bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of computed tomography scan protocols and freeform fabrication methods on bone biomodel accuracy
Authors: Fitzwater Kathryn L. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Harrysson Ola L. A. , Osborne Jason A. , Poindexter E. Christine 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess the effect of computed tomography (CT) scan protocols (radiation amounts) and fabrication methods on biomodel accuracy and variability.
Sample—Cadaveric femur of a Basset Hound.
Procedures—Retroreconstructions (n = 158) were performed of 16 original scans and were visually inspected to select 17 scans to be used for biomodel fabrication. Biomodels of the 17 scans were made in triplicate by use of 3 freeform fabrication processes (stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, and 3-D printing) for 153 models. The biomodels and original bone were measured by use of a coordinate measurement machine.
Results—Differences among fabrication methods accounted for 2% to 29% of the total observed variation in inaccuracy and differences among method-specific radiation configurations accounted for 4% to 44%. Biomodels underestimated bone length and width and femoral head diameter and overestimated cortical thickness. There was no evidence of a linear association between thresholding adjustments and biomodel accuracy. Higher measured radiation dose led to a decrease in absolute relative error for biomodel diameter and for 4 of 8 cortical thickness measurements.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The outside dimensions of biomodels have a clinically acceptable accuracy. The cortical thickness of biomodels may overestimate cortical thickness. Variability among biomodels was caused by model fabrication reproducibility and, to a lesser extent, by the radiation settings of the CT scan and differences among fabrication methods.
Pharmacokinetics of intra-articular, intravenous, and intramuscular administration of triamcinolone acetonide and its effect on endogenous plasma hydrocortisone and cortisone concentrations in horses
Authors: Soma Lawrence R. , Uboh Cornelius E. , You Yowen , Guan Fuyu , Boston Raymond C. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) following IV, intra-articular (IA), and IM administration and determine its effect on plasma concentrations of hydrocortisone and cortisone.
Animals—6 Thoroughbreds.
Procedures—TA (0.04 mg/kg) was administered IV, IM, or IA, and plasma TA, hydrocortisone, and cortisone concentrations were determined.
Results—IV administration of TA was fitted to a 2-compartment model. Median distribution half-life was 0.50 hours (range, 0.24 to 0.67 hours); elimination half-life was 6.1 hours (range, 5.0 to 6.4 hours). Transfer half-life of TA from joint to plasma was 5.2 hours (range, 0.49 to 73 hours); elimination half-life was 23.8 hours (range, 18.9 to 32.2 hours). Maximum plasma concentration following IA administration was 2.0 ng/mL (range, 0.94 to 2.5 ng/mL), and was attained at 10 hours (range, 8 to 12 hours). Maximum plasma concentration following IM administration was 0.34 ng/mL (range, 0.20 to 0.48 ng/mL) and was attained at 13.0 hours (range, 12 to 16 hours); concentration was still quantifiable at 360 hours. Hydrocortisone plasma concentrations were significantly different from baseline within 0.75, 2, and 1 hours after IV, IA, and IM administration, respectively, and remained significantly different from baseline at 96 and 264 hours for IV and IA administration. Following IM administration of TA, plasma concentrations of hydrocortisone did not recover to baseline concentrations by 360 hours.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pharmacokinetics of TA and related changes in hydrocortisone were described following IV, IA, and IM administration. A single administration of TA has profound effects on secretion of endogenous hydrocortisone.
Evaluation of the in vitro activity of gallium nitrate against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis
Authors: Fecteau Marie-Eve , Fyock Terry L. , McAdams Susan C. , Boston Raymond C. , Whitlock Robert H. , Sweeney Raymond W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of various field isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) to gallium nitrate.
Sample—10 isolates of MAP, including 4 isolated from cattle, 2 isolated from bison, 1 isolated from an alpaca, and 3 isolated from humans.
Procedures—The in vitro susceptibility to gallium nitrate was tested by use of broth culture with detection of MAP growth by means of a nonradiometric automated detection method. For each MAP isolate, a series of 7 dilutions of gallium nitrate (concentrations ranging from 200 to 1,000μM) were tested. Gallium nitrate was considered to have caused 90% and 99% inhibition of the MAP growth when the time to detection for culture of the MAP stock solution and a specific concentration of gallium nitrate was delayed and was similar to that obtained for culture of the MAP stock solution (without the addition of gallium nitrate) diluted 1:10 and 1:100, respectively.
Results—Gallium nitrate inhibited MAP growth in all 10 isolates. The susceptibility to gallium nitrate was variable among isolates, and all isolates of MAP were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, the concentration that resulted in 90% inhibition ranged from < 200μM for the most susceptible isolates to 743μM for the least susceptible isolates.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Gallium nitrate had activity against all 10 isolates of MAP tested in vitro and could potentially be used as a prophylactic agent to aid in the control of MAP infections during the neonatal period.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of postprandial heart variation in juvenile Paraguay anacondas (Eunectes notaeus)
Authors: Zerbe Philipp , Glaus Tony , Clauss Marcus , Hatt Jean-Michel , Steinmetz Hanspeter W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To noninvasively evaluate physiologic postprandial adaptations of the heart in snakes.
Animals—6 juvenile Paraguay anacondas (Eunectes notaeus).
Procedures—The heart of each anaconda was echocardiographically evaluated after food was withheld for 28 days as well as 3 and 10 days after feeding. Physical measurements included body length, weight, and circumference at the level of the heart. Echocardiographic measurements included heart rate and 2-D total and internal ventricular area. From these measurements, total ventricular volume as well as the myocardial area as a surrogate of myocardial mass was calculated.
Results—No significant changes in body length, weight, and circumference were found. Significant increases in heart rate (from 45 to 58 beats/min), total ventricular volume (from 4.63 to 5.54 mL), and myocardial area (from 0.7 to 0.81 cm2) were detected 10 days after feeding, compared with results obtained prior to feeding after food had been withheld for 28 days. No pericardial effusion was detected at any time point.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Echocardiographic evaluation of the heart of anacondas was performed, and feeding resulted in concentric cardiac hypertrophy. Physiologic fluctuation of cardiac dimensions should be considered when cardiac imaging is performed in snakes.
Extralabel use of cabergoline in the treatment of a pituitary adenoma in a rat
Authors: Mayer Jörg , Sato Amy , Kiupel Matti , DeCubellis Julie , Donnelly Thomas 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Case Description—A 0.65-kg (1.43-lb) 24-month-old sexually intact male albino pet rat was examined because of a 3-week history of hypodipsia, apparent blindness, and sudden change in behavior.
Clinical Findings—The rat was able to move around its cage but appeared unaware of its surroundings, was visually unresponsive, and seemed unusually aggressive. The rat's hind limbs appeared mildly paretic, and it had sporadic difficulty placing its hind limbs on a flat surface. Given the rat's age, history, and physical examination findings, the primary differential diagnosis was a pituitary tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the rat's brain was performed and revealed a large pituitary mass, which was indicative of a tumor.
Treatment and Outcome—Cabergoline (0.6 mg/kg [0.27 mg/lb], PO, q 72 h) was administered. On follow-up MRI 2 months later, the pituitary mass had substantially decreased in size. For 6 months following the second MRI study, the rat continued to receive the same dosage of cabergoline and had no clinical signs of disease or unusual behavior. However, at 8.5 months after the start of the treatment, the rat was in poor condition and had clinical signs similar to those initially. A third MRI study was performed and revealed substantial regrowth of the mass. The rat was euthanized and a necropsy was performed; a histopathologic diagnosis of pituitary adenoma was made.
Clinical Relevance—Pituitary adenomas have long been recognized as a common finding in geriatric rats (> 18 months old). Affected rats may respond favorably to oral administration of cabergoline.
Assessing Weight Conservation Non-Verbally: The Problem of Conceptualization among African Children
Authors: Ezeilo Bernice N. 
Published: September 2011

This study examined the criteria used by 138 Zambian children in their responses to Furth's non-verbal weight conservation test via posttest interviews. Thirty seven and seven tenths percent of the children responded by weight, 29% by size, 4.4% by size and weight, and 1.4% by size and shape. Others either did not respond at all or gave other nonrelevant responses. Of the conservers, 46% responded by weight while 53% responded by nonweight criteria. The remaining 1% gave nonrelevant responses. All were expected to respond by weight alone. These results raise some doubt about the validity of evidence for weight conservation among African children, based on Furth's non-verbal technique. To improve communication of the weight concept, it is recommended that this test be modified to include a pretraining in size-weight discrimination. A major obstacle to the effective use of the clinical method, by the non-indigenous, for the study of cognitive processes in Third World environment is the problem of verbal communication, so attempts are made to use non-verbal methods. One such attempt was made by Heron and Simonsson (3) who used Furth's non-verbal conservation test to study weight conservation by Zambian children. Furth (2) developed this technique for studying weight conservation of deaf children. It involves essentially three stages. The first requires practice with weights of different sizes. Second, there is practice with obviously equal and obviously unequal balls of plasticine. The third stage is the test. The two practice stages were to ensure that the children had fully understood that same weight was indicated by a horizontal movement of both hands simultaneously and that a judgment of heavier must be communicated by allowing the hand to fall sharply on the table.
Proximal Tibial Fracture Following Total Knee Arthoplasty
Authors: Krause Heike , Dunleavy Kim 
Published: September 2011

The patient was a 74-year-old man, with a history of total knee arthoplasty 14 years earlier, after having sustained a pathological fracture of the proximal diaphysis of the left tibia following a fall. Given the unstable nature of the fracture and the severe osteolysis noted below the total knee arthroplasty, surgical management 1 day after the fall entailed packing cancellous bone graft into the defect and realigning the fracture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(9):695. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0418
Criteria-Based Management of an Acute Multistructure Knee Injury in a Professional Football Player: A Case Report
Authors: Yenchak A.J. , Wilk Kevin E. , Arrigo Christopher A. , Simpson Charles D. , Andrews James R. 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Case report. Background Joint stiffness, also called arthrofibrosis, remains the primary complication following any reconstructive knee surgery. Acute anterior cruciate ligament surgery, performed with concomitant multiple ligamentous repair and/or reconstruction, further increases the likelihood of developing impaired knee motion following surgery. The purpose of this case report is to present a criteria-based approach to the postoperative management of a multiligament knee injury. Case Description A 25-year-old male professional football player sustained a contact injury to his right knee while making a tackle during a regular season game in 2007. He underwent an acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, with concomitant posterolateral corner repair, biceps femoris/iliotibial band repair, lateral collateral ligament repair, and a medial meniscocapsular junction repair. He completed 17 weeks of a multiphased rehabilitation program that emphasized immediate range of motion, low-load long-duration stretching, therapeutic exercise, neuromuscular reeducation/perturbation training, plyometrics, and sport-specific functional drills. Electrical neurostimulation was implemented during the early stages of rehabilitation to control postoperative pain and to promote a steady progression of therapeutic exercise activity. Outcomes The patient was cleared to begin sport-specific activity 7 months after major multistructure reconstructive knee surgery. He began the 2008 season on the physically-unable-to-perform list, but was activated midseason and played in every game thereafter. During the 2009 and 2010 seasons, he played all regular season games and all playoff games as a starter, and continues to start as a defensive cornerback in the National Football League. Discussion This case report highlights the clinical decision-making process and management involved in an acute multiple ligamentous knee injury/reconstruction. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(9):675–686.doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3453
Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation Improves Pain, Range of Motion, and Self-Reported Function in Patients With Mechanical Neck Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cross Kevin M. , Kuenze Chris , Grindstaff Terry , Hertel Jay 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Systematic review. Background Neck pain is a common diagnosis in the physical therapy setting, yet there is no gold standard for treatment. This study is part of a growing body of literature on the use of thoracic spine thrust manipulation for the treatment of individuals with mechanical neck pain. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation on pain, range of motion, and self-reported function in patients with mechanical neck pain. Methods Six online databases were comprehensively searched from their respective inception to October 2010. The primary search terms included “thoracic mobilization,” “thoracic spine mobilization,” “thoracic manipulation,” and “thoracic spine manipulation.” Of the 44 studies assessed for inclusion, 6 randomized controlled trials were retained. Between-group mean differences and effect sizes for pretreatment-to-posttreatment change scores, using Cohen's d formula, were calculated for pain, range of motion, and subjective function at all stated time intervals. Results Effect size point estimates for the pain change scores were significant for global assessment across all studies (range, 0.38–4.03) but not conclusively significant at the end range of active rotation (range, 0.02–1.79). Effect size point estimates were large among all range-of-motion change measures (range, 1.40–3.52), and the effect size point estimates of the change scores among the functional questionnaires (range, 0.47–3.64) also indicated a significant treatment effect. Conclusions Thoracic spine thrust manipulation may provide short-term improvement in patients with acute or subacute mechanical neck pain. However, the body of literature is weak, and these results may not be generalizable. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(9):633–642. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3670
Suicide in Old Norse and Finnish Folk Stories
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Ahmadi Jamshid , Majeed Zainab Abd 
Published: September 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the folk stories of Norway, Iceland and Finland with a view to discovering accounts of suicide as an escape option from intolerable predicaments, and to compare any such accounts with material from Southern Europe. Method: The Poetic Edda (Norway/Iceland) and The Kalevala (Finland) were examined for accounts of suicide, and evidence regarding the influence of these texts and individual accounts was collected. Results: The Poetic Edda provided one account and The Kalevala three accounts of suicide performed as a means of escaping intolerable situations. Both the Poetic Edda and The Kalevala are in public awareness and have influenced the politics and culture of their respective regions. The individual suicides have been depicted in literature, music and the visual arts, from the distant past to the present time. Conclusion: Suicide as a means of escape from intolerable predicaments has been public knowledge in these regions for a millennium. This is consistent with findings from Southern Europe and substantiates that intolerable predicaments may lead to suicide.
Second-look surgery for ependymoma: the Italian experience
Authors: Massimino Maura , Solero Carlo Lazzaro , Garrè Maria Luisa , Biassoni Veronica , Cama Armando , Genitori Lorenzo , Di Rocco Concezio , Sardi Iacopo , Viscardi Elisabetta , Modena Piergiorgio , Potepan Paolo , Barra Salvina , Scarzello Giovanni , Galassi Ercole , Giangaspero Felice , Antonelli Manila , Gandola Lorenza 
Published: September 2011

Object
Complete ependymoma resection ensures a better prognosis for children with this tumor, but the complete excision of infratentorial ependymomas involves serious risks. Second-look surgery for tumor remnants may be less harmful and enable complete removal. There is a potential, although still unclear, role for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in preparation for further surgery.

Methods
Since 1994, the authors have adopted two successive protocols for intracranial ependymoma, both including a phase of adjuvant chemotherapy for children with surgical tumor remnants with a plan for potential second-look surgery before radiotherapy.

Results
In the first protocol, 9 of 63 children underwent further surgery, and 6 became tumor free with no additional sequelae. Their prognosis for progression-free survival and freedom from local relapse was comparable to that of children who were operated on only once. In the second protocol, efforts were made to achieve complete resection and 29 of 110 patients underwent reoperations: 9 after the first surgery, 17 after chemotherapy, and 3 soon after radiotherapy. Fourteen of the 29 patients became tumor free, 1 of them with worsening neurological symptoms. The outcome of the 66 patients who became tumor free after 1 operation was compared with that of the 14 who became tumor free after reoperation. The 3-year progression-free survival of the 66 patients compared with the 14 other patients was 71.4% ± 6.9% and 90% ± 9.5%, respectively; the 3-year freedom from local relapse was 84.7% ± 5.9% and 90% ± 9.5%, respectively; and the 3-year overall survival was 85.9% ± 5.4% and 87.5% ± 11.7%, respectively.

Conclusions
Second-look surgery proved feasible with no major morbidity, and results improved with time. Local tumor control was comparable in patients undergoing 1 or more resections.
Promoting cancer screening within the patient centered medical home
Authors: Sarfaty Mona , Wender Richard , Smith Robert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWhile consensus has grown that primary care is the essential access point in a high‐performing health care system, the current model of primary care underperforms in both chronic disease management and prevention. The Patient Centered Medical Home model (PCMH) is at the center of efforts to reinvent primary care practice, and is regarded as the most promising approach to addressing the burden of chronic disease, improving health outcomes, and reducing health spending. However, the potential for the medical home to improve the delivery of cancer screening (and preventive services in general) has received limited attention in both conceptualization and practice. Medical home demonstrations to date have included few evidence‐based preventive services in their outcome measures, and few have evaluated the effect of different payment models. Decreasing use of hospitals and emergency rooms and an emphasis on improving chronic care represent improvements in effective delivery of healthcare, but leave opportunities for reducing the burden of cancer untouched. Data confirm that what does or does not happen in the primary care setting has a substantial impact on cancer outcomes. Insofar as cancer is the leading cause of death before age 80, the PCMH model must prioritize adherence to cancer screening according to recommended guidelines, and systems, financial incentives, and reimbursements must be aligned to achieve that goal. This article explores capacities that are needed in the medical home model to facilitate the integration of cancer screening and other preventive services. These capacities include improved patient access and communication, health risk assessments, periodic preventive health exams, use of registries that store cancer risk information and screening history, ability to track and follow up on tests and referrals, feedback on performance, and payment models that reward cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Effect of Microwave Calcinations on Barium Hexaferrite Synthesized via Sol-Gel Combustion
Authors: Kanagesan S. , Jesurani S. , Sivakumar M. , Thirupathi C. , Kalaivani T. 
Published: September 2011

In the present work we have shown a novel Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19 - BaF) powder synthesized by a sol-gel combustion route using metal nitrates and D-Fructose. BaFe12O19 precursor was calcined using microwave furnace at 900°C for 10 minutes. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), whose results indicate that they have well crystalline phase of barium hexaferrite, the diameter of the hexagonal platelet-like structure ranges from 50 to 100 nm. Magnetic measurements showed that the coercivity was 5558.6 Oe and saturation magnetization was 55.20 emu/g. Magnetic measurements for the barium hexaferrite showed enhanced coercivity.Keywords: Sol-gel combustion; Hexaferrite; D-Fructose; Remanent magnetization; Precursor.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.6483 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 451-456 (2011)