bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A compact asymmetric coplanar strip fed dual‐band antenna for DCS/WLAN applications
Authors: Ashkarali P. , Sreenath S. , Sujith R. , Dinesh R. , Krishna D. D. , Aanandan C. K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) fed dual‐band antenna suitable for DCS/WLAN applications is presented. Dual‐band operation is achieved by modifying the signal strip of the ACS monopole. Parametric studies indicate that operating frequencies of the antenna are determined by the dimensions of the strip monopole. Measurements on the optimized antenna printed on an FR4 substrate with εr = 4.4 and height = 1.6 mm indicate good radiation characteristics with moderate gain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1087–1089, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26731
Wideband uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap structure with diagonal connecting elements
Authors: Trang Nguyen Dang , Lee Dong Hyun , Park Hyun Chang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA wideband uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap structure with diagonal connecting elements (UC‐DEBG) is proposed. Compared with a conventional uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (UC‐EBG) structure of similar dimensions with horizontal and vertical connecting elements, the UC‐DEBG structure significantly increases the equivalent inductance while decreases the equivalent capacitance, resulting in a much wider bandgap. Dispersion diagram method was used to calculate and compare bandgaps of both structures. Bandstop filters using each structure were simulated and fabricated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure. Larger bandgap (31%) was achieved from the UC‐DEBG structure over the conventional UC‐EBG structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:979–983, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26736
Influence of number of split rings on the leaky radiation of a metamaterial transmission line based on complementary split ring resonators
Authors: Eggermont Stephanie , Huynen Isabelle 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article discusses the influence of the number of concentric split rings on the radiation performances of a leaky wave antenna (LWA) created by a microstrip transmission line periodically loaded by series gaps and complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) in its ground plane.The addition of a second concentric split ring in the CSRR structure strongly modifies the distribution of electric and magnetic currents in each cell of the periodic LWA structure. As a consequence, the far‐field radiation pattern of the cell shows a zero in the broadside direction, which is responsible for an apparent split of the LWA radiation pattern at the upper frequency of the backward scanning range, predicted by full‐wave simulations and validated by measurements in anechoic chamber. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:867–875, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26739
One‐decibel insertion loss 1–14.3 GHz ultrawideband bandpass filter using standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology
Authors: Lin Chih‐Ying , Cheng Chia‐Hao , Lin Yo‐Sheng , Wang Chien‐Chin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA low insertion loss ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BP filter) with two finite transmission zeros (fz1 and fz2) at high‐frequency stopband by 0.18 μm CMOS technology was demonstrated. fz1 (the lower frequency one) and fz2 can be tuned individually by the shunt branch (L2, Rs2, C3, and C4 + Cp2) and the series inductor (L1, Rs1, and Cp1), respectively. The microstrip line interconnection lines as well as the spiral inductors were implemented by the 2.34‐μm‐thick topmost metal (M6) to minimize the resistive loss. This filter achieved insertion loss (1/S21) lower than 3 dB for frequencies 1–14.3 GHz, stopband rejection better than 20 dB for frequencies higher than 20.4 GHz, and input return loss (S11) better than −10 dB for frequencies 2.4–16.4 GHz. The minimum insertion loss was 1 dB at 4.2 GHz. To our knowledge, this is one of the best results ever reported for a CMOS UWB BP filter in the literature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1044–1047, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26743
Administrative complexities for a European observational study despite directives harmonising requirements
Authors: Gülmez Sinem Ezgi , Lignot‐Maleyran Séverine , de Vries Corinne S. , Sturkenboom Miriam , Micon Sophie , Hamoud Fatima , Blin Patrick , Moore Nicholas 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeFor pharmacoepidemiological studies in Europe, accessing data should require only authorisation by the relevant data protections committees, as expected from the 1995 Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC). Our experience from a multinational observational study across seven European countries shows that this is certainly not the case.MethodsThe study was a multicentre, multinational, case‐population study in European liver transplant centres in seven countries, retrospectively evaluating a 3‐year period. Before data collection started, the procedures to obtain the necessary authorisations for the participating countries were defined.RemarksIn France, a single opinion from a single data protection committee was enough to start the study. In Italy, Portugal, Greece and the UK, there was a national authority, but the hospitals requested the approval by their local committees/bodies irrespective of whether the authorisation of the national committee came after or before that of local ones. In Ireland, only one hospital participated, and the opinion of its ethics committee was sufficient. In the Netherlands, the opinion of the institutional review board of the local coordinating centre was necessary to obtain the opinions from the institutional review boards of the other hospitals. The information requested by the different committees and the time to obtain the approvals varied, even within the same country.ConclusionThis degree of complexity and disharmony, and resulting cost, was observed in a simple retrospective study. Regulators will need to be aware that these time‐consuming, expensive and useless complexities must be factored in when estimating the time and cost of a study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Violation detection method for vehicular ad hoc networking
Authors: Sridharamurthy Kumar , Govinda Abhilash Pernaje , Gopal Jyothi D. , Varaprasad Golla 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEvery hour, nearly 40 people under the age of 25 die in road accidents around the world. According to the World Health Organization, this is the second most important cause of death for 5‐ to 29‐year‐olds. In India, drunk driving and inefficient law enforcements are major contributing factors. The current system of visual identification of traffic violation, conducted by the traffic authorities, cannot work everywhere and every time. There is a great demand for simple and cost‐effective solutions to traffic safety problem. In this paper, we propose a traffic violation detection technique for vehicular ad hoc networks to detect crossing speed limits and analyzing the behavior of driver. In this work, we used a sensor device, a digital map and GPS‐based system for area of 1000 m × 1000 m. We analyzed the behavior of each vehicle in the network. Here, we have divided a network into a number of clusters, and each cluster has an infrastructure node (base station); the infrastructure node will be the point of contact for all the vehicles in that area. All infrastructure nodes communicate with a control center (master control room). If the driver violates traffic rule(s), then the infrastructure node will send an alert message to the control center. We have simulated our proposed model on a graphics package, and the simulation result suggests that drunken drivers can no longer escape from the law enforcers, which is the foundation for traffic safety. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zipping Effect on Omniphobic Surfaces for Controlled Deposition of Minute Amounts of Fluid or Colloids
Authors: Dufour Renaud , Brunet Philippe , Harnois Maxime , Boukherroub Rabah , Thomy Vincent , Senez Vincent 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhen a drop sits on a highly liquid‐repellent surface (super‐hydrophobic or super‐omniphobic) made of periodic micrometer‐sized posts, its contact‐line can recede with very weak mechanical retention providing that the liquid stays on top of the microsized posts. Occurring in both sliding and evaporation processes, the achievement of low‐contact‐angle hysteresis (low retention) is required for discrete microfluidic applications involving liquid motion or self‐cleaning; however, careful examination shows that during receding, a minute amount of liquid is left on top of the posts lying at the receding edge of the drop. For the first time, the heterogeneities of these deposits along the drop‐receding contact‐line are underlined. Both nonvolatile liquid and particle‐laden water are used to quantitatively characterize what rules the volume distribution of deposited liquid. The experiments suggest that the dynamics of the liquid de‐pinning cascade is likely to select the volume left on a specific post, involving the pinch‐off and detachment of a liquid bridge. In an applied prospective, this phenomenon dismisses such surfaces for self‐cleaning purposes, but offers an original way to deposit controlled amounts of liquid and (bio)‐particles at well‐targeted locations.
Inapplicability of fractional moving blood volume technique to standardize Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis indices for quantified three‐dimensional power Doppler
Authors: Welsh A. W. , Collins S. L. , Stevenson G. N. , Noble J. A. , Impey L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the technique of fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) is applicable to Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis II (VOCAL II™)‐based indices to quantify three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D‐PDU) by investigating the effect of gain level on the indices measured at a possible reference point for standardization.MethodsTen women with singleton pregnancy between 33 + 3 and 37 + 5  weeks' gestation were recruited. The optimal position for 3D acquisition of cord insertion into the placenta was identified and static 3D‐PDU volumes were acquired using consistent machine configurations. Without moving the probe or the participant changing position, successive 3D volumes were stored at −3, –5, –7 and −9 dB and at the individualized sub‐noise gain (SNG) level. Volumes were excluded if flash artifact was present, in which case all five volumes were reacquired. Using 4D View software, the cord insertion was magnified and the smallest sphere possible was used to measure vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI). The associations between VOCAL indices and gain level were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsVOCAL indices for cord insertion correlated poorly with gain level, whether fundamental or relative to SNG level (R2 = 0.07 and 0.04, respectively). VI was consistently 100% and mean FI and VFI were 99.5 (SD, 0.57), with all values > 97 irrespective of gain level.ConclusionsWhilst previous work has shown that gain correlates well with placental tissue VOCAL indices, the correlation between gain level and VOCAL indices in an area of 100% vascularity at the cord insertion is poor. Regions of 100% vascularity appear to be artificially assigned a value approaching 100% for all VOCAL indices irrespective of gain level. This precludes using the technique of VOCAL indices from large vessels to standardize power Doppler measurements and the FMBV index is therefore not applicable to image analysis using VOCAL.
Numerical and behavioural response of Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus on population growth of the expansive Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans
Authors: Skórka Piotr , Wójcik Joanna D. , Martyka Rafał , Lenda Magdalena 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe monitored population size from 1996 to 2003 and studied behavioural interactions (in 2001) between the native Black-headed GullChroicocephalus ridibundusand an expansive, opportunistic predator, the Caspian GullLarus cachinnans, at water reservoirs in Poland. The expansive species caused a population decline in the native species and affected its choice of nest sites. The Black-headed Gulls perceived the risk of predation on the part of the larger Caspian Gulls. When both species occurred in close proximity, the native gull breeding pairs built nests where the vegetation was higher and its cover greater than at the sites chosen by pairs breeding far away from the expansive species. The native gulls in proximity to the expansive species spent more time guarding their nests. However, this was not compensatory, as egg losses were higher and breeding success much lower in pairs breeding near the Caspian Gulls than in those breeding far from the latter. Such a low breeding performance in the Black-headed Gulls was probably caused either by predation on the part of Caspian Gulls or by aggressive interactions among Black-headed Gulls. In fact, the rate of intraspecific aggression in native gulls was higher in pairs breeding in proximity to the expansive species than in those breeding far away from it. These intraspecific fights, caused by the presence of the expansive species were, at least partially, responsible for egg and chick losses. We did not find the presence of native gulls to have any effect on the behaviour and breeding performance of the expansive gull. These results indicate that the expansive predatory Caspian Gull negatively affects local population size and alters the behaviour of the native Black-headed Gull, and may, both directly and indirectly, affect its reproductive performance.
Clinical variability of isovaleric acidemia in a genetically homogeneous population
Authors: Dercksen M. , Duran M. , IJlst L. , Mienie L. J. , Reinecke C. J. , Ruiter J. P. N. , Waterham H. R. , Wanders R. J. A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIsovaleric acidemia (IVA) is one of the most common organic acidemias found in South Africa. Since 1983, a significant number of IVA cases have been identified in approximately 20,000 Caucasian patients screened for metabolic defects. IVA is caused by an autosomal recessive deficiency of isovaleryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) resulting in the accumulation of isovaleryl‐CoA and its metabolites. In total, 10 IVA patients and three carriers were available for phenotypic and genotypic investigation in this study. All patients were found to be homozygous for a single c.367 G > A (p.G123R) mutation. The amino acid substitution of a glycine to arginine resulted in a markedly reduced steady‐state level of the IVD protein, which explains the nearly complete lack of IVD enzyme activity as assessed in fibroblast homogenates. Despite the genetic homogeneity of this South African IVA group, the clinical presentation varied widely, ranging from severe mental handicap and multiple episodes of metabolic derangement to an asymptomatic state. The variation may be due to poor dietary intervention, delayed diagnosis or even epigenetic and polygenetic factors of unknown origin.
AN ARBITRARY INTERSECTION OFLp-SPACES
Authors: ABTAHI F. , AMINI H. G. , LOTFI H. A. , REJALI A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFor a locally compact groupGand an arbitrary subsetJof [1,∞], we introduceILJ(G) as a subspace of ⋂p∈JLp(G) with some norm to make it a Banach space. Then, for some special choice ofJ, we investigate some topological and algebraic properties ofILJ(G) as a Banach algebra under a convolution product.
JURISDICTION IN EMPLOYMENT MATTERS UNDER BRUSSELS I: A REASSESSMENT
Authors: Grušić Uglješa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article examines the rules of jurisdiction in employment matters of Brussels I. It focuses on a paradox in that these rules aim to protect employees jurisdictionally, but in fact fail to accord employees a more favourable treatment when they need it most, namely when they appear as claimants. The article argues that the current rules fail to achieve the objective of employee protection, examines the reasons for this, proposes certain amendments that would improve the existing rules, and thereby engages in the debate surrounding the forthcoming review of Brussels I.
The effect of grazing season length on nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen balance in spring-calving dairy production systems
Authors: RYAN W. , HENNESSY D. , BOLAND T. M. , SHALLOO L. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThere is a continual requirement for grass-based production systems to optimize economic and environmental sustainability through increased efficiency in the use of all inputs, especially nitrogen (N). An N balance model was used to assess N use efficiency and N surplus, and to predict N losses from grass-based dairy production systems differing in the length of the grazing season (GS). Data from a 3-year grazing study with a 3×3 factorial design, with three turnout dates (1 February, 21 February and 15 March) and three housing dates (25 October, 10 November and 25 November) were used to generate estimates of N use efficiency and N losses. As the length of the GS increased by a mean of 30 days, milk production, milk solids production and milk N output increased by 3, 6 and 6%, respectively. The increase in milk production as the length of the GS increased resulted in a 2% decline in N surplus and a 5% increase in N use efficiency. Increasing GS length increased the proportion of grazed grass in the diet, which increased N cycling within the system, resulting in an 8% increase in milk solids/ha produced/kg of surplus N. The increased cycling of N reduced the quantity of N partitioned for loss to the environment by 8%. Reducing fertilizer N input by 20% increased N use efficiency by 22% and reduced total N losses by 16%. The environmental and production consequences of increased length of the GS and reduced N loss are favourable as the costs associated with N inputs increase.
The occurrence ofTrichinella zimbabwensisin naturally infected wild crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) from the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: La Grange L.J. , Govender D. , Mukaratirwa S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTrichinella zimbabwensishas been found naturally infecting crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Ethiopia and South Africa, as well as monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus) in Zimbabwe. The reports on natural infections were mostly accidental rather than structured surveys and involved very few animals. Previous surveillance studies in South Africa reported a 38.5% prevalence ofT. zimbabwensisamong wild crocodiles tested from the Mpumalanga province and Kruger National Park (KNP). No studies have been conducted to date on the geographical distribution and occurrence ofT. zimbabwensisin wild crocodiles and varans in countries in southern Africa. Recent outbreaks of pansteatitis in crocodile populations of the KNP, South Africa, provided an opportunity to conduct a more structured survey aimed at elucidating the occurrence and distribution ofT. zimbabwensisin culled wild crocodile populations within the KNP. Results from this study showed thatT. zimbabwensisoccurred in 10 out of 12 culled crocodiles form the KNP. The results also showed that the natural distribution ofT. zimbabwensisin crocodiles includes all the major river systems in the KNP. The predilection sites of larvae in muscles followed a different pattern in naturally infected crocodiles compared to observations in experimentally infected mammalian hosts.
Interactions among four parasite species in an amphipod population from Patagonia
Authors: Rauque C.A. , Semenas L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractParasites commonly share their hosts with specimens of the same or different parasite species, resulting in multiple parasites obtaining resources from the same host. This could potentially lead to conflicts between co-infecting parasites, especially at high infection intensities. In Pool Los Juncos (Patagonia, Argentina), the amphipodHyalella patagonicais an intermediate host to three parasites that mature in birds (the acanthocephalanPseudocorynosomasp. and larval stages of two Cyclophyllidea cestodes), in addition to a microsporidian (Thelohaniasp.), whose life cycle is unknown, but very likely to be monoxenous. The aim of this study was to describe interactions between these parasite species in their amphipod host population. Amphipods were collected monthly between June 2002 and January 2004 to assess parasite infection. Infection prevalence and mean intensity were greatest in larger male amphipods for all parasite species. We also found a positive association betweenThelohaniasp. and bothPseudocorynosomasp. and Cyclophyllidea sp. 1 infections, thoughPseudocorynosomasp. and Cyclophyllidea sp. 1 were negatively associated with each other. We conclude that contrasting associations between parasite species may be associated with competition for both food intake and space in the haemocoel.
Short-pulse dielectric two-beam acceleration
Authors: GAI W. , POWER J. G. , JING C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe are exploring a new parameter space of the two-beam acceleration (TBA) scheme based on an ultra-short (~20 ns) rf pulse in a dielectric TBA. All two-beam accelerators (TBAs) use an electron drive beam to generate high-power rf in a decelerator and extract this power to drive an accelerating structure to high gradient. Typically, the rf pulse is on the order of hundreds of ns or greater in order to maintain good rf-to-beam efficiency. However, recent scaling arguments show that the rf breakdown threshold improves with decreasing rf pulse length, so it desirable to find a way to run at short-pulse length with good efficiency. In this paper, we discuss how we chose the design parameters of a short-pulse TBA for a TeV linear collider module. We then present plans for an experimental program to demonstrate TBA at Argonne wakefield accelerator (AWA) facility including high-power rf generation, high-gradient acceleration, and staging.
Non-equilibrium modeling of the PMSE Overshoot Effect revisited: A comprehensive study
Authors: BIEBRICHER ALEXANDER , HAVNES OVE 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNumerical investigations of the Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) Overshoot Effect have to date been undertaken under the premise of plasma neutrality and current equilibrium at any time. We find it necessary to revisit the calculations without these restrictions, since electrons and ions are attached to and absorbed by mesospheric dust particles at vastly different rates under PMSE conditions. We find that differences to earlier modeling might be so significant as to warrant further investigation. Furthermore, we conduct comprehensive studies of the PMSE Overshoot Effect and put the results in the context of experimental realities.