bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoblast Formation by Recirculating and Non‐Recirculating Rat Lymphocytes Cultured in Diffusion Chambers
Authors: Benestad Haakon Breien , Iversen Jens‐Gustav , Rolstad Bent 
Published: August 2010

Rat lymphocytes of two types were obtained and their reactions to antigens studied in an in vivo situation. Lymphocytes which recirculate between blood and lymph (RL) were collected from a thoracic duct catheter, and non‐recirculating lymphocytes (NRL) were separated from the blood of rats that had been depleted of thoracic duct lymph for up to six days. The cells were suspended in diluted mouse plasma and cultured for three or five days in diffusion chambers. The cell‐impermeable chambers were implanted into the peritoneal cavities of rats, mice, or irradiated mice. The proliferation, differentiation and death of the cells were quantified by total and differential cell counting and by liquid scintillation measurement and radioautographic evaluation of 3H‐thymidine incorporating cells.Lymphoid cell populations contained immunoblast precursor cells in numbers roughly proportional to the content of RL. Even after prolonged lymph drainage, however, some blast cells were still detected among cultured blood leucocytes. The presence of macrophages did not appear to influence the formation of blast cells. A slight morphological difference between typical RL and NRL has been observed, the latter cells having some monocyte features.
Eosinopoiesis in the Spleen of Normal Rats Autoradiographic Studies
Authors: BRO‐RASMUSSEN FREDE 
Published: August 2010

Two groups of normal inbred female rats, aged 3 and 5–6 months, and three groups of germ‐free female rats, aged 3, 5–6, and 10–11 months, received a single injection of tritiated thymidine.After varying intervals the rats were killed. The spleens were homogenized and suspended in physiological saline. The suspensions were studied for eosinophil count and the percentage of radioactively labelled eosinophils. The corresponding values for the spleens were calculated. At the same time the eosinophil cells and the labelling index in the peripheral blood were studied.The germ‐free rats showed considerably lower counts in the blood and spleen than did the others. In all groups there was parallelism between eosinophils in the blood and in the spleen.All spleens exhibited eosinopoiesis and some parallelism between this activity and the circulating eosinophils.Splenectomy in control rats did not give rise to measurable changes in the number of circulating eosinophils.It is concluded that apart from being formed by local eosinopoiesis, the eosinophilic cells of the spleen have been transported by the blood and stored in the spleen. The function of the spleen as a depot of eosinophilic cells probably plays no major role. Splenic eosinopoiesis is not, and cannot be expected to be, of importance to the number of circulating eosinophils.
The Influence of a Combined Oral Contraceptive on the Absorption of Iron
Authors: NORRBY ANDERS , RYBO GÖRAN , SÖLVELL LENNART 
Published: August 2010

The absorption of iron was studied before and during oral contraceptive therapy in 6 normal women using a whole body counter. The absorption was measured 4 times in each subject. The basal absorption during therapy was unchanged compared to the basal absorption before treatment. After phlebotomy the absorption increased to the same extent before as well as during contraceptive therapy.Plasma iron concentration and TIBC increased during the therapy. The reason for the increased plasma iron concentration is probably that there was an increased mobilization of iron from stores mediated by the elevated transferrin concentration.
Platelet Production and Platelet Survival in Polycythaemia Vera with Special Reference to the Spleen Size
Authors: KUTTI JACK , WEINFELD ALEKSANDER 
Published: August 2010

Studies of platelet survival and of platelet production rate were performed in 20 patients with active polycythaemia vera (PV). 8 of them were classified as non‐splenomegalic and 12 had splenomegaly. The results were compared with a control material consisting of 16 haematologically normal subjects of similar age. Platelet recovery was significantly lower in splenomegalic as compared with non‐splenomegalic PV patients. Platelet recovery in the latter group was, however, also significantly lower than in control subjects.Platelet mean life span and platelet half‐life time were obtained by fitting the experimental data to an arbitrary mathematical function by using a digital computer. The results indicate that platelet survival is shorter in PV patients with splenomegaly as compared with PV patients wihout splenomegaly.Irrespective of the peripheral platelet count the platelet production rate in all PV patients exceeded the upper range for the control subjects. The mean platelet production rate was approximately 9 times normal in the splenomegalic group, and 5 times normal in the group without splenomegaly. There was a large individual variation for the platelet production rate, and the dispersion of values was more pronounced in the splenomegalic group.
Sea‐Blue Histiocytes in Familial Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency
Authors: JACOBSEN CARL DITLEF , GJONE EGIL , HOVIG TORSTEIN 
Published: August 2010

Histiocytes containing large blue‐green granules on Wright or Giemsa stain have been described in several different clinical conditions, some of them with hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. These conditions have been ill‐defined with no common characteristics.In the present report evidence is given for the presence of ‘sea‐blue histiocytes’ in all five patients with familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency examined. From electron microscopic studies it is suggested that the characteristic cytological appearance of the histiocytes in the spleen and bone marrow in these patients may be due to increased phagocytosis and decomposition of blood cells, or more probably to uptake of phospholipid‐containing membraneous material directly from plasma.
Studies on Thrombin Infusion in Dogs
Authors: RØ J. S. , FLATMARK A. 
Published: August 2010

Intravascular coagulation, haemolysis and strong secondary fibrinolysis were induced by thrombin infusion in 6 dogs. Trasylolr̀ treatment increased the consumption of clotting factors and platelets, increased haemolysis, but markedly inhibited the secondary fibrinolysis. One of these 5 dogs died with demonstrable thrombi in lungs and kidneys.Prolonged thrombin and reptilase clotting times coincided with high amounts of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). In the initial stage of fibrinolysis plasminogen and proteolytic capacity was normal. A delayed drop in these assays was observed, concomitantly with normal FDP. This drop largely indicated a sustained plasminogen consumption due to continuous fibrinolysis initiated by residual thrombi and/or subclinical clotting.A transient leucopenia, relatively more pronounced than the platelet reduction, was found following thrombin infusion, even in dogs treated with kallikrein inhibitor. This suggests that leucocyte counting may be valuable in diagnosing disseminated intravascular coagulation.Thrombin infusion induced low Thrombotest, but unchanged Normotest values, although these assays are considered to measure the same factors (II/VII/X). The discrepancy was less in Trasylolr̀‐treated dogs.
Serum Lactoferrin in Leukaemia and Polycythaemia vera
Authors: MALMQUIST JÖRGEN 
Published: August 2010

Lactoferrin is an iron‐binding protein present in various secretions as well as in the neutrophilic granulocyte series. A radioimmunodiffusion method has been used for the measurement of this protein in serum.Normal sera contain up to 3.5 mg/l of lactoferrin. Elevated concentrations were encountered in patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia and polycythaemia vera.
Serum Myeloperoxidase in Leukaemia and Polycythaemia vera
Authors: MALMQUIST JÖRGEN 
Published: August 2010

Myeloperoxidase is a haem enzyme which is a characteristic constituent of the neutrophil granulocyte series and of monocytes.Using myeloperoxidase purified from human granulocytes and myelocytes, a radio‐immunodiffusion method for the measurement of this protein has been developed. Normal sera were found to contain only traces (up to 2 mg/l) of myeloperoxidase. Elevated concentrations (up to above 10 mg/l) were found in some patients with acute leukaemia, monocytic leukaemia, and chronic myelocytic leukaemia. Minor elevations occurred in 5 of 13 cases of polycythaemia vera.The findings are discussed in relation to current knowledge on the synthesis and intracellular localization of myeloperoxidase.
Effect of Dietary Iron on Iron Absorption in Man
Authors: NORRBY ANDERS , SÖLVELL LENNART 
Published: August 2010

Earlier studies have failed to show any influence of dietary iron on the absorption of iron in man.In the present investigation the absorption of a 0.56 mg59Fe++test dose was randomly studied two times in the same individual — after one week on an iron deficient diet and after one week on an iron rich diet. The different types of diet were found to have a significant influence on the results of the absorption measurement being about 20 % after iron rich food and about 30 % after iron deficient diet. The finding is of importance when evaluating absorption data from small test doses in man.
LDH Activity and Isoenzymes in Platelets: Relation to Thrombopoietic Activity in Man and Rats
Authors: KNUDSEN FINN URSIN 
Published: August 2010

LDH and isoenzymes in platelets from man and from rats were studied during normal and abnormal thrombopoiesis. The LDH isoenzyme distribution (log H/M) was determined by disc polyacrylarnide electrophoresis, split‐gel technique, total LDH activity per platelet (LDH/platelet) by fluorometry.In 15 normal subjects there was no correlation between log H/M and LDH/platelet or platelets/μl, whereas LDH/platelet was significant, negatively correlated to the platelet count.Compared with 15 controls, 13 patients with metastasizing cancer showed a significantly lower log H/M, higher LDH/platelet, and higher platelet count. In platelets from 25 rats there was, during normal thrombopoiesis, no correlation between log H/M, LDH/platelet, and platelet count. M‐LDH activity constituted 97 % of the total LDH activity in rat platelets.During bleeding‐induced thrombocytosis the LDH/platelet was significantly lower and the log H/M unchanged, i.e. the M‐LDH activity was lower compared with the prebleeding values. The change in LDH/platelet and M activity was significant, negatively correlated to the change in the platelet count. Platelet volume/platelet was unchanged. The normal and abnormal LDH and isoenzymes of the platelets are assumed to have originated in megakaryocyte cytoplasm.
The Physiological Significance of the Hill Parameter n‘
Authors: BELLINGHAM A. J. 
Published: August 2010

A study of the abnormal haemoglobins with altered oxygen affinity shows that changes in the shape of the oxygen dissociation curve, as measured by the Hill constant ‘n’, have a significant effect on tissue oxygen delivery independent of the effect of the altered oxygen affinity.It is suggested that in the presence of a high oxygen affinity maintenance of subunit interaction is deleterious whereas with a decreased oxygen affinity it is advantageous. This suggestion is supported by the relative incidence of altered oxygen equilibria reported in association with abnormal haemoglobins.
Quantity of Diagnostic Blood Sampling and Its Clinical Relevance
Authors: HELIN PEKKA , VIDEBÆK AAGE 
Published: August 2010

For each of 155 consecutive patients admitted to a medical ward was measured the amount of blood drawn for laboratory studies throughout the stay in hospital. 90 % of the patients had drawn less than a total of 200 g blood and 5 % more than a total of 300 g. The average loss per day was 9.5 g and per venipuncture 26.8 g. The quantity of blood drawn diagnostically is so large that blood sampling should be avoided during a red‐cell survival study.The influence of the blood loss upon the haemoglobin and haematocrit values was studied by a regression analysis which could be carried through for 72 of the patients. 4 patients only showed silghtly decreasing values which most likely should be ascribed to the diagnostic blood sampling.
Erythrocyte Pooling and Sequestration in Enlarged Spleens: Estimations of Splenic Erythrocyte and Fiasma Volume in Splenomegalic Patients
Authors: Christensen B. Egelund 
Published: August 2010

Erythrocyte pooling and sequestration in the spleen were studied in 73 patients with splenomegaly due to various haematological disorders using 51Cr‐labelled autologous erythrocytes and surface counting. Arbitrary values for the accumulation of activity in spleens of different sizes were obtained by correcting measured splenic surface activities (correction factors have been experimentally estimated). Absolute values for the splenic content of 51Cr and 125I were obtained by comparative surface activity measurements over the enlarged spleen and a model of the spleen charged with a known amount of activity. In this way the splenic erythrocyte and plasma volume may be estimated.In cases of pronounced splenomegaly without complicating immunohaemolysis the splenic erythrocyte pool (splenic erythrocyte volume/total erythrocyte volume) increases with increasing splenic weight, apparently independently of the underlying haematological disorder, the splenic erythrocyte content varying only with body haematocrit. Hyperhaemolysis is a regular finding in enlarged spleens. The splenic erythrocyte sequestration rate increases with increasing splenic erythrocyte pool and is much higher in myeloproliferative than in lymphoproliferative disorders. The total plasma volume is expanded in splenomegalic patients, but the splenic plasma volume constitutes only a minor part of this increment.The anaemia of splenomegalic patients is a consequence of splenic erythrocyte concentration and hypersequestration combined with expansion of the plasma volume. Frequently the total erythropoietic capacity is reduced. Splenectomy is regularly followed by an increased venous haemoglobin concentration.
Changes in Spleen Cellularity and Erythrocyte Accumulation Following Rauscher Virus Infection in the Mouse
Authors: Markoe Arnold M. , Okunewick James P. 
Published: August 2010

The nature of the relationship of the spleen enlargement effected by Rauscher virus infection of SJL/J mice has been investigated with reference to cell proliferation in the spleen and to splenic red blood cell pooling and anaemia. The gross splenic nucleated cell content was found to increase linearly with spleen weight. The ratio of total spleen cells to nucleated spleen cells was identical at a value of 1.75 to 1 for both normal and virus‐infected mice even though in the latter some spleen sizes were as high as 30 times normal. On a per milligram basis, the average splenic accumulation of 59Fe‐labelled normal red blood cells by normal mice was approximately twice as great as by 18‐day leukaemic mice, even though the leukaemic spleens contained a greater fraction of the injected label.Anaemia was seen to develop shortly after injection of the virus, reducing the haematocrit to values of less than 40 by two weeks. Compensatory increase in reticulocyte number did not occur until after the major fall in venous haematocrit had already been achieved. Peripheral white blood cell counts increased with time after virus injection and these correlated positively with spleen size, the relation being logarithmic.
The Increase in the Number of Circulating Megakaryocytes and Blood Platelets in Rats after Surgery
Authors: Pedersen N. Tinggaard 
Published: August 2010

The effect of surgery on the number of circulating megakaryocytes in the inferior vena cava was studied in 58 female rats 1–20 d after intervention. A significant postoperative increase in the number of circulating megakaryocytes was found, without any change in the percentage distribution of megakaryocytes with copious cytoplasm (27 % as against 25 %) and naked nuclei.The number of blood platelets on the first three post‐operative days was normal, but showed an increase from day 4 to day 18 with a maximum increase on days 7–11 to about 150 %.
Red Blood Cell Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Lysis in Various Dyshaemopoietic Disorders
Authors: Stathakis N. , Papayannis A. G. , Scliros Ph. , Gardikas C. 
Published: August 2010

144 patients with various dyshaemopoietic disorders were tested for red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC‐AChE) activity and for in vitro lysis in the acidified‐serum test and sucrose haemolysis test. The RBC‐AChE activity was significantly reduced in acute leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia and myelofibrosis. In all other cases the enzyme activity was normal, except in patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia complicated with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. The acidified‐serum test was negative in all cases. The sucrose haemolysis test was positive in a significant number of patients, particularly in those with acute leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia and myelofibrosis.The acute leukaemia and myelofibrosis cases with severe anaemia had lower RBC‐AChE activity than those without or with mild anaemia; also cases with positive sucrose lysis test had lower AChE activity than those with negative test.
The Influence of Fibrinogen Degradation Products on the Reptilase‐Time of Plasma
Authors: Arnesen Harald , Kierulf Peter , Godal Hans Chr. 
Published: August 2010

The Reptilase and thrombin clotting times of plasma containing increasing amounts of various FDP, and from patients on urokinase therapy, were equally prolonged. At the point of visible gelation, equal amounts of fibrin were formed with Reptilase and thrombin, as indicated by generation of N‐terminal glycine.Dialysis of the Reptilase reagent markedly increased the effect of FDP on the Reptilase time. The presence of glycine in the Reptilase reagent is suggested to counteract the influence of polymerization inhibitors, by lowering pH in the clotting mixture and by decreasing the solubility of fibrin/fibrinogen.
Clinical Classification and Evaluation of Treatment Response in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia on the Basis of Differences of Leukaemic Cell Differentiation
Authors: Brincker Hans 
Published: August 2010

A simple rating system is proposed in which 3 levels of increasing differentiation ‐ ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’ ‐ are defined for the leukaemic cells in acute myeloid leukaemia. Using this rating system a series of 31 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia could be divided into an ‘A’‐group of 12 cases, a ‘B’‐group of 10 cases, and a ‘C’‐group of 9 cases.A statistically significant association was found between high leucocyte counts and low degree of leukaemic cell differentiation, and vice versa. The occurrence of the ‘C’‐cases exclusively in patients over 48 years of age differed significantly from that seen for the ‘A’‐cases, the latter being evenly distributed throughout all age groups. Observation of leukaemic cell maturation during treatment suggests that the appearance of more highly differentiated leukaemic cells as well as a reduction of the leukaemic cell mass represents a positive response to treatment. Thus, the proposed rating system may be more sensitive to marginal therapeutic benefits than conventional rating systems.
Composition and Mitotic Activity of the Erythropoietic Part of the Bone Marrow in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Sjögren U. , Brandt L. 
Published: August 2010

The Hb concentration was successively reduced when leucocytosis increased in 27 untreated patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The proportion of erythropoietic cells within the bone marrow was not significantly changed with increasing WBC counts from 20,000–340,000. The development of anaemia was associated with an increase in basophilic erythroblasts within the erythropoietic pool and an augmentation of the mitotic indices of the erythroblasts. Concurrently with the accumulation of early erythroid precursor cells a similar ‘shift to the left’ was observed within the granulopoietic part of the bone marrow.The results indicate that the development of anaemia during the course of CML is not associated with a reduction of erythropoietic tissue. On the contrary, the erythropoietic pool is probably greater in anaemic patients with severe leucocytosis than in non‐anaemic patients with only moderate leucocytosis since the total mass of bone marrow is considerably increased in CML in relapse. It is suggested that the differentiation of early erythroblasts towards more mature erythroid cells becomes progressively blocked during the course of the disease, resulting in an accumulation of basophilic erythroblasts and contributing to the development of anaemia.
Autonomy of the PHA‐Responsive Cells in the Mouse Thymus
Authors: Jacobsson Hans , Blomgren Henric 
Published: August 2010

Lymphopoiesis in the thymus and the size attained by the gland, unlike peripheral lymphoid organs, is considered not to be influenced by any external homeostatic forces. Recently it was observed that a minority of the thymic cells, approximately 5 %, are immunocompetent and respond to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) by an increased DNA synthesis. In the present investigation we have tested whether the size of this subpopulation of cells is also maintained in an autonomous way. Thymectomized and sham thymectomized adult mice were lethally X‐irradiated and reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow or foetal liver cells. Such animals received a thymus graft, obtained from newborn syngeneic donors, under the kidney capsule. At various times after transplantation the cell numbers in the grafts were established and their in vitro responsiveness to PHA determined. It was observed that neither the total cell number nor the size of the PHA‐responsive cell population differed whether the host's thymus was removed or not. In other experiments thymic repopulation was studied in lethally irradiated mice reconstituted by haemopoietic cells only or together with PHA‐responsive thymocytes injected i.v. These experiments showed that re‐population of the total thymic cell population as well as its subpopulation of PHA‐responsive cells was not influenced by the presence of PHA‐responsive, thymus‐derived cells in peripheral organs.These experiments support the view that not only the size of the cortical thymocyte population, constituting the majority of the thymic cell population, but also that of the medullary one which contains the PHA‐responsive celle is maintained in an autonomous way not influenced by specific external feed‐back mechanisms.
The Effect of Products D and E on the Thrombin Induced Conversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin
Authors: Arnesen Harald 
Published: August 2010

N‐terminal amino acid analysis was used to study the influence of degradation products D and E on the thrombin‐fibrinogen reaction.Product E inhibited thrombin activity, but no release of fibrinopeptides was observed during its incubation with thrombin. The thrombin inhibitory effect of product E was competitive, immediate, non‐progressive, and not potentiated by heparin. Product D inhibited fibrin polymerization only. Even this inhibition was found to be competitive.