bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perylene‐Labeled Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization of Three Novel Silica Nanoparticle Species for Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Blechinger Julia , Herrmann Rudolf , Kiener Daniel , García‐García F. Javier , Scheu Christina , Reller Armin , Bräuchle Christoph 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe increasing exposure of humans to nanoscaled particles requires well‐defined systems that enable the investigation of the toxicity of nanoparticles on the cellular level. To facilitate this, surface‐labeled silica nanoparticles, nanoparticles with a labeled core and a silica shell, and a labeled nanoparticle network—all designed for live‐cell imaging—are synthesized. The nanoparticles are functionalized with perylene derivatives. For this purpose, two different perylene species containing one or two reactive silica functionalities are prepared. The nanoparticles are studied by transmission electron microscopy, widefield and confocal fluorescence microscopy, as well as by fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with fluorescence anisotropy, in order to characterize the size and morphology of the nanoparticles and to prove the success and homogeneity of the labeling. Using spinning‐disc confocal measurements, silica nanoparticles are demonstrated to be taken up by HeLa cells, and they are clearly detectable inside the cytoplasm of the cells.
Studying software evolution of large object‐oriented software systems using an ETGM algorithm
Authors: Kpodjedo Segla , Ricca Filippo , Galinier Philippe , Antoniol Giuliano , Guéhéneuc Yann‐Gaël 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYAnalyzing and understanding the evolution of large object‐oriented software systems is an important but difficult task in which matching algorithms play a fundamental role. An error‐tolerant graph matching (ETGM) algorithm can identify evolving classes that maintain a stable structure of relations (associations, inheritances, and aggregations) with other classes and thus likely constitute the backbone of the system. Therefore, to study the evolution of class diagrams, we first develop a novel ETGM algorithm, which improves the performance of our previous algorithm. Second, we describe the process of building an oracle to validate the results of our approach to solve the class diagram evolution problem. Third, we report for the new algorithm the impact of its parameters on the F‐measure summarizing precision (quantifying the exactness of the solution) and recall (quantifying the completeness of the solution). Finally, with tuned parameters, we carry out and report an extensive empirical evaluation of our algorithm using small (Rhino), medium (Azureus and ArgoUML), and large systems (Mozilla and Eclipse). We thus show that this novel algorithm is scalable, stable and has better time performance than its earlier version. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly practical amino acid and alkaloid synthesis using designer chiral phase transfer catalysts as high‐performance organocatalysts
Authors: Maruoka Keiji 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of chiral quaternary ammonium salts derived from commercially available (R)‐ or (S)‐binaphthol have been designed as new C2‐symmetric chiral phase transfer catalysts. In order to realize the flexible design of these phase transfer catalysts, the combinatorial design approach has been developed. These chiral high‐performance organocatalysts have been successfully applied to the highly practical asymmetric synthesis of various amino acid derivatives including α‐alkyl and α,α‐dialkyl‐α‐amino acids in addition to alkaloids. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 10: 254–259; 2010: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000019
In vitro and in vivo gene delivery with tailor‐designed aminofullerenes
Authors: Nakamura Eiichi , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLong‐range studies on the chemistry of two strained ring systems, cyclopropanes and fullerenes, converged on a challenge in biology, in vivo gene delivery. The new protocol of gene delivery employing a tailor‐designed amino fullerene represents the third protocol after the two using virus and lipid delivery agents, none of which are universally useful. The amino fullerene delivers an EGFP and an insulin‐2 gene to mice with efficiency superior to and selectivity distinct from those achieved by the conventional lipid‐based delivery agents. The studies demonstrate the power of organic synthesis as driven by scientifically and socially important subjects. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 10: 260–270; 2010: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000021
Lessons from total synthesis of hybrid natural products
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThere are a vast number of interesting and useful compounds that are readily found in nature. Mother Nature has acquired ingenious ways of generating molecular diversity in living cells responsible for regulation of various biochemical events. This has inspired research into the synthesis of biologically active compounds for use as antibiotics or in cancer therapy, for example. This account provides an overview of the work performed in the total synthesis of hybrid natural products and the interesting synthetic mechanisms encountered along the way. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000030
Prenatal diagnosis of lobar bronchial atresia
Authors: Bonnefoy C. , Blanc P. , Coste K. , Delabaere A. , Dechelotte P. J. , Laurichesse‐Delmas H. , Labbe A. , Jacquetin B. , Lemery D. , Sapin V. , Gallot D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report three cases of fetal lobar bronchial atresia referred to our Fetal Medicine Center during the mid‐trimester of pregnancy over the last 15 years. Lobar bronchial atresia can mimic a main stem bronchial atresia on mid‐trimester ultrasound examination as it induces extensive lobar enlargement, major mediastinal shift and eversion of the diaphragm. It was associated with severe pulmonary hypoplasia in all three cases, even though polyhydramnios and ascites were absent in two. Termination of pregnancy was performed at parental request after extensive counseling in each of the cases and necropsy confirmed one or two enlarged lung lobes leading to major compression of the remaining lobe(s) of the ipsilateral lung, the contralateral lung and the heart. No other anomalies were observed and the karyotype was normal in all cases. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester Down syndrome screening: pregnant women's knowledge
Authors: Dahl K. , Hvidman L. , Jørgensen F. S. , Henriques C. , Olesen F. , Kjaergaard H. , Kesmodel U. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to assess pregnant women's knowledge of first‐trimester combined Down syndrome screening in a setting of required informed consent. As the secondary aim, we wanted to identify relevant differences in knowledge level among subgroups of pregnant women, including those informed in different ways about prenatal examinations.MethodsData stem from a population‐based cross‐sectional questionnaire study including 15 multiple‐choice questions assessing knowledge of different aspects of screening. Included were 6427 first‐trimester pregnant women from three Danish obstetric departments offering prenatal screening free of charge. Both participants and non‐participants in the screening program were included. The results are based on 4095 responders (64%). Differences between subgroups were examined using chi‐squared tests and logistic regression analysis. Estimates are stated with 95% CI.ResultsThe majority of the participants (87.6 (86.6–88.6)% to 92.6 (91.7–93.3)%) correctly identified the test concept and the main condition being screened for. Fewer participants (16.4 (15.3–17.6)% to 43.3 (41.8–44.8)%) correctly recognized test accuracy and the potential risk of adverse findings other than Down syndrome. Knowledge level was positively associated with length of education (adjusted ORs 1.0 (0.8–1.4) to 3.9 (2.4–6.4)) and participation in the screening program (adjusted OR 0.9 (0.6–1.3) to 5.9 (3.9–8.8)). Participation in an individual information session was weakly associated with more knowledge.ConclusionThe majority of the pregnant women correctly identified the test concept and the main condition being screened for. The pregnant women were found less knowledgeable on test accuracy and drawbacks. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four‐chamber view and ‘swing technique’ (FAST) echo: a novel and simple algorithm to visualize standard fetal echocardiographic planes
Authors: Yeo L. , Romero R. , Jodicke C. , Oggè G. , Lee W. , Kusanovic J. P. , Vaisbuch E. , Hassan S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a novel and simple algorithm (four‐chamber view and ‘swing technique’ (FAST) echo) for visualization of standard diagnostic planes of fetal echocardiography from dataset volumes obtained with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and applying a new display technology (OmniView).MethodsWe developed an algorithm to image standard fetal echocardiographic planes by drawing four dissecting lines through the longitudinal view of the ductal arch contained in a STIC volume dataset. Three of the lines are locked to provide simultaneous visualization of targeted planes, and the fourth line (unlocked) ‘swings’ through the ductal arch image (swing technique), providing an infinite number of cardiac planes in sequence. Each line generates the following plane(s): (a) Line 1: three‐vessels and trachea view; (b) Line 2: five‐chamber view and long‐axis view of the aorta (obtained by rotation of the five‐chamber view on the y‐axis); (c) Line 3: four‐chamber view; and (d) ‘swing line’: three‐vessels and trachea view, five‐chamber view and/or long‐axis view of the aorta, four‐chamber view and stomach. The algorithm was then tested in 50 normal hearts in fetuses at 15.3‐40 weeks' gestation and visualization rates for cardiac diagnostic planes were calculated. To determine whether the algorithm could identify planes that departed from the normal images, we tested the algorithm in five cases with proven congenital heart defects.ResultsIn normal cases, the FAST echo algorithm (three locked lines and rotation of the five‐chamber view on the y‐axis) was able to generate the intended planes (longitudinal view of the ductal arch, pulmonary artery, three‐vessels and trachea view, five‐chamber view, long‐axis view of the aorta, four‐chamber view) individually in 100% of cases (except for the three‐vessels and trachea view, which was seen in 98% (49/50)) and simultaneously in 98% (49/50). The swing technique was able to generate the three‐vessels and trachea view, five‐chamber view and/or long‐axis view of the aorta, four‐chamber view and stomach in 100% of normal cases. In the abnormal cases, the FAST echo algorithm demonstrated the cardiac defects and displayed views that deviated from what was expected from the examination of normal hearts. The swing technique was useful for demonstrating the specific diagnosis due to visualization of an infinite number of cardiac planes in sequence.ConclusionsThis novel and simple algorithm can be used to visualize standard fetal echocardiographic planes in normal fetal hearts. The FAST echo algorithm may simplify examination of the fetal heart and could reduce operator dependency. Using this algorithm, inability to obtain expected views or the appearance of abnormal views in the generated planes should raise the index of suspicion for congenital heart disease. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple targeted arterial rendering (STAR) technique: a novel and simple method to visualize the fetal cardiac outflow tracts
Authors: Yeo L. , Romero R. , Jodicke C. , Kim S. K. , Gonzalez J. M. , Oggè G. , Lee W. , Kusanovic J. P. , Vaisbuch E. , Hassan S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a novel and simple technique—simple targeted arterial rendering (STAR)—to visualize the fetal cardiac outflow tracts from dataset volumes obtained with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and applying a new display technology (OmniView).MethodsWe developed a technique to image the outflow tracts by drawing three dissecting lines through the four‐chamber view of the heart contained in a STIC volume dataset. Each line generated the following plane: (a) Line 1: ventricular septum en face with both great vessels (pulmonary artery anterior to the aorta); (b) Line 2: pulmonary artery with continuation into the longitudinal view of the ductal arch; and (c) Line 3: long‐axis view of the aorta arising from the left ventricle. The pattern formed by all three lines intersecting approximately through the crux of the heart resembles a star. The technique was then tested in 50 normal fetal hearts at 15.3–40.4 weeks' gestation. To determine whether the technique could identify planes that departed from the normal images, we tested the technique in four cases with proven congenital heart defects (ventricular septal defect (VSD), transposition of great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum).ResultsThe STAR technique was able to generate the intended planes in all 50 normal cases. In the abnormal cases, the STAR technique allowed identification of the VSD, demonstrated great vessel anomalies and displayed views that deviated from what was expected from the examination of normal hearts.ConclusionsThis novel and simple technique can be used to visualize the outflow tracts and ventricular septum en face in normal fetal hearts. Inability to obtain expected views or the appearance of abnormal views in the generated planes should raise the index of suspicion for congenital heart disease involving the great vessels and/or the ventricular septum. The STAR technique may simplify examination of the fetal heart and could reduce operator dependency. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound bioeffects in rats: quantification of cellular damage in the fetal liver after pulsed Doppler imaging
Authors: Pellicer B. , Herraiz S. , Táboas E. , Felipo V. , Simon C. , Pellicer A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether pulsed Doppler examination of the ductus venosus in rat fetuses could damage exposed tissue.MethodsOn gestational day 18, the livers of a mean of approximately five fetuses per mother (n = 5.14, SD = 1.6), in a cohort of 35 pregnant female rats, were exposed individually to pulsed Doppler and these were considered the ‘exposed group’. The remaining fetuses in each pregnant rat (n = 5.16, SD = 2.1) formed the ‘control group’. We tested for 600, 300, 60, 20, 15, 10 and 3 s of exposure of the fetal ductus venosus and the damage was evaluated measuring a cell death index of apoptotic activity at 7 h post‐exposure (n = 16). In addition, subgroups of mothers were sacrificed at 2, 4, 5, 7, 12 and 24 h post‐exposure to determine when the damage appeared and disappeared and whether this depended on the exposure time.ResultsAfter exposure of 20 s or more, we observed significant damage, as assessed by caspase 3 activity (a marker of apoptotic activity related to tissue damage), in all cases; after 15 s of exposure, some samples presented damage (P = 0.4); there was no damage after 10 s or 3 s of exposure (P = 0.87 and P = 0.3, respectively). There was a positive linear correlation between apoptotic index and pulsed Doppler exposure time, (Pearson's coefficient = 0.324, P < 0.01). No liver still showed significant damage at 12 or 24 h post‐exposure (P > 0.05 and P > 0.4).ConclusionsWe observed reversible damage after pulsed Doppler imaging in an in‐vivo fetal liver tissue rat model and found that longer exposure times produced more tissue damage. We established that 10 s was the maximum exposure time to ensure absence of damage to tissue in this model. It would appear sensible to recommend expert supervision of pulsed Doppler imaging and to have intervals between subsequent examinations. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal treatment of meconium peritonitis with urinary trypsin inhibitor
Authors: Izumi Y. , Sato Y. , Kakui K. , Tatsumi K. , Fujiwara H. , Konishi I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe describe a case of congenital meconium peritonitis with progressive fetal ascites and polyhydramnios. Fetal ascites could be only partially reduced on paracentesis at 29 weeks' gestation, and it subsequently increased. Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), a physiological anti‐inflammatory substance, was administered into the fetal abdominal cavity at a second paracentesis performed at 35 weeks' gestation. There was a significant amount of fetal ascites remaining 1 day after the second paracentesis, but this completely resolved within 5 days. A healthy infant was delivered vaginally and no surgical intervention was required. The case suggests that UTI can reduce meconium‐induced chemical peritonitis and thereby facilitate intrauterine remission of fetal ascites. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reassessment of biochemical marker distributions in trisomy 21‐affected and unaffected twin pregnancies in the first trimester
Authors: Madsen H. N. , Ball S. , Wright D. , Tørring N. , Petersen O. B. , Nicolaides K. H. , Spencer K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the difference between levels of the two biochemical markers pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (free β‐hCG) in twin pregnancies relative to singleton pregnancies and establish an improved screening procedure for chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies.Methods4843 unaffected and 47 trisomy 21‐affected twin pregnancies were included in the study. Chorionicity‐specific medians were generated for PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG from gestational ages 8 to 14 weeks. Multiple of the median values for each of the biochemical markers were calculated. Detection rates and false‐positive rates were estimated for screening tests incorporating nuchal translucency and maternal age, with and without biochemistry.ResultsMedians for the two biochemical markers for monochorionic and dichorionic twins in unaffected pregnancies show a gestational age‐specific increase relative to singleton medians. Allowing for gestation and chorionicity, twin pregnancies affected with trisomy 21 had higher levels of free β‐hCG and lower levels of PAPP‐A. Adding biochemistry into the risk assessment using a fixed risk cut‐off of 1 in 100 increased the detection rate for fetal trisomy 21 in dizygotic twin pregnancies from 78 to 90%, and decreased the false‐positive rate from 8.0 to 5.9%.ConclusionGeneration of chorionicity‐specific medians for the biochemical markers and their use in risk assessment can improve the performance of first‐trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities in twins to a level comparable with that in singleton pregnancies. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound predictors of mortality in monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Ishii K. , Murakoshi T. , Hayashi S. , Saito M. , Sago H. , Takahashi Y. , Sumie M. , Nakata M. , Matsushita M. , Shinno T. , Naruse H. , Torii Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ultrasound assessment to predict risk of mortality in expectantly managed monochorionic twin fetuses with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 101 monochorionic twin pregnancies diagnosed with sIUGR before 26 weeks of gestation. All patients were under expectant management during the observation period. At the initial evaluation, the presence or absence of each of the following abnormalities was documented: oligohydramnios; stuck twin phenomenon; severe IUGR < 3rd centile of estimated fetal weight; abnormal Doppler in the umbilical artery; and polyhydramnios in the larger twin. The relationships between these ultrasound findings and mortality of sIUGR fetuses were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 101 sIUGR twins, 22 (21.8%) fetuses suffered intrauterine demise and nine (8.9%) suffered neonatal death; 70 (69.3%) survived the neonatal period. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the stuck twin phenomenon (odds ratio (OR): 14.5; 95% CI: 2.2–93.2; P = 0.006) and constantly absent diastolic flow in the umbilical artery (OR: 29.4; 95% CI: 3.3–264.0; P = 0.003) were significant risk factors for mortality.ConclusionsNot only abnormal Doppler flow in the umbilical artery but also severe oligohydramnios should be recognized as important indicators for mortality in monochorionic twins with sIUGR. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uterine artery Doppler screening for pre‐eclampsia: comparison of the lower, mean and higher first‐trimester pulsatility indices
Authors: Napolitano R. , Rajakulasingam R. , Memmo A. , Bhide A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesA previous study suggested that the lower uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) is a better predictor of pre‐eclampsia than is either the mean or higher indices. The aim of this study was to assess the relative value of these three indices for the prediction of pre‐eclampsia in the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 6221 singleton pregnancies. Uterine artery PI was obtained at the time of the 11–14‐week nuchal translucency scan and receiver–operating characteristics curves for the lower, mean and higher PI value of the two uterine arteries in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia were calculated.ResultsThere were 178 cases of pre‐eclampsia. The associations between uterine artery PI and pre‐eclampsia were stronger for early (requiring delivery < 34 weeks' gestation) and preterm (requiring delivery < 37 weeks) pre‐eclampsia compared to pre‐eclampsia at any gestation. There was no significant difference in the strength of the association between lower, mean and higher PI for pre‐eclampsia at any gestation.ConclusionsFirst‐trimester uterine artery PI is strongly associated with the development of early and preterm pre‐eclampsia. Lower, mean and higher uterine artery PIs are comparable in screening for pre‐eclampsia. Any differences that exist between the lower, mean and higher uterine artery indices are unlikely to have a significant impact on screening sensitivities. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.