bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School Funding Advocacy, Grants, Grant Writing, and ASHA's School Finance Committee
Authors: Iafrate-Bellini Patricia , Green Charlette M. , Kuhles Nancy L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
School-based members of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) seeking successful advocacy for accessing and obtaining additional funds for services and programs must build their efforts upon an understanding of school funding. Demystifying the complex nature of federal, state, and local funding in order to understand how money flows to local speech-language pathology and audiology programs is the first step toward successful advocacy. In this article, Division 16 affiliates will learn about the important role ASHA's School Finance Committee plays in helping ASHA members understand funding and locate funding sources, and will be provided with tips on advocating for money to support professional and student service needs.
Experience With Grant Writing: Where Do I Even Begin?
Authors: Mancini Nicole M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
At first, grant writing may look like a daunting task. You may ask yourself, “Is it really worth the time and effort?” With today's economic situation, teachers and therapists need ways to supplement their programs and grants provide such an opportunity. However, many of us do not know how to get started. After a few experiences and many lessons learned, I have come to enjoy researching and writing grants to supplement my students' learning. It is well worth the time and effort. This article provides information about a personal journey, lessons learned, and resources to get you started.
Rye Flour Extraction Rate Affects Maillard Reaction Development, Antioxidant Activity, and Acrylamide Formation in Bread Crisps
Authors: Capuano Edoardo , Garofalo Giovanna , Napolitano Aurora , Zielinski Henryk , Fogliano Vincenzo 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis report shows the effect of rye flour extraction rate on Maillard reaction, antioxidant activity, and acrylamide formation during toasting of rye bread crisps. Four rye flours with extraction rates of 70, 85, 95, and 100% were tested. Maillard reaction development was studied by measuring browning development, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and glucosilisomaltol (GIM) formation, as well as antioxidant activity. Results showed that HMF and GIM concentrations in toasted bread crisps were higher as the flour extraction rate increases. Antioxidant activity increased during toasting as a consequence of antioxidant Maillard reaction product formation. Acrylamide concentration was clearly affected by free asparagine content of flour, while no effect of dietary fiber and natural antioxidant content of flours had an effect on acrylamide formation. Overall data suggest that the rate of Maillard reaction is higher in whole flours because of their higher free amino acid and protein content.
Dynamic alteration of protein expression profiles during neoplastic transformation of rat hepatic oval‐like cells
Authors: Li Xuefei , Li Yan , Kang Xiaonan , Guo Kun , Li Haiyu , Gao Dongmei , Sun Lu , Liu Yinkun 
Published: March 2010

To explore the molecular basis of neoplastic transformation of hepatic oval cells, a proteomic strategy was utilized to examine the global protein expression alterations during neoplastic transformation of rat hepatic oval‐like cells. N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)‐initiated WB‐F344 cells were treated with H2O2 for neoplastic transformation. The transformed cells were identified by soft agar assay and MTT assay. The subsequent proteomic separation and identification were performed with 2‐DE followed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis. Of the 148 differentially displayed protein spots analyzed, 121 spots representing 79 distinct proteins were finally identified. The expression levels of interested proteins were validated by western blotting including 40 S ribosomal protein A (RPSA) and cytokeratin 8. Bioinformatics annotations indicated that these identified proteins were enriched with oxidoreduction and stress response; transcription, translation, and protein processing; and energy/metabolism functions. Interestingly, 17 of the identified proteins were also found to be involved in early hepatic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in our previous study. Twenty‐six proteins had been reported as being dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancers. It suggested that these changed proteins may be implicated in neoplastic transformation of WB‐F344 cells. The results may provide some clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis as viewed from dysregulation of differentiation.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1099–1107)
The relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overview
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Baliunas Dolly , Borges Guilherme L. G. , Graham Kathryn , Irving Hyacinth , Kehoe Tara , Parry Charles D. , Patra Jayadeep , Popova Svetlana , Poznyak Vladimir , Roerecke Michael , Room Robin , Samokhvalov Andriy V. , Taylor Benjamin 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAims As part of a larger study to estimate the global burden of disease and injury attributable to alcohol: to evaluate the evidence for a causal impact of average volume of alcohol consumption and pattern of drinking on diseases and injuries; to quantify relationships identified as causal based on published meta‐analyses; to separate the impact on mortality versus morbidity where possible; and to assess the impact of the quality of alcohol on burden of disease.Methods Systematic literature reviews were used to identify alcohol‐related diseases, birth complications and injuries using standard epidemiological criteria to determine causality. The extent of the risk relations was taken from meta‐analyses.Results Evidence of a causal impact of average volume of alcohol consumption was found for the following major diseases: tuberculosis, mouth, nasopharynx, other pharynx and oropharynx cancer, oesophageal cancer, colon and rectum cancer, liver cancer, female breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use disorders, unipolar depressive disorders, epilepsy, hypertensive heart disease, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, conduction disorders and other dysrhythmias, lower respiratory infections (pneumonia), cirrhosis of the liver, preterm birth complications and fetal alcohol syndrome. Dose–response relationships could be quantified for all disease categories except for depressive disorders, with the relative risk increasing with increased level of alcohol consumption for most diseases. Both average volume and drinking pattern were linked causally to IHD, fetal alcohol syndrome and unintentional and intentional injuries. For IHD, ischaemic stroke and diabetes mellitus beneficial effects were observed for patterns of light to moderate drinking without heavy drinking occasions (as defined by 60+ g pure alcohol per day). For several disease and injury categories, the effects were stronger on mortality compared to morbidity. There was insufficient evidence to establish whether quality of alcohol had a major impact on disease burden.Conclusions Overall, these findings indicate that alcohol impacts many disease outcomes causally, both chronic and acute, and injuries. In addition, a pattern of heavy episodic drinking increases risk for some disease and all injury outcomes. Future studies need to address a number of methodological issues, especially the differential role of average volume versus drinking pattern, in order to obtain more accurate risk estimates and to understand more clearly the nature of alcohol–disease relationships.
Preclinical anti‐myeloma activity of the novel HDAC‐inhibitor JNJ‐26481585
Authors: Stühmer Thorsten , Arts Janine , Chatterjee Manik , Borawski Johanna , Wolff André , King Peter , Einsele Hermann , Leo Eugen , Bargou Ralf C. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryPharmacological inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are currently being developed and tested as anti‐cancer agents and may be useful to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of established anti‐myeloma treatments. This study preclinically evaluated the effects of the ‘second generation’ pan‐HDAC inhibitor JNJ‐26481585 on human multiple myeloma (MM) cells from established cell lines and primary MM samples (n = 42). Molecular responses in both groups of MM cells included histone acetylation, a shift in Bcl2‐family members towards proapoptotic bias, attenuation of growth and survival pathway activity and Hsp72 induction. Mcl‐1 depletion and Hsp72 induction were the most reliable features observed in JNJ‐26481585‐treated primary MM samples. The drug alone effectively induced myeloma cell death at low nanomolar concentrations. In vitro combination of JNJ‐26481585 with anti‐myeloma therapeutic agents generally resulted In effects close to additivity. In view of the favourable activity of this novel HDAC‐inhibitor towards primary myeloma cells further evaluation in a clinical setting is warranted.
Functional diversity measures: an overview of their redundancy and their ability to discriminate community assembly rules
Authors: Mouchet Maud A. , Villéger Sébastien , Mason Norman W. H. , Mouillot David 
Published: March 2010

Summary 1. Indices quantifying the functional aspect of biodiversity are essential in understanding relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and environmental constraints. Many indices of functional diversity have been published but we lack consensus about what indices quantify, how redundant they are and which ones are recommended. 2. This study aims to build a typology of functional diversity indices from artificial data sets encompassing various community structures (different assembly rules, various species richness levels) and to identify a set of independent indices able to discriminate community assembly rules. 3. Our results confirm that indices can be divided into three main categories, each of these corresponding to one aspect of functional diversity: functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence. Most published indices are highly correlated and quantify functional richness while quadratic entropy (Q) represents a mix between functional richness and functional divergence. Conversely, two indices (FEve and FDiv respectively quantifying functional evenness and functional divergence) are rather independent to all the others. The power analysis revealed that some indices efficiently detect assembly rules while others performed poorly. 4. To accurately assess functional diversity and establish its relationships with ecosystem functioning and environmental constraints, we recommend investigating each functional component separately with the appropriate index. Guidelines are provided to help choosing appropriate indices given the issue being investigated. 5. This study demonstrates that functional diversity indices have the potential to reveal the processes that structure biological communities. Combined with complementary methods (phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity), the multifaceted framework of functional diversity will help improve our understanding of how biodiversity interacts with ecosystem processes and environmental constraints.
A hitchhiker’s guide to a crowded syconium: how do fig nematodes find the right ride?
Authors: Krishnan Anusha , Muralidharan Subhashini , Sharma Likhesh , Borges Renee M. 
Published: March 2010

Summary 1. Organisms with low mobility, living within ephemeral environments, need to find vehicles that can disperse them reliably to new environments. The requirement for specificity in this passenger–vehicle relationship is enhanced within a tritrophic interaction when the environment of passenger and vehicle is provided by a third organism. Such relationships pose many interesting questions about specificity within a tritrophic framework. 2. Central to understanding how these tritrophic systems have evolved, is knowing how they function now. Determining the proximal cues and sensory modalities used by passengers to find vehicles and to discriminate between reliable and non‐reliable vehicles is, therefore, essential to this investigation. 3. The ancient, co‐evolved and highly species‐specific nursery pollination mutualism between figs and fig wasps is host to species‐specific plant‐parasitic nematodes which use fig wasps to travel between figs. Since individual globular fig inflorescences, i.e. syconia, serve as incubators for hundreds of developing pollinating and parasitic wasps, a dispersal‐stage nematode within such a chemically complex and physically crowded environment is faced with the dilemma of choosing the right vehicle for dispersal into a new fig. Such a system therefore affords excellent opportunities to investigate mechanisms that contribute to the evolution of specificity between the passenger and the vehicle. 4. In this study of fig–wasp–nematode tritrophic interactions in Ficus racemosa within which seven wasp species can breed, we demonstrate using two‐choice as well as cafeteria assays that plant‐parasitic nematodes (Schistonchus racemosa) do not hitch rides randomly on available eclosing wasps within the fig syconium, but are specifically attracted, at close range, i.e. 3 mm distance, to only that vehicle which can quickly, within a few hours, reliably transfer it to another fig. This vehicle is the female pollinating wasp. Male wasps and female parasitic wasps are inappropriate vehicles since the former are wingless and die within the fig, while the latter never enter another fig. Nematodes distinguished between female pollinating wasps and other female parasitic wasps using volatiles and cuticular hydrocarbons. Nematodes could not distinguish between cuticular hydrocarbons of male and female pollinators but used other cues, such as volatiles, at close range, to find female pollinating wasps with which they have probably had a long history of chemical adaptation. 5. This study opens up new questions and hypotheses about the evolution and maintenance of specificity in fig–wasp–nematode tritrophic interactions.
Rethinking the value of high wood density
Authors: Larjavaara Markku , Muller‐Landau Helene C. 
Published: March 2010

Summary 1. Current thinking holds that wood density mediates a tradeoff between strength and economy of construction, with higher wood density providing higher strength but at higher cost. 2. Yet the further away wood fibres are from the central axis of the trunk, the more they increase the strength of the trunk; thus, a fat trunk of low‐density wood can achieve greater strength at lower construction cost than a thin trunk of high‐density wood. 3. What then are the countervailing advantages of high wood density? 4. We hypothesize that high wood density is associated with lower maintenance costs due to lower trunk surface area, as surface area correlates with maintenance respiration. 5. This advantage would be particularly important to long‐lived trees and could in part explain why they tend to have high wood density. 6. High wood density has also been associated with lower risk of trunk breakage, xylem implosion and pathogen invasion, but we argue that these relationships are not causal and instead reflect correlated selection on other traits of value to long‐lived trees. 7. This revaluation of the costs and benefits of high wood density has important implications for understanding tree life‐history evolution, functional diversity, forest carbon stocks and the impacts of global change.
Combined exposure to endocrine disrupting pesticides impairs parturition, causes pup mortality and affects sexual differentiation in rats
Authors: Jacobsen P. R. , Christiansen S. , Boberg J. , Nellemann C. , Hass U. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryRisk assessment is currently based on the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for single compounds. Humans are exposed to a mixture of chemicals and recent studies in our laboratory have shown that combined exposure to endocrine disrupters can cause adverse effects on male sexual development, even though the doses of the single compounds are below their individual NOAELs for anti‐androgenic effects. Consequently, we have initiated a large project where the purpose is to study mixture effects of endocrine disrupting pesticides at low doses. In the initial range‐finding mixture studies, rats were gavaged during gestation and lactation with five doses of a mixture of the fungicides procymidone, mancozeb, epoxyconazole, tebuconazole and prochloraz. The mixture ratio was chosen according to the doses of each individual pesticide that produced no observable effects on pregnancy length and pup survival in our laboratory and the dose levels used ranged from 25 to 100% of this mixture. All dose levels caused increased gestation length and dose levels above 25% caused impaired parturition leading to markedly decreased number of live born offspring and high pup perinatal mortality. The sexual differentiation of the pups was affected at 25% and higher as anogenital distance was affected in both male and female offspring at birth and the male offspring exhibited malformations of the genital tubercle, increased nipple retention, and decreased prostate and epididymis weights at pup day 13. The results show that doses of endocrine disrupting pesticides, which appear to induce no effects on gestation length, parturition and pup mortality when judged on their own, induced marked adverse effects on these endpoints in concert with other pesticides. In addition, the sexual differentiation of the offspring was affected. This as well as the predictability of the combination effects based on dose‐additivity modelling will be studied further in a large dose‐response study.
Effects of seed depth and soil aggregates on the emergence of weeds with contrasting seed traits
Authors: GARDARIN A , DÜRR C , COLBACH N 
Published: March 2010

GardarinA,DürrC & ColbachN (2010). Effects of seed depth and soil aggregates on the emergence of weeds with contrasting seed traits.Weed Research50, 91–101.SummaryTillage has a strong impact on weed emergence by burying seeds in the soil and modifying soil structure. Its influence can vary according to seed and seedling characteristics. This article focuses on shoot and radicle elongation in the soil and on seedling mortality caused by soil obstacles. Germinated seeds of nine contrasting weeds were planted in pots and grown in the dark to measure shoot and radicle elongation. Second, the proportion of seedlings blocked under aggregates (20–50 mm) was measured. Shoot growth rate, maximal shoot and radicle lengths were positively correlated with seed mass. Large‐seeded species (e.g.Avena fatua) were more likely to emerge from greater depths (exceeding 20 cm deep). Seedling mortality increased with increasing obstacle size for all species; it was greater for monocotyledonous than for dicotyledonous species and decreased with the shoot diameter. Weed seed depth and soil structure influence emergence of weed species differently, depending on seed mass, shoot diameter and taxa. Including the results of this study in a cropping system‐weed dynamics model would help to predict responses of weeds species to tillage.
Early season height differences as robust predictors of weed growth potential in maize: new avenues for adaptive management?
Authors: MCDONALD A J , RIHA S J , DITOMMASO A 
Published: March 2010

McDonald AJ, Riha SJ & Ditommaso A (2010). Early season height differences as robust predictors of weed growth potential in maize: new avenues for adaptive management? Weed Research50, 110–119.SummaryWeed interference in annual cropping systems can be highly variable from year‐to‐year, as well as spatially heterogeneous. These factors have confounded efforts to develop simple methods for predicting competitive outcomes early in the growing season. A 2‐year study was conducted with maize in competition with four annual weed species (Setaria faberi, Abutilon theophrasti, Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus) to: (i) characterise the relationship between early crop–weed height differences and weed growth potential, and (ii) assess threshold‐type decision rules based on these relationships. Analysis of 742 weed individuals suggests that early season height disparities are robust predictors of season‐long growth. For example, weeds ≤8 cm tall when maize canopy was 60 cm tall had a very low probability (c. 2%) of growing larger than 150 cm and this applied across weed species, relative emergence dates and spatial proximity to the maize row. In our dataset, weeds less than 150 cm tall were associated with low crop yield losses and weed fecundity. Precision management of weed individuals based on early season height differences may provide a reliable and practical basis for selective post‐emergence weed control that is relevant to both yield loss and longer‐term seedbank considerations.
PIM (Poppy Integrated Management): a bio‐economic decision support model for the management of Papaver rhoeas in rain‐fed cropping systems
Authors: TORRA J , CIRUJEDA A , RECASENS J , TABERNER A , POWLES S B 
Published: March 2010

Torra J, Cirujeda A, Recasens J, Taberner A & Powles SB (2010). PIM (Poppy Integrated Management): a bio‐economic decision support model for the management of Papaver rhoeas in rain‐fed cropping systems. Weed Research50, 127–139.SummaryA bio‐economic model for Papaver rhoeas designed for dry‐land cropping systems in Spain was developed. The model included four seed bank layers to simulate seed movement in the soil profile resulting from tillage, with different emergence rates and seed bank mortalities depending on soil cultivation and burial depth. Users of Poppy Integrated Management (PIM) might specify the crop sequence and any feasible combination of 38 different weed management practices (herbicide and non‐herbicide options) each year over 10 or 20 years. Weed treatment options included selective herbicides (14), non‐selective herbicides (1), non‐herbicide treatments (11) and user‐defined treatments (1). PIM represented weed and seed bank population dynamics, weed–crop competition, weed treatment impacts, agronomic practices and financial details. The bio‐economic model could be used to evaluate weed management scenarios by investigating the implications of different tillage, fallow and cereal rotational sequences and of constraints on herbicide availability. Model validation combined available data from literature with our own data, to show that PIM was sufficiently accurate for predicting P. rhoeas population dynamics. Sensitivity analyses indicated that economics associated with fuel, fertiliser and seed costs, as well as grain yield and price, were primary drivers of management decisions, whereas seedling emergence and initial seed bank size were of secondary importance.