bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR-07: Stress management improves prevention relevant outcomes among women at risk for breast cancer
Authors: McGregor Bonnie A. , Albano Denise L. , Dolan Emily D. , Ceballos Rachel M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Many psychosocial intervention studies have focused on treating cancer survivors, but less attention has been focused on those at risk for cancer. Women with a family history of breast cancer can't control their familial risk for cancer, but there are a number of risk-related factors they can control. These include immune function, body weight, diet, and physical activity. Psychological distress modulates all of these. If psychological distress is associated with poor immune function, poor diet, decreased physical activity, and increased BMI, reducing psychological distress should be associated with improved immune function, improved diet, increased physical activity, and lower BMI. We randomized 104 women (mean age 43 (SD=10.7), 87% white, mean education 17 years (SD 2.3)) with a family history of breast cancer who were also reporting elevated levels of distress to receive a cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention or wait list control. CBSM women reported decreased distress, improved antibody response to Hepatitis A vaccine, decreased fat consumption, increased fiber consumption, increased leisure time physical activity, and a slight decrease in BMI over the 7 month course of the study that was significant when compared to the increased BMI among the waitlist control group women (all p's&lt;.05). Cognitive behavioral stress management modulates outcomes important for cancer risk reduction among stressed women at increased risk for breast cancer due to family history. Cognitive behavioral stress management should be considered when counseling high risk women about managing their breast cancer risk.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):PR-07.
Simulated Relationships between Sea Surface Temperatures and Tropical Convection in Climate Models and Their Implications for Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Evans Jenni L. , Waters Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The impact of enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentrations on tropical convection and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the global tropics is assessed using five fully coupled atmospheric–oceanic general circulation models (AOGCMs). Relationships between SST and either outgoing longwave radiation or convective precipitation rates are evaluated for three climate states: present day, a doubled-CO2 scenario, and a quadrupled-CO2 scenario. All AOGCMs capture a relationship between present-day outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and SST and between convective precipitation rate (PRC) and SST: deep tropical convection (DTC)—signified by rapidly decreasing OLR and rapidly increasing PRC rates—occurs above an SST threshold of around 25°C. Consistent across all AOGCMs, as concentrations increase to 2 × CO2 and 4 × CO2, the threshold SSTs for DTC to occur shift to 25.5°–28°C and 26.5°–30°C, respectively. Annual PRC rates in the 20°N–20°S region increase for two AOGCMs [Meteorological Research Institute Coupled General Circulation Model, version 2.3.2 (MRI CGCM2.3.2) and ECHAM5/Max Planck Institute Ocean Model (MPI-OM)] with increasing CO2, but PRC in the other three AOGCMs [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model versions 2.0 and 2.1 (GFDL CM2.0 and CM2.1) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Parallel Climate Model (PCM)] exhibits almost no change. Within this tropical zone, increased CO2 concentrations yield up to a 6.1% increase in the number of locations with monthly averaged PRC exceeding two established DTC thresholds (12 and 14 mm day−1). These results indicate that, although the SST threshold for DTC is projected to shift with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, there will not be an expansion of regions experiencing DTC. One implication of these findings is that there will be little change in regions experiencing tropical cyclogenesis in future climate states.
Cloud Properties over the North Slope of Alaska: Identifying the Prevailing Meteorological Regimes
Authors: Mülmenstädt Johannes , Lubin Dan , Russell Lynn M. , Vogelmann Andrew M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLong time series of Arctic atmospheric measurements are assembled into meteorological categories that can serve as test cases for climate model evaluation. The meteorological categories are established by applying an objective k-means clustering algorithm to 11 years of standard surface-meteorological observations collected from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2010 at the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site of the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM). Four meteorological categories emerge. These meteorological categories constitute the first classification by meteorological regime of a long time series of Arctic meteorological conditions. The synoptic-scale patterns associated with each category, which include well-known synoptic features such as the Aleutian low and Beaufort Sea high, are used to explain the conditions at the NSA site. Cloud properties, which are not used as inputs to the k-means clustering, are found to differ significantly between the regimes and are also well explained by the synoptic-scale influences in each regime. Since the data available at the ARM NSA site include a wealth of cloud observations, this classification is well suited for model–observation comparison studies. Each category comprises an ensemble of test cases covering a representative range in variables describing atmospheric structure, moisture content, and cloud properties. This classification is offered as a complement to standard case-study evaluation of climate model parameterizations, in which models are compared against limited realizations of the Earth–atmosphere system (e.g., from detailed aircraft measurements).
Surface Energy Balance Framework for Arctic Amplification of Climate Change
Authors: Lesins Glen , Duck Thomas J. , Drummond James R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Using 22 Canadian radiosonde stations from 1971 to 2010, the annually averaged surface air temperature trend amplification ranged from 1.4 to 5.2 relative to the global average warming of 0.17°C decade−1. The amplification factors exhibit a strong latitudinal dependence varying from 2.6 to 5.2 as the latitude increases from 50° to 80°N. The warming trend has a strong seasonal dependence with the greatest warming taking place from September to April. The monthly variations in the warming trend are shown to be related to the surface-based temperature inversion strength and the mean monthly surface air temperatures.
The surface energy balance (SEB) equation is used to relate the response of the surface temperature to changes in the surface energy fluxes. Based on the SEB analysis, there are four contributing factors to Arctic amplification: 1) a larger change in net downward radiation at the Arctic surface compared to the global average; 2) a larger snow and soil conductive heat flux change than the global average; 3) weaker sensible and latent heat flux responses that result in a larger surface temperature response in the Arctic; and 4) a colder skin temperature compared to the global average, which forces a larger surface warming to achieve the same increase in upward longwave radiation. The observed relationships between the Canadian station warming trends and both the surface-based inversion strength and the surface air temperature are shown to be consistent with the SEB analysis. Measurements of conductive flux were not available at these stations.
Objectively Determined Fair-Weather CBL Depths in the ARW-WRF Model and Their Comparison to CASES-97 Observations
Authors: LeMone Margaret A. , Tewari Mukul , Chen Fei , Dudhia Jimy 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
High-resolution 24-h runs of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model are used to test eight objective methods for estimating convective boundary layer (CBL) depth h, using four planetary boundary layer schemes: Yonsei University (YSU), Mellor–Yamada–Janjic (MYJ), Bougeault–LaCarrere (BouLac), and quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE). The methods use thresholds of virtual potential temperature Θυ, turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), Θυ,z, or Richardson number. Those that identify h consistent with values found subjectively from modeled Θυ profiles are used for comparisons to fair-weather observations from the 1997 Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study (CASES-97).
The best method defines h as the lowest level at which Θυ,z = 2 K km−1, working for all four schemes, with little sensitivity to horizontal grid spacing. For BouLac, MYJ, and QNSE, TKE thresholds did poorly for runs with 1- and 3-km grid spacing, producing irregular h growth not consistent with Θυ-profile evolution. This resulted from the vertical velocity W associated with resolved CBL eddies: for W &gt; 0, TKE profiles were deeper and Θυ profiles more unstable than for W &lt; 0. For the 1-km runs, 25-point spatial averaging was needed for reliable TKE-based h estimates, but thresholds greater than free-atmosphere values were sensitive to horizontal grid spacing. Matching Θυ(h) to Θυ(0.05h) or Θυ at the first model level were often successful, but the absence of eddies for 9-km grids led to more unstable Θυ profiles and often deeper h.
Values of h for BouLac, MYJ, and QNSE, are mostly smaller than observed, with YSU values close to slightly high, consistent with earlier results.
Effect of calcium stearates and zinc stearates on polyene formation of poly(vinyl chloride) under degradation
Authors: Wang Ming , Li Haixia , Tang Xing , Huang Xingliang 
Published: June 2012

The effect of calcium stearates (CaSt2) and zinc stearates (ZnSt2) on polyene formation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was investigated by gel content, ultraviolet (UV)–visible, Fourier transform infrared and static stability analyses. The linear polyene sequences are preferred to form in pure PVC and the PVC/CaSt2 mixture during degradation, and while crosslinking polyene is found in the PVC/ZnSt2 and PVC/ZnSt2/CaSt2 mixtures. The gel content increases with first high slope of 39.80 and second low slope of 7.37 in the PVC/ZnSt2 mixture. The crosslinking degree reaches 41.62%, when adding 3 phr ZnSt2. For the PVC/ZnSt2/CaSt2 mixture, the crosslinking reaction is delayed by CaSt2 because of their synergistic effect.
Association of catalase gene polymorphisms with catalase activity and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in the Suez Canal area, Egypt
Authors: Ghaly MS , Ghattas MH , Labib SM 
Published: June 2012

The present study evaluated the relationship of genetic variants in both promoter (−262 C/T) and in exonic (389 C/T) regions of the catalase (CAT) gene to CAT activity and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Suez Canal-area patients. CAT gene polymorphisms were assessed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). CAT activity was measured by using a spectrophotometer. We compared the frequencies of CAT 389 C/T and −262 C/T polymorphic variants between SLE patients ( n = 103) and healthy controls ( n = 103). CAT 389 C/T is associated with SLE susceptibility, with the T allele being significantly more frequent among SLE patients than healthy controls. There was no association, however, between CAT activity and genotypes of 389 C/T. We did not observe significant differences in the prevalence of CAT −262 C/T polymorphic variants in SLE patients and controls, however, we found that patients with the CAT −262 CT and TT genotypes had low CAT activity, and these genotypes showed a significant association with thrombocytopaenia, leukopaenia and the presence of anti-snRNP in SLE patients. In conclusion, the present study supports the notion of in vivo oxidative stress in SLE as indicated by the decrease in CAT activity. The allelic variations in the CAT gene −262 are more likely to affect the expression or the function of the enzyme. Since CAT may be pathogenetically linked to SLE, and owing to its free-radical origin, it appears reasonable to target lipid peroxidation by dietary and/or pharmacological antioxidants.
Periventricular venous density in multiple sclerosis is inversely associated with T2 lesion count: a 7 Tesla MRI study
Authors: Sinnecker Tim , Bozin Ivan , Dörr Jan , Pfueller Caspar F , Harms Lutz , Niendorf Thoralf , Brandt Alexander U , Paul Friedemann , Wuerfel Jens 
Published: June 2012

Background: Damage to venules in multiple sclerosis was first described decades ago. Today, ultrahigh magnetic field strength T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques depict very small cerebral veins in vivo with great anatomical detail. Objective: We aimed to investigate alterations of periventricular small blood vessel appearance in relation to T2 lesion count and distribution in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome in comparison with healthy control subjects at 7 Tesla MRI. Methods: We investigated 38 patients (including 16 with early multiple sclerosis and seven with clinically isolated syndrome) and 22 matched healthy controls at 7 Tesla. The protocol included T2*-weighted Fast Low Angle Shot, and T2-weighted Turbo Inversion Recovery Magnitude sequences. We quantified periventricular venous density by a novel region-of-interest-based algorithm, expressing the ratio of ‘veins per region-of-interest’ as well as of ‘periventricular vascular area’. Results: Our study revealed significantly decreased venous density in multiple sclerosis patients compared with healthy controls. Venous alterations were already detectable in clinically isolated syndrome and early multiple sclerosis, although to a smaller extent. Venous density correlated inversely with periventricular and whole-brain T2 lesion count. Furthermore, we found no indication for cerebral venous congestion in multiple sclerosis. Conclusion: High spatially resolving anatomical T2*-weighted MRI revealed vascular alterations in early stages of multiple sclerosis, presumably as a part of widespread haemodynamic and metabolic alterations.
Identification of human germinal center light and dark zone cells and their relationship to human B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Victora Gabriel D. , Dominguez-Sola David , Holmes Antony B. , Deroubaix Stephanie , Dalla-Favera Riccardo , Nussenzweig Michel C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGerminal centers (GCs) are sites of B-cell clonal expansion, hypermutation, and selection. GCs are polarized into dark (DZ) and light zones (LZ), a distinction that is of key importance to GC selection. However, the difference between the B cells in each of these zones in humans remains unclear. We show that, as in mice, CXCR4 and CD83 can be used to distinguish human LZ and DZ cells. Using these markers, we show that LZ and DZ cells in mice and humans differ only in the expression of characteristic “activation” and “proliferation” programs, suggesting that these populations represent alternating states of a single-cell type rather than distinct differentiation stages. In addition, LZ/DZ transcriptional profiling shows that, with the exception of “molecular” Burkitt lymphomas, nearly all human B-cell malignancies closely resemble LZ cells, which has important implications for our understanding of the molecular programs of lymphomagenesis.
Evolutionary genomics of mycovirus-related dsRNA viruses reveals cross-family horizontal gene transfer and evolution of diverse viral lineages
Authors: Liu Huiquan , Fu Yanping , Xie Jiatao , Cheng Jiasen , Ghabrial Said A , Li Guoqing , Peng Youliang , Yi Xianhong , Jiang Daohong 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Double-stranded (ds) RNA fungal viruses are typically isometric single-shelled particles that are classified into three families, Totiviridae, Partitiviridae and Chrysoviridae, the members of which possess monopartite, bipartite and quadripartite genomes, respectively. Recent findings revealed that mycovirus-related dsRNA viruses are more diverse than previously recognized. Although an increasing number of viral complete genomic sequences have become available, the evolution of these diverse dsRNA viruses remains to be clarified. This is particularly so since there is little evidence for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) among dsRNA viruses.

Results
In this study, we report the molecular properties of two novel dsRNA mycoviruses that were isolated from a field strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sunf-M: one is a large monopartite virus representing a distinct evolutionary lineage of dsRNA viruses; the other is a new member of the family Partitiviridae. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and genome comparison revealed that there are at least ten monopartite, three bipartite, one tripartite and three quadripartite lineages in the known dsRNA mycoviruses and that the multipartite lineages have possibly evolved from different monopartite dsRNA viruses. Moreover, we found that homologs of the S7 Domain, characteristic of members of the genus phytoreovirus in family Reoviridae are widely distributed in diverse dsRNA viral lineages, including chrysoviruses, endornaviruses and some unclassified dsRNA mycoviruses. We further provided evidence that multiple HGT events may have occurred among these dsRNA viruses from different families.

Conclusions
Our study provides an insight into the phylogeny and evolution of mycovirus-related dsRNA viruses and reveals that the occurrence of HGT between different virus species and the development of multipartite genomes during evolution are important macroevolutionary mechanisms in dsRNA viruses.
Yeast glucose pathways converge on the transcriptional regulation of trehalose biosynthesis
Authors: Apweiler Eva , Sameith Katrin , Margaritis Thanasis , Brabers Nathalie , van de Pasch Loes , Bakker Linda V , van Leenen Dik , Holstege Frank CP , Kemmeren Patrick 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundCellular glucose availability is crucial for the functioning of most biological processes. Our understanding of the glucose regulatory system has been greatly advanced by studying the model organismSaccharomyces cerevisiae, but many aspects of this system remain elusive. To understand the organisation of the glucose regulatory system, we analysed 91 deletion mutants of the different glucose signalling and metabolic pathways inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing DNA microarrays.ResultsIn general, the mutations do not induce pathway-specific transcriptional responses. Instead, one main transcriptional response is discerned, which varies in direction to mimic either a high or a low glucose response. Detailed analysis uncovers established and new relationships within and between individual pathways and their members. In contrast to signalling components, metabolic components of the glucose regulatory system are transcriptionally more frequently affected. A new network approach is applied that exposes the hierarchical organisation of the glucose regulatory system.ConclusionsThe tight interconnection between the different pathways of the glucose regulatory system is reflected by the main transcriptional response observed. Tps2 and Tsl1, two enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the storage carbohydrate trehalose, are predicted to be the most downstream transcriptional components. Epistasis analysis oftps2Δ double mutants supports this prediction. Although based on transcriptional changes only, these results suggest that all changes in perceived glucose levels ultimately lead to a shift in trehalose biosynthesis.
Phosphate starvation of maize inhibits lateral root formation and alters gene expression in the lateral root primordium zone
Authors: Li Zhaoxia , Xu Changzheng , Li Kunpeng , Yan Shi , Qu Xun , Zhang Juren 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms. Maize (Zea mays) is an important human food, animal feed and energy crop throughout the world, and enormous quantities of phosphate fertilizer are required for maize cultivation. Thus, it is important to improve the efficiency of the use of phosphate fertilizer for maize.

Results
In this study, we analyzed the maize root response to phosphate starvation and performed a transcriptomic analysis of the 1.0-1.5 cm lateral root primordium zone. In the growth of plants, the root-to-shoot ratio (R/L) was reduced in both low-phosphate (LP) and sufficient-phosphate (SP) solutions, but the ratio (R/L) exhibited by the plants in the LP solution was higher than that of the SP plants. The growth of primary roots was slightly promoted after 6 days of phosphate starvation, whereas the numbers of lateral roots and lateral root primordia were significantly reduced, and these differences were increased when associated with the stress caused by phosphate starvation. Among the results of a transcriptomic analysis of the maize lateral root primordium zone, there were two highlights: 1) auxin signaling participated in the response and the modification of root morphology under low-phosphate conditions, which may occur via local concentration changes due to the biosynthesis and transport of auxin, and LOB domain proteins may be an intermediary between auxin signaling and root morphology; and 2) the observed retardation of lateral root development was the result of co-regulation of DNA replication, transcription, protein synthesis and degradation and cell growth.

Conclusions
These results indicated that maize roots show a different growth pattern than Arabidopsis under low-phosphate conditions, as the latter species has been observed to halt primary root growth when the root tip comes into contact with low-phosphate media. Moreover, our findings enrich our understanding of plant responses to phosphate deficits and of root morphogenesis in maize.
A net clinical benefit analysis of warfarin and aspirin on stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nested case–control study
Authors: Azoulay Laurent , Dell’Aniello Sophie , Simon Teresa A , Langleben David , Renoux Christel , Suissa Samy 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
As the management of patients treated with anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs entails balancing coagulation levels, we evaluated the net clinical benefit of warfarin and aspirin on stroke in a large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods
A population-based cohort study of all patients at least 18 years of age with a first-ever diagnosis of chronic AF during the period 1993–2008 was conducted within the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. A nested case–control analysis was conducted to estimate the risk of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage associated with the use of warfarin and aspirin. Cases were matched up to 10 controls on age, sex, and date of cohort entry. The adjusted net clinical benefit of warfarin and aspirin (expressed as the number of strokes prevented per 100 persons per year) was calculated by subtracting the ischemic stroke rate (prevented by therapy) from the intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) rate (increased by therapy).

Results
The cohort included 70,766 patients newly-diagnosed with chronic AF, of whom 5519 experienced an ischemic stroke and 689 an ICH during follow-up. The adjusted net clinical benefit of warfarin was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.73). However, the benefit was not seen for patients below (0.08, 95%: -0.38, 0.54) and above (−0.49, 95% CI: -1.13, 0.15) therapeutic range. The net clinical benefit of warfarin, apparent after 3 months of continuous use, increased as a function of CHADS2 score. The net clinical benefit was not significant with aspirin (−0.07, 95% CI: -0.22, 0.08), though it was seen in certain subgroups.

Conclusions
Warfarin provides a net clinical benefit in patients with atrial fibrillation, which is maintained with longer duration of use, particularly when used within therapeutic range. A similar net effect is not as clear with aspirin.