bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Reactivity Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Weber Alexander Mark , Nightingale Tom E. , Jarrett Michael , Lee Amanda H. X. , Campbell Olivia Lauren , Walter Matthias , Lucas Samuel J. E. , Phillips Aaron , Rauscher Alexander , Krassioukov Andrei V. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) often result in cardiovascular issues, increasing the risk of stroke and cognitive deficits.

Objectives:
This study assessed cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a hypercapnic challenge in SCI participants compared to noninjured controls.

Methods:
Fourteen participants were analyzed (n = 8 with SCI [unless otherwise noted], median age = 44 years; n = 6 controls, median age = 33 years). CVR was calculated through fMRI signal changes.

Results:
The results showed a longer CVR component (tau) in the grey matter of SCI participants (n = 7) compared to controls (median difference = 3.0 s; p &lt; .05). Time since injury (TSI) correlated negatively with steady-state CVR in the grey matter and brainstem of SCI participants (RS = −0.81, p = .014; RS = −0.84, p = .009, respectively). Lower steady-state CVR in the brainstem of the SCI group (n = 7) correlated with lower diastolic blood pressure (RS = 0.76, p = .046). Higher frequency of hypotensive episodes (n = 7) was linked to lower CVR outcomes in the grey matter (RS = −0.86, p = .014) and brainstem (RS = −0.89, p = .007).

Conclusion:
Preliminary findings suggest a difference in the dynamic CVR component, tau, between the SCI and noninjured control groups, potentially explaining the higher cerebrovascular health burden in SCI individuals. Exploratory associations indicate that longer TSI, lower diastolic blood pressure, and more hypotensive episodes may lead to poorer CVR outcomes. However, further research is necessary to establish causality and support these observations.
Considerations for Contraception Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hall Lauren M. , Nnoromele Chinenye C. , Lalla Amber Trujillo , Hentschel Claudia B. , Slocum Chloe 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Counseling and education on women's health, specifically contraception, following spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important component of care for women with SCI. While a plethora of available contraceptive options exists, research in this area is scarce.

Objectives:
This systematic review assesses the quality and quantity of research on contraception for individuals with SCI.

Methods:
Literature searches of three medical databases were performed to identify articles that addressed contraception and family planning for women with SCI. Articles were then screened in a two-stage selection process and evaluated for content.

Results:
Of 165 articles, 21 were identified that fit the inclusion criteria. The majority (66%) of articles were literature reviews or professional practice guidelines. Fourteen (66%) included information on short-acting hormonal oral contraception, 11 (52%) included information on long-acting reversible contraception, 15 (71%) included information on barrier methods, 6 (29%) included information on fertility awareness, 9 (43%) included information on permanent contraception, and one (5%) included information on emergency contraception.

Discussion:
This systematic review demonstrates a paucity of evidence-based information on contraception tailored to women with SCI. It highlights a need for research and comprehensive guidelines on primary and emergency contraception in this population.
Sexual Activity in Adults with Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury: Injury, Demographic, and Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Stewart Justine , Deane Kyle C. , Tuttle Deanna , Ortiz Alexis , Chlan Kathleen M. , Zebracki Kathy 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Sexual development is a complex process of understanding oneself as a sexual being. Youth with spinal cord injury (SCI) navigate the typical phases of sexual development along with the physical and psychological sequelae of an SCI. As youth with SCI progress from adolescence to emerging adulthood, sexual activity—physical intimacy and sexual intercourse—is an important milestone.

Objectives:
The aims of the study were to (1) describe frequency of physical intimacy among adults with pediatric-onset SCI and (2) identify injury, demographic, and lifestyle factors that predict frequency of physical intimacy.

Methods:
Adults with pediatric-onset SCI who were former patients within a North American pediatric hospital system (N = 277) completed a structured telephone interview that included medical and sociodemographic information and standardized measures of psychological functioning. Participants rated physical intimacy and sexual intercourse frequency on a 5-point Likert scale, with a response of monthly, weekly, or daily classified as regular frequency and never or yearly as irregular frequency. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted with physical intimacy frequency as the primary outcome.

Results:
Of the participants, 55% engaged in physical intimacy and 49% engaged in sexual intercourse with regular frequency. In logistic regression analyses, living independently of parents, being married, and higher perceived social integration increased likelihood of regular frequency of physical intimacy. Injury severity and secondary medical complications were not significant independent predictors of frequency of physical intimacy.

Conclusion:
Half of adults with pediatric-onset SCI engage in regular physical intimacy; this is below the estimates for the general population. Psychosocial factors are stronger contributors to physical intimacy frequency than SCI-related factors. Health care providers and researchers should focus on barriers to social integration and development of social relationships as factors that influence physical intimacy in this population.
The Students’ Perception of Their Soft Skills – Based on Research Results From Hungary and Serbia
Authors: Slavić Agneš , Strugar Jelača Maja , Juhász Timea , Berber Nemanja , Gašić Dimitrije 
Published: May 2024

In the 21th century the talented employees and their knowledge and skills are the most important assets of the organizations. In relation to graduated students of economics and management studies employers often value soft skills more than technical and professional skills. Therefore, higher education institutions have a significant role in the advancement of the employability of their students – developing not only their knowledge and professional-technical skills, but soft skills, too. The aim of this paper is to introduce the results of a few international research concerning the role of university-level study programs in the development of the students' soft skills. Besides, the paper presents the results of a questionnaire-based research on the students' perception of the importance and development of soft skills in Hungary and Serbia. Based on the data obtained in 2023 from students of Budapest Business University and Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad we will show the students' perception of the most important soft skills, their opinion on where the soft skills may be developed, how important is university in developing soft skills and what soft skills may a teacher help to develop. The research hypothesis is that students from Hungary and Serbia have similar perception on the importance and development of soft skills. The IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program is used for statistical analysis. The obtained results may be a useful input for the evolution of university level study programs for students' soft skills development both in Hungary and Serbia.
Pelaksanaan program 3S (Seiri, Seiton dan Seiso) di Hatchery Larva Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Desa Rhee, Kabupaten Sumbawa
Authors: Saomadia Baiq T. , Rahmadani Thoy Batun Citra , Diniariwisan Damai , Affandi Rangga I. , Sumsanto Muhammad , Setyono Bagus D. H. , Diamahesa Wastu A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The purpose of implementing the 3S program (seiri, seiton and seiso) in the vannamei shrimp larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation environment is to maintain the facilities used and maintain the cleanliness in the production environment. This activity involves students and also employees in the shrimp larvae production area. The facilities used in the production process such as the tools and materials needed need to be maintained, especially in the aspect of cleanliness of tools and materials so that the production process runs well. Tools and materials that are left without special treatment can trigger virus attacks or harmful bacterial attacks which will have a negative impact on shrimp larvae that can cause death and losses for farmers. The 3S program is carried out in stages starting from seiri, seiton, then seiso by involving students and staff/employees in the production area. The results obtained are the orderly and complete tools and materials used in production activities and the tools and materials used are cleaner so they are suitable for use.
Keywords: Facilities; Seiri; Seiton; Seiso

ABSTRAK
Tujuan dilaksanakan program 3S (seiri, seiton dan seiso) di lingkungan budidaya larva udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) untuk menjaga fasilitas yang digunakan serta menjaga kebersihan yang ada pada lingkungan sektar produksi. Kegiatan ini melibatkan mahasiswa dan juga karyawan yang ada di area produksi larva udang. Fasilitas yang digunakan dalam proses produksi seperti alat dan bahan yang dibutuhkan perlu untuk dijaga terutama dalam aspek kebersihan alat dan bahan agar proses produksi berjalan dengan baik. Alat dan bahan yang dibiarkan tanpa adanya perlakuan khusus dapat memicu terjadinya serangan virus atau serangan bakteri berbahaya yang akan berdampak buruk terhadap larva udang hingga dapat menyebabkan kematian dan kerugian bagi pembudidaya. Program 3S ini dilaksanakan secara bertahap mulai dari seiri, seiton, kemudian seiso dengan meilbatkan mahasiswa dan staf/karyawan yang ada di area produksi. Hasil yang diperoleh ialah tertatanya dan terlengkapinya alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan produksi serta alat dan bahan yang digunakan lebih bersih sehingga layak untuk digunakan.
Kata kunci: Fasilitas; Seiri; Seiton; Seiso
Implicaciones de obesidad en el adulto mayor institucionalizado en un asilo de Huehuetenango
Authors: López Gómez Esvin Roderico , Jiménez Texaj Ana Maribel , Panseits Rojas Brenda Karina 
Published: May 2024

PROBLEMA: la obesidad en el adulto mayor representa un riesgo para su salud, su función , su desarrollo y el desempeño de sus funciones entre otras enfermedades crónicas siendo un riesgo de morbilidad, ya que dichos adultos mayores no están exentos de presentar sobrepeso u obesidad siendo el OBJETIVO: la implicación de la obesidad en el adulto mayor institucionalizado en un asilo de Huehuetenango MÉTODO: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, a través de instrumentos de investigación con boletas de recolección de datos y una tabla de IMC , para medir índice de la masa corporal, para determinar si hay obesidad en dicha población; dando como RESULTADOS: es bajo el porcentaje de adultos mayores que presentaron sobrepeso y obesidad, por lo que los adultos mayores institucionalizados CONCLUSIÓN: según el estudio realizado evidenció que no padecen de obesidad basado en la tabla del IMC por tanto se encuentran en un rango adecuado a su peso y talla. Reflejando resultados donde el adulto mayor está en una institución donde le brindan los cuidados adecuados para que tengan calidad de vida; aun así, conforme a su estado educacional que es muy bajo y la separación de su pareja, el estar fuera del área familiar, eso no impide que ellos tengan una vida saludable, confortable y segura.
Estudio de habilidad de denominación en población adulta a través de prueba de Boston
Authors: De Paz Orozco Walter Alexander de Paz Orozco 
Published: May 2024

PROBLEMA: el problema central de la investigación es poder determinar el nivel de significancia de la capacidad de denominación en hombres y mujeres sanos de la población guatemalteca. OBJETIVO: evaluar los parámetros de habilidad de denominación a través de prueba de Boston en la población estudio. MÉTODO: el tipo de estudio es de representación cuantitativa de corte transversal con un enfoque correlación, comparativo y analítico. RESULTADOS: el resultado obtenido denota una media mayor de dificultades en el grupo de mujeres del 12.94, en cambio, el grupo de hombres denoto una media de 10.62 lo cual indica menos problemas en las respuestas de la prueba de Boston de 15 ítems. El grado estadístico del P-Valor es del 0.001 lo cual manifiesta un nivel de significancia. Y, también se manifestó una correlación positiva del 0.49, con significancia del 0.001 por ciento. CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados finales indican que se utilizó la prueba de simulación de muestra para determinar que existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa del 0.01 por ciento al comparar las medias de los grupos poblacionales entre hombres y mujeres. Indicando que la Hipótesis Afirmativa (HA): el rendimiento en la Prueba de Boston de habilidad de denominación mejora a medida que aumenta el nivel educativo en la población adulta.
Kebijakan Fiskal dan Dampaknya Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia
Authors: Sari Fitri Mustika , Astuti Asti , Zamanda Davia , Restu Fairuz Prama , Fadilla Arif 
Published: May 2024

Kebijakan fiskal merupakan salah satu instrumen utama yang digunakan oleh pemerintah untuk mengelola perekonomian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan fiskal terhadap perekonomian Indonesia, dengan fokus pada pertumbuhan ekonomi, stabilitas harga, dan distribusi pendapatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber seperti jurnal, buku, artikel ilmiah, dan laporan resmi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan fiskal memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, di mana pajak, belanja barang, dan subsidi memiliki korelasi positif, sementara utang luar negeri dan belanja pegawai memiliki korelasi negatif. Selain itu, kebijakan fiskal juga berperan dalam mengendalikan inflasi dan menjaga stabilitas harga melalui pengaturan belanja dan penerimaan negara. Distribusi pendapatan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat juga menjadi fokus penting dari kebijakan fiskal. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan yang komprehensif mengenai peran kebijakan fiskal dalam perekonomian Indonesia dan memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk mencapai tujuan ekonomi yang diinginkan.

Fiscal policy is one of the main instruments used by the government to manage the economy. This study aims to analyze the impact of fiscal policy on the Indonesian economy, focusing on economic growth, price stability, and income distribution. The research method used is a literature study by collecting secondary data from various sources such as journals, books, scientific articles, and official reports. The results show that fiscal policy has a significant impact on economic growth, where taxes, goods spending, and subsidies have a positive correlation, while foreign debt and employee spending have a negative correlation. Additionally, fiscal policy also plays a role in controlling inflation and maintaining price stability through the regulation of government spending and revenue. Income distribution and improving public welfare are also important focuses of fiscal policy. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the role of fiscal policy in the Indonesian economy and offers policy recommendations that can be implemented to achieve desired economic goals.
Effect of procurement devolution process of medical supplies on the technical efficiency of public health facilities in Nakuru and Baringo Counties of Kenya
Authors: Lihanda Aggrey , Ngaruko Deus , Asienga Irene 
Published: May 2024

This study analyzed the effect of procurement devolution process of medical supplies on the technical efficiency of public health facilities in Nakuru and Baringo Counties of Kenya. Although increased government expenditure was expected to improve efficiency and better health outcomes, Kenya’s public health sector remains inefficient. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive research design that targeted 3199 employees in 401 level 2-5 public health facilities (PHFs). Using Slovin’s formula, a sample size of 355 was proportionately sampled. While secondary data was obtained through desk review, primary data was collected through structured questionnaires that were administered to different cadres of employees. Primary data was coded and analyzed using STATA/SPSS. To compute technical efficiency of PHFs, the two-stage Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multivariate logistic regression was adopted. Study findings show that devolution has improved demand for medical supplies, enhanced procurement efficiency, and promoted ethical procurement. However, complaints from patients have not reduced while training of procurement personnel has not increased. Regression analysis indicates a significant relationship between human capital and technical efficiency. The coefficient of human capital development was 0.199 (T-value= 9.514, p- value= 0.000< 0.05 significant level); implying a positive effect of procurement devolution process on technical efficiency. This study concludes that despite increased health expenditure in Kenya, public health healthcare services have deteriorated due to inefficiency of the public health sector. This study recommends increased financial and human resource support to Kenya’s public health care.
Multi-decadal floodplain classification and trend analysis in the Upper Columbia River valley, British Columbia
Authors: Rodrigues Italo Sampaio , Hopkinson Christopher , Chasmer Laura , MacDonald Ryan J. , Bayley Suzanne E. , Brisco Brian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Floodplain wetland ecosystems experience significant seasonal water fluctuation over the year, resulting in a dynamic hydroperiod, with a range of vegetation community responses. This paper assesses trends and changes in land cover and hydroclimatological variables, including air temperature, river discharge, and water level in the Upper Columbia River Wetlands (UCRW), British Columbia, Canada. A land cover classification time series from 1984 to 2022 was generated from the Landsat image archive using a random forest algorithm. Peak river flow timing, duration, and anomalies were examined to evaluate temporal coincidence with observed land cover trends. The land cover classifier used to segment changes in wetland area and open water performed well (kappa of 0.82). Over the last 4 decades, observed river discharge and air temperature have increased, precipitation has decreased, the timing of peak flow is earlier, and the flow duration has been reduced. The frequency of both high-discharge events and dry years have increased, indicating a shift towards more extreme floodplain flow behavior. These hydrometeorological changes are associated with a shift in the timing of snowmelt, from April to mid-May, and with seasonal changes in the vegetative communities over the 39-year period. Thus, woody shrubs (+6 % to +12 %) have expanded as they gradually replaced marsh and wet-meadow land covers with a reduction in open-water area. This suggests that increasing temperatures have already impacted the regional hydrology, wetland hydroperiod, and floodplain land cover in the Upper Columbia River valley. Overall, there is substantial variation in seasonal and annual land cover, reflecting the dynamic nature of floodplain wetlands, but the results show that the wetlands are drying out with increasing areas of woody/shrub habitat and loss of aquatic habitat. The results suggest that floodplain wetlands, particularly marsh and open-water habitats, are vulnerable to climatic and hydrological changes that could further reduce their areal extent in the future.
Mapping surface hoar from near-infrared texture in a laboratory
Authors: Dillon James , Donahue Christopher , Schehrer Evan , Birkeland Karl , Hammonds Kevin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Surface hoar crystals are snow grains that form when water vapor deposits on the snow surface. Once buried, surface hoar creates a weak layer in the snowpack that can later cause large avalanches to occur. The formation and persistence of surface hoar are highly spatiotemporally variable, making its detection difficult. Remote-sensing technology capable of detecting the presence and spatial distribution of surface hoar would be beneficial for avalanche forecasting, but this capability has yet to be developed. Here, we hypothesize that near-infrared (NIR) texture, defined as the spatial variability of reflectance magnitude, may produce an optical signature unique to surface hoar due to the distinct shape and orientation of the grains. We tested this hypothesis by performing reflectance experiments in a controlled cold laboratory environment to evaluate the potential and accuracy of surface hoar mapping from NIR texture using a near-infrared hyperspectral imager (NIR-HSI) and a lidar operating at 1064 nm. We analyzed 41 snow samples, three of which were surface hoar and 38 of which consisted of other grain morphologies. When using NIR-HSI under direct and diffuse illumination, we found that surface hoar displayed higher NIR texture relative to all other grain shapes across numerous spectral bands and a wide range of spatial resolutions (0.5–50 mm). Due to the large number of spectral- and spatial-resolution combinations, we conducted a detailed samplewise case study at 1324 nm spectral and 10 mm spatial resolution. The case study resulted in the median texture of surface hoar being 1.3 to 8.6 times greater than that of the 38 other samples under direct and diffuse illumination (p < 0.05 in all cases). Using lidar, surface hoar also exhibited significantly increased NIR texture in 30 out of 38 samples, but only at select (5–25 mm) spatial resolutions. Leveraging these results, we propose a simple binary classification algorithm to map the extent of surface hoar on a pixelwise basis using both the NIR-HSI and lidar instruments. The NIR-HSI under direct and diffuse illumination performed best, with a median accuracy of 96.91 % and 97.37 %, respectively. Conversely, the median classification accuracy achieved with lidar was only 66.99 %. Further, to assess the repeatability of our method and demonstrate its mapping capacity, we ran the algorithm on a new sample with mixed microstructures, with an accuracy of 99.61 % and 96.15 % achieved using NIR-HSI under direct and diffuse illumination, respectively. As NIR-HSI detectors become increasingly available, our findings demonstrate the potential of a new tool for avalanche forecasters to remotely assess the spatiotemporal variability of surface hoar, which would improve avalanche forecasts and potentially save lives.
Trinitarian Exegesis of the Old Testament
Authors: Goswell Gregory 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A number of key Old Testament texts cited in the New Testament are surveyed to determine whether they are amenable to prosopological exegesis (e.g., Dan 7; Ps 45; Ps 110), but in none of these texts is more than one divine figure present, nor do they depict one divine person speaking to or about another divine person. The Christian reader is not required to find the three persons of the Trinity differentiated and assigned different speaking roles in Old Testament texts. However, another mode of Trinitarian reading is credible. The follower of Jesus is not to equate the God of the Old Testament simply with the Father; rather the God of the Old Testament is the triune God, which means that many more Old Testament texts than often thought directly connect to Jesus.