bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
cAMP-Dependent Activation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Thyroid Cells. Implication in Mitogenesis and Activation of CDK4
Authors: Blancquaert Sara , Wang Lifu , Paternot Sabine , Coulonval Katia , Dumont Jacques E. , Harris Thurl E. , Roger Pierre P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
How cAMP-dependent protein kinases [protein kinase A (PKA)] transduce the mitogenic stimulus elicited by TSH in thyroid cells to late activation of cyclin D3-cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) remains enigmatic. Here we show in PC Cl3 rat thyroid cells that TSH/cAMP, like insulin, activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-raptor complex (mTORC1) leading to phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1. mTORC1-dependent S6K1 phosphorylation in response to both insulin and cAMP required amino acids, whereas inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3 enhanced insulin but not cAMP effects. Unlike insulin, TSH/cAMP did not activate protein kinase B or induce tuberous sclerosis complex 2 phosphorylation at T1462 and Y1571. However, like insulin, TSH/cAMP produced a stable increase in mTORC1 kinase activity that was associated with augmented 4E-BP1 binding to raptor. This could be caused in part by T246 phosphorylation of PRAS40, which was found as an in vitro substrate of PKA. Both in PC Cl3 cells and primary dog thyrocytes, rapamycin inhibited DNA synthesis and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation induced by TSH and insulin. Although rapamycin reduced cyclin D3 accumulation, the abundance of cyclin D3-CDK4 complexes was not affected. However, rapamycin inhibited the activity of these complexes by decreasing the TSH and insulin-mediated stimulation of activating T172 phosphorylation of CDK4. We propose that mTORC1 activation by TSH, at least in part through PKA-dependent phosphorylation of PRAS40, crucially contributes to mediate cAMP-dependent mitogenesis by regulating CDK4 T172-phosphorylation.
A Three-Zone Heat-Release Rate Model for Dual-Fuel Combustion
Authors: Stewart J , Clarke A 
Published: May 2010

Dual-fuel engines are modified compression ignition engines, where the primary source of fuel is a gaseous fuel, and ignition is provided by a ‘pilot’ injection of a reduced quantity of diesel. The generally accepted understanding of the dual-fuel engine describes its combustion process as proceeding in three stages. Initially, around half of the pilot will burn and entrain some gaseous fuel into an overall fuel-rich process. Subsequently, the remaining pilot fuel burns and entrains an increasing amount of the primary fuel into its reaction zone. In the final stage, a flame propagation process engulfs the remaining gaseous fuel. In this article, a three-zone model for the analysis of heat-release rate during the dual-fuel combustion process will be derived. This model will be tested against data obtained for diesel combustion and then applied to experimental data from a dual-fuel test program. It will be shown that there is little evidence to support the generally accepted description of the dual-fuel combustion process in a direct injection engine. The conclusion of this work is that dual-fuel combustion may be better considered as a diesel combustion process, where the gaseous fuel modifies the reaction zone surrounding each igniting droplet of the pilot fuel.
Factors influencing the energy consumption of road freight transport
Authors: Odhams A M C , Roebuck R L , Lee Y J , Hunt S W , Cebon D 
Published: May 2010

Key factors that influence the energy consumption of heavy goods vehicles are investigated. These factors include engine efficiency, aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance, vehicle configuration (number of vehicle units), traffic congestion, speed, payload factors, and the use of regenerative braking. An accurate, validated model of the fuel consumption of a 38 tonne tractor-semitrailer vehicle is used as a basis to derive fuel consumption models of a number of other vehicle configurations. These models included a rigid four-axle truck with maximum gross vehicle mass (GVM) of 26 tonnes; a six-axle tractor semitrailer with GVM of 44 tonnes, with and without regenerative braking; a ‘B-double’ with GVM of 60 tonnes; and an ‘A-double’ with GVM of 82 tonnes. These vehicle models were driven over a simple hypothetical drive cycle with a fixed maximum speed and varying numbers of stops in a 10 km stretch of road. It is concluded that: (a) improving engine efficiency, unladen mass, rolling resistance, and aerodynamic drag can yield relatively small improvements in fuel consumption, compared with other factors; (b) larger vehicles are always significantly more energy-efficient than smaller ones when fully loaded; (c) transferring freight from articulated vehicles to smaller rigid vehicles for urban deliveries typically increases fuel consumption by approximately 35 per cent; (d) running vehicles partially loaded can increase the energy per unit freight task by up to 65 per cent; and (e) under urban start—stop conditions, the use of regenerative braking systems can reduce heavy vehicle fuel consumption by 25–35 per cent.
Dirac–Hartree–Fock Perturbation Calculation of Magnetic Shielding Using the External Field-Dependent Restricted Magnetic Balance Condition
Authors: Hamaya Satoru , Fukui Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A formulism for four-component Dirac–Hartree–Fock perturbation theory using the restricted magnetic balance (RMB) condition with gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs) is derived at an ab initio level. In this formulation, the zeroth-order Dirac–Hartree–Fock equations are subject only to the usual restricted kinetic balance (RKB) condition, while the external field-dependent RMB condition is introduced in the calculation of the first-order magnetically perturbed orbitals. The magnetic shielding can be divided into a paramagnetic part and a diamagnetic part, as for nonrelativistic (NR) shielding. The present theory is applied to the calculation of hydrogen halide and molecular halogen shieldings.
Monitoring of Biochemical Status in Children with Duarte Galactosemia: Utility of Galactose, Galactitol, Galactonate, and Galactose 1-Phosphate
Authors: Ficicioglu Can , Hussa Christie , Gallagher Paul R , Thomas Nina , Yager Claire 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Background: Duarte galactosemia (DG) is frequently detected in newborn-screening programs. DG patients do not manifest the symptoms of classic galactosemia, but whether they require dietary galactose restriction is controversial. We sought to assess the relationships of selected galactose metabolites (plasma galactose, plasma galactitol, erythrocyte (RBC) galactitol, RBC galactonate, and urine galactitol and galactonate) to RBC galactose 1-phosphate (Gal-1-P), dietary galactose intake, and neurodevelopmental/clinical outcomes in DG children.
Methods: We studied 30 children 1–6 years of age who had DG galactosemia and were on a regular diet. All participants underwent a physical and ophthalmologic examination and a neurodevelopmental assessment. RBC galactitol, RBC galactonate, RBC Gal-1-P, plasma galactose, plasma galactonate, and urine galactitol and galactonate concentrations were measured.
Results: RBC galactitol and galactonate concentrations were about 2 and 6 times higher, respectively, than control values. Plasma galactose and galactitol concentrations were also about twice the control values. The mean values for RBC Gal-1-P and urine galactitol were within the reference interval. We found a relationship between plasma and urine galactitol concentrations but no relationship between RBC galactose metabolites and urine galactitol. There was a significant relationship between galactose intake and RBC galactose metabolites, especially RBC galactitol (P &lt; 0.0005) and RBC galactonate (P &lt; 0.0005). Galactose intake was not related to the urine galactitol, plasma galactose, or plasma galactitol concentration. RBC galactitol, RBC galactonate, plasma galactose, plasma galactitol, and urine galactonate concentrations showed no relationship with clinical or developmental outcomes.
Conclusions: DG children on a regular diet have RBC Gal-1-P concentrations within the reference interval but increased concentrations of other galactose metabolites, including RBC galactitol and RBC galactonate. These increased concentrations correlate with galactose intake and neither cause any developmental or clinical pathology during early childhood nor oblige a lactose-restricted diet.
Assessment of Cancer-Related Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Cleeland Charles S. , Farrar John T. , Hausheer Frederick H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Cancer-related neuropathic pain syndromes are common and serious complications of a patient's primary malignancy or its treatment, whether by surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. They may compromise the patient's quality of life as well as their ability to receive effective treatment. In many patients, there may be more than one coexistent neuropathic pain syndrome, posing a diagnostic dilemma that, if unresolved, may result in the institution of therapies that are of limited scope or not targeted at the primary underlying pathophysiology. There is no single adequate diagnostic method that has been established to reliably diagnose or follow patients with cancer-related neuropathic pain syndromes. Clinical assessment of cancer-related neuropathic pain poses some important challenges diagnostically as well as in defining a clear and reliable endpoint assessment in controlled clinical trials. Many different approaches have been applied to the development of assessment or diagnostic tools. Careful review of these methods has been helpful in developing a clearer vision for the future design and refinement of more reliable tools, and more importantly, validation of the clinical utility as well as the reliability of such tools when employed as endpoints in clinical trials focused on prevention, mitigation, or treatment of cancer neuropathic pain.
Pathophysiology and Animal Models of Cancer-Related Painful Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Bennett Gary J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
There are undoubtedly several causes of painful peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients. Some mechanisms are directly attributable to the tumor; others lie with the therapy, be it surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Several animal models have been developed to study the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to neuropathic pain. These include inflammation-based models, nerve trauma–induced models, and chemotherapy-induced models of neuropathic pain. My colleagues and I recently identified abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function in peripheral sensory fibers that are associated with neuropathic pain induced by common chemotherapeutic agents and that can be reversed by agents that enhance mitochondrial function. Our hope is that further identification and clarification of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved at the periphery will help us to develop new classes of medicines and treatment options.
Advances in the Genetics of Familial Renal Cancer
Authors: Morrison Patrick J. , Donnelly Deirdre E. , Atkinson A. Brew , Maxwell Alexander P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this couse, the reader will be able to: Apply presymptomatic gene testing to family members with familial renal cancer in order to facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment for this population.Use genetic testing for timely detection of familial renal cancer in carriers to enable earlier use and increased efficacy of VEGF and mTOR pathway inhibiting drugs.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.
We discuss recent advances in the diagnosis and management of renal cell cancer (RCC) given the enhanced molecular genetics knowledge in this area. A number of hereditary renal cancer syndromes have been described, including von Hippel-Lindau disease, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, hereditary leiomyomatosis/RCC syndrome, and hereditary papillary renal cancer. Early molecular diagnosis now facilitates the management and prevention of RCC in families. Recommendations for screening in families are discussed.
Freud's Excellent Adventure Down Under: The Only Publication in Australia By the Founder of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Kaplan Robert M. 
Published: May 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the circumstances surrounding the only paper published in Australia by Sigmund Freud – his only publication in the Southern Hemisphere – in 1911. Conclusions: The invitations in 1911 from a Sydney psychoanalysis study group to Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Havelock Ellis to present papers at the Australasian Medical Congress, came at a time when the world was barely aware of Freud's new psychology, and well in advance of many other countries. Sparring by Freud and Jung over a joint presentation was evident in the respective papers they sent, and they soon parted. A review of other papers presented at the congress indicates that Australian psychiatry, notwithstanding its slow progress, was well informed on recent developments, which was to manifest with biological treatments, as well as with the establishment of psychoanalysis. Despite its distance from Vienna, Australia seemed to have a special place in Freud's mind that was to surface in various ways over the years, not least in Totem and Taboo.
Food Tasting as Nutrition Education For Older Adults
Authors: Manilla Barbara , Keller Heather H. , Hedley Margaret R. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose: The likelihood of experiencing poor nutrition status increases as people age. Sampling new foods may promote a continued interest in food and enjoyment of eating. This pilot study was designed to describe and provide a preliminary evaluation of food-tasting activities integrated into nutrition displays directed at community-living older adults. Methods: Three consecutivemonthly nutrition displays incorporating a food-tasting activity were presented at a Guelph, Ontario, recreation centre for seniors. Seniors had an opportunity to taste two recipes at each of three displays; 226 food samples and 155 copies of recipes were taken. Feedback forms were used to determine participants’ interest inmaking the recipes, and whether tasting influenced their interest in preparing the food. Results: Among 54 participants who completed feedback forms about the program, 75.9%indicated that they intended to prepare one or both of the recipes tasted at the display; 70.4%indicated that they would not ormay not havemade the recipe without tasting it beforehand. Conclusions:Dietitians working with community-living older adults could use food tastings to help translate key educational messages into practice, and to encourage eating enjoyment as people age.
Barriers to Healthful Eating and Supplement Use In Lower-income Adults
Authors: Whiting Susan J. , Vatanparast Hassanali , Taylor Jeff G. , Adolphe Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose: We investigated barriers to healthful eating and vitamin/mineral supplement use among groups at risk for low nutrient intakes, particularly those with low income. Methods: Twelve focus groups (73 participants) and 11 key informant interviews were conducted in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Focus group participants represented a diverse population. Key informants included health professionals and personnel from community-based organizations who worked in a lowincome area. Focus group meetings and key informant interviews were audiotaped and transcribed; thematic coding was used to identify key concepts. Results: The focus groups and interviews revealed five themes on barriers to healthful eating and to the use of vitamin/mineral supplements: knowledge, income, accessibility, health, and preferences. Key informants were aware of the barriers, and were able to see not only individual and family reasons but also societal influences. Conclusions: The study results provide valuable information for focusing efforts on reducing barriers to healthful eating and to appropriate vitamin/mineral supplement use.
Réseau, capital social et performance pour l'organisation : le cas des responsables de sites de prestation logistique
Authors: Brulhart Franck , Claye-Puaux Sophie 
Published: May 2010

Résumé La structure et la nature du réseau social d’un responsable de site de prestation logistique impactent-elles sa capacité à améliorer la performance de son site ? Bâti sur une revue de la littérature dans les domaines de la prestation de services logistiques et de la théorie du capital social et sur une recherche empirique exploratoire, cet article fournit et discute un ensemble de propositions répondant à cette question de recherche.
Les registres de la logistique des situations extrêmes : des expéditions polaires aux services d'incendies et secours
Authors: Lièvre Pascal , Gautier Anaïs 
Published: May 2010

Résumé L’objet de cette contribution est d’une part de définir ce que nous entendons par « logistique des situations extrêmes » et d’autre part de décliner les premiers registres d’une telle logistique, tout en la resituant vis-à-vis à du corpus des sciences de gestion à partir de deux terrains : celui des expéditions polaires et celui des services d’incendies et de secours.
Anticiper en GRH, prévision et prospective, un diagnostic des pratiques et des représentations
Authors: Thamain Jean Louis 
Published: May 2010

Résumé L’anticipation en GRH (prévision ou prospective) mobilise les représentations sociales pour construire les futurs possibles. Partant d’une commande motivée par le DRH d’une banque de détail, cette recherche appliquée, de posture constructiviste, analyse des entretiens complétés d’observations pour dresser un état des lieux et saisir les représentations qui constituent le socle de toute démarche d’anticipation en GRH. Les marqueurs de la prospective, la globalité et la systémique, devraient signer les discours. En outre, deux grandes logiques de l’anticipation sont concevables : la continuité (prévision) et la rupture (prospective). L’anticipation dote le DRH d’outils et de processus pour faire de lui un manager stratégique par les ressources humaines en adoptant une posture prospective.
Une méthodologie de prospective métiers fondée sur les compétences collectives : l'exemple du métier de pilote de chasse
Authors: Mérindol Valérie , Rouby Évelyne , Versailles David W. , Thomas Catherine 
Published: May 2010

Résumé La démarche actuelle de prospective des métiers constitue une piste de travail originale qui enrichit la démarche de GPEC. Elle laisse toutefois subsister certaines ambiguïtés notamment dans son opérationnalisation. L’objectif de cet article est précisément de développer une méthodologie d’analyse prospective des métiers fondée sur les compétences collectives. Cette méthodologie a été élaborée et mise en œuvre dans le cadre d’une étude prospective des métiers de pilotes de chasse de l’Armée de l’Air Française. Cette étude exploratoire montre la fécondité du référentiel de compétence utilisé pour opérationnaliser l’articulation entre compétences stratégiques, collectives et individuelles. Les résultats obtenus ouvrent une nouvelle réflexion sur l’intérêt de dissocier les concepts de métier et de compétence collective. Ainsi, le travail prospectif serait conduit dans une double perspective : le pilotage de l’activité d’une part en articulant compétences individuelles, collectives et stratégiques et la gestion des hommes d’autre part, en articulant compétences individuelles, métiers et filières professionnelles.
Agent de maîtrise, un défi pour la Prospective Métier
Authors: Colin Thierry , Grasser Benoît , Oiry Ewan 
Published: May 2010

Résumé Les « métiers-valises » constituent un défi pour la Prospective Métier parce qu’ils recouvrent une très grande diversité de situations de travail. A partir du cas du métier d’agent de maîtrise, cet article montre que la prospective pour les métiers-valises imposent une articulation très étroite entre données quantitatives et données qualitatives.
Regard prospectif sur les métiers commerciaux. Du vendeur ambassadeur au core seller
Authors: Barth Isabelle 
Published: May 2010

Résumé La prospective des métiers est un exercice redoutable, surtout quand il s’agit de métiers « vieux comme le monde», la Vente fait partie de ceux là. On serait facilement tenté de dire que « tout change et rien ne change », tant les principes commerciaux de base sont immuables, quand, dans le même temps, les méthodes, les outils, les missions, qui structurent les métiers et les fonctions, évoluent. Nous proposons ici une analyse des métiers commerciaux, en nous appuyant sur une observation longitudinale.
A quoi sert le projet professionnel ? De l'impact d'un outil d'orientation professionnelle sur le management des ressources humaines ou : la prospective, versus individu
Authors: Glée Catherine 
Published: May 2010

Résumé Pour tenter de préserver l’emploi tout en combinant la flexibilité et la sécurité au bénéfice des salariés et des entreprises, la loi de janvier 2005 de programmation pour la cohésion sociale, introduit une obligation d’anticipation au niveau collectif et au niveau individuel. Au niveau individuel, le support concret permettant d’expliciter des intentions d’évolutions professionnelles est le projet professionnel, un outil relevant d’une démarche de prospective et issu du champ de l’orientation professionnelle. Mais comment transposer dans le champ gestionnaire cet outil complexe ? Nous fondons l’analyse de ce passage délicat sur une étude menée au sein d’une grande entreprise leader sur le marché de l’énergie. Nous montrons que les caractéristiques de l’outil, ce qui fait son essence même, peuvent heurter les logiques d’acteur et les modes de coordination des activités. En conséquence, son utilisation au sein des politiques de gestion des ressources humaines nécessite une attention particulière et peut modifier les rôles et responsabilités de chacun. Ainsi de la direction des ressources humaines qui paradoxalement, par la mise en œuvre d’un outil visant à accroître l’autonomie des salariés, voit son action non pas diminuée mais renforcée. Cette utilisation fait apparaître également un usage de l’outil qui dépasse la dimension individuelle et lui confère une dimension sociétale. Dès lors, la question de l’efficacité gestionnaire est englobée et dépassée par celle du sens que l’on peut donner à l’action collective organisée qui se déploie au sein des organisations. Comment utiliser le projet professionnel pour que, tout en favorisant l’employabilité des salariés, il permette l’invention, le déploiement, le renforcement de mécanismes et liens sociaux dans des univers professionnels souvent beaucoup plus fragilisés que libérés par l’injonction à l’autonomie ? Nous proposons ici quelques pistes de réflexions.
Segmentation du marché et positionnement stratégique des entreprises de l'hébergement collectif pour personnes âgées
Authors: Smida Ali 
Published: May 2010

Résumé Le marché de l’hébergement collectif pour personnes âgées en France est en pleine expansion. Sa clientèle est fort hétérogène à cause de la multiplicité de ses dépendances. L’entrée récente du secteur privé commercial a impulsé une nouvelle logique concurrentielle. La confrontation de la nouvelle et des anciennes logiques a abouti à une segmentation du marché et à deux stratégies : une stratégie de coopération tacite pour certains segments, et une stratégie compétitive (de rivalité) pour les autres segments du marché.