bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the potential for students to contribute to climate data rescue: Introducing the Climate Data Rescue Africa project (CliDaR‐Africa)
Authors: Noone S. , D'Arcy C. , Donegan S. , Durkan W. , Essel B. , Healion K. , Hersbach H. , Madden S. , Marshall J. , McConnell L. , Mensah I. , Scroxton N. , Thiesen S. , Thorne P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe majority of available climate data in global digital archives consist of data only from the 1940s or 1950s onwards, and many of these series have gaps and/or are available for only a subset of the variables which were actually observed. However, there exist billions of historical weather observations from the 1700s, 1800s, and early 1900s that are still in hard‐copy form and are at risk of being lost forever due to deterioration. An assessment of changes in climate extremes in several IPCC regions was not possible in IPCC AR6 WGI owing, in many cases, to the lack of available data. One such region is Africa, where the climate impact research and the ability to predict climate change impacts are hindered by the paucity of access to consistent good‐quality historical observational data. The aim of this innovative project was to use classroom‐based participatory learning to help transcribe some of the many meteorological observations from Africa that are thus far unavailable to researchers. This project transcribed quickly and effectively station series by enrolling the help of second‐year undergraduate students at Maynooth University in Ireland. The newly digitized African data will increase the temporal and spatial coverage of data in this important data‐sparse region. Students gained new skills while helping the global scientific community unearth new insight into past African climate. The project managed to transcribe 79 months of data at Andapa in Madagascar and 56 months of data for Macenta in Guinea. The digitized data will be openly and freely shared with the scientific and wider community via the Pangaea data repository, the C3S Climate Data Store, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) data centre in the US. The project model has the potential for a broader roll‐out to other educational contexts and there is no shortage of data to be rescued. This paper provides details of the project, and all supporting information such as project guidelines and templates to enable other organizations to instigate similar programs.
The impact of natural vegetation restoration on surface soil moisture of secondary forests and shrubs in the karst region of southwest China
Authors: Chen Jia , Zhang Lin , Cai Xianli , Luo Weijun , Lyu Yina , Cheng Anyun , Wang Shijie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoil moisture is crucial to vegetation restoration in karst areas, and climate factors and vegetation restoration are key factors affecting changes in soil moisture. However, there is still much controversy over the long‐term changes in soil moisture during vegetation restoration. In order to reveal the changes in soil moisture during vegetation restoration, we conducted long‐term positioning monitoring of soil moisture at 0–10 and 10–20 cm on secondary forests sample plot (SF, tree land) and shrubs sample plot (SH, shrub land) in karst areas from 2013 to 2020. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of SF and SH increased by 50% and 240%, respectively, and the soil moisture of the SF and SH showed an increasing trend. When shrubs are restored to trees in karst areas, the soil moisture becomes more stable. However, the correlation coefficients (R2) between the annual rainfall and the annual average soil moisture of SF and SH are 0.84 and 0.55, respectively, indicating that soil moistures in tree land are more affected by rainfall. The soil moisture of shrubs and trees are relatively low during the months of alternating rainy and dry seasons. Rainfall has a very significant impact on the soil moisture of tree land, while air temperature and wind speed have a significant impact on the soil moisture of tree land, but the soil moistures of shrub land are very significantly affected by rainfall and relative humidity. Therefore, during the process of vegetation restoration from shrubs to trees, the main meteorological factors that affect soil moisture changes will change. The results are important for understanding the hydrological processes in the ecological restoration process of different vegetation types in karst areas.
A sweet burden? The effect of bride prices on parents' health
Authors: Chen Yuan , Ding Yue , Huang Jingwei , Li Xun , Wu Kaidi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe bride price, as an informal institution originated from traditional culture, is pervasive in many areas of the developing world in a form of a payment from the family of the groom to that of the bride at marriage. We study the effects of bride price on parents' health in China. Using information on bride price payment and various health measures from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we find that the bride price significantly reduces self‐reported health among the grooms' parents after addressing the endogeneity issue with average sex ratio within a family computed as an instrumental variable. The reductions are heterogenous across urban and rural areas. Mechanism analysis suggests the negative health outcomes are driven by family debt, heavier psychological stress and longer work hours caused by bride price payments.
Enhanced channel prediction in large‐scale 5G MIMO‐OFDM systems using pyramidal dilation attention convolutional neural network
Authors: Rathish Chirakkal Radhakrishnan , Manojkumar Balakrishnan , Thanga Mariappan Lakshmanaperumal , Ashok Panchapakesan , Arun Kumar Udayakumar , Balan Krishnan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order to enhance communication while minimizing complexity in 5G and beyond, MIMO‐OFDM systems need accurate channel prediction. In order to enhance channel prediction, decrease Error Vector Magnitude, Peak Power, and Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio, this study employs the Pyramidal Dilation Attention Convolutional Neural Network (PDACNN). Simplified clipping with filtering (SCF) reduces PAPR data, and this technique employs a PDACNN trained with the reduced data. By combining attention techniques with pyramidal dilated convolutions, the suggested PDACNN architecture is able to extract OFDM channel parameters across several scales. Attention approaches enhance channel prediction by allowing the model to dynamically concentrate on essential information. The primary objective is to make use of the network's ability to comprehend intricate spatial–temporal connections in OFDM channel data. The goal of these techniques is to make channel forecasts more accurate and resilient while decreasing concerns about EVM, Peak Power, and ACLR. To confirm the effectiveness of the suggested CP‐LSMIMO‐OFDM‐PDACNN, we measure its spectral efficiency, peak‐to‐average power ratio, bit error rate (BER), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and throughput. Throughput gains of 23.76%, 30.45%, and 18.97% are achieved via CP‐LSMIMO‐OFDM‐PDACNN, while bit error rates of 20.67%, 12.78%, and 19.56% are reduced. PAPRs of 21.66%, 23.09%, and 25.11% are also decreased.
An artificial intelligence‐based dental semantic search engine as a reliable tool for dental students and educators
Authors: Prakash Krishna , Prakash Ram 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThis study proposes the utilization of a Natural Language Processing tool to create a semantic search engine for dental education while addressing the increasing concerns of accuracy, bias, and hallucination in outputs generated by AI tools. The paper focuses on developing and evaluating DentQA, a specialized question‐answering tool that makes it easy for students to seek information to access information located in handouts or study material distributed by an institution.MethodsDentQA is structured upon the GPT3.5 language model, utilizing prompt engineering to extract information from external dental documents that experts have verified. Evaluation involves non‐human metrics (BLEU scores) and human metrics for the tool's performance, relevance, accuracy, and functionality.ResultsNon‐human metrics confirm DentQA's linguistic proficiency, achieving a Unigram BLEU score of 0.85. Human metrics reveal DentQA's superiority over GPT3.5 in terms of accuracy (p = 0.00004) and absence of hallucination (p = 0.026). Additional metrics confirmed consistent performance across different question types (X2 (4, N = 200) = 13.0378, p = 0.012). User satisfaction and performance metrics support DentQA's usability and effectiveness, with a response time of 3.5 s and over 70% satisfaction across all evaluated parameters.ConclusionsThe study advocates using a semantic search engine in dental education, mitigating concerns of misinformation and hallucination. By outlining the workflow and the utilization of open‐source tools and methods, the study encourages the utilization of similar tools for dental education while underscoring the importance of customizing AI models for dentistry. Further optimizations, testing, and utilization of recent advances can contribute to dental education significantly.
A prospective study on the histological evaluation of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis using endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy with a 19‐gauge Franseen needle
Authors: Ishikawa Takuya , Yamao Kentaro , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Iida Tadashi , Uetsuki Kota , Shimoyama Yoshie , Nakamura Masanao , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Yamamura Takeshi , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground/PurposeTo assess the diagnostic efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB) using a 19‐gauge Franseen needle for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).MethodsTwenty patients suspected of having type 1 AIP were prospectively enrolled and underwent EUS‐FNB with a 19‐gauge Franseen needle. Their data were compared with those of historical controls: a total of 29 type 1 AIP patients had EUS‐FNB with a 22‐gauge Franseen needle.ResultsSpecimens suitable for histological evaluation were obtained from 19 of the 20 patients (95%), and the median total tissue area was 11.9 mm2. The histological diagnosis rate of AIP was 65% (95% CI: 43.2%–82%). Adverse events were observed in three patients (15%), and a switch to 22‐gauge needles occurred during transduodenal puncture in two patients. Compared to those punctured with 22‐gauge needles, patients punctured with 19‐gauge needles had greater prevalence of each characteristic feature of lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis, but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsEUS‐FNB using a 19‐gauge Franseen needle demonstrated favorable performance for the histological diagnosis of AIP and allowed for large tissue samples, potentially facilitating pathological diagnosis. However, during transduodenal puncture, maneuverability is reduced; therefore, the needle may need to be selected according to the puncture site.
Evaluation and novel treatment in a case of refractory small bowel‐small bowel intussusception
Authors: Rabinowitz Danielle G. , Rufo Paul A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSmall bowel into small bowel intussusception can present with symptoms similar to those observed in patients with more common small bowel into large bowel intussusception. In most cases, intussusceptions isolated to the small bowel are self‐limited and less likely to result in bowel ischemia. Nonetheless, any patient with recurrent intussusception should be evaluated to assess location and for the presence of a pathologic lead point. We report a patient with recurrent small bowel into small bowel intussusception who underwent a comprehensive evaluation that revealed lymphoid hyperplasia in the absence of a pathologic lead point. His symptoms resolved after a dose of oral dexamethasone.
Microsurgical reconstruction for head and neck in patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing dialysis
Authors: Hung Chen‐Ting , Wu Meng‐Si , Wang Chien‐Hsing , Cheng Li‐Fu , Chou Yu‐Fu , Lee Chia‐Fone , Chen Peir‐Rong , Lee Jiunn‐Tat 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionFree flap transfer for head and neck defects has gained worldwide acceptance. Because flap failure is a devastating outcome, studies have attempted to identify risk factors—including renal failure. We sought to determine whether end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing dialysis are at increased risk of flap failure following microsurgical head and neck reconstruction.Patients and MethodsThe study's participants were patients who underwent free flap reconstruction in the head and neck region at Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital between January 2010 and December 2019. We used the National Health Insurance “Specific Diagnosis and Treatment Code” to identify patients undergoing dialysis; these patients comprised the dialysis group, whose members were matched to a non‐dialysis group for age and gender. The dependent variables were flap survival rate, take‐back rate, and flap failure risk between the dialysis and non‐dialysis groups.ResultsWe included 154 patients in the dialysis (n = 14) and non‐dialysis (n = 140) groups. The groups were similar in terms of age and most comorbidities, except diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease, which were more prevalent in the dialysis group. The dialysis and non‐dialysis groups had similar flap survival rates (100% vs. 92.9%; p = .600). Twenty‐three patients underwent take‐back surgery, most in the non‐dialysis group (14.3% vs. 15.0%; p = 1.000). Patients in the dialysis group were more likely to have prolonged intensive care unit stays; however, dialysis alone did not predict flap failure (OR: 0.83; p = .864).ConclusionThis study found no significant differences in free flap survival and take‐back rates between patients with and without dialysis. Dialysis did not increase the risk of flap failure following microsurgical head and neck reconstruction in this study; however, prospective, randomized controlled trials are needed.
Revision Cochlear Implantation With Device Manufacturer Conversion: Surgical Outcomes and Speech Perception Performance
Authors: Yaar‐Soffer Yifat , Shapira Yisgav , Sagiv Doron , Yakir Ziva , Wolfovitz Amit , Henkin Yael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the clinical profile of revision cochlear implantation (RCI) cases involving device manufacturer conversion (RCImc+), compare them to cases without manufacturer conversion (RCImc−), and classify the reasons for manufacturer conversion (MC).Study DesignRetrospective case review.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsData on demographics, RCI indications, medical background, surgical details, and the reasons for MC were collected for all RCIs from 1989 to 2020. Post‐RCI speech perception performance was categorized as unchanged, improved, or declined, according to clinically based criteria.ResultsOf 185 RCIs, 39 (21%) involved MC, mostly in pediatric patients (67%). The leading RCImc+ indications were device‐related (59%) and medical (31%) failures. Initial implant manufacturers were Advanced Bionics (49%), Cochlear (25.5%), or Medel (25.5%). Most MC reasons were patient‐driven (64%) versus CI team recommendations (36%). The RCImc+ group demonstrated a 3‐fold higher rate of medical indications than RCImc− (31% vs 11.5%, P = .007). The time interval from symptom onset to RCI was longer in RCImc+ (43 vs 20.3 months, P = .001), and the rate of multiple revisions in the same ear was higher (25.6% vs 8.2%, P = .009). Complete reinsertion rates were high in both RCImc+ and RCImc− (94.8% vs 94.5%, P = 1) without any complications. Speech perception improved or remained unchanged in most (84%) cases, with no significant difference between the groups (P = .183).ConclusionThis retrospective study showed that RCI involving MC is safe and beneficial. Although RCImc+ patients exhibited distinct clinical characteristics, MC did not impact surgical or speech perception outcomes. This provides evidence‐based data to support informed decision‐making by CI teams and patients.
Enhanced thermo‐mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced thermoresistant polymer, a blend of di‐functional epoxy bisphenol A and a tri‐functional epoxy Tactix 742
Authors: Anurangi Jayani , Jayalath Sandaruwan , Rani Senevirathna Sandhya , Herath Madhubhashitha , Epaarachchi Jayantha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFiber reinforced polymer composite structures are particularly vulnerable to high temperatures as their strength drastically reduces under elevated temperature conditions. Therefore, it is important to improve the thermal stability of such composite structures to expand their potential range of applications. In this study, the effect of mixing two epoxy monomers, DGEBA and Tactix 742, which are di‐ and tri‐functional, respectively, on the thermal stability of their composites is investigated. The thermo‐mechanical analysis of these composites revealed that the glass transition temperature rose from 123 to 229°C when Tactix 742 is increased from 25% to 75%. The thermal resistance property is attributed to a three‐dimensional crosslink network which is initiated by tri‐functional Tactix 742. However, the higher percentage of Tactix led to a reduction in strength, possibly due to decreased crystallinity and formed amorphous phase material. Subsequently, a tensile strength model was employed to assess the performance at elevated temperatures. It was shown that a matrix with a mix of di‐ and tri‐functional monomers is highly promising for manufacturing thermoresistant polymeric composites with robust mechanical properties, thereby expanding their potential applications across various engineering fields such as civil and construction industries.Highlights
A thermoresistant matrix by blending di‐ and tri‐functional epoxy monomers.
Improved thermo‐mechanical properties and increased glass transition temperature of fiber reinforced composites.
Mechanical performance of carbon fiber reinforced composites at elevated temperatures.
Validated a model to estimate the tensile strengths of the composites at elevated temperatures.
Clearing the light path: Proteoglycans and their important roles in the lens and cornea
Authors: Stepp Mary Ann , Menko A. Sue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSome of the earliest studies of glycans were performed on mammalian corneas and lenses with many of the key concepts we currently recognize as being fundamental to our understanding of basic cell biology arising from these studies. Proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains are essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the lens capsule. They also are present in the anterior corneal epithelial basement membrane and the posterior (Decemet's) basement membrane, and they organize collagen fiber diameters and spacing in the corneal stroma to maintain stromal clarity. Studies using genetically engineered mice and characterization of spontaneously arising mutations in genes controlling proteoglycan synthesis have generated new insight into the roles played by proteoglycans in signal transduction. We now know that proteoglycans and GAGs can regulate cell signaling and the maintenance of avascularity and immune privilege that are hallmarks of these tissues. In addition, proteoglycan‐rich matrices provide the pathways for immune cells to populate the surface of the lens as a response to corneal wounding and in a model of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Here we describe what is known about proteoglycans and GAGs in the cornea and lens. This knowledge has begun to provide promising leads into new proteoglycan‐based treatments aimed at restoring and maintaining homeostasis in the cornea. Future studies are needed to determine how these new drugs impact the recruitment of immune cells to the lens for functions in restoring/maintaining homeostasis in the eye.
Two new user‐friendly methods to assess pharmacometric parameter identifiability on categorical and continuous scales
Authors: van Noort Martijn , Ruppert Martijn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParameter identifiability methods assess whether the parameters of a model are uniquely determined by the observations. While the success of a model fit can provide some information on this, it can be valuable to determine identifiability before any fit has been attempted, or to separate identifiability from other issues. Two concepts that lean themselves well for identifiability analysis and have been underutilized are the sensitivity matrix (SM) and the Fisher information matrix (FIM). This paper presents two newly developed methods, one based on the SM and one based on the FIM. Both methods can assess local identifiability for a wide set of models, can be used with limited effort, and are freely available. The methods require the proposed model in the form of a set of differential equations, the parameter values, and the study design as input. They can be used a priori, as they do not need observed values or a successful model fit. Traditional methods provide a single categorical (yes/no) answer to the question of identifiability. In many cases, this is not very informative, and identifiability depends on study design (e.g., dose levels or observation times) and parameter values. Indicators on a continuous scale characterizing the level of identifiability would provide more detailed and relevant information, for example, to guide model development. Our two methods provide both categorical and continuous indicators. Both methods indicate which parameter combinations are difficult to identify by calculating the directions in parameter space that are least identifiable. The methods were validated with an example problem.
Arctic amplification‐induced intensification of planetary wave modulational instability: A simplified theory of enhanced large‐scale waviness
Authors: Luo Dehai , Luo Binhe , Zhang Wenqi , Zhuo Wenqin , Simmonds Ian , Yao Yao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the mid–high latitude atmosphere, the instability of planetary waves characterizes enhanced planetary wave activity or amplified large‐scale waviness leading to increased regional weather extremes. In this paper, a nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived to describe the evolution of planetary waves. Then the consequences of Arctic amplification (AA)‐induced meridional background potential vorticity (PVy) changes on the modulational instability of planetary waves are examined. It is found that the modulational instability of uniform planetary wave trains mainly results from the presence of high‐order dispersion and nonlinearity, even though such an instability depends on the amplitude, vertical structure and zonal wavenumber of uniform planetary waves and the atmospheric stratification. Because the nonlinearity and high‐order dispersion depend on the magnitude of PVy, the modulational instability of planetary waves is significantly influenced by the variation of PVy associated with AA. It is also revealed that stronger modulational instability of planetary waves tends to occur in the smaller PVy region or in higher latitudes due to both stronger nonlinearity and weaker high‐order dispersion for fixed background and planetary wave parameters, which is conducive to more intense large‐scale waviness. However, because AA can reduce PVy in the mid–high latitudes mainly in the lower troposphere via reductions of winter zonal winds and meridional temperature gradients, the reduced PVy under AA can significantly enhance the modulational instability. Thus, the role of AA is to amplify planetary wave activity in mid–high latitudes through strengthening the modulational instability of planetary waves due to reduced PVy, which further enhances large‐scale waviness.