bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal care associates with play dominance rank among adult female rats
Authors: Parent Carine I. , Del Corpo Adina , Cameron Nicole M. , Meaney Michael J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVariations in maternal care influence important life history traits that determine reproductive fitness. The adult female offspring of mothers that show reduced levels of pup licking/grooming (LG; i.e., low‐LG mothers) show increased defensive responses to stress, accelerated pubertal development, and greater sexual receptivity than the female offspring of high‐LG mothers. Amongst several species an accelerated pattern of reproductive development is associated with increased dominance‐related behaviors and higher social rank. We hypothesize that rats from low‐LG dams may thus also secure higher social rank as a means to compete for limited resources with conspecifics. In this study, social interactions were observed in triads of adult female rats aged p90 that received low, mid, and high levels of pup LG over the first week of life. Low‐ and mid‐LG females had the highest pinning scores and high‐LG rats the lowest, showing that low‐ and mid‐LG adult females engage in greater play dominance‐related behavior. Likewise, low‐ and mid‐LG rats spent significantly more time drinking following 24 hr of water deprivation in a water competition test thus allowing them to secure a limited resource more easily than high‐LG rats. Interestingly, pinning by play dominant females was increased when subordinates were sexually receptive (proestrus/estrus), suggestive of a process of reproductive suppression. Some evidence suggests that low‐LG and mid‐LG rats also show greater fecundity than high‐LG rats. Variations in maternal care may thus have a long‐term influence on the development of play dominance and possibly social rank in the female rat, which might contribute to reproductive success within a competitive environment.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 745–756, 2013.
The interrelationship of hydrology and biology in a Tennessee stream, USA
Authors: Elkin Kimberly , Lanier Susan , Rebecca Monette 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTFish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), macroinvertebrate North Carolina Biotic Integrity Index (NCBI) data, and Tennessee Macroinvertebrate Index (TMI) data were collected in 2009 and 2010 along with the hydrology to determine if a golf course water withdrawal was degrading the stream's aquatic life. Campostoma anomalum dominated the stream, and there were low numbers of Ephemeroptera–Plecoptera–Trichoptera (EPT) taxa. Richland Creek is a 28‐square‐mile watershed located in a highly urbanized area. The golf course withdraws a daily average of 400 000 (1514 cubic metre) gallons of water over a 60 to 155 day period. McCabe Golf Course withdraws >10% of the flow in the low‐flow months of June through October. Fish IBI scores were poor throughout Richland Creek with the upstream IBI being higher than downstream of the withdrawal. TMI scores were moderately impaired upstream and downstream of the golf course withdrawal, with the TMI being marginally better upstream of the withdrawal than downstream. The natural flow regime (Annear et al., 2004) is not maintained in Richland Creek because of the urban nature of the stream and the increased stormwater runoff into the stream. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency's instream flow policy statement states that flow should not be <20% above the September median flow, which is 12 cfs (0·39 cms). The hydrology of the stream is altered by one major water withdrawal with its associated low‐head dam as well as urbanization, which affects the fish and macroinvertebrate diversity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Ethynyl and 2‐Thienyl Substituents on the Complexation of 4′‐Substituted 2,2′:6′,2″‐Terpyridines with Zn2+ and Fe2+ Ions, and the Spectroscopic Properties of the Ligands and Formed Complex Species
Authors: Vitvarová Tereza , Zedník Jiří , Bláha Michal , Vohlídal Jiří , Svoboda Jan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe complexation of terpyridine (tpy) and its 4′‐ethynyl (E) and 4′‐(2‐thienyl) (T) derivatives, as promising chelate end groups for oligomeric components of conjugated metallosupramolecular polymers, with Zn2+ and Fe2+ ions as ion couplers was investigated in acetonitrile using NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The binding of these ligands with Zn2+ ions shows two distinct steps with comparable binding constants in the range of 106 dm3 mol–1, whereas their binding with Fe2+ ions shows a strong tendency to form [FeL2]2+ species, which almost do not dissociate to monoligand species [FeL]2+ even at a twofold excess of Fe2+ ions. The ligand exchange dynamics between [ZnL2]2+ species in solution was studied by NMR spectroscopy and the related parameters were determined. UV/Vis spectra taken during complexation show an apparent isosbestic point at 310 ± 10 nm, and those of the systems with Fe2+ ions also show a metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer band at 550–580 nm. 4′‐Substituents strongly enhance the luminescence of tpy (ca. 400 times). Additional enhancement is provided by binding the ligands to Zn2+ ions, whereas their binding to Fe2+ ions quenches the fluorescence.
Chromate‐Mediated One‐Step Quantitative Transformation of PW12 into P2W20 Polyoxometalates
Authors: Bajpe Sneha R. , Breynaert Eric , Robeyns Koen , Houthoofd Kristof , Absillis Gregory , Mustafa Danilo , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. , Maes Andre , Martens Johan A. , Kirschhock Christine E. A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe addition of H3PW12O40 to an aqueous solution of K2CrO4 led to the hydrolysis of [PW12O40]3– with its quantitative conversion into K13[KP2W20O72]. K13[KP2W20O72] in these chromate‐containing solutions was characterized by 183W and 31P NMR, EXAFS, SAXS, and EPR spectroscopy.
Behavior of Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode in Flowing Methanolic Solutions
Authors: Dejmkova Hana , Zima Jiri , Barek Jiri , Mika Jan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCarbon paste electrodes are often used for electrochemical determinations, but their application in media with high content of organic solvents, particularly in HPLC, is limited by their low stability. The work presented here examines the effect of a moving methanol‐containing solution on a glassy carbon paste electrode by studying its electrochemical behavior in relation to the period of contact and methanol content in the solution. In combination with microscopic observation of the paste surface it can be concluded that the electrode is affected by the methanolic solution and the surface roughness increases, resulting in the stable state compatible with measurements in highly methanolic solutions.
Ion Transfer Voltammetry Associated with Two Polarizable Interfaces Within Water and Moderately Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Systems
Authors: Gan Shiyu , Zhou Min , Zhang Jingdong , Zhong Lijie , Ulstrup Jens , Niu Li 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn electrochemical system composed of two polarizable interfaces (the metallic electrode|water and water|ionic liquid interfaces), namely two‐polarized‐interface (TPI) technique, has been proposed to explore the ion transfer processes between water and moderately hydrophobic ionic liquids (W|mIL), typically 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (C8mimC1C1N) and 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (C6mimC1C1N). Within the classic four‐electrode system, it is not likely that the ion transfer information at the W|mIL interface can be obtained due to an extremely narrow polarized potential window (ppw) caused by these moderately hydrophobic ionic components. In this article, we show that TPI technique has virtually eliminated the ppw limitation based on a controlling step of concentration polarization at the electrode|water interface. With the aid of this technique, the formal ion transfer potential differences between C1C1N− and Cnmim+ (n=6, 8) were accurately determined for 356 mV and 420 mV at a corresponding interface (W|C6mimC1C1N and W|C8mimC1C1N). Besides, this technique is used to monitor electrochemical polarization at the two W|mIL systems, which exhibits an adaptable polarizability (i.e., a conversion from a nonpolarized interface to a polarized interface). Some of the typical anion transfers at the W|C8mimC1C1N interface have also been investigated, as they are particularly important for ion extraction. The experimental results indicate that this facile TPI technique offers a general avenue to explore ion transfer in multifarious biphasic systems.
SECM Studies on the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glycerol at Copper Electrodes in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Dantas L. M. F. , De Souza A. P. R. , Castro P. S. , Paixão T. R. L. C. , Bertotti M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study aims at analyzing the reaction mechanism of the electrooxidation of glycerol at copper surfaces in NaOH solutions using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) in the substrate generation/tip collection (SG/TC) mode. Experiments showed the dependence of the current at the tip on the distance between generator and tip, as well as on the concentration of the NaOH solution. The current at the tip decreased significantly after addition of glycerol, as a result of the competition between diffusion of the free‐soluble Cu(III) species and its consumption during the diffusion in the solution. The determination of the analyte in a castor biodiesel sample employing a single copper microelectrode was carried out.
Chitosan‐Based Hydrothermal Nanocarbon: Core‐Shell Characteristics and Composite Electrodes
Authors: Xia Fengjie , Pan Mu , Mu Shichun , Jones Matthew D. , Wolverson Daniel , Marken Frank 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLow cost sustainable hydrothermal nanocarbon from chitosan is investigated for anion binding and electrochemical sensing. Raman analysis suggests amorphous carbon core components but film electrodes show insulator characteristics due to incomplete “core‐shell carbonisation”. Anion adsorption capability is exploited in a composite with negatively charged carbon nanoparticles. The accessible positive surface charge is estimated as 14, 70, 20 C g−1 for hydrothermal nanocarbon obtained at 180 °C, 200 °C, 230 °C, respectively (Langmuirian binding constant ca. 105 mol−1 dm3), which suggests that up to 15 % of nitrogen can be present in the form of accessible surface or shell ammonium functionalities.
Determination of Iron: Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Lu Min , Rees Neil V. , Kabakaev Alex S. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIron is an abundant element in the environment which plays an important role in environmental and biological systems. In particular, its essential function in photosynthesis has been seen as a limiting factor for phytoplanktons in ocean waters. Thus, sensitive speciation and determination of iron is of major interest, and many techniques have been established for analytical purposes. Electrochemical methods have been commonly explored due to their inexpensive, simple and rapid nature, with adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) being widely used due to its ability to complex and preconcentrate iron ions for ultrasensitive detection. This paper aims to present a review of recent determinations of trace iron using electrochemical methods.
An integral approach to bedrock river profile analysis
Authors: Perron J. Taylor , Royden Leigh 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBedrock river profiles are often interpreted with the aid of slope–area analysis, but noisy topographic data make such interpretations challenging. We present an alternative approach based on an integration of the steady‐state form of the stream power equation. The main component of this approach is a transformation of the horizontal coordinate that converts a steady‐state river profile into a straight line with a slope that is simply related to the ratio of the uplift rate to the erodibility. The transformed profiles, called chi plots, have other useful properties, including co‐linearity of steady‐state tributaries with their main stem and the ease of identifying transient erosional signals. We illustrate these applications with analyses of river profiles extracted from digital topographic datasets. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological changes on meander point bars associated with flow structure at different discharges
Authors: Kasvi Elina , Vaaja Matti , Alho Petteri , Hyyppä Hannu , Hyyppä Juha , Kaartinen Harri , Kukko Antero 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of flow structure of different discharges on meander point bar morphology. We carried out mobile and terrestrial laser scanning campaigns before and after a flood on two sandy‐bed point bars. Between the scans, the flow structure was examined using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler at three flow stages. The results indicated that a meander point bar both affects and in turn, is itself modified by the flow at different discharges. The lower flow stages also have a significant effect on point bar morphology, especially on deposition over the bar head. Secondary circulation is responsible for scroll bar formation on the point bar margin beyond the apex. Flow separation at the inner bank, by contrast, does not require secondary circulation, but is dependent on flow depth over the point bar. A sudden increase in depth beyond the point bar top causes decreased stream power over the bar tail. The flow separation and decreased stream power cause a slow flow zone and net deposition over point bar tail. The backwater effect, if evident, may strengthen the process. Thus, filling over the bar tail seems generic for point bars and independent on secondary flow. Chutes and chute bars, scroll bars, bar head filling and bar platform filling, by contrast, require special fluvio‐morphological circumstances discussed in this paper. Whilst this paper confirms that the three‐dimensional flow structure has a major effect on point bar morphology, the flow structure seems to depend on how the point bar affects the flow trajectory which, in turn, depends upon the flow stage. Finally, the shape of the bend and the grain size distribution control the impacts of the flow structure, leading to divergent morphologies of point bars with certain generic features. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dry–wet cycles increase pesticide residue release from soil
Authors: Jablonowski Nicolai David , Linden Andreas , Köppchen Stephan , Thiele Björn , Hofmann Diana , Burauel Peter 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Soil drying and rewetting may alter the release and availability of aged pesticide residues in soils. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of soil drying and wetting on the release of pesticide residues. Soil containing environmentally long-term aged (9–17 years) 14C-labeled residues of the herbicides ethidimuron (ETD) and methabenzthiazuron (MBT) and the fungicide anilazine (ANI) showed a significantly higher release of 14C activity in water extracts of previously dried soil compared to constantly moistened soil throughout all samples (ETD: p &lt; 0.1, MBT and ANI: p &lt; 0.01). The extracted 14C activity accounted for 44% (ETD), 15% (MBT), and 20% (ANI) of total residual 14C activity in the samples after 20 successive dry–wet cycles, in contrast to 15% (ETD), 5% (MBT), and 6% (ANI) in extracts of constantly moistened soils. In the dry–wet soils, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content correlated with the measured 14C activity in the aqueous liquids and indicated a potential association of DOC with the pesticide molecules. Liquid chromatography MS/MS analyses of the water extracts of dry–wet soils revealed ETD and MBT in detectable amounts, accounting for 1.83 and 0.01%, respectively, of total applied water-extractable parent compound per soil layer. These findings demonstrate a potential remobilization of environmentally aged pesticide residue fractions from soils due to abiotic stresses such as wet–dry cycles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1941–1947. © 2012 SETAC
Multimetal accumulation in crustaceans in surface water related to body size and water chemistry
Authors: Verschoor Anja J. , Hendriks A. Jan , Vink Jos P.M. , de Snoo Geert R. , Vijver Martina G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Many relationships of bioaccumulation of metals have been derived in the past, but verification in the field is often lacking. In the present study, the authors collected field data on bioaccumulation in caged Daphnia magna and Gammarus roeseli in 12 different contaminated brooks. Besides generating a comprehensive data set on bioaccumulation for these species, the authors also checked whether the bioavailability at the biotic ligand is useful to explain differences in observed bioaccumulation. Increasing bioaccumulation of Mn, Cd, Co, and Ni was observed, which leveled off at higher concentrations. Whole-body concentrations of Ca, Na, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Se, and Zn were independent of exposure concentrations. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to examine the relationships between accumulated metals and dissolved metal concentrations (Cw), fractional occupancy of the biotic ligand (fBL), species weight, and other undefined species traits. Significant relations between body weight and bioaccumulation were found for Na, Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, and Zn; smaller organisms accumulated larger amounts of these elements. Reduced body weight was accompanied by elevated concentrations of Co, Cu, and Fe in D. magna and elevated concentrations of Mn in G. roeseli, indicating toxicity. Although significant relations were found between bioaccumulation and fBL for Mn and Co, Cw was a better predictor of bioaccumulation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2269–2280. © 2012 SETAC
Research misconduct: how bad is it and what can be done?
Authors: Chaplin Steve 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe make two important assumptions when appraising the evidence behind an intervention: that the data are genuine and that they represent the total body of relevant knowledge. Doubts have been growing about both. Research misconduct and selective reporting of clinical trials are undermining confidence in scientific data, and the response of the research establishment has been mixed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Minor Spirostane Glycosides from Ypsilandra thibetica
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Dong , Chen Chang‐Xiang , Yang Jun‐Yun , Ni Wei , Liu Hai‐Yang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA further phytochemical investigation on the whole plants of Ypsilandra thibetica yielded three new spirostane glycosides, named ypsilandrosides M–O (1–3). Their structures were established as (3β,11α,25R)‐3,11‐dihydroxyspirost‐5‐en‐12‐one 3‐{O‐α‐L‐rhanmopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐L‐rhanmopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐[α‐L‐rhanmopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside} (1), (3β,7β,25R)‐spirost‐5‐ene‐3,7‐diol 3‐{O‐α‐L‐rhanmopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐α‐L‐rhanmopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐[α‐L‐rhanmopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside} (2), and (3β,7α,25R)‐spirost‐5‐ene‐3,7,17‐triol 3‐{O‐α‐L‐rhanmopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐α‐L‐rhanmopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐[α‐L‐rhanmopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside} (3) by means of a combination of MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic methods, and chemical degradation. Among them, compound 3 is the first pennogenin (=(3β,25R)‐spirost‐5‐ene‐3,17‐diol) saponin whose aglycone contains an OH group at C(7). Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for the inhibition of the growth of five tumor cell lines, but all of them proved to be inactive.
A Novel Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Some New N‐(α‐Hydroxybenzyl)formamides by Treatment of 2,2‐Dichloroaziridines with Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Water under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Rabiei Khadijeh 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA novel, mild, and efficient method is reported for the preparation of new N‐(α‐hydroxybenzyl)formamides in excellent yields and appropriate reaction times through the reaction of 2,2‐dichloroaziridines with aqueous DMSO as the O‐donor under neutral conditions at 70–85°.
Three New Pregnane Alkaloids from Veratrum taliense
Authors: Sun Yun , Chen Jin‐Xiong , Zhou Lin , Su Jia , Li Yan , Qiu Ming‐Hua 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThree new alkaloids, 3‐O‐acetylveralkamine (1), veralkamine 3‐(β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (2), and 6,7‐epoxyverdine (3), together with five known alkaloids, veramitaline, veralkamine (4), angeloylzygadenine, veratroylzygadenine, and veramiline 3‐(β‐D‐glucopyranoside), were isolated from the whole plants of Veratrum taliense. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and the NMR data of veralkamine (4) are given for the first time. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds, except for veramitaline, were tested.
Two New Cerebrosides from the Aerial Parts of Tithonia diversifolia
Authors: Zhao Gui‐Jun , Xi Zhong‐Xin , Chen Wan‐Sheng , Li Xia , Wang Yan , Sun Lian‐Na 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTwo new cerebrosides, (2R)‐N‐{(1S,2S,3R,8E)‐1‐[(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)methyl]‐2,3‐dihydroxyheptadec‐8‐en‐1‐yl}‐2‐hydroxyhexadecanamide (1) and (2R)‐N‐{(1S,2R,8E)‐1‐[(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)methyl]‐2‐hydroxyheptadec‐8‐en‐1‐yl}‐2‐hydroxyhexadecanamide (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR).
Synthesis and Antimalarial‐Activity Evaluation of TetraoxaneTriazine Hybrids and Spiro[piperidine‐4,3′‐tetraoxanes]
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Khan Shabana I. , Rawat Diwan S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of tetraoxanetriazine hybrids and spiro[piperidine‐4,3′‐tetraoxanes] have been synthesized, and all the compounds were screened for in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine‐sensitive (D6) and chloroquine‐resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Most of the spiro[piperidine‐4,3′‐tetraoxanes] exhibited moderate to good antimalarial activities, and two compounds have shown good antimalarial activity with IC50 values in the range of 0.30 to 0.70 μM against both the strains with high selectivity index and no cytotoxicity towards mammalian kidney cell line.
Reduced expression of FASN through SREBP‐1 down‐regulation is responsible for hypoxic cell death in HepG2 cells
Authors: Jung Seung‐Youn , Jeon Hye‐Kyung , Choi Jae‐Sun , Kim Yung‐Jin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCells under hypoxic stress either activate an adaptive response or undergo cell death. Although some mechanisms have been reported, the exact mechanism behind hypoxic cell death remains unclear. Recently, increased expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) has been observed in various human cancers. In highly proliferating cells, tumor‐associated FASN is considered necessary for both membrane lipids production and post‐translational protein modification, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Further, FASN overexpression is associated with aggressive and malignant cancer diseases and FASN inhibition induces apoptosis in cancer cells. For this reason, FASN is emerging as a key target for the potential diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. Here, we observed decreased FASN expression under hypoxic cell death conditions in HepG2 cells. Thus, we examined the effect of decreased FASN expression on hypoxia‐induced cell death in HepG2 cells and also investigated the mechanism responsible for reduction of FASN expression under hypoxic cell death conditions. As a result, reduction of FASN expression resulted in hypoxic cell death via malonyl‐CoA accumulation. In addition, SREBP‐1 restored FASN reduction and hypoxia‐induced apoptosis. Taken together, we suggest that hypoxic cell death is promoted by the reduced expression of FASN through SREBP‐1 down‐regulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3730–3739, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.