bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity, Comorbidities, and Associated Factors among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS on ART in Two Treatment Centers in the Fako Division, Cameroon: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nkanjo Bombey Mary-Flavie , Tambe Ayuk Betrand , Wefuan Randolf Fuanghene , Ufuan Achidi Aduni , Movuh Sam Denise , Ndum Asu Carine , Nicholas Tendongfor 
Published: February 2025

Background: The double burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with non-communicable disease is a public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. A study was conducted among persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes and their risk factors in two HIV treatment centers in the Fako division, Cameroon.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at the Regional Hospitals of Buea and Limbe, in the Fako Division of the South West Region of Cameroon between June 1st, 2024 to August 31st, 2024. We included 464 persons living with HIV/AIDS. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a questionnaire. A 24-hour dietary diversity was assessed using a questionnaire. Blood glucose level, blood pressure, and anthropometric data were recorded to determine the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and overweight/obesity. A chi-square test was used to test the association between categorical variables and a multiple logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors that were independently associated with overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.
Results: The study comprised 464 adults aged 18 to 78 years with a mean age of 48.80 ± 11.67 years. The prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes among the participants were 62.5%, 25%, and 14% respectively. Factors significantly associated with overweight/obesity were females (aOR: 2.36; CI: (1.48-3.78); p=0.001), age group (50- 65 years) (aOR: 2.41; CI: (1.13-5.17); p=0.024), persons lacking HIV-related symptoms (aOR:3.36; CI:(1.49-7.56); p=0.003) and those who do not smoke. Hypertension was significantly associated with the study site of the participants while diabetes was significantly associated with the duration of ART and marital status.
Conclusion: There is a high burden of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in PLWHA in two treatment centers in Fako Division. The expansion of HIV treatment programs must prioritize the initiation and strengthening of interventions aimed at minimizing preventable comorbidities and reducing the risks of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Locally Attractivity Solutions for Nonlinear Functional Quadratic Integral Equations of Fractional Order
Authors: More Pravin M. , Patil A. N. , Amurtrao P. S. 
Published: February 2025

We prove using hybrid fixed point theorem in Banach algebra an existence of solutions to fractional order quadratic functional integral equation in Also locally attractivity solutions for fractional order of nonlinear functional quadratic functional integral equations is proved by using Dhage’s Hybrid fixed point theorem.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Heart Failure With Reduced vs Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Oraii Alireza , McIntyre William F. , Parkash Ratika , Kowalik Krzysztof , Razeghi Ghazal , Benz Alexander P. , Belley-Côté Emilie P. , Conen David , Connolly Stuart J. , Tang Anthony S. L. , Healey Jeff S. , Wong Jorge A. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceCatheter ablation is associated with reduced heart failure (HF) hospitalization and death in select patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, the benefit in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is uncertain.ObjectiveTo investigate whether catheter ablation for AF is associated with reduced HF-related outcomes according to HF phenotype.Data SourceA systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central was conducted among studies published from inception to September 2023.Study SelectionParallel-group randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing catheter ablation with conventional rate or rhythm control therapies in patients with HF, New York Heart Association functional class II or greater, and a history of paroxysmal or persistent AF were included. Pairs of independent reviewers screened 7531 titles and abstracts, of which 12 RCTs and 4 substudies met selection criteria.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were abstracted in duplicate according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Pooled effect estimates were calculated using random-effects Mantel-Haenszel models. Interaction P values were used to test for subgroup differences.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was HF events, defined as HF hospitalization, clinically significant worsening of HF, or unscheduled visits to a clinician for treatment intensification. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs with 2465 participants (mean [SD] age, 65.3 [9.7] years; 658 females [26.7%]) were included; there were 1552 participants with HFrEF and 913 participants with HFpEF. Compared with conventional rate or rhythm control, catheter ablation was associated with reduced risk of HF events in HFrEF (risk ratio [RR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.48-0.72), while there was no benefit in patients with HFpEF (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.65-1.32) (P for interaction = .03). Catheter ablation was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular death compared with conventional therapies in HFrEF (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.34-0.70) but a differential association was not detected in HFpEF (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.46-1.79) (P for interaction = .12). Similarly, no difference in the association of catheter ablation with all-cause mortality was found between HFrEF (RR vs conventional therapies, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47-0.86) and HFpEF (RR vs conventional therapies, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.39-2.30) groups (P for interaction = .39).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that catheter ablation for AF was associated with reduced risk of HF events in patients with HFrEF but had limited or no benefit in HFpEF. Results from ongoing trials may further elucidate the role of catheter ablation for AF in HFpEF.
Multistimulus‐Responsive Miniature Soft Actuator with Programmable Shape‐Morphing Design for Biomimetic and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Nan Minghui , Go Gwangjun , Song Hyeong‐Woo , Darmawan Bobby Aditya , Zheng Shirong , Kim Seokjae , Nguyen Kim Tien , Lee Kyongsu , Kim Heera , Park Jong‐Oh , Choi Eunpyo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMiniature soft actuators have garnered attention across healthcare, military, and industrial fields; however, soft actuators mostly have functions and applications in nature‐inspired biomimetic locomotion, without any specific approaches reported for biomedical applications. In biomedical applications, soft actuators must be biodegradable, biocompatible, and visible in vivo. This study presents a multifunctional soft actuator comprising chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) fabricated via facile casting and laser micromachining. The actuator demonstrates programmable shape morphing and responds swiftly to six stimuli: humidity, chemical solvents, near‐infrared (NIR) light, radio‐frequency (RF) heating, temperature, and magnetic fields. This actuator shows feasibility for biomimetic applications, such as flower, leaf, larva, and finger. Furthermore, the actuator demonstrates magnetic locomotion, real‐time X‐ray visibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability both in vitro and in vivo. The multistimulus‐responsive shape‐morphing performance of the soft actuator has potential as a wireless miniature robot in various fields, including biomimetic and biomedical applications.
STMP and PVPA as Templating Analogs of Noncollagenous Proteins Induce Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Type I Collagen via PCCP Process
Authors: Wang Yiru , Zhang Yizhou , Shen Zhe , Qiu Yuan , Wang Chaoyang , Wu Zhifang , Shen Minjuan , Shao Changyu , Tang Ruikang , Hannig Matthias , Fu Baiping , Zhou Zihuai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe phosphorylated noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) play a vital role in manipulating biomineralization, while the mechanism of phosphorylation of NCPs in intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibril has not been completely deciphered. Poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) as templating analogs of NCPs induce hierarchical mineralization in cooperation with indispensable sequestration analogs such as polyacrylic acid (PAA) via polymer‐induced liquid‐like precursor (PILP) process. Herein, STMP‐Ca and PVPA‐Ca complexes are proposed to achieve rapid intrafibrillar mineralization through polyelectrolyte‐Ca complexes pre‐precursor (PCCP) process. This strategy is further verified effectively for remineralization of demineralized dentin matrix both in vitro and in vivo. Although STMP micromolecule fails to stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) precursor, STMP‐Ca complexes facilely permeate into intrafibrillar interstices and trigger phase transition of ACP to hydroxyapatite within collagen. In contrast, PVPA‐stabilized ACP precursors lack liquid‐like characteristic and crystallize outside collagen due to rigid conformation of PVPA macromolecule, while PVPA‐Ca complexes infiltrate into partial intrafibrillar intervals under electrostatic attraction and osmotic pressure as evidenced by intuitionistic 3D stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (3D‐STORM). The study not only extends the variety and size range of polyelectrolyte for PCCP process but also sheds light on the role of phosphorylation for NCPs in biomineralization.
Tunable Phonon Polariton Hybridization in a Van der Waals Hetero‐Bicrystal
Authors: Wehmeier Lukas , Yu Shang‐Jie , Chen Xinzhong , Mayer Rafael A. , Xiong Langlang , Yao Helen , Jiang Yue , Hu Jenny , Janzen Eli , Edgar James H. , Zheng Xiaolin , Heinz Tony F. , Basov D. N. , Homes Christopher C. , Hu Guangwei , Carr G. Lawrence , Liu Mengkun , Fan Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhonon polaritons, the hybrid quasiparticles resulting from the coupling of photons and lattice vibrations, have gained significant attention in the field of layered van der Waals heterostructures. Particular interest has been paid to hetero‐bicrystals composed of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), which feature polariton dispersion tailorable via avoided polariton mode crossings. In this work, the polariton eigenmodes in MoO3‐hBN hetero‐bicrystals self‐assembled on ultrasmooth gold are systematically studied using synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy. It is experimentally demonstrated that the spectral gap in bicrystal dispersion and corresponding regimes of negative refraction can be tuned by material layer thickness, and these results are quantitatively matched with a simple analytic model. Polaritonic cavity modes and polariton propagation along “forbidden” directions are also investigated in microscale bicrystals, which arise from the finite in‐plane dimension of the synthesized MoO3 micro‐ribbons. The findings shed light on the unique dispersion properties of polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures and pave the way for applications leveraging deeply sub‐wavelength mid‐infrared light‐matter interactions.
Construction of Co–Se–W at Interfaces of Phase‐Mixed Cobalt Selenide via Spontaneous Phase Transition for Platinum‐Like Hydrogen Evolution Activity and Long‐Term Durability in Alkaline and Acidic Media
Authors: Zhang Jingtong , Cheng Chuanqi , Xiao Liyang , Han Chunyan , Zhao Xueru , Yin Pengfei , Dong Cunku , Liu Hui , Du Xiwen , Yang Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCost‐effective transition metal chalcogenides are highly promising electrocatalysts for both alkaline and acidic hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). However, unsatisfactory HER kinetics and stability have severely hindered their applications in industrial water electrolysis. Herein, a nanoflowers‐shaped W‐doped cubic/orthorhombic phase‐mixed CoSe2 catalyst ((c/o)‐CoSe2‐W) is reported. The W doping induces spontaneous phase transition from stable phase cubic CoSe2 (c‐CoSe2) to metastable phase orthorhombic CoSe2, which not only enables precise regulation of the ratio of two phases but also realizes W doping at the interfaces of two phases. The (c/o)‐CoSe2‐W catalyst exhibits a Pt‐like HER activity in both alkaline and acidic media, with record‐low HER overpotentials of 29.8 mV (alkaline) and 35.9 mV (acidic) at 10 mA cm−2, respectively, surpassing the vast majority of previously reported non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for both alkaline and acidic HER. The Pt‐like HER activities originate from the formation of Co–Se–W active species on the c‐CoSe2 side at the phase interface, which effectively modulates electron structures of active sites, not only enhancing H2O adsorption and dissociation at Co sites but also optimizing H* adsorption to ΔGH* ≈ 0 at W sites. Benefiting from the abundant phase interfaces, the catalyst also displays outstanding long‐term durability in both acidic and alkaline media.
Nonlinear Elastic Bottlebrush Polymer Hydrogels Modulate Actomyosin Mediated Protrusion Formation in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Ohnsorg Monica L. , Mash Kayla M. , Khang Alex , Rao Varsha V. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Bera Kaustav , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe nonlinear elasticity of many tissue‐specific extracellular matrices is difficult to recapitulate without the use of fibrous architectures, which couple strain‐stiffening with stress relaxation. Herein, bottlebrush polymers are synthesized and crosslinked to form poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels and used to study how strain‐stiffening behavior affects human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). By tailoring the bottlebrush polymer length, the critical stress associated with the onset of network stiffening is systematically varied, and a unique protrusion‐rich hMSC morphology emerges only at critical stresses within a biologically accessible stress regime. Local cell‐matrix interactions are quantified using 3D traction force microscopy and small molecule inhibitors are used to identify cellular machinery that plays a critical role in hMSC mechanosensing of the engineered, strain‐stiffening microenvironment. Collectively, this study demonstrates how covalently crosslinked bottlebrush polymer hydrogels can recapitulate strain‐stiffening biomechanical cues at biologically relevant stresses and be used to probe how nonlinear elastic matrix properties regulate cellular processes.
High Performance As‐Cast Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Refined Double‐Fibril Network Morphology and Improved Dielectric Constant of Active Layer
Authors: Wei Yanan , Zhou Xianmin , Cai Yunhao , Li Yun , Wang Siying , Fu Zhen , Sun Rui , Yu Na , Li Congqi , Huang Kexin , Bi Zhaozhao , Zhang Xin , Zhou Yinhua , Hao Xiaotao , Min Jie , Tang Zheng , Ma Wei , Sun Yanming , Huang Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh performance organic solar cells (OSCs) are usually realized by using post‐treatment and/or additive, which can induce the formation of metastable morphology, leading to unfavorable device stability. In terms of the industrial production, the development of high efficiency as‐cast OSCs is crucially important, but it remains a great challenge to obtain appropriate active layer morphology and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, efficient as‐cast OSCs are constructed via introducing a new polymer acceptor PY‐TPT with a high dielectric constant into the D18:L8‐BO blend to form a double‐fibril network morphology. Besides, the incorporation of PY‐TPT enables an enhanced dielectric constant and lower exciton binding energy of active layer. Therefore, efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport are realized in D18:L8‐BO:PY‐TPT‐based device, affording a record‐high PCE of 18.60% and excellent photostability in absence of post‐treatment. Moreover, green solvent‐processed devices, thick‐film (300 nm) devices, and module (16.60 cm2) are fabricated, which show PCEs of 17.45%, 17.54%, and 13.84%, respectively. This work brings new insight into the construction of efficient as‐cast devices, pushing forward the practical application of OSCs.
Size‐Dependent Catalysis in Fenton‐like Chemistry: From Nanoparticles to Single Atoms
Authors: Guo Jirui , Gao Baoyu , Li Qian , Wang Shaobin , Shang Yanan , Duan Xiaoguang , Xu Xing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art Fenton‐like reactions are crucial in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water purification. This review explores the latest advancements in heterogeneous metal‐based catalysts within AOPs, covering nanoparticles (NPs), single‐atom catalysts (SACs), and ultra‐small atom clusters. A distinct connection between the physical properties of these catalysts, such as size, degree of unsaturation, electronic structure, and oxidation state, and their impacts on catalytic behavior and efficacy in Fenton‐like reactions. In‐depth comparative analysis of metal NPs and SACs is conducted focusing on how particle size variations and metal‐support interactions affect oxidation species and pathways. The review highlights the cutting‐edge characterization techniques and theoretical calculations, indispensable for deciphering the complex electronic and structural characteristics of active sites in downsized metal particles. Additionally, the review underscores innovative strategies for immobilizing these catalysts onto membrane surfaces, offering a solution to the inherent challenges of powdered catalysts. Recent advances in pilot‐scale or engineering applications of Fenton‐like‐based devices are also summarized for the first time. The paper concludes by charting new research directions, emphasizing advanced catalyst design, precise identification of reactive oxygen species, and in‐depth mechanistic studies. These efforts aim to enhance the application potential of nanotechnology‐based AOPs in real‐world wastewater treatment.
Stabilizing the Bulk‐Phase and Solid Electrolyte Interphase of Silicon Microparticle Anode by Constructing Gradient‐Hierarchically Ordered Conductive Networks
Authors: Ma Liang , Fang Youyou , Yang Ni , Li Ning , Chen Lai , Cao Duanyun , Lu Yun , Huang Qing , Song Tinglu , Su Yuefeng , Wu Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe poor bulk‐phase and interphase stability, attributable to adverse internal stress, impede the cycling performance of silicon microparticles (µSi) anodes and the commercial application for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. In this work, a groundbreaking gradient‐hierarchically ordered conductive (GHOC) network structure, ingeniously engineered to enhance the stability of both bulk‐phase and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) configurations of µSi, is proposed. Within the GHOC network architecture, two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (Ti3C2Tx) act as a conductive “brick”, establishing a highly conductive inner layer on µSi, while the porous outer layer, composed of one‐dimensional (1D) Tempo‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) macromolecule, functions akin to structural “rebar” and “concrete”, effectively preserves the tightly interconnected conductive framework through multiple bonding mechanisms, including covalent and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, Ti3C2Tx enhances the development of a LiF‐enriched SEI. Consequently, the µSi‐MTCNF‐PAA anode presents a high discharge capacity of 1413.7 mAh g−1 even after 500 cycles at 1.0 C. Moreover, a full cell, integrating LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 with µSi‐MTCNF‐PAA, exhibits a capacity retention rate of 92.0% following 50 cycles. This GHOC network structure can offer an efficacious pathway for stabilizing both the bulk‐phase and interphase structure of anode materials with high volumetric strain.
Synthesis of N,N‐Disubstituted Hydrazines by Electrocatalytic Addition of Hydrazines to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Xu Qingyu , Zhang Chengwei , Xu Hang , Zheng Changying , Li Yue , Xu Sen , Yao Xiaoquan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA strategy for the synthesis of N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines via the electrocatalytic addition of hydrazine to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds is reported. The reaction was carried out under constant current electrolytic conditions in an undivided cell. Using this methodology, various N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines were prepared in 57–94% yield in 40 minutes. By adding cyclohexanone and acetic acid to the reaction mixture of N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines and heating for 2 hours, a one‐pot synthesis of N‐substituted indoles was also developed. Furthermore, based on cyclic voltammetry and control experiments, a plausible mechanism involving a radical pathway is proposed.
Stem Cell‐Based Therapies and Tissue Engineering Innovations for Tendinopathy: A Comprehensive Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions
Authors: Augustin George , Jeong Ji Hoon , Kim Min‐Kyu , Hur Sung Sik , Lee Joon Ho , Hwang Yongsung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTendon diseases commonly lead to physical disability, exerting a profound impact on the routine of affected patients. These conditions respond poorly to existing treatments, presenting a substantial challenge for orthopedic scientists. Research into clinical translational therapy has yet to yield highly versatile interventions capable of effectively addressing tendon diseases, including tendinopathy. Stem cell‐based therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for modifying the biological milieu through the secretion of regenerative and immunomodulatory factors. The current review provides an overview of the intricate tendon microenvironment, encompassing various tendon stem progenitor cells within distinct tendon sublocations, gene regulation, and pathways pertinent to tendon development, and the pathology of tendon diseases. Subsequently, the advantages of stem cell‐based therapies are discussed that utilize distinct types of autologous and allogeneic stem cells for tendon regeneration at the translational level. Moreover, this review outlines the challenges, gaps, and future innovations to propose a consolidated stem cell‐based therapy to treat tendinopathy. Finally, regenerative soluble therapies, insoluble bio‐active therapies, along with insoluble bio‐active therapies, and implantable 3D scaffolds for tendon tissue engineering are discussed, thereby presenting a pathway toward enhanced tissue regeneration and engineering.