bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of low‐intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction on coagulation system in healthy subjects
Authors: Madarame Haruhiko , Kurano Miwa , Takano Haruhito , Iida Haruko , Sato Yoshiaki , Ohshima Hiroshi , Abe Takashi , Ishii Naokata , Morita Toshihiro , Nakajima Toshiaki 
Published: February 2010

SummaryRecent studies have demonstrated that even a low‐intensity resistance exercise can effectively induce muscle hypertrophy and strength increase when combined with moderate blood flow restriction (BFR) into the exercising muscle. Although serious side effects of low‐intensity resistance exercise with BFR have not been reported, a concern of thrombosis has been suggested, because this type of exercise is performed with restricted venous blood flow and pooling of blood in extremities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low‐intensity resistance exercise with BFR on coagulation system in healthy subjects. Ten healthy men (25·1 ± 2·8 year) performed four sets of leg press exercises with and without BFR (150–160 mmHg) at an intensity of 30% of one‐repetition maximum (1RM). In each exercise session, one set with 30 repetitions was followed by three sets with 15 repetitions. Blood samples were taken before, and 10 min, 1, 4 and 24 h after the exercise. Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (PTF) and thrombin–antithrombin III complex (TAT) were measured as markers of thrombin generation, whereas D‐dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) were measured as markers of intravascular clot formation. Changes in plasma volume (PV) were calculated from haemoglobin and hematocrit values. PV reduction was significantly greater after the exercise with BFR than without (P<0·05). However, neither markers of thrombin generation nor intravascular clot formation increased after the exercises. These results suggest that low‐intensity resistance exercise with BFR does not activate coagulation system in healthy subjects.
A Baseline Evaluation of Casino Air Quality After Enactment of Nevada's Clean Indoor Air Act
Authors: York Nancy L. , Lee Kiyoung 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
Objective: The U.S. Surgeon General reports that there is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). The purpose of this study was to measure levels of fine particulate matter in nonsmoking casino restaurants after enactment of Nevada's Clean Indoor Air Act (NCIAA).Methods: Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) concentrations were measured in 16 casino hotel restaurants and gaming areas for a total of 32 venues. A battery‐operated SidePak aerosol monitor was discreetly used for at least 30 min in each venue.Results: Nonsmoking restaurant PM2.5 levels ranged from 5 to 101 μg/m3 (M=31; SD=22.9) while gaming areas ranged from 20 to 73 μg/m3 (M=48; SD=15.9). There was a significant difference in PM2.5 between restaurants and gaming areas, t(30)=−2.54, p=.017. There was also a strong correlation between the levels of restaurant PM2.5 and gaming area PM2.5 (r=.71; p=.005).Conclusion: Fine PM2.5 in all casino areas was above what the Environmental Protection Agency recommends as healthy. This information can be used to educate policy decision makers when discussing potential strengthening of the law.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Uterine NK Cells, Spiral Artery Modification and the Regulation of Blood Pressure During Mouse Pregnancy
Authors: Burke Suzanne D. , Barrette Valerie F. , Gravel Jonathan , Carter Alexandra L. I. , Hatta Kota , Zhang Jianhong , Chen Zhilin , Leno‐Durán Ester , Bianco Juares , Leonard Sean , Murrant Coral , Adams Michael A. , Anne Croy B. 
Published: February 2010

Citation Burke SD, Barrette VF, Gravel J, Carter ALI, Hatta K, Zhang J, Chen Z, Leno‐Durán E, Bianco J, Leonard S, Murrant C, Adams MA, Anne Croy B. Uterine NK cells, spiral artery modification and the regulation of blood pressure during mouse pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010Reproductive success in mammals involves coordinated changes in the immune and cardiovascular as well as in the neuroendocrine and reproductive systems. This review addresses studies that identify potential links for NK cells and T cells with the local and systemic cardiovascular adaptations of pregnancy. The studies reviewed have utilized immunohistochemisty and in vivo analyses of vascular parameters by ultrasound, chronic monitoring of hemodynamics via radiotelemetric recording and intravital microscopy. At the uterine level, functional subsets of uterine natural killer cells were identified. These included subsets expressing molecules important for vasoregulation, in addition to those previously identified for angiogenesis. Spiral arteries showed conducted responses that could account for conceptus control of vasoactivity and mouse gestational blood pressure 5‐phase pattern. Vascular immunology is an emerging transdisciplinary field, critical for both reproductive immunology and cardiovascular disease.
Overweight and obesity in Norwegian children: prevalence and socio‐demographic risk factors
Authors: Júlíusson Pétur B , Eide Geir Egil , Roelants Mathieu , Waaler Per Erik , Hauspie Roland , Bjerknes Robert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and to identify socio‐demographic risk factors in Norwegian children.Methods:  The body mass index of 6386 children aged 2–19 years was compared with the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut‐off values to estimate the prevalence of overweight including obesity (OWOB) and obesity (OB). The effect of socio‐demographic factors on this prevalence was analysed using multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis in a subsample of 3793 children.Results:  The overall prevalence of OWOB was 13.8% (13.2% in boys and 14.5% in girls, p = 0.146), but the prevalence was higher in primary school children aged 6–11 years (17%, p < 0.001). The risk of being OWOB or OB increased in children with fever siblings (p = 0.003) and with lower parental educational level (p = 0.001). There was no association with parental employment status, single‐parent families or origin.Conclusion:  The prevalence of OWOB and OB in Norwegian primary school children is of concern. Socio‐demographic factors have pronounced effects on the current prevalence of overweight and obesity in a cohort of Norwegian children. This knowledge could help to work out strategies to reduce the burden of overweight and obesity in children.
The value of the Thomas‐plot in the diagnostic work up of anemic patients referred by general practitioners
Authors: LEERS M. P. G. , KEUREN J. F. W. , OOSTERHUIS W. P. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryIn patients with inflammatory conditions, diagnosing classic iron deficiency or anemia of chronic disease is challenging. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic value of the so‐called Thomas’‐plot [soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)/log ferritin (sTfr/log Ferr) and the reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret‐HE)] in the anemia work up of patients referred by general practitioners. During July 2008–March 2009, 337 consecutive patients were included because of lowered Hb values. The laboratory results of the first 133 consecutive patients were used to determine the cut‐off values for the diagnostic plot. The laboratory results of these patients were assessed and interpreted independently by two investigators, blinded from sTfR/log Ferr and Ret‐HE values. The following 204 patients were used to test the plot in practice. In 32% of the first 133 patients, no indication of the cause of anemia could be found. However, when using the diagnostic plot in the following 204 patients, this fraction decreased to 14%. The ‘Thomas’‐plot is of diagnostic value for distinguishing functional iron deficiency from classic iron deficiency in a patient population referred by general practitioners.
Populations of weedy crop–wild hybrid beets show contrasting variation in mating system and population genetic structure
Authors: Arnaud Jean‐François , Fénart Stéphane , Cordellier Mathilde , Cuguen Joël 
Published: February 2010

AbstractReproductive traits are key parameters for the evolution of invasiveness in weedy crop–wild hybrids. In Beta vulgaris, cultivated beets hybridize with their wild relatives in the seed production areas, giving rise to crop–wild hybrid weed beets. We investigated the genetic structure, the variation in first‐year flowering and the variation in mating system among weed beet populations occurring within sugar beet production fields. No spatial genetic structure was found for first‐year populations composed of F1 crop–wild hybrid beets. In contrast, populations composed of backcrossed weed beets emerging from the seed bank showed a strong isolation‐by‐distance pattern. Whereas gametophytic self‐incompatibility prevents selfing in wild beet populations, all studied weed beet populations had a mixed‐mating system, plausibly because of the introgression of the crop‐derived Sf gene that disrupts self‐incompatibility. No significant relationship between outcrossing rate and local weed beet density was found, suggesting no trends for a shift in the mating system because of environmental effects. We further reveal that increased invasiveness of weed beets may stem from positive selection on first‐year flowering induction depending on the B gene inherited from the wild. Finally, we discuss the practical and applied consequences of our findings for crop‐weed management.
A novel multiplex PCR assay for the identification of Indian crocodiles
Authors: MEGANATHAN P. R. , DUBEY BHAWNA , JOGAYYA KOTA NAGA , WHITAKER NIKHIL , HAQUE IKRAMUL 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIllegal hunting has been a major threat for the survival of wildlife fauna, including the three crocodile species that India harbours: Crocodylus palustris, Crocodylus porosus and Gavialis gangeticus. Although law prevents trade on these species, illicit hunting for trade continues to threaten the survival of these endangered species; conservation strategies therefore require a rapid molecular identification technique for Indian crocodiles. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with species‐specific primers, considered as one of the most effective molecular techniques, is described herein. The primers were designed to yield species‐specific sized amplicons. The assay discriminates the three Indian crocodile species unambiguously within a short time period using only simple agarose gel electrophoresis. We recommend this multiplex PCR assay to be used in the identification of Indian crocodile species.
Microglia as immune effectors of the central nervous system: Expression of cytokines and chemokines
Authors: Kim Seung U. , Nagai Atsushi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMicroglia, one of three glial cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), play an important role as resident immunocompetent and phagocytic cells in the CNS in the event of injury and disease. It was del Rio Hortega in 1927 who determined that microglia belong to a distinct glial cell type in the CNS, apart from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Since the 1970s, there has been wide recognition that microglia are immune effectors in the CNS that respond to pathological conditions and participate in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome dementia complex by releasing potentially cytotoxic molecules such as pro‐inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen intermediates, proteinases and complement proteins. There is also evidence to suggest that the microglia are capable of secreting neurotrophic or neuron survival factors on activation through inflammation or injury. In the present review, the current status of knowledge on biology and immunology of microglia is reported. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759‐1961.2010.00007.x, 2010)
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Confounding Factors of Novel Serological Tests Used for the Rapid Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Farmed Red Deer (
Cervus elaphus
)
Authors: Buddle Bryce M. , Wilson Tania , Denis Michel , Greenwald Rena , Esfandiari Javan , Lyashchenko Konstantin P. , Liggett Simon , Mackintosh Colin G. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

In this study, novel serological tests were used to detect tuberculosis (TB) in groups of farmed red deer (
Cervus elaphus
) varying in disease status or possible confounding factors. Groups of deer naturally or experimentally infected with
Mycobacterium bovis
and animals vaccinated against paratuberculosis were studied, as were uninfected animals and animals naturally or experimentally infected with
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
. Sera were assayed using two rapid lateral-flow tests, Chembio's CervidTB STAT-PAK and DPP VetTB tests, and results were compared to those from tuberculin skin tests. Both serological tests had a high sensitivity, but specificity was adversely affected after animals had received a vaccine against paratuberculosis and were subsequently skin tested. The specificity of the DPP VetTB test was higher than that of the CervidTB STAT-PAK test, with natural infection with
M
. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
adversely affecting the specificity of only the CervidTB STAT-PAK test. The sera from
M
. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
-infected deer that produced false-positive reactions in the CervidTB STAT-PAK test were retested with a multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA), and some of these sera were shown to react with the MPB83 antigen. Combining the results from the serological tests and the skin tests showed only a slight increase in the sensitivity of detection of
M. bovis
-infected animals. It is concluded that both the CervidTB STAT-PAK and DPP VetTB tests offer rapid, convenient, and easy detection of bovine tuberculosis in deer, albeit with significant interference from paratuberculosis vaccination status and subsequent skin testing. The latter finding illustrates one of the limitations of currently available vaccines against paratuberculosis.
Humoral Immune Responses in Patients with Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Authors: Cerar Tjaša , Ogrinc Katarina , Strle Franc , Ružić-Sabljić Eva 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the humoral immune responses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for 34 adult patients with clinically evident Lyme neuroborreliosis, 27 patients with clinically suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis, and 32 patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Additionally, we wanted to compare the findings of two methods for the detection of intrathecally synthesized borrelial antibodies: the IDEIA Lyme neuroborreliosis test using flagellar antigen and an approach based on the Liaison indirect chemiluminescence immunoassay using the OspC and VlsE antigens. Borrelial IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by at least one of these methods in the sera of 22/34 (64.7%) and 28/34 (82.4%) patients with clinically evident Lyme neuroborreliosis, respectively, and in the cerebrospinal fluid of 22/34 (64.7%) and 20/34 (58.8%) of these patients, respectively. Intrathecal synthesis of borrelial IgM and/or IgG was found in 19/34 (55.9%) patients: IgM in 17/34 (50%) patients and IgG in 15/34 (44.1%) patients. The relatively low proportion of intrathecal synthesis of borrelial antibodies and the high ratio of IgM positivity could be explained by the short duration of neurological disease as evidenced by reported symptoms (median, 10 days). Assessment of the humoral immune response in the sera and CSF of patients with early Lyme neuroborreliosis confirmed previous findings on the relationship between the duration of illness and the proportion of patients with detectable responses.
Prevalence of Protective Measles Virus Antibody Levels in Umbilical Cord Blood Samples in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Plans Pedro , Costa Josep , Domínguez Angela , Torner Núria , Borras Eva , Plasència Antoni 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of protective antibody levels (>160 mIU/ml) in neonates was 98.5%. The mean measles virus antibody level was 3,406 mIU/ml and increased with maternal age. Measles vaccination was reported by 42% of pregnant women and decreased with age.
Identification of and Human Serum Reactogenicity to Neutralizing Epitopes within the Central Unglycosylated Region of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Attachment Protein
Authors: Murata Yoshihiko , Lightfoote Paula M. , Falsey Ann R. , Walsh Edward E. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
We identified two overlapping neutralizing epitopes within residues 151 to 172 of the central unglycosylated region of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) attachment protein. In ∼40% of hospitalized and outpatient adults infected with RSV subtype A, these contiguous residues are the target of ≥4-fold increases in IgG response between acute- and convalescent-phase sera.
Randomized Trial on the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of MenACWY-CRM, an Investigational Quadrivalent Meningococcal Glycoconjugate Vaccine, Administered Concomitantly with a Combined Tetanus, Reduced Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Gasparini Roberto , Conversano Michele , Bona Gianni , Gabutti Giovanni , Anemona Alessandra , Dull Peter M. , Ceddia Francesca 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, when administered concomitantly with a combined tetanus, reduced diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, in subjects aged 11 to 25 years. Subjects received either MenACWY-CRM and Tdap, MenACWY-CRM and saline placebo, or Tdap and saline placebo. No significant increase in reactogenicity and no clinically significant vaccine-related adverse events (AEs) occurred when MenACWY-CRM and Tdap were administered concomitantly. Similar immunogenic responses to diphtheria, tetanus, and meningococcal (serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y) antigens were observed, regardless of concomitant vaccine administration. Antipertussis antibody responses were comparable between vaccine groups for filamentous hemagglutinin and were slightly lower, although not clinically significantly, for pertussis toxoid and pertactin when the two vaccines were administered concomitantly. These results indicate that the investigational MenACWY-CRM vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic and that it can be coadministered with Tdap to adolescents and young adults.
A DNA Vaccine-Encoded Nucleoprotein of Influenza Virus Fails To Induce Cellular Immune Responses in a Diabetic Mouse Model
Authors: Jamali Abbas , Sabahi Farzaneh , Bamdad Taravat , Hashemi Hamidreza , Mahboudi Fereidoun , Kheiri Masume Tavasoti 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
Influenza virus infections cause yearly epidemics and are a major cause of lower respiratory tract illnesses in humans worldwide. Influenza virus has long been recognized to be associated with higher morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Vaccination is an effective tool to prevent influenza virus infection in this group of patients. Vaccines employing recombinant-DNA technologies are an alternative to inactivated virus and live attenuated virus vaccines. Internal highly conserved viral nucleoprotein (NP) can be delivered as a DNA vaccine to provide heterosubtypic immunity, offering resistance against various influenza virus strains. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of an NP DNA vaccine for induction of cell-mediated immune responses and protection against influenza virus infection in a mouse model of diabetes. Healthy and diabetic BALB/c mice were immunized on days 0, 14, and 28 by injection of NP DNA vaccine. Two weeks after the last immunization, the cellular immune response was evaluated by gamma interferon (IFN-γ), lymphocyte proliferation, and cytotoxicity assays. The mice were challenged with influenza virus, and the viral titers in the lungs were measured on day 4. Diabetic mice showed significantly smaller amounts of IFN-γ production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytotoxicity responses than nondiabetic mice. Furthermore, higher titers of the influenza virus were detected after challenge in the lungs of the diabetic mice. The present data suggest that the NP DNA vaccine with the protocol of immunization described here is not able to induce efficient cellular immune responses against influenza virus infection in diabetic mice.
Interactive Changes between Macrophages and Adipocytes
Authors: Xie Linglin , Ortega M. Teresa , Mora Silvia , Chapes Stephen K. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTObesity is associated with a proinflammatory state, with macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue. We tested the hypothesis that communication between macrophages and adipocytes affects insulin resistance by disrupting insulin-stimulated glucose transport, adipocyte differentiation, and macrophage function. To test this hypothesis, we cocultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes with C2D macrophages or primary peritoneal mouse macrophages and examined the impacts of macrophages and adipocytes on each other. Adipocytes and preadipocytes did not affect C2D macrophageTNF-α,IL-6, orIL-1βtranscript concentrations relative to those obtained when C2D macrophages were incubated alone. However, preadipocytes and adipocytes increased PEC-C2D macrophageIL-6transcript levels, while preadipocytes inhibitedIL-1βtranscript levels compared to those obtained when PEC-C2D macrophages were incubated in medium alone. We found that adipocyte coculture increased macrophage consumption of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and, in some cases, IL-6. C2D macrophages increasingly downregulatedGLUT4transcript levels in differentiated adipocytes. Recombinant TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 also downregulatedGLUT4transcript levels relative to those for the control. However, only IL-6 was inhibitory at concentrations detected in macrophage-adipocyte cocultures. IL-6 and TNF-α, but not IL-1β, inhibited Akt phosphorylation within 15 min of insulin stimulation, but only IL-6 was inhibitory 30 min after stimulation. Lastly, we found that adipocyte differentiation was inhibited by macrophages or by recombinant TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, with IL-6 having the most impact. These data suggest that the interaction between macrophages and adipocytes is a complex process, and they support the hypothesis that the macrophage-adipocyte interaction affects insulin resistance by disrupting insulin-stimulated glucose transport, adipocyte differentiation, and macrophage function.
Immunological Fingerprinting Method for Differentiation of Serum Samples in Research-Oriented Biobanks
Authors: Beaumont Katy , Betsou Fotini 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTAn immunoenzymatic serum fingerprinting method was developed to establish a serum sample fingerprint based on IgG titers obtained with three different antigens. Three widely expressed antigens were selected for their capacity to induce long-lasting humoral immune responses. This fingerprinting method may be used to differentiate between two serum samples and to determine whether they come from the same primary blood specimen. The method showed a specificity of 99.5%. This method is suitable as a quality control method for biobanked serum samples.