bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental expression and function of DKKL1/Dkkl1 in humans and mice
Authors: Yan Qiuxia , Wu Xiaoping , Chen Cairong , Diao Ruiying , Lai Yongqing , Huang Jun , Chen Jing , Yu Zhou , Gui Yaoting , Tang Aifa , Cai Zhiming 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Experiments were designed to identify the developmental expression and function of the Dickkopf-Like1 (DKKL1/Dkkl1) gene in humans and mice.

Methods
Mouse testes cDNA samples were collected at multiple postnatal times (days 4, 9, 18, 35, and 54, as well as at 6 months) and hybridized to Affymetrix mouse whole genome Genechips. To further characterize the homologous gene DKKL1 in human beings, the expression profiles between human adult testis and foetal testis were compared using Affymetrix human Genechips. The characteristics of DKKL1/Dkkl1 were analysed using various cellular and molecular biotechnologies.

Results
The expression of Dkkl1 was not detected in mouse testes on days 4 or 9, but was present on days 18, 35, and 54, as well as at 6 months, which was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot results. Examination of the tissue distribution of Dkkl1 demonstrated that while Dkkl1 mRNA was abundantly expressed in testes, little to no expression of Dkkl1 was observed in the epididymis or other tissues. In an in vitro fertilization assay, a Dkkl1 antibody was found to significantly reduce fertilization. Human Genechips results showed that the hybridization signal intensity of DKKL1 was 405.56-fold higher in adult testis than in foetal testis. RT-PCR analysis of multiple human tissues indicated that DKKL1 mRNA was exclusively expressed in the testis. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that DKKL1 was mainly expressed in human testis with a molecular weight of approximately 34 kDa. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining showed that the DKKL1 protein was predominantly located in spermatocytes and round spermatids in human testes. An examination of the expression levels of DKKL1 in infertile male patients revealed that while no DKKL1 appeared in the testes of patients with Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCOS) or cryptorchidism, DKKL1 was observed with variable expression in patients with spermatogenic arrest.

Conclusions
These results, together with previous studies, suggest that DKKL1/Dkkl1 may play an important role in testicular development and spermatogenesis and may be an important factor in male infertility.
Effects of IFN-γ on intracellular trafficking and activity of macrophage NADPH oxidase flavocytochrome b558
Authors: Casbon Amy-Jo , Long Matthew E , Dunn Kenneth W , Allen Lee-Ann H , Dinauer Mary C 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
IFNγ regulates trafficking and synthesis of flavocytochrome b558, suggesting a role to control superoxide production in macrophages.
Flavocytochrome b558, the catalytic core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2), mediates electron transfer from NADPH to molecular oxygen to generate superoxide, the precursor of highly ROS for host defense. Flavocytochrome b558 is an integral membrane heterodimer consisting of a large glycosylated subunit, gp91phox, and a smaller subunit, p22phox. We recently showed in murine macrophages that flavocytochrome b558 localizes to the PM and Rab11-positive recycling endosomes, whereas in primary hMDMs, gp91phox and p22phox reside in the PM and the ER. The antimicrobial activity of macrophages, including ROS production, is greatly enhanced by IFN-γ, but how this is achieved is incompletely understood. To further define the mechanisms by which IFN-γ enhances macrophage NADPH oxidase activity, we evaluated changes in flavocytochrome b558 expression and localization, along with NADPH oxidase activity, in IFN-γ stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and primary murine BMDMs and hMDMs. We found that enhanced capacity for ROS production is, in part, a result of increased protein expression of gp91phox and p22phox but also demonstrate that IFN-γ induced a shift in the predominant localization of gp91phox and p22phox from intracellular membrane compartments to the PM. Our results are the first to show that a cytokine can change the distribution of macrophage flavocytochrome b558 and provide a potential, new mechanism by which IFN-γ modulates macrophage antimicrobial activity. Altogether, our data suggest that the mechanisms by which IFN-γ regulates antimicrobial activity of macrophages are more complex than previously appreciated.
TORC2 and the AGC kinase Gad8 regulate phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 in fission yeast
Authors: Du Wei , Hálová Lenka , Kirkham Sara , Atkin Jane , Petersen Janni 
Published: July 2012

Summary
TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) signalling coordinates cell growth and division in response to changes in the nutritional environment of the cell. TOR kinases form two distinct complexes: TORC1 and TORC2. In mammals, the TORC1 controlled S6K1 kinase phosphorylates the ribosomal protein S6 thereby co-ordinating cell size and nutritional status. We show that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe AGC kinase Gad8 co-immunoprecipitates with the ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) and regulates its phosphorylation status. It has previously been shown that Gad8 is phosphorylated by TORC2. Consistent with this, we find that TORC2 as well as TORC1 modulates Rps6 phosphorylation. Therefore, S6 phosphorylation in fission yeast actually represents a read-out of the combined activities of TORC1 and TORC2. In contrast, we find that the in vivo phosphorylation status of Maf1 (a repressor of RNA polymerase III) specifically correlates with TORC1 activity.
Iodide-promoted Deselenylation of β-Chloro- and β-Oxyselenides to Form Alkenes and Selenenyl Iodides
Authors: Sase Shohei , Ebisawa Kazuaki , Goto Kei 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Deselenylation reaction of β-chloro- and β-oxyselenides proceeded efficiently by treatment with tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) to afford alkenes in good yields. It was established that selenenyl iodides were formed in these reactions. Catalytic transformation of β-chloro- and β-oxyselenides to alkenes was also developed.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a One-dimensional Cu(II) Coordination Polymer Bridged by Inorganic CH3SO3− Anions Using Werner-type Cu(II) Complexes as Building Blocks
Authors: Noro Shin-ichiro , Kubo Kazuya , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The reaction of [Cu(PF6)2(py)4] (py: pyridine) with [Cu(CH3SO3)2(py)4], both of which are Werner-type Cu(II) complexes, in a MeOH solution led to the formation of a one-dimensional framework composed of [–{Cu(1)2(MeO)2}–Cu(2)–Cu(3)–Cu(3)–Cu(2)–] repeating units bridged by inorganic CH3SO3− anions.
Wahrnehmen, Fühlen, Verhalten / Denken: Was können Tiere?
Authors: Brandt Reinhard 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Our thoughts that can be enounced in speech have these characteristics: They refer to something as their object, they are affirmations or negations which contradict each other, and they can be translated into other languages. I thus look for thoughts in the comportment and communications of animals and afterwards reveal the special origin in mankind.
Gutes über das Gute. Über: Ulla Wessels: Das Gute
Authors: Birnbacher Dieter 
Published: July 2012

Zusammenfassung
Ulla Wessels: Das Gute. Wohlfahrt, hedonisches Glück und die Erfüllung von Wünschen. Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt/M. 2011, 244 S.
The Impact of SFAS 133 on Income Smoothing by Banks through Loan Loss Provisions
Authors: Kilic Emre , Lobo Gerald J. , Ranasinghe Tharindra , Sivaramakrishnan K 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:
We examine the impact of SFAS 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, on the reporting behavior of commercial banks and the informativeness of their financial statements. We argue that, because mandatory recognition of hedge ineffectiveness under SFAS 133 reduced banks' ability to smooth income through derivatives, banks that are more affected by SFAS 133 rely more on loan loss provisions to smooth income. We find evidence consistent with this argument. We also find that the increased reliance on loan loss provisions for smoothing income has impaired the informativeness of loan loss provisions for future loan defaults and bank stock returns.
Data Availability: The data are available from public sources.
Numerical Implementation of Meshless Methods for Beam Problems
Authors: Rosca V. E. , Leitāo V. M. A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract For solving a partial different equation by a numerical method, a possible alternative may be either to use a mesh method or a meshless method. A flexible computational procedure for solving 1D linear elastic beam problems is presented that currently uses two forms of approximation function (moving least squares and kernel approximation functions) and two types of formulations, namely the weak form and collocation technique, respectively, to reproduce Element Free Galerkin (EFG) and Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) meshless methods. The numerical implementation for beam problems of these two formulations is discussed and numerical tests are presented to illustrate the difference between the formulations.
Freedom of Speech? Israeli Supreme Court Ruling 606/93 - Kidum Initiative Inc. versus the Israel Broadcasting Authority. A Rhetorical Language Analysis
Authors: Kayam Orly , Galily Yair 
Published: July 2012

Freedom of Speech? Israeli Supreme Court Ruling 606/93 - Kidum Initiative Inc. versus the Israel Broadcasting Authority. A Rhetorical Language AnalysisThe article examines nine different rhetorical devices employed by two Israeli Supreme Court justices in their writing of the majority and minority opinions (Justices Dorner and Cheshin respectively) in the case of Kidum Initiative Inc. versus The Israel Broadcasting Authority which addressed the issue of freedom of speech versus good taste. Theoretical background and examples from the verdict are presented and discussed.
In search of new Fusarium species
Authors: Leslie John , Summerell Brett 
Published: July 2012

In search of new Fusarium species
Fusarium is a large fungal genus, but scientists who work with it continue to search for new species to help bridge perceived phylogenetic gaps and to assess the biogeography of species origin and distribution. Potential new sources for species include collections made from plants and soil in native ecosystems and subsistence agriculture farms. These ecosystems are less likely to have suffered anthropomorphic changes and may offer the best hope for identifying previously undescribed species and for obtaining reliable data on species distribution. In addition to new collections, new species also may result from the break-up of a number of large species complexes that are held together primarily by morphological similarities. The two approaches are complementary and should collectively help to increase the number, diversity and quality of the species known within the genus.
Spectral emissivity properties of reflective coatings
Authors: Čekon Miroslav 
Published: July 2012

Spectral emissivity properties of reflective coatingsThis article deals with the spectral radiative properties of coatings consisting of hollow ceramic microspheres. They were selected from the commercial coatings available in the Slovak and Czech Republics. The aim was to measure and compare their spectral emissivity properties with standard facing coatings by means of infrared spectroscopy. The measured data demonstrates that the coatings have the same radiative properties as a standard building coating. Two reflective measurement methods (DRIFT and ATR) were used for this purpose. These results have been compared, and the DRIFT method was finally recommended for determining the spectral radiative properties of the materials measured.
Two years of the operation of a domestic MBR wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Pikorová Tina 
Published: July 2012

Two years of the operation of a domestic MBR wastewater treatment plantThe paper evaluates the results of data obtained from two years of observing an actual domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with an immersed membrane module. The domestic MBR (membrane bioreactor) WWTP was linked to a dwelling with four residents. Two different commercial flat sheet membrane modules were investigated. The membrane modules, as well as the whole WWTP, were tested with different fluxes as well as the response of the membrane and activated sludge to different conditions, such as actual peak wastewater flows, extremes temperatures (a winter below 5 °C), and high pH values.
All sudden unexplained infant respiratory deaths may result from the same underlying mechanism
Authors: Mage David , Donner E. , Vennemann Mechtild , Fleming Peter , Sol-Church Katia , Drake Rebecca , Gulino Sam 
Published: July 2012

All sudden unexplained infant respiratory deaths may result from the same underlying mechanismThe Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) was defined in 1969 by Beckwith as sudden death of an infant or young child, unexpected by medical history, remaining unexplained after thorough autopsy/death-scene investigation. Recently researchers have used the general terms Sudden Unexplained Death in Infancy (SUDI) and Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) as "umbrella-terms" covering unexplained deaths (SIDS); sudden deaths for which SIDS risk factors present but insufficient cause is found; and sudden deaths for which sufficient cause is found. A characteristic feature of such deaths is that, 24-hours before death (or unexpected collapse that led to death), the caregivers were unaware that the baby was at increased risk of dying. The explainable cases include deaths from several recognized causes including infection, metabolic conditions, accidental and non-accidental injury, and various genetic or cardiac conditions as well as "Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation in Bed (ASSB)." SIDS is characterized by a ~50% male excess common to all respiratory infant deaths and a 4-parameter lognormal age distribution - thought to be unique and SIDS main distinguishing characteristic. In this article we model these data for age and/or gender distributions of SUDI/SUID and SIDS reported from the U.K., U.S., Norway and Germany. When pooled together with SIDS, these explained SUDI/SUID data on infant ages and gender have the same distributions as SIDS, indicating that the final mode of death for all SUDI or SUID may be a consequence of different paths to the same biological phenomena as for SIDS, though the mechanism of death remains unclear.
Personal Health Behaviors and Role-Modeling Attitudes of Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Black Beth , Marcoux Beth C. , Stiller Christine , Qu Xianggui , Gellish Ronald 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundPhysical therapists have been encouraged to engage in health promotion practice. Health professionals who engage in healthy behaviors themselves are more apt to recommend those behaviors, and patients are more motivated to change their behaviors when their health care provider is a credible role model.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe the health behaviors and role-modeling attitudes of physical therapists and physical therapist students.DesignThis study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey.MethodsA national sample of 405 physical therapists and 329 physical therapist students participated in the survey. Participants' attitudes toward role modeling and behaviors related to physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, abstention from smoking, and maintenance of a healthy weight were measured. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to examine differences in attitudes and behaviors between physical therapists and physical therapist students.ResultsA majority of the participants reported that they engage in regular physical activity (80.8%), eat fruits and vegetables (60.3%), do not smoke (99.4%), and maintain a healthy weight (78.7%). Although there were no differences in behaviors, physical therapist students were more likely to believe that role modeling is a powerful teaching tool, physical therapist professionals should “practice what they preach,” physical activity is a desirable behavior, and physical therapist professionals should be role models for nonsmoking and maintaining a healthy weight.LimitationsLimitations of this study include the potential for response bias and social desirability bias.ConclusionsPhysical therapists and physical therapist students engage in health-promoting behaviors at similarly high rates but differ in role-modeling attitudes.
Extended Exercise Rehabilitation After Hip Fracture Improves Patients' Physical Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Auais Mohammad A. , Eilayyan Owis , Mayo Nancy E. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundAlthough the principal goal of hip fracture management is a return to the pre-event functional level, most survivors fail to regain their former levels of autonomy. One of the most effective strategies to mitigate the fracture's consequences is therapeutic exercise.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to review and quantify the reported effects of an extended exercise rehabilitation program offered beyond the regular rehabilitation period on improving physical functioning for patients with hip fractures.SourcesThe Cochrane libraries, PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, and EMBASE were searched to April 2012.Study SelectionAll randomized controlled trials comparing extended exercise programs with usual care for community-dwelling people after hip fracture were included in the review.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo reviewers conducted each step independently. The data from the included studies were summarized, and pooled estimates were calculated for 11 functional outcomes.ResultsThirteen trials were included in the review and 11 in the meta-analysis. The extended exercise program showed modest effect sizes (ESs), which reached significance, under random theory, for knee extension strength for the affected and nonaffected sides (ES=0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.27–0.66, and ES=0.45, 95% CI=0.16–0.74, respectively), balance (ES=0.32, 95% CI=0.15–0.49), physical performance-based tests (ES=0.53, 95% CI=0.27–0.78), Timed “Up & Go” Test (ES=0.83, 95% CI=0.28–1.4), and fast gait speed (ES=0.42, 95% CI=0.11–0.73). Effects on normal gait speed, Six-Minute Walk Test, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, and physical function subscale of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36-PF) did not reach significance. Community-based programs had larger ESs compared with home-based programs.ConclusionsTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to provide evidence that an extended exercise rehabilitation program for patients with hip fractures has a significant impact on various functional abilities. The focus of future research should go beyond just effectiveness and study the cost-effectiveness of extended programs.
Improvements in site-specific quality of life 6 months after endoscopic anterior skull base surgery: a prospective study
Authors: McCoul Edward D. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: July 2012

Object
Endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) is a minimal-access technique that provides an alternative to traditional approaches. Patient-reported outcomes are becoming increasingly important in measuring the success of surgical interventions. Endoscopic skull base surgery may lead to improvements in quality of life (QOL) since natural orifices are used to reach the pathology; however, sinonasal QOL may be negatively affected. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of ESBS on both site-specific QOL, using the Anterior Skull Base Questionnaire (ASBQ), and sinonasal-related QOL, using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22).

Methods
Consecutive patients from a tertiary referral center who were undergoing ESBS were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients completed the ASBQ and SNOT-22 preoperatively as well as at regular intervals after ESBS.

Results
Sixty-six patients were included in the study, and 57.6% of them had pituitary adenoma. There was no significant decline or improvement in the ASBQ-measured QOL at 3 and 6 weeks after ESBS, but there were significant improvements at 12 weeks and 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Improvements were noted in all but one ASBQ subdomain at 12 weeks and 6 months postsurgery (p < 0.05). Preoperative QOL was significantly worse in patients who had undergone revision surgery and significantly improved postoperatively in patients who underwent gross-total resection (p < 0.05). Scores on the SNOT-22 worsened at 3 weeks postoperatively and returned to baseline thereafter. The presence of a nasoseptal flap or a graft-donor site did not contribute to a decreased QOL.

Conclusions
Endoscopic skull base surgery is associated with an improvement in postoperative site-specific QOL as compared with the preoperative QOL. Short-term improvements are greater if gross-total resection is achieved. Sinonasal QOL transiently declines and then returns to preoperative baseline levels. Endoscopic skull base surgery is a valuable tool in the neurosurgical management of anterior skull base pathology, leading to improvements in site-specific QOL.
Two-handed endoscopic-directed vestibular nerve sectioning: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Cutler Aaron R. , Kaloostian Sean W. , Ishiyama Akira , Frazee John G. 
Published: July 2012

Object
Vestibular nerve sectioning is an accepted surgical treatment option for patients with medically refractory Ménière disease. In this paper the authors introduce and evaluate a 2-handed endoscopic-directed technique for vestibular nerve section.

Methods
Eleven patients underwent a retrosigmoid craniectomy for endoscopic-directed vestibular nerve sectioning as treatment for intractable vertigo associated with Ménière disease. In all patients, identification and dissection of the cranial nerve VII/VIII complex was performed entirely under endoscopic guidance. The authors used the specially designed Frazee II neuroendoscope, consisting of a traditional endoscope lens with a microsuction attachment.

Results
Vestibular nerve sectioning was completed in all 11 patients. Postoperative improvement in vertiginous episodes was achieved in 10 patients (91%). Auditory function was noted to be worse postoperatively in only 1 patient (9%). The same patient also developed a House-Brackmann Grade III facial nerve palsy, which improved gradually over time. There were no further complications, including no delayed CSF leaks.

Conclusions
The endoscopic-directed approach represents a safe and effective method for performing vestibular nerve sectioning. Until now, the endoscope has been used primarily as an adjunct to the operating microscope in surgery at the cerebellopontine angle. In addition, previous endoscopic techniques typically require a third hand to manipulate the endoscope. With the 2-handed endoscopic-directed technique, however, the endoscope is used as the primary means of visualization, and the unique design of this endoscope allows for a bimanual procedure without the requirement of a cosurgeon. Advantages of using this technique compared with the microscope include superior brightness at close distances, greater depth of field, increased maneuverability within small regions, and an improved ability to visualize objects not in a direct line of sight. Among other things, this allows for minimally invasive openings, decreased cerebellar retraction, and better identification of nerve cleavage planes and vascular anatomy.