bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mouse Model for Influenza
Authors: Matsuoka Yumiko , Lamirande Elaine W. , Subbarao Kanta 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA major challenge in influenza research is the selection of an appropriate animal model that accurately reflects the disease and protective immune response to influenza infection in humans. Ferrets are exquisitely susceptible to infection with human influenza viruses and are widely believed to be the ideal small animal model for influenza research. Mice have also been used for influenza vaccine research for decades. Although human influenza viruses generally cause disease in mice only if they are first adapted to the species, the ready availability of mice, their relatively low cost, and the variety of genetic backgrounds and targeted defects, and the immunologic reagents available make the mouse an attractive and heavily utilized animal model for studies of influenza. Although they are not discussed in detail in this unit, hamsters, guinea pigs, cotton rats (Sigmodon), and rats (Rattus) have also been used for influenza research. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 13:15G.3.1‐15G.3.30. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of mixing on electrical properties of carbon nanofiber and polymer composites
Authors: Lee Sungho , Jeon Young‐Pyo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe examined electrical properties of composites of carbon nanofibers (CNFs)/linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) in the range of mixing time. An addition of CNFs into LLDPE led to a decrease of electrical resistivity, and the large amounts of CNFs were required to reach the electrical percolation threshold for the longer mixing time. For the research of these phenomena, we examined the effects of mixing time on the size (length) and spatial distributions of CNFs in the composites. SEM micrographs revealed the size reduction of CNFs in a series of mixing times, although the spatial dispersion of CNFs became more uniform at longer mixing time. To describe the reduction of CNFs theoretically, we hypothesize the size distribution of CNFs obeys a governing population balance kinetics based on an irreversible dissolution process. For the process, we proposed a size dependent breakage rate coefficient proportional to the size of CNFs. The model prediction for the time evolution of size distribution of CNFs has been validated with the experimental measurement showing good agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
On the asymptotic non‐null distributions of the LR criterion in a general manova
Authors: Fujikoshi Yasunori 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper we give a unified derivation of asymptotic expansions of the non‐null distributions of the likelihood ratio (= LR) criterion in a general MANOVA, when the matrix Ω of noncentrality parameters is 0(1) and Ω = 0(N), respectively, where N means the sample size. The asymptotic formulas are obtained by expanding the characteristic function expressed in terms of the hypergeometric function 2F2 of matrix argument.
Low‐temperature operation of thin film solid oxide fuel cells prepared by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Nagata Akiyoshi , Nishimoto Akifumi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThin film solid oxygen fuel cells (SOFC) with yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte films 3 to 12 μm thick, grown by RF magnetron sputtering on porous Ni‐YSZ cermet substrates for use as fuel electrodes, were studied to determine their power generation properties at lower operating temperatures in the vicinity of 700 °C. Single SOFCs with a YSZ electrolyte film thickness of 3 μm could be effectively operated at 800 °C and had a V–I performance measure of 700 mV–300 mA/cm2. The open circuit voltage (OCV) of the cells was nearly the same as the theoretical value. However, the OCV drop became larger as the thickness of the YSZ film was decreased, because grain boundaries and pores occurred in the film due to the surface roughness of the substrate. The voltage drop of the cells was due mainly to resistance loss in the YSZ film, and the dominance of this factor increased as the operating temperature decreased. The film conductivity at an operating temperature of 800 °C was two orders of magnitude smaller than the theoretical conductivity of the bulk electrolyte. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(6): 50–57, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10047
A ferroelectric electron emitter having a vacuum gap
Authors: Ohwada Iwao , Sugiyama Tomohiko , Nanataki Tsutomu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA novel electron emitter utilizing the characteristics of ferroelectric ceramic materials has been developed. The electron‐emitting portion of the electron emitter has a unique micro‐structure which has the vacuum gap between an upper electrode and the surface of a ferroelectric layer. We confirmed electron emission by a three‐step process which consists of electron charge (the first step), charge retention (the second step), and electron emission (the third step). The ferroelectric hysteresis in the process indicates unique characteristics as follows. At the first step, remnant polarization of the same level as the completely adhered electrode structure is obtained in spite of a vacuum gap because the electron charge develops from the upper electrode to the surface of the ferroelectric layer under the vacuum gap in synchronism with the polarization reversal of the ferroelectric layer. On the other hand, at the third step, the electric field in the vacuum gap advances electron emission while the development of the polarization reversal inhibits the return of the electron charge along the surface of the ferroelectric layer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(6): 21–30, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10083
A combined molecular modeling study on gelatinases and their potent inhibitors
Authors: Xi Lili , Du Juan , Li Shuyan , Li Jiazhong , Liu Huanxiang , Yao Xiaojun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractZinc‐dependent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is considered to be an attractive target because of its important role in many physiological and pathological processes. In the present work, a molecular modeling study combining protein‐, ligand‐ and complex‐based computational methods was performed to analyze a new series of β‐N‐biaryl ether sulfonamide hydroxamates as potent inhibitors of gelatinase A (MMP‐2) and gelatinase B (MMP‐9). Firstly, the similarities and differences between the binding sites of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were analyzed through sequence alignment and structural superimposition. Secondly, in order to extract structural features influencing the activities of these inhibitors, quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) models using genetic algorithm‐multiple linear regression (GA‐MLR), comparative molecular field (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were developed. The proposed QSAR models could give good predictive ability for the studied inhibitors. Thirdly, docking study was employed to further explore the binding mode between the ligand and protein. The results from all the above analyses could provide the information about the similarities and differences of the binding mode between the MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and their potent inhibitors. The obtained results can provide very useful information for the design of new potential inhibitors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Emotional competence and work performance: The mediating effect of proactivity and the moderating effect of job autonomy
Authors: Kim Tae‐Yeol , Cable Daniel M. , Kim Sang‐Pyo , Wang Jie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes and tests a model where emotional competence influences work performance through employees' proactive behaviors toward their supervisors. Results from 196 supervisor‐employee pairs supported that emotional competence was positively associated with proactive behaviors, and proactive behaviors were positively associated with both task effectiveness and social integration. In addition, proactive behaviors significantly mediated the relationships between emotional competence and work performance, although this was mostly true of followers who had a higher degree of autonomy in their work. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conifer pollen abundance provides a proxy for summer temperature: evidence from the latitudinal forest limit in Finland
Authors: Huusko Antti , Hicks Sheila 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA 23‐year record of pollen deposition (pollen accumulation rates: PARs) indicates that pollen production of the two most common northern boreal conifers – pine and spruce – varies dramatically from year to year and that high and low pollen years show consistency over the whole of northern Lapland. Testing for a calibration between the annual PARs of these two trees and a whole range of meteorological parameters reveals that the highest correlation is between pollen quantity and summer temperature centred around July of the year before pollen emission. Critical mean July temperature limits for the flowering of Pinus and Picea are 12°C and 13°C, respectively. This strong and region‐wide relationship suggests that fossil Pinus and Picea PARs could be used as a proxy for summer temperature. Results are illustrated as maps showing the relationship between forest limits and July temperature and between PARs and the correlation coefficient with July temperature. It is noticeable, however, that although the climate signal is strong at the forest limit of the taxon in question, it is often weaker in the centre of its ecological range. This has implications when interpreting fossil pollen records. Temperature calibrations will vary spatially as the position of the forest limit changes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid response of parkinsonian tremor to STN‐DBS changes: Direct modulation of oscillatory basal ganglia activity?
Authors: Blahak Christian , Bäzner Hansjörg , Capelle Hans‐Holger , Wöhrle Johannes C. , Weigel Ralf , Hennerici Michael G. , Krauss Joachim K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has proved to be effective for tremor and other cardinal symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), the precise mechanisms of action of DBS are still unclear. We analyzed the time course of resting tremor amplitude and frequency during discontinuation and subsequent reinitiation of STN‐DBS in nine PD patients, using a computerized three‐dimensional motion analysis combined with surface electromyography. Following discontinuation of STN‐DBS, resting tremor amplitude rapidly increased, reaching maximum amplitude after 2 min (mean ± 95%CI: 34.3 ± 13.8 mm; P < 0.01), subsequently stabilizing at a medium level. Reinitiation of stimulation after 30 min resulted in rapid, nearly complete suppression of tremor activity within 1 min (1.4 ± 1.3 mm; P < 0.01) and, furthermore, increased tremor frequency within a few seconds in seven of nine patients. These findings support the hypothesis that STN‐DBS acts by direct interference with the neurotransmission of basal ganglia networks involved in tremor. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Adapting the Sniffin' Sticks to diagnose Parkinson's disease in Sri Lanka
Authors: Silveira‐Moriyama Laura , Sirisena Dharshana , Gamage Pasan , Gamage Ranjanie , de Silva Rohan , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTests of odor identification might help differentiate Parkinson's disease (PD) from other causes of tremor, but they are culture and language specific and are not currently available for the population of Sri Lanka. We created a Sinhala adaptation of the 16‐item identification test from Sniffin' Sticks (SS‐16) and applied it to 89 nondemented Sri Lankan PD patients and 100 controls. Twelve of the SS‐16 items were correctly identified by at least 50% of the control subjects and were included in a battery, which we called as Colombo SS‐12. We used the diagnosis (PD or control) as outcome variable for a logistic regression using age, gender, smoking status and the SS‐12 as covariates, and found only the last two were significant covariates. The Colombo SS‐12 specificity was 93.0% with a sensitivity of 91.0%, indicating it could be a helpful tool in the diagnosis of PD in Sri Lanka. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Dysfunction of the subthalamic nucleus induces behavioral and movement disorders in monkeys
Authors: Karachi Carine , Grabli David , Baup Nicolas , Mounayar Stéphanie , Tandé Dominique , François Chantal , Hirsch Etienne C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHigh‐frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in parkinsonian patients is reported to induce psychiatric effects. The likely explanation for these effects is the partitioning of the STN into sensorimotor, associative, and limbic anatomo‐functional territories. Thus, a specific neuronal dysfunction of the STN sensorimotor territory could lead to abnormal movements, whereas a dysfunction of the associative or limbic territory could lead to behavioral disturbances. To test this hypothesis, neuronal dysfunction of the STN was induced by microinjections of the GABA agonist muscimol, or antagonist bicucculline, in various parts of the nucleus in three monkeys. Stereotyped behaviors (licking and biting fingers) and/or violent hyperactivity were obtained with bicuculline injected into the anteromedial, associative, and limbic territories, whereas injections of muscimol induced no major effects. Abnormal limb movements (contralateral ballism) were obtained after muscimol or bicuculline injections into the posterolateral, sensorimotor territory. Control injections localized around the STN induced other effects (mainly torticollis), which underlines the specificity of STN injection effects. Our study supports the hypothesis that the anteromedial part of the STN is involved in behavioral control. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
The syndromal validity and nosological position of apathy in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Starkstein Sergio E. , Merello Marcelo , Jorge Ricardo , Brockman Simone , Bruce David , Power Brian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough apathy is among the most frequent behavioral changes in Parkinson's disease (PD), its diagnosis is still problematic, and the overlap with depression and dementia poorly studied. Aim of the study was validate specific criteria to diagnose apathy in PD, and to examine its association with subsyndromes of depression and dementia. A series of 164 patients with PD, 44 patients with “primary” depression and no PD, 23 patients with Alzheimer's disease, and 26 age‐comparable healthy controls underwent a comprehensive psychiatric assessment that included a structured psychiatric interview and the Apathy Scale. A set of seven diagnostic criteria showed high sensitivity and specificity for clinically diagnosed apathy. Fifty‐two of the 164 patients with PD (32%) met diagnostic criteria for apathy. Eighty‐three percent of patients with apathy had comorbid depression and 56% had dementia. Only 5 of the 40 PD patients (13%) with neither depression nor dementia had apathy. We validated a set of standardized criteria for the diagnosis of apathy in PD. About one third of a series of patients attending a Movement Disorders Clinic showed apathy. Both depression and dementia were the most frequent comorbid conditions of apathy in PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
A decade of functional brain imaging applied to bladder control
Authors: Fowler Clare J. , Griffiths Derek J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOver the last 10 years functional brain imaging has emerged as the most powerful technique for studying human brain function. Although the literature is now vast, including studies of every imaginable aspect of cortical function, the number of studies that have been carried out examining brain control of bladder function is relatively limited. Nevertheless those that have been reported have transformed our thinking. This article reviews that development in the context of emerging ideas of interoception and a working model of brain activity during bladder filling and emptying is proposed. Some studies have also been carried out using functional imaging methods to examine pathophysiological bladder conditions or the effect of treatments and these are reviewed and future work anticipated. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 49–55, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative velocity investigations in cerebral arteries and aneurysms: 3D phase‐contrast MR angiography, laser Doppler velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Hollnagel Dorothea I. , Summers Paul E. , Poulikakos Dimos , Kollias Spyros S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn western populations, cerebral aneurysms develop in approximately 4% of humans and they involve the risk of rupture. Blood flow patterns are of interest for understanding the pathogenesis of the lesions and may eventually contribute to deciding on the most efficient treatment procedure for a specific patient. Velocity mapping with phase‐contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PC‐MRA) is a non‐invasive method for performing in vivo measurements on blood velocity. Several hemodynamic properties can either be derived directly from these measurements or a flow field with all its parameters can be simulated on the basis of the measurements. For both approaches, the accuracy of the PC‐MRA data and subsequent modeling must be validated. Therefore, a realistic transient flow field in a well‐defined patient‐specific silicone phantom was investigated. Velocity investigations with PC‐MRA in a 3 Tesla MR scanner, laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were performed in the same model under equal flow conditions and compared to each other. The results showed that PC‐MRA was qualitatively similar to LDV and CFD, but showed notable quantitative differences, while LDV and CFD agreed well. The accuracy of velocity quantification by PC‐MRA was best in straight artery regions with the measurement plane being perpendicular to the primary flow direction. The accuracy decreased in regions with disturbed flow and in cases where the measurement plane was not perpendicular to the primary flow. Due to these findings, it is appropriate to use PC‐MRA as the inlet and outlet conditions for numerical simulations to calculate velocities and shear stresses in disturbed regions like aneurysms, rather than derive these values directly from the full PC‐MRA measured velocity field. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between 20G and 22G needle for second trimester amniocentesis in terms of technical aspects and short‐term complications
Authors: Athanasiadis Apostolos P. , Pantazis Konstantinos , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Chatzigeorgiou Konstantinos , Vaitsi Violeta , Assimakopoulos Efstratios , Tzevelekis Filippos , Tsalikis Tryfon , Bontis John N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo compare short‐term complications of amniocentesis using 20G versus 22G needle.MethodsA total of 200 women referred for mid‐trimester amniocentesis were randomized to a 20G (Group I, n = 100) or 22G amniocentesis needle (Group II, n = 100). The primary outcome was intrauterine bleeding at needle insertion. The operator reported technical aspects and patient's reactions immediately after the procedure. Women's perception of discomfort 30 min after the procedure and complications after 2 weeks were recorded.ResultsIntrauterine bleeding at needle insertion was similar between groups (4/100 vs 8/100). When only transplacental taps were analyzed, bleeding was significantly lower in Group I (4/20 vs 8/14, p = 0.035). Fluid retrieval was faster in Group I (9.6 vs 26.8 sec, p < 0.001). In all, 65% of women in Group I versus 30% in Group II reported discomfort during the procedure, although discomfort 30 min after the procedure and complications within 2 weeks after the procedure were similar in the two groups.ConclusionAmniocentesis with 20G needle is associated with lower risk of intrauterine bleeding in case of transplacental needle insertion and allows for faster fluid retrieval, as compared with 22G needle. Nevertheless, 20G needle is associated with more immediate discomfort during the procedure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of humidity and temperature on nano/microtribolgical properties of perfluorinated carboxylic acid and hydrogenated carboxylic acid self‐assembled monolayers deposited on aluminum‐coated silicon substrate
Authors: Mo Yufei , Bai Mingwu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo series of perfluorinated carboxylic acid (FC) and hydrogenated carboxylic acid (HC) self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) films were prepared on aluminum surfaces separately by chemical vapor deposition. The formation, structure and morphology of these films were characterized by measuring contact angle with ellipsometric method, x‐ray photoelectron spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. FC and HC SAMs with long chains formed more densely packed films than those with short chains did. The comparative micro/nanoscale friction and adhesive properties of FC and HC SAMs, with various chain lengths on aluminum‐coated silicon substrate, were investigated. The influence of environmental conditions, such as relative humidity (RH) and temperature, on the friction and adhesion behavior was studied. Micro/nanotribological properties of the films were greatly influenced by their backbones and terminal groups. FC SAMs with long chain exhibited adhesion‐resistance, friction reduction, and environmental independence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Adipocyte and Osteoblast Differentiation from Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Adenoviral Transduction
Authors: Tashiro Katsuhisa , Inamura Mitsuru , Kawabata Kenji , Sakurai Fuminori , Yamanishi Koichi , Hayakawa Takao , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are generated from somatic cells by transducing four genes, are expected to have broad application to regenerative medicine. Although establishment of an efficient gene transfer system for iPS cells is considered to be essential for differentiating them into functional cells, the detailed transduction characteristics of iPS cells have not been examined. Previously, by using an adenovirus (Ad) vector containing the elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) and the cytomegalovirus enhancer/β-actin (CA) promoters, we developed an efficient transduction system for mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and their aggregate form, embryoid bodies (EBs). In this study, we applied our transduction system to mouse iPS cells and investigated whether efficient differentiation could be achieved by Ad vector-mediated transduction of a functional gene. As in the case of ES cells, the Ad vector containing EF-1α and the CA promoter could efficiently transduce transgenes into mouse iPS cells. At 3,000 vector particles/cell, 80%–90% of iPS cells expressed transgenes by treatment with an Ad vector containing the CA promoter, without a decrease in pluripotency or viability. We also found that the CA promoter had potent transduction ability in iPS cell-derived EBs. Moreover, exogenous expression of a PPARγ gene or a Runx2 gene into mouse iPS cells by an optimized Ad vector enhanced adipocyte or osteoblast differentiation, respectively. These results suggest that Ad vector-mediated transient transduction is sufficient to increase cellular differentiation and that our transduction methods would be useful for therapeutic applications based on iPS cells.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.