bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension in the Netherlands
Authors: van Loon Rosa Laura E. , Roofthooft Marcus T.R. , Hillege Hans L. , ten Harkel Arend D.J. , van Osch-Gevers Magdalena , Delhaas Tammo , Kapusta Livia , Strengers Jan L.M. , Rammeloo Lukas , Clur Sally-Ann B. , Mulder Barbara J.M. , Berger Rolf M.F. 
Published: September 2011

Background—
Incidence and prevalence rates for pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are unknown. This study describes the nationwide epidemiological features of pediatric PH in the Netherlands during a 15-year period and the clinical course of pediatric PAH.

Methods and Results—
Two registries were used to retrospectively identify children (0–17 years) with PH. Overall, 3263 pediatric patients were identified with PH due to left heart disease (n=160; 5%), lung disease/hypoxemia (n=253; 8%), thromboembolic disease (n=5; <1%), and transient (n=2691; 82%) and progressive (n=154; 5%) PAH. Transient PAH included persistent PH of the newborn and children with congenital heart defects (CHD) and systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, in whom PAH resolved after successful shunt correction. Progressive PAH mainly included idiopathic PAH (n=36; iPAH) and PAH associated with CHD (n=111; PAH-CHD). Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD represented highly heterogeneous subgroups. Syndromes were frequently present, especially in progressive PAH (n=60; 39%). Survival for PAH-CHD varied depending on the subgroups, some showing better and others showing worse survival than for iPAH. Survival of children with Eisenmenger syndrome appeared worse than reported in adults. For iPAH and PAH-CHD, annual incidence and point prevalence averaged, respectively, 0.7 and 4.4 (iPAH) and 2.2 and 15.6 (PAH-CHD) cases per million children. Compared to studies in adults, iPAH occurred less whereas PAH-CHD occurred more frequently.

Conclusions—
Pediatric PH is characterized by various age-specific diagnoses, the majority of which comprise transient forms of PAH. Incidence of pediatric iPAH is lower whereas incidence of pediatric PAH-CHD is higher than reported in adults. Pediatric PAH-CHD represents a heterogeneous group with highly variable clinical courses.
Myocardial Structure, Function, and Scar in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Turkbey Evrim B. , Backlund Jye-Yu C. , Genuth Saul , Jain Aditya , Miao Cuilian , Cleary Patricia A. , Lachin John M. , Nathan David M. , van der Geest Rob J. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Liu Chia-Ying , Lima João A.C. , Bluemke David A. ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: September 2011

Background—
We report relationships between cardiovascular disease risk factors and myocardial structure, function, and scar in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study.

Methods and Results—

Cardiac magnetic resonance was obtained in 1017 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Gadolinium cardiac magnetic resonance was also obtained in 741 patients. The mean age was 49±7 years; 52% were men; and mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 28±5 years. Associations of cardiovascular disease risk factors with cardiac magnetic resonance parameters were examined with linear and logistic regression models. History of macroalbuminuria was positively associated with left ventricular mass (by 14.8 g), leading to a significantly higher ratio of left ventricular mass to end-diastolic volume (by 8%). Mean hemoglobin A
1c
levels over the preceding 22 years were inversely associated with end-diastolic volume (−3.0 mL per unit mean hemoglobin A
1c
percent) and stroke volume (−2.3 mL per unit mean hemoglobin A
1c
percent) and positively related to the ratio of elevated left ventricular mass to end-diastolic volume (0.02 g/mL per unit). The overall prevalence of myocardial scar was 4.3% by cardiac magnetic resonance and 1.4% by clinical adjudication of myocardial infarction. Both mean hemoglobin A
1c
(odds ratio, 1.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.0–2.2] per unit) and macroalbuminuria (odds ratio, 3.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.2–9.9]) were significantly associated with myocardial scar and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Conclusions—

In addition to traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, elevated mean hemoglobin A
1c
and macroalbuminuria were significantly associated with alterations in left ventricular structure and function. The prevalence of myocardial scar was 4.3% in this subcohort of DCCT/EDIC participants with relatively preserved renal function.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT00360893 and NCT00360815.
Assimilating Airborne Doppler Radar Observations with an Ensemble Kalman Filter for Convection-Permitting Hurricane Initialization and Prediction: Katrina (2005)
Authors: Weng Yonghui , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Through a Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF)-based ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation system, the impact of assimilating airborne radar observations for the convection-permitting analysis and prediction of Hurricane Katrina (2005) is examined in this study. A forecast initialized from EnKF analyses of airborne radar observations had substantially smaller hurricane track forecast errors than NOAA’s operational forecasts and a control forecast initialized from NCEP analysis data for lead times up to 120 h. Verifications against independent in situ and remotely sensed observations show that EnKF analyses successfully depict the inner-core structure of the hurricane vortex in terms of both dynamic (wind) and thermodynamic (temperature and moisture) fields. In addition to the improved analyses and deterministic forecast, an ensemble of forecasts initiated from the EnKF analyses also provided forecast uncertainty estimates for the hurricane track and intensity.
Also documented here are the details of a series of data thinning and quality control procedures that were developed to generate superobservations from large volumes of airborne radial velocity measurements. These procedures have since been implemented operationally on the NOAA hurricane reconnaissance aircraft that allows for more efficient real-time transmission of airborne radar observations to the ground.
In Situ Observations of Madden–Julian Oscillation Mixed Layer Dynamics in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans
Authors: Drushka Kyla , Sprintall Janet , Gille Sarah T. , Wijffels Susan 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The boreal winter response of the ocean mixed layer to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in the Indo-Pacific region is determined using in situ observations from the Argo profiling float dataset. Composite averages over numerous events reveal that the MJO forces systematic variations in mixed layer depth and temperature throughout the domain. Strong MJO mixed layer depth anomalies (&gt;15 m peak to peak) are observed in the central Indian Ocean and in the far western Pacific Ocean. The strongest mixed layer temperature variations (&gt;0.6°C peak to peak) are found in the central Indian Ocean and in the region between northwest Australia and Java. A heat budget analysis is used to evaluate which processes are responsible for mixed layer temperature variations at MJO time scales. Though uncertainties in the heat budget are on the same order as the temperature trend, the analysis nonetheless demonstrates that mixed layer temperature variations associated with the canonical MJO are driven largely by anomalous net surface heat flux. Net heat flux is dominated by anomalies in shortwave and latent heat fluxes, the relative importance of which varies between active and suppressed MJO conditions. Additionally, rapid deepening of the mixed layer in the central Indian Ocean during the onset of active MJO conditions induces significant basin-wide entrainment cooling. In the central equatorial Indian Ocean, MJO-induced variations in mixed layer depth can modulate net surface heat flux, and therefore mixed layer temperature variations, by up to ~40%. This highlights the importance of correctly representing intraseasonal mixed layer depth variations in climate models in order to accurately simulate mixed layer temperature, and thus air–sea interaction, associated with the MJO.
Metallization of inert polyethylene terephthalate textile materials: Wet-chemical silvering with natural and synthetic polyamine, part I
Authors: Onggar Toty , Cheng Tong , Hund Hieke , Hund Rolf-Dieter , Cherif Chokri 
Published: September 2011

The wet-chemical functionalization and modification of the inert textile fiber surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was metalized by using natural and synthetic polyamine with new coating procedures. The developed wet-chemical procedures in this research are based on the use of short- and long-chain amines, which consist of at least two amine groups, and which are well-suited to form a silver diamine complex. The silvered PET was coated by cationic silver. After the chemical reduction, the cationic silver turns into metallic particles on the surface of PET. The surface morphology, that is, homogeneity of the layer, cracking, casing, and the fiber surface with metallic silver particles was determined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The particle size, as well as the layer thickness, was calculated by the SIS program. The adhesion characterization of the applied silver layers on the PET was tested by a washing fastness check.
Characteristics of ESD-Promoting Strategies in China’s Basic Education
Authors: Qiaoling Wang 
Published: September 2011

This article describes how education for sustainable development (ESD) has been integrated into education in China over the past decade through the efforts of the secretariat of a national steering committee working with UNESCO in conjunction with the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. ESD is now part of a new national education plan in China. The author found six principal methods that successfully promoted ESD in China: (a) Using a theoretical framework as the driving force; (b) Public educational policies made on the basis of education research; (c) Regional educational reform that meets the needs of local sustainable development; (d) Curriculum teaching methods constituted with features of ESD; (e) ESD characteristics integrated in the physical plant of the campus; and (f) Chinese–foreign exchange and cooperation in ESD at various levels.
CD40 stimulation sensitizes CLL cells to lysosomal cell death induction by type II anti-CD20 mAb GA101
Authors: Jak Margot , van Bochove Gregor G. W. , Reits Eric A. , Kallemeijn Wouter W. , Tromp Jacqueline M. , Umana Pablo , Klein Christian , van Lier Rene A. W. , van Oers Marinus H. J. , Eldering Eric 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to anti-CD20 mAbs is low and, therefore, the efficacy of monotherapy with current anti-CD20 mAbs is limited. At present, it is not known whether sensitivity of CLL cells to CD20 mAbs is modulated by microenvironmental stimuli. We have shown previously that in vitro CD40 stimulation of peripheral blood–derived CLL cells results in resistance to cytotoxic drugs. In the present study, we show that, in contrast, CD40 stimulation sensitizes CLL cells to the recently described novel type II anti-CD20 mAb GA101. Cell death occurred without cross-linking of GA101 and involved a lysosome-dependent mechanism. Combining GA101 with various cytotoxic drugs resulted in additive cell death, not only in CD40-stimulated CLL cells, but also in p53-dysfunctional CLL cells. Our findings indicate that GA101 has efficacy against chemoresistant CLL, and provide a rationale for combining cytotoxic drugs with anti-CD20 mAbs.
Novel treatment concepts for graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Wolf Dominik , von Lilienfeld-Toal Marie , Wolf Anna Maria , Schleuning Michael , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Held Stefanie A. E. , Brossart Peter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAcute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are potentially lethal complications after stem cell transplantation (SCT). Steroids are the appropriate first-line treatment for both. However, if patients do not adequately benefit from steroid therapy, mortality is high and standardized treatment algorithms are lacking. This is mainly because of limited data from prospective, randomized clinical trials. In addition, most of the available treatment options only induce clinical benefits in a limited proportion of patients. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need to develop more potent immunosuppressive treatment strategies for patients suffering from acute or chronic steroid-refractory GVHD while maintaining the graft versus tumor effect to avoid a potential rise in relapse-related mortality. The increasing knowledge about host- as well as donor-derived variables favoring GVHD development and the increasing armamentarium of immune-modulatory agents entering preclinical and clinical research will probably allow more effective treatment of GVHD in the future. This review describes novel developments in the treatment of steroid-refractory GVHD, with a special focus on the rationale behind promising pharmacologic compounds or up-coming cellular therapies.
Alemtuzumab therapy in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: comparing efficacy in a series treated intravenously and a study piloting the subcutaneous route
Authors: Dearden Claire E. , Khot Amit , Else Monica , Hamblin Mike , Grand Effie , Roy Ashok , Hewamana Saman , Matutes Estella , Catovsky Daniel 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Intravenous alemtuzumab is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). Alemtuzumab given intravenously as first-line treatment in 32 patients resulted in an overall response rate of 91% with 81% complete responses. Studies in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia have shown subcutaneous alemtuzumab to be equally as effective as intravenous alemtuzumab. The UKCLL05 pilot study examined the efficacy and toxicity of this more convenient method of administration in 9 previously untreated patients with T-PLL. Only 3 of 9 patients (33%) responded to treatment. Furthermore, 2 of 9 patients (22%) died while on treatment. Recruitment was terminated because of these poor results. After rescue therapy with intravenous alemtuzumab and/or pentostatin, median progression-free survival and overall survival were similar to the intravenous group. Alemtuzumab delivered intravenously, but not subcutaneously, remains the treatment of choice for previously untreated T-PLL. This study is registered at www.eudract.ema.europa.eu as #2004-004636-31.
GOmotif: A web server for investigating the biological role of protein sequence motifs
Authors: Bristow Franklin , He Runtao , Van Domselaar Gary 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Many proteins contain conserved sequence patterns (motifs) that contribute to their functionality. The process of experimentally identifying and validating novel protein motifs can be difficult, expensive, and time consuming. A means for helping to identify in advance the possible function of a novel motif is important to test hypotheses concerning the biological relevance of these motifs, thus reducing experimental trial-and-error.

Results
GOmotif accepts PROSITE and regular expression formatted motifs as input and searches a Gene Ontology annotated protein database using motif search tools. The search returns the set of proteins containing matching motifs and their associated Gene Ontology terms. These results are presented as: 1) a hierarchical, navigable tree separated into the three Gene Ontology biological domains - biological process, cellular component, and molecular function; 2) corresponding pie charts indicating raw and statistically adjusted distributions of the results, and 3) an interactive graphical network view depicting the location of the results in the Gene Ontology.

Conclusions
GOmotif is a web-based tool designed to assist researchers in investigating the biological role of novel protein motifs. GOmotif can be freely accessed at http://www.gomotif.ca
Y-chromosome phylogeny in the evolutionary net of chamois (genus Rupicapra)
Authors: Pérez Trinidad , Hammer Sabine E , Albornoz Jesús , Domínguez Ana 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The chamois, distributed over most of the medium to high altitude mountain ranges of southern Eurasia, provides an excellent model for exploring the effects of historical and evolutionary events on diversification. Populations have been grouped into two species, Rupicapra pyrenaica from southwestern Europe and R. rupicapra from eastern Europe. The study of matrilineal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and biparentally inherited microsatellites showed that the two species are paraphyletic and indicated alternate events of population contraction and dispersal-hybridization in the diversification of chamois. Here we investigate the pattern of variation of the Y-chromosome to obtain information on the patrilineal phylogenetic position of the genus Rupicapra and on the male-specific dispersal of chamois across Europe.

Results
We analyzed the Y-chromosome of 87 males covering the distribution range of the Rupicapra genus. We sequenced a fragment of the SRY gene promoter and characterized the male specific microsatellites UMN2303 and SRYM18. The SRY promoter sequences of two samples of Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) were also determined and compared with the sequences of Bovidae available in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of the alignment showed the clustering of Rupicapra with Capra and the Ammotragus sequence obtained in this study, different from the previously reported sequence of Ammotragus which groups with Ovis. Within Rupicapra, the combined data define 10 Y-chromosome haplotypes forming two haplogroups, which concur with taxonomic classification, instead of the three clades formed for mtDNA and nuclear microsatellites. The variation shows a west-to-east geographical cline of ancestral to derived alleles.

Conclusions
The phylogeny of the SRY-promoter shows an association between Rupicapra and Capra. The position of Ammotragus needs a reinvestigation. The study of ancestral and derived characters in the Y-chromosome suggests that, contrary to the presumed Asian origin, the paternal lineage of chamois originated in the Mediterranean, most probably in the Iberian Peninsula, and dispersed eastwards through serial funding events during the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Quaternary. The diversity of Y-chromosomes in chamois is very low. The differences in patterns of variation among Y-chromosome, mtDNA and biparental microsatellites reflect the evolutionary characteristics of the different markers as well as the effects of sex-biased dispersal and species phylogeography.
Partial sequencing of the bottle gourd genome reveals markers useful for phylogenetic analysis and breeding
Authors: Xu Pei , Wu Xiaohua , Luo Jie , Wang Baogen , Liu Yonghua , Ehlers Jeffrey D , Wang Sha , Lu Zhongfu , Li Guojing 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] is an important cucurbit crop worldwide. Archaeological research indicates that bottle gourd was domesticated more than 10,000 years ago, making it one of the earliest plants cultivated by man. In spite of its widespread importance and long history of cultivation almost nothing has been known about the genome of this species thus far.

Results
We report here the partial sequencing of bottle gourd genome using the 454 GS-FLX Titanium sequencing platform. A total of 150,253 sequence reads, which were assembled into 3,994 contigs and 82,522 singletons were generated. The total length of the non-redundant singletons/assemblies is 32 Mb, theoretically covering ~ 10% of the bottle gourd genome. Functional annotation of the sequences revealed a broad range of functional types, covering all the three top-level ontologies. Comparison of the gene sequences between bottle gourd and the model cucurbit cucumber (Cucumis sativus) revealed a 90% sequence similarity on average. Using the sequence information, 4395 microsatellite-containing sequences were identified and 400 SSR markers were developed, of which 94% amplified bands of anticipated sizes. Transferability of these markers to four other cucurbit species showed obvious decline with increasing phylogenetic distance. From analyzing polymorphisms of a subset of 14 SSR markers assayed on 44 representative China bottle gourd varieties/landraces, a principal coordinates (PCo) analysis output and a UPGMA-based dendrogram were constructed. Bottle gourd accessions tended to group by fruit shape rather than geographic origin, although in certain subclades the lines from the same or close origin did tend to cluster.

Conclusions
This work provides an initial basis for genome characterization, gene isolation and comparative genomics analysis in bottle gourd. The SSR markers developed would facilitate marker assisted breeding schemes for efficient introduction of desired traits.
Transcriptional analysis of cell growth and morphogenesis in the unicellular green alga Micrasterias(Streptophyta), with emphasis on the role of expansin
Authors: Vannerum Katrijn , Huysman Marie JJ , De Rycke Riet , Vuylsteke Marnik , Leliaert Frederik , Pollier Jacob , Lütz-Meindl Ursula , Gillard Jeroen , De Veylder Lieven , Goossens Alain , Inzé Dirk , Vyverman Wim 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundStreptophyte green algae share several characteristics of cell growth and cell wall formation with their relatives, the embryophytic land plants. The multilobed cell wall ofMicrasterias denticulatathat rebuilds symmetrically after cell division and consists of pectin and cellulose, makes this unicellular streptophyte alga an interesting model system to study the molecular controls on cell shape and cell wall formation in green plants.ResultsGenome-wide transcript expression profiling of synchronously growing cells identified 107 genes of which the expression correlated with the growth phase. Four transcripts showed high similarity to expansins that had not been examined previously in green algae. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these genes are most closely related to the plant EXPANSIN A family, although their domain organization is very divergent. A GFP-tagged version of the expansin-resembling protein MdEXP2 localized to the cell wall and in Golgi-derived vesicles. Overexpression phenotypes ranged from lobe elongation to loss of growth polarity and planarity. These results indicate that MdEXP2 can alter the cell wall structure and, thus, might have a function related to that of land plant expansins during cell morphogenesis.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the potential ofM. denticulataas a unicellular model system, in which cell growth mechanisms have been discovered similar to those in land plants. Additionally, evidence is provided that the evolutionary origins of many cell wall components and regulatory genes in embryophytes precede the colonization of land.