bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of ‘foxy smelling compounds’ and 3‐alkyl‐2‐methoxypyrazines in grape juice
Authors: Panighel Annarita , Vedova Antonio Dalla , De Rosso Mirko , Gardiman Massimo , Flamini Riccardo 
Published: June 2010

Abstract2′‐Aminoacetophenone (o‐AAP) was identified as the main cause of the aging note called ‘hybrid note’ or ‘foxy smell’ which is typical of non‐Vitis vinifera grapes. Together with methyl anthranilate (MA), this compound contributes to the typical foxy taint of wines made with non‐Vitis vinifera grapes. 3‐Alkyl‐2‐methoxypyrazines in grapes, with their herbaceous note and very low sensory thresholds, contribute to the aroma of several wines. In this study, a solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC/IT‐MS/MS) method for simultaneous detection of o‐AAP, MA and ethyl‐, isopropyl‐, sec‐butyl‐ and isobutylmethoxypyrazine in grape juice was developed. The method was applied to the study of several grape juices: the time required for analysis was less than 24 min, and the method was considered to be suitable for analysis of ‘foxy compounds’ and methoxypyrazines in grape juice. The high levels of MA and o‐AAP found in Clinton and Siebel grapes confirmed the ‘hybrid’ character of these varieties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiling of lipids in Leishmania donovani using hydrophilic interaction chromatography in combination with Fourier transform mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Liang , T'Kind Ruben , Decuypere Saskia , von Freyend Simona John , Coombs Graham H. , Watson David G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThere is evidence from our current research on resistance to stibigluconate and from some previous observations that lipid composition may be altered in resistant Leishmania donovani and in order to explore this we required a comprehensive lipidomics method. Phospholipids can be analysed by direct infusion into a mass spectrometer and such methods can work very well. However, chromatographic methods can also be very effective and are extensively used. They potentially avoid ion suppression effects, associate lipid classes with a retention time range and deliver good quantitative accuracy. In the current study three chromatography columns were compared for their ability to separate different classes of lipid. Butylsilane (C‐4), Zic‐HILIC and a silica gel column were compared. The best results were obtained with a silica gel column used in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) mode with a mobile phase gradient consisting of (A) 20% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in acetonitrile (v/v) and (B) 20% IPA in 0.02 M ammonium formate. Using these conditions separate peaks were obtained for triglycerides (TG), phosphoinositols (PI), inositol phosphoceramides (IPC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylserines (PS), phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingosines (SG), lysophosphatidyethanolamines (LPE) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC). The methodology was applied to the analysis of lipid extracts from Leishmania donovani and by coupling the chromatography with an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. It was possible to detect 188 lipid species in the extracts with the following breakdown: PC 59, PE 38, TG 35, PI 20, CPI 13, LPC 11, LPE 2 and SG 10. The fatty acid composition of the more abundant lipids was characterised by MS2 and MS3 experiments carried out by using an LCQ Deca low‐resolution ion trap instrument coupled with the silica gel column. The separation of lipids into well‐defined groups gives extra confidence in their identification and minimises the risk of ion suppression effects. High‐resolution mass spectrometry was necessary in order to be able to differentiate between acyl‐ and acyl‐alkyl‐lipids. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rapid and specific derivatization procedure to identify acyl‐glucuronides by mass spectrometry
Authors: Vaz Alfin D. N. , Wang Wei Wei , Bessire Andrew J. , Sharma Raman , Hagen Anne E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA simple procedure is described to identify acyl‐glucuronides by coupled liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry after derivatization to a hydroxamic acid with hydroxylamine. The reaction specificity obviates the need for isolation of the acyl‐glucuronide from an extract. Glucuronides derived from carbamic acids, and alkyl‐ and aromatic amines, are inert to the derivatization reaction conditions, making the hydroxamic acid derivative a fingerprint for acyl‐glucuronides. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joule Heating a Palladium Nanowire Sensor for Accelerated Response and Recovery to Hydrogen Gas
Authors: Yang Fan , Taggart David K. , Penner Reginald M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe properties of a single heated palladium (Pd) nanowire for the detection of hydrogen gas (H2) are explored. In these experiments, a Pd nanowire, 48–98 µm in length, performs three functions in parallel: 1) Joule self‐heating is used to elevate the nanowire temperature by up to 128 K, 2) the 4‐contact wire resistance in the absence of H2 is used to measure its temperature, and 3) the nanowire resistance in the presence of H2 is correlated with its concentration, allowing it to function as a H2 sensor. Compared with the room‐temperature response of a Pd nanowire, the response of the heated nanowire to hydrogen is altered in two ways: First, the resistance change (ΔR/R0) induced by H2 exposure at any concentration is reduced by a factor of up to 30 and second, the rate of the resistance change – observed at the beginning (“response”) and at the end (“recovery”) of a pulse of H2 – is increased by more than a factor of 50 at some H2 concentrations. Heating nearly eliminates the retardation of response and recovery seen from 1–2% H2, caused by the α → β phase transition of PdHx, a pronounced effect for nanowires at room temperature. The activation energies associated with sensor response and recovery are measured and interpreted.
Reduction‐Sensitive, Robust Vesicles with a Non‐covalently Modifiable Surface as a Multifunctional Drug‐Delivery Platform
Authors: Park Kyeng Min , Lee Don‐Wook , Sarkar Bijay , Jung Hyuntae , Kim Jeeyeon , Ko Young Ho , Lee Kyung Eun , Jeon Hyesung , Kim Kimoon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe design and synthesis of a novel reduction‐sensitive, robust, and biocompatible vesicle (SSCB[6]VC) are reported, which is self‐assembled from an amphiphilic cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) derivative that contains disulfide bonds between hexaethylene glycol units and a CB[6] core. The remarkable features of SSCB[6]VC include: 1) facile, non‐destructive, non‐covalent, and modular surface modification using exceptionally strong host–guest chemistry; 2) high structural stability; 3) facile internalization into targeted cells by receptor‐mediated endocytosis, and 4) efficient triggered release of entrapped drugs in a reducing environment such as cytoplasm. Furthermore, a significantly increased cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug doxorubicin to cancer cells is demonstrated using doxorubicin‐loaded SSCB[6]VC, the surface of which is decorated with functional moieties such as a folate–spermidine conjugate and fluorescein isothiocyanate–spermidine conjugate as targeting ligand and fluorescence imaging probe, respectively. SSCB[6]VC with such unique features can be used as a highly versatile multifunctional platform for targeted drug delivery, which may find useful applications in cancer therapy. This novel strategy based on supramolecular chemistry and the unique properties of CB[6] can be extended to design smart multifunctional materials for biomedical applications including gene delivery.
An approach for serotonin depletion in pigs: Effects on serotonin receptor binding
Authors: Ettrup Anders , Kornum Birgitte R. , Weikop Pia , Knudsen Gitte M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDepletion of central serotonin (5‐HT) levels and dysfunction in serotonergic transmission are implicated in a variety of human CNS disorders. The mechanisms behind these serotonergic deficits have been widely studied using rodent models, but only to a limited extent in larger animal models. The pig is increasingly used as an experimental animal model especially in neuroscience research. Here, we present an approach for serotonin depletion in the pig brain. Central serotonin depletion in Danish Landrace pigs was achieved following 4 days treatment withpara‐chlorophenylalanine (pCPA). On day 5, tissue concentrations of 5‐HT in seven distinct brain structures from one hemisphere: frontal and occipital cortex, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, rostral, and caudal brain stem, were determined. The other hemisphere was processed for receptor autoradiography. Treatments with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kgpCPA caused average decreases in 5‐HT concentrations of 61% ± 14% and 66% ± 16%, respectively, and a substantial loss of 5‐HT immunostaining was seen throughout the brain. The serotonin depletion significantly increased 5‐HT4receptor binding in nucleus accumbens, but did not alter 5‐HT1Aand 5‐HT2Areceptor or serotonin transporter binding in any brain region. In conclusion, 4 days treatment withpCPA effectively reduces 5‐HT levels in the pig brain. Further, whereas several 5‐HT markers did not change after thepCPA treatment, 5‐HT4receptors were consistently upregulated, indicating a greater susceptibility of this receptor to altered 5‐HT levels. This porcine model of serotonin depletion will be useful in future studies of cerebral serotonergic dysfunction. Synapse 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proactive parenting practices during early adolescence: A cluster approach
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Christensen Katherine J. , Day Randal D. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the current study was to explore clusters of proactive parenting practices, and how they might vary as a function of parental demographics, the quality of the parent–child relationship, and the traits and behaviors of the adolescent child. Data were taken from the Flourishing Families Project, which includes 500 families with an early adolescent child (M age = 11.49). Findings suggested that there were four clusters of parents, and patterns were similar for mothers and fathers. Findings also suggested that proactive clusters varied primarily as a function of demographics of the parent (e.g., religiosity, ethnicity, education) and the traits and behaviors of the adolescent child (e.g., empathy, internalizing and externalizing behaviors). Discussion highlights the importance of using a typological approach to study parenting, and places particular emphasis on parents’ use of pre‐arming (alone, or in conjunction with other practices) in an attempt to avoid misbehavior before it occurs.
Credit market structure and bank screening
Authors: Agostino Mariarosaria , Gagliardi Francesca , Trivieri Francesco 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBased on a large panel of Italian SMEs, this paper focuses on the relationship between firms' default probability and the amount of bank debt they obtain, evaluating whether and to what extent this link is affected by the degree of competition characterizing the local credit market where firms operate. Using a dynamic panel estimator, we find that higher bank competition implies a stronger influence of firms' riskiness on bank financing to SMEs. We provide two plausible interpretations of this finding: one resorting to more accurate screening by more competitive banks; the other alleging lower market power of incumbent banks, which may restrict their willingness to finance riskier firms.
The satiety effect of disguised liquid preloads administered acutely and differing only in their nutrient content tended to be weaker for lipids but did not differ between proteins and carbohydrates in human subjects
Authors: Potier Mylène , Fromentin Gilles , Lesdema Aurélie , Benamouzig Robert , Tomé Daniel , Marsset-Baglieri Agnès 
Published: June 2010

Whether protein is the macronutrient with the strongest satiety effect remains a matter of debate because of the diversity of study designs employed. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of different liquid preloads made up of proteins, fats or carbohydrates only, under stringently controlled conditions, on satiety. Fifty-six subjects participated in the present study which consisted of four randomised test days, i.e. 1 d per macronutrient and one control day. During each test day, the subjects were required to consume the preload in full, and then their subsequent food intake was measured. The volunteers were divided into two groups: the first (T0) group, which consumed the preload immediately before lunch, and the second (T1) group, which consumed it 1 h beforehand. The main results showed that the participants consumed significantly less at lunch following the consumption of all three preloads than on the no-preload day, and consumed less after the consumption of the carbohydrate preload than after the consumption of the lipid preload. When energy from the preload was included, overall energy intake was significantly greater in all the three preload conditions than in the situation involving no preload, with only partial compensation for preload energy in all conditions. Total daily energy intake was highest after the lipid preload ingestion, but this could be a chance finding since it was not significantly higher than that observed after protein or carbohydrate preload ingestion. No significant effects of the interval between the preload and test meal ingestion were found. These results do not confirm the greater satiety effect of proteins than of carbohydrates, but partially confirm the weaker effect of fats.
Recurrent facial nerve palsy: the role of surgery
Authors: Doshi J , Irving R 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRepeated episodes of acute idiopathic facial paralysis present both a diagnostic and a management dilemma. We discuss these issues with reference to four adult cases managed between 1999 and 2008, thus adding to the sparse literature on this subject. For such cases, our unit performs decompression of geniculate, labyrinthine and meatal segments of the facial nerve via a middle fossa approach. A short video, available on The Journal of Laryngology & Otology website, demonstrates the key stages of the operation.We believe there is a role for surgical decompression in cases of recurrent acute facial weakness with three or more documented episodes, especially in the presence of progressive deterioration in function. Decompression of the geniculate, labyrinthine and meatal segments, via a middle fossa approach, is our favoured technique, and has achieved good results.
Acropora abundance and size in the Maldives six years after the 1998 mass mortality: patterns across reef typologies and depths
Authors: Lasagna Roberta , Albertelli Giancarlo , Morri Carla , Bianchi Carlo Nike 
Published: June 2010

In 1998, in coincidence with high sea surface temperatures, Maldivian reef corals were severely affected by mass mortality following bleaching. Tabular Acropora corals, formerly abundant in shallow water, were nearly exterminated. Recovery started soon, and in 2004 Maldivian reefs appeared rich in tabular Acropora colonies again, especially at some sites. This study aimed at determining the degree of spatial variability of tabular Acropora abundance and size among reef typologies (ocean versus lagoon reefs) and depth zones (4–6, 10–12 and 16–18 m) 6 years after the mass mortality event. A total of 192 tabular Acropora colonies (Ø > 16 cm) were counted and measured in six sites. Their abundance differed between reef typologies and according to depth zones, with the highest values in deep lagoon reefs. Colony mean size differed only among depth zones, the largest colonies (up to 105 cm) being found in shallow reefs. Assuming a radial extension rate of 10 cm · yr−1, colonies larger than 65 cm can be interpreted as the survivors of the mass mortality of 1998; conversely, they may represent the result of enhanced growth rates in uncrowded situations as those characterizing the coral reefs of the Maldives in 2004.
Killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Angolan and Gulf of Guinea waters, tropical West Africa
Authors: Weir Caroline R , Collins Tim , Carvalho Inês , Rosenbaum Howard C. 
Published: June 2010

Killer whalesOrcinus orcaare considered to be relatively uncommon in tropical waters. Few sightings have been reported from the west coast of Africa due to a paucity of survey coverage. We present data on 32 killer sightings from tropical waters off Angola (N = 18), Gabon (N = 7), São Tomé (N = 6) and Cameroon (N = 1), comprising a combination of dedicated survey sightings (N = 21) and reliable anecdotal records (n = 11). Killer whales were reported from coastal waters, the shelf edge and deep, oceanic areas. Sightings indicate a probable year-round occurrence of killer whales within the region. Mean group size was 5.6 animals. There was no difference in group size between sightings in waters >200 m deep and those on the continental shelf. No photo-identification matches were found between Angola, Gabon and São Tomé. Re-sightings of two individuals occurred annually in São Tomé during 2002–2004. Killer whales had external appearance consistent with the Type A nominate species form. Antagonistic encounters were recorded between killer whales and humpback whalesMegaptera novaeangliaeoff Angola, Gabon and Cameroon, and with sperm whalesPhyseter macrocephalusoff Angola. Predation on ocean sunfishMola molawas recorded in São Tomé, and possible predation on sharks was recorded twice in Gabon.
A new species of otoplanid (Plathelminthes: Rhabditophora: Otoplanidae) from Sicily, Italy
Authors: Lanfranchi A. , Meini G. , Melai M. 
Published: June 2010

A new species, Philosyrtis aegusae sp. nov., collected in the ‘Otoplanen-Zone’ of the sands of western Sicily, is described. The specimens show the typical morphological peculiarities of the subfamily Parotoplaninae (‘Turbellaria’: Otoplanidae), but differ clearly from the species already described. The body length of the sexually mature animals reaches 0.9–1.1 mm and they appear to belong to the genus Philosyrtis because of the general arrangement of testes and germo-vitellaria, and of the sclerotic apparatus. The vesicula granulorum is clearly distinct from the sclerotic apparatus unlike the other ten species belonging to the same genus. The male copulatory organ consists of a dorsal group of 7–8 spines similar in shape and length (33–40 mm), and a ventral group of at least 6 long thin spines with curved pointed tips. The new species differs from the already described species above all in its body dimensions, the shorter path of the vitellaries and especially the characteristics of the male sclerotic apparatus.
Influence of environmental and fishery parameters on loggerhead sea turtle by-catch in the longline fishery in the Azores archipelago and implications for conservation
Authors: Ferreira R.L. , Martins H.R. , Bolten A.B. , Santos M.A. , Erzini K. 
Published: June 2010

Oceanic juvenile loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, foraging in Azorean waters, are incidentally caught in drifting longlines that target swordfish, Xiphias gladius, and blue shark, Prionace glauca. Data were recorded during a longline gear modification experiment conducted in 2000. The results show that the captures are not uniformly distributed in relation to fishing effort, with 81% of the loggerheads (N = 232) caught in one-third of the sets (N = 93). The highest turtle catch rates were around the eastern group of islands, an area characterized by the presence of mesoscale eddies induced by bathymetric features. High catch rates coincided with the presence of the thermohaline front, between August and October, and when targeting blue shark. To investigate the causes of these differences we fitted a general linear model to evaluate the influence of mean depth, minimum depth, sea surface temperature (SST), soak area, soak time, moon phase and wind force on turtle and target species catch rates. These results revealed that mean depth and SST were most important for loggerhead catch rates, while minimum depth was the only significant variable for swordfish and mean depth, SST, wind force, moon phase and soak time influenced blue shark catches. The distribution of loggerhead sea turtles can be predicted by monitoring fishing areas in relation to bathymetry and SST. The impact of longline fishing could be greatly and quickly reduced by regulating the blue shark fishery and by increasing fishermen awareness for sea turtle conservation.
Prevalence ofLeucocytozoonspp, in the endangered yellow-eyed penguinMegadyptes antipodes
Authors: HILL A. G. , HOWE L. , GARTRELL B. D. , ALLEY M. R. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYYellow-eyed penguins on Stewart Island were identified with aLeucocytozoonspp. of a novel lineage in association with a high regional incidence of chick mortality (n=32, 100% mortality) during the November 2006 to January 2007 breeding season. Fourteen chicks from Stewart Island were examined post-mortem and histologically forLeucocytozooninfection. In addition, a survey of blood to detectLeucocytozoonspp. infections using PCR was performed on 107 yellow-eyed penguins from 4 distinct nesting areas on the South Island (Oamaru, Otago Peninsula, and Catlins) (n=95), and Stewart Island (n=12). The results of the study revealed that 2 of the 14 (14%) chicks necropsied showed severe, disseminated megaloschizont formation in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney and other tissues characteristic of leucocytozoonosis. Eighty-three percent (83%) of blood samples collected from Stewart Island penguins containedLeucocytozoonDNA, whereas samples from the 3 other nesting areas were negative for the blood parasite.Leucocytozoonspp. DNA sequences isolated from blood and tissues of adults (n=10) and chicks (n=7) were similar and grouped with other publishedLeucocytozoonspp. sequences but in a distinct cluster together with closely related isolates from a Western march harrier (Circus aerginosus) and common loon (Gavia immer). These findings suggest that yellow-eyed penguins on Stewart Island are infected with a regionally isolated, host-specificLeucocytozoonspp. which may contribute to the high chick mortality observed during this period.
Finding the Fifth Century: A Late Fourth- and Early Fifth-Century Pottery Fabric from South-East Dorset
Authors: Gerrard James 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a type of pottery made in the same region as Dorset Black Burnished Ware that can be shown to be current during the late fourth and early fifth centuries. This pottery — here named South-East Dorset Orange Wiped Ware — can be used as a diagnostic artefact to identify sites and features of the very late Roman period in Dorset. It also appears to be associated with a new architectural tradition typified by the ‘sunken featured buildings’ present at the late and post-Roman site of Poundbury.