bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid qualitative evaluation of DNA transcription factor NF‐κB by microchip electrophoretic mobility shift assay in mammalian cells
Authors: Inoue Sonoko , Kaji Noritada , Kataoka Masatoshi , Shinohara Yasuo , Okamoto Yukihiro , Tokeshi Manabu , Baba Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe have developed a separation technique for DNA–protein complex based on electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) by microchip electrophoresis, which we call microchip electrophoretic mobility shift assay (μEMSA). To evaluate the μEMSA, we employed recombinant human nuclear factor‐κB (rhNF‐κB) and its consensus double‐stranded oligonucleotide (dsOligo) fluorescently labeled with Cy5. We carried out the electrophoretic separation of the consensus dsOligo‐rhNF‐κB complex and the unbound dsOligo in methylcellulose solution and confirmed rapid (∼200 s) and reliable identification and semi‐quantitation of the specific interaction between dsOligo and rhNF‐κB. The binding specificity of rhNF‐κB was confirmed by introducing non‐fluorescently labeled consensus oligonucleotide as a competitor. The progression of the binding reaction under various incubation times was monitored, and it was found that the dsOligo and rhNF‐κB complex formation reached equilibrium (ca. 90% of the dsOligo was bound to rhNF‐κB) after 5 min. Furthermore, without any purification process, even crude NF‐κB in nuclear extracts from HeLa cells was specifically detected within 120 s by the μEMSA.
Functional connectivity during recognition memory in individuals genetically at risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Haase Lori , Wang MiRan , Green Erin , Murphy Claire 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe medial temporal lobes (MTL) and frontal cortex have been shown to subserve memory processes. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), disrupt the neuronal networks that underlie memory processing. The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is a genetic risk factor for AD and is associated with decrements in memory and in olfactory function. The present study utilized EQS, a structural equation modeling software program, to examine differences in the neuronal networks between non‐demented ε4 carriers and ε4 noncarriers during a cross‐modal olfactory recognition memory paradigm. Prior to fMRI scanning, participants were presented with 16 odors. During two scans, participants discriminated between names of odors presented before scanning (targets) or not presented (foils). The results indicate significant connections between bilateral frontal lobes and MTL for ε4 carriers when they misidentified a foil as a target. When ε4 noncarriers correctly identified a target, there were greater associations between the amygdala, MTL, and right frontal lobe; these associations also modeled the brain's response when ε4 noncarriers misidentified a foil as a target. During memory retrieval, affective cues may facilitate retrieval in ε4 noncarriers relative to ε4 carriers. Last, no model was found that best represented the functional network used by ε4 carriers when they correctly identified a target, which may reflect variability of neuronal recruitment within this population. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Broadband neurophysiological abnormalities in the medial prefrontal region of the default‐mode network in adults with ADHD
Authors: Wilson Tony W. , Franzen John D. , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , White Matthew L. , Knott Nichole L. , Wetzel Martin W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious investigations of the default‐mode network (DMN) in persons with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have shown reduced functional connectivity between the anterior and posterior aspects. This finding was originally demonstrated in adults with ADHD, then in youth with ADHD, and has been tentatively linked to ultra low frequency oscillations within the DMN. The current study evaluates the specificity of DMN abnormalities to neuronal oscillations in the ultra low frequency range, and examines the regional specificity of these DMN aberrations in medicated and unmedicated adults with, and those without ADHD. An individually matched sample of adults with and without ADHD completed 6‐minute sessions of resting‐state magnetoencephalography (MEG). Participants with ADHD were known responders to stimulant medications and completed two sessions (predrug/postdrug). MEG data were coregistered to the participant's MRI, corrected for head motion, fitted to a regional‐level source model, and subjected to spectral analyses to extract neuronal population activity in regions of the DMN. The unmedicated adults with ADHD exhibited broadband deficits in medial prefrontal cortices (MPFC), but not other DMN regions compared to adults without ADHD. Unmedicated patients also showed abnormal cross‐frequency coupling in the gamma range between the MPFC and posterior cingulate areas, and disturbed balance within the DMN as activity in posterior regions was stronger than frontal regions at beta and lower frequencies, which dissipated at higher γ‐frequencies. Administration of pharmacotherapy significantly increased prefrontal alpha activity (8–14 Hz) in adults with ADHD, and decreased the cross‐frequency gamma coupling. These results indicate that neurophysiological aberrations in the DMN of patients with ADHD are not limited to ultra slow oscillations, and that they may be primarily attributable to abnormal broadband activity in the MPFC. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved method for retinotopy constrained source estimation of visual‐evoked responses
Authors: Hagler Donald J. , Dale Anders M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRetinotopy constrained source estimation (RCSE) is a method for noninvasively measuring the time courses of activation in early visual areas using magnetoencephalography (MEG) or electroencephalography (EEG). Unlike conventional equivalent current dipole or distributed source models, the use of multiple, retinotopically mapped stimulus locations to simultaneously constrain the solutions allows for the estimation of independent waveforms for visual areas V1, V2, and V3, despite their close proximity to each other. We describe modifications that improve the reliability and efficiency of this method. First, we find that increasing the number and size of visual stimuli results in source estimates that are less susceptible to noise. Second, to create a more accurate forward solution, we have explicitly modeled the cortical point spread of individual visual stimuli. Dipoles are represented as extended patches on the cortical surface, which take into account the estimated receptive field size at each location in V1, V2, and V3 as well as the contributions from contralateral, ipsilateral, dorsal, and ventral portions of the visual areas. Third, we implemented a map fitting procedure to deform a template to match individual subject retinotopic maps derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This improves the efficiency of the overall method by allowing automated dipole selection, and it makes the results less sensitive to physiological noise in fMRI retinotopy data. Finally, the iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) method was used to reduce the contribution from stimulus locations with high residual error for robust estimation of visual evoked responses. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using magic to throw light on tricky healthcare systems: Patient safety problem solving
Authors: Williams Linda C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe illusions that occur in healthcare are inadvertent, certainly unintended, and unfortunately accepted as an aspect of practice with which clinicians have to cope. There are inadvertent illusions and unintended magic in medical devices, software, and in the healthcare environment generally. The engineer, programmer, manufacturer, or architect may not recognize the unintended magic in his or her own designs. Yet the clinician is seen as responsible when the illusion results in unexpected harm to a patient. By being unwilling to suspend disbelief in the face of illusion when it isn't clear what's real, clinicians can end the magic. It is possible to use magic and illusion to show the value of human factors engineering and ergonomics (HFE) in identifying and solving patient safety issues. HFE experts with this ability are equipped to unmask illusion and reveal magic at work in healthcare. Clinicians may see unmasking illusion as equivalent to accurate diagnosis of system ills and the first step in being able to treat system illness. In considering the state of healthcare culture, the use of simple magic tricks brings heightened awareness of tricky medical systems in need of repair and the need for tool‐based problem solving native to HFE. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The nature and time‐course of medial temporal lobe contributions to semantic retrieval: An fMRI study on verbal fluency
Authors: Sheldon Signy , Moscovitch Morris 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecent investigations have shown that the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a region thought to be exclusive to episodic memory, can also influence performance on tests of semantic memory. The present study examined further the nature of MTL contributions to semantic memory tasks by tracking MTL activation as participants performed category fluency, a traditional test of semantic retrieval. For categories that were inherently autobiographical (e.g. names of friends), the MTLs were activated throughout the time period in which items were generated, consistent with the MTLs role in retrieving autobiographical memories. For categories that could not benefit from autobiographical or spatial/context information (e.g. governmental offices), the MTL was not implicated at any time point. For categories for which both prototypical and episodically‐related information exists (e.g. kitchen utensils), there was more robust MTL activity for the open‐ended, late generation periods compared with the more well‐defined, early item generation time periods. We interpret these results as suggesting that early in the generation phase, responses are based on well‐rehearsed prototypical knowledge whereas later performance relies more on open‐ended strategies, such as deriving exemplars from personally relevant contextual information (e.g. imagining one's own kitchen). These findings and interpretation were consistent with the results of an initial, separate behavioral study (Expt 1), that used the distinctiveness of responses as a measure of open‐endedness across the generation phase: Response distinctiveness corresponded to the predicted open‐endedness of the various tasks at early and late phases. Overall, this is consistent with the view that as generation of semantic information becomes open‐ended, it recruits processes from other domains, such as episodic memory, to support performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antiproliferative effect of SOCS‐1 through the suppression of STAT3 and p38 MAPK activation in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Souma Yoshihito , Nishida Toshirou , Serada Satoshi , Iwahori Kota , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Fujimoto Minoru , Ripley Barry , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Miyazaki Yasuaki , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro , Sawa Yoshiki , Naka Tetsuji 
Published: November 2011

AbstractInflammation is a crucial driving force in the development of gastric cancers (GCs). Accordingly, persistent activation of STAT3, a transcription factor pivotal in regulating both inflammation and oncogenesis, is often detected in GC, although its mechanism remains elusive. Suppressor of cytokine signaling‐1 (SOCS‐1) is a negative regulator of proinflammatory cytokine signaling and SOCS‐1 gene methylation is frequently detected in various cancers including GC. However, the significance of SOCS‐1 methylation in GC cells remains unexplored. Our study is undertaken to evaluate the role of SOCS‐1 in GC cell proliferation and its effect on signaling pathways in GC cells. Among five GC cell lines, SOCS‐1 gene was methylated in all cell lines and constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation with elevated endogenous IL‐6 production was detected in two cell lines (NUGC‐3 and AGS). Unexpectedly, anti‐IL‐6R antibody inhibited neither cell proliferation nor STAT3 phosphorylation in NUGC‐3 and AGS. In contrast, enforced SOCS‐1 expression by adenoviral vector (AdSOCS‐1) markedly suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation and proliferation of NUGC‐3 and AGS cells in vitro. Interestingly, the antiproliferative effect of SOCS‐1 was attributable not only to the inhibition of STAT3 but also to that of p38 MAPK activity, and chemical inhibitors of JAK/STAT and p38 MAPK signaling effectively suppressed proliferation of these GC cells. Furthermore, treatment with AdSOCS‐1 in vivo significantly suppressed GC proliferation in a xenograft model. These results suggest that SOCS‐1 gene methylation is a critical step in the development of GC, and enforced expression of SOCS‐1 may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of GC.
Overexpression of factor inhibiting HIF‐1 enhances vessel maturation and tumor growth via platelet‐derived growth factor‐C
Authors: Kuzmanov Aleksandar , Wielockx Ben , Rezaei Maryam , Kettelhake Antje , Breier Georg 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that the maturation state of vessels in tumors, in addition to vascularity, is a critical determinant of tumor growth. The role of oxygen‐dependent signaling pathways in hypoxia‐stimulated angiogenesis is well established, however, little is known about their impact on vessel maturation in tumors. Here, we have studied the function of the cellular oxygen sensor, factor inhibiting HIF‐1 (FIH), which controls the activity of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1. FIH silencing in mouse LM8 osteosarcoma stimulated angiogenesis but did not influence tumor growth. In contrast, FIH overexpression led to increased pericyte coverage of the tumor vasculature, reduced vessel leakiness and enhanced tumor growth. Vessel maturation was paralleled by up‐regulation of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐C in tumors and expression of PDGF receptor‐α on pericytes. Ablation of PDGF‐C in FIH‐overexpressing tumor cells reduced pericyte coverage and tumor growth. Our data suggest that FIH‐mediated PDGF‐C induction in LM8 osteosarcoma stimulates the recruitment of PDGFR‐α positive pericytes to the tumor vasculature, leading to vessel maturation and enhanced tumor growth.
Content Literacy for the 21st Century: Excavation, Elevation, and Relational Cosmopolitanism in the Classroom
Authors: Damico James S. , Baildon Mark 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article makes the a case for conceptualizing content literacy, especially in social studies, as inquiry‐based social practices for understanding and addressing complex, multifaceted problems. Two core practices especially needed for a Web‐dominated 21st century are then described—excavation and elevation. Next, these two practices are applied to the complex, multifaceted problem of climate change to suggest ways teachers and students can use excavation and elevation with two Web texts about climate change. This leads to a model for framing, understanding, teaching, and learning content in 21st‐century schools: relational cosmopolitanism in the classroom. The article concludes with attention to the ways that this model could frame a focus on climate change in middle school, secondary school, and university level classrooms.
Preparation of a promising whole cell biocatalyst of Geotrichum sp. lipase and its properties
Authors: Xu Li , Pan Xiao‐Xing , Liu Wen‐Shan , Shen Xu‐Guang , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Liu Yun , Yan Yun‐Jun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: As a new protein expression and self‐immobilization system, cell‐surface displayed enzymes have attracted increasing attention. In this study, Geotrichum sp. lipase (GSL), an important enzyme for the enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), was first displayed on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.RESULTS: The activity of displayed GSL was higher (43.7 U g−1 dry cell) than that of Candida antarctica lipase B (26.26 U g−1 dry cell) and that of Rhizopus oryzae lipase (4.1 U g−1 dry cell). It also exhibited higher thermostability than the free lipase, and retained 89% of the original activity after incubation at 40 °C for 3 h, compared with 48% at 35 °C for the free lipase at pH 8.5. Interestingly, the displayed lipase had a wider pH range and better pH stability. It had higher activity at all pH values than the free GSL, and retained 86% of the original activity in the pH range 9.5 to 10.5, whereas the activity of the free GSL could not be detected at pH 10.CONCLUSION: This work presented a method to prepare a whole‐cell biocatalyst with better stability and broader pH tolerance which will provide a useful strategy for other cost‐effective self‐immobilized industrial lipases. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Production of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase LIP2 in Pichia pastoris using the nitrogen source‐regulated FLD1 promoter
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Feng , Shen Xu‐Guang , Sun Yong‐Chuan , Zhao He‐Yun , Xu Li , Liu Yun , Yan Yun‐Jun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Yarrowia lipolytica lipase LIP2 (YlLIP2) is an important industrial enzyme that has many potential applications. Although it has been successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of the AOX1 promoter (pAOX1), there have been many efforts to develop new alternative promoters to pAOX1 in order to avoid using methanol in the fermentation. Investigation of YlLIP2 production in P. pastoris using the formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter (pFLD1) is especially attractive, since little is known about its application in methanol‐free culture strategies.RESULTS: Three fed‐batch cultivations were performed to investigate the production of YlLIP2 in a pFLD1‐based system. When methanol was used as the fed‐batch feeding substrate, the maximum YlLIP2 activity obtained in a 10‐L bioreactor was 30 000 U mL−1 after 143 h of culture, whereas the maximum YlLIP2 activity was further increased to 35 000 U mL−1 by adopting a co‐induction strategy with methanol and methylamine as a mixed fed‐batch substrate. Furthermore, the maximum YlLIP2 activity reached 13 000 U mL−1 after 80 h of cultivation in a methanol‐free culture.CONCLUSION: The expression levels of YlLIP2 in the pFLD1‐based system were comparable with those in a pAOX1‐based system. The results suggest that pFLD1 is an attractive alternative to pAOX1, and may make it feasible to induce high yields of protein expression. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
PTHrP increases RANKL expression by stromal cells from giant cell tumor of bone
Authors: Cowan Robert W. , Singh Gurmit , Ghert Michelle 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGiant cell tumor of bone (GCT) presents with numerous osteoclast‐like multinucleated giant cells that are principally responsible for the extensive bone resorption by the tumor. Although the precise etiology of GCT remains uncertain, the accumulation of giant cells is partially due to the high expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) from the neoplastic stromal cells. Here, we have investigated whether parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) plays a role in the pathogenesis of GCT. Immunohistochemistry results revealed PTHrP expression in the stromal cells of the tumor, and that its receptor, the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R), is expressed by both the stromal cells and giant cells. PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed the expression of PTHrP and PTH1R by isolated stromal cells from five patients presenting with GCT. Treatment of GCT stromal cells with varying concentrations of PTHrP (1–34) significantly increased both RANKL gene expression and the number of multinucleated cells formed from RAW 264.7 cells in co‐culture experiments, whereas inhibition of PTHrP with a neutralizing antibody decreased RANKL gene expression. These results suggest that PTHrP is expressed within GCT by the stromal cells and can contribute to the abundant RANKL expression and giant cell formation within the tumor. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:877–884, 2012
Managing multiple vital rates to maximize greater sage‐grouse population growth
Authors: Taylor Rebecca L. , Walker Brett L. , Naugle David E. , Mills L. Scott 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDespite decades of field research on greater sage‐grouse, range‐wide demographic data have yet to be synthesized into a sensitivity analysis to guide management actions. We reviewed range‐wide demographic rates for greater sage‐grouse from 1938 to 2011 and used data from 50 studies to parameterize a 2‐stage, female‐based population matrix model. We conducted life‐stage simulation analyses to determine the proportion of variation in population growth rate (λ) accounted for by each vital rate, and we calculated analytical sensitivity, elasticity, and variance‐stabilized sensitivity to identify the contribution of each vital rate to λ. As expected for an upland game bird, greater sage‐grouse showed marked annual and geographic variation in several vital rates. Three rates were demonstrably important for population growth: female survival, chick survival, and nest success. Female survival and chick survival, in that order, had the most influence on λ per unit change in vital rates. However, nest success explained more of the variation in λ than did the survival rates. In lieu of quantitative data on specific mortality factors driving local populations, we recommend that management efforts for greater sage‐grouse first focus on increasing female survival by restoring large, intact sagebrush‐steppe landscapes, reducing persistent sources of human‐caused mortality, and eliminating anthropogenic habitat features that subsidize species that prey on juvenile, yearling, and adult females. Our analysis also supports efforts to increase chick survival and nest success by eliminating anthropogenic habitat features that subsidize chick and nest predators, and by managing shrub, forb, and grass cover, height, and composition to meet local brood‐rearing and nesting habitat guidelines. We caution that habitat management to increase chick survival and nest success should not reduce the cover or height of sagebrush below that required for female survival in other seasons (e.g., fall, winter). The success or failure of management actions for sage‐grouse should be assessed by measuring changes in vital rates over long time periods to avoid confounding with natural, annual variation. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.