bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Use on Survival After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis: The Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort
Authors: Dehal Ahmed N. , Newton Christina C. , Jacobs Eric J. , Patel Alpa V. , Gapstur Susan M. , Campbell Peter T. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose To examine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and survival among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and to evaluate whether this association varies by sex, insulin treatment, and durations of T2DM and insulin use. Patients and Methods This study was conducted among 2,278 men and women diagnosed with nonmetastatic colon or rectal cancer between 1992 and 2007 in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, a prospective study of cancer incidence. In 1992 to 1993, participants completed a detailed, self-administrated questionnaire. Vital status and cause of death were ascertained through the end of 2008. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Among the 2,278 men and women with nonmetastatic CRC, there were 842 deaths by the end of follow-up (including 377 deaths from CRC and 152 deaths from cardiovascular disease [CVD]). Among men and women combined, compared with patients without T2DM, patients with CRC and T2DM were at higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.83), CRC-specific mortality (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.70), and CVD-specific mortality (RR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.24), with no apparent differences by sex or durations of T2DM or insulin use. Insulin use, compared with no T2DM, was associated with increased risk of death from all causes (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.31) and CVD (RR, 3.87; 95% CI, 2.12 to 7.08) but not from CRC (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.19). Conclusion Patients with CRC and T2DM have a higher risk of mortality than patients with CRC who do not have T2DM, especially a higher risk of death from CVD.
An “If This, Then That” Formulation of Decisions Related to Social Role Valorization As a Better Way of Interpreting It to People
Authors: Wolfensberger Wolf 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSocial Role Valorization is interpreted as a high-order empirical social science theory that informs people about the relation between the social roles that people hold and what happens to them as a result, and how to valorize (improve or defend) the social roles of people at risk of social devaluation. Because Social Role Valorization is not a “religion,” people must go to higher belief systems to determine whether and why other humans should be valued or devalued, whether the social valuation of others should be promoted, and which presumably effective means to this end are morally defensible or even imperative. Whether a pursuit of social valuation in certain cases has unacceptable implications can be in the domain of either “religion” or practical trade-offs.
Bullying and gangs
Authors: White Rob , Mason Ron 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background: Although bullying is associated with gangs, questions arise as to whether bullying, as such, takes place within gangs.
Objective: To provide a critical analysis of bullying as this pertains to youth gangs and especially to violence within gangs, and as applied to the behaviour of individual gang members.
Study group: Young men between 12 and 25 years of age.
Methods: Review of relevant literature with a view to theorising the nature of the relationship between bullying and violence within a youth gang context.
Results: Bullying is associated with the reasons why individuals join gangs and with gang-related behaviour, but the violence within a gang is of a different character than that usually described by the term bullying.
Conclusion: Bullying has implications for related and/or subsequent types of street violence, but is less relevant for descriptions of violence within a youth gang context as such.
Adolescent suicide in New York City: plenty of room for new research
Authors: Ganz Debora , Sher Leo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe act of adolescent suicide continues to threaten adolescent populations in New York City (NYC). Consistent positive correlations have been found between a plethora of risk factors present in NYC adolescent populations and suicidal ideations and behaviors. Psychiatric conditions that may contribute to the rate of adolescent suicide in NYC include depression, bipolar disorder, substance abuse and schizophrenia. Unique factors that have been found to contribute to increased rates of completed suicides in NYC include the phenomena of railway suicides and suicide tourism. Homelessness and income inequality in NYC have also been consistently correlated with increased suicidality; with one study finding suicide attempts reported by a significant percentage of new admissions to homeless shelters. Adolescent populations in NYC that have been identified as particularly vulnerable to suicidality include runaway youth, homosexual youth, victimized adolescents and adolescents with a recent history of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Longitudinal studies in NYC have found that physical and sexual abuse is highly predictive of adolescent suicidality, with variations by ethnic group. Currently, there is a disturbing lack of sufficient research on adolescent suicide in NYC, specifically regarding causal factors, the effects of television on suicide, comorbid suicidality and drug abuse, and cultural factors contributing to suicide. This dearth of literature may be related to the ethical problems inherent in suicide research, self reports and/or post mortem analyses.
Spirituality and substance use in a sample of Russian adolescents
Authors: Pokhrel Pallav , Sussman Steve , Regmi Shekhar , Hallam Jeffrey S. , Kniazev Vadim , Masagutov Radik 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Aim: The aim was to examine the effects of spirituality on recent cigarette and alcohol use, intentions to use cigarette and alcohol, and perceived risks of cigarette/alcohol use in a sample of Russian adolescents.
Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 362 10th graders from Ufa, Russia.
Results: Adolescents scoring higher on spirituality were significantly more likely to report lower levels of intentions to use cigarettes or alcohol. However, spirituality was not associated with recent cigarette/alcohol use or perceived risks. Analyzed separately for ethnic Russians and non-Russians, the relationship between spirituality and intentions were significant only among ethnic non-Russians.
Conclusions: Our data suggests that the protective effects of spirituality on substance use may not be universal and may depend on subjects’ national, ethnic, or religious background.
Early Dimensional Changes in Maxillary Cleft Size and Arch Dimensions of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate and Cleft Palate
Authors: Reiser Erika , Skoog Valdemar , Andlin-Sobocki Anna 
Published: November 2011

Objective To study early changes in cleft size and maxillary arch dimensions and to evaluate these changes in relation to performed surgical procedures. Design Retrospective longitudinal study. Setting The Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Patients Dental study models of 79 consecutive children (28 with unilateral cleft lip and palate, 39 with cleft palate, and 12 with Pierre Robin sequence) were analyzed. Interventions Lip repair at 3 to 4 months, soft palate repair at 6 to 10 months, and hard palate repair at 25 to 26 months of age. Main Outcome Measures Cleft size was measured before each surgical intervention up to 2 years and arch dimensions were measured before each surgical intervention and at 5 years. Results Cleft widths decreased from infancy up to 2 years, but the anteroposterior cleft length in cleft palate was unchanged. Arch widths between cuspid points (C-C1) and tuberosity points (T-T1) and also the change over time in C-C1 and T-T1 differed significantly between the groups from infancy up to 5 years. Conclusions Cleft widths decreased after lip closure and/or soft palate closure. The children with unilateral cleft lip and palate had wider maxillary arch dimensions than the children with cleft palate or Pierre Robin sequence during the first years of life, but after hard palate closure the transverse growth was reduced in the children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. At 5 years the children with unilateral cleft lip and palate had similar maxillary widths as the children with cleft palate and/or Pierre Robin sequence.
Evaluation of thoracic epidural analgesia induced by lidocaine, ketamine, or both administered via a lumbosacral approach in dogs
Authors: DeRossi Rafael , Frazílio Fabrício O. , Jardim Paulo H. A. , Martins Alessandro R. C. , Schmidt Rafaella , Negrini-Neto João M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the analgesic and systemic effects of thoracic epidural administration of ketamine, lidocaine, or both in conscious dogs.
Animals—6 adult mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Each dog received 2% lidocaine hydrochloride without epinephrine (3.8 mg/kg), 5% ketamine hydrochloride (3.0 mg/kg), or both in randomized order with ≥ 1 week between treatments. Drugs were administered in a total volume of 0.25 mL/kg through a thoracic epidural catheter implanted via the lumbosacral approach. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia, sedation, and ataxia were determined before treatment (baseline [time 0]) and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after administration.
Results—The main areas of analgesia for the 3 treatments were the thorax and forelimbs bilaterally. Median duration of analgesia was shorter after administration of ketamine (30 minutes) than after administration of lidocaine (40 minutes) and lidocaine plus ketamine (90 minutes). All treatments caused moderate motor blockade, and only the ketamine and lidocaine plus ketamine treatments caused mild sedation. Significant decreases in systolic and mean arterial blood pressure were observed only with the lidocaine plus ketamine treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Thoracic epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer duration of analgesia of the thorax and forelimbs bilaterally in conscious dogs, compared with administration of ketamine or lidocaine alone. Additional studies are needed to determine whether this technique adequately relieves postoperative pain after thoracic surgical procedures and whether it causes respiratory depression in dogs.
Plasma disposition, concentration in the hair, and anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin after topical administration in donkeys
Authors: Gokbulut Cengiz , Di Loria Antonio , Gunay Necati , Masucci Roberto , Veneziano Vincenzo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To investigate plasma disposition, concentration in the hair, and anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin after topical administration in donkeys.
Animals—12 donkeys naturally infected with strongyle nematodes.
Procedures—The pour-on formulation of eprinomectin approved for use in cattle was administered topically to donkeys at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg. Heparinized blood samples and hair samples were collected at various times between 1 hour and 40 days after administration. Samples were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Fecal strongyle egg counts were performed by use of a modified McMaster technique before and at weekly intervals for 8 weeks after treatment.
Results—Plasma concentration and systemic availability of eprinomectin were relatively higher in donkeys, compared with values reported for other animal species. Concerning the anthelmintic efficacy against strongyle nematodes, eprinomectin was completely effective (100%) on days 7 and 14 and highly effective (> 99%) until the end of the study at 56 days after treatment. No abnormal clinical signs or adverse reactions were observed for any donkeys after treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Eprinomectin had excellent safety. The relatively high plasma concentration after topical administration could result in use of eprinomectin for the control and treatment of parasitic diseases in donkeys.
Glomerular filtration rate estimation by use of a correction formula for slope-intercept plasma iohexol clearance in cats
Authors: Finch Natalie C. , Syme Harriet M. , Elliott Jonathan , Peters Adrien M. , Gerritsen Robert , Croubels Siska , Heiene Reidun 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To develop a formula for correcting slope-intercept plasma iohexol clearance in cats and to compare clearance of total iohexol (TIox), endo-iohexol (EnIox), and exo-iohexol (ExIox).
Animals—20 client-owned, healthy adult and geriatric cats.
Procedures—Plasma clearance of TIox was determined via multisample and slope-intercept methods. A multisample method was used to determine clearance for EnIox and ExIox. A second-order polynomial correction factor was derived by performing regression analysis of the multisample data with the slope-intercept data and forcing the regression line though the origin. Clearance corrected by use of the derived formula was compared with clearance corrected by use of Brochner-Mortensen human and Heiene canine formulae. Statistical testing was applied, and Bland-Altman plots were created to assess the degree of agreement between TIox, EnIox, and ExIox clearance.
Results—Mean ± SD iohexol clearance estimated via multisample and corrected slope-intercept methods was 2.16 ± 0.35 mL/min/kg and 2.14 ± 0.34 mL/min/kg, respectively. The derived feline correction formula was Clcorrected = (1.036 × Cluncorrected) – (0.062 × Cluncorrected2), in which Cl represents clearance. Results obtained by use of the 2 methods were in excellent agreement. Clearance corrected by use of the Heiene formula had a linear relationship with clearance corrected by use of the feline formula; however, the relationship of the feline formula with the Brochner-Mortensen formula was nonlinear. Agreement between TIox, EnIox, and ExIox clearance was excellent.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The derived feline correction formula applied to slope-intercept plasma iohexol clearance accurately predicted multisample clearance in cats. Use of this technique offers an important advantage by reducing stress to cats associated with repeated blood sample collection and decreasing the costs of analysis.
Angle of insertion and confirmation of angles measured after in vitro implantation during laminar vertebral stabilization in vertebral columns obtained from canine cadavers
Authors: Knell Sebastian C. , Kircher Patrick , Dennler Matthias , Montavon Pierre M. , Voss Katja , Hurter Karin 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine angles of insertion for laminar vertebral fixation of L1 and L2 by use of a locking plate in dogs and to confirm screw placement by use of computed tomography (CT).
Sample—Vertebral specimens harvested from 8 canine cadavers.
Procedures—The point of insertion and minimum and maximum insertion angles for laminar and facet screws for laminar vertebral stabilization were determined by use of CT. A precontoured locking plate was then placed by use of 1 locking screw in the lamina of each lumbar vertebra and 1 nonlocking screw in the facet joint. The position and angle of the screws were examined by use of CT, and penetration into the vertebral canal was recorded.
Results—Mean ± SD insertion angles for L1 and L2 were 18 ± 4° and 21 ± 5° toward the vertebral canal and 11 ± 4.4° and 10 ± 3° in a dorsal direction, respectively. Insertion angles for the facet joint were between 24 ± 4° ventrally and 12 ± 2° dorsally. Insertion of the screw did not penetrate the vertebral canal for 23 of 24 (96%) screws. For 23 of 24 inserted screws, the previously determined angle was maintained and purchase of bone and cortices was satisfactory.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Placement of laminar and facet screws in canine vertebrae was possible and can be performed safely if angles of insertion determined pre-operatively via CT are maintained.
Biomechanical comparison after in vitro laminar vertebral stabilization and vertebral body plating of the first and second lumbar vertebrae in specimens obtained from canine cadavers
Authors: Knell Sebastian C. , Bürki Alexander , Hurter Karin , Ferguson Stephen J. , Montavon Pierre M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare biomechanical characteristics of vertebral segments after vertebral body plating or laminar stabilization following complete incision of the annulus fibrosus.
Sample—Vertebral segments from T13 through L3 obtained from 18 canine cadavers.
Procedures—A 4-point bending moment was applied in flexion and extension to the intact vertebral segments to determine a baseline range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ). Vertebral columns were then destabilized by creating a defect in the intervertebral disk via complete incision of the ventral aspect of the annulus fibrosus. The bending moment was applied again after stabilization was accomplished via vertebral body plating or with laminar stabilization (n = 9 vertebral segments/stabilization technique). The ROM and NZ were compared with their baseline values and among treatment groups. Finally, load-to-failure testing was performed in flexion.
Results—Mean relative ROM and NZ for segments treated with laminar stabilization were significantly lower than those for segments treated with vertebral plates.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of in vitro results suggested that laminar stabilization of vertebral segments provided greater stiffness than did vertebral body plating.
Les débuts dans la vie active des jeunes immigrés ou d'origine étrangère
Authors: Gaymu Joëlle , Parant Alain 
Published: November 2011

L'enquête MGIS permet, entre autres, d'apprécier comment s'opèrent les débuts dans la vie active des jeunes immigrés et des jeunes d'origine étrangère. La situation la plus fréquente à la date de l'enquête est celle d'actifs occupés, mais l'insertion professionnelle est sensiblement plus forte pour les immigrés ou les jeunes d'origine ibérique que pour leurs homologues algériens ou d'origine algérienne, quel que soit le sexe des personnes interrogées. Et les niveaux de formation scolaire ou universitaire n'expliquent que partiellement cet état de fait.
Très souvent sollicitée, d'une manière générale, lors des recherches d'emploi, la famille l'est encore plus particulièrement par les immigrés portugais et les jeunes d'origine ibérique non diplômés. Que l'on considère le premier statut au sortir des études, la succession des divers statuts repérés dans les biographies professionnelles ou encore les durées écoulées entre le terme de la formation initiale et le premier emploi ou l'emploi «actuel», les immigrés d'Algérie et les jeunes nés en France d'au moins un parent né en Algérie occupent toujours une position en retrait. Ces résultats peuvent être perçus comme des preuves multiples des réelles difficultés rencontrées par ces personnes pour intégrer le monde du travail. Mais ils pourraient aussi tenir à des projets professionnels plus élevés.
Wnt5a Is Secreted by Follicular Dendritic Cells To Protect Germinal Center B Cells via Wnt/Ca2+/NFAT/NF-κB–B Cell Lymphoma 6 Signaling
Authors: Kim Jungtae , Kim Dong Wook , Chang Wookyoung , Choe Jongseon , Kim Jihun , Park Chan-Sik , Song Kyuyoung , Lee Inchul 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) protect germinal center (GC) B cells from rapid apoptosis to allow their survival and maturation. In this article, we show that FDCs normally produce and secrete Wnt5a to protect GC B cells. Wnt5a production is upregulated by polyI:C. Purified Wnt5a protects GC B cells from apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. GC B cells are protected by FDC coculture or conditioned medium, and the protection is inhibited significantly by anti-Wnt5a Ab, suggesting a major role of Wnt5a in the FDC-mediated GC B cell protection. A calcium chelator BAPTA-AM blocks the Wnt5a-mediated GC B cell protection, implying a role of Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in the GC B cell survival. Wnt5a and calcium ionophore activate NFATc1, NFATc2, NF-κB, and B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6) promptly and upregulate CD40 expression in GC B and Ramos cells, whereas p53 and JNK are not upregulated or activated. Cyclosporine A inhibits the Wnt5a and calcium-induced activation of NF-κB and BCL-6 in Ramos cells, supporting a role of β-catenin–independent Wnt/Ca2+/NFAT/NF-κB–BCL-6 signaling. Our data support that Wnt5a is a novel survival factor for GC B cells and might be a potential target for the regulation of B cell immunity.
Soluble BAFF Levels Inversely Correlate with Peripheral B Cell Numbers and the Expression of BAFF Receptors
Authors: Kreuzaler Matthias , Rauch Melanie , Salzer Ulrich , Birmelin Jennifer , Rizzi Marta , Grimbacher Bodo , Plebani Alessandro , Lougaris Vassilios , Quinti Isabella , Thon Vojtech , Litzman Jiri , Schlesier Michael , Warnatz Klaus , Thiel Jens , Rolink Antonius G. , Eibel Hermann 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The TNF family member protein BAFF/BLyS is essential for B cell survival and plays an important role in regulating class switch recombination as well as in the selection of autoreactive B cells. In humans, increased concentrations of soluble BAFF are found in different pathological conditions, which may be as diverse as autoimmune diseases, B cell malignancies, and primary Ab deficiencies (PAD). Because the mechanisms that regulate BAFF levels are not well understood, we newly developed a set of mAbs against human BAFF to study the parameters that determine the concentrations of soluble BAFF in circulation. Patients with PAD, including severe functional B cell defects such as BTK, BAFF-R, or TACI deficiency, were found to have higher BAFF levels than asplenic individuals, patients after anti-CD20 B cell depletion, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, or healthy donors. In a comparable manner, mice constitutively expressing human BAFF were found to have higher concentrations of BAFF in the absence than in the presence of B cells. Therefore, our data strongly suggest that BAFF steady-state concentrations mainly depend on the number of B cells as well as on the expression of BAFF-binding receptors. Because most patients with PAD have high levels of circulating BAFF, the increase in BAFF concentrations cannot compensate defects in B cell development and function.
Noninvasive Diagnostics of Fetal Anemia
Authors: Ahmed Badreldeen , Vasilj Oliver 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
Even though the use of anti-D immunoglobulin has dramatically decreased the incidence of hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn, it still remains a significant cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The main challenge facing fetal medicine specialists today is not the skill required for invasive therapy, but rather the noninvasive monitoring of the disease so that its progress can be predicted to guide the need and timing of intrauterine transfusions to minimize unnecessary invasive testing. In previous years many different diagnostic tests were proposed but the assessment of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity still stands as a gold standard for noninvasive assessment of fetal anemia.