bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial communities and their responses to simulated global change fluctuate greatly over multiple years
Authors: Gutknecht Jessica L. M. , Field Christopher B. , Balser Teri C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe used microbial lipid analysis to analyze microbial biomass and community structure during 6 years of experimental treatment at the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (JRGCE), a long‐term multi‐factor global change experiment in a California annual grassland. The microbial community fingerprint and specific biomarkers varied substantially from year to year, in both control and experimental treatment plots. Possible drivers of the variability included plant growth, soil moisture, and ambient temperature. Surprisingly, background variation in the microbial community was of a larger magnitude than even very significant treatment effects, and this variation appeared to constrain responses to treatment. Microbial communities were mostly not responsive or not consistently responsive to the experimental treatments. Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biomarker abundance (16 : 1 ω5c) and the fungal to bacterial ratio were lower under nitrogen addition in most years. Bacterial lipid biomarker abundances (15 : 0 iso and 16 : 1 ω7c) were higher under nitrogen addition in 2002, the year of largest microbial biomass, suggesting that bacteria could respond more to nitrogen addition in years of better growth conditions. Nitrogen addition and warming led to an interactive effect on the Gram‐positive bacterial biomarker and the fungal to bacterial ratio. These patterns indicate that in California grassland ecosystems, microbial communities may not respond substantially to future changes in climate and that nitrogen deposition may be a determinant of the soil response to global change. Further, year‐to‐year variation in microbial growth or community composition may be important determinants of ecosystem response to global change.
Sensitivity of mean annual primary production to precipitation
Authors: Hsu Joanna S. , Powell James , Adler Peter B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn many terrestrial ecosystems, variation in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) is positively correlated with variation in interannual precipitation. Global climate change will alter both the mean and the variance of annual precipitation, but the relative impact of these changes in precipitation on mean ANPP remains uncertain. At any given site, the slope of the precipitation‐ANPP relationship determines the sensitivity of mean ANPP to changes in mean precipitation, whereas the curvature of the precipitation‐ANPP relationship determines the sensitivity of ANPP to changes in precipitation variability. We used 58 existing long‐term data sets to characterize precipitation‐ANPP relationships in terrestrial ecosystems and to quantify the sensitivity of mean ANPP to the mean and variance of annual precipitation. We found that most study sites have a nonlinear, saturating relationship between precipitation and ANPP, but these nonlinearities were not strong. As a result of these weak nonlinearities, ANPP was nearly 40 times more sensitive to precipitation mean than variance. A 1% increase in mean precipitation caused a −0.2% to 1.8% change in mean ANPP, with a 0.64% increase on average. Sensitivities to precipitation mean peaked at sites with a mean annual precipitation near 500 mm. Changes in species composition and increased intra‐annual precipitation variability could lead to larger ANPP responses to altered precipitation regimes than predicted by our analysis.
Tissue microarray and digital image analysis: a methodological study with special reference to the microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Glimelius Ingrid , Qvarnström Fredrik , Simonsson Martin , Ekwall Anders , Smedby Karin E , Molin Daniel , Amini Rose‐Marie 
Published: March 2012

Glimelius I, Qvarnström F, Simonsson M, Ekwall A, Smedby K E, Molin D & Amini R‐M  (2012) Histopathology 61, 26–32Tissue microarray and digital image analysis: a methodological study with special reference to the microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphomaAim:  Cancer research has moved from solely investigating the tumour cells to also including analysis of the tumour microenvironment; however, the methods utilized have not been evaluated for this change. The aim of this study was to compare tissue microarrays (TMA) to whole tissue sections (WS) with regard to cells in the tumour microenvironment. Manual evaluation and digital image analyses (DIA) were utilized and also compared.Methods and results:  TMA slides from 117 Hodgkin lymphoma patients were immunostained for forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) [identifying regulatory T cells (Treg)], and 39 corresponding WS were also analysed. Manual evaluation and DIA were utilized for all patients on both the TMA and the WS. A correlation coefficient of 0.83 was obtained for the proportion of Treg in TMA versus WS using manual evaluation and a correlation coefficient of 0.77 with DIA. Treg counts using manual evaluation correlated in turn with DIA, with a coefficient of 0.79 for the 117 TMA sections and 0.65 for the 39 WS.Conclusion:  Because a high correlation was observed between TMA and WS, TMA can be utilized when evaluating cells in the tumour microenvironment. DIA appears to provide a reliable measurement method, provided that manual control of the tumour slides is conducted.
Impact of the reactive microenvironment on the bone marrow involvement of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Rajnai Hajnalka , Bödör Csaba , Balogh Zsófia , Gagyi Éva , Csomor Judit , Krenács Tibor , Tóth Erika , Matolcsy András 
Published: March 2012

Rajnai H, Bödör C, Balogh Z, Gagyi É, Csomor J, Krenács T, Tóth E & Matolcsy A(2012) Histopathology 60, E66–E75Impact of the reactive microenvironment on the bone marrow involvement of follicular lymphomaAims:  Follicular lymphoma (FL) is associated with bone marrow (BM) involvement in approximately 40–70% of cases. Previous studies have suggested that the immune‐microenvironment of FL plays an important role in the clinical behaviour of the disease. To investigate the role of the microenvironment in BM involvement of FL, we performed immunophenotypical analysis of the reactive cell populations in lymph nodes (LN) and corresponding BM of 35 patients with FL. Microenvironment patterns of BM infiltrates were compared to the corresponding features of the LN in cases with BM manifestation, and the LN microenvironment was compared in FL cases with and without BM involvement.Methods and results:  Automated image‐segmentation‐based quantitation was performed in whole digital slides of tissue microarrays of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue biopsies. We found significantly more CD8+ T lymphocytes, forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ T lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages and fewer PD1+ T lymphocytes in the BM than in the matching LN samples. Furthermore, we observed significantly fewer CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages in cases involving the BM compared to those localized only to the LNs.Conclusions:  Our study showed that different tumour cell growth in the LN and BM may generate different microenvironments, and suggested that the reduced number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and macrophages in LNs favours BM infiltration of neoplastic cells in FL.
Tricellulin expression in normal and neoplastic human pancreas
Authors: Korompay Anna , Borka Katalin , Lotz Gábor , Somorácz Áron , Törzsök Péter , Erdélyi‐Belle Boglárka , Kenessey István , Baranyai Zsolt , Zsoldos Fanni , Kupcsulik Péter , Bodoky György , Schaff Zsuzsa , Kiss András 
Published: March 2012

Korompay A, Borka K, Lotz G, Somorácz Á, Törzsök P, Erdélyi‐Belle B, Kenessey I, Baranyai Z, Zsoldos F, Kupcsulik P, Bodoky G, Schaff Z & Kiss A(2012) Histopathology 60, E76–E86Tricellulin expression in normal and neoplastic human pancreasAims:  Tricellulin is a member of the family of tight junction proteins, which are found concentrated mainly at tricellular contacts. Altered expression of several tight junction components has been observed during carcinogenesis. In the present study, we have analysed the expression of tricellulin in normal human pancreas, and in primary exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tumours.Methods and results:  A total of 96 cases were studied: 20 normal pancreas, 58 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 15 pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, and three acinar cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry (analysed by digital morphometry), immunofluorescence, western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed. Tricellulin was localized apically in normal ducts and acini as intensive, spotty immunopositivity at tricellular contacts, whereas weaker signals were observed at the junction between two cells. Islets of Langerhans were negative. Well‐differentiated ductal adenocarcinomas significantly overexpressed tricellulin as compared with poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Acinar cell carcinomas expressed tricellulin in tumour cells. All endocrine tumours were tricellulin‐negative.Conclusions:  This is the first report to describe the tricellulin expression profile in normal and neoplastic human pancreas. Both normal and neoplastic pancreatic exocrine tissues expressed tricellulin, whereas no expression was seen in normal or neoplastic endocrine cells. Tricellulin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas showed a significant negative correlation with the degree of differentiation.
Detection of LIM domain only 2 (LMO2) in normal human tissues and haematopoietic and non‐haematopoietic tumours using a newly developed rabbit monoclonal antibody
Authors: Agostinelli Claudio , Paterson Jennifer C , Gupta Rajeev , Righi Simona , Sandri Federica , Piccaluga Pier P , Bacci Francesco , Sabattini Elena , Pileri Stefano A , Marafioti Teresa 
Published: March 2012

Agostinelli C, Paterson J C, Gupta R, Righi S, Sandri F, Piccaluga P P, Bacci F, Sabattini E, Pileri S A & Marafioti T  (2012) Histopathology 61, 33–46Detection of LIM domain only 2 (LMO2) in normal human tissues and haematopoietic and non‐haematopoietic tumours using a newly developed rabbit monoclonal antibodyAims:  We describe a new rabbit monoclonal antibody, raised against a fixation‐resistant epitope of the transcription regulator LIM domain only 2 (LMO2).Methods and results:  Lymphoma cell lines and a large series of normal and neoplastic samples were investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The antibody detected nuclear positivity for the protein, with the exception of a proportion of classical Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs), peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) and solid tumours that showed granular cytoplasmic staining. In normal lympho‐haematopoietic tissues, LMO2 was expressed at different intensities by CD34+ blasts, haematopoietic precursors, germinal centre (GC), mantle and splenic marginal zone B cells. While reactive with only scattered elements in the thymus and nine of 237 PTCLs, the antibody stained 31 of 39 T‐acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemias (T‐ALLs) and the T‐ALL‐derived human leukaemic cell line, CCRF‐CEM. LMO2 was found in 88% of B‐acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemias (B‐ALLs), 5% chronic lymphocytic leukaemias (CLLs) and 14%, 57% and 41% of mantle, follicular and Burkitt lymphomas, respectively. In the setting of diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), LMO2‐positivity was related strongly to a GC phenotype. LMO2 was found in 83% primary mediastinal large B cell lymphomas (PMBLs) and 100% nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphomas (NLPHLs), whereas only 10% of classical HLs were stained. Acute and chronic myeloid leukaemias were usually positive.Conclusions:  The new anti‐LMO2 antibody can be applied confidently to routine sections, contributing to the differential diagnosis of several lymphoma subtypes, subtyping of DLBCLs and potential development of innovative therapies.
The presence and localization of onychodermis (specialized nail mesenchyme) containing onychofibroblasts in the nail unit: a morphological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Lee Dong‐Youn , Park Ji‐Hye , Shin Hyun‐Tae , Yang Jun‐Mo , Jang Kee‐Taek , Kwon Ghee Young , Lee Kyung‐Hoon , Shim Jong Sup 
Published: March 2012

Lee D‐Y, Park J‐H, Shin H‐T, Yang J‐M, Jang K‐T, Kwon G Y, Lee K‐H & Shim J S  (2012) Histopathology 61, 123–130The presence and localization of onychodermis (specialized nail mesenchyme) containing onychofibroblasts in the nail unit: a morphological and immunohistochemical studyAims:  Due to its limited availability there has been very little research on the mesenchyme of the nail unit. Recently, we discovered specialized mesenchymal cells beneath the nail matrix and proposed to call them onychofibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to further delineate more precisely by histology and immunohistochemistry the specialized nail mesenchyme.Methods and results:  Thirty supernumerary digits were obtained during operations to correct polydactyly. Longitudinal and transverse sections were obtained from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded blocks. In sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin, a mesenchymal area that showed much more cellularity and less eosinophilic, loose connective tissue was identified beneath the nail matrix and nail bed. Using Alcian blue staining, mucin was detected in this mesenchymal area below the nail matrix and nail bed. Immnunohistochemically, CD10 and versican were expressed strongly in the mesenchyme containing onychofibroblasts under the nail matrix and nail bed.Conclusions:  These results demonstrate the presence and localization of a specialized nail mesenchyme containing onychofibroblasts in a well‐defined area beneath the nail matrix and nail bed. Thus, we propose the term onychodermis for this specialized nail mesenchyme that is histologically and immunohistochemically distinct from the dermis of other parts of the nail unit.
Development of standard practice guidelines for open and closed system suctioning
Authors: Özden Dilek , Görgülü R Selma 
Published: March 2012

Aims.  This study was carried out to determine the knowledge and practice of nurses before and after training and the development of standard practice guidelines for open and closed system suctioning methods in patients with endotracheal tubes.Background.  Many life‐threatening complications can occur when a suctioning procedure is not performed with the correct technique. It has been reported that standard practice guidelines for suctioning are insufficient in clinical practice.Design.  Non‐participant structured observational study.Methods.  We assessed a total of 48 nurses who were employed in the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit of a state hospital in Turkey. We used a questionnaire and nurse observation forms to assess the use of the open and closed system suctioning.Results.  There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the answers (‘true’, ‘wrong’ and ‘I do not know’) for the use of open and closed system suctioning before and after training. In addition, all steps of both suctioning procedures were carried out correctly during the third observation.Conclusions.  The compliance of the nurses to the standard practice guidelines for open and closed suctioning and their knowledge levels on the subject were increased after training, while the implementation of standards was satisfactory.Relevance to clinical practice.  The development of open and closed system suctioning standard practice guidelines directly contributed to the enhancement of patient safety and the quality of nursing care. It is suggested that, as in other nursing care practices, suctioning should be carried out in accordance with standard practice guidelines, and health institutions should develop their standard practice guidelines and work in accordance with them.
A mechanistic understanding of ageing revealed by studying the young
Authors: CRESPI ERICA J. 
Published: March 2012

A main focus within biomedical research is to understand how adverse environmental conditions experienced during early development affects lifelong health (Barker 1992). Within this context, extensive research in rodent models and humans has shown that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) caused by nutrient restriction during early development is often followed by post‐natal ‘catch‐up’ growth when access to food resources improves. However, this accelerated growth rate seems to come at a cost, as metabolic and endocrine processes that are programmed during this time cause later‐life onset of diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (reviewed inCrespi & Denver 2005). In this issueMolecular Ecology,Geigeret al.(2012)asked what are the costs of catch‐up growth in nutrient‐restricted king penguin chicks (Fig. 1) by measuring lengths of telomeres, the protective DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes, before and after catch‐up growth, as the amount and rate of telomere sequence loss over time has been associated with reduced lifespan in both model and nonmodel organisms (see reviews ofCostantiniet al.2010;Haussmann & Marchetto 2010).Geigeret al.(2011)found that chicks entering the post‐winter growth season at a smaller size exhibited increased growth rates (i.e. catch‐up growth) at the cost of increased oxidative stress and reduced telomere lengths compared with the chicks entering the growth period at a larger size. Furthermore, chicks that did not survive had drastically shorter telomere lengths and reduced antioxidant capacities at the beginning of the growth period than all other chicks, thereby directly associating telomere length to mortality. These results suggest that while catch‐up growth allows smaller chicks to head off into the world on equal footing with chicks that hatched at a larger size, it likely comes at the cost of a shortened lifespan. Thus, this study provides a mechanism that supports the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of senescence (Promislow 2004). Geigeret al.(2011)measured of telomere length and oxidative stress to investigate how body size and growth rates of king penguin chicks affect their lifespan. These king penguin chicks are from the colonie de la Baie du Marin, Crozet Archipelago (photograph taken by Sylvie Geiger).image
Gall formation in clubroot‐infected Arabidopsis results from an increase in existing meristematic activities of the host but is not essential for the completion of the pathogen life cycle
Authors: Malinowski Robert , Smith Jody A. , Fleming Andrew J. , Scholes Julie D. , Rolfe Stephen A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPlasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot) infection leads to reprogramming of host development resulting in the formation of characteristic galls. In this work we explored the cellular events that underly gall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana with the help of molecular markers of cell division (CYCB1:GUS) and meristematic activity (ANT:GUS). Our results show that gall development involved the amplification of existing meristematic activities within the vascular cambium (VC) and phloem parenchyma (PP) cells in the region of the hypocotyl. Additionally we found that the increase in VC activity and prolonged maintenance of cambial‐derived cells in a meristematic state was crucial for gall formation; disruption of the VC activity significantly decreased the gall size. Gall formation also perturbed vascular development with a significant reduction in xylem and increase in PP in infected plants. This situation was reflected in a decrease in transcripts of key factors promoting xylogenesis (VND6, VND7 and MYB46) and an increase in those promoting phloem formation and function (APL, SUC2). Finally we show, using the cell cycle inhibitor ICK1/KRP1 and a cle41 mutant with altered regulation of cambial stem cell maintenance and differentiation, that a decrease in gall formation did not prevent pathogen development. This finding demonstrates that although gall formation is a typical symptom of the disease and influences numbers of spores produced, it is not required for completion of the pathogen life cycle. Together, these results provide an insight into the relationship of the cellular events that accompany Plasmodiophora infection and their role in disease progression.
Incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: KONG WAI Y , YONG GERALD , IRISH ASHLEY 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAim:  Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) poses a significant risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Little is known of the impact of TAVI and AKI on long‐term kidney function and health cost. We explored the predictive factors and prognostic implications of AKI following TAVI.Methods:  Single‐centre retrospective analysis of 52 elderly patients undergoing TAVI was conducted. The primary endpoint was renal outcome which included the incidence of AKI and 12‐month renal function after TAVI. Secondary endpoints were mortality, the length of hospital stay (LOS) and cost.Results:  AKI occurred in 15/52 (28.8%) patients (mean age 84 ± 6) and three patients (6%) required dialysis. Patients with AKI (AKI+) had greater comorbidity (diabetes and cerebrovascular disease) and a trend towards reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline compared with those without AKI (56.6 vs AKI−: 65.7 mL/min per 1.73 m2, P = 0.07). Following TAVI, AKI− patients experienced an immediate improvement in eGFR, which remained significantly higher at all time points compared with AKI+ patients (70.4 vs 46.9 at 6 months and 73.7 vs 53.0 at 12 months, P < 0.001). Cumulative mortality for AKI+versus AKI− group was 26.7% and 2.7% (P = 0.006). LOS doubled (P < 0.001) and average hospitalization cost per patient was 1.5 times higher in the AKI+ group (P < 0.001). Independent predictors of AKI were peri‐procedural blood transfusion (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 2.0–3.1), trans‐apical approach (OR: 9.3, 95% CI: 4.3–23.7) and hypertension (OR: 6.4, 95% CI: 2.9–17.3).Conclusion:  AKI developed in 28.8% of patients after TAVI and was associated with procedural technique and transfusion requirement, and an increased LOS and mortality. However, most patients achieved a significant and sustained improvement in eGFR.
Tumours of the retrorectal space: management and outcome of a heterogeneous group of diseases
Authors: Boscà A. , Pous S. , Artés M. J. , Gómez F. , Granero Castro P. , García‐Granero E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim Retrorectal tumours are a rare and complex entity in adults and children. They present a varied symptomatology and their treatment is very different according to their histology. We aimed to evaluate our experience of tumours of the retrorectal space.Method Forty patients with retrorectal tumours were divided into two groups according to age. The variables analysed were sex, signs and symptoms, complementary examinations, surgical approaches, adjuvant therapies, pathological analyses, recurrence and survival.Results Symptoms across the 30 adults varied – back pain (18) was the most common. Surgical intervention was performed on 20 patients; the rest were candidates for other treatments: five metastatic disease, two lymphomas and two Ewing tumour. The most common surgical approach was posterior, with 10 cases (50%). In all, 70% of adult tumours were malignant, with chordoma (30%) and metastases (20%) being the most common lesions. The most frequent benign lesion was hamartoma (10%). The 1‐ and 5‐year mortality rates were 23.8% and 38.1%, respectively. In the paediatric group, three patients were diagnosed in utero. The symptoms among children varied and all were operated upon. The most frequent tumour was teratoma. Overall mortality was 20%.Conclusions Given their complexity, these tumours should be addressed by experts and all treatment options must be contemplated. They continue to present a challenge, above all in malignant tumours where the tumour cannot be controlled at a locoregional level.