bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtuous party linkages: Developing a data‐based analytical model to explain voters’ attitudes towards political parties
Authors: KÖLLN ANN‐KRISTIN , PEDERSEN HELENE HELBOE 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVoters show ambivalent attitudes towards political parties: They agree that parties are necessary, but they neither like nor trust them. Existing theories fall short of explaining this paradox because they pay little attention to public opinion research. In this paper, we develop a different argument using qualitative methods. We first integrate the literature on political parties and public opinion to sketch the contours of our theory before refining it using rich empirical insights from open‐ended survey answers and focus group data. Our resulting model holds that voters evaluate political parties based on the functional and virtuous linkages. They consider parties necessary because they see them as fulfilling democratic functions, but they dislike them because they are seen as behaving in non‐virtuous ways when fulfilling their functions. Besides proposing a new analytical model, we also contribute to the literature by methodologically illustrating how to develop data‐based theories.
Screening for lung cancer using thin‐slice low‐dose computed tomography in southwestern China: a population‐based real‐world study
Authors: Wu Jiaxuan , Li Ruicen , Zhang Huohuo , Zheng Qian , Tao Wenjuan , Yang Ming , Zhu Yuan , Ji Guiyi , Li Weimin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesLung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors threatening human life and health. At present, low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for the high‐risk population to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer has become the first choice recommended by many authoritative international medical organizations. To further optimize the lung cancer screening method, we conducted a real‐world study of LDCT lung cancer screening in a large sample of a healthy physical examination population, comparing differences in lung nodules and lung cancer detection between thin and thick‐slice LDCT scanning.MethodsA total of 29 296 subjects who underwent low‐dose thick‐slice CT scanning (5 mm thickness) from January 2015 to December 2015 and 28 058 subjects who underwent low‐dose thin‐slice CT scanning (1 mm thickness) from January 2018 to December 2018 in West China Hospital were included. The positive detection rate, detection rate of lung cancer, pathological stage of lung cancer, and mortality rate of lung cancer were analyzed and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe positive rate of LDCT screening in the thin‐slice scanning group was significantly higher than that in the thick‐slice scanning group (20.1% vs. 14.4%, p < 0.001). In addition, the lung cancer detection rate in the thin‐slice LDCT screening positive group was significantly higher than that in the thick‐slice scanning group (78.0% vs. 52.9%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe screening positive rate of low‐dose thin‐slice CT scanning is higher and more early‐stage lung cancer (IA1 stage) can be detected in the screen‐positive group.
Poland: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: JASIEWICZ KRZYSZTOF , JASIEWICZ‐BETKIEWICZ AGNIESZKA 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAfter a lengthy and intense electoral campaign, which culminated in two opposition‐led mass protest marches in Warsaw in June and October, Polish citizens cast their votes in a parliamentary election on 15 October. The ruling Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS) party faced in the election a broad alliance of the so‐called democratic opposition parties. The latter contested the election in three blocs, the liberal Civic Coalition (Koalicja Obywatelska), the moderately conservative Third Way, composed of the Polish Peasant Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe) and Poland 2050, and the New Left coalition. The parties of this alliance won together a majority of seats in both chambers of the legislature and formed a coalition government. This seemingly ended the process of democratic backsliding that had been progressing over the eight‐year‐long period of the PiS rule. However, the controversies regarding control over the public broadcasting media that erupted in December exposed the difficulties in reversing past departures from the rule of law.
A standard operating procedure for prehospital anaesthesia and its effect on mortality—An observational study
Authors: Ljungqvist Harry , Pirneskoski Jussi , Saviluoto Anssi , Iirola Timo , Kirves Hetti , Nurmi Jouni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrehospital anaesthesia is a complex intervention performed for critically ill patients. To minimise complications, a standard operating procedure (SOP) outlining the process is considered valuable. We investigated the implementation of an SOP for prehospital anaesthesia in helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS).MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study of patients receiving prehospital anaesthesia by Finnish HEMS from January 2012 to August 2019. The intervention studied was the implementation of an SOP at two of the five bases during 2015–2016. Patients were stratified according to whether they were anaesthetised before, during or after implementation and the primary outcomes were 1‐ and 30‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes included anaesthesia quality indicators. Confounding factors was assessed via logistic regression.ResultsA total of 3902 tracheal intubations were performed without an SOP, 430 during implementation and 1525 after implementation. The SOP had a significant effect on 1‐day mortality during implementation with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.56, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.37–0.81 and a further trend towards benefit after implementation (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.68–1.04), but no difference in 30‐day mortality (OR after implementation 1.10, 95% CI 0.92–1.30). Implementation of an SOP improved first‐pass success rate from 87.3% to 96.5%, p < 0.001.ConclusionImplementation of an SOP for prehospital anaesthesia was associated with a trend towards lower 1‐day mortality and an improved first‐pass success but did not affect 30‐day mortality. Despite this, we advocate prehospital systems to consider implementation of a prehospital anaesthesia SOP as immediate performance markers improved significantly.
Does a place of last drink initiative affect the likelihood of alcohol sales to obviously intoxicated patrons?
Authors: Toomey Traci L. , Mark Gabrielle , Scholz Natalie , Schriemer Daniel , Delehanty Eileen , Lenk Kathleen , MacLehose Richard , Nelson Toben F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the sale of alcohol to obviously intoxicated patrons (i.e., overservice) is illegal in 48 U.S. states, the likelihood of overservice at bars and restaurants has exceeded 80% across multiple studies, states, and decades. Place of last drink (POLD) enforcement is one proposed strategy to address alcohol overservice. When law enforcement agents respond to an alcohol‐related incident, they ask the individuals involved where they had their last alcoholic beverage. POLD information is recorded and ideally systematically reviewed to identify locations that are frequently places of last drink. Law enforcement or other agencies may follow up with or penalize the alcohol license holder at these locations. We compared the likelihood of overservice in communities conducting POLD with communities that did not conduct POLD in Minnesota.MethodsPseudo‐intoxicated patrons acted out signs of obvious intoxication while attempting to purchase alcohol at 396 bars and restaurants in 26 communities conducting POLD and 26 comparison communities. We calculated rates of alcohol sales to the pseudo‐intoxicated patrons overall and in POLD communities versus comparison communities.ResultsThe overall sales rate to the pseudo‐intoxicated buyers was 98%. Rates of sales were 99% at establishments in POLD jurisdictions and 97% in comparison jurisdictions. There were no common characteristics, such as perceived gender/age of the server/bartender or crowdedness of the establishment, among the seven establishments that refused alcohol service.ConclusionsOur study shows that, as currently implemented in Minnesota, POLD does not reduce the overservice of alcohol at a jurisdiction level. More research is needed to identify interventions that yield sustained reductions in the overservice of alcohol.
A country‐wide examination of effects of urbanization on common birds
Authors: Brouwer L. , de Vries E.H.J. , Sierdsema H. , van der Jeugd H.P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUrbanization forms one of the most drastic alterations of the environment and poses a major threat to wildlife. The human–induced modifications of the landscape may affect individual's fitness resulting in population declines. Research on how urbanization affects fitness traits has shown mixed results. However, studies typically contrasted data from a single species from few urban and non‐urban sites collected over short timeframes. Examining multiple species across a broad urbanization gradient enables a more robust comparison and understanding of how different species are impacted by urbanization‐knowledge crucial for generating population predictions, which are essential for conservation management. Here, we use data from a nation‐wide citizen science project to examine variation in survival and relative body mass and size (wing length) of common passerine birds, collected along an urbanization gradient in the Netherlands over an 8‐year period. Urbanization was measured as the distance from the city's border and the proportion of impervious surface area. Although the overall association between urbanization and survival was slightly negative, there was support for lower survival closer to the city in three species (chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, European robin Erithacus rubecula, European greenfinch Chloris chloris) and higher survival closer to the city in two (great tit Parus major and house sparrow Passer domesticus) of the 11 species examined. The contrasting survival successes among species suggest that ongoing urbanization may lead to shifts in community structure and loss of biodiversity. Impacts of urbanization on relative mass and size also exhibited varying effects, albeit less pronounced, and these effects were not correlated with the effects on survival. This implies that body mass and size cannot be used as indicators for urban‐associated patterns of survival. Our results further imply that effective conservation management targeting bird communities should involve a range of diverse actions, as focusing on single measures is unlikely to simultaneously impact multiple species due to the variation in responses to urbanization.
Floods and fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): the Australian experience
Authors: Wylie Ross , McKinney Matt , McLennan Austin , McNaught Melinda K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rafting behaviour of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in response to flooding events is well documented, although studies generally have focussed on the mechanisms of raft assembly and the behaviour of the raft's occupants. Flooding as a means of dispersal of S. invicta is frequently mentioned in the literature, although there are few data on the distances travelled or how effective it is compared to natural flight. In Australia, S. invicta is a priority invasive species with a national eradication program operating for 23 years, focussed on the population in southeast Queensland, which currently encompasses more than 700 000 ha. Flooding presents a risk to the success of the program through extending the infestation area or recolonising successfully treated areas. We used the program's extensive spatiotemporal dataset of known fire ant colony locations to assess the effects of two significant flood events on the dispersal or displacement of S. invicta in Queensland. Results indicated that flooding did not spread S. invicta beyond the known boundaries of infestation but contributed to localised spread, particularly for sites with known polygyne infestations. This situation could change if the ant spreads to new river catchments. A novel method developed to assess the risk of S. invicta dispersal through flooding is presented, alongside program actions that can be applied to mitigate this risk.
The dynamic relationships between well‐being, behavioral restrictions, and health behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A large‐scale intensive longitudinal network study
Authors: Ebling Sara , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Hoffart Asle , Pallesen Ståle , Ebrahimi Omid V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe behavioral restrictions disrupting daily life during the COVID‐19 pandemic have profoundly impacted well‐being, and health behaviors have been advocated to prevent decline. To understand how processes related to fluctuation in well‐being unfold within individuals, analyses on the within‐person level are required. In this preregistered intensive longitudinal study, 1,709 individuals from the Norwegian adult population provided data daily over 40 consecutive days during the pandemic. The responses were modeled in a multilevel vector autoregressive model to estimate within‐person networks, across and within‐day, and a between‐person network. All three networks revealed productivity, relatedness, and optimism as positively associated. Social distancing was contemporaneously negatively associated with productivity and relatedness. Among behavioral factors, being physically active predicted lower relatedness across days but displayed positive associations with relatedness, productivity, and optimism contemporaneously. Alcohol consumption predicted lower productivity across and within‐day, although revealing a positive association with optimism within‐day. Being social online and feeling related to others displayed a temporal negative bidirectional relationship. In contrast, being social online was positively associated with optimism, productivity, and relatedness contemporaneously. Our study emphasizes the dynamic nature of well‐being and its complex associations with behavioral factors during the pandemic. The study shed light on opposing associations of behavioral factors at the within‐ and between‐person level.
Proposed framework and knowledge synthesis of services delivered by specialized professionals in childcare settings: A scoping review
Authors: Pratte Gabrielle , Trottier Nathalie , Couture Mélanie , Beaudoin Audrée Jeanne , Camden Chantal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundServices from specialized professionals in childcare settings contribute to support early childhood development. Little is known, however, about how services are delivered in this context. The aims of this scoping review were to propose a framework to describe services delivered by specialized professionals in childcare contexts and synthesize knowledge about those services.MethodsDocuments published between 2000 and 2022 in APA PsychINFO, ERIC, CINAHL and MEDLINE were included. These documents described services delivered by a range of specialized professionals (e.g., speech‐language pathologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists and early childhood special education teachers) in childcare contexts and whose aim was to support motor, cognitive, affective, language or social development of children. Deductive and inductive qualitative analyses and descriptive statistics were carried out.ResultsThe review included 47 documents. The Description of Services delivered by specialized Professionals in Early Childhood (D‐SPEC) Framework emerged from qualitative analyses. The D‐SPEC Framework included 11 dimensions: three actors and their context, specialized professionals involved, children served, purpose of service, type of service, service duration and intensity, mode of service delivery, mode of access to services and funding. Most services delivered by specialized professionals in childcare were provided by a single professional and targeted language. Two documents described multitiered service delivery models with a continuum of services ranging from general support for all children to individualized interventions for children with specific needs. In‐context services were preferred to pull‐out services in most documents reviewed.ConclusionsThe D‐SPEC Framework may be a useful tool to assist researchers in documenting and comparing services delivered by specialized professionals. More importantly, this framework will facilitate the development of intersectoral and interdisciplinary services essential for supporting early childhood development. Multitiered service delivery models appeared to be a promising way to develop those services addressing the various needs encountered in childcare.
Nonoperative management protocol for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Kennedy Erin D. , Schmocker Selina , Brown Carl , Liberman Sender , Baxter Nancy N. , Drolet Sebastien , Neumann Katerina , Simunovic Marko , Richard Carole , Brezden‐Masley Christine , Jhaveri Kartik , Kopek Neil , Kirsch Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe standard treatment for low rectal cancer is preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery with low anterior resection with diverting ileostomy or abdominoperineal resection, both of which have significant long‐term effects on bowel and sexual function. Due to the high morbidity of surgery, there has been increasing interest in nonoperative management for low rectal cancer. The aim of this work is to conduct a pan‐Canadian Phase II trial assessing the safety of nonoperative management for low rectal cancer.MethodPatients with Stage II or III low rectal cancer completing chemoradiotherapy according to standard of care at participating centres will be assessed for complete clinical response 8–14 weeks following completion of chemoradiotherapy. Subjects achieving a clinical complete response will undergo active surveillance including endoscopy, imaging and bloodwork at regular intervals for 24 months. The primary outcome will be the rate of local regrowth 2 years after chemoradiotherapy. Nonoperative management will be considered safe (i.e. as effective as surgery to achieve local control) if the rate of local regrowth is ≤30% and surgical salvage is possible for all local regrowths. Secondary outcomes will include disease‐free and overall survival.ConclusionThe results will be highly clinically relevant, as it is expected that nonoperative management will be safe and lead to widespread adoption of nonoperative management in Canada. This change in practice has the potential to decrease the number of patients requiring surgery and the costs associated with surgery and long‐term surgical morbidity.
A cutaneous spindle cell neoplasm characterized by a COL3A1::PDGFRA fusion
Authors: Watkins James , Jackson Edward , Tarpey Patrick , Tadross John A. , Trotman Jamie , O'Dea Emily 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCutaneous spindle cell neoplasms can be challenging to diagnose using routine histopathological techniques alone, and the growing repertoire of molecular studies can assist in diagnosis. We describe a cutaneous spindle cell neoplasm characterized by a COL3A1::PDGFRA rearrangement predicted to lead to constitutive activation of the PDGFRA kinase domain. The lesion shows some similarities to dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and also benign and epithelioid fibrous histiocytomas but is distinct from these entities histopathologically and molecularly. This tumor is considered to represent an entity in the spectrum of PDGFR‐driven cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasms.
Biological mitigation of soil nitrous oxide emissions by plant metabolites
Authors: Lu Yufang , Wang Fangjia , Min Ju , Kronzucker Herbert J. , Hua Yao , Yu Haoming , Zhou Feng , Shi Weiming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlant metabolites significantly affect soil nitrogen (N) cycling, but their influence on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions has not been quantitatively analyzed on a global scale. We conduct a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 173 observations from 42 articles to evaluate global patterns of and principal factors controlling N2O emissions in the presence of root exudates and extracts. Overall, plant metabolites promoted soil N2O emissions by about 10%. However, the effects of plant metabolites on N2O emissions from soils varied with experimental conditions and properties of both metabolites and soils. Primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, strongly stimulated soil N2O emissions, by an average of 79%, while secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenoids, and flavonoids, often characterized as both biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) and biological denitrification inhibitors (BDIs), reduced soil N2O emissions by an average of 41%. The emission mitigation effects of BNIs/BDIs were closely associated with soil texture and pH, increasing with increasing soil clay content and soil pH on acidic and neutral soils, and with decreasing soil pH on alkaline soils. We furthermore present soil incubation experiments that show that three secondary metabolite types act as BNIs to reduce N2O emissions by 32%–45%, while three primary metabolite classes possess a stimulatory effect of 56%–63%, confirming the results of the meta‐analysis. Our results highlight the potential role and application range of specific secondary metabolites in biomitigation of global N2O emissions and provide new biological parameters for N2O emission models that should help improve the accuracy of model predictions.
Bombyx moriRPL13 participates in UV‐induced DNA damage repair of B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus through interaction with Bm65
Authors: Tang Qi , Tang Jingjing , Chen Ceru , Zhu Feifei , Yu Qian , Chen Huiqing , Chen Liang , Ma Shangshang , Chen Keping , Li Guohui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRibosomal protein L13 (RPL13) is highly conserved in evolution. At present, the properties and functions of RPL13 have not been characterised in insects. In this study, Bombyx mori RPL13 (BmRPL13) was first found to be specifically recruited to the sites of ultraviolet (UV)‐induced DNA damage and contributed to UV damage repair. Escherichia coli expressing BmRPL13 showed better resistance to UV radiation. After knocking down the expression of BmRPL13 in BmN cells, the repair speed of UV‐damaged DNA slowed down. The further results showed that BmRPL13 interacted with B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) ORF65 (Bm65) protein to locate at the UV‐induced DNA damage sites of BmNPV and helped repair UV‐damaged viral DNA.