bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of “8101” Soybean Containing Three Genes for Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus
Authors: Liao L. , Chen P. , Rajcan I. , Buss G. R. , Tolin S. A. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTSoybean mosaic virus (SMV) occurs in most soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing areas around the world. The use of soybean cultivars with resistance to SMV is the most effective way of controlling this disease. Three independent genetic loci (Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4) with multiple alleles for SMV resistance have been identified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic composition of a Chinese soybean line 8101 for SMV resistance. In this study, 8101 was crossed with susceptible cultivars Lee 68, Essex, and Hefeng No. 25. The genotype 8101 was also crossed with resistant lines PI 96983, L29, and V94‐5152 carrying Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4, respectively, to examine the allelic relationship between the genes in 8101 and the previously reported genes at these three loci. The results indicated that 8101 carries three independent dominant genes for resistance to SMV. One of them is at the Rsv1 locus but carries a different allele than the Rsv1 in PI 96983. This new allele confers resistance to SMV G1 but a susceptible reaction to SMV G7. The second gene is at the Rsv3 locus conferring resistance to SMV G7 but a susceptible reaction to SMV G1. The third gene is at the Rsv4 locus and confers resistance to both SMV G1 and G7. The presence of these three genes in 8101 confers resistance to SMV strains G1 through G3 and G5 through G7. The line 8101 is the first genotype identified as carrying all three SMV resistance genes, Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4 Research is underway to further characterize the three resistance genes in 8101.
QTL Analysis of Soybean Seed Coat Discoloration Associated with II TT Genotype
Authors: Oyoo Maurice E. , Benitez Eduardo R. , Kurosaki Hideki , Ohnishi Shizen , Miyoshi Tomoaki , Kiribuchi‐Otobe Chikako , Horigane Akira , Takahashi Ryoji 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], the dominant allele of the T locus for tawny pubescence is associated with chilling tolerance and is useful for breeding for chilling tolerance. Yellow hilum cultivars with the dominant I allele are preferred in Japan because of a better external appearance. However, the II TT allelic combination darkens the entire seed coat and degrades the external appearance. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic basis of seed coat discoloration using DNA markers. F2 populations derived from crosses between soybean breeding lines 0518BW‐8 with slight discoloration and 0734BW‐1 with severe discoloration were grown at Memuro in 2003 and Kunneppu in 2007. Seed coat discoloration was measured by the L* value with a two‐dimensional colorimeter. A total of 104 simple sequence repeat markers were classified into 20 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1025 cM in 2003 and 19 LGs spanning 789 cM in 2007. A quantitative trait locus (QTL), discol1, was identified by composite interval mapping in LG A2 (chromosome 8) across years and locations. It had an LOD score of 5.58 explaining 22.0% of phenotypic variance in 2003 and a LOD score of 5.62 explaining 20.2% of variance in 2007. The allele from 0518BW‐8 increased the L* value at the QTL. Position of discol1 was close to the I locus corresponding to the chalcone synthase (CHS) multigene family cluster. No sequence differences were observed between the two lines in nucleotide sequences of CHS1 and CHS3 genes and the intergenic region between CHS1 and CHS3.
Evaluation and Validation of Ecogeographical Core Collections using Phenotypic Data
Authors: Parra‐Quijano Mauricio , Iriondo José M. , Torres Elena , De la Rosa Lucía 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the phenotypic representativeness of core collections generated independently with ecogeographical data or with morphological data. The Spanish Phaseolus vulgaris L. collection was the target germplasm collection, and one map of ecogeographical categories and 15 morphological variables were used to create core collections. Three ecogeographical and 12 morphological core collections were produced combining different grouping methods (categories from ecogeographical land characterization map [CEM], two‐step clustering [TSC], Ward–modified location model clustering [WM], and unweighted pair‐group method using arithmetic average [UPGMA]) and allocation strategies (constant [C], proportional [P], logarithmic [L], and Gower's distance [D]). An additional morphological core collection was created using a modified least distance stepwise sampling (LDSSm) method. Core collections were evaluated with morphological data using parameters for qualitative and quantitative variables that were summarized in a new synthetic evaluation parameter (SEP). Synthetic evaluation parameter results showed that the ecogeographical core collections had high phenotypic representativeness, similar to that of morphological core collections generated by the combination of WM and TSC grouping methods and P allocation strategy. A graphical evaluation of core collections supported these results. In conclusion, ecogeographical information was confirmed as a good alternative or complement to other types of data to create reliable and representative core collections.
Environmental Variation and Correlation of Seed Components in Nontransgenic Soybeans: Protein, Oil, Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, and Isoflavones
Authors: Carrera Constanza , Martínez María José , Dardanelli Julio , Balzarini Mónica 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe environment has a significant influence on the expression of traits contributing to soybean nutritional and/or industrial value. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the variability of nontransgenic soybean seed chemical components by investigating the environmental correlations among protein (Pr), oil (O), oleic (Ol), linoleic (La), and linolenic (Ln) acids, oleic to linolenic acid ratio (Ol:Ln) alpha‐ (AT), beta‐ (BT), gamma‐ (GT), delta‐ (DT), and total tocopherols (TT) and total isoflavones (TI) by means of principal component analysis. We analyzed seeds from multienvironment trials involving 23 field trials grown in Argentina (24 to 38° S latitude). A wide range of variability was observed for Ol, Ln, Ol:Ln, AT, BT, and TI. The strongest environment‐induced relationships found were the negative correlation between DT and AT and the positive correlation between DT and Ln. Increased Ol:Ln was negatively correlated with Ln. High values of DT, Ln, and Pr were associated with cool environments, TI content was greater in temperate to cool environments, and AT, O, and Ol:Ln were associated with warm environments. Warm environments would be suitable for obtaining products with higher O concentration of low oxidation capacity and greater vitamin E content. In turn, temperate to cool environments would be suitable for the production of soybean with higher TI, La, Ln, and TT content; in addition, these environments would favor seeds of higher Pr concentration.
Identification of Creeping Foxtail Germplasm with High Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value
Authors: Robins Joseph G. , Jensen Kevin B. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTWhile creeping foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir.) is widely grown in wet meadows and pastures throughout temperate regions of the United States and world, only the cultivars ‘Garrison’ and ‘Retain’ have been developed in the United States. These cultivars represent a narrow genetic base and substantial improvement of creeping foxtail may be realized by incorporating additional germplasm resources into a cultivar development program. The study described herein compared the agronomic and nutritive value of 47 creeping foxtail accessions to that of Garrison and Retain in a field study conducted over two production years at a site near Richmond, UT. The effect of accessions was separated into the component due to the region of origin and the component due to the accession per se. Differences were limited among region of origin, although significant differences occurred for dry matter yield and in vitro true digestibility. The U.S. cultivars had the numerically highest dry matter yield (116 g plot−1) and the Mongolian accessions (945 g kg−1) had higher in vitro true digestibility than the other regions. Differences among the individual accessions occurred for all traits except rhizome spread. A group of seven accessions from Afghanistan, Iran, Russia, and Turkey exhibited high dry matter yield and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. These accessions could be combined with the cultivar Garrison to develop a broad base population for further creeping foxtail improvement and cultivar development.
Nonstructural Carbohydrate Content in the Stem at Full Heading Contributes to High Performance of Ripening in Heat‐Tolerant Rice Cultivar Nikomaru
Authors: Morita S. , Nakano H. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTRice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yields in western Japan have recently decreased as a result of higher temperatures during ripening. The improvement of rice cultivars for stable production is a pressing need because of climate change. In this study, the features of good ripening of the new rice cultivar Nikomaru were analyzed through a 3‐yr field experiment. Nikomaru showed a yield increase of 7 to 8% compared with the leading cultivar in western Japan, Hinohikari, even though these cultivars have similar source size (available carbohydrate during ripening) and sink size (total spikelet number and rough grain size). The greater ripening index (percentage of ripened grains × 1000‐grain weight) in Nikomaru, which determined the varietal yield differences in this study, was attributed to the translocated dry matter for ripening (ΔT) but not to the newly assimilated dry matter during ripening (ΔW). In addition, ΔT was positively correlated with the nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem at full heading (NSCh). There was positive correlation between the NSCh and the percentage of ripened grains in the hotter years (2005 and 2007). It was suggested that a large NSCh as the main source of the ΔT contributes to the maintenance of a higher ripening rate especially under high temperatures.
The Relevancy of Forage Quality to Beef Production
Authors: Phillips W. A. , Horn G. W. , Cole N. A. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTLow cost and abundant fossil fuels have driven the U.S. beef industry toward greater dependence on feed grains as the major feedstuff for finished beef cattle production. Further, it has led to a centralized beef cattle feeding and processing system concentrated in the High Plains states. Low cost fuel and mechanization of harvesting of forages allowed cow‐calf producers to calve in late winter, which produced older heavier calves in the fall. The stocker industry evolved as a cushion between the cow‐calf producer, stabilizing the flow of cattle into the feedlots and resulting in a steady flow out of the feedlots, through the processing plants, and into the retail market. In the future, other domesticated species and biofuel demands will out bid beef cattle for feed grains and transportation cost of live and processed beef cattle will increase. As a result, a greater proportion of our finished beef supply must come from forage‐based diets harvested by grazing beef cattle and the final product will be processed nearer to the consumer to lower food miles and total cost of the finished product. Improving forage quality, extending the grazing season, selecting beef cattle that are efficient converters of forages into body weigh gain, and developing sustainable forage‐based grazing production systems will be imperative.
Leaf Transpiration Efficiency of Sweet Corn Varieties from Three Eras of Breeding
Authors: Bunce James A. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTWhen measured under midday field conditions, modern varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) often have substomatal carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) values in excess of those required to saturate the photosynthetic carbon dioxide assimilation rate (A). This results in lower leaf transpiration efficiency (TE), the ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration, than potentially achievable for a given rate of photosynthesis. In some other crops, breeding has indirectly resulted in a large increase in stomatal conductance (gs), which would decrease TE. I tested whether this occurred in sweet corn by comparing five open‐pollinated varieties released before 1903 with four standard hybrid varieties released in the mid‐1900s and four varieties released after 1990. Leaf gas exchange of each variety was measured under ambient midday field conditions on eight sunny days over two seasons in Beltsville, MD. Although there were significant differences among varieties in gs, A, Ci, and TE, no effect of era was significant for any variable except A. Of the four modern varieties tested, two had the highest gs and two had the lowest gs of any of the varieties compared, with high gs associated with low TE. These four varieties were further compared in a third year and were found to differ consistently in leaf TE but not in A. It is concluded that breeding over the last century has not increased gs or decreased leaf TE in sweet corn but that there is significant variation in TE among modern sweet corn varieties.
The Use of Ultrasonography, Transient Elastography, APRI and FIB-4 to Measure Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in HIV-Positive Patients Not Co- Infected with Hepatitis Viruses with Hypertransaminasemia of Unknown Etiology on HAART
Authors: Izzo Ilaria , Biasi Luciano , Mendeni Monia , Prestini Katiela , Vavassori Andrea , Foca Emanuele , Quiros-Roldan Eugenia , Carosi Giampiero , Torti Carlo 
Published: February 2011

Background:
HIV positive patients may be affected by hypertransaminasemia notwithstanding they are not coinfected
with HCV and HBV.

Aims:

To understand the causes of this abnormality and what correlates are in terms of ultrasonic transient elastography
(UTE) and ultrasonography (U) features and fibrosis scores.

Methods:

HIV positive patients with hypertransaminasemia have been studied. They underwent UTE and U. Non-invasive
fibrosis scores (APRI and FIB-4) were calculated. Moreover, they underwent immunological and virological tests to
exclude known causes of liver damage (including alcohol abuse).

Results:

Among 24 patients, 3 presented a progressive fibrosis at UTE. 3/3 with progressive fibrosis and further 14
patients among the entire sample had steatosis at U. Using non-invasive fibrosis scores, no patients had significant
fibrosis, while 5 patients had mild fibrosis. 14 patients had hepatomegaly independently from steatosis. One patient has
progressive fibrosis at UTE and mild fibrosis at both APRI and FIB-4, while 2 patients had fibrosis only at UTE, 2 only at
APRI and 1 at both APRI and FIB-4, but not at UTE. Alcoholaemia was negative in all patients, confirming anamnestic
information. No other causes of liver disease were found.

Conclusions:

In this series, more than 50% of patients had steatosis at U. Discordance between the non-invasive methods
to estimate liver fibrosis were found. Further prospective studies are necessary to assess concordance between these
methods and liver biopsy and assess the prognostic value of UTE, APRI and FIB-4 for liver complications in HIV monoinfected
patients so as to improve diagnostic algorithms.
Satisfaction with Renal Replacement Therapy and Education
Authors: Fadem Stephen Z. , Walker David R. , Abbott Greg , Friedman Amy L. , Goldman Richard , Sexton Sue , Buettner Kim , Robinson Kris , Peters Thomas G. 
Published: February 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
This study was undertaken by the American Association of Kidney Patients (AAKP) to better understand ESRD patients' satisfaction with their current renal replacement therapy (RRT) and the education they received before initiating therapy.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In addition to an open invitation on the AAKP website, nearly 9000 ESRD patients received invitations to complete the survey, which consisted of 46 questions. Satisfaction was measured on a 1 (extremely dissatisfied) to 7 (extremely satisfied) scale.

Results
Survey respondents were younger, more highly educated, and more likely to be white as well as employed as compared with the U.S. dialysis population. A total of 977 patients responded. Overall patient satisfaction with current RRT treatment varied from a low of 4.5 for in-center hemodialysis (ICHD) to a high of 6.1 in transplant (TX) patients. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home hemodialysis (HHD) mean scores were 5.2 and 5.5, respectively. PD, HHD, and TX patients' satisfaction scores were significantly higher than those of ICHD patients (P < 0.05). Approximately 31% of respondents felt that the therapies were not equally and fairly presented as treatment options, and 32% responded that they were not educated regarding HHD.

Conclusions
ESRD patients are not uniformly advised about all possible treatment methods and hence were only moderately satisfied with their pretreatment education. Once on RRT, those on a home therapy or with a kidney TX are more satisfied than those with ICHD.
Inferior Vena Cava Diameter and Left Atrial Diameter Measure Volume but Not Dry Weight
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv , Bouldin J. Michael , Light Robert P. , Garg Ashok 
Published: February 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Hypervolemia is an important and modifiable cause of hypertension. Hypertension improves with probing dry weight, but its effect on echocardiographic measures of volume is unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Shortly after dialysis, echocardiograms were obtained at baseline and longitudinally every 4 weeks on two occasions. Among 100 patients in the additional ultrafiltration group, 198 echocardiograms were performed; among 50 patients in the control group, 104 echocardiograms were performed.

Results
Baseline inferior vena cava (IVC)insp diameter was approximately 5.1 mm/m2; with ultrafiltration, change in IVCinsp diameter was −0.95 mm/m2 more compared with the control group at 4 weeks and −1.18 mm/m2 more compared with the control group at 8 weeks. From baseline IVCexp diameter of approximately 8.2 mm/m2, ultrafiltration-induced change at 4 weeks was −1.06 mm/m2 more and at 8 weeks was −1.07 mm/m2 more (P = 0.044). From a baseline left atrial diameter of 2.1 cm/m2, ultrafiltration-induced change at 4 weeks was −0.14 cm/m2 more and at 8 weeks was −0.15 cm/m2 more. At baseline, there was no relationship between interdialytic ambulatory BP and echocardiographic parameters of volume. The reduction in interdialytic ambulatory BP was also independent of change in the echocardiographic volume parameters.

Conclusions
The inferior vena cava and left atrial diameters are echocardiographic parameters that are responsive to probing dry weight; thus, they reflect excess volume. However, echocardiographic volume parameters are poor determinants of interdialytic BP, and their change does not predict the BP response to probing dry weight.
GIP Does Not Potentiate the Antidiabetic Effects of GLP-1 in Hyperglycemic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mentis Nikolaos , Vardarli Irfan , Köthe Lars D. , Holst Jens J. , Deacon Carolyn F. , Theodorakis Michael , Meier Juris J. , Nauck Michael A. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
The incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) exerts insulinotropic activity in type 2 diabetic patients, whereas glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) no longer does. We studied whether GIP can alter the insulinotropic or glucagonostatic activity of GLP-1 in type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twelve patients with type 2 diabetes (nine men and three women; 61 ± 10 years; BMI 30.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2; HbA1c 7.3 ± 1.5%) were studied. In randomized order, intravenous infusions of GLP-1(7-36)-amide (1.2 pmol · kg−1 · min−1), GIP (4 pmol · kg−1 · min−1), GLP-1 plus GIP, and placebo were administered over 360 min after an overnight fast (≥1 day wash-out period between experiments). Capillary blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GIP, GLP-1, and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined.

RESULTS
Exogenous GLP-1 alone reduced glycemia from 10.3 to 5.1 ± 0.2 mmol/L. Insulin secretion was stimulated (insulin, C-peptide, P &lt; 0.0001), and glucagon was suppressed (P = 0.009). With GIP alone, glucose was lowered slightly (P = 0.0021); insulin and C-peptide were stimulated to a lesser degree than with GLP-1 (P &lt; 0.001). Adding GIP to GLP-1 did not further enhance the insulinotropic activity of GLP-1 (insulin, P = 0.90; C-peptide, P = 0.85). Rather, the suppression of glucagon elicited by GLP-1 was antagonized by the addition of GIP (P = 0.008). FFA were suppressed by GLP-1 (P &lt; 0.0001) and hardly affected by GIP (P = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONS
GIP is unable to further amplify the insulinotropic and glucose-lowering effects of GLP-1 in type 2 diabetes. Rather, the suppression of glucagon by GLP-1 is antagonized by GIP.
Diet-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Liver Steatosis Are Prevented by DPP-4 Inhibition in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Shirakawa Jun , Fujii Hideki , Ohnuma Kei , Sato Koichiro , Ito Yuzuru , Kaji Mitsuyo , Sakamoto Eri , Koganei Megumi , Sasaki Hajime , Nagashima Yoji , Amo Kikuko , Aoki Kazutaka , Morimoto Chikao , Takeda Eiji , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
Diet composition alters the metabolic states of adipocytes and hepatocytes in diabetes. The effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition on adipose tissue inflammation and fatty liver have been obscure. We investigated the extrapancreatic effects of DPP-4 inhibition on visceral fat and the liver.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We investigated diet-induced metabolic changes in β-cell–specific glucokinase haploinsufficient (Gck+/−) diabetic mice. We challenged animals with a diet containing a combination of sucrose and oleic acid (SO) or sucrose and linoleic acid (SL). Next, we assessed the effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor, des-fluoro-sitagliptin, on adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic steatosis.

RESULTS
The epididymal fat weight and serum leptin level were significantly higher in Gck+/− mice fed SL than in mice fed SO, although no significant differences in body weight or adipocyte size were noted. Compared with SO, SL increased the numbers of CD11c+ M1 macrophages and CD8+ T-cells in visceral adipose tissue and the expression of E-selectin, P-selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). DPP-4 inhibition significantly prevented adipose tissue infiltration by CD8+ T-cells and M1 macrophages and decreased the expression of PAI-1. The production of cytokines by activated T-cells was not affected by DPP-4 inhibition. Furthermore, DPP-4 inhibition prevented fatty liver in both wild-type and Gck+/− mice. DPP-4 inhibition also decreased the expressions of sterol regulatory element–binding protein-1c, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and fatty acid synthase, and increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α in the liver.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicated that DPP-4 inhibition has extrapancreatic protective effects against diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic steatosis.