bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining multivariate analysis and monosaccharide composition modeling to identify plant cell wall variations by Fourier Transform Near Infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Smith-Moritz Andreia M , Chern Mawsheng , Lao Jeemeng , Sze-To Wing Hoi , Heazlewood Joshua L , Ronald Pamela C , Vega-Sánchez Miguel E 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe outline a high throughput procedure that improves outlier detection in cell wall screens using FT-NIR spectroscopy of plant leaves. The improvement relies on generating a calibration set from a subset of a mutant population by taking advantage of the Mahalanobis distance outlier scheme to construct a monosaccharide range predictive model using PLS regression. This model was then used to identify specific monosaccharide outliers from the mutant population.
Effect of short-acting beta blocker on the cardiac recovery after cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Sun Jie , Ding Zhengnian , Qian Yanning 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of beta blocker on cardiac recovery and rhythm during cardiac surgeries. Sixty surgical rheumatic heart disease patients were received esmolol 1 mg/kg or the same volume of saline prior to removal of the aortic clamp. The incidence of cardiac automatic re-beat, ventricular fibrillation after reperfusion, the heart rate after steady re-beat, vasoactive drug use during weaning from bypass, the posterior parallel time and total bypass time were decreased by esmolol treatment. In conclusion: Esmolol has a positive effect on the cardiac recovery in cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries.
Scope of claim coverage in patents of fufang Chinese herbal drugs: Substitution of ingredients
Authors: Wang Xinsheng , Tian Jiaher , Chan Albert Wai-Kit 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Herbal ingredients in a Chinese fufang prescription are often replaced by one or several other herbal combinations. As there have been very few Chinese herbal patent infringement cases, it is still unclear how the Doctrine of Equivalents should be applied to determine the scope of 'equivalents' in Chinese fufang prescriptions. Case law principles from cases in other technical areas such as chemical patents and biological drug patents can be borrowed to ascertain a precise scope of a fufang patent. This article summarizes and discusses several chemical and biopharmaceutical patent cases. In cases where a certain herbal ingredient is substituted by another herb or a combination of herbs, accused infringers are likely to relate herbal drug patents to chemical drug patents with strict interpretation whereas patent owners may take advantage of the liberal application of Doctrine of Equivalence in biopharmaceutical patents by analogizing the complex nature of herbal drugs with biological drugs. Therefore, consideration should be given to the purpose of an ingredient in a patent, the qualities when combined with the other ingredients and the intended function. The scope of equivalents also depends on the stage of the prior art. Moreover, it is desirable to disclose any potential substitutes when drafting the application. Claims should be drafted in such a way that all foreseeable modifications are encompassed for the protection of the patent owner's intellectual property.
Familial tumoral calcinosis in two Chinese patients: a case series
Authors: Zhang Che , Gu Jiaowei , Cheng Xiaoli , Xiong Kui 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Tumoral calcinosis is a rare and benign condition characterized by massive subcutaneous soft tissue deposits of calcium phosphate predominantly around large joints.

Case presentation
Familial tumoral calcinosis was present in two members of a Han Chinese family, namely, the son and daughter. The 14-year-old son had the first operation on his right sole of the foot at the age of six, and then experienced subsequent surgeries at a lesion in his right sole of the foot and left hip, respectively. The 16-year-old daughter underwent her first operation at the age of six in her left gluteal region, and subsequent surgeries were performed due to recurrence at the same lesion. Pathologic diagnoses of surgical specimens in both of the patients were reported as tumoral calcinosis. The laboratory results showed hyperphosphatemia with normal levels of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase. Only surgical treatment was performed in both patients with satisfactory prognosis.

Conclusion
This is the first report of Chinese familial tumoral calcinosis. The etiopathogenisis and treatment are discussed.
Hypocellular scar formation or aberrant fibrosis induced by an intrastromal corneal ring: a case report
Authors: Cao Xiaoguang , Ursea Roxana , Shen Defen , Ramkumar Hema L , Chan Chi-Chao 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Intrastromal corneal rings or segments are approved for the treatment of myopia and astigmatism associated with keratoconus. We describe a clinicopathological case of intrastromal corneal rings. For the first time, the molecular pathological findings of intrastromal corneal rings in the cornea are illustrated.

Case presentation
A 47-year-old African-American man with a history of keratoconus and failure in using a Rigid Gas Permeable contact lens received an intrastromal corneal ring implant in his left eye. Due to complications, penetrating keratoplasty was performed. The intrastromal corneal ring channels were surrounded by a dense acellular (channel haze) and/or hypocellular (acidophilic densification) collagen scar and slightly edematous keratocytes. Mild macrophage infiltration was found near the inner aspect of the intrastromal corneal rings. Molecular analyses of the microdissected cells surrounding the intrastromal corneal ring channels and central corneal stroma revealed 10 times lower relative expression of IP-10/CXCL10 mRNA and two times higher CCL5 mRNA in the cells surrounding the intrastromal corneal ring, as compared to the central corneal stroma. IP-10/CXCL10 is a fibrotic and angiostatic chemokine produced by macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts.

Conclusion
An intrastromal corneal ring implant can induce hypocellular scar formation and mild inflammation, which may result from aberrant release of fibrosis-related chemokines.
Single-cell copy number variation detection
Authors: Cheng Jiqiu , Vanneste Evelyne , Konings Peter , Voet Thierry , Vermeesch Joris R , Moreau Yves 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDetection of chromosomal aberrations from a single cell by array comparative genomic hybridization (single-cell array CGH), instead of from a population of cells, is an emerging technique. However, such detection is challenging because of the genome artifacts and the DNA amplification process inherent to the single cell approach. Current normalization algorithms result in inaccurate aberration detection for single-cell data. We propose a normalization method based on channel, genome composition and recurrent genome artifact corrections. We demonstrate that the proposed channel clone normalization significantly improves the copy number variation detection in both simulated and real single-cell array CGH data.
Premorbid risk markers for chronic fatigue syndrome in the 1958 British birth cohort
Authors: Clark Charlotte , Goodwin Laura , Stansfeld Stephen A. , Hotopf Matthew , White Peter D. 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundLittle is known about the aetiology of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME); prospective studies suggest a role for premorbid mood disorder.AimsTo examine childhood and early adult adversity, ill health and physical activity as premorbid risk markers for CFS/ME by 42 years, taking psychopathology into account.MethodData were from the 1958 British birth cohort, a prospective study from birth to 42 years (n= 11 419). The outcomes were self-reported CFS/ME (n= 127) and operationally defined CFS-like illness (n= 241) at 42 years.ResultsAdjusting for psychopathology, parental physical abuse (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10, 95% CI 1.16–3.81), childhood gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.00–2.50) and parental reports of many colds (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.09–2.50) were independently associated with self-reported CFS/ME. Female gender and premorbid psychopathology were the only risk markers for CFS-like illness, independent of comorbid psychopathology.ConclusionsThis confirms the importance of premorbid psychopathology in the aetiological pathways of CFS/ME, and replicates retrospective findings that childhood adversity may play a role in a minority.
Impact on Informed Choice of Offering Antenatal Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Screening in Primary Care: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Brown Katrina , Dormandy Elizabeth , Reid Erin , Gulliford Martin , Marteau Theresa 
Published: August 2011

Objectives Offering antenatal sickle cell and thalassaemia (SCT) screening early in pregnancy can maximize the range of post-screening choices available, however these benefits should not be obtained at the expense of informed choice. This study examined whether offering this screening in primary care at the time of pregnancy confirmation compromises women making informed choices. Design Partial factorial, cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting 25 general practices in two socially deprived UK areas. Participants 464 pregnant women offered antenatal SCT screening. Intervention Practices were randomly allocated to offer pregnant women screening: i) in primary care at time of pregnancy confirmation, with parallel partner testing ( n = 191), ii) in primary care at time of pregnancy confirmation, with sequential partner testing ( n = 158), or iii) in secondary care by midwives, with sequential partner testing (standard care, n = 115). Main outcome Informed choice-a classification based on attitudes, knowledge and test uptake. Results 91% of woman underwent screening. About a third (30.6%) made an informed choice to accept or decline screening: 34% in primary care parallel group; 23.4% in primary care sequential and 34.8% in secondary care sequential. Allowing for adjustments, rates of informed choice did not vary by intervention group: secondary care versus primary care with parallel partner testing OR 1.07 (95% CI 0.56 to 2.02); secondary care versus primary care with sequential partner testing OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.36 to 1.25). Uninformed choices were generally attributable to poor knowledge (65%). Conclusion Offering antenatal SCT screening in primary care did not reduce the likelihood that women made informed choices. Rates of informed choice were low and could be increased by improving knowledge.
Screening Outcomes in Women over Age 70 Who Self-refer in the Nhsbsp in England
Authors: Bennett R L , Moss S M 
Published: August 2011

Setting The NHS breast screening programme (NHSBSP) in England currently invites women aged 50-70 every three years. Whilst screening is acknowledged as efficacious for women aged 50-69, several countries routinely invite women up to the age of 74. The NHSBSP in England is beginning to invite women up to the age of 73. Although the incidence of breast cancer increases with age, the possible benefits of screening older women must be balanced against shorter life expectancies and possible overdiagnosis. In England women can self-refer after reaching the invitation upper age limit. Objective We examined the extent to which older women in England self-referred over a three-year period and studied the screening outcomes in these women. Methods Routinely collected data from screening units in England were used to calculate screening performance measures for women who self-referred between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2008. The tumour characteristics of all screen-detected cancers were examined by previous screening history and age group (71-74 and ≥75 years). Results During the three-year period 139,910 women aged over 70 self-referred; equivalent to 4% of the female population aged over 70 having been screened. The majority of women who self-referred had been screened within the previous five years (76% of those aged 71-74 and 65% of those aged 75 or over). Approximately 4% of these women were recalled for assessment and cancer detection rates were similar in both age groups. Conclusion Only a small proportion of all women aged over 70 utilize the self-referral policy of the NHSBSP, and most such women are aged below 80.
Extending the Age Range for Breast Screening in England: Pilot Study to Assess the Feasibility and Acceptability of Randomization
Authors: Moser Kath , Sellars Sarah , Wheaton Margot , Cooke Julie , Duncan Alison , Maxwell Anthony , Michell Michael , Wilson Mary , Beral Valerie , Peto Richard , Richards Mike , Patnick Julietta 
Published: August 2011

Objective To assess the feasibility and acceptability of randomizing the phased introduction of the extension of the invited age range in the National Health Service (NHS) Breast Screening Programme in England from 50-70 to 47-73 years. Setting Six volunteer breast screening units (BSUs) in England. Methods Cluster-randomized trial of invitation versus no invitation for breast screening. Study participants: women aged 47-49 and 71-73 years in screening batches randomized between 1 June 2009 and 31 May 2010. Outcomes: workload, screening uptake among women invited, self-referrals among women not invited, and screening outcomes among women invited. Results A total of 312 screening batches (clusters) were randomized including 60,708 women. Screening uptake was 63% in women aged 47-49 and 62% in women aged 71-73. Those who attended screening in the younger age group were more likely to be recalled for assessment than older attendees (7.5% vs. 3.0%) but less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer (0.5% vs. 1.1%). Among women not invited, 0.2% of those aged 47-49 and 6.8% of those aged 71-73 self-referred for screening. Despite the extra workload BSUs largely coped although there was some slippage in round lengths and other targets. Conclusion No major problems of feasibility or acceptability of randomization were found. This pilot study has informed the randomized phasing-in of the age extension across the whole of England.
Treating Hypertension in the Very Elderly
Authors: Charpentier Margaret M , Bundeff Andrew 
Published: August 2011

Objective: To review the evidence for strict blood pressure (BP) management in the very elderly, defined as patients aged 80 years and older. Data Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed (1950 through November 2010) for the MeSH terms hypertension and elderly; subterms of identified MeSH terms (le. explosion) for the elderly were also searched. A broader search was conducted of PubMed articles published in the past 4 years. Searches were conducted for additional primary literature referenced in identified articles; an updated Cochrane Database review was also performed, Study Selection And Data Extraction: All identified studies that specifically included very elderly patients and BP were reviewed. Data Synthesis: The BP goal established in the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) is less than 140/90 mm Hg, regardless of age, unless a compelling indication exists. Although evidence suggests that lowering BP will lower the risk of stroke, lower BP in the very elderly may result in higher mortality. Many physicians are reluctant to treat BP in accordance with the JNC 7 goal in very elderly patients for a variety of reasons, including concerns about fall risk, lack of benefit in mortality reduction, and concerns about drug interactions and adverse effects. Results from a randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis have demonstrated reductions in stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular events in the very elderly. The American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association recently published guidelines for elderly patients that suggest treating the very elderly carefully and with different BP goals than previously recommended. Conclusions: Optimal management of hypertension in the very elderly remains a concern. Few studies have evaluated hypertension in this population, and studies that included patients over 80 enrolled too few to draw conclusions. Although the HYVET (Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial) study did have adequate power to evaluate the very elderly, because this study was stopped early because of significant findings in mortality, unanswered questions remain regarding optimal BP targets.
Importance of Including Early Nonadherence in Estimations of Medication Adherence
Authors: Raebel Marsha A , Carroll Nikki M , Ellis Jennifer L , Schroeder Emily B , Bayliss Elizabeth A 
Published: August 2011

Background Many medication adherence metrics are based on refill rates determined from pharmacy claims databases. However, these methods do not incorporate assessment of nonadherence to new prescriptions when those prescriptions are never dispensed (primary nonadherence), or dispensed only once (early nonpersistence). As a result, published studies may overestimate adherence, but the extent of overestimation posed by not considering patients with primary nonadherence and early nonpersistence has not been assessed. Objective: To estimate the magnitude of misestimation in adherence estimates that results from not including patients with primary nonadherence and early nonpersistence, Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 15,417 patients enrolled in an integrated health care delivery system who were newly prescribed an antihypertensive, antidiabetic, or antihyperlipidemic medication. We linked prescription orders to medication dispensings. Based on dispensing and refill rates, we stratified patients into primary nonadherent, early nonpersistent, and ongoing dispensings groups. Adherence was estimated using the proportion of days covered (PDC). Standardized observation periods were applied across all groups. Results: A total of 1142 (7.4%) patients were primarily nonadherent, 3356 (21.8%) demonstrated early nonpersistence, and 10,919 (70.8%) patients received ongoing dispensings, with a mean PDC of 84%. Not including primarily nonadherent and early nonpersistent patients in calculations resulted in adherence estimates overestimated by 9-18%. Conclusions: When medication adherence is estimated from pharmacy claims databases, adherence estimates are substantially inflated because primarily nonadherent and early nonpersistent patients are not included in the estimations. An implication of this incorrect estimation is potential distortion of the true relationship between medication adherence and clinical outcomes.
Baseline and Follow-up Laboratory Monitoring of Cardiovascular Medications
Authors: Tjia Jennifer , Fischer Shira H , Raebel Marsha A , Peterson Daniel , Zhao Yanfang , Gagne Shawn J , Gurwitz Jerry H , Field Terry S 
Published: August 2011

Background Laboratory monitoring of medications is typically used to establish safety prior to drug initiation and to detect drug-related injury following initiation. It is unclear whether black box warnings (BBWs) as well as evidence- and consensus-based clinical guidelines increase the likelihood of appropriate monitoring. Objective: To determine the proportion of patients newly initiated on selected cardiovascular medications with baseline assessment and follow-up laboratory monitoring and compare the prevalence of laboratory testing for drugs with and without BBWs and guidelines. Methods: This cross-sectional study Included patients aged 18 years or older from a large multispecialty group practice who were prescribed a cardiovascular medication (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, amlodarone, digoxin, lipid-lowering agents, diuretics, and potassium supplements) between January 1 and July 31, 2008. The primary outcome measure was laboratory test ordering for baseline assessment and follow-up monitoring of newly initiated cardiovascular medications. Results: The number of new users of each study drug ranged from 49 to 1757 during the study period. Baseline laboratory test ordering across study drugs ranged from 37.4% to 94.8%, and follow-up laboratory test ordering ranged from 20.0% to 77.2%. Laboratory tests for drugs with baseline laboratory assessment recommendations in BBWs were more commonly ordered than for drugs without BBWs (66.4% vs 78.0%, p < 0.001), Drugs with follow-up monitoring recommendations in clinical guidelines had a lower prevalence of monitoring (33.1% va 50.7%. p< 0.001). Conclusions: Baseline assessment of cardiovascular medication monitoring is variable. Quality measurement of adherence to BBW recommendations may improve monitoring.
Domperidone-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia and Withdrawal Psychosis in an Elderly Woman with Dementia
Authors: Roy-Desruisseaux Jessika , Landry Julie , Bocti Christian , Tessier Daniel , Hottin Paule , Trudel Jean-François 
Published: August 2011

Objective: To report a case of probable domperidone-induced tardive dyskinesia and withdrawal psychosis in an elderly woman. Case Summary: A 75-year-old woman was first assessed for cognitive decline and personality changes. On clinical examination, diffuse choreoathetoid movements were noted. Chronic domperidone use seemed the most likely cause for the movement disorder and was abruptly discontinued. Within a few days, she developed a severe psychotic syndrome with Capgras delusions; the movement disorder continued unabated. Both the movement disorder and psychotic symptoms promptly remitted with risperidone treatment. Discussion: Domperidone has, on rare occasions, been associated with acute extrapyramidal syndromes, especially in young children, but, to our knowledge, this is the first case of domperidone-Induced tardive dyskinesia and withdrawal psychosis, adverse effects associated with chronic central nervous system dopaminergic blockade. Domperidone is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that does not usually cross the blood-brain barrier. However, blood-brain barrier alterations occur with aging and dementia, which may explain central nervous system penetration of domperidone in our patient, diagnosed with probable frontotemporal dementia. The association was rated as probable on the Naranjo probability scale. Conclusions: Chronic use of domperidone may, on rare occasions, induce neuropsychiatric syndromes similar to those seen with the use of antipsychotics. This may be more likely in situations in which the blood-brain barrier is damaged, as in vascular and degenerative dementias.
Insulin modulates glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion from enteroendocrine K cells in rats
Authors: Irwin Nigel , Francis Jacqueline M.E. , Flatt Peter R. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Effects of insulin excess and deficiency on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was examined in rats following insulinoma transplantation or streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Over 14 days, food intake was increased (p<0.001) in both groups of rats, with decreased body weight (p<0.01) in STZ rats. Non-fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased (p<0.01) and plasma insulin levels increased (p<0.001) in insulinoma-bearing rats, whereas STZ treatment elevated glucose (p<0.001) and decreased insulin (p<0.01). Circulating GIP concentrations were elevated (p<0.01) in both animal models. At 14 days, oral glucose resulted in a decreased glycaemic excursion (p<0.05) with concomitant elevations in insulin release (p<0.001) in insulinoma-bearing rats, whereas STZ-treated rats displayed similar glucose-lowering effects but reduced insulin levels (p<0.01). GIP concentrations were augmented in STZ rats (p<0.05) following oral glucose. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were not affected by oral fat, but fat-induced GIP secretion was particularly (p<0.05) increased in insulinoma-bearing rats. Exogenous GIP enhanced (p<0.05) glucose-lowering in all groups of rats accompanied by insulin releasing (p<0.001) effects in insulinoma-bearing and control rats. Both rat models exhibited increased (p<0.001) intestinal weight but decreased intestinal GIP concentrations. These data suggest that circulating insulin has direct and indirect effects on the synthesis and secretion of GIP.