bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance exercise enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis with graded intakes of whey protein in older men
Authors: Yang Yifan , Breen Leigh , Burd Nicholas A. , Hector Amy J. , Churchward-Venne Tyler A. , Josse Andrea R. , Tarnopolsky M. A. , Phillips Stuart M. 
Published: February 2012

Feeding stimulates robust increases in muscle protein synthesis (MPS); however, ageing may alter the anabolic response to protein ingestion and the subsequent aminoacidaemia. With this as background, we aimed to determine in the present study the dose–response of MPS with the ingestion of isolated whey protein, with and without prior resistance exercise, in the elderly. For the purpose of this study, thirty-seven elderly men (age 71 (sd4) years) completed a bout of unilateral leg-based resistance exercise before ingesting 0, 10, 20 or 40 g of whey protein isolate (W0–W40, respectively). Infusion ofl-[1-13C]leucine andl-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine with bilateralvastus lateralismuscle biopsies were used to ascertain whole-body leucine oxidation and 4 h post-protein consumption of MPS in the fed-state of non-exercised and exercised leg muscles. It was determined that whole-body leucine oxidation increased in a stepwise, dose-dependent manner. MPS increased above basal, fasting values by approximately 65 and 90 % for W20 and W40, respectively (P < 0·05), but not with lower doses of whey. While resistance exercise was generally effective at stimulating MPS, W20 and W40 ingestion post-exercise increased MPS above W0 and W10 exercised values (P < 0·05) and W40 was greater than W20 (P < 0·05). Based on the study, the following conclusions were drawn. At rest, the optimal whey protein dose for non-frail older adults to consume, to increase myofibrillar MPS above fasting rates, was 20 g. Resistance exercise increases MPS in the elderly at all protein doses, but to a greater extent with 40 g of whey ingestion. These data suggest that, in contrast to younger adults, in whom post-exercise rates of MPS are saturated with 20 g of protein, exercised muscles of older adults respond to higher protein doses.
Population compliance with national dietary recommendations and its determinants: findings from the ORISCAV-LUX study
Authors: Alkerwi Ala'a , Sauvageot Nicolas , Nau Anne , Lair Marie-Lise , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Albert Adelin , Guillaume Michèle 
Published: February 2012

The objective of the present study was to determine the proportion of adults meeting national recommendations for food and nutrient intake and to identify the demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors that may contribute to weaken dietary compliance. ORISCAV-LUX is a cross-sectional study that took place in Luxembourg (2007–8). A representative stratified random sample of 1352 adults aged 18–69 years participated in the nationwide cardiovascular health survey. A FFQ was used to estimate food intake. Radar charts were built to compare graphically the compliance of the participants with different key dietary guidelines on the same set of axes. The thirteen food- and nutrient-based recommendations were scored and summed to create a recommendation compliance index (range − 0·5 to 14). Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors contributing to poor dietary compliance. Several food- and nutrient-based guidelines were insufficiently respected compared with others. The greatest gaps occurred in the adherence to grain and dairy product consumption guidelines, as well as to total fat and notably to SFA recommendations. Age, country of birth, economic status, smoking status and subject's awareness of the importance of balanced meals emerged as independently associated with weak dietary compliance. Obese subjects conformed more to dietary recommendations compared with normal-weight subjects. The findings underscore the need for specific nutrition education messages along with targeted interventions. Efforts should be continued to increase population awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet.
Characterization and polymorphism analysis of phosphoglucose isomerase gene in the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea)
Authors: Luo J. , Cheng X.-Y. , Yan X. , Tao W.-Q. , Holland J.D. , Xu R.-M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPhosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) plays an important role in energy metabolism, and it is documented that PGI exhibits an extensive polymorphism which can affect insects' fitness and adaptation. In this paper, we studied the structural characteristics and polymorphism ofpgigene in the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), an important invasive pest in some European and Asian countries. A 2110-bppgifull-length cDNA encoding a polypeptide of 556 amino acids was obtained fromH. cunea. Thepgifull-length in theH. cuneagenomic DNA was 14,332 bp with 12 exons and 11 introns, similar to the structures ofpgiin other Lepidoptera species. We compared the structures ofpgiin different insect species. Moreover, thirteenpgigenotypes comprised of five alleles were identified in the Chinese population. Genotypespgi-cd,pgi-ccandpgi-cewere the most prevalent with over 70% of individuals allocated to them. Four out of five alleles were sequenced the cDNA full-length. Thirty stably variable sites were found among them with five non-synonymous mutation sites. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes were variable in different Chinese geographic subpopulations. Moreover, comparison ofpgimRNA expression levels in each stage of the moth's lifecycle showed that a high expression level was in the 6th instar larval stage, followed by that in the egg and adult stages. The results will provide a basis for further study of the role of different alleles and genotypes of PGI on fitness and adaptation of the mothH. cunea.
Effects of combination of leaf resources on competition in container mosquito larvae
Authors: Reiskind M.H. , Zarrabi A.A. , Lounibos L.P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractResource diversity is critical to fitness in many insect species, and may determine the coexistence of competitive species and the function of ecosystems. Plant material provides the nutritional base for numerous aquatic systems, yet the consequences of diversity of plant material have not been studied in aquatic container systems important for the production of mosquitoes. To address how diversity in leaf detritus affects container-inhabiting mosquitoes, we examined how leaf species affect competition between two container inhabiting mosquito larvae,Aedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus, that co-occur in many parts of the world. We tested the hypotheses that leaf species changes the outcome of intra- and interspecific competition between these mosquito species, and that combinations of leaf species affect competition in a manner not predictable based upon the response to each leaf species alone (i.e. the response to leaf combinations is non-additive). We find support for our first hypothesis that leaf species can affect competition, evidence that, in general, leaf combination alters competitive interactions, and no support that leaf combination impacts interspecific competition differently than intraspecific competition. We conclude that combinations of leaves increase mosquito production non-additively such that combinations of leaves act synergistically, in general, and result in higher total yield of adult mosquitoes in most cases, although certain leaf combinations forA. albopictusare antagonistic. We also conclude that leaf diversity does not have a different effect on interspecific competition betweenA. aegyptiandA. albopictus, relative to intraspecific competition for each mosquito.
Molecular organic geochemistry of a proposed stratotype for the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary (Isle of Skye, Scotland)
Authors: LEFORT APOLLINE , HAUTEVELLE YANN , LATHUILIÈRE BERNARD , HUAULT VINCENT 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe composition of the soluble organic matter of the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian Flodigarry Shale Member (Isle of Skye, Scotland) is presented for the first time. A continuous succession of silty clays and nodular limestone beds is exposed on a rocky shore to the north of Staffin Bay. This succession is proposed as a potential stratotype of the boundary between the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian stages. This paper points out the exceptional preservation and very low thermal degradation of the organic matter. Indeed, the molecular composition is characterized by the abundance of unsaturated biomarkers (hopenes and diasterenes) as well as undamaged bioterpenoids (ferruginol and sugiol). The abundance of long-chainn-alkanes characterized by an odd-over-even predominance reveals a dominant continental contribution. This is also attested to by the relatively high amounts of plant biomarkers (e.g. ferruginol, sugiol, cadalene and retene), which suggest a palaeovegetation largely composed of pinophytes, especially Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae and Cheirolepidiaceae, on the nearest emerged lands. The water column of the depositional environment was oxic in its upper part and rather dysoxic in its lower part. The composition of the organic matter does not significantly change along the Flodigarry Shale Member. In other words, no evolutionary events or drastic change in palaeoenvironments can be deduced from the molecular content of these sedimentary rocks, and it does not allow us to support a precise location for the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary in the succession.
Focal defect of mastoid bone shell in the region of the transverse-sigmoid junction: a new cause of pulsatile tinnitus
Authors: Xue J , Li T , Sun X , Liu Y 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:Pulsatile tinnitus usually originates from vascular structures, causing an arterial or venous bruit. We report a new cause of pulsatile tinnitus: a focal defect of the mastoid bone shell in the region of the transverse-sigmoid junction, with a normal transverse-sigmoid sinus.Participants and intervention:Three patients complained of unilateral, pulsatile tinnitus present for many years. They were identified as having a focal defect of the mastoid bone shell in the region of the transverse-sigmoid junction. The patients underwent transmastoid reconstruction of the mastoid bone shell overlying the transverse-sigmoid sinus.Results:All three patients reported immediate resolution of their symptoms, and were asymptomatic at final follow up.Conclusion:A focal defect of the mastoid bone shell overlying the transverse-sigmoid sinus, with no abnormality of the sinus itself, may be a new cause of pulsatile tinnitus. Surgical reconstruction of the mastoid bone shell overlying the transverse-sigmoid sinus can provide lasting symptom relief for patients with pulsatile tinnitus and computed tomographic evidence of the defect.
Optimal transport and dynamics of expanding circle maps acting on measures
Authors: KLOECKNER BENOÎT 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper we compute the derivative of the action on probability measures of an expanding circle map at its absolutely continuous invariant measure. The derivative is defined using optimal transport: we use the rigorous framework set up by Gigli to endow the space of measures with a kind of differential structure. It turns out that 1 is an eigenvalue of infinite multiplicity of this derivative, and we deduce that the absolutely continuous invariant measure can be deformed in many ways into atomless, nearly invariant measures. We also show that the action of standard self-covering maps on measures has positive metric mean dimension.
Perception, use and valuation of protected areas by local populations in an economic crisis context
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ DAVID 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYWith some exceptions, local populations’ opinions are not considered sufficiently important in developing policies related to protected areas (PAs), despite their recognized effect on conservation and management. This paper surveys the views and the activities performed by residents living inside or near the 10 PAs of the densely-populated, industrialized Autonomous Region of Madrid, with a view toward better informing their management. The degree of knowledge, perception of conservation state, activities performed inside them and stated importance were assessed, and the hypothesis that the economic valuation of PAs had decreased between 2006/2007 and 2009 as a result of Spain's economic crisis was tested using the contingency valuation method. Local populations valued PAs highly, despite their limited use of them and their moderate perception of the conservation state of these areas. The objective valuation of PAs (measured by three economic variables) remained high among the local populations at the peak of the economic crisis (assessed by the gross domestic product growth), although declared economic support for PAs had significantly shifted towards a ‘pay per use’ scheme.
Parental Distress, Parenting Practices, and Child Adaptive Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Micklewright Jackie L. , King Tricia Z. , O'Toole Kathleen , Henrich Chris , Floyd Frank J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractModerate and severe pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are associated with significant familial distress and child adaptive sequelae. Our aim was to examine the relationship between parental psychological distress, parenting practices (authoritarian, permissive, authoritative), and child adaptive functioning 12–36 months following TBI or orthopedic injury (OI). Injury type was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between parental distress and child adaptive functioning, demonstrating a significantly stronger relationship in the TBI relative to OI group. Authoritarian parenting practices were hypothesized to mediate relationship between parental distress and child adaptive functioning across groups. Groups (TBIn= 21, OIn= 23) did not differ significantly on age at injury, time since injury, sex, race, or SES. Parents completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, Parenting Practices Questionnaire, and Vineland-II. Moderation and mediation hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression and a bootstrapping approach, respectively. Results supported moderation and revealed that higher parental psychological distress was associated with lower child adaptive functioning in the TBI group only. Mediation results indicated that higher parental distress was associated with authoritarian parenting practices and lower adaptive functioning across groups. Results suggest that parenting practices are an important area of focus for studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between parent and child functioning following TBI. (JINS, 2012,18, 343–350)
Generation of electrical self-oscillations in two-terminal switching devices based on the insulator-to-metal phase transition of VO2 thin films
Authors: Leroy Jonathan , Crunteanu Aurelian , Givernaud Julien , Orlianges Jean-Christophe , Champeaux Corinne , Blondy Pierre 
Published: February 2012

We present the non-linear electrical properties of simple two-terminal switching devices based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films. The current–voltage characteristics of such devices present negative differential resistance (NDR) regions allowing generating electrical self-oscillations across the investigated devices, with frequencies ranging from several kHz up to 1 MHz. We investigate and compare the factors determining the onset of oscillatory phenomenon in both voltage- and current-activated oscillations and explain its origin. For both activation modes, we will correlate the properties of electrical oscillations (amplitude and frequency) with the amplitude of the continuous excitation signal, the physical geometry of the devices or ambient temperature. We conclude by mentioning several possible applications for the oscillation generation in the radiofrequency (RF)/microwave domains (inverters, integrated a.c. signal generators, pressure and temperature sensors, etc.).
77 GHz offset reflectarray for FOD detection on airport runways
Authors: Mazouni Karim , Pichot Christian , Lantéri Jérôme , Dauvignac Jean-Yves , Migliaccio Claire , Futatsumori Shunichi , Kohmura Akiko , Yonemoto Naruto 
Published: February 2012

In designing a Foreign Object Debris (FOD) detection system on airport runways, this paper deals with the performance of a 77 GHz reflectarray antenna (RA). Debris may be very small and have low radar cross section (RCS), leading to design a high gain primary-fed offset RA. To minimize the aperture blockage, the main radiation lobe is in the specular direction. The antenna has a maximum gain of 40 dBi and aperture efficiency of 50% over the frequency band 76–77 GHz. First measurements using a 77 GHz radar module were carried out on pavement.
ConfrontingDuch: civil party participation in Case 001 at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
Authors: Stover Eric , Balthazard Mychelle , Koenig K. Alexa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) is unique because it is the first international criminal tribunal to allow victims of alleged crimes to act as civil parties at trial. This means that victims can have a role at the ECCC beyond being called as witnesses. After presenting the history of victim participation in national and international war crimes trials, this article examines how civil party participation shaped the trial proceedings at the ECCC, and how the civil parties viewed their interactions with the court. It concludes by reflecting on the positive and negative aspects of civil party participation in theDuchtrial, and what implications such participation may have for future trials at the ECCC and other international criminal courts.
Elevated foraminifera‐bound nitrogen isotopic composition during the last ice age in the South China Sea and its global and regional implications
Authors: Ren Haojia , Sigman Daniel M. , Chen Min‐Te , Kao Shuh‐Ji 
Published: February 2012

We report a new foraminifera‐boundδ15N (FB‐δ15N) record from the South China Sea (SCS) extending back to 42 ka. This record shows a ∼1.2‰ glacial‐to‐interglacialδ15N decrease, with a deglacial δ15N maximum similar to that observed in many bulk sedimentary δ15N records and in a Caribbean FB‐δ15N record. The glacial‐to‐interglacialδ15N decrease is smaller than in the Caribbean record, indicating that at least half of the Caribbean δ15N decrease into the Holocene was regional, not global, supporting the interpretation of a Holocene increase in Atlantic nitrogen fixation. At the same time, the glacial‐to‐interglacialδ15N decrease observed in the SCS may also be explained as a regional signal of increasing nitrogen fixation into the Holocene. Other aspects of the SCS record suggest an effect of physical circulation on FB‐δ15N. FB‐δ15N starts to increase toward its deglacial maximum before the last ice age ends, and it continues to decrease through the later Holocene, in contrast to the more pure glacial/deglacial/interglacial steps in the Caribbean record. These changes have parallels in other Pacific δ15N records, precessionally driven East Asian monsoon records, and the slow Holocene warming of SCS surface waters. In addition, the SCS record exhibits two one‐point high‐δ15N spikes in multiple foraminiferal species that coincide with apparent hydrographic events. Thinning or weakening of the thermocline, in the late glacial and early Holocene as well as during the noted events, may have yielded a higher δ15N for thermocline nitrate and thus a higher FB‐δ15N.
Investigation of trends in extreme value wave height and wind speed
Authors: Young I. R. , Vinoth J. , Zieger S. , Babanin A. V. 
Published: February 2012

Global altimeter data spanning a period of more than 20 years is analyzed to determine whether there are measurable trends in extreme value return period estimates of wind speed and wave height. The data is subdivided into sections of 4 years duration and extreme value analysis applied to each section. The trends in values across these sections indicate that there appears to be a positive trend in 100 year return period values of wind speed but no consistent trends for 100 year return period wave height. However, the statistical uncertainty associated with estimates of the extreme value wind speed and wave heights is such that the quantitative values of trend are not reliable. Reliable values will require a longer‐duration data set.
Structure, fluctuation and magnitude of a natural grassland soil metagenome
Authors: Delmont Tom O , Prestat Emmanuel , Keegan Kevin P , Faubladier Michael , Robe Patrick , Clark Ian M , Pelletier Eric , Hirsch Penny R , Meyer Folker , Gilbert Jack A , Le Paslier Denis , Simonet Pascal , Vogel Timothy M 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The soil ecosystem is critical for human health, affecting aspects of the environment from key agricultural and edaphic parameters to critical influence on climate change. Soil has more unknown biodiversity than any other ecosystem. We have applied diverse DNA extraction methods coupled with high throughput pyrosequencing to explore 4.88 × 109 bp of metagenomic sequence data from the longest continually studied soil environment (Park Grass experiment at Rothamsted Research in the UK). Results emphasize important DNA extraction biases and unexpectedly low seasonal and vertical soil metagenomic functional class variations. Clustering-based subsystems and carbohydrate metabolism had the largest quantity of annotated reads assigned although &lt;50% of reads were assigned at an E value cutoff of 10−5. In addition, with the more detailed subsystems, cAMP signaling in bacteria (3.24±0.27% of the annotated reads) and the Ton and Tol transport systems (1.69±0.11%) were relatively highly represented. The most highly represented genome from the database was that for a Bradyrhizobium species. The metagenomic variance created by integrating natural and methodological fluctuations represents a global picture of the Rothamsted soil metagenome that can be used for specific questions and future inter-environmental metagenomic comparisons. However, only 1% of annotated sequences correspond to already sequenced genomes at 96% similarity and E values of &lt;10−5, thus, considerable genomic reconstructions efforts still have to be performed.