bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preteen Attitudes about Smoking and Parental Factors Associated with Favorable Attitudes
Authors: Bush Terry , Curry Susan J. , Hollis Jack , Grothaus Louis , Ludman Evette , McAfee Tim , Polen Michael , Oliver Malia 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To describe youth smoking-related attitudes and evaluate the effects of parental factors on child adoption of positive attitudes about smoking. Design. This study used baseline and 20-month data from a family-based smoking-prevention study (82.9% completed both surveys). Setting. Telephone recruitment from two health maintenance organizations. Subjects. Children aged 10 to 12 years and one parent of each child (n = 418 families) were randomly assigned to a frequent assessment cohort (12.5% of participants). Intervention. Families received a mailed smoking-prevention packet (parent handbook, videotape about youth smoking, comic book, pen, and stickers), outreach telephone counselor calls to the parent, a newsletter, and medical record prompts for providers to deliver smoking-prevention messages to parents and children. Measures. Demographics, tobacco status, attitudes about smoking (Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey), family discussions about tobacco, family cohesiveness (family support and togetherness), parent involvement, parent monitoring, and parenting confidence. Results. One-third of the children endorsed beliefs that they could smoke without becoming addicted, and 8% to 10% endorsed beliefs on the benefits of smoking. Children's positive attitudes about smoking were associated with lower family cohesiveness (p = .01). Parental use of tobacco was the only significant predictor of children's positive attitudes about tobacco at 20 months (p = .03). Conclusions. Children as young as 10 years underestimate addictive properties of smoking, which may place them at risk for future smoking. Parental use of tobacco and family cohesiveness are important factors in the formulation of preteen attitudes about smoking.
Statewide Intervention to Reduce Television Viewing in WIC Clients and Staff
Authors: Johnson Donna B. , Birkett Diana , Evens Carina , Pickering Sheryl 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To evaluate a statewide campaign that was designed to reduce television viewing by clients and staff of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Television reduction is frequently recommended as a strategy for preventing pediatric overweight. Methods. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 10,445 clients and staff who attended clinics during a 3-week period before the intervention and 9188 clients and staff who attended clinics after the intervention. Chi-square tests were used to compare the proportion of WIC clients watching television 2 or 3 hours per day before and after the intervention. Within the context of WIC, which is a large and complex public health program, it was not possible to measure individual exposures or response rates. Results. At baseline, 64.2% of WIC clients reported watching 2 or less hours of television per day. After the intervention, 70.5% limited television viewing to this recommended level. Conclusions. It is feasible to deliver television-reduction messages in large public health programs.
Efficacy of an E-Mail Intervention for the Promotion of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behavior in the Workplace Context
Authors: Plotnikoff Ronald C. , McCargar Linda J. , Wilson Philip M. , Loucaides Constantinos A. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a 12-week workplace e-mail intervention designed to promote physical activity and nutrition behavior. Design. A pre- and post-test design was conducted to compare the effects of e-mail messages between intervention and control groups. Setting. Five large workplaces in Alberta, Canada. Subjects. Employees with access to a personal e-mail address (N = 2121) were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 1566) or a control group (n = 555). Intervention. Physical activity and nutrition messages were based on social-cognitive theories. The intervention group received one physical activity and one parallel nutrition message per week for 12 weeks. The control group received no weekly messages. Measures. Each participant completed self-report measures of physical activity and nutrition related to knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors 1 week before (time 1) and 1 week after (time 2) the intervention. Results. The intervention group was more efficacious at time 2 on measures of self-efficacy, pros, cons, intentions, and behavior related to physical activity. This group also reported more favorable changes in practicing healthy eating, balancing food intake with activity level, cooking meals with techniques to reduce fat, and avoiding eating high-fat foods. Effect sizes for all significant differences were small. Conclusion. E-mail is a promising mode of delivery for promoting physical activity and nutrition in the workplace. Further theoretically driven studies are needed.
A ontologia do ato de avaliar
Authors: Zanardini João Batista 
Published: November 2011

Este artigo problematiza os resultados educacionais apresentados quer por instrumentos nacionais de avaliação, quer por internacionais, os quais remetem a um suposto anacronismo da escola. De forma agregada à publicização desses resultados vem à tona a afirmação acerca da ineficiência da escola em garantir condições satisfatórias de ensino e aprendizagem dos conteúdos, atitudes e habilidades tidas como necessárias ao bom funcionamento da sociedade. O artigo retoma os pressupostos ontológicos que embasam este processo de “mudança na permanência” que engloba as reformas do aparelho do Estado, com a imposição do Estado avaliador, e o recrudescimento da relevância dos mecanismos de avaliação educacional em larga escala, sobretudo a partir de 1990. Discute os pressupostos ontológicos do processo de avaliação como constituintes do trabalho, bem como a caracterização ontológica atribuída a estes processos pela classe dominante, concluindo que se tratam de caracterizações de intencionalidades distintas, partem de projetos sociais distintos, e, portanto, têm em vista modelos de homem distintos.
Combined Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Grid Laser Photocoagulation for Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Donati Simone , Barosi Paolo , Bianchi Marco , Oum Muna Al , Azzolini Claudio 
Published: November 2011

Purpose To evaluate long-term efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) versus combined IVB and macular grid laser photocoagulation for the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods In this prospective study, 18 eyes were randomized into 2 groups according to treatment: Group 1 (9 eyes) underwent IVB at baseline, at month 1, and at month 2; Group 2 (9 eyes) underwent same IVB protocol combined with macular grid laser photocoagulation. Macular edema and visual acuity represented the endpoints of the study. IVB reinjections were performed in both groups if recurrent macular edema was diagnosed. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography examination as well as visual acuity examination were performed during follow-up. Statistical evaluation was performed for a matched-pair analysis. Results In Group 1, median baseline central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 420 μm (95% confidence interval 355.6-484.4) to 323 μm (261.44-384.56) at month 12 (p=0.06); median baseline BCVA improved from 0.7 logMAR (0.54-0.86) to 0.4 logMAR (0.29-0.51) at month 12 (p<0.01). In Group 2, baseline CRT decreased from 386 μm (353.91-418.09) to 238 μm (200.58-275.42) at month 12 (p<0.01); median BCVA improved from 0.6 logMAR (0.45-0.75) to 0.2 logMAR (0.12-0.28) at month 12 (p<0.01). A statistically significant difference (p=0.03) was found regarding the median number of injections (Group 1: 4±1.1; Group 2: 3±0.4). Conclusions Both treatment modalities appeared effective to control BRVO-induced macular edema. In the combined-treatment Group, we observed a lower number of reinjections during follow-up, suggesting the efficacy of grid laser photocoagulation to reduce the number of intravitreal injections and maintain short- and long-term results of the therapy.
A Classification-System Improves the Intra- and Interobserver Reliability of Radiographic Diagnosis of “Pistol-Grip-Deformity”
Authors: Ipach Ingmar , Arlt Eva-Maria , Mittag Falk , Kunze Beate , Wolf Petra , Kluba Torsten 
Published: November 2011

Early detection of pistol-grip-deformity may be beneficial in optimising the outcome and the cost effectiveness of surgery. It is important to identify reliable radiographic parameters in assessing femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) to develop a treatment algorithm. Radiographs of 47 patients ranging from “pistol grip deformity” to a normal head-neck-junction were measured for alpha angle and head ratio, and then classified by two different observers. The Bland-Altman plot was used for inter- and intraobserver agreement of alpha angle and head ratio. Inter- and intraobserver agreement for classification of “pistol grip deformity” was determined using weighted Cohen's kappa coefficient. Observer I achieved a kappa coefficient of 0.97. Observer II achieved a kappa coefficient of 0.92. An interobserver kappa coefficient between 0.87 and 0.92 was achieved by using a classification system. By testing for interobserver agreement, a bias of –0.004 with an upper limit of 0.461 and a lower limit of –0.47 was seen for the ratio and a bias of –3.7 with an upper limit of 17.2 and a lower limit of –24.6 for the alpha angle. Therefore, poor results were seen for intra- and interobserver reliability by using only a single plane for classification of “pistol grip deformity”. The strength of agreement could be improved by using a classification system (based on two planes).
Hammering Sound Frequency Analysis and Prevention of Intraoperative Periprosthetic Fractures during Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sakai Rina , Kikuchi Aki , Morita Towa , Takahira Naonobu , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Yamamoto Takeaki , Moriya Mistutoshi , Uchida Kentaro , Fukushima Kensuke , Tanaka Kensei , Takaso Masashi , Itoman Moritoshi , Mabuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2011

Adequate fixation at the time of cementless stem implantation depends on the operator's experience. An objective evaluation method to determine whether the stem has been appropriately implanted may be helpful. We studied the relationship between the hammering sound frequency during stem implantation and internal stress in a femoral model, and evaluated the possible usefulness of hammering sound frequency analysis for preventing intraoperative fracture. Three types of cementless stem (BiCONTACT®, SL-PLUS®, and AI-Hip®) were used. Surgeons performed stem insertion using a procedure similar to that employed in a routine operation. Stress was estimated by finite element analysis, the hammering force was measured, and frequency analysis of hammering sound data obtained using a microphone. Finite element analysis showed a decrease in the hammering sound frequency with an increase in the estimated maximum stress. When a decrease in frequency was observed, adequate hammering had occurred, and the continuation of hammering risked fracture. Based on the relationship between stress and frequency, the evaluation of changes in frequency may be useful for preventing the development of intraoperative fractures. Using our method, when a decrease in frequency is observed, the hammering force should be reduced. Hammering sound frequency analysis may allow the prediction of bone fractures that can be visually confirmed, and may be a useful objective evaluation method for the prevention of intraoperative periprosthetic fractures during stem insertion.
Recovery after Hip Fractures: Influence of Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty on Physical Disability and Social Dependency in the Elderly
Authors: Schneppendahl Johannes , Betsch Marcel , Petrov Vanco , Böttner Friedrich , Thelen Simon , Grassmann Jan-Peter , Hakimi Mohssen , Windolf Joachim , Wild Michael 
Published: November 2011

Surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures is associated with a significant impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term influence of displaced femoral neck fractures treated by bipolar hemiarthroplasty on the activities of daily living, quality of life and social dependency. We studied 487 geriatric patients treated in the years 1989 to 2003. At the beginning of follow-up in 2004, 166 patients were alive and evaluation was carried out on 145 patients (87.3%) at 91.3 (14 - 244) months postoperatively by a standardized questionnaire. All enrolled patients had been treated with cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for a displaced femoral neck fracture. Patients were evaluated concerning their average pre- and postoperative ability to walk, the need for assisting devices, type of residency and the SF-12® Score. Femoral neck fracture and hemiarthroplasty had a significant influence on all recorded aspects of quality of life. Even though almost two thirds of the patients needed assisting devices to walk after surgery, about two thirds returned to their original type of accommodation and the majority reached their original degree of mobility. Compared to a normal population no significant impact was observed on the quality of life measured by the SF-12® score. We consider bipolar hemiarthroplasty an effective treatment option for displaced femoral neck fractures in geriatric patients. Most patients returned to their original type of accommodation and level of mobility, even though the majority required a number of assisting devices to do so.
Gaucher Disease: Outcome following Total Hip Replacements and Effect of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in a Cohort of Uk Patients
Authors: Donaldson James , Khan Wasim S. , Tailor Hiteshkumar , Hughes Derralynn A. , Mehta Atul B. , Maruthainar Nimalan 
Published: November 2011

Only a limited number of reports of total hip replacements (THRs) in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) have been published, with the majority showing high rates of early aseptic loosening as well as an increased number of peri-operative complications. We present a series of twelve THRs in nine affected patients, with a mean age of 39 years at the time of surgery (median 37 years; range 27–60 years). We examine the medium- to long-term results and present the outcome scores, survival, and assess the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Four hips (33.3%) required revision for aseptic loosening at a mean time of 11.5 years. There was no significant difference in survival between the group on ERT at the time of surgery and group not on ERT. Those on ERT did, however, have fewer peri-operative complications and there was a trend to better outcome scores. Five of the 12 THRs were performed when the diagnosis of GD was unknown and all of these had early complications. Our results show better survival of THRs in patients with GD than previously thought. The use of ERT pre-operatively did not have an effect on survival, nor outcome scores, but did reduce the peri-operative complication rate. Those not on ERT at the time of surgery were commenced on it at some point in their treatment (at an average of 8.6 years following THR) and we believe the use of ERT, at any time in the treatment, could have contributed to the improved survival seen in our series compared to historical results in the literature.
Natalie Wood
Authors: Lucia Cynthia 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

A 1963
Look
magazine article asks about 24‐year‐old actress Natalie Wood, “How long does it take to grow up in the movies?” Born in 1938, Wood was raised and schooled mostly on studio lots, having worked steadily in film from the age of six. She made a successful transition from child actor to teenage idol in 1955, opposite James Dean in
Rebel Without a Cause
, and came of age as an adult star in the early 1960s, just as the system (as it had existed in the previous three decades) had all but vanished. If not
the
very last star to emerge from the studio system, Wood was certainly the last to have done so as a child of the system. The title of the article, “Natalie Wood: Child of Change” (
Look
1963, 91), succinctly establishes two qualities that were crucial to defining the star: Natalie‐as‐child would never completely fade from her adult star image — whether in Hollywood publicity or in the press — and “change” would become a lingering part of that image. A third defining quality — her Russian heritage — would find frequent though less consistent expression in press accounts and indirect expression in several roles that defined her as ethnically or racially “other.”
The Actors Studio in the Early Cold War
Authors: Baron Cynthia , Warren Beckett 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Actors Studio has come to be identified as “the home of the American Method,” which is often seen not “merely as an approach [or] the locus of American acting since the late forties [but also] the goal toward which serious American acting was striving” (Vineberg 1991, 1, 20). In many accounts of film acting, the formation of the Actors Studio is described as a watershed, with productions emblematic of nineteenth‐century theatrical realism and work by the Group Theatre in the 1930s framed as developments that led toward the kind of modern American acting that finally became fully realized because of acting techniques formulated by Lee Strasberg. However, in theater and performance studies, it is well known that actor training “did not begin and end with Lee Strasberg, the Method, and Marlon Brando” (Watson 2001, 61, 70) and that practitioners have been rejecting the “domination of the Method” since the 1960s, to the point that in universities and professional schools “Method acting has fallen out of favor” (Krasner 2000, 6).
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation on Hierarchically Micro/Nano‐Structured Titanium Substrates
Authors: Chen Xiuyong , Cai Kaiyong , Lai Min , Zhao Li , Tang Liling 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSurface topography of a biomaterial plays an essential role in the regulation of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. To investigate the influence of hierarchically micro/nano‐structured substrates on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a series of micro‐, nano‐, and micro/nano‐structured titanium substrates were fabricated via dual acid etching and/or anodic oxidation. The morphologies of titanium substrates were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and contact angle measurement, respectively. The differentiation of MSCs adhered to different substrates was investigated in vitro. Compared to native titanium, micro/nano‐structured titanium substrates improved the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production and mineralization of MSCs. More importantly, micro/nano‐structured titanium substrates demonstrated great potential to induce the differentiation of MSCs, which was revealed by the expressions of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN). The study provides a potential alternative to generate hierarchically micro/nano‐structured titanium‐based implant for enhanced osseointegration.
Organic Mixed‐Valence Compounds: A Playground for Electrons and Holes
Authors: Heckmann Alexander , Lambert Christoph 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMixed‐valence (MV) compounds are excellent model systems for the investigation of basic electron‐transfer (ET) or charge‐transfer (CT) phenomena. These issues are important in complex biophysical processes such as photosynthesis as well as in artificial electronic devices that are based on organic conjugated materials. Organic MV compounds are effective hole‐transporting materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), solar cells, and photochromic windows. However, the importance of organic mixed‐valence chemistry should not be seen in terms of the direct applicability of these species but the wealth of knowledge about ET phenomena that has been gained through their study. The great variety of organic redox centers and spacer moieties that may be combined in MV systems as well as the ongoing refinement of ET theories and methods of investigation prompted enormous interest in organic MV compounds in the last decades and show the huge potential of this class of compounds. The goal of this Review is to give an overview of the last decade in organic mixed valence chemistry and to elucidate its impact on modern functional materials chemistry.
A mathematical modeling arising in the chemical systems and its approximate numerical solution
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Khan Yasir , Yildirim Ahmet 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a mathematical modeling of reaction–diffusion Brusselator system with fractional time derivative is proposed. Reaction–diffusion response is obtained with fractional‐order elements as well as integer‐order elements. Fractional reaction–diffusion Brusselator system is used for modeling of certain chemical reaction‐diffusion processes. The implementation of homotopy perturbation method proved extremely effective and highly suitable. Numerical results are presented graphically and reveal that the homotopy perturbation method is an effective and convenient method to solve fractional‐order reaction–diffusion Brusselator system. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ca3(PO4)2‐incorporated poly(ethylene oxide)‐based nanocomposite electrolytes for lithium batteries. Part II. Interfacial properties investigated by XPS and a.c. impedance studies
Authors: Stephan Arul Manuel , Prem Kumar Thiruvikraman , Thomas Sabu , Bongiovanni Roberta , Nair Jijeesh Ravi , Angulakshmi Natarajan , Pollicino Antonino 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe surface layer and elemental composition of a lithium‐metal electrode before and after in contact with nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) comprising poly(ethylene oxide)/Ca3(PO4)2/LiX (X = N(CF3SO2)2, ClO4) were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of Li2CO3/LiOH in the outer layer of the native film was identified. The formation of LiF was detected on lithium surface when in contact with NCPE containing LiN(CF3SO2)2 and is attributed to the reaction between the native film and impurities. Li/NCPE/Li symmetric cells were assembled, and the thickness of the solid electrolyte interface as a function of time was analyzed at 60°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012