bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of nocturia in the quality of life of men with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Van Dijk Marleen M. , Wijkstra Hessel , Debruyne Frans M. , De La Rosette Jean J.M.C.H. , Michel Martin C. 
Published: October 2009

Study Type – Symptom prevalence (retrospective cohort) Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVESTo determine the role of treatment‐associated improvement in nocturia in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and secondarily to confirm the role of nocturia in HRQL at baseline and to compare the effects of watchful waiting, transurethral microwave treatment (TUMT) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to those of α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists (α‐blockers) on nocturia.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively analysed using multiple regression a large single‐centre database of patients receiving routine care for treatment‐associated alterations of symptoms and HRQL (assessed at baseline, 2611 men) and 6–12 months after initiation of treatment (1258 men).RESULTSAmong the symptoms assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score, nocturia (together with urgency and weak stream) had the strongest correlation with HRQL at baseline and after treatment. Watchful waiting, α‐blockers, TUMT and TURP reduced nocturia episodes by a mean (sd) of 7 (53)%, 17 (40)%, 32 (47)% and 75 (23)%, respectively. The treatment‐associated improvements in nocturia (together with those of weak stream) had the strongest association with those of HRQL.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that among all LUTS assessed in the IPSS, nocturia has one of the strongest associations with HRQL, and that treatment‐associated improvements in nocturia contribute considerably to overall improvements in HRQL.
The 12‐year symptomatic outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction compared to the urodynamic findings before surgery
Authors: Masumori Naoya , Furuya Ryoji , Tanaka Yoshinori , Furuya Seiji , Ogura Hiroshi , Tsukamoto Taiji 
Published: October 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo investigate whether bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), detrusor underactivity (DUA) and detrusor overactivity (DO) affect the long‐term outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for patients having lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction.PATIENTS AND METHODSOf 92 patients who had TURP after a urodynamic study between 1995 and 1997, 43 (47%) were alive at the time of the survey in February 2008. Nine patients were excluded because of prostate cancer, neurological diseases and the impossibility of symptomatic examination. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality‐of‐life (QoL) index were determined at baseline, 3 months, 3, 7 and 12 years after surgery for 34 patients.RESULTSAlthough the improved IPSS and QoL index at 3 months gradually deteriorated with time, patients at 12 years were still significantly better than those at baseline. The IPSS in patients without BOO deteriorated faster than in those with it, whereas neither DUA nor DO influenced the slope of change in IPSS. Regardless of the preoperative urodynamic findings, the QoL index remained improved for 12 years. Two‐thirds of patients with DUA but not BOO were satisfied with their urinary condition at 12 years.CONCLUSIONThe symptomatic improvement provided by TURP lasts for >10 years, although there is a gradual deterioration with time. The QoL index remained improved for 12 years regardless of the preoperative urodynamic findings.
Development and validation of an Arabic version of the International Prostate Symptom Score
Authors: Hammad Fayez T. , Kaya Mohammed A. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVETo develop and validate an Arabic version of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODSAn Arabic version of the IPSS (IPSS‐Arb) was developed through a series of translations and modifications which involved the authors, urology and non‐urology medical and nursing staff. The validity and reliability were assessed in 76 patients with urinary symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and in 63 control subjects without BPH; 25 patients had transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) whereas the remaining 51 patients were treated with terazosin. The reliability of the IPSS‐Arb was assessed by determining the internal consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficient) and by assessing the test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC). Construct validity was assessed by determining the correlation between the IPSS‐Arb scores and the quality‐of‐life question (QoL‐Arb), and by determining the ability of the IPSS‐Arb to discriminate between the patients and controls by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.RESULTSThe Cronbach’s α coefficient (internal consistency) for the IPSS‐Arb was 0.85, and 0.78–0.88 for the individual items. The test‐retest reliability (ICC) was 0.88 (P < 0.001). In addition, the IPSS‐Arb had a high correlation with the QoL‐Arb (Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0.82, P = 0.01). The mean (sem, 95% confidence interval) area under the ROC curve for the IPSS‐Arb was 0.93 (0.09, 0.89–0.97), whereas the area for its individual questions was 0.79–0.90. The IPSS‐Arb also showed a high sensitivity to change. The mean (sd) IPSS‐Arb scores before and after TURP were 23.1 (6.4) and 6.9 (1.8), respectively (P < 0.001); in the terazosin group, the scores were 12.6 (7.4) and 8.2 (4.0), respectively (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe IPSS‐Arb was shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for patients with BPH. We recommend using it for patient assessment and follow‐up, and as a research tool in Arabic‐speaking patients both in the Middle East and worldwide. In addition, this study provided another proof of the wide suitability of the IPSS among various nations worldwide.
The effect of nitric oxide on adherence of P‐fimbriated uropathogenic Escherichia coli to human renal epithelial cells
Authors: Svensson Lovisa , Säve Susanne , Persson Katarina 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVESTo examine the effect of nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous component of the host defence in urinary tract infection, on the adherence of P‐fimbriated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to human renal epithelial cells.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo wild‐type UPEC strains (AD110 and IA2) and the P‐fimbriated recombinant strain HB101pPIL‐75 were used. Bacteria were allowed to adhere to the human renal epithelial cell line A498 and attachment was evaluated in the absence or presence of the NO donor DETA/NONOate (1 mm). Total RNA was extracted from NO‐exposed bacteria in static urine cultures, followed by semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis of the papG gene that encodes the P‐fimbriae adhesin PapG.RESULTSBacterial adherence to A498 cells was fimbriae‐dependent and the ability to agglutinate human P1 positive erythrocytes confirmed that the used strains were P‐fimbriated. UPEC strains AD110 and IA2 attached by a mean of 8 bacteria/cell and 20 bacteria/cell, respectively. In the presence of DETA/NONOate, the attachment of AD110 and IA2 to A498 cells was significantly reduced by a mean (sem) of 34 (3.9)% and 45 (14)%, respectively. The expression of papG was decreased after DETA/NONOate exposure as shown by semiquantitative RT‐PCR.CONCLUSIONNO disrupted functional adhesion of P‐fimbriated UPEC to kidney epithelial cells, suggesting that NO‐production from epithelial cells in the urinary tract may limit bacterial colonization at the mucosal surface. The reduced adherence may involve transcriptional effects of NO on papG expression, but further studies are needed to establish the underlying mechanisms.
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of the efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline in early chronic Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Safarinejad Mohammad Reza , Asgari Majid Ali , Hosseini Seyyed Yousof , Dadkhah Farid 
Published: October 2009

Study Type – Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1bOBJECTIVETo analyse the safety and efficacy of pentoxifylline sustained‐release (PTX‐SR) treatment in patients with early chronic Peyronie’s disease (PD).PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 228 patients with a mean (sd) age of 51 (9) years who had early chronic PD were randomized to receive 400 mg PTX‐SR (Apo‐Pentoxifylline, Apotex Inc., Toronto, Canada) twice daily (group 1, 114) or similar regimen of placebo (group 2, 114) for 6 months. A medical history was taken and the men had a complete physical examination. The following variables were assessed before and after therapy: penile curvature and penile artery spectral traces (end‐diastolic velocity, EDV, peak systolic velocity, PSV, and resistivity index, RI, of the right and left cavernous arteries assessed with dynamic penile duplex ultrasonography), plaque characteristics (assessed by penile X‐ray and penile ultrasonography), pain (assessed by visual analogue scale), erectile function (assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function, IIEF questionnaire), treatment satisfaction (assessed by Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction questionnaire), and side‐effects. Patient perception of penile curvature and plaque size, and mean weekly intercourse attempts were also assessed.RESULTSOverall, 36.9% of patients who received PTX‐SR reported a positive response, vs only 4.5% in the placebo group. Of patients in PTX‐SR group, 12 (11%) had disease progression, vs 46 (42%) in placebo group (P = 0.01). Improvement in penile curvature (P = 0.01), and plaque volume (P = 0.001) was significantly greater in patients treated with PTX‐SR than placebo. The increase in IIEF total score was significantly higher in the PTX‐SR group (P = 0.02). Mean PSV changes after therapy compared to baseline were statistically significant between PTX‐SR (right, +11.4%, left, +11.7%) and placebo‐treated (+0.2% and −4.2%, respectively) patients (both P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSPTX‐R was moderately effective in reducing penile curvature and plaque volume in patients with early chronic PD. Further studies with different treatment regimens are needed to better elucidate the beneficial effects of PTX‐SR in PD.
The Meaning of ‘Most’: Semantics, Numerosity and Psychology
Authors: PIETROSKI PAUL , LIDZ JEFFREY , HUNTER TIM , HALBERDA JUSTIN 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:The meaning of ‘most’ can be described in many ways. We offer a framework for distinguishing semantic descriptions, interpreted as psychological hypotheses that go beyond claims about sentential truth conditions, and an experiment that tells against an attractive idea: ‘most’ is understood in terms of one‐to‐one correspondence. Adults evaluated ‘Most of the dots are yellow’, as true or false, on many trials in which yellow dots and blue dots were displayed for 200 ms. Displays manipulated the ease of using a ‘one‐to‐one with remainder’ strategy, and a strategy of using the Approximate Number System to compare of (approximations of) cardinalities. Interpreting such data requires care in thinking about how meaning is related to verification. But the results suggest that ‘most’ is understood in terms of cardinality comparison, even when counting is impossible.
The Vernacular Concept of Innateness
Authors: GRIFFITHS PAUL , MACHERY EDOUARD , LINQUIST STEFAN 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:The proposal that the concept of innateness expresses a ‘folk biological’ theory of the ‘inner natures' of organisms was tested by examining the response of biologically naive participants to a series of realistic scenarios concerning the development of birdsong. Our results explain the intuitive appeal of existing philosophical analyses of the innateness concept. They simultaneously explain why these analyses are subject to compelling counterexamples. We argue that this explanation undermines the appeal of these analyses, whether understood as analyses of the vernacular concept or as explications of that concept for the purposes of science.
Which is more critical in identification of random figures, endpoints or closures?1
Authors: KANBE FUMIO 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe present study intended to examine the criticality of the presence of endpoints and its complementary state, the presence of closures, in early figural identification. Three experiments used a same/different judgment task for simultaneously presented pairs of random figures. Rigorous control over the selections of stimulus figures containing closures and endpoints was ensured. Latencies predicted by six explanations of figural identification (i.e. parallel and the presence of endpoint detection; parallel and closure detection; serial, exhaustive and endpoint detection; serial, exhaustive and closure detection; serial, self‐terminating and endpoint detection; and serial, self‐terminating and closure detection) were evaluated by the obtained patterns of latencies. The experiments persistently indicated that serial, self‐terminating feature detections were executed as the means of the identification. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that closures were detected faster than endpoints. Experiment 3 further suggested that multiple closures were detected faster than a single closure.
Nine‐ to 11‐month‐old infants' reasoning about causality in anomalous human movements1
Authors: KOSUGI DAISUKE , ISHIDA HIRAKU , MURAI CHIZUKO , FUJITA KAZUO 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo habituation experiments investigated 9–11‐month‐old infants' reasoning about causality in anomalous human movements. During habituation, infants saw an event in which a person walked toward a stationary person behind an occluder who fell down after an interval. Then, the infants were tested with two events without the occluder: the contact event in which the first person pushed the second one to fall down and the no‐contact event in which the second person fell down without any contact. In Experiment 1, in which the persons were face‐to‐back, infants looked at the no‐contact event for a longer time, whereas in Experiment 2, in which the persons were face‐to‐face, they looked at both the events for equal duration. Thus, infants considered it unnatural when a person fell down without external force in the absence of any action from a distance (e.g. communication). Infants seem to apply the physical contact principles to human movements in certain cases.
Perceived certainty based on verbal probability phrases: Effect of directionality and its dependence on method
Authors: HONDA HIDEHITO , YAMAGISHI KIMIHIKO 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVerbal probability phrases (e.g. “possible” or “doubtful”) have a feature called “directionality” (Teigen & Brun, 1995), which focuses listeners on event occurrence or nonoccurrence. We conducted an experiment about certainty estimations based on verbal probabilities in order to examine the effect of directionality on perceived certainty. In measuring perceived certainty, we used scale‐based method involving responses with a scale (e.g. 101 points' scale, 0 = unlikely to 100 = likely) and numerical method involving responses such as “50%.” We found that, although the effect of directionality on perceived certainty was observed in using the scale‐based method, the effect disappeared when the numerical method was used. We discuss these results from two types of information processing (intuitive, associative processing and deliberate, rule‐based processing).
Mean recovery rate: A simple measure of recovery uncontaminated by the carryover effect
Authors: SAWADA YUKIHIRO , KATO YUICHI 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAssessment of recovery is important for the investigation of stress but has been compounded by difficulties, in particular contamination by the carryover effect. In the present study, the mean recovery rate (MRR) was used in order to overcome this difficulty. First, the validity of the MRR was demonstrated theoretically. Second, it was demonstrated experimentally, when a comparison was made with the validity of the mean recovery per se. In the experiment, data on beat‐by‐beat systolic blood pressure, obtained from 18 participants before, during, and after mental arithmetic, were used as a typical sample. The implications of these results for the understanding of recovery measures are discussed.
Meta‐stereotype as an indicator of intergroup attitude: How Japanese perceive they are viewed by Koreans
Authors: KIM JIYOON , OE TOMOKO 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMeta‐stereotype refers to individuals' predictions about how their group is viewed by an outgroup rather than their own impressions about the outgroup (i.e. other‐stereotype). We posited that, because of their inferential nature, meta‐stereotypes can be affected by evaluational aspects, and that being liked or disliked can evoke reciprocal feelings toward the outgroup. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether meta‐stereotypes are predictive of implicitly measured attitudes toward an outgroup by focusing on the Japanese meta‐stereotype of Koreans. Japanese participants answered questions about their meta‐ and other‐stereotype of Koreans and completed the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to assess their attitudes toward Koreans relative to their ingroup. The results indicated that meta‐stereotypes, particularly those for negative items, were related to the IAT‐assessed relative attitudes toward the outgroup, whereas other‐stereotypes were not. The indicative aspects of meta‐stereotypes with respect to attitudes toward outgroups are discussed.
Effect of Gene‐environment Interactions on Mental Development in African American, Dominican, and Caucasian Mothers and Newborns
Authors: Wang Shuang , Chanock Stephen , Tang Deliang , Li Zhigang , Edwards Susan , Jedrychowski Wieslaw , Perera Frederica P. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe health impact of environmental toxins has gained increasing recognition over the years. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are known to affect nervous system development in children, but no studies have investigated how polymorphisms in PAH metabolic genes affect child cognitive development following PAH exposure during pregnancy. In two parallel prospective cohort studies of non‐smoking African American and Dominican mothers and children in New York City and of Caucasian mothers and children in Krakow, Poland, we explored the effect of gene‐PAH interaction on child mental development index (MDI). Genes known to play important roles in the metabolic activation or detoxification of PAHs were selected. Genetic variations in these genes could influence susceptibility to adverse effects of PAHs in polluted air. We explored the effects of interactions between prenatal PAH exposure and 21 polymorphisms or haplotypes in these genes on MDI at 12, 24, and 36 months among 547 newborns and 806 mothers from three different ethnic groups. Significant interaction effects between haplotypes and PAHs were observed in mothers and their newborns in all three ethnic groups after Bonferroni correction. The strongest and most consistent effect observed was between PAH and haplotype ACCGGC of the CYP1B1 gene.
Comparative predictive validity of the Harris Infant Neuromotor Test and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale
Authors: HARRIS SUSAN R , BACKMAN CATHERINE L , MAYSON TANJA A 
Published: October 2009

Aim  We compared abilities of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT), during the infant’s first year, in predicting scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) at age 2 and 3 years.Method  This prospective study involved 144 infants (71 females, 73 males), assessed with the HINT and AIMS at 4 to 6.5 and 10 to 12.5 months and with the BSID at 2 and 3 years. Inclusion criteria for typical infants (n=58) were the following: 38 to 42 weeks’ gestation, birthweight at least 2500g, and no congenital anomaly, postnatal health concern, nor major prenatal or perinatal maternal risk factor. For at‐risk infants (n=86), inclusion criteria were any of the following: less than 38 weeks’ gestation, birthweight less than 2500g, maternal age older than 35 years or younger than 19 years at infant birth, maternal psychiatric/mental health concerns, prenatal drug/alcohol exposure, multiple births, or use of reproductive technology.Results  For the overall sample, the early (4–6.5mo) HINT had higher predictive correlations than the AIMS for 2‐year BSID‐II motor outcomes (r=−0.36 vs 0.26), and 3‐year BSID‐III gross motor outcomes (r=−0.45 vs 0.31), as did the 10‐ to 12.5‐month HINT (r=−0.55 vs 0.47). Correlations were identical for 10‐ to 12.5‐month HINT and AIMS scores and 3‐year BSID‐III gross motor (r=−0.58 and 0.58) and fine motor (r=−0.35 and 0.35) subscales. When the sample was divided into typical and at‐risk groups, predictive correlations were consistently stronger for the at‐risk infants. Categorical predictive analyses were reasonably similar across both tests.Interpretation  Results suggest that the HINT has comparable predictive validity to the AIMS and should be considered for use in clinical and research settings.
Photoperiodic regulation of retinoic acid signaling in the hypothalamus
Authors: Shearer Kirsty D. , Goodman Timothy H. , Ross Alexander W. , Reilly Laura , Morgan Peter J. , McCaffery Peter J. 
Published: October 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 246–257.AbstractBoth retinoic acid (RA) and thyroid hormone (TH) regulate transcription via specific nuclear receptors. TH regulates hypothalamic homeostasis and active T3 is generated by deiodinase enzymes in tanycytes surrounding the third ventricle. However, RA has not been previously considered in such a role. Data presented here highlights novel parallels between the TH and RA synthetic pathways in the hypothalamus implying that RA also acts to regulate hypothalamic gene expression and function. Key elements of the RA cellular signaling pathway were shown to be regulated in the rodent hypothalamus. Retinoid synthetic enzymes and the retinol transport protein Stra6 were located in the cells lining the third ventricle allowing synthesis of RA from retinol present in the CNS to act via RA receptors and retinoid X receptors in the hypothalamus. Photoperiod manipulation was shown to alter the expression of synthetic enzymes and receptors with lengthening of photoperiod leading to enhanced RA signaling. In vitro RA can regulate the hypothalamic neuroendocrine peptide adrenocorticotrophic hormone. This work presents the new concept of controlled RA synthesis by hypothalamic tanycytes giving rise to possible involvement of this system in endocrine, and possibly vitamin A, homeostasis.