bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The response of subcutaneous connective tissue to newly developed calcium phosphate‐based root canal sealers
Authors: Khashaba R. M. , Moussa M. M. , Chutkan N. B. , Borke J. L. 
Published: January 2011

Khashaba RM, Moussa MM, Chutkan NB, Borke JL. The response of subcutaneous connective tissue to newly developed calcium phosphate‐based root canal sealers. International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim  To evaluate the histopathologic biocompatibility of two new calcium phosphate‐based sealers (CPS‐1 & CPS‐2) with a commercially available calcium hydroxide‐based sealer (Acroseal).Methodology  Polyethylene tubes were filled with freshly mixed sealers and implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal connective tissue of rats. Empty tubes were used as controls. Histopathological examinations were conducted at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after the implantation procedure. The presence of inflammation and predominant cell types were analysed statistically with Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis non‐parametric tests. Fibrous connective tissue thickness adjacent to each sample was recorded. Differences were tested for significance using anova and ‘Duncan’s’ multiple comparison test (P < 0.05).Results  CPS‐1 sealer was associated with severe inflammation and remained an irritation throughout the 90‐day implantation period; the tissue reaction pattern was stromal fibrosis. The control, CPS‐2 and Acroseal sealers had similar patterns of irritation, which were more severe initially and diminished with time creating a thin fibrous capsule around the implant with a complete absence of inflammatory cells. There was no difference in tissue reaction between the control, CPS‐1, CPS‐2 and Acroseal groups amongst the first two observation periods (P > 0.05). However, there was a highly significant difference between the same groups at the last two observation periods (P < 0.01). Also, there were highly significant differences between the observation periods within all four groups at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days (P < 0.01).Conclusion  CPS‐1 sealer was not biocompatible. CPS‐2 sealer and Acroseal had a favourable biocompatibility level based on the histological findings.
Rad52 function prevents chromosome loss and truncation in Candida albicans
Authors: Andaluz E. , Bellido A. , Gómez‐Raja J. , Selmecki A. , Bouchonville K. , Calderone R. , Berman J. , Larriba G. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryRAD52 is required for almost all recombination events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We took advantage of the heterozygosity of HIS4 in the Candida albicans SC5314 lineage to study the role of Rad52 in the genomic stability of this important fungal pathogen. The rate of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at HIS4 in rad52‐ΔΔ strains was ∼10−3, at least 100‐fold higher than in Rad52+ strains. LOH of whole chromosome 4 or truncation of the homologue that carries the functional HIS4 allele was detected in all 80 rad52‐ΔΔ His auxotrophs (GLH –GL lab His‐) obtained from six independent experiments. Isolates that had undergone whole chromosome LOH, presumably due to loss of chromosome, carried two copies of the remaining homologue. Isolates with truncations carried centric fragments of broken chromosomes healed by de novo telomere addition. GLH strains exhibited variable degrees of LOH across the genome, including two strains that became homozygous for all the heterozygous markers tested. In addition, GLH strains exhibited increased chromosomal instability (CIN), which was abolished by reintroduction of RAD52. CIN of GLH isolates is reminiscent of genomic alterations leading to cancer in human cells, and support the mutator hypothesis in which a mutator mutation or CIN phenotype facilitate more mutations/aneuploidies.
A MADS‐box transcription factor MoMcm1 is required for male fertility, microconidium production and virulence in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Zhou Xiaoying , Liu Wende , Wang Chenfang , Xu Qijun , Wang Yang , Ding Shengli , Xu Jin‐Rong 
Published: January 2011

SummaryAppressorium formation is a key step in the infection cycle of Magnaporthe oryzae. Mst12 is a transcription factor essential for appressorium penetration and invasive growth. In this study we used the affinity purification approach to identify proteins that physically associate with Mst12. One of the Mst12‐interacting genes identified was MoMCM1, which encodes a MADS‐box protein orthologous to yeast Mcm1. MoMcm1 interacted with both Mst12 and Mata‐1 in yeast two‐hybrid assays. Deletion of MoMCM1 resulted in the loss of male fertility and microconidium production. The Momcm1 mutant was defective in appressorium penetration and formed narrower invasive hyphae, which may be responsible for its reduced virulence. In transformants expressing MoMCM1–eGFP fusion, GFP signals were observed in the nucleus. We also generated the Momcm1 mst12 double mutant, which was defective in penetration and non‐pathogenic. On hydrophilic surfaces, germ tubes produced by the double mutant were severely curved, and 20% of them formed appressoria. In contrast, the Momcm1 or mst12 mutant did not form appressoria on hydrophilic surfaces. These results suggest that MoMCM1 and MST12 have overlapping functions to suppress appressorium formation under non‐conducive conditions. MoMcm1 may interact with Mst12 and MatA‐1 to regulate germ tube identity and male fertility respectively.
DNA supercoiling is differentially regulated by environmental factors and FIS in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica
Authors: Cameron Andrew D. S. , Stoebel Daniel M. , Dorman Charles J. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryAlthough Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica inhabit similar niches and employ similar genetic regulatory programmes, we find that they differ significantly in their DNA supercoiling responses to environmental and antibiotic challenges. Whereas E. coli demonstrates large dynamic transitions in supercoiling in response to growth phase, osmotic pressure and novobiocin treatment, supercoiling levels are much less variable in S. enterica. The FIS protein is a global regulator of supercoiling in E. coli, but it was found to have less influence over supercoiling control in S. enterica. These inter‐species differences fine‐tune gene promoters to endogenous supercoiling and FIS levels. Transferring a Salmonella virulence gene promoter (PssrA) into a new enteric host (E. coli) caused aberrant expression in response to stimulatory signals. Reciprocal horizontal transfer of topA promoters, which control expression of topoisomerase I, between E. coli and S. enterica revealed how these orthologous promoters have evolved to respond differentially to FIS and supercoiling levels in their cognate species. This also identified a previously unrecognized osmoregulation of topA expression that is independent of FIS and supercoiling in both E. coli and S. enterica. These findings suggest that E. coli and S. enterica may be unexpectedly divergent in their global regulation of cellular physiology.
Complexation of Hg with phytochelatins is important for plant Hg tolerance
Authors: CARRASCO‐GIL SANDRA , ÁLVAREZ‐FERNÁNDEZ ANA , SOBRINO‐PLATA JUAN , MILLÁN ROCÍO , CARPENA‐RUIZ RAMÓN O. , LEDUC DANIKA L. , ANDREWS JOY C. , ABADÍA JAVIER , HERNÁNDEZ LUÍS E. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThree‐week‐old alfalfa (Medicago sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and maize (Zea mays) were exposed for 7 d to 30 µm of mercury (HgCl2) to characterize the Hg speciation in root, with no symptoms of being poisoned. The largest pool (99%) was associated with the particulate fraction, whereas the soluble fraction (SF) accounted for a minor proportion (<1%). Liquid chromatography coupled with electro‐spray/time of flight mass spectrometry showed that Hg was bound to an array of phytochelatins (PCs) in root SF, which was particularly varied in alfalfa (eight ligands and five stoichiometries), a species that also accumulated homophytochelatins. Spatial localization of Hg in alfalfa roots by microprobe synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy showed that most of the Hg co‐localized with sulphur in the vascular cylinder. Extended X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) fingerprint fitting revealed that Hg was bound in vivo to organic‐S compounds, i.e. biomolecules containing cysteine. Albeit a minor proportion of total Hg, Hg–PCs complexes in the SF might be important for tolerance to Hg, as was found with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants cad2‐1 (with low glutathione content) and cad1‐3 (unable to synthesize PCs) in comparison with wild type plants. Interestingly, high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐time of flight analysis showed that none of these mutants accumulated Hg–biothiol complexes.
Informed consent and patient understanding of blood transfusion
Authors: Court E. L. , Robinson J. A. , Hocken D. B. 
Published: January 2011

Background: Obtaining separate informed consent for blood transfusion is mandatory in some countries. Although patients should be informed about risks and benefits of transfusion, studies suggest this does not happen routinely in the UK and the patient perspective is lacking in the current literature. Aim: To explore provision of information and the consent process for patients receiving blood transfusions at our hospital. Objectives: To assess patient recall of the consent process, information conveyed, ease in understanding discussions and perceived knowledge of transfusion afterwards. Methods: All 342 adult patients for whom blood was cross‐matched between 1 March 2008 and 30 April 2008 were sent postal questionnaires. Results: One hundred and sixty‐four questionnaires were returned. Overall, 59·1% of patients said someone explained they might need a transfusion; of those 86·7% felt the reason had been explained. Only 58·8% of patients felt informed of what transfusion involves, with 67·0% told of the benefits and 27·8% informed of risks. Overall, 51·5% of patients said this information was easy to understand, but only 26·8% were aware of a transfusion information leaflet. Of those receiving leaflets, all said they read it and had no questions. Despite this, 61·9% were satisfied overall with the information received. Conclusion: Information leaflets could increase the information available to patients, with minimal impact on health care professionals' time. Leaflets are available, free of charge, from the National Health Service Blood and Transplant website. These have been introduced at each bedside, in pre‐op packs and in outpatient clinics, with re‐assessment planned in 6 months.
Preemptive deceased donor kidney transplant not associated with patient survival benefit in minority kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Keith Douglas Scott 
Published: January 2011

Keith DS. Preemptive deceased donor kidney transplant not associated with patient survival benefit in minority kidney transplant recipients.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 82–86.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Previous studies have shown an inverse association between pre‐transplant dialysis exposure and post‐kidney transplant outcomes. Socioeconomic and allocation factors, in contrast to medical factors, play a greater role in dialysis exposure among minorities, and medical causes for delay may impact post‐transplant outcomes. This study sought to test whether minorities behaved similarly to Caucasians with regard to the effect of duration of dialysis on post‐transplant outcomes. All primary deceased donor kidney transplants between 1997 and 2004 (n = 54 162) were analyzed from the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database and were categorized as either Caucasian or minority. Adjusted patient and graft survivals were determined in each subgroup based on the duration of pre‐transplant dialysis. Caucasians recipients show a clear stepwise increase in risk of graft failure and death with increasing duration of dialysis. The risk of graft failure among minorities increased less without a clear stepwise pattern. The risk of death, however, showed a U‐shaped risk profile with the highest risk of death among preemptive transplants and recipients with more than five yr of dialysis. The disparate effect of dialysis on minorities suggests that a selection bias and not a biologic effect may explain the association between dialysis duration and outcomes after kidney transplantation previously reported.
Risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with solid organ transplantation
Authors: Park Ho Yong , Chang Byung Jin , Lim Seong Woo , Kim Jeong , Kim Jin Yong , Chang Dong Kyung , Son Hee Jung , Rhee Poong‐Lyul , Kim Jae J. , Rhee Jong Chul , Kim Young‐Ho 
Published: January 2011

Park HY, Chang BJ, Lim SW, Kim J, Kim JY, Chang DK, Son HJ, Rhee P‐L, Kim JJ., Rhee JC, Kim Y‐H. Risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with solid organ transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 50–56.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The incidence of colorectal adenomas and advanced neoplasia in the transplant population has not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not there was an increased incidence of colorectal adenomas and advanced neoplasia in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients compared with an average‐risk population. We reviewed 360 patients with solid organ transplants who underwent colonoscopy between February 1995 and July 2008, and 360 age‐ and gender‐matched patients in an average‐risk population. The mean duration from transplantation to colonoscopy in the SOT group was 40.4 ± 34.0 months. Ninety‐three (25.8%) adenomas were detected in the SOT group, while 98 (27.2%) adenomas were detected in the control group (p = 0.763). There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) in the number of patients with advanced neoplasia in the SOT group (24 patients [6.7%]) compared with the control group (3 patients [0.8%]). The independent risk factors of advanced neoplasia were old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.067; 95% CI, 1.019–1.118) and transplantation (OR, 6.069; 95% CI, 1.455–25.314). In summary, there was a significant increase in the incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in SOT recipients. The reason for this finding is unclear, and studies with a larger number of patients are needed to further evaluate this group.
Plant U‐box armadillo repeat proteins AtPUB18 and AtPUB19 are involved in salt inhibition of germination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bergler J. , Hoth S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPlant U‐box armadillo repeat (PUB‐ARM) proteins represent a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase. PUB‐ARM proteins have various functions in plant development, plant defence and plant stress responses. The so far uncharacterised PUB‐ARM proteins AtPUB18 and AtPUB19 are highly homologous to each other and regulated on the transcript level by ABA and NaCl. To investigate their physiological function, we isolated and characterised two Arabidopsis mutants and named them pub18‐1 and pub19‐1. However, these single mutants did not show any ABA‐ or salt‐dependent phenotype. In contrast, pub18‐1/pub19‐1 double mutant seeds were less sensitive to ABA and NaCl inhibition of seed germination compared to wild‐type seeds, indicating that both PUB‐ARM proteins may coordinately function as regulatory components in ABA or salt inhibition of germination.
Enhanced transpiration rate in the high pigment 1 tomato mutant and its physiological significance
Authors: Carvalho R. F. , Aidar S. T. , Azevedo R. A. , Dodd I. C. , Peres L. E. P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTomato high pigment (hp) mutants represent an interesting horticultural resource due to their enhanced accumulation of carotenoids, flavonoids and vitamin C. Since hp mutants are known for their exaggerated light responses, the molecules accumulated are likely to be antioxidants, recruited to deal with light and others stresses. Further phenotypes displayed by hp mutations are reduced growth and an apparent disturbance in water loss. Here, we examined the impact of the hp1 mutation and its near isogenic line cv Micro‐Tom (MT) on stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), CO2 assimilation (A) and water use efficiency (WUE). Detached hp1 leaves lost water more rapidly than control leaves, but this behaviour was reversed by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), indicating the ability of hp1 to respond to this hormone. Although attached hp1 leaves had enhanced gs, E and A compared to control leaves, genotypic differences were lost when water was withheld. Both instantaneous leaf‐level WUE and long‐term whole plant WUE did not differ between hp1 and MT. Our results indicate a link between exaggerated light response and water loss in hp1, which has important implications for the use of this mutant in both basic and horticultural research.
Epiphytes and associated fauna on the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus in the Baltic and the North Seas in relation to different abiotic and biotic variables
Authors: Kersen Priit , Kotta Jonne , Bučas Martynas , Kolesova Natalja , Deķere Zane 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Fucus vesiculosus L. is an important habitat‐forming macroalga both in the saline and high diverse North Sea and the diluted and low diversity Baltic Sea. Despite its importance, comparisons of the spatial patterns of its epiphytes have rarely been reported. In this study we examined the species composition and density of macro‐epiphytes and mobile fauna on the canopy‐forming macroalga F. vesiculosus inhabiting different regimes of wave exposure in the North and Baltic Seas. The North and Baltic Seas had distinct epiphyte and mobile faunal communities. Wave exposure and segments of host fronds significantly contributed to the variability in species composition and dominance structure of epiphytes on F. vesiculosus in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. The study indicated that there is no clear spatial scale where environmental variables best predicted epiphytic and mobile faunal communities, and the formation of epiphytic and faunal communities is an interplay of factors operating through micro‐ to regional scales.
Atypical development of Chaetomorpha antennina in culture (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Leliaert Frederik , D'hondt Sofie , Tyberghein Lennert , Verbruggen Heroen , De Clerck Olivier 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe green seaweed genus Chaetomorpha is characterized by unbranched filaments. Molecular phylogenetic data indicate that Chaetomorpha forms a clade that is nested in a paraphyletic assemblage of branched species (Cladophora). It follows that the unbranched condition is evolutionarily conserved and likely evolved early in the evolution of this clade. In this study we show that under laboratory culture conditions, the filaments of C. antennina frequently produce lateral branches, similar to Cladophora. Our results thus indicate that the unbranched thallus architecture is not entirely genetically constrained, but at least in part subject to morphological plasticity. Additionally, culture observations of C. antennina allowed a detailed study of rhizoidal development, which seems unique among Cladophorales.
Genetic diversity of the mangrove‐associated alga Bostrychia radicans/Bostrychia moritziana (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from southern Central America
Authors: Zuccarello Giuseppe C. , Buchanan Joe , West John A. , Pedroche Francisco F. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYPrevious studies suggested that the biodiversity of the mangrove‐associated Bostrychia radicans/Bostrychia moritziana species complex on the Pacific coast of Central America, based on genetic and reproductive data, were low compared with similar areas on the Atlantic coast. Evolutionary scenarios were proposed based on either a recent introduction to the Pacific, or a more uniform environment leading to genetically connected populations and low differentiation between populations. We sampled more extensively in southern Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador and sequenced the samples for the RuBisCo spacer. Our results show that genetic diversity is high in these populations. Many haplotypes retrieved are also found in the Atlantic Ocean (USA, Brazil), an observation not made before. Data suggest that populations are highly differentiated with little evidence of isolation‐by‐distance. The population at La Puntilla, El Salvador is highly differentiated from other populations. Data also suggest that diversity is reduced in a northerly direction, with only one haplotype, unique to Pacific Central America, found north of Chiapas, Mexico. This could be due to northern expansion of this unique genotype as sea surface temperatures ameliorated following the last glacial maximum. Our data do not support the previous proposition of low diversity in the east central Pacific and suggest that much of the Pacific Central America diversity is from before the closure of the Isthmus of Panama.
Genome‐wide association studies for discovery of genes involved in asthma
Authors: AKHABIR LOUBNA , SANDFORD ANDREW J. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTAsthma is the result of a complex interaction between environmental factors and genetic variants that confer susceptibility. Studies of the genetics of asthma have previously been conducted using linkage designs and candidate gene association studies. Recently, the association study design has been extended from specific candidate genes to an unbiased genome‐wide approach: the genome‐wide association study (GWAS). To date, there have been 12 GWAS to look for susceptibility loci for asthma and related traits. The first GWAS for asthma discovered a novel associated locus on chromosome 17q21 encompassing the genes ORMDL3, GSDMB and ZPBP2. None of these genes would have been selected in a candidate association study based on current knowledge of the functions of these genes. Nevertheless, this finding has been consistently replicated in independent populations of European ancestry and also in other ethnic groups. Thus, chromosome 17q21 seems to be a true asthma susceptibility locus. Other genes that were identified in more than one GWAS are IL33, RAD50, IL1RL1 and HLA‐DQB1. Additional novel susceptibility genes identified in a single study include DENND1BI and IL2RB. Discovering the causal mechanism behind these associations is likely to yield great insights into the development of asthma. It is likely that further meta‐analyses of asthma GWAS data from existing international consortia will uncover more novel susceptibility genes and further increase our understanding of this disease.
Two‐stage repair with buccal mucosa for severe and complicated hypospadias in adults
Authors: Zhao Muxin , Li Yangqun , Tang Yong , Chen Wen , Yang Zhe , Li Qiang , Zhou Chuande , Li Fengyong , Zhou Yu 
Published: January 2011

Objectives:  To report the outcomes of two‐stage repair for adult hypospadias using a buccal mucosa graft as a tube.Methods:  A total of 57 adult patients who underwent surgery for severe urethral defect at our institution from January 2002 to March 2010 were included in this analysis. The urethroplasty procedure included penile urethra reconstruction with the buccal mucosa graft used as a tube in the first stage, anastomosis of the unobstructed urethra in the second stage and a scrotal fascio‐cutaneous flap transferred to resurface the reconstructed urethra for waterproofing.Results:  No complications occurred after the first stage, whereas postoperative infections occurred in six cases and distal necrosis of the scrotal flap occurred in two cases after the second stage. All eight of these patients had the complication of urethrocutaneous fistula, which healed after 2–4 weeks by cleaning and changing dressings in six patients. Twelve patients complained of straining at voiding in the early postoperative period. However, nine of these patients had an obvious increase in maximum flow rate without any intervention 3 months after the operation. Follow up ranged from 6 to 62 months (mean 28 months) in 46 patients. Most of the patients presented terminal meatus, no chordee, no urethral stricture and normal voiding. The majority of patients achieved excellent cosmetic and functional results.Conclusions:  A buccal mucosa graft as a tube is a reliable and durable method of two‐stage repair for severe and complicated hypospadias in adults. The use of scrotal flaps seems to contribute to a good vascularized waterproof cover.