Standardised protocol for a prospective international multicentre clinical-based evaluation of point-of-care tests for the screening of genital and extragenital chlamydial and gonococcal infections in men who have sex with men and for the screening of genital chlamydial, gonococcal and
Trichomonas vaginalis
infections in at risk women
Authors: Cordioli Maddalena , Gios Lorenzo , Mirandola Massimo , Zorzi Antonella , Barbara Christopher , Padovese Valeska , Hancali Amina , Oumzi Hicham , Kularatne Ranmini , Jiang Ting-Ting , Caceres Carlos F , Vargas Silver , Alvarez Christian S , Camey Elsy , Peeling Rosanna W , Unemo Magnus , Ballard Ron , Blondeel Karel , Kiarie James , Thwin Soe Soe , Toskin Igor 
Published: June 2024

Introduction

In 2016, WHO estimated there were roughly 374 million new infections among adults of the following four curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs): chlamydia (caused by
Chlamydia trachomatis
(CT)), gonorrhoea (
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(NG)), syphilis (
Treponema pallidum
) and trichomoniasis (
Trichomonas vaginalis
(TV)). Accurate point-of-care tests (POCTs) for screening of genital and extragenital CT, NG and TV infections are of great value and have been developed during recent decade. Several tests are commercially available and have shown encouraging performance compared with ‘gold-standard’ reference tests in laboratory-based studies. However, there is limited data on their clinical performance, including at the POC. Key populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), are at higher risk of these STIs at genital and extragenital sites and these STIs are often asymptomatic, especially in extragenital sites and in women. We will conduct a clinical-based evaluation to assess the performance characteristics and acceptability to end-users of molecular-based diagnostic technology for POC/near patient use of the Xpert CT/NG (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California, USA) test for screening of genital, anorectal and pharyngeal CT and NG infections in MSM and the Xpert CT/NG and Xpert TV (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California, USA) for screening of genital CT, NG and TV among women at risk for these STIs compared with gold-standard reference nucleic acid amplification tests. This master protocol outlines the overall research approach that will be used in seven countries.

Method and analyses
Consecutive MSM and women at risk presenting at the clinical sites in high, and low- and middle-income countries will be enrolled. The POCTs to be evaluated are Xpert CT/NG and Xpert TV. All procedures will be carried out by trained healthcare staff and tests performed in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for each POCT will be calculated. The study is ongoing with recruitment expected to be completed in all countries by mid-2022 to late-2022.

Ethics and dissemination
Prior to enrolment, this core protocol was independently peer-reviewed and approved by the research project review panel (RP2) of the WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research and by the WHO Ethics Review Committee (ERC). The core protocol has been slightly adapted accordingly to individual countries and adaptations approved by both RP2 and ERC, as well as all relevant institutional review boards at each participating site. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant national/international conferences.