bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical inactivity as a global risk factor for chronic diseases in women
Authors: Lata Poonam 
Published: July 2011

Social inequality, poverty and inequitable access to resources, including healthcare, result in a high burden of non-communicable diseases among women worldwide. Regular physical activity can improve women's health and help prevent many of the diseases and conditions that are major causes of death and disability for women around the world. Many women suffer from disease processes that are associated with inadequate participation in physical activity.Facts▶Cardiovascular diseases account for one third of the death in women worldwide.▶Diabetes affects more than 70 million women in the world and its prevalence is projected to double by 2025.▶Osteoporosis is most prevalent in post-menopausal women.▶Physical inactivity is more common among women than men.Benefits of physical activity▶Reduces the risk of dying from coronary heart disease and of developing high blood pressure, colon cancer and diabetes.▶Helps maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints.▶Helps control weight, build lean muscle and reduce body fat.▶Helps control joint swelling and pain associated with arthritis.▶May enhance the effect of oestrogen replacement therapy in decreasing bone loss after menopause.▶Reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression and fosters improvement in mood and feelings of well-being.▶Reduces the risk of breast cancer in women.Reasons for physical inactivity in women▶The income of women is often lower than that of men and therefore the costs of access to physical activity facilities may be a barrier.▶Agreement may be required from senior members of the household who control household resources before a woman can engage in physical activity.▶Women often have a workload in the home and care-giving roles for other family members, which may limit the time available for them to engage in physical activity.▶Women who have limited mobility may be unable to travel to health centres or physical activity facilities.▶Cultural expectations may restrict the participation of women in certain forms of physical activity.▶Lack of motivation and lack of awareness of physical education.
Information communication technology as predictor of service delivery system in sport management in Nigeria
Authors: Tunde Morakinyo , Obajimi Gloria Abimbola 
Published: July 2011

The changing world of innovation through information technology provides keeping abreast with the world electronically. Sport managers in Nigeria have not adequately exploited this form, which has brought about the level of uncertainty to athletes and coaches due to information lapses, resulting to haphazard preparations leading to poor performance. Descriptive survey research design of was adopted. One thousand, six hundred and fifty-four respondents (National Sport Federations and athletes) were randomly drawn from six purposive National Federations and their States Associations from each geographical zone in Nigeria. Two research instruments: Sport Information Technology Assessment (r = 0.87) and Sport Management and Service Delivery Assessment (r=0.86) was adapted for this study. Data were analysed using multiple regression.The three variables namely; technical know-how of personnel, training of personnel and provision of IT facilities within sport complexes, accounted for 88% of the total variance in service delivery system in sport management. The variables tested made significance contributions (p< 0.05) in the following order: technical know-how of personnel (β = 0.451, p< 0.05), training of personnel (β=0.330, p<0.05), provision of IT facilities within sport complexes (β= 0.341, p<0.05), and training changes of personnel (β=.370, p<0.05). Information technology plays a vital role for service delivery system in sport management. Training in information for communication technology uses should be the corner stone for excellent and improved performances. Priority attention should focus on providing information equipment at sport complexes as a back-up for use to provide better service delivery.
Effect of cardio-respiratory endurance, anaerobic and yogasana on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels among young men
Authors: Kumar Y Kalyan , Reddy V Jagannatha 
Published: July 2011

ObjectivesThe purpose of the study to find out the effects of medium intensity cardio-respiratory endurance, anaerobic and selected medium intensity yogasana on the selected physiological factors which normally are considered as risk factors in the coronary heart disease, in healthy young males in the age of 18–22 years.MethodologyFifteen subjects were assigned to each of the four groups of experimentation by selecting the students on random basis and who volunteered. The groups were cardiorespiratory endurance group, anaerobic group and yogasana group. The training regimen consisted of clearly laid protocols of exercises for four different groups. For yogasana group, the protocol developed by Swami Shivananda of Rishikesh Ashram was used. Pre-training, resting HDL and LDL cholesterol levels and post-training values were measure and analysis of covariance statistical technique was used to analyse the results.ResultsMedium intensity cardiorespiratory endurance training brought more significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels, though all the three types of protocols brought significant increase in the resting HDL cholesterol. Medium intensity cardiorespiratory endurance training brought more significant reduction in LDL cholesterol levels, though all the three types of protocols brought significant reduction in the resting LDL cholesterol.
Study of selected yoga practices as a remedy for low back pain in Iranian women
Authors: Hassanpour Masoumeh 
Published: July 2011

AimThe purpose of this research was the study of selected yoga practices as a remedy for low back pain.Subjects and methodsThe method of this study was experimental research and the samples were consisted of 30 women who were suffering of low back pain (30–40 aged). Thirty patients were randomised in two groups, experimental group (N=15) and control group (N=15). Experimental group accomplished yoga practices programme for 3 month, 5 days a week (any exercise programme wasn't planned for control group).ResultsThe information was analysed by the use of consequential, descriptive statistics SPSS software. Result showed that doing yoga practices had a significant reduction of low back pain in experimental group.ConclusionDoing 3 month yoga practices had a positive effect on low back pain therefore we can use of yoga practices for low back pain as a remedy.
Effect of pranayama on mental stress and job satisfaction of teachers of Banaras Hindu University
Authors: Yaduvanshi Santosh , Dureha D K , Singh Moradhvaj , Mishra Pooja 
Published: July 2011

IntroductionBreath is life and life is breath. Breath is the key to the mystery of life. A human life is measured from the first to the last breath. Breathing is not only an instinctive relax to satisfy the need of body for oxygen but it has been considered that controlled breathing can be used as a technique for enhancing physical and mental power.BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to find the effect of pranayama on mental stress and job satisfaction of teachers from Banaras Hindu University. Thirty teachers were selected for the study. In this study two separate questionnaires were used for assessing the mental stress and job satisfaction.MethodThe t test was applied to find out the effect of effect of 12 week training of pranayama on mental stress and job satisfaction of teachers from Banaras Hindu University. For testing the difference between the mean gain of initial test and final test the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence.ResultOn the basis of findings, it can be concluded from the study that the pranayama practice among teachers was significantly improved from the 12 week training of pranayama on mental stress and job satisfaction of teachers from Banaras Hindu University.
An eclectic approach towards physical education and schools of philosophy
Authors: Mishra Arvind 
Published: July 2011

Be it education, system or profession each has its own philosophy that gives direction to the policy determination, teaches how to use the acquired skills, knowledge, clarifies the values and beliefs. Physical education also has its own philosophy. In ancient period, the general form of the philosophy of physical education is visible in the social, political and spiritual life of that time and it's special form is visible in the branch of education in which efforts were made to educate both men as well as society.In modern age the philosophy of physical education has broad perspective, from the philosophical point of view the study of sports, education, life, religion and science are united in the physical education. To express the philosophy of physical education all these are used as per requirement. In accordance with the time, condition and place, physical education also has been influenced by different philosophical schools. Consequently, the form of physical education has also been undergoing change. These schools have influenced differently all aspects of physical education, such as: aims, objectives, methods, curricula, teaching, discipline, administration, nature of the schools and organisations, etc.The chief goal of the present study is to highlight the influence of various philosophical schools such as idealism, pragmatism, naturalism and realism, etc their origin, principles, leading thinkers and their influence on physical education as well as their role in the determination of the form, objectives, curriculum, techniques of teaching, administration and discipline, etc. So that more effective schools become known and are utilised for making necessary policies and programmes leading to the development and bright future of physical education. Findings of this study, in short, are that no educational philosophy is complete in itself. Tendency of accumulation of the best of the various philosophies and principles is a specialty of physical education. The eminent educationist Ross has said ‘If the goals of education are taken from the idealism and teaching methods and experimentation from naturalism and pragmatism. It would lead to the creation of the best educational philosophy’. From pre-primary and primary to the highest level we ought to adopt eclectic tendency to determine the educational objectives, curricula and methods, etc then only we can set-up an ideal and effective educational system and to train the citizens having good character and conduct, according to the democratic ideals we can establish a healthy, progressive, secular-society and a prestigious democratic country.
Building the supply of inclusive sport
Authors: Downs Peter 
Published: July 2011

Australia is a large continent divided into eight states and territories with a population of 20 million. Australia also has a strong sport culture and a proud record of international success across a range of sports. The culture and philosophy of ‘give it a go’ lends itself to the notion of inclusion.In 1995 the Australian Sports Commission embarked on establishing a national programme to improve the supply of inclusive sport to the community. A national education programme was established, delivered through a network of partners. Resources were developed, including training courses, manuals, procedures and multi-media tools. By 2005 over 50 000 people had undergone training in inclusive practices within the sport industry.Establishing a national network and delivery system in a country the size of Australia was not without its challenges. This presentation will chart the progress Australia has made in this area and outline its plans to connect the demand for inclusive sport with the supply to increase participation in the long term.
Biker's scapula: an ergonomic implication of biking
Authors: Sharma Shantanu , Prabhu Ram , Aggarwal Mrigank 
Published: July 2011

IntroductionThere are emerging trends of designing motor bikes with sporty looks. These bikes are especially popular among youth due to the speed that it can gain. There are bikers who complain of pain after biking for long distances. This is generally a case with heavy, non-cruiser bikes. The purpose of this poster is to depict the biomechanical and ergonomical basis of this pain felt at the superior angle of the scapula along with the diagnosis and treatment. Description: (1) Pain: the pain (dull and aching type) occurs at the superior angle of the scapula. After driving a bike, the pain stops but the soreness remains for 4–5 days. Any activity involving shrugging brought on the pain. (2) Biomechanics and Ergonomics: to streamline the body according to the speed of the bike, the biker pokes his chin, shrugs his shoulder and flexes his elbow. In this position, levator scapulae muscle is been used to shrug the shoulder as well as to maintain the position of the scapula. As this position is dynamic, the position keeps the levator scapulae in a contracted phase for prolonged period which may lead to repetitive stresses and microtrauma at the insertion of levator scapulae and start causing pain. (3) Diagnosis: eight patients were identified and this type of pathology is suspected wherein superior angle of scapula is tender and resisted shoulder shrugging is painful at the same area. However, scapular mobility and arm movements are normal. (4) Treatment: ultrasound therapy is definitely effective in relieving symptoms in two to three sittings after which resisted shrugging is given with mild resistance. However, it was seen that the pain recurs after a week or so if the long distance biking continues. (5) Prevention: To avoid this, bikers must take care of their posture while riding as well as proper selection of bike. It is also advised to use cruiser bikes for long distances.ConclusionIn future, the cases with the similar history must be properly assessed and documented so that the further research can be carried out on the causes, permanent treatment and the other ways to prevent it.
Spinal injury in sports
Authors: Mishra R C 
Published: July 2011

Nowadays, the scene of sports has changed as it involves not only money but prestige for self and country. Hence, sports has become aggressive. Any sport which involves movement and momentum can cause spinal injury, like football, water sports, wrestling, rugby, transpoling and ice hockey.Spinal injury can be simple to serious leading to paralysis or death.The team physician should:Identify the injuryStabilise the athleteTransport the athlete to a proper centre.Above all, the team physician should be able to explain the prevention of spinal injury.
The effect of aerobic training on selected variables in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Baharlouei Karim 
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of aerobic training on selected variables in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The method of this study was experimental research. The sample consisted of 22 subjects (11 males, 11 females), mean age and SE, 56.21 years, randomised to a 4-month ET programme. Training consisted of 45–60 min aerobic exercises (60–80% heart rate reserve) three times a week. Blood glucose, BF%, TG, BPs, BPd, HR rest levels and VO2max level were obtained before and after a 4-month training period. Results at p<0.05 significance showed the following results: the fasting blood glucose after 4 months training period did not change (p>0.05), but the BF%, TG, BPs, BPd and HR rest levels decreased and VO2max level increased.Conclusion4 months of regular physical activity had a positive effect on some physiological factors (BF%, TG, BPs, BPd, HR of rest and VO2max) but no effect on other factors such as fasting blood glucose.
Running training on different surfaces have different effects on performance
Authors: Karve Rajkumar , Tiwari Pratap Singh 
Published: July 2011

IntroductionThe surfaces on which athletes run can play a large role in determining how well they perform. Calf circumference increased significantly in sand runners. Both treatment groups showed a similar significant increase in vertical jump. The 12-min run/walk was significantly increased in sand runners. This study shows that a 6-week sand running programme may result in the most physiological and performance changes in young men.Sample120 PU college athletes from different colleges of Gulbarga District were selected as subjects by random sampling method and divided into four equal groups of 30 athletes in each group: Ex. Group I running training on sand, Ex. Group II running training on red mud track, Group III running training on cinder track and Group IV served as control group.ObjectivesTo study the effect of different running surfaces training on the performance of athletes. To assess the effect of training on different running surfaces on the calf and thigh circumference of athletes. To analyse the differences in the performance of 12 min run and walk test and vertical jump test of three different experimental groups and control group.MethodologyBefore the training on different running surfaces, the performances of 12 min run and walk test and vertical jump and also calf and thigh circumference of each athlete is measured as pre-test results. Eight weeks training programme on different surfaces is conducted to all the three groups simultaneously and no training was given to control group. After the training the calf and thigh circumference of each athlete is measured as post-test results, further vertical jump test is administered and also Cooper's 12 min run and walk test is conducted on the cinder track.ConclusionsThere is a significant effect of running training on different surfaces on the performances of three groups. There is a significant effect of running training on different surfaces on the performance of Group III (running training on sand) as compared to other two groups. Calf and thigh circumference increased significantly in sand runners. Both treatment groups showed a similar significant increase in vertical jump. The 12-min run/walk was significantly increased in sand runners. This kind of basic intervention training programme (ie, training on different running surfaces) would help to find a marathon runner.
Effect of 10 week progressive resistance training on serum leptin and adiponectin concentration in obese men
Authors: Atashak Sirvan , Mohammad Ghaderi , Faeze Sohrabi 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundAdiponectin and leptin are closely related to weight control and energy balance, whereas exercise training has beneficial effects in obese men. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of 10 weeks of progressive resistance training on serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations in obese men.MethodsSixteen obese men (BMI≥ 30, 18–32 years) in a randomised controlled design were divided into two equal groups (exercise (n=8) and control (n=8) groups). The experimental subjects received resistance training programme. Progressive resistance training was performed three times a week on alternate days for 10 weeks and included seven exercises. At baseline and after 10 weeks, blood samples were taken in fasting state from all subjects and leptin and adiponectin determined by an ELISA technique that was commercially available. The one-way analysis of variance was used in the statistical analysis.ResultsCompared to pre-training, the leptin levels decreased (p<0.05) and the adiponectin levels increased (p<0.05) significantly after 10 weeks of progressive resistance exercise in the trained subjects, while it remained unchanged in control subjects (p>0.05).ConclusionsTherefore, according to this results it can be suggested that progressive resistance training for 10 weeks has been an effective therapeutic devise to favourable changes in leptin and adiponectin concentration in obese men.
Mortality and associated risk factors in consecutive patients admitted to a UK NHS trust with community acquired bacteraemia
Authors: Hounsom Luke , Grayson Kate , Melzer Mark 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Within the UK, there is lack of contemporary data on clinical outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with severe community acquired infection. The purpose of this study was to determine outcomes and risk factors associated with mortality in consecutive patients admitted to a UK NHS trust with community acquired infections that cause bacteraemia.

Methods
From September 2007 to August 2008, demographic, clinical and microbiological data were collected on patients with laboratory confirmed bacteraemia. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between predicted variables and likelihood of death.

Results
686 bacteraemic episodes occurred in 681 patients. The most common sites of infection were non-catheter associated urinary tract infections (140, 20.4%) and biliary tract infections (62, 9.1%). The most common organisms were Escherichia coli (238, 34.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (84, 12.2%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (40, 5.8%). Of the E coli infections, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers accounted for 21/238 (8.8%), and of the S aureus infections, methicillin resistant S aureus (MRSA) accounted for 14/84 (16.7%). 124 (18.2%, 95% CI 15.3% to 21.1%) people died within 7 days and 170 (25.0%, 95% CI 21.7% to 28.2%) within 30 days. Age (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.06), Charlson comorbidity index (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.34), and Pitt score (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.67) were highly significantly associated with 30 day mortality (p&lt;0.001). Delay in appropriate antibiotic treatment (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.75) and an undefined site of infection (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.53) were less significantly associated with 30 day mortality (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
The 30 day mortality rate in consecutive patients with community acquired bacteraemic infection was 25.0%. These figures could be used as performance indicators to compare outcomes in different UK NHS trusts. With the exception of delay in appropriate antibiotic treatment, predictors of mortality at 30 days were non-modifiable.
International disease monitoring, April to June 2011
Authors: Roberts H. , Lopez M. , Hartley M. 
Published: July 2011

African swine fever spreads to a new region in west Russia
Classical swine fever in Lithuania possibly introduced by livestock vehicles
Highly pathogenic avian influenza causing problems in South African ostriches
Low pathogenic avian influenza reported across Germany, transmitted by silent spread
Dourine reported in Italy for the first time in over 10 years
These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for April to June 2011, prepared by Defra's Food and Farming Group, Veterinary Science Team