bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSTITUTIONAL SUBVERSION AND DEFORESTATION: LEARNING LESSONS FROM THE SYSTEM FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL LICENCING OF RURAL PROPERTIES IN MATO GROSSO
Authors: Rajão Raoni , Azevedo Andrea , Stabile Marcelo C. C. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis article contributes to the public administration and environmental governance literature by proposing the notion of ‘institutional subversion’ as a way of describing how the strategies adopted by local actors may change and even go against the initial aims of institutional development initiatives. The article discusses the case of the system for the environmental licencing of rural properties (SLAPR), an institutional development initiative by the state government of Mato Grosso in the south‐eastern portion of the Brazilian Amazon. It will be shown that even though this initiative has earned the status of ‘best practice’ in controlling deforestation, a closer look at SLAPR reveals that it has led to contradictory outcomes. During the first 8 years of SLAPR, it had no significant impact on reducing deforestation and, in some cases, even permitted the increase of total deforestation by providing authorization for this. According to an institutional analysis of the case study, the article draws particular conclusions that could be relevant to public administrators in the region and in other countries. In particular, it is argued that by accepting the possibility of institutional subversion, public administrators may become more attentive to unexpected consequences and be able to take corrective action. Furthermore, in order to avoid institutional subversion, public administrators should integrate institutional initiatives into broader governmental, technological and economical dimensions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The roles of behavioural activation and inhibition among young adults engaging in self‐injury
Authors: Jenkins Abigail L. , Seelbach Abigail C. , Conner Bradley T. , Alloy Lauren B. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTNon‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is a prevalent behaviour, particularly among young adults. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms underlying NSSI or the personality correlates of these behaviours. The goal of this study was to examine the roles of the behavioural activation and inhibition systems (BAS and BIS) in NSSI. A total of 604 undergraduates completed two self‐report measures of BAS and BIS, as well as NSSI history. Logistic and negative binomial linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between measures of BAS and BIS and the presence and course characteristics of NSSI. Approximately 30% of participants reported a history of NSSI. High scores on BAS (drive, reward and fun seeking), combined with low scores on BIS total, predicted NSSI history. However, the opposite was also true, with high levels of BIS total, combined with low levels of BAS (drive, reward and fun seeking), also predicting NSSI history. In addition, several BAS by BIS interactions predicted an NSSI course characterized by more acts and methods used. This study supports the roles of both BAS and BIS in NSSI and takes the first step in identifying how these personality correlates may help identify individuals at risk for NSSI. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ Thermometry in Noble Gas Dielectric Barrier Discharges at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Wertheimer Michael R. , Saoudi Bachir , Ahlawat Meenu , Kashyap Raman 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAtmospheric pressure (AP) dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are increasingly used to treat thermally‐sensitive materials. Reliable measurements of the kinetic gas temperature, T, are therefore of capital importance. Spectroscopically determined rotational temperatures, Trot, are often tacitly assumed to be equal to T. Here, we measured T with fibre‐optic instrumentation that is a priori immune towards high voltages and high‐frequency electromagnetic fields generally encountered in plasmas. Finding Trot > T in AP glow discharge (APGD) DBDs in He and Ne, we believe that Trot ≈ T only during the short (≈ µs) current peaks that characterize APGD. Therefore, T represents the time‐averaged gas temperature; calorimetric measurements using a thermocouple buried in an electrode support this view.magnified image
Cooperative emission from nuclei: The collective Lamb shift and electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Röhlsberger R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe narrow nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes constitute almost ideal two‐level systems to study cooperative effects in the interaction of x‐rays with matter. Embedding an ensemble of resonant Mössbauer nuclei into a planar cavity facilitates the excitation of superradiant oscillatory eigenmodes via pulses of synchrotron radiation. These modes exhibit a large collective Lamb shift that can be controlled via the excitation conditions and the cavity geometry. Cooperative emission in connection with the radiative coupling of two resonant ensembles in a cavity leads to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This contribution gives a review on cooperative effects in nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation. Special emphasis is given to the basic principles of recent experiments that led to the observation of the collective Lamb shift and EIT with nuclear resonances in the regime of hard x‐rays.
Non‐geometric fluxes in supergravity and double field theory
Authors: Andriot D. , Hohm O. , Larfors M. , Lüst D. , Patalong P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this paper we propose ten‐dimensional realizations of the non‐geometric fluxes Q and R. In particular, they appear in the NSNS Lagrangian after performing a field redefinition that takes the form of a T‐duality transformation. Double field theory simplifies the computation of the field redefinition significantly, and also completes the higher‐dimensional picture by providing a geometrical role for the non‐geometric fluxes once the winding derivatives are taken into account. The relation to four‐dimensional gauged supergravities, together with the global obstructions of non‐geometry, are discussed.
Cooperativity in light scattering by cold atoms
Authors: Bienaimé T. , Bachelard R. , Piovella N. , Kaiser R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA cloud of cold N two‐level atoms driven by a resonant laser beam shows cooperative effects both in the scattered radiation field and in the radiation pressure force acting on the cloud center‐of‐mass. The induced dipoles synchronize and the scattered light presents superradiant and/or subradiant features. We present a quantum description of the process in terms of a master equation for the atomic density matrix in the scalar, Born‐Markov approximations, reduced to the single‐excitation limit. From a perturbative approach for weak incident field, we derive from the master equation the effective Hamiltonian, valid in the linear regime. We discuss the validity of the driven timed Dicke ansatz and of a partial wave expansion for different optical thicknesses and we give analytical expressions for the scattered intensity and the radiation pressure force on the center of mass. We also derive an expression for collective suppression of the atomic excitation and the scattered light by these correlated dipoles.
MULTISTAGE ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGIC ALTERATIONS IN THE YELLOW RIVER, CHINA
Authors: Sun T. , Feng M. L. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTNatural river flow regimes provide an array of ecological and social functions by sustaining the health of riverine ecosystems. To identify the hydrologic alterations in the lower Yellow River basin caused by natural factors and human activities, we developed multistage hydrologic analysis to investigate the temporal variability of the river's flow regimes. We used a cumulative departure curve and Mann–Whitney–Pettitt nonparametric tests to determine possible change points based on hydrologic data from 1950 to 2006. We then used the range of variability approach to characterize and to quantify the temporal variability of the hydrologic regimes that were associated with perturbations such as dam operation, flow diversions or intensive conversion of land use within the watershed. In the case study, three stages in hydrologic alterations of the flow regime were found: a stage without human impacts, a stage with excessive human impacts and a reservoir‐regulation stage. Our results indicated that (i) after 1997, dam operation efficiently achieved flood control using sediment regulation activities; (ii) although effective in flood control, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir could not handle situations with extremely low flow, such as during droughts; and (iii) under the arid climate of the Yellow River basin, water consumption by agriculture was the main cause of water shortages. The current study shows that multistage hydrologic analysis can greatly assist regional water resources management and the restoration of riparian eco‐environmental systems affected by dam construction under a changing environment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Corrosion for Nanofabrication
Authors: Yu Hai‐Dong , Zhang Zhongping , Han Ming‐Yong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe annual cost of corrosion has been increasing globally, and it has now reached beyond 3% of the world's gross domestic product. It remains a challenge to reduce or prevent unwanted corrosion effectively after many decades of effort. Nowadays, more efforts are being made to develop anti‐corrosion platforms for decreasing the huge cost of corrosion. In parallel, it is also highly expected to be able to use corrosion for producing useful materials with reduced energy consumption. In this review, recent progress in how methods for controlling metal corrosion can be used to produce structure‐diversified nanomaterials are summarized along with a presentation of their applications. As a valuable addition to the scientists’ toolbox, metal corrosion strategies can be applied to different metals and their alloys for the production of various nanostructured materials; this also provides insights into how metal corrosion can be further prevented and into how corrosion wastage can be reduced.
On Being Green: Can Flow Chemistry Help?
Authors: Ley Steven V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe principles of Green Chemistry are important but challenging drivers for most modern synthesis programs. To meet these challenges new flow chemistry tools are proving to be very effective by providing improved heat/mass transfer opportunities, lower solvent usage, less waste generation, hazardous compound containment, and the possibility of a 24/7 working regime. This machine‐assisted approach can be used to effect repetitive or routine scale‐up steps or when combined with reagent and scavenger cartridges, to achieve multi‐step synthesis of complex natural products and pharmaceutical agents. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100041
Self‐development
Authors: Kim Koh Jessie Bee , Wang Qi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe self is a multifaceted and complex construct. Each facet of the self and the interrelations between them are examined to understand ‘what is self.’ The neurocognitive, social, and cultural mechanisms underlying the development of self as extended in time and as a meaning system are further examined to understand how children come to acquire a sense of who they are. This includes when and how young children attain cognitive self‐awareness, remember past experiences and imagine future happenings, and acquire a cultural self. The final analysis focuses on the executive function of the self with regard to how children come to emotionally react to and regulate the self. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012 doi: 10.1002/wcs.1187This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Development and Aging
Genetic measures confirm familial relationships and strengthen study design
Authors: Robinson Stacie J. , Walrath Ryan D. , Van Deelen Timothy R. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSocial structure and behavioral interactions between individuals shape basic biological processes, such as breeding; foraging and predator avoidance; movement and dispersal; and disease transmission. We used a targeted trapping strategy to capture kin groups of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during 2007 and 2008 in Sandhill Wildlife Research Area, Wisconsin, USA, in order to observe social behaviors. Because inferring family relationships from observation of behavior is subjective, we used measures of genetic relatedness and parentage assignment tests to determine that our capture strategy was efficient for capturing related pairs (78% of groups contained ≥1 dyad of related animals). The results of our genetic tests verified that study animals were related; therefore, our capture strategy was successful and the assumptions of the research design were met. This demonstrates both the utility of a targeted sampling approach, and the importance of genetic techniques to verify relationships among animals, especially when kin association forms a basis for further biological study or management action. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Therapeutic strategies for hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer: overview
Authors: Sugihara Kenichi , Uetake Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTo determine the treatment strategy for hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer, it is important to take into account whether metastases are still localized in the liver, or whether the tumor has metastasized throughout the body. For liver‐limited metastasis, hepatectomy is the therapeutic strategy that offers the best prospect of improving a patient's prognosis if the case is deemed resectable. In cases when surgery is not indicated for hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer, chemotherapy is the first‐choice treatment. Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer has made vast strides in recent years through advances such as the development of molecular targeted drugs. In cases where chemotherapy is effective and surgical resection becomes possible (conversion chemotherapy), the long‐term prognosis may be good. The value of preoperative chemotherapy in resectable cases (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) has also been reported. The improvement in prognosis achieved by eradicating tiny latent metastases is important in conversion therapy, as well as in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It will be important to achieve further improvements in the prognoses of patients with hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer through a combination of advances in diagnostic imaging, improvements in surgical techniques, and more effective chemotherapy treatments.
Factors predicting survival after post‐transplant hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence
Authors: Toso Christian , Cader Sonia , Mentha‐Dugerdil Ariane , Meeberg Glenda , Majno Pietro , Morard Isabelle , Giostra Emiliano , Berney Thierry , Morel Philippe , Mentha Gilles , Kneteman Norman M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough factors associated with an increased risk of recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been extensively studied, the history of patients with a post‐transplant recurrence is poorly known.MethodsPatients experiencing a post‐transplant HCC recurrence from 1996 to 2011 in two transplant programs were included. Demographic, transplant, and post‐recurrence variables were assessed.ResultsThirty patients experienced an HCC recurrence—22 men and 8 women with a mean age of 55 ± 6 years. Sixteen (53 %) were outside the Milan criteria at the time of transplantation. Most recurrences (60 %) appeared within the first 18 months after transplantation, ranging between 1.7 and 109 months (median 14.2 months). Mean post‐recurrence survival was 33 ± 31 months. On univariate analysis, total tumor volume (TTV;p = 0.047), microvascular invasion (p = 0.011), and time from transplant to recurrence (p = 0.001) predicted post‐recurrence survival. On multivariate analysis, both time from transplant to recurrence (p = 0.001) and history of rejection (p = 0.043), but not the location of the recurrence or the type of recurrence treatment, predicted post‐recurrence survival.ConclusionThis study suggests that patients with early post‐transplant HCC recurrence have worse outcomes. Those with a history of graft rejection have better survivals, possibly due to more active anti‐cancer immunity.
Anorexia, undernutrition, weight loss, sarcopenia, and cachexia of aging
Authors: Hao Ruirui , Guo Hong 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
During the period between 2000 and 2030, the number of persons older than 65 years is projected to grow from 550 to 937 million worldwide. Globally, this growth represents an increase from 6.9 to 12 %. Studies have found that 74.6 % of women and 67.4 % of men aged 65 years or older suffer from many clinical and subclinical syndromes and problems, including anorexia, undernutrition, weight loss, sarcopenia, and cachexia, which are often overlooked or managed inadequately. These issues are very common in the elder. The key clinical question is whether these changes in the elder are distinct entities or an interdependent continuum. In this article, we reviewed these issues of related basic, clinical knowledge. The purpose of this review is to enhance the recognition of anorexia, undernutrition, weight loss, sarcopenia, and cachexia.
A New Method for Clearing Dyed Polyester Fabrics by Gemini Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Safa Matin , Gharanjig Kamaladin , Khajavi Ramin , Jalili Mojtaba 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the study, a new treatment with cationic surfactants was proposed to remove deposited disperse dyes from polyester fabrics as an alternative to the traditional reduction clearing process. For this purpose, dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and two gemini cationic surfactants (12‐4‐12 and 14‐4‐14) were investigated and the optimum operating conditions were obtained using a central composite design. Findings indicated that gemini cationic surfactants can be considered as the best candidates to remove deposited disperse dyes from polyester fabrics. This was confirmed by the results of the scanning electron microscope images, fastness properties and spectrophotometry.
Molekulare Karyotypisierung in der Diagnostik neurokognitiver Entwicklungsstörungen
Authors: Oneda B. , Rauch A. 
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Ursache neurokognitiver Entwicklungsstörungen mit Intelligenzminderung stellt eine der häufigsten Fragestellungen in der genetischen Sprechstunde dar. Obwohl mehr als 400 krankheitsverursachende Einzelgendefekte bekannt sind, machen Chromosomenaberrationen derzeit den größten Anteil der bekannten Ursachen aus. Mittels hochauflösender Array-Techniken lassen sich nach Ausschluss des Down-Syndroms bei unselektionierten Patienten in 18% der Fälle relevante chromosomale Imbalancen nachweisen, wobei die Aberrationen nur in 4% der Fälle auch primär mikroskopisch sichtbar wären. Mit zunehmender Auflösung steigt jedoch auch die Rate an detektierten Kopienzahl-Normvarianten, welche die Beurteilung der Befunde erschweren können. Indikatoren für krankheitsrelevante Aberrationen sind Aberrationsgröße, Gengehalt und Segregation innerhalb der Familie. Eine Kausalität kann letztlich aber nur dann belegt werden, wenn Vergleichsfälle mit ähnlichem Genotyp und Phänotyp vorliegen.
Geochemical features and geodynamic setting of formation of the Lukinda dunite–troctolite–gabbro massif (southeastern framing of the Siberian Platform)
Authors: Buchko I.V. , Sorokin A.A. , Ponomarchuk V.A. , Izokh A.E. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The Lukinda dunite–troctolite–gabbro massif in the Selenga–Stanovoy superterrane on the southeastern framing of the Siberian Platform was earlier considered Precambrian. The performed 40Ar/39Ar dating of the massif plagioclase yielded an Early Permian age (285 ± 7.5 Ma). The main specific petrochemical features of the intrusion rocks during their crystallization differentiation are an increase in SiO2 and CaO contents and a decrease in FeOtot content, with TiO2 content remaining low and showing minor variations. A specific geochemical feature of the Lukinda massif ultrabasite–basites is a slight domination of LREE over HREE, with (La/Yb)N = 1.0–8.2. The depletion of the massif rocks in LILE (except for Sr and Ba), REE, and HFSE suggests that the massif formed on an active continental margin.
A temperature-dependent dielectric model for waterand oil-containing rocks in the frequency range from 0.5 to 15 GHz
Authors: Epov M.I. , Savin I.V. , Mironov V.L. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Dielectric spectra of water-containing rocks forming a mineral framework of the oil-saturated bed (clay minerals amount to &lt;16%) were measured in the frequency range from 500 MHz to 15 GHz and in the temperature range from 20 to 80 °C. A physical model for computing spectra of the dielectric permittivity and effective conductivity of the studied rocks has been elaborated. Its input parameters are water (salt solution) content and temperature. The errors of the computed spectra relative to the measured ones are estimated.
XXXI.—A few Notices respecting William Lynwode, Judge of the Arches, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Bishop of St. David's. By Joseph Hunter, F.S.A.
Authors: Hunter Joseph 
Published: June 2012

Having been so particularly called upon, at the last Meeting of the Society, to look into the state of our information respecting Lynwode, one of our most celebrated countrymen, and to report the result, I should have been wanting in proper respect to the President and the Society if I had not taken some little pains to put myself in the condition to do what was required of me.Previous to the time of Leland, little if anything had been done to collect the facts in the lives of eminent Englishmen of whatever class, and to form what may be called a Body of English Biography. This was, however, a task which that diligent antiquary undertook, and his work has formed the basis of all subsequent accounts of English authors who lived before the Reformation. Of Lynwode he gives what are the main facts in any history that might be written of him.
XX.—An Account of the Officers in a Manor in Oxfordshire, with Remarks upon the Hide of Land. In a Letter to Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N., K.S.F., Director of the Society of Antiquaries. By Benjamin Williams, Esq., F.S.A.
Authors: Williams Benjamin 
Published: June 2012

I will now endeavour to give you an account of the constitution of a Manor in Oxfordshire, which, as far as I can ascertain, is unique, and evidently bears the impress of antiquity.You will probably trace, at first sight, a resemblance between the “four Grass-stewards and the Sixteens” of Cote, and the four Primarii Forestarii and the sixteen Theynes of the Swein-mót referred to in the Charta de Foresta of Henry I.; but possibly these customs may be remnants of the Anglo-Saxon Mark-mót, for traces of the hide of land “cum pertinentibus”—i.e. with a house and toft, the rights of estovers, of common for cattle, and of a portion of separate pasture for hay—may be traced before the Conquest, and will be hereafter noticed; and a Saxon interpreter of Bede, quoted by Ducange (voce Hida) remarks that a hide was “Domus cum adjuncta agri ad colendum portione.” The 64 “yeard-lands,” or 16 hides, of the manor, and the “Sixteens” as the annual representatives are called, with their 4 Grass-stewards (always chosen from the most influential of the yeomen), strongly resemble the inter-communal arrangements of the Anglo-Saxons, who frequently adopted, as Lappenberg remarks, some multiple of 8 in their cycles, &c. It is however but right to observe that the manor did not always consist of 64 yard-lands, for 9 yards were added, rather more than two centuries ago, from the neighbouring manor of Shifford, although they may notwithstanding have belonged to one community, for these lands were intermingled with the rest.