bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer Facilitator Training for Diabetes Prevention in a Nigerian Drug Treatment Center
Authors: Adejumo Oluremi A. , Ogunbiyi Elizabeth O. , Fornili Katherine S. , Chen Ling-Yin , Makanjuola Alfred B. , Ernest Samuel Kolade 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction and Background
Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at an increased risk of developing comorbid medical conditions, including Type 2 diabetes. Although the diabetes prevention program (DPP) is efficacious and cost-effective, there is no published evidence to support its implementation in Nigeria or within SUD treatment settings. In this first known DPP within an SUD treatment program, we implemented a multiphased, nurse-led DPP at a small outpatient drug treatment center in Nigeria. The aim of this article was to describe only the processes utilized for the initial peer facilitator (PF) training (Phase 1).

Methods
In Phase 1, a diabetes prevention master trainer delivered a virtual DPP training to the facility's lead nurse, who return-demonstrated the DPP workshop skills and competencies over four 4-hour sessions. The lead nurse then independently delivered four 8-hour training sessions to a small number of client volunteers (n = 4) who subsequently delivered the DPP lifestyle interventions to their peers in the outpatient treatment program.

Results
The client volunteers attended all PF workshop sessions and were observed to be proficient in all aspects of implementation. They indicated that the training objectives were easily achieved and expressed enthusiasm for delivering DPP content to their peers. The need to better contextualize the DPP curriculum specific to Nigerian food preferences was identified.

Conclusion
The Phase 1 training process appears to be an appropriate and effective approach for preparing PFs to deliver health programs, like the DPP, in environments with limited resources for populations facing numerous challenges.
Electronic Cigarette Use and Anxiety Among College Students
Authors: Stanley Adele K. , Frederickson Keville , Pokhrel Pallav 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Electronic cigarette use is the most prevalent form of tobacco among young college adults between 18 and 25 years old. In addition, during the young adult years, mental health issues surface, such as anxiety. As a result of these factors, it is imperative to describe the experience of electronic cigarettes among college students to better understand the cycle of addiction among electronic cigarette users.

Objective
This study aims to explore and describe the experience of electronic cigarette use among college students who report feelings of anxiety.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive study design with the Roy Adaptation Model as the theoretical framework was used to describe the experience. The setting was at one medium-sized private university on the east coast of the United States. Twenty participants met the study inclusion criteria of traditional undergraduate students aged 18–25 years. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a smoking status questionnaire, a self-report feelings of anxiety questionnaire, and a semistructured interview guide.

Results
Data analysis synthesized three themes: the perfect storm, the power of ripping the nic, and trapped in that cycle. It was found through interviews that feelings of anxiety and the vape culture, along with the college experience, led to the powerful draw to electronic cigarette use among this population.

Conclusion
This study reflects findings that the college life experience, the vape culture, and the feelings of anxiety contribute to electronic cigarette use and, finally, lead to intense addiction.
Analyzing functional heterogeneity of effector cells for enhanced adoptive cell therapy applications
Authors: Kiel Rasmussen Anne-Christine , Hulen Thomas Morgan , Petersen David Leander , Jacobsen Mette Juul , Mikkelsen Marie Just , Met Özcan , Donia Marco , Chamberlain Christopher Aled , Mouritzen Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCellular effector function assays traditionally rely on bulk cell populations that mask complex heterogeneity and rare subpopulations. The Xdrop® droplet technology facilitates high-throughput compartmentalization of viable single cells or single-cell pairs in double-emulsion droplets, enabling the study of single cells or cell-cell interactions at an individual level. Effector cell molecule secretion and target cell killing can be evaluated independently or in combination. Compatibility with a wide range of commercial assay reagents allows for single-cell level readouts using common laboratory techniques such as flow cytometry or microscopy. Moreover, individual cells of interest can be viably isolated for further investigation or expansion. Here we demonstrate the application of the double-emulsion droplet technology with a range of cell types commonly utilized for adoptive cell therapy of cancer: peripheral blood mononuclear cells, natural killer cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Single-cell compartmentalization offers unparalleled resolution, serving as a valuable tool for advancing the development and understanding of cellular therapy products.
Phytoene and phytoene-rich microalgae extracts extend lifespan inC. elegansand protect against amyloid-β toxicity in an Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Morón-Ortiz Ángeles , Karamalegkos Antonis A. , Mapelli-Brahm Paula , Ezcurra Marina , Meléndez-Martínez Antonio J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe role of foods is shifting from focusing on the provision of energy and basic nutrients to also include bioactive compounds that prevent the development of chronic age-related diseases. Microalgae offer a source of nutritional compounds with important health effects, and have the potential for production of health-promoting products, without increasing agricultural land use and negatively impacting the environment. Here we investigate the health effects of microalgal extracts with high levels of the colourless carotenoid phytoene. Phytoene is widely available from dietary sources and can be detected across different tissues in the human body. However, it is usually regarded as a precursor for the synthesis of other carotenoids, rather than a bioactive molecule. We utilised the model organismC. elegansto show that phytoene-rich extracts fromChlorella sorokinianaandDunaliella bardawilhave anti-ageing properties. The extracts protect against oxidative damage and amyloid-β42proteotoxicity (a major pathology of Alzheimer’s disease), and extends lifespan. We show that pure phytoene also has these anti-ageing effects, suggesting that phytoene is a bioactive molecule with positive effects on ageing and longevity.
Utilizing tACS to enhance memory confidence and EEG to predict individual differences in brain stimulation efficacy
Authors: Wynn Syanah C. , Marshall Tom R. , Nyhus Erika 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe information transfer necessary for successful memory retrieval is believed to be mediated by theta and gamma oscillations. These oscillations have been linked to memory processes in electrophysiological studies, which were correlational in nature. In the current study, we used transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to externally modulate brain oscillations to examine its direct effects on memory performance. Participants received sham, theta (4 Hz), and gamma (50 Hz) tACS over frontoparietal regions while retrieving information in a source memory paradigm. Linear regression models were used to investigate the direct effects of oscillatory non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on memory accuracy and confidence. Our results indicate that both theta and gamma tACS altered memory confidence. Specifically, theta tACS seemed to lower the threshold for confidence in retrieved information, while gamma tACS appeared to alter the memory confidence bias. Furthermore, the individual differences in tACS effects could be predicted from electroencephalogram (EEG) measures recorded prior to stimulation, suggesting that EEG could be a useful tool for predicting individual variability in the efficacy of NIBS.
Mapping and modeling the semantic space of math concepts
Authors: Debray Samuel , Dehaene Stanislas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMathematics is an underexplored domain of human cognition. While many studies have focused on subsets of math concepts such as numbers, fractions, or geometric shapes, few have ventured beyond these elementary domains. Here, we attempted to map out the full space of math concepts and to answer two specific questions: can distributed semantic models, such a GloVe, provide a satisfactory fit to human semantic judgments in mathematics? And how does this fit vary with education? We first analyzed all of the French and English Wikipedia pages with math contents, and used a semi-automatic procedure to extract the 1,000 most frequent math terms in both languages. In a second step, we collected extensive behavioral judgments of familiarity and semantic similarity between them. About half of the variance in human similarity judgments was explained by vector embeddings that attempt to capture latent semantic structures based on cooccurence statistics. Participants’ self-reported level of education modulated familiarity and similarity, allowing us to create a partial hierarchy among high-level math concepts. Our results converge onto the proposal of a map of math space, organized as a database of math terms with information about their frequency, familiarity, grade of acquisition, and entanglement with other concepts.
RCOR1 promotes myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration
Authors: Pauk Martina , Wang Fan , Rummukainen Petri , Ramm Mauricio , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Kiviranta Riku 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRCOR proteins belong to a family of highly conserved transcription corepressors (RCOR1, RCOR2 and RCOR3) that regulate the activity of associated histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) and histone deacetylase 1/2 (HDAC 1/2) in chromatin-modifying complexes. Despite the described function of LSD1 in skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration, the role of RCOR family in myogenesis remains unknown. We found that RCOR1 is highly expressed in proliferating myoblasts and activated satellite cells, but not in mature myofibers during postnatal growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Knockdown of RCOR1 impaired myoblast differentiation and fusion by inhibiting the expression of the key myogenic regulatory factor myogenin. Moreover, RCOR1 depletion impaired myoblast proliferation through increasing the expression of cell cycle inhibitor p21. Consistently, in a mouse model of skeletal muscle injury, depletion of RCOR1 supressed satellite cell activation and differentiation which resulted in impaired muscle regeneration. RCOR1 was found physically associated with LSD1 and myogenic regulatory factor MyoD and contributed to LSD1 stability in myoblasts. As for other RCOR family members, RCOR2 had no effect on myoblast differentiation while the loss of RCOR3 increased myoblast proliferation leading to supressed expression of myogenic markers MyoD and myogenin and impaired myoblast differentiation. However, germline deletion of RCOR3 (RCOR3-/-) did not affect muscle phenotype, suggesting a possible functional redundancy among RCOR family members during muscle development. Together, our findings indicate that RCOR1 acts in concert with LSD1 as a novel positive regulator of myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration.
Balancing Prior Knowledge and Sensory Data in a Predictive Coding Model: Insights into Coherent Motion Detection in Schizophrenia
Authors: Nemati Elnaz , Grayden David B. , Burkitt Anthony N. , Zarei Eskikand Parvin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a biologically plausible computational model based on the predictive coding algorithm, providing insights into motion detection processes and potential deficiencies in schizophrenia. The model decomposes motion structures into individual and shared sources, highlighting a critical role of surround suppression in detecting global motion. This biologically plausible model sheds light on how the brain extracts the structure of motion and comprehends shared or coherent motion within the visual field. The results obtained from random dot stimuli underscore the delicate balance between sensory data and prior knowledge in coherent motion detection. Model testing across varying noise levels reveals longer convergence times with higher noise, consistent with psychophysical experiments showing that response duration (e.g., reaction time or decision-making time) also increases with noise levels. The model suggests that an excessive emphasis on prior knowledge extends the convergence time in motion detection. Conversely, for faster convergence, the model requires a certain level of prior knowledge to prevent excessive disturbance due to noise. These findings contribute to potential explanations for motion detection deficiencies observed in schizophrenia.
The structures of protein kinase A in complex with CFTR: mechanisms of phosphorylation and reversible activation
Authors: Fiedorczuk Karol , Iordanov Iordan , Mihályi Csaba , Szöllősi András , Csanády László , Chen Jue 
Published: June 2024

SummaryProtein kinase A (PKA) is a key regulator of cellular functions by selectively phosphorylating numerous substrates, including ion channels, enzymes, and transcription factors. It has long served as a model system for understanding the eukaryotic kinases. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we present complex structures of the PKA catalytic subunit (PKA-C) bound to a full-length protein substrate, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) – an ion channel vital to human health. CFTR gating requires phosphorylation of its regulatory (R) domain. Unphosphorylated CFTR engages PKA-C at two locations, establishing two “catalytic stations” near to, but not directly involving, the R domain. This configuration, coupled with the conformational flexibility of the R domain, permits transient interactions of the eleven spatially separated phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, we determined two structures of the open-pore CFTR stabilized by PKA-C, providing a molecular basis for understanding ‘reversible activation’, whereby PKA-C stimulates CFTR function through simple binding.
Bilateral integration in somatosensory cortex is controlled by behavioral relevance
Authors: Park Hyein , Keri Hayagreev V.S. , Yoo Chaeyoung , Bi Chengyu , Pluta Scott R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSensory perception naturally requires processing stimuli from both sides of the body. Yet, how neurons bind stimulus features across the hemispheres to create a unified perceptual experience remains unknown. To address this question, we performed large-scale recordings from neurons in both somatosensory cortices (S1) while mice shared information between their hemispheres and discriminated between two categories of bilateral stimuli. When expert mice touched stimuli associated with reward, they moved their whiskers with greater bilateral symmetry. During this period, synchronous spiking and enhanced spike-field coupling emerged between the hemispheres. This coordinated activity was absent in stimulus-matched naïve animals, indicating that interhemispheric (IH) binding was controlled by a goal-directed, internal process. In S1 neurons, the addition of ipsilateral touch primarily facilitated the contralateral, principal whisker response. This facilitation primarily emerged for reward-associated stimuli and was lost on trials where expert mice failed to respond. Taken together, these results reveal a novel state-dependent logic underlying bilateral integration in S1, where stimulus binding and facilitation are controlled by behavioral relevance.
Lifecourse Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Performance Among Midlife Latina Women in a California Agricultural Region
Authors: Torres Jacqueline M. , Calderon Lucia , Kogut Katherine , MacCuish Kelsey , Warner Marcella , Rodriguez Maria T. , Garcia Lizari , Romero Monica , Morga Norma , McDowell-Sanchez Aaron K. , Perez-Rocha Yesli , Rojas-Saunero L. Paloma , Deardorff Julianna , Eskenazi Brenda 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTA substantial literature evaluates the relationship between lifecourse socio-economic status (SES) and cognitive aging, although most studies primarily focus on non-Hispanic white adults with relatively high SES. Studies that are sufficiently inclusive of minoritized and/or low SES adults typically employ traditional regression approaches, which may not be adequately suited for modeling time-varying lifecourse exposures. We used data from the CHAMACOS Maternal Cognition Study (2022-2024), which included middle-aged, primarily immigrant and Latina women who experienced relatively low lifecourse SES (n = 511). Participants provided information on parental (parental education), childhood (respondent education), and midlife SES (current poverty level), and completed the SOL-INCA neurocognitive assessment, yielded global and domain-specific cognitive performance z-scores. We estimated marginal structural models and evaluated evidence against common lifecourse models (accumulation, critical/sensitive periods, pathways). The overall association between parental education and midlife cognitive scores was attenuated to the null after accounting for respondent education and midlife poverty, in support of the pathways model. Compared to those who completed primary school or less, those who completed any secondary school ({3global_cognition: 0.19, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.07, 0.31, 0.32) or high school or above ({3global_cognition: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.80) had higher cognitive z-scores, accounting for both parental education and midlife poverty. The large magnitude of these estimates supports the sensitive periods model. Associations between midlife poverty and cognitive z-scores were modest to null. Our results point to the importance of educational attainment for midlife cognitive health among a subgroup of individuals historically excluded from cognitive aging research.
Transparency and Reproducibility in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Lopez Daniel A. , Cardenas-Iniguez Carlos , Subramaniam Punitha , Adise Shana , Bottenhorn Katherine L. , Badilla Paola , Mukwekwerere Ellen , Tally Laila , Ahanmisi Omoengheme , Bedichek Isabelle L. , Matera Serena D. , Perez-Tamayo Gabriela Mercedes , Sissons Nicholas , Winters Owen , Harkness Anya , Nakiyingi Elizabeth , Encizo Jennell , Xiang Zhuoran , Wilson Isabelle G. , Smith Allison N. , Hill Anthony R. , Adames Amanda K. , Robertson Elizabeth , Boughter Joseph R. , Lopez-Flores Arturo , Skoler Emma R. , Dorholt Lyndsey , Nagel Bonnie J. , Huber Rebekah S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTransparency can build trust in the scientific process, but scientific findings can be undermined by poor and obscure data use and reporting practices. The purpose of this work is to report how data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study has been used to date, and to provide practical recommendations on how to improve the transparency and reproducibility of findings.MethodsArticles published from 2017 to 2023 that used ABCD Study data were reviewed using more than 30 data extraction items to gather information on data use practices. Total frequencies were reported for each extraction item, along with computation of a Level of Completeness (LOC) score that represented overall endorsement of extraction items. Univariate linear regression models were used to examine the correlation between LOC scores and individual extraction items. Post hoc analysis included examination of whether LOC scores were correlated with the logged 2-year journal impact factor.ResultsThere were 549 full-length articles included in the main analysis. Analytic scripts were shared in 30% of full-length articles. The number of participants excluded due to missing data was reported in 60% of articles, and information on missing data for individual variables (e.g., household income) was provided in 38% of articles. A table describing the analytic sample was included in 83% of articles. A race and/or ethnicity variable was included in 78% of reviewed articles, while its inclusion was justified in only 41% of these articles. LOC scores were highly correlated with extraction items related to examination of missing data. A bottom 10% of LOC score was significantly correlated with a lower logged journal impact factor when compared to the top 10% of LOC scores (β=-0.77, 95% -1.02, -0.51;p-value < 0.0001).ConclusionThese findings highlight opportunities for improvement in future papers using ABCD Study data to readily adapt analytic practices for better transparency and reproducibility efforts. A list of recommendations is provided to facilitate adherence in future research.
Excimer LASER coronary atherectomy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a multicenter retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Matsuda Yuji , Yonetsu Taishi , Kurihara Ken , Shimizu Shigeo , Matsumura Akihiko , Inagaki Hiroshi , Onishi Yuko , Sakurai Kaoru , Tsuchiyama Takaaki , Ashikaga Takashi , Fujii Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Kazuo , Khamdamov Ikhtiyorjon , Yamakami Yosuke , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Umemoto Tomoyuki , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDExcimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) is used for thrombotic culprit lesions in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but its efficacy is still unclear. The study objective was to investigate the clinical outcomes of STEMI patients after ELCA.METHODSData of consecutive patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 24 hours of onset, in 12 healthcare facilities in Japan, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into ELCA and non-ELCA groups. The primary endpoint was target vessel-related major adverse cardiac events (TV-MACE). Cox regression analysis and propensity score matching were performed to adjust for selection bias in the cohort.RESULTSA total of 2593 patients, which included 427 patients treated with ELCA, were analyzed with a median follow-up of 815 (390–1385) days. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of TV-MACE-free survival rate. ELCA use was not a significant determinant of TV-MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 1.265, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.910–1.757; p=0.161). Nevertheless, when the ELCA group was stratified by the ELCA catheter size, the large catheter (1.4 mm–1.7 mm) group showed better clinical outcomes than the others in univariate Cox regression analysis (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10–0.95, p=0.040). In the propensity score-matched cohort of 736 patients (368 pairs), the TV-MACE-free survival did not differ between the two groups.CONCLUSIONSELCA did not show clinical benefit in terms of the rate of adverse cardiac events in patients with STEMI. There was evidence of efficacy when a large ELCA catheter was used, warranting further prospective studies.Clinical PerspectiveWhat is new?In a relatively large-scale registry of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, which included 427 patients treated with ELCA, the use of ELCA did not show clinical benefits in reducing target-vessel related adverse events.The use of ELCA was not associated with improved coronary flow or myocardial perfusion, but rather with higher peak values of cardiac markers.Larger ELCA catheters (≥1.4mm diameter) may be associated with better clinical outcomes compared to smaller (0.9mm) ELCA catheters, suggesting potential areas for future research.What are the clinical implications?The routine use of ELCA may not reduce adverse cardiac events in primary PCI for patients with STEMI.The use of ELCA should be limited to lesions where large-sized ELCA catheters can be safely applied.