bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable FZD7 expression in colorectal cancers indicates regulation by the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Vincan Elizabeth , Flanagan Dustin J. , Pouliot Normand , Brabletz Thomas , Spaderna Simone 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRecent evidence shows that a sub‐population of Wnt/β‐catenin target genes is specifically induced in different tissue contexts. FZD7 is a putative Wnt/β‐catenin target gene and although it is highly expressed in well‐differentiated colorectal cancer tumour cells, its expression is decreased in de‐differentiated tumour cells at the invasive front despite elevated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in this area. This variable expression of FZD7 implicates additional regulation by the microenvironment; however, this has not been investigated. To begin to elucidate the role of extracellular matrix in regulating FZD7 expression, we generated a FZD7 promoter reporter and analysed FZD7 promoter activity in colorectal cancer cells grown on different matrices. We demonstrate that the FZD7 promoter is regulated by β‐catenin in colorectal cancer cells and observed decreased promoter activity in cells grown on fibronectin but not collagen I or collagen IV. Thus, expression of FZD7 in colorectal cancer may be regulated by fibronectin in the microenvironment. Developmental Dynamics 239:311–317, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Axin2 indicates a role for canonical Wnt signaling in development of the crown and root during pre‐ and postnatal tooth development
Authors: Lohi Mahtab , Tucker Abigail S. , Sharpe Paul T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPreviously two reporter mice, TOPgal and BATgal, have been used to uncover the spatial patterns of canonical Wnt activity up to the bell stage of tooth development. To further understand the function of this pathway, not only at the early developmental stages of odontogenesis but also in postnatal teeth, we have used Axin2‐lacZ mice a direct reporter of canonical Wnt activity. As tooth development progresses, Axin2 expression becomes localized to the primary and secondary enamel knots, and the underlying mesenchyme. In postnatal teeth, Axin2 expression is observed in developing odontoblasts, in the dental pulp and concentrated around the developing roots. Expression is excluded from the ameloblasts and associated with the enamel‐free zones at the tip of the molar cusps. This expression identifies new roles for Wnt signaling in defining the regions where enamel will form, and controlling root development at late stages of tooth development. Developmental Dynamics 239:160–167, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two New Imidazole‐Based Heteroscorpionate Ligands
Authors: Fischer Nina V. , Heinemann Frank W. , Burzlaff Nicolai 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe syntheses of two novel imidazole‐based N,N,Oand N,N,S ligands, 2,2‐bis(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)ethanol (Hbmie) and lithium bis(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)dithioacetate Li[bmidta], are described. The coordination properties of the two new ligands are studied by the synthesis of rhenium(I) and ruthenium(II) complexes. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of Hbmie, Li[bmidta] together with bis(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)methane (bmim) and [Re(bmie)(CO)3] are provided, too.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New C602– Fulleride: [K(DB24C8)(DME)]2C60·DME
Authors: Kozhemyakina Nina V. , Nuss Jürgen , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe “break‐and‐seal” approach was applied to synthesize the new fulleride [K(DB24C8)(DME)]2C60·DME by reacting fullerene C60 with potassium and dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8) in dimethoxyethane (DME). Single crystals were grown from solution by the modified “temperature difference method”, single‐crystal X‐ray analysis was performed revealing the structure [C2/c, Z = 4, a = 31.133(4), b = 15.127(2), c = 21.433(3) Å, β = 117.506(3)°, R1 = 0.056, wR(all) = 0.171, 8459 independent reflections]. Due to crystal symmetry, the C602– anion is disordered between two well distinguishable orientations. The distribution of the bond lengths within the fullerene is discussed and attributed to a Jahn–Teller distortion.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Histidine Analog Amino Acids Providing Metal‐Binding Sites Derived from Bioinorganic Model Systems
Authors: Nadler André , Hain Christina , Diederichsen Ulf 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMetalloproteins are of utmost importance for nearly all biological processes. Valuable information about their functionalities came from mutagenesis studies and led to the de novo design of artificial proteins. Advances in peptide chemistry enable the total synthesis of complete proteins and allow the incorporation of non‐proteinogenic amino acids. Chelating amino acids utilized to introduce artificial metal‐binding sites into proteins should mimic the side chains of the natural residues in order to minimize structural consequences within the target proteins. In this paper a synthetic method is described for the preparation of amino acids bearing a metal ligand system connected to the β‐carbon via triazole formation. Thereby, a histidine isoster is generated with an additional metal‐binding site in proximity to the peptide backbone. Two representative building blocks bearing the ligands triazacyclononane (tacn) and bis(picoloyl)‐amine (bpa) were synthesized and incorporated into model peptides.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Photopatternable Carbon Electrodes for Chip‐Based Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Gonzalez Carlos F. , Cropek Donald M. , Henry Charles S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPresented is the preparation and initial characterization of carbonaceous electrodes prepared using photolithographic techniques. The electrodes were created using a graphite doped photoresist mixture which allowed for direct electrode patterning. The electrodes were tested using cyclic voltammetry with a Fe(CN)$\rm{ {_{6}^{3-/4-}}}$ test solution and were found to exhibit a linear response as per the Randles–Sevick relation. The feasibility of using these electrodes to conduct biological assays was demonstrated with p‐aminophenol, a common analyte in electrochemical ELISAs, using differential pulse voltammetry.
Effect of the nature of the single‐isomer anionic CD and the BGE composition on the enantiomeric separation of β‐blockers in NACE
Authors: Rousseau Anne , Chiap Patrice , Oprean Radu , Crommen Jacques , Fillet Marianne , Servais Anne‐Catherine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe separation of ten β‐blockers has been investigated in NACE systems using heptakis(2,3‐di‐O‐methyl‐6‐O‐sulfo)‐β‐CD (HDMS‐β‐CD) and heptakis(2,3‐di‐O‐acetyl‐6‐O‐sulfo)‐β‐CD (HDAS‐β‐CD). The influence on enantioresolution, mobility difference and selectivity of the nature of both anionic CD and BGE anion as well as their concentrations were studied by means of a multivariate approach. A D‐optimal design with 25 experimental points was applied. For all studied analytes, the enantiomeric resolution was shown to be significantly influenced by both CD nature and concentration. Except for two compounds, HDAS‐β‐CD was found to give higher enantioresolution values than HDMS‐β‐CD. The best enantioseparation for all compounds was achieved in the presence of a high chiral selector concentration and for most of them at a low BGE anion concentration. For each investigated compound, operating conditions leading to the best enantiomeric resolution were deduced. A generic NACE system was then recommended, namely 10 mM ammonium acetate and 40 mM HDAS‐β‐CD in methanol acidified with 0.75 M formic acid. This generic system was able to completely resolve the enantiomers of all β‐blockers, with a Rs value of at least 4. Finally, the optimal conditions obtained modelling resolution, mobility difference and selectivity were compared.
Inducible character of β‐xylanase in a hyperproducing mutant of Thermomyces lanuginosus
Authors: Santhosh Kumar Kuttanpillai , Permaul Kugen , Singh Suren 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTen strains of Thermomyces lanuginosus from various culture collections were evaluated for extracellular endo‐β‐1,4‐xylanase production. The best xylanase producer (5771±173 nkat/mL) T. lanuginosus SK, was subjected to UV and N‐methyl‐N‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. A mutant strain T. lanuginosus MC134, that showed on oatspelts xylan a 1.5 fold higher xylanase production than the parent strain SK, was subjected to a study of the regulation of xylanase synthesis during growth on various carbohydrates and during induction in glucose‐grown cells. In the growth experiments the highest production of xylanase was observed in the presence of xylans, however, an appreciable amount of the enzyme, about 10%, was also produced during growth on xylose. Xylobiose was found to be the most efficient xylanase inducer in the glucose‐grown cells. Its induction efficiency was followed by xylose, beechwood and birchwood xylan. Xylanase induction by polysaccharides started several hours later but proceeded for a longer time than that induced by the low molecular mass inducers, indicating that the polysaccharides serve as more sustainable source of inducers and that they have to be first hydrolyzed by the low level of constitutively synthesized xylanase. The repression of the induction of xylanase by glucose confirmed that the xylanase synthesis in the mutant strain is similar to the parent strain and exhibits an induction‐repression regulation mechanism.
Further development of a multimodal pushover analysis procedure for seismic assessment of bridges
Authors: Paraskeva Themelina S. , Kappos Andreas J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn improvement is first suggested to the modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure for bridges initially proposed by the writers (Earthquake Engng Struct. Dyn. 2006; 35(11):1269–1293), the key idea being that the deformed shape of the structure responding inelastically to the considered earthquake level is used in lieu of the elastic mode shape. The proposed MPA procedure is then verified by applying it to two actual bridges. The first structure is the Krystallopigi bridge, a 638 m‐long multi‐span bridge, with significant curvature in plan, unequal pier heights, and different types of pier‐to‐deck connections. The second structure is a 100 m‐long three‐span overpass bridge, typical in modern motorway construction in Europe, which, although ostensibly a regular structure, is found to exhibit a rather unsymmetric response in the transverse direction, mainly due to torsional irregularity. The bridges are assessed using response spectrum, ‘standard’ pushover (SPA), and MPA, and finally using non‐linear response history analysis (NL‐RHA) for a number of spectrum‐compatible motions. The MPA provided a good estimate of the maximum inelastic deck displacement for several earthquake intensities. The SPA on the other hand could not predict well the inelastic deck displacements of bridges wherever the contribution of the first mode to the response of the bridge was relatively low. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Desmids of Southern Himachal Pradesh of Indo‐Western Himalaya
Authors: Dwivedi R. K. , Shukla Ch. P. , Misra P. K. , Shukla S. K. , Seth M. K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThirty nine taxa of Class Chlorophyceae (Order Zygnematales, Family Desmidiaceae) collected from different aquatic habitats of Sirmaur, Solan, Shimla, Una, Hamirpur, Bilaspur and Mandi districts of Himachal Pradesh, India have been described. These taxa belong to six genera viz. Closterium Nitzsch (three species, two varieties), Pleurotaenium Nägeli (two spp.), Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (18 spp., ten var.), Micrasterias C.Agardh (one sp.), Spondylosium Bréb. (one sp.) and Euastrum Ehrenb. (one sp., one var.). 38 taxa are being reported for the first time from the state of Himachal Pradesh out of which 28 taxa are of Cosmarium indicating that water bodies of Southern Himachal Pradesh are clean (oligotrophic) and need to protect. Overall presence of desmids reveals the oligotrophic nature of water bodies. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tufted stellate hairs in Valeriana tomentosa Kunth
Authors: Weberling F. , Salzer E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the general characteristics of the family Valerianaceae the occurrence of “stellate hairs” described by the authors of Valeriana tomentosa Kunth and V. malvaceae Graebn. still remains unconsidered. Beyond their diagnostic value, however, it is interesting, that at least the specific ontogeny and anatomical structure of the “stellate hairs” of V. tomentosa corresponds very well with similar trichomes known for several other taxa of Dipsacales, namely species of Viburnum (Viburnaceae) and some Dipsacaceae (Cephalaria, Scabiosa). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antipsychotics and risk of cerebrovascular events in treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in Hong Kong: a hospital‐based, retrospective, cohort study
Authors: Chan Man‐chak , Chong Catherine Shiu‐yin , Wu Anna Ying‐king , Wong Kai‐choi , Dunn Eva Lai‐wah , Tang Orlando Wai‐nang , Chan Wah‐fat 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of cerebrovascular adverse events (CVAEs) in patients with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics in Hong KongMethodThis was a retrospective cohort study. Patients aged 65 or above, diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, vascular or mixed dementia, and first attended the psychiatric service of our unit between 1st January 2000 to 30th June 2007 were studied. The patients were divided into three groups according to their antipsychotic usage. They were compared on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The risk of CVAEs was studied by means of Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe studied cohort consisted of 1089 patients. The antipsychotic non‐user, typical and atypical users groups consisted of 363, 654 and 72 patients, respectively. Incidence rate of CVAE for the three groups were 44.6/1000, 32.7/1000 and 49.6/1000 person years, respectively. The risk of developing CVAEs did not differ in typical or atypical antipsychotic user groups compared with non‐user group. The adjusted hazard ratio of typical and atypical antipsychotic user groups were 0.964 (95% CI = 0.584–1.591) and 1.036 (95% CI = 0.350–3.066), respectively. Subgroup analyses of individual antipsychotic did not show a significant increase in risk of CVAEs.ConclusionThis study showed that there was no statistical difference in risk of cerebrovascular events in treatment of BPSD with typical and atypical antipsychotics compared with non‐user group. Nonetheless, given the side effects of antipsychotics, prescription of antipsychotics should be reserved for severe and distressing symptoms with careful consideration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Search costs and Medicare plan choice
Authors: McCarthy Ian M. , Tchernis Rusty 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThere is increasing evidence suggesting that Medicare beneficiaries do not make fully informed decisions when choosing among alternative Medicare health plans. To the extent that deciphering the intricacies of alternative plans consumes time and money; the Medicare health plan market is one in which search costs may play an important role. To account for this, we split beneficiaries into two groups – those who are informed and those who are uninformed. If uninformed, beneficiaries only use a subset of covariates to compute their maximum utilities, and if informed, they use the full set of variables considered. In a Bayesian framework with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, we estimate search cost coefficients based on the minimum and maximum statistics of the search cost distribution, incorporating both horizontal differentiation and information heterogeneities across eligibles. Our results suggest that, conditional on being uninformed, older, higher income beneficiaries with lower self‐reported health status are more likely to utilize easier access to information. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The integration of thermal infrared imaging, discharge measurements and numerical simulation to quantify the relative contributions of freshwater inflows to small estuaries in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Danielescu Serban , MacQuarrie Kerry T. B. , Faux Russell N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNutrient fluxes from developed catchments are often a significant factor in the declining water quality and ecological functioning in estuaries. Determining the relative contributions of surface water and groundwater discharge to nutrient‐sensitive estuaries is required because these two pathways may be characterized by different nutrient concentrations and temporal variability, and may thus require different remedial actions. Quantifying the volumetric discharge of groundwater, which may occur via diffuse seepage or springs, remains a significant challenge. In this contribution, the total discharge of freshwater, including groundwater, to two small nutrient‐sensitive estuaries in Prince Edward Island (Canada) is assessed using a unique combination of airborne thermal infrared imaging, direct discharge measurements in streams and shoreline springs, and numerical simulation of groundwater flow. The results of the thermal infrared surveys indicate that groundwater discharge occurs at discrete locations (springs) along the shoreline of both estuaries, which can be attributed to the fractured sandstone bedrock aquifer. The discharge measured at a sub‐set of the springs correlates well with the area of the thermal signal attributed to each discharge location and this information was used to determine the total spring discharge to each estuary. Stream discharge is shown to be the largest volumetric contribution of freshwater to both estuaries (83% for Trout River estuary and 78% for McIntyre Creek estuary); however, groundwater discharge is significant at between 13% and 18% of the total discharge. Comparison of the results from catchment‐scale groundwater flow models and the analysis of spring discharge suggest that diffuse seepage to both estuaries comprises only about 25% of the total groundwater discharge. The methods employed in this research provide a useful framework for determining the relative volumetric contributions of surface water and groundwater to small estuaries and the findings are expected to be relevant to other fractured sandstone coastal catchments in Atlantic Canada. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological variability in the Amazon drainage basin and African tropical basins
Authors: Molinier Michel , Ronchail Josyane , Guyot Jean Loup , Cochonneau Gérard , Guimaraes Valdemar , de Oliveira Eurides 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLong‐term monthly mean rainfall and water discharge data from about 50 rain gauge stations and approximately the same number of hydrometric stations in the Amazon drainage basin were systematically analysed. The longest records approached 100 years in length. Comparison with climatic indices derived from the Tropical Pacific (Southern Oscillation Index—SOI) and the Atlantic [sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies] reveals the influence of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on the variability of Amazonian hydrological regimes. This influence, however, may be strengthened by the tropical Atlantic SST. A similar study of several big rivers in Africa shows that the influence of ENSO is weaker in that continent. The hydrological variability of these streams is better explained by South Atlantic surface temperature anomalies. The Atlantic Ocean could act as a relay between the Pacific and the African continents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water uptake and nutrient concentrations under a floodplain oak savanna during a non‐flood period, lower Cedar River, Iowa
Authors: Schilling Keith E. , Jacobson Peter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFloodplains during non‐flood periods are less well documented than when flooding occurs, but non‐flood periods offer opportunities to investigate vegetation controls on water and nutrient cycling. In this study, we characterized water uptake and nutrient concentration patterns from 2005 to 2007 under an oak savanna located on the floodplain of the Cedar River in Muscatine County, Iowa. The water table ranged from 0·5 to 2·5 m below ground surface and fluctuated in response to stream stage, plant water demand and rainfall inputs. Applying the White method to diurnal water table fluctuations, daily ET from groundwater averaged more than 3·5 mm/day in June and July and approximately 2 mm/day in May and August. Total annual ET averaged 404 mm for a growing season from mid‐May to mid‐October. Savanna groundwater concentrations of nitrate‐N, ammonium‐N, and phosphate‐P were very low (mean <0·18, <0·14, <0·08 mg/l, respectively), whereas DOC concentrations were high (7·1 mg/l). Low concentrations of N and P were in contrast to high nutrient concentrations in the nearby Cedar River, where N and P averaged 7·5 mg/l and 0·13, respectively. In regions dominated by intensive agriculture, study results document valuable ecosystem services for native floodplain ecosystems in reducing watershed‐scale nutrient losses and providing an oasis for biological complexity. Improved understanding of the environmental conditions of regionally significant habitats, including major controls on water table elevations and water quality, offers promise for better management aimed at preserving the ecology of these important habitats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transactivation and expression patterns of Jun and Fos/AP‐1 super‐family proteins in human oral cancer
Authors: Mishra Alok , Bharti Alok C. , Saluja Daman , Das Bhudev C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTranscription factor activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) super‐family is known to modulate expression of array of genes during development of many cancers and considered as an important target for modern therapeutics. But the role of AP‐1 during development of human oral cancers is still poorly understood. Because oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in India and south‐east Asia, we studied the activation and expression pattern of AP‐1 family of proteins and mRNA in different stages of oral carcinogenesis. Gel‐shift assay, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and northern blotting have been used to assess the binding activity and expression pattern of AP‐1 family (c‐Jun, JunB, JunD, c‐Fos, FosB, Fra‐1 and Fra‐2) proteins and mRNA transcripts in a total of 100 fresh oral tissue specimens comprising precancer (n = 40), cancer (n = 50) and healthy control (n = 10). Constitutive activation of AP‐1 with concomitant upregulated expression of majority of AP‐1 family of proteins and mRNA was observed in cancer cases. Interestingly, almost all precancerous cases showed JunD homodimers, whereas c‐Fos/JunD was the most prevalent complex found in cancer tissues. The overexpression of EGFR mRNA, p50:p50/NF‐κB homodimer formation, together with overexpression of pERK and c‐Fos proteins in this study suggests an interesting cross talk between AP‐1 and NF‐κB pathways in oral cancers. Thus, this study demonstrates differential expression and activation of AP‐1 super‐family proteins in relation to severity of lesion and their crucial role in human oral carcinogenesis.