bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular disease risk exacerbates brain aging among Hispanic/Latino adults in the SOL-INCA-MRI Study
Authors: Stickel Ariana M. , Tarraf Wassim , Gonzalez Kevin A. , Paredes Alejandra Morlett , Zeng Donglin , Cai Jianwen , Isasi Carmen R. , Kaplan Robert , Lipton Richard B. , Daviglus Martha L. , Testai Fernando D. , Lamar Melissa , Gallo Linda C. , Talavera Gregory A. , Gellman Marc D. , Ramos Alberto R. , Ivanovic Vladimir , Seiler Stephan , González Hector M. , DeCarli Charles 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are highly prevalent among Hispanic/Latino adults, while the prevalence of MRI infarcts is not well-documented. We, therefore, sought to examine the relationships between CVD risk factors and infarcts with brain structure among Hispanic/Latino individuals.MethodsParticipants included 1,886 Hispanic/Latino adults (50–85 years) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of the Study of Latinos—Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging-MRI (SOL-INCA-MRI) study. CVD risk was measured approximately 10.5 years before MRI using the Framingham cardiovascular risk score, a measure of 10-year CVD risk (low (&lt;10%), medium (10- &lt; 20%), and high (≥20%)). MR infarcts were determined as present or absent. Outcomes included total brain, cerebral and lobar cortical gray matter, hippocampal, lateral ventricle, and total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes. Linear regression models tested associations between CVD risk and infarct with MRI outcomes and for modifications by age and sex.ResultsSixty percent of participants were at medium or high CVD risk. Medium and high CVD risk were associated with lower total brain and frontal gray matter and higher WMH volumes compared to those with low CVD risk. High CVD risk was additionally associated with lower total cortical gray matter and parietal volumes and larger lateral ventricle volumes. Men tended to have greater CVDRF-related differences in total brain volumes than women. The association of CVD risk factors on total brain volumes increased with age, equal to an approximate 7-year increase in total brain aging among the high-CVD-risk group compared to the low-risk group. The presence of infarct(s) was associated with lower total brain volumes, which was equal to an approximate 5-year increase in brain aging compared to individuals without infarcts. Infarcts were also associated with smaller total cortical gray matter, frontal and parietal volumes, and larger lateral ventricle and WMH volumes.ConclusionThe high prevalence of CVD risk among Hispanic/Latino adults may be associated with accelerated brain aging.
ECG-based estimation of respiration-induced autonomic modulation of AV nodal conduction during atrial fibrillation
Authors: Plappert Felix , Engström Gunnar , Platonov Pyotr G. , Wallman Mikael , Sandberg Frida 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Information about autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity may offer insights about atrial fibrillation (AF) progression and support personalized AF treatment but is not easily accessible from the ECG. In this study, we propose a new approach for ECG-based assessment of respiratory modulation in atrioventricular (AV) nodal refractory period and conduction delay.Methods: A 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) was trained to estimate respiratory modulation of AV nodal conduction properties from 1-minute segments of RR series, respiration signals, and atrial fibrillatory rates (AFR) using synthetic data that replicates clinical ECG-derived data. The synthetic data were generated using a network model of the AV node and 4 million unique model parameter sets. The 1D-CNN was then used to analyze respiratory modulation in clinical deep breathing test data of 28 patients in AF, where an ECG-derived respiration signal was extracted using a novel approach based on periodic component analysis.Results: We demonstrated using synthetic data that the 1D-CNN can estimate the respiratory modulation from RR series alone with a Pearson sample correlation of r = 0.805 and that the addition of either respiration signal (r = 0.830), AFR (r = 0.837), or both (r = 0.855) improves the estimation.Discussion: Initial results from analysis of ECG data suggest that our proposed estimate of respiration-induced autonomic modulation, aresp, is reproducible and sufficiently sensitive to monitor changes and detect individual differences. However, further studies are needed to verify the reproducibility, sensitivity, and clinical significance of aresp.
Association among attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, restless legs syndrome, and peripheral iron status: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xiao Guoqiang , Shi Hongting , Lan Qiaoyu , Hu Jiajia , Guan Jincheng , Liang Zhuoji , Zhou Chumeng , Huang Zitong , Chen Yongyuan , Zhou Borong 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundEpidemiological evidence indicates a high correlation and comorbidity between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the causal relationship and shared genetic architecture between ADHD and RLS, as well as explore potential causal associations between both disorders and peripheral iron status.MethodsWe performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using summary statistics from genome-wide meta-analyses of ADHD, RLS, and peripheral iron status (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and total iron binding capacity). Additionally, we employed linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to assess genetic correlations between ADHD and RLS using genetic data.ResultsOur MR results supports a causal effect from ADHD (as exposure) to RLS (as outcome) (inverse variance weighted OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.34, p = 0.001). Conversely, we found no a causal association from RLS to ADHD (inverse variance weighted OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.99-1.09, p = 0.11). LDSC analysis did not detect a significant genetic correlation between RLS and ADHD (Rg = 0.3, SE = 0.16, p = 0.068). Furthermore, no evidence supported a causal relationship between peripheral iron deficiency and the RLS or ADHD onset. However, RLS may have been associated with a genetic predisposition to reduced serum ferritin levels (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, p = 0.047).ConclusionThis study suggests that ADHD is an independent risk factor for RLS, while RLS may confer a genetic predisposition to reduced serum ferritin levels.LimitationsThe GWAS summary data utilized originated from populations of European ancestry, limiting the generalizability of conclusions to other populations.Clinical implicationsThe potential co-occurrence of RLS in individuals with ADHD should be considered during diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, iron supplementation may be beneficial for alleviating RLS symptoms.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a mobile app-based self-guided psychological interventions to reduce relapse in substance use disorder: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Redeł Anna , Binkowska Alicja Anna , Obarska Katarzyna , Marcowski Przemysław , Szymczak Karol , Lewczuk Karol , Solich Katarzyna , Banaszak Maria , Woronowicz Bohdan , Nowicka Małgorzata , Skorko Maciej , Gola Mateusz , Bielecki Maksymilian 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundSubstance Use Disorder (SUD) persists as a significant public health challenge worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 10-15% across the global populace. This condition is characterized by a notably high risk of lapses and relapses, even subsequent to treatment interventions. Mobile health interventions, owing to their widespread accessibility, emerge as a promising approach to diminish the risk of relapse post-treatment and to broaden the scope of care, especially in regions with a scarcity of trained medical professionals.MethodThis study is designed to assess the effectiveness of mobile interventions in mitigating cravings and preventing lapses among individuals diagnosed with SUD. Employing a two-armed, randomized controlled trial framework, the study will evaluate a self-administered psychological intervention delivered through a mobile application, Nałogometr 2.0. Over a period of three months, participants will engage with intervention modules that primarily incorporate mindfulness techniques and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) will be utilized to gather longitudinal data on a range of variables that are indicative of craving intensity and the risk of lapse. In addition to this, a monthly-administered battery of questionnaires will be employed to gauge the severity of substance dependence, as well as to measure levels of anxiety, depression, and overall life satisfaction.ResultsResults will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier [NCT05730504].
Methylphenidate, but not citalopram, decreases impulsive choice in rats performing a temporal discounting task
Authors: Koloski Miranda F. , Terry Alyssa , Lee Noelle , Ramanathan Dhakshin S. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionDrugs targeting monoamine systems remain the most common treatment for disorders with impulse control impairments. There is a body of literature suggesting that drugs affecting serotonin reuptake and dopamine reuptake can modulate distinct aspects of impulsivity – though such tests are often performed using distinct behavioral tasks prohibiting easy comparisons.MethodsHere, we directly compare pharmacologic agents that affect dopamine (methylphenidate) vs serotonin (citalopram) manipulations on choice impulsivity in a temporal discounting task where rats could choose between a small, immediate reward or a large reward delayed at either 2 or 10s. In control conditions, rats preferred the large reward at a small (2s) delay and discounted the large reward at a long (10s) delay.ResultsMethylphenidate, a dopamine transport inhibitor that blocks reuptake of dopamine, dose-dependently increased large reward preference in the long delay (10s) block. Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, had no effect on temporal discounting behavior. Impulsive behavior on the temporal discounting task was at least partially mediated by the nucleus accumbens shell. Bilateral lesions to the nucleus accumbens shell reduced choice impulsivity during the long delay (10s) block. Following lesions, methylphenidate did not impact impulsivity.DiscussionOur results suggest that striatal dopaminergic systems modulate choice impulsivity via actions within the nucleus accumbens shell, whereas serotonin systems may regulate different aspects of behavioral inhibition/impulsivity.
Pustka w sercu miasta dziedzictwa
Authors: Wiśniewski Michał 
Published: May 2024

W ostatnich trzech dekadach Kraków był świadkiem gwałtownego rozwoju usług turystycznych. Szybki wzrost liczby osób odwiedzających miasto szedł w parze z równie szybkim wzrostem liczby hoteli, lokali najmu krótkoterminowego oraz lokali gastronomicznych. Turystyczne funkcje Krakowa wzmacniał rozwój sektora kultury w duchu parków rozrywki. Wymienione zjawiska doprowadziły do wielu strukturalnych zmian w przestrzeni historycznego centrum miasta. Jedna z nich to drastyczny spadek liczby mieszkańców. Celem artykułu jest analiza kolejnych zmian, które doprowadziły do takiego stanu.
High-speed blade-coating using liquid crystalline organic semiconductor Ph-BTBT-10
Authors: Suzuki Issei , Hanna Jun-ichi , Iino Hiroaki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have investigated the fabrication of crystalline thin films of a liquid crystalline organic semiconductor (2-decyl-7-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene: Ph-BTBT-10) by high-speed blade-coating at 140 mm s−1. Uniform crystalline Ph-BTBT-10 films were fabricated at temperatures over 50 °C, which is the temperature of the liquid crystal phase, without inhomogeneous recrystallization, despite the high-speed blade-coating. Transistors fabricated using these films showed a high average carrier mobility of 4.8 cm2 Vs−1 for 26 devices, with a coefficient of variation of only 7.3%. We concluded that liquid crystalline organic semiconductors are useful materials for high-speed meniscus-guided-coating for practical use.
Pemberdayaan Guru SMKN 1 Demak Melalui Program Guru Menulis Guna Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesionalisme
Authors: Wahyudin Agus , Yanto Heri , Sari Maylia Pramono , Nurkhin Ahmad , Budiantoro Risanda 
Published: May 2024

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong> </p><p><em>Permasalahan yang dihadapi terkait penyusunan artikel ilmiah bagi guru SMK</em><em>N</em><em> 1 Demak dikarenakan tidak terbiasa melakukan penelitian, menulis paper, bahkan bila laporan penelitian tersebut ada seringkali hanya berakhir dalam bentuk laporan. Oleh karena itu, tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat</em><em> </em><em>melakukan program guru menulis untuk melakukan pemecahan masalah rendahnya kemampuan menulis karya ilmiah di kalangan guru khususnya guru SMK</em><em>N</em><em> 1 Demak. </em><em>Tim pelaksana dari pengadian kepada masyarakat ini adalah dosen Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Negeri Semarang. </em><em>Model program pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan dengan metode pelatihan partisipatif melalui sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan workshop dengan mitra berupa kepala sekolah dan 115 guru SMK</em><em>N</em><em> 1 Demak. Materi yang disampaikan berupa filsafat dasar penelitian, penelitian kuantitatif sebagai metodol</em><em>o</em><em>gi penelitian, pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence</em><em> (</em><em>AI</em><em>)</em><em> untuk penelitian, penyusunan artikel ilmiah, dan publikasi jurnal ilmiah. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan guru dalam menulis</em><em>,</em><em> khususnya dalam menghasilkan publikasi ilmiah. </em><em>Hasil kegiatan </em><em>pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kompetensi dan profesionalisme guru di SMK</em><em>N</em><em> 1 Demak</em><em>.</em></p><p><strong>Kata kunci<em>:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Program Guru Menulis, Kompetensi Profesionalisme, Artikel Ilmiah, Publikasi Jurnal.</em></strong></p>
Locking Versus Non-Locking Plate Fixation in the Management of Maxillofacial Fractures : A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Nitin Verma, Neha Mann, Jaspreet Kaur, Supreet Gill  
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Various methods of fixation have been advocated for the treatment of maxillofacial fractures. A new type of plating system, initially developed by Raveh et al. is locking plate/screw system. This system has various advantages over conventional non locking plating system like better stability, ease of plate adaptation, early restoration of function, internal locking system which decreases the chance of screw loosening and infection.
Objectives
A comparative evaluation of locking plates system versus conventional miniplates in maxillofacial fractures.
Method
Twenty patients presenting with maxillofacial fractures were treated with locking plates and conventional non locking plates in two years from 2014 to 2016. Ten patients were treated with locking plate system in group A and 10 patients with conventional non locking plates in group B. Patients were evaluated on clinical and radiographic parameters during three months follow up.
Results
Postoperative outcomes for both groups were extremely favorable with a relatively small number of complications. There was no case of postoperative wound dehiscence, infection, damage to tooth roots, plate exposure and plate removal, malunion and any other complication in both the groups. Postoperative occlusion disturbance was seen in 20% cases in both group A as well as group B in mandible fractures. In maxillary fractures postoperative occlusion disturbance was seen in one case (20%) in group B.
Conclusion
This study concluded that despite the significant theoretical advantages of locking system seen in biomechanical studies, no statistical significant results were found between these two systems. The postoperative outcomes for both groups were almost similar with a relatively small number of complications.
El Populismo del Siglo XXI y los Mecanismos que Destruyen la Democracia
Authors: Tejada Vargas Luis Antonio 
Published: May 2024

El populismo ha crecido de manera considerable en países de todos los continentes en lo que va del presente siglo. Esto se refleja en la elección de líderes y movimientos populistas para gobernar en países tan diversos como, por ejemplo, Bolivia, Estados Unidos y Hungría. Este hecho ha generado dos importantes debates entre los estudiosos del populismo: el primero, sobre cómo definirlo, dado que el uso indiscriminado para referirse a partidos y personajes de ideologías y distintos espectros políticos, y las valoraciones positivas y negativas respecto de su relación con la democracia, generan poca claridad conceptual y el segundo, sobre su relación con la democracia, específicamente, si la fortalece o la perjudica; acá, los estudiosos se dividen en tres grupos: los que consideran que el populismo la perjudica, los que consideran que la perjudica y beneficia de manera parcial y los que consideran que la beneficia. Este artículo tiene como finalidad analizar el debate sobre la definición de populismo y evidenciar los mecanismos a través de los cuales perjudica a la democracia. A partir del análisis de los discursos y actos de líderes y movimientos populistas emblemáticos de Latinoamérica, Europa y Estados Unidos, se plantea que el populismo es una ideología laxa que divide a la sociedad en dos extremos: por un lado, un pueblo virtuoso y puro, y por el otro, una élite corrupta. Asimismo, se concluye que el populismo no fortalece a la democracia, sino, por el contrario, la perjudica, al reemplazarla por un régimen con características totalitarias.
Dramatic Drop in the X-Ray Polarization of Swift J1727.8–1613 in the Soft Spectral State
Authors: Svoboda Jiří , Dovčiak Michal , Steiner James F. , Kaaret Philip , Podgorný Jakub , Poutanen Juri , Veledina Alexandra , Muleri Fabio , Taverna Roberto , Krawczynski Henric , Brigitte Maïmouna , Datta Sudeb Ranjan , Bianchi Stefano , Muñoz-Darias Teo , Negro Michela , Rodriguez Cavero Nicole , Castro Segura Noel , Bollemeijer Niek , García Javier A. , Ingram Adam , Matt Giorgio , Nathan Edward , Weisskopf Martin C. , Altamirano Diego , Baldini Luca , Capitanio Fiamma , Egron Elise , Emami Razieh , Hu Kun , Marra Lorenzo , Mastroserio Guglielmo , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Ratheesh Ajay , Soffitta Paolo , Tombesi Francesco , Yang Yi-Jung , Zhang Yuexin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Black hole X-ray binaries exhibit different spectral and timing properties in different accretion states. The X-ray outburst of a recently discovered and extraordinarily bright source, Swift J1727.8–1613, has enabled the first investigation of how the X-ray polarization properties of a source evolve with spectral state. The 2–8 keV polarization degree was previously measured by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) to be ≈4% in the hard and hard intermediate states. Here we present new IXPE results taken in the soft state, with the X-ray flux dominated by the thermal accretion disk emission. We find that the polarization degree has dropped dramatically to ≲1%. This result indicates that the measured X-ray polarization is largely sensitive to the accretion state and the polarization fraction is significantly higher in the hard state when the X-ray emission is dominated by upscattered radiation in the X-ray corona. The combined polarization measurements in the soft and hard states disfavor a very high or low inclination of the system.
‘To be or not to be’: a hit or a miss for Shakespeare’s early readers? (1603‒1800)
Authors: Mayer Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2024

This essay focuses on the early reception of Hamlet’s ‘To be or not to be’ speech. Its first section looks at the print configuration of the play’s original editions. The article then moves on to examine the passage’s early reception by its readers until the Restoration. It also offers a succinct exploration of the critical debates around Hamlet’s now famous speech in a third section. The last two sections continue to survey readers’ reactions and appropriations of the speech, this time from a later era (c. 1700 to 1800). The article’s findings are that even the most appreciative and learned readers never openly embraced the speech fully. However, on early stages, the speech acquired an aura: theatre managers, or directors sought through it to stir genuine emotions in their audiences – sentiments that readers could probably not wrestle with when engaged in the private study of the passage.
The psychosomatic experiences of women who had intrauterine foetal death in rural South Africa
Authors: Kharivhe Martha , Maluleke Mary , Masutha Thingahangwi , Thabathe Takalani , Manyuma Duppy , Lavhelani Ndivhaleni , Nemathaga Muofheni , Ramovha Muvhango , Netshikweta Mutshinyalo , Mulaudzi Mulatedzi 
Published: May 2024

Background: Intrauterine foetal death (IUFD) is a traumatic event leading to substantial grief reactions with a variety of experiences in an expectant woman. After delivery, these experiences have shown to impact the mother’s psychological well-being, where she experiences post-traumatic stress, sadness, anxiety and depression. The psychosomatic experiences before labour commenced are not known.Objectives: This study explored the psychosomatic (mind–body connection) experiences of women who had an IUFD before labour commenced in rural areas of Limpopo province, South Africa.Method: A qualitative approach with an explorative descriptive design was carried out among all 10 consented participants who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of women who delivered an IUFD as reflected by the hospital register from the selected hospitals. Data were collected at the participants’ homes through in-depth individual interviews guided by one open-ended central question as follows, ‘Please share with me your experiences of IUFD before you went into labour’, and analysed using Tesch’s open coding method.Results: Two themes reflecting the psychosomatic (mind–body connection) experiences of women who had an IUFD emerged from the analysis. The themes are danger alerts and emotional responses.Conclusion: This qualitative study revealed that women could relate a lack of or decreased foetal movement as the danger alert or warning sign that the baby was in danger before labour commenced. Upon noticing that something was wrong with the baby, a message was sent to the women’s minds, which equally affected and activated their emotional dimensions. An investigation regarding the kind of support needed by women after being informed of an IUFD is recommended.
Challenges in provision of anesthesia to transgender patients in India: A scoping review
Authors: Singh Shalendra , Ninan Roj T. , Ambooken George C. , Dhiman Mayank 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The care of transgender individuals has gained increasing attention in health-care settings, encompassing a wide range of medical specialties. Anesthesia is vital in perioperative care for them despite challenges like health-care access disparities, stigma, and discrimination. As they undergo routine surgeries or specific gender-affirming surgeries, anesthesia providers must be cognizant of anatomical, physiological, and psychosocial considerations that may impact the perioperative experience. Anesthesia for transgender individuals requires gender identity assessment, understanding of surgical needs, hormone therapy impact, preoperative assessments evaluating comorbidities, medication history, and psychosocial factors. Anesthesiologists should modify airway care and pain management techniques to accommodate patients’ preferences and gender-affirming surgical goals. They should also take into account any potential differences in the airways of transgender patients and optimize postoperative pain management in accordance with each patient’s particular surgical recovery. This article aims to focus on the perioperative care of transgender individuals, highlighting the distinct challenges encountered and potential solutions to address these unique issues.