bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Working Memory Load and Repeated Scenario Exposure on Emergency Braking Performance
Authors: Engström Johan , Aust Mikael Ljung , Viström Matias 
Published: September 2010

Objective: The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of working memory load on drivers’ responses to a suddenly braking lead vehicle and whether this effect (if any) is moderated by repeated scenario exposure. Background: Several experimental studies have found delayed braking responses to lead vehicle braking events during concurrent performance of nonvisual, working memory—loading tasks, such as hands-free phone conversation. However, the common use of repeated, and hence somewhat expected, braking events may undermine the generalizability of these results to naturalistic, unexpected, emergency braking scenarios. Method: A critical lead vehicle braking scenario was implemented in a fixed-based simulator. The effects of working memory load and repeated scenario exposure on braking performance were examined. Results: Brake response time was decomposed into accelerator pedal release time and accelerator-to-brake pedal movement time. Accelerator pedal release times were strongly reduced with repeated scenario exposure and were delayed by working memory load with a small but significant amount (178 ms). The two factors did not interact. There were no effects on accelerator-to-brake pedal movement time. Conclusion:The results suggest that effects of working memory load on response performance obtained from repeated critical lead vehicle braking scenarios may be validly generalized to real world unexpected events. Application: The results have important implications for the interpretation of braking performance in experimental settings, in particular in the context of safety-related evaluation of in-vehicle information and communication technologies.
A survey of verbal and physical assaults towards psychiatrists in Turkey
Authors: Altınbaş Kürşat , Altınbaş Gülçin , Türkcan Ahmet , Oral E. Timuçin , Walters James 
Published: September 2010

Background: Assaults on health professionals have been an area of burgeoning clinical and political interest in recent years. There is now a body of literature suggesting that violence towards psychiatrists is more common than to other doctors. Thus far the vast majority of research in this area has been conducted in Western European and North American clinical settings. For the first time, this study examines this issue in the context of Turkish psychiatric settings. Objective: (i) The study aims to detect the prevalence of verbal and physical assaults towards psychiatrists in Turkey. (ii) It aims to compare the experience of verbal and physical assaults according to the gender and training experience of psychiatrists. (iii) The paper intends to investigate how psychiatrists reacted to and appraised the experience of violence. Methods: A questionnaire was prepared to evaluate violence towards psychiatrists (adapted from the Overt Agression Scale). The questionaire was administered to psychiatric specialists and residents working in state hospitals, research and training hospitals, mental health hospitals and university psychiatry clinics. A response rate of 93% was achieved with 186 out of 200 psychiatrsits approached completing the study questionnaire. Results: Of all the psychiatrists who responded, 71% reported having experienced verbal or physical assaults during their professional life (verbal assaults only (19.9%), physical assaults only (2.7%) and both (48.4%)). Of these, 26% suffered injury to at least a mild degree. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender and workplace. In spite of the extremely high rates of aggression and violence towards psychiatrists, roughly 50% perceived these acts a normal part of their job and only 5% formally reported the violent incident. Conclusion: The majority of psychiatrists described having been victims of verbal and physical assaults although half perceived aggression and violence as a normal part of their job. Levels of reporting of violence were very low in the context of this study. Studies such as this provide evidence to inform the development of improved management of violence and may encourage psychiatrists to report violence.
Reliability of the Camberwell Assessment of Need for South African mental health service users
Authors: Flisher Alan , Sorsdahl Katherine , Joska John 
Published: September 2010

Background: The Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) is a widely used instrument to assess the service needs for people with a severe mental illness. No reliability data are available for its use in South Africa. Method: Interrater and test-retest reliability were documented for a sub-sample of 194 patients participating in a needs assessment study among people receiving mental health services. Initially, the CAN was administered by one field worker, while another observed and also made ratings. The participant was then re-interviewed approximately one week after the initial interview. Results: With the exception of ‘psychotic symptoms’ ( κ = -0.4) and ‘looking after home’ ( κ = 0.008), Cohen’s κ coefficients for interrater reliability ranged from 0.150 to 0.760 for Section 1 of the CAN. Test-retest reliabilities for Section 1 resulted in moderate to substantial agreement, with Cohen’s κ coefficient ranging from 0.25 to 0.81. High correlations were reported for the test-retest reliabilities of the remaining sections of the CAN ( r = 0.719–0.845). However, the figures for the interrater reliabilities were lower and more variable ( r = −0.082–0.408). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that with additional interviewer training, the CAN is a relatively reliable instrument for assessing the needs of youths with severe mental illness.
Transfusions increase with nationally driven reimbursement changes of erythropoiesis stimulating agents for chemotherapy-induced anemia
Authors: Yu Janny ManYan , Shord Stacy S , Cuellar Sandra 
Published: September 2010

Background. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a national coverage determination (NCD) in July 2007, which imposed restrictions on the reimbursement of ESAs for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. Since a majority of our patients are Medicare or Medicaid beneficiaries, we changed our clinical practice regarding the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) to coincide with the NCD’s reimbursement restriction. Objective. To evaluate the number of transfusions in patients diagnosed with chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) receiving ESAs before and after the clinical practice was changed at the University of Illinois Medical Center (UIMC). Methods. The medical records of all adult patients diagnosed with a nonmyeloid malignancy and CIA who received an ESA between July 2006 and June 2008 at the UIMC were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups: patients in receipt of ESAs BEFORE (group 1) and AFTER (group 2). The number of transfusions, the response rates to chemotherapy and ESAs therapy, and overall survival were compared. Results. Medical records for 110 patients were reviewed. More transfusions were given to patients AFTER we implemented the change in clinical practice (BEFORE 18 transfusions vs. AFTER 52 transfusions, p = 0.004). More patients responded to ESA therapy AFTER we implemented the change (67% vs. 83%, p = NS). The treatment response to chemotherapy and overall survival were similar between the two groups. Conclusion. The primary goal of reducing the number of transfusions in patients with CIA by administering ESAs cannot be met when clinical practice coincides with the NCD.
IL-21 induces death of marginal zone B cells during chronic inflammation
Authors: Tortola Luigi , Yadava Koshika , Bachmann Martin F. , Müller Christoph , Kisielow Jan , Kopf Manfred 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-21 share activities in the control of T- and B-cell maturation, proliferation, function, and survival. However, opposing roles for IL-2 and IL-21 have been reported in the development of regulatory T cells. To dissect unique, redundant, and opposing activities of IL-2 and IL-21, we compared T- and B-cell development and function in mice lacking both IL-2 receptor α (IL-2Rα) and IL-21R (double knockouts [DKO]) with single knockout and wild-type (WT) mice. Similarly to il2ra−/− mice, DKO showed reduced numbers of regulatory T cells and, consequently, hyper-activation and proliferation of T cells associated with inflammatory disease (ie, colitis), weight loss, and reduced survival. The absence of IL-2Rα resulted in overproduction of IL-21 by IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells, which induced apoptosis of marginal zone (MZ) B cells. Hence, MZ B cells and MZ B-cell immunoglobulin M antibody responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae phosophorylcholine were absent in il2ra−/− mice but were completely restored in DKO mice. Our results highlight key roles of IL-2 in inhibiting IL-21 production by CD4+ T cells and of IL-21 in negatively regulating MZ B-cell survival and antibody production.
African-American inflammatory bowel disease in a Southern U.S. health center
Authors: Veluswamy Hemanth , Suryawala Kunal , Sheth Ankur , Wells Shannon , Salvatierra Erik , Cromer Walter , Chaitanya Ganta V , Painter Annette , Patel Mihir , Manas Kenneth , Zwank Ellenmarie , Boktor Moheb , Baig Kondal , Datti Balaji , Mathis Michael J , Minagar Alireza , Jordan Paul A , Alexander Jonathan S 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) remain significant health problems in the US and worldwide. IBD is most often associated with eastern European ancestry, and is less frequently reported in other populations of African origin e.g. African Americans ('AAs'). Whether AAs represent an important population with IBD in the US remains unclear since few studies have investigated IBD in communities with a majority representation of AA patients. The Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport (LSUHSC-S) is a tertiary care medical center, with a patient base composed of 58% AA and 39% Caucasian (W), ideal for evaluating racial (AA vs. W) as well and gender (M vs. F) influences on IBD.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we evaluated 951 visits to LSUHSC-S for IBD (between 2000 to 2008) using non-identified patient information based on ICD-9 medical record coding (Crohn's disease 'CD'-555.0- 555.9 and ulcerative colitis 'UC'-556.0-556.9).ResultsOverall, there were more cases of CD seen than UC. UC and CD affected similar ratios of AA and Caucasian males (M) and females (F) with a rank order of WF > WM > AAF > AAM. Interestingly, in CD, we found that annual visits per person was the highest in AA M (10.7 ± 1.7); significantly higher (* -p < 0.05) than in WM (6.3 ± 1.0). Further, in CD, the female to male (F: M) ratio in AA was significantly higher (*- p < 0.05) (1.9 ± 0.2) than in Caucasians (F:M = 1.3 ± 0.1) suggesting a female dominance in AACD; no differences were seen in UC F: M ratios.ConclusionAlthough Caucasians still represent the greatest fraction of IBD (~64%), AAs with IBD made up >1/3 (36.4%) of annual IBD cases from 2000-2008 at LSUHSC-S. Further studies on genetic and environments risks for IBD risk in AAs are needed to understand differences in presentation and progression in AAs and other 'non-traditional' populations.
Similarity of Recombinant Human Perlecan Domain 1 by Alternative Expression Systems Bioactive Heterogenous Recombinant Human Perlecan D1
Authors: Ellis April L , Pan Wensheng , Yang Guang , Jones Kim , Chuang Christine , Whitelock John M , DeCarlo Arthur A 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundHeparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are diverse components of certain proteoglycans and are known to interact with growth factors as a co-receptor necessary to induce signalling and growth factor activity. In this report we characterize heterogeneously glycosylated recombinant human perlecan domain 1 (HSPG2 abbreviated as rhPln.D1) synthesized in either HEK 293 cells or HUVECs by transient gene delivery using either adenoviral or expression plasmid technology.ResultsBy SDS-PAGE analysis following anion exchange chromatography, the recombinant proteoglycans appeared to possess glycosaminoglycan chains ranging, in total, from 6 kDa to >90 kDa per recombinant. Immunoblot analysis of enzyme-digested high MrrhPln.D1 demonstrated that the rhPln.D1 was synthesized as either a chondroitin sulfate or heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in an approximately 2:1 ratio, with negligible hybrids. Secondary structure analysis suggested helices and sheets in both recombinant species. rhPln.D1 demonstrated binding to rhFGF-2 with an apparent kDof 2 ± 0.2 nM with almost complete susceptibility to digestion by heparinase III in ligand blot analysis but not to chondroitinase digestion. Additionally, we demonstrate HS-mediated binding of both rhPln.D1 species to several other GFs. Finally, we corroborate the augmentation of FGF-mediated cell activation by rhPln.D1 and demonstrate mitogenic signalling through the FGFR1c receptor.ConclusionsWith importance especially to the emerging field of DNA-based therapeutics, we have shown here that proteoglycan synthesis, in different cell lines where GAG profiles typically differ, can be directed by recombinant technology to produce populations of bioactive recombinants with highly similar GAG profiles.
Activation of Voltage-Gated KCNQ/Kv7 Channels by Anticonvulsant Retigabine Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia of Inflammatory Temporomandibular Joint in Rats
Authors: Xu Wen , Wu Yuwei , Bi Yeping , Tan Lei , Gan Yehua , Wang KeWei 
Published: September 2010

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are characterized by persistent orofacial pain and have diverse etiologic factors that are not well understood. It is thought that central sensitization leads to neuronal hyperexcitability and contributes to hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are currently the first choice of drug to relieve TMD pain. NSAIDS were shown to exhibit anticonvulsant properties and suppress cortical neuron activities by enhancing neuronal voltage-gated potassium KCNQ/Kv7 channels (M-current), suggesting that specific activation of M-current might be beneficial for TMD pain. Results: In this study, we selected a new anticonvulsant drug retigabine that specifically activates M-current, and investigated the effect of retigabine on inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. The results show that the head withdrawal threshold for escape from mechanical stimulation applied to facial skin over the TMJ in inflamed rats was significantly lower than that in control rats. Administration of centrally acting M-channel opener retigabine (2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg) can dose-dependently raise the head withdrawal threshold of mechanical allodynia, and this analgesic effect can be reversed by the specific KCNQ channel blocker XE991 (3 mg/kg). Food intake is known to be negatively associated with TMJ inflammation. Food intake was increased significantly by the administration of retigabine (2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg), and this effect was reversed by XE991 (3 mg/kg). Furthermore, intracerebralventricular injection of retigabine further confirmed the analgesic effect of central retigabine on inflammatory TMJ. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that central sensitization is involved in inflammatory TMJ pain and pharmacological intervention for controlling central hyperexcitability by activation of neuronal KCNQ/M-channels may have therapeutic potential for TMDs.
Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Fouling on Compressor Cascade Characteristics and Implications for Gas Turbine Engine Performance
Authors: Fouflias D , Gannan A , Ramsden K , Pilidis P , Mba D , Teixeira J , Igie U , Lambart P 
Published: September 2010

This article describes the findings of a study which examined the influence of fouling on the behaviour of a cascade and by making use of these results the performance implications for gas turbine engines of exposure to airborne foulants. A suction-type compressor cascade tunnel with a plenum chamber was employed for investigating fouling blade effects. The tests showed that such a testing arrangement allows the extraction of pressure and corrected velocity distribution data downstream of the blades that is comparable with what can be obtained from blow-type cascade tunnels. This study presents experimental results for smooth clean cascade blades and for uniformly fouled blades. For all the cases considered, mid-span-corrected velocity distributions and pressure losses taken one chord downstream of the blades were investigated in order to identify the effects of fouling on the blades. The result of fouling on exit flow angle was investigated as well. In the present study, cascade clean and fouled cases were used to predict real engine performance. Results are obtained in terms of stage polytropic efficiency, thermal efficiency, useful power, and compressor efficiency deterioration. Roughening the cascade blades uniformly with particles of 254 μ m size, the compressor efficiency dropped by 7.7 percentage points.
The challenge of patients with severe psychiatric illness who do not access care – a way forward
Authors: John Sushil Mathew , Venkatesan Sankarapandian , Tharyan Anna , Bhattacharji Sara 
Published: September 2010

Psychiatric illnesses are a significant cause of morbidity all over the world. In India many people with mental disorders are unable to access psychiatric care for a variety of reasons. This article describes the successful management of a person with schizophrenia in the community through a primary care team in liaison with psychiatrist services.
Averaging Principles for a Diffusion-Scaled, Heavy-Traffic Polling Station with K Job Classes
Authors: Jennings Otis B. 
Published: September 2010

This paper provides heavy traffic limit theorems for a polling station serving jobs from K exogenous renewal arrival streams. It is a standard result that the limiting diffusion-scaled total workload process is semimartingale reflected Brownian motion. For polling stations, however, no such limit exists in general for the diffusion-scaled, K-dimensional queue length or workload vector processes. Instead, we prove that these processes admit averaging principles, the natures of which depend on the service discipline employed at the polling station. Parameterized families of exhaustive and gated service disciplines are investigated. Each policy under consideration has K stochastic matrices associated with it—one for each job class—that describe the transition of the workload vector while a given job class is being polled. These matrices give rise to K probability vectors that are vertices of a K - 1-simplex. Loosely speaking, each point of this simplex acts as an instantaneous lifting operator, converting the one-dimensional limiting total workload process to the K-dimensional workload vector. The averaging principles—needed because the workload vector traverses a Hamiltonian cycle over K edges of the simplex infinitely fast under diffusion scaling—are limits of cumulative cost functions of the diffusion-scaled workload vector, evaluated over a fixed time interval. The “averaging” takes place over the edges of the simplex.
Entkopplungsregelung und Reibungskompensation für einen Roboter mit elastischen verkoppelten Gelenken
Authors: Le-Tien Luc , Albu-Schäffer Alin , Janschek Klaus , Hirzinger Gerd 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Regelung und Reibungskompensation von Robotern mit elastischen und differentiell getriebenen Gelenken (implementiert am Beispiel des DLR-Medizinroboters). Unter Berücksichtigung der Gelenkverkopplung wird ein MIMO-Zustandsregler (multi-input-multi-output) für die Doppelgelenkstruktur des Medizinroboters eingeführt, der auf der Rückführung der gemessenen Motorpositionen, abtriebsseitigen Drehmomente und deren Ableitungen basiert. Um die Positioniergenauigkeit des Roboters zu verbessern, wird zusätzlich ein Störgrößenbeobachter für die Reibungskompensation entwickelt. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Roboter mit dem MIMO-Zustandsregler und dem Störgrößenbeobachter global asymptotisch stabil ist. Abschließend werden experimentelle Ergebnisse mit dem DLR-Medizinroboter zur Validierung des Ansatzes vorgestellt.
Mehr Systematik für den Anlagenbau und das industrielle Lösungsgeschäft — Gesteigerte Effizienz durch Domain Engineering
Authors: Jazdi Nasser , Maga Camelia , Göhner Peter , Ehben Thomas , Tetzner Thilo , Löwen Ulrich 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Herausforderungen im industriellen Lösungsgeschäft aus Betreiber- und Anbietersicht und erläutert ein zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen mögliches Prinzip: Die Aufteilung in projektabhängiges und projektunabhängiges Engineering. Auf dieser Basis wird ein neuer Engineering-Ansatz zur Realisierung des projektunabhängigen Engineering vorgestellt. Der Ansatz wird im Rahmen einer Kooperation zwischen dem Institut für Automatisierungs- und Softwaretechnik (IAS) der Universität Stuttgart und der Siemens AG entwickelt und erprobt.
Entwurf nichtlinearer Beobachter mit linearer und näherungsweise linearer Fehlerdynamik
Authors: Röbenack Klaus 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der Beobachterentwurf mittels exakter Linearisierung ist der Fachwelt seit rund 25 Jahren bekannt. Aufgrund restriktiver Existenzbedingungen bzw. einer aufwendigen Berechnung ist dieser sehr elegante Ansatz in der regelungstechnischen Praxis kaum anzutreffen. Im Beitrag werden zunächst Existenzbedingungen und Berechnungsmethoden rekapituliert. Anschließend geht der Beitrag auf den erweiterten Luenberger-Beobachter ein, welcher auf einer lokalen Taylorlinearisierung basiert und wesentlich leichter zu berechnen ist. Zu diesem Beobachter werden Verallgemeinerungen entwickelt und globale Konvergenzbedingungen angegeben.
Modellierung und Simulation von Kraftwerksblöcken
Authors: Kutzner Rüdiger , Bennauer Martin , Hopp Stefan , Joswig Frank , Könemund Martin , Lerch Edwin , Lösing Martin , Meinecke Carsten , Wenzel Andree , Werthes Heribert 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Modellbildung und Validierung eines Dampfkraftwerks mit seinen Regeleinrichtungen. Die Verwendung simulatorischer Methoden entlastet die mechanischen und elektrischen Komponenten von Lebensdauer verkürzenden Optimierungen im Betrieb. Die Überprüfung dynamischer Vorgänge anhand vorliegender Messergebnisse liefert den Nachweis der Modellgültigkeit. Anlagenschonend kann somit der Nachweis der Funktionsfähigkeit auch selten benötigter Regelungs- und Anlagenkomponenten erbracht werden.
Quadraturinterferometer mit automatischer Fokussierung
Authors: Gollwitzer Andreas , Fischerauer Gerhard 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Oberflächenschwingungen kleiner Amplitude werden häufig interferometrisch gemessen. Um zusätzlich eine hohe örtliche Auflösung zu erreichen, muss der Laserstrahl mit einer stark vergrößernden Linse auf die Oberfläche fokussiert werden. Wegen der kleinen Schärfentiefe einer solchen Linse muss der Abstand zur Oberfläche genau eingehalten werden. Zur Unterdrückung von Störeinflüssen wie der ortsabhängigen Reflektivität der vermessenen Oberfläche und zur Extraktion der absoluten Schwingungsamplitude benutzen wir einen homodynen Aufbau mit zusätzlicher Pfadlängenmodulation. Die Messempfindlichkeit wurde dabei durch die Quadraturinterferometrie, das heißt die zeitsynchrone Erfassung der Intensitäten durch zwei Fotodioden, verbessert. Wir zeigen außerdem einen Signalverarbeitungsalgorithmus, der zur Regelung des Abstands zwischen Linse und Messoberfläche benutzt werden kann. Dies gewährleistet, dass der Laserstrahl optimal auf die Oberfläche fokussiert wird und führt zu einem insgesamt hohen Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnis.