bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal and design of 81.25 MHz heavy ion drift tube linacs for BISOL
Authors: Han Meiyun , Wei Tianhao , Xia Ying , Morris Austin , Lu Yuanrong , Wang Zhi , Peng Zhaohua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Based on the design requirements proposed by the Beijing
On-Line Isotope Separation project (BISOL), four Sn22+-based,
81.25 MHz continuous wave (CW) drift tube linac (DTL) cavities have
been designed. These DTLs are capable of accelerating Sn22+ of
0.1 pmA from 0.5 MeV/u to 1.8 MeV/u over a length of 7 m, with an
output longitudinal normalized RMS emittance of
0.35π·mm·mrad, and transmission efficiency higher than
95%. The dynamics design adopted the KONUS (Kombinierte Null Grad
Struktur Combined 0° Structure) scheme. Comprehensive error
study implies that these DTLs can accommodate a wide range of
non-ideal beams and cavity alignment errors while maintaining high
transmission efficiency. The electromagnetic design employed a
Cross-bar H-mode (CH) structure for superior water-cooling
characteristics, and a detailed tuning analysis was conducted to
derive an optimal tuning scheme. The results of the multiple-physics
analysis indicate that the frequency shift of each cavity is within
an acceptable range. Comparing the dynamics requirements with the RF
design results, similar particle output phase distribution,
equivalent energy gain and consistent emittance growth are
observed. Detailed designs will be presented in this manuscript.
Understanding the role of the spatial-temporal variability of catchment water storage capacity and its runoff response using deep learning networks
Authors: Xie Kang , Cheng Qian , Zhang Jianyun , Liu Pan , Wang Guoqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The land surface of a watershed acts as a large reservoir, with its catchment water storage capacity (CWSC) influencing rainfall-runoff relationship. Estimating CWSC at global grid scale is challenging due to calibration complexity, limited spatial continuity, and data scarcity. To address this, a deep learning-based approach incorporates spatial reconstruction and temporal transfer for capturing spatio-temporal variations in watershed characteristics. The study focuses on the Global Runoff Data Centre dataset and presents a grid-based hydrological model. Findings demonstrate accurate identification of CWSC distribution, with the model achieving an R
2 of 0.92 and the runoff Kling–Gupta efficiency of 0.71 during validation. According to the CMIP6 projections, the global CWSC is anticipated to undergo a significant increase at a rate of 1.7 mm per decade under the SSP5-8.5 emission scenario. Neglecting spatio-temporal CWSC variability globally overestimates climate change’s impact on runoff, potentially reducing the projected long-term increase by up to 41%.
The complex elliptic Ginibre ensemble at weak non-Hermiticity: bulk spacing distributions
Authors: Bothner Thomas , Little Alex 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We show that the distribution of bulk spacings between pairs of adjacent eigenvalue real parts of a random matrix drawn from the complex elliptic Ginibre ensemble is asymptotically given by a generalization of the Gaudin-Mehta distribution, in the limit of weak non-Hermiticity. The same generalization is expressed in terms of an integro-differential Painlevé function and it is shown that the generalized Gaudin-Mehta distribution describes the crossover, with increasing degree of non-Hermiticity, from Gaudin-Mehta nearest-neighbor bulk statistics in the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble to Poisson gap statistics for eigenvalue real parts in the bulk of the Complex Ginibre Ensemble.
Role of morphology in improving the catalytic performance of ZnCo2O4 for soot oxidation
Authors: Rajagopal Nithya , A L Vikram , Dasari Harshini , S Nethaji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The extent of interaction between carbon and catalyst profoundly shapes soot oxidation results. The catalyst configuration notably influences the frequency of contact points in solid–solid interactions. This investigation studies the impact of three distinct ZnCo2O4 catalyst morphologies and their redox property on soot oxidation. The formation of the cubic phase of ZnCo2O4 via three distinct methods was revealed during XRD analysis. SEM analysis unveiled varying morphologies, including rod-shaped, rose petal-shaped, and bead-like structures. Notably, ZnCo2O4 exhibiting bead-like morphology demonstrated heightened levels of chemisorbed oxygen species which was observed during XPS analysis. The presence of Co2+ and Co3+ occupied at octahedral site ZnCo2O4 acted as the active sites for soot oxidation. With continuous redox property (Co 3+ → Co 2+) leading to the generation of active oxygen species and with an added advantage of surface morphology, the M2 sample (with bead-like morphology) exhibited superior soot oxidation activity, which is evident by its T50% value of 402 °C. This study underscores the essential role of catalyst morphology in influencing soot oxidation activity. Through a comprehensive array of structural, morphological, and catalytic analyses, this work sheds light on the correlation between catalyst architecture and enhanced soot oxidation performance.
Design and additive manufacturing of bionic hybrid structure inspired by cuttlebone to achieve superior mechanical properties and shape memory function
Authors: Yuan Luhao , Gu Dongdong , Liu Xin , Shi Keyu , Lin Kaijie , Liu He , Zhang Han , Dai Donghua , Sun Jianfeng , Chen Wenxin , Wang Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lightweight porous materials with high load-bearing, damage tolerance and energy absorption (EA) as well as intelligence of shape recovery after material deformation are beneficial and critical for many applications, e.g. aerospace, automobiles, electronics, etc. Cuttlebone produced in the cuttlefish has evolved vertical walls with the optimal corrugation gradient, enabling stress homogenization, significant load bearing, and damage tolerance to protect the organism from high external pressures in the deep sea. This work illustrated that the complex hybrid wave shape in cuttlebone walls, becoming more tortuous from bottom to top, creates a lightweight, load-bearing structure with progressive failure. By mimicking the cuttlebone, a novel bionic hybrid structure (BHS) was proposed, and as a comparison, a regular corrugated structure and a straight wall structure were designed. Three types of designed structures have been successfully manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with NiTi powder. The LPBF-processed BHS exhibited a total porosity of 0.042% and a good dimensional accuracy with a peak deviation of 17.4 μm. Microstructural analysis indicated that the LPBF-processed BHS had a strong (001) crystallographic orientation and an average size of 9.85 μm. Mechanical analysis revealed the LPBF-processed BHS could withstand over 25 000 times its weight without significant deformation and had the highest specific EA value (5.32 J·g−1) due to the absence of stress concentration and progressive wall failure during compression. Cyclic compression testing showed that LPBF-processed BHS possessed superior viscoelastic and elasticity energy dissipation capacity. Importantly, the uniform reversible phase transition from martensite to austenite in the walls enables the structure to largely recover its pre-deformation shape when heated (over 99% recovery rate). These design strategies can serve as valuable references for the development of intelligent components that possess high mechanical efficiency and shape memory capabilities.
Calibration and measurement capability evaluation for 1 MN hydraulic force standard machine newly installed at NMIJ
Authors: Hasegawa Akira , Hayashi Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Social safety is predicated on accurately evaluated force standards and a system for force traceability. National Metrology Institute of Japan, the body responsible for managing Japan’s national force standards, has implemented a new 1 MN hydraulic force standard machine. In this paper, we assess the calibration and measurement capability of this new force standard machine using five different force measuring instruments. Our findings confirm that its capability is less than 1 × 10−4 relative, demonstrating its adequate performance as one of the national force standards.
Biomimetic artificial islet model with vascularized microcapsule structures for durable glycemic control
Authors: Li Jingbo , Fang Yile , Wu Zhuhao , Shang Luoran , Li Ling 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising strategy for diabetes mellitus treatment as it can recapitulate endogenous insulin secretion and provide long-term glycemic control. Islet models constructed in biomaterial scaffolds that reproduce biological characteristics of native islets is a feasible option to circumvent the dilemma of donor shortage and the requirement of chronic immunosuppression. Herein, we developed bioinspired artificial microcapsule-based islet models with microvessels for glycemic control using microfluidic electrospray strategy. Microfluidic electrospray can generate uniform hydrogel microcapsules with core-shell structure for encapsulating islet cells. The cell-laden microcapsules enabled the efficient transportation of nutrient, oxygen, and insulin; as well as the incorporation with microvessels for prompting glucose responsiveness and molecular exchange. We demonstrated by in vivo experiments that the blood glucose, food intake, and body weight of diabetic mouse models were alleviated, and the glucose tolerance was promoted after the engraftment of islet microcapsules. We further demonstrated the improved functionality of transplanted islet model in insulin secretion, immune escape, and microcirculation using standard histological and molecular analysis. These results indicated that the microcapsules with microvessels are promising artificial islet models and are valuable for treating diabetes.
Statistics of Extremes and Records in Random Sequences
Authors: Majumdar Satya N , Schehr Grégory 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Extreme value statistics (EVS) and the statistics of records in a random sequence are truly interdisciplinary topics, spanning statistics and mathematics on one side to the physics of disordered systems on the other. They have important practical applications in a wide variety of fields, such as climate science, finance, spin-glasses, random matrices. One of the basic questions in EVS is how the maximum or minimum of a time series fluctuates from one sample to another. This is well understood when the time series entries are independent and identically distributed (IID), which is the subject of the classical theory of EVS. However, more recently, EVS started to play a very important role in statistical physics. It turns out that in many physical systems the entries of the underlying time series are actually strongly correlated and the classical theory is no longer applicable, which has led to a plethora of activities in the statistical physics and mathematics communities. What is currently missing is a pedagogical book with examples illustrating the basic tools and techniques. The purpose of this book is to provide an introductory monograph on this subject with a style adapted for a graduate student who only has a basic knowledge of probability theory and statistical mechanics. We present the basic ideas and tools using two simple models of time series: an IID sequence, where there is no correlation between the entries, and a random walk sequence, where the entries are strongly correlated. The EVS and related observables can be computed exactly for both models, as we illustrate with several examples and exercises.
The Mexican Constitution of 1917
Authors: Alterio Ana Micaela , Ortega Roberto Niembro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter addresses the Mexican Constitution as a canonical constitution for comparative constitutional law. This is because of two main characteristics. On the one hand, it was the first constitution in the world to recognize social rights, and it did so within a hyper-presidential structure. This combination has been a canonical model for Latin American constitutionalism until today. On the other hand, the rigid formula of the Mexican Constitution through a “permanent constituent power” has allowed more than 700 amendments since its origin in 1917. This second feature is considered more as an anticanon for constitutional stability. The chapter critically reviews the development of these characteristics.
The Hollow Canon of Transnational Constitutional Engagement
Authors: Perju Vlad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses the rise and fall of transnational constitutional engagement in judicial decisions. Around the turn of the twenty-first century, constitutional courts around the world started using foreign law in new and creative ways. Yet, within two decades, those practices diminished considerably and, in some jurisdictions such as the United States, abruptly came to a halt. This chapter starts by tracing that evolution through canonical cases involving the constitutionality of criminal punishments—death penalty and life imprisonment—in South Africa and the United States. It then turns to theories in support of the legitimacy of the use of foreign law in the constitutional context. While the use of foreign law challenges core normative presuppositions in modern constitutionalism, few if any normative accounts match in theory the boldness of the constitutional practice. Lacking a theory to stabilize, legitimize, and ultimately entrench the practice, the use of foreign law became victim to changes in the political and historical factors that brought it into existence in the first place. The chapter argues that the use of foreign law in constitutional interpretation imploded not only under the political and ideological pressure of its fierce critics, but also under the weak and unimaginative defenses of its supporters.
British Conversation is Changing: Resonance and Engagement in the BNC1994 and the BNC2014
Authors: Tantucci Vittorio , Wang Aiqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This applied study assesses the degree to which speakers re-use and acknowledge parts of one another’s utterances. This form of alignment is called resonance (DuBois 2014; Tantucci and Wang 2021), and is a decisive indicator of creativity and verbal engagement. Consistent absence of resonance indicates interactional detachment, which is distinctive of autistic speech (Tantucci and Wang 2023). We analysed resonance in naturalistic interaction among British speakers in the demographically sampled sections of the British National Corpora of English: the BNC1994 and the BNC2014. We controlled for creativity, age, class, gender, context, dialect, and intra-generational speech for 1,600 turns of informal speech. We discovered that upper-class people from the corporate world and neighbouring sectors mutually resonated much more in 2014 than they used to in 1994. This may be due to the dramatic change in corporate and institutional communication in the 2000s, involving a new turn towards corporate social responsibility, participatory frameworks in higher education, and the enactment of ideologies such as inclusivity, engagement, and equality in higher social grades of British society. This plausibly affected not only the system of values of those communities but also their interactional behaviour, now increasingly geared towards overt acknowledgement of other people’s talk.
WGCCRR: a web-based tool for genome-wide screening of convergent indels and substitutions of amino acids
Authors: Dong Zheng , Wang Chen , Qu Qingming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Summary
Genome-wide analyses of proteincoding gene sequences are being employed to examine the genetic basis of adaptive evolution in many organismal groups. Previous studies have revealed that convergent/parallel adaptive evolution may be caused by convergent/parallel amino acid changes. Similarly, detailed analysis of lineage-specific amino acid changes has shown correlations with certain lineage-specific traits. However, experimental validation remains the ultimate measure of causality. With the increasing availability of genomic data, a streamlined tool for such analyses would facilitate and expedite the screening of genetic loci that hold potential for adaptive evolution, while alleviating the bioinformatic burden for experimental biologists. In this study, we present a user-friendly web-based tool called WGCCRR (Whole Genome Comparative Coding Region Read) designed to screen both convergent/parallel and lineage-specific amino acid changes on a genome-wide scale. Our tool allows users to replicate previous analyses with just a few clicks, and the exported results are straightforward to interpret. In addition, we have also included amino acid indels that are usually neglected in previous work. Our website provides an efficient platform for screening candidate loci for downstream experimental tests.

Availability and Implementation
The tool is available at: https://fishevo.xmu.edu.cn/.
TARO: tree-aggregated factor regression for microbiome data integration
Authors: Mishra Aditya K , Mahmud Iqbal , Lorenzi Philip L , Jenq Robert R , Wargo Jennifer A , Ajami Nadim J , Peterson Christine B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Although the human microbiome plays a key role in health and disease, the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between the microbiome and its host are incompletely understood. Integration with other molecular profiling data offers an opportunity to characterize the role of the microbiome and elucidate therapeutic targets. However, this remains challenging to the high dimensionality, compositionality, and rare features found in microbiome profiling data. These challenges necessitate the use of methods that can achieve structured sparsity in learning cross-platform association patterns.

Results
We propose Tree-Aggregated factor RegressiOn (TARO) for the integration of microbiome and metabolomic data. We leverage information on the taxonomic tree structure to flexibly aggregate rare features. We demonstrate through simulation studies that TARO accurately recovers a low-rank coefficient matrix and identifies relevant features. We applied TARO to microbiome and metabolomic profiles gathered from subjects being screened for colorectal cancer to understand how gut microrganisms shape intestinal metabolite abundances.

Availability and implementation
The R package TARO implementing the proposed methods is available online at https://github.com/amishra-stats/taro-package.
SWGTS—a platform for stream-based host DNA depletion
Authors: Spohr Philipp , Ried Max , Kühle Laura , Dilthey Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Microbial sequencing data from clinical samples is often contaminated with human sequences, which have to be removed prior to sharing. Existing methods for human read removal, however, are applicable only after the target dataset has been retrieved in its entirety, putting the recipient at least temporarily in control of a potentially identifiable genetic dataset with potential implications under regulatory frameworks such as the GDPR. In some instances, the ability to carry out stream-based host depletion as part of the data transfer process may be preferable.

Results
We present SWGTS, a client–server application for the transfer and stream-based host depletion of sequencing reads. SWGTS enforces a robust upper bound on the maximum amount of human genetic data from any one client held in memory at any point in time by storing all incoming sequencing data in a limited-size, client-specific intermediate processing buffer, and by throttling the rate of incoming data if it exceeds the speed of host depletion carried out on the SWGTS server in the background. SWGTS exposes a HTTP–REST interface, is implemented using docker-compose, Redis and traefik, and requires less than 8 Gb of RAM for deployment. We demonstrate high filtering accuracy of SWGTS; incoming data transfer rates of up to 1.65 megabases per second in a conservative configuration; and mitigation of re-identification risks by the ability to limit the number of SNPs present on a popular population-scale genotyping array covered by reads in the SWGTS buffer to a low user-defined number, such as 10 or 100.

Availability and implementation
SWGTS is available on GitHub: https://github.com/AlBi-HHU/swgts (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10891052). The repository also contains a jupyter notebook that can be used to reproduce all the benchmarks used in this article. All datasets used for benchmarking are publicly available.
tstrait: a quantitative trait simulator for ancestral recombination graphs
Authors: Tagami Daiki , Bisschop Gertjan , Kelleher Jerome 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Summary
Ancestral recombination graphs (ARGs) encode the ensemble of correlated genealogical trees arising from recombination in a compact and efficient structure and are of fundamental importance in population and statistical genetics. Recent breakthroughs have made it possible to simulate and infer ARGs at biobank scale, and there is now intense interest in using ARG-based methods across a broad range of applications, particularly in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Sophisticated methods exist to simulate ARGs using population genetics models, but there is currently no software to simulate quantitative traits directly from these ARGs. To apply existing quantitative trait simulators users must export genotype data, losing important information about ancestral processes and producing prohibitively large files when applied to the biobank-scale datasets currently of interest in GWAS. We present tstrait, an open-source Python library to simulate quantitative traits on ARGs, and show how this user-friendly software can quickly simulate phenotypes for biobank-scale datasets on a laptop computer.

Availability and implementation
tstrait is available for download on the Python Package Index. Full documentation with examples and workflow templates is available on https://tskit.dev/tstrait/docs/, and the development version is maintained on GitHub (https://github.com/tskit-dev/tstrait).