bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing the Medicolegal Field
Authors: Brigham Christopher R. , Buttar Waqas A. , Bucksbaum Mark , Talmage James B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare and holds immense potential for the medicolegal field. It also presents significant challenges for these systems and their participants. This article overviews core AI concepts such as machine learning and large language models. It highlights current medical applications spanning clinical decision support, computer vision, robotics, and predictive analytics. AI can aid research, summarize documents, draft reports, and enhance quality and efficiency in a medicolegal practice. Limitations must be recognized and managed. Human expertise remains irreplaceable for nuanced analysis, and oversight is crucial. With thoughtful adoption, AI can augment medicolegal evaluations and enhance quality and efficiency. But human skills like critical thinking, judgment, and compassion must persist at the heart of this profoundly human profession.
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI-Related Concepts
Authors: Brigham Christopher R. , Buttar Waqas A. , Bucksbaum Mark , Talmage James B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming health care and holds immense potential for various fields, including the medical field, but it also brings its share of concerns and issues. This article introduces AI and its core concepts, such as deep learning, machine learning, and large language models (LLMs). It also provides examples that were generated using ChatGPT to highlight the use of prompts and the limitations of LLMs in AI. AI is a powerful paradigm for scientific research, and it can and does reduce work effort and enhance results. However, is it the right tool for the selected task? In addition, no matter how powerful, AI is meant to complement humans and does not replace them.
A Simultaneous Modulation Strategy to Construct High Dense and Accessible Co‐N4 Sites for Promoting Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Xie Xuan , Peng Hui , Sun Kanjun , Li Wenjuan , Liang Aoji , Ma Guofu , Lei Ziqiang , Xu Yuxi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon single‐atom catalysts (M─N─C SACs) exhibit outstanding catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, these catalysts still face the dual challenges of low density and low utilization of active sites in practical applications. Hence, a simultaneous modulation strategy to construct high‐density and accessible Co‐N4 sites on nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (CoH SA/NC), is reported. As expected, the optimized CoH SA/NC catalyst exhibits superior ORR activity with a half‐wave potential value of 0.874 V, outperforming that of the benchmark Pt/C catalyst. Importantly, the mass activity and turnover frequency of CoH SA/NC are 14.7 and 13.3 times higher than that of low‐density Co single atom catalyst (CoL SA/NC), respectively. Structural characterization and density functional theory (DFT) reveal that the porous structure and the high dense Co‐N4 sites synergistically improve the ORR performance, in which the high dense Co‐N4 sites induced a redistribution of the d orbital, resulting in dz2 orbital has enough electron to interact with the OOH* specie, thereby facilitating the kinetic process of ORR. Moreover, CoH SA/NC‐based Zn–Air Battery (ZAB) also showed excellent device performance, including a high‐power density (191.7 mW cm−2), high specific capacity, and outstanding stability (250 h), significantly superior to benchmark Pt/C‐based ZABs.
Chemokine‐Based Injectable Navigation System for Enhancing CAR‐T Cell Therapy Against Solid Tumors
Authors: Wan Wenjun , Han Wenqing , Chen Jin , Li Yangjing , Zhao Lei , Gao Mengqian , Shen Cui , Liu Ning , Deng Wenhao , Ma Siqi , Cheng Lifang , Zheng Yiran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has demonstrated poor efficacy for solid tumors. The low number and poor functional persistence of CAR‐T cells in tumors are the main limiting factors. Here a Chemokine‐based Injectable platform for enhancing adoptive T cells’ Efficacy (CITE) is presented. CITE consists of peritumorally‐injected immunogel co‐loading chemotactic CXCL9 particles with PD‐1 antibody (aPD1) and intravenously‐infused tumor‐penetrating peptide iRGD. Immunogel formed drug depots and allowed sustained release of cargo peritumorally while iRGD facilitated tumor infiltration of gel‐released drugs, thus remarkably increasing the amount of CXCL9 and aPD1 in the tumor. CITE induced an effective chemotactic gradient to promote the tumor‐specific migration of CAR‐T cells and boosted the function of infiltrated T cells by blocking immunosuppression via a two‐in‐one approach. Consequently, CITE yielded a 218‐fold increase in the intratumoral number of transferred T cells and substantially improved the efficacies of transferred T cell receptor (TCR)‐T cells and CAR‐T cells in multiple syngeneic tumor models, including immunologically “cold” tumors, in immunocompetent mice. More importantly, CITE enhanced systemic antitumor immunity and elicited immune memory, enabling CITE to treat multimodal, metastatic, and recurrent tumors. CITE is broadly applicable to adoptive cell therapies involving CAR‐T or TCR‐T cells.
Polyphenol‐Copper Derived Self‐Cascade Nanozyme Hydrogel in Boosting Oxygenation and Robust Revascularization for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Wen Mengyao , Wang Tianyi , Li Na , Wu Yifeng , Zhang Lianbing , Xue Yumeng , Shang Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe regeneration of hypoxia‐impaired chronic tissue defects has long been challenging, mainly due to the inefficiency of oxygenation and the limited biological activity of existing oxygen delivery systems in regulating dynamic tissue regeneration process. Herein, a novel polyphenol‐copper coordination strategy to fabricate bioactive superoxide dismutase‐catalase self‐cascade nanozymes (SalB‐CuNCs) is reported, which can serve as an in situ oxygenator and induce angiogenesis simultaneously. The copper‐phenolic hydroxyl coordination structure in SalB‐CuNCs plays a critical role in promoting the enzyme‐like cascade reaction via catechol‐mediated Cu valence state transition and substrate capture mechanism. Furthermore, after incorporating SalB‐CuNCs into a Schiff base hydrogel (COC@SalB‐Cu), the resulting system exhibits outstanding antioxidant and robust oxygenation effect in mitigating the hypoxic microenvironment. Benefiting from the intrinsic angiogenic activity of SalB and copper, COC@SalB‐Cu hydrogel can induce a more complete tube formation by up‐regulating the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (CD31), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In vivo experiments further demonstrate that the COC@SalB‐Cu hydrogel can significantly restore the oxygen and blood supply, leading to fast tissue regeneration. The present strategy holds enormous promise for the treatment of hypoxia‐related chronic tissue defects and vascular injury in the field of regenerative medicine.
In Situ Exsolution of Quaternary Alloy Nanoparticles for CO2‐CO Mutual Conversion Using Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Luo Yao , Zhang Dong , Liu Tong , Chang Xu , Wang Jietao , Wang Yao , Gu Xiang‐Kui , Ding Mingyue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReversible solid oxide cell is a promising energy storage and conversion device for CO2‐CO mutual conversion, with simplified cell configuration and performance stability. One key technical challenge is the lack of catalytically active and carbon‐tolerant fuel electrodes. The other one is still a lack of the kinetics mechanism and the redox stability of the active interface. Herein, the findings of a fuel electrode composed of a Sr2Fe1.0Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Mo0.4O6‐δ medium‐entropy perovskite matrix decorated with in situ exsolved Fe‐Co‐Ni‐Cu quaternary alloy nanoparticles (QA@SFO) are reported. Under a reducing atmosphere, the exsolution of the quaternary alloy is accompanied by a structural transformation from double perovskite to layered perovskite, forming an interface structure where alloy nanoparticles are strongly pinned to the substrate with abundant oxygen vacancies. Electrochemically, the highly active sites provided by the QA@SFO interface greatly enhance the kinetics of CO2‐CO mutual conversion and exhibit outstanding durability for over 300 h at 1.3 V and 800 °C. Moreover, first‐principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations from the atomic scale further elucidate the impressive electrocatalytic activity and stability and reveal that Fe and Ni in exsolved nanoparticles enhance the electrocatalytic activity, and the strong binding of Co and Cu to the parent improves the interfacial stability.
Donor–Acceptor Modulating of Ionic AIE Photosensitizers for Enhanced ROS Generation and NIR‐II Emission
Authors: Yang Xueqin , Wang Xinyuan , Zhang Xun , Zhang Jianyu , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sun Haitao , Yang Jinglei , Liang Yongye , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotosensitizers (PSs) with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics are competitive candidates for bioimaging and therapeutic applications. However, their short emission wavelength and nonspecific organelle targeting hinder their therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, a donor–acceptor modulation approach is reported to construct a series of ionic AIE photosensitizers with enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes and fluorescent emission in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window. By employing dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole (DTP) and indolium (In) as the strong donor and acceptor, respectively, the compound DTP‐In exhibits a substantial redshift in absorption and fluorescent emission reach to NIR‐II region. The reduced energy gap between singlet and triplet states in DTP‐In also increases the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation rate. Further, DTP‐In can self‐assemble in aqueous solutions, forming positively charged nanoaggregates, which are superior to conventional encapsulated nanoparticles in cellular uptake and mitochondrial targeting. Consequently, DTP‐In aggregates show efficient photodynamic ablation of 4T1 cancer cells and outstanding tumor theranostic in vivo under 660 nm laser irradiation. This work highlights the potential of molecular engineering of donor–acceptor AIE PSs with multiple functionalities, thereby facilitating the development of more effective strategies for cancer therapy.
Optimizing Ionomer Distribution in Anode Catalyst Layer for Stable Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Liu Han , Wang Xinhui , Lao Kejie , Wen Linrui , Huang Meiquan , Liu Jiawei , Hu Tian , Hu Bo , Xie Shunji , Li Shuirong , Fang Xiaoliang , Zheng Nanfeng , Tao Hua Bing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe high cost of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) originates from the usage of precious materials, insufficient efficiency, and lifetime. In this work, an important degradation mechanism of PEMWE caused by dynamics of ionomers over time in anode catalyst layer (ACL), which is a purely mechanical degradation of microstructure, is identified. Contrary to conventional understanding that the microstructure of ACL is static, the micropores are inclined to be occupied by ionomers due to the localized swelling/creep/migration, especially near the ACL/PTL (porous transport layer) interface, where they form transport channels of reactant/product couples. Consequently, the ACL with increased ionomers at PTL/ACL interface exhibit rapid and continuous degradation. In addition, a close correlation between the microstructure of ACL and the catalyst ink is discovered. Specifically, if more ionomers migrate to the top layer of the ink, more ionomers accumulate at the ACL/PEM interface, leaving fewer ionomers at the ACL/PTL interface. Therefore, the ionomer distribution in ACL is successfully optimized, which exhibits reduced ionomers at the ACL/PTL interface and enriches ionomers at the ACL/PEM interface, reducing the decay rate by a factor of three when operated at 2.0 A cm−2 and 80 °C. The findings provide a general way to achieve low‐cost hydrogen production.
Iron‐Catalyzed C−C and C−N Bond‐Forming Tandem Amidation Offering Access to 3‐Amino‐3‐Aminomethyl‐2‐Oxindole Frameworks
Authors: Ankade Shidheshwar B. , Pradhan Chandini , Paramita Samal Pragnya , Gonnade Rajesh G , Krishnamurty Sailaja , Punji Benudhar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn iron‐catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of 3‐amino‐3‐aminomethyl‐2‐oxindole heterocyclic structures is disclosed employing isatins and non‐nucleophilic N‐methoxybenzamides. This reaction class is associated with broad scope and tolerates numerous functionalities, such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoromethyl, nitrile, ester, ether, and alkenyl, including heteroaryl – thiophene, benzothiophene, carbazolyl, indolyl, eugenol, and polycyclic cholesterol moieties. Detailed mechanistic investigations reveal that the reaction proceeds via iron‐catalyzed N−O bond cleavage in N‐methoxybenzamides, generating formaldehyde and benzamide, and through the intermediacy of isatin‐ketimines and N‐(hydroxymethyl)benzamides. Overall, this amidation reaction involves one C−C and two C−N bond‐forming tandem processes, providing a range of β‐amino‐aminomethyl‐oxindoles (45 examples) in up to 88% yields.
Value‐Added Cascade Synthesis Mediated by Paired‐Electrolysis Using an Ultrathin Microenvironment‐Inbuilt Metalized Covalent Organic Framework Heterojunction
Authors: Li Qing , Ma Dong‐Dong , Wei Wen‐Bo , Han Shu‐Guo , Zheng Lirong , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnergy‐saving and value‐added management in advanced catalysis is highly desirable but is challenged by the limitations of multifunctional catalysts and catalytic modules. Herein, an azo‐linked phthalocyanine‐porphyrin covalent organic framework (COF) with the ultrathin layered nanostructure grown on carbon nanotubes (NiPc‐azo‐H2Pp@CNTs) has been designed and synthesized, which can serve as a highly active and stable bifunctional heterojunction electrocatalyst for selective paired‐electrosynthesis through coupling anodic iodide oxidation reaction and cathodic CO2 conversion. Particularly, the inbuilt local microenvironment conferred by the dihydroporphyrin moieties in COF can act as a proton reservoir to promote the proton relay at the heterojunction interface during the electrocatalytic process. Moreover, through the cascade construction of dual electrocatalytic/organocatalytic modules, the cathode‐generated CO can be further converted to dimethyl carbonate with a yield of 6.21 mmol L−1 h−1, while the anode‐produced iodine can be derived into iodoform on the hundred‐milligram scale. It is worth noting that the value‐added cascade synthesis mediated by paired‐electrolysis using the distinctive and high‐powered electrocatalysts will help advance the sustainable development of industrial intelligent manufacturing.
Management of post‐autologous transplant relapse in patients with T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Veilleux Olivier , Socola Francisco , Arai Sally , Frank Matthew J. , Johnston Laura , Lowsky Robert , Shizuru Judith , Meyer Everett , Muffly Lori , Rezvani Andrew R. , Shiraz Parveen , Sidana Surbhi , Dahiya Saurabh , Miklos David B. , Negrin Robert S. , Weng Wen‐Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) is often used as a consolidation for patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) due to the poor prognosis associated with this heterogenous group of disorders. However, a significant number of patients will experience post‐AHCT disease relapse. Here, we report a retrospective study of consecutive 124 patients with PTCLs who underwent AHCT from 2008 to 2020. With a median follow‐up of 6.01 years following AHCT, 49 patients (40%) experienced disease relapse. As expected, more patients who were not in first complete remission experienced post‐AHCT relapse. Following relapse, majority of the patients (70%) receiving systemic therapies intended as bridging to curative allogeneic HCT. However, only 18 (53%) patients eventually underwent allogeneic HCT. The estimated 3‐year OS among patients proceeding to allogeneic HCT was 72% (95% CI 46%–87%). Our report details the pattern of post‐AHCT relapse and the management of relapsed disease using different therapeutic modalities.
Veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by nitrogen dioxide inhalation: A case report
Authors: Nishimura Tomoya , Aoki Makoto , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Hagiwara Hiroya , Kawauchi Akira , Fujizuka Kenji , Nakamura Mitsunobu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNitrogen dioxide (NO2) is known to cause lung injury, but there is no established treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by NO2 inhalation.Case PresentationA 35‐year‐old man was accidentally exposed to NO2 fumes and presented to the emergency department. On admission, his oxygen saturation was 87% on ambient air and he was diagnosed with ARDS caused by NO2 inhalation and immediately intubated; however, hypoxemia and hypercapnia were not ameliorated. Hence, veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO) was introduced and the ventilator settings were set for lung‐protective ventilation. Methylprednisolone was also administered. After the initiation of these treatments, oxygenation gradually improved. Therefore, ECMO was weaned off on day 11 and he was extubated on day 12.ConclusionLung injury caused by NO2 inhalation can cause ARDS, and lung‐protective ventilation with V‐V ECMO induction, as well as glucocorticoid administration, may be effective for this condition.
Discovery of a Plant 14‐3‐3 Inhibitor Possessing Isoform Selectivity and In Planta Activity
Authors: Nishiyama Kotaro , Aihara Yusuke , Suzuki Takehiro , Takahashi Koji , Kinoshita Toshinori , Dohmae Naoshi , Sato Ayato , Hagihara Shinya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSynthetic modulators of plant 14‐3‐3s are promising chemical tools both for understanding the 14‐3‐3‐related signaling pathways and controlling plant physiology. Herein, we describe a novel small‐molecule inhibitor for 14‐3‐3 proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana. The inhibitor was identified from unexpected products in a stock solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) of an in‐house chemical library. Mass spectroscopy, mutant‐based analyses, fluorescence polarization assays, and thermal shift assays revealed that the inhibitor covalently binds to an allosteric site of 14‐3‐3 with isoform selectivity. Moreover, infiltration of the inhibitor to Arabidopsis leaves suppressed the stomatal aperture. The inhibitor should provide new insight into the design of potent and isoform‐selective 14‐3‐3 modulators.
Rapid Defect Engineering in FeCoNi/FeAl2O4 Hybrid for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Catalysis: A Pathway to High‐Performance Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Xu Jiang , Chen Yujie , Wang Luqi , Jiang Shuyun , Xie Zong‐Han , Zhang Tianran , Munroe Paul , Peng Shengjie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRational modulation of surface reconstruction in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) utilizing defect engineering to form efficient catalytic activity centers is a topical interest in the field of catalysis. The introduction of point defects has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to regulate the electronic configuration of electrocatalysts, but the influence of more complex planar defects (e.g., twins and stacking faults), on their intrinsic activity is still not fully understood. This study harnesses ultrasonic cavitation for rapid and controlled introduction of different types of defects in the FeCoNi/FeAl2O4 hybrid coating, optimizing OER catalytic activity. Theoretical calculations and experiments demonstrate that the different defects optimize the coordination environment and facilitate the activation of surface reconstruction into true catalytic activity centers at lower potentials. Moreover, it demonstrates exceptional durability, maintaining stable oxygen production at a high current density of 300 mA cm−2 for over 120 hours. This work not only presents a novel pathway for designing advanced electrocatalysts but also deepens our understanding of defect‐engineered catalytic mechanisms, showcasing the potential for rapid and efficient enhancement of electrocatalytic performance.
Macrocycle‐Based Charge Transfer Cocrystals with Dynamically Reversible Chiral Self‐Sorting Display Chain Length‐Selective Vapochromism to Alkyl Ketones
Authors: Gu Meng‐Jie , Guo Wei‐Chen , Han Xiao‐Ni , Han Ying , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChirality‐driven self‐sorting plays an essential role in controlling the biofunction of biosystems, such as the chiral double‐helix structure of DNA from self‐recognition by hydrogen bonding. However, achieving precise control over the chiral self‐sorted structures and their functional properties for the bioinspired supramolecular systems still remains a challenge, not to mention realizing dynamically reversible regulation. Herein, we report an unprecedented saucer[4]arene‐based charge transfer (CT) cocrystal system with dynamically reversible chiral self‐sorting synergistically induced by chiral triangular macrocycle and organic vapors. It displays efficient chain length‐selective vapochromism toward alkyl ketones due to precise modulation of optical properties by vapor‐induced diverse structural transformations. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the unique vapochromic behavior is mainly attributed to the formation of homo‐ or heterochiral self‐sorted assemblies with different alkyl ketone guests, which differ dramatically in solid‐state superstructures and CT interactions, thus influencing their optical properties. This work highlights the essential role of chiral self‐sorting in controlling the functional properties of synthetic supramolecular systems, and the rarely seen controllable chiral self‐sorting at the solid‐vapor interface deepens the understanding of efficient vapochromic sensors.
A method for assessing student ability to apply anatomical knowledge within a traditional anatomy laboratory examination
Authors: Nolan Michael F. , McNamara John Patrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFidelity between teaching activities and assessment methods is an important goal of knowledge and performance evaluations in medical education. Ideally, assessment methods provide evidence of learning that reflects the types of knowledge described in the learning objectives of the course. The most reliable assessments involve the same or similar tasks as those used during the instructional components of the course. Our preclinical human anatomy course includes, in addition to traditional lecture and cadaver‐based laboratory learning activities, a series of applied human anatomy learning activities intended to emphasize human anatomy as it is encountered in living human individuals. The learning activities involve psychomotor behaviors including inspection, palpation, and auscultation, techniques used in the physical examination, as well as other activities designed to emphasize anatomical structures and tissues as they may be found in patient populations. We describe here our method for measuring student success in learning human anatomy in this manner, highlighting the direct linkage between the learning activities and the assessment tasks. We describe our performance scoring method and how we include this data in the calculation of an anatomy examination grade. As an indicator of our success with this approach, we include performance scores for the applied anatomy questions included on the laboratory component of our unit examinations for two successive academic years. We conclude with summary comments from students regarding the applied anatomy learning activities and assessment approach and offer suggestions for addressing specific challenges associated with the use of these types of assessment methods.