bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Control by Face‐to‐Face Versus Edge‐to‐Face Aromatic Interactions: The Case of C3‐TiIV Amino Trialkolate Sulfoxidation Catalysts
Authors: Santoni Gabriella , Mba Miriam , Bonchio Marcella , Nugent William A. , Zonta Cristiano , Licini Giulia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe stereoselective oxidation of differently functionalised benzyl phenyl sulfides has been examined by using enantiopure TiIV trialkanolamine complexes. These complexes efficiently catalyse the sulfoxidation with good stereoselectivities. The data highlight the contribution to the stereoselectivity of steric effects and non‐covalent π–π interactions between the aromatic rings of the TiIV complex and those pertaining to the substrates. Enantiomeric excesses have been correlated with the electrostatic potential surfaces (EPS) of the reacting sulfides. The overall study leads to a mechanistic interpretation that explains the stereoselectivity of the system and dissects the role of aromatic and steric interactions in the stereoselective process.
Metallocyclo‐ and Polyphosphazenes Containing Gold or Silver: Thermolytic Transformation into Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Jiménez Josefina , Laguna Antonio , Benouazzane Mohamed , Sanz Jose Antonio , Díaz Carlos , Valenzuela María Luisa , Jones Peter G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA cyclotriphosphazene bearing two 4‐oxypyridine groups on the same phosphorus atom, gem‐[N3P3(O2C12H8)2(OC5H4N‐4)2] (I), and its analogous polymer [{NP(O2C12H8)}0.7{NP(OC5H4N‐4)2}0.3]n (II), have been used to prepare gold or silver, cyclic and polymeric, metallophosphazenes. The following complexes, gem‐[N3P3(O2C12H8)2(OC5H4N‐4{ML})2] (ML=Au(C6F5) (1) or Au(C6F5)3 (2)), [N3P3(O2C12H8)2(OC5H4N‐4{AuPPh3})2][NO3]2 (3), and [N3P3(O2C12H8)2(OC5H4N‐4{AgPPh2R})2][SO3CF3]2 (R=Ph (4) or Me (5)) have been obtained. Complexes 1 and 4 are excellent models for the preparation of the analogous polymers [{NP(O2C12H8)}0.7{NP(OC5H4N‐4{ML})2}0.3]n (ML=Au(C6F5) (P1), Ag(OSO2CF3)PPh3 (P2)). All complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, various spectroscopic methods, and mass spectrometry. The polymers were further investigated by thermochemical methods (thermogravimetric analysis) and differential scanning calorimetry. For compounds 1–5 and for the starting phosphazene I, a mixture of different stereoisomers may be expected. The stereochemistry in solution has been studied by variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy studies, which provided evidence for interconversion processes that involve changes in the chirality of a 2,2′‐dioxybiphenyl group. A single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the gold complex 2 confirmed not only the proposed structure, but also S,S and R,R configurations at the two biphenoxy‐substituted phosphorus centers, in contrast to those observed for the precursor I. Pyrolysis of these new metallophosphazenes was also studied. Notably, pyrolysis of the gold derivatives gave macroporous metallic gold sponges without the requirement of either an external reducing agent or a porous support. These materials were all characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.
Interactions between quercetin and Warfarin for albumin binding: A new eye on food/drug interference
Authors: Di Bari Lorenzo , Ripoli Silvia , Pradhan Sanghamitra , Salvadori Piero 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe interaction between quercetin, a popular antioxidant flavonoid, and human serum albumin (HSA) is investigated and characterized by means of induced circular dichroism and saturation transfer difference NMR. These techiques demonstrate the reversible binding of quercetin to the carrier protein, which is responsible for its dissolution in aqueous medium. Competition experiments with two classical probes for HSA binding sites, namely Ibuprofen and Warfarin (a common anticoagulant coumarin), demonstrate that quercetin has a primary binding site located in the subdomain IIA, where coumarins are hosted. The affinity for this site is large and we found that quercetin may effectively displace warfarin from HSA. This may have relevant consequences in rationalizing the interferences of common dietary compounds and food supplements to anticoagulant treatments. Chirality, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ein modifiziertes PAAG‐Verfahren zur sicherheitstechnischen Analyse einer chemischen Anlage
Authors: Marx M. , Kettritz A. , Neumeister M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDas PAAG‐Verfahren zur Gefahrendetektion bei der Auslegung und Modifikation chemischer Anlagen ist seit Langem in der chemischen Industrie etabliert. Primäres Ziel solch einer Analyse ist, eine eventuelle Abweichung vom regulären Prozess aufzuzeigen und weiterführend die Entstehung dieser Gefahr zu verhindern. Die einfache Darstellung der Gegenmaßnahmen bringt erste Erkenntnisse. Zur besseren Umsetzung der Maßnahmen in der Anlage und zu ihrer besseren Organisation wurde eine Modifizierung der Spalte „Gegenmaßnahmen”︁ vorgenommen. Ziel dieser Herangehensweise ist eine detailliertere Betrachtung der Gegenmaßnahmen.
Oxidation von o‐Xylol zur Herstellung von Phthalsäureanhydrid: 2. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Flüssigphasenoxidation
Authors: Fiebig B. , Kuchling Th. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAromatische Carbonsäuren sind wichtige Zwischenprodukte in der Polymerchemie und werden durch die Oxidation entsprechender alkylsubstituierter Aromaten hergestellt. Die industrielle Umsetzung der Oxidation erfolgt in Abhängigkeit vom eingesetzten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoff auf unterschiedlichen Wegen. Der Beitrag berichtet über experimentelle Untersuchungen der homogen katalysierten Oxidation von o‐Xylol zu Phthalsäure und Phthalsäureanhydrid in der Flüssigphase als Alternative zur technisch etablierten Gasphasenoxidation. Mit einem optimierten Katalysatorsystem konnten Produktausbeuten von über 95 Mol‐% erreicht werden. Ausgehend von den experimentellen Ergebnissen wurde ein Reaktionsmechanismus postuliert, der alle nachwei sbaren Produkte umfasst sowie die kinetischen Parameter bestimmt. Dabei sind die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten von der Temperatur, der Katalysatorkonzentration und der Konzentration des aromatischen Eduktes abhängig. Das erstellte Modell ist im Temperaturbereich von 100 °C bis 130 °C und für geringe o‐Xylol‐Konzentrationen gültig und beschreibt die Verläufe für Umsatz und Produktausbeute sehr gut.
Modern systemic chemotherapy in surgically unresectable neoplasms of appendiceal origin
Authors: Shapiro Jamie F. , Chase Judy L. , Wolff Robert A. , Lambert Laura A. , Mansfield Paul F. , Overman Michael J. , Ohinata Aki , Liu Jun , Wang Xuemei , Eng Cathy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Appendiceal neoplasms include tumors ranging from benign‐appearing cells with widespread mucin deposits to aggressive poorly differentiated signet ring cell adenocarcinomas. Traditionally, these tumors are treated with cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. For some patients, cytoreductive surgery is not an option, and minimal published data exist in the management and outcome of these patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the benefit of modern systemic chemotherapy in patients with disseminated appendiceal neoplasm who were not considered optimal candidates for cytoreductive surgery.METHODS:A retrospective review was conducted using The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center tumor registry between January 2000 and July 2005. Response was determined by radiographic response and/or overall clinical benefit.RESULTS:Of 186 patients diagnosed with appendiceal neoplasm, 54 (29%) patients considered to be suboptimal surgical candidates received ≥2 cycles of systemic chemotherapy. Thirty (55.6%) patients had a disease control rate noted as a complete response, partial response, or stable disease. After a median follow‐up of 24 months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were determined to be 7.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4‐11) and 56 months (95% CI, 36‐not applicable), respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Systemic chemotherapy has a role in appendiceal neoplasm patients who are suboptimal candidates for cytoreductive surgery. The intermediate PFS indicates the challenges that exist for appendiceal neoplasm patients in this setting. Prospective randomized trials including systemic chemotherapy are needed to provide further insight into this malignancy, for which no standard exists. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
RIT‐DuPont supra‐threshold color‐tolerance individual color‐difference pair dataset
Authors: Berns Roy S. , Hou Bingxin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe RIT‐DuPont dataset has been used extensively for formula development and testing since its inception during the 1980's, for example, in the development of CIE94 and CIEDE2000. The dataset was published as 156 color‐tolerances, T50, along specific vector directions about 19 color centers. Probit analysis was used to transform judgments of 958 color‐difference pairs by 50 observers to these 156 tolerances. For most statistical significance testing, the number of samples determines the confidence limits. Thus, there was an interest in publishing the individual color‐difference pair visual and colorimetric data to improve the precision of significance testing. From these 958 pairs, 828 pairs had determinable visual differences. The others had either excessive visual uncertainty or had unanimous visual judgments such that visual differences were undefined. In addition, a method was devised to assign visual uncertainty to each of these pairs using the principles of maximum likelihood and the T50 values. Comparisons were made between the T50 and individual color‐difference pair data both including and omitting uncertainty weightings. The weighted dataset was found to be equivalent to the T50 tolerances. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Remote Sensitized Photoisomerization via Through‐Bond Triplet–Triplet Energy Transfer Mediated by a Salt Bridge in a Supramolecular Dyad
Authors: Han Lei , Wei Hengxing , Li Shayu , Chen Jinping , Zeng Yi , Li Ying‐Ying , Han Yongbin , Li Yi , Wang Shuangqing , Yang Guoqiang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA supramolecular dyad, BP‐(amidinium‐carboxylate)‐NBD is constructed, in which benzophenone (BP) and norbornadiene (NBD) are connected via an amidinium‐carboxylate salt bridge. The photophysical and photochemical properties of the assembled BP‐(amidinium‐carboxylate)‐NBD dyad are examined. The phosphorescence of the BP chromophore is efficiently quenched by the NBD group in BP‐(amidinium‐carboxylate)‐NBD via the salt bridge. Time‐resolved spectroscopy measurements indicate that the lifetime of the BP triplet state in BP‐(amidinium‐carboxylate)‐NBD is shortened due to the quenching by the NBD group. Selective excitation of the BP chromophore results in isomerization of the NBD group to quadricyclane (QC). All of these observations suggest that the triplet–triplet energy transfer occurs efficiently in the BP‐(amidinium‐carboxylate)‐NBD salt bridge system. The triplet–triplet energy transfer process proceeds with efficiencies of approximately 0.87, 0.98 and the rate constants 1.8×103 s−1, and 1.3×107 s−1 at 77 K and room temperature, respectively. The mechanism for the triplet–triplet energy transfer is proposed to proceed via a “through‐bond” electron exchange process, and the non‐covalent bonds amidinium‐carboxylate salt bridge can mediate the triplet–triplet energy transfer process effectively for photochemical conversion.
Biological Stimulation of the Human Skin Applying HealthPromoting Light and Plasma Sources
Authors: Awakowicz P. , Bibinov N. , Born M. , Busse B. , Gesche R. , Helmke A. , Kaemling A. , Kolb‐Bachofen V. , Kovacs R. , Kuehn S. , Liebmann J. , Mertens N. , Niemann U. , Oplaender C. , Porteanu H.‐E. , Scherer J. , Suschek C. , Vioel W. , Wandke D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn the frame of BMBF project “BioLiP”, new physical treatment techniques aiming at medical treatment of the human skin have been developed. The acronym BioLiP stands for “Desinfektion, Entkeimung und biologische Stimulation der Haut durch gesundheitsfördernde Licht‐ und Plasmaquellen” (Disinfection, germ reduction and biological stimulation of the human skin by health promoting light and plasma sources). A source applying a low‐temperature dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD) has been investigated on its effectiveness for skin disinfection and stimulation of biological material. Alternatively an atmospheric plasma source consisting of a microwave resonator combined with a solid state power oscillator has been examined. This concept which allows for a compact and efficient design avoiding external microwave power supply and matching units has been optimized with respect to nitrogen monoxide (NO) production in high yields. In both cases various application possibilities in the medical and biological domain are opened up. Light sources in the visible spectral range have been investigated with respect to the proliferation of human cell types. Intensive highly selective blue light sources based on LED technology can slow down proliferation rates without inducing toxic effects which offers new opportunities for treatments of so‐called hyperproliferative skin conditions (e.g. with psoriasis or in wound healing) using UV‐free light. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wendelstein 7‐X: An Alternative Route to a Fusion Reactor
Authors: Wolf R. C. , W7‐X Team  
Published: November 2009

AbstractWith the ITER tokamak magnetic confinement fusion is making the decisive step to realize a burning fusion plasma and prepare the basis for a demonstration power plant (DEMO). Despite the advantages of an intrinsically steady state magnetic field and better stability properties, the development of stellarators lags behind by about 1 1/2 device generations, because of the difficulties to realize the desired magnetic field configuration. The goal of the optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7‐X is to overcome the principal deficiencies of the stellarator concept and demonstrate its reactor capability, combining sufficiently good thermal and fast ion confinement with reactor relevant ß and collisionality under steady state conditions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrative optimization by RBF network and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Kitayama Satoshi , Yasuda Keiichiro , Yamazaki Koetsu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a method for the integrative optimization system. Recently, many methods for global optimization have been proposed. The objective of these methods is to find a global minimum of nonconvex function. However, large numbers of function evaluations are required, in general. We utilize the response surface method to approximate function space to reduce the function evaluations. The response surface method is constructed from sampling points. The RBF Network, which is one of the neural networks, is utilized to approximate the function space. Then Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to the response surface. The proposed system consists of three parts: (Part 1) generation of the sampling points, (Part 2) construction of response surface by RBF Network, (Part 3) optimization by PSO. By iterating these three parts, it is expected that the approximate global minimum of nonconvex function can be obtained with a small number of function evaluations. Through numerical examples, the effectiveness and validity are examined. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(12): 31–42, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10187
Highly reliable operation of red laser diodes for POF data links
Authors: Ohgoh Tsuyoshi , Mukai Atsushi , Mukaiyama Akihiro , Asano Hideki , Hayakawa Toshiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRequirements for laser diodes used in plastic optical fiber (POF) data links include such features as stable operation for more than 100,000 h at 60 °C and 5 mW and transmission speed greater than 1 Gbps. By optimizing crystal growth conditions and device structures, we have successfully fabricated highly reliable laser diodes with 1.25‐Gbps transmission speed. The median lifetime for 5‐mW operation at 60 °C was estimated to be more than 800,000 h. These results indicate that 660‐nm‐band laser diodes are very promising light sources for POF data links. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(12): 13–19, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10194
Evaluation of the reduction in CO2 emissions by applying Micro‐Grid to home energy supply system
Authors: Yamamoto Takaya , Takano Tomihiro , Takuma Yoshiyuki , Inoue Makoto , Arao Gen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDispersed generators such as wind power systems, photovoltaic systems, and cogeneration systems are expected to mitigate the environmental burden of energy consumption, and their installation has been promoted recently. Micro‐Grid is focused on as a method to solve some problems in a commercial electric power line when installing a large number of dispersed generators, and some demonstrative research on Micro‐Grid for large‐scale systems is being carried out now. Also, small cogeneration systems for houses, such as gas engines and fuel cells, are expected to improve CO2 emissions. However, if the power and heat demand of a family are relatively small or are unbalanced, the cogeneration system does not operate effectively. The authors have studied the application of Micro‐Grid for home energy supply, and have developed a control system to solve this problem. The system achieves a reduction of CO2 emissions and energy costs by sharing electric power and heat among some houses with cogeneration systems. This paper presents an outline of the newly developed system, and in particular describes the effect of the reduction in CO2 emissions compared with a conventional energy supply method, and the case in which dispersed generators are installed in some houses and operate independently. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 19–27, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20879
Anti‐windup algorithm with priority to proportional control output of speed PI controller for precision servo system
Authors: Sazawa Masaki , Yamada Takahiro , Ohishi Kiyoshi , Katsura Seiichiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA robust servo system is important for performance improvement of motion control systems in several industry applications. Generally, a high‐speed positioning servo system consists of robust control systems with integrator, such as PI controller. The industrial servo system always has the limitation for the capacity of the actuator and power amplifier.An ordinary industrial position servo system often has to deal with the saturation of motor current and motor speed. It is difficult for the high‐speed positioning servo system to keep the robust position control against the saturation of motor current and motor speed. This is the case because an ordinary position servo system has a complicated control structure with many control loops. Hence, it sometimes has a large overshoot and an oscillated response due to the limitation of motor current and motor speed.In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a new robust high‐speed positioning servo system considering the saturation of torque current and motor speed. The experimental results show that the proposed robust high‐speed positioning servo system has quick and stable position response for the saturation of motor current and motor speed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 57–64, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20904
New structures of vector control systems for permanent magnet synchronous motors with core loss
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates and proposes new system structures for vector control of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with core loss. The proposed vector control systems have the following versatile features. (a) The systems employ the structures allowing control of the stator current through control of the load current. (b) The systems employ unique “stator voltage feedback‐use” structures in order to accomplish simply the load current control. (c) The produced torque is directly related to the load current, and the precise torque control can be attained through the load current control. (d) The relation between produced torque and the load current is nonlinear for salient‐pole PMSMs similar to the case of no core loss, and a variety of the load current commands can be selected from viewpoints of minimum loss and/or wide speed range drives. The system structures add no constraint to the selection of the load current commands. (e) In addition to the torque control, the speed control can be allowed, where linearity between output of the speed controller and produced torque is kept. The validity of versatile features is verified through the numerical experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 28–39, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20910
Activating NK‐cell receptors co‐stimulate CD4+CD28− T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fasth Andreas E. R. , Björkström Niklas K. , Anthoni Minna , Malmberg Karl‐Johan , Malmström Vivianne 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEffector T‐cell responses can be modulated by competing positive or negative signals transduced by NK‐cell receptors (NKR). In the CD4+ T‐cell population, the expression of NKR is primarily found in the CD4+CD28− T‐cell subset, also known as CD28null T cells. These T cells are frequently found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory disorders, suggesting that signaling through NKR may play a role in the autoimmune reaction. Here we aimed to dissect the phenotype and function of NKR‐expressing CD4+CD28− T cells in patients with RA. By analyzing a broad array of NKR on CD4+CD28− T cells we found a significant expression of the co‐activating receptors 2B4 (CD244), DNAM‐1 (CD226), and CRACC. Pair‐wise ligations of 2B4 with DNAM‐1 and/or NKG2D lead to increased effector functions of primary CD4+CD28− T cells to suboptimal levels of anti‐CD3 stimulation. Using multi‐parameter flow cytometry, we demonstrate that such co‐ligation led to an increased magnitude in overall responsiveness without changing qualitative aspects of the response. Altogether these results demonstrate a pattern of additive effects in NKR‐mediated functional modulation of CD4+CD28− T cells in RA. This may have consequences for the inflammatory responses imposed by these cells, thus influencing disease manifestations.
VEGFR2 is selectively expressed by FOXP3high CD4+ Treg
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Onishi Hideya , Wada Junji , Yamasaki Akio , Tanaka Haruo , Nakano Kenji , Morisaki Takashi , Katano Mitsuo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCD25+ FOXP3+CD4+ T cells (Treg) have been considered to play an important role in immune tolerance against several tumor antigens. It has also been indicated that high‐level expression of FOXP3 (FOXP3high) is sufficient to confer suppressive activity to normal non‐Treg. Here, we showed for the first time that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is selectively expressed by FOXP3high but not FOXP3low Treg. Such VEGFR2+ Treg exist in several tissues including PBMC and malignant effusion‐derived lymphocytes. In conclusion, VEGFR2 may be a novel target for controlling Treg with highly suppressive function.