bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storm‐Driven pCO2 Feedback Weakens the Response of Air‐Sea CO2 Fluxes in the Sub‐Antarctic Southern Ocean
Authors: Toolsee Tesha , Nicholson Sarah‐Anne , Monteiro Pedro M. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe sub‐seasonal CO2 flux (FCO2) variability across the Southern Ocean is poorly understood due to sparse observations at the required temporal and spatial scales. Twinned surface and profiling gliders experiments were used to investigate how storms influence FCO2 through the air‐sea gradient in partial pressure of CO2 (ΔpCO2) in the sub‐Antarctic zone. Winter‐spring storms caused ΔpCO2 to weaken (by 22–37 μatm) due to mixing/entrainment and weaker stratification. This weakening in ΔpCO2 was in phase with the increase in wind stress resulting in a reduction of the storm‐driven CO2 uptake by 6%–27%. During summer, stronger stratification explained the weaker sensitivity of ΔpCO2 to storms, instead temperature changes dominated the ΔpCO2 variability. These results highlight the importance of observing synoptic‐scale variability in ΔpCO2, the absence of which may propagate significant biases to the mean annual FCO2 estimates from large‐scale observing programmes and reconstructions.
Ventilation of the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone by Persian Gulf Water
Authors: Font Estel , Swart Sebastiaan , Bruss Gerd , Sheehan Peter M. F. , Heywood Karen J. , Queste Bastien Y. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDense overflows from marginal seas are critical pathways of oxygen supply to the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), yet these remain inadequately understood. Climate models struggle to accurately reproduce the observed extent and intensity of the Arabian Sea OMZ due to their limited ability to capture processes smaller than their grid scale, such as dense overflows. Multi‐month repeated sections by underwater gliders off the coast of Oman resolve the contribution of dense Persian Gulf Water (PGW) outflow to oxygen supply within the Arabian Sea OMZ. We characterize PGW properties, seasonality, transport and mixing mechanisms to explain local processes influencing water mass transformation and oxygen fluxes into the OMZ. Atmospheric forcing at the source region and eddy mesoscale activity in the Gulf of Oman control spatiotemporal variability of PGW as it flows along‐shelf off the northern Omani coast. Subseasonally, it is modulated by stirring and shear‐driven mixing driven by eddy‐topography interactions. The oxygen transport from PGW to the OMZ is estimated to be 1.3 Tmol yr−1 over the observational period, with dramatic inter‐ and intra‐annual variability (±1.6 Tmol yr−1). We show that this oxygen is supplied to the interior of the OMZ through the combined action of double‐diffusive and shear‐driven mixing. Intermittent shear‐driven mixing enhances double‐diffusive processes, with mechanical shear conditions (Ri < 0.25) prevailing 14% of the time at the oxycline. These findings enhance our understanding of fine‐scale processes influencing oxygen dynamics within the OMZ that can provide insights for improved modeling and prediction efforts.
Emergent Constraints on Future Projections of Tibetan Plateau Warming in Winter
Authors: Hu Shuzhen , Wang Lu , Chen Xiaolong , Zhou Tianjun , Hsu Pang‐Chi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an area highly sensitive to climate change and is warming faster than the global average. The TP temperature change has a significant impact on the local ecological environment and the downstream weather and climate. The TP will undoubtedly warm in the future, but the warming extent is uncertain. Using the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 6 multi‐model ensemble, we found that models simulating smaller TP temperature increases in recent decades tend to project weaker warming in the future. This relationship is driven by the simulation of snowmelt response to greenhouse gas increases, as snow‐related albedo feedback dominates the TP temperature changes in both historical and future periods. Based on a two‐step emergent constraint approach, the rectified TP warming magnitude increases by about 0.3°C compared to the unconstrained result under both the medium and high emission scenarios, and the inter‐model uncertainty is reduced by about 60%.
EZH2-dependent epigenetic reprogramming in the central nucleus of amygdala regulates adult anxiety in both sexes after adolescent alcohol exposure
Authors: Bohnsack John Peyton , Zhang Huaibo , Pandey Subhash C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlcohol use and anxiety disorders occur in both males and females, but despite sharing similar presentation and classical symptoms, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is lower in females. While anxiety is a symptom and comorbidity shared by both sexes, the common underlying mechanism that leads to AUD and the subsequent development of anxiety is still understudied. Using a rodent model of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure in both sexes, we investigated the epigenetic mechanism mediated by enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, in regulating both the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) and an anxiety-like phenotype in adulthood. Here, we report that EZH2 protein levels were significantly higher in PKC-δ positive GABAergic neurons in the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) of adult male and female rats after AIE. Reducing protein and mRNA levels of EZH2 using siRNA infusion in the CeA prevented AIE-induced anxiety-like behavior, increased H3K27me3, decreased H3K27ac at the Arc synaptic activity response element (SARE) site, and restored deficits in Arc mRNA and protein expression in both male and female adult rats. Our data indicate that an EZH2-mediated epigenetic mechanism in the CeA plays an important role in regulating anxiety-like behavior and Arc expression after AIE in both male and female rats in adulthood. This study suggests that EZH2 may serve as a tractable drug target for the treatment of adult psychopathology after adolescent alcohol exposure.
ACAT2 suppresses the ubiquitination of YAP1 to enhance the proliferation and metastasis ability of gastric cancer via the upregulation of SETD7
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Cai Fenglin , Guo Jiamei , Liu Siya , Ma Gang , Cai Mingzhi , Zhang Rupeng , Deng Jingyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe contributions of aberrantly expressed metabolic enzymes to gastric cancer (GC) initiation and progression have been widely appreciated in recent years. Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) is one member of the acetyl- CoA thiolase family. Previous studies demonstrated that ACAT2 either promotes or suppresses tumor progression in different conditions. However, the function and mechanisms of ACAT2 in GC remain unknown. We found that the expression of this enzyme was significantly increased in GC tissues compared with normal counterparts, which prompted us to further investigate the roles of this protein in GC biology. In vitro functional studies showed that ACAT2 knockdown markedly halted the proliferation and the motility of GC cells; these functions favoring malignant phenotypes of GC cells were further validated in animal experiments. Mechanistically, ACAT2 depletion significantly reduced the transcription of SETD7, which is a histone methyltransferase and plays critical roles in GC cells. We found that the pro-tumoral functions of ACAT2 were largely dependent on SETD7. Moreover, SETD7 decreased the ubiquitination level of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), thereby protecting YAP1 from proteasome degradation. Increased YAP1 protein expression remarkably activated the YAP1/TAZ-TEAD1 signaling pathway, which further boosted the malignant phenotypes in GC cells. In conclusion, these findings highlight the pro-tumoral functions and molecular underpinnings of ACAT2 in GC cells, and suggest that ACAT2 could be a promising target in GC treatment.
LINC317.5 as a novel biomarker for hypertriglyceridemia in abnormal glucose metabolism
Authors: Yang Yixue , Sun Mengzi , Yan Shoumeng , Yao Nan , Li Xiaotong , Wu Caihong , Wu Zibo , Wang Fengdan , Cui Weiwei , Li Bo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe global rise in prediabetes and diabetes, with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) being predominant, highlights the association between T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Patients with both abnormal glucose levels and HTG require increased attention due to higher risks of complications and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to find the key long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of HTG in the abnormal glucose metabolism patients. We collected blood samples for RNA sequencing experiments and blood samples for validation in population. We have conducted RNA sequencing, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a 82-vs-82-sample-size population and insulin induced HepG2, RNA- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). We also explored lipid metabolism related transcription factor and the related protein expression and processed key lncRNA by both interference expression and overexpression, and the related consequences were rescued by its target mRNA. ENST00000540317.5 (LINC317.5) was lower in HTG with abnormal glucose metabolism and was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus in HepG2, inversely regulating the accumulation of TG and its target mRNA TKFC. Relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were decreasing, and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) was increasing of the interference expression of LINC317.5. Interference expression of LINC317.5 significantly decreased the protein expression of ACADM and CPT1A, whereas increased the protein expression of FAS and ACC1. TKFC partly reduced the triglyceride (TG) accumulation of LINC317.5. In conclusion, we suggested LINC317.5-TKFC as a key for TG accumulation in the HepG2-insulin resistant (IR). These might provide information of non-invasive biomarkers for the HTG with abnormal glucose.
Investigation on mussel periostracum, a viscoelastic-to-poro-gel graded material, as an interface between soft tissue and rigid materials
Authors: Kim Hyungbin , Lim Heejin , Kim Sangsik , Koo Jun Mo , Lim Chanoong , Kwak Hojung , Oh Dongyeop X. , Hwang Dong Soo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mussel periostracum, a nonliving multifunctional gel that covers the rigid inorganic shells of mussels, provides protection against mechanical impacts, biofouling, and corrosion in harsh ocean environments. The inner part of the periostracum, which emerges from biological tissues, functions as a natural interface between tissue and inorganic materials. The periostracum shows significant potential for application in implantable devices that provide interfaces; however, this system remains unexplored. In this study, we revealed that the inner periostracum performs graded mechanical functions and efficiently dissipates energy to accommodate differences in stiffness and stress types on both sides. On the tissue end, the lightly pigmented periostracum exhibits extensibility and energy dissipation under repetitive tension. This process was facilitated by the slipping and reassembly of β-strands in the discovered major proteins, which we named periostracin proteins. On the shell end, the highly pigmented, mineralized, and porous segment of the periostracum provided stiffness and cushioned against compressive stresses exerted by the shell valves during closure. These findings offer a novel possibilities for the design of interfaces that bridge human tissue and devices.
Suppressing dipolar relaxation in thin layers of dysprosium atoms
Authors: Barral Pierre , Cantara Michael , Du Li , Lunden William , de Hond Julius , Jamison Alan O. , Ketterle Wolfgang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe dipolar interaction can be attractive or repulsive, depending on the position and orientation of the dipoles. Constraining atoms to a plane with their magnetic moment aligned perpendicularly leads to a largely side-by-side repulsion and generates a dipolar barrier which prevents atoms from approaching each other. We show experimentally and theoretically how this can suppress dipolar relaxation, the dominant loss process in spin mixtures of highly magnetic atoms. Using dysprosium, we observe an order of magnitude reduction in the relaxation rate constant, and another factor of ten is within reach based on the models which we have validated with our experimental study. The loss suppression opens up many new possibilities for quantum simulations with spin mixtures of highly magnetic atoms.
Imaging 3D chemistry at 1 nm resolution with fused multi-modal electron tomography
Authors: Schwartz Jonathan , Di Zichao Wendy , Jiang Yi , Manassa Jason , Pietryga Jacob , Qian Yiwen , Cho Min Gee , Rowell Jonathan L. , Zheng Huihuo , Robinson Richard D. , Gu Junsi , Kirilin Alexey , Rozeveld Steve , Ercius Peter , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Xu Ting , Scott Mary , Hovden Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMeasuring the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of chemistry in nanoscale matter is a longstanding challenge for metrological science. The inelastic scattering events required for 3D chemical imaging are too rare, requiring high beam exposure that destroys the specimen before an experiment is completed. Even larger doses are required to achieve high resolution. Thus, chemical mapping in 3D has been unachievable except at lower resolution with the most radiation-hard materials. Here, high-resolution 3D chemical imaging is achieved near or below one-nanometer resolution in an Au-Fe3O4 metamaterial within an organic ligand matrix, Co3O4-Mn3O4 core-shell nanocrystals, and ZnS-Cu0.64S0.36 nanomaterial using fused multi-modal electron tomography. Multi-modal data fusion enables high-resolution chemical tomography often with 99% less dose by linking information encoded within both elastic (HAADF) and inelastic (EDX/EELS) signals. We thus demonstrate that sub-nanometer 3D resolution of chemistry is measurable for a broad class of geometrically and compositionally complex materials.
High-entropy engineering of the crystal and electronic structures in a Dirac material
Authors: Laha Antu , Yoshida Suguru , Marques dos Santos Vieira Francisco , Yi Hemian , Lee Seng Huat , Ayyagari Sai Venkata Gayathri , Guan Yingdong , Min Lujin , Gonzalez Jimenez Jose , Miao Leixin , Graf David , Sarker Saugata , Xie Weiwei , Alem Nasim , Gopalan Venkatraman , Chang Cui-Zu , Dabo Ismaila , Mao Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDirac and Weyl semimetals are a central topic of contemporary condensed matter physics, and the discovery of new compounds with Dirac/Weyl electronic states is crucial to the advancement of topological materials and quantum technologies. Here we show a widely applicable strategy that uses high configuration entropy to engineer relativistic electronic states. We take the AMnSb2 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca, Eu, and Yb) Dirac material family as an example and demonstrate that mixing of Ba, Sr, Ca, Eu and Yb at the A site generates the compound (Ba0.38Sr0.14Ca0.16Eu0.16Yb0.16)MnSb2 (denoted as A5MnSb2), giving access to a polar structure with a space group that is not present in any of the parent compounds. A5MnSb2 is an entropy-stabilized phase that preserves its linear band dispersion despite considerable lattice disorder. Although both A5MnSb2 and AMnSb2 have quasi-two-dimensional crystal structures, the two-dimensional Dirac states in the pristine AMnSb2 evolve into a highly anisotropic quasi-three-dimensional Dirac state triggered by local structure distortions in the high-entropy phase, which is revealed by Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations measurements.
Predicting maximum strain hardening factor in elongational flow of branched pom-pom polymers from polymer architecture
Authors: Schußmann Max G. , Wilhelm Manfred , Hirschberg Valerian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a model-driven predictive scheme for the uniaxial extensional viscosity and strain hardening of branched polymer melts, specifically for the pom-pom architecture, using the small amplitude oscillatory shear mastercurve and the polymer architecture. A pom-pom shaped polymer is the simplest architecture with at least two branching points, needed to induce strain hardening. It consists of two stars, each with $$q$$
q
arms of the molecular weight $${M}_{w,a}$$

M

w
,
a

, connected by a backbone of $${M}_{w,b}$$

M

w
,
b

. Despite the pom-pom constitutive model, experimental data of systematic investigations lack due to synthetic complexity. With an optimized approach, we synthesized polystyrene pom-pom model systems with systematically varied $${M}_{w,a}$$

M

w
,
a

and $${M}_{w,b}$$

M

w
,
b

. Experimentally, we identify four characteristic strain rate dependent regimes of the extensional viscosity, which can be predicted from the rheological mastercurve. Furthermore, we find that the industrially important maximum strain hardening factor depends only on the arm number by $$[{q}^{2}/{{{{{\mathrm{ln}}}}}}({\sqrt{3}}q)]$$

[

q

2

/
ln

(

3

q

)

]

. This framework offers a model-based design of branched polymers with predictable melt flow behavior.
Mucosal prime-boost immunization with live murine pneumonia virus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is protective in macaques
Authors: Kaiser Jaclyn A. , Nelson Christine E. , Liu Xueqiao , Park Hong-Su , Matsuoka Yumiko , Luongo Cindy , Santos Celia , Ahlers Laura R. H. , Herbert Richard , Moore Ian N. , Wilder-Kofie Temeri , Moore Rashida , Walker April , Yang Lijuan , Munir Shirin , Teng I-Ting , Kwong Peter D. , Dowdell Kennichi , Nguyen Hanh , Kim JungHyun , Cohen Jeffrey I. , Johnson Reed F. , Garza Nicole L. , Via Laura E. , Barber Daniel L. , Buchholz Ursula J. , Le Nouën Cyril 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImmunization via the respiratory route is predicted to increase the effectiveness of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Here, we evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of one or two doses of a live-attenuated murine pneumonia virus vector expressing SARS-CoV-2 prefusion-stabilized spike protein (MPV/S-2P), delivered intranasally/intratracheally to male rhesus macaques. A single dose of MPV/S-2P is highly immunogenic, and a second dose increases the magnitude and breadth of the mucosal and systemic anti-S antibody responses and increases levels of dimeric anti-S IgA in the airways. MPV/S-2P also induces S-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the airways that differentiate into large populations of tissue-resident memory cells within a month after the boost. One dose induces substantial protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, and two doses of MPV/S-2P are fully protective against SARS-CoV-2 challenge virus replication in the airways. A prime/boost immunization with a mucosally-administered live-attenuated MPV vector could thus be highly effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication.
Mechanism of Ψ-Pro/C-degron recognition by the CRL2FEM1B ubiquitin ligase
Authors: Chen Xinyan , Raiff Anat , Li Shanshan , Guo Qiong , Zhang Jiahai , Zhou Hualin , Timms Richard T. , Yao Xuebiao , Elledge Stephen J. , Koren Itay , Zhang Kaiming , Xu Chao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe E3 ligase-degron interaction determines the specificity of the ubiquitin‒proteasome system. We recently discovered that FEM1B, a substrate receptor of Cullin 2-RING ligase (CRL2), recognizes C-degrons containing a C-terminal proline. By solving several cryo-EM structures of CRL2FEM1B bound to different C-degrons, we elucidate the dimeric assembly of the complex. Furthermore, we reveal distinct dimerization states of unmodified and neddylated CRL2FEM1B to uncover the NEDD8-mediated activation mechanism of CRL2FEM1B. Our research also indicates that, FEM1B utilizes a bipartite mechanism to recognize both the C-terminal proline and an upstream aromatic residue within the substrate. These structural findings, complemented by in vitro ubiquitination and in vivo cell-based assays, demonstrate that CRL2FEM1B-mediated polyubiquitination and subsequent protein turnover depend on both FEM1B-degron interactions and the dimerization state of the E3 ligase complex. Overall, this study deepens our molecular understanding of how Cullin-RING E3 ligase substrate selection mediates protein turnover.
Metabolomics facilitates differential diagnosis in common inherited retinal degenerations by exploring their profiles of serum metabolites
Authors: Wang Wei-Chieh , Huang Chu-Hsuan , Chung Hsin-Hsiang , Chen Pei-Lung , Hu Fung-Rong , Yang Chang-Hao , Yang Chung-May , Lin Chao-Wen , Hsu Cheng-Chih , Chen Ta-Ching 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis of inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) is challenging owing to its phenotypic and genotypic complexity. Clinical information is important before a genetic diagnosis is made. Metabolomics studies the entire picture of bioproducts, which are determined using genetic codes and biological reactions. We demonstrated that the common diagnoses of IRD, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), Stargardt disease (STGD), and Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy (BCD), could be differentiated based on their metabolite heatmaps. Hundreds of metabolites were identified in the volcano plot compared with that of the control group in every IRD except BCD, considered as potential diagnosing markers. The phenotypes of CRD and STGD overlapped but could be differentiated by their metabolomic features with the assistance of a machine learning model with 100% accuracy. Moreover, EYS-, USH2A-associated, and other RP, sharing considerable similar characteristics in clinical findings, could also be diagnosed using the machine learning model with 85.7% accuracy. Further study would be needed to validate the results in an external dataset. By incorporating mass spectrometry and machine learning, a metabolomics-based diagnostic workflow for the clinical and molecular diagnoses of IRD was proposed in our study.
The airborne transmission of viruses causes tight transmission bottlenecks
Authors: Sinclair Patrick , Zhao Lei , Beggs Clive B. , Illingworth Christopher J. R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe transmission bottleneck describes the number of viral particles that initiate an infection in a new host. Previous studies have used genome sequence data to suggest that transmission bottlenecks for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 involve few viral particles, but the general principles of virus transmission are not fully understood. Here we show that, across a broad range of circumstances, tight transmission bottlenecks are a simple consequence of the physical process of airborne viral transmission. We use mathematical modelling to describe the physical process of the emission and inhalation of infectious particles, deriving the result that that the great majority of transmission bottlenecks involve few viral particles. While exceptions to this rule exist, the circumstances needed to create these exceptions are likely very rare. We thus provide a physical explanation for previous inferences of bottleneck size, while predicting that tight transmission bottlenecks prevail more generally in respiratory virus transmission.