bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing students’ awareness of global climate change: A descriptive and cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fırat Kılıç Hülya , Cevheroğlu Seda , Gök Nur Demet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine nursing students’ awareness of global climate change.DesignThis descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted with 302 undergraduate nursing students from a foundation university in Northern Cyprus during the spring semester of the 2021–2022 academic year. A descriptive information form and the Awareness Scale of University Students about Global Climate Change (ASUSGCC) were used for data collection.ResultsThe mean ASUSGCC score was 3.54 ± 0.64, and the participants received the lowest and highest scores from the awareness of the causes of global climate change (3.54 ± 0.64) and awareness of the effects of global climate change on the natural and human environment (4.03 ± 0.70) subscales, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between the Global Climate Change scores and the year of education, with fourth‐year students obtaining significantly higher scores (p < .05).ConclusionsThe study found that nursing students have a moderate level of awareness of global climate change. To raise the level of awareness among these undergraduates, who will be future healthcare professionals, we recommend including climate change awareness in the national nursing curricula.
Recent Theological Approaches to the Johannine Epistles
Authors: O'Leary Joseph S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract1 John has been rather roughly handled in recent exegesis, notably in Raymond Brown's Anchor Bible commentary, which sees the epistle as badly written, logically incoherent, full of nasty polemics and bereft of any claim to be considered a mystical text. The two books here reviewed mix exegesis and theology in a kind of pincer movement, which succeeds only partly in closing in on the treasures of Johannine contemplation. Despite their limits, the two books reveal a major desideratum of Johannine studies, namely, the need of a theological reading which will both do justice to the power of Johannine thought and connect it with the questions that occupy, or should occupy, theologians today.
Slum Bodies: Leo Tolstoy’s What Should We Do Then?, the Moscow Poor, and Late Nineteenth‐Century Russian Slum Literature
Authors: Nicolosi Riccardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes Tolstoy’s narrative on the Moscow poor in What Should We Do Then? in the context of the tradition of slum literature in late nineteenth‐century Russia. It focuses on the interplay between the human body and the environment in a literary tradition that is heavily influenced by the biomedical discourse of degeneration. It compares then the slum discourse with Tolstoy’s representation of the poor. The argument is that Tolstoy recalls some elements of this discourse with the intention of distancing himself from it and proposing a new perspective on the slum reality. Tolstoy attempts to individualize and differentiate what may initially seem like an amorphous, threatening human mass, in order to highlight the anthropological normality of slum space and its dwellers. This aligns with his philanthropic program based on mutual love between rich and poor. However, his normalization and differentiation strategies eventually collapse due to the persistence of a threatening bodily otherness within the slums. The ultimate failure of Tolstoy’s “naïve” plan for social amelioration is manifested in the persistence of the disturbing degenerate reality of slum bodies and spaces as a mirror image of the monstrosity of society.
Invasive Species: Immunity and Community in Contemporary Outbreak Narratives
Authors: Vaingurt Julia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe word contagion, derived from Latin contagio, the combination of con (“together with”) and tagio (“touch”), suggests a close relationship between the human body and community. It stands to reason, then, that contagion narratives in one way or the other attempt to reflect upon one’s being in the world, with others, whether human or non‐human, and they do so through the theme of communicable disease and shared physical vulnerability. In the last couple of decades, Russian literature has witnessed an uptick in outbreak narratives fueled by anxieties over globalization and the ever‐shrinking distances and ever‐increasing mobility of our “global village.” The paper analyzes two of such recent novels, Vladimir Sorokin’s The Blizzard (2010) and Eduard Verkin’s Sakhalin Island (2018), to examine whether these developments lead the authors to conceptualize new forms of community and communality or, on the contrary, retreat into nostalgic restoration, nationalism, and tribalism.
Characterization of transfusion‐relevant bacteria reference strains in a lyophilized format
Authors: Prax Marcel , McDonald Carl P. , Bekeredjian‐Ding Isabelle , Cloutier Marc , Gravemann Ute , Grothaus Anna , Krut Oleg , Mpumlwana Xoliswa , O'Flaherty Niamh , Satake Masahiro , Stafford Bianca , Suessner Susanne , Vollmer Tanja , Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra ,   the ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party, Subgroup on Bacteria
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlood safety measures used by blood establishments to increase blood component safety can be validated using Transfusion‐Relevant Bacterial Reference Strains (TRBRS). Ultra‐cold storage conditions and manual preparation of the current TRBRS may restrict their practical use. To address this issue, the ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party's Bacterial Subgroup organized an international study to validate TRBRS in a user‐friendly, lyophilised format.Materials and MethodsTwo bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae PEI‐B‐P‐08 and Staphylococcus aureus PEI‐B‐P‐63 were manufactured as lyophilised material. The lyophilised bacteria were distributed to 11 different labs worldwide to assess the robustness for enumeration, identification and determination of growth kinetics in platelet concentrates (PCs).ResultsProduction of lyophilised TRBRS had no impact on the growth properties compared with the traditional format. The new format allows a direct low‐quantity spiking of approximately 30 bacteria in PCs for transfusion‐relevant experiments. In addition, the lyophilised bacteria exhibit long‐term stability across a broad temperature range and can even be directly rehydrated in PCs without losing viability. Interlaboratory comparative study demonstrated the robustness of the new format as 100% of spiked PC exhibited growth.ConclusionLyophilised TRBRS provide a user‐friendly material for transfusion‐related studies. TRBRS in the new format have improved features that may lead to a more frequent use in the quality control of transfusion‐related safety measures in the future.
A topology on E$E$‐theory
Authors: Carrión José R. , Schafhauser Christopher 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor separable ‐algebras and , we define a topology on the set consisting of homotopy classes of asymptotic morphisms from to . This gives an enrichment of the Connes–Higson asymptotic category over topological spaces. We show that the Hausdorffization of this category is equivalent to the shape category of Dadarlat. As an application, we obtain a topology on the ‐theory group with properties analogous to those of the topology on . The Hausdorffized ‐theory group is also introduced and studied. We obtain a continuity result for the functor , which implies a new continuity result for the functor .
Moving Target
Authors: Sukel Kayt 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Several computer-aided design (CAD) and product lifecycle management (PLM) platforms have already added generative capabilities. But AI can do more than help engineers automatically update geometric constraints or scale models for different manufacturing loads. When engineering experts look beyond augmenting the average design engineer’s creative capabilities, they can envision a future where the entire engineering and manufacturing ecosystem is turned on its head.
Beyond the Brew
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering staff
Published: May 2024

Abstract
ASME’s Video Production team recently visited the Montclair Brewery in Montclair, N.J. Uncarbonated beer sits at around 2 psi, while carbonated brews will go anywhere from 10 psi to 20 psi. A pressure relief valve on top of each tank keeps that pressure below 50 psi to avoid explosions.
Bayesian Inference Based on Monte Carlo Technique for Multiplier of Performance Shaping Factor
Authors: Takeda Satoshi , Kitada Takanori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The human error probabilities (HEP) can be estimated using multipliers that correspond to the level of performance shaping factors (PSFs) in the human reliability analysis (HRA). This paper focuses on the adjustment of multipliers through Bayesian inference based on Monte Carlo techniques using the experimental results from simulators. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC) are used as Bayesian inference methods based on Monte Carlo techniques. MCMC is utilized to obtain the posterior distribution of the multipliers. BMC is used for the estimation of the moments of the posterior distribution such as the mean and variance. The results obtained by MCMC and that by BMC well agree with the reference results. As a case study, the data assimilation was performed using the results of the simulator experiment of Halden reactor. The results show that the multiplier changes by the result of a particular scenario and HEP of another scenario that uses the same multiplier also changes by data assimilation. Also, in the case study, the correlation between multipliers is obtained by the data assimilation and the correlation contributes to the reduction of uncertainty of HEP.
Study of Temperature Drop Region in Transitional Region in Fluid-Film Thrust Bearings
Authors: Deng Xin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A thrust bearing is a type of rotary bearing that permits rotation between parts and is designed to support a load parallel to the axis of rotation. There is a temperature drop region with the increase in speed. However, previous researchers mainly showed such temperature drop experimentally, and the physics causing such temperature drop is not understood. A full fluid–solid computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed for a center pivot, tilting pad, and fluid-film thrust-bearing experimental model to study the physics of temperature drop in the transitional region. A novel physics of causing temperature drop in the transitional region was proposed, analyzed, and verified.
Phase 1 drug-drug interaction study to assess the effect of CYP3A4 inhibition and pan-CYP induction on the pharmacokinetics and safety of fosmanogepix in healthy participants
Authors: Hodges Michael R. , van Marle Sjoerd , Kramer William G. , Ople Eric , Tawadrous Margaret , Jakate Abhijeet 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to fungal infections, and drug-drug interactions with antifungals may occur due to concomitant medications. Fosmanogepix [FMGX; active moiety manogepix (MGX)] targets glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mannoprotein synthesis and maturation, essential for fungal virulence. This phase 1, fixed-sequence study in healthy participants evaluated the effect of strong CYP3A4 inhibitor itraconazole [Cohort 1 (
n
= 18); FMGX 500 mg intravenous (IV) twice a day (BID )+ itraconazole 200 mg oral once a day (QD)] and pan-CYP inducer rifampin [Cohort 2 (
n
= 18); FMGX 1,000 mg IV BID + rifampin 600 mg oral QD] on the pharmacokinetics of FMGX and MGX. In cohort 1, geometric mean (GM) MGX C
max
, AUC
0-t
, and AUC
inf
were almost similar with and without itraconazole administration. In Cohort 2, GM MGX C
max
was slightly lower and AUC
0-t
and AUC
inf
were significantly lower after rifampin administration, with the least squares GM ratio associated 90% confidence intervals (CIs) below 80 – 125% (no effect window). No deaths, serious adverse events (SAEs), or FMGX-related withdrawals were reported. In both cohorts, a total of 188 AEs (
n
= 30; 186 mild; two moderate) were reported. In all, 37 of 188 AEs (
n
= 12) were considered FMGX related (most frequent: headache, nausea, and hot flush). Administration of FMGX alone and with itraconazole or rifampin was safe and well tolerated. A strong CYP3A4 inhibitor had no effect on FMGX or MGX exposure. A strong pan-CYP inducer had no effect on FMGX exposure but demonstrated ~45% decrease in MGX exposure.

CLINICAL TRIALS

This study is registered with

ClinicalTrials.gov
as
NCT04166669

and with

EudraCT

as number 2019-003586-17.
Targeting host O-linked glycan biosynthesis affects Ebola virus replication efficiency and reveals differential GalNAc-T acceptor site preferences on the Ebola virus glycoprotein
Authors: Bagdonaite Ieva , Abdurahman Samir , Mirandola Mattia , Pasqual Denis , Frank Martin , Narimatsu Yoshiki , Joshi Hiren J. , Vakhrushev Sergey Y. , Salata Cristiano , Mirazimi Ali , Wandall Hans H. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) is one of the most heavily O-glycosylated viral glycoproteins, yet we still lack a fundamental understanding of the structure of its large O-glycosylated mucin-like domain and to what degree the host O-glycosylation capacity influences EBOV replication. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 47 O-glycosites on EBOV GP and found similar glycosylation signatures on virus-like particle- and cell lysate-derived GP. Furthermore, we performed quantitative differential O-glycoproteomics on proteins produced in wild-type HEK293 cells and cell lines ablated for the three key initiators of O-linked glycosylation, GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3. The data show that 12 out of the 47 O-glycosylated sites were regulated, predominantly by GalNAc-T1. Using the glycoengineered cell lines for authentic EBOV propagation, we demonstrate the importance of O-linked glycan initiation and elongation for the production of viral particles and the titers of progeny virus. The mapped O-glycan positions and structures allowed to generate molecular dynamics simulations probing the largely unknown spatial arrangements of the mucin-like domain. The data highlight targeting
GALNT1
or
C1GALT1C1
as a possible way to modulate O-glycan density on EBOV GP for novel vaccine designs and tailored intervention approaches.

IMPORTANCE
Ebola virus glycoprotein acquires its extensive glycan shield in the host cell, where it is decorated with N-linked glycans and mucin-type O-linked glycans. The latter is initiated by a family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases that have different preferences for optimal peptide substrates resulting in a spectrum of both very selective and redundant substrates for each isoform. In this work, we map the exact locations of O-glycans on Ebola virus glycoprotein and identify subsets of sites preferentially initiated by one of the three key isoforms of GalNAc-Ts, demonstrating that each enzyme contributes to the glycan shield integrity. We further show that altering host O-glycosylation capacity has detrimental effects on Ebola virus replication, with both isoform-specific initiation and elongation playing a role. The combined structural and functional data highlight glycoengineered cell lines as useful tools for investigating molecular mechanisms imposed by specific glycans and for steering the immune responses in future vaccine designs.
Draft genome sequence of
Escherichia coli
MTR_GS_S1457 strain isolated from a soil sample of a vegetable garden in Gazipur, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Pramanik Pritom Kumar , Rana Md. Liton , Ullah Md. Ashek , Neloy Fahim Haque , Ramasamy Srinivasan , Schreinemachers Pepijn , Oliva Ricardo , Rahman Md. Tanvir 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

We announce the sequence of the
Escherichia coli
MTR_GS_S1457 strain isolated from a soil sample of a vegetable gardening system for the first time in Bangladesh. With a length of 4,918,647 bp, this strain contained one plasmid, two CRISPR arrays, 54 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 81 predicted virulence factor genes.
Mammalian orthoreovirus capsid protein σ3 antagonizes RLR-mediated antiviral responses by degrading MAVS
Authors: Li Dianyu , Mo Rongqian , Li Xiaoyi , Cheng Rongrong , Xie Jingying , Li Hongshan , Yang Yanmei , Li Shasha , Li Huixia , Yan Zhenfang , Wei Suocheng , Idris Adi , Li Xiangrong , Feng Ruofei 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) outer capsid protein σ3 is a multifunctional protein containing a double-stranded RNA-binding domain, which facilitates viral entry and assembly. We reasoned that σ3 has an innate immune evasion function. Here, we show that σ3 protein localizes in the mitochondria and interacts with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to activate the intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Consequently, σ3 protein promotes the degradation of MAVS through the intrinsic caspase-9/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. Moreover, σ3 protein can also inhibit the expression of the components of the RNA-sensing retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway to block antiviral type I interferon responses. Mechanistically, σ3 inhibits RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 expression is independent of its inhibitory effect on MAVS. Overall, we demonstrate that the MRV σ3 protein plays a vital role in negatively regulating the RLR signaling pathway to inhibit antiviral responses. This enables MRV to evade host defenses to facilitate its own replication providing a target for the development of effective antiviral drugs against MRV.

IMPORTANCE
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, but the regulatory role of its viral proteins in retinoic acid-inducible gene-like receptor (RLR)-mediated antiviral responses is still poorly understood. Herein, we show that MRV σ3 protein co-localizes with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) in the mitochondria and promotes the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway to cleave and consequently degrade MAVS. Furthermore, tryptophan at position 133 of σ3 protein plays a key role in the degradation of MAVS. Importantly, we show that MRV outer capsid protein σ3 is a key factor in antagonizing RLR-mediated antiviral responses, providing evidence to better unravel the infection and transmission mechanisms of MRV.
Microbiome depletion and recovery in the sea anemone,
Exaiptasia diaphana
, following antibiotic exposure
Authors: MacVittie Sophie , Doroodian Saam , Alberto Aaron , Sogin Maggie 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Microbial species that comprise host-associated microbiomes play an essential role in maintaining and mediating the health of plants and animals. While defining the role of individual or even complex communities is important toward quantifying the effect of the microbiome on host health, it is often challenging to develop causal studies that link microbial populations to changes in host fitness. Here, we investigated the impacts of reduced microbial load following antibiotic exposure on the fitness of the anemone,
Exaiptasia diaphana
and subsequent recovery of the host’s microbiome. Anemones were exposed to two different types of antibiotic solutions for 3 weeks and subsequently held in sterilized seawater for a 3-week recovery period. Our results revealed that both antibiotic treatments reduced the overall microbial load during and up to 1 week post-treatment. The observed reduction in microbial load was coupled with reduced anemone biomass, halted asexual reproduction rates, and for one of the antibiotic treatments, the partial removal of the anemone’s algal symbiont. Finally, our amplicon sequencing results of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that anemone bacterial composition only shifted in treated individuals during the recovery phase of the experiment, where we also observed a significant reduction in the overall diversity of the microbial community. Our work implies that the
E. diaphana’s
microbiome contributes to host fitness and that the recovery of the host’s microbiome following disturbance with antibiotics leads to a reduced, but stable microbial state.

IMPORTANCE

Exaiptasia diaphana
is an emerging model used to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms of coral-algal symbioses.
E. diaphana
also houses a diverse microbiome, consisting of hundreds of microbial partners with undefined function. Here, we applied antibiotics to quantify the impact of microbiome removal on host fitness as well as define trajectories in microbiome recovery following disturbance. We showed that reduction of the microbiome leads to negative impacts on host fitness, and that the microbiome does not recover to its original composition while held under aseptic conditions. Rather the microbiome becomes less diverse, but more consistent across individuals. Our work is important because it suggests that anemone microbiomes play a role in maintaining host fitness, that they are susceptible to disturbance events, and that it is possible to generate gnotobiotic individuals that can be leveraged in microbiome manipulation studies to investigate the role of individual species on host health.
Long-term follow-up of relapse and remission of CIDP in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Niu Jingwen , Zhang Lei , Hu Nan , Cui Liying , Liu Mingsheng 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveWe aim to describe the long-term outcome of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) after immune treatment in a Chinese cohort.MethodsBetween March 2015 and March 2023, 89 patients fulfilling the criteria for CIDP were followed up for a median of 22 months after treatment. Nine had positive antibodies against nodal-paranodal cell-adhesion molecules. Patients were treated according to clinical requirements with prednisone, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and/or immunosuppressant.ResultsA total of 78/89 patients had decreased inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment (INCAT) scores at the last follow-up. For CIDP patients treated with steroids, 35 were stable without relapse after cessation or with a small maintenance dose; 2 relapsed at a high dose (20 mg/day); 15 relapsed at a low dosage (<20 mg/day) and 11 did not respond. The INCAT before treatment was significantly lower in those without relapse (median INCAT 2 vs 3, p=0.030). IVIg was effective in 37/52 CIDP patients. 28 CIDP patients and 4 autoimmune nodopathy patients were treated with immunosuppressants. The average INCAT was 3.3±1.9 before and 1.9±1.3 after immunosuppressant treatment (p=0.001) in CIDP.ConclusionThe long-term prognosis of CIDP patients was generally favourable. Nearly half of our patients treated with steroid were stable without relapse after cessation or with a small maintenance dose. The risk of relapse was higher in those with high INCAT. We recommend slowly tapering prednisone based on clinical judgement.