bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity, in splanchnic artery occlusion and reperfusion
Authors: Paterniti Irene , Galuppo Maria , Mazzon Emanuela , Impellizzeri Daniela , Esposito Emanuela , Bramanti Placido , Cuzzocrea Salvatore 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPharmacological action of Apocynin, used as an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase, when applied to an experimental model of SAO shock.SAO shock is a severe form of circulatory shock produced by I/R of the splanchnic organs. SAO causes an enhanced formation of ROS, which contributes to the pathophysiology of shock. Apocynin is a naturally occurring, methoxy-substituted catechol, experimentally used as an inhibitor of NOX. It can decrease the production of ROS from activated neutrophils and macrophages, inhibiting the assembly of NADPH-oxidase activity. In this study, we wanted to evaluate the pharmacological action of apocynin in rats subjected to SAO shock, which was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk, resulting in a total occlusion of these arteries for 45 min. After this period of occlusion, the clamps were removed. Administration of apocynin i.p. (5 mg/kg i.p. 10% DMSO) 5 min before reperfusion significantly reduced the (1) histological evidence of tissue injury, (2) proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β), (3) adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, P-selectin), (4) nitrotyrosine formation, (5) NF-κB expression, and (6) apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, Fas-L, and TUNEL). These results could imply a future use of apocynin in the treatment of I/R shock.
Hallmarks of opium poisoning in infants and toddlers
Authors: Zamani Nasim , Sanaei-Zadeh Hossein , Mostafazadeh Babak 
Published: September 2010

Accidental opium intoxication in children is an extremely dangerous poisoning if it remains undiagnosed and untreated. The classic triad of miosis, decreased level of consciousness and bradypnea, which are the hallmarks of opiate intoxication, are used for the diagnosis of opium poisoning in adults and children. Little attention has been paid to the signs of opium intoxication in children and no published study has explored the frequency of hallmarks of this type of poisoning in the paediatric population. We conducted a study in order to evaluate the prevalence of major signs of opium poisoning in infants and toddlers. In this study, a total of 228 infants and 82 toddlers who had been admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital as a result of opium poisoning between 2001 and 2009 were evaluated, retrospectively. The most usual sign of opium poisoning was miosis (90%) followed by a decreased level of consciousness (88.4%), bradypnea (28.4%) and seizure (10.3%). The prevalence of the triad of miosis, bradypnea and a decreased level of consciousness was 25.2%. Miosis in association with decreased level of consciousness was detected in 82.6% of our patients. Bradypnea was present in 74 infants and 14 toddlers, which shows a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.01). The mean age and weight of the patients with bradypnea were significantly less than those without bradypnea ( P = 0.008 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Bradypnea and seizure were significantly more common in females (36.7% versus 26%; P = 0.05 and 15.2% versus 6.5%; P = 0.01, respectively). Miosis in association with a decreased level of consciousness is the most useful indicator of opium poisoning in infants and toddlers. Furthermore, seizure is a more common feature of this type of poisoning in infants, especially in those who are less than 1 month old.
Development of Cephradine-Induced Acquired Factor V Inhibitors: A Case Report
Authors: Wu Men-Tai , Pei Sung-Nan 
Published: September 2010

Objective: To report a case of cephalosporin-induced factor V inhibitor development, an uncommon but potentially fatal condition characterized by severe hemorrhage. Case Summary: A 71-year-old Chinese man presented with factor V inhibitors after a 7-day cephradine course for a urinary tract infection, characterized by abnormal prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), gross hematuria, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and left groin hematoma. Systemic corticosteroid administration restored his factor V activity levels, PT, and aPTT to within normal limits, and hemorrhagic symptoms resolved. Three weeks after successful treatment of bleeding diathesis, he received another 8-day cephradine course for cellulitis. After another 4 weeks, he suffered from recurrent factor V inhibitors presented with abnormal PT, aPTT, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient eventually died due to hemorrhagic shock despite a second course of corticosteroids. Discussion: Cephalosporins are known to cause coagulopathy via hypoprothrombinemia. Another pathway seldom mentioned in the literature is factor V inhibitor induction, which may result in factor V deficiency. In our patient, factor V deficiency due to inhibitors developed each time that the patient received repeated cephradine treatment. According to the Naranjo probability scale, the relation between the formation of factor V inhibitors and cephradine treatment was probable. Conclusions: Because cephalosporins are commonly used for their wide therapeutic index and few adverse effects, iatrogenic complications associated with these drugs may be neglected or underdiagnosed. On the basis of our patient's report, careful review of medical records to avoid reexposure to the offending drug cannot be overemphasized.
Determination of Total Homocysteine, Methylmalonic Acid, and 2-Methylcitric Acid in Dried Blood Spots by Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Turgeon Coleman T , Magera Mark J , Cuthbert Carla D , Loken Perry R , Gavrilov Dimitar K , Tortorelli Silvia , Raymond Kimiyo M , Oglesbee Devin , Rinaldo Piero , Matern Dietrich 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUNDNewborn screening (NBS) for inborn errors of propionate, methionine, and cobalamin metabolism relies on finding abnormal concentrations of methionine and propionylcarnitine. These analytes are not specific for these conditions and lead to frequent false-positive results. More specific markers are total homocysteine (tHCY), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and methylcitric acid (MCA), but these markers are not detected by current NBS methods. To improve this situation, we developed a method for the detection of tHCY, MMA, and MCA in dried blood spots (DBSs) by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).METHODSThe analytes were extracted from a single 4.8-mm DBS punch with acetonitrile:water:formic acid (59:41:0.42) containing dithiothreitol and isotopically labeled standards (d3-MMA, d3-MCA, d8-homocystine). The extract was dried and treated with 3 N HCl in n-butanol to form butylesters. After evaporation of the butanol, the residue was reconstituted and centrifuged and the supernatant was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. Algorithms were developed to apply this method as an efficient and effective second-tier assay on samples with abnormal results by primary screening.RESULTSThe 99th percentiles determined from the analysis of 200 control DBSs for MMA, MCA, and HCY were 1.5, 0.5, and 9.8 μmol/L, respectively. Since 2005, prospective application of this second-tier analysis to 2.3% of all NBS samples led to the identification of 13 affected infants.CONCLUSIONSApplication of this assay reduced the false-positive rate and improved the positive predictive value of NBS for conditions associated with abnormal propionylcarnitine and methionine concentrations.
Measurement of internal stress in Radiata pine sapwood during drying using an improved online sensor
Authors: Ferrari Silvia , Pearson Hamish , Allegretti Ottaviano , Gabbitas Brian 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Internal stress in wood as a result of kiln drying is an important factor that affects the quality of the final product. Internal stress is inherently difficult to measure and it is usually either assessed through destructive sample evaluation after drying, or is predictively modelled using extensive material property relations which require much effort to obtain. This study describes improvements of the design, accuracy, and precision of a previously constructed stress sensor for the direct measurement of internal stress in wood during drying. The sensor is designed to be placed directly into a wood block and it records online internal uniaxial stress. Lurethane® was found to be the best material for transmitting internal stress to the sensor because reduced creep was observed, compared with Teflon® which was originally used. Stress modelling showed that a linear relation could be theoretically obtained between the stress from the sensor and the actual primary axis stress that is likely to occur in an intact wood block. Accordingly, the response of a sensor placed in a certain area could be successfully calibrated. However, rotation of the sensor away from the primary stress axis caused a decrease in recorded stress but did not affect stress trends during drying, provided the angle remained constant. Finally, stress results from drying Pinus radiata D. Don at 70°C are also described and discussed.
Improvement of glued-in-rod joint system using compressed wooden dowel
Authors: Jung Kiho , Murakami Satoru , Kitamori Akihisa , Chang Wen-Shao , Komatsu Kohei 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop eco-friendly and high-performance glued-in-rod (GIR) joints using compressed wood (CW), which has higher tensile strength than normal hardwood, instead of conventional wooden dowels. To explore the bonding performance of the dowel and base material, punching shear tests were performed and relationships were established between the density of CW dowel and punching characteristics. Pull-out tests of GIR joints were performed and results were compared with those derived from a mechanical model to evaluate the influence of insertion length of dowel and to define its optimized length. The results indicate that CW dowel has almost the same bonding performance in the density range 330–1000 kg m-3. Hence, CW as a dowel material in GIR joints has a high application potential. Pull-out tests of GIR joints showed that the insertion length of dowel in GIR joints with the CW-67 dowel is the best if the length is 10 times larger than its diameter. In addition to its satisfactory bonding performance, CW dowels have excellent tensile characteristics.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Subcrestal Placement of Dental Implants: In Vitro and Numerical Analyses
Authors: Chu Chun‐Ming , Hsu Jui‐Ting , Fuh Lih‐Jyh , Huang Heng‐Li 
Published: September 2010

Background: This study investigates the effect of depth of insertion in subcrestal cortical bone (SB) and thickness of connected cortical bone (CB) for a subcrestal implant placement on bone stress and strain using statistical analyses combined with experimental strain‐gauge tests and numerical finite element (FE) simulations.Methods: Three experimental, artificial jawbone models and 72 FE models were prepared for evaluation of bone strain and stress around various equicrestal and subcrestal implants. For in vitro tests, rosette strain gauges were used with a data acquisition system to measure bone strain on the bucco‐lingual side. The maximum von Mises stresses in the bone were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance for FE models.Results: The experimental bone strains reduced significantly (22% to 49%) as the thickness of CB increased. FE analyses indicated that the suggested CB thickness for efficiently minimizing bone stress was 0.5 to 2.5 mm. The results for the depth of SB were not absolute because obvious stress reductions only presented at a certain range of depth (0.6 to 1.2 mm).Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, increasing the thickness of CB and maintaining the depth of SB within a limited range can provide the benefit of decreasing the stress and strain in surrounding bone for subcrestally placed implants.
One‐Year Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Garcia M. Nathalia , Hildebolt Charles F. , Miley D. Douglas , Dixon Debra A. , Couture Rex A. , Anderson Spearie Catherine L. , Langenwalter Eric M. , Shannon William D. , Deych Elena , Mueller Cheryl , Civitelli Roberto 
Published: September 2010

Background:A previous study reported by this group found that patients in periodontal maintenance programs taking vitamin D and calcium supplementation had a trend for better periodontal health compared to patients not taking supplementation. The objective of the present study is to determine, for the same cohort of subjects, whether such differences persist over a 1‐year period.Methods:Fifty‐one patients enrolled in maintenance programs from two dental clinics were recruited. Of these, 23 were taking vitamin D (≥400 IU/day) and calcium (≥1,000 mg/day) supplementation, and 28 were not. All subjects had at least two interproximal sites with ≥3 mm clinical attachment loss. For mandibular‐posterior teeth, gingival index, plaque index, probing depth, attachment loss, bleeding on probing, calculus index, and furcation involvement were evaluated. Photostimulable‐phosphor, posterior bitewing radiographs were taken to assess alveolar bone. Daily vitamin D and calcium intakes were estimated by nutritional analysis. Data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.Results:Total daily calcium and vitamin D intakes were 1,769 mg (95% confidence interval, 1,606 to 1,933) and 1,049 IU (781 to 1,317) in the taker group, and 642 mg (505 to 779) and 156 IU (117 to 195) in the non‐taker group, respectively (P<0.001 for both). Clinical parameters of periodontal health improved with time in both groups (P<0.001). When clinical measures were considered collectively, the differences between supplement takers and non‐takers had the followingPvalues: baseline (P= 0.061); 6 months (P= 0.049); and 12 months (P= 0.114). After adjusting for covariates, thePvalues for the effect of supplementation were as follows: baseline (P= 0.028); 6 months (P= 0.034); and 12 months (P= 0.058).Conclusions:Calcium and vitamin D supplementation (≤1,000 IU/day) had a modest positive effect on periodontal health, and consistent dental care improved clinical parameters of periodontal disease regardless of such supplements. Our findings support the possibility that vitamin D may positively impact periodontal health and confirm the need for randomized clinical trials on the effects of vitamin D on periodontitis.
Fewer Major Amputations Among Individuals With Diabetes in Finland in 1997–2007
Authors: Ikonen Tuija S. , Sund Reijo , Venermo Maarit , Winell Klas 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
Complications occur in diabetes despite rigorous efforts to control risk factors. Since 2000, the National Development Programme for the Prevention and Care of Diabetes has worked to halve the incidence of amputations in 10 years. Here we evaluate the impact of the efforts undertaken by analyzing the major amputations done in 1997–2007.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
All individuals with diabetes (n = 396,317) were identified from comprehensive national databases. Data on the first major amputations (n = 9,481) performed for diabetic and nondiabetic individuals were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Register.

RESULTS
The relative risk for the first major amputation was 7.4 (95% CI 7.2–7.7) among the diabetic versus the nondiabetic population. The standardized incidence of the first major amputation decreased among the diabetic and nondiabetic populations (48.8 and 25.2% relative risk reduction, respectively) over 11 years, and the time from the registration of diabetes to the first major amputation was significantly longer, on average 1.2 years more. The cumulative five-year postamputation mortality among diabetic individuals was 78.7%.

CONCLUSIONS
In our nationwide diabetes database, the duration from the registration of diabetes to the first major amputation increased, and the incidence of major amputations decreased almost 50% in 11 years. Approximately half of this change was due to the increasing size of the diabetic population. The risk for major amputation is more than sevenfold that among the nondiabetic population. These results pose a continuous challenge to improve diabetes care.
Three-dimensional biomechanics of simulated laryngeal abduction in horses
Authors: Perkins Justin D. , Raffetto Jennifer , Thompson Carl , Weller Renate , Piercy Richard J. , Pfau Thilo 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the influence of simulated contraction of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) muscle on the 3-D motion of the arytenoid cartilage.
Sample Population—5 larynges from equine cadavers.
Procedures—Serial computed tomographic scans of each larynx were conducted at 7 incremental forces simulating contraction of medial, lateral, and combined bellies of the left CAD muscle. Three-dimensional reconstruction of radiopaque markers placed at anatomic landmarks on the left arytenoid and cricoid cartilages enabled quantification of marker displacement according to a Cartesian coordinate system. Rotation (roll, pitch, and yaw) of dorsal and ventral arytenoid planes was calculated relative to a plane formed by the coordinates of 3 markers on the cricoid cartilage by use of Euler angles.
Results—Displacement and rotational data showed that rocking motion occurs throughout arytenoid abduction and most of the rotational component is attributable to pitch; greater pitch was associated with action of the lateral belly. Roll of the ventral arytenoid plane was principally associated with action of the medial belly, which counteracted the tendency of the arytenoid cartilage to rotate medially into the rima glottidis lumen. The distance between markers on the arytenoid cartilage was not constant during contraction because of slight deformation of the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage, therefore indicating that the arytenoid cartilage is not a rigid body during abduction.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Arytenoid cartilage abduction was dependent on the rocking motion elicited by the lateral belly of the CAD muscle; therefore, laryngoplasty suture placement should mimic the action of the lateral, rather than the medial, muscle belly. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1003–1010)
Comparison of the effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen alone or in combination on postoperative pain and on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy
Authors: Martins Teresinha L. , Kahvegian Márcia A. P. , Noel-Morgan Jessica , Leon-Román Marco A. , Otsuki Denise A. , Fantoni Denise T. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective—To compare analgesic effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen administered alone and in combination and their effects on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin (IL)-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy.
Animals—42 dogs with oral neoplasms.
Procedures—30 minutes before the end of surgery, dogs received SC injections of tramadol (2 mg/kg), codeine (2 mg/kg), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg), tramadol + ketoprofen, or codeine + ketoprofen (at the aforementioned dosages). Physiologic variables, analgesia, and sedation were measured before (baseline) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 hours after surgery. Blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum IL-6 concentrations were measured 1, 3, 5, and 24 hours after administration of analgesics.
Results—All treatments provided adequate postoperative analgesia. Significant increases in mean ± SD blood glucose concentrations were detected in dogs receiving tramadol (96 ± 14 mg/dL), codeine (120 ± 66 mg/dL and 96 ± 21 mg/dL), ketoprofen (105 ± 22 mg/dL), and codeine + ketoprofen (104 ± 16 mg/dL) at 5, 1 and 3, 5, and 3 hours after analgesic administration, respectively, compared with preoperative (baseline) values. There were no significant changes in physiologic variables, serum IL-6 concentrations, or serum cortisol concentrations. Dogs administered codeine + ketoprofen had light but significant sedation at 4, 5, and 24 hours.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Opioids alone or in combination with an NSAID promoted analgesia without adverse effects during the 24-hour postoperative period in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy for removal of oral neoplasms. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1019–1026)
Erythrocyte survival time in Greyhounds as assessed by use of in vivo biotinylation
Authors: Garon Catherine L. , Cohn Leah A. , Scott Michael A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine erythrocyte survival time in Greyhounds.
Animals—6 Greyhounds used as blood donors and 3 privately owned non-Greyhound dogs.
Procedures—In vivo biotinylation of erythrocytes was performed by infusion of biotin—Nhydroxysuccinimide into each dog via a jugular vein catheter. Blood samples were collected 12 hours later and then at weekly intervals and were used to determine the percentage of biotin-labeled erythrocytes at each time point. Erythrocytes were washed, incubated with avidin—fluorescein isothiocyanate, and washed again before the percentage of biotinylated erythrocytes was measured by use of flow cytometry. Survival curves for the percentage of biotinylated erythrocytes were generated, and erythrocyte survival time was defined as the x-intercept of a least squares best-fit line for the linear portion of each curve.
Results—The R2 for survival curves ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 during the first 10 weeks after infusion of erythrocytes. Erythrocyte survival time for the 3 non-Greyhound dogs was 94, 98, and 116 days, respectively, which was consistent with previously reported values. Erythrocyte survival time for the 6 Greyhounds ranged from 83 to 110 days (mean, 93 days; median, 88 days). As determined by use of in vivo biotinylation, erythrocyte survival times in Greyhounds were similar to those determined for non-Greyhound dogs and did not differ significantly from erythrocyte survival times reported previously for non-Greyhound dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Erythrocyte survival time was similar in Greyhounds and non-Greyhound dogs. Greyhounds can be used as erythrocyte donors without concerns about inherently shorter erythrocyte survival time. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1033–1038)