bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feed‐control development for succinic acid production with Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens
Authors: Bretz Karlheinz , Kabasci Stephan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of this work was the development of a feed‐control for a succinic acid production fed‐batch process. The performed batch trials indicated a correlation between succinic acid production and base consumption pH control. Based on the metabolism of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, a theoretical correlation between base consumption and glucose feed was established and proved in cultivation trials. With the established fed‐batch process, the succinic acid yield could be increased to 0.875 (g/g glucose) in comparison to batch processes (0.60) with similar glucose concentrations. Additionally, the results indicate that the osmolarity of the medium has a significant influence on succinic acid production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1187–1192. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inactivation of Glucosamine‐6‐Phosphate Synthase by N3‐Oxoacyl Derivatives of L‐2,3‐Diaminopropanoic Acid
Authors: Jędrzejczak Robert , Wojciechowski Marek , Andruszkiewicz Ryszard , Sowiński Paweł , Kot‐Wasik Agata , Milewski Sławomir 
Published: November 2011

AbstractN3‐Oxoacyl derivatives of L‐2,3‐diaminopropanoic acid 1–4, containing either an epoxide group or a conjugated double bond system, inactivate Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucosamine‐6‐phosphate (GlcN‐6‐P) synthase in a time‐ and concentration dependent manner. The results of kinetics studies on inactivation suggested a biphasic course, with formation of the enzyme–ligand complex preceding irreversible modification of the enzyme. The examined compounds differed markedly in their affinity to the enzyme active site. Inhibitors containing a phenyl ketone moiety bound much more strongly than their methyl ketone counterparts. The molecular mechanism of enzyme inactivation by phenyl ketone compounds 1 and 3 was elucidated by using a stepwise approach with 2D NMR, MS and UV–visible spectroscopy. A substituted thiazine derivative was identified as the final product of a model reaction between an epoxide compound, 1, and L‐cysteine ethyl ester (CEE); and the respective cyclic product, found as a result of reaction between 1 and CGIF tetrapeptide, was identical to the N‐terminal fragment of GlcN‐6‐P synthase. On the other hand, the reaction of a double‐bond‐containing compound, 3, with CEE, CGIF and GlcN‐6‐P synthase led to the formation of a CS bond, without any further conversion or rearrangement. Molecular mechanisms of the reactions studied are proposed.
Subtle Ligand Effects in Oxidative Photocatalysis with Iridium Complexes: Application to Photopolymerization
Authors: Lalevée Jacques , Peter Mathieu , Dumur Frédéric , Gigmes Didier , Blanchard Nicolas , Tehfe Mohamad‐Ali , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Fouassier Jean Pierre 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIridium(III) complexes were designed and evaluated as efficient photoinitiators of polymerization reactions in combination with iodonium salts and silanes. Mechanistically, these reactions were shown to proceed through oxidative photoredox catalysis, generating aryl and silyl radicals under very soft irradiation conditions (blue LED, xenon lamp, and even sunlight). These radicals can initiate the free radical polymerization of acrylates or can be oxidized during the catalytic cycle to promote the ring‐opening polymerization of epoxy monomers. Remarkably, both the (photo)chemical reactivity and the practical efficiency are dramatically affected by the ligands. In addition, the central role played by the oxidation ability of the excited state of the photocatalyst is discussed.
Diffusion and Growth of Metal Clusters in Nanocomposites: A Kinetic Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Rosenthal L. , Filinov A. , Bonitz M. , Zaporojtchenko V. , Faupel F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNoble metals that are deposited on a polymer surface exhibit surface diffusion and diffusion into the bulk. At the same time the metal atoms tend to form clusters because their cohesive energy is about two orders of magnitude higher than the cohesive energy of polymers. To selfconsistently simulate these coupled processes, we present in this paper a Kinetic Monte Carlo approach. Using a simple model with diffusion coefficients taken as input parameters allows us to perform a systematic study of the behavior of a large ensemble of metal atoms on a polymer surface eventually leading to polymer nanocomposites. Special emphasis is placed on the cluster growth, cluster size distribution and the penetration of clusters into the substrate. We also study the influence of surface defects and analyze how the properties of the resulting material can be controlled by variation of the deposition rate (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modellers' and Outreach Professionals' Views on the Role of Models in Watershed Management
Authors: Webler Thomas , Tuler Seth , Dietz Thomas 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTNitrogen loading models are often designed and built without any input from decision‐makers. Better understanding and communication between modellers and decision‐makers would improve the usefulness of models. In interviews with 16 modellers and outreach professionals in southern New England, USA, we inquired about how nitrogen‐loading models should be designed and used in local decision‐making. Qualitative analysis revealed several insights about: differences between models intended to advance science and those to advance policy‐making; matching the scale of the model with that of the decision; the danger that models might promote technocracy; how to present uncertainty information; ecological transferability and social acceptance of models to new locales; involvement of local decision‐makers and citizens in the design of models; and the use of models by lay decision‐makers. The findings highlight both opportunities and obstacles to the use of models in local policy‐making. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Developments in coupled solid‐phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis 2009–2011
Authors: Ramautar Rawi , de Jong Gerhardus J. , Somsen Govert W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the design and application of coupled solid‐phase extraction‐capillary electrophoresis (SPE‐CE) systems that have been reported in the literature between January 2009 and July 2011. The present paper is an update of two previous review papers covering the years 2000–2009 (Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 108–128; Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 44–54). Both in‐line and on‐line SPE‐CE approaches are treated and outlined. Attention is paid to emerging technological developments, such as the use of carbon nanotubes and magnetic particles for on‐line extraction of sample components prior to CE analysis. Selected examples illustrate the applicability of SPE‐CE in biomedical, pharmaceutical, environmental and food analysis. A full overview of recent SPE‐CE studies is given in table format, providing information about sample type, SPE sorbent, coupling mode, detection mode and limit of detection. Finally, some general conclusions and future perspectives are given.
ALU and LINE‐1 hypomethylations in multistep gastric carcinogenesis and their prognostic implications
Authors: Bae Jeong Mo , Shin So‐Hyun , Kwon Hyeong‐Ju , Park Seog‐Yun , Kook Myeong Cherl , Kim Young‐Woo , Cho Nam‐Yun , Kim Nayoung , Kim Tae‐You , Kim Donguk , Kang Gyeong Hoon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFocal CpG island hypermethylation and diffuse genomic hypomethylation signify the changes in the DNA methylation status in cancer cells. ALU and LINE‐1 repetitive DNA elements comprise ∼28% of the human genome. PCR‐based measurements of these repetitive DNA elements can be used as a surrogate marker of the genomewide methylation content. Our study aimed to identify the timing of ALU and LINE‐1 hypomethylations during multistep gastric carcinogenesis and their prognostic implications in gastric cancer (GC). In our study, we analyzed the methylation statuses of ALU and LINE‐1 in 249 cases of gastric biopsy samples and another independent set of 198 cases of advanced GC by pyrosequencing. Regardless of the Helicobacter pylori infection status, a significant decrease in the ALU methylation levels was noted during the transitions from chronic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia and from gastric adenoma to GC. LINE‐1 methylation decreased during the transition from intestinal metaplasia to gastric adenoma and no further decrease occurred during the transition from gastric adenoma to GC. A low LINE‐1 methylation status was strongly associated with poor prognosis in GC. A multivariate analysis revealed that LINE‐1 methylation status was an independent prognostic factor. Our findings suggest that ALU and LINE‐1 hypomethylations are early events during multistep gastric carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the LINE‐1 methylation status can be used as a molecular biomarker to define a subset of GC patients with poor prognosis.
Thin Film Growth on Quasicrystalline Surfaces
Authors: Fournée Vincent , Ledieu Julian , Shimoda Masahiko , Krajčí Marian , Sharma Hem‐Raj , McGrath Ronan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe surfaces of quasicrystals have proved to be a very interesting playground for thin film growth. They offer a complex potential energy surface where heterogeneous nucleation of islands at specific quasilattice sites is frequently observed. These islands tend to locally adopt the symmetry of the quasicrystalline substrate. For some specific adsorbates, a complete 2‐dimensional quasiperiodic metal overlayer is even formed. Other interesting phenomena are also observed in the multilayer regime. This includes the formation of novel structures, like 1‐dimensional quasiperiodic Cu films or Bi allotropes, the formation of nanoscale crystalline domains with 5‐fold rotational epitaxy, or the occurrence of quantum size effects influencing the film morphology. This article presents a short review of some of the achievements in thin film growth on quasicrystalline surfaces that the discovery of quasicrystals by Dan Shechtman has enabled.
Differential growth on sutures of tendon cells derived from torn human rotator cuff
Authors: Hakimi Osnat , Chaudhury Salma , Murphy Richard , Carr Andrew 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRotator cuff tendon pathology is proposed to account for 30–70% of all shoulder pain and surgical repair with a nonabsorbable suture is the common option for painful rotator cuff tears that have failed conservative treatment. A number of studies have suggested the beneficial effect of augmenting the repair with implants constructed from polymers used for sutures. Thus, it was of interest to investigate the affinity of tendon‐derived fibroblasts, often thought to be the repairing agents of torn tendons, to commonly used sutures. The aim of this comparative study was to evaluate the suitability of these sutures for the construction of a patch by measuring cell survival, proliferation, and migration of human tendon‐derived fibroblasts on different sutures. To ensure relevance to the target tissue, cells used in this study were obtained from torn human supraspinatus tendons. An initial comparison of cell proliferation on suture mats showed an overall positive proliferation on polyester (Ethibond) and polydioxanone (PDSII) mats and a reduction of proliferation on vicryl (polyglactin 910) compared to day one. The results also showed that the degradation products of vicryl had a negative effect on cell growth over 10 weeks. Of the commercial sutures selected and tested, Ethibond showed the best performance in terms of cell attachment and increase in biomass. The degradable PDSII also showed good interaction with cells in vitro, but relatively poor cell adhesion. This study provides useful and clinically relevant information, which could help to guide future considerations for candidate materials from which to construct tissue repair patches. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Transition of care: What Is the pediatric hospitalist's role? An exploratory survey of current attitudes
Authors: Collins Shelley Wells , Reiss John , Saidi Arwa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVE:Survey of current attitudes of pediatric hospitalists related to transition of care.METHODS:We developed and piloted a survey that was validated by an expert on transition. It was introduced it to the AAP/Pediatric Hospital Medicine Listserv using Survey MonkeyTM. Any participant who agreed to the informed consent was included in the survey.RESULTS:Patients aged 16–17 with chronic medical conditions were taken care of by pediatric hospitalists 70% of the time. Patients aged 18–20 were cared for by pediatric hospitalists 36.8% of the time. Advantages of hospitalist participation in healthcare transition include improved continuity of care and quality of care. The biggest impediments might be lack of time and resources. Most surveyed would be interested in a web based educational module to develop their understanding of healthcare transition.CONCLUSION:The survey provides a snapshot of current attitudes of pediatric hospitalist involvement in transition of care. Pediatric hospitalists are interested in participating in healthcare transition. Although more research is needed to compare current models of transition services and a hospitalist model, the perception for inpatients is that better quality of care can be expected. Targeted educational modules might provide a foundation for pediatric hospitalists to build their scope of practice to include transition services. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Reconstruction of the pulmonary trunk via cardiopulmonary bypass in extended resection of locally advanced lung malignancies
Authors: Mei Jiandong , Pu Qiang , Zhu Yunke , Ma Lin , Ren Fuqiang , Che Guowei , Liu Lunxu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study is to summarize our improvement of surgical procedures for radical resection of left hilar tumors involving the pulmonary trunk and determine its clinical feasibility.MethodsFrom 2001 to 2008, four patients were selected for curative extended resection through multidisciplinary assessment and the pulmonary trunk was reconstructed via cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Surgical procedures were performed with posterolateral thoracotomy for two patients and anterolateral thoracotomy for the remaining two. CPB was performed via femoral artery‐femoral vein cannulation on one patient and right atrial‐aortic cannulation on the other three patients. Polytetrafluoroethylene patch or autologous pericardium was applied for reconstruction in different patients.ResultsThe duration of the operations ranged from 300 to 440 min and with CPB lasting 35–106 min. Three patients developed non‐specific complications with no mortalities and discharged within 12–17 days. One patient had no evidence of recurrence during 50 months follow‐up. Three patients died of metastasis 5, 14, and 35 months after surgery.ConclusionsCPB‐supported extended resection of lung malignancies involving the pulmonary trunk is feasible. Left anterolateral thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space with right atrial‐aortic cannulation would be the convenient approach. Survival may be prolonged in some selected patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:311–315. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acid‐induced transient isotachophoretic stacking of basic drugs in co‐electroosmotic flow capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Quirino Joselito P. , Breadmore Michael C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOnline sample concentration or stacking of basic drugs by transient isotachophoresis with the injection of an acid in co‐electroosmotic flow capillary zone electrophoresis was studied experimentally and with computer simulation. The acid stacking strategy afforded an order of magnitude improvement in concentration sensitivity for model tricyclic antidepressant and β blocker drugs.
Effects of microgel content and n‐methylolacrylamide on the properties of microgel composite hydrogels prepared by postcrosslinking method
Authors: Zhao Fang , Qin Xuping , Feng Shengyu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAcrylamide co 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid microgel composite (MC) hydrogels were prepared by heating MC polymer with 50% water content. Crosslinking reaction occurred in the heating process and reactive microgels with hydroxymethyl groups introduced by N‐methylolacrylamide (NMA) were used as postcrosslinkers. Microgel swollen size is influenced by NMA content. Both microgel and its NMA content affect MC hydrogel properties, which relates to the crosslinking chain length and the crosslinking density. The tensile strength of MC hydrogels increases and their elongation decreases as the microgel content increases from 0.1 to 0.5 g. Both the tensile strength and the elongation decrease as the microgel content further increases from 0.5 to 1.1 g. The MC hydrogel tensile strength increases and the elongation decreases as the NMA content of microgels increases from 5.0 to 14.8%. However, they both decrease when the NMA content of microgels exceeds 14.8%. Although the crosslinking chains υ calculated from tensile stress–strain curves were very high, MC hydrogels were elastic and had the highest tensile strength of 127 kPa and considerably moderate elongation of 427%. Their excellent mechanical properties attributed to their unique structure crosslinked by microgel particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Digoxin doses over 125μg daily in vulnerable patient groups
Authors: Spencer Rachel , Serumaga Brian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this series we present a number of prescribing safety indicators developed as part of an RCGP project.1 The evidence base behind each of the indicators is given along with information to illustrate their clinical significance. We provide a ‘real‐life’ audit based on the indicator to show how practices could begin to analyse their own prescribing data. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
A consensus‐based strategy to improve the quality of fault localization
Authors: Debroy Vidroha , Wong W. Eric 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA vast number of software fault localization techniques have been proposed recently with the growing realization that manual debugging is time‐consuming, tedious, and error‐prone, and fault localization is one of the most expensive debugging activities. Although some techniques perform better than others on a large number of data sets, they do not do so on all data sets and therefore, the actual quality of fault localization can vary considerably by using just one technique. This paper proposes the use of a consensus‐based strategy that combines the results of multiple fault localization techniques to consistently provide high quality performance, irrespective of data set. Empirical evidence based on case studies conducted on six sets of programs (seven programs of the Siemens suite, and the gzip, grep, make, space, and Ant programs) and three different fault localization techniques (Tarantula, Ochiai, and H3) suggests that the consensus‐based strategy holds merit and generally provides close to the best, if not the best, results. Empirically, we show that this is true of both single‐fault and multifault programs. Additionally, the consensus‐based strategy makes use of techniques that all operate on the same set of input data, minimizing the overhead. It is also simple to include or exclude techniques from consensus, making it an easily extensible or tractable strategy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibration signal analysis for condition monitoring of puffer‐type high‐voltage circuit breakers using wavelet transform
Authors: Charbkaew Noppadol , Suwanasri Thanapong , Bunyagul Teratam , Schnettler Armin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNowadays, the goals of electrical supply utilities are to reduce equipment failures, extend service life, increase equipment reliability, and reduce their related operating and maintenance costs. The high‐voltage circuit breaker is an important element in the electrical network. In order to determine or to detect abnormal conditions inside a circuit breaker, powerful vibration analytical techniques have been proposed. In this paper, a vibrational analysis is carried out by analyzing the signal in the time–frequency domain under no‐load switching operations with a commercially available high‐voltage puffer‐type circuit breaker without opening its major parts. Vibration of the circuit breaker poles, operating mechanism, and various monitored parameters were recorded under normal and variable operating conditions. Moreover, a synthetic mechanical damage introduced deliberately is also investigated. The experimental result indicates that mechanical defects can be detected by analyzing the vibration signal. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transition to oscillatory flow in a differentially heated cavity with a conducting partition
Authors: Williamson N. , Armfield S. W. , Kirkpatrick M. P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNumerical evidence is presented for previously unreported flow behaviour in a two-dimensional rectangular side-heated cavity partitioned in the centre by vertical wall with an infinite conductivity. In this flow heat is transferred between both sides of the cavity through the conducting wall with natural convection boundary layers forming on all vertical surfaces. Simulations have been conducted over the range of Rayleigh numbers $\mathit{Ra}= 0. 6\text{{\ndash}} 1. 6\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{10} $ at Prandtl number $\mathit{Pr}= 7. 5$ and at aspect ratios of $H/ W= 1\text{{\ndash}} 2$ where $H$ and $W$ are the height and width of the cavity. It was found that the thermal coupling of the boundary layers on either side of the conducting partition causes the cavity flow to become absolutely unstable for a Rayleigh number at which otherwise similar non-partitioned cavity flow is steady but convectively unstable. Additionally, unlike the non-partitioned cavity, which eventually bifurcates to a multi-modal oscillatory regime, this bifurcation is manifested as a single mode oscillation with ${f}^{+ } = f{\nu }^{1/ 3} / \mathop{ (g\ensuremath{\beta} \mrm{\Delta} \theta )}\nolimits ^{2/ 3} \approx 0. 0145$, where $ \mrm{\Delta} \theta $ is the temperature difference between the hot and cold walls, $g$ is the gravitational acceleration, $f$ is the oscillation frequency and $\nu $ and $\ensuremath{\beta} $ are the fluid viscosity and coefficient of thermal expansion respectively. The critical Rayleigh number for this transition occurs between $\mathit{Ra}= 1. 0\text{{\ndash}} 1. 2\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{10} $ for $H/ W= 2$ and $\mathit{Ra}= 1. 2\text{{\ndash}} 1. 4\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{10} $ for $H/ W= 1$, indicating that the instability has an aspect ratio dependence.
Mobile phone communication in effective human elephant–conflict management in Laikipia County, Kenya
Authors: Graham Maximilian D. , Adams William M. , Kahiro Gabriel N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHuman–elephant conflict is a significant problem in Africa, undermining biodiversity conservation and development efforts. Early warning of crop raiding and a coordinated response from landholders and wildlife authorities are important for effective management of this conflict. Mobile phones have spread rapidly in rural Africa and could potentially be used to improve communication and increase the effectiveness of responses to crop raids by elephants. We analyse changes in patterns of communication around human–elephant conflict incidents before and after the arrival of mobile phone technology in Laikipia County in north-central Kenya, and the performance of mobile phone communication in a trial at three sites. We show that mobile phones can improve communication and reduce human–elephant conflict where there is good mobile coverage and widespread adoption. Conservation projects have much to gain from engaging with mobile phone technology.