bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FS14.5 No suppression of nickel patch reactions by local betamethasone
Authors: Lauerma Antti , Molander Gerd , Petman Leena , Kannas Liisa 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Topical corticosteroids are usually banned on test areas prior to patch testing. The previous literature on the effect of topical corticosteroids is conflicting.Methods:  Patients allergic to nickel sulphate were patch tested on 4 sites with nickel on Day 0. Intracutaneous betamethasone was injected to test sites on Day −1, Day 0 and Day 1. NaCl injection on Day −1 was control. The patch test reactions were evaluated clinically and with laser doppler.Observations:  There were no differences in patch test reaction intensities on sites treated with intracutaneous betamethasone as compared to control.Conclusions:  A single local dose of potent corticosteroid does not suppress allergic patch reactions to nickel. The current practice of avoiding topical corticosteroid use prior to patch testing should be re‐evaluated.
FS14.6 Oral lichenoid reactions and amalgams: no topographical relationship
Authors: Pigatto Paolo , Passoni E , Crippa R , Tanzi C , Zerboni R , Brambilla L , Guzzi G , Muratori S 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Several lines of evidence indicate a potential association between oral lichen‐reactions and the presence of dental amalgam fillings.Aim:  We examined the relation between oral lichen reaction cases and the site of amalgam fillings in the oral cavity.Methods:  We conducted an observational study in 5 consecutive patients who had OLR and underwent to dental amalgam replacement. The number of total amalgam surfaces and OLR sites were charted. Saliva samples were taken and levels of total mercury were measured by CV‐AAS method. Also we did patch‐testing with dental series in all patients. Results: Our observational study revealed that oral lichen reactions may not have an association with the physical proximity the mercury tooth fillings. Unexpectedly, we noted a complete remission in patients with OLR (n = 5). The patients with OLR presented allergies to mercury (n = 4) or gold (n = 1). All patients were negative for HCV/HBV and they had not been taking any drug‐induced lichenoid mucositis.Findings:  In this case report series no topographical association was found between OLR and the dental amalgam fillings. All OLR cases were in full recovery after total amalgam removal within three months. Saliva mercury concentrations were significantly elevated in all subjects. After amalgam removal the mercury levels were undetectable. We suggest that dental amalgam removal is important therapeutic option in OLR cases even if the lichenoid lesions are not adjacent to dental amalgam restorations.
P16 Eyelid dermatitis with positive patch test to coconut diethanolamide
Authors: Dejobert Yves , Delaporte E , Piette F , Thomas P 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  The aim was to detect a possible allergen in a patient with eyelid dermatitis. Patient and methods: a non atopic 27‐year‐old female presented with eyelid dermatitis since 3 months. This dermatitis persisted despite the fact she had stopped the use of make up; she had acrylic artificial nails since 2 months and sometimes used hair dyes;patch tests were performed with Finn Chamber® tests with readings at D2 and D3, according ICDRG criteria, with European standard series, additional series (including toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde resin), cosmetic, acrylates, hairdressing series, in 3 patch test sessions, using Chemotechnique Diagnostics® allergens.Results:  The only positive patch test was coconut diethanolamide (0.5% pet.)++ at D2 and D3. After removal of the shampoo containing this allergen, the dermatitis cleared. Coconut diethanolamide (cocamide DEA), tensioactive synthesized with coconut oil is widely used in shampoos, soaps, shower gels, barrier creams, washing up liquids, metalworking fluids, hydraulic oils. Involvement of eyelids is not frequently described in the literature with this allergen.Conclusion:  Coconut diethanolamide should be added in cosmetic series, and it should be useful to test this allergen in patients with eyelid dermatitis.
P72 Pigmented patch‐test substance and laser Doppler perfusion imaging
Authors: Bjarnason Bolli , Flosadottir Ellen 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To investigate if pigment of a dark patch‐test substance may affect assessment of perfusion with the laser Doppler imaging technique.Materials:  13 subjects who previously patch‐tested positive with 25% balsam of Peru in petrolatum were re‐tested with the same test substance and petrolatum controls applied directly by transparent foils and with much weaker and less pigmented serial doses tested with polyester squares. Readings of perfusion were performed through the test substances and the transparent foils at time intervals up to 4 days while tests were applied and for 5 days following detachment of tests. The instrument set‐up of the LDPI was the same as we have suggested for non‐pigmented patch‐test substances tested on white skin.Results:  Results show that pigment remnants following detachment of the dark pigmented and pasty test substance containing the petrolatum vehicle were prone to affect perfusion assessments by masking detection of perfusion of parts of test sites. A real masking effect is supported by a similar effect with readings of the same tests while they were applied and by no such observable effect with the petrolatum controls or the non‐pasty and much less pigmented squares.Conclusion:  The results show that pigment of patch‐test substances may affect perfusion assessments with the instrument set‐up suggested for non‐pigmented substances.
P77 Incidence of psoriasis in Norway
Authors: Selvaag Edgar , Loeb M 
Published: August 2010

Investigations in several western countries, especially european, have shown an increase in the frequency of psoriasis. To investigate these trends in Norway, the following procedure was followed.Using four standardized interview‐reports the development and the frequency of atopic dermatitis was determined.The questionnaires were conducted in the years 1968, 1975, 1985 and 1995. The results were registred electronically, and made available on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) in Windows version.In 1968 420 out of 11101 persons suffered from a skin disease, in 1975 the number had increased to 690 out of 11014 persons. These numbers still increased; in 1985 1136 out of 10576 and in 1995 1026 out of 10248 said to suffer from a skin disease.The diagnosis psoriasis was reported by 34 persons in 1968 (8% of all skin disease), increased to 97 in 1975 (14.1%), to 149 in 1985 (13.1%), and finally to 284 in 1995 (26.7%).In all, the infectious skin diseases decreased in number, whereas inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis but also atopic dermatitis increased.Connections to air pollution, indoor environment, especially smoking are at present under investigation.These results indicate that psoriasis is among the most frequent skin diseases in Norway, comparable to other western industrialized countries.
FS04.1 Formaldehyde allergy – clinically relevant threshold reactions
Authors: Zachariae Claus , Hall B , Cottin M , Andersen KE , Menné T 
Published: August 2010

The objective of the study was to establish eliciting threshold concentrations of diazolidinyl urea (Germall II)– derived formaldehyde in formaldehyde and/or in diazolidinyl urea – sensitive patients, using a leave‐on face cream formulation in a repeated open application test (ROAT) applied to different anatomical regions.150 patients with known formaldehyde allergy were reviewed for inclusion in the study. 108 patients were contacted and in 65 patients the formaldehyde sensitisation was reconfirmed by a patch test. Four groups of 10 formaldehyde allergic subjects were exposed to 0.05%, 0.15%, 0.3% and 0.6% diazolidinyl urea, corresponding to approximately 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm free formaldehyde, respectively.Additional 10 individuals allergic to the formaldehyde donor – diazolidinyl urea itself – were exposed to 0.15% diazolidinylurea, corresponding to approximately 100 ppm free formaldehyde and 10 healthy non‐allergic individuals were exposed to 0.6% of diazolidinylurea (approximately 400 ppm free formaldehyde).A ROAT was performed in a scheduled sequence: upper arm, neck and face.Contact allergy reactions were elicited in 39 out of 58 formaldehyde‐sensitive and in 5 out of 7 diazolidinyl urea‐sensitive individuals.Elicitation responses were dose‐ and anatomical region – dependent.No reactions were observed at the lowest dose, suggesting that an elicitation threshold was attained in the study.
FS04.3 Hair dyes, prediction of sensitization potential with QSAR
Authors: Søsted Heidi , Patlewicz G , Estrada E , Basketter DA , Johansen J Duus 
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  To identify substances and tonnage data for use for hair dyes registered in Europe. To predict the sensitization potential of each substance and to rank the substances due to their sensitization potential. Further to group the substances in clusters based on their physical chemical properties with a cluster analysis.Methods:  The Inventory list of Cosmetics Ingredients (INCI), new regulation on cosmetics, tonnage data for use and Toxnet were used to identify and quantify the hair dyes. Salts were disregarded. A QSAR (Qualitative structure‐activity relationship) model called TOPS‐MODE, based on local lymph node assay (LLNA) data and physical chemical properties were used to predict the sensitization potential and make a cluster analysis.Results:  Out of 315 hair dye substances 229 meet the inclusion criteria. Most of the hair dye substances 75% were predicted to be strong to moderate sensitizers. Less were predicted to be weak 22% and only a small part 3% were predicted to be extremely weak or non sensitizing. The 8 most used hair dye substances were predicted to be strong to moderate sensitizers. Ppd is the most used hair dye allergy marker but some azodyes were predicted to be more potent than para‐phenylenediamine (ppd).Conclusions:  Most hair dye substances are predicted to be strong to moderate sensitizers, which explain why some people gets hair dye dermatitis. A patch test series with potent, much used azodyes, might prove useful in diagnosing ppd‐negative patients, with hair dye allergy. The cluster analysis grouped the substances which can be helpful choosing substances for clinical patch test.
FS04.4 Decreased MDBGN conc. in a product is counteracted by increased exposure
Authors: Jensen Charlotte Devantier , Menné T , Johansen Andersen J Duus, KE 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Some types of cosmetic products such as creams and soaps are commonly used several times a day, especially in occupational use‐situations. Little is known about how the daily frequency of application of an allergen in a product influences the allergic response.Objectives:  This study investigates the allergic responses elicited in pre‐sensitised individuals when exposed to a specific amount of allergen applied either in 1 application per day or distributed over 4 applications per day. As model allergen is used the cosmetic preservative methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN). Patients/Methods: 19 contact allergic individuals and 12 controls participated in a double‐blind, randomized repeated open application test (ROAT) using two coded aqua/ethanol (80:20) solutions preserved with 100 ppm and 400 ppm MDBGN, respectively. 12 cm2 areas on the lower arms were applied 2 drops either once daily of the 400 ppm solution or 4 times a day for the 100 ppm solution.Results:  Most patients developed dermatitis following application of approximately equal amounts of MDBGN on both arms not distinguishing whether the allergen was applied as a 400 ppm solution once daily or a 100 ppm solution 4 times daily. Controls were negative.Conclusions:  Applications with 400 ppm MDBGN once daily or 100 ppm MDBGN 4 times per day had, in a ROAT study, approximately equal capabilities of provoking allergic dermatitis in agreement with well‐known patch test data that dose per unit area is more important than concentration of allergen in the product. This may complicate risk assessment and regulation of cosmetic allergens. Further studies, however, are needed before more general conclusions can be made.
FC01.4 Occupational skin diseases in different metal‐working industries
Authors: Bock M , Schmidt A , Bruckner T , Diepgen Thomas L 
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  To analyse the yearly incidence rates and causes of occupational skin diseases (OSD) in different metal‐working industries.Methods:  Between 1990 and 1999, all new cases of OSD and their causes were prospectively recorded in all metal‐working enterprises of Northern Bavaria. We calculated the incidence rates according to the average employed population. Furthermore, we analysed the different allergens, irritants and constitutional factors (e.g. atopy) in the affected metal workers.Results:  In metal workers, a total of 700 OSDs were registered which comprise 18.8% of all OSDs in our register. They were classified into metal‐surface processors (260 OSDs, yearly incidence per 10,000 employees = 10.4), metal processors (129 OSDs, 5.9), locksmiths and automobile mechanics (119 OSDs, 2.5), electrical industry (69 OSDs, 1.4), machinists (47 OSDs, 11.6), mechanics (40 OSDs, 6.6), electroplaters (22 OSDs, 20.6) and solderers (14 OSDs, 13.4). The proportion between allergic (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) varies conspicuously. While electroplaters and solderers predominantly suffer from ACD (82% resp. 71%), in other occupational groups ICD is more common: mechanics (60%), locksmiths and automobile mechanics (59%) or metal‐surface processors (53%). The type IV allergens differ widely depending on the occupational exposure. The most important allergen in solderers is colophony, in electroplaters nickel sulphate and potassium dichromate. There is a wide range of allergens in metal working fluids and it is mandatory to patch test patient‘s own working materials due to the fact that important allergens are not yet included in the screening series.
FS06.5 Fragrance sensitization in geriatric nurses
Authors: Schürer Nanna , Schwanitz HJ 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  The incidence of occupational hand dermatitis in geriatric nurses (GN) is increasing. 102 GN were involved in a program of secondary individual prevention at the University of Osnabrück. Prior to participation a patch test was performed in 99 of 102 IG by the dermatologist in charge. Sensitization to the fragrance mix was noted in 16% of cases. However, not once the fragrance mix was splitted. One of the GN was presented for further work up, revealing sensitizations to cinnamic alcohol and aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, isoeugenol, lyral as well as ylang‐ylang oil.Method:  Patch tests according to the DKG guidelines were performed. To reveal the composition, fragrance oils were submitted to gas chromatography.Results:  Additional patch tests to various ylang‐ylang oils employing various concentrations reveal different patch test reactions. Further work up employing gas chromatography of different ylang‐ylang oils will be presented and relevance of patch test will be discussed. Hence cinnamic alcohol is frequently employed by the perfume and cosmetic industry, further patch tests of cinnamic alcohol in petrolatum at various concentrations as well as given cinnamic‐alcohol‐containing‐products are performed. Relevance of patch test results will be presented and discussed with respect to the current discussion of labelling skin sensitizers.Conclusion:  At present the fragrance mix is not commonly splitted. Dermatologist in practice test the fragrance mix. When patch testing naturally occurring fragrance oils, origins and extracts thereof must be considered, because they may contain different allergens relevant for sensitization.
FS06.6 Mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrances; a population‐based study
Authors: Elberling Jesper , Linneberg A , Mosbech H , Dirksen A , Frølund L , Madsen F , Nielsen N Henrik , Johansen J Duus 
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  To investigate symptoms from the eyes and airways, elicited by perfume and fragrance products and associations between such symptoms and skin prick test reactivity, metacholine bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), contact allergy, and eczema in a population based sample.Methods:  A questionnaire on mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products was mailed to 1189 persons who had participated in a Danish population‐based study of allergic diseases in 1997/98. The study included measurement of BHR, skin prick testing, patch testing and history of hand eczema.Results:  The response rate to the questionnaire was 80%. Symptoms from the eyes or airways elicited by fragrance products were reported by 42%. There were no significant associations between these symptoms and skin prick test reactivity. Positive and independent statistical significant associations were found between BHR, perfume contact allergy and hand eczema, and symptoms from the eyes and airways elicited by fragrance products, also when adjusting for nickel contact allergy, age, gender psychological vulnerability, educational level and social class.Conclusions:  Individuals with BHR, hand eczema and/or perfume contact allergy, as opposed to those without, are more frequently and more severely bothered from the eyes or airways after volatile exposure to fragrance products. The lack of association with skin prick test reactivity indicates that IgE mediated allergic mechanisms do not play a major role in the development of these symptoms. Having hand eczema has the greatest impact on reporting mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products.
FS08.4 Prognosis of hand eczema – a 15‐year follow‐up
Authors: Wrangsjö Karin , Järvholm B , Meding B 
Published: August 2010

Aims:
To study long‐term prognosis of hand eczema and to identify factors of importance for the prognosis.
Methods:
A cohort of 1238 individuals with verified hand eczema diagnosis was established by a population‐based prevalence study in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1982–83. In 1998 a questionnaire was mailed to all individuals with available addresses (n = 1115). The response ratio was 78%(868/1115).
Results:
66% reported periods of hand eczema since 1983, and 44% during the past year. 12% stated continuous symptoms. No significant difference was found between the sexes. 74% of those who reported symptoms after 1983 considered that their hand eczema had improved. Significant differences in the persistence of hand eczema were related to the age at onset of hand eczema, skin atopy, and the extension of eczema at examination. Contact allergy related significantly to occurrence of hand eczema during the year before follow‐up. 32% had visited a doctor, 7% reported sick leave periods, 2% sick pension and 3% change of occupation due to hand eczema.
Conclusions:
In this population‐based study, a majority of individuals with hand eczema reported periods of eczema during a 15‐year follow‐up, implying that hand eczema is a longstanding disease. Young age at onset, history of childhood eczema and extension of the hand eczema were prognostic factors. Hand eczema did entail consequences like change of occupation, sick leave or pension in more than 10% during a 15‐year period.
PCS.03 Risk assessment in practice – clinical problems in ACD. Occupational perspectives
Authors: Isaksson Marlene 
Published: August 2010

This lecture will focus on consequences for the affected labour force following contact with well‐known allergens in new technical applications, or when the risk assessment of chemicals has been done by persons without sufficient knowledge of factors significant for the induction and elicitation of contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis. When chemicals with noxious characteristics to both the airways and the skin are handled, the focus is by far and foremost on protection of the airways. However, one must consider the difference of dose needed for airway diseases compared to skin diseases with regard to allergic contact dermatitis. For contact allergy, it is not the total dose that is the culprit but the dose/unit area, i.e. a high concentration of a chemical on a limited skin area may be deleterious. This implies that contamination outside the working operation (e.g. on handles and doors) may lead to sensitisation and allergic contact dermatitis.Examples will be given from the dental profession ((meth)acrylates), the manufacture of resol resins based on phenol and formaldehyde in the production of laminate, and from manual labour including contact with isocyanates and epoxy resins in the manufacture of water‐repelling surfaces on floor boards and in the production of wings for wind mills, respectively.
FS09.3 Can Flutivate® cream be safely used in formaldehyde‐allergic patients?
Authors: Isaksson Marléne , Gruvberger B , Goon A T‐J , Bruze M 
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  To study the healing time of an experimental eczema treated with Flutivate® cream, a potent corticosteroid containing a formaldehyde releasing preservative, in patients allergic to formaldehyde and controls not allergic to formaldehyde.Methods:  24 individuals allergic to nickel, 7 of whom were also allergic to formaldehyde, had a nickel‐allergic contact dermatitis experimentally induced on both upper arms. The dermatitis was treated twice daily for a maximum of 3 weeks or until healing with either Flutivate® cream or Betnovate® cream, a corticosteroid with the same potency but containing another preservative, which was tolerated by all 24 study persons. The study was double‐blind and randomized.Results:  In 12/17 controls (71%) the nickel‐allergic contact dermatitis healed completely when treated with Flutivate® cream compared to 2/7 formaldehyde‐allergic patients (29%)(p < 0.05).Conclusion:  Flutivate® cream should not be used by individuals allergic to formaldehyde.
FS09.4 Methyldibromo glutaronitrile in leave‐on products
Authors: Pedersen Line Kynemund , Agner T , Held E , Duus J Johansen 
Published: August 2010

The rapidly increasing frequency of contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) is of concern. This study investigates the allergic response elicited in pre‐sensitised individuals from exposure to a leave‐on product preserved with 50 or 100 ppm MDBGN.Material and methods:  Eighteen volunteers with contact allergy to MDBGN and 10 healthy controls were exposed to repeated open allication tests (ROAT) with two moisturisers with a high and a low lipid content, respectively, both containing MDBGN in a concentration of 50 ppm. The ROATs were performed on the left and the right side of the neck for 14 days, or until a positive reaction was seen. If a positive reaction did not develop within the first 14 days the application with analogous moisturisers containing 100 ppm MDBGN continued for further 14 days.Results:  Eleven (61.1%) developed dermatitis on the test area, and 10 (55.5%) developed a positive reaction to 50 ppm moisturiser. Reactions to the low‐ moisturiser were the most frequent. the controls all had negative ROATs.Conclusion:  A concentration of 50 ppm MDBGN in a leave‐on product was found to elicit an allergic reaction in more than half of sensitised individuals when applied on the neck.