bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Efficiency of CZTS Solar Cells With Dual HTL Configuration and a Novel Buffer Layer Using SCAPS‐1D
Authors: Merabet Sarra , Bendenia Chahrazed , Bendenia Souhila , Merad‐Dib Hanaa , Moulebhar Samia , Khantar Sid Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn pursuit of more sustainable solar cell technologies, this study focuses on the development of CZTS‐based solar cells by utilizing novel nontoxic buffer layers with better properties as substitutes for cadmium, which poses environmental and health risks. We explored two distinct cell architectures based on CZTS/TiNxOy and CZTS/CrNxOy, to assess their performance and potential. Additionally, to enhance cell efficiency, we incorporated V2O5 and Spiro‐OMeTAD as a double hole transport layer (HTL). Simulations were conducted via SCAPS 1D software. The effects of various layer parameters, including thickness, acceptor and donor densities, and the defect density of the absorber layer, are also discussed. After optimizing the device, the influence of operating temperature and the impact of series and shunt resistance were also considered. Employing double HTLs of Spiro‐OMeTAD and V₂O₅ achieves a notable efficiency of 25.24% for CZTS/TiNxOy and 25.22% for CZTS/CrNxOy.
Trajectories and Influences of Depression in Adolescents: A Latent Profile Transition Analysis Study
Authors: Dai Yuelian , Shen Lin , Zhang Shenghao , Wu Zhentong , Zhang Jiaqi , Li Qi , Xiao Jing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDepression has become increasingly prevalent among adolescents, posing significant challenges for mental health professionals. While most studies on depression adopt a cross‐sectional perspective or a variable‐centred approach, these methods often fail to illuminate the developmental trajectories of depression in individuals. We employed Latent Profile Transition Analysis (LPTA), a person‐centred approach, to analyse longitudinal data from a large adolescent sample (N = 978; Mage = 16.26, SD = 0.89; 52.2% females). This study aimed to identify distinct subgroups of depression and observe transitions between these groups over time, considering stress, anxiety, and rumination as covariates to predict these transitions and aid in the development of targeted interventions. We identified three distinct subgroups: ‘low/no depression’, ‘moderate depression’, and ‘high depression’. Individuals in the low/no depression and moderate depression groups displayed a predominant tendency toward stability rather than change. Conversely, individuals in the high depression group showed a high probability of transitioning to the moderate depression group. Stress, rumination, and anxiety were significant predictors of transitions into more severe depressive groups. Notably, the predictive power of rumination diminished over time. This study relied solely on self‐reported measures, which may introduce response bias. This study reveals dynamic trajectories of depression among adolescents using a person‐centred approach, emphasising the importance of closely monitoring those in the moderate depression subgroup. Stress, anxiety, and rumination emerged as crucial predictors of transitions in depression severity, underscoring the need for targeted early interventions.
Tattooing Among Combat Soldiers as a Coping Resource With Their Military Service Experiences
Authors: Cohen‐Louck Keren , Iluz Yakov 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine how former combat soldiers use tattoos as a coping resource in response to their military service experiences. Qualitative analysis of semi‐structured interviews with eight combat soldiers identified two main themes: (a) the military events and distress as a background story of the tattoos; (b) the tattoos' meaning as a coping resource for military service experiences. The thematic analysis revealed two coping resources which the soldiers utilised through tattooing. The first is the emotional‐relief coping resource, which allows combat soldiers to express and process their emotions in response to events experienced during their military service, and helps them reduce feelings of stress. The second is the positive‐productive coping resource that enhances positive feelings, serves as an empowering, promoting and strengthening resource, and expresses a transformative process of change. The findings also revealed that both of the coping resources were adaptive coping resources. This study contributes to the limited research on tattooing among combat soldiers, expands the knowledge regarding tattoos as a coping resource with military service, and identifies two types of coping resources utilised by combat soldiers. On a practical level, our findings offer insights for interventions aimed at promoting awareness among combat soldiers about the effectiveness of tattooing.
High‐Performance G‐Dimer Acceptor‐Based Flexible Organic Solar Cells Optimized by Temperature‐Dependent Film Formation Process
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Zhang Jianqi , Tian Chenyang , Zhang Hao , Wang Tong , Wang Caixuan , Wu Mengying , Bi Huijuan , Zhang Dandan , Lu Guanghao , Liu Wei , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGiant Dimer (G‐Dimer) acceptors have shown their promising ability in the fabrication of high‐performance organic solar cells; however, a lack of investigation on the morphology optimization of donor and acceptor (D‐A) blends essentially confines their potential application. Based on a typical Y6‐analogues‐based giant dimeric acceptor G‐DimerC8C10, this study investigated the impact of varying processing temperatures on the behavior of the blends with donor PM6. The result indicated that as the processing temperature increased, the aggregation capacity of the donor is enhanced. This enhancement can be attributed to the reduced nucleation sites and the accelerated diffusion rate of PM6, which consequently resulted in forming nanofiber with larger diameters. Concurrently, the vertical phase distribution of the active layer is observed, with progressively ascended donor and descended acceptor due to the disparate drying times of the donor and the acceptor. The synergistic regulated vertical phase distribution and nanofiber morphology resulted in an optimized dissociation rate of excitons and an enhanced hole transport rate. Especially, the 1 cm2 flexible device fabricated by slot‐die coating achieves a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.38% at the optimized processing temperature (90 °C), which paved the way for future upscaling applications.
Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes Derived From Dual‐Cross–linked Polybenzimidazole for Enhanced H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Guan Jianyu , Sun Yongchao , Gao Zeyuan , Bai Lu , Li Tianyou , Fan Fangxu , Li Hongjin , Sun Fake , Liu Yijun , He Gaohong , Ma Canghai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe need for efficient CO2 separation during hydrogen production from fossil fuels drives the development of advanced, energy‐efficient solutions. Membrane technology offers a promising approach for separating CO2 from H2, which, however, faces the challenge of low H2/CO2 selectivity. To address this challenge, a novel strategy to cross–link polybenzimidazole (PBI) using potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) is proposed, followed by pyrolysis to fabricate highly selective carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes. The cross–linked PBI‐derived CMS membranes exhibit significantly enhanced permeability and H2/CO2 selectivity compared to neat PBI‐CMS membranes. For instance, the CMS membrane prepared from PBI cross–linked for 24 h and pyrolyzed at 900 °C (denoted as KPBI24 CMS@900) demonstrates outstanding molecular sieving capability. This membrane achieves an H2 permeability of 55 Barrer with an H2/CO2 selectivity of 48 tested at 100 °C, significantly surpassing its non‐cross–linked counterparts and the 2008 Robeson upper bound. The design principles of this study provide a robust technical foundation for persulfate‐cross–linked PBI and offer an innovative approach for preparing high‐performance CMS membranes.
Versatile PLGA‐Based Drug Delivery Systems for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Yishu , Hu Xiaoming , Wang Jinghui , Zhang Yu , Guo Peilin , Lv Yanlin , Ma Guanghui , Wei Wei , Wang Shuang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTumor immunotherapy, which utilizes the immune system to fight cancer, represents a revolutionary method for cancer treatment. Poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer has emerged as a promising material for tumor immunotherapy due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility in drug delivery. By tuning the size, shape, and surface properties of PLGA‐based systems, researchers have improved their ability to align with the requirements for diverse tumor immunotherapy modalities. In this review, the basic properties of the PLGA materials are first introduced and further the principal forms of the PLGA systems for controlled release are summarized and delivery applications are targeted. In addition, recent advances in the use of PLGA delivery systems are highlighted to enhance antitumor immune responses in terms of tumor vaccines, immunogenic cell death‐mediated immune responses, tumor microenvironment modulation, and combination immunotherapies. Finally, prospects for the future research and clinical translation of PLGA materials are proposed.
Magnetic Field‐Assisted Photocatalysis: Mechanisms, Devices, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Tang Yuxin , Yang Xinyi , Feng Dezhen , Feng Bo , Guan Renquan , Che Guangbo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe magnetic field as a “non‐contact” external field can instantaneously affect the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers during the photocatalytic reaction. This facilitates the large‐scale industrial application of photocatalysis technology. Consequently, the potential for using external magnetic fields to enhance photocatalysis in environmental pollution control and clean energy production has received significant attention. Herein, the principle of the magnetic field acting on photocatalytic reaction is discussed, including spin polarization, the Lorentz force, negative magnetoresistance, and electromotive force. In particular, the typical reaction devices and magnetic field settings involved in current research on magnetic field‐assisted photocatalysis are exhibited. Meanwhile, the performance of magnetic field‐assisted photocatalysis in specific applications is presented. The efficiency and experimental parameters of catalysts are classified and organized by their specific application fields. It is highlighted to summarize and interpret the mechanisms underlying magnetic field‐assisted photocatalysis presented in previous studies, along with the latest validation techniques. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities are discussed. This review offers valuable insights and guidance for the design and development of innovative magnetic field‐assisted photocatalytic systems, thereby accelerating the industrial application of photocatalytic technology.
Age effects in primary education: A double disadvantage for second‐generation immigrants
Authors: Abatemarco Antonio , Cavallo Mariagrazia , Marino Immacolata , Russo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe immigrant background is an acknowledged source of disadvantage. We study whether this background interacts with absolute and relative age effects generating additional barriers—that is, a double disadvantage—for second‐generation immigrant children in the Italian primary school. To identify these effects we exploit the variation given by the heterogeneity in children's birthdates and the fact that the test is given at two different points in time. We do find evidence of a double disadvantage that, relative to the average native, reduces scores in Italian by 3.2% and in Math by 3.4%. This suggests that controlling for age effects in class composition criteria can be used to promote integration because it delivers extra benefits to second‐generation immigrant children.
Thiolated and Carboxymethylated Jackfruit Seed Starch Nanocrystals as Polymeric Drug Carriers for Curcumin Delivery to Cancer Cells
Authors: Balogun‐Agbaje Olalekan Adeyinka , Odeniyi Michael Ayodele 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTJackfruit seeds are rich in starch and can be used as an alternative source of the polymer. Starch nanocrystals can act as a carrier to improve curcumin's anti‐cancer effect. This study evaluated modified jackfruit starch nanocrystals as carriers for delivering curcumin to MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines. Nanocrystals were prepared by acid hydrolysis and modified by carboxymethylation and thiolation. The starch forms were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, drug loading, mucoadhesion, and toxicity. Curcumin‐loaded starches were evaluated for in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity on MCF‐7 cancer cells. The prepared nanocrystals had an average particle size of 6.15 ± 0.80 nm, with altered morphology after modification. The starch's crystallinity (27.18%) increased with acid hydrolysis (37.54%) and thiolation (41.37%) but decreased with carboxymethylation (23.29%). The highest drug loading (70.23% ± 0.23%) was recorded for carboxymethylated nanocrystals, then thiolated nanocrystals (63.37% ± 0.40%), and the lowest (49.31% ± 0.13%) was for the native starch. Mucoadhesion was improved by thiolation, and the curcumin‐loaded thiolated nanocrystals produced an IC50 value (42.5 ± 0.12 µm/mL) lower than plain curcumin (86.80 ± 0.10 µm/mL). Modified jackfruit starch nanocrystals possess acceptable properties and are potential candidates for the effective delivery of curcumin to cancer cells.
A Literature Review of Software Testing Practices and Frameworks in the Video Gaming Industry
Authors: Roque Alejandro , Sotomayor Juan P. , Santiago Dionny , Clarke Peter J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe video gaming industry has evolved into an industry that drives high revenue and tangentially faces some of the toughest problems in the software engineering domain. With more games being released with either remote multiplayer components or cloud streaming foundations, maintaining an engaging player experience that lives up to a high‐quality bar is a problem that many game studios must overcome. Traditionally, studios have relied on brute‐force manual testing of their software to find impacting bugs. However, as studios and publishers focus on shortening the delivery timeline of their products to consumers, we have seen a rise in the use of testing tools, automation and enhanced processes that focus on achieving a high level of quality. In this systematic literature review, we provide a review of the tools and processes and discuss how these tools enhance the quality experience or help decrease the cost of testing while allowing for faster releases. We conclude by observing some potential areas of opportunity, such as suggesting an approach to help validate the severity of bugs found through community validation and providing a mechanism to create a way to track bugs across heterogeneous devices.
The mechanical and microstructural investigations of concrete incorporating waste textile and cardboard fibers following thermal and freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Haigh Robert , Sandanayake Malindu , Yaghoubi Ehsan , Joseph Paul , Vrcelj Zora 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent research suggests that incorporating waste fiber materials into concrete can enhance sustainable waste management practices and reduce the need for extracting natural resources. Textile and cardboard waste, which are abundantly available worldwide, offer significant opportunities to be repurposed in building materials, simultaneously minimizing landfill waste. This study explores the durability of concrete composites containing textile and cardboard fibers, with a focus on using silica fume as a modification technique for the kraft fiber walls (SFKFs) found in cardboard waste. SFKFs replaced 5% of the cement by volume (SFKF5), while 2.5% polyester textile fibers (T2.5) were added as a reinforcement agent. Microstructural analysis showed variations in how fibers were integrated into the concrete matrix. The rougher surfaces of SFKFs improved fiber anchorage, while the smooth texture of textile fibers promoted uniform dispersion. Mechanical testing, including compressive, tensile, and durability tests, was conducted on all composite specimens by subjecting them to thermal and freeze–thaw cycles. Observations of weight loss and strength characteristics supported the mechanical results. The SFKF5 composite showed a 23.9% increase in compressive strength after 100 thermal cycles. Initially, the combination of SFKF5 and T2.5 (KFT) demonstrated the highest tensile strength at 28 days. However, SFKF5 outperformed T2.5 in tensile strength after 100 thermal cycles. The T2.5 specimen exhibited the highest compressive strength of 45 MPa and achieved the highest tensile strength of 4.3 MPa following 100 freeze–thaw cycles. These findings confirm the durability of waste fiber reinforced concrete under various environmental conditions, highlighting its potential as a sustainable construction material.
Troubling the Definition of Black Resilience in STEM‐CS Education
Authors: Mensah Felicia Moore , Pierre Takeshia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResiliency has been unearthed as a phenomenon to explore strategies that influence successful STEM‐CS matriculation and/or persistence among minoritized populations—particularly Black undergraduate students. We argue that understanding and solidifying a definition for resilience in STEM‐CS can aid in identifying key characteristics that reveal systemic structures and improve academic achievement. In this commentary, we use critical race theory (CRT) to unpack how resiliency can be adjusted and revamped to focus more on systemic issues, rather than on individual or small groups of students to showcase “grit” and immense inner strength in STEM‐CS environments. Three noteworthy assertions are generated to help us trouble resilience relative to Black STEM‐CS students and teachers in higher education.
Organizational Maturity Applied to Food Industries: A Case Study
Authors: Santos Ângela Regina Souza , Melo Renata Maciel de , Clemente Thárcylla Rebecca Negreiros , Machado Santos Simone 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study applied an organizational maturity assessment model to the food industry, based on integrated technical standards, encompassing environmental management (ISO 14001), quality management (ISO 9001), and food safety (ISO 22000). The central focus was to investigate the involvement of companies in implementing and advancing the integrated management system (IMS) within the food industry. The model has five maturity levels and provides a framework to help understand and link maturity levels with companies’ development stages. The proposed model offers targeted guidelines for selecting appropriate strategies to achieve an evolutionary, productive, practical, and consistent level of organizational maturity within the IMS. This approach affords a preventive perspective and the integration of sustainable practices, emphasizing continuous improvement. The study provides diagnostic tools to identify different management phases, facilitating the selection of “drivers” that effectively support the development of a sustainable and efficient IMS. Validation of the model was successful when it showed a maturity level of 4.5 (out of 5.0) for the company with the highest number of certifications. This outcome highlights the need to establish a culture oriented toward continuous improvement and employee engagement.
Comparison and prediction of shallow groundwater nitrate in Shaying River basin based on urban distribution using multiple machine learning approaches
Authors: Huang Zipeng , He Baonan , Chu Yanjia , Song Yuanbo , Shen Zheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGroundwater, a pivotal water resource in numerous regions worldwide, confronts formidable challenges posed by severe nitrate pollution. Traditional research methodologies aimed at addressing groundwater nitrate contamination frequently struggle to accurately depict the intricate conditions of the groundwater environment, particularly when dealing with high variability and nonlinear data. However, the advent of machine learning (ML) has heralded an innovative approach to simulating groundwater dynamics. In this study, six ML algorithms were deployed to model the concentrations of shallow groundwater nitrates in the Shaying River Basin. The efficacy of each model was assessed through comprehensive metrics including the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE), gauging the alignment between observed and predicted groundwater nitrate levels. Subsequently, to discern the principal environmental factors influencing NO3‐N concentrations, the most proficient model was selected. Among the array of models, the XGB algorithm, renowned for its capacity to handle extreme values, demonstrated superior performance (R2 = 0.773, MAE = 7.625, RMSE = 11.92). Through an in‐depth analysis of groundwater NO3‐N across major urban centers, Fuyang city was identified as the most heavily contaminated locale, attributing the phenomenon to potential sources such as domestic sewage and agricultural activities (feature importance of Cl− = 78.64%). Conversely, Zhengzhou city emerged as the least polluted city, with notable influences from K+ and NO2− (feature importance = 52.06% and 18.41%), indicative of a prevailing reducing environment compared to other cities. In summation, this study explores a methodology for amalgamating diverse environmental variables in the investigation of groundwater contamination. Such insights hold profound implications for the effective management and mitigation of nitrate contamination in the Shaying River Basin, offering a demonstration for similar endeavors in analogous regions.Practitioner Points
Six machine learning models were utilized to simulate the nitrate contamination.
XGB model for groundwater nitrate pollution prediction outperformed other models.
Relative importance of environmental variables was identified using the XGB model.
Impact of main environmental variables on groundwater nitrate was discussed.