bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of martensitic transformation start temperature of steel using thermodynamic model, empirical formulas, and machine learning models
Authors: Lin Zidong , Wang Jiaqi , Zhou Chenxv , Sun Zhen , Wang Yanlong , Yu Xinghua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Three methods are used to predict the martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms
) of steel. Based on the database containing 832 compositions and corresponding Ms
data, prediction models are built, modified, and trained. Firstly, Ms
was re-calculated by establishing a thermodynamic model to link the martensitic transformation driving force (Gibbs free energy difference of martensite and austenite) with resistance (elastic strain energy, plastic strain energy, interface energy, and shearing energy). Secondly, the existing Ms
data is cleaned and re-predicted using traditional empirical formulas within different composition application ranges. Thirdly, four different algorithms in machine learning including random forest, k nearest neighbor, linear regression, and decision tree are trained to predict 832 new Ms
values. By comparing the Ms
results re-predicted by the mentioned three methods with the original Ms
values, the accuracy is evaluated to identify the optimal prediction model.
Electronic and optical properties of ternary kagome Rb2Ni3S4: a density functional study
Authors: Bahadur Acharya Gang , Kim Se-Hun , Ghimire Madhav Prasad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The application of semiconductors with optical properties has grown significantly in the development of semiconductor photovoltaics. Here, we explore the electronic and optical properties of ternary transition metal sulfide Rb2Ni3S4 by means of density functional theory. From the structural perspective, Ni atoms are found to form a kagome-like lattice in a two-dimensional plane of Rb2Ni3S4. From our calculations, Rb2Ni3S4 is found to be a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of ∼0.67 eV. Strong hybridization was observed between the S-3p with the Ni-3d

xz
and Ni-3d

yz
orbitals. Interestingly, a flat band was noticed below the Fermi level demonstrating one significant feature of kagome lattice. From the optical calculations, Rb2Ni3S4 is found to exhibit optical activity in both the visible and lower ultraviolet regions of the incident photon energies. The optical response suggests this material may be a potential candidate for opto-electronic device, given its ability to interact with light across a broad range of wavelengths. This work is expected to motivate the experimental group for transport measurements and may provide a new foundation in optics.
Phase field modeling of ductile fracture with isotropic hardening and radius return method
Authors: Meng Li , Tabiei Ala 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Phase field model has been investigated for brittle fracture in many static and dynamic scenarios, but its applications to ductile fracture is not as common as brittle fracture, especially implementing in software LS-DYNA with explicit scheme. In this study, an efficient LS-DYNA implementation of the phase field modeling of ductile fracture is presented and both with and without the split of elastic strain energy have been considered for the damage evolution. In more detail, plasticity formulation of ductile material with isotropic hardening is briefly presented first and then the governing equations of the classical phase field model are derived, which gives the displacement-phase coupled problem. For with the split of elastic strain energy, the shear component of elastic strain energy is considered for the damage evolution. The influence of degradation function on stress–strain curve is also investigated by using three kinds of function (polynomial function, algebraic fraction function and sigmoid function), which leads to linear and nonlinear finite element method (FEM) formulation of the phase field model and Newton–Raphson method is used to solve the nonlinear FEM formulation of the phase field model. A tensile bar test shows the influence of critical energy release rate and degradation function on stress–strain curve. Mode Ⅰ failure of three-point bending test, Mode Ⅱ failure of single-edge notched plate and mixed-mode failure of asymmetrical double-notched plate verify the proposed model in this study. From these simulations, with the split of elastic strain energy shows improvements on plastic deformation than without the split of elastic strain energy.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of tool parameters on nano-cutting of polycrystalline γ-TiAl alloys
Authors: Zhou Yichao , Cao Hui , Zhou Baocheng , Li Haiyan , Chen Wenke , Lei Chunli , Feng Ruicheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As one of the most promising lightweight high-temperature structural materials in the future, the surface quality of γ-TiAl alloys has a great influence on the performance of the workpieces, and the tool parameters are an important factor affecting the machining results. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations of the nano-cutting process of polycrystalline γ-TiAl alloys with different tool parameters were carried out. The results show that increasing the tool rake angle and decreasing the tool edge radius within a certain range helps to reduce the average cutting force, cutting force fluctuation, cutting temperature, and stabilize the cutting process, while the change of the tool clearance angle has less influence on the cutting process. In contrast, negative rake angle cutting is more likely to produce grain rotation and grain boundary steps in the processed substrate and increase the processed surface roughness than positive rake angle cutting; increasing the tool rake angle within a certain range will weaken the elastic recovery effect of the substrate. During cutting at a positive rake angle, whether a portion of the substrate is prone to slip toward the surface of the substrate, thereby reducing the surface quality, depends on the relative state of grain orientation and force applied in the substrate.
Microbubble detection on ultrasound imaging by utilizing phase patterned waves
Authors: An Junseok , Sugita Naohiro , Shinshi Tadahiko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Super-resolution ultrasonography offers the advantage of visualization of intricate microvasculature, which is crucial for disease diagnosis. Mapping of microvessels is possible by localizing microbubbles (MBs) that act as contrast agents and tracking their location. However, there are limitations such as the low detectability of MBs and the utilization of a diluted concentration of MBs, leading to the extension of the acquisition time. We aim to enhance the detectability of MBs to reduce the acquisition time of acoustic data necessary for mapping the microvessels. Approach. We propose utilizing phase patterned waves (PPWs) characterized by spatially patterned phase distributions in the incident beam to achieve this. In contrast to conventional ultrasound irradiation methods, this irradiation method alters bubble interactions, enhancing the oscillation response of MBs and generating more significant scattered waves from specific MBs. This enhances the detectability of MBs, thereby enabling the detection of MBs that were undetectable by the conventional method. The objective is to maximize the overall detection of bubbles by utilizing ultrasound imaging with additional PPWs, including the conventional method. In this paper, we apply PPWs to ultrasound imaging simulations considering bubble–bubble interactions to elucidate the characteristics of PPWs and demonstrate their efficacy by employing PPWs on MBs fixed in a phantom by the experiment. Main results. By utilizing two types of PPWs in addition to the conventional ultrasound irradiation method, we confirmed the detection of up to 93.3% more MBs compared to those detected using the conventional method alone. Significance. Ultrasound imaging using additional PPWs made it possible to increase the number of detected MBs, which is expected to improve the efficiency of bubble detection.
Multiscale modeling on the multi-physical behaviors of high temperature superconducting magnets based on a combined global homogenization and local refinement scheme
Authors: Wang Ya-Ning , Jing Ze 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The safe and stable operation is a crucial issue in the development of high-field high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. In this paper, we construct a multiscale model which couples the homogenized global (macroscopic) behavior and the refined local (mesoscopic) characteristics to simulate the coupled electromagnetic-mechanical-thermal behaviors of the HTS magnets. In the model, the numerical homogenization method is adopted to simulate the macroscopic behavior of the magnets and identify the ‘dangerous region’ of the magnet which are prone to damage or quench. Then, a refined local sub-model which coupling with the macroscopic homogenization model is established by considering the microstructure and physical parameters of each components of the HTS tapes in the ‘dangerous region’. Thus, a combined global homogenization and local refinement scheme which balances the computational efficiency and numerical accuracy is developed to simulate the coupled multi-physical behaviors of the HTS magnets including the quench and its propagation. Our results show that the refined local sub-model can simulate the electromagnetic field and the stress-strain at the scale of the tape more accurately. Characteristics, such as the discontinuous stress distribution across the interfaces between different layers and the current shunt from the HTS layer to metallic layers during the quench process of HTS tapes, which are beyond the capability of the homogenization model, have also been well depicted by the refined sub-model.
Atomic structure and transition parameters of the C-like ion K XIV
Authors: Abu El Maati Lamia , Al Salamah Reem , Siddig Abubaker , Alwadie Najah H , Ben Nessib Nabil , Dimitrijević Milan S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Energy levels, lifetimes, oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for the multicharged carbon like K XIV ion have been calculated with the configuration expansion: 2s22p2, 2p4, 2s22p3p, 2s22p4p, 2s2p23s, 2s2p24s, 2s2p23d, 2s2p24d, 2s2p23p, 2s2p24p, 2s22p3s, 2s22p4s, 2s22p3d, 2s22p4d and 2s2p3. Two methods were used in the calculations: the Hartree-Fock pseudo-relativistic approach and the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Amaldi potential approach using the Cowan and the AUTOSTRUCTURE atomic structure codes respectively. Results have been compared with data from National Institute of Standards and Technology Atomic Spectra Database (NIST-ASD) and from other theoretical methods. Obtained new data will be important for plasma analysis in laboratories and for astrophysical modeling.
Study of Bose–Einstein condensate in the presence of the extended uncertainty principle: infinite potential well
Authors: Benkrane Abdelhakim , Benhadjira Abderrahmane 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of the extended uncertainty principle (EUP) and non-linearity on Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) confined within an infinite potential well, described by a deformed one-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE). Exact solutions are derived, and the impact of the EUP and the parameter of interaction g is explored through solution, position, and momentum uncertainties plots. The study reveals significant changes in the probability density and energy spectra, depending on the deformation and non-linearity parameters.
Visually secure traffic image encryption scheme using new two-dimensional Sigmoid-type memristive chaotic map and Laguerre transform embedding
Authors: Wang Lajie , Xu Lichang , Long Guoqiang , Ma Yakun , Xiong Jianping , Wu Jianhua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In intelligent transportation system, unprotected bare data transmission faces serious security threats and challenges. To this end, this paper proposes a visually secure traffic image encryption scheme that combines a newly designed two-dimensional Sigmoid-type memristive chaotic map (2D-SMCM) with two-dimensional compressive sensing (2D-CS) and Laguerre transform (LT) embedding to provide services for secure transmission of private images. Specifically, first, the 2D-SMCM is used to generate pseudo-random sequences for subsequent compression, encryption and hiding operations. Second, the 2D-CS is utilized to compress the plain image to reduce the amount of data transmission. Then, encryption is completed by modifying the data values and their positions through index permutation and bidirectional diffusion. Finally, the encrypted data is embedded in the LT-processed public carrier medium for covert transmission. Experiments and performance analysis illustrate that the proposed scheme has good security, imperceptibility and reconstruction performance, with the average PSNRs of the cipher images and decrypted secret images up to 45.90 dB and 34.85 dB, respectively, using 500 grayscale images from the database BOWS2.
A comprehensive thermodynamic study of the Reissner-Nordström-de sitter black hole with a constant negative curvature surrounded by a quintessence-like anisotropic fluid
Authors: Thariq A , Tharanath R , Sruthy K S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The study investigates the thermodynamic characteristics of Reissner-Nordström black holes in the presence and absence of a quintessence-like fluid. We establish the relationships between key variables, such as mass, temperature, specific heat and Helmholtz free energy, in terms of entropy considering different scenarios. We also assess the value of the horizon radius for the second-order phase transition in the presence of a quintessence-like fluid. We also focus on the effects of logarithmic corrections in entropy, highlighting how these corrections cause the entropy ratio to deviate from unity. Moreover, we discuss the black hole’s equation of state, which serves as the foundation for deriving and plotting the temperature and P-V isotherm. In order to incorporate concepts like Planck’s length, we consider a generalized version of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and derive the constraints on the event horizon radius.
Impact of chemical reactions that generate and absorb heat in the flow induced by a squeezing porous slider
Authors: Alkahtani Badr Saad T , Punith Gowda R J , Alzaid Sara Salem , Sharma Naman , J Madhu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The three-dimensional flow of a viscous fluid induced by an expanding or contracting porous slider under the influence of activation energy with exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions is explored in this study. Moreover, the amount of fluid injected to levitate the slider changes over time according to where it is at any instant. With the aid of similarity variables, the modelling equations relating to the fluid flow are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations. Then, this system of equations is solved numerically with the help of the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg’s fourth fifth-order method (RKF-45). Graphs are used to analyze the impact of the various parameters on the flow, thermal and concentration fields. Results reveal that the velocity profiles get smaller as the wall dilation parameter rises. An anticipated boundary layer development next to the wall results from increased Reynolds number. The temperature profile for an exothermic process has a diminishing influence as the activation energy parameter increases, whereas the opposite consequences are obtained for an endothermic reaction. For an exothermic reaction, the temperature profile rises as the chemical reaction parameter values increase. However, the opposite consequences can be seen for an endothermic reaction.
An EEG channel selection method for motor imagery based on Fisher score and local optimization
Authors: Luo Yangjie , Mu Wei , Wang Lu , Wang Junkongshuai , Wang Pengchao , Gan Zhongxue , Zhang Lihua , Kang Xiaoyang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Multi-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) technology in brain–computer interface (BCI) research offers the advantage of enhanced spatial resolution and system performance. However, this also implies that more time is needed in the data processing stage, which is not conducive to the rapid response of BCI. Hence, it is a necessary and challenging task to reduce the number of EEG channels while maintaining decoding effectiveness. Approach. In this paper, we propose a local optimization method based on the Fisher score for within-subject EEG channel selection. Initially, we extract the common spatial pattern characteristics of EEG signals in different bands, calculate Fisher scores for each channel based on these characteristics, and rank them accordingly. Subsequently, we employ a local optimization method to finalize the channel selection. Main results. On the BCI Competition IV Dataset IIa, our method selects an average of 11 channels across four bands, achieving an average accuracy of 79.37%. This represents a 6.52% improvement compared to using the full set of 22 channels. On our self-collected dataset, our method similarly achieves a significant improvement of 24.20% with less than half of the channels, resulting in an average accuracy of 76.95%. Significance. This research explores the importance of channel combinations in channel selection tasks and reveals that appropriately combining channels can further enhance the quality of channel selection. The results indicate that the model selected a small number of channels with higher accuracy in two-class motor imagery EEG classification tasks. Additionally, it improves the portability of BCI systems through channel selection and combinations, offering the potential for the development of portable BCI systems.
Runaway electron dynamics in ITER disruptions with shattered pellet injections
Authors: Vallhagen O. , Hanebring L. , Artola F.J. , Lehnen M. , Nardon E. , Fülöp T. , Hoppe M. , Newton S.L. , Pusztai I. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study systematically explores the parameter space of disruption mitigation through shattered pellet injection in ITER with a focus on runaway electron (RE) dynamics, using the disruption modeling tool Dream. The physics fidelity is considerably increased compared to previous studies, by e.g. using realistic magnetic geometry, resistive wall configuration, thermal quench onset criteria, as well as including additional effects, such as ion transport and enhanced RE transport during the thermal quench. The work aims to provide a fairly comprehensive coverage of experimentally feasible scenarios, considering plasmas representative of both non-activated and high-performance DT operation, different thermal quench onset criteria and transport levels, a wide range of hydrogen and neon quantities injected in one or two stages, and pellets with various characteristic shard sizes. Using a staggered injection scheme, with a pure hydrogen injection preceding a mixed hydrogen-neon injection, we find injection parameters leading to acceptable RE currents in all investigated discharges without activated runaway sources. Dividing the injection into two stages is found to significantly enhance the assimilation and minimize RE generation due to the hot-tail mechanism. However, while a staggered injection outperforms a single stage injection also in cases with radioactive RE sources, no cases with acceptable RE currents are found for a DT-plasma with a

15

MA

plasma current.
First operation of a multi-channel Q-Pix prototype: measuring transverse electron diffusion in a gas time projection chamber
Authors: Hoch N. , Seidel O. , Chirayath V.A. , Enriquez A.B. , Gramellini E. , Guenette R. , Jaidee I.W. , Keefe K. , Kohani S. , Kubota S. , Mahdy H. , McDonald A.D. , Mei Y. , Miao P. , Newcomer F.M. , Nygren D. , Parmaksiz I. , Rooks M. , Tzoka I. , Wei W.-Z. , Asaadi J. , Battat J.B.R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We report measurements of the transverse diffusion of
electrons in P-10 gas (90% Ar, 10% CH4) in a laboratory-scale
time projection chamber (TPC) utilizing a novel pixelated signal
capture and digitization technique known as Q-Pix. The Q-Pix method
incorporates a precision switched integrating transimpedance
amplifier whose output is compared to a threshold voltage. Upon
reaching the threshold, a comparator sends a 'reset' signal,
initiating a discharge of the integrating capacitor. The time
difference between successive resets is inversely proportional to
the average current at the pixel in that time interval, and the
number of resets is directly proportional to the total collected
charge. We developed a 16-channel Q-Pix prototype fabricated from
commercial off-the-shelf components and coupled them to 16
concentric annular anode electrodes to measure the spatial extent of
the electron swarm that reaches the anode after drifting through the
uniform field of the TPC. The swarm is produced at a gold
photocathode using pulsed UV light. The measured transverse
diffusion agrees with simulations in PyBoltz across a range of
operating pressures (200–1500 Torr). These results demonstrate
that a Q-Pix readout can successfully reconstruct the ionization
topology in a TPC.
Gain variations as induced by the diffuse night sky background: the ASTRI-Horn experience
Authors: Impiombato D. , Compagnino A.A. , Mineo T. , Catalano O. , Giarrusso S. , Maccarone M.C. ,   The ASTRI Project collaboration
Published: June 2024

Abstract
ASTRI-Horn is the prototype of the nine telescopes that form
the ASTRI Mini-Array, under construction at the Teide Observatory in
Tenerife (Spain), devoted to observe the sky in the 1–200 TeV
energy band. It adopts an innovative optical design based on a
dual-mirror Schwarzschild-Couder configuration, and the camera,
composed by a matrix of monolithic multipixel silicon
photomultipliers (SiPMs) is managed by ad-hoc tailored front-end
electronics based on a peak-detector operation mode.

During the Crab Nebula campaign in 2018–2019, ASTRI-Horn was
affected by gain variations induced by high levels of night sky
background. This paper reports the work performed to detect and
quantify the effects of these gain variations in shower images. The
analysis requested the use of simultaneous observations of the night
sky background flux in the wavelength band 300–650 nm performed
with the auxiliary instrument UVscope, a calibrated multi-anode
photomultiplier working in single counting mode. As results, a
maximum gain reduction of 15% was observed, in agreement with the
value previously computed from the variance of the night sky
background level in each image. This ASTRI-Horn gain reduction was
caused by current limitation of the voltage supply.

The analysis presented in this paper provides a method to evaluate
possible variations in the nominal response of SiPMs when scientific
observations are performed in the presence of high night sky
background as in moon conditions.
Nuclear dimension of graph 𝐶*-algebras with Condition (K)
Authors: Faurot Gregory , Schafhauser Christopher 
Published: June 2024

We prove that for any countable directed graph

E
E

with Condition (K), the associated graph

C
∗

C^*

-algebra

C
∗

(
E
)

C^*(E)

has nuclear dimension at most

2
2

. Furthermore, we provide a sufficient condition producing an upper bound of

1
1

.
On a fixed point formula of Navarro–Rizo
Authors: Sambale Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

Let

G
G

be a

π
\pi

-separable group with a Hall

π
\pi

-subgroup

H
H

or order

n
n

. For

x
∈
H

x\in H

let

λ
(
x
)

\lambda (x)

be the number of Hall

π
\pi

-subgroups of

G
G

containing

x
x

. We show that

∏

d
∣
n

∏

x
∈
H

λ
(

x

d

)

n
d

μ
(
d
)

=
1

\prod _{d\mid n}\prod _{x\in H}\lambda (x^{d})^{\frac {n}{d}\mu (d)}=1

, where

μ
\mu

is the Möbius function. This generalizes fixed point formulas for coprime actions by Brauer, Wielandt and Navarro–Rizo. We further investigate an additive version of this formula.