bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Two-Sample Two-Stage Least Squares Method to Estimate the Intergenerational Earnings Elasticity
Authors: Cortes Javier , Diaz Juan , Cubillos Pablo Gutiérrez , Troncoso Pablo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We show that the inconsistency of the Two-Sample Two-Stage Least Squares (TSTSLS) Intergenerational Earnings Elasticity (IGE) estimator is a two-way prediction problem involving the replication of (i) the variance of unseen parental earnings, and (ii) the endogeneity of unseen parental earnings in the equation of children's earnings. Concretely, we show that the TSTSLS estimator asymptotically recovers the OLS IGE when the first-stage R-squared, i.e., the share of explained variance of parental earnings, equals the share of explained endogeneity of parental earnings in the child's earnings equation. This condition leads to two notable outcomes with respect to previous findings in the literature: (i) perfect prediction of parental earnings is a specific instance of our condition, indicating that consistency can be attained even when parental earnings are predicted imperfectly; and (ii) exogenous instruments alone are insufficient to guarantee asymptotic equivalence between TSTSLS and OLS IGE estimates. Furthermore, our condition suggests that strong first-stage instruments might amplify TSTSLS bias if they are also strongly endogenous in the child's earnings equation. This last result provides a formal criterion for choosing first-stage predictors under the assumption that TSTSLS IGE estimates exhibit upward bias. Additionally, we theoretically study the biases of the two-sample stochastic multiple imputation and cell multiple imputation (MI) procedures, identifying conditions under which MI procedures outperform the traditional TSTSLS estimator. Finally, we validate our results through an empirical Monte Carlo exercise using administrative data from the Chilean formal private sector.
JEL Classification: J31, J61, J62.
IoT networks attack detection using CFD learning framework
Authors: Singh Krishna Kumar , Mahapatra Madhumita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This research proposes a new Federated Deep Learning Framework specifically designed to safeguard Internet of Things networks by effectively identifying Wormhole Attacks. The framework embarks on a comprehensive pre-processing journey that includes various strategies for handling missing data, implementing Winsorizing for outlier management, and utilising the Min-Max scaling technique for normalisation. As authors delve into the framework's core, an advanced feature extraction phase unfolds. This phase leverages a wide range of categories, such as Temporal Features extracted through a combination of Long Short-Term Memory networks and Feedforward Neural Networks, Statistical Features consisting of Median Absolute Deviation, mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis, Database-based Features encompassing Packet Rate and Packet Size Distribution, Correlation-based Features obtained through Cross-Correlation analysis, and behavioral Features that reveal communication patterns, frequency of interactions, and deviations from everyday routines. The framework embarks on a comprehensive pre-processing journey that includes various strategies for handling missing data, implementing Winsorizing for outlier management, and utilising the Min-Max scaling technique for normalisation. As we delve into the framework's core, an advanced feature extraction phase unfolds. This phase leverages a wide range of categories, such as Temporal Features extracted through a combination of Long Short-Term Memory networks and Feedforward Neural Networks, Statistical Features consisting of Median Absolute Deviation, mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis, Database-based Features encompassing Packet Rate and Packet Size Distribution, Correlation-based Features obtained through Cross-Correlation analysis, and Behavioral Features that reveal communication patterns, frequency of interactions, and deviations from everyday routines.
Choosing fit-for-purpose biodiversity impact indicators in agriculture
Authors: Rabeschini Gabriela , Persson Martin , West Chris , Kastner Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Understanding and acting on biodiversity loss requires robust assessment tools that link biodiversity impacts to land use (LU) change. Here we estimate agriculture’s impact on biodiversity using three approaches —countryside-Species Area Relationship (cSAR), Species Threat Abatement and Restoration (STAR) and Species Habitat Index (SHI)— for the Brazilian Cerrado, to assess how indicator choice affects impact assessments and resulting decision-support. All indicators show biodiversity has become increasingly under pressure due to agriculture expansion. Results suggest that metrics are complementary, providing distinctly different insight into biodiversity change drivers and impacts. Meaningful applications of biodiversity indicators therefore require compatibility between focal questions and indicator choice, in terms of the temporal, spatial and ecological perspectives on impact and drivers being offered. ‘Backward-looking’ analyses focused on historical LU transformation and accountability are best served by cSAR and SHI. ‘Forward-looking’ analyses of impact risk hotspots and mitigation of global extinctions are best served by STAR
Partnering with non-physician team members for telehealth hypertension management, a pilot implementation and effectiveness mixed-methods evaluation of quality improvement
Authors: Shah Shreya , Brown-Johnson Cati , Safaeinili Nadia , Winget Marcy , Mahoney Megan , Shaw Jonathan , Harris Sonia , Veruttipong Darlene , Tippett Vicki , Phadke Anuradha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Treatment and control of hypertension remains suboptimal, and health systems are increasingly trying to address hypertension with strategies combining multiple interventions.
Objective
The purpose of this pilot study was to examine implementation outcomes and an effectiveness outcome of BP control for a quality improvement project focused on multifaceted hypertension intervention.
Design, Setting, and Participants:
The project was implemented at a single primary care clinic within an academic medical center. Components of the multifaceted intervention included clinical team capacity-building and a longitudinal telehealth health coaching delivered by medical assistants (MAs) and a clinical pharmacist.
Approach:
We assessed Proctor’s implementation outcomes of adoption, acceptability, fidelity, and feasibility and sustainability. Quantitative data included process participation and self-reported BP readings. Qualitative data originated from interviews and debriefing sessions with clinical team members.
Key Results:
There was a difference between the mean pre-intervention and post-intervention systolic BP (p = 0.01,n = 13). Our implementation results showed mixed adoption and acceptability. Outreach to 236 patients required to achieve goal enrollment of 30, and of those just 16 participated in health coaching. Acceptability was limited by MA stress and technology barriers. Fidelity was supported by the structured health education session, and health coaching tools and training. Feasible and potential sustainability was achieved with some barriers, primarily related to the need for additional MA training, time and resources. Opportunities exist to further promote MA engagement and training through peer learning initiatives that may also positively impact self-efficacy and empowerment.
Conclusions
We found a novel telehealth hypertension management pilot improved hypertension care – with minimal expanded clinic resources and no impact on primary care physician access. Redesigning care delivery to extend the primary care team to include non-physician staff such as MAs with remote patient monitoring for blood pressure and seamless integration of technology and human-components of complex interventions, can help inform future team-based care initiatives for hypertension.
Toward the complexities of the development and validation process of digital health interventions for the symptom management for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A scoping review based on the UK Medical Research Council Framework
Authors: ZHENG Xutong , YANG Zhen , LIU Shu , LI Yuqian , WANG Aiping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) presents a growing global health issue with a complex symptom phenotype, negatively impacting patients' health-related quality of life and increasing healthcare utilization. While digital health interventions offer promising avenues for improving symptom management in CKD, understanding their development, validation, and effectiveness is crucial for clinical application.
Objective: To comprehensively map the existing literature on the development and validation processes of digital health interventions aimed at managing symptoms in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), using the UK Medical Research Council's complex intervention framework as a guiding lens. This scoping review aims to identify gaps, challenges, and prospects in this domain, thereby informing future research endeavours and clinical practice guidelines for developing and implementing effective digital health interventions for CKD symptom management.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and others, covering literature up to December 2023. Studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria focusing on digital health interventions for CKD symptom management.
Results: The search yielded 31 studies, with a mix of development and validation studies, predominantly from developed countries. The review highlights the potential of digital interventions in enhancing symptom management, quality of life, and patient engagement in CKD care. However, gaps were identified as follows: 1) Iterative refinement cycles involving multidisciplinary stakeholders enhanced intervention acceptability and usability should be guaranteed, 2) Theory-driven and evidence-based approaches were underutilized in current intervention development, 3) Long-term implementation outcomes and process evaluations were rarely assessed. This review maps an evolving landscape where digital health interventions offer patient-centric solutions for CKD symptom management while highlighting opportunities for methodological advancements.
Conclusion: Digital health interventions hold promise for improving symptom management in CKD, yet more research is needed to overcome current limitations and fully realize their potential. Future studies should focus on patient-centred designs, comprehensive validation processes, exploring the underlying mechanism using process evaluation and the integration of these technologies into routine clinical practice.
Alterations of bone proteins in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Schubert Andrea , Brockmeyer Phillipp , Kauffmann Philipp , Wiegel Jan , Lautenbacher Florian , Miosge Nicolai , Schminke Boris 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Changes in the protein pattern of osteoblastic lineage cells from the alveolar bone during medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw have rarely been investigated. This lack of information is partly due to the limited availability of healthy samples and the lack of human alveolar bone cell lines for research. The aim of the present study was to investigate bone proteins collagen 1, RUNX2 and RANKL in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we established the necessary cell lines of osteoblastic lineage cells from the alveolar bone. Methods: We used immunohistochemistry to describe the protein pattern in vivo. For cell culture, osteoblastic lineage cells from the alveolar bone were treated with zoledronate or denosumab and analyzed by immunocytochemistry and western blots. Results: Collagen 1 is decreased in vivo in patients with MRONJ and in vitro by influence of denosumab. Zoledronate is able to reduce RUNX2 in vitro. While RANKL is not significant affected in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: The results of the present study will help us elucidate the cellular mechanisms of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Although culture of osteoblastic lineage cells from the alveolar bone with zoledronate and denosumab significantly altered the protein pattern, future research is needed to examine the effects of bone scaffolds, biofilms and more cell types mimicking in vivo conditions.
Phytohormones methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) up-regulates growth and PS II photochemistry in brinjal and tomato seedlings exposed to cadmium toxicity
Authors: Singh Varunendra Kumar , Vimal Shobhit Raj , Prasad Sheo Mohan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Cadmium (cd) toxicity has become a major threat to the crop productivity and vegetables appeared to be on major risk. In present study, the potential of methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 0.015 µM) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA 15 µM) was explored to alleviate the cd toxicity (12 µM) in tomato and brinjal seedlings. Cd declined fresh dry mass by 21% and 18% in tomato seedlings and 27% and 25% in brinjal seedlings. Cd significantly damage pigments contents (Chl a, Chl b and Car), PS II photochemistry (Chl a fluorescence kinetics) and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters in both seedlings. Furthermore, Cd exacerbated oxidative biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, POD and GST in both the seedlings. Phytohormones MeJA and GABA application to seedlings led to significant declined Cd uptake, oxidative biomarkers, antioxidative enzymes activity and up-regulation in leaves gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic performance and seedlings growth parameters. Additionally, biosynthetic inhibitors diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DIECA) of MeJA and 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) of GABA further raised Cd uptake, thereby excessive increase in oxidative biomarkers worsened Cd toxicity on photosynthesis, hence growth was greatly reduced. Thus, the study concludes that as compared to brinjal seedlings, tomato showed greater tolerance to Cd toxicity, and GABA plays a crucial role in mitigating the Cd toxicity, however, GABA and MeJA together more efficiently alleviated the toxicity.
SCD-YOLO: A Novel Object Detection Method for Efficient Road Crack Detection
Authors: Ding Kuiye , Ding Zhenhui , Zhang Zengbin , Yuan Mao , Ma Guangxiao , Lv Guohua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Timely detection of road cracks is crucial for reducing traffic accident risks, extending road lifespan, and improving transportation efficiency. This study introduces a novel object detection method, named Shift-Wise Cross-Scale Dynamic Head YOLO (SCD-YOLO), tailored specifically for road crack detection. SCD-YOLO builds upon the YOLOv8n architecture and seamlessly integrates the Shift-Wise Convolutional Feature extraction module (SWC2f), Cross-Scale Attention Fusion Module (CCAFM) for feature fusion, and Dynamic Head (Dyhead) detection module to enhance its structure. Inspired by the Shift-Wise Operator, this study devises and implements the SWC2f module, significantly expanding the receptive field and enhancing feature extraction efficiency through sparse mechanism and shift standard convolution. Furthermore, this study incorporates Channel Fusion Deformable Convolution within the CCAF module, effectively blending multi-scale features and enhancing the model's representation capability. Additionally, the Dyhead framework substantially enhances localization and classification accuracy by integrating multiple self-attention mechanisms, thus yielding more precise results for road crack detection. Moreover, this study employs the latest RDD2022 dataset and conducts extensive data augmentation to ensure the model's generalizability and robustness across diverse road damage scenarios and geographic regions. Experimental findings reveal a 4.1\% enhancement in mean average precision (mAP) with only a marginal increase in computational cost for the proposed SCD-YOLO. Compared to current mainstream object detection algorithms, SCD-YOLO demonstrates superior performance, affirming its efficacy in road crack detection. This study not only presents an efficient and accurate method for road crack detection but also offers novel insights and directions for related research fields.
Exploring Sterilizer Performance Through External Biological Indicator Testing: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Vatanparast Bahar , Buitrago Juan M. , Siqueira Michelle F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Quality assurance policies mitigate the risk of nosocomial infections from dental office instrument sterilization by assessing sterilizer performance through biological indicator (BI) testing. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of failed sterilization cycles and their causes of failure for a period of eight years through database analysis of a quality assurance laboratory in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada.
Methods
A database of BIs (n = 198,771) performed by an independent quality assurance laboratory from 2015–2022 was analyzed. Dental offices (n = 362) inserted Sporview® Biological Sterility Indicators strips in full sterilizer loads and mailed the processed BI tests to an external quality assurance laboratory for analysis. Samples were assessed based on a colorimetric method checking for changes in color and turbidity. Data was treated and statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 28.0.
Results
The overall failure rate throughout the study was 0.20%, and it decreased gradually from 0.51% (2015) to 0.15% (2022). On average, retests were conducted within 2 days of failure notification. The preferred method of processing was steam sterilization (98%), which had a steadily increasing utilization over time and displays a statistically lower failure rate (0.20%) as opposed to dry heat (1.30%) and chemical vapor (1.40%) sterilizers. Most BI failures were attributable to human error (91.80%), and mechanical malfunctions were significantly more likely to occur with dry heat or chemical vapor sterilizers (p < .001).
Conclusion
This study significantly contributes to the understanding of dental sterilizer performance in Canada. The low and decreasing sterilizer failure rates over the study period indicate safe dental office procedures and reduced potential for disease transmissions. The study highlights the effectiveness of steam sterilizers with remarkably low failure rates, while human error remains the primary cause of failures. Further research should focus on identifying factors leading to human error and interventions to minimize sterilization failures in dental settings.
Practice of Preoperative Patient Care among Nurses Working In Surgical Units of Specialized Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Lonsako Deginat Tesfaye , Geda Biftu , Gobena Tesfaye , Foga Sisay , Kechine Temesgen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Preoperative patient care is preparing patient physically and psychologically for surgical procedure and recovery in the postoperative period. More than Four million peoples die worldwide within 30 days of surgery each year. Poor assessment and management of risk factors were prone to adverse postoperative outcomes. Literatures indicate that the implementation of a preoperative care minimizes post operative complications through risk assessment of surgical patients. Even though some studies conducted across the globe on preoperative care; As far as my search only limited studies were conducted on preoperative care in Ethiopia
Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was employed among 366 randomly selected nurses of southern Ethiopian Specialized hospitals. The data was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Both descriptive and inferential analysis were done, all covariates that were significant at p-value < 0.25 in binary logistic regression analysis were considered for further multivariable logistic regression analysis and the results were declared as statistically significant at P < 0.05 using odds ratio and 95% CI.
Result: From the finding of this study the prevalence of poor practice of preoperative patient care among surgical unit nurse in three southern Ethiopian Specialized hospitals were AOR 45.4% (95% CI: 39.9, 50.3 ) and AOR 61.4% (95% CI: 54.5, 71.7) by self-administered and observational check list respectively. Being diploma nurses AOR 8.55(95% CI: 4.56, 16.02), professional experience of less than 6years AOR 3.01(95% CI: 1.45, 6.25), Poor knowledge of nurses AOR 2.78(95% CI:1.52, 5.08), Work over load of nurses 2.95(95% CI: 1.36, 6.41), Resources unavailable AOR 2.36(95% CI: 1.34, 4.14), and Job attributes factors AOR 3.51(95% CI: 1.77, 6.97) were factors significantly associated with poor practice of nurses.
Conclusion: In this study, nearly two-third and nearly half of nurses working in surgical units of southern Ethiopian comprehensive specialized hospitals have poor practice of preoperative care using observational check list and self administered questionnaire respectively. Being diploma nurse, less than 6 years of professional seniority, poor knowledge of nurses, work over load to nurses, resource unavailability, and job attributes were significantly associated with poor practice of preoperative nurse. The hospitals administrator’s need to enhance nurse’s knowledge and avail resources.
Esophago-jejunal anastomosis with open approach using the parachute technique to prioritize safety after resection of esophagogastric junction cancer
Authors: Higuchi Tadashi , Niihara Masahiro , Minoura Hiroyuki , Harada Hiroki , Chuman Motohiro , Washio Marie , Sakuraya Mikiko , Kumagai Koshi , Kumamoto Yusuke , Naitoh Takeshi , Yamashita Keishi , Hiki Naoki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The appropriate extent of resection for esophagogastric junction cancer and the method of surgical approach remain controversial. This study aimed to assess the safety and outcomes of the parachute technique, which is an open transhiatal reconstruction method that facilitates stable reconstruction.
Materials and methods
The surgical outcomes of 20 consecutive patients who underwent open lower- esophagogastrectomy for EGJ cancer at Kitasato University Hospital from June 2019 to July 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.
Surgical procedure (parachute technique):
The esophagus was transected, and a purse-string suture was placed at the stump. Then, a fixing string was placed. Hence, the mucosa, muscular layer, and adventitia, including the string of the purse-string suture, were not displaced. By placing approximately 10 stay sutures around the whole esophageal stump, the esophageal stump can be opened to the maximum diameter. Then, insert the anvil head into the esophagus lumen while laying it sideways, and it can be put on smoothly without stress.
Results
In total, there were 17 and 3, male and female patients, respectively. The median esophageal invasion length was 12.5 (0–30) mm. One patient presented with cStage I EGJ cancer, four with cStage II, 14 with cStage III, and one with cStage IV. In terms of postoperative complications, three (15%) patients developed grade II intra-abdominal fluid correction according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. However, none of the patients presented with anastomotic leakage.
Conclusions
The parachute technique can be a safe and effective reconstruction technique as it does not cause anastomotic leakage.