bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sambucana sheep: a project to save a valley
Authors: Luparia S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryAt the beginning of the 1980's, Sambucana sheep, which have inhabited a valley in the northern Italian region of Cuneo since the Eighteenth century, were on the verge of extinction. In an effort to safeguard the breed, the ‘Comunità Montana’ and local institutes set up a consortium which includes approximately eighty breeders and has entrusted the recovery of the breed's genetic heritage, threatened by repeated cross-breeding with Biellese sheep, to a ram centre. The sales of Sambucana lamb, which is a highly prized meat guaranteed by a specific brand, have increased at the shops in the province served by the consortium, and moreover the economy of mountain communities has benefited from the protection program. A pack of wolves endangering the summer grazing of the sheep at high altitudes could in the future have a negative effect on the purity of the breed and the characteristics of the meat.
Turkey conservation in the United States
Authors: Sponenberg D.P. , Hawes R.O. , Johnson P. , Christman C.J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (ALBC) and the Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities (SPPA) completed censuses of domesticated turkeys in 1997. The ALBC census targeted hatcheries and reported census figures for hens, while counting both hens and toms. Toms were about 10% of hen numbers. The ALBC census revealed that only eight seasonal hatcheries out of a total of 25 maintain breeding flocks, including 7 038 Bronze, 4 600 Large Whites, 664 Bourbon Reds, 381 Royal Palms, 62 Black, 60 Slate, 4 White Holland, and 3 Narragansett hens. The SPPA research included hatcheries and also private breeders, included both males and females, and also included anything the breeder deemed a variety. The census figures for the various varieties were: Bourbon Red 931, Royal Palm 717, Bronze 365, Black 211, White Midget 151, Slate 143, Narragansett 87, Buff 62, White Holland 38, Auburn 27, Lilac 24, Silver Auburn 19, Chocolate 12, Royal Nebraskan 8, Wisconsin 6, Spotted Nebraskan 3, 2 each of Dark Brown, Nebraska Royal, Nutmeg, and red, and 1 each of Chestnut, Fawn, and Lavendar. The results of these two approaches generated similar population rankings for these varieties. Both have concluded that the nonindustrial strains of turkeys have perilously low populations.
Characterization of Mehsana Buffaloes in India
Authors: Pundir R.K. , Sahana G. , Navani N. K. , Jain P.K. , Singh D.V. , Kumar Satish , Dave A.S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryMehsana buffalo is distributed in Mehsana, Banaskantha and Sabarkantha districts of North Gujarat in India. The animals are reared for milk production. The management practices in the breeding tract were studied. The physical, production and reproductive characters were recorded. The Dudhsagar Research and Development Association located in Mehsana district has undertaken breed improvement programmes in farmers'herds by running field progeny testing and providing other animal husbandry services like artificial insemination, health coverage, etc. This has resultedin the improvement in the reproductive performance as is evident from the decreasein the average first service period by 74 days and the average first calving interval by 103 days from 1989 to 1997. Microsatellite DNA marker analysis was carried out on 25 Mehsana buffalo DNA samples using seven markers for genetic characterization of the breed. Number of alleles at different loci ranged from four to seven and heterozygosity ranged from 0.40 to 0.92.
Genetic diversity between Italian and Greek buffalo populations
Authors: Moioli B. , Georgoudis A. , Napolitano F. , Catillo G. , Lucioli S. , Ligda Ch. , Boyazoglu J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe present study is a first step of a global project aiming at the estimation of the genetic distances and relationships among buffalo breeds and sub-populations and the investigation of the production potential and adaptability of different buffalo genotypes in various environments.Genetic diversity of Italian and Greek buffalo populations was estimated on the basis of allele frequencies at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci: CSSM43, CSSM38, DRB3, D21S4, CYP21, CSSM47, CSSM60, CSSM36 and CSSM33. The number of detected alleles per locus varied from two (D21S4) to thirteen (CSSM47). Allele frequency distribution was similar in the two populations, which have the same alleles at the highest frequency at all loci, except loci CSSM47 and CSSM60. Average gene diversity over all loci was 0.60. Across-loci average gene diversity increased with the number of alleles. Observed average heterozygosity was 0.167 and 0.177 in the Italian and Greek populations, respectively. The degree of differentiation between Italian and Greek buffalo was moderate and estimated at 0.021 ± 0.009.
Phenotypic characterisation of native chicken lines in South Africa
Authors: van Marle-Köster E. , Casey N.H. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryNative chicken lines in South Africa are associated primarily with rural households. A programme was established only as recently as 1994 to conserve the different lines found in South Africa. As no scientific data was available on the production traits of these lines, a research trial was conducted to describe them phenotypically in terms of their growth, carcass traits and egg production. Four different native lines, the Koekoek, Naked Neck, Lebowa-Venda and Ovambo chicken were included in the study. Significant differences were observed among the lines, which means that the lines could be described as different native lines in terms of their phenotypic traits. The Ovambo chicken had the best growth performance, while the Koekoek showed the highest performance for egg production. Although production is poor in comparison with commercial lines, the contribution of these birds to household food security and application in low-input systems should be recognized and further investigated.
Beetal goats in their native tract
Authors: Tantia M.S. , Vij P.K. , Sahana G. , Jain A. , Prasad S.K. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryBeetal is one of the largest Indian breeds of goats bred mainly for milk but equally important for meat as well. This breed is found in Punjab along the Indo-Pakistani border. The status of the Beetal breed in its native tract was studied through a detailed survey in the Gurdaspur and Amritsar districts of Punjab. In this part of the country goats are mainly reared by ‘Sansi’ tribals who are landless. Goat flocks are mainly stationery and browsing is the main source of feed and fodder for these goats. Long drooping ears and roman nose are the typical characteristics of this breed. The total population of this breed in its native tract in 1997 was found to be 20 772 and the average flock size was 5.27. Average test day milk yield and lactation length were 1.8±0.79 kg and 161 days, respectively. Average ages at first kidding and kidding interval were 17.2 and 11.14 months, respectively. Prolificacy was fairly high with an average of 1.76 kids per kidding.Beetal goats are the mainstay for the landless poor families of this region and the breed needs to be conserved in its breeding tract. There is a need to popularize this breed through demonstration units to convince the farmers that this breed is sustainable under low input conditions. This will help in in-situ conservation of the Beetal breed.
Leadersheep: the unique strain of Iceland sheep
Authors: Dýrmundsson Ó.R. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA unique strain of sheep, known to lead the flock, has evolvedwithin the short-tailed, native breed of Iceland sheep. Leadersheep, known for centuries, walk or run in front of the flock, even in bad weather conditions, they may foresee climatic events and are generally very alert and attentive. The high level of intelligence expressed by these sheep is known to be strongly inherited, without being linked to sex, age, colour and otherexternal traits. However, little is known about the genetics of leadersheepper se. Most of them are non-white and horned with a slender body conformation. Since they are endangered with a breeding population of only some 1 000 purebred animals, mostly ewes, conservation measures are in progress, mainly through AI and individual recording. To strengthen these effortsenthusiastic breeders and scientists founded the Leadersheep Society of Iceland in the spring of 2000. While the main aim is to conserve and maintain leadersheep, future possibilities of utilizing their unique characteristicsare being considered.
La chèvre Draa. Potentiel de production et caractéristiques d'adaptation aux contraintes de l'environnement aride
Authors: Hossaini-Hilali J. , Mouslih Y. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméLa chèvre Draa est la seule des populations caprines marocaines qui peut être considérée comme une race bien distincte. C'est une sorte d'isolat génétique qui est localisée et élevée principalement dans les oasis de la vallée du Draa à un climat aride. Il ressort des études réalisées que le potentiel laitier de la chèvre Draa est satisfaisant (142 litres sur 150j de lactation). De même, l’évaluation des ses performances de reproduction en station a montré une prolificité de 158 % avec une aptitude à réaliser deux mises bas par an.De plus, la chèvre Draa présente quelques capacités adaptatives pour produire et survivre dans les conditions arides. En effet, son turnover de l'eau corporelle est relativement faible comparativement aux races caprines européennes étudiées dans les mêmes conditions expérimentales. Enfin, la chèvre Draa présente une bonne capacité à préserver l'appétit en cas de privation d'eau. Ces caractéristiques de production et d'adaptation, prises ensemble, font d'elle un bon candidat pour le développement d'une race caprine laitière marocaine et pour continuer les efforts pour sa préservation, son amélioration et la connaissance de ses caractéristiques physiologiques.
Conservation of livestock genetic resources in Euskadi (Basque Country)
Authors: Gómez M. , Amezaga I. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThis study presents the actual Basque livestock breed situation. The breeds described are: Betizu, Monchina, Pirenaica and Terreña (bovines); the Asno de las Encartaciones (donkey), Caballo de monte del País Vasco and the Pottoka horse (horses); Carranzana black face and blond face, Latxa black face and blond face and Sasi ardi (sheep); Azpi gorri (goat); Chato vitoriano and Euskal txerria (pigs); Erbi txakurra, Euskal artzain txakurra (shepherd dogs) with two varieties: Gorbeiakoa and Iletsua; Villano de las Encartaciones (cattle dog) and Villanuco de las Encartaciones (dog); Euskal antzara (goose) and the five varieties of the Basque poultry: Beltza, Gorria, Lepasoila, Marraduna and Zilarra (chicken).The conservation study shows that farmers need these animals. A programme is needed to develop these breeds in natural parks to assure their survival. In this way the society gets to know the Basque livestock heritage. At the same time, it aims at presenting the in vivo conservation and the work carried out by the Association “Euskal abereak” the umbrella of more than 20 societies that work on the conservation and recovery of Basque native breeds.
A short note on Chinae Hans Muscuovy ducks in Bengal, India
Authors: Banerjee S. , Banerjeel S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryMuscuovy ducks (Cairina moschata) are popular as a source of poultry meat. Reports on availability of Muscovies (in the free range system of management) in the eastern region of Indu is lacking. In the West Bengal state of Indu two strains of Muscovies have been identified, the strains resemble Black Muscuovy L 303 and White Muscuovy ducks. Ironically they are known as Chinae haras (Chinese duck). Presently a detailed study is being conducted by the author and is being used to develop a strain of broader duck (mule duck) in the region. Reports on availability of Muscovies in this part of the subcontinent are lacking.
Conservación de la oveja Xalda de Asturias
Authors: Sevilla A. Álvarez , Gutiérrez J.P. , Fernández I. , Royo L.J , Álvarez I. , Gómez E. , Goyache F. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenEn este trabajo se describen las iniciativas de conservación de la oveja de raza Xalda de Asturias. Es una oveja de pequeño tamaño, y de color predominantemente negro que presenta gran similitud morfológica con otras razas ovinas del Arco Atlántico Europeo como la Ouessant o la Morite. En 1992 se funda la asociación de criadores de la raza (ACOXA) y comienza el funcionamiento del Libro Genealógico. Durante la última década la actividad de ACOXA ha estado centrada en la recuperación de individuos aislados fomentando su cría en raza pura. Se ha realizado un análisis de la información genealógica contenida en el Libro Genealógico detectándose el excesivo uso de algunos reproductores que puede provocar una pérdida de variabilidad genética en la población. A partir de estos resultados parece necesario llevar a cabo estrategias de apareamientos que aseguren el mantenimiento del patrimonio genético de la raza.
Caracterización fenotípica de la Raza Caprina Azul en el Nordeste Brasileño
Authors: Ribeiro M.N. , Da Silva J.V. , Filho E.C Pimenta , Sereno J.R.B. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenEl presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar fenotípicamente un rebaño de cabras azules, pertenecientes a la granja Carnaúba, municipio de Taperoá, Estado de Paraiba, Brasil, con el propósito de contribuir a la homologación del patrón racial en el Ministerio de Agricultura. Fueron evaluadas 62 hembras azules con edades a partir de dos años y peso medio de 40,3 kg, tomándose las siguientes medidas morfométricas: longitud corporal (71,5±5,6 cm), altura a la cruz (59,0±4,3 cm), perímetro torácico (76,9±4,8 cm), longitud de las orejas (12,6 cm), formato de los cuernos (bien implantados, simétricos, dirigidos hacia arriba, hacia detrás y hacia afuera, con pequeñas curvaturas hacia el frente en las extremidades y color ceniza oscuro). Los animales presentaron tres patrones distintos de capa: ceniza claro, ceniza azulado y ceniza azulado muy oscuro. Este estudio contribuirá al fortalecimiento de los trabajos de conservación de esta raza, que se encuentra en estado crítico debido a cruzamientos absorbentes e indiscriminados con otras razas exóticas.
Characterization and evaluation of Jalauni sheep
Authors: Sahana G. , Jain A. , Maity S.B. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryJalauni sheep are found in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh states in India. About 37% of the geographical area of this region is under cultivation and about 86% of the population, mostly directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture, live in villages. Forests, cultivable waste and barren land occupy more than 50% of the area, permanent pasture and other grazing lands about 9% and miscellaneous tree crops and grasses about 0.7%. The livestock census figures of 1977 and 1997 indicate an annual declining trend of 0.04 % in the sheep population in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh states. Characterization and evaluation of Jalauni sheep under field conditions were undertaken to establish the norms, morphological characteristics and performance parameters of this breed. A total of 78 households were visited in 29 villages in five districts. Information on feeding, breeding and management practices, utility patterns etc. and production and reproductive performance was collected through personal observations and interaction with the farmers. Body weight and/or body measurements were recorded for 374 animals. Average adult body weights of male and female Jalauni sheep were 35.5±2.1 and 27.2±0.7 kg respectively. Age at first lambing was 1.5 to 2 years and lambing interval one year. A ewe, on an average, delivers 7–9 lambs in her lifetime.
Characterisation of Spiti Horses of India
Authors: Pundir R.K. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe breeding tract of Spiti horses is located in the Kaja subdivision of the Lahul and Spiti district and the Yanthang area of the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh in India. The horses in this area are smaller in height and called Spiti ponies. They are reared as pack animals at high altitude. Their body is well developed with fairly strong bones. The mane is long and has hairs of 25 to 40 cm in length. The body is solid, displaying and alert attitude, the face is convex, the ears are erect and the eyes are black. The tail is medium in length and straight. The horses are docile in temperament. The body colours are grey, brown, black and piebald. On an average, these horses stand 129 cm height, have a body length of 100 cm, a heart girth of 148 cm, an ear length of 15 cm and a face length of 50 cm. Animals are reared on grazing (alpine pasture) from May to November and stall fed from December to April. The breeding season is from February to July. The average age at first fertile service, age at first foaling, gestation period, service period and foaling interval were estimated as 1 054, 1 297, 333, 63 and 516 days, respectively under intensive management at Kamand farm. It has also been ascertained from various sources that their number is declining rapidly, however breed population statistics are not available. There is, therefore, an urgent need to conserve this breed.
A survey on population, distribution, management and utilisation of indigenous Tswana pigs in Southern Botswana
Authors: Nsoso S.J. , Mosweu S. , Malela L. , Podisi B. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIndigenous Tswana pigs are mostly found in Southern Botswana. There is concern that the breed may become extinct due to the low usage of the breed and the lack of implementation of a comprehensive conservation strategy. The objectives of this study were to identify places where indigenous Tswana pigs are kept in Gaborone Agricultural Region and document the numbers, distribution, management and utilisation of these pigs. A formal questionnaire was administered to all indigenous pig farmers who could be identified. The data was analysed using procedure frequency in Statistical System Analysis. A total of 51 indigenous pig farmers were interviewed, of these 71%, 16% and 14% were in Southeast, Kgatleng and Kweneng districts respectively. Only one farmer kept crossbreeds with the majority keeping pure indigenous Tswana. A total of 124 sows, 23 boars, 32 castrates and 211 piglets were counted in this region. All the pigs were kept under the communal system. None of the farmers surveyed kept records and they exhibited limited knowledge of pig farming and improved management. Pigs were kept for home consumption with very few sold, given out as gifts or loaned out. Pig fat was used as a by-product to make soap and a lubricant in traditional leather rope making. The farmers’ perception of indigenous pigs is good; they claim that the pigs posses traits of economic importance such as high heat and drought tolerance, which are of great significance in the harsh climatic conditions of Botswana. There is a need to undertake conservation efforts for this breed given that it survives and reproduces under harsh climatic conditions and sub-standard management. More research and further action is required to increase the production of this breed.
Analyse de données de ségrégations italiennes pour la livrée des bovins
Authors: Renieri C. , Lauvergne J.J. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméDes ségrégations de la livrée ont été analysées sur des données de F1 et de back-cross sur les pères de races à viande phæomélaniques (Charolaise et Limousine) et phæomélaniques à extrémités eumélaniques dites PEE (Piémontaise, Chianine, Marchienne et Romagnole) accouplés à des femelles eumélaniques noir (Holstein Frisonne Italienne).Les ségrégations sont interprétées en termes d'allèles au locus Extension E avec les quatre allèles ED,Er ,E et El, au locus Dilution Charolais DC avec les allèles DCD et DC+, au locus Albinos C avec les allèles C+ et Cch et au locus Spotting S avec les allèles S+ et SsParfois il faut faire appel à des pénétrance incomplètes.
Influencia histórica y actual de los genotipos canarios en la población caprina americana
Authors: Capote J. , Tejera A. , Amills M. , Argüello A. , Fresno M. , López J.L. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenEn la última década del siglo XV comenzó la colonización americana y terminó la conquista de las Islas Canarias. El carácter insular de paso obligatorio en las rutas colombinas hizo que ambos territorios se vincularan estrechamente y compartieran uno de los pilares básicos de la economía de aquella época: la ganadería. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de carácter histórico y zootécnico de la cual se desprende que las razas caprinas de origen africano en Canarias no solo tuvieron una importante influencia en la constitución del mosaico racial americano sino que, además, comienzan a ser demandadas en esas áreas debido a sus características rústicas y productivas.
Changthangi Goats: A rich source of pashmina production in Ladakh
Authors: Bhattacharya T.K. , Misra S.S. , Sheikh F.D. , Kumar P. , Sharma A. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryPashmina, internationally known as “cashmere”, a fine luxury fibre, is being produced from Changthangi goats bred in the Ladakh region of India. The Leh district of Greater Ladakh produces around 30 000 kg of pashmina fibre which is harvested from about 0.15 million Changthangi goats reared by the Changpa nomads in Changthang region of Greater Ladakh. Changthangi goats are sometimes also called Changra goats. Pashmina producing goats are of great importance for revitalising the economy of the poverty stricken region of Changthang and the Leh district of Ladakh. The information on Changthangi goats was collected from both small and large-scale farmers in Ladakh, and 337 animals were included in the study.The body colour of Changthangi goats varies from white to light brown and nearly whole body is covered with pashmina and long hairs. The average birth weights of male and female kids were estimated as 2.11 ± 0.3 and 2.06 ± 0.2 kg, respectively while weight at 300 days was found to be 20.0 ± 2.1 and 18.7 ± 1.9 kg in male and females respectively.The pashmina yields of bucks, does, male hoggets and female hoggets were estimated as 402 ± 19 g, 248 ± 14 g, 255 ± 12 and 280 ± 16 g, respectively. The length of pashmina fibre was found to be 4.25 ± 1.2 cm in males and 4.02 ± 1.5 cm in females while fibre diameter in male and female goats was estimated as 12.9 ± 2.6 μ and 13.0 ± 3.0 μ, respectively.The twining rate was found to be very low, nearly 0.3%. A preliminary study at DNA level with PCR-RFLP indicated monomorphism at the growth hormone gene. The occurrence of disease was quite low although some genetic deformities in this breed were not uncommon.
The Majorero camel (Camelus dromedarius) breed
Authors: Schulz U. , Mínguez Y. , Checa M.L. , García-Atance P. , Dunner S. , García D. , Cañón J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA brief historical, morphologic and behavioural review of the camel Fuerteventura breed (Majorero) is presented. Genetic variability within the breed was analysed (n = 10) using 11 microsatellite markers, neutral to the selection, and compared with an African camel population (n = 37). In spite of the fact that there are significantly fewer Majorero camels than African, the level of inbreeding, measured by means of the statistic FIS, is almost 3 times higher in the African camel, (3.2 versus 8.7). The set of markers used shows significant differences between the two populations, (FST = 3.1%) and provides sufficient discrimination (> 99%) to carry out a proper control of parentage in the studbook. Nevertheless, the molecular information available does not manage to assign the individuals into clusters corresponding to its population.