bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Verbal and Social Interaction questionnaire: carers' focus in the carer–resident relationship in supported housing facilities for persons with psychiatric disabilities (VSI‐SH)
Authors: BRUNT D. , RASK M. 
Published: May 2012

Accessible summary
A questionnaire to measure the verbal and social interactions between carers and residents in supported housing facilities for persons with psychiatric disabilities has been developed from an earlier version for use in forensic psychiatric settings.
The aim of the present study was to investigate how valid and reliable this new adapted version of the questionnaire is for use in supported housing facilities.
A factor analysis was performed resulting in six factors. The number of items was reduced from the original 47 to 30. The resulting six factors and the items were compared to the conceptual model and four of the six factors corresponded well with the categories in this original theoretical model.
The questionnaire can be a useful contribution to the study of interactions between carers and residents in supported housing facilities for persons with psychiatric disabilities.
AbstractA questionnaire to measure the verbal and social interactions between carers and residents in supported housing facilities for persons with psychiatric disabilities has been developed. It is an adaptation of a questionnaire originally used in a forensic psychiatric setting. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate the construct validity and the reliability of this new version of the Verbal and Social Interactions questionnaire for use in supported housing facilities (VSI‐SH). Two hundred and twenty‐three carers from municipal and privately run housing facilities completed the questionnaire. A factor analysis was performed, which resulted in six factors. The number of items was reduced from the original 47 to 30 in order to minimize factorial complexity and multiple loadings. The reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha and good internal consistency for the questionnaire and five of the six factors was found. The resulting six factors and the items were compared to the conceptual model and four of the six factors corresponded well with the categories in this original theoretical model. The questionnaire can be a useful contribution to the study of interactions between carers and residents in supported housing facilities for persons with psychiatric disabilities.
The Alps in the Cretaceous: a doubly vergent pre‐collisional orogen
Authors: Zanchetta Stefano , Garzanti Eduardo , Doglioni Carlo , Zanchi Andrea 
Published: May 2012

Terra Nova, 24, 351–356, 2012AbstractCurrent palaeotectonic models see the Alps chiefly as a collisional orogen, with the Southalpine retrobelt developed only as a post‐collisional feature. New structural and geochronological data show, instead, that the continental margin of Africa‐Adria was being structured as a doubly vergent orogen during subduction of Alpine Tethys in the Cretaceous, tens of million years before collision with Europe. Subduction is envisaged here to have nucleated in the latest Albian/Cenomanian within the attenuated Adriatic margin. Most continental slivers exhumed as eclogites in the axial part of the Cretaceous orogen contain gabbros and relics of HT/LP metamorphic rocks, indicating inheritance from Permian to Jurassic rifting. Cretaceous shortening in the Southalpine retrobelt is indicated by several lines of evidence, including orogen‐derived turbidites and syn‐sedimentary compressional activity since the Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous pseudotachylytes dating major S/SE‐verging thick‐skinned thrusts, and widespread fold‐and‐thrust deformation cut by Eocene plutons and dikes.
PHO1 expression in guard cells mediates the stomatal response to abscisic acid in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zimmerli Céline , Ribot Cécile , Vavasseur Alain , Bauer Hubert , Hedrich Rainer , Poirier Yves 
Published: May 2012

SummaryStomatal opening and closing are driven by ion fluxes that cause changes in guard cell turgor and volume. This process is, in turn, regulated by environmental and hormonal signals, including light and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Here, we present genetic evidence that expression of PHO1 in guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana is required for full stomatal responses to ABA. PHO1 is involved in the export of phosphate into the root xylem vessels and, as a result, the pho1 mutant is characterized by low shoot phosphate levels. In leaves, PHO1 was found expressed in guard cells and up‐regulated following treatment with ABA. The pho1 mutant was unaffected in production of reactive oxygen species following ABA treatment, and in stomatal movements in response to light cues, high extracellular calcium, auxin, and fusicoccin. However, stomatal movements in response to ABA treatment were severely impaired, both in terms of induction of closure and inhibition of opening. Micro‐grafting a pho1 shoot scion onto wild‐type rootstock resulted in plants with normal shoot growth and phosphate content, but failed to restore normal stomatal response to ABA treatment. PHO1 knockdown using RNA interference specifically in guard cells of wild‐type plants caused a reduced stomatal response to ABA. In agreement, specific expression of PHO1 in guard cells of pho1 plants complemented the mutant guard cell phenotype and re‐established ABA sensitivity, although full functional complementation was dependent on shoot phosphate sufficiency. Together, these data reveal an important role for phosphate and the action of PHO1 in the stomatal response to ABA.
Scientific productivity of OECD countries in dermatology journals within the last 10‐year period
Authors: Tasli Levent , Kacar Nida , Aydemir Ertugrul H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  Scientific productivity is closely related to gross income, population, and cultures of the countries. Every country, more or less, has a responsibility of contributing to science.Materials and methods  The publications, citations received, and the h‐index under the category of “dermatology” in 43 journals between the years of 1999–2003 and 2004–2008 according to the ISI JCR data of 2008 were examined individually for each OECD country.Results  In the journals under the category of “dermatology” between the years of 1999 and 2008, there were 89,319 publications, 76,899 of which were published by OECD countries. USA ranks first with 27,109 publications and 196,002 citations; Germany, Japan, England, and France are the other countries among the top five, respectively. Regarding the number of publications, Turkey and Korea are among the top 10 by surpassing many Northern European countries. With regard to h‐index and citations, Northern European countries and Canada rank among the top 10, while Japan, Spain, Turkey, and Korea rank behind. The number of publications showed a significant correlation with the number of citations, population, gross domestic product, and h‐index.Conclusions  Nearly half of all publications were performed by the European origin OECD countries, and one‐third of all publications were performed by USA. Journals from Germany and France, which are published in their own language, receive fewer citations, but they contribute a lot to these countries with respect to the number of publications.
Atopic dermatitis: correlation between non‐damaged skin barrier function and disease activity
Authors: Addor Flavia A.S. , Takaoka Roberto , Rivitti Evandro A. , Aoki Valeria 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic dermatosis, predominant in childhood, characterized by pruritus and eczematous‐type lesions with xerosis as the prominent clinical sign.Objectives  To analyze the correlation between biophysical measurements of skin barrier function and other assessment criteria of clinical severity according to Rajka and Langeland’s criteria.Methods  Biophysical measurements [transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and corneometry] were obtained from 120 patients with the diagnosis of AD. Serum levels of IgE were also evaluated.Results  A significant correlation between corneometry, TEWL, and clinical severity of AD was found. Data showed an inverse correlation between corneometry, TEWL, and AD severity, and a significant difference (P < 0.001) between mean of corneometry and TEWL and AD severity (mild, moderate, and severe). As for IgE levels, corneometry had significant negative correlation, in contrast with TEWL, which showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001).Conclusion  Biophysical measurements of skin barrier in non‐lesional skin of AD may work as an evaluation factor for AD severity.
Natural coniferous resin salve used to treat complicated surgical wounds: pilot clinical trial on healing and costs
Authors: Sipponen Arno , Kuokkanen Opri , Tiihonen Raine , Kauppinen Harri , Jokinen Janne J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractResin is a natural product of coniferous trees. Salves manufactured from spruce resin (Picea abies) have been used for centuries to treat wounds and skin infections. We report a pilot clinical trial designed to investigate healing rates, factors that contribute to delayed wound healing, cost‐effectiveness, and incidence of allergic reactions when resin salve is used to treat complicated surgical wounds. The trial involved 23 patients in whom wound healing after surgery was delayed. These patients were assigned to resin salve treatment. The primary outcome measure was the number of days to complete wound healing. Secondary objectives included an assessment of factors contributing to delayed wound healing, an estimation of associated costs, and an investigation into the occurrence of allergic reactions related to resin salve therapy. The study achieved a healing rate of 100%. The mean ± SD healing time was 43 ± 24 days. The mean ± SD wound size (length × width × depth) was (29 ± 19) × (12 ± 7) × (4 ± 3) mm. Wound size, use of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants, and immobilization were statistically significant (P < 0.05) contributors to delayed wound healing and impaired re‐epithelialization. The total mean ± SD costs of the resin salve treatment were €45.0 ± 26.0 per patient during the entire treatment period and €1.2 ± 0.5 per treatment day. The rate of allergic reactions was 0%. The results of this pilot trial indicate that complicated surgical wounds may be treated successfully with resin salve. The treatment method is clinically effective and cost‐effective, and the rate of allergic reactions is low.
Novel Genetic Markers of the Carbonic Anhydrase II Gene Associated with Egg Production and Reproduction Traits in Tsaiya Ducks
Authors: Chang M‐T , Cheng Y‐S , Huang M‐C 
Published: May 2012

ContentsIn our previous cDNA microarray study, we found that the carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) gene is one of the differentially expressed transcripts in the duck isthmus epithelium during egg formation period. The aim of this study was to identify the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CA2 gene of Tsaiya ducks. The relationship of SNP genotype with egg production and reproduction traits was also investigated. A total of 317 ducks from two lines, a control line with no selection and a selected line, were employed for testing. Three SNPs (C37T, A62G and A65G) in the 3′‐untranslated region of the CA2 gene were found. SNP–trait association analysis showed that SNP C37T and A62G were associated with duck egg weight besides fertility. The ducks with the CT and AG genotypes had a 1.46 and 1.62 g/egg lower egg weight as compared with ducks with the CC and AA genotypes, respectively (p < 0.05). But the ducks with CT and AG genotypes had 5.20% and 4.22% higher fertility than those with CC and AA genotypes, respectively (p < 0.05). Diplotype constructed on these three SNPs was associated with duck fertility, and the diplotype H1H4 was dominant for duck fertility. These findings might provide the basis for balanced selection and may be used in marker‐assisted selection to improve egg weight and fertility simultaneously in the Tsaiya ducks.
Detection of Neurotrophin‐4 (NT‐4) in Ejaculated Bull Spermatozoa and its Effect on Spermatozoa Mitochondrial Activity
Authors: Wang C‐Q , Zhang J , Sun Y‐F , Wang D , Li C‐J , Li W‐H , Lu C , Liu Z , Wu H , Hou X‐F , Chen C , Zhou X 
Published: May 2012

ContentsRecently, we demonstrated that two members of neurotrophins, nerve growth factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, and two types of receptor, tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) and tyrosine kinase (TrkB), exist in ejaculated bull spermatozoa, and play a crucial role in the normal function of spermatozoa. Neurotrophin‐4 (NT‐4) is another neurotrophic factor that signals predominantly through the TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase, and no reports of detection of NT‐4 in spermatozoa have been published. In the present study, the presence of NT‐4 in mature bull spermatozoa was investigated using RT‐PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The result shows that there was no RT‐PCR evidence for NT‐4 transcripts in bovine spermatozoa. However, the NT‐4 protein was present in bovine spermatozoa, and the NT‐4 immunoreactivity was localized to the equatorial segment and midpiece of bovine spermatozoa. In addition, effects of NT‐4 on function of spermatozoa were studied. Significant increased mitochondria activity of mature bovine spermatozoa was observed in response to 300 or 500 ng/ml exogenous NT‐4 (p < 0.05), in comparison with the control, while addition of inhibitors (40 ng/ml k252α) specific for tyrosine protein kinase significantly blocked the increase of mitochondria activity. However, NT‐4 had no effects on the viability or acrosome reaction of spermatozoa (p > 0.05). Consequently, this study provided evidence that NT‐4 protein was presented in the mature bull spermatozoa and can influence the mitochondrial activity of bovine spermatozoa through TrkB tyrosine kinase–dependent pathways.
Life estimation model of a cantilevered beam subjected to complex random vibration
Authors: PAULUS M. , DASGUPTA A. , HABTOUR ED 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAn analytic methodology was developed to predict the fatigue life of a structure experiencing stationary, Gaussian random vibration excitation. This method allows the estimation of fatigue life using a frequency domain method, where only the input power spectral density and damping factor are required. The methodology uses linear elastic fracture mechanics for fatigue crack propagation and accounts for the frequency shifting that occurs due to fatigue crack evolution. Good results have been obtained comparing the analytic model to both finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental results, for mild‐steel cantilever beams.
Diversity of thalamic progenitor cells and postmitotic neurons
Authors: Nakagawa Yasushi , Shimogori Tomomi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe vertebrate thalamus contains multiple sensory nuclei, and relays sensory information to corresponding cortical areas. Moreover, the thalamus actively regulates information transmission to the cortex by modulating the response magnitude, firing mode and synchrony of neurons according to behavioral demands. The thalamus serves many other functions including motor control, learning and memory, and emotion. Such functional importance of the thalamus necessitates a better understanding of its developmental mechanisms. In this review, we will first describe the morphological organization of the developing thalamus. We will then discuss how neuronal diversity is generated and nuclei are formed during thalamic development. The first step in generating neuronal diversity is the formation of spatial diversity of thalamic progenitor cells, which is controlled by locally‐expressed signaling molecules such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Wnt proteins and Fgf8. Lastly we will describe the roles of several transcription factors in specification of neuronal identity and nuclei formation in the thalamus. Our review will provide a molecular perspective for the organization of the thalamus prior to thalamus–cortex circuit formation.
Mechanisms controlling the guidance of thalamocortical axons through the embryonic forebrain
Authors: Molnár Zoltán , Garel Sonia , López‐Bendito Guillermina , Maness Patricia , Price David J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThalamocortical axons must cross a complex cellular terrain through the developing forebrain, and this terrain has to be understood for us to learn how thalamocortical axons reach their destinations. Selective fasciculation, guidepost cells and various diencephalic and telencephalic gradients have been implicated in thalamocortical guidance. As our understanding of the relevant forebrain patterns has increased, so has our knowledge of the guidance mechanisms. Our aim here is to review recent observations of cellular and molecular mechanisms related to: the growth of thalamofugal projections to the ventral telencephalon, thalamic axon avoidance of the hypothalamus and extension into the telencephalon to form the internal capsule, the crossing of the pallial–subpallial boundary, and the growth towards the cerebral cortex. We shall review current theories for the explanation of the maintenance and alteration of topographic order in the thalamocortical projections to the cortex. It is now increasingly clear that several mechanisms are involved at different stages of thalamocortical development, and each contributes substantially to the eventual outcome. Revealing the molecular and cellular mechanisms can help to link specific genes to details of actual developmental mechanisms.
‘Being young’: a qualitative study of younger nurses' experiences in the workplace
Authors: Clendon J. , Walker L. 
Published: May 2012

CLENDON J. & WALKER L. (2012) ‘Being young’: a qualitative study of younger nurses' experiences in the workplace. International Nursing ReviewAim:  The overall goal of this study was to obtain a greater understanding of the experiences of nurses aged under 30 in the New Zealand workforce with a view to developing age‐appropriate retention strategies.Background:  Nurses aged under 30 constitute around 10% of the world's nursing workforce yet little is known about their experiences in the workplace. Poor retention of younger nurses is a cause for concern. The implications of the perceptions and needs of this generation of nurses must be considered in order to ensure effective succession planning.Methods:  An explorative descriptive design framed within a broad qualitative methodology was utilized to explore experiences of younger nurses in the New Zealand workforce. Data were analysed thematically.Findings and discussion:  Findings are reported under five themes: challenges of nursing, rewards of nursing, being young, coping and addressing generational differences. The study provides new knowledge about the experiences of younger nurses in the workforce and in particular the challenges facing younger Asian nurses.Conclusions:  Managers and nurse leaders must address broader workforce issues as well as improving support for younger nurses to help improve younger nurse retention. Strategies designed to extend and challenge younger nurses in the workplace such as professional development and project work will also help, but will only be effective if nurses are given sufficient paid time to undertake this work. Being Asian provides added challenges for younger nurses in New Zealand and further research into the experiences of this subgroup is highly recommended.
The Moral Foundation of Law and the Ethos of Liberal Democracies
Authors: MINEUR DIDIER 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with the connection between law and morality. Such a connection is relevant for political theory, since demonstrating that law necessarily implies a claim to justice would require fundamental rights to be considered the horizon of any legal system, instead of being considered as dependent on the axiological context of liberal democracies. The paper approaches the controversy starting from an overview of the work of the German philosopher Robert Alexy, in particular his attempt to establish an analytical link between law and morality, and to this end considers law as a speech act with a claim to correctness. It then examines the critique put forward by Joseph Raz, that points out the lack of objectivity of this claim to correctness. In order to establish a moral foundation for law, the paper argues that it is necessary to take account of Karl‐Otto Apel's attempt to establish the transcendental foundation of language, as well as of Habermas' critique of that attempt. In conclusion, it is argued that the debate about a possible link between law and morality sheds new light on contemporary debates on liberal justification in political theory.
The Embedded Epistemologist: Dispatches from the Legal Front*
Authors: HAACK SUSAN 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn ordinary circumstances, we can assess the worth of evidence well enough without benefit of any theory; but when evidence is especially complex, ambiguous, or emotionally disturbing—as it often is in legal contexts—epistemological theory may be helpful. A legal fact‐finder is asked to determine whether the proposition that the defendant is guilty, or is liable, is established to the required degree of proof by the [admissible] evidence presented; i.e., to make an epistemological appraisal. The foundherentist theory developed inEvidence and Inquirycan help us understand what this means; and reveals that degrees of proof cannot be construed as mathematical probabilities: a point illustrated by comparing the advantages of a foundherentist analysis with the disadvantages of probabilistic analyses of the evidence in the Sacco and Vanzetti case (1921), and of the role of the statistical evidence inCollins(1968).
From Latin to Romance: Configurationality, Functional Categories and Head‐Marking
Authors: Ledgeway Adam 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTraditionally, the principal typological difference between Latin and Romance is taken to involve a distinction between morphology and syntax: while Latin predominantly has recourse to synthetic structures, the morphologically poorer Romance varieties make greater use of analytic structures. In this paper I reconsider this traditional theme of Romance linguistics and its repercussions on argument realisation and positional licensing, showing that the predominant analytic patterns of Romance are nothing more than the partial reflex of a more deep‐rooted structural change.A priori, this change can be interpreted in terms of at least two competing theoretical explanations, on the one hand the emergence of full configurationality and concomitant projection of functional structure, and a change in the head‐directionality parameter with a concomitant shift from specifier‐ to head‐oriented syntax in the domain of functional structure on the other. Following a critical review of the former, it is argued that the relevant changes in the passage from Latin to Romance are best characterised in relation to the latter theory, which also offers a highly natural way of capturing claims about a move from dependent‐ to head‐marking.