bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex, BMI and age in addition to dietary intakes influence blood concentrations and congener profiles of dioxins and PCBs
Authors: Knutsen Helle K. , Kvalem Helen E. , Haugen Margaretha , Meltzer Helle M. , Brantsæter Anne L. , Alexander Jan , Päpke Olaf , Liane Veronica H. , Becher Georg , Thomsen Cathrine 
Published: January 2011

AbstractScope: The aim of this study was to i) characterize dietary polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxin exposure in consumers of fish from the PCB contaminated Lake Mjøsa in Norway ii) examine the influence of demographic factors on blood concentrations and congener composition of dioxins and PCBs, iii) characterize dietary sources and possible exposures above tolerable intake.Methods and results: Blood samples were analysed for dioxin‐like (dl) compounds (PCDD/Fs and dl‐PCBs) and non‐dl‐PCBs (ndl‐PCBs). Dietary exposures were calculated using food frequency questionnaires (n=64). Men had higher median intake of dl‐compounds than women (1.2 and 0.85 pg TEQ/kg bw/day), but similar blood concentrations (23.3 and 25.8, pg TEQ/g lipid weight (lw)). For non‐dl‐PCBs, intakes (6.5 and 4.5 ng/kg bw/day) and blood concentrations (381 and 224 ng/g lw) were higher in men than in women. Blood concentrations correlated with dietary intakes in men only. Increasing BMI and age elevated blood concentrations mainly in women. Men and women had different blood congener profiles, with a higher share of PCB‐126 in women, despite similar dietary congener profiles. Eleven participants exceeded the tolerable intake for dl‐compounds. Fish from Lake Mjøsa was the main dietary source.Conclusion: The higher influence of BMI and age for women than for men may have implications for risk assessment.
Anthocyanin‐rich extracts suppress the DNA‐damaging effects of topoisomerase poisons in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Esselen Melanie , Fritz Jessica , Hutter Melanie , Teller Nicole , Baechler Simone , Boettler Ute , Marczylo Tim H. , Gescher Andreas J. , Marko Doris 
Published: January 2011

AbstractScope: The effect of two anthocyanin‐rich berry extracts (A, bilberry; B, red grape) on topoisomerases was investigated in a cell‐free system and in human HT29 colon carcinoma cells. In parallel, their impact on DNA integrity was determined.Methods and results: The berry extracts suppressed the activity of topoisomerase I at concentrations ≥50 μg/mL. The activity of the topoisomerase II isoform was preferentially diminished (≥1 μg/mL). Within HT29 cells, the extracts were found to act as catalytic inhibitors without stabilizing the cleavable complex. Although topoisomerase activity was inhibited, none of the extracts induced DNA strand breaks up to 50 μg/mL. Moreover, pre‐ and coincubation of HT29 cells with A (≥1 μg/mL) significantly suppressed (p‐value ≤0.001) the strand‐breaking effects of camptothecin, whereas B was found to be less effective (1 μg/mL; p‐value ≤0.05). Both extracts were found to significantly diminish doxorubicin‐mediated DNA strand breaks at concentrations ≥1 μg/mL (p‐value ≤0.001). Consistent with these results, the extracts suppressed doxorubicin‐mediated enhancement of levels of topoisomerase II covalently linked to DNA in HT29 cells.Conclusion: These results raise the possibility that high intake of berry extracts may protect DNA and thus counteract the therapeutic effectiveness of orally applied topoisomerase poisons during chemotherapy.
Impact of the synbiotic combination of Lactobacillus casei shirota and oligofructose‐enriched inulin on the fecal volatile metabolite profile in healthy subjects
Authors: De Preter Vicky , Ghebretinsae Aklilu Habteab , Abrahantes José Cortinas , Windey Karen , Rutgeerts Paul , Verbeke Kristin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractScope: Hypothesis‐driven approaches have mainly focused on the quantification of SCFAs as mediators of beneficial effects of synbiotics. However, the emergence of metabolite profiling strategies allows to evaluate the colonic metabolism from a top‐down approach. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of a synbiotic combination on fecal metabolite profiles.Methods and results: A synbiotic combination (Lactobacillus casei Shirota cells+oligofructose‐enriched inulin) was evaluated in nine healthy volunteers. Before the start, during and after 4‐wk treatment, fecal samples were obtained. GC‐MS technology was applied to analyze the volatile metabolites. Application of a Type III test revealed that the metabolite profiles from the three conditions were significantly different. We identified three volatile organic compounds, acetate, dimethyl trisulfide and ethyl benzene, which were significantly affected. The acetate levels increased, whereas the dimethyl trisulfide levels decreased during and after the intervention. For ethyl benzene only an effect during the synbiotic intervention period was observed.Conclusion: We report a detailed analysis of the influence of L. casei Shirota combined with oligofructose‐enriched inulin on fermentation metabolites. Our results indicated a stimulation of saccharolytic fermentation and, importantly, a reduction of potentially toxic protein fermentation metabolites dimethyl trisulfide and ethyl benzene attended these effects.
Nutrigenomics in human intervention studies: Current status, lessons learned and future perspectives
Authors: Wittwer Jonas , Rubio‐Aliaga Isabel , Hoeft Birgit , Bendik Igor , Weber Peter , Daniel Hannelore 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNutrigenomics applications comprise transcript‐, proteome‐ and metabolome‐profiling techniques in which responses to diets or individual ingredients are assessed in biological samples. They may also include the characterization of heterogeneity in relevant genes that affect the biological processes. This review explores various areas of nutrition and food sciences in which transcriptome‐, proteome‐ and metabolome‐analyses have been applied in human intervention studies, including nutrigenetics aspects and discusses the advantages and limitations of the methodologies. Despite the power of the profiling techniques to generate huge data sets, a critical assessment of the study outcomes emphasizes the current constraints in data interpretation, including huge knowledge gaps, the need for improved study designs and more comprehensive phenotyping of volunteers before selection for study participation. In this respect, nutrigenomics faces the same problems as all other areas of the life sciences, employing the same tools. However, there is a growing trend toward systemic approaches in which different technologies are combined and applied to the same sample, allowing physiological changes to be assessed more robustly throughout all molecular layers of mRNA, protein and metabolite changes. Nutrigenomics is thereby maturing as a branch of the life sciences and is gaining significant recognition in the scientific community.
The effect of fatigue on knee position sense is not dependent upon the muscle group fatigued
Authors: Ribeiro Fernando , Venâncio João , Quintas Pedro , Oliveira José 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Muscle fatigue could have a greater impact on position sense when antagonists of the movement are fatigued. Hence, this study aimed to compare the effects of antagonist and agonist exercise‐induced muscle fatigue on knee joint position sense.Methods:This within‐subjects repeated‐measures study included 40 subjects. Knee position sense and muscle strength were measured before and after two exercise protocols consisting of 30 consecutive maximal concentric/eccentric contractions of the knee extensors or flexors on the isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 180°/s (3.14 rad/s).Results:Both exercise protocols increased the absolute angular error (F1.78 = 39.89, P < 0.001; knee extensors protocol from 2.0 ± 1.3° to 3.5 ± 2.0°, knee flexors protocol from 2.1 ± 1.2° to 3.7 ± 2.2°), and no differences were detected between protocols (F1.78 = 0.034, P = 0.855). No changes were observed in the relative angular error.Conclusions:Muscle fatigue affects knee position sense, and the deleterious effect is not different depending upon the muscle group fatigued. Muscle Nerve, 2011.
Ultrasonography in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: A critical review
Authors: Beekman Roy , Visser Leo H. , Verhagen Wim Im 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve has been recommended as a useful additional test in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE).Methods:We searched the literature and systemically reviewed all clinical trials in UNE. We also looked for articles about the normal sonoanatomy and specific causes of UNE.Results:Seven of 14 clinical trials in UNE were suitable for further analysis. Ultrasonographic ulnar nerve size measurement appears to be a test with good diagnostic accuracy. The most frequently reported abnormality was an increased cross‐sectional area of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. However, several studies had methodological flaws. In addition, the ultrasonographic techniques and study designs differed among the studies. There were a few other uncontrolled studies about the underlying causes of UNE.Discussion:The role of ultrasonography in UNE seems promising but could not be firmly established. More prospective studies are needed, and we make several recommendations for further research. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Demyelinating neuropathy with anti‐CRMP5 antibodies predating diagnosis of breast carcinoma: Favorable outcome after cancer therapy
Authors: Samarasekera Shanika , Rajabally Yusuf A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Breast cancer is exceptionally associated with anti–collapsin response mediator protein 5 (anti‐CRMP5) antibody or demyelinating neuropathy. This paraneoplastic antibody is itself not associated with demyelinating neuropathy.Methods:Herein we describe a patient with a predominantly sensory ataxic demyelinating neuropathy associated with an IgG‐kappa monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS). Further investigations led to identification of anti‐CRMP5 antibodies. An initial search for a malignancy proved negative. No immunomodulatory therapy was administered.Results:The patient developed breast carcinoma 2 years after the initial neurological symptoms, which was effectively treated by surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiotherapy. At neurological follow‐up, 16 months after cancer treatment, she remained in remission and had made substantial neurological recovery. Electrophysiology showed significant amelioration, and serum anti‐CRMP5 antibodies were undetectable. MGUS paraprotein level was unchanged.Conclusion:This case widens the range of paraneoplastic manifestations of breast carcinoma to include anti‐CRMP5 antibody–positive sensory ataxic demyelinating neuropathy, which, in this patient, improved after cancer treatment. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Macro electromyography, an update
Authors: Stålberg Erik 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe macro electromyography method was developed in the 1980s.1 Since then, technical modifications have been made, and a number of conditions have been explored.2, 3 This study is a methodological introduction and an update of findings in some nerve–muscle disorders. The spike component of a motor unit potential (MUP) recorded by a concentric or monopolar needle electromyography (EMG) electrode is generated primarily by fibers within 1–2 mm of the needle recording area. Given that a MUP's typical anatomical reach is 5–15 mm in diameter, it follows that conventional EMG is unable to record activity from the entire motor unit. Such information could promote understanding of muscle in health and disease. Macro EMG, with its large recording area, appears to provide this information by recording the activity from most of the fibers in a given motor unit. The value of combining macro EMG with single‐fiber EMG and conventional EMG recordings is discussed. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Urinary diaries: Evidence for the development and validation of diary content, format, and duration
Authors: Bright Elizabeth , Drake Marcus J. , Abrams Paul 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAimsTo review the published literature for evidence of urinary diary development and validation, in terms of diary format, content, and duration. To identify a fully validated urinary diary.MethodsMEDLINE search to identify all published English literature to date regarding urinary diaries. The search terms used were: micturition chart, micturition diary, frequency volume chart, bladder chart, bladder diary, urinary chart, urinary diary, voiding chart, and voiding diary. Studies were reviewed to identify any descriptions of diary development and whether diary format, duration, or content had been subject to validity testing.ResultsOne thousand four hundred sixty‐three studies were identified using the described search terms. Of these 81 were deemed potentially relevant to the investigation and reviewed. Fourteen studies investigated optimum diary duration but only four described the development of a new diary tool. There is limited evidence regarding the validation of dairy content and format. No study describes the use of content, construct, or criterion validity as well as tests of reliability and responsiveness for diary development and validation.ConclusionsA validated urinary diary does not currently exist. A validated diary would provide an enhanced clinical tool, and, as with validated symptom questionnaires, would allow comparison between different research studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:348–352, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tadalafil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: Pathophysiology and mechanism(s) of action
Authors: Andersson Karl‐Erik , de Groat William C. , McVary Kevin T. , Lue Tom F. , Maggi Mario , Roehrborn Claus G. , Wyndaele Jean Jacques , Melby Thomas , Viktrup Lars 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil is investigation for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Several clinical studies of tadalafil and other PDE5 inhibitors have reported significant symptom reduction but limited urinary flow rate improvement. This manuscript reviews the published literature describing the pathophysiology of male LUTS, with an emphasis on mechanisms that may be modulated or improved by phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition.MethodsLiterature (through March 2010) was obtained via Medline searches and from the individual reviewers files. Articles were selected for review based on describing in vitro, preclinical, or clinical studies of pathological processes contributing to LUTS, or possible effects of PDE5 inhibition in the lower urinary tract.ResultsMajor mechanisms contributing to LUTS include: reduced nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling; increased RhoA kinase pathway activity; autonomic overactivity; increased bladder afferent activity; and pelvic ischemia. Tadalafil and other PDE5 inhibitors have demonstrated beneficial effects on smooth muscle relaxation, smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation, nerve activity, and tissue perfusion that may impact LUTS in men.ConclusionsThe pathophysiology of male LUTS is complex and not completely understood. LUTS may occur independently of BPH or secondary to BPH but in both cases involve obstructive or irritative mechanisms with substantial pathophysiological overlap. While the precise mechanism remains unclear, inhibition of PDE5 seems to have an effect on several pathways that may impact LUTS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:292–301, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity in early streptozotocin‐induced diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Salman Ibrahim M. , Ameer Omar Z. , Sattar Munavvar A. , Abdullah Nor A. , Yam Mun F. , Abdullah Ghassan Z. , Abdulkarim Muthanna F. , Khan Md. Abdul Hye , Johns Edward J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAimWe assessed the role of renal sympathetic nervous system in the deterioration of renal hemodynamic and excretory functions in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic kidney disease (DKD).MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were induced with diabetes mellitus (DM) using STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.). The acute studies were conducted on denervated anesthetized rats 7 days after STZ administration. Two sets of experiments were performed: clearance experiments in which six 20‐min urine and plasma collections were carried out to measure kidney function parameters, and hemodynamic experiments in which the renal nerves were electrically stimulated and responses in renal vascular resistance (RVR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were recorded.ResultsRenal denervation in STZ‐induced diabetic rats produced higher fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) but lower plasma sodium (PNa), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and plasma creatinine (PCr) (all P < 0.05 vs. innervated diabetic rats). In innervated diabetic rats, renal nerve stimulation (RNS) caused significant attenuation in the renal vasoconstrictor responses (all P < 0.05 vs. innervated control). Renal denervation in diabetic rats significantly blunted these responses (all P < 0.05 vs. innervated diabetic rats); however, they were significantly higher (all P < 0.05) while compared to denervated control counterparts.ConclusionsThe data demonstrate an early role for the renal sympathetic innervation in the pathogenesis of DKD. If the kidney is prevented from renal sympathetic nerve action renal functional parameters are markedly improved. The data further suggest an early enhancement in renal sensitivity to intrarenal norepinephrine (NE) upon the removal of renal sympathetic tone in STZ‐induced diabetic rats. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:438–446, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic Hotelling duopoly with linear transportation costs
Authors: Lambertini Luca 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYI investigate a spatial duopoly model with linear transportation costs as a differential game where product differentiation is the result of firms' R&D investments. Two related results obtain, i.e. (i) the steady‐state R&D investment (product differentiation) is negatively (positively) related to the cost of capital and time discounting; and (ii) if time discounting and the cost of capital are sufficiently high, the amount of differentiation observed in steady state is sufficiently large to ensure the existence of a unique pure‐strategy price equilibrium with prices above marginal cost. The range of time discounting wherein the game produces a price equilibrium in pure strategies is wider under the closed loop solution than under the open loop solution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suboptimal H∞ hyperglycemia control on T1DM accounting biosignals of exercise and nocturnal hypoglycemia
Authors: Quiroz G. , Flores‐Gutiérrez C. P. , Femat R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe availability of novel technologies for exogenous insulin release and continuous glucose monitoring have increased the possibilities of developing an artificial pancreas. This contribution tackles the design of a H∞‐based controller to manage glycemia in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) under two scenarios: exercise and nocturnal hypoglycemia. Two biosignals are integrated to the blood glucose control problem: lactate is used in exercise scenario, while adrenaline releasing is used for nocturnal hypoglycemia. The effects of each scenario are represented by weighting transfer functions at the control design. Each weighting function accounts the effect of hepatic glucose production and defines separately the following relations: (a) from plasmatic glucose to lactate during exercise and (b) from plasmatic glucose to adrenaline during nocturnal hypoglycemia. Also, the controller is designed by adding a frequency restriction in control signal to incorporate frequency components by the pancreatic insulin release pattern in a healthy subject. A nonlinear physiological model, including Glucose–Insulin–Glucagon dynamics and counter‐regulatory effects, is used to show the time‐response of the closed‐loop including actuator dynamics and parametric changes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric oncologists' practices of prescribing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for children and adolescents with cancer: A multi‐site study
Authors: Phipps Sean , Buckholdt Kelly E. , Fernandez Laly , Wiener Lori , Kupst Mary Jo , Madan‐Swain Avi , Mullins Larry , Robert Rhonda , Sahler Olle Jane , Vincent Nicole , Noll Robert B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo survey pediatric oncologists regarding prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and related medications for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in children with cancer. Specifically, we sought to determine (a) how frequently pediatric oncologists prescribed SSRIs and what were the most commonly prescribed agents; (b) how decisions were made to prescribe, particularly whether mental health professionals were consulted; (c) how patients were monitored while on the agents; and (d) how the FDA black box warning has affected prescribing practices.MethodOncologists from nine children's cancer centers (N = 151) from across the U.S. were surveyed, responding to either on‐line or paper versions of a questionnaire developed for this study.ResultsA majority of oncologists (71%) reported prescribing SSRIs for their patients. Oncologists reported difficulties differentiating symptoms of depression from aspects of cancer treatment. Mental health practitioners are consulted occasionally but not routinely, and oncologists reported a need for increased mental health resources. Approximately half of oncologists (51%) reported that the FDA black box warning had not affected their practice. In addition, only 28% reported monitoring patients on SSRIs at FDA recommended intervals, and only 9% indicated assessing for suicidality.ConclusionsPrescription of SSRIs is a common practice of pediatric oncologists, often without consultation with mental health professionals. Post‐prescription monitoring appears to be suboptimal, and does not follow FDA guidelines. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 210–215. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The successful integration of research and care: How pediatric oncology became the subspecialty in which research defines the standard of care
Authors: Unguru Yoram 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPediatric oncology successfully embodies the integration of patient care with medical research. Several factors may explain this phenomenon. Specifically, the study of childhood leukemia provided scientists with principles by which they could approach other forms of cancer. Multicenter, cooperative group RCTs resulted in meaningful advances. Parents' often desperate hope for a cure, combined with clinician–investigators efforts to continually improve upon treatments resulted in important improvements in children's lives. Finally, the seemingly tolerant regulatory oversight of human subjects research in the early years of childhood cancer research paradoxically helped link research with care, thus solidifying this bond for years to come. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1019–1025. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.