bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Yeast Nuclear Pore Complex and Transport Through It
Authors: Aitchison John D , Rout Michael P 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm is a key regulatory event in the expression of a cell’s genome. This exchange requires a dedicated transport system: (1) nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), embedded in the nuclear envelope and composed of proteins termed nucleoporins (or “Nups”), and (2) nuclear transport factors that recognize the cargoes to be transported and ferry them across the NPCs. This transport is regulated at multiple levels, and the NPC itself also plays a key regulatory role in gene expression by influencing nuclear architecture and acting as a point of control for various nuclear processes. Here we summarize how the yeast Saccharomyces has been used extensively as a model system to understand the fundamental and highly conserved features of this transport system, revealing the structure and function of the NPC; the NPC’s role in the regulation of gene expression; and the interactions of transport factors with their cargoes, regulatory factors, and specific nucleoporins.
Regulation of Amino Acid, Nucleotide, and Phosphate Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ljungdahl Per O , Daignan-Fornier Bertrand 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Ever since the beginning of biochemical analysis, yeast has been a pioneering model for studying the regulation of eukaryotic metabolism. During the last three decades, the combination of powerful yeast genetics and genome-wide approaches has led to a more integrated view of metabolic regulation. Multiple layers of regulation, from suprapathway control to individual gene responses, have been discovered. Constitutive and dedicated systems that are critical in sensing of the intra- and extracellular environment have been identified, and there is a growing awareness of their involvement in the highly regulated intracellular compartmentalization of proteins and metabolites. This review focuses on recent developments in the field of amino acid, nucleotide, and phosphate metabolism and provides illustrative examples of how yeast cells combine a variety of mechanisms to achieve coordinated regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Importantly, common schemes have emerged, which reveal mechanisms conserved among various pathways, such as those involved in metabolite sensing and transcriptional regulation by noncoding RNAs or by metabolic intermediates. Thanks to the remarkable sophistication offered by the yeast experimental system, a picture of the intimate connections between the metabolomic and the transcriptome is becoming clear.
Enhanced electrochemical stability of PtRuAu/C catalyst synthesized by radiolytic process
Authors: Kageyama Satoru , Murakami Akio , Ichikawa Satoshi , Seino Satoshi , Nakagawa Takashi , Daimon Hideo , Ohkubo Yuji , Kugai Junichiro , Yamamoto Takao A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A Pharmacodynamic Study of the P-glycoprotein Antagonist CBT-1® in Combination With Paclitaxel in Solid Tumors
Authors: Kelly Ronan J. , Robey Robert W. , Chen Clara C. , Draper Deborah , Luchenko Victoria , Barnett Daryl , Oldham Robert K. , Caluag Zinnah , Frye A. Robin , Steinberg Seth M. , Fojo Tito , Bates Susan E. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background.
This pharmacodynamic trial evaluated the effect of CBT-1® on efflux by the ATP binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp/MDR1/ABCB1) in normal human cells and tissues. CBT-1® is an orally administered bisbenzylisoquinoline Pgp inhibitor being evaluated clinically. Laboratory studies showed potent and durable inhibition of Pgp, and in phase I studies CBT-1® did not alter the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel or doxorubicin.

Methods.
CBT-1® was dosed at 500 mg/m2 for 7 days; a 3-hour infusion of paclitaxel at 135 mg/m2 was administered on day 6. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained prior to CBT-1® administration and on day 6 prior to the paclitaxel infusion. 99mTc-sestamibi imaging was performed on the same schedule. The area under the concentration–time curve from 0–3 hours (AUC0-3) was determined for 99mTc-sestamibi.

Results.
Twelve patients were planned and enrolled. Toxicities were minimal and related to paclitaxel (grade 3 or 4 neutropenia in 18% of cycles). Rhodamine efflux from CD56+ PBMCs was a statistically significant 51%–100% lower (p &lt; .0001) with CBT-1®. Among 10 patients who completed imaging, the 99mTc-sestamibi AUC0-3 for liver (normalized to the AUC0-3 of the heart) increased from 34.7% to 100.8% (median, 71.9%; p &lt; .0001) after CBT-1® administration. Lung uptake was not changed.

Conclusion.
CBT-1® is able to inhibit Pgp-mediated efflux from PBMCs and normal liver to a degree observed with Pgp inhibitors studied in earlier clinical trials. Combined with its ease of administration and lack of toxicity, the data showing inhibition of normal tissue Pgp support further studies with CBT-1® to evaluate its ability to modulate drug uptake in tumor tissue.
Some Conceptual Tensions in Financial Reporting
Authors: Biondi Yuri , Glover Jonathan , Jamal Karim , Ohlson James A. , Penman Stephen H. , Sunder Shyam , Tsujiyama Eiko 
Published: March 2012

SYNOPSIS
We examine four key conceptual tensions that are at the heart of many financial reporting dilemmas: stocks versus flows, ex ante versus ex post, conventions versus economic substance, and top-down design versus bottom-up evolution as sources of accounting practice. Associated with each of these conceptual dimensions is an accounting duality; in some cases, one side (e.g., stocks) is easier to measure in a reliable manner, while the other side (e.g., flows) is easier to measure in other instances. We suggest that financial reporting would benefit from a willingness to pay attention to, and find compromise between, both sides of these tensions; forcing a choice of one over the other does not serve to improve financial reporting.
JEL Classification: M40.
Load Response of the Tarsal Bones in Patients with Flatfoot Deformity: In Vivo 3D Study
Authors: Kido Masamitsu , Ikoma Kazuya , Imai Kan , Maki Masahiro , Takatori Ryota , Tokunaga Daisaku , Inoue Nozomu , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: March 2012

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone rotation of each joint in the hindfoot and compare the load response in healthy feet with that in flatfeet by analyzing the reconstructive three-dimensional (3D) CT image data during weightbearing. Methods: CT scans of 21 healthy feet and 21 feet with flatfoot deformity were taken in non-load condition followed by full-body weightbearing load condition. The images of the hindfoot bones were reconstructed into 3D models. The volume merge method in three planes was used to calculate the position of the talus relative to the tibia in the tibiotalar joint, the navicular relative to the talus in talonavicular joint, and the calcaneus relative to the talus in the talocalcaneal joint. Results: The talar position difference to the load response relative to the tibia in the tibiotalar joint in a flatfoot was 1.7 degrees more plantarflexed in comparison to that in a healthy foot ( p = 0.031). The navicular position difference to the load response relative to the talus in the talonavicular joint was 2.3 degrees more everted ( p = 0.0034). The calcaneal position difference to the load response relative to the talus in the talocalcaneal joint was 1.1 degrees more dorsiflexed ( p = 0.0060) and 1.7 degrees more everted ( p = 0.0018). Conclusion: Referring to previous cadaver study, regarding not only the cadaveric foot, but also the live foot, joint instability occurred in the hindfoot with load in patients with flatfoot. Clinical Relevance: The method used in this study might be applied to clinical analysis of foot diseases such as the staging of flatfoot and to biomechanical analysis to evaluate the effects of foot surgery in the future. Level of Evidence: III
Classification and Treatment of Supramalleolar Deformities
Authors: Knupp Markus , Stufkens Sjoerd A.S. , Bolliger Lilianna , Barg Alexej , Hintermann Beat 
Published: March 2012

Background: Supramalleolar osteotomies are increasingly popular for addressing asymmetric arthritis of the ankle joint. Still, recommendations for the indication and the use of additional procedures remain arbitrary. We preoperatively grouped different types of asymmetric arthritis into several classes and assessed the usefulness of an algorithm based on these classifications for determining the choice of supramalleolar operative procedure and the risk factors for treatment failure. Methods: Ninety-two patients (94 ankles) were followed prospectively and assessed clinically and radiographically 43 months after a supramalleolar osteotomy for asymmetric arthritis of the ankle joint. Results: Significant improvement of the clinical scores was found. Postoperative reduction of radiological signs of arthritis was observed in mid-stage arthritis. Age and gender did not affect the outcome. Ten ankles failed to respond to the treatment and were converted to total ankle replacements or fused. Conclusions: Supramalleolar osteotomies can be effective for the treatment of early and midstage asymmetric arthritis of the ankle joint. However, certain subgroups have a tendency towards a worse outcome and may require additional surgery. Therefore preoperative distinction of different subgroups is helpful for determination of additional procedures. Level of Evidence: II, Prospective Comparative Study
Complications of Syndesmotic Screw Removal
Authors: Schepers Tim , Van Lieshout Esther M.M. , de Vries Mark R. , Van der Elst Maarten 
Published: March 2012

Background: Currently, the metallic syndesmotic screw is the gold standard in the treatment of syndesmotic disruption. Whether or not this screw needs to be removed remains debatable. The aim of the current study was to determine the complications which occur following routine removal of the syndesmotic screw following operative treatment of unstable ankle fractures. Methods: This was a retrospective study with consecutive cases in a Level-2 Trauma center. All patients with routine removal of a syndesmotic screw, following the treatment of an unstable ankle fracture, between January 1, 2004 and November 30, 2010 were included. Complications recorded were: 1) minor or major wound infection following removal of the syndesmotic screw, 2) recurrent syndesmotic diastasis, and 3) unnecessary removal of a broken screw, not recognized during preoperative planning prior to surgery. Results: A total of 76 patients were included. A wound infection occurred in 9.2% (N=7) of which 2.6% (N=2) were deep infections requiring reoperation. Recurrent syndesmotic diastasis was found in 6.6% (N=5) of patients, and in 6.6% (N=5) screws were broken at the time of implant removal. In the group with recurrent diastasis the screws were removed significantly earlier compared with the group without recurrent diastasis (Mann- Whitney U-test; p= 0.011) and the group with screw breakage had their screws significantly longer in place compared with the group without breakage ( p = 0.038). Conclusion: A total of 22.4% complications occurred upon routine removal of the syndesmotic screw. Removal might therefore be considered only in selected cases with complaints, after a minimum of eight to twelve weeks and using antibiotic prophylaxis during removal. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Study
Boyd Amputation in Adults
Authors: Tosun Bilgehan , Buluc Levent , Gok Umit , Unal Cigdem 
Published: March 2012

Background: Foot ulcerations resulting in amputation are one of the most devastating consequences of diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease. In foot amputations, Boyd amputation has been even less accepted than Syme amputation due to its dependence on calcaneotibial osseous union in adults. Methods: Fifteen Boyd amputations were performed for 14 adults. The indications for amputation were diabetic ulceration of the foot in eight patients, ischemic disease of the lower extremity in four and salvage of the deformed foot due to peripheral neuropathy in one patient. One patient with scleroderma had bilateral amputations due to digital ischemic necrosis. Results: Complete wound healing was documented in seven feet of six patients. Further revisions to a more proximal amputation level were required in seven patients. Conclusion: Despite the high failure rate, we believe Boyd amputation is still a good option in some patients to try to preserve length. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Plantar and Calcaneocuboid Joint Pressure after Isolated Medial Column Fusion versus Medial and Lateral Column Fusion: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Nadaud Joshua P. , Parks Brent G. , Schon Lew C. 
Published: March 2012

Background: We compared forefoot and calcaneocuboid pressure in isolated medial column fusion (1-3 tarsometatarsal fusion) versus medial and lateral column fusion (1-5 tarsometatarsal fusion) in a neutral, inversion, and eversion loading model in stance gait phase. Methods: Twelve fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were cyclically loaded to 720 N at 0.5 Hz for 30 cycles. Plantar and calcaneocuboid joint pressures were measured in neutral, inversion, and eversion in the intact foot, with isolated medial column fusion, and with medial and lateral column fusion. Results: Lateral pressure was higher in the medial and lateral column fusion group than isolated medial column fusion and intact in neutral (55.8 ± 14.8 versus 46.2 ± 13.6 and 45.5 ± 14.8 kPa, respectively) and eversion (80.7 ± 18.4 versus 61.8 ± 13.7 and 60.2 ± 18.2 kPa, respectively) ( p ≤ 0.001). Calcaneocuboid pressure was higher in medial and lateral column fusion than isolated medial column fusion and intact in neutral (1436.7 ± 210.6 versus 1073.7 ± 282.5 and 1084.9 ± 337.6, respectively; p = 0.001) and inversion (1518.3 ± 270.5 versus 1310.5 ± 298.8 and 1237.1 ± 401.9, respectively; p = 0.02). Using combined position data, calcaneocuboid pressure was significantly higher in the medial and lateral column group than in both other groups. The isolated medial column fusion group did not differ significantly from the intact group in any measurement. Conclusion: Medial and lateral column fusion significantly increased lateral and calcaneocuboid pressures with loading compared with isolated medial column fusion and the intact state. No difference was observed between isolated medial column fusion and the intact state. Clinical Relevance: It may be advisable to avoid fusing the lateral column in tarsometatarsal arthrodesis if possible to avoid pressure increase in the forefoot and hindfoot.
Plantar versus Dorsomedial Locked Plating for Lapidus Arthrodesis: A Biomechanical Comparison
Authors: Klos Kajetan , Simons Paul , Hajduk Anne-Sophie , Hoffmeier Konrad Leopold , Gras Florian , Fröber Rosemarie , Hofmann Gunther O. , Mückley Thomas 
Published: March 2012

Background: Lapidus arthrodesis with a plate and a compression screw is an established procedure in hallux valgus surgery. The present study was performed to investigate the potential benefit of a compression screw combined with a plantarly applied angle-stable, anatomically precontoured plate or a dorsomedially applied angle-stable plate. Methods: In six pairs of human cadaver specimens, one specimen each was randomized to receive a dorsomedial H-shaped plate, while the other received a plantar plate. Bone mineral density was measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The specimens were loaded quasi-statically, followed by cyclic loading. Finally, they were loaded to failure. In the static tests, stiffness and range of motion (ROM) data were obtained. In the cyclic tests, the constructs' displacement was studied. In the load-to-failure test, stiffness and maximum load to failure were measured. Results: The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to BMD (p = 0.25). Any significant differences observed were in favor of the plantar constructs, which had greater initial stiffness (p = 0.028) and final stiffness (p = 0.042), a smaller ROM (p = 0.028), and a greater load to failure (p = 0.043). There was no significant difference regarding displacement (p = 0.14). Conclusion: In the static tests, the plantar angle-stable plate construct was superior to the dorsomedial angle-stable plate construct. Clinical Relevance: Plantar plating appears to offer biomechanical benefit. Clinical studies will be required to show whether this translates into earlier resumption of weightbearing and into lower rates of nonunion.
Syndesmotic Fixation in Supination-External Rotation Ankle Fractures: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Pakarinen Harri J. , Flinkkilä Tapio E. , Ohtonen Pasi P. , Hyvönen Pekka H. , Lakovaara Martti T. , Leppilahti Juhana I. , Ristiniemi Jukka Y. 
Published: March 2012

Background: This study was designed to assess whether transfixion of an unstable syndesmosis is necessary in supination-external rotation (Lauge-Hansen SE/Weber B)-type ankle fractures. Methods: A prospective study of 140 patients with unilateral Lauge-Hansen supination-external rotation type 4 ankle fractures was done. After bony fixation, the 7.5-Nm standardized external rotation (ER) stress test for both ankles was performed under fluoroscopy. A positive stress examination was defined as a difference of more than 2 mm side-to-side in the tibiotalar or tibiofibular clear spaces on mortise radiographs. If the stress test was positive, the patient was randomized to either syndesmotic transfixion with 3.5-mm tricortical screws or no syndesmotic fixation. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Olerud-Molander scoring system, RAND 36-Item Health Survey, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure pain and function after a minimum 1-year of followup. Results: Twenty four (17%) of 140 patients had positive standardized 7.5-Nm ER stress tests after malleolar fixation. The stress view was positive three times on tibiotalar clear space, seven on tibiofibular clear space, and 14 times on both tibiotalar and tibiofibular clear spaces. There was no significant difference between the two randomization groups with regards to Olerud-Molander functional score, VAS scale measuring pain and function, or RAND 36-Item Health Survey pain or physical function at 1 year. Conclusion: Relevant syndesmotic injuries are rare in supination-external rotation ankle fractures, and syndesmotic transfixion with a screw did not influence the functional outcome or pain after the 1-year followup compared with no fixation. Level of Evidence: II, Prospective Comparative Study
Combined Medial and Lateral Anatomic Ligament Reconstruction for Chronic Rotational Instability of the Ankle
Authors: Buchhorn Tomas , Sabeti-Aschraf Manuel , Dlaska Constantin E. , Wenzel Florian , Graf Alexandra , Ziai Pejman 
Published: March 2012

Background: This study aimed to extend knowledge on the arthroscopic evaluation of the unstable ankle joint and the outcome of ligament reconstruction on rotational instability. In contrast to previous studies, we investigated the combined repair of lateral and medial ligaments. Methods: Ninety-six patients underwent medial and lateral ligament reconstruction between 2006 and 2008, 81 of whom, with a mean age of 31.9 (range, 14 to 44) years, completed the 12-month followup and were therefore included in this study ( Table 1 ). Clinical, radiographic, and concomitant arthroscopic examination was performed prior to the ligament stabilization. Postoperative followup included clinical and radiographic evaluation after 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Arthroscopy showed a lesion of the anterior fibulotalar ligament (AFTL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and tibiocalcanear ligament (TCL) (Deep part of deltoid ligament complex) in 67 patients. An avulsion of the proximal insertion point of the ATTL was additionally found in 14 cases. Clinical results 3 months after surgery showed a significant increase in the AOFAS-Hindfoot Score as well as a significant decrease of the Visual Analogue-Scale for pain (VAS) ( p < 0.0001). This outcome persisted at the 12-month examination. Conclusion: Rotational instability of the ankle joint in most cases has an injury of the lateral ligaments and a component of the deltoid, the TCL, but rarely with a combined lesion of the TCL and the anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATTL) (Superficial part of deltoid ligament complex). The combined lateral and medial ligament reconstruction with an anchor technique had a good clinical outcome with high patient satisfaction with few complications. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Subtalar Joint Arthroereisis in the Management of Pediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Metcalfe Stuart A. , Bowling Frank L. , Reeves Neil D. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Pediatric flexible flatfoot is a common deformity for which a small, but significant number undergo corrective surgery. Arthroereisis is a technique for treating flexible flat- foot by means of inserting a prosthesis into the sinus tarsi. The procedure divides opinion in respect of both its effectiveness and safety. Methods: A database search up until 2010 was used to find articles regarding arthroereisis in pediatric patients. We summarized the findings of this study. Results: Seventy- six studies were identified. Eight of the nine radiographic parameters reported show significant improvement following arthroereisis reflecting both increased static arch height and joint congruency. Calcaneal inclination angle demonstrated the least change with only small increases following arthroereisis. Arthroereisis remains associated with a number of complications including sinus tarsi pain, device extrusion, and under-correction. Complication rates range between 4.8% and 18.6% with unplanned removal rates between 7.1% and 19.3% across all device types. Conclusion: Current evidence is limited to consecutive case series or ad hoc case reports. Limited evidence exists to suggest that devices may have a more complex mode of action than simple motion blocking or axis altering effects. The interplay between osseous alignment and dynamic stability within the foot may contribute to the effectiveness of this procedure. Although literature suggests patient satisfaction rates of between 79% to 100%, qualitative outcome data based on disease specific, validated outcome tools may improve current evidence and permit comparison of future study data. Level of Evidence: II, Metanalysis
Direct Plantar Approach to Henry's Knot for Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer
Authors: Amlang Michael , Rosenow Maria C. , Friedrich Adina , Zwipp Hans , Rammelt Stefan 
Published: March 2012

Background: Transfer of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon is an established method to replace a dysfunctional Achilles tendon. When using a single incision, the FHL tendon has to be transferred as a single stranded graft into the calcaneus and the distal FHL stump cannot be directly attached to the flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDL). Another concern with tendon retrieval is neurovascular damage. We report our results with a direct plantar approach for tendon harvest. Methods: A direct plantar approach to the master knot of Henry with reattachment to its distal stump while protecting the medial plantar nerve was used allowing a double stranded FHL-transfer in 25 cases of a severely dysfunctional Achilles tendon in 24 consecutive patients. Patients were evaluated prospectively and at an average followup of 73 (range, 20 to 121) months. Results: No wound healing problems and no lesion of the medial plantar nerve occurred. The subjective result was rated as excellent in 18 (72%), good in five (20%), and fair in one case (8%). The AOFAS hindfoot score averaged 95.4 (range, 61 to 100) points and the AOFAS hallux score averaged 97.6 (range, 87 to 100) points. No loss of plantarflexion force was observed in the big toe as compared to the contralateral side. Conclusion: The plantar approach to Henry's knot allowed the use of a double stranded FHL transplant. The distal stump was attached to the FDL tendon to preserve flexion at the great toe without damaging to the medial plantar nerve. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series