bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Construction of Superhydrophilic PVDF Membranes by Dual Modification Strategies for Efficient Emulsion Separation
Authors: Zhong Xin , Shi Qinhan , Guo Zhiguang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolving the problem of oil and water pollution is an important topic in environmental protection. The separation of oil‐water emulsion with high efficiency and low consumption has been the direction of social efforts. Membrane separation technology combined with surface wettability and pore size screening is considered to be one of the most promising ways to separate oil‐water emulsions. In this paper, the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane is prepared by combining the two methods of blending and coating modification as a double barrier. The prepared PVDF membrane can completely wet water, achieve superhydrophilic in air, and superoleophobic underwater. The separation efficiency and flux are 99.57% and 678 L h−1 m−2 bar−1, respectively, for toluene emulsions containing surfactants with an average particle size of 1.7 µm. At the same time, it can also effectively separate different kinds of light/heavy oils. After three cycles of testing still maintain high efficiency of separation. The results show that the prepared PVDF membrane can effectively separate the emulsion containing surfactant with smaller particle size distribution of oil droplets. This method provides a new strategy for the separation of oil‐water emulsions and has broad application prospects.
Text‐to‐Microstructure Generation Using Generative Deep Learning
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyang , Watanabe Ikumu , Paik Jamie , Li Jingjing , Guo Xiaofeng , Naito Masanobu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDesigning novel materials is greatly dependent on understanding the design principles, physical mechanisms, and modeling methods of material microstructures, requiring experienced designers with expertise and several rounds of trial and error. Although recent advances in deep generative networks have enabled the inverse design of material microstructures, most studies involve property‐conditional generation and focus on a specific type of structure, resulting in limited generation diversity and poor human–computer interaction. In this study, a pioneering text‐to‐microstructure deep generative network (Txt2Microstruct‐Net) is proposed that enables the generation of 3D material microstructures directly from text prompts without additional optimization procedures. The Txt2Microstruct‐Net model is trained on a large microstructure‐caption paired dataset that is extensible using the algorithms provided. Moreover, the model is sufficiently flexible to generate different geometric representations, such as voxels and point clouds. The model's performance is also demonstrated in the inverse design of material microstructures and metamaterials. It has promising potential for interactive microstructure design when associated with large language models and could be a user‐friendly tool for material design and discovery.
Tunneling Proton Grotthuss Transfer Channels by Hydrophilic‐Zincophobic Heterointerface Shielding for High‐Performance Zn‐MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Yahui , Wang Xinran , Zhang Anqi , Han Xiaomin , Yang Jingjing , Chen Wenxing , Zhao Ran , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHollandite‐type manganese dioxide (α‐MnO2) is recognized as a promising cathode material upon high‐performance aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) owing to the high theoretical capacities, high working potentials, unique Zn2+/H+ co‐insertion chemistry, and environmental friendliness. However, its practical applications limited by Zn2+ accommodation, where the strong coulombic interaction and sluggish kinetics cause significant lattice deformation, fast capacity degradation, insufficient rate capability, and undesired interface degradation. It remains challenging to accurately modulate H+ intercalation while suppressing Zn2+ insertion for better lattice stability and electrochemical kinetics. Herein, proton Grotthuss transfer channels are first tunneled by shielding MnO2 with hydrophilic‐zincophobic heterointerface, fulfilling the H+‐dominating diffusion with the state‐of‐the‐art ZIBs performance. Local atomic structure and theoretical simulation confirm that surface‐engineered α‐MnO2 affords to the synergy of Mn electron t2g–eg activation, oxygen vacancy enrichment, selective H+ Grotthuss transfer, and accelerated desolvation kinetics. Consequently, fortified α‐MnO2 achieves prominent low current density cycle stability (≈100% capacity retention at 1 C after 400 cycles), remarkable long‐lifespan cycling performance (98% capacity retention at 20 C after 12 000 cycles), and ultrafast rate performance (up to 30 C). The study exemplifies a new approach of heterointerface engineering for regulation of H+‐dominating Grotthuss transfer and lattice stabilization in α‐MnO2 toward reliable ZIBs.
Low‐Coordinated Conductive ZnCu Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Highly Selective H2O2 Electrosynthesis
Authors: Pei Zhihao , Li Yunxiang , Fan Guilan , Guo Yan , Luan Deyan , Gu Xiaojun , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDirect electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with high production rate and high selectivity through the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e−ORR) offers a sustainable alternative to the energy‐intensive anthraquinone technology but remains a challenge. Herein, a low‐coordinated, 2D conductive Zn/Cu metal‐organic framework supported on hollow nanocube structures (ZnCu‐MOF (H)) is rationally designed and synthesized. The as‐prepared ZnCu‐MOF (H) catalyst exhibits substantially boosted electrocatalytic kinetics, enhanced H2O2 selectivity, and ultra‐high Faradaic efficiency for 2e−ORR process in both alkaline and neutral conditions. Electrochemical measurements, operando/quasi in situ spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation demonstrate that the introduction of Cu atoms with low‐coordinated structures induces the transformation of active sites, resulting in the beneficial electron transfer and the optimized energy barrier, thereby improving the electrocatalytic activity and selectivity.
Biodegradation of endocrine disrupting compounds from the wastewater by the immobilized indigenous bacteria
Authors: Rajaselvam J. , Kadaikunnan Shine , Alharbi Naiyf S. , Khaled Jamal M. , Vijayaraghavan Ponnuswamy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract4‐tert‐octyl phenol is one of the important endrocrine‐disrupting compounds and is considered a major health hazard. A total of six isolates degraded 4‐tert‐octylphenol, and the strains Bacillus velezensis LG16 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AC20 exhibited maximum 4‐tert‐octylphenol degradation. Co‐culture of these two strains improved 4‐tert‐octylphenol degradation from the wastewater. One variable at a time approach showed that 40°C incubation temperature, pH 8.0, and an initial 4‐tert‐octylphenol (60 mg/L) influenced biodegradation. The bacterial strains were immobilized in sodium alginate beads, and improved biodegradation was achieved. The biocatalytic process mediated by the immobilized cells was optimized by a statistical approach (two‐level full factorial design and response surface methodology). In a two‐level factorial model, 4‐tert‐octylphenol degradation varied from 1.1% to 55.2%. The 4‐tert‐octylphenol degradation was maximum at pH 6, 0.01 mg/L 4‐tert‐octylphenol, and 10 mg/L glucose with 20 g beads/L. ANOVA revealed that the designed model was statistically significant (p = 0.0310). A central composite design was used to analyze the interactive effect of significant variables and to explore the optimum conditions for 4‐tert‐octylphenol degradation by immobilized bacteria. The maximum phenol degradation was observed (97.4%) at pH 7.0, 0.06 4‐tert‐octylphenol, and 13.75 g sodium alginate beads/L. ANOVA showed that the designed model was statistically significant (p = 0.0091). The designed CCD model, the correlation coefficient value, and the lack of fit value showed that the designed CCD model was significant. The immobilized bacterial cells could more effectively degrade 4‐tert‐octylphenol than free bacterial cells. The high degradation potential indicated its application in degrading 4‐tert‐octylphenol from wastewater under optimized conditions.
Habituation of wildlife to ecotourism: A COVID‐19 lockdown experiment in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: Cruz‐Díaz Juan C. , Villalobos Max , Montalvo Víctor H. , Sáenz‐Bolaños Carolina , Fuller Todd K. , Carrillo Eduardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCorcovado National Park (CNP) in Costa Rica is an important destination for ecotourism. However, the effects of increasing human visitation on wildlife needed evaluation and the global COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown provided a scenario to test the effects of tourist activity on wildlife presence and activity. We performed a camera trap survey initiated during the COVID‐19 lockdown and continuing when tourism resumed (Oct 2020–May 2021). We deployed camera traps on walking trails, including those that remained closed to tourists at all times (control) and those open to tourists after the lockdown was lifted (experimental). With an effort of 2312 trap nights, we assessed the photo rates and diel activity patterns of humans, 11 other species of mammals, and two species of birds. Our results suggest that wildlife species were already habituated to tourists in this area, and thus their behavior and activity did not change after the lockdown was lifted.
Changing Narratives in the History Oceanography
Authors: Adler Antony 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe formal scientific study of the oceans only gained prominence in the late nineteenth century. The earliest accounts of the development of oceanography focused on notable scientists whose contributions laid the groundwork for later oceanographic exploration. In the second half of the twentieth century, ocean sciences expanded considerably as increased government funding and technological advancements enabled more extensive research and exploration. Subsequently, scholarship on the history of oceanography grew as well, exploring themes that included the overlap of ocean science and empire, the transformative impact of World War II and the Cold War on oceanographic funding and research, and the rise of international collaboration. As the historiography of the history of oceanography evolves, scholars have increasingly adopted interdisciplinary research methods to develop more comprehensive understanding of humanity’s evolving relationship with the ocean.
Grundlagen der Verbraucherinformatik
Authors: Stevens Gunnar , Boden Alexander , Berkholz Jenny 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden wichtige theoretische Konsumtheorien und ihr Bezug zur Verbraucherinformatik besprochen. Hierzu gehören Markttheorien, die die Verbraucher:in als rationalen Marktakteur verstehen, und psychologische Ansätze, die das individuelle Konsumverhalten auf Basis von Bedürfnissen, Kognition und Emotionen zu erklären versuchen. Darüber hinaus werden gesellschafts- und kulturwissenschaftliche Ansätze vorgestellt, welche die gesellschaftliche Prägung und symbolische Bedeutung des Konsums betonen. Ein Fokus liegt dabei auf praxistheoretischen Ansätzen, die vor allem die materielle Ebene, die performative Ausgestaltung und die Routinehaftigkeit von Konsum in den Blick nehmen. Ziel des Kapitels ist es, die verschiedenen Ansätze mit ihren jeweiligen Stärken und Schwächen vorzustellen und Leser:innen Orientierungswissen mit an die Hand zu geben, welche theoretische Linse für welche Fragestellung geeignet ist, da die Wahl eines bestimmten Ansatzes von der konkreten Forschungsfrage abhängt.
Digitale Verantwortung
Authors: Recki Lena , Kroth Kalvin , Krauß Veronika , Klöckner Lena , Pakusch Christina , Bossauer Paul , Böhm Lukas , Peters Felix , Stöbitsch Ariane , Boden Alexander 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Verbreitung digitaler Systeme beeinflusst Entscheidungen, Gesetze, Verhalten und Werte in unserer Gesellschaft. Dies wirkt sich auf Konsumgewohnheiten, Marktbeziehungen, Machtverteilung, Privatsphäre und IT-Sicherheit aus. Damit einhergehende Veränderungen haben direkte Auswirkungen auf unser Leben, was im Bereich der Technikfolgenabschätzung bzw. der angewandten Informatik unter dem Stichwort ELSI diskutiert wird. Dieses Kapitel fokussiert auf entsprechende Fragestellungen bezüglich ethischer Auswirkungen. Insbesondere rückt Fairness im Kontext automatisierter Entscheidungen in den Fokus, da Verbraucher:innen diesen zunehmend ausgesetzt sind. Zudem wird im Rahmen der gestiegenen Besorgnis über ökologische Auswirkungen das Thema Nachhaltigkeit am Beispiel von „Sharing Economy“ und „Shared Mobility“ weiter vertieft.
Technological Competence for Graduate Employability: Pedagogical and Professional Perspectives from Cross-National Translation Working Contexts
Authors: Do Thu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe need to develop graduate employability in response to globalised industry has become one of the central missions of Higher Education Institutions. This paper reports on how technological competence is approached in university translation programmes and in professional practice. The research used surveys and interviews of 246 students, trainers and professional translators from two growing translation markets, Australiaand Vietnam. The findings highlight that translation programmes need to provide more adequate training in computer-assisted translation tools and research skills, considering both international and local work requirements. The findings may have pedagogical implications for training programmes in Asia Pacific contexts and beyond.
Framing Language in Contact Zones: A Commentary on Vietnamese as an Expression of Globalisation(s)
Authors: Windle Joel Austin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrawing on contributions across this volume, the present commentary argues for investigating the phenomenon of globalisation from the starting point of contact zones. It uses notions of language ideologyand metapragmatic regime to discuss a series of contact zones shaped by sociopolitical tensions amongst speakers and linguistic forms that are presented in preceding chapters: Chinese–Vietnamese relations; French–Vietnamese colonial relations; diasporic–domestic relations; education–market relations; and micro-political relations mobilised in Vietnamese as a língua franca. These are important ‘southern’ sites of investigation in light of the primacy of research that references the global north.
Literacy Education in Vietnamese Schooling System
Authors: Ngo Hang Thi-Diem , Nguyen Quynh Thu , Smith Robert James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVietnam at its initial announcement of independence, in 1945, had a remarkably high rate of illiteracy. The many wars that followed have contributed to slow down the government effort in delivering literacy education to its citizens. Yet, from the 1980s, Doi Moi marked the big shift in politics, economic policies, as well as educational practices. The privatization of economic factors in Doi Moi went with the liberation of social activities in other cultural fields. The late 1980s and 1990s saw the booming education market, which helped to increase the rate of literacy. Subsequently, in the second decade of twenty-first century, there has been another intensive innovation of education policies on literacy education, responding to increasing social and economic globalization. This chapter provides an overview of literacy education in modern Vietnam and brings those historical marking stones into a discussion of current challenges toward the future for Vietnamese literacy education. The chapter also unpacks current practices in the twenty-first century with some significant landmarks of development toward globalization. Taking the outline of literacy education in Vietnam to the point where it is today, the chapter shows a shift from the centralized nationalist discourse toward a more critical approach, looking outward to global standards and inter-connected settings.
Language Ideology and Its Educational Impact: Insights from Vietnamese Community Language Schools
Authors: Do Hoa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrawing on Gal and Irvine’s (1995), (Signs of difference: Language and ideology in social life. Cambridge University Press, 2019) concept of linguistic differentiation, this chapter examines if and how teachers, principals and stakeholders at Vietnamese community language schools (CLSs) in Australia were engaged in linguistic differentiation and the extent to which their engagement influenced their decision-making and classroom practices. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews demonstrates that the participants were actively engaged in noticing and justifying linguistic differences. Language-in-education planning wise, it is argued that the teaching of Vietnamese at the CLSs under study was, to some extent, politicized, evidenced by the participants’ language standardization and low interest in resources developed inside Vietnam.
Complete EFT operator bases for dark matter and weakly-interacting light particle
Authors: Song Huayang , Sun Hao , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The standard model can be extended to include weakly-interacting light particle (WILP): real or complex singlet scalar with a conserved U(1) charge, Majorana or Dirac neutral fermion, neutral or hidden-charged vector boson, etc. Imposing the Z2 symmetry, these particles can be lifted as the weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP), the candidate of dark matter. Instead, imposing the shift symmetry on the scalar components gives rise to the axion-like particle, dark photon, etc. Utilizing these light degrees of freedom along with the standard model particles and imposing different symmetries, we construct the complete and independent sets of effective operators up to dimension eight with the Young tensor technique, consistent with counting from the Hilbert series.
Zig-zag deformations of toric quiver gauge theories. Part I. Reflexive polytopes
Authors: Cremonesi Stefano , Sá José 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study one-parameter families of U(1)2 preserving deformations relating pairs of toric quiver gauge theories on D-branes probing local toric (pseudo) del Pezzo surfaces. The superpotential deformations are defined by zig-zag paths in the brane tiling and are non-trivial in the chiral ring if the geometry has a non-isolated singularity. In the dual (p, q) web, the deformation is realized as a Hanany-Witten move that reverses a semi-infinite fivebrane. We use these deformations to find RG flows between 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs on D3-branes probing local toric (pseudo) del Pezzo surfaces of the same degree, and briefly comment on the interpretation for BPS quivers of rank one 5d SCFTs on S1.
Probing lepton number violation: a comprehensive survey of dimension-7 SMEFT
Authors: Fridell Kåre , Gráf Lukáš , Harz Julia , Hati Chandan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Observation of lepton number violation would represent a groundbreaking discovery with profound consequences for fundamental physics and as such, it has motivated an extensive experimental program searching for neutrinoless double beta decay. However, the violation of lepton number can be also tested by a variety of other observables. We focus on the possibilities of probing this fundamental symmetry within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) beyond the minimal dimension-5. Specifically, we study the bounds on ∆L = 2 dimension-7 effective operators beyond the electron flavor imposed by all relevant low-energy observables and confront them with derived high-energy collider limits. We also discuss how the synergy of the analyzed multi-frontier observables can play a crucial role in distinguishing among different dimension-7 SMEFT operators.
Electric shocks: bounding Einstein-Maxwell theory with time delays on boosted RN backgrounds
Authors: Cremonini Sera , McPeak Brian , Tang Yuezhang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The requirement that particles propagate causally on non-trivial backgrounds implies interesting constraints on higher-derivative operators. This work is part of a systematic study of the positivity bounds derivable from time delays on shockwave backgrounds. First, we discuss shockwaves in field theory, which are infinitely boosted Coulomb-like field configurations. We show how a positive time delay implies positivity of four-derivative operators in scalar field theory and electromagnetism, consistent with the results derived using dispersion relations, and we comment on how additional higher-derivative operators could be included.We then turn to gravitational shockwave backgrounds. We compute the infinite boost limit of Reissner-Nordström black holes to derive charged shockwave backgrounds. We consider photons traveling on these backgrounds and interacting through four-derivative corrections to Einstein-Maxwell theory. The inclusion of gravity introduces a logarithmic term into the time delay that interferes with the straightforward bounds derivable in pure field theory, a fact consistent with CEMZ and with recent results from dispersion relations. We discuss two ways to extract a physically meaningful quantity from the logarithmic time delay — by introducing an IR cutoff, or by considering the derivative of the time delay — and comment on the bounds implied in each case. Finally, we review a number of additional shockwave backgrounds which might be of use in future applications, including spinning shockwaves, those in higher dimensions or with a cosmological constant, and shockwaves from boosted extended objects.
Cosmological correlators through the looking glass: reality, parity, and factorisation
Authors: Stefanyszyn David , Tong Xi , Zhu Yuhang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider the evolution of quantum fields during inflation, and show that the total-energy singularities appearing in the perturbative expansion of the late-time Wavefunction of the Universe are purely real when the external states are massless scalars and massless gravitons. Our proof relies on the tree-level approximation, Bunch-Davies initial conditions, and exact scale invariance (IR-convergence), but without any assumptions on invariance under de Sitter boosts. We consider all n-point functions and allow for the exchange of additional states of any mass and integer spin. Our proof makes use of a decomposition of the inflationary bulk-bulk propagator of massive spinning fields which preserves UV-convergence and ensures that the time-ordered contributions are purely real after we rotate to Euclidean time. We use this reality property to show that the maximally-connected parts of wavefunction coefficients, from which total-energy singularities originate, are purely real. In a theory where all states are in the complementary series, this reality extends to the full wavefunction coefficient. We then use our reality theorem to show that parity-odd correlators (correlators that are mirror asymmetric) are factorised and do not diverge when the total-energy is conserved. We pay special attention to the parity-odd four-point function (trispectrum) of inflationary curvature perturbations and use our reality/factorisation theorems to show that this observable is factorised into a product of cubic diagrams thereby enabling us to derive exact shapes. We present examples of couplings between the inflaton and massive spin-1 and spin-2 fields, with the parity-violation in the trispectrum driven by Chern-Simons corrections to the spinning field two-point function, or from parity-violating cubic interactions which we build within the Effective Field Theory of Inflation. In addition, we present a first-of-its-kind example of a parity-violating trispectrum, generated at tree-level, that arises in a purely scalar theory where the inflaton mixes linearly with an additional massive scalar field.