bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a Single Day Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Training Course for Critical Care Air Transport Team Eligible Personnel
Authors: Paredes R Madelaine , Inman Brannon , Davis William T , Castaneda Maria , Mireles Allyson A , Baldwin Darren S , Rodriguez Dylan C , Medellin Kimberly L , Ng Patrick C , Maddry Joseph K 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced medical technology that is used to treat respiratory and heart failure. The U.S. military has used ECMO in the care of combat casualties during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom as well as in the treatment of patients during the recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. However, few Military Health System personnel have training and experience in the use of ECMO therapy. To address this dearth of expertise, we developed and evaluated an accelerated ECMO course for military medical personnel.

Objectives
To compare the efficacy of an accelerated ECMO course for Military Health System critical care teams.

Methods
Seventeen teams, each consisting of a physician and nurse, underwent a 5-h accelerated ECMO course. Similar to our previous live-tissue ECMO training program (phases I and II), each team watched prerecorded ECMO training lectures. Subjects then practiced priming the ECMO circuit, cannulating ECMO, initiating ECMO, and correcting common complications on an ECMO simulation model. An added component to this phase III project included transportation and telemedicine consultation availability. Training success was evaluated via knowledge and confidence assessments, and observation of each team attempting to initiate ECMO on a Yorkshire swine patient model, transport the patient model, and troubleshoot complications with the support of telemedicine consultation when desired.

Results
Seventeen teams successfully completed the course. All seventeen teams (100%) successfully placed the swine on veno-arterial ECMO. Of those, 15 teams successfully transitioned to veno-arterial-venous ECMO. The knowledge assessments of physicians and nurses increased by 12.2% from pretest (mean of 62.1%, SD 10.4%) to posttest (mean of 74.4%, SD 8.2%), P &lt; .0001; their confidence assessments increased by 41.1% from pretest (mean of 20.1%, SD 11.8%) to posttest (mean of 61.2%, SD 18.6%).

Conclusions
An abbreviated 1-day lecture and hands-on task-trainer-based ECMO course resulted in a high rate of successful skill demonstration and improvement of physicians’ and nurses’ knowledge assessments and confidence levels, similar to our previous live-tissue training program. When compared to our previous studies, the addition of telemedicine and patient transportation to this study did not affect the duration or performance of procedures.
High Rates of Eye Surgery Cancellation in Veterans Related to Mental Health
Authors: Hanson Justin , Hui Maggie , Strawbridge Jason C , Chatterjee Sayan , Goodyear Kendall , Giaconi JoAnn A , Tsui Irena 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Approximately 9 million veterans receive health care at the Veterans Health Administration, many of whom have psychiatric illnesses. The military continues to have higher rates of psychiatric illness compared to the civilian population. Having a diagnosis such as posttraumatic stress disorder or depression may create challenges in using health care services, such as surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate eye surgery cancellation, risk factors for cancellation, and areas for intervention within the VA.

Materials and Methods
This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. The Veteran Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture were queried to identify all surgical requests at the West Los Angeles VA in 2019. Data collection included sociodemographic information and comorbid medical conditions, including psychiatric illness. Exploratory analyses using univariate logistic regression were used to evaluate factors associated with surgery cancellation.

Results
A total of 1,115 surgical requests were identified with a cancellation rate of 23.7% (n = 270). Sociodemographic factors were similar between those with completed and cancelled surgery. However, having a psychiatric diagnosis correlated with surgery cancellation. For all subspecialties, patients with schizophrenia were more likely to have cancellation (odds ratio [OR], 2.53, P = .04). For retina surgery, patients with posttraumatic stress disorder were more likely to have cancellation (OR, 4.23, P = .01). Glaucoma patients with anxiety (OR, 5.78, P = .05) and depression (OR, 4.05, P = .04) were more likely to have cancellation.

Conclusions
There was a significant amount of eye surgery cancellations in veterans with variation by subspecialty and comorbid conditions. Having a psychiatric illness was correlated with increased rates of surgery cancellation amongst veterans. Areas to improve surgical utilization include risk stratification and increased support of vulnerable patients before surgery.
Hans Jonas: The Last German Philosopher and His Jewish Challenge to Modernity: Affirming Life
Authors: Kutash Emilie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Victorio Hosle called Hans Jonas “the last German philosopher.” Jonas’ Memoirs connect changing philosophical priorities with devastating life events. The shock of learning of his former mentor, Heidegger’s, affiliation to National Socialism, his exile from Germany and his mother’s death in Auschwitz, made the conceptual universe of German Idealism, Husserl and Heidegger, seem nihilistic and akin to a Gnostic denigration of worldliness. The brutal wartime realities exposed a callous removal from nature and any meaningful humanism. After soldiering in the war with “Maccabean rage,” he subsequently created his philosophical biology of organism, one which respected the corporeal, metabolic basis of life. His consequent innovations in Environmental and Medical Ethics had an enormous impact on the German scholarly world. Jonas retained a lifelong attachment to German culture and “saved” German philosophy by making critical amendments. Later in life he wrote in German, spent a sabbatical year in Germany, received the medal of honor from the Federal Republic of Germany and honorary doctorates from several German universities. The “German” Jonas brought a respect for ontology and nature to a philosophy that was prone to sterile abstractions. The life-affirming “Jewish” Jonas restored an ethical mandate for responsibility for the future of the planet and humankind to a bereft ethics.
Establishing the minimal clinically important difference of the Brief Fatigue Inventory for brain or CNS cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Gunn Heather J , Zaniletti Isabella , Breen William G , Leavitt Todd , Bogan Aaron , Mahajan Anita , Brown Paul D , Yan Elizabeth , Vora Sujay A , Merrell Kenneth W , Ashman Jonathan B , Peterson Jennifer L , Leenstra James L , Wilson Zachary C , Laughlin Brady S , Laack Nadia N , DeWees Todd A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) quantify the clinical relevance of quality of life results at the individual patient and group level. The aim of this study was to estimate the MCID for the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) and the Worst and Usual Fatigue items in patients with brain or CNS cancer undergoing curative radiotherapy.

Methods
Data from a multi-site prospective registry was used. The MCID was calculated using distribution-based and anchor-based approaches. For the anchor-based approach, the fatigue item from the PROMIS-10 served as the anchor to determine if a patient improved, deteriorated, or had no change from baseline to end of treatment (EOT). We compared the unadjusted means on the BFI for the 3 groups to calculate the MCID. For the distribution-based approaches, we calculated the MCID as 0.5 SD of the scores and as 1.96 times the standard error of measurement.

Results
Three-hundred and fifty nine patients with brain or CNS tumors undergoing curative radiotherapy filled out the 9-item BFI at baseline and EOT. The MCID for the BFI was 1.33 (ranging from 0.99 to 1.70 across the approaches), 1.51 (ranging from 1.16 to 2.02) and 1.76 (ranging from 1.38 to 2.14) for the usual and worst fatigue items, respectively.

Conclusions
This study provides the MCID ranges for the BFI and Worst and Usual fatigue items, which will allow clinically meaningful conclusions to be drawn from BFI scores. These results can be used to select optimal treatments for patients with brain or CNS cancer or to interpret BFI scores from clinical trials.
Fame Nation
Authors: Osterweis Ariel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how queer and closeted black masculinities are depicted in 1980s American dance and its translations into film and photography. Focused on Richardson’s high school years at LaGuardia, during which time he earned the Presidential Scholar in the Arts award, the chapter takes place against the backdrop of Reaganism, the culture wars, and the New Jim Crow. The year of the award, 1986, was a politically charged time of conservativism that negatively impacted Black Americans. It was the same year that Ronald Reagan signed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act and photographer Robert Mapplethorpe published his book of photographed Black male nudes, Black Book. Reagan actively defunded many of the programs that Lyndon Johnson had established. 1986 marked six years since Reagan’s 1980 attempt to abolish the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and three years before the 1989 NEA scandal involving Mapplethorpe and Andres Serrano, among others. Mapplethorpe’s images were implicated in the culture wars, inciting numerous national debates on “obscenity,” fetishism, classicism, sexuality, religion, and blackness. The culture wars and what Michelle Alexander elaborates on as the “New Jim Crow” (including a continuation of Nixon’s War on Drugs through channels such as the school-to-prison pipeline) coalesced against the backdrop of Reagan’s defunding of the arts and calculated disregard for the AIDS crisis. This chapter also discusses Leroy from the movie Fame and how Richardson’s story parallels that of Leroy. It comments on the uncanny meta-narrative of black performance labor taking place as the real-life stories of Richardson and Gene Anthony Ray (who plays Leroy) are layered onto that of Leroy. This chapter analyzes a Mapplethorpe photograph of dancer Derrick Cross to further explore how black dancing masculinities are portrayed in 1980s American culture. Then, cycling back, further demonstrating how intertwined Fame and Richardson’s career have become, the 2009 revival of Fame cites Richardson’s company, Complexions, as the greatest contemporary dance company in the world. This chapter thinks through Richardson’s high school training alongside the Mapplethorpe image and tropes of youthful dance aspiration in Fame, as recounted by Richardson’s high school modern dance teacher, Penny Frank, who also acted in the film.
Difficult Fun
Authors: Osterweis Ariel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Richardson decided to leave Ailey and form Complexions in 1994. The same year, Richardson left the US to dance in Germany with William Forsythe’s Ballett Frankfurt. This chapter explores how Richardson and choreographer William Forsythe’s combined modes of improvisation create a notable shift in their practices to a “black radical tradition.” It cites George Balanchine and improvisational traditions as influences on Forsythe. Richardson and Forsythe’s collaboration collapses racial and choreographic signifiers, lingering in the difficult space of illegibility. Through concerted practice, such illegibility functions as a refiguring of the relationship between subjectivity and blackness. The chapter traces the way Frankfurt dancers describe an otherwise modernist aesthetic of difficulty as “fun,” ultimately positioning the body as the locale of choreographic and ontological agency. In doing so, it traverses the interval between what Forsythe calls a “[staging] of disappearance” and what Fred Moten refers to as the inevitably “improvisatory exteriority” of blackness. While much of the book works to make legible otherwise illegible queer black masculinities, this chapter understands a certain kind of formal, choreographic illegibility as a site of radical, performative potential for black subjectivity. Despite Richardson’s hypervisibility, his work in improvisation renders him illegible as he collapses racial signifiers in pursuit of an aesthetics of difficulty with Forsythe.
Bad
Authors: Osterweis Ariel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Desmond Richardson worked with Michael Jackson seven times over the course of his career, first appearing as a teenager in Jackson’s music video, “Bad.” This chapter discusses how choreographic falsetto is manifested in Richardson’s collaboration with Jackson, and goes on to theorize “freakery” as the term pertains to both artists. This chapter’s main focus is an investigation of the term “freak”—the history of the term’s origins in ethnological freak shows and how it has evolved into a colloquial term that designates both otherness and hyperability. In discussing the way freaks are often emulated, this chapter also traces a genealogy of appropriation and authenticity from Broadway (“Great White Way”) to the contemporary music video. The quintessential falsetto post-soul singer of the 1980s and 1990s, Jackson is a virtuoso in his own regard. By incorporating interviews with Richardson, this chapter provides the reader with unique insight into Jackson’s process and work ethic. In addition to turning its attention to Jackson’s oft-eclipsed dancing, this chapter compares Richardson and Jackson’s artistry in terms of virtuosity. Richardson is often referred to by fans as a “freak” due to the incredible feats he executes with aplomb. The use of the term in Jackson’s case was more derogatory and related more to his personal (rather than artistic) life—his surgical bodily modifications and skin condition, vitiligo (not to mention his alleged child sex abuse crimes). In this chapter we find two kinds of alteration taking place, surgical and technical: the body is transformed by knife and rehearsal. The question of the mechanical comes to the fore in regard to surgery, on the one hand, and dance technique (as technology), on the other.
Henry Enfield Roscoe
Authors: Morris Peter J.T. , Reed Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Henry Enfield Roscoe (1833–1915) was one of the most prominent chemists and educational reformers in Victorian Britain. He was born in London and was educated in Liverpool and at University College London. He then studied under Robert Bunsen in Heidelberg and thereafter admired German education. Having transformed the chemistry department at Owens College into one of the best in Britain, he assisted the conversion of the college into Victoria University (University of Manchester’s official name until 2004) and then embarked on a campaign to reform technical education at all levels, using Germany as a model. Roscoe became a Manchester MP in 1885 and after helping with the passing of the Technical Instruction Act in 1889, he pushed for a scheme of compulsory metrication in 1895. After losing his seat in the General Election of 1895, Roscoe oversaw the reform of the University of London as its vice-chancellor, assisted the formation of Imperial College, helped to found the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, and was a director of the Castner-Kellner Alkali Company. His ability to bring together academic and industrial chemists resulted in the creation of the Society of Chemical Industry (1881), and his association with Eton College led to the formation of the forerunner of the Association for Science Education. This biography aims to show how these different strands of Roscoe’s career came together to make Roscoe one of the leading scientists of his generation; his impact is still felt today.
Finding His Niche
Authors: Morris Peter J.T. , Reed Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter shows the importance for Roscoe of his time living and studying in London, the influence of several outstanding teachers on his intellectual development, and the network of people Roscoe met, many of whom were to remain lifelong friends. Roscoe chose to study at University College London because there were no religious stipulations, and he came under the influence of the mathematician Augustus De Morgan, and the chemists Thomas Graham and Alexander Williamson. Teaching in the Birkbeck laboratory allowed students to undertake experimental work, which appealed to Roscoe, who matriculated with a BA in 1852. While in London, Roscoe became acquainted with Benjamin Brodie (later Professor of Chemistry at Oxford), Henry Holland (physician and President of the Royal Institution), and Alfred Fletcher (later Chief Inspector of the Alkali Administration); and also met his cousin Stanley Jevons, who later would join him on the staff of Owens College Manchester.
After the Flying Saucers Came
Authors: Eghigian Greg 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
After the Flying Saucers Came tells the story of the world's fascination with UFOs and the prospect that they were the work of visitors from outer space. While accounts of great wonders in the sky date back to antiquity, reports of UFOs took place against the unique backdrop of the Cold War and space age, giving rise to disputed government inquiries, breath-taking news stories, and single-minded sleuths. This book traces how a seemingly isolated incident in 1947 sparked an international drama involving shady figures, questionable evidence, suspicions of conspiracy, hoaxes, new religions, scandals, unsettling alien encounters, debunkers, and celebrities. It examines how descriptions, theories, and debates about unidentified flying objects and contact with aliens changed over time and how they appeared in the United States, Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Russia. And it explores the impact UFOs have had and continue to have on our understanding of space, science, technology, politics, and ourselves up through the present day.
Spaceships, Conspiracies, and the Birth of the UFO Detective, 1948–1953
Authors: Eghigian Greg 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
While the flying saucer sighting was born in 1947, the drama surrounding UFOs emerged only over the ensuing six years. Between 1947 and 1953, flying saucers went from being things people reported seeing to being a stock set of images, characters, and stories with which most people were familiar. By the mid-1950s, to mention seeing something moving oddly in the sky instantly conjured up more than flying disks and Kenneth Arnold; it also brought up thoughts of alien corpses, UFO photos, military investigations, government cover-up, demands for disclosure, hoaxes, and ridiculing debunkers. The Air Force adopted the term UFO to try to rid the phenomenon of these associations, but to no avail. Pulp fiction publishers kept pressing the idea that flying saucers came from outer space. The stage was set for a perpetual debate about UFOs between believers and skeptics.
Intruders
Authors: Eghigian Greg 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the 1980s and 1990s, interest in UFOs and extraterrestrial visitors took a dark, alarming turn. More and more, the talk was of aliens forcing witnesses on board their vessels and performing experiments and examinations on their victims. Dominated by the specter of alien abduction, the focus of ufology moved away from speculations about nuts-and-bolts spacecraft and toward analyzing the stories of individuals having unnerving encounters with entities from another world. At the same time, UFO investigators began to assume a new role as advisors and counselors to witnesses, using hypnosis to recover traumatic memories of terrifying experiences at the hands of alien intruders. Leading abductee researchers like Budd Hopkins, David Jacobs, and John Mack, however, found themselves the targets of criticism for their controversial interventions.
The Arab American Novel
Authors: Hassan Waïl S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates the Arab American novel as a transnational, multilingual phenomenon, even in its narrowest sense as the novel written in English by Arab immigrants and their descendants in the United States. Arab immigrant novelists have tended to focus on the home country and/or the experience of coming to America, while most novels by US-born (second- and third-generation) writers have focused on Arab American identity. The Arab American novel responds to a particular kind of Orientalist representation that reaches back to the nineteenth century and that, since the mid-twentieth century, has reflected US attitudes toward, and foreign policy in, the Middle East. This discourse has been inescapable: writers wishing to address the subject of the Arab American experience in English have had to define their position in relation to it, whether through confirmation, rejection, or negotiation that accepts some of its tenets while challenging others.
Historical Fiction
Authors: Donahue James J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter charts the trajectory of US historical fiction from the Second World War to the early decades of the twenty-first century. Prominent mid-twentieth-century historical novelists produced books that were well researched and often meticulously detailed, embodying a belief in the past as a knowable, documentable field that fiction can bring to life. Often celebratory in tone, these various works also presented America’s past largely in terms of American Exceptionalism, particularly in terms of social and technological progress. From the 1960s on, however, the project of US historical fiction increasingly sought to challenge the authority of the narratives that had been composed to construct the common understanding of US history. Novelists incorporated voices traditionally left out of historical fiction and often pursued narrative strategies designed to disorient their readers, challenging them to re-evaluate received truths and accepted stories.
Regionalism
Authors: Campbell Donna M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that taking a long view of regionalism over time reveals its importance in constructing a more complete vision of US literature. Beginning as a minor, if popular, form of writing in the 1870s and 1880s, local color or regionalism was dismissed as insular and provincial in the early twentieth century during the rise of modernism, which favored transnational, urban, and cosmopolitan perspectives. Post-1940s regionalism, however, engages with history and national culture in ways that differ from the illusion of sheltered remoteness common in nineteenth-century regionalism, with the region becoming the backdrop for a re-envisioning of both local and national history. At the start of the twenty-first century, regionalist writing has dramatized what it means to live with rural poverty, suburban despair, or the decaying infrastructure and crumbling families of post-industrial regions.