bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of stunting among under‐five children: Evidence from Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey 2021–2022
Authors: Sumon Imran Hossain , Akter Suchana , Sujon Md. Sazzad Hossan , Alam Muhammad Khairul , Yasmin Sabina , Yeasmin Sabina , Kabir Mohammad Alamgir , Hossain Md. Moyazzem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological and nutritional modifications are causing an increase in stunting in many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), which will eventually result in juvenile diseases and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the influential factors contributing to stunting among under‐five children in Cambodia.MethodsA secondary dataset consisting of 3268 under‐five children was extracted from the latest Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS)‐2021/2022 dataset. The Chi‐square test and Boruta algorithm were used for covariate selection, and logistic regression approaches were used to determine the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and other factors on the presence of stunting.ResultsFindings revealed that about 21% of under‐five children were stunted, and the prevalence of stunting was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The prevalence of child stunting was lower in families with highly educated parents. A child whose father had a secondary education had 0.71 times lower (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.520–0.969) chance of stunting than a child whose father had no education. Findings revealed that Ratnak Kiri, Mondul Kiri, Stung Treng, Pursat and Kampot had a greater prevalence of stunting than other places, ranging from 27.11% to 35.70%, whereas Banteay Meanchey, Phnom Penh and Kandal had the lowest rates, ranging from 12.80% to 16.00%. Results of the Boruta algorithm and logistic regression suggested that under‐five stunting is significantly influenced by factors such as the child's age, size at birth, mother's age at first birth, mother's body mass index (BMI), father's educational status, cooking fuel, and wealth index.ConclusionsIt is necessary to take initiatives for reducing the prevalence of stunted children prioritising the identified factors that ultimately help to reduce the burden of child health. The authors believed that the findings of this study will be helpful for policymakers in designing the appropriate policies and actions to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by reducing stunting among under‐five children in Cambodia.
Effects of physical activity patterns on myopia among children and adolescents: A latent class analysis
Authors: Li Yin , Xu Chang , Liu Zhonghui , Qu Zhiyi , Xi Wei , Zhang Xin , Gao Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe daily physical activity (PA) patterns of children and adolescents are intricate and ambiguous, with varying effects on myopia resulting from different combinations of PA. This study aims to scrutinize the spectrum of PA patterns among children and adolescents and assess their impact on myopia.MethodsData sourced from the 2014 National Student Physical Fitness Survey (Tianjin segment) encompassed PA records and visual acuity measurements of participants. Latent Class Analysis and a generalized linear model were employed to investigate the relationship between PA categories and visual acuity across different educational stages.ResultsThe study comprised 6465 primary and middle school students, among whom 50.13% were male. PA patterns were categorized into high (27.16%), medium (29.88%) and low visual acuity regulation groups (13.97%) and the nonmainstream group (28.99%). Following adjustments for sex, age, region and BMI, the medium visual acuity regulation group exhibited a lower risk of myopia (OR = 0.617, 95% CI = 0.424–0.897, p = 0.012; OR = 0.654, 95% CI = 0.438–0.976, p = 0.038) compared to the nonmainstream group among junior and senior middle school students.ConclusionThe efficacy of diverse PA patterns in mitigating myopia risk varies across educational stages and is influenced by sex‐specific factors. It is imperative to advance myopia management strategies by emphasizing tailored PA interventions, discerning between PA patterns and delivering timely guidance and interventions tailored to distinct educational stages and sexes.
Progression of diabetic retinopathy in women with pregestational diabetes during pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Widyaputri Felicia , Khong Edmund W. C. , Rogers Sophie L. , Nankervis Alison J. , Conn Jennifer J. , Sasongko Muhammad B. , Shub Alexis , Fagan Xavier J. , Guest Daryl , Symons Robert C. A. , Lim Lyndell L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) may worsen during pregnancy, but its course in the postpartum remains poorly understood. Understanding the natural history of DR during and after pregnancy can help determine when sight‐threatening DR treatment should be administered.MethodsA prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes from two tertiary Diabetes Antenatal Clinics in Melbourne, Australia. Eye examination results in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and up to 12‐months postpartum were compared to determine DR changes. Two‐field fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography scans were used to assess DR severity.ResultsOverall, 105 (61.4%) women had at least two eye examinations during the observation period. Mean age was 33.5 years (range 19–51); 54 women (51.4%) had T1D; 63% had HbA1c <7% in early pregnancy. DR progression rate was 23.8% (95% CI 16.4–32.6). Having T1D (RR 4.96, 95% CI 1.83–13.46), pre‐existing DR in either eye (RR 4.54, 95% CI 2.39–8.61), and elevated systolic blood pressure (adjusted RR 2.49, 95% CI 1.10–5.66) were associated with increased risk of progression. Sight‐threatening progression was observed in 9.5% of women. Among the 19 eyes with progression during pregnancy, 15 eyes remained stable, three eyes progressed, and only one eye regressed in the postpartum.ConclusionsNearly 1 in 4 women had DR progression from conception through to 12‐months postpartum; almost half of these developing sight‐threatening disease. DR progression occurring during pregnancy was found to predominantly remain unchanged, or worsen, after delivery, with very few eyes spontaneously improving postpartum.
Numbers in Context: Cardinals, Ordinals, and Nominals in American English
Authors: Woodin Greg , Winter Bodo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere are three main types of number used in modern, industrialized societies. Cardinals count sets (e.g., people, objects) and quantify elements of conventional scales (e.g., money, distance), ordinals index positions in ordered sequences (e.g., years, pages), and nominals serve as unique identifiers (e.g., telephone numbers, player numbers). Many studies that have cited number frequencies in support of claims about numerical cognition and mathematical cognition hinge on the assumption that most numbers analyzed are cardinal. This paper is the first to investigate the relative frequencies of different number types, presenting a corpus analysis of morphologically unmarked numbers (not, e.g., “eighth” or “21st”) in which we manually annotated 3,600 concordances in the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Overall, cardinals are dominant—both pure cardinals (sets) and measurements (scales)—except in the range 1,000–10,000, which is dominated by ordinal years, like 1996 and 2004. Ordinals occur less often overall, and nominals even less so. Only for cardinals do round numbers, associated with approximation, dominate overall and increase with magnitude. In comparison with other registers, academic writing contains a lower proportion of measurements as well as a higher proportion of ordinals and, to some extent, nominals. In writing, pure cardinals and measurements are usually represented as number words, but measurements—especially larger, unround ones—are more likely to be numerals. Ordinals and nominals are mostly represented as numerals. Altogether, this paper reveals how numbers are used in American English, establishing an initial baseline for any analyses of number frequencies and shedding new light on the cognitive and psychological study of number.
MRE11 is essential for the long‐term viability of undifferentiated spermatogonia
Authors: Tang Zhenghui , Liang Zhongyang , Zhang Bin , Xu Xiaohui , Li Peng , Li Lejun , Lu Lin‐Yu , Liu Yidan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the meiotic prophase, programmed SPO11‐linked DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by homologous recombination (HR). The MRE11‐RAD50‐NBS1 (MRN) complex is essential for initiating DNA end resection, the first step of HR. However, residual DNA end resection still occurs in Nbs1 knockout (KO) spermatocytes for unknown reasons. Here, we show that DNA end resection is completely abolished in Mre11 KO spermatocytes. In addition, Mre11 KO, but not Nbs1 KO, undifferentiated spermatogonia are rapidly exhausted due to DSB accumulation, proliferation defects, and elevated apoptosis. Cellular studies reveal that a small amount of MRE11 retained in the nucleus of Nbs1 KO cells likely underlies the differences between Mre11 and Nbs1 KO cells. Taken together, our study not only demonstrates an irreplaceable role of the MRE11 in DNA end resection at SPO11‐linked DSBs but also unveils a unique function of MRE11 in maintaining the long‐term viability of undifferentiated spermatogonia.
Managing multiple uncertainties in species distribution modelling
Authors: Raiter Keren Gila , Hawlena Dror 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimWe present a methodology to address multifaceted uncertainties in species distribution models (SDMs), enhancing their robustness and providing vital insights to inform management and conservation decisions. Data uncertainties, including positional inaccuracies in historical data and absences in survey data that could be attributed to anthropogenic disturbances rather than habitat unsuitability, can compromise SDM predictions, risking the efficacy of resultant conservation strategies.LocationWhile the concepts and methodologies presented hold global applicability, our case study is situated in and around the Negev Desert of southern Israel and the Palestinian West Bank, focusing on the critically endangered Be'er Sheva fringe‐fingered lizard (Acanthodactylus beershebensis) that is endemic to this area.MethodsUtilizing calculated combinations of reliable and uncertain datasets, we created diverse dataset scenarios. Pre‐development distribution and habitat requirements were estimated for each scenario using a blend of statistical and machine‐learning algorithms in R. Additionally, a combined scenario was modelled using hierarchical model ensembles to effectively weight data by reliability.ResultsOur innovative approach produces more robust models and reveals the impact of uncertain datasets on model predictions. Incorporating potential anthropogenic absences led to erroneous model conclusions, particularly when historical data exclusion occurred—a practice often implemented in the pursuit of model robustness.Main ConclusionsUncertainties in SDMs can yield incorrect conclusions, imperilling conservation efforts. Initiated by land managers, our work actively informs conservation practices. The study's global relevance provides an approach for addressing real‐world challenges in estimating species distributions, advancing the application of conservation science.
A novel preparation for histological analyses of intraventricular macrophages in the embryonic brain
Authors: Murayama Futoshi , Asai Hisa , Patra Arya Kirone , Wake Hiroaki , Miyata Takaki , Hattori Yuki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicroglia colonize the brain starting on embryonic day (E) 9.5 in mice, and their population increases with development. We have previously demonstrated that some microglia are derived from intraventricular macrophages, which frequently infiltrate the pallium at E12.5. To address how the infiltration of intraventricular macrophages is spatiotemporally regulated, histological analyses detecting how these cells associate with the surrounding cells at the site of infiltration into the pallial surface are essential. Using two‐photon microscopy‐based in vivo imaging, we demonstrated that most intraventricular macrophages adhere to the ventricular surface. This is a useful tool for imaging intraventricular macrophages maintaining their original position, but this method cannot be used for observing deeper brain regions. Meanwhile, we found that conventional cryosection‐based and naked pallial slice‐based observation resulted in unexpected detachment from the ventricular surface of intraventricular macrophages and their mislocation, suggesting that previous histological analyses might have failed to determine their physiological number and location in the ventricular space. To address this, we sought to establish a methodological preparation that enables us to delineate the structure and cellular interactions when intraventricular macrophages infiltrate the pallium. Here, we report that brain slices pretreated with agarose‐embedding maintained adequate density and proper positioning of intraventricular macrophages on the ventricular surface. This method also enabled us to perform the immunostaining. We believe that this is helpful for conducting histological analyses to elucidate the mechanisms underlying intraventricular macrophage infiltration into the pallium and their cellular properties, leading to further understanding of the process of microglial colonization into the developing brain.
Impaired longitudinal systolic–diastolic coupling and cardiac response to exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: MacNamara James P. , Turlington William M. , Dias Katrin A. , Hearon Christopher M. , Ivey Erika , Delgado Vincent A. , Brazile Tiffany L. , Wakeham Denis J. , Turer Aslan T. , Link Mark S. , Levine Benjamin D. , Sarma Satyam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), impaired augmentation of stroke volume and diastolic dysfunction contribute to exercise intolerance. Systolic–diastolic (S‐D) coupling characterizes how systolic contraction of the left ventricle (LV) primes efficient elastic recoil during early diastole. Impaired S‐D coupling may contribute to the impaired cardiac response to exercise in patients with HCM.MethodsPatients with HCM (n = 25, age = 47 ± 9 years) and healthy adults (n = 115, age = 49 ± 10 years) underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and echocardiogram. S‐D coupling was defined as the ratio of LV longitudinal excursion of the mitral annulus during early diastole (EDexc) and systole (Sexc) and compared between groups. Peak oxygen uptake (peak V̇O2) (Douglas bags), cardiac index (C2H2 rebreathe), and stroke volume index (SVi) were assessed during CPET. Linear regression was performed between S‐D coupling and peak V̇O2, peak cardiac index, and peak SVi.ResultsS‐D coupling was lower in HCM (Controls: 0.63 ± 0.08, HCM: 0.56 ± 0.10, p < 0.001). Peak V̇O2 and stroke volume reserve were lower in patients with HCM (Peak VO2 Controls: 28.5 ± 5.5, HCM: 23.7 ± 7.2 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001, SV reserve: Controls 39 ± 16, HCM 30 ± 18 mL, p = 0.008). In patients with HCM, S‐D coupling was associated with peak V̇O2 (r = 0.47, p = 0.018), peak cardiac index (r = 0.60, p = 0.002), and peak SVi (r = 0.63, p < 0.001).ConclusionSystolic–diastolic coupling was impaired in patients with HCM and was associated with fitness and the cardiac response to exercise. Inefficient S‐D coupling may link insufficient stroke volume generation, diastolic dysfunction, and exercise intolerance in HCM.
Childhood autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A scoping review
Authors: Zhang Caseng , Charland Danielle , O'Hearn Katie , Steele MacGregor , Klaassen Robert J. , Speckert Matthew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and objectiveAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare but important cause of morbidity in pediatric hematology patients. Given its rarity, there is little high‐quality evidence on which to base the investigation and management of pediatric AIHA. This scoping review aims to summarize the current evidence and highlight key gaps to inform future studies.MethodsThis review searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane CENTRAL Trials Register from 2000 to November 03, 2023. Experimental and observational studies reporting AIHA diagnostic criteria, laboratory workup, or treatment/management in populations with at least 20% of patients ≤18 years were included.ResultsForty‐three studies were included, with no randomized controlled trials identified. AIHA diagnostic criteria, diagnostic tests, and treatments were highly variable. First‐line treatment approaches include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or both. Approaches to AIHA resistance to first‐line therapy were widely variable between studies, but most commonly included rituximab and/or cyclosporine.ConclusionsWe identify a heterogenous group of observational studies into this complex, immune‐mediated disorder. Standardized definitions and classifications are needed to guide collaborative efforts needed to study this rare disease. The work done by the CEREVANCE group provides an important paradigm for future studies.
Racial disparities in the incidence and survival outcomes in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Wasifuddin Mustafa , Ilerhunmwuwa Nosakhare Paul , Becerra Henry , Hakobyan Narek , Shrestha Neharika , Uche Ifeanyi Nnamdi , Lin Htet , Abowali Hesham , Zheng Jin , Yadav Ruchi , Pokhrel Akriti , Enayati Ladan , Hare Mitchell , Hehr Rohan , Kozii Khrystyna , Gibadullin Bulat , Avezbakiyev Boris , Wang Jen‐Chin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The disease generally occurs in older patients. Although at a lower prevalence, the disease also occurs in the adolescent and young adult group (AYA). There is paucity of data in the literature on racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence and survival outcomes of DLBCL in the AYA group. The objective of our study is to demonstrate the disparities in these outcomes. Utilizing SEER, we obtained data on patient demographics, incidence, and survival from 2000 to 2020. We observed statistically significant reduced incidence of DLBCL in all racial groups, except the non‐Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander group (NHAPI). The non‐Hispanic Black group (NHB) had one of the lowest survival despite showing the largest decrease in incidence in DLBCL. The differences in the survival could be secondary to socioeconomic factors, however other reasons need to be explored. The increased incidence among the NHAPI group mirrors that of large population‐based studies in East Asian countries, however, underlying reasons have not been elucidated.
Family leisure and negative links between family of origin adversity and marital satisfaction
Authors: Wikle Jocelyn S. , Forbush Ashley , Yorgason Jeremy , Holmes Erin K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated family leisure as a moderator of negative associations between family of origin adversity and subsequent marital relationship satisfaction.BackgroundNegative experiences during childhood often affect marital outcomes. However, the vulnerability‐stress‐adaptation model of marriage suggests couples can adapt in healthy ways to manage vulnerabilities. Family leisure is often used to address stress. Family leisure remains a strong predictor of relationship well‐being due to its ability to strengthen emotion regulation and build psychological resources, motivating an evaluation of family leisure as a potential ameliorating factor for links between family of origin adversity and marital relationship satisfaction.MethodThe study used a national dyadic sample of heterosexual married couples from the Couple Relationships and Transition Experiences (CREATE) study in the United States in 2021 (N = 1,462 couples). This study estimated an actor–partner interdependence model with dyadic connections and individual controls to evaluate family leisure in the context of married couples with past family of origin adversity.ResultsFamily leisure positively associated with marital satisfaction directly but did not moderate family of origin adversity.ConclusionThe study confirmed negative links between family of origin adversity and marital relationship satisfaction. Although the study also confirmed positive links between family leisure and relationship satisfaction, family leisure was not helpful as a buffer for family of origin adversity.ImplicationsFindings suggest couples with family of origin adversity should not use family leisure as a primary means of addressing stress from family of origin experiences to help with marriages and may have more success with other strategies.
Not to Study, But to Experience: Parental Aspirations, Children's Happiness and Alternative Pathways to Going Global in South Korea
Authors: Kang Yoonhee 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTSouth Korea has been known for high rates of ‘early study abroad’ (ESA) or jogi yuhak participation, in which pre‐college students go abroad for an international education. However, this trend has declined recently. Instead, many Korean parents and their children are seeking the benefits of ‘studying abroad’ without leaving Korea for long periods. Based on in‐depth interviews with Korean parents, I explore various strategies they employ to provide their children, aged 4–12, with ‘study abroad experiences’ without actually studying abroad for an extended period. These approaches include English immersion programmes, such as English kindergartens and camps designed to expose children to foreign cultures and languages. I analyse how Korean parents’ aspirations to nurture ‘happy children’ while securing their future success shape diverse strategies that transcend traditional local–global and sedentary–mobile dichotomies. This highlights more complex motivations behind educational choices, emphasizing goals beyond mere capital accumulation or lifestyle consumption.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of a porous ceramic composite with needle‐like mullite and zirconia
Authors: López Paula V. , Mocciaro Anabella , Hernández María F. , Richard Diego , Rendtorff Nicolás M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPorous mullite ceramics have good properties for high‐temperature applications, but porosity gives place to ceramics with low mechanical strength, which restricts the service life in their potential applications. Therefore, performing modifications at the microscale to increase the mechanical strength has become a current challenge to expand its application fields. This work describes the properties of a porous mullite–zirconia composite produced by ceramic processing, using industrial kaolin and stabilized zirconia as raw materials. The growth of mullite needle‐like grains to reinforce the ceramic was promoted by the addition of a molybdenum oxide precursor. The effect of zirconia on the composite was analyzed through an experimental multi‐technique approach and considering a pure mullite sample, identically processed, as a reference. The novel composite has a porosity of about 50%, and presents a homogeneous microstructure, with interlocked mullite needle‐like grains and dispersed rounded zirconia grains. This morphology restricts the mullite tendency to shrink during sintering, giving the material a higher stiffness. In particular, the presence of zirconia in the composite improves both the flexural strength and the apparent Young modulus of the material (about 20% and up to 600%, respectively). These results encourage further investigations to establish this composite for different technological applications.