bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐stroke fatigue: qualitative study of three focus groups
Authors: Flinn Nancy A. , Stube Jan E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFatigue affects many persons after cerebrovascular accident, particularly those with mild stroke. A qualitative methodology using focus groups with 19 community‐living post‐stroke survivors was utilized to explore the occupational impact of fatigue as communicated by the participants. Although self‐report of a small sample of the United States' post‐stroke population will have limitations in generalizability, this study identifies specific health‐related quality of life issues that can occur with post‐stroke fatigue. The participants felt unprepared for the fatigue phenomenon and struggled to adapt, with fatigue having a debilitating influence upon daily occupational performance and roles, including social participation, return to work, driving, reading and sleeping. The participants indicated that exercise (such as walking and water aerobics) and use of assistive technology were helpful strategies in reducing fatigue. The occupational performance and role impact identified by participants in this study can inform the design of effective occupational therapy interventions and further quantitative study of persons with post‐stroke fatigue. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of an anionic monomer on the pickering emulsion polymerization stabilized by titania hydrosol
Authors: Song Xiaomei , Yin Guannan , Zhao Yongliang , Wang Haitao , Du Qiangguo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPolystyrene (PS) nanocomposite particles with high titania content are prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization. A self‐made titania hydrosol modified by an anionic monomer sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) is used as a stabilizer and photocatalyst. The stability of the emulsion system is greatly improved by the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged NaSS and positively charged titania nanoparticles. The nanocomposite spheres with the diameter of around 120 nm are highly charged, indicating titania‐rich surfaces of latex particles. It is also proven by the field‐emission transmission electron microscope and field‐emission scanning electron microscope images. The well‐defined core‐shell structure of the obtained PS/titania composite particles is confirmed by the formation of fragile hollow titania nanospheres after thermogravimetric analysis tests. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5728–5736, 2009
Synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ether nitrile)s by one‐step polycondensation of an AB2 monomer
Authors: Jikei Mitsutoshi , Itoh Hideaki , Yoshida Norihiro , Inai Yosuke , Hayakawa Teruaki , Kakimoto Masa‐Aki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHyperbranched poly(ether nitrile)s were prepared from a novel AB2 type monomer, 2‐chloro‐4‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenoxy)benzonitrile, via nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Soluble and low‐viscous hyperbranched polymers with molecular weights upto 233,600 (Mw) were isolated. According to the 1H NMR and GPC data, the unique polymerization behavior was observed, which implies that the weight average molecular weight increased after the number average molecular weight reached plateau region. Model compounds were prepared to characterize the branching structure. Spectroscopic measurements of the model compounds and the resulting polymers, such as 1H, DEPT 13C NMR, and MS, strongly suggest that the ether exchange reaction and cyclization are involved in the propagation reaction. The side reactions would affect the unique polymerization behavior. The resulting polymers showed a good solubility in organic solvents similar to other hyperbranched aromatic polymers. The hydroxy‐terminated polymer was even soluble in basic water. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5835–5844, 2009
Low temperature polymerization of novel, monotropic liquid crystalline benzoxazines
Authors: Velez‐Herrera Pedro , Ishida Hatsuo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCationic ring opening polymerization at a lower temperature range/faster polymerization than ordinary benzoxazine resins has been achieved without added initiators or catalysts via liquid crystalline (LC) benzoxazine resins. Faster polymerization is observed even above the liquid crystal forming temperature. The FTIR spectra show that opening of the oxazine ring occurs even at 110 °C generating phenolic groups that auto‐catalyzed the cationic polymerization of the monomer increasing the rate of polymerization. The newly formed H‐bonds inhibit the formation of LC phases after polymerization. Some of the monomers show nematic LC transitions upon cooling. None of them showed LC transitions during the heating cycle, exhibiting monotropic LC phases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5871–5881, 2009
Grafting of polymer matrix to exfoliated montmorillonite nanoplatelets in nanocomposite film cast from soap‐free emulsion polymerized latex and its fortified mechanical properties
Authors: Lin Keng‐Jen , Weng Ting Hsiang , Lee Chia‐Hsin , Lin King‐Fu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPoly(methyl acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) [P(MA‐co‐MMA)] nanocomposite film containing 1 wt % of montmorillonite (MMT) exhibited unusual higher ductility, higher strain recovery ratio after creep, and higher modulus and strength compared to neat P(MA‐co‐MMA) as they were cast from their individual latices fabricated by soap‐free emulsion polymerization. The fortified mechanical properties were attributed to the MgO components of exfoliated MMT nanoplatelets being grafted by P(MA‐co‐MMA) chains as verified by FTIR and XPS spectroscopies, which to the best of our knowledge is the first time in the literature providing the direct evidence for the polymer chains grafting onto the exfoliated MMT. TEM investigation of the stretched nanocomposite film revealed that the microcracks in the nanocomposite film appeared mainly in the bulk region of polymer matrix, implying that the interfacial strength between P(MA‐co‐MMA) and its grafted MMT nanoplatelets was higher than the cohesion strength of P(MA‐co‐MMA). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5891–5897, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of 9,10‐diphenylanthracene‐based blue light emitting materials
Authors: Kim Sul Ong , Jung Hyun Cheol , Lee Min‐Jung , Jun Chen , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kwon Soon‐Ki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new series of conjugated polymers having diphenylanthracene vinylene biphenylene and diphenylanthracene vinylene terphenylene in the main chain and fluorene pendant group, were synthesized by nickel catalized Yamamoto coupling and palladium catalized Suzuki coupling. The obtained polymers showed good solubility in the common organic solvent and number average molecular weights of 14,000–9500 with a polydispersity indexes ranging from 1.7 to 2.1. Both polymers possess excellent thermal stability with glass transition temperatures of 123–127 °C and the onset decomposition temperatures of 420–400 °C. The obtained polymers showed blue emission (λmax = 461 for PFPA and λmax = 455 nm for PFPAME) in PL spectra, specially, PFPAME containing diphenylanthracene vinylene terphenylenevinylene showed the consistent emission in the solution and film. The double‐layered device with an ITO/PEDOT/PFPAME/LiF/Al structure has a turn‐on voltage of about 5.8 V, maximum brightness of 152 cd/m2 and an electroluminescent efficiency of 0.143 lm/W, and stable blue EL emission that is not altered by increased voltage. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5908–5916, 2009
The current global status of chinese materia medica
Authors: Xinmin Liu , Jiangqiang Zou , Zhixiang Sheng , Guangqiang Su , Shilin Chen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Chinese government has recently established a national project to improve the standards of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) products, particularly regarding their quality control and safety evaluation, in order to promote modernization and increase international trade. In 2006, the global sales value of Chinese medicinal products increased to 20 billion US$, and the export value of CMM was up to more than 1 billion US$. However, the standard of these products still needs to be improved to meet the more stringent requirements of the international markets. Over the past decade we have witnessed the increasing growth in popularity of health foods and herbal medicinal products, especially Chinese Materia Medica products (CMM). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of the stable water isotopic composition of the rain sampled along Sahelian squall lines
Authors: Risi Camille , Bony Sandrine , Vimeux Francoise , Chong Michel , Descroix Luc 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the Tropics, the stable isotopic composition (HDO, H$_{2}^{18}$O) of precipitation is strongly modulated by convective activity. To better understand how convective processes impact the precipitation isotopic composition, we analyze the isotopic composition of rain collected during the passage of four squall lines over the Sahel (Niamey, Niger) in August 2006 during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) campaign. The high‐frequency sampling (5−10 min) of the precipitation allows us to investigate the evolution of the precipitation isotopic composition in different phases of the squall lines. Despite a large variability among the different squall lines, some robust isotopic features appear: the W shape of the δ18O evolution and the deuterium excess decrease in the first part of the stratiform zone. To understand more quantitatively how convective processes impact the precipitation isotopic composition, a simple stationary two‐dimensional transport model including a representation of cloud microphysics and isotopic fractionation is developed and forced by three‐dimensional winds retrieved from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) radar on 11 August 2006. The model reproduces the robust observed features and a large sensitivity to the squall‐line dynamics. This model suggests that the main controlling factors of the isotopic evolution are (1) squall‐line dynamics, especially the downward advection of air at the rear of the squall lines, affecting the vapour composition and, by isotopic equilibration, the subsequent precipitation composition and (2) rain re‐evaporation. This suggests that water isotopes have the potential to better constrain squall‐line dynamics and rain re‐evaporation, and to evaluate the representation of convective processes in numerical models. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Estimation of Aqueous‐Phase Reaction Rate Constants of Hydroxyl Radical with Phenols, Alkanes and Alcohols
Authors: Wang Ya‐nan , Chen Jingwen , Li Xuehua , Zhang Siyu , Qiao Xianliang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed for the aqueous‐phase hydroxyl radical reaction rate constants (kOH) employing quantum chemical descriptors and multiple linear regressions (MLR). The QSAR development followed the OECD guidelines, with special attention to validation, applicability domain (AD) and mechanistic interpretation. The established model yielded satisfactory performance: the correlation coefficient square (R2) was 0.905, the root mean squared error (RMSE) was 0.139, the leave‐many‐out cross‐validated QLMO2 was 0.806, and the external validated QEXT2 was 0.922 log units. The AD of the model covering compounds of phenols, alkanes and alcohols, was analyzed by Williams plot. The main molecular structural factors governing kOH are the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), average net atomic charges on hydrogen atoms ($\rm{ \overline {Q_{\rm{H}}^{} } }$), molecular surface area (MSA) and dipole moment (μ). It was concluded that kOH increased with increasing EHOMO and MSA, while decreased with increasing $\rm{ \overline {Q_{\rm{H}}^{} } }$ and μ.
Resistive Switching in Nanogap Systems on SiO2 Substrates
Authors: Yao Jun , Zhong Lin , Zhang Zengxing , He Tao , Jin Zhong , Wheeler Patrick J. , Natelson Douglas , Tour James M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVoltage‐controlled resistive switching in various gap systems on SiO2 substrates is reported. The nanoscale‐sized gaps are made by several means using different materials including metals, semiconductors, and amorphous carbon. The switching site is further reduced in size by using multiwalled carbon nanotubes and single‐walled carbon nanotubes. The switching in all the gap systems shares the same characteristics. This independence of switching on the material compositions of the electrodes, accompanied by observable damage to the SiO2 substrate at the gap region, bespeaks the intrinsic switching from post‐breakdown SiO2. It calls for caution when studying resistive switching in nanosystems on oxide substrates, since oxide breakdown extrinsic to the nanosystem can mimic resistive switching. Meanwhile, the high ON/OFF ratio (≈105), fast switching time (2 µs, tested limit), and durable cycles show promising memory properties. The observed intermediate states reveal the filamentary nature of the switching.
Grand tour and the Andrews plot
Authors: Moustafa Rida E. , Hadi Ali S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe relationship between Andrews plot and Grand Tour (GT) stems from the fact that both view multiprojections of hyperdimensional data. The difference, however, is that GT views all possible projections of the data, while Andrews plot views only sets of projections. In this paper, we give a quick introduction to GT and Andrews plot and some visualization examples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 in experimental severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Kamei Keiko , Yasuda Takeo , Ueda Takashi , Qiang Fu , Takeyama Yoshifumi , Shiozaki Hitoshi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) is a regulator of immunity and an amplifier of inflammatory signaling. The aim was to clarify the role of TREM‐1 in the pathophysiology of experimental severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).MethodsSAP was induced by retrograde injection of 3 and 20% sodium deoxycholate (DCA) into the biliopancreatic ducts in rats (DCA pancreatitis). Soluble TREM‐1 levels in serum, ascitic fluid, pancreas, liver and kidney were determined with an established available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. To clarify the source of soluble TREM‐1 in serum and ascitic fluid, peritoneal macrophage depletion was done. Moreover, the effect of blockade of TREM‐1 pathway was examined using LP17 (a synthetic TREM‐1 inhibitor).ResultsSoluble TREM‐1 levels in serum and ascitic fluid were higher in SAP. Membrane‐bound TREM‐1 protein was increased in pancreas, liver and kidney in SAP. Peritoneal macrophage depletion resulted in the reduction of soluble TREM‐1 levels in serum and ascitic fluid. Pretreatment with LP17 improved the hepatic and renal dysfunction (serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels) in SAP.ConclusionsTREM‐1 may act as an important mediator for inflammation and organ injury in SAP. TREM‐1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the development of SAP and associated organ dysfunction.
Rare site giant cell tumors: report of two cases on phalanges of the finger and review of literature
Authors: Saikia Kabul C. , Bhuyan S. K. , Goswami S. , Bora A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGiant cell tumor (GCT) of bone arising from a phalanx of a finger is extremely rare. We report two cases of GCT arising from a phalanx of a finger. One case presented with recurrence following the amputation of the left ring finger (performed elsewhere). He was treated successfully with ray amputation. The other case was treated primarily by intralesional curettage and autogenous bone graft. At their most recent follow-ups (80 and 24 months, respectively), both were recurrence free and had returned to their previous occupational and recreational activities.
A controlled study of consumption of β-glucan-enriched soups for 2 months by type 2 diabetic free-living subjects
Authors: Cugnet-Anceau Christine , Nazare Julie-Anne , Biorklund Maria , Le Coquil Elodie , Sassolas Agnès , Sothier Monique , Holm Jorgen , Landin-Olsson Mona , Önning Gunilla , Laville Martine , Moulin Philippe 
Published: September 2009

Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher cardiovascular risk and there has been a growing interest in using dietary intervention to improve lipid profile and glucose control. The present work aims at analysing the effects of the enrichment of a normal diet with β-glucan (3·5 g/d) in free-living type 2 diabetic subjects for 2 months, using a palatable soup. This trial was a parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomised study performed in fifty-three type 2 diabetic subjects. During a 3-week run-in period, subjects daily consumed a ready meal control soup (without β-glucan). For the following 8 weeks, subjects were randomly assigned to consume daily either a control soup or a β-glucan soup. Changes in lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (HDLc and LDLc), apo B and TAG) and in glucose control (HbA1c and fasting glucose) were measured. There was no significant alteration in lipid profile in the two groups (TC, HDLc, LDLc and apo B). TAG decreased significantly in the β-glucan group compared with the control group ( − 0·12 (sd0·38)v. 0·12 (sd0·44) mmol/l,P = 0·03). HbA1c and fasting glucose were not reduced in any group. A single daily ingestion of 3·5 g β-glucan, as required by official dietary recommendations, for 8 weeks did not change the lipid profile and HbA1c in type 2 diabetic subjects. To improve the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetic subjects in the long term, the quantity, the food vectors and the tolerability of β-glucan products may be re-evaluated.
Effects ofBacillus thuringiensisCry1Ab and Cry3Aa endotoxins on predatory Coleoptera tested through artificial diet-incorporation bioassays
Authors: Porcar M. , García-Robles I. , Domínguez-Escribà L. , Latorre A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTraditional approaches to studying the effects of genetically modified (GM) crops on beneficial insects involve either field assays, comparing insect population levels between control and GM crops or tritrophic bioassays with contaminated insects – usually larvae or eggs of Lepidoptera – as preys. Here, we report the results of a bioassay using an artificial diet, suitable for predatory Coleoptera, to supplyBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) solubilized Cry1Ab and Cry3Aa as well as trypsin-activated Cry1Ab toAtheta coriariaandCryptolaemus montrouzieriadults and young larvae ofAdalia bipunctata. Water, solubilization buffer and trypsin-treated solubilization buffer were used as controls. In total, 1600 insects were assayed. Assays showed a relatively low mortality rate in the controls, ranging from as low as 7% after 15 days (C. montrouzieri) to about 15–20% after five days (A. bipunctata) or 15 days (A. coriaria). For all three predators, there were no statistical differences between the mortality recorded in any of the treatment groups and the corresponding controls. These results indicate a lack of short- (A. bipunctata) and long-term (A. coriariaandC. montrouzieri) mortality associated with oral ingestion of Cry1Ab and Cry3Aa at the high dose tested (50 μg ml−1). We discuss the relevance of these findings for the ecology of beneficial Coleoptera and compatibility with Bt and GM Bt crops.
Relative expression of antigen B coding gene of bubaline isolates of Echinococcus granulosus in fertile and sterile cysts
Authors: Pan D. , Bera A.K. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Das S.K. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Bhattacharyya S. , Manna B. , De S. , Bhattacharya D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article communicates the relative quantification of five isoforms of antigen B (AgB) of Echinococcus granulosus. Relative expression of the AgB was quantified in active and inactive cysts. Cysts with germinal membrane, clear cyst fluid and protoscoleces showed uniform expression of the five isoforms and were utilized as control. Relative expression of AgB1 was the highest in cysts, where calcification has initiated. AgB2 and AgB4 were expressed more in fertile cysts irrespective of the condition of germinal membrane. The lowest expression of AgB3 was seen in calcified cysts. The relative expression of AgB5 could not be correlated with respect to the condition of the cyst because AgB5 is typically expressed by the adult stage of the parasite.
Enteric calicivirus and rotavirus infections in domestic pigs
Authors: HALAIHEL N. , MASÍA R. M. , FERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ M. , RIBES J. M. , MONTAVA R. , De BLAS I. , GIRONÉS O. , ALONSO J. L. , BUESA J. 
Published: September 2009

SUMMARYWe report the prevalence of rotavirus and calicivirus infections, along with their respective association with diarrhoea in the porcine population of the region of northern Spain. A total of 221 samples were collected at random from different farms in the region and from the main slaughterhouse facility in the city of Zaragoza. Faecal samples were scored as diarrhoeic or normal and grouped into five groups to match general farm management and age criteria: group I (suckling 0–4 weeks), group II (weaning >4–8 weeks), group III (transition >8–16 weeks), group IV (fattening >16–24 weeks) and group V (adults >24 weeks). Group A rotavirus detection and caliciviruses were investigated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Conventional RT–PCR was performed using primers designed to detect rotavirus group A, caliciviruses and/or human noroviruses. A real-time RT–PCR was carried out using TaqMan probes for genogroups GI and GII of noroviruses. Rotaviruses and caliciviruses were detected with an overall prevalence of 16·7% and 12·2%, respectively. Rotavirus detection in faecal samples was associated with both age and faecal consistency, being more frequent in piglets aged <8 weeks with odds ratios (ORs) equal to 4·3 and 4·9, respectively. Calicivirus shedding in faecal samples was homogenously distributed in all ages, showing no significant association with age or faecal consistency (OR 0·87 and 0·99, respectively). A selection of rotavirus-positive stools were genotyped by multiplex nested PCR. G10, P[6], G12 P[8], G9 [p8] and G4 P[23] genotype combinations were found. Three isolates showed a G3 genotype, but their VP4 gene could not be amplified. It should be noted that the G9 genotype was the major G genotype circulating during that period in Spain. None of the porcine samples was positive for norovirus by real-time RT–PCR, despite the ability of this technique to detect at least 18 human norovirus genotypes. Our data indicate that human noroviruses are unlikely to be circulating in the porcine population; however, sapoviruses have been found. Contrary to rotavirus infection, Calicivirus infection is asymptomatic. Specific primers to detect porcine noroviruses are needed.
Le passé surcomposé sous la loupe
Authors: WILMET MARC 
Published: September 2009

RÉSUMÉComment s'effectue la surcomposition d'un verbe français? Réponse: non pas en composant l'auxiliaire, ainsi qu'on l'affirme généralement, mais en composant l'auxilié. Combien existe-t-il alors de formes surcomposées avec avoir ou être? Réponse: autant que de formes composées moins une, soit neuf. La plus courante de ces formes est le passé surcomposé. Défini en termes de temps: présent bisantérieur, et en termes d'aspect: sécant bisextensif, il est schématisable sur la ligne du temps par le tracé ABCD (où A désigne le repère de l'actualité, B l'auxiliaire de surcomposition, C l'auxiliaire de composition, D l'auxilié). Ses emplois se ventilent en quatre types selon que la relation bijective D↔C↔B est saisie en D, en C (saisie par l'arrière de la relation D↔C et saisie par l'avant de la relation C↔B) ou en B.