bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antethoracic Pedicled Jejunum Reconstruction with the Supercharge Technique for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Iwata Naoki , Koike Masahiko , Kamei Yuzuru , Tanaka Chie , Ohashi Norifumi , Nakayama Goro , Nomoto Shuji , Fujii Tsutomu , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundGastric tube is the first choice as an esophageal substitute for reconstruction after esophagectomy. Colon or jejunum is selected for patients in whom stomach cannot be used. Colon interposition is reported to have a high incidence of anastomotic leakage and mortality. For safer surgical treatment, the authors adopted supercharged pedicle jejunum reconstruction as the operation of choice in patients with esophageal cancer who had no stomach to use as an esophageal substitute. The aim of this study was to review our experience with this technique.MethodsFrom 2003 to 2009, esophagectomy and antethoracic pedicled jejunum reconstruction with the supercharge technique was performed in 27 patients with esophageal cancer at the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Hospital. Medical records of these 27 patients were retrospectively reviewed to determine demographic data, diagnosis, functional results, and perioperative course.ResultsMedian operating time, blood loss, hospital stay, and duration of enteral feeding were 636 min (range 454–856 min), 580 ml (range 208–1959 ml), 27 days (range 16–72 days), and 80 days (range 26–1740 days), respectively. There were no in‐hospital deaths. Anastomotic leakage occurred in two patients and was successfully managed conservatively. In 2 of 27 patients, the pedicled jejunum was of insufficient length, and additional procedures were needed to complete the anastomosis.ConclusionsAlthough antethoracic pedicled jejunum reconstruction with the supercharge technique is technically demanding, it is a reliable technique and contributes to successful reconstruction after esophagectomy for patients in whom stomach is not available for reconstruction.
Whereabouts of an internal short stent placed across the pancreaticojejunostomy following pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Kadowaki Susumu , Miura Fumihiko , Amano Hodaka , Toyota Naoyuki , Wada Keita , Shibuya Makoto , Maeno Sawako , Takada Tadahiro , Sano Keiji 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground/PurposeIt is generally thought that an internal short stent placed across the pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) usually passes spontaneously through the rectum thereafter; however, we experienced some patients who presented with pancreatitis and cholangitis owing to delayed defecation of the stent. The purpose of this study was to clarify when the stent eventually became detached from the PJ and how it passed through the body until it was finally defecated. In addition, we also investigated the factors that may prevent such detachment and defecation.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 57 patients who had had internal short stents placed across the PJ following PD. Defecation from the body, detachment from the PJ, and distal migration of the stent was confirmed by X‐ray or computed tomography (CT) during the postoperative course. The cumulative rates of defecation and detachment of the stents, complications in relation to delayed defecation of the stents, and factors predictive of the delayed defecation, delayed detachment, and distal migration of the stents were analyzed.ResultsDefecation of the stent was confirmed in 35 patients. The median time to defecation after PD and the cumulative defecation rate at 1 year were 454 days and 41 %, respectively. Acute pancreatitis occurred in 2 patients with the stent remaining in the pancreatic duct. One patient experienced acute cholangitis owing to migration of the stent to the bile duct. Multivariate analysis showed that ≥5 stitches in the duct‐to‐mucosa anastomosis, stent size of ≥5 Fr, and pancreatic fistula classified as either Grade B or C were independent predictive factors for delayed defecation of the stent. Five or more stitches in the duct‐to‐mucosa anastomosis was an independent predictive factor for delayed detachment of the stent. A stent size of ≥5 Fr was a risk factor for distal migration of the stent.ConclusionIn more than half of the study patients, internal short stents were not defecated within 1 year. Retrieval of the stent should be considered following the migration of an internal short stent. A stent size of ≥5 Fr was an independent predictive factor for delayed defecation and distal migration of a stent. Five or more stitches in the duct‐to‐mucosa anastomosis was an independent predictive factor for delayed defecation and detachment of a stent.
First-Principles Calculations on Stabilization of Iron Carbides (Fe3C, Fe5C2, and η-Fe2C) in Steels by Common Alloying Elements
Authors: Ande Chaitanya Krishna , Sluiter Marcel H. F. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The control of carbide formation is crucial for the development of advanced low-alloy steels. Hence, it is of great practical use to know the (de)stabilization of carbides by commonly used alloying elements. Here, we use ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations to calculate the stabilization offered by common alloying elements (Al, Si, P, S, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Nb, Mo, and W) to carbides relevant to low-alloy steels, namely cementite
$$(\hbox{Fe}_{3}\hbox{C}),$$
Hägg
$$(\hbox{Fe}_{5}\hbox{C}_{2}),$$
and eta-carbide
$$(\eta{\text{-}}\hbox{Fe}_{2}\hbox{C})$$
. All alloying elements are considered on the Fe sites of the carbides, whereas Al, Si, P, and S are also considered on the C sites. To consider the effect of larger supercell size on the results of (de)stabilization, we use both 1 × 1 × 1 and 2 × 2 × 2 supercells in the case of
$$\hbox{Fe}_{3}\hbox{C}.$$
Effects of Holding Time on Thermomechanical Fatigue Properties of Compacted Graphite Iron Through Tests with Notched Specimens
Authors: Ghodrat Sepideh , Riemslag Ton A. C. , Kestens Leo A. I. , Petrov Roumen H. , Janssen Michael , Sietsma Jilt 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In cylinder heads of compacted graphite iron (CGI), the heating and cooling cycles can lead to localized cracking due to thermomechanical fatigue (TMF). Traditionally, TMF behavior is studied by thermal cycling of smooth specimens. The resulting number of cycles to failure (N
f) constitutes a single parameter that can be used to predict actual service failures. Nevertheless, there are also some drawbacks of the conventional testing procedures, most noticeably the prolonged testing times and a considerable scatter in test results. To address these drawbacks, TMF tests were performed using notched specimens, resulting in shorter testing times with less scatter. In the case of cast iron, artificial notches do not necessarily change the TMF behavior since the inherent graphite particles behave as internal notches. Using a notch depth of 0.2 mm, the effect of prolonged holding times (HT) on TMF lifetime was studied and a clear effect was found. Extended holding times were also found to be accompanied by relaxation of compressive stresses, causing higher tensile stresses to develop in the subsequent low temperature stages of the TMF cycles. The lifetimes in notched CGI specimens can be predicted by the Paris’ fatigue crack growth model. This model was used to differentiate between the individual effects of stress level and holding times on TMF lifetime. Microstructural changes were evaluated by analyzing quantitative data sets obtained by orientation contrast microscopy based on electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD).
Unsteady force generation and vortex dynamics of pitching and plunging aerofoils
Authors: Baik Yeon Sik , Bernal Luis P. , Granlund Kenneth , Ol Michael V. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractExperimental studies of the flow topology, leading-edge vortex dynamics and unsteady force produced by pitching and plunging flat-plate aerofoils in forward flight at Reynolds numbers in the range 5000–20 000 are described. We consider the effects of varying frequency and plunge amplitude for the same effective angle-of-attack time history. The effective angle-of-attack history is a sinusoidal oscillation in the range$\ensuremath{-} 6$to$2{2}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $with mean of${8}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $and amplitude of$1{4}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $. The reduced frequency is varied in the range 0.314–1.0 and the Strouhal number range is 0.10–0.48. Results show that for constant effective angle of attack, the flow evolution is independent of Strouhal number, and as the reduced frequency is increased the leading-edge vortex (LEV) separates later in phase during the downstroke. The LEV trajectory, circulation and area are reported. It is shown that the effective angle of attack and reduced frequency determine the flow evolution, and the Strouhal number is the main parameter determining the aerodynamic force acting on the aerofoil. At low Strouhal numbers, the lift coefficient is proportional to the effective angle of attack, indicating the validity of the quasi-steady approximation. Large values of force coefficients (${\ensuremath{\sim} }6$) are measured at high Strouhal number. The measurement results are compared with linear potential flow theory and found to be in reasonable agreement. During the downstroke, when the LEV is present, better agreement is found when the wake effect is ignored for both the lift and drag coefficients.
Prevalence and determinants of misreporting among European children in proxy-reported 24 h dietary recalls
Authors: Börnhorst C. , Huybrechts I. , Ahrens W. , Eiben G. , Michels N. , Pala V. , Molnár D. , Russo P. , Barba G. , Bel-Serrat S. , Moreno L. A. , Papoutsou S. , Veidebaum T. , Loit H.-M. , Lissner L. , Pigeot I. 
Published: August 2012

Dietary assessment is strongly affected by misreporting (both under- and over-reporting), which results in measurement error. Knowledge about misreporting is essential to correctly interpret potentially biased associations between diet and health outcomes. In young children, dietary data mainly rely on proxy respondents but little is known about determinants of misreporting here. The present analysis was conducted within the framework of the multi-centre IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study and is based on 6101 children aged 2–9 years with 24 h dietary recall (24-HDR) and complete covariate information. Adapted Goldberg cut-offs were applied to classify the 24-HDR as ‘over-report’, ‘plausible report’ or ‘under-report’. Backward elimination in the course of multi-level logistic regression analyses was conducted to identify factors significantly related to under- and over-reporting. Next to characteristics of the children and parents, social factors and parental concerns/perceptions concerning their child's weight status were considered. Further selective misreporting was addressed, investigating food group intakes commonly perceived as more or less socially desirable. Proportions of under-, plausible and over-reports were 8·0, 88·6 and 3·4 %, respectively. The risk of under-reporting increased with age (OR 1·19, 95 % CI 1·05, 1·83), BMIz-score of the child (OR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·37) and household size (OR 1·12, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·25), and was higher in low/medium income groups (OR 1·45, 95 % CI 1·13, 1·86). Over-reporting was negatively associated with BMIz-scores of the child (OR 0·78, 95 % CI 0·69, 0·88) and higher in girls (OR 1·70, 95 % CI 1·27, 2·28). Further social desirability and parental concerns/perceptions seemed to influence the reporting behaviour. Future studies should involve these determinants of misreporting when investigating diet–disease relationships in children to correct for the differential reporting bias.
Strong stochastic stability for non-uniformly expanding maps
Authors: ALVES JOSÉ F. , VILARINHO HELDER 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe consider random perturbations of discrete-time dynamical systems. We give sufficient conditions for the stochastic stability of certain classes of maps, in a strong sense. This improves the main result in Alves and Araújo [Random perturbations of non-uniformly expanding maps.Astérisque 286(2003), 25–62], where the stochastic stability in the$\mathrm {weak}^*$topology was proved. Here, under slightly weaker assumptions on the random perturbations, we obtain a stronger version of stochastic stability: convergence of the density of the stationary measure to the density of the Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen (SRB) measure of the unperturbed system in the$L^1$-norm. As an application of our results, we obtain strong stochastic stability for two classes of non-uniformly expanding maps. The first one is an open class of local diffeomorphisms introduced in Alves, Bonatti and Viana [SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems whose central direction is mostly expanding.Invent. Math. 140(2000), 351–398] and the second one is the class ofViana maps.
Handel’s fixed point theorem revisited
Authors: XAVIER JULIANA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMichael Handel proved in [A fixed-point theorem for planar homeomorphisms. Topology38 (1999), 235–264] the existence of a fixed point for an orientation-preserving homeomorphism of the open unit disk that can be extended to the closed disk, provided that it has points whose orbits form an oriented cycle of links at infinity. Later, Patrice Le Calvez gave a different proof of this theorem based only on Brouwer theory and plane topology arguments in [Une nouvelle preuve du théorème de point fixe de Handel. Geom. Topol.10(2006), 2299–2349]. These methods improved the result by proving the existence of a simple closed curve of index 1. We give a new, simpler proof of this improved version of the theorem and generalize it to non-oriented cycles of links at infinity.
Identity in the fourth age: perseverance, adaptation and maintaining dignity
Authors: LLOYD LIZ , CALNAN MICHAEL , CAMERON AILSA , SEYMOUR JANE , SMITH RANDALL 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe fourth age remains a poorly understood phenomenon and there is a lack of understanding of the perceptions of those who might be considered to be living in it. This article draws on findings from a study of dignity in later life which examined the day-to-day experiences of participants who were in need of support and care because of failing health. It discusses their accounts of the changes to their sense of self and their identity that came about as a result of their ageing and health problems and looks also at the ways in which the support and care they received helped to shape their adjustment to those changes. The accounts given by participants reveal a great deal about the physical, mental and emotional effort entailed in maintaining a sense of self and highlight the essential role played by social relationships in the maintenance of identity. These findings are analysed by reference to emerging theories of the fourth age.
Characteristics of early vocabulary and grammar development in Slovenian-speaking infants and toddlers: a CDI-adaptation study*
Authors: MARJANOVIČ-UMEK LJUBICA , FEKONJA-PEKLAJ URŠKA , PODLESEK ANJA 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTA large body of research shows that vocabulary does not develop independently of grammar, representing a better predictor of the grammatical complexity of toddlers' utterances than age. This study examines for the first time the characteristics of vocabulary and grammar development in Slovenian-speaking infants and toddlers using the Slovenian adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI). The sample included 512 Slovenian-speaking infants and toddlers aged 0 ; 8 to 2 ; 6. The findings suggest that between age 0 ; 8 and 2 ; 6 the development of vocabulary is best described using a quadratic function. The results also show that nouns predominate in the vocabularies of infants and toddlers of various ages; as they age and with the increasing size of their vocabularies, the share of interjections decreases and the share of verbs and adjectives increases. The size of vocabulary was also found to be related to the grammatical structure of toddlers' utterances.
Long-term population trends of breeding Kentish PloversCharadrius alexandrinusin north-west Spain under the effects of a major oil spill
Authors: VIDAL MARÍA , DOMÍNGUEZ JESÚS 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe Kentish PloverCharadrius alexandrinusis the only wader that nests on the beaches of Galicia, north-west Spain. In November 2002, much of that habitat was heavily affected by thePrestigeoil spill, considered one of the largest spills ever experienced in Europe. We used a 23-year dataset (1988–2010) tracking the abundance and distribution of Kentish Plover breeding pairs along the Galician coast to evaluate population trends and identify the underlying effects of an oil spill. A TRIM linear trend model classified the population trend as a moderate increase; the main trend exhibited a decline in the population from 2002 to 2004 (the second reproductive period after the catastrophe), followed by a moderate increase to the present. The results showed that the variation in annual population trends can be explained by considering the characteristics and location of breeding beaches. In the most parsimonious model, three covariates were significant: the beach position: inner (located in the interior part of the estuaries), or outer (exposed to the open sea), the beach length, and the location of the stretch of coastline in relation to thePrestigewreck. The variation was obvious both with regard to population size and habitat use, with an increase in the number of birds and breeding locations and changes in distribution along the entire Galician Coast after 2004. The birds reacted to the catastrophe by avoiding the most affected areas and moving to new breeding beaches, suggesting that conservation plans must take into account the correct management of currently unoccupied beaches that could provide potential habitat for the species.
LABOUR MARKET DUALISATION IN FRANCE
Authors: Marx Paul 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
The dualisation literature has identified the divide between standard and non-standard workers as a new form of inequality in European labour markets. However, we still lack an explanation for this development. One obstacle is that research on the subject is scattered across academic disciplines with different theoretical perspectives. The article confronts a political economy with an economic perspective on dualisation. It discusses how both relate to each other and what the respective empirical implications are. Both perspectives are assessed in a historical case study on the growth of fixed-term contracts (FTCs) in France. It shows that the changing use of FTCs cannot be explained by deregulation and should be seen as part of a broader change toward flexibility-oriented management styles. Rather than the other way around, the factual use of FTCs in France affected the politics of labour market reform by forcing policy makers to respond to the changing behaviour of firms and job seekers.
A Standpipe Screen Design to Prevent Fry Loss during Tank Cleaning
Authors: Clayton Richard D , Summerfelt Robert C 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Intensive larviculture of walleye Sander vitreus and other fishes require fine screens over the standpipe to retain the small fish. The high feeding rate of small (&lt;710-μm) microparticulate feed requires that screens be removed for daily cleaning with pressurized water to remove waste feed, oil, and biofilm. Standard screens have an open bottom that can trap fry in the space between the standpipe and the screen when the screen is replaced. Here we describe a modification of a standpipe screen that prevents the fry from entrapment in the space between screen and standpipe.
Received April 23, 2010; accepted June 22, 2010
Lipid and Fatty Acid Requirements of Tilapias
Authors: Lim Chhorn , Yildirim-Aksoy Mediha , Klesius Phillip 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Tilapias have been shown to have a dietary requirement for linoleic (n-6) series fatty acids (FAs; 18:2[n-6] or 20:4[n-6]). The optimum dietary levels of n-6 previously reported were 0.5% for redbelly tilapia Tilapia zillii and 1.0% for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Tilapias may also have a requirement for the linolenic (n-3) FA series (18:3[n-3], 20:5[n-3], or 22:6[n-3]), but the optimum dietary requirement levels for n-3 in various tilapia species have not been determined. The presence of high levels of either n-6 or n-3 may spare the requirement of the other, although n-6 appears to have a better growth-promoting effect than n-3. Tilapias possess the ability to desaturate and chain elongate 18:2(n-6) to 20:4(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) to 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3). Plant oils that are rich in n-6, n-3, or both FA series (e.g., soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, palm oil products, and linseed oil) have been reported to be good lipid sources for tilapia. Beef tallow and pork lard are poorly utilized by tilapia. However, these lipids can be used in combination with other lipid sources provided that the essential FA requirements are met. Information on the nutritional value of fish oil for tilapias is inconsistent. Some studies have shown that the nutritional value of fish oil is similar to that of plant oils, while others have reported poor performance of diets that contain fish oil. Fish oil provided good spawning performance for tilapia broodstock reared in brackish water, whereas soybean oil yielded good reproductive performance in freshwater. The sparing effect of dietary lipids on protein utilization has also been demonstrated. However, tilapias do not tolerate as high a dietary lipid level as do salmonids. A dietary lipid level of 5–12% has been suggested as optimum in diets for tilapias.
Received April 28, 2010; accepted August 9, 2010
Effects of Dietary Lipid Concentration and a Dairy–Yeast Prebiotic on Growth, Body Composition, and Survival of Stressed Goldfish Challenged with Flavobacterium columnare
Authors: Lochmann Rebecca T , Sink T D , Phillips H 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Preliminary feeding trials with goldfish Carassius auratus were conducted by using four practical diets with 4% or 10% supplemental poultry fat (PF) and 0% or 2% dairy–yeast prebiotic. Total lipid in the diets ranged from 9.7% to 16.4%, which is higher than the lipid level in most commercial baitfish diets. Aquarium and pool trials were conducted to compare diet effects in the presence or absence of natural foods. In aquaria, weight gain, survival, and feed conversion were similar among diets, but whole-body lipid and dry matter percentages were higher in goldfish that were fed 10% PF diets than in fish receiving 4% PF diets. In pools, weight gain was higher in goldfish that received the 10% PF diets or the 4% PF diet with prebiotic than in fish that were fed the 4% PF diet without prebiotic. Lipid and dry matter were higher in goldfish that were given 10% PF diets than in fish that were given 4% PF diets. The presence of natural foods in pools may partly explain the differences in results between aquaria and pools. Subsequent bacterial challenges with Flavobacterium columnare were conducted separately for fish in pools that received the 4% PF and 10% PF diets. Some groups of fish were stressed prior to exposure. Stressed goldfish that were fed the 4% PF diet with prebiotic had a survival rate similar to that of unstressed fish that were fed the basal or prebiotic diets, but stressed fish that were given the 4% PF diet without prebiotic had lower survival. Unstressed goldfish that received the 10% PF diets had higher survival than stressed fish, but there was no prebiotic effect. Preliminary results indicate that the dairy–yeast prebiotic has some potential to protect stressed goldfish against F. columnare infection, but more studies are needed to determine whether dietary lipid concentration influences the results.
Received February 16, 2010; accepted January 20, 2011