bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FNIRS based study of brain network characteristics in children with cerebral palsy during bilateral lower limb movement
Authors: Xie Ping , Nie Zichao , Zhang Tengyu , Xu Gongcheng , Sun Aiping , Chen Tiandi , Lv Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMotor dysfunctions in children with cerebral palsy (CP) are caused by nonprogressive brain damage. Understanding the functional characteristics of the brain is important for rehabilitation.PurposeThis paper aimed to study the brain networks of children with CP during bilateral lower limb movement using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and to explore effective fNIRS indices for reflecting functional brain activity.MethodsUsing fNIRS, cerebral oxygenation signals in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC/RPFC) and motor cortex (LMC/RMC) were recorded from fifteen children with spastic CP and seventeen children with typical development (CTDs) in the resting state and during bilateral lower limb movement. Functional connectivity matrices based on phase‐locking values (PLVs) were calculated using Hilbert transformation, and binary networks were constructed at different sparsity levels. Network metrics such as the clustering coefficient, global efficiency, local efficiency, and transitivity were calculated. Furthermore, the time‐varying curves of network metrics during movement were obtained by dividing the time window and using sparse inverse covariance matrices. Finally, conditional Granger causality (GC) was used to explore the causal relationships between different brain regions.ResultsCompared to CTDs, the connectivity between RMC‐RPFC (p = 0.017) and RMC‐LMC (p = 0.002) in the brain network was decreased in children with CP, and the clustering coefficient (p = 0.003), global efficiency (p = 0.034), local efficiency (p = 0.015), and transitivity (p = 0.009) were significantly lower. The standard deviation of the changes in global efficiency of children with CP during motion was also greater than that of CTDs. Using GC, it was found that there was a significant increase in causal strength from the RMC to the RPFC (p = 0.04) and from the RMC to the LMC (p = 0.042) in children with CP during motion. Additionally, there were significant negative correlations between the PLV of LMC‐RMC (p = 0.002) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and between the GMFCS and the clustering coefficient (p = 0.01).ConclusionsDuring rehabilitation training of the lower limbs, there were significant differences in brain network indices between children with CP and CTDs. The indicators proposed in this paper are effective at evaluating motor function and the real‐time impact of rehabilitation training on the brain network and have great potential for application in guiding clinical motor function assessment and planning rehabilitation strategies.
The mechanism of granite breaking by electric pulse under high temperature and high pressure environment
Authors: Liu Weiji , Zhou Xin , Zhu Xiaohua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh‐voltage electric pulse drilling technology has the advantages of high rock‐breaking efficiency, and low rock‐breaking energy consumption, which is one of the most promising rock‐breaking methods in geothermal drilling. However, there is insufficient understanding of the mechanism of high‐voltage electric pulse breaking of HDR under high‐temperature and high‐pressure environments (HTHP). In this paper, a numerical simulation model of electric breakdown under HTHP is constructed, and the whole process of high voltage electric pulse rock‐breaking and plasma channel generation is realized from the seven‐field coupling of circuit field, current field, magnetic field, breakdown field, heat transfer field, solid mechanics field and flow field. The temperature changes in the rock during the electric pulse rock‐breaking process were comprehensively analyzed, and the effects of different initial rock temperatures (200°C, 300°C, 400°C) and surrounding pressure conditions (30, 60, 90 MPa) on the high‐voltage electric pulse rock breaking law were considered. It is found that the thermal conductivity of the rock shows an increasing and then decreasing trend as the initial temperature of the rock increases, and that the thermal conductivity has a tendency to guide the development of plasma channels, and the radius of the plasma channels increases with the increase of the initial temperature of the rock. The heat transfer generated by high‐voltage electric pulse rock breaking is mainly in conduction, and the distribution shape of conduction heat is similar to the shape of the breakdown channel. The research in this paper can provide theoretical and technical guidance for developing electric pulse rock‐breaking technology.
Promoting penicillin allergy de‐labeling for children attending a hematology clinic
Authors: Barker Patricia , Carias Delia Charest , Jacobs Timothy , Carpiniello Philip , Takemoto Clifford , Lieberman Jay , Adderson Elisabeth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundUp to 10% of children are reported to be allergic to penicillin, but many allergy labels are unverified and may require formal testing. Inaccurate drug allergy labels are associated with a range of adverse clinical outcomes. Patients with hematological disorders may experience frequent and severe infections; those who have been incorrectly labeled penicillin allergic may benefit from allergy de‐labeling (ADL) efforts to facilitate access to beta‐lactam antibiotics. We developed a multidisciplinary, pharmacist‐driven process that enabled non‐allergist trained providers to assess and de‐label penicillin allergies in a pediatric hematology center.MethodsVolunteers, including physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, and pharmacists, were trained in skin testing and oral challenge procedures. Patients were identified by review of electronic medical records for penicillin or penicillin‐derivative allergy. Patient and family interviews were conducted in cases where a true penicillin allergy was deemed uncertain based on chart review. If allergy could not be de‐labeled by chart review or interview alone, patients were offered skin and/or oral challenge testing.ResultsFifty‐nine patients were initially labeled as penicillin allergic. Allergy labels of 11 (19%) were removed by chart review only, and 15 (25%) after conducting interviews. A total of two (3%) patients were ineligible due to contraindications, and five (9%) declined participation. Twenty‐six patients (44%) underwent allergy testing (50% skin testing, 50% oral challenge) of which 23 (88%) were negative.ConclusionsADL was possible in most patients previously identified as penicillin allergic. Testing was well tolerated with no serious adverse effects.
Extraction, modeling and impact analysis of porosity defects formed in the CFRTP/Al6061 laser direct joining process
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Sun Kai , Zhou Hongyan , Zhang Canbao , Gao Dunlin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the influence laws of porosity defects on the performance of the joint formed in the CFRTP/Al6061 laser direct joining process. Image extraction and finite‐element modeling methods are introduced to investigate the porosity defects, so that the model of joint with porosity defects of real characteristics is established. With the model, the failure process of the joints formed under different laser direct joining processes are analyzed, and the change law of the maximum failure displacement and the maximum failure load of the joints are revealed. The maximum error is within 17%. Results suggest that if and only if the porosity defects are distributed in the zone of the joint with the biggest stress under load, the defects will significantly decrease the maximum failure load of the joint; otherwise, the porosity defects will facilitate the cracking propagation process after the joint failure, thereby decreasing the maximum failure displacement.Highlights
Porosity defects are identified from CFRTP background by image extraction.
Local porosity is defined to illustrate the real distribution of defects.
Joints with defects distributed by real characteristics are modeled.
Max failure load hinges on relative position of defects and max stress zone.
Porosity defect quantity influences cracking propagation rate after failure.
Idiopathic polyhydramnios and postnatal outcomes of children: The role of exome sequencing
Authors: Grausz Noémie , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Colmant Claire , Boizard Anne , Benachi Alexandra , Bouchghoul Hanane 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of our study was to evaluate the long‐term outcome of children born from a pregnancy complicated by idiopathic polyhydramnios. The secondary objective was to investigate factors associated with adverse outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in two prenatal diagnosis centers between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2020. Inclusion criteria were pregnancies with a diagnosis of idiopathic polyhydramnios, defined by a deepest pocket greater than 8 cm, no detectable abnormality at ultrasound and a negative amniotic fluid assessment including karyotype, chromosomal microarray, biochemical assays (electrolytes and digestive enzymes), and viruses (parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus). One‐year outcomes of these children were collected. The primary endpoint was adverse postnatal outcome, defined by at least one of the following criteria: stillbirth, neonatal death, or serious and incurable condition diagnosed in the first year of life.ResultsOf the 245 women referred for isolated polyhydramnios, 73 were diagnosed with idiopathic polyhydramnios after prenatal investigations. The mean age at follow‐up of children was 28 months (95% CI 20−36). An adverse outcome occurred in 25% of cases (18/73), with one stillbirth, two neonatal deaths, and 15 severe conditions diagnosed postnatally, including a rate of monogenic disorders of 8.2% (6/73). Pediatric follow‐up was normal for 75% of the children (55/73), including a rate of 9% (5/55) of curable conditions. Repeated amnioreduction was independently associated with an adverse outcome.ConclusionPregnant women with polyhydramnios should be informed of the increased risk of 25% of perinatal mortality and serious conditions diagnosed after birth.
Comparing survival in trial‐ versus routine‐care advanced urothelial cancer patients on immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Wang Lucy S. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Mamtani Ronac 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeAlthough recent trials involving first‐line immune checkpoint inhibitors have expanded treatment options for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) who are ineligible for standard cisplatin‐based chemotherapy, there exists limited evidence for whether trial efficacy translates into real‐world effectiveness for patients seen in routine care. This retrospective cohort study compares differences in overall survival (OS) between KEYNOTE‐052 trial participants and routine‐care patients receiving first‐line pembrolizumab monotherapy.MethodsA routine‐care patient cohort was constructed from the Flatiron Health database using trial eligibility criteria and was weighted to balance EHR and trial patient characteristics using matching‐adjusted indirect comparisons.ResultsThe routine‐care cohort was older, more likely to be female, and more often cisplatin‐ineligible due to renal dysfunction. ECOG performance status was comparable between the cohorts. Median OS was 9 months (95% CI 7–16) in the weighted routine‐care cohort and 11.3 months (9.7–13.1) in the trial cohort. No significant differences between the Kaplan–Meier OS curves were detected (p = 0.76). Survival probabilities were similar between the weighted routine‐care and trial cohorts at 12‐, 24‐, and 36‐ months (0.45 vs. 0.47, 0.31 vs. 0.31, 0.26 vs. 0.23, respectively). Notably, routine care patients had modestly lower survival at 3 months compared to trial participants (0.69 vs. 0.83, respectively).ConclusionOur results provide reassurance that cisplatin‐ineligible aUC patients receiving first‐line immunotherapy in routine care experience similar benefits to those observed in trial patients.
Synthesis of adhesion promoter for lead frame bonding and application of epoxy composite materials
Authors: Kim Eun ji , Kim Jung Soo , Kim Hae Chan , Kwon Miyeon , Chang Young‐Wook , Kim Dong Hyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolymer adhesion promoters were formulated to improve the adhesion strength of lead frame/epoxy composites. The poly(itaconic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (IAcAAM) was synthesized via free radical polymerization to improve the interfacial adhesion between Ni and Cu lead frames and epoxy composites. IAcAAM was synthesized by setting itaconic acid (IA) and acrylamide (AAM) at molar ratios of 7:3, 5:5, and 3:7. The interfacial adhesion mechanism was investigated by introducing IAcAAM with three different comonomer molar ratios. The adhesion strength between EMC and Cu and Ni substrates to which each IAcAAM was applied was measured using a universal testing machine, and the effect of IAcAAM with various IA:AAM molar ratios on the surface energy of EMC was closely studied. As a result, the adhesion properties of Ni lead frame/epoxy composite and Cu lead frame/epoxy composite were improved as small amounts of all IAcAAM samples were added to the epoxy mixture. We confirmed that IAcAAM with an appropriate molar ratio can be used in the EMC process and has the potential to increase the adhesion of epoxy composites and metal lead frames.Highlights
A polymeric adhesive promoter was synthesized to enhance the adhesion strength of lead frame/epoxy composites.
Poly(itaconic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (IAcAAM) was copolymerized from itaconic acid and acrylamide for this purpose.
The adhesion strength of lead frame/epoxy composites was compared for different IAcAAM monomer contents and with a commercial adhesive promoter.
IAcAAM showed superior adhesion strength in the Ni lead frame/epoxy composite material.
The highest adhesion strength was achieved at a monomer composition of 5:5.
Spectral libraries from nucleobases and deoxyribonucleosides facilitate the identification of ribonucleosides by nano‐flow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Espadas Guadalupe , Llovera Laia , Ollivier Alexane , Tuorto Francesca , Novoa Eva Maria , Sabidó Eduard 
Published: April 2024

RationaleThe study addresses the challenge of identifying RNA post‐transcriptional modifications when commercial standards are not available to generate reference spectral libraries. It proposes employing homologous nucleobases and deoxyribonucleosides as alternative reference spectral libraries to aid in identifying modified ribonucleosides and distinguishing them from their positional isomers when the standards are unavailable.MethodsComplete sets of ribonucleoside, deoxyribonucleoside and nucleobase standards were analyzed using high‐performance nano‐flow liquid chromatography coupled to an Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer. Spectral libraries were constructed from homologous nucleobases and deoxyribonucleosides using targeted MS2 and neutral‐loss‐triggered MS3 methods, and collision energies were optimized. The feasibility of using these libraries for identifying modified ribonucleosides and their positional isomers was assessed through comparison of spectral fragmentation patterns.ResultsOur analysis reveals that both MS2 and neutral‐loss‐triggered MS3 methods yielded rich spectra with similar fragmentation patterns across ribonucleosides, deoxyribonucleosides and nucleobases. Moreover, we demonstrate that spectra from nucleobases and deoxyribonucleosides, generated at optimized collision energies, exhibited sufficient similarity to those of modified ribonucleosides to enable their use as reference spectra for accurate identification of positional isomers within ribonucleoside families.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the efficacy of utilizing homologous nucleobases and deoxyribonucleosides as interchangeable reference spectral libraries for identifying modified ribonucleosides and their positional isomers. This approach offers a valuable solution for overcoming limitations posed by the unavailability of commercial standards, enhancing the analysis of RNA post‐transcriptional modifications via mass spectrometry.
Saturated stabilization of feed‐forward systems subject to lower‐order perturbations
Authors: Liu Jun , Ye Huawen , Chen Zilong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article revisits saturated stabilization of the feed‐forward systems that are subject to lower‐order perturbations, with the purpose of providing new analysis approaches. To carry out the saturation reduction analysis, we do not use the existing time‐interval based contradiction approach, but propose a Lyapunov function method; to deal with the reduced system (the closed‐loop system that does not contain saturation any longer), we do not use the “adding a power integrator” backstepping scheme, but propose an approach which is established by jointly using the vector Lyapunov function theory, a matrix measure stability theory and the switching systems theory. As a result, a quite number of inequality computations can be avoided, and the stability conditions summarized in two analysis procedures can be expressed by directly using the system parameters. This article also shows that the established approaches are applicable to the uncertain feedforward systems subject to linear input perturbation and consequently, allows to present new stabilizing control laws for several intractable under‐actuated systems.
Cover crops and poultry litter impact on soil structural stability in dryland soybean production in southeastern United States
Authors: Dai Wei , Feng Gary , Huang Yanbo , Tewolde Haile , Shankle Mark W. , Jenkins Johnie N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explored the efficacy of soil aggregate indices in quantifying soil structural development, utilizing 5‐year field experiment data from the Southeastern United States. The experiment utilized a split‐plot design with cover crops (native vegetation as control, cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and mustard (Brassica rapa) plus cereal rye as the main factor and fertilizer source (no fertilizer as control, inorganic fertilizer with phosphorus, potassium, and elemental sulfur, and poultry litter) as the secondary factor. Aggregate size fractions were determined using the wet‐sieving method, and aggregate stability index (ASI), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and fractal dimension (FD) were calculated to assess soil structural stability. Main effects results indicated that cereal rye (55.11%) and poultry litter (50.97%) exhibited the highest ASI values. The highest MWD, GMD, and FD were observed under mustard plus cereal rye (1.187 mm), cereal rye (0.462 mm), and hairy vetch (2.573), respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that cover crops significantly improved soil aggregate structure and stability, overcoming limitations of sole fertilization practices. Regression analysis suggested that ASI, MWD, and GWD positively correlated with soil organic carbon, whereas FD negatively correlated with MWD, GMD, and ASI. Principal component analysis exhibited that FD decreased with increasing soil organic carbon, ASI, MWD, and GMD, demonstrating that lower FD values indicate enhanced soil aggregation and structure. Assessed indices, FD included, effectively gauged soil structural stability. These metrics should be prioritized in managerial decisions to support soil productivity and health in agricultural systems.
Well‐being in the context of Indigenous heritage management: A Hach Winik perspective from Metzabok, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Hernandez Christopher , Valenzuela Gómez Armando 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, we examine what local well‐being means in the contexts of collaborative heritage management and national development in Mexico. Driven by the request of Lacandon Mayas (including the second author) who live in Puerto Bello Metzabok, Chiapas, Mexico, in 2018, we engaged in archeological consolidation and heritage management to promote local tourism and sustainable economic development. This collaboration raised a series of ethical and practical questions of how to engage with the Eurocentric project of development. Addressing these issues has become critical, as the Mexican president's signature infrastructure project, Tren Maya (Maya Train), is designed to promote nationwide development via increased cultural heritage tourism in Chiapas and southern Mexico. Through critical reflection on experiences with Metzabok community members, we address Eurocentrism and colonialism by enacting a Lacandon (i.e., Hach Winik) buen vivir. This form of well‐being is relational and communal and creates a common good that includes more‐than‐humans. Via this critical perspective, we argue that a decolonial project can use the tools of development as an initial step in creating Indigenous well‐being.
A Bioinspired Single‐Atom Fe Nanozyme with Excellent Laccase‐Like Activity for Efficient Aflatoxin B1 Removal
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Zixuan , Yao Lili , Liu Shuai , Wang Qiuping , Qu Hao , Wu Yuen , Mao Yu , Zheng Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe applications of natural laccases are greatly restricted because of their drawbacks like poor biostability, high costs, and low recovery efficiency. M/NC single atom nanozymes (M/NC SAzymes) are presenting as great substitutes due to their superior enzyme‐like activity, excellent selectivity and high stability. In this work, inspired by the catalytic active center of natural enzyme, a biomimetic Fe/NC SAzyme (Fe‐SAzyme) with O2‐Fe‐N4 coordination is successfully developed, exhibiting excellent laccase‐like activity. Compared with their natural counterpart, Fe‐SAzyme has shown superior catalytic efficiency and excellent stability under a wide range of pH (3.0–9.0), temperature (4–80 °C) and NaCl strength (0–300 mm). Interestingly, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the high catalytic performance is attributed to the activation of O2 by O2‐Fe‐N4 sites, which weakened the O─O bonds in the oxygen‐to‐water oxidation pathway. Furthermore, Fe‐SAzyme is successfully applied for efficient aflatoxin B1 removal based on its robust laccase‐like catalytic activity. This work provides a strategy for the rational design of laccase‐like SAzymes, and the proposed catalytic mechanism will help to understand the coordination environment effect of SAzymes on laccase‐like catalytic processes.
Integrating Machine Learning in Metabolomics: A Path to Enhanced Diagnostics and Data Interpretation
Authors: Xu Yudian , Cao Linlin , Chen Yifan , Zhang Ziyue , Liu Wanshan , Li He , Ding Chenhuan , Pu Jun , Qian Kun , Xu Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetabolomics, leveraging techniques like NMR and MS, is crucial for understanding biochemical processes in pathophysiological states. This field, however, faces challenges in metabolite sensitivity, data complexity, and omics data integration. Recent machine learning advancements have enhanced data analysis and disease classification in metabolomics. This study explores machine learning integration with metabolomics to improve metabolite identification, data efficiency, and diagnostic methods. Using deep learning and traditional machine learning, it presents advancements in metabolic data analysis, including novel algorithms for accurate peak identification, robust disease classification from metabolic profiles, and improved metabolite annotation. It also highlights multiomics integration, demonstrating machine learning's potential in elucidating biological phenomena and advancing disease diagnostics. This work contributes significantly to metabolomics by merging it with machine learning, offering innovative solutions to analytical challenges and setting new standards for omics data analysis.