bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of long‐term mortality in the elderly: the Dubbo Study
Authors: Simons L. A. , Simons J. , Friedlander Y. , McCallum J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  This study examines the predictors of long‐term all‐causes mortality (ACM) in Australian senior citizens.Methods:  We have analysed ACM in a cohort of 2805 citizens, 1233 men and 1572 women aged ≥60 years, first examined in 1988 and followed for 20 years. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ACM were obtained from Cox models employing conventional predictors.Results:  Over 20 years 66% of men (815/1233) and 53% of women (833/1572) died. Constant proportional hazard over the 20 years was demonstrated for all predictors, indicating similar relative hazard of ACM during long‐term or short‐term follow up. There was significant prediction of ACM by current smoking (hazard ratio 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.57–2.43 in men; 1.67, 1.32–2.10 in women), high blood pressure (1.37, 1.03–1.81; 1.41, 1.07–1.86), diabetes (1.46, 1.17–1.82; 1.83, 1.43–2.34), impaired peak expiratory flow (1.39, 1.15–1.69; 1.80, 1.47–2.21), coronary heart disease at study entry in men (1.33, 1.13–1.57), physical disability (1.38, 1.13–1.68; 1.45, 1.17–1.79) and alcohol intake (0.82, 0.69–0.97; 0.77, 0.66–0.89 respectively). ACM was not significantly predicted by standard lipid parameters. Over the 20‐year period smoking was associated with reduced survival of 41 months in men and 25 months in women, hypertension with reduced survival of 20 and 17 months, and diabetes with reduced survival of 24 and 30 months respectively.Conclusions:  The findings confirm the contribution of cigarette smoking, hypertension and diabetes to ACM in senior citizens, conditions that are potentially amenable to intervention.
Un‐promoted issues in inflammatory bowel disease: opportunities to optimize care
Authors: Andrews J. M. , Mountifield R. E. , Van Langenberg D. R. , Bampton P. A. , Holtmann G. J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gut, which lead to significant morbidity and impaired quality of life (QoL) in sufferers, without generally affecting mortality. Despite CD and UC being chronic, life‐long illnesses, most medical management is directed at acute flares of disease. Moreover, with more intensive medical therapy and the development of biological therapy, there is a risk that management will become even more narrowly focused on acute care, and be directed only at those with more severe disease, rather than encompassing all sufferers and addressing important non‐acute issues. This imbalance of concentration of medical attention on ‘high‐end’ care is in part driven by the need to perform and publish randomized clinical trials of newer therapies to obtain registration and licensing for these agents, which thus occupy a large proportion of the recent IBD treatment literature. This leads to less attention on relatively ‘low‐technology’ issues including: (i) the psychosocial burden of chronic disease, QoL and specific psychological comorbidities; (ii) comorbidity with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs); (iii) maintenance therapy, monitoring and compliance; (iv) smoking (with regard to CD); (v) sexuality, fertility, family planning and pregnancy; and (vi) iron deficiency and anaemia. We propose these to be the ‘Un‐promoted Issues’ in IBD and review the importance and treatment of each of these in the current management of IBD.
Herniation of fallopian tube through perforated uterine wall during previous first trimester surgical abortion in an infertile patient
Authors: Alanbay İbrahim , Dede Murat , Karaşahin Emre , Üstün Yusuf , Yenen Müfit Cemal , Başer İskender 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA unique case of fallopian tube herniation into the endometrial cavity after dilatation and curettage is presented. A 28‐year‐old patient who had secondary infertility for 2 years following dilatation and curettage without any other specific complaint was evaluated by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. During these procedures, herniation of the right tube and infundibulopelvic ligament into the uterine cavity were observed. The herniation was repaired through a minilaparotomy incision.
Endometriosis in a patient with Rokitansky‐Kuster‐Hauser syndrome
Authors: Cho Moon Kyoung , Kim Cheol Hong , Oh Sung Tack 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEndometriosis in Rokitansky‐Kuster‐Hauser syndrome has been reported only once previously. We present here a case of endometrioma in a patient with Rokitansky‐Kuster‐Hauser syndrome. A 26‐year‐old patient with Rokitansky‐Kuster‐Hauser syndrome presented with abrupt pain in the left iliac quadrant. A mass was confirmed by sonography. Laparoscopic inspection revealed no uterus. The mass was removed laparoscopically. Endometriosis was confirmed histologically. If endometrioma in a patient with Rokitansky‐Kuster‐Hauser syndrome is associated with a small rudimentary unicornis uterus with a small endometrial cavity, endometriosis can be assumed to have developed by retrograde menstruation theory. Because the patient did not have a functioning endometrium, her endometrioma is assumed to have arisen from coelomic metaplasia.
Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic ring 22 duplication/deletion with terminal 22q13 deletion due to abnormal first trimester screening and choroid plexus cyst detected on ultrasound
Authors: Koç Altuğ , Arısoy Özgür , Pala Elif , Erdem Mehmet , Kaymak Ayşegül Öztürk , Erkal Özgür , Karaoğuz Meral Yirmibeş 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report a rare case of mosaic ring chromosome 22 duplication/deletion in a fetus for whom karyotype analysis was required because of an abnormal finding in the maternal serum screening test and a choroid plexus cyst detected on prenatal ultrasound. Additional prenatal study of the amniotic fluid by fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed and the terminal 22q13.3 deletion was detected on ring chromosome. The final karyotype was 45,XX,‐22[3]/46,XX,r(22)(p11q13.2)[63]/46,XX,idicr(22)(p11q13.2;p11q13.2)[2]dn.ishder(22)(N25+, ARSA‐, ter‐). The pegnancy was terminated. Cytogenetic analysis of the intracardiac blood also revealed ring 22 mosaicism with only one metaphase spread with idicr(22) as the unstable isodicentric rings are subsequently lost from most cells. We discuss the prenatal diagnosis of this rare condition.
Midtrimester termination of pregnancy using gemeprost in combination with laminaria in women who have previously undergone cesarean section
Authors: Obata‐Yasuoka Mana , Hamada Hiromi , Watanabe Hideki , Shimura Rena , Toyoda Maki , Yagi Hiroya , Takeshima Kinuko , Abe Kanako , Nakamura Yoshiko , Ogura Tsuyoshi , Fujiki Yutaka , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of midtrimester termination of pregnancy using gemeprost in combination with laminaria in women who had previously undergone cesarean section and in women who had not.Methods:  Between January 1999 and December 2006, we carried out a retrospective study of termination of pregnancy at 12–21 weeks of gestation at the University of Tsukuba Hospital. Termination of pregnancy was carried out by three‐step uterine cervical dilation using laminaria followed by vaginal administration of 1 mg gemeprost every 3 h for up to four doses over 24 h.Results:  A total of 173 women underwent midtrimester termination of pregnancy. The women were categorized into two groups: those who had previously undergone cesarean section (n = 26) (previous cesarean section group) and those who had not (n = 147) (control group). Seven women had undergone cesarean section at least twice. The gemeprost dose administered was 2.8 ± 1.4 mg for the previous cesarean section group and 2.4 ± 1.6 mg for the control group (difference in doses not significant). Although abnormal vaginal bleeding (>500 mL) was more likely to occur in the previous cesarean section group than in the control group (odds ratio, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–10.82), none of the woman required blood transfusion. Uterine rupture and failed abortion were not observed.Conclusion:  The efficacy and safety of our laminaria‐gemeprost protocol for termination of pregnancy during the midtrimester are similar for women who have previously undergone cesarean section and those who have not.
Clinical features of fetal growth restriction complicated later by preeclampsia
Authors: Mitani Minoru , Matsuda Yoshio , Makino Yasuo , Akizawa Yoshika , Ohta Hiroaki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective:  To assess the maternal and perinatal outcome of preeclampsia with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to assess the risk factors of FGR complicated later by preeclampsia.Subjects and Methods:  A cohort of women with preeclampsia and/or FGR (n = 306) were retrospectively reviewed. First, the maternal and perinatal outcome were compared between preeclampsia with FGR (n = 37) and preeclampsia without FGR (n = 96). Second, the clinical findings of FGR followed later by preeclampsia (n = 24) were compared to FGR without preeclampsia (n = 149).Results:  The incidence of severe hypertension and critical maternal complications in women with preeclampsia with FGR was significantly higher than in those with preeclampsia without FGR. In women diagnosed with FGR, 13.8% (24/173) developed preeclampsia later. In this group, FGR was diagnosed at 28.8 gestational weeks, which was then complicated by preeclampsia at a mean of 32.6 gestational weeks, and delivered at 33.3 gestational weeks. The diagnosis of FGR was earlier and the incidence of proteinuria at entry was more common in women with FGR complicated later by preeclampsia than in those with FGR without preeclampsia (45.8% vs 4.7%; P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Preeclampsia with FGR is severe condition which can possibly adversely affect the maternal condition. About 15% of all mothers diagnosed with FGR developed preeclampsia afterwards; therefore, those with FGR are considered to be candidates for close monitoring for the clinical manifestation of preeclampsia, and those with early‐onset FGR with proteinuria may represent a high‐risk group for preeclampsia.
Safety of cesarean myomectomy
Authors: Park Byung‐Joon , Kim Yong‐Wook 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  To examine the safety and appropriateness of uterine myomectomy during cesarean section.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective analysis of 97 patients who underwent myomectomy during cesarean section and 60 patients who had uterine myomas, but underwent cesarean section only, between January 2000 and December 2007. Based on the patients' medical records, we conducted an analysis of the characteristics of the uterine myomas, hematologic changes that occurred between the preoperative and postoperative phases, complications, and length of hospital stay.Results:  Changes in hemoglobin values between the preoperative and postoperative phases, indicating the degree of intraoperative bleeding, were evaluated. There were no significant differences between the two groups (cesarean myomectomy group [1.2 ± 1.2 g/dL] versus control group [1.1 ± 1.3 g/dL]). There were no significant differences in the frequency of blood transfusion, incidence of postoperative fever, duration of surgery, and length of hospital stay between the two groups. In patients who received a blood transfusion intraoperatively, the increased amount was added to the hemoglobin changes between the preoperative and postoperative phases (adjusted value). The difference in the adjusted value of hemoglobin change did not reach statistical significance (cesarean myomectomy group [1.3 ± 1.2 g/dL] versus control group [1.2 ± 1.1 g/dL]). When the size of the uterine myoma exceeded 6 cm, the operative time was longer in the cesarean myomectomy group.Conclusion:  Cesarean myomectomy is a safe surgical option with no significant complications if performed by an experienced practitioner.
Ultrasound guided internal jugular vein access in children and infant: A meta‐analysis of published studies
Authors: SIGAUT STEPHANIE , SKHIRI ALIA , STANY IDA , GOLMAR JONATHAN , NIVOCHE YVES , CONSTANT ISABELLE , MURAT ISABELLE , DAHMANI SOUHAYL 
Published: October 2009

SummaryIntroduction:  Central venous catheter placement is technically difficult in pediatric population especially in the younger patients. Ultrasound prelocation and/or guidance (UPG) of internal jugular vein (IJV) access has been shown to decrease failure rate and complications related to this invasive procedure. The goal of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the advantages of UPG over anatomical landmarks (AL) during IJV access in children and infants.Material and methods:  A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that focused on the comparison of UPG to AL techniques during IJV access in children and infants. Two reviewers independently assessed each study to meet inclusion criteria and extracted data. Data from each trial were combined to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) or the mean differences (MD), and their 95% confidence intervals [CI 95%]. I² statistics were used to assess statistics heterogeneity and to guide the use of fixed or random effect for computation of overall effects. Subgroup analysis was used to clarify the effects of the techniques used (prelocation or guidance) or the experience of practitioners.Results:  Literature found five articles. Most of the patients were cardiac surgery patients. In comparison with AL, UPG had no effect on IJV access failure rate (OR = 0.28 [0.05, 1.47], I² = 75%, P = 0.003), the rate of carotid artery puncture (OR = 0.32 [0.06, 1.62], I² = 68%, P = 0.01), haematoma, haemothorax, or pneumothorax occurrence (OR = 0.40 [0.14, 1.13], I² = 17%, P = 0.30, OR = 0.72, OR = 0.81 [0.18, 3.73], I² = 0%, P = 0.94, respectively) and time to IJV access and haemothorax/pneumothorax occurrence. Subgroup analysis found an efficacy of ultrasound when used by novice operators or during intraoperative use.Discussion:  This current meta‐analysis does not found the utility of ultrasound during IJV access in children and infants in increasing the success rate and in decreasing complications.
Alveolar recruitment strategy and PEEP improve oxygenation, dynamic compliance of respiratory system and end‐expiratory lung volume in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease
Authors: SCOHY THIERRY V. , BIKKER IDO G. , HOFLAND JAN , De JONG PETER L. , BOGERS AD J.J.C. , GOMMERS DIEDERIK 
Published: October 2009

SummaryObjective:  Optimizing alveolar recruitment by alveolar recruitment strategy (ARS) and maintaining lung volume with adequate positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) allow preventing ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI). Knowing that PEEP has its most beneficial effects when dynamic compliance of respiratory system (Crs) is maximized, we hypothesize that the use of 8 cm H2O PEEP with ARS results in an increase in Crs and end‐expiratory lung volume (EELV) compared to 8 cm H2O PEEP without ARS and to zero PEEP in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease.Methods:  Twenty consecutive children were studied. Three different ventilation strategies were applied to each patient in the following order: 0 cm H2O PEEP, 8 cm H2O PEEP without an ARS, and 8 cm H2O PEEP with a standardized ARS. At the end of each ventilation strategy, Crs, EELV, and arterial blood gases were measured.Results:  EELV, Crs, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio changed significantly (P < 0.001) with the application of 8 cm H2O + ARS. Mean PaCO2– PETCO2 difference between 0 PEEP and 8 cm H2O PEEP + ARS was also significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  An alveolar recruitment strategy with relative high PEEP significantly improves Crs, oxygenation, PaCO2– PETCO2 difference, and EELV in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease.
Reversal of rocuronium‐induced profound neuromuscular block by sugammadex in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: De BOER HANS D. , Van ESMOND JAN , BOOIJ LEO H.J.D. , DRIESSEN JACQUES J. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryA case is reported in which a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy received a dose of sugammadex to reverse a rocuronium‐induced profound neuromuscular block. Sugammadex is the first selective relaxant binding agent and reverses rocuronium‐ and vecuronium‐induced neuromuscular block. A fast and efficient recovery from profound neuromuscular block was achieved, and no adverse events or other safety concerns were observed.
Biodiversity in a complex world: consolidation and progress in functional biodiversity research
Authors: Hillebrand Helmut , Matthiessen Birte 
Published: October 2009

Ecology Letters(2009) 12: 1405–1419AbstractThe global decline of biodiversity caused by human domination of ecosystems worldwide is supposed to alter important process rates and state variables in these ecosystems. However, there is considerable debate on the prevalence and importance of biodiversity effects on ecosystem function (BDEF). Here, we argue that much of the debate stems from two major shortcomings. First, most studies do not directly link the traits leading to increased or decreased function to the traits needed for species coexistence and dominance. We argue that implementing a trait‐based approach and broadening the perception of diversity to include trait dissimilarity or trait divergence will result in more realistic predictions on the consequences of altered biodiversity. Second, the empirical and theoretical studies do not reflect the complexity of natural ecosystems, which makes it difficult to transfer the results to natural situations of species loss. We review how different aspects of complexity (trophic structure, multifunctionality, spatial or temporal heterogeneity, and spatial population dynamics) alter our perception of BDEF. We propose future research avenues concisely testing whether acknowledging this complexity will strengthen the observed biodiversity effects. Finally, we propose that a major future task is to disentangle biodiversity effects on ecosystem function from direct changes in function due to human alterations of abiotic constraints.
Phenotypic divergence during the invasion of Phyla canescens in Australia and France: evidence for selection‐driven evolution
Authors: Xu Cheng‐Yuan , Julien Mic H. , Fatemi Mohammad , Girod Christophe , Van Klinken Rieks D. , Gross Caroline L. , Novak Stephen J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRapid adaptive evolution has been advocated as a mechanism that promotes invasion. Demonstrating adaptive evolution in invasive species requires rigorous analysis of phenotypic shifts driven by selection. Here, we document selection‐driven evolution of Phyla canescens, an Argentine weed, in two invaded regions (Australia and France). Invasive populations possessed similar or higher diversity than native populations, and displayed mixed lineages from different sources, suggesting that genetic bottlenecks in both countries might have been alleviated by multiple introductions. Compared to native populations, Australian populations displayed more investment in sexual reproduction, whereas French populations possessed enhanced vegetative reproduction and growth. We partitioned evolutionary forces (selection vs. stochastic events) using two independent methods. Results of both analyses suggest that the pattern of molecular and phenotypic variability among regions was consistent with selection‐driven evolution, rather than stochastic events. Our findings indicate that selection has shaped the evolution of P. canescens in two different invaded regions. Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 32–44
Evolutionary history and distance dependence control survival of dipterocarp seedlings
Authors: Bagchi Robert , Press Malcolm C. , Scholes Julie D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOne important hypothesis to explain tree‐species coexistence in tropical forests suggests that increased attack by natural enemies near conspecific trees gives locally rare species a competitive advantage. Host ranges of natural enemies generally encompass several closely related plant taxa suggesting that seedlings should also do poorly around adults of closely related species. We investigated the effects of adult Parashorea malaanonan on seedling survival in a Bornean rain forest. Survival of P. malaanonan seedlings was highest at intermediate distances from parent trees while heterospecific seedlings were unaffected by distance. Leaf herbivores did not drive this relationship. Survival of seedlings was lowest for P. malaanonan, and increased with phylogenetic dissimilarity from this species, suggesting that survival of close relatives of common species is reduced. This study suggests that distance dependence contributes to species coexistence and highlights the need for further investigation into the role of shared plant enemies in community dynamics. Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 51–59
Strict cospeciation of devescovinid flagellates and Bacteroidales ectosymbionts in the gut of dry‐wood termites (Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Desai Mahesh S. , Strassert Jürgen F. H. , Meuser Katja , Hertel Horst , Ikeda‐Ohtsubo Wakako , Radek Renate , Brune Andreas 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe surface of many termite gut flagellates is colonized with a dense layer of bacteria, yet little is known about the evolutionary relationships of such ectosymbionts and their hosts. Here we investigated the molecular phylogenies of devescovinid flagellates (Devescovina spp.) and their symbionts from a wide range of dry‐wood termites (Kalotermitidae). From species‐pure flagellate suspensions isolated with micropipettes, we obtained SSU rRNA gene sequences of symbionts and host. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Devescovina spp. present in many species of Kalotermitidae form a monophyletic group, which includes also the unique devescovinid flagellate Caduceia versatilis. All members of this group were consistently associated with a distinct lineage of Bacteroidales, whose location on the cell surface was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The well‐supported congruence of the phylogenies of devescovinids and their ectosymbionts documents a strict cospeciation. In contrast, the endosymbionts of the same flagellates (‘Endomicrobia’) were clearly polyphyletic and must have been acquired independently by horizontal transfer from other flagellate lineages. Also the Bacteroidales ectosymbionts of Oxymonas flagellates present in several Kalotermitidae belonged to several distantly related lines of descent, underscoring the general perception that the evolutionary history of flagellate–bacteria symbioses in the termite gut is complex.