bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Depth Analysis of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus MicroRNA Expression Provides Insights into the Mammalian MicroRNA-Processing Machinery
Authors: Umbach Jennifer L. , Cullen Bryan R. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

We have used deep sequencing to analyze the pattern of viral microRNA (miRNA) expression observed in the B-cell line BC-3, which is latently infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We recovered 14.6 × 10
6
total miRNA cDNA reads, of which a remarkable 92% were of KSHV origin. We detected 11 KSHV miRNAs as well as all 11 predicted miRNA* or passenger strands from the miRNA duplex intermediate. One previously reported KSHV miRNA, miR-K9, was found to be mutationally inactivated. This analysis revealed that the 5′ ends of 10 of the 11 KSHV miRNAs were essentially invariant, with significantly more variation being observed at the 3′ end, a result which is consistent with the proposal that the 5′-proximal region of miRNAs is critical for target mRNA recognition. However, one KSHV miRNA, miR-K10-3p, was detected in two isoforms differing by 1 nucleotide (nt) at the 5′ end that were present at comparable levels, and these two related KSHV miRNAs are therefore likely to target at least partially distinct mRNA populations. Finally, we also report the first detection of miRNA offset RNAs (moRs) in vertebrate somatic cells. moRs, which derive from primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) sequences that immediately flank the mature miRNA and miRNA* strands, were identified flanking one or both sides of nine of the KSHV miRNAs. These data provide new insights into the pattern of miRNA processing in mammalian cells and indicate that this process is highly conserved during animal evolution.
Safety of intravenous heparin administration after endovascular treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Vance A Z , Jayaraman M V , Dubel G J , Doberstein C E , Haas R A 
Published: October 2009

IntroductionThromboembolic events are the primary complications encountered during endovascular treatment (EVT) of intracranial aneurysms. Intraprocedural heparinization is common during EVT but is less common post-procedure. The safety of heparinization following EVT is unknown, especially for ruptured aneurysms.Materials and methodsThe records of 138 consecutive patients at our institution from 1 January 2000 to 30 June 2007 who were treated with EVT for 140 ruptured intracranial aneurysms were reviewed. All patients were treated with low dose intravenous heparin post-procedure for 24 h as per the departmental protocol. Cases of worsening hemorrhage requiring surgical evacuation were considered significant hemorrhages. Prior surgical exploration and external ventricular drain (EVD) placement were also noted.ResultsThere were two cases (1.4%) of significant worsening hemorrhage during post-procedure heparin administration. Among 13 patients who underwent craniotomy (for hematoma evacuation or attempted surgical clipping) prior to EVT, there was one (7.7%) case of significant hemorrhage. Among the 60 patients who underwent EVD placement prior to EVT, there was one (1.7%) case of significant hemorrhage.ConclusionAdministration of systemic heparinization may be safe during the first 24 h post-EVT of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm in patients without recent craniotomy. Further study in determining the benefit of this protocol in reducing post-embolization thromboembolic complications may be warranted.
Invasive zygomycosis in India: experience in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chakrabarti A , Chatterjee S S , Das A , Panda N , Shivaprakash M R , Kaur A , Varma S C , Singhi S , Bhansali A , Sakhuja V 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Aim
To report the natural history and clinical course of zygomycosis from a single tertiary care centre in India where doctors maintain an institutional zygomycosis registry.

Methods
The clinical and laboratory data collected prospectively from patients with antemortem diagnosis for invasive zygomycosis, and retrospectively from autopsy diagnosed cases, over an 18 month period (July 2006–December 2007) were combined and analysed.

Results
During the period 75 cases (50 cases/year) of zygomycosis were reported. Antemortem diagnosis could be made in 81% of cases and 9% of patients had nosocomial zygomycosis. The spectrum of disease included rhino-orbito-cerebral (48%), pulmonary (17%), gastrointestinal (13%), cutaneous (11%), renal and disseminated zygomycosis (5% each). Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (58%) and diabetic ketoacidosis (38%) in the rhino-orbito-cerebral type, renal failure (69%) in the pulmonary type, prematurity (70%) in the gastrointestinal type, and breach of skin (88%) in cutaneous zygomycosis, were the significant (p&lt;0.05) underlying illnesses. Rhizopus oryzae (69%) was the most common isolate followed by Apophysomyces elegans (19%). Overall mortality was 45% in patients who could be treated. Outcome was significantly poor when surgical debridement could not be performed or the patients were treated only with amphotericin B deoxycholate. On multivariate analysis, patients with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ⩾9 had a better prognosis.

Conclusions
Zygomycosis is a threat in uncontrolled diabetes. New risk factors such as renal failure and chronic liver disease require attention. A elegans is an emerging agent in India. The need for surgical debridement in addition to medical treatment is emphasised. GCS is an independent marker of prognosis in cases of invasive zygomycosis.
At Whose Table? Stories of Elites and Social Climbers in 1-2 Samuel
Authors: Hamilton Mark 
Published: November 2009

Abstract1-2 Samuel and indeed the entire Deuteronomistic History include several stories of elite members of society and their lifeways, concentrating on their use of economic resources, proper self-display as rhetors, and obedience or otherwise to those around them. Like other traditional societies, ancient Israel had a fairly deeply articulated sense of appropriate behavior by such persons. This paper draws on contemporary studies in both anthropology and rhetoric, as well as comparative evidence from the ancient Near East and other Israelite texts, to examine the stories of Nabal (1 Sam 25) and Barzillai (2 Sam 19) in their ancient social settings and locations in 2 Samuel. It argues that stories of such landed gentry reflect the interests of the readers and authors of these texts and reveal part of the social location of the entire DH. As such, they allow us to question a simplistic attribution of these texts either to the royal court or its critics, illustrating the complex interrelationships among various settings in Israelite life.
Balliol 63 and Parisian Theology around 1320
Authors: Courtenay William 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe article provides a survey of the content of Balliol College 63, with special attention to the questions of Gerard of Siena. It establishes that many of the texts in the first half of the manuscript (ff. 1r-88v) are pre-edited versions written at Paris in the 1317-1321 period. To illustrate that point, Gerard of Siena's question on whether the articles of faith are the principles of theology is edited in the appendices in its pre-edited (Balliol 63) and final form as edited by Gerard in the 1320s.
Synoptic Environments Associated with the Training of Convective Cells
Authors: Aylward Ryan P. , Dyer Jamie L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Many studies have been done on synoptically forced systems and heavy rainfall, but little research has gone into the forecasting of training convective storms specifically in a synoptically forced environment. Training convective storms are recognized as the propagation of convective cells repeatedly over the same location. The research in this paper examines 38 separate synoptically forced convective extreme precipitation training (SCEPT) events to find trends and consistencies in their synoptic environments. Three separate cases were found in which a SCEPT event occurred: closed upper-level trough (CULL), upper-level trough (ULT), and 850-hPa trough–low (850TL). Each event occurred in areas of precipitable water greater than 36.42 mm (1.43 in.), near maximums of 850-hPa moisture convergence and 700-hPa upward vertical velocities, under the 850-hPa jet, and in the warm sector of a midlatitude cyclone. CULL and ULT events occurred in strongly forced synoptic environments where 500- and 300-hPa troughs were evident and generally positively tilted. Little upper-level forcing, above 700 hPa, was found in 850TL events.
Family History of Diabetes, Parental Body Mass Index Predict Obesity in Latino Children
Authors: Villa-Caballero Leonel , Arredondo Elva Maria , Campbell Nadia , Elder John P. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the association between family history of diabetes (FHD), body mass index (BMI), and acculturation with children’s BMI status. Methods Baseline data from a randomized community intervention trial promoting healthy eating and physical activity were collected in children living in San Diego, California. A self-administered survey was completed by primary caregivers at each school assessing maternal diabetes, BMI, acculturation, and socioeconomic status (SES). Anthropometric data (height, weight, and BMI) from mothers and children were also collected. Results A total of 812 caregivers completed the baseline survey. Adjusting for maternal age, marital status, and socioeconomic level, women who had been diagnosed with diabetes or gestational diabetes or who received diabetes treatment were significantly more likely to have overweight children. Maternal BMI was also associated with children’s weight. Maternal acculturation level was marginally associated with children’s BMI. Conclusions FHD, gestational diabetes, and BMI were associated with children’s overweight status. More comprehensive interventions are needed to prevent obesity in Latino children and adults.
Clinical evaluation of the new BMU 40 in-line blood analysis monitor
Authors: Schaarschmidt Jan , Seeburger Joerg , Borger Michael A. , Grosse F. Oliver , Kraemer Klaus , Mohr Friedrich W. 
Published: October 2009

Background: Accurate information about different blood parameters is essential in maintaining haemodynamics, perfusion and gas exchange during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). For this purpose, precise, accurate and continuous measurement and monitoring, preferably visually available, is needed.The objective of this clinical study was to compare the newly developed continuous in-line blood parameter monitoring system (CIBPMS) BMU 40 with a reference laboratory analyser with regards to the precision and accuracy of blood parameter measurement. Methods: Thirty adult patients underwent elective cardiac surgery, CPB and mild hypothermia (32°C). At five predetermined time points (S1 — S5) arterial and venous blood samples were analysed using the BMU 40 for five different parameters (PaO2(37°C), PaO2(act), SvO2, Hb(ven) and Hct(ven)) and these results were compared to the gold standard laboratory analyser, the ABL 700. Results: A total of 150 paired blood samples were included to compare means, to analyse correlation, and to calculate measures of bias, precision, limits of agreement and 95% confidence intervals. Results revealed good agreement between the two devices for all parameters. Bias ± precision of S2 — S5 PaO 2(37°C) were: 2.17 ± 9.61; PaO2(act) 2.58 ± 9.54; SvO2 -1.44 ± 2.35; Hb(ven) 0.01 ± 0.42; Hct(ven) 0.04 ± 1.29. Statistically significant differences were detected for SvO2 (p<0.00001) at S1. Correlations after this first time point (S1) improved following an in vivo calibration. Conclusion: The BMU 40 is a precise, accurate and reliable continuous in-line blood parameter measuring system that can easily be used within a standard CPB setup. However, present data suggest an in vivo calibration of the BMU 40 should be performed.
Pectoralis Major Muscle Rupture in Athletes
Authors: de Castro Pochini Alberto , Ejnisman Benno , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , Monteiro Gustavo Cara , Silva Antonio Carlos , Cohen Moises , Albertoni Walter Manna 
Published: October 2009

Background In the past 20 years, there has been an increase in the incidence of upper extremity tendinous injuries, especially in sports including strong physical activity, such as in weight lifting, as well as with the concurrent use of anabolic steroids. Today, there are more than 200 cases describing rupture of the pectoralis major muscle in athletes. Hypothesis Surgical treatment will have a better outcome than nonsurgical treatment in total rupture of the pectoralis major muscle in athletes. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Twenty athletes with pectoralis major muscle (PMM) rupture were studied; 10 had surgical treatment, and the other 10 were treated nonoperatively. The mean age was 32.27 years (range, 27-47 years); all of them were men. The average follow-up was 36 months (range, 48-72 months). Injuries were diagnosed by history, physical examination, and subsidiary tests. Functional evaluation and isokinetic evaluation were performed on all 20 patients. Results The clinical evaluation revealed 70% (n = 7) excellent, 20% good (n = 2), and 10% poor (n = 1) outcomes for the cases treated with surgery and 20% good (n = 2), 50% fair (n = 5), and 40% poor (n = 4) outcomes for the cases treated nonsurgically. The isokinetic evaluation at 60-deg/s speed showed a decrease in strength of 53.8% in the nonsurgical group and 13.7% for the surgical group. Conclusion Total PMM rupture in athletes showed a better functional result after surgical treatment than after nonsurgical treatment.
Selecting optimal second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia patients after imatinib failure: does the BCR-ABL mutation status really matter?
Authors: Branford Susan , Melo Junia V. , Hughes Timothy P. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Preclinical studies of BCR-ABL mutation sensitivity to nilotinib or dasatinib suggested that the majority would be sensitive. Correspondingly, the initial clinical trials demonstrated similar response rates for CML patients after imatinib failure, irrespective of the mutation status. However, on closer examination, clinical evidence now indicates that some mutations are less sensitive to nilotinib (Y253H, E255K/V, and F359V/C) or dasatinib (F317L and V299L). T315I is insensitive to both. Novel mutations (F317I/V/C and T315A) are less sensitive/insensitive to dasatinib. We refer to these collectively as second-generation inhibitor (SGI) clinically relevant mutations. By in vitro analysis, other mutations confer a degree of insensitivity; however, clinical evidence is currently insufficient to define them as SGI clinically relevant. Here we examine the mutations that are clearly SGI clinically relevant, those with minimal impact on response, and those for which more data are needed. In our series of patients with mutations at imatinib cessation and/or at nilotinib or dasatinib commencement, 43% had SGI clinically relevant mutations, including 14% with T315I. The frequency of SGI clinically relevant mutations was dependent on the disease phase at imatinib failure. The clinical data suggest that a mutation will often be detectable after imatinib failure for which there is compelling clinical evidence that one SGI should be preferred.
Estrogen receptor signaling promotes dendritic cell differentiation by increasing expression of the transcription factor IRF4
Authors: Carreras Esther , Turner Sean , Frank Mark Barton , Knowlton Nicholas , Osban Jeanette , Centola Michael , Park Chae Gyu , Simmons Amie , Alberola-Ila José , Kovats Susan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDuring inflammation, elevated granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) directs the development of new dendritic cells (DCs). This pathway is influenced by environmental factors, and we previously showed that physiologic levels of estradiol, acting through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), promote the GM-CSF–mediated differentiation of a CD11b+ DC subset from myeloid progenitors (MPs). We now have identified interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a transcription factor induced by GM-CSF and critical for CD11b+ DC development in vivo, as a target of ERα signaling during this process. In MPs, ERα potentiates and sustains GM-CSF induction of IRF4. Furthermore, retroviral delivery of the Irf4 cDNA to undifferentiated ERα−/− bone marrow cells restored the development of the estradiol/ERα-dependent DC population, indicating that an elevated amount of IRF4 protein substitutes for ERα signaling. Thus at an early stage in the MP response to GM-CSF, ERα signaling induces an elevated amount of IRF4, which leads to a developmental program underlying CD11b+ DC differentiation.
GLIDERS - A web-based search engine for genome-wide linkage disequilibrium between HapMap SNPs
Authors: Lawrence Robert , Day-Williams Aaron G , Mott Richard , Broxholme John , Cardon Lon R , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
A number of tools for the examination of linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns between nearby alleles exist, but none are available for quickly and easily investigating LD at longer ranges (>500 kb). We have developed a web-based query tool (GLIDERS: Genome-wide LInkage DisEquilibrium Repository and Search engine) that enables the retrieval of pairwise associations with r2 ≥ 0.3 across the human genome for any SNP genotyped within HapMap phase 2 and 3, regardless of distance between the markers.

Description
GLIDERS is an easy to use web tool that only requires the user to enter rs numbers of SNPs they want to retrieve genome-wide LD for (both nearby and long-range). The intuitive web interface handles both manual entry of SNP IDs as well as allowing users to upload files of SNP IDs. The user can limit the resulting inter SNP associations with easy to use menu options. These include MAF limit (5-45%), distance limits between SNPs (minimum and maximum), r2 (0.3 to 1), HapMap population sample (CEU, YRI and JPT+CHB combined) and HapMap build/release. All resulting genome-wide inter-SNP associations are displayed on a single output page, which has a link to a downloadable tab delimited text file.

Conclusion
GLIDERS is a quick and easy way to retrieve genome-wide inter-SNP associations and to explore LD patterns for any number of SNPs of interest. GLIDERS can be useful in identifying SNPs with long-range LD. This can highlight mis-mapping or other potential association signal localisation problems.
PLAURpolymorphisms and lung function in UK smokers
Authors: Stewart Ceri E , Hall Ian P , Parker Stuart G , Moffat Miriam F , Wardlaw Andrew J , Connolly Martin J , Ruse Charlotte , Sayers Ian 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
We have previously identified Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (PLAUR) as an asthma susceptibility gene. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that PLAUR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) determine baseline lung function and contribute to the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in smokers.

Methods
25 PLAUR SNPs were genotyped in COPD subjects and individuals with smoking history (n = 992). Linear regression was used to determine the effects of polymorphism on baseline lung function (FEV1, FEV1/FVC) in all smokers. Genotype frequencies were compared in spirometry defined smoking controls (n = 176) versus COPD cases (n = 599) and COPD severity (GOLD stratification) using logistic regression.

Results
Five SNPs showed a significant association (p < 0.01) with baseline lung function; rs2302524(Lys220Arg) and rs2283628(intron 3) were associated with lower and higher FEV1 respectively. rs740587(-22346), rs11668247(-20040) and rs344779(-3666) in the 5'region were associated with increased FEV1/FVC ratio. rs740587 was also protective for COPD susceptibility and rs11668247 was protective for COPD severity although no allele dose relationship was apparent. Interestingly, several of these associations were driven by male smokers not females.

Conclusion
This study provides tentative evidence that the asthma associated gene PLAUR also influences baseline lung function in smokers. However the case-control analyses do not support the conclusion that PLAUR is a major COPD susceptibility gene in smokers. PLAUR is a key serine protease receptor involved in the generation of plasmin and has been implicated in airway remodelling.
Genetic load and transgenic mitigating genes in transgenic Brassica rapa (field mustard) × Brassica napus (oilseed rape) hybrid populations
Authors: Rose Christy W , Millwood Reginald J , Moon Hong S , Rao Murali R , Halfhill Matthew D , Raymer Paul L , Warwick Suzanne I , Al-Ahmad Hani , Gressel Jonathan , Stewart C Neal 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundOne theoretical explanation for the relatively poor performance ofBrassica rapa(weed) ×Brassica napus(crop) transgenic hybrids suggests that hybridization imparts a negative genetic load. Consequently, in hybrids genetic load could overshadow any benefits of fitness enhancing transgenes and become the limiting factor in transgenic hybrid persistence. Two types of genetic load were analyzed in this study: random/linkage-derived genetic load, and directly incorporated genetic load using a transgenic mitigation (TM) strategy. In order to measure the effects of random genetic load, hybrid productivity (seed yield and biomass) was correlated with crop- and weed-specific AFLP genomic markers. This portion of the study was designed to answer whether or not weed × transgenic crop hybrids possessing more crop genes were less competitive than hybrids containing fewer crop genes. The effects of directly incorporated genetic load (TM) were analyzed through transgene persistence data. TM strategies are proposed to decrease transgene persistence if gene flow and subsequent transgene introgression to a wild host were to occur.ResultsIn the absence of interspecific competition, transgenic weed × crop hybrids benefited from having more crop-specific alleles. There was a positive correlation between performance and number ofB. napuscrop-specific AFLP markers [seed yield vs. marker number (r = 0.54, P = 0.0003) and vegetative dry biomass vs. marker number (r = 0.44, P = 0.005)]. However under interspecific competition with wheat or more weed-like conditions (i.e. representing a situation where hybrid plants emerge as volunteer weeds in subsequent cropping systems), there was a positive correlation between the number ofB. rapaweed-specific AFLP markers and seed yield (r = 0.70, P = 0.0001), although no such correlation was detected for vegetative biomass. When genetic load was directly incorporated into the hybrid genome, by inserting a fitness-mitigating dwarfing gene that that is beneficial for crops but deleterious for weeds (a transgene mitigation measure), there was a dramatic decrease in the number of transgenic hybrid progeny persisting in the population.ConclusionThe effects of genetic load of crop and in some situations, weed alleles might be beneficial under certain environmental conditions. However, when genetic load was directly incorporated into transgenic events, e.g., using a TM construct, the number of transgenic hybrids and persistence in weedy genomic backgrounds was significantly decreased.