bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonreducing Sugar Scaffold Enables the Development of Immunomodulatory TLR4‐specific LPS Mimetics with Picomolar Potency
Authors: Strobl Sebastian , Zucchetta Daniele , Vašíček Tomáš , Monti Alessandro , Ruda Alessandro , Widmalm Göran , Heine Holger , Zamyatina Alla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInnate immune defense mechanisms against infection and cancer encompass the modulation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)‐mediated inflammation, including upregulation of various transcription factors and the activation of pro‐inflammatory pathways important for immune surveillance. Dysfunction of PRRs‐mediated signaling has been implicated in cancer and autoimmune diseases, while the overactivation of PRRs‐driven responses during infection can lead to devastating consequences such as acute lung injury or sepsis. We used crystal structure‐based design to develop immunomodulatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mimetics targeting one of the ubiquitous PRRs, Toll‐like Receptor 4 (TLR4). Taking advantage of an exo‐anomeric conformation and specific molecular shape of synthetic nonreducing β,β‐diglucosamine, which was investigated by NMR, we developed two sets of lipid A mimicking glycolipids capable of either potently activating innate immune responses or inhibiting pro‐inflammatory signaling. Stereoselective 1,1′‐glycosylation towards fully orthogonally protected nonreducing GlcNβ(1↔1′)βGlcN followed by stepwise assembly of differently functionalised phosphorylated glycolipids provided biologically active molecules that were evaluated for their ability to trigger or to inhibit cellular innate immune responses. Two LPS mimetics, identified as potent TLR4‐specific inducers of the intracellular signaling pathways, serve as vaccine adjuvant‐ and immunotherapy candidates, while anionic glycolipids with TLR4‐inhibitory potential hold therapeutic promise for the management of acute or chronic inflammation.
Efficient Dienyl End‐Capping of Ruthenium Catalyzed Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization with Allyl Compounds through Base‐Promoted Metallacyclobutane Decomposition
Authors: Wang Xin , Xu Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein we demonstrate an effective and facile end‐capping technique for ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using readily available allyl compounds as a new type of terminating agents. This new type of end‐capping reactions, which are based on the base‐promoted decomposition of ruthenocyclobutane intermediates, introduce diene moiety onto the chain end of ROMP polymers while simultaneously deactivating the ruthenium complex. These termination reactions are highly efficient, typically completing within 1 minute at 0 °C with >95 % end‐capping fidelity.
Hydrodeuteroalkylation of Unactivated Olefins Using Thianthrenium Salts
Authors: Zhang Jie , Jiao Mengjie , Lu Zheng , Lu Hongjian , Wang Minyan , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIsotopically labeled alkanes play a crucial role in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. While some deuterated methylating agents are readily available, the limited accessibility of other deuteroalkyl reagents has hindered the synthesis of corresponding products. In this study, we introduce a nickel‐catalyzed system that facilitates the synthesis of various deuterium‐labeled alkanes through the hydrodeuteroalkylation of d2‐labeled alkyl TT salts with unactivated alkenes. Diverging from traditional deuterated alkyl reagents, alkyl thianthrenium (TT) salts can effectively and selectively introduce deuterium at α position of alkyl chains using D2O as the deuterium source via a single‐step pH‐dependent hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE). Our method allows for high deuterium incorporation, and offers precise control over the site of deuterium insertion within an alkyl chain. This technique proves to be invaluable for the synthesis of various deuterium‐labeled compounds, especially those of pharmaceutical relevance.
Silver and copper screen‐printed temperature sensors on flexible substrates: The impact of ink sintering conditions and composition
Authors: Vaquero Celina , Bilbao Leire , Pérez Ana , Villaverde Haizea , Maudes Jon , Adarraga Olatz , Bustero Izaskun , Hayet Miren , Caballero Julen , Santamaria Ibai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFully screen‐printed silver and copper temperature sensors were studied up to 100°C. The influence of the processing conditions and the composition of three silver and one copper commercial inks is analyzed in this study. The curing temperature is extremely relevant to stabilize the initial resistance of silver sensors, especially for those printed with the lowest solid content ink. All printed sensors showed good linear behavior in the range of 25–100°C (R2 > 0.999) except for those fabricated with the lowest solid content silver ink, which also displayed the highest hysteresis and drift. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) obtained for the copper sensors was 3.367 × 10−3 K−1 and for the three silver sensors, it ranged between 2.723 × 10−3 to 2.963 × 10−3 K−1. This TCR is higher than values reported for inkjet‐printed resistive temperature detectors. Overall, this work demonstrates that low‐cost, linear, screen‐printed temperature sensors can be successfully fabricated on flexible substrates.
Early practice makes histology masters: The use of a formative assessment quiz to prepare histology learners for a high‐stakes final examination
Authors: McTaggart Suzy , Hortsch Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAssessment of learners in the anatomical sciences is a complex task as it not only tests students' fact knowledge, but also the analysis of visual information. Sometimes, novice histology learners must acquire image recognition skills of microscopic structures in a short time frame. This paper describes a strategy of offering first year dental students at the University of Michigan a short, non‐grade contributing, formative assessment quiz in order to better prepare them for a high‐stakes, final summative histology examination. Data collected over 7 years indicate that students, who made use of this formative assessment opportunity, performed significantly better in their summative examination than students, who did not. Especially early practice quiz users profited most. Students, who used the practice quiz until they achieved a perfect score, also had statistically higher final examination scores. Students, who did not use the practice quiz, had a significantly lower cumulative D1‐year Grade Point Average (D1‐GPA) than students, who did, indicating that academically weaker students often underuse supporting learning resources. In general, scores from the Dental Admission Test (DAT) were weak predictors of learning success in the DENT 510 histology course. In contrast, the D1‐GPA values had a medium strength positive correlation with final histology examination scores. The major problem that was encountered with this practice quiz strategy was that many students waited until close to the day of the final examination before taking advantage of this feedback opportunity, thereby reducing its potential benefit for improving their overall learning strategy for histology.
Phytochemical Research and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of the Ethanol Extract from Anoectochilus Roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl
Authors: Yao Guang‐Xiao , Zhang Jian , Wu Mei , Yao Zhi‐Ren , Huang Ya‐Ping , Mu Long , Wang Lei , Pan Ke , Yin Zhi‐Qi , Song Zhe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnoectochilus roxburghii is a well‐known and valuable traditional Chinese herb due to various medicinal and functional benefits. In‐depth investigation is necessary to discover active ingredients and expand its application. In this study, four new compounds (1–4) along with ten known compounds (5–14) were isolated from the ethanol extract of A.roxburghii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The isolates were screened for their inhibitory activities on the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, compounds 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14 exhibited significant anti‐inflammatory activity through inhibiting the release of NO.
Hydrosilylation of Arynes with Silanes and Silicon‐Based Polymer
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zang Zhenming , Gao Yuan , Li Wenchang , Zhu Tingshun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBenzyne derived from hexadehydrogenated Diels Alder (HDDA) reactions was found to be an efficient hydrosilylation acceptors. Various silanes can react smoothly with HDDA‐derived benzyne to give the arylation products. Lewis acid such as boron trifluoride etherate can accelerate these hydrosilylation reactions. Polyhydromethylsiloxane (PHMS), a widely used organosilicon polymer, was also successfully modified using our method. About 5 % of Si−H bonds in the polymer were inserted by benzynes, giving a functional PHMS with much more solubility in methanol and with a blue‐emitting fluorescence behavior. Mechanism research shows that the insertion of benzyne into the Si−H bond probably undergoes a synergistic pathway, which is quite different from the traditional radical‐initiated hydrosilylation or transition‐metal‐catalyzed hydrosilylation.
The Excited State Dynamics of a Mutagenic Guanosine Etheno Adduct Investigated by Femtosecond Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanical Calculations
Authors: Lizondo‐Aranda Paloma , Gustavsson Thomas , Martínez‐Fernández Lara , Improta Roberto , Lhiaubet‐Vallet Virginie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFemtosecond fluorescence upconversion experiments were combined with CASPT2 and time dependent DFT calculations to characterize the excited state dynamics of the mutagenic etheno adduct 1,N2‐etheno‐2’‐deoxyguanosine (ϵdG). This endogenously formed lesion is attracting great interest because of its ubiquity in human tissues and its highly mutagenic properties. The ϵdG fluorescence is strongly modified with respect to that of the canonical nucleoside dG, notably by an about 6‐fold increase in fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield at neutral pH. In addition, femtosecond fluorescence upconversion experiments reveal the presence of two emission bands with maxima at 335 nm for the shorter‐lived and 425 nm for the longer‐lived. Quantum mechanical calculations rationalize these findings and provide absorption and fluorescence spectral shapes similar to the experimental ones. Two different bright minima are located on the potential energy surface of the lowest energy singlet excited state. One planar minimum, slightly more stable, is associated with the emission at 335 nm, whereas the other one, with a bent etheno ring, is associated with the red‐shifted emission.
A Fluorescent Organic Probe for Naked‐Eye Detection of Chloromethanes
Authors: Wang Xinhan , Li Jiawei , Chen Cheng , Wu Mingyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn organic fluorescent probe (OFP‐TAR) with a propeller‐like structure was designed and synthesized. The photoluminescence of OFP‐TAR in solution exhibited a significant red shift with the increase of solvent polarity, enabling a transition of fluorescence emission from blue (445 nm) to yellow (540 nm). The organic thin‐film materials based on OFP‐TAR/PMMA exhibit significant color changes upon exposure to CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CCl4, with their maximum fluorescence wavelengths measured at 445, 471, and 494 nm respectively. The device facilitates the visual detection of chloromethanes and is capable of enduring more than 7 cycles of testing. These materials can also be prepared as binary‐coded microarray data storage devices or applied in the field of anti‐counterfeiting. The quantum yields of guest‐loaded crystals CH2Cl2@OFP‐TAR, CHCl3@OFP‐TAR and CCl4@OFP‐TAR are observed as 19.13 %, 8.79 %, and 0.83 % respectively, which are consistent with the tendency of OFP‐TAR in CH2Cl2 (47.30 %), CHCl3 (34.27 %) and CCl4 (3.10 %). The fluorescence properties of OFP‐TAR, OFP‐TAR/PMMA, guest‐loaded and guest‐free crystals provided insights into the special response mechanism of OFP‐TAR towards different chloromethanes.
A High‐Entropy Intergrowth Layered‐Oxide Cathode with Enhanced Stability for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pang Yanfei , Wang Yingshuai , Jiang Chunyu , Ding Xiangyu , Xin Yuhang , Zhou Qingbo , Chen Baorui , Liu Hongfeng , Singh Preetam , Wang Qianchen , Gao Hongcai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLayered transition metal oxides are widely considered as ideal cathode materials for SIBs. However, the existing P2 and O3 structures possess specific issues, which limit their practical applications. To address these issues, this work designed a novel intergrowth layered oxide cathode with P2 and O3 phases by implementing Cu and Ti into the structure with the formation of high‐entropy cathode materials with superior performance for SIBs. The electrochemical test results show that the optimized high‐entropy cathode with the P2/O3 intergrowth structure possesses a high initial discharge capacity of 157.85 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, an excellent rate performance of 84.41 mAh g−1 at 10 C, and long‐term stability with capacity retention of 83.25 % after 500 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, the analysis results of ex situ XRD and in situ XRD indicate that the adverse phase transition of P2‐O2 under high voltage is effectively suppressed. This work indicates that the integration of high‐entropy strategy with the two‐phase intergrowth structure can effectively stabilize the layered structure, suppress the slipping of transition metal layers, and improve electrochemical performance, which provides a new approach for designing high‐performance and practical layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for advanced SIBs.
Hybrid image compression algorithm based on wavelet transform and number theoretic transformation
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wen Jiangang , Zou Yuanping , Hua Jingyu 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe wavelet transform (WT) is a widely used technique for compressing images in the Internet of Things (IoT). However, its compression ratio (CR) needs further improvement when used for IoTs with low communication rates. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight image compression method that combines the WT and number theory transform (NTT). The simulations demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses traditional compression methods in terms of achieving a good balance between CR, image recovery quality, and complexity. Therefore, it is better suited for IoT applications with low transmission rate requirements.
Automatic plant disease detection using computationally efficient convolutional neural network
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Bibi Samina , Haq Sana Ul , Asif Muhammad , Jan Tariqullah , Zafar Mohammad Haseeb 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAgricultural plants are the fundamental source of nutrients worldwide. The attack of diseases on these plants leads to food scarcity and results in a catastrophic situation. These diseases can be prevented by using manual or automatic approaches. The manual approach, where plant pathologists inspect fields, is costly, error‐prone, and time‐consuming. Alternatively, automatic approaches utilize 2D plant images processed through machine learning. The current study opts for the later approach due to its advantages in terms of speed, efficiency, and convenience. Convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based prominent models, such as MobileNet, ResNet50, Inception, and Xception, are preferred for automatic plant disease detection due to their high performance, but they demand substantial computational resources, limiting their use to a class of large‐scale farmers. The proposed study developed a novel CNN model that is suitable for small‐scale farmers. The numerical outcomes indicate that the proposed model surpassed the state‐of‐the‐art models by achieving an average accuracy of 96.86%. The proposed model utilized comparatively limited computational resources as analyzed through floating‐point operations (FLOPs), number of parameters, computation time, and model's size. Furthermore, a statistical approach was proposed to analyze a model while collectively accounting for its performance and computational complexity. It is observed from the results that the proposed model outperformed the state‐of‐the‐art techniques in terms of both average recognition accuracy and computational complexity.
Moving beyond the pathology of policies pushing species toward extinction: The case of spectacled flying foxes in Australia
Authors: Preece Noel , McGrath Chris , Kerr Maree Treadwell 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rate of extinction is increasing with little reversal of negative trends, prompting a need for conservation scientists and practitioners to rethink approaches to aid the recovery of threatened species. Many extinctions could be prevented if impediments to protecting these species were addressed effectively. This article considers how current policies and practices are failing an endangered species and how biodiversity conservation is fraught with barriers such as rhetorical adoption, policy dismantling, circumvention of legislative obligations, and the deliberate disregard of scientific evidence. These issues became evident while researching the endangered Spectacled Flying‐fox (Pteropus conspicillatus Gould 1850), which, despite over a decade of recognized decline, received little attention from authorities who could have acted to stabilize or recover its populations. Recovery plans are often the primary means used by many countries to help threatened species recover and typically fall under government responsibility for implementation. For these plans to be effective, they should be mandatory, well‐funded, and subject to stringent monitoring and reporting requirements. However, the implementation of such plans is often inconsistent, with many not meeting these criteria. The scientific basis for recovery actions is usually well‐researched, although uncertainties around outcomes remain since these actions are experimental and success is not guaranteed. The failure to implement recovery plans can be highly frustrating for conservation scientists and practitioners, often stemming from policy failures. For those involved in conservation research and practice, learning how to identify and overcome policy impediments would help to ensure the successful implementation of recovery plans. Vigilance is required to ensure that recovery teams function effectively, that recovery actions are executed, that decision‐makers are held accountable for endangering species, and that legislation includes merits review provisions to challenge poor decision‐making. Conservation scientists who monitor species of concern are often best placed to track the progress of recovery actions. When they detect insufficient action, they have a responsibility to intervene or to notify the responsible authorities. Ultimately, government policies should prioritize the protection of threatened species over economic and political interests, recognizing that extinction is irreversible and the stakes are high for biodiversity conservation.
Leveraging 5G and cloud computing for outlier detection in IoT environments: A KNN approach
Authors: Sahaaya Arul Mary S. A. , Anwar Basha H. , Mohanraj G. , Kiruthikaa R. , Saranya N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) becomes a prominent sensing paradigm between the devices. Its evolution in the global digital increases extensively in various domains. For IoT application's sensors are the primary source for generating data. These collected data are subject to the identification and detection of outliers/anomalies. The massive volume of data generation makes anomaly detection a complex and challenging task. The anomalies affect the data accuracy and data quality. In this paper, the k‐NN classifier is proposed for enhancing classification accuracy. K‐NN follows a non‐parametric strategy and is one of the known classification algorithms. In the proposed system, k‐NN is utilized to perform classification or regression with estimations of their k nearest neighbors. The proposed system consists of three major processes such as data preprocessing, classification, visualization. This study explores the utilization of 5G connectivity and cloud computing infrastructure for outlier detection in IoT data streams. Leveraging the K‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classifier, our methodology focuses on efficiently identifying anomalies in IoT data. By integrating 5G connectivity for real‐time data transmission and cloud‐based machine learning for scalable analysis, we demonstrate a robust framework for outlier detection in IoT environments. The Experimental work with the proposed method is carried out using training and observation is tabulated with respective classes. As a result, on the three metrics, the proposed k‐NN proves its efficiency is far better than the others, with an average of 98.4% of accuracy.
Plastic bronchitis associated with human bocavirus 1 infection in children
Authors: Fei‐Zhou Zhang , Mei‐Xia Huang , Xiaofen Tao , Lei Wu , Xuan Jia , Lan‐Fang Tang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlastic bronchitis (PB) is a clinical‐pathological syndrome characterized by the abnormal accumulation of endogenous substances in the bronchial airways, causing partial or complete obstruction and resulting in impaired lung ventilation.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we aim to summarize the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches to enhance clinicians' ability to detect children who are infected with human bocavirus 1 (hBoV 1) and develop PB.ResultsIn the period from January 2021 to January 2024, a total of six hBoV 1 infection children were diagnosed with PB through bronchoscopy. The onset of the condition was mainly concentrated between June and December. The detection methods used included metagenomic next‐generation sequencing for pathogen identification (three cases) and respiratory pathogen nucleic acid 13‐plex detection (oropharyngeal swab) (three cases), both of which confirmed the presence of hBoV 1. Out of the six children with PB, two were girls and four were boys. Their ages ranged from 10 months to 4 years old. Common symptoms reported by all patients included fever, cough, and wheezing. Chest high‐resolution computed tomography scans revealed atelectasis in six cases, in addition to pneumonia. After the removal of the plastic bronchi via bronchoscopy, the airway obstruction symptoms in the children were relieved, and no recurrence was observed during the follow‐up period. Pathological findings indicated cellulose exudation and inflammatory cell infiltration, consistent with nonlymphatic PB.ConclusionWhen children infected with hBoV 1 exhibit persistent or worsening symptoms such as cough, fever, and wheezing despite treatment, clinicians should remain highly vigilant for the potential occurrence of PB. Bronchoscopy plays a crucial role not only in diagnosing the presence of a plastic bronchus but also in effectively treating PB.