bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs), their receptors and genetic regulation in the chondrogenesis and growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage
Authors: Patil Amol S. , Sable Ravindra B. , Kothari Ramanlal M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGrowth of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is reviewed as a function of genetic and epigenetic factors. The growth centers around the differential spatial concentration of the chondrocytes, influence of growth factors like TGF‐β and heterogeneity in the number of IGF receptors, control the action of IGF. Besides these factors, growth of the mandibular condyle is influenced by differential response of chondrocytes as a function of their source/ageing, which in turn is regulated by TGF‐β, BMPs and IGFs. While IGF‐1 promotes proteoglycan synthesis and survival of the chondrocytes to maintain cartilage homeostasis, TGF‐β synergistically catalysed the effect of IGF‐1, while BMPs catalysed proteolysis as and when physiologically needed. To understand these processes, role of IGF‐1 and its six receptors is at the center to a number of physiological processes being regulated by its mode of application for the growth and differentiation. Probing deeper, biological functions of IGFs seemed to depend on their level of free status rather than bound status to respective IGF‐binding proteins (IGF‐BPs), considered prerequisite to modulate their biological functions. Genetic regulation of their secretion has thrown light on their insulin‐like structural homology, level and response in osteo‐arthritis (OA), rheumatic arthritis (RA) and diabetes type‐II. Biochemistry and spatial distribution of IGF receptors in different domains exerts control on IGF‐1 activities. In ultimate analysis, IGF‐axis conserved during the evolution to regulate cell growth and proliferation affect nearly every organ in the body as judged from the techniques determining skeletal maturity and decision making dependent on it for orthodontic, orthognathic/orthopedic and dental implant applications. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1796–1804, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Requirements for ion and solute transport, and pH regulation during enamel maturation
Authors: Lacruz Rodrigo S. , Smith Charles E. , Moffatt Pierre , Chang Eugene H. , Bromage Timothy G. , Bringas Pablo , Nanci Antonio , Baniwal Sanjeev K. , Zabner Joseph , Welsh Michael J. , Kurtz Ira , Paine Michael L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTranscellular bicarbonate transport is suspected to be an important pathway used by ameloblasts to regulate extracellular pH and support crystal growth during enamel maturation. Proteins that play a role in amelogenesis include members of the ABC transporters (SLC gene family and CFTR). A number of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have also been identified. The defined functions of these genes are likely interlinked during enamel mineralization. The purpose of this study is to quantify relative mRNA levels of individual SLC, Cftr, and CAs in enamel cells obtained from secretory and maturation stages on rat incisors. We also present novel data on the enamel phenotypes for two animal models, a mutant porcine (CFTR‐ΔF508) and the NBCe1‐null mouse. Our data show that two SLCs (AE2 and NBCe1), Cftr, and Car2, Car3, Car6, and Car12 are all significantly up‐regulated at the onset of the maturation stage of amelogenesis when compared to the secretory stage. The remaining SLCs and CA gene transcripts showed negligible expression or no significant change in expression from secretory to maturation stages. The enamel of CFTR‐ΔF508 adult pigs was hypomineralized and showed abnormal crystal growth. NBCe1‐null mice enamel was structurally defective and had a marked decrease in mineral content relative to wild‐type. These data demonstrate the importance of many non‐matrix proteins to amelogenesis and that the expression levels of multiple genes regulating extracellular pH are modulated during enamel maturation in response to an increased need for pH buffering during hydroxyapatite crystal growth. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1776–1785, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acetylation‐dependent nuclear arrangement and recruitment of BMI1 protein to UV‐damaged chromatin
Authors: Šustáčková Gabriela , Kozubek Stanislav , Stixová Lenka , Legartová Soňa , Matula Pavel , Orlova Darya , Bártová Eva 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPolycomb group (PcG) proteins, organized into Polycomb bodies, are important regulatory components of epigenetic processes involved in the heritable transcriptional repression of target genes. Here, we asked whether acetylation can influence the nuclear arrangement and function of the BMI1 protein, a core component of the Polycomb group complex, PRC1. We used time‐lapse confocal microscopy, micro‐irradiation by UV laser (355 nm) and GFP technology to study the dynamics and function of the BMI1 protein. We observed that BMI1 was recruited to UV‐damaged chromatin simultaneously with decreased lysine acetylation, followed by the recruitment of heterochromatin protein HP1β to micro‐irradiated regions. Pronounced recruitment of BMI1 was rapid, with half‐time τ = 15 sec; thus, BMI1 is likely involved in the initiation step leading to the recognition of UV‐damaged sites. Histone hyperacetylation, stimulated by HDAC inhibitor TSA, suppression of transcription by actinomycin D, and ATP‐depletion prevented increased accumulation of BMI1 to γH2AX‐positive irradiated chromatin. Moreover, BMI1 had slight ability to recognize spontaneously occurring DNA breaks caused by other pathophysiological processes. Taken together, our data indicate that the dynamics of recognition of UV‐damaged chromatin, and the nuclear arrangement of BMI1 protein can be influenced by acetylation and occur as an early event prior to the recruitment of HPβ to UV‐irradiated chromatin. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1838–1850, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immortalization and characterization of osteoblast cell lines generated from wild‐type and Nmp4‐null mouse bone marrow stromal cells using murine telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTERT)
Authors: Alvarez Marta B. , Childress Paul , Philip Binu K. , Gerard‐O'Riley Rita , Hanlon Michael , Herbert Brittney‐Shea , Robling Alexander G. , Pavalko Fredrick M. , Bidwell Joseph P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) adds new bone to the osteoporotic skeleton; the transcription factor Nmp4/CIZ represses PTH‐induced bone formation in mice and as a consequence is a potential drug target for improving hormone clinical efficacy. To explore the impact of Nmp4/CIZ on osteoblast phenotype, we immortalized bone marrow stromal cells from wildtype (WT) and Nmp4‐knockout (KO) mice using murine telomerase reverse transcriptase. Clonal lines were initially chosen based on their positive staining for alkaline phosphatase and capacity for mineralization. Disabling Nmp4/CIZ had no gross impact on osteoblast phenotype development. WT and KO clones exhibited identical sustained growth, reduced population doubling times, extended maintenance of the mature osteoblast phenotype, and competency for differentiating toward the osteoblast and adipocyte lineages. Additional screening of the immortalized cells for PTH‐responsiveness permitted further studies with single WT and KO clones. We recently demonstrated that PTH‐induced c‐fos femoral mRNA expression is enhanced in Nmp4‐KO mice and in the present study we observed that hormone stimulated either an equivalent or modestly enhanced increase in c‐fos mRNA expression in both primary null and KO clone cells depending on PTH concentration. The null primary osteoblasts and KO clone cells exhibited a transiently enhanced response to bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). The clones exhibited lower and higher expressions of the PTH receptor (Pthr1) and the BMP2 receptor (Bmpr1a, Alk3), respectively, as compared to primary cells. These immortalized cell lines will provide a valuable tool for disentangling the complex functional roles underlying Nmp4/CIZ regulation of bone anabolism. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1873–1882, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis through modulation of Akt/FOXO3a/Bim pathway in human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Kar Susanta , Palit Shreyasi , Das Pijush K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTriterpenes found in plants display a multitude of biological activities, including anti‐tumor properties. The present study investigates the effect of 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA) a pentacyclic triterpenoid of the β‐amyrin type, isolated from the root of Licorice (Glycyrrhizza glabra) on human breast cancer cells, MCF‐7. GRA showed potent inhibitory effects on MCF‐7 proliferation in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner without affecting immortalized normal mammary epithelial cell line (MCF‐10A). Growth inhibition of MCF‐7 cells by GRA occurred through apoptosis, as evident from phosphatidyl serine externalization and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis was primarily mediated through mitochondrial death cascade as evidenced by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase‐9. GRA induced an increase in Bax:Bcl‐2 ratio along with a significant increase in the protein level of the BH3 protein Bim. SiRNA‐mediated knock down of Bim markedly attenuated GRA‐mediated apoptosis. Profiling of transcriptional regulators of Bim revealed a role of Forkhead box O 3a transcription factor (FOXO3a) as judged by increased expression and nuclear translocation of FOXO3a. Silencing of FOXO3a resulted in marked attenuation in the expression of Bim as well as protection against GRA‐mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, GRA‐induced activation and nuclear localization of FOXO3a was associated with a reduced activity of Akt kinase. These results suggest that GRA induces apoptosis in human breast carcinoma MCF‐7 cells via caspase activation and modulation of Akt/FOXO3a pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1923–1931, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The transient receptor potential channel TRPV6 is dynamically expressed in bone cells but is not crucial for bone mineralization in mice
Authors: van der Eerden Bram C.J. , Weissgerber Petra , Fratzl‐Zelman Nadja , Olausson Jenny , Hoenderop Joost G.J. , Schreuders‐Koedam Marijke , Eijken Marco , Roschger Paul , de Vries Teun J. , Chiba Hideki , Klaushofer Klaus , Flockerzi Veit , Bindels René J.M. , Freichel Marc , van Leeuwen Johannes P.T.M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBone is the major store for Ca2+ in the body and plays an important role in Ca2+ homeostasis. During bone formation and resorption Ca2+ must be transported to and from bone by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. However, little is known about the Ca2+ transport machinery in these bone cells. In this study, we examined the epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV6 in bone. TRPV6 mRNA is expressed in human and mouse osteoblast‐like cells as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cell‐derived human osteoclasts and murine tibial bone marrow‐derived osteoclasts. Also other transcellular Ca2+ transport genes, calbindin‐D9k and/or ‐D28K, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1, and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA1b) were expressed in these bone cell types. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy on human osteoblasts and osteoclasts and mouse osteoclasts revealed TRPV6 protein at the apical domain and PMCA1b at the osteoidal domain of osteoblasts, whereas in osteoclasts TRPV6 was predominantly found at the bone‐facing site. TRPV6 was dynamically expressed in human osteoblasts, showing maximal expression during mineralization of the extracellular matrix. 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) did not change TRPV6 expression in both mineralizing and non‐mineralizing SV‐HFO cultures. Lentiviral transduction‐mediated overexpression of TRPV6 in these cells did not alter mineralization. Bone microarchitecture and mineralization were unaffected in Trpv6D541A/D541A mice in which aspartate 541 in the pore region was replaced with alanine to render TRPV6 channels non‐functional. In summary, TRPV6 and other proteins involved in transcellular Ca2+ transport are dynamically expressed in bone cells, while TRPV6 appears not crucial for bone metabolism and matrix mineralization in mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1951–1959, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parathyroid hormone‐related protein is a hypertrophy factor for human mesangial cells: Implications for diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Ortega Arantxa , Romero Montserrat , Izquierdo Adriana , Troyano Nuria , Arce Yolanda , Ardura Juan Antonio , Arenas María Isabel , Bover Jordi , Esbrit Pedro , Bosch Ricardo J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHypertrophy of human mesangial cells (HMC) is among the earliest characteristics in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Recently, we observed the upregulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐related protein (PTHrP) in experimental DN, associated with renal hypertrophy. Herein, we first examined whether PTHrP was overexpressed in human DN, and next assessed the putative role of this protein on high glucose (HG)‐induced HMC hypertrophy. As previously found in mice, kidneys from diabetic patients showed an increased tubular and glomerular immunostaining for PTHrP. In HMC, HG medium increased PTHrP protein expression associated with the development of hypertrophy as assessed by cell protein content. This effect was also induced by PTHrP(1–36). HG and PTHrP(1–36)‐induced hypertrophy were associated with an increase in cyclin D1 and p27Kip1 protein expression, a decreased cyclin E expression, and the prevention of cyclin E/cdk2 complex activation. Both PTHrP neutralizing antiserum (α‐PTHrP) and the PTH/PTHrP receptor antagonist (JB4250) were able to abolish HG induction of hypertrophy, the aforementioned changes in cell cycle proteins, and also TGF‐β1 up‐regulation. Moreover, the capability of both HG and PTHrP(1–36) to induce HMC hypertrophy was abolished by α‐TGFβ1. These data show for the first time that PTHrP is upregulated in the kidney of patients with DN. Our findings also demonstrate that PTHrP acts as an important mediator of HG‐induced HMC hypertrophy by modulating cell cycle regulatory proteins and TGF‐β1. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1980–1987, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Bidder's organ of the toad Rhinella arenarum (Amphibia, Anura). Presence of steroidogenic enzymes
Authors: Scaia María Florencia , Regueira Eleonora , Sassone Alina Grisel , Volonteri María Clara , Ceballos Nora Raquel 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Bidder's organ (BO) of male true toads of Bufonidae family is located in the anterior pole of the testis and it has been compared to a rudimentary ovary because of the presence of previtellogenic follicles. In some species, BO remains in both sexes, while in others only adult males preserve the structure. Several studies suggest that the development of BO is inhibited by the differentiation of the corresponding gonad. The purpose of this study is to describe morphological and histological variability of the BO of Rhinella arenarum and also analyze its steroidogenic capacity. Observations indicate that although most bidderian follicles are in pre vitellogenesis, there are others in early or late vitellogenesis. Moreover, we found that BOs weight was significantly lower in males during the pre‐reproductive period and that there is no significant correlation between the weights of BO and the adjacent testis. We also analyzed the presence of steroidogenic enzymes using immunohistochemistry. Results indicate that all the follicles were immunoreactive with the antibody against aromatase, while only few of them were positive for the cytochrome P450 side‐chain cleavage. Furthermore, activities of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase, cytochrome P450 17‐hydroxylase, C17,20‐lyase and aromatase were detected by the transformation of radioactive substrates into products. Taken together, these results confirm the steroidogenic capacity of the BO in adult males of R. arenarum. J. Exp. Zool. 315:439–446, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mating does not influence reproductive investment, in a viviparous lizard
Authors: Bleu Josefa , Le Galliard Jean‐François , Meylan Sandrine , Massot Manuel , Fitze Patrick S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMating is crucial for females that reproduce exclusively sexually and should influence their investment into reproduction. Although reproductive adjustments in response to mate quality have been tested in a wide range of species, the effect of exposure to males and mating per se has seldom been studied. Compensatory mechanisms against the absence of mating may evolve more frequently in viviparous females, which pay higher direct costs of reproduction, due to gestation, than oviparous females. To test the existence of such mechanisms in a viviparous species, we experimentally manipulated the mating opportunity of viviparous female lizard, Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara. We assessed the effect of mating on ovulation, postpartum body condition and parturition date, as well as on changes in locomotor performances and body temperatures during the breeding cycle. Female lizards ovulated spontaneously and mating had no influence on litter size, locomotor impairment or on selected body temperature. However, offspring production induced a more pronounced locomotor impairment and physical burden than the production of undeveloped eggs. Postpartum body condition and parturition dates were not different among females. This result suggests that gestation length is not determined by an embryonic signal. In the common lizard, viviparity is not associated with facultative ovulation and a control of litter size after ovulation, in response to the absence of mating. J. Exp. Zool. 315:458–464, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Introduction: The human sciences and Cold War America
Authors: Isaac Joel 
Published: July 2011

AbstractStudies of the history of the human sciences during the Cold War era have proliferated over the past decade—in JHBS and elsewhere. This special issue focuses on the connections between the behavioral sciences and the culture and politics of the Cold War in the United States. In the recent literature, there is a tendency to identify the Cold War human sciences with two main paradigms: that of psychocultural analysis, on the one hand, and of the systems sciences, on the other. The essays in the special issue both extend understanding of each of these interpretive frameworks and help us to grasp their interconnection. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The last stand of the psychocultural Cold warriors: Military contract research in Vietnam
Authors: Rohde Joy 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn 1966, the social scientists of the Simulmatics Corporation arrived in Saigon. Tasked by the Pentagon with helping to pacify South Vietnam, they conducted political and social psychological research on Viet Cong defectors, government soldiers, and Vietnamese villagers. This essay argues that Simulmatics's work captures some of the ironies of Cold War social science: its tendency to mask militarization behind the rhetoric of peaceful nation‐building, its blurring of data collection and intelligence gathering, and its ambitious dedication to revealing the unseen contents of hearts and minds while remaining ignorant of the historical, cultural, and linguistic contexts in which its subjects lived. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cyborg pantocrator: International relations theory from decisionism to rational choice
Authors: Guilhot Nicolas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInternational relations theory took shape in the 1950s in reaction to the behavioral social science movement, emphasizing the limits of rationality in a context of high uncertainty, weak rules, and the possibility of lethal conflict. Yet the same discipline rapidly developed “rational choice” models applied to foreign policy decision making or nuclear strategy. This paper argues that this transformation took place almost seamlessly around the concept of “decision.” Initially associated with an antirationalist or “decisionist” approach to politics, the sovereign decision became the epitome of political rationality when it was redescribed as “rational choice,” thus easing the cultural acceptance of political realism in the postwar years. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chicago neoliberalism versus Cowles planning: Perspectives on patents and public goods in Cold War Economic Thought
Authors: Van Horn Robert , Klaes Matthias 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn post‐SputnikAmerica, when many policymakers and social scientists feared the Soviet Union had a technological advantage over the United States, assessing the relative importance of patents for inventive activity and examining whether scientific research constituted a public good were paramount concerns. The neoliberals of the University of Chicago and the planners of the Cowles Commission both spoke to these issues. This paper sheds light on their views on patents and public goods in the late 1950s and early 1960s by examining representatives of Cowles and Chicago, Kenneth Arrow and Ronald Coase, respectively. Furthermore, it evaluates whether their views on patents and public goods clashed with the interests of RAND, at which both Arrow and Coase worked at some point during this time period. The paper argues that the Chicago–neoliberal position of Coase undermined the interests of RAND, while the Cowles–planning conclusions of Arrow furthered those interests. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Female reproductive tract of the lesser anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla, myrmecophagidae, Xenarthra). Anatomy and histology
Authors: Rossi L.F. , Luaces J.P. , Marcos H.J. Aldana , Cetica P.D. , Gachen G. , Jimeno G. Pérez , Merani M.S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe morphological and histological features of the unusual reproductive tract of the female lesser anteater, Tamandua tetradactyla (Myrmecophagidae, Xenarthra), are described for the first time. The present study aimed to establish the main similarities and differences between this species and other xenarthrans. The populations of this species are declining rapidly for a number of reasons and our study is relevant to diverse programs related to its conservation. Studies were carried out on five female genital tracts of adult specimens. Ovaries were ovoid, presenting a medulla completely surrounded by the cortex, differently from that described in other xenarthans. Like in Dasypus but different from all other armadillos studied, single oocyte follicles were observed and a simple the uterus. The uterovaginal canal connects the uterus with the urogenital sinus. The simple columnar epithelium of the uterovaginal canal ends abruptly at a septum which resembles a hymen, where the transitional epithelium of the urogenital sinus appears. This ancestral feature is shared with that of other armadillos, except Tolypeutes matacus, which has a true vagina. Characteristics of the reproductive tract and sperm morphology of other Xenarthra are comparatively discussed. These observations suggest that important reproductive features are shared between the family Myrmecophagidae and the genus Dasypus, a basal group in the phylogeny of Xenarthra. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.