bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐ and Intermolecular Oxa‐Pictet–Spengler Cyclization Strategy for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Deoxy Analogues of (+)‐Nanomycin A Methyl Ester, (+)‐Eleutherin, (+)‐Allo‐Eleutherin, and (+)‐Thysanone
Authors: Sawant Rajiv T. , Jadhav Satish G. , Waghmode Suresh B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEnantioselective synthesis of deoxy analogues of pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotics (+)‐nanomycin A methyl ester, (+)‐eleutherin, (+)‐allo‐eleutherin, and (+)‐thysanone was achieved in good overall yield with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity from the common intermediate (R)‐3‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)propane‐1,2‐diol. The intramolecular oxa‐Pictet–Spengler cyclization of 6‐aryl‐1,3‐dioxolone was developed for the first time and utilized in the enantioselective synthesis of (+)‐deoxynanomycin A methyl ester, whereas the intermolecular oxa‐Pictet–Spengler cyclization strategy was applied to the enantioselective synthesis of deoxy analogues of (+)‐eleutherin, (+)‐allo‐eleutherin, and (+)‐thysanone.
MPHT‐Promoted Bromocyclization of ortho‐Substituted Arylalkynes: Application to the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 3‐Bromobenzofurans and ‐Benzo[b]thiophenes
Authors: Jacubert Maud , Tikad Abdellatif , Provot Olivier , Hamze Abdallah , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouâd 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA convenient and general approach to the synthesis of 2‐substituted 3‐bromobenzofurans and ‐benzothiophenes was developed. The procedure is based on the cyclization of ortho‐substituted arylalkynes in the presence of N‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one hydrotribromide (MPHT) as a soft and easy‐to‐handle electrophilic brominating reagent. Under mild reaction conditions, MPHT promoted the bromocyclization of various enynes and diynes as well as arylalkynes to give 2‐substituted 3‐bromobenzofurans and ‐benzothiophenes in high to excellent yields. Subsequent functionalization by palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions at the C–Br bond afforded general access to 2,3‐disubstituted benzofurans and benzothiophenes of biological interest.
Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis
Authors: Toghill Kathryn E. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMetal nanoparticle modified boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been used in the electroanalysis of a number of inorganic and organic analytes. This simple surface modification has enhanced the sensitivity and analytical ability of BDD effectively and consistently, as reported in a number of publications overviewed herein. In this review, a number of metal nanoparticle systems that have utilized BDD electrodes will be discussed. The low capacitance of BDD makes it an ideal substrate for sensitive dynamic electroanalytical experiments. The metal nanoparticle modification of BDD offers a simple yet effective approach to enhancing the electroanalytical ability of the electrode material.
Chemometric analysis of urine fingerprints acquired by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis: Application to the schistosomiasis mouse model
Authors: Garcia‐Perez Isabel , Earll Marc E. , Angulo Santiago , Barbas Coral , Legido‐Quigley Cristina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUrine fingerprints from Schistosoma mansoni infected and control animals were acquired with ultra performance liquid chromatography‐MS (UPLC‐MS) and compared with the urine fingerprints obtained by CE by applying the same set of multivariate analysis tools. Principal component analysis of the aligned data provided a time trajectory where the infection was observed after 30 days with UPLC‐MS and CE. Two main markers describing infected and control, respectively – phenyl acetyl glycine (PAG) and hippurate – were selected to illustrate the use of orthogonal partial least‐square discriminant analysis in determining the discriminatory confidence. PAG was found to be significantly related to the disease (high covariance and correlation), whereas hippurate was found to be nonsignificant as an indicator. Orthogonal partial least‐square discriminant analysis models were validated for sensitivity and specificity. Multivariate data analysis derived from two different detection systems showed that CE‐UV and UPLC‐MS found equivalent results. This work gives additional mechanistic insight into the progress of the S. mansoni infection; the biochemical role and specificity of PAG as a biomarker is yet to be determined.
Application of champedak mannose‐binding lectin in the glycoproteomic profiling of serum samples unmasks reduced expression of alpha‐2 macroglobulin and complement factor B in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Seriramalu Ramarao , Pang Wei Wei , Jayapalan Jaime Jacqueline , Mohamed Emida , Abdul‐Rahman Puteri Shafinaz , Bustam Anita Zarina , Khoo Alan Soo‐Beng , Hashim Onn Haji 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe use of lectin affinity chromatography prior to 2‐DE separation forms an alternative method to unmask the expression of targeted glycoproteins of lower abundance in serum samples. Reduced expression of α‐2 macroglobulin (AMG) and complement factor B (CFB) was detected in sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) when pooled serum samples of the patients and those of healthy individuals were subjected to affinity isolation using immobilized champedak mannose‐binding lectin and analyzed by 2‐DE and densitometry. The AMG and CFB spots were not detected in the 2‐DE protein profiles when the same pooled serum samples were subjected to albumin and IgG depletion and neither were they detected when the depleted samples were analyzed by western blotting and lectin detection. Together with other acute‐phase response proteins that were previously reported to be altered in expression in NPC patients, AMG and CFB may serve as useful complementary biomarkers for NPC.
On the formation of dissolution pipes in Quaternary coastal calcareous arenites in Mediterranean settings
Authors: De Waele Jo , Lauritzen Stein‐Erik , Parise Mario 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA large number of uniform cone‐shaped dissolution pipes has been observed and studied in Quaternary coastal calcareous arenites in Apulia and Sardinia (Italy) and Tunisia. These cylindrical tubes have a mean diameter of 52·8 cm and are up to 970 cm deep (mean depth for sediment‐free pipes is 1·38 m). They generally have smooth walls along their length, are perfectly vertical and taper out towards their bottoms. Their development is not influenced by bedding nor fractures. Sometimes their walls are coated by a calcrete crust. Their morphology has been studied in detail and their relationships with the surrounding rocks and with the environment have been analysed. The perfectly vertical development is a clear evidence of their genesis controlled by gravity. The depth of the dissolution pipes can be described by an exponential distribution law (the Milanovic distribution), strongly suggesting they developed by a diffusion mechanism from the surface vertically downward. We believe dissolution pipes preferentially form in a covered karst setting. Local patches of soil and vegetation cause infiltration water to be enriched in carbon dioxide enhancing dissolution of carbonate cement and local small‐scale subsidence. This process causes the formation of a depression cone that guides infiltrating waters towards these spots giving rise to the downward growth of gravity‐controlled dissolution pipes. A change of climate from wetter phases to drier and hotter ones causes the formation of a calcrete lining, fossilizing the pipes. When the pipes become exposed to surface agents by erosion of the sediment cover or are laterally breached the loose quartz sand filling them may be transported elsewhere. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Snub‐nosed monkeys: Multilevel societies across varied environments
Authors: Kirkpatrick R. Craig , Grueter Cyril C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe ecology and behavior of the four species of Rhinopithecus, snub‐nosed monkeys, are rapidly becoming well known. New field studies reveal in depth the striking adaptations of these colobines. Diets range from those typical for tropical colobines to diets dominated by lichens. The monkeys form bands, at times consisting of more than 400 individuals; these bands are based on the one‐male, multi‐female units common in colobines. We review the diet, range use, and social organization of snub‐nosed monkeys, and then explore the power of socioecological theory to explain their multilevel social organization.
A homologous form of human interleukin 16 is implicated in microglia recruitment following nervous system injury in leech Hirudo medicinalis
Authors: Croq Françoise , Vizioli Jacopo , Tuzova Marina , Tahtouh Muriel , Sautiere Pierre‐Eric , Van Camp Christelle , Salzet Michel , Cruikshank William W. , Pestel Joel , Lefebvre Christophe 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn contrast to mammals, the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis can completely repair its central nervous system (CNS) after injury. This invertebrate model offers unique opportunities to study the molecular and cellular basis of the CNS repair processes. When the leech CNS is injured, microglial cells migrate and accumulate at the site of lesion, a phenomenon known to be essential for the usual sprouting of injured axons. In the present study, we demonstrate that a new molecule, designated HmIL‐16, having functional homologies with human interleukin‐16 (IL‐16), has chemotactic activity on leech microglial cells as observed using a gradient of human IL‐16. Preincubation of microglial cells either with an anti‐human IL‐16 antibody or with anti‐HmIL‐16 antibody significantly reduced microglia migration induced by leech‐conditioned medium. Functional homology was demonstrated further by the ability of HmIL‐16 to promote human CD4+ T cell migration which was inhibited by antibody against human IL‐16, an IL‐16 antagonist peptide or soluble CD4. Immunohistochemistry of leech CNS indicates that HmIL‐16 protein present in the neurons is rapidly transported and stored along the axonal processes to promote the recruitment of microglial cells to the injured axons. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a functional interleukin‐16 homologue in invertebrate CNS. The ability of HmIL‐16 to recruit microglial cells to sites of CNS injury suggests a role for HmIL‐16 in the crosstalk between neurons and microglia in the leech CNS repair. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activity‐dependent intracellular chloride accumulation and diffusion controls GABAA receptor‐mediated synaptic transmission
Authors: Jedlicka Peter , Deller Thomas , Gutkin Boris S. , Backus Kurt H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the CNS, prolonged activation of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) has been shown to evoke biphasic postsynaptic responses, consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization. A potential mechanism underlying the depolarization is an acute chloride (Cl−) accumulation resulting in a shift of the GABAA reversal potential (EGABA). The amount of GABA‐evoked Cl− accumulation and accompanying depolarization depends on presynaptic and postsynaptic properties of GABAergic transmission, as well as on cellular morphology and regulation of Cl− intracellular concentration ([Cl−]i). To analyze the influence of these factors on the Cl− and voltage behavior, we studied spatiotemporal dynamics of activity‐dependent [Cl−]i changes in multicompartmental models of hippocampal cells based on realistic morphological data. Simulated Cl− influx through GABAARs was able to exceed physiological Cl− extrusion rates thereby evoking HCO3− ‐dependent EGABA shift and depolarizing responses. Depolarizations were observed in spite of GABAA receptor desensitization. The amplitude of the depolarization was frequency‐dependent and determined by intracellular Cl− accumulation. Changes in the dendritic diameter and in the speed of GABA clearance in the synaptic cleft were significant sources of depolarization variability. In morphologically reconstructed granule cells subjected to an intense GABAergic background activity, dendritic inhibition was more affected by accumulation of intracellular Cl− than somatic inhibition. Interestingly, EGABA changes induced by activation of a single dendritic synapse propagated beyond the site of Cl− influx and affected neighboring synapses. The simulations suggest that EGABA may differ even along a single dendrite supporting the idea that it is necessary to assign EGABA to a given GABAergic input and not to a given neuron. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An investigation of preschoolers' misattributions of the properties of two‐dimensional images: understanding the relationship between a symbol and its referent
Authors: Claxton Laura J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have found that preschoolers are confused about the relationship between two‐dimensional (2D) symbols and their referents. Preschoolers report that 2D images (e.g. televised images and photographs) share some of the characteristics of the objects they are representing. A novel Comparison Task was created to test what might account for these misattributions of the properties of 2D images. Three‐and‐a‐half‐ and four‐and‐a‐half‐year olds made comparisons between items presented in two of three formats simultaneously, i.e. as a real object and as an object appearing on television (TV), as a real object and as a photo of that object, or as an object appearing on TV and in a photo. Presenting the televised object or the photo of the object along with the real object aided performance; children indicated that televised objects and photos of objects no longer shared the properties of the real objects. Children also performed better when presented with two 2D images of the same object (the photo of the object and the televised image of the object). Although dual‐representation might account for these misattributions of the properties of 2D images, because children also performed better when two 2D images of the same object were present, other possibilities such as children using pictures as communicative devices and disregarding the pragmatics of the task should be explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA damage in brain cells and behavioral deficits in mice after treatment with high doses of amantadine
Authors: Kaefer Vanessa , Semedo Juliane Garcia , Silva Kahl Vivian Francília , Von Borowsky Rafael Gomes , Gianesini Janaína , Ledur Kist Tarso Benigno , Pereira Patrícia , Picada Jaqueline Nascimento 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAmantadine (AMA) is an uncompetitive antagonist of theN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor, with clinical application, acting on treatment of influenza A virus and Parkinson's disease. It has been proposed that AMA can indirectly modulate dopaminergic transmission. In high doses, the central nervous system is its primary site of toxicity. To examine deleterious effects on CNS induced by AMA, this study evaluated possible neurobehavioral alterations induced by AMA such as stereotyped behavior, the effects on locomotion and memory and its possible genotoxic/mutagenic activities. Adult male CF‐1 mice were treated with a systemic injection of AMA (15, 30 or 60 mg kg−1) 20 min before behavioral tasks on open field and inhibitory avoidance. Higher AMA doses increased the latency to step‐down inhibitory avoidance test in the training session in the inhibitory avoidance task. At 60 mg kg−1AMA induced impairing effects on locomotion and exploration and hence impaired habituation to a novel environment. Stereotyped behavior after each administration in a 3‐day trial was observed, suggesting effects on dopaminergic system. Amantadine was not able to induce chromosomal mutagenesis or toxicity on bone marrow, as evaluated by the micronucleus assay. At the lowest dose tested, AMA did not induce DNA damage and it was unable to impair memory, locomotion, exploration or motivation in mice. However, higher AMA doses increased DNA damage in brain tissue, produced locomotor disturbances severe enough to preclude testing for learning and memory effects, and induced stereotypy, suggesting neurotoxicity.
A fibre optic catheter for simultaneous measurement of longitudinal and circumferential muscular activity in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Arkwright John W. , Blenman Neil G. , Underhill Ian D. , Maunder Simon A. , Spencer Nicholas J. , Costa Marcello , Brookes Simon J. , Szczesniak Michael M. , Dinning Phil G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDiagnostic catheters based on fibre Bragg gratings (FBG's) are proving to be highly effective for measurement of the muscular activity associated with motility in the human gut. While the primary muscular contractions that generate peristalsis are circumferential in nature, it has long been known that there is also a component of longitudinal contractility present, acting in harmony with the circumferential component to improve the overall efficiency of material movement. We report the detection of longitudinal motion in mammalian intestine using an FBG technique that should be viable for similar detection in humans. The longitudinal sensors have been combined with our previously reported FBG pressure sensing elements to form a composite catheter that allows the relative phase between the two components to be detected. The catheter output has been validated using video mapping in an ex‐vivo rabbit ileum preparation. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Renal macrophage migration and crystal phagocytosis via inflammatory-related gene expression during kidney stone formation and elimination in mice: Detection by association analysis of stone-related gene expression and microstructural observation
Authors: Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro , Fujii Yasuhiro , Niimi Kazuhiro , Hamamoto Shuzo , Hirose Masahito , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Itoh Yasunori , Tozawa Keiichi , Hayashi Yutaro , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Mice have a strong ability to eliminate renal calcium oxalate crystals, and our previous examination indicated a susceptibility in which monocyte-macrophage interaction could participate in the phenomenon. To clarify the macrophage-related factors playing roles in the prevention of crystal formation in mouse kidneys, morphologic and expression studies based on microarray pathway analysis were performed. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were administered 80 mg/kg of glyoxylate by daily intraabdominal injection for 15 days, and the kidneys were extracted every 3 days for DNA microarray analysis. Based on the raw data of microarray analysis, pathway analyses of inflammatory response demonstrated macrophage activation through the increased expression of chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1, fibronectin 1, and major histocompatability (MHC) class II. Association analysis of related gene expression values by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated the high association of chemokine (C-C) ligand 2, CD44, colony-stimulating factor 1, fibronectin 1, matrix gla protein, secreted phosphoprotein 1, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) with the amount of both renal crystals and F4/80, a macrophage marker. Immunohistochemically, interstitial macrophages increased during the experimental course, and CD44 and MHC class II were upregulated around crystal-formation sites. Ultrastructural observation of renal macrophages by transmission electron microscopy indicated interstitial macrophage migration with the phagocytosis of crystals. In conclusion, increased expression of inflammation-related genes of renal tubular cells induced by crystal formation and deposition could induce monocyte-macrophage migration and phagocytosis via the interaction of CD44 with osteopontin and fibronectin. Such crystal-removing ability of macrophages through phagocytosis and digestion might become a new target for the prevention of stone formation. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Correlates of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine: The osteoporotic fractures in men study (MrOS)
Authors: Cauley Jane A , Blackwell Terri , Zmuda Joseph M , Fullman Robin L , Ensrud Kristine E , Stone Katie L , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Orwoll Eric S ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS)
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to examine the correlates of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in 3670 community-dwelling men, mean age 73.6 ± 5.9 years. vBMD was measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and areal BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Demographic, historical, and lifestyle information was obtained by interview, and height, weight, and neuromuscular function were determined by examination. To express the strength of the associations, percent differences (95% confidence interval) were calculated from multivariable linear regression models using the formula 100 (β × unit/mean BMD). Units for continuous variables were chosen to approximate 1 standard deviation (SD). The multivariable linear regression models predicted 15%, 21%, and 20% of the overall variance in trabecular and cortical vBMD of the femoral neck and vBMD of the lumbar spine, respectively. Diabetes was associated with a 16.5% greater trabecular vBMD at the femoral neck and 11% at the lumbar spine but less than 2% for cortical vBMD. For femoral neck trabecular vBMD, the strongest negative correlates were past smoking (−9%), fracture history (−15%), kidney stones (−7%), corticosteroids (−11%), and insulin therapy (−26%). For cortical vBMD, the strongest negative correlate was use of thyroid medication (−2.8%). The strongest negative correlates for lumbar spine trabecular vBMD were fracture history (−5%), antiandrogen use (−19%), height (−8%), and thiazoliainedione use (−22%). Bioavailable estradiol and testosterone levels were positively related and sex hormone–binding globulin was negatively related to trabecular vBMD of the spine. There was no relationship between sex hormones and femoral neck trabecular vBMD. Our conclusion is that correlates of trabecular vBMD and cortical vBMD appear to differ in older men. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Trends in thrombolytic use for ischemic stroke in the United States
Authors: Fang Margaret C. , Cutler David M. , Rosen Allison B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) improves outcomes from ischemic stroke, prior studies have found low rates of administration. Recent guidelines and regulatory agencies have advocated for increased tPA administration in appropriate patients, but it is unclear how many patients actually receive tPA.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether national rates of tPA use for ischemic stroke have increased over time.METHODS:We identified all patients with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke from years 2001 to 2006 in the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), a nationally representative sample of inpatient hospitalizations, and searched for procedure codes for intravenous thrombolytic administration. Clinical and demographic factors were obtained from the survey and multivariable logistic regression used to identify independent predictors associated with thrombolytic use.RESULTS:Among the 22,842 patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke, tPA administration rates increased from 0.87% in 2001 to 2.40% in 2006 (P < 0.001 for trend). Older patients were less likely to receive tPA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.4 [0.3‐0.6] for patients ≥80 years vs. <60 years), as were African American patients (0.4 [0.3‐0.7]). Larger hospitals were more likely to administer tPA (3.3 [2.0‐5.6] in hospitals with at least 300 beds compared to those with 6‐99 beds).CONCLUSIONS:Although tPA administration for ischemic stroke has increased nationally in recent years, the overall rate of use remains very low. Larger hospitals were more likely to administer tPA. Further efforts to improve appropriate administration of tPA should be encouraged, particularly as the acceptable time‐window for using tPA widens. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.