bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity in the Response to Low Temperature in Representative Barley Genotypes Cultivated in Europe
Authors: Rizza F. , Pagani D. , Gut M. , Prášil I.T. , Lago C. , Tondelli A. , Orrù L. , Mazzucotelli E. , Francia E. , Badeck F.‐W. , Crosatti C. , Terzi V. , Cattivelli L. , Stanca A.M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production in many regions is constrained by low temperatures. Numerous screening methods have been proposed for studies of freezing tolerance (FT) and winter hardiness (WH). Here, we compared the response to low temperature of 54 barley genotypes released in Europe. Major components of WH were analyzed in field and growth chamber experiments under different hardening and freezing conditions. Phenotype screening of freezing injury (lethal temperature for 50% of the plants [LT50], plant survival, and chlorophyll fluorescence) and indirect evaluations (molecular‐marker‐based analysis of vernalization requirement) were used. The maximum quantum yield of the photosystem II photochemistry measured as the variable (Fv) to maximal (Fm) fluorescence ratio (Fv:Fm) analysis was confirmed as a reliable method of screening genetic diversity for FT in plants at early growth stages. Variability for FT was also found after shorter acclimation at optimal (3/1°C day/night) or suboptimal (12/7°C day/night) hardening temperatures. High levels of FT and WH were found in both winter and facultative growth habits. Facultative genotypes were more responsive to early hardening than spring or winter types. Some of them coped best with frost in both laboratory and field experiments. The most tolerant winter genotypes coped best with prolonged exposure to low temperature in the field experiments. A conservative estimation of the role of FT in WH implies that at least 50% of WH was associated with the level of FT. A combined analysis using physiological and molecular tools is proposed for phenotyping WH in large populations.
Image‐Assisted Gap Estimation, a Simple Method for Measuring Grapevine Leaf Canopy Density
Authors: Hill G. N. , Beresford R. M. , Wood P. N. , Kim K. S. , Wright P. J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis study compared an image analysis method of leaf canopy density measurement, image‐assisted gap estimation (ImAGE), with the commonly used point quadrat (PQ) analysis. For ImAGE, a blue background (plastic tarpaulin) was placed behind the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) row and digitally photographed and the image was analyzed using application‐specific software to calculate the area ratio of background to vine canopy. This was used as an estimate of the percentage area of gaps in the leaf canopy. Relationships among PQ leaf layer number (LLN), ImAGE gap area percentage (GAP), and fruit exposure were investigated in New Zealand vineyards during the 2008–2009 season in Hawke's Bay and in the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 seasons at Pukekohe (Auckland region).. Gap area percentage was closely related (R2 = 0.87) to LLN. Significant relationships (p < 0.01) were also found between canopy density (measured by either method) and percentage severity of botrytis bunch rot at harvest. Image‐assisted gap estimation provides an alternative method to PQ analysis for measuring canopy density that is quicker, less subjective, and nondamaging. Image‐assisted gap estimation would primarily be useful as a low‐cost research tool as it could provide practical and rapid assessments without a significant investment in equipment. It may also help viticulturists achieve target leaf canopy densities for management of disease risk.
A Simple System for Promoting Flowering of Upland Switchgrass in the Greenhouse
Authors: Castro Joseph C. , Boe Arvid , Lee D. K. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe transition from vegetative to reproductive development in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been described as a photoperiod‐mediated process. With its extensive native range, photoperiod response varies widely within the species. To synchronize flowering among cultivars of distinct origin, disparities in light‐driven developmental responses often require breeders to develop elaborate photoperiod regimens. The objective of this research was to identify a simple photoperiod treatment that could be used to evoke sexual reproductive development for three upland cultivars of switchgrass: Cave‐In‐Rock (origin 37°N), Sunburst (origin 42°N), and Dacotah (origin 46°N). To evaluate photoperiod sensitivity, switchgrass clones were grown in the greenhouse under various local natural ambient photoperiods, as well as under a 24‐h low‐irradiance daylight extension. Despite previously being described as a short‐day plant, these upland cultivars of switchgrass were induced to flower under 24‐h low‐irradiance daylight‐extended photoperiod. This daylight extension method was valid for use in addition to any ambient photoperiod. These results identified a simple system that used inexpensive equipment (common fluorescent bulbs) and required no alternating light and dark periods to promote panicle production in switchgrass. This system will be useful for improving seed yield components, via controlled pollination in the greenhouse, most especially when the ambient photoperiods are not favorable for floral induction.
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction and Family Selection in Crop Species
Authors: Viana José Marcelo Soriano , Faria Vinícius Ribeiro , Fonseca e Silva Fabyano , de Resende Marcos Deon Vilela 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTBest linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is the method primarily used for genetic evaluation in animal and forest species breeding. The objective was to present theory and application of BLUP in family selection. Statistical models aim to predict the breeding values of parents of half‐sib and inbred families and the individual or average additive values of parents of full‐sib families. We analyzed the expansion volume (EV) and grain yield of half‐ and full‐sib families and of inbred progeny from the Viçosa popcorn {Zea mays L. subsp. mays [syn. Zea mays L. subsp. everta (Sturtev.) Zhuk.]} population in two selection cycles. The noninbred families were evaluated in a 14 by 14 simple lattice, and the inbred progeny were assessed in the incomplete block design. The additive‐dominant model was fitted for yield of full‐sib families of the second cycle and across generations for yield of full‐sib families and EV of inbred progeny. Additive × additive epistasis was not significant for EV and yield of half‐sib families. Although the predictions of breeding values in the additive and additive‐dominant models are positively correlated, different sets of parents were included in the top 10% of breeding values from the two models. Therefore, the additive‐dominant model should be fitted wherever possible.
Doubled Haploids Generated through Anther Culture from Crosses of Elite Indica and Japonica Cultivars and/or Lines of Rice: Large‐Scale Production, Agronomic Performance, and Molecular Characterization
Authors: Grewal Deepinder , Manito Christine , Bartolome Violeta 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe produced 3000 doubled haploid (DH) lines through anther culture of 28 crosses involving indica and japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Indica cultivars showed low anther culturability (1.2% callus induction) whereas japonica cultivars had 20‐fold higher (28.1%) anther culturability. A set of 121 and 124 DH lines was used for phenotypic and molecular analysis, respectively, generated from the japonica cultivar (IR69428) × indica variety (IR64). Significant variation was observed among DH lines for agronomic traits including Zn content. However, the phenotypic variance within each DH line was comparable with the mean phenotypic variance of the parents, suggesting no variation within DH line(s). A set of 209 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was selected to construct a linkage map with a total genetic distance of 2148.8 cM. Simple sequence repeat analysis showed 1:1 ratio of indica and japonica alleles. Of the 209 markers, 21 showed distorted segregation and these markers are randomly located over 12 chromosomes. Homozygosity was detected for all the marker loci in 124 DH lines and 28 were heterozygote. Results show that indica cultivars are recalcitrant and genes for anther culturability are partially dominant. Molecular and phenotypic trait analysis of the DH lines showed that the origin of DHs is from pollen and these 121 DH lines are thus a valuable genetic resource in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain Zn content and other agronomic traits. Interestingly, some of the DH lines had indica traits and high (28.3 mg kg−1) grain Zn content in polished rice.
Fitting Boolean Networks from Steady State Perturbation Data
Authors: Almudevar Anthony , McCall Matthew N. , McMurray Helene , Land Hartmut 
Published: October 2011

Gene perturbation experiments are commonly used for the reconstruction of gene regulatory networks. Typical experimental methodology imposes persistent changes on the network. The resulting data must therefore be interpreted as a steady state from an altered gene regulatory network, rather than a direct observation of the original network. In this article an implicit modeling methodology is proposed in which the unperturbed network of interest is scored by first modeling the persistent perturbation, then predicting the steady state, which may then be compared to the observed data. This results in a many-to-one inverse problem, so a computational Bayesian approach is used to assess model uncertainty.The methodology is first demonstrated on a number of synthetic networks. It is shown that the Bayesian approach correctly assigns high posterior probability to the network structure and steady state behavior. Further, it is demonstrated that where uncertainty of model features is indicated, the uncertainty may be accurately resolved with further perturbation experiments. The methodology is then applied to the modeling of a gene regulatory network using perturbation data from nine genes which have been shown to respond synergistically to known oncogenic mutations. A hypothetical model emerges which conforms to reported regulatory properties of these genes. Furthermore, the Bayesian methodology is shown to be consistent in the sense that multiple randomized applications of the fitting algorithm converge to an approximately common posterior density on the space of models. Such consistency is generally not feasible for algorithms which report only single models. We conclude that fully Bayesian methods, coupled with models which accurately account for experimental constraints, are a suitable tool for the inference of gene regulatory networks, in terms of accuracy, estimation of model uncertainty, and experimental design.
Tert-butyl esters of 2,3-diaryl-3-arylaminopropanoic acids - stereoselective synthesis, isolation, spectroscopic and structural elucidation
Authors: Tasheva Donka , Zareva Sonya 
Published: October 2011

Tert-butyl esters of 2,3-diaryl-3-arylaminopropanoic acids - stereoselective synthesis, isolation, spectroscopic and structural elucidation
A series of seven substituted tert-butyl esters of 2,3-diaryl-3-arylaminopropanoic acids has been synthesized, isolated, spectroscopically and structurally elucidated. An influence of the substituents on the spectroscopic characteristics and conformations is discussed using the data of the linear-polarized IR- (IR-LD), UV-spectroscopy and 1H-NMR. Theoretical quantum chemical calculations are carried out, with a view to explaining and supporting the experimental optical properties and the electronic structure. The stereoselective synthesis of the corresponding diastereoisomers is optimized, thus giving good yields (62-72%) and purity of the compounds
Phenol oxidation with hydrogen peroxide using Cu/ZSM5 and Cu/Y5 catalysts
Authors: Valkaj Karolina , Wittine Ozren , Margeta Karmen , Granato Teresa , Katović Andrea , Zrnčević Stanka 
Published: October 2011

Phenol oxidation with hydrogen peroxide using Cu/ZSM5 and Cu/Y5 catalysts
In this work, catalytic activity and stability of Cu/Y5 and Cu/ZSM5 zeolites in phenol oxidation with hydrogen peroxide were examined. The catalyst samples were prepared by the ion exchange method of the protonic form of commercial zeolites. The catalysts were characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), AAS, while the adsorption techniques were used to measure the specific surface area.
The thermal programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD) was used for measuring the total number of acid sites formed on the surface of zeolites.
Catalytic performance of the prepared samples was monitored in terms of phenol, hydrogen peroxide and total organic carbon (TOC) conversion, by-product distribution and a degree of copper leached into the aqueous solution.
It was found that the activity of Cu/Y5 catalyst was generally higher than that of Cu/ZSM5 and that unlike Cu/ZSM5, Cu/Y5 catalyzed phenol oxidation more completely.
Badenian Ostracoda from the Pokupsko area (Banovina, Croatia)
Authors: Hajek-Tadesse Valentina , Prtoljan Božo 
Published: October 2011

Badenian Ostracoda from the Pokupsko area (Banovina, Croatia)In this paper we present the results of the investigations on the Badenian (Middle Miocene) ostracods from the Pokupsko area. For the first time the presence of Badenian aged sediments in Croatia can be supported by the occurrence of ostracod biozonal markers. Four Badenian ostracod zones are established: Lower Badenian Biozone NO7Acanthocythereis hystrix-Bythocypris lucida, Middle Badenian Biozone NO8Eocytheropteron inflatum-Olimfalunia spinulosa, and the two Upper Badenian Biozones NO9Neomonoceratina laskarevi-Miocyprideis sarmatica elongataand NO10Carinocythereis carinata-Phlyctenophora farkasi.On the basis of the generally accepted paleoecology of selected genera, we identified the following ostracod faunas: shallow-water marine, shallow-water brackish-marine, shallow-water reef, and deep-water marine. The paleontological and trace element analyses suggest that the Pokupsko ostracod fauna lived in shallow (50 m deep), warm, and limpid waters, connected to a deeper sea and occasionally exposed to freshwater inflows.
Population dynamics of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia in Slovenia between 1999 and 2010
Authors: Denac Damijan 
Published: October 2011

Population dynamics of the White StorkCiconia ciconiain Slovenia between 1999 and 2010Between 1999 and 2010, an annual census of the White StorkCiconia ciconiabreeding population was carried out in Slovenia using standardised methods. The Stork's population was concentrated in the NE and SE parts of Slovenia. In the 1999-2010 period, the breeding range of its population in Slovenia expanded in NW direction (the Savska ravan region), in SW direction (the Notranjsko podolje and Pivško podolje regions), but the species also colonized a part between Central and SE Slovenia (Dolenjsko podolje). Between 193 and 240 pairs were breeding during the study period, 209 pairs on average (HPa). The largest number of breeding pairs was recorded in 2004, the smallest in 2005. During the study period, breeding pairs (HPa) occupied 350 discrete nests in total. Average number of breeding pairs that raised juveniles (HPm) was 161. The highest fecundity was recorded in 2004, when 534 juveniles (JZG) fledged, the lowest in 2006, with only 219 fledged juveniles. On average, 414 juveniles fledged per year. The breeding pairs' (JZa) average breeding success in these 12 years was 2.02, the highest in 2000 (2.41), the lowest in 2006 (1.09). Average breeding success for the successful breeding pairs (JZm) was 2.57. The highest was in 2007 (2.94), the lowest in 2006 (2.07). The largest number of breeding pairs in 2004 and 2008 can be explained by the favourable fecundity in the population in 2000 and 2004, as juveniles become sexually mature at the age of 3-5 years, and at that age they generally return to the breeding grounds for the first time. The lowest number of breeding pairs and poor breeding success in 2005 and 2006 was caused by late arrival of White Storks to the breeding grounds and by unfavourable weather conditions during the breeding period. The pattern of nests placement did not change generally during the last 12 years. The largest proportion of nests was positioned on various kinds of poles (81%) and on chimneys (18%). In total, 27 area surveyors and 239 assistants helped in census realisation.
Prediction of off-Treatment Response to Lamivudine by Serum Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Quantification in Hepatitis B E Antigen-Negative Patients
Authors: Chan Henry L-Y , Wong Grace L-H , Chim Angel M-L , Chan Hoi-Yun , Chu Shirley H-T , Wong Vincent W-S 
Published: October 2011

Background The timing of antiviral therapy cessation in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients is controversial. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) monitoring to predict off-treatment sustained response. Methods A total of 53 HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients who received lamivudine for 34 ±23 (range 12–76) months and had lamivudine stopped for 47 ±35 months were studied. Primary outcome was sustained response, defined as HBV DNA≤200 IU/ml, at 12 months post-treatment (SR-12). Results A total of 9 (17%) patients achieved SR-12. HBV DNA at baseline, month 6 and end of treatment had no association with SR-12. HBsAg levels tended to decrease more significantly during treatment among SR-12 responders. At the end of treatment, both HBsAg ≤2 log IU/ml and reduction by >1 log from baseline had sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for SR-12 of 78%, 96%, 78% and 96%, respectively. All 5 patients with HBsAg≤2 log IU/ml and reduction >1 log at the end of treatment achieved SR-12 and all 40 patients with HBsAg>2 log IU/ml and reduction ≤1 log did not have SR-12. The cumulative probability of sustained response and HBsAg clearance at 5 years among patients with HBsAg≤2 log IU/ml were 88% and 72%, respectively, that among patients with HBsAg reduction >1 log were 74% and 61%, respectively. Conclusions Monitoring of HBsAg level can guide the timing of stopping lamivudine in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B.
Platypus TCRμ Provides Insight into the Origins and Evolution of a Uniquely Mammalian TCR Locus
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Parra Zuly E. , Miller Robert D. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
TCRμ is an unconventional TCR that was first discovered in marsupials and appears to be absent from placental mammals and nonmammals. In this study, we show that TCRμ is also present in the duckbill platypus, an egg-laying monotreme, consistent with TCRμ being ancient and present in the last common ancestor of all extant mammals. As in marsupials, platypus TCRμ is expressed in a form containing double V domains. These V domains more closely resemble Ab V than that of conventional TCR. Platypus TCRμ differs from its marsupial homolog by requiring two rounds of somatic DNA recombination to assemble both V exons and has a genomic organization resembling the likely ancestral form of the receptor genes. These results demonstrate that the ancestors of placental mammals would have had TCRμ but it has been lost from this lineage.
Prostaglandin I2 Promotes the Development of IL-17–Producing γδ T Cells That Associate with the Epithelium during Allergic Lung Inflammation
Authors: Jaffar Zeina , Ferrini Maria E. , Shaw Pamela K. , FitzGerald Garret A. , Roberts Kevan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
γδ T cells rapidly produce cytokines and represent a first line of defense against microbes and other environmental insults at mucosal tissues and are thus thought to play a local immunoregulatory role. We show that allergic airway inflammation was associated with an increase in innate IL-17–producing γδ T (γδ-17) cells that expressed the αEβ7 integrin and were closely associated with the airway epithelium. Importantly, PGI2 and its receptor IP, which downregulated airway eosinophilic inflammation, promoted the emergence of these intraepithelial γδ-17 cells into the airways by enhancing IL-6 production by lung eosinophils and dendritic cells. Accordingly, a pronounced reduction of γδ-17 cells was observed in the thymus of naive mice lacking the PGI2 receptor IP, as well as in the lungs during allergic inflammation, implying a critical role for PGI2 in the programming of “natural” γδ-17 cells. Conversely, iloprost, a stable analog of PGI2, augmented IL-17 production by γδ T cells but significantly reduced airway inflammation. Together, these findings suggest that PGI2 plays a key immunoregulatory role by promoting the development of innate intraepithelial γδ-17 cells through an IL-6–dependent mechanism. By enhancing γδ-17 cell responses, stable analogs of PGI2 may be exploited in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches.
On the Sum of Digits of Numerators of Bernoulli Numbers
Authors: Bérczes Attila , Luca Florian 
Published: October 2011

Abstract.Let b > 1 be an integer. We prove that for almost all n, the sum of the digits in base b of the numerator of the Bernoulli number B2n exceeds c log n, where c := c(b) > 0 is some constant depending on b.
New Antarctic stenothoids sensu lato (Amphipoda, Crustacea)
Authors: Krapp Traudl 
Published: October 2011

Three stenothoid species are reported from recent Antarctic collections. Two of these are new to science (Prometopa cedrici sp. nov. and Antatelson claudei sp. nov.). A few character states of Antatelson walkeri are discussed. Keys are provided for Prometopa as well as for Antatelson.
L2–L∞ filtering for nonlinear stochastic systems
Authors: Wu Ai‐Guo , Liu Xiaona , Zhang Ying 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA sufficient condition for a general nonlinear stochastic system to have L2−L∞ gain less than or equal to a prescribed positive number is established in terms of a certain Hamilton–Jacobi inequality (HJI). Based on this criterion, the existence of an L2−L∞ filter is given by a second‐order nonlinear HJI, and the filter matrices can be obtained by solving such an HJI.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
ChemInform Abstract: New Halogenated Phenylcoumarins as Tyrosinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Matos Maria Joao , Santana Lourdes , Uriarte Eugenio , Delogu Giovanna , Corda Marcella , Fadda Maria Benedetta , Era Benedetta , Fais Antonella 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCoumarin derivatives (IV) and (VII) are synthesized by the Perkin reaction using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as dehydrating agent, followed by hydrolysis of the methoxyl groups.
Tetrasubstituted C‐Glycosylidenes and C‐Glycosyl Compounds from Di‐ and Monobromo‐Substituted exo‐Glycals
Authors: Thien Hoang‐Trang Tran , Novoa Alexandre , Pellegrini‐Moïse Nadia , Chrétien Françoise , Didierjean Claude , Chapleur Yves 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEfficient methods for functionalization of readily available exo‐glycals have been developed. Sequential palladium‐catalysed cross‐coupling of dibromo‐substituted exo‐glycals was first explored and allowed the formation of new disubstituted exo‐glycals as single stereoisomers. Bromination of furano‐ and pyrano‐methoxycarbonyl‐exo‐glycals led to a new series of monobrominated derivatives. These vinylic bromides were used in carbon‐carbon bond formation through palladium‐catalysed reactions, leading to a new series of previously unknown exo‐glycals. Further chemical manipulation of the methoxycarbonyl functionalities and stereoselective hydrogenation of the exocyclic double bond led to C‐glycosyl compounds with high stereocontrol.