bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumatic handling of droplets on‐demand on a microfluidic device for seamless processing of reaction and electrophoretic separation
Authors: Kaneda Shohei , Ono Koichi , Fukuba Tatsuhiro , Nojima Takahiko , Yamamoto Takatoki , Fujii Teruo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSequential operations of pre‐separation reaction process by picoliter droplets and following electrophoretic separation process were realized in a single microfluidic device with pneumatic handling of liquid. The developed device consists of a fluidic chip made of PDMS, an electrode substrate, and a temperature control substrate on which thin film heater/sensor structures are fabricated. Liquid handling, including introduction of liquid samples, droplet generation, and merging of droplets, was implemented by pneumatic manipulation through microcapillary vent structures, allowing air to pass and stop liquid flow. Since the pneumatic manipulations are conducted in a fully automated manner by using a programmable air pressure control system, the user simply has to load liquid samples on each liquid port of the device. Droplets of 420 pL were generated with an accuracy of ±2 pL by applying droplet generation pressure in the range of 40–100 kPa. As a demonstration, a binding reaction of a 15mer ssDNA with a peptide nucleic acid oligomer used as an oligoprobe followed by denaturing electrophoresis to discriminate a single‐base substitution was performed within 1.5 min. By exploiting the droplet‐on‐demand capability of the device, the influence of various factors, such as reaction time, mixing ratio and droplet configurations on the ssDNA‐peptide nucleic acid binding reaction in the droplet‐based process, was studied toward realization of a rapid detection method to discriminate rapid single‐base substitution.
Microchip electroseparation of proteins using lipid‐based nanoparticles
Authors: Ohlsson Pelle , Ordeig Olga , Nilsson Christian , Harwigsson Ian , Kutter Jörg P. , Nilsson Staffan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPorous liquid crystalline lipid‐based nanoparticles are shown here to enable protein analysis in microchip electroseparation by reducing sample adsorption. Additionally, higher stability and reproducibility of the separations were observed. The method was tested by separating green fluorescent protein (GFP) in hot embossed cyclic olefin polymer microchips with integrated fiber grooves for LIF detection. The sample adsorption was indirectly quantified by measuring the height, width and asymmetry of the separation peaks for various concentrations of nanoparticles in the sample and background electrolyte. Without nanoparticles, electropherograms displayed typical signs of extensive adsorption to the channel walls, with low, broad tailing peaks. Higher, narrower more symmetric peaks were generated when 0.5–10% nanoparticles were added, showing a dramatic reduction of sample adsorption. The current through the separation channel decreased with nanoparticle concentration, reducing to half its value when the nanoparticle concentration was increased from 0.5 to 4%. Addition of nanoparticles enabled separations that were otherwise hindered by extensive adsorption, e.g. separation of GFP mutants differing by only one amino acid. It was also observed that increasing the nanoparticle concentration increased the number of impurities that could be resolved in a GFP sample. This indicates that the adsorption is further reduced, and/or that the nanoparticles provide an interacting pseudostationary phase for electrochromatography.
Novel shape and placement definitions with retention modeling for solid microfabricated pillar columns for CEC and HPLC
Authors: Sukas Sertan , Desmet Gert , Gardeniers Han J. G. E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel design approach for optimizing the shape of microfabricated pillar columns for LC is presented. 2‐D flow simulations are performed with a focus on electrokinetically driven flow, in order to evaluate the performance of the new method. The proposed foil shape is compared with geometrical shapes known from the literature, for various arrangements. It yields a much more uniform velocity field distribution and a decrease in plate height values up to 25%. In addition to shape optimization, a new method for spatial arrangement of structures is presented. With the aim of conserving the hydrodynamic balance, the axial spacing of the pillars is adjusted according to the proposed equivalent width approach. When compared with a fixed interpillar spacing in all directions, it increases the flow uniformity and results in an 18% lower plate height. A new direct simulation approach is implemented to model both flow field and retention for solid microfabricated pillar structures in the 2‐D domain. This model, which defines retention as inward/outward fluxes through the wall surfaces as first order reactions, enables monitoring of the time‐dependent process and an evaluation of the parameters affecting performance. The meaning of the obtained results in a practical setting, with limitations in photolithography and microfabrication, will be highlighted.
A novel type of angle steel buckling‐restrained brace: Cyclic behavior and failure mechanism
Authors: Zhao Junxian , Wu Bin , Ou Jinping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel type of angle steel buckling‐restrained brace (ABRB) has been developed for easier control on initial geometric imperfection in the core, more design flexibility in the buckling restraining mechanism and easier assembly work. The steel core is composed of four angle steels to form a non‐welded cruciform shape restrained by two external angle steels, which are welded longitudinally to form an external tube. Component test was conducted on seven ABRB specimens under uniaxial quasi‐static cyclic loading. The test results reveal that the consistency between the actual and design behavior of ABRB can be well achieved without the effect of weld in the core. The ABRBs with proper details exhibited stable cyclic behavior and satisfactory cumulative plastic ductility capacity, so that they can serve as effective hysteretic dampers. However, compression–flexure failure at the steel core projection was found to be the primary failure mode for the ABRBs with hinge connections even though the cross‐section of the core projection was reinforced two times that of the yielding segment. The failure mechanism is further discussed by investigating the Nu– Mu correlation curve. It is found that the bending moment response developed in the core projection induced by end rotation was the main cause for such a failure mode, and it is suggested that core projection should be kept within elastic stage under the possible maximum axial load and bending moment response. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental changes in children's inductive inferences for biological concepts: implications for the development of essentialist beliefs
Authors: Farrar M. Jeffrey , Boyer‐Pennington Michelle 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe examined developmental changes in children's inductive inferences about biological concepts as a function of knowledge of properties and concepts. Specifically, 4‐ to 5‐year‐olds and 9‐ to 10‐year‐olds were taught either familiar or unfamiliar internal, external, or functional properties about known and unknown target animals. Children were asked to infer whether each of four probes, varying in categorical and perceptual similarity to the target, also shared that property. Overall, children made more inferences for known concepts and familiar properties. Older children were more likely to use categorical than perceptual information when making inferences about internal and functional properties of known concepts; however, younger children, in general, made no distinction for property type, and they weighted categorical and perceptual information similarly. Both age groups utilized appearance when making inferences about external properties. Results are discussed in terms of developmental changes in children's appreciation of essentialism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Word learning from videos: more evidence from 2‐year‐olds
Authors: Allen Rebekah , Scofield Jason 
Published: October 2010

AbstractYoung children are frequently exposed to examples of screen media like videos. The current studies asked whether videos would support word learning and whether word learning from videos might resemble word learning from a live speaker. In Study 1, 2‐year‐olds saw a video of a target image being labelled with a novel word and were later asked to point to and name the image and its live counterpart. Study 2 was similar except that 2‐year‐olds were asked to solve video and live versions of the disambiguation task (i.e. to point to and name a distracter image and its live counterpart). Results showed that 2‐year‐olds learned and disambiguated words from video (as measured by both pointing and naming) and that learning was similar on the video and live versions of each task. These results have important implications for theories of word learning and for the viability of video as a source for young children's word learning. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast empirical GAFF compatible partial atomic charge assignment scheme for modeling interactions of small molecules with biomolecular targets
Authors: Mukherjee Goutam , Patra Niladri , Barua Poranjyoti , Jayaram B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report here a new and fast approach [Transferable Partial Atomic Charge Model (TPACM4)—upto four bonds] for deriving the partial atomic charges of small molecules for use in protein/DNA‐ligand docking and scoring. We have created a look‐up table of 5302 atom types to cover the chemical space of C, H, O, N, S, P, F, Cl, and Br atoms in small molecules together with their quantum mechanical RESP fit charges. The atom types defined span diverse plausible chemical environments of each atom in a molecule. The partial charge on any atom in a given molecule is then assigned by a reference to the look‐up table. We tested the sensitivity of the TPACM4 partial charges in estimates of hydrogen bond dimers energies, solvation free energies and protein‐ligand binding free energies. An average error ±1.11 kcal/mol and a correlation coefficient of 0.90 is obtained in the calculated protein‐ligand binding free energies vis‐à‐vis an RMS error of ±1.02 kcal/mol and a correlation coefficient of 0.92 obtained with RESP fit charges in comparison to experiment. Similar accuracies are realized in predictions of hydrogen bond energies and solvation free energies of small molecules. For a molecule containing 50–55 atoms, the method takes on the order of milliseconds on a single processor machine to assign partial atomic charges. The TPACM4 programme has been web‐enabled and made freely accessible athttp://www.scfbio‐iitd.res.in/software/drugdesign/charge.jsp. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011.
The gametogenic cycle of Leguminaia whaetleyi (Lea, 1862) in lake Gölbaşı, Turkey (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Authors: Çek Şehriban , ŞerefliŞan Hülya 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe gonadal structure and cycle of the Leguminaia whaetleyi is described for the first time indicating that 5% of this species is simultaneous hermaphrodite. A total of 420 individuals were collected in monthly samples from October 2008 to September 2009 in Gölbaşı Lake, Turkey. Calculation of the condition index and histological examination of the gonads showed that gametogenesis began in January. Spawning occurred between May and August with one maximum peak in July. Annual maximum oocytes size peaked in July. The population consisted of simultaneous hermaphrodite individuals. Sex ratio of L. whaetleyi was significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio (P<0.05), and also female biased sex ratio was recorded. In hermaphrodite specimens, male and female follicles were mixed in the visceral mass but can be clearly distinguished by light microscopy study. L. whaetleyi appears to be a dioecious species in which 25 specimens were simultaneous hermaphrodite and under certain environmental conditions may be capable of self‐fertilization. This suggests that detailed studies on sex ratio of L. whaetleyi may be helpful in understanding unionid phylogeny. J. Exp. Zool. 315:30–40, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viscosimetric detection in size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC/GPC): The Goldwasser method and beyond
Authors: Castignolles Patrice , Gaborieau Marianne 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSize‐exclusion chromatography (SEC or GPC) is the most widely used separation method to characterize polymers. The high level of complexity of most polymeric materials necessitates the use of not only concentration‐sensitive detection but also structure‐sensitive detection. Viscometry is usually used in conjunction with a concentration‐sensitive detector and universal calibration to determine molecular weights of polymers. Goldwasser proposed to use a viscometer as a single detector to determine number‐average molecular weights, Mn (ACS Symposium Series, 521, 143). The method is particularly of interest when concentration‐sensitive detection is not available, because the sample is isorefractive or not UV‐absorbing, or because composition is not constant (copolymers). It has known very little applications so far. It actually does not only allow determining Mn, but also the number hydrodynamic volume distribution. This opens a wider range of applications for the Goldwasser method. Size‐exclusion chromatography only yields inaccurate molecular weight distributions for some complex branched polymers. Hydrodynamic volume distributions have then a strong potential for comparative studies owing to their far higher accuracy. Our experimental tests highlight the fact that the method is highly sensitive to noise and careful optimization of the injection concentration is needed, but number distribution can be obtained as well as Mn.
2‐D chromatography applied to the study of block copolymers synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated controlled free‐radical seeded emulsion polymerization
Authors: Moyses Stephan , Ness Jason , Papakonstantopoulos George 
Published: October 2010

Abstract2‐D chromatography with gradient polymer elution chromatography in the first dimension was used to characterize a series of block copolymers prepared by nitroxide‐mediated controlled free‐radical seeded emulsion polymerization. The data provide a detailed picture of the different populations generated during the successive stages of the reaction. In particular, deviations from ideal conditions, such as an exothermic temperature spike, are obvious from the 2‐D chromatogram, and its interpretation provides unique insight into the reaction mechanisms. Finally, atomic force microscopy images obtained on films cast from copolymer solutions evidence the relationship between polymer microstructure and film morphology.
Potential of a metal–organic framework as a new material for solid‐phase extraction of pesticides from lettuce (Lactuca sativa), with analysis by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Barreto Alysson S. , da Silva Rogério Luiz , dos Santos Silva Silvia Caroline G. , Rodrigues Marcelo O. , de Simone Carlos A. , de Sá Gilberto F. , Júnior Severino A. , Navickiene Sandro , de Mesquita Maria Eliane 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe metal–organic framework ∞[(La0.9Eu0.1)2(DPA)3(H2O)3] was tested for extraction of pyrimicarb, procymidone, malathion, methyl parathion and α‐ and β‐endosulfan from lettuce, with analysis using GC/MS in SIM mode. Experiments were carried out in triplicate at two fortification levels (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg), and resulted in recoveries in the range of 78–107%, with RSD values between 1.6 and 8.0% for ∞[(La0.9Eu0.1)2(DPA)3(H2O)3] sorbent. Detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 mg/kg and from 0.05 to 0.10 mg/kg, respectively, for the different pesticides studied. The method developed was linear over the range tested (0.05–10.0 μg/mL), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9990 to 0.9997. Comparison between ∞[(La0.9Eu0.1)2(DPA)3(H2O)3] and conventional sorbent (silica gel) showed better performance of the ∞[(La0.9Eu0.1)2(DPA)3(H2O)3] polymeric sorbent for all pesticides tested.
Endothelin und Endothelin‐Rezeptorantagonisten. Wirkungen, Nebenwirkungen und Interaktionen
Authors: Dahse Anna‐Judith , Nieber Karen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie Substanzklasse der ET‐Rezeptorantagonisten hat die Therapiemöglichkeiten der PAH erweitert. Die therapieresistente Hypertonie scheint dagegen keine viel versprechende Indikation zu sein. Ein Problem stellt die Lebertoxizität dar. Obwohl bei den selektiven Antagonisten geringer ausgeprägt, sind regelmäßige Kontrolluntersuchungen erforderlich. Ebenfalls nicht ausreichend geklärt ist die Embryotoxizität. Deshalb muss eine Schwangerschaft vor und während der Behandlung mit ET‐Rezeptorantagonisten unbedingt ausgeschlossen werden. Es bleibt abzuwarten, wann weitere ET‐Rezeptorantagonisten mit verbesserter Nutzen‐Risiko‐Relation auf den Markt kommen. Begonnen hat auch die Entwicklung von selektiven ETB‐Rezeptoragonisten. Die intravenös applizierbare Substanz SPI 1620 befindet sich derzeit in Phase‐I‐ und Phase‐II‐Studien als Adjuvans zur Chemotherapie. Auch hier wird die Zukunft zeigen, wie effektiv diese Substanzen sind.
Molekulare Mechanismen der Endothelin‐Rezeptorerkennung. Ursachen von Selektivität, Aktivierung und Inhibierung
Authors: Lättig Jens , Krause Gerd 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie Kombination umfangreicher, experimenteller Daten aus biochemischen und strukturbiologischen Experimenten mit theoretischen Modellen und Simulationen ermöglichte die Charakterisierung der molekularen Details für Rezeptorselektivität und Subtypspezifität in den Endothelinrezeptoren ETA und ETB. Anfängliche Betrachtungen der Wechselwirkungen von natürlichen Peptidliganden und deren synthetischen Derivaten in beiden Endothelinrezeptor‐Subtypen resultierten in weiteren Erkenntnissen hinsichtlich Aktivierung und Hemmung von ETA und ETB. Weitergehende strukturelle Vergleiche dieser Liganden mit synthetischen Endothelinrezeptor‐Antagonisten (Sentane) sind konsistent zu den bestehenden Ligand‐Rezeptor‐Modellen. Folglich werden die so gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bezüglich Rezeptorselektivität, Subtypspezifität, Aktivierung und Inhibierung in zukünftigen Studien und in der Entwicklung neuer Liganden für ETA und ETB von Nutzen sein.
Praktisches Management der pulmonal arteriellen Hypertonie. Therapie nach aktuellen Leitlinien
Authors: Pabst Stefan , Hammerstingl Christoph , Nickenig Georg , Skowasch Dirk 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie pulmonal arterielle Hypertonie (PAH) ist eine Erkrankung mit komplexer Symptomatik, Ätiologie und Pathophysiologie. Sie ist nicht heilbar und die Überlebenszeit bei unzureichender Therapie ähnelt dem einiger maligner Erkrankungen. Durch eine zielgerichtete Diagnostik und sich anschließende spezifische Therapie können das Überleben und die Lebensqualität deutlich gesteigert werden. Die Studienlage bezüglich einer adäquaten, stadienabhängigen Therapie hat sich in den letzten Jahren erheblich verbessert.
Pulmonale Hypertonie aus Patientensicht. Hilfe durch Selbsthilfegruppen
Authors: Kopp Bruno 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDer gemeinnützige Selbsthilfeverein pulmonale hypertonie e.v. (ph e.v.) möchte an pulmonaler Hypertonie erkrankten Patienten und deren Angehörigen in ihrem persönlichen Schicksal helfen. Der Verein gibt Informationen über Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik und der Therapie weiter und vermittelt Kontakte zu spezialisierten Ärzten.
Tuning the absorption spectra and nonlinear optical properties of D‐π‐A azobenzene derivatives by changing the dipole moment and conjugation length: a theoretical study
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Lu Guo‐Yuan , Ma Jing 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe optical properties of several azobenzene derivatives were modulated by varying the dipole moments and conjugation lengths of the D‐π‐A systems. The relationship between the structure and absorption spectrum and polarizability was studied in the gas phase, THF and MeOH solutions, respectively, by using the density functional theory. The calculated absorption spectra and second‐order polarizabilities are in good agreement with the available experimental observations. In comparison with the D‐π‐A monomer, the H‐shaped D‐π‐A dimer almost doubles the dipole moments and hence increases the second‐order polarizabilities, without a significant shift in the maximum absorption bands. The addition of another azobenzol group between electron‐donating and ‐accepting groups increases the second‐order polarizabilities by 4–6 times, but leads to an evident red‐shift of about 65–80 nm in spectra. The relative second‐order polarizability of the halogen‐substituted derivatives is in the sequence of CF3 > F > Cl > Br, without obvious substituent effects on the optical transparency. The D‐π‐A chromophores with the strong electron‐donating (amino) and ‐accepting (acetyl) substituent present the larger second‐order polarizabilities, at the cost of about 20 nm red‐shift of the maximum absorption lengths relative to the halogen‐substituted species. It is also demonstrated that both the linear and nonlinear optical properties augment with the increase in solvent polarity, accompanied by a red‐shift in the wavelengths of maximum absorption by about 18 and 23 nm, respectively, in THF and MeOH solutions. The changes in optical properties upon the structural modifications are further rationalized by the electronic structures of various H‐shaped dimers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternating copolymers of 2,6‐bis(p‐dihexylaminostyryl)anthracene‐9,10‐diyl and N‐octylcarbazole with large two‐photon cross sections
Authors: Xueheng Zhang , Wen Li , Xiaojing Li , Tongliang Liu , Zhaobo Fan , Wenjun Yang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report the synthesis, thermal, one‐ and two‐photon properties of poly(2,6‐bis(p‐dihexylaminostyryl)anthracene‐9,10‐diyl‐alt‐N‐octylcarbazole‐3,6‐/2,7‐diyl) (P1/P2). The as‐synthesized polymers exhibit number‐average molecular weights of 1.7 × 104 for P1 and 2.1 × 104 g/mol for P2. They emit strong one‐ and two‐photon excitation fluorescence with the peak around 502 nm, and the fluorescence quantum yields around 0.76 in chloroform. In film state, P1 and P2 show different red‐shift emission with the peaks at 512 nm and 523 nm, respectively. The DSC measurement reveals that as‐synthesized polymers are all amorphous aggregates with the glass transition temperatures of 131 °C for P1 and 152 °C for P2. The solution two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties of P1 and P2 in chloroform are measured by the two‐photon‐induced fluorescence method using femtosecond laser pulses (120 fs). The TPA cross sections (δ) are measured over the range of 700–900 nm. The maximal δ of P1 and P2 all appear at ∼800 nm and are 1010 GM and 940 GM per repeating unit, respectively. This suggests that no notable interactions among structure units that impair their fluorescence and TPA properties, and the polymers with large δ can be obtained by using the high TPA‐active units as building blocks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Stereospecific radical polymerization of N‐tert‐butoxycarbonylacrylamide in the presence of fluorinated alcohols
Authors: Hirano Tomohiro , Yamaoka Ryosuke , Miyazaki Takamasa , Ute Koichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRadical polymerization of N‐tert‐butoxycarbonylacrylamide (NBocAAm) in toluene at low temperatures in the presence of the fluorinated alcohols, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol, and nonafluoro‐tert‐butanol, afforded atactic, heterotactic, and syndiotactic polymers, respectively. NMR analysis revealed that the fluorinated alcohols formed hydrogen bonding‐assisted complexes with NBocAAm, with different structures. The difference in the structures of the complexes was responsible for the differences in the induced stereospecificities. Based on the structures of the complexes between NBocAAm and the fluorinated alcohols, mechanisms for the three kinds of stereospecific radical polymerizations are proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010