bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sympathetic Nerves on Proliferation of Splenic Lymphocytes and Antioxidant Function of Maternal Spleen in Early Pregnant Mice
Authors: Bai Yongping , Wang Tie , Wang Zixu , Cao Jing , Dong Yulan , Chen Yaoxing 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSympathetic regulation plays an important role in fetal survival and development during early pregnancy. Maternal adaptations to pregnancy may involve changes of the spleen in its structure, size, and function. This study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of sympathetic nerves on these adaptations in the maternal spleen of mice during early pregnancy. The adult female mice were intraperitoneally injected with neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) for 5 consecutive days to selectively destroy the sympathetic nerves. The results were as follows: (1) the splenic weight was reduced in the 6‐OHDA group by 10.9%–13.0% at E5–E9 (P < 0.05) when compared with the control group. (2) The splenic nodule and periarterial lymphatic sheath of the 6‐OHDA‐treated mice were smaller than those of control mice. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells of 6‐OHDA‐treated group were decreased by 10.9%–16.2% (P < 0.05) at E1–E9. (3) Lymphocyte proliferation indices in response to concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the 6‐OHDA group. (4) When compared with control mice, the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities of 6‐OHDA‐treated mice were decreased by 14.3%–21.9% (P < 0.05) at E1–E9 and 17.4%–25.0% (P < 0.05) at E3–E9, respectively. In contrast, the malondialdehyde content of 6‐OHDA group was increased by 10.6%–38.6% (P < 0.05) at E3–E9. The results demonstrated the regulation of pregnancy‐dependent adaptations in the spleen through the sympathetic nerve activity. Anat Rec,, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oviductal Structure and Ultrastructure of the Oviparous Gecko, Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau De Jonnès, 1818)
Authors: Nogueira Katiane de Oliveira Pinto Coelho , Rodrigues Sirlene Souza , Araújo Vinícius Albano , Neves Clóvis Andrade 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLizards of the family Gekkonidae display a variety of reproductive patterns, as evidenced by the presence of viviparous and oviparous species. The species Hemidactylus mabouia is oviparous. We examined, in vitellogenic females, oviductal structure by light microscopy after routine histological and histochemical techniques, as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The oviduct is composed of four different regions: the infundibulum, which opens into the coelomic cavity and receives the oocyte released at the time of ovulation; the uterine tube, where sperm storage takes place; the uterus, which is responsible for the eggshell production; and the vagina, the final portion of the oviduct that leads to the cloaca. The oviductal structure of H. mabouia is similar to that of other oviparous lizard species and can be useful for morphological comparative analysis among reptile species. Anat Rec,, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential For Intracranial Movements in Pterosaurs
Authors: Prondvai Edina , Ősi Attila 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBased on comparative anatomical, morphological, and phylogenetic considerations the potential of pterosaurs for cranial kinesis is assessed. Our investigation shows that whereas skeletally mature derived pterodactyloids have completely fused, rigid and doubtlessly akinetic skulls, skeletally immature derived pterodactyloids and more basal pterosaurs possess key features in the morphology of their otic and basal joints that are suggestive of cranial kinesis, namely streptostyly. In addition, pterosaurs exhibit an evolutionarily informative trend in the degree of cranial ossification, where it is low in most nonpterodactyloids (here named bifenestratans), intermediate in Rhamphorhynchus and Archaeopterodactyloidea, and high in derived pterodactyloids. Incomplete fusion could also indicate loose connections between skull elements. However, another crucial anatomical requirement of a kinetic skull, the permissive kinematic linkage is absent in all pterosaurian taxa. The fact, that the presence of permissive kinematic linkages in the skull is also a prerequisite of all types of cranial kinesis, provides hard evidence that all members of Pterosauria had akinetic skulls. Thus, the presence of the morphological attributes indicative of intracranial movements in some pterosaurs must be explained on grounds other than real potential for cranial kinesis. It could either be of mechanical or ontogenetic importance, or both. Alternatively, it might be considered as the morphological remnant of a real, kinetic skull possessed by the diapsid ancestors of pterosaurs. Anat Rec, , 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The simplex algorithm for the rapid identification of operating conditions during early bioprocess development: Case studies in FAb' precipitation and multimodal chromatography
Authors: Chhatre Sunil , Konstantinidis Spyridon , Ji Yu , Edwards‐Parton Simon , Zhou Yuhong , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study describes a data‐driven algorithm as a rapid alternative to conventional Design of Experiments (DoE) approaches for identifying feasible operating conditions during early bioprocess development. In general, DoE methods involve fitting regression models to experimental data, but if model fitness is inadequate then further experimentation is required to gain more confidence in the location of an optimum. This can be undesirable during very early process development when feedstock is in limited supply and especially if a significant percentage of the tested conditions are ultimately found to be sub‐optimal. An alternative approach involves focusing solely upon the feasible regions by using the knowledge gained from each condition to direct the choice of subsequent test locations that lead towards an optimum. To illustrate the principle, this study describes the application of the Simplex algorithm which uses accumulated knowledge from previous test points to direct the choice of successive conditions towards better regions. The method is illustrated by two case studies; a two variable precipitation example investigating how salt concentration and pH affect FAb' recovery from E. coli homogenate and a three‐variable chromatography example identifying the optimal pH and concentrations of two salts in an elution buffer used to recover ovine antibody bound to a multimodal cation exchange matrix. Two‐level and face‐centered central composite regression models were constructed for each study and statistical analysis showed that they provided a poor fit to the data, necessitating additional experimentation to confirm the robust regions of the search space. By comparison, the Simplex algorithm identified a good operating point using 50% and 70% fewer conditions for the precipitation and chromatography studies, respectively. Hence, data‐driven approaches have significant potential for early process development when material supply is at a premium. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2162–2170. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detoxification of a lignocellulosic biomass slurry by soluble polyelectrolyte adsorption for improved fermentation efficiency
Authors: Carter Brian , Squillace Phillip , Gilcrease Patrick C. , Menkhaus Todd J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the detoxification of a dilute acid pretreated Ponderosa pine slurry using the polyelectrolyte polyethyleneimine (PEI). The addition of polyelectrolyte to remove enzymatic and/or fermentation inhibitory compounds, that is, acetic acid, furfural, and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), was performed either before or after enzymatic hydrolysis to determine the optimal process sequence. Negligible acetic acid, glucose, and xylose were removed regardless of where in the process the polymer addition was made. Maximum furfural and HMF separation was achieved with the addition of PEI to a clarified pre‐enzymatic hydrolysis liquor, which showed that 88.3% of furfural and 66.4% of HMF could be removed. On the other hand, only 23.1% and 13.4% of furfural and HMF, respectively, were removed from a post‐enzymatic hydrolysis sample; thus, the effects of enzymes, glucose, and wood solids on inhibitor removal were also investigated. The presence of solid particles >0.2 µm and unknown soluble components <10 kDa reduced inhibitory compound removal, but the presence of elevated glucose levels and enzymes (cellulases) did not affect the separation. The fermentability of detoxified versus undetoxified hydrolysate was also investigated. An ethanol yield of 92.6% of theoretical was achieved with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermenting the detoxified hydrolyzate, while no significant ethanol was produced in the undetoxified hydrolyzate. These results indicate that PEI may provide a practical alternative for furan removal and detoxification of lignocellolosic hydrolysates, and that application before enzymatic hydrolysis minimizes separation interferences. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2053–2060. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Process considerations for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines using transaminases
Authors: Tufvesson Pär , Lima‐Ramos Joana , Jensen Jacob S. , Al‐Haque Naweed , Neto Watson , Woodley John M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBiocatalytic transamination is being established as key tool for the production of chiral amine pharmaceuticals and precursors due to its excellent enantioselectivity as well as green credentials. Recent examples demonstrate the potential for developing economically competitive processes using a combination of modern biotechnological tools for improving the biocatalyst alongside using process engineering and integrated separation techniques for improving productivities. However, many challenges remain in order for the technology to be more widely applicable, such as technologies for obtaining high yields and productivities when the equilibrium of the desired reaction is unfavorable. This review summarizes both the process challenges and the strategies used to overcome them, and endeavors to describe these and explain their applicability based on physiochemical principles. This article also points to the interaction between the solutions and the need for a process development strategy based on fundamental principles. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1479–1493. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Child pornography offenders detected by surveillance of the Internet and by other methods
Authors: Nielssen Olav , O'Dea Jeremy , Sullivan Danny , Rodriguez Marcelo , Bourget Dominique , Large Matthew 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundAvailability of child pornography on the Internet has created new opportunities for offending. It has been noted that many people charged with offences relating to this had not previously been identified as sexual offenders against children.AimOur aim was to compare the characteristics of people charged with child pornography offences as a result of police monitoring of the Internet with those detected by other means. We hypothesised that those apprehended via the Internet would be more likely to be older and less likely to have severe psychiatric disorder or to have been previously charged with a sexual offence involving contact with a child than those identified by other means.MethodsData were extracted from the findings of clinical examinations by the authors either in the course of preparing reports for court, or in the course of providing treatment.ResultsThere were 52 men detected by police Internet surveillance and 53 men detected by other means, the latter including 16 men who had not been charged with an offence at the time of referral. Those detected via the Internet were more likely to be in possession of very large quantities of child pornography. Those detected by other means were more likely to have major psychiatric and substance abuse disorders and to report childhood sexual abuse. A subgroup analysis of the 89 people who were facing charges at the time of the assessment found that the only significant differences were in the amount of material and the history of sexual abuse.ConclusionsThe men recruited to this study, conducted over a period of nearly 10 years, reflect the changing nature of the technology used to commit this type of offence in that time. The characteristics of the subjects did not confirm the stereotype of an Internet child pornography offender who was high functioning and otherwise well adjusted and carried a low risk of other types of offences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of offending trajectories on health: disability, hospitalisation and death in middle‐aged men in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development
Authors: Piquero Alex R. , Shepherd Iona , Shepherd Jonathan P. , Farrington David P. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundAn anti‐social lifestyle has been found to be associated with a higher likelihood of injury but a lower likelihood of organic illness up to the age of 32 years. It is not known if these associations persist into the fifth decade nor whether adverse health conditions are differently distributed across distinct offending trajectories.HypothesesHypotheses were that adverse health outcomes by the age of 48 years would vary across distinct trajectories and specifically that poor health would be most pronounced amongst the highest‐rate chronic offenders, even after controlling for childhood individual and environmental risk factors.MethodsInjury and illness data were collected prospectively from boys of age 8 years in the course of the longitudinal Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development.ResultsBy the age of 48 years, offending trajectories differed significantly from one another on two specific health outcomes: being registered disabled and hospitalisation. High‐rate chronic offenders had the highest risk for both of these outcomes. Logistic regression modelling ruled out individual or environmental childhood risk factors for offending as a likely common cause of the health problems.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that high‐rate chronic offending may in itself create the substrate for hospitalisation and registered disability. We express some caution about the limitations imposed on the research by the small size of this specific group of interest, but suggest that the findings may indicate a case for the various agencies likely to be involved with such men – health, social services and the criminal justice system – working together in a public health model to focus on improving the chances of limiting offending to adolescence within the sub‐group of persons at high risk for life‐course persistent offending. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of In‐Doped Cd2SnO4 Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis Method.
Authors: Kumaravel R. , Ramamurthi K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHighly conducting, transparent In‐doped Cd2SnO4 (1—5 wt.% In) films are prepared by spray pyrolysis of aqueous solutions containing Ca(OAc)2, SnCl2, and InCl3 on glass substrates at 525 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Ferroelectric Properties in Diammonium Hypodiphosphate (NH4)2H2P2O6 (ADhP).
Authors: Szklarz Przemyslaw , Chanski Michal , Slepokura Katarzyna , Lis Tadeusz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by addition of stoichiometric amounts of (NH4)2CO3 to an aqueous solution of H4P2O6.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Chromium Substitution on Structural and Magnetic Properties of BaFe12O19 Powder Prepared by Sol—Gel Auto Combustion Method.
Authors: Dhage Vinod N. , Mane M. L. , Babrekar M. K. , Kale C. M. , Jadhav K. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBaFe12‐xCrxO19 (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) compounds are synthesized from aqueous solutions of Ba(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Cr(NO3)3, and citric acid by a sol—gel auto combustion technique, followed by sintering at 900 °C for 8 h.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Active and Sintering‐Resistant Au/FeOx—Hydroxyapatite Catalyst for CO Oxidation.
Authors: Zhao Kunfeng , Qiao Botao , Wang Junhu , Zhang Yanjie , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA FeOx modified hydroxyapatite supported Au catalyst, Au/FeOx—Ca10(PO4)6 (OH)2, is prepared by a simple deposition—precipitation method.
ChemInform Abstract: Nine‐Coordinated Ag+ Ion in a Diamondoid 3D All‐Inorganic Framework Constructed from α‐Metatungstate Anions and Ag+ Ions: Synthesis and Structure of [{Ag(H2O)3 (BuiNH2) 4}2Na2H2 (H2W12O40)]·4H2O.
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Dan , Chen Ya‐Guang , Zhang Chun‐Jing , Kong Qing‐Jiao , Yao Feng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized from an aqueous solution of AgNO3, (NH4)6[H2W12O40], NaOH, and nicotinic acid (pH 3.1, 80 °C, 1 h, 34% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—N and C—O Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Benzoxazoles.
Authors: Saha Prasenjit , Ali Md Ashif , Ghosh Pokhraj , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe protocol is general, air stable and affords the products selectively in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Rh2(S‐DOSP)4‐Catalyzed Cyclopropenation of Alkynes with Styryldiazoacetates.
Authors: Briones John F. , Hansen Joern , Hardcastle Kenneth I. , Autschbach Jochen , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractArylvinyldiazoacetates smoothly undergo highly enantioselective Rh‐catalyzed cyclopropenation reaction with terminal alkynes to give stable enantioenriched vinylcyclopropenes with quaternary stereocenter, e.g. (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Microwave Assisted Synthesis under Green Chemistry Conditions, Antioxidant Screening, and Cytotoxicity Assessments of Benzimidazole Schiff Bases and Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazol‐3(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Neochoritis Constantinos G. , Zarganes‐Tzitzikas Tryfon , Tsoleridis Constantinos A. , Stephanidou‐Stephanatou Julia , Kontogiorgis Christos A. , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra J. , Choli‐Papadopoulou Theodora 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA direct method for the synthesis of title compounds (III), (V), and (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Protection of Alcohols and Phenols, and Deprotection of Trimethylsilyl Ethers Catalyzed by a Cerium‐Containing Polyoxometalate.
Authors: Yadollahi Bahram , Mirkhani Valiollah , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Karimian Davud 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the protection of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols as Tms ethers is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydroiodination of Functionalized Alkynes.
Authors: Ez‐Zoubir Mehdi , Brown Jack A. , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Michelet Veronique 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Ir2Cl2(cod)2‐catalyzed treatment of functionalized alkynes with HI allows an efficient access to vinyl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Stannylated and 1‐Iodinated 1‐Chloroalkenes as Versatile Synthetic Intermediates.
Authors: Pratap Ramendra , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMo(CO)3(CN‐tBu)3‐catalyzed hydrostannation of chloroalkynes give 1‐stannylated 1‐chloroalkenes (III) and (VI) as sole or major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Introduction of a Tetrafluoroethylene (‐CF2CF2‐) Unit into Organic Molecules.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Takano Shinya , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Konishi Hideaki , Tanaka Yusuke , Ishihara Takashi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReductive coupling of bromide (I) with aldehydes, ketones or imines in the presence of MeLi yields the corresponding tetrafluorobutene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Tropos Biphenol Derived Chiral Thiophosphoramide Catalyzed Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Michael Addition of Cyclic Ketones to Nitro Olefins.
Authors: Lu Aidang , Wu Ronghua , Wang Youming , Zhou Zhenghong , Wu Guiping , Fang Jianxin , Tang Chuchi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe new thiophosphoramide (I) is used as efficient bifunctional organocatalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclic ketones to nitro olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel 1‐Glycosyl‐1H‐triazole‐Based P,N Ligand for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Ketones.
Authors: Shen Chao , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Chen Xin‐Zhi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral aromatic ketones are converted into the corresponding alcohols, albeit with moderate enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Amines by Carbon Nitride Photocatalysis with Visible Light.
Authors: Su Fangzheng , Mathew Smitha C. , Moehlmann Lennart , Antonietti Markus , Wang Xinchen , Blechert Siegfied 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBenzylic amines are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding imines under photolytic, metal‐free aerobic conditions using carbon nitride as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides to Aldehydes: Synthesis of anti α‐Amino‐β‐hydroxy Esters.
Authors: Danielsson Jakob , Toom Lauri , Somfai Peter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAzomethine ylides are generated by thermolysis of aziridines and adds to aldehydes.The obtained oxazolines are readily hydrolyzed to the corresponding anti‐α‐amino‐β‐alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysis in Cross‐Coupling: DMEDA‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Arylation of Unactivated Benzene.
Authors: Liu Wei , Cao Hao , Zhang Hua , Zhang Heng , Chung Kin Ho , He Chuan , Wang Haibo , Kwong Fuk Yee , Lei Aiwen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA conceptually different approach toward the biaryl syntheses uses DMEDA as organocatalyst to promote the direct C—H arylation of unactivated benzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich Reaction of Imines and Silyl Enol Ethers Induced by Radical Cation Salts: Synthesis of β‐Amino Ketones.
Authors: Jia Xiao‐dong , Wang Wen‐juan , Huo Cong‐de , Quan Zheng‐jun , Ren Yan , Wang Xi‐cun 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Mannich reaction of imines (I) and silyl enol ether (II) and (V) induced by radical cation salt is investigated and a series of β‐amino ketones (III)/(IV) and (VI) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Zhao Dongbing , Gao Chao , Su Xiaoyu , He Yunqing , You Jingsong , Xue Ying 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe title reaction can also be used for the preparation of benzofuran derivatives, e.g. (X), by a one‐pot domino protocol based on the decarboxylative cross‐coupling of 2‐iodophenol (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Generation of Silver Acetylides from Terminal Alkynes with a Ag Anode and Integration into Sequential Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Mitsudo Koichi , Shiraga Takuya , Mizukawa Jun‐ichi , Suga Seiji , Tanaka Hideo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn electro‐oxidative method for generating silver acetylides from acetylenes (I) with a Ag anode is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Combined Mechanistic and Computational Study of the Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Formation of Substituted Indenes.
Authors: Nun Pierrick , Gaillard Sylvain , Poater Albert , Cavallo Luigi , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGold‐catalyzed cyclization of propargylic acetates (I) provides access towards acetoxyindenes (II) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Deuterium Introduction at α‐Position of Carbonyl in Diazirinyl Derivatives for Photoaffinity Labeling.
Authors: Murai Yuta , Takahashi Miho , Muto Yasuyuki , Hatanaka Yasumaru , Hashimoto Makoto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDeuterium incorporation into diazirinyl acetophenone derivative (I) proceeds at the α‐position of the carbonyl group without decomposition of the diazirinyl ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 3,4‐Diiododihydrothiophenes via Electrophilic Iodocyclization.
Authors: Yang Fan , Jin Tienan , Bao Ming , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA general method is developed and the utility of product (VIa) in the synthesis of thiophenes is demonstrated.