bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persisting Chronic Gastritis and Elevated Helicobacter pylori Antibodies after Successful Eradication Therapy
Authors: Veijola Lea , Oksanen Aino , Linnala Auli , Sipponen Pentti , Rautelin Hilpi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  The persistence of chronic inflammation in gastric mucosa and elevated Helicobacter pylori antibodies after successful eradication therapy are common findings in clinical practice. We studied their possible association with each other and disappearance in long‐term follow up, as well as their possible connection with gastric atrophy.Patients and methods:  The study population consisted of 108 dyspeptic patients with successful eradication therapy median 6.4 years earlier. The patients underwent gastroscopy, and biopsies from antrum and corpus were evaluated by an experienced pathologist. Serum samples collected from 77 patients were studied for H. pylori antibodies, parietal cell antibodies, as well as for pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, and gastrin‐17 levels.Results:  The prevalence of chronic gastric inflammation and elevated H. pylori antibodies after successful eradication therapy decreased by time, but still after 5 years, 17 of 51 (33%) subjects had elevated H. pylori antibodies and 14 of 68 (21%) had a mild inactive chronic inflammation in gastric mucosa. In patients with and without chronic inflammation in gastric mucosa, elevated H. pylori antibodies were detected in three of 10 (30%) and 14 of 41 (34%), elevated parietal cell antibodies in one of 10 (10%) and six of 41 (15%), low pepsinogen I in one of 10 (10%) and none of 41, and elevated gastrin‐17 in three of 10 (30%) and six of 41 (15%), respectively.Conclusion:  More than 5 years after successful H. pylori eradication therapy, mild persistent chronic inflammation may occur in gastric mucosa in up to one‐fifth and elevated H. pylori antibodies even in one‐third of patients, although these two are independent phenomena.
Phenylphosphonate Transport by Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Ford Justin L. , Gugger Paul A. , Wild S. Bruce , Mendz George L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Helicobacter pylori can utilize phenylphosphonate as a sole source of phosphorus, and it is able to transport the phosphonate N‐phosphonoacetyl‐L‐aspartate. However, H. pylori does not have any genes homologous to those of the known pathways for phosphonate degradation in bacteria, indicating that it must have novel pathways for the transport and metabolism of phosphonates.Methods:  Phenylphosphonate transport by H. pylori was studied in strains LC20, J99 and N6 by the centrifugation through oil method using [14C]‐labeled phenylphosphonate.Results:  The Michaelis constants of transport Kt and Vmax for phenylphosphonate showed similar kinetics in the three strains. The Arrhenius plot for phenylphosphonate transport rates at permeant concentrations of 50 µmol/L was linear over the temperature range 10–40 °C with an activation energy of 3.5 kJ/mol, and a breakpoint between 5 and 10 °C. Transport rates increased with monovalent cation size. The effects of various inhibitors were investigated: iodoacetamide, amiloride, valinomycin, and nigericin reduced the rate of phenylphosphonate transport; sodium azide and sodium cyanide increased the transport rate; and monensin had no effect.Conclusions:  The kinetics and properties of H. pylori phenylphosphonate transport were characterized, and the data suggested a carrier‐mediated transport mechanism.
Neonatal Co‐Infection with Helicobacter Species Markedly Accelerates the Development of Inflammation‐Associated Colonic Neoplasia in IL‐10−/–Mice
Authors: Hale Laura P. , Perera Dinushi , Gottfried Marcia R. , Maggio‐Price Lillian , Srinivasan Sudha , Marchuk Douglas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is hypothesized to represent an aberrant immune response against enteric bacteria that occurs in a genetically susceptible host. Humans and mice with IBD are at markedly increased risk for colonic neoplasia. However, the long lead time required before development of inflammation‐associated colon neoplasia in commonly used murine models of IBD slows the development of effective chemopreventative therapies.Materials and methods:  Neonatal coinfection with Helicobacter typhlonius and Helicobacter rodentium was used to trigger the onset of IBD in mice deficient in the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐10. The severity of colon inflammation and incidence of neoplasia was determined histologically.Results:  IL‐10−/– mice demonstrated early onset, severe colon inflammation following neonatal infection with H. typhlonius and H. rodentium. The incidence of inflammation‐associated colon neoplasia was ~95% at a mean age of 21 ± 2 weeks. Mutation of endoglin, an accessory receptor for TGF‐β, did not affect the severity of IBD or the incidence of neoplasia in this model.Conclusions:  The rapid onset of severe colon inflammation and multiple neoplastic lesions in the colons of IL‐10−/– mice neonatally coinfected with H. typhlonius and H. rodentium makes this model well‐suited for investigating the mechanisms involved in inflammation‐associated colon cancer as well as its chemoprevention.
Rabeprazole‐ versus Esomeprazole‐Based Eradication Regimens for H. pylori Infection
Authors: Wu I‐Chen , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Hsu Ping‐I. , Lu Chien‐Yu , Yu Fang‐Jung , Wang Tsang‐En , Chang Wen‐Hsiung , Chen Jyh‐Jon , Kuo Fu‐Chen , Wu Jeng‐Yih , Wang Wen‐Ming , Bair Ming‐Jong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Different kinds of proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapies could result in different Helicobacter pylori eradication rates.Aim:  The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole‐ and esomeprazole‐based triple therapy in primary treatment of H. pylori infection in Taiwan.Patients and Methods:   From June 2005 to March 2007, 420 H. pylori‐infected patients were randomly assigned to receive a 7‐day eradication therapy with either esomeprazole 40 mg daily (EAC group, n = 209) or rabeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. (RAC group, n = 211) in combination with amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d.. Follow‐up endoscopy with biopsy was done 12–16 weeks after completion of eradication therapy. Those who refused endoscopic exams underwent 13C‐urea breath test to assess the treatment response.Results:  Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed that the eradication rate was 89.4% in the EAC group and 90.5% in RAC groups (p‐value = .72). All of the subjects returned for assessment of compliance (100% in EAC group vs. 99.5% in RAC group, p‐value = .32) and adverse events (3.83% in EAC group vs. 6.16% in RAC group, p‐value = .27). Sixty (28.7%) and 37 (17.6%) patients in EAC and RAC group, respectively, refused endoscopy and underwent a 13C‐urea breath test to determine the treatment effect.Conclusion:  In conclusion, rabeprazole‐ and esomeprazole‐based primary therapies for H. pylori infection are comparable in efficacy and safety.
Peptic Ulcers and Erosions Are Common in Israeli Children Undergoing Upper Endoscopy
Authors: Egbaria Rania , Levine Arie , Tamir Ada , Shaoul Ron 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Peptic ulcers and erosions (PU&E) are thought to be uncommon in children. Patients with early exposure to Helicobacter pylori may be at a higher risk for early onset PU&E. Children in Israel have a high prevalence and early acquisition of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and have easy access to pediatric gastroenterologists and endoscopy. Our aim was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of PU&E in this population referred by Pediatric Gastroenterologists for an upper endoscopy.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective study over the years January 2003–May 2006. Over these years we had information on 751 diagnostic upper endoscopies. PU&E was regarded as erosive gastritis/duodenitis or ulcer in either the stomach or duodenum. H. pylori status was assessed using rapid urease test and gastric biopsies.Results:  PU&E was detected in 169 (22.5%) patients (ulcers 51 (6.8%), erosions 118 (15.7%)). One hundred twenty‐four had gastric PU&E and 58 had duodenal PU&E. H. pylori was positive in 112 (66.3%). H. pylori‐associated PU&E becomes common after age 10 years, with gastric PU&E presenting much earlier than duodenal disease. Most of the H. pylori‐negative PU&E were idiopathic and improved symptomatically on PPI treatment. Interestingly, 43% of patients with PU&E in our cohort were either immigrants from the former Soviet Union or of Israeli Arab origin.Conclusions:  PU&E appears to be common in this selected population with a relatively high incidence of gastric PU&E. H. pylori associated PU&E becomes common after age 10 years with gastric PU&E presenting much earlier than duodenal disease. Non H. pylori PU&E in children comprises approximately a third of all PU&E, are mostly idiopathic and appear earlier than H. pylori associated PU&E.
Evaluation of Nested PCR in Detection of Helicobacter pylori Targeting a Highly Conserved Gene: HSP60
Authors: Singh Varsha , Mishra Shrutkirti , Rao G. R. K. , Jain Ashok Kumar , Dixit V. K. , Gulati Anil Kumar , Mahajan Divya , McClelland Michael , Nath Gopal 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:  To comparatively evaluate a new nested set of primers designed for the detection of Helicobacter pylori targeting a highly conserved heat shock protein gene (Hsp60).Methods:  A total of 60 subjects having peptic ulcer diseases were tested for the detection of H. pylori using rapid urease test (RUT), histology, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in their antral biopsy specimens. A newly designed Hsp60 gene‐based primer set was evaluated against commonly used PCR primers for detection of H. pylori.Results:  Forty‐six of the 60 study subjects were found positive for culture isolation and all the 46 culture‐positive specimens were also positive with Hsp60 gene PCR. Of the 46 culture‐positive specimens, 44 were positive for 16S rRNA gene, ureC gene, RUT, and histology whereas only 29 were positive with ureA gene PCR. Of the 14 culture‐negative subjects, 10 were positive with 16S rRNA gene, 4 were positive with ureC (glmM) gene PCR, and 2 were positive with RUT and 1 was positive on histology.Conclusion:  This study shows that nested amplification targeting Hsp60 gene is the most sensitive and specific with LR+ and LR− values of ∝ and 0, respectively, when compared with the other three PCR methods. Also, HSP60 gene‐specific nested protocol was the most appropriate for detection of H. pylori in clinical specimens. This is particularly valuable because it can be used as a noninvasive method for detecting H. pylori infection in young children and also, in follow‐up studies with peptic ulcer patients, on samples like feces and saliva.
THE WOODLAND‐OAK PLAINS TRANSITION ZONE IN THE SETTLEMENT OF WESTERN UPPER CANADA
Authors: Wood J. David 
Published: September 2010

RÉSUMÉLe peuplement de la zone de transition entre la forit et les chênaies découvertes n'a pas été dicté par l'opportunisme ou la paresse, mais simplement par le bon sens des pionniers qui surent saisir l'importance des avantages de la combinaison forêt‐parc, On ne rencontre pas encore, durant la période de l'occupation de la forét des régions de I'Est, cette répugnance pour les espaces libres qu' éprouveront plus tard les colons de la frange orientale des prairies du mid‐west. Bien que les chênaies découvertes, de dimensions restreintes ou vastes, fussent des phénomènes quelque peu inusités aux yeux des premiers occupants, elles ne suscitaient aucune aversion chez ces derniers. A mesure que des donntes plus détaillées sur l'occupation sélective du territoire du Haut‐Canada deviendront disponibles, on pourra sans doute observer que là oú il existait une zone de transition entre forêt et parc, les colons connaissant le mieux les conditions du milieu nord‐américain choisirent de s'y établir.
CANADA'S ELASTIC SPACE: A PORTRAYAL OF ROUTE AND COST DISTANCES
Authors: Muller Jean‐Claude 
Published: September 2010

Five types of physical and cost distances between fourteen Canadian cities are studied using a non‐Euclidean mapping method based on a generalized Minkowskian distance function formula. Overall, these distances are shown to be anisotropic and non‐linearly related to geographic distances. Except for the rail‐cost distances, the price structure appears to be fairly consistent. A comparison with maps derived by multidimensional scaling also shows that the generalized Minkowski representations are significantly more accurate than Euclidean separations but lack their immediate interpretability.Cinq types de distance physique et distance cou&#x030c;t reliant quatorze villes canadiennes sont étudiés en utilisant une méthode de cartographie non‐euclidienne dérivée à partir d'une fonction minkowskienne généralisée. On montre que les distances sont anisotropiques et dans une relation non‐linéaire avec les distances géographiques. Excepté pour les distances ferroviaires, les prix sont logiquement structurés. Une comparaison avec des cartes construites à partir d'un échelonnage multidimensionel démontre que les représentations minkowskiennes généralisées sont plus précises mais aussi plus difficiles à interpréter que les cartes euclidiennes.
THE AGGREGATED SPATIAL CHOICE MODEL VS. THE MULTINOMIAL LOGIT: AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON USING MIGRATION MICRODATA
Authors: KANAROGLOU PAVLOS S. , FERGUSON MARK R. 
Published: September 2010

Frequently, in spatial interaction analysis, researchers are forced to use destinations that are zonal aggregates of the ‘real’ destinations perceived by the participants in the interaction process. Previous simulation studies demonstrated that, under certain circumstances, the aggregated spatial choice model can outperform the popular ordinary multinomial logit model, both in explanatory power and predictive ability. In this paper, the two models are compared with interprovincial migration microdata for the time period 1990‐91, obtained from the 1991 Canadian census. Since this is not meant to be a migration study, the analysis is limited to out‐migrants from Ontario. The results indicate that, at least with the data used, the multinomial logit model performed reasonably well. The paper, however, highlights some practical advantages that can accrue from the use of the aggregated model.Dans l'analyse de l'interaction à référence spatiale, il arrive fréquemment que les chercheurs soient contraints de se servir de destinations qui regroupent les≪vraies≫destinations perçues par les participants dans le processus d'interaction. Les études en simulations antérieures ont démontré que, dans certaines circonstances, le modèle groupé des choix à référence spatiale peut donner de meilleurs résultats que le modèle ordinaire commun du logit multinomial, sur le plan de la capacité d'explication comma sur celui de la valeur de prévision. Dans la présente étude, on fait la comparaison entre les deux modèles en utilisant les microdonnées sur l'émigration interprovinciale en 1990‐91 obtenues par le recensement de 1991. L'analyse ne porte que sur les émigrants de l'Ontario puisqu'elle ne vise pas particulièrement l'étude de l'émigration. D'après les résultats, le modèle employant le logit multinomial fonctionne relativement bien, au moins avec les données utilisées. Toutefois, l'étude souligne certains avantages pratiques pouvant inciter à se servir davantage du modèle groupé.
ÉVOLUTION DE L'AGRICULTURE MARAÎCHÈRE AU QUÉBEC DE 1940 À 1990: SUPERFICIES, PRODUCTIONS ET DIVERSITÉ
Authors: ANDRÉ PIERRE , HUBERDEAU LUCIE , LAPORTE ISABELLE , PROVENÇAL DENIS , BRYANT CHRISTOPHER , THOUEZ JEAN‐PIERRE , MAAYAR BHAWAN SINGH ET MUSTAPHA EL 
Published: September 2010

Depuis plus d'un siècle, l'agriculture québécoise en général, et la production maraîchère en particulier, ont subi d'importantes transformations. Cette étude historique vise à comprendre comment la production maraîchère a évolué par rapport aux changements dans l'environnement décisionnel général de l'agriculture entre 1940 et 1990. L'analyse des données statiques de superficie, de production et de rendement pour 12 légumes ont permis d'identifier trois périodes, intercalées d'années transitoires, dans l'évolution de la production maraîchère référant chacune à une stratégie agricole particulière. La première (1940–1957) correspond à une stratégie agricole de type familial traditionnel; la seconde (1963–1975), à une agriculture marchande spécialisée fondée sur la maximisation des revenus à court terme par intensification; la troisième (1980–1990), à une agriculture marchande diversifiée fondée également sur une maximisation à court terme. Les facteurs externes de l'environnement décisionnel qui ont entraîné ces changements sont identifiés et discutès.For more than a century, Quebec agriculture in general, and market‐gardening production in particular, have experienced important changes. This study, using a historical perspective, seeks to understand how market gardening evolved in relation to changes in the broad decision environment for agriculture between 1940 and 1990. Statistical analysis of data on the areas cultivated, production levels, and yields for 12 vegetable crops revealed three distinct periods, separated by periods of transition, in the evolution of market gardening. Each period is characterized by a particular type of agricultural development strategy. The first period (1940–1957) is characterized by a focus on the traditional family form; the second (1963–1975), by a specialized market agriculture driven by short‐term income‐maximization intensification; the third (1980–1990), by a diversified marketoriented agriculture, also based on short‐term income maximization. External environmental factors that stimulated these changes are identified and discussed.
A FINE BALANCE? GEOGRAPHY AT THE MILLENNIUM
Authors: WYNN GRAEME 
Published: September 2010

Recognizing that post‐modernism (broadly defined) has had a significant impact upon contemporary geographical practice, this essay considers the claims of its proponents and seeks to weigh the implications of the postmodernist impulse for the subject as a whole. On balance, recent engagements with the ideas of a broad spectrum of important philosophers and critical theorists are seen to have broadened, enlivened, and in some respects enhanced human geography. The impress upon physical geography has been much less consequential. Yet many post‐modernist claims must be met with circumspection. Embraced tout ensemble, they would seem to blinker understanding, limit practical engagement with the world, and imperil the foundations upon which important geographical work has been (and should continue to be) built. In human as well as physical geography, different scales of inquiry favour (even require) different modes of analysis, and a respectful understanding of different scholarly aims and means is essential if Geography is to remain robust well into the new millen nium.Étant donné que le postmodernisme (au sens large) a beaucoup influé sur les pratiques de la géographie contemporaine, cet essai étudie les affirmations de ses partisans et cherche àévaluer les implications du post‐modernisme pour la discipline dans sa totalité. En fin de compte, l'utilisation des idées de toute une gamme de philosophes importants et de théoriciens du post‐modernisme peut être perçue comme ayant élargi et à certains égards amélioré la géographie humaine. L'impact du postmodernisme sur la géographie physique a été beaucoup moins important. Et pourtant, on doit envisager avec beaucoup de prudence les prétentions des partisans du postmodernisme. Si l'on accepte toutes ces théories dans leur ensemble, on risque de mettre en cause notre compréhension du monde et de nuire aux fondements mêmes sur lesquels la recherche en géographie a été (et continuera àêtre) construite. En géographie humaine aussi bien qu'en géographie physique, l'échelle des recherches entreprises implique (et même nécessite) l'utilisation de différentes méthodes d'analyse. Une compréhension respectueuse des différents objectifs et méthodes des chercheurs en géographie est essentielle, si nous voulons que la géographie en tant que discipline maintienne sa vigueur au‐delà du seuil du nouveau millénaire.
Trials and tribulations of the Canadian fruit‐growing industry
Authors: (1927–1999) RALPH KRUEGER 
Published: September 2010

The paper gives a comparative and historical assessment of climatic and economic hazards in the five main fruit‐growing areas of Canada, and how the industry has responded. The northern location of fruit growing in Canada poses a number of climatic hazards. The most serious hazard is winter low‐temperature injury to trees and vines, which results in a capital loss and crop loss for up to five years. The industry has responded to this hazard by abandoning fruit growing in areas with unfavourable climatic conditions and concentrating in areas with the most favourable climatic conditions. Other responses include changing to hardier varieties, improving management practices, and government subsidies. The fruit‐growing industry has also had to face many economic hazards, including changes in technology and consumer preferences, changes in international trade rules, increased foreign competition, a cost‐price squeeze, and urbanization of the industry's land base. These economic hazards area a greater threat to the industry than the natural hazards because, in most cases, there are limited coping mechanisms available to growers, and economic globalization is preventing the federal and provincial governments from providing an adequate safety net.L'article nous présente une évaluation comparative et historique des risques climatiques et économiques des cinq principales régions agricoles du Canada, ainsi que les réactions de cet industrie face à ceux‐ci. La situation géographique nordique des champs de fruits au Canada amène un certain nombre de risques climatiques. Les basses températures de la saison hivernale causent le plus de dommages aux arbres et aux vignes, ce qui se traduit en une perte de capitaux et une perte de récoltes allant jusqu'à cinq ans. La réaction de l'industrie de l'agriculture face à ces risques fût d'abandonner les endroits dont les conditions climatiques ne favorisaient pas la récolte de fruits. II a aussi été question d'utiliser des variétés plus résistantes au froid, d'améliorer les pratiques de management, et les subventions gouvernementales. L'industrie de la culture de fruits a aussi fait face à des risques économiques, incluant les changements technologiques et les préférences alimentaires des consommateurs, les changements au niveau des règles d'échanges internationaux, la compétition croissante au niveau international, une réduction du prix‐coûtant, et l'urbanisation des terres agricoles. Ces risques économiques représentent un plus grand danger pour l'industrie que les risques naturels puisque, dans la plupart des cas, les agriculteurs se retrouvent avec des moyens de rechange limités et la mondialisation économique empêche les gouvernements fédéral et provincial de fournir des mesures de sécurité adéquates.