bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Profiles and the Neuroprotective, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Extracts from Achillea maritima (L.) Ehrend. & Y.P.Guo (Asteraceae) Collected in Türkiye
Authors: Ahmed Shakeel , Zengin Gokhan , Fernández-Ochoa Álvaro , de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea Maria , Leyva-Jiménez Francisco Javier , Elkiran Omer , Cakilcioglu Ugur , Akgul Bengusu H. , Pereira Catarina G. , Custódio Luísa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The current study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic activities of extracts from Achillea maritima, a wild medicinal plant used for various therapeutic purposes. The antioxidant activities were assayed through different assays like DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, and phosphomolybdenum, whereas in enzyme inhibition studies, cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were assayed. Cytotoxicity studies are conducted on S17, RAW, and HepG2 to assess its selectivity and effectiveness. Chemical profiling by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS revealed multiple bioactive compounds in the extracts. Polar solvents (ethanol, ethanol/water, and water) resulted in high concentrations of phenolic acids as well as chlorogenic and caffeoylquinic acids, as well as flavonoids like vicenin and apigenin. On the other, the nonpolar (hexane extract) was rich in octadecatrienoic acid hydroperoxy and hydroxyoctadecatrienic acid. Among these, the water extract contained the highest phenolic content of 32.26 mg GAE/g, while the ethyl acetate extract was the richest in flavonoids, with 7.83 mg RE/g. In the antioxidant studies, the water and ethanol/water extracts consistently display the most potent activities, thus indicating their significant free radical scavenging and metal chelation abilities. The studies on enzyme inhibitions showed remarkable BChE inhibitory activities of the ethanol extract in 12.50 mg GALAE/g, thus showing potential in managing disease conditions related to cholinesterase. Tyrosinase inhibition was significant by the ethanol extract, presenting 55.59 mg KAE/g. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against α-amylase with 0.66 mmol ACAE/g, while ethanol extract showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase with 4.35 ACAE/g. Cytotoxicity results showed that the water extract was most effective against the HepG2 cancer cell line by reducing cell viability to 38.4% at high doses while preserving low toxicity against normal cells, as observed by high viability percentages in S17 and RAW cell lines. These results highlight the usefulness of A. maritima extracts in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical applications.
Multilevel latent class models for cross-classified categorical data: model definition and estimation through stochastic EM
Authors: Columbu S. , Piras N. , Vermunt J. K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present an extension of the multilevel latent class model for dealing with multilevel cross-classified categorical data. Cross-classified data structures arise when observations are simultaneously nested within two or more groups, for example, children nested within both schools and neighborhoods. More specifically, we propose extending the standard hierarchical latent class model, which contains mixture components at two levels, say for children and schools, by including a separate set of mixture components for each of the higher-level crossed classifications, say for schools and neighborhoods. Because of the complex dependency structure arising from the cross-classified nature of the data, it is no longer possible to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters, for example, using the EM algorithm. As a solution to the estimation problem, we propose an approximate estimation approach using a stochastic version of the EM algorithm. The performance of this approach, which resembles Gibbs sampling, was investigated through a set of simulation studies. Moreover, the application of the new model is illustrated using an Italian dataset on the quality of university experience at degree programme level, with degree programmes nested in both universities and fields of study.
Burgess and the bucket: the emergence of spacetime in classical theories of gravitation
Authors: Cocco Lorenzo , Babic Joshua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper studies in detail a precise formal construction of spacetime from matter suggested by the logician John Burgess. We presuppose a continuous and perdurantistic matter ontology. The result is a systematic method to translate claims about the geometry of a flat relativistic, or classical, spacetime into claims about geometrical relations between matter points. The approach is extended to electric and magnetic fields by treating them as multifields defined on matter, rather than as fields in the vacuum. A few tentative suggestions are made to adapt the method to general relativity and to quantum theories.
Precision in vitro propagation by integrating response surface methodology and machine learning for Glossostigma elatinoides (Benth) Hook. F
Authors: Özcan Esra , Ali Seyid Amjad , Aasim Muhammad , Atar Hasan Hüseyin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Optimization of in vitro organogenesis of Glossostigma elatinoides (Benth) Hook. f. was targeted in this study. The experiment was designed with the help of design of experiment (DOE) of response surface methodology (RSM) model. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salt, sucrose, and agar were used as input factors and a total of 15 runs were used for optimization. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and response surface regression analysis (RSRA) followed by prediction and validation via different machine learning (ML) models. Results of ANOVA revealed the impact of different combinations on output parameters. Results of RSRA illustrated the relationship between input and output parameters. Pareto chart analysis showed the significant impact of MS on clump diameter, fresh wt., and dry wt. Normal plot analysis illustrated the positive impact of MS on all output parameters and increased proportionally with MS concentration. Results of heatmap and network analysis also demonstrated the significance of MS on all output parameters. Comparison of ML models depicted the better performance of multilayer perceptron (MLP) model for rooting (R
2 = 0.957), fresh wt (R
2 = 0.806), and dry wt (R
2 = 0.812). Conversely, the support vector regression (SVR) model demonstrated superior prediction for clump diameter (R
2 = 0.809). Among the tested models, the SVR model showed the weakest performance, aside from clump diameter, while LightGBM achieved scores close to those of the RF and MLP models across all metrics. The findings clearly indicate that the adopted protocol is well-suited for the effective commercial propagation of the aquatic G. elatinoides plant.
Surgical Management of Male Urinary Incontinence Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Review
Authors: Yong Jin , Ku Ming-Hsuan , Pham Vu H. , Tse Vincent W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This review evaluates the surgical management of male urinary incontinence (UI) following radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer, focusing on artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) and male urethral slings. It aims to assess recent evidence on the impact of RT on surgical treatment options for post-prostatectomy incontinence.

Recent Findings
Recent findings indicate that male urethral slings have lower success rates and higher complication rates in patients who have undergone prior RT. Conversely, although the AUS is the gold standard for treating post-prostatectomy UI, it also exhibits poorer outcomes and higher complication rates in post-RT patients compared to those without RT. Some recent studies suggest that administering RT after AUS implantation is associated with better continence outcomes, without increasing the risk of complications. Various techniques have also recently been developed to address urethral atrophy and persistent UI following AUS implantation, including the use of tunica albuginea flaps and downsizing to a 3.5 cm AUS cuff. It must be noted that despite increased complications, quality of life outcomes remains very favourable for patients who are post-RT and undergoing AUS implantation. The 7th International Consultation on Incontinence strongly recommends AUS as the surgical option for the post-prostatectomy incontinent male who has undergone RT.

Summary
In summary, AUS implantation significantly enhances continence and quality of life for RT patients, despite the increased risk of complications. Optimising outcomes in managing male UI post-RT requires tailored surgical approaches, thorough preoperative assessments, and realistic patient counselling.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Risk Stage II Colon Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Butare Annmarie , Sutton Tia , Kantzler Elizabeth , Kennedy Katie N. , Tumin Dmitry , Honaker Michael D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended as an option for patients who have high-risk features. It remains unclear whether all patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer benefit from adjuvant therapy. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the association between adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival in patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer.

Methods
Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2019, adult patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer defined as T4 tumor classification, perineural invasion, less than 12 lymph nodes harvested, and poorly differentiated histology. 1:1 ratio propensity matching was used to adjust for confounding variables. Survival differences based on receipt of adjuvant systemic therapy were summarized using a log rank test. Cox proportion hazard regression was used to evaluate overall survival.

Results
Of the 11,619 patients who met inclusion criteria, 2775 (24%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were more likely to receive adjuvant therapy if they were younger, married or partnered, or had left-sided lesions. Kaplan–Meier estimates showed an improvement in overall survival (log-rank test < 0.001). On pair-stratified Cox proportional hazards regression, adjuvant chemotherapy receipt was associated with 30% lower mortality hazard (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70; 95% CI 0.62, 0.80; p < 0.001). However, on landmark analysis, after excluding patients surviving < 3 months, adjuvant chemotherapy was no longer associated with mortality hazard (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.79, 1.04; p = 0.144).

Conclusion
The findings from this large SEER database study provide support for not undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer.
Teacher Communication Strategies for Addressing Child Sexual Abuse: a Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Efrati Yaniv 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Teachers play a crucial role as educators for children, and there have been ongoing calls for their active engagement in initiatives focused on the prevention and/or disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA). The available studies, however, typically do not address the most beneficial CSA-related teacher communication strategies. The aim of this study was to examine how pupils perceive their teachers’ CSA-related communication strategies and to identify the most beneficial strategy profile using latent profile analysis (LPA). Profiles of teachers’ communication strategies were compared in terms of quality of pupil-teacher communication in the area of CSA, general support, CSA-related support, age, socioeconomic status (SES), teachers’ perceptions of pupils’ CSA severity and susceptibility, and pupils’ sense of teachers’ acceptance and rejection. In the study, 756 pupils (341 boys and 415 girls), aged 11–18 (M = 15.32, SD = 1.82), and 66 teachers (21 male and 45 female), aged 25–64 (M = 41.88, SD = 8.93) were surveyed. Results: Five distinct profiles were identified: moderate active mediation (n = 256); high active mediation (n = 222); high mediation (n = 109); minor active positive focused (n = 86), and no mediation (n = 41). The “high-active” profile was the most effective for mediation, characterized by younger teachers who provided extensive general and CSA-specific support, enhancing student support experiences. The findings offer deeper insights into the efficacy of teachers’ CSA-related communication strategies, presenting an opportunity for the development of more effective sex education programs aimed at CSA prevention in the future.
Examining the Effect of an 8-Week Mindfulness Training Program on Caregiver Burden and Occupational Balance, and on Functional Capacity in People with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Prieto-Botella Daniel , Peral-Gómez Paula , Mendialdua-Canales Daniel , Fernández-Pires Paula , Benavides-Gil Gemma , Company-Devesa Verónica , Martínez-Zaragoza Fermín , Pastor-Zaplana José-Ángel , Lillo-Navarro Carmen , Espinosa-Sempere Cristina , Goldin Philippe , Sánchez-Pérez Alicia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Health Care (MBHC) Program on informal caregiver (CG) burden and occupational balance, as well as on the functional capacity of people with Alzheimer’s disease cared for.

Method
In this randomized controlled trial, 66 CGs were allocated to an MBHC (n = 33) and a treatment as usual (n = 33) group. Data collection included the Zarit Burden Interview, the Occupational Balance Questionnaire, and the Disability Assessment for Dementia. CGs were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. A total of 50 (75.6%) and 30 (45.5%) CGs completed the post-intervention and the 3-month follow-up assessments, respectively. Linear regression and generalized linear mixed models were performed to explore the intervention effects.

Results
In comparison to treatment as usual, the MBHC intervention was associated with a significant decrease in CG burden post-intervention (β = − 7.04; 95% CI: − 13.19, − 0.88; p = 0.026). Furthermore, MBHC intervention was associated with a significant increase in CGs’ occupational balance right after intervention (β = 6.54; 95% CI: 1.85, 11.22; p = 0.007). However, these positive effects were not statistically significant at the 3-month follow-up. Finally, the functional capacity of the people with Alzheimer’s disease showed non-relevant changes or differences between groups.

Conclusions
This randomized controlled trial showed that an MBHC could have a positive impact in reducing CG burden and improving their occupational balance. These results highlight the viability of implementing an MBHC as a cost-effective, community-based care intervention aimed at improving mental well-being in CGs of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.

Preregistration
This study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov) with ID, NCT03858283.
Implementation of an Educational Intervention for Gastric Cancer Awareness in the General Population in CELAC and Europe: A Strategy Proposed by the LEGACy Consortium
Authors: Carbonell-Asins Juan Antonio , Jiménez-Martí Elena , Romero Sergio , García Eduardo , Miralles-Marco Ana , Lopez Beatriz , Huerta Marisol , Caballero Carmelo , Boggino Hugo , Gauna Cinthia , Acevedo-Funes Olga Beatriz , Nuñez Gabriel Benitez , Céspedes-Cardozo Claudia Melina , Fernandez-Figueroa Edith A. , Ortiz-Olvera Nayeli , Ruiz-García Erika , Carneiro Fátima , Barros Rita , Figueiredo Ceu , Ferreira Rui M. , Groen - van Schooten Tessa Suzanne , van Santvliet Demi , Derks Sarah , Luca Romina , Alsina Maria , Riquelme Arnoldo , Cervantes Andrés , Fleitas Tania 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has a poor prognosis. The LEGACy consortium has been established to enhance GC outcomes though improved primary and secondary prevention strategies. We performed an educational intervention study using an online module to disseminate knowledge about GC risk factors and symptoms to the general population. Participants were recruited through various media channels and were exposed to an online questionnaire to assess their knowledge, before and after the educational intervention. The educational intervention included an informative brochure and a short video providing essential information about GC. Primary outcome was to evaluate the overall knowledge (global score) before and after the intervention. A total of 1034 participants were evaluated before the intervention. Of those, 866 also completed the short-term and 362 the long-term questionnaire after the intervention, respectively. On a scale of 0 to 17, the baseline global score mean was 9.4 (3.2). Results showed an increase in the average global knowledge score by 1.80 (95% CI: 1.63–1.96, p < 0.001) and 1.81 (95% CI: 1.65–1.96, p < 0.001) points after completing the short and long-term questionnaires compared to the baseline respectively for all individual questions (p < 0.05). This interventional study showed significantly improved knowledge in most domains on GC risk factors, signs, and symptoms which could be a useful strategy for promoting cancer prevention. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04019808.
Are Sport and Exercise Science Students Receiving Enough Training to Adequately Design Exercise Programs for Patients with Cancer, Overweight, or Obesity in Spain? A Comprehensive Archival and Survey Analysis of 52 Spanish Universities
Authors: Gómez-Bruton Alejandro , Gónzalez-Agüero Alex , Lozano-Berges Gabriel , Matute-Llorente Angel , Garatachea Nuria , Vicente-Rodríguez German , Casajús Jose A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Obesity and cancer are two of the most significant global public health concerns worldwide. Exercise in preventing and managing these diseases has become a prominent area of research, and BSc sport and exercise science (SES) graduates are among the professionals involved in designing exercise programs for these populations. The aims of the present study were (1) to quantify the number of teaching hours focused on exercise in patients with cancer or overweight/obesity and (2) to collect perceptions of SES teachers of whether these hours are enough to prescribe exercise to these populations adequately. An online survey was sent to 97 university teachers from 58 different institutions in Spain offering the sport and exercise sciences degree. The survey included questions designed to ascertain the number of hours lectured on the topics of exercise and cancer or overweight/obesity. Additionally, it aimed to gather teachers’ perceptions of how prepared students were to work with these populations. Seventy-six teachers (representing a 78% response rate) from 52 different centers (representing 88% of the centers) completed the survey. The teachers reported an average of 8.7 class hours dedicated to exercise and cancer and 17.1 class hours dedicated to exercise in patients with overweight/obesity. Teachers expressed low satisfaction with the number of class hours allocated to cancer education (2.2 points out of 5) and a neutral response regarding the allocation of hours to overweight/obesity (3.1 points out of 5). The findings of the current study suggest that Spanish SES students may be receiving a limited amount of instruction in the area of exercise prescription for patients with cancer and overweight/obesity. Although the curriculum is explicitly dedicated to training SES students, teachers believe that additional training in specific exercise prescription for people with cancer would enhance SES qualifications.
Gespalten zwischen Stadt und Land? Neue Ansätze der Ländlichkeitsforschung und die Perspektiven der Zeitgeschichte
Authors: Schlimm Anette 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
In den letzten Jahren mehren sich die Anzeichen für einen neuen oder wiederbelebten Konflikt zwischen Stadt und Land, der sich insbesondere in einer Abkehr der Landbevölkerung von der Demokratie zu zeigen scheint. Um diese Gegenwartsdiagnose zeithistorisch zu beurteilen, lohnt es sich, neuere Forschungsansätze zur Ländlichkeit zu nutzen. So werden die Vielfalt ländlicher Räume, ihre permanente Produktion durch diskursive und materielle Praktiken sowie die zahlreichen Verschränkungen mit anderen ländlichen oder städtischen Räumen sichtbar. Dadurch lassen sich vielfältige Forschungsgegenstände für die Zeitgeschichte erschließen, die bislang stark urban geprägt war. Die Zeitgeschichte kann darüber hinaus mit historischer Komplexität zu gegenwartsbezogenen Forschungen beitragen und die These von der (räumlich) gespaltenen Gesellschaft kritisch hinterfragen.
Smoothing, scattering and a conjecture of Fukaya
Authors: Chan Kwokwai , Leung Naichung Conan , Ma Ziming Nikolas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 2002, Fukaya [19] proposed a remarkable explanation of mirror symmetry detailing the Strominger–Yau–Zaslow (SYZ) conjecture [47] by introducing two correspondences: one between the theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves on a Calabi–Yau manifold

$\check {X}$

and the multivalued Morse theory on the base

$\check {B}$

of an SYZ fibration

$\check {p}\colon \check {X}\to \check {B}$

, and the other between deformation theory of the mirror X and the same multivalued Morse theory on

$\check {B}$

. In this paper, we prove a reformulation of the main conjecture in Fukaya’s second correspondence, where multivalued Morse theory on the base

$\check {B}$

is replaced by tropical geometry on the Legendre dual B. In the proof, we apply techniques of asymptotic analysis developed in [7, 9] to tropicalize the pre-dgBV algebra which governs smoothing of a maximally degenerate Calabi–Yau log variety introduced in [8]. Then a comparison between this tropicalized algebra with the dgBV algebra associated to the deformation theory of the semiflat part

$X_{\mathrm {sf}} \subset X$

allows us to extract consistent scattering diagrams from appropriate Maurer–Cartan solutions.
¿Cómo no tener que saber? Tecnicismos jurídicos y delitos flagrantes en Santiago, Chile
Authors: Araya-Moreno Javiera 
Published: February 2025

Resumen
Sobre la base de información recolectada en tribunales de primera instancia y en una unidad del Ministerio Público en Santiago, Chile, en este artículo se explora la manera en que el sistema de justicia penal trata los delitos considerados “flagrantes.” Citando literatura sobre tecnicismos jurídicos, describo cómo los delitos flagrantes se construyen a través de prácticas que hacen posible para los actores involucrados evitar referirse directamente a los supuestos hechos. Desde su identificación en las calles por parte de policías a su asignación a otra unidad del Ministerio Público, los delitos flagrantes se definen por una manera específica de aproximarse a los supuestos hechos, la que consiste en prácticas organizacionales y documentales específicas. Estas prácticas contrastan con el rol marginal de la detención “en flagrancia” según el Código Procesal Penal. Como un tecnicismo, el carácter flagrante del delito expresa ciertas suposiciones epistemológicas respecto a cómo determinar lo que pasó y lo que exactamente lo constituye. Más específicamente, el carácter flagrante expresa suposiciones sobre lo que, por el momento, no puede ser sabido y puede, por tanto, ser ignorado a través del proceso burocrático y judicial.