bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum brachypodum.
Authors: Shen Yong , Zuo Ai‐Xue , Jiang Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Wang Hong‐Ling , Chen Ji‐Jun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractN(19)‐en‐denudatine (I) and N(4)‐butanone‐flavaconitine (II) are isolated from the title herb which is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatism and pains.
ChemInform Abstract: Sinefungin VA and Dehydrosinefungin V, New Antitrypanosomal Antibiotics Produced by Streptomyces sp. K05‐0178.
Authors: Shiomi Kazuro , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2011

Abstractisolation, physicochemical properties, structure and biological properties of the two new nucleotide antibiotics, sinefungin VA (I) and dehydrosinefungin V (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Click‐Based Synthesis and Proteomic Profiling of Lipstatin Analogues.
Authors: Ngai Mun H. , Yang Peng‐Yu , Liu Kai , Shen Yuan , Wenk Markus R. , Yao Shao Q. , Lear Martin J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA small natural product‐based library of lipstatin analogues (X) is synthesized and evaluated for cellular activity and protein specificity.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Flux Solar‐Driven Thermochemical Dissociation of CO2 and H2O Using Nonstoichiometric Ceria.
Authors: Chueh William C. , Falter Christoph , Abbott Mandy , Scipio Danien , Furler Philipp , Haile Sossina M. , Steinfeld Aldo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA solar reactor consisting of a thermally insulated cavity receiver containing a porous monolithic ceria cylinder directly exposed to solar radiation is used to thermochemically dissociate CO2 and H2O at elevated temperatures yielding CO and H2, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: On the General Outline of Physical Properties of Amorphous‐Nanocrystalline Fe—Cr—Mn—N Alloy Powders Prepared by Mechanical Alloying under Nitrogen
Authors: Amini R. , Salahinejad E. , Bajestani E. Askari , Hadianfard M. J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReview: 35 refs
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral BINOL‐Derived Phosphoric Acids: Privileged Broensted Acid Organocatalysts for C—C Bond Formation Reactions.
Authors: Zamfir Alexandru , Schenker Sebastian , Freund Matthias , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReview: application in hydrocyanation, aldol‐type, Mannich, Friedel—Crafts, aza‐ene‐type, Diels—Alder, cascade, and multi‐component reactions; ca. 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (Thymoglobulin: 25 Years and New Frontiers in Solid Organ Transplantation and Haematology
Authors: Gaber A. Osama , Monaco Anthony P. , Russell James A. , Lebranchu Yvon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReview: 227 refs.
Studies on the Origin of Dropwise Condensation of Steam on Ion Implanted Metallic Surfaces
Authors: Rausch Michael Heinrich , Leipertz Alfred , Fröba Andreas Paul , Fröba Andreas Paul , Jakobs Peter‐Jürgen , Durst Karsten , Göken Mathias 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Ursache der Tropfenkondensation von Wasserdampf an ionenimplantierten Metalloberflächen wurde grundlegend untersucht. Auf Basis von Kondensationsexperimenten und Oberflächenanalysen konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass chemisch inhomogene und sich durch topografische Nanostrukturen auszeichnende Oberflächen mit der Einstellung von Tropfenkondensation im Zusammenhang stehen. Die Entstehung dieser die Kondensationsform beeinflussenden Oberflächencharakteristika ist auf partikelartige Ausscheidungen zurückzuführen, die an ionenimplantierten Oberflächen durch den Abbau der Übersättigung des Basismaterials mit den Dotierelementen gebildet werden. Ähnliche Oberflächeneigenschaften entwickeln sich auch an verschiedenen unbehandelten, hochlegierten Werkstoffen spontan durch Oxidations‐ und Abtragungseffekte während des Kondensationsprozesses, was ebenfalls zur Einstellung von Tropfenkondensation führt. Eine mögliche Erklärung für die beobachteten Kondensationsphänomene an entsprechenden Oberflächen liefert eine neu entwickelte Modellvorstellung zum stattfindenden Kondensationsmechanismus.
IceLuva: A scripting framework for MR image reconstruction based on free software
Authors: Santini Francesco , Patil Sunil , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: February 2011

AbstractImage reconstruction is an essential part of the magnetic resonance imaging process, and a whole field of research is dedicated to the development of reconstruction algorithms. For this reason, scanner manufacturers provide researchers with programming frameworks that give full control over the whole procedure. The drawback is that these environments are complex, and the code is non‐portable and covered by non‐disclosure agreements. In this article, a simplified framework based on a free scripting language (Lua) is presented. It is oriented to the development of postprocessing algorithms that are seamlessly integrated with the pipeline of a commercial scanner. The structure privileges simplicity over performance, to be quickly learned and used by researchers and students who might not be acquainted with low‐level programming languages. Common postprocessing algorithms (contrast modulation, pixelwise fitting, phase‐contrast imaging) could be implemented with ∼100 logical lines of code or less, using a syntax that is similar to the Matlab programming language. The average performance of the reconstruction was lower with respect to the native implementation, but superior to offline postprocessing on a desktop computer, without the bottleneck of offline data export. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 1–10, 2011
A 20‐channel coil for improved magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerve
Authors: Minalga Emilee , Rose John , Choi Seong‐Eun , Jeong Eun‐Kee , Kholmovski Eugene , Vijayakumar Sathya , Parker Dennis , Hadley Rock 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this thesis is to design and construct a radio‐frequency coil for imaging the optic nerve on a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The goal of the work is to increase signal‐to‐noise ratio from the orbits to the optic chiasm, compared to the current coil designs used for imaging the optic nerve. The coil utilizes a mask fiberglass former, with the coils designed to obtain the most signal‐to‐noise ratio at the optic nerve. The design uses a 20‐channel radio‐frequency coil array, with coil placement along the optic nerve. The signal‐to‐noise ratio achieved was compared to the clinically available 12‐channel head coil. The improved signal‐to‐noise ratio allowed for higher resolution, diffusion tensor imaging, and parallel imaging superior to the current standard. Patient images showed that the plaques evidenced in the images correspond well to patient histories of bilateral and unilateral disease of the optic nerves. This optic nerve coil has shown improved patient care after increasing the diagnostic power of the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 26–36, 2011
Improving signal‐to‐noise ratio of hyperpolarized noble gas MR imaging at 73.5 mT using multiturn Litz wire radiofrequency receive coils
Authors: Carias Marc F. , Dominguez‐Viqueira William , Santyr Giles E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHyperpolarized noble gases (3He, 129Xe) are used in Magnetic Resonance imaging as inhaled contrast agents to visualize the lung. Because the magnetization derived from hyperpolarization is independent of magnetic field strength, low magnetic fields can be used, where coil noise dominates over sample noise. It has been shown previously that signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of hyperpolarized 129Xe rat lung images can be improved with the use of saddle‐shaped radiofrequency receive coils constructed of Litz wire in a single layer with up to 20 turns. Increased number of turns is expected to provide additional sensitivity. In this work, coils of the same geometry were built using Litz wire with either the addition of more turns (up to 48) or the addition of two layers and compared using water phantoms. It is shown that the addition of 48 turns in a single layer provided a 42% increase in SNR, when compared to the 20 turns, whereas the dual‐layered approach provided no measurable benefit. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B:37–42, 2011
Characterization and reduction of X‐gradient induced eddy currents in a NdFeB magnetic resonance imaging magnet‐3D finite element method‐based numerical studies
Authors: Li Xia , Xia Ling , Liu Feng , Crozier Stuart , Xie Dexin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn permanent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, pulsed gradient fields induce strong eddy currents in the conducting structures of the magnet. The gradient field for image encoding is perturbed by these eddy currents, thus leading to MR image distortions. The conventional approach for the reduction of the eddy current effects is to employ passive shielding (an eddy current board). However, the analysis of the passive shielding structure is typically nonoptimal. In this article, a comprehensive 3D finite element method (FEM) model for the characterization of eddy currents in the ferromagnetic materials of the magnet is developed, which is helpful for the evaluation of the shielding effects and the improvement of passive shielding designs. During the numerical analyses, the eddy current source was introduced through X‐gradient coils, nonlinearity, and the anisotropy of the laminated silicon steel structure was considered, with the selection of a penalty factor in the FEM governing equations being also detailed. Based on the simulations results, suggestions have been made for passive shielding designs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B:47–58, 2011
Prognostic significance of angiogenesis and angiogenic growth factors in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Salgia Ravi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCurrently, nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related death in the United States. Angiogenesis, the formation of new vasculature, is a complex and tightly regulated process that promotes metastasis and disease progression in lung cancer and other malignancies. Developmental antiangiogenic agents have shown activity in NSCLC, and bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody, is approved for the treatment of patients with advanced disease. However, predictive biomarkers are needed to guide the administration of antiangiogenic agents. It is possible that angiogenic molecules could accurately predict patient response to targeted antiangiogenic therapies, which would allow individualized and perhaps more effective treatment. Angiogenic signaling molecules may also have value as prognostic indicators, which may be useful for the management of NSCLC. Here the author provides an overview of angiogenic molecules currently being investigated as prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC and discusses their potential to guide treatment choices. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Is the N1c category of the new american joint committee on cancer staging system applicable to patients with rectal cancer who receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy?
Authors: Song Joon Seon , Chang Hee Jin , Kim Dae Yong , Kim Sun Young , Baek Ji Yeon , Park Ji Won , Park Sung Chan , Choi Hyo Seong , Oh Jae Hwan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Pericolorectal tumor deposits (TDs) are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer, and the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system recently classified TDs without regional lymph node metastasis as category N1c. However, the definition of TDs has varied. Moreover, with the recent, widespread application of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in rectal cancers, residual primary tumor confined to the mesorectum is not infrequent, and it is unclear whether the N1c category is appropriate for these tumors.METHODS:To evaluate the prognostic significance of the N1c classification in patients with rectal cancers after preoperative CRT, the authors reviewed the histologic features of 136 rectal cancers that were classified previously with a tumor classification of 3 [T3], negative lymph nodes [N0], and no metastasis [M0] based on the pathologic extent of disease (ypT3N0M0). These tumors were reclassified according to the new AJCC staging system, and patient outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS:Perirectal TDs were detected in 16 of 136 patients (11.8%). Patterns of TD included a separate nodule pattern in 6 patients (38%), a perivascular pattern in 4 patients (25%), a perineural pattern in 4 patients (25%), and a lymphatic pattern in 2 patients (12%). By using the new N1c category, 120 patients (88.2%) were classified with yp‐stage IIA disease, 6 patients (4.4%) were classified with yp‐stage IIIA disease, and 10 patients (7.4%) were classified with yp‐stage IIIB disease. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the TD‐positive and TD‐negative groups in disease‐free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) (P = .48 for both; log‐rank test). In addition, the reclassified TMN stage was not related to DFS (P = .17) or OS (P = .072).CONCLUSIONS:The category N1c may not be appropriate for patients with rectal cancer after preoperative CRT, because the definition of ypN1c was confusing and did not have prognostic significance. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Circulating endothelial progenitors and CXCR4‐positive circulating endothelial cells are predictive markers for bevacizumab
Authors: Matsusaka Satoshi , Mishima Yuji , Suenaga Mitsukuni , Terui Yasuhito , Kuniyoshi Ryoko , Mizunuma Nobuyuki , Hatake Kiyohiko 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy is a standard option in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of circulating endothelial cell progenitors (CEPs) and phenotypical circulating endothelial cells (CECs) as surrogate markers of clinical outcome in mCRC patients to identify responders to bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy.METHODS:A total of 69 patients with measurable mCRC were enrolled in this prospective study. Whole blood samples were analyzed before initiation of treatment and on days 4 and 14. Phenotypical CECs and CEPs were then isolated and enumerated by using flow cytometry.RESULTS:CEP levels of less than 0.04% on day 4 were significantly associated with longer progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (P < .001, P = .002, respectively) as compared with levels of 0.04% or more. In addition, CXCR4‐positive CEC levels of less than 20% at baseline were significantly associated with longer PFS and OS as compared other indicators investigated (P < .001, P = .002, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Levels of CEPs on day 4 and proportion of CXCR4‐positive CECs at baseline were correlated with the prognosis of bevacizumab combination chemotherapy, suggesting that these surrogate markers may play a core role in the selection of candidates for bevacizumab treatment. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Treatment with lenalidomide modulates T‐cell immunophenotype and cytokine production in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Lee Bang‐Ning , Gao Hui , Cohen Evan N. , Badoux Xavier , Wierda William G. , Estrov Zeev , Faderl Stefan H. , Keating Michael J. , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Reuben James M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent, has activity in lymphoproliferative disorders. The authors, therefore, evaluated its effects on T‐cell immunophenotype and cytokine production in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).METHODS:To study the immunomodulatory effects of lenalidomide in CLL, the authors recruited 24 patients with untreated CLL enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial of lenalidomide and obtained peripheral blood specimens for immunologic studies consisting of enumeration of T cells and assessing their ability to synthesize cytokines after activation through T‐cell receptor (TCR).RESULTS:After 3 cycles of therapy, patients had a significant reduction in percentage (%) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and an increase in percentage of T cells, percentage of activated CD8+ T cells producing IFN‐γ, and percentage of regulatory T (TR) cells when compared with their respective levels before treatment. After 15 cycles of treatment, responder patients had significant reduction in percentage of lymphocytes and ALC, percentage of activated CD4+ T cells producing IL‐2, IFN‐γ, or TNF‐α, and percentage of TR cells when compared with their perspective levels after 3 cycles of treatment. Furthermore, the numbers of activated CD4+ T cells producing IL‐2, IFN‐γ, or TNF‐α, activated CD8+ T cells producing IFN‐γ, and TR cells normalized to the range of healthy subjects.CONCLUSIONS:Treatment with lenalidomide resulted in the normalization of functional T‐cell subsets in responders, suggesting that lenalidomide may modulate cell‐mediated immunity in patients with CLL. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Distribution of the auxiliary GABAB receptor subunits KCTD8, 12, 12b, and 16 in the mouse brain
Authors: Metz Michaela , Gassmann Martin , Fakler Bernd , Schaeren‐Wiemers Nicole , Bettler Bernhard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGABAB receptors are the G‐protein‐coupled receptors for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). KCTD8, 12, 12b, and 16 were recently identified as auxiliary GABAB receptor subunits and distinctly influence biophysical and pharmacological properties of the receptor response. Here we examined the expression patterns of the KCTDs in the mouse brain. Using in situ hybridization analysis, we found that most neurons express KCTD transcripts, supporting biochemical data showing that most GABAB receptors in the brain incorporate KCTD proteins. In the adult brain, KCTD12 and 16 have a widespread and KCTD8 and 12b a restricted expression pattern. Individual neurons can coexpress multiple KCTDs, as shown for granule cells and CA1/CA3 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus that coexpress KCTD12 and 16. In contrast, granule, Purkinje, and Golgi cells in the cerebellum selectively express one KCTD at a time. The expression levels of individual KCTD transcripts vary during postnatal brain development. Immunohistochemistry reveals that individual KCTD proteins can exhibit distinct axonal or dendritic localizations in neuronal populations. KCTDs are also detectable in nonneuronal tissues not expected to express GABAB receptors, suggesting that the role of KCTD proteins extends beyond GABAB receptors. In summary, our findings support that most brain GABAB receptors associate with KCTD proteins, but that the repertoire and abundance of KCTDs varies during development, among brain areas, neuronal populations, and at subcellular sites. We propose that the distinct spatial and temporal KCTD distribution patterns underlie functional differences in native GABAB responses. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1435–1454, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex neural architecture in the diploblastic larva of Clava multicornis (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)
Authors: Piraino Stefano , Zega Giuliana , Di Benedetto Cristiano , Leone Antonella , Dell'Anna Alessandro , Pennati Roberta , Candia Carnevali Daniela , Schmid Volker , Reichert Heinrich 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe organization of the cnidarian nervous system has been widely documented in polyps and medusae, but little is known about the nervous system of planula larvae, which give rise to adult forms after settling and metamorphosis. We describe histological and cytological features of the nervous system in planulae of the hydrozoan Clava multicornis. These planulae do not swim freely in the water column but rather crawl on the substrate by means of directional, coordinated ciliary movement coupled to lateral muscular bending movements associated with positive phototaxis. Histological analysis shows pronounced anteroposterior regionalization of the planula's nervous system, with different neural cell types highly concentrated at the anterior pole. Transmission electron microscopy of planulae shows the nervous system to be unusually complex, with a large, orderly array of sensory cells at the anterior pole. In the anterior half of the planula, the basiectodermal plexus of neurites forms an extensive orthogonal network, whereas more posteriorly neurites extend longitudinally along the body axis. Additional levels of nervous system complexity are uncovered by neuropeptide‐specific immunocytochemistry, which reveals distinct neural subsets having specific molecular phenotypes. Together these observations imply that the nervous system of the planula of Clava multicornis manifests a remarkable level of histological, cytological, and functional organization, the features of which may be reminiscent of those present in early bilaterian animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1931–1951, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reelin inhibits migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord of the chick
Authors: Yip Yee Ping , Zhou Guangdou , Kubo Ken‐Ichiro , Nakajima Kazunori , Yip Joseph W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of Reelin in the migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) in the spinal cord of the chick. SPN in the chick first migrate from the neuroepithelium to the ventrolateral spinal cord. They then undergo a secondary migration to cluster adjacent to the central canal, forming the column of Terni (CT). During secondary migration, abundant Reelin is found in large areas of the ventral spinal cord; the only areas devoid of Reelin are areas occupied by SPN or somatic motor neurons and the pathway along which SPN migrate. Ectopic expression of Reelin in the pathway of SPN through electroporation of full‐length Reelin DNA stopped SPN migration toward their destination. The spatiotemporal pattern of Reelin expression, along with the inhibition of SPN migration by exogenous Reelin, suggests that Reelin functions as a barrier to SPN migration during normal development of the spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1970–1978, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axon cap morphology of the sea robin (Prionotus carolinus): mauthner cell is correlated with the presence of “signature” field potentials and a C‐Type startle response
Authors: Zottoli Steven J. , Wong Tina W. , Agostini Mark A. , Meyers Jason R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractStudies on the Mauthner cell (M‐cell) of goldfish, Carassius auratus, have facilitated our understanding of how sensory information is integrated in the hindbrain to initiate C‐type fast startle responses (C‐starts). The goldfish M‐cell initial segment/axon hillock is surrounded by a composite axon cap consisting of a central core and a peripheral zone covered by a glial cell layer. The high resistivity of the axon cap results in “signature” field potentials recorded on activation of the M‐cell, allowing unequivocal physiological identification of the M‐cell and of its feedback and reciprocal inhibitory networks that are crucial in ensuring that only one M‐cell is active and that it fires only once. Phylogenetic mapping of axon cap morphology to muscle activity patterns and behavior predicts that teleost fishes that have a composite axon cap, like that of the goldfish, will perform C‐start behavior with primarily unilateral muscle activity. We have chosen to study these predictions in the northern sea robin, Prionotus carolinus, a percomorph fish. Although sea robins have a very different phylogenetic position, body form, and habitat compared with the goldfish, they display the correlation of axon cap morphology to physiology and C‐start behavior. Differences in response parameters suggest some evolutionary trade‐offs in sea robin C‐start behavior compared with that of the goldfish, but the correlations in morphology, physiology, and behavior are common features of both otophysan and nonotophysan teleosts. The M‐cell will continue to provide an unprecedented opportunity to study the evolution of a neural circuit in the context of behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1979–1998, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.