bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone protects the lower urinary tract from metabolic syndrome-induced alterations
Authors: Vignozzi Linda , Morelli Annamaria , Corona Giovanni , Sebastianelli Arcangelo , Serni Sergio , Gacci Mauro , Adorini Luciano , Maggi Mario 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Epidemiological studies document a positive and independent association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). In the male, the pathogenesis of MetS-related LUTS involves a complex interplay among pathophysiological mechanisms mainly affecting the prostate and the bladder. Recently, hypogonadism has been recognized as a key factor bridging MetS and LUTS. Preclinical data have evidenced that MetS-induced hypogonadism is associated with alterations not only of the prostate but also of the bladder, and testosterone supplementation can counteract both. Interestingly, testosterone also shows a marked effect on the bladder, preventing the MetS-related RhoA/ROCK hyperactivation, which drives the pathogenesis of bladder overactivity and LUTS. The precise mechanisms through which testosterone exerts its protective action on the LUT remains to be fully elucidated; however, indirect (through improved cardiometabolic status) and direct (through local androgen receptor-mediated pathways) actions are both likely to play a role.
Die Zwangsheirat gemäß § 237 StGB
Authors: Ensenbach Kai 
Published: June 2012

Seitens der Grund- und Menschenrechte wird die Eheschließungsfreiheit von Art. 6 Abs. 1 GG, Art. 12 EMRK, Art. 9 EU-Grundrechte-Charta und Art. 16 Abs. 2 der Allgemeinen
Erklärung der Menschenrechte der Vereinten Nationen geschätzt. Mit § 237 StGB ist ein neuer Straftatbestand in Kraft getreten, der speziell die Willensfreiheit in Bezug auf die Eheschließung schützen soll. Dieser erfasst einerseits Zwangsmaßnahmen, die zur Eingehung der Ehe führen und andererseits bestimmte Handlungen, mit denen Personen zu diesem Zweck dem Schutz durch das deutsche Recht entzogen werden.
Die ersten Veröffentlichungen zu dieser neuen Norm sind
erschienen. An dieser Stelle soll ein Überblick über die bisherigen Stimmen gegeben und diese kritisch untersucht werden.
Dressed photon technology
Authors: Ohtsu Motoichi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This paper reviews the theoretical picture of dressed photons used to describe the electromagnetic interactions between nanometric particles located in close proximity to each other. The coupling between a dressed photon and multi-mode coherent phonons is also presented, revealing the presence of a novel phonon-assisted process in light-matter interactions. Applications of this novel process to innovative optical devices, fabrication technologies, energy conversion, and hierarchical systems are demonstrated.
Ultra-compact silicon nanophotonic modulator with broadband response
Authors: Sorger Volker J. , Lanzillotti-Kimura Norberto D. , Ma Ren-Min , Zhang Xiang 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Electro-optic modulators have been identified as the key drivers for optical communication and signal processing. With an ongoing miniaturization of photonic circuitries, an outstanding aim is to demonstrate an on-chip, ultra-compact, electro-optic modulator without sacrificing bandwidth and modulation strength. While silicon-based electro-optic modulators have been demonstrated, they require large device footprints of the order of millimeters as a result of weak non-linear electro-optical properties. The modulation strength can be increased by deploying a high-Q resonator, however with the trade-off of significantly sacrificing bandwidth. Furthermore, design challenges and temperature tuning limit the deployment of such resonance-based modulators. Recently, novel materials like graphene have been investigated for electro-optic modulation applications with a 0.1 dB per micrometer modulation strength, while showing an improvement over pure silicon devices, this design still requires device lengths of tens of micrometers due to the inefficient overlap between the thin graphene layer, and the optical mode of the silicon waveguide. Here we experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact, silicon-based, electro-optic modulator with a record-high 1 dB per micrometer extinction ratio over a wide bandwidth range of 1 μm in ambient conditions. The device is based on a plasmonic metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) waveguide, which efficiently concentrates the optical modes’ electric field into a nanometer thin region comprised of an absorption coefficient-tuneable indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layer. The modulation mechanism originates from electrically changing the free carrier concentration of the ITO layer which dramatically increases the loss of this MOS mode. The seamless integration of such a strong optical beam modulation into an existing silicon-on-insulator platform bears significant potential towards broadband, compact and efficient communication links and circuits.
Spannungsoptik-Tomographie zur Messung der Scherung in Strömungen
Authors: Schneider Torsten , Goubergrits Leonid , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Kertzscher Ulrich , Affeld Klaus 
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Spannungsoptik-Tomographie ist ein neuartiges optisches Messverfahren zur Messung von Scherungen in Strömungen. Es nutzt die scherinduzierte Doppelbrechung in Fluiden. Die tomographische Erfassung des Untersuchungsvolumens erfolgt mit parallelen Lichtschnitten und der Messung der Streulichtintensität per Kamera. Mit einem Rekonstruktionsalgorithmus wird aus den Bilddaten das dreidimensionale Scherfeld ermittelt. Die Anwendung und Validierung dieser Methode wird an einer laminaren, stationären Rohrströmung mit Rechteckquerschnitt dargestellt.
Bestimmung von Rührwerksbeiwerten — Vergleich zwischen Geschwindigkeits- und Kraftmessungen
Authors: Hörsten Christian , Sieg Michael , Hüttmann Frank , Leder Alfred 
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung
Rührwerke werden in technischen Anlagen häufig zur Erzeugung notwendiger Strömungszustände eingesetzt. Die Auslegung von Rührwerksanlagen beruht jedoch sehr auf Erfahrungswerten und soll durch Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung eines Ähnlichkeitsansatzes zur Beschreibung des Ausbreitungsverhaltens verdrallter Freistrahlen verbessert werden. Vorgestellt wird hier eine Versuchsanordnung, bei der ein Vergleich der für den Ähnlichkeitsansatz relevanten Beiwertbestimmung für K
T und K
Q aus mechanischer Kraft- und Geschwindigkeitsmessungen mittels Laser-Doppler-Anemometrie erfolgen kann.
Obesity Counseling by Pediatric Health Professionals: An Assessment Using Nationally Representative Data
Authors: Liang Lan , Meyerhoefer Chad , Wang Justin 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:Examine the rate of screening for adolescent overweight and obesity by pediatric health care professionals and the provision of advice on healthy eating and physical activity.METHODS:Our sample contains adolescents 11 to 17 years old (6911 girls and 6970 boys) from the 2001–2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey who reported having at least 1 health provider visit in the previous 12 months. Using logistic regression, we investigated factors associated with whether parents reported that their children were weighed and measured and whether they or their children received counseling on their eating habits and physical activity. All models were estimated separately by gender.RESULTS:Forty-seven percent of girls and 44% of boys who visited a health provider were advised to eat healthy, and 36% of boys and girls were advised to exercise more. Obese boys and girls were both more likely to be advised to eat healthy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, P &lt; .001 and OR = 1.70, P &lt; .001) and exercise more (OR = 2.37, P &lt; .001 and OR = 1.90, P &lt; .001) than adolescents who have normal weight. However, overweight boys and girls were counseled at a much lower rate than those who were obese. Adolescents who were more likely to receive such advice lived in the northeast, were from higher-income households, had parents with at least some college education, and had a usual source of medical care.CONCLUSIONS:Greater efforts should be made to incorporate guidelines on childhood obesity screening and counseling into clinical practice.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Alcohol Use in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yuma-Guerrero Paula J. , Lawson Karla A. , Velasquez Mary M. , von Sternberg Kirk , Maxson Todd , Garcia Nilda 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Alcohol use by adolescents is widespread and is connected to a number of negative health and social outcomes. Adolescents receiving emergent care for injuries are often linked with risky use of alcohol. The trauma system has widely adopted the use of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for preventing alcohol-related injury recidivism and other negative outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence around SBIRT with adolescent patients in acute care settings.

METHODS:
This article reviews 7 randomized controlled trials evaluating risky drinking interventions among adolescent patients in acute care settings. All studies took place in the emergency departments of level I trauma centers.

RESULTS:
Four of the 7 studies reviewed demonstrated a significant intervention effect; however, no one intervention reduced both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Two of these 4 studies only included patients ages 18 and older. Subgroup analyses with adolescents engaged in risky alcohol-related behaviors, conducted in 2 of the studies, showed significant intervention effects. Five studies showed positive consumption and/or consequences for all study participants regardless of condition, suggesting that an emergent injury and/or the screening process may have a protective effect.

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on existing evidence, it is not clear whether SBIRT is an effective approach to risky alcohol use among adolescent patients in acute care. Additional research is needed around interventions and implementation.
State of Dental Care Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children in the United States
Authors: Hakim Rosemarie B. , Babish J. Daniel , Davis A. Conan 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the prevalence of dental care visits (DCV) in 2007 in the United States among Medicaid-enrolled children from birth to age 18 and measure progress since 2002.

METHODS:
By using Medicaid research files and information from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 416 Early Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment forms, we calculated the prevalence of DCV in 50 states and the District of Columbia, stratifying by age, race, type of health plan, and Children’s Health Insurance Program status.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of having DCV ranged from 12% depending on age, to 49% with a median value of 33% but did not exceed 50% in any state. The median percent change between 2002 and 2007 was 16%. DCV among toddlers and infants were low in all but 3 states and in most states peaked at age of school entry to &gt;60% in some states. In most states, there were few racial differences in the prevalence of DCV. Children enrolled in Primary Care Case Management tended to have the highest DCV, the effect of Children’s Health Insurance Program enrollment on the number of DCV was generally positive.

CONCLUSIONS:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the prevalence of dental care by using paid Medicaid claims. Consistent with other reports, levels of DCV were low; but when the number of DCV was stratified by age and type plan, striking patterns emerged suggesting that a combination of school programs and having a medical home may have a positive impact on dental care.
The Use of Patient Pictures and Verification Screens to Reduce Computerized Provider Order Entry Errors
Authors: Hyman Daniel , Laire Mariel , Redmond Diane , Kaplan David W. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether an order verification screen, including a patient photograph, is an effective strategy for reducing the risk that providers will place orders in an unintended patient’s electronic medical record (EMR).

METHODS:
We describe several changes to the EMR/provider interface and ordering workflow that were implemented as one part of a hospital-wide quality improvement effort to improve patient identification and verification practices. We measured the impact by comparing the number of reported incidents of care being provided to any patient other than for whom it was intended before the intervention, and directly after the intervention.

RESULTS:
For the year before the interventions described herein, placement of orders in the incorrect patient’s chart was the second most common cause of care being provided to the wrong patient, comprising 24% of the reported errors. In the 15 months after the implementation of an order verification screen with the patient’s photo centrally placed on the screen, no patient whose picture was in the EMR was reported to have received unintended care based on erroneous order placement in his or her chart.

CONCLUSIONS:
The incorporation of patient pictures within a computerized order entry verification process is an effective strategy for reducing the risk that erroneous placement of orders in a patient’s EMR will result in unintended care being provided to an incorrect patient.
Secular Trends in BMI and Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Freedman David S. , Goodman Alyson , Contreras Omar A. , DasMahapatra Pronabesh , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Berenson Gerald S. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents increased by almost threefold from the 1970s to 2000. We examined whether these secular changes in BMI were accompanied by increases in blood pressure levels.

METHODS:
A total of 24 092 examinations were conducted among 11 478 children and adolescents (aged 5–17 years) from 1974 to 1993 in the Bogalusa Heart Study (Louisiana).

RESULTS:
The prevalence of obesity increased from 6% to 17% during this period. In contrast, only small changes were observed in levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and neither mean nor high (based on the 90th percentile from the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents) levels increased over the 20-year period. Within each race–gender group, mean levels of SBP did not change, whereas mean levels of DBP decreased by 2 mm Hg (P &lt; .001 for trend). Levels of BMI were positively associated with levels of SBP and DBP within each of the 7 examinations, and controlling for BMI (along with other covariates) indicated that only ∼60% as many children as expected had high levels of blood pressure in 1993.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our finding that levels of DBP and SBP among children in this large sample did not increase despite the increases that were seen in obesity indicates that changes in blood pressure levels in a population do not necessarily parallel changes in obesity. Additional study of the potential characteristics that have ameliorated the expected increase in high blood pressure could lead to further reductions in risk.
Pediatric Residents’ Perspectives on Reducing Work Hours and Lengthening Residency: A National Survey
Authors: Gordon Mary Beth , Sectish Theodore C. , Elliott Marc N. , Klein David , Landrigan Christopher P. , Bogart Laura M. , Amrock Stephen , Burke Ann , Chiang Vincent W. , Schuster Mark A. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
In 2011, the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education increased restrictions on resident duty-hours. Additional changes have been considered, including greater work-hours restrictions and lengthening residency. Program directors tend to oppose further restrictions; however, residents’ views are unclear. We sought to determine whether residents support these proposals, and if so why.

METHODS:
We surveyed US pediatric residents from a probability sample of 58 residency programs. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine predictors of support for (1) a 56-hour workweek and (2) the addition of 1 year to residency to achieve a 56-hour week.

RESULTS:
Fifty-seven percent of sampled residents participated (n = 1469). Forty-one percent of respondents supported a 56-hour week, with 28% neutral and 31% opposed. Twenty-three percent of all residents would be willing to lengthen training to reduce hours. The primary predictors of support for a 56-hour week were beliefs that it would improve education (odds ratio [OR] 8.6, P &lt; .001) and quality of life (OR 8.7, P &lt; .001); those who believed patient care would suffer were less likely to support it (OR 0.10, P &lt; .001). Believing in benefits to education without decrement to patient care also predicted support for a 56-hour-week/4-year program.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pediatric residents who support further reductions in work-hours believe reductions have positive effects on patient care, education, and quality of life. Most would not lengthen training to reduce hours, but a minority prefers this schedule. If evidence mounts showing that reducing work-hours benefits education and patient care, pediatric residents’ support for the additional year may grow.
Preeclampsia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Births
Authors: Yu Xiao Dan , Branch D. Ware , Karumanchi S. Ananth , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:The relationship between gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains unclear. Thus, we used a large cohort database to study the influence of maternal gestational hypertension and preeclampsia on the occurrence of ROP in preterm infants.METHODS:We used data from a previous retrospective cohort study that includes 25 473 eligible preterm neonates. We examined the association between gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and ROP while controlling for potential confounders by multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTS:Of the 8758 early preterm infants (gestational age &lt;34 weeks), 1024 (11.69%) had ROP, while of the 16 715 late preterm infants, only 29 (0.17%) had ROP. After adjusting for confounders, preeclampsia was associated with a significantly reduced risk of ROP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49–0.86 for early preterm birth; aOR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.93 for late preterm birth; aOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.87 for all preterm births). Gestational hypertension was not significantly associated with ROP at early or late preterm births.CONCLUSIONS:Preeclampsia, but not gestational hypertension, was associated with a reduced risk of ROP in preterm births.
Seasonal Habitat Use by Nubian Ibex (Capra Nubiana) Evaluated with Behavioral Indicators
Authors: Tadesse Solomon A. , Kotler Burt P. 
Published: June 2012

Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) prefer steep terrain in their landscape to reduce risks of predation and human nuisance disturbances. They also use vigilance and time allocation to manage risk of predation. We studied time budgets and habitat selection of Nubian ibex to: (1) identify the habitat variables to which Nubian ibex were behaviorally responsive; (2) investigate how time budget responses of Nubian ibex were related to season, slope condition, group size, and sex-age structure; and (3) develop behavioral-based models that account for the variations in the behaviors of Nubian ibex across the landscape and seasons.To quantify time budgets, we took regular field observations on focal individuals of Nubian ibex classified according to their habitat, group size, sex, and age. For each focal observation, we quantified environmental variables that were thought to influence the behavioral responses of ibex. Then, we developed behavioral models by correlating the proportion of behaviors measured in focal animal observations to the influential environmental variables. The behaviors of Nubian ibex significantly varied with sex and age structure, season, habitat type, and slope conditions. Adult females are more vigilant than adult male ibex, especially in the spring. This correlates with breeding and nursing activities. Based on the characteristics of the habitat, ibex behave to minimize risks of predation and human nuisance disturbances while maximizing their food intake.
Guided Bone Regeneration Using Injectable Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Delivery Gel
Authors: Kaigler Darnell , Silva Eduardo A. , Mooney David J. 
Published: June 2012

Background: Vascularization underlies the success of guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. This study evaluates the regenerative potential of GBR in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) delivery via an injectable hydrogel system.Methods: Critical‐sized defects were created in rat calvariae, and GBR procedures were performed with a collagen membrane alone (control), or plus bolus delivery of VEGF, or plus application of VEGF‐releasing hydrogels (VEGF–Alg). Four and 8 weeks after treatment, defect sites were evaluated with microcomputed tomographic and histomorphometric analyses for blood vessel and bone formation.Results: At 4 weeks, relative to the control condition, the bolus addition of VEGF did not affect blood vessel density within the defect site, yet the application of VEGF–Alg significantly (P <0.05) increased blood vessel density. Although there was no difference in bone regeneration at 4 weeks, at 8 weeks there was a significant (P <0.05) increase in bone regeneration in the VEGF–Alg‐treated defects.Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the application of VEGF–Alg enhanced early angiogenesis, whereas at a later time point, it enhanced bone regeneration. Controlled delivery approaches of angiogenic growth factors used adjunctively with GBR may be a promising strategy for enhancing outcomes of GBR.
Latex-Based Cement Design: Meeting the Challenges of the Haynesville Shale
Authors: Pavlock Cole , Tennison Brad , Thompson Jonn , Darbe Robert 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The Haynesville shale presents special challenges when designing cement systems. Extended-reach, horizontal wellbores create a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) environment not conducive to conventional cement slurries. Tight annular clearances and a narrow pore-pressure/fracture-gradient window have forced the industry to push the boundaries of cementing theory. Cement designs with a latex additive have improved rheological characteristics that yield lower equivalent circulating densities (ECDs) and reduce the frictional coefficient necessary for manageable surface pressures. The latex-based designs are thermally stable up to 400&#x00B0;F and provide excellent fluid-loss control, while still improving surface mixability. Most of the desired properties are observed when the cement is liquid; the set cement sheath can also provide corrosion resistance, annular bonding, and elasticity for well cycling.
The development, testing, and case histories of latex-based cement slurries are discussed in this paper and compared to conventional cement designs for horizontal applications. By improving the physical properties of the cement while it is still in a fluid state, the cement can be properly placed, thus decreasing the potential for job failures. With the fluid viscosities enhanced, the pump rates can be optimized using hydraulic modeling to obtain increased mud-displacement efficiency. Laboratory testing has shown the latex additive to be effective from 1 to 2.5 gal per sack of cement. The latex additive enhances several cementing properties and reduces the need for additional fluid modifiers. By reducing the additives in the blend, the testing variability is decreased and repeatability is increased. Similar designs have been used in the past, but failure to maintain system stability created limitations. With new technology and theory, a heavyweight, thermally stable cement can be pumped during the most adverse well conditions.