bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derivation and validation of a nomogram incorporating modifiable lifestyle factors to predict development of colorectal adenomas after negative index colonoscopy
Authors: Yu Mingqian , Ouyang Yiben , Yuan Zhen , Wang Shuyuan , Pang Wenwen , Yan Suying , Liu Xinyu , Wang Wanting , Yi Ben , Han Qiurong , Yao Yao , Liu Yanfei , Song Jiachun , Chu Tianhao , Feng Zhiqiang , Zhang Qinghuai , Zhang Xipeng , Zhang Chunze 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study aimed to identify baseline patient characteristics involving modifiable lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of colorectal adenomas, and establish and validate a nomogram for risk predictions among high-risk populations with negative index colonoscopy. A total of 83,076 participants who underwent an index colonoscopy at the Tianjin Union Medical Center between 2004 and 2019 were collected. According to meticulous inclusion and exclusion criteria, 249 subjects were enrolled and categorized into the primary and validation cohorts. Based on the primary cohort, we utilized the LASSO-Cox regression and the univariate/multivariate Cox proportional hazards (Cox-PH) regression parallelly to select variables, and incorporated selected variables into two nomogram models established using the multivariate Cox-PH regression. Comparison of the Akaike information criterion and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the two models demonstrated that the nomogram model constituted by four covariates retained by the LASSO-Cox regression, including baseline age, body mass index, physical activity and family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) in first-degree relatives, performed better at predicting adenoma-free survival probabilities. Further validation including the concordance index, calibration plots, decision curve analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curves also revealed good predictive accuracy, discriminating ability, clinical utility and risk stratification capacity of the nomogram model. Our nomogram will assist high-risk individuals with negative index colonoscopy to prevent colorectal adenoma occurrence and CRC morbidity with improved cost-effectiveness.
Predicting exacerbation of renal function by DNA methylation clock and DNA damage of urinary shedding cells: a pilot study
Authors: Hishikawa Akihito , Nishimura Erina Sugita , Yoshimoto Norifumi , Nakamichi Ran , Hama Eriko Yoshida , Ito Wataru , Maruki Tomomi , Nagashima Kengo , Shimizu-Hirota Ryoko , Takaishi Hiromasa , Itoh Hiroshi , Hayashi Kaori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent reports have shown the feasibility of measuring biological age from DNA methylation levels in blood cells from specific regions identified by machine learning, collectively known as the epigenetic clock or DNA methylation clock. While extensive research has explored the association of the DNA methylation clock with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, its relationship with kidney diseases remains largely unexplored. In particular, it is unclear whether the DNA methylation clock could serve as a predictor of worsening kidney function. In this pilot study involving 20 subjects, we investigated the association between the DNA methylation clock and subsequent deterioration of renal function. Additionally, we noninvasively evaluated DNA damage in urinary shedding cells using a previously reported method to examine the correlation with the DNA methylation clock and worsening kidney function. Our findings revealed that patients with an accelerated DNA methylation clock exhibited increased DNA damage in urinary shedding cells, along with a higher rate of eGFR decline. Moreover, in cases of advanced CKD (G4-5), the DNA damage in urinary shedding cells was significantly increased, highlighting the interplay between elevated DNA damage and eGFR decline. This study suggests the potential role of the DNA methylation clock and urinary DNA damage as predictive markers for the progression of chronic kidney disease.
Modelling the mechanical properties of concrete produced with polycarbonate waste ash by machine learning
Authors: Sathvik S. , Kumar Rakesh , Ulloa Nestor , Shakor Pshtiwan , Ujwal M. S. , Onyelowe Kennedy , Kumar G. Shiva , Christo Mary Subaja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndia’s cement industry is the second largest in the world, generating 6.9% of the global cement output. Polycarbonate waste ash is a major problem in India and around the globe. Approximately 370,000 tons of scientific waste are generated annually from fitness care facilities in India. Polycarbonate waste helps reduce the environmental burden associated with disposal and decreases the need for new raw materials. The primary variable in this study is the quantity of polycarbonate waste ash (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of the weight of cement), partial replacement of cement, water-cement ratio and aggregates. The mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural test results, of the mixtures with the polycarbonate waste ash were superior at 7, 14 and 28 days compared to those of the control mix. The water absorption rate is less than that of standard concrete. Compared with those of conventional concrete, polycarbonate waste concrete mixtures undergo minimal weight loss under acid curing conditions. Polycarbonate waste is utilized in the construction industry to reduce pollution and improve the economy. This study further simulated the strength characteristics of concrete made with waste polycarbonate ash using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and decision trees. Cement, polycarbonate waste, slump, water absorption, and the ratio of water to cement were the main components that were considered input variables. The suggested decision tree model was successful with unparalleled predictive accuracy across important metrics. Its outstanding predictive ability for split tensile strength (R2 = 0.879403), flexural strength (R2 = 0.91197), and compressive strength (R2 = 0.853683) confirmed that this method was the preferred choice for these strength predictions.
Functional and mechanistic studies of a phytogenic formulation, Shrimp Best, in growth performance and vibriosis in whiteleg shrimp
Authors: Lee Yi-San , Umam Khotibul , Kuo Tien-Fen , Yang Yu-Liang , Feng Ching-Shan , Yang Wen-Chin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change and disease threaten shrimp farming. Here, we studied the beneficial properties of a phytogenic formulation, Shrimp Best (SB), in whiteleg shrimp. Functional studies showed that SB dose-dependently increased shrimp body weight and decreased feed conversion ratio. We found that SB protected against Vibrio parahaemolyticus as evidenced by survival rate, bacterial load, and hepatopancreatic pathology in shrimp. Finally, we explored the likely mechanism by which SB affects growth performance and vibriosis in shrimp. The 16S rRNA sequencing data showed that SB increased 6 probiotic genera and decreased 6 genera of pathogenic bacteria in shrimp. Among these, SB increased the proportion of Lactobacillus johnsonii and decreased that of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp guts. To dissect the relationship among SB, Lactobacillus and Vibrio, we investigated the in vitro regulation of Lactobacillus and Vibrio by SB. SB at ≥ 0.25 μg/mL promoted L. johnsonii growth. Additionally, L. johnsonii and its supernatant could inhibit V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, SB could up-regulate five anti-Vibrio metabolites of L. johnsonii, which caused bacterial membrane destruction. In parallel, we identified 3 fatty acids as active compounds from SB. Overall, this work demonstrated that SB improved growth performance and vibriosis protection in shrimp via the regulation of gut microbiota.
Optimization of machine tool settings for Spirac hypoid gears by controlling symmetry of contact paths
Authors: Xuan Jiamin , Li Haitao , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel optimization method to control the symmetry of contact paths on the concave and convex tooth surfaces of the gear then improves the meshing quality was proposed. By modifying the angular setting of the head cutter when cutting the pinion, the direction angles of the two contact paths are equated to estimate their symmetry. The relation between the direction angles is formulated precisely, the influence of the angular setting on the contact paths is investigated, and the equations for obtaining the values of the machine tool settings are derived. The proposed method is applied to a numerical example of a Spirac hypoid gear pair, and the results reveal that the contact paths on the concave and convex tooth surfaces are approximately symmetrical and the transmission errors of both sides are comparable.
Belief inference for hierarchical hidden states in spatial navigation
Authors: Katayama Risa , Shiraki Ryo , Ishii Shin , Yoshida Wako 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUncertainty abounds in the real world, and in environments with multiple layers of unobservable hidden states, decision-making requires resolving uncertainties based on mutual inference. Focusing on a spatial navigation problem, we develop a Tiger maze task that involved simultaneously inferring the local hidden state and the global hidden state from probabilistically uncertain observation. We adopt a Bayesian computational approach by proposing a hierarchical inference model. Applying this to human task behaviour, alongside functional magnetic resonance brain imaging, allows us to separate the neural correlates associated with reinforcement and reassessment of belief in hidden states. The imaging results also suggest that different layers of uncertainty differentially involve the basal ganglia and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and that the regions responsible are organised along the rostral axis of these areas according to the type of inference and the level of abstraction of the hidden state, i.e. higher-order state inference involves more anterior parts.
Valorization of cocoa pod side streams improves nutritional and sustainability aspects of chocolate
Authors: Mishra Kim , Green Ashley , Burkard Johannes , Gubler Irina , Borradori Roberta , Kohler Lucas , Meuli Johannes , Krähenmann Ursina , Bergfreund Jotam , Siegrist Armin , Schnyder Maria , Mathys Alexander , Fischer Peter , Windhab Erich J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChocolate production faces nutritional, environmental and socio-economic challenges present in the conventional cocoa value chain. Here we developed an approach that addresses these challenges by repurposing the often-discarded pectin-rich cocoa pod endocarp and converting it into a gel. This is done using cocoa pulp juice concentrate to replace traditional sugar from sugar beets. Although swelling of fibres, proteins and starches can limit gel incorporation, our proposed chocolate formulation contains up to 20 wt% gel. It also has comparable sweet taste as traditional chocolate while offering improved nutritional value with higher fibre and reduced saturated fatty acid content. A cradle-to-factory life cycle assessment shows that large-scale production of this chocolate could reduce land use and global warming potential compared with average European dark chocolate production. The process also provides opportunities for diversification of farmers’ income and technology transfer, offering potential socio-economic benefits for cocoa-producing regions.
N-type molecular doping of a semicrystalline conjugated polymer through cation exchange
Authors: Yamashita Yu , Kohno Shinya , Longhi Elena , Jhulki Samik , Kumagai Shohei , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Takeya Jun , Watanabe Shun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractControl of electrical doping is indispensable in any semiconductor device, and both efficient hole and electron doping are required for many devices. In organic semiconductors, however, electron doping has been essentially more problematic compared to hole doping because in general organic semiconductors have low electron affinities and require dopants with low ionization potentials that are often air-sensitive. Here, we adapt an efficient molecular doping method, so-called ion-exchange doping, to dope electrons in a polymeric semiconductor. We initially reduce the polymeric semiconductor using one electron transfer from molecular dopants, and then the ionized dopants in the resulting air-unstable films are replaced with secondary ions via cation exchange. Improved ambient stability and crystallinity of the doped polymeric semiconductors are achieved when a specific bulky molecular cation was chosen as the secondary ion, compared to conventional methods. The presented strategy can overcome the trade-off relationship between reducing capability and ambient stability in molecular dopants, and a wider selection of dopant ions will help to realize ambient-stable electron conductors.
Amorphization of fused perylene diimide dimers for high-efficiency potassium-organic batteries
Authors: Cheng Mengyuan , Liu Hang , Tian Zhuocheng , Luo Xiaoqi , Wu Di , Yan Kui , Wang Dongxue 
Published: May 2024

A simple but efficient method to achieve stable and amorphous small-molecular carbonyls (PTCDI2) with superior rate capability and enhanced longevity of potassium-ion batteries is demonstrated.
Comparative study of a high‐speed permanent magnet motor when powered by different methods
Authors: Qi Zhenning , Zhang Yue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe authors present the multi‐physical field performances comparative research for a 30 kW, 30,000 r/min high‐speed permanent magnet motor (HSPMM) when the motor is powered by the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) voltage inverter and sinusoidal voltage source, respectively. Firstly, electromagnetic performances including torque, voltage and current of the HSPMM with different driving methods are compared and analysed by the finite element method (FEM). Considering the effects of high operation frequency, power losses of the HSPMM with different driving methods under full‐load conditions are calculated and compared with the skin effect and the proximity effect considered for HSPMM winding copper loss estimation. Based on the above analysis, a prototype driven by the SPWM voltage inverter is manufactured, with its electromagnetic and thermal performances tested and verified. In addition, several influencing factors of the HSPMM rotor eddy current loss are studied, with their effects on the HSPMM under different driving methods further analysed and compared as well. A novel equivalent power supply method is proposed to effectively save the calculation time with a negligible error. Finally, in order to further improve the heat dissipation capacity of the HSPMM, a novel cooling method is intensively studied with its influencing factors further analysed. The cooling effect of the novel cooling method and the temperature of the motor components are verified and calculated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method.
Transport parameters from AMS-02 F/Si data and fluorine source abundance
Authors: Ferronato Bueno E. , Derome L. , Génolini Y. , Maurin D. , Tatischeff V. , Vecchi M. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The AMS-02 collaboration recently released cosmic ray F/Si data with an unprecedented accuracy. Cosmic ray fluorine is predominantly produced by fragmentation of heavier progenitors, while silicon is mostly accelerated at source. This ratio is thus maximally sensitive to cosmic ray propagation.
Aims. We study the compatibility of the transport parameters derived from the F/Si ratio with those obtained from the lighter Li/C, Be/C, and B/C ratios. We also inspect the cosmic ray source abundance of F, which is one of the few elements that has a high first ionisation potential but is only moderately volatile and is a potentially key element to study the acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays.
Methods. We used the 1D diffusion model implemented in the USINE code and performed χ2 analyses accounting for several systematic effects (energy correlations in data, nuclear cross sections, and solar modulation uncertainties). We also took advantage of the EXFOR nuclear database to update the F production cross sections for its most important progenitors (identified to be 56Fe, 32S, 28Si, 27Al, 24Mg, 22Ne, and 20Ne).
Results. The transport parameters obtained from AMS-02 F/Si data are compatible with those obtained from AMS-02 (Li,Be,B)/C data. The combined fit of all of these ratios leads to a χmin2/d.o.f. ≈ 1.1, with ≲10% adjustments of the B and F production cross sections (which are based on very few nuclear data points and would strongly benefit from new measurements). The F/Si ratio is compatible with a pure secondary origin of F, with a best-fit relative source abundance (19F/28Si)CRS ∼ 10−3 and an upper limit of ∼5 × 10−3. Unfortunately, this limit is not sufficient to test global acceleration models of cosmic ray nuclei, for which values at the level of ∼10−4 are required. Such levels could be attained with F/Si data with a few percent of accuracy at a few tens of TV, which is possibly within reach for the next generation of cosmic ray experiments.
Ray-traced spectra of a hot neutron star for various metallicities
Authors: Bełdycki B. , Różańska A. , Palit B. , Madej J. , Majczyna A. , Vincent F. H. , Bejger M. 
Published: May 2024

Context. General relativity strongly affects the observed spectra of compact objects. New models of hot nonrotating neutron star (NS) atmospheres are presented for various chemical compositions. We demonstrate the influence of strong gravity on the value of the hardening factor measured by a distant observer.
Aims. We prepare new XSPEC fitting packages based on our extended numerical models for hot NS atmospheres in order to use them for a spectral analysis in the X-ray domain. For the Schwarzschild metric, ray-tracing calculations were performed to determine the observational appearance of the continuum emission of an NS.
Methods. The grid of intensity spectra emerging from the NS surface was computed with the code ATM24, which solves the model atmosphere equations with an accurate treatment of the Compton scattering of photons on free electrons in fully relativistic thermal motion. For the single value of the surface gravity, log(g) = 14.34 (cgs), the emerging specific intensity spectra were then ray-traced from the surface to the distant observer with the code GYOTO across the spacetime of a nonrotating NS obtained using the LORENE library. The color-correction factors were determined for a large grid of models of different chemical compositions for surface gravities from the critical gravity log gcrit up to 15.00 (cgs), and for effective temperatures in the range of 107 ≤ Teff ≤ 3 × 107 K.
Results. Comptonized spectra seen at the source rest frame display hardening factors in the range from 1.4 up to 2.0 in the case of a highly luminous metal-rich atmosphere. The ratio of the color temperature Tc to the effective temperature Teff for ray-traced spectra is in the range 0.9 − 1.4.
Conclusions. In the strong gravity regime, the structure of a hot atmosphere strongly depends on the surface gravity, luminosity, and atmospheric metal abundance of the NS. The theoretical hardening factors of the ray-traced spectra are systematically lower then the hardening factors of spectra at the source by about 30% on average.
Chemically peculiar stars on the pre-main sequence
Authors: Kueß L. , Paunzen E. , Faltová N. , Jadlovský D. , Labaj M. , Mesarč M. , Mondal P. , Prišegen M. , Ramezani T. , Supíková J. , Svačinková K. , Vítková M. , Xia C. , Bernhard K. , Hümmerich S. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The chemically peculiar (CP) stars of the upper main sequence are defined by spectral peculiarities that indicate unusual elemental abundance patterns in the presence of diffusion in the calm, stellar atmospheres. Some of them have a stable local magnetic field of up to several kiloGauss. The pre-main-sequence evolution of these objects is still a mystery and contains many open questions.
Aims. We identify CP stars on the pre-main sequence to determine possible mechanisms that lead to the occurrence of chemical peculiarities in the (very) early stages of stellar evolution.
Methods. We identified likely pre-main-sequence stars by fitting the spectral energy distributions. The subsequent analysis using stellar spectra and photometric time series helped us to distinguish between CP and non-CP stars. Additionally, we compared our results to the literature to provide the best possible quality assessment.
Results. Out of 45 candidates, about 70% seem to be true CP stars or CP candidates. Furthermore, 9 sources appear to be CP stars on the pre-main sequence, and all are magnetic. We finally report a possible CP2 star that is also a pre-main-sequence star and was not previously in the literature.
Conclusions. The evolution of the peculiarities seems to be related to the (strong) magnetic fields in these CP2 stars.
The asymmetric bipolar [Fe II] jet and H2 outflow of TMC1A resolved with the JWST NIRSpec Integral Field Unit
Authors: Assani K. D. , Harsono D. , Ramsey J. P. , Li Z.-Y. , Bjerkeli P. , Pontoppidan K. M. , Tychoniec Ł. , Calcutt H. , Kristensen L. E. , Jørgensen J. K. , Plunkett A. , van Gelder M. L. , Francis L. 
Published: May 2024

Context. Protostellar outflows exhibit large variations in their structure depending on the observed gas emission. To understand the origin of the observed variations, it is important to analyze the differences in the observed morphology and kinematics of the different tracers. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) allows us to study the physical structure of the protostellar outflow through well-known near-infrared shock tracers in a manner unrivaled by other existing ground-based and space-based telescopes at these wavelengths.
Aims. This study analyzes the atomic jet and molecular outflow in the Class I protostar, TMC1A, utilizing spatially resolved [Fe II] and H2 lines to characterize the morphology and to identify previously undetected spatial features, and compare them to existing observations of TMC1A and its outflows observed at other wavelengths.
Methods. We identified a large number of [Fe II] and H2 lines within the G140H, G235H, and G395H gratings of the NIRSpec IFU observations. We analyzed their morphology and position-velocity (PV) diagrams. From the observed [Fe II] line ratios, the extinction toward the jet is estimated.
Results. We detected the bipolar Fe jet by revealing, for the first time, the presence of a redshifted atomic jet. Similarly, the red-shifted component of the H2 slower wide-angle outflow was observed. The [Fe II] and H2 redhifted emission both exhibit significantly lower flux densities compared to their blueshifted counterparts. Additionally, we report the detection of a collimated high-velocity (~100 km s−1), blueshifted H2 outflow, suggesting the presence of a molecular jet in addition to the well-known wider angle low-velocity structure. The [Fe II] and H2 jets show multiple intensity peaks along the jet axis, which may be associated with ongoing or recent outburst events. In addition to the variation in their intensities, the H2 wide-angle outflow exhibits a ring-like structure. The blueshifted H2 outflow also shows a left-right brightness asymmetry likely due to interactions with the surrounding ambient medium and molecular outflows. Using the [Fe II] line ratios, the extinction along the atomic jet is estimated to be between AV = 10–30 on the blueshifted side, with a trend of decreasing extinction with distance from the protostar. A similar AV is found for the redshifted side, supporting the argument for an intrinsic red-blue outflow lobe asymmetry rather than environmental effects such as extinction. This intrinsic difference revealed by the unprecedented sensitivity of JWST, suggests that younger outflows already exhibit the red-blue side asymmetry more commonly observed toward jets associated with Class II disks.