bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchodilator responsiveness in wheezy infants and toddlers is not associated with asthma risk factors
Authors: Debley Jason , Stanojevic Sanja , Filbrun Amy G. , Subbarao Padmaja 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data assessing bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) in infants and toddlers with recurrent wheezing, and factors associated with a positive response.ObjectivesIn a multicenter study of children ≤ 36 months old, we assessed the prevalence of and factors associated with BDR among infants/toddlers with recurrent episodes of wheezing.MethodsForced expiratory flows and volumes using the raised‐volume rapid thoracic compression method were measured in 76 infants/toddlers [mean (SD) age 16.8 (7.6) months] with recurrent wheezing before and after administration of albuterol. Prior history of hospitalization or emergency department treatment for wheezing, use of inhaled or systemic corticosteroids, physician treatment of eczema, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and family history of asthma or allergic rhinitis were ascertained.ResultsUsing the published upper limit of normal for post bronchodilator change (FEV0.5 ≥ 13% and/or FEF25–75 ≥ 24%) in healthy infants, 24% (n = 18) of children in our study exhibited BDR. The BDR response was not associated with any clinical factor other than body size. Dichotomizing subjects into responders (defined by published limits of normal) or by quartile to identify children with the greatest change from baseline (4th quartile vs. other) did not identify any other factor associated with BDR.ConclusionsApproximately one quarter of infants/toddlers with recurrent wheezing exhibited BDR at their clinical baseline. However, BDR in wheezy infants/toddlers was not associated with established clinical asthma risk factors. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:421–428. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic changes induced by anaesthesia and muscle relaxant treatment prior to electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Stelzhammer Viktoria , Rothermundt Matthias , Guest Paul C. , Michael Nikolaus , Sondermann Carina , Kluge Wolfgang , Martins‐de‐Souza Daniel , Rahmoune Hassan , Bahn Sabine 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in patients. Prior to treatment, patients are usually given short‐acting anaesthetics and muscle relaxants to avoid harm, e.g. musculoskeletal injury, during the convulsions. However, most molecular studies investigating the mechanism of action of ECT have not explored the potential effects of the pre‐treatment with anaesthetic and/ or muscle relaxant.Experimental design: We have carried out a targeted proteome analysis using multiplex immunoassay platform of serum samples before and 10 min after initiating the administration of the anaesthetic methohexital®and the muscle relaxant succinylcholine®to eight major depressive disorder patients undergoing ECT.Results: Twenty‐six out of 142 analysed molecules showed significant differences in abundance after the methohexital/succinylcholine treatment. Importantly, eight of these molecules (fatty acid‐binding protein, insulin, interleukin (IL)1β, IL‐10, IL‐4, prolactin, S100 calcium‐binding protein B and tumor necrosis factor α) have been associated previously with effects of ECT.Conclusions and clinical relevance: These findings indicate that caution should be used when interpreting results in existing and future proteome‐based biomarkers studies on the effects of ECT in neuropsychiatric disease or the use of anaesthetic/muscle relaxant in major surgical operations related to different therapeutic areas.
Foaling rates in feral horses treated with the immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida
Authors: Ransom Jason I. , Roelle James E. , Cade Brian S. , Coates‐Markle Linda , Kane Albert J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLocally abundant feral horses (Equus caballus) can rapidly deplete available resources. Fertility control agents present promising nonlethal tools for reducing their population growth rates. We tested the effect of 2 forms of the immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida (PZP) on foaling rates in 3 populations of feral horses in the western United States. A liquid form requiring annual boosters was administered at Little Book Cliffs Wild Horse Range, Mesa County (CO), and Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range, Bighorn County (WY) and Carbon County (MT), and a time‐release pellet form designed to produce 2 yr of infertility was administered at McCullough Peaks Herd Management Area, Park County (WY). Average foaling rates (foals born/mare‐yr) from direct observation of untreated and treated female horses (mares), 2004–2008, were 60.1% (n = 153 mare‐yr) versus 6.6% (n = 91 mare‐yr) at Little Book Cliffs, and 62.8% (n = 129 mare‐yr) versus 17.7% (n = 79 mare‐yr) at Pryor Mountain, respectively. At McCullough Peaks, mean annual foaling rates from 2006 to 2008 were 75.0% (n = 48 mare‐yr) for untreated mares and 31.7% (n = 101 mare‐yr) for treated mares. Controlling for age of mares and pretreatment differences in fertility, PZP reduced foaling rates in all 3 herds. The pellets used at McCullough Peaks (produced by cold evaporation) were less effective than pellets used in a previous trial and produced by heat extrusion. Immunocontraception with PZP may be a useful tool in reducing fertility rates in some western United States feral horse herds, but population growth reduction will depend on timely access to mares for inoculation and the proportion of mares that can be successfully treated. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Rapid assessment of rice seed availability for wildlife in harvested fields
Authors: Halstead Brian J. , Miller Michael R. , Casazza Michael L. , Coates Peter S. , Farinha Melissa A. , Gustafson K. Benjamin , Yee Julie L. , Fleskes Joseph P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRice seed remaining in commercial fields after harvest (waste rice) is a critical food resource for wintering waterfowl in rice‐growing regions of North America. Accurate and precise estimates of the seed mass density of waste rice are essential for planning waterfowl wintering habitat extents and management. In the Sacramento Valley of California, USA, the existing method for obtaining estimates of availability of waste rice in harvested fields produces relatively precise estimates, but the labor‐, time‐, and machinery‐intensive process is not practical for routine assessments needed to examine long‐term trends in waste rice availability. We tested several experimental methods designed to rapidly derive estimates that would not be burdened with disadvantages of the existing method. We first conducted a simulation study of the efficiency of each method and then conducted field tests. For each approach, methods did not vary in root mean squared error, although some methods did exhibit bias for both simulations and field tests. Methods also varied substantially in the time to conduct each sample and in the number of samples required to detect a standard trend. Overall, modified line‐intercept methods performed well for estimating the density of rice seeds. Waste rice in the straw, although not measured directly, can be accounted for by a positive relationship with density of rice on the ground. Rapid assessment of food availability is a useful tool to help waterfowl managers establish and implement wetland restoration and agricultural habitat‐enhancement goals for wintering waterfowl. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Using thermosensitive radiotelemetry to document rest and activity in a semifossorial rodent
Authors: Lazerte Stefanie E. , Kramer Donald L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe present a protocol for using temperature records from external thermosensitive radiotransmitters recorded by data‐logging receivers to identify bouts of rest and activity in mammals that sleep in a curled‐up posture. We illustrate the protocol using eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) sampled in the Ruiter Valley Land Trust near Mansonville, Quebec, Canada. Temperatures recorded at intervals of 12–45 min, when chipmunks were in their burrows as well as above ground, displayed sequences of warmer, stable temperatures (assumed to be produced by curled‐up, resting individuals) alternating with sequences of cooler, more variable temperatures (assumed to be produced by active individuals). By sampling points from typical sequences of rest and activity and using regression tree analyses to optimize the distinction between resting and active temperatures, we were able to define bouts of rest and activity. Torpor bouts were also identified by a distinct pattern of decreasing temperatures. Because curled‐up rest did not occur outside the burrow, we were able to validate the assignment of bouts by independent determination of chipmunk locations using handheld telemetry. The proportion of observations of chipmunks outside the burrow correctly classified as active and the proportion of chipmunks classified as resting that were correctly located in their burrows were both high (approx. 96%). For the numerous mammalian species that curl up to rest, continuously recorded thermosensitive telemetry has the potential to provide more precise and reliable data on rest and activity over longer periods, including the night and time in burrows or dens, and with less effort per individual than most alternative techniques. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Protein engineering towards natural product synthesis and diversification
Authors: Zabala Angelica O , Cacho Ralph A , Tang Yi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A dazzling array of enzymes is used by nature in making structurally complex natural products. These enzymes constitute a molecular toolbox that may be used in the construction and fine-tuning of pharmaceutically active molecules. Aided by technological advancements in protein engineering, it is now possible to tailor the activities and specificities of these enzymes as biocatalysts in the production of both natural products and their unnatural derivatives. These efforts are crucial in drug discovery and development, where there is a continuous quest for more potent agents. Both rational and random evolution techniques have been utilized in engineering these enzymes. This review will highlight some examples from several large families of natural products.
An improved LC‐MS/MS method for the detection of classic and low excretor glutaric acidemia type 1
Authors: Moore Tereza , Le Anthony , Cowan Tina M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGlutaric acidemia type I (GA1) is associated with elevated glutarylcarnitine (C5DC), typically measured as its butylester by acylcarnitine profile analysis using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and the precursor‐product ion pair of m/z 388‐85. This method neither distinguishes between C5DC and its isomer 3‐hydroxydecanoylcarnitine (C10‐OH) nor reliably detects the low‐excretor variant of GA1, leading to both false‐positive and false‐negative results when testing for GA1. To overcome these limitations, we developed an LC‐MS/MS method that discriminates C5DC from C10‐OH by the use of precursor‐product ion pairs specific for butylated C5DC (m/z 388‐115) and underivatized C10‐OH (m/z 332‐85). The C5DC method was validated over the linearity range of 0.025–20 μM with a lower limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.025 μM. Excellent precision and accuracy were also observed. We tested plasma samples from 10 patients with confirmed GA1 (including 3 with the low‐excretor variant), 21 patients with mild elevations of C5DC or C10‐OH by routine acylcarnitine analysis for which GA1 ultimately was excluded, and 29 normal controls. By using the m/z 388‐115 ion pair, all cases of GA1, including the low‐excretor variant, were reliably distinguished from normal controls. By using the m/z 388‐85 pair, patients with ambiguous elevations of C5DC or C10‐OH demonstrated clearly elevated levels of C10‐OH (m/z 332‐85) but normal C5DC (m/z 388‐115), confirming that the apparent elevation of C5DC is due to interference by C10‐OH. Our method results in excellent detection of GA1, including the low‐excretor variant, and also provides a means to discriminate C5DC and C10‐OH in follow‐up testing and routine acylcarnitine studies.
How the World Survived the Population Bomb: Lessons From 50 Years of Extraordinary Demographic History
Authors: Lam David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe world population will reach 7 billion in late 2011, a demographic milestone that is causing renewed attention to the challenges caused by population growth. This article looks at the last 50 years of demographic change, one of the most extraordinary periods in demographic history. During this period, world population grew at rates that have never been seen before and will almost surely never be seen again. There were many concerns about the potential impact of rapid population growth in the 1960s, including mass starvation in countries such as India, depletion of nonrenewable resources, and increased poverty in low-income countries. The actual experience was very different. World food production increased faster than world population in every decade since the 1960s, resource prices fell during most of the period, and poverty declined significantly in much of the developing world. The article considers the economic and demographic explanations for the surprising successes of this important period in demographic history. It also looks at regions that have been less successful, especially Africa, and at the lessons for dealing with the important challenges that still remain.
Berufliche Teilhabe durch multimodale medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation
Authors: Bethge Matthias , Herbold Désirée , Trowitzsch Lutz , Jacobi Claus 
Published: October 2011

Einleitung
Seit den 90er Jahren haben in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation Angebote mit einem stärkeren Arbeits- und Berufsbezug an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der Beitrag stellt eines dieser Programme vor, fasst die vorliegende Evidenz zusammen und skizziert die Erfolgsfaktoren für eine wirksame Umsetzung medizinisch-beruflich orientierter Rehabilitation.
Eating ‘Modernity’: Changing dietary practices in colonial Bengal
Authors: RAY UTSA 
Published: October 2011

AbstractColonial transformation of the relations of production contextualized the cultural articulation of a new set of values, prejudices, and tastes for the Bengali Hindu middle class. These cultural values, together with the political and economic conditions of colonialism, formed the habitus of this class. This paper tries to understand this self-fashioning by the middle class through their construction of a ‘Bengali’ cuisine. A distinct enthusiasm for new gastronomic possibilities defined this cuisine, and yet, at the same time, it possessed important elements of continuity from pre-colonial times, evidenced especially in the reinstitution of caste-based norms of gastronomy. The resultant cuisine was cosmopolitan yet still Bengali.
The temptation of suicide: striatal gray matter, discounting of delayed rewards, and suicide attempts in late-life depression
Authors: Dombrovski A. Y. , Siegle G. J. , Szanto K. , Clark L. , Reynolds C. F. , Aizenstein H. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundConverging evidence implicates basal ganglia alterations in impulsivity and suicidal behavior. For example, D2/D3agonists and subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease (PD) trigger impulse control disorders and possibly suicidal behavior. Furthermore, suicidal behavior has been associated with structural basal ganglia abnormalities. Finally, low-lethality, unplanned suicide attempts are associated with increased discounting of delayed rewards, a behavior dependent upon the striatum. Thus, we tested whether, in late-life depression, changes in the basal ganglia were associated with suicide attempts and with increased delay discounting.MethodFifty-two persons aged ⩾60 years underwent extensive clinical and cognitive characterization: 33 with major depression [13 suicide attempters (SA), 20 non-suicidal depressed elderly] and 19 non-depressed controls. Participants had high-resolution T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient–echo (MPRAGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Basal ganglia gray matter voxel counts were estimated using atlas-based segmentation, with a highly deformable automated algorithm. Discounting of delayed rewards was assessed using the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) and delay aversion with the Cambridge Gamble Task (CGT).ResultsSA had lower putamen but not caudate or pallidum gray matter voxel counts, compared to the control groups. This difference persisted after accounting for substance use disorders and possible brain injury from suicide attempts. SA with lower putamen gray matter voxel counts displayed higher delay discounting but not delay aversion. Secondary analyses revealed that SA had lower voxel counts in associative and ventral but not sensorimotor striatum.ConclusionsOur findings, although limited by small sample size and the case–control design, suggest that striatal lesions could contribute to suicidal behavior by increasing impulsivity.
Filial responsibility: does it matter for care-giving behaviours?
Authors: CHAPPELL NEENA L. , FUNK LAURA 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between attitudes of filial responsibility and five different types of care-giving behaviours to parents among three cultural groups. It does so within an assessment of the relative importance of cultural versus structural factors for care-giving behaviours. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 100 Caucasian-Canadians, 90 Chinese-Canadians and 125 Hong Kong-Chinese. Multiple regression analyses assessed the association of cultural and structural factors with behaviours among the total sample and each of the three cultural groups. Limited support was found for an association between care-giving attitudes and care-giving behaviours. Attitudes are related to emotional support only among the two Chinese groups as well as to financial support among Chinese-Canadian respondents and to companionship among Hong Kong-Chinese respondents. Attitudes are not the strongest predictors and are unrelated to assistance with basic and instrumental activities of daily living. However, cultural groupper seis a strong predictor of care-giving behaviours as are: parental ill health, living arrangements, and relationship quality. This study suggests gerontological assumptions about the role of societal norms and personal attitudes in parental care-giving should be questioned. It also suggests the need for further inquiry into unpacking those aspects of ‘cultural group’ that are related to behavioural differences, and the importance of examining multiple types of care-giving behaviours and of distinguishing task-oriented helping behaviour from other types of assistance.
Deciding to move into extra care housing: residents’ views
Authors: BÄUMKER THERESIA , CALLAGHAN LISA , DARTON ROBIN , HOLDER JACQUETTA , NETTEN ANN , TOWERS ANN-MARIE 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTExtra care housing aims to meet the housing, care and support needs of older people, while helping them to maintain their independence in their own private accommodation. In 2003, the Department of Health announced capital funding to support the development of extra care housing, and made the receipt of funding conditional on participating in an evaluative study. Drawing on information collected directly from residents in 19 schemes, this paper presents findings on the factors motivating older people to move to extra care housing, their expectations of living in this new environment, and whether these differ for residents moving to the smaller schemes or larger retirement villages. In total, 949 people responded, 456 who had moved into the smaller schemes and 493 into the villages. Of the residents who moved into the villages most (75%) had not received a care assessment prior to moving in, and had no identified care need. There was evidence that residents with care needs were influenced as much by some of the attractions of their new living environment as those without care needs who moved to the retirement villages. The most important attractions of extra care housing for the vast majority of residents were: tenancy rights, flexible onsite care and support, security offered by the scheme and accessible living arrangements. The results suggest that, overall, residents with care needs seem to move proactively when independent living was proving difficult rather than when staying put is no longer an option. A resident's level of dependency did not necessarily influence the importance attached to various push and/or pull factors. This is a more positive portrayal of residents’ reasons for moving to smaller schemes than in previous UK literature, although moves did also relate to residents’ increasing health and mobility problems. In comparison, type of tenure and availability of social/leisure facilities were more often identified as important by those without care needs in the villages. Therefore, as in other literature, the moves of village residents without care needs seemed to be planned ones mostly towards facilities and in anticipation of the need for care services in the future.
The GRIPP checklist: Strengthening the quality of patient and public involvement reporting in research
Authors: Staniszewska Sophie , Brett Jo , Mockford Carole , Barber Rosemary 
Published: October 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop the GRIPP (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and Public) checklist to enhance the quality of PPI reporting.Methods: Thematic analysis was used to synthesize key issues relating to patient and public involvement (PPI) identified in the PIRICOM and PAPIRIS systematic reviews. These issues informed the development of the GRIPP checklist.Results: The key issues identified included limited conceptualization of PPI, poor quality of methods reporting, unclear content validity of studies, poor reporting of context and process, enormous variability in the way impact is reported, little formal evaluation of the quality of involvement, limited focus on negative impacts, and little robust measurement of impact. The GRIPP checklist addresses these key issues.Conclusion: The reporting of patient and public involvement in health research needs significant enhancement. The GRIPP checklist represents the first international attempt to enhance the quality of PPI reporting. Better reporting will strengthen the PPI evidence-base and so enable more effective evaluation of what PPI works, for whom, in what circumstances and why.
First data on age and sexual maturity of the Tristan klipfish, Bovichtus diacanthus (Bovichtidae) from Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic
Authors: La Mesa Mario , Eastman Joseph T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Tristan klipfish, Bovichtus diacanthus, an endemic species at Tristan da Cunha Island was successfully aged using whole sagittal otoliths. The annulation pattern was clear, resulting in an alternating combination of opaque and translucent zones that form an annulus. Although sampling limitations did not allow direct validation of annual ring deposition, most otoliths showed a translucent edge, perhaps suggesting that the deposition of translucent zones is a synchronous process which takes place in winter coincident with the spawning season. The reliability of ageing methodology was supported by the good agreement between readings. The maximum age was estimated to be five years in females and four years in males. In order to increase the small number of direct readings, the length at age was back-calculated for each fish by fitting growth curves. The resulting growth of B.diacanthus was described by the von Bertalanffy growth model, as summarized by the following parameters: L∞ = 207.1 mm TL, k = 0.49 per year, and t0 = 0.04 years. The size at which 50% of the population spawns for the first time was c. 147 mm, corresponding to 2.5 years of age.