bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life: a potentially useful measure to indicate subclinical flares in Crohn disease
Authors: Cámara R. J. A. , Juillerat P. , Pittet V. , Schoepfer A. M. , Begré S. , von Känel R. ,   the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study Group
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:  While quality of life (QoL) is a well‐recognised outcome measure of Crohn disease (CD) activity, its influence on other outcome measures, including exacerbation of CD is poorly understood. If QoL measures were to be associated with intestinal inflammatory activity, they might be useful for early detection of subclinical flares.Aims:  We hypothesised that low QoL might be associated with subsequent CD flares.Methods:  A cohort of 318 adult CD patients was observed for 1 year after assessment of baseline characteristics. Data were collected in Swiss university hospitals, regional hospitals and private practices. At inclusion, patients completed the Inflammatory Bowel Disease QoL Questionnaire (gastrointestinal QoL; range: 32 to 224 points) and the Short Form‐36 Health Survey (general QoL; range: 35 to 145 points). During follow up, flares were recorded. Binary logistic regression was performed to estimate the relation between QoL and the odds of subsequent flares.Results:  A twofold decrease in the odds of flares (99% CI: 1.1; 4.0) per standard deviation of gastrointestinal QoL and a threefold decrease (99% CI: 1.5; 6.2) per standard deviation of general QoL were observed.Conclusions:  The close association between QoL and subsequent flares suggests that QoL measures might be useful in detecting upcoming flares before they become clinically apparent.
Differences in characteristics of men with localised prostate cancer who demonstrate low, intermediate or high prostate‐specific antigen velocity
Authors: Algotar A. M. , Thompson P. A. , Ranger‐Moore J. , Stratton M. S. , Hsu C. H. , Ahmann F. R. , Nagle R. B. , Stratton S. P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:  Current diagnostic tools are inadequate for reliable prediction of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness in patients with localised disease. This results in many patients being exposed to potentially unnecessary invasive treatment and its associated morbidities. In order to develop appropriate treatment strategies, it is essential to understand the differences between patients who will develop aggressive disease and those who will not.Methods:  A longitudinal study was conducted in men with localised PCa on active surveillance for their disease in which 140 subjects were followed every 3 months for up to 5 years. Change in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) over time (PSA velocity) was used as a marker for PCa progression. Subjects were categorised as slow, intermediate and fast progressors based on tertiles of PSA velocity. Differences in baseline markers were investigated using logistic regressions. Two approaches were used, slow progressors were compared with fast progressors (model 1) and slow progressors were compared with combination of intermediate and fast progressors (model 2).Results:  Aspirin was negatively associated with high PSA velocity in model 1 (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.24 (0.06, 0.94), P‐value = 0.04) and model 2 (odds ratio = 0.22 (0.08, 0.59), P‐value = 0.003), whereas smoking was positively associated with high PSA velocity in model 1 (1.03 (0.92, 1.13), P‐value = 0.01).Conclusions:  These findings highlight the role of aspirin and smoking in PCa progression. They have potential towards risk stratification as well as PCa prevention and hence need to be investigated further.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: an Australian single centre experience with medium term follow up
Authors: Samardhi H. , Raffel O. C. , Savage M. , Sirisena T. , Bett N. , Pincus M. , Small A. , Walters D. L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:  Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is increasingly recognised in patients presenting with features of acute coronary syndrome. We present a single centre experience of TC with medium term follow up.Methods:  Fifty‐two consecutive patients presenting with a diagnosis of TC were included. The clinical presentation, complications, baseline and follow‐up echocardiograms and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were analysed.Results:  Fifty‐one patients were female. A stressful event preceded presentation in 37 (71%) patients. Chest pain was the most common symptom (83%). Two patients presented with an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. ST segment elevation (40%) and global T wave inversion (44%) were the most frequent electrocardiogram changes. Left ventricular assessment demonstrated typical apical ballooning in 41 patients and 11 patients demonstrated the mid‐wall variant. In‐hospital complications occurred in 11 patients (21%) and included acute pulmonary oedema (n = 2), cardiogenic shock (n = 5); two of whom had a significant left ventricular outflow gradient, atrial fibrillation (n = 1), left ventricular thrombus (n = 2) and a cerebrovascular event (n = 2). Left ventricular function at presentation and follow up was compared in 40 patients. The mean ejection fraction in this group at presentation was 47% (20–70%) compared with that at follow up of 63% (44–76%). There were no significant complications or recurrences at follow up.Conclusions:  While TC is a reversible condition with low rates of complications and recurrence at follow up it is, as demonstrated in our cohort, associated with significant in‐hospital morbidity in a proportion of patients.
Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the postpartum dyspareunia treatment
Authors: Dionisi Barbara , Senatori Roberto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  This article will evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravaginal transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of vulvar pain and dyspareunia during the postpartum period related to perineal trauma caused by episiotomy.Methods:  From January 2007 to January 2009, 45 women presenting with postpartum dyspareunia related to perineal trauma after a vaginal delivery were educated on the importance of the pelvic floor and its part in continuing dyspareunia. The treatment consisted of weekly applications of intravaginal TENS in an outpatient setting and daily home therapy with myofascial stretching and exercises of the pelvic floor musculature. The results were evaluated using the cotton swab test, the Marinoff Dyspareunia Scale and the Visual Analog Scale, and the anovulvar distance was assessed prior to and at the end of the treatment period.Results:  Of the women included in the study, 84.5% reported an improvement of dyspareunia after only five applications of TENS, with a total remission of symptoms (in 95% of patients) at the end of the protocol. At follow‐up, eight months after the end of treatment, all patients were pain free.Conclusions:  Therapy with intravaginal transcutaneous nerve stimulation and pelvic floor relaxation exercises is safe and effective in the improvement of vulvar pain and dyspareunia in women with postpartum perineal trauma due to episiorrhaphy, after spontaneous delivery.
Outcome of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 diagnosed by punch biopsy in 131 women
Authors: Ding Zongqun , Jiang Chunping , Shore Timothy , Pather Selvan , Dalrymple Christopher , Atkinson Kenneth , Murali Rajmohan , Yousef Al‐Rayyan Ehab Salem , Luo Kehui , Carter Jonathan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To study the outcome of biopsy‐diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 in patients treated by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or cold knife cone biopsy (CKC).Material and Methods:  Patients (n = 131) were analyzed for histological results on LEEP/CKC specimen. Demographic and risk factors, referral cytology, high risk human papilloma virus (HR HPV) test and follow‐up colposcopic clinic visits were studied.Results:  Excisional specimens from LEEP/CKC demonstrated no CIN in 20 (15%), CIN 1 in 17 (13%), CIN 2 in 57 (44%) and CIN 3 in 37 (28%). No invasive cancers were identified. The referral Pap smear was high grade or possible high grade in 52 (40%), low grade in 59 (45%) and inconclusive in 20 (15%). Fourteen patients (11%) had positive excisional margins, eight of the 14 were tested for HR HPV infection before LEEP, and all were positive. Post‐treatment HPV testing was performed at the 12‐month visit in 6 of the 14 patients who had positive excision margins, and all 6 tested were negative. Two women (1.5%) with clear margins had recurrence of CIN 2, both tested positive for HR HPV after treatment.Conclusion:  Our data showed that a significant number of women (28%) with biopsy‐diagnosed CIN 2 had CIN 1 or no dysplasia on subsequent excisional biopsy. The recurrence risk of high grade dysplasia in CIN 2 is low (1.5%). However, due to the high number of patients (72%) with high grade dysplasia at treatment biopsy, caution needs to be exercised when a conservative approach is adopted in the management of CIN 2.
Post‐cesarean vesicouterine fistula (Youssef syndrome): Report of two cases
Authors: Ikechebelu Joseph I. , Ugboaja Joseph O. , Okeke Chukwunwendu F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVesicouterine fistula (VUF) is a rare complication of cesarean section. We present two cases of VUF that were successfully managed by transperitoneal surgical repair. The first case presented with the Youssef classical triad: cyclical hematuria (menouria), amenorrhea and urinary continence, while the second case presented with total urinary incontinence with normal menstruation. In both cases, diagnosis was confirmed by hysterogram and both were managed by transperitoneal surgical repair. The clinical features, etiologic factors, diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities are discussed in relation to the case and others as reported in the literature.
Mitral valve replacement in a twin pregnancy
Authors: Kisat Mehreen , Fatimi Saulat H. , Sheikh Lumaan , Samad Khalid 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA 35‐year‐old female with twin gestation diagnosed with severe mitral stenosis and pulmonary hypertension was successfully treated with open heart surgery for mitral valve replacement (MVR). She gave birth to twins with good Apgar scores at 33 weeks of gestation by cesarean section. Cardiac surgery in singleton pregnancy has been reported extensively. However, there is only a single reported case of MVR following therapeutic abortion of a twin pregnancy in the second trimester. In contrast, we report the first case of mitral valve replacement for severe mitral stenosis and pulmonary hypertension in an ongoing twin pregnancy with successful outcomes.
Balci technique for suspending vaginal vault at vaginal hysterectomy with reduced risk of vaginal vault prolapse
Authors: Balci Osman , Capar Metin , Acar Ali , Colakoglu Mehmet Cengiz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new technique of suspending the vaginal vault at vaginal hysterectomy (VH) for total uterine prolapse.Material and Methods:  This prospective study included 65 patients (group 1) in whom VH was performed using the new technique and 110 patients (group 2) in whom VH was performed using the traditional method. Both groups were followed up for 4 years. The incidences of vaginal vault prolapse (VVP), total vaginal length (TVL) (location of vaginal cuff), intraoperative and postoperative complications and sexual function were compared.Results:  There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding age, parity, body mass index (BMI), blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and sexual function. One (1.5%) patient had VVP in group 1, whereas 12 (10.9%) patients had VVP in group 2. TVL in group 1 was 8.9 ± 1.2 cm while in group 2 it was 5.9 ± 0.8 cm. The operation times were 57 ± 5 min and 76 ± 9 min in group 1 and group 2, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding VVP (P = 0.022), TVL (P < 0.001) and operation time (P < 0.001). The two groups were also compared regarding anterior and posterior prolapse after 4 years: group 1 had less anterior and posterior prolapse (stage II or more) than group 2 (P = 0.041, P = 0.047), respectively.Conclusion:  In this new technique, compared to the traditional technique, there was a lower incidence of VVP, greater TVL was achieved and the duration of the operation was shorter.
Symphysiotomy: Is it obsolete?
Authors: Basak Subhadeep , Kanungo Shyama , Majhi Chaityanya 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of symphysiotomy (SYM) and cesarean section (CS), when they were performed in women presenting with obstructed labor.Material and Methods:  This was a prospective comparative cohort study. Symphysiotomy was performed in 25 women who presented with obstructed labor. The controls were 50 women on whom CS was performed due to obstructed labor. Maternal mortality and morbidity due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), sepsis, genitourinary trauma, pelvic pain and gait problems were analyzed and compared between cases and controls. Neonatal mortality and morbidity due to birth asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage, cephalohematoma and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were also compared following the two procedures.Results:  Maternal mortality was similar in both the cesarean section group (CSG) and symphysiotomy group (SG), but SYM has less morbidity than CS, and also preserves the uterus from scars. Transient pelvic pain was the most common maternal morbidity following SYM, whereas PPH and wound sepsis were the most common complications after CS. Neonatal mortality and morbidity were similar in both cases and controls. Lastly, SYM is a simple, low‐cost and quicker procedure than CS.Conclusion:  Symphysiotomy is an alternative management in women with obstructed labor. It has a role in low‐resource settings, where CS is unaffordable, unavailable or unsafe. For the vast majority of the poor population, who may not have even have one proper meal a day, it can be of benefit to have a woman's pelvis made permanently adequate so that traditional birth attendants can conduct her subsequent labors.
Impact and issues of detecting fetal congenital heart defects in Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Yoshikane Yukako , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Maeno Yasuki , Nishibatake Makoto , Kan Nobuhiko , Fusazaki Naoki , Hirose Shinichi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To determine the current status of fetal CHD screening in our region and to establish a CHD screening system in Japan.Material and Methods:  Subjects were 168 fetuses prenatally‐diagnosed with CHD at four referral centers in Japan from 2003 to 2007. Subjects were divided into two groups: group A (n = 84) included cases without extracardiac sonographic abnormalities and known risk factors for CHD and group B (n = 84) included those with extracardiac sonographic abnormalities or risk factors. The diagnostics and outcomes between the groups were analyzed.Results:  There were more cases of single ventricle and restrictive ductus arteriosus and fewer cases of ventricular septal defect and double outlet right ventricle in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). In group A, the most frequent referral reason was an abnormal four‐chamber view. In group B, 37 cases had chromosomal anomalies. The mortality rates in group B were higher than those in group A (P < 0.05). There were no differences in mortality rates between fetuses without chromosomal anomalies in group B and group A.Conclusion:  Prenatally‐diagnosed CHD were mostly limited to those cases with obvious abnormalities in the four‐chamber view or those with chromosomal anomalies. Prenatal detection of CHD is useful for the prediction of outcomes.
Voronoi diagram description of the maternal surface of the placenta: Preliminary report
Authors: Wakamatsu Masao , Kikuchi Akihiko , Tamaru Shunsuke , Ono Kyoko , Horikoshi Tsuguhiro , Takagi Kimiyo , Ogiso Yoshifumi , Tanemura Masaharu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  Voronoi diagram is defined as a diagram of a collection of geometric points that defines a partition of space into cells, each of which consists of the points closer to one particular point than to any other. The distinctive feature of a placentone is the fetomaternal circulatory unit which is composed of one villous tree with a corresponding, centrifugally perfused portion of the intervillous space. Based on this placental architecture, in this study we generated Voronoi diagram from the photographic images of the maternal surface of the placenta and compared them with the shapes of the actual placentones.Material and Methods:  We simulated the placentones of 12 placentas based on Voronoi diagram using a computer program, and compared them with the photographic images of the actual maternal surface of the placentas. The point was carefully selected and adjusted so that the generated Voronoi diagram could represent the actual maternal surface of the placenta.Results:  Voronoi diagram simulated satisfactorily the borders of placentones in 10 placentas. However, we could not succeed in the simulation in two cases.Conclusion:  It seems that development and formation of placentones are not only theoretically and physiologically explainable by Voronoi diagram, but also actually achieved by this mechanism. We believe that mathematical Voronoi diagram holds a promise for evaluating physiological and pathological development of the placenta.
Visualization and genetic manipulation of adult neurogenesis using transgenic mice
Authors: Dhaliwal Jagroop , Lagace Diane C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMany laboratories have focused efforts on the creation of transgenic mouse models to study adult neurogenesis. In the last decade several constitutive reporter, as well as inducible transgenic lines have been published that allowed for visualization, tracking and alteration of specific neurogenic cell populations in the adult brain. Given the popularity of this approach, multiple mouse lines are available, and this review summarizes the differences in the basic techniques that have been used to create these mice, highlighting the different constructs and reporter proteins used, as well as the strengths and limitations of each of these models. Representative examples from the literature demonstrate some of the diverse and seminal findings that have come to fruition through the laborious, yet highly rewarding work of creating transgenic mouse lines for adult neurogenesis research.
In vivo imaging of adult neurogenesis
Authors: Couillard‐Despres Sebastien , Aigner Ludwig 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAs our understanding of adult neurogenesis increases, hopes rise that neurological disorders and neuronal losses might be addressed one day by neural stem cell‐based regenerative therapies. However, evaluating the efficacy and safety of any neurogenesis‐based intervention requires a means to monitor neurogenesis in vivo and, so far, no such imaging techniques are available for human studies. Nevertheless, using imaging techniques presently available to clinicians, i.e. magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and optical imaging, significant progress has been made in this direction over the last decade. This review describes the current state‐of‐the‐art for each imaging technique, and shows that detection of neurogenesis could theoretically be achieved using current imaging devices. Indeed, in vivo imaging of neurogenesis has already been achieved in mice using transgenic model systems. However, the imaging of human neurogenesis still requires the development of methods to reliably target the neural stem cells and the neuronal precursors in vivo.
Adult neurogenesis and the plasticity of the dentate gyrus network
Authors: Mongiat Lucas A. , Schinder Alejandro F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe granule cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus contains neurons generated during embryonic, early postnatal and adult life. During adulthood there is a continuous production of neuronal cohorts that develop and functionally integrate in the preexisting circuits. This morphogenic process generates a stratified GCL, with the outermost layers containing dentate granule cells (DGCs) generated during perinatal life, and the innermost layers containing adult‐born DGCs. In this review we analyse the functional profile of the different neuronal populations of the GCL, with an emphasis on adult‐born neurons as they develop, mature and integrate in the dentate gyrus network. We focus on the contribution of adult‐born neurons to activity‐dependent synaptic modification in the dentate gyrus and, in turn, discuss how network activity modulates integration and survival of new neurons.
Synapse formation on adult‐born hippocampal neurons
Authors: Toni Nicolas , Sultan Sebastien 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIt is now widely accepted that adult neurogenesis plays a fundamental role in hippocampal function. Neurons born in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus undergo a series of events before they fully integrate in the network and eventually become undistinguishable from neurons born during embryogenesis. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is strongly regulated by neuronal activity and neurotransmitters, and the synaptic integration of adult‐born neurons occurs in discrete steps, some of which are very different from perinatal synaptogenesis. Here, we review the current knowledge on the development of the synaptic input and output of neurons born in the adult hippocampus, from the stem/progenitor cell to the fully mature neuron. We also provide insight on the regulation of adult neurogenesis by some neurotransmitters and discuss some specificities of the integration of new neurons in an adult environment. The understanding of the mechanisms regulating the synaptic integration of adult‐born neurons is not only crucial for our understanding of brain plasticity, but also provides a framework for the manipulation and monitoring of endogenous adult neurogenesis as well as grafted cells, for potential therapeutic applications.
Integration and maturation of newborn neurons in the adult olfactory bulb – from synapses to function
Authors: Nissant Antoine , Pallotto Marta 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn adult mammals, thousands of new neurons integrate in the olfactory bulb (OB) each day. This process of adult neurogenesis has received a great deal of scientific attention aimed at understanding how mature neural networks withstand neuronal replacement, and medical interest to explore the promise that these cells may be manipulated for brain repair therapies. In the present review, we focus on the mechanisms and consequences of the functional integration of newborn interneurons in the OB network. We first describe the steps of synaptic integration and functional maturation of adult‐born interneurons in the OB. We then examine the physiological control of cell maturation and survival. Finally, we explore the potential impact of adult neurogenesis on the function of the OB.
CREB in adult neurogenesis – master and partner in the development of adult‐born neurons?
Authors: Merz Katharina , Herold Sabine , Lie D. Chichung 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe generation of new neurons in the adult brain is modulated by complex stimuli and a broad range of extrinsic signals. It remains a mystery how stem cells and their progeny integrate this wealth of regulatory input to generate a precise number of neurons that matches the physiological needs of the olfactory and hippocampal network. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)‐dependent signalling is controlling essential developmental steps in adult neurogenesis, i.e. survival, maturation and integration of new neurons. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the function of CREB in adult neurogenesis and discuss the potential of CREB to integrate complex stimuli and to translate these into precise developmental processes in adult neurogenesis. The complex modulation of CREB‐signalling may allow the adult neurogenic system to respond to stimuli in a fine‐tuned rather than in an on–off fashion.