bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realizing Value From Implementing i-field™ in Agbami—A Deepwater Greenfield in an Offshore Nigeria Development
Authors: Sankaran Sathish , Olise Moses , Meinert David , Awasthi Ankur 
Published: February 2011

Summary
Digital oil field (DOF) in the upstream industry has gained momentum in the last few years and has transformed from being solely a vision to actual projects that have measurable value. The ultimate goal in DOF projects is an integrated approach toward decision making and control of asset management in relevant time. This paper describes the successful methodology adopted for implementing the i-field™ program (i-field is a trademark of Chevron Corporation) in Agbami—namely, identification, prioritization, and implementation of relevant workflows.
The Agbami field, located in deepwater offshore Nigeria, is a subsea development that incorporates crestal gas and peripheral water injection. It is located in approximately 1500 m of water depth and consists of a 38-well development program to be implemented in three phases. The well completion incorporates intelligent well completions (IWCs)—downhole flowmeters, pressure and temperature gauges, and interval-control valves (ICVs). These downhole accessories are managed using electric and hydraulic controls/instrumentation, with subsurface, subsea, and topside data acquired and transmitted to a central data historian on the floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) unit in relevant time. The implementation of a robust architecture for a data- and informationmanagement system involving acquisition, processing, storage, and replication (from offshore to onshore) is conceived to be the foundation upon which asset-management workflows are implemented.
The expected benefits from implementing the i-field program in Agbami include reduction in lost production opportunity (LPO) through proactive asset management, better long-term reservoir management through time-line management of injection- and production-rate balancing, increased efficiency and reliability through guided workflows, improved ultimate recovery, and better overall performance from standardization of base business work processes. The real value of implementing i-field initiatives in Agbami lies not only in the return on investment but also in providing a benchmark for capturing the value of other assets. Based on field experience, this paper discusses the approach toward value realization of the i-field system, including change-management strategy for end-user acceptance. Critical success factors and lessons learned during deployment are also presented.
Development and Qualification of a New Wirelessly Controlled Retrofit Safety Valve: An Alternative to Well Workover That Enhances Well Safety and Maximizes Production Uptime
Authors: Champion B.P. P , Gandini G.. , Gabbiani A.. 
Published: February 2011

Summary
There are many examples of wells around the world today that are shut in because of failure of surface-controlled subsurface safety valves (SCSSVs). While these valves are generally very reliable, the control line that runs to the surface in the annulus is susceptible to plugging by contaminants in the hydraulic control fluid and also to corrosion, which causes leaks; both are outcomes that render the valve inoperable. The failure of the control line also means that the contingency solution of installing a wireline-retrievable surface-controlled subsurface safety valve (WR-SCSSV) is not possible.
When a safety valve fails, the most common remedial solution today involves installing a subsurface-controlled safety valve (SSCSV), such as an ambient valve or storm choke. While this solution is lower cost and more straightforward than performing a full rig-based well workover, it is not as safe. SSCSVs are directly influenced by changing well-flow conditions, such as high flow rates and low pressures, or by water slugs, and thus are notoriously unpredictable in operation. Additionally, they are not controllable from surface and not fail-safe, which is undesirable from a wellcontrol and safety standpoint.
By transmitting electromagnetic (EM) signals from surface to downhole, it is possible to control downhole hardware. A wirelessly controlled safety valve has been developed that can be retrofitted into a well using conventional slickline intervention equipment and procedures. Being controllable from surface and of a fail-safe closed design, this valve offers both functional and safety advantages over existing SSCSV solutions. This new valve also offers a retrofittable solution for wells having no hydraulic control line installed. In situations where a capillary string may need to be installed for foam- or chemical-injection purposes, it also provides an opportunity to free up the hydraulic control line.
A prototype valve was subjected to qualification and functionality testing in accordance with a modified International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10432 test procedure. This testing was followed by installation in an onshore gas well for a 6-month trial that involved both flowing and injection phases. The valve was cycled and inflow-tested regularly and performed reliably, consistently, and fully in accordance with specification throughout the trial period.
This successful trial of a new wirelessly controlled safety valve marks the introduction of a more-controllable and -predictable alternative to an ambient valve or storm choke, minimizes deferred production, and increases the well's safety. Following the successful onshore trial, the valve is now considered ready for wide-scale field application onshore, and at the time of writing this paper, plans for performing a first trial on an offshore platform are well advanced.
High-Normal HbA1c Is a Strong Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes in the General Population
Authors: Bonora Enzo , Kiechl Stefan , Mayr Agnes , Zoppini Giacomo , Targher Giovanni , Bonadonna Riccardo C. , Willeit Johann 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) recently has been recommended for the diagnosis of diabetes by the American Diabetes Association, but its value in the prediction of type 2 diabetes is poorly understood. In this study we evaluated how high-normal HbA1c levels predict type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured HbA1c in 919 Caucasian subjects, aged 40–79 years, and recorded new cases of type 2 diabetes in the following 15 years. Diabetes was diagnosed with HbA1c.

RESULTS
Subjects were stratified according to baseline HbA1c (&lt;5.0, 5.00–5.49 [reference], 5.50–5.99, and 6.00–6.49%). Sex- and age-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for type 2 diabetes were 1.11 (0.30–4.41), 1.00, 3.79 (1.79–8.06), and 12.50 (5.51–28.34), respectively. Results did not change after adjusting for several putative confounding factors and were confirmed when models with updated variables were used.

CONCLUSIONS
HbA1c is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Subjects with high-normal levels of HbA1c deserve particular attention because they have a strong risk of developing diabetes.
Assessment of the Antifungal Activity of Natural Compounds to Reduce Postharvest Gray Mould (Botrytis Cinerea Pers.: FR.) of Kiwifruits (Actinidia Deliciosa) During Storage
Authors: Shirzad Habib , Hassani Abbas , Ghosta Youbert , Abdollahi Ali , Finidokht Rasool , Meshkatalsadat Mohammad 
Published: February 2011

Assessment of the Antifungal Activity of Natural Compounds to Reduce Postharvest Gray Mould (Botrytis Cinerea Pers.: FR.) of Kiwifruits (Actinidia Deliciosa) During Storage
Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), ajowan (Carum copticum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) were assessed under in vivo condition for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea on kiwifruits. Inoculated and oil-treated fruits were kept in storage, 90 days. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of essential oils showed that with the increase of their concentrations the antifungal activity was increased, but no significant differences were observed. In addition, the quality parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA) and vitamin C reduced in fruits treated with essential oil. Weightloss and firmness values were not affected by essential oil treatment and essential oil treated kiwifruits showed off-flavor in compare to control. Results of this study suggest that application of essential oil to control postharvest pathogens is worthy of future works.
Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in Oilseed Brassica Caused by Insect Pests
Authors: Kular Jagdev , Kumar Sarwan 
Published: February 2011

Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in OilseedBrassicaCaused by Insect PestsA six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of differentBrassicaspecies (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapaandEruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Data on the infestation of insect pests, and seed yield were recorded at weekly intervals and at harvest, respectively. The loss in seed yield, due to mustard aphid and cabbage caterpillar, varied from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent.E. sativasuffered the least loss in seed yield and harboured the minimum population of mustard aphid (2.1 aphids/plant) and cabbage caterpillar (2.4 larvae/plant). On the other hand,B. carinatawas highly susceptible to the cabbage caterpillar (26.2 larvae/plant) and suffered the maximum yield loss (26.4%).
Molecular Approaches to Disease Resistance in Fragaria SPP.
Authors: Korbin Małgorzata 
Published: February 2011

Molecular Approaches to Disease Resistance inFragariaSPP.Resistance to economically important diseases is one of the most desired traits to have in plant crops. TheFragariagenus including 21 wild and cultivated species (Fragariaxananassa), contains genetic sources of diseases resistance that are quite rich but not fully exploited in breeding for resistance. Usefulness of different molecular techniques and high throughput technologies for the dissection of genetic resistance mechanisms and the explanation of plant diversity in relation to pathogens at the DNA level are described in this paper. The descriptions are based on the results of different studies on genome ofFragariathat were carried out in many research institutions in the world. The proposed model of comprehensive exploration of the strawberry genome, summarized with generating resistance markers and identification of genes involved with induction or regulation of plant response to pathogen attack, appear to be very useful in breeding strawberry for resistance.
Multiple Paradigm Research on Organisational Culture: An Introduction of Complexity Paradigm
Authors: Podjed Dan 
Published: February 2011

Multiple Paradigm Research on Organisational Culture: An Introduction of Complexity Paradigm
The author presents multiple paradigm research into the organisational culture of a birdwatching association, where he conducted his ethnographic research. On top of the functionalist, interpretive, radical structuralist and radical humanist paradigms as presented by Gibson Burrell and Gareth Morgan, he applies the fifth paradigm into the analysis of the organisation. The so-called complexity paradigm, which was formed in 1980's based on findings about complex systems and networks that emerged in natural and social sciences, summarizes all other paradigms, integrating them into a coherent unit. According to the author, the approach that exploits the benefits of each previously known paradigm illustrates comprehensively the complexity of organisational cultures, whereas the new paradigm upgrades our previous knowledge on organisations.
Long- to short-term denudation rates in the southern Apennines: geomorphological markers and chronological constraints
Authors: Gioia Dario , Martino Claudio , Schiattarella Marcello 
Published: February 2011

Long- to short-term denudation rates in the southern Apennines: geomorphological markers and chronological constraints
Age constraints of geomorphological markers and consequent estimates of long- to short-term denudation rates from southern Italy are given here. Geomorphic analysis of the valley of the Tanagro River combined with apatite fission track data and radiometric dating provided useful information on the ages and evolution of some significant morphotectonic markers such as regional planated landscapes, erosional land surfaces and fluvial terraces. Reconstruction of paleotopography and estimation of the eroded volumes were perfomed starting from the plano-altimetric distribution of several orders of erosional land surfaces surveyed in the study area. Additional data about denudation rates related to the recent and/or active geomorphological system have been obtained by estimating the amount of suspended sediment yield at the outlet of some catchments using empirical relationships based on the hierarchical arrangement of the drainage network. Denudation rates obtained through these methods have been compared with the sedimentation rates calculated for two adjacent basins (the Pantano di San Gregorio and the Vallo di Diano), on the basis of published tephrochronological constraints. These rates have also been compared with those calculated for the historical sediment accumulation in a small catchment located to the north of the study area, with long-term exhumation data from thermochronometry, and with uplift rates from the study area. Long- and short-term denudation rates are included between 0.1 and 0.2 mm/yr, in good agreement with regional data and long-term sedimentation rates from the Vallo di Diano and the Pantano di San Gregorio Magno basins. On the other hand, higher values of exhumation rates from thermochronometry suggest the existence of past erosional processes faster than the recent and present-day exogenic dismantling. Finally, the comparison between uplift and denudation rates indicates that the fluvial erosion did not match the tectonic uplift during the Quaternary in this sector of the chain. The axial zone of the southern Apennines should therefore be regarded as a landscape in conditions of geomorphological disequilibrium.
Gravity instabilities in the Dohrn Canyon (Bay of Naples, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea): potential wave and run-up (tsunami) reconstruction from a fossil submarine landslide
Authors: di Fiore Vincenzo , Aiello Gemma , D'Argenio Bruno 
Published: February 2011

Gravity instabilities in the Dohrn Canyon (Bay of Naples, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea): potential wave and run-up (tsunami) reconstruction from a fossil submarine landslideWe discuss a mathematical model for wave and run-up generated submarine landslides in the canyons of the Bay of Naples (Magnaghi-Dohrn canyon system). The morpho-bathymetry and submarine gravity instabilities of such incisions have been investigated through the interpretation of a high resolution DEM. The canyons are located in a sector of the bay where there is a variable interaction of volcanic activity (Phlegrean Fields and Ischia and Procida Islands) with sedimentary processes due to the Sarno-Sebeto rivers. At present the Naples canyon-system is inactive, as is shown by the Holocene sedimentary drapes deposited during the present sea-level highstand, but gravity instabilities occurred in the recent past at the canyons' heads. In particular the Dohrn Canyon is characterized by a double regressive head, while the Magnaghi Canyon shows a trilobate head, formed by the junction of three main tributary channels and coincident with the retreat of the shelf break around the 140 m isobath. The results of a simulation of failures in the above source areas show that the amplitude of wave run-up, expressed in terms of the sea floor depth percentage, may range up to 2.5 % of the water depth at the sea bottom.
Quaternary alluvial fan systems of the Agri intermontane basin (southern Italy): tectonic and climatic controls
Authors: Giano Salvatore 
Published: February 2011

Quaternary alluvial fan systems of the Agri intermontane basin (southern Italy): tectonic and climatic controlsThe Agri River high valley is a Quaternary intermontane basin located in southern Italy. The tectonic evolution of this basin was controlled by Lower Pleistocene strike-slip master faults, subsequently reactivated as normal faults until the Middle Pleistocene. The Quaternary sediments of the basin infill are mainly constituted of continental clastics, represented by coarse-grained alluvial deposits divided by unconformities. The arrangement of clastic deposits suggests that the Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial fan system developed along the eastern margin of the valley. Five generations of slope and alluvial fan systems have been recognized in the Agri basin. The oldest fans have formed on both slope and alluvial deposits. The younger alluvial fans are located along the entire valley floor and arose upon the earlier fan apexes originating in these valleys. The youngest fans are arranged in two different generations and show proximal facies distributed along the foot slopes. Plan view morphology, fan slope profiles, and sedimentary features of the fan system have been used here to determine the magnitude of the tectonic deformation episode affecting the faulted mountainous front of the Agri basin eastern margin. Both fast and slow tectonic episodes occurred during the different regional Quaternary tectonic stages that affected the southern Apennine chain. These tectonic episodes have therefore been analysed in relation to climatic conditions in order to determine their contributions to the evolution of the Pleistocene to Holocene fan systems.
Bateaux de Saône: 3000 ans d'évolution
Authors: Bonnamour Louis 
Published: February 2011

Until 1982, our Knowledge ofthe boats used on the Saône before the 19th century was limited to the chance discovery ofseveral small logboats.
Seven of them were found at the end of the last century, in the Upper Saône as well as at Chalon and Tournas. Three of thèse only, the Saint-Albin, Apremont and Rigny dugouts, were able to be saved by the muséums of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Besançon. These discoveries alone, which have been incorrectly dated and little studied or not at ail, could hardly answer the current questions of researchers. It is obvious that during the last decades, the dredging carried out in the lowest water level of the river with more and more powerful means, has led to the destruction oftens or even hundreds of boats from ail periods, mainly around the fordable shallow areas. With rare exceptions, thèse discovenes hâve gone unnoticed for the simple reason that they were quite banal for the dredger workers. Since 1982, within the framework ofthe activities of the « Archeology » section ofthe Museum of Chalon, regular excavation campaigns and underwater prospecting on the Saône bed hâve led to the discovery ofsix new wrecks ranging from the end ofthe Bronze Age to the 19th century. Only three of them have, today, been part of an excavation or salvage programme. Even if all thase small crafts have not been studied exhaustively, the research has, nevertheless, provided a coherent vision of the evolution of boats on the Saône over the last three thousand years.
The logboat in Scotland
Authors: Mowat Robert J. C. 
Published: February 2011

L'embarcation monoxyle, en Ecosse, a depuis longtemps retenu l'attention des archéologues ; son étude est associée à celle d'autres objets d'intérêt ethnographique tels que les cercueils monoxyles, les auges de cuisine et les auges de type «bog butter». Un nombre considérable d'embarcations monoxyles ont été recensées au XVIIIe s. lors de l'assèchement des marais (ce type d'embarcation était alors encore utilisé). Au siècle suivant, d'autres ont été trouvées au cours de fouilles, dans des crannogs {en particulier par Munro) et lors de travaux de construction (docks de Glasgow notamment). De nos jours encore, des embarcations monoxyles sont retrouvées sur des chantiers ou lors de prospections effectuées par des plongeurs amateurs.
Au moins cent-cinquante embarcations monoxyles ont été inventoriées (une trentaine étant enregistrées en détail). La plupart ont été découvertes dans le sud-ouest de l'Ecosse (Dumfries, Galloway, Ayrshire, Glasgow...). Toutefois, les séries identifiées dans certains lochs des Highlands attestent que ces embarcations étaient utilisées ailleurs. Leur rareté apparente dans l'est du pays s'explique probablement par l'absence d'enregistrement.
Presque toutes les embarcations recensées sont deforme simple. Un grand nombre d'entre elles possède des arrières à tableau et porte fréquemment des traces de réparation. Sur certaines, on peut remarquer des virures de plat-bord assemblées ou des pièces (membrures assemblées également) qui paraissent dériver d'une construction à bordé. Elles sont pour la plupart, répertoriées comme étant en « chêne », mais cela peut être dû à une erreur d'enregistrement ou à des différences de conservation. L'une des embarcations (apparemment ancienne) est réalisée en bois tendre.
Dix embarcations monoxyles ont été datées par radiocarbone. La majorité remonte à la période V-XIIe s. apr. J.-C, l'une d'entre elles, est datée du XIXe s. av. J.-C. D'autres ont été construites dans des crannogs (de la fin de la préhistoire ou du début de l'histoire). Les vestiges trouvés dans des sédiments profonds ou de hautes terrasses fluviatiles semblent indiquer qu'il reste encore des embarcations anciennes à découvrir.
Plusieurs embarcations monoxyles sont conservées dans des musées (à Glasgow notamment). L'une d'entre elles a été reconstruite à titre expérimental (à Anstruther), un programme de datation dendrochronologique est en cours. L'auteur prépare actuellement la publication d'un index géographique et d'une analyse typologique.