bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of Pe and ERN/Ne in the conscious recognition of an error
Authors: Hewig Johannes , Coles Michael G. H. , Trippe Ralf H. , Hecht Holger , Miltner Wolfgang H. R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe evaluated the relationship between conscious awareness and the ERN/Ne and Pe in a digit entering task. On each trial, participants rated the accuracy of their responses on a three‐point scale (incorrect, unsure, correct). The ERN/Ne was present on incorrect trials judged as incorrect. The Pe was evident on the same trials but also on correct and incorrect trials judged as unsure. We propose that the ERN/Ne occurs when there is an incorrect execution of a correct motor plan and the representation of the correct response is available for comparison with the actual response. The mismatch information that results from this comparison can be transferred to the Pe process and conscious awareness. However, the Pe process and conscious awareness do not only depend on this transfer of information from the ERN/Ne process. The Pe also occurs when there is uncertainty about the correctness of the motor plan, whether or not the plan is, in fact, correct.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐dependent induction of apoptosis by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin in cerebellar granule cells from mouse
Authors: Sánchez‐Martín Francisco J. , Fernández‐Salguero Pedro M. , Merino Jaime M. 
Published: April 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07291.xAbstract2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) is a prototypical environmental contaminant with neurotoxic properties that alters neurodevelopment and behavior. TCDD is a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is a key signaling molecule to fully understand the toxic and carcinogenic properties of dioxin. Much effort is underway to unravel the molecular mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved in TCDD‐induced neurotoxicity, and to define its molecular targets in neurons. We have used cerebellar granule cells (CGC) from wild‐type (AhR+/+) and AhR‐null (AhR−/−) mice to characterize the cell death that takes place in neurons after TCDD toxicity. TCDD induced cell death in CGC cultures from wild‐type mice with an EC50 of 127 ± 21 nM. On the contrary, when CGC neurons from AhR‐null mice were treated with TCDD no significant cell death was observed. The role of AhR in TCDD‐induced death was further assessed by using the antagonists resveratrol and α‐naphtoflavone, which readily protected against TCDD toxicity in AhR+/+ CGC cultures. AhR+/+ CGC cultures treated with TCDD showed nuclear fragmentation, DNA laddering, and increased caspase 3 activity, similarly to what was found by the use of staurosporine, a well‐established inducer of apoptosis. Finally, the AhR pathway was active in CGC because TCDD could induce the expression of the target gene cytochrome P450 1A2 in AhR+/+ CGC cultures. All together these results support the hypothesis that TCDD toxicity in CGC neurons involves the AhR and that it takes place mainly through an apoptotic process. AhR could be then considered a novel target in neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration whose down‐modulation could block certain xenobiotic‐related adverse effects in CNS.
Performing Political Domination in Yemen. Narratives and Practices of Power in the General People's Congress
Authors: Poirier Marine 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAs a heterogeneous organisation characterised by a loose ideology and historically based on inclusion and dialogue, the General People's Congress (GPC), in power since its establishment in 1982, may have momentarily achieved a certain balance of power, participating to a broader formula of stability in Yemen based on political integration rather than violent confrontation with potential rivals. However, challenged since the 2000s by a unified opposition, rising regional conflicts and the leadership's uneasy partnership with the USA in the Global War on Terror, the GPC seems increasingly less capable of appeasing and mediating political, economic, social and religious divides. Even more so, it appears that the ruling party's strategy of inclusion has paradoxically played a significant role in the erosion of institutional pluralism in Yemen, encouraging the development of large co‐optation mechanisms and generating various forms of violent political exclusion. The aim of this article is to explore how the ruling party has progressively imposed a constrictive framework for political expression, allowing it to maintain its domination. Thoroughly investigating the schemes of domination produced and performed by the GPC, this study further questions the extent to which they account for structural violence in contemporary Yemen.
Chronic Ethanol Consumption in Mice Alters Hepatocyte Lipid Droplet Properties
Authors: Orlicky David J. , Roede James R. , Bales Elise , Greenwood Carrie , Greenberg Andrew , Petersen Dennis , McManaman James L. 
Published: April 2011

Background:  Hepatosteatosis is a common pathological feature of impaired hepatic metabolism following chronic alcohol consumption. Although often benign and reversible, it is widely believed that steatosis is a risk factor for development of advanced liver pathologies, including steatohepatitis and fibrosis. The hepatocyte alterations accompanying the initiation of steatosis are not yet clearly defined.Methods:  Induction of hepatosteatosis by chronic ethanol consumption was investigated using the Lieber‐DeCarli (LD) high fat diet model. Effects were assessed by immunohistochemistry and blood and tissue enzymatic assays. Cell culture models were employed for mechanistic studies.Results:  Pair feeding mice ethanol (LD‐Et) or isocaloric control (LD‐Co) diets for 6 weeks progressively increased hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation in morphological, biochemical, and zonally distinct cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLD). The LD‐Et diet induced zone 2‐specific triglyceride accumulation in large CLD coated with perilipin, adipophilin (ADPH), and TIP47. In LD‐Co‐fed mice, CLD were significantly smaller than those in LD‐Et‐fed mice and lacked perilipin. A direct role of perilipin in formation of large CLD was further suggested by cell culture studies showing that perilipin‐coated CLD were significantly larger than those coated with ADPH or TIP47. LD‐Co‐ and LD‐Et‐fed animals also differed in hepatic metabolic stress responses. In LD‐Et but not LD‐Co‐fed mice, inductions were observed in the following: microsomal ethanol‐oxidizing system [cytochrome P‐4502E1 (CYP2E1)], hypoxia response pathway (hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha, HIF1α), endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway (calreticulin), and synthesis of lipid peroxidation products [4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE)]. CYP2E1 and HIF1 α immunostaining localized to zone 3 and did not correlate with accumulation of large CLD. In contrast, calreticulin and 4‐HNE immunostaining closely correlated with large CLD accumulation. Importantly, 4‐HNE staining significantly colocalized with ADPH and perilipin on the CLD surface.Conclusions:  These data suggest that ethanol contributes to macrosteatosis by both altering CLD protein composition and inducing lipid peroxide adduction of CLD‐associated proteins.
Lack of preventing effect of systemically and topically administered histamine H1 or H4 receptor antagonists in a dog model of acute atopic dermatitis
Authors: Bäumer Wolfgang , Stahl Jessica , Sander Kerstin , Petersen Lars J. , Paps Judy , Stark Holger , Kietzmann Manfred , Olivry Thierry 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:As there is evidence for an anti‐inflammatory efficacy of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) selective antagonists, we aimed at testing the efficacy of the H4R antagonists JNJ7777120 and JNJ28307474 in comparison with histamine H1 receptor (H1R) antagonists hydroxyzine and cetirizine for skin lesion prevention in a canine model of acute atopic dermatitis. Six atopic Maltese‐beagle dogs experimentally sensitized to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) house dust mites were selected for this study. Twenty‐four hours after challenge by epicutaneous application of Df, erythematous skin lesions were scored. In this blinded, placebo and active controlled study, topical JNJ7777120 or JNJ28307474 was applied as a 1% solution before allergen challenge. The latter was also given orally at 15 mg/kg before and after allergen challenge. A 0.015% triamcinolone acetonide solution was used as a positive control. The H1R antagonists hydroxyzine and cetirizine were administered orally before challenge in a second experiment. Twenty‐four hours after challenge, placebo‐treated animals had a median lesional score of 2. Treatment with topical and oral JNJ28307474 resulted in a median score of 2.5. After topical administration of JNJ7777120, the median lesional score was 2. Hydroxyzine and cetirizine did also not reduce the median score of the placebo treatment. Triamcinolone acetonide prevented all dogs from having any lesions. Determination of histamine in lesions revealed that only during the initiation increased concentrations of histamine were detected. In conclusion, the preventive administration of H1R or H4R antagonists has no impact on the development of acute skin lesions in this experimental canine atopic dermatitis model.
Val66Met polymorphism and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration in depressed patients
Authors: Zhang Xiao-bin , Wang Xin , Sha Wei-wei , Zhou Hong-hui , Zhang Yu-mei 
Published: April 2011

Zhang X, Wang X, Sha W, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Val66Met polymorphism and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration in depressed patients.Objective:Accumulating evidence has suggested a pathophysiological role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study evaluated serum levels of BDNF and explored whether Val66Met BDNF gene polymorphism is correlated with changes in circulating BDNF levels in patients with MDD and control subjects.Methods:Subjects were 76 patients with MDD and 50 controls. Diagnosis of MDD was determined by the use of a structured clinical interview according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-IV (DSM-IV) criteria. The concentrations of BDNF were measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Val66Met BDNF gene polymorphism was examined by the polymerase chain reaction technique.Results:Serum BDNF was significantly lower in MDD patients than in normal control subjects (p< 0.001). There were no significant differences either in allele or genotype in the Val66Met polymorphism between the MDD and control groups. Moreover, genotype did not significantly correlate with the BDNF serum levels in the MDD or control groups.Conclusions:Our study suggests that there is a decrease in serum BDNF levels in untreated MDD patients. However, serum BDNF levels were not associated with the Val66Met polymorphism.
Translucency of Value Resin Composites Used to Replace Enamel in Stratified Composite Restoration Techniques
Authors: SCHMELING MAX , DE ANDRADA MAURO AMARAL CALDEIRA , MAIA HAMILTON PIRES , DE ARAÚJO EDSON MEDEIROS 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTBackground:  The translucency of enamel shade is a crucial property that affects the color of a layered restoration.Objective:  This study evaluated the translucency of high‐, medium‐, and low‐value resin composites (4 Seasons, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) used to replace enamel in stratified composite restoration techniques.Materials and Methods:  The color specimens with 12 mm in diameter and various thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mm) were measured after polymerization on a reflection spectrophotometer over white and black backgrounds to calculate the translucency parameter (TP). The statistical analysis of TP was accomplished using two‐way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Significant differences were revealed by the Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference post hoc test.Results:  Translucency of the value composite resins was influenced by the value and thickness. Color of value resin composites was dependent on the background contrast at the evaluated thicknesses.Conclusions:  High‐value composite resins were more translucent than medium‐value composites, which were more translucent than low‐value composites. The translucency decreased as the thickness of the specimens increased.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe results suggest that special attention should be paid to the thickness of the increment of value composite resins when reproducing translucency of natural tooth enamel.
Levels of reactive oxygen metabolites in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Kotani Kazuhiko , Sakane Naoki , Kamimoto Munetada , Taniguchi Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2011

Aim:  Oxidative stress may be associated with the pathophysiology of knee osteoarthritis (OA), a health‐care issue. The present study aimed to compare oxidative status levels of patients with and without knee OA, using the Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d‐ROMs, Diacron, Italy) test, which has proved to be clinically useful as an oxidative stress marker.Methods:  Forty‐nine women (mean age 71.3 ± 5.8 years, mean body mass index 24.4 ± 2.2 kg/m2) with mildly severe knee OA and 49, without knee OA, female controls' serum d‐ROMs concentrations were assessed together with mean blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and serum total cholesterol concentrations, using the age‐, sex‐ and body mass index‐matched method.Results:  Patients with knee OA showed significantly higher d‐ROMs levels than controls (338 ± 56 vs 315 ± 47 U. Carr., P < 0.05). This difference remained statistically significant after adjusting for other clinical variables.Conclusions:  The present results suggested that knee OA might be an impaired oxidative condition. Further studies are necessary to establish the knee OA–oxidative status relationship, which may lead to its clinical application in the management of knee OA.
The application of ecological thinking to better understand the needs of communities of older people
Authors: Harris Neil , Grootjans John 
Published: April 2011

Aim:  This research applied ecological thinking to develop a more integrated or ecological understanding of the needs and aspirations of communities of older people.Methods:  A three‐stage methodology was utilised. Stage one entailed the thematic analysis of resident satisfaction surveys collected from 1000 residents of aged living and care facilities to identify issues impacting upon their lives. In stage two these findings were critiqued through a key stakeholder forum. In stage three findings were authenticated through resident interviews and workshops.Results:  The findings suggest that an ecological framework for the well‐being of older people living in residential communities can be conceptualised as the four domains of the physical environment, social environment, governance and active living.Conclusions:  This framework for the ecology of resident well‐being developed through this research informs an ecological approach to service providers' planning to promote the health and well‐being of residents of communities of older people.
Quality of life for older people in residential care is related to connectedness, willingness to enter care, and co‐residents
Authors: Wilkinson Tim J , Kiata Liz J , Peri Kathy , Robinson Elizabeth M , Kerse Ngaire M 
Published: April 2011

Aim:  To establish associations with quality of life (QOL) of older people in long‐term residential care facilities in two New Zealand cities.Methods:  The outcome measure of QOL was the Life Satisfaction Index. We used multiple linear regression to explore how broad categories of factors might contribute to QOL.Results:  A total of 599 people (median age of 85 years; 74% women) participated. Response rates were 85% for facilities and 83% for residents. A resident's QOL was significantly related to the QOL of co‐residents. QOL was higher for people who were more positive about entry to residential care, more physically able, and not depressed, and for those with more family and emotional support.Conclusion:  Attending to the circumstances around entry to residential care may enhance QOL, as may promoting physical activity, treating depression and ensuring older people remain emotionally connected to their families. In choosing a facility, noting the QOL of co‐residents is important.
Dedicated teaching block for undergraduate geriatric medicine improves knowledge
Authors: Visvanathan Renuka , Silakong Teena , Yu Solomon 
Published: April 2011

Aim:  This paper describes the performance of 5th year medical students in multiple choice question (MCQ) examinations before and after a geriatric medicine teaching block.Methods:  A 30‐question MCQ test was administered at the start and a 45‐question one at the end of the course.Results:  There was a statistically significant improvement in the MCQ scores from a mean of 62% (SD 10.4) to 75.2% (SD 7.9) (P < 0.001). Total mean scores for the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Geriatrics Knowledge test improved from 65% (SD 10.4) to 73%(SD 11.7) (P < 0.001). Total mean scores for the American Geriatric Society (AGS) Geriatrics Review Syllabus MCQs improved from 59.3% (SD 17.0) to 78.1% (SD 12.1) (P < 0.001). Post‐course, students scored equally well in the new questions, the validated UCLA test and the AGS questions.Conclusion:  An undergraduate geriatric medicine clinical teaching block in senior clinical years can increase students' knowledge in geriatric medicine.
Magnifying loupes versus surgical microscope in endodontic surgery: A four‐year retrospective study
Authors: Taschieri Silvio , Weinstein Tommaso , Tsesis Igor , Bortolin Monica , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the 4‐year outcome of endodontic microsurgery using two different magnification devices. One‐hundred and two teeth in 65 patients were included according to specific selection criteria. Endodontic surgery was performed under surgical microscope as magnification device in 63 teeth in 36 patients, while 39 teeth in 29 patients were treated under magnifying loupes. Thirteen patients did not attend the 4‐year follow up. The overall success rate on a patient basis was 91.7% at the 1‐year and 90.5% at the 4‐year follow up for the group using loupes, while for the group using microscope it was 91.4% at the 1‐year and 93.3% at the 4‐year follow up. The relative risk was 2.07 (95% confidence interval: 0.31, 13.95) in favour of the group in which microscope was used. No statistically significant difference was found in the treatment outcomes relating to the type of magnification device.
Volatile Profile of Cashews (Anacardium occidentale L.) from Different Geographical Origins during Roasting
Authors: Agila Amal , Barringer Sheryl Ann 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Volatile compounds were quantified in the headspace of Indian, Vietnamese, and Brazilian cashews, both raw and during roasting by selected ion flow tube‐mass spectrometry. The optimum roasting times based on color measurements were also determined. Raw cashews were oil roasted for 3 to 9 min at 143 °C and color and volatiles measured. An excellent correlation, following a pseudo 1st‐order reaction, was found between L* value and roasting time; darkness increases as roasting time increases. The optimum roasting time was 6, 8, and 9 min for Vietnamese, Indian, and Brazilian cashews, respectively. Raw cashews had lower concentrations of volatiles than roasted cashews. Most volatiles significantly increased in concentration during roasting of Brazilian, Indian, and Vietnamese cashews. Only a few volatiles significantly decreased during roasting. Ethanol and 1‐heptene significantly decreased during roasting in Brazilian cashews and toluene decreased in Vietnamese cashews. Brazilian cashews had significantly higher levels of most volatiles than Indian and Vietnamese cashews. Most volatile levels in Indian and Vietnamese cashews were not significantly different. Of the volatiles, Strecker aldehydes, including methylbutanal, 2‐methylpropanal, and acetaldehyde, were at the highest concentration in roasted cashews. The Maillard reaction contributed to the formation of most of the volatiles in cashews from the 3 countries. There was also degradation of sugars to form furan‐type compounds and oxidation of lipids to form alkanals such as hexanal.Practical Application:  The volatile profile during roasting of cashews can be used to determine the best roasting time for each type of cashew. The rate of color development and the production of volatiles differ for the cashews from the 3 geographical locations.
The relationship between impulsivity and vocational outcome in outpatient youth with borderline personality features
Authors: Sio In Teng , Chanen Andrew M. , Killackey Eóin J. , Gleeson John 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim: This study aims to examine the relationship between each Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) borderline personality feature and vocational outcome (i.e. employment and education) in a sample of young people diagnosed with borderline personality pathology.Methods: The sample comprised 60 young people registered with a specialist early intervention programme for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Diagnostic data and vocational information were obtained from a standardized semistructured assessment and medical record review for a period of 12 months from entry into the treatment programme.Results: DSM‐IV criterion 4 ‘impulsivity’ upon entry to the treatment programme was associated with poor vocational outcome 12 months after index assessment.Conclusions: Although the results of the present study suggest that impulsivity is an important feature predictive of vocational functioning in BPD, and that specific intervention in impulsivity might be a critical goal for early intervention of BPD to maximize functional recovery for such patients, further studies are required to test the reliability and validity of the role of impulsivity in relation to vocational outcome of these patients.
Locus‐dependent selection in crop‐wild hybrids of lettuce under field conditions and its implication for GM crop development
Authors: Hooftman Danny A. P. , Flavell Andrew J. , Jansen Hans , den Nijs Hans C. M. , Syed Naeem H. , Sørensen Anker P. , Orozco‐ter Wengel Pablo , van de Wiel Clemens C. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGene escape from crops has gained much attention in the last two decades, as transgenes introgressing into wild populations could affect the latter’s ecological characteristics. However, different genes have different likelihoods of introgression. The mixture of selective forces provided by natural conditions creates an adaptive mosaic of alleles from both parental species. We investigated segregation patterns after hybridization between lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and its wild relative, L. serriola. Three generations of hybrids (S1, BC1, and BC1S1) were grown in habitats mimicking the wild parent’s habitat. As control, we harvested S1 seedlings grown under controlled conditions, providing very limited possibility for selection. We used 89 AFLP loci, as well as more recently developed dominant markers, 115 retrotransposon markers (SSAP), and 28 NBS loci linked to resistance genes. For many loci, allele frequencies were biased in plants exposed to natural field conditions, including over‐representation of crop alleles for various loci. Furthermore, Linkage disequilibrium was locally changed, allegedly by selection caused by the natural field conditions, providing ample opportunity for genetic hitchhiking. Our study indicates that when developing genetically modified crops, a judicious selection of insertion sites, based on knowledge of selective (dis)advantages of the surrounding crop genome under field conditions, could diminish transgene persistence.