bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Biopsy in the Horse: 2. Evaluation of Histomorphometric Examination
Authors: Savage C. J. , Tidd L. C. , Melsen F. , Jefetott L. B. , ØStblom L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe histomorphometrical examination of a series of bone biopsies from the wing of ilium of foals and older horses is reported. Biopsies were obtained from 20 clinically normal horses, which had previously been infused with tetracycline intravenously twice at a 7 day interval at a dose rate of 10 to 15 mg kg−1. The horses were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 foals (mean age: 4± 1 months) which were biopsied at 3 different sites in the wing of ilium. Group 2 comprised 10 older horses (mean age: 91 ± 63 months) which were biopsied from only one site in the left ilium. A systematic evaluation of intra‐observer, intra‐core, intra‐bone and inter‐bone errors was made to investigate parameter variations that might affect interpretation of bone biopsies. The measurements carried out included cancellous bone volume (Cn‐BV/TV), osteoid surface (OS/BS), eroded surface (ES/BS), mean wall thickness (W. Th), mean osteoid thickness (O. Th), distance between labels (Ir. L. Th) and mineralising surface (MS/BS).The intra‐observer variance, the variance between sections, the variance between adjacent biopsies and that between right and left sides proved to be smaller than the inter‐individual variance. The estimate of errors associated with the histomorphometrical analysis of bone biopsies is important for correct interpretations of changes due to disease.
Selenium Content and Distribution in Bovine and Human Milk from Different Regions of Poland
Authors: Dębski B. , ŻArski T.P. , Milner J.A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHuman milk and bulk cow's milk samples from 3 different areas of central Poland were analized for their Se content. Cow's milk specimens were also analyzed for Se distribution and GSH‐Px activity. Mature human milk contained 34–68% more Se than bulk cow's milk obtained from analogous areas of central Poland. Comparison of literature values suggest, that human and cow's milk from vicinity of Warsaw and Piotrków Trubunalski were Se‐adequate but milk from Siedlce area was Se‐deficient. Glutathione peroxidase activity accounted for 25–31% of the total peroxidase activity of cow's milk. The majority of the Se was found in the whey fraction. It was suggested that the participation of the casein fraction in total milk selenium increased faster than milk Se content. Cow's milk obtained near Warsaw had a 2‐times higher concentration of Se than in milk from Siedlce but the content of this microelement in the casein fraction (pellet) was 3‐times higher.
Intravenous and Intraruminal Administration of Short Chain Fatty Acids Increase the Potential Difference Across the Sheep Rumen Epithelium
Authors: Holtenius K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of intraruminal loads of a propionate/butyrate mixture and of intravenous administration of butyrate on the potential difference across the rumen epithelium (PD) was studied in conscious sheep. The PD was elevated during the measurement period 5 to 15 minutes after intraruminal loading with a propionate/butyrate mixture.Intravenously injected butyrate caused a prompt transitory increase in PD. The results show that both intraruminal and intravenous administration of certain short chain fatty acids stimulated the PD indicating altered ion transport properties across the rumen epithelium.
Pharmacokinetics of the Gyrase Inhibitor Marbofloxacin: Influence of Pregnancy and Lactation in Sows
Authors: PETRACCA KATHARINA , RIOND J.‐L. , GRASER T. , WANNER M. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySix pregnant sows were treated in early pregnancy, late pregnancy and during lactation. Marbofloxacin was administered (2mg/kg body weight) intravenously and orally. The active drug concentration in the plasma was quantitated by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by use of statistical moments. In lactating animals, the concentrations in milk were also determined by HPLC. Mean elimination half‐life of the drug after oral administration was significantly shorter in lactating sows (5.74 h) than that of the early pregnancy group (10.09 h). Total body clearance was highest in the lactating sows (3.27 ml/minute · kg body weight). The volume of distribution was large in all physiological states studied indicating good tissue penetration. Bioavailability was about 80% in pregnant and lactating sows. Antimicrobial secretion in milk contributed greatly to marbofloxacin elimination. These results indicate an important influence of lactation on marbofloxacin pharmacokinetics in sows. Therefore, in such cases, marbofloxacin dose should be increased during lactation.
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloidosis in a Two Month Old Foal
Authors: SMALL A.C. , KELLY W.R. , SEAWRIGHT A.A. , MATTOCKS A.R. , JUKES R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA foal, small and jaundiced from birth, succumbed after two months to chronic hepatic damage which was characterised by fibrosis, biliary ductular hyperplasia and the presence of pleomorphic hepatocytes containing either a single large nucleus or multiple nuclei. The fixed liver contained sulfur‐bound pyrroles, which are derived from pyrrolizidine alkaloids. During pregnancy the pasture was heavily infested with the pyrrolizidine alkaloid‐containing plant, Senecio madagascariensis. The hepatic disease affecting the foal appears to have been initiated by consumption of the alkaloids by the mare during gestation, and to represent a rare case of congenital pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis.
Combining two Independent Indirect Methods as a New Possibility for Screening the Illegal Use of Growth Promotants
Authors: LOMMEN A. , GROOT M.J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this study the possibilities of combined indirect screening methods for the growth promotants clenbuterol and estradiol‐17ß benzoate and the combination of both these agents were investigated. Three groups of 5 male goat kids (two months of age) were treated for 4 weeks; clenbuterol per os, 10 μg/day/kg body weight via milkreplacer twice a day; 2 mg estradiol‐17ß benzoate weekly per i. m. injection; combined clenbuterol per os + estradiol‐17ß benzoate per injection. Five animals were not treated and served as controls.Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used as an initial tool to monitor the urine composition. The analysis of NMR spectra showed, that most treated animals had increased L‐lactate/creatine ratios (L/C‐ratio) in their urine, compared to control animals. For screening, L‐lactate/creatine ratios could be determined directly in urine ‐ in a simple, quick and inexpensive manner ‐ by using enzymatic methods and an autoanalyzer.Histologically clenbuterol induced degenerative changes in the urethral and glandular epithelium of the prostate. Changes consisted of vacuolization of the epithelium and necrosis with nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation. Estradiol‐17β benzoate induced metaplastic changes in the glandular tissue of the goat prostate. In combination with estradiol‐17β benzoate, characteristics of both agents could be observed. The histological methods and observed effects can be used directly for screening.The combination of independent histological and L/C‐ratio methods looks very promising with respect to screening of growth promotants. Since in both cases effects of growth promotants are detected, it may be expected that this approach is not limited to goats or clenbuterol and estradiol alone.
Metabolic Effect of Orotic Acid in Calves*
Authors: MOTYL T. , WINCENCIAK M. , BLACHOWSKI S. , KUKULSKA W. , GRZELKOWSKA K. , PODGURNIAK M. , KASTERKA M. , KRZEMINSKI J. , BARTNIKOWSKA E. , SKALSKA E. , KOBRYNCZUK F. , KUPCZYNSKA M. , KATKIEWICZ M. , HOLSKA W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEight calves (males, Black and White crossbred with Holstein‐Fresian) were fed milk and milk replacer without (control group) or with potassium orotate (3 mmol./l.) supplementation for 6 weeks after birth.Orotate depressed the biosynthesis of polyamines in mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract (rumen, omasum, abomasum, colon) by decreasing of ornithine decarboxylase activity with a simultaneous compensatory increase of S‐adenosyl‐methionine decarboxylase activity. A lower concentration of spermidine and spermine in the mucosa of the colon was also noted. The above changes were accompanied by increased urinary excretion of ornithine and arginine.Calf adaptation to a high OA intake was associated with an increased activity of the OA metabolizing enzyme complex (orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase) in the liver, while urinary OA losses diminished with age. Increased concentrations of uracil and uridine in the liver and higher urinary excretion of pseudouridine in OA‐fed calves was also observed.Stimulation of pyrimidine metabolism by OA depressed purine synthesis, which was reflected by a decrease of urate, hypoxanthine, and xanthine concentration in the liver. Interestingly OA enhanced urate excretion by the kidneys.OA strongly affected lipid metabolism in calves because total cholesterol, LDL‐, and HDL‐cholesterol, and triglycerides in blood plasma decreased while triglycerides accumulated in the liver of OA‐fed calves.Milk OA in concentrations characteristic of cows with hereditary orotic aciduria exerts an unfavourable effect on the metabolism of polyamines, purines, and lipids in calf tissues.
The Effect of Aging on Laboratory Values in Dogs
Authors: STRASSER A. , NIEDERMÜLLER H. , HOFECKER G. , LABER G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe main objective of this study was to examine age‐associated changes in laboratory values in dogs in order to establish standard values for dogs of a certain age. These standard values could serve to judge the health status of individual dogs and possibly estimate their remaining life expectancy. Thus, haematological and immunological parameters, plasma constituents, kidney characteristics and the capacity of homeostasis were determined in German shepherd dogs (0.5 – 13.5 years) and beagles (4 – 9 years). Significant changes were noted. We detected that the number of white blood cells declines with age. The change in a number of organ specific enzymes indicates organ involution and increased cell death. Increased plasma glucose levels and a decreased glucose tolerance point to a diminished sensitivity of tissue to concentrations change due to a decrease in organ production and changes in the immune system, which are also reflected in an impaired lymphocyte proliferation capacity. These factors lead to an increased blood sedimentation rate. Cortisol increases might reflect a reduced stress resistance. Age‐related decreases in aldosteron concentration and PAH‐clearance were also found.
Application to Cows and Horses of Spotchem, a Dry‐Chemistry Blood Analyzer for Use in Veterinary Clinics
Authors: Hoshi F. , Satho M. , Koyama S. , Nakadaka K. , Chiba M. , Ikeda N. , Hakamada R. , Higuchi S. , Kawamura S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe usefulness of a dry‐chemistry blood analyzer, Spotchem SP‐4410 (SP‐4410) in a veterinary clinic for analysis of bovine and equine blood chemistry was studied. We quantitated total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (T‐Bil), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (T‐Cho), glucose (Glu), calcium (Ca), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in bovine sera. Each sample was assayed with both the SP‐4410 and an automated blood analyzer which served as a wet‐chemistry reference system, and the data were analyzed with regression analysis. The correlation coefficient for AST was 0.997 being the highest for all the parameters, and all the correlation coefficients were 0.93 or higher. The coefficients of variation were lower than 5.0 except in the case of bovine T‐Bil where it was 5.756. The ranges of normal reference values measured by SP‐4410 were the same as those reported by other investigators in most cases, but those for GGT and CPK were slightly higher. The strongest interference was observed with hemoglobin. It seems that dry‐chemical‐analysis of blood serum using the SP‐4410 is useful for analysis of bovine and equine blood.
Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Equine Chondrocytes, Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
Authors: Katayama Y. , Oikawa M. , Kaneko M. , Yoshihara T. , Yoshikawa H. , Yoshikawa T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThree monoclonal antibodies capable of individually recognizing chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteocytes were prepared. EB‐1 reacted with a 55‐kDa antigen on the chondrocyte membrane, EB‐2 with a 110‐kDa antigen on the membrane of osteoblasts and/or partial osteocytes, and EB‐3 with a 130‐kDa antigen on the membrane of osteocytes. These monoclonal antibodies may be useful probes for studying the differentiation and maturation of osteogenic cells.
Muscle Fibre Type and Size, and Muscle Capillary Density in Young Double‐Muscled Blue Belgian Cattle
Authors: Stavaux D. , Art T. , Entee K. Mc , Reznick M. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBovine muscle biopsies were analysed for fiber type and capillary density by the acid ATP‐ase and amylase‐PAS methods respectively. Samples obtained from Belgian blue double muscled (DM) calves were compared for their fibre type, size and vascularization with samples from Friesian (F) calves. The animals were sampled both at 2 and 7 months of age. Changes in histochemical composition occurring with ageing, independently of the breed, and differences related to the muscle sampled by comparing biopsies obtained from the longissimus dorsi (LD) and gluteobiceps (GB) muscles in animals of both breed were also investigated. Independently of age and muscle, fibre type I percentage and area were significantly higher in F than in DM muscles. Type IIa area was significantly larger in F than in DM, while fibre type IIb percentage and area were higher in DM. The number of capillaries/mm2 was significantly higher in F than in DM. Fibre type IIa and IIb percentage as well as the diameter of the three fibre types was significantly higher in the oldest animals. Finally, independently of age and breed, fibre type I and IIb percentages were significantly higher in LD but lower in GB. The results mainly demonstrated that Belgian blue DM muscles present a higher proportion of IIb fibres and a lower capillary supply than F muscles.
Immunohistochemical Distribution of Keratin Proteins in Feline Tissues
Authors: Mulas J. Martin De Las , Monteros A. Espinosa De Los , Gomez‐Villamandos J. C. , Fernandez A. , Vos J. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe immunohistochemical distribution pattern of some keratin intermediate filament proteins has been analysed in a wide range of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded feline tissues using one polyclonal and two monoclonal antibodies raised against human keratins by means of the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex technique. Only the epithelial and mesothelial cells were stained by the three antibodies, but differences in their corresponding staining pattern were noticed. The staining reaction of the polyclonal antibody raised against human skin keratin was found in both stratified and complex epithelia, while that of the monoclonal antibody which recognizes human keratins 8 + 18 + 19 of the Moll catalogue (NCL‐5D3) was restricted to some simple epithelia. The staining reaction of the monoclonal antibody which reacts with human keratins 5 + 8 of the Moll catalogue (RCK‐102) covered the widest spectrum of feline epithelial tissues analysed, including stratified, complex and simple epithelia. These staining patterns of feline tissues are basically similar with respect to those of corresponding tissues in other mammalian species, although some differences were also noticed and some obvious epithelial tissues were not stained. This study confirms the broad interspecies cross‐reactivity of keratin proteins antibodies and demonstrates their capability to differentiate between various types of feline epithelia and some epithelial compartments.
Fine Structure of Bovine Blastocysts Developed Either in Serum‐Free Medium or in Conventional Co‐Culture With Oviduct Epithelial Cells
Authors: Shamsuddin M. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe ultrastructure of day 7 bovine blastocysts developed in vitro in either of two culture systems was compared with that of morphologically normal blastocytes collected non‐surgically from superovulated cows on day 7 (Day 0 = day of insemination). The in vitro‐embryos were obtained after culture of in vitro‐matured and ‐fertilized oocytes either in a serum‐free, cell‐free medium (SFM, i.e. TCM 199 supplemented with BSA (10 mg/ml), insulin (5 μg/ml), transferrin (5 μg/ml) and selenium (5ng/ml) or in a serum‐supplemented medium (TCM 199 and 10% (v/v) oestrous cow serum) together with bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC). Five of the 8 blastocysts developed in SFM fulfilled the criteria set for normal morphology of the in vivo‐developed blastocytes. In contrast, 6 out of 8 blastocysts developed in co‐culture with BOEC were classified as morphologically deviated, and only 2 reached the criteria for morphological normality. In vitro‐developed blastocysts with deviated morphology showed a higher degree of cytoplasmic vacuolation, short, less developed cell‐to‐cell contacts between trophoblast as well as between inner cell mass (icm)‐cells, less developed apical microvilli on the trophoblast and wide inter‐cellular spaces. Additionally, numerous cytoplasmic vesicles, phagosomes, lipid droplets and hooded mitochondria were commonly present, both in trophoblast and in icm‐cells. The results indicate that a high proportion of blastocysts developed in co‐culture with BOEC were morphologically deviated compared to those cultured in medium where serum and somatic cells were replaced by BSA, insulin, transferrin and selenium.
Effects of Growth Hormone on Growth Performance, Haematology, Metabolites and Hormones in Iron‐Deficient Veal Calves*
Authors: Ceppi A. , Blum J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEffects of subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 50 μg/kg body weight of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) or saline were studied for 11 weeks in 40 intact male veal calves supplied 50 mg or 10 mg of iron (Fe)/kg of milk replacer (MR). Feed intake, average daily gain and growth: feed ratio were reduced in Fe‐deficient calves, but not significantly influenced by rbGH. Plasma Fe and haemoglobin concentration, red‐cell number and packed cell volume were decreased in Fe‐deficient calves (P < 0.05) and rbGH further reduced red‐cell number in Fedeficient calves (P < 0.05). The age‐dependent increase of total Fe binding capacity was greater in Fe‐deficient calves and enhanced by rbGH (P < 0.05). Plasma urea concentrations increased, whereas glucose (G) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels decreased in Fe‐deficient calves. rbGH significantly increased G in calves fed MR containing 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and influenced urea concentrations (P < 0.05). Plasma insulin (I) and IGF‐I concentrations were lower in Fe‐deficient calves (P < 0.05). Plasma GH in the first hours after rbGH injections increased (P < 0.05) to higher levels in calves fed 10 than in those fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR, but incremental changes were comparable. In conclusion, low Fe intake caused haematologic, metabolic and endocrine changes. Plasma IGF‐I, I and T3 concentrations after rbGH administration and effects of rbGH on IGF‐I in Fe‐deficient calves were reduced, even though plasma GH levels were increased.
Immunocytochemical Study of Type IV Collagen and Laminin in Canine Mammary Tumours
Authors: Peña L. , Castaño M. , Sanchez M. A. , Rodriguez A. , Flores J. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWe performed an immunohistochemical study of the basement membrane (BM) proteins laminin and type IV collagen in 35 canine mammary tumours, histologically classified according to the World Health Organization's suggested classification. Laminin and type IV collagen were seen in extracellular locations but only laminin was present in epithelial and myoepithelial cells and chondrocytes. The BM was always continuous in adenomas and fibroadenomas. In the 20 malignant tumours studied, the basement membrane was continuous in one, discontinuous in five, and virtually absent in 14. When present, the BM of malignant tumours varied in width and distribution in the same area. The benign and malignant mixed tumours did not have BM separating epithelial and newly‐formed mesenchymal structures. In areas of abundant myoepithelial cells in complex and mixed tumours, both benign and malignant, there were groups of BM fragments which differed in length and thickness and occasionally formed tangles. We have called these 'membranous thickets'. Our results indicate that myoepithelial cells are the main source of the BM proteins laminin and type IV collagen in canine mammary tumours.
Der Einfluß von Samenaufbereitung und Kulturmedium auf den IVF‐Erfolg beim Rind
Authors: Rosenkranz Ch. , Holzmann A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of semen preparation and culture medium on the success of IVF in cattleThe effect of two semen‐preparation methods and the presence and absence of capacitation‐inducing supplements in the fertilization medium on IVF‐results were examined in a 2 times 2 factorial design. In vitro matured oocytes were fertilized either with transmigrated (TM) or with swim‐up (SU) prepared native semen. In the first group, the fertilization medium contained 0.8 μg/ml heparin, 1.2 μg/ml hypotaurine and 0.2 μg/ml epinephrine. However, in the second group, no capacitation‐inducing or motility‐enhancing substances were used. After SU‐treatment, the supplements were necessary to obtain sufficient fertilization results. In the second group (non‐supplemented medium), the percentages of penetrated and fertilized oocytes were decreased significantly (P < 0.001). By contrast, transmigrated semen required no additional supplementation of the fertilization medium. The penetration and fertilization rates of this semen‐preparation method were equal in both groups.ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde in Hinblick auf die bovine IVF überprüft, ob verschiedene Samenaufbereitungsverfahren unterschiedliche Medienzusammensetzungen erforden. In vitro maturierte Oozyten wurden entweder mit transmigriertem (TM) oder mit Swim‐up (SU) behandeltem Nativsamen fertilisiert. Bei der Hälfte der Versuchsansätze enthielt das Befruchtungsmedium 0,8 μg/ml Heparin, l,2 μg/ml Hypotaurin und 0,2 μg/ml Adrenalin, während bei der anderen Hälfte keine kapazitationsinduzierenden und motilitätssteigernden Substanzen Verwendung fanden. Bei SU‐Behandlung der Samenproben waren diese Supplemente nötig, um einen ausreichenden Befruchtungserfolg zu erzielen. Bei Verwendung von nicht supplementiertem Medium fiel der Prozensatz an penetrierten und fertilisierten Eizellen signifikant (P < 0,001) ab. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte sich, daß transmigrierter Samen keine zusätzliche Supplementierung des Befruchtungsmediums erfordert. Die Penetrations‐ und Fertilisationsraten waren bei diesem Samenpräparationsverfahren in beiden Gruppen ebenbürtig.
Determination of Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity and Urea Content in Milk by Dry Chemistry
Authors: Lipperheide C. , Andersson R. , Petersen B. , Sommer H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryComparison of the new technique of dry chemistry (EKTACHEM 700‐XR, Eastman Kodak Co., USA) with conventional wet chemistry (HITACHI 717, Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) for quantitations of lactate dehydrogenase activity and urea content in bovine milk resulted in correlation coefficients of more than 0.9 even when measuring fresh raw milk by dry chemistry.