bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFL learners’ Awareness of Decontextualized and Contextualized of Some English Phrasal Verbs
Authors: Siddiq Najim Abdullah , Khalil Ahmad Ramadhan 
Published: June 2024

Phrasal verbs belong to fixed expressions and they are well-established, very popular idioms and compromise an integral part of English language .The current paper tackles EFL learners' awareness in determining the correct meaning of some contextualized and decontextualized phrasal verbs. It tries to explore the effect of context as an approach to guess the correct meaning of phrasal verbs. It hypothesizes that context plays an important role in helping students to overcome difficulties they face and hence helps them make inferences to realize the correct meaning of phrasal verbs. In order to test the validity of this hypothesis, (6) English phrasal verbs have been incorporated in two multiple choice tests and then given to (50) EFL learners of English at their 3rd year/stage of study at the English department to choose the correct meaning of phrasal verbs. In the first test , the phrasal verbs were decontextualized and students were asked to choose the correct meaning of them .In the second test , the same students were asked to choose the correct meaning of the same phrasal verbs within their contexts (contextualized). Then, both tests were compared to find out the effect of context. The results show the students' ability in making use of the context and determine the correct meaning of phrasal verbs. This paper concludes that context is a very important factor in helping and enabling EFL learners to make inferences of the meanings of contextualized phrasal verbs.
The Role of Teachers in Implementing Inclusive Education in Basic Schools in Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Authors: Abdulqader Gorani Adnan Abdulkareem , Mahmood Najmuldeen Shamsulddin 
Published: June 2024

This study is conducted to investigate the teachers’ attitudes toward inclusive education. The participants are teachers from primary schools who have at least one student with special needs learning within the ordinary class. The study aims to clarify the teachers’ attitudes toward inclusive education and to identify the difficulties of implementing inclusive education, in addition, to showing the role of regular and special education teachers in promoting inclusive education. To achieve the aims of the study, it is worth eliciting the answers from the teachers’ feelings towards inclusive education and finding the challenges faced in the implementation of inclusive education in the basic schools in the city of Duhok. The study structure is based on both primary and secondary sources. The first one is a questionnaire used to collect data from the teachers’ opinions and attitudes, and the second one is the sources from various books, journals, and research articles related to inclusive education. The study also includes the views and thoughts of the researchers as they have experiences in the field. This study has tried to provide some information regarding teachers’ perceptions, challenges, and concerns about implementing Inclusive education in the basic schools in the Kurdistan region. An integrative questionnaire is used as a study design to investigate the teachers’ attitudes. 15 teachers have responded to the questionnaire, namely 8 inclusive education teachers, and 7 regular teachers. These samples are taken by using systematic random sampling to give a fair and equal chance of selection for both types of teachers. The findings indicate that even though some opportunities support inclusive education, regular teachers do not support the idea of having students with disabilities in their classes. The regular teachers do not feel comfortable having students with disabilities in their classes. Consequently, there is a challenge to impede the implementation of inclusive education. Overall, it can be concluded that the teachers lack the awareness, knowledge, and adequate training to be supportive of inclusive education.
انتقال الدلالة من الحسّي إلى المجرّد في كتاب المفردات في غريب القرآن للراغِب الأصفهاني(ت502هـ)
Authors: رشيد سعد علي 
Published: June 2024

يعالج بحثنا هذا موضوع (انتقال الدلالة من الحسيّ إلى المجرّد) موزعًا على مباحث علم الدلالة في كتاب المفردات في غريب القرآن للراغب الأصفهانيّ(ت502هـ)، الذي هو من أبرز المُصنَّفات اللغوية التي تعنى بأصول الألفاظ ، لاسيما القرآنية منها.
وقد أوضح البحث أنّ الراغِب كان يقف كثيرًا على دلالة الألفاظ ويتتبع ما حدث فيها من تطوّر مع الإشارة إلى مظاهره، من ذلك أنه أرجع الكثير من المعاني الذهنية المجرّدة إلى أصول حسيّة، وذلك أثناء كشفه عن أصول الألفاظ القرآنية.
وهذا يدلّ على أنَّ علماء اللغة القدماء قد أسهموا وأسسوا لأبحاث علم الدلالة الحديث، وأنهم واعون لما قرره علم اللغة الحديث من أنّ الحسيّ أسبق في الوجود من الذهني المجرّد، وأنّ الحسيَّ أصل له، وهذا ما حاولنا الوقوف عليه وتأكيده في هذه الدراسة من خلال رصد أمثلته في كتاب لغوي قديم.
The multimodality of Chinese folklore images
Authors: Nemkina Nikol Igorevna 
Published: June 2024

This scientific article examines the phenomenon of multimodality based on the material of Chinese folklore images. The object of the research is the images of fictional characters of Chinese folklore works, and the subject is the analysis of images of Chinese folklore works in their multimodal expression in modern adaptations. The purpose of the study is to show how modern discursive practices, characterized by a high degree of multimodality, affect the development of the concept of the image of a folklore work in the recipient's mind. The tasks that were solved within the framework of this study: 1) description of the phenomenon of multimodality in the context of modern multimedia technologies; 2) analysis of image concepts in mobile game, cartoons and TV show; 3) assessment of the influence of multimodality on the peculiarities of the development of image concepts and their perception in the recipient's mind. The methods used are the continuous sampling method for collecting the analyzed material, as well as methods of semantic, contextual and conceptual analysis. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that for the first time are studied the various images of Chinese folklore works in their modern interpretation. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: multimodality affects the degree of perception of an image in the recipient's mind in different ways, on the one hand, it leads to a simplification of the understanding of meanings, on the other hand, to a complication of systems for creating these meanings. One of the manifestations of this complication is the existence of a high degree of intertextuality, which can undermine perception of fictional characters, lead to the false assumption of some characters for others. The desire to get closer to the preferences of the modern viewer leads both to a slight difference in the basic features of the concepts, and to their complete opposite, which also affects the process of perception of the image. Nevertheless, despite the significant degree of adaptation of images that cause different user assessments, the social and cultural-historical processes of a dynamically changing world require compliance with the conditions of functioning of modern discursive practices.
The Efficacy of Exercise Therapy for Rotator Cuff–Related Shoulder Pain According to the FITT Principle: A Systematic Review With Meta-analyses
Authors: Lafrance Simon , Charron Maxime , Dubé Marc-Olivier , Desmeules François , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Juul-Kristensen Birgit , Kennedy Leonora , McCreesh Karen 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of exercise interventions with differing frequency, intensity, type, and time (FITT) on shoulder pain and disability in people with rotator cuff–related shoulder pain (RCRSP). DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analyses. LITERATURE SEARCH: Electronic searches were conducted up to May 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of exercise interventions differing in prescription according to the FITT principle, in people with RCRSP. DATA SYNTHESIS: Separate meta-analyses comparing exercise type (specific versus nonspecific exercise) and intensity (high versus low) were conducted. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. RESULTS: Twenty-two RCTs (n = 1281) were included. There was moderate-certainty evidence that motor control exercise programs, when compared to nonspecific exercise programs, significantly reduced disability in the short (SMD: −0.29; 95% CI: −0.51, −0.07; n = 323; 7 RCTs) and medium terms (SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.57, −0.09; n = 286; 5 RCTs), but not pain in the short term (SMD: −0.19; 95% CI: −0.41, 0.03; n = 323; 7 RCTs). Uncertainties remained regarding other exercise types (eccentric and scapula-focused exercise programs) versus nonspecific exercise programs, and exercise intensity due to low- to very low–certainty evidence. No trials were identified that compared different frequencies or times. CONCLUSION: For adults with RCRSP, motor control exercise programs were probably slightly superior to nonspecific exercise programs. However, it is unclear if the effects were due to motor control exercise or to other program characteristics such as progression and tailoring. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(8):499-512. Epub 7 June 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12453
Clinical Pearls on How Practitioners Can Best Support Elite Soccer Players to Return to Peak Performance After Injury
Authors: Taberner Matt , Distin Sylvain , Chance Olivia , Cohen Daniel D. , Ardern Clare L. 
Published: June 2024

Shared decision making for return to sport (RTS) is complex and typically influenced by advice from different stakeholders in the coaching, medical, and performance teams. Involving the player by listening to their needs is critical to RTS decision making, yet player narratives are rarely part of published research. In this editorial, we highlight the voices of 1 former elite male player and 1 current elite female player who worked with a practitioner to (1) summarize key themes through an iterative process of writing and reflecting, and (2) derive 6 key messages that the players wanted to share with sports medicine and rehabilitation practitioners to enhance successful RTS. JOSPT Cases 2021;1(3):126–128. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.0103
Encephalic Symptoms Leading to Diagnosis of Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Bengtsson Alex , Mabry Lance M. 
Published: June 2024

Background Dizziness is a common symptom with a plethora of etiologies. Diplopia can implicate severe neurologic disease, including cerebral lesions. When patients are referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of dizziness, thorough clinical reasoning and medical screening are of utmost importance. Case Presentation A 55-year-old woman presented to a physical therapy clinic with primary symptoms of dizziness and diplopia that were reproduced with active and sustained cervical rotation. Additional history included dysarthria and dysphasia. Sensation and upper and lower motor neuron tests were unremarkable. Horizontal and vertical corrective saccades were observed. Suspicion of cervical arterial dysfunction was cleared by her neurologist. Primary symptoms were reproduced with neurodynamic testing, prompting concern for central pathology and referral back to the neurologist. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cervical cord compression, subsequently treated with cervical fusion. Postoperative physical therapy included neurodynamic techniques. Outcome and Follow-Up Primary symptoms resolved without recurrence over 12 months, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores improved significantly. Discussion Cervical myelopathy can severely impact function and quality of life. Differential diagnosis, screening, appropriate referral, and communication with other providers are among physical therapists' primary responsibilities and integral contributions to the interprofessional care team. JOSPT Cases 2021;1(2):87–91. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.10048
Patellar Clunk Syndrome—A Complication After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Rademacher Maria J. , Dunleavy Kim 
Published: June 2024

Background Patellar clunk syndrome (PCS) is a rare complication post total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with minimal information available on its physical therapy management. This case report describes the presentation and management of this infrequent diagnosis. Case Presentation A 68-year-old woman reported symptoms 6 months post TKA that included patellar “popping” and was diagnosed with PCS. This case report presents the interventions and outcomes during the second course of physical therapy. Outcome and Follow-Up Self-reported outcome measures included the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), 11-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR). Scores for the LEFS decreased, TSK-11 scores increased, and no significant changes occurred with the KOOS-JR. Discussion Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of this complication. Patient expectations and desire for immediate relief of symptoms may impact the patient's prognosis. There is a need to determine whether early management of impairments impacts outcomes. JOSPT Cases 2021;1(2):80–84. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.10068
Lower-Limb Pain Differentiation by a Physical Therapist in an Amateur Cyclist: A Case Report
Authors: Brindisino Fabrizio , Signorelli Marisa , Rizzo Salvatore , Heick John Duane , Maselli Filippo 
Published: June 2024

Background Cycling is one of the most popular sports worldwide, and cycling-related injuries often involve overuse of the musculoskeletal system. However, cyclists who have been referred to a physical therapist may also present with nonmusculoskeletal conditions. Case Presentation A 57-year-old recreational amateur cyclist presented with a 2-month history of thigh and leg pain. At the clinical examination, a positive pedal plantar flexion test, a reduced 6-minute walk test, and a reduced ankle brachial index confirmed a vascular impairment. Therefore, the patient was referred to a vascular surgeon, and his symptoms were resolved with angioplasty. Outcome and Follow-Up After 3 months of physical therapy treatment, all screening tests showed normal values. The ankle brachial index value for the left lower extremity was normal. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey and the Vascular Quality of Life questionnaire showed large improvements in all domains. Discussion Clinicians should consider vascular conditions, even in endurance sports, to differentiate between musculoskeletal and nonmusculoskeletal conditions and refer patients to the appropriate health care professional. JOSPT Cases 2021;1(2):114–123. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.10089
Indirect Treatment of Coccygodynia With Low Thoracic Spine and Costotransverse Joint Mobilizations: A Case Report
Authors: Jan Sara , Fecteau Luc 
Published: June 2024

Background Coccygodynia is an uncommon disorder characterized by localized pain in the coccyx. Coccygodynia treatments include local remedies; however, there is a gap in the literature regarding the effects of indirect manual treatments to relieve persistent coccygodynia. Case Presentation A 29-year-old man presented with a diagnosis of coccygodynia that had not resolved with pelvic physical therapy. The patient reported persistent pain in the coccygeal region and reproduction of symptoms with cervical and thoracic flexion. Manual joint mobilizations to the thoracic spinal segments and the costotransverse joints were performed with the patient in unloaded (supine) and loaded (sitting) positions, and while in neural tension. Outcome and Follow-Up The patient had complete resolution of coccyx pain, with continued relief 3 months later. Discussion This case demonstrates the use of manual therapy to the thoracic spine to relieve coccygodynia. These findings led us to think more globally about potential contributing factors to symptoms of coccygodynia. JOSPT Cases 2021;1(2):94–98. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.10166
Unrecognized Posterior Shoulder Dislocation in a Recreational Cyclist: A Case Report
Authors: Salomon Mattia , Cammareri Jessica , Filipponi Marco , Maselli Filippo , Brindisino Fabrizio 
Published: June 2024

Background Posterior shoulder dislocation (PSD) is commonly associated with a history of strong excessive muscle contraction (generalized seizures, electric shock) and may result from high-energy injuries such as a motor vehicle accident. Case Presentation A 58-year-old recreational cyclist reported night pain and functional limitations in his left shoulder, due to a trauma occurring 7 months earlier. The patient’s history and clinical examination led the physical therapist to suspect PSD. Therefore, the patient was referred to a surgeon for advanced imaging, which confirmed PSD as well as an associated McLaughlin lesion and rotator cuff tear. Outcome and Follow-Up Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty was performed, followed by a 12-week rehabilitation program. Muscle strength assessment, the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey were used to assess outcomes. Discussion The diagnosis of PSD with an associated McLaughlin lesion is often delayed. This case report highlights the importance of a thorough clinical assessment, which is mandatory to identify pathologies requiring multidisciplinary management. JOSPT Cases 2021;1(3):150–158. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.10388
Quadriceps Isometric Strength at 90° and 60° of Knee Flexion Following a Medial Meniscus Root Tear: A Case Report
Authors: Schoenecker Jon 
Published: June 2024

Background Meniscus injury can significantly impair an individual's quality of life. Meniscus root disruption can more quickly lead to joint degradation than other types of meniscus injuries can. Existing clinical diagnostic testing specific to a meniscus root tear is insufficient. Case Presentation A 51-year-old man unknowingly tore a meniscus root repair, had negative diagnostic testing performed by his primary physical therapist, and subsequently underwent isometric quadriceps and functional testing 2 weeks after his reinjury. Differential diagnosis included bone, muscle, ligament, and general joint irritation from the injury. Outcome and Follow-Up Isometric quadriceps strength (measured as torque production) at 90° was significantly lower (8 times) than at 60° of knee flexion in the presence of a meniscus root tear. Discussion Diagnostic tests for the meniscus may not always be reliable when it comes to diagnosing a root tear. Strength testing at specific angles of knee flexion may be used as a potential clinical indicator that a root tear is present. JOSPT Cases 2021;1(4):268–272. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.10493
The Use of Corticosteroid/Anesthetic Injections in Conjunction With Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Idiopathic Frozen Shoulder: A Case Series
Authors: Venturin Davide , Brindisino Fabrizio , Ristori Diego , Rossi Alex , Vascellari Alberto , Poser Antonio 
Published: June 2024

Background Fifty percent of people diagnosed with frozen shoulder (FS) experience pain and/or stiffness for years after onset, and the best conservative treatment for this condition remains uncertain. This case series evaluated the clinical results of intra-articular corticosteroid and anesthetic injections, combined with a specific physical therapy program, in the treatment of FS. Case Presentation The research is based on 26 patients with idiopathic FS. The patients were treated with unguided intra-articular corticosteroid and anesthetic injections, painful/end-range mobilization techniques, and painful/end-range home stretching exercises. Range of motion was measured and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH), and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short- Form Health Survey (SF-36) were administered at 5 follow-up sessions over 3 months. Outcome and Follow-Up The 90% confidence intervals of the mean range-of-motion scores for flexion, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation at 90° and at 0° of abduction did not show significant differences at 3-month follow-up between the affected shoulder and the healthy one. Between baseline and 3-month follow-up, the average DASH difference was 37%, and all scores exceeded the minimal clinically important difference of the DASH. The score on the bodily pain subscale of the SF-36 improved by 43% from baseline to 3-month follow-up. Discussion From our clinical experience and the analyzed data, intra-articular corticosteroid and anesthetic injections, combined with the above-mentioned mobilizations and a simple home exercise program, are effective at improving shoulder pain, range of motion, and disability in the short term. JOSPT Cases 2021;1(4):248–265. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.9960
New Onset of Low Back Pain Masking Pneumonia in a Recreational Rugby Athlete: A Case Report
Authors: Maselli Filippo , Rossettini Giacomo , Mourad Firas , Turolla Andrea , Heick John D. , Testa Marco , Goodman Catherine C. 
Published: June 2024

Background Mechanical low back pain is commonly treated by a physical therapist and involves the assessment of red flags that may warrant referral. Case Presentation A 42-year-old man presented with acute low back pain that started after strenuous rugby practice. Outcome and Follow-Up Examination revealed restricted active range of motion in right sidebending and rotation, and a negative neurological examination for motor weakness, altered reflexes, or sensory impairment. Upon initial evaluation, the patient did not present with abnormal vital signs or respiratory signs or symptoms, so this system was not assessed. Two days after the evaluation, the patient developed malaise, fever, and cough with bloody sputum. Discussion This presentation alarmed the physical therapist, and the patient was referred to the emergency department. A computed tomography scan revealed moderate pneumonia in the lower right pulmonary lobe. Recognition of red flags is imperative in a direct-access setting, as it improves clinical efficiency and directs appropriate intervention. JOSPT Cases 2021;1(2):73–77. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.9972