bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed‐Anion and Mixed‐Cation Borohydride KZn(BH4)Cl2: Synthesis, Structure and Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Ravnsbæk Dorthe B. , Sørensen Lise H. , Filinchuk Yaroslav , Reed Daniel , Book David , Jakobsen Hans J. , Besenbacher Flemming , Skibsted Jørgen , Jensen Torben R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractKZn(BH4)Cl2, synthesized for the first time, contains a heteroleptic complex anion [Zn(BH4)Cl2]–, extending the structural diversity of metal borohydrides. In‐situ synchrotron powder diffraction, NMR and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize KZn(BH4)Cl2 and to evaluate the mechanism for its thermal decomposition. The title compound decomposes at a significantly lower temperature than KBH4 and may be used for inspiration for the design of novel hydrogen storage materials. Combining different ligands in modified metal borohydrides is proposed as a way to adjust stability with respect to hydrogen desorption.
C3v (Trimethyl) p‐(Benzyloxy)calix[6]arene: A Versatile Platform for the Synthesis of Functionalized C3v Calix[6]arenes
Authors: Huc Vincent , Guérineau Vincent 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPartial methylation of p‐(benzyloxy)calix[6]arene leads to the corresponding trimethylated C3v derivative. This compound was used for the synthesis of new functional calixarenes. The presence of the p‐(benzyloxy) substituent allows this new C3v derivative to be directly oxidized to the tris(quinone). These new C3v derivatives open the way to new supramolecular receptors, bearing easily derivatized hydroxy groups at the upper rim position.
CE‐TOF MS analysis of complex protein hydrolyzates from genetically modified soybeans – A tool for foodomics
Authors: Simó Carolina , Domínguez‐Vega Elena , Marina Maria Luisa , García María Concepción , Dinelli Giovanni , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA CE‐TOF MS proteomic approach was applied for the analysis of hydrolyzates from complex soybean protein mixtures. After CE‐TOF MS method development, the new approach provided the simultaneous analysis of more than 150 peptides from the soybean protein fraction soluble in ACN‐water (80/20 v/v). The method is fast (about 30 min of analysis per sample) and is characterized by a relatively low running cost. The approach was used to study the substantial equivalence between a genetically modified variety of soybean compared with its traditional counterpart. No significant differences were found between the two studied soybeans based on the protein fraction studied. The capacity of the CE‐TOF MS method to analyze complex mixtures of peptides in short times opens interesting possibilities in the growing Foodomics area.
Sensitivity improvement of CE/ESI/MS analysis of gangliosides using a liquid‐junction/low‐flow interface
Authors: Hsueh Yun‐Hung , Huang Ju‐Li , Tseng Mei‐Chun , Her Guor‐Rong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMethodology is presented which greatly improves the sensitivity of ganglioside analysis by CE/MS without compromising separation efficiency. In this method, non‐volatile additives were removed, where possible, to reduce ion suppression. Specifically, α‐CD, used to break up ganglioside micelle formation, was replaced with isopropyl alcohol. To reduce ion suppression from sodium ions, ammonium borate was substituted for sodium borate in the preparation of borate buffer. Because borate anions were found to be essential for CE separation, a liquid‐junction/low‐flow interface was employed to restrict borate anions from entering the ESI ion source. With proper control over the EOF in the connecting capillary, borate anions were controlled to migrate away from the ESI ion source. With these modifications, the sensitivity of CE/MS analysis of gangliosides was improved significantly.
CEC‐ESI ion trap MS of multiple drugs of abuse
Authors: Aturki Zeineb , D'Orazio Giovanni , Rocco Anna , Bortolotti Federica , Gottardo Rossella , Tagliaro Franco , Fanali Salvatore 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article describes a method for the separation and determination of nine drugs of abuse in human urine, including amphetamines, cocaine, codeine, heroin and morphine. This method was based on SPE on a strong cation exchange cartridge followed by CEC‐MS. The CEC experiments were performed in fused silica capillaries (100 μm×30 cm) packed with a 3 μm cyano derivatized silica stationary phase. A laboratory‐made liquid junction interface was used for CEC‐MS coupling. The outlet capillary column was connected with an emitter tip that was positioned in front of the MS orifice. A stable electrospray was produced at nanoliter per minute flow rates applying a hydrostatic pressure (few kPa) to the interface. The coupling of packed CEC columns with mass spectrometer as detector, using a liquid junction interface, provided several advantages such as better sensitivity, low dead volume and independent control of the conditions used for CEC separation and ESI analysis. For this purpose, preliminary experiments were carried out in CEC‐UV to optimize the proper mobile phase for CEC analysis. Good separation efficiency was achieved for almost all compounds, using a mixture containing ACN and 25 mM ammonium formate buffer at pH 3 (30:70, v/v), as mobile phase and applying a voltage of 12 kV. ESI ion‐trap MS detection was performed in the positive ionization mode. A spray liquid, composed by methanol–water (80:20, v/v) and 1% formic acid, was delivered at a nano‐flow rate of ∼200 nL/min. Under optimized CEC‐ESI‐MS conditions, separation of the investigated drugs was performed within 13 min. CEC‐MS and CEC‐MS2 spectra were obtained by providing the unambiguous confirmation of these drugs in urine samples. Method precision was determined with RSDs values ≤3.3% for retention times and ≤16.3% for peak areas in both intra‐day and day‐to‐day experiments. LODs were established between 0.78 and 3.12 ng/mL for all compounds. Linearity was satisfactory in the concentration range of interest for all compounds (r2≥0.995). The developed CEC‐MS method was then applied to the analysis of drugs of abuse in spiked urine samples, obtaining recovery data in the range 80–95%.
Complexation of metals by phytosiderophores revealed by CE‐ESI‐MS and CE‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Dell'mour Madeleine , Koellensperger Gunda , Quirino Joselito P. , Haddad Paul R. , Stanetty Christian , Oburger Eva , Puschenreiter Markus , Hann Stephan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCE‐ESI‐MS and CE‐ICP‐MS were implemented for studying three phytosiderophores (mugineic acid, epi‐mugineic acid and deoxymugineic acid) and their metal complexes. Free ligands and ferric complexes were analyzed using the first methodology, while six free metals (Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)) together with the corresponding complexes were investigated by the latter technique. CE separation was realized at a voltage of +25 kV employing a BGE containing 20 mM ammonium bicarbonate at pH 7.2. Both techniques revealed limits of detection in the high nM to low μM range. Standard additions to hydroponic samples of H. distichon, cv. Bodega (spring barley) showed regression coefficients for the metal–ligand complexes ranging from 0.984 to 0.999. Additionally, results of a competitivity study allowed the determination of relative metal–phytosiderophore complex stability constants of deoxymugineic/mugineic acid.
Influence of the BGE composition on analyte response in CD‐mediated NACE‐MS
Authors: Servais Anne‐Catherine , Fillet Marianne , Mol Roelof , Rousseau Anne , Crommen Jacques , Somsen Govert W. , de Jong Gerhardus J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe influence of the BGE composition, including the addition of a single‐isomer sulfated β‐CD derivative, on the ionization performance of the model compound carvedilol in NACE‐ESI‐MS was studied using an alternative infusion method. This approach employs voltage‐induced infusion of the BGE containing the analyte, and takes into account the effects of variations in EOF and effective analyte mobility on the ESI‐MS intensity. First, the optimal composition of the sheath liquid for CE‐MS in terms of signal abundance and stability was determined. The BGE ammonium formate, acetate, and camphorsulfonate were found to have similar effects on analyte ionization. Addition of single‐isomer sulfated β‐CD derivatives (available as sodium salt) to the BGE revealed that the anionic CD derivatives did not give rise to the same ionization suppression effect. This result can be attributed to differences in the dissociation state of these sodium salts. Finally, it is shown that information about chiral selectivity can also be obtained with the applied infusion method.
Mutagenic repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks
Authors: Shen Xi , Li Lei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFormation of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) in chromosomal DNA imposes acute obstruction of all essential DNA functions. For over 70 years bifunctional alkylators, also known as DNA crosslinkers, have been an important class of cancer chemotherapeutic regimens. The mechanisms of ICL repair remains largely elusive. Here, we review a eukaryotic mutagenic ICL repair pathway discovered by work from several laboratories. This repair pathway, alternatively termed recombination‐independent ICL repair, involves the incision activities of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism and lesion bypass polymerase(s). Repair of the ICL is initiated by dual incisions flanking the ICL on one strand of the double helix; the resulting gap is filled in by lesion bypass polymerases. The remaining lesion is subsequently removed by a second round of NER reaction. The mutagenic repair of ICL likely interacts with other cellular mechanisms such as the Fanconi anemia pathway and recombinational repair of ICLs. These aspects will also be discussed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of soil type and organic matter content on the bioavailability, accumulation, and toxicity of α-cypermethrin in the springtail Folsomia candida
Authors: Styrishave Bjarne , Hartnik Thomas , Christensen Peter , Andersen Ole , Jensen John 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The influence of organic matter (OM) content on α-cypermethrin porewater concentrations and springtail Folsomia candida accumulation was investigated in two soils with different levels of organic matter, a forest soil with a total organic carbon (TOC) content of 5.0% (OM = 11.5%) and an agricultural soil with a TOC content of 1.3% (OM = 4.0%). Also, the effects of α-cypermethrin concentrations in soil and pore water and the influence of soil aging on springtail reproduction were investigated. Springtail reproduction was severely affected by increasing α-cypermethrin in soil with 1.3% TOC; the median effective concentration value (EC50) was estimated to 23.4 mg/kg (dry wt). Reproduction was only marginally affected in the soil with 5.0% TOC, and no EC50 value could be estimated. However, when expressing α-cypermethrin accumulation as a function of soil α-cypermethrin concentrations, no difference was found between the two soil types, and no additional α-cypermethrin uptake was observed at soil concentrations above approximately 200 mg/kg (dry wt). By using solid-phase microextraction (SPME), it could be demonstrated that α-cypermethrin porewater concentrations were higher in the soil with low organic matter (LOM) content than in the soil with high organic matter (HOM) content. Furthermore, a clear relationship was found between α-cypermethrin concentrations in springtails and porewater. Soil aging was not found to exert any effect on α-cypermethrin toxicity toward springtails. The study indicates that the springtail's accumulation of α-cypermethrin and reproduction is governed by α-cypermethrin porewater concentrations rather than the total α-cypermethrin concentration in soil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1084–1090. © 2010 SETAC
Radioactive uranium measurement in vivo using a handheld interfaced analyzer
Authors: Ly Suw Young , Lee Jin-Hui , Jung Dong Ho 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A trace uranium (U) detection method was developed with a handheld voltammetric analyzer that was the size of a mobile phone, with working sensors made of simple graphite pencil electrode (PE). The optimum stripping voltammetric conditions were sought, and the following results were obtained: 0.0 to 0.08 ng/L working ranges and a statistically relative standard deviation of 1.78% (RSD; n = 15) at a 10.0 µg/L U spike. The experiment accumulation time used was only 150 s. Under this condition, the diagnostic detection limit approached 0.007 ng/L. The method was applied to soil of a natural rock in a radioactive mineralogy site. Earthworms that resided at this site were assayed. The method was found to be applicable in biological diagnosis or in real-time in vivo survey. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1025–1030. © 2010 SETAC
Effects of 17 β-estradiol exposure on Xenopus laevis gonadal histopathology
Authors: Wolf Jeffrey C. , Lutz Ilka , Kloas Werner , Springer Timothy A. , Holden Larry R. , Krueger Henry O. , Hosmer Alan J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The natural estrogen 17 β-estradiol (E2) is a potential environmental contaminant commonly employed as a positive control substance in bioassays involving estrogenic effects. The aquatic anuran Xenopus laevis is a frequent subject of reproductive endocrine disruptor research; however, histopathological investigations have tended to be less than comprehensive. Consequently, a study was designed to characterize gross and microscopic changes in the gonads of X. laevis as a result of E2 exposure. Additional goals of this study, which consisted of three separate experiments, included the standardization of diagnostic terminology and criteria, the validation of statistical methodology, and the establishment of a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for E2 as defined by an approximately 50% conversion of presumptive genotypic males to phenotypic females. In the first experiment, frogs were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.2, 1.5, or 6.0 µg/L E2. From these experimental results and those of a subsequent range finding trial, the EC50 for E2 was determined to be approximately 0.2 µg/L. This E2 concentration was utilized in the other two experiments, which were performed at different facilities to confirm the reproducibility of results. Experiments were conducted according to Good Laboratory Practice guidelines, and the histopathologic evaluations were peer reviewed by an independent pathologist. Among the three trials, the histopathological findings that were strongly associated with E2-exposure (p &lt; 0.001 to 0.0001) included an increase in the proportion of phenotypic females, mixed sex, dilated testis tubules, dividing gonocytes in the testis, and dilated ovarian cavities in phenotypic ovaries. A comparison of the gross and microscopic evaluations suggested that some morphologic changes in the gonads may potentially be missed if studies rely entirely on macroscopic assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1091–1105. © 2010 SETAC
Assessment criteria for using the sea-urchin embryo test with sediment elutriates as a tool to classify the ecotoxicological status of marine water bodies
Authors: Durán Iria , Beiras Ricardo 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A large, multiyear data set was generated by pooling the sediment elutriate (SET) results collected during previous studies conducted in the Galician Rias (northwest Iberian Peninsula) that met the acceptability criteria in the controls, to ensure optimum quality of data (n = 162). Two subsets of equal to reference and lower than reference sites were identified by comparing the Percentage Net Response (PNR) value from each sampling site with nontoxic, cruise-specific, reference sites by using the t test with the unequal variance assumption. Ecotoxicological Assessment Criteria (EAC0, EAC1, EAC2, and EAC3) were then derived from those two subsets to classify the SET results into five categories of ecotoxicological status: high, good, moderate, poor, and bad, in line with the European legislation. The 50th and 5th percentiles of the PNR distribution of the equal to reference sites subset were EAC0 = 0.879 and EAC1 = 0.694. An EAC2 = 0.508 was obtained from the 50th percentile of the lower than reference sites subset. Because the PNR values of the entire database showed a distribution that can be adjusted to two normal populations, the EAC3 = 0.240 PNR was calculated as the intersection between the first and second normal distributions identified. Power analysis proved that the limit between acceptable and unacceptable status (EAC1) corresponded to a detectable PNR difference to control with a confidence level &gt;99% and a power of 95%. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1192–1198. © 2010 SETAC
Effects of frozen soil and snow cover on cold‐season soil water dynamics in Tokachi, Japan
Authors: Iwata Yukiyoshi , Hirota Tomoyoshi , Hayashi Masaki , Suzuki Shinji , Hasegawa Shuichi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDespite the potential impact of winter soil water movements in cold regions, relatively few field studies have investigated cold‐season hydrological processes that occur before spring‐onset of snowmelt infiltration. The contribution of soil water fluxes in winter to the annual water balance was evaluated over 5 years of field observations at an agricultural field in Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan. In two of the winters, soil frost reached a maximum depth of 0·2 m (‘frozen’ winters), whereas soil frost was mostly absent during the remaining three winters (‘unfrozen’ winters). Significant infiltration of winter snowmelt water, to a depth exceeding 1·0 m, occurred during both frozen and unfrozen winters. Such infiltration ranged between 126 and 255 mm, representing 28–51% of total annual soil water fluxes. During frozen winters, a substantial quantity of water (ca 40 mm) was drawn from deeper layers into the 0–0·2 m topsoil layer when this froze. Under such conditions, the progression and regression of the freezing front, regulated by the thickness of snow cover, controlled the quantity of soil water flux below the frozen layer. During unfrozen winters, 13–62 mm of water infiltrated to a depth of 0·2 m, before the spring snowmelt. These results indicate the importance of correctly evaluating winter soil water movement in cold regions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BRAF mutation‐selective inhibition of thyroid cancer cells by the novel MEK inhibitor RDEA119 and genetic‐potentiated synergism with the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus
Authors: Liu Dingxie , Xing Joanna , Trink Barry , Xing Mingzhao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe examined the therapeutic potential of a novel MEK inhibitor, RDEA119, and its synergism with the mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus, in thyroid cancer cell lines. RDEA119 potently inhibited the proliferation of the 4 cell lines that harbored BRAF mutation but had no or modest effects on the other 4 cells that harbored wild‐type BRAF (IC50 of 0.034–0.217 μM vs. 1.413–34.120 μM). This inhibitory effect of RDEA119 in selected cell lines OCUT1 (BRAF V600E+, PIK3CA H1047R+) and SW1376 (BRAF V600E+) was enhanced by combination with the mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus. The PTEN‐deficient cell FTC133 was highly sensitive to temsirolimus but insensitive to RDEA119, and simultaneous treatment with the latter enhanced the sensitivity of the cell to the former. The KAT18 (wild‐type) cell was not sensitive to either drug alone but became sensitive to the combination of the 2 drugs. The drug synergy was confirmed by combination index and isobologram analyses. RDEA119 and temsirolimus also showed synergistic effects on autophagic death of OCUT1 and KAT18 cells selectively tested. Dramatic synergistic effects of the 2 drugs were also seen on the growth of FTC133 xenograft tumors in nude mice. Overall, the effects of the 2 drugs on cell proliferation or autophagic death, either alone or in combination, were more pronounced in cells that harbored genetic alterations in the MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt pathways. Thus, these results demonstrated the important therapeutic potential of the novel MEK inhibitor RDEA119 and its synergism with temsirolimus in thyroid cancer.
Possible association between polymorphisms of human vascular endothelial growth factor A gene and susceptibility to glioma in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Rui , Zhao Yao , Fan Weiwei , Chen Hongyan , Chen Yuanyuan , Liu Yanhong , Chen Gong , Zhou Keke , Huang Fengping , Mao Ying , Zhou Liangfu , Lu Daru , Shugart Yin Yao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), one of the most predominant mediators of pathologic angiogenesis, plays a critical role in glioma carcinogenesis and development via promoting tumor growth. We hypothesized that VEGFA polymorphisms may influence glioma risk. We recently genotyped 9 VEGFA single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 766 glioma patients and 824 cancer‐free controls selected from a Chinese population. We evaluated the glioma risk conferred by individual SNPs, haplotypes as well as cumulative SNP effect. In the single‐locus analysis, we found that rs2010963 (G+405C, G‐634C) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.58; GC/CC vs. GG] and rs3025030 (OR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.18–4.14; CC vs. GG/GC) were associated with increased risk for glioma, and rs3024994 (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.47–0.94; CT/TT vs. CC) was associated with reduced glioma risk, albeit insignificant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The haplotype‐based analysis revealed that AGG in block 1 and ATT, ACT in block 2 were associated with 20–40% reductions in glioma risk. The inverse association of haplotype AGG containing rs2010963G remained significant after correction for multiple testing (p = 0.002, pcorrected = 0.022). The aforementioned 3 SNPs revealed a significant cumulative risk effect; the increased risk for glioma was 1.38‐fold for each additional adverse genotype he or she carries (ptrend = 8.4 × 10−5). Our findings suggested that VEGFA variants may be involved in glioma risk. Larger studies with ethnically diverse populations are warranted to confirm the results reported in this investigation.
Cytoplasmic accumulation of connexin32 expands cancer stem cell population in human HuH7 hepatoma cells by enhancing its self‐renewal
Authors: Kawasaki Yohei , Omori Yasufumi , Li Qingchang , Nishikawa Yuji , Yoshioka Toshiaki , Yoshida Masayuki , Ishikawa Kazuo , Enomoto Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough the connexin32 (Cx32)‐mediated gap junction is abolished in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the expression of cytoplasmic Cx32 tends to increase in correspondence with the grade of malignancy. Establishing a Tet‐off expression system in human nonmetastatic HuH7 HCC cells where cytoplasmic Cx32 was overexpressed by doxycycline (Dox) withdrawal, we previously demonstrated that overexpression of cytoplasmic Cx32 made HuH7 cells metastatic in mice. In our study, hypothesizing that the cytoplasmic Cx32‐induced metastasis may involve expansion of the cancer stem cell (CSC) population, we examined whether cytoplasmic Cx32 controlled the size of the side population (SP) in HuH7 Tet‐off Cx32 cells. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting revealed that SP was expanded in a Dox‐free medium compared with a Dox‐supplemented one. Although cytoplasmic Cx32 did not block maturation from SP to non‐SP, purified SP reconstituted a larger SP fraction in the Dox‐free medium than in the Dox‐supplemented one. Furthermore, although SP from HuH7 Tet‐off mock cells formed a similar number of CSC spheres of a similar size whether with or without Dox, SP from HuH7 Tet‐off Cx32 cells developed a greater number of larger CSC spheres in the Dox‐free medium than in the Dox‐supplemented one. Taken together, these results suggest that accumulation of cytoplasmic Cx32 should enhance self‐renewal of CSC to expand the CSC population in HCC.