bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary electron emission reduction from boron nitride composite ceramic surfaces by the artificial microstructures and functional coating
Authors: Lian Zhuoxi , Xu Yanan , Meng Xiangchen , Wang Dan , Chen Jixin , Qi Kangcheng , He Yongning 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Boron nitride-silicon dioxide (BN–SiO2) composite ceramic is a typical Hall thruster wall material, and its secondary electron emission (SEE) property dominates the sheath characteristics inside the thrusters. Lowering the SEE yield (SEY) of the wall surface can remarkably improve the sheath stability of Hall thrusters. To accomplish the SEY reduction for BN–SiO2, artificial surface microstructure and surface coating technologies are employed. The morphology analysis demonstrated the shape and feature sizes of the microstructure could be largely controlled by adjusting the laser etching parameters. Then we realized an increasingly significant SEY reduction for BN–SiO2 as the average aspect ratio of the microhole increases. The microstructures showed a remarkable SEY reduction when the laser power was 10 W and the scanning cycle was 50. In this case, the SEY peak values (δ
m) of the two BN–SiO2 samples with mass ratios of 7:3 and 6:4 decrease from 2.62 and 2.38 to 1.55 and 1.46 respectively. For a further SEY reduction, a sputtering process was employed to deposit TiN film on the microstructures. The results showed that the TiN coating of 246 nm thickness reduced the δ
m values of the two samples from 1.55 and 1.46 to 0.82 and 0.76, which achieved a notable SEY reduction compared to the original surface. Via simulation work, the SEY reduction achieved by microstructures was theoretically interpreted. Besides, by considering the effect of surface charging, the results of SEY converged to 1 with the irradiation pulse increasing presented. The research demonstrated a remarkable SEY reduction for BN–SiO2 ceramic by constructing surface microstructure and depositing TiN coating, which has application sense for low SEY engineering in specific working scenarios.
Influence of adhesion on oscillatory indentations of viscoelastic biomaterials by a rigid cone
Authors: Chen Shi-Wen , Liang Xuan-Ming , Wang Gang-Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Steady-state responses in oscillatory indentation tests are widely adopted to evaluate the viscoelastic behavior of cells and tissues. In such tests, the adhesion of biomaterials is commonly neglected, which leads to significant inaccuracy in extracting the mechanical properties. In this article, by introducing the interfacial adhesion described by Lennard–Jones potential, we develop a finite element method to simulate the oscillatory indentation on a viscoelastic half-space. Under a sinusoidal displacement excitation by a rigid cone, it is found that the reaction force evolves sinusoidally at the same frequency but having some phase shift. Interfacial adhesion magnifies the amplitude of force vibration while lowers the average repulsive force. The phase shift is eased in the case of weak adhesion, but turns aggravated once the strength of adhesion exceeds a critical value. The present study can provide guidance for the development of oscillatory indentation tests on viscoelastic materials, and extract more precisely their mechanical properties.
Study of rutile TiO2(110) single crystal by transient absorption spectroscopy in the presence of Ce4+ cations in aqueous environment. Implication on water splitting
Authors: Katsiev K , Idriss H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ce4+ cations are commonly used as electron acceptors during the water oxidation to O2 reaction over Ir- and Ru-based catalysts. They can also be reduced to Ce3+ cations by excited electrons from the conduction band of an oxide semiconductor with a suitable energy level. In this work, we have studied their interaction with a rutile TiO2(110) single crystal upon band gap excitation by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) in solution in the 350–900 nm range and up to 3.5 ns. Unlike excitation in the presence of water alone the addition of Ce4+ resulted in a clear ground-state bleaching (GSB) signal at the band gap energy of TiO2 (ca. 400 nm) with a time constant t = 4–5 ps. This indicated that the Ce4+ cations presence has quenched the e-h recombination rate when compared to water alone. In addition to GSB, two positive signals are observed and are attributed to trapped holes (in the visible region, 450–550 nm) and trapped electrons in the IR region (>700 nm). Contrary to expectation, the lifetime of the positive signal between 450 and 550 nm decreased with increasing concentrations of Ce4+. We attribute the decrease in the lifetime of this signal to electrostatic repulsion between Ce4+ at the surface of TiO2(110) and positively charged trapped holes. It was also found that at the very short time scale (<2–3 ps) the fast decaying TAS signal of excited electrons in the conduction band is suppressed because of the presence of Ce4+ cations. Results point out that the presence of Ce4+ cations increases the residence time (mobility) of excited electrons and holes at the conduction band and valence band energy levels (instead of being trapped). This might provide further explanations for the enhanced reaction rate of water oxidation to O2 in the presence of Ce4+ cations.
Improved multiscale coded dispersion entropy: a novel quadratic-coded health indicator of rolling bearings
Authors: Fan Yanxi , Yuan Rui , Lv Yong , Dang Zhang , Song Hao , Zhu Weihang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dispersion entropy (DE) is widely used to quantify the complexity of nonlinear time series. In order to improve the ability to capture fault characteristics, a novel approach called coded dispersion entropy (CDE) has been introduced in recent years. CDE aims to expand the number of possible dispersion patterns and enhance the encoding of similar dispersion patterns. However, the coding method of CDE ignores the amplitude differences between dispersion elements and average elements, resulting in the inaccurate assignment of samples. Additionally, CDE is unable to extract effective information from other time scales. These limitations hinder the ability of CDE to effectively characterize faults. This paper proposes an improved multiscale coded dispersion entropy (IMCDE) to solve these limitations. The method introduces the interval scaling factor

R

and utilizes the sum and difference between the mean element and R as new coding boundaries. This approach addresses the sensitivity issue of the CDE coding mode towards smaller amplitude differences by the reasonable quadratic coding mode. Additionally, a composite coarse-graining process is introduced to rearrange the first coarse-grained point in sequence, resulting in multiple sets of sequences. The average probability of the same dispersion pattern at each scale is calculated to correct the entropy error. The experimental results from two sets of bearing faults demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in extracting critical features associated with faulty bearings. Furthermore, the method showed higher classification accuracy compared to multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE) and multiscale coded dispersion entropy (MCDE). Additionally, it exhibited smaller classification error than MDE and MCDE.
Nanoarchitectonics of an acetogenin-enriched nanosystem mediated by an aqueous extract of Annona cherimola Mill with anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic activity against HepG2 cell line
Authors: González-Reyna M A , Aguilar-Villalva Ricardo , Lopez-Miranda J L , Rodríguez-Torres Angelina , Molina Gustavo A , Juarez-Moreno Karla , Esparza Rodrigo , Estevez Miriam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For the first time, this study shows the nanoarchitectonic process to obtain an acetogenin-enriched nanosystem (AuNPs-Ac) using an aqueous extract from Annona cherimola Mill (ACM) composed of gold nanoparticles embedded in an organic matrix that acts as stabilizing agent and presents anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxical effect against HepG2 cell line, promoting apoptosis. The synthesis of AuNPs-Ac was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis, showing metallic gold as the only phase, and the scanning transmission microscope showed an organic cap covering the AuNPs-Ac. Fourier-transformed infrared suggests that the organic cap comprises a combination of different annonaceous acetogenins, alkaloids, and phenols by the presence of bands corresponding to aromatic rings and hydroxyl groups. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography has demonstrated the presence of annonacin, a potent acetogenin, in the extract of ACM. An in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of ACM and the AuNPs-Ac was performed using the albumin denaturation method, showing a nonlinear response, which is better than sodium diclofenac salt in a wide range of concentrations that goes from 200 to 400 μg ml−1 with both samples. The viability assay was studied using trypan blue, treating IMR90 and HepG2 at different concentrations of AuNPs-Ac. The results defined a median lethal dose of 800 μg ml−1 against HepG2 through apoptosis according to the ratio of caspase-cleaved 9/alpha-tubulin evaluated. It was also demonstrated that the nanosystem presents a higher cytotoxic effect on the HepG2 cell line than in IMR90, suggesting a targeted mechanism. In addition, the nanosystem performs better than using only the extract of ACM in the anti-inflammatory or antiproliferative test, attributed to their higher surface area.
Ag-modified enhance the performances of ZnO@CFs based omnidirectional photoelectrochemical ultraviolet detectors
Authors: Zhang Xinmiao , Li Hongye , Wang Gang , Wang Shimin , Li Jiang , Song Jianqiao , Jin Mengjing , Zhou Jinyuan , Chang Peng , Pan Xiaojun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There are several prospective applications for omnidirectional ultraviolet (UV) detectors and underwater detection detectors in optical systems and optical fields. In this work, ZnO nanorods arrays were grown on carbon fibers (CFs). An appropriate amount of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) was deposited on the surface of ZnO nanorods by photochemical deposition. This improved the performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) based UV detectors. Under 365 nm and 10 mW cm−2 UV irradiation, the photocurrent density of the 30s-Ag/ZnO@CFs based PEC UV detector can reach 1.28 mA cm−2, which is about 7 times that of the ZnO@CFs based PEC UV detector, and the rising time is shortened from 0.17 to 0.10 s. The reason is that increased absorption of ultraviolet light induced by the localized surface plasmon resonance. In addition, the detector exhibits a good flexibility and remains flexible after hundreds of bends and twists. Moreover, the detector is responsive in the range of rotation angle from 0° to 360°. It provides an insight to improve the photoelectric performance and underwater omnidirectional detection ability of the PEC UV detector.
Shaping single crystalline BaTiO3 nanostructures by focused neon or helium ion milling
Authors: Olaniyan I I , Schmitt S W , Albert J , Garcia Fernandez J , Marcelot C , Cours R , Deshpande V , Cherkashin N , Schamm-Chardon S , Kim D J , Dubourdieu C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The realization of perovskite oxide nanostructures with controlled shape and dimensions remains a challenge. Here, we investigate the use of helium and neon focused ion beam (FIB) milling in an ion microscope to fabricate BaTiO3 nanopillars of sub-500 nm in diameter starting from BaTiO3 (001) single crystals. Irradiation of BaTiO3 with He ions induces the formation of nanobubbles inside the material, eventually leading to surface swelling and blistering. Ne-FIB is shown to be suitable for milling without inducing surface swelling. The resulting structures are defect-free single crystal nanopillars, which are enveloped, on the top and lateral sidewalls, by a point defect-rich crystalline region and an outer Ne-rich amorphous layer. The amorphous layer can be selectively etched by dipping in diluted HF. The geometry and beam-induced damage of the milled nanopillars depend strongly on the patterning parameters and can be well controlled. Ne ion milling is shown to be an effective method to rapidly prototype BaTiO3 crystalline nanostructures.
Comment on ‘Modeling for predicting survival fraction of cells after ultra-high dose rate irradiation’
Authors: Liew Hans , Mairani Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We comment on the recently published study ‘Modeling for predicting survival fraction of cells after ultra-high dose rate irradiation’ by Shiraishi et al. While the general approach of the study may be appropriate, we wish to comment on its limitations and point out issues concerning their choice of the benchmarking and fitting data. The approach by the authors could become viable in an extended form once more comprehensive data is available.
Fabrication of Al doped α-GaOOH nanorod arrays on FTO for self-powered photoelectrochemical solar-blind UV photodetectors
Authors: Zheng Zhi-Yuan , Fan Ming-Ming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Al doped α-GaOOH nanorod arrays were grown on FTO via hydrothermal processes by using gallium nitrate and aluminum nitrate mixed aqueous solutions with fixed 1:1 mole ratio as precursors. With increasing the gallium nitrate precursor concentrations, the Ga/Al atom ratios in nanorod arrays increase from 0.36 to 2.08, and the length becomes much longer from 650 nm to 1.04 μm. According to the binding energy difference between Ga 2p3/2 core level and its background in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the bandgap is estimated to be around 5.3 ± 0.2 eV. Al doped α-GaOOH nanorod array/FTO photoelectrochemical photodetectors show enhanced self-powered solar-blind UV photodetection properties, with the decrease of Ga precursor concentrations. The maximum responsivity at 255 nm is 0.09 mA W−1, and the fastest response time can reach 0.05 s. The improved photoresponse speed is ascribed from much shorter transportation route, accelerated carrier recombination by recombination centers, and smaller charge transfer resistance at the α-GaOOH/electrolyte interface with decreasing the gallium nitrate precursor concentrations. The stability and responsivity should be further improved. Nevertheless, this work firstly demonstrates the realization of self-powered solar-blind UV photodetection for α-GaOOH nanorod arrays on FTO via Al doping.
Pixelated large area rGO on silicon based x-ray detector
Authors: G Anshika , V Koushal , G Baishali , V Radhakrishna , S Kruthika , G Shruthi , K Saara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, the possibility of using reduced Graphene oxide for x-ray detection has been explored. A highly conductive reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) synthesized using a hybrid method was used to fabricate a pixelated Si/SiO2 bottom gate field effect transistor. The fabricated device is a 3×3 pixelated large area detector and was tested for its response to x-rays at room temperature and low temperatures by irradiating it with x-rays from top. Significant change in resistance of rGO is observed during irradiation which shows its sensitivity to x-rays.
Optimizing the synthesis of ZnFe2O4 through chemical and physical methods: effects of the synthesis route on the phase purity, inversion, and magnetic properties of spinel zinc ferrite
Authors: Hejazi Afnan S , Al-Hunaiti Afnan H , Bsoul Ibrahim , Mohaidat Qassem , Mahmood Sami H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, ZnFe2O4 ferrites were prepared by chemical (coprecipitation) and ceramic (ball-milling) methods. The effects of the synthesis route on the phase purity, crystallinity, particle size distribution, and magnetic properties were investigated to identify the most appropriate conditions for the synthesis of high-quality ferrites. The samples were examined by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The XRD patterns revealed that a high-purity spinel phase was obtained by coprecipitation at pH ≥ 7 by calcining the pristine powder at T ≥ 900 °C, whereas a single spinel phase was obtained at T ≥ 700 °C in the ball-milling method. The crystallite size of the spinel phase exhibited general increasing trends with the increase of the pH value under the same heat-treatment conditions and with the increase of the calcination temperature. Additionally, the mean physical particle size exhibited an increasing trend with the increase of the calcination temperature. The VSM measurements revealed a noticeable degree of inversion in the spinel ferrites prepared by coprecipitation (exhibiting the highest degree at pH = 10) and an insignificant degree of inversion in the spinel ferrites prepared by the ceramic method. However, calcining the powder exhibiting the highest degree of inversion (prepared by coprecipitation at pH = 10) at 1100 °C resulted in ordering the zinc ions at tetrahedral sites of the spinel structure. Mössbauer spectra for representative zinc ferrite samples prepared by the two methods revealed a major central doublet (with a small magnetic sextet corresponding to the α-Fe2O3 phase in the sample at pH = 7). The hyperfine parameters of the doublet observed in the Mössbauer spectra of the samples, and the corresponding magnetization behavior revealed a higher degree of ionic disorder in the spinel ferrite prepared by coprecipitation.
Theoretical study on photoelectric properties of ferroelectric photovoltaic perovskite CsGeBr3 based on first-principle calculations
Authors: Zhong Chun-Jie , Luo Jun , Pan Ling-Yu , Liu Biao , Yang Junliang , Cai Meng-Qiu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ferroelectric photovoltaic materials have attracted great attention because of their unique photoelectric conversion mechanism, high photo-generated voltage, and adjustable polarization intensity. Traditional ferroelectric oxide perovskites such as BaTiO3, BiFeO3, and Pb(ZrTi)O3 have attracted much attention but they are not suitable as light absorbing layers in solar cells, due to the large optical bandgap, low light absorption rate, and small photogenerated current. Therefore, it is necessary to seek prominent materials with both ferroelectric and suitable band gaps. Recently, the evidence of ferroelectricity in the typical three-dimensional all-inorganic halide perovskites CsGeX3, with band gaps of 1.6 eV to 2.3 eV has been confirmed. However, the spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric perovskite CsGeX3 is ∼10 to 20 μc cm−2 which is weaker than that of ABO3 (∼26 to 75 μc cm−2). Strain engineering has a significant influence on the properties of semiconductor materials by controlling the lattice scaling and the internal atomic spacing. Hence, in this work, strain engineering is introduced to adjust the ferroelectric polarization and the photoelectric properties of ferroelectric perovskite CsGeBr3. The calculated results show that when the applied compressive strain increases from 0% to −4%, the spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric perovskite CsGeBr3 increases from 14.23 μc cm−2 to 51.61 μc cm−2, and the band gap reduces from 2.3631 eV to 1.5310 eV. The effective mass of electrons and holes gradually reduces, exciton binding energies decrease from 48 meV to 5 meV, and the optical absorption coefficient is strongly enhanced from 3 × 105 cm−1 to 5 × 105 cm−1 in the visible range. Besides, the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of CsGeBr3 is significantly increased from 16.95% to 26.77%. Therefore, the results indicate that the application of compressive strain can increase the ferroelectric polarization and enhance the original photovoltaic performance of ferroelectric perovskite CsGeBr3. Our theoretical calculations can provide useful insights and beneficial guidance into experimental studies of ferroelectric perovskites in photoelectric applications.
Correlations between the optical phase modulation and the optical frequency and phase shifts in ultrasound-modulated optical tomography
Authors: Weng Cuncheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In ultrasound-modulated optical tomography, ultrasound causes the phase of incident light to vary periodically with ultrasound. The periodic variation in phase is known as phase modulation. The phase modulation causes the modulated light intensity to vary periodically with the ultrasound, which is called ultrasonic modulation of light. As is well known, incident light is shifted in frequency and phase by ultrasound in acousto-optic effect, and the tomography is based on the effect. However, the correlations between the phase modulation and the frequency and phase shifts in the ultrasonic modulation of light have been ignored. In this paper, the correlations are investigated theoretically and experimentally in detail. Studies reveal that the modulated light is phase-modulated by the frequency and phase shifts, and the frequency shift is the fundamental cause for the ultrasonic modulation of light. Studies show that the frequency shift, rather than the phase shift, causes the modulated light intensity to vary periodically with the ultrasound. Additionally, the modulated light intensity signal is composed of cosine signals with frequencies Ω, 2Ω, 3Ω, etc, and the amplitude of the cosine signals depends on the amplitude of the phase modulation. Then, the modulated light intensity signal contains relatively more cosine signals with high frequency as the amplitude of the phase modulation increases. At last, for the ultrasound with lower power, the amplitude ratio of cosine signals with frequencies of 2Ω and Ω increases as the scattering coefficient of turbid media increases. Studies find that both the frequency-shifted light and the amplitude ratio can be used to image turbid media.
Electromagnetic transition rates in the nucleus 136
58Ce
Authors: Gladnishki K A , Atanasova L , Blazhev A , Djongolov M , Georgiev G , Ivanov N , Kalaydjieva D , Kocheva D , Lozeva R , Rainovski G , Stoyanova M , Stoychev K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The half-life of the first 6+ state in 136Ce has been measured as T
1/2 = 41(12) ps using the γ-ray fast-timing technique with the ν-ball spectrometer at the ALTO Tandem Accelerator, Orsay, France. The states of interest in 136Ce have been populated via the 128Te(12C,4nγ) fusion-evaporation reaction. A comparison is made between the value obtained for the reduced transition probability

B
(
E
2
;

6

1

+

→

4

1

+

)

= 0.55(21) W.u. and the systematics of the region. In this work, half-lives for the

5

1

−

,

7

1

−

and

6

2

+

states in 136Ce were also determined.
A novel approaches to 6th-order delay differential equations in toxic plant interactions and soil impact: beyond newton-raphson
Authors: Dipesh  , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on investigating a 6th-order delay differential equation root within the context of toxic interactions between competing plant populations and their impact on soil dynamics. The study introduces a novel approach for approximating solutions to nonlinear delay differential equations, drawing inspiration from the fundamental principles of Newton-Raphson’s method. This technique leverages the complex root theorem to ensure stability, enabling it to effectively handle widely dispersed roots within dynamic systems. Consequently, this approach holds considerable potential for a diverse array of applications. The analysis introduces time delay into a nonlinear dynamical system and explores the system’s threshold value. At this threshold, the dynamical system’s stability undergoes fluctuations, and observations of hopf bifurcation phenomena are made. The study also successfully identifies both real and complex roots of the dynamical system. Visualization of the dynamic system is accomplished using MATLAB-generated graphical representations. Moreover, this research’s implications extend to the realm of climate action and terrestrial ecosystems, underscoring its significance for promoting a sustainable environment and fostering healthy life on land.