bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional anatomy of scent glands in Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae)
Authors: Schaider Miriam , Komposch Christian , Stabentheiner Edith , Raspotnig Günther 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe morphological organization and functional anatomy of prosomal defensive (scent) glands in Paranemastoma quadripunctatum, a representative of the dyspnoid harvestmen, was investigated by means of histological semithin sections, software‐based 3D‐reconstruction and scanning electron microscopy. Scent glands comprise large, hollow sacs on either side of the prosoma, each of these opening to the outside via one orifice (ozopore) immediately above coxa I. In contrast to the situation known from laniatorean, cyphophthalmid and some eupnoid Opiliones, ozopores are not exposed but hidden in a depression (atrium), formed by a dorsal integumental fold of the carapace and the dorsal parts of coxae I. Glandular sacs are connected to ozopores via a short duct which is equipped with a specific closing mechanism in its distal part: A layer of modified epidermal cells forms a kind of pad‐like tissue, surrounding the duct like a valve. Several muscles attached to the anterior parts of the glandular reservoir and to the epithelial pad may be associated with ozopore‐opening. The actual mechanism of secretion discharge seems to be highly unusual and may be hypothesized on the basis of corroborating data from behavioral observations, scent gland anatomy and secretion chemistry as follows: Enteric fluid is considered to be directed towards the
ozopores via cuticular grooves in the surface of the coxapophyses of legs I. Then, the fluid is sucked into the anterior part of the scent gland reservoirs by the action of dorsal dilator muscles that widen the reservoir and produce a short‐term negative pressure. After dilution/solution of the naphthoquinone‐rich scent gland contents, a secretion‐loaded fluid is thought to be discharged with the help of transversal compressor muscles. This is the first detailed study on the functional anatomy of scent glands and the mechanisms of secretion discharge in the Dyspnoi. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative and reproducibility study of four tractography algorithms used in clinical routine
Authors: Tensaouti Fatima , Lahlou Ihssan , Clarisse Perrine , Lotterie Jean Albert , Berry Isabelle 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate fiber tracking strategy in terms of acquisition schemes in conjunction with four algorithms used in clinical routine, we studied one of the major tracts, anatomically well known, and which should be preserved as much as possible during neurosurgery: the corticospinal tract.Materials and Methods:Two identical exams, composed of three DTI acquisition schemes (6, 15, and 32 gradient directions), were performed on 12 healthy subjects during two different sessions. For each subject, intra‐operator, and inter‐exam reproducibility was quantitatively calculated from different fiber tracking algorithms: three deterministic and a probabilistic one. Inter‐exam reproducibility was evaluated comparing fiber tracking results from the repetition of the same acquisition one month apart and variation of the fiber density distribution percentile.Results:For each fiber tracking algorithm, the best reproducibility result is obtained in case of 50% of fiber density and for the number of directions equal to 32. The reproducibility is improved using the probabilistic algorithm.Conclusion:This study highlights increased reliability of reproducibility results based on the number of directions used during the acquisition. The method of tractography used and the choice of adequate density fiber tract greatly improve the results. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust mapping of the myelin water fraction in the presence of noise: Synergic combination of anisotropic diffusion filter and spatially regularized nonnegative least squares algorithm
Authors: Hwang Dosik , Chung Hyunjin , Nam Yoonho , Du Yiping P. , Jang Ung 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose:To improve the mapping of myelin water fraction (MWF) despite the presence of measurement noise, and to increase the visibility of fine structures in MWF maps.Materials and Methods:An anisotropic diffusion filter (ADF) was effectively combined with a spatially regularized nonnegative least squares algorithm (srNNLS) for robust MWF mapping. Synthetic data simulations were performed to assess the effectiveness of this new method. Experimental measurements of signal decay curves were obtained and MWF maps were estimated using the new method and compared with maps estimated using other methods.Results:MWF mapping was substantially improved in both simulations and experimental data when ADF was combined with the srNNLS algorithm. MWF variability decreased with the use of the proposed method, which in turn resulted in increased visibility of small focal lesions and structures in the MWF maps.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that the benefits of ADF and srNNLS algorithms can be effectively combined in a synergic way for robust mapping of MWF in the presence of noise. Substantial improvements to MWF mapping can be made using the proposed method. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic value of whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging for bone metastases: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Lian‐Ming , Gu Hai‐Yan , Zheng Jasmine , Xu Xiao , Lin Lin‐Hua , Deng Xia , Zhang Wei , Xu Jian‐Rong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose:To assess the overall diagnostic accuracy of whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WB‐MRI) in detecting bone metastases with a meta‐analysis.Materials and Methods:The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cancerlit, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 1995 to September 2010 for studies evaluating the accuracy of WB‐MRI in detecting bone metastases. Histopathologic analysis and/or close clinical and imaging follow‐up for at least 6 months was assessed. Meta‐analysis methods were used to pool sensitivity and specificity and to construct summary receiver‐operating characteristics.Results:A total of 11 studies with 495 patients who fulfilled all of the inclusion criteria were considered for the analysis. No publication bias was found. WB‐MRI had a pooled sensitivity of 0.899 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.845–0.939) and a pooled specificity of 0.918 (95% CI, 0.882–0.946). The subgroup without diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) positive results had higher pooled specificity 0.961 (95% CI, 0.922‐0.984) than the subgroup with DWI (P < 0.05).Conclusion:WB‐MRI was an accurate, cost‐effective tool in detecting bone metastases. WB‐MRI without DWI may improve the specificity of detecting bone metastases. DWI seems to be a sensitive but rather unspecific modality for the detection of bone metastatic disease. High‐quality prospective studies regarding WB‐MRI in detecting bone metastases still need to be conducted. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interruption of the circulation of an indigenous measles genotype and the introduction of other genotypes after a mass vaccination campaign in the Philippines
Authors: Fuji Naoko , Suzuki Akira , Saito Mariko , Centeno Rex , Galang Hazel , Lupisan Socorro , Olveda Remigio , Oshitan Hitoshi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMolecular analysis of measles viruses in the Philippines was conducted from 2000 to 2008. No confirmed measles cases were detected in the surveillance in 2005 after the mass vaccination campaign in 2004. However, a re‐emergence of measles cases occurred in 2007, which was caused by other genotypes and the previous circulating genotype had disappeared. J. Med. Virol. 83:1424–1427, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symptomatic and asymptomatic infections of rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus among hospitalized children in Xi'an, China
Authors: Zhang Shuwan , Chen Tsun‐Hsuan , Wang Juan , Dong Changxin , Pan Jingjing , Moe Christine , Chen Wei , Yang Lihong , Wang Xiaoqin , Tang Helen , Li Xu , Liu Pengbo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoV), and adenovirus (AdV) have been reported as the common viral pathogens of acute gastroenteritis in children. To determine the prevalence of RV, NoV, and AdV infections among hospitalized children with and without symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, fecal specimens, and data on clinical symptoms were collected from 201 children with diarrhea and 53 children without diarrhea admitted to the Xi'an Children's Hospital in Xi'an, China between March 2009 and May 2010. RV, NoV, and AdV were identified in 68.7% (138/201), 20.4% (41/201), and 5.0% (10/201), respectively, of children with diarrhea. These three viruses were also detected in 13.2% (7/53), 35.9% (19/53), and 9.4% (6/53), respectively, of children without diarrhea. Diarrheal children infected with RV alone showed the average severity score of 6.5, statistically significant higher than the average score of 5.3 in children with unidentifiable viruses. GII.3 and GII.4 were the only two NoV genotypes identified, and the GII.4 sequences were genetically close to GII.4 2006b cluster. These findings highlight the importance of NoV as a causative agent of pediatric diarrhea after RV based on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of NoV infection, and particularly convey information of asymptomatic infections of enteric viruses in young children. J. Med. Virol. 83:1476–1484, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schwann‐like adult stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue express γ‐aminobutyric acid type B receptors
Authors: Faroni Alessandro , Mantovani Cristina , Shawcross Susan G. , Motta Marcella , Terenghi Giorgio , Magnaghi Valerio 
Published: May 2011

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid type B receptors (GABA‐B) are expressed in glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and recent evidence has shown their importance in modulating physiological parameters of Schwann cell (SC). SC play essential roles in peripheral nerve regeneration, but several drawbacks prevent their use for nerve repair. Adult stem cells from adipose tissue (ASC) or bone marrow (BM‐MSC) can be differentiated into an SC‐like phenotype and used as SC replacements. The aim of this study was to investigate GABA‐B receptor functional expression in differentiated stem cells by assessing the similarity to SC. By means of RT‐PCR and Western blot methodologies, BM‐MSC and ASC were found to express both GABA‐B1 and GABA‐B2 receptor subunits. The expression levels of GABA‐B1b and GABA‐B2 receptors were influenced by SC‐like differentiation, as shown by Western blot studies. GABA‐B receptor stimulation with baclofen reduced the proliferation rate of SC and differentiated ASC (dASC) but not that of dBM‐MSC. In conclusion, both of the subunits that assemble into a functional GABA‐B receptor are present in differentiated stem cells. Furthermore, GABA‐B receptors in dASC are functionally active, regulating a key process such as proliferation. The presence of functional GABA‐B receptors on differentiated stem cells opens new opportunities for a possible pharmacological modulation of their physiology and phenotype. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronology of the Last Glacial Maximum in the Salzach palaeoglacier area (Eastern Alps)
Authors: Starnberger Reinhard , Rodnight Helena , Spötl Christoph 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA chronostratigraphy based on luminescence data was established at a key loess profile (Duttendorf) in the northern alpine foreland of Austria. The data help to constrain the timing and duration of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the area of one of the largest east Alpine piedmont glaciers, the Salzach palaeoglacier. Climate deterioration and maximum advance of this glacier were coeval with the beginning of the main loess accumulation phase in the glacier forefield at ∼29–30 ka. A late LGM‐outwash gravel layer deposited on top of the loess profile marks the end of the LGM glacier activity at ∼20 ka. The geomorphological setting around the loess profile provides evidence of a major glacier oscillation during the course of the LGM, a phenomenon qualitatively known from other alpine palaeoglaciers but never interpreted in terms of palaeoclimate. A LGM glacier oscillation similar to that of the Salzach palaeoglacier was reported recently from the south Alpine Tagliamento palaeoglacier, suggesting a common forcing. The onset of loess deposition at Duttendorf and the tentatively contemporal advance of the Salzach palaeoglacier reflect, as do other data, the drastic cooling in Europe as a result of Heinrich event 3. The first glacier maximum is not well constrained in the study area but a correlation with the better dated Tagliamento amphitheatre suggests a possible response to Heinrich 2. The second re‐advance occurred synchronously (within dating uncertainties) in both palaeoglaciers forefields (at ∼21 ka) but the forcing mechanism remains unknown. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term outcomes and survival after laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: Three‐year survival analysis of a single‐center experience in Korea
Authors: Yoo Han Mo , Lee Han Hong , Shim Jung Ho , Jeon Hae Myung , Park Cho Hyun , Kim Jun Gi , Song Kyo Young 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLaparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) has been established as an alternative treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) because of excellent short‐term results. However, only a few reports have considered the long‐term outcomes of LADG. In this study, we investigated the 3‐year outcome and survival of patients who underwent LADG.MethodsWe assessed 182 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent LADG. The indication for LADG was confined to EGCs (T1N0 or T1N1 cases). The clinicopathological characteristics and long‐term survival data of all patients were analyzed.ResultsThe overall morbidity and mortality rates of the patients were 11% and 0%, respectively. An analysis of the final pathological stages of the patients revealed that 160 had stage Ia, 20 had stage Ib, and only 2 had stage II. The median follow‐up period was 44 months (range, 2–73 months), and there were two recurrences. Five patients died of other causes, but no patients died of a gastric cancer recurrence. The 3‐year overall and disease‐specific survival rates were 97.3% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsLADG for EGC is acceptable in terms of both short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Thus, LADG can be considered a primary treatment for EGC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:511–515. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated on‐fiber derivatization with headspace SPME‐GC‐MS‐MS for the determination of primary amines in sewage sludge using pressurized hot water extraction
Authors: Llop Anna , Pocurull Eva , Borrull Francesc 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn automated, environmentally friendly, simple, selective, and sensitive method was developed for the determination of ten primary aliphatic amines in sewage sludge at μg/kg dry weight (d.w.). The procedure involves a pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) of the analytes from the solid matrix, followed by a fully automated on‐fiber derivatization with 2,3,4,5‐pentafluorobenzaldehyde (PFBAY) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and subsequent gas chromatography ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐IT‐MS‐MS) analysis. The limits of detection (LODs) of the method were between 0.5 and 45 μg/kg (d.w.) for all compounds except for ethyl‐, isopropyl‐, and amylamine, whose LODs were 70, 109, and 116 μg/kg (d.w.), respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 10 and 350 μg/kg (d.w.). Repeatability and intermediate precision, expressed as RSD(%) (n=3), were lower than 18 and 21%, respectively. The method developed enabled to determine primary aliphatic amines in sludge from various urban and industrial sewage treatment plants as well as from a potable treatment plant. Most of the primary aliphatic amines were found in the sewage sludge samples analyzed corresponding to the maximum concentrations to the samples from the urban plant: for instance, isobutylamine and methylamine were found at 7728 and 12 536 μg/kg (d.w.), respectively. Amylamine was detected only in few samples but always at concentrations lower than its LOQ.
The European Timeshare Consumer in the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Cortés‐Jiménez Isabel , Pratt Steve , Bregoli Ilenia , Cooper Chris 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper outlines the results of the most recent pan‐European survey of timeshare and its owners. The paper begins by placing timeshare in context of the European leisure sector and outlining previous research on timeshare. It then goes on to examine the results of a major survey of timeshare owners and the industry. The results unveil the profile of timeshare owners in Europe, their purchasing behaviour and their future intentions; it also looks into the satisfaction of the timeshare experience. The survey demonstrates that timeshare represents a significant sector of the European accommodation market a d that in general, consumers have a high satisfaction rate with their use of timeshare. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avoidant coping as a mediator between peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
Authors: Pacella Maria L. , Irish Leah , Ostrowski Sarah A. , Sledjeski Eve , Ciesla Jeffrey A. , Fallon William , Spoonster Eileen , Delahanty Douglas L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPeritraumatic dissociation consistently predicts posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Avoidant coping may serve as a mechanism through which peritraumatic dissociation contributes to PTSD symptoms. Path analysis was used to examine whether avoidant coping assessed 6 weeks following a motor vehicle accident mediated the relationship between in‐hospital peritraumatic dissociation and 6‐month (n = 193) and 12‐month (n = 167) chronic PTSD symptoms. Results revealed that, after controlling for age, gender, depression, and 6‐week PTSD symptoms, avoidant coping remained a partial mediator between peritraumatic dissociation and chronic PTSD symptoms 6‐ and 12‐months postaccident. Post‐hoc multigroup analyses suggested that at 6‐months posttrauma, the mediation was significant in women, but not in men. Gender‐specific results were not significant at 12‐months posttrauma. Interventions targeted at reducing avoidant coping in high dissociators may aid in reducing PTSD symptoms.
Iron(III)‐Mediated AGET ATRP of Methyl Methacrylate Using Vitamin C Sodium Salt as a Reducing Agent
Authors: Tao Meixia , Zhang Lifen , Jiang Hongjuan , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Jian , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractVitamin C sodium salt (VC‐Na) is used as a reducing agent for the iron‐mediated AGET ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization using activators generated by electron transfer) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with FeCl3/tris‐(3,6‐dioxa‐heptyl) amine (TDA‐1) as a catalyst complex and ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as an initiator in the absence/presence of a limited amount of air. As compared with the reported iron‐mediated AGET ATRP of MMA, the current catalyst system shows a faster polymerization rate. For example, a conversion of 82.3% is obtained in 3.1 h with a molar ratio of [MMA]0/[EBiB]0/[FeCl3.6H2O]0/[TDA‐1]0/[VC‐Na]0 = 500:1:1:3:0.5 at 90 °C. The kinetics of polymerizations of MMA in bulk or anisole demonstrate features of “living” or controlled free‐radical polymerization, such as the number‐average molecular weights increasing linearly with monomer conversion and maintaining narrow molecular weight distributions ($\overline {M} _{w} $/$\overline {M} _{n} $ = 1.20–1.44). magnified image
Optically Triggered Dissociation of Kinetically Stabilized Block Copolymer Vesicles in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yan Bin , He Jie , Ayotte Patrick , Zhao Yue 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate a strategy for using an optical stimulus to trigger the dissociation of block copolymer (BCP) vesicles in aqueous solution. The BCP, comprising hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and a block of poly(methacrylic acid) bearing a number of spiropyran methacrylate comonomer units (P(MAA‐co‐SPMA)), was allowed to firstly self‐assemble into large vesicles in aqueous solution at pH = 3 with protonated carboxylic acid groups, and then become kinetically stable at pH = 8 due to the glassy vesicle membrane of P(MAA‐co‐SPMA). Fast dissociation of the vesicles was achieved through a cascade of events triggered by UV‐induced isomerization from neutral spiropyran to charged merocyanine in the membrane.magnified image
Fabrication of Nanofillers into a Granular “Nanosupport” for Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts: Towards Scalable in situ Preparation of Polyolefin Nanocomposites
Authors: Qin Yawei , Wang Ning , Zhou Yong , Huang Yingjuan , Niu Hui , Dong Jin‐Yong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis communication reports a strategy for scale‐up of an in situ polymerization technique for polyolefin‐based nanocomposites preparation, taking layered silicate (clay) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as examples of nanofillers. The strategy is realized by transforming the nanofillers into granular “nanosupports” for Ziegler‐Natta catalysts. With a catalyst to polymer replication effect on particle morphology, the in situ prepared nanocomposites are of controlled granular particle morphology. With the polymer particle morphology controlled, the in situ polymerization technique becomes suitable for industrial olefin polymerization processes for mass production of polyolefin nanocomposites.magnified image
Olfactory dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Morley James F. , Weintraub Daniel , Mamikonyan Eugenia , Moberg Paul J. , Siderowf Andrew D. , Duda John E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHyposmia, psychiatric disorders, and cognitive problems are common nonmotor manifestations in Parkinson's disease, but how they are related remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and neuropsychiatric manifestations and performed a cross‐sectional study of 248 patients at two movement disorders clinics at academic medical centers. Psychiatric measures were the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, State Anxiety Inventory, Apathy Scale, and Parkinson's Psychosis Rating Scale. Cognitive measures were the Mini–Mental State Examination, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised, Digit Span, Tower of London‐Drexel, and the Stroop Color Word Test. Olfaction was tested with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. There was no significant association between olfaction and mood measures, but psychotic symptoms were more common in patients with olfaction scores below the median (30% vs. 12%; P < 0.001). Worse olfaction was associated with poorer memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised delayed recall items: mean [standard deviation], 6.2 [3.2] vs. 8.4 [2.8]; P < 0.001) and executive performance (Tower of London total moves, 52 [38] vs. 34 [21]; P < 0.001). Odor‐identification score was a significant predictor of abnormal performance on these cognitive tests after adjustment for age, sex, and disease characteristics in logistic regression models. The relationship between hyposmia, psychosis, and specific cognitive impairments may reflect the anatomic distribution of Lewy pathology and suggests that olfactory dysfunction could be a biomarker of additional extranigral disease. Future prospective studies are warranted to assess whether hyposmia, a very early feature of Parkinson's disease, might be used to predict the appearance of other common nonmotor symptoms. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society