bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal and glial dysfunction, white matter hyperintensities and cognition in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lee Ann J , Howard Erica , Saltiel Nicole , Hayes Jasmeet P , Hayes Scott M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined associations between multiple fluid biomarkers of neuronal and glial dysfunction (plasma neurofilament light chain, CSF growth-associated protein 43 and CSF soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2), total white matter hyperintensity volume and episodic memory and executive function performance in the context of Alzheimer’s disease biomarker status. A total of 563 participants (mean age = 71.9 years, standard deviation = 7.2) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were classified by the amyloid-β/tau/neurodegeneration framework into no Alzheimer’s disease pathology (n = 176), suspected non-Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology (n = 87) or Alzheimer’s disease continuum (n = 300) groups. Participants completed baseline neuropsychological assessment, plasma/CSF biomarker collection and MRI. Analyses explored the relative contributions of biomarkers to episodic memory and executive function performance and whether relationships varied by amyloid-β/tau/neurodegeneration group status. Across all participants, neurofilament light chain (β^= −0.14, P &lt; 0.001) and growth-associated protein 43 (β^= −0.13, P &lt; 0.001) were the strongest biomarkers associated with episodic memory performance, such that greater levels were associated with worse episodic memory. There was a group by growth-associated protein 43 interaction with episodic memory: greater growth-associated protein 43 was associated with lower episodic memory performance in participants classified as Alzheimer’s disease continuum relative to the no Alzheimer’s disease pathology group (β^= −0.26, P &lt; 0.001). No robust associations between biomarkers and executive function performance or between soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, white matter hyperintensity volume and cognition were observed. Biomarkers of neuro-axonal injury and synaptic dysfunction may independently contribute to episodic memory performance across participants with differing amyloid-β/tau/neurodegeneration profiles. Growth-associated protein 43 may predict worse episodic memory performance in participants with greater Alzheimer’s disease pathology. These biomarkers of neuronal dysfunction may serve as domain-specific cognitive correlates in the context of Alzheimer’s disease biomarker status.
Transport numbers of polyion and counterion for aqueous dispersions of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers
Authors: Kanamori Rentaro , Watanabe Kaito , Yamagata Yoshifumi , Miyamoto Keisuke , Kawai Mika , Mitsumata Tetsu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The electric conductivity for aqueous dispersions of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofiber sodium salt (NaTOCN) was investigated to clarify the transport number of polyion TOCN− and counterion Na+. The transport number of TOCN− for NaTOCN with high aspect ratio was determined to be 0.84, suggesting that most of the electrical transport is due to the migration of polyions.
Experimental evolution in maize with replicated divergent selection identifies two plant-height-associated regions
Authors: Tost Mila , Westhues Cathy , Morrison Ginnie , Kaufmann Dietrich , Beissinger Timothy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Experimental evolution studies are common in agricultural research, where they are often deemed “long-term selection.” These are often used to perform selection mapping, which involves identifying markers that were putatively under selection based on finding signals of selection left in the genome. A challenge of previous selection mapping studies, especially in agricultural research, has been the specification of robust significance thresholds. This is in large part because long-term selection studies in crops have rarely included replication. Usually, significance thresholds in long-term selection experiments are based on outliers from an empirical distribution. This approach is prone to missing true positives or including false positives. Under laboratory conditions with model species, replicated selection has been shown to be a powerful tool, especially for the specification of significance thresholds. Another challenge is that commonly used single-marker-based statistics may identify neutral linked loci which have hitchhiked along with regions that are actually under selection. In this study, we conducted divergent, replicated selection for short and tall plant height in a random-mating maize population under real field conditions. Selection of the 5% tallest and shortest plants was conducted for 3 generations. Significance thresholds were specified using the false discovery rate for selection (FDRfS) based on a window-based statistic applied to a statistic leveraging replicated selection (FSTSum). Overall, we found 2 significant regions putatively under selection. One region was located on chromosome 3 close to the plant-height genes Dwarf1 and iAA8. We applied a haplotype block analysis to further dissect the pattern of selection in significant regions of the genome. We observed patterns of strong selection in the subpopulations selected for short plant height on chromosome 3.
Unraveling the Neural Code: Analysis of Large-Scale Two-Photon Microscopy Data
Authors: Saito Yoshihito , Osako Yuma , Murayama Masanori 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The brain is an intricate neuronal network that orchestrates our thoughts, emotions, and actions through dynamic interactions between neurons. If we could record the activity of all neurons simultaneously in detail, it could revolutionize our understanding of brain function and lead to breakthroughs in treating neurological diseases. Recent technological innovations, particularly in large field-of-view two-photon microscopes, have made it possible to record the activity of tens of thousands of neurons simultaneously. However, the size and complexity of the datasets present significant challenges in extracting interpretable information. Conventional analysis methods are often insufficient, necessitating the development of new theoretical frameworks and computational efficiencies. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the data obtained from advanced imaging techniques and discuss analytical methods to facilitate mutual understanding between experimentalists and theorists. This interdisciplinary approach is crucial for effectively managing and interpreting large-scale neural activity datasets, ultimately advancing our understanding of brain function.
Farmers' attitudes toward economic experimentation
Authors: Englberger Leon , Colen Liesbeth , Rommel Jens 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Economic experiments have gained popularity in Agricultural Economics. However, challenges in recruitment and acceptance of experimental methods among farmers persist. Surveying 406 Swedish farmers, we explore farmers’ attitudes toward different types and features of economic experiments. Only a quarter of participants accept a randomized controlled trial on agri-environmental schemes where a control group is excluded from payment eligibility. When the randomization varies the size of payments, acceptance drops to only seven percent. Despite being standard practice in lab-in-the-field experiments, farmers strongly reject behavior-contingent payments. Engaging farmers during study design and sharing results with them can ameliorate recruitment challenges.
iPSC‐derived human cortical organoids display profound alterations of cellular homeostasis following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and Spike protein exposure
Authors: Cappelletti Gioia , Brambilla Lorenzo , Strizzi Sergio , Limanaqi Fiona , Melzi Valentina , Rizzuti Mafalda , Nizzardo Monica , Saulle Irma , Trabattoni Daria , Corti Stefania , Clerici Mario , Biasin Mara 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCOVID‐19 commonly leads to respiratory issues, yet numerous patients also exhibit a diverse range of neurological conditions, suggesting a detrimental impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 or the viral Spike protein on the central nervous system. Nonetheless, the molecular pathway behind neurological pathology and the presumed neurotropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 remains largely unexplored. We generated human cortical organoids (HCOs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) to assess: (1) the expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 main entry factors; (2) their vulnerability to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; and (3) the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and exposure to the Spike protein on their transcriptome. Results proved that (1) HCOs express the main SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors and co‐receptors; (2) HCOs may be productively infected by SARS‐CoV‐2; (3) the viral particles released by SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected HCOs are able to re‐infect another cellular line; and (4) the infection resulted in the activation of apoptotic and stress pathways, along with inflammatory processes. Notably, these effects were recapitulated when HCOs were exposed to the Spike protein alone. The data obtained demonstrate that SARS‐CoV‐2 likely infects HCOs probably through the binding of ACE2, CD147, and NRP1 entry factors. Furthermore, exposure to the Spike protein alone proved sufficient to disrupt their homeostasis and induce neurotoxic effects, potentially contributing to the onset of long‐COVID symptoms.
Mechanism of O‐GlcNAcylation regulating liver lipid synthesis in mice through FASN
Authors: Li Xiaoshuang , Zhang Ziyang , Zhang Meng , Cao Yu , Zhou Wanhui , Kou Lele , Guo Wenjin , Zhang Boxi , Li Shize , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases. O‐Linked attachment of beta‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) are ubiquitous post‐translational modifications of proteins as “nutrient sensors” and “stress receptors” in the body that are involved in maintaining normal cellular physiological functions. Increased levels of O‐GlcNAcylation have been found in the liver samples of patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the role of O‐GlcNAcylation in the development and pathogenesis of NAFLD remains unclear. Here, we sought to determine the specific role of O‐GlcNAcylation in NAFLD. In this study, the results demonstrated that inhibition of O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) led to decreased expression of liver lipid synthesis genes and proteins in vitro. In addition, we showed that fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression was positively correlated with O‐GlcNAcylation levels. Immunoprecipitation and pulldown assays confirmed the interaction between FASN and OGT at the serine 1483 of FASN, to inhibit K48‐linked ubiquitination and degradation of FASN, thereby promoting hepatic lipid accumulation and the development of NAFLD. Administration of the OGT inhibitor OSMI‐1 to ob/ob mice led to decreased liver lipid accumulation, further confirming our in vitro experimental results. Finally, we used liver‐specific Ogt gene knockout mice fed a high‐fat diet to elucidate the specific mechanism of O‐GlcNAcylation on NAFLD and found that knockdown of the Ogt gene led to decreased liver lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our findings show that inhibiting the O‐GlcNAcylation of FASN at the S1483 site promotes the K48‐linked ubiquitination and degradation of FASN and leads to inhibition of lipid accumulation in the liver. Treatment with the OGT inhibitor OSMI‐1 leads to decreased lipid accumulation in the liver, suggesting that targeting O‐GlcNAcylation sites could be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating NAFLD.
Vertical Video-based Gait Analysis for Assessment of Transverse Plane Motion: Reliability and Validity in a Neuromuscular Population
Authors: Olleac Ramiro , Centeno Bernardo , Duffy Clara , Nuñez Marcos , Crespo Marcos , Barrios Lucas M. , Davids Jon R. , Kulkarni Vedant A. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
In the absence of 3-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA), assessment of transverse plane motion of the lower extremity from sagittal and coronal video has a high degree of error. We propose a standardized method through vertical video-based gait analysis (VVGA) to assess the position of the pelvis and lower extremity in the transversal plane. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of VVGA compared with 3DGA for transverse plane kinematics.

Methods:
VVGA and 3DGA were obtained simultaneously on subjects between the ages of 6 and 35 referred to a motion analysis center. Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and Gait Profile Score (GPS) were used to estimate overall gait deviation of the subjects. Three raters at different levels of experience performed VVGA on all patients utilizing a standardized technique. Inter-rater and intrarater reliability was calculated using interclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Mean absolute difference (MAD) between VVGA measurements and 3DGA data was calculated for each body-segment.

Results:
Twenty-six patients (median age: 12 y, 61.53% male) with neuromuscular disorders participated in the study, with the majority (65%) having cerebral palsy. The mean GDI of the subject group was 80.7 and the mean GPS was 1082, indicating a neuromuscular cohort with significant gait deviations. Inter-rater and intrarater reliabilities were excellent, with ICC ranging from 0.94 to 0.99. The overall MAD between VVGA analysis and 3DGA was 4.90 degrees, indicating a clinically acceptable overall error. Segment-specific errors were 4.63 degrees for pelvis rotation, 5.35 degrees for hip rotation, and 4.70 degrees for foot progression.

Conclusions:
VVGA is an accurate and reliable method for assessing the transverse plane position of the pelvis, hip, and foot when utilizing a standardized method of collection and data analysis. Further study is required to assess whether this technique can be used for surgical decision-making or outcome assessment.
Process-Focused Approach to Reduce Central Line Bloodstream Infections in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Kovar Lacey , Patterson Tiffany , Cline Amber , Hilton Brittany , Seigman Kelsey , McMenamy Sarah , Malinowski Kimberly 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
In 2022, our pediatric and women's medical center observed a 166.67% increase in central line bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in the pediatric population. A quality-focused group was initiated to implement changes to reduce CLABSIs.

Methods:
Hand hygiene compliance, creating resource tools, implementing CLABSI prevention competencies, and CLABSI bundle audits were used as interventions.

Results:
Our institution's CLABSI rate decreased 71% from 1.59 CLABSIs per 1,000 central line days in 2022 to 0.46 CLABSIs per 1,000 central line days in 2023.

Conclusions:
A multifaceted approach with unit focus allowed our institution to decrease the number of CLABSIs in the pediatric and neonatal units.
Cough-induced rectus sheath hematoma in a healthy adult male – a case report
Authors: Jaishi Sushma , Chhetri Susmita Khadka , Thapa Susant , Suraj K.C. , Khanal Bhawani 
Published: February 2025

Introduction and importance:
Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a rare and underdiagnosed condition that can mimic more serious causes of acute abdominal pain leading to unnecessary surgery or delay in management. It occurs due to bleeding within the rectus sheath, often caused by the rupture of epigastric vessels or rectus abdominis muscle.

Case presentation:
In the case presented in this study, a 47-year-old man presented with acute left upper quadrant pain and a painful abdominal mass following a severe coughing episode. Imaging confirmed a rectus sheath hematoma. Conservative management, including bed rest and pain relief, led to recovery. At follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and advised to quit smoking.

Discussion:
Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain, often triggered by coughing, sneezing, or vomiting. Risk factors include hypertension, obesity, and anticoagulant use. This case highlights a RSH in the left upper quadrant, a less common site diagnosed through ultrasound and CT. While most cases are managed conservatively, surgical intervention is necessary in complicated cases.

Conclusion:
Rectus sheath hematoma, though uncommon, should be considered in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain and a history of intense coughing even in absence of abdominal trauma or anticoagulant therapy.
One-Year Outcomes in Prepectoral versus Subpectoral Alloplastic Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Vingan Perri S. , Kim Minji , Boe Lillian A. , Coriddi Michelle R. , Allen Robert J. , Disa Joseph J. , Stern Carrie S. , Matros Evan , Mehrara Babak J. , Nelson Jonas A. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Prepectoral and subpectoral approaches to implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) are both reliable options for patients following mastectomy. In this study, we aim to compare one-year complication rates, additional/revision procedures, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between two-stage prepectoral or subpectoral IBBR through propensity matching.

Methods:
Female patients who underwent prepectoral or subpectoral two-stage IBBR from January 2017 to June 2022 with BREAST-Q scores available 1 year after exchange were reviewed. Complication rates, additional/revision procedures at the time of exchange and within 1 year of exchange, and BREAST-Q scores preoperatively and at 1-year were compared between patient groups. Propensity score-matched analyses were used to reduce possible confounding or selection bias related to non-randomized treatment assignment of patients.

Results:
Of 1,732 overall patients, 878 patients were included in the matched analysis (439 in each cohort.) Prepectoral patients had significantly higher rates of implant-related cellulitis/infection (5.5% vs. 1.8%, p=0.008) and implant exposure (2.3% vs 0.2%, p=0.016) compared to subpectoral patients, and more commonly had fat grafting at the time of the exchange procedure. Physical Well-being of the Chest at 1-year was significantly higher in the prepectoral patients (80 (IQR64,92) vs. 76 (64,85), p<0.001). No other differences in BREAST-Q outcomes were observed.

Conclusion:
In this powered analysis comparing prepectoral and subpectoral implant reconstruction at one year, we found that prepectoral patients experience higher rates of complications such as infection or implant exposure following implant exchange but have improved health related quality of life as defined by the BREAST-Q Physical Well-being of the Chest domain.
Association of Patient Sex With Inpatient Mortality After Elective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chandrupatla Sumanth R. , Singh Jasvinder A. 
Published: February 2025

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the association between patient sex and discharge disposition as well as inpatient mortality following elective primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis (OA) in the United States.

Methods
This study used the 2016–2019 US National Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative dataset, to conduct a cross-sectional study. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association of sex with discharge disposition and in-hospital mortality after elective primary THA for OA, adjusting for demographics, comorbidity, social determinants of health (income, insurance payer), hospital characteristics (bed size, location/teaching status, region, control), and postprocedural complications (for mortality and discharge disposition).

Results
There were 1,507,085 elective primary THA hospitalizations for OA in the 2016–2019 National Inpatient Sample data. The mean age was 65.6 years, 55.7% were female, and the mean Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index score was 0.6. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, compared with male sex, female sex was associated with nonhome discharge, but not with in-hospital mortality following elective THA for OA; the adjusted odds ratios were 1.27 (95% CI, 1.25–1.29; p < 0.001) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.46–1.13; p = 0.15), respectively.

Conclusions
Female sex was a risk factor for nonhome discharge, but not in-hospital mortality after elective primary THA for OA. It remains to be seen whether better patient health optimization with clinical pathways and targeted interventions in females undergoing elective primary THA can reduce the complication rate.
The potential biofertilization effect of H2is accompanied by a modest impact on the composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of common vetch
Authors: Dip Diana P. , Constant Philippe 
Published: February 2025

AbstractN2-fixing nodules releases molecular hydrogen (H2) in the rhizosphere of legumes. The process activates H2-oxidizing bacteria (HOB) in soil, leading to multiple effects on biogeochemical processes and a potential biofertilization effect. The legacy effect of the energy potential of H2on soil microbial community structure and the population density of HOB has received little attention. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the legacy effect of HOB, previously activated in soil microcosms exposed to elevated H2concentration (eH2), affects biomass production yield of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and the abundance of HOB and the composition of microbiome in the rhizosphere. Contrasting soil displaying more than 60% difference in H2oxidation activity were used as growth substrate for vetch. The abundance of HOB was indistinguishable between the treatments and two phylotypes, namelyAeromicrobiumspp. andRamlibacterspp., were favored by eH2exposure at the activation stage. Their response was transient as no legacy effect was noticed after vetch growth. The root biomass and the root/shoot ratio were reduced in soil conditioned with eH2. These results provide new experimental evidence suggesting the biofertilization effect of H2is not universal and requires specific conditions that remain yet to be identified.