bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells Display Impaired Migration to Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow
Authors: Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Grabovsky Valentin , Wang Wei , Desch Petra , Rubenzer Gabriele , Wollner Stefan , Binsky Inbal , Vallon-Eberhard Alexandra , Sapoznikov Anita , Burger Meike , Shachar Idit , Haran Michal , Honczarenko Marek , Greil Richard , Alon Ronen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHoming to secondary lymphoid organs and bone marrow (BM) is a central aspect of leukemic pathophysiology. We investigated the roles of the two major lymphocyte integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4 on B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in these processes. We found that the majority of CLL cells expressed significantly reduced LFA-1 due to low β2 integrin transcripts. VLA-4 expression was heterogenous but underwent rapid activation by the BM chemokine CXCL12. CLL cells failed to transmigrate across VCAM-1–expressing, ICAM-1–expressing, and CXCL12-expressing endothelium, whereas when LFA-1 expression was regained in subsets of CLL cells, these lymphocytes rapidly transmigrated the endothelium. Furthermore, when injected into tail veins of immunodeficient mice, normal B cells rapidly homed to lymph nodes (LN) in a LFA-1–dependent manner, whereas CLL cells did not. Nevertheless, only residual CLL subsets could reenter BM, whereas both normal and CLL cells homed to the mice spleen in an LFA-1–independent and VLA-4–independent manner. Our results suggest that CLL cells have a reduced capacity to adhere and transmigrate through multiple vascular endothelial beds and poorly home to lymphoid organs other than spleen. Integrin blocking could thus be an efficient strategy to prevent circulating CLL cells from reaching prosurvival niches in LNs and BM but not in spleen. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):OF3121–30]
Evaluation of T- and NK-Cell-Targeted Therapies: Is There a Role for Rituximab Prophylaxis?
Authors: Ambinder Richard F. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Splizimomab, an antibody that targets CD2, was studied in the treatment of T and natural killer cell lymphoma and was found to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus lymphoproliferative disease. B cell depletion may provide a platform for further evaluation of this and other promising antibody approaches that result in T cell depletion.
Can Routine Posttransplant HPV Vaccination Prevent Commonly Occurring Epithelial Cancers after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation?
Authors: Savani Bipin N. , Goodman Stacey , Barrett A. John 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The association between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, female genital tract, and skin with human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes is well established in the general population and in solid organ transplant recipients, but no consistent link has been reported between HPV infection and SCC after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Studies are needed to determine if SCC, the most common secondary malignancy after allo-SCT, which is linked to chronic graft versus host disease and immunosuppressive therapy, is HPV related. Consideration should be given to assessing pretransplant HPV antibodies to identify patients at risk for HPV reactivation. If a strong relationship between HPV and second malignancies after SCT exists, studies to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (subtypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) should be considered in both male and female long-term survivors after allo-SCT.
Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence of Motor Cortex Activation Related to an Amputated Limb: A Multisensorial Approach
Authors: Touzalin-Chretien Pascale , Ehrler Solange , Dufour André 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Phantom limb sensations may be linked to motor activities in the deafferented cortices of amputees, with artificial visual feedback of an amputated limb leading to enhanced phantom sensations. The present study was designed to verify if cortical motor activity related to an amputated limb can be triggered by visual input using an objective behavioral measure and with a neurophysiological correlate. Trauma amputees and normally limbed subjects showed superior performance in a mirror-drawing task when the mirror was placed sagittally (giving visual feedback of the amputated/inactive limb) compared with when it was placed frontally. Measurement of lateralized movement-related brain potentials showed that, under the lateral mirror condition, contralateral motor activity of the viewed hand was observed in both normal subjects and trauma amputees. In contrast, this activity was not observed in subjects with congenital limb absence. These findings suggest that, in traumatic amputees, motor enhancement due to visualization of the movements of the missing limb reflects the effectiveness of motor commands to the missing limb, strengthening the hypothesis of the functional survival of deafferented cortical motor areas.
Neural Signatures of Semantic and Phonemic Fluency in Young and Old Adults
Authors: Meinzer Marcus , Flaisch Tobias , Wilser Lotte , Eulitz Carsten , Rockstroh Brigitte , Conway Tim , Gonzalez-Rothi Leslie , Crosson Bruce 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
As we age, our ability to select and to produce words changes, yet we know little about the underlying neural substrate of word-finding difficulties in old adults. This study was designed to elucidate changes in specific frontally mediated retrieval processes involved in word-finding difficulties associated with advanced age. We implemented two overt verbal (semantic and phonemic) fluency tasks during fMRI and compared brain activity patterns of old and young adults. Performance during the phonemic task was comparable for both age groups and mirrored by strongly left-lateralized (frontal) activity patterns. On the other hand, a significant drop of performance during the semantic task in the older group was accompanied by additional right (inferior and middle) frontal activity, which was negatively correlated with performance. Moreover, the younger group recruited different subportions of the left inferior frontal gyrus for both fluency tasks, whereas the older participants failed to show this distinction. Thus, functional integrity and efficient recruitment of left frontal language areas seems to be critical for successful word retrieval in old age.
The Sea That is No More Rev 21:1 and the Function of Sea Imagery in the Apocalypse of John
Authors: Moo Jonathan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe enigmatic phrase in Rev 21:1, “the sea is no more”, has yet to be adequately explained or related cogently to the rest of the book. In this article I categorise the multiple roles in which αλασσα appears in Rev 4-20 and address the potential implications of each use of sea imagery for explaining its absence from John's vision of the new heaven and earth. Along the way, the various theories that have been proposed by other interpreters are assessed; this is followed by a brief consideration of the potential relevance of several parallels that have been suggested. On the basis of these investigations and an analysis of the context of Rev 21-22, it is proposed that the difficult phrase in 21:1c is best explained in terms of the use of a new-creation typology that serves to highlight the way in which this new creation differs from that described in Gen 1.
“Pagane” Zitate im Neuen Testament
Authors: Wittkowsky Vadim 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the New Testament there are quotations from pagan texts which are normally explained as a sign of Paul and Luke's acquaintance with Greek literature. A more accurate examination of the relevant texts shows, however, that each of these quotations makes more sense if considered against the background of early Jewish practice. The connection with pagan literature serves at the same time as an intertextual reference to Jewish polemics against paganism. This conclusion confirms once more the well-known thesis of M. Hengel, namely that there is no direct dependence of early Christianity on non-Jewish thought.
Kein Gewinn = Gewinn Die kynisch geprägte Struktur der Argumentation in 1 Tim 6:3-12
Authors: Neumann Nils 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the last chapter of 1 Timothy there is one passage arguing passionately and polemically against differently minded teachers. It calls on its readers to beware of the different teaching (1 Tim 6:3-12). This New Testament text brings forward a train of thought that shows far reaching parallels to the Cynic Philosophy of the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D. The criticism which 1 Timothy passes on its opponents corresponds to the criticism of the contemporary Cynics against their adversaries. It mainly concerns the hypocritical motivations that lead the differently minded teachers to preach their message: according to the view of their critics they only aim to make money out of their teachings. In this reasoning polemical and paraenetical components unite. The careful consideration of this New Testament passage's similarity to the cynic world of thought also faciliates the description of the specific character in the intention of 1 Timothy against the cynic background, i.e. the christological accentuation of the favoured good teaching and lifestyle.
The Construction and Subversion of Patriarchal Perfection: Abraham and Exemplarity in Philo, Josephus, and the Testament of Abraham
Authors: Reed Annette Yoshiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn dialogue with recent research on the Roman discourse of exemplarity, this article explores representations of Abraham in selected sources from the first and early second centuries C.E. In the first part of the article, references to the patriarch in the writings of Philo and Josephus are considered in light of the transformation of Greek ideas about exempla by Roman authors like Polybius, Livy, and Valerius Maximus. In the second part, the inversion of Abraham's exemplarity in the Testament of Abraham is investigated in relation to the treatment of famous figures in the Apocolocyntosis and in Juvenal's 10th Satire. By juxtaposing the use of exempla in contemporaneous Roman and Jewish writings, the article explores their parallel reflections on the power of the past and shows how Romans and Jews alike appropriated of elements of Greek culture for the articulation of new expressions of local pride, ethnic specificity, and cultural resistance.
The Rabbinic Polemic against Sanctification of Sites
Authors: Eliyahu Eyal Ben 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe attribution of holiness to various sites in antiquity was confined neither to a particular ethnic or religious group, nor to one particular geographical locale, but was rather practiced by a wide range of groups vis-à-vis many locations. Contrary to these views, the rabbis made a very clear and sharp statement regarding the sanctity of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount and negated the idea of the existence of holy places outside Jerusalem. The rabbis struggled against the sanctity of the biblical “holy mountain,” as well as against sites that could have been regarded as holy on the basis of the biblical narrative. The discovery of this polemic illuminates and offers an explanation for many surprising passages in early rabbinic literature that belittle high mountains and biblical “memorial sites” in the Land of Israel. The examples, drawn from the various strata of early rabbinic literature, demonstrate surprising rabbinic consensus on this issue.
Regulation of iron homeostasis in anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia: diagnostic and therapeutic implications
Authors: Theurl Igor , Aigner Elmar , Theurl Milan , Nairz Manfred , Seifert Markus , Schroll Andrea , Sonnweber Thomas , Eberwein Lukas , Witcher Derrick R. , Murphy Anthony T. , Wroblewski Victor J. , Wurz Eva , Datz Christian , Weiss Guenter 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is characterized by macrophage iron retention induced by cytokines and the master regulator hepcidin. Hepcidin controls cellular iron efflux on binding to the iron export protein ferroportin. Many patients, however, present with both ACD and iron deficiency anemia (ACD/IDA), the latter resulting from chronic blood loss. We used a rat model of ACD resulting from chronic arthritis and mimicked ACD/IDA by additional phlebotomy to define differing iron-regulatory pathways. Iron retention during inflammation occurs in macrophages and the spleen, but not in the liver. In rats and humans with ACD, serum hepcidin concentrations are elevated, which is paralleled by reduced duodenal and macrophage expression of ferroportin. Individuals with ACD/IDA have significantly lower hepcidin levels than ACD subjects, and ACD/IDA persons, in contrast to ACD subjects, were able to absorb dietary iron from the gut and to mobilize iron from macrophages. Circulating hepcidin levels affect iron traffic in ACD and ACD/IDA and are more responsive to the erythropoietic demands for iron than to inflammation. Hepcidin determination may aid to differentiate between ACD and ACD/IDA and in selecting appropriate therapy for these patients.
Molecular determinants archetypical to the phylum Nematoda
Authors: Yin Yong , Martin John , Abubucker Sahar , Wang Zhengyuan , Wyrwicz Lucjan , Rychlewski Leszek , McCarter James P , Wilson Richard K , Mitreva Makedonka 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundNematoda diverged from other animals between 600–1,200 million years ago and has become one of the most diverse animal phyla on earth. Most nematodes are free-living animals, but many are parasites of plants and animals including humans, posing major ecological and economical challenges around the world.ResultsWe investigated phylum-specific molecular characteristics in Nematoda by exploring over 214,000 polypeptides from 32 nematode species including 27 parasites. Over 50,000 nematode protein families were identified based on primary sequence, including ~10% with members from at least three different species. Nearly 1,600 of the multi-species families did not share homology to Pfam domains, including a total of 758 restricted to Nematoda. Majority of the 462 families that were conserved among both free-living and parasitic species contained members from multiple nematode clades, yet ~90% of the 296 parasite-specific families originated only from a single clade. Features of these protein families were revealed through extrapolation of essential functions from observed RNAi phenotypes inC. elegans, bioinformatics-based functional annotations, identification of distant homology based on protein folds, and prediction of expression at accessible nematode surfaces. In addition, we identified a group of nematode-restricted sequence features in energy-generating electron transfer complexes as potential targets for new chemicals with minimal or no toxicity to the host.ConclusionThis study identified and characterized the molecular determinants that help in defining the phylum Nematoda, and therefore improved our understanding of nematode protein evolution and provided novel insights for the development of next generation parasite control strategies.
Multiple factors interact to produce responses resembling spectrum of human disease in Campylobacter jejuni infected C57BL/6 IL-10-/- mice
Authors: Bell Julia A , St Charles Jessica L , Murphy Alice J , Rathinam Vijay AK , Plovanich-Jones Anne E , Stanley Erin L , Wolf John E , Gettings Jenna R , Whittam Thomas S , Mansfield Linda S 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundCampylobacter jejuniinfection produces a spectrum of clinical presentations in humans – including asymptomatic carriage, watery diarrhea, and bloody diarrhea – and has been epidemiologically associated with subsequent autoimmune neuropathies. This microorganism is genetically variable and possesses genetic mechanisms that may contribute to variability in nature. However, relationships between genetic variation in the pathogen and variation in disease manifestation in the host are not understood. We took a comparative experimental approach to explore differences among differentC. jejunistrains and studied the effect of diet on disease manifestation in an interleukin-10 deficient mouse model.ResultsIn the comparative study, C57BL/6 interleukin-10-/-mice were infected with seven genetically distinctC. jejunistrains. Four strains colonized the mice and caused disease; one colonized with no disease; two did not colonize. A DNA:DNA microarray comparison of the strain that colonized mice without disease toC. jejuni11168 that caused disease revealed that putative virulence determinants, including loci encoding surface structures known to be involved inC. jejunipathogenesis, differed from or were absent in the strain that did not cause disease. In the experimental study, the five colonizing strains were passaged four times in mice. For three strains, serial passage produced increased incidence and degree of pathology and decreased time to develop pathology; disease shifted from watery to bloody diarrhea. Mice kept on an ~6% fat diet or switched from an ~12% fat diet to an ~6% fat diet just before infection with a non-adapted strain also exhibited increased incidence and severity of disease and decreased time to develop disease, although the effects of diet were only statistically significant in one experiment.ConclusionC. jejunistrain genetic background and adaptation of the strain to the host by serial passage contribute to differences in disease manifestations ofC. jejuniinfection in C57BL/6 IL-10-/-mice; differences in environmental factors such as diet may also affect disease manifestation. These results in mice reflect the spectrum of clinical presentations ofC. jejunigastroenteritis in humans and contribute to usefulness of the model in studying human disease.
Towards the Atlas of human African trypanosomiasis
Authors: Cecchi Giuliano , Paone Massimo , Franco José R , Fèvre Eric M , Diarra Abdoulaye , Ruiz José A , Mattioli Raffaele C , Simarro Pere P 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Updated, accurate and comprehensive information on the distribution of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is critically important to plan and monitor control activities. We describe input data, methodology, preliminary results and future prospects of the HAT Atlas initiative, which will allow major improvements in the understanding of the spatial distribution of the disease.

Methods
Up-to-date as well as historical data collected by national sleeping sickness control programmes, non-governmental organizations and research institutes have been collated over many years by the HAT Control and Surveillance Programme of the World Health Organization. This body of information, unpublished for the most part, is now being screened, harmonized, and analysed by means of database management systems and geographical information systems (GIS). The number of new HAT cases and the number of people screened within a defined geographical entity were chosen as the key variables to map disease distribution in sub-Saharan Africa.

Results
At the time of writing, over 600 epidemiological reports and files from seventeen countries were collated and included in the data repository. The reports contain information on approximately 20,000 HAT cases, associated to over 7,000 different geographical entities. The oldest epidemiological records considered so far date back to 1985, the most recent having been gathered in 2008. Data from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon from the year 2000 onwards were fully processed and the preliminary regional map of HAT distribution is presented.

Conclusion
The use of GIS tools and geo-referenced, village-level epidemiological data allow the production of maps that substantially improve on the spatial quality of previous cartographic products of similar scope. The significant differences between our preliminary outputs and earlier maps of HAT transmission areas demonstrate the strong need for this systematic approach to mapping sleeping sickness and point to the inaccuracy of any calculation of population at risk based on previous maps of HAT transmission areas. The Atlas of HAT will lay the basis for novel, evidence-based methodologies to estimate the population at risk and the burden of disease, ultimately leading to more efficient targeting of interventions. Also, the Atlas will help streamline future field data collection in those parts of Africa that still require it.
Omega 3 fatty acids reduce myeloid progenitor cell frequency in the bone marrow of mice and promote progenitor cell differentiation
Authors: Varney Melinda E , Hardman W Elaine , Sollars Vincent E 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Omega 3 fatty acids have been found to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and promote differentiation in various cell types. The processes of cell survival, expansion, and differentiation are of key importance in the regulation of hematopoiesis. We investigated the role of omega 3 fatty acids in controlling the frequency of various myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow of mice. Increased progenitor cell frequency and blocked differentiation are characteristics of hematopoietic disorders of the myeloid lineage, such as myeloproliferative diseases and myeloid leukemias.

Results
We found that increasing the proportion of omega 3 fatty acids relative to the proportion of omega 6 fatty acids in the diet caused increased differentiation and reduced the frequency of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow of mice. Furthermore, this had no adverse effect on peripheral white blood cell counts.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that omega 3 fatty acids impact hematopoietic differentiation by reducing myeloid progenitor cell frequency in the bone marrow and promoting progenitor cell differentiation. Further exploration of this discovery could lead to the use of omega 3 fatty acids as a therapeutic option for patients that have various disorders of hematopoiesis.
Alterations in the glutathione metabolism could be implicated in the ischemia-induced small intestinal cell damage in horses
Authors: Marañón Gonzalo , Manley William , Cayado Patricia , García Cruz , de la Muela Mercedes Sánchez , Vara Elena 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundColic could be accompanied by changes in the morphology and physiology of organs and tissues, such as the intestine. This process might be, at least in part, due to the accumulation of oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), secondary to intestinal ischemia. Glutathione (GSH), being the major intracellular thiol, provides protection against oxidative injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ischemia-induced intestinal injury could be related with alterations in GSH metabolism.ResultsIschemia induced a significant increase in lipid hydroperoxides, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and a reduction in reduced glutathione, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, as well as in methionine-adenosyl-transferase and methyl-transferase activities.ConclusionOur results suggest that ischemia induces harmful effects on equine small intestine, probably due to an increase in oxidative damage and proinflammatory molecules. This effect could be mediated, at least in part, by impairment in glutathione metabolism.