bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward early warning against Internet worms based on critical‐sized networks
Authors: Magkos Emmanouil , Avlonitis Markos , Kotzanikolaou Panayiotis , Stefanidakis Michalis 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we build on a recent worm propagation stochastic model, in which random effects during worm spreading were modeled by means of a stochastic differential equation. On the basis of this model, we introduce the notion of the critical size of a network, which is the least size of a network that needs to be monitored, in order to correctly project the behavior of a worm in substantially larger networks. We provide a method for the theoretical estimation of the critical size of a network in respect to a worm with specific characteristics. Our motivation is the requirement in real systems to balance the needs for accuracy (i.e., monitoring a network of a sufficient size in order to reduce false alarms) and performance (i.e., monitoring a small‐scale network to reduce complexity). In addition, we run simulation experiments in order to experimentally validate our arguments. Finally, based on notion of critical‐sized networks, we propose a logical framework for a distributed early warning system against unknown and fast‐spreading worms. In the proposed framework, propagation parameters of an early detected worm are estimated in real time by studying a critical‐sized network. In this way, security is enhanced as estimations generated by a critical‐sized network may help large‐scale networks to respond faster to new worm threats. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of dynamic stability of simply supported beams on Pasternak foundation considering the effect of first transition foundation parameter
Authors: Ratnam B.S. , Rao G.V. , Janardhana G.R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe dynamic stability behavior of simply supported beams on the Pasternak foundation, with emphasis on the effect of the transition foundation parameter, subjected to a concentrated end axial periodic load, is presented in this paper. The energy method, using a single term exact trigonometric admissible function to represent the lateral deflection, is employed to obtain the dynamic instability regions. These regions are presented in the graphical form, for the first and second foundation parameters of the Pasternak foundation. The effect of the transition foundation parameter, which can be exactly evaluated for the simply supported beams on the Pasternak foundation, on the dynamic instability behavior of the simply supported beams, is investigated. The existence of the master dynamic instability curves is established in the present study by using the specific non‐dimensional parameters for the applied periodic load and its radian frequency.
Analytical solution of torsion vibration of a finite cylindrical cavity in a transversely isotropic half‐space
Authors: Eskandari‐Ghadi M. , Mahmoodian M. , Pak R.Y.S. , Ardeshir‐Behrestaghi A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA transversely isotropic linear elastic half‐space with depth wise axis of material symmetry containing a cylindrical cavity of finite length is considered to be under the effect of a time‐harmonic torsion force applied on a ring at an arbitrary depth on the surface of the cylindrical cavity. With the aid of cosine transforms, the boundary value problem for the fundamental solution is reduced to a generalized Cauchy singular integral equation. The Cauchy integral equation involved in this paper is analytically investigated and the final equation is numerically solved with an in‐depth attention. Integral representation of the stress and displacement are obtained, and is shown that their degenerated form to the static problem of isotropic material is coincide with existing solutions in the literature. To investigate the effect of material anisotropy, the results are numerically evaluated and illustrated.
Metabolic flexibility of d-ribose producer strain of Bacillus pumilus under environmental perturbations
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh K , Maiti Soumen K , Das Debasish , Bapat Prashant M , Batta Kritika , Bhushan Mani , Wangikar Pramod P 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The metabolic reaction rate vector is a bridge that links gene and protein expression alterations to the phenotypic endpoint. We present a simple approach for the estimation of flux distribution at key branch points in the metabolic network by using substrate uptake, metabolite secretion rate, and biomass growth rate for transketolase (tkt) deficient Bacillus pumilus ATCC 21951. We find that the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and pseudo catabolic/anabolic branch points are flexible in the d-ribose-producing tkt deficient strain of B. pumilus. The normalized flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) varied from 1.5 to 86 % under different growth conditions, thereby enabling substantial extracellular accumulation of d-ribose under certain conditions. Interestingly, the flux through PPP was affected by the extracellular phosphate concentration and dissolved oxygen concentration. This metabolic flexibility may have been the underlying reason for this strain being selected from thousands of others in a screening for d-ribose producers conducted in the 1970s.
Methods for analysis of the cancer microenvironment and their potential for disease prediction, monitoring and personalized treatments
Authors: Clausson Carl-Magnus , Grundberg Ida , Weibrecht Irene , Nilsson Mats , Söderberg Ola 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A tumor does not consist of a homogenous population of cancer cells. Therefore, to understand cancer, the tumor microenvironment and the interplay between the different cell types present in the tumor has to be taken into account, and how this regulates the growth and survival of the cancer cells. To achieve a full picture of this complex interplay, analysis of tumor tissue should ideally be performed with cellular resolution, providing activity status of individual cells in this heterogeneous population of different cell-types. In addition, in situ analysis provides information on the architecture of the tissue wherein the cancer cells thrive, providing information of the identity of neighboring cells that can be used to understand cell-cell communication. Herein we describe how padlock probes and in situ PLA can be used for visualization of nucleic acids and protein activity, respectively, directly in tissue sections, and their potential future role in personalized medicine.
Parental psychological control and dysfunctional separation–individuation: A tale of two different dynamics
Authors: Kins Evie , Soenens Bart , Beyers Wim 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examined associations between psychologically controlling parenting and two possible manifestations of problematic separation–individuation (i.e., dysfunctional dependence and dysfunctional independence). To explain these associations, it has been argued that psychological control is an inherently independence‐stifling parenting dimension that gives rise to a dysfunctional dependent orientation. In this study, it was argued that psychological control may relate to dysfunctional dependence and dysfunctional independence, depending on whether parents’ use of psychological control is driven by issues of interpersonal closeness (i.e., dependency‐oriented psychological control) or by issues of achievement (i.e., achievement‐oriented psychological control). A Belgian sample of 232 emerging adults, involved in the process of home leaving, and their parents completed self‐report questionnaires. Regression analyses indicated that domain‐specific expressions of psychological control were related differentially to dysfunctional dependent and dysfunctional independent manifestations of problematic separation–individuation. Emerging adults’ residential status did not moderate these associations. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Transient severe aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction due to a stuck leaflet in a patient undergoing percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Hamid Tahir , Hasan Ragheb , Mahadevan Vaikom S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report the case of a 78-year-old patient who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation. During the deployment, the leaflets of the implanted valve appeared to be stuck in calcium protruding from the native aortic leaflets, resulting in transient severe aortic regurgitation leading to cardiac arrest with successful cardiac resuscitation. Transient severe aortic regurgitation secondary to the mechanical failure of the deployed valve can lead to serious clinical consequences.
Calibration of Piezoelectric Positioning Actuators Using a Reference Voltage-to-Displacement Transducer Based on Quartz Tuning Forks
Authors: Castellanos-Gomez Andres , Arroyo Carlos R. , Agraït Nicolás , Rubio-Bollinger Gabino 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe use a piezoelectric quartz tuning fork to calibrate the displacement of ceramic piezoelectric scanners that are widely employed in scanning probe microscopy. We measure the static piezoelectric response of a quartz tuning fork and find it to be highly linear, nonhysteretic and with negligible creep. These performance characteristics, close to those of an ideal transducer, make quartz transducers superior to ceramic piezoelectric actuators. Furthermore, quartz actuators in the form of a tuning fork have the advantage of yielding static displacements comparable to those of local probe microscope scanners. We use the static displacement of a quartz tuning fork as a reference to calibrate the three axis displacement of a ceramic piezoelectric scanner. Although this calibration technique is a nontraceable method, it can be more versatile than using calibration grids because it enables characterization of the linear and nonlinear response of a piezoelectric scanner in a broad range of displacements, spanning from a fraction of a nanometer to hundreds of nanometers. In addition, the creep and the speed dependent piezoelectric response of ceramic scanners can be studied in detail.
Alphavirus replicon vaccines
Authors: Vander Veen Ryan L. , Harris D. L. Hank , Kamrud Kurt I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe alphavirus replicon technology has been utilized for many years to develop vaccines for both veterinary and human applications. Many developments have been made to the replicon platform recently, resulting in improved safety and efficacy of replicon particle (RP) vaccines. This review provides a broad overview of the replicon technology and safety features of the system and discusses the current literature on RP and replicon-based vaccines.
Wind‐induced reorganization of the Bering shelf circulation
Authors: Danielson S. , Hedstrom K. , Aagaard K. , Weingartner T. , Curchitser E. 
Published: March 2012

We present a simple framework for considering the variability of the eastern Bering Sea shelf circulation as a response to changes in wind direction. Both observations and numerical integrations show that much of the shelf flow reverses between northwesterly and southeasterly winds. While southeasterly winds are less frequent, they are associated with large on‐shelf transport across most of the shelfbreak, and in October–April they are also accompanied by a reversal of the normally eastward flow near Cape Navarin. In contrast, northwesterly winds promote off‐shelf transport across most of the shelfbreak, along with increased eastward transport near Cape Navarin. The westward‐intensified flow in the Gulf of Anadyr adjusts to changes both in the flux across the long (∼1000 km) shelfbreak and in the Bering Strait throughflow. These results also hold under the more stratified summer conditions (May–September), but weaker summer winds drive smaller flows across the shelf break, and the majority of the on‐shelf transport is directly into the Gulf of Anadyr.
Evaluating the impact of buffers to account for scientific uncertainty when setting TACs: application to red king crab in Bristol Bay, Alaska
Authors: Punt André E. , Siddeek M. S. M. , Garber-Yonts Brian , Dalton Michael , Rugolo Louis , Stram Diana , Turnock Benjamin J. , Zheng Jie 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Punt, A. E., Siddeek, M. S. M., Garber-Yonts, B., Dalton, M., Rugolo, L., Stram, D., Turnock, B. J., and Zheng, J. 2012. Evaluating the impact of buffers to account for scientific uncertainty when setting TACs: application to red king crab in Bristol Bay, Alaska. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 624–634. Increasingly, scientific uncertainty is being accounted for in fisheries management by implementing an uncertainty buffer, i.e. a difference between the limit catch level given perfect information and the set catch. An approach based on simulation is outlined, which can be used to evaluate the impact of different buffers on short- and long-term catches, discounted revenue, the probability of overfishing (i.e. the catch exceeding the true, but unknown, limit catch), and the stock becoming overfished (i.e. for crab, mature male biomass, MMB, dropping below one-half of the MMB corresponding to maximum sustainable yield). This approach can be applied when only a fraction of the uncertainty related to estimating the limit catch level is quantified through stock assessments. The approach is applied for illustrative purposes to the fishery for red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, in Bristol Bay, AK.
μ-Opioid Receptor Gene A118G Polymorphism Predicts Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Bortsov Andrey V. , Millikan Robert C. , Belfer Inna , Boortz-Marx Richard L. , Arora Harendra , McLean Samuel A. 
Published: March 2012

Background
Preclinical studies suggest that opioids may promote tumor growth. Genetic polymorphisms have been shown to affect opioid receptor function and to modify the clinical effects of morphine. In this study we assessed the association between six common polymorphisms in the μ-opioid receptor gene, including the well known A118G polymorphism, and breast cancer survival.

Methods
A total of 2,039 women ages 23-74 yr (38% African-American, 62% European-American, 55% postmenopausal) diagnosed with breast cancer between 1993-2001 were followed through 2006. Genotyping was performed using the TaqMan platform (Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA). Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between each genotype and survival.

Results
After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, patient genotype at A118G was associated with breast cancer-specific mortality at 10 yr. Women with one or more copies of the G allele had decreased breast cancer-specific mortality (P < 0.001). This association was limited to invasive cases only; effect size appeared to increase with clinical stage. Cox regression model adjusted for age and ethnicity also showed decreased mortality in A/G and G/G genotypes compared with A/A genotype (hazard ratio = 0.57 [0.38, 0.85] and 0.32 [0.22, 0.49], respectively; P = 0.006).

Conclusions
These results suggest that opioid pathways may be involved in tumor growth. Further studies examining the association between genetic variants influencing opioid system function and cancer survival are warranted.
Impaired Gastric Emptying and Small Bowel Transit in Children With Mitochondrial Disorders
Authors: Bhardwaj Jatinder , Wan David Q. , Koenig Mary Kay , Liu Yuying , Hashmi Syed Shahrukh , Rhoads Jon Marc 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:The primary aim of our study was to evaluate gastric emptying (GE) and intestinal transit time (ITT) in children with mitochondrial disorders (MD), and secondarily to evaluate the effect of prokinetics in those with prolonged GE.Methods:We enrolled subjects 3 to 18 years with MD and having any of the following gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms: abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, or gastroesophageal reflux. Abdominal pain was scored by visual analog pain scale (1–10). Age‐appropriate diet was labeled with radioactive technetium‐99 sulfur colloid and its movement tracked along the GI tract. Delayed GE based on our institutional standards was defined as half emptying time >90 minutes for a solid and >60 minutes for a semisolid meal. Prolonged ITT was defined as >4 hours for the tracer to pass from mouth to cecum. A prokinetic was instituted to those with delayed GE, and the study was repeated if possible in 4 to 8 weeks.Results:Of the 26 subjects, 18 (69%) had delayed GE (median GE 99 minutes) and 12 (46%) had prolonged ITT. The study was repeated in 9 subjects after administering a prokinetic for >1 month. GE normalized in only 3 subjects (median GE on treatment 128 minutes). Mean abdominal pain score, which was 4.8 (max 10) in the 9 subjects, did not improve (5.6 after prokinetic therapy).Conclusions:A high prevalence of delayed GE and prolonged ITT was seen in children with MD having GI symptoms, and these abnormalities were poorly responsive to prokinetic therapy.
Microencapsulation of small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm cells for tumor model studies
Authors: Rokstad Anne M. , Gustafsson Björn I. , Espevik Terje , Bakke Ingunn , Pfragner Roswitha , Svejda Bernhard , Modlin Irvin M. , Kidd Mark 
Published: March 2012

Basic cancer research is dependent on reliable in vitro and in vivo tumor models. The serotonin (5‐HT) producing small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor cell line KRJ‐1 has been used in in vitro proliferation and secretion studies, but its use in in vivo models has been hampered by problems related to the xeno‐barrier and tumor formation. This may be overcome by the encapsulation of tumor cells into alginate microspheres, which can function as bioreactors and protect against the host immune system. We used alginate encapsulation of KRJ‐1 cells to achieve long‐term functionality, growth and survival. Different conditions, including capsule size, variations in M/G content, gelling ions (Ca2+/Ba2+) and microcapsule core properties, and variations in KRJ‐1 cell condition (single cells/spheroids) were tested. Viability and cell growth was evaluated with MTT, and confocal laser scanner microscopy combined with LIVE/DEAD viability stains. 5‐HT secretion was measured to determine functionality. Under all conditions, single cell encapsulation proved unfavorable due to gradual cell death, while encapsulation of aggregates/spheroids resulted in surviving, functional bioreactors. The most ideal spheroids for encapsulation were 200–350 μm. Long‐term survival (>30 days) was seen with solid Ca2+/Ba2+ microbeads and hollow microcapsules. Basal 5‐HT secretion was increased (sixfold) after hollow microcapsule encapsulation, while Ca2+/Ba2+ microbeads was associated with normal basal secretion and responsiveness to cAMP/PKA activation. In conclusion, encapsulation of KRJ‐1 cells into hollow microcapsules produces a bioreactor with a high constitutively activate basal 5‐HT secretion, while Ca2+/Ba2+ microbeads provide a more stable bioreactor similar to non‐encapsulated cells. Alginate microspheres technology can thus be used to tailor different functional bioreactors for both in vitro and in vivo studies. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1230–1237)
Systematic review: the role of liver transplantation in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Maggs J. R. L. , Suddle A. R. , Aluvihare V. , Heneghan M. A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Liver transplantation offers a potential cure for this otherwise devastating disease. The selection of the most appropriate candidates is paramount in an era of graft shortage.AimTo review systematically the role of liver transplantation in the management of HCC in current clinical practice.MethodsAn electronic literature search using PUBMED (1980–2010) was performed. Search terms included HCC, hepatoma, liver cancer, and liver transplantation.ResultsLiver transplantation is a highly successful treatment for HCC, in patients within Milan criteria (MC), defined as a solitary tumour ≤50 mm in diameter or ≤3 tumours ≤30 mm in diameter in the absence of extra‐hepatic or vascular spread. Other eligibility criteria for liver transplantation are also used in clinical practice, such as the University of California, San Francisco criteria, with outcomes comparable to MC. Loco‐regional therapies have a role in the bridging treatment of HCC by minimising wait‐list drop‐out secondary to tumour progression. Beyond MC, encouraging results have been demonstrated for patients with down‐staged tumours. Post‐liver transplantation, there is no evidence to support a specific immunosuppressive regimen. In the context of an insufficient cadaveric donor pool to meet demand, the role of adult living donation may be increasingly important.ConclusionsLiver transplantation offers a curative therapy for selected patients with HCC. The optimisation of eligibility criteria is paramount to ensure that maximum benefit is accrued. Although wait‐list therapies have been incorporated into clinical practice, additional high quality data are required to support this strategy.
Amino‐terminal propeptide of C‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproCNP) predicts height velocity in healthy children
Authors: Olney Robert C. , Permuy Joseph W. , Prickett Timothy C. R. , Han Joan C. , Espiner Eric A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryObjectiveC‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a paracrine regulatory factor of the growth plate and plays a key role in endochondral growth. Its amino‐terminal propeptide (NTproCNP) is an equimolar product of CNP biosynthesis and is easily measured in plasma. Preliminary studies suggest that NTproCNP levels correlate with height velocity in sheep and children. The objectives of the study were to correlate NTproCNP levels with height velocity and to define the reference range for plasma CNP and NTproCNP across childhood.DesignThis was a prospective, cross‐sectional, observational study of healthy children.PatientsParticipants were 258 healthy children between 2 months and 20 years of age.MeasurementsAnthropometrics were obtained and CNP and NTproCNP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.ResultsFor both sexes, CNP and NTproCNP levels were high in infancy, lower in early childhood, rising during puberty, then falling to low adult levels. Levels of NTproCNP peaked at 14·1 years in boys and 11·9 years in girls, coincident with the age of peak height velocity. Levels of NTproCNP varied with pubertal status, peaking at genital Tanner stage IV in boys and III in girls. There was a highly significant correlation between NTproCNP and height velocity.ConclusionsC‐type natriuretic peptide plays an integral role in endochondral growth. We show here that CNP synthesis (as measured by NTproCNP levels in plasma) is closely related to linear growth in healthy children at all ages. We propose NTproCNP as a biomarker of linear growth.