bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two nucleus‐localized CDK‐like kinases with crucial roles for malaria parasite erythrocytic replication are involved in phosphorylation of splicing factor
Authors: Agarwal Shruti , Kern Selina , Halbert Jean , Przyborski Jude M. , Baumeister Stefan , Dandekar Thomas , Doerig Christian , Pradel Gabriele 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe kinome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum comprises representatives of most eukaryotic protein kinase groups, including kinases which regulate proliferation and differentiation processes. Despite extensive research on most plasmodial enzymes, little information is available regarding the four identified members of the cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like kinase (CLK) family. In other eukaryotes, CLKs regulate mRNA splicing through phosphorylation of Serine/Arginine‐rich proteins. Here, we investigate two of the PfCLKs, the Lammer kinase homolog PfCLK‐1, and PfCLK‐2. Both PfCLKs show homology with the yeast Serine/Arginine protein kinase Sky1p and are transcribed throughout the asexual blood stages and in gametocytes. PfCLK‐1/Lammer possesses two nuclear localization signal sites and PfCLK‐2 possesses one of these signal sites upstream of the C‐terminal catalytic domains. Indirect immunofluorescence, Western blot, and electron microscopy data confirm that the kinases are primarily localized in the parasite nucleus, and PfCLK‐2 is further present in the cytoplasm. The two kinases are important for completion of the asexual replication cycle of P. falciparum, as demonstrated by reverse genetics approaches. In vitro kinase assays show substrate phosphorylation by the PfCLKs, including the Sky1p substrate, splicing factor Npl3p, and the plasmodial alternative splicing factor PfASF‐1. Mass spectrometric analysis of co‐immunoprecipitated proteins indicates assembly of the two PfCLKs with proteins with predicted nuclease, phosphatase, or helicase functions. Our data indicate a crucial role of PfCLKs for malaria blood stage parasites, presumably by participating in gene regulation through the post‐transcriptional modification of mRNA. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1295–1310, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Passive and active exercise improve regeneration and muscle reinnervation after peripheral nerve injury in the rat
Authors: Udina Esther , Puigdemasa Antoni , Navarro Xavier 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Lesions of peripheral nerves cause loss of motor and sensory function and also lead to hyperreflexia and hyperalgesia. Activity‐dependent therapies promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery and may improve sensory–motor coordination and restoration of adequate circuitry at the spinal level.Methods:We compared the effects of passive (bicycle) and active (treadmill) exercise on nerve regeneration and modulation of the spinal H reflex after transection and repair of the rat sciatic nerve. Animals were evaluated during 2 months using electrophysiological, functional, and histological methods.Results:Moderate exercise for 1 hour/day, either active treadmill walking or passive cycling, improved muscle reinnervation, increased the number of regenerated axons in the distal nerve, and reduced the increased excitability of spinal reflexes after nerve lesion.Discussion:Maintenance of denervated muscle activity and afferent input, by active or passive exercise, may increase trophic factor release to act on regenerating axons and to modulate central neuronal plasticity. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Risk factors and management of deep venous thrombosis in children following post‐surgical hypopituitarism in craniopharyngioma
Authors: Chandrakasan Shanmuganathan , Sood Sandeep , Ham Steven , Moltz Kathleen , Frey Mary Jane , Rajpurkar Madhvi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPost‐operative hypopituitarism following craniopharyngioma (CP) surgery is treated by replacement of various hormones. The risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) following CP surgery and initiation of hormones has not been well studied and recognized. We present three patients with DVT who had family history of DVT and procoagulant risk factors such as inherited thrombophilia and elevated Von Willebrand factor levels due to treatment with desmopressin. We discuss the individualized management of anticoagulation and the dilemma of starting estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy in them. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:175–177. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimizing the nanofibrous morphology of electrospun poly[(butylene succinate)‐ co‐(butylene adipate)]/clay nanocomposites and revealing the effect of the fibre nano‐dimension on the attained material properties
Authors: Tsimpliaraki Athanasia , Zuburtikudis Ioannis , Marras Sotirios I , Panayiotou Costas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractElectrospun mats of biodegradable polymer/clay nanocomposites were prepared in order to investigate the qualitative and quantitative correlations between electrospinning‐related parameters and the fibrous morphology of the mats. A full factorial design of experiments was used for that purpose and scanning electron microscopy was employed for dimensional characterization and determination of the chosen responses. Statistical analysis revealed that solution concentration and clay loading of nanocomposite were the most important parameters affecting the morphology of the fibrous webs. This, subsequently, allowed prediction of the domain of these two parameter settings where purely fibrous morphology can be achieved and further allowed optimization of the process in the framework of response surface methodology (RSM). The structure and thermal behaviour of the nanocomposites were also characterized before and after electrospinning using X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. A multi‐analyte platform is provided by the combination of RSM results for improving the nanofibrous quality and post‐spinning characterization for predicting the overall performance of the electrospun web. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) cross‐resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides
Authors: Kaloumenos Nikolaos S , Adamouli Vasiliki N , Dordas Christos A , Eleftherohorinos Ilias G 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Papaver rhoeas (L.) has evolved resistance to tribenuron in winter wheat fields in northern Greece owing to multiple Pro197 substitutions. Therefore, the cross‐resistance pattern to other sulfonylurea and non‐sulfonylurea ALS‐inhibiting herbicides of the tribenuron resistant (R) and susceptible (S) corn poppy populations was studied by using whole‐plant trials and in vitro ALS catalytic activity assays.RESULTS: The whole‐plant trials revealed that tribenuron R populations were also cross‐resistant to sulfonylureas mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron. The whole‐plant resistance factors (RFs) calculated for pyrithiobac, imazamox and florasulam ranged from 12.4 to > 88, from 1.5 to 28.3 and from 5.6 to 25.4, respectively, and were lower than the respective tribenuron RF values (137 to > 2400). The ALS activity assay showed higher resistance of the ALS enzyme to sulfonylurea herbicides (tribenuron > chlorsulfuron) and lower resistance to non‐sulfonylurea ALS‐inhibiting herbicides (pyrithiobac > florasulam ≈ imazamox).CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Pro197 substitution by Ala, Ser, Arg or Thr in corn poppy results in a less sensitive ALS enzyme to sulfonylurea herbicides than to other ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. The continued use of sulfonylurea herbicides led to cross‐resistance to all ALS‐inhibiting herbicides, making their use impossible in corn poppy resistance management programmes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Field evaluation of synthetic sex pheromone traps for the cocoa mirid Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Mahob Raymond J , Babin Régis , ten Hoopen Gerben M , Dibog Luc , Yede  , Hall David R , Bilong Bilong Charles F 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Field trapping experiments were conducted to evaluate the attractiveness of five different pheromone blends as well as the impact of trap design on attractiveness towards cocoa mirids, Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. and Distantiella theobroma (Dist.), in Cameroon.RESULTS: A total of 361 adults of S. singularis (359 males and two females) were caught. The highest numbers of mirids were found in traps with pheromone blends that combined a monoester and a diester, compared with traps with the diester or the monoester individually and control traps with no pheromone. Rectangular traps caught significantly more mirids compared with delta traps. The mean number of 5.1 mirids trap−1 year−1 caught in rectangular traps was significantly higher compared with the 1.8 mirids trap−1 year−1 for the delta traps.CONCLUSION: The data revealed that rectangular traps containing pheromone blends combining both the monoester and the diester have a good potential to lure and trap adult males of S. singularis on cocoa farms. The pheromone blends used were specific for S. singularis, and the use of pheromone traps appears to be a promising strategy for incorporation into integrated pest management strategies for the monitoring or even the control of S. singularis in cocoa plantations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Photoinduced C70 radical anions in polymer:fullerene blends
Authors: Sperlich Andreas , Liedtke Moritz , Kern Julia , Kraus Hannes , Deibel Carsten , Filippone Salvatore , Delgado Juan Luis , Martín Nazario , Dyakonov Vladimir 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPhotoinduced polarons in solid films of polymer:fullerene blends were studied by photoluminescence (PL), photoinduced absorption (PIA) and electron spin resonance (ESR). The donor materials used were P3HT and MEH‐PPV. As acceptors we employed PC60BM as reference and various soluble C70‐derivates: PC70BM, two different diphenylmethano‐[70]fullerene oligoether (C70‐DPM‐OE) and two dimers, C70–C70 and C60–C70. Blend films containing C70 revealed characteristic spectroscopic signatures not seen with C60. Light‐induced ESR showed signals at g ≥ 2.005, assigned to an electron localized on the C70 cage. The formation of C70 radical anions also leads to a subgap PIA band at 0.92 eV, hidden in the spectra of C70‐based P3HT and MEH‐PPV blends, which allows for more exact studies of charge separated states in conjugated polymer:C70 blends. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Using latent class analysis to analyze children's responses to the question, “What is a day?”
Authors: Harlow Danielle B. , Swanson Lauren H. , Nylund‐Gibson Karen , Truxler Adam 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUnderstanding what children know is paramount to planning effective science instruction; however, in any classroom, the students hold a variety of ideas. Representing these differences in ways that also acknowledge the common trends among students might facilitate the process of differentiation. To exemplify one such possible process of representing students' ideas, we used to the statistical method of latent class analysis to understand 480 students' (Grades 1–8) responses to the question, “What is a day?” The initial coding of students' drawn and written responses allowed us to identify a variety of ideas drawn on by the students. For example, younger children provided very personal responses and older students provided more scientific or mathematical responses. The subsequent quantitative analysis revealed ways that ideas were connected in groups of students, ultimately providing descriptions of progressively sophisticated responses typical at each grade level. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95: 477–496, 2011
Characterization of silicone coating for archeological stone conservation
Authors: El‐Midany A. A. , Khallaf M. K. , El‐Mofty S. E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTesting of polymeric materials for protection of archeological stones is a subject of continuous research. The selection criteria of a suitable polymer need intensive investigation. In the current study, silicone emulsion was used for stone conservation. The effectiveness of silicone in protecting either sandstone or limestone, as main archeological stones, was investigated in terms of its interaction with the studied stone. In addition, the durability of the coating under different environmental conditions was tested and simulated by artificial aging. Additionally, the mechanism of the interaction was investigated using interfacial measurements.The results showed the physical nature of adsorption on either stones as indicated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Electrokinetic results. Moreover, the polymer shows a significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties, e.g. increase in bulk density from 1.9 to 2.2 g/cm3 and decrease in porosity from 15.8 to 2.5% as well as the noticeable increase in compressive strength. All these measures indicated the suitability of the polymer in conservation of either sandstone or limestone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Polydimethylsiloxane on the Oxygen Concentration of Oils at Various Temperatures
Authors: Gerde Jose A. , Hammond Earl G. , White Pamela J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the oil oxygen concentration, tested in both soybean and olive oils with no added polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), showed that the oxygen concentration increased with temperature to approximately 100 °C. Above 100 °C, the oxygen concentration abruptly decreased. This change was attributed to the balance between the rates of oxygen uptake and consumption by oil oxidation, which favored oxygen consumption over uptake at temperatures above 100 °C. The addition of 100 ppb PDMS to soybean oil, enough to form a continuous layer over the surface of the oil, reduced the oxygen concentration when compared to a soybean oil control containing no added PDMS at temperatures ranging from 93 to 180 °C; thus suggesting an oxygen barrier effect of PDMS. The accumulation of PDMS at the air–oil interface in soybean oil held at 180 °C was determined by comparing the oil's internal temperature and the apparent surface temperature. A decrease in the apparent surface temperature while the oil was held at a constant internal temperature was attributed to a change in the emissivity of the surface as a consequence of the accumulation of PDMS in the air–oil interface. The presence of PDMS at the air–oil interface was confirmed for 100 ppm of PDMS, a concentration greater than the concentration necessary to form a monolayer of PDMS on the oil surface.
Analyse du statut spermatique, érectile et hormonal chez des patients hémodialysés
Authors: Ajina M. , Zaouali M. , Loussaief W. , Benjamaa N. , Boughizane S. , Frih A. , El May M. , Saad A. 
Published: February 2011

Résumé

But
Le but de notre travail était d’établir le profil hormonal, érectile et spermatique chez les patients hémodialysés et de rechercher l’impact des perturbations hormonales sur la fonction érectile (FE) et les paramètres spermatiques.

Patients et méthodes
Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale chez 30 sujets hémodialysés chez qui un spermogramme a été réalisé parallèlement à un bilan hormonal qui incluait le dosage sérique de FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) et la testostérone totale. La FE a été évaluée par l’étude de l’indice international de la FE dans sa version française (IIEF-5). Le dosage des hormones sexuelles a été fait par la technique radio-immunologique, et la pratique du spermogramme a été faite selon les recommandations de l’OMS.

Résultats
Deux patients seulement avaient un spermogramme et un bilan hormonal normaux, l’IIEF était normal chez un seul patient.
Les patients azoospermiques (16 %) présentaient un eugonadisme hypergonadotrophique. Quarante pour cent des patients avaient une hypospermie. Un tiers des patients présentait une oligozoospermie sévère associée à un taux élevé de FSH dans 77 % des cas.
La mobilité et la morphologie spermatique étaient altérées dans respectivement 96 et 50 % des cas. Le bilan hormonal montrait une élévation de la FSH (> 8,5 mUI/ml) chez 40 % des patients, et la testostéronémie était diminuée (< 3,2 ng/ml) chez 25 % des patients. Deux patients présentaient un hypogonadisme franc (testostérone < 2 ng /ml).

Discussion
Le volume de sperme était diminué de façon significative chez les patients de plus de 30 ans. La FE était perturbée dans 73 % des cas avec un IIEF moyen de 15 (IIEF normal > 20). Plusieurs auteurs ont mis en évidence une corrélation entre le dysfonctionnement gonadique et les taux élevés de gonadotrophines chez l’homme présentant une insuffisance rénale chronique, avec ou sans atrophie testiculaire. Dans notre série, la testostéronémie était normale chez nos patients malgré l’absence de prise d’androgène. Les séances d’hémodialyses permettent-elles de préserver la fonction endocrine des testicules ?

Conclusion
Les patients au stade d’hémodialyse chronique d’une durée supérieure à un an présentaient un eugonadisme hypergonadotrophique ainsi qu’une insuffisance érectile. L’ancienneté de l’hémodialyse n’altère pas de manière significative les paramètres spermatiques ni la FE. Les patients d’un âge supérieur à 30 ans présentaient une diminution significative du volume spermatique qui pourrait être un marqueur déterminant de l’atteinte de la FE et de la fonction reproductive.
Dynamic temporal and spatial regulation of mu opioid receptor expression in primary afferent neurons following spinal nerve injury
Authors: Leel Chun‐Yi , Perezl Federico M. , Wangl Wei , Guanl Xiaowei , Zhaol Xiuli , Fisherl Janet L. , Guanl Yun , Sweitzerl Sarah M. , Rajal Srinivasa N. , Taol Yuan‐Xiang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDespite using prescribed pain medications, patients with neuropathic pain continue to experience moderate to severe pain. There is a growing recognition of a potent peripheral opioid analgesia in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The goal of this study was to characterize the temporal and spatial expression of mu opioid receptor (mOR) mRNA and protein in primary afferent neurons in a rat L5 spinal nerve ligation model of persistent neuropathic pain. Bilateral L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), L4 and L5 spinal cord segments, and hind paw plantar skins were collected on days 0 (naïve), 3, 7, 14, and 35 post‐spinal nerve ligation or post‐sham surgery. We found that expression of mOR mRNA and protein in primary afferent neurons changed dynamically and site‐specifically following L5 spinal nerve ligation. Real‐time RT—PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis demonstrated a down‐regulation of mOR mRNA and protein in the injured L5 DRG. In contrast, in the uninjured L4 DRG, mOR mRNA transiently decreased on day 7 and then increased significantly on day 14. Western blot analysis revealed a persistent increase in mOR protein expression, although immunohistochemistry showed no change in number of mOR‐positive neurons in the uninjured L4 DRG. Interestingly, mOR protein expression was reduced in the skin on days 14 and 35 post‐nerve injury and in the L4 and L5 spinal cord on day 35 post‐nerve injury. These temporal and anatomically specific changes in mOR expression following nerve injury are likely to have functional consequences on pain‐associated behaviors and opioid analgesia.
Bedarfsorientierte Patienteninformation: Was interessiert Patienten bei der Arztsuche?
Authors: Schmidt-Kaehler Sebastian , Hennig Stefanie , Thranberend Timo 
Published: February 2011

Einleitung
Das Informationsangebot für Patienten ist in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich gewachsen. Dennoch fühlen sich viele Patienten besonders bei der Wahl eines Leistungsanbieters nicht adäquat informiert. Das Projekt „Weisse Liste“ (Bertelsmann Stiftung, Patienten- und Verbraucherorganisationen) möchte bei Auswahlentscheidungen unterstützen. In einem Projekt mit der AOK entwickelt es eine Online-Arztsuche. Der Artikel beschreibt den Informationsbedarf von Patienten – und wie dieser berücksichtigt wird.
Pain sensitivity and experimentally induced sensitisation in red haired females
Authors: Andresen Trine , Lunden Dagmar , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Arendt-Nielsen Lars 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Introduction and aim
Pain sensitivity has been linked to the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene. A mutation in MC1R can result in pale skin and red hair in humans and may modulate pain responses in general. Human studies have shown that women with non-functional MC1R’s were sensitive to experimental induced cold and heat pain. A study demonstrated that females with red hair required higher dose of anesthesia than females with dark hair to experience analgesia to electrical stimulation. Moreover, women expressing non-functional MC1Rs display greater analgesia from opioid analgesia. If redheads in general respond differently to pain and analgesics, this is of clinical importance. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate pain sensitivity and experimentally induced sensitisation in red haired females.

Method
Twenty healthy females with pale skin and red hair (mean age 32 years, range 20–55) and 20 healthy females with blond/dark hair (mean age 31 years, range 20–51) participated in this study. The pain tolerance thresholds to heat and pressure stimulation were determined. Hyperalgesia was induced experimentally by applying 0.075% topical capsaicin cream for 30 min. The secondary pin-prick hyperalgesic area was estimated with a calibrated filament (von Frey hair, 15 g) and the area of allodynia by a soft brush. This was done 0, 30, 60, and 90 min after cream removal.

Results
Neither heat nor pressure pain tolerance thresholds were changed in the two groups. The secondary pin-prick hyperalgesic areas were significantly smaller for red haired females than blond/dark haired females (P = 0.014). There were no significant differences in the allodynic areas.

Discussion
As the secondary hyperalgesic response evoked by topical capsaicin is a central phenomenon, the observed smaller pin-prick hyperalgesic area in the red haired females could indicate a central role of MCRs in development or maintenance of hyperalgesia. Central involvement of MC1Rs or dysfunction of peripheral MC1Rs activating central MC4Rs has been suggested to influence pain sensitivity. The difference observed between red haired and non-red haired females may have implications for pain management regimens as compounds interacting with sensitisation such as NMDA-antagonists or alpha-2-delta-ligands may exert different types of action in people with MC1R mutation.

Conclusion
The present study showed that red haired females were less sensitive to topical capsaicin induced pin-prick hyperalgesia compared with blond/dark haired females.

Implications
The smaller hyperalgesic area in redheads could be a manifestation of central anti-hyperalgesic involvement of MCRs and could have an influence on the treatment of pain as well as in studies investigating anti-hyperalgesic drugs.