bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La mémoire unifiée ? L'héritage équivoque des archives de la RDA
Authors: Zielinski Bernd , Radtke-Delacor Arne 
Published: July 2010

Reunified memory ? The equivocal inheritance of the GDR archives, Bernd Zielinski, Ame Radtke
On the basis of a tentative assessment of the changes in the management of the archives of the former GDR, the article out-lines the effects of German unification on historical research. It describes conditions, prevailing as of autumn 1989, and the new deal since then for the various areas (archives of the Reich ; economic and military archives, STASI archives, etc.).
Le nazisme : déviance allemande ou mal de la modernité ? La réflexion des historiens dans l'Allemagne des années zéro (1945-1949)
Authors: Solchany Jean 
Published: July 2010

Nazism : a German deviance or a modernity illness ? The thinking of historians in the Germany of the zero years (1945-1949), Jean Solchany.
After the war, German historians, like the rest of the German society, found them-selves unable to interpret Nazism. They were at first prisoners of a given political and historical culture, tainted by historicism and idealism, fundamentally conservative and antimodernist, which emphasized to the concept of Sonderweg, the anormality of German history in European history.
Le dessinateur de presse, de l'artiste au journaliste
Authors: Delporte Christian 
Published: July 2010

The cartoonist, from artist to journalist, Christian Delporte.
From the Belle Epoque to the 1930s, the author draws the portrait of three successive generations of cartoonists. Between the first generation (Steinlein, Gill) and the two interwar generations — those of the 1920s (Gassier, Sennep) and those of the 1930s (Effel, Henry), the cartoonists became artist-newspapermen. They became a recognized part of the world of journalism, with recognition, professionnal status and a separate union (1935).
Le choix atomique de la France (1945-1958)
Authors: Vaïsse Maurice 
Published: July 2010

France's nuclear choice (1945-1958), Maurice Vaïsse.
France did not wait for the Fifth Republic to become interested in the atomic bomb. The original features of France's atomic choice depended on both domestic factors (scientific, economic, military, political) and external ones France's atomic choice was based more on competition among allies than on enemy threat. It followed the vicissitudes of European construction and felt the weight of the cold war. The decision became clearer after the Suez affair and its consequences on international relations. But the Fourth Republic wanted to pursue simultaneously European construction, Franco-German reconciliation, French Algeria and the bomb. These were the contradictions that De Gaulle's access to power resolved ; a green light was then given to the production of the nuclear weapon.
L'anti-intellectualisme dans la culture politique française
Authors: Balmand Pascal 
Published: July 2010

Anti-intellectualism in French political culture, Pascal Balmand.
Why would a professor of Tibetan be entitled to lecture and govern his equals ? In the midst of the Dreyfus affair, Brunetière, thus launched French anti-intellectualism, which was to have a long life in store, especially during crises. The article details the anti-intellectualism of the left and the far right, over a century and considers the causes of its virtual disappearance at present.
Ruptures et continuités de la mémoire Tchèque
Authors: Marès Antoine 
Published: July 2010

Ruptures and continuities of Czeh memory, Antoine Marès.
Depending on political balances of power and the worries of the moment, Czech national memory has wavered between highly different anchoring points. The analysis of the communist Czechoslovak historiographie production is witness to that practice of a selective reading of the past and of its many-sided perverse effects in terms of collective identity. It is essential for the Czechs that all of their history be integrated into their common heritage.
La notion de classe moyenne indépendante. Un bilan des travaux
Authors: Gresle François 
Published: July 2010

The notion of an independent middle class. A survey of research, François Gresle.
Unshakable and learned, the sociologists — followed by the historians ? — deny the middle classes their independent status. What if independence was not an empty word ? If it was necessary to look, far from the statistics, at internalized values and a certain appetite for the quality of life ? A monotonous bibliography reread.
L'artisanat. La plus populaire des classes moyennes ?
Authors: Zarca Bernard 
Published: July 2010

Are craftsman the most popular of the middle classes ? Bernard Zarca.
The very idea of the craftsman class appeared in France only after the First World War, as the resuit of a real work of creation aiming at building the image of a harmonious and fluid social body. But this typical product of republican culture displays many ambiguities, as shown by the complex and circuitous history of craftsmen's representative organizations.
Ordre et sécurité. Les nouveaux corps de police de la troisième République
Authors: Berlière Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2010

Order and security. The two new police corps of the Third Republic, Jean-Marc Berlière.
How was the modem French police created and what was the Third Republic's contribution to its birth ? The Third Republic stressed cautious reformism as the deep changes in criminality and in sensi- tivity to it demanded the ending of the anarchy of the repressive System, the weaknesses of the provincial police and the excessive use of the army to quell disturbances. After much hesitation, a specialized corps was set up for the maintenance of order as well as a mobile judicial police.
Les obsessions d'Henri Béraud
Authors: Monier Frédéric 
Published: July 2010

Henri Béraud's obsessions, Frédéric Monier.
The career of Henri Béraud, an intellectual, editorial writer and pamphleteer for the weekly Gringoire, was marked by a break in 1934. Until then, Béraud was mainly a famous and recognized writer. Afterwards, he expressed his anti-semitic, anti-Communist and anti-English commitment which was to lead to collaboration with the Germans. In addition to the traditional explanations of the passage from the socialistic left to the admiration of fascism, Béraud's case shows the desire to be an intellectual with an audience and the inner contradictions of a man torn between a paternal Dreyfusard-type heritage and obsessive anti-semitism.
« Caliban », une revue de vulgarisation intellectuelle ?
Authors: Renou Corinne 
Published: July 2010

Caliban, a journal of intellectual popularization? Corinne Renou.
The founders of Caliban, issued clandestinely during the Second World War, wanted it to be a tool of reflection for peace. Its editor-in-chief, Jean Daniel, also saw in it, in the early years of the Cold War, a way of fighting the fashion of "digests", by full publication of original literary and philosophie texts. The monthly, a mouthpiece of "left intellectuals", took pride in publishing the greatest names in literature and the social sciences, whatever their ideological position. Very jealous ot its financial independence, the journal ceased publication in 1951 when it was bought by Hachette.
Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne
Authors: Azarov Oleg 
Published: July 2010

Kedrovyi Sor: daily life in a Gulag camp during the Stalinist period, Oleg Azarov.
Our knowledge of the Soviet concentration camp universe is beginning to be nourished by direct access to archives. The author, a young Russian scholar, has been able to work on a rich collection of documents concerning the camp of Kedrovyi Sor, in the Pečora bassin. Through his study of the camp's administrative structure, its financial operation and its economic activities, and through an analysis of the inmates and their living conditions, he provides, almost in the raw, a concrete and precise description of the daily functioning of a Stalinist camp from the early 1930s to the 1950s.
Femmes et culture politique. Nouvelles valeurs, nouveaux modèles?
Authors: Sineau Mariette 
Published: July 2010

Women and political culture. The failure of acounterculture? Mariette Sineau.
Women's political culture cannot be reduced to the struggle led by the feminist movement. On the left as on the right, women approach the political debate through their own values. This expectation of a feminine political culture accompanies the hope for a global renewal of politics as such.
Les vingt décisives. Cultures politiques et temporalités dans la France fin de siècle
Authors: Sirinelli Jean-François 
Published: July 2010

The twenty decisive years. Political cultures and temporalities in fin de siècle France, Jean-François Sirinelli.
National political culture changed its socio-cultural foundations in the mid-1960s. Television developed a consensual pedagogy. May 1968 encouraged the right to difference. But the left-right cleavage still remains the reference and the identity principle. To understand this fixity, is it necessary to try to uncover, beneath the political culture, deeper hidden sensibilities?
Vers une histoire culturelle de la première guerre mondiale
Authors: Audoin-Rouzeau Stéphane , Becker Annette 
Published: July 2010

Towards a cultural history of the First World War, Stéphane Audouin-Rouzeau, Annette Becker.
The study of the cultural legacy of the First World War involves several histories : of representations, of politics, of popular culture. The ambition of this issue is to reflect on the "culture of war" in its entirety, i.e. beyond national cleavages and historiographie frontiers. That culture seems to have been a large extent one of the causes of the brutality of the conflict. It was experienced as a painful passage to twentieth century modernity.
Les représentations de la guerre dans la culture française de l'entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Prost Antoine 
Published: July 2010

The representations of war in French culture in the interwar period, Antoine Prost.
War was indeed "dynamic" before 1914, but the experience of 1914-1918 ruined its previous representations. It was thereafter perceived both as a catastrophe and as fatal. Between 1918 and 1939, this representation no longer allowed preparations for a new conflict. Relying on Alain and Giraudoux, the author explains how the will to save a certain honor of victorious war led to sacrifice honor at the time of the defeat of 1940.
La psychiatrie italienne et la guerre
Authors: Bianchi Bruna 
Published: July 2010

Italian psychiatry and the war, Bruna Blanchi.
The war provided to Italian psychiatry an opportunity to reinforce its social role by participating in the care of the soldiers and officers suffering from mental disor-ders. Although clinical observations developed, they were hardly sophisticated, since the illnesses were often considered acts of disobedience. Not until the last months of the conflict did neuroses cease to be always interpreted as refusais to adhere to patriotic ideals. Despite conflicts among physicians, doubts about the therapies' repressive and violent role did not lead to a genuine national debate.
Le modèle soviétique des studios : l'exemple de Lenfilm
Authors: Laurent Natacha 
Published: July 2010

The Soviet studio model: the example of Lenfilm, Natacha Laurent.
From the 1920s, the development of the Soviet cinema and the interest of the rulers characterize the existence of a Soviet studio model. The example of Lenfilm shows that the model is not stable: it manages to retain a certain margin of manoeuvre and of development.
« Les copains du dimanche » ou l'âge d'or des métallos
Authors: Perron Tangui 
Published: July 2010

Les copains du dimanche or the golden age of metalworkers, Tangui Perron.
A propaganda film made for the CGT in 1956, the Copains du dimanche (Sunday buddies) anticipates and expresses the changes in the working class, particularly in the metal workers' category. A film of militants, it is not however a militant film, and remains, in spite of its commercial failure, a testimonial work.
L'embellie parisienne à la Belle Époque : l'invention d'un modèle de consommation
Authors: Caron François 
Published: July 2010

The Paris Belle Epoque lull: inventing a consumption model, François Caron.
The economic dynamism of Paris at the time of the Belle Epoque was based both on the development of sectors linked to the second industrialization (electricity, the chemical industry, automobiles) and to the renewal of traditional industries (the garment industry, cosmetics, jewelry) centered on luxury goods and benefiting from a skilled workforce. The rise of factories located in the suburbs led to the reorganization of urban space around these new activities. The progress of hygiene and the development of mass transportation paralleled the general rise of standards of living and increasing access to comfort. With the spread of movies, leisure activities, travel as well as fashion thanks to the departement stores, this dynamism brought about a deep change in consumption habits. It was also fortered by a dynamic entrepreneurial class capable of responding to demand by adapting production and distribution techniques to the social diversity of Paris. Contrary to the pessimistic vision of a "blocked society", a Paris model of "industrial achievement" thus developed, marking the entry of the capital into the consumption society, and an example to the other metropolises of the industrialized world.
L'alliance démocratique de 1933 à 1937 ou l'anachronisme en politique
Authors: Audigier François 
Published: July 2010

The Alliance démocratique from 1933 to 1937, or anachronism in politics, François Audigier.
The Darwinist logic applies to political parties, which must either adapt or perish. Wishing to renovate the venerable Alliance démocratique, Pierre-Etienne Flandin carried out the modernization of this moderate group betwen 1933 and 1937. Limitations and ambiguities doomed this attempt to failure.
Les journalistes dans l'entre-deux-guerres une identité en crise
Authors: Delporte Christian 
Published: July 2010

Journalists in the interwarperiod : an identity crisis, Christian Delporte.
In the 1920s, journalism as a profession went through a deep identity crisis in France. The material problems generated by the First World War revealed a moral crisis with old roots. Giving up their free writer status, journalists wanted to consider themselves as intellectual workers. They adopted structures adapted to their new needs, and formed a union whose aim was vigorous ethical and material improvement. In 1935 they obtained a professional status unmatched in Europe, and in 1936 a professional identity card - both still make up the framework of the profession.
Des chrétiens français face à la guerre du Vietnam (1966)
Authors: Rousseau Sabine 
Published: July 2010

French Christians and Vietnam war (1966), Sabine Rousseau.
The publication in Cité nouvelle and Témoignage chrétien, on 21 Aprii 1966, of an appeal to President Johnson marked the French Protestant and Catholic left's entry in the fight against the Vietnam war. Although somewhat late in their mobilization with respect to the Peace Movement, the commitment was early enough considering the dominant silence outside communist and communist sympathizer circles. As a sequel to the struggle for decolonization, this commitment took the original form of a letter to the president of the US. The feeling of Christian responsibility for the history of imperialism overtook the political analysis of the war. After a difficult beginning, the public opinion campaign grew during the summer, favored by the escalation of violence in Vietnam. But to the most committed left Christian militants, the campaign seemed already insufficient. Their radicalization in the fall of 1966 prepared for a mobilization in which the specific Christian commitment gave way to common action with the anti-imperialist movements.
Natalisme et nationalisme pendant la première guerre mondiale
Authors: Wishnia Judith 
Published: July 2010

Natalism and nationalism at the time of the First World War, Judith Wishnia.
Concern about the low French birth rate compared with Germany's demographie dynamism grew into a crisis during the First World War. Nationalism and natalism were from then on linked. The revelation of rapes committed by the German troops during the occupation of Northern and Eastern France posed a dilemma for part of French public opinion: natalism and nationalism clashed when faced with the possible response to the condition of women thereby made pregnant. The advocates of the prohibition of abortion won because, in spite of the circumstances of conception, a child born to a French mother, fed on French milk and brought up in France was French. The mother's nationality superseded that of the male seed.
Sur deux journées nationales commémorant la déportation et les persécutions des « années noires »
Authors: Barcellini Serge 
Published: July 2010

On two «national days» commemorating deportations and persecutions during the «blackyears », Serge Barcellini.
What was «the duty of memory» of deportations in France since 1945, and what has it become? A detailed study of the institution of two «national days», that of the National Deportation Day, in 1954, and that commemorating 16 July 1942, in 1993, reveals three stages - dilution in ge- neral memories until 1947, change to an autonomous historie phenomenon from 1947 to 1984, transformation into a vector of Human Rights ideology in 1992-1993 - of a history that has marked the shifts in the French republican identity model.
Les supplétifs Algériens dans l'armée française pendant la guerre d'Algérie
Authors: Ageron Charles-Robert 
Published: July 2010

Algerian auxiliaries in the French army during the Algerian war, Charles-Robert Ageron.
The opening of the archives of the French Land Army's Historical Service makes it possible to study in detail the various formations of Muslim civilian auxiliary forces (among which the "harkis") which contributed, with varying efficacy, to the "maintenance of order" alongside the French army during the Algerian war, from 1954 to 1962: to tally the number of enrolled soldiers, but also desertions; to ask finally the question of these auxiliaries'motivations and to give a preliminary explanation of the harkis' trauma in 1962.
Des appelés pas comme les autres ? Les conscrits « français de souche nord-africaine » pendant la guerre d'Algérie
Authors: Chauvin Stéphanie 
Published: July 2010

The "French of North African origin" draftees during the Algerian war, Stéphanie Chauvin.
During the Algerian conflict, the French army had to corne to grips with a delicate problem, that of the drafting of Muslim natives, called up like all young French men, to take part in the operations of the national army. Some of the military considered the general drafting of this special population a military as much as a political error. Nevertheless, many Algerians were enrolled to fight against what the Republic saw as a rebellion. There was even a policy of increasing the numbers of "Frenchmen of North African origin" because of rising needs and so as to assi- milate them. Suspected by the rest of the army of lacking loyalty, the Muslim conscripts where also subjected to the pressure of the FLN which tried to use them to weaken the French army from inside. Very few, however, deserted once enrolled. Was that a sign of loyalty to France?
La radicalisation des mouvements féminins Français de 1960 à 1970
Authors: Chaperon Sylvie 
Published: July 2010

The radicalization of French women's movement, 1960-1970, Sylvie Chaperon.
During the 1960s, France went through economic and social upheavals which affected the place of women in society and challenged the traditional division of roles and the images of masculinity and feminity. The feminist explosion of 1970, often presented by these movements' militants as a radical innovation, was actually nourished by the struggles and the thinking carried out by older groups born during the Third Republic or in the late 1960s. The May 1968 revolts were certainly essential in the emergence of the MLF, but it would be an error of historical analysis to omit the links with previous years. Far from rising out of the consequences of the 1968 movements, French feminism is the outgrowth of a slow radicalization of women's struggles.
Mutualité et organisations politiques et sociales internationales (1889-1939)
Authors: Dreyfus Michel 
Published: July 2010

For an European history of social protection, Michel Dreyfus.
The second industrial revolution, the improvement of material conditions of existence and the progress of democracy gave, from the 1880s, a new relevance to the issue of prevention and brought about the birth of national mutualist institutions. The first International Congress of Mutuality, held in Paris in 1900, followed by the birth of the International Federation of Mutuality in 1906, were the first steps in the internationalization of the movement, parallel to that of the worker's movement; the debates where influenced by the German model and the role of the State in social protection. Although the results were limited in 1914, the movement conti-nued after World War I, in a context transformed by the birth of the League of Nations and of the International Labour Organisation. The international institutions then created were challenged by the depression and the war. They nevertheless opened the way for the International Association of Social Security (1947) and the International Association of Mutuality (1950).
Le mirage de l'Europe sociale. Associations internationales de politique sociale au tournant du 20e siècle
Authors: Gregarek Rainer 
Published: July 2010

The mirage of social Europe. International social policy associations at the beginning of the 20th century, Rainer Gregarek.
At the end of the 19th century, at a time when the rise of nationalism was blocking diplomatic initiatives, it was in "private" international associations and meetings that the embryo of a social Europe was conceived. The Permanent International Committee of Work Accidents (1889), the International Association for the Legal Protection of Workers (1900-1901) and the International Association for the Fight against Unemployment (1910) were among the most important of these pioneering institutions. They tried to use their international character to get around the hesitations of businessmen and governments to set up policies of social protection and started to reflect about harmonization on the European scale. The lack of official status, the persistence of internal tensions among national groups and among social groups led to failure. They nevertheless represented an original network of meetings and exchanges which facilitated the dissemination and transfer of models among European experts.
« Le poing et la rose », la saga d'un logo
Authors: Cépède Frédéric 
Published: July 2010

"The fist and the rose", the saga of a logo, Frédéric Cépède.
Invented in 1969, taken up in a big way by the Socialist party born at the Epinay Convention in 1971, the emblem of the fist and the rose became the symbol of the history of François Mitterrand's new party. It represented the logo of the PS's electoral victories until 1981. Its phasing out and recent virtual disappearance illustrate the identity crisis that has marked the history of the Socialist party.