bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharyngo-occipital artery variant arising from the internal carotid artery impacting surgical technique during carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Graham Randall B , Sugrue Patrick A , Rahme Rudy J , Batjer H Hunt , Bendok Bernard R 
Published: March 2012

Background and importanceExtracranial carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis typically occurs at the junction of the common carotid, external carotid and internal carotid arteries. Although rare, anatomical arterial variants can influence surgical strategy and can have a significant impact on surgical complications and patient outcome. An unusual case of atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the origin of a pharyngo-occipital variant off of the ICA is reported here.Clinical presentationA 60-year-old man presented with symptomatic severe left cervical ICA stenosis. The stenosis was related to the origin of the pharyngo-occipital common trunk which arose from the ICA rather than the typical origin off of the external carotid artery. The patient underwent successful left carotid endarterectomy with special attention to this variant anatomy.ConclusionAnomalies of the extracranial ICA, although rare, can influence the location of atherosclerotic disease and the surgical endarterectomy strategy. A detailed anatomical study should be performed prior to surgery to minimize risk and improve patient outcome.
Disrupting the Networks of Cancer
Authors: Camacho Daniel F. , Pienta Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Ecosystems are interactive systems involving communities of species and their abiotic environment. Tumors are ecosystems in which cancer cells act as invasive species interacting with native host cell species in an established microenvironment within the larger host biosphere. At its heart, to study ecology is to study interconnectedness. In ecologic science, an ecologic network is a representation of the biotic interactions in an ecosystem in which species (nodes) are connected by pairwise interactions (links). Ecologic networks and signaling network models have been used to describe and compare the structures of ecosystems. It has been shown that disruption of ecologic networks through the loss of species or disruption of interactions between them can lead to the destruction of the ecosystem. Often, the destruction of a single node or link is not enough to disrupt the entire ecosystem. The more complex the network and its interactions, the more difficult it is to cause the extinction of a species, especially without leveraging other aspects of the ecosystem. Similarly, successful treatment of cancer with a single agent is rarely enough to cure a patient without strategically modifying the support systems conducive to survival of cancer. Cancer cells and the ecologic systems they reside in can be viewed as a series of nested networks. The most effective new paradigms for treatment will be developed through application of scaled network disruption. Clin Cancer Res; 18(10); 2801–8. ©2012 AACR.
Fibrinogen residue γAla341 is necessary for calcium binding and ‘A-a’ interactions
Authors: Ping Lifang , Song Jaewoo , Hong Sung-Yu , Choi Tae-Youn , Choi Jong-Rak , Gorkun Oleg V. , Lord Susan T. , Park Rojin 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe fibrinogen γ-module has several important sites relating to fibri-nogen function, which include the high affinity calcium binding site, hole ‘a’ that binds with knob ‘A’, and the D:D interface. Residue γAla341, which is located in the vicinity of these sites, is altered in three variant fibrinogens: fibrinogen Seoul (γAla341Asp), Tolaga Bay (γAla341Val), and Lyon III (γAla341Thr). In order to investigate the impaired polymerisation of fibrinogens γAla341Asp and γAla341Val to understand the role of γAla341 in fibrin polymerisation and fibrinogen synthesis, we have expressed γAla341Asp and γAla341Val in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, purified these fibrinogens from the culture media and performed biochemical tests to elucidate their function. Expression in CHO cells was similar for these variants. For both variants the kinetics of thrombin-catalysed FpA release was not different from normal fibrinogen, while FpB release was slower than that of normal. Thrombin-catalysed polymerisation of both variants was dependent on the calcium concentration. At physiologic calcium (1 mM) the variants showed impaired polymerisation with a longer lag period and a slower Vmax than normal fibrinogen. Scanning electron micrographs showed the clots were less organised than normal, having thicker and more twisted fibers, and larger pores. Analysis by SDS-PAGE showed that factor XIIIa-catalysed γ and α chain cross-linking was delayed, and plas-min-catalysed lysis was not reduced by the presence of 5 mM calcium or 5 mM GPRP (Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro). Our data indicate that fibrinogen residue γAla341 is important for the proper conformation of the γ-module, maintaining calcium-binding site and ‘A-a’ interactions.
Eligibility for Intravenous Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Within a Population
Authors: de los Ríos la Rosa Felipe , Khoury Jane , Kissela Brett M. , Flaherty Matthew L. , Alwell Kathleen , Moomaw Charles J. , Khatri Pooja , Adeoye Opeolu , Woo Daniel , Ferioli Simona , Kleindorfer Dawn O. 
Published: March 2012

Background and Purpose—
The publication of the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS III) expanded the treatment time to thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke from 3 to 4.5 hours from symptom onset. The impact of the expanded time window on treatment rates has not been comprehensively evaluated in a population-based study.

Methods—
All patients with an ischemic stroke presenting to an emergency department during calendar year 2005 in the 17 hospitals that compromise the large 1.3 million Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky population were included in the analysis. Criteria for exclusion from thrombolytic therapy are analyzed retrospectively for both the standard and expanded timeframes with varying door-to-needle times.

Results—
During the study period, 1838 ischemic strokes presenting to an emergency department were identified. A small proportion of them arrived in the expanded time window (3.4%) compared with the standard time window (22%). Only 0.5% of those who arrived in this timeframe met eligibility criteria for thrombolysis compared with 5.9% using standard eligibility criteria in the standard timeframe. These results did not vary significantly by repeated analysis varying the door-to-needle time or the expanded time window's exclusion criteria.

Conclusions—
In reality, the expanded time window for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke benefits few patients. If we are to improve recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator administration rates, our focus should be on improving stroke awareness, transport to facilities with ability to administer thrombolysis, and familiarity of physicians with acute stroke treatment guidelines.
Effects of Parameterized Diffusion on Simulated Hurricanes
Authors: Rotunno Richard , Bryan George H. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this study the authors analyze and interpret the effects of parameterized diffusion on the nearly steady axisymmetric numerical simulations of hurricanes presented in a recent study. In that study it was concluded that horizontal diffusion was the most important control factor for the maximum simulated hurricane intensity. Through budget analysis it is shown here that horizontal diffusion is a major contributor to the angular momentum budget in the boundary layer of the numerically simulated storms. Moreover, a new scale analysis recognizing the anisotropic nature of the parameterized model diffusion shows why the horizontal diffusion plays such a dominant role. A simple analytical model is developed that captures the essence of the effect. The role of vertical diffusion in the boundary layer in the aforementioned numerical simulations is more closely examined here. It is shown that the boundary layer in these simulations is consistent with known analytical solutions in that boundary layer depth increases and the amount of “overshoot” (maximum wind in excess of the gradient wind) decreases with increasing vertical diffusion. However, the maximum wind itself depends mainly on horizontal diffusion and is relatively insensitive to vertical diffusion; the overshoot variation with vertical viscosity mainly comes from changes in the gradient wind with vertical viscosity. The present considerations of parameterized diffusion allow a new contribution to the dialog in the literature on the meaning and interpretation of the Emanuel potential intensity theory.
Application of a Macroscale Hydrologic Model to Estimate Streamflow across Southeast Australia
Authors: Zhao Fangfang , Chiew Francis H. S. , Zhang Lu , Vaze Jai , Perraud Jean-Michel , Li Ming 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Reliable predictions of water availability and streamflow characteristics, and the impact of climate and land use change on water availability, are central to water resources planning and management. This paper assesses the application of the widely used macroscale hydrologic model, the three-layer Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC-3L), to estimate daily streamflow in 191 unregulated catchments across southeast Australia and evaluates the regionalization of model parameters to predict streamflow in ungauged catchments. The parameter values in the VIC-3L model are estimated using three methods: default values, optimized values based on model calibration, and regionalized values based on spatial proximity method. The modeled streamflows from VIC-3L are assessed against the observed streamflows from the catchments. The authors discuss the model performance based on different parameter estimation methods and the effects of rainfall regimes on streamflow prediction. Also the implication of using a priori estimates of parameter values versus optimizing parameter values against observed streamflow to predict the impact of climate and land use change on streamflow is discussed. The VIC-3L model can simulate the streamflow in the catchments across southeast Australia reasonably well, with comparable results to those reported for the same region using conceptual rainfall-runoff models. The model performed better in summer-dominant rainfall catchments and wet catchments than in other catchments. The regionalization based on spatial proximity method performed reasonably well, which demonstrated the potential of VIC-3L model to predict streamflow in ungauged catchments in Australia.
Negative Affect Reduces Team Awareness
Authors: Pfaff Mark S. 
Published: March 2012

Objective: This article presents research on the effects of varying mood and stress states on within-team communication in a simulated crisis management environment, with a focus on the relationship between communication behaviors and team awareness. Background: Communication plays a critical role in team cognition along with cognitive factors such as attention, memory, and decision-making speed. Mood and stress are known to have interrelated effects on cognition at the individual level, but there is relatively little joint exploration of these factors in team communication in technologically complex environments. Method: Dyadic communication behaviors in a distributed six-person crisis management simulation were analyzed in a factorial design for effects of two levels of mood (happy, sad) and the presence or absence of a time pressure stressor. Results: Time pressure and mood showed several specific impacts on communication behaviors. Communication quantity and efficiency increased under time pressure, though frequent requests for information were associated with poor performance. Teams in happy moods showed enhanced team awareness, as revealed by more anticipatory communication patterns and more detailed verbal responses to teammates than those in sad moods. Conclusion: Results show that the attention-narrowing effects of mood and stress associated with individual cognitive functions demonstrate analogous impacts on team awareness and information-sharing behaviors and reveal a richer understanding of how team dynamics change under adverse conditions. Application: Disentangling stress from mood affords the opportunity to target more specific interventions that better support team awareness and task performance.
Heavy-Truck Drivers’ Following Behavior With Intervention of an Integrated, In-Vehicle Crash Warning System
Authors: Bao Shan , LeBlanc David J. , Sayer James R. , Flannagan Carol 
Published: March 2012

Objective: This study is designed to evaluate heavy-truck drivers’ following behavior and how a crash warning system influences their headway maintenance. Background: Rear-end crashes are one of the major crash types involving heavy trucks and are more likely than other crash types to result in fatalities. Previous studies have observed positive effects of in-vehicle crash warning systems in passenger car drivers. Although heavy-truck drivers are generally more experienced, driver-related errors are still the leading factors contributing to heavy-truck-related rear-end crashes. Method: Data from a 10-month naturalistic driving study were used. Participants were 18 professional heavy-truck drivers who received warnings during the last 8 months of the study (treatment period) but not during the first 2 months (baseline period). Time headway and driver’s brake reaction time were extracted and compared with condition variables, including one between-subjects variable (driver shift) and five within-subjects variables (treatment condition, roadway types, traffic density, wiper state, and trailer configuration). Results: The presence of warnings resulted in a 0.28-s increase of mean time headway with dense on-road traffic and a 0.20-s increase with wipers on. Drivers also responded to the forward conflicts significantly faster (by 0.26 s, a 15% enhancement) in the treatment condition compared with responses in the baseline condition. Conclusion: Positive effects on heavy-truck drivers’ following performance were observed with the warning system. Application: The installation of such in-vehicle crash warning systems can help heavy-truck drivers keep longer headway distances in challenging situations and respond quicker to potential traffic conflicts, therefore possibly increasing heavy-truck longitudinal driving safety.
(Non)cooperative Dialogues
Authors: Cavicchio Federica , Poesio Massimo 
Published: March 2012

Objective: The effect of emotion on (non)co-operation in unscripted, ecological communication is investigated. Background: The participants in an interaction are generally cooperative in that, for instance, they tend to reduce the chance of misunderstandings in communication. However, it is also clear that cooperation is not complete. Positive and negative emotional states also appear to be connected to the participants’ commitment to cooperate or not, respectively. So far, however, it has proven remarkably difficult to test this because of the lack of entirely objective measurements of both cooperation levels and emotional responses. Method: In this article, the authors present behavioral methods and coding schemes for analyzing cooperation and (surface) indicators of emotions in face-to-face interactions and show that they can be used to study the correlation between emotions and cooperation effectively. Results: The authors observed large negative correlations between heart rate and cooperation, and a group of facial expressions was found to be predictive of the level of cooperation of the speakers. Conclusion: It is possible to develop reliable methods to code for cooperation, and with such coding schemes it is possible to confirm the commonsense prediction that noncooperative behavior by a conversational participant affects the other participant in ways that can be measured quantitatively. Application: These results shed light on an aspect of interaction that is crucial to building adaptive systems able to measure cooperation and to respond to the user’s affective states. The authors expect their methods to be applicable to building and testing such interaction systems.
Femoroacetabular Impingement in Former High-Level Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Johnson Adam C. , Shaman Mark A. , Ryan Thomas G. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can be a source of hip pain in young adults. Repetitive kicking associated with youth soccer may lead to morphologic changes of the proximal femur that predispose a person to the development of FAI. Hypothesis: Young adults who participated in high-level soccer competition as youths are more likely to demonstrate radiographic changes consistent with FAI and to have increased alpha angles as compared with controls. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Pelvic radiographs (anteroposterior and frog-lateral) were obtained on 50 individuals who participated in high-level soccer during skeletal immaturity and 50 controls who did not participate in high-level soccer. There were 25 men and 25 women in each group. All subjects were between 18 and 30 years of age, had a body mass index of less than 30, and had not sought or received treatment for hip disorders. Radiographs were analyzed independently for the presence of FAI, and alpha angles were measured. Hips with alpha angles that measured greater than or equal to 55° were deemed to have cam deformity. Results: Fifteen of the 25 male subjects had evidence of cam deformity, compared with 14 male controls. Nine of the 25 female subjects had evidence of cam deformity, compared with 8 female controls. Neither of these differences was statistically significant. There was a significantly higher prevalence of cam deformity in men as compared with women (29 vs 17, P = .016). Conclusion: Participation in high-level soccer during skeletal immaturity is not associated with a higher risk of development of cam deformity in the young adult years. There is a high prevalence of cam deformity in the young adult population. Males demonstrate a higher prevalence of cam deformity than do females.
Six-degree of freedom active pneumatic table based on time delay control technique
Authors: Sun Jong-Oh , Kim Kwang-joon 
Published: March 2012

Precision equipment is sensitive in general to both horizontal and vertical ground vibrations and, thus, equipment manufacturers specify limits on the vibrations of the floor so that such equipment can be operated satisfactorily. When the floor vibrations are unacceptably high, various types of passive or active vibration isolation tables can be used. A three-degree of freedom active pneumatic table with time delay control was developed for control of heaving, pitching, and rolling motions in a previous study by the authors. The isolation performances achieved were very good for both ground and table excitations in the vertical directions. Limitations of the three-degree of freedom active pneumatic table, however, were that it is vulnerable to excitations of the floor and table in the horizontal directions. Hence, a six-degree of freedom active pneumatic table was required in order to tackle ground and table excitations in the horizontal as well as vertical direction. In this paper, a study on the six-degree of freedom active pneumatic table supported by four air-springs for both vertical and horizontal vibration control is presented. Its performance is evaluated by ground and table excitation tests. The physical meaning of the singular value decomposition approach in transmissibility analysis on a multi-input/multi-output vibration isolation system is presented using a simple two-degree of freedom example and applied to the actual six-degree of freedom active pneumatic table. It is also shown that settling time in the case of table excitations in both vertical and horizontal directions can be effectively reduced by the proposed six-degree of freedom control.
An adaptive strategy for assessing regional consistency in multiregional clinical trials
Authors: Chen Joshua , Quan Hui , Gallo Paul , Ouyang Soo P , Binkowitz Bruce 
Published: March 2012

Background Unexpected regional difference in treatment effect has been reported in recent multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs). This may cause difficulty in interpreting results and can have regulatory implications such as marketing approvals and/or product labels in various markets. Careful consideration of consistency across regions and appropriate plans to address potential regional difference are necessary at the design stage. However, assessment of consistency in treatment effect is generally not the primary objective, and therefore, when there is no strong a priori reason to expect a regional difference, a MRCT is not usually designed to address the regional consistency. Unexpected regional finding may arise and increase the risk of ambiguous or controversial results at the end of the study. Purpose To mitigate this risk, we propose an adaptive strategy for regional assessment based upon accumulated blinded data. Methods If review of accumulated blinded data shows unexpectedly severe imbalance in an intrinsic or extrinsic factor, and further assessment indicates that this factor could be a potential effect modifier as supported by biological plausibility or blinded correlation analysis, a stratified regional analysis controlled for this factor may be specified and documented before database lock. Results The proposed adaptive strategy can help with the interpretation of unexpected regional finding. A recent trial is used to illustrate the approach. Limitations Even if the imbalanced factor may appear to explain away the regional difference, establishment of causal effect is usually difficult and requires more involved effort. Conclusions This approach, by prespecifying the stratified analysis, can reduce the risk of post hoc exaggerated emphases across many possible exploratory analyses and provide greater confidence in the validity of the conclusions. If a causal effect can be established that the apparent regional difference is likely caused by this intrinsic or extrinsic factor, this prespecified analysis can also help guide clinical practice.
Regulatory role of periodontal ligament fibroblasts for innate immune cell function and differentiation
Authors: Konermann Anna , Stabenow Dirk , Knolle Percy A , Held Stefanie AE , Deschner James , Jäger Andreas 
Published: March 2012

Innate immunity is crucial for an effective host defense against pathogenic microorganisms in periodontal tissues. As periodontal ligament (PDL) cells synthesize immunomodulatory cytokines, the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate whether these cells can interact with innate immune cells. Resting and inflammatory primed (IL-1β, TNF-α, HMGB1) human PDL cells were co-cultured with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells or macrophages. Migration, phenotypic maturation and modulation of phagocytosis of Porphyromonas gingivalis by immune cells were investigated upon co-culture with PDL cells and/or their released soluble factors. PDL cells interacted with immune cells under both non-inflammatory and inflammatory conditions. Immune cell migration was significantly enhanced by co-culture with PDL cells, which also affected their phenotypic maturation both through cell-cell contact and through released soluble mediators. The dendritic cell maturation markers CD83 and CD86 were upregulated as much as both ‘alternatively activated’ M2 macrophage maturation markers CD23 and CD163. In contrast, the ‘classically activated’ M1 macrophage maturation marker CD64 was downregulated. Finally, PDL cells significantly enhanced the phagocytosis of Porphyromonas gingivalis by immune cells. Our experiments revealed that PDL cells are not only structural elements of the periodontium, but actively influence immune responses by interaction with innate immune cells.