bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives by an NHC‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Stetter Reaction.
Authors: Jousseaume Thierry , Wurz Nathalie E. , Glorius Frank 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe title reaction with a highly stereoselective proton transfer as the key step provides the target compounds with excellent e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Pyrrolidine Sulfonamide Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Addition of Cyclohexanones to Maleimides.
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Man‐Man , Zhang Shieli , Xu Zi‐An , Li Hao , Yu Xin‐Hong , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOptimized conditions are developed for the title reaction to give medicinally interesting succinimides of type (III) with good levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reaction of Phthalaldehydes: Controllable Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Spiro‐ and Fused Indenones Dictated by the Structure of NHC Catalysts.
Authors: Cheng Ying , Peng Jiang‐Hua , Li Yong‐Jia , Shi Xun‐Yu , Tang Ming‐Sheng , Tan Tian‐Yu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the presence of IMC, phthalaldehydes undergo efficient dimerization yielding spirocyclic indenones like (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Functionalization of 3‐Alkylidene‐1,2‐diazetidines Using Transition Metal Catalysis.
Authors: Brown Michael J. , Clarkson Guy J. , Inglis Graham G. , Shipman Michael 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA variety of azetidines is prepared by Cu‐catalyzed 4‐exo ring closure.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Lactonization of Unsymmetrical 1,4‐Diols: An Efficient Access to Lactone Lignans.
Authors: Ito Masato , Shiibashi Akira , Ikariya Takao 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA Ru‐based catalyst system with a fine‐tuned chelating tertiary phosphine‐protic amine ligand is developed, which allows a highly regioselective lactonization of unsymmetrically substituted 1,4‐diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed, Highly Diastereoselective, Tandem Heterocyclizations/[3 + 2] Cycloadditions: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopenta[c]furans.
Authors: Gao Hongyin , Wu Xingxing , Zhang Junliang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTitle compounds are synthesized in one step by new gold‐catalyzed tandem bicyclization from alkynylalkenones and styrylindoles under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Methylimidazole‐Catalyzed Reaction Between Tosylmethyl Isocyanide and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates: An Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Mohammadi Bagher , Sheikhi Ehsan , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReactive zwitterionic intermediates formed by the addition of catalytic N‐methylimidazole to acetylenic esters are trapped by TOSMIC (I) to give pyrroles in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles from β,β‐Disubstituted Stryryl Azides.
Authors: Sun Ke , Liu Sheng , Bec Patryk M. , Driver Tom G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRhodium carboxylate complexes catalyze the cascade reaction to yield 2,3‐disubstituted indoles as single regioisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Direct and Selective C—H Functionalization: C3‐Acetoxylation of Indoles.
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Gang , Yi Hong , Wu Pan , Liu Jie , Lei Aiwen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe novel palladium‐catalyzed direct and selective acetoxylation of indole derivatives proceeds without the assistance of directing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Regioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrido[2,3‐c]carbazoles via Iodocyclization.
Authors: Jella Rama Raju , Nagarajan Rajagopal 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA short synthesis of the title compounds (VI) is based on the iodine‐induced cyclization of propargylic aminocarbazoles (V).
ChemInform Abstract: New Succinyl‐Spaced Pyrazoles: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Bis[5‐(trichloromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]butane‐1,4‐diones.
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Cechinel Cleber A. , Paim Gisele R. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Zanatta Nilo , Flores Alex F. C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA facile and convenient access to a new series of succinyl‐spaced pyrazoles via regioselective cyclocondensation of alkenone (I) with succinic acid dihydrazide (II) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Preparation of 5‐Oxo 2,4‐Disubstituted 2,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐carboxylates from α‐Bromo Esters.
Authors: Ciez Dariusz , Svetlik Jan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSubstrates (I) react with NaN3 to produce imidazole derivatives via dimerization of non‐isolable 2‐imino ester intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Dipolar Cycloaddition of N‐Aryl‐C‐(2,2‐dichloro‐1‐phenylcyclopropyl)nitrones to N‐Arylmaleimides.
Authors: Molchanov A. P. , Sorokoumov P. S. , Kopf J. , Kostikov R. R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe title cycloaddition results in the stereoselective formation of substituted pyrrolo[3,4‐d]isoxazolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis and Reactivity of 3‐Bromoacetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one with Binucleophilic Amines.
Authors: Hikem‐Oukacha Djamila , Hamdi Maamar , Silva Artur M. S. , Yahia Rachedi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSome new heterocycles are synthesized based on 3‐bromoacetylpyranone (I) as building block.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of o‐Aminoaryl Compounds with Alkynes: An Aniline Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Quinolines.
Authors: Li Hongfeng , Wang Chengyu , Huang He , Xu Xiaolei , Li Yanzhong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe hydroamination—cyclization sequence provides 2‐ or 2,4‐disubstituted quinolines under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mono‐Substituted Derivatives of 6‐Aminoquinoline.
Authors: Lan Tian , Yuan Xian Xia , Yu Jiang Hong , Jia Chao , Wang Yu Shi , Zhang Hui Juan , Ma Zi Feng , Ye Wei Dong 
Published: May 2011

Abstract6‐Aminoquinolines are available as potential intermediates in drug design using p‐chloroaniline as an optimal oxidant in the Skraup—Doebner—von Miller reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyrido[2,3‐b]indolizines.
Authors: Proenca Fernanda , Costa Marta 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDipyridinium dichloride (I) and α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds give under optimized conditions in the presence of an excess of NaOAc the title compounds in a highly regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Substituted N,O‐Containing Bicyclic Compounds by Sequential Addition of Nucleophiles to N‐Alkoxybicyclolactams.
Authors: Vincent Guillaume , Guillot Regis , Kouklovsky Cyrille 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA highly diastereoselective and diastereodivergent one‐pot synthesis of 3a,7‐cis‐ and 3a,7‐trans‐isoxazolidino[2,3‐a]piperidines and related bicyclic N,O‐heterocycles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Selective Syntheses of 5‐Azaindoles Through Zirconocene‐Mediated Multicomponent Reactions with Three Different Nitrile Components and One Alkyne Component.
Authors: Zhang Shaoguang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Zhao Jing , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA zirconocene‐mediated multicomponent process, involving the Si‐tethered diyne (I), tert‐butyl cyanide (II) and one or two (either different or identical) nitriles, can be interrupted at different stages by hydrolysis with aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of γ‐Ketophosphonates via Aerobic Hydroacylation of Vinyl Phosphonates.
Authors: Chudasama Vijay , Ahern Jenna M. , Fitzmaurice Richard J. , Caddick Stephen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe reaction proceeds through interception of acyl radicals generated by aldehyde auto‐oxidation to produce the target compounds in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Protonation of α‐Oxygenated Ester Enolates Prepared Through Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement.
Authors: Hayashi Masashi , Nakamura Shuichi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOptimized conditions are elaborated for the direct synthesis of both enantiomers of phosphoric esters using commercially available cinchona alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel D‐Glucose‐Derived Benzyl and Alkyl 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Potential Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: Wei Jin‐Jian , Jin Lei , Wan Kun , Zhou Cheng‐He 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA variety of novel D‐glucose‐derived triazoles (IV) (11 examples) are synthesized based on a Cu(II)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of bisacetylenic compound (II) with azides.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Benzo[c]phenanthridine Alkaloids Based on a Microwave‐Assisted Electrocyclic Reaction of the Aza 6π‐Electron System and Structural Revision of Broussonpapyrine.
Authors: Ishihara Yuhsuke , Azuma Shuhei , Choshi Tominari , Kohno Kakujirou , Ono Kanako , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Ishizu Takashi , Hibino Satoshi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEight compounds of type (II) are prepared as precursors of the alkaloids from benzaldoxime methyl ethers of type (I) by the title reaction as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (‐)‐Cephalosporolide D Using an Iterative Acetylene—Epoxide Coupling Strategy.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Reddy Teega Rammohan , Ramesh Muddala , Srinivas Chitti , Yadav Jhillu Singh 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTitle compound (VI) is synthesized using an iterative acetylene‐epoxide coupling [→ (III)] and a Yamaguchi lactonization as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Pyridyl Tosylate Derivatives — Building Blocks for Structural Diversity via Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Lindhardt Anders T. , Goegsig Thomas M. , Gauthier Delphine , Lupp Daniel , Mantel Mette Louise Hallager , Bjerglund Klaus M. , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReview: 112 refs.
Scaling up of silverson rotor–stator mixers
Authors: Hall S. , Cooke M. , Pacek A. W. , Kowalski A. J. , Rothman D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn‐line rotor–stator mixers are widely applied in industry for the formulation of emulsion products; however, the current understanding of breakage/coalescence in such devices is limited. In this study the effect of rotor speed, flow rate and dispersed phase viscosity on drop size distributions in an industrial and in a lab scale in‐line Silverson rotor–stator mixer were investigated. Silicone oils with viscosities of 9.4 and 339 mPa s at 1 wt.% were emulsified in surfactant solution. Sauter mean diameters were correlated with various parameters and it has been found that Weber number is the most appropriate scaling parameter. Energy dissipation rate is a marginally poorer scaling parameter and this term requires prior knowledge of the experimentally determined power constants. Based on these observations it seems sensible to use Weber number as the preferred scaling‐up parameter.
Effect of tank size on kLa and mixing time in aerated stirred reactors with non‐newtonian fluids
Authors: Gabelle J.‐C. , Augier F. , Carvalho A. , Rousset R. , Morchain J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe most important scale‐up parameters of aerated bioreactors are investigated in 42 and 340 L vessels, with water and various xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose solutions. The study focuses mainly on mass transfer (kLa) measurements under various operating conditions. The relevance of existing correlations is discussed. The traditional viscosity‐contribution approach appears unable to predict the changes in kLa during scale‐up and an alternative formulation is proposed. The effect of rheology on power consumption and mixing time is in fair agreement with works published on this topic.
Hormone‐receptor expression and activity of trastuzumab with chemotherapy in HER2‐positive advanced breast cancer patients
Authors: Montemurro Filippo , Rossi Valentina , Cossu Rocca Maria , Martinello Rossella , Verri Elena , Redana Stefania , Adamoli Laura , Valabrega Giorgio , Sapino Anna , Aglietta Massimo , Viale Giuseppe , Goldhirsch Aron , Nolè Franco 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The relationship between quantitative immunohistochemical hormone receptor expression and response to the combination of trastuzumab with chemotherapy in HER2‐positive advanced breast cancer is currently unknown.METHODS:Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor expression was studied both as a dichotomous variable (positivity set at ≥1% of positive cells) and as a continuous variable. The effect of hormone receptor expression on overall response rate and progression‐free survival in patients receiving trastuzumab‐based treatment was studied by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS:One hundred eleven of 227 consecutive advanced breast cancer patients treated at 2 Institutions had hormone receptor‐positive tumors (49%). High expression of ER (≥30% of tumor cells) predicted reduced probability of tumor response to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (multivariate odds ratio, 0.422; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.222‐0.803; P = .009). In patients with hormone receptor‐positive tumors (≥1% of tumor cells), maintenance endocrine therapy added to trastuzumab upon the completion of chemotherapy was associated with a significant progression‐free survival benefit (hazard ratio, 0.521; 95% CI, 0.3325‐0.836; P = .007).CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest a predictive role of hormone receptor expression in HER2‐positive tumors. Further investigation in this patient subset is warranted to optimize the use of HER2‐targeting agents, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Q‐TWiST analysis of ixabepilone in combination with capecitabine on quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Corey‐Lisle Patricia K. , Peck Ronald , Mukhopadhyay Pralay , Orsini Lucinda , Safikhani Shima , Bell Jill A. , Hortobagyi Gabriel , Roche Henri , Conte Pierfranco , Revicki Dennis A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Combination therapy with ixabepilone and capecitabine (cape) is approved for use in patients with locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer that is resistant to treatment with anthracyclines or taxanes. The current study evaluated the trade‐off between quality and quantity of life using quality‐adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity (Q‐TWiST) outcomes.METHODS:Within the trial, 752 women were randomly assigned to receive either the combination of ixabepilone and cape (once every 21 days) or cape alone (on days 1‐14). The area under the survival curve was partitioned into 3 health states: toxicity (TOX), time without symptoms of disease progression or toxicity, and recurrence (relapse [REL]). The mean time in each health state was weighted by a range of utilities and summed to estimate quality‐adjusted survival (QAS). Patient‐reported outcomes were also evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)‐Breast Symptom Index (FBSI).RESULTS:A statistically significant difference between groups with regard to change from baseline FBSI scores favoring the cape group was observed (P = .0002), but no differences were observed after adjusting for deaths in the analysis. All combinations of utilities for REL and TOX resulted in an observed difference in QAS favoring combination therapy. Differences were found to be statistically significant for comparisons, with higher tolerance for TOX. QAS was found to be greater for the combination therapy group (42.2 weeks vs 38.4 weeks), assuming the base case scenario of utility equal to 0.5 for both TOX and REL (P = .0227).CONCLUSIONS:The Q‐TWiST analysis supports a positive benefit‐risk ratio for the combination of ixabepilone plus cape in patients with advanced/metastatic breast cancer that is refractory to anthracyclines and taxanes versus cape alone, despite the potential for added toxicities with combination therapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Finding frequent items in parallel
Authors: Cafaro Massimo , Tempesta Piergiulio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present a deterministic parallel algorithm for thek‐majority problem, that can be used to find in parallel frequent items, i.e. those whose multiplicity is greater than a given threshold, and is therefore useful to process iceberg queries and in many other different contexts of applied mathematics and information theory. The algorithm can be used both in the online (stream) context and in the offline setting, the difference being that in the former case we are restricted to a single scan of the input elements, so that verifying the frequent items that have been determined is not allowed (e.g. network traffic streams passing through internet routers), while in the latter a parallel scan of the input can be used to determine the actualk‐majority elements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first parallel algorithm solving the proposed problem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology‐Tailored Synthesis of PbSe Nanocrystals and Thin Films from Bis[N,N‐diisobutyl‐N′‐(4‐nitrobenzoyl)selenoureato]lead(II)
Authors: Akhtar Javeed , Malik Mohammad A. , Stubbs Stuart K. , O'Brien Paul , Helliwell Madeleine , Binks David J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ligand N,N‐diisobutyl‐N′‐(4‐nitrobenzoyl)selenourea (4‐NO2‐C6H4CONHCSeNiBu2) (1) and its complex {bis[N,N‐diisobutyl‐N′‐(4‐nitrobenzoyl)selenoureato]lead(II)} [(4‐NO2‐C6H4CONHCSeNiBu2)PbII] (2) have been synthesized, and their structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray methods. Compound 2 was employed as a single‐source precursor (SSP) for the deposition of PbSe thin films by aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) in the temperature range 250–500 °C on glass substrates. The films obtained at low temperature consist of globular‐shaped crystallites, whereas at higher temperature (ca. 500 °C) wirelike morphologies are dominant. PbSe nanocrystals were also prepared from compound 2 by solution thermolysis at 200–250 °C. Photoluminescence (PL) life time measurements based on the time‐correlated single‐photon‐counting (TCSPC) technique showed significantly faster PL decay in as‐prepared PbSe nanocrystals relative to previous reports. The purity and elemental composition of the as‐deposited PbSe thin films and nanocrystals were determined by energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX).
[Ni(en)3][InSbS4]: A One‐Dimensional Polymeric Indium Thioantimonate with a Polar Structure
Authors: Feng Mei‐Ling , Li Pei‐Xin , Du Ke‐Zhao , Huang Xiao‐Ying 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA polar indium thioantimonate, namely [Ni(en)3][InSbS4] (1) (en = ethylenediamine), has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Its structure features a left‐handed helical anionic chain of [InSbS4]n2n– moieties built upon trinuclear heterometallic clusters of {In2SbS8} as secondary building units. The [Ni(en)3]2+ cations, acting as structure directors and charge balancing agents, are located among the chains and form extensive N–H···S and C–H···S hydrogen bonds with the S atoms of the anionic chains. The thermal stability, optical and ferroelectric properties, as well as theoretical band structure and density of states (DOS) have been studied.
Synergistic action between Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. fixed oil with aminoglycosides in vitro
Authors: Saraiva Rogério A. , Matias Edinardo F. F. , Coutinho Henrique D. M. , Costa José G. M. , Souza Heloísa Helena F. , Fernandes Cícera Norma , Rocha João B. T. , Menezes Irwin R. A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe oil obtained from the Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (pequi) fruit pulp (C. coriaceum fixed oil – CCFO), rich in fatty acids, has been secularly employed by traditional medicine in the treatment of respiratory affections, skin inflammation, and wounds. These observations encouraged us to investigate the antimicrobial activity of CCFO and to investigate its effect in combination with aminoglycosides. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CCFO alone and associated with aminoglycosides against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains were determined using microdilution assay. CCFO alone had a MIC of 512 µg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus resistant strains. Combining the CCFO with aminoglycosides reduced the MIC of aminoglycosides against the resistant strains of E. coli and S. aureus. The results obtained indicate that CCFO displays a significant synergistic antibiotic effect when combined with aminoglycosides, demonstrating that the oil constituents (fatty acids) may act as potentiators of the antibiotic activity of aminoglycosides. These properties make CCFO oil an interesting alternative as a remedy or nutraceutical against multiresistant bacteria, preventing the development of resistance by these microorganisms.Practical applications: This article demonstrates the capacity of the C. coriaceum oil to enhance the antibiotic activity of aminoglycosides. This activity could represent a new way to combat the growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics, an important problem of public health.
Mechanistic Study on the Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Anthraquinone Process
Authors: Nishimi Tomonori , Kamachi Takashi , Kato Kenji , Kato Tomio , Yoshizawa Kazunari 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHydrogen peroxide is produced from hydrogen gas and air in industry by using the anthraquinone process. The mechanism for the production of hydrogen peroxide in this process is studied by using DFT calculations and reaction rate measurements. A hydrogen atom of anthrahydroquinone (AHQ) is directly abstracted by triplet dioxygen to produce a hydroperoxide radical (HOO·) and a 10‐hydroxy‐9‐anthroxyl radical (AQH·), followed by subsequent hydrogen atom abstraction that leads to the formation of hydrogen peroxide and anthraquinone (AQ). Hydrogen atom abstraction was found to be the rate‐determining step in this process. Tetrahydroanthrahydroquinone (THAHQ) is also used in this process in a similar way to AHQ, but a higher activation energy is required for the rate‐determining step when THAHQ is used, which would lead to a 25‐fold rate deacceleration compared with AHQ at 27 °C. The reactivities of AHQ and THAHQ are not significantly influenced by effects of side alkyl chain that is used in the industrial process for increasing the solubility of AHQ and AQ in working solution. The relative reaction rate of AHQ and THAHQ is measured under laboratory conditions. The computational results are consistent with an observed lower rate of the oxidation process of THAHQ.
Fine Modification of Salen Ligands – Effects on the Salen–Ti‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Lv Chengwei , Cheng Qigan , Xu Daqian , Wang Shoufeng , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNew bifunctional N‐oxide salen–TiIV complexes and a pyrrolidine salen–TiIV complex in combination with achiral N‐oxide were developed and applied to the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes. Notably, both enantiomers of trimethylsilyl ethers of cyanohydrins could be easily prepared by modifying the catalysts employed in this reaction, which are based on the same chiral diamine collar derived from L‐tartaric acid. The products were obtained generally with moderate to good enantiomeric excesses and excellent yields by using relatively low catalyst loadings and only 1.05 equivalents of trimethylsilylcyanide (TMSCN).
Public but not private ego threat triggers aggression in narcissists
Authors: Ferriday Chelsea , Vartanian Oshin , Mandel David R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOne line of research indicates that people are more aggressive when they are insulted publicly rather than privately, whereas another indicates that subclinical narcissism predicts aggression. Drawing on these lines of research, we predicted that aggression would be increased among participants who scored higher on narcissism (as opposed to lower), received negative (as opposed to positive) self‐relevant feedback, and did so in public (as opposed to private). The findings supported that prediction and further confirmed that narcissism was only predictive of aggression in the negative‐public condition. The findings thus indicate that aggression is influenced by the interaction of situational and dispositional factors. Copyright © 2011 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.