bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of disaster awareness and attitudes toward disasters among emergency and disaster management students at the Somali faculty of health sciences
Authors: Zortuk Ökkeş , Selvi Fatih , Bedel Cihan , Avcı Mustafa , Yıldız Günay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Disasters cause significant material and spiritual destruction within communities, resulting in significant damage to societal structures.

Objective:
This study aims to assess disaster awareness and attitudes toward disasters among emergency and disaster management students.

Materials and Methods:
This study included undergraduate students enrolled in the Department of Emergency and Disaster Management during the 2022–2023 academic year. A total of 85 students participated in this study and were contacted via an online Google form to assess their disaster awareness and attitudes toward disasters. The survey, consisting of a total of 23 items, was designed to assess participants’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics.

Results:
The study included 85 participants studying in the Emergency and Disaster Management department. Females made up 64.7% of the participants. The mean score of the responses given in the cognitive subfactor was 2.69 ± 0.56, the mean score of the responses given in the affective subfactor was 3.13 ± 0.47, and the mean score of the responses given in the behavioral subfactor was 2.67 ± 0.76.

Conclusion:
Having previously experienced a disaster, being male, belonging to a higher socio-economic class, and being older increase the average Disaster Attitude Scale score, and the increase in the average score indicates an increase in disaster awareness.
Management strategy for high inguinal testis in a 9-year-old child: A case report
Authors: Saha Agnik , Hayder Shah Masud , Mudi Sonalina , Halder Pankaj 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The high inguinal undescended testis is a unique clinical entity necessitating additional surgical procedures. Since the testis cannot be implanted in the scrotal sac due to the short testicular artery, transection of the artery (Fowler and Stephens procedure) is a viable alternative. The Fowler and Stephens procedure, either one- or two-stage, has remarkably good success rates, up to 80% for one-stage and 85% for two-stage. We present a 9-year-old child with high inguinal testis who underwent a one-stage open Fowler and Stephens orchiopexy to bring the testis into the scrotum.
Impact of Microplastics on Human Health: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Prathipa R. , Gopalakrishnan Niranjana Karukayil , Chaudhary Aditi , Pappuswamy Manikantan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This comprehensive review explores microplastic (MP) contamination in food and Incorporating nanotechnology into food packaging. It covers origins, pathways, health consequences, and analytical challenges. Microplastics (MPs), which are generation due to the breaking down of plastic garbage, presents significant dangers to both the environment and human health. These small particles, sometimes unseen to the unaided eye, can accumulation in ecosystems, harm wildlife, and even entering food chain, potentially cause health issues for humans who consuming contaminated food or water. Exposure occurs through ingesting MPs in food, notably in processed foods, canned goods, and infant milk powder, raising concerns about breast cancer. Nanotechnology in food packaging enhances characteristics but raises migration risks, introducing substances such as phthalates (PAEs), non-PAEs plasticizers (NPPs), bisphenols (BPs), and metal nanoparticles, posing health risks. Microwavable plastic food containers release both intentionally included substances and inadvertently included substances. Consumer attitudes toward nanotechnology are positive, driven by perceived benefits. Analytical techniques for MP detection, including micro-Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging, face challenges like sample preparation. Multidisciplinary approaches and collaboration are crucial for complex MP analysis in diverse food matrices. The paper discusses MP accumulation in the human body, noting its presence in placentas, bodily fluids, and lower limb joints, raising health questions. Despite challenges in understanding the full health impact, standardized methods and collaboration are urgently needed. This holistic view of MP contamination and nanotechnology in food packaging underscores the necessity of safeguarding food safety and public health against pervasive environmental issues.
Knowledge and Perception of Leprosy Patients toward Self-care Practice in Mangalore, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Joseph Jagan N. , Fernandes Michelle Serene 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves, causing deformities if not treated early. Disability prevention hinges on early diagnosis and poor knowledge of leprosy and its presentation leads to delays in seeking medical care. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of leprosy and its associated self-care practices among patients with leprosy in Mangalore, India.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in the dermatology outpatient department and leper homes in Mangalore. A validated predesigned and structured questionnaire was used to gauge knowledge of leprosy, and based on modified Bloom’s cutoff points, patients were categorized into those having good, moderate, or poor knowledge. Questions regarding their self-care practices were also asked and scored to assess their perception of the same, and the data were analyzed using SPSS.

RESULTS:
A total of 45 leprosy patients participated in this study, out of which 5 (11.1%) of them had “good knowledge,” 19 (42.2%) had “moderate knowledge,” and 21 (46.7%) of them had “poor knowledge” of leprosy. Male gender, young age, and being employed as a “skilled worker” were the groups that showed statistically significantly higher knowledge levels (P < 0.05), and having some secondary schooling was associated with good knowledge and was highly significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
A majority of the patients only had a poor or moderate level of knowledge of leprosy despite being afflicted with leprosy themselves. This needs to be remedied as there are many risks associated with low knowledge such as missing disease progression and poorer compliance to pharmacotherapy.
Comparative Analysis of Microscopic and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Methods for the Detection of Multidrug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Dave Niyam , Singh Shruchi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the current scenario, the rise of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) poses a worldwide challenge. MTB is an acid-fast bacillus that shows varying degrees of mutation among different strains and is especially found to be resistant to two major drugs (antibiotics): rifampicin and isoniazid. Hence, the early diagnosis of multidrug resistance (MDR) is critical to initiate effective therapy against MTB and protect against the community spread of MDR strains. Till now, mainly, two diagnostic methods have been developed for determining pathogen and drug susceptibility/resistance of MTB, namely, phenotypic analysis using microscopic methods like acid-fast bacilli antibiotic culture along with Ziehl–Neelsen staining and molecular methods such as real-time qualitative/quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The key advantages of RT-qPCR over microscopic methods include the rapid detection and specificity of diagnosis. Microscopic methods on the other hand require long culturing times and sometimes lead to false-negative results that would result in improper treatment outcomes and/or the transmission of resistant MTB strain. In contrast, false-positive results can also occur in the molecular analysis due to genetic variations and the presence of a mixed population of susceptible/resistant MTB bacilli in the clinical samples, which may mask the susceptible genes. Consequently, the optimal approach for MDR detection will likely involve both microscopic and molecular methods to identify resistant strains that would facilitate the appropriate management of MDR-MTB by reducing its transmission and infection among the human population. Therefore, RT-qPCR should be accompanied by microscopic methods to improve the sensitivity of tuberculosis diagnosis.
Mapping the global research landscape on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: A visualization and bibliometric study
Authors: Zyoud Sa'ed H , Hegazi Omar E , Alalalmeh Samer O , Shakhshir Muna , Abushamma Faris , Khilfeh Shadi , Al-Jabi Samah W 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver condition that is prevalent worldwide and associated with significant health risks and economic burdens. As it has been linked to insulin resistance (IR), this study aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis and visually represent the scientific literature on IR and NAFLD.
AIM
To map the research landscape to underscore critical areas of focus, influential studies, and future directions of NAFLD and IR.
METHODS
This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of the literature on IR and NAFLD indexed in the SciVerse Scopus database from 1999 to 2022. The search strategy used terms from the literature and medical subject headings, focusing on terms related to IR and NAFLD. VOSviewer software was used to visualize research trends, collaborations, and key thematic areas. The analysis examined publication type, annual research output, contributing countries and institutions, funding agencies, journal impact factors, citation patterns, and highly cited references.
RESULTS
This analysis identified 23124 documents on NAFLD, revealing a significant increase in the number of publications between 1999 and 2022. The search retrieved 715 papers on IR and NAFLD, including 573 (80.14%) articles and 88 (12.31%) reviews. The most productive countries were China (n = 134; 18.74%), the United States (n = 122; 17.06%), Italy (n = 97; 13.57%), and Japan (n = 41; 5.73%). The leading institutions included the Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy (n = 29; 4.06%), and the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy (n = 19; 2.66%). The top funding agencies were the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in the United States (n = 48; 6.71%), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (n = 37; 5.17%). The most active journals in this field were Hepatology (27 publications), the Journal of Hepatology (17 publications), and the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (13 publications). The main research hotspots were “therapeutic approaches for IR and NAFLD” and “inflammatory and high-fat diet impacts on NAFLD”.
CONCLUSION
This is the first bibliometric analysis to examine the relationship between IR and NAFLD. In response to the escalating global health challenge of NAFLD, this research highlights an urgent need for a better understanding of this condition and for the development of intervention strategies. Policymakers need to prioritize and address the increasing prevalence of NAFLD.
In Situ Near Crack Tip pH Measurements to Confirm Alkaline Crack Conditions Causing Crack Arrest in Cathodically Polarized AA5456-H116
Authors: Montiel Gabriella C. , Esmaeely Saba Navabzadeh , Marino Gabriella , Pope Jackson , Free Brandon , Catledge Katrina E. , McAllister Donald , (Warner) Locke Jenifer S. 
Published: June 2024

In situ crack tip pH measurements for corrosion fatigue (CF) cracks in sensitized AA5456-H116 loaded under low loading frequencies show that cathodic polarization can arrest actively growing stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and CF cracks and produce a local alkaline crack tip pH. A method for measuring crack tip pH in situ was developed. For AA5456-H116 under a single level of high sensitization, CF experiments while loading in the Paris regime at a loading frequency of 0.1 Hz were conducted under freely corroding conditions and a cathodic polarization of −1.3 VSCE. Results show that under freely corroding conditions the crack actively grows, and the crack tip pH is slightly acidic, while at −1.3 VSCE an alkaline crack tip develops with a pH of 10 to 12. The findings of this study support the earlier published hypothesis that crack arrest of SCC and low loading frequency CF cracks is due to corrosion-induced blunting after the development of highly alkaline conditions that cause corrosion of the crack tip region blunting and halting the crack.
Peningkatan Literasi Matematis Siswa SMP Melalui Pembelajaran Inovatif Realistik E-Learning
Authors: Rahmi Laila , Hamimi Lia 
Published: June 2024

Masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru saat ini adalah rendahnya literasi matematis siswa pada pembelajaan matematika materi teorema phytagoras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan literasi matematis siswa dengan pembelajaran inovatif realistik e-learning. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan di SMPN 1 Susoh. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah one-group pretest-posttest type pre-experimental design. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII-A yang berjumlah 13 orang. Uji Wilcoxon menggunakan aplikasi software statistik digunakan untuk pengumpulan data. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran inovatif realistik e-learning dapat meningkatkan literasi matematis siswa. Jadi, terdapat pengaruh yang dapat kita lihat terhadap peningkatan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa. Dari hasil penelitian, kami menyarankan pembelajaran inovatif realistik e-learning dapat dijadikan alternative dalam meningkatkan literasi matematis pada proses pembelajaran
A Level 3 monthly gridded ice cloud dataset derived from 12 years of CALIOP measurements
Authors: Winker David , Cai Xia , Vaughan Mark , Garnier Anne , Magill Brian , Avery Melody , Getzewich Brian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Clouds play important roles in weather, climate, and the global water cycle. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) spacecraft has measured global vertical profiles of clouds and aerosols in the Earth’s atmosphere since June 2006. CALIOP provides vertically resolved information on cloud occurrence, thermodynamic phase, and properties. We describe version 1.0 of a monthly gridded ice cloud product derived from over 12 years of global, near-continuous CALIOP measurements. The primary contents are monthly vertically resolved histograms of ice cloud extinction coefficient and ice water content (IWC) retrievals. The CALIOP Level 3 Ice Cloud product is built from the CALIOP Version 4.20 Level 2 5 km Cloud Profile product that, relative to previous versions, features substantial improvements due to more accurate lidar backscatter calibration, better extinction coefficient retrievals, and a temperature-sensitive parameterization of IWC. The gridded ice cloud data are reported as histograms, which provides data users with the flexibility to compare CALIOP’s retrieved ice cloud properties with those from other instruments with different measurement sensitivities or retrieval capabilities. It is also convenient to aggregate monthly histograms for seasonal, annual, or decadal trend and climate analyses. This CALIOP gridded ice cloud product provides a unique characterization of the global and regional vertical distributions of optically thin ice clouds and deep convection cloud tops, and it should provide significant value for cloud research and model evaluation. A DOI has been issued for the product: https://doi.org/10.5067/CALIOP/CALIPSO/L3_ICE_CLOUD-STANDARD-V1-00
(Winker et al., 2018).
Analisis Diglosia Teks Ḥiwār Modern Standard Arabic karya E. Schulz
Authors: Nasikul Mustofa Efendi  , Makhisoh Iis 
Published: June 2024

This research aims to describe an analysis about Diglossia or the difference between Classical Arabic (fuṣḥā) texts and the other dialect in the conversation material or hiwar contained in the MSA book by E. Schulz. This research takes the library research from the qualitative approach as its method. Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)- in current eras- is the literary standard and one of the six official languages of the United Nations. And most printed material by the Arab League—including most books, newspapers, magazines, official documents, and reading primers for small children—is written in Modern Standard Arabic. However, the exigencies of modernity have led to the adoption of numerous terms. Speakers of Modern Standard Arabic do not always observe the intricate rules of Classical Arabic grammar (fuṣḥā). Modern Standard Arabic principally differs from Classical Arabic in three areas: lexicon, stylistics, and certain innovations on the periphery that are not strictly regulated by the classical authorities. The results from this research are (1) The examples of Diglossia founded in the selection of vocabulary as well as from the writing system and the chosen vocabularies; (2) then on grammatical arrangements that deviate far from the standard Arabic grammar which may be due to influences from foreign languages that have been absorbed by some dialects. And (3) The third differences saw in phonology. The differences in the pronunciation of some letters are clearly heard in the audio of the conversation. The impact is that if a student does not know the difference phoneme system it will be difficult for him to identify the word and understand the meaning of the material in the book.
Nostalgia identiteetin rakentajana: Valev Uibopuun pakolaisvuosien kirjeenvaihto
Authors: Hukka Anna 
Published: June 2024

Virolainen kirjailija Valev Uibopuu (1913–1997) eli maanpaossa vuodet 1943–1991. Tältä ajalta häneltä on säilynyt aktiivinen kirjeenvaihto, joka on artikkelin keskeisin tutkimusaineisto. Tutkin, miten nostalgia rakentui ja ilmeni Uibopuun kirjeenvaihdossa sekä miten nostalginen kodin kaipuu toimi osana identiteetin rakennusta. Kirjeiden luennassa on auttanut hermeneuttinen ja empaattinen lähestymistapa.
Pakolaisvirolaisten jakama traumaattinen kodin menetys ohjasi Uibopuun ajatukset jatkuvasti menneeseen, ja Uibopuun kokema nostalgia kytkeytyikin vahvasti nostalgian sananmukaiseen merkitykseen – koti-ikävään. Siihen liittyivät kiinteästi aiemmat eletyt ja koetut paikat ja maisemat – ennen kaikkea lapsuuden kotitalo ja etelävirolainen luonto – sekä niihin liittyvät läheiset ihmiset.
Uibopuu pyrki säilyttämään menetetyn kotinsa mielessään muistelun ja unelmoinnin avulla. Hän keskittyi muistelussaan positiivisiin muistoihin, jolloin lapsuus muuttui ihannoiduksi. Samalla nostalgiseen muisteluun liittyi kuitenkin myös surun ja menetyksen tunteet. Uibopuu tiedosti menetyksen lopullisuuden – menneeseen paluun mahdottomuuden ja muistinsa muokkautumisen ajan kuluessa, ja hänen nostalginen muistelunsa olikin siten reflektiivistä.
Nostalgisessa muistelussa Uibopuu hyödynsi erityisesti kirjeissä rakentuvaa sosiaalista tilaa sekä materiaa, kuten valokuvia ja esineitä, jotka muistuttivat entisestä. Siten hän saattoi säilyttää muistonsa kodista elävinä. Kertomalla, kuka oli ja mistä tuli, hän pystyi käsittelemään erosta johtuvaa traumaa ja pakolaisuuden synnyttämää häirittyä jatkuvuuden tunnetta ja näin edistää tunnetta eheästä identiteetistä.
Asiasanat: nostalgia, kirjeenvaihto, koti, identiteetti, pakolaisvirolaiset
Covering District Heating Demand with Waste Heat from Data Centres
Authors: Jürgens Bjarne , Zipplies Johannes , Sauer Christian , Kusyy Oleg , Orozaliev Janybek , Jordan Ulrike , Vajen Klaus 
Published: June 2024

Currently, the huge potential of data centre waste heat for the decarbonization of the heating sector is often ignored. Here, a feasibility study is presented for covering the heat demand of two districts of Frankfurt (Germany) mainly by data centre waste heat. Contrary to many existing projects, the waste heat shall supply existing buildings, the total heat demand is very high (144 GWh/a) and it should be covered almost exclusively by waste heat usage. In this study, the potential and demand are estimated, a heating supply concept is presented and evaluated regarding costs, heat pump capacity, and storage size. As a result, the utilisation of data centre waste heat is not only possible, but it’s the most promising way for decarbonizing the heating sector in this area. With high-capacity heat pumps (37 MWth), gas boilers (20 MWth) and a storage for daily peaks, 97.5 % of the heat demand can be covered by waste heat usage. It is economically favourable compared to decentralized heat pumps for all types of buildings and with the proposed concept, CO2-emissions in the network area are reduced by 78 % on average. Laws to oblige the waste heat usage of data centres are recommended.
Assessing the current situation and the influencing factors affecting perceived stigma among older patients after leukemia diagnosis
Authors: Tang Xuan , Chen Shuang-Qin , Huang Jiang-Hua , Deng Cai-Feng , Zou Jie-Qiong , Zuo Juan 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Psychological problems are becoming increasingly prominent among older patients with leukemia, with patients potentially facing stigmatization after diagnosis. However, there is limited research on the stigma experienced by these patients and the factors that may contribute to it.
AIM
To investigate the stigma faced by older patients after being diagnosed with leukemia and to analyze the potential influencing factors.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical data obtained from questionnaire surveys, interviews, and the medical records of older patients with leukemia admitted to the Hengyang Medical School from June 2020 to June 2023. The data obtained included participants’ basic demographic information, medical history, leukemia type, family history of leukemia, average monthly family income, pension, and tendency to conceal illness. The Chinese versions of the Social Impact Scale (SIS), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess indicators related to stigma, social support, and mental health status. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to analyze the strength and direction of the relationship between the scores of each scale, and regression analysis to explore the factors related to the stigma of older patients with leukemia after diagnosis.
RESULTS
Data from 120 patients with leukemia aged 65-80 years were analyzed. The total score on the SIS and PSSS was 43.60 ± 4.07 and 37.06 ± 2.87, respectively. The SAS score was 58.35 ± 8.32 and the SDS score was 60.58 ± 5.97. The stigma experienced by older leukemia patients was negatively correlated with social support (r = -0.691, P < 0.05) and positively correlated with anxiety and depression (r = 0.506, 0.382, P < 0.05). Age, education level, smoking status, average monthly family income, pension, and tendency to conceal illness were significantly associated with the participants’ level of stigma (P < 0.05). Age, smoking status, social support, anxiety, and depression were predictive factors of stigmatization among older leukemia patients after diagnosis (all P < 0.05), with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.644 and an adjusted R2 of 0.607.
CONCLUSION
Older patients commonly experience stigmatization after being diagnosed with leukemia. Factors such as age, smoking status, social support, and psychological well-being may influence older patients’ reported experience of stigma.