bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some optical solitons and modulation instability analysis of (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger and coupled nonlinear Helmholtz equations
Authors: Alsaud Huda , Youssoufa Mati , Inc Mustafa , Inan Ibrahim Enam , Bicer Harun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we acquired some optical solitons of (3 + 1) dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (3DNLSE) and coupled nonlinear Helmholtz equations (CNLHE) by using generalized $$\left(\frac{{G}^{\prime}}{G}\right)$$

G

′

G

-expansion method (GEM). We are able to derive exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic solutions. We notice that Mathematica 11.2 offer the equations for these answers. Aside from that, we display some of the solution’s graphic performance. Recently, accurate traveling-wave solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) have been acquired using this technique. Through linear stability analysis, we derive an analytical expression for the instability gain and analyze its main characteristics. Finally, we assess the robustness and stability of the solitary waves through numerical simulations and compare the accuracy of the analytical and numerical results. The obtained ultra-short optical solitons can be widely used as a guide for practical applications in telecommunications domain.
Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms; the modern philosopher’s stone
Authors: Barrow N. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe search for the mediaeval philosopher’s stone and the search for effective phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are analogous. Both are based on an erroneous assumption about nature. Advocates for phosphate solubilizing microorganisms think that P is present in soils as discrete compounds of iron, aluminium, and calcium. This is not consistent with many observations. Rather, P is adsorbed on, and penetrates, into variable-charge surfaces. Further, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms often do not compete with microorganisms already present or produce acid under soil conditions. When responses do occur, they are more likely to be caused by effects of decreased pH on uptake of P by plant roots rather than on release of P by soil We are more likely to conserve resources and to decrease water pollution by understanding that previous applications have changed soil conditions so that subsequent applications are more effective, and much less phosphate is required.
Values in public health: an argument from trust
Authors: Popa Elena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch on the role of values in science and objectivity has typically approached trust through its epistemic aspects. Yet, recent work on public trust in science has emphasized the role of non-epistemic values in building and maintaining trust. This paper will use a concept of trust that adds concerns about justice to epistemic conditions to investigate this problem in relation to public health. I will argue that trust-conducive values, particularly justice, are relevant in deciding which value influences are legitimate in scientific decision-making. Drawing on public health ethics, I will provide a consequentialist justification for employing trust-conducive values. While several concepts of justice have been explored in the context of public health, I will further draw on public health ethics, focusing on a view that brings together both distributive and procedural aspects. For illustration, I will use the case of cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly how concerns about justice apply when choosing between population-based and individual-based approaches.
Urban eastern gray squirrels (sciurus carolinensis) show little seasonal variation in biochemical and hematological parameters
Authors: Rimbach Rebecca , Petritz Olivia A. , Balko Julie A. , Pontzer Herman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUrban wildlife faces unique physiological and behavioral challenges compared to conspecifics which live in less altered natural habitats. Animals in urban habitats are also exposed to urban stressors and commonly make use of inappropriate food sources from trash bins and dumpsters, which may affect their heath status. The goals of this study were to evaluate overall health of an urban population of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and to assess seasonal changes in several health parameters. Squirrels (N = 45) were trapped in Durham, North Carolina, USA and briefly anesthetized with inhalant anesthetic for physical examination, body mass collection, and venipuncture via the femoral vein. Collected blood was analyzed for several health parameters via hematology and biochemistry analyses including assessment of lipids and kidney and liver values. Physical examinations were clinically unremarkable and similar across seasons. Females had higher cholesterol values and lower creatinine values compared to males. Seasonal differences occurred in few parameters and were detected only between summer and either fall or spring. Potassium and monocytes were higher in summer compared to spring, and creatinine, BUN and monocytes were higher in summer compared to fall. Overall, health parameters of urban eastern gray squirrels fell within published reference ranges for the species. Together, these results suggest that urban squirrels in this study population can maintain good health in an anthropogenic habitat.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The complex lived experience of schizophrenia diagnosis: a thematic analysis of online forum posts
Authors: Lyons Minna , Gupta Veenu , Blaney Peter Sunny , Ogenyi Appey , Webster Elliot , Brewer Gayle 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReceiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia can be a life-changing experience with both negative and positive consequences. Previous research has identified important aspects of diagnosis, such as disagreement with the label, diagnostic shifts, stigma, and communication of the diagnosis. There is, however, relatively little research from the lived experience perspective. In this study, we investigated the lived experiences of receiving a schizophrenia diagnosis utilising a popular Reddit discussion forum. We used inductive thematic analysis to consider posts from 105 unique usernames and identified five themes. These were (i) Denial and acceptance; (ii) Stigma of diagnosis and selective disclosure; (iii) The complicated process of diagnosis; (iv) Losing, maintaining, and finding a sense of self; and (v) Receiving, finding, and providing support. Diagnosis is a complex personal experience where the same person can simultaneously accept and reject the diagnostic label. Greater attention is required to the lived experience of this diagnostic journey.
The Daubert Standards for Admissibility of Evidence Based on the Personality Assessment Inventory
Authors: Kurtz John E. , Pintarelli Emily M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article considers the admissibility of expert testimony based on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey in Personality Assessment Inventory professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources (1991, 2007a)) from the Daubert standard for rules of evidence. Several topics of PAI research that have relevance to common court proceedings are reviewed, including psychological damages, prediction of recidivism, malingering, and concealed psychopathology. We conclude that the PAI will meet the Daubert standards in most cases. The PAI provides quantitative data that allows for empirical evaluation of reliability and validity. The PAI has been subject to extensive empirical evaluation by the scientific community. Cut scores on various PAI scales and indexes have demonstrated acceptable error rates. Standards exist for the appropriate education and training of PAI users and for proper administration procedures. Finally, the PAI is widely accepted and used by psychologists and other mental health professionals, including those who work in the forensic context.
Robots for Interventions: Proof-of-Concept Method for High-Speed Filling Line Interventions Towards the Removal of Gloves
Authors: Dekker Ivo , Waelbers Pieter , Tancer Wido , Kellens Karel , Demeester Eric 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Although pharmaceutical high-speed filling lines are fully automated, interventions are still performed by hand via glove ports. Bringing robots into the high-speed production lines for the handling of interventions could increase both the thoughput and the sterility of the system. The work presented in this manuscript proposes a semi-autonomous intervention strategy for the removal of erroneous plungers.

Methods
A YOLOv8-based computer vision algorithm continuously monitors the state of the plunger feed. Autonomous motion planning is used for large, general movements, while human-operated teleoperation with system guidance allows for small, precise motions. The combination of both creates a intuitive, gloveless intervention method.

Results
A user test with a group of 22 volunteers shows that an untrained operator can perform the teleoperated intervention via this system in an average of $$\pm 30$$

±
30

s and $$\pm 21$$

±
21

s when the plungers are static and dynamic respectively. Via a Likert-scale based questionnaire, it was found that the test group experienced the haptic system as very intuitive. Additionally, the system is capable of running completely remotely via a two-laptop setup, which has been tested at distances up to 100km.

Conclusion
An intuitive, haptic semi-autonomous teleoperation system is created for the execution of a plunger removal intervention. Both in a static and dynamic scenario, an improvement of the operating time is observed compared to the current glove-based method (2 to 3 min). The system can run fully remotely and was found to be very intuitive by the user group.
The non-apodiform Strisores (potoos, nightjars and allied birds) from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze
Authors: Mayr Gerald , Kitchener Andrew C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract﻿Fossils of the avian clade Strisores (nightjars, swifts and allies) are well represented in some early Eocene localities. These birds were also taxonomically diverse in the British London Clay, but most of the previously described fossils belong to the Apodiformes (swifts and allies), or are represented by very fragmentary specimens. Here we report substantial new material of non-apodiform taxa of the Strisores from Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK) that bears on the diversity and affinities of aerial insectivores from the London Clay. In addition to specimens of the recently described archaeotrogonid Archaeodromus, we report partial skeletons of the enigmatic taxon Palaeopsittacus, as well as two new species of the Fluvioviridavidae. The new Archaeodromus fossils reveal previously unknown osteological details, including features of the skull. The Palaeopsittacus specimens suggest that this poorly known taxon may be the earliest stem group representative of the Nyctibiiformes. The specimens of the Fluvioviridavidae elucidate some aspects of the osteology of these birds and the quadrate shows a morphology that is distinct from all extant Strisores. The non-apodiform Strisores from Walton-on-the-Naze exhibit disparate morphologies, which indicate that there was already significant ecological diversification of these birds by the early Eocene, and the diversity of these aerial insectivores in Walton-on-the-Naze contrasts with the absence of bats in this locality and other sites of the London Clay.
Patient Perspectives on Mindfulness-Based Interventions During Hospitalization for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Exploratory Interview Study
Authors: Tschenett Hannah , Funk Georg-Christian , Vafai-Tabrizi Florian , Nater Urs M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) suffer not only from somatic symptoms but also from symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to effectively reduce these symptoms in other conditions. In patients with AECOPD, MBIs are under-researched. The present study explored whether patients hospitalized for AECOPD perceive MBIs as appropriate and feasible, and how MBIs might be implemented and adapted for this patient group.

Method
In an exploratory qualitative study, one-time semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients hospitalized for AECOPD (65% women; Mage=70.85 years, SD=7.53). Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and a codebook approach.

Results
Most patients were interested in add-on treatment options such as MBIs and considered them as potentially beneficial (65%). Patients’ understanding of mindfulness varied and was difficult to separate from other mind-body practices (e.g., autogenic training). Previous experiences with mind-body practices and expectations regarding the effectiveness of MBIs influenced patients’ interest in MBIs. Context factors (e.g., short exercises) were more important than content factors (e.g., type of exercise). General barriers (e.g., scheduling issues) and COPD-related limitations (e.g., decreased mobility) hindered the self-administration of MBIs.

Conclusions
Most patients hospitalized for AECOPD interviewed in this study were interested in MBIs and rated them as potentially helpful and feasible to incorporate in health care settings and everyday life. Future studies investigating MBIs in COPD are needed and should carefully consider patients’ perspectives, addressing context factors (e.g., timing, exercise length), patients’ needs, and COPD-related limitations.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
Predicting prostate adenocarcinoma patients’ survival and immune signature: a novel risk model based on telomere-related genes
Authors: Zheng Jiefang , Chen Jiahui , Li Hongxiao , Li Yuanchao , Dong Weimin , Jiang Xianhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlterations in telomeres constitute some of the earliest occurrences in the tumourigenesis of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and persist throughout the progression of the tumour. While the activity of telomerase and the length of telomeres have been demonstrated to correlate with the prognosis of PRAD, the prognostic potential of telomere-related genes (TRGs) in this disease remains unexplored. Utilising mRNA expression data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we devised a risk model and a nomogram to predict the survival outcomes of patients with PRAD. Subsequently, our investigations extended to the relationship between the risk model and immune cell infiltration, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, and specific signalling pathways. The risk model we developed is predicated on seven key TRGs, and immunohistochemistry results revealed significant differential expression of three TRGs in tumours and paracancerous tissues. Based on the risk scores, PRAD patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk cohorts. The Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses corroborated the exceptional predictive performance of our novel risk model. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk score was an independent risk factor associated with Overall Survival (OS) and was significantly associated with T and N stages of PRAD patients. Notably, the high-risk group exhibited a greater response to chemotherapy and immunosuppression compared to the low-risk group, offering potential guidance for treatment strategies for high-risk patients. In conclusion, our new risk model, based on TRGs, serves as a reliable prognostic indicator for PRAD. The model holds significant value in guiding the selection of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in the clinical management of PRAD patients.
Exploring the enigma: history, present, and future of long non-coding RNAs in cancer
Authors: Naseer Qais Ahmad , Malik Abdul , Zhang Fengyuan , Chen Shengxia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are more than 200 nucleotides in length and do not encode proteins, play crucial roles in governing gene expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. These molecules demonstrate specific expression patterns in various tissues and developmental stages, suggesting their involvement in numerous developmental processes and diseases, notably cancer. Despite their widespread acknowledgment and the growing enthusiasm surrounding their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, the precise mechanisms through which lncRNAs function remain inadequately understood. A few lncRNAs have been studied in depth, providing valuable insights into their biological activities and suggesting emerging functional themes and mechanistic models. However, the extent to which the mammalian genome is transcribed into functional noncoding transcripts is still a matter of debate. This review synthesizes our current understanding of lncRNA biogenesis, their genomic contexts, and their multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis, highlighting their potential in cancer-targeted therapy. By exploring historical perspectives alongside recent breakthroughs, we aim to illuminate the diverse roles of lncRNA and reflect on the broader implications of their study for understanding genome evolution and function, as well as for advancing clinical applications.
Filter Bubbles and the Unfeeling: How AI for Social Media Can Foster Extremism and Polarization
Authors: Rodilosso Ermelinda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocial media have undoubtedly changed our ways of living. Their presence concerns an increasing number of users (over 4,74 billion) and pervasively expands in the most diverse areas of human life. Marketing, education, news, data, and sociality are just a few of the many areas in which social media play now a central role. Recently, some attention toward the link between social media and political participation has emerged. Works in the field of artificial intelligence have already pointed out that there is a close link between the use of machine learning algorithms in social media and possible epistemic isolation, which could lead to political radicalization. The idea supporting this paper is that artificial intelligence for social media can actively put users’ deliberative capacity at risk and foster political extremism. To prove these claims, I proceed along two lines of inquiry. First, I focus on filter bubbles, namely the result of selections made by algorithms that recommend contents that meet users’ expectations and opinions. To analyze this phenomenon, I refer to the Deweyan model of experience. Second, I connect the filter bubbles problem to the Deweyan idea of deliberative and participatory democracy and Nussbaum’s concept of political compassion. The purpose of this paper is to provide a philosophical foundation that can both (1) effectively serve as a method for analyzing machine learning algorithms and their potential problems in relation to political extremism, and (2) be adopted as a standard to counter the danger of extremism associated with social media experience.
Generating Composite Material Maps from Numerical Simulation of Hailstone Impact
Authors: Macdonald John. R. , Stack Margaret M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver the lifetime of a wind turbine, the blades receive significant erosion to the leading edge caused by precipitation, leading to large losses in aerodynamic performance and therefore power output. It is therefore prudent to study the mechanics of the erosion process in order to predict and mitigate these losses. Whilst leading edge erosion due to raindrop impact has received much research attention in recent years, very little research has focussed the role of hailstone impact in erosion in wind turbine blades. This paper aims to use a computational simulation model to investigate and characterise the physics of the impact of a hailstone on a flat plate of composite glass fibre material typical of those used in the construction of wind turbine blades. This was achieved by modelling the ice projectile using a Single-Particle Hydrodynamic approach in the software package LS-DYNA. This simulation was used to determine how the impact response in the target plate was affected by various parameters of the impact scenario. Simulations were run using diameters of hailstone between 5 and 20 mm, impact speeds between 80 and 120 ms−1, and at angles of incidence between 90 and 0 degrees. The paper presents these observations in the form of “maps” of the material response at each angle of incidence. It was observed that whilst at low velocities, the material response varies linearly with diameter and velocity and at higher velocities, more complicated behaviour arises due to the interaction between the initial stress wave and the remainder of the impacting projectile.
Geometric deep learning for enhanced quantitative analysis of microstructures in X-ray computed tomography data
Authors: Lapenna M. , Tsamos A. , Faglioni F. , Fioresi R. , Zanchetta F. , Bruno G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuantitative microstructural analysis of XCT 3D images is key for quality assurance of materials and components. In this paper we implement a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN) architecture to segment a complex Al-Si Metal Matrix composite XCT volume (3D image). We train the model on a synthetic dataset and we assess its performance on both synthetic and experimental, manually-labeled, datasets. Our simple GCNN shows a comparable performance, measured via the Dice score, to more standard machine learning methods, but uses a greatly reduced number of parameters (less than 1/10 of parameters), features low training time, and needs little hardware resources. Our GCNN thus achieves a cost-effective reliable segmentation.
First dietary assessment of a generalist mesocarnivore, the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Austria
Authors: Hatlauf Jennifer , Lanszki József 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe golden jackal (Canis aureus) has rapidly expanded its range in Europe, prompting questions about its ecological impact and management. The species’ expansion strategy differs from other European countries. Despite its presence demonstrated for thirty years, it still has a limited presence in Austria; its successful reproduction has just recently been confirmed. Our study provides the first comprehensive insights into the dietary habits of jackals in Austria. The analysed jackal stomachs, with 48 food items, revealed a diverse diet. The primary foods were wild ungulates, mostly from scavenging, mostly cervids and partially wild boar, making up nearly half of their diet. Domestic animals and household food comprised secondary sources, while plant matter had tertiary importance. The consumption of small mammals, birds, and invertebrates had little importance. We detected the consumption of a smaller carnivore, a marten. Our findings align with observations from other central-southeastern European regions, indicating that jackals exhibit diverse and opportunistic foraging behavior. This adaptability will likely contribute to their continued expansion in Austria and Europe. Further research is needed to explore potential ecological implications. Addressing the golden jackal's expansion requires coordinated conservation and management to balance its coexistence with humans and local biodiversity preservation.