bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of viral suppression on combination antiretroviral therapy as a predictor of virological failure after a treatment change*
Authors: Reekie J , Mocroft A , Ledergerber B , Beniowski M , Clotet B , Van Lunzen J , Chiesi A , Pradier C , Machala L , Lundgren JD ,   for the EuroSIDA Study Group
Published: February 2010

ObjectivesHIV‐infected persons experience different patterns of viral suppression after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The relationship between such differences and risk of virological failure after starting a new antiretroviral could help with patient monitoring strategies.MethodsA total of 1827 patients on cART starting at least one new antiretroviral from 1 January 2000 while maintaining a suppressed viral load were included in the analysis. Poisson regression analysis identified factors predictive of virological failure after baseline in addition to traditional demographic variables. Baseline was defined as the date of starting new antiretrovirals.ResultsFour hundred and fifty‐one patients (24.7%) experienced virological failure, with an incidence rate (IR) of 7.3 per 100 person‐years of follow‐up (PYFU) [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.7–8.0]. After adjustment, patients who had rebounded in the year prior to baseline had a 2.4‐times higher rate of virological failure after baseline (95% CI 1.77–3.26; P<.0001), while there was no increased incidence in patients whose last viral rebound was >3 years prior to baseline [Incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.06; 95% CI 0.75–1.50; P=0.73] compared with patients who had never virally rebounded. Patients had an 86% (95% CI 1.36–2.55; P<.0001), 53% (95% CI 1.06–2.04; P=0.02) and 5% (95% CI 0.80–1.38; P=0.72) higher virological failure rate after baseline if they were virally suppressed <50%, 50–70% and 70–90% of the time they were on cART prior to baseline, respectively, compared with those virally suppressed >90% of the time.DiscussionIntensive monitoring after a treatment switch is required in patients who have rebounded recently or have a low percentage of time suppressed while on cART. Consideration should be given to increasing the provision of adherence counselling.
Integrin beta‐3 L33P: a new insight into the pathogenesis of chronic oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy?
Authors: Antonacopoulou A. G. , Argyriou A. A. , Scopa C. D. , Kottorou A. , Kominea A. , Peroukides S. , Kalofonos H. P. 
Published: February 2010

Aim:  To assess the significance of the ITGB3 polymorphism at residue 33 (ITGB3 L33P) in the development of chronic oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy (OXLIPN).Methods:  Fifty‐five patients with advanced colorectal cancer were genotyped, using allele‐specific primers and sybr green in real‐time PCR. Patients had received adjuvant oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy. The severity of the OXLIPN was defined by means of the clinical total neuropathy score (TNSc). Following the discontinuation of treatment, 34/55 patients (61.8%) developed OXLIPN. Grade I neurotoxicity was revealed in 13 (38.2%) patients and grade II neurotoxicity in 21 (61.8%) patients.Results:  Patients without OXLIPN (n = 21) were 19% homozygous for C, 33.3% were heterozygous, and 47.7% were homozygous for T. The corresponding percentages for patients developing any grade of OXLIPN (n = 34) were similar. About half of patients (46.1%) with grade I OXLIPN were heterozygotes (CT), 23.1% were CC, and 30.8% were TT. The majority of patients with grade II OXLIPN were TT (66.7%) with the remaining 33.3% being CT. The TT genotype was associated with increased severity of OXLIPN compared to the genotypes containing the C allele (P = 0.044).Conclusion:  The ITGB3 L33P seems to be unrelated to the development of OXLIPN, but it appears to be related to its severity.
Spatial variations in the salinity of pore waters in northern deep water Gulf of Mexico sediments: implications for pathways and mechanisms of solute transport
Authors: HANOR J. S. , MERCER J. A. 
Published: February 2010

Geofluids (2010) 10, 83–93AbstractSpatial variations in the salinity of pore waters in sedimentary basins can provide important insight into basin‐scale hydrogeologic processes. Although there have been numerous studies of brine seeps in the deep water Gulf of Mexico, much less is known about porewater salinities in the vast areas between seeps. A study has been made of spatial variation in pore water salinities in sediments in an approximately 500 km by 200 km area of the northern deep water (water depth >500 m) Gulf of Mexico sedimentary basin (GOM) to provide insight into pathways and mechanisms of solute transport in this portion of the basin. A second objective was to document salinities in the upper 500 m of the sedimentary section, the approximate depth to which methane hydrates, a potential future energy resource, may be stable. Elevated salinities would reduce the P–T stability range of hydrates. Salinities were calculated from borehole logs using a dual electrical conductivity model. Even though much of the northern GOM is underlain by allochthonous salt most of the undisturbed shallow sedimentary section has not been permeated by hypersaline waters. These waters are limited to areas near brine seeps. Hypersaline waters having salinities in excess of 100 g l−1 become more common at subseafloor depths of 2 km and greater. A field study at Green Canyon 65 and published numerical simulations of fluid flow above tabular salt bodies suggest that brines produced by salt dissolution migrate laterally and pond above salt and/or within minibasins and that the dominant mechanism of vertical solute transport is a combination of compaction‐driven advection and diffusion, not large‐scale thermohaline overturn. Superimposed on this diffuse upward flux of dissolved salt is the more focused and localized expulsion of saline fluids up faults.
Permeability of the continental crust: dynamic variations inferred from seismicity and metamorphism
Authors: INGEBRITSEN S. E. , MANNING C. E. 
Published: February 2010

Geofluids (2010) 10, 193–205AbstractThe variation of permeability with depth can be probed indirectly by various means, including hydrologic models that use geothermal data as constraints and the progress of metamorphic reactions driven by fluid flow. Geothermal and metamorphic data combine to indicate that mean permeability (k) of tectonically active continental crust decreases with depth (z) according to log k ≈ −14–3.2 log z, where k is in m2 and z in km. Other independently derived, crustal‐scale k–z relations are generally similar to this power‐law curve. Yet there is also substantial evidence for local‐to‐regional‐scale, transient, permeability‐generation events that entail permeabilities much higher than these mean k–z relations would suggest. Compilation of such data yields a fit to these elevated, transient values of log k ≈ −11.5–3.2 log z, suggesting a functional form similar to that of tectonically active crust, but shifted to higher permeability at a given depth. In addition, it seems possible that, in the absence of active prograde metamorphism, permeability in the deeper crust will decay toward values below the mean k–z curves. Several lines of evidence suggest geologically rapid (years to 103 years) decay of high‐permeability transients toward background values. Crustal‐scale k–z curves may reflect a dynamic competition between permeability creation by processes such as fluid sourcing and rock failure, and permeability destruction by processes such as compaction, hydrothermal alteration, and retrograde metamorphism.
Reliability of kinematic measures of functional reaching in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: SCHNEIBERG SHEILA , MCKINLEY PATRICIA , GISEL ERIKA , SVEISTRUP HEIDI , LEVIN MINDY F 
Published: February 2010

Aim  The determination of rehabilitation effectiveness in children with cerebral palsy (CP) depends on the metric properties of the outcome measure. We evaluated the reliability of kinematic measures of functional upper limb reaching movements in children with CP.Method  Thirteen children (ten females, three males) with spastic hemiplegic, diplegic, or quadriplegic CP affecting at least one arm (mean age 9y, SD 1.6y; range 6–11y; Manual Ability Classification System [MACS] levels II–IV) were evaluated three times over 5 weeks. The kinematics of the more affected arm reaching to grasp a 2cm3 block placed at three distances from the body midline were analysed. The reliability (test–retest) of six kinematic variables (endpoint trajectory straightness and smoothness, trunk displacement, elbow extension, shoulder horizontal adduction, and shoulder flexion] was tested and expressed as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, model 2,K) and 95% confidence intervals.Results  Trajectory smoothness, trunk displacement, elbow extension, and shoulder flexion (far target) had the highest ICCs (0.82–0.95). Other kinematic variables had moderate (0.50≤ICC≤0.81) or low (0.17–0.38) reliability. Test–retest reliability was task dependent, as reaches required different degrees of trunk displacement and joint excursion.Interpretation  Kinematic variables can be used as outcomes in clinical trials to test upper limb intervention effectiveness on motor performance and movement quality. As kinematic variables are task specific, reliability should be interpreted in the context of task requirements.
Social information processing in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: HUIJBREGTS STEPHAN , JAHJA RIANNE , DE SONNEVILLE LEO , DE BREIJ SASCHA , SWAAB‐BARNEVELD HANNA 
Published: February 2010

Aim  To examine social information processing in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).Method  Thirty‐two children with NF1 (12 males, 20 females; mean age 12y 4mo, SD 4y) and 32 comparison children (12 males, 20 females; mean age 13y 1mo, SD 3y 11mo) completed face recognition, identification of facial emotions (IFE), and matching facial emotions (MFE) tasks. A series of general linear model analyses of variance were used to compare performance between children with NF1 and comparison children.Results  Children with NF1 performed less accurately than comparison children in the face recognition task when faces were presented ‘in profile’ (p=0.05), when fearful expressions had to be identified in IFE (p=0.017), and across conditions in MFE (p=0.009). When quality of cognitive control (i.e. mean standardized scores on tasks measuring working memory and inhibitory control) was introduced to the analyses, differences in face recognition were no longer significant and differences in MFE were largely reduced (p=0.048). Differences in IFE between the comparison group and children with NF1 remained largely intact (fear: p=0.047).Interpretation  Children with NF1 have problems in social information processing, which, in part, appear to be caused by cognitive control deficits. Some of the deficits, however, appear to be caused by deficient bottom‐up processing of social signals (e.g. fear recognition).
Selected neonatal outcomes in dizygotic twins after IVF versus non‐IVF pregnancies
Authors: Källén B , Finnström O , Lindam A , Nilsson E , Nygren K‐G , Olausson P Otterblad 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Källén B, Finnström O, Lindam A, Nilsson E, Nygren K‐G, Otterblad Olausson P. Selected neonatal outcomes in dizygotic twins after IVF versus non‐IVF pregnancies. BJOG 2010;Objective  To compare neonatal outcome among twins conceived after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) with that of spontaneously conceived twins.Design  Comparison of different‐sex (dizygotic) twins born after IVF with non‐IVF dizygotic twins.Setting  National health registers in Sweden.Population  All births in Sweden during the period 1982–2007.Methods  We studied gestational duration, lowest birthweight and birthweight difference in the twin pair, presence of one or two twins with a respiratory complication, and with jaundice in one or both twins. Risk estimates were calculated as odds ratios with adjustments for year of birth, maternal age, parity and smoking in pregnancy.Main outcome measures  Gestational duration, birth weight, respiratory complications, jaundice.Results  We studied 1545 pairs of dizygotic twins born after IVF, and 8675 pairs of dizygotic twins where IVF was not known to have occurred. The risk for preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation was significantly increased among dizygotic twin pairs born after IVF compared with non‐IVF dizygotic twin pairs. No significant difference in low birthweight or birthweight difference within twin pairs was seen. There was an increased occurrence of twin pairs with respiratory problems or jaundice, but only the latter diagnosis occurred in a statistically significant excess.Conclusions  The study confirms recent findings that IVF is associated with an increased risk for some neonatal complications, not only among singletons but also among twins.
Cesarean Section without Medical Reason, 1997 to 2006: A Swedish Register Study
Authors: Karlström Annika , Rådestad Ingela , Eriksson Carola , Rubertsson Christine , Nystedt Astrid , Hildingsson Ingegerd 
Published: February 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Cesarean section performed in the absence of medical indication is of concern in many countries, but studies focusing on its prevalence are inconclusive. The objective of this study was, first, to describe the prevalence of cesarean section without medical reason in terms of the diagnostic code listed in the Swedish Medical Birth Register, and to assess its contribution to the general increase in the number of cesarean sections; and second, to study regional differences and differences in the maternal characteristics of women having a cesarean birth with this diagnostic code.Methods:  Birth records of 6,796 full‐term cesarean sections in two Swedish regions with the diagnostic code O828 were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Descriptive data, t test, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze data.Results:  The rate of cesarean sections without medical indication increased threefold during the 10‐year period, but this finding represents a minor contribution to the general increase in the number of cesarean sections. The diagnostic code O828 was more common in the capital area (p<0.001). Secondary diagnoses were found, the most frequent of which were previous cesarean section and childbirth‐related fear. Regional differences existed concerning prevalence, classification, maternal sociodemographic, obstetric, and health variables.Conclusions:  The rate of cesarean sections without medical reasons in terms of the diagnostic code O828 increased during the period. The prevalence and maternal characteristics differed between the regions. Medical code classification is not explicit when it comes to defining cesarean sections without medical reasons and secondary diagnoses are common. (BIRTH 37:1 March 2010)
Cesarean and Vaginal Birth in Canadian Women: A Comparison of Experiences
Authors: Chalmers Beverley , Kaczorowski Janusz , Darling Elizabeth , Heaman Maureen , Fell Deshayne B. , O’Brien Beverley , Lee Lily ,   for the Maternity Experiences Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System
Published: February 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Many publications have examined the reasons behind the rising cesarean delivery rate around the world. Women’s responses to the Maternity Experiences Survey of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System were examined to explore correlates of having a cesarean section on other experiences surrounding labor, birth, mother‐infant contact, and breastfeeding.Methods:  A randomly selected sample of 8,244 estimated eligible women stratified primarily by province and territory was drawn from the May 2006 Canadian Census. Completed responses were obtained from 6,421 women (78%).Results:  Three‐quarters of the women (73.7%) gave birth vaginally and 26.3 percent by cesarean section, including 13.5 percent with a planned cesarean and 12.8 percent with an unplanned cesarean. In addition to more interventions in labor, women who had a cesarean birth after attempting a vaginal birth had less mother‐infant contact after birth and less optimal breastfeeding practices.Conclusion:  Findings from the Maternity Experiences Survey indicated that women who have cesarean births experience more interventions during labor and birth and have less optimal birthing and early parenting outcomes. (BIRTH 37:1 March 2010)
Effects of Ethanol on Extracellular Levels of Adenosine in the Basal Forebrain: An In Vivo Microdialysis Study in Freely Behaving Rats
Authors: Sharma Rishi , Engemann Samuel C. , Sahota Pradeep , Thakkar Mahesh M. 
Published: February 2010

Background: Adenosine is implicated to play a pivotal role in mediating many neuronal responses to ethanol. While in vitro studies performed in cell culture have demonstrated that acute ethanol exposure increases extracellular adenosine levels, this effect has not been demonstrated, in vivo,in the brain. We performed an in vivo microdialysis study to examine the effects of local ethanol perfusion on extracellular levels of adenosine in the basal forebrain (BF).Methods: Under sterile conditions and using a standard surgical protocol, adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were implanted with unilateral microdialysis guide cannula targeted toward the BF. Following postoperative recovery, the microdialysis probe was inserted. After allowing at least 12 to 16 hours for probe insertion recovery, the experiment was begun. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was perfused (0.7 μl/min) for 80 minutes, and 4 × 20‐minute pre‐ethanol baseline samples were collected. Subsequently, 30, 100, and 300 mM doses of ethanol were perfused. Each ethanol dose was perfused for 80 minutes, and 4 × 20‐minute samples were collected. Finally, aCSF was perfused, and 4 × 20 postethanol samples were collected. Adenosine in the microdialysate was separated and measured with HPLC coupled with an UV detector. On completion, the animals were euthanized, brain removed and processed for histology.Results: Local ethanol perfusion in the BF produced a significant increase in extracellular adenosine with the highest dose of 300 mM ethanol producing a 4‐fold increase. Cresyl violet (Nissl) staining did not indicate any toxic damage in the area surrounding the probe tip. Choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry revealed that all microdialysis probe sites were localized in the BF.Conclusion: Our study is the first to demonstrate that ethanol acts directly in the brain to increase extracellular adenosine.
Consequences of an Adolescent Onset and Persistent Course of Alcohol Dependence in Men: Adolescent Risk Factors and Adult Outcomes
Authors: Hicks Brian M. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt 
Published: February 2010

Background:  While there is an extensive literature on the correlates of alcohol use disorders (AUD; alcohol abuse and dependence), there are relatively few prospective studies of representative birth cohorts that have examined the unique effects of an adolescent onset and persistent course of AUD on a wide range of psychosocial variables.Methods:  A longitudinal, community‐based sample of 530 men was used to examine the impact of an adolescent onset (AUD+ at age 17) and persistent course (AUD+ at age 29) of AUD on adolescent and adult functioning including substance use, antisocial behavior, mental health problems, overall psychosocial functioning, environmental risk and protective factors, and social outcomes such as peer and romantic relationships, marriage, educational and occupational attainment, and parenthood.Results:  An adolescent onset of AUD (n = 57) was associated with severe deficits across multiple domains of psychosocial functioning in adolescence. Measures of behavioral disinhibition in adolescence were strong predictors of a persistent course of AUD (n = 93). Nearly 40% of men with an adolescent onset were able to desist by age 29, and were similar, but not identical to men who never experienced an AUD in terms of adult functioning. Men with an adolescent onset and persistent course of AUD exhibited the most severe deficits in functioning.Conclusion:  Results emphasize the importance of examining developmental course to understand the etiology of AUD. Our findings are optimistic in that individuals who desist from AUD are able to achieve high levels of psychosocial functioning. Our findings suggest that future research on the persistence of AUD into adulthood should focus on the contributions of behavioral disinhibition and social environment variables including peer and romantic relationships.
Efficacy of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Treatment in Men with Erectile Dysfunction and Dyslipidemia: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Vardenafil Statin Study
Authors: Miner Martin M. , Barnes Allison , Janning Stephen 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dyslipidemia occurs often in subjects with erectile dysfunction (ED), but there is little information about how this condition affects ED treatment responses.

Aim
To determine whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio; or the presence of metabolic syndrome influenced efficacy of vardenafil in men with ED and dyslipidemia.

Methods
Post hoc subgroup analysis of a 12-week study of the influence of lipid levels and presence of metabolic syndrome on the efficacy of vardenafil as measured by International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) domain score, responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) SEP2 and SEP3 questions, duration of erection leading to successful intercourse, and erection duration regardless of the answer to SEP3. Lipid values were obtained at study start, after patients had received at least 3 months of therapy with a statin.

Main Outcome Measures
Outcomes in subjects with LDL-C &lt;100, ≥100 to &lt;130, or ≥130 mg/dL [&lt;2.59, ≥2.59 to &lt;3.36, or ≥3.36 mmol/L]; TC/HDL-C ratio &lt;3.5 vs. ≥3.5, and presence or absence of metabolic syndrome.

Results
Vardenafil improved all endpoints evaluated compared with placebo in all subgroups, however, nominally significant treatment by subgroup interaction terms did not follow a distinct pattern. Increasing LDL-C (P = 0.033), but not TC/HDL-C ratio or metabolic syndrome, was associated with an increase in treatment response measured by the IIEF-EF domain score. Responses to SEP3 were nominally influenced by LDL-C levels (P = 0.019), but were not significantly influenced by TC/HDL-C ratio, or the metabolic syndrome. Only higher TC/HDL-C ratios (≥3.5) were associated with larger treatment differences in duration of erection leading to successful intercourse (P = 0.028).

Conclusions
Vardenafil was effective in men with dyslipidemia regardless of LDL-C levels, TC/HDL-C ratio, and/or presence of metabolic syndrome. Despite the known presence of ED and dyslipidemia, other cardiovascular risk factors were apparently not aggressively managed.