bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A LONG‐TERM STUDY OF THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF ALPRENOLOL
Authors: Comerford M. Brian , Pringle Alex 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwenty patients, known to have essential hypertension, were treated for an average period of 30 months with alprenolol (Aptin®). Initially, the dose reponse to 200 mg up to 800 mg daily was observed. Nine patients were well controlled on alprenolol alone (mean 555 mg daily). The mean decrease at 36 months was 31/21 supine and 28/25 standing in comparison with the initial placebo readings. Ten other patients, who were only partially controlled on alprenolol alone, were eventually well controlled by a combination of alprenolol with either hydralazine or chlorthalidone.No difference was observed in the antihypertensive effects of propranolol and alprenolol in a comparative exercise study on six of the patients.One patient was withdrawn from the study. Side‐effects of transient lassitude occurred in four patients. No signs of bronchial obstruction, postural hypotension or cardiac decompensation were observed.
THE PROBLEM OF TISSUE OXYGENATION IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ditzel Jørn , Standl Eberhard 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.In order to study the determining factors for oxygen transport the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC), red cell 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG), and plasma inorganic phosphate were estimated in insulin‐requiring juvenile and adult diabetics in various conditions of metabolic control. 2,3‐DPG has been shown to vary much more in diabetics than in normals, depending upon the state of metabolic control. These fluctuations of 2,3‐DPG are mediated by variations in plasma inorganic phosphate as indicated by a close correlation. While 2,3‐DPG was markedly decreased in diabetic ketoacidosis, it tended to be increased in ambulatory, non‐acidotic patients. Since in the non‐acidotic patients the oxygen‐carrying capacity, i.e. the haemoglobin concentration was simultaneously elevated, these findings suggest the presence of relative tissue hypoxia in diabetes.Both in non‐acidotic and in ketoacidotic patients there was a strong correlation between the amount of 2,3‐DPG and the P50at actual pH as an experssion of the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin. In order to guarantee an optimal erythrocyte oxygen release in diabetics the content of red cell 2,3‐DPG and plasma inorganic phosphate should be higher than normal.
Physiopathological Effects of Rapeseed Oil: A Review
Authors: BORG KERSTIN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRapeseed oil has a growth retarding effect in animals. Some investigators claim that the high content of erucic acid in rapeseed oil alone causes this effect, while others consider the low ratio saturated/monoun‐saturated fatty acids in rapeseed oil to be a contributory factor.Normally erucic acid is not found or occurs in traces in body fat, but when the diet contains rapeseed oil erucic acid is found in depot fat, organ fat and milk fat. Erucic acid is metabolized in vivo to oleic acid. The effects of rapeseed oil on reproduction and adrenals, testes, ovaries, liver, spleen, kidneys, blood, heart and skeletal muscles have been investigated. Fatty infiltration in the heart muscle cells has been observed in the species investigated. In long‐term experiments in rats erucic acid produces fibrosis of the myocardium. Erucic acid lowers the respiratory capacity of the heart mitochondria. The reduction of respiratory capacity is roughly proportional to the content of erucic acid in the diet, and diminishes on continued administration of erucic acid.The lifespan of rats is the same on corn oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, whale oil and rapeseed oil diet.Rats fed a diet with erucic acid or other docosenoic acids showed a lowered tolerance to cold stress (+4° C).In Sweden erucic acid constituted 3–4 % of the average intake of calories up to 1970 compared with about 0.4 % at present.
Morphological Effects of Rapeseed Oil in Rats
Authors: ENGFELDT BENGT , GUSTAFSSON BENGT 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe morphological effects on the myocardium of feeding rapeseed oil were compared in conventional and germ‐free rats in short‐term experiments (10 days). It was concluded that the fatty accumulation in the heart muscle cells occurring in rats fed rapeseed oil was not influenced by the presence or absence of a normal intestinal flora.In long‐term experiments (80 days) under similar conditions, the myocardial effects of feeding germ‐free rats with conventional rapeseed oil, rapeseed oil from the Canadian cultivar Oro very low in erucic acid, or arachis oil were studied in serial sections. Severe myocardial lesions developed in the group of rats fed conventional rapeseed oil, while in the other two groups the myocardium was completely normal. These results give no support to the theory that other factors than C22:1 acids in rapeseed oil are responsible for the myocardial lesions.
Electrocardiogram and Renal Concentrating Capacity in Rats Fed a Diet Containing Rapeseed Oil
Authors: BERGLUND FREDRIK 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe functional effects of a diet containing rapeseed oil (40 % of total energy intake) were studied in rats, starting at age 28 days. There were no effects on the electrocardiogram in spite of morphological changes in the myocardium. In 10 female rats the urine osmolality following 16 hours of dehydration was approximately 20 % lower than in 10 control rats during the 9th, 10th and 20th week of the experiment. It is suggested that erucic acid in the rapeseed oil inhibits β‐oxidation of fatty acids in the kidney, thereby depriving the kidney of energy involved in sodium transport.
Displacement of endocardial pacemaker electrodes
Authors: JOHANSEN J. KJERSGAARD , ANDERSEN L. HESLET , KEMP A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The implantation of a permanent pacemaker has been carried out on 159 patients suffering from Adams‐Stokes seizures. Elema 588 B electrodes were implanted in 119 patients and Chardack 5818 electrodes in 40 patients.The two types of electrodes differ with regard to both the implantation technique and weight and thickness. No difference was found in the incidence of electrode displacement or survival between the two groups, similarly the experience of the physician with regard to implantation had no influence on the frequency of displacement.Displacement on the other hand occurred significantly more frequently in those patients suffering from heart disease demonstrable by x‐ray examination.
Complications of transvenous and transthoracic electrodes
Authors: KOSTIAINEN SEPPO 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Electrode complications in a series of 220 patients are presented. At the primary pacemaker implantation, 114 patients received transvenous and 106 transthoracic electrodes. For the transvenous technique the Elema unipolar electrode (EMT 588 and 588 B) was used exclusively and for the transthoracic technique an epicardial disc electrode (EMT 567) was used in 64 per cent and myocardial electrodes (Vitatron MIP 125, Medtronic 5814 and 6913) in 36 per cent. The material was followed up for an average of three years (from 2 to 10 years).The dislocation frequency of transvenous electrodes was 10.4 per cent/patient‐year, as 21 per cent of the electrodes became dislodged. Of the electrode dislocations, forty per cent occurred within the first post‐implantation month. Exit block at stimulation with transthoracic electrodes was seen in 8.1 per cent/patient‐year. Infections were more common with the transvenous than with the other types of electrodes.The myocardial electrode was significantly (p < 0.05) more reliable than the transvenous electrode during the follow‐up evaluated in terms of uncomplicated function time of the primary electrode.As in Helsinki both endocardial and myocardialepicardial pacemaker electrodes have been used it seems to be of interest to report the results from our pacemaker material.
Experiences with a new myocardial electrode for permanent cardiac pacing
Authors: LARSSON STURE 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The first experiences with a new myocardial sutureless screw‐in electrode for cardiac pacing are reported. A brief description of the technique is given. The electrode can be inserted quickly and safely under direct vision through a small anterior thoracotomy using a special inserter tool. The heart can be brought under pacemaker control in less than 5 minutes. The technique was employed in 15 patients. Results to date are promising and it is suggested that this method should be resorted to in cases of unstable pacing or recurrent dislocation of an endocardial lead, or when there are difficulties in the proper positioning of an electrode transvenously.In Sweden endocardial electrodes for transvenous insertion predominate. In many countries, especially the U. S. A., there is extensive experience of epior myocardial pacing leads (2, 4, 5). Some authors consider epicardial pacemakers safer than endocardial pacemakers for permanent cardiac pacing (8).We have observed defective or unstable pacing with an endocardial electrode in a high proportion of patients in our series early after the implantation and even after many years of perfect pacing. When there are problems with an endocardial lead an epi‐ or myocardial electrode can be used. This paper reports experiences with a new sutureless myocardial electrode (Medtronic model 6917).
HAEMODYNAMIC STUDIES IN YOUNG MEN WITH MILD BLOOD PRESSURE ELEVATION
Authors: Sannerstedt R. , Sivertsson R. , Lundgren Y. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The cardiac output at rest, and the intra‐arterial blood pressure and hand blood flow at maximal vasodilation were determined in two groups of men aged 18–22 years. 44 patients were referred from a military enlistment centre because of mild blood pressure elevation, and 29 normotensive volunteers were mainly recruited from the same enlistment centre. In addition, in a majority of subjects in both groups the auscultatory blood pressure of both parents was determined.The patients were characterized by a significantly higher cardiac index at rest, and a significantly higher vascular resistance in the hand blood vessels at maximal vasodilation than the controls, indicating the presence of structural alterations in the resistance vessels of these subjects with only very mild blood pressure elevation.The tendency to increased vascular resistance in the hand blood vessels at maximal vasodilation was more prominent in patients with a normal cardiac index than in those with a high index. This suggests inclusion in the patient group of tense, anxious individuals with an elevated cardiac index but otherwise normal circulation, but does not exclude the possibility that these patients may develop structural vascular changes later on.The parents blood pressure was higher in the group of patients, both for patients with a normal and those with a high cardiac index, compared to the parents of the controls.
Plasma renin activity and blood pressure during long term treatment with propranolol and diuretic.
Authors: Nielsen I. , Steiness B. , Hesse B. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. 19 primary hypertensive patients were treated in random succession with diuretic, propranolol and the combination of both. It was found that the diuretic gave a sustained increase in plasma renin activity (PRA). There was a negative correlation between PRA level attained and blood pressure reduction. Propranolo treatment gave a sustained reduction of PRA. There was no correlation between PRA reduction and blood pressure reduction. When diuretic was combined with propranolol, PRA was in average at con trol level, and there was no correlation between the PRA reduction from diuretic value to combination value and the corresponding additional blood pressure fall. It is concluded that propranolol treatment does not transform patients to “low renin hypertensives specifically sensitive to diuretic treatment.Plasma renin as a patogenic factor in primary hypertension and a paramenter worth measuring to chose therapy has been a controversial subject, since Bühler et al. (2) found that “high renin hypertension” responded hest to propranolol treatment, and there was a significant correlatinn between fall in plasma renin activity and fall in blood pressure. Only very few investigators have been able to reproduce these findings. That plasma renin activity indeed is a blood pressure determinant was supported by Haber et al. (6), who found that normotensives only during salt depletion (with consequently high renin) responded to inhibitor to converting enzyme (impeding angiotensin II production) with blood pressure fall during orthostasis. The observations by Douglas et al. (4) that “low renin hypertensives” responded best to diuretic treatment has added evidence to the contention.The object of the present study was to establish, whether propranolol could suppress plasma renin activity during diuretic treatment. Further to evaluate whether a possible renin suppression had made the patimt a “low renin hypertensive” with a pronounced additional blood pressure fall during combined propranolol and diuretic treatment.
Patient Compliance
Authors: Åberg Hans 
Published: August 2010

Only a minority of all hypertensive individuals are well treated. In few other chronic disorders is the patient compliance to therapy such a challenging task. The reason is that a hypertensive patient is usually free from symptoms. Different methods can be used to study compliance. On the one hand we have simple interview methods and on the other we have sophisticated techniques for measuring the urine content of the drug. The best way of evaluating patient compliance over the years, however, is probably to study the number of drop‐outs from follow‐up or treatment failures with regard to reduction of the blood pressure. In a preventive trial on middle‐aged men, over 3 1/2–6 years of therapy we have had a drop‐out rate of 8% and a mean blood pressure reduction of 30/18. In another study of drug behaviour in a group of hypertensive individuals an acceptable level of compliance, measured as forgotten doses, was found in about 80% of the subjects. In spite of this rather high figure only a few subjects stated that they had received information on their hypertension at the clinic. However, about half of the subjects did not want any more information. The problem of patient compliance to therapy has therefore many aspects, ranging from the psychological background just touched upon to more practically oriented matters such as dosettes etc. and I will review some of them.Finally, I would like to make some suggestions for improving both the patient's compliance and the doctor's attention to antihypertensive therapy.
Once a Day Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Frithz Göran 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Two studies are presented on the possibility of treating hypertension with pindolol once daily.In the first one, patients already treated with multiple doses of pindolol, propranolol or alprenolol were shifted to single dose regime with pindolol, given in the morning. In most cases an adequate blood pressure control could be maintained on a dose of up to 20 mg pindolol.In the other study, previously untreated patients with mild to moderate hypertension were treated from the beginning with a single dose of pindolol. An adequate pressure control was also obtained in most of these patients with a dose not surpassing 20 mg pindolol once daily. In non‐responders, the addition of a once daily dose of a diuretic resulted in an adequate pressure control.In both studies side‐effects were few. The absence of sleep disturbances and beta‐blocker induced bradycardia was particularly noteworthy.
The Prevention of Hypertension
Authors: Tibblin Gösta , Eriksson Carl‐Gunnar 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Our way to prevention is to find a list of traits known to be predictors of elevated blood pressure. This list of predictors offers means for the early identification of susceptible persons. Years of experience in preventive work indicate that such identification is always useful for developing preventive programmes, since it gives a focus for action (5).Most of the predictors show possible ways in which action could be directed towards prevention of hypertension and reduction of elevated blood pressure.We will focus on salt, control of obesity, physical exercise, and meditation. We would like to discuss preventive aspects of hypertension and the possibility of treating with other methods than drugs.
10. THALLIUM201 EXERCISE TESTING IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Murray R.G. , McKillop J.H. , Bessent R.G. , Greig W.R. , Lorimer A.R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMyocardial imaging was performed following intravenous administration of Thalliumzo1 (TIm1)at rest and during maximal exercise testing in 39 patients presenting with chest pain. Image data were computer analysed and compared with the results of coronary arteriography and left ventriculography.In 26 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) TIm1 perfusion defects were present in 12 at rest and 24 on exercise. In 13 patients with normal vessels, perfusion defects were present in 2 at rest and one on exercise.Resting TI201 image data corresponded to the presence or absence of impaired LV wall mo‐ tion in 21 of 26 patients with coronary artery disease. Exercise scans were more accurate than rest scans in detecting the presence of CAD,(TI201:scintigram‐rest sensitivity‐ 46 %; exercise sensitivity‐92 %; P < 0.005). Perfusion defects on the exercise T1201 scinti‐ gram tended to reflect the distribution of vessel disease, but prediction of individual coronary lesions from the scan findings was not possible.These data suggest that TI201 myocardial im‐ aging is a useful non‐invasive technique for the investigation of patients presenting with chest pain. Rest P I scintigrams correspond to LV appearance on the ventriculogram and perfusion defects on the exercise TIrn1 scintigram detect the presence of CAD.
Creatine kinase isoenzymes in the confirmation of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Konttinen Aarne 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSerum MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase is the most specific and sensitive indicator of myocardial infarction. Despite these virtues, its clinical use is handicapped by rapid normalization after the onset of myocardial injury. In patients suffering brain accidents, the increase of serum CK‐MB isoenzymes indicates simultaneous myocardial damage and means poor prognosis.
The Effect of Suppressive Therapy of Nontoxic Diffuse Goiter on Serum Levels of Thyroxine, 3,5,3‘‐Triiodothyronine and 3,3’,5‘‐Triiodothyronine
Authors: Johansen Klaus , Hansen Jens Mölholm , Perrild Hans , Skovsted Lis , Kampmann Jens Peter 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT We studied the effect of suppressive therapy with graded doses of thyroxine (T4) on serum levels of T4, 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3′,5′‐triiodothyronine (rT3) in patients with diffuse, nontoxic goiter. For comparison and in order to elucidate the degree of suppression of the pituitary thyroid axis by T3 the effect of suppressive therapy with T3 was studied in the same type of patients. We found that T4 in serum rose significantly to a constant level during T4 treatment (0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mg/day). Dose‐related rises in T4 were only seen after 3 months of treatment. T3 and rT3 only changed minimally. The T4/T3 ratio rose to a constant level during the initial 3 months of treatment. T3/rT3 ratio remained unchanged. No dose‐related differences in T3/rT4 and T3/rT3 ratio were observed.Treatment with T3 in doses of 0.06 mg per day caused a significant but slow fall in T4 and rT3 to hypothyroid levels while T3 only rose slightly. The T4/T3 ratio dropped significantly during T3 therapy.
Incidence of Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (0–29 Years at Onset) in Denmark
Authors: Christau Bjørn , Kromann Hans , Christy Morten , Andersen Ole Ortved , Nerup Jørn 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Incidence data from Denmark on the insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus in the age group 0–29 years have been collected in two different geographical areas (West and South Jutland plus Copenhagen and North Zealand).An incidence of 13.3 per 100 000 per year (range 12.5–13.6) was registered (N = 792). No difference was found between the two areas. The male incidence exceeded the female incidence by 25.4 per cent.The age distribution showed rising values until a peak in the early puberty with a decline until a rather constant level after puberty. From year to year a seasonal variation of onset was demonstrable with maximum in the winter and minimum in the summer for males only.Ascertainment was found to be between 87.7 and 98.6 per cent and the annual number of new insulin‐dependent diabetics in Denmark in the age group 0–29 years can be calculated to 310–350.
Pancreatic Beta Cell Secretion during Oral and Intravenous Glucose Administration
Authors: Faber Ole K. , Madsbad Sten , Kehlet Henrik , Binder Christian 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT The contribution of decreased hepatic insulin extraction to the relative hyperinsulinemia after oral glucose load as compared to intravenous glucose load was studied in 6 normal weight male volunteers by means of an analysis of the relationship between peripheral venous concentrations of insulin and C‐peptide following similar glycemic stimuli after oral and intravenous glucose administration.The incremental areas under the insulin and C‐peptide curves were higher during oral as compared to intravenous glucose administration, 436 (251–762) per cent and 267 (124–378) per cent respectively (mean and range). The ratio between corresponding incremental areas of insulin and C‐peptide were 53 (17–103) per cent higher during oral glucose load. These findings suggest that the augmented peripheral insulin levels after oral glucose administration are caused by a combination of increased beta cell secretion and decreased hepatic insulin extraction.
Sexual Function and Pituitary Axis in Insulin Treated Diabetic Men
Authors: Jensen Søren Buus , Hagen Claus , Frøland Anders , Pedersen Peter Beck 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT The prevalence of sexual dysfunction and the pituitary‐gonadal function were studied in 72 consecutive diabetic male patients. Sexual dysfunction was found in 43% and in these patients peripheral neuropathy was significantly more frequent than in patients with normal sexual function. Sexual dysfunction was more frequent in patients at the age of 50–55 years than in young diabeties (age 25–30 years). No significant correlation between sexual dysfunction and the duration of the disease and no difference in the serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, testosterone and oestradiol‐17β between patients with normal and reduced sexual function was found.It is concluded, that sexual dysfunction is not accompanied by altered serum concentrations of testosterone, oestradiol‐17β, gonadotropins or prolactin. Sexual dysfunction correlates with peripheral neuropathy, but the high prevalence of dysfunction in males with short duration of diabetes without neuropathy makes other causes likely.