bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Hydrosilylation over Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2: Enhanced Activity and Polymerization Kinetics
Authors: Zhang Yushu , Wu Shufang , Ma Wenqiang , Liu Xiaoxuan , Li Zhiquan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great research and application value in various types of hydrosilylation reactions. However, studies on photocatalysis‐induced hydrosilylation using MOFs are extremely rare. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs)@MOFs are extensively studied for their excellent structural tunability and photocatalytic activity, but there are few reports on their application in photocatalytic hydrosilylation. Here, a novel photocatalyst consisting of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles immobilized in a MOF framework is synthesized and used for photocatalytic hydrosilylation. The effects of various factors on hydrosilylation conversion are investigated, including catalyst concentration, substrate ratio, and irradiation intensity. Furthermore, the photoreactivity of the synthesized Pt catalyst is evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of 2‐chlorothixanthone as a photosensitizer. It is noteworthy that the conversion of the reaction increases with increasing catalyst concentration or photosensitizer concentration, whereas increasing the polymethylhydrosiloxane content does not lead to a significant increase in conversion. This study demonstrates the potential of MNPs@MOFs as efficient photocatalysts for photoinduced hydrosilylation reactions and paves the way for future applications in this area.
Synthesizing PET images from high‐field and ultra‐high‐field MR images using joint diffusion attention model
Authors: Xie Taofeng , Cao Chentao , Cui Zhuo‐xu , Guo Yu , Wu Caiying , Wang Xuemei , Li Qingneng , Hu Zhanli , Sun Tao , Sang Ziru , Zhou Yihang , Zhu Yanjie , Liang Dong , Jin Qiyu , Zeng Hongwu , Chen Guoqing , Wang Haifeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) stand as pivotal diagnostic tools for brain disorders, offering the potential for mutually enriching disease diagnostic perspectives. However, the costs associated with PET scans and the inherent radioactivity have limited the widespread application of PET. Furthermore, it is noteworthy to highlight the promising potential of high‐field and ultra‐high‐field neuroimaging in cognitive neuroscience research and clinical practice. With the enhancement of MRI resolution, a related question arises: can high‐resolution MRI improve the quality of PET images?PurposeThis study aims to enhance the quality of synthesized PET images by leveraging the superior resolution capabilities provided by high‐field and ultra‐high‐field MRI.MethodsFrom a statistical perspective, the joint probability distribution is considered the most direct and fundamental approach for representing the correlation between PET and MRI. In this study, we proposed a novel model, the joint diffusion attention model, namely, the joint diffusion attention model (JDAM), which primarily focuses on learning information about the joint probability distribution. JDAM consists of two primary processes: the diffusion process and the sampling process. During the diffusion process, PET gradually transforms into a Gaussian noise distribution by adding Gaussian noise, while MRI remains fixed. The central objective of the diffusion process is to learn the gradient of the logarithm of the joint probability distribution between MRI and noise PET. The sampling process operates as a predictor‐corrector. The predictor initiates a reverse diffusion process, and the corrector applies Langevin dynamics.ResultsExperimental results from the publicly available Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset highlight the effectiveness of the proposed model compared to state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) models such as Pix2pix and CycleGAN. Significantly, synthetic PET images guided by ultra‐high‐field MRI exhibit marked improvements in signal‐to‐noise characteristics when contrasted with those generated from high‐field MRI data. These results have been endorsed by medical experts, who consider the PET images synthesized through JDAM to possess scientific merit. This endorsement is based on their symmetrical features and precise representation of regions displaying hypometabolism, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.ConclusionsThis study establishes the feasibility of generating PET images from MRI. Synthesis of PET by JDAM significantly enhances image quality compared to SOTA models.
Free‐breathing 3D whole‐heart joint T1/T2 mapping and water/fat imaging at 0.55 T
Authors: Si Dongyue , Crabb Michael G. , Kunze Karl P. , Littlewood Simon J. , Prieto Claudia , Botnar René M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate a highly efficient motion compensated free‐breathing isotropic resolution 3D whole‐heart joint T1/T2 mapping sequence with anatomical water/fat imaging at 0.55 T.MethodsThe proposed sequence takes advantage of shorter T1 at 0.55 T to acquire three interleaved water/fat volumes with inversion‐recovery preparation, no preparation, and T2 preparation, respectively. Image navigators were used to facilitate nonrigid motion‐compensated image reconstruction. T1 and T2 maps were jointly calculated by a dictionary matching method. Validations were performed with simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments on 10 healthy volunteers and 1 patient. The performance of the proposed sequence was compared with conventional 2D mapping sequences including modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery and T2‐prepared balanced steady‐SSFP sequence.ResultsThe proposed sequence has a good T1 and T2 encoding sensitivity in simulation, and excellent agreement with spin‐echo reference T1 and T2 values was observed in a standardized T1/T2 phantom (R2 = 0.99). In vivo experiments provided good‐quality co‐registered 3D whole‐heart T1 and T2 maps with 2‐mm isotropic resolution in a short scan time of about 7 min. For healthy volunteers, left‐ventricle T1 mean and SD measured by the proposed sequence were both comparable with those of modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery (640 ± 35 vs. 630 ± 25 ms [p = 0.44] and 49.9 ± 9.3 vs. 54.4 ± 20.5 ms [p = 0.42]), whereas left‐ventricle T2 mean and SD measured by the proposed sequence were both slightly lower than those of T2‐prepared balanced SSFP (53.8 ± 5.5 vs. 58.6 ± 3.3 ms [p < 0.01] and 5.2 ± 0.9 vs. 6.1 ± 0.8 ms [p = 0.03]). Myocardial T1 and T2 in the patient measured by the proposed sequence were in good agreement with conventional 2D sequences and late gadolinium enhancement.ConclusionThe proposed sequence simultaneously acquires 3D whole‐heart T1 and T2 mapping with anatomical water/fat imaging at 0.55 T in a fast and efficient 7‐min scan. Further investigation in patients with cardiovascular disease is now warranted.
Experiences of middle‐aged individuals with lower extremity amputation caused by diabetic foot ulcer after disability in China: A qualitative study
Authors: Xu Ziwei , Cheng Kangyao , Wang Kuan , Gui Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo understand the experiences of individuals who undergo LEA due to DFU after disability.DesignA descriptive research design in qualitative research.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were used in this qualitative descriptive study. Eleven middle‐aged patients (45–59 years) who underwent LEA due to DFU were purposively selected and interviewed. Qualitative data were thematically analysed.ResultsThree themes and 10 subthemes were identified. The themes were (1) role function confusion, (2) self‐concept stress and (3) unreasonable objective support. Subthemes included (1) weakened career role, (2) family role reversal, (3) social role restriction, (4) over‐focusing on appearance, (5) immersion in patient experience, (6) living with faith, (7) polarization of independent consciousness, (8) low perceived benefits of peer support, (9) existence of treatment disruption and (10) poor participation in medical decision‐making.
Reducing the computational complexity of implicit schemes in the modeling of kinetic inelastic collisions in a partially ionized plasma
Authors: Lederman Carl , Bilyeu David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModeling the time evolution of atomic number densities and the kinetic (non‐Maxwellian) electron energy distribution function under the action of electron impact collisions by classical approaches requires an implicit time‐stepping scheme to maintain numerical stability. The resulting linear system that must be iteratively solved at each time step incorporates a dense (nonsparse) matrix. For variables being propagated, the computational cost is . We present an alternative approach with a computational cost of , which is the same order as the computational cost of an explicit method for propagating a system of this type. The approach relies on a combination of classical iterative derivative evaluations, combinatorial approximations, and some ideas from deep machine learning.
A real space convolution‐based approximate algorithm for phase field model involving elastic strain energy
Authors: Gao YaQian , Chi XueBin , Yin JiXian , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhase field models have been employed extensively in the study of microstructure evolution in materials. Elasticity plays an important role in solid‐state phase transformation processes, and it is usually introduced into phase field models in terms of the elastic strain energy by applying Khachaturyan–Shatalov microelasticity theory. Conventionally, this energy is derived in the reciprocal space and results in full‐space Fourier transformation in practice, which becomes bottle‐neck in large‐scale and massively‐parallel applications. In this article, we propose an error‐controlled approximation algorithm for scalable and efficient calculation of the elastic strain energy in phase field models. We first derive a real‐space convolutional representation of the elastic strain energy by representing the equilibrium displacements in the Khachaturyan–Shatalov microelasticity theory using Green's function. Then we propose an error‐controlled truncation criterion to approximate the corresponding terms in the phase field model. Finally, a carefully designed parallel algorithm is presented to carry out large‐scale simulations. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated by real‐world large‐scale phase field simulations.
Does humic acid foliar application affect growth and nutrient status of water‐stressed maize?
Authors: Pitann Britta , Khan Kamran , Mühling Karl H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's most important crops, but its productivity is at high risk as climate change increases the risk of water stress. Therefore, the development of mitigation strategies to combat water stress in agriculture is fundamental to ensure food security. Humic acids are known to have a positive effect on drought tolerance, but data on their efficacy under waterlogging are lacking. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of a new humic acid product, a by‐product of Ukrainian bentonite mining, on maize growth and nutrient status under waterlogging. Maize was grown for 9 weeks and three water stress treatments, which were applied for 14 days: waterlogging, alternating waterlogging and drought, and drought. On the day of stress application, the humic acid product (1% v/v) was applied to the leaves. Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values were recorded during the stress treatments. Plants were harvested after stressing ceased and fresh weight and P and Zn status were analyzed. Drought reduced shoot fresh weight, while it was unaffected under waterlogging. This is in contrast to SPAD readings, which showed a significant decrease over time under submergence, but not under drought. Under alternating stress, although SPAD values declined under waterlogging but stabilized when switched to drought, no growth reduction was apparent. Application of the humic acid product was ineffective in all cases. Although anthocyanin discoloration occurred under waterlogging stress, P deficiency, which is usually the main factor driving anthocyanin formation, was not the reason. Interestingly, Zn concentration decreased under waterlogging but not under the other stresses, which was alleviated by humic acid application. However, no effect of foliar‐applied humic acids was observed under alternating and drought stress. It can be concluded that the tested humic acid product has the potential to improve the Zn status of maize under waterlogging.
The effect of the vanillin‐derived Si‐containing compound on the curing behavior, thermal and mechanical properties of bismaleimide resins
Authors: Liu Bo , Yuan Zhigang , Derradji Mehdi , Liu Caizhao , Sun Mingming , Zhang Xugang , Xue Gang , Song Caiyu , Zhang Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBismaleimide (BMI) resins is widely used in the aerospace field because of its excellent properties, but its poor toughness limits the possibility of its application in a wider range of fields. Therefore, a novel bio‐compound, 4‐(allyloxy)‐3‐methoxy‐N‐(3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl)benzamide (AMTPM), was designed and synthesized from renewable vanillin, which has Schiff‐base structure, silico‐oxygen bond structure, and allyl structure. The chemical structure of AMTPM has been characterized and validated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). It was found that the addition of AMTPM can effectively promote the curing behavior of BD resins (BMI and diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) was mixed and cured at the ratio of 1:0.87, named BD resins). AMTPM can affect the thermal stability and improve the mechanical properties of BD‐AMTPM resins (BD resins modified by AMTPM in different addition), and the detailed discussion was conducted. With the increase of AMTPM content, the thermal stability of BD‐AMTPM resins was deteriorated while the residual weight percentage at 800°C (Yc) was increased. When the content of AMTPM reached 12 wt%, the results showed that Yc achieved the values at a magnitude of 37.57%. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature (Tg) achieved 320°C. Among the BD‐AMTPM resins system, the BD‐6 wt% AMTPM has the best toughness and mechanical properties. The impact strength was increased by 29.2%, the tensile strength was increased by 22.1% and the elongation at break was increased by 44%. The fracture morphology of BD‐AMTPM resins was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to support the mechanical experimental conclusions. This study provides a more environmentally friendly and convenient modifier, which is of great significance for expanding the application of bismaleimide resin.Highlights
A bio‐based modifying agent (AMTPM) was designed and successfully synthesized.
AMTPM has both Si‐O and Schiff‐base structures.
AMTPM can effectively improve the toughness of BD‐AMTPM resins through impact and tensile tests.
Barriers to and enablers of physical activity participation in lung cancer survivors
Authors: Fram Julia , Boss Kathleen , Villaflor Victoria , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough physical activity has been shown to have significant benefits for individuals living with cancer, engaging lung cancer survivors (LCS) in increasing routine physical activity participation has been particularly challenging.PurposeTo describe enablers of, barriers to, and patterns of physical activity among LCS and to characterize interest in a physical activity program as a first step to improving physical activity engagement.MethodsThe study consisted of a cross‐sectional survey (n = 100) of adult LCS recruited from a thoracic oncology clinic assessing multiple domains of physical activity (engagement, perceived barriers, benefits, physical function, psychosocial factors, self‐efficacy, and programmatic preferences).ResultsOnly 12% of LCS in our cohort (average age 67 years, 54% male, 81% with stage III or IV disease) met American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) physical activity guidelines. Participants engaged in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, with an average (SD) of 48.4 (91.8) minutes per week. The most commonly reported barriers to physical activity were fatigue (49%), dyspnea (39%), and difficulty with daily activities (34%). Regression analysis demonstrated a positive association between moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and higher income (r = 0.241, p = .016), physical function (r = 0.281, p = .005), and physical activity self‐efficacy (r = 0.270, p = .007). Qualitative results demonstrated a strong interest in physical activity programming that is lung‐cancer specific with a high level of support and guidance.ConclusionThis study identified that LCS had low levels of physical activity with fatigue, dyspnea, socioeconomic, and functional limitations contributing. The majority of LCS are interested in an exercise program and believe that exercise engagement will produce functional benefits. The present study presents a framework to guide development of community‐based interventions to increase LCS physical activity participation among LCS.
Polysaccharide‐based H2S donors: Thiol‐ene functionalization of amylopectin with H2S‐releasing N‐thiocarboxyanhydrides
Authors: Chinn Abigail F. , Williams Noah R. , Miller Kevin M. , Matson John B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolymeric donors of gasotransmitters, gaseous signaling molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide, hold potential for localized and extended delivery of these reactive gases. Examples of gasotransmitter donors based on polysaccharides are limited despite the availability and generally low toxicity of this broad class of polymers. In this work, we sought to create a polysaccharide H2S donor by covalently attaching N‐thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs) to amylopectin, the major component of starch. To accomplish this, we added an allyl group to an NTA, which can spontaneously hydrolyze to release carbonyl sulfide and ultimately H2S via the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase, and then coupled it to thiol‐functionalized amylopectin of three different molecular weights (MWs) through thiol‐ene “click” photochemistry. We also varied the degree of substitution (DS) of the NTA along the amylopectin backbone. H2S release studies on the six samples, termed amyl‐NTAs, with variable MWs (three) and DS values (two), revealed that lower MW and higher DS led to faster release. Finally, dynamic light scattering experiments suggested that aggregation increased with MW, which may also have affected H2S release rates. Collectively, these studies present a new synthetic method to produce polysaccharide H2S donors for applications in the biomedical field.
Comparing the performance of the Cpk and (X‐bar, S) sampling plans
Authors: Costa Antonio Fernando Branco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhen the Cpk sampling plan is in use, a sample of size (n) is taken from the lot, and the mean and the standard deviation of the sample observations are used to obtain the —the sample estimator of the Cpk index; if the is lower than a threshold (c0), then the lot is rejected, otherwise, the lot is accepted. In recent studies, the α and β risks are the risks of rejecting/accepting lots of items produced by in‐control/out‐of‐control processes with Cpks equal to (, that is, the two parameters (n, c0) of the Cpk sampling plans depend on the inputs (α, , βmax¸ ). When the design of the Cpk sampling plan is based on the inputs C0 and C1, the optimum sample size is always big and, excluding the cases where the magnitude of the mean shift is too small, the β risks associated to the combinations of mean shifts and variance increases (determined by the inputs C0 and C1) are always equal to the maximum allowed value βmax. This fact motivated us to compare the Cpk sampling plan with the (X‐bar, S) sampling plan, where the sample mean (X‐bar) and the sample standard deviation (S) are directly compared with thresholds. For most disturbances, the (X‐bar, S) sampling plan requires smaller samples to meet the condition of β ≤ βmax, that is, for a fixed sample size, it is always possible to find endless combinations of mean shifts and variance increases where the β risks of the (X‐bar, S) sampling plan are β = βmax, and the β risks of the Cpk sampling plan are β > βmax.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis mimicking lung cancer with multiple lung metastases
Authors: Ohnishi Hiroshi , Horino Taro , Nakajima Hideki , Yokoyama Akihito 
Published: June 2024

Key messageThe differential diagnosis of a lung mass with multiple pulmonary nodules includes metastases of lung cancer, mycobacterial infections, and pulmonary mycosis. Pulmonary cryptococcosis should be recognized, especially in immunocompromised patients.
“Gotta Love Some Human Connection”: Humanizing Data Expression in an Age of AI
Authors: McBride Cherise , Lee Clifford H. , Soep Elisabeth 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRapidly developing technological advances have raised new questions about what makes us uniquely human. As data and generative AI become more powerful, what does it mean to learn, teach, create, make meaning, and express ourselves, even as machines are trained to take care of these tasks for us? With youth, and in the context of literacy and media education, we embrace this moment to broaden our social imaginations. Our collaboration with journalists ages 14–25 from 2019 to 2023 has yielded a corpus of over 30 multimodal compositions constructed with and/or about AI reaching audiences in the millions. On the basis of these youth texts – produced within our participatory research at YR Media, a national STEAM learning center and platform for emerging BIPOC content creators – we developed the conceptual framework presented here: Humanizing Data Expression (HDE). The key role of expression in HDE distinguishes the human from the machine through the lens of storytelling. Analysis of this corpus (podcasts, web‐based interactives, videos, radio features, online posts, social media assets) revealed four literacy practices of YR Media authors as they made sense of AI: (1) contextualize: try out AI‐powered features, reveal how it works; (2) unveil authorship: introduce AI creators and processes; (3) grapple: explore tensions and paradoxes; (4) play: hack, mess with, outsmart, exaggerate AI. From these insights, we end with implications of HDE as a framework for learning and teaching AI literacy, including its potential for critically transforming data literacy practice and pedagogy across schools, teaching, and teacher education.
Percolation critical probabilities of matching lattice‐pairs
Authors: Grimmett Geoffrey R. , Li Zhongyang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA necessary and sufficient condition is established for the strict inequality between the critical probabilities of site percolation on a one‐ended, quasi‐transitive, plane graph and on its matching graph . When is transitive, strict inequality holds if and only if is not a triangulation. The basic approach is the standard method of enhancements, but its implementation has complexity arising from the non‐Euclidean (hyperbolic) space, the study of site (rather than bond) percolation, and the generality of the assumption of quasi‐transitivity. This result is complementary to the work of the authors (“Hyperbolic site percolation,” arXiv:2203.00981) on the equality , where is the critical probability for the existence of a unique infinite open cluster. It implies for transitive, one‐ended that , with equality if and only if is a triangulation.
Twin‐width of random graphs
Authors: Ahn Jungho , Chakraborti Debsoumya , Hendrey Kevin , Kim Donggyu , Oum Sang‐il 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigate the twin‐width of the Erdős‐Rényi random graph . We unveil a surprising behavior of this parameter by showing the existence of a constant such that with high probability, when , the twin‐width is asymptotically , whereas, when or , the twin‐width is significantly higher than . In addition, we show that the twin‐width of is concentrated around within an interval of length . For the sparse random graph, we show that with high probability, the twin‐width of is when .