bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cycloartane Glycosides from Three Species of Astragalus (Fabaceae)
Authors: Linnek Jens , Mitaine‐Offer Anne‐Claire , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Tanaka Chiaki , Paululat Thomas , Avunduk Sibel , Alankuş‐Çalişkan Özgen , Lacaille‐Dubois Marie‐Aleth 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNine cycloartane‐type glycosides were isolated from three species of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae): From the aerial parts of A. cicer L., two new saponins, cicerosides A and B (1 and 2, resp.), i.e., a tetradesmosidic and tridesmosidic cycloartane‐type glycosides besides one known compound, from the roots of A. sempervirens Lam., one known saponin, and from the roots of A. ptilodes Boiss. var. cariensis Boiss., five known compounds. Their structures were established mainly by 600‐MHz 2D‐NMR techniques (1H,1H‐COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and mass spectroscopy.
Optical Resolution and Structure Determination of New Indolizidine Alkaloids from Elaeocarpus sphaericus
Authors: Zhou Chang‐Xin , Wang Xue‐Yao , Mo Jian‐Xia , Zhang Jian , Gan Li‐She 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo new indolizidine alkaloids, (±)‐3‐oxoisoelaeocarpine (1) and (±)‐elaeocarpine N‐oxide (2), along with three known alkaloids, (±)‐isoelaeocarpine (3), (±)‐elaeocarpine (4), and (−)‐isoelaeocarpiline (5), were isolated from an EtOH extract of the branches and leaves of Elaeocarpus sphaericus. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Furthermore, enantiomers of compounds 1 and 3 were separated on a chiral CD‐Ph column, and their absolute configurations were determined by TD‐DFT (=time‐dependent density‐functional theory) quantum‐chemical calculations of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.
Comparison of Dinitrogen, Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Carbon Dioxide Mass‐Transport Dynamics in Carbon and Zeolite Molecular Sieves
Authors: Onyestyák György 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEquilibrium (based on Henry constants) and kinetic (based on relaxation‐time constants or rather macropore transport diffusivities) selectivities for commercial zeolite and carbon‐molecular‐sieve (CMS) adsorbents were compared. Adsorption isotherms were recorded at −20°. The frequency‐response (FR) sorption‐rate spectra were determined in the range of −78 and 70° at 133 Pa. In particles of a larger size than 1.0 mm, macropore diffusion governed the rate of sorption mass transport in both types of microporous materials. The differences in the intercrystalline diffusivities established the kinetic separation of the gases notwithstanding the essential importance of interactions in the micropores. Zeolites seem to be more advantageous for a dynamic separation of CO2 and CH4 than CMS 4A. With the CO2 and CO pair, the CMS is characterized by short characteristic times which, together with a good separation factor, is a double advantage in a short‐cycle adsorption technology. Upon comminution of the carbon pellets, intercrystalline‐diffusion resistance can be completely removed by using CMS 4A adsorbent particles with a diameter smaller than 1 mm. The carbonization of spruce‐wood cubes resulted in an excellent carbon honeycomb structure, which seems to be ideal from a dynamic point of view for applications in short‐cycle adsorption‐separation technologies. In the development of adsorbents, the use of the FR method can be beneficial.
On the Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge‐Transfer Photochemistry of the Copper(II) Complexes of Quercetin and Rutin
Authors: Torres Simonet , Ferraudi Guillermo , Aguirre Maria Jesus , Isaacs Mauricio , Matsuhiro Betty , Chandía Nancy P. , Mendoza Leonora 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn contrast to the UV‐photoinduced ligand photoionization of the flavonoid complexes of FeIII, redox reactions initiated in ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer excited states were observed on irradiation of the quercetin (1) and rutin (2) complexes of CuII. Solutions of complexes with stoichiometries [CuIIL2] (L=quercetin, rutin) and [CuII2Ln] (n=1, L=quercetin; n=3, L=rutin) were flash‐irradiated at 351 nm. Transient spectra observed in these experiments showed the formation of radical ligands corresponding to the one‐electron oxidation of L and the reduction of CuII to CuI. The radical ligands remained coordinated to the CuI centers, and the substitution reactions replacing them by solvent occurred with lifetimes τ<350 ns. These are lifetimes shorter than the known lifetimes (τ>1 ms) of the quercetin and rutin radical's decay.
An Efficient Photoinduced Deprotection of Aromatic Acetals and Ketals
Authors: Thevenet Damien , Neier Reinhard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA novel type of photodeprotection reaction of simple aromatic acetals and ketals is described. The deprotection is highly efficient under optimized conditions. The aromatic ring confers the photoreactivity to the compounds. The efficiency of the process depends on the structure of the acetal moiety. The common minor side reaction, the photooxidation, becomes the major reaction pathway in the cases of cyclic acetals. The use of photon as only reagent makes this procedure especially attractive for acetal deprotection.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of duloxetine on P‐gp function
Authors: Ruike Zhao , Junhua Cao , Wenxing Peng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of duloxetine (DLX) on the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) function in vitro and in vivo.MethodIn vitro experiment was conducted using the Caco‐2 cell, a human colon cancer cell line that naturally expresses the P‐gp and P‐gp function was evaluated by monitoring whether DLX affect the accumulation of Rhd123. In vivo study was conducted by quantitating the effect of orally administered DLX on the bioavailability of talinolol.ResultsIn the in vitro study, incubation of Caco‐2 cell with DLX caused a concentration‐dependent increase in the accumulation of Rhd123. In the in vivo study, co‐administration of DLX increased the bioavailability of talinolol. The ratio (90% confidence intervals) of AUC0–60, AUC0–∞, and Cmax (talinolol alone versus talinolol plus DLX) were 0.87(0.77–1.06), 0.85(0.74–1.01), 0.87 (0.68–1.12).ConclusionOur results suggest that DLX could inhibit the function of P‐gp in vitro and in vivo, and caution should be exercised when DLX is to be co‐administered with drugs that are P‐gp substrate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attentional biases in clinical populations with alcohol use disorders: is co‐morbidity ignored?
Authors: Sinclair Julia M.A. , Nausheen Bina , Garner Matthew J. , Baldwin David S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo identify how psychiatric co‐morbidity was identified and assessed, in studies of attentional bias in clinical samples of patients with alcohol use disorders (AUDs).DesignSystematic review methodology was used to identify studies and abstract data on alcohol‐related attentional biases and measurement of psychiatric co‐morbidity.ResultsSeventeen papers were identified that met the criteria for inclusion. All but one study were in patients meeting criteria for alcohol dependence. In 10 of the 17 studies, either no mention or minimal statements were made pertaining to possible co‐morbid conditions (including other substance use): five excluded patients with psychiatric diagnoses, (variously defined), and two excluded patients on ‘psychotropic medication’. Slow response latencies to all word types were found in studies where co‐morbid conditions were not considered.ConclusionsDespite the high prevalence of psychiatric pathology in patients with AUDs (particularly depression), and the acknowledged impact that this has on aetiology, presentation and outcome, psychiatric co‐morbidity has not been consistently measured or described in experimental studies on alcohol‐related attentional biases in clinical samples. In order to have an accurate appreciation of the role of attentional biases in patients with AUDs, there needs to be a consistent approach to measuring the co‐occurrence of other psychopathology. Further research is needed to assess the impact of co‐morbidities on attentional biases in AUDs, to enable the development of more targeted psychological and pharmacological treatments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐ and Intra‐Regional Variability of Leaf Litter Breakdown in Reference Headwater Streams of Northern Spain: Atlantic versus Mediterranean Streams
Authors: Pérez Javier , Menéndez Margarita , Larrañaga Santiago , Pozo Jesús 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to examine the natural variability of alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) leaf processing and explore its potentiality as a functional indicator to assess the ecological status of Spanish headwater streams. Breakdown of leaf litter was studied during autumn‐winter in reference headwater streams of two regions of northern Spain: the Basque Country (on the Atlantic) and Catalonia (on the Mediterranean). Spring experiments were also carried out in the Atlantic region in order to study seasonal changes. Leaf mass loss rates were slightly higher in Catalonian streams. Temperature was not the main factor for explaining differences between the two regions. In the Atlantic one, however, water temperature determined the spatial and seasonal variability of leaf litter processing. Because of the high natural variability in breakdown rates, our results highlight the difficulty in detecting moderate impairments on stream functioning through the analysis of leaf litter decomposition if this process is not accompanied by the study of other factors affecting it. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long‐Term Dynamics of Microbial Biofilm Communities of the River Rhine with Special References to Ciliates
Authors: Ackermann Barbara , Esser Markus , Scherwaß Anja , Arndt Hartmut 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantify and qualify seasonal changes of all important components of a microbial biofilm community. We explored the development of the biofilm community structure on submerged glass slides for 15 months including all organisms from bacteria to macro‐invertebrates. Besides bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates were the most abundant biofilm component followed by ciliates, meiofauna organisms and algae. Most important were sessile choanoflagellates, peritrichous ciliates and some crustaceans. Ciliates and macrofauna were the most important components with regard to the total biovolume. The biofilm architecture was strongly influenced by extracellular structures produced by protozoans and macro‐invertebrates. Alterations within the biofilm community were mainly due to changes in abundances rather than in the composition except for heterotrophic flagellates and macro‐invertebrates. Biofilm organisms were dominated by planktivorous organisms exerting a strong grazing impact on the plankton organisms in this large river. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Daphnia Pre‐Exposed to Toxic Microcystis Exhibit Feeding Selectivity
Authors: Tillmanns Angeline R. , Burton Sara K. , Pick Frances R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, short term feeding experiments were used to determine if Daphnia, pre‐exposed to cyanobacteria, could avoid cyanobacteria through feeding selectively. The results show that Daphnia ambigua were capable of altering the proportion of a single – celled cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) to a chlorophyte (Chlorella kessleri) of similar size and shape. Also, D. ambigua pre‐exposed for eight weeks to a toxic strain of M. aeruginosa were more successful at avoiding this strain than D. ambigua pre‐exposed to C. kessleri or to a non‐toxic strain of M. aeruginosa. These experimental results suggest that further investigations of Daphnia 's ability to influence the dominance of cyanobacterial strains in lakes are warranted. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sequential measurements of glomerular filtration rate in conscious rats by a bolus injection of iodixanol and a single blood sample
Authors: Katayama Rieko , Watanabe Kanji , Yamagishi Norio , Abe Sumito , Satoh Hiroshi , Furuhama Kazuhisa 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTTo estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) sequentially in conscious rats, we validated a single‐blood‐sample method using a bolus injection of the nonionic contrast medium iodixanol as a tracer. First, to clarify basal age‐related GFR profiles, iodixanol was intravenously administered once weekly at 1500 mg kg−1 I to clinically healthy male F344 rats from 6 to 15 weeks of age. The blood sample was collected 120 min later, and serum iodixanol concentration was measured by HPLC. GFR values decreased gradually by 9 weeks, presumably due to rapidly increased body weights, and then remained constant from 10 weeks onward. When converting the GFR from body weight to body surface area, the reference range (40–60 ml min−1 m−2) in the latter was much more stable than that (6–11 ml min−1 kg−1) in the former. For nephropathy rats induced by cisplatin (3.75–7.5 mg kg−1, i.v., single dose), bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BEA, 250–500 mg kg−1, i.v., single dose) or puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN, 15 mg kg−1 day−1, s.c., 10 days), GFR decreased or tended to decrease before increasing in serum urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine concentrations. Accordingly, serum UN and creatinine concentrations became elevated when the GFR decreased to 50–60% of the basal value. This method without urine collection contributes to the reduction of animal numbers because of repeated application to the same animals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐level chronic exposure to cadmium enhances the risk of long bone fractures: a study on a female rat model of human lifetime exposure
Authors: Brzóska Malgorzata M. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn the present paper, the hypothesis that low chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) enhances the risk of long bone fractures was investigated in a female rat model simulating human lifetime exposure in non‐Cd‐polluted areas. For this purpose, the femur and both tibias of control female rats and those exposed to Cd (1 mg Cd l−1 in drinking water for 24 months since weaning) were assigned to geometric, densitometric (bone mineral content, BMC, and density, BMD), radiographic and biomechanical studies as well as assessing their chemical composition. The exposure to Cd disturbed mineralization (decreased BMD and minerals content, including calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron) and weakened the biomechanical strength of the femur and tibia, enhancing their fragility. The Z‐score values for the BMD revealed osteopenia of the femur and tibia in 20 and 30% of the Cd‐exposed female rats, respectively, and osteoporosis in 80 and 70%, respectively. In 30% of the Cd‐exposed animals, femoral neck fracture was evident in the radiographic picture. The findings seem to confirm the hypothesis that a low exposure to Cd during the lifetime may be an important risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures of long bones, and especially for femoral neck fracture in elderly women. The results indicate that greater attention should be paid to Cd as an environmental risk factor for the increasing rate of osteoporosis and bone fractures in old population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutagenicity of industrial wastewaters collected from two different stations in northern India
Authors: Tabrez Shams , Ahmad Masood 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTMutagenicity of wastewaters taken from two different cities was compared by means of Ames plate test and Ames fluctuation test. TA100 and TA98 strains of S. typhimurium exhibited the highest sensitivity against the Saharanpur sample (SWW) in terms of the slope (m) of the dose–response curve in the plate incorporation assay. However, the most sensitive strain against the test samples from Aligarh (AWW) was TA98. Interestingly, TA100 and TA98 strains also displayed the highest susceptibility towards the samples from Saharanpur in the fluctuation test. However, TA102 and TA100 responded maximally to AWW in this bioassay. Interestingly, S9 supplementation resulted in the decline in mutagenic potential of SWW contrary to significant increase with AWW by both the tests. Both samples were found to generate different types of ROS as predominant species. While SWW were shown to generate a high concentration of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals were predominantly occurring in AWW. From our result, we conclude that both the test water samples were highly genotoxic. In view of the complementary nature of these two testing systems, we recommend both bioassays for the genotoxicity assessment of complex water samples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of anticholinergic and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory prodrugs which reduce chemically induced skin inflammation
Authors: Young Sherri C. , Fabio Karine M. , Huang Mou‐Tuan , Saxena Jaya , Harman Meredith P. , Guillon Christophe D. , Vetrano Anna M. , Heck Diane E. , Flowers Robert A. , Heindel Ned D. , Laskin Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTAs part of a continuous effort to develop efficient counter measures against sulfur mustard injuries, several unique NSAID prodrugs have been developed and screened for anti‐inflammatory properties. Presented herein are three classes of prodrugs which dually target inflammation and cholinergic dysfunction. Compounds 1–28 contain common NSAIDs linked either to choline bioisosteres or to structural analogs of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. These agents have shown utility as anti‐vesicants and anti‐inflammatory agents when screened in a mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM) against both 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a blistering agent, and 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), a common topical irritant. Many of the prodrugs have activity against CEES, with 5, 18, 22 and 27 reducing inflammation by more than 75% compared with a control. Compounds 12, 13, 15 and 22 show comparable activity against TPA. Promising activity in the MEVM is related to half‐lives of NSAID release in plasma, moderate to high lipophilicity, and some degree of inhibition of AChE, a potential contributor to sulfur mustard‐mediated tissue damage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of molecular weight of chitosan degraded by microwave irradiation on lyophilized scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Mecwan Marvin M. , Rapalo Gabriel E. , Mishra Sanjay R. , Haggard Warren O. , Bumgardner Joel D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChitosan (CTS) is biocompatible, biodegradable, and can be formed into 3D porous structures for bone tissue engineering applications. Although studies have reported on the effects of molecular weight (MW) on CTS physicochemical properties, studies evaluating CTS biological property relationships often do not account for MW that confounds interpretation of study results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MW on CTS physicochemical and biological properties. CTS materials were treated for 6, 18, and 30 min by microwave irradiation to decrease MW without affecting deacetylation (DDA). Materials were evaluated for crystallinity using X‐ray diffraction, thermal degradation using differential scanning calorimetry, water content, swelling ratio, and in vitro compatibility using Saos‐2. Results showed that microwave treatments did not affect DDA but decreased MW and swelling ratio by 45.78% and 36.75%, respectively, after 30 min of microwave treatment. Microwave‐treated CTS showed reduced or no crystalline peaks. Initial increase in exothermic peak temperatures with short (6 min) microwave treatment times were followed by a decrease with longer (18 and 30 min) treatment times. Cell growth over 7 days on samples was proportional to MW with the number of cells being 62% higher on CTS with the highest MW (3.71 ± 0.25 × 105 g/mol) when compared with the lower MW CTS (2.38 ± 0.12 × 105 g/mol). These results demonstrate the importance of MW of CTS to both its physicochemical characteristics and biological properties, providing researchers with another tool for the modulation and optimization of CTS for different biomedical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Blood protein‐polymer adsorption: Implications for understanding complement‐mediated hemoincompatibility
Authors: Engberg Anna E. , Rosengren‐Holmberg Jenny P. , Chen Hui , Nilsson Bo , Lambris John D. , Nicholls Ian A. , Ekdahl Kristina N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to create polymeric materials with known properties to study the preconditions for complement activation. Initially, 22 polymers were screened for complement activating capacity. Based on these results, six polymers (P1–P6) were characterized regarding physico–chemical parameters, for example, composition, surface area, pore size, and protein adsorption from human EDTA‐plasma. P2, P4, and reference particles of polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride, were hydrophobic, bound low levels of protein and were poor complement activators. Their accessible surface was limited to protein adsorption in that they had pore diameters smaller than most plasma proteins. P1 and P3 were negatively charged and adsorbed IgG and C1q. A 10‐fold difference in complement activation was attributed to the fact that P3 but not P1 bound high amounts of C1‐inhibitor. The hydrophobic P5 and P6 were low complement activators. They selectively bound apolipoproteins AI and AIV (and vitronectin), which probably limited the binding of complement activators to the surface. We demonstrate the usefulness of the modus operandi to use a high‐throughput procedure to synthesize a great number of novel substances, assay their physico–chemical properties with the aim to study the relationship between the initial protein coat on a surface and subsequent biological events. Data obtained from the six polymers characterized here, suggest that a complement‐resistant surface should be hydrophobic, uncharged, and have a small available surface, accomplished by nanostructured topography. Additional attenuation of complement can be achieved by selective enrichment of inert proteins and inhibitors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: , 2011.
Comparison of three types of preparations for abdominal sonography
Authors: Pinto Paula N. V. , Chojniak Rubens , Cohen Marcela P. , Yu Liao S. , Queiroz‐Andrade Marcony , Bitencourt Almir G. V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:The purpose of this randomized, prospective study was to evaluate the effect of three preparation types on the abdominal sonographic examination quality and on patient acceptance.Methods:Examinations were performed on 611 patients in the imaging department of a referral oncology center. Patients were divided into three groups: preparation with fasting, water, laxatives, and antiflatulents (Group I), preparation with fasting, water, and antiflatulents alone (Group II), or preparation with fasting and water alone (Group III). The examination quality was evaluated both objectively through grades and subjectively through impressions. Statistical significance was set at the p ≤ 0.05 level.Results:No difference in examination quality was seen among patients with or without medication. Improved visualization of the retroperitoneum in the mid abdomen was observed among Group I patients. Patients in Groups II and III displayed fewer side effects. Other variables, such as obesity and increased abdominal wall thickness, also impacted the image quality.Conclusions:Visualization of the abdominal organs was satisfactory even in patients who had only fasted and received water. The use of laxative and antiflatulent preparations is not required before routine abdominal ultrasound examinations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011