bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of multi‐professional obstetric skills training for postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: MARKOVA VERONIKA , SØRENSEN JETTE LED , HOLM CHARLOTTE , NØRGAARD ASTRID , LANGHOFF‐ROOS JENS 
Published: December 2011

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the effect of multi‐professional obstetric skills training on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) indicated by red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and time delay in surgical interventions before, during, and after implementation of the training. Design. A database audit. Setting. University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Population. Women receiving red blood cell (RBC) transfusion up to seven days postpartum before (2003), during (2005), and after (2007) the introduction of training. Methods. Linkage of the Danish Medical Birth Registry and the local transfusion database, followed by audit of medical records. We identified 148 women with RBC transfusion for PPH in 10 461 deliveries and assessed the cause of PPH, surgical interventions and transfusion data. Main outcome measures. RBC transfusion. Delay to surgical intervention. Results. RBC transfusion rates for PPH were 1.5% (2003), 1.6% (2005), and 1.2% (2007) (not statistically significant). The transfusion rates did not change after vaginal delivery but decreased after cesarean section [2.4, 2.1 and 0.7% (p<0.01)]. Transfusion requirements and pre‐transfusion hemoglobin values did not change. The median time from delivery to manual removal of the placenta increased non‐significantly (64, 70 and 75 minutes). The median time from decision to manual removal of the placenta remained unchanged (30 minutes). Conclusion. There was no effect of multi‐professional obstetric skills training on the rate of RBC transfusion for PPH. The unchanged long delay in handling a retained placenta indicates a need for multi‐disciplinary training in collaboration with staff from anesthesiology and the operation theater.
Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of a synthetic bone substitute for maxillary sinus grafting in humans
Authors: Tosta Mauro , Cortes Arthur R. G. , Corrêa Luciana , Pinto Décio dos S. , Tumenas Isabel , Katchburian Eduardo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigated the efficacy of a biphasic calcium phosphate as a bone grafting material for maxillary sinus augmentation in humans.Materials and methodsHalf of the thirty patients selected for sinus augmentation were grafted with biphasic calcium phosphate, whereas the other half were grafted with autogenous bone chips harvested intraorally. After 9 months of healing, bone cores were retrieved from implant sites for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation.ResultsThe areas augmented with autogenous bone chips showed newly formed bone with a pattern very similar to that of the native area. Histomorphometry demonstrated that the amount of newly formed bone in the autogenous bone group was significantly greater than in the biphasic calcium phosphate group (P < 0.05). In the biphasic calcium phosphate group, less bone formation was observed in the area further away from native bone interface than in the area closer to native bone interface (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between both areas in the autogenous group. In both groups, the implant survival rate was 100% with a minimum 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionThe data presented in this work confirm the osteoconductive properties of biphasic calcium phosphate, as well as its use in association with maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures with successful outcomes.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis mimicking inflammatory and neoplastic processes: a clinical, histopathological and molecular study of 57 cases
Authors: Saab Jad , Fedda Faysal , Khattab Ruba , Yahya Lamis , Loya Asif , Satti Mohamed , Kibbi Abdul‐Ghani , Houreih Mohammad Adib , Raslan Wasim , El‐Sabban Marwan , Khalifeh Ibrahim 
Published: December 2011

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis displays considerable variation in its histopathological and clinical presentation. Clinically, it progresses from a papule into a painless ulcerated and crusted nodule/papule. Microscopically, it progresses from sheets of amastigote‐filled histiocytes to granulomatous inflammation.Methods: The study was conducted on 145 skin biopsies from untreated patients with histopathological and/or clinical suspicion of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Lebanon, Syria and Saudi Arabia (1992–2010). The pre‐biopsy clinical diagnosis and demographic data were collected. Biopsies were evaluated for the major microscopic pattern, and the parasitic index (PI) was also determined. Diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by molecular sub‐speciation.Results: Of the 145 patients, 125 were confirmed as cutaneous leishmaniasis by PCR. Eighteen cases presented with a pre‐biopsy clinical diagnosis other than cutaneous leishmaniasis that ranged from dermatitis to neoplasm. Of the 125 cases, 57 showed a major histopathological pattern other than cutaneous leishmaniasis. Identification of amastigotes was equivocal (PI ≤1) in 38 of the 57 cases. Of interest, all the 18 cases with a pre‐biopsy clinical diagnosis other than cutaneous leishmaniasis also showed atypical histopathology for cutaneous leishmaniasis.Conclusions: The manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis are broad and may mimic other inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Pathologists and dermatologists should be aware of such pitfalls and can utilize PCR to confirm the diagnosis of leishmaniasis.Saab J, Fedda F, Khattab R, Yahya L, Loya A, Satti M, A‐G Kibbi, Houreih MA, Raslan W, El‐Sabban M, Khalifeh I. Cutaneous leishmaniasis mimicking inflammatory and neoplastic processes: a clinical, histopathological and molecular study of 57 cases.
Determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in infant and young children in Bangladesh: secondary data analysis of Demographic Health Survey 2007
Authors: Kabir Iqbal , Khanam Mansura , Agho Kingsley E. , Mihrshahi Seema , Dibley Michael J. , Roy Swapan K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSuboptimal and inappropriate complementary feeding practices are one of the major causes of child undernutrition in the first 2 years of life in South Asian countries including Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to use the newly developed World Health Organization infant feeding indicators to identify the potential risk factors associated with inappropriate complementary feeding practices. We used data for 1728 children aged 6–23 months obtained from nationally representative data from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to assess the association between complementary feeding and other characteristics using multivariate models. Only 71% of infants were consuming soft, semi‐solid and solid food by 6–8 months of age. In the multivariate analysis, mothers who had no education had a higher risk for not introducing timely complementary feeds [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–4.23, P = 0.03], not meeting the minimum dietary diversity (AOR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.14–2.54, P = 0.01), minimum acceptable diet (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.09–2.67, P = 0.02) and minimum meal frequency (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.20–2.49, P = 0.003) than the mothers who had secondary or higher education. Infants born in Sylhet, Chittagong and Barisal division had higher risks for not meeting minimum dietary diversity, meal frequency and acceptable diet (P < 0.001). The poorest two quintiles had poor levels of minimum meal frequency but dietary quality improved with age. In Bangladesh addressing the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target will require substantial improvement in complementary feeding practices. Appropriate Infant and Young Child feeding massages should to be development and delivered through existing health system.
Determinants of inappropriate timing of introducing solid, semi‐solid or soft food to infants in Pakistan: Secondary data analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2006–2007
Authors: Hazir Tabish , Senarath Upul , Agho Kingsley , Akram Dure‐Samin , Kazmi Narjis , Abbasi Saleem , Dibley Michael J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInappropriate timing of introducing complementary food deprives the infant of optimum nutrition, leading to undernutrition, and increased mortality and morbidity. The aim of this analysis was to identify determinants of inappropriate timing of introduction of solid, semi‐solid and soft foods in Pakistan.Data on 941 infants 3.00 to 8.99 months were obtained from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006–2007. The prevalence of introduction of foods among infants aged 3.00–5.99 months and 6.00–8.99 months was examined against a set of individual, household and community level variables using univariate analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for early introduction in age 3.00–5.99 months and non‐introduction in 6.00–8.99 months of age were calculated using backward stepwise logistic regression models. The prevalence of early introduction of complementary foods among 3.00‐ to 5.99‐month‐old and timely introduction among 6.00‐ to 8.99‐month‐old infants were 10.6% and 39.2%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that mothers who had four or more antenatal clinic visits (AOR = 2.68) and who lived in the provinces of Sindh (AOR = 2.89) and Baluchistan (AOR = 6.75) were more likely to introduce complementary foods early. Mothers from middle‐level households (AOR = 7.82), poorer households (AOR = 4.84) and poorest households (AOR = 5.72) were significantly more likely to delay introduction of complementary foods. In conclusion more than half (60.8%) of Pakistani infants do not receive complementary foods at recommended time. Public health interventions to improve the timing of introduction of complementary food are needed at national level with special focus on high risk groups.
Prevalence of immune disease in patients with wounds presenting to a tertiary wound healing centre
Authors: Shanmugam Victoria K , Schilling Amber , Germinario Anthony , Mete Mihriye , Kim Paul , Steinberg John , Attinger Christopher E 
Published: December 2011

Chronic leg ulcers are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and account for considerable healthcare and socioeconomic costs. Leg ulcers are a recognised complication of immune disease, and the purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of immune disease in a cohort of patients with chronic wounds, and to compare wound outcomes in the subjects with and without immune disease.Retrospective chart review was completed on consecutive patients scheduled with the plastic surgeon in the Georgetown University Center for Wound Healing between 1 January 2009 and 31 March 2009. Of the 520 patients scheduled for appointments, 340 were eligible for inclusion. The prevalence of immune disease was higher than expected with 78 of 340 patients (23%) having associated immune disease. At presentation, wounds in patients with immune disease had a significantly larger mean surface area [33·4 cm2 (69·05) compared to 22·5 cm2 (63·65), P = 0·02]. Split thickness skin graft (STSG) and bioengineered alternative tissue (BAT) graft data was available on 177 grafts from 55 subjects. There was a significantly lower response rate to STSG in subjects with immune disease (50% compared to 97%, P = 0·0002), but response rates to BAT were not different.The association between immune diseases and chronic wounds may provide unique insights into pathways of wound healing, and warrants further study.
EXPRESSION OF VIRULENCE GENES OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN FOOD
Authors: RANTSIOU KALLIOPI , MATARAGAS MARIOS , ALESSANDRIA VALENTINA , COCOLIN LUCA 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the development of reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction protocols for three virulence genes (plcA, iap and hly) and the sigB stress response gene that may be applied for the determination of the virulence gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes in situ was reported. When applied to L. monocytogenes strains of different origin (#3, isolated from meat; National Collection of Type Cultures 10527, a collection strain; and #162, isolated from cheese) and to four different food matrices (fermented sausage, soft cheese, ultrahigh temperature milk and minced meat), stored at 4 and 12C, significant heterogeneity in their expression was recorded. By statistical analysis of the data, it was possible to determine a significant effect on the gene expression by the food matrix, especially for the strain #162. This work showed that environmental factors may influence the virulence expression of L. monocytogenes providing better insights to the physiology of the microorganism grown in foods.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe ability to rapidly determine the virulence potential of Listeria monocytogenes in food is a challenge. This study adds new information regarding the heterogeneity within this species. Moreover, it highlights the need to better understand the influence of the different food matrices on the expression of virulence and stress response genes in L. monocytogenes. The reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach developed and exploited in this study has the potentials to be applied in the field of food safety in order to provide additional insights regarding the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Such information could be useful in implementing control strategies.
Circulation of avian influenza viruses in wild birds in Inner Niger Delta, Mali
Authors: Cappelle Julien , Servan de Almeida Renata , Fofana Bouba , Dakouo Martin , Balança Gilles , Gil Patricia , Albina Emmanuel , Gaidet Nicolas 
Published: December 2011

Please cite this paper as: Cappelle et al. (2012) Circulation of avian influenza viruses in wild birds in Inner Niger Delta, Mali. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(4), 240–244.Background  Avian influenza viruses (AIV) have been detected in wild birds in West Africa during the northern winter, but no information is available on a potential year‐round circulation of AIV in West Africa. Such year‐round circulation would allow reassortment opportunities between strains circulating in Afro‐tropical birds and strains imported by migratory birds wintering in West Africa.Objective and Method  A 2‐year longitudinal survey was conducted in the largest continental wetland of West Africa, the Inner Niger Delta in Mali, to determine the year‐round circulation of AIV in wild birds.Results and Conclusions  Avian influenza virus RNA was detected during all periods of the year. Very low prevalence was detected during the absence of the migratory wild birds. However, a year‐round circulation of AIV seems possible in West Africa, as shown in other African regions. West Africa may hence be another potential site of reassortment between AIV strains originating from both Afro‐tropical and Eurasian regions.
mTHPC‐mediated Photodynamic Treatment Up‐regulates the Cytokines VEGF and IL‐1alpha
Authors: Dabkeviciene Daiva , Sasnauskiene Ausra , Leman Eva , Kvietkauskaite Raimonda , Daugelaviciene Neringa , Stankevicius Vaidotas , Jurgelevicius Vaclovas , Juodka Benediktas , Kirveliene Vida 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer induces oxidative stress, which intervenes in the expression of cytokines by tumor cells. The cytokines might have either a positive or a negative impact on tumor eradication. Here, we studied the expression of cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin‐1alpha (IL‐1alpha) in the human epidermoid carcinoma A‐431 cells following m‐tetra(3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐chlorin (mTHPC)‐mediated PDT in vitro and assessed the IL‐1alpha effect on VEGF expression. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay revealed the enhanced production of VEGF and IL‐1alpha both on mRNA and protein levels by mTHPC‐loaded cells after light exposure. The silencing of IL1A by small interfering RNA resulted in decreased production of IL‐1alpha and a reduced amount of VEGF. Furthermore, exogenous recombinant IL‐1alpha stimulated the VEGF expression after PDT. Thus, in addition to the cytotoxic action on the A‐431 cells, mTHPC‐mediated PDT stimulated the production of VEGF and IL‐1alpha, and IL‐1alpha contributed to the VEGF overexpression. These data establish IL‐1alpha as a possible target of combined cancer treatment.
Las cuestiones del cambio climático en las prácticas de inversión de los fondos
Authors: Sørensen Ole Beier , Pfeifer Stephanie 
Published: December 2011

ResumenLa forma en que los inversores institucionales afrontan las cuestiones ambientales, sociales y de gobernanza empresarial (ASG) en sus prácticas de inversión ha experimentado un gran cambio. Para los inversores públicos y privados, estas cuestiones se han convertido en parte de las prácticas corrientes de inversión que reflejan un mejor entendimiento de los importantes riesgos y oportunidades que representan y que deben ser examinados como parte de sus obligaciones fiduciarias. Algunos criterios ASG requieren un enfoque que va mucho más allá de las orientaciones tradicionales de simple selección que utilizaban los antiguos fondos especializados. Para ilustrarlo, hemos procedido a realizar un análisis detallado de las prácticas de los inversores en materia de cambio climático, que deben incluir una evaluación de riesgos y oportunidades a largo plazo, y de las estrategias que se han acometido para afrontarlos. También argumentamos que, dado que el papel de la política y la regulación es fundamental para modificar los intereses económicos a favor de inversiones encaminadas a reducir las emisiones de carbono, es fundamental entablar un diálogo estructurado entre los inversores y los responsables de la toma de decisiones para garantizar que se movilice el capital institucional necesario para apoyar los objetivos políticos encaminados a limitar el cambio climático, al mismo tiempo que se establece un marco en el que los inversores puedan realizar sus actividades de conformidad con su responsabilidad fiduciaria.
Migrants' Associations and Their Attempts to Gain Recognition: The Case of Milan
Authors: Camozzi Ilenya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the late 1970s, Italy switched from being a source of émigrés to becoming a recipient of immigrants. The city of Milan and its surrounding region led the way. A multitude of migrant associations sprang up as migrants pursued their quest for recognition as subjects and citizens. This study draws on the author's interviews with members of Milan's migrant associations to examine the inner dynamics both between migrants within associations, and between migrant members and those volunteers, both Italian and of other nationalities, who work with the associations. This study shows that the forms of solidarity and engagement offered by Italian activists represent a platform where the process of identity construction occurs and (mis)recognition practices are played out. As the article will point out, migrants are sometimes quite critical of the activities of Italian activists. In short, the study suggests that the consideration of two dimensions – identity and recognition – as they arise within everyday social practices, could make a useful contribution to the further study of the social phenomena of migrants' associations and political participation.
Classification of Uveitis
Authors: ANDROUDI S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Classification and standardization of uveitis is important, as it enhances the precision and comparability of clinical research from different centers and assists in the development of a complete picture of the course of the disorders and their response to treatment.Methods Attempts have been made to standardize some aspects of uveitis, and various classification criteria, inflammation grading schema, and outcomes criteria have been described.Results The most widely used classification of uveitis is the one devised by the International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG) in 1987, based on the anatomical location of the inflammation. This classification includes anterior uveitis (iritis, iridocyclitis, and anterior cyclitis), intermediate uveitis (pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis), posterior uveitis (focal, multifocal, or diffuse choroiditis, chorioretinitis, retinitis, and neuroretinitis) or panuveitis (anterior chamber, vitreous, retina, and choroid). In 2005, the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group standardized a grading schema for aspects of intraocular intraocular inflammation, that is, anterior chamber cells, anterior chamber flare, and vitreous haze, was developed. Standardized definitions of outcomes, including reporting visual acuity outcomes, were approved.Conclusion Today’s uveitis nomenclature has been revised regarding the anatomical location and the grade of inflammation, and supplemented by the inclusion of definitions for onset, duration and course.
Pediatric uveitis
Authors: BODAGHI B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe etiology and treatment of uveitis in children remains different from adults. Infectious and auto‐immune conditions must be identified. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis is the main etiology of chronic anterior uveitis. Pars planitis is another frequent etiology of bilateral auto‐immune uveitis. On the other hand, toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, ocular toxocariasis and cat scratch disease should be excluded in children with unilateral posterior uveitis. Case reports will be presented in order to illustrate th management of different pediatric uveitis entities.
B27‐associated uveitis
Authors: WILLERMAIN F 
Published: December 2011

AbstractB27 associated uveitis is a very frequent form of intraocular inflammation which account for approximately 50 % of acute anterior uveitis. Its main clinical features, natural history and association with seronegative arthritis are well known. B27 associated uveitis are thus often considered as an easy diagnosis. However, several aspects of the disease remain challenging and debated. This interactive course will be mostly based on clinical cases and focused on the most controversial aspects of the work up, treatment, and complications of B27 associated uveitis.
Complications of uveitis and their management
Authors: NERI P , ARAPI I 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To review the uveitis complications and their management.Methods The current literature is reviewed and the experience of a tertiary referral centre is reported.Results Visual recovery in uveitis is hampered all too often by the onset of complications arising from the frequent, recurrent episodes of inflammation. The most frequent complications in uveitis are: cataract, cystoid macular edema (CMO), glaucoma, neovascularization, and vitreous opacities. Moreover, these sequela may progress, despite an apparent good control of the ocular inflammatory disease. An early recognition, as well as an appropriate and timely management are mandatory for a successful outcome. In addition, the treatment alternatives for these entities should be considered, depending on the severity of the condition.Conclusion Several sequela have been described in uveitis. A prompt recognition may orient correctly the ophthalmologist towards the best treatment option, lowering the risks of severe and irreversible ocular damages.