bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vieillissement et dévieillissement : un débat européen
Authors: Cagiano de Azevedo Raimondo , Castagnaro Cinzia , Wihtol de Wenden Catherine 
Published: February 2012

Le vieillissement démographique est un phénomène qui se manifeste dans tous les pays développés et qui émerge dans les pays du sud. Il se mesure notamment par le changement de configuration de la pyramide des âges qui passe d'une pyramide conique à une pyramide en colonne et par l'évolution de l'âge médian, qui sépare en deux parts égales la population d'un pays ou de toute autre entité. En Italie, par exemple, l'âge médian est passé de 28 ans en 1951 à 41 ans aujourd'hui : on est donc « jeune » jusqu'à 41 ans, ce que l'on peut définir par le dévieillissement. Paradoxalement, l'âge de la retraite est resté à peu près inchangé, parfois même avec un départ précoce, entre 60 et 65 ans, raccourcissant ainsi l'âge adulte à une période allant de 40 à 65 ans. Dans le même temps être centenaire est devenu fréquent et l'ensemble de l'état-providence se trouve confronté à une population jeune qui vieillit et à une population âgée qui va rajeunir car elle est plus jeune à 70 ans en 2011 qu'il y a 20 ans. Il s'agit là d'un changement radical en deux générations, qui va s'étendre à toutes les populations du monde dans les prochaines décennies.
Identités professionnelles, ethnicité et racisme à l'hôpital : l'exemple de services de gériatrie
Authors: Bertossi Christophe , Prud'homme Dorothée 
Published: February 2012

Cet article propose une analyse de la « diversité » ethnoculturelle à partir d’un questionnement sur la construction des identités sociales en contexte hospitalier. Nous y exposons une série d’hypothèses sur la structure des négociations qui conduisent les membres de l’institution à trouver des compromis à propos des identités professionnelles, de la place de leur institution dans le reste de la société et de la représentation de populations perçues comme minoritaires dans la composition du personnel institutionnel. Ces hypothèses sont ensuite testées par l’analyse d’interactions ordinaires au sein de services gériatriques, entre des professionnels majoritairement « noirs » ou « immigrés » et leurs patients âgés, pour la plupart « blancs » et « natifs de natifs ». Nous constatons que la relation de soin y est perturbée par les usages de catégories raciales et ethniques généralement considérées comme illégitimes dans ce contexte institutionnel, mais que ces perturbations n’empêchent pas la réalisation du soin, priorité des professionnels de santé.
« vieillir » dans deux pays : une situation alimentaire « combinée » pour les migrants retraités « Sénégalais » de Bordeaux
Authors: Crenn Chantal 
Published: February 2012

Notre enquête amorcée depuis 2009 est centrée sur les parcours alimentaires (liés aux parcours de vie) de retraités « sénégalais » des usines Ford et Lu de Bordeaux et de leurs épouses, le plus souvent agents d’entretien. Cette recherche se déroulant au Sénégal et en France permet de présenter la façon dont la confrontation de ces retraités « sénégalais » à d’autres manières de manger, de se soigner, de se préoccuper ou non de son corps lors de leur réinstallation temporaire à Dakar interroge leur identité de « vieux » émigrants mais aussi de « vieux » « immigrés » à Bordeaux.
Vieillir et mourir en Afrique ou en France ? Regards croisés de deux générations d'immigrés subsahariens
Authors: Barou Jacques , Gallou Rémi 
Published: February 2012

L'enquête réalisée auprès de soixante personnes originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne explore les représentations de la vieillesse de parents nés et socialisés en Afrique et de leurs enfants, nés et élevés en France. Pour les premiers, vieillir en Afrique reste positif car c'est acquérir un statut privilégié. La vieillesse en France est au contraire perçue comme un univers de solitude et de déconsidération. Les enfants qui ont une vision idéalisée de la vieillesse en Afrique, n'imaginent ni le retour des parents au pays, ni leur placement en institution. Ils entrevoient déjà les difficultés d'une nouvelle cohabitation. Reste l’éthique du devoir qui unit les deux générations : de solidarité vis-à-vis du pays des ancêtres d'un côté et de gratitude des enfants envers leurs parents de l'autre.
Les antillais retraités en métropole : trajets de vie
Authors: Vaschalde-Florentiny Danièle , Dorion Georges 
Published: February 2012

Ville portuaire et siège, durant les trente glorieuses, d’une industrie en croissance, la ville du Havre a accueilli, depuis les années 50, une population active et jeune issue d’une immigration antillaise encouragée pendant une vingtaine d’années par les pouvoirs politiques. Les différentes phases de cette politique sont ici exposées et les ressorts du choix du Havre pour lieu de retraite sont analysés à la lumière de l’interview d’un échantillon de 32 retraités originaires des Antilles, dont 27 nés en Martinique, ayant choisi de rester dans la région havraise.
De l'art de redonner fierté et efficacité à des fonctionnaires inquiets
Authors: Le Parco Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Une démarche patiente, et inspirée, aboutit à ce que nul ne croyait plus : transformer une administration en voie de déliquescence, en un service administratif performant, avec des agents fiers de leur mission et heureux d’incarner le service public.
ULTRASONIC AIDED EXTRUSION OF CNT- AND CNF-FILLED SBR COMPOUNDS AND PROPERTIES OF THEIR VULCANIZATES
Authors: Choi Jaesun , Isayev Avraam I. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Ultrasonically assisted single screw extrusion of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds filled with multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) up to 20 phr and carbon nanofibers (CNF) up to 35 phr was carried out. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude on processing characteristics, rheology, extractable amount, vulcanization behavior, mechanical properties, abrasion, electrical resistivity, and morphology were investigated. Ultrasonically treated compounds showed an increase in viscosity and unextractable content in both CNT- and CNF-filled compounds. A decrease in the induction time of curing with amplitude was observed in CNT-filled compounds. However, the induction time of CNF-filled compounds showed more complex behavior with amplitude. The final cure torque, crosslink density, modulus, and tensile strength showed a maximum at an intermediate amplitude in filled vulcanizates. An increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) and a decrease in tan δ at Tg with amplitude were observed in CNF- and CNT-filled vulcanizates. At the same time, tan δ in the range of 0–60 °C of these vulcanizates showed, respectively, a minimum and a continuous increase with amplitude. CNF-filled vulcanizates exhibited improved abrasion resistance with optimum results at an amplitude of 5.0 μm. The effect diminished with increasing CNF loadings. Improvements in abrasion resistance of CNT-filled vulcanizates were observed at certain amplitudes at low CNT loadings only. Ultrasonic treatment caused a significant reduction in the electrical percolation threshold of CNF- and CNT-filled vulcanizates. Atomic force microscope analysis showed a generation of unique CNT agglomerates by ultrasonic treatment, suggesting an increase of rubber–filler interaction. High resolution scanning electron microscopy analysis of vulcanizates showed better dispersion of ZnO by ultrasonic treatment.
ZINC OXIDE VERSUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE REVISITED. PART 2
Authors: Guzmán Manuel , Vega Berta , Agulló Núria , Borrós Salvador 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Zinc oxide is a widely used compound in the rubber industry due to the excellent properties that it shows as an activator and, consequently, its role in the mechanism of accelerated sulfur vulcanization has been extensively studied. Due to the increased concern about its environmental effects, several research studies have been carried out in order to substitute it with different metal oxides such us MgO. The effect of the activator system in order to minimize the environmental impact of the rubber goods has been explored. The work developed is presented in two parts. In Part 1, the influence of different mixtures of ZnO and MgO in the vulcanization of natural rubber has been investigated. In Part 2 of the study, model compound vulcanization has been used to study the role of MgO on the mechanism to gain a better understanding of the differences shown in the first part.
FUNCTIONALIZATION OF USED TIRE RUBBER BY HYDROSILYLATION
Authors: Banda Madan , Naskar Amit K. , Perera K. Prasanna U. , Moreland Cal , Hodge Tom , Wallace Kevin , Beckham Haskell W. , Smith Dennis W. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A new method for the surface modification of used tire rubber (UTR) is being developed. The method involves hydrosilylation of ground UTR particles with trichlorosilane (TCS) under various reaction conditions. The reaction has been carried out with and without solvents and catalysts (Karsted's/Pt catalyst). TCS treated UTR particles are then hydrolyzed to obtain silanol functionalized hydrosilylated rubber powder. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared, solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis are provided as evidence of hydrosilylation onto rubber particles.
MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE CRITERIA APPLIED TO A POLYCHLOROPRENE RUBBER
Authors: Poisson J. L. , Méo S. , Lacroix F. , Berton G. , Ranganathan N. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Due to their interesting mechanical behavior and their diversity, rubber materials are more and more used in industry. Indeed, formulating a multiaxial fatigue criterion to predict fatigue lives of rubber components constitutes an important objective to conceive rubber products. An experimental campaign is developed here to study the multiaxial fatigue behavior of polychloroprene rubber. To reproduce multiaxial solicitations, combined tension–torsion tests were carried out on a dumbbell-type specimen (an axisymmetric rubber part bonded to metal parts with a reduced section at mid-height), with several values of phase angles between tension and torsion. A constitutive model is needed to calculate multiaxial fatigue criteria, and then analyze fatigue results. A large strain viscoelastic model, based on the tension–torsion kinematics, is then used to determine the material's stress–strain law. Dissipated energy density is introduced as a multiaxial fatigue criterion, and compared with those usually used in the literature. A multiaxial Haigh diagram is then built to observe the influence of Rd-ratio (ratio of the axial displacement's minimum to the axial displacement's maximum) on the multiaxial fatigue lives of polychloroprene rubber.
EFFECT OF ZINC DITHIOCARBAMATES AND THIAZOLE-BASED ACCELERATORS ON THE VULCANIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: Alam Md. Najib , Mandal Swapan Kumar , Debnath Subhas Chandra 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Several zinc dithiocarbamates (ZDCs) as accelerator derived from safe amine has been exclusively studied in the presence of thiazole-based accelerators to introduce safe dithiocarbamate in the vulcanization of natural rubber. Comparison has been made between conventional unsafe zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (ZDMC) with safe novel ZDC combined with thizole-based accelerators in the light of mechanical properties. The study reveals that thiuram disulfide and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) are always formed from the reaction either between ZDC and dibenzothiazyledisulfide (MBTS) or between ZDC and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS). It has been conclusively proved that MBT generated from MBTS or CBS reacts with ZDC and produces tetramethylthiuram disulfide. The observed synergistic activity has been discussed based on the cure and physical data and explained through the results based on high-performance liquid chromatography and a reaction mechanism. Synergistic activity is observed in all binary systems studied. The highest tensile strength is observed in the zinc (N-benzyl piperazino) dithiocarbamate-accelerated system at 3:6 mM ratios. In respect of tensile strength and modulus value, unsafe ZDMC can be successfully replaced by safe ZDCs in combination with thiazole group containing accelerator.
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Pyridines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Pyridine
N
‐Oxides
Authors: Campeau Louis‐Charles , Fagnou Keith 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Palladium acetate

P

t

Bu
3
‐
HBF
4

Pyridine
N
‐oxide

4‐Bromotoluene

Potassium carbonate

Zinc

2‐(4’‐Methylphenyl)‐pyridine
Synthesis of Lithium 2‐Pyridyltriolborate and its Cross‐Coupling Reaction with Aryl Halides
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Sugai Juugaku , Takizawa Miho , Miyaura Norio 
Published: February 2012

Abstract2‐BromopyridineTriisopropyl boraten‐Butyllithium1,1,1‐Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethaneLithium 2‐pyridiltriolborateMethyl 4‐bromobenzoateMethyl 4‐(2‐pyridyl)benzoateDichloro[1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]palladiumTriphenylphosphine
Preparation of Isopropyl 2‐Diazoacetyl(Phenyl)Carbamate
Authors: Muchalski Huikai , Doody Amanda B , Troyer Timothy L , Johnston Jeffrey N 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Isopropyl chloroformate

Aniline

Triethylamine

n‐
Butyllithium

Acetic anhydride

1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexamethyldisilazane

Isopropyl acetyl(phenyl)carbamate

2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl trifluoroacetate

4‐Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide

Carbamic acid

N
‐(2‐diazoacetyl)‐
N
‐phenyl‐

1‐methylethyl ester
Lithiated Primary Alkyl Carbamates for the Homologation of Boronic Esters
Authors: Webster Matthew P. , Partridge Benjamin M. , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

N,N
‐Diisopropyl‐carbamic acid 3‐phenyl‐propyl ester

Isobutylboronic acid pinacol ester (
R
)‐5‐Methyl‐1‐phenylhexan‐3‐ol 3‐Phenylpropan‐1‐ol
N,N
‐Diisopropylcarbamoyl chloride

Triethylamine

Isobutylboronic acid

Pinacol
sec‐
Butyllithium (—)‐Sparteine
Enantioselective Three‐Component Reaction for the Preparation of β‐Amino‐α‐Hydroxy Esters
Authors: Zhou Jing , Xu Xinfang , Hu. Wenhao 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Benzaldehyde
p
‐Anisidine

Benzaldehyde‐
p
‐anisidine imine 9‐Anthracenemethanol 9‐Anthraldehyde
R
‐(+)‐1,1’‐Bi‐2‐naphthol, (
R
)‐BINOL (
R
)‐2,2’‐(9‐Phenanthryl)‐BINOL phosphoric acid

Dirhodium tetraacetate dehydrate

Methyl (4‐methoxyphenyl)diazoacetate

4‐Methoxyphenylacetic acid (2
S
, 3
S
)‐Methyl‐2‐(9‐anthryloxy‐methyl)‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐(4‐methoxy‐phenylamino)‐3‐phenylpropanoate
A robust adaptive control architecture for disturbance rejection and uncertainty suppression with L ∞  transient and steady‐state performance guarantees
Authors: Yucelen Tansel , Haddad Wassim M. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new adaptive control architecture for linear and nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems is developed to address the problem of high‐gain adaptive control. Specifically, the proposed framework involves a new and novel controller architecture involving a modification term in the update law that minimizes an error criterion involving the distance between the weighted regressor vector and the weighted system error states. This modification term allows for fast adaptation without hindering system robustness. In particular, we show that the governing tracking closed‐loop system error equation approximates a Hurwitz linear time‐invariant dynamical system with input–output signals. This key feature of our framework allows for robust stability analysis of the proposed adaptive control law using system theory. We further show that by properly choosing the design parameters in the modification term, we can guarantee a desired bandwidth of the adaptive controller, guaranteed transient closed‐loop performance, and an a priori characterization of the size of the ultimate bound of the closed‐loop system trajectories. Several illustrative numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achieving High Mid‐IR Bolometric Responsivity for Anisotropic Composite Materials from Carbon Nanotubes and Polymers
Authors: Glamazda Alexander Y. , Karachevtsev Victor. A. , Euler William B. , Levitsky Igor A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn anisotropic carbon nanotube (CNT)‐polymer composite for bolometric applications in the mid‐IR spectral range (2.5–20 μm) is studied. Composite alignment in conjunction with non‐uniform distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrix allows for a significant enhancement of the temperature coefficient of resistance (0.82% K−1) with respect to uniform composite (0.24% K−1). As a result a responsivity of ≈ 500 V W−1 is reached, which is the highest for CNT‐based bolometers reported to date. Such remarkable optical and thermal characteristics are explained in terms of fluctuation tunneling theory taking into account the composite anisotropy and the gradient of the CNT concentration. Flatness of the photoresponse in the broad spectral mid‐IR range and enhanced responsivity provide a great potential for the use of such novel composite for applications in IR spectroscopy and thermal imaging.
Persistency with zoledronic acid is associated with clinical benefit in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Henk Henry J. , Teitelbaum April , Perez Jose Ricardo , Kaura Satyin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractZoledronic acid (ZOL), an intravenous bisphosphonate, has been shown to reduce and delay the incidence of skeletal‐related events (SREs) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with bone disease. A retrospective claims‐based analysis was conducted that used two distinct US managed care databases to examine the relationship between persistency with ZOL and clinical benefit. Patients >18 years, diagnosed with MM, and with at least one claim for ZOL (or a claim for malignant bone disease and ZOL initiation within 30 days) between 1/1/2001 and 12/31/2006 were included. Patients were evaluated for incidence of SREs and for mortality. Treatment persistency was defined as the absence of a >45 day gap between ZOL administrations. Of 1,655 patients in this analysis, 1,060 received ZOL and 595 received no intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. Compared with patients not receiving bisphosphonate therapy, ZOL‐treated patients had lower incidences of SREs (P < 0.0001) and death (P = 0.0001). Longer persistency with ZOL was associated with lower risks of SREs (P = 0.001), fracture (P = 0.003), and death (P = 0.002) versus shorter persistency. Patients who were persistent with ZOL for ≥1.5 years had an incidence of 15.0 SREs and 6.2 fractures per 100 person‐years. Patients who were persistent for 31–90 days had an incidence of 24.6 SREs and 14.0 fractures per 100 person‐years, and patients not receiving intravenous bisphosphonates had an incidence of 32.2 SREs and 16.9 fractures per 100 person‐years. These data from a real‐world setting indicate that among MM patients, longer persistency with ZOL was associated with a lower risk of SREs and fracture. Am. J. Hematol. 87:490–495, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissociation of periodic leg movements from arousals in restless legs syndrome
Authors: Manconi Mauro , Ferri Raffaele , Zucconi Marco , Bassetti Claudio L. , Fulda Stephany , Aricò Debora , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to characterize the nature of the relation between periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) and cortical arousals to contribute to the debate on the clinical significance and treatment of PLMS.Methods:A prospective, placebo‐controlled, single‐blind, parallel group study was carried out including 46 drug‐naive patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS). Each patient underwent 2 consecutive full‐night polysomnographic studies. The first night was the baseline night. Prior to the second night, 1 group received a single oral dose of 0.25mg pramipexole, whereas a second group received a single oral dose of 0.5mg clonazepam, and the remaining patients received placebo. Sleep stages, cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), and leg movement activity were scored following standard criteria; symptoms of RLS were also assessed.Results:Pramipexole suppressed PLMS without affecting electroencephalographic (EEG) instability (CAP) and arousals (corresponding to CAP A3 and, partially, A2 subtypes), whereas clonazepam did the opposite, reducing non‐rapid eye movement sleep EEG instability without effects on PLMS. Both drugs were effective on sensory RLS symptoms.Interpretation:This study demonstrates that a selective pharmacological approach can disconnect PLMS from arousal events, suggesting an indirect relation between each other. These results might weaken the hypothesis of a direct pathological role of PLMS in sleep disruption and can be important for the discussion on the existence of a distinct entity called periodic limb movements disorder. Moreover, the study opens the doors to the possibility of a joint treatment for RLS targeting sensory and motor symptoms, as well as sleep instability. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:834–844
Functional magnetic resonance imaging detection of vascular reactivity in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Dumas Andrew , Dierksen Gregory A. , Gurol M. Edip , Halpin Amy , Martinez‐Ramirez Sergi , Schwab Kristin , Rosand Jonathan , Viswanathan Anand , Salat David H. , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Greenberg Steven M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:In addition to its role in hemorrhagic stroke, advanced cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is also associated with ischemic lesions and vascular cognitive impairment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to identify CAA‐associated vascular dysfunction.Methods:Functional MRI was performed on 25 nondemented subjects with probable CAA (mean ± standard deviation age, 70.2 ± 7.8 years) and 12 healthy elderly controls (age, 75.3 ± 6.2 years). Parameters measured were reactivity to visual stimulation (quantified as blood oxygen level‐dependent [BOLD] response amplitude, time to peak response, and time to return to baseline after stimulus cessation) and resting absolute cerebral blood flow in the visually activated region (measured by arterial spin labeling).Results:CAA subjects demonstrated reduced response amplitude (percentage change in BOLD signal, 0.65 ± 0.28 vs 0.89 ± 0.14; p < 0.01), prolonged time to peak (11.1 ± 5.1 vs 6.4 ± 1.8 seconds; p < 0.001), and prolonged time to baseline (16.5 ± 6.7 vs 11.6 ± 3.1 seconds; p < 0.001) relative to controls. These differences were independent of age, sex, and hypertension in multivariable analysis and were also present in secondary analyses excluding nonresponsive voxels or voxels containing chronic blood products. Within the CAA group, longer time to peak correlated with overall volume of white matter T2 hyperintensity (Pearson correlation, 0.53; p = 0.007). Absolute resting blood flow in visual cortex, in contrast, was essentially identical between the groups (44.0 ± 12.6 vs 45.0 ± 10.0ml/100g/min, p = 0.8).Interpretation:Functional MRI identifies robust differences in both amplitude and timing of the response to visual stimulation in advanced CAA. These findings point to potentially powerful approaches for identifying the mechanistic links between vascular amyloid deposits, vascular dysfunction, and CAA‐related brain injury. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:76–81
Somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in early parkinson and incidental lewy body disease
Authors: Lin Michael T. , Cantuti‐Castelvetri Ippolita , Zheng Kangni , Jackson Katie E. , Tan Yong B. , Arzberger Thomas , Lees Andrew J. , Betensky Rebecca A. , Beal M. Flint , Simon David K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSomatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are hypothesized to play a role in Parkinson disease (PD), but large increases in mtDNA mutations have not previously been found in PD, potentially because neurons with high mutation levels degenerate and thus are absent in late stage tissue. To address this issue, we studied early stage PD cases and cases of incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD), which is thought to represent presymptomatic PD. We show for the first time that mtDNA mutation levels in substantia nigra neurons are significantly elevated in this group of early PD and ILBD cases. Ann Neurol 2012;71:850–854