bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is wrong with unarticulated constituents?
Authors: Zouhar Marián 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
It is quite popular nowadays to postulate various kinds of unarticulated constituents that have essential bearing on truth conditions of utterances. F. Recanati champions an elaborated version of contextualism according to which one has to distinguish two kinds of unarticulated constituents: those that are articulated at the level of the logical form of a given sentence and those that are truly unarticulated. Recanati offers a theory which explains the manner of incorporating truly unarticulated constituents into the propositions expressed. This theory invokes variadic functions. The present paper shows that variadic functions are unnecessary because no constituents are truly unarticulated in the sense assumed by Recanati. An alternative explanation is offered according to which all propositional constituents are either explicitly or implicitly represented at the syntactic level.
The Is-Ought Problem, the Open Question Argument, and the new science of morality
Authors: Bělohrad Radim 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The article deals with a recent attack by Sam Harris on two famous arguments that purport to establish a gap between factual and evaluative statements—Hume’s Is-Ought Problem and Moore’s Open Question Argument. I present the arguments, analyze the relationship between them and critically assess Harris’ attempt to refute them. I conclude that Harris’ attempt fails.
Is Rorty a linguistic idealist?
Authors: Marvan Tomáš 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The paper addresses the recurrent charge that Richard Rorty is a “linguistic idealist”. I show what the charge consists of and try to explain that there is a charitable reading of Rorty’s works, according to which he is not guilty of linguistic idealism. This reading draws on Putnam’s well-known conception of “internal realism” and accounts for the causal independence of the world on our linguistic practices. I also show how we can reconcile this causal independence of things and the sense of our discourse being guided by them with our autonomy with regard to the construction of various “vocabularies” with which we describe, or cope with, reality. In the final part, I address in some detail Rorty’s animadversions concerning the idea of the intrinsic nature of reality. I show them to be only partly successful.
The linguistic-pragmatic turn in the history of philosophy
Authors: Ralston Shane 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Did the pragmatic turn encompass the linguistic turn in the history of philosophy? Or was the linguistic turn a turn away from pragmatism? Some commentators identify the so-called “eclipse” of pragmatism by analytic philosophy, especially during the Cold War era, as a turn away from pragmatist thinking. However, the historical evidence suggests that this narrative is little more than a myth. Pragmatism persisted, transforming into a more analytic variety under the influence of Quine and Putnam and, more recently, a continental version in the hands of Richard Rorty and Cornel West. In this paper, I argue that proof of the linguistic turn’s presence as a moment in a broader pragmatic turn in philosophy can be garnered from close examination of a single article, W. V. O. Quine’s “Two Dogmas of Empiricism,” and a single issue: whether the analytic-synthetic distinction is philosophically defensible.
Local disposition to environmental protection, poverty alleviation and other issues in the sustainable development agenda in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olumekun Victor , Ige Emmanuel 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Sustainable development is the global agenda designed to ensure that the world’s climate is not irretrievably damaged and future generations have equal access to the world’s resources for their own development. The institutionalisation of measures to promote sustainable development has however not had unanimous cooperation. This study therefore investigated the attitude of officials at the local government level to topical issues in the sustainable development agenda in Ondo State, Nigeria, as a pointer to entrenched attitudes in the Third World. Prioritisation of issues varied between localities but premium was placed on poverty alleviation more than on climate change or power generation. People were more concerned with the improvement of their general well-being including health. Respondents indicated that most of the topical issues on the sustainable development agenda could be addressed at the local level thereby lending support for the notion that local action can contribute to global action. However, inclusive measures to promote positive action need to be institutionalised.
Determination of the pore size of woven structures through image analysis
Authors: Angelova R. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The paper presents an experimental procedure developed for determination of the pore size, shape and distribution in a single layer woven fabric, for the construction of a virtual model to be incorporated in a future CFD software package. The procedure is based on non-destructive observation and analysis of woven samples. 14 different samples of gray fabrics of 100 % cotton in plain and twill weaves are investigated. The results obtained allow the creation of reality more realistic virtual model of the woven structure, and theoretical investigation of its porosity and permeability through computer simulation.
Salter-Harris type III fractures of the distal humerus in two dogs
Authors: Radke H. , Langley-Hobbs S. J. , Hayes G. M. 
Published: September 2011

SummarySalter-Harris type III fractures of the distal humerus in a four-month-old male Labrador Retriever and a male crossbreed dog (estimated to be 3.5-months-old) are reported. Both fractures were treated with open reduction and interfragmentary compression by lag screw fixation. Both fractures healed and full limb use was regained at four weeks postoperatively.The occurrence of this unusual fracture type may be related to the physeal closure pattern of the distal humeral physis, and a different mechanism of injury compared to the more common Salter-Harris type IV fracture seen in this region.
Obturator nerve impingement as a severe late complication of bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy
Authors: Tong K. , Hayashi K. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryA four-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever, which had undergone bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) at the age of eight months, was presented with severe progressive shifting pelvic limb lameness for a duration of three months prior to presentation. The dog had multiple episodes of showing signs of excruciating pain, as well as an inability to rise or ambulate, inappetance, and lethargy. Orthopaedic examination revealed severe bilateral pelvic limb muscular atrophy, and signs of severe pain on abduction of the pelvic limbs, on rectal palpation ventrally, and on palpation of the region of the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles bilaterally. Surgery was indicated to explore the region and to release the pectineus and iliopsoas muscles. During surgery, callus tissue and the free section of pubic bone were found to be impinging on the obturator nerve at the previous TPO pubic osteotomy site bilaterally. On both sides, a 1 to 2 cm segment of pubis and fibrous callus tissue were excised and the obturator nerves were freed from the impingement. Immediately after the surgery, the patient’s stance and gait were dramatically improved. The dog could maintain a much broader based stance and make longer strides with the pelvic limbs. At the two month follow-up examination, there were not any signs of lameness noted. Obturator nerve impingement can be a serious potential complication of TPO and may manifest clinically as marked pelvic limb lameness years after surgery.
Traumatic craniolateral shoulder luxation and fracture of the lesser tubercle of the humerus in a dog
Authors: Bergh M. S. , Huck J. L. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryA five-year old, spayed female, Bearded Collie was presented with a 24-hour history of non-weight-bearing lameness of the right thoracic limb after sustaining vehicular trauma. Radio-graphs revealed a craniolateral scapulohumeral luxation and a distally and medially displaced fracture of the lesser tubercle of the humerus. Open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture was achieved with lag screw fixation and an anti-rotational Kirsch-ner wire. Surgical repair resulted in compression across the fracture line, anatomic reduction of the articular surface, and a stable scapulohumeral joint following reduction of the humeral head in the glenoid. Six weeks postoperatively, the patient exhibited no evidence of pain or lameness on the right thoracic limb and radiographs revealed complete healing of the fracture and normal articulation of the scapulohumeral joint. This is the first report of a lesser tubercle fracture associated with a craniolateral shoulder luxation. Surgical intervention resulted in the return of full shoulder joint function in this dog.
Single cycle to failure in torsion of three standard and five locking plate constructs
Authors: Cabassu J. B. , Kowaleski M. P. , Shorinko J. K. , Blake C. A. , Gaudette G. R. , Boudrieau R. J. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjectives: The biomechanical properties of standard plates and recently designed locking plates were compared in torsion. We hypothesized that titanium (Ti) constructs would have the greatest deformation, and String of Pearls (SOP) constructs the greatest strength and stiffness.Methods: Dynamic compression plates (DCP), stainless steel (SS) limited contact (LC)-DCP, Ti LC-DCP, locking compression plate (LCP), 10 mm and 11 mm Advanced Locking Plate System (ALPS) 10 and 11, SOP and Fixin plates were applied to a validated bone model simulating a bridging osteosynthesis. Yield torque (strength), yield angle (deformation) and stiffness were compared using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey (p <0.05).Results: The ALPS 11 constructs had significantly greater elastic deformation than all constructs except for the ALPS 10. There were not any differences in strength observed except for the ALPS 10 constructs, which was less than that for the SOP, LCP, DCP and ALPS 11 constructs. No differences in construct torsional stiffness were observed with the SS LCDCP, DCP, LCP and SOP constructs however all had greater stiffness than all remaining constructs. The ALPS 10 construct had lower stiffness than all constructs.Clinical significance: Modulus of elasticity of Ti explains the higher deformation and lower stiffness of these systems, with similar results for the Fixin due to its lower section modulus compared to all other plates. The SOP and standard constructs had surprisingly similar biomechanical properties in torsion. The rationale for selecting these implants for fracture repair likely needs to be based upon their differing biomechanical properties inherent to the diverse implant systems.Presented at the 38th Annual Conference of the Veterinary Orthopedic Society, Snowmass, Colorado, USA March 6, 2011.
Virtuosité d’une sphère en mouvement
Authors: Rennesson Stéphane 
Published: September 2011

Les polémiques sur le risque individuel, le geste technique en trop, l’ornement technique malheureux qui peut tout gâcher, ont bien souvent pour effet d’enfermer le football dans un schéma simpliste du point de vue de l’articulation de l’individuel et du collectif comme de l’action en général. Est-on forcément condamné à osciller au football entre l’individuel et le collectif ? Si le football semble imprégné de virtuosité, un problème se pose dès lors qu’il faut l’attribuer et l’isoler dans des actions souvent cafouilleuses. Sur la base d’actions techniques accomplies par de fameux dribbleurs, cet article montre que la circulation du ballon sur un terrain n’est ni explicable par la seule virtuosité technique d’un individu, ni simplement le résultat de la somme des actions individuelles, et encore moins uniquement le produit d’un plan tactique. En se déplaçant, le ballon se charge et se décharge d’effets au gré des relations entre les joueurs présents sur le terrain. Ce générateur d’actions que constitue le « ballon en circulation » nous obligera à aller voir du côté de la physique et à tenter une forme de commentaire de jeu légèrement décalée. La reconnaissance des potentialités physiques de la balle, qui sont décuplées par le nombre de fois qu’elle est touchée, est un préalable nécessaire avant toute analyse de la virtuosité footballistique et de ses modalités d’expression.
L’ermite et le virtuose
Authors: Laborde Denis 
Published: September 2011

Cette contribution est consacrée à deux pianistes virtuoses de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle : Glenn Gould (1932-1982) et Georges Cziffra (1921-1994). Glenn Gould vécut en ascète dans l’Ontario, renonçant au concert, qu’il assimilait à la corrida, pour se consacrer à l’enregistrement. Georges Cziffra se retira à Senlis, près de cette chapelle Saint-Frambourg dont il fit le siège de sa fondation après avoir bâti le célèbre festival de La Chaise-Dieu et avoir consacré une vie de virtuose à ces salles de concert et ces plateaux de télévision qui l’accueillirent dans le monde entier. Ces deux artistes incarnèrent deux figures antagoniques du pianiste : l’un, pour qui la pratique musicienne n’était « ni une démonstration de la virtus (virtuosité) du soliste, ni la complaisante exhibition d’une pratique de soi » (Schneider, 1988 : 40), incarna la figure érémitique de l’artiste en prise sur « la musique » ; l’autre, « le type qui peut jouer du piano plus vite que tous les autres » (Böhm, 1995 : 88), incarna la figure mondaine du virtuose. Aucun ne fit l’unanimité, aucun ne laissa indifférent. Ainsi se construisirent, aux deux extrêmes d’une rhétorique de la virtuosité, deux figures antagoniques de l’ascèse pianistique : Gould, absorbé par la technologie ; Cziffra, par la technique.
Virtuoses ambivalents
Authors: Jones Graham 
Published: September 2011

Cet article compare les approches divergentes de deux catégories de prestidigitateurs : des artistes de variété qui se servent de l’illusionnisme pour divertir et des apôtres du christianisme qui se servent de l’illusion pour évangéliser. Au lieu de présenter leurs illusions comme une démonstration d’adresse, ces gospel magicians (prestidigitateurs évangéliques) s’en servent de manière figurée pour imager des histoires et des leçons qui véhiculent un message chrétien. Niant avec insistance des pouvoirs surnaturels et évitant scrupuleusement les effets qui ressemblent à des miracles bibliques, ils prennent soin de présenter leurs tours comme des spectacles habiles sans ambiguïté ayant pour but de divertir, de galvaniser et d’instruire. Comme leurs homologues séculiers, les magiciens évangéliques proposent des tours empreints de virtuosité. Mais tandis que les magiciens séculiers célèbrent la virtuosité comme élément central de la magie, les magiciens évangéliques minimisent son rôle.
Frequency and nature of adverse drug reactions in elderly in-patients of two Indian medical college hospitals
Authors: Harugeri A , Parthasarathi G , Ramesh M , Guido S , Basavanagowdappa H 
Published: September 2011

Background:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major public health problem in the elderly. Although the Indian elderly represent 12.8% of the entire global elderly population, data on prevalence and predictors of ADRs in elderly Indians is extremely limited.

Aim:
To determine the prevalence, severity, preventability, length of hospital stays, and risk factors for ADRs in hospitalized Indian elderly.

Setting:
Medicine wards of two tertiary care teaching hospitals.

Design:
Prospective study was conducted between July 2007 and December 2009.

Materials and Methods:
In-patients of either sex and aged ≥60 years were included and monitored for ADRs throughout their hospital stay. Severity (Hartwig et al. scale), preventability (Shumock and Thornton criteria) and increased length of stay (considering underlying disease, ADR, and discussion with clinicians) were assessed.

Statistical Analysis:
Bivariate analysis and subsequently multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors for developing ADRs.

Results:
Over the study period, among the 920 patients monitored, 296 patients (32.2%) experienced 419 ADRs. Among all ADRs, 48.4% (203) were preventable. Majority of ADRs [226 (53.9%)] were moderate in severity. Therapeutic classes of drugs frequently associated with ADRs were the drugs used in diabetes [76 (18.1%)] and antibacterials for systemic use [54 (12.9%)]. ADRs increased the hospital stay in 5.9% (54) of patients. Female gender [Odds Ratio: 1.52, 95% Confidence Interval:1.04-2.22, P=0.03] was observed as the influential risk factor for ADRs.

Conclusion:
One third of hospitalized elderly experienced ADRs. Interventions focused at preventable ADRs should be developed and implemented to reduce their implications.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of pediatric critical care nurses towards pain
Authors: Mathew PJ , Mathew JL , Singhi S 
Published: September 2011

Background:
Nurses' knowledge, sensitivity and attitudes about pain in children and its management affect their response and therefore management of pediatric pain. Children in critical care units undergo more painful procedures than those in general wards.

Aims:
To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing personnel catering to critically ill children in a developing country.

Settings and Design:
Prospective questionnaire-based survey.

Materials and Methods:
The survey was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital on nursing personnel in three pediatric/neonatal intensive care units. The domains studied were: i. Training and experience, ii. Knowledge of pediatric pain, iii. Individual attitude towards pain in children, iv. Personal practice(s) for pain alleviation, v. Pain assessment, and vi. Non-pharmacological measures adopted.

Statistical Analysis:
Descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Results:
Of the 81 nursing personnel working in the three critical care units, 56 (69.1%) responded to the questionnaire. Only one-third of them had received formal training in pediatric nursing. Fifty percent of the respondents felt that infants perceive less pain than adults. Training in pediatric nursing was a significant contributing factor in the domain of knowledge (P=0.03). Restraint and distraction were the common modalities employed to facilitate painful procedures. Scientific approaches like eutectic mixture of local anesthetic and the judicious use of sedatives were not adopted routinely. Observing a child's face and posture were widely used parameters to assess pain (83%). None of the three critical care areas used a scoring system to assess pain.

Conclusions:
There are several lacunae in the knowledge and practice of nurses in developing countries which need to be improved by training.
Antitumor Efficacy of Intravesical BCG, Gemcitabine, Interferon-α and Interleukin-2 as Mono- or Combination-Therapy for Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Tumor Model
Authors: Xiao Zhengwen , Hanel Erich , Mak Allan , Moore Ronald B. 
Published: September 2011

Objective To reduce adverse effects and improve efficacy of intravesical BCG for bladder cancer, alternative treatment options were investigated in an orthotopic rat tumor model. Methods Superficial bladder cancer was established in syngeneic female rat bladders by instillation of AY-27 cells. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment groups including dose escalation of intravesical BCG with or without interferon-α (IFN-α) or interleukin-2 (IL-2); or graded doses of gemcitabine alone; or BCG plus gemcitabine. Treatments were given twice weekly for 3 weeks. Rats in control groups received saline instillations. Treatment response was monitored by animals’ well-being, survival days, tumor growth inhibition, and histological examination at necropsy. Results Rats receiving monotherapy with intravesical BCG, gemcitabine, or IFN-α, attained significantly better survival and tumor reduction compared with control ( P = 0.002; 0.001; 0.002, respectively, Log-rank Test). A dose-dependent treatment response was observed in animals with established bladder tumor receiving escalated BCG instillations. Only high-dose BCG significantly improved animal survival. Although high-dose BCG plus gemcitabine or IFN-α did not increase benefit over monotherapies, low-dose BCG plus IL-2 did show improved efficacy ( P = 0.01). Conclusion Intravesical monotherapies with gemcitabine and IFN-α were as effective as BCG for treatment of early non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer in this immune competent rat model. Combining these agents with high-dose BCG did not further increase efficacy. However, combining low-dose BCG with IL-2 enhanced BCG effectiveness.
Qualidade de vida de idosos com e sem hipertensão arterial
Authors: Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos , Martins Nayara Paula Fernandes , Dias Flavia Aparecida , Diniz Marina Aleixo 
Published: September 2011

O estudo objetivou descrever e comparar os escores de qualidade de vida (QV) de idosos com e sem hipertensão arterial (HA) segundo os domínios dos instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF e facetas do WHOQOL-OLD. Foram constituídos dois grupos: idosos que referiram HA (689) e idosos sem HA (689). A coleta ocorreu entre agosto e novembro/2008. Utilizaram-se análise descritiva e teste t-Student (p < 0,05). Predominou o sexo feminino, 60|-70 anos, casados, renda de um salário mínimo e 4?7 comorbidades. Observou-se maior escore de QV nas relações sociais e funcionamento dos sentidos; e menores no físico e autonomia. O grupo de idosos sem HA apresentou maiores escores de QV para o meio ambiente, atividades passadas, presentes e futuras e participação social, comparados ao grupo com HA. Faz-se necessário adotar ações interligadas entre a equipe de saúde e a comunidade visando ações promocionais e educativas em saúde, que resultem em menor impacto na QV dos idosos.Descritores: Qualidade de vida; Saúde do idoso; Hipertensão; Enfermagem em saúde comunitária.
Spontaneous dislocation of in-the-bag intraocular lens primarily in cases with prior vitrectomy
Authors: Matsumoto Makiko , Yamada Koki , Uematsu Masafumi , Fujikawa Azusa , Tsuiki Eiko , Kumagami Takeshi , Suzuma Kiyoshi , Kitaoka Takashi 
Published: September 2011

Purpose To report cases of late onset spontaneous in-the-bag dislocation of the intraocular lens (IOL) and to compare these results with past reports. Methods We retrospectively studied 21 eyes of 18 patients with dislocation of the entire capsular bag containing the IOL. Gender, age, interval between original surgery and IOL dislocation, and the predisposing factors were examined. Cases occurring after trauma were excluded. Results The mean ± SD age of the 12 men (57.1%) and 9 women included in the study was 67.8±8.6 years at the time of the IOL removal procedure. The interval between the original surgery and the IOL dislocation was 7.9±8.6. Associated clinical conditions included vitrectomy in 8 eyes (40.0%) of 7 patients, high myopia in 3 eyes (14%) of 2 patients, uveitis in 2 eyes (9.5%) of 2 patients, retinitis pigmentosa in 2 eyes (9.5%) of 1 patient, and pseudoexfoliation in 1 eye (4.8%) of 1 patient. There was no identifiable associated condition in 2 eyes (9.5%) of 2 patients, who were comparatively younger than the other cases. This result differs from previously published reports that have found a higher frequency of pseudoexfoliation and lower frequency of prior vitrectomy. Conclusions In-the-bag IOL dislocation was frequently associated with prior vitrectomy and sometimes occurred without specific conditions.