bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Top priorities for alcohol regulators in the United States: protecting public health or the alcohol industry?
Authors: Mart Sarah M. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAims  This paper describes alcohol industry involvement in the 2010 annual conference proceedings of the National Conference of State Liquor Administrators (NCSLA) in the United States.Design  The author attended the conference, observed conference attendees and panelists and identified key themes in the panel sessions.Setting  The NCSLA Annual Meeting took place 20–24 June 2010 in New Orleans, Louisiana.Participants  NCSLA meeting attendees and panelists were professionals from state alcohol control systems; federal government agencies; and companies representing the alcohol industry.Measurements  The total number of conference attendees and participants were counted as well as the number of attendees and participants from regulator, industry and public health sectors.Findings  More than two‐thirds (72.2%) of the 187 conference attendees were from alcohol producers, importers, wholesalers, retailers or their attorneys. Nearly two‐thirds (65.0%) of the 40 panelists were from the alcohol industry. The author of this paper was the only attendee, and the only panelist, representing public health policy.Conclusions  The National Conference of State Liquor Administrators in the United States is dominated by the private, global companies that produce, import, distribute and sell alcohol, highlighting a lack of public health considerations within the Association's liquor control agenda.
Limited maximal flow rate of target‐controlled remifentanil infusion and induced cough
Authors: Min S. K. , Kim D. H. , Cho H. B. , Moon B. K. , Kim J. Y. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThis study evaluated the effect of limiting maximal infusion‐pump flow rate on suppression of remifentanil‐induced cough during target‐controlled infusion. Two hundred and ten patients were randomly assigned to receive remifentanil at an effect‐site concentration of 4.0 ng.ml−1 with maximal flow rate limited to 100 (group R100), 200 (group R200), or 1200 ml.h−1 (group R1200). The number of episodes of cough were recorded and graded as mild (1–2), moderate (3–4), or severe (5 or more). The incidence of cough was 2.9% in group R100, 5.7% in group R200 and 25.7% in group R1200. Patients in group R100 and R200 had a significantly lower incidence of cough than those in group R1200 (p < 0.05). Zero, two and five patients coughed a moderate amount in groups R100, R200 and group R1200, respectively (p < 0.05). Limiting maximal infusion rate during remifentanil TCI suppressed remifentanil‐induced cough.
A central difference method with low numerical dispersion for solving the scalar wave equation
Authors: Yang Dinghui , Tong Ping , Deng Xiaoying 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a nearly‐analytic central difference method, which is an improved version of the central difference method. The new method is fourth‐order accurate with respect to both space and time but uses only three grid points in spatial directions. The stability criteria and numerical dispersion for the new scheme are analysed in detail. We also apply the nearly‐analytic central difference method to 1D and 2D cases to compute synthetic seismograms. For comparison, the fourth‐order Lax‐Wendroff correction scheme and the fourth‐order staggered‐grid finite‐difference method are used to model acoustic wavefields. Numerical results indicate that the nearly‐analytic central difference method can be used to solve large‐scale problems because it effectively suppresses numerical dispersion caused by discretizing the scalar wave equation when too coarse grids are used. Meanwhile, numerical results show that the minimum sampling rate of the nearly‐analytic central difference method is about 2.5 points per minimal wavelength for eliminating numerical dispersion, resulting that the nearly‐analytic central difference method can save greatly both computational costs and storage space as contrasted to other high‐order finite‐difference methods such as the fourth‐order Lax‐Wendroff correction scheme and the fourth‐order staggered‐grid finite‐difference method.
Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma with hyperplastic germinal centres (pattern 1) shows superior survival to patterns 2 and 3: a meta‐analysis of 56 cases
Authors: Tan Leonard H C , Tan Soo Y , Tang Tiffany , Lim Soon T , Tan Daryl , Lim Lay C , Kam Grace L S , Loh Tze P , Tao Miriam , Koay Evelyn S C 
Published: January 2012

Tan L H C, Tan S Y, Tang T, Lim S T, Tan D, Lim L C, Kam G L S, Loh T P, Tao M & Koay E S C  (2012) Histopathology 60, 570–585 Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma with hyperplastic germinal centres (pattern 1) shows superior survival to patterns 2 and 3: a meta‐analysis of 56 casesAims:  Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) may present in patterns 1, 2 or 3, representing those with hyperplastic, regressed or effaced germinal centres (GCs), respectively, but the prognostic utility of this subclassification has not been previously validated.Methods and results:  Twenty‐five cases of AITL were reviewed immunohistologically and with in‐situ hybridization for Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded RNA and polymerase chain reaction for T‐cell receptor gamma and immunoglobulin heavy chain clonality and followed for up to 120 months. Four cases had conventional hyperplastic GCs, two had floral GCs, and one had progressively transformed GCs, consistent with pattern 1 and one additional case had hyalinized GCs, consistent with pattern 2. The remaining 17 (pattern 3) cases lacked morphologically discernible GCs. The Kaplan–Meier survival distribution of pattern 1 cases (5‐year survival 83%) was superior to that of pattern 2 and 3 cases [5‐year‐survival 36% (P = 0.0417)] only when combined with the 31 cases, seven of which were pattern 1, that Attygalle et al. had followed for up to 247 months and previously published. Furthermore, the development of B‐lineage (classical Hodgkin or diffuse large‐cell) lymphoma was associated exclusively with pattern 3 (P = 0.0057).Conclusions:  Pattern 1 represents an indolent phase/grade of AITL, unassociated with the development of secondary B‐lineage lymphoma and uninfluenced by treatment regimen.
Evaluation of esophageal contractile propagation using esophageal pressure topography
Authors: Pandolfino J. E. , Sifrim D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  High‐resolution manometry and esophageal pressure topography have enhanced our ability to analyze esophageal motor disturbances by improving the detail and accuracy of measurements of peristaltic activity.This has been extremely helpful in the evaluation of disorders of rapid propagation as the technique is able to define important time points and physiologic landmarks that are crucial in defining peristaltic velocity and latency intervals.Purpose  The goal of the current review will be to assess how esophageal pressure topography has impacted our ability to define important phenotypes of rapid propagation. Additionally, this review will also be utilized to complement the description of the Chicago Classification of Esophageal Motor Disorders, which is presented in this supplement issue.
Esophageal hypertensive peristaltic disorders
Authors: Roman S. , Tutuian R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  Esophageal motility abnormalities include a series of manometric findings that differ to a significant degree from findings in normal, asymptomatic volunteers.Methods  Current review summarizes conventional and high‐resolution esophageal manometry criteria used to define and characterize esophageal hypertensive motility abnormalities.Key Results  In the conventional esophageal manometry classification scheme hypertensive esophageal motility abnormalities include nutcracker esophagus (average distal contraction amplitude >180mmHg), hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (average resting LES pressure >45mmHg) and poorly relaxing lower esophageal sphincter (average LES residual pressure >8mmHg). The new, high resolution esophageal manometry scheme includes in the group of hypertensive peristaltic disorders hypertensive peristalsis (“nutcracker esophagus”: mean DCI >5000 mmHg*sec*cm) and hypercontractile esophagus (“jackhammer esophagus”: at least one contraction with DCI > 8,000 mmHg*sec*cm) and defines a separate group for disorders with impaired esophageal‐gastric junction relaxation (mean integrated residual (LES) pressure >15mmHg).Conclusions & Inferences  Hypertensive motility disorders represent a heterogeneous condition subdivided into hypercontractile esophagus and hypertensive peristalsis. Further studies are required to determine the clinical relevance of this new classification.
Characterization of the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α) and C‐C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) after kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus (SE) in juvenile rats
Authors: Zhu X. B. , Wang Y. B. , Chen O. , Zhang D. Q. , Zhang Z. H. , Cao A. H. , Huang S. Y. , Sun R. P. 
Published: January 2012

X. B. Zhu, Y. B. Wang, O. Chen, D. Q. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, A. H. Cao, S. Y. Huang and R. P. Sun (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 602–616Characterization of the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α) and C‐C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) after kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus (SE) in juvenile ratsAims: To identify the potential role of macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α) with its C‐C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in epileptogenic brain injury, we examined their expression in juvenile rat hippocampus and explored the potential link between MIP‐1α, CCR5 and neuropathological alterations after status epilepticus (SE) induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) kainic acid (KA) injection. Methods: Based on the determination of the development of spontaneous seizures initiated by SE in developing rat brain, we firstly examined hippocampal neurone damage through Nissl and Fluoro‐Jade B staining, and evaluated microglial reaction during the early phase following KA‐induced SE in 21‐day‐old rats. MIP‐1α and CCR5 protein were quantified by ELISA and Western blot respectively following mRNA by real‐time PCR. We also mapped MIP‐1α and CCR5 expression in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry and identified their cellular sources using double‐labelling immunofluorescence. Results: In juvenile rats, KA caused characteristic neurone damage in the hippocampal subfields, with accompanying microglial accumulation. In parallel with mRNA expression, MIP‐1α protein in hippocampus was transiently increased after KA treatment, and peaked from 16 to 72 h. Double‐labelling immunofluorescence revealed that MIP‐1α was localized to microglia. Up‐regulated CCR5 remained prominent at 24 and 72 h and was mainly localized to activated microglia. Further immunohistochemistry revealed that MIP‐1α and CCR5 expression were closely consistent with microglial accumulation in corresponding hippocampal subfields undergoing degenerative changes. Conclusions: Our data indicated that MIP‐1α as a regulator, linking with the CCR5 receptor, may be involved within the early stages of the epileptogenic process following SE by i.c.v. KA injection.
Exceptional preservation processes of 3D dinosaur footprint casts in Costalomo (Lower Cretaceous, Cameros Basin, Spain)
Authors: Huerta Pedro , Fernández‐Baldor Fidel Torcida , Farlow James O. , Montero Diego 
Published: January 2012

Terra Nova, 24, 136–141, 2012AbstractTheropod dinosaur footprints at the Costalomo tracksite (Pinilla de los Moros Formation, Upper Hauterivian–Lower Barremian, western Cameros Basin, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos Province, Spain) show unusual preservation of a previously undescribed nature. The footprints occur as casts (positive epireliefs) at the top of a sandstone bed and preserve exceptional details of the top of the digit and claw morphology, and of digital interactions with the sediment during penetration and extraction from the sediment. Footprint formation and preservation occurred in the following stages: (1) The dinosaur stepped on a thin (4–8 cm thick) mud layer, its foot sinking to contact an underlying sand layer (channel fill); (2) voids left in the cohesive mud after foot withdrawal were later filled with sand; (3) subsequent deposition, burial and Alpine compression indurated the muds and the sands of both the footprint casts and the underlying channel sand layer; and (4) modern erosion exposed the footprint casts, by removing the mud above the sandstone.
The cyclin L homolog MOS12 and the MOS4‐associated complex are required for the proper splicing of plant resistance genes
Authors: Xu Fang , Xu Shaohua , Wiermer Marcel , Zhang Yuelin , Li Xin 
Published: January 2012

SummaryPlant resistance (R) proteins protect cells from infections through recognizing effector molecules produced by pathogens and initiating downstream defense cascades. To mount proper immune responses, the expression of R genes has to be tightly controlled transcriptionally and post‐transcriptionally. Intriguingly, alternative splicing of the R genes of the nucleotide binding leucine‐rich repeat (NB‐LRR) type was observed in different plant species, but its regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report the positional cloning and functional analysis of modifier of snc1,12 (mos12‐1), a partial loss‐of‐function mutant that can suppress the constitutive defense responses conferred by the gain‐of‐function R gene mutant suppressor of npr1‐1 constitutive 1 (snc1). MOS12 encodes an arginine‐rich protein that is homologous to human cyclin L. A null allele of mos12‐2 is lethal, suggesting it has a vital role in plant growth and development. MOS12 localizes to the nucleus, and the mos12‐1 mutation results in altered splicing patterns of SNC1 and RPS4, indicating that MOS12 is required for the proper splicing of target R genes. MOS12 co‐immunoprecipitates with MOS4, indicating that MOS12 associates with the MOS4‐associated complex (MAC). Accordingly, splicing patterns of SNC1 and RPS4 are changed in most MAC core mutants. Our study highlights the contribution of MOS12 and the MAC in the alternative splicing of R genes, providing regulatory details on how alternative splicing is used to fine‐tune R gene expression in plant immunity.
Genital and inguinal cutaneous toxicity in male and female patients treated with sunitinib
Authors: Iacovelli Roberto , Mancini Maria Laura , Risi Emanuela , Palazzo Antonella , Cortesi Enrico 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  Sunitinib is an orally tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Several cutaneous toxicities have been observed with Sunitinib and among those scrotal cutaneous toxicity could affect 12.5% of patients after an average 66 days of exposure to treatment.Objective  We report the first case of a female patient who develops vulvar toxicity during sunitinib treatment.Subjects and Methods  A 68‐year‐old female patient was treated with sunitinib at standard dose of 50 mg/daily for four weeks on and two weeks off, for advanced clear cell RCC. During week 2 of the second cycle of sunitinib, the patient reported vulvar pain and itching.Results  Local examination revealed erythema of the outer lips and two erythematosus areas localized on the upper medial area of the legs. The sunitinib was discontinued, and the signs and symptoms disappeared completely seven days after drug interruption without any specific treatment.Conclusion  Female genital cutaneous toxicity with sunitinib shows a similar behavior as found in males, and both should be carefully evaluated even if the treatment discontinuation is generally not required.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: chronic adult unifocal form
Authors: Nakamura Robertha , Valgas Nanashara , Bichara Raquel Murad , Brazuna Deborah , Leverone Andreia 
Published: January 2012

AbstractParacoccidioidomycosis is a highly prevalent systemic mycosis in Brazil. The primary cutaneous form is rare and occurs in the absence of pulmonary involvement. Lesions located in the distal regions of the lower limbs are not uncommon and particularly in the feet may go unnoticed or even be confused with infectious or neoplastic lesions of different etiologies. We report a case of paracoccidioidomycosis affecting the left great toe of a man, leading to complete destruction of the nail plate. Treatment was done with the sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim with excellent results.
Hepatic manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: a genotypic and phenotypic analysis
Authors: Black ME , Hedgire SS , Camposano S , Paul E , Harisinghani M , Thiele EA 
Published: January 2012

Black ME, Hedgire SS, Camposano S, Paul E, Harisinghani M, Thiele EA. Hepatic manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: a genotypic and phenotypic analysis.A retrospective review of the clinical records and radiological images of 205 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) was performed to evaluate the prevalence and progression of hepatic lesions; examine the association of hepatic phenotype with genotype, age, and gender; and investigate the relationships between hepatic, renal, and pulmonary involvement. Hepatic angiomyolipomas (AML), cysts, and other benign lesions were identified in 30% of the cohort, and some lesions grew significantly over time. However, no patient had clinical symptoms or complications from hepatic lesions. TSC2 patients exhibited a higher frequency of AML compared to TSC1 patients (p = 0.037), and patients with no mutation identified exhibited a higher frequency of cysts compared to TSC2 patients (p = 0.023). Age was positively correlated with frequency of hepatic involvement (p < 0.001), whereas hepatic phenotype was independent of gender. Presence of hepatic AML was associated with presence of renal AML (p = 0.001). These findings confirm a high rate of asymptomatic hepatic lesions in TSC and further characterize the TSC phenotype.
Feasible etiology of vanishing testis regarding disturbance of testicular development: Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of testicular nubbins
Authors: Mizuno Kentaro , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Kamisawa Hideyuki , Kurokawa Satoshi , Moritoki Yoshinobu , Nishio Hidenori , Hayashi Yutaro , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: January 2012

Objectives:  To identify the causes of vanishing testis besides vascular events secondary to testicular torsion.Methods:  A total of 102 boys with vanishing testis were treated in our hospital from 1984 to 2011. Of these cases, 91 testicular nubbins were excised. Immunohistochemical analysis of testicular nubbins was carried out using anti‐Wilms tumor 1 antibody, which is a stable marker of Sertoli cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was also carried out using Wilms tumor 1‐specific primers.Results:  Most testicular nubbins were associated with inguinal lesion (51 patients, 56.0%). Light microscopy showed that 11 patients (12.5%) had seminiferous tubules (with germ cells in three patients [3.4%]), and 77 patients lacked seminiferous tubules, some of which had calcification (26 patients, 29.5%), and/or deposition of hemosiderin (21 patients, 23.9%). Immunohistochemical analysis showed Wilms tumor 1 expression not only in the Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules in the seminiferous tubule‐positive patients, but also in the interstitium of testicular nubbins in the seminiferous tubule‐negative patients. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed Wilms tumor 1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the testicular nubbins of both seminiferous tubule‐positive and tubule‐negative patients.Conclusions:  The presence of Wilms tumor 1‐positive cells in the interstitium of vanishing testis lacking seminiferous tubules suggests that the disturbance of testicular development after Sertoli cell differentiation and during testicular tubule formation might be involved in the etiology of vanishing testis.
Massive transfusion in trauma: blood product ratios should be measured at 6 hours
Authors: Sisak Krisztian , Soeyland Kathleen , McLeod Monique , Jansen Melanie , Enninghorst Natalie , Martin Andrew , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:  Most potentially preventable haemorrhagic deaths occur within 6 h of injury. Conventionally, blood component therapy delivery is measured by 24‐h cumulative totals and ratios. The study aim was to examine the effect of a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) on early (6 h) balanced component therapy.Methods:  An 88‐month retrospective clinical study at a level 1 trauma centre was undertaken, examining consecutive trauma patients receiving ≥10 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) within 24 h, before (pre‐MTP) and after implementation of MTP. Demographic data, injury severity score (ISS), abbreviated injury scale (AIS), shock parameters, coagulation profile, the need for surgical intervention (<24 h), mortality and intensive care unit length of stay were collected. The ratios of blood products given by 6 h, by 24 h and the time between administrations of components was collected and analysed.Results:  Pre‐MTP and MTP patients had similar demographics, shock severity and initial laboratory findings. Despite MTP patients having had a higher ISS (42 ± 12 versus 36 ± 12, P < 0.05) and AIS head score (2.6 ± 1.8 versus 1.6 ± 2.0, P < 0.05), there was no difference in mortality. Area under the curve (AUC) of the MTP period showed earlier delivery of higher median ratios of fresh frozen plasma (FFP)/PRBC (P= 0.004). Similar findings were found for cryoprecipitate/PRBC and platelet/PRBC ratios. By 24 h, the AUC for FFP/PRBC ratios were no different.Discussion:  Implementation of MTP resulted in earlier balanced transfusion. The difference between the FFP/PRBC ratios of the two types of resuscitations levelled by 24 h. The efficacy of component therapy delivery should be measured earlier than 24 h.
The new brain: concepts, challenges, and opportunities for mental health nursing
Authors: Buchanan David Andrew 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe new paradigm that the brain is able change itself (neuroplasticity) is acknowledged and teased out in terms of the ramifications for mental illnesses. Parallel studies in pain (central sensitization) and mirror neurones are examined to conceptually clarify these ramifications in relation to mental health, and to expand our understanding of empathy and social inclusion beyond good ideas to being a part of our nature. The paper then focuses on making clear what the concepts, challenges, and opportunities for mental health nursing might be; even advancing possibilities for recovery through better understanding the third space or intersubjective. What ramifications this has for mental health nursing is reviewed in terms of a paradigm change and the necessity for conceptual clarity, as it relates to the uniqueness of the person right before our very eyes. The author contends that to embrace this new paradigm is not only necessary but ethically obligatory, as it opens up new possibilities for understanding ourselves and this changeable person.