bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trait Anxiety Modulates the Neural Efficiency of Inhibitory Control
Authors: Basten Ulrike , Stelzel Christine , Fiebach Christian J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
An impairment of attentional control in the face of threat-related distracters is well established for high-anxious individuals. Beyond that, it has been hypothesized that high trait anxiety more generally impairs the neural efficiency of cognitive processes requiring attentional control—even in the absence of threat-related stimuli. Here, we use fMRI to show that trait anxiety indeed modulates brain activation and functional connectivities between task-relevant brain regions in an affectively neutral Stroop task. In high-anxious individuals, dorsolateral pFC showed stronger task-related activation and reduced coupling with posterior lateral frontal regions, dorsal ACC, and a word-sensitive area in the left fusiform gyrus. These results support the assumption that a general (i.e., not threat-specific) impairment of attentional control leads to reduced neural processing efficiency in anxious individuals. The increased dorsolateral pFC activation is interpreted as an attempt to compensate for suboptimal connectivity within the cortical network subserving task performance.
Forming Tool Use Representations: A Neurophysiological Investigation into Tool Exposure
Authors: Mizelle John Christopher , Tang Teresa , Pirouz Nikta , Wheaton Lewis A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPrior work has identified a common left parietofrontal network for storage of tool-related information for various tasks. How these representations become established within this network on the basis of different modes of exposure is unclear. Here, healthy subjects engaged in physical practice (direct exposure) with familiar and unfamiliar tools. A separate group of subjects engaged in video-based observation (indirect exposure) of the same tools to understand how these learning strategies create representations. To assess neural mechanisms engaged for pantomime after different modes of exposure, a pantomime task was performed for both tools while recording neural activation with high-density EEG. Motor planning–related neural activation was evaluated using beta band (13–22 Hz) event-related desynchronization. Hemispheric dominance was assessed, and activation maps were generated to understand topography of activations. Comparison of conditions (effects of tool familiarity and tool exposure) was performed with standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. Novel tool pantomime following direct exposure resulted in greater activations of bilateral parietofrontal regions. Activations following indirect training varied by tool familiarity; pantomime of the familiar tool showed greater activations in left parietofrontal areas, whereas the novel tool showed greater activations at right temporoparieto-occipital areas. These findings have relevance to the mechanisms for understanding motor-related behaviors involved in new tools that we have little or no experience with and can extend into advancing theories of tool use motor learning.
Pride and Paradox in IG I3 833bis
Authors: Biles Zachary P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBuilding on research in recent years that emphasizes the cross-fertilization of ideas in epinician poetry and epigrammatic dedications, this article examines the poetics of a single victory epigram for a victory with a men’s chorus at Athens in the first quarter of the fifth century BC. The epinikian strategies that contribute to the poet’s self-presentation in this epigram are revealed by comparative evidence from epinician song and ritual dedication. Furthermore, an underlying paradox between agonistic and dedicatory modes of thought is revealed through ambiguities of expression, evidenced also in Homeric and later poetry.
A Linguistic Inquiry Solves an Ancient Crime: Re-examination of 2 Samuel 4:6*
Authors: Mastéy Emmanuel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSecond Samuel 4 describes the assassination of Ish-Bosheth, the last successor of Saul, by two of his brigade commanders. Verse 6 in this chapter gives the account of the actual killing. The verse has long been reckoned as problematic from the linguistic and literary points of view. Traditional Jewish commentators tried to solve the textual problem by means of syntactical completions. The Septuagint gives a different account here, which most scholars have adopted as original. A few, however, have raised the possibility that the Greek version is actually an attempt to solve the difficulties in the Hebrew text. In this article, I attempt to show that the Masoretic text is accurate and completely comprehensible. Furthermore, it sheds light on the entire scene, and brings to the front the personal attitude of the biblical narrator towards David and his kingship.
Hortatory Discourse and Psalm 96
Authors: Tucker W. Dennis 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiscourse analysis has been applied to numerous narrative texts in the Hebrew Bible, yet its use with poetic texts remains infrequent. This study tests the thesis that hortatory discourse in poetic texts resembles and reflects the structures of hortatory discourse present within narrative material. Frequently the word order and construction of lines within Hebrew poetry have been attributed to poetic style, free variation, or rhetorical structure, among other suggestions, yet this analysis of Psalm 96 suggests that word order may be explained based on the discourse employed in the psalm.
Rejuvenating American Journalism: Some Tentative Policy Proposals Workshop Presentation on Journalism, Federal Trade Commission Washington, D.C., March 10, 2010
Authors: McChesney Robert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAmong those who care about serious journalism, some are counting on an economic comeback that will bring sufficient media advertising back to newspapers and Web sites to support quality reporting; others bet on the evolution of paywalls and a public that will change course and learn to buy news content; still others put their money on other kinds of news innovation, in which new kinds of outlets find ways to sustain themselves once the philanthropists are tapped out or move on. But what if none of these things work? What is left?Robert W. McChesney is one of those who argue that what is left is public policy and public funding that recognizes and sustains reporting as a public good. McChesney teaches in the Department of Communication at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and is the co-author, with John Nichols, of The Death and Life of American Journalism: the Media Revolution That Will Begin the World Again.
Miguel de Cervantes, Early Modern Spain, and the Challenges to the Meaning of Islam
Authors:   Rouhi
Published: March 2011

AbstractMiguel de Cervantes (1547–1616) wrote a number of texts, among them Don Quijote and El amante liberal [The generous lover], that critique the narrow optics and false binaries that govern the description of both Christian and Muslim identity. In this essay I show how the strategies of dismantling binaries work in the case of El amante liberal in particular, and how the current scholarship on early modern Spain's (and especially Cervantes') engagement with Islam is a fruitful place to challenge the monolithic visions that command depictions of Islam. Given Cervantes' role as a pioneer for modernity in fiction, his complex portrayals of Islam also relate to the advent of modernity in Western literature.
From Braudel to Derrida: Mohammed Arkoun's Rethinking of Islam and Religion
Authors: Kersten Carool 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article examines Mohammed Arkoun as one of the pioneers of a new Muslim intellectualism seeking new ways of engaging with Islam by combining intimate familiarity with the Islamic civilizational heritage (turath) and solid knowledge of recent achievements by the Western academe in the humanities and social sciences. It will show how his groundbreaking and agendasetting work in Islamic studies reflects a convergence of the spatiotemporal concerns of an intellectual historian inspired by the Annales School with an epistemological critique drawing on structuralist and poststructuralist ideas. Influenced by Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics and the deconstructionist philosophy of Jacques Derrida, Arkoun evolved from a specialist in the intellectual history of medieval Islam into a generic critic of epistemologies, advocating a concept of so-called 'emerging reason' which transcends existing forms of religious reason, Enlightenment rationalism and the tele-techno-scientific reason of the postmodern globalizing world. This article concludes that Arkoun's proposals challenge the intellectual binary of the West versus Islam and the historical dichotomy between the northern and southern Mediterranean.
Tempering expectations: EU involvement with the Transdniestrian conflict
Authors: Scheffers Bart 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOften portrayed as one of the most resolvable conflicts, home to hundreds of peacekeepers and various reported human rights abuses, the Transdniestrian conflict (just 100 kilometers from the EU's external border) is an interesting case for those interested in European security. For many years, negotiations for a political settlement have taken place under the OSCE's auspices. In recent years, however, the EU has emerged as a central actor in this process and seems to have taken a leadrole. This gives rise to the question of whether an effective EU strategy to this conflict is in place and, in light of discussions of civilian or normative power, if this demonstrates a distinct European approach to conflict management. Based on a qualitative research in which the author analyzed the EU's relevant policies with his findings on the ground in both Moldova and Transdniestria, it is argued that the EU has a huge potential to thaw this conflict. Yet, where OSCE diplomacy or (unilateral) Russian intervention have all failed thus far, also the EU is increasingly having difficulty to navigate its way on the patchy road to conflict settlement for Transdniestria. This study not only implies that geopolitical interests remain dominant for Transdniestria, but also asserts that the scope or use of normative power should be reconsidered in such, more antagonistic, environments.
Melangyna lucifera n.sp. from southern Norway (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Nielsen Tore 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMelangyna lucifera n.sp. is described and figured in both sexes and characters separating them from simitar species are given. It has its flight period in early spring and closely resembles M. lasiophthalma (Zetterstedt, 1843).
Ethnic minorities and political representation: The case of Bulgaria
Authors: Todorov Antony , Krasteva Anna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe political representation of minority groups in Bulgaria is analyzed from three perspectives. The first relates to political socialization: the mechanisms of minority political preference, and their materialization into political behavior, mostly during elections or through party membership. The second relates to political actors' conduct towards minorities: their attitudes toward minority identities and the significance of minority representation in their practice. The third perspective relates to the institutional framework that politically regulates minority status. This third perspective raises questions of minimum representation, and the legal formalization of minority political parties. Bulgarian ethnic politics is analyzed regarding both the ethnic factors in constructing the political scene and the political factors in structuring the ethnic model. The present article questions the applicability of the distinction between the 'politics of ideas' and the 'politics of identities' to Southeastern Europe in general, and to Bulgaria in particular. This theoretical question is addressed through two empirical comparative analyses: the similarities and divergences of the minority management model in the Bulgarian Constitution and the one applied in the political practice, and the differences between minority representation in Bulgaria and in neighboring countries such as Romania.
A Semiempirical Downscaling Approach for Predicting Regional Temperature Impacts Associated with Climatic Change
Authors: Sailor David J. , Li Xiangshang 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A statistical downscaling approach is developed for generating regional temperature change predictions from GCM results. The approach utilizes GCM free atmosphere output and surface observations in a framework conceptually similar to the model output statistics approach common in the forecasting community. The appropriateness of this approach is demonstrated through a comparison of GCM and observed free atmosphere variables. Seasonal downscaling models are presented for eight sites within four community climate model (CCM) grid cells in the United States. The majority of these models are capable of explaining more than 90% of the variance in the temperature time series. The results indicate a wide range of differences between downscaled climate change predictions and grid cell–level CCM predictions.
The Influence of Solar Zenith Angle and Cloud Type on Cloud Radiative Forcing at the Surface in the Arctic
Authors: Minnett Peter J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Measurements of the long- and shortwave incident radiation taken from the USCGC Polar Sea during a research cruise to the Northeast Water Polynya during the summer of 1993 are analyzed together with observations of cloud type and amount to determine the effects of summertime Arctic clouds on the surface radiation budget. It is found that the solar zenith angle is critical in determining whether clouds heat or cool the surface. For large solar zenith angles (&gt;∼80°) the infrared heating effect of clouds is greater than the reduction in insolation caused by clouds, and the surface is heated by the presence of cloud. For smaller zenith angles, cloud cover cools the surface, and for intermediate zenith angles, the surface radiation budget is insensitive to the presence of, or changes in, cloud cover.
A Comparison Study of EOF Techniques: Analysis of Nonstationary Data with Periodic Statistics
Authors: Kim Kwang-Y. , Wu Qigang 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Identification of independent physical/dynamical modes and corresponding principal component time series is an important aspect of climate studies for they serve as a tool for detecting and predicting climate changes. While there are a number of different eigen techniques their performance for identifying independent modes varies. Considered here are comparison tests of eight eigen techniques in identifying independent patterns from a dataset. A particular emphasis is given to cyclostationary processes such as deforming and moving patterns with cyclic statistics. Such processes are fairly common in climatology and geophysics. Two eigen techniques that are based on the cyclostationarity assumption—cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and periodically extended EOFs—perform better in identifying moving and deforming patterns than techniques based on the stationarity assumption. Application to a tropical Pacific surface temperature field indicates that the first dominant pattern and the corresponding principal component (PC) time series are consistent among different techniques. The second mode and the PC time series, however, are not very consistent from one another with hints of significant modal mixing and splitting in some of derived patterns. There also is a detailed difference of intraannual scale between PC time series of a stationary technique and those of a cyclostationary one. This may bear an important implication on the predictability of El Niño. Clearly there is a choice of eigen technique for improved predictability.
Enhanced Climate Change and Its Detection over the Rocky Mountains
Authors: Fyfe John C. , Flato Gregory M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Results from an ensemble of climate change experiments with increasing greenhouse gas and aerosols using the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis Coupled Climate Model are presented with a focus on surface quantities over the Rocky Mountains. There is a marked elevation dependency of the simulated surface screen temperature increase over the Rocky Mountains in the winter and spring seasons, with more pronounced changes at higher elevations. The elevation signal is linked to a rise in the snow line in the winter and spring seasons, which amplifies the surface warming via the snow-albedo feedback. Analysis of the winter surface energy budget shows that large changes in the solar component of the radiative input are the direct consequence of surface albedo changes caused by decreasing snow cover.
Although the warming signal is enhanced at higher elevations, a two-way analysis of variance reveals that the elevation effect has no potential for early climate change detection. In the early stages of surface warming the elevation effect is masked by relatively large noise, so that the signal-to-noise ratio over the Rocky Mountains is no larger than elsewhere. Only after significant continental-scale warming does the local Rocky Mountain signal begin to dominate the pattern of climate change over western North America (and presumably also the surrounding ecosystems and hydrological networks).
GCM Systematic Error Correction and Specification of the Seasonal Mean Pacific–North America Region Atmosphere from Global SSTs
Authors: Smith Thomas M. , Livezey Robert E. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Specifications of 1- and 3-month mean Pacific–North America region 700-hPa heights and U.S. surface temperatures and precipitation, from global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and the ensemble average output of multiple runs of a general circulation model with the same SSTs prescribed, were explored with canonical correlation analysis. In addition to considerable specification skill, the authors found that 1) systematic errors in SST-forced model variability had substantial linear parts, 2) use of both predictor fields usually enhanced specification performance for the U.S. fields over that for just one of the predictor fields, and 3) skillful specification and model correction of the heights and temperatures were also possible for nonactive or transitional El Niño–Southern Oscillation situations.
Covariability of Aspects of North American Climate with Global Sea Surface Temperatures on Interannual to Interdecadal Timescales
Authors: Livezey Robert E. , Smith Thomas M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Rotated canonical correlation analysis between seasonal- and longer-mean global SSTs and either U.S. surface temperatures or 700-hPa heights in the Pacific–North America region have led to decompositions into three distinct signals. One of these represents the interannual variability of ENSO and a second is related to the North Atlantic oscillation and exhibits considerable variability on interdecadal timescales. In contrast the temporal behavior of the third, which is referred to here as the global signal, is mostly characterized by a steady trend since the late 1960s. The robustness of this time series to variations in the analyses, as well as the robustness of the spatial structure of the SST pattern accompanying it, suggests that the decomposition represents a successful separation of the climate signal from the climate noise. When viewed in the context of other recent work, the global signal cannot be discounted as a “fingerprint” of global warming. Finally, calculations that exploit ensemble mean output from prescribed-SST GCM runs reveal notable systematic errors in the simulation of the features of all three signals.
Sensitivity of Tropical Tropospheric Temperature to Sea Surface Temperature Forcing*
Authors: Su Hui , Neelin J. David , Meyerson Joyce E. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
During El Niño, there are substantial tropospheric temperature anomalies across the entire tropical belt associated with the warming of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central and eastern Pacific. The quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model (QTCM) is used to investigate the mechanisms for tropical tropospheric temperature response to SST forcing. In both observations and model simulations, the tropical averaged tropospheric temperature anomaly 〈T̂′〉 is approximately linear with the tropical mean SST anomaly 〈T′s〉 for observed SST forcing. Regional SST anomaly experiments are used to estimate regional sensitivity measures and quantify the degree of nonlinearity. For instance, SST anomalies of 3°C in the central Pacific would give a nonlinear 〈T̂′〉 response about 15% greater than a linear fit to small SST anomaly experiments would predict, but for the maximum observed SST anomaly in this region the response differs by only 5% from linearity. Nonlinearity in 〈T̂′〉 response is modest even when local precipitation response is highly nonlinear. While temperature anomalies have large spatial scales, the main precipitation anomaly tends to be local to the SST anomaly regions. The tropical averaged precipitation anomalies 〈P′〉 do not necessarily have a simple relation to tropical averaged tropospheric temperature anomalies or SST forcing. The approximate linearity of the 〈T̂′〉 response is due to two factors: 1) the strong nonlinearities that occur locally tend to be associated with the transport terms, which become small in the large-area average; and 2) the dependence on temperature of the top-of-atmosphere and surface fluxes has only weak nonlinearity over the range of 〈T̂′〉 variations. Analytical approximations to the QTCM suggest that the direct impact of climatological SST, via flux terms, contributes modestly to regional variations in the sensitivity α of 〈T̂′〉 to 〈T′s〉. Wind speed has a fairly strong effect on α but tends to oppose the direct effect of SST since cold SST regions often have stronger climatological wind, which would yield larger slopes. A substantial contribution to regional variation in α comes from the different reaction of moisture to SST anomalies in precipitating and nonprecipitating regions. Although regions over climatologically warm water have a slightly higher sensitivity, subregions of El Niño SST anomalies even in the colder eastern Pacific contribute substantially to tropospheric temperature anomalies.
The Persistence of Winter Sea Surface Temperature in the North Atlantic
Authors: de Coëtlogon Gaëlle , Frankignoul Claude 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The impact of the seasonal variations of the mixed-layer depth on the persistence of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is studied in the North Atlantic, using observations. A significant recurrence of winter SST anomalies during the following winter occurs in most of the basin, but not in the subtropical area of strong subduction. When taking reemergence into account, the e-folding timescale of winter SST anomalies generally exceeds 1 yr, and is about 16 months for the dominant SST anomaly tripole. The influence of advection by the mean oceanic currents is investigated by allowing for a displacement of the maximum recurrent correlation and, alternatively, by considering the SST anomaly evolution along realistic mean displacement paths. Taking into account the nonlocality of the reemergence generally increases the wintertime persistence, most notably in the northern part of the domain. The passive response of the mixed layer to the atmospheric forcing thus has a red spectrum down to near-decadal frequencies.