bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jewish Communal Reconstruction in the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Gitelman Zvi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The fall of communism in 1991 radically changed the political dimension of Jewish life in the former Soviet Union. The most obvious transformation, of course, was that which resulted from the shattering of the Soviet Union into fifteen or sixteen independent states. No longer is there a single policy toward Jews on the territory of the former Soviet Union. In the Ukraine, the Baltic, and other states, prominent political leaders have explicitly renounced antisemitism and have pledged that the new states will not discriminate against Jews and will guarantee their civil and cultural rights. This has brought about a major change in the Jewish situation and the one on which this chapter will concentrate: the opportunity to rebuild Jewish institutions and communities, which, except for some synagogues, had been destroyed by the Soviet regime back in the 1920s.
Concentric Rings of Healing
Authors: Glucklich Ariel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThere is nothing “magical” (occult) about magic, the claims of its practitioners to the contrary notwithstanding. Instead of taking the boasts of magicians literally, the sociology and the symbolism of magic have come to dominate academic interest. The only admissable hypotheses deal with social function or symbolic meaning. But perhaps a different set of speculations could also be considered. Assume, as a working hypothesis, that the earliest form of magical practice was the healing of sick and injured people. If quantity is a sign of need, no act of magic is more necessary than curing illness. In Banaras, magical healing outstrips every other form of practice, including, most notably, astrological divinations. In the search for health, Banarsis ignore doctrinal, sectarian, and caste boundaries without a thought. All magical healing tries to do this: It restores the wholeness—the systemic completeness—in the consciousness of the main participants. The specific desired goal of a given rite is then perceived as inherently contained in the actions of the rite because the rite produces this relational consciousness.
Philosophical Issues
Authors: Glucklich Ariel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDo we consider certain phenomena magical because we think of the body and the mind as distinct and separate? It seems possible that the extraordinary power attributed to so-called magical healing would be accepted as commonplace if we were to let go of the centuries-old habit of separating body and mind. Many writers on new medicine, “quantum healing” and the rest, feel that this distinction should be dropped. But if we abandon dualism, what is the alternative: Materialism? Mentalism? Some New Age scientists, Fritjof Capra for instance, have fallen back on an idealism that uses the idiom of contemporary physics but owes more to the ancient mystical philosophies of Asia. Unfortunately, it is far easier to lament the sorrows of Cartesian dualism than to devise an alternative that will satisfy our commonsense and ideals. Since magic is also a cultural fact, and is often a corporate affair, the question of body and mind extends to nature and culture. This chapter considers the various philosophical possibilities and their effects on how one can understand magic.
Animal Magic
Authors: Glucklich Ariel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNo clear demarcation line separates humans from animals in Banaras, either in theory or in practice. Just as Americans speak English with little reflection on rules of grammar, so Banarsis interact with animals directly and without the intervention of a scientific system of classification. India's mythology is vast and vividly populated with an immense variety of animals. Still, the act of linking a particular animal to a given myth is seldom a clear-cut intellectual act. Sociologists and anthropologists like to use such terms as analogy, homology, symbolization, and instantiation to describe the connection. The common thread in the rich sociological analysis of symbolic animals is the arbitrary or conventional quality of human relations to nature. The residents of Banaras, especially fishermen or boat-owner castes, use fish in their rites of exorcism. The use of animals, usually birds, to detect the stealthy arrival of ghosts may be connected with another practice—the reading of omens in the behavior of animals. This chapter examines the use of animals in magic and in healing.
The Qur'an and God's Prophets
Authors: Stowasser Barbara Freyer 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Qur'an, the God's Word revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, teaches believers the doctrine of its own nature. First, the Arabic Qur'an is truly and literally God's Word as revealed verbatim (word for word) and seriatim (in a continuous series over time) to Prophet Muhammad. Second, the Qur'an, the Sacred Word of God, is the faithful copy of a text contained in a heavenly tablet, God's heavenly Scripture. Third, the Qur'an is God's final message to the world, guidance for all humankind. Fourth, the Qur'an follows and confirms other revelations that were sent to various people in history.
Taboo
Authors: Talalay Kathryn 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter looks at the life of Josephine and her faithfully kept diary since her early teens. Josephine came from a wealthy and powerful family in Texas. At the age of sixteen or seventeen she married Jack Lewis, a travelling salesman but the marriage didn't last long because of Josephineɧs urges to liberate herself from the Cogdell family. Josephine moved to California to continue her education and had a brief fling there. In 1921, she moved to San Francisco and there she met John Garth and fell in love with him. But after five years, their relationship reached an emotional nadir and this forced them to separate. By then she had met George Schuyler and he became her lover.
Farewell
Authors: Talalay Kathryn 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
It was not only Philippa's world that had tumbled, her parents' married life had also reached an impasse. They didn't quarrel about money nor over the way their daughter was raised, but the issue they clashed on was the interracial nature of their marriage which had always been an overwhelming societal strain. In addition to these marital difficulties lay conflicting differences in temper and life-style. Josephine dogmatically adhered to ideas about purity and believed in devoting her life loving only one man while George was a devoted epicure and an unchanged womanizer. Nothing seemed to help to relieved Philippa's depression, even a proposal of marriage from a handsome African prince by the name of Dr. Nwafor Orizu, who would later become acting president of Nigeria, did not boost her flagging spirits. Added to Josephine's problems were issues she had concerning her relationship with her daughter.
South of the Border
Authors: Talalay Kathryn 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The year 1950 opened a new chapter in Philippa's life when she started her professional travels abroad. While the relationship of Philippa and her mother continued to be troubled, the tour accomplished one important thing: it renewed Philippa's faith in her ability as a performer. During 1951 and 1955, Philippa visited and performed in every South and Central American country, and numerous Caribbean islands. American National Theatre and Academy's financial support seldom amounted to more than a contribution toward travel expenses for Philippa, yet the sponsorship provided her with an official stamp of approval. While travelling all over Central and South America, Philippa had realized for the first time in her life an alternative to America's colour obsession.
Suite Africaine
Authors: Talalay Kathryn 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
From London, Philippa went to Istanbul and Beirut to give a series of concerts and meet old friends. Then, by personal invitation, Philippa proceeded to Addis Baba to see Haile Selassie, who had organized a short reception in her honour in the Throne Room of his new Jubilee Palace on Christmas Day. On New Year's Day, 1958, Philippa traveled from Addis to Khartoum. From Khartoum she travelled again to Uganda for a series of performances. But possibly the best part of her stay in Uganda was her visit to the famed Queen Elizabeth National Park on the western fringe of the country. While the West African tour had been a success for Philippa, it was also a soul-searching journey for her. The kaleidoscopic and wearing tour had come to an end and Philippa had been opened up to Africa's complexity and beauty.
Who Killed the Congo?
Authors: Talalay Kathryn 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Regular travel was Philippa's antiseptic, with her globetrotting came her musical career. But in the summer of 1960, when she reached her twenty-ninth birthday, she started working as a political journalist. On June 7, 1960, Philippa arrived in Elisabethville, the capital of the Belgian Congo's copper-rich Katanga province, exactly three weeks before the colony would gain its uneasy independence. Philippa would later inform New York how Congo's independence would have a tragic end. And indeed shortly after Independence Day, the Republic of Congo, as the new nation was called, began to disintegrate as ethnic and personal rivalries surfaced.
Dennis Redux
Authors: Talalay Kathryn 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter starts on a typical April day in Paris, when Philippa met her friend Georges Apedo-Amah and they dined at their favourite restaurant and talked. The next day, she received a letter from Dennis, telling her that he had not won the Granada Prize for the concerto he had written and dedicated to her, and and he was blaming her. Returning to England, Philippa decided to play it cool and she delivered four concerts in a row and met Dennis every day, whom she was going to marry. Dennis asked Philippa to consult a priest before marrying him, but she did not give him an immediate answer because she was lecturing in some western states as Miss Monterro. Dennis did not know that in mid-August of that same year, Philippa suddenly realized she was pregnant, and the father was Georges. Philippa was troubled because the father of her child was black and she didn't want her child to experience what she had.
Good Men Die
Authors: Talalay Kathryn 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Philippa was both intrigued and appalled by Vietnam and she found its people the most beautiful she had ever seen. Vietnamese curiosity in the occult resonated with her, as well as their approach to healing and medicine and she was particularly attracted to their children especially those which were “half-caste”: products of American GIs and Vietnamese women. She then co-founded an organization called the Amerasian Foundation to help these children. By mid-September, Philippa had already decided to write a book about Vietnam. Philippa concluded her first trip to Vietnam in the late autumn of 1966, having spent almost six weeks there, and returned to America for some concerts but realized that she was more inclined into writing. She continued to bash American through her writing.
Introduction
Authors: Klawans Jonathan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReevaluation of the topic of impurity and sin is necessary since the question of the relationship between the two in ancient Judaism has not been adequately addressed since Buchler's Studies appeared in 1928. A few classic works on impurity in ancient Judaism, scholarship that has had, for better or worse, a significant impact on the scholarly discussion, are described in detail. The two “classics”—works of scholarship from before the Second World War, which remain significant today—are also presented. The first is Adolph Buchler's Studies in Sin and Atonement, with its two chapters on the defiling force of sin. Then, Gedalyahu Alon's essay “The Bounds of the Laws of Levitical Cleanness” is addressed. Next, the Introduction considers Douglas' Purity and Danger. It also examines Neusner's The Idea of Ancient Judaism. The second section of the introduction identifies the scholarship devoted to clarifying the relationship between impurity and sin in the Hebrew Bible. Moreover, the scholars who have contributed positively to the understanding of the fact that certain grave sins have their own distinct force in the Hebrew Bible are reported.
Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Perlmutter Felice Davidson , Bailey Darlyne , Netting F. Ellen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis Epilogue summarizes all the challenges faced by managerial supervisors, and assesses the forces that can contribute to both professional and personal satisfaction in a career well spent in the delivery of effective services to people in need. Topics discussed include meeting professional challenges for managerial supervisors, responding to legal mandates, building strategic alliances, humanizing technology, facilitating communication, and supporting diversity.
Reading or Listening and Remembering
Authors: Lehmann Andreas C. , Sloboda John A. , Woody Robert H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter discusses three skills—sight-reading, playing by ear, and recalling a memorized performance—related to an individual's ability to retain and recall information from memory. These are then related to a musician's performance. The first two are necessary for the effective learning of a musical piece, while the last is vital in retaining and enriching musical performances. Based on research, it is shown that some teachers consider learning music by ear more natural than the use of musical notation. Also, it is posited that expert musicians have developed unique access to their long-term memories which is vital in the skills of sight-reading, ear-playing, and recall. Another theory presented is that musical reading is dependent on prior knowledge and stimulus, and that from this, parallels can be drawn with memorized performance. Lastly, it is shown that sight-reading and memory skills can be developed and enhanced through practice and training.
Managing Performance Anxiety
Authors: Lehmann Andreas C. , Sloboda John A. , Woody Robert H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter discusses performance anxiety or “stage fright,” which is a serious problem for a lot of musicians and often has its roots in an individual's early experiences in coping with stress and pressure. The first section of the chapter discusses the physiological symptoms of performance anxiety, which are likened to a person's instinctive response to threat. Training and medicine are prescribed to address these symptoms. The remaining sections discuss the sources of performance anxiety, which can originate from within the musician himself, the particular situation, or the musical task itself. Predispositions to anxiety or unrealistic performance expectations may be addressed through cognitive treatment. Situational stress, on the other hand, can be minimized by identifying and mitigating stress-inducing factors. The last remedy is related to the musician's mastery of the piece being performed and suggests that the musical piece must not be beyond the musician's skill level.
The Critical Nexus
Authors: Atkinson Charles M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This book confronts an enigma of early writings on music: why chant, which was understood to be divinely inspired, needed to be altered in order to work within the then-operative modal system. To unravel this mystery, the book creates a broad framework that moves from Greek harmonic theory to the various stages in the transmission of Roman chant, citing numerous music treatises from the 6th to the 12th century. Out of this examination emerges the central point behind the problem: the tone system advocated by writers coming from the Greek harmonic tradition was not suited to the notation of chant and this basic incompatibility led to the creation of new theoretical constructs. By tracing the path of subsequent adaptation at the nexus of tone system, mode, and notation, the book promises insights into what mode meant to the medieval musician and how the system responded to its inherent limitations. Through an examination of the major musical treatises from the 6th through the 12th centuries, this text establishes a central dichotomy between classical harmonic theory and the practices of the Christian church. The book builds the foundation for a broad and original reinterpretation of the modal system and how it relates to melody, grammar, and notation.
The Heritage of Antiquity
Authors: Atkinson Charles M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
It has often been said that Western European intellectual life in the Middle Ages rested on two bases—the heritage of Antiquity and the traditions and practices of the Christian church. The bifurcate nature of medieval intellectual history is nowhere better exemplified than in the formation of a theory of melodic classification into tones or modes and the concomitant establishment of a tone-system or scalar matrix for medieval music. Whereas in some areas the two main sources of influence stood in conflict with each other, the formation of a theory of both mode and tone-system in the medieval Latin West represents not so much a conflict as a construct of ideas from both Antiquity and the Christian church. This chapter begins with a brief look at two fundamental aspects of ancient Greek music that are particularly relevant to this study, and then turns to the ways the knowledge of Greek music was transmitted to the Middle Ages.
How to Improve Bayesian Reasoning without Instruction
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter defines the concepts of natural sampling, natural frequencies, and reports experimental evidence for the impact of various external representations on statistical thinking. The mental strategies or shortcuts people use, not only their numerical estimates of risks, turn out to be a function of the external representation of numbers we choose. This chapter provides a theoretical framework that specifies why frequency formats should improve Bayesian reasoning and presents two studies that test whether they do. Its goal is to lead research on Bayesian inference out of the present conceptual cul-de-sac and to shift the focus from human errors to human engineering: how to help people reason the Bayesian way without even teaching them.
Domain-Specific Reasoning
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter first introduces the challenge of domain specificity and then applies a domain-specific theory for a specific adaptive problem, social exchange, to a reasoning task that has puzzled researchers for several decades. It describes a domain-specific theory of cognition that relates reasoning to the evolutionary theory of reciprocal altruism. This theory turns the traditional approach upside down. It does not start out with a general-purpose principle from logic or probability theory or a variant thereof: it takes social objectives as fundamental, which in turn makes content fundamental, because social objectives have specific contents. Traditional formal principles of rationality are not imposed; they can be entailed or not, depending on the social objectives.
The Superego, the Ego, and the Id in Statistical Reasoning
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStatistical reasoning is an art and so demands both mathematical knowledge and informed judgment. When it is mechanized, as with the institutionalized hybrid logic, it becomes ritual, not reasoning. Many experts have argued that it is not going to be easy to get researchers in psychology and other sociobiomedical sciences to drop this comforting crutch unless one offers an easy-to-use substitute. This chapter argues that this should be avoided — the substitution of one mechanistic dogma for another. At the very least, this chapter can serve as a tool in arguments with people who think they have to defend a ritualistic dogma instead of good statistical reasoning. Making and winning such arguments is indispensable to good science.
The Mystic Nun
Authors: San Joseé Madre María De 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the Mexican nun María de San José. It investigates a third institutional practice examined in this book that shaped the outcome of many lives with paradoxical results: the role of confession, both as a sacrament promoted by the Council of Trent and as a practice for religious women that could produce autobiographical and biographical life stories. The extensive confessional journals and Stations of the Cross written by María and her posthumous biography by Sebastián Santander y Torres serve as the basis for this study. As a mystic and founder of a prestigious reformed convent, she carefully followed the path of the model nun, the perfecta religiosa. She illustrates the delicate process of simultaneously casting herself as a repentant sinner and chosen saint, and carefully negotiates a path between self-will, divine will, and the confessor's will.
The Happy Saint
Authors: Suárez Ursula 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe talented nun Ursula Suaárez employed humor in the account of her call to the religious life. This chapter examines Ursula's use of humor to criticize norms that dictated women's subordination to men and that made many women economically dependent on men. Writing a vida at the behest of her confessor, Ursula employed the convention of the divine call and authorship, but only to redefine sanctity: she quotes God as saying he gave her a good wit and that he wanted an entertaining actress and preacher among his saints. Ursula added into her narrative elements from popular literature, in particular the scenes and ideology from picaresque tales.
Perspectives on the Economy as an Evolving Complex System
Authors: Samuelson Larry 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter explores the microfoundations of social interactions and attempts to address an important lacuna in the theory of social interactions: namely, the absence of a theory as to why social interactions exist (as opposed to their implications). It argues that one way to understand social interactions is that they arise as a consequence of informational or competitive pressures. The chapter shows how these factors can produce consumption interdependences in equilibrium.
Prosocial Emotions
Authors: Bowles Samuel , Gintis Herbert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter argues that one can understand the evolution of emotions such as guilt and shame as mechanisms that facilitate social cooperation. As such, emotions evolved because of their reproductive value to groups and hence their individual members. The chapter provides an explanation of the long-term evolutionary success of prosocial emotions in term of both the individual and group-level benefits they confer. This study is part of a new wave of social science research at the Santa Fe Institute and so, likely represents a bridge to the next Economy as an Evolving Complex System conference.
The Story and the Mission
Authors: Stackhouse John G. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter examines biblical views on Christian ethics. It suggests that to obey fully the creation commandments is to live in the Kingdom of God and that Jesus Christ's proclamation of the arrival of the Kingdom is the proclamation that God is setting things right. It also contends that Christian ethics should not be restricted to the project of redemption and thus to its particular vocabulary of self-sacrifice and non-coercive invitation.
Principles of a New Realism
Authors: Stackhouse John G. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter examines the principles of the new Christian realism. It discusses the complexity with the simple recognition of tensions that people must acknowledge in their daily dealings at home, in traffic, at school or work, in politics and in church. It also analyses the question of unity and diversity in the church and highlights the experience of disestablishment in major societies including the US, Canada, and Australia.