bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of carboxylesterase 1A genotypes with irinotecan pharmacokinetics in Japanese cancer patients
Authors: Sai Kimie , Saito Yoshiro , Tatewaki Naoko , Hosokawa Masakiyo , Kaniwa Nahoko , Nishimaki‐Mogami Tomoko , Naito Mikihiko , Sawada Jun‐ichi , Shirao Kuniaki , Hamaguchi Tetsuya , Yamamoto Noboru , Kunitoh Hideo , Tamura Tomohide , Yamada Yasuhide , Ohe Yuichiro , Yoshida Teruhiko , Minami Hironobu , Ohtsu Atsushi , Matsumura Yasuhiro , Saijo Nagahiro , Okuda Haruhiro 
Published: April 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Association of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) genetic polymorphisms *6 and *28 with reduced clearance of SN‐38 and severe neutropenia in irinotecan therapy was demonstrated in Japanese cancer patients.• The detailed gene structure of CES1 has been characterized.• Possible functional SNPs in the promoter region have been reported. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Association of functional CES1 gene number with AUC ratio [(SN‐38 + SN‐38G)/irinotecan], an in vivo index of CES activity, was observed in patients with irinotecan monotherapy.• No significant effects of major CES1 SNPs on irinotecan PK were detected.AIMSHuman carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) hydrolyzes irinotecan to produce an active metabolite SN‐38 in the liver. The human CES1 gene family consists of two functional genes, CES1A1 (1A1) and CES1A2 (1A2), which are located tail‐to‐tail on chromosome 16q13‐q22.1 (CES1A2‐1A1). The pseudogene CES1A3 (1A3) and a chimeric CES1A1 variant (var1A1) are also found as polymorphic isoforms of 1A2 and 1A1, respectively. In this study, roles of CES1 genotypes and major SNPs in irinotecan pharmacokinetics were investigated in Japanese cancer patients.METHODS CES1A diplotypes [combinations of haplotypes A (1A3‐1A1), B (1A2‐1A1), C (1A3‐var1A1) and D (1A2‐var1A1)] and the major SNPs (−75T>G and −30G>A in 1A1, and −816A>C in 1A2 and 1A3) were determined in 177 Japanese cancer patients. Associations of CES1 genotypes, number of functional CES1 genes (1A1, 1A2 and var1A1) and major SNPs, with the AUC ratio of (SN‐38 + SN‐38G)/irinotecan, a parameter of in vivo CES activity, were analyzed for 58 patients treated with irinotecan monotherapy.RESULTSThe median AUC ratio of patients having three or four functional CES1 genes (diplotypes A/B, A/D or B/C, C/D, B/B and B/D; n= 35) was 1.24‐fold of that in patients with two functional CES1 genes (diplotypes A/A, A/C and C/C; n= 23) [median (25th–75th percentiles): 0.31 (0.25–0.38) vs. 0.25 (0.20–0.32), P= 0.0134]. No significant effects of var1A1 and the major SNPs examined were observed.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests a gene‐dose effect of functional CES1A genes on SN‐38 formation in irinotecan‐treated Japanese cancer patients.
Risk factors for venous thrombosis – current understanding from an epidemiological point of view
Authors: Lijfering Willem M. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryEpidemiological research throughout the last 50 years has provided the long list of risk factors for venous thrombosis that are known today. Although this has advanced our current understanding about the aetiology of thrombosis, it does not give us all the answers: many people have several of these risk factors but never develop thrombosis; others suffer from thrombosis but have none. In this review, we discuss how risk factors for venous thrombosis can be interpreted with use of several epidemiological models. We comment on how to explain why risk factors for first venous thrombosis differ from recurrent venous thrombosis, and use a causal model to better understand risk of first and recurrent venous thrombosis.
Natural killer T cells are dispensable in the development of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodelling in a mouse model of chronic asthma
Authors: Koh Y-I , Shim J-U , Lee J-H , Chung I-J , Min J-J , Rhee J H , Lee H C , Chung D H , Wi J-O 
Published: April 2010

Summary
Natural killer T (NK T) cells have been shown to play an essential role in the development of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and/or airway inflammation in mouse models of acute asthma. Recently, NK T cells have been reported to be required for the development of AHR in a virus induced chronic asthma model. We investigated whether NK T cells were required for the development of allergen-induced AHR, airway inflammation and airway remodelling in a mouse model of chronic asthma. CD1d−/− mice that lack NK T cells were used for the experiments. In the chronic model, AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, remodelling characteristics including mucus metaplasia, subepithelial fibrosis and increased mass of the airway smooth muscle, T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response and immunoglobulin (Ig)E production were equally increased in both CD1d−/− mice and wild-type mice. However, in the acute model, AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, Th2 immune response and IgE production were significantly decreased in the CD1d−/− mice compared to wild-type. CD1d-dependent NK T cells may not be required for the development of allergen-induced AHR, eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway remodelling in chronic asthma model, although they play a role in the development of AHR and eosinophilic inflammation in acute asthma model.
The effect of adrenomedullin and cold stress on interleukin-6 levels in some rat tissues
Authors: Yildirim N C , Yurekli M 
Published: April 2010

SummaryStress known to stimulate sympathetic activity, as well as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), produces a significant increase in adrenomedullin (AdM) levels, suggesting a regulatory or protective role for AdM in countering HPA activation that follows a variety of stressors. Stressors can modulate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a potent activator of the HPA and appears to play a pathogenic role in conditions related to stress. In the present study, we investigated the administration of AdM on IL-6 levels in cold exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as control, adrenomedullin treatment, cold stress and cold stress+adrenomedullin-treated groups. In the adrenomedullin-treated group, animals received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of adrenomedullin (2000 ng/kg body weight) once a day for a week. For the cold stress exposure the rats were kept in separate cages at 10°C for a week. Control group rats were kept in laboratory conditions. The concentration of IL-6 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. When compared to control, IL-6 levels increased significantly in the cold stress- and adrenomedullin-treated groups (P &lt; 0·05). Administration of AdM in addition to cold stress decreased IL-6 levels in lung and liver, but increased in brain and heart when compared to control (P &lt; 0·05). The results suggest that cold stress may induce increase of rat proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and adrenomedullin may play a regulatory or protective role for cold stress.
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells do not protect NZB × NZW F1 mice from developing lupus disease
Authors: Youd M , Blickarz C , Woodworth L , Touzjian T , Edling A , Tedstone J , Ruzek M , Tubo R , Kaplan J , Lodie T 
Published: April 2010

Summary
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has shown promise clinically in graft-versus-host disease and in preclinical animal models of T helper type 1 (Th1)-driven autoimmune diseases, but whether MSCs can be used to treat autoimmune disease in general is unclear. Here, the therapeutic potential of MSCs was tested in the New Zealand black (NZB) × New Zealand white (NZW) F1 (NZB/W) lupus mouse model. The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus involves abnormal B and T cell activation leading to autoantibody formation. To test whether the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs would inhibit the development of autoimmune responses and provide a therapeutic benefit, NZB/W mice were treated with Balb/c-derived allogeneic MSCs starting before or after disease onset. Systemic MSC administration worsened disease and enhanced anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) autoantibody production. The increase in autoantibody titres was accompanied by an increase in plasma cells in the bone marrow, an increase in glomerular immune complex deposition, more severe kidney pathology, and greater proteinuria. Co-culturing MSCs with plasma cells purified from NZB/W mice led to an increase in immunoglobulin G antibody production, suggesting that MSCs might be augmenting plasma cell survival and function in MSC-treated animals. Our results suggest that MSC therapy may not be beneficial in Th2-type T cell- and B cell-driven diseases such as lupus and highlight the need to understand further the appropriate application of MSC therapy.
Phenological shifts of three interacting zooplankton groups in relation to climate change
Authors: SCHLÜTER MERJA H. , MERICO AGOSTINO , REGINATTO MARCEL , BOERSMA MAARTEN , WILTSHIRE KAREN H. , GREVE WULF 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOver the past several decades, global warming has been linked to shifts in the distributions and abundances of species. In the southern North Sea, temperatures have increased in the last three decades and this will likely have consequences on the seasonality of marine organisms living in the area. Ctenophores such as Beroe gracilis and Pleurobrachia pileus could be particularly affected by changes in their own phenology and that of their prey, thus causing shifts in ecosystem function. Despite their global relevance and their potentially deleterious effect on the fishing industry, only a few long‐term records of ctenophore abundance exist, and most of these records are semiquantitative in nature. Therefore, our knowledge of the influence of environmental factors on their population development is presently very limited. In this study, the long‐term abundance dynamics of B. gracilis, P. pileus and their food calanoid copepods were analysed for a highly temporally resolved time series in the German Bight at Helgoland Roads. Special attention was focused on the response of these organisms to climate warming. Bayesian statistics showed that the phenology of the two ctenophores shifted in a step‐like mode in the year 1987/1988 to permanent earlier appearances. The seasonal change in the population blooms of P. pileus and B. gracilis correlated remarkably well with a step‐like increase in winter and spring sea surface temperatures of the southern North Sea. Possible explanations for the changes observed in these organisms include higher reproductive rates, increased winter survival rates or both. Interannual variations in ctenophore abundances correlated best with the interannual changes in spring temperatures, although the impact of temperature on B. gracilis appeared less pronounced. The changes in copepods abundance were not consistent with changes in P. pileus and B. gracilis. P. pileus showed longer periods of high abundance after the permanent seasonal advancement. These longer periods were correlated with a decline in the average autumn abundance of copepods. Changes in the phenology of these organisms raise the concerns on the declining state of fish stocks, which could potentially be exacerbated by gelatinous zooplankton outbreaks. These conditions may ultimately lead to trophic dead ends by channelling the flow of energy away from higher trophic levels.
Coping with hospital‐related fears: experiences of pre‐school‐aged children
Authors: Salmela Marja , Salanterä Sanna , Aronen Eeva T. 
Published: April 2010

salmela m., salanterä s. & aronen e.t. (2010) Coping with hospital‐related fears: experiences of pre‐school‐aged children. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1222–1231.AbstractTitle.  Coping with hospital‐related fears: experiences of pre‐school‐aged children. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of how 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children cope with their fears associated with hospitalization and how they explain their experiences.Background.  Pre‐school‐aged children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of stress and fear during hospitalization. Children cope with their fears through problem‐oriented, emotion‐oriented, and function‐oriented coping strategies. Even pre‐school‐aged children can express their emotions and expectations quite well orally. However, little is known about the coping strategies of 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children related to hospital fears and the meaning of coping for children.Method.  A qualitative method was chosen using a purposive sample of 89 children. The data were gathered using semi‐structured interviews from 2004 to 2006. The data were analysed using Colaizzi’s method for phenomenological analysis.Findings.  The children’s experiences of coping with hospital fears consisted of ten main clusters: pleasure, positive images, security, confidence, care, understanding the meaning of the situation, participating, asking for help, readjustment and protecting oneself. The coping strategies during hospitalization described by the children were familiar to them and part of their everyday lives.Conclusion.  It is important to observe and support the child’s individual coping strategies. Pre‐school‐aged children need information and guidance to orientate themselves in unknown situations and to participate in decisions concerning their everyday life. Most of all, they need opportunities to play and experience pleasure. Children can also be taught coping strategies that give them an active, positive role.
Nursing care of prisoners: staff views and experiences
Authors: Powell Jane , Harris Francesca , Condon Louise , Kemple Terry 
Published: April 2010

powell j., harris f., condon l. & kemple t. (2010) Nursing care of prisoners: staff views and experiences. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1257–1265.AbstractTitle.  Nursing care of prisoners: staff views and experiences. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the views and experiences of nurses and other prison healthcare staff about their roles and the nursing care they provide to prisoners.Background.  Nurses have become the key providers of healthcare in prison settings in England, replacing the previous prison service‐run system. However, there is very little evidence about the health services they provide to meet the health needs of prisoners.Method.  A ethnographic study was conducted. Participants were 80 healthcare staff working in 12 prisons of all security categories in England. Twelve individual interviews with general healthcare managers and 12 key informant focus group discussions with healthcare staff were undertaken in 2005 using a semi‐structured interview schedule. Issues investigated included participants’ thoughts and experiences of nursing roles and delivery of primary healthcare. The group discussions and interviews were analysed to identify emerging themes.Findings.  Participants gave accounts of day‐to‐day processes and the healthcare routine. They saw their work as identifying and meeting the health needs of prisoners and maintaining their health, and identified major influences that shaped their daily work, including new ways of working in primary care. They identified how policy and organizational changes were affecting their roles, and acknowledged the conflict between the custody regime and healthcare delivery.Conclusion.  The move towards a NHS‐led primary healthcare service within prisons, predominantly delivered by nurses, has made positive changes to healthcare. Healthcare managers have benefited from the involvement of the local NHS in improving the health of prisoners.
Dental hygiene education for nursing staff in a nursing home for older people
Authors: Kullberg Erika , Sjögren Petteri , Forsell Marianne , Hoogstraate Janet , Herbst Bertil , Johansson Olle 
Published: April 2010

kullberg e., sjögren p., forsell m., hoogstraate j., herbst b. & johansson o. (2010) Dental hygiene education for nursing staff in a nursing home for older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1273–1279.AbstractTitle.  Dental hygiene education for nursing staff in a nursing home for older people. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study evaluating the effect of a repeated education programme for nursing staff in a home for older people.Background.  A strong relationship exists between oral infections and general health complications (especially aspiration pneumonia) among nursing home residents and hospitalized older people. Thus, nursing staff need to be educated in oral hygiene measures.Methods.  Forty‐three nursing home resident older people (12 men, 31 women, age range 69–99 years) were included in a dental hygiene and gingivitis evaluation using gingival bleeding scores and modified plaque scores. Evaluation was conducted before and 3 weeks after a repeated dental hygiene education for nursing staff at a nursing home in Sweden in 2008. Dental hygiene education had been given 1·5 years previously.Findings.  Forty‐one residents (12 men and 29 women) were available for evaluation after the repeated dental hygiene education (one died, one had had teeth extracted). There was a reduction in gingival bleeding scores (P < 0·001), and in plaque scores (P < 0·001).Conclusion.  Repeated dental hygiene education improves the dental hygiene among nursing home resident older people. In order to succeed it may be necessary to address attitudes and perceptions towards oral care in such a dental hygiene education programme for nursing staff. Improved oral hygiene contributes to reducing the incidence of healthcare‐associated pneumonia among nursing home resident older people, and thus to reduced healthcare costs.
Curriculum infusion to promote nursing student well‐being
Authors: Yearwood Edilma , Riley Joan B. 
Published: April 2010

yearwood e. & riley j.b. (2010) Curriculum infusion to promote nursing student well‐being. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1356–1364.AbstractTitle.  Curriculum infusion to promote nursing student well‐being. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of baccalaureate nursing students’ experiences with curriculum infusion of college health issues into academic courses and students’ well‐being.Background.  Bringing Theory to Practice is an ongoing project at a number of colleges in the United States of America. Its goal is to use the academic classroom and campus community to engage students actively in self‐reflection on a variety of common college student health and well‐being issues.Method.  This qualitative study was based on 159 students’ experiences with curriculum infusion in two undergraduate nursing courses at a university in the United States of America over a 2‐year period from 2006 to 2008. Student reflection papers, photo‐essays, narrative course evaluations, classroom engagement with educators and peers and student use of campus health resources were the data examined.Findings.  As a result of the integration of personal wellness concepts into classroom pedagogy, students experienced a variety of feelings and needs including isolation, shock and anger, taking time, awareness and valuing.Conclusion.  In light of the increasing rigour of baccalaureate nursing programmes, it is important for educators to be aware of the health‐related effects of stress and isolation on students. By increasing student self‐awareness and changing relational dynamics in the classroom, student well‐being can be supported.
Increasing nurse staffing levels in Belgian cardiac surgery centres: a cost‐effective patient safety intervention?
Authors: Van den Heede Koen , Simoens Steven , Diya Luwis , Lesaffre Emmanuel , Vleugels Arthur , Sermeus Walter 
Published: April 2010

van den heede k., simoens s., diya l., lesaffre e., vleugels a. & sermeus w.(2010) Increasing nurse staffing levels in Belgian cardiac surgery centres: a cost‐effective patient safety intervention?Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1291–1296.AbstractTitle. Increasing nurse staffing levels in Belgian cardiac surgery centres: a cost‐effective patient safety intervention?.Aim. This paper is a report of a cost‐effectiveness analysis from a hospital perspective of increased nurse staffing levels (to the level of the 75th percentile) in Belgian general cardiac postoperative nursing units.Background. A previous study indicated that increasing nurse staffing levels in Belgian general cardiac postoperative nursing units was associated with lower mortality rates. Research is needed to compare the costs of increased nurse staffing levels with benefits of reducing mortality rates.Method. Two types of average national costs were compared. A first calculation included the simulation of an increase in the number of nursing hours per patient day to the 75th percentile for nursing units staffed below that level. For the second calculation (the comparator) we used a ‘do nothing’ alternative. The most recent available data sources were used for the analysis. Results were expressed in the form of the additional costs per avoided death and the additional costs per life‐year gained. The analysis used 2007 costing data.Findings. The costs of increasing nurse staffing levels to the 75th percentile in Belgian general cardiac postoperative nursing units amounted to €1,211,022. Such nurse staffing levels would avoid an estimated number of 45·9 (95% confidence interval: 22·0–69·4) patient deaths per year and generate 458·86 (95% confidence interval: 219·93–693·79) life‐years gained annually. This corresponds with incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios of €26,372 per avoided death and €2639 per life‐year gained.Conclusion. Increasing nurse staffing levels appears to be a cost‐effective intervention as compared with other cardiovascular interventions.
Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale‐Motor Exam: inter‐rater reliability of advanced practice nurse and neurologist assessments
Authors: Palmer Janice L. , Coats Mary A. , Roe Catherine M. , Hanko Shelly M. , Xiong Chengjie , Morris John C. 
Published: April 2010

palmer j.l., coats m.a., roe c.m., hanko s.m., xiong c. & morris j.c. (2010) Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale‐Motor Exam: inter‐rater reliability of advanced practice nurse and neurologist assessments. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1382–1387.AbstractTitle.  Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale‐Motor Exam: inter‐rater reliability of advanced practice nurse and neurologist assessments. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to establish the inter‐rater reliability of advanced practice nurse and neurologist neurological assessments which included ratings with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale‐Motor Exam.Background.  Around the world, advanced practice nurses are performing tasks once completed only by physicians. To promote consumer and provider confidence, it is important to establish that nurse and physician ratings using assessment tools are similar. In addition in research settings, when different raters are used, establishment of inter‐rater reliability for study assessments is needed.Method.  Advanced practice nurses and neurologists independently recorded findings on neurological examinations of 46 participants in a study conducted between August 2007 and January 2008. An intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to estimate overall agreement between the nurse and neurologist ratings. Agreement for individual items measured on a dichotomous scale was assessed by calculating Cohen’s kappa.Results.  There was substantial agreement between advanced practice nurses and neurologists on the mean Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale‐Motor Exam ratings (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0·65) and the U.S. National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set neurological examination ratings of unremarkable findings (kappa = 0·74) and of gait disorder (kappa = 0·73). Moderate agreement (kappa = 0·53) was reached for the rating of whether all Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale‐Motor Exam items were normal.Conclusion.  These findings are consistent with studies of the inter‐rater agreement of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale‐Motor Exam and support the conduct of neurological assessments by advanced practice nurses.