bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinodal decomposition and phase separation kinetics in nanoclay–biopolymer solutions
Authors: Pawar Nisha , Bohidar Himadri B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntensity of light, I(q,t), scattered from homogeneous aqueous solutions, of nanoclay (Laponite) and protein (gelatin‐A), was studied to monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of the solution into a phase‐separated nanoclay–protein‐rich dense phase, when the sample temperature was quenched below spinodal temperature, Ts (=311 ± 3 K). The zeta potential data revealed that the dense phase comprised charge‐neutralized intermolecular complexes of nanoclay and protein chains of low surface charge. The early stage, t < 500 s, of phase separation could be described adequately through Cahn‐Hilliard theory of spinodal decomposition where the intensity grows exponentially, I(q, t) = I0 exp.(2R(q)t). The wave vector, q dependence of the growth parameter, R(q) exhibited a maxima independent of time. Corresponding correlation length, 1/qc = ξc was found to be ≈75 ± 5 nm independent of quench depth. In the intermediate regime, anomalous growth described by I(q, t) ∼ tα with α = 0.1 ± 0.02 independent of q was observed. Rheological studies established that there was a propensity of network structures inside the dense phase. Isochronal temperature sweep studies of the dense phase determined the melting temperature, Tm = 312 ± 4 K, which was comparable with the spinodal temperature. The stress‐diffusion coupling prevailing in the dense phase when analyzed in the Doi‐Onuki model yielded a viscoelastic correlation length, ξv determined from low‐frequency storage modulus, G ′0 ≈ kB T/ξ, which was ξv ≈ 35 ± 3 nm indicating 2ξv ≈ ξc. It is concluded that the early stage of phase separation in this system was sufficiently described by linear Cahn‐Hilliard theory, but the same was not true in the intermediate stage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 555–565, 2010
Effect of alkyl side chain length on the properties of polyetherimides from molecular simulation combined with experimental results
Authors: Pan Rui , Zhao Wei , Zhou Tao , Zhang Aiming 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThree polyetherimides (PEIs) with the same backbone of Ultem 100 but different lengths of the alkyl side chains were simulated by using molecular dynamics and molecular mechanics techniques to investigate the effect of side chain length on their properties and physical mechanism behind. Simulation results, which are consistent to the experimental data, show that PEI‐5 with four methylene units in each alkyl side chain has higher Tg (glass transition temperature) and higher tensile strength, but lower tensile elongation at break than those of PEI‐6 with five and PEI‐8 with seven methylene units in each alkyl side chain. However, unlike the traditional phenomena, conformational analysis provides that PEI‐5 with the highest Tg gives the highest flexibility to the polymer chain, whereas PEI‐8 with the lowest Tg imparts the lowest flexibility resulting from attachment of longer alkyl side chain increase the rigidity of backbone. From the calculated ratio of the accessible volume to the total volume for each system, the highest ratio of PEI‐8 indicates that long alkyl side chains generate more free volume than short side chains, acting as an internal plasticizer in bulk structure. It is the internal plasticizing effect that is predominantly responsible for the abnormal properties, instead of the rigidity from side chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 595–599, 2010
Exploring the relationship between physical well‐being and healthy lifestyle changes among European‐ and Latina‐American breast and cervical cancer survivors
Authors: Ashing‐Giwa Kimlin T. , Lim Jung‐Won , Gonzalez Patricia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground: Cancer and its treatments have a lingering and often negative impact on survivors' physical well‐being. The physical sequelae impinge on daily functioning and overall HRQOL, and perhaps influence lifestyle changes post‐cancer. This study aims to examine: (1) physical well‐being items that are associated with low overall health‐related quality of life; and (2) the relationship between physical well‐being outcomes and healthy lifestyle changes by cancer type.Methods: This study employed a cross‐sectional design with mixed sampling methods. In total 922 European‐ (n=452) and Latina‐American (n=470) breast (BCS) or cervical cancer survivors (CCS) were recruited from the California Cancer Surveillance Program and Los Angeles area hospital registries. Item responses from survivors in the lowest quartile of total quality of life scores and percentages reflecting low physical well‐being levels were calculated.Results: A statistical approach to individual items provides unique and valuable measurement and clinical information above and beyond physical well‐being total scores. Physical well‐being item responses varied according to ethnicity, income, and education. BCS and CCS showed different patterns in the relationship between physical well‐being items and lifestyle changes. Specifically, exercise was significantly related to physical well‐being items for BCS, while diet changes were significantly associated with physical well‐being for CCS.Conclusions: Results reveal unique correlates of physical well‐being items by cancer type, ethnicity, and lifestyle changes. Clinically, this study highlights the need for greater consideration of individual and medical characteristics in developing culturally sensitive and patient responsive interventions to promote healthy lifestyles and improve survivorship outcomes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deficiency of glycine N‐methyltransferase results in deterioration of cellular defense to stress in mouse liver
Authors: Liao Yi‐Jen , Chen Kuan‐Hsuan , Huang Shiu‐Feng , Chen Tzu‐Lang , Wang Chung‐Kwe , Chien Chau‐Heng , Tsai Ting‐Fen , Liu Shih‐Ping , Chen Yi‐Ming Arthur 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurpose: Previously, we reported that glycine N‐methyltransferase (GNMT) interacts with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and inhibits BaP‐DNA adducts formation. In addition, Gnmt knockout (Gnmt−/−) mice developed chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aims of this study were to understand the gene expression profile of Gnmt−/− mice and to study the interaction between BaP and GNMT deficiency in vivo.Experimental design: Gene expression profiles of Gnmt−/− mice were analyzed by 2‐D PAGE and real‐time PCR. Both wild‐type and Gnmt−/− mice were challenged with BaP and sacrificed at the age of 13 months.Results: Compared with the wild‐type mice, proteins involved in the anti‐oxidation/detoxification response, glycolytic energy metabolism and one‐carbon metabolism pathways were down‐regulated significantly in Gnmt−/− mice. Malondialdehyde assay showed that lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the Gnmt−/− mice liver. H2O2 treatment demonstrated that the survival rate of HuH‐7 cells overexpressing GNMT was significantly higher than the controls. BaP challenge experiments showed that 71.4% (5/7) of male and all (7/7) female Gnmt −/− mice developed HCC, while only 16.7% (1/6) of male and 20% (1/5) of female wild‐type mice had HCC.Conclusion and clinical relevance: GNMT regulates genes related to detoxification and anti‐oxidation pathways. BaP is a liver cancer carcinogen especially during GNMT deficiency.
MS analysis of rheumatoid arthritic synovial tissue identifies specific citrullination sites on fibrinogen
Authors: Hermansson Monika , Artemenko Konstantin , Ossipova Elena , Eriksson Hanna , Lengqvist Johan , Makrygiannakis Dimitrios , Catrina Anca I. , Nicholas Anthony P. , Klareskog Lars , Savitski Mikhail , A. Zubarev Roman , Jakobsson Per‐Johan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurpose: Citrullination is a post‐translational modification of arginine residues to citrulline catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminases. Induced expression of citrullinated proteins are frequently detected in various inflammatory states including arthritis; however, direct detection of citrullination in arthritic samples has not been successfully performed in the past.Experimental design: Citrullination of human fibrinogen, a candidate autoantigen in arthritis, was studied. Accurate identification of citrullinated fibrinogen peptides from rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue specimens was performed using accurate mass and retention time analysis.Results: A peptide with the sequence ESSSHHPGIAEFPSRGK corresponding to amino acids 559–575 of fibrinogen α‐chain was identified to be citrullinated with an occupancy rate between 1.4 and 2.5%. Citrullination of the peptide KREEAPSLRPAPPPISGGGYRARPAK corresponding to amino acids 52–77 of the fibrinogen β‐chain was identified with an occupancy rate of 1.2%.Conclusions and clinical relevance: We report a proof of principle study for the identification of citrullinated proteins and within them, identification of citrullination sites and quantification of their occupancies in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis patients using high‐resolution MS. Detailed studies on which molecules are citrullinated in arthritis can provide information about their role in immune regulation and serve as novel biomarkers and potentially even as therapeutic targets.
Structural evolution of ZnO films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering on glass substrate
Authors: Liao Yan‐Ping , Zhang Jian‐Hua , Li Shu‐Xin , Guo Zhan‐Sheng , Cao Jin , Zhu Wen‐Qing , Li Xifeng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractInfluences of O2/Ar flux ratio (R) on surface morphology and structural evolution have been studied in the case of ZnO films deposited on glass substrates by radio‐frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. Results of atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) clearly indicate that the surface root‐mean‐square (rms) roughness, crystallinity, stress, and defects strongly depend on the R. At R = 1/2, the crystallized ZnO film with highly c‐axis orientation and highly smooth surface has been obtained. The implication of these results is that a moderate R is needed to realize high‐quality ZnO film.
Current‐transport studies and trap extraction of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanotubes using gold Schottky diode
Authors: Amin G. , Hussain I. , Zaman S. , Bano N. , Nur O. , Willander M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHigh‐quality zinc oxide (ZnO) nanotubes (NTs) were grown by the hydrothermal technique on n‐Si substrate. The room temperature (RT) current‐transport mechanisms of Au Schottky diodes fabricated from ZnO NTs and nanorods (NRs) reference samples have been studied and compared. The tunneling mechanisms via deep‐level states was found to be the main conduction process at low applied voltage but at the trap‐filled limit voltage (VTFL) all traps were filled and the space‐charge‐limited current conduction was the dominating current‐transport mechanism. The deep‐level trap energy and the trap concentration for the NTs were obtained as ∼0.27 eV and 2.1 × 1016 cm–3, respectively. The same parameters were also extracted for the ZnO NRs. The deep‐level states observed crossponds to zinc interstitials (Zni), which are responsible for the violet emission.
Alternating‐current conductance and capacitance of a diamond diode in the presence of deep‐level impurities
Authors: Rodrigues Ana 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe alternating‐current conductance and capacitance of a diamond film/aluminium diode was measured over the temperature range 230–330 K. Loss tangent curves for the frequency range 100 Hz–1 MHz exhibited three maxima. Doping of the CVD diamond was not uniform, indicating the presence of deep‐level impurities. Results were analysed for the temperature range 230–270 K, at which it is possible to observe processes that are supposed to occur in grains and grain boundary regions of polycrystalline diamond. A loss tangent curve was simulated using an equivalent circuit model composed of resistances and capacitances corresponding to depletion regions and the bulk and of the electrical characteristics of the two phases of diamond. This model explicitly includes deep impurities. The curve‐fitting parameters for the loss tangent plot demonstrate that at medium frequency (4 kHz, activation energy 0.2 eV) the bulk resistance is high (100 kΩ) and the maximum is related to the presence of microcrystals, which exhibit low conductivity. At high frequency (800 kHz, activation energy 0.5 eV) the bulk resistance is low (1 kΩ), suggesting that the maximum is associated with grain boundary regions. The low values of the relaxation times obtained (10–28 and 4×10–27 s) are justified. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of poly‐Si/SiGe gate in CMOS transistors for RF and microwave circuit applications
Authors: Jimenez H. G. , Manera L. T. , Rautemberg M. F. , Diniz J. A. , Doi I. , Tatsch P. J. , Figueroa H. E. , Swart J. W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA reduction of gate depletion and DC characteristics in CMOS transistors with poly‐Si/SiGe Gate stack fabricated with local CMOS process is presented. Our local CMOS process uses a single n+ doped, poly‐Si/SiGe gate material. After deposition, both the poly‐Si and the SiGe used as gate layers were implanted by phosphorus ions. The parameters on threshold, sub‐threshold and low frequency noise 1/f of poly‐Si/SiGe CMOS transistors are reported. Our results demonstrate that the shift in threshold voltage due to the presence of Ge in the gate material is apparent from the p‐MOS and n‐MOS device characteristics. The drive current turn‐on in the I‐V characteristics increases compared with conventional CMOS transistors with poly‐Si gate and devices show low 1/f noise which make them promising devices for RF and microwave circuit applications. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface exfoliation in ZnO by hydrogen implantation and its smoothening by high temperature annealing
Authors: Singh Trilok , Scholz R. , Christiansen S. H. , Gösele U. , Singh R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractZinc oxide (0001) bulk crystals were implanted by 100 keV H2+ ions with various fluences in the range of 5×1016 to 3×1017 cm–2. Surface layer exfoliation was observed in the case of samples that were implanted with fluence higher than 2.5×1017 cm–2, either in the as‐implanted state or after annealing at higher temperatures up to 500 °C. The roughness of the exfoliated surfaces, as measured using atomic force microscopy, was found to be about 20 nm. These samples with exfoliated surfaces were further annealed at higher temperatures up to 1000 °C under air atmosphere. The surface morphology of the samples was studied using Nomarski optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The defect characterization in the implanted ZnO samples was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cross‐sectional TEM measurements showed the formation of hydrogen filled nanovoids inside the damage band in ZnO. It was observed that after annealing the samples at 960 °C for 1 hr in air ambient, the roughness of the exfoliated surfaces reduced down to about 3 nm. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study on the correlation between dielectric constant and chemical shift in FTIR spectra of SiOC film by chemical vapor deposition after annealing
Authors: Oh Teresa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSiOC films made by the inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition were researched the relationship between the dielectric constant and the chemical shift. SiOC film had the main Si‐O‐C bond with the molecule vibration mode in the range of 930∼1230 cm‐1 which consists of C‐O and Si‐O bonds related to the cross link formation according to the dissociation and recombination. The C‐O bond originated from the elongation effect by the neighboring highly electronegative oxygen atoms at terminal C‐H bond in Si‐CH3 of 1270 cm‐1. However, the Si‐O bond was formed from the second ionic sites recombined after the dissociation of Si‐CH3 of 1270 cm‐1. Increment of Si‐O bond in the Si‐O‐C main bond contributed to increase the hardness and decrease the roughness because of the decreasing of the carbon content witch is related to the space effect. The dielectric constant of SiOC film was decreased by lowering the polarization which consists of the ionic and electronic polarity. Increment of Si‐O bond in a right shoulder at the main bond was interpreted by the red shift observed in FTIR spectra. Moreover, the increment of Si‐O bond and decrement of carbon content induced to decrease the ionic polarity and then decreased the dielectric constant. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of nitrogen on the InAs/GaAs quantum dot formation
Authors: Ivanova L. , Eisele H. , Lenz A. , Timm R. , Schumann O. , Geelhaar L. , Riechert H. , Dähne M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe studied the influence of nitrogen incorporation on the InAsN/GaAs quantum dot formation using cross‐sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. Upon nitrogen exposure during InAs growth, rather strong dissolution effects occur, leading to the formation of extended almost spherical InGaAs quantum dots with a low indium content and almost free of nitrogen. In this paper we will discuss in particular the detailed stoichiometry determination of the quantum dots. Furthermore, we will demonstrate that nitrogen atoms are located in the surrounding GaAs matrix.Indium atoms are found underneath the nominal base plane, where quantum dot growth started, demonstrating strong strain‐induced intermixing already during quantum dot formation. The observed strong separation of indium and nitrogen is related to a rather low solubility of nitrogen within InAs as compared with GaAs. Finally, a schematic model for the growth of InAs and InAsN quantum dots in GaAs will be discussed in detail (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of wurtzite–zinc‐blende interfacial energy on growth and crystal phase of the III‐V nanowires
Authors: Lubov Maxim , Kulikov Dmitrii , Trushin Yuri 
Published: January 2010

AbstractInfluence of wurtzite–zinc‐blende energy on nucleation rate and growth kinetics is studied. The physical model of III‐V nanowires growth is proposed. We show that wurtzite–zinc‐blende interfacial energy caused formation of the zinc‐blende structure on the initial stage of nanowires growth. Role of the fluctuations in quasi‐periodic crystal structure formation representing alternating layers of wurtzite and zinc‐blende phase is revealed. Calculations of the growth of the nanowire growth accounting fluctuations in the droplet alloy are carried out. The results of the calculations are in a good agreement with available experimental data. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence and diode characteristic of ZnO thin films/junctions fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique
Authors: Sasaki Kazuhiro , Komiyama Takao , Chonan Yasunori , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Aoyama Takashi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractZnO:Ga and ZnO:P films were grown by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique changing the dopant concentrations, and their photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained. Then, ZnO:P/ZnO:Ga junctions were fabricated and their junction characteristics were evaluated. As the Ga concentration increased in the films, the PL intensity was decreased while as the P concentration increased, the PL intensity was increased. The maximum PL intensities were obtained for the films of 0.5%(Ga) and 7.0% (P), respectively. Rectifying junction characteristics were observed only for the combination of 0.5‐1.0% (Ga) and 5.0% (P) films. Mutual dopant diffusion is supposed to explain the relation between the PL and the junction characteristics. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Establishing strategic CSR in SMEs: an Austrian CSR quality seal to substantiate the strategic CSR performance
Authors: Gelbmann Ulrike 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntegrating CSR into their strategy system can help enterprises to produce a competitive advantage. This can both add to their long‐term prosperity and help increase overall sustainability, provided they use a broad, dynamic approach to CSR that is compatible with strategic management. SMEs in particular often feature excellent responsibility performance, without realizing it and without trying to benefit from it.In Austria, as in other countries, SMEs often suppose CSR to be a domain of large enterprises: too bureaucratic, expensive, time‐consuming and complex. This paper presents a case from Austria, the development of an official CSR Quality Seal directed at SMEs to help them communicate their sustainability performance effectively and display a visible sign for their stakeholders. The seal was devised to meet objections to the application of standardized CSR tools in industry, especially in SMEs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Designing a sequentially randomized study with adherence enhancing interventions for diabetes patients
Authors: Buyze Jozefien , Van Rompaye Bart , Goetghebeur Els 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAdaptive treatment strategies can change treatment prescription over time in response to intermediate outcomes. They are the natural choice for treating chronic diseases or for prevention, since the condition of subjects tends to change over the long term. Similarly, flexible intervention strategies are vital for generating or sustaining better adherence in long term treatment settings. When a cost‐efficient first‐line treatment is available, for instance, good adherence is expected to help delay or avoid second‐line treatment.Sequentially randomized trials enable unbiased evaluation of how to best adapt adherence supporting interventions to a history of outcomes and adherence with the goal to optimize future treatment response. In this paper we propose and study different sequential designs targeting cost‐efficient control of type II diabetes under first‐line treatment through two different classes of adherence support: by (bio)technical and by behavioural means. We study their respective and joint impact first through double factorial adaptive designs, where interventions are triggered by an elevated risk of current treatment failure predicted by poor surrogate response.We develop the double factorial design and several derived designs that are more cost‐efficient in the context of managed care of diabetes patients. We evaluate the marginal responses over time to different adaptive treatment strategies by means of doubly robust estimators. We consider sample sizes needed to thus detect realistic and worthwhile effects and discuss the relative practical and theoretical merits of the separate designs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.