bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problèmes de traduction du vernaculaire noir américain : le cas de The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Authors: Lavoie Judith 
Published: July 2012

Problèmes de traduction du vernaculaire noir américain : le cas de The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn — Cet article propose une analyse du rôle dévolu au vernaculaire noir américain (VNA) par Mark Twain dans The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn et du traitement qui en a été fait par deux traducteurs français (Suzanne Nétillard, 1948/1973/1985, et André Bay, 1961/1990). L'auteure démontre que la transcription du VNA par Twain répond à deux « tendances esthético-cognitives divergentes » (Lane-Mercier). La première, « philologique », où Twain tente, sans vraiment y parvenir en raison de certains effets de clôture, de rendre compte du parler des personnes de race noire dans l'extratexte; la seconde, « artistique », où il cherche à subvertir, à travers sa représentation du VNA sur le plan scriptural, le discours socio-idéologique propre à sa société. En effet, le VNA assume plusieurs fonctions dans The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: sur le plan esthétique, il crée, au début du roman, un effet de comique; sur le plan social, il identifie le locuteur à son milieu; et sur le plan idéologique, il exprime la position de l'auteur sur l'esclavage et la ségrégation. Or, la tradition française du bien-écrire étant très présente à l'esprit des traducteurs, ces derniers ont plus ou moins pu recréer graphiquement en français un langage caractérisant la voix noire tel que Twain l'avait fait en anglais. Partant, si le VNA n'est pas représenté formellement, toute l'idéologie sous-jacente à sa présence est du même coup atténuée, si ce n'est complètement perdue.
Les noms propres et leurs dérivés dans le vocabulaire de l’intelligence artificielle
Authors: Cormier Monique C. , Fontaine Jean 
Published: July 2012

Les noms propres et leurs dérivés dans le vocabulaire de l'intelligence artificielle – Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude qui porte sur un sujet relativement peu exploré par les terminologues, à savoir la part des noms propres et de leurs dérivés dans la formation des vocabulaires techniques et scientifiques. Nous nous intéressons en particulier dans cet article aux onomastismes qui font partie du vocabulaire de l'intelligence artificielle. L'article se divise en trois parties. Nous présentons tout d'abord les matrices morphosyntaxiques qui composent les onomastismes de l'intelligence artificielle. Nous étudions ensuite les unités terminologiques complexes onomastiques du point de vue du nom propre et de son réfèrent. Enfin, nous examinons ces mêmes unités du point de vue de leur déterminé.
Keeping One’s Distance: Translation and the Play of Possibility
Authors: Cronin Michael 
Published: July 2012

Keeping one's distance: Translation and the play of possibility – This article proposes a ludic theorisation of translation examining the implications of the concept of play for translation theory and translation pedagogy. The equation of play with a simulative mode of action points to the centrality of mechanisms of identification and projection in the translation interpreting classroom. The shift from the pre-operational to the operational level of logic and the metacommunicative and metalinguistic dimensions to play and translation demonstrate the cognitive importance of the latter, in intellectual development and the elaboration of identity. Play, metaphor and translation are linked through the concept of bisociative thinking which grounds the essential creativity of translation and its capacity for discovery. The paradoxical nature of translation and play are considered both in relation to the cognitive possibilities of translation and its contribution to aesthetic renewal. The use of a tripartite division of ludic text types in translator education and the potential of limits are further evidence for the significance of the ludic dimension to translation.
Sympathy for the Devil : enjeux du passage du scénario Le Concert au roman Les Portes tournantes de Jacques Savoie
Authors: Décarie David 
Published: July 2012

Le scénario de moyen métrage Le Concert écrit par Jacques Savoie pour l’ONF de Moncton entre 1983 et 1984 est fascinant pour la relation complexe qu’il entretient avec le roman Les Portes tournantes (1984), dont il constitue en quelque sorte une première version. Cet article s’intéresse au passage qui a lieu, d’un texte à l’autre, entre le personnage d’Alexandre Doyle et celui de Papa John Devil. Le relais des personnages synthétise en effet d’importants changements dans l’écriture et permet d’aborder les questions de l’exil et de l’aliénation, mais également de mieux comprendre une référence filmique importante du scénario et du roman : celle du film The Jazz Singer.
Émile Nelligan entre les mots et les choses, poèmes et textes d’asile
Authors: Michon Jacques 
Published: July 2012

Résumé
Dans les années trente, on redécouvre le poète interné qui se voit bientôt sollicité par les chasseurs d'autographes. Plusieurs centaines d'écrits nous sont parvenus, constituant une petite bibliothèque imaginaire révélatrice de l'état d'esprit de Nelligan à cette époque. Nous examinons ici certaines réécritures de poèmes connus. Plusieurs variantes témoignent d'un effort réel de création et peuvent être considérées comme autant d'exercices en vue de retrouver l'intégrité de la poésie perdue.
Pierre Roubaud, polygraphe et faussaire au Siècle des lumières
Authors: Masse Caroline 
Published: July 2012

Résumé
Pierre Roubaud fut un des plus grands faussaires de notre histoire. Spécialisé dans la contrefaçon littéraire, il a produit une quantité considérable de documents sur lesquels les historiens de la Nouvelle-France et du Canada butent inexorablement. Son oeuvre la plus célèbre, Les Lettres du marquis de Montcalm écrites dans les années 1757, 1758, 1759, attira particulièrement l'attention des chercheurs. Publiée, elle deviendra un document historio-graphique minant le territoire de l'historien. Des éléments nouveaux révèlent des aspects cependant peu connus de ces lettres et règlent définitivement, selon moi, la polémique au sujet de leur attribution; en effet, une source fut occultée: une lettre autobiographique de Pierre Roubaud, écrite en 1776, et qui constitue une pièce majeure au procès que lui ont intenté les historiens. C'est cette source inédite queje veux ici mettre en évidence, tout en traçant un portrait d'ensemble du personnage et de ses écrits.
Notes sur le pictural et le littéraire aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles : le cas de Saint-Luc de La Corne
Authors: Derome Robert 
Published: July 2012

Résumé
L'analyse de deux oeuvres picturales rattachées à l'écrivain Saint-Luc de La Corne (1711-1784) montre bien leur interaction avec le littéraire: son portrait miniature peint à Londres entre 1772 et 1784, qui peut être attribué à E. (Edward?) Vaugban, et la réinterprétation du Naufrage de L'Auguste proposée par Napoléon Bourassa pour décorer l'Hôtel du Parlement en 1883. Cette approche sera appliquée au corpus des autres écrivains étudiés par l'ALAQ, projet dont ces notes accompagnées de six illustrations donnent un bref aperçu.
L’itinéraire d’une écriture au féminin : une lecture féministe de Madeleine Ouellette-Michalska
Authors: Green Mary Jean 
Published: July 2012

Dès ses premiers écrits, Madeleine Ouellette-Michalska travaille à déconstruire la vision exclusivement masculine de la femme, ce qu'elle appelle « les discours de l'oeil ». Dans ses écrits théoriques, elle rêve d'une langue maternelle absente qui permettrait l'expression d'une réalité féminine cachée derrière les mythes du patriarcat. Cette « lecture féministe » de son oeuvre analyse les liens entre ses textes théoriques et sa propre pratique littéraire, surtout ses textes importants des années quatre-vingt, La tentation de dire et La maison Trestler, où elle semble réaliser pleinement son projet théorique.
Discours de l’adolescente dans le récit de jeunesse contemporain : l’exemple de Marie-Francine Hébert
Authors: Guillemette Lucie 
Published: July 2012

L'auteure de l'article examine le discours de l'adolescente au sein de la trilogie romanesque que Marie-Francine Hébert destine à la jeunesse. Plus précisément, l'étude s'attarde aux pratiques discursives d'une jeune protagoniste qui tente de se dégager des discours d'autorité marqués par la domination du masculin sur le féminin. Tout au long des trois récits qui composent la série, la jeune adulte déplace les catégories traditionnelles du masculin et du féminin afin d'exprimer son devenir hors du champ patriarcal. L'analyse présentée ici montre l'émergence d'une subjectivité féminine qui matérialise « la perte de la fiction paternelle » dans le contexte d'une culture postmoderne.
Architecture and Relational Resources: Towards a New Materialist Practice
Authors: Goodbun Jon , Jaschke Karin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe most immediate impact of scarcity on architecture is the insufficient supply of building materials. As Jon Goodbun and Karin Jaschke explain, this requires an engagement with more than the direct influences on the exhaustion of natural resources. Looking beyond the conventional capitalist model of flows driven by ‘the market’, they look at how new ideas on materialism are demanding a radical revision of the relationship between matter and social, economic and political forces.
Error‐Friendliness: How to Deal with the Future Scarcest Resource: the Environmental, Social, Economic Security. That is, How to Design Resilient Socio‐Technical Systems
Authors: Manzini Ezio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAs the network co‐ordinator of DESIS‐Design for Social Innovation towards Sustainability, which links independent design labs in design schools and universities, Ezio Manzini plays a proactive part in promoting a creative and human‐based approach to design. Here, he argues for accommodating the full range of human capability by designing ‘error‐friendly’ systems. The illustrations present co‐design activities promoted by DIS, a Unit of Research in the Indaco Department at the Politecnico di Milano.
Can an Urban Community Run Its own Waste Services Independently?
Authors: Brass Clare , Bowden Flora , McGeevor Kate 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the imminent future, scarcity of resources will require architects to be as engaged with the redesign of services and infrastructure as they are now with the specifying of new materials. This is a situation that will be made all the more urgent by the increasing gap in public spending at a local and national level. Clare Brass, Flora Bowden and Kate McGeevor describe SEED Foundation, an enterprise that advocates new design approaches for sustainability, and explain how FoodLoop, a food waste and food growing project in London, is helping residents of the Maiden Lane Estate in King's Cross to take over the running of a food waste collection scheme without the aid of council funding.
Mapping in Hackney Wick and Fish Island: Observation is Proposition
Authors: Fior Liza 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHackney Wick and Fish Island, adjacent to the London 2012 Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, has developed a special character over time, accommodating 700 artists' and other creatives' studios in old warehouses. The under‐designed ‘scarce’ quality of the public realm contrasts with the highly designed spaces of the Olympic Park. Liza Fior describes how muf has developed an urban strategy that could help assimilate the two sites and cater for the greater expected densities in housing, while retaining the under‐determined character of the existing area.
Norway Was Never So Poor!
Authors: Robbins Edward , Cordua Christian Hermansen , Ascher Barbara E 
Published: July 2012

AbstractProvision of public services is generally associated with a prosperous society. Norway is one of the wealthiest countries in the world, renowned for its social provision. Paradoxically, though, as Edward Robbins, Christian Hermansen Cordua and Barbara E Ascher highlight in this article, the general perception that Norway has never been so poor is misguided, as is the government's current justification for withdrawing investment due to a lack of funds. For the period of greatest support for social housing corresponded to a period of austerity and slow recovery, immediately after the war, rather than that of greatest prosperity after the discovery of North Sea oil in Norwegian waters in the late 1960s.
Is Sustainability Just Another “Ism”?
Authors: Hartman Hattie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHere Hattie Hartman, author of a significant new book London 2012: Sustainable Design: Delivering an Olympic Legacy, and Sustainability Editor of The Architects' Journal (AJ), argues sustainability's corner. Is there a danger that a new emphasis on scarcity per se fails to acknowledge the considerable inroads that have been made by design professionals and the construction industry in developing a more sustainable built environment? Should the complexity of low‐carbon building regulations and intimidating certification systems alone be sufficient reason to abandon a project that is showing signs of gaining ground and effectively disseminating its knowledge base?
POEMS syndrome: Update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Dispenzieri* Angela 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDisease overview:POEMS syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome due to an underlying plasma cell neoplasm. The major criteria for the syndrome are polyradiculoneuropathy, clonal plasma cell disorder (PCD), sclerotic bone lesions, elevated vascular endothelial growth factor, and the presence of Castleman disease. Minor features include organomegaly, endocrinopathy, characteristic skin changes, papilledema, extravascular volume overload, and thrombocytosis. Diagnoses are often delayed because the syndrome is rare and can be mistaken for other neurologic disorders, most commonly chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. POEMS syndrome should be distinguished from the Castleman disease variant of POEMS syndrome, which has no clonal PCD and typically little to no peripheral neuropathy but has several of the minor diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome.Diagnosis:The diagnosis of POEMS syndrome is made with 3 of the major criteria, two of which must include polyradiculoneuropathy and clonal plasma cell disorder, and at least one of the minor criteria.Risk stratification:Because the pathogenesis of the syndrome is not well understood, risk stratification is limited to clinical phenotype rather than specific molecular markers. The number of clinical criteria is not prognostic, but the extent of the plasma cell disorder is. Those patients with an iliac crest bone marrow biopsy that does not reveal a plasma cell clone are candidates for local radiation therapy; those with a more extensive or disseminated clone will be candidates for systemic therapy.Risk‐adapted therapy:For those patients with a dominant sclerotic plasmacytoma, first line therapy is irradiation. Patients with diffuse sclerotic lesions or disseminated bone marrow involvement and for those who have progression of their disease 3 to 6 months after completing radiation therapy should receive systemic therapy. Corticosteroids are temporizing, but alkylators are the mainstay of treatment, either in the form of low dose conventional therapy or high dose with stem cell transplantation. The benefit of anti‐VEGF antibodies is conflicting. Lenalidomide shows promise with manageable toxicity. Thalidomide and bortezomib also have activity, but their benefit needs to be weighed against their risk of exacerbating the peripheral neuropathy. Prompt recognition and institution of both supportive care measures and therapy directed against the plasma cell result in the best outcomes. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth charts of Down syndrome in Egypt: A study of 434 children 0–36 months of age
Authors: Afifi Hanan H. , Aglan Mona S. , Zaki Moushira E. , Thomas Manal M. , Tosson Angie M.S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of the study was to construct new reference growth charts for weight, length and head circumference of Egyptian children with Down syndrome (DS) from birth to 36 months of age. These specific charts may be used by health professionals involved in medical, physical and developmental care of Egyptian children with Down syndrome. The study included 434 children with non‐disjunction trisomy 21, 0–36 months of age. They were 54.4% males and 45.6% females and had no concomitant chronic disease (congenital heart disease, gastrointestinal malformations, hypothyroidism, and blood disorders). Overall, 1,955 observations were performed of weight, length and head circumference. The data for each sex were divided into 37 different age groups with 1‐month intervals. All measurements were taken using standardized equipments and following the international recommendations. Values were statistically analyzed and growth curves were plotted as means and standard deviations (SD). Growth measurements evaluated in all age groups of both sexes were significantly lower than those of the controls. There was a gender difference in weight, length and head circumference, males with Down syndrome had higher values. In conclusion, we suggest that these new growth charts specific for Down syndrome children may be used in optimizing direct Egyptian DS children care and in providing anticipatory guidance in term of optimal physical growth and early detection of hidden factors affecting growth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization of ABO blood group frequencies in pre‐Columbian Peruvian highlanders
Authors: Georges Léa , Seidenberg Verena , Hummel Susanne , Fehren‐Schmitz Lars 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe majority of Native Americans nearly exclusively belong to group O of the ABO blood group system. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain this observation, primarily differing by the presumption that the observed patterns of ABO diversity are due to the processes of the initial peopling of the Americas or due to subsequent events, especially the demographic consequences in the wake of European contact. A promising strategy to reveal possible diachronic ABO frequency changes is the molecular genetic analysis of relevant genetic markers in precontact populations. A previous study by Halverson and Bolnick [Am J Phys Anthropol 137 (2008) 342‐347] already accomplished this for indigenous North American populations. Here we present the first study to analyze ABO blood types from pre‐Columbian individuals from South America using molecular genetic methods and comparing them to several extant South American, North American, and Siberian populations. We tried to determine ABO blood types for 59 individuals from the southern Peruvian highlands dating to ∼650 to 1250 AD using a newly developed multiplex PCR/SBE assay coamplifying the fragments relevant for blood type determination and three highly discriminating autosomal STRs. Analysis was successful for 31 individuals and revealed that all are exclusively in the O group, predominantly carrying the O02 (01v) allele. No significant difference could be observed between the ancient and modern Native American populations, while all significantly differed from the extant Siberian populations, supporting the suggestion that low ABO diversity results from founder effects during the initial peopling of the Americas. Am J Phys Anthropol 149:242–249, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Central axons preparing to myelinate are highly sensitivity to ischemic injury
Authors: Alix James J. P. , Zammit Christian , Riddle Art , Meshul Charles K. , Back Stephen A. , Valentino Mario , Fern Robert 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:Developing central white matter is subject to ischemic‐type injury during the period that precedes myelination. At this stage in maturation, central axons initiate a program of radial expansion and ion channel redistribution. Here we test the hypothesis that during radial expansion axons display heightened ischemic sensitivity, when clusters of Ca2+ channels decorate future node of Ranvier sites.Methods:Functionality and morphology of central axons and glia were examined during and after a period of modeled ischemia. Pathological changes in axons undergoing radial expansion were probed using electrophysiological, quantitative ultrastructural, and morphometric analysis in neonatal rodent optic nerve and periventricular white matter axons studied under modeled ischemia in vitro or after hypoxia–ischemia in vivo.Results:Acute ischemic injury of central axons undergoing initial radial expansion was mediated by Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ channels expressed in axolemma clusters. This form of injury operated only in this axon population, which was more sensitive to injury than neighboring myelinated axons, smaller axons yet to initiate radial expansion, astrocytes, or oligodendroglia. A pharmacological strategy designed to protect both small and large diameter premyelinated axons proved 100% protective against acute ischemia studied under modeled ischemia in vitro or after hypoxia–ischemia in vivo.Interpretation:Recent clinical data highlight the importance of axon pathology in developing white matter injury. The elevated susceptibility of early maturing axons to ischemic injury described here may significantly contribute to selective white matter pathology and places these axons alongside preoligodendrocytes as a potential primary target of both injury and therapeutics. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:936–951
Funktionale Blockcopolymere: nanostrukturierte Materialien mit neuen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Schacher Felix H. , Rupar Paul A. , Manners Ian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractModerne Methoden der Polymersynthese eröffnen eine Vielzahl an Möglichkeiten zur zielgerichteten Herstellung von Blockcopolymeren mit maßgeschneiderter Funktionalität. Die Selbstaggregation solcher Makromoleküle in fester Phase oder in Lösung führt zur Bildung nanostrukturierter Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften und möglichen Funktionen. Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit jüngsten Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Blockcopolymer‐basierten Materialien und behandelt eine Auswahl sich entwickelnder Anwendungsfelder.
Mathematical model for the bulk polymerization of styrene using the symmetrical cyclic trifunctional initiator diethyl ketone triperoxide. I. Chemical initiation by sequential decomposition
Authors: Berkenwald E. , Spies C. , Cortez J. R. Cerna , Morales G. , Estenoz D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the use of the symmetrical cyclic trifunctional initiator diethyl ketone triperoxide (DEKTP) in the bulk polymerization of styrene. The experimental study consisted of a series of isothermal batch polymerizations at different temperatures (120 and 130°C) with different initiator concentrations (0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 mol/L). A mathematical model was developed to predict the evolution of the reacting chemical species and the produced molecular weight distributions. The kinetic model included chemical and thermal initiation, propagation, transfer to the monomer, termination by combination, and reinitiation reactions. The simulation results predict the concentration of diradicals, monoradicals, and polymeric chains, characterized by the number of undecomposed peroxide groups. The experimental results showed that at reaction temperatures of 120–130°C, initiation by DEKTP produced an increase in the polymerization rates (Rp's) and average molecular weights, depending on the initiator concentration, due to sequential decomposition. The mathematical model was adjusted and validated with the experimental data. The theoretical predictions were in very good agreement with the experimental results. Also, an optimum initiator concentration was observed that achieved high Rp's and high molecular weights simultaneously. For polymerization temperatures of 120–130°C, the optimum concentration was 0.01 mol/L. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013