bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continental‐Margin Structure of Northeast China and its Adjacent Areas
Authors: Kedong Tang , Ying Wang , Guoqi He , Ji'an Shao 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The continental margin of Northeast China and its adjacent areas is composed of two tectonic belts. The inner belt is a collage made up of fragments resulting from breakup of an old land with the north part related to the evolution of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean and the south part to the evolution of the Palaeo‐Pacific Ocean. The outer belt is a Mesozoic terrane, which is a mélange made up of fragments of the Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic oceanic crust and the Late Mesozoic trench accumulations.There existed another ocean—the Palaeo‐Pacific Ocean during the period from the closing of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean to the opening of the modern Pacific Ocean or from the Devonian to Jurassic, and the ocean‐floor spreading of the Palaeo‐Pacific Ocean led to the formation of the above‐mentioned tectonic belts. The development of the strike‐slip fault system after the Late Jurassic and the formation of an epicontinental volcano‐plutonic rock belt in the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary are attributed to the interaction between the modern Pacific plate and the Eurasian plate.
Adverse events to Houttuynia injection: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Li , Cui Xiaohua , Cheng Lan , Yuan Qiang , Li Tingqian , Li Youping , Deng Shaoling , Shang Hongcai , Bian Zhaoxiang 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Objective To systematically assess the main clinical features of Houttuynia injection‐associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs), as described in published reports, and to contribute to the post‐marketing re‐evaluation and clinical practices of Houttuynia injection. Method We searched the electronic databases‐ PubMed, EMBASE, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full‐text Database (VIP) and the Chinese Biomedical Disc (CBMdisc), for articles published through June 2010. We then extracted and analyzed the data. Results A total of 645 articles were included, with a total of 1232 ADR cases reported. Respiratory diseases accounted for 52.44% of all cases of Houttuynia injection ADRs, followed by reproductive system diseases (4.30%) and urinary system diseases (3.73%). Multiple systems or organs were involved in the ADRs, the top five were: respiratory system (37.42%), skin (34.66%), digestive system (25.49%), circulatory system (25.41%), and nervous system (23.96%). Serious systemic adverse reactions accounted for 22.56% of total ADRs. Of the reported 1,232 ADR cases, 286 ADR cases reported previous allergies in detail; allergy to penicillin accounted for 15.03% of the total cases with the allergic history, followed by unknown drugs (8.05%), and sulfonamides (3.15%). Among the ADR cases, Houttuynia injection was commonly used together with cephalosporins, penicillins, and macrolides. Macrolides combined with Houttuynia injection showed higher ADR risk than Houttuynia injection used alone (RR = 8.80, 95% CI 6.12 to 12.65, P < 0.0001). The ADR risk for intravenous injection of Houttuynia injection was higher than that of intramuscular injection (OR = 6.86, 95% CI 1.88 to 56.95, P= 0.0016). We used the WHO ADR Classification Criteria to divide the ADR cases into four grades. There were 22.56%, 36.28%, 16.48%, and 24.68% cases of Grade I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Anaphylactic shock accounted for 58.99% of the most serious ADRs (Grade I). All cases of death were caused by allergic shock, except one, who died of multiple organ failure caused by anaphylactic purpura. The fastest‐onset three ADR cases occurred in one minute after injection. Conclusion The respiratory system was the most common system treated in Houttuynia injection ADR cases. It was also the most common site of ADR symptoms. The ADRs of Houttuynia injection were serious. The precautions should be taken to prevent the anaphylactic shock. Intravenous injection and the combination with with cephalosporins, penicillins, and macrolides increased the ADR risk of Houttuynia injection.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND FISHERIES: ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT IN ICELAND AND GREENLAND
Authors: ARNASON RAGNAR 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. . Climate changes in the 21st century are expected to significantly increase ocean temperatures and modify other oceanographic conditions in the North Atlantic. Marine biological research suggests that the impacts on the commercially most important fish stocks in the Icelandic‐Greenland ecosystem may well be quite substantial. This will obviously lead to a corresponding impact on the economies of these two countries. However, the timing, extent and biological impact of global warming is quite uncertain. As a result the economic impact is similarly uncertain.This paper attempts to provide estimates of the impact of altered fish stocks due to global warming on the Icelandic and Greenland economies. The approach is one of stochastic simulations. This involves essentially three steps. The first is to obtain predictions of the impact of global warming on fish stocks and the associated probability distribution. For this we rely on recent marine biological predictions. The second step is to estimate the role of the fisheries sector in the two economies. This is done with the help of modern econometric techniques based on economic growth theory and historical data. Obviously these estimates are also subject to stochastic errors and uncertainty. The third step is to carry out Monte Carlo simulations on the basis of the above model and the associated uncertainties. The result of the Monte Carlo simulations consists of a set of dynamic paths for GDP over time with an expected value and a probability distribution for each future year. On this basis it is possible to calculate confidence intervals for the most likely path of GDP over time.The results indicate that the fisheries impact of global warming on the Icelandic GDP is more likely to be positive than negative but unlikely to be of significant magnitude compared to historical economic growth rates and fluctuations. The uncertainty of this prediction, however, is large. For Greenland, the impact on fish stocks and the GDP is highly likely to be positive and quite substantial relative to the current GDP. Due to less knowledge of the relationship between the fisheries sector and the Greenland economy, however, the confidence interval of this prediction is even wider than in the case of Iceland.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS IN LAKE NETWORKS
Authors: POTAPOV ALEXEI B. , LEWIS MARK A. , FINNOFF DAVID C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. A metapopulation model for alien species invasion of a lake network is coupled with an economic model of prevention. The model restates a stochastic problem in deterministic terms. It provides a macroscopic description of the lake network with prevention methods controlling both the outflow of invaders at infected lakes and the inflow of invaders at uninfected lakes. Results indicate that optimal control implements no more than one of these methods at any moment in time. Typical optimal control measures change over time as the lake ecosystem becomes successively more invaded. Early control of outflow from infected lakes is replaced by later control of inflow to remaining uninfected lakes. Closed‐loop control trajectories are analytically characterized in the phase‐plane for a limiting case, while in general a simple and stable numerical algorithm is developed for solving the optimal control problem.This research has been supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB 02–13698). The second author acknowledges support from Canada Research Chair, an NSERC Collaborative Research Opportunity grant, and an NSERC Discovery grant.
WITHIN‐GENERATIONAL AND DIVERSITY‐DEPENDENT EFFECTS IN AN INDIVIDUAL‐BASED MODEL OF PREDATOR‐PREY INTERACTION
Authors: CHIVERS W.J. , HERBERT R.D. , GLADSTONE W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. In this paper we report the use of an individual‐based model of predator‐prey interaction to explore the effects of “within generational” and ‘between generational’ updating of a system level variable. We also report the importance of diversity within the simulated populations. Our findings support those of Grimm and Uchmánski [1994] in regard to the importance of the timing of system level variables, and support Grimm and Uchmañski and others in regard to the importance of the level of diversity across the population. The significance of these findings is emphasized by the fundamental differences between our model and that of Grimm and Uchmánski in regard to the assumptions made about resource flow in the system.This paper was presented at the 2004 Research Modeling Association World Conference on Natural Resource Modeling in Melbourne, Australia.
Correlated Expression ofCD47andSIRPAin Bone Marrow and in Peripheral Blood Predicts Recurrence in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Nagahara Makoto , Mimori Koshi , Kataoka Akemi , Ishii Hideshi , Tanaka Fumiaki , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Sato Takanobu , Ono Shinji , Sugihara Kenichi , Mori Masaki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurpose: CD47 plays a variety of roles in intercellular signaling. Herein, we focused on the clinicopathologic significance of CD47 expression in human breast cancer. Our data suggest that the correlation between CD47 and signal regulatory protein α (SIRPA) expression may play a key role in the progression of breast cancer.Experimental Design: Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate CD47 mRNA and SIRPA mRNA expression in bone marrow and in peripheral blood from 738 cases of breast cancer.Results: In patients with high levels of CD47 expression in the bone marrow, survival was significantly poorer compared with patients with low levels of CD47 expression [disease-free survival (DFS), P = 0.0035; overall survival (OS), P = 0.015]. Furthermore, high CD47 expression group in a multivariate analysis showed significance as an independent variable for poorer prognosis in DFS (P = 0.024). In the peripheral blood, however, high CD47 expression in patients was not an independent and significant prognostic factor for DFS and OS in a multivariate analysis. CD47 expression was strongly correlated with SIRPA expression in both the bone marrow (P &lt; 0.0001) and peripheral blood (P &lt; 0.0001) of breast cancer patients.Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to show that a host factor in bone marrow confers prognostic importance. CD47 is an important biomarker in breast cancer, and functions as a prognostic factor for DFS. Moreover, we suggest that the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients with high expression of CD47 is due to an active CD47/SIRPA signaling pathway in circulating cells. Clin Cancer Res; 16(18); 4625–35. ©2010 AACR.
Identification and functional analysis of endothelial tip cell–enriched genes
Authors: del Toro Raquel , Prahst Claudia , Mathivet Thomas , Siegfried Geraldine , Kaminker Joshua S. , Larrivee Bruno , Breant Christiane , Duarte Antonio , Takakura Nobuyuki , Fukamizu Akiyoshi , Penninger Josef , Eichmann Anne 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Sprouting of developing blood vessels is mediated by specialized motile endothelial cells localized at the tips of growing capillaries. Following behind the tip cells, endothelial stalk cells form the capillary lumen and proliferate. Expression of the Notch ligand Delta-like-4 (Dll4) in tip cells suppresses tip cell fate in neighboring stalk cells via Notch signaling. In DLL4+/− mouse mutants, most retinal endothelial cells display morphologic features of tip cells. We hypothesized that these mouse mutants could be used to isolate tip cells and so to determine their genetic repertoire. Using transcriptome analysis of retinal endothelial cells isolated from DLL4+/− and wild-type mice, we identified 3 clusters of tip cell–enriched genes, encoding extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, basement membrane components, and secreted molecules. Secreted molecules endothelial-specific molecule 1, angiopoietin 2, and apelin bind to cognate receptors on endothelial stalk cells. Knockout mice and zebrafish morpholino knockdown of apelin showed delayed angiogenesis and reduced proliferation of stalk cells expressing the apelin receptor APJ. Thus, tip cells may regulate angiogenesis via matrix remodeling, production of basement membrane, and release of secreted molecules, some of which regulate stalk cell behavior.
FLT3 as a therapeutic target in AML: still challenging after all these years
Authors: Kindler Thomas , Lipka Daniel B. , Fischer Thomas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMutations within the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene on chromosome 13q12 have been detected in up to 35% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and represent one of the most frequently identified genetic alterations in AML. Over the last years, FLT3 has emerged as a promising molecular target in therapy of AML. Here, we review results of clinical trials and of correlative laboratory studies using small molecule FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in AML patients. We also review mechanisms of primary and secondary drug resistance to FLT3-TKI, and from the data currently available we summarize lessons learned from FLT3-TKI monotherapy. Finally, for using FLT3 as a molecular target, we discuss novel strategies to overcome treatment failure and to improve FLT3 inhibitor therapy.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress response in an INS-1 pancreatic β-cell line with inducible expression of a folding-deficient proinsulin
Authors: Hartley Taila , Siva Madura , Lai Elida , Teodoro Tracy , Zhang Liling , Volchuk Allen 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Cells respond to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) stress by activating the unfolded protein response. To study the ER stress response in pancreatic β-cells we developed a model system that allows for pathophysiological ER stress based on the Akita mouse. This mouse strain expresses a mutant insulin 2 gene (C96Y), which prevents normal proinsulin folding causing ER stress and eventual β-cell apoptosis. A double-stable pancreatic β-cell line (pTet-ON INS-1) with inducible expression of insulin 2 (C96Y) fused to EGFP was generated to study the ER stress response.

Results
Expression of Ins 2 (C96Y)-EGFP resulted in activation of the ER stress pathways (PERK, IRE1 and ATF6) and caused dilation of the ER. To identify gene expression changes resulting from mutant insulin expression we performed microarray expression profiling and real time PCR experiments. We observed an induction of various ER chaperone, co-chaperone and ER-associated degradation genes after 24 h and an increase in pro-apoptotic genes (Chop and Trib3) following 48 h of mutant insulin expression. The latter changes occurred at a time when general apoptosis was detected in the cell population, although the relative amount of cell death was low. Inhibiting the proteasome or depleting Herp protein expression increased mutant insulin levels and enhanced cell apoptosis, indicating that ER-associated degradation is maintaining cell survival.

Conclusions
The inducible mutant insulin expressing cell model has allowed for the identification of the ER stress response in β-cells and the repertoire of genes/proteins induced is unique to this cell type. ER-associated degradation is essential in maintaining cell survival in cells expressing mutant insulin. This cell model will be useful for the molecular characterization of ER stress-induced genes.
Transcription profiling of fertilization and early seed development events in a solanaceous species using a 7.7 K cDNA microarray from Solanum chacoenseovules
Authors: Tebbji Faiza , Nantel André , Matton Daniel P 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
To provide a broad analysis of gene expression changes in developing embryos from a solanaceous species, we produced amplicon-derived microarrays with 7741 ESTs isolated from Solanum chacoense ovules bearing embryos from all developmental stages. Our aims were to: 1) identify genes expressed in a tissue-specific and temporal-specific manner; 2) define clusters of genes showing similar patterns of spatial and temporal expression; and 3) identify stage-specific or transition-specific candidate genes for further functional genomic analyses.

Results
We analyzed gene expression during S. chacoense embryogenesis in a series of experiments with probes derived from ovules isolated before and after fertilization (from 0 to 22 days after pollination), and from leaves, anthers, and styles. From the 6374 unigenes present in our array, 1024 genes were differentially expressed (≥ ± 2 fold change, p value ≤ 0.01) in fertilized ovules compared to unfertilized ovules and only limited expression overlap was observed between these genes and the genes expressed in the other tissues tested, with the vast majority of the fertilization-regulated genes specifically or predominantly expressed in ovules (955 genes). During embryogenesis three major expression profiles corresponding to early, middle and late stages of embryo development were identified. From the early and middle stages, a large number of genes corresponding to cell cycle, DNA processing, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation were found. Defense and stress response-related genes were found in all stages of embryo development. Protein biosynthesis genes, genes coding for ribosomal proteins and other components of the translation machinery were highly expressed in embryos during the early stage. Genes for protein degradation were overrepresented later in the middle and late stages of embryo development. As expected, storage protein transcripts accumulated predominantly in the late stage of embryo development.

Conclusion
Our analysis provides the first study in a solanaceous species of the transcriptional program that takes place during the early phases of plant reproductive development, including all embryogenesis steps during a comprehensive time-course. Our comparative expression profiling strategy between fertilized and unfertilized ovules identified a subset of genes specifically or predominantly expressed in ovules while a closer analysis between each consecutive time point allowed the identification of a subset of stage-specific and transition-specific genes.
Results of five-year systematic screening for latent tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers in Portugal
Authors: Torres Costa José , Silva Rui , Sá Raul , Cardoso Maria João , Nienhaus Albert 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Introduction
The risk of tuberculosis (TB) in healthcare workers (HCWs) is related to its incidence in the general population, and increased by the specific risk as a professional group. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in HCWs in Portugal using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) was analyzed over a five-year period.

Methods
A screening programme for LTBI in HCWs was conducted, with clinical evaluations, TST, IGRA, and chest radiography. Putative risk factors for LTBI were assessed by a standardised questionnaire.

Results
Between September 2005 and June 2009, 5,414 HCWs were screened. The prevalence of LTBI was 55.2% and 25.9% using a TST ≥ 10 mm or an IGRA test result (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube) INF-γ ≥0.35 IU/mL as a criterion for LTBI, respectively. In 53 HCWs active TB was diagnosed. The number of HCWs with newly detected active TB decreased from 19 in the first year to 6 in 2008. Risk assessment was poorly related to TST diameter. However, physicians (1.7%) and nurses (1.0%) had the highest rates of active TB.

Conclusions
LTBI and TB burden among HCWs in Portugal is high. The screening of these professionals to identify HCWs with LTBI is essential in order to offer preventive chemotherapy to those with a high risk of future progression to disease. Systematic screening had a positive impact on the rate of active TB in HCWs either by early case detection or by increasing the awareness of HCWs and therefore the precautions taken by them.
Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells
Authors: Furuhashi Hirofumi , Takasaki Teruaki , Rechtsteiner Andreas , Li Tengguo , Kimura Hiroshi , Checchi Paula M , Strome Susan , Kelly William G 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next.

Results
We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci.

Conclusions
Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development.
Oxidative stress in cold-induced hyperthyroid state
Authors: Venditti P. , Di Stefano L. , Di Meo S. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryExposure of homeothermic animals to low environmental temperature is associated with oxidative stress in several body tissues. Because cold exposure induces a condition of functional hyperthyroidism, the observation that tissue oxidative stress also happens in experimental hyperthyroidism, induced by 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) treatment, suggests that this hormone is responsible for the oxidative damage found in tissues from cold-exposed animals. Examination of T3-responsive tissues, such as brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver, shows that changes in factors favoring oxidative modifications are similar in experimental and functional hyperthyroidism. However, differences are also apparent, likely due to the action of physiological regulators, such as noradrenaline and thyroxine, whose levels are different in cold-exposed and T3-treated animals. To date, there is evidence that biochemical changes underlying the thermogenic response to cold as well as those leading to oxidative stress require a synergism between T3- and noradrenaline-generated signals. Conversely, available results suggest that thyroxine (T4) supplies a direct contribution to cold-induced BAT oxidative damage, but contributes to the liver response only as a T3 precursor.