bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Pragmatic Study of National Identity Representation in American Political Discourse
Authors: Adham Rafah Abdulkareem , Ali Abid Hmood 
Published: May 2024

National identity is considered the main reason for displaying the national flag ,celebrating national holidays and even declaring solidarity with millions of people whom we do not meet. The study investigates how national identity can be defined along both ethno-cultural and civic lines. This study is a critical pragmatic study of national identity used in American political discourse. One political speech is selected to be the data.This speech belongs to Trump. The model adopted in the analysis is based on Grice’s Maxims Breaching (1975) and Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory (1987). A mixed method is used in analyzing and representing the results. This work tries to answer the following questions: What are the types of national identity that are represented in American political discourse? What is the most common type of maxims breaching and politeness strategies? Which one of these strategies that is highly used? This study aims at identifying the most frequent type of national identity, investigating the most frequent type of maxims breaching and politeness strategies in addition to identifying one of these strategies that is highly used. To answer the above questions, the study hypothesizes that: politicians present their ethnic national identity higher than the civic version, flouting quality maxim is extremely employed, positive politeness strategies score high frequency, and finally politeness strategies are the most dominant strategies used in the adopted model. The most important conclusions the study has come up with are:1) ethnic national identity is highly demonstrated within American political discourse more than the civic one. 2) Regarding maxims breaching, flouting quality maxim is the most commonly one used in the political speech under study. 3) Politicians make use of politeness strategies. Positive politeness strategies are the most dominant ones 4) According to the pragmatic strategies, it is shown that politeness strategies are highly utilized in presenting national identity.
The Impact of Sticky Note Strategy on Students' Vocabulary
Authors: Hama Hamza Hussein , Hussein Hersh Chato 
Published: May 2024

This research entitled (The jokes of ''Rishtai Mirwari'' from the angle of linguistics ambiguity), is an attempt to analyze its jokes in terms of meaning. Ambiguity is generally viewed as an aspect of the semantic level, so it is assumed that ambiguity plays a major role in the production and creation of humor; Especially the jokes of the "Rishtai Mirwari", so the study aims to demonstrate how ambiguity affects the construction of jokes. It also wants to answer an issue, such as; the question of whether the phenomenon of ambiguity in language is of particular importance; to what extent is it reflected in the language of humour. Therefore, the study assumed that cultural ambiguity (synonymy, polysemy) are more widely reflected than other types of ambiguity in jokes (Rishtai Mirwari), because this type of ambiguity is mainly at the level of meaning and the ambiguity is reflected as a semantic game in old jokes. The scope of the research, which is within the framework of the volumes of (Rishtai Mirwari), written in Central Kurdish, mainly relies on the method of (analytical-descriptive) statistics. Also, because much has been said about ambiguity in scientific research mediums, ambiguity has been discussed according to the needs of the subject.
is an attempt to analyze its jokes in terms of meaning. Ambiguity is generally viewed as an aspect of the semantic level, so it is assumed that ambiguity plays a major role in the production and creation of humor; Especially the jokes of the "Rishtey Mrwari", so the study aims to demonstrate how ambiguity affects the construction of jokes. It also wants to answer an issue, such as; the question of whether the phenomenon of ambiguity in language is of particular importance; to what extent is it reflected in the language of humour. Therefore, the study assumed that cultural ambiguity (Homonymy) are more widely reflected than other types of ambiguity in jokes (Rishtey Mrwari), because this type of ambiguity is mainly at the level of meaning and the ambiguity is reflected as a semantic game in old jokes. The scope of the research, which is within the framework of the volumes of (Rishtey Mrwari), written in Central Kurdish, mainly relies on the method of (analytical-descriptive) statistics. Also, because much has been said about ambiguity in scientific research mediums, ambiguity has been discussed according to the needs of the subject.
Efeito Münchhausen e processos de subjetivação no discurso midiático sobre o empreendedorismo
Authors: Fernandes Carolina , Silva Freitas Wendell Robertt 
Published: May 2024

O artigo busca compreender, através da Análise do Discurso de vertente Materialista, o funcionamento do discurso midiático sobre o empreendedorismo. Para isso, analisamos materialidades textuais jornalísticas e publicitárias direcionadas a possíveis empreendedores. Nas análises, interessou-nos compreender o modo como os textos produzem sentidos para a prática do empreendedorismo e, assim, discursivizam o lugar do sujeito-empreendedor. Em nosso dispositivo teórico-analítico, mobilizamos as noções de discurso, sujeito, esquecimento, formação ideológica e formação discursiva. Por fim, as análises nos possibilitaram compreender que o discurso reproduzido pela mídia se insere em uma formação discursiva pró-empreendedorismo determinada por uma formação ideológica Neoliberal que atua de forma a produzir a ilusão de autonomia do sujeito, reforçando a lógica do efeito Münchhausen sob a qual o sujeito-empreendedor ergue a si e seu negócio por sua própria criatividade e esforços, independendo do contexto sócio-histórico em que esteja inserido.
Prevalence of Keratopathy in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Nizamani Neelam , Talpur Khalid Iqbal , Rizwan Nazish , Khan Nisar Ahmed , Das Narain , Kumar Jai 
Published: May 2024

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a chronic allergic eye disease that primarily affects young individuals and can lead to significant discomfort and visual impairment. Keratopathy, in the context of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), refers to corneal changes and complications that can occur as a result of this chronic allergic eye condition. VKC primarily affects the conjunctiva and the cornea, and keratopathy is a significant concern due to its potential to cause visual impairment. Objective: To determine the frequency of keratopathy in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Settings: Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and visual sciences at LUMHS Eye Hospital Hyderabad Pakistan. Duration: From February 16, to August 15, 2019. Methods: All the patients with VKC, aged 5-15 years and both genders were included. History was taken from patient or parent about presenting complains and duration of disease. Clinical (slit lamp) examination was performed to look for corneal lesions. Both eyes of each patient were examined for corneal involvement, including SPEE (positive Florescence staining), corneal epithelial defects, corneal shield ulcer and corneal subepithelial scars. Florescence staining with blue filter was used where indicated. All the data was entered in the proforma and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Total 232 patients were studied, most of the patients 84.1%, belonged to age group of 5-10 years, while 15.9% presented with age range of 11-15 years. Males were most common 78.0%. Frequency of keratopathy was 22.0%. Most of the cases 51.3%, had >1 years duration. According to type of keratopathy, superior punctate epithelial erosions was most common type among 35.3% patients out of 51, scarring was among 24.5% patients, shield ulcer was among 9.8% patients and macro erosion was in 2 patients. No significant impact was found of age on Prevalence of keratopathy, (p-0.419). Male gender, duration of VKC and bilateral eyes were significantly associated with Prevalence of keratopathy, (p-0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that frequency of keratopathy in vernal keratoconjunctivitis is 22.0%.
Análisis de las prioridades físicas y mecánicas del hormigón elaborado con fibras de acero reciclado
Authors: Moya Juan Carlos , Cando Lara Luis Fernando 
Published: May 2024

La presente investigación tiene la finalidad de proporcionar información técnica como alternativa al uso de productos comerciales, en el cual se comprobará si la utilización de fibras metálicas recicladas puede reemplazar a las fibras metálicas comerciales utilizándolas para mejorar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del hormigón. Se usarán fibras metálicas recicladas producidas como desperdicios de la industria metal mecánica, se analizarán las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de muestras de hormigón en estado fresco y endurecido en tres diferentes tipos de combinaciones: hormigón simple sin ningún tipo de refuerzo, hormigón con fibras metálicas comerciales y hormigón con fibras metálicas recicladas, de cada combinación se realizará ensayos de: compresión simple, tracción indirecta por el método Brasileño, ensayo a flexión y la determinación del módulo de elasticidad. En estado fresco se analizará las propiedades físicas: consistencia, homogeneidad y trabajabilidad, permitiendo conocer con estos parámetros la facilidad o dificultad de realizar la mezcla de hormigón con cada tipo de fibras. En estado endurecido las propiedades a ser analizadas serán: compresión simple, tracción indirecta, flexión y módulo de elasticidad con esto se determinará el comportamiento de cada tipo de fibra ante las cargas de servicio.
Talking to Strangers: A Critical Analysis of the Supreme Court of Canada’s Decision in R v Mills
Authors: Buggie Chelsey 
Published: May 2024

In R v Mills, an undercover officer acting without a warrant posed as a 14-year-old girl online and communicated with Mr. Mills through Facebook messages. The officer eventually arranged a meeting with, and arrested Mr. Mills who sought to have the message evidence excluded.
The Supreme Court unanimously ruled to allow the evidence. However, only Justice Martin agreed that Mr. Mills’ s. 8 rights were engaged and infringed. This paper takes the position that the Mills decision is inconsistent with prior s. 8 jurisprudence regarding content neutrality and expectation of privacy in conversations. The type of sting operation used in Mills should have been classified as participant surveillance requiring a warrant.
In Mills, the Supreme Court unduly adjusted the balance of power to favour law enforcement. The result of the Mills decision is that law enforcement may continue to use this investigative technique unregulated, and unencumbered. Such an adjustment in favour of law-enforcement is not justified. Other investigative techniques are available to law enforcement and obtaining a warrant would not unduly hinder child luring investigations. Failure to oversee these operations could have a potential chilling effect on legitimate online relationships and reinforce stereotypes about hypersexualized youth online.
Numerical Solution for Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Line Contact with Couple Stress Fluid as Lubricant
Authors: B. Awati Vishwanath , Kumar N Mahesh , M. Bujurke N. 
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the detail analysis of the influence of thermal and non-Newtonian aspects of lubricant (couple stress fluid) on EHL line contact as a function of slide-roll ratio is presented. The novel low complexity FAS(Full approximation scheme), of Multigrid scheme, with Jacobi dipole and Gauss Seidel relaxationis used for the solution of coupled equations viz.modified Reynolds equation, film thickness equation and energy equation satisfying appropriate boundary conditions. The analysis reveals the combined influence of non-Newtonian, thermal and slide-roll ratio (of bearing movingwith different speeds) on pressure, film thickness and pressure spike covering wide range of physical parameters of interest. Results show that pressure spike is strongly influenced by thermal, slide-roll ratio and non-Newtonian character of lubricant with negligible effect on overall pressure distribution. Also, minimum film thickness is slightly altered and it increases with increase in couple stress parameter. These findings confirm the importance of non-Newtonian and thermal effects in the study of EHL.
Pelaksanaan Lapak Baca di Desa Tarung Manuah dalam Meningkatkan Minat Baca pada Siswa SDN-1 Tarung Manuah
Authors: Kurniawan Usup , Istiqamah Sarifatul , Anggreiningrum Septiani Ade , Mahfudz Muhammad Ali , Alvanajati Nor , Astuti Yulia , Sari Nur Pita , Ilmiani Aulia Mustika , Awaliyah Saidatul , Musyarofah Lailatul , Rahmadani Wendy , Musyarofah Lailatul , Alvanajati Nor , Alvanajati Nor , Sari Nur Pita , Sari Nur Pita , Ilmiani Aulia Mustika , Ilmiani Aulia Mustika 
Published: May 2024

SDN-1 Tarung Manuah merupakan pendidikan formal yang ada di Desa Tarung Manuah yang memiliki beberapa siswa yang masih belum bisa membaca secara lancar dan ruang perpustakaan yang tidak memadai. Sehingga fokus penelitian ini adalah pada peningkatan minat baca pada anak usia Sekolah Dasar di Desa Tarung Manuah. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan minat baca dan semangat belajar anak-anak Sekolah Dasar Desa Tarung Manuah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Strategi pelaksanaan kegiatan ini terdapat 4 tahapan yaitu pertama Pra-Kegiatan, yaitu melakukan kordinasi di lokasi pengabdian, kedua Tahap Persiapan, yaitu mempersiapkan bahan kegiatan, ketiga Tahap Pelaksanaan, yaitu melaksanakan kegiatan lapak baca, keempat Tahap Refleksi, yaitu refeksi/evaluasi dan memberikan rekomendasi terhadap kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan. Hasil dari kegiatan lapak baca di Desa Tarung Manauh yaitu dapat meningkatkan minat baca anak-anak SDN-1 Tarung Manuah dengan dibuktikannya antusias peserta yaitu 97% sangat setuju dapat membangun semangat membaca dan 3% setuju dapat membangun semangat membaca. Serta akan membiasakan diri untuk membaca setelah kegiatan lapak baca ini yaitu, 80,6% sangat setuju dan 10,4% setuju.
गीताका सामाजिक मूल्यमान्यता र सिद्धान्तहरू
Authors: पाण्डे Pandey युव राज Yubaraj 
Published: May 2024

भगवद्गीतालाई वेद, उपनिषद् र पुराणको सारका रूपमा लिइन्छ । यसलाई पूर्वीय दर्शनको सबैभन्दा स्पष्ट र सबैभन्दा पूर्ण सारांशका रूपमा समेत लिइन्छ । त्यसैले भगवद्गीताले दर्शनशास्त्र, धर्मशास्त्र वा कर्तव्यशास्त्र, नीतिशास्त्र, अर्थशास्त्र, व्यवस्थापनविज्ञान, मनोविज्ञान र समाज शास्त्र वा समाजविज्ञान आदि ज्ञानका विभिन्न आयाम वा विधाहरूलाई सूत्रबद्ध ढङ्गले प्रस्तुत गरेको छ भन्नेकुरा अध्येता र अनुसन्धाताहरूले बताउने गरेका छन् । प्रस्तुत सन्दर्भमा भगवद्गीताले समेटेका महत्वपूर्ण सामाजिक मूल्यमान्यताहरू र सिद्धान्तहरूको पहिचान तथा व्याख्या विश्लेषणलाई यस अध्ययनले आफ्नो विषयवस्तुको रूपमा लिएको छ । अध्ययनका लागि भगवद्गीताका विषयमा लेखिएका पुस्तक, पुस्तिका, लेखरचना र अनुसन्धानप्रतिवेदनहरू सूचनाका महत्वपूर्ण स्रोतका रूपमा रहेका छन् । प्रश्नावली र अन्तर्वार्ताको माध्यमबाट प्राथमिक सूचना वा तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गर्ने कामसमेत भएको छ । यसरी साङ्खिकीय पद्धतिको प्रयोगसमेत गरिएको भए पनि यस अध्ययनमा विश्लेषणात्मक वा गुणात्मक अध्ययन विधि नै मुख्य अध्ययन विधिको रूपमा रहेको छ । अध्ययनबाट भगवद्गीताले मानिसको सामाजिक व्यवहारलाई निर्देशित गर्ने केही ठोस सिद्धान्तहरू अघि सारेको छ भन्ने कुरा स्पष्ट हुन्छ । कर्मयोगको सिद्धान्त,ज्ञानयोगको सिद्धान्त, साङ्ख्ययोगको सिद्धान्त,कार्य/कर्म वा लक्ष्यप्रति पूर्ण प्रतिवद्धता (भक्तियोग) को सिद्धान्त, लोकसङ्ग्रहको सिद्धान्त, सर्वभूत हितकोसिद्धान्त, यज्ञको नवीन सिद्धान्त वा जनता वा समाजको निःस्वार्थ सेवाको (सेवायज्ञको) सिद्धान्त, असल आचरण र सत्यनिष्ठाको सिद्धान्त, स्वास्थ्यरक्षा र स्वास्थ्य सुधारको सिद्धान्त आदिलाई भगवद्गीताले अङ्गिकार गरेका महत्वपूर्ण सामाजिक मूल्य र सिद्धान्तको रूपमा यस अध्ययनले पहिचान गरेको छ । दृढनिश्चयको सिद्धान्त र अभ्यासयोगको सिद्धान्तजस्ता मानिसलाई जीवनको उद्देश्य सफल पार्न मद्दत गर्ने सिद्धान्तहरूको पनि भगवद्गीताले विश्लेषण गरेको छ । यस अध्ययनले भगवद्गीताले अघि सारेका सबै सामाजिक मूल्यहरूको विश्लेषण गर्न नसकेको भए पनि भगवद्गीताका सामाजिक मूल्य–मान्यता र सिद्धान्तहरू वर्तमान युगमा पनि सान्दर्भिक छन् र मानिसको पथप्रदर्शन गर्न सक्षम छन् भन्नेकुरा प्रमाणित गर्न भने सफल छ । त्यसैले भगवद्गीताको आग्रहरहित भएर अध्ययन तथा विश्लेषण गरेर यसका जीवनोपयोगी र समाजोपयोगी मूल्यहरूलाई व्यवहारमा उतार्न जरुरी छ ।
सांस्कृतिक सम्पदासहितको शिक्षण: सम्पदा पुस्तान्तरण
Authors: धिमाल Dhimal सोमबहादुर Sombahadur 
Published: May 2024

विश्वसम्पदा महासन्धि १९७२ र अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक सम्पदा महासन्धि २००३ को नेपालपक्ष राष्ट्र बनेको छ । विश्वसम्पदाले मानव निर्मित भौतिक वा मूर्त सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाहरू धरहरा,सङ्ग्रहालय तथा स्मारक, वास्तुकलाकृति, चित्रकला तथा मूर्तिकला; ऐतिहासिक भवनहरू, प्राकृतिक सम्पदाहरू आदि सरोकार पक्षहरूको प्रवर्धन, संरक्षण र पुर्खाको ज्ञान पुस्तान्तरणमा जोड दिन्छ । अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक सम्पदा अन्तर्गत अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाको संवाहकको रूपमा भाषासहितका मौखिक परम्पराहरू तथा अभिव्यक्तिहरू, अभिनय कलाहरू,सामाजिक व्यवहारहरू, अनुष्ठानहरू र चाडपर्वका उत्सवहरू, प्रकृति तथा विश्व ब्रह्माण्डसँग सम्बन्धित ज्ञान तथा व्यवहारहरू पर्दछन् । यसले परम्परागत कलाकौशलहरू, पाकशिक्षा, योगा, ध्यान, दर्शन,जीवनोपयोगी शिक्षा र खेलकुदसँग जोडिएका मूल्यमान्यता, ज्ञान, सिप, कला, प्रविधि, नवपर्वतन सोच र सिद्धान्त विकास गर्दछ । सामाजिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक, धार्मिक पक्षहरू, विश्वदृष्टिकोण, लोकवार्ता, समुदाय र अभ्यासकर्ता, दिगो विकास, उद्यमशीलता र जीविकोपार्जन, सम्पदा पुस्तान्तरण, प्रवर्धन र संरक्षणका कुराहरूमा जोड दिन्छ । समुदायका सवालहरू दिगो विकास साथै अभ्यासकर्ताहरूको जीविकोपार्जन, पुस्तान्तरण गर्नु छ भने शिक्षामा जोड्नुको विकल्प छैन् । संस्कृति समयकाल, राज्यव्यवस्था र नीति, समाज, परिवेश र वातावरण, मूल्यमान्यता र प्रचलित कानुनका आधारमा भिन्नता पाइन्छ । यो निरन्तर परिवर्तनशील प्रक्रिया हो । सिकाइ जन्मेदेखि नमरुञ्जेलसम्म निरन्तर चलिरहन्छ । संस्कृति सरोकार विभिन्न विधाहरूलाई संस्कृतिमय कक्षाकोठा शिक्षण, समुदाय र अभ्यासकर्ताको जीविकोपार्जन, उद्यमशीलता, पर्यटन,आर्थिक उपार्जन, दिगो विकास, सहअस्तित्व र दैनिक जीवनपद्धतिसँग जोड्नुपर्छ । यसले विश्वमा शान्ति र समृद्धिका प्रबल सम्भावनाहरू देखिन्छन् । संस्कृतिका दिगो विकास र पुस्ताहस्तान्तरण गर्नका लागि कक्षाकोठा, कलेज र विश्वविद्यालयको शिक्षामा अनिवार्य जोड्नु आवश्यक छ । पुस्तान्तरणको लागि सम्पदा शिक्षण आजको आवश्यकता हो ।
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Siswa terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa di SD Angkasa 10 Halim Perdana Kusuma Jakarta Timur
Authors: Warti Elis 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Motivas Belajar Siswa di Sekolah Dasar Angkasa 10 Halim Perdana Kusuma Jakarta Timur.Hipotesis yang akan diuji adalah terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar matematika. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survey, dengan target populasi seluruh siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar Angkasa 10 Halim Perdanakusuma. Sampel yang diambil secara acak sederhana. Instrumen penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah penyebaran angkat dan tes belajar matematika .Untuk mengukur motivasi menggunakan tes skala sikap yang didasarkan pada validasi isi. Dengan keterandalan dihitung dengan rumus alpha cronbach. Tes hasil belajar menggunakan soal-soal yang diberikan sesuai dengan kurikulum yang berjalan. Dengan keterandalan dihitung menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas yang dilanjutkan dengan uji t (uji dua pihak ) pada signifikan pada taraf signifikan 0,05. Pada uji kelompok eksperimen diperoleh Y=0,0978 dan L tabel = 0,161 dan X Lo = 0,0974). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan sebagai berikut:”Terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara motivasi belajar siswa dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Dengan persamaan regresi Y=a+bx=29,65 +0,605x. Koefisien korelasi (r )=0,974 signifikan pada 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan berguna untuk para pendidik khususnya guru matematika.
This study aims to determine the effect Motivation of Students Primary School Angkasa 10 Jakarta Halim Perdana Kusuma Timur. Hypothesis be tested is there are positive influence between learning motivation and learning outcomes in mathematics. This research was conducted by survey method, with a target population of all students of class VI Angkasa Primary School Halim Perdanakusuma 10. Samples were taken randomly. The research instrument that would be used was the spread of the lift and the tests measured motivation. To learn math using attitude scale tests that are based on the content validation. With the reliability was calculated by Cronbach alpha formula. Achievement test using questions provided in accordance with the curriculum runs. By reliability was calculated using the test for normality and homogeneity tests were continued by t test (test the two parties) on significant at the 0.05 significance level. On the test of the experimental group obtained Y = 0.0978 and L tables = 0.161 and X Lo = 0.0974). The study concluded the following: "There is a positive influence between the students' motivation to learn math student outcomes. With the regression equation Y = a + bx = 29.65 + 0,605x. The correlation coefficient (r) = 0.974 significant at 0.05. The results of this study are expected to be useful for educators, especially teachers of mathematics.
Selection of safety equipment with choquet integral operators and q-rung orthopair fuzzy information
Authors: Hussain Abrar , Zhang Nan , Ullah Kifayat , Garg Harish , Al-Quran Ashraf , Yin Shi 
Published: May 2024

The q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) is a moderate mathematical model, that has diverse capabilities to handle uncertain and ambiguous information of human opinion during the decision analysis process. The Aczel Alsina operations are more flexible and valuable aggregating tools with parameter values ϻ ⩾ 1, reflecting smooth and accurate information by aggregating awkward and redundant information. The theory of the Choquet integral operator is also used to express the interaction between preferences or criteria by incorporating certain values of preferences. The primary features of this article are to derive some dominant mathematical approaches by combining two different theories like Choquet integral operators and operations of Aczel Alsina tools namely “q-rung orthopair fuzzy Choquet integral Aczel Alsina average” (q-ROFCIAAA), and “q-rung orthopair fuzzy Choquet integral Aczel Alsina geometric” (q-ROFCIAAG) operators. Some special cases and notable characteristics are also demonstrated to show the feasibility of derived approaches. Based on our derived aggregation approaches, a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique aggregates redundant and unpredictable information. In light of developed approaches, a numerical example study to evaluate suitable safety equipment in the construction sector. To reveal the intensity and applicability of derived approaches by contrasting the results of prevailing approaches with currently developed AOs.