bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal fixation of cruciate ligament avulsion fractures with metallic implants
Authors: Tank Parag M. , Patel Vijay J. , Patel Harsh N. , Ashwin Krishna Kumar , Patel Nimish B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tibial spine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion injuries are uncommon injuries and are less accompanied with tear or rupture of ligaments. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsions are significantly associated with concomitant injuries.

Methods:
Thirteen patients with tibial avulsion fractures were studied (7 with anterior cruciate and 6 with posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures). All patients were operated with open reduction and internal fixation with metallic stainless steel or titanium implants and were followed up for 12-24 months. Functional and clinical outcomes were observed with Lysholm knee score and GH SF36 score at 6 months, 1 year and at final visit.

Results:
Mean radiological union was 11.6 weeks in both cruciate avulsion fractures. Of the 13 cases, 11 were treated with cannulated screws and 2 were treated with 3.5 mm stainless steel plate. We had observed mean motion of knee to be 131.42° in ACL avulsion fractures and 143.33° in PCL avulsion fractures. Mean Lysholm score at final visit was 87.38 and mean SF36 general health score was 85.41.

Conclusion:
In regards of cruciate ligaments tibial avulsion fractures, metallic implants are coveted choice of fixation with charismatic experience of learning and expertise. Metallic implants impose a definite functional outcome with sure and reliable union rate and secure activity of daily living without any implant related adverse issues.
Second primary malignancies: A clinicopathological study from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Chitturi Ramya , Renuka I.V , Mandava Harika , Mullagura Anusha , Gokanakonda Sravani , Pattela Naga Tulasi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Second primary malignancy (SPM) is defined as a second de novo malignant neoplasm arising in a patient with known primary malignancy. SPM is common and can occur synchronously or metachronously.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied the epidemiological factors, patterns of occurrence and common associations of SPMs seen in our Department of Pathology during the period January 2016 and December 2020. The case details were retrieved from the medical records. SPM were diagnosed as per the International Association of Cancer Registries and International Agency for Research on Cancer criteria.

Results:
During the study period, 22 cases were seen. Their age ranged from 36 to 80 years; females had outnumbered males (female:male = 3.4:1). The most common site for metachronous primary was breast and the most common site for SPMs was head and neck. The median age for diagnosis of metachronous SPM was 59.2 years (range 41–80 years). The time interval for development of metachronous SPMs ranged from 6 months to 9 years.

Conclusions:
Our observations suggest that increased awareness regarding the entity and regular follow-up of patients can aid in early diagnosis of SPMs.
Knowledge, attitude and perception on organ donation amongst undergraduate students, post-graduate students and senior residents at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North-eastern India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhuyan Geet , Rabha Anju Moni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Organ transplantation is one of the most important modalities of treatment for patients with end-stage renal diseases. The involvement of healthcare professionals is one of the key factors in increasing awareness about organ donation and transplantation.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based study was conducted amongst undergraduate, post-graduate junior residents and senior resident doctors (n = 113) in a tertiary care teaching hospital using convenient sampling. We studied the knowledge, attitude and perception on organ donation

Results:
We observed that 94.6% of the participants had a positive attitude towards organ donation and around 83% were willing to donate their organs. However, the participants lacked adequate knowledge about the process of organ donation and the various aspects related to it.

Conclusions:
The medical students and young doctors had a positive attitude towards organ donation, and most of the study participants are willing to donate. However, knowledge regarding it lacked in majority of the students.
Knowledge, Acceptance, and Satisfaction about Dental Implant among Patients of Patan District of Gujarat
Authors: Shaikh Rukhshana N. , Chauhan Chirag J. , Prajapati Nikunj , Tintodana Komil , Patel Ghanshyam , Machchar Abhay 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Patan is a district of North Gujarat having a mainly rural population. Here, patients are having lack of knowledge with regard to the replacement of teeth especially by dental implant option.

Aim:
To know about the awareness and knowledge of dental implant as well as its acceptance and satisfaction rate among patients as a replacement option for missing teeth in patients of Patan district of Gujarat state.

Settings and Design:
A self-explanatory questionnaire-based study.

Methods and Material:
About 707 out of 800 patients were included in the present study.

Results:
Only 28.6% of participants knew about dental implant treatment for the replacement of missing teeth. The younger and more educated participants showed more awareness and knowledge with slight differences within gender. Patients showed just 24.7% acceptance. Around 76.3% of participants noted satisfaction by their known acquaintances about dental implant treatment.

Conclusions:
This study demarcates a lack of awareness and knowledge of dental implants in the patients of the Patan district. The government has to arrange the awareness program repeatedly for patients about restoration of the missing teeth by using different means and avail dental implant treatment in government-based hospitals.
Knowledge of Noncommunicable Diseases and Social Media among Secondary School Teachers in Akinyele Local Government Area Oyo State Nigeria
Authors: Sanni-Adeniyi Rukayat Ayanlola , Titiloye Musibau , Ajuwon Ademola 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Social media (SM) are now widely available and can potentially play an important role in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The school environment is a key location for educating children about NCDs and the teachers’ level of knowledge may have an impact on them. This study investigated the knowledge of NCDs and SM among secondary school teachers.

Materials and Methods:
Using a self-administered questionnaire, data were collected from 423 randomly selected male and female secondary school teachers teaching in both public and private secondary schools located in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, in May 2018. Knowledge of SM was measured on a 10-point scale (scores 0–3, 4–6, and 7–10 were rated as poor, fair, and good, respectively), while knowledge of NCDs was measured on a 28-point scale (scores 0–8, 9–18, and 19–28 were rated as poor, fair, and good, respectively). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression tests at a 5% level of significance.

Results:
Findings showed that the mean age of respondents was 33.5 ± 0.5 and 52.5% were female. About half (51.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge of SM. Less than half (28.1%) had good knowledge of NCDs. Knowledge of SM was significantly associated with age (P < 0.001), while knowledge of NCDs had no significant association.

Conclusion:
Based on these results, a gap exists regarding teachers’ knowledge of NCDs. Health professionals may contribute to teacher training curriculum development to include health education targeted toward NCD prevention.
A Study on Seasonal Trends among Animal Bite Victims Reported to a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jabalpur
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Patel Sunita , Maiti Arindam , Mishra Ashish 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease that is 100% fatal, yet 100% preventable. It is estimated that 17.4 million exposures with 20,000 deaths due to animal bites occur every year in India, with higher cases in particular seasons. Hence, this study aimed to find out the seasonal trend among animal bite victims for the past 3 years.

Subjects and Methods:
It was a record-based retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Jabalpur, for a period of 2 months (September 2022 to October 2022) for the years 2018, 2019, and 2020 among 1518 victims. Data were entered into MS Excel, and descriptive statistical analysis was done using IBM-SPSS version 23.0.

Results:
It was observed that, majority were dog-bite victims with maximum unprovoked bite showing decrease in trend from 2018 to 2019, and then increase in 2020. In this study, maximum bites were seen in winter (23.99% in 2018, 52.61% in 2019, and 50% in 2020), followed by monsoon (12.64%) in 2018 and summer in both 2019 and 2020.

Conclusion:
In the study, maximum bites were noted during winter, followed by the monsoon in 2018 and summer in 2019 and 2020, showing an increase in trend and then a downfall in 2020, maybe due to the COVID-19 period lockdown. This study will help policymakers formulate appropriate plans, activities, and logistic support for the management of animal bite victims.
Attitude, Practice, and Awareness of Oral Hygiene Care among Nursing Professionals of a Tertiary Care Center of Malda in West Bengal: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jana Anjan , Mukhopadhyay Santanu , Maji Antarip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral hygiene care among nursing professionals of a tertiary care center of Malda in West Bengal.

Background:
Oral cavity is the reflector of our general health. The relationship between oral health and systemic health is well established, but a lack of awareness and knowledge regarding dental hygiene restrains people from proper oral care. Most of the people including health workers do only brushing as their daily oral care process, ignoring the other important aspects of oral hygiene including regular tongue cleaning, use of interdental cleaning aids, change of toothbrush in a periodic manner, and regular dental checkups.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. After evaluating for the content validity and reliability, a self-structured questionnaire comprising ten questions about their oral hygiene was distributed among nursing professionals of Malda Medical College in a printed format after obtaining informed consent. Total 261 responses were gathered. Informed consent was obtained from each participant, and data were collected anonymously to maintain participants’ confidentiality. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical software IBM SPSS for Windows, version 27.0.

Results:
Most of the participants use two times brushing as their regular dental care (77.4%) and use toothbrush and paste for the same (99.2%). Soft toothbrush is the most preferable choice (70.9%). Apart from brushing, other oral care methods are neglected, only 23.8% of participants use interdental cleaning aids, 79.3% use tongue cleaning, and only 8.8% have done regular dental checkups.

Conclusion:
The result of the present study depicts the limitation of knowledge and practice of oral hygiene care among nursing professionals of Malda Medical College. In spite of their health-care background, they have limited knowledge regarding regular oral hygiene care. Though most of them use two times brushing, but unaware about the importance of interdental cleaning and tongue cleaning habits.
Role of Denosumab and Zoledronic Acid in Geriatric Hip Fractures – A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Madhuchandra P. , Nandeesh S. , Raju K. P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Osteoporotic hip fractures are on the raise in the world. Denosumab and zoledronic acid are among the commonly used current anti-osteoporotic medications to reduce hip fractures. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness and adverse events of denosumab and zoledronic acid in geriatric patients after a hip fracture.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted between February 2020 and May 2021, and a total of 104 patients were included in the study. Fifty-three patients were given subcutaneous (SC) denosumab once in 6 months, and 51 patients were given intravenous (IV) zoledronic acid. The percentage changes in the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) values from the baseline values were compared between both the groups at 0, 12, and 24 months.

Results:
The percentage increase in lumbar-bone mineral density (L-BMD) was higher significantly in the denosumab group when compared to the zoledronic acid group at 12 months (6.8 ± 0.9 vs. 4.5 ± 0.7; P < 0.01) and 24 months (9.2 ± 0.9 vs. 7.1 ± 0.8; P < 0.001). There was a significant percentage change in the hip-bone mineral density (BMD) in both the groups; however, a higher mean percentage change was noted in the denosumab group when compared to the zoledronic acid group at 12 months and 24 months (P < 0.04 and P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
We conclude that SC-given denosumab has got a better efficacy on comparison with the IV-given zoledronic acid. Randomized control trials with a large sample size and longer follow-up are required to come to conclusion regarding patient safety, compliance, and persistence.
Assessment of Outdoor Background Radiation Level and its Radiological Hazards at Jimeta and Yola Towns of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Musa , Muhammad A.G. , Kamaludeen Mustapha , Bayel Haruna Sallau 
Published: April 2024

The radiation from different types of radionuclides has both advantages and disadvantages. However, detailed research reveals that the drawbacks of several radionuclides far outweigh their advantages, particularly in regions with high concentrations, posing alarming impacts on human health. The study focuses on assessing outdoor background radiation levels in Jimeta and Yola towns, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Using a well-calibrated portable halogen-quenched Geiger Muller (GM) detector at 20 locations, measurements were taken at an elevation of 1.0m above ground level, with GPS tracking for accurate location. The research evaluates radiological health hazards and radiation effective doses to different body organs based on outdoor background exposure rates. Comparison with recommended permissible limits reveals that mean values for outdoor background exposure levels (0.016 mRh-1) and absorbed dose rates (147.46 nGyh-1) exceed safety limits (0.013 mRh-1, 84.0 nGyh-1) set by UNSCEAR and ICRP. The total excessive lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) ranged from 0.33× 10−3 to 2.61× 10−3 , with a mean value of 0.78 × 10−3 , close to the world average lifetime cancer limit (1.45× 10−3 ). Despite the mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) (0.2219mSvy-1) being below the recommended limit of 1.00 mSvy-1 for general public exposure, and effective doses to various body organs remaining below 1.0 mSvy-1, the study indicates potential long-term health hazards such as cancer due to accumulated doses. Generally, the study shows that Jimeta and Yola Metroplis is relatively safe radiologically with little contamination which could be attributed to the geological formation and partly due to human activity such as market and car park for transport system in the area. However, the contamination will not pose any immediate radiological health effect on resident of the area but there is tendency for long –term health hazards in the future such as cancer due to doses accumulated. It is therefore recommended that regular radiation monitoring exercise should be conducted on the area from time to time in order to checkmate both the workers and the members of public from high radiation exposure.
Distribution and Conservation Status of Plants’ species in the Botanical Garden and Arboretum domiciled in University of Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Ezekiel A.G. , Umoh O.T. , Mbong E.O , Ntukidem A.U. , William R.A. 
Published: April 2024

This research assessed the plant species composition, distribution and International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) conservation status of plants in University of Uyo botanical garden and arboretum using systematic sampling technique. The species were sampled in 10 x 10 m quadrats spaced at least regular intervals of 20 m from each quadrat. Thirty-one and thirty-eight species were encountered in the arboretum and botanic garden respectively. In terms of the frequency, Chromolaena odorata and Nauclea diderichii had the highest values (75%), while Acanthus montanus, Anthocleista djalonensis, Anthonotha macrophylla, Baphia nitida, Barteria nigritiana, Carpolobia lutea, Ceiba pentandra, Cnestis ferruginea, Entandrophragma utile, Hura crepitans, Lonchocarpus griffoneonus, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Senna siamea, Tamarindus indica, Tectona grandis and Treculia africana had the least frequency (25% each). For the density, Nauclea diderichii had the value of 250±15.30 st/ha. In the botanic garden, Ageratum houstonianum, Alchornea cordifolia, Chromolaena ordorata and Croton hirtus had the highest frequency (100%) while Allamanda cathartica, Asystasia gangetica, Bambusa vulgaris, Caladium bicolor, Centrosema virginianum, Cnestis ferruginea, Culcasia scandens, Cyathula prostrata, Desmodium scorpiurus, Emilia sonchifolia, Heliconia psittacorum, Ipomea involucrata, Lagenaria sphaerica, Mimosa pudica, Nephrolepis bisserata, Panicum sp., Pentaclethra macrophylla, Plumeria rubra, Polyalthia longifolia, Pteridium aquilinum, Scoparia dulcis, Senna siamea, Sesamum radiatum and Sida acuta had the least frequency (33.33%). The vegetation of both sites indicated variation in composition of trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers and ferns. These heterogeneities may be a pointer to their varying adaptation levels and differential responses of plant species to pedological and anthropogenic influences.
Assessment of Excess Life Cancer Risk from Radon Concentration in Borehole water Samples collected from Katagum LGA, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulrasheed A. , Muhammed J. , Bala Abba Alhaji , Dankawu U.M. , Zubairu N. , Hafeez H.Y. 
Published: April 2024

Radon in potable water has turned out to be an issue of public health concerns, specifically when used immediately from supply for domestic purpose and consumption without any pretreatment. In this study, 222Rn Concentration in 15 water samples collected from ground water sources (borehols) in Katagum local government Bauchi State was determined, using Liquid scintillation counter (Tri-Carb- LSA1000) and the radiological risk was calculated. The study revealed that, 222Rn concentration ranges from 28.44 to 49.61 Bql-1 with mean value of 39.55 Bql-1. These values were found to be higher than the permissible limits set by WHO, USEPA and UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective dose due to ingestion for different age categories (adults, children and infants) are 0.29, 0.43 and 0.51 mSvy-1 respectively; and for inhalation the mean is 0.1 mSvy-1. Also, the mean value of excess life cancer risk due to ingestion for different age groups (adults, children and infants) are 0.0010, 0.0015 and 0.0018 respectively while that of inhalation is 0.0003. Thus, this study reveals that borehole water around Katagum Local Government Area Bauchi State is not radiologically safe and there is need for constant monitoring.
Modeling and Bulk Characterization of 4HSIC Radiation Detector in Sentaurus TCAD Simulation Environment
Authors: Garba I.I. , Nasiru R. , Abubakar Y.M. , Shehu U. 
Published: April 2024

This paper gives an insight into the need for radiation detection and the most commonly flexible and efficient radiation detector. It also examines bulk characteristics of 4H-SiC semiconductor radiation detector with Ni and Ti as metals for the contact. Bulk characterization of the device, including: doping concentration, electrons and holes behaviors, space charge and current densities were carried out. The modeling is conducted using Sentaurus Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) to examine charge transport in bulk 4HSiC material. Data obtained were further analyzed through Sentaurus visual, sentaurus Techplot and Excel to clearly determine the characteristics of the device. It is observed that when the semiconductor and metal are in contact, the Fermi-level is established where the doping concentration varied with either magnitude of the doping concentration or nature of the dopant. Similarly, Schottky and ohmic contacts and temperature effect were observed from the device characteristics which demonstrate that, the detector can withstand a temperature from the range of 100K to 700K in no fluctuating state.
Canal fitting and treatment outcomes of patients treated with sign fin nail at a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Olomi J.E. , Muhamedhussein M. , Haonga B.T. 
Published: April 2024

Background: The Surgical Implant Generation Network (SIGN) Fin nail is a relatively newer design of intramedullary nails that eliminates the requirement for distal locking. While various factors influencing treatment outcomes with different nail designs have been extensively studied, limited research has focused on the specific implications of using the SIGN Fin nail.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between Fin nail canal fitting and treatment outcomes in femur fractures treated with the SIGN Fin nail at Muhimbili Orthopaedics Institute.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. Patients who underwent femoral fracture fixation with SIGN Fin nails between January 2016 and December 2021 were recruited from the SIGN surgical database. Radiographic measurements were performed using radiant software, fracture union at one year was assessed using the mRUST score, and weight-bearing status at 6 weeks was obtained from patient records.
Results: The mean canal diameter was 11.30±1.75 mm, and 82.2% had a canal fill of 80% or more. The reoperation rate was 5.9% (7/118). Although not statistically significant, patients with canal fill less than 80% had a higher rate of reoperation (p = 0.074). The union rate was 84.1% in this study, with a mean mRUST score of 9.4, and those patients with a canal fill of less than 80% were more likely to have nonunion at 1 year (p = 0.028). Pain on weight bearing at 6 weeks was reported by 42.9% (24/118) of participants, and this was significantly associated with canal fitting (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The study found the degree of canal fitting of the Fin nail to be an important factor affecting the outcomes of femoral fractures treated with SIGN Fin nails. A higher degree of canal fill was associated with better pain outcomes and lower nonunion rates.