bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of isoproturon and bentazone in peat‐ and compost‐based biomixtures
Authors: Coppola Laura , Pilar Castillo Maria del , Vischetti Costantino 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The composition and properties of a biomixture used in a biobed are decisive for pesticide sorption and degradation. This study was performed to investigate the capability of compost‐based substrates in mixtures with citrus peel and vine branch straw and peat‐based substrates in mixtures with soil and vine branch straw at different levels in order to degrade isoproturon and bentazone.RESULTS: Dissipation and mineralisation rates of both pesticides were determined, and metabolic activity was followed as respiration. Compost‐based substrates showed faster pesticide dissipation in the presence of lignocellulosic materials, as in garden compost and vine branch straw. The increasing content of vine branch straw in peat‐based substrates does not seem to affect dissipation of the parent compounds. Low mineralisation rate was observed in all treatments.CONCLUSION: Higher pesticide degradation was observed in the lignocellulosic substrates, probably because of the development of lignin‐degrading microorganisms which have shown to be robust and are able to degrade recalcitrant pesticides. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of δ‐endotoxin Cry1EC from an inducible promoter confers insect protection in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants
Authors: Tiwari Siddharth , Mishra Devesh K , Chandrasekhar Krishnappa , Singh Pradhyumna K , Tuli Rakesh 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) is a polyphagous foliage insect and a major pest on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Constitutive expression of δ‐endotoxin Cry1EC gives protection against S. litura, as reported earlier. In this study, insect bites and salicylic acid induced high‐level expression of Cry1EC was achieved in peanut. In order to achieve this, the expression of pathogenesis responsive promoter PR‐1a was enhanced by placing it downstream of the CaMV35S promoter in the pCAMBIA 1300 backbone. The resultant promoter CaMV35S(r)PR‐1a expressed a high level of insecticidal δ‐endotoxin Cry1EC. The Gus expression under the control of CaMV35S(r)PR‐1a served as a convenient marker for evaluation of promoter response to different treatments.RESULTS: Transgenic events that showed a very low level of uninduced expression and no expression in seeds were selected. The Cry1EC expression in leaves increased nearly eightfold in the selected event, following induction by salicylic acid. Both the salicylic‐acid‐treated and the S. litura‐bitten leaves showed the highest expression after 2 days. Leaves from salicylic‐acid‐induced transgenic plants caused 100% mortality of S. litura at all stages of larval development.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that high expression of inducible promoters provides a good strategy for the development of safer transgenic food and feed crops. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Persistence ofBacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) in the environment induces resistance to multipleBtitoxins in mosquitoes
Authors: Paris Margot , Tetreau Guillaume , Laurent Fabien , Lelu Maud , Despres Laurence , David Jean‐Philippe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The simultaneous production of six different toxins byBacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) is thought to delay the evolution of resistance in treated mosquito populations. Recent studies have shown thatBtican persist and proliferate in the environment, thereby imposing continuous selective pressure on mosquito populations, raising concerns about the long‐term effectiveness of this bioinsecticide. In order to evaluate the effect ofBtipersistence on the evolution of resistance, the authors selected a laboratoryAedes aegyptiL. strain with field‐collected leaf litter containingBtitoxins.RESULTS:It is shown that resistance to each individualBtitoxin (up to 30‐fold) can be obtained after only a few generations of selection. However, the resistance to commercialBtiand to environmentalBtiremains low (twofold and 3.4‐fold respectively) in the selected strain. Furthermore, some selected individuals exhibited resistance to Cry4B but not to Cry4A, suggesting that two distinct resistance mechanisms are involved in the resistance to these two toxins.CONCLUSION:Considering that resistance to Cry toxins might act as a first step to resistance to a completeBtitoxin mixture, the present results highlight the importance of testing each toxin individually in order accurately to monitorBtitoxin resistance evolution in field populations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Osthole improves alcohol‐induced fatty liver in mice by reduction of hepatic oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Xue Jie , Wang Hengbin , Zhang Yan , Xie Meilin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of our study was to examine the therapeutic effect of osthole, an active constituent isolated from the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, on alcohol‐induced fatty liver in mice and investigate its potential mechanisms of treatment. A mouse alcoholic fatty liver model was established by feeding 52% alcohol for 4 weeks. These experimental mice were then treated with osthole 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 6 weeks. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) and hepatic tissue contents of TC, TG and malondialdehyde (MDA) in osthole‐treated groups were significantly decreased, while the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased compared with the model group. Moreover, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) mRNA expressions in mouse liver were significantly decreased, and the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1A mRNA expression was increased by osthole treatment. Importantly, the histological evaluation of liver demonstrated that osthole dramatically decreased lipid accumulation. It was concluded that osthole was effective in treating mouse alcoholic fatty liver, and its main mechanisms might be related to reduction of hepatic oxidative stress, including the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhancement of antioxidative enzyme activity, and reduction of lipid accumulation and peroxidation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parathyroid Carcinoma Encountered After Minimally Invasive Focused Parathyroidectomy may not Require Further Radical Surgery
Authors: O’Neill Christine J. , Chan Conan , Symons James , Learoyd Diana L. , Sidhu Stan B. , Delbridge Leigh W. , Gill Anthony , Sywak Mark S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundParathyroid carcinoma accounts for <1% of tumors in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Distinguishing parathyroid malignancy from benign disease is difficult both before and after initial surgery. Despite the improved specificity of a malignant diagnosis with immunohistochemistry for parafibromin and PGP9.5, proven metastatic behavior remains the gold standard of diagnosis. Minimally invasive focused parathyroidectomy (MIP) is widely performed in patients with PHPT and positive localization studies; thus, it is inevitable that some parathyroid caricnomas will be encountered at MIP. We present our experience of this rare entity.MethodsThe present study represents a surgical case series of patients with parathyroid carcinoma encountered after MIP. The clinicopathological features of benign and malignant parathyroid tumors were compared. Multiple regression analysis was undertaken to compare indicators of malignancy.ResultsBetween May 1999 and April 2010, a total of 1,292 patients underwent MIP at the University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, and a histopathological diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma was made in seven patients (0.5%). Staining for parafibromin and/or PGP9.5 was abnormal in five carcinomas (71%). Despite subsequent unilateral thyroid lobectomy and lymphadenectomy in six patients, no further malignancy was identified in any specimens. Compared to controls, preoperative calcium (p = 0.04) and parathyroid hormone (p = 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with malignancy. The positive predictive value of these parameters for carcinoma was 56 and 75%, respectively.ConclusionsIn patients diagnosed with parathyroid carcinoma after MIP where preoperative imaging had already demonstrated localized disease, revision en bloc surgery did not reveal any residual disease. The benefits of further radical surgery for parathyroid carcinoma after MIP remain controversial.
Egg dispersion is more important than competition type for herbivores attacked by a parasitoid
Authors: Vamosi Steven M. , den Hollander Michelle D. , Tuda Midori 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHerbivore fitness can be altered by a combination of interacting organisms, such as its food plant, conspecifics, and predators/parasitoids. Here, we tested relative effects of plant species, herbivore intraspecific competition type, and spatial distribution of the herbivore among plant units on herbivore survival and whether parasitoids modified these effects. We used an endophagous bruchine seed predator Callosobruchusmaculatus for the herbivore, and a braconid wasp Heterospilusprosopidis for the parasitoid. The survival rate of C. maculatus was measured for each of 16 combinations of two plants (bean species, Vigna unguiculata and V. radiata), two competition types of C. maculatus larvae (contest and scramble), two spatial distributions of hosts [sparse (1 C. maculatus larva per seed over 20 seeds) and dense (2 C. maculatus larvae per seed over ten seeds)], and with/without a parasitoid pair. In the absence of the parasitoid, C. maculatus survival rate was lower with V. radiata and in the contest type. With the parasitoid, the proportion parasitized hosts was independent of total host density. Neither the proportion of parasitized hosts nor host survival rate was affected by plant species or host strain, but they were affected by host spatial distribution. When host distribution was dense, a higher proportion of hosts were parasitized, and C. maculatus survival rate was lower. Here we discuss parasitoid potential as a selective agent for the sparse within‐pod distribution of its hosts in the field.
Imidazolium, Pyridinium and Dimethyl‐Ethylbenzyl Ammonium Derived Compounds as Mixed Corrosion Inhibitors in Acidic Medium
Authors: Palomar Manuel E. , Olivares‐Xometl Crescencio O. , Likhanova Natalya V. , Pérez‐Navarrete Jonathán‐Boanerge 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeven cationic surfactants: 1‐methyl‐3‐tetradecyl imidazolium bromide, 1‐methyl‐3‐hexadecyl imidazolium bromide, N,N‐tetradecyl pyridinium bromide, N,N‐hexadecyl pyridinium bromide, N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐ethylbenzyl ammonium bromide, N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐ethylbenzyl ammonium laurate and N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐ethylbenzyl ammonium acetate, were investigated at different doses (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) as corrosion inhibitors for steel grade API 5L X52 in hydrochloric acid 2 M using a weight loss technique, impedance and polarization resistance methods. The corrosion inhibition of steel grade API 5L X52 of the cationic surfactants was attributed to their molecular structure (heterocyclic ring, hydrophobic chain length and counterion) that enhances adsorption onto steel surface. The best protective efficiency of the film was higher than 90% (N,N‐Dimethyl‐N‐ethylbenzyl ammonium acetate). It is important to know how organic inhibitor films grown on the metallic surface in order to achieve superior corrosion inhibition, hence experimental findings were described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy spectrums were fitted by means of the Voigt model.
Postprandial Lipemia Detects the Effect of Soy Protein on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Compared with the Fasting Lipid Profile
Authors: Santo Antonio S. , Santo Ariana M. , Browne Richard W. , Burton Harold , Leddy John J. , Horvath Steven M. , Horvath Peter J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStudies examining the effect of soy protein on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have not taken advantage of the postprandial state as an adjunct to the fasting lipid profile. The American Heart Association has acknowledged the efficacy of soy protein in reducing CVD risk factors to be limited. We hypothesized that the postprandial state would be more sensitive to any favorable changes associated with consuming soy protein compared with the fasting lipid profile. Furthermore, the presence of isoflavones in soy would enhance this effect. Thirty sedentary males aged 18–30 years were randomly assigned to milk protein (Milk), isoflavone‐poor soy (Soy−), or isoflavone‐rich soy (Soy+). Usual diets were supplemented with 25 g/day of protein for 28 days. Serum samples were collected before and after supplementation in a fasted state and postprandially at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min after a high‐fat, 1,000 kcal shake. Triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol, non‐esterified fatty acids, apolipoproteins B‐100 and A‐I and glucose concentrations were quantified. Fasting concentrations were not different after any protein supplementation. Postprandial TAG and TAG AUC increased after Soy‐consumption supporting the postprandial state as a more sensitive indicator of soy ingestion effects on CVD risk factors compared with the fasting lipid profile. Furthermore, the absence of isoflavones in soy protein may have deleterious consequences on purported cardio‐protective effects.
Sociological knowledge and colonial power in Bombay around the First World War
Authors: ASPENGREN HENRIK C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBy the turn of the twentieth century a distinct ‘social domain’ – along with its constituent parts, problems and internal dynamics – was turned into a political entity, and a concern for state bureaucracies existed across the industrializing world. Specific motivations for this trend may have varied from location to location, but included arguments for higher industrial productivity and less political discontent, often intertwined with a humanitarian impulse in calls for better housing, expanded public health or improved working conditions. As has been well documented, the politicization of the social domain in early twentieth-century Britain owes much to the consolidation of British sociology as a distinct discipline. Yet while the link between the rise of social politics and sociology has been established with regard to Britain, little has been said about the occurrence of this coupling elsewhere in the twentieth-century British Empire. This article aims to rectify that omission by showing the interplay between newly raised social concerns of the colonial administration in the Bombay Presidency, Western British India, and the establishing of sociological research within the borders of the Presidency around the time of the First World War. The article will explore how the colonial administration in Bombay planned to meet new demands for sociological knowledge in colonial state policy, how sociology was subsequently introduced into the Presidency as a research subject, and how new sociological methods were applied in actual colonial government.
Re-establishment of the family Coccomyxidae and description of five novel species ofAuerbachiaandCoccomyxa(Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) parasites from Australian fishes
Authors: HEINIGER HOLLY , GUNTER NICOLE L. , ADLARD ROBERT D. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYFive novel species,Auerbachia scomberoidin. sp.,Auerbachia chaetodonin. sp.,Auerbachia caranxin. sp.,Coccomyxa colurodontidisn. sp. andCoccomyxa gobiodonin. sp. are described from the gall bladders of marine teleosts. These species descriptions provide the first record ofAuerbachiafrom Australian waters. Each species is characterized morphologically, including additional measurements forAuerbachiaspp. and small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences were determined for molecular phylogenetic analyses. All 5 species were each recovered from a single (and different) species of host. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a close genetic relatedness between members ofAuerbachiaandCoccomyxa. Based on these phylogenetic data, on obvious paraphyly displayed by the Myxidiidae and on priority, we propose the re-establishment of the family Coccomyxidae to house all species of the genera,Coccomyxa,AuerbachiaandGlobospora.
Gestures in vocal performance and the experience of the listener: a case study of extra-semantic meaning-making in the singing of Olavi Virta
Authors: AHO MARKO 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAt the level of micro-intonation, singing provides an object for intimate corporeal identification for the listener. In fact, the listener can, by way of vocal identification, achieve a direct corporeal relationship with the vocal performance. Similarly, the researcher can use his/her own purposeful identification and imitation as a means of observation. ‘Once in a century’ is a description often attached to the legendary singer Olavi Virta (1915–1972), who had a significant impact on Finnish popular music during the 1950s and is considered a cultural icon by many Finns. In this article, the vocal performance on the novelty recording ‘Luonasi jos oisin (‘If I were there with you’)/Isn’t it Romantic?’ is studied in order to map out its gestural content. Olavi Virta was in possession of a rich arsenal of vocal gestures. The gestures shared a relationship with the semantic content of the lyrics – not always mimetic but often contrapuntal, polarising, or estranging.
How Hooker found his boogie: a rhythmic analysis of a classic groove
Authors: BENADON FERNANDO , GIOIA TED 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article closely analyses the rhythmic components in John Lee Hooker’s boogie. We show how Hooker recasts a signature riff from a ternary to a binary beat subdivision, paving the way for the triple-to-duple shift that characterised mid-century American popular music. Further, we attribute the boogie’s ‘hypnotic’ feel to two psychoacoustic phenomena: stream segregation and temporal order misjudgement. Stream segregation occurs when the musical surface is divided by the listener into two or more auditory entities (streams), usually as a result of timbral and registral contrasts. In Hooker’s case, these contrasts occur between the guitar groove’s downbeats and upbeats, whose extreme proximity also blurs their temporal order. These expressive effects are complemented by global and gradual accelerandos that envelop Hooker’s early performances.
Dana International and the politics of nostalgia
Authors: MAUREY YOSSI 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper focuses on the musical discourse of nostalgia evidenced in the songs of Dana International, an Israeli transsexual singer who took First Prize in the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest. It is organised around several songs featuring various compositional strategies, beginning with remakes of older songs and leading into new ones. Through quotation of music and/or lyrics, and the alteration and departure from the original, Dana premiers, transforms and renews songs in a way unique to her: she forces the audience to rethink what is natural and what is historically constructed, blurs distinctions between the sexes, past and present, the national and international, and draws on nostalgia as a powerful device to unsettle and question received truths. Her songs often mock and parody the masculinist, nationalist myths of mainstream Israeli culture, exposing the ideology of its artefacts. By promoting various types of blending, Dana challenges the notion of fixed borders. Despite the musical surface of popular song, which sounds international and without specific identity, the deep structures of these songs are in fact very much about complex questions of identity.
Plasma profiling determinants of matrix homeostasis in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hsia Tain-Yen , Ringewald Jeremy M. , Stroud Robert E. , Roessler Nadia , Kumar Nidhi , Reeves Scott T. , Spinale Francis G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveDilated cardiomyopathy is an important cause of cardiac failure in both children and adults, but is more progressive in children. In adult dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular remodelling is associated with changes in the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Plasma matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase changes in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy have not been examined. This study developed a low blood volume, high-sensitivity assay to test the hypothesis that unique and differential plasma matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase profile exist in patients with paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods/resultsA systemic blood sample (1 millilitre) was obtained from seven children aged 8 plus or minus 7 years with dilated cardiomyopathy and 26 age-matched normal volunteers. Using a high-throughput multiplex suspension immunoassay, plasma levels were quantified for collagenases (matrix metalloproteinase-8), gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9), lysins (matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -7), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -4. The matrix metalloproteinase to tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases ratios were also calculated. The plasma matrix metalloproteinase-2, -7, -8, and -9 levels were increased by greater than twofold in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy than normal patients (with p less than 0.05). Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy also had significantly higher tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -4 (298% and 230%; with p less than 0.05).ConclusionsThese unique findings show that a specific plasma matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase profile occurs in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy when compared to the cases of normal children. These distinct differences in the determinants of myocardial matrix structure and function may contribute to the natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy in children and may provide a novel biomarker platform in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy.
Intramyocardial administration of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in a critically ill child with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lacis Aris , Erglis Andrejs 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlmost half of the children with symptomatic dilated cardiomyopathy receive a transplant or die within 2 years; however, cardiac stem cell transplantation has become a promising therapeutic option. The present case demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, the intramyocardial administration of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in a critically ill 4-month-old child with severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 20% before stem cell transplantation to 41% at 4 months of follow-up.