bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ToF‐SIMS imaging and depth profiling of HeLa cells treated with bromodeoxyuridine
Authors: Brison Jeremy , Benoit Danielle S. W. , Muramoto Shin , Robinson Michael , Stayton Patrick S. , Castner David G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTime‐of‐flight (ToF) SIMS 2D images and molecular depth profiles of human HeLa cells treated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were acquired in the dual beam mode (Bi3+ analysis beam, C60+ etching beam). Several preparation protocols were investigated and were compared to a simple wash‐and‐dry method. The feasibility of using C60 to clean the samples prior to imaging with Bi was also investigated quantitatively by calibrating full depth profiles of the cells using atomic force microscopy. BrdU was used as a marker for the cell nucleus, facilitating identification and localization of subcellular features during depth profiling. Results show that C60 can be used to remove the surface contamination and to access different layers within the cells for 2D imaging. For a 1 nA, 10 keV C60+ beam incident at 45° and rastered over a 500 × 500 µm2 area, ∼1 nm of biological material was sputtered every second. Our results show that HeLa cells were completely removed after etching with 1.3 × 1015 C60+ ions per cm2, giving an average etching rate of 3.9 nm for every 1013 C60 per cm2 at 10 keV and 45° incidence. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of charge effect during Cs+ sputtering of polystyrene in the pre‐equilibrium regime
Authors: Wahoud F. , Mouhib T. , Audinot J.‐N. , Delcorte A. , Migeon H.‐N. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of the insulating nature of polystyrene thin films on the SIMS signal during Cs+ sputtering. A threshold primary fluence φth (∼3 × 1014 cm−2 for a 150 nm film) marks the transition between different behaviours for charge accumulation/neutralization and their effects on the detected SIMS signal. For Cs+ fluences lower than φth, the voltage difference between the surface and the conductive substrate increases linearly with the film thickness. This voltage difference is due to the accumulation of positive charge on the film surface, which causes a breakdown in the SIMS signal. At fluence φth, the accumulated charge density induces in the polystyrene film a high electric field permitting to reach the dielectric breakdown voltage, i.e. the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to become electrically conductive. In this paper, we will suppose that the positive charge, previously accumulated on the surface, could be then neutralized through the conductive regions, which are created in the insulating film. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing C60 incidence angle for polymer depth profiling by ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Iida Shin‐ichi , Miyayama Takuya , Sanada Noriaki , Suzuki Mineharu , Fisher Gregory L. , Bryan Scott R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe introduction of C60+ as a sputter ion beam for ToF‐SIMS has made it possible to acquire molecular depth profiles on a wide variety of polymers. However, previous studies have indicated that certain classes of polymers undergo sputter‐induced damage when bombarded with C60+ that prevents obtaining stable molecular secondary ion signals as a function of depth. A number of different analytical parameters have been previously explored in attempts to improve depth profiling of these polymer classes. In this study, the effect of C60+ incident angle on the ability to depth profile polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS) was investigated at angles from 48° to 76° with respect to the sample normal. This study indicates that the highest sputtering angle provided the best conditions for molecular depth profiling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depth profiling of anodic tantalum oxide films with gold cluster ions
Authors: Poerschke David , Wucher Andreas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn order to investigate the merits of cluster bombardment for inorganic sputter depth profiling, thin (50‐nm) anodic Ta2O5 films were analyzed by ToF‐SNMS using 25 keV Aun+ projectile ions. The same focused primary ion beam was employed both for sputter erosion and (static) data acquisition. Sputtered neutral particles were postionized by means of single photon ionization using a 157 nm F2 excimer laser. The results show that, for the amorphous films investigated here, the transition from mono‐ to polyatomic projectiles does not lead to a significant improvement of the apparent depth resolution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SKP as a tool to study the physicochemical interaction at buried metal–coating interfaces
Authors: Wielant Jan , Posner Ralf , Hausbrand René , Grundmeier Guido , Terryn Herman 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) was used as a tool to receive information about the interfacial interaction strength between coatings and oxide surfaces. Potential shifts induced by the application of two polymer films (polyurethane and epoxy‐amide) on differently treated steel substrates were measured as a function of the physicochemical condition of the oxide surface (hydroxyl fraction and surface energy). The results showed that, in the case of strong interfacial acid‐base interactions, a direct correlation exists between the Volta potential drop and the adhesion strength of the coating. This phenomenon indicated that the interface dipoles formed by oxide‐coating acid‐base interactions were reflected in the SKP potential shifts and that these dipoles could be detected, even when they were covered by a thick coating. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Work‐related dimensions and job stress: the moderating effect of coping strategies
Authors: Wickramasinghe Vathsala 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the moderating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between work‐related dimensions (i.e. work routinization, role clarity, relationships with others and promotional opportunity) and job stress. For the study, a convenience sample of 385 white‐collar employees, full‐time employed in various types of private sector organizations, belong to different industries and ranked at different levels within the organizations responded. The factor analysis led to identify four broad coping strategies that individuals use, namely, individual positive coping, workplace initiatives, workplace informal support and individual destructive coping. It was found that both individual positive coping and workplace initiatives moderate the relationship between ‘relationships with others’ and job stress. However, none of the coping strategies have moderated the relationship between job stress and the other three work‐related dimensions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irritant‐drinking behaviour can be modified by gravity‐stress loaded in developing but not in adult rats
Authors: Kimoto Mari , Zeredo Jorge L , Toda Kazuo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIt is generally accepted that taste and taste‐related trigeminal chemical sensation bring up emotions that are essential for animal living and for a good quality of life, and that stress may modify sensory systems related to emotionality. The purpose of this study was to clarify (1) the effects of stress on taste and trigeminal irritant sensations, (2) effects of stress at a developing stage on these sensations. Male Wistar albino rats received 1G, 2G or 3G stimulation. Hyper‐gravity was applied with a centrifugal apparatus. The two‐bottle preference test was performed to measure chemical sensation. Adult rats received 1G (control), 2G (moderate) or 3G (strong) gravity loading every 10  min/day during 32 days. Developing rats received 3G gravity loading every 10  min/day during 45 days and were compared with 1G controls. As test solutions, taste solutions (sucrose, saccharin, citric acid, NaCl, monosodium glutamate, quinine and caffeine) and a trigeminal irritant solution (capsaicin) were used. In developing rats, but not in adult rats, hyper‐gravity stimulation increased the intake volume of sucrose, saccharin, NaCl, quinine and capsaicin, and the preference ratio for quinine, caffeine and capsaicin. It is suggested that the life stage where stress is loaded is critical for determining changes in emotionality as well as in emotion‐related sensory systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to psychosocial risks at work in prisons: does contact with inmates matter? A pilot study among prison workers in Spain
Authors: Ghaddar Ali , Ronda Elena , Nolasco Andreu , Álvares Nahum , Mateo Inmaculada 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResearch has lately increased its focus on work conditions as predictors of stress among prison workers but only few studies have focused on how the exposure of workers to psychosocial risks vary according to their occupational groups and their contact with inmates. Work psychosocial risks (demands, control and social support) were assessed using the Spanish version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire among 164 Spanish prison workers (43 per cent of those surveyed). Regression analysis was used to explore how psychosocial hazards and their combinations (outcome variables) vary according to occupational groups. Results suggest that psychosocial risks were highest among guards that have more contact with inmates. Implications of the findings for policy making and practice application are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency and cause of disagreements in imaging diagnosis in children with ventriculomegaly diagnosed prenatally
Authors: Senapati G. M. , Levine D. , SMITH C. , Estroff J. A. , Barnewolt C. E. , Robertson R. L. , Poussaint T. Y. , Mehta T. S. , Werdich X. Q. , Pier D. , Feldman H. A. , Robson C. D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the frequency and cause of variability in diagnosis on cranial sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children referred following prenatal diagnosis of ventriculomegaly.MethodsBetween 19 September 2003 and 16 March 2007, 119 infants with ultrasound and/or MRI studies performed within 13 months (median, 6 days) after birth, following prenatal referral for ventriculomegaly, were studied prospectively. There were 97 infants with ultrasound results and 53 with MRI, including 31 with both. Three sonologists and three pediatric neuroradiologists interpreted the postnatal ultrasound and MRI findings, blinded to prenatal diagnosis, and a final consensus diagnosis or group of diagnoses was obtained. Ventricular sizes as well as types of and reasons for any disagreement in diagnosis were recorded. Disagreements on a per patient basis were categorized as being major when they crossed diagnostic categories and had the potential to change patient counseling. Postnatal and prenatal diagnoses were compared.ResultsThere was prospective agreement on 42/97 (43%) ultrasound and on 9/53 (17%) MRI readings. Prospective consensus was more likely when the number of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies was lower (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002 for ultrasound and MRI, respectively). In 24/55 (44%) ultrasound and 11/44 (25%) MRI examinations with disagreement in diagnosis, there was disagreement concerning the presence of ventriculomegaly. In 22/97 (23%) ultrasound studies and 22/53 (42%) MRI studies the disagreements were potentially important. Reasons for discrepancies in the reporting of major findings included errors of observation as well as modality differences in depiction of abnormalities. In comparing prenatal with postnatal diagnoses, there were 11/97 (11%) ultrasound and 27/53 (51%) MRI examinations with newly detected major findings, the most common being migrational abnormalities, callosal dysgenesis/destruction and interval development of hemorrhage.ConclusionVariability in postnatal CNS diagnosis is common after a prenatal diagnosis of ventriculomegaly. This is due in part to a lack of standardization in the definition of postnatal ventriculomegaly. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional reporters for genes activated by cell wall stress through a non‐catalytic mechanism involving Mpk1 and SBF
Authors: Kim Ki‐Young , Levin David E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Mpk1 MAP kinase of the cell wall integrity (CWI) signalling pathway induces transcription of the FKS2 gene in response to cell wall stress through a non‐catalytic mechanism that involves stable association of Mpk1 with the Swi4 transcription factor. This dimeric complex binds to a Swi4 recognition site in the FKS2 promoter. The Swi6 transcription factor is also required to bind this ternary complex for transcription initiation to ensue. In this context, the Mlp1 pseudokinase serves a redundant function with Mpk1. We have identified three additional genes, CHA1, YLR042c and YKR013w, that are induced by cell wall stress through the same mechanism. We report on the behaviour of several promoter–lacZ reporter plasmids designed to detect cell wall stress transcription through this pathway. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Separating and Enrichment of 4,4′‐Dimethylsterols of Vegetable Oils by Solid‐Phase Extraction
Authors: Azadmard‐Damirchi Sodeif , Nemati Mahboob , Hesari Javad , Ansarin Masoud , Fathi‐Achachlouei Bahram 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPhytosterols are separated into three classes: 4‐desmethylsterols, 4‐monomethylsterols and 4,4′‐dimethylsterols. 4,4′‐Dimethylsterols are used to detect vegetable oil adulteration and some compounds from this class can have anti‐inflammatory and anticancer properties. There are methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC) and solid phase extraction (SPE) used to separate phytosterol classes from each other. However, in some cases, separation of all three classes is not required. In addition, TLC has some drawbacks such as low recovery and it is time consuming. An SPE method has previously been used, but it was necessary to use high volume of solvents with this method to avoid coelution of phytosterol classes. In this study, an SPE (silica, 1 g) method was developed to separate and enrich only 4,4′‐dimethylsterols from unsaponifiables of vegetable oil samples using 25 mL n‐hexane and diethyl ether (95:5, v:v). This method was applied to hazelnut and olive oils and results were compared with those of TLC and the previously developed SPE method. Recovery of 4,4′‐dimethylsterols was two times higher with the new SPE method compared with the TLC method. The newly developed SPE method generally gave a similar recovery compared with the previously developed SPE method. Moreover, the SPE method developed in this study has the advantage of using a 3.5 times lower volume of solvent than previously developed SPE methods. Because the newly developed SPE method has a single step requiring a low volume of solvents, it is rapid and simple, and can easily be used to detect olive oil adulteration with hazelnut oil and to analyze and quantify effective nutritional compounds in the 4,4′‐dimethylsterols class.
Does botulinum toxin A improve the walking pattern in children with idiopathic toe-walking?
Authors: Engström Pähr , Gutierrez-Farewik Elena M. , Bartonek Åsa , Tedroff Kristina , Orefelt Christina , Haglund-Åkerlind Yvonne 
Published: May 2010

Background Numerous recommendations have been made for treating idiopathic toe-walking (ITW), but the treatment results have been questioned. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether botulinum toxin A (BTX) improves the walking pattern in ITW as examined with 3-D gait analysis. Participants and methods A consecutive series of 15 children (aged 5–13 years) were enrolled in the study. The children underwent a 3-D gait analysis prior to treatment with a total of 6 units/kg bodyweight Botox® in the calf muscles and an exercise program. The gait analysis was repeated 3 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. A classification of toe-walking severity was made before treatment and after 12 months. The parents rated the perceived amount of toe-walking prior to treatment and 6 and 12 months after treatment. Results Eleven children completed the 12-month follow-up. The gait analysis results displayed a significant improvement, indicating decreased plantarflexion angle at initial contact and during swing phase and increased dorsiflexion angle during midstance at all post-treatment testing instances. According to the parents’ perception of toe-walking, 3/11 children followed for 12 months had ceased toe-walking completely, 4/11 decreased toe-walking, and 4/11 continued toe-walking. After 6–12 months, the toe-walking severity classification improved in 9 of the 14 children for whom data could be assessed. Conclusions A single injection of BTX in combination with an exercise program can improve the walking pattern in children with ITW seen at gait analysis, but the obvious goal of ceasing toe-walking is only occasionally reached.
Prevention of mental ill-health and suicide: Public health perspectives
Authors: Hoven C.W. , Mandell D.J. , Bertolote J.M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates for the year 2020, approximately 1.5 million people will commit suicide, and at least 10 times that many will make an attempt. This paper offers a brief overview of the current state of the epidemiology of suicide, a burgeoning public health problem. The information provided is based in large measure on reports of suicide mortality from 130/193 countries. In order to contextualize these data, this paper explores the contribution of both individual and sociocultural factors that influence suicidal behavior, from which much has been learned. Outlining the history of attempts by international and national organizations like WHO, United Nations, member states in the European community and other countries to regularize identification and suicide reporting procedures, this paper also demonstrates that serious knowledge gaps remain. Minimal requirements for successful evidence-based interventions are presented.
Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix
Authors: Li Guiling , Jiang Wei , Gui Suiqi , Xu Congjian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundPrecise preoperative diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) of the uterine cervix is often difficult because the histological features of MDA closely resemble those of normal cervical glands.ObjectiveTo review the developments in the diagnosis and treatment of MDA over the past 35 years.Search strategyWe performed a meta‐analysis of all case reports published in the English and Chinese languages between 1975 and 2009 that included a histopathologic diagnosis of MDA. Pooled odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated for comparisons and analyzed.ResultsThe histopathologic diagnosis of MDA remains difficult and is currently based on antigen detection by immunohistochemistry. Cytologic assessment and routine biopsy have low detection rates for MDA. Cross‐sectional imaging techniques are helpful but a deep cervical biopsy or cervical conization is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. The mean survival is about 5 years for patients with stage I, 38.1 months for patients with stage II, 22.8 months for patients with stage III, and 5.4 months for patients with stage IV MDA.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and treatment are key to improving prognosis and survival in patients with MDA.
K-theoretic exceptional collections at roots of unity
Authors: Polishchuk A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUsing cyclotomic specializations of equivariant K-theory with respect to a torus action we derive congruences for discrete invariants of exceptional objects in derived categories of coherent sheaves on a class of varieties that includes Grassmannians and smooth quadrics. For example, we prove that if , where the ni's are powers of a fixed prime number p, then the rank of an exceptional object on X is congruent to ±1 modulo p.
Effects of peanut processing on body weight and fasting plasma lipids
Authors: McKiernan Fiona , Lokko Phoebe , Kuevi Anna , Sales Regiane L. , Costa Neuza M. B. , Bressan Josefina , Alfenas Rita C. G. , Mattes Richard D. 
Published: May 2010

Peanuts and peanut butter are commonly consumed as a snack, meal component and ingredient in various commercial products. Their consumption is associated with reduced CVD risk and they pose little threat to positive energy balance. However, questions have arisen as to whether product form (e.g. whole nutv.butter) and processing properties (e.g. roasting and adding flavours) may compromise their positive health effects. The present study investigated the effects of peanut form and processing on two CVD risk factors: fasting plasma lipids and body weight. One hundred and eighteen adults (forty-seven males and seventy-one females; age 29·2 (sd8·4) years; BMI 30·0 (sd4·5) kg/m2) from Brazil, Ghana and the United States were randomised to consume 56 g of raw unsalted (n23), roasted unsalted (n24), roasted salted (n23) or honey roasted (n24) peanuts, or peanut butter (n24) daily for 4 weeks. Peanut form and processing did not differentially affect body weight or fasting plasma lipid responses in the total sample. However, HDL-cholesterol increased significantly at the group level, and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations decreased significantly in individuals classified as having elevated fasting plasma lipids compared with those with normal fasting plasma lipids. These observations suggest that the processing attributes assessed in this trial do not compromise the lipid-lowering effects of peanuts, and do not negatively impact body weight. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of form and processing on other health risk factors.
Effects of phytosterol ester-enriched low-fat milk on serum lipoprotein profile in mildly hypercholesterolaemic patients are not related to dietary cholesterol or saturated fat intake
Authors: Hernández-Mijares Antonio , Bañuls Celia , Rocha Milagros , Morillas Carlos , Martínez-Triguero María L. , Víctor Víctor M. , Lacomba Ramón , Alegría Amparo , Barberá Reyes , Farré Rosaura , Lagarda María Jesús 
Published: May 2010

Phytosterols (PS) are recommended to reduce LDL-cholesterol. However, the influence of cholesterol and fat intake on the lipid-lowering effect of PS in mildly hypercholesterolaemia is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the efficacy of PS is related to the composition of saturated fat and dietary cholesterol intake. Additionally, serum carotenoid content was analysed to evaluate to what extent it was undermined by PS. This was a 3-month randomised, parallel trial with a three-arm design. Patients were divided into three groups: healthy diet (n24), healthy diet+PS (n31) and free diet+PS (n29), receiving 2 g/d of PS. Healthy and free diets were characterised by a daily ingestion of 6·8 % of saturated fat and 194·4 mg of cholesterol and 12·7 % of saturated fat and 268·1 mg of cholesterol, respectively. After PS therapy, patients receiving the healthy diet+PS or a free diet+PS exhibited a similar reduction in total cholesterol (6·7 and 5·5 %), LDL-cholesterol (9·6 and 7·0 %), non-HDL-cholesterol (12·2 and 8·9 %) and apo B-100/apo A-I ratio (11·5 and 11·6 %), respectively. In patients following the healthy diet, (β-carotene concentration rose by 26·9 %, whereas the β-carotene and lycopene levels dropped by 21·0 and 22·8 % in the group receiving the free diet+PS, respectively. No change was observed in carotenoid levels in healthy diet+PS group. In conclusion, the efficacy of PS in relation to lipoprotein profile is not influenced by saturated fat or dietary cholesterol intake, which confirms the positive effect of healthy diet therapy in improving the negative effects that PS exert on carotenoid levels.