bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of norovirus infections in the state of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil 2005–2008
Authors: Ferreira M.S.R. , Victoria M. , Carvalho‐Costa F.A. , Vieira C.B. , Xavier M.P.T.P. , Fioretti J.M. , Andrade J. , Volotão E.M. , Rocha M. , Leite J.P.G. , Miagostovich M.P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA 4‐year (2005–2008) norovirus (NoV) surveillance study was conducted in the state of Rio Janeiro, Brazil, to demonstrate the role of these viruses in outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis. A cohort of 1,687 fecal samples was obtained from patients with gastroenteritis; 324 were rotavirus‐positive. Of the remainder 1,363 rotavirus‐negative samples, 1,087 samples were tested for NoV RNA in this study. The study enrolled 267 outpatients from Municipal Public Health Centers and 820 inpatients, whose samples were obtained by active surveillance in Public Hospitals. Fecal samples were tested by reverse transcription (RT) followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the MON 431–434 set of degenerate primers for NoV GI and GII detection, and there were 35.1% (381/1,087) positive samples for NoV, consisting of 30.2% (248/820) and 49.8% (133/267) from inpatient and outpatient, respectively. Children infected by NoV had significantly more frequent mucus in feces, vomiting and fever. No seasonal pattern in NoV infections was observed in patients admitted to hospital; however, two peaks of NoV infections were observed from ambulatory cases, suggesting that there was an occurrence of outbreaks in those time periods. Molecular characterization revealed GII to be the most prevalent genogroup, totaling 96.3% (104/108) of all sequences analyzed, and GII.4 was the genotype detected most frequently (80.7%), followed by GII.6, 3, 14, 7, and 8. Two GI strains, GI.2 and GI.3, were also observed. The number of outbreaks and sporadic cases described in this study highlights the need to implement diagnosis of NoV in surveillance laboratories. J. Med. Virol. 82:1442–1448, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing for human papillomavirus and measurement of viral load of HPV 16 and 18 in self‐collected vaginal swabs of women who do not undergo cervical cytological screening in Southern France
Authors: Tamalet Catherine , Richet Hervé , Carcopino Xavier , Henry Mireille , Leretraite Laurence , Heid Patrice , Leandri François‐Xavier , Sancho‐Garnier Hélène , Piana Lucien 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSelf‐sampling using vaginal swabs could be a valuable alternative to screen for cervical cancer for women who do not attend regular cytological screening. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of high and low‐risk HPV types and of HPV type 16 and 18 DNA load in self‐collected vaginal swabs from 35‐ to 69‐year‐old Southern French women of low socioeconomic level or migrant populations who do not attend regular cervical screening. A good concordance (93.1%) was found between cervical brush and vaginal swabs in 29 samples. Self‐collected vaginal swabs were examined from 120 women. HPV infection was found in 28 women (23.3%; median age 48 years), 17 (14.1%) of whom harbored high‐risk HPV types. HPV type 16 was the high risk type found most frequently, followed by types 53, 31, 18, 58, and 66. The low‐risk type detected most frequently was HPV type 6, followed by types 61, 70, and 81. The mean HPV 16 and 18 load was 6.3 log10 copies/106 cells and 2.4 log10 copies/106 cells, respectively. These results suggest that vaginal self‐swabs can be a reliable tool for cervical cancer screening in non‐attending and inadequately screened elderly women. J. Med. Virol. 82:1431–1437, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative and qualitative assay of rubella IgA antibody in breast milk
Authors: Hayakawa Yuko , Zhou Yumei , Mizuguchi Masashi , Frey Teryl K. , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBreast milk contains immunological factors, such as IgA antibody, which help to prevent infectious diseases. A total of 197 paired samples of colostrum and breast milk was collected from postpartum mothers in Gunma City, Japan, and examined for anti‐rubella IgA antibody by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting (WB). The anti‐rubella virus IgA ranged from 0.5 to 78.5 U/ml with a mean of 6.05 U/ml and a median of 3.6 U/ml in colostrum, and from 0.5 to 32.7 U/ml with a mean of 2.74 U/ml and a median of 2 U/ml in milk. The differences between the means of titers of total IgA and anti‐rubella virus IgA in colostrum and in milk were significant statistically. The levels of anti‐rubella virus IgA in both colostrum and breast milk correlated positively with the anti‐rubella virus hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers in the sera of mother, indicating that the levels of these different classes of antibodies correlated. Based on WB, anti‐rubella virus IgA in both colostrum and breast milk reacted with the rubella viral protein E1 and C, but not with the E2 protein. J. Med. Virol. 82:1475–1479, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the autoregulator from Streptomyces griseus JA 5142 on surface cultures of blocked mutant ZIMET 43682
Authors: Gräfe U. , Reinhardt G. , Krebs D. , Eritt I. , Steudel A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractZero time addition of the autoregulator (L‐factor) from S. griseus (Lkm+ Amy+) to surface cultures of its bald mutant ZIMET 43682 (Amy−Lkm−) restored the capacity to form both anthracycline‐type antibiotic leukaemomycin and aerial mycelium. The pertinent mycelia displayed the same growth rate and cellular levels of nucleic acid as the asporogeneous phenotype but the composition of fatty acids and phospholipids as well as the ratio of cytochromes b and c were altered. These differences indicate alterations in the cellular architecture of substrate and aerial hyphae. The result suggest that the autoregulator triggers the onset of a complex programme of differentiation at a very early stage.
Synoptic flow patterns leading to the generation of north‐west African depressions
Authors: Prezerakos N. G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper reports a study and analysis of the synoptic evolution of the atmospheric flow patterns that cause the formation of north‐west African depressions. The study uses mean 500 and 850 hPa heights and their anomalies, associated with the subcategories into which the north‐west African depressions have been classified. The time period under consideration covers the consecutive years from 1970 to 1974.To study better the synoptic evolution and the separation of existing centres of action for each subcategory, charts of the mean 500 and 850 hPa heights and temperatures for 72, 48, and 24 h before the first appearance of a depression have been prepared. For the mean 500 hPa height field and for each subcategory, anomalies based on differences from the long‐term (1950–1973) average have been calculated (at the 0·01 statistical level of significance) for each grid point of the ‘anomaly’ fields. From the study as a whole it can be deduced that the synoptic flow patterns, which cause the generation of north‐west African depressions, are unstable baroclinic waves, at the synoptic scale, initiated in the middle troposphere over geographical regions far from the Atlas Mountains. These waves can be seen on the 500 hPa charts at least 72 h before the first appearance of the depressions on the mean sea‐level (MSL) charts for north‐west Africa. It also seems that the intensive low‐level tropospheric baroclinicity, which is most pronounced along the north‐west African coast, plays an important role in the initiation and self‐maintenance of the surface lows. Finally, the key atmospheric circulation system that causes these baroclinic waves to form must be a large‐scale ridge, often of a blocking type, located in the North Atlantic Ocean or north‐west Europe.
Thermo‐topographically induced boundary layer oscillations over the central Namib, southern Africa
Authors: Lindesay J. A. , Tyson P. D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDiurnal and seasonal oscillations of the atmospheric boundary layer over the central Namib Desert on the west coast of southern Africa are examined. Both the vertical and horizontal structure of the thermo‐topographic airflow are contrasted with similar wind systems occurring over Natal on the east coast of the subcontinent. Thermo‐topographic airflows over the central Namib are found to have a regional significance frequently equalling or exceeding that of the general circulation. The strength, depth, and unusually clearly defined diurnal and seasonal oscillations of these winds render the central Namib a unique area for the study of boundary layer oscillations.
Recreation climate assessment
Authors: de Freitas C. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe study examines methods for assessing the atmospheric resource component of recreation environments. Beach use is selected as it is a highly weather sensitive recreational activity. The study area is King's Beach in Queensland, Australia. The nature of the relationship between beach climate and the enjoyment of recreational pursuits is taken to be a function of thermal, physical, and aesthetic components of the atmospheric environment. A body‐atmosphere heat‐budget model is used to integrate and isolate the thermal component of beach weather and enable identification of important non‐thermal recreational resource attributes of the atmosphere. Beach‐user sensory perception of on‐site atmospheric conditions expressed verbally is used to assess the physical and aesthetic components of the atmospheric environment. The immediate thermal environment of the beach user is the main contributing factor to assessments of the desirability of on‐site meteorological conditions, followed by the non‐thermal effects of cloud and wind. Rainfall events of half‐hour duration or longer have an overriding effect.
Isosceles Orthogonal Triples in Linear 2‐Normed Spaces
Authors: Cho Y. J. , Diminnie C. R. , Freese R. W. , Andalafte E. Z. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA triple (x, y, z) in a linear 2‐normed space (X, ‖.,.‖) is called an isosceles orthogonal triple, denoted |(x, y, z), if|(.,.,.) is said to be homogeneous if |(x, y, z) implies |(ax, y, z) for all real a and it is additive if |(x1, y, z) and |(x2, y, z) imply that |(x1 + x2, y, z). In addition to developing some basic properties of |(.,.,.), this paper shows that under the assumption of strict convexity, every subspace of X of dimension ≤ 3 contains an isosceles orthogonal triple. Further, if (X, ‖.,.‖) is strictly convex and |(…,.) is either homogeneous or additive, then (X, ‖.,.‖) is a 2‐inner product space.
Regulators and Galois Stability
Authors: Ritter Jürgen , Weiss Alfred 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThanks to the existence of Galois stable orders the Fröhlich regulator associated to two lattices X and Y that are linked by a bilinear form determines a Galois homomorphism ρ from some character ring into the ideals of the corresponding field of definition. In this paper it will be shown that whenever the deviation between X and Y can be measured by an element of a certain genus class group the homomorphism ρ turns out to be a representing Galois homomorphism of that element.
Extremal Solutions of Evolution Inclusions Associated with Time Dependent Convex Subdifferentials
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper first we establish the existence of extremal solutions for evolution inclusions driven by time dependent convex subdifferentials, and then show that they are dense for the topology of uniform convergence on T=[0, b] to the solutions of the original system. Then these results are applied to establish “bang‐bang” type results for some classes of nonlinear infinite dimensional control systems. A few examples are also presented.
A surface‐temperature prediction model for porous asphalt pavement and its validation
Authors: Shao J , Lister P J , McDonald A 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA numerical road‐ice prediction model is further developed to predict surface temperature and surface state for porous asphalt pavement, which is significantly colder at night and warmer at daytime than conventional asphalt pavement. The model is validated against temperature measurements on both porous and conventional asphalt pavements, using actual input data for the complete winter 1992/93. The validation of model rum at noon shows that, on average, the model has a near‐zero bias for minimum, maximum and overall hourly temperature forecasts. The model has the smallest standard deviation (0.78 °C) for minimum temperature forecasts and the largest standard deviation (1.92 °C) for maximum temperature forecasts. Nearly 90% of frost days are predicted. Model runs with different start times at 1200 1500, 1900 and 0000 show consistently good results.
Analysis of time course 1H NMR metabolomics data by multivariate curve resolution
Authors: Karakach Tobias K. , Knight Richard , Lenz Eva M. , Viant Mark R. , Walter John A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractModeling NMR‐based metabolomics data often involves linear methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). These methods have the objective of describing the main variance in the data and maximum covariance between the predictor variables and some response variable respectively. If the experiment is designed to investigate temporal biological fluctuations, however, the factors obtained become difficult to interpret in a biological context. Moreover, when these methods are applied to analyze data, an implicit assumption is made that the measurement errors exhibit an iid‐normal distribution, often limiting the extent of the information recovered. A method for the linear decomposition of NMR‐based metabolomics data by multivariate curve resolution (MCR), which has been used elsewhere for time course transcriptomics applications, is introduced and implemented via a weighted alternating least squares (ALS) approach. Measurement of error information is incorporated in the modeling process, allowing the least squares projections to be performed in a maximum likelihood fashion. As a result, noise heteroscedasticity resulting from pH‐induced peak shifts can be modeled, eliminating the need for binning/bucketing. The utility of the method is demonstrated using two sets of temporal NMR metabolomics data, HgCl2‐induced nephrotoxicity in rat, and fish (Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes) embryogenesis. Profiles extracted for the nephrotoxicity data exhibit strong correlations with metabolites consistent with temporal fluctuations in glucosuria. The concentration of metabolites such as acetate, glucose, and alanine exhibit a steady increase, which peaks at Day 3 post dose and returns to basal levels at Day 8. Other metabolites including citrate and 2‐oxoglutarate exhibit the opposite characteristics. Although the fish embryogenesis data are more complex, the profiles extracted by the algorithm display characteristics that depict temporal variation consistent with processes associated with embryogenesis. Copyright © 2009 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Comparison of myocardial perfusion estimates from dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with four quantitative analysis methods
Authors: Pack Nathan A. , DiBella Edward V. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI has been used to quantify myocardial perfusion in recent years. Published results have varied widely, possibly depending on the method used to analyze the dynamic perfusion data. Here, four quantitative analysis methods (two‐compartment modeling, Fermi function modeling, model‐independent analysis, and Patlak plot analysis) were implemented and compared for quantifying myocardial perfusion. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI data were acquired in 20 human subjects at rest with low‐dose (0.019 ± 0.005 mmol/kg) bolus injections of gadolinium. Fourteen of these subjects were also imaged at adenosine stress (0.021 ± 0.005 mmol/kg). Aggregate rest perfusion estimates were not significantly different between all four analysis methods. At stress, perfusion estimates were not significantly different between two‐compartment modeling, model‐independent analysis, and Patlak plot analysis. Stress estimates from the Fermi model were significantly higher (∼20%) than the other three methods. Myocardial perfusion reserve values were not significantly different between all four methods. Model‐independent analysis resulted in the lowest model curve‐fit errors. When more than just the first pass of data was analyzed, perfusion estimates from two‐compartment modeling and model‐independent analysis did not change significantly, unlike results from Fermi function modeling. Magn Reson Med 64:125–137, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RT‐GROG: parallelized self‐calibrating GROG for real‐time MRI
Authors: Saybasili Haris , Derbyshire J. Andrew , Kellman Peter , Griswold Mark A. , Ozturk Cengizhan , Lederman Robert J. , Seiberlich Nicole 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA real‐time implementation of self‐calibrating Generalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) operator gridding for radial acquisitions is presented. Self‐calibrating GRAPPA operator gridding is a parallel‐imaging‐based, parameter‐free gridding algorithm, where coil sensitivity profiles are used to calculate gridding weights. Self‐calibrating GRAPPA operator gridding's weight‐set calculation and image reconstruction steps are decoupled into two distinct processes, implemented in C++ and parallelized. This decoupling allows the weights to be updated adaptively in the background while image reconstruction threads use the most recent gridding weights to grid and reconstruct images. All possible combinations of two‐dimensional gridding weights GG are evaluated for m,n = {−0.5, −0.4, …, 0, 0.1, …, 0.5} and stored in a look‐up table. Consequently, the per‐sample two‐dimensional weights calculation during gridding is eliminated from the reconstruction process and replaced by a simple look‐up table access. In practice, up to 34× faster reconstruction than conventional (parallelized) self‐calibrating GRAPPA operator gridding is achieved. On a 32‐coil dataset of size 128 × 64, reconstruction performance is 14.5 frames per second (fps), while the data acquisition is 6.6 fps. Magn Reson Med 64:306–312, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional diffusion tensor microimaging for anatomical characterization of the mouse brain
Authors: Aggarwal Manisha , Mori Susumu , Shimogori Tomomi , Blackshaw Seth , Zhang Jiangyang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging is gaining increasing importance for anatomical imaging of the developing mouse brain. However, the application of diffusion tensor imaging to mouse brain imaging at microscopic levels is hindered by the limitation on achievable spatial resolution. In this study, fast diffusion tensor microimaging of the mouse brain, based on a diffusion‐weighted gradient and spin echo technique with twin‐navigator echo phase correction, is presented. Compared to echo planar and spin echo acquisition, the diffusion‐weighted gradient and spin echo acquisition resulted in significant reduction in scan time and had minimal image distortion, thereby allowing acquisition at higher spatial resolution. In this study, three‐dimensional diffusion tensor microimaging of the mouse brains at spatial resolutions of 50‐60 μm revealed unprecedented anatomical details. Thin fiber bundles in the adult striatum and white matter tracts in the embryonic day 12 mouse brains were visualized for the first time. The study demonstrated that data acquired using the diffusion tensor microimaging technique allow three‐dimensional mapping of gene expression data and can serve as a platform to study gene expression patterns in the context of neuroanatomy in the developing mouse brain. Magn Reson Med 64:249–261, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion imaging in humans at 7T using readout‐segmented EPI and GRAPPA
Authors: Heidemann Robin M. , Porter David A. , Anwander Alfred , Feiweier Thorsten , Heberlein Keith , Knösche Thomas R. , Turner Robert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAnatomical MRI studies at 7T have demonstrated the ability to provide high‐quality images of human tissue in vivo. However, diffusion‐weighted imaging at 7T is limited by the increased level of artifact associated with standard, single‐shot, echo‐planar imaging, even when parallel imaging techniques such as generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) are used to reduce the effective echo spacing. Readout‐segmented echo‐planar imaging in conjunction with parallel imaging has the potential to reduce these artifacts by allowing a further reduction in effective echo spacing during the echo‐planar imaging readout. This study demonstrates that this approach does indeed provide a substantial improvement in image quality by reducing image blurring and susceptibility‐based distortions, as well as by allowing the acquisition of diffusion‐weighted images with a high spatial resolution. A preliminary application of the technique to high‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging provided a high level of neuroanatomical detail, which should prove valuable in a wide range of applications. Magn Reson Med 64:9–14, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solid‐phase extraction of liquiritin and glycyrrhizin from licorice using porous alkyl‐pyridinium polymer sorbent
Authors: Bi Wentao , Tian Minglei , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Liquiritin and glycyrrhizin are valuable components of licorice. An effective separation and determination procedure is needed to separate the liquiritin and glycyrrhizin from the licorice extract.Methodology – A polymer‐confined, ionic liquid sorbent was developed using a process involving polymerisation and modification. The obtained porous particles were used as a sorbent in a solid‐phase extraction process to isolate liquiritin and glycyrrhizin from licorice with different washing and elution solvents. The porous alkyl‐pyridinium polymer sorbent was compared with the C18 sorbent.Results – A simple and convenient method was established to the selectively separate and determinate of liquiritin and glycyrrhizin using a porous ionic liquid‐based polymer coupled with HPLC. Additionally, this study evaluated the application of this sorbent for the detection of these two compounds in commercial medicines.Conclusion – This method was a viable tool that was compatible with the existing HPLC methods and was used to separate and analyse the content of liquiritin and glycyrrhizin in licorice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of lanostane triterpenes in Fomes officinalis and their fragmentation study by HPLC‐ESI
Authors: Feng Wei , Yang Junshan , Xu Xudong , Liu Qinghua 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction – The fruit bodies of Fomes officinalis are used for the treatment of coughs, gastric cancer, rheumatism and hydropsia; however, no method is currently available to assess the quality of this medicinal fungus based on quantitative profile of its main triterpenes.Objective – To develop a simple and accurate HPLC‐UV method for the simultaneous quantification of five lanostane‐type triterpenes in the fruit bodies of F. officinalis.Method – Separations were performed on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB‐C18 column by gradient elution using acetonitrile : formic acid. Analytes were identified by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry experiments. The quantitative HPLC‐UV method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification.Results – Calibration curves presented good linear regression (r > 0.9996) within test ranges. The relative standard deviation of this method was less than 1.7% for intra‐ and inter‐day assays and overall recoveries were 96.4–104.1% for the five compounds analysed. The method was successfully applied to the quantification of five triterpenes in 16 samples of F. officinalis collected from different regions.Conclusion – The developed assay could be considered as a suitable quality control method for F. officinalis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.