bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular function and skeletal fragility: a study of tonometry, brachial hemodynamics, and bone microarchitecture
Authors: Usiskin Ilana M , Mitchell Gary F , Bouxsein Mary L , Liu Ching-Ti , Kiel Douglas P , Samelson Elizabeth J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease frequently occur together in older adults; however, a causal relationship between these 2 common conditions has not been established. By the time clinical cardiovascular disease develops, it is often too late to test whether vascular dysfunction developed before or after the onset of osteoporosis. Therefore, we assessed the association of vascular function, measured by tonometry and brachial hemodynamic testing, with bone density, microarchitecture, and strength, measured by HR-pQCT, in 1391 individuals in the Framingham Heart Study. We hypothesized that decreased vascular function (pulse wave velocity, primary pressure wave, brachial pulse pressure, baseline flow amplitude, and brachial flow velocity) contributes to deficits in bone density, microarchitecture and strength, particularly in cortical bone, which is less protected from excessive blood flow pulsatility than the trabecular compartment. We found that individuals with increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity had lower cortical volumetric bone mineral density (tibia: −0.21 [−0.26, −0.15] standardized beta [95% CI], radius: −0.20 [−0.26, −0.15]), lower cortical thickness (tibia: −0.09 [−0.15, −0.04], radius: −0.07 [−0.12, −0.01]) and increased cortical porosity (tibia: 0.20 [0.15, 0.25], radius: 0.21 [0.15, 0.27]). However, these associations did not persist after adjustment for age, sex, height, and weight. These results suggest that vascular dysfunction with aging may not be an etiologic mechanism that contributes to the co-occurrence of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in older adults. Further study employing longitudinal measures of HR-pQCT parameters is needed to fully elucidate the link between vascular function and bone health.
Cross-sectional associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and hip bone mineral density: the Tromsø Study 2015-2016
Authors: Mikkilä Saija , Handegård Bjørn Helge , Johansson Jonas , Hopstock Laila A , Van den Tillaar Roland , Emaus Nina , Morseth Bente , Welde Boye 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Positive associations between physical activity and bone health have been found in population-based studies, however, mostly based on self-reported physical activity. Therefore, we investigated the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity, measured in steps per day and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day, and total hip areal BMD (aBMD) measured by DXA in a general population, utilizing multiple regression models. The study participants, 1560 women and 1177 men aged 40–84 yr, were part of the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (2015-2016). In both genders, we found a positive association between the number of daily steps and aBMD adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking status (P &lt; .001). In women, an increase of 1000 steps per day was associated with 0.005 g/cm2 higher aBMD. For men, a polynomial curve indicated a positive association with aBMD up to 5000 steps per day, plateauing between 5000 and 14 000 steps, and then increasing again. Additionally, MVPA duration was positively associated with aBMD in both women (P &lt; .001) and men (P = .004) when adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking status. Specifically, each 60-min increase in daily MVPA was associated with 0.028 and 0.023 g/cm2 higher aBMD in women and men, respectively. Despite positive associations, the clinical impact of physical activity on aBMD in this general population of adults and older adults was relatively small, and a large increase in daily MVPA might not be achievable for most individuals. Therefore, further longitudinal population-based studies incorporating device-based measures of physical activity could add more clarity to these relationships.
A stochastic gradient relational event additive model for modelling US patent citations from 1976 to 2022
Authors: Filippi-Mazzola Edoardo , Wit Ernst C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Until 2022, the US patent citation network contained almost 10 million patents and over 100 million citations, presenting a challenge in analysing such expansive, intricate networks. To overcome limitations in analysing this complex citation network, we propose a stochastic gradient relational event additive model (STREAM) that models the citation relationships between patents as time events. While the structure of this model relies on the relational event model, STREAM offers a more comprehensive interpretation by modelling the effect of each predictor non-linearly. Overall, our model identifies key factors driving patent citations and reveals insights in the citation process.
Semi-simultaneous hand-assisted laparoscopic (HAL) bilateral nephrectomy and kidney transplantation from the same incision in ADPKD, first case report in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shaheen Mohammed F , Aljehaiman Fahad , Altheaby Abdulrahman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This case report discusses the management of a 46-year-old male patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and a high body mass index, who underwent a semi-simultaneous procedure involving hand-assisted laparoscopic bilateral nephrectomy to alleviate severe abdominal symptoms and prepare for a kidney transplantation, all using the same incision. This is the first reported occurrence of such a procedure in Saudi Arabia. Post-operatively, the patient made a successful recovery with excellent kidney function and no complications.
Hypoxia makes EZH2 inhibitor not easy—advances of crosstalk between HIF and EZH2
Authors: Huang Zhanya , Tang Yuanjun , Zhang Jianlin , Huang Jiaqi , Cheng Rui , Guo Yunyun , Kleer Celina G , Wang Yuqing , Xue Lixiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Histone methylation plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase that regulates chromatin structure and gene expression. EZH2 inhibitors (EZH2is) have been shown to be effective in treating hematologic malignancies, while their effectiveness in solid tumors remains limited. One of the major challenges in the treatment of solid tumors is their hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is a key hypoxia responder that interacts with EZH2 to promote tumor progression. Here we discuss the implications of the relationship between EZH2 and hypoxia for expanding the application of EZH2is in solid tumors.
Structural snapshots of phenuivirus cap-snatching and transcription
Authors: Williams Harry M , Thorkelsson Sigurdur R , Vogel Dominik , Busch Carola , Milewski Morlin , Cusack Stephen , Grünewald Kay , Quemin Emmanuelle R J , Rosenthal Maria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a human pathogen that is now endemic to several East Asian countries. The viral large (L) protein catalyzes viral transcription by stealing host mRNA caps via a process known as cap-snatching. Here, we establish an in vitro cap-snatching assay and present three high-quality electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the SFTSV L protein in biologically relevant, transcription-specific states. In a priming-state structure, we show capped RNA bound to the L protein cap-binding domain (CBD). The L protein conformation in this priming structure is significantly different from published replication-state structures, in particular the N- and C-terminal domains. The capped-RNA is positioned in a way that it can feed directly into the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) ready for elongation. We also captured the L protein in an early-elongation state following primer-incorporation demonstrating that this priming conformation is retained at least in the very early stages of primer extension. This structural data is complemented by in vitro biochemical and cell-based assays. Together, these insights further our mechanistic understanding of how SFTSV and other bunyaviruses incorporate stolen host mRNA fragments into their viral transcripts thereby allowing the virus to hijack host cell translation machinery.
DeepMicroClass sorts metagenomic contigs into prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses
Authors: Hou Shengwei , Tang Tianqi , Cheng Siliangyu , Liu Yuanhao , Xia Tian , Chen Ting , Fuhrman Jed A , Sun Fengzhu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sequence classification facilitates a fundamental understanding of the structure of microbial communities. Binary metagenomic sequence classifiers are insufficient because environmental metagenomes are typically derived from multiple sequence sources. Here we introduce a deep-learning based sequence classifier, DeepMicroClass, that classifies metagenomic contigs into five sequence classes, i.e. viruses infecting prokaryotic or eukaryotic hosts, eukaryotic or prokaryotic chromosomes, and prokaryotic plasmids. DeepMicroClass achieved high performance for all sequence classes at various tested sequence lengths ranging from 500 bp to 100 kbps. By benchmarking on a synthetic dataset with variable sequence class composition, we showed that DeepMicroClass obtained better performance for eukaryotic, plasmid and viral contig classification than other state-of-the-art predictors. DeepMicroClass achieved comparable performance on viral sequence classification with geNomad and VirSorter2 when benchmarked on the CAMI II marine dataset. Using a coastal daily time-series metagenomic dataset as a case study, we showed that microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotic viruses are integral to microbial communities. By analyzing monthly metagenomes collected at HOT and BATS, we found relatively higher viral read proportions in the subsurface layer in late summer, consistent with the seasonal viral infection patterns prevalent in these areas. We expect DeepMicroClass will promote metagenomic studies of under-appreciated sequence types.
Koori Quit Pack: A Feasibility Study of a Multi-Component Mailout Smoking Cessation Support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: “I Would Recommend it to Anybody. It’s Just so Much Easier.”
Authors: Kennedy Michelle , Maddox Raglan , Mersha Amanual Getnet , Chamberlain Catherine , Segan Catherine , Clarke Kerindy , Donaldson Belinda , Roberts-Barker Kayden , Forster Joley , Booth Kade , Bonevski Billie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Aims and Methods
The Koori Quit Pack study aimed to assess the feasibility of a multi-component mailout smoking cessation intervention to reduce smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. A non-randomized, single-group feasibility study was conducted among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who reported current smoking. The intervention package included information pamphlets and resources on quitting, referral offer to Aboriginal Quitline and optional free Nicotine Replacement Therapies (NRT). Follow-up was conducted at 2-week, 6-week, 10-week, and 6-month post-recruitment. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment and retention rates, uptake of intervention components, and smoking abstinence at 6-week follow-up (primary endpoint). Cessation outcomes were analyzed using both a complete case analysis and intention-to-treat approach.

Results
165 participants were recruited, 111 (67.3%), 79 (47.9%), 59 (35.8%), and 94 (57%) participants completed the 2-week, 6-week, 10-week, and 6-month follow-up. At 10-week follow-up, 40.7% of participants used pamphlets and booklets, 13.6% used Quitline and &gt; 90% used NRT. At 6-week follow-up, 87.3% reported a quit attempt and 46.8% sustained quitting. 46.8% were continuously smoke-free at the 6-week timepoint. The complete case analysis and the intention-to-treat analysis at 6 months show a 7-day self-reported point prevalence abstinence of 34% and 19.4% respectively.

Conclusions
The Koori Quit Pack mailout smoking cessation program was feasible to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The intervention resulted in a high smoking cessation rate and should be upscaled, implemented, and evaluated nationally.

Implications
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are disproportionately impacted by tobacco-related harms; however, the majority want to quit or wish they never took up smoking. Mailout cessation support is feasible, overcomes access barriers to evidence-based support and increases quitting success. We recommend a national mailout smoking cessation program is implemented for, and by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to accelerate declines in smoking prevalence to eliminate tobacco-related death and disease.
Magic speed under radiation drag for the optically thick outflows and SS 433 jets
Authors: Fukue Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One of the promising mechanisms to explain the stable jet speed of SS 433 is the magic speed, which is established by the balance between radiation pressure and radiation drag (and gravity). We examine the magic speed in the optically thick sub-relativistic flows for several typical situations, such as plane-parallel and spherical cases, and show that it is difficult to establish the magic speed in the simple optically thick flows in contrast to the optically thin ones. Instead, we propose the funnel jets as an improved model. That is, we consider the optically thick flows in the funnel, which is formed by the supercritical accretion disk, and mass and radiation energy are injected from the funnel wall. In this model the mass-accretion rate determines the configuration of the funnel, the increasing mass-loss rate of jets, the radiative environments, and then the sub-relativistic magic speed is naturally established.
A maize semi-dwarf mutant reveals a GRAS transcription factor involved in brassinosteroid signaling
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Best Norman B , Hartwig Thomas , Budka Josh , Khangura Rajdeep S , McKenzie Steven , Aragón-Raygoza Alejandro , Strable Josh , Schulz Burkhard , Dilkes Brian P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BR) and gibberellins (GA) regulate plant height and leaf angle in maize (Zea mays). Mutants with defects in BR or GA biosynthesis or signaling identify components of these pathways and enhance our knowledge about plant growth and development. In this study, we characterized three recessive mutant alleles of GRAS transcription factor 42 (gras42) in maize, a GRAS transcription factor gene orthologous to the DWARF AND LOW TILLERING (DLT) gene of rice (Oryza sativa). These maize mutants exhibited semi-dwarf stature, shorter and wider leaves, and more upright leaf angle. Transcriptome analysis revealed a role for GRAS42 as a determinant of BR signaling. Analysis of the expression consequences from loss of GRAS42 in the gras42-mu1021149 mutant indicated a weak loss of BR signaling in the mutant, consistent with its previously demonstrated role in BR signaling in rice. Loss of BR signaling was also evident by the enhancement of weak BR biosynthetic mutant alleles in double mutants of nana plant1-1 and gras42-mu1021149. The gras42-mu1021149 mutant had little effect on GA-regulated gene expression, suggesting that GRAS42 is not a regulator of core GA signaling genes in maize. Single-cell expression data identified gras42 expressed among cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle consistent with its previously demonstrated role in cell cycle gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Cis-acting natural variation controlling GRAS42 transcript accumulation was identified by expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) in maize. Our results demonstrate a conserved role for GRAS42/SCARECROW-LIKE 28 (SCL28)/DLT in BR signaling, clarify the role of this gene in GA signaling, and suggest mechanisms of tillering and leaf angle control by BR.
CO2 response screen in grass Brachypodium reveals the key role of a MAP kinase in CO2-triggered stomatal closure
Authors: Lopez Bryn N K , Ceciliato Paulo H O , Takahashi Yohei , Rangel Felipe J , Salem Evana A , Kernig Klara , Chow Kelly , Zhang Li , Sidhom Morgana A , Seitz Christian G , Zheng Tingwen , Sibout Richard , Laudencia-Chingcuanco Debbie L , Woods Daniel P , McCammon James Andrew , Vogel John P , Schroeder Julian I 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plants respond to increased CO2 concentrations through stomatal closure, which can contribute to increased water use efficiency. Grasses display faster stomatal responses than eudicots due to dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by subsidiary cells working in opposition. However, forward genetic screening for stomatal CO2 signal transduction mutants in grasses has yet to be reported. The grass model Brachypodium distachyon is closely related to agronomically important cereal crops, sharing largely collinear genomes. To gain insights into CO2 control mechanisms of stomatal movements in grasses, we developed an unbiased forward genetic screen with an EMS-mutagenized B. distachyon M5 generation population using infrared imaging to identify plants with altered leaf temperatures at elevated CO2. Among isolated mutants, a “chill1” mutant exhibited cooler leaf temperatures than wild-type Bd21-3 parent control plants after exposure to increased CO2. chill1 plants showed strongly impaired high CO2-induced stomatal closure despite retaining a robust abscisic acid-induced stomatal closing response. Through bulked segregant whole-genome sequencing analyses followed by analyses of further backcrossed F4 generation plants and generation and characterization of sodium azide and CRISPR-cas9 mutants, chill1 was mapped to a protein kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 5 (BdMPK5). The chill1 mutation impaired BdMPK5 protein-mediated CO2/HCO3− sensing together with the High Temperature 1 (HT1) Raf-like kinase in vitro. Furthermore, AlphaFold2-directed structural modeling predicted that the identified BdMPK5-D90N chill1 mutant residue is located at the interface of BdMPK5 with the BdHT1 Raf-like kinase. BdMPK5 is a key signaling component that mediates CO2-induced stomatal movements and is proposed to function as a component of the primary CO2 sensor in grasses.
Medical eponyms versus acronyms: what medical terminology is most beneficial to learn? A question of goals
Authors: Armocida Emanuele , Masciangelo Graziella , Natale Gianfranco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Appropriate use of medical terminology is one of the core conditions for successful communication in monolingual and multilingual healthcare communities.
The modern scientific language is based on the descriptive terminology.
However, it is often the case that the advantages of descriptive terminology are at odds with the ability to express complex concepts in just a few words.
To solve this practicality problem it is customary to coin abbreviations and acronyms preferred to traditional eponyms.
Today eponyms are considered ambiguous and non-descriptive, linked to the terminology of the past.
The overview of this study demonstrates that the current habit of using acronyms can increase the scientific descriptive capacity compared to eponyms. On the other hand, acronyms remain ambiguous and more ephemeral than eponyms.
Furthermore, eponyms are not as descriptive as acronyms, but they still carry important information for a medical student.
If you truly believe in the importance of Medical Humanities in the medical curriculum, two aspects cannot be overlooked.
First, eponyms bring students closer in an almost subliminal way to the history of medicine and the non-strictly technical-scientific field of medicine.
Second, medicine is a complex science applied to humans and must strive to keep the patient at the center of its interests. Patients and their families preferably ask us to use eponyms.
Which terminology to choose for medical students? The teachers have the last word.
Glymphatic abnormality in systemic lupus erythematosus detected by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space
Authors: Mo Jiaying , Han Kai , Deng Kan , Hu Wenjun , Wang Linhui , Wang Jingyi , Xu Yikai , Huang Qin , Tan Xiangliang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the activity of the glymphatic system in SLE using a diffusion-based method termed ‘Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis aLong the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS)’, and to examine its correlations with morphological changes in the brain.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 45 female patients with SLE and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Voxel-based and surface-based morphometric analyses were performed to examine T1-weighted images, and diffusion tensor images were acquired to determine diffusivity along the x-, y- and z-axes in the plane of the lateral ventricle body. The DTI-ALPS index (ALPS index) was calculated for each patient. The differences in values between patients with SLE and the HC group were compared using the independent samples t test or the Mann–Whitney U test. To determine correlations between the ALPS index and brain morphological parameters, partial correlation analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis were conducted.

Results
Patients with SLE showed lower values for the ALPS index in the left (1.543 ± 0.141 vs 1.713 ± 0.175, P &lt; 0.001), right (1.428 ± 0.142 vs 1.556 ± 0.139, P &lt; 0.001) and whole (1.486 ± 0.121 vs 1.635 ± 0.139, P &lt; 0.001) brain compared with the HC group. Reduced ALPS index showed significant positive correlations with grey matter loss.

Conclusion
The non-invasive ALPS index could serve as a sensitive and effective neuroimaging biomarker for individually quantifying glymphatic activity in patients with SLE. Glymphatic system abnormality may be involved in the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying CNS damage in SLE patients.
A treatment algorithm for familial Mediterranean fever patients with menstruation-associated attacks
Authors: Batu Ezgi Deniz , Bayindir Yagmur , Sener Seher , Balik Zeynep , Aliyev Emil , Kasap Cuceoglu Muserref , Basaran Ozge , Bilginer Yelda , Ozen Seza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
FMF is characterized by febrile polyserositis attacks. Menstruation could be a trigger for attacks. We aimed to analyse the features of adolescent FMF patients with menstruation-associated attacks and propose a management algorithm.

Methods
All female FMF patients who had menarche and visited the Pediatric Rheumatology Unit between January and December 2022, were included into this study. Demographics, general characteristics and the features of menstrual cycle and FMF attacks were noted.

Results
A total of 151 female FMF patients were included. Thirty-five (23.2%) had menstruation-associated attacks. Fever and arthritis were less frequent during the menstruation-associated attacks than the attacks not associated with menstruation in these patients (65.7% vs 88.6%, P = 0.01 and 2.9% vs 20%, P = 0.04, respectively). Patients with menstruation-associated FMF attacks were younger at symptom onset and diagnosis (2.5 vs 5 years, P = 0.004 and 4 vs 7 years, P = 0.01; respectively), had a higher rate of dysmenorrhea (74.3% vs 38.8%, P &lt; 0.001, respectively) and higher pre- and post-menarche attack frequency (4 vs 2 and 10 vs 0, respectively; P &lt; 0.001 for both) than patients whose attacks were not associated with menstruation. The interventions for menstruation-associated attacks included initiating colchicine, increasing the dose of colchicine, switching from coated to compressed colchicine tablets or adding anti-interleukin 1 drugs and initiating on-demand non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, on-demand glucocorticoids and on-demand anakinra. On-demand therapies were beneficial in controlling menstruation-associated attacks.

Conclusions
This is the largest cohort of adolescent FMF patients with menstruation-associated attacks. Severe FMF may cause a tendency to this association. On-demand therapies could be preferred in the management.