bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil conservation beneath grass cover in hillside vineyards under Mediterranean Climatic conditions (Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Marques M. J. , García‐Muñoz S. , Muñoz‐Organero G. , Bienes R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe use of plant cover for soil protection in Mediterranean hillside vineyards may jeopardize the viability of crops due to the scarcity of water under semiarid conditions. Erosion control, soil characteristics and vineyard production were evaluated using three different treatments: (i) traditional tillage as the control group, (ii) soil covered by Brachypodium distachyon and (iii) soil covered by Secale cereale. Such plant cover for soil protection among woody crops is not frequent under semiarid conditions.Sediment yield and runoff were collected from nine (3 treatments × 3 replications) plots of 2 m2. Soil moisture, organic carbon content and aggregate stability were measured for one year. Simulated rainfall on plots was used as a source of complementary data.A reduction of 50% in the production of the vineyard was noticed in the Brachypodium‐treatment, probably due to the lower degree of soil moisture at 35 cm depth. Nevertheless, there was efficient erosion control and the soil's organic carbon content increased. The Secale‐treatment produced more runoff than tillage treatment. Traditional tilling produced the greatest yield, though it is considered unsustainable in the long term for hillside vineyards, as it lost 1059 g m−2y−1, compared to 62 and 70 g m−2y−1 lost in soil covered with Secale and Brachypodium, respectively. A high variability was found in the runoff coefficient, which was usually less than 1% under moderate rainfall, although it reached 45% under extreme events.The blind tasting of wine showed a slight preference for wine produced on vines subject to the Secale treatment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is rainfall erosivity increasing in the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula?
Authors: De Luis M. , González‐Hidalgo J. C. , Longares L. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe risk of erosion and desertification is one of the main environmental concerns in the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula. Changes in precipitation are expected in Mediterranean areas because of climate change, but predictions are not certain. For this reason, dense precipitation databases are required to explore observed changes in the amount, concentration and variability of precipitation, to gain a clearer understanding of the dynamics involved in the main climatological agent of erosion. For this study, we took the recently developed MOPREDAMES dataset, which includes 1113 complete and homogeneous monthly rainfall series from the Mediterranean fringe of the Iberian Peninsula (IP) covering the period 1951–2000. These were used to calculate and analyse trends in Total Annual Precipitation (Pt), the Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) and Modified Fourier Index (MFI). Our results show that, although there were decreases in annual rainfall, increases in the concentration of precipitation also predominated in the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula during the period 1951–2000. However, spatial variability of these trends is high, and changes in rainfall erosivity exhibit a complex spatial pattern. Thus, decreases in rainfall erosivity are detected under semiarid conditions (Central Ebro basin and South East IP), while increases mainly occur in dry and sub‐humid areas. We present a detailed spatial description of the results and discuss their implication for the risk of erosion and desertification in different regions of the study area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global coffee market influence on land‐use and land‐cover change in the Western Ghats Of India
Authors: Ambinakudige S. , Choi J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this study, we used image‐processing techniques to examine the spatial pattern of land‐use and land‐cover (LULC) change that occurred in the coffee growing area in the Western Ghats of India during the international coffee crisis in the 1990s. The study also ascertains the driving forces of these changes using qualitative research methods that include archival studies and interviews of knowledgeable individuals. We analyzed Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) for 1991 and Landsat ETM+ for 2002 to quantify LULC. Historical land‐use changes in different land ownership regimes were also analyzed. Global coffee market fluctuations were found to be the major cause of landscape change in the study region. When the global coffee prices increased, more forested areas were cleared for coffee cultivation. Failure of global coffee market forced farmers to convert land from subsistence farming (rice) to short‐period commercial crops like ginger. This also resulted in land degradation in rice paddies. For the farmers in the Western Ghats, LULC decisions are one of the methods used to cope with the vulnerability created due to the international coffee crisis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building talent: Developing effective leaders is as crucial as ever
Authors: Berke David , Kossler Michael E. , Wakefield Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEven in the midst of economic upheaval, some organizations recognize that making sure they have the right leadership talent in place will help them not only survive but thrive when the economy eventually rebounds. Developing leadership talent requires a systematic approach that begins with the organization's strategic goals and takes into account developmental needs at both the organizational and individual levels.
Fatal attraction: The dangers of leaders flocking together
Authors: Zahra Shaker A. , Eltantawy Reham A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDespite efforts to increase diversity among companies' leaders, a phenomenon known as homophily—the tendency of individuals to like and associate with others who are similar to themselves—remains prevalent. Homophily can have serious implications for leaders and their organizations, jeopardizing morale and stifling innovation and strategic renewal.
Laser wakefield plasma accelerators
Authors: Krushelnick K. , Malka V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOver the past several years there have been significant advances in research towards generating compact relativistic electron beams using high power short pulse laser produced plasmas (i.e., laser wakefield accelerators). In particular, an explosion of interest was generated in this field following the discovery in 2004 of a method to create such beams with low energy spread using a “plasma bubble” shaped wake. Recent work has increased the energy of these beams to the GeV range by extending the acceleration distance from a few millimetres to several centimeters. From both experimental and theoretical work, a more complete understanding of this “plasma bubble” regime for electron acceleration has also been obtained, enabling a significant improvement in the output electron beam quality and stability. There is ongoing work to further improve the parameters and stability of these beams with the goal of constructing “table‐top” 4th generation sources of coherent x‐ray radiation.
Boundary value problems with eigenvalue depending boundary conditions
Authors: Behrndt Jussi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe investigate some classes of eigenvalue dependent boundary value problems of the formequation imagewhereA⊂A+is a symmetric operator or relation in a Krein spaceK,τis a matrix function and Γ0, Γ1are abstract boundary mappings. It is assumed thatAadmits a self‐adjoint extension inKwhich locally has the same spectral properties as a definitizable relation, and thatτis a matrix function which locally can be represented with the resolvent of a self‐adjoint definitizable relation. The strict part ofτis realized as the Weyl function of a symmetric operatorTin a Krein spaceH, a self‐adjoint extensionÃofA×TinK×Hwith the property that the compressed resolventPK(Ã–λ)–1|Kkyields the unique solution of the boundary value problem is constructed, and the local spectral properties of this so‐called linearizationÃare studied. The general results are applied to indefinite Sturm–Liouville operators with eigenvalue dependent boundary conditions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lp(ℝn) boundedness for higher commutators of singular integrals with rough kernels belonging to certain block spaces
Authors: Hou Yanyan , Tang Lin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we prove theLp(ℝn) boundedness for higher commutators of singular integrals with rough kernels belonging to certain block spaces provided that 1 <p< ∞ (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Corings over rings with local units
Authors: Kaoutit L. El 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe show that the bicategory whose 0‐cells are corings over rings with local units is bi‐equivalent to the bicategory of comonads in (right) unital modules whose underlying functors are right exact and preserve direct sums. A base ring extension of a coring by an adjunction is introduced as well (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Estimates of n ‐widths of Besov classes on two‐point homogeneous manifolds
Authors: Kushpel A. K. , Levesley J. , Tozoni S. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEstimates of Kolmogorov and linear n ‐widths of Besov classes on compact globally symmetric spaces of rank 1 (i.e., on Sd, Pd (ℝ), Pd (ℂ), Pd (ℍ), P16(Cay)) are established. It is shown that these estimates have sharp orders in different important cases. A new characterisation of Besov spaces is also given (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Orbits of Cesàro type operators
Authors: León–Saavedra F. , Piqueras–Lerena A. , Seoane–Sepúlveda J. B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA bounded linear operator T on a Banach space X is called hypercyclic if there exists a vector x ∈ X such that its orbit, {Tnx }, is dense in X. In this paper we show hypercyclic properties of the orbits of the Cesàro operator defined on different spaces. For instance, we show that the Cesàro operator defined on Lp [0, 1] (1 < p < ∞) is hypercyclic. Moreover, it is chaotic and it has supercyclic subspaces. On the other hand, the Cesàro operator defined on other spaces of functions behave differently. Motivated by this, we study weighted Cesàro operators and different degrees of hypercyclicity are obtained. The proofs are based on the classical Müntz–Szász theorem. We also propose problems and give new directions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identifying the best companies for leaders: does it lead to higher returns?
Authors: Filbeck Greg , Gorman Raymond F. , Zhao Xin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSince 2002, Chief Executive magazine, in conjunction with the Hay Group, has published a list of the Top 20 Companies for Leaders. In this paper, we examine the performance of those companies listed as being the best for leaders. We examine the announcement impact on share price associated with the press releases for firms included in the list and holding period returns between subsequent survey releases. While we generally do not find a significant difference in the performance of the Best Leader sample compared with either the market or the matched sample, we do find that the Best Leader sample outperforms other benchmarks on a raw and risk‐adjusted basis during times of high market volatility. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFT‐GIAO 1H and 13C NMR prediction of chemical shifts for the configurational assignment of 6β‐hydroxyhyoscyamine diastereoisomers
Authors: Muñoz Marcelo A. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro 
Published: April 2009

Abstract1H and 13C NMR chemical shift calculations using the density functional theory–gauge including/invariant atomic orbitals (DFT–GIAO) approximation at the B3LYP/6‐311G++(d,p) level of theory have been used to assign both natural diastereoisomers of 6β‐hydroxyhyoscyamine. The theoretical chemical shifts of the 1H and 13C atoms in both isomers were calculated using a previously determined conformational distribution, and the theoretical and experimental values were cross‐compared. For protons, the obtained average absolute differences and root mean square (rms) errors for each comparison showed that the experimental chemical shifts of dextrorotatory and levorotatory 6β‐hydroxyhyoscyamines correlated well with the theoretical values calculated for the (3R,6R,2′S) and (3S,6S,2′S) configurations, respectively, whereas for 13C atoms the calculations were unable to differentiate between isomers. The nature of the relatively large chemical shift differences observed in nuclei that share similar chemical environments between isomers was asserted from the same calculations. It is shown that the anisotropic effect of the phenyl group in the tropic ester moiety, positioned under the tropane ring, has a larger shielding effect over one ring side than over the other one. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Danon disease: Further clinical and molecular heterogeneity
Authors: Sabourdy Frédérique , Michelakakis Helen , Anastasakis Aris , Garcia Virginie , Mavridou Irene , Nieto Michèle , Pons Marie‐Claude , Skiadas Constantinos , Moraitou Marina , Manta Panagiota , Elleder Milan , Levade Thierry 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo families of Greek patients with subclinical to severe cardiomyopathy are presented. The diagnosis of Danon disease was supported by a total lack of LAMP2 immunostaining in cultured skin fibroblasts and muscle biopsies. The LAMP2 mutation carried by one patient (c.928G>A) has already been reported but with different symptoms. The second patient had a novel point deletion. This has not been described previously, but it could be detected easily by restriction analysis. This mutation was also found in the patient's brother, and it was associated with severe cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure. Surprisingly, the proband also had partial reduction of α‐galactosidase A activity, despite the absence of characteristic clinical features of Fabry disease. A substitution in the GLA gene (c.937G>T) was found, and its involvement in the cardiac disease is discussed. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Myasthenia gravis associated with etanercept therapy
Authors: Fee Dominic B. , Kasarskis Edward J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEtanercept is an antagonist of tumor necrosis factor alpha that was developed to treat rheumatoid arthritis. In this report we present a patient who developed myasthenia gravis while taking etanercept and had resolution of symptoms after stopping it. This is the first report of this potential side effect and is of additional interest, because etanercept has been proposed as a treatment for myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve, 2009
A large‐scale linear programming model for finding optimal container inspection strategies
Authors: Boros E. , Fedzhora L. , Kantor P. B. , Saeger K. , Stroud P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCargo ships arriving at US ports are inspected for unauthorized materials. Because opening and manually inspecting every container is costly and time‐consuming, tests are applied to decide whether a container should be opened. By utilizing a polyhedral description of decision trees, we develop a large‐scale linear programming model for sequential container inspection that determines an optimal inspection strategy under various limitations, improving on earlier approaches in several ways: (a) we consider mixed strategies and multiple thresholds for each sensor, which provide more effective inspection strategies; (b) our model can accommodate realistic limitations (budget, sensor capacity, time limits, etc.), as well as multiple container types; (c) our model is computationally more tractable allowing us to solve cases that were prohibitive in preceding models, and making it possible to analyze the potential impact of new sensor technologies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Level set topology optimization of fluids in Stokes flow
Authors: Challis Vivien J. , Guest James K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe propose the level set method of topology optimization as a viable, robust and efficient alternative to density‐based approaches in the setting of fluid flow. The proposed algorithm maintains the discrete nature of the optimization problem throughout the optimization process, leading to significant advantages over density‐based topology optimization algorithms. Specifically, the no‐slip boundary condition is implemented directly—this is accurate, removes the need for interpolation schemes and continuation methods, and gives significant computational savings by only requiring flow to be modeled in fluid regions. Topological sensitivity information is utilized to give a robust algorithm in two dimensions and familiar two‐dimensional power dissipation minimization problems are solved successfully. Computational efficiency of the algorithm is also clearly demonstrated on large‐scale three‐dimensional problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Displacement‐based finite elements with nodal integration for Reissner–Mindlin plates
Authors: Castellazzi G. , Krysl P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn assumed‐strain finite element technique is presented for shear‐deformable (Reissner–Mindlin) plates. The weighted residual method (reminiscent of the strain–displacement functional) is used to enforce weakly the balance equation with the natural boundary condition and, separately, the kinematic equation (the strain–displacement relationship). The a priori satisfaction of the kinematic weighted residual serves as a condition from which strain–displacement operators are derived via nodal integration, for linear triangles, and quadrilaterals, and also for quadratic triangles. The degrees of freedom are only the primitive variables: transverse displacements and rotations at the nodes. A straightforward constraint count can partially explain the insensitivity of the resulting finite element models to locking in the thin‐plate limit. We also construct an energy‐based argument for the ability of the present formulation to converge to the correct deflections in the limit of the thickness approaching zero. Examples are used to illustrate the performance with particular attention to the sensitivity to element shape and shear locking. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Well Woman Program: A community‐based randomized trial to prevent sexually transmitted infections in low‐income African American women
Authors: Marion Lucy N. , Finnegan Lorna , Campbell Richard T. , Szalacha Laura A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention study, we compared the efficacy of the Well Woman Program (WWP), a nurse practitioner‐directed, culturally specific, intensive intervention, to minimal intervention (MI), brief lecture, and referral to usual care, in a community‐based randomized controlled trial. African American women having past STIs and residing in high‐risk communities were randomly assigned to the two groups. STI outcome was measured at baseline and three later points. A random effects logistic longitudinal regression model showed that, at baseline, approximately 75% of participants tested positive for an STI, predominantly trichomoniasis. At month 15, the estimated probability of a WWP participant having an STI was 20% less than an MI participant. Better STI outcomes were due to the intensive individualized intervention. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:274–285, 2009
Social welfare needs of residents in polluted areas: A case of Dioxin pollution in southern Taiwan
Authors: Lee Tsuey‐Ping , Yang Yungnane , Tung Chien‐Hung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article defines the social welfare needs of residents living in a severely polluted community by examining a set of communities around the An‐shun plant in southern Taiwan that were polluted by dioxin. The study examines the inhabitants' economic status, the communities' manpower utilization, and the prevention of social contingencies and the provision of aftercare. A survey conducted between March–April 2008 revealed the need to reduce poverty in these highly polluted communities, to identify and maximize each community's human resources, to address illness, aging, pollution, and lack of professional skills, and to better inform residents about pollution so that they can understand how to protect themselves. The article concludes with suggested programs to meet the social welfare needs of residents in a highly polluted community. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wilms tumor, AML and medulloblastoma in a child with cancer prone syndrome of total premature chromatid separation and Fanconi anemia
Authors: Sari Neriman , Akyuz Canan , Aktas Dilek , Gumruk Fatma , Orhan Diclehan , Alikasifoglu Mehmet , Aydin Burca , Alanay Yasemin , Buyukpamukcu Munevver 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWilms tumor (WT) is the most common primary renal tumor in childhood. The occurrence of WT in patients with growth retardation, mental retardation and central nervous system abnormalities in association with premature chromatid separation (PCS) and mosaic variegated aneuploidy has been previously described in only 10 patients. Here we report the very rare occurrence of WT with two other malignancies, acute myeloid leukemia and medulloblastoma in association with chromosomal instability. This is a novel presentation of Fanconi anemia with this cytogenetic abnormality. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:208–210. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Death and serious illness following influenza vaccination: a multidisciplinary investigation
Authors: Rue‐Cover Alison , Iskander John , Lyn Shauna , Burwen Dale R. , Gargiullo Paul , Shadomy Sean , Blostein Joel , Bridges Carolyn B. , Haber Penina , Satzger R. Duane , Ball Robert , Seward Jane F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate a possible association between influenza vaccination and four deaths and four serious illnesses among 114 recent influenza vaccinees in a long‐term care facility (LTCF) and two deaths from a nearby physician's office. All had received vaccine from the same lot (Lot A).MethodsField investigation including (1) a retrospective cohort study among LTCF residents who received Lot A or other influenza vaccine, (2) review of medical records of cases of death or serious illness, (3) active surveillance of deaths among 1500 community based Lot A vaccinees and (4) laboratory testing of vaccine from available Lot A vials.ResultsMedical record reviews showed no common clinical syndrome or cause of death. Laboratory testing of Lot A samples revealed no evidence of tampering and no differences compared to an unrelated lot. The risk of death or hospitalization was not significantly different between persons who received Lot A versus a comparison lot, Lot B (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.9, 95%CI = 0.3–3.3).ConclusionsThere was no clinical or biological evidence pointing to inherent vaccine safety issues, nor was there a detectable increased risk of death or hospitalization among persons vaccinated with Lot A. Lot specific clustering of adverse events (AEs) may reflect medical events causally unrelated to vaccination. Rapid investigations of potential AEs are important to ensure vaccine safety and to maintain public and healthcare provider confidence in vaccines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.