bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of breast cancer subtypes in adolescent and young adult women
Authors: Keegan Theresa HM , DeRouen Mindy C , Press David J , Kurian Allison W , Clarke Christina A 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Breast cancers are increasingly recognized as heterogeneous based on expression of receptors for estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Triple-negative tumors (ER-/PR-/HER2-) have been reported to be more common among younger women, but occurrence of the spectrum of breast cancer subtypes in adolescent and young adult (AYA) women aged between 15 and 39 years is otherwise poorly understood.

Methods
Data regarding all 5,605 AYA breast cancers diagnosed in California during the period 2005 to 2009, including ER and PR status (referred to jointly as hormone receptor (HR) status) and HER2 status, was obtained from the population-based California Cancer Registry. Incidence rates were calculated by subtype (triple-negative; HR+/HER2-; HR+/HER2+; HR-/HER2+), and logistic regression was used to evaluate differences in subtype characteristics by age group.

Results
AYAs had higher proportions of HR+/HER2+, triple-negative and HR-/HER2+ breast cancer subtypes and higher proportions of patients of non-White race/ethnicity than did older women. AYAs also were more likely to be diagnosed with stage III/IV disease and high-grade tumors than were older women. Rates of HR+/HER2- and triple-negative subtypes in AYAs varied substantially by race/ethnicity.

Conclusions
The distribution of breast cancer subtypes among AYAs varies from that observed in older women, and varies further by race/ethnicity. Observed subtype distributions may explain the poorer breast cancer survival previously observed among AYAs.
Results of a Pivotal Phase II Study of Brentuximab Vedotin for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Younes Anas , Gopal Ajay K. , Smith Scott E. , Ansell Stephen M. , Rosenblatt Joseph D. , Savage Kerry J. , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Bartlett Nancy L. , Cheson Bruce D. , de Vos Sven , Forero-Torres Andres , Moskowitz Craig H. , Connors Joseph M. , Engert Andreas , Larsen Emily K. , Kennedy Dana A. , Sievers Eric L. , Chen Robert 
Published: March 2012

Purpose Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that selectively delivers monomethyl auristatin E, an antimicrotubule agent, into CD30-expressing cells. In phase I studies, brentuximab vedotin demonstrated significant activity with a favorable safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive lymphomas. Patients and Methods In this multinational, open-label, phase II study, the efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin were evaluated in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) after autologous stem-cell transplantation (auto-SCT). Patients had histologically documented CD30-positive HL by central pathology review. A total of 102 patients were treated with brentuximab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. In the absence of disease progression or prohibitive toxicity, patients received a maximum of 16 cycles. The primary end point was the overall objective response rate (ORR) determined by an independent radiology review facility. Results The ORR was 75% with complete remission (CR) in 34% of patients. The median progression-free survival time for all patients was 5.6 months, and the median duration of response for those in CR was 20.5 months. After a median observation time of more than 1.5 years, 31 patients were alive and free of documented progressive disease. The most common treatment-related adverse events were peripheral sensory neuropathy, nausea, fatigue, neutropenia, and diarrhea. Conclusion The ADC brentuximab vedotin was associated with manageable toxicity and induced objective responses in 75% of patients with relapsed or refractory HL after auto-SCT. Durable CRs approaching 2 years were observed, supporting study in earlier lines of therapy.
Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Phase I Dose-Escalation Trial of PF-00562271, an Inhibitor of Focal Adhesion Kinase, in Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Infante Jeffrey R. , Camidge D. Ross , Mileshkin Linda R. , Chen Eric X. , Hicks Rodney J. , Rischin Danny , Fingert Howard , Pierce Kristen J. , Xu Huiping , Roberts W. Gregory , Shreeve S. Martin , Burris Howard A. , Siu Lillian L. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose PF-00562271 is a novel inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The objectives of this study were to identify the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and assess safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and antitumor activity of PF-00562271. Patients and Methods Part 1 was a dose escalation without and with food. Part 2 enrolled specific tumor types in an expansion at the RP2D and also assessed the effect of PF-00562271 on single-dose midazolam PK in a subgroup of patients. Results Ninety-nine patients (median age, 60 years; 98% with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1) were treated in 12 fasting and three fed cohorts. The 125-mg twice-per-day fed dose was deemed the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and RP2D. Grade 3 dose-limiting toxicities included headache, nausea/vomiting, dehydration, and edema. Nausea was the most frequently observed toxicity (60% of patients, all grades 1 or 2 at RP2D). PF-00562271 exposure increased with increasing dose; serum concentration–time profiles showed characteristic nonlinear disposition. Steady-state exposures were reached within 1 week. On coadministration, geometric mean values of midazolam maximal observed serum concentration and area under the serum concentration–time curve increased by 60% and more than two-fold, respectively. Of 14 patients evaluable by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the expansion cohorts, seven metabolic responses were observed. With conventional imaging, 31 patients had stable disease at first restaging scans, and 15 of these remained stable for six or more cycles. Conclusion The MTD and RP2D of PF-00562271 is 125 mg twice per day with food. PF-00562271 displayed time- and dose-dependent nonlinear PK and is likely a potent CYP 3A inhibitor. This first-in-class study supports further investigation of FAK as a promising therapeutic target.
Prevalence, risk and aggravating factors of chronic venous disease: an epidemiological survey of the general population of Greece
Authors: Dimakakos E , Syrigos K , Scliros E , Karaitianos I 
Published: March 2012

Introduction Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common disease all over the world, mainly in Western Europe and the USA. Aim To evaluate the prevalence of CVD in the Greek general population and the characteristics of CVD. Materials and methods The study sample included 1500 individuals, 15–64 years of age, who were citizens of Athens, Thessaloniki, or one of five Greek cities with more than 10,000 in the population. The sample was selected by a stratified, multistage, random sampling procedure based on the Greek Census 2001. Questionnaires were completed for each individual by personal interview. Results From 1500 individuals, 224 (14.9%) had symptoms and/or signs of CVD, 9.6% were men and 20.1% were women. The highest percentage of presenting CVD symptoms was among 45–54-year-olds (23.4%) and 55–64-year-olds (27%). The symptoms that were mostly mentioned among sufferers were 58% achy legs, 37.4% swollen legs and 25.3% heavy legs, whereas the frequent signs were broken capillaries – telangiectasia (19.2%) and varicose veins (14.8%). About 62.9% with CVD had an obese body mass index (BMI > 25). The prevalence of CVD in patients with prolonged standing hours at work (4+ hours) was 20.8%. The symptoms of CVD were worse during the summer period only in 26.8% of the patients whereas in 50.8% during all the year. Regarding quality of life, more than 40% of the patients had either health or cosmetic problems. Sufferers mentioned that they took first advice from physicians (28%), or from friends and relatives (27%) or from pharmacists (26%). Conclusion This is a real whole-population study of Greece – a Mediterranean country that provides important and remarkable data on the epidemiology of CVD and highlights that we need improvement of relations within the triangle constituted by physicians, patients and disease.
Primary Care Physicians’ Perceptions of Barriers To Preventive Reproductive Health Care In Rural Communities
Authors: Chuang Cynthia H. , Hwang Sandra W. , McCall‐Hosenfeld Jennifer S. , Rosenwasser Lara , Hillemeier Marianne M. , Weisman Carol S. 
Published: March 2012

CONTEXT: Women residing in rural areas are less likely than urban women to receive preventive reproductive health care, but reasons for this disparity remain largely unexplored.
METHODS: In 2010, semistructured interviews were conducted with 19 rural primary care physicians in central Pennsylvania regarding their experiences in two domains of preventive reproductive health—contraceptive care and preconception care. Major themes were identified using a modified grounded theory approach.
RESULTS: Physicians perceived that they had a greater role in providing contraceptive care than did nonrural physicians and that contraceptives were widely accessible to patients in their communities; however, the scope of contraceptive services they provided varied widely. Participants were aware of the importance of optimal health prior to pregnancy, but most did not routinely initiate preconception counseling. Physicians perceived rural community norms of unintended pregnancies, large families, and indifference toward career and educational goals for young women as the biggest barriers to both contraceptive and preconception care, as these attitudes resulted in a lack of patient interest in family planning. Lack of time and resources were identified as additional barriers to providing preconception care.
CONCLUSIONS: Rural women’s low use of contraceptive and preconception care services may reflect that preventive reproductive health care is not a priority in rural communities, rather than that it is inaccessible. Efforts to motivate rural women to engage in reproductive life planning, including more proactive counseling by providers, merit examination as ways to improve use of services.
Novel Modeling of Reference Values of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children Aged 7 to 20 Years
Authors: Mellerio Hélène , Alberti Corinne , Druet Céline , Capelier Florence , Mercat Isabelle , Josserand Emilie , Vol Sylviane , Tichet Jean , Lévy-Marchal Claire 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Most of the cardiovascular risk factors strongly associated with obesity and overweight vary with age and gender. However, few reference values are available for healthy European children. Our objective was to establish pediatric reference ranges for waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting lipid levels (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), glucose, and insulin.

METHODS:
A representative sample of 1976 healthy French individuals (1004 female participants and 972 male participants) aged 7 to 20 years was used to obtain age- and gender-specific normal ranges for each of the above-listed cardiovascular risk factors, based on the Royston and Wright method.

RESULTS:
Mean waist circumference increased with age in both genders and was slightly higher in males than in females. Whereas systolic blood pressure increased gradually with age, with the increase being steeper in males than in females, no gender effect was found for diastolic blood pressure, which was therefore modeled after pooling males and females. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride values varied little with age and gender. Glucose and insulin levels revealed pubertal peaks, which were sharper in females than in males, reflecting the normal insulin resistance during puberty.

CONCLUSIONS:
These ranges can be used as references for European children to monitor cardiovascular risk factors and to plan interventions and education programs.
Motor Coordination and Psychosocial Correlates in a Normative Adolescent Sample
Authors: Rigoli Daniela , Piek Jan P. , Kane Robert 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Previous research has revealed an important relationship between motor coordination difficulties and internalizing problems such as anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, further research is needed to understand the potential mediating factors in this relationship. The aim of the current study was to examine whether the association between motor coordination and emotional functioning is mediated by self-perceptions in a normative sample of adolescents.

METHODS:
Participants included 93 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children–2 provided 2 indicators of motor coordination; the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale provided 2 indicators of emotional functioning; and the Self-Description Questionnaire–II provided 6 indicators for self-perceived competence.

RESULTS:
Structural equation modeling revealed that motor coordination affects emotional functioning via self-perceptions.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that the relationship between motor coordination and emotional functioning in adolescents from a normative sample may be understood in terms of a mechanism by which motor coordination has an indirect impact on emotional outcomes through various self-perception domains. These findings have important implications for increasing awareness and developing appropriate treatment programs for motor coordination and emotional difficulties.
Immune Status in Very Preterm Neonates
Authors: Azizia Mallika , Lloyd Jillian , Allen Meredith , Klein Nigel , Peebles Donald 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Preterm neonates are at increased risk of sepsis compared with those born at term. We investigated immune status at birth and early neonatal life in very preterm neonates and its association with short-term outcomes.

METHODS:
Prospective observational study conducted at a university hospital recruiting 113 preterm neonates (23–32 weeks) and 78 controls. Monocyte major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression, serum, and ex vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulated levels of six cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70) were measured in umbilical cord blood and over the first 7 days. The presence of neonatal sepsis and histologic chorioamnionitis was recorded.

RESULTS:
Prematurity (preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes cohorts), neonatal sepsis, and histologic chorioamnionitis were associated with significant reduction in monocyte MHC class II expression. Neonates who had evidence of subsequent protracted sepsis had low levels of MHC class II expression at birth. Serial monocyte MHC class II expression revealed a fall by day 2, in all preterm neonates, with the degree being influenced by both prematurity and sepsis, and incomplete recovery by day 7, suggesting immunoparalysis in preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor cohorts. Whole blood lipopolysaccharide stimulation assay showed significantly lower tumor necrosis factor α, values in preterm neonates who subsequently developed sepsis indicating a degree of immunoparalysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data support the concept that fetal exposure to inflammation before preterm delivery leads to subsequent endotoxin hyporesponsiveness (immunoparalysis), which increases the risk of subsequent sepsis and associated organ dysfunction.
The National Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program, 1994–2008
Authors: Smith Emily A. , Jacques-Carroll Lisa , Walker Tanja Y. , Sirotkin Barry , Murphy Trudy V. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:To determine the trends and outcomes of the national Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program (PHBPP) for infants born from 1994 to 2008.METHODS:PHBPPs in state and city public health jurisdictions annually submitted program outcome reports to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The annual number of births to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive women was estimated and used to evaluate the percentage of PHBPP-identified HBsAg-positive pregnant women. PHBPP reports were used to assess program objectives achieved, and infant outcomes by 12 to 24 months of age.RESULTS:From 1994 to 2008, the estimated number of annual births to HBsAg-positive women increased from 19 208 to 25 600 (P &lt; .001). The annual number of PHBPP-managed infants increased (P &lt; .001), comprising 40.8% to 50.5% of the estimated number. On average, 94.4% of PHBPP-managed infants received hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine within 1 day of birth. The percentage of infants who completed the vaccine series by age 12 months decreased from 86.0% to 77.7% (P = .004), but the percentage who received postvaccination testing increased from 25.1% to 56.0% (P &lt; .001). Incidence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among tested infants decreased from 2.1% in 1999 to 0.8% in 2008 (P = .001).CONCLUSIONS:The PHBPP achieved substantial progress in preventing perinatal hepatitis B virus infection in the United States, despite an increasing number of at-risk infants. Significant gaps remain in identifying HBsAg-positive pregnant women, and completing management and assessment of their infants to ensure prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission.
Accuracy and Usefulness of the HEDIS Childhood Immunization Measures
Authors: Bundy David G. , Solomon Barry S. , Kim Julia M. , Miller Marlene R. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:With the use of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) immunization recommendations as the gold standard, our objectives were to measure the accuracy (“is this child up-to-date on immunizations?”) and usefulness (“is this child due for catch-up immunizations?”) of the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) childhood immunization measures.METHODS:For children aged 24 to 35 months from the 2009 National Immunization Survey, we assessed the accuracy and usefulness of the HEDIS childhood immunization measures for 6 individual immunizations and a composite.RESULTS:A total of 12 096 children met all inclusion criteria and composed the study sample. The HEDIS measures had &gt;90% accuracy when compared with the CDC gold standard for each of the 6 immunizations (range, 94.3%–99.7%) and the composite (93.8%). The HEDIS measure was least accurate for hepatitis B and pneumococcal conjugate immunizations. The proportion of children for which the HEDIS measure yielded a nonuseful result (ie, an incorrect answer to the question, “is this child due for catch-up immunization?”) ranged from 0.33% (varicella) to 5.96% (pneumococcal conjugate). The most important predictor of HEDIS measure accuracy and usefulness was the CDC-recommended number of immunizations due at age 2 years; children with zero or all immunizations due were the most likely to be correctly classified.CONCLUSIONS:HEDIS childhood immunization measures are, on the whole, accurate and useful. Certain immunizations (eg, hepatitis B, pneumococcal conjugate) and children (eg, those with a single overdue immunization), however, are more prone to HEDIS misclassification.
Microstructure and dielectric behavior of the three-phase Ag@SiO2/BaTiO3/PVDF composites with high permittivity
Authors: Liang Xianwen , Yu Shuhui , Sun Rong , Luo Suibin , Wan Jie , Yu Shuhui , Sun Rong , Luo Suibin , Liang Xianwen , Wan Jie , Zhuang Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The Success of Through-Tubing Impact Hammers to Dislodge Fish or Scale from Wellbore
Authors: Mitchell Michael W. , Ingram Gary , Haq Mohammed A. , Rossing Michael 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Wellbore obstructions are a common dilemma and typically must be removed as they can severely restrict a well’s production capability and have proven to be very costly. For instance, scale formation will eventually result in lower yields and well failure, while a fish left in a well can hamper future wellbore operations.
The thru-tubing well intervention impact hammer was designed to dislodge fish or scale from a wellbore, by delivering an upward or downward impact force. The tool is activated by flow, in combination with compressive or tensile force, depending on the required impact. In operations that require bi-directional forces, both the single-acting up (SAU) and single- acting down (SAD) can be used concurrently on the same bottom-hole assembly (BHA). This paper describes the performance of "fluid activated impact hammers" for fishing operations. Case histories of recent field results are also discussed which illustrate the efficient removal of wellbore obstructions in deviated wells. This enables the well to be put back on production quickly and saves cost.
The impact hammers are utilized in various applications, such as shifting sleeves, shearing pins, breaking disks, assisting with fishing operations and scale removal; in fact, any application where high frequency localized impacts are required. The tool’s impact force can be adjusted to accommodate the specific parameters of an operation. Its maximum capacity is up to 80,000 lb (36,000kg) per impact depending on tool size. The impact hammers enable operators to cost-effectively remove a wireline-retrievable packer (WRP), where conventional wireline techniques have failed and jars had proved impractical. The design allows adjustment of the impact force by manipulating the tension or compression weight on the tool. This maximizes operational efficiency, by enabling the impact hammer to function in numerous situations and the individual up and down hammer components enable the BHA design to accommodate specific jarring direction.
Coiled Tubing Sand Cleanout at Low-Bottomhole-Pressure, Large-Diameter-Casing, and Long-Horizontal-Well Applications in Deepwater West Seno Field
Authors: Putra Koesnihadi J. B. , Wijoseno D. A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The most challenging clean out work in the world of coiled tubing (CT) is cleaning out inside a large diameter casing at a low bottom hole pressure. In West Seno field, this type of work is the basic requirement to be able to recover production, which is mostly from sanded up & depleted horizontal wells. Deep wells & limited capacity of the tension leg platform (TLP) prohibit the use of big size coil tubing and this fact added complexity to the job. However, with the integration of several methods such as the utilization of special rotating jetting system, real time fiber optic downhole telemetry system, gas lift injection technique & the use of a new clean out shear thinning oil based gel fluid which has superior suspension ability, the work that was almost impossible before is now viable.
This paper will discuss two sand cleanout jobs in West Seno field, where one was successful & the other a failure. Both wells involved extremely challenging sand cleanout jobs in low bottom hole pressure (BHP), large diameter casing and long horizontal section below 3-1/2" tubing. The astonishing high sand retention & carrying capability of the oil based gel fluid will also be discussed as one of the key success factor in this sand cleanout method.