bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food price inflation nowcasting and monitoring
Authors: Silva e Silva Luís , Mongeau Ospina Christian A. , Fabi Carola 
Published: May 2024

Rising food prices may rapidly push vulnerable populations into food insecurity, especially in developing economies and in low-income countries, where a substantial share of the financial resources available to the poorest households is spent on food. To capture soaring food prices and help in designing mitigating measures, we developed two complementary products: a nowcasting model that estimates official food consumer price inflation up to the current month and a daily food price monitor that checks whether the growth rate of a few basic food commodities exceeds a statistical threshold. Both products were designed with the consideration that the rapid acquisition of data and the automated extraction of insights are indispensable tools for policymakers, particularly in times of crisis. Our framework is characterized by three key aspects. Firstly, we leverage two non-traditional data sources to emphasize the importance of real-time information: a crowdsourced repository of daily food prices and textual insights obtained from newspapers articles. Secondly, our framework offers a global perspective, encompassing 225 countries and territories, which enables the monitoring of food prices dynamics on a global scale. Thirdly, results are made accessible daily via an intuitive and user-friendly interactive dashboard.
Causas da redução das taxas de imunização entre crianças no município de Cascavel e suas implicâncias na saúde pública do Brasil na prevenção de doenças
Authors: Fernandes Paola Tolotti , Lima Urielly Tayná da Silva , Scherer Eduarda Elsenbach , Batistello Maria Eduarda de Quadros , Cerutti Naila 
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A vacinação é fundamental para prevenir doenças graves e sua propagação. Apesar do amplo Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) no Brasil, as taxas de vacinação infantil têm caído, aumentando o risco de ressurgimento de doenças erradicadas. É crucial promover a conscientização sobre a importância da vacinação e causa dessa redução para garantir a proteção de toda a população. Objetivo: Estabelecer quais as causas da redução da taxa de imunizações entre crianças até os 12 anos no município de Cascavel e analisar quais as implicações futuras na saúde pública geral do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo do tipo transversal quantitativo e qualitativo, com o foco em levantar dados mediante aplicação de um questionário pela plataforma Google Forms®, voltado aos pais ou tutores de crianças dos 0 aos 12 anos, independe do sexo e de diferentes regiões do município de Cascavel. Resultados: Foram analisadas 160 respostas ao questionário. Dessas 160 respostas, 100% dos tutores haviam vacinado seus filhos, porém dos 59 que foram questionados, 60,3% alegam que algum conhecido já deixou de imunizar as crianças sob seus cuidados. Vale ressaltar que apesar 86% dos colaboradores já terem buscado informação sobre vacinação e 95% considerarem elas verdadeiramente eficazes, 46,3% já sentiu algum tipo de insegurança em relação aos imunizantes e 70% já leu e reconheceu algum tipo de fake news, disseminadas principalmente pelas redes sociais como demonstra a pesquisa. Conclusão: Com este estudo, conclui-se que apesar do amplo conhecimento disponível em relação aos imunizantes ainda existe hesitação em relação a vacinação, desencadeada de forma prevalente pelas fake news como também pela falta de conhecimento, medo e insegurança acerca de seus efeitos colaterais.
EDUKASI DAMPAK PERNIKAHAN DINI DI DESA RIDOMANAH
Authors: Damayanti Ema , Ash Shabah Musyaffa Amin , Suprihatin Suprihatin 
Published: May 2024

Early marriage is a marriage that is carried out by early childhood or has not reached the age allowed for marriage. In law, marriage is allowed when you reach the age of 19 years. However, there are still many people who practice early marriage, especially rural communities. Early marriage has many impacts, one of which is the failure of child growth and development or stunting. In this community service, the goal is to prevent early childhood marriage and stunting in Ridomanah village. In this activity, the subject is students of SMPN 2 Cibarusah, the implementation method is community education with socialization of the impact of early marriage. Based on the percentage of pre-test and post-test results, student knowledge has increased significantly, from 64.20% to 85.40%. This socialization activity on the impact of early marriage at SMPN 2 Cibarusah is quite effective and successful in increasing students' knowledge about the impact of early marriage.
A sono-responsive antibacterial nanosystem co-loaded with metformin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 for mitigation of inflammation and bone loss in experimental peri-implantitis
Authors: Hu Bo , Qiao Wang , Cao Yang , Fu Xiaoming , Song Jinlin 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDental implants have become an increasingly popular option for replacing missing teeth, and the prevalence of peri-implantitis has also increased, which is expected to become a public health problem worldwide and cause high economic and health burdens. This scenario highlights the need for new therapeutic options to treat peri-implantitis.MethodsIn this study, we proposed a novel sono-responsive antibacterial nanosystem co-loaded with metformin (Met) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to promote efficacy in treating peri-implantitis. We introduced the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a carrier for hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) to enhance the antibacterial effect of sonodynamic antibacterial therapy and tested its reactive oxygen species (ROS) production efficiency and bactericidal effect in vitro. Afterward, HMME-loaded ZIF-8, BMP-2-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA), and Met were incorporated into gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels to form HMME@ZIF-8/Met/BMP-2@PLGA/GelMA composite hydrogels, and the biocompatibility of which was determined in vitro and in vivo. A bacterial-induced peri-implantitis model in the maxilla of rats was established to detect the effects of the composite hydrogels with adjunctive use of ultrasound on regulating inflammation and promoting bone tissue repair in vivo.ResultsThe results indicated that HMME@ZIF-8 with ultrasound stimulation demonstrated more better ROS production efficiency and antimicrobial efficacy. The composite hydrogels had good biocompatibility. Ultrasound-assisted application of the composite hydrogels reduced the release of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced bone loss around the implant in rats with bacterial-induced peri-implantitis.ConclusionOur observations suggest that HMME@ZIF-8 may be a new good sonosensitizer material for sonodynamic antibacterial therapy. The use of HMME@ZIF-8/Met/BMP-2@PLGA/GelMA composite hydrogels in combination with ultrasound can provide a novel option for treating peri-implantitis in the future.
Involvement of N4BP2L1, PLEKHA4, and BEGAIN genes in breast cancer and muscle cell development
Authors: Dastsooz Hassan , Anselmi Francesca , Lauria Andrea , Cicconetti Chiara , Proserpio Valentina , Mohammadisoleimani Elham , Firoozi Zahra , Mansoori Yaser , Haghi-Aminjan Hamed , Caizzi Livia , Oliviero Salvatore 
Published: May 2024

Patients with breast cancer show altered expression of genes within the pectoralis major skeletal muscle cells of the breast. Through analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-breast cancer (BRCA), we identified three previously uncharacterized putative novel tumor suppressor genes expressed in normal muscle cells, whose expression was downregulated in breast tumors. We found that NEDD4 binding protein 2-like 1 (N4BP2L1), pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 4 (PLEKHA4), and brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein (BEGAIN) that are normally highly expressed in breast myoepithelial cells and smooth muscle cells were significantly downregulated in breast tumor tissues of a cohort of 50 patients with this cancer. Our data revealed that the low expression of PLEKHA4 in patients with menopause below 50 years correlated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Moreover, we identified N4BP2L1 and BEGAIN as potential biomarkers of HER2-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, low BEGAIN expression in breast cancer patients with blood fat, heart problems, and diabetes correlated with a higher risk of this cancer. In addition, protein and RNA expression analysis of TCGA-BRCA revealed N4BP2L1 as a promising diagnostic protein biomarker in breast cancer. In addition, the in silico data of scRNA-seq showed high expression of these genes in several cell types of normal breast tissue, including breast myoepithelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Thus, our results suggest their possible tumor-suppressive function in breast cancer and muscle development.
Population-wide impact of a pragmatic program to identify and manage individuals at high-risk of cardiovascular disease: a cluster randomized trial in 120 villages from Northern China
Authors: Chen Siyu , Yan Lijing L. , Feng Xiangxian , Zhang Jianxin , Zhang Yuhong , Zhang Ruijuan , Zhou Bo , Wu Yangfeng 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo explore the population-wide impacts of an evidence-based high-risk strategy for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in resource-poor populations.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among 120 villages in rural China, with 60 on intervention and 60 on usual care as controls, for 2 years. The intervention emphasized training village doctors to identify high-risk individuals and administering standardized treatments focusing on hypertension management. A random sample of 20 men aged ≥50 years and 20 women aged ≥60 years was drawn from each village before randomization for the baseline survey, and another independent random sample with the same age and sex distribution was drawn at 2 years for the post-intervention survey. The primary outcome was the population mean systolic blood pressure (SBP). Secondary outcomes included the proportions of patients who received regular primary care, antihypertensive medications, aspirin, or lifestyle advice.ResultsA total of 5,654 high cardiovascular risk individuals were identified and managed by village doctors in intervention villages for 15 months on average, with mean SBP lowered by 19.8 mmHg and the proportion with blood pressure under control increased from 22.1% to 72.7%. The primary analysis of the two independent samples (5,050 and 4,887 participants each) showed that population-wide mean SBP in intervention villages did not differ from that in control villages at 2 years (mean difference = 1.0 mmHg, 95% CI: −2.19, 4.26; P = 0.528), though almost all secondary outcomes concerning primary care indicators significantly increased in intervention villages.ConclusionsIn our study, the pragmatic cardiovascular risk management program targeting on high-risk individuals significantly improved the quality of primary care. However, its impact on population blood pressure level and the burden of hypertension-related diseases appeared very limited.
Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrial.gov identifier, NCT01259700.
Comprehensive machine learning models for predicting therapeutic targets in type 2 diabetes utilizing molecular and biochemical features in rats
Authors: Matboli Marwa , Al-Amodi Hiba S. , Khaled Abdelrahman , Khaled Radwa , Roushdy Marian M. S. , Ali Marwa , Diab Gouda Ibrahim , Elnagar Mahmoud Fawzy , Elmansy Rasha A. , TAhmed Hagir H. , Ahmed Enshrah M. E. , Elzoghby Doaa M. A. , M.Kamel Hala F. , Farag Mohamed F. , ELsawi Hind A. , Farid Laila M. , Abouelkhair Mariam B. , Habib Eman K. , Fikry Heba , Saleh Lobna A. , Aboughaleb Ibrahim H. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionWith the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is an urgent need to discover effective therapeutic targets for this complex condition. Coding and non-coding RNAs, with traditional biochemical parameters, have shown promise as viable targets for therapy. Machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as powerful tools for predicting drug responses.MethodIn this study, we developed an ML-based model to identify the most influential features for drug response in the treatment of type 2 diabetes using three medicinal plant-based drugs (Rosavin, Caffeic acid, and Isorhamnetin), and a probiotics drug (Z-biotic), at different doses. A hundred rats were randomly assigned to ten groups, including a normal group, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic group, and eight treated groups. Serum samples were collected for biochemical analysis, while liver tissues (L) and adipose tissues (A) underwent histopathological examination and molecular biomarker extraction using quantitative PCR. Utilizing five machine learning algorithms, we integrated 32 molecular features and 12 biochemical features to select the most predictive targets for each model and the combined model.Results and discussionOur results indicated that high doses of the selected drugs effectively mitigated liver inflammation, reduced insulin resistance, and improved lipid profiles and renal function biomarkers. The machine learning model identified 13 molecular features, 10 biochemical features, and 20 combined features with an accuracy of 80% and AUC (0.894, 0.93, and 0.896), respectively. This study presents an ML model that accurately identifies effective therapeutic targets implicated in the molecular pathways associated with T2DM pathogenesis.
Treatment patterns in a real-world cohort of patients with Wilson disease in the United States
Authors: Medici Valentina , Kebede Nehemiah , Stephens Jennifer , Kunjappu Mary , Vierling John M. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundWilson disease (WD) is a rare and potentially fatal genetic disorder caused by accumulation of toxic levels of copper. Current treatments include chelating agents and/or zinc. We characterized real-world US treatment patterns in patients with WD.MethodsThis retrospective, observational medical chart review utilized deidentified clinical data, including treatment patterns, abstracted from patient medical charts between 01/2012 and 06/2017. Line of therapy was assessed based on disease presentation and aggregated. Index treatment was defined as the first line of therapy, followed by second line of therapy and third line of therapy. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 225 patients were included (mean [SD] age at diagnosis: 24.7 [9.8] years). Initial disease presentation was both neurologic/psychiatric and hepatic in 52.9%, followed by neurologic/psychiatric (20.0%), hepatic (16.9%), and asymptomatic (10.2%). Median (first and third quartiles) duration of follow-up from diagnosis was 39.5 (33.8–60.4) months. The most common first line of therapy was penicillamine monotherapy in 45.5%, followed by trientine monotherapy (26.1%) and chelator/zinc combination therapy (21.2%). A total of 167/222 (75.2%) patients remained on first line of therapy during the follow-up period. Of the 13.5% who switched to second line of therapy, most changed to trientine monotherapy (53.3%). All those who switched to third line of therapy transitioned to zinc monotherapy (100.0%). Unexpectedly, 11.3% discontinued first line of therapy without transitioning to a subsequent therapy. The primary rationale for index monotherapy selection was improved efficacy (61.6%). Most discontinuations were due to side effects/tolerability (40.8%). Treatment patterns varied by initial disease presentation, practice setting, physician specialty, and geographic location.ConclusionThese results demonstrate a lack of consensus in the US regarding first-line treatment for patients with WD. Evidence-based treatment pathways informed by high-quality clinical trials for improved health outcomes are needed.
Association of specific ACE2 and TMPRSS2 variants with circulatory cytokines of COVID-19 Emirati patients
Authors: Elemam Noha M. , Bouzid Amal , Alsafar Habiba , Ahmed Samrein BM , Hafezi Shirin , Venkatachalam Thenmozhi , Eldohaji Leen , Al Hamidi Tasneem , Gerges Peter Habib , Halabi Nour , Hadj-Kacem Hassen , Talaat Iman M. , Taneera Jalal , Sulaiman Nabil , Maghazachi Azzam A. , Hamid Qutayba , Hamoudi Rifat , Saber-Ayad Maha 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic represented one of the most significant challenges to researchers and healthcare providers. Several factors determine the disease severity, whereas none alone can explain the tremendous variability. The Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease type-2 (TMPRSS2) genes affect the virus entry and are considered possible risk factors for COVID-19.MethodsWe compiled a panel of gene variants from both genes and used in-silico analysis to predict their significance. We performed biological validation to assess their capacity to alter the ACE2 interaction with the virus spike protein. Subsequently, we conducted a retrospective comparative genome analysis on those variants in the Emirati patients with different disease severity (total of 96) along with 69 healthy control subjects.ResultsOur results showed that the Emirati population lacks the variants that were previously reported as associated with disease severity, whereas a new variant in ACE2 “Chr X:g.15584534” was associated with disease severity specifically among female patients. In-silico analysis revealed that the new variant can determine the ACE2 gene transcription. Several cytokines (GM-CSF and IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1/CCL2, IL-8/CXCL8, and IP-10/CXCL10) were markedly increased in COVID-19 patients with a significant correlation with disease severity. The newly reported genetic variant of ACE2 showed a positive correlation with CD40L, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-15, and IL-17A in COVID-19 patients.ConclusionWhereas COVID-19 represents now a past pandemic, our study underscores the importance of genetic factors specific to a population, which can influence both the susceptibility to viral infections and the level of severity; subsequently expected required preparedness in different areas of the world.
Evaluation of the causal effects of immune cells on ischemic stroke: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Kunyu , Zhang Beilin , Li Min , Duan Hanying , Jiang Zhuoya , Gao Su , Chen Jing , Fang Shaokuan 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundIschemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease caused by various factors, and its etiology remains inadequately understood. The role of immune system dysfunction in IS has been increasingly recognized. Our objective was to evaluate whether circulating immune cells causally impact IS risk.MethodsWe conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to evaluate the causal effects of 731 immune cell traits on IS, utilizing publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for 731 immune cell traits as exposure data, and two GWAS statistics for IS as outcome data. A set of sensitivity analyses, including Cochran’s Q test, I2 statistics, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses, were performed to assess the robustness of the results. Additionally, meta-analyses were conducted to combine the results from the two different IS datasets. Finally, we extracted instrumental variables of immune cell traits with causal effects on IS in both IS datasets for SNP annotation.ResultsA total of 41 and 35 immune cell traits were identified to have significant causal effects on IS based on two different IS datasets, respectively. Among them, the immune cell trait CD62L- plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell AC and CD4+ CD8dim T cell%leukocyte respectively served as risk factor and protective element in both IS datasets. The robustness of the causal effects was confirmed through the sensitivity analyses. The results of the meta-analyses further support the causal effects of CD62L- plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell AC (pooled OR=1.030, 95%CI: 1.011–1.049, P=0.002) and CD4+ CD8dim T cell%leukocyte (pooled OR=0.959, 95%CI: 0.935–0.984, P=0.001). Based on these two immune cell traits, 33 genes that may be related to the causal effects were mapped.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated the potential causal effects of circulating immune cells on IS, providing valuable insights for future studies aimed at preventing IS.
Cost-effectiveness of treating relapsed or refractory 3L+ follicular lymphoma with axicabtagene ciloleucel vs mosunetuzumab in the United States
Authors: Oluwole Olalekan O. , Ray Markqayne D. , Zur Richard M. , Ferrufino Cheryl P. , Doble Brett , Patel Anik R. , Bilir S. Pinar 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionNovel therapies for 3L+ relapsed/refractory (r/r) follicular lymphoma (FL) have been approved recently by the US Food and Drug Administration including anti-CD19 CAR-T therapies such as axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and CD20 × CD3 T-cell-engaging bispecific monoclonal antibodies such as mosunetuzumab (mosun). The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of axi-cel compared to mosun in 3L+ r/r FL patients from a US third-party payer perspective.MethodsA three-state (progression-free, progressed disease, and death) partitioned-survival model was used to compare two treatments over a lifetime horizon in a hypothetical cohort of US adults (age ≥18) receiving 3L+ treatment for r/r FL. ZUMA-5 and GO29781 trial data were used to inform progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Mosun survival was modeled via hazard ratios (HRs) applied to axi-cel survival curves. The PFS HR value was estimated via a matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) based on mosun pseudo-individual patient data and adjusted axi-cel data to account for trial populations differences. One-way sensitivity analysis (OWSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were conducted. Scenario analyses included: 1) the mosun HRs were applied to the weighted (adjusted) ZUMA-5 24-month data to most exactly reflect the MAIC, 2) mosun HR values were applied to axi-cel 48-month follow-up data, and 3) recent axi-cel health state utility values in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients.ResultsThe analysis estimated increases of 1.82 LY and 1.89 QALY for axi-cel compared to mosun. PFS for axi-cel patients was 6.42 LY vs. 1.60 LY for mosun. Increase of $257,113 in the progression-free state was driven by one-time axi-cel treatment costs. Total incremental costs for axi-cel were $204,377, resulting in an ICER of $108,307/QALY gained. The OWSA led to ICERs ranging from $240,255 to $75,624, with all but two parameters falling below $150,000/QALY. In the PSA, axi-cel had an 64% probability of being cost-effective across 5,000 iterations using a $150,000 willingness-to-pay threshold. Scenarios one and two resulted in ICERs of $105,353 and $102,695, respectively.DiscussionThis study finds that axi-cel is cost-effective compared to mosun at the commonly cited $150,000/QALY US willingness-to-pay threshold, with robust results across a range of sensitivity analyses accounting for parameter uncertainty.