bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW SPECIES OF NEUROCORDULIA (ODONATA: ANISOPTERA: CORDULIIDAE) FROM EASTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Brunelle Paul-Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe new species Neurocordulia michaelisp.nov. from New Brunswick and Maine differs from other northeastern species in the genus in its short mesotibial keel and from all congeners in the great width of its abdomen. The species is obligate crepuscular and can be locally abundant at its riverine habitat. Larvae of the species have the lowest dorsal spines in the genus and cling to the underside of rocks in rapids.
FIVE GENERA OF NEW-WORLD “SHOVEL-HEADED” AND “SPOON-BILL” LEAFHOPPERS (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE: DORYCEPHALINI AND HECALINI)
Authors: Hamilton K.G.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNew-world leafhoppers with strongly flattened heads are here assigned to three tribes: Deltocephalini (six genera), Dorycephalini (two genera), and Hecalini (seven genera). Revised keys are presented to the new-world genera, and 44 new-world species of the Nearctic generaAttenuipygaOman (Dorycephalini) andNeohecalusLinnavuori, the Holarctic generaHecalusStål andMemnoniaBall, and the widespread new-world genusSpangbergiellaSignoret (Hecalini). In Dorycephalini,Attenuipyga(with subgenusDorycaraEmeljanov,stat.nov.) has nine species, includingAttenuipyga(s.s.)joyceaesp.nov. from Manitoba andDorycephalus sinuatusBeamer, 1942b=Dorycephalus minorOsborn, 1920,syn.nov. In Hecalini, 10 species inHecalus, 3 inNeohecalus, and 15 inMemnoniaare recognized, including 20 species formerly inParabolocratusFieber, plusHecalus finnamoreisp.nov.,Neohecalus magnificussp.nov.,Memnonia anthalopussp.nov.,Memnonia maiasp.nov., andMemnonia panzerisp.nov. from the northern prairies andMemnonia leptaleasp.nov. from the Gulf states.Parabolocratus continuusDeLong, 1938 andParabolocratus planusShaw, 1932 are reduced to subspecific status inHecalus montanus, and three names are synonymized:Parabolocratus inflatusDeLong, 1938 =Hecalus montanus(Ball, 1900);Parabolocratus rotundusDeLong, 1938 =Hecalus major(Osborn, 1915); andParabolocratus elongatusDeLong, 1938 =Memnonia grandis(Shaw, 1932)syn.nov.
TROPHIC INTERACTION BETWEEN SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) AND SPRING WHEAT: IMPLICATIONS FOR YIELD AND SEED QUALITY
Authors: Lamb R.J. , Tucker J.R. , Wise I.L. , Smith M.A.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarvae of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), feed on developing seeds of common and durum wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum L. (Graminae). The trophic relationships between insect and plant were quantified as biomass gains or losses using plants infested artificially in the laboratory and naturally in plots and commercial fields. The biomass of seeds from different parts of a wheat spike varied, but seeds in all parts of a spike were infested, independently of their potential biomass. Most infested seeds had 1–3 larvae, but at least 11 larvae could mature on a single seed without reducing larval biomass. When larvae finished feeding and seeds attained about one third of their biomass, specific impact varied from 4.1 to 8.5 mg of seed biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by a larva, with the impact declining as the number of larvae per seed increased. Specific impact rose to 100 mg/mg as seeds of T. aestivum and a primitive wheat, Triticum monococcum L., matured, and higher still for T. durum. Wheat plants did not compensate for wheat midge damage, and no indirect damage to uninfested seeds was detected. The distribution of biomass for infested seeds was bimodal, with over 40% less than 8 mg when hand harvested, whereas infested seeds harvested mechanically had a unimodal distribution, with nearly all of the most severely damaged seeds removed during harvest. A visual rating system of six damage categories was related to the biomass of the seeds. The germination and early growth rate of infested seeds were reduced compared with those of uninfested seeds. Based on the biomass relationships for the insect–plant interaction and the visual rating of damage, high-protein number 1 grade common and durum wheat and number 1 grade durum wheat can tolerate up to 6% of the seeds being infested by larvae, before downgrading is likely. For other grades, the economic threshold is 10% of the seeds infested, based on yield loss. Seed growers can adopt the threshold for number 1 wheat (6% infestation) to prevent downgrading, which would also reduce the effects of infestation on seed germination to an acceptable level.
Resistance against Pissodes strobi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in severed leaders and in a water-soluble bark extract of Picea sitchensis (Pinaceae): evidence for a post-ingestive mode of action
Authors: Sahota T.S. , Manville J.F. , Hollmann J. , Leal I. , Ibaraki A. , White E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe levels of ovarian growth and transcription of the vitellogenin gene were compared in Pissodes strobi Peck (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) feeding on severed leaders from susceptible and resistant Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr (Pinaceae) and in weevils given a dose of an aqueous extract from the bark of such leaders. A force-feeding method was developed to deliver the extracts into the alimentary canal of the weevils. Weevils given one dose of the aqueous extract from resistant leaders, followed by feeding on sections of laterals from susceptible trees, exhibited a 60% inhibition of oocyte growth relative to insects given the extract from susceptible leaders. In similar experiments, transcription of the vitellogenin gene of the weevils was inhibited by about 48%. Transcription of the vitellogenin gene was reduced by about 60% in weevils feeding on the severed leaders from the resistant clone relative to those feeding on severed leaders from susceptible trees. Results indicate that these effects of resistance do not require an intact tree. Experiments using extracts show that the observed effects result from a post-ingestive effect of the extract.
Immature stages of the gallerDiplolepis triforma(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with comments on the role of its prepupa
Authors: Shorthouse Joseph D. , Leggo Jonathan J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSections of stem galls induced byDiplolepis triformaShorthouse and Ritchie obtained by plant histological techniques were used to examine anatomical features of immature stages of the insect foundin situ. First-instar larvae feed over the entire surface of larval chambers, whereas maturing larvae feed only at one end of the chambers. Last-instar larvae undergo two phases of development: feeding occurs in the first phase, whereas in the second, or prepupal phase, feeding has ceased, the mid- and hind-guts become joined, contents of the gut are voided, and compound eyes, gonads, and internal ovipositional apparatus begin to differentiate. The prepupal phase also consists of two phases: the first occurs in the fall and winter, and the second occurs in the spring prior to pupation. The spring phase exhibits external adult features within the integument of the last-instar and moults to the pupa. Sections of some maturing larvae contained endoparasitoid larvae of the genusOrthopelmaTaschenberg (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).
Novel Enantioselective Sequentially Rhodium(I)/BINAP‐ Catalyzed Cycloisomerization–Hydrogenation–Isomerization– Acetalization (CIHIA)
Authors: Körber Nadine , Rominger Frank , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLinear, easily accessible alkyl and (hetero)aryl‐substituted alkynyl allyl alcohols are readily and enantioselectively transformed into 2,7‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes by a sequential rhodium‐catalyzed process. Based on the initial cycloisomerization, the in situ generated rhodium(I)‐BINAP complex enables a subsequent reduction with hydrogen and the transformation into bicyclic frameworks.
7,8‐Dihydro‐4H‐cyclohepta[b]furan (thiophene) skeleton from furyl (thiophene)‐derived tertiary allylic alcohols
Authors: Kula Jozef , Balawejder Maciej , Bonikowski Radoslaw , Sikora Magdalena 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image 2,6‐Dimethyl‐7,8‐dihydro‐4H‐cyclohepta[b]furan and 2,6‐dimethyl‐7,8‐dihydro‐4H‐cyclohepta[b]thiophene were prepared by direct cyclization of 3‐methyl‐5‐(5‐methylfuran‐2‐yl)‐pent‐1‐en‐3‐ol and 3‐methyl‐5‐(5‐methyltiophen‐2‐yl)‐pent‐1‐en‐3‐ol, respectively. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Solvent‐free route to β‐enamino dichloromethyl ketones and application in the synthesis of novel 5‐dichloromethyl‐1H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Martins Marcos A. P. , Peres Rodrigo L. , Frizzo Clarissa P. , Scapin Elisandra , Moreira Dayse N. , Fiss Gabriela F. , Zanatta Nilo , Bonacorso Helio G. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image An efficient procedure to prepare a series of five 4‐amino‐1,1‐dichloro‐3‐penten‐2‐ones [CHCl2C(O)CHC(Me)NR1R2, where R1/R2 = H/Ph, H/Bn, H/CH2CH2OH, (CH2)4,(CH2)2O(CH2)2] from the solvent‐free reaction of 1,1‐dichloro‐4‐methoxy‐3‐penten‐2‐one with primary and secondary amines is reported. 1,1‐Dichloro‐4‐methoxy‐3‐penten‐2‐one was reacted with hydrazine hydrochloride, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and semicarbazide hydrochloride to obtain 5‐dichloromethyl‐3‐methylpyrazoles. Aminoguanidine hydrochloride and 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride were also reacted with 1,1‐dichloro‐4‐methoxy‐3‐penten‐2‐one to obtain 5‐dichloromethyl‐3‐methylpyrazoline and 5‐dichloromethyl‐1,2,3‐trimethyl pyrazolium chloride, respectively. All cyclocondensation reactions were performed in one‐pot procedures. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
A new and efficient approach to the synthesis of nicotine and anabasine analogues
Authors: Huang Kun , Ortiz‐Marciales Margarita , De Jesús Melvin , Stepanenko Viatcheslav 
Published: November 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA straightforward and practical approach was established for the synthesis of nicotine and anabasine analogues by the cyclization of mesylated 1‐(3‐pyridinyl)‐1,4, and 1,5‐diol derivatives to form the pyrrolidino or piperidino fragments. Nicotine analogue (S)‐15was prepared with good enantioselectivity using the developed azacyclization procedure of nonracemic (R)‐1‐pyridin‐3‐yl‐butane‐1,4‐diol, which was obtained by the borane‐mediated reduction of ketone12in the presence of the spiroborate ester derived from diphenyl prolinol and ethylene glycol. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Synthesis of 4‐substituted 2‐(4‐methylpiperazino)pyrimidines and quinazoline analogs as serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor ligands
Authors: Saczewski Jaroslaw , Paluchowska Aldona , Klenc Jeffrey , Raux Elizabeth , Barnes Samuel , Sullivan Shannon , Duszynska Beata , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Strekowski Lucjan 
Published: November 2009

Abstractmagnified image The addition reaction of lithium reagents to the 4 position of 2‐chloropyrimidine or 2‐chloroquinazoline followed by oxidation of the resultant dihydro intermediate product is a powerful tool for the synthesis of 4‐substituted 2‐chloropyrimidines or 2‐chloroquinazolines. 4‐Vinyl derivatives undergo a conjugate nucleophilic addition across the vinyl group. A nucleophilic displacement of chloride in 4‐substituted 2‐chloropyrimidines or 2‐chloroquinazolines by treatment with 4‐methylpiperazine provides compounds that are antagonists of the serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
An efficient, three‐component synthesis of spiro[benzo[g]chromene‐4,3′‐indoline]‐3‐carbonitrile and spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine]‐6′‐carbonitrile derivatives
Authors: Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Amanpour Tayebeh , Bazgir Ayoob 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image Spiro[benzo[g]chromene‐4,3′‐indoline]‐3‐carbonitriles and spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine]‐6′‐carbonitriles were synthesized via a three‐component reaction of isatins, 2‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione or 2‐methylpyrimidine‐4,6‐diol, and malononitrile in aqueous media. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Three‐component one‐pot synthesis of pyrimidinone derivatives in fluorous media: Ytterbium bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)imide complex catalyzed Biginelli‐type reaction
Authors: Hong Mei , Cai Chun 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image The condensation of aromatic aldehyde, cyclopentanone, and urea or thiourea in the presence of Ytterbium bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)imide complex in perfluorodecalin was used to synthesize a variety of benzylidene heterobicyclic pyrimidinones in excellent yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel pyridine and pyrazine derivatives obtained from amidoximes
Authors: Gobis Katarzyna , Foks Henryk , Kędzia Anna , Wierzbowska Maria , Zwolska Zofia 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image The new pyridine, 4‐pyridine N‐oxide and pyrazine derivatives exhibiting an antibacterial activity have been synthesized. Amidoximes were transformed into N‐hydroxyimidoyl chlorides and then into appropriate oximes. Upon treatment of pyridinecaboxamidoximes with methyl iodide 1‐methylpyridynium iodides were formed. Reaction of amidoximes with various carbamoyl chlorides led to corresponding 5‐aminocarbonyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles. Some of carboxamides have undergone thermal decarboxylation to tertiary amines. The newly synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their tuberculostatic activity. MIC of the most active compound 9 was 12.5 μg/mL for H37Rv strain. Their activity towards 25 strains of anaerobic and 25 strains of aerobic bacteria was also studied. Derivative 18 was active against both aerobic and anaerobic types of the bacteria. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
The arylimines of 2,4‐dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carbaldehyde: Synthesis and their application in 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Osyda Dominika , Motyka Radosław , Walczak Krzysztof Z. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image A number of aldimines have been obtained in very good yield in reaction of 5‐formyl‐1,3‐dimethyluracil with various substituted anilines in boiling methanol. Selected aldimines were treated with nitrile oxides generated from 4‐chlorobenzaldoxime or 4‐methylbenzaldoxime forming the appropriate 1,3‐cycloadducts in moderate yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Cadmium–carbon wavenumber analysis using B3LYP level theory calculations in investigations of dimethylcadmium decomposition
Authors: Kim Young Seok , Won Yong Sun , Omenetto Nicoló , Anderson Timothy J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractComputational chemistry has been widely used to understand homogeneous reactions and to support spectroscopy analysis. Thus, it is a useful tool to understand gas‐phase dynamics of metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In this study, we report that the basis set selection possibly results in unequivocal peak assignment in Raman spectroscopy, especially when an effective core potential (ECP) is employed. The basis set selection for the decompositionof dimethylcadmium (DMCd), for example, was examined using five different ECPs (i.e. CRENBS, CRENBL, SDD, LanL2DZ and SBKJC for Cd atom combined with STO‐3G, 3‐21G, 6‐31G(d), 6‐311G(d) and 6‐311++G(2d,2p) for C and H atoms). The analyses demonstrated that the SDD/STO‐3G/3‐21G combination for Cd/C/H atoms best reproduce the experimentally reported CdC vibrational stretching modes of Cd(CH3)2 (DMCd) and •CdCH3 (MMCd). Although the SDD/STO‐3G/3‐21G combination consists of simple and basic basis sets, we found that a good potential balance between metal (Cd) and auxiliary (C) atoms is essential to estimate frequencies suitable for spectroscopy analysis computationally. The same combination of basis set was then used to examine other possible reaction steps, and Raman experiments successfully detected one of the suggested intermediates of (CdCH3)2. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Method to Fabricate Silicon Nanowire p–n Junctions by a Combination of Ion Implantation and in-situ Doping
Authors: Kanungo PratyushDas , Kögler Reinhard , Werner Peter , Gösele Ulrich , Skorupa Wolfgang 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We demonstrate a novel method to fabricate an axial p–n junction inside <111> oriented short vertical silicon nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy by combining ion implantation with in-situ doping. The lower halves of the nanowires were doped in-situ with boron (concentration ~1018cm−3), while the upper halves were doubly implanted with phosphorus to yield a uniform concentration of 2 × 1019 cm−3. Electrical measurements of individually contacted nanowires showed excellent diode characteristics and ideality factors close to 2. We think that this value of ideality factors arises out of a high rate of carrier recombination through surface states in the native oxide covering the nanowires.
Impact of Saturated, Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid‐Rich Micelles on Lipoprotein Synthesis and Secretion in Caco‐2 Cells
Authors: Jackson Kim G. , Bateman Paul A. , Yaqoob Parveen , Williams Christine M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMeal fatty acids have been shown to modulate the size and composition of triacylglycerol (TAG)‐rich lipoproteins influencing the magnitude and duration of the postprandial plasma TAG response. As a result there is considerable interest in the origin of these meal fatty‐acid induced differences in particle composition. Caco‐2 cells were incubated over 4 days with fatty acid mixtures resembling the composition of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐rich meals fed in a previous postprandial study to determine their impact on lipoprotein synthesis and secretion. The MUFA‐ and PUFA‐rich mixtures supported greater intracellular TAG, but not cholesterol accumulation compared with the SFA‐rich mixture (P < 0.001). The MUFA‐rich mixture promoted significantly greater TAG and cholesterol secretion than the other mixtures and significantly more apolipoprotein B‐100 secretion than the PUFA‐rich mixture (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy revealed the SFA‐rich mixture had led to unfavourable effects on cellular morphology, compared with the unsaturated fatty acid‐rich mixtures. Our findings suggest the MUFA‐rich mixture, may support the formation of a greater number of TAG‐rich lipoproteins, which is consistent with indirect observations from our human study. Our electron micrographs are suggestive that some endocytotic uptake of MUFA‐rich taurocholate micelles may promote greater lipoprotein synthesis and secretion in Caco‐2 cells.
Long‐term depression of pain‐related cerebral activation in healthy man: An fMRI study
Authors: Rottmann Silke , Jung Kerstin , Vohn René , Ellrich Jens 
Published: November 2009

AbstractElectrical low‐frequency stimulation (LFS) of cutaneous afferents reliably induces long‐term depression (LTD) of nociception and pain in man. In this study LFS effects on cerebral activation were investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).In 17 healthy volunteers, nociceptive fibers of right hand dorsum were electrically stimulated via a concentric electrode. Test stimulation sessions consisted of three alternating stimulation periods and rest periods. They were performed before (Pre) and after (Post) conditioning LFS (1200 stimuli, 1 Hz) or 20 min break (Control). Volunteers rated sensory and affective pain perception.Before LFS, test stimulation produced activation in bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortex (S1, S2), insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), superior temporal cortex (STG), prefrontal cortex and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL). After LFS, exclusively right IPL was activated. Contrast between Pre and Post LFS indicated significant activity decrease in bilateral S1, S2, and ACC and right insula, IPL, and STG. Pre Control and Pre LFS were not different. Activity in Control experiments remained unchanged. Sensory and affective pain rating solely decreased after LFS. Subsequent regression analysis showed significant correlation between pain relief and increased activity after LFS in ACC, anterior insula, striatum, frontal and temporal cortex.The study revealed LTD of pain‐related cerebral activation, involving sensory, affective, cognitive, and attentional processes. Positive correlation between pain relief and increased brain activation after LFS may indicate involvement of endogenous pain control mechanisms in LTD. These experiments may help to judge the potency of LTD for future chronic pain treatment.
Cerebral blood flow in ischemic vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, measured by arterial spin‐labeling magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Schuff Norbert , Matsumoto Shinji , Kmiecik Joseph , Studholme Colin , Du Antao , Ezekiel Frank , Miller Bruce L. , Kramer Joel H. , Jagust William J. , Chui Helen C. , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundOur objectives were to compare the effects of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) on cerebral blood flow (CBF), and then to analyze the relationship between CBF and subcortical vascular disease, measured as volume of white‐matter lesions (WMLs).MethodsEight mildly demented patients with SIVD (mean ± SD; aged 77 ± 8 years; Mini‐Mental State Examination score 26 ± 3 years) and 14 patients with AD were compared with 18 cognitively normal elderly subjects. All subjects had CBF measured using arterial spin‐labeling magnetic resonance imaging, and brain volumes were assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsAD and SIVD showed marked CBF reductions in the frontal (P = 0.001) and parietal (P = 0.001) cortices. In SIVD, increased subcortical WMLs were associated with reduced CBF in the frontal cortex (P = 0.04), in addition to cortical atrophy (frontal, P = 0.05; parietal, P = 0.03).ConclusionsSubcortical vascular disease is associated with reduced CBF in the cortex, irrespective of brain atrophy.
Cognitive performance and informant reports in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia in African Americans and whites
Authors: Potter Guy G. , Plassman Brenda L. , Burke James R. , Kabeto Mohammed U. , Langa Kenneth M. , Llewellyn David J. , Rogers Mary A.M. , Steffens David C. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundThe diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia must reflect an increasingly diverse and aging United States population. This study compared direct testing and informant reports of cognition with clinical diagnoses of cognitive impairment and dementia between African Americans and whites.MethodsParticipants in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study completed in‐person dementia evaluations, and were assigned clinical diagnoses (by a consensus panel of dementia experts) of normal; cognitive impairment, not demented (CIND); and dementia. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) total score and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) were used to assess cognitive performance and reported cognitive decline.ResultsA higher CERAD total score was associated with lower odds of CIND and dementia, at comparable ratios between African Americans and whites. Higher IQCODE scores were associated with increased odds of dementia in both African Americans and whites. Higher IQCODE scores were associated with increased odds of CIND among whites, but not among African Americans.ConclusionsCultural differences may influence informant reports of prevalent CIND and dementia. Our findings also highlight the need for more comparative research to establish the cultural validity of measures used to diagnose these conditions.