bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
McGetchin Award funds students
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The McGetchin Volcano Fund will support volcanology field work for three students this summer. Established last year, the fund honors the late Thomas McGetchin, former director of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in HoustonThis summer, Mark S. Wigmosta, a senior at the University of Washington, will research the dynamics of the Toutle River mudflows triggered by the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980. Tanya Furman, a junior at Princeton University, will examine a Sierra Nevada zoned granodioritic pluton that displays a tonalitic rim. Douglas Coelho, a Cornell University senior, will study field stratigraphy and nature of postglacial ash deposits of Adak Island in Alaska.
Finalists chosen in Shuttle Student Project
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

Ten finalists from 191 semifinal entries have been selected in the first national Space Shuttle Student Involvement Project, a joint venture of NASA and the National Science Teachers Association. The objective of the project is to stimulate the study of science and technology in grades 9 through 12 by engaging students in a competition to develop experiments suitable for flight aboard the Space Shuttle.Interdisciplinary teams of teachers, scientists, and engineers reviewed more than 1500 proposals; grouped them into 10 geographic regions; and selected the semifinalists. Regional conferences for the semifinalists were held this spring at various NASA field centers.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of the SEAN Bulletin, 6(4), April 30, 1981, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos, as a microfiche supplement, or a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document number E81–001 at $1.00 from AGU, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. For reprints order Sean Bulletin (give dates and volume number) through AGU Separates: $3.50 for the first copy for those who do not have a deposit account; $2 for those who do; additional copies are $1.00. Orders must be prepaid.Alaid (Kurile Is.): Strong explosive eruption; ashfalls to more than 1000 km.
Puzzling over Saturn's internal heat
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

One of the most interesting things to come out of the Voyager experiments, according to Voyager scientist Andrew Ingersoll of Caltech, is the measurement of Saturn's internal heat. Before the Voyager 1 experiments, Saturn didn't fit with science's view of the solar system, he noted.‘Early ground‐based observations and Pioneer spacecraft observations indicated that Saturn had too much internal heat,’ said Ingersoll. ‘One outrageous possibility is that Saturn is only 2 billion years old and therefore has not lost the expected amount of heat. Such a possibility, if true,’ he continued, ‘would shatter our understanding of solar system formation.’
Nuclear waste disposal: Subseabed option
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Research on options for nuclear waste disposal in the oceans, as opposed to disposal on land, is being done because of mounting difficulties of site management: some political, others geological. ‘The Ocean, as a commonly owned (or unowned) resource, is not protected by market place and political forces,’ according to K. S. Kamlet (Oceanus, 24, Spring 1981). Societal restrictions and a relatively unstable geological environment are problems that would be minimized in the use of ocean sediments as a disposal site for high‐level nuclear wastes.There are strong proponents for using the oceans and ocean floors as a repository for waste. For example, in a recent article (Oceanus, sup.), E. D. Goldberg of Scripps Institution on Oceanography states.
NSF budget: A separate piece
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

In the final moments before packing up for the July 4 recess, the House of Representatives passed President Reagan's substitute budget proposal. However, a handwritten note, scribbled across one of the proposal's pages, removed the National Science Foundation's entire budget plus the research budgets for three federal agencies—including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration—from the enacted legislation. The June 26 move appears to be a deliberate attempt by Republicans to shake loose the NSF budget from the omnibus budget bill so that NSF will require separate authorization.The handwritten note called for striking a portion of the Reagan budget proposal and inserting different material, the Washington Post reported. Deletions included NSF's budget and the research budgets for NOAA, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. A revised budget for DOE was reinserted.
Winds can foretell showers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Small‐scale surface wind patterns may hold the key to predicting the kind of local showers that can surprise weather forecasters by forming without the usual early warning signs. A new prediction method being examined by NOAA is based on the fact that when moist, low‐level winds converge over a specified area, the air has no place to go but up. Clouds and showers result.The relationship between wind convergence and rainshowers has been recognized in a general way for years. But researchers recently had an opportunity to test this knowledge in an area surrounded by wind reporting stations. The research was conducted in southern Florida, in a 625‐square‐mile region with wind stations spaced about 4 miles apart around the perimeter. Researchers found that showers in the area were closely related to the surface winds measured along the area's perimeter.
Handin replies to Russell
Authors: Handin John 
Published: October 2011

Your editorial in Eos. March 10th, on the functions of the Committee on Education and Human Resources poses several provocative questions but overlooks what I regard as the most critical issue of all. While the Union's efforts to attract more women and minorities into geophysics are commendable, fast becoming more generally serious is the question: how do we recruit any students into our graduate schools and then retain them through the doctorate.The insatiable demand by industry for students at the bachelor's and master's levels in geophysics (and geology and petroleum engineering) has forced starting salaries so high that fewer and fewer students are willing to stay on for graduate work at affordable stipends for fellowships and assistantships. My experience at Texas A&M University may not be typical and may therefore prompt undue exaggeration, but it is certainly not reassuring for the future of higher education.
The thermal and dynamic state of the Earth
Authors: Jones Glyn M. 
Published: October 2011

The thermal state of the earth's interior is a topic of fundamental importance in many branches of geophysics. Investigations ranging from the dynamo theory of the origin of the earth's magnetic field to the driving mechanism for plate motions are all ultimately concerned with the question of how heat is transferred in various regions of the earth and what are the resulting flow patterns and temperature at depth.Present ideas on this problem are in a state of flux. New insights are being brought to bear on old problems, and additional questions are being raised. For example, analysis of postglacial rebound data from the Canadian shield has led to the interpretation that the effective viscosity of the lower mantle may not be significantly larger than that of the upper mantle, as had been previously thought. As a consequence, there has been a revival of interest in mantle‐wide convection as the dominant mode of heat transfer within the mantle. A major uncertainty which remains, however, is whether mantle‐wide convection would consist of a single flow system extending from the base of the lithosphere to the core‐mantle boundary or whether there are, for example, separate flow systems in the upper and lower mantle, separated by a thermal boundary layer at about the depth of the 670‐km phase transition.
Improved national water outlook
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The nation's water situation continued to improve during July in most of the country, although below‐normal streamflow conditions persist in the Southeast and scattered parts of the central and western states, according to a month‐end check by the U.S. Geological Survey.USGS hydrologists said just slightly more than one fourth of the 161 key index stations reporting in July indicated well‐below normal streamflow—within the lowest 25% of record. This is in contrast to previous months when one half to three fourths of the key index stations reported belownormal streamflow. Below‐normal flows were reported in all or parts of 23 states, mostly in the Southeast, down from 27 states that reported low streamflow in June.
Hottest Oregon geothermal find
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A geothermal test hole drilled 810 m into the summit crater of Newberry Volcano in Oregon measured 190°C, the hottest temperature measured so far in an Oregon geothermal energy prospect. What's more, a high temperature gradient discovered in the lower sixth of the test hole may point to greater potential than was previously thought for geothermal energy in the Cascade Range.Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey found that in the hole's lower 140 m the temperature rose at a rate equivalent to about 600°C per kilometer. The worldwide continental average is about 30°C per kilometer. Edward Sammel, a USGS hydrologist, is the leader of the geothermal drilling project at Newberry. David Blackwell of the Southern Methodist University made the temperature measurements in the hole.
Neptune's rotation period calculated
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Three scientists at Kitt Peak National Observatory have calculated that Neptune's rotation period is 18.2 hours plus or minus 24 minutes. This, the most accurate estimate to date, takes planetologists one step closer to understanding the distant planet's structure and chemical composition. In addition, knowing the planet's rotation rate helps to understand better the forces that affect its atmosphere.Michael J.S. Belton, Lloyd Wallace, and Sethanne Howard base their calculations on 300 observations made in 1980 in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Synfuels: Oil shale gets a boost
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

The Reagan Administration has approved federal loan guarantees and support prices for two major oil shale projects in Colorado. There are more than 30 companies involved in developing oil shale deposits in the Colorado‐Wyoming area, most of which have applied for support from the United States Synthetic Fuel Corporation (Synfuels Corp.).Under the Defense Production Act the Union Oil Shale project of the Union Oil Company and the Colony Shale Oil project run jointly by the Tosco and Exxon companies will receive federal loan guarantees and price supports. Both operations are located in the Peceance Creek Basin in western Colorado.
NRC favors original solar mission
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Following a review of alternatives to the International Solar Polar Mission (ISPM), a National Research Council panel concluded that the original mission with two space probes would provide net benefits ‘much greater’ than any of the scaled‐down options. Now slated for launch no earlier than 1986, ISPM was to be the first exploration far out of the ecliptic plane in which the planets orbit the sun.The original ISPM plans called for the European Space Agency (ESA) to build one space probe and for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to build the other probe, which would include X ray, extreme ultraviolet, and visible light instruments to take images of the sun. Both probes were to be launched by NASA. Budget cuts earlier this year (Eos, March 24, 1981, p, 123) halted the development of a U.S. spacecraft for ISPM. In June, following protests from ESA and others, Congress partially restored ISPM funding and requested a review of alternatives.
U.S.‐Soviet team explores Polynya
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Satellite pictures in 1973 of the frozen Weddell Sea near Antarctica revealed an unfrozen ‘lake’ surrounded by ice. In subsequent winters, the curiously unfrozen patch appeared, disappeared, reappeared, grew to nearly 300,000 km2, and drifted westward before vanishing. The source and the effects of this unfrozen lake on its surroundings may remain a mystery for not much longer: A joint American‐Soviet team recently began a 2‐month, on‐site investigation of the polynya (that's Russian for ‘unfrozen water surrounded by ice’).Two explanations for the polynya's existence predominate. ‘One is that a strong wind blows ice away before a significant amount can accumulate,’ according to Arnold L. Gordon, Eos associate editor and professor of geological sciences at the Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory. He is coordinating the expedition with the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in Leningrad. ‘The other is that for some reason, enhanced convection is going on in this region. Basically, we think that the polynya is caused by upwelling of ocean heat rather than ice being removed by high winds.’
OTA: Shore up federal ocean programs
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Although the federal ocean effort consists of about 90 programs, at a cost of $2.52 billion in fiscal 1980, there is no comprehensive plan or coordination for the development of new technologies to advance the programs, according to a report by an Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) panel. Federally supported technologies include ships, satellites for oceanography research, buoys, submersibles, and independent instrument systems. To shore up the development of ocean technology, Congressional initiatives may be necessary, concludes the Technology and Oceanography Assessment Advisory Panel.There is no consistency, the panel charged, among agencies in their plans for future program or capital expenditures. Furthermore, some agencies plan for possible future technology needs, while others do not plan for new expenditures until new items become vital. And, some program plans include substantial contingencies and related activities, while others do not.
ASP and ACSM agree to affiliate
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The American Society of Photogrammetry (ASP) and the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) have agreed to affiliate in order to represent more effectively the interrelated professions of surv eying, cartography, photogrammetry, and remote sensing.So that they can use common management facilities and services, ASP and ACSM will share office space at one location. ASP and ACSM also will share governmental affairs and education programs. The two societies, currently headquartered two blocks apart in Falls Church, Va., have held their annual conventions jointly since 1955.
Conference reviews R&D budget
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

About 85 university officials, laboratory directors, industrial research executives, scientists, and engineers gathered in Washington, D.C., at the invitation of National Academy of Sciences President Frank Press, to discuss the outlook for and the implications of the federal research and development budget for fiscal 1982 and beyond. The consensus of the group is that President Reagan's proposed 12% across‐the‐board cut, if effected, would severely damage science; that the White House should review research funding to make more productive use of research dollars; that science and technology are vital to the Reagan administration's goals; and that basic research should take priority over development.George A. Keyworth, director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), and Fred Khedouri, associate director for natural resources, energy, and science in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), also attended the meeting on October 26 and 27. They advised the group to be realistic and not assume the worst case. In addition they told the conference that during this period of fiscal restraint growth will be restricted; nevertheless, science will be treated with sensitivity.
COSOD opts for Explorer
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

With the withdrawal of industry support in the Ocean Margin Drilling Program (OMDP) (Eos, October 20, p. 705), a giant wave of uncertainty on the future of scientific ocean drilling swept over the oceanographic community. To steer the next decade's programs toward scientific objectives, the Conference on Scientific Ocean Drilling (COSOD) was held November 16–18 in Austin, Tex. The conference (scheduled before the industry decision) was sponsored by the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES), one of the principal operating arms of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI).‘A broad range of global scientific objectives were identified that require a worldwide drilling program for at least the next decade,’ Roger L. Larson, chairman of the COSOD Steering Committee, told Eos at the meeting's conclusion. ‘Many of these objectives can be accomplished with the presently available drill ship Glomar Challenger, but the extended capabilities of the Glomar Explorer are required to accomplish a large number of other objectives. Thus, it was the unanimous consensus of the conference attendees that Glomar Explorer was clearly the preferable vessel for future scientific ocean drilling.’
New planet missions may be halted
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

A December 2 report in the Washington Post states that George Keyworth, science advisor to President Reagan, has ‘recommended halting all new planetary space missions for at least the next decade—an idea he said the White House seems to be buying.’A spokesman in the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) told Eos that in keeping with this, astrophysics and astronomy, not planetary missions, would be emphasized in the fiscal 1983 budget. The OSTP spokesman was unsure what Keyworth meant by ‘an idea the White House seems to be buying.’ There has been other talk that budget cuts would jeopardize space exploration (Eos, October 20, p. 705).
NECOR: New research consortium
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Three major marine research institutes in the northeastern United States have entered into a formal agreement to coordinate the operation and scheduling of five seagoing oceanographic vessels. NECOR (Northeast Consortium Research Fleet) consists of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the University of Rhode Island, and Columbia University's Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory.NECOR was established, in part, to save money during a time of drastic funding reductions for ship support, explained Jules Hirshman, marine science coordinator at Lamont. Budget axings for 1982 chipped off 10–12% (constant dollars) from 1981 s ship funding, estimates Robert Dinsmore, chairman of facilities and marine operations at Woods Hole and chairman of NECOR's executive committee. Steadily rising fuel costs (Eos, June 23, 1981, p. 549) aggravate the funding problem.
Accurate clock for remote areas
Authors: Bananomi J. 
Published: October 2011

In many regions, conventional time signals like WWV are not available continuously; on the other hand the signals of the Omega navigational system can be received everywhere 24 hours a day. They are not, strictly speaking, time signals, but they can be used to synchronize clocks to an accuracy of about 0.01 s. The Observatory of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, has developed such a clock; it is battery operated (5 years autonomy), small (14×13×4 cm), light (400 g, including antenna and battery), and fixed‐tuned to one particular Omega transmitter.There are eight Omega stations evenly distributed around the earth, and no land area is further away than 5000 km from the nearest transmitter. For a distance of this order the clock described above has been measured to have an accuracy of better than 0.01 s in the temperature range 0°C to +40°C. The clock is actually driven by a quartz crystal, and the synchronization with the Omega signals is achieved in small steps of about 0.5 ms every 10 s. During times of poor reception, caused by local thunderstorms, the clock continues to run with the accuracy of its quartz crystal. The clock should prove useful for many geophysical applications and can be purchased in sample quantities. For detailed information write to Otfeervatoire Cantonal, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Nation's year‐end water picture brighter
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Despite the severe dry conditions marking the first half of the year and still lingering in most parts of the Southeast, the nation's overall water picture improved in the closing months of 1981, lessening concern over water resources, according to a year‐end check by the U.S. Geological Survey.USGS hydrologists said that combined flow of the nation's Big Five rivers (Mississippi, St. Lawrence, Ohio, Columbia, and Missouri) averaged 693 billion gallons a day (bgd), 10% below normal for 1981. Although the combined flow of the Big Five in December averaged 10% below normal, there was still strong improvement over the January 1981 average, which was 41% below normal.
IAU Colloquium 63—High‐Precision Earth Rotation and Earth‐Moon Dynamics, Lunar Distances, and Related Observations
Authors: Tapley Byron D. 
Published: October 2011

IAU Colloquium 63 was held in Grasse, France, May 22–27, 1981. The colloquium was sponsored by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and cosponsored by the Council of Scientific Unions, Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), and the International Association of Geodesy. The 51 participants at the conference were drawn from a wide geographical region and consisted of observers, responsible for collecting the data; analysts, who apply the data to determine polar motion and earth rotation; and theoreticians, who interpret the results and provide predictions to guide future observation efforts.The colloquium occurred at a particularly opportune time, since the short MERIT (Monitor Earth Rotation and Intercompare the Techniques of Observation and Analysis) campaign, conducted during August, September, and October 1980, provided a focus for both observation and analysis of efforts to obtain polar motion solutions. Independent solutions were provided by using data from the general categories: laser ranging (Lageos, Starlette and lunar), VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry), satellite Doppler, astrometric (classical methods), and connected element interferometer.
Hawaii Deep Seawater pipeline
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii (NELH) is the world's first research facility to have hot and cold running seawater.NELH recently completed the installation of a 30‐cm diameter pipeline capable of providing 95 l/s of cold seawater to the laboratory facilities, making NELH the only research facility capable of continuously delivering to various research projects both warm tropical surface seawater and deep cold seawater.
Pronouncing the names of the moons of Saturn, or pulling teeth from Tethys
Authors: Consolmagno G. , Reiche H. 
Published: October 2011

The moons of Saturn, so Woody Allen recently observed [Allen, 1979], do not come up in conversation very often. This may be one reason why most people, planetary scientists included, have trouble pronouncing their names.Our troubles, however, stem not merely from the fact that these names are unfamiliar, or even that they are of non‐English origin. After all, the same is true of many terms in technology and medicine [cf. Nybakken, 1959; Reiche, 1959]. They stem from the fact that they are drawn from Greco‐Roman mythology and so possess the three chief difficulties troubling those who strive for ‘correct’ pronunciation anywhere in this area.