bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of primary epidermal lamellar density in the forefeet of near-term fetal Australian feral and domesticated horses
Authors: Hampson Brian A. , Studies M Animal , de Laat Melody A. , Mills Paul C. , Pollitt Christopher C. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the density of the primary epidermal lamellae (PEL) around the solar circumference of the forefeet of near-term fetal feral and nonferal (ie, domesticated) horses.
Sample—Left forefeet from near-term Australian feral (n = 14) and domesticated (4) horse fetuses.
Procedures—Near-term feral horse fetuses were obtained from culled mares within 10 minutes of death; fetuses that had died in utero 2 weeks prior to anticipated birth date and were delivered from live Thoroughbred mares were also obtained. Following disarticulation at the carpus, the left forefoot of each fetus was frozen during dissection and data collection. In a standard section of each hoof, the stratum internum PEL density was calculated at the midline center (12 o'clock) and the medial and lateral break-over points (11 and 1 o'clock), toe quarters (10 and 2 o'clock), and quarters (4 and 6 o'clock). Values for matching lateral and medial zones were averaged and expressed as 1 density. Density differences at the 4 locations between the feral and domesticated horse feet were assessed by use of imaging software analysis.
Results—In fetal domesticated horse feet, PEL density did not differ among the 4 locations. In fetal feral horse feet, PEL density differed significantly among locations, with a pattern of gradual reduction from the dorsal to the palmar aspect of the foot. The PEL density distribution differed significantly between fetal domesticated and feral horse feet.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that PEL density distribution differs between fetal feral and domesticated horse feet, suggestive of an adaptation of feral horses to environment challenges.
Chondrogenic effects of exogenous retinoic acid or a retinoic acid receptor antagonist (LE135) on equine chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in monolayer culture
Authors: Henderson Sally E. , Santangelo Kelly S. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of various concentrations of retinoic acid (RA) or a synthetic RA receptor antagonist (LE135) on equine chondrocytes or bone marrow—derived equine mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) in monolayer cultures.
Sample—Articular cartilage and BMDMSCs from 5 clinically normal horses.
Procedures—Monolayers of chondrocytes cultured in standard media and of BMDMSCs cultured in chondrogenic media were treated with RA at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, or 10μM or LE135 at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, or 10μM on day 0. On days 7 and 14, samples were analyzed for DNA concentration, chondrocyte morphology or features consistent with chondrogenesis (ie, chondral morphology [scored from 0 to 4]), and gene expression of collagen type Ia (CI), collagen type II (CII), and aggrecan.
Results—Chondrocytes treated with RA had more mature chondral morphology (range of median scores, 3.0 to 4.0) than did untreated controls (range of median scores, 0.5 to 0.5). Chondrocytes treated with LE135 did not sustain chondrocyte morphology. All BMDMSCs had evidence of chondral morphology or high CII:CI ratio. Retinoic acid (1 or 10μM) or LE135 (10μM) treatment decreased DNA content of BMDMSC cultures. At 0.1 and 1μM concentrations, LE135 weakly but significantly increased chondral morphology scores, compared with untreated controls, but lack of aggrecan expression and lack of increased CII:CI ratio, compared with that of controls, did not affect chondrogenesis.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—RA promoted maturation and hypertrophy in chondrocytes but not BMDMSCs in monolayer cultures. Deficiency or blockade of RA may prevent hypertrophy and maturation of differentiated chondrocytes.
Reliability of macroscopic grading of intervertebral disk degeneration in dogs by use of the Thompson system and comparison with low-field magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Bergknut Niklas , Grinwis Guy , Pickee Emile , Auriemma Edoardo , Lagerstedt Anne-Sofie , Hagman Ragnvi , Hazewinkel Herman A. W. , Meij Björn P. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the reliability of the Thompson system for use in grading the gross pathological changes of intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration in dogs and to investigate the agreement between gross pathological findings and low-field (0.2-T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
Sample—Vertebral columns from cadavers of 19 dogs of various ages, breeds, and origins.
Procedures—182 intervertebral segments were collected from 19 canine cadavers. Sagittal T2-weighted MRI of the T11 through S1 portion of the vertebral column was performed within 24 hours after the dogs were euthanized. The vertebral columns were subsequently divided in the midsagittal plane, and high-resolution photographs were obtained of each intervertebral segment (end plate—disk—end plate). The MRI images and photographs were graded separately in a blinded manner by 4 observers who used both Pfirrmann and Thompson grading criteria.
Results—The interobserver agreement for Thompson scores ranged from 0.76 to 0.88, and the intraobserver agreement ranged from 0.88 to 0.94 (Cohen weighted κ analysis). Agreement between scores for the Pfirrmann and Thompson grading criteria was κ = 0.70.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Grading of IVD degeneration in dogs by use of the Thompson system resulted in high interobserver and intraobserver agreement, and scores for the Thompson system had substantial agreement with low-field MRI findings graded by use of the Pfirrmann system. This suggested that low-field MRI can be used to diagnose IVD degeneration in dogs.
Effects of body position, imaging plane, and observer on computed tomographic measurements of the lumbosacral intervertebral foraminal area in dogs
Authors: Higgins Brent M. , Cripps Peter J. , Baker Martin , Moore Lee , Penrose Fay E. , McConnell James F. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of imaging plane, flexion and extension, patient weight, and observer on computed tomographic (CT) image measurements of the area of the lumbosacral (L7-S1) intervertebral foramen (LSIF) in dogs.
Sample—12 dog cadavers (2 were excluded because of foraminal stenosis).
Procedures—In each cadaver, sagittal, sagittal oblique, transverse oblique, and double oblique CT images were obtained at 3 zones (entrance, middle, and exit zones) of the region of the lateral lumbar spinal canal that comprises the LSIF while the lumbosacral junction (LSJ) was positioned in flexion or extension. Barium-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate was used to fill the intervertebral foramina to aid boundary detection. Measurements of interest were obtained.
Results—Among the dog cadavers, there was large variability in LSIF cross-sectional areas (range, 0.12 to 0.44 cm2; SD, 0.1 cm2) and in foraminal angles required to obtain a double oblique plane in LSJ extension (SD, 8° to 9°). For LSIF area measurements in standard sagittal CT images, interobserver variability was 23% to 44% and intraobserver variability was 4% to 5%. Sagittal oblique images obtained during LSJ extension yielded smaller mean LSIF areas (0.30 cm2), compared with findings in sagittal images (0.37 to 0.52 cm2). The exit and middle zone areas were smaller than the entrance zone area in sagittal images obtained during LSJ extension.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Repeated measurements of the LSIF area in images obtained during LSJ extension may be unreliable as a result of interobserver variability and the effects of dog positioning and CT slice orientation.
Characterization of the responses of equine digital veins and arteries to calcitonin gene-related peptide
Authors: Katz Lisa M. , Marr Celia M. , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare responses of equine digital arteries (EDAs) and veins (EDVs) to human-acalcitonin gene-related peptide (hαCGRP), evaluate effect of the endothelium, and characterize receptors and sources of endogenous CGRP.
Sample—Palmar digital vessels (5 to 9/experiment) from healthy adult horses killed at an abattoir.
Procedures—Vessel rings were mounted under tension in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution at 30°C, with relaxation responses examined in vessels preconstricted with a thromboxane-mimetic (3 × 10−8M). Responses of endothelium-intact (+e) and -denuded (−e) EDAs and EDVs to hαCGRP C10−10 to 3 × 10−7M) were compared. Following incubation with an hαCGRP receptor antagonist (hαCGRP8–37; 1μM), responses of EDA(−e) and EDV(−e) to hαCGRP (10−7M) were obtained. Responses of endothelium-intact and -denuded arteries and veins to hαCGRP (3 × 10−7M) or capsaicin (10−5M) were evaluated as well as responses of endothelium-intact and -denuded EDA and EDV to hαCGRP (10−10 to 10−6M) after incubation with endothelin-1 (ET-1; 10−12M).
Results—hαCGRP resulted in nonendothelium, concentration-dependent relaxation in EDAs and EDVs, with greater responses in EDAs. Treatment with hαCGRP8–37 had minimal effect on responses to hαCGRP in either vessel type. Capsaicin induced relaxation in both vessel types. There were no differences between responses to hαCGRP for vessels pretreated with ET-1 or vehicle.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both hαCGRP and capsaicin induced digital vasodilation unaffected by a functional endothelium. This suggested that endogenous CGRP likely emanates from sensory-motor nerves and may contribute to digital vasodilation.
Long-term outcome of dogs treated surgically for idiopathic chylothorax: 11 cases (1995–2009)
Authors: da Silva Carlos Adrega , Monnet Eric 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine long-term outcome of dogs treated surgically for idiopathic chylothorax.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—11 client-owned dogs with idiopathic chylothorax that underwent surgery between November 1995 and April 2009 and had been followed up for at least 4 months after surgery.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, history, physical examination findings, results of clinicopathologic testing, radiographic findings, surgical procedures, postoperative complications, outcome, and cause of death.
Results—A median sternotomy was performed in 10 dogs, and a right intercostal thoracotomy (fifth and ninth intercostal spaces) was performed in 1. Thoracic duct ligation and subtotal pericardectomy were performed in all dogs. Thoracic omentalization was performed in 8 dogs at the time of surgery, passive pleuroperitoneal shunting was performed in 2 dogs, and pleurodesis was performed in 1 dog. Lung lobectomy was performed because of lung consolidation in 2 dogs and lung lobe torsion in another 2 dogs at the time of the initial surgery. Median disease-free interval did not differ significantly between dogs that did and did not undergo lung lobectomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 5 dogs. Median follow-up time was 46 months. Eight of 11 dogs were free from clinical signs 5 years after surgery. Two of the 3 dogs that did not undergo thoracic omentalization had a recurrence of clinical signs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that the prognosis for dogs surgically treated for idiopathic chylothorax was fair and that lung lobectomy was not a negative prognostic indicator.
Effect of the use of carprofen in dogs undergoing intense rehabilitation after lateral fabellar suture stabilization
Authors: Gordon-Evans Wanda J. , Dunning Diane , Johnson Ann L. , Knap Kim E. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether carprofen, a commercially available NSAID, would decrease perceived exertion and signs of pain in dogs and therefore increase muscle mass and hind limb function without decreasing range of motion after lateral fabellar suture stabilization.
Design—Randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial.
Animals—35 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and lateral fabellar suture stabilization followed by rehabilitation.
Procedures—All dogs underwent surgical stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament rupture by placement of a lateral fabellar suture. Dogs received carprofen (2.2 mg/kg [1 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for the first 7 days after surgery and underwent concentrated rehabilitation exercises during weeks 3, 5, and 7 after surgery. Eighteen dogs also received carprofen (2.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) during the weeks of concentrated rehabilitation. Outcomes were measured by a single investigator, who was blinded to group assignments, using pressure platform gait analysis, goniometry, thigh circumference, and mean workout speed at a consistent level of exertion.
Results—There were no differences between the 2 groups in ground reaction forces, thigh circumference, or exertion (mean workout speed) over time or at any individual time point. However, both groups improved significantly over time for all outcome measures.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Providing carprofen to dogs during concentrated rehabilitation after lateral fabellar suture stabilization did not improve hind limb function, range of motion, or thigh circumference, nor did it decrease perceived exertion, compared with control dogs. Carprofen was not a compulsory component of a physical therapy regimen after lateral fabellar suture stabilization.
Recurrent meningitis associated with frontal sinus tuber encephalocele in a patient with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Elbabaa Samer K. , Riggs Angela D. , Saad Ali G. 
Published: July 2011

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic neurocutaneous disorder that commonly affects the CNS. The most commonly associated brain tumors include cortical tubers, subependymal nodules, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). The authors report an unusual case of recurrent meningitis due to a tuber-containing encephalocele via the posterior wall of the frontal sinus.
An 11-year-old girl presented with a history of TSC and previous SEGA resection via interhemispheric approach. She presented twice within 4 months with classic bacterial meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures revealed Streptococcus pneumoniae. Computed tomography and MR imaging of the brain showed a right frontal sinus encephalocele via a posterior frontal sinus wall defect. Both episodes of meningitis were treated successfully with standard regimens of intravenous antibiotics. The neurosurgical service was consulted to discuss surgical options.
Via a bicoronal incision, a right basal frontal craniotomy was performed. A large frontal encephalocele was encountered in the frontal sinus. The encephalocele was herniating through a bony defect of the posterior sinus wall. The encephalocele was ligated and resected followed by removing frontal sinus mucosa and complete cranialization of frontal sinus. Repair of the sinus floor was conducted with fat and pericranial grafts followed by CSF diversion via lumbar drain. Histopathology of the resected encephalocele showed a TSC tuber covered with respiratory (frontal sinus) mucosa. Tuber cells were diffusely positive for GFAP. The patient underwent follow-up for 2 years without evidence of recurrent meningitis or CSF rhinorrhea.
This report demonstrates that frontal tubers of TSC can protrude into the frontal sinus as acquired encephaloceles and present with recurrent meningitis. To the authors' knowledge, recurrent meningitis is not known to coincide with TSC. Careful clinical and radiographic follow-up for frontal tubers in patients with TSC is recommended.
Craniofacial approaches to large juvenile angiofibromas
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Kalani Maziyar A. , Kalb Samuel , Albuquerque Felipe C. , McDougall Cameron G. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F. , Porter Randall W. , Feiz-Erfan Iman 
Published: July 2011

Object
Craniofacial approaches provide excellent exposure to lesions in the anterior and middle cranial fossae. The authors review their experience with craniofacial approaches for resection of large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas.

Methods
Between 1992 and 2009, 22 patients (all male, mean age 15 years, range 9–27 years) underwent 30 procedures. These cases were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
Gross-total resection of 17 (77%) of the 22 lesions was achieved. The average duration of hospitalization was 8.2 days (range 3–20 days). The rate of recurrence and/or progression was 4 (18%) of 22, with recurrences occurring a mean of 21 months after the first resection. All patients underwent preoperative embolization. Nine patients (41%) developed complications, the most common of which was CSF leakage (23%). The average follow-up was 27.7 months (range 2–144 months). The surgery-related mortality rate was 0%. Based on their mean preoperative (90) and postoperative (90) Karnofsky Performance Scale scores, 100% of patients improved or remained the same.

Conclusions
The authors' experience shows that craniofacial approaches provide an excellent avenue for the resection of large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, with acceptable rates of morbidity and no deaths.
Benefit of ventriculoperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunting and intrathecal chemotherapy in neoplastic meningitis: a retrospective, case-controlled study
Authors: Lin Ning , Dunn Ian F. , Glantz Michael , Allison Dana L. , Jensen Randy , Johnson Mark D. , Friedlander Robert M. , Kesari Santosh 
Published: July 2011

Object
Neoplastic meningitis (NM) is a debilitating and increasingly frequent neurological complication of cancer characterized by infiltration of tumor cells into the leptomeninges and the subarachnoid space. Although NM is rarely curable, combined intrathecal chemotherapy and focal radiation can improve disease-related symptoms and survival. Hydrocephalus occurs in a significant proportion of patients, is associated with poor prognosis and reduced quality of life, and usually precludes the use of intrathecal therapy.

Methods
Since January of 2005, the authors have used a combined treatment approach for patients with both NM and hydrocephalus that employs a subcutaneously placed reservoir connected in series to an on/off valve and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for both diversion of CSF and injection of intrathecal chemotherapy. They conducted a retrospective, case-controlled study from 2 independent institutions to review their experience.

Results
Twenty-four patients with NM and hydrocephalus underwent placement of a CSF reservoir-on/off valve-ventriculoperitoneal shunt (RO-VPS) construct. There was no perioperative mortality, and there were only 2 minor complications. One shunt failure and no shunt-associated infections were observed over a median of 28 weeks of follow-up. Symptomatic improvement and improved performance status were seen in 20 patients (83.3%) and were sustained over 6 months. Eighteen patients received intraventricular chemotherapy without unexpected toxicity, and cytological responses were found in 11 patients (61.1%). Median progression-free and overall survival was 14 and 31 weeks, respectively. Compared with a contemporaneous comparison group of 24 demographically matched patients with NM who underwent CSF reservoir placement only, those who received RO-VPS constructs (p = 0.02) and had primary diagnosis of breast cancer (p = 0.04) had significant advantage in overall survival.

Conclusions
A combined RO-VPS system is safe and practical to install, results in symptomatic improvement in most patients, and allows uncomplicated and effective administration of intrathecal chemotherapy in patients with NM. Cerebrospinal fluid diversion surgery should be considered in NM patients in conjunction with intrathecal and systemic treatments.
Théorie du salaire d'efficience et disparités non compensatrices : évaluation à partir de l'enquête Fqp
Authors: Plassard Jean-Michel , Tahar Gabriel 
Published: July 2011

Teoría del salario de eficiencia y disparidades no compensadoras : evaluación a partir de la encuesta Fqp,
por Jean-Michel Plassard, Gabriel Tahar.

El presente artículo tiene el propósito de probar la hipótesis del salario de eficiencia a partir de datos sobre los salarios sacados de la encuesta Formación-Cualificación profesional, Una vez que se han tomado en cuenta todos los factores que pueden justificar diferencias de salarios entre individuos (formación, experiencia profesional, períodos de desocupación anteriores,...), subsisten diferencias de salario inexplicadas : éstas pueden ser atribuídas a políticas diferenciadas en materia de salarios: el "mecanismo" del salario de eficiencia no desempeñaría de manera idéntica el mismo papel en todos los sectores y se manifestaría por lo tanto por diferencias de salarios no ligadas a las características de la oferta de trabajo.
Formation des salaires, chômage d'équilibre et incidence des cotisations sur le coût du travail
Authors: Cotis Jean-Philippe , Loufir Abderrahim 
Published: July 2011

Formación de los salarios e incidencia de las cotizaciones sobre el coste del trabajo,
por Jean-Philippe Cotis, Abderrahim Loufir.

Los modelos macroeconómicos franceses atribuyen a las cotizaciones sociales de asalariados y empleadores un impacto asimétrico sobre el coste del trabajo : las alzas de cotizaciones de asalariados acarrearían una baja del salario neto que dejaría constante el coste del trabajo total mientras que las alzas de cotizaciones de empleadores se repercuterían íntegramente en aumento del coste del trabajo. El estudio presentado aquí tiene por objeto probar de manera empírica, para Francia y cinco otros países europeos, la validez de esta propositión, mediante una "ecuación de salario" que incorpora los índices de cotizaciones de asalariados y empleadores. Parece que ni las cotizaciones patronales ni las cotizaciones salariales influyen a mediano plazo en el coste del trabajo; al contrario, tienen influencia sobre el poder adquisitivo de los salarios netos. Una variación de cotizaciones patronales influye en particular en el coste del trabajo sólo de manera transitoria.
Pénurie de devises et crise de l'agriculture commerciale en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Berthélemy Jean-Claude , Morrisson Christian 
Published: July 2011

Penuria de divisas y crisis de la agriculture comercial en Africa subsahariana,
por Jean-Claude Berthélemy y Christian Morrisson.

En este artículo se presenta un análisis macroeconómico simple que permite explicar la aparición de una penuria de divisas en países africanos de especialización agrícola, mantenida por los propios países. Un racionamiento inicial de divisas, provocado con frecuencia por errores de política económica, créa una penuria de bienes manufacturados en las zonas rurales. A raíz de ello, los campesinos no se yen estimulados a producir para el mercado, lo cual provoca una disminuciôn de los ingresos en divisas y, por ende, una agravación de la crisis de la balanza de pagos. Por último, el présente artfculo propone una aplicación numérica para una muestra formada por unos diez paíees africanos.
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance by genes qnrA1 and qnrB19 in Salmonella strains isolated in Brazil
Authors: Ferrari Rafaela , Galiana Antonio , Cremades Rosa , Rodriguez Juan Carlos , Magnani Marciane , Tognim Maria Cristina B , Oliveira Tereza C R M , Royo Gloria 
Published: July 2011

Considering the importance of the mechanisms involved in quinolone resistance, this study evaluate the presence of PMQR in 126 epidemic and not epidemic strains of Salmonella spp. It was noted that presence of PMQR, by itself, did not generate resistance to ciprofloxacin; but detection of qnr genes in Salmonella spp. and the identification of the qnrB19 variant in a strain of poultry origin alert for the indiscriminate use of quinolones in poultry production, that can result in a pressure for mutant selection of resistant strains with a clinical limitation use of FQs in the near future. And last but not least, is the need to continued study of resistance mechanisms and to monitor the microbial resistance profile of epidemiological strains.