bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A series peaked gm‐boosted 3.1–10.6 GHz CMOS CG UWB LNA for WiMedia
Authors: Khurram Muhammad , Rezaul Hasan S. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn improved low noise amplifier (LNA) architecture is presented for WiMedia ultrawideband radio frequency frontend.The LNA topology addresses the issue of noise reduction keeping the power consumption to a minimum by employing the transconductance “gm” boosted common gate (CG) LNA topology with series peaking, operating in the WiMedia spectrum. This CG LNA utilizes an active gm‐boosting stage where the bias current is shared between the gm‐boosting stage and the self‐biased CG amplifying stage. In conjunction with an LC T‐network to further reduce the noise figure (NF) of the CG stage with finite output conductance (gds), inductive series peaking is used to widen the operating pass‐band. The proposed LNA is designed using the 130 nm IBM CMOS process and achieved an input return loss (S11) and an output return loss (S22) of −10 dB and −14 dB, respectively. The LNA exhibits forward power gain (S21) of around 14 dB with a NF ranging between 3.5 and 4.1 dB. The complete chip dissipates 5 mW from a 1.0 V supply with an input referred third order intercept point (IIP3) and an input referred 1‐dB compression point (ICP1dB) of −4.8 dBm and −12.1 dBm, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:532–535, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26573
Simulation and experiment of radiating slot in a ground‐plane of microstrip junction
Authors: Pergol Mariusz , Marynowski Wojciech , Mazur Jerzy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this article, a novel configuration of the integrated slot antenna is presented.This structure is based on the principle of radiation of the longitudinal slot in rectangular waveguide acquired by the slotted substrate integrated waveguides and half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide. The antenna arrangement is designed by etching longitudinal slot in the ground plane of the microstrip circuit. Such circuit is designed on a single substrate in the form of a microstrip line open at the end, with a stub attached to its edge. The length of the open stub is selected to produce a short circuit near the edge of the microstrip. The field distribution appearing then in the junction is well suited for slot excitation. The proposed integrated antenna configuration is validated by full‐wave simulation and experimental measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:525–529, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26576
A novel unequal‐power divider based on synthetic quasi‐tem transmission line design
Authors: Chen Chih‐Chiang , Sun Hai‐Tao , Chen Yu‐Ruei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article well proposed a novel miniature unequal Wilkinson power divider using dual transmission line (DTL) design scheme with synthetic quasi‐TEM transmission line whose name is called complementary conducting strip (CCS). Our study technically and theoretically compared the miniaturized unequal Wilkinson power divider (UWPD) consisting of high‐impedance CCS and low‐impedance DTL with traditional microstrips. Under same conditions of process, simulation skill, and electrical performance, the analyses at operating frequency of 2.4 GHz result in that the area needed for CCS DTL UWPD with a power dividing ratio of 5 to 1 is merely 53% of traditional microstrips, input return loss is above 22 dB, isolation figure is over 21 dB, insertion loss of two output ports are 1.5 dB and 8.51 dB, respectively, and a fairly high output power ratio of 5 to 1 is exhibited. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2012
A parallel‐injection injection locked frequency divider in 0.35‐μm SiGe HBT process
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Huang Chong‐Wei , Chang Chia‐Wei , Hsue Ching‐Wen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA high operation frequency multimodulus injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) has been proposed and it is based on a cross‐coupled voltage‐controlled oscillator with the parallel‐injection heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), and was fabricated in the 0.35 μm silicon‐germanium (SiGe) 3P3M BiCMOS technology. The die area is 0.82 × 0.748 mm2. The metal‐oxide‐semicondcutor (MOS) varactor is used to tune the frequency range and operation range. The ILFD has wide divide‐by‐3 locking range due to the parallel injection HBTs with an inductive boosted source voltage. When the supply voltage VCC is 1.2 V and the tuning voltage of the free‐running ILFD is tuned from 0 to 1.2 V, the divider's free‐running oscillation frequency is tunable from 6.21 to 7.379 GHz, and at the incident power of 0 dBm the divide‐by‐3 operation range is 2.7 GHz, continuously from the incident frequency 19.2 to 21.9 GHz. The divide‐by‐3 locking range is 0.8 GHz, from the incident frequency 20.9 to 21.7 GHz. The divide‐by‐2 locking range is 0.8 GHz, from the incident frequency 15.2 to 16.0 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:379–383, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26593
Distribution, crypticity, stability, and localization of α‐L‐fucosidase of mouse cauda epididymal sperm
Authors: Phopin Kamonrat , Nimlamool Wutigri , Bartlett Mackenzie J. , Bean Barry S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSperm‐associated and semen‐specific isoforms of α‐L‐fucosidase are thought to function in fertilization in numerous organisms. Here, we report the localization, distribution, crypticity, and stability of this enzyme in mouse cauda epididymal sperm and cauda fluid. Western analysis revealed that the sperm‐associated α‐L‐fucosidase is present as two isoforms (Mr ∼49 and 56 kDa), whereas the cauda fluid α‐L‐fucosidase shows a single band at 50 kDa. α‐L‐Fucosidase activity was detected using the fluorogenic substrate 4‐MU‐FUC. Of the total α‐L‐fucosidase activity recovered in the cauda epididymal contents, 74% was found in the cell‐free cauda fluid and about 7% was found in sperm cells. During capacitation or permeabilization, cryptic intracellular stores of soluble enzyme were released to the supernatant, while leaving bound enzyme concentrated within the small volume of sperm. Moreover, membrane‐associated enzyme activity was still detectable in acrosome‐reacted cells. Immunofluorescence studies support the presence of α‐L‐fucosidase (originally localizing at the acrosomal area) at the equatorial segment after the acrosome reaction. α‐L‐Fucosidase activity of both cauda fluid and sperm at 37°C, 5% CO2 was relatively stable and detectable up to 72 hr. The stability and appearance of mouse sperm‐associated α‐L‐fucosidase in the equatorial segment after the acrosome reaction suggest that α‐L‐fucosidase may be involved in sperm–egg interaction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 208–217, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A general approach to analyse preconditioners for two‐by‐two block matrices
Authors: Axelsson Owe , Neytcheva Maya 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYTwo‐by‐two block matrices arise in various applications, such as in domain decomposition methods or when solving boundary value problems discretised by finite elements from the separation of the node set of the mesh into ‘fine’ and ‘coarse’ nodes. Matrices with such a structure, in saddle point form arise also in mixed variable finite element methods and in constrained optimisation problems.A general algebraic approach to construct, analyse and control the accuracy of preconditioners for matrices in two‐by‐two block form is presented. This includes both symmetric and nonsymmetric matrices, as well as indefinite matrices. The action of the preconditioners can involve element‐by‐element approximations and/or geometric or algebraic multigrid/multilevel methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile one‐pot/one‐step technique for preparation of side‐chain functionalized polymers: Combination of SET‐RAFT polymerization of azide vinyl monomer and click chemistry
Authors: Shen Qiong , Zhang Jian , Zhang Shuangshuang , Hao Yigang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Weidong , Chen Gaojian , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn azido‐containing functional monomer, 11‐azido‐undecanoyl methacrylate, was successfully polymerized via ambient temperature single electron transfer initiation and propagation through the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (SET‐RAFT) method. The polymerization behavior possessed the characteristics of “living”/controlled radical polymerization. The kinetic plot was first order, and the molecular weight of the polymer increased linearly with the monomer conversion while keeping the relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.22). The complete retention of azido group of the resulting polymer was confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR analysis. Retention of chain functionality was confirmed by chain extension with methyl methacrylate to yield a diblock copolymer. Furthermore, the side‐chain functionalized polymer could be prepared by one‐pot/one‐step technique, which is combination of SET‐RAFT and “click chemistry” methods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Vacancies in fully hydrogenated boron nitride layer: implications for functional nanodevices
Authors: Zhou Y. G. , Wang Z. G. , Nie J. L. , Yang P. , Sun X. , Khaleel M. A. , Zu X. T. , Gao F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing density functional theory, a series of calculations of structural and electronic properties of hydrogen vacancies in a fully hydrogenated boron nitride (fH‐BN) layer were conducted. By dehydrogenating the fH‐BN structure, B‐terminated vacancies can be created which induce complete spin polarization around the Fermi level, irrespective of the vacancy size. On the contrary, the fH‐BN structure with N‐terminated vacancies can be a small‐gap semiconductor, a typical spin gapless semiconductor, or a metal depending on the vacancy size. Utilizing such vacancy‐induced band gap and magnetism changes, possible applications in spintronics are proposed, and a special fH‐BN based quantum dot device is designed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Static disturbance‐to‐output decoupling for nonlinear systems with arbitrary disturbance relative degree
Authors: Yang Jun , Chen Wen‐Hua , Li Shihua , Chen Xisong 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYStatic disturbance‐to‐output decoupling problem for nonlinear systems with arbitrary disturbance relative degree is addressed in this paper without resorting to a high‐gain design. A systematic design method is developed for the design of the disturbance compensation gain in the control law. It is shown that the influence of the disturbance can be eliminated from the output channel in steady state with the proposed design method. More interesting, the exact disturbance decoupling methods turn out to be special cases of the proposed control law. The feasibility of extending the proposed method to unmeasurable disturbance case is also investigated by integrating a nonlinear disturbance observer. It is further discussed that the proposed method can be extended to multiple disturbance cases with almost no modification. Simulation example of a missile shows that the proposed method is effective in rejecting disturbance with arbitrary relative degree. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of cervical elastography: a reproducibility study
Authors: Molina F. S. , Gómez L. F. , Florido J. , Padilla M. C. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess a new method for numerical quantification of cervical elastography during pregnancy and to evaluate the repeatability of the measurements.MethodsCervical elastography was carried out twice by a single operator in 112 singleton pregnancies at a median of 21 (range, 12–40) weeks' gestation. In 50 of the cases a second operator performed another elastography measurement. The intraobserver and interobserver repeatability of measurements in different parts of the cervix were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% CI and by Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in the elastography measurements made by the same and by two different observers in each area measured, except in the area that receives the force of the transducer directly. The distribution of elastographic measurements obtained in different regions of the cervix demonstrated that the external and superior parts were significantly softer than the internal and inferior parts.ConclusionIt is possible to provide an objective quantification of elastographic colors in the cervix. The measurements obtained by elastography may be a mere reflection of the force being applied by the transducer to different parts of the cervix. It is too premature to suggest that the measurements of rate‐of‐change in tissue displacement reflect histological changes that could provide a measure of cervical ripening. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Past and recent changes in the North Atlantic oscillation
Authors: Pinto Joaquim G. , Raible Christoph C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) is under current climate conditions the leading mode of atmospheric circulation variability over the North Atlantic region. While the pattern is present during the entire year, it is most important during winter, explaining a large part of the variability of the large‐scale pressure field, being thus largely determinant for the weather conditions over the North Atlantic basin and over Western Europe. In this study, a review of recent literature on the basic understanding of the NAO, its variability on different time scales and driving physical mechanisms is presented. In particular, the observed NAO variations and long‐term trends are put into a long term perspective by considering paleo‐proxy evidence. A representative number of recently released NAO reconstructions are discussed. While the reconstructions agree reasonably well with observations during the instrumental overlapping period, there is a rather high uncertainty between the different reconstructions for the pre‐instrumental period, which leads to partially incoherent results, that is, periods where the NAO reconstructions do not agree even in sign. Finally, we highlight the future need of a broader definition of the NAO, the assessment of the stability of the teleconnection centers over time, the analysis of the relations to other relevant variables like temperature and precipitation, as well as on the relevant processes involved. WIREs Clim Change 2012, 3:79–90. doi: 10.1002/wcc.150This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Earth System Behavior
Starvation-free mutual exclusion with semaphores
Authors: Hesselink Wim H. , IJbema Mark 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The standard implementation of mutual exclusion by means of a semaphore allows starvation of processes. Between 1979 and 1986, three algorithms were proposed that preclude starvation. These algorithms use a special kind of semaphore. We model this so-called buffered semaphore rigorously and provide mechanized proofs of the algorithms. We prove that the algorithms are three implementations of one abstract algorithm in which every competing process is overtaken not more than once by any other process. We also consider a so-called polite semaphore, which is weaker than the buffered one and is strong enough for one of the three algorithms. Refinement techniques are used to compare the algorithms and the semaphores.
On the radiality of constrained minimizers to the Schrödinger–Poisson–Slater energy
Authors: Georgiev Vladimir , Prinari Francesca , Visciglia Nicola 
Published: December 2011

We study the radial symmetry of minimizers to the Schrödinger–Poisson–Slater (S–P–S) energy:

\inf\limits_{\scriptsize
\begin{array}{l}
u \in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}) \\
\|u\|_{L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{3})} = \rho
\end{array}}
\frac{1}{2}\int \limits_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}|\mathrm{∇}u|^{2} + \frac{1}{4}\int \limits_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}\int \limits_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}\frac{|u(x)|^{2}|u(y)|^{2}}{|x−y|}\:dx\:dy−\frac{1}{p}\int \limits_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}|u|^{p}\:dx

provided that

2 < p < 3

and

ρ

is small. The main result shows that minimizers are radially symmetric modulo suitable translation.

Résumé
On montre la radialité des minimiseurs de lʼénergie de Schrödinger–Poisson–Slater

\inf\limits_{\scriptsize
\begin{array}{l}
u \in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}) \\
\|u\|_{L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{3})} = \rho
\end{array}}
\frac{1}{2}\int \limits_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}|\mathrm{∇}u|^{2} + \frac{1}{4}\int \limits_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}\int \limits_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}\frac{|u(x)|^{2}|u(y)|^{2}}{|x−y|}\:dx\:dy−\frac{1}{p}\int \limits_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}|u|^{p}\:dx

pourvu que

2 < p < 3

et

ρ

est petit.
QUASIMODULAR FORMS AND COHOMOLOGY
Authors: Lee Min Ho 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe construct linear maps from the spaces of quasimodular forms for a discrete subgroup Γ of SL(2,ℝ) to some cohomology spaces of the group Γ and prove that these maps are equivariant with respect to appropriate Hecke operator actions. The results are obtained by using the fact that there is a correspondence between quasimodular forms and certain finite sequences of modular forms.
Teleost fish larvae adapt to dietary arachidonic acid supply through modulation of the expression of lipid metabolism and stress response genes
Authors: Alves Martins Dulce , Rocha Filipa , Martínez-Rodríguez Gonzalo , Bell Gordon , Morais Sofia , Castanheira Filipa , Bandarra Narcisa , Coutinho Joana , Yúfera Manuel , Conceição Luís E. C. 
Published: December 2011

Dietary fatty acid supply can affect stress response in fish during early development. Although knowledge on the mechanisms involved in fatty acid regulation of stress tolerance is scarce, it has often been hypothesised that eicosanoid profiles can influence cortisol production. Genomic cortisol actions are mediated by cytosolic receptors which may respond to cellular fatty acid signalling. An experiment was designed to test the effects of feeding gilthead sea-bream larvae with four microdiets, containing graded arachidonic acid (ARA) levels (0·4, 0·8, 1·5 and 3·0 %), on the expression of genes involved in stress response (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, glucocorticoid receptor and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), lipid and, particularly, eicosanoid metabolism (hormone-sensitive lipase, PPARα, phospholipase A2, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase), as determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Fish fatty acid phenotypes reflected dietary fatty acid profiles. Growth performance, survival after acute stress and similar whole-body basal cortisol levels suggested that sea-bream larvae could tolerate a wide range of dietary ARA levels. Transcription of all genes analysed was significantly reduced at dietary ARA levels above 0·4 %. Nonetheless, despite practical suppression of phospholipase A2transcription, higher leukotriene B4levels were detected in larvae fed 3·0 % ARA, whereas a similar trend was observed regarding PGE2production. The present study demonstrates that adaptation to a wide range of dietary ARA levels in gilthead sea-bream larvae involves the modulation of the expression of genes related to eicosanoid synthesis, lipid metabolism and stress response. The roles of ARA, other polyunsaturates and eicosanoids as signals in this process are discussed.
Effects of ethanol consumption on the B-group vitamin contents of liver, blood and urine in rats
Authors: Miyazaki Aiko , Sano Mitsue , Fukuwatari Tsutomu , Shibata Katsumi 
Published: December 2011

Several studies have shown that blood vitamin levels are lower in alcoholic patients than in control subjects. Acute ethanol exposure enhances the release of vitamins from liver cellsin vitro.The aim of the present study is to confirm the effects of ethanol consumption on vitamin contentsin vivo.We compared the contents of B-group vitamins in the liver, blood and urine between ethanol-fed and control rats fed a diet containing a sufficient- and low-vitamin mixture. The experimental rats were fed a 15 % ethanol solution freely for 28 d, and then 24 h urine samples were collected, after which the animals were killed. The B-group vitamin contents in the liver, blood and urine were measured. No differences in liver, blood and urine contents were observed between the control and ethanol-fed rats fed a diet containing a sufficient-vitamin mixture. On the contrary, in rats fed a diet containing a low-vitamin mixture, consumption of ethanol caused a decrease in the contents of vitamins B1, B2and pantothenic acid in the liver; however, the contents of the other vitamins did not decrease. In the blood, the contents of vitamins B1, B2, B6and pantothenic acid were lower in the ethanol-fed rats than in the controls. Urinary excretion of the B-group vitamins, except for niacin, was lower in the ethanol-fed rats. These results show that ethanol consumption affects the absorption, distribution and excretion of each of the vitamins in rats fed a diet containing a low-vitamin mixture.
Egyptian sweet marjoram leaves protect against genotoxicity, immunosuppression and other complications induced by cyclophosphamide in albino rats
Authors: Ramadan Gamal , El-Beih Nadia M. , Zahra Mai M. 
Published: December 2011

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the most popular alkylating anticancer drugs that show a high therapeutic index, despite the widespread side effects and toxicity particularly in high-dose regimens and long-term use. Here, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of two different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, given orally for 30 consecutive days) of Egyptian sweet marjoram leaf powder (MLP) and marjoram leaf aqueous extract (MLE) in alleviating the genotoxicity, immunosuppression and other complications induced by CP in non-tumour-bearing albino rats. The present study showed (probably for the first time) that both MLP and MLE significantly alleviated (P < 0·05–0·001) most side effects and toxicity of CP-treated rats including the increase in chromosomal aberrations of bone marrow cells and serum malondialdehyde level, the decrease in the level of serum Ig, the delayed type of hypersensitivity response as also the weights and cellularity of lymphoid organs, and myelosuppression, leucopenia, macrocytic normochromic anaemia as well as thrombocytopenia by reactivating the non-enzymic (reduced glutathione) and enzymic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathioneS-transferase, superoxide dismutase) antioxidant system and increasing the mitotic index of bone marrow cells. The modulatory effects of marjoram leaves shown in the present study were dose dependent in most cases and much higher in MLE (21–23 % for all parameters taken together). In addition, the doses used in the present study were considered safe. In conclusion, sweet marjoram leaves (especially in the form of a herbal tea) may be useful as an immunostimulant and in reducing genotoxicity in patients under chemotherapeutic interventions.