bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playfulness in Children With and Without Disability: Measurement and Intervention
Authors: Okimoto Ann Mari , Bundy Anita , Hanzlik Jodie 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. The differences in playfulness between young children with cerebral palsy and developmental delays and children who are typically developing, and the comparative effects of two interventions (one focused on improving mother–child interaction patterns, the other a neurodevelopmental treatment [NDT] session) on children’s playfulness were examined in this study. Reliability and validity of the Test of Playfulness (ToP) also were examined.
Method. Three trained raters used the ToP to score 38 children, half with cerebral palsy and developmental delays and half typically developing, as they played with their mothers. Mental ages of the children ranged from 3 to 18 months. The mother–child dyads in which the children had cerebral palsy and developmental delays were then randomly assigned to an intervention group. After a 1-hr intervention to improve mother–child interaction, the children were rescored on the ToP.
Results. After examination of ToP reliability and validity, children with cerebral palsy and developmental delays were found to score significantly lower on the ToP than their peers who were typically developing. In addition, children whose mothers received an intervention to improve mother–child interactions scored significantly higher on the ToP after intervention than before intervention. However, the gain scores of children whose mothers received the intervention were not significantly higher than those of children who received direct NDT.
Conclusion. The results suggested that when the shared goal of parents and therapists is to enable children to express their inherent playfulness, intervention to improve parent– child interactions may be more potent than intervention directed at improving the child’s developmental skills.
Use of Early Tactile Stimulation in Rehabilitation of Digital Nerve Injuries
Authors: Cheng Andy Shu-Kei 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. Digital nerves are the most frequently injured peripheral nerve. To improve the recovery of functional sensibility of digital nerve injuries, a prospective randomized controlled study was conducted to see the effect of using early tactile stimulation in rehabilitation of digital nerve injuries.
Method. Two specific tactile stimulators were made and prescribed for patients with digital nerve-injury. Twenty-four participants with 32 digital nerve injuries received the prescribed tactile stimulators (experimental group), and another 25 participants with 33 digital nerve injuries received only routine conventional therapy (control group).
Results. A significant difference (p &lt; .05) was seen in the experimental group, although there were some variations between the different classes of associated injuries, with least benefit observed in the combined nerve, tendon, and bone injury class.
Conclusion. Use of early tactile stimulation as described in this study can be considered an effective way to improve both quality and quantity of recovery of functional sensibility in digital nerve injuries without combined nerve, tendon, and bone injuries.
The Orchestration of Occupation: The Dance of Mothers
Authors: Larson Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objectives. This article describes the relationship of mothers’ orchestration of daily occupations, the specialized maternal work of parenting a child with a disability, and the mother’s subjective well-being.
Method. Mothers’ daily occupations and subjective well-being were studied using multiple in-depth interviews, participant observation of a day’s round of occupations, and scales of well-being. Data were treated to a recursive analysis, which included theoretical notes generated during transcriptions that identified important themes and additional points of inquiry, line-by-line coding of transcripts, and theoretical sorting of codes and regrouping, recoding. To account for patterns in the data, a relational analysis was conducted that included the generation of metaphors.
Results. Emergent findings of this analysis identified the mothers’ guiding occupational motif and eight processes of orchestration in their daily routines. The occupational motif, the embrace of paradox, directed the mother’s orchestration of daily occupations. The orchestration processes included planning, organizing, balancing, anticipating, interpreting, forecasting, perspective shifting, and meaning making. Examples illustrate the maternally driven and child-sensitive nature of these processes.
Conclusion. In their daily rounds, the mothers studied were attentive to the manner and method with which they interacted with their children to produce child-contingent occupations commensurate with their values of being a good mother. Using these orchestration processes, mothers made sense of their past, designed their present, and planned for their future within their daily occupational rounds for themselves and family members.
Maternal Management of the Home as a Developmental Play Space for Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Pierce Doris 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. One purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the work done by mothers as they manage the spaces and objects of the home to support the development of infants and toddlers at play.
Method. Eighteen mother–infant dyads participated in the study. Data were collected via monthly in-home videotaping of infants and monthly interviews with mothers, from 1 to 18 months of infant age. Data were analyzed with a grounded theory approach and computer-assisted video and text analysis.
Results. The results describe the everyday tasks of mothers of infants and toddlers, such as selecting commercial toys and household objects for play, positioning infants for play, maintaining and making play objects available, furnishing the home with child care equipment, controlling infant access to the spaces of the home, and monitoring for safety.
Conclusion. This description contributes to our understanding of maternal work, infant and toddler development in context, co-occupations, and the neglected spatial dimension of occupation.
Relationship Between Performance on Tests of Basic Visual Functions and Visual-Perceptual Processing in Persons After Brain Injury
Authors: Cate Yolanda , Richards Lorie 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. In this correlational study of adults receiving occupational therapy who sustained a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), the relationship between basic visual functions (including acuity, visual field deficits, oculomotor skills, and visual attention or scanning) and higher level visual-perceptual processing skills (e.g., visual closure and figure–ground discrimination) was investigated.
Method. Thirty adults who sustained CVA and 20 adults without a history of CVA were given a basic visual function screening and the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT). Scores on the vision screening and the MVPT were correlated statistically.
Results. A Pearson product-moment correlation analysis produced a correlation of r = .75 between vision screening scores and scores from the MVPT.
Conclusion. These results suggest that a positive relation exists between basic visual functions and visual-perceptual processing skills. Further, the results suggest that evaluation of visual-perceptual processing skills must begin with assessment of basic visual functions so that the influence of these basic visual functions on performance in more complex tests can be taken into consideration.
Reliability and Validity of a Parent Questionnaire on Childhood Motor Skills
Authors: Wilson Brenda N. , Kaplan Bonnie J. , Crawford Susan G. , Campbell Anne , Dewey Deborah 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. As the consequences of clumsiness in childrenbecome better understood, the need for valid measurement tools is apparent. Parent report has thepotential for providing historical knowledge of the child’s motor skills, as well as perceptions of their children’s motor difficulties. Theobjective was to develop a parent questionnaire to identifymotor difficulties in children.
Method. A sample of 306 children participated in the development of a 17-item parent questionnaire, called the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). Internal consistency, concurrent and construct validity were examined.
Results. The DCDQ proved capable of distinguishing children who had motor problems (as measured by standardized tests) from children without motor problems. Correlations with standardized tests were significant. Two other studies confirmed the construct validity of the DCDQ. Factor analysis revealed four distinct factors, useful in defining the nature of the difficulties.
Conclusion. The DCDQ is a succinct and useful measure for use by occupational therapists.
Krill Oil for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Laslett Laura L. , Scheepers Lieke E. J. M. , Antony Benny , Wluka Anita E. , Cai Guoqi , Hill Catherine L. , March Lyn , Keen Helen I. , Otahal Petr , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Jones Graeme 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceKnee osteoarthritis is disabling, with few effective treatments. Preliminary evidence suggested that krill oil supplementation improved knee pain, but effects on knee osteoarthritis remain unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate efficacy of krill oil supplementation, compared with placebo, on knee pain in people with knee osteoarthritis who have significant knee pain and effusion-synovitis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsMulticenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 5 Australian cities. Participants with clinical knee osteoarthritis, significant knee pain, and effusion-synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled from December 2016 to June 2019; final follow-up occurred on February 7, 2020.InterventionsParticipants were randomized to 2 g/d of krill oil (n = 130) or matching placebo (n = 132) for 24 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was change in knee pain as assessed by visual analog scale (range, 0-100; 0 indicating least pain; minimum clinically important improvement = 15) over 24 weeks.ResultsOf 262 participants randomized (mean age, 61.6 [SD, 9.6] years; 53% women), 222 (85%) completed the trial. Krill oil did not improve knee pain compared with placebo (mean change in VAS score, −19.9 [krill oil] vs −20.2 [placebo]; between-group mean difference, −0.3; 95% CI, −6.9 to 6.4) over 24 weeks. One or more adverse events was reported by 51% in the krill oil group (67/130) and by 54% in the placebo group (71/132). The most common adverse events were musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders, which occurred 32 times in the krill oil group and 42 times in the placebo group, including knee pain (n = 10 with krill oil; n = 9 with placebo), lower extremity pain (n = 1 with krill oil; n = 5 with placebo), and hip pain (n = 3 with krill oil; n = 2 with placebo).Conclusions and RelevanceAmong people with knee osteoarthritis who have significant knee pain and effusion-synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging, 2 g/d of daily krill oil supplementation did not improve knee pain over 24 weeks compared with placebo. These findings do not support krill oil for treating knee pain in this population.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ACTRN12616000726459; Universal Trial Number: U1111-1181-7087
Assessing the Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials With Large Language Models
Authors: Lai Honghao , Ge Long , Sun Mingyao , Pan Bei , Huang Jiajie , Hou Liangying , Yang Qiuyu , Liu Jiayi , Liu Jianing , Ye Ziying , Xia Danni , Zhao Weilong , Wang Xiaoman , Liu Ming , Talukdar Jhalok Ronjan , Tian Jinhui , Yang Kehu , Estill Janne 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceLarge language models (LLMs) may facilitate the labor-intensive process of systematic reviews. However, the exact methods and reliability remain uncertain.ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and reliability of using LLMs to assess risk of bias (ROB) in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA survey study was conducted between August 10, 2023, and October 30, 2023. Thirty RCTs were selected from published systematic reviews.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA structured prompt was developed to guide ChatGPT (LLM 1) and Claude (LLM 2) in assessing the ROB in these RCTs using a modified version of the Cochrane ROB tool developed by the CLARITY group at McMaster University. Each RCT was assessed twice by both models, and the results were documented. The results were compared with an assessment by 3 experts, which was considered a criterion standard. Correct assessment rates, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 scores were calculated to reflect accuracy, both overall and for each domain of the Cochrane ROB tool; consistent assessment rates and Cohen κ were calculated to gauge consistency; and assessment time was calculated to measure efficiency. Performance between the 2 models was compared using risk differences.ResultsBoth models demonstrated high correct assessment rates. LLM 1 reached a mean correct assessment rate of 84.5% (95% CI, 81.5%-87.3%), and LLM 2 reached a significantly higher rate of 89.5% (95% CI, 87.0%-91.8%). The risk difference between the 2 models was 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01-0.09). In most domains, domain-specific correct rates were around 80% to 90%; however, sensitivity below 0.80 was observed in domains 1 (random sequence generation), 2 (allocation concealment), and 6 (other concerns). Domains 4 (missing outcome data), 5 (selective outcome reporting), and 6 had F1 scores below 0.50. The consistent rates between the 2 assessments were 84.0% for LLM 1 and 87.3% for LLM 2. LLM 1’s κ exceeded 0.80 in 7 and LLM 2’s in 8 domains. The mean (SD) time needed for assessment was 77 (16) seconds for LLM 1 and 53 (12) seconds for LLM 2.ConclusionsIn this survey study of applying LLMs for ROB assessment, LLM 1 and LLM 2 demonstrated substantial accuracy and consistency in evaluating RCTs, suggesting their potential as supportive tools in systematic review processes.
The delivery assessment for small targets on Halcyon radiotherapy system – Measured and calculated dose comparison
Authors: Lankinen Linda , Kulmala Antti , Lehtomäki Jouko , Harju Ari 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the ever‐increasing requirements of accuracy and personalization of radiotherapy treatments, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) on O‐ring Halcyon radiotherapy system could potentially provide a fast, safe, and feasible treatment option.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the delivery of Halcyon VMAT plans for small targets.MethodsWell‐defined VMAT‐SRT plans were created on Halcyon radiotherapy system with the stacked and staggered dual‐layer MLC design for the film measurement set‐up and the target sizes and shapes designed to emulate the targets of the stereotactic treatments. The planar dose distributions were acquired with film measurements and compared to a current clinical reference dose calculation with AcurosXB (v18.0, Varian Medical Systems) and to Monte Carlo simulations. With the collapsed arc versions of the VMAT‐SRT plans, the uncertainty in dose delivery due to the multileaf collimator (MLC) without the gantry rotation could be separated and analyzed.ResultsThe target size was mainly limited by the resolution originated from the design of the MLC leaves. The results of the collapsed arc versions of the plans show good consistency among measured, calculated, and simulated dose distributions. With the full VMAT plans, the agreement between calculated and simulated dose distributions was consistent with the collapsed arc versions. The measured dose distribution agreed with the calculated and simulated dose distributions within the target regions, but considerable local differences were observed in the margins of the target. The largest differences located in the steep gradient regions presumably originating from the deviation of the isocenter.ConclusionsThe potential of the Halcyon radiotherapy system for VMAT‐SRT delivery was evaluated and the study revealed valuable insights on the machine characteristics with the delivery.
Abnormal intrinsic functional hubs and connectivity in patients with post‐stroke depression
Authors: Wu Xiumei , Xu Kang , Li Tongyue , Wang Luoyu , Fu Yanhui , Ma Zhenqiang , Wu Xiaoyan , Wang Yiying , Chen Fenyang , Song Jinyi , Song Yulin , Lv Yating 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the specific alterations of brain networks in patients with post‐stroke depression (PSD), and further assist in elucidating the brain mechanisms underlying the PSD which would provide supporting evidence for early diagnosis and interventions for the disease.MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonace imaging data were acquired from 82 nondepressed stroke patients (Stroke), 39 PSD patients, and 74 healthy controls (HC). Voxel‐wise degree centrality (DC) conjoined with seed‐based functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed to investigate the PSD‐related connectivity alterations. The relationship between these alterations and depression severity was further examined in PSD patients.ResultsRelative to both Stroke and HC groups, (1) PSD showed increased centrality in regions within the default mode network (DMN), including contralesional angular gyrus (ANG), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and hippocampus (HIP). DC values in contralesional ANG positively correlated with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) scores in PSD group. (2) PSD exhibited increased connectivity between these three seeds showing altered DC and regions within the DMN: bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus and ipsilesional superior parietal gyrus, and regions outside the DMN: bilateral calcarine, ipsilesional inferior occipital gyrus and contralesional lingual gyrus, while decreased connectivity between contralesional ANG and contralesional supramarginal gyrus. Moreover, these FC alterations could predict PHQ‐9 scores in PSD group.InterpretationThese findings highlight that PSD was related with increased functional connectivity strength in some areas within the DMN, which might be attribute to the specific alterations of connectivity between within DMN and outside DMN regions in PSD.
Peroxidase‐Like Nanozyme Activates the cGAS‐STING Pathway via ROS‐Induced mtDNA Release for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhu Xueqin , Wang Xiaoxi , Liu Zimai , Jiang Bing , He Zonghong , Liu Sijia , Wu Yahong , Wu Zixian , Zhang Tiantian , Liu Meiyi , Li Kai , Niu Xiaoshuang , Gao Yanfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough numerous peroxidase (POD)‐like nanozymes have been designed for catalytic therapy of cancer, development of nanozymes with higher therapeutic efficacy and less adverse effects are challengeable. More importantly, the underlying antitumor mechanism remains largely unknown which hinders their application. Here, the nitrogen‐doped carbon nanozyme (N‐PCNS) as a model is utilized and demonstrated that its capacity to specifically activate the STING pathway in tumor cells through reactive oxgen species (ROS)‐mediated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, which provides the initial signals for STING‐dependent innate immune response. Further, a peptide‐nanozyme conjugate (PNEC, OPBP1‐N‐PCNS), comprising a PD‐L1 blocking/targeting dual‐functional peptide and a cationic‐coated N‐PCNS is constructed, which are conjugated through a matrix metalloproteinase responsive peptide linker. The cleaved derivate nanozyme with positive charge exhibits recyclable capacity and superior ability in capturing and enhancing the transcellular transport of tumor‐derived mtDNA toward DCs, thereby amplifying the STING signaling‐mediated anti‐tumor immune response. This study proposed a unique mechanism and design strategy for POD‐like nanozyme in cancer immunotherapy.
An Injectable Composite Co‐Assembled Dehydropeptide‐Based Magnetic/Plasmonic Lipogel for Multimodal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Veloso Sérgio R. S. , Vázquez‐González Margarita , Spuch Carlos , Freiría‐Martínez Luis , Comís‐Tuche María , Iglesias‐Martínez‐Almeida Marta , Rivera‐Baltanás Tania , Hilliou Loic , Amorim C. O. , Amaral V. S. , Coutinho Paulo J. G. , Ferreira Paula M. T. , Castanheira Elisabete M. S. , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdvancing therapeutic effectiveness through the strategic co‐delivery of drugs in a sequential manner represents a compelling strategy. However, achieving precise and selective release of chemotherapeutic agents remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a co‐assembled Arginine‐Glycine‐Aspartate (RGD)‐functionalized dehydropeptide‐based gel loaded with magnetic liposomes and mesoporous silica‐coated gold nanorods is introduced. This composite system serves as a sophisticated tool to independently modulate the release of doxorubicin and methotrexate. The gel's properties are intricately tuned by the incorporation of liposomes or nanorods and/or the co‐assembly with an RGD‐functionalized peptide. Furthermore, the combined effects of sequential drug release, photothermia, and magnetic hyperthermia synergistically enhance therapeutic efficacy against 3D cancer cell cultures. Noteworthy attributes of the gel include its ability to orthogonally trigger loaded drugs, along with features such as injectability, rapid gelation, self‐healing, and mechanical properties suitable for drug delivery. Consequently, this versatile multimodal platform emerges as a promising option for therapeutic applications, particularly in the context of cancer therapy.
Metal Single‐Atoms Toward Electromagnetic Wave‐Absorbing Materials: Insights and Perspective
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Ci , Zhang Min , Wang Meng‐Qi , Chang Li , Li Lin , Cao Mao‐Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetal single‐atoms implanted on nitrogen‐doped carbon matrices (M‐NxCs) can effectively adjust local surface electrons and polarization relaxation through coordination structures to significantly enhance the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties of the materials. However, the precise construction of the geometric and electronic structures of metal single atoms and the discovery of the structure‐absorption relationship at the atomic level confront a huge challenge. Herein, this work summarizes the latest progress in metal single‐atom engineering of EMW absorbing materials via a comprehensive analysis of M‐NxCs in terms of design principles, modulation strategies, and structure‐performance correlations. Subsequently, it highlights the recent progress of several typical M‐NxCs as the EMW absorbing materials, aiming to achieve a complete understanding of the physical effects and atomic‐level absorption mechanisms. Finally, current key challenge and future directions of M‐NxCs are presented by focusing on the electromagnetic functional materials. This work provides new insights for the development of atomically dispersed absorbing materials for efficient electromagnetic response functionalities.