bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic connectivity of the reef fishLutjanus kasmiraat the scale of the western Indian Ocean
Authors: Muths D. , Gouws G. , Mwale M. , Tessier E. , Bourjea J. 
Published: April 2012

Examining the genetic structure of species allows an estimate of the level of evolutionary connectivity between localities; this information is important for marine biodiversity protection, in particular, for the delineation of marine protected areas. In this context, a total of 601 Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775) were sampled in 16 localities of the western Indian Ocean and analyzed with both mitochondrial cytochrome b sequencing and eight microsatellite loci genotyping. Both genetic markers indicate that differentiation was not significant even between samples separated by more than 4000 km. This absence of genetic differentiation among samples was favored by ecological plasticity of the species and is now ensured by resultant high levels of dispersal. Nevertheless, some significant genetic structure was detected for the areas of Mauritius and Moroni, as well as within populations in all localities, which will have to be explained by additional studies on local processes.
Identifying river of origin for age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeons in the Missouri and Mississippi rivers using fin ray microchemistry
Authors: Phelps Quinton E. , Whitledge Gregory W. , Tripp Sara J. , Smith Kurt T. , Garvey James E. , Herzog David P. , Ostendorf David E. , Ridings Joseph W. , Crites Jason W. , Hrabik Robert A. , Doyle Wyatt J. , Hill Tracy D. 
Published: April 2012

Understanding linkages between natal and nursery habitats is critical for conservation of riverine fishes. Scaphirhynchus sturgeons inhabiting the middle Mississippi River may originate from the Missouri or Mississippi rivers, although relative importance of these recruitment sources is unknown. We characterized the relationship between water and sturgeon fin ray Sr:Ca, verified shifts in water Sr:Ca are recorded in age-0 sturgeon fin rays, and determined whether age-0 sturgeons from the Mississippi and Missouri rivers exhibited distinct fin ray Sr:Ca signatures. Fin ray Sr:Ca of laboratory-reared fish reflected transfer from water with elevated Sr:Ca to ambient water 1 day posthatch, indicating that short-term residency in environments can be detected. Nine of 30 age-0 fish captured in the middle Mississippi River were Missouri River emigrants. Four of these emigrants originated in the upper portion of the lower Missouri River (≥589 km upstream from its mouth), where water Sr:Ca is higher compared with the lowermost section of the Missouri River and the Mississippi River. Twenty-five of 30 fish collected from the lowermost section of the Missouri River originated within this river segment; the remainder originated upriver. Fin ray Sr:Ca enables identification of natal river segment for age-0 sturgeons and contributions of river segments to sturgeon recruitment.
Habitat selection and fidelity by White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis): generalist species, specialist individuals?
Authors: Rousseau Patrick , Desrochers André , Hadley Adam S. 
Published: April 2012

Individuals from habitat generalist species are often thought to be habitat generalist themselves, but this assumption should be examined in light of mounting evidence for native and phenotypic habitat preference. We experimentally tested whether the White-throated Sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin, 1789)) exhibits habitat preferences at the individual level. The White-throated Sparrow was a habitat generalist species in our study area, with high occupancy of clearcuts as well as mature forests. However, males in mature forests whose territories were clear-cut in the winter following their breeding season (n = 14), dispersed twice as far as males from uncut mature forests (n = 21). New territories selected by males after clearcuts contained significantly more mature forest than what remained in the territory that they abandoned, but not as much mature forest as was found in their former territory. Gain in uncut habitat after dispersal was positively correlated with dispersal distance. Clear-cut locations left vacant by dispersing males were colonized by new conspecifics. Our results suggest that individual sparrows use only a subset of their species’ wide range of habitats. We question the assumption that individuals from a generalist species are versatile and unlikely to be affected by habitat disturbance.
SYMMETRIES AND ADJUNCTION INEQUALITIES FOR KNOT FLOER HOMOLOGY
Authors: SAHAMIE BIJAN 
Published: April 2012

We derive symmetries and adjunction inequalities of the knot Floer homology groups which appear to be especially interesting for homologically essential knots. Furthermore, we obtain an adjunction inequality for cobordism maps in knot Floer homologies. We demonstrate the adjunction inequalities and symmetries in explicit calculations which recover some of the main results from [E. Eftekhary, Longitude Floer homology and the Whitehead double, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 5 (2005) 1389–1418] on longitude Floer homology and also give rise to vanishing results on knot Floer homologies.
α1AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Vascular Protective Effects of Exercise
Authors: Kröller-Schön Swenja , Jansen Thomas , Hauptmann Felix , Schüler Andrea , Heeren Tjebo , Hausding Michael , Oelze Matthias , Viollet Benoit , Keaney John F. , Wenzel Philip , Daiber Andreas , Münzel Thomas , Schulz Eberhard 
Published: April 2012

Objective—
We investigated whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may be involved in the signaling processes leading to exercise-mediated vascular protection.

Methods and Results—

The effects of voluntary exercise on AMPK activity, endothelial NO synthase expression and phosphorylation, vascular reactive oxygen species formation, and cell senescence were tested in α1AMPK knockout and corresponding wild-type mice. Exercise significantly improved endothelial function, and increased plasma nitrite production in wild-type mice, associated with an activation of aortic AMPK assessed by its phosphorylation at threonine 172. In addition, regular physical activity resulted in an upregulation of endothelial NO synthase protein, serine 1177 endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation, and an increase of circulating Tie-2
+
Sca-1
+
Flk-1
+
myeloid progenitor cells. All these changes were absent after α1AMPK deletion. In addition, exercise increased the expression of important regulators of the antioxidative defense including heme oxygenase-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, decreased aortic reactive oxygen species levels, and prevented endothelial cell senescence in an α1AMPK-dependent manner.

Conclusion—
Intact α1AMPK signaling is required for the signaling events leading to the manifestation of vascular protective effects during exercise. Pharmacological AMPK activation might be a novel approach in the near future to simulate the beneficial vascular effects of physical activity.
Potential Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers of Coronary Remodeling in Older Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Lin Kai , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Liu Ying , Bi Xiaoming , Li Debiao , Carr James C. 
Published: April 2012

Objective—
To detect differences in potential magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of coronary remodeling between older hypertensive patients and healthy controls.

Methods and Results—
Two-dimensional black-blood coronary wall magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography were performed on 130 participants (65–84 years), including 65 hypertensive patients and 65 healthy controls. Coronary segments derived from hypertensive participants had a higher mean coronary wall thickness, a smaller vessel area, a smaller coronary wall area, a smaller lumen area, a lower coro­nary distensibility index, and a higher percent of the coronary wall occupying the vessel area (PWOV) than those from healthy controls. When the average PWOV was set as an ad hoc cutoff point, coronary segments with a high PWOV had a significantly higher mean wall thickness, a higher maximum wall thickness, a smaller vessel area, a smaller lumen area, a lower coronary distensibility index, and a higher coronary plaque index compared with coronary segments with a low PWOV.

Conclusion—
Magnetic resonance techniques are able to noninvasively detect significant differences in potential imaging biomarkers of coronary remodeling between older hypertensive patients and healthy controls. The PWOV is a promising remodeling feature for quantitatively evaluating the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
Cadherin 6 Has a Functional Role in Platelet Aggregation and Thrombus Formation
Authors: Dunne Eimear , Spring Christopher M. , Reheman Adili , Jin Wuxun , Berndt Michael C. , Newman Debra K. , Newman Peter J. , Ni Heyu , Kenny Dermot 
Published: April 2012

Objective—
Thrombosis occurs at sites of vascular injury when platelets adhere to subendothelial matrix proteins and to each other. Platelets express many surface receptor proteins, the function of several of these remains poorly characterized. Cadherin 6 is expressed on the platelet surface and contains an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif, suggesting that it might have a supportive role in thrombus formation. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of cadherin 6 in platelet function.

Methods and Results—

Platelet aggregation was inhibited by both antibodies and exogenous soluble cadherin 6. Platelet adhesion to immobilized cadherin 6 was inhibited by arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine tetrapeptides. Antibodies to α
IIb
β
3
inhibited platelet adhesion to cadherin 6. Because platelet aggregation occurs in fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor double-deficient mice, we investigated whether cadherin 6 is an alternative ligand for the integrin α
IIb
β
3
. Platelet aggregation in fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor double-deficient mice was significantly inhibited by an antibody to cadherin 6. In flow-based assays, inhibition of cadherin 6 caused a marked reduction in thrombus formation in both human and mouse blood.

Conclusion—

This study demonstrates the role of cadherin 6 as a novel ligand for α
IIb
β
3
and highlights its function in thrombus formation.
Lipids and Lipoproteins and Risk of Different Vascular Events in the MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study
Authors: Parish Sarah , Offer Alison , Clarke Robert , Hopewell Jemma C. , Hill Michael R. , Otvos James D. , Armitage Jane , Collins Rory 
Published: April 2012

Background—
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are established risk factors for vascular disease, but lipoprotein particle concentrations may be stronger determinants of risk.

Methods and Results—

Associations between vascular events and baseline concentrations of cholesterol fractions, apolipoproteins B and A
1
, and lipoprotein particles assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance were considered in the Heart Protection Study randomized trial of simvastatin versus placebo (>5000 vascular events during 5.3 years of follow-up among 20 000 participants). Major occlusive coronary events were equally strongly associated with the cholesterol- and particle-based total LDL measures; adjusted hazard ratios per 1-SD-higher level were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.34) for LDL cholesterol, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.14–1.32) for non–HDL cholesterol, 1.23 (95% CI, 1.15–1.33) for apolipoprotein B, and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16–1.35) for LDL particle number. Given the total LDL particle number, the distribution between small and large particles did not add predictive value. Associations of these different LDL-related measures were similar with arterial revascularization procedures but much weaker or nonexistent with ischemic stroke and other cardiac events (mainly heart failure). After adjustment for LDL particle number, the hazard ratios for major occlusive coronary event per 1-SD-higher level were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86–0.96) for HDL cholesterol and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85–0.93) for HDL particle number. Other cardiac events were inversely associated with total (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79–0.90) and small (0.82; 95% CI, 0.76–0.89) HDL particle number but only very weakly associated with HDL cholesterol (0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–1.00).

Conclusions—
In a population at 2% average coronary event risk per year, cholesterol, apolipoprotein, and particle measures of LDL were strongly correlated and had similar predictive values for incident major occlusive vascular events. It is unclear whether the associations between HDL particle numbers and other cardiac events represent a causal or reverse-causal effect.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.isrctn.org/
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN48489393.
Comparison of Arterial Spin Labeling and Bolus Perfusion-Weighted Imaging for Detecting Mismatch in Acute Stroke
Authors: Zaharchuk Greg , El Mogy Ibraheem S. , Fischbein Nancy J. , Albers Gregory W. 
Published: April 2012

Background and Purpose—
The perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI)–diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) mismatch paradigm is widely used in stroke imaging studies. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an alternative perfusion method that does not require contrast. This study compares the agreement of ASL-DWI and PWI-DWI mismatch classification in patients with stroke.

Methods—
This was a retrospective study drawn from all 1.5-T MRI studies performed in 2010 at a single institution. Inclusion criteria were: symptom onset <5 days, DWI lesion >10 mL, and acquisition of both PWI and ASL. DWI and PWI time to maximum >6 seconds lesion volumes were determined using automated software. Patients were classified into reperfused, matched, or mismatch groups. Two radiologists classified ASL-DWI qualitatively into the same categories blinded to DWI-PWI. Agreement between both individual readers and methods was assessed.

Results—
Fifty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven cases were excluded (1 due to PWI susceptibility artifact, 2 due to motion, and 4 due to severe ASL border zone sign), resulting in 44 studies for comparison. Interrater agreement for ASL-DWI mismatch status was high (κ=0.92; 95% CI, 0.80–1.00). ASL-DWI and PWI-DWI mismatch categories agreed in 25 of 44 cases (57%). In the 16 of 19 discrepant cases (84%), ASL overestimated the PWI lesion size. In 34 of 44 cases (77%), they agreed regarding the presence of mismatch versus no mismatch.

Conclusion—
Mismatch classification based on ASL and PWI agrees frequently but not perfectly. ASL tends to overestimate the PWI time to maximum lesion volume. Improved ASL methodologies and/or higher field strength are necessary before ASL can be recommended for routine use in acute stroke.
Times From Symptom Onset to Hospital Arrival in the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke Program 2002 to 2009
Authors: Tong David , Reeves Mathew J. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Zhao Xin , Olson DaiWai M. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Schwamm Lee H. , Smith Eric E. 
Published: April 2012

Background and Purpose—
Time from symptom onset to hospital arrival is the most important factor in determining eligibility for intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. We used data from a large contemporary nationwide study to determine temporal trends in the proportions of patients arriving within time windows for potential acute ischemic stroke therapies.

Methods—
Trends in symptom onset to hospital arrival time (“onset-to-door time”) for patients with acute ischemic stroke in the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke (GWTG-Stroke) program were analyzed between 2003 and 2009. Factors associated with early onset-to-door time (≤2 hours) were also examined.

Results—

Between April 2003 and March 2009, 1287 hospitals submitted data on 413 147 patients with acute ischemic stroke of whom 194 352 (47.0%) had a specific onset time documented. Among all 413 147 patients, onset-to-door time was documented as ≤2 hours in 20.6%, ≤3 hours in 25.1%, ≤3.5 hours in 26.8%, and ≤8 hours in 35.8%. Early arrival within 2 hours was significantly associated with emergency medical services transport (
P
<0.0001). There was no substantial change in onset-to-door time over the 6-year study period. Expansion of the tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment window from 3 to 4.5 hours (allowing 60 minutes for provision of tissue-type plasminogen activator) increases the pool of potentially eligible patients by 6.3% (30.1% relative increase).

Conclusions—
More than one fourth of patients with ischemic stroke arrive within the time window for tissue-type plasminogen activator therapy; however, this percentage has remained unchanged over recent years. Further efforts are needed to increase the portion of patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting within the time window for acute interventions.
Changes in Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels Following Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Emadzadeh Mahdi Reza , Alavi Maryam-Sadat , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Mohammadpour Toktam , Rahsepar Amir Ali , Tavallaie Shima , Khojasteh Roshanak , Paydar Roghayeh , Amini Maral , Parizadeh Seyyed Mohammad Reza , Akhlaghi Saeed , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Ferns Gordon A. 
Published: April 2012

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), especially small dense LDL (sdLDL), plays a role in atherogenesis. We compared baseline sdLDL levels between healthy controls and patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Blood samples were taken from patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction ([MI] n = 104) and unstable angina ([UA] n = 100). Both sdLDL and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were determined on admission and in the next 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. Baseline concentration of sdLDL was significantly higher in patients presenting with ACS than controls ( P < .05). In the 24 hours following ACS, the sdLDL levels decreased insignificantly in both groups of patients with ACS ( P > .05). The changes in sdLDL values were not significantly different between MI and UA participants ( P > .05). Patients with ACS have higher concentration of sdLDL compared with the controls.
Design approach for the integration of services in buildings
Authors: Fouchal F , Hassan TM , Loveday L 
Published: April 2012

This paper describes a novel methodology to group building services into a single trunking system at minimal proximal distances between them. The study focused on solving the geometrical complexity encountered in conventional arrangements of building services, while taking into account thermo-physical and electromagnetic interactions between services together with building regulations. The potential solution for delivery and distribution of building services in any number of directions is an ‘onion layers’ type of design, using novel mathematical manipulations based on manifolds of spherical and cylindrical geometries joined using Bezier surfaces. Computer-aided design iterations were undertaken for channelling six building services into a single unit including water, air, electricity and data. It consists of concentric cylindrical-spherical shells superimposed at few millimetres gaps (channels) for which physical prototypes were produced. Practical application: Successfully integrating building services such as water, air, electricity and data into a single trunking delivery system would offer an important advancement in reducing services installation cost, maintenance and the running cost of a building. Current design tools and techniques do not offer any solution for such integration; hence the current development of a multi-services trunking system. Subject to satisfactory compliance with health and safety requirements, plus maintenance issues, the system is proposed for embedding into building construction walls, panels or for placement into a confined space as a first step towards next generation building service. It is foreseen that many industries and business will be involved in the early stage of this development.
Capital structure: The case of firms issuing debt
Authors: Zhu Yushu 
Published: April 2012

This study reinvestigates the relationship between financial leverage and firm characteristics in a cross-sectional setting and a panel setting. Monte-Carlo simulation-based inference results confirm the finding of Barraclough (2007) that a cross-sectional multiple regression model sharing common divisors suffers from a latent spurious ratio problem. To avoid the spurious ratio problem, variables in changes instead of ratios are adopted in two panel models: a first-differenced fixed-effects panel model and a dynamic Generalized Method of Moments panel model. The two models respectively integrate fixed effects (e.g. the persistence nature of financial leverage) and endogeneity features of financial leverage decisions. Model results suggest past realization of debt explains most of the current debt level after controlling for endogeneity. We find no significant association between debt and firm characteristics. JEL Classification: G32, H20
Arthroscopic Treatment of Synovial Chondromatosis of the Hip
Authors: Lee Jung-Bum , Kang Chan , Lee Chang-Hwan , Kim Pil-Sung , Hwang Deuk-Soo 
Published: April 2012

Background: Recently, arthroscopic loose body removal and synovectomy have been performed as treatments for synovial chondromatosis of the hip joint. However, to date, no reports have been published on the outcomes of arthroscopic treatments. Hypothesis: Arthroscopic treatment is effective for synovial chondromatosis of the hip joint and has advantages such as low recurrence rates, faster return to activities of daily life, and few surgical complications. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: From June 1996 to July 2008, 24 patients with synovial chondromatosis of the hip who were followed up after arthroscopic removal of loose bodies and synovectomy were evaluated. The common arthroscopic portals were the anterior, anterolateral, and posterolateral portals. In some cases, we applied a medial portal for removal of loose bodies in the posteromedial pouch. Preoperative and postoperative assessments were made through simple radiographs, 3-dimensional computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion of the joint, Harris Hip Score, and Merle D’Aubigné and Postel score. Results: Postoperative mean follow-up period was 41 months. There were no major complications. Patients were able to walk weightbearing on average 2 days after surgery and were discharged in an average of 3.5 days (range, 3-5 days) after surgery. In postoperative radiological imaging, 4 patients showed progression of joint osteoarthritis, and 1 of them underwent total hip arthroplasty. The VAS score before surgery was 8.1 ± 1.3 and after surgery was 3.1 ± 1.4. Range of motion of the hip joint before surgery was increased after surgery, except in 1 patient who required a third operation. Harris Hip Score before surgery was an average of 39 ± 6.9 and improved to an average of 82 ± 10.2 after surgery. Eighteen patients (75%) had good or excellent outcomes. Symptomatic disease recurred in 4 patients (16.7%), and 1 of these 4 patients showed a subsequent recurrence. Conclusion: The treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the hip using arthroscopic loose body removal and synovectomy is relatively successful, and rehabilitation of patients is fast, therefore making it an effective treatment with satisfactory postsurgical results. However, a technical limitation of arthroscopy is the difficulty in approaching the posterolateral and posteromedial areas of the peripheral compartment.