bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Elinogrel
Authors: Angiolillo Dominick J. , Welsh Robert C. , Trenk Dietmar , Neumann Franz-Josef , Conley Pamela B. , McClure Matthew W. , Stephens Gillian , Kochman Janusz , Jennings Lisa K. , Gurbel Paul A. , Wójcik Jarosław , Dabrowski Marek , Saucedo Jorge F. , Stumpf Juergen , Buerke Michael , Broderick Samuel , Harrington Robert A. , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: May 2012

Background—

Elinogrel is the only selective, competitive and reversible platelet P2Y
12
inhibitor available in both intravenous (IV) and oral formulations.

Methods and Results—
This substudy of the Intravenous and Oral Administration of Elinogrel to Evaluate Tolerability and Efficacy in Nonurgent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention patients (INNOVATE-PCI) trial evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of two dosing regimens of IV followed by oral elinogrel (120 mg IV plus 100 mg oral twice daily; 120 mg IV plus 150 mg oral twice daily) versus standard clopidogrel therapy (300–600 mg oral loading dose plus 75 mg oral maintenance dose) in 56 patients undergoing nonurgent PCI. At time of randomization, 71.4% (40/56) of patients were using maintenance clopidogrel therapy. In the acute phase, an IV bolus of elinogrel achieved more rapid and potent antiplatelet effects compared with clopidogrel, which were sustained during the transition from the IV to the oral formulation in the first 24 hours of the peri-PCI period. During chronic therapy, elinogrel achieved similar levels of platelet reactivity compared with clopidogrel before the next oral dose and, although platelet reactivity was lower with elinogrel up to 6 hours after daily oral maintenance dosing, these differences were not statistically significant. These pharmacodynamic effects matched the pharmacokinetic profile of elinogrel. There were no differences in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects between the two elinogrel dosing regimens.

Conclusions—
Compared with clopidogrel, the combination of IV and oral elinogrel achieves more rapid and enhanced antiplatelet effects that were sustained through the transition to oral elinogrel in the peri-PCI period, but these were not significant during chronic dosing in this pilot investigation.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00751231.
Association Between Family History and Coronary Heart Disease Death Across Long-Term Follow-Up in Men
Authors: Bachmann Justin M. , Willis Benjamin L. , Ayers Colby R. , Khera Amit , Berry Jarett D. 
Published: May 2012

Background—
Family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) has been well studied as an independent risk factor for CHD events in the short term (<10 years). However, data are sparse on the association between family history and risk for CHD across long-term follow-up.

Methods and Results—
We included 49 255 men from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Premature family history of CHD was defined as the presence of angina, myocardial infarction, angioplasty, or bypass surgery in a relative <50 years of age. Cause-specific mortality was obtained from the National Death Index. The association between premature family history and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CHD death was compared across 3 unique follow-up periods (0–10, >10–20, and >20 years). Lifetime risk was estimated by use of a modified survival analytic technique adjusted for competing risk with non-CVD death as the competing event. After 811 708 person-years of follow-up, there were 919 CHD deaths and 1456 CVD deaths. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, premature family history was associated with CHD mortality >10 to 20 years (1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–2.22) and >20 years (1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.95) with wider confidence intervals at 0 to 10 years (1.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–2.31). Similar findings were observed for CVD mortality. Compared with men without a family history of coronary artery disease, premature family history was associated with an ≈50% higher lifetime risk for both CHD and CVD mortality (13.7% versus 8.9% and 21% versus 14.1%, respectively).

Conclusion—
Premature family history was associated with a persistent increase in both CHD and CVD mortality risk across long-term follow-up, resulting in significantly higher lifetime risk estimates.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin in the Distinction of Acute Myocardial Infarction From Acute Cardiac Noncoronary Artery Disease
Authors: Haaf Philip , Drexler Beatrice , Reichlin Tobias , Twerenbold Raphael , Reiter Miriam , Meissner Julia , Schaub Nora , Stelzig Claudia , Freese Michael , Heinzelmann Amely , Meune Christophe , Balmelli Cathrin , Freidank Heike , Winkler Katrin , Denhaerynck Kris , Hochholzer Willibald , Osswald Stefan , Mueller Christian 
Published: May 2012

Background—
We hypothesized that high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) and its early change are useful in distinguishing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from acute cardiac noncoronary artery disease.

Methods and Results—

In a prospective, international multicenter study, hs-cTn was measured with 3 assays (hs-cTnT, Roche Diagnostics; hs-cTnI, Beckman-Coulter; hs-cTnI Siemens) in a blinded fashion at presentation and serially thereafter in 887 unselected patients with acute chest pain. Accuracy of the combination of presentation values with serial changes was compared against a final diagnosis adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists. AMI was the adjudicated final diagnosis in 127 patients (15%); cardiac noncoronary artery disease, in 124 (14%). Patients with AMI had higher median presentation values of hs-cTnT (0.113 μg/L [interquartile range, 0.049–0.246 μg/L] versus 0.012 μg/L [interquartile range, 0.006–0.034 μg/L];
P
<0.001) and higher absolute changes in hs-cTnT in the first hour (0.019 μg/L [interquartile range, 0.007–0.067 μg/L] versus 0.001 μg/L [interquartile range, 0–0.003 μg/L];
P
<0.001) than patients with cardiac noncoronary artery disease. Similar findings were obtained with the hs-cTnI assays. Adding changes of hs-cTn in the first hour to its presentation value yielded a diagnostic accuracy for AMI as quantified by the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.94 for hs-cTnT (0.92 for both hs-cTnI assays). Algorithms using ST-elevation, presentation values, and changes in hs-cTn in the first hour accurately separated patients with AMI and those with cardiac noncoronary artery disease. These findings were confirmed when the final diagnosis was readjudicated with the use of hs-cTnT values and validated in an independent validation cohort.

Conclusion—
The combined use of hs-cTn at presentation and its early absolute change excellently discriminates between patients with AMI and those with cardiac noncoronary artery disease.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00470587.
Cloud Simulations in Response to Turbulence Parameterizations in the GISS Model E GCM
Authors: Yao Mao-Sung , Cheng Ye 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The response of cloud simulations to turbulence parameterizations is studied systematically using the GISS general circulation model (GCM) E2 employed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Without the turbulence parameterization, the relative humidity (RH) and the low cloud cover peak unrealistically close to the surface; with the dry convection or with only the local turbulence parameterization, these two quantities improve their vertical structures, but the vertical transport of water vapor is still weak in the planetary boundary layers (PBLs); with both local and nonlocal turbulence parameterizations, the RH and low cloud cover have better vertical structures in all latitudes due to more significant vertical transport of water vapor in the PBL. The study also compares the cloud and radiation climatologies obtained from an experiment using a newer version of turbulence parameterization being developed at GISS with those obtained from the AR5 version. This newer scheme differs from the AR5 version in computing nonlocal transports, turbulent length scale, and PBL height and shows significant improvements in cloud and radiation simulations, especially over the subtropical eastern oceans and the southern oceans. The diagnosed PBL heights appear to correlate well with the low cloud distribution over oceans. This suggests that a cloud-producing scheme needs to be constructed in a framework that also takes the turbulence into consideration.
Characteristics of Mesoscale Organization in WRF Simulations of Convection during TWP-ICE
Authors: Del Genio Anthony D. , Wu Jingbo , Chen Yonghua 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Compared to satellite-derived heating profiles, the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model (GCM) convective heating is too deep and its stratiform upper-level heating is too weak. This deficiency highlights the need for GCMs to parameterize the mesoscale organization of convection. Cloud-resolving model simulations of convection near Darwin, Australia, in weak wind shear environments of different humidities are used to characterize mesoscale organization processes and to provide parameterization guidance. Downdraft cold pools appear to stimulate further deep convection both through their effect on eddy size and vertical velocity. Anomalously humid air surrounds updrafts, reducing the efficacy of entrainment. Recovery of cold pool properties to ambient conditions over 5–6 h proceeds differently over land and ocean. Over ocean increased surface fluxes restore the cold pool to prestorm conditions. Over land surface fluxes are suppressed in the cold pool region; temperature decreases and humidity increases, and both then remain nearly constant, while the undisturbed environment cools diurnally. The upper-troposphere stratiform rain region area lags convection by 5–6 h under humid active monsoon conditions but by only 1–2 h during drier break periods, suggesting that mesoscale organization is more readily sustained in a humid environment. Stratiform region hydrometeor mixing ratio lags convection by 0–2 h, suggesting that it is strongly influenced by detrainment from convective updrafts. Small stratiform region temperature anomalies suggest that a mesoscale updraft parameterization initialized with properties of buoyant detrained air and evolving to a balance between diabatic heating and adiabatic cooling might be a plausible approach for GCMs.
Mapping of novel peptides of WT-1 and presenting HLA alleles that induce epitope-specific HLA-restricted T cells with cytotoxic activity against WT-1+ leukemias
Authors: Doubrovina Ekaterina , Carpenter Taissia , Pankov Dmitry , Selvakumar Annamalai , Hasan Aisha , O'Reilly Richard J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Wilms tumor protein (WT-1) is widely recognized as a tumor antigen that is expressed differentially by several malignancies. However, WT-1 peptides known to induce tumoricidal T cells are few. In the present study, we evaluated T-cell responses of 56 healthy donors to in vitro sensitization with autologous APCs loaded with a pool of overlapping 15-mer peptides spanning the sequence of WT-1. Thereafter, we mapped the WT-1 peptides eliciting responses in each individual, defined the immunogenic peptides, and identified their presenting HLA alleles. We report 41 previously unreported epitopes of WT-1: 5 presented by class II and 36 by class I alleles, including 10 that could be presented by more than 1 class I allele. IFNγ+ T cells responding to 98% of the class I and 60% of the class II epitopes exhibited HLA-restricted cytotoxicity against peptide-loaded targets. T cells specific for 36 WT-1 peptides were evaluable for leukemocidal activity, of which 27 (75%) lysed WT-1+ leukemic targets sharing their restricting HLA allele. Each epitope identified induced T-cell responses in most donors sharing the epitopes' presenting allele; these responses often exceeded responses to flanking peptides predicted to be more immunogenic. This series of immunogenic epitopes of WT-1 should prove useful for immunotherapies targeting WT-1+ malignancies.
ADAM17 activation in circulating neutrophils following bacterial challenge impairs their recruitment
Authors: Long Chunmei , Hosseinkhani M Reza , Wang Yue , Sriramarao P , Walcheck Bruce 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
ADAM17 functions as a molecular rheostat to control neutrophil influx at sites of infection by regulating the surface density of L-selectin.
Neutrophil infiltration and bacterial clearance occur earlier in conditional knockout mice with leukocytes lacking the metalloprotease ADAM17 than in control mice. We investigated cell-intrinsic changes in neutrophils lacking ADAM17 and alterations in the inflammatory environment in conditional ADAM17 knockout mice to determine how the sheddase exerts its effects on neutrophil recruitment. In vivo analyses comparing control and ADAM17-deficient neutrophils revealed that the latter cells accumulated at increased levels in the inflamed mesenteric microvasculature and in the peritoneal cavity following bacterial challenge, indicating changes in their adhesive properties. Consistent with this, bacterial infection caused a marked down-regulation of L-selectin, an adhesion protein and substrate of ADAM17, from the surface of circulating neutrophils in control mice but not in conditional ADAM17 knockout mice. Neutrophils from gene-targeted mice with leukocytes expressing a noncleavable form of L-selectin also displayed a competitive advantage in the presence of control neutrophils when infiltrating a site of infection. Taken together, our findings reveal that impaired L-selectin shedding is a key mechanism underlying early neutrophil recruitment in conditional ADAM17 knockout mice during bacterial infection. Disrupting only the shedding of L-selectin, however, did not increase bacterial clearance, indicating that additional substrates also contribute to the detrimental role of ADAM17 during severe infection.
Development of Ammonia Gas Sensors Based on Trivalent Al3+ Cation Conducting Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Nagai Tsukasa , Tamura Shinji , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Solid electrolyte type ammonia (NH3) gas sensors were fabricated using Al3+ ion conducting (Al0.2Zr0.8)20/19Nb(PO4)3 solid electrolyte with an aluminum thin film as a reference electrode. A rare-earth ammonium sulfate double salt of R2(SO4)3·(NH4)2SO4 (R = rare earth) or a lanthanum oxysulfate La2O2SO4-based solid solution was selected as the auxiliary sensing electrode on the basis of thermal stability or water durability. Both sensors with R2(SO4)3·(NH4)2SO4 or La2O2SO4–NH4H2PO4 auxiliary sensing electrodes exhibited a quantitative and theoretical NH3 sensing performance at 230–300 or 170–190 °C, respectively; therefore, sensors based on the (Al0.2Zr0.8)20/19Nb(PO4)3 solid electrolyte are expected to be promising candidates as NH3 detectors that can operate in a wide temperature range of 170–300 °C by changing the auxiliary sensing electrode component.
Observation of Different Molecular Alignments of [Ni(salphen)] Substituted by a Different Number of Octyl Groups at HOPG Surface
Authors: Tamaki Yoshinori , Tomono Kazuaki , Hata Yuki , Saita Nanami , Yamamoto Takashi , Miyamura Kazuo 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The surface adsorption structures of two Schiff-base metal complexes, [N,N′-bis(5-octylsalicylidene)-o-phenylenediaminato]nickel(II) (1) and [N,N′-bis(3,5-dioctylsalicylidene)-o-phenylenediaminato]nickel(II) (2), are imaged using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and compared with the dimeric structure predicted by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR analyses. STM images of 1 and 2 obtained at an o-dichlorobenzene/HOPG interface showed that 1 was adsorbed in the form of dimers, while 2 was adsorbed as monomers at HOPG surface. The surface structure of 1 was similar to that of the reported salen complex analogue. 1H NMR measurement revealed that the equilibrium constants of dimer formation for 1 and 2 in chloroform-d were determined to be K (= [dimer]/[monomer]2) = 14.5 and 1.9 mol−1 dm3, respectively. This decreased tendency of 2 to form dimer is concluded to be the reason why 2 did not form dimers at HOPG surface. The crystal structure of 1 in which 1 is found to form dimers is also presented.
Design and Applications of Artificial Restriction DNA Cutters for Site-Selective Scission of Genomes
Authors: Komiyama Makoto , Sumaoka Jun 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
By combining Ce(IV)/EDTA complex and pseudo-complementary peptide nucleic acid (pcPNA), an artificial restriction DNA cutter which hydrolyzes targeted phosphodiester linkages in double-stranded DNA has been developed. The targeted site in the DNA is activated by two strands of pcPNA and selectively hydrolyzed by the Ce(IV) complex. The DNA cutter required for aimed manipulation can be straightforwardly designed and obtained in terms of (i) the sequence of targeted selective scission, (ii) size of DNA substrate, and (iii) magnitude of desired site-specificity. The site-specificity can be high enough to cut the whole genome of human beings (3 × 109 base-pairs) at one predetermined site. Off-target scissions at the sites of analogous sequences hardly take place. With the use of this specificity, targeted gene can be engineered in human cells through homologous recombination. Other potential applications of this cutter, as well as recent attempts to improve its activity and specificity, are also discussed.
One-Step Synthesis and Association of Alkylimidovanadium(V) Compounds
Authors: Nishina Masafumi , Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
One-step synthesis of alkylimidovanadium(V) triisopropoxides was demonstrated by the reaction of the corresponding alkylamines with [VO(Oi-Pr)3] in the presence of sodium hydride as a base under relatively mild conditions. From the reaction of 1-adamantylamine, [V(adN)(Oi-Pr)3] (ad: 1-adamantyl) was obtained. The chiral mononuclear compound having the amino moiety, [V(2-NH2C6H10N)(Oi-Pr)3], was synthesized from the reaction of (1R,2R)- or (1S,2S)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine with a stoichiometric amount of [VO(Oi-Pr)3]. In a solid state, [V(2-NH2C6H10N)(Oi-Pr)3] is present in a polymeric molecular arrangement through the intermoleculer coordination interaction of the amino group to the vanadium metal center. The use of trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine resulted in the binuclear compound [{V(Oi-Pr)3}2(µ-trans-1,4-C6H10N2)], which forms an alkoxide-bridged polymeric structure. Crystallization of a 1:1 mixture of [{V(Oi-Pr)3}2(µ-trans-1,4-C6H10N2)] and trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine gave the 1:1 complex having a polymeric arrangement based on the coordination of the amino groups.
Linker-Length Dependence of Crystal Structures and Thermal Properties of Bis(imidazolium) Salts with Tetrafluoroborate Anion
Authors: Mandai Toshihiko , Masu Hyuma , Seki Hiroko , Nishikawa Keiko 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A series of bis(imidazolium) salts with several n-alkylene linkers (carbon numbers: 4–8) incorporating tetrafluoroborate anions were characterized by thermal analysis and single-crystal X-ray analysis. A correlation between macroscopic thermal properties and microscopic crystal structures was investigated. A unique linker-length dependence of the melting points of bis(imidazolium) salts is attributed to variations in the molecular conformation and the packing structure resulting from a balance among cooperative ionic interaction, van der Waals interaction, and π–π interaction in the crystalline state. In addition, an even–odd effect of the n-alkylene linker was observed in the crystal structures.
NMR Spectroscopic Evidence of Lewis Acid–Lewis Base Complex Formation of Perfluoroborane with Uranyl β-Diketonato Complexes
Authors: Miyamoto Naomi , Tsukahara Takehiko , Ikeda Yasuhisa 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Interactions between B(C6F5)2OH and [UO2(dfh)2(dmso)] or [UO2(acac)2(dmso)] in toluene have been investigated by 11B- and 19F NMR measurements. The results showed that one or two B(C6F5)2OH molecules coordinate to the oxo ligands of [UO2(acac)2(dmso)] through B, i.e., O=U=O···B (1:1) and B···O=U=O···B (2:1) complexes based on Lewis acid–Lewis base (LA–LB) interactions are formed, while such LA–LB interactions are not observed in [UO2(dfh)2(dmso)]. Furthermore, it was clarified that the 2:1 complex becomes predominant with decreasing temperatures.
Li-insertion/extraction Properties of Si Thick-film Anodes in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes Based on Bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide and Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide Anions
Authors: Usui Hiroyuki , Masuda Toshikazu , Sakaguchi Hiroki 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Charge–discharge cycling performances of Si thick-film electrodes as Li-ion battery anodes were investigated in several ionic liquids based on bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (FSA) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA) anions. The Si electrodes in FSA-based electrolytes exhibited much better performance than those in TFSA-based electrolytes. An easier desolvation of Li from anions on the electrode surface is probably promoted in FSA-based electrolytes, which enables efficient electrode reactions of Li-insertion/extraction and improvement of cycling performances.
Control of Cellular Inflammation by Layer-by-layer Nanofilms through Different Driving Forces
Authors: Kadowaki Koji , Matsusaki Michiya , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Layer-by-layer-assembled nanofilms prepared by different driving forces were directly fabricated onto a cell surface to control cellular inflammation. Polyelectrolyte multilayers (electrostatic interaction) induced an over 2.5-fold higher production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) than fibronectin (FN)-based multilayers (biological recognition), which did not show any significant production of IL-6. Moreover, thick FN-based nanofilms showed lower expression of IL-6 than thin ones. This is the first report of controlling cellular inflammation by directly prepared nanofilms on a cell surface.
Polarity-dependent Photophysical Properties of Hemicyanine Dyes and Their Application in 2-Photon Microscopy Biological Imaging
Authors: Kimura Yuta , Momotake Atsuya , Takahashi Noriko , Kasai Haruo , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Two fluorescent hemicyanine type compounds, 1 and 2 have been developed for membrane staining, and their photophysical properties were investigated in various solvents. The demonstrated 2-photon-microscopy-biological-imaging application indicates the usefulness of 1 as a fluorescent probe.
Enhanced Mechanical Strength of Nickel–Copper-coated Carbon Fiber/Magnesium Alloy Composites Fabricated Using Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Inoue Yuki , Kim Jae-Ho , Yonezawa Susumu , Takashima Masayuki 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Carbon fibers could be deposited uniformly with duplex coatings of nickel (the internal layer) and copper (the external layer) using an electroplating process. The thickness of Ni and Cu coatings was about 1–2 µm. Furthermore alloying between Ni and Cu films and alloying between Cu and base Mg alloy occurred respectively after hot pressing (673 K, 2.5 MPa). In particular the strain to failure of magnesium composites with Ni–Cu-coated carbon fibers was 0.7% higher than that (1.81%) of magnesium composites with untreated carbon fibers.
Electrochemical Response of β-Galactosidase- and Glucose Oxidase-containing Microcapsule-immobilized Electrode
Authors: Shitanda Isao , Itagaki Masayuki , Asano Kaori 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A polyamide microcapsule containing bi-enzyme, β-galactosidase (β-Gal) and glucose oxidase (GOD), was prepared by interfacial polymerization. The average diameter of the microcapsule was evaluated to be 5 µm. The bi-enzyme-containing microcapsule was immobilized with tetrathiafulvalene on a carbon electrode surface and was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation current increased with the increase of the lactose concentration. It was concluded that β-Gal and GOD retained their enzymatic activity in the microcapsule and reacted with lactose, and tetrathiafulvalene penetrated the polyamide membrane.