bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of thermo mechanical treatments using ECAP and aging for an aluminium alloy for automotive and aeronautical applications
Authors: Hockauf K. , Halle T. , Hockauf M. , Meyer L. W. , Wagner M. F.‐X. , Lampke T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird an einer kaltaushärtenden Aluminiumlegierung des Al‐Mg‐Si‐(Cu)‐Systems eine Methode zur thermomechanischen Optimierung, bestehend aus dem ECAP‐Umformverfahren (engl.: Equal‐Channel Angular Pressing) und einer anschlieβenden Wärmebehandlung, vorgestellt. Mit dem Ziel einer verbesserten Festigkeit in Kombination mit einer moderaten Duktilität basiert diese Methode auf dem Einbringen einer hochgradig plastischen Verformung in das lösungsgeglühte Material und einem anschlieβenden Warmauslagern. Dabei werden Dauer und Temperatur der Auslagerungsbehandlung so gewählt, dass zum einen durch die Ausscheidungshärtung eine weitere Festigkeitssteigerung erreicht wird, zum anderen Erholungsvorgänge in der extrem kaltverfestigten Mikrostruktur aktiviert werden. Die Untersuchungsschwerpunkte dieser Arbeit beinhalten den Einfluss der Auslagerungsdauer und ‐temperatur auf die Entwicklung der Festigkeit und Duktilität der ECAP‐umgeformten Zustände. Mit Hilfe von elektronenmikroskopischen Durchstrahlungsaufnahmen werden Zusammenhänge zwischen den erzielten mechanischen Eigenschaften und charakteristischen mikrostrukturellen Merkmalen, insbesondere der Versetzungsstruktur und der Ausscheidungscharakteristik, ermittelt. Im Vergleich zum T6‐ausgelagerten Referenzzustand des Ausgangsmaterials kann durch eine zweifache ECAP‐Umformung mit einer nachfolgenden Auslagerungsbehandlung bei 150°C eine Festigkeitssteigerung von 27% bei einer Gleichmaβdehnung von 6,5% und einer Bruchdehnung von 20% erzielt werden.In this work, the promising approach of a combined equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP) and aging treatment was applied to an Al‐Mg‐Si‐(Cu) alloy. With the aim of improving the strength and preserving a moderate ductility, this method consists of a severe plastic deformation in the solid‐solution heat‐treated condition and a subsequent aging to peak strength. For the following aging treatment, time and temperature are balanced in order to enable precipitation hardening up to the peak strength on the one hand and microstructural recovery of the severely work hardened material on the other hand. The main focus of this work lies on the influence of the aging time and temperature on the evolution of strength and ductility of the ECAP‐processed material. The underlying microstructural features, such as dislocation structures and precipitation characteristics, are evaluated by means of low‐voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy. In comparison to the initial peak aged condition, an increase in strength of about 27%, combined with a uniform elongation of 6.5% and a total elongation of 20%, was achieved by two ECAP‐passes and a subsequent aging to peak strength at 150°C.
Effect of surface finishing to the thread and screwing behavior of thread forming screws consisting of high‐strength Al alloy EN AW‐7075
Authors: Scharf I. , Hellmig R. J. , Nickel D. , Härtel M. , Lampke T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIm Sinne des Leichtbaus und damit einhergehender ökonomischer und ökologischer Aspekte ist die Verwendung hochfester Al‐Schrauben besonders interessant. Gegenstand des Projektes T1 ist der Transfer unterschiedlicher, in Grundlagenversuchen als erfolgversprechend eingestufter Oberflächenbehandlungsverfahren in die industrielle Bewertung und Nutzung. Das Augenmerk richtet sich auf Schutzschichten, die als Konversionsschichten aus dem Substrat entstehen (Anodisieren). Diese Verfahrensgruppe hat das Potenzial, eine anforderungsgerechte Oberflächenveredelung auf Al‐Schrauben zu erzielen.The use of high‐strength Al screws is of particular interest with regard to lightweight construction and its respective economic and ecological aspects. The subject of the project T1 is the transfer of different surface treatments that have been classified promising in fundamental experiments into industrial assessment and application. The focus is on protective coatings which develop from the substrate (anodizing). This process group offers the potential to obtain the required surface refinement of the Al screws.
Inhibitors of hyaluronan export from hops prevent osteoarthritic reactions
Authors: Stracke Dennis , Schulz Tobias , Prehm Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractScope: An early reaction in osteoarthritic chondrocytes is hyaluronan overproduction followed by proteoglycan loss and collagen degradation. We recently found that hyaluronan is exported by the ATP‐binding cassette transporter multidrug resistance associated protein 5 (MRP5) in competition with cGMP and that some phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors also inhibited hyaluronan export. These inhibitors also prevented osteoarthritic reactions in cartilage. In an effort to identify the improved inhibitors directed primarily toward MRP5, we analyzed the flavonoidsMethods and results: Prenylflavonoids from hop xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol and 8‐prenylnaringenin inhibited MRP5 export at lower concentrations than phosphodiesterase 5 activity. They were analyzed for their effect on IL‐induced osteoarthritic reactions in bovine chondrocytes. Xanthohumol was the superior compound to inhibit hyaluronan export, as well as proteoglycan and collagen loss. It also prevented the shedding of metalloproteases into the culture medium. It directly inhibited MRP5, because it reduced the export of the MRP5 substrate fluorescein immediately and did not influence the hyaluronan synthase activity.Conclusions: Xanthohumol may be a natural compound to prevent hyaluronan overproduction and subsequent reactions in osteoarthritis.
The E3 architecture: enabling future cellular networks with cognitive and self‐x capabilities
Authors: Nolte Klaus , Kaloxylos Alexandros , Tsagkaris Kostas , Rosowski Thomas , Stamatelatos Makis , Galani Aristi , Bogenfeld Eckard , Magdalinos Panagis , Tiemann Jens , Gebert Jens , Arnold Paul , von Hugo Dirk , Alonistioti Nancy , Demestichas Panagiotis , Koenig Wolfgang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFuture mobile networks are expected to be complex heterogeneous systems. On the one hand this will enable users to take advantage of a number of different access technologies. On the other hand it will seriously affect network management procedures since more extensive operations and decisions will have to be dealt with. To tackle these challenges a number of new dynamic mechanisms need to be designed. It is imperative that certain network management tasks have to be performed without human intervention to reduce the OPEX costs and achieve faster responses in different events. To achieve this goal, the introduction of self‐x functionalities, combined with cognitive mechanisms and the ability to reconfigure network entities and terminals, is required. Moreover, the introduction of a new pilot channel needs to be considered to assist the terminals in selecting the most suitable radio access technology according to their requirements. We present the functional architecture of an evolved network that was designed in the context of the EU‐funded IP project ‘E3: End‐to‐End Efficiency’. This architecture aims to enhance existing procedures usually performed in traditional operation and maintenance systems (e.g. spectrum management, network planning, configuration actions). We explain the rationale of our design and provide specific examples to illustrate the role of the different functional entities and their interfaces. A considerable part of this architecture has recently been approved as a feasibility study by the ETSI Committee Reconfigurable Radio System. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonprofit competition in the grants marketplace
Authors: Ashley Shena , Faulk Lewis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study, we test the impact of nonprofit financial health and financial efficiency ratios on the grant amount awarded by foundations using the Georgia grants marketplace as a case. Using hierarchical linear modeling analysis, we can understand the effects of these ratios both within and across foundation grant portfolios. We found statistically significant evidence that grantees with higher debt ratios and higher fundraising ratios receive lower grant amounts. We did not find statistically significant impacts for administrative ratios, revenue diversification, and surplus margin.
An aggressive systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma clonally related to a preceding T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Perez‐Becker Ruy , Szczepanowski Monika , Leuschner Ivo , Janka Gritta , Gokel Michael , Imschweiler Thomas , Völpel Sigrid , Niehues Tim , Klapper Wolfram 
Published: September 2010

AbstractJuvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a disorder of disputed origin thought to be related to the dermal/interstitial macrophage. A 5‐year‐old female presented with an aggressive systemic JXG that developed 5 months after the diagnosis of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). Examination of the T‐cell receptor gamma (TCR‐γ) rearrangement in T‐ALL blasts, JXG infiltrated lymph node biopsies and micro‐dissected JXG histiocytes revealed an identical bi‐allelic TCR‐γ rearrangement in all samples, thus providing evidence for a clonal relationship between T‐ALL and JXG in this case. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:859–862. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathologic comparison of familial versus sporadic atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) of the central nervous system
Authors: Bruggers Carol S. , Bleyl Steven B. , Pysher Theodore , Barnette Philip , Afify Zeinab , Walker Marion , Biegel Jaclyn A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are aggressive tumors usually diagnosed in young children and characterized by SMARCB1 (INI1, hSNF5) gene abnormalities. Despite initial chemo‐radiation responsiveness, most children die of progressive disease (PD). Little data regarding familial AT/RT clinical course exist. This study described and compared familial (F) versus sporadic (S) AT/RT and elucidated SMARCB1 mutations and inheritance patterns.MethodsA retrospective chart review, pedigree, and SMARCB1 analysis were done.ResultsBetween January 1989 and June 2009, 20 children with CNS AT/RT were diagnosed, 8‐S and 12‐F. Median age at diagnosis (months) of S and F patient were: 13 and 4.8, respectively. Median survival (months) was S‐21, F4.5, and 8‐all. Pedigree analyses showed unaffected parent carriers with multiple affected offspring.ConclusionsChildren with F‐AT/RT are younger, have more extensive disease, and are more likely to die from PD than children with S‐AT/RT. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy were important in achieving long‐term survival. Pedigree analysis supports autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with incomplete penetrance. Germline SMARCB1 mutation analysis is important in all patients diagnosed with AT/RT to (1) determine actual incidence of F‐AT/RT, (2) determine penetrance of predisposing mutations, (3) provide appropriate genetic counseling, and (4) establish surveillance screening guidelines. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1026–1031. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prescribing of inappropriate medication in nursing home residents in Germany according to a French consensus list: a cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Kölzsch Marita , Kopke Kirsten , Fischer Thomas , Hofmann Werner , Kuhnert Ronny , Bolbrinker Juliane , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Dräger Dagmar , Kreutz Reinhold 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeThe current use of inappropriate medication in elderly nursing home residents (NHRs) in Germany is unclear. We therefore set out to analyse the frequency and patterns of potentially inappropriate drug prescriptions in elderly NHRs in Germany.MethodsWe utilised prescription data for NHRs 65 years or older from a large German health insurance company during a period of 3 months. Inappropriate drugs were identified from a recently reported French consensus list.ResultsData for 7271 (83.7%) females and 1414 (16.3%) males were available for analysis. The average age was 83.6 ± 7.3 years. Overall 48 inappropriate drugs were prescribed resulting in a total of 3825 inappropriate drug prescriptions which accounted for 4.3% of all documented prescriptions (n = 88 695). One thousand nine hundred and three (21.9%) residents received at least one inappropriate drug prescription. Using logistic regression we detected no significant influence of gender or level of care on frequency of inappropriate prescriptions. However, age had a significant influence; with increasing age the frequency of residents receiving inappropriate medications decreased steadily (r = −0.92, p = 0.003) and ranged from a maximum of 32.8% in the group between 65 and 69 years to a minimum of 15.2% in residents older than 94 years. This observation was paralleled by a significant and continuous decrease of drug prescription rates with increasing age (r = −0.88, p = 0.009).ConclusionThe present analysis demonstrates that about one out of five elderly NHRs received at least one inappropriate drug prescription. Additional studies may aim to establish a list of frequently prescribed inappropriate drugs for Germany. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plastic deformation of low‐density polyethylene reinforced with biodegradable polylactide, Part 1: Microstructural analysis and tensile behavior at constant true strain‐rate
Authors: Rezgui F. , G'Sell C. , Dahoun A. , Hiver J.M. , Sadoun T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBlends of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and polylactide (PLA) were prepared by melt coextrusion. The plastic behavior of the LDPE/PLA blends was investigated at room temperature under uniaxial tension by means of a video‐controlled system. The constitutive behavior was analyzed in terms of the variations of true stress vs. true strain at constant true strain rate. With increasing concentrations of PLA, the blend show: (i) higher Young's modulus, (ii) stiffer viscoelastic response, (iii) increase of elastic limit stress, and (iv) earlier fracture. Particular attention was paid to the evolution of the volume strain with the applied strain. While dilatation begins very lately for the neat LDPE, the LDPE/PLA blends show increasing deformation damage as the PLA content is increased. Scanning electron microscopy of deformed specimens shows that cavitation occurs preferentially at the poles of the PLA particles whose adhesion to the LDPE matrix seems very weak despite the partial grafting of polyethylene chains with maleic anhydride. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Mosaic origin of the mitochondrial proteome
Authors: Szklarczyk Radek , Huynen Martijn A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough the origin of mitochondria from the endosymbiosis of an α‐proteobacterium is well established, the nature of the host cell, the metabolic complexity of the endosymbiont and the subsequent evolution of the proto‐mitochondrion into all its current appearances are still the subject of discovery and sometimes debate. Here we review what has been inferred about the original composition and subsequent evolution of the mitochondrial proteome and essential mitochondrial systems. The evolutionary mosaic that currently constitutes mitochondrial proteomes contains (i) endosymbiotic proteins (15–45%), (ii) proteins without detectable orthologs outside the eukaryotic lineage (40%), and (iii) proteins that are derived from non‐proteobacterial Bacteria, Bacteriophages and Archaea (15%, specifically multiple tRNA‐modification proteins). Protein complexes are of endosymbiotic origin, but have greatly expanded with novel eukaryotic proteins; in contrast to mitochondrial enzymes that are both of proteobacterial and non‐proteobacterial origin. This disparity is consistent with the complexity hypothesis, which argues that proteins that are a part of large, multi‐subunit complexes are unlikely to undergo horizontal gene transfer. We observe that they neither change their subcellular compartments in the course of evolution, even when their genes do.
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements of polymers in a surface forces apparatus
Authors: Wong Janet S. S. , Hong Liang , Bae Sung Chul , Granick Steve 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe surface forces apparatus has been combined with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to measure translational diffusion of polymer confined between mica sheets. This article presents findings using polydimethylsiloxane with number‐average molecular weight Mn = 2200 g mol−1, the chains end‐labeled with soluble fluorescent dye. Melts with thickness 10 nm display a translational diffusion coefficient (D) with a bulk component and a slower component assigned to surface diffusion. Reduction of thickness to 1.8 nm causes mobility to split into two populations—an immobile fraction (immobile on the time scale of 30–60 min) and a mobile fraction who's D slow only weakly with diminishing film thickness. However, when load causes the confining mica sheets to flatten, D of the mobile fraction drops by up to an additional order of magnitude, depending on the local pressure that squeezes on the polymer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Shear piezoelectricity in single‐wall carbon nanotube/poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate) composites
Authors: Lovell Conrad S. , Kang Jin Ho , Sauti Godfrey , Fitz‐Gerald James M. , Park Cheol 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSingle‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been added to high molecular weight poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate), or PBLG, to evaluate their effects on the polymer's shear piezoelectricity. While the addition of SWCNTs increased various PBLG physical properties such as electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, several mechanical properties, and electrostriction coefficient, the shear piezoelectricity remained constant up to a 0.3 wt % SWCNT concentration. The composite crystallinity, orientation, and SWCNT alignment (measured by X‐ray diffraction, birefringence, and polarized Raman spectroscopy, respectively) were found to be constant up to this same concentration, corroborating the shear piezoelectric findings. PBLG composites made with acid‐treated (and therefore less electrically conductive) SWCNTs exhibited similar shear piezoelectric behavior, indicating that neither the SWCNT type, concentration (up to the percolation threshold), nor electrical conductivity influences PBLG shear piezoelectricity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Lung function in preschool children with a history of wheezing measured by forced oscillation and plethysmographic specific airway resistance
Authors: Harrison Jo , Gibson Anne‐Marie , Johnson Khrista , Singh Gauharjit , Skoric Billy , Ranganathan Sarath 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRationaleWheezing is common in preschool children, but objective evidence for airway obstruction and its reversibility are rarely available in clinical practice. We assessed whether abnormalities of lung function and bronchodilator response can be detected in preschool children using the forced oscillation technique and measurements of specific airway resistance.MethodsFifty‐nine children with a history of wheeze and 24 healthy controls aged 3–6 years were recruited. Resistance and reactance at 6 and 8 Hz (Rrs6, Rrs8, Xrs6 and Xrs8, respectively) were measured using the forced oscillation technique and specific airway resistance was measured in a plethysmograph. z‐Scores were calculated from published reference data. Tests were repeated 15 min after 400 mcg salbutamol. Bronchodilator response was expressed as the log‐transformed ratio of postbronchodilator/prebronchodilator values.ResultsTechnically acceptable measurements using the forced oscillation technique were obtained in n = 77 (93%) of children and in n = 56 (68%) using plethysmography. There was no significant difference in baseline lung function or bronchodilator response, assessed by either technique, between those with a history of wheeze and healthy controls.ConclusionMeasurement of lung function is feasible in preschool children, but neither of these techniques was able to identify diminished lung function or reversibility to bronchodilator in children with a history of wheeze. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010;45:1049–1056. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of life protocol in the early asthma diagnosis in children
Authors: Farnik Małgorzata , Pierzchała Władysław , Brożek Grzegorz , Zejda Jan E. , Skrzypek Michał 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroductionAsthma is considered an important problem in children and influences on their everyday functioning. This study was concerned with the impact of asthma on the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of newly recognized pediatric asthma patients and their parents.MethodsPatients were identified by a general respiratory survey. HRQOL was assessed by self‐report measures: disease‐specific questionnaire for children, the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) and generic for parents—the Quality of Life in Child's Chronic Disease Questionnaire (QLCCDQ).ResultsTwenty‐nine newly diagnosed asthmatic children aged 7–11 years (mean age = 8.6; SD = 1.4) were identified from a population‐based respiratory health survey. The most impaired HRQOL domains differed in parents and children. In children, activity limitation was the most impaired; however in parents, emotional functioning and symptom perception domains were most impaired. There were no statistically significant differences in patient and parental HRQOL observed in either the group where symptoms were present or in the group were symptoms were not present. Baseline spirometry showed correlation for FEV1%FVC and PAQLQ symptom domain (r = 0.42). Exercise test showed correlations between FEV1%FVC and QLCCDQ emotional domain (r = 0.7); MEF 25–75% and family roles (r = 0.81), as well as social functioning (r = 0.81). Activity limitation on the PAQLQ correlated with the MEF 25–75% (r = 0.44) and PEF (r = 0.55).ConclusionsHRQOL newly recognized children with asthma and their parents does not correlate closely with clinical status. Patient and parental HRQOL should be considered as independent dimensions. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010;45:1095–1102. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.