bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators to the use of high‐technology augmentative and alternative communication devices: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Baxter Susan , Enderby Pam , Evans Philippa , Judge Simon 
Published: December 2011

Abstract  Background: There has been a rapid growth in recent years of available technologies for individuals with communication difficulties. Research in the area is currently underdeveloped with practitioners having a limited body of work on which to draw to guide the process of intervention. Concerns have been raised that this newly developed technology may have limited functional usage.Aims: This review aims to investigate the potential barriers and facilitators to high‐technology AAC provision and its ongoing use. The aim of the analysis is to explore factors underpinning use rather than effectiveness, thus it synthesized data from predominantly qualitative and survey studies reporting the views and perceptions of AAC users or staff providing the devices.Main Contribution: The review highlights the range of factors that can impact on provision and use of high‐technology AAC, which practitioners should consider and address as appropriate in the intervention process. These include: ease of use of the device; reliability; availability of technical support; voice/language of the device; decision‐making process; time taken to generate a message; family perceptions and support; communication partner responses; service provision; and knowledge and skills of staff. The work outlines how qualitative synthesis review methods may be applied to the consideration of published material that is not reporting outcomes data, and how this may provide valuable information to inform future studies.Conclusions: Practitioners should be aware of barriers and facilitators to successful use when making recommendations, and consider how barriers where present might be overcome. Aspects of service delivery such as ongoing technical support and staff training may require further consideration. The synthesis of evidence describing views of users and providers, and the implementation of high‐technology AAC systems, can provide valuable data to inform intervention studies and functional outcome measures.
amoA‐based consensus phylogeny of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea and deep sequencing of amoA genes from soils of four different geographic regions
Authors: Pester Michael , Rattei Thomas , Flechl Stefan , Gröngröft Alexander , Richter Andreas , Overmann Jörg , Reinhold‐Hurek Barbara , Loy Alexander , Wagner Michael 
Published: December 2011

SummaryAmmonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) play an important role in nitrification and many studies exploit their amoA genes as marker for their diversity and abundance. We present an archaeal amoA consensus phylogeny based on all publicly available sequences (status June 2010) and provide evidence for the diversification of AOA into four previously recognized clusters and one newly identified major cluster. These clusters, for which we suggest a new nomenclature, harboured 83 AOA species‐level OTU (using an inferred species threshold of 85% amoA identity). 454 pyrosequencing of amoA amplicons from 16 soils sampled in Austria, Costa Rica, Greenland and Namibia revealed that only 2% of retrieved sequences had no database representative on the species‐level and represented 30–37 additional species‐level OTUs. With the exception of an acidic soil from which mostly amoA amplicons of the Nitrosotalea cluster were retrieved, all soils were dominated by amoA amplicons from the Nitrososphaera cluster (also called group I.1b), indicating that the previously reported AOA from the Nitrosopumilus cluster (also called group I.1a) are absent or represent minor populations in soils. AOA richness estimates on the species level ranged from 8–83 co‐existing AOAs per soil. Presence/absence of amoA OTUs (97% identity level) correlated with geographic location, indicating that besides contemporary environmental conditions also dispersal limitation across different continents and/or historical environmental conditions might influence AOA biogeography in soils.
Blogging for weight loss: personal accountability, writing selves, and the weight‐loss blogosphere
Authors: Leggatt‐Cook Chez , Chamberlain Kerry 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBody weight is a key concern in contemporary society, with large proportions of the population attempting to control their weight. However, losing weight and maintaining weight loss is notoriously difficult, and new strategies for weight loss attract significant interest. Writing about experiences of weight loss in online journals, or blogging, has recently expanded rapidly. Weight‐loss bloggers typically write about daily successes and failures, report calorie consumption and exercise output, and post photographs of their changing bodies. Many bloggers openly court the surveillance of blog readers as a motivation for accountability to their weight‐loss goals. Drawing from a sample of weight‐loss blogs authored by women, we explore three issues arising from this practice of disclosing a conventionally private activity within an online public domain. First, we examine motivations for blogging, focusing on accountability. Secondly, we consider the online construction of self, exploring how weight‐loss bloggers negotiate discourses around fatness, and rework selves as their bodies transform. Finally, we consider the communities of interest that form around weight‐loss blogs. This ‘blogosphere’ provides mutual support for weight loss. However, participating in online social spaces is complicated and bloggers must carefully manage issues of privacy and disclosure.
The cost of headache disorders in Europe: the Eurolight project
Authors: Linde M. , Gustavsson A. , Stovner L. J. , Steiner T. J. , Barré J. , Katsarava Z. , Lainez J. M. , Lampl C. , Lantéri‐Minet M. , Rastenyte D. , Ruiz de la Torre E. , Tassorelli C. , Andrée C. 
Published: December 2011

Background and purpose:  Headache disorders are very common, but their monetary costs in Europe are unknown. We performed the first comprehensive estimation of how economic resources are lost to headache in Europe.Methods:  From November 2008 to August 2009, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted in eight countries representing 55% of the adult EU population. Participation rates varied between 11% and 59%. In total, 8412 questionnaires contributed to this analysis. Using bottom‐up methodology, we estimated direct (medications, outpatient health care, hospitalization and investigations) and indirect (work absenteeism and reduced productivity at work) annual per‐person costs. Prevalence data, simultaneously collected and, for migraine, also derived from a systematic review, were used to impute national costs.Results:  Mean per‐person annual costs were €1222 for migraine (95% CI 1055–1389; indirect costs 93%), €303 for tension‐type headache (TTH, 95% CI 230–376; indirect costs 92%), €3561 for medication‐overuse headache (MOH, 95% CI 2487–4635; indirect costs 92%), and €253 for other headaches (95% CI 99–407; indirect costs 82%). In the EU, the total annual cost of headache amongst adults aged 18–65 years was calculated, according to our prevalence estimates, at €173 billion, apportioned to migraine (€111 billion; 64%), TTH (€21 billion; 12%), MOH (€37 billion; 21%) and other headaches (€3 billion; 2%). Using the 15% systematic review prevalence of migraine, calculated costs were somewhat lower (migraine €50 billion, all headache €112 billion annually).Conclusions:  Headache disorders are prominent health‐related drivers of immense economic losses for the EU. This has immediate implications for healthcare policy. Health care for headache can be both improved and cost saving.
Evidence for atypical auditory brainstem responses in young children with suspected autism spectrum disorders
Authors: ROTH DAPHNE ARI‐EVEN , MUCHNIK CHAVA , SHABTAI ESTHER , HILDESHEIMER MINKA , HENKIN YAEL 
Published: December 2011

Aim  The aim of this study was to characterize the auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) of young children with suspected autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and compare them with the ABRs of children with language delay and with clinical norms.Method  The ABRs of 26 children with suspected ASDs (21 males, five females; mean age 32.5mo) and an age‐ and sex‐matched group of 26 children with language delay (22 males, four females) were analysed. All children had normal hearing. The absolute latencies of waves I, III, and V, and interpeak latencies (IPLs) I to III, I to V, and III to V of the group with ASDs and the group with language delay were compared. Data from both groups were further compared with clinical norms.Results  All absolute latencies and IPLs were significantly prolonged in the group with suspected ASDs compared with the group with language delay, excluding IPL III–V (all p‐values <0.05) and with clinical norms (all p‐values <0.001; IPL III–V, p<0.05). Significant prolongation of absolute and IPLs was also evident in the group with language delay compared with clinical norms, excluding IPL III to V (all p‐values <0.001). The prevalence of abnormal findings in two or more absolute latencies was found to be significantly higher in the group with ASDs (50%) than in the group with language delay (8%; p=0.002).Interpretation  The results provide first‐time evidence for a neurodevelopmental brainstem abnormality that is already apparent in young children with suspected ASD and language delay. The overlap in ABR findings supports the assertion that an auditory processing deficit may be at the core of these two disorders.
Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is a therapeutic target for impaired cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Ashcroft Gillian S. , Jeong Moon‐Jin , Ashworth Jason J. , Hardman Matthew , Jin Wenwen , Moutsopoulos Niki , Wild Teresa , McCartney‐Francis Nancy , Sim Davis , McGrady George , Song Xiao‐yu , Wahl Sharon M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractImpaired wound healing states lead to substantial morbidity and cost with treatment resulting in an expenditure of billions of dollars per annum in the US alone. Both chronic wounds and impaired acute wounds are characterized by excessive inflammation, enhanced proteolysis, and reduced matrix deposition. These confounding factors are exacerbated in the elderly, in part, as we report here, related to increased local and systemic tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels. Moreover, we have used a secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) null mouse model of severely impaired wound healing and excessive inflammation, comparable to age‐related delayed human healing, to demonstrate that topical application of anti‐TNF‐α neutralizing antibodies blunts leukocyte recruitment and NFκB activation, alters the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages, and accelerates wound healing. Following antagonism of TNF‐α, matrix synthesis is enhanced, associated with suppression of both inflammatory parameters and NFκB binding activity. Our data suggest that inhibiting TNF‐α is a critical event in reversing the severely impaired healing response associated with the absence of SLPI, and may be applicable to prophylaxis and/or treatment of impaired wound healing states in humans.
Mechanical Circulatory Support for Right Heart Failure: Current Technology and Future Outlook
Authors: Hsu Po‐Lin , Parker Jack , Egger Christina , Autschbach Rüdiger , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe increasing global prevalence of congestive heart failure is a major healthcare concern, accounting for a high morbidity rate worldwide. In particular, isolated right heart dysfunction after cardiotomy has a poor prognosis and is associated with a high mortality rate. The occurrence of postoperative right heart failure may develop in more than 40% of patients undergoing implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and cardiac transplantation. To date, mechanical cardiac assistance in the form of VADs has become accepted as a therapeutic solution for end‐stage patients when a donor heart is not available. However, right ventricular (RV) assistance is still in the early phase of development when compared with LVAD technology. State‐of‐the‐art RVADs, both in clinical use and under development, are reviewed in this manuscript. Clinical RVADs include the extracorporeal pulsatile Abiomed BVS 5000 and AB5000, Thoratec PVAD, MEDOS VAD, BerlinHeart Excor, the percutaneous continuous flow CentriMag and TandemHeart systems, and the implantable Thoratec IVAD. Devices on the horizon, including the wear‐free implantable DexAide and the minimally invasive Impella RD, are additionally reviewed. In addition to the current status of RV assistance, as well as the device categorization, the outlook and considerations for successful development of future RVADs were discussed.
Use of Locking Plate and Screws for Triple Pelvic Osteotomy
Authors: Rose Scott A. , Bruecker Ken A. , Petersen Steve W. , Uddin Nizam 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and complication rate associated with use of a purpose‐specific locking triple pelvic osteotomy (LTPO) plate.Study DesignProspective study.AnimalsDogs (n = 9; 15 hips).MethodsPhysical examination, plain film radiography, computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis, and coxofemoral arthroscopy were performed before unilateral triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) or staged bilateral TPO. Radiographs were taken after each procedure and 3–5, 6–8, and ≥12 weeks postoperatively. Pelvic width was measured at 3 locations to evaluate pelvic canal narrowing.ResultsNo screw loosening occurred. Complications occurred in only 1 hip (7%) where pullout of the locking plate–screw construct from the caudal iliac segment occurred because of a fracture of the cis‐cortex; the dog made a full recovery after a salvage procedure. There was no significant reduction in the cranial pelvic width but a small reduction at the level of the acetabuli and ischiatic tuberosities was noted 3–5 weeks after the 2nd TPO.ConclusionsThe LTPO plate was associated with a lower complication rate than previously reported for TPOs using Slocum canine pelvic osteotomy plates (CPOP) and warrants further investigation. Pullout of the caudal plate–screw construct is a complication specific to LTPO implants. Bicortical screw purchase is recommended to prevent fracture of the cis‐cortex and implant pullout.
Canine Hip Dysplasia: Reviewing the Evidence for Nonsurgical Management
Authors: Kirkby Kristin A. , Lewis Daniel D. 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence available for nonsurgical management of hip dysplasia (HD).Study designLiterature review.MethodsDatabases (Pubmed,VeterinaryInformationNetwork) were searched for clinical studies on nonsurgical management ofHDin dogs. The evidence in each study was reviewed and assigned a score (I–IV) based on previously reported levels of evidence.ResultsFourteen articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria, including 3 Level IV, 4 Level III, and 7 Level II studies. Methods of nonsurgical management reviewed included: activity restrictions, weight management, acupuncture, modulation of joint disease by polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and extra corporeal shock wave therapy.ConclusionWeight management is an effective and important component of managing dogs withHDand associated osteoarthritis. Techniques that modulate the progression of joint disease may also be beneficial for treating dogs withHD. Further studies are needed to investigate other methods of managingHDsuch as hydrotherapy and physical rehabilitation.
Clinical Outcomes, Resource Use, and Costs at 1 Year in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing PCI: Results from the Multinational APTOR Registry
Authors: BAKHAI AMEET , FERRIERES JEAN , IÑIGUEZ ANDRES , SARTRAL MAGALI , BELGER MARK , SCHMITT CLAUDE , ZEYMER UWE ,   on Behalf of APTOR Trial Investigators
Published: December 2011

Background:

Limited prospectively collected data are available on the total outcomes, cost estimates, and quality of life associated with treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) through 1 year in a nonclinical‐trial setting, or on the impact of new clinical events by 1 year on resource utilization and costs.
Methods:

The Antiplatelet Therapy Observational Registry (APTOR) 12‐month study followed 1,335 concurrently recruited ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and treated with antiplatelet therapy from France, Spain, and the United Kingdom in a “real world” clinical setting. Data were collected on clinical events, resource utilization, quality of life, and cost estimates through 1‐year follow‐up.
Results:

By 1 year, 14.4% (95% CI 12.7–16.4%) of patients experienced a clinical event of death, MI, stroke, unstable angina, urgent target vessel revascularization, or acute heart failure. Costs by 1 year were higher among those who had a new clinical event (£8,988, 95% CI £7,848, £10,395) as compared with those with no events (£5,809, 95% CI £5,486, £6,161). This increased cost was due to higher postdischarge resource use costs. Using the EQ‐5D assessment at 1 year, quality of life was directionally lower in those patients who had experienced a new clinical event.
Conclusions:

The risk of experiencing a new clinical event during the year following an ACS, which was treated with PCI, remains high among European patients, with one‐seventh of patients having a new event. These additional clinical outcomes reduce quality of life and increase health care expenditures, expanding the already high cost of treatment for ACS. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:19–27)
Interpopulation variation in allelopathic traits informs restoration of invaded landscapes
Authors: Lankau Richard A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInvasive species can show substantial genetic variation in ecologically important traits, across ranges as well within the introduced range. If these traits affect competition with native species, then management may benefit from considering the genetic landscape of the invader. Across their introduced range, Alliaria petiolata populations vary in their investment in allelopathic traits according to invasion history, which could lead to gradients of impact on native species. Red oak (Quercus rubra) seedlings were transplanted into eight A. petiolata‐invaded sites that varied in their invasion history and allelochemical concentrations. At each site, an invader removal treatment was crossed with experimental inoculations of native soil biota, to test whether the benefits of these restoration actions differed across invader populations. Q. rubra seedlings grew faster in invader populations with a longer invasion history and lower allelochemical concentrations. Invader removal and soil inoculation interacted to determine seedling growth, with the benefits of soil inoculation increasing in younger and more highly allelopathic invader populations. A greenhouse experiment using soils collected from experimentally inoculated field plots found similar patterns. These results suggest that the impact of this invader varies across landscapes and that knowledge of this variation could improve the efficacy and efficiency of restoration activities.
Immunogenicity of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Type 6/11/16/18) Vaccine in Males 16 to 26 Years Old
Authors: Hillman Richard J. , Giuliano Anna R. , Palefsky Joel M. , Goldstone Stephen , Moreira Edson D. , Vardas Eftyhia , Aranda Carlos , Jessen Heiko , Ferris Daron G. , Coutlee Francois , Marshall J. Brooke , Vuocolo Scott , Haupt Richard M. , Guris Dalya , Garner Elizabeth I. O. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to significant disease in males, including anogenital warts, intraepithelial neoplasias, and several types of oral and anogenital cancers. The quadrivalent HPV (type 6/11/16/18) L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine (qHPV vaccine; Gardasil) has recently been demonstrated to prevent persistent infection and associated disease related to vaccine HPV types in males. We report the overall immunogenicity results from a trial of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in males. Overall, 3,463 heterosexual men and 602 men who had sex with men were enrolled into a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy study. Serum samples were collected prior to vaccination at day 1 and at months 7, 24, and 36 postvaccination. Immunogenicity was evaluated with a multiplex, competitive Luminex immunoassay. Almost all subjects (97.4 to 99.2%) seroconverted for vaccine HPV types by month 7. At month 36, 88.9%, 94.0%, 97.9%, and 57.0% of subjects were still seropositive for HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18, respectively. For all vaccine HPV types, black subjects had significantly higher antibody titers at month 7 than did both Caucasian and Asian subjects. An anamnestic antibody response was seen in men seropositive before vaccination. The vaccine was highly immunogenic in males 16 to 23 years of age; responses were comparable to those observed in women. Furthermore, the immune responses were consistent with the established efficacy of the vaccine in the prevention of incident and persistent HPV infection, anogenital warts, and anal intraepithelial neoplasia.
Pneumonia and Bacteremia Due to Kytococcus schroeteri
Authors: Blennow Ola , Westling Katarina , Fröding Inga , Özenci Volkan 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Kytococcus schroeteri
, a saprophyte of the human skin, may cause serious infections in the immunocompromised host. Here, we describe a case of pneumonia and bacteremia due to
Kytococcus schroeteri
in an immunocompromised patient, successfully treated with linezolid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
The NK Cell Response to Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection Affects the Level and Kinetics of the Early CD8+T-Cell Response
Authors: Mitrović Maja , Arapović Jurica , Jordan Stefan , Fodil-Cornu Nassima , Ebert Stefan , Vidal Silvia M. , Krmpotić Astrid , Reddehase Matthias J. , Jonjić Stipan 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTNatural killer (NK) cells and CD8+T cells play a prominent role in the clearance of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. The role of NK cells in modulating the CD8+T-cell response to MCMV infection is still the subject of intensive research. For analyzing the impact of NK cells on mounting of a CD8+T-cell response and the contribution of these cells to virus control during the first days postinfection (p.i.), we used C57BL/6 mice in which NK cells are specifically activated through the Ly49H receptor engaged by the MCMV-encoded ligand m157. Our results indicate that the requirement for CD8+T cells in early MCMV control inversely correlates with the engagement of Ly49H. While depletion of CD8+T cells has only a minor effect on the early control of wild-type MCMV, CD8+T cells are essential in the control of Δm157virus. The frequencies of virus epitope-specific CD8+T cells and their activation status were higher in mice infected with Δm157virus. In addition, these mice showed elevated levels of alpha interferon (IFN-α) and several other proinflammatory cytokines as early as 1.5 days p.i. Although the numbers of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) were reduced later during infection, particularly in Δm157-infected mice, they were not significantly affected at the peak of the cytokine response. Altogether, we concluded that increased antigen load, preservation of early cDCs' function, and higher levels of innate cytokines collectively account for an enhanced CD8+T-cell response in C57BL/6 mice infected with a virus unable to activate NK cells via the Ly49H–m157 interaction.