bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pathoplasticity of dysphoric episodes: differential impact of stressful life events on the pattern of depressive symptom inter-correlations
Authors: Cramer A. O. J. , Borsboom D. , Aggen S. H. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that stressful life events (SLEs) influence the pattern of individual depressive symptoms. However, we do not know how these differences arise. Two theories about the nature of psychiatric disorders have different predictions about the source of these differences: (1) SLEs influence depressive symptoms and correlations between them indirectly, via an underlying acute liability to develop a dysphoric episode (DE; common cause hypothesis); and (2) SLEs influence depressive symptoms and correlations between them directly (network hypothesis). The present study investigates the predictions of these two theories.MethodWe divided a population-based sample of 2096 Caucasian twins (49.9% female) who reported at least two aggregated depressive symptoms in the last year into four groups, based on the SLE they reported causing their symptoms. For these groups, we calculated tetrachoric correlations between the 14 disaggregated depressive symptoms and, subsequently, tested whether the resulting correlation patterns were significantly different and if those differences could be explained by underlying differences in a single acute liability to develop a DE.ResultsThe four SLE groups had markedly different correlation patterns between the depressive symptoms. These differences were significant and could not be explained by underlying differences in the acute liability to develop a DE.ConclusionsOur results are not compatible with the common cause perspective but are consistent with the predictions of the network hypothesis. We elaborate on the implications of a conceptual shift to the network perspective for our diagnostic and philosophical approach to the concept of what constitutes a psychiatric disorder.
The Red-Haired Barbarian from Leiden. An Interview with Leonard Blussé
Authors: Stolte Carolien , Schrikker Alicia , van der Putten Frans-Paul 
Published: November 2011

You have reached the mandatory retirement age of 65 and gave your farewell lecture on 6 June last. High time to have an interview with you! After Itinerario was founded by George Winius and you in 1976, you yourself did many of the interviews. Interviews were and still are rather uncommon in scholarly journals. Why did you start them?It was a mixture of egoism and curiosity. We meant the journal to be a research journal, so apart from publishing articles we had two things in mind: to speak with prominent people active in the field and also to do special reports on archives and research institutions. George and I loved to ask colleagues about their backgrounds, their personal interests and their approaches to teaching and research. The interviews worked out well, but it turned out to be very difficult to find people who were willing to write about their experiences in foreign archives.
Large outbreak of verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 infection in visitors to a petting farm in South East England, 2009
Authors: IHEKWEAZU C. , CARROLL K. , ADAK B. , SMITH G. , PRITCHARD G. C. , GILLESPIE I. A. , VERLANDER N. Q. , HARVEY-VINCE L. , REACHER M. , EDEGHERE O. , SULTAN B. , COOPER R. , MORGAN G. , KINROSS P. T. N. , BOXALL N. S. , IVERSEN A. , BICKLER G. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn the summer of 2009, an outbreak of verocytotoxigenicEscherichia coliO157 (VTEC O157) was identified in visitors to a large petting farm in South East England. The peak attack rate was 6/1000 visitors, and highest in those aged <2 years (16/1000). We conducted a case-control study with associated microbiological investigations, on human, animal and environmental samples. We identified 93 cases; 65 primary, 13 secondary and 15 asymptomatic. Cases were more likely to have visited a specific barn, stayed for prolonged periods and be infrequent farm visitors. The causative organism was identified as VTEC O157 PT21/28 with the same VNTR profile as that isolated in faecal specimens from farm animals and the physical environment, mostly in the same barn. Contact with farm livestock, especially ruminants, should be urgently reviewed at the earliest suspicion of a farm-related VTEC O157 outbreak and appropriate risk management procedures implemented without delay.
Three-Dimensional Imaging of Sulfides in Silicate Rocks at Submicron Resolution with Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Bénard Antoine , Palle Sabine , Doucet Luc Serge , Ionov Dmitri A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report the first application of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to generate three-dimensional (3D) images of natural minerals (micron-sized sulfides) in thick (∼120 μm) rock sections. First, reflection mode (RM) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), combined with differential interference contrast (DIC), was tested on polished sections. Second, two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and second harmonic signal (SHG) images were generated using a femtosecond-laser on the same rock section without impregnation by a fluorescent dye. CSLM results show that the silicate matrix is revealed with DIC and RM, while sulfides can be imaged in 3D at low resolution by RM. Sulfides yield strong autofluorescence from 392 to 715 nm with TPF, while SHG is only produced by the embedding medium. Simultaneous recording of TPF and SHG images enables efficient discrimination between different components of silicate rocks. Image stacks obtained with MPM enable complete reconstruction of the 3D structure of a rock slice and of sulfide morphology at submicron resolution, which has not been previously reported for 3D imaging of minerals. Our work suggests that MPM is a highly efficient tool for 3D studies of microstructures and morphologies of minerals in silicate rocks, which may find other applications in geosciences.
Image Processing and Lattice Determination for Three-Dimensional Nanocrystals
Authors: Jiang Linhua , Georgieva Dilyana , Nederlof Igor , Liu Zunfeng , Abrahams Jan Pieter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThree-dimensional nanocrystals can be studied by electron diffraction using transmission cryo-electron microscopy. For molecular structure determination of proteins, such nanosized crystalline samples are out of reach for traditional single-crystal X-ray crystallography. For the study of materials that are not sensitive to the electron beam, software has been developed for determining the crystal lattice and orientation parameters. These methods require radiation-hard materials that survive careful orienting of the crystals and measuring diffraction of one and the same crystal from different, but known directions. However, as such methods can only deal with well-oriented crystalline samples, a problem exists for three-dimensional (3D) crystals of proteins and other radiation sensitive materials that do not survive careful rotational alignment in the electron microscope. Here, we discuss our newly released software AMP that can deal with nonoriented diffraction patterns, and we discuss the progress of our new preprocessing program that uses autocorrelation patterns of diffraction images for lattice determination and indexing of 3D nanocrystals.
Autism-like behaviours with transient histone hyperacetylation in mice treated prenatally with valproic acid
Authors: Kataoka Shunsuke , Takuma Kazuhiro , Hara Yuta , Maeda Yuko , Ago Yukio , Matsuda Toshio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMaternal use of valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy has been implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorders in children, and rodents prenatally exposed to VPA showed behavioural alterations similar to those observed in humans with autism. However, the exact mechanism for VPA-induced behavioural alterations is not known. To study this point, we examined the effects of prenatal exposure to VPA and valpromide, a VPA analog lacking histone deacetylase inhibition activity, on behaviours, cortical pathology and histone acetylation levels in mice. Mice exposed to VPA at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5), but not at E9 and E14.5, displayed social interaction deficits, anxiety-like behaviour and memory deficits at age 4–8 wk. In contrast to male mice, the social interaction deficits (a decrease in sniffing behaviour) were not observed in female mice at age 8 wk. The exposure to VPA at E12.5 decreased the number of Nissl-positive cells in the middle and lower layers of the prefrontal cortex and in the lower layers of the somatosensory cortex at age 8 wk. Furthermore, VPA exposure caused a transient increase in acetylated histone levels in the embryonic brain, followed by an increase in apoptotic cell death in the neocortex and a decrease in cell proliferation in the ganglionic eminence. In contrast, prenatal exposure to valpromide at E12.5 did not affect the behavioural, biochemical and histological parameters. Furthermore, these findings suggest that VPA-induced histone hyperacetylation plays a key role in cortical pathology and abnormal autism-like behaviours in mice.
Hudson River PCB clean‐up to begin
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Christie Whitman signed the Record of Decision on 1 February to clean up a stretch of the Hudson River that has been contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The decision calls for dredging 2 million cubic meters of PCB‐contaminated sediment from a 64‐kilometer stretch of the upper Hudson to remove about 68,000 kilograms of PCBs.The plan follows years of scientific study about whether the PCBs were safely encased in the sediment or posed a continuing hazard, and concern over whether the PCBs can be safely removed without stirring up a larger pollution problem along the river. The EPA found that PCBs in the sediment are not safely buried because erosion and river flows can redistribute river sediment. The agency also found that although PCBs break down naturally over time, this degradation does not render them harmless.
Asteroids in infrared
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

The first systematic infrared search for asteroids in the Solar System estimates that there are about twice as many objects than are indicated in two recent visiblelight surveys.Between 1.1 million and 1.9 million asteroids larger than 1 kilometer are in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, according to results from the Deep Asteroid Search conducted with the European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory The results were reported by Edward Tedesco and Francois‐Xavier Desert in the April 2002 issue of The Astronomical Journal.
Flooding could follow wildfires
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

Summertime wildfires that have already burned about 2.7 million hectares in the United States may cause a double‐whammy for property owners by greatly increasing the risk of flooding, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency or FEMA.FEMA director Joe Allbaugh said, “The loss of trees, ground cover, and other vegetation has greatly increased the possibility of flash floods and mudflows.” Allbaugh said that land scorched and barren from the loss of natural forest barriers can take decades to recover and result in erosion and devastating floods.
Collaboration to collect climate data
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

A new atmospheric radiation and cloud station, or ARCS, in Australia, could help to better understand climate change. The station was dedicated on 31 July.The station is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. The program, which is the agency's largest nd most comprehensive climate data collection project, includes stations in the north slope of Alaska and the southern Great Plains in the United States, and also in the tropical western Pacific. The new ARCS will gather standard types of weather data, and also measure solar and ground radiation, and cloud reflectivity.
Adding to a string of warm years
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

The year 2002 likely will rank as having the second‐warmest global surface temperature on record, scientists with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the British Meteorology Office's Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research noted on 17 December.Data collected from weather and climate stations, satellites, ships, buoys, and floats indicate that average global temperatures for 2002 likely will be about 12°C, slightly cooler than the record warm year of 1998, according to NOAA. The ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1987, the agency indicated.
Impact of tissue microstructure on a model of cardiac electromechanics based on MRI data
Authors: Carapella Valentina , Grau Vicente , Pathmanathan Pras , Burrage Kevin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCardiac motion is a vital process as it sustains the pumping of blood in the body. For this reason motion abnormalities are often associated with severe cardiac pathologies. Clinical imaging techniques, such as MRI, are powerful in assessing motion abnormalities but their connection with pathology often remains unknown.Computational models of cardiac motion, integrating imaging data, would thus be of great help in linking tissue structure (i.e. cells organisation into fibres and sheets) to motion abnormalities and to pathology. Current models, though, are not able yet to correctly predict realistic cardiac motion in the healthy or diseased heart.Our hypothesis is that a more realistic description of tissue structure within an electromechanical model of the heart, with structural information extracted from data rather than mathematically defined, and a more careful definition of tissue material properties, would better represent the high heterogeneity of cardiac tissue, thus improving the predictive power of the model.
EscI: a crucial component of the type III secretion system forms the inner rod structure in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Sal-Man Neta , Deng Wanyin , Finlay B. Brett 
Published: November 2011

The T3SS (type III secretion system) is a multi-protein complex that plays a central role in the virulence of many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. This apparatus spans both bacterial membranes and transports virulence factors from the bacterial cytoplasm into eukaryotic host cells. The T3SS exports substrates in a hierarchical and temporal manner. The first secreted substrates are the rod/needle proteins which are incorporated into the T3SS apparatus and are required for the secretion of later substrates, the translocators and effectors. In the present study, we provide evidence that rOrf8/EscI, a poorly characterized locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded protein, functions as the inner rod protein of the T3SS of EPEC (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli). We demonstrate that EscI is essential for type III secretion and is also secreted as an early substrate of the T3SS. We found that EscI interacts with EscU, the integral membrane protein that is linked to substrate specificity switching, implicating EscI in the substrate-switching event. Furthermore, we showed that EscI self-associates and interacts with the outer membrane secretin EscC, further supporting its function as an inner rod protein. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that EscI is the YscI/PrgJ/MxiI homologue in the T3SS of attaching and effacing pathogens.
Haemodynamic, endocrine and renal actions of adrenomedullin 5 in an ovine model of heart failure
Authors: Rademaker Miriam T. , Charles Christopher J. , Nicholls M. Gary , Richards A. Mark 
Published: November 2011

AM5 (adrenomedullin 5), a newly described member of the CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) family, is reported to play a role in normal cardiovascular physiology. The effects of AM5 in HF (heart failure), however, have not been investigated. In the present study, we intravenously infused two incremental doses of AM5 (10 and 100 ng/min per kg of body weight each for 90 min) into eight sheep with pacing-induced HF. Compared with time-matched vehicle control infusions, AM5 produced progressive and dose-dependent increases in left ventricular dP/dt(max) [LD (low dose), +56 mmHg/s and HD (high dose), +152 mmHg/s] and cardiac output (+0.83 l/min and +1.81 l/min), together with decrements in calculated total peripheral resistance (−9.4 mmHg/min per litre and −14.7 mmHg/min per litre), mean arterial pressure (−2.8 mmHg and −8.4 mmHg) and LAP (left atrial pressure; −2.6 mmHg and −5.6 mmHg) (all P&lt;0.001). HD AM5 significantly raised PRA (plasma renin activity) (3.5-fold increment, P&lt;0.001), whereas plasma aldosterone levels were unchanged over the intra-infusion period and actually fell in the post-infusion period (70% decrement, P&lt;0.01), resulting in a marked decrease in the aldosterone/PRA ratio (P&lt;0.01). Despite falls in LAP, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations were maintained relative to controls. AM5 infusion also induced significant increases in urine volume (HD 2-fold increment, P&lt;0.05) and urine sodium (2.7-fold increment, P&lt;0.01), potassium (1.7-fold increment, P&lt;0.05) and creatinine (1.4-fold increment, P&lt;0.05) excretion and creatinine clearance (60% increment, P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, AM5 has significant haemodynamic, endocrine and renal actions in experimental HF likely to be protective and compensatory in this setting. These results suggest that AM5 may have potential as a therapeutic agent in human HF.
Micro-pattern formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) layers by atmospheric-pressure plasmas and cell culture on the patterned ECMs
Authors: Ando Ayumi , Asano Toshifumi , Urisu Tsuneo , Hamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A new patterning technique for the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited on a Si substrate was developed with the use of a low-frequency atmospheric-pressure plasma and a metal stencil mask. The development of such a patterning technique for cell arrangement is a crucial step for the development of future cell chips. In this study, optimal process conditions for ECM patterning over the size of a typical single chip (about 1 cm2) were achieved and the obtained ECM patterns were directly observed by fluorescence labelling. It was also demonstrated that HEK293 cells (human embryo kidney cells) attach to and proliferate on the ECM layer patterned by this technique, arranging themselves on the Si substrate in the mask pattern.
Electrical and spectroscopic diagnostics of a single-stage plasma-catalysis system: effect of packing with TiO2
Authors: Tu Xin , Gallon Helen J , Whitehead J Christopher 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The influence of adding TiO2 on the electrical and spectroscopic characteristics of a N2 dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has been investigated in a single-stage plasma-catalysis system. The introduction of the catalyst into the electrode gap leads to a transition in the discharge behaviour. The presence of the TiO2 pellets in the discharge significantly increases the vibrational temperature of N2 in the DBD, which suggests that the interaction of plasma and catalyst has a strong effect on the electron energy distribution function in the discharge with an increase in electron density in the high-energy tail of the distribution function.
Spatial dynamics of helium metastables in sheath or bulk dominated rf micro-plasma jets
Authors: Niermann B , Hemke T , Babaeva N Y , Böke M , Kushner M J , Mussenbrock T , Winter J 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Space resolved concentrations of helium He

metastable atoms in an atmospheric pressure radio-frequency micro-plasma jet were measured using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The spatial profile of metastable atoms in the volume between the electrodes was deduced for various electrode gap distances. Density profiles reveal the sheath structure and reflect the plasma excitation distribution, as well as the dominance of the α-mode discharge. Gap width variations show the transition from a normal glow plasma to a pure sheath discharge. In order to analyse and verify the experimentally observed profiles of the metastable atoms, a two-dimensional simulation model was set up. Applying an appropriate He/N2/O2 chemistry model, the correlation between the metastable profiles and the underlying excitation mechanisms was obtained.
Animal Welfare Economics
Authors: Lusk Jayson L. , Norwood F. Bailey 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article highlights some key areas where economics can contribute to the current debate about animal welfare. Production economics reveals that producers will not maximize animal welfare, even if animal well‐being is highly correlated with output. Welfare economics raises thorny issues about the double‐counting of benefits when humans exhibit altruism towards animals, while public economics uncovers potential market failures and possible solutions. Consumer economics provides a means of determining human and animal benefits from animal well‐being policies in dollar terms. Overall, economists have much to contribute to the animal welfare debate and the well‐being of humans and animals could be improved with more economic analysis on the effects of private and government actions related to animal welfare.
Bone Health in Children With Celiac Disease Assessed By Dual X‐ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Margoni Daphne , Chouliaras Giorgos , Duscas Grigoris , Voskaki Irene , Voutsas Nikolaos , Papadopoulou Anna , Panayiotou Joanna , Roma Eleftheria 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:In the present study, we aimed to assess bone status and the effect of gluten‐free diet (GFD) in children with celiac disease (CD), and to evaluate the predictive value of standard serum biochemical indices in the diagnosis of bone mineral density (BMD) disturbances.Methods:Forty‐five children at the time of diagnosis of CD (group A, 77.8% girls) and 36 children receiving GFD for >2 years (group B, 75% girls) were included. Sixteen children in group A were reexamined 12 months after initiation of GFD. Serum measurements of biochemical bone health indices and BMD, assessed by dual x‐ray absorptiometry, were obtained.Results:Patients after 1 year of receiving GFD had higher BMD z scores compared with baseline (−1.45 ± 0.28 vs −0.61 ± 0.25, respectively, P = 0.004). BMD z scores were significantly lower than expected for the normal population, after 1 (P = 0.03) or at least 2 (P < 0.001) years of receiving GFD. In group B, BMD z score was positively correlated with 25‐hydroxy vitamin D levels (P = 0.009). In the repeated measurements group, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D differed between pre‐ and post‐GFD (P = 0.018). No biochemical index was capable of predicting an abnormal BMD z score (receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, all of the areas under the curve <0.66).Conclusions:GFD has a beneficial effect on bone health. Two years receiving diet do not ensure normalization. Biochemical markers are not indicative of BMD disturbances. Dual x‐ray absorptiometry should be included in the standard management of children with CD.