bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of grape seed extract and its ethylacetate/ethanol fraction on blood glucose levels in a model of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hwang In Koo , Kim Dae Won , Park Jun Hong , Lim Soon Sung , Yoo Ki‐Yeon , Kwon Dae Young , Kim Dong‐Woo , Moon Won‐Kook , Won Moo‐Ho 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe present study observed the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and its ethylacetate (E) and ethylacetate/ethanol (EE) fractions on blood glucose levels in C57BL/KsJ‐leprdb/leprdb (db/db) mice at 4–12 weeks of age. In the GSE‐ and EE fraction‐treated db/db group, the blood glucose concentration began to be lower than that in the vehicle‐treated db/db group at 6 weeks after treatment, while the blood glucose concentration in the E fraction‐treated db/db group was similar to that in the vehicle‐treated db/db group. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in the vehicle‐treated db/db groups was 9.3%, whereas HbA1c levels in the GSE‐ and EE fraction‐treated db/db group decreased significantly to 5.7% and 6.1%, respectively, at 8 weeks after treatment. However, administration of GSE and its EE fraction did not show any significant effects on body weights and food consumption in db/db mice. These results suggest that GSE and its EE fraction have a potential to decrease the blood glucose and HbA1c level, which is applicable to good healthy foods for reducing blood glucose levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile composition of Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC leaves using solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: de Pinho Paula Guedes , Valentão Patrícia , Gonçalves Rui F. , Sousa Carla , Andrade Paula B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractVolatile and semi‐volatile components of internal and external leaves of Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC, grown under different fertilization regimens, were determined by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) combined with gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS). Forty‐one volatiles and non‐volatile components were formally identified and thirty others were tentatively identified. Qualitative and quantitative differences were noticed between internal and external leaves. In general, internal leaves exhibited more aldehydes and sulfur volatile compounds than external ones, and less ketone, terpenes and norisoprenoid compounds. The fertilization regimens influenced considerably the volatile profile. Fertilizations with higher levels of sulfur produced Brassica leaves with more sulfur volatiles. In opposition, N and S fertilization led to leaves with lower levels of norisoprenoids and terpenes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal variation in the phytoplankton of a saline lowland river (Buenos Aires, Argentina) throughout an intensive sampling period
Authors: Bazzuri María Elisa , Gabellone Néstor , Solari Lía 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this survey was to analyse seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition and abundance with respect to temperature and conductivity values at two sampling sites in the Salado River's lower basin: El Destino and Guerrero. Samples were taken twice a week from 9 March 2004 to 20 July 2004. A total of 145 and 143 species were identified for these two sites, respectively. Infrequent species were discarded to avoid statistical misinterpretations. Autocorrelation analyses (Ljung‐Box Q‐statistic) were performed in order to establish seasonal patterns for species abundance. Similar significant (p < 0.05) autocorrelation patterns were observed for phytoplankton species composition, temperature and conductivity, thus, illustrating correlations with seasonal behaviour. On the basis of these data, species were grouped as (1) late‐summer: with 34 species well represented in warm waters (>22°C) (e.g. Planctonema lauterbornii and Chroococcus spp.); (2) winter: with 10 species that reached their highest densities in cold waters (<12°C) (e.g. Binuclearia eriensis and Microcystis firma); (3) transitional: of only four species with abundance peaks during intermediate conditions (15.5°C average) such as Closteriopsis acicularis and Nodularia spumigena and (4) independent: with 22 species of random behaviour whose autocorrelations remain within confidence limits. These four classifications pertain to species with similar presence at both sampling sites; the rest of the species evinced slightly different patterns. An apparent season‐associated succession of species was detected with those adapted to the warm, stagnant water of the late summer being replaced by others acclimated to the cold water of the winter. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative attacks in WiMAX networks
Authors: Bhargava Bharat , Zhang Yu , Idika Nwokedi , Lilien Leszek , Azarmi Mehdi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss security problems, with a focus on collaborative attacks, in the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) scenario. The WiMAX protocol suite, which includes but is not limited to DOCSIS, DES, and AES, consists of a large number of protocols. We present briefly the WiMAX standard and its vulnerabilities. We pinpoint the problems with individual protocols in the WiMAX protocol suite, and discuss collaborative attacks on WiMAX systems. We present several typical WiMAX attack scenarios, including: bringing a large number of attackers to increase their computation power and break WiMAX protocols; assembling a sufficient number of attackers to influence the decision‐making of core machines, which includes routing attacks and Sybil attacks; and exploiting implementations that do not conform to the WiMAX specification completely, causing interoperability problems among various protocols, including the ones in typical WiMAX/WiFi/LAN deployment scenarios. We present theoretical models and practical solutions to profile, model, and analyze collaborative attacks in WiMAX. We employ attack graphs to do vulnerability analysis. Experimental results verify our models and validate our analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role overload and underload in relation to occupational stress and health
Authors: Shultz Kenneth S. , Wang Mo , Olson Deborah A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMost research on work stress has focused on the concept of role overload, or too many job demands, as opposed to role underload, or too few job demands. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine if different levels of job demands may be differentially associated with job‐related stress as well as with various health outcomes. Specifically, in the present study, we used data from the Eurobarometer Survey on Working Conditions (n = 16,000) to investigate whether role overload and underload resulted in different negative health outcomes. We also examined to see whether different job characteristics, such as having control of your work schedule, differentially buffered the effects of role demands on work stress for workers experiencing role overload, role underload, or neither (i.e. matched). Results indicated that respondents reporting role overload had the highest level of all 16 negative health outcomes, with the role underload group being the next highest and the matched group being the lowest. In addition, a series of hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that the control variable of time buffered stress for the role matched and role underload groups, while both time and autonomy buffered stress for the role overload group. The implications of the results for both theory and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traumatic events, perceived stress and health in women with fibromyalgia and healthy controls
Authors: Smith Bruce W. , Papp Zsuzsanna Z. , Tooley Erin M. , Montague Erica Q. , Robinson Amanda E. , Cosper Cynthia J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between trauma, stress and health in 41 women with fibromyalgia (FM) and 44 women who were healthy controls (HC). The participants were assessed for traumatic events, perceived stress and mental and physical health. Perceived stress was related to worse mental and physical health in both groups. Traumatic events were related to worse mental and physical health in the FM group but were unrelated to health in the HC group. Perceived stress partially mediated the effect of traumatic events on mental and physical health in the FM group. Finally, adult abuse partially mediated the effects of child abuse on adult stress and health. Trauma may have lasting effects on stress and health in women with FM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic string test data generation for detecting domain errors
Authors: Zhao Ruilian , Lyu Michael R. , Min Yinghua 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDomain testing is designed to detect domain errors that result from a small boundary shift in a path domain. Although many researchers have studied domain testing, automatic domain test data generation for string predicates has seldom been explored. This paper presents a novel approach for the automatic generation ofON–OFFtest points for string predicate borders, and describes a corresponding test data generator. Our empirical work is conducted on a set of programs with string predicates, where extensive trials have been done for each string predicate, and the results are analysed using the SPSS tool. Conclusions are drawn that: (i) the approach is promising and effective; (ii) there is a strong linear relationship between the performance of the test generator and the length of target string in the predicate tested; and (iii) initial inputs, no shorter than the target string and with characters generated randomly, may enhance the performance in the test data generation for string predicates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal fault‐tolerant broadcasting in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Xin Qin , Zhang Yan , Yang Laurence T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWireless mesh networks (WMNs) is an emerging communication paradigm to enable resilient, cost‐efficient and reliable services for the future‐generation wireless networks. In this paper, we study the broadcasting (one‐to‐all communication) in WMNs with known topology, i.e. where for each primitive the schedule of transmissions is pre‐computed based on full knowledge about the size and the topology of the network. We show that broadcasting can complete in D + O(logn) time units in the WMN with sizenand diameterD. Moreover, we also propose an optimal O(D)‐time deterministic energy efficient broadcasting scheduling, under which each node in the WMN is only allowed to transmit at most once. Furthermore, we explore the fault‐tolerant broadcasting in the WMN. We show an O(n)‐time deterministic broadcasting schedule with large number of link failures. This is an optimal schedule in the sense that there exists a network topology in which the broadcasting cannot complete in less than Ω(n) units of time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of antenna array on the uplink orthogonal multicarrier DS‐CDMA system with imperfect power control
Authors: Kim Yong‐Seok , Hwang Seung‐Hoon 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper we analyze the effects of antenna array (AA) and imperfect power control on the performance of the uplink synchronous and/or asynchronous orthogonal multicarrier (MC) direct sequence‐code division multiple access (DS‐CDMA) system in multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated in terms of the number of antennas, the number of total subcarriers, power control error (PCE), and the number of users. Our numerical results show that the available user capacity of synchronous uplink is more than 1.5 times higher than that of asynchronous uplink, even though PCE increases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure timing synchronization for heterogeneous sensor network using pairing over elliptic curve
Authors: Mizanur Rahman Sk. Md. , Nasser Nidal , Taleb Tarik 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSecure time synchronization is one of the key concerns for some sophisticated sensor network applications. Most existing time synchronization protocols are affected by almost all attacks. In this paper, we consider heterogeneous sensor networks (HSNs) as a model for our proposed novel time synchronization protocol based on pairing and identity‐based cryptography (IBC). This is the first approach for time synchronization protocol using pairing‐based cryptography (PBC) in HSNs. The proposed protocol reduces the communication overhead of the nodes as well as prevents from all the major security attacks. Security analysis shows, it robust against reply attacks, masquerade attacks, delay attacks, and message manipulation attacks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic spectrum assignment in multicell OFDMA networks enabling a secondary spectrum usage
Authors: Bernardo Francisco , Agustí Ramón , Pérez‐Romero Jordi , Sallent Oriol 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose a set of novel Dynamic Spectrum Assignment (DSA) algorithms for multicell Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) scenarios. Thanks to the proposed algorithms, licensed spectrum holders can release spectrum bands in large geographical areas to be leased to other secondary markets in a cognitive radio environment, while preserving the quality of service (QoS) of the licensed users in the system. Results are obtained comparing the proposed schemes against other conventional frequency reuse strategies, revealing significant improvements in terms of both spectral efficiency and opportunities for secondary usage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive wireless personal area network for monitoring and control
Authors: Mišić Jelena , Mišić Vojislav B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and evaluate a cognitive personal area network (CPAN) suitable for wireless monitoring and control outside the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. Network is based on frequency hopping but the channels are selected on the basis of spectrum sensing performed by the nodes. Nodes balance their data collecting activity and spectrum sensing such that the duration of spectrum sensing done by a node is proportional to the number of packets previously transmitted by that node. We show that the operation of a node in this setup can be modeled as a gated exhaustive round‐robin system with vacations, and analyze the performance of the system. The impact of the value of the penalty factor, which determines the duration of sensing activity with respect to transmission, on packet access delay and stability limits of the system is discussed in detail. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐stabilizing flocking of a group of mobile robots with memory corruption
Authors: Xiong Naixue , Yang Y. , Park Jong Hyuk , Vasilakos Athanasios V. , Yan Xuefeng , Pan Yi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe rapid development of wireless technology plays extremely important roles in monitoring, control, and collaboration related applications. This paper aims at state‐of‐the‐art self‐stabilizing flocking control of wireless mobile robots with memory corruption.Flocking of a group of wireless mobile robots has gained a lot of attention due to its wide applications in recent years. While there are few works addressed on fault tolerance issue of flocking, especially for transient failure of robots. However, in the practical applications of robots, for the weak robots, some of their parts, like sensor, moving actuator, or memory etc., are prone to be crashed due to the complex environment. So, it is interesting to explore such kind of component crash or corruption (partly crash), especially for transient failure. The transient failure means the failure is temporary and after a while the robots will not be influenced by outside environment. Specially, in this paper, we mainly focus on how one kind of transient failure—memory corruption affects robot flocking, especially for the existed fault tolerant flocking. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐group linear turbo equalization with intercell interference cancellation for MC‐CDMA cellular systems
Authors: Nguyen Huan X. , Choi Jinho , Kim Seong Rag , Nam Junyoung 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate multi‐group linear turbo equalization using single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) techniques to mitigate the intercell interference for multi‐carrier code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA) cellular systems. It is important for the mobile station to mitigate the intercell interference as the performance of the users close to cell edge is mainly degraded by the intercell interference. The complexity of the proposed iterative detector and receiver is low as the one‐tap minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer is employed for mitigating the intracell interference, while a simple group interference canceller is used for suppressing the intercell interference. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative detector and receiver can mitigate the intercell interference effectively through iterations for both uncoded and coded signals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circumventing security toolbars and phishing filters via rogue wireless access points
Authors: Abu‐Nimeh Saeed , Nair Suku 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOne of the solutions that has been widely used by naive users to protect against phishing attacks is security toolbars or phishing filters in web browsers. The present study proposes a new attack to bypass security toolbars and phishing filters via local DNS poisoning without the need of an infection vector. A rogue wireless access point (AP) is set up, poisoned DNS cache entries are used to forge the results provided to security toolbars, and thus misleading information is displayed to the victim. Although there are several studies that demonstrate DNS poisoning attacks, none to our best knowledge investigate whether such attacks can circumvent security toolbars or phishing filters. Five well‐known security toolbars and three reputable browser built‐in phishing filters are scrutinized, and none of them detect the attack. So ineptly, security toolbars provide the victim with false confirmative indicators that the phishing site is legitimate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photo‐Driven Si‐C Bond Cleavage in Hexacoordinate Silicon Complexes
Authors: Wagler Jörg , Roewer Gerhard , Gerlach Daniela 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHexacoordinate diorganosilicon complexes of the type (ONNO)SiRR′, with (ONNO) being a di‐anionic salen‐type Schiff base ligand, were shown to undergo Si–C bond cleavage and intramolecular rearrangement (1,3‐shift of R’ to a former imine carbon atom) upon irradiation with UV. The course of this reaction depends on the nature of silicon‐bound substituents: Whereas complexes (ONNO)SiMe2 and (ONNO)SiPh2 give rise to the rearrangement of a methyl and a phenyl group, respectively, complexes of the type (ONNO)Si(aryl)(alkyl) were found to undergo Si–C(alkyl) bond cleavage exclusively.Furthermore, such alkyl groups bearing β‐hydrogen atoms may lead to β‐hydride transfer to the imine carbon atom accompanied by olefin elimination. Irradiation of compounds (ONNO)SiRX, with X being a non‐carbon sacrificial ligand, was shown to give rise to further side reactions: In case of X = F the unexpected formation of (ONNO)SiF2 was observed. In analogy to the photo‐induced rearrangement of (ONNO)SiPh2 the heavier congenor (ONNO)GePh2 exhibits similar behavior, whereas the related tin compound (ONNO)SnPh2 proved inert under these reaction conditions applied.
New Donor‐Functionalized Cp Ligands: Synthesis and Complexation Behaviour of Quinoxalyl and Benzothiadiazolyl Systems
Authors: Schuhen Katrin , Sieb David , Wadepohl Hubert , Enders Markus 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSodium cyclopentadienide reacts as nucleophile with 4,7‐dibromo‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTZ) and leads to the new donor‐functionalized ligand CpBTZ. Related quinoxalyl Cp systems have been prepared using Pd‐catalyzed coupling with zincated Cp‐metal complexes. The new ligands comprise two N‐donor atoms; one of them is located in a distal position relative to the metal centre so that it cannotcoordinate in a chelating manner. With CpBTZ ligand derivatives severalmetal complexes have been synthesized. The new chromium(III) complex CpBTZCrCl2 (12) becomes upon activation an active catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene. Relying on DFT calculations and analysis of spin‐density distribution combined with paramagnetic NMR data a chelating coordination of the CpBTZ ligand is feasible in 12.
Crystal‐to‐Crystal Transformation: An HgII Metal–Organic Polymer Constructed with a Triazole Ligand
Authors: Mahmoudi Ghodrat , Morsali Ali 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new one‐dimensional double‐chain HgII coordination polymer containing the ligand 3,5‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (bpatrz) and thiocyanate anions, namely, {[Hg2(μ‐bpatrz)(μ‐SCN)2(SCN)2]·MeOH}n (1), has been synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 displays bright blue luminescence with emission maxima around 370 and 440 nm in solution and the solid state, respectively. Uptake and release of MeOH by 1 were investigated by powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Anion Tuning of Cu(II)/4,4′‐Bi‐1,2,4‐Triazole Coordination Polymers
Authors: Govor Evgen V. , Lysenko Andrey B. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Chernega Alexander N. , Krautscheid Harald , Domasevitch Konstantin V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNine CuII coordination compounds based on 4,4′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole (btr), [Cu2(N‐btr)2(OAc)4]·4H2O (1), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(H2O)2][CdBr4(H2O)]·3H2O (2), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(H2O)2]S2O6·4H2O (3), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(H2O)2](NO3)2·2H2O (4), [Cu2(N1,N1′‐btr)2(μ3‐btr)2(NO3)2](NO3)2·2H2O (5), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(DMF)2](NO3)2·2C2H5OH (6), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)3](CF3CO2)2 (7), [Cu(N1,N1′‐btr)2(N‐btr)2](CCl3CO2)2·5H2O (8), [Cu3(μ2‐OH)2(μ4‐btr)(μ3‐btr)2(N1,N1′‐btr)(H2O)(CF3CO2)](CF3CO2)3·4H2O (9), were synthesized by reaction of btr with the corresponding CuII salts in aqueous or DMF/ethanol solution and their structures were established with single X‐ray diffraction. The coordination behavior of btr, which changes from simple monodentate, to N1,N1′‐bi‐, tri‐ and tetradentate binding modes, and the influence of the counteranions lead to a structural variety of the coordination compounds, ranging from molecular “Chinese lanterns” of type 1, through 2D square grids (2–4, 6, 8) and 3D octahedral networks (7), to 3D eight‐connected frameworks (5, 9) that based on the dinuclear [Cu2(trz)2]4+ and linear trinuclear [Cu3(μ2‐OH)2(H2O)2]4+ units as nodes.
Bidentate Phosphine Oxides as Ligands to form GaIII Shell Complexes. [Ga(CH2(P(O)Ph)2)3]3+: Synthesis, Structural and Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Grachova E. V. , Linti G. , Protasova I. D. , Tunik S. P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe tri‐cationic shell gallium complex [Ga(CH2(P(O)Ph)2)3]3+ containing three neutral diphosphine oxide ligands has been synthesized and structurally characterized by using X‐ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, and 1H, 13C, 31P, and 71Ga NMR spectroscopy. The ligands form three equivalent six‐membered chelate cycles to give an idealized octahedral environment around the Ga3+ ion. This compound is the first example of a mononuclear homoleptic octahedral structure formed by neutral phosphine oxide ligands in the chemistry of the 13 group elements in the +3 oxidation state.