Abstract 3780: Plumbagin a non-toxic natural agent, induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of prostate cancer LNCaP and C4-2 cells via blocking of both androgen and non-androgen activation of androgen receptor signaling
Authors: Hafeez Bilal B. , Colson Laurie A. , Verma Ajit K. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and leading cause of cancer related death in men in Western countries including the Unites States. Androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling plays a critical role in the development and progression of PCa. Most androgen independent (AI) prostate tumors continue to express AR as well as its target gene PSA, which indicates that these tumor cells maintain functional AR signaling. Evidence suggests that AR signaling is activated through androgen and androgen bypass mechanism. We believe that identification of non-toxic natural agents capable of blocking both androgen and non-androgen activation of AR signaling could be effective for the treatment of PCa. We have previously shown that a novel plant derived napthoquinone plumbagin (PL) induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of PCa cells in in vitro as well as in in vivo model systems (Cancer Research 2008, PMID: 18974148). We present here that PL inhibits both androgen and non-androgen activation of AR signaling in PCa cells. We observed that PL inhibits synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R1881) induced growth of androgen-dependent (AD) LNCaP and AI C4-2 cells. PL treatment was found to inhibit protein levels of AR and AR-target gene PSA and accelerates AR degradation. To analyze the effect of PL on decreased AR transactivation, transient transfections using androgen responsive reporters PSA-luc were carried out. Treatment of LNCaP and C4-2 cells with R1881 led to induction of PSA reporter in these cells. Co-treatment of LNCaP and C4-2 cells with PL led to a dose-dependent decrease in AR transactivation as reflected by a decrease in the PSA reporter activity. These results suggest that PL interferes with androgen-induced transactivation function of AR. It has been reported that IL-6 signaling acts as a ligand for the activation of AR signaling. IL-6 induced phosphorylated Stat3 interacts with the N-terminal domain of AR and activates its target genes. We have previously shown that PL treatment inhibits Stat3 phosphorylation in PCa DU-145 cells xenograft tumor tissues (Cancer Research 2008, PMID: 18974148). Therefore, we hypothesized that PL treatment will inhibit Stat3 and AR N-terminal domain interaction in PCa cells. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation/blotting experiments revealed that PL treatment inhibited IL-6 induced interaction of Stat3 with AR N-terminal domain in both the PCa LNCaP and C4-2 cells. PL treatment also inhibited IL-6 induced Tyr 705 and Ser727 phosphorylation of Stat3. These results establish that PL has the potential to block the androgen and non-androgen activation of AR signaling in PCa and provide further evidence that PL could be used as a chemopreventive natural agent in ongoing anti-hormone therapy of PCa. (Support: NIH grants, CA35368).
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3780.