bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les lois et la politique de l'avortement en Indonésie : un dilemme pour les femmes ?
Authors: Udasmoro Wening 
Published: September 2009

Wening Udasmoro
Two laws regulate abortion in Indonesia today. Firstly, an existing article of the penal code that prohibits abortion in any case. Secondly, the recent Law on Health of 1992 that authorizes abortion for medical reasons. However, in practice, abortion is also accorded to married women whose contraception failed and this abortion can only be carried out in the clinics belonging to the Indonesian Family Planning Association (the PKBI). In this article, the author underlines particularly the negative effects of the legislation and the government policy on abortion which in fact deprive women of their rights to have their body at their own disposal.
Figures of speech : the picture of Aidos
Authors: Ferrari Gloria 
Published: September 2009

Figures of Speech: thepicture ofAidos (pp. 185-203)
Cet essai pose qu'il existe une relation précise entre le système visuel de l'imagerie et le système du langage, et que le lien se situe au niveau des métaphores, où la liaison du mot et de l'image rend «apparentes» et compréhensibles des notions abstraites. L'étude est centrée sur une figure particulière, le manteau qui enveloppe complètement un personnage, ne laissant apparaître que la tête et les pieds. On interprète cette figure comme expression de l'aidos, comme une image-métaphore représentant l'aidos sous forme de couverture et d'abri. Un examen des images littéraires où figure le mot révèle que dans les textes écrits le manteau apparaît également comme véhicule d'une métaphore, où il est le signe, non point d'une personne ayant de l'aidos mais de l'aidos même.
L'Esthétique de Galien
Authors: Pigeaud Jackie 
Published: September 2009

L'Esthétique de Galîen (pp. 9-42)
Interroger un médecin sur son esthétique peut sembler étrange. Galien n'est pas seulement médecin, philosophe, rhéteur. Il est aussi un grand rêveur, un poète; sa quête du Beau est inséparable de sa recherche anatomique. C'est ce que Daremberg appelle sa pensée sublime. C'est en même temps une entreprise théologique, qui coïncide parfaitement avec le projet esthétique. On peut penser que sans cette idée grandiose l'énergie eût pu manquer à Galien. Il y a de la rationalité, de l'ordre et de la beauté jusqu'au tréfonds du corps; de l'organisation dans le bourbier. Il fallait croire, comme Galien, que dans ce bourbier il y a distinctio, utilitas, pulchritudo, et ordo, (selon des termes cicéroniens décrivant le monde), pour que la connaissance des profondeurs du corps humain fût possible. Il fallait cette foi que Galien transmit à Vésale.
Aristote et la question du langage animal
Authors: Labarrière Jean-Louis 
Published: September 2009

Aristote et la question du langage animal (pp. 247-260)
La question du "langage animal" est encore aujourd'hui l'une des plus controversées: quel peut être l'enseignement d'Aristote sur ce point ? Malgré une différence fortement affirmée entre le logos et hphônê, qui pourrait laisser entendre que seul le logos est un langage, Aristote n'aurait-il pas jeté les bases d'une telle notion? L'auteur appuie son argumentation en faisant non seulement appel à la "psycho-linguistique" du Stagirite, mais encore à un argument d'odre physiologique reposant sur la double fonction de la langue.
L'apologie d'Apollon dans Hérodote, 1,91
Authors: Pucci Pietro 
Published: September 2009

L'apologie d'Apollon dans Hérodote, 1, 91 (pp. 7-20)
L'analyse formelle des oracles d'Apollon à Crésus montre l'élaboration subtile de ces prophéties et la fonction qu'Apollon assume en tant que Moiragètes. L'ironie de la réponse de la Pythie, soulignée par l'épithète "le retors" qui qualifie Apollon, pourrait soit suggérer le caractère romanesque de l'épisode, soit révéler l'inévitable aveuglement des humains devant les signes divins. Cette seconde interprétation paraît la plus forte.
Le chant-miroir des Sirènes
Authors: Iriarte Ana 
Published: September 2009

Le chant-miroir des Sirènes (pp. 147-159)
"Le chant-miroir des Sirènes" propose une relecture du passage, toujours suggestif, de l'Odyssée dans lequel Ulysse dépasse victorieusement l'île des Sirènes tout en succombant au charme de la voix prometteuse de celles-ci. Le chant des vierges-oiseaux s'y prétend comparable à celui de la Muse iliadique, ce qui a inspiré de nombreux commentaires sur ces figures en tant que Muses de l'Hadès et que représentations de l'oubli. En relativisant la désignation de ce chant comme amnésique, on a voulu souligner combien sa nature se conforme aux caractéristiques du personnage auquel il s'adresse: un Ulysse pris entre le souvenir des valeurs guerrières, source de κλέος, et le compromis du retour au foyer.
Bornes du territoire ou marques de propritété. Appendice
Authors: Sartre Maurice 
Published: September 2009

The watercolours reproduced below, which have not pre- viously been published, were done by W.J. Bankes in 1816, and are his copies of paintings on the walls of a tomb near Sidon which has since been destroyed. Bankes' plan of the tomb is also reproduced below and his description of it is quoted. The first part of this article outlines the circumstances in which the tomb was discovered and su~mmarises events which followed. Part II deals with the
iconography and nomenclature of the paintings which show six servants carrying the dishes of a funeral feast towards the master of the house, who is flanked by two female figures. The six servants are named in Greek. Part III
presents a more detailed description and analysis of the
decor of the tomb, comoares its characteristics with those
decor of the tomb, compares its characteristics with those
of other painted tombs in the near east and discusses the
probable dating of its paintings and decoration.
Some of the drawings done by W.J. Bankes in Southern
Remarques sur les temples de Hebrân et de Sleim (Syrie du Sud) dessinés par W.J. Bankes (1786-1855)
Authors: Dentzer-Feydy Jacqueline 
Published: September 2009

Syria provide information about antique buildings ruined
partially or completely during the last decade of the XlXth
century. Among them, the view of the facade of the tem-
pie at Hebran stands out because it differs from the graph-
ic restoration proposed one century later by H.C. Butler.
At Sleim, Bankes observed a well-preserved state of the
pronaos of the temple.
This research is about with the funerary areas of the vil-
Les temples de Ma'in et du Jawf (Yémen): état de la question
Authors: Breton J.-F. 
Published: September 2009

The site of Ma'ih, the antique Qarnawu and former capital
of the Minean State, is situated in the Jawf depression,
some 100 kilometres northeast of Sanaa. Some of its
temples are known since the mid- 19th cent, but remain
still unearthed. During the works carried out by the French
Archaeological Mission between 1980 and 1985, new
buildings near Kamna, al-Baydà' and Khirbat Hamdân
were surveyed. Between 1988 and 1992, the two
excavated temples of 'Athtar dhû-Risaf in as-Sawdâ' and
Nakrah in Barâqish provided impressive architectural and
chronological information, allowing new interpretations of
the religious architecture in this area.
Les représentations de temples et sanctuaires sur les monnaies romaines de Décapole et d'Arabie
Authors: Chretien-Happe Isabelle 
Published: September 2009

~J6 JlSL^JLJ ^jUjtil JudJI SûIpI Jl>-Î ja jJcs> ÂjIjJI J i-.ljjJl <Ji» tJJuj .oall J ÂJaJ^
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H
ilbert Transform, Envelope, Instantaneous Phase, and Frequency
Authors: Feldman Michael 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The application of the Hilbert transform to the signal analysis provides some additional information about amplitude, instantaneous phase, and frequency of vibrations. The Hilbert transform decomposition methods are intended for extracting simple components using the varying instantaneous frequency and amplitude from multicomponent nonstationary signals. The corresponding identification methods directly extract the backbone and damping curve of nonlinear vibration systems. This enables us to solve an inverse identification problem, namely, the problem of estimation of the initial nonlinear static elastic and damping force characteristics.
Principles of Structural Degradation Monitoring
Authors: Farrar Charles R. , Worden Keith , Dulieu‐Barton Janice 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article describes a coherent strategy for the intelligent monitoring of structures and systems. All the relevant features of the strategy are discussed in detail. These encompass (i) a taxonomy for the relevant concepts, i.e., a precise definition of what, for example, constitutes a fault. (ii) a specification for operational evaluation that makes use of a hierarchical damage identification scheme, (iii) an approach to sensor prescription and optimization, and (iv) a data‐processing methodology based on a data fusion model. A number of recently proposed “axioms” are summarized in the hope that they will shed light on the design of monitoring systems; a number of possible barriers to progress are also identified and discussed.
Large Rotating Machines
Authors: Gałka Tomasz 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLarge rotating machines are usually critical objects, so assessment of their condition is important for safety, economy, and reliability reasons. This is accomplished by use of both on‐line (permanently installed) and off‐line (periodical measurements with portable equipment) systems. Extensive on‐line monitoring systems that employ leading‐edge techniques (advanced data processing, artificial intelligence) are installed only on the largest and most important machines (e.g., base load steam turbines). Methods and procedures are aimed at both determining types and locations of failures (if any) and monitoring life consumption progress; the latter is particularly important with machines designed for long service life.Typical monitoring techniques involve various types of condition symptoms, but vibration‐based ones are most useful. Among them, absolute vibration spectra and relative vibration trajectories and vectors are most commonly employed. Due to complexity and many elementary vibration sources, a machine is typically represented by a set (or vector) of symptoms. Qualitative condition assessment is based on models developed for specific machine types. This involves finite element methods, numerical simulation of dynamic behavior, experimental modal analysis, and other state‐of‐the‐art techniques. Quantitative assessment can be accomplished by comparing actual symptom values with reference ones, which often have to be determined individually for each machine. Such determination can be based on the energy processor model and symptom reliability concept.Vibration‐based symptoms are usually augmented by process and condition parameters (temperature, pressure, relative displacement, etc.), especially during transients. Important information is also obtained from correlation analysis and long‐term symptom evolution assessment.
Reliable Use of Fiber‐Optic Sensors
Authors: Habel Wolfgang R. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Sensor systems should be designed and engineered according to generally binding standards and guidelines. The use of the new fiber‐optic sensor (FOS) technology requires recommendations on how to design and apply a sensor system to solve a specific measurement task. At present, corresponding national or international standards and guidelines are being developed. When customers are interested in the use of FOS technology, a multitude of reliability‐related aspects have to be considered. Guidelines help give the users confidence in this new technology if they are strictly observed during manufacturing of sensor system components, when the measurement systems are designed and sensor components are selected to solve a specific measurement task, during application and later on during operation of the sensor system. The article provides a survey on important aspects that have to be considered for the use of reliable and long‐term stable SHM systems, reflects upon state of the art of standards and guidelines activities, besides summarizing validation aspects that have to be described in FOS guidelines. Important technical aspects that influence sensor characteristics and the accuracy, efficiency, and long‐term integrity of a sensor system are exemplified for fiber‐optic strain sensors. One test method to characterize strain transfer for applied sensor fibers is discussed.
Video Landing Parameter Surveys
Authors: DeFiore Thomas , Micklos Richard P. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

In an effort to better understand and document the actual operational environment of jet aircraft landing impact conditions, the US Navy, and, later, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) initiated a series of aircraft video landing parameter
surveys
at high‐activity airfields, both civil and military, and on aircraft carriers. By collecting and analyzing large quantities of video data for a wide variety of aircraft, the original design criteria and fatigue‐life estimates for aircraft landing gear and support structures can be assessed and verified.

Video
landing parameter surveys are a joint research effort of the US Navy and FAA to acquire and evaluate aircraft
landing
impact conditions. Field research teams temporarily install video camera(s) on the apron of the runway or catwalk of an aircraft carrier. These cameras record high‐resolution video images of an aircraft's touchdown event. The images are subsequently digitized and analyzed along with individual model airplane geometry to calculate at touchdown:
sink speed
, ground/air speed, pitch, roll, yaw, distance from threshold (or carrier ramp), and other
parameters
describing the touchdown event. Reports containing processed results are published and most of them are available in the public domain. Video surveys have been conducted on 8 commercial airfields, 6 military airfields, and over 11 aircraft carriers. These surveys are the only research of its kind in the international aviation industry. The objective of US Navy surveys is to validate the MIL‐A‐8863 sink‐speed
fatigue spectrum
. FAA landing parameter surveys assess the continued suitability requirements in 14 CFR Part 25.473 for a limit descent velocity of 10 ft s
−1
at touchdown and the sink‐speed fatigue spectrum previously used by airframe manufacturers, NASA TN D 4529.
Health Monitoring, Diagnostics, and Prognostics of Avionic Systems
Authors: Pecht Michael , Chan Yan‐Cheong 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Avionics are fundamental to the flight management and engine control of today's airplanes. With increasing functional complexity of onboard autonomous avionic systems, there is an increasing demand for system‐level health assessment, fault diagnostics, and prognostics, especially to meet critical safety and mission requirements. This article presents the motivation for increased health management, diagnostics, and prognostics for avionics, and then provides a diagnostics and prognostics approach to assess avionics.
Continuous Monitoring of the Øresund Bridge: Data Acquisition and Operational Modal Analysis
Authors: Peeters Bart 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The Øresund Bridge opened in July 2000. It is the most striking part of the fixed link across the Øresund connecting Copenhagen (Denmark) and Malmø (Sweden), which further includes a tunnel and an artificial island. The bridge is equipped with a PC‐based continuous monitoring system, capable of measuring both static and dynamic quantities such as temperatures, wind characteristics, air humidity, strains, and accelerations. The challenges for the design of the monitoring system were the long distances between the monitoring points and the variety of sensors. This article describes the bridge and the monitoring system components. Some typical measurement data are presented. Finally, the modal parameters of the bridge are extracted from the deck, cable, and tower vibrations. This shows that the system not only gives information about sudden events that exceed a certain threshold, but can also find use as a health monitoring system by tracking the evolution of the modal parameters.
Dynamic Response of Buildings of the Cultural Heritage
Authors: Clemente Paolo , Buffarini Giacomo 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The dynamic behavior of historical buildings is quite complex owing to several reasons, such as the complexity of the geometrical characteristics, the nonlinear behavior of the material, and the noneffectiveness of the connection between the masonry walls and the decks. As a result, identification of the dynamic characteristics and the seismic analysis are very hard and the results obtained on a specific building cannot be easily generalized to other structures. Besides, the numerical analysis by means of finite element models, which is usually very helpful to analyze the expected behavior and to interpret the experimental results, contains large uncertainties: the structural size of the various elements cannot be evaluated with the needed accuracy; the material characteristics, such as the tension–strain relationship and strength, are not known; structure and materials often exhibit inelastic behavior; rigid floors are often missing; these are substituted by masonry vaults or by wooden floors, whose effectiveness in connecting walls is uncertain; neither the depth of the foundation nor their geometry and material properties are known; often the depth is variable as well as the soil characteristics; buildings are often connected to other constructions so that their behavior is very complex. Therefore, for such kind of structures, the experimental analysis is often the only way to improve our understanding about their dynamic behavior. In this article, two case studies are shown. The first one is a typical masonry bell tower in S. Martino in Rio, Italy, damaged by the 1996 Earthquake of Reggio Emilia. The second is a historical building in Cerreto di Spoleto, Italy, damaged by the 1997 Umbria–Marche earthquake.
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 2‐[(3‐aminopropyl)dimethylsilyl]‐5‐triethylsilylfurans
Authors: Ignatovich Luba , Muravenko Velta , Shestakova Irina , Domrachova Ilona , Popelis Juris , Lukevics Edmunds 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHighly cytotoxic 3‐aminopropyl derivatives of 5‐triethylsilyl‐2‐dimethylsilylfuran (LC501–3 µg ml−1) have been prepared by hydrosilylation of heterocyclic N‐allylamines with corresponding hydrosilane in the presence of Speier's catalyst. The influence of the amine structure on the cytotoxicity has been investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einbindetiefen und Schnittgrößen bei gestützten Wänden mit beliebiger Fußauflagerung
Authors: Hettler Achim 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDieser Beitrag beinhaltet die Ermittlung von Schnittgrößen und Einbindetiefen bei gestützten Wänden. Zunächst wird ein Modell der Fußauflagerung vorgestellt, das sowohl eine freie Auflagerung, eine Teil einspannung als auch eine volle Einspannung umfasst. Die erforderliche Einbindetiefe lässt sich durch Ansatz von Bemessungsgrößen wesentlich einfacher berechnen als am System mit charakteristischen Größen. Bei einer teilweisen Einspannung im Boden können durch Vorgabe eines Drehwinkels im theoretischen Auflagerpunkt die charakteristischen Bodenreaktionen eindeutig festgelegt werden. Für den Fall, dass nur ständige Einwirkungen auftreten, können charakteristische Größen und Bemessungsgrößen durch einen Faktor ineinander umgerechnet werden. Eine weitere Vereinfachung ergibt sich, wenn man, den Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises “Baugruben” folgend, die veränderlichen Einwirkungen mit einem Erhöhungsfaktor vergrößert und wie für den Lastfall mit ständigen Einwirkungen behandelt.Embedment depths and sectional forces for propped walls with different foot supports.In the following contribution the calculation of the embedment depth and the sectional forces is treated for the case of propped walls. A model for the earth support at the foot of the wall is presented including a free, a partly fixed and a fixed earth support. The determination of the embedment depth at the system with design loads is essentially easier compared to a calculation with characteristic quantities. Assuming a value for the rotation angle at the theoretical foot point of the wall permits to calculate the magnitude of the characteristic soil reactions. In the case that only permanent actions react on the wall, characteristic and design quantities are related by a simple factor. According to the recommendations of excavations a further simplification is possible, if the transient actions are increased by a factor and are treated as in the case of permanent situations.
Functionalization and Rearrangement of Spirocyclohexadienyl Oxindoles: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Rousseau Géraldine , Robert Frédéric , Landais Yannick 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe preparation and functionalization of spirocyclohexa‐2,5‐diene oxindoles is described. The spirocyclic core of the title compounds was installed by using a SmI2‐mediated cyclization of aryl iodobenzamides. Epoxidation with CF3CO3H was then carried out and was shown to occur with a high level of diastereocontrol: the reagent approaches the diene moiety syn to the amide group, which is likely to be as a consequence of hydrogen bonding between the amide CO bond and the peracid hydrogen. Carbanionic functionalization of the spirocyclohexa‐2,5‐diene oxindoles was then examined, leading to an unprecedented rearrangement of the strained spiro system into dearomatized phenanthridinones. Upon treatment with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) at −40 °C, the dienes rearranged to provide a phenanthridinone lithium enolate intermediate that was trapped by electrophiles including alkyl halides and aldehydes. Interestingly, alkylation and hydroxyalkylation occurred with different regiocontrol. DFT calculations were performed that rationalize the observed skeleton rearrangement, emphasizing the role of LDA/diisopropylamine in this rearrangement. The proposed mechanism thus relies on a thermodynamically driven diisopropylamine‐mediated proton transfer with the cleavage of the diene–amide CO bond as the key step.
Metallomacrocycles with a Difference: Macrocyclic Complexes with Exocyclic Ruthenium(II)‐Containing Domains
Authors: Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E. , Neuburger Markus , Rösel Pirmin J. , Schaffner Silvia , Zampese Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe templated synthesis of organic macrocycles containing rings of up to 96 atoms and three 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) units is described. Starting with the bpy‐centred ligands 5,5′‐bis[3‐(1,4‐dioxahept‐6‐enylphenyl)]‐2,2′‐bipyridine and 5,5′‐bis[3‐(1,4,7‐trioxadec‐9‐enylphenyl)]‐2,2′‐bipyridine, we have applied Grubbs’ methodology to couple the terminal alkene units of the coordinated ligands in [FeL3]2+ complexes. Hydrogenation and demetallation of the iron(II)‐containing macrocyclic complexes results in the isolation of large organic macrocycles. The latter bind {Ru(bpy)2} units to give macrocyclic complexes with exocyclic ruthenium(II)‐containing domains. The complex [Ru(bpy)2(L)]2+ (isolated as the hexafluorophosphate salt), in which L=5,5′‐bis[3‐(1,4,7,10‐tetraoxatridec‐12‐enylphenyl)]‐2,2′‐bipyridine, undergoes intramolecular ring‐closing metathesis to yield a macrocycle which retains the exocyclic {Ru(bpy)2} unit. The poly(ethyleneoxy) domains in the latter macrocycle readily scavenge sodium ions, as proven by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy data for the bulk sample. In addition to the new compounds, a series of model complexes have been fully characterized, and representative single‐crystal X‐ray structural data are presented for iron(II) and ruthenium(II) acyclic and macrocyclic species.