bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole organ, venation and epidermal cell morphological variations are correlated in the leaves of Arabidopsis mutants
Authors: PÉREZ‐PÉREZ JOSÉ MANUEL , RUBIO‐DÍAZ SILVIA , DHONDT STIJN , HERNÁNDEZ‐ROMERO DIANA , SÁNCHEZ‐SORIANO JOAQUÍN , BEEMSTER GERRIT T. S. , PONCE MARÍA ROSA , MICOL JOSÉ LUIS 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTDespite the large number of genes known to affect leaf shape or size, we still have a relatively poor understanding of how leaf morphology is established. For example, little is known about how cell division and cell expansion are controlled and coordinated within a growing leaf to eventually develop into a laminar organ of a definite size. To obtain a global perspective of the cellular basis of variations in leaf morphology at the organ, tissue and cell levels, we studied a collection of 111 non‐allelic mutants with abnormally shaped and/or sized leaves, which broadly represent the mutational variations in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf morphology not associated with lethality. We used image‐processing techniques on these mutants to quantify morphological parameters running the gamut from the palisade mesophyll and epidermal cells to the venation, whole leaf and rosette levels. We found positive correlations between epidermal cell size and leaf area, which is consistent with long‐standing Avery's hypothesis that the epidermis drives leaf growth. In addition, venation parameters were positively correlated with leaf area, suggesting that leaf growth and vein patterning share some genetic controls. Positional cloning of the genes affected by the studied mutations will eventually establish functional links between genotypes, molecular functions, cellular parameters and leaf phenotypes.
Failure to test children of HIV‐infected mothers in South Africa: implications for HIV testing strategies for preschool children
Authors: Chhagan Meera K. , Kauchali Shuaib , Arpadi Stephen M. , Craib Murray H. , Bah Fatimatou , Stein Zena , Davidson Leslie L. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjectives  To assess the uptake of HIV testing among preschool children with HIV‐positive mothers in a peri‐urban population‐based study in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, an area of high HIV prevalence.Methods  All children 4–6 years old and their primary caregivers from the area were invited to participate. All participants were asked about prior HIV testing and were offered counselling and voluntary HIV testing irrespective of previous testing. Twenty‐seven HIV‐infected mothers were interviewed to identify barriers to testing their children.Results  One thousand five hundred and eighty‐three children (88% of eligible children) and their caregivers participated. Of the biological mothers, 86% were previously tested for HIV (27% tested positive). Among the surviving 244 children born to an infected mother, only 41% had been tested for HIV (23% tested positive). Subsequently, 90% of previously untested children of infected mothers underwent HIV testing (9.3% were positive). Overall seroprevalence among study children was 4.9%. All infected mothers interviewed endorsed the belief that children of HIV‐infected women should be tested for HIV. Women who missed opportunities for antenatal HIV testing reported no systematic testing of their children at later ages.Conclusions  In this community with high HIV prevalence, HIV testing of children is infrequent despite high testing coverage among caregivers. The low proportion of children tested for HIV, particularly those of infected mothers, is of great concern as they are at high risk for morbidity and mortality associated with untreated childhood HIV infection. HIV testing programs should strengthen protocols to include children, especially for those who missed PMTCT opportunities in infancy.
Lethal human herpesvirus‐6 encephalitis after cord blood transplant
Authors: Forest F. , Duband S. , Pillet S. , Stachowicz M.‐L. , Cornillon J. , Dumollard J.‐M. , Peoc'h M. 
Published: September 2011

F. Forest, S. Duband, S. Pillet, M.‐L. Stachowicz, J. Cornillon, J.‐M. Dumollard, M. Peoc'h. Lethal human herpesvirus‐6 encephalitis after cord blood transplant. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 646–649. All rights reserved
Abstract: Clinical, biological, pathological, and imaging findings were all suggestive of lethal human herpesvirus‐6‐associated encephalitis in a 61‐year‐old man who had undergone a cord blood transplant. The neuropathological findings of this unusual autopsy case and the pathogenesis of this infection in immunocompromised patients are discussed.
Haemodynamic effects of thoracic epidural anaesthesia during proximal aortic cross‐clamping in pigs
Authors: Aadahl P. , Sæther O. D. , Stenseth R. , Myhre H. O. 
Published: September 2011

Cross‐clamping (XC) of the thoracic aorta induces a hyperdynamic circulation proximal to the aortic clamp. In this investigation, the effects of thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA) on the haemodynamic response to XC were studied in pigs. Seventeen pigs were anaesthetized with ketamine, and the thoracic aorta was cross‐clamped for 30 minutes. In eight of the animals (TEA‐group) a thoracic epidural block (3 ml 0.5% bupivacaine) was added to the general anaesthesia.Prior to XC there was a lower heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (Sv̄O2) in the TEA‐group compared to the nine animals with general anasthesia only (control‐group). During XC there was an increase in HR, CO, Sv̄o2 and proximal aortic blood pressure (PPROX) in both groups, without differences between groups. Following aortic declamping central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) increased in both groups. Fifteen minutes after declamping, one animal in each group died.It was concluded that in this experimental model, TEA combined with general anaesthesia did not modify the haemodynamic response to XC of the thoracic aorta.
Effect of temperature on the progamic phase in high‐mountain plants
Authors: Steinacher G. , Wagner J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractProgamic processes are particularly temperature‐sensitive and, in lowland plants, are usually drastically reduced below 10 °C and above 30 °C. Little is known about how effectively sexual processes of mountain plants function under the large temperature fluctuations at higher altitudes. The present study examines duration and thermal thresholds for progamic processes in six common plant species (Cerastium uniflorum,Gentianella germanica,Ranunculus alpestris,R. glacialis,Saxifraga bryoides,S. caesia) from different altitudinal zones in the European Alps. Whole plants were collected from natural sites shortly before anthesis and kept in a climate chamber until further processing. Flowers with receptive stigmas were hand‐pollinated with allopollen and exposed to controlled temperatures between −2 and 40 °C. Pollen performance (adhesion to the stigma, germination, tube growth, fertilisation) was quantitatively analysed, using the aniline blue fluorescence method. Pollen adhesion was possible from −2 to 40 °C. Pollen germination and tube growth occurred from around 0 to 35 °C in most species. Fertilisation was observed from 5 to 30–32 °C (0–35 °C inG. germanica). The progamic phase was shortest inG. germanica(2 h at 30 °C, 12 h at 5 °C, 24 h at 0 °C), followed byR. glacialis(first fertilisation after 2 h at 30 °C, 18 h at 5 °C). In the remaining species, first fertilisation usually occurred after 4–6 h at 30 °C and after 24–30 h at 5 °C. Thus, mountain plants show remarkably flexible pollen performance over a wide temperature range and a short progamic phase, which may be essential for successful reproduction in the stochastic high‐mountain climate.
Identification of the abscisic acid receptor VvPYL1 in Vitis vinifera
Authors: Li G. , Xin H. , Zheng X. F. , Li S. , Hu Z. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in many developmental processes and in responses to several abiotic stresses. Identification of the ABA receptor is a first step towards understanding ABA signalling. In this study, using homology analysis, we cloned three genes, named VvPYL1, VvPYL2 and VvPYL3, from Vitis vinifera. An isothermal titration calorimetry assay suggested that VvPYL1 could bind to ABA. A phosphatase activity assay demonstrated that VvPYL1 inhibits phosphatase activity of ABI1, a negative regulator of ABA signalling, in the presence of ABA. Subcellular localisation demonstrates that VvPYL1 is distributed in both the nucleus and cytosol, which is similar to the subcellular localisation of ABA receptors in Arabidopsis. We therefore conclude that VvPYL1 is an ABA receptor that modulates ABA signalling by inhibiting type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs).
Influence of the Length of Progestagen Treatment and the Time of Oestradiol Benzoate Application on the Ovulatory Follicle Size and Ovulation Time in Anoestrous and Cyclic Beef Cows
Authors: Manes J , Aller JF , Callejas SS , Hozbor F , Alberio RH 
Published: September 2011

ContentsPrevious research from our laboratory in beef cattle suggests that the pre‐ovulatory follicle size, maturity and subsequent susceptibility to gonadotropin are influenced by the length of progestagen treatment in artificial insemination programme in beef cows. To test this hypothesis, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, 35 anoestrous beef cows received an intravaginal sponge containing 200 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate. The treatment lasted for 7 (n = 12), 8 (n = 11) or 9 (n = 12) days. Half of the animals in each group were injected with 0.7 mg of oestradiol benzoate (EB) at device removal (0 h) and the other half 24 h later. In experiment 2, 38 cycling beef cows were treated with the same protocols as in experiment 1. Ultrasound examinations were performed to determine the follicular diameter at device removal (dominant follicle), interval to ovulation and ovulatory follicle diameter. The dominant follicle of anoestrous cows with progestagen for 7 days (8.4 ± 1.6 mm) resulted smaller (p < 0.05) than the cows treated for 8 (10.5 ± 1.6 mm) and 9 days (10.6 ± 1.2 mm). However, regardless of the length of the treatments, ovulation time after device removal was longer (p < 0.05) when EB was injected 24 h after withdrawal than at 0 h in anoestrous cows (EB0 = 52.7 ± 4.0 h; EB24 = 70.8 ± 6.2 h) and in cyclic cows (EB0 = 50.0 ± 21.0 h; EB24 = 73.0 ± 20.0 h). In anoestrous cows, the treatment with progestagen for 9 days and EB at 24 h increased the diameter of the ovarian follicle (p = 0.033) but did not affect the diameter of the ovulatory follicle in cyclic cows. In conclusion, increasing the length of progestagen treatment for 8 or 9 days compared to 7 days increased the diameter of the dominant follicle, in anoestrous and cyclic beef cows. Oestradiol benzoate administered at device removal resulted in a shorter interval from device removal to ovulation compared with EB injection 24 h after the end of a progestagen treatment.
When pleural potassium exceeds 5.0 mEq/L, high pleural adenosine deaminase levels do not necessarily indicate tuberculous pleuritis
Authors: KASHIWABARA KOSUKE , OKAMOTO TOMOHISA , YAMANE HIROMI 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  The aim of this study was to determine whether high levels of pleural adenosine deaminase (pADA) are predictive for tuberculosis when pleural effusions do not satisfy the criteria for lymphocytic effusions or show neutrophil predominance.Methods:  This was a retrospective observational study of 147 consecutive patients with exudative pleural effusions that were diagnosed by analysis of fluid samples during a 3‐year period from 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2010. Multiple linear correlation tests were used to assess clinical variables as possible predictors of high pADA levels.Results:  High pleural LDH (pLDH) and pleural potassium (pK) levels were associated with high pADA levels (P < 0.0001). Although there was a linear correlation between pLDH and pADA levels in patients with parapneumonic effusions (PPE) (n = 75), tubercular effusions (n = 21), malignant effusions (n = 41) and miscellaneous effusions (n = 10), a significant linear correlation between pK and pADA levels was observed only in patients with PPE (ρ = 0.525, P < 0.0001). When the cut‐off value for pK was set at 5.0 mEq/L, pADA levels were >50 IU/L and pK levels were >5.0 mEq/L in only one patient (5%) in the tuberculosis group (n = 21) and 15 patients (12%, all with PPE) in the non‐tuberculosis group (n = 126).Conclusions:  When pK levels exceed 5.0 mEq/L, high pADA levels do not necessarily indicate the presence of tuberculous pleuritis.
Individualized long‐term enzyme therapy for Gaucher disease type 1 in Slovenia
Authors: Benedik‐Dolničar Majda , Kitanovski Lidija 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:  Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) was the first lysosomal storage disorder for which an effective enzyme replacement therapy was developed. We describe the management of eight GD1 patients in Slovenia who were diagnosed between the ages of 2 and 15 years.Methods:  Patients were individually assessed to establish initial enzyme doses and monitored frequently to determine the effects of long‐term enzyme dose regimens. Outcomes up to 10 years after long‐term treatment are described by changes in the Zimran severity score index, chitotriosidase and acid phosphatase levels, and after 2001, bone parameters (DEXA bone mineral density scores and the MRI bone marrow burden score).Results:  Following the initiation of enzyme therapy with individualized dose regimens (range 25–56 U/kg/14 days) and followed by a gradual reduction of doses (range 12–35 U/kg/14 days) during long‐term maintenance, disease status improved in all patients as measured by the Zimran severity score index (from a mean of 11.25 [median 11.5] before therapy to a mean of 4.12 [median 3.5] at last report). Anemia and leucopenia resolved in all patients, chitotriosidase and acid phosphatase levels decreased in all patients (and by over 75% in six patients) within 1 year of treatment. Bone marrow burden scores improved in all monitored patients and DXA scores improved in six of seven monitored patients.Conclusions:  We conclude that enzyme therapy with relatively low, individualized dose regimens is well‐tolerated and effective in children and young adults with GD1 disease, who are regularly monitored for changes in disease status.
Is bilirubin/albumin ratio correlated with unbound bilirubin concentration?
Authors: Sato Yumi , Morioka Ichiro , Miwa Akihiro , Yokota Tomoyuki , Matsuo Kiyomi , Koda Tsubasa , Fujioka Kazumichi , Morikawa Satoru , Shibata Akio , Yokoyama Naoki , Takahashi Kaoru , Nishio Hisahide , Matsuo Masafumi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:  The American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommend that the total bilirubin (TB)/albumin (Alb) ratio (B/A ratio), instead of serum concentration of unbound bilirubin (UB), can be used with TB for determining treatment modality for jaundiced newborns ≥35 weeks of gestation. It is unknown, however, whether the B/A ratio is actually correlated with serum UB.Methods:  Four hundred and ninety‐seven serum samples were obtained from 209 newborns ≥35 weeks of gestation, who were admitted to Kobe University Hospital. Serum UB concentration was measured using the glucose oxidase–peroxidase method. Serum TB and Alb concentrations were measured on spectrophotometry. B/A ratios were calculated and were linearly compared with serum UB. Furthermore, the accuracy of the B/A ratio was evaluated.Results:  The B/A ratio was significantly correlated with serum UB concentration. A serum UB concentration of 0.6 µg/dL was in agreement with a B/A ratio of 0.5. For comparison of the number of newborns who had serum UB concentrations ≥ or <0.6 µg/dL and B/A ratios ≥ or <0.5, we found the following characteristics: the concordance rate between serum UB concentrations and the B/A ratio was 94%, sensitivity was 51%, and specificity was 99%.Conclusions:  The B/A ratio is significantly correlated with serum UB concentration in newborns ≥35 weeks of gestation. The B/A ratio, however, is underestimated when serum UB concentrations are >0.6 µg/dL.
Prevalence of season‐specific Escherichia coli strains in the Yeongsan River Basin of South Korea
Authors: Jang Jeonghwan , Unno Tatsuya , Lee Seung Won , Cho Kyung Hwa , Sadowsky Michael J. , Ko GwangPyo , Kim Joon Ha , Hur Hor‐Gil 
Published: September 2011

SummarySeasonal and spatial variation in the genotypic richness of 3480 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the Yeongsan River basin in South Korea was investigated by using the horizontal fluorophore‐enhanced rep‐PCR (HFERP) DNA fingerprinting technique. The relationship between 60 E. coli isolates from each of 58 freshwater samples was determined by using multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis and self‐organized maps (SOMs). The MDS analysis, done based on HFERP DNA fingerprints, showed that E. coli isolates obtained in October through December clustered tightly, while those obtained in other sampling periods were more genetically diverse. However, site‐specific E. coli genotypes were not observed. SOMs analysis, done using the 10 most frequently isolated E. coli genotypes, showed the occurrence of season‐specific E. coli genotypes and the main SOMs clusters were most influenced by temperature, strain diversity and biochemical oxygen demand. Diversity among E. coli genotypes tended to decrease as water temperature decreased, and the numbers of E. coli genotypes observed in urban area were greater, more diverse and less dependent on water temperature than those obtained from agricultural areas. Taken together, our findings indicate that that an ecological approach needs to be considered in order to obtain a better understanding of E. coli community dynamics in the environment and that SOMs analysis is useful to visualize the multidimensional dependent variables that are influencing the types and dynamics of specific E. coli genotypes in the environment.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: its morphological and molecular diagnosis and clinical significance
Authors: Montironi Rodolfo , Mazzucchelli Roberta , Lopez‐Beltran Antonio , Scarpelli Marina , Cheng Liang 
Published: September 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is the precursor lesion to some forms of adenocarcinoma.HGPIN should not be confused with intraductal carcinoma. The latter, even when isolated in a prostate biopsy, carries a predictive value of 100% for cancer in a repeat biopsy. Multifocal HGPIN, when isolated in a prostate biopsy, still carries a high predictive value for carcinoma in repeat biopsy. Adenosis and PIA are not considered as precursor lesions.The aim of the present paper was to review the morphological spectrum of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), its relationship to carcinoma of the prostate (PCa) and its clinical significance. We reviewed the literature on premalignant lesions of the prostate, with an emphasis on high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). HGPIN is the most likely precursor of PCa, according to almost all available evidence. HGPIN is characterized by cellular proliferations within pre‐existing ducts and acini, with nuclear and nucleolar enlargement similar to PCa. The clinical importance of recognizing HGPIN is based on its association with PCa. In recent years, a significant decline from 36% to 22% in the predictive value of cancer after an initial diagnosis of HGPIN. A major factor contributing to the decreased incidence of cancer after a diagnosis of HGPIN on needle biopsy in the contemporary era is related to increased needle biopsy core sampling, which detects many associated cancers on initial biopsy. Some recent studies have suggested that molecular findings associated with HGPIN might be able to predict which men are more likely to have cancer on re‐biopsy.
Subcapsular renal haematoma after holmium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser ureterolithotripsy
Authors: Bai Jian , Li Cong , Wang Shaogang , Liu Jihong , Ye Zhangqun , Yu Xiao , Xi Qilin , Ni Min , He Deng 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The literature scarcely reports subcapsular renal haematoma (SRH) after lithotripsy techniques.We reported the incidence, associated risk factors, possible pathogenesis, precautions, and outcomes of SRH after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL).OBJECTIVE
To report the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of subcapsular renal haematoma (SRH) after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) using holmium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Ho:YAG) laser to treat ureteric stones.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Prospective data from 2848 URSLs performed between January 2003 and September 2010 were retrospectively analysed.
In all 11 patients were identified as having a SRH after URSL if they had persistent severe ipsilateral flank pain or a palpable mass within a day of surgery, or presented with radiographic evidence of a SRH.
Risk factors for the development and course of the SRH were reported.
RESULTS
Of the 2848 consecutive patients treated with URSL using Ho:YAG laser, 11 (0.4%) developed a SRH after surgery.
Patients who developed a SRH had larger stones (1.4 vs 0.9 cm, P < 0.001), more severe ipsilateral hydronephrosis (P < 0.001), longer operation duration (41 vs 33 min, P < 0.001), and higher perfusion pressure of hydraulic irrigation (176.8 vs 170.2 mmHg, P < 0.001) than patients who did not develop a SRH.
Patient age, sex, body mass index, presence of diabetes mellitus, history of urolithiasis and hypertension, presence of multiple stones, stone location and flow rate of hydraulic irrigation were not statistically different in patients who did or did not develop a SRH.
Most patients were managed conservatively, with no further intervention or with a flank drain, until the SRH resolved. Overall, in three patients the SRH resolved with no further intervention, six patients were treated with a drain only, and two patients had open surgery within a day of presenting with SRH.
CONCLUSIONS
The rate of development of SRH after URSL is very low.
Most patients who present with a SRH after URSL, can be treated conservatively with no intervention or with a drain only.
Are modern health worries associated with somatosensory amplification, environmental attribution style, and commitment to complementary and alternative medicine?
Authors: KÖTELES FERENC , BÁRÁNY ESZTER , VARSÁNYI PÉTER , BÁRDOS GYÖRGY 
Published: September 2011

Köteles, F., Bárány, E., Varsányi, P. & Bárdos, G. (2012). Are modern health worries associated with somatosensory amplification, environmental attribution style, and commitment to complementary and alternative medicine? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 144–149.Relationship among modern health worries (MHWs), somatosensory amplification (SSA), and attributional styles was investigated in a cross‐sectional questionnaire study. A total of 99 university students, 104 patients visiting their General Practitioners, and 102 future alternative therapists completed questionnaires assessing MHWs, SSA, negative affect (NA), and psychological, somatic and normalizing (environmental) attribution styles. Significant correlation between SSA and MHWs was found in all three samples. MHWs and psychological attribution style were significantly associated with Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)‐orientation in the regression equation even after controlling for SSA, NA, and sociodemographic variables. MHWs were independent from any attribution styles in the student and patient samples, while significant correlations with all three styles were found in the CAM group. Previously described association between MHWs and SSA was replicated in three different samples. The connection between MHWs and CAM preference seems to be independent from SSA, NA or any particular attribution style.