bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gene flow and mode of reproduction of Dothistroma septosporum in the Czech Republic
Authors: Tomšovský M. , Tomešová V. , Palovčíková D. , Kostovčík M. , Rohrer M. , Hanáček P. , Jankovský L. 
Published: May 2012

Since 1911, dothistroma needle blight, caused by Dothistroma septosporum, has been recorded in most European countries. In the Czech Republic, the fungus has become an important disease of pines since 2000, especially Austrian pines in plantations of Christmas and ornamental trees. The aim of this study was to analyse the population structure, gene flow and mode of reproduction of this pathogen. Microsatellite and mating‐type markers were analysed in a Dothistroma population in the southeastern part of the country using reference isolates from other European countries. The haplotypic diversity was high, with 87 unique and 13 shared haplotypes (probable clones) identified in 121 samples. Based on structure analysis, the isolates were divided into two populations, with an uneven distribution over the sampling sites. The grouping of the sites to the populations did not follow a geographical pattern because certain isolates that were sympatrically co‐occurring at the same site were placed in different populations. Tests for random mating (the index of association and a parsimony tree‐length permutation test) showed a significant clonal mode of reproduction in most cases, but the intrapopulation haplotypic diversity is unexpectedly high. Although a teleomorphic stage of D. septosporum has not been previously observed in the Czech Republic, the high intrapopulation haplotypic diversity can be explained by infrequent sexual reproduction consistent with the occurrence of both mating types.
Genetic differentiation of the wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina in Europe
Authors: Kolmer J. A. , Hanzalova A. , Goyeau H. , Bayles R. , Morgounov A. 
Published: May 2012

The objective of this study was to determine whether genetically differentiated groups of Puccinia triticina are present in Europe. In total, 133 isolates of P. triticina collected from western Europe, central Europe and Turkey were tested for virulence on 20 lines of wheat with single leaf rust resistance genes, and for molecular genotypes with 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. After removal of isolates with identical virulence and SSR genotype within countries, 121 isolates were retained for further analysis. Isolates were grouped based on SSR genotypes using a Bayesian approach and a genetic distance method. Both methods optimally placed the isolates into eight European (EU) groups of P. triticina SSR genotypes. Seven of the groups had virulence characteristics of isolates collected from common hexaploid wheat, and one of the groups had virulence characteristics of isolates from tetraploid durum wheat. There was a significant correlation between the SSR genotypes and virulence phenotypes of the isolates. All EU groups had observed values of heterozygosity greater than expected and significant fixation values, which indicated the clonal reproduction of urediniospores in the overall population. Linkage disequilibria for SSR genotypes were high across the entire population and within countries. The overall values of RST and FST were lower when isolates were grouped by country, which indicated the migration of isolates within Europe. The European population of P. triticina had higher levels of genetic differentiation compared to other continental populations.
No increased mortality from donor or recipient hepatitis B‐ and/or hepatitis C‐positive serostatus after related‐donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Tomblyn M. , Chen M. , Kukreja M. , Aljurf M.D. , Al Mohareb F. , Bolwell B.J. , Cahn J.‐Y. , Carabasi M.H. , Gale R.P. , Gress R.E. , Gupta V. , Hale G.A. , Ljungman P. , Maziarz R.T. , Storek J. , Wingard J.R. , Young J.‐A.H. , Horowitz M.M. , Ballen K.K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLimited data exist on allogeneic transplant outcomes in recipients receiving hematopoietic cells from donors with prior or current hepatitis B (HBV) or C virus (HCV) infection (seropositive donors), or for recipients with prior or current HBV or HCV infection (seropositive recipients). Transplant outcomes are reported for 416 recipients from 121 centers, who received a human leukocyte antigen‐identical related‐donor allogeneic transplant for hematologic malignancies between 1995 and 2003. Of these, 33 seronegative recipients received grafts from seropositive donors and 128 recipients were seropositive. The remaining 256 patients served as controls. With comparable median follow‐up (cases, 5.9 years; controls, 6.7 years), the incidence of treatment‐related mortality, survival, graft‐versus‐host disease, and hepatic toxicity, appears similar in all cohorts. The frequencies of hepatic toxicities as well as causes of death between cases and controls were similar. Prior exposure to HBV or HCV in either the donor or the recipient should not be considered an absolute contraindication to transplant.
Toxoplasmosis in cord blood transplantation recipients
Authors: Bautista G. , Ramos A. , Forés R. , Regidor C. , Ruiz E. , de Laiglesia A. , Navarro B. , Bravo J. , Portero F. , Sanjuan I. , Fernández M.N. , Cabrera R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a devastating opportunistic infection that can affect immunocompromised patients such as cord blood transplantation (CBT) recipients. The clinical characteristics of 4 toxoplasmosis CBT patients treated at our institution are reviewed, together with 5 cases collected from the literature. The rate of toxoplasmosis in our hospital was 6% in CBT recipients and 0.2% in other types of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (P < 0.001). Five patients (56%) presented disseminated toxoplasmosis and 4 patients (44%) had localized infection in the central nervous system. In 5 of the 9 patients considered (56%), cytomegalovirus viral replication had been detected before the clinical onset of toxoplasmosis. Seven patients (78%) had previously developed graft‐versus‐host disease. All patients who exhibited disseminated disease died due to Toxoplasma infection. Pre‐transplant serology was positive in 1 patient, negative in 3 patients, and not performed in another. Only 1 of these 5 patients with disseminated disease had received Toxoplasma prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole. It could be concluded that mortality in CBT patients with disseminated toxoplasmosis is unacceptably high. The negative results of serology in the majority of these cases, and its unspecific clinical presentation, makes diagnosis exceedingly difficult. Better diagnostic tests and prophylaxis strategy are needed in CBT recipients.
Pneumocystis pneumonia in hospitalized patients: a detailed examination of symptoms, management, and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected and HIV‐uninfected persons
Authors: McKinnell J.A. , Cannella A.P. , Kunz D.F. , Hook 3rd E.W. , Moser S.A. , Miller L.G. , Baddley J.W. , Pappas P.G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a life‐threatening infection for immunocompromised individuals. Robust data and clear guidelines are available for prophylaxis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related PCP (HIV‐PCP), yet few data and no guidelines are available for non‐HIV‐related PCP (NH‐PCP). We postulated that prevention and inpatient management of HIV‐PCP differed from NH‐PCP.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case review of all pathologically confirmed cases of PCP seen at the University of Alabama Medical Center from 1996 to 2008. Data on clinical presentation, hospital course, and outcome were collected using a standardized data collection instrument. Bivariate analysis compared prophylaxis, adjunctive corticosteroids, and clinical outcomes between patients with HIV‐PCP and NH‐PCP.ResultsOur analysis of the cohort included 97 cases of PCP; 65 HIV and 32 non‐HIV cases. Non‐HIV cases rarely received primary prophylaxis (4% vs. 38%, P = 0.01) and received appropriate antibiotics later in the course of hospitalization (5.2 days vs. 1.1 days, P < 0.005). Among transplant patients, NH‐PCP was diagnosed a mean of 1066 days after transplantation and most patients were on low‐dose corticosteroids (87%) at the time of disease onset. No significant differences in adjunctive corticosteroid use (69% vs. 77%, P = 0.39) and 90‐day mortality (41% vs. 28%, P = 0.20) were detected.ConclusionsPatients who have undergone organ or stem cell transplant remain at risk for PCP for many years after transplantation. In our cohort, patients who developed NH‐PCP were rarely given prophylaxis, and initiation of appropriate antibiotics was significantly delayed compared to cases of HIV‐PCP. Medical providers should be aware of the ongoing risk for NH‐PCP, even late after transplantation, and consider more aggressive approaches to both prophylaxis and earlier empirical therapy for PCP.
Depression in bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Authors: Moreno Carmen , Hasin Deborah S , Arango Celso , Oquendo Maria A , Vieta Eduard , Liu Shangmin , Grant Bridget F , Blanco Carlos 
Published: May 2012

Moreno C, Hasin DS, Arango C, Oquendo MA, Vieta E, Liu S, Grant BF, Blanco C. Depression in bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 271–282. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  To compare the clinical features and course of major depressive episodes (MDEs) occurring in subjects with bipolar I disorder (BD‐I), bipolar II disorder (BD‐II), and major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:  Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2001–2002), a nationally representative face‐to‐face survey of more than 43000 adults in the USA, including 5695 subjects with lifetime MDD, 935 with BD‐I and lifetime MDE, and 494 with BD‐II and lifetime MDE. Differences on sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features, course, and treatment patterns of MDE were analyzed.Results:  Most depressive symptoms, family psychiatric history, anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug use disorders, and personality disorders were more frequent—and number of depressive symptoms per MDE was higher—among subjects with BD‐I, followed by BD‐II, and MDD. BD‐I individuals experienced a higher number of lifetime MDEs, had a poorer quality of life, and received significantly more treatment for MDE than BD‐II and MDD subjects. Individuals with BD‐I and BD‐II experienced their first mood episode about ten years earlier than those with MDD (21.2, 20.5, and 30.4 years, respectively).Conclusions:  Our results support the existence of a spectrum of severity of MDE, with highest severity for BD‐I, followed by BD‐II and MDD, suggesting the utility of dimensional assessments in current categorical classifications.
Six‐month outcomes of customized adherence enhancement (CAE) therapy in bipolar disorder
Authors: Sajatovic Martha , Levin Jennifer , Tatsuoka Curtis , Micula‐Gondek Weronika , Fuentes‐Casiano Edna , Bialko Christopher S , Cassidy Kristin A 
Published: May 2012

Sajatovic M, Levin J, Tatsuoka C, Micula‐Gondek W, Fuentes‐Casiano E, Bialko CS, Cassidy KA. Six‐month outcomes of customized adherence enhancement (CAE) therapy in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 291–300. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  There are few psychosocial interventions specifically focused on improved treatment adherence in people with bipolar disorder (BD). Customized adherence enhancement (CAE) is a needs‐based, manualized approach intended to improve medication adherence in individuals with BD. This was a six‐month prospective trial of a CAE among 43 medication non‐adherent individuals with BD who were receiving treatment in a community mental health clinic (CMHC).Methods:  CAE was flexibly administered in modules applied as indicated by an initial adherence vulnerabilities screening. Screening identified reasons for non‐adherence and modules were then administered using pre‐set criteria. CAE effects were evaluated at six‐week, three‐month, and six‐month follow‐up. The six‐month follow‐up was our primary time point of interest. The primary outcome was change from baseline in adherence using the Tablets Routine Questionnaire (TRQ) and pill counts. Secondary outcomes included change from baseline in BD symptoms [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)].Results:  Subjects completed 86% of scheduled sessions, with only two individuals (5%) not participating in any sessions. The number of dropouts at six months was 12 (28%). Mean baseline non‐adherence by TRQ was 48% [standard error (SE) 4.8%] missed tablets within the previous week and 51% (4.1%) missed tablets within the previous month. At six‐month follow‐up, mean TRQ non‐adherence improved to 25% (6.8%) missed tablets for the previous week (p = 0.002) and 21% (5.5%) for the previous month (p < 0.001). Symptoms improved, with a change in the baseline mean (SE) BPRS of 43.6 (1.8) versus an endpoint of 36.1 (2.3) (p = 0.001), and baseline mean (SE) HAM‐D of 17.8 (1.1) versus an endpoint of 15.3 (1.6) (p = 0.044).Conclusion:  CAE was associated with improvements in adherence, symptoms, and functional status. Controlled trials are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Hippocampal volumes in bipolar disorders: opposing effects of illness burden and lithium treatment
Authors: Hajek Tomas , Cullis Jeffrey , Novak Tomas , Kopecek Miloslav , Höschl Cyril , Blagdon Ryan , O’Donovan Claire , Bauer Michael , Young L Trevor , MacQueen Glenda , Alda Martin 
Published: May 2012

Hajek T, Cullis J, Novak T, Kopecek M, Höschl C, Blagdon R, O’Donovan C, Bauer M, Young L T, MacQueen G, Alda M. Hippocampal volumes in bipolar disorders: opposing effects of illness burden and lithium treatment.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 261–270. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Hippocampal volume decrease associated with illness burden is among the most replicated findings in unipolar depression. The absence of hippocampal volume changes in most studies of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) may reflect neuroprotective effects of lithium (Li).Methods:  We recruited 17 BD patients from specialized Li clinics, with at least two years of regularly monitored Li treatment (Li group), and compared them to 12 BD participants with < 3 months of lifetime Li exposure and no Li treatment within two years prior to the scanning (non‐Li group) and 11 healthy controls. All BD patients had at least 10 years of illness and five episodes. We also recruited 13 Li‐naïve, young BD participants (15–30 years of age) and 18 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. We compared hippocampal volumes obtained from 1.5‐T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using optimized voxel‐based morphometry with small volume correction.Results:  The non‐Li group had smaller left hippocampal volumes than controls (corrected p < 0.05), with a trend for lower volumes than the Li group (corrected p < 0.1), which did not differ from controls. Young, Li‐naïve BD patients close to the typical age of onset had comparable hippocampal volumes to controls.Conclusions:  Whereas patients with limited lifetime Li exposure had significantly lower hippocampal volumes than controls, patients with comparable illness burden, but with over two years of Li treatment, or young Li‐naïve BD patients, showed hippocampal volumes comparable to controls. These results provide indirect support for neuroprotective effects of Li and negative effects of illness burden on hippocampal volumes in bipolar disorders.
Prevalence of the Defoliating Pathotype of Verticillium dahliae on Cotton in Central China and Virulence on Selected Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Xu Fei , Yang Long , Zhang Jing , Guo Xiaoping , Zhang Xianlong , Li Guoqing 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThree hundred and forty‐one isolates of Verticillium dahliae from upland cotton collected from 2007 to 2009 in central China (Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces) were tested for vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) and PCR‐based genotyping. Approximately 332 (97%) isolates belonged to VCG1A, whereas the remaining 9 (3%) isolates belonged to VCG2. PCR‐based genotyping also divided the isolates into two groups, namely PCR patterns A and C. There is a complete correspondence between the VCGs and genotypes (VCG1A to PCR pattern A and VCG2 to PCR pattern C). Representative isolates (10 VCG1A isolates, nine VCG2 isolates) were tested for virulence on seedlings of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cultivars E Mian 24 and Yin Rui 361). The VCG1A isolates caused cotton defoliation with the values of the disease severity index and the plant mortality being significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those caused by the VCG2 isolates, which did not cause any defoliation. Two isolates (one of each VCG) were also tested for virulence on 12 popular commercial upland cotton cultivars adapted in central China. Results showed that both isolates, particularly the defoliating pathotype (D pathotype) VCG1A isolate, were virulent on all the tested cotton cultivars. These results suggest that the D pathotype of V. dahliae is widely distributed and has become prevalent in central China.
Phomopsis cotoneastri as a Pathogen Associated with Trunk Cankers and Death of Young Apple Trees cv. Cripps Pink
Authors: Abreo Eduardo , Martínez Sebastián , Sessa Lucía , Bettucci Lina , Lupo Sandra 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis is the first report of Phomopsis cotoneastri as a pathogen isolated from sunken cankers in trunks of young apple trees cv. Cripps Pink that had died in the first year after planting. Phomopsis cotoneastri was identified by sequence analysis of part of the translation elongation factor 1‐alpha gene (EF1‐α). Pathogenicity of two isolates of P. cotoneastri was demonstrated in field conditions.
Many faces of pancreaticobiliary reflux
Authors: Williams Nicholas E. , Gundara Justin S. , Hugh Thomas J. , Samra Jaswinder S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPancreaticobiliary reflux may occur either as a result of an anatomically abnormal pancreaticobiliary junction or because of a functionally impaired sphincter despite a normal radiological appearance. It is associated with a wide spectrum of biliary diseases, including gall bladder and bile duct carcinoma. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction and related biliary reflux have been studied extensively in Southeast Asian populations and associations with choledochal cyst and biliary malignancy defined. However, reflux in the absence of ductal malunion has only been described relatively recently and its significance with respect to biliary malignancy requires clarification. We present four cases of pancreaticobiliary reflux to demonstrate the varied associations of this under‐recognized disorder and review the related management issues.
Surgical treatment for large hepatocellular carcinoma: does size matter?
Authors: Tsoulfas Georgios , Mekras Alexandros , Agorastou Polyxeni , Kiskinis Dimitrios 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDespite significant progress in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), patients with large HCC (defined as >10 cm) continue to present a significant challenge. The goal of this paper is to review the existing literature regarding large HCC, with emphasis on identifying the issues and challenges involved in approaching these tumours surgically. A computerized search was made of the Medline database from January 1992 to December 2010. The MESH heading ‘large’ or ‘huge’ in combination with the keyword ‘hepatocellular carcinoma’ was used. After excluding further studies that identified ‘large’ HCC as less than 10 cm and/or sequential publications with overlapping patient populations, the search produced a study population of 22 non‐duplicated papers, reporting on a total of 5223 patients with HCC tumours >10 cm. Regarding resection for large HCC, the overall 5‐year survival in these studies ranged from 25% to 45%, with few outliers on both sides, whereas in most studies, the 5‐year disease‐free survival ranged between 15% and 35%, with the only exception being studies with patients with single lesions and no cirrhosis showing disease‐free survival of 41% and 56%, respectively. Risk factors identified included vascular invasion, cirrhosis, high level of alpha‐fetoprotein and the presence of multiple lesions. Finally, liver transplantation, although an attractive concept, did not appear to offer a survival benefit in any of the studies. In conclusion, identifying the risk factors that affect the outcome in patients undergoing surgery for large HCC is critical. The reason is that surgical resection can have excellent outcomes in carefully selected patients.
Newly defined fracture pattern specific to Mason III radial head fractures: fracture description, management and outcomes using screw fixation
Authors: Duckworth David Gordon , Avakian Zorik , Chien Calvin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  Radial head fractures are the most common type of elbow fracture and are universally classified under the Mason classification system. Mason type III fractures are comminuted and are the most difficult to treat, generally requiring plating if possible, or more commonly arthroplasty or excision, which gives a variable outcome. We hypothesized that a new and specific fracture pattern of the radial head (Mason III) can be treated successfully with screw fixation.Methods:  Six patients presented to the senior surgeon's clinic with this unusual Mason III fracture pattern. In these patients, the fracture was acute, requiring an open reduction and internal fixation with the use of three headless compression screws. Average follow‐up time was 21 months. Using serial X‐rays and the Broberg–Morrey elbow score, the six acute fractures were evaluated radiologically and functionally.Results:  All six patients had good to excellent results using the Broberg–Morrey scoring system. All patients showed radiological and clinical union within 3 months of injury. No patient required revision surgery or excision at a later date.Discussion:  We have recognized a specific type of comminuted and displaced Mason III radial head fracture that has not previously been described in the literature. This type of fracture is amenable to open reduction internal fixation with buried compression screws giving a good to excellent outcome, while avoiding the common consequences seen with a radial head excision, arthroplasty or plate fixation.
Phylogenetic community ecology and the role of social dominance in sponge‐dwelling shrimp
Authors: Hultgren Kristin M. , Duffy J. Emmett 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWhen functional traits are evolutionarily conserved, phylogenetic relatedness can serve as a proxy for ecological similarity to examine whether functional differences among species mediate community assembly. Using phylogenetic‐ and trait‐based analyses, we demonstrate that sponge‐dwelling shrimp (Synalpheus) assemblages are structured by size‐based habitat filtering, interacting with competitive exclusion mediated by social system. Most shrimp communities were more closely related and/or more similar in size than randomized communities, consistent with habitat filtering facilitated by phylogenetically conserved body size. Those sponges with greater space heterogeneity hosted shrimp communities with greater size diversity, corroborating the importance of size in niche use. However, communities containing eusocial shrimp – which cooperatively defend territories – were less phylogenetically related and less similar in size, suggesting that eusociality enhances competitive ability and drives competitive exclusion. Our analyses demonstrate that community assembly in this diverse system occurs via traits mediating niche use and differential competitive ability.