bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EU Citizenship and Political Identity: The Demos and Telos Problems
Authors: Jiménez Lobeira Pablo Cristóbal 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCitizenship is the cornerstone of a democratic polity. It has three dimensions: legal, civic and affiliative. Citizens constitute the polity's demos, which often coincides with a nation. European Union (EU) citizenship was introduced to enhance ‘European identity’ (Europeans’ sense of belonging to their political community). Yet such citizenship faces at least two problems. First: Is there a European demos? If so, what is the status of peoples (nations, demoi) in the Member States? The original European project aimed at ‘an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe.’ Second: Citizens are members of a political community; to what kind of polity do EU citizens belong? Does the EU substitute Member States, assume them or coexist alongside them? After an analytical exposition of the demos and telos problems, I will argue for a normative self‐understanding of the EU polity and citizenship, neither in national nor in federal but in analogical terms.
Judicial Interpretation or Judicial Activism? The Legacy of Rationalism in the Studies of the European Court of Justice
Authors: Grimmel Andreas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDuring the last two decades, law as a factor in European integration has attracted great scientific interest. Numerous studies and theoretical analyses have been published that have undertaken the task of examining and explaining the role of law in the progress of integration. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) in particular, as Europe's judiciary body, draws much attention in this context. However, the inflexible, mechanistic and universalistic notion of rationality that these works employ leads to serious misinterpretations and unjustified criticism regarding the role the ECJ takes in the course of integration. Within the frameworks of contemporary approaches, the Court is perceived as just one more political player among other actors and institutions, able to shape the EU in the pursuit of its own rational interests. By outlining the theoretical concept of context rationality, this article shows that the logics of law and judicial lawmaking are based on a non‐trivial and non‐political rationality and cannot be understood appropriately without paying attention to the context of European law.
The Impact of Training and Language Competence on Judicial Application of EU Law in Hungary
Authors: Tatham Allan F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of this research is to identify the role that training in EU law and in a foreign language play in the use of EU law by Hungarian judges in domestic proceedings. Judges in the new Member States face the problems of no or inadequate official EU translations of relevant EU law or case‐law. The need to compare the meaning of other language versions therefore comes into play in order that the judges comply with the requirements of Union loyalty in the Treaty on European Union: Hungarian judges are shown to exhibit certain creative responses to these challenges. The approach to the research is based on an examination of the institutional framework for judicial training, a selection of pertinent case‐law of the Hungarian courts as well as interviews with a number of judges involved in the application of EU law in their courts.
Why Is Fast Track the Way to Go? Justifications for Early Agreement in the Co‐Decision Procedure and Their Effects
Authors: de Ruiter Rik , Neuhold Christine 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSince the introduction of the co‐decision procedure by way of the Maastricht Treaty, the procedure has been transformed considerably. One of the most striking innovations is the possibility to adopt a legislative act in first reading. This article aims to answer the questions whether the increasing use of this fast track procedure is in line with Treaty provisions and/or intra/inter‐institutional rules, and what the effects are of these stipulations. The empirical findings presented in this study indicate that two reasons for taking the fast track gain dominance in the practical political process, ie the political priorities of the Council and European Parliament (EP) and whether these actors consider a legislative file as urgent. From a study of two directives, it becomes clear that this dominance of factors has consequences for the type of early agreement reached (first or early second), the quality of the adopted legislation and its implementation at the national level.
Knowledge representation of the software architecture design process based on situation calculus
Authors: Roldán María Luciana , Gonnet Silvio , Leone Horacio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSoftware architecture design is an interactive, complex, decision‐making process. Such a design process involves the exploration, evaluation, and composition of design alternatives. Increasingly, new computer‐aided tools are available to help designers in these complex activities. However, these tools do not know how design is actually done, in other words, by means of which design activities the final artefact was obtained. In fact, the architectural design knowledge exclusively rests in the mind of designers, and there is an urgent need to move it, as much as possible, to a computer‐supported environment that enables the capture of this type of knowledge. This contribution addresses this need by introducing a model for capturing how products under development are generated and transformed along the software architecture design process. The proposed model follows an operational perspective, where architectural design decisions are modelled by means of sequences of operations that are applied on the design products. Situation calculus is used to formally express the existence of an object in a given state of a design process. In addition, this formalism allows us expressing without ambiguities when an operation can be performed in a specific state of the design process.
White matter microstructure on diffusion tensor imaging is associated with conventional magnetic resonance imaging findings and cognitive function in adolescents born preterm
Authors: FELDMAN HEIDI M , LEE ELIANA S , LOE IRENE M , YEOM KRISTEN W , GRILL‐SPECTOR KALANIT , LUNA BEATRIZ 
Published: July 2012

Aim  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to evaluate white matter architecture after preterm birth. The goals were (1) to compare white matter microstructure in two cohorts of preterm‐ and term‐born children; and (2) within preterm groups, to determine if sex, gestational age, birthweight, white matter injury score from conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or IQ was associated with DTI measures.Method  Participants (n=121; 66 females, 55 males) were aged 9 to 16 years. They comprised 58 preterm children (site 1, n=25; and site 2, n=33) born at less than 36 weeks’ gestation (mean 29.4wks; birthweight 1289g) and 63 term children (site 1, n=40; site 2, n=23) born at more than 37 weeks’ gestation. DTI was analyzed using tract‐based spatial statistics. Diffusion measures were fractional anisotropy, axial, radial, and mean diffusivity.Results  In no region of the white matter skeleton was fractional anisotropy lower in the preterm group at either site. Within the preterm groups, fractional anisotropy was significantly associated with white matter injury score, but not sex, gestational age, or birthweight. At site 1, fractional anisotropy was associated with IQ.Interpretation  DTI contributes to understanding individual differences after preterm birth but may not differentiate a relatively high‐functioning group of preterm children from a matched group of term‐born children.
Depression among adolescents: a study in a Bangkok slum community
Authors: Somrongthong Ratana , Wongchalee Sunanta , Laosee Orapin 
Published: July 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 327–334

Depression among adolescents: a study in a Bangkok slum community
Background:  Adolescents represent approximately one‐fifth of the total population of Thailand. Few comprehensive surveys of adolescents living in Bangkok slums are available in the literature. To appropriately consider adolescents’ development in urban planning strategies calls for the study of the relationship between depression and quality of life (QoL) of adolescents in slums. This study aimed to assess the level of depression and to describe the relationship between depression and QoL for the adolescents in a slum community of Bangkok.Methods:  This is a descriptive study. Data from eight hundred and seventy‐one adolescents in a Bangkok slum community were randomly collected by a survey that utilized a socio‐demographic questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale for depression level, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQoL‐BREF) assessment, Thai version, for quality of life.Results:  Thirty‐four point nine percent of all respondents exhibited depressive symptoms: 27.6% of males and 40.4% of females. Twenty‐six percent of adolescents indicated that they had a ‘poor’ quality of life. A Chi‐squared test yielded a statistically significant difference in the level of depression according to the level of QoL when both genders were considered together (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis shown the association between depression and three factors: quality of life (p < 0.001), position in the family (p = 0.04) and the adolescent’s place of origin (p = 0.02).Conclusions:  These findings suggest channels to help adolescents with depression in Bangkok slum communities. Specifically, based on the findings, interventions for adolescent depression may be more effective if gender, age group and family participation in the adolescent’s development are considered in the planning and implementation of health intervention programs.
Photogrammetric Terminology: Second Edition
Authors: Newby Paul R. T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis contribution offers a considerably expanded and updated edition of the original “Terminology Guide” which was published in The Photogrammetric Record in 2007 and was subsequently adopted as an official document of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Revision and correction began as soon as the previous version was finalised for publication, and has continued ever since, in the light of further experience of the developing technology and of authors’ contributions, and with the help and support of the editorial team, authors and readers worldwide. Once again, the aim is to help authors and editors in preparing contributions for publication in the Record; and it is hoped that the new listing will again secure wide acceptance and thus both engender and facilitate consistency and correctness in the global geomatics literature. A short discussion of the background and the process of compilation is followed by the listing itself, in the form of a lengthy Appendix to the text.
Management of occiput posterior position in the second stage of labour: A survey of obstetric practice in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Phipps Hala , de Vries Bradley , Lee Ping N. , Hyett Jon A. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundIssues in the management of the occipito posterior (OP) position have been the subject of clinical controversy over decades. Manual rotation has the potential to reduce operative delivery for fetal malposition.AimTo determine the current obstetric practice with regard to manual rotation in the management of the second stage of labour.MethodsSurvey mailed to all members and fellows of the Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.ResultsOf 1805 surveyed, 60% responded, of whom 68% were currently practising obstetrics. Ninety‐seven per cent of respondents thought that manual rotation at full dilatation was a valid intervention, 85% stated that manual rotation was acceptable prior to instrumental delivery, and 70% thought that manual rotation was acceptable without assisted delivery. Only 41% of practising obstetricians had performed a manual rotation in the last year, and only 9% had performed more than five. Obstetricians would routinely perform manual rotation for OP position if it reduced operative delivery from 68% to a median of 50%.ConclusionManual rotation is currently performed by only a minority of obstetricians in Australia and New Zealand, yet is considered to be an acceptable procedure by the vast majority. The survey confirmed that obstetricians would be willing to perform prophylactic manual rotation if this was known to reduce the operative delivery rate, suggesting that there is a scope to introduce this procedure into widespread clinical practice.
Waiting for an elevated FSH – Too late a marker of reduced ovarian reserve?
Authors: Kahapola Arachchige Kalani Mudhitha , Wardrop Robert , Lim Ee Mun , Stuckey Bronwyn , Hadlow Narelle 
Published: July 2012

AimTo assess age at which median follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) is elevated above 10 U/L.BackgroundFertility and ovarian reserve decrease over the 4th decade with evidence that sensitive markers such as anti‐Mullerian hormone fall even earlier. Despite its limitations, a basal or day 2–3 FSH is commonly used to assess ovarian reserve with levels over 10 U/L often used as a cut‐point for further investigations.MethodsWomen referred to a community laboratory for ‘hormone testing’, including FSH and oestradiol (n = 40 254), were included in a retrospective analysis. Cases excluded were those with suppressed FSH (<1 U/L) who were likely on the oral contraceptive pill or pregnant and those with increased oestradiol (>500 pmol/L) who were likely approaching mid‐cycle or pregnant. Remaining cases (n = 32 445) were analysed in five‐year age bands for FSH median, mean, and 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles.ResultsMedian FSH remained consistently low (≤5 U/L) in women ≤35 years of age and was 6 U/L in 35‐ to 40‐year‐olds. The mean FSH and 97.5 percentile increased steadily. The 97.5th percentile was 10 U/L or lower in women up to 30 years of age.ConclusionsFollicle‐stimulating hormone is a late indicator of known reducing ovarian reserve, and in this study, median FSH did not increase over 10 U/L until >45 years of age. FSH levels >9 U/L were above the 97.5th percentile in those <25 years of age. If fertility is a concern, FSH levels persistently above age‐specific medians in women under 40 years may prompt earlier follow‐up with more sensitive tests for ovarian reserve.
Hematologic, immunologic reconstitution, and outcome of 342 autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantations after cryopreservation in a −80°C mechanical freezer and preserved less than 6 months
Authors: Calvet Laure , Cabrespine Aurélie , Boiret‐Dupré Nathalie , Merlin Etienne , Paillard Catherine , Berger Marc , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Tournilhac Olivier , Halle Pascale 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: Controlled‐rate freezing and storage in nitrogen is the standard technique for cryopreservation of peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cells (PHPCs) but presents high cost and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) toxicity. Cryopreservation at −80°C, by uncontrolled rate freezing with only 3.5% DMSO, preserves the functional capacities of PHPCs, produces successful engraftment, and reduces toxicity during infusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Long‐term hematopoietic and immunologic reconstitution for 342 autografts (311 adults, 31 children) after PHPCs were cryopreserved at −80°C was studied at 3, 6, and 12 months. The median (range) storage time of PHPCs cryopreserved was 1.7 (0.1‐5.99) months.RESULTS: Hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells, and platelets (PLTs) reach normal values to trilineage at 12 months for 39% patients. Multivariate analysis shows a significant impact on CD34+ infused and on conditioning regimen for PLTs. Hb was influenced by growth factor administration at 3 months. Long‐term recovery is also highly dependent on blood counts (Hb, PLT, and neutrophil) at start of high‐dose chemotherapy. Only 43% of patients had reached normal lymphocyte values at 12 months after transplant, and a profound CD4+ T‐lymphocyte deficit remained, as others reported.CONCLUSION: Transplantation with PHPCs cryopreserved at −80°C for no more than 6 months is satisfactory for long‐term hematopoietic and immunologic reconstitution, even if a profound CD4+ T lymphocyte deficit persists at 1 year. This easier and cheaper cryopreservation method also leads to successful engraftment.
Comparative in vitro evaluation of apheresis platelets stored with 100% plasma versus bicarbonated Ringer's solution with less than 5% plasma
Authors: Oikawa Shinji , Sasaki Dai , Kikuchi Masaki , Sawamura Yoshihiro , Itoh Takashi 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: The major strategy for reducing the frequency of adverse reactions to platelet (PLT) transfusions is PLT washing with PLT additive solutions (PASs). In Japan, a mixture of medical infusion solutions such as acetate Ringer's solution, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, and ACD‐A is currently used as a PAS because none of the common types of PASs are officially permitted for clinical use. Recently, a bicarbonated Ringer's solution (BRS) was developed using bicarbonate as an alkaline agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a BRS can effectively be utilized as a PAS for clinical use.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The washing and storage solution was prepared by adding 25 mL ACD‐A to 500 mL of BRS (BRS‐A), consisting of 95.2 mmol/L NaCl, 3.8 mmol/L KCl, 0.9 mmol/L MgCl2,1.4 mmol/L CaCl2, 26.6 mmol/L NaHCO3, 5.8 mmol/L glucose, 4.2 mmol/L trisodium citrate, and 1.8 mmol/L citric acid. The in vitro properties of apheresis PLTs suspended in BRS‐A with low concentration of plasma (<5%) were compared with those suspended in 100% plasma during 7‐day storage.RESULTS: The in vitro properties of pH, hypotonic shock response, glucose consumption rate, lactate production rate, swirling, CD62P, and CD42b expression in PLTs suspended in BRS‐A were comparable or superior to those suspended in 100% plasma during 7‐day storage.CONCLUSION: BRS‐A, prepared by mixing the only two solutions permitted for clinical use in Japan, has a positive capability to maintain PLT function. These results indicate that PLT washing and storage with BRS‐A is feasible.
Stored platelets alter glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species, which are differentially transferred to newly released extracellular vesicles
Authors: Pienimaeki‐Roemer Annika , Ruebsaamen Katharina , Boettcher Alfred , Orsó Evelyn , Scherer Max , Liebisch Gerhard , Kilalic Dzenan , Ahrens Norbert , Schmitz Gerd 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: Stored platelet concentrates (PLCs) for transfusion develop a platelet storage lesion (PSL), resulting in decreased platelet (PLT) viability and function. The processes leading to PSL have not been described in detail and no data describe molecular changes occurring in all three components of stored PLCs: PLTs, PLC extracellular vesicles (PLC‐EVs), and plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty PLCs from healthy individuals were stored under standard blood banking conditions for 5 days. Changes in cholesterol, glycerophospholipid, and sphingolipid species were analyzed in PLTs, PLC‐EVs, and plasma by mass spectrometry and metabolic labeling. Immunoblots were performed to compare PLT and PLC‐EV protein expression.RESULTS: During 5 days, PLTs transferred glycerophospholipids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids to newly formed PLC‐EVs, which increased corresponding lipids by 30%. Stored PLTs significantly increased ceramide (Cer; +53%) and decreased sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (−53%), shifting sphingolipid metabolism toward Cer. In contrast, plasma accumulated minor sphingolipids. Compared to PLTs, fresh PLC‐EVs were enriched in lysophosphatidic acid (60‐fold) and during storage showed significant increases in cholesterol, sphingomyelin, dihydrosphingomyelin, plasmalogen, and lysophosphatidylcholine species, as well as accumulation of apolipoproteins A‐I, E, and J/clusterin.CONCLUSION: This is the first detailed analysis of lipid species in all PLC components during PLC storage, which might reflect mechanisms active during in vivo PLT senescence. Stored PLTs reduce minor sphingolipids and shift sphingolipid metabolism toward Cer, whereas in the plasma fraction minor sphingolipids increase. The composition of PLC‐EVs resembles that of lipid rafts and confirms their role as carriers of bioactive molecules and master regulators in vascular disease.
Protein composition of clots detected in pooled cryoprecipitate units
Authors: MacPhee Martin , Wilmer Belinda , Beall Dawson , Moroff Gary 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: On rare occasions, upon thawing of stored cryoprecipitate components, clots are observed on visual inspection. Although it has been assumed that the clot reflects fibrinogen to fibrin conversion, there are few published studies that document that this assumption is correct. Our studies were conducted to further identify the protein characteristics of the clotted material.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Clotted material isolated from four thawed cryoprecipitate pools was examined by solubilization procedures and electrophoresis analysis.RESULTS: Solubilization of much of the clotted material in phosphate‐buffered saline warmed to 37°C suggested the presence of soluble fibrin. Gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions showed that the most prevalent bands exhibited molecular weights corresponding to the α, β, and γ subunits of fibrinogen with a much lighter band exhibiting the molecular weight of fibrinogen γ‐γ dimer, consistent with the presence of partially crosslinked fibrin. The presence of the dimer indicated that the clotted material was caused by the action of thrombin, but also reflected the action of Factor XIIIa. No ongoing clot formation was observed.CONCLUSION: Our studies indicate that, on rare occasions, fibrinogen conversion to fibrin is responsible for observable clots in thawed cryoprecipitate pools. These clots are structurally heterogeneous, including both noncrosslinked (soluble) and crosslinked (insoluble) fibrin. This diversity in the fibrin structure may account for some of the diversity in the limited literature regarding their presence in cryoprecipitate pools.
The immunohematologic and patient safety benefits of a centralized transfusion database
Authors: Delaney Meghan , Dinwiddie Steve , Nester Theresa N. , AuBuchon James A. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: The transfusion medical record is an important tool for providing safe and appropriate blood. However, many patients seek care at more than one hospital and this record is usually not portable. We posited that a centralized transfusion service database (CTS‐D) offers benefits through tracking blood types, transfusion requirements, and detecting wrong blood in tube (WBIT).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Records held in the CTS‐D from 1997 to 2010 were queried to enumerate those seen at more than one hospital versus one hospital only. Transfusion‐related attributes were collected including red blood cell (RBC) antibodies, transfusion requirements, and reactions. WBITs detected due to historical ABO typing were tallied. A review of blood orders that required alteration based on requirements held in the CTS‐D was completed.RESULTS: There were 724,584 records; 10.9% of patients had been tested or received blood transfusion at more than one hospital. Of the 63,973 records with RBC alloantibodies, a greater proportion of patients were seen at more than one hospital versus one hospital only (7.11% vs. 3.97%, p < 0.005). Of the 97,687 patient records that required special processing, patients seen at one hospital had a lower rate than those at more than one hospital (12.13% vs. 24.59%, p < 0.005). There were 77 WBITs (0.18 WBITs per 1000 patients). An in‐depth review of WBITs found an additional 26.3% (5 of 19) were detected because the current and historical ABO types were from two different hospitals within the CTS.CONCLUSIONS: The CTS‐D provides a universal transfusion record that improves patient safety. As health care systems are enlarged, centralization of the transfusion component of the medical record should be considered.