bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbitrary amplitude Langmuir solitons in a relativistic electron–positron plasma
Authors: LAZARUS I. J. , BHARUTHRAM R. , SINGH S. V. , LAKHINA G. S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe arbitrary amplitude Langmuir solitons are investigated in an unmagnetized, warm, relativistic plasma, consisting of electrons and positrons. Both the species are considered to have equal non-relativistic temperatures, but can have arbitrary relativistic drift speeds, and their dynamics are governed by fluid equations. Using the Sagdeev psuedo-potential approach, the effects of drift speed, Mach number, and thermal temperature on the amplitude and width of the Langmuir solitons are investigated. For the parameters considered, only rarefactive solitons are found. These solitons represent dip in electron density or electron holes in the configuration space. Existence domain of the Langmuir solitons is limited by the minimum and maximum Mach numbers for given parameters. An increase in the electron (positron) temperature leads to an increase in the Langmuir soliton amplitude and their half-widths. On the other hand, increasing the electron (positron) drift speeds results in decreasing soliton amplitudes and their half-widths. For some typical parameters corresponding to the pulsar magnetosphere, namely electron density ~106 cm−3 and electron thermal velocity of one-tenth of the velocity of light, the electric field of the Langmuir solitons can be of the order of (3–24)kV/m. The presence of such large amplitude electrostatic solitary structures may accelerate electrons and positrons and also produce fine structures of (1–5) microseconds in pulsar radio emissions.
The use of cohesive markers in narratives by children with Williams syndrome
Authors: JONES NANCY ELIZABETH 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study examined how children and adolescents with Williams syndrome (WS; ages 8 years, 0 months [8;0]–14;5) used referential devices (determiners and pronouns), tense, and connectives to create cohesion in oral narratives based on a storybook compared to typically developing mentally and chronologically age-matched children. WS children used cohesive devices in narratives similarly to mentally matched children, but their performance differed from the chronologically matched children only for referential cohesion. WS children's grammatical error rates were similar to both the mentally and chronologically matched children. Implications for the characterization of the language profile of individuals with WS and considerations for the focus of future narrative research are discussed.
Communication patterns between internationally adopted children and their mothers: Implications for language development
Authors: GAUTHIER K. , GENESEE F. , DUBOIS M. E. , KASPARIAN K. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study presents findings on patterns of communication between internationally adopted children and their mothers in order to better understand the nature of these interactions and their influence on language learning. We examined maternal language use and joint attention behaviors of mothers and their children in 21 mother–child pairs: 10 pairs included children adopted from China living in francophone families, and 11 included francophone children living with their biological families; all were matched for socioeconomic status, sex, and age. The children were, on average, 15 months of age at initial testing when they were video-taped with their mothers for purposes of describing the mothers’ language use and the mothers’ and children's joint attention behaviors. Vocabulary development was assessed at 15 and again at 20 months of age using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory. The results support the conclusion that adoptive mothers play an active role in promoting and maintaining joint attention and that the redirecting style they used the most and that correlated with their children's later vocabulary development contrasts with the following style that correlates with vocabulary development in nonadopted children raised in mainstream North American families.
Managing identity in early-stage dementia: maintaining a sense of being valued
Authors: STEEMAN E. , TOURNOY J. , GRYPDONCK M. , GODDERIS J. , DE CASTERLÉ B. DIERCKX 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTFocusing on loss or maintenance of identity in persons with dementia may affect how they are approached and cared for. We performed a longitudinal study of 17 elderly persons with early-stage dementia with the aim of exploring changes in the experience of living with dementia. The major theme – a struggle to be valued – was clearly present in follow-up interviews. However, we observed a gradual shift in the concept of being valued: a shift from ‘being valued for what you do’ toward ‘being valued for who you are’. This progression represents a shift from performance-related core values of identity to those that are existentially related. These findings suggest that the self can be maintained by adjusting to loss.
Les représentations identitaires dans le discours normatif des chroniqueurs de langage canadiens-français depuis le milieu du XIXesiècle
Authors: REMYSEN WIM 
Published: December 2011

RÉSUMÉCet article est consacré aux rapports qui existent entre l'identité et la norme en matière de langue dans le discours qu'on trouve sous la plume des chroniqueurs de langage canadiens-français. Notre objectif est d'analyser comment ces derniers définissent l'identité de leurs compatriotes et quelle importance ils accordent à des considérations identitaires dans leur discours à propos du français canadien et de sa légitimité. L'analyse porte sur 12 chroniques, écrites par autant d'auteurs différents, publiées dans la presse canadienne-française entre 1865 et 1996. Les résultats de notre analyse tendent à montrer qu'il ne suffit pas d'étudier comment les chroniqueurs canadiens-français perçoivent l'identité de leurs compatriotes – notamment en termes de degré d'autonomie par rapport à l'identité française – pour comprendre la façon dont ils ont évalué le français au Canada; il faut aussi, et surtout, tenir compte du poids que ces chroniqueurs attribuent à l'identité dans leur conception de la langue si on veut bien comprendre leur façon de définir la norme.
Introduction to the supplement: a holistic approach to hypoplastic left heart syndrome and other evolving challenges in paediatric and congenital cardiac disease
Authors: Jacobs Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis Supplement to Cardiology in the Young represents the ninth annual supplement generated from the two meetings that compose “HeartWeek in Florida”. “HeartWeek in Florida”, the joint collaborative project sponsored by the Cardiac Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, together with All Children's Hospital of Saint Petersburg and the Congenital Heart Institute of Florida, averages over 1000 attendees every year and is now recognized as one of the major planks of continuing medical and nursing education for those working in the fields of diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease in the fetus, neonate, infant, child, and adult. “HeartWeek in Florida” combines the International Symposium on Congenital Heart Disease, now organised by All Children's Hospital and Johns Hopkins Medicine and entering its 12th year, with the Annual Postgraduate Course in Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease organised by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and entering its 16th year. The theme of this supplement generated from the 2011 HeartWeek in Florida is “A Holistic Approach to Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Other Evolving Challenges in Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Disease”. We would like to acknowledge the tremendous contributions made to medicine by Martin Elliott and Gil Wernovsky; and therefore, we dedicate this HeartWeek 2011 Supplement to them.
Neonatal surgical reconstruction and peri-operative care for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: current strategies
Authors: Fuller Stephanie , Ghanayem Nancy , Chai Paul , Nigro John , Kleisli Thomas , Tabbutt Sarah 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe management of newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome has changed significantly over the past three decades, with an associated dramatic improvement in outcomes. The aim of this paper is to discuss current peri-operative and palliative surgical strategies. Owing to the fact that comparative outcomes for these strategies have been addressed in a limited number of prospective trials and extractions from multi-centred databases, the primary focus of this review is descriptive.
Long-term management of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: the diagnostic approach at All Children's Hospital
Authors: Dadlani Gul H. , Braley Katherine , Perez-Colon Elimarys , Stapleton Gary , Crawford Marguerite , Turpin Dima , Wilmot Ivan , Freire Grace , Decker Jamie , Martinez Richard 
Published: December 2011

AbstractImproved survival in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome has created a sub-population of children and young adults who are living with functionally univentricular physiology. Routine surveillance with comprehensive screening for structural cardiac disease, functional cardiac disease, arrhythmias, thromboembolic disease, and associated dysfunction of end organs is important. Future directives will better define the plans of care for routine surveillance in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Developing the evidence base for the new guidelines for reduction of cardiovascular risk for children by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Authors: Gidding Samuel S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn 2006, a process was initiated to develop evidence-based paediatric guidelines directed towards physicians for reduction of cardiovascular risk. In contrast to prior consensus-based guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, this process was to be evidenced based. This manuscript describes the process undertaken to write the evidence-based guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, beginning with the search for evidence, then the process of review of the evidence, and finally the writing of the final document. This manuscript also provides some thoughts on how this process might be adapted in developing guidelines for caring for patients with congenital cardiac disease.
12th Annual C. Walton Lillehei Memorial Lecture in Cardiovascular Surgery: Fontan conversion – the Chicago experience
Authors: Backer Carl L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBetween 1994 and 2011, we performed 133 Fontan conversions with arrhythmia surgery. Most patients had tricuspid atresia or double-inlet left ventricle with prior atriopulmonary connection. Operative mortality was 1.5%, and mean length of stay was 14 days. A total of eight patients (6%) have had late cardiac transplantation. Freedom from arrhythmia recurrence is 85% at 10 years. For properly selected patients with a functionally univentricular heart who have had an atriopulmonary Fontan procedure, Fontan conversion with arrhythmia surgery significantly improves quality of life.
Higher-level canonical subgroups for p-divisible groups
Authors: Rabinoff Joseph 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLet R be a complete rank-1 valuation ring of mixed characteristic (0, p), and let K be its field of fractions. A g-dimensional truncated Barsotti–Tate group G of level n over R is said to have a level-n canonical subgroup if there is a K-subgroup of G ⊗RK with geometric structure (Z/pnZ)g consisting of points ‘closest to zero’. We give a non-trivial condition on the Hasse invariant of G that guarantees the existence of the canonical subgroup, analogous to a result of Katz and Lubin for elliptic curves. The bound is independent of the height and dimension of G.
Bestimmung der Erreichungsquote der Deutschen Suchthilfestatistik auf Basis des DBDD- Einrichtungsregisters
Authors: Süss Beate , Pfeiffer-Gerschel Tim 
Published: December 2011

Fragestellung: In diesem Beitrag werden erstmalig transparente und methodisch nachvollziehbare Ergebnisse zur Berechnung der Erreichungsquote der Deutschen Suchthilfestatistik (DSHS) dargestellt. Errechnungsgrundlage ist ein seit Ende 2006 von der Deutschen Beobachtungsstelle für Drogen und Drogensucht (DBDD) geführtes zentrales Suchthilferegister, das strukturell an dem seit 2007 bundesweit gültigen Deutschen Kerndatensatz zur Dokumentation im Bereich der Suchtkrankenhilfe (KDS) orientiert ist. Erfasst und in Hinblick auf eine DSHS-Teilnahme klassifiziert werden Facheinrichtungen, die einem von 16 im KDS definierten Einrichtungstypen zuzuordnen sind. Methodik: Die Erreichungsquote der DSHS wird für das Aggregierungsjahr 2010 (Datenjahr 2009) über alle berücksichtigten Einrichtungen des Registers hinweg, auf Ebene der einzelnen Einrichtungstypen und analog der Hauptauswertungen der DSHS für den ambulanten und stationären Bereich bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Für den Gesamtdatensatz liegt die Erreichungsquote bei 44 – 51 %. Im ambulanten Bereich werden 69 – 75 %, im stationären Bereich 43 – 48 % der Einrichtungen erreicht. Auffallend hoch ist die Beteiligung im Bereich der Beratungs- und/oder Behandlungsstellen/Fachambulanzen. Bei bestimmten Einrichtungstypen findet sich ein vergleichsweise hoher Prozentsatz an „verdeckt“ aggregierenden Einrichtungen (Einrichtungen, die ihre Daten unter dem Code einer anderen Einrichtung zur Verfügung stellen). Schlussfolgerungen: Kritisch diskutiert werden mögliche Ursachen unterschiedlich hoher Beteiligung und der Art der Teilnahme, die systematische Unterschätzung der Beteiligung bestimmter Einrichtungstypen und Verzerrungen von Daten aufgrund indirekter Teilnahme an der DSHS sowie ein nach wie vor bestehender Aufklärungsbedarf in Hinblick auf Zuständigkeiten im Bereich der Suchthilfestatistik und deren wechselseitige Vernetzung.
Cannabis-bezogene Störungen – epidemiologische und soziodemographische Daten aus ambulanten Suchthilfeeinrichtungen in Deutschland 2000 – 2009
Authors: Kipke Ingo , Steppan Martin , Pfeiffer-Gerschel Tim 
Published: December 2011

Ziel: Die Gruppe der Klienten mit der Hauptdiagnose (HD) Cannabis wird über ein Jahrzehnt (2000 – 2009) beschrieben und mit den Klienten mit anderen HD verglichen. Dabei soll untersucht werden, ob sich soziodemographische und epidemiologische Parameter der Klienten verändert haben. Methodik: Es handelt sich um eine deskriptive Reanalyse der soziodemographischen Daten von Klienten aus ambulanten Suchtberatungs-/-behandlungseinrichtungen in Deutschland, die im Rahmen der Deutschen Suchthilfestatistik (DSHS) dokumentiert wurden. Die Datenerhebung orientiert sich am neuen Deutschen Kerndatensatz zur Dokumentation in der Suchthilfe. Die Zahl der betrachteten Fälle pro Jahr lag zwischen 51.840 aus 368 Einrichtungen (2001) und 152.154 aus 779 Einrichtungen (2009). Ergebnisse: Der Anteil der Klienten mit einer primären Cannabisproblematik hat sich von 2000 (6,3 %) bis 2009 (13,5 %) deutlich vergrößert, 2009 beträgt die Gesamtzahl 20.599 Fälle. Es zeigen sich folgende Parameter zur aktuellen Lebenssituation: Fast zwei Drittel der Klienten mit HD Cannabis sind alleinstehend. Der Anteil der Cannabisklienten in prekärer Wohnsituation hat sich von 2002 (0,5 %) nach 2003 (1,1 %) verdoppelt. Seitdem sind die Werte von leichten Schwankungen abgesehen stabil. Fast ein Sechstel der Cannabisklienten hat zwischen 2007 und 2009 die Schule ohne Schulabschluss oder mit Sonderschulabschluss beendet. Die Arbeitslosigkeit hat sich unter den Klienten mit HD Cannabis zwischen 2000 (18,1 %) und 2007 (42,0 %) mehr als verdoppelt und ist seitdem nahezu unverändert hoch (2009: 43,6 %). Schlussfolgerungen: Der seit 2000 deutlich gestiegene Anteil der Klienten mit HD Cannabis an allen Klienten steht möglicherweise in Beziehung mit der gestiegenen Zahl spezieller Programme zur Behandlung von Cannabis bezogenen Störungen. Der hohe Anteil an alleinstehenden Cannabisklienten ist vor allem auf das unterdurchschnittliche Alter im Vergleich zu den anderen Klienten zurückzuführen. Auch wenn sich der Anteil von Klienten in prekärer Wohnsituation seit 2000 mehr als verdoppelt hat (von ca. 0,5 % auf mehr als 1 %), befanden sich 2009 doch mindestens 85 % in stabilen Wohnverhältnissen. Die aktuelle berufliche Situation der Klienten ist besorgniserregend. Daher scheinen Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der hohen Arbeitslosigkeit, insbesondere unter den jüngeren Klienten mit HD Cannabis, angezeigt. Sinnvoll wären Frühinterventionen, die speziell auf das Setting „Schule, Ausbildungsplatz, Berufsberatung“ zugeschnitten sind. Dazu sind intensivere Anstrengungen und Kooperationen von Suchthilfeeinrichtungen, Sozialämtern, Jugendhilfe und Arbeitsagenturen nötig.
Role Of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Pediatric Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Savino A. , Salvatore R. , Cafarotti A. , Cecamore C. , De Sanctis S. , Angelucci D. , Mohn A. , Chiarelli F. , Pelliccia P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is a rare disease characterized by the infiltration of one or more layers of the digestive tract by eosinophilic leukocytes. The diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination of a characteristic biopsy, but radiological features are useful for diagnostic suspicion. We report the case of an adolescent boy with recurrent epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, in whom sonographic features and eosinophilia of the peripheral blood suggested the diagnosis of EG. Moreover, we reviewed the radiological features of EG with particular regard to the role of sonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of EG, especially in children. We emphasize the utility of sonography in pediatric patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms, since it may provide useful information in a quick, inexpensive and noninvasive way. Ultrasonographic detection of features such as bowel wall thickness, ascites and peritoneal nodules may be largely suggestive of EG and may prevent other invasive exams and abdominal surgery. Ultrasonography can also be easily used in the follow-up of these patients, and may obviate the frequent and potentially dangerous exposure to radiation.
Real-Time Elastography of Hepatic Thermal Lesions In Vitro: Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Wiggermann P. , Jung E.-M. , Glöckner S. , Hoffstetter P. , Uller W. , Vasilj A. , Schreyer A. , Stroszczynski C. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of elastography, a new ultrasonographic method, for delineating thermal lesion boundaries in porcine liver tissue by comparing lesion dimensions determined by real-time elastography with the findings at gross pathology.
Materials and Methods: A total of 15 thermal lesions with diameters ranging from 17 to 60 mm were created using radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Color-coded elastography was performed by one experienced examiner, using a 6 – 15 MHz high frequency linear transducer (LOGIQ E9, GE). Lesions were examined using B-mode and real-time elastography (RTE). Lesion detection, delineation and size were assessed using B-mode and RTE immediately after each thermal ablation ( < 5 min). Measurements of the sections representing the same image plane used for elastography were taken during pathologic examination and compared to the measurements obtained from the elastograms.
Results: In our sample a statistically significant correlation in vitro between RTE and pathological measurements with respect to the lesion’s principal axis and area (r2 = 0.9338 long axis, r2 = 0.8998 short axis and r2 = 0.9676 area) was found. Overall, elastography slightly underestimated the lesion size, as judged by the digitalized pathologic images.
Conclusion: These results support that RTE outperforms conventional B-mode ultrasound and could potentially be used for the routine assessment of thermal therapies.
Typographical Translations: Spanish Refashioning of Lipsius'sPoliticorum libri sex*
Authors: Peraita Carmen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe typographical language of Justus Lipsius'sPoliticorum libri sex(1589) is a crucial element for understanding itscompositio. The page layout, designed by Lipsius (1547–1606) probably in collaboration with his printer, displayed the author's inventive methods and writing strategies. All Latin editions of thePoliticafollowed the precise typographic design of the editio princeps. The work was disseminated across seventeenth-century Europe by different printers without changes to its fundamental material features, including its typography. Something different happened, however, with the various vernacular editions of thePolitica. All of them redesigned Lipsius's typography. These editions refashioned the display ofsententiaeand provided visual uniformity to the page, transforming the text from a compendium of interrelated commonplaces into a dense treatise. In this article I focus on the changes and accommodations evidenced in Bernardino de Mendoza's Spanish translation. In this case, an exceptional document survived that allows one to examine the different interventions in the process of accommodation of thePolitica:the printer's copy and the manuscript supervised by Mendoza, approved and licensed by the Council of Castile, and used by the Imprenta Real in Madrid to printLos seis libros de las Políticas(1604).
M3: an improved SNP calling algorithm for Illumina BeadArray data
Authors: Li Gengxin , Gelernter Joel , Kranzler Henry R. , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Summary: Genotype calling from high-throughput platforms such as Illumina and Affymetrix is a critical step in data processing, so that accurate information on genetic variants can be obtained for phenotype–genotype association studies. A number of algorithms have been developed to infer genotypes from data generated through the Illumina BeadStation platform, including GenCall, GenoSNP, Illuminus and CRLMM. Most of these algorithms are built on population-based statistical models to genotype every SNP in turn, such as GenCall with the GenTrain clustering algorithm, and require a large reference population to perform well. These approaches may not work well for rare variants where only a small proportion of the individuals carry the variant. A fundamentally different approach, implemented in GenoSNP, adopts a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based model to infer genotypes of all the SNPs in one individual, making it an appealing alternative to call rare variants. However, compared to the population-based strategies, more SNPs in GenoSNP may fail the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium test. To take advantage of both strategies, we propose a two-stage SNP calling procedure, named the modified mixture model (M3), to improve call accuracy for both common and rare variants. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through applications to genotype calling on a set of HapMap samples used for quality control purpose in a large case–control study of cocaine dependence. The increase in power with M3 is greater for rare variants than for common variants depending on the model.
Availability: M3 algorithm: http://bioinformatics.med.yale.edu/group.
Contact: name@bio.com; hongyu.zhao@yale.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
How to do (or not to do) … Tracking data on development assistance for health
Authors: Grépin Karen A , Leach-Kemon Katherine , Schneider Matthew , Sridhar Devi 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Development assistance for health (DAH) has increased substantially in recent years and is seen as important to the improvement of health and health systems in developing countries. As a result, there has been increasing interest in tracking and understanding these resource flows from the global health community. A number of datasets, each with its own strengths and weaknesses, are available to track DAH. In this article we review the available datasets on DAH and summarize the strengths and weaknesses of each of these datasets to help researchers make the best choice of which to use to inform their analysis. Finally, we also provide recommendations about how each of these datasets could be improved.