bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Central and Peripheral Arterial Blood Pressure Gradients in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hasegawa Daisuke , Sato Ryota , Duggal Abhijit , Schleicher Mary , Nishida Kazuki , Khanna Ashish K. , Dugar Siddharth 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Measurement of blood pressure taken from different anatomical sites, are often perceived as interchangeable, despite them representing different parts of the systemic circulation. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on blood pressure differences between central and peripheral arterial cannulation in critically ill patients.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase from inception to December 26, 2023, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords.

STUDY SELECTION:
Observation study of adult patients in ICUs and operating rooms who underwent simultaneous central (femoral, axillary, or subclavian artery) and peripheral (radial, brachial, or dorsalis pedis artery) arterial catheter placement in ICUs and operating rooms.

DATA EXTRACTION:
We screened and extracted studies independently and in duplicate. We assessed risk of bias using the revised Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy tool.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Twenty-four studies that enrolled 1598 patients in total were included. Central pressures (mean arterial pressure [MAP] and systolic blood pressure [SBP]) were found to be significantly higher than their peripheral counterparts, with mean gradients of 3.5 and 8.0 mm Hg, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference in central or peripheral diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Subgroup analysis further highlighted a higher MAP gradient during the on-cardiopulmonary bypass stage of cardiac surgery, reperfusion stage of liver transplant, and in nonsurgical critically ill patients. SBP or DBP gradient did not demonstrate any subgroup specific changes.

CONCLUSIONS:
SBP and MAP obtained by central arterial cannulation were higher than peripheral arterial cannulation; however, clinical implication of a difference of 8.0 mm Hg in SBP and 3.5 mm Hg in MAP remains unclear. Our current clinical practices preferring peripheral arterial lines need not change.
Study of the relationship between the severity of posterior capsular opacification detected by objective detection techniques and visual acuity
Authors: Song Ziyue , Chen Zhigang , Li Caixin , Li Yanting , Liu Yueqi , Lu Peirong 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To explore the severity of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) using objective detection techniques and its relationship with visual acuity.

Setting:
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Methods:
All patients underwent slitlamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) testing before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, and examination, after fully dilated, with: IOLMaster 700, optical coherence tomography (OCT), Sirius Topographer (CSO) anterior segment analysis, and color fundus photography (CFP). CDVA and IOP were taken post treatment. Thickness and density of the posterior capsule, CFP quality (CFPQ) and OCT signal strength (OCTSS) were recorded. Analysis used Spearman correlation, heatmaps, and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results:
83 eyes in 78 patients were included in this study. Spearman correlation analysis revealed correlations between pretreatment CDVA and IOLMaster 700 PCO thickness (MT), IOLMaster 700 cumulative effect (MCE), Sirius PCO thickness (ST), Sirius maximum density (SMD), Sirius cumulative effect (SCE), OCTSS, and CFPQ (correlation coefficients were 0.500, 0.484, 0.465, −0.256, 0.317, −0.442, −0.412, all P < .05). The improvement of vision acuity (ImpVA) showed correlations with MT, MCE, ST, SCE, OCTSS, and CFPQ (correlation coefficients were −0.452, −0.471, −0.346, −0.278, 0.320, 0.381, all P < .05). For ImpVA, the predictive ability of IOLMaster 700 was superior to Sirius, and the joint model was significantly better than single factors.

Conclusions:
Posterior capsule thickness and cumulative effect were reliable indicators for evaluating PCO. Compared with Sirius, the IOLMaster 700 demonstrated superior predictive ability and higher correlation.
Covid-19 Across Professions—Infection, Hospitalization, and Intensive Care Unit Patterns in a Swedish County
Authors: Månsson Jonas , Cajander Sara , Lidén Mats , Löfstedt Håkan , Westberg Håkan 
Published: May 2024

Objective
The aim of the study was to study infection, hospitalization, and admission to intensive care unit for COVID-19 in different occupations and pandemic waves in a Swedish county.

Methods
Individual registry data of infection and hospitalization were merged with occupational data in this cross-sectional study. Infected, hospital-, and intensive care unit-admission were analyzed by occupational groups.

Results
22,095 cases of COVID-19 from 21 February 2020 to 31 August 2022 were identified. Healthcare workers and others working in close physical proximity showed a higher rate of confirmed COVID-19 infections in all waves and higher risk for hospital admission early in the pandemic. Exposure to diseases and physical proximity played a decisive role.

Conclusions
Workers in close-contact occupations experienced a higher rate of confirmed infections throughout the pandemic and higher hospitalization rates in the first pandemic wave, suggesting a need for more effective initial safety measures in a future pandemic.
Better liver transplant outcomes by donor interventions?
Authors: Hessheimer Amelia J. , Flores Eva , Vengohechea Jordi , Fondevila Constantino 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Donor risk factors and events surrounding donation impact the quantity and quality of grafts generated to meet liver transplant waitlist demands. Donor interventions represent an opportunity to mitigate injury and risk factors within donors themselves. The purpose of this review is to describe issues to address among donation after brain death, donation after circulatory determination of death, and living donors directly, for the sake of optimizing relevant outcomes among donors and recipients.

Recent findings
Studies on donor management practices and high-level evidence supporting specific interventions are scarce. Nonetheless, for donation after brain death (DBD), critical care principles are employed to correct cardiocirculatory compromise, impaired tissue oxygenation and perfusion, and neurohormonal deficits. As well, certain treatments as well as marginally prolonging duration of brain death among otherwise stable donors may help improve posttransplant outcomes. In donation after circulatory determination of death (DCD), interventions are performed to limit warm ischemia and reverse its adverse effects. Finally, dietary and exercise programs have improved donation outcomes for both standard as well as overweight living donor (LD) candidates, while minimally invasive surgical techniques may offer improved outcomes among LD themselves.

Summary
Donor interventions represent means to improve liver transplant yield and outcomes of liver donors and grafts.
Romiplostim for Treatment of Children and Young Adults With Severe Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Sharathkumar Anjali , Carr Jamie , Claassen David , Syrbu Sergei , Bhagavathi Sharathkumar , Al-Huniti Ahmad , Modi Arunkumar , Bates Melissa , Mott Sarah L. 
Published: May 2024

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) induce trilineage hematopoiesis under conditions with acquired hematopoietic failure. We evaluated safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of a TPO-RA, romiplostim (Nplate), with or without standard-of-care immunosuppressive therapy (±IST) for children (ages <21 y) with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Data were collected from an observational study and a single arm interventional pilot study. The safety outcome was treatment-related adverse events (AEs). Efficacy was evaluated by complete hematopoietic response (CHR) at week 24. Romiplostim was commenced at 5 µg/kg/week, with dose escalation of 2.5 µg/kg/week (maximum, 20 µg/kg/dose) based on platelet response. Romiplostim was continued until CHR was observed. Ten subjects (SAA, 9 [IST, 4; without IST, 5]; MDS, 1) completed the study (median age: 9.2 y). Median romiplostim dose was 10 µg/kg/week (range: 5 to 17.5 µg/kg/week). The cumulative incidence of CHR was 70.4% (95% CI, 20.2%-92.6%). Among 21 AEs (Grade 1 to 3), 3 were attributed to romiplostim. At a median posttherapy follow-up of 10.9 months (range: 0.7 to 77.5), no clonal evolution, bone marrow fibrosis or mortality was reported. This proof-of-concept study provides data about short-term safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of romiplostim (±IST) for treatment of pediatric SAA/MDS.
Advanced antibacterial materials for the prevention of nosocomial infections
Authors: Kong Chun , Wang Xuetong , Li Huipeng , Zhou Huan , Yang Lei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nosocomial infections, as the most common adverse event in health care environments, have become an urgent global challenge. It is of great significance in solving nosocomial infections to improve patient survival rates and reduce the economic burden on patients. Antibacterial materials play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infections. Since traditional antibacterial materials are not sufficient to satisfy the increasing clinical requirements, advanced antibacterial materials are widely developed in biomedical applications and hospital health fields, aiming at achieving more efficient, longer-lasting, and safer antimicrobial effects. This article outlines the construction strategies and mechanisms of advanced antibacterial materials, including bacterial adhesion prevention, release of antibacterial agents, contact-kill materials, and multistrategy-based sterilization. Meanwhile, the latest progress in advanced antibacterial materials in clinical departments and public environments is summarized and explored, including dressings, medical sutures, implants, bone cements, catheters, plastics products, ceramics, and fiber fabrics. Finally, the challenges and future directions for researches and translations of advanced antibacterial materials are discussed, providing comprehensive reference and guidance for the development of medical system and clinical applications.
Interactions Between Caregiving and Sex and the Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Gallagher Stephen , Ryan Ruth , Cassidy Irene , Tang Wenyi , Whittaker Anna C. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Antibody response to vaccination is a powerful paradigm for studying the effects of chronic stress on immune function. In the present study, we used this paradigm to examine the interaction between caregiving (as a type of chronic stress) and sex on the antibody response to a single dose of a COVID-19 vaccination; recent research has called for examination of sex differences on health outcomes among family caregivers. A three-way interaction between caregiving, sex, and psychological distress was also examined.

Methods
COVID-19 antibody data were extracted from 165 caregivers (98 females) and 386 non-caregivers (244 females) from the UK’s Understanding Society COVID-19 study. Relevant sociodemographics, health and lifestyle, and distress variables were gathered as potential covariates.

Results
In a 2 × 2 ANOVA, we found that the interaction between caregiving and sex was significant; male caregivers had a lower antibody response to the vaccine compared to female caregivers (F(1,547), =24.82, p < .001, η
2
p = 0.043). Following adjustment, male caregivers had the lowest antibody response relative to all other groups. The three-way interaction model, controlling for covariates, was also significant (R
2 = 0.013, p = .049); the conditional effects for the three-way interaction revealed that male caregivers, compared to the other groups, had a lower antibody response at both low and medium levels of psychological distress.

Conclusion
This study found evidence of a three-way interaction between caregiving, sex, and distress on antibody response. Male caregivers had poorer antibody response to a single shot of the COVID-19 vaccination than female caregivers and male and female non-caregivers, and this was evident at low and medium levels of distress. Our findings will be discussed in relation to the caregiver and sex interactions during the pandemic.
The Common Carotid Artery in the Ultrasound Evaluation of Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Oshinsky Charles , Pollock P. Scott , Sacksen Ingeborg , Jernberg Elizabeth , Zierler R. Eugene , Bays Alison M. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
Vascular ultrasound is commonly used to diagnose giant cell arteritis (GCA). Most protocols include the temporal arteries and axillary arteries, but it is unclear which other arteries should be included. This study investigated whether inclusion of intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) in the ultrasound evaluation of GCA improves the accuracy of the examination.

Methods
We formed a fast-track clinic to use ultrasound to rapidly evaluate patients with suspected GCA. In this cohort study, patients referred for new concern for GCA received a vascular ultrasound for GCA with the temporal arteries and branches, the axillary artery, and CCA.

Results
We compared 57 patients with GCA and 86 patients without GCA. Three patients with GCA had isolated positive CCA between 1 and 1.49 mm, and 21 patients without GCA had isolated positive CCA IMT. At the 1.5-mm CCA cutoff, 4 patients without GCA had positive isolated CCA, and 1 patient with GCA had a positive isolated CCA. The sensitivity of ultrasound when adding carotid arteries to temporal and axillary arteries was 84.21% and specificity 65.12% at an intima media thickness (IMT) cutoff of ≥1 mm and 80.70% and 87.21%, respectively, at a cutoff of ≥1.5 mm.

Conclusion
Measurement of the CCA IMT rarely contributed to the diagnosis of GCA and increased the rate of false-positive results. Our data suggest that the CCA should be excluded in the initial vascular artery ultrasound protocol for diagnosing GCA. If included, an IMT cutoff of higher than 1.0 mm should be used.
Enhancing Surgical Approach
Authors: Kim Tae Hyung , Kim Young Chul , Jeong Woo Shik , Choi Jong-Woo 
Published: May 2024

Background
Innovative technologies with surgical navigation have been used for enhancing surgical accuracies for zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures and offers advantages in precision, accuracy, effectiveness, predictability, and symmetry improvement. Moreover, augmented reality (AR) navigation technology combines virtual reality, 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, and real-time interaction, making it ideal for bone tissue operations. Our study explored the usefulness and clinical efficacy of AR technology in intraoperative guidance for reducing ZMC fractures.

Methods
We retrospectively studied 35 patients with zygomatic complex fractures, comparing outcomes of AR-guided and conventional methods. Furthermore, the AR system provided real-time visualization and guidance. The evaluation included reduction accuracy using root mean square (RMS) value and symmetry analysis using a mirror image of 3D models. Results demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the AR-guided method in improving outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Results
In 35 patients (25 males, 10 females), AR-guided (n = 19) and conventional (n = 16) approaches were compared. Age, sex, and fracture type exhibited no significant differences between groups. No complications occurred, and postoperative RMS error significantly decreased (P < 0.001). The AR group had a lower postoperative RMS error (P = 0.034).

Conclusions
Augmented reality-guided surgery improved accuracy and outcomes in zygomatic complex fractures. Real-time visualization enhanced precision during reduction and fixation. This innovative approach promises enhanced surgical accuracy and patient outcomes in craniofacial surgery.
Subnormothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion (24 h) in DCD Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Abraham Nader , Gao Qimeng , Kahan Riley , Alderete Isaac S. , Wang Bangchen , Howell David N. , Anwar Imran J. , Ladowski Joseph M. , Nakata Kentaro , Jarrett Ethan , Hlewicki Kendall , Cywinska Greta , Neill Ryan , Aardema Charles , Gerber David A. , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Hughes Benjamin A. , Hartwig Matthew G. , Barbas Andrew S. 
Published: May 2024

Background.
Ex vivo kidney perfusion is an evolving platform that demonstrates promise in preserving and rehabilitating the kidney grafts. Despite this, there is little consensus on the optimal perfusion conditions. Hypothermic perfusion offers limited functional assessment, whereas normothermic perfusion requires a more complex mechanical system and perfusate. Subnormothermic machine perfusion (SNMP) has the potential to combine the advantages of both approaches but has undergone limited investigation. Therefore, the present study sought to determine the suitability of SNMP for extended kidney preservation.

Methods.
SNMP at 22–25 °C was performed on a portable device for 24 h with porcine kidneys. Graft assessment included measurement of mechanical parameters and biochemical analysis of the perfusate using point-of-care tests. To investigate the viability of kidneys preserved by SNMP, porcine kidney autotransplants were performed in a donation after circulatory death (DCD) model. SNMP was also compared with static cold storage (SCS). Finally, follow-up experiments were conducted in a subset of human kidneys to test the translational significance of findings in porcine kidneys.

Results.
In the perfusion-only cohort, porcine kidneys all displayed successful perfusion for 24 h by SNMP, evidenced by stable mechanical parameters and biological markers of graft function. Furthermore, in the transplant cohort, DCD grafts with 30 min of warm ischemic injury demonstrated superior posttransplant graft function when preserved by SNMP in comparison with SCS. Finally, human kidneys that underwent 24-h perfusion exhibited stable functional and biological parameters consistent with observations in porcine organs.

Conclusions.
These observations demonstrate the suitability and cross-species generalizability of subnormothermic machine perfusion to maintain stable kidney perfusion and provide foundational evidence for improved posttransplant graft function of DCD kidneys after SNMP compared with SCS.
Use of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte and Nasal Epithelium Models to Establish a Multi-Tissue Model Platform to Validate Repurposed Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Gödde Nathan J , O’Brien Carmel M , Vincan Elizabeth , Vashi Aditya , Olliff Stephanie , Tran Bang M , Waters Shafagh A , Goldie Sarah , van Vuren Petrus Jansen , Riddell Shane , Bruce Matthew P , Agarwal Vinti , Athan Eugene , Blasdell Kim R , Chahal Simran , Creek Darren J , Faheem  , Jain Hardik A , Kirkpatrick Carl M , Kumar Anupama , MacRaild Christopher A , Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman Mohammed , Sankaranarayanan Murugesan , Shah Rohan M , Styles Ian K , Tachedjian Mary , Trevaskis Natalie L , Singanallur Nagendrakumar B , McAuley Alexander J , Vasan Seshadri S 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and any future coronavirus outbreaks will require more affordable, effective and safe treatment options to complement current ones such asPaxlovid. Drug repurposing can be a promising approach if we are able to find a rapid, robust and reliable way to down-select and screen candidates usingin silicoandin vitroapproaches. With repurposed drugs, ex vivo models could offer a rigorous route to human clinical trials with less time invested into nonclinical animal (in vivo) studies. We have previously shown the value of commercially availableex vivo/3Dairway and alveolar tissue models, and this paper takes this further by developing and validating human nasal epithelial model and embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocyte model. Five shortlisted candidates (fluvoxamine, everolimus, pyrimethamine, aprepitant and sirolimus) were successfully compared with three control drugs (remdesivir, molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir) when tested against key variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus including Delta and Omicron, and we were able to reconfirm our earlier finding that fluvoxamine can induce antiviral efficacy in combination with other drugs. Scalability of this high-throughput screening approach has been demonstrated using a liquid handling robotic platform for future ‘Disease-X’ outbreaks.
A new GRAB sensor reveals differences in the dynamics and molecular regulation between neuropeptide and neurotransmitter release
Authors: Xia Xiju , Li Yulong 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe co-existence and co-transmission of neuropeptides and small molecule neurotransmitters in the same neuron is a fundamental aspect of almost all neurons across various species. However, the differences regarding theirin vivospatiotemporal dynamics and underlying molecular regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a GPCR-activation-based (GRAB) sensor for detecting short neuropeptide F (sNPF) with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Furthermore, we explore the differences ofin vivodynamics and molecular regulation between sNPF and acetylcholine (ACh) from the same neurons. Interestingly, the release of sNPF and ACh shows different spatiotemporal dynamics. Notably, we found that distinct synaptotagmins (Syt) are involved in these two processes, as Syt7 and Sytα for sNPF release, while Syt1 for ACh release. Thus, this new GRAB sensor provides a powerful tool for studying neuropeptide release and providing new insights into the distinct release dynamics and molecular regulation between neuropeptides and small molecule neurotransmitters.
Discovery and binding site identification of a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that interacts with double-stranded DNA
Authors: Yao Wang , Yajie Tang , Zhihui Jiang , Lei Ma , Yiwen Liu , Sen Lin , Yaoyu Xu , Wenhui Zhang , Shaoting Weng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractScientists have conducted in-depth studies on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding and protein interaction network of single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs). SSBs are widely present in cells from lower prokaryotes to higher mammals and are important proteins for ssDNA protection. In-depth studies in recent years have revealed a wide range of interactions between SSBs and other proteins. Studies have shown that in addition to playing the role of ssDNA protector, SSBs are also important members of biochemical pathways such as DNA replication and recombination. In this study, a single-stranded DNA binding protein SSF encoded byE. coliF plasmid with highly conserved N-terminal region was demonstrated to have ssDNA binding ability similar toE. coliSSB through gel migration experiments. At the same time, the dsDNA binding ability of SSF was also demonstrated, and the dissociation constant of this interaction (in the range of microliters) was determined by Micro-scale Thermophoresis (MST). Through the above experiments, a previously unreported SSB with dsDNA binding ability was revealed, and the region interacting with dsDNA was determined to be the C-terminal unstructured region. This study lays a foundation for further understanding of the mechanism of bacterial conjugation conducted by F plasmid, as well as the potential dsDNA binding ability and biological significance of other SSBs.