bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of the main malaria vectors in Kenya
Authors: Okara Robi M , Sinka Marianne E , Minakawa Noboru , Mbogo Charles M , Hay Simon I , Snow Robert W 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
A detailed knowledge of the distribution of the main Anopheles malaria vectors in Kenya should guide national vector control strategies. However, contemporary spatial distributions of the locally dominant Anopheles vectors including Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles merus, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles pharoensis and Anopheles nili are lacking. The methods and approaches used to assemble contemporary available data on the present distribution of the dominant malaria vectors in Kenya are presented here.

Method
Primary empirical data from published and unpublished sources were identified for the period 1990 to 2009. Details recorded for each source included the first author, year of publication, report type, survey location name, month and year of survey, the main Anopheles species reported as present and the sampling and identification methods used. Survey locations were geo-positioned using national digital place name archives and on-line geo-referencing resources. The geo-located species-presence data were displayed and described administratively, using first-level administrative units (province), and biologically, based on the predicted spatial margins of Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity in Kenya for the year 2009. Each geo-located survey site was assigned an urban or rural classification and attributed an altitude value.

Results
A total of 498 spatially unique descriptions of Anopheles vector species across Kenya sampled between 1990 and 2009 were identified, 53% were obtained from published sources and further communications with authors. More than half (54%) of the sites surveyed were investigated since 2005. A total of 174 sites reported the presence of An. gambiae complex without identification of sibling species. Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus were the most widely reported at 244 and 265 spatially unique sites respectively with the former showing the most ubiquitous distribution nationally. Anopheles gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus and An. pharoensis were reported at sites located in all the transmission intensity classes with more reports of An. gambiae in the highest transmission intensity areas than the very low transmission areas.

Conclusion
A contemporary, spatially defined database of the main malaria vectors in Kenya provides a baseline for future compilations of data and helps identify areas where information is currently lacking. The data collated here are published alongside this paper where it may help guide future sampling location decisions, help with the planning of vector control suites nationally and encourage broader research inquiry into vector species niche modeling.
Angiomyofibroblastoma of the spermatic cord: a case report
Authors: Tzanakis Nikolaos E , Giannopoulos George A , Efstathiou Stamatis P , Rallis Georgios E , Nikiteas Nikolaos I 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Angiomyofibroblastoma is a benign soft tissue tumor with tendency to arise in the vulva.

Case presentation
We report a 36-year-old Greek Caucasian man presenting with a left inguinal painless mass. This is the second case of angiomyofibroblastoma of the spermatic cord. At operation, a 4.5 cm well-circumscribed solid tumor was found adherent to the spermatic cord. The tumor consisted of spindle-shaped cells proliferating in short fascicles between numerous medium-sized blood vessels with thin and hyalinized walls. Neoplastic cells had eosinophilic cytoplasm with neither mitotic figures nor nuclear atypia. The stroma included abundant mast cells and few mature lypocytes. Immunostaining showed positivity for vimentin, CD34, desmin and smooth muscle actin. Our patient was treated by simple excision and was followed up for five years with clinical examination and ultrasonography, revealing no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis.

Conclusion
This unusual neoplasm should be distinguished from aggressive angiomyxoma and other myxoid malignant tumors with widespread metastatic potential.
Would the Real Freeview Please Stand Up?
Authors: Given Jock , Norris Paul 
Published: March 2010

Freeview is the survival strategy for free-to-view TV in the digital age in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia. It is mix of marketing, services and technology, and of defensive and offensive elements. The mix is different in different places: <list list-type="bullet">
<list-item><label/>
In the UK, where the concept was launched in 2002, digital terrestrial television (DTT) became Freeview, now the most popular form of digital TV. Freeview represented a fresh strategy to relaunch DTT after the failure of the first model.</list-item>
<list-item><label/>
In New Zealand, where DTT started in 2008, DTT is Freeview, but Freeview was a satellite service first, appealing mainly to those with poor analogue reception. The concept was imported from the UK as the proven way to make DTT work, and deployed from the
outset by broadcasters with government backing.</list-item> <list-item><label/>
In Australia, as this article was finalized in August 2009, Freeview is still mainly a marketing campaign rather than a TV service. Broadcasters have not deployed it enthusiastically to launch
the medium, but reluctantly, many years on, as part of the government-mandated push to digital switchover.</list-item> </list>
This article explores the origins and development of these three Freeviews. It provides an unusual case study of a related, though different, set of
products marketed under the same name in different countries. It also speculates about their future as television morphs into new shapes, especially encouraged by the growth of high definition, hard-drive-recording and broadband-connected receivers. Identifying both similarities and differences
across the three Freeviews, the authors conclude that although Freeview is helping to make it possible to switch off analogue services and free up spectrum for other purposes in all three countries, the national differences defy reduction to a single definition. Freeview, like television itself,
is different in these different places and is changing over time.
Power and nerves of steel or thrill of adventure and patience? An empirical study on the use of different video game genres
Authors: Schumann Christina , Schultheiss Daniel 
Published: March 2010

This empirical study focuses on explaining the utilization of three video game genres first person shooters, strategy games and role-playing games and on whether different explanatory models can be established for the three genres. A model comprising the three explanatory components,
gratifications sought (GS), gratifications obtained (GO) and subjective restrictions or capacities, operationalized by the skills that players have to have for the specific genres, serves as a theoretical basis.
Data was collected by way of an online survey (N = 5,257). The results show
that GO and the capacities are particularly suited to explaining the use of video games. While GO generally seem to offer a basis for explaining the use of video games, since the dimensions power and competition and thrill of adventure do influence the use of all three genres, there were considerable
differences between the individual genres in terms of capacities. Gamers who have a high stress threshold and quick reactions, as well as a good sense of direction, tend to prefer first person shooters. The use of strategy games may be explained in terms of skills like logic and strategic
thought. On the other hand, patient gamers prefer role-playing games. The explanatory power of GS, however, proves to be extremely low. Based on these results, approaches are discussed for further research in this field.
Reviews
Authors: Johnson Matthew S. S , Knott Kevin , Sullivan Mary Elizabeth 
Published: March 2010

Vicarious play: a jaunt through computer role-playing game history

Dungeons & Desktops: The History of Computer Role-Playing Games, Matt Barton (2008), First Edition Wellesley, MA: A K Peters, Ltd, 451pp., ISBN 978-1-56881-411-7, Hardback, $39.00 (USD).

What
else can I be? A critical evaluation of World of Warcraft

It's not real until you can tax it: how gaming, yet again, changes reality

Exodus to the Virtual World: How Online Fun is Changing Reality, Edward Castronova (2007), First Edition New York: Palgrave MacMillan,
256pp., ISBN 1-4039-8412-3, Hardback, $24.95 (USD).
Computer. Computer. Hello ComputerThe keyboard. How quaint. Montgomery Scott, Star Trek: The Voyage Home (Nimoy et al. 1986).
Low-Temperature Thermo-Cycling of FINEMET and Metglas Amorphous Alloys: Last Achievements in Theory and Experiments
Authors: Zaichenko S. G. , Perov N. S. , Glezer A. M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The novel phenomena of irreversible changes in structure and main physical properties of FINEMET and Metglas amorphous metallic alloys (AMA) after low-temperature treatment (LTT) (so called ΔT effect) are studied theoretically and experimentally. It is shown theoretically that the cooling process in AMA during LTT is achieved at a rate comparable to the rate of quenching from the melt. Arising thermo-elastic stresses cause changes in the structure of the short-range order due to the drift of metalloid atoms, which is supported by sample oscillations with the eigenfrequencies. Such homogenization of the AMA structure leads to changes in the main physical properties. The proposed physical model of the ΔT effect is verified by structural investigations and magnetic and thermo-magnetic studies of metal-metalloid and FINEMET type AMA.
Interpassivität, oder: Warum manche Leute keine Agency haben möchten
Authors: Pfaller Robert 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungDas auffällige Verhalten vieler Individuen, die ihren Genuss z. B. an Geräte übertragen, besitzt eine politische Bedeutung. Seine theatralische Seite, ein Schauspiel für unbestimmt bleibende Dritte zu sein, verweist auf die in westlichen Gesellschaften aktuell bedrohte Dimension der Triangulierung. Die beliebten Mitmachinitiativen tragen unbewußt zu diesem Verlust von Öffentlichkeit bei. Die interpassive Utopie hingegen besteht in einer Gesellschaft, von der alle etwas haben können, ohne anwesend sein oder mitmachen zu müssen.
Gespür und Spannung. Zur Tektonik des Handelns
Authors: Schulze Holger 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag stellt zwei Begriffe ins Zentrum der Auseinandersetzung mit handlungstheoretischen Fragen, die üblicherweise vernachlässigt werden: einerseits das individuelle Körpergespür eines oder einer Handelnden und andererseits die situative Spannung, die ein Handeln anregt oder leitet. Die Bedeutung dieser Begriffe wird am Werk des Philosophen Ulrich Pothast sowie einem Beitrag von Klaus Theweleit erläutert.
L′action, entre activité et passivité: une opposition occidentale à dépasser. Sous l′éclairage des cultures chinoise et japonaise
Authors: Melin Valérie 
Published: March 2010

R�sum�Cette réflexion sur l’action, parcours dans des cultures plurielles, se propose d’en interroger l’origine, la nature et l’efficacité. L’analyse qui en découle permet de reconsidérer la dichotomie très occidentale entre activité et passivité à travers des modalités de dépassement qui nous sont offertes par les cultures chinoise et japonaise. La notion d’efficience chère à la Chine, fondée sur le non-agir, témoigne du caractère actif et performant d’une certaine passivité. La notion de pratique inscrite dans la grande tradition culturelle japonaise, pensée comme relation entre soi et le monde dans une dynamique de transformation réciproque, contribue à niveler aussi la séparation entre les deux pôles de l’action, activité et passivité.
Jugendliches Rauschtrinken als passion agency
Authors: Sting Stephan 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungIn der Auseinandersetzung mit problemorientierten Thematisierungen aus der Perspektive der Suchtprävention wird in dem Beitrag versucht, die produktiven und sozial konstitutiven Aspekte jugendlichen Rauschtrinkens herauszuarbeiten. Rauschtrinken wird als rituelle Praxis betrachtet, die auf die Übergangsproblematik in der heutigen Gesellschaft antwortet und in der Heranwachsende spezifische, auf den Umgang mit Leidenschaften bezogene Handlungsfähigkeiten erwerben.
Wertschätzung als pädagogische Kommunikationsform im Spannungsfeld von actio und passio. Über die Paradoxieanfälligkeit von Unterricht
Authors: Clemens Iris 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungDie eher marginalisierte Frage der Bedeutung von Emotionen im Kontext Schule wird aufgegriffen und der Begriff der Wertschätzung als mögliche pädagogische Kommunikationsform analysiert. Dabei wird als eine Form der Beschreibung von actio und passio die systemtheoretische Unterscheidung von Handeln und Erleben eingeführt. Die internalen und externalen Zuschreibungsformen werden genutzt, um die kommunikativen Implikationen gelingender Wertschätzungsakte zu klären.
Hexis: Ritual und Haltung bei Dionysius Areopagita
Authors: Stock Wiebke-Marie 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungDer spätantike Philosoph und Theologe Dionysius Areopagita (~ 500), der neuplatonisches und christliches Denken wirkmächtig zusammenführte, vertritt eine ethische Theorie, in der das Konzept der hexis (Haltung, Verfassung, Charakter, Habitus) eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Der Kampf gegen Bilder und Phantasien, die die Ausbildung der hexis hindern, ist verknüpft mit der Ausbildung des Menschen als Bild Gottes. Ohne eigene aktive Bemühung ist die erstrebte gottförmige hexis ebensowenig zu erreichen wie ohne die passive Formung durch Riten, die die hexis gestalten, stärken und zu einer gottförmigen ausbilden. Die hexis ist ein komplexes ethisches Konzept, bei dessen Entwicklung Verstand, Körper und Seele interagieren, Rituale und sinnliche Erfahrungen sich als haltungsprägend erweisen.
Macht und Ohnmacht einer lebenden Göttin  Die Kumārī im politischen Wechsel Nepals
Authors: Michaels Axel 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungDie Kumārī, die sogenannte lebende Göttin, in Nepal ist seit einigen Jahren wiederholt Gegenstand politischer und juristischer Auseinandersetzungen geworden. Der Aufsatz behandelt diese Konflikte, vornehmlich im Hinblick auf Fragen der komplexen Agency, die Priester, Politiker, Menschenrechtsinstitutionen, die Öffentlichkeit (Presse), die Familie der Kumārī und nicht zuletzt die Kumārī selbst beanspruchen.
Wer handelt in Trance? Zur Performanz der Geister in den Ritualen der brasilianischen Umbanda
Authors: Meyer Christian 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungDie Rituale der Umbanda verlangen von ihren menschlichen Medien bei der Verkörperung von Geistwesen in der Trance einerseits ein hohes Maß an spontaner performativer Kreativität, damit sie unterhaltsam sind und im multi-religiösen Brasilien Publikum anziehen. Andererseits aber fordern sie auch eine große performative Genauigkeit, damit die Geistverkörperung auch als authentisch bewertet wird. Immer wieder kommt es dazu, dass die Geistwesen allzu offensichtlich die Interessen der sie verkörpernden Medien vertreten, so dass das Publikum das menschliche Medium als Urheber von deren Taten und Worten vermutet. Dieser Gratwanderung zwischen einer glaubwürdigen Geistperformanz und deren Nutzung zum Verfolgen menschlicher Interessen wird der Aufsatz anhand einer Untersuchung des Sprechens der Geister, das paradigmatisch für agency ist, nachgehen.
Umkehrungen von passio: Hypnose und Trance in kinematischer und ethnographischer Erfahrung
Authors: Papenburg Bettina 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der Beobachtung, dass der Dialog zwischen der Ethnologie, insbesondere der visuellen Anthropologie und der Filmwissenschaft, speziell der avancierten Filmtheorie als Desiderat gelten muss, unternimmt der Aufsatz eine konzeptgeleitete und problemorientierte Erkundung im transziplinären Raum zwischen diesen beiden Disziplinen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, wie Erkenntnisse aus der kulturanthropologischen Forschung zu veränderten Bewusstseinszuständen Zugang zur Kinoerfahrung eröffnen können. Ziel ist es, Reflexionen über die Verwischung der Grenze zwischen Handlungsmacht und Leidenschaft in der Feldforschung mit Konzepten zum Paradox von Selbst- und Fremdbestimmung im Kino über die Diskussion der Konzepte Trance und Hypnose paradigmatisch zusammenzuführen und zu sehen, welcher neue Nenner sich daraus ergibt. Als These werden syntaktische Ähnlichkeiten und strukturelle Korrespondenzen von spezifischen Reflexionen der ethnographischen Erfahrung und einigen Modellen der Filmerfahrung behauptet.
Im Gewebe von Wahrnehmung und Handlung: Über Teilhabe im Bildlichen, Symbolischen und Fragmentären
Authors: Treu Dieter 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungViele unserer Sprach- und Denkgewohnheiten sind mehr pragmatisch als erfahrungsorientiert, eher intellektuell als intuitiv und durchsetzt mit Raumsymbolik. Übertragen auf alltäglichen Ideen und wissenschaftlichen Konzeptualisierungen von “Innen“ und “Außen“ und die Frage, wie wir im Handeln in Berührung mit uns selbst und der Welt kommen führen uns diese Gewohnheiten zu einer bekannten Dichotomisierung – der Korrelierung messbarer äußerer Wirkungen mit hypostasierten inneren Dynamiken. Im Text versuche ich, anhand der Trias Bild-Begriff-Fragment jenseits dieser Standardmethode drei Wahrnehmungsmodi als Formen von Teilhabe zu verstehen; mit ihren eigenen, nicht eindeutig zu verräumlichenden Grenzen und den Möglichkeiten handelnder Bezugnahme durch und mit ihnen.
Targeting Signal Transduction Pathways in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rosen Lee S. , Ashurst Helen Louise , Chap Linnea 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGreater understanding of the underlying etiology and biology of breast cancer is enabling the clinical development of targeted therapies for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Following the successful introduction of trastuzumab, the first human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) biologically targeted therapy to become widely used in MBC patients, other agents have been developed. Novel agents include monoclonal antibodies such as pertuzumab, which bind to receptors on the cell surface, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as lapatinib, which target intracellular pathways such as that of the epidermal growth factor receptor. There is also growing clinical experience with antiangiogenic agents, particularly in combination with chemotherapy. These include the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, which targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and multitargeted TKIs with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities, such as sunitinib. Combination treatment with multiple agents targeting both the HER family and angiogenic pathways (e.g., trastuzumab plus bevacizumab) is also showing activity in the clinical setting. Despite recent advances, there are unanswered questions regarding the management of MBC with targeted agents. Future studies are necessary to determine the optimal combinations, doses, and schedules required to maximize clinical activity while minimizing toxicity. Despite the temptation to use a targeted agent in all patients, identification of patient subgroups most likely to benefit must be a key goal and will be critical to the successful future use of these treatments. The aim of this review is to summarize some of the key signaling pathways involved in tumor progression and some of the novel therapies that are in development for MBC.
Platelet Tissue Factor Synthesis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Is Resistant to Inhibition by Insulin
Authors: Gerrits Anja J. , Koekman Cornelis A. , van Haeften Timon W. , Akkerman Jan Willem N. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and show abnormalities in the coagulation cascade. We investigated whether increased synthesis of tissue factor (TF) by platelets could contribute to the hypercoagulant state.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Platelets from type 2 diabetic patients and matched control subjects were adhered to different surface-coated proteins, and TF premRNA splicing, TF protein, and TF procoagulant activity were measured.

RESULTS
Different adhesive proteins induced different levels of TF synthesis. A mimetic of active clopidogrel metabolite (AR-C69931 MX) reduced TF synthesis by 56 ± 10%, an aspirin-like inhibitor (indomethacin) by 82 ± 9%, and the combination by 96 ± 2%, indicating that ADP release and thromboxane A2 production followed by activation of P2Y12 and thromboxane receptors mediate surface-induced TF synthesis. Interference with intracellular pathways revealed inhibition by agents that raise cAMP and interfere with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B. Insulin is known to raise cAMP in platelets and inhibited collagen III–induced TF premRNA splicing and reduced TF activity by 35 ± 5 and 47 ± 5% at 1 and 100 nmol/l. Inhibition by insulin was reduced in type 2 diabetes platelets resulting in an ∼1.6-fold higher TF synthesis than in matched control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
We characterized the extra- and intracellular mechanisms that couple surface activation to TF synthesis in adhering platelets. In healthy individuals, TF synthesis is inhibited by insulin, but in patients with type 2 diabetes inhibition is impaired. This leads to the novel finding that platelets from type 2 diabetic patients produce more TF than platelets from matched control subjects.
MTNR1B G24E Variant Associates With BMI and Fasting Plasma Glucose in the General Population in Studies of 22,142 Europeans
Authors: Andersson Ehm A. , Holst Birgitte , Sparsø Thomas , Grarup Niels , Banasik Karina , Holmkvist Johan , Jørgensen Torben , Borch-Johnsen Knut , Egerod Kristoffer L. , Lauritzen Torsten , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Bonnefond Amélie , Meyre David , Froguel Philippe , Schwartz Thue W. , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Common variants in the melatonin receptor type 1B (MTNR1B) locus have been shown to increase fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether nonsynonymous variants in MTNR1B associate with monogenic forms of hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, or related metabolic traits.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
MTNR1B was sequenced in 47 probands with clinical maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), in 51 probands with early-onset familial type 2 diabetes, and in 94 control individuals. Six nonsynonymous variants (G24E, L60R, V124I, R138C, R231H, and K243R) were genotyped in up to 22,142 Europeans. Constitutive and melatonin-induced signaling was characterized for the wild-type melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) and the 24E, 60R, and 124I MT2 mutants in transfected COS-7 cells.

RESULTS
No mutations in MTNR1B were MODY specific, and none of the investigated MTNR1B variants associated with type 2 diabetes. The common 24E variant associated with increased prevalence of obesity (odds ratio 1.20 [1.08–1.34]; P = 8.3 × 10−4) and increased BMI (β = 0.5 kg/m2; P = 1.2 × 10−5) and waist circumference (β = 1.2 cm; P = 9 × 10−6) in combined Danish and French study samples. 24E also associated with decreased FPG (β = −0.08 mmol/l; P = 9.2 × 10−4) in the Danish Inter99 population. Slightly decreased constitutive activity was observed for the MT2 24E mutant, while the 124I and 60R mutants displayed considerably decreased or completely disrupted signaling, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Nonsynonymous mutations in MTNR1B are not a common cause of MODY or type 2 diabetes among Danes. MTNR1B 24E associates with increased body mass and decreased FPG. Decreased MT2 signaling does apparently not directly associate with FPG or type 2 diabetes.