bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulinastatin in the treatment of acute pancreatitis: A multicenter clinical trial
Authors: CHEN Shi Yao , WANG Ji Yao , Shanghai Collaboration Group on Ulinastatin Clinical Trials For The 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To assess the effectiveness of Chinese‐made ulinastatin in the treatment of patients with acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) and acute hemorrhagic and necrotic pancreatitis (AHNP).METHODS:  A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was performed. Stratified by AHNP or AEP, patients were randomly allocated into either the treatment group (with ulinastatin) or the control group (treatment with cabexate or octreotide). Clinical symptoms and signs were scored as none, mild, moderate or severe. Laboratory tests included serum amylase, liver and renal function tests, routine blood tests, serum glucose, calcium, blood pH and PaO2. Clinical results were assessed as cured, significantly effective, effective and non‐effective. All adverse effects were recorded.RESULTS:  From April to July 2000, a total of 94 patients with acute pancreatitis were enrolled into the study (50 males; 44 females). In this patient group, there were 68 cases of mild pancreatitis and 26 cases of severe pancreatitis. The study showed that the global effective rates of ulinastatin and cabexate in treating AEP were 100%, whereas the cured rate for ulinastatin was 83.3%, which was a little higher than that for cabexate (71.4%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Clinical symptoms, such as abdominal pain and distension, almost disappeared within 3−5 days in both groups for both treatment protocols. The global effective rate of ulinastatin in treating AHNP was similar to that of octreotide (78.6 vs 81.9%; P= 0.840). The main complication in AHNP was pancreatic pseudocyst. Only one case showed increased levels of alanine aminotransferase. No adverse effects, including allergy, skin rash and decreases in the white blood cell count, were noted. No abnormalities in liver and renal function, electrolytes or routine blood tests were noted.CONCLUSIONS:  Ulinastatin was shown to be effective in treating AEP and AHNP with few adverse effects.
Characterizing blood pressure control in individuals with Type 2 diabetes: the relationship between clinic and self‐monitored blood pressure
Authors: Mazze R. S. , Simonson G. D. , Robinson R. L. , Kendall D. M. , Idrogo M. A. , Adlis S. A. , Boyce K. S. , Dunne C. J. , Anderson R. L. , Bergenstal R. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAims To determine the relationship between blood pressure (BP) measurement in the clinic and self‐monitored blood pressure (SMBP); and to evaluate the accuracy of self‐reported data in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated intensively for hypertension.Methods Seventy subjects had baseline and 1‐week follow‐up clinic BP measured using an Omron 907® automated device. During a contemporaneous 14‐day period these subjects measured their BP at least four times each day using an Omron IC® semiautomatic portable monitor which, unknown to them, contained an onboard memory capable of storing BP with corresponding time and date.Results There was no significant difference between mean clinic and mean self‐monitored BP. Correlations between clinic BP and SMBP were r = 0.61 (P < 0.0001) for systolic BP and r = 0.69 (P < 0.0001) for diastolic BP. Clinic BP classified 56 subjects as uncontrolled hypertension (BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg, adjusted for diabetes) and 14 subjects as controlled hypertension. Using World Health Organization‐International Society of Hypertension criteria for SMBP (≥ 125/75 mmHg), 55 cases of clinic classified uncontrolled hypertension were confirmed, resulting in 98% sensitivity. Clinic and SMBP agreed in one case of controlled hypertension, resulting in 7% specificity. For all subjects, the median percent of values exceeding SMBP criteria for controlled hypertension was systolic 92% and diastolic 70%. Self‐reporting precision averaged 89 ± 10% (range 45–100%); under‐reporting was 25 ± 16% (ranging from 0 to 56%) and over‐reporting was 12 ± 15% (ranging from 0 to 46%). The overall logbook mean was not significantly different from the downloaded data from the Omron IC® monitors.Conclusions SMBP was able to identify 13 patients with uncontrolled hypertension who, by clinic BP measurement, had been classified as controlled.
Fine structure physical mapping of a 1·9 Mb region of chromosome 13q12
Authors: STILL I. H. , ROBERTS T. , COWELL J. K. 
Published: November 2010

Ann. Hum. Genet. (1997), 61, 15–24In this paper we described the physical map of a 1·9 Mb region in chromosome region 13q12. Although in the text we described that the motivation for this effort was to identify the breakpoint in an 8;13 translocation associated with myeloproliferative disease, none of the results presented in fact referred to that localization. However, a reference to the position of a breakpoint was given in Figure 2 and was derived from a figure constructed from early mapping data and submitted by mistake instead of the corrected figure which should not have included this information. We now know that this is not the position of the translocation breakpoint. All of the other mapping details in Figure 2 are correct. The authors regret this error and any inconvenience it may have caused.
Molecular cloning, functional characterization and genomic organization of four alternatively spliced isoforms of the human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1/SLC22A1)
Authors: HAYER M. , BÖNISCH H. , BRÜSS M. 
Published: November 2010

Ann. Hum. Genet. (1999), 63, 473–482 Correction The authors wish to add the following correction to this paper:The genomic organization of the human organic cation transporter (hOCT1/SLC22A1) has recently been described by us to consist of 7 exons [Molecular cloning, functional characterization and genomic organization of four alternatively spliced isoforms of the human organic cation transporter 1(hOCT1/SLC22A1); Ann. Hum. Genet. 63: 473–482]. A reexamination revealed 11 exons instead of 7. The mistake occurred through cDNA contamination. The corrected gene structure of the hOCT1 gene is available at EMBL under the following accession numbers:AJ243995 (Exon 1), AJ243996 (Exon 2), AJ276051 (Exon 3), AJ276052 (Exon 4), AJ276053 (Exon 5 and 6), AJ245460 (Exon 7), AJ243998 (Exon 8), AJ243999 (Exon 9 and 10) and AJ244000 (Exon 11).
Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo)ecology and (paleo)climate
Authors: Kohn Matthew J. 
Published: November 2010

A broad compilation of modern carbon isotope compositions in all C3 plant types shows a monotonic increase inδ13C with decreasing mean annual precipitation (MAP) that differs from previous models. Corrections for temperature, altitude, or latitude are smaller than previously estimated. As corrected for altitude, latitude, and theδ13C of atmospheric CO2, these data permit refined interpretation of MAP, paleodiet, and paleoecology of ecosystems dominated by C3 plants, either prior to 7–8 million years ago (Ma), or more recently at mid- to high latitudes. Twenty-nine published paleontological studies suggest preservational or scientific bias toward dry ecosystems, although wet ecosystems are also represented. Unambiguous isotopic evidence for C4 plants is lacking prior to 7–8 Ma, and hominid ecosystems at 4.4 Ma show no isotopic evidence for dense forests. Consideration of global plant biomass indicates that averageδ13C of C3 plants is commonly overestimated by approximately 2‰.
Observed suppression of ozone formation at extremely high temperatures due to chemical and biophysical feedbacks
Authors: Steiner Allison L. , Davis Adam J. , Sillman Sanford , Owen Robert C. , Michalak Anna M. , Fiore Arlene M. 
Published: November 2010

Ground level ozone concentrations ([O
3
]) typically show a direct linear relationship with surface air temperature. Three decades of California measurements provide evidence of a statistically significant change in the ozone-temperature slope (Δ
m

O3-
T

) under extremely high temperatures (> 312 K). This Δ
m

O3-
T

leads to a plateau or decrease in [O
3
], reflecting the diminished role of nitrogen oxide sequestration by peroxyacetyl nitrates and reduced biogenic isoprene emissions at high temperatures. Despite inclusion of these processes in global and regional chemistry-climate models, a statistically significant change in Δ
m

O3-
T

has not been noted in prior studies. Future climate projections suggest a more frequent and spatially widespread occurrence of this Δ
m

O3-
T

response, confounding predictions of extreme ozone events based on the historically observed linear relationship.
Blow-up rate of type II and the braid group theory
Authors: Mizoguchi Noriko 
Published: November 2010

A solution

u
u

of a Cauchy problem or a Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for a semilinear heat equation
\[

u
t

=
Δ
u
+

u
p

u_t = \Delta u + u^p

\]
with nonnegative initial data

u
0

u_0

is said to undergo type II blow-up at

t
=
T

t = T

if
\[

lim sup

t
↗
T

(
T
−
t

)

1

/

(
p
−
1
)

|

u
(
t
)

|

∞

=
∞
.

\limsup _{t \nearrow T} \; (T-t)^{1/(p-1)} |u(t)|_\infty = \infty .

\]
Let

φ
∞

\varphi _\infty

be the radially symmetric singular steady state of the Cauchy problem. Suppose that

u
0

∈

L
∞

u_0 \in L^\infty

is a radially symmetric function such that

u
0

−

φ
∞

u_0 - \varphi _\infty

and

(

u
0

)
t

(u_0)_t

change sign at most finitely many times. By application of the braid group theory, we determine the exact blow-up rate of solution with initial data

u
0

u_0

which undergoes type II blow-up in the case of

p
>

p

J
L

p > p_{_{JL}}

, where

p

J
L

p_{_{JL}}

is the exponent of Joseph and Lundgren.
Heteroclinic travelling waves of gradient diffusion systems
Authors: Alikakos Nicholas , Katzourakis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2010

We establish the existence of travelling waves to the gradient system

u
t

=

u

z
z

−
∇
W
(
u
)

u_t = u_{zz} - \nabla W(u)

connecting two minima of

W
W

when

u
:

R

×
(
0
,
∞
)
⟶

R

N

u : \mathbb {R} \times (0,\infty ) \longrightarrow \mathbb {R}^N

; that is, we establish the existence of a pair

(
U
,
c
)
∈
[

C
2

(

R

)

]
N

×
(
0
,
∞
)

(U,c) \in [C^2(\mathbb {R})]^N \times (0,\infty )

, satisfying
\[

{

U

x
x

−
∇
W
(
U
)
=
−
c

U
x

,

U
(
±
∞
)
=

a

±

,

\left \{\begin {array}{l} U_{xx} - \nabla W ( U ) = - c\; U_x,\\ U(\pm \infty ) = a^{\pm }, \end {array}\right .

\]
where

a

±

a^{\pm }

are local minima of the potential

W
∈

C

loc

2

(

R

N

)

W \in C_{\textrm {loc}}^2(\mathbb {R}^N)

with

W
(

a
−

)
>
W
(

a
+

)
=
0

W(a^-)> W(a^+)=0

and

N
≥
1

N \geq 1

. Our method is variational and based on the minimization of the functional

E
c

(
U
)
=

∫

R

{

1
2

|

U
x

|

2

+
W
(
U
)

}

e

c
x

d
x

E_c (U) = \int _{\mathbb {R}}\Big \{ \frac {1}{2}|U_x|^2 + W( U ) \Big \}e^{cx} dx

in the appropriate space setup. Following Alikakos and Fusco (2008), we introduce an artificial constraint to restore compactness and force the desired asymptotic behavior, which we later remove. We provide variational characterizations of the travelling wave and the speed.
A reduction of the target of the Johnson homomorphisms of the automorphism group of a free group
Authors: Satoh Takao 
Published: November 2010

LetFnF_nbe a free group of ranknnandFnNF_n^Nthe quotient group ofFnF_nby a subgroup[Γn(3),Γn(3)][[Γn(2),Γn(2)],Γn(2)][\Gamma _n(3), \Gamma _n(3)][[\Gamma _n(2),\Gamma _n(2)],\Gamma _n(2)], whereΓn(k)\Gamma _n(k)denotes thekk-th subgroup of the lower central series of the free groupFnF_n. In this paper, we determine the group structure of the graded quotients of the lower central series of the groupFnNF_n^Nby using a generalized Chen’s integration in free groups. Then we apply it to the study of the Johnson homomorphisms of the automorphism group ofFnF_n. In particular, under taking a reduction of the target of the Johnson homomorphism induced from a quotient mapFn→FnNF_n \rightarrow F_n^N, we see that there appear only two irreducible components, the Morita obstructionSkHQS^k H_{\mathbf {Q}}and the Schur-Weyl module of typeHQ[k−2,12]H_{\mathbf {Q}}^{[k-2, 1^2]}, in the cokernel of the rational Johnson homomorphismτk,Q′=τk′⊗idQ\tau _{k, \mathbf {Q}}’=\tau _k’ \otimes \mathrm {id}_{\mathbf {Q}}fork≥5k \geq 5andn≥k+2n \geq k+2.
Diophantine properties for 𝑞-analogues of Dirichlet’s beta function at positive integers
Authors: Jouhet Frédéric , Mosaki Elie 
Published: November 2010

In this paper, we define

q
q

-analogues of Dirichlet’s beta function at positive integers, which can be written as

β
q

(
s
)
=

∑

k
≥
1

∑

d

|

k

χ
(
k

/

d
)

d

s
−
1

q
k

\beta _q(s)=\sum _{k\geq 1}\sum _{d|k}\chi (k/d)d^{s-1}q^k

for

s
∈

N

∗

s\in \mathbb {N}^*

, where

q
q

is a complex number such that

|

q

|

>
1

|q|>1

and

χ
\chi

is the nontrivial Dirichlet character modulo

4
4

. For odd

s
s

, these expressions are connected with the automorphic world, in particular with Eisenstein series of level

4
4

. From this, we derive through Nesterenko’s work the transcendance of the numbers

β
q

(
2
s
+
1
)

\beta _q(2s+1)

for

q
q

algebraic such that

0
>

|

q

|

>
1

0>|q|>1

. Our main result concerns the nature of the numbers

β
q

(
2
s
)

\beta _q(2s)

: we give a lower bound for the dimension of the vector space over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

spanned by

1
,

β
q

(
2
)
,

β
q

(
4
)
,
…
,

β
q

(
A
)

1,\beta _q(2),\beta _q(4),\dots ,\beta _q(A)

, where

1

/

q
∈

Z

∖
{
−
1
;
1
}

1/q\in \mathbb {Z}\setminus \{-1;1\}

and

A
A

is an even integer. As consequences for

1

/

q
∈

Z

∖
{
−
1
;
1
}

1/q\in \mathbb {Z}\setminus \{-1;1\}

, on the one hand there is an infinity of irrational numbers among

β
q

(
2
)
,

β
q

(
4
)
,
…

\beta _q(2),\beta _q(4),\dots

, and on the other hand at least one of the numbers

β
q

(
2
)
,

β
q

(
4
)
,
…
,

β
q

(
20
)

\beta _q(2),\beta _q(4),\dots , \beta _q(20)

is irrational.
The Effects of NMDA and GABAAPharmacological Manipulations on Acute and Rapid Tolerance to Ethanol During Ontogeny
Authors: Silveri M. M. , Spear L. P. 
Published: November 2010

Background:Sensitivity to several ethanol effects increases during ontogeny, perhaps in part because of a notable decline in acute tolerance. In contrast, rapid tolerance to ethanol‐induced sedation emerges slowly during ontogeny. This study tested the hypothesis that ontogenetic differences in glutamate and/or γ‐aminobutyric acid systems influence tolerance expression.Methods:Sprague‐Dawley rats at postnatal day (P)26 or P70 received (+)MK‐801, muscimol, or saline before ethanol (3.5 or 4.5 g/kg) or saline on day 1 and ethanol only on day 2. Loss of and time to regain the righting reflex and blood alcohol levels at recovery were recorded. The presence of acute tolerance was indicated as a positive slope of the linear regression of blood alcohol levels at recovery versus ethanol dose. Rapid tolerance was estimated on day 2 by comparing animals given ethanol only on day 2 with those given ethanol on both days.Results:Acute tolerance on day 1 only was observed at P26; this was disrupted by (+)MK‐801 but not muscimol. Evidence for acute tolerance also emerged in adults on day 2. Whereas both drugs increased ethanol sedation at both ages, they did not facilitate ontogenetic expression of rapid tolerance: rapid tolerance was not evident at P26 regardless of pretreatment when indexed in terms of recovery time.Conclusions:These data provide further evidence for an ontogenetic dissociation in the expression of acute and rapid tolerance to ethanol‐induced sedation. Pharmacological attenuation of the expression of acute tolerance was sufficient but not necessary to delay recovery of righting after ethanol. The greater propensity of young animals to develop acute tolerance, seemingly modulated in part by NMDA receptors, may contribute to their relative resistance to ethanol, although other factors, including pharmacokinetic factors, also contribute to their more rapid recovery from ethanol sedation.
Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Ethanol in Mice Lacking the γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor δ Subunit
Authors: Shannon Erin E. , Shelton Keith L. , Vivian Jeffrey A. , Yount Ingrid , Morgan Ashley R. , Homanics Gregg E. , Grant Kathleen A. 
Published: November 2010

Background:Genetically altered mice have been used to examine gene contributions to ethanol phenotypes. Recently, mice with a targeted deletion of the δ subunit of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)Areceptor have been generated. These mice display decreased sensitivity to neuroactive steroids and altered responses to some behavioral effects of ethanol. Given the application of drug discrimination to characterize receptor‐mediated stimulus effects of ethanol and given the data showing altered ethanol responses in mice lacking the δ subunit of the GABAAreceptor, these mice were characterized in an ethanol‐discrimination procedure. It has been shown that neurosteroids will substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol, and this study aimed to determine whether the substitution patterns of neuroactive steroids or other GABAA‐positive modulators would be altered in these mice.Methods:Twelve adult δ+/+and δ−/−mice were trained to discriminate between ethanol 1.5 g/kg and saline in daily 15‐min food‐reinforced operant sessions. Once the discrimination was trained, substitution tests with ethanol, pentobarbital, midazolam, androsterone, alphaxalone, pregnanolone, morphine, zolpidem, and MK‐801 were conducted.Results:Both δ+/+and δ−/−mice acquired ethanol discrimination in a similar number of days. Ethanol, midazolam, alphaxalone, pregnanolone, and MK‐801 fully substituted (>80%) for ethanol in both δ+/+and δ−/−mice. Pentobarbital fully substituted for ethanol in δ−/−mice but only partially substituted (74%) for ethanol in δ+/+mice. Androsterone, zolpidem, and morphine did not substitute for ethanol in either δ+/+or δ−/−mice. There were no significant differences in the response rate–suppressing effects of any of the compounds between δ+/+and δ−/−mice.Conclusions:The training dose of ethanol resulted in substitution of five GABAAreceptor ligands, indicating a robust GABAAmediation of ethanol's discriminative stimulus effects. Deletion of the δ subunit of the GABAAreceptor does not alter the acquisition of an ethanol/saline discrimination or the substitution patterns of GABAA‐positive modulators. Therefore, the δ subunit is not necessary in the mediation of ethanol‐like effects of any of the GABAAligands tested, including sensitivity to ethanol, barbiturate, benzodiazepine, and neurosteroid discriminative stimulus effects.
Differential Effects of Alcohol Drinking Pattern on Liver Enzymes in Men and Women
Authors: Stranges Saverio , Freudenheim Jo L. , Muti Paola , Farinaro Eduardo , Russell Marcia , Nochajski Thomas H. , Trevisan Maurizio 
Published: November 2010

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that drinking pattern may have powerful implications for health; however, very few studies have focused on the association between drinking pattern and risk of alcoholic liver damage. This study was aimed at examining the association of γ‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase with current alcohol consumption and with some aspects of drinking pattern (e.g., drinking frequency during the week and in relation to food consumption).Methods: A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted of a random sample of 2943 white residents of Erie and Niagara Counties in New York State who were 35 to 80 years of age and free from known hepatic disease.Results: The most significant associations were found for GGT; in both sexes, average levels were significantly higher in current and former drinkers compared with lifetime abstainers. In analyses based on quartiles of alcohol consumption, only participants in the two top quartiles showed significantly elevated enzymes compared with both lifetime abstainers and participants in other quartiles. For drinking pattern, there was evidence of sex‐specific associations. In men, daily drinkers showed the highest levels of GGT, whereas in women, the highest level of GGT was observed in weekend drinkers. Women (but not men) who consumed alcohol without food exhibited higher levels of GGT compared with women who consumed alcoholic beverages in relation to food.Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that, in addition to amount, drinking pattern may affect liver function and that differences exist between sexes with regard to the effect of drinking pattern on liver function and potential liver damage.
Alcohol Consumption and Problems: The Relevance of Drinking Patterns
Authors: Russell Marcia , Light John M. , Gruenewald Paul J. 
Published: November 2010

Background: Data on risks and benefits associated with drinking patterns provide the scientific basis for moderate, low‐risk drinking guidelines. Illustrated are methods to investigate and adjust for heterogeneity in relations between three‐dimensional drinking patterns and 41 alcohol problems assessed among current regular drinkers in the 1988 National Health Interview Survey.Methods: Three dimensions of mean drinking patterns, (i.e., usual quantities, heavy drinking rates (days of 5× drinks/drinking days x 100), and drinking frequencies) were estimated in overlapping subsets of the population reporting each of the 41 problems, and mean usual quantities and heavy drinking rates were plotted against frequencies. Respondents were categorized into drinking problem groups associated with comparable mean drinking patterns; and main and interactive effects of age and sex on drinking patterns were examined by conducting three regression analyses within each group, with quantity, frequency, and heavy drinking rates as dependent variables, respectively.Results: Analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity in relations between drinking patterns and alcohol problems. Respondents having only minor problems drank on average two days a week, usually had 2.6 drinks, and drank heavily 12–13 days a year. Whereas, those having minor and severe problems drank an average of 3.5 days a week, usually had 4.7 drinks, and drank heavily 58 days a year. Within each problem group, usual quantity and frequency were higher among males than females, but the greatest gender differences were seen in heavy‐drinking rates. Age‐related differences in drinking patterns were striking. Usual quantity and heavy‐drinking rates associated with problems decreased with age, whereas drinking frequency increased.Conclusions: Findings demonstrated the importance of assessing and adjusting for heterogeneity in relations between drinking patterns and alcohol problems when aggregating and interpreting such data, (e.g., when assessing alcohol dependence criteria or evaluating guidelines for moderate drinking), and illustrated new methods for doing so.
Cytotoxicity of Acetaldehyde‐Derived Advanced Glycation End‐Products (AA‐AGE) in Alcoholic‐Induced Neuronal Degeneration
Authors: Takeuchi Masayoshi , Saito Toshikazu 
Published: November 2010

Abstract: Background: The Maillard reaction that leads to the formation of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of angiopathy in diabetic patients, in aging and in neurodegenerative processes. We hypothesize that acetaldehyde (AA), one of the main metabolites of alcohol, may be involved in alcohol‐induced neurotoxicity in vivo by formation of AA‐derived AGEs (AA‐AGE) with brain proteins.Methods: AA‐AGE‐bovine serum albumin (BSA) and AA‐AGE‐rabbit serum albumin (RSA) were prepared as described previously. Antibody specific for AA‐AGE was isolated from rabbit antiserum by affinity chromatography. Primary cortical neuronal cell cultures were prepared as described previously.Results: Incubation of cortical neurons with AA‐AGE produced a dose‐dependent increase in neuronal cell‐death, and the neurotoxicity of AA‐AGE was neutralized by the addition of an anti‐AA‐AGE specific antibody, but not by anti‐N‐ethyllysine (NEL) antibody. The AA‐AGE epitope was detected in human brain of alcoholism.Conclusions: We propose that the structural epitope AA‐AGE is an important toxic moiety for neuronal cells in alcoholism.