bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frailty evidence‐practice gaps in acute care hospitals
Authors: Block Heather , Tran Rosanna , Lockwood Keri , Manuel Kisani , Laver Kate , Crotty Maria , Cameron Ian D. , Kurrle Susan E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesFrailty is common in hospitalised older people. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of frailty provide recommendations for identification and management; however, adoption into practice in hospitals is limited. This study identified and quantified the evidence‐practice gap between frailty guidelines and clinical practice in two hospitals using an audit tool.MethodsA cross‐sectional audit of medical records of frail older patients admitted to two hospitals was conducted. Data were collected using an audit tool based on the Asia Pacific Clinical Practice Guidelines for frailty management. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inter‐rater reliability of the tool was assessed.ResultsAuditing of n = 70 electronic medical records showed that assessment of frailty in the acute setting did not regularly occur (17%). Few participants received guideline‐recommended interventions. Physiotherapy treatment was limited, with 23% of participants receiving progressive resistance strength training. Gaps exist in provision of nutritional supplementation (26%) with limited recordings of weight during the admission for 10% of participants. Pharmacy review of medications was consistently documented on admission (84%) and discharge (93%). Vitamin D was prescribed for 57% of participants. Inter‐rater reliability showed a high level of agreement using the audit tool.ConclusionsAn audit tool was feasible to assess frailty evidence‐practice gaps in the hospital setting. Further understanding of the contextual barriers is needed to inform implementation strategies (dedicated staffing, education and training and ongoing audit of practice cycles) for the uptake of frailty guidelines in hospital settings.
Need satisfaction in daily well‐being: Both social and solitude contexts contribute to well‐being
Authors: Adams Mark , Weinstein Netta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDaily need satisfaction for relatedness (social connection), autonomy (volitional self‐congruent action), and competence (self‐efficacy) fosters well‐being, but those findings primarily reflect experiences during social interactions. A three‐week daily diary study (N = 178) explored psychological need satisfaction in two key everyday contexts: solitude and social. Holding constant the benefits of need‐satisfying social contexts, autonomy satisfaction during solitude was key to peaceful affect, whereas competence satisfaction during solitude contributed to lower loneliness; both psychological needs in solitude contributed to evaluating the day as more satisfying. Relatedness‐deficiency in solitude did not contribute to loneliness; instead, those who were relatedness‐deficient in social interactions felt lonely. Further, need satisfaction in solitude compensated for deficient needs in social contexts, reducing loneliness (autonomy and relatedness) and increasing day satisfaction (all needs) when social contexts failed to satisfy needs. Findings suggest daily solitude can shape daily well‐being and further attention is needed to understand and ultimately improve everyday solitude.
Creating environments for risky play: Understanding the interplay between parents, play professionals and policymakers
Authors: Visser Kirsten , Van Aalst Irina , Meijer Marlies 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlaying outside is essential to growing up actively, socially and in good health. It is theorized that children particularly benefit from risky play situations. Opportunities for risky play, however, have declined in the last decades. Based on interviews with parents, play professionals and municipal policymakers in the Netherlands, we illustrate how environments for children's (risky) play are produced through the interplay between these three groups of stakeholders. Beliefs, attitudes and decisions of these stakeholders influence choices on risk and safety, which, in turn, become manifest in the social and physical context for play.
Synaptic vesicle protein 2A mitigates parthanatos via apoptosis‐inducing factor in a rat model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Authors: Li Chen , Wang Ziqi , Ren Mianmian , Ren Siying , Wu Guofeng , Wang Likun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsSynaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) is a unique therapeutic target for pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PRE). As seizure‐induced neuronal programmed death, parthanatos was rarely reported in PRE. Apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF), which has been implicated in parthanatos, shares a common cytoprotective function with SV2A. We aimed to investigate whether parthanatos participates in PRE and is mitigated by SV2A via AIF.MethodsAn intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride‐pilocarpine was used to establish an epileptic rat model, and phenytoin and phenobarbital sodium were utilized to select PRE and pharmacosensitive rats. The expression of SV2A was manipulated via lentivirus delivery into the hippocampus. Video surveillance was used to assess epileptic ethology. Biochemical tests were employed to test hippocampal tissues following a successful SV2A infection. Molecular dynamic calculations were used to simulate the interaction between SV2A and AIF.ResultsParthanatos core index, PARP1, PAR, nuclear AIF and MIF, γ‐H2AX, and TUNEL staining were all increased in PRE. SV2A is bound to AIF to form a stable complex, successfully inhibiting AIF and MIF nuclear translocation and parthanatos and consequently mitigating spontaneous recurrent seizures in PRE. Moreover, parthanatos deteriorated after the SV2A reduction.SignificanceSV2A protected hippocampal neurons and mitigated epileptic seizures by inhibiting parthanatos via binding to AIF in PRE.
Fading choice: transport costs and variety in consumer goods
Authors: Willem Gunning Jan , Krishnan Pramila , Mengistu Andualem T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine the spatial variation in variety of manufactured consumer goods to study how choice fades across space. We use data on 132 consumer goods and over 800 brands available from a purpose‐designed survey of fixed shops and periodic market stalls in towns and villages in Ethiopia. We find that local consumer choice fades, with fewer varieties in remoter villages. On average, these villages have approximately half the number of available items compared to their nearest market town. A fall in travel time of a half‐hour is associated with 4 extra goods and 9 brands. Variety also increases with inequality and market size. Furthermore, we estimate a model of heterogeneous consumers with a preference for variety and monopolistically competitive traders to disentangle the role of transport costs from the taste for variety, and to assess the consequences for prices. Our model estimates suggest that local consumer prices contain a markup of 8% above source town prices and transport costs. We demonstrate the significant costs to consumers from both low variety and high trade costs. Ignoring such costs means that poverty is underestimated in remote places. In turn, when infrastructure investments raise variety, the likely fall in poverty will be underestimated too.
Normative Case Studies and Thought Experiments: How They Differ and Why We Need Both
Authors: Brighouse Harry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThought experiments and normative case studies can play different and complementary roles in moral and political philosophizing. Thought experiments help us to sculpt and refine normative concepts and alert us to contradictions between intuitive judgments and basic principles, or among intuitive judgments, thus informing our reflective equilibrium about what fundamentally matters. Normative case studies assist us in judging how to trade off conflicting values in specified circumstances. Engaging with a sufficient number of well‐wrought normative case studies can thus inform our ultimate judgments about the relative weights of different values.
House cricket males reared at different perceived acoustic population densities differ in adult behaviour but not physiology
Authors: Pessman Brandi J. , Rae Rosaria J. , Wagner Veronica , Mitra Chandreyee 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
If environments stay relatively constant over an individual's lifetime, a juvenile that accurately perceives environmental conditions, like population density, may adjust adult traits to better match their environment, thereby increasing success. While previous studies have explored how adult exposure to population density affects physiological and behavioural plasticity, the influence of juvenile density experience on adult traits is less studied.
Using the common house cricket, Acheta domesticus, we explored whether perceived acoustic population density during development affected adult physiology and behaviour. We simulated high‐ and low‐densities using live ambient male song. Upon maturation, we measured metabolic (resting respiration) rate, reproductive investment (testes and accessory gland masses), calling song characteristics and aggressive behaviours from pairwise contests between males from different densities.
Male rearing density did not affect resting metabolic rates or reproductive organ masses. However, high‐density males had significantly faster, longer chirps, with more pulses—known to be preferred by females—and higher dominant frequency. Low‐density males won more aggressive contests and sang the aggressive song more. Initiation of aggressive behaviours or song and singing more aggressive song were the only other significant predictors of contest outcome.
These results suggest that males may plastically adjust calling song characteristics and aggressive behaviour, but not physiology, based on perceived density during development. We hypothesize that alternative mating tactics—that is, territory guarding versus attractive song production—may underlie these observed patterns.
Overall, our study highlights the significant influence of early‐life biotic environments on adult behavioural decisions to enhance success in diverse environments.
A neurophysiological profiling of the heartbeat‐evoked potential in severe acquired brain injuries: A focus on unconsciousness
Authors: Liuzzi Piergiuseppe , Cassioli Tiziano , Secci Sara , Hakiki Bahia , Scarpino Maenia , Burali Rachele , di Palma Azzurra , Toci Tanita , Grippo Antonello , Cecchi Francesca , Frosini Andrea , Mannini Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnconsciousness in severe acquired brain injury (sABI) patients occurs with different cognitive and neural profiles. Perturbational approaches, which enable the estimation of proxies for brain reorganization, have added a new avenue for investigating the non‐behavioural diagnosis of consciousness. In this prospective observational study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the topological patterns of heartbeat‐evoked potentials (HEP) between patients experiencing a prolonged disorder of consciousness (pDoC) and patients emerging from a minimally consciousness state (eMCS). A total of 219 sABI patients were enrolled, each undergoing a synchronous EEG‐ECG resting‐state recording, together with a standardized consciousness diagnosis. A number of graph metrics were computed before/after the HEP (Before/After) using the R‐peak on the ECG signal. The peak value of the global field power of the HEP was found to be significantly higher in eMCS patients with no difference in latency. Power spectrum was not able to discriminate consciousness neitherBeforenorAfter. Node assortativity and global efficiency were found to vary with different trends at unconsciousness. Lastly, the Perturbational Complexity Index of the HEP was found to be significantly higher in eMCS patients compared with pDoC. Given that cortical elaboration of peripheral inputs may serve as a non‐behavioural determinant of consciousness, we have devised a low‐cost and translatable technique capable of estimating causal proxies of brain functionality with an endogenous, non‐invasive stimulus. Thus, we present an effective means to enhance consciousness assessment by incorporating the interaction between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS) into the loop.
Cardiovascular safety of dihydroergotamine mesylate delivered by precision olfactory delivery (INP104) for the acute treatment of migraine
Authors: Dafer Rima M. , Tietjen Gretchen E. , Rothrock John F. , Vann Robert E. , Shrewsbury Stephen B. , Aurora Sheena K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo report the cardiovascular (CV) safety of dihydroergotamine mesylate (DHE) administered by precision olfactory delivery (INP104) from two clinical trials.BackgroundAlthough the absolute risk is low, migraine is associated with an increased risk of CV events. DHE is a highly effective acute treatment for migraine, but due to its theoretical risk of promoting arterial vasoconstriction, DHE is contraindicated in patients with CV disease or an unfavorable risk factor profile. The INP104 is a novel drug‐device combination product approved for acute treatment of migraine that delivers DHE to the upper nasal space using precision olfactory delivery (POD®).MethodsThe STOP 101 was a Phase 1 open‐label study that assessed the safety, tolerability, and bioavailability of INP104 1.45 mg, intravenous DHE 1.0 mg, and MIGRANAL (nasal DHE) 2.0 mg in healthy participants. The STOP 301 was a pivotal Phase 3, open‐label study that assessed the safety, tolerability, and exploratory efficacy of INP104 1.45 mg over 24 and 52 weeks in patients with migraine. In both studies, active or a history of CV disease, as well as significant CV risk factors, were exclusion criteria.ResultsIn STOP 101, 36 participants received one or more doses of investigational product. Treatment with intravenous DHE, but not INP104 or nasal DHE, resulted in clinically relevant changes from baseline in systolic blood pressure (BP; 11.4 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9–15.0) and diastolic BP (13.3 mmHg, 95% CI 9.4–17.1) at 5 min post‐dose, persisting up to 30 min post‐dose for systolic BP (6.3 mmHg; 95% CI 3.0–9.5) and diastolic BP (7.9 mmHg, 95% CI 3.9–11.9). None of the treatments produced any clinically meaningful electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. In STOP 301, 354 patients received one or more doses of INP104. Over 24 weeks, five patients (1.4%) experienced a non‐serious, vascular treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE). Minimal changes were observed for BP and ECG parameters over 24 or 52 weeks. Off‐protocol concomitant use of triptans and other ergot derivatives did not result in any TEAEs.ConclusionIn two separate studies, INP104 demonstrated a favorable CV safety profile when used in a study population without CV‐related contraindications.
The roles of essential trace elements in T cell biology
Authors: Lan Linbo , Feng Zhao , Liu Xiaobin , Zhang Baojun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractT cells are crucial for adaptive immunity to regulate proper immune response and immune homeostasis. T cell development occurs in the thymus and mainly differentiates into CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon stimulation, naive T cells differentiate into distinct CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which mediate immunity homeostasis and defend against pathogens or tumours. Trace elements are minimal yet essential components of human body that cannot be overlooked, and they participate in enzyme activation, DNA synthesis, antioxidant defence, hormone production, etc. Moreover, trace elements are particularly involved in immune regulations. Here, we have summarized the roles of eight essential trace elements (iron, zinc, selenium, copper, iodine, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt) in T cell development, activation and differentiation, and immune response, which provides significant insights into developing novel approaches to modulate immunoregulation and immunotherapy.
Geometric growth of the normal human craniocervical junction from 0 to 18 years old
Authors: Raoul‐Duval Juliette , Ganet Angèle , Benichi Sandro , Baixe Pauline , Cornillon Clara , Eschapasse Lou , Geoffroy Maya , Paternoster Giovanna , James Syril , Laporte Sébastien , Blauwblomme Thomas , Khonsari Roman H. , Taverne Maxime 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe craniocervical junction (CCJ) forms the bridge between the skull and the spine, a highly mobile group of joints that allows the mobility of the head in every direction. The CCJ plays a major role in protecting the inferior brainstem (bulb) and spinal cord, therefore also requiring some stability. Children are subjected to multiple constitutive or acquired diseases involving the CCJ: primary bone diseases such as in FGFR‐related craniosynostoses or acquired conditions such as congenital torticollis, cervical spine luxation, and neurological disorders. To design efficient treatment plans, it is crucial to understand the relationship between abnormalities of the craniofacial region and abnormalities of the CCJ. This can be approached by the study of control and abnormal growth patterns. Here we report a model of normal skull base growth by compiling a collection of geometric models in control children. Focused analyses highlighted specific developmental patterns for each CCJ bone, emphasizing rapid growth during infancy, followed by varying rates of growth and maturation during childhood and adolescence until reaching stability by 18 years of age. The focus was on the closure patterns of synchondroses and sutures in the occipital bone, revealing distinct closure trajectories for the anterior intra‐occipital synchondroses and the occipitomastoid suture. The findings, although based on a limited dataset, showcased specific age‐related changes in width and closure percentages, providing valuable insights into growth dynamics within the first 2 years of life. Integration analyses revealed intricate relationships between skull and neck structures, emphasizing coordinated growth at different stages. Specific bone covariation patterns, as found between the first and second cervical vertebrae (C1 and C2), indicated synchronized morphological changes. Our results provide initial data for designing inclusive CCJ geometric models to predict normal and abnormal growth dynamics.
CAD/CAM versus traditional complete dentures: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of patient‐ and clinician‐reported outcomes and costs
Authors: Jafarpour Dana , Haricharan Praveen Bhoopathi , de Souza Raphael Freitas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStatement of ProblemComputer‐aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) have been increasingly used to enhance the patient and clinician experiences with removable complete dentures (CDs). Yet, evidence from systematic reviews is lacking to validate the clinical significance of these digital prostheses.PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to compare CAD/CAM CDs with the traditional ones in terms of patient and clinician‐reported outcomes, post‐insertion adjustment visits and costs.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search of four databases [Medline (Ovid), Embase, Scopus and Cochrane CENTRAL; last update: May 2022] was performed to retrieve clinical studies comparing CAD/CAM and traditional CDs. Two independent reviewers screened the articles, extracted data (methods and outcomes) and assessed risk of bias of the included studies. The following outcomes underwent meta‐analysis (random‐effects model): overall patient and clinician satisfaction, oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), number of post‐insertion adjustment visits, as well as laboratory and total costs.ResultsThis review included 11 studies. Meta‐analysis revealed that CAD/CAM CDs are comparable to the traditional CDs in terms of overall patient satisfaction and OHRQoL. Clinician‐reported data depended on the manufacturing technique: whereas milled CDs performed better than traditional CDs in terms of clinician satisfaction and number of adjustments, 3D printed and traditional CDs were similar. Fabrication of CAD/CAM CDs required significantly less laboratory and overall costs than the traditional CDs.ConclusionsThere is some evidence showing that CAD/CAM CDs are at least comparable to traditional CDs. Further well‐designed randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the performance of specific CAD/CAM approaches for manufacturing CDs, however.
Which emotion regulation strategy is efficient for whom? Reappraisal and suppression efficiency for adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles
Authors: Trentini Elena , Dan‐Glauser Elise 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the efficiency of different emotion regulation strategies, specifically reappraisal and suppression, in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles.BackgroundPersonality conditions emotions and influences emotion regulation. Of the available regulation strategies, reappraisal (reinterpreting the situation) is described as an efficient strategy, whereas suppression (not displaying the experienced emotion) carries higher physiological and cognitive costs. Little is known, however, about the influence of personality on these efficiencies.MethodWe tested the personality structure of 102 participants (Meanage = 20.75, SDage = 2.15), based on the Five‐Factor Model and the Maladaptive Personality Trait Model. Experience, expressivity, and physiological arousal were recorded during the viewing of emotionally charged positive and negative images while participants reappraised, suppressed, or viewed the images without regulating their emotions.ResultsWe identified two clusters for adaptive personality (“Adaptive Resilient” and “Anti‐resilient”) and two for maladaptive personality (“Maladaptive Resilient” and “Under‐controlled”). The major finding was for emotional experience in maladaptive personalities, where reappraisal was efficient in the Maladaptive Resilient profile, while none of the strategies brought relief in the Under‐controlled profile.ConclusionThis study, which systematically contrasts personality and efficiency of emotion regulation strategies, is one of the first attempts to refine the understanding of how personality influences the emotional regulation process.
Social security, bequests, and social comparisons
Authors: Borissov Kirill , Kalk Andrei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine the long‐run impact of unfunded social security on capital stock and wealth inequality in an overlapping generations (OLG) model where newborn individuals differ in their inheritance. In our model, individuals' decisions are subject to social comparisons, which can lead to overspending on personal consumption and result in zero bequests left within poor families. In this scenario, unfunded social security increases long‐run wealth inequality by redistributing wealth from poor to rich families, who always leave bequests. However, it increases long‐run capital stock, too. We also show that when none or all of the families leave bequests in the long run, our model predicts negative and neutral effects of social security on capital accumulation, in line with the standard OLG models of Diamond and Barro. Thus, our results emphasize the need to account for heterogeneity in bequest behavior in the analysis of social security.