bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Role of Spacer Layer in Domain Dynamics of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Thin Films for Ferroelectrics
Authors: Peng Ren‐Ci , Wen Shubin , Cheng Xiaoxing , Chen Long‐Qing , Liao Min , Zhou Yichun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHfO2‐based ferroelectrics offer promises for next‐generation nonvolatile nanoscale devices owing to excellent CMOS compatibility and robust ferroelectricity at the nanoscale. However, fundamentally understanding the mechanism of polarization reversal and domain dynamics is challenging because the role of the spacer layer at the domain level in HfO2‐based ferroelectrics remains elusive. Here, it is realized that visualization of time‐resolved dynamics of nanoscale domain configurations in the epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films using phase‐field simulations. Scale‐free domain independent switchability (namely, irreducible stable polar domain down to 1 nm lateral size) and sharp domain walls that originate from weak interactions between adjacent domains characterized by the reduced gradient energy coefficient, which unravels the mesoscale mechanism of spacer layer in domain dynamics are demonstrated. Meanwhile, it is revealed that 180° polarization switching is dominated by the nucleation of a new domain with a high nucleation density, well described by the nucleation‐limited switching model. This study not only provides a fundamental mesoscale mechanism of the spacer layer, but also stimulates further studies on the manipulation of ultra‐scaled single domain state for designing high‐density and fast‐speed HfO2‐based ferroelectric memory.
Superior Self‐Lubricating Coatings with Heterogeneous Nanocomposite Structures on Ti–Nb–Zr–Ta–Hf Refractory Multi‐Principal Element Alloy
Authors: Zhang Ge , Chen Yisong , Cao Yuankui , Liu Bin , Huang Qianli , Liu Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is tremendous interest in the development of highly wear‐resistant coatings for metallic materials to reduce energy loss and prolong service life. In this study, the authors propose an approach to develop nanocomposite coatings featuring deformable nanocrystals embedded in amorphous matrix for self‐lubrication and superior wear resistance. The dual‐layered nanocomposite coatings are prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on a Ti‐Nb‐Ta‐Zr‐Hf (TNZTH) refractory multi‐principal element alloy (RMPEA) and commercially pure Ti (cpTi). The inner layers of PEO coatings are composed of substrate element oxides (amorphous TNZTH─O oxide or anatase TiO2), while their outer layers exhibit typical nanocomposite structures. Different from the cpTi‐based PEO coating outer layers composed of brittle rutile TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in an amorphous matrix of SiO2 and Na2O·nSiO2, the outer layers of TNZTH‐based PEO coatings are featured by deformable Na2Zr(Hf)O3 nanocrystals heterogeneously embedded in an inhomogeneous amorphous matrix composed of TNZTH─O oxide, SiO2, and Na2O·nSiO2. As a result, the TNZTH‐based PEO coatings exhibit favorable self‐lubricating performance and superior wear resistance, while the cpTi‐based PEO coatings are completely destroyed after sliding wear. Thus, this study offers valuable insights into the design and development of self‐lubricating coatings with superior wear resistance for metallic materials.
Multiscale Heterogeneous Polymer Composites for High Stiffness 4D Printed Electrically Controllable Multifunctional Structures
Authors: Ferrer Javier M. Morales , Cruz Ramón E. Sánchez , Caplan Sophie , Van Rees Wim M. , Boley J. William 
Published: May 2024

Abstract4D printing is an emerging field where 3D printing techniques are used to pattern stimuli‐responsive materials to create morphing structures, with time serving as the fourth dimension. However, current materials utilized for 4D printing are typically soft, exhibiting an elastic modulus (E) range of 10−4to 10 MPa during shape change. This restricts the scalability, actuation stress, and load‐bearing capabilities of the resulting structures. To overcome these limitations, multiscale heterogeneous polymer composites are introduced as a novel category of stiff, thermally responsive 4D printed materials. These inks exhibit anEthat is four orders of magnitude greater than that of existing 4D printed materials and offer tunable electrical conductivities for simultaneous Joule heating actuation and self‐sensing capabilities. Utilizing electrically controllable bilayers as building blocks, a flat geometry is designed and printed that morphs into a 3D self‐standing lifting robot, setting new records for weight‐normalized load lifted and actuation stress when compared to other 3D printed actuators. Furthermore, the ink palette is employed to create and print planar lattice structures that transform into various self‐supporting complex 3D shapes. These contributions are integrated into a 4D printed electrically controlled multigait crawling robotic lattice structure that can carry 144 times its own weight.
Exploring Metal Electroplating for Energy Storage by Quartz Crystal Microbalance: A Review
Authors: Vanoppen Viktor , Johannsmann Diethelm , Hou Xu , Sjölund Jens , Broqvist Peter , Berg Erik J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development and application of Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) sensing to study metal electroplating, especially for energy storage purposes, are reviewed. The roles of EQCM in describing electrode/electrolyte interface dynamics, such as the electric double‐layer build‐up, ionic/molecular adsorption, metal nucleation, and growth, are addressed. Modeling of the QCM sensor is introduced and its importance is emphasized. Challenges of metal electrode use, including side reactions and dendrite formation, along with their mitigation strategies are reviewed. Numerous factors affecting the electroplating processes, such as electrolyte composition, additives, temperature, and current density, and their influence on the electroplated metals’ mass, structural, and mechanical characteristics are discussed. Looking forward, the need for deeper fundamental understanding and advancing simulations of the QCM signal response as a result of electroplating metal nanostructures is stressed. Further development and integration of innovative EQCM‐strategies will provide unique future means to fundamentally understand and optimize metal electroplating for energy storage and application alike.
Twin Irida Graphene: A Carbon Material with Optoelectronic Features
Authors: Majidi Roya , Ayesh Ahmad I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel allotrope structure of carbon named twin irida graphene composed of 3‐16‐8 carbon rings is proposed. Its structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical characteristics are explored by density functional theory. It is shown that twin irida graphene has an energetically favorable structure. Its dynamical and thermal stabilities at room temperature are also examined and confirmed. The in‐plane stiffness of twin irida graphene is less than graphene. It is a metal and maintains this property even against the external strain and applied electric field. This sheet exhibits an anisotropy response to the incident photon with different polarizations. The potential of sheet for use in energy storage and absorption systems is indicated by its high dielectric constant and optical absorption. The reflection constants as well as the transmission constants of twin irida graphene indicate its transparency, mostly in the high‐energy region. Thus, twin irida graphene is a suitable material for use in optoelectronic applications due to its structural and physical characteristics.
Additive Manufacturing Provides Infinite Possibilities for Self‐Sensing Technology
Authors: Chen Daobing , Han Zhiwu , Zhang Junqiu , Xue Longjian , Liu Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegrating sensors and other functional parts in one device can enable a new generation of integrated intelligent devices that can perform self‐sensing and monitoring autonomously. Applications include buildings that detect and repair damage, robots that monitor conditions and perform real‐time correction and reconstruction, aircraft capable of real‐time perception of the internal and external environment, and medical devices and prosthetics with a realistic sense of touch. Although integrating sensors and other functional parts into self‐sensing intelligent devices has become increasingly common, additive manufacturing has only been marginally explored. This review focuses on additive manufacturing integrated design, printing equipment, and printable materials and stuctures. The importance of the material, structure, and function of integrated manufacturing are highlighted. The study summarizes current challenges to be addressed and provides suggestions for future development directions.
Applying the master adaptive learner framework to just‐in‐time training of procedures
Authors: Alvarez Al'ai , Manthey David , Promes Susan B. , Haas Mary , Santen Sally A. , Wagner Jason , Schnapp Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundJust‐in‐time training (JITT) occurs in the clinical context when learners need immediate guidance for procedures due to a lack of proficiency or the need for knowledge refreshment. The master adaptive learner (MAL) framework presents a comprehensive model of transforming learners into adaptive experts, proficient not only in their current tasks but also in the ongoing development of lifelong skills. With the evolving landscape of procedural competence in emergency medicine (EM), trainees must develop the capacity to acquire and master new techniques consistently. This concept paper will discuss using JITT to support the development of MALs in the emergency department.MethodsIn May 2023, an expert panel from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Medical Educator's Boot Camp delivered a comprehensive half‐day preconference session entitled “Be the Best Teacher” at the society's annual meeting. A subgroup within this panel focused on applying the MAL framework to JITT. This subgroup collaboratively developed a practical guide that underwent iterative review and refinement.ResultsThe MAL‐JITT framework integrates the learner's past experiences with the educator's proficiency, allowing the educational experience to address the unique requirements of each case. We outline a structured five‐step process for applying JITT, utilizing the lumbar puncture procedure as an example of integrating the MAL stages of planning, learning, assessing, and adjusting. This innovative approach facilitates prompt procedural competence and cultivates a positive learning environment that fosters acquiring adaptable learning skills with enduring benefits throughout the learner's career trajectory.ConclusionsJITT for procedures holds the potential to cultivate a dynamic learning environment conducive to nurturing the development of MALs in EM.
Local sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) on‐farm genetic diversity status and possible determinants from Wollo lowland areas, northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abegaz Silamlak Birhanu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVarious agricultural crops are the world's sources of food, fodder, and energy. However, conservation management and diversification constraints remain a challenge. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the status of local agricultural sorghum genetic diversity and potential determinants of the Wollo lowlands in northeastern Ethiopia. The greatest extent of local sorghum abundance was demonstrated in the study areas with the highest value being 4.25 DMg and 2.89 DMn in Werebabo district. However, 2.97 DMg and 2.04 DMn were recorded as the relatively lowest indices in Tehuledere province. In fact, the extent and type of diversity, measured by the number of varieties per farm, varied from region to region. Farmer perceived constraints such as late maturity, blending fluency, distance to nearest market (km), small land ownership, end‐use quality, and plume size attributed to these deviations. The priority of the constraints was first determined by ranking the constraints based on the answers received from the respondents and then calculating the rank‐based quotient. Several categorical variables of these constraints also showed a significant association with the status of local farm sorghum genetic diversity at p < 0.05 and p < 0.001. In general, the status of genetic diversity of local sorghum farms was low in all the provinces studied. Therefore, the seed exchange network between local farmers should be encouraged to use and conserve diversity on a daily basis. Community seed banks should also be established to enhance the conservation of beneficial local sorghum germplasm and maximize locally adapted sorghum landrace profiles.
Multiple instance learning for eosinophil quantification of sinonasal histopathology images: A hierarchical determination on whole slide images
Authors: Hsu Yen‐Chi , Lin Kao‐Tsung , Lee Ming‐Sui , Shen Li‐Sung , Yeh Te‐Huei , Lin Yi‐Tsen 
Published: May 2024

Key points
We proposed a hierarchical framework including an unsupervised candidate image selection and a weakly supervised patch image detection based on multiple instance learning (MIL) to effectively estimate eosinophil quantities in tissue samples from whole slide images.
MIL is an innovative approach that can help deal with the variability in cell distribution detection and enable automated eosinophil quantification from sinonasal histopathological images with a high degree of accuracy.
The study lays the foundation for further research and development in the field of automated histopathological image analysis, and validation on more extensive and diverse datasets will contribute to real‐world application.
Antibodies to Malondialdehyde‐Acetaldehyde Adduct Are Associated With Prevalent and Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in US Veterans
Authors: Aripova Nozima , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Duryee Michael J. , Hunter Carlos D. , Yang Yangyuna , Roul Punyasha , Ascherman Dana P. , Matson Scott M. , Kunkel Gary , Cannon Grant W. , Wysham Katherine D. , Kerr Gail S. , Monach Paul A. , Baker Joshua F. , Poole Jill A. , Mikuls Ted R. , England Bryant R. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the associations of protein‐specific anti–malondialdehyde‐acetaldehyde (MAA) antibodies with prevalent and incident rheumatoid arthritis–interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD).MethodsWithin a multicenter, prospective cohort of US veterans with RA, RA‐ILD was validated by medical record review of clinical diagnoses, chest imaging, and pathology. Serum antibodies to MAA‐albumin, MAA‐collagen, MAA‐fibrinogen, and MAA‐vimentin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) were measured by a standardized enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Associations of anti‐MAA antibodies with prevalent and incident RA‐ILD were assessed using multivariable regression models adjusting for established RA‐ILD risk factors.ResultsAmong 2,739 participants with RA (88% male, mean age of 64 years), there were 114 with prevalent and 136 with incident RA‐ILD (average time to diagnosis: 6.6 years). Higher IgM anti–MAA‐collagen (per 1 SD: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.61), IgA anti–MAA‐fibrinogen (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14–1.92), and IgA (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.34–2.37) and IgG (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14–1.92) anti–MAA‐vimentin antibodies were associated with prevalent RA‐ILD. In incident analyses, higher IgA (per one SD: adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.11–1.76) and IgM (aHR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.60) anti–MAA‐albumin antibody concentrations were associated with increased ILD risk. Participants with IgA (aHR 2.13, 95% CI 1.16–3.90) or IgM (aHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.08–3.64) anti–MAA‐albumin antibody concentrations in the highest quartile had an approximately two‐fold increased risk of incident RA‐ILD. Across all isotypes, anti–MAA‐fibrinogen, anti–MAA‐collagen, and anti–MAA‐vimentin antibodies were not significantly associated with incident RA‐ILD.ConclusionProtein‐specific anti‐MAA antibodies to collagen, fibrinogen, and vimentin were associated with prevalent RA‐ILD. IgA and IgM anti–MAA‐albumin antibodies were associated with a higher risk of incident RA‐ILD. These findings suggest that MAA modifications and resultant immune responses may contribute to RA‐ILD pathogenesis.
Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of greigite nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal technique
Authors: Naser Dalal Maseer , Lafta Sadeq H. , Hashim Mustafa Shakir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe effects of 180, 210, and 230°C reaction temperatures on the structural and magnetic properties of synthesized iron sulfide nanoparticles were studied. The Rietveld refinement analysis result of the X‐ray diffraction data indicated that greigite was the dominant phase in all samples. The sample was prepared at 210°C for 18 h and had a greater wt% ratio of the greigite phase. The crystallite and particle sizes increased with increasing reaction temperatures. Scanning electron microscope images confirmed the presence of aggregation of synthesized rod‐shaped nanoparticles. The magnetic hysteresis curves of all samples showed ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. The magnetic saturation of three samples increases with increased reaction temperature, but the coercive force has the opposite behavior. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the sample synthesized at 210°C were investigated. This sample killed cancer cells at relatively moderate and high concentrations with high viability of normal cells, demonstrating the sample's suitability for use in killing cancer cells while avoiding normal cells.
Optimizing recombinant antibody fragment production: A comparison of artificial intelligence and statistical modeling
Authors: Basafa Majid , Hashemi Atieh , Behravan Aidin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMaximizing the recombinant protein yield necessitates optimizing the production medium. This can be done using a variety of methods, including the conventional “one‐factor‐at‐a‐time” approach and more recent statistical and mathematical methods such as artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm, etc. Every approach has advantages and disadvantages of its own, yet even when a technique has flaws, it is nevertheless used to get the best results. Here, one categorical variable and four numerical parameters, including post‐induction time, inducer concentration, post‐induction temperature, and pre‐induction cell density, were optimized using the 232 experimental assays of the central composite design. The direct and indirect effects of factors on the yield of anti‐epithelial cell adhesion molecule extracellular domain fragment antibody were examined using statistical methods. The analysis of variance results indicate that the response surface methodology (RSM) model is effective in predicting the amount of produced single‐chain fragment variable (p‐value = 0.0001 and R2 = 0.905). For ANN modeling, the evaluation using normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and R2 values shows a good fit (R2 = 0.942) and accurate predictions (NRMSE = 0.145). The analysis of error parameters and R2 of a dataset, which contained 30 data points randomly selected from the complete dataset, showed that the ANN model had a higher R2 value (0.968) compared to the RSM model (0.932). Furthermore, the ANN model demonstrated stronger predictive ability with a lower NRMSE (0.048 vs. 0.064). Induction at the cell density of 0.7 and an isopropyl β‐D‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside concentration of 0.6 mM for 32 h at 30°C in BW25113 was the ideal culture condition leading to the protein yield of 259.51 mg/L. Under the optimum conditions, the output values predicted by the ANN model (259.83 mg/L) were more in line with the experimental data (259.51 mg/L) than the RSM (276.13 mg/L) expected value. This outcome demonstrated that the ANN model outperforms the RSM in terms of prediction accuracy.
Amorphous MoS2/MoO3 Nanosheets as High‐Efficient Polysulfide Barrier in Li−S Batteries
Authors: Qing Min , Hao Zhi Hui , Zhao Xiangwei , Dong Qin , He Zhimin , Hong Wei , Li Rong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are seriously impeded by poor reaction kinetics and the polysulfides shuttling, leading to low utilization of sulfur and poor cycling performance. Herein, amorphous MoS2/MoO3 nanosheets are prepared by a one‐step formamide (FA)‐assisted strategy. Due to the merits of high adsorption capability and good catalytic activity of MoS2, relatively high electronic conductivity and strong polarity of MoO3, and abundant active sites of amorphous nanosheet structure, the LSBs based on amorphous MoS2/MoO3‐2 nanosheets coated separator exhibit an outstanding specific capacity (1420.2 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C), excellent rate capacity (505.4 mA h g−1 at 5 C), and long cycle life (a negligible decay rate of 0.063 % per cycle at 0.5 C). This work provides an idea for designing efficient amorphous catalytic materials in LSBs.
Olanzapine‐induced cardiomyopathy: A mimicker of obesity cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Tolu‐Akinnawo Oluwaremilekun Zeth , Awoyemi Toluwalase , Guzman Rocio Barriga , Naveed Akhtar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOlanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic medication, has gained prominence in the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders due to its effectiveness and perceived safety profile. However, emerging evidence suggests a potential link between olanzapine use and adverse cardiovascular effects, including cardiomyopathy. This narrative review explores the mechanisms, clinical implications, and management strategies associated with olanzapine‐induced cardiomyopathy. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to investigate the relationship between olanzapine and cardiomyopathy. The search included epidemiological studies, clinical case reports, and mechanistic research focusing on the pathophysiology of olanzapine‐induced cardiomyopathy. The review also examined treatment strategies for managing this potential complication. Olanzapine‐induced cardiomyopathy is hypothesized to be associated with metabolic disturbances and receptor antagonism. The metabolic effects of olanzapine, such as weight gain, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, share similarities with obesity‐related cardiomyopathy. Additionally, olanzapine's antagonism of certain receptors may contribute to cardiovascular stress. The review highlighted that patients with new‐onset heart failure and significant weight gain while on olanzapine should be closely monitored for signs of cardiomyopathy. Early detection and prompt withdrawal of olanzapine, along with initiation of goal‐directed medical therapy, are crucial for mitigating this potentially life‐threatening condition. The relationship between olanzapine and cardiomyopathy is complex and not yet fully understood. However, the potential for significant cardiovascular risk necessitates vigilance among healthcare providers. Early identification and management of olanzapine‐induced cardiomyopathy can improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms behind this adverse effect and to develop optimized treatment strategies for patients requiring antipsychotic therapy.