bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined ozone pretreatment and biological processes for removal of colored and biorefractory compounds in wastewater from molasses fermentation industries
Authors: Battimelli Audrey , Loisel Denis , Garcia‐Bernet Diana , Carrere Hélène , Delgenes Jean‐Philippe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of ozone combined with biological treatment was investigated for molasses fermentation wastewater containing highly concentrated, brown and biorefractory compounds. These persistent compounds, known as melanoidins, generate disposal issues: in the environment, the color is problematic for aquatic life; and in municipal wastewater treatment plants, the molecules are biorefractory.RESULTS: This paper aims to evaluate the impact of ozone pretreatment, applied in the range 0.1 to 1 g g−1 consumed ozone doses, on both macroscopic physico‐chemical parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), color and UV absorbance, and batch aerobic biodegradability. Then, performances of ozone pretreatment are assessed in terms of biodegradability improvement in batch and semi‐continuous anaerobic processes and, also, in semi‐continuous denitrification as a potential carbon source. Ozonation applied at the ozone dose of 0.5 g O3 g−1 COD led to an increase in biodegradability in all bioreactors. On average, the pretreatment resulted in an increased biodegradable fraction from zero to 33% without noticeable toxicity on biomass. This ozone dose also achieved 45% nitrogen removal by biological denitrification.CONCLUSION: Ozone pretreatment is a suitable technique for the biodegradability improvement of molasses fermentation wastewater, in aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic conditions. The pretreatment should be optimized in order to maximize the subsequent biodegradability. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Speciation of polyploid Cyprinidae fish of common carp, crucian carp, and silver crucian carp derived from duplicated Hox genes
Authors: Yuan Jian , He Zhuzi , Yuan Xiangnan , Jiang Xiayun , Sun Xiaowen , Zou Shuming 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecent studies on comparative genomics have suggested that a round of fish‐specific whole genome duplication (3R) in ray‐finned fishes might have occurred around 226–316 Mya. Additional genome duplication, specifically in cyprinids, may have occurred more recently after the divergence of the teleosts. The timing of this event, however, is unknown. To address this question, we sequenced four Hox genes from taxa representing the polyploid Cyprinidae fish, common carp (Cyprinus carpio, 2n=100), crucian carp (Carassius auratus auratus, 2n=100), and silver crucian carp (C. auratus gibelio, 2n=156), and then compared them with known sequences from the diploid Cyprinidae fish, blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, 2n=48). Our results showed the presence of two distinct Hox duplicates in the genomes of common and crucian carp. Three distinct Hox sequences, one of them orthologous to a Hox gene in common carp and the other two orthologous to a Hox gene in crucian carp, were isolated in silver crucian carp, indicating a possible hybrid origin of silver crucian carp from crucian and common carp. The gene duplication resulting in the origin of the common ancestor of common and crucian carp likely occurred around 10.9–13.2 Mya. The speciations of common vs. crucian carp and silver crucian vs. crucian carp likely occurred around 8.1–11.4 and 2.3–3.0 Mya, respectively. Finally, nonfunctionalization resulting from point mutations in the coding region is a probable fate for some Hox duplicates. Taken together, these results suggested an evolutionary model for polyploidization in speciation and diversification of polyploid fish. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:445–456, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posttraumatic nightmares and psychopathology in children after road traffic accidents
Authors: Wittmann Lutz , Zehnder Daniel , Schredl Michael , Jenni Oskar G. , Landolt Markus A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPosttraumatic nightmares are considered as a reexperiencing symptom of the DSM‐IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Different types of posttraumatic nightmares, however, may differ in their relation to psychopathology. Thirty‐two children were longitudinally assessed 10 days, 2 months, and 6 months after traffic accidents. Occurrence and characteristics of nightmares were examined and their relation to psychopathology assessed. Thirty‐four percent of children reported posttraumatic nightmares during at least one assessment. Exact replicative nightmares at baseline assessment predicted PTSD symptoms 2 and 6 months postaccident, but not depressive symptoms. Exact replicative nightmares revealed the strongest cross‐sectional association with trauma‐specific psychopathology but not with depression. The authors conclude that posttraumatic nightmares—especially exact replicative ones—may be closely related to psychopathological mechanisms of posttraumatic stress in children.
Trauma, attempted suicide, and morning cortisol in a community sample of adolescents
Authors: Young Robert 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIndividuals exposed to trauma or who have attempted suicide may show abnormal cortisol profiles; those exposed to significant trauma show reduced, while those who attempt suicide show increased cortisol output, although the evidence is inconsistent. This study explores the associations between morning cortisol, trauma, and suicide attempts or ideation among young people. In a community‐based sample of 501 15‐year‐olds, using data from a DSM‐IV‐compatible interview on suicidal‐behavior/ideation, trauma, and morning cortisol, we found no association between these factors and morning cortisol. A significant gender interaction was found for those threatened with a weapon—men showing a negative and women a positive association, suggesting that any cortisol/trauma association may be partially explained by coexisting behavioral problems and gender.
The impact of childhood abuse and combat‐related trauma on postdeployment adjustment
Authors: Fritch April M. , Mishkind Matt , Reger Mark A. , Gahm Gregory A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis retrospective study examined the effects of childhood physical abuse (CPA) and combat‐related trauma on postdeployment psychiatric symptoms in an outpatient clinical sample of 1,045 U.S. service members. The authors conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine the impact of CPA and combat‐related trauma on alcohol use, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Analyses revealed significant main effects for CPA and combat‐related trauma on anxiety, depression, and PTSD. In contrast, no interactive effects were observed. Findings support and expand current knowledge about the roles that CPA and combat trauma play in the development of psychiatric symptoms and suggest a more complex etiology for postdeployment symptomatology. Clinical implications and future research opportunities are discussed.
Finding yourself how social identity affects leadership
Authors: Ruderman Marian N. , Ernst Christopher 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn today's increasingly volatile and complex organizational environment, it's as important as ever for leaders to understand themselves. But it's no longer enough for them to be aware of their capabilities, motivations, styles, and values. Leaders now must also gain knowledge of their social identities–their membership in certain social groups defined by categories such as gender, race, and religion and the implications of belonging to these groups.
Modelling the corrosion‐induced cracking of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the atmosphere
Authors: L'Hostis V. , Millard A. , Perrin S. , Burger E. , Neff D. , Dillmann P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe prediction of concrete cracking due to corrosion in atmospheric/carbonated conditions is a major issue for the evaluation of the durability of structures and the choice of maintenance policies. Because of the complexity of the phenomenon, a fully predictive approach is still missing. The proposed work can be considered as one step in this direction. It deals with a modelling study achieved at the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) with the CAST3M finite elements software. Model is constituted of three components: (1) concrete hydric behaviour, (2) rebar corrosion and (3) mechanical consequences on concrete (mainly concrete cracking). Actual developments consider analogies between rebar corrosion mechanisms and atmospheric corrosion ones, assuming that corrosion processes are influenced by the relative humidity evolution of atmosphere and/or of concrete.
The comparison of the corrosion resistance of advanced ferromagnetic stainless steels by Mott–Schottky approach
Authors: Terada M. , Marques R. A. , Saliba‐Silva A. M. , Padilha A. F. , Costa I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFerromagnetic stainless steels (SSs) have been investigated as potential candidates for dental prosthesis applications in replacement of magnetic attachments made of noble and expensive alloys. In order to be used as biomaterials, their corrosion resistance has to be appropriate. The corrosion resistance of passive materials is related to the characteristics of the passive film formed and their properties might be investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization curves, and Mott–Schottky approach. The corrosion resistance and the capacitance of the passive films formed on PM2000, DIN 1.4575, and 17‐4 PH advanced SSs during 2 days of immersion in a phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS), at 25 °C and pH 7.0 were studied by electrochemical techniques. A commercial alloy Dyna EFM was also analyzed for comparison reasons. The results showed that films on tested materials behave as both n‐type and p‐type semiconductors and the PM2000 presented the highest corrosion resistance among all of them.
Praseodymium/Polyureasulfone Complexes with Unusual Thermal, Luminescent and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Ye Sunjie , Fang Li , Lu Yun , Lin Zhanru , Xue Gi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA soluble praseodymium complex was synthesized using a polymeric PUDS ligand. FTIR and Raman spectra suggest that the >NH lone pair in PUDS can interact with the Pr3+ centers. DSC results show that the coordination effect causes a significant increase of the phase transition temperature. The emission spectrum of Pr‐PUDS indicates an efficient energy transfer from the macromolecular ligand to the coordinated Pr3+ ion. The magnetic behavior as function of applied magnetic field or temperature (50–450 °C) and some unusual transitions in the M versus T plots are reported and discussed, which demonstrate that the magnetic properties of the Pr‐PUDS strongly depend on the phase transition.magnified image
From PET Nanofibrils to Nanofibrillar Single‐Polymer Composites
Authors: Fakirov Stoyko , Duhovic Miro , Maitrot Philipp , Bhattacharyya Debes 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe preparation of nanofibrillar composite (NFC) materials using single‐polymer nanofibrils as starting materials is described. Such a possibility is offered by (i) the concept of polymer/polymer NFCs, which have recently been manufactured and represent a further development in the field of microfibril‐reinforced composites, and (ii) the opportunity to isolate neat nanofibrils through selective dissolving of the second blend component. The resulting nanofibrillar single‐polymer composites are characterized by superior mechanical properties (the tensile modulus and strength are improved up to 350%), competing with glass‐fiber‐reinforced PET.magnified image
Perceived justice of service recovery strategies: Impact on customer satisfaction and quality relationship
Authors: Vázquez‐Casielles Rodolfo , Suárez Álvarez Leticia , Díaz Martín Ana Maria 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article aims to build on previous research analyzing the effects of perceived justice on customers' satisfaction with service recovery and the attitudinal consequences of the recovery strategies firms adopt after service failures occur. The results obtained from a conceptual model developed for the mobile‐phone sector support the idea that justice perceptions positively influence satisfaction with service recovery. Other findings are that satisfaction with service recovery positively affects trust and commitment, and that these two variables, in turn, positively affect overall customer satisfaction. Finally, the results also suggest that positive past experiences mitigate the effects of inadequate service recovery strategies on the quality of the relationship with the customers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conjugated Copolymers Containing Low Bandgap Rhenium(I) Complexes
Authors: Mak Chris S. K. , Cheung Wai Kei , Leung Qing Yun , Chan Wai Kin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractConjugated copolymers with novel low bandgap rhenium(I) complexes on the polymer main‐chain are reported. The low bandgap metal‐containing polymers were synthesized by Suzuki cross‐coupling polycondensation or Stille coupling polymerization. The metal free copolymers are conjugatively‐linked with functionalized intramolecular charge transfer units, which exhibited prominent absorption band in the UV–vis region. These functionalized charge transfer units not only broadened the absorption spectrum, but also functioned as a bidentate ligand. Upon the complexation of rhenium(I) pentacarbonyl chloride, the absorption spectrum of the resulting polymers was further boardened, and the bandgap was reduced. The material design of this work has opened up a new approach in developing low bandgap metal‐containing polymers as light harvesting materials.magnified image
Silacyclobutane‐Based Diblock Copolymers with Vinylferrocene, Ferrocenylmethyl Methacrylate, and [1]Dimethylsilaferrocenophane
Authors: Gallei Markus , Tockner Stefan , Klein Roland , Rehahn Matthias 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWell‐defined diblock copolymers have been prepared in which three different ferrocene‐based monomers are combined with 1,1‐dimethylsilacyclobutane (DMSB) and 1‐methylsilacyclobutane, respectively, as their carbosilane counterparts. Optimized procedures are reported for the living anionic chain growth following sequential monomer addition protocols, ensuring narrow polydispersities and high blocking efficiencies. The DMSB‐containing copolymers show phase segregation in the bulk state, leading to micromorphologies composed of crystalline DMSB phases and amorphous polymetallocene phases.magnified image
Similarities and Differences of the Active Sites in Basic and Advanced MgCl2‐Supported Ziegler‐Natta Propylene Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Hiraoka Yuichi , Kim Sang Yull , Dashti Ali , Taniike Toshiaki , Terano Minoru 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThough preparation procedures of heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts for propylene polymerization are sophisticated, it is uncertain whether the nature of the active sites is similar or different for different preparation procedures. In this study, the effects of preparation procedures on the nature of the active sites were investigated by stopped‐flow polymerization in combination with microstructure analysis of polymers. Both basic and advanced types of catalysts showed the same two kinds of isospecific active site, which indicated little influence of the preparation method on the active site structure. On the contrary, the ratios of the two kinds of isospecific sites were not the same, resulting in variation of average polymer properties.magnified image
Synthesis of Bimodal Polyethylene Using Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts by Multiple H2 Concentration Switching in a Single Slurry Reactor
Authors: Chen Xuelian , Liu Dongbing , Wang Hongtao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA simple, inexpensive and powerful method for synthesizing bimodal PE using Ziegler‐Natta catalysis by multiple switching of the H2 concentration in a single slurry reactor is reported. The effects of polymerization type, hydrogen concentration, reaction time distribution and switching times on the MWD are investigated. The results show that the MWD produced by forcibly removing the gas during the switching process are much broader than those of PEs produced by directed replacement. In addition, the former can prominently enhance the value of $\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ compared to conventional methods, showing an increase from 7 to 27. The MWDs obtained are bimodal for H2 concentrations ranging from 63 to 75 vol.‐% and have different shapes under different conditions.magnified image
A Step Towards High‐Molecular‐Weight Living/Controlled Polystyrene Using SG1‐Mediated Polymerization
Authors: Lansalot Muriel , Guillaneuf Yohann , Luneau Benoit , Acerbis Sebastien , Dufils Pierre‐Emmanuel , Gaudel‐Siri Anouk , Gigmes Didier , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Tordo Paul , Bertin Denis 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight living/controlled polystyrene by NMP was studied. The combination of Ac2O and alkoxyamines based on nitroxides TEMPO, TIPNO, and SG1 was tested at 130 °C. With TEMPO and TIPNO, dipole/dipole interactions led to a decrease in nitroxide concentration and an acceleration of the reaction. To minimize thermal auto‐initiation and thus obtain high‐$\overline M _{\rm n}$ PS, the temperature was lowered. At 90 °C, the use of BlocBuilder yielded PS of $\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 210 000 g · mol−1 with a living fraction of 60%. Finally, new SG1‐based nitroxides were used to perform the polymerization at 75 °C. Since these nitroxides were too constrained, the decrease in kc caused a loss of control and livingness for high‐$\overline M _{\rm n}$ polymers.magnified image
Second and first trimester estimation of risk for Down syndrome: implementation and performance in the SAFER study
Authors: MacRae Andrew R. , Chodirker Bernie N. , Davies Gregory A. , Palomaki Glenn E. , Knight George J. , Minett Jane , Kavsak Peter A. , Toi Ants , Chitayat David , Van Caeseele Paul G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectivesDocument patient choices and screening performance (false positive and detection rates) when three improved Down syndrome screening protocols were introduced coincidentally.MethodSecond‐trimester ‘triple marker’ screening was expanded by adding second‐trimester dimeric inhibin‐A (four‐marker), with or without first‐trimester pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (five‐marker). Nuchal translucency (NT) measurements were included when available from accredited sonographers (six‐marker). For assigning risk, two sets of marker distribution parameters were evaluated.ResultsOver 3.5 years, 8571 women enrolled (median age 30.6 years). Uptake of the four‐, five‐ and six‐marker protocols was 18%, 46% and 36%, respectively. Of those selecting an integrated test (five or six markers), 9.7% did not provide the second trimester serum sample. False positive rates decreased with added markers (5.2%, 5.1% and 2.5%, respectively) and varied between the two parameter sets, while detection remained high. Overall, 21 of 23 cases were detected (91%, 95% CI 73–98%) at a 4.2% false positive rate (95% CI 3.3–5.1%).ConclusionsIntegrated screening protocols were chosen 4.6 times more often than four‐marker screening (82% vs. 18% uptake). Overall detection was higher and false positives lower, consistent with recent guidelines. Important performance factors include gestational dating method, risk cut‐off, and the parameter set used to assign risk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes by combinations of first and second trimester biochemistry markers used in the routine prenatal screening of Down syndrome
Authors: Huang Tianhua , Hoffman Barry , Meschino Wendy , Kingdom John , Okun Nanette 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the associations between four defined adverse pregnancy outcomes and levels of first and second trimester maternal serum markers focusing in particular on how well combinations of markers predict these adverse outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of associations between first and second trimester serum markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes among 141 698 women who underwent prenatal screening for Down syndrome in Ontario, Canada. Detection rates (DR), false positive rates (FPR), and odds ratios were estimated using both single and combinations of markers for the adverse outcomes defined.ResultsWomen with decreased second trimester unconjugated oestriol (uE3), deceased first trimester maternal serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A), increased second trimester serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), or increased second trimester total human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) were at greater risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes. At a 5% FPR, combinations of these markers predicted at best 33.3% of fetal loss and 31.5% of preterm births (PTB) before 32 weeks of gestation.ConclusionThere are significant associations between the levels of first and second trimester serum markers and adverse obstetric outcomes. However, even combinations of these markers can only predict adverse obstetric outcomes with modest accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postmarital follow‐up survey on high risk patients subjected to premarital screening program in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Sulaiman Ayman , Saeedi Mohammad , Al Suliman Ahmed , Owaidah Tarek 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundHaemoglobinopathies are the most inherited disorders worldwide including Saudi Arabia which can be preventable with application of screening programmers. Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia had initiated premarital screening program (PMS) in all country regions.MethodsThe aim of this study was to explore the impact of the PMS program and genetic counseling on couples at risk for thalassaemia and sickle cell anima in an area of the country with high hemoglobinopathy prevalence. A total of 129 candidates identified by PMS to be at risk were included.ResultsOut of this cohort, 98% proceeded with marriage. Culture pressure was the main reason in more than 48%. Over a period of 4 years, these marriages resulted in 15 diseased children. Although most of the candidates did not receive genetic counseling yet, the concept of genetic counseling was liked by most of them.ConclusionThis study showed some early benefits of the PMS in prevention of the targeted diseases and the program helped in early detection of the disease in their offspring. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.