bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinolin‐1‐one and Oxoisoindoline Derivatives as Aggrecanase Inhibitors
Authors: Cappelli Andrea , Nannicini Chiara , Valenti Salvatore , Giuliani Germano , Anzini Maurizio , Mennuni Laura , Giordani Antonio , Caselli Gianfranco , Stasi Luigi Piero , Makovec Francesco , Giorgi Gianluca , Vomero Salvatore 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA small set of aggrecanase inhibitors based on the pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinolin‐1‐one or oxoisoindoline frameworks bearing a 4‐(benzyloxy)phenyl substituent and different zinc binding groups were rationally designed and evaluated in silico by docking studies using the crystal structure of the ADAMTS‐5 catalytic domain (PDB code: 3B8Z). The designed compounds were synthesized via straightforward routes and tested for their potential inhibitory activity against ADAMTS‐5 and ADAMTS‐4. Among the compounds containing the pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinolinone tricyclic system, hydroxamate derivative 2 b inhibited both ADAMTS‐5 and ADAMTS‐4, with IC50 values in the submicromolar range and an inhibitory profile very similar to that of reference carboxylate derivative 11. Conversely, the corresponding carboxylate derivative 2 a was significantly less active and unable to discriminate between ADAMTS‐5 and ‐4. The structure–activity relationship analysis of pyrroloquinolinone derivatives 2 a–i suggests that the carboxylate or hydroxamate groups of compounds 2 a,b play a key role in the interaction of these compounds with ADAMTS‐5 and ‐4. On the other hand, the oxoisoindoline derivatives 3 a,b lack significant ADAMTS‐4 inhibitory activity and inhibit ADAMTS‐5 showing IC25 values in the micromolar range.
von Kries versus color constancy
Authors: van Trigt C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe derive the conditions for which the illuminant‐independent behavior of von Kries quotients is good. They are in qualitative agreement with those obtained in the experiment. The key concepts are as follows: narrow sensitivities, their approximation by a δ‐function at an appropriate wavelength, and the nature of the reflectance and spectral distribution functions for which the δ‐function approximation is good. Color constancy theory aims to construct strictly or almost illuminant‐independent perceptual, achromatic and chromatic variables from illuminant‐dependent tristimulus values. Deficiencies due to ignoring metamerism and, in constructions, the constraints that spectral distribution functions are nonnegative and reflectance functions assume values between 0 and 1, are identified and corrected, if remediable. Variables are constructed with a more favorable illuminant‐independent behavior than von Kries quotients. Helmholtz's (conjectured) interpretation of color constancy is proved to be correct. If color and lightness are illuminant‐independent functions of these variables, equality of appearance under test and reference sources occurs if (and under weak conditions only if) they possess the same values under these sources. The resulting chromatic adaptation transform specifies an earlier open proposal (Color Science. New York: Wiley; 1982. 434 p). We prove a result concerning the role of color in discrimination. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Planar Au/TiO2 Model Catalysts: Fabrication, Characterization and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Eyrich Menhild , Kielbassa Stefan , Diemant Thomas , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Wiedwald Ulf , Ziemann Paul , Bansmann Joachim 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDifferent types of planar Au/TiO2 model catalysts are produced on TiO2(110) single‐crystal substrates and thin TiO2 films on Ru(0001) by physical vapor deposition of gold under ultrahigh‐vacuum (UHV) conditions or by micelle‐based chemical routes. Both the Au nanoparticles and the support are characterized by surface‐science‐based methods (such as atomic force microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the activity of the model catalysts in the CO oxidation reaction is analyzed in a microflow reactor. Au/TiO2(110) model catalysts with a stoichiometric TiO2(110) support exhibit only a low catalytic activity compared to those with a reduced crystal and Au/TiO2 model catalysts with thin TiO2 films on Ru(0001) as a substrate. The possible influence of Ti interstitials in the reduced TiO2(110) substrates on the CO oxidation activity is discussed.
Unraveling the Pressure Effect on Nucleation Processes of Amyloidogenic Proteins
Authors: Gruzielanek Stefan , Zhai Yong , Winter Roland 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe influence of pressure on the nucleation rate of insulin under fibril‐forming conditions was studied and subsequently analysed using classical nucleation theory. The aim was a better understanding and quantification of the influence of pressure on protein aggregation/fibrillation reactions. The application of pressure has a drastic accelerating effect on the nucleation and growth process of insulin fibrils. We show that this effect arises from a volume decrease upon nucleus formation, due to formation of a less hydrated and more compact transition state that can be quantified extending nucleation theory by a pressure–volume term. Conversely, the absolute values of the lag time and the critical size of the nucleus cannot be satisfactorily described by the classical nucleation theory, which might be due to the presence of secondary effects, such as parallel aggregation pathways or fragmentation processes.
Resveratrol ameliorates vasculopathy in STZ‐induced diabetic rats: role of AGE–RAGE signalling
Authors: Jing Yu‐Hong , Chen Kuan‐Hsing , Yang Shu‐Han , Kuo Pei‐Ching , Chen Jan‐Kan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundResveratrol (RSV) has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. In the present study, we examined the beneficial effects of RSV on diabetes mellitus (DM)‐induced vasculopathy and explored its possible mechanism.MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg body weight The induction of DM was confirmed by a fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 300 mg/dL and symptoms of polyphagia and polydipsia. The DM rats were treated with or without RSV at 0.75 mg/kg body weight three times a day for 4–8 weeks. Animals were sacrificed and vessel wall histology was examined by microscopy. The vascular smooth muscle cell activation was assessed by the medial thickness, collagen deposition, and the expressions receptor for advanced glycation end product, NF‐κB, proliferation cell nuclear antigen, and the levels of Erk1/2 phosphorylation.ResultsIn RSV‐treated DM rats, the vascular wall thickening, collagen deposition/cross‐linking, and vascular permeability were all alleviated compared with that of the untreated DM rats. The vascular smooth muscle cell of the RSV‐treated rats was characterized with less proliferation, lower NF‐κB, and Erk1/2 activation, decreased proliferation cell nuclear antigen and receptor for advanced glycation end product expression. Moreover, the plasma fructosamine was significantly reduced in RSV‐treated DM rats.ConclusionsRSV alleviated DM‐induced vasculopathy through attenuation of advanced glycation end product–receptor for advanced glycation end product–NF‐κB signalling pathway. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic Structural Coordination Chemistry of p‐tert‐Butyltetrathiacalix[4]arene: Further Complexes of Transition‐Metal Ions
Authors: Bilyk Alexander , Dunlop John W. , Fuller Rebecca O. , Hall Annegret K. , Harrowfield Jack M. , Hosseini M. Wais , Koutsantonis George A. , Murray Ian W. , Skelton Brian W. , Stamps Robert L. , White Allan H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn extension of earlier work on complexes of p‐tert‐butyltetrathiacalix[4]arene, LH4, with late transition‐metal MII species, we report studies of complexes modelled on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray studies as derivatives of VV, WVI, MnII, FeIII, NiII, CuII and PdII, the last as a trio of heteronuclear species also involving CaII. In complexes [VO(OH)(LH2)·2.5dmf·2H2O] (×2) (1), Cl2W(L)·3.5C6H6 (2) and [Mn(LH2)·3.5CH2Cl2] (×2) (3) included dmf is found only in the partially deprotonated calixarene cavities of 1 and 3. In oligonuclear OFe3(HCO2)(LH)2·2H2O·6dmf (4) and 2Cuac2·Cu2(L)·dmf·4.5CH2Cl2 (6) (ac = acetate) included dmf is found in both. NiII provides several species, including 5a, binuclear (Et3NH)Ni2(LH)(LH2)·2dmf·2Me2CO·H2O, 5b, a remarkable hexanuclear (binuclear + tetranuclear) aggregate, Ni6(L)(LH)2(LH2)·4MeCN·6H2O, and 5c, an even more remarkable Ni32 aggregate modelled as (centrosymmetric) Ni32(OH)40(L)6·8dmso·10dmf, in which there are two sets of nickel atoms, one disposed at the corners of a cube (Ni8), the other (Ni24) at the vertices of a cuboctahedron (the Ni8 vertices at the centres of the hexagonal faces); the hydroxy groups comprise two sets: one, (OH)24, disposed outside the spheroidal shell of nickel atoms, the other, (OH)16, disordered within, the thiacalixarene ligands L6 being disposed about the axes of the octahedron. Heteronuclear species have been found as CaII/PdII combinations CaPd2(LH)2·1.5CH2Cl2 (7a), CaPd(LH2)·3dmso·H2O·4.5MeCN (7b), Ca2Pd(LH)2·3.5dmso·1.5H2O·4MeCN (7c), all with included solvent.
Formation of Silica Nanolayers on ZnO Electrodes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ueno Shintaro , Fujihara Shinobu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractZinc oxide electrodes for use in dye‐sensitized solar cells were coated with thin silica layers by using a sol–gel transformation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). Coating solutions were prepared by mixing TEOS and diluted ammonia while stirring and ultrasonificating simultaneously. Two kinds of coating methods (immersing and dip‐coating) were adopted and compared to control the thickness of the silica layers on a nanometer scale. With the immersing method a relatively thick SiO2 coating was made on zinc oxide particles on the electrodes, which resulted in an increase in the open‐circuit photovoltage (Voc) and a large decrease in the short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc). In contrast, by using the dip‐coating method, with a relatively low withdrawal speed of 100 μm s–1, thinner SiO2 layers could be formed on the zinc oxide particles and a high Jsc as well as a high Voc was obtained. These results demonstrate that the Voc characteristics of solar cells using silica‐coated zinc oxide electrodes can be enhanced by controlling the structure of the silica‐coating layers.
Light Switches the Ligand! Photochromic Azobenzene–Phosphanes
Authors: Segarra‐Maset Maria Dolores , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Freixa Zoraida 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThree phosphanes containing azobenzene groups were synthesized, and the photochemical behaviour of their platinum complexes was studied by using the light‐induced (E)/(Z) isomerization as a switch to change ligand properties.
Orthogonally Protected Cyclohexanehexols by a “One Reaction – One Product” Approach: Efficient Access to Cyclitols and Their Analogs
Authors: Jagdhane Rajendra C. , Shashidhar Mysore S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDifferentially protected myo‐inositol derivatives were prepared from commercially available myo‐inositol through regioselective O‐alkylation reactions, which give a single product in each step. These derivatives were converted into six isomeric inositol derivatives carrying orthogonal hydroxy protecting groups. For all these reactions, conditions were chosen to prevent the formation of isomeric products, which obviates the need for separation of isomers and provides the required cyclitol derivative in very good yields. The synthetic potential of these derivatives was illustrated by the conversion of some of the orthogonally protected inositol derivatives into other cyclitol derivatives. Isomeric inositols were also prepared by the global deprotection of all the hydroxy groups.
Reductive Ring‐Opening of Phthalan and Isochroman: Application to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Tetrahydrobenzazepines
Authors: García Daniel , Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe reaction of the dianionic intermediates 2a,b resulting from the lithiation of phthalan (1a) and isochroman (1b) with chiral N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl aldimines 9 in the presence of ZnMe2 gave, after hydrolysis, N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl amino alcohols 10 and 13, respectively, with high diastereoselectivity. Successive treatment of compounds 10 and 13 with hydrogen chloride in methanol, thionyl chloride in chloroform and sodium hydroxide led to the formation of tetrahydroisoquinolines 19 and tetrahydrobenzazepines 20. Depending on the structure of the starting chiral imine 9, benzoindolizidine 21, benzoquinolizidine 22 and benzopyrroloazepine 23 are also accessible through this methodology.
Nanostructured Iron Oxide Platform for Impedimetric Cholesterol Detection
Authors: Kaushik Ajeet , Solanki Pratima R. , Kaneto Keiichi , Kim C. G. , Ahmad Sharif , Malhotra Bansi D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA nanostructured iron oxide (NanoFe3O4, particle size ca. 25 nm and roughness ca. 21 nm) film deposited onto a hydrolyzed indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) coated glass plate has been used to immobilize cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) to fabricate an impedimetric cholesterol sensor. Electrochemical studies reveal that surface charged Fe3O4 nanoparticles provide better conformation for ChOx loading resulting in enhanced electron transfer between ChOx and the electrode. Impedimetric response studies of the ChOx/NanoFe3O4/ITO bioelectrode exhibit improved linearity (2.5–400 mg/dL), low detection limit (0.25 mg/dL), fast response time (25 s), high sensitivity (86 Ω/mg dL−1/cm−2) and a low value of the Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km, 0.8 mg/dL) with a regression coefficient of 0.997.
A Uniquely Configured Acetylcholinesterase‐Lecithin Biomimetic Sensing Structure at Cyclohexane/Water Interface for Electrochemical Determination of Fenthion in Organic Solvent
Authors: Li Jun , He Jingjing , Qiu Jingxia , Zhang Shanqing , Zhao Huijun , Miao Yuqing 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn acetylcholinesterase (AChE)‐lecithin biomimetic structure was constructed at the oil/water interface for the direct determination of fenthion in cyclohexane. Indophenol acetate in oil phase was hydrolyzed by AChE at the two‐phase interface to produce indophenol. Square wave voltammetry was used to monitor the current decrease of substrate to assess AChE activity. The AChE incorporated in the lecithin‐based biomimetic layer possessed higher enzymatic activity and was more sensitive to fenthion inhibition than freestanding AChE. A linear relationship between the inhibition percentage and logarithm of fenthion concentration was obtained in a concentration range from 1 ng/mL to 1 mg/mL.
Electrochemical Determination of Boric Acid Using the Boric Acid–Tiron Complexation System
Authors: Fujimori Takao , Akimoto Hiroshi , Tsuji Yutaka , Takehara Kô , Yoshimura Kazuhisa 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFor monitoring the boron concentration in reverse osmosis (RO) water produced by desalination plants, a voltammetric determination method for the amount of electrochemically inactive boron has been developed by using the complexation with 4,5‐dihydroxybenzene‐1,3‐disulfonic acid (Tiron). Cyclic voltammetric measurements showed the oxidation peak of boric acid–Tiron 1 : 1 complex at 920 mV. This peak was successfully applied to the determination of boron in RO water with the LOD of 0.1 mg B dm−3 by using differential pulse voltammetry. The redox and acid–dissociation behaviors of Tiron and its boron complex are found to depend on the properties of pH buffer reagent.
Toxicity of three binary mixtures to Daphnia magna: Comparing chemical modes of action and deviations from conceptual models
Authors: Loureiro Susana , Svendsen Claus , Ferreira Abel L.G. , Pinheiro Clara , Ribeiro Fabianne , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Complex mixtures makes the assessment of environmental hazards difficult due to possible antagonistic or synergistic interactions that can occur between chemicals, or even more complex effect patterns like dose-level or dose-ratio–dependent responses. The aim of the present work was to investigate the acute and sublethal responses of Daphnia magna Straus exposed to four single chemical compounds (imidacloprid, thiacloprid, nickel chloride, and chlorpyrifos) and three binary chemical mixtures. In the immobilization and feeding inhibition bioassays, chlorpyrifos was the most toxic to D. magna, followed by nickel chloride, and imidacloprid and thiacloprid, which showed similar levels of toxicity. The MIXTOX was used to evaluate mixture toxicity. Observed data was compared with the expected mixture effects predicted by concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models; deviations for synergistic/antagonistic interactions, dose-level and dose-ratio dependency were also used. In the mixture toxicity assessment, several patterns of response were obtained depending on the mixture but also on the endpoint tested. For imidacloprid and thiacloprid, deviations for synergism were observed in acute exposures (immobilization), and antagonism for feeding rates at sublethal concentrations. For imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, antagonism was found in both exposures. In the nickel and chlorpyrifos case study, deviations for synergism were observed in the acute exposure; a dose-ratio deviation was observed in the feeding inhibition test, with a pattern for antagonism, except for where nickel exerts more than 60% of the mixture toxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010; 29:1716–1726. © 2010 SETAC
Channel code design with causal side information at the encoder
Authors: Farmanbar Hamid , Gharan Shahab Oveis , Khandani Amir K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe problem of channel code design for the M‐ary input AWGN channel with additive Q‐ary interference where the sequence of i.i.d. interference symbols is known causally at the encoder is considered. The code design criterion at high SNR is derived by defining a new distance measure between the input symbols of the Shannon's derived channel. For the case of binary‐input channel, i.e. M‐2, it is shown that it is sufficient to use only two (out of 2Q) input symbols of the derived channel in the encoding as far as the distance spectrum of code is concerned. This reduces the problem of channel code design for the binary‐input AWGN channel with known interference at the encoder to design of binary codes for the binary symmetric channel where the Hamming distance among codewords is the major factor in the performance of the code. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benefit–risk analysis for the clinician: ‘primum non nocere’ revisited—the case for antipsychotics in the treatment of behavioural disturbances in dementia
Authors: Naarding P. , van Grevenstein M. , Beekman A. T. F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe results of clinical trials are often presented in a way that only highlights either the benefits or the risks of the treatment under study. Especially in older age, clinical psychiatric problems are often of complex nature, which requires integrating multiple sources of data to reach clinical decisions. An analytical, decision‐making strategy can be of help in arranging the results of various studies in such a way as to aid decision‐making. In this paper, we clarify this method using the case of the risks and benefits of using antipsychotics in older people with dementia and behavioural disturbances. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parental conditional regard as a predictor of deficiencies in young children's capacities to respond to sad feelings
Authors: Roth Guy , Assor Avi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between parents' use of conditional regard (PCR, Assor, Roth, & Deci, 2004; Roth, 2008) to promote suppression of sad feelings and the following emotional skills in young children: (1) recognition of sadness in facial expressions, (2) awareness of sad feelings in oneself, and (3) empathic response to others' sad feelings. The study distinguished between two PCR components: conditional negative regard (similar to love withdrawal) and conditional positive regard. Emotion‐focused interviews were conducted with 102 children aged 5–6 years, and their parents completed questionnaires assessing parents' use of conditional regard. As expected, both PCR components correlated negatively with the emotional skills. Regression analyses showed that the seemingly benign practice of conditional positive regard had unique negative associations with the three emotional skills also when effects of negative PCR were controlled. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface nanoscale patterning of bioactive glass to support cellular growth and differentiation
Authors: Lei Bo , Chen Xiaofeng , Wang Yingjun , Zhao Naru , Du Chang , Fang Liming 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBioactive glasses (BGs) have been widely used for bone tissue regeneration as they are able to bond directly with bone. Clinical applications of these materials are likely to be in particulate form. Nanoscale materials can mimic the surface properties of natural tissues, which have exhibited superior cytocompatible property and improved tissue regeneration. The objective of this study is to prepare bioactive glass particles with nanoscale or non‐nanoscale surface features and investigate their microstructure, apatite‐forming bioactivity and cellular response. The microstructure and micro‐nanoscale surface morphology were controlled by adding a hydroxyl‐carboxyl acid (citric acid) in the sol–gel process. Results shown that the addition of citric acid induced the formation of nanoscale surface structure and increased the specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of bioactive glass particles. The citric acid with low‐concentration‐derived sol–gel bioactive glasses (CBGs) resulted in an enhanced apatite‐formation ability in simulated body fluids (SBF) compared to normal bioactive glasses. The attachment and proliferation of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells (RMSCs) on CBGs (low concentration) were higher than those of normal BGs, demonstrating that the CBGs had the excellent cytocompatibility. RMSCs on CBGs (low concentration) expressed the higher alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) than normal BGs and tissue culture plastic, revealing that CBGs can induced differentiation of RMSCs to the osteogenic lineage. Such improved physical and biological properties of CBGs (low concentration) should be useful in developing new bioactive glass materials for stem cell‐based bone regeneration or biomimic tissue engineering scaffolds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010