bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antisense RNA regulates glutamine synthetase in a heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium
Authors: Álvarez-Escribano Isidro , Suárez-Murillo Belén , Brenes-Álvarez Manuel , Vioque Agustín , Muro-Pastor Alicia M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme involved in nitrogen assimilation and the maintenance of C/N balance, and it is strictly regulated in all bacteria. In cyanobacteria, GS expression is controlled by nitrogen control A (NtcA) transcription factor, which operates global nitrogen regulation in these photosynthetic organisms. Furthermore, posttranslational regulation of GS is operated by protein–protein interaction with GS inactivating factors (IFs). In this study, we describe an additional regulatory mechanism involving an antisense RNA. In Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, the gifA gene (encoding GS inactivating factor IF7) is transcribed downstream of the GS (glnA) gene, from the opposite strand, and the gifA mRNA extends into the glnA coding sequence in antisense orientation. Therefore, the dual RNA transcript that encodes gifA constitutes two functional regions: a 5′ protein-coding region, encoding IF7, and a 3′ untranslated region that acts as an antisense to glnA. By increasing the levels of such antisense RNA either in cis or in trans, we demonstrate that the amount of GS activity can be modulated by the presence of the antisense RNA. The tail-to-tail disposition of the glnA and gifA genes observed in many cyanobacterial strains from the Nostocales clade suggests the prevalence of such antisense RNA-mediated regulation of GS in this group of cyanobacteria.
The case for a duty to use gender-fair language in democratic representation
Authors: Fumagalli Corrado , Rosola Martina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the light of a study of the difference between political actors and ordinary citizens as language users, and based on three moral arguments (consequence-based, recognition-based, and complicity-based), we propose that democratic representatives have an imperfect duty to use gender-fair-language in their public communication.In the case of members of the executive, such as ministries, prime ministries, and presidents, such an imperfect duty could also be justified on democratic grounds. Their choice of using a gender-unfair language, we argue, can cast doubts on the fundamental democratic commitment to respect the agency of all present and future citizens as potential participants in the law-making process.
Masculinity Challenged: Emotional Responses to State Support for Women’s Employment in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Clingan Lauren 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Building on the theory that negative emotions lead to backlash, this study examines how men manage their feelings about progressive gender change. For decades, the United Arab Emirates has engaged in what I call state-building feminism, significantly expanding Emirati women’s employment as a means of national development and establishing a modern reputation globally, while adopting neoliberal reforms that challenge men’s legally mandated breadwinning. Through interviews with 33 Emirati men impacted by state-led gender change, I analyze how they reframe initially negative emotional reactions by following feeling rules from institutionally enforced masculinity schemas. As good providers, Emirati men must assume breadwinning responsibility, rendering shared provision emasculating; they manage that feeling through rationalization and deflection. Moreover, as modern men, Emirati men’s frustration with state-building feminism feels culturally inappropriate. This leads them to supplant frustration, through rearticulation and displacement, with unaffected pride—a gendered form of everyday nationalism that supports the UAE’s reputation-building efforts. Their emotional ambivalence, a process of emotional transformation provoked by shifting cultural expectations, provides a framework for understanding how negative emotions need not lead to backlash. These findings underscore the importance of cultural schemas and emotion management in determining how those who feel threatened by progressive social change respond.
Iatrogenic injuries to reservoirs of inflatable penile prosthesis during urologic surgery: a scoping review and case report
Authors: Achalu Priyanka , Okene Michael , Mirheydar Hossein 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
First-line treatment options for patients with erectile dysfunction whose medical management has failed include the inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Many patients with an IPP require subsequent urologic surgery, during which the reservoir of the IPP can be injured.

Objectives
This review aims to present a summary of current literature related to iatrogenic injuries to the IPP sustained during urologic surgery.

Methods
Two reviewers independently performed a systematic search on PubMed using standardized search terms to identify pertinent articles. After preliminary review, relevant studies were analyzed to identify the presence of perioperative complications resulting in IPP reservoir injury. Results were categorized by surgical procedures.

Results
Among 13 articles included, all were based on urologic surgery. Four studies identified IPP reservoir injury as a result of surgical injury. Of these, injuries occurred during radical prostatectomy (n = 3) and prostatic urethral lift surgery (UroLift, n = 1). Most radical prostatectomy studies without IPP reservoir injuries also described intentional surgical techniques that were employed to prevent reservoir damage, including modulation of reservoir inflation-deflation (n = 3), temporary reservoir repositioning (n = 1), or reservoir capsule dissection to improve visualization (n = 1). Findings from an additional novel case report on IPP injury during a UroLift procedure are presented in this review.

Conclusion
Approximately one-third of studies identified intraoperative IPP reservoir injury as a significant complication of urologic surgery, particularly during radical prostatectomy. Novel case report findings also contribute the only other case of IPP reservoir damage sustained from delivery of UroLift implants. Findings are used to create a standardized surgical checklist that guides perioperative planning measures prior to pursuing surgery in adjacent spaces.
Use and Outcomes of Dexamethasone in the Management of Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Yang Frank F. , Serrano Elina , Bilodeau Kyle S. , Weykamp Michael , Silvestri Caitlin J. , Bull Ashleigh C. M. , Lin Brenda , Schaefer Sara L. , Galet Colette , Garcia Luis J. , Gitonga Baraka , Kolodziej David T. , Esposito Samantha , Parker-Brigham Molly , Luhar Rohan , Mamgain Avinash , Brown Kendrick C. , Dewdney Summer , Price Thea P. , Siparsky Nicole , Knerr Sarah , Park Pauline K. , Sanchez Sabrina , Skeete Dionne A. , Fischkoff Katherine N. , Flum David R. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To describe rates of dexamethasone use in the nonoperative management of malignant small bowel obstruction (mSBO) and their outcomes.

Background:
mSBO is common in patients with advanced abdominal-pelvic cancers. Management includes prioritizing quality of life and avoiding surgical intervention when possible. The use of dexamethasone to restore bowel function is recommended in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for mSBO. Yet, it is unknown how often dexamethasone is used for mSBO and whether results from nonresearch settings support its use.

Methods:
This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study including unique admissions for mSBO from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. Dexamethasone use and management outcomes were summarized with descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.

Results:
Among 571 admissions (68% female, mean age 63 years, 85% history of abdominal surgery) that were eligible and initially nonoperative, 26% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 23%–30%] received dexamethasone treatment (69% female, mean age 62 years, 87% history of abdominal surgery). Dexamethasone use by site ranged from 13% to 52%. Among dexamethasone recipients, 13% (95% CI = 9%–20%) subsequently required nonelective surgery during the same admission and 4 dexamethasone-related safety-events were reported. Amongst 421 eligible admissions where dexamethasone was not used, 17% (95% CI = 14%–21%) required nonelective surgery. Overall, the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for nonelective surgery with dexamethasone use compared to without its use was 0.7 (95% CI = 0.4–1.3). Using multiple logistic regression, OR after adjusting for site, age, sex, history of abdominal surgery, nasogastric tube, and Gastrografin use was 0.6 (95% CI = 0.3–1.1).

Conclusion:
Dexamethasone was used in about 1 in 4 eligible mSBO admissions with high variability of use between tertiary academic centers. This multicenter retrospective cohort study suggested an association between dexamethasone use and lower rates of nonelective surgery, representing a potential opportunity for quality improvement.
Effect of Body Mass Index on Pedobarographic and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Adolescent Flexible Flat Feet
Authors: Blackwood Victoria , Jeans Kelly A. , Zide Jacob R. , Riccio Anthony I. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Although adolescent flexible flatfoot deformity (FFD) is common, little is known regarding the effect of weight on associated symptomatology. This study uses pedobarography and patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) to determine if overweight adolescents with FFD have more severe alterations in dynamic plantar pressures than normal body mass index percentiles (wnBMI) with FFD and if such alterations correlate with pain and activity.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients aged 10 to 18 years with nonsyndromic symptomatic FFD was performed. Overweight (BMI percentile ≥ 85%) patients were compared with wnBMI patients with regard to dynamic plantar pressure measures and PRO scores. Pedobarographic data were subdivided into regions: medial/lateral hindfoot and midfoot, and first, second, and third to fifth metatarsals. Plantar pressure variables were normalized to account for differences in foot size, body weight, and walking speed. Contact area (CA%), maximum force by body weight (MF%), and contact time as a percentage of the rollover process (CT%) were calculated. Two foot-specific PROs were assessed, including the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score and the Oxford Ankle Foot Measure for Children.

Results:
Of the 48 adolescents studied, 27 (56%) were overweight and 21 (44%) were wnBMI. After normalization of the data, overweight patients had significantly greater medial midfoot MF%, whereas CT% was increased across the medial and lateral midfoot and hindfoot regions. Correlations showed positive trends: as BMI percentile increases, so will CA and MF in the medial midfoot, as well as CT in the medial and lateral midfoot and hindfoot. Significant differences were seen between groups, with the overweight group reporting lower sports and recreation subscores than the wnBMI group. No significant differences were seen in the pain and disability subscores.

Conclusions:
Although overweight adolescents with FFD exhibit greater forces and more time spent during the rollover process in the medial midfoot than normal-weight patients, they did not report worse pain or disability associated with their flat foot deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level 3.
The Longitudinal Effects of Posterior Spinal Fusion with Derotation on Axial Deformity in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Linden Gabriel S. , Adhiyaman Akshitha , Zucker Colson P. , Thakur Ankush , Wisch Jenna L. , Hillstrom Howard , Groisser Benjamin N. , Mintz Douglas N. , Cunningham Matthew E. , Haddas Ram , Hresko M. Timothy , Blanco John S. , Widmann Roger F. , Heyer Jessica H. 
Published: May 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective case series.

Objective.
To characterize the change in angle of trunk rotation (ATR), axial vertebral rotation (AVR), and body surface rotation (BSR) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with en-bloc derotation across multiple postoperative visits.

Summary of Background Data.
Previous research has documented ATR, AVR, and BSR correction for AIS patients after surgery. However, there is a lack of evidence on the sustainability of this correction over time.

Methods.
This was a retrospective study from a single-center prospective surface topographic registry of patients with AIS, age 11-20 at time of surgery, who underwent PSF with en-bloc derotation. Patients with previous spine surgery were excluded. ATR was measured with a scoliometer, AVR through EOS radiographic imaging, and BSR via surface topographic scanning, Data collection occurred at: preoperative, six-week, three-month, six-month, one-year, and two-year postoperative visits. BSR and AVR were tracked at the preoperative apical vertebral level, and the level with maximum deformity, at each respective timepoint. Generalized estimating equations models were used for statistical analysis. Covariates included age, sex, and body mass index.

Results.
49 patients (73.4% female, mean age 14.6±2.2 years, mean preoperative coronal curve angle 57.9°±8.5, and 67% major thoracic) were evaluated. ATR correction was significantly improved at all postoperative timepoints and there was no significant loss of correction. AVR Max and AVR Apex were significantly improved at all timepoints but there was a significant loss of correction for AVR Apex between the six-week and one-year visit (P=0.032). BSR Max achieved significant improvement at the three-month visit. BSR Apex was significantly improved at the three-month and one-year visit.

Conclusion.
ATR and AVR demonstrated significant axial plane correction at two-years postoperative in patients undergoing PSF for AIS. BSR did not maintain significant improvement by the two-year visit.
Chondrosarcoma of the Mobile Spine
Authors: Tobert Daniel G. , Messier Sidney , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Bakshi Chinmay , MacDonald Shannon M. , Schwab Joseph H. 
Published: May 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
The objective of this study was to report the clinical data for patients treated with mobile spine chondrosarcoma.

Summary of Background Data.
Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine is a rare and challenging entity. A handful of case series have been published that report the clinical results of treatment, largely influenced by chondrosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton and pelvis. The clinical results of patients treated for chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine from our institution were published over 10 years ago and this represents and update since that publication.

Methods.
Inclusion criteria were adults patients treated for chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine at Massachusetts General Hospital between 2007 and 2020. Patients with large sacral tumors extending into the lumbar spine were excluded. Furthermore, we excluded patients with metastatic chondrosarcoma undergoing palliative decompressions for neurological instability or instrumented procedures for biomechanical instability. Therefore, only patients undergoing definitive surgery at the primary site of disease in the mobile spine were included.

Results.
A total of 24 patients were included for review in this series. Seventeen of the 24 patients had their tumors excised with negative (R0) margins. Three of these 17 patients (18%) were dead of disease at final follow-up. There were two patients with R1 resections and five patients with R2 resections. Three of the seven patients (43%) with positive margins were dead of disease at final follow-up. A Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated total radiation dose was a significant covariate (HR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39, P=0.03).

Conclusions.
We found higher percentages of overall survival with R0 tumor resection and lower histologic grade, whereas development of metastatic disease was closely associated with local recurrence and poor survival. Despite the improvements in treatment paradigms, it is sobering that our findings largely mirror those of previous work considering patients treated between 1984 and 2006.
Advancing cell-based therapy in sepsis: An anesthesia outlook
Authors: Ye Hui , Zou Xiaoyu , Fang Xiangming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sepsis poses a health challenge globally owing to markedly high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite employing bundle therapy over two decades, approaches including transient organ supportive therapy and clinical trials focusing on signaling pathways have failed in effectively reversing multiple organ failure in patients with sepsis. Prompt and appropriate perioperative management for surgical patients with concurrent sepsis is urgent. Consequently, innovative therapies focusing on remedying organ injuries are necessitated. Cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for repairing local damage to vital organs and restoring homeostasis during perioperative treatment for sepsis. Given the pivotal role of immune cell responses in the pathogenesis of sepsis, stem cell-based interventions that primarily modulate immune responses by interacting with multiple immune cells have progressed into clinical trials. The strides made in single-cell sequencing and gene-editing technologies have advanced the understanding of disease-specific immune responses in sepsis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-immune cell therapy offers an intriguing option for the treatment of sepsis. This review provides a concise overview of immune cell therapy, its current status, and the strides made in the context of sepsis research, discussing potential strategies for the management of patients with sepsis during perioperative stages.
Outcome Measures in Adult Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morrel Beth , ten Kate-Booij Marianne J. , van Dijk Charlotte , Bramer Wichor M. , Burger Curt W. , Pasmans Suzanne G.M.A. , van der Avoort Irene A.M. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
Core outcome domains (CODs) for treatment of adult vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) have recently been established through a Delphi study. A number of measuring tools are available for evaluating VLS. The aim of this study is to identify available standardized measurement tools for the major CODs for VLS that have recently been defined, namely, physical findings and quality of life (QoL) specific to VLS.

Materials and Methods
A systematic search through September 8, 2023, for measuring tools applicable to VLS regarding physical findings and QoL including sexual function or sexual well-being and self-image was performed.

Results
Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review describing 26 tools covering the following 6 outcome domains: QoL-general health, QoL-lichen sclerosus specific, symptoms, clinical signs, emotional impact, and sexual functioning.

Conclusions
In current research, there is no uniformity in use of measurement tools for evaluating VLS. The established CODs to evaluate treatment of VLS are applicable for evaluating disease course as well. A comprehensive study to reach consensus regarding measurement of physical findings, QoL-lichen sclerosus specific, sexuality, and self-image taking the predetermined CODs and other factors such as age into account is needed.
Aesthetic Rib Cage Remodeling with Osteosynthesis: Body Structural High-Definition Reshaping (Rib Osteotomy with Osteosynthesis Stabilization)
Authors: Aguilar Villa Hugo , Villabona-Florez Silvia J. , Hoyos Alfredo E. , Perez Pachon Mauricio E. , Serrano-Reyes Hector Mauricio , Diaz Sandoval Cristian J. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Rib cage remodeling has shown promising aesthetic results as a new technique for body contouring, and yet risks and complications associated with the procedure have not been well established. The aim of the authors’ study was to assess safety, efficacy, and patient satisfaction rate associated with a new surgical technique for waistline definition.

Methods:
The authors looked into their records for patients who underwent waist narrowing through a new rib remodeling procedure with osteosynthesis of ribs XI and XII from October of 2022 to June of 2023. Follow-up was carried out at 1 and 3 months after surgery. Outcomes were evaluated based on waist and hip measurements, body image, pain, and a patient satisfaction survey.

Results:
A total of 27 consecutive patients were included in the analysis. The authors’ technique resulted in a significant reduction in waist circumference, as evidenced by a decrease of 12.1 cm and 13.0 cm at the first and third months, respectively (P < 0.005). A reduction of hip circumference of 6.2 cm and 8.7 cm at the first and third months, respectively, was also reported. A high patient satisfaction rate was reported. Postoperative complications included only 1 case of wound dehiscence and 1 case of mild pain. Pain levels were also reduced, with a mean pain score of 2.4 at week 1 and 0.26 at month 1.

Conclusions:
Rib osteotomy with osteosynthesis emerges as an innovative, safe, and reliable approach for waist narrowing. The authors’ results suggest that this technique can be applied to a wide variety of patients, and it might entail significant advantages compared with other techniques.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Evaluation of the Contrast Enhancement Performance of Gadopiclenol for Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Healthy Rabbits and Pigs
Authors: Hugon Gaëlle , Adriaensen Hans , Wintrebert Mélody , Arnould Laurent , Serfaty Jean-Michel , Robert Philippe 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
Unexpected accumulations of gadolinium in various organs were reported after the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents, making desirable to reduce the dose while maintaining equivalent diagnostic performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contrast enhancement performance of high relaxivity gadopiclenol compared with gadoterate meglumine in abdominal contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA).

Materials and Methods
In a first study in healthy rabbits, axial 3D gradient echo sequences were applied at 4.7 T to study arterial enhancement as a function of gadopiclenol dose (0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 mmol Gd/kg) or gadoterate meglumine at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg (n = 5–6/group). The increase in signal-to-noise ratio (ΔSNR) in the aorta at the first pass was measured and compared. In a second, crossover study in 6 healthy pigs, abdominal CE-MRA sequences were acquired at 3 T with gadopiclenol at 0.05 mmol Gd/kg or gadoterate meglumine at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg at a 1-week interval. Quantitatively on the maximum intensity projection (MIP) images, the mean MIP SNR within the aorta of both groups was compared. Qualitatively, a blinded comparison of the angiograms was performed by an experienced radiologist to determine the preferred contrast agent.

Results
In the rabbit, ∆SNR is linearly correlated with the gadopiclenol dose (P = 0.0010). Compared with gadoterate meglumine 0.1 mmol Gd/kg, an increase in the ∆SNR is observed after 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 mmol Gd/kg of gadopiclenol (+63% P = 0.0731, +78% P = 0.0081, and +72% P = 0.0773, respectively), whereas at 0.025 mmol Gd/kg, ∆SNR is in the same range as with gadoterate meglumine 0.1 mmol Gd/kg (+15% P > 0.9999). In pigs, contrast enhancement after gadopiclenol at 0.05 mmol/kg is +22% superior to MIP SNR after gadoterate meglumine at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg (P = 0.3095). Qualitatively, a preference was shown for gadopiclenol images (3/6) over the gadoterate meglumine examinations (1/6), with no preference being shown for the remainder (2/6).

Conclusions
First-pass CE-MRA is feasible with gadopiclenol at 0.05 mmol Gd/kg with at least the same arterial signal enhancement and image quality as gadoterate meglumine at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg.