bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Technique for Mapping Habitat in Navigable Streams Using Low-cost Side Scan Sonar
Authors: Kaeser Adam J. , Litts Thomas L. 
Published: June 2010

An inexpensive and rapid technique for mapping instream habitat of navigable rivers is needed by natural resource professionals. Unlike more expensive side scan sonar devices, the Humminbird® Side Imaging system employs a boat-mounted transducer enabling the survey of shallow, rocky streams. This device can be used to obtain high resolution, georeferenced images of underwater habitat. We developed a technique employing geographic information systems (GIS) to transform raw sonar images to fit the configuration of a stream channel. The end product is a GIS layer that can be interpreted to map instream habitat. We demonstrated this approach by mapping substrate and large woody debris in a southwest Georgia stream, and evaluated the technique through a comprehensive accuracy assessment. An overall classification accuracy of 77% was observed for substrate mapping and sonar estimates of large woody debris were correlated (r2 = 0.79) with actual wood abundance. Sonar mapping generated estimates of reach and substrate area comparable to a traditional field approach, and reduced the time investment by 90%. Applications for high resolution habitat maps are widespread and numerous; the ability to produce these maps at low cost is now within the grasp of researchers and managers alike.
Los estudiosos de los recursos naturales requieren de una técnica rápida y económica para mapear hábitats en ríos navegables. A diferencia de la mayoría de los escáneres sonares, el sistema de imágenes Humminbird® emplea un transductor montable en una embarcación que permite hacer sondeos en ríos rocosos y someros. Este dispositivo puede utilizarse para obtener imágenes subacuáticas del hábitat, de alta resolución y geo-referenciadas. Se desarrolló una técnica que emplea información de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para transformar las imágenes originales de sonar de forma tal que se ajusten a la configuración de los canales fluviales. El producto final es una capa de SIG que puede ser interpretada para mapear hábitats en los ríos. Este enfoque se demuestra mediante el mapeo del sustrato y escombros de madera en un río del suroeste de Georgia, y también se evaluó su precisión. En cuanto al mapeo del sustrato se observó una precisión del 77% y la estimación realizada mediante el sonar de la abundancia de los escombros de madera se correlacionó con la abundancia real de la madera (r2 = 0.79). Los mapeos con sonar generaron estimaciones tanto de alcance como de área de sustrato, comparables con los obtenidos con los enfoques tradicionales, y redujeron el tiempo de las operaciones en un 90%. Las aplicaciones de mapas de hábitat de alta resolución son variadas y numerosas; la habilidad de producir estos mapas a un bajo costo se encuentra en este momento al alcance tanto de investigadores como de manejadores.
Groundwater in fractured granite for water supply to remote areas in Malaysia
Authors: Sapari N. , Azie R.J. Raja , Jusoh H. 
Published: June 2010

Groundwater in fractured granite in Malaysia was found to be an economical source of water supply for various remote industries and communities. The uses include for agricultural processing, mineral water bottling, granite quarry, golf course irrigation and drinking water supply. Forty five tubewells belong to private companies operating in various places in the area were evaluated in terms of the yields and water quality. The wells were drilled using rotary air-percussion method to a maximum depth of 200 m and provided with 6 inch PVC casing and screens.
The productivity of the wells and the characteristics of aquifer were evaluated by pumping tests using a constant discharge rate and step drawdown methods. The average yield of the wells at allowable drawdown of 40 m was found to be 428 m3 per day. Results from water quality analysis indicate that the water is fresh with total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration between 101 and 150 mg/L. The hardness of the water varies from as low as 9.01 mg/L to a maximum of 337 mg /L. On the average the water is moderately hard with the hardness value of 73.17 mg/L. The water facies of the groundwater was found to be of Calcium-Sodium-Bicarbonate water.
Sign of the Buttock Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Burns Scott A. , Burshteyn Mark , Mintken Paul E. 
Published: June 2010

The patient was a 68-year-old man who had undergone a right total hip arthroplasty 3 years prior. He complained of progressively worsening right hip pain. Physical examination findings were consistent with a positive sign of the buttock. A triple-bone scan showed increased radio-pharmaceutical activity, which is consistent with infection. Subsequent aspiration of the right hip revealed infection, which was treated with antibiotics before the patient underwent a revision total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(6):377. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0410
Postoperative seizures following the resection of convexity meningiomas: are prophylactic anticonvulsants indicated?
Authors: Sughrue Michael E. , Rutkowski Martin J. , Chang Edward F. , Shangari Gopal , Kane Ari J. , McDermott Michael W. , Berger Mitchel S. , Parsa Andrew T. 
Published: June 2010

Object
Seizures in the perioperative period are a well-recognized clinical entity in the setting of brain tumor surgery. At present, the suitability of antiepileptic prophylaxis in patients following brain tumor surgery is unclear, especially in those without prior seizures. Given the paucity of tumor-type and site-specific data, the authors evaluated the incidence of postoperative seizures in patients with convexity meningiomas and no prior seizures.

Methods
The authors identified 180 patients with no preoperative history of seizures who underwent resection of a convexity meningioma. Some patients received antiepileptic prophylaxis for 7 days postoperatively while others did not, based on the practice patterns of different attendings. The rates of clinically evident seizures in the first 3–4 weeks after surgery were compared.

Results
Patients who received antiepilepsy drugs (129 patients) did not significantly differ from those who did not (51 patients) in terms of age, sex, WHO tumor grade, extent of resection, rate of previous cranial surgery or radiation therapies, or use of preoperative embolization. There was a single new postoperative seizure in the entire cohort, yielding a new seizure rate of 1.9% in patients not on antiepileptic prophylaxis compared with 0% in patients on antiepileptics (p = not significant).

Conclusions
While it is thought that the routine use of prophylactic antiepileptics may prevent new seizures in patients undergoing surgery for a convexity meningioma, the rate of new seizures in untreated patients is probably very low. Data in this study call into question whether the cost and side effects of these medications are worth the small benefit their administration may confer.
Homomorphismes réel-représentation et signifié-signifiant : exemples en mathématiques
Authors: Vergnaud Gérard , Prévost Philippe 
Published: June 2010

In this article, the author emphasizes that the concept of homomorphism is important for analyzing the relations between reality and its representation, as well as for graphic representations (concept maps and others) and other representations of scientific concepts.
The research adresses the functionnality of the spatial representations of scientific concepts. On one hand, the problem of selecting elements can be related with the thought operations necessary for reading a graphical representation. On the other hand, the relation between the organization of the graphical representation and the signifier/signified link poses a symbolization problem.
Didactique curriculaire et «éducation à... la santé, l'environnement et au développement durable» : quelles questions, quels repères ? / Didactic "curriculaire" and "education with... Health, environment and with the sustainable development" : which questions, which marks?
Authors: Lange Jean-Marc , Victor Patricia 
Published: June 2010

Didactic "curriculaire" and "education with... Health, environment and with the sustainable development" : which questions, which marks ?
“Both health and environmental education as well as sustainable development awareness” represent new areas in teaching that offer the opportunity to study the interactions which exist between knowledge, how teachers view their role and the direction taken by the new syllabus. Related social problems, knowledge type and implementation make it thus crucial to take into account the relationship between subject matter and actor in a teaching situation. Identifying the importance of the social dimension in the sciences equally entails changing the educational objectives in teaching. Syllabus didactics is an area which attempts to do just that : determine and provide new reference points to implement change.
La progressivité des notions dans les programmes de l'éducation technologique / The progressiveness of the notions in the curriculums of technology teaching
Authors: Paindorge Martine 
Published: June 2010

The progressiveness of the notions in the curriculums of technology teaching .
The research work herein examines the progressive nature of the notions used in technology from elementary school to high school. The analysis of the curriculum of the grades 4 to 10 allows to identify potential progressiveness based on eight groups formed by the majority of the notions found in the official texts and gathered around a central notion. Among them, we find cost, company, process, quality that make a network around ‘product’ whereas organization and information would make another around ‘ystem’.
Point de vue sur le nouveau programme science et technologie du secondaire au Québec : regards croisés sur les enjeux de part et d'autre de l'Atlantique / Focusing on Quebec's new science and technology curriculum in high school : a glance at what is at stake on both sides of the Atlantic
Authors: Barma Sylvie 
Published: June 2010

Betrachtungen fiber das neue Programm Wissenschaft und Technologie in der Sekundarstufe in Quebec : Gesichtspunkte fiber das, was diesseits und jenseits des Atlantiks auf dem Spiel steht .
Die Ausführung des neuen Programms Wissenschaft und Technologie in der Sekundarstufe in Quebec findet im weiteren Kontext der kurrikularischen Reformen im Abendland statt. Im Hinblick auf eine historische Perspektive und auf den Stand der Forschung im Bereich der wissenschaftlichen Erziehung stellen wir Gesichtspunkte über mehrere Aspekte vor, die anscheindend sowohl in Quebec als auch in Europa auf dem Spiel stehen. Wir denken an den zunehmenden Trend, eine kompetenzbezogene Vorgehensweise in den Vordergrund zu stellen, an die Minimisierung der Bedeutung der Inhaltstoffe, die im Curriculum der wissenschaftlichen Fächer stehen, und an die Einführung einer fachübergreifenden Lehrpraktik. Wir ziehen Parallelen zwischen den fachbezogenen Kompetenzen des Lehrplans in Quebec und dem Vorgang der wissenschaftlichen Forschung / Experimentierung, auf den sich europäische Lehrpläne beziehen. Wie der Name schon sagt, sieht das Programm in Quebec vor, die Technologie in die wissenschaftliche Erziehung zu integrieren. Handelt es sich aber tatsächlich urn eine Integration ? Wir denken auch über epistemologische Betrachtungen nach, die mit den didaktischen Praktiken im Kontext des wissenschaftlichen Unterrichts verbunden sind und werfen schließlich einige Fragen in Bezug auf die Lehrerausbildung auf.
Le modèle particulaire au collège : fluctuations des programmes et apports de l'histoire des sciences / The particle model: changes in the curricula and the contribution of the history of science
Authors: Brehelin Danie , Guedj Muriel 
Published: June 2010

The particle model : changes in the curricula and the contribution of the history of science .
This article starts with a report and ends with a proposal. In the first part, we will highlight the fact that the order in which the main concepts, models and symbols - related to micro-macro interface (particles, atoms, molecules, chemical species, etc - are introduced in the French middle school chemistry curricula (for 11-to-15 year-old students) reveals a lot of hesitations on the part of curriculum makers. One of the biggest problems is linked to the modelling of microscopic aspects of matter which is broached first or right after the macroscopic aspects.
In the second part, we will suggest a teaching sequence based on elements of the history of science that allow us to broach different concepts while promoting questioning, a requisite for learning. Once the notions of models, particles and continuous/discontinuous have been understood the way they have been introduced, we believe that the students will be able to follow basic lessons of chemistry whatever the order in which the concepts are introduced.
L'appropriation des « objets de savoir » relatifs aux titrages acide-base par les élèves et les étudiants tunisiens / Tunisian students appropriating "objects of knowledge" relating to acid-base titration
Authors: Ouertatani Latifa , Dumon Alain 
Published: June 2010

Die Erwerbung der «Wissensobjekte» in Zusammenhang mit der Säure-Base-Titration durch tunesische Schüler und Studenten.
In dieser Arbeit nehmen wir uns vor, die Wissensobjekte zu vergleichen, die tunesische Schüler der Terminale (12. Klasse) und Studenten im ersten Studienjahr erworben haben, um die Säure-Base-Titration zu beschreiben. Sind sie imstande, die verschiedenen symbolischen Figurationen (Reaktiongleichung, Verlaufkurve der pH-Messung, numerische Beziehungen) mit den Gesetzen und Theorien der chemischen Sprache zu verbinden ? Wie bewegen sie sich zwischen dem empirischen Bezugspunkt und der Welt der Theorien und Modelle ? Benutzen sie einen alternativen Gedankengang und/oder alternative Auffassungen ?
Die Ergebnisse erlauben uns zu sagen, dass mehrere Studenten die Wissensobjekte in Zusammenhang mit der Säure-Base-Titration erworben haben, ohne sie jedoch wirklich wissenschaftlich erfasst zu haben. Sie stürzen sich in Errechnungen und Interpretationen, ohne über die Zusammensetzung des chemischen Systems nachzudenken. Dieses partielle Verstehen scheint, aus der Unfähigkeit zu kommen, das empirische Bezugspunkt mit der Welt der Theorien und Vorbilder zu verbinden. Einige von ihnen benutzen dann einen alternativen Gedankengang Oder alternative Auffassungen, um unsere Fragen zu beantworten.
Observation de chemins suivis par les élèves dans l'apprentissage des bases de l'électrocinétique / Student's learning paths observation in basic electricity
Authors: Rouffiac-Missonnier Marie-France , Closset Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2010

A didactic engineering approach about the teaching of electicity for a grade 10 class in France has led to the observation of the progressive stages of students’ learning paths. Previous analyses has led to test four hypotheses based upon the prerequisites’ mastery, a previous energetic approach of the electric circuit, a qualitative approach and an independent presentation of the required concepts. The implementation of all these, in the researcher’s class, first, in other classes in the same or in others academies, after, have led the discovery of :
-learning effective assistances such as a prerequisites’ mastery ora qualitative approach which is facilitated by relatively homogeneous classes and remedial work ;
-learning paths of the concept of intensity ;
-unresolved difficulties about the transition towards formalism ;
-the fact that these students have worked out a different knowledge.
Analysis of Serine‐Threonine Kinase Specificity Using Arrayed Positional Scanning Peptide Libraries
Authors: Chen Catherine , Turk Benjamin E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractProtein kinases vary substantially in their consensus phosphorylation motifs, the residues that are either preferred or deselected by the kinase at specific positions surrounding the phosphorylation site. The protocol described here is used to rapidly determine phosphorylation motifs for serine‐threonine kinases. The procedure involves screening an arrayed combinatorial peptide library consisting of 198 biotinylated substrates. Peptides are phosphorylated by the kinase of interest in the presence of radiolabeled ATP and then captured on streptavidin membrane. The membrane is subsequently washed, dried, and exposed to a phosphor screen to visualize and quantify incorporation of radiolabel into the peptides. The phosphorylation motif is thereby derived from the relative extent of phosphorylation of each peptide in the array. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 91:18.14.1‐18.14.15. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases and Substrates
Authors: Mercan Fatih , Bennett Anton M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphorylation is a reversible post‐translational modification that is essential for life in eukaryotic cells. The combinatorial action of both protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) determines the net level of cellular tyrosine phosphorylation. This unit discusses methods to determine the level of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity and methods for discovering novel substrates for protein tyrosine phosphatases. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 91:18.16.1‐18.16.17. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identification of Protoceratium reticulatum as the biogenetic origin of yessotoxin
Authors: Satake Masayuki , MacKenzie Lincoln , Yasumoto Takeshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractYessotoxin (YTX), a disulfated polyether toxin, was isolated from cultured cells of the marine dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum and unambiguously identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography, 1H NMR, and MS data. The result is the first to confirm toxigenicity of this species and demonstrate it as one of the biogenetic origins of YTX found in shellfish. Nat. Toxins 5:164–167, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The microbial alkaloid toxin staurosporine blocks the phorbol ester–induced increase in β‐amyloid precursor protein in PC12 cells
Authors: Friedman Lilach Mira , Matsuda Yuzuru , Lazarovici Philip 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe amyloid precursor protein (APP) is abnormally cleaved during the progression of Alzheimer's disease, resulting in production of the toxic beta‐amyloid peptide, which forms neuritic plaques in the brain. To develop a pharmacological approach for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, natural compounds which may inhibit APP synthesis and/or beta‐amyloid production are required. Staurosporine, a toxin isolated from Streptomyces staurospores bacteria, is widely used as a protein kinase C inhibitor in signal transduction research. Using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 sympathetic neurons, which express APP, we characterised staurosporine effect on APP level by western blotting, using an anti‐APP monoclonal antibody. PC12 APP levels were increased or decreased upon exposure to either 50–200 nM or 10–20 nM phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA, a protein kinase C activator), respectively. An apparent relationship was found between the change in APP level and a differential down regulation process of different PKC isoforms. The PMA‐induced increase in intracellular APP level was dose‐dependently inhibited by staurosporine (natural alkaloid) or GF 109203X (synthetic analogue), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. This inhibition was mainly observed upon treatment of the cells before the exposure to PMA. These results suggest PKC regulation of APP levels in PC12 cells, and provide staurosporine as a leader compound for the development of drugs to control the expression of APP in Alzheimer's research. Nat. Toxins 5:173–179, 1997. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative toxicity of allelochemicals and their enzymatic oxidation products to maize fungal pathogens, emphasizing Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Dowd Patrick F. , Duvick Jonathan P. , Rood Tracy 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA series of stable quinones and their precursors, and enzymatic oxidation products of plant allelochemicals were tested for their effect on maize fungal pathogens, primarily Fusarium graminearum. Benzoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than hydroquinone, while 1,2‐naphthoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than 1,2‐dihydroxynaphthalene. Aspergillus flavus was the most resistant fungus to these compounds, while Phoma medicaginis was the most susceptible. Applying tyrosinase in conjunction with several phenolic compounds only increased the toxicity of gallic acid to Fusarium graminearum. Applying peroxidase generally increased toxicity of all compounds tested to this fungus in a dose‐dependent fashion. Ferulic acid was generally the most toxic compound, both alone and when combined with peroxidase and H2O2, followed by coumaric acid. These results suggest that enzymatic oxidation of plant allelochemicals may result in the generation of products that either are directly toxic to maize pathogens, or indirectly inhibitory due to their ability to tie up nutrients. Nat. Toxins 5:180–185, 1997. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toxicological evaluation of myristicin
Authors: Hallström Helena , Thuvander Ann 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMyristicin, or methoxysafrole, is the principal aromatic constituent of the volatile oil of nutmeg, the dried ripe seed of Myristica fragrans. Myristicin is also found in several members of the carrot family (Umbelliferae). Several intoxications have been reported after an ingestion of approximately 5 g of nutmeg, corresponding to 1–2 mg myristicin/kg body weight (b.w.). Although these intoxications may be ascribed to the actions of myristicin, it is likely that other components of nutmeg may also be involved. The metabolism of myristicin resembles that of safrole. No information is available, however, concerning the quantitative importance of the different metabolic pathways. The acute toxicity of myristicin appears to be low. No toxic effects were observed in rats administered myristicin perorally at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w., while 6–7 mg/kg b.w. may be enough to cause psychopharmacological effects in man. A weak DNA‐binding capacity has been demonstrated, but there are no indications that myristicin exerts carcinogenic activity in short‐term assays using mice. Intake estimations indicate that nonalcoholic drinks may be the most important single source of myristicin intake. Based on available data, it seems unlikely that the intake of myristicin from essential oils and spices in food, estimated to a few mg per person and day in this report, would cause adverse effects in humans. It is, however, at present not possible to make a complete risk assessment, as studies regarding genotoxicity and chronic toxicity, including reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity, are still lacking. Nat. Toxins 5:186–192, 1997. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.