bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative Algorithms with Variable Coefficients for Multivalued Generalized "Equation missing" -Hemicontractive Mappings without Generalized Lipschitz Assumption
Authors: Ge Ci-Shui 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe introduce and study some new Ishikawa-type iterative algorithms with variable coefficients for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemicontractive mappings. Several new fixed-point theorems for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemicontractive mappings without generalized Lipschitz assumption are established in "Equation missing"-uniformly smooth real Banach spaces. A result for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemicontractive mappings with bounded range is obtained in uniformly smooth real Banach spaces. As applications, several theorems for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemiaccretive mapping equations are given.
Combination mTOR and IGF-1R Inhibition: Phase I Trial of Everolimus and Figitumumab in Patients with Advanced Sarcomas and Other Solid Tumors
Authors: Quek Richard , Wang Qian , Morgan Jeffrey A. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Butrynski James E. , Ramaiya Nikhil , Huftalen Tarsha , Jederlinic Nicole , Manola Judith , Wagner Andrew J. , Demetri George D. , George Suzanne 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Preclinical models demonstrate synergistic antitumor activity with combination blockade of mTOR and IGF-1R signaling. We aimed to determine the safety, tolerability, and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of the combination of figitumumab, a fully human IgG2 anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) monoclonal antibody (Pfizer) and the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus (Novartis). Pharmacokinetics and preliminary antitumor effects of the combination were evaluated.
Experimental Design: Phase I trial in patients with advanced sarcomas and other solid tumors. Initial cohort combined full phase 2 dose figitumumab (20 mg/kg IV every 21 days) with full dose everolimus (10 mg orally once daily). Intercohort dose de-escalation was planned for unacceptable toxicities. Dose modifications were allowed beyond cycle 1.
Results: No DLTs were observed in the initial cohort during cycle one, therefore full dose figitumumab and everolimus was declared the RP2D. In total, 21 patients were enrolled on study. Most toxicities were grade 1 or 2, and were similar to reported toxicities of the single agents. Mucositis was the most frequently observed grade 3 toxicity. Median time on study was 104 days (range 17–300). Of 18 patients evaluable for response, best response was partial response in 1 patient with malignant solitary fibrous tumor and, stable disease in 15 patients. There were no apparent pharmacokinetic interactions between everolimus and figitumumab.
Conclusions: Combination figitumumab plus everolimus at full doses appears safe and well tolerated with no unexpected toxicities. Dose reductions in everolimus may be required after prolonged drug administration. This regimen exhibits interesting antitumor activity warranting further investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 1–9. ©2010 AACR.
The mechanics of retribution in Hittite, Mesopotamian and Ancient Israelite sources
Authors: FEDER YITZHAQ 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper reevaluates the anthropological theory, still common in Near Eastern studies, that the belief in gods represents a later evolutionary stage which emerged from the more primitive notion of impersonal forces and taboos. Against this conventional view, an analysis of scribal and literary conventions used in Mesopotamian, Hittite and Israelite texts to describe oath-curses and bloodguilt reveals a growing tendency to depict divine retribution as a mechanical or automatic process. In addition to the importance of this study for the anthropological study of religion, it deals with broader questions pertaining to the dependency of cultural explanatory schemes on linguistic and literary conventions.
The Syntax of Deuteronomy 13:2-3 and the Conventions of Ancient Near Eastern Prophecy
Authors: Stackert Jeffrey 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAs is the case with many ancient Near Eastern texts, biblical texts oftentimes betray a complex compositional history. In the case of Deuteronomy 13:2-3, philologically-driven analyses have concluded that the grammatical awkwardness of these verses results from an interpolation. This article attempts to test such analyses through recourse to historical evidence of ancient Near Eastern religious practice. It argues that positing an interpolation in these verses is unnecessary philologically. Moreover, the hypothetical Urtext that results when the purported interpolation is removed defies the conventions of both biblical and non-biblical ancient Near Eastern prophetic practice.
Local Manifestations of Yahweh and Worship in the Interstices: A Note on Kuntillet Ajrud
Authors: Hutton Jeremy M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Shema (Deut 6:4) has long posed a crux interpretum in studies of early Israelite religion. Although the verse is often understood as a rejection of “foreign” deities in favor of Israel’s God Yahweh, some have understood the verse as a textual consolidation of Yahweh’s multiple identities. The present study draws attention to the specific local manifestations of Yahweh at Kuntillet Ajrud and their respective archaeological contexts, locating those expressions within the larger regional and pan-Israelite religious system. Attentiveness to the archaeological provenance of each pertinent inscription suggests that distinctions obtained between the devotional expressions towards each local manifestation of Yahweh. Insofar as it is possible to draw conclusions from the extant epigraphic and iconographic data, the expressions of devotion towards Yahweh of Teman was officially sanctioned; no such official recognition of Yahweh of Samaria existed. When no sanctioned space existed for such recognition, personal expressions of piety were expressed interstitially.
The Hearing Gods of the Assyrian Royal Inscriptions
Authors: Greenwood Kyle R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTowards the end of the Early Assyrian period, the phrase “Then DN will hear his prayers” appears as a formulaic conclusion to the royal inscriptions. This phrase became routine during the first half of the Middle Assyrian period (1362-963 BCE). It invoked the names of various deities, and the rationale behind the appropriation of particular deities is often missing for modern readers. This paper investigates the assorted uses of this phrase and concludes that the inclusion of specific deities was not haphazard, but intentional.
Bilateral Delimitation of the Caspian Sea and the Exclusion of Third Parties
Authors: Bantekas Ilias 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article discusses the position of the littoral States of the body of water known as the Caspian Sea (hereinafter ‘the Caspian’), particularly on the basis of their numerous bilateral treaties and unilateral statements of action, with respect to the legal status and sui generis regimes of the Caspian. It is argued that these States have excluded the possibility that the Caspian be equated for legal purposes to a sea, but they have, nonetheless, employed legal formulae borrowed from the international law of the sea in order to delimit their respective maritime zones and other entitlements. The ambit of these rights is sketchy and they do not conclusively cover the entirety of inter-State relations in the Caspian. There is an urgent need for the adoption of a multilateral convention in order to remedy these gaps, if for no other reason than for the sake of investor confidence and the avoidance of future disputes.
Legal Implementation of Integrated Ocean Policies: The EU’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Authors: Schlacke Sabine , Maier Nina , Markus Till 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCoastal states increasingly recognise the need to consider the interplay between different exploitation and use activities and their effects on the marine environment. Some states have adopted programmes to establish “integrated ocean policies” which aim at promoting a coordinated governance of the different activities and interests related to the seas. This article describes the hurdles and challenges the European Union faces in developing and implementing its “Integrated Maritime Policy”, particularly focussing on its most developed branch, the “Marine Strategy Framework Directive”. By providing a detailed insight into this supranational ocean management framework, including an elucidation of its strengths and weaknesses, this analysis will contribute to the world-wide legal discourse on integrated ocean policies.
A Marine Biodiversity Project in the South China Sea: Joint Efforts Made in the SCS Workshop Process
Authors: Song Yann-huei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe South China Sea (SCS) is one of the world’s richest marine biodiversity areas, with abundant and diverse marine resources. In recent years, however, due to rapid economic development and population growth, marine biodiversity in the SCS is being lost. Beginning in 1991, the participants in the Informal Workshop on Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea (the SCS Workshop) agreed to recommend to the relevant governments to explore areas of cooperation in the SCS, which include the study of marine biodiversity. As a result, in March 2002, a joint biodiversity project was carried out around the undisputed Indonesian Islands of Anambas in the SCS. Other joint biodiversity projects have also been proposed, but with no progress. This article studies the joint efforts made by the participating authorities in the SCS Workshop process to understand better the current state of marine biodiversity in the SCS.
The Anglo-Spanish Dispute over the Waters of Gibraltar and the Tripartite Forum of Dialogue
Authors: García Inmaculada González 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe historical Anglo-Spanish dispute over the waters of Gibraltar is based on two separate and specific territorial disputes: one related to the conventional cession of Gibraltar by Spain in the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 and the other related to the British occupation of the Isthmus. The Spanish government has used the cession in Article 10 of that Treaty as the legal basis in both cases, merely stating that it does not recognise British jurisdiction over any waters other than those expressly ceded by it. Ever since the Tripartite Forum of Dialogue on Gibraltar was created in 2004 by a soft law agreement among the governments of Spain, the United Kingdom and Gibraltar as a separate framework from the Brussels Process on Anglo-Spanish sovereignty claims, we believe that this Forum has become an appropriate institutional framework for addressing issues of practical cooperation related to the disputed waters as well, establishing safeguard clauses related to sovereignty issues.
Protection of Cetaceans in European Waters—A Case Study on Bottom-Set Gillnet Fisheries within Marine Protected Areas
Authors: Krivickaite Monika , Siebert Ursula , Herr Helena , Proelss Alexander , Gilles Anita 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article explores the legal regime of the protection of marine species and habitats within European waters by taking the protection of harbour porpoises in the German territorial sea and exclusive economic zone as an example. The analysis is based on a scientific assessment of the occurrence of and the anthropogenic impacts on harbour porpoises in the North Sea. The relationship between the protection of marine species within the European Union (EU) on the one hand and the Common Fisheries Policy of the EU on the other constitutes a classic example of a user-environment conflict. The article explores how such conflicts ought to be solved under the pertinent legal rules.
Comment The Right to Freedom to Practice One’s Religion in the Constitution of Uganda
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe right to freedom to practice one’s religion is protected under the Ugandan constitution and in the international human rights instruments to which Uganda is party. There are also different pieces of legislation governing the marriages and divorces of different religious groups in Uganda. The Supreme Court of Uganda in the judgement of Dimanche Sharon and Others v. Makerere University has dealt with the constitutional limitations on the right to freedom of religion. This article discusses the constitutional history leading to the inclusion of the right to freedom of religion in the Constitution of Uganda and the Supreme Court decision interpreting the limitations on the right to freedom of religion.
Comment Women’s Testimony in Islamic Law and Misconceptions: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Nehaluddin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMost Qur’anic references to (witness) testimony do not make any reference to gender. Some references fully equate the testimony of males and females; however, one Qur’anic verse (2:282) has instructed that, as far as financial transactions are concerned, it is necessary to provide either two male witnesses or one male and two females. From this verse, it is generally contended that Islam renders two women equal to one man in matters of evidence. The question for consideration is whether or not, on the basis of the verse’s circumstantial context (‘illah), the testimony of one woman may nonetheless be accepted. The article focuses on principles of the Qur’an and the Sunnah as primary sources of Islamic law, particularly looking into the question of whether Islamic law of evidence is well equipped to meet and cater to the requirements of justice.
Feminist Interlegalities and Gender Justice in Sudan: The Debate on CEDAW and Islam
Authors: Tønnessen Liv 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe fundamental argument put forward by Islamists, who have ruled Sudan since 1989, for not signing the convention is based on cultural relativism; different cultures provide indigenous and local solutions to their women’s problems. Islam is the solution, not Western feminism. But the Islamists’ failure to ratify CEDAW should not be regarded as a complete rejection of Western feminism, however defined. Through a review of the debate on CEDAW and Islam, this article explores the entanglements of ‘Islamic’ and ‘Western’ normative legal orders. It argues that although Islamist feminists’ discourse deems Western tenets of feminism and gender equality to be unessential to Islamic societies and falsely universalising in its premises, it simultaneously draws upon them in order to demonstrate their ‘alternative’ feminism. By analysing a range of Islamist women’s positions, it becomes apparent that on the one hand they reject CEDAW and gender equality, and on the other promote issues which empower women in the Sudanese state and society. But there are important points of criticism to be made regarding Islamic solutions in a multi-religious and class-divided Sudanese society. Sudanese Islamist women’s claims on behalf of Islamic solutions for Sudanese women can paradoxically be critiqued being as universalising in its premises as so-called Western feminism.
Securing Freedom whilst Enhancing Competence: The “Knowledge about Christianity, Religions and Life Stances” Subject and the Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Slotte Pamela 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn an attempt to accommodate the increasing religious and cultural diversity in European societies, religious instruction in public schools is being rearranged across Europe. However, the issue is sensitive owing to the societal matters involved, such as multiculturalism, minority issues, nationalism, and citizenship. A crucial question is how religious instruction can be organized in public (state-funded) schools so as to conform to fundamental human rights. The European Court of Human Rights has also recently dealt in Folgerø and Others v. Norway with an ambitious attempt to introduce compulsory non-confessional religious instruction in public schools with the aim of enhancing dialogue and cultural understanding and take into account the future status of children as adult members of both national and international societies. Dividing children into separate study groups according to their faith had been dismissed as a form of segregation and parallel multiculturalism. This article focuses on Folgerø and Others v. Norway. What is at stake in the argumentation before the European Court of Human Rights, and how does it reason concerning religion and life-views, religious freedom and the aims of religious instruction in public schools? Based on this analysis, the article discusses what it means that a conflict over what constitutes adequate religious instruction is brought to a legal forum and the consequences this has for what will be understood as acceptable instruction.
In the Name of God: State and Religion in Contemporary Italy
Authors: Panara Carlo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDuring the last few years the influence of the Catholic Church on law-making and government policies in Italy has dramatically increased. The Italian Episcopal Conference established a solid alliance with the Centre-Right led by the media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi. This political situation favoured the introduction of a number of hyper-conservative policies on ethical matters, from artificial insemination to abortion. In contrast, the influence of the Church was not significant in other key areas such as immigration policy. This article argues that the Church-inspired hyper-conservatism has led to the introduction of considerable restrictions to individual rights and freedoms. This situation is undermining the secular character of the Italian State and the original liberal-democratic inspiration of the Constitution.
New Date for the Second Persian Conquest, End of Pharaonic and Manethonian Egypt: 340/39 B.C.E.
Authors: Depuydt Leo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractArtaxerxes III’s conquest of Egypt signified the end of Egypt of the Pharaohs. For more than half a century now, the event has been dated to either 343 B.C.E. or 342 B.C.E. Detailed calibrations focus on the winter of 343/42 B.C.E., especially early 342 B.C.E. Yet, there is no evidence whatsoever for this date. The presumed evidence has escaped scrutiny in Egyptology because it involves subtle reasoning about the supposed purport of Classical Greek sources whose chronology is uncertain or whose authenticity is in doubt. The surviving sources instead unambiguously point to an interval lasting from November of 340 B.C.E. to the summer of 339 B.C.E. as the time when the conquest most probably took place. This date can be styled as 340/39 B.C.E. The slash signifies a time interval shorter than two full years ‐ in this case also shorter than a year ‐ that spans two Julian years. The conquest is therefore dated here to roughly three years later than when everyone now assumes it took place.
Herihor’s Kingship and the High Priest of Amun Piankh
Authors: Morkot Robert , James Peter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe theory of Jansen-Winkeln, which argues for a reversal of the traditional order of the late 20th Dynasty High Priests of Amun Herihor and Piankh, has provoked considerable controversy. The key to a resolution seems to lie in recognising that Herihor, on his elevation to kingship, was able (like later monarchs of the TIP) to co-opt a colleague/relative as High Priest of Amun. This way Piankh’s pontificate can be placed within the reign of King Herihor, explaining the genealogical and other evidence which might otherwise suggest a reversal of the two but avoiding the pitfalls of Jansen-Winkeln’s case. The evidence suggests a shortening of the high priestly genealogy at this period by one to two generations (from the standard/Kitchen model). A first step is offered here towards a new model involving a short overlap between the 20th and 21st Dynasties, as well as between Herihor and Pinudjem I, as Upper Egyptian kings based at Thebes.
Ay versus horemheb: the political situation in the late eighteenth dynasty revisited
Authors: Kawai Nozomu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article examines the interaction between Ay and Horemheb and their attitudes towards one another. Under Tutankhamun, Ay was the fatherly advisor of the king at the court, while Horemheb was the actual governor of all the administration in the country. However, Ay seems to have obtained the title “Vizier,” indicating that he was also capable of governing the country. Ay was indeed on the verge of becoming the successor of Tutankhamun. There was strong antagonism between Ay and Horemheb sometime after Tutankhamun’s death. The evidence implies that Horemheb sought to discredit Ay as proper successor to the king. As a result, Ay appears to have excluded Horemheb from greater courtly influence by appointing Nakhtmin not only as his “Generalissimo” but also as “King’s Son.” This squabbling even continued after Ay’s death as Horemheb endeavored to erase all memory of Ay, his men, and even Queen Ankhesenamun in revenge.****
Soldatenkönige, Königsakklamation und eine neue Göttin. Zum Beginn des Zweiten Thebanischen Kleinstaates im 17. Jh. v.Chr.
Authors: Morenz Ludwig D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe late Middle Kingdom and the so-called Second Intermediate Period is characterised by substantial changes in the socio-economic, the political, as well as the ideological field. The role and function of kingship shifted and royal ideology was modified and adopted to the changing circumstances. In this article stela Cairo CG 20533 coming from Gebelein is discussed in detail. It is especially interesting insofar as it proves the acclamation of a certain Dedu-mose to kingship. Furthermore, this practice of acclamation is analysed in the context of kingship and royal ideology of the new Theban state in the 17th century BCE.
The Phoenician Contingent in the Campaign of Psammetichus II Against Kush
Authors: Schmitz Philip C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGraffiti inscribed on seated figures of Rameses II at Abu Simbel concern participation by Greek, Carian, and Phoenician forces in the Nubian campaign of Psammetichus II in 593 B.C.E. This study considers the major Phoenician graffiti as primary sources. The Phoenician texts do not mention Psammetichus, but do place Amasis in a commanding role. The Phoenician claim to victory comports with the Egyptian claim. The Greek inscriptions illuminate the Phoenician narratives. Unsolved historical problems include: (1) the command structure; (2) whether Amasis in these texts is the later Pharaoh; and (3) the relationship between this campaign and a later expedition against Kush by Ahmose II in 529 B.C.E. Herodotus’ account of Phoenician settlement in Memphis gains clarity from Greek papyri, and Phoenician finds at two Egyptian sites are contemporary with the 593 B.C.E. campaign. The Phoenician contingent possibly fulfilled covenant obligations to Egypt, and Phoenician settlement in Memphis perhaps involved a compensatory land grant.