bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered microRNA expression profile with miR-146a upregulation in CD4+T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Li Jingyi , Wan Ying , Guo Qiuye , Zou Liyun , Zhang Jinyu , Fang Yongfei , Zhang Jingbo , Zhang Jinjun , Fu Xiaolan , Liu Hongli , Lu Liwei , Wu Yuzhang 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression pattern and function of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
The expression profile of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood of 33 RA patients was determined by microarray assay and validated by qRT-PCR analysis. The correlation between altered expression of miRNAs and cytokine levels was determined by linear regression analysis. The role of miR-146a overexpression in regulating T cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. A genome-wide gene expression analysis was further performed to identify miR-146a-regulated genes in T cells.

Results
miRNA expression profile analysis revealed that miR-146a expression was significantly upregulated while miR-363 and miR-498 were downregulated in CD4+ T cells of RA patients. The level of miR-146a expression was positively correlated with levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and in vitro studies showed TNF-α upregulated miR-146a expression in T cells. Moreover, miR-146a overexpression was found to suppress Jurkat T cell apoptosis. Finally, transcriptome analysis of miR-146a overexpression in T cells identified Fas associated factor 1 (FAF1) as a miR-146a-regulated gene, which was critically involved in modulating T cell apoptosis.

Conclusions
We have detected increased miR-146a in CD4+ T cells of RA patients and its close correlation with TNF-α levels. Our findings that miR-146a overexpression suppresses T cell apoptosis indicate a role of miR-146a in RA pathogenesis and provide potential novel therapeutic targets.
Cyclophosphamide- metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms and survival outcomes after adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gor Priya P , Su H Irene , Gray Robert J , Gimotty Phyllis A , Horn Michelle , Aplenc Richard , Vaughan William P , Tallman Martin S , Rebbeck Timothy R , DeMichele Angela 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Cyclophosphamide-based adjuvant chemotherapy is a mainstay of treatment for women with node-positive breast cancer, but is not universally effective in preventing recurrence. Pharmacogenetic variability in drug metabolism is one possible mechanism of treatment failure. We hypothesize that functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) that activate (CYPs) or metabolize (GSTs) cyclophosphamide account for some of the observed variability in disease outcomes.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 350 women enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy trial (ECOG-2190/INT-0121). Subjects in this trial received standard-dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and fluorouracil (CAF), followed by either observation or high-dose cyclophosphamide and thiotepa with stem cell rescue. We used bone marrow stem cell-derived genomic DNA from archival specimens to genotype CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1. Cox regression models were computed to determine associations between genotypes (individually or in combination) and disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS), adjusting for confounding clinical variables.

Results
In the full multivariable analysis, women with at least one CYP3A4 *1B variant allele had significantly worse DFS than those who were wild-type *1A/*1A (multivariate hazard ratio 2.79; 95% CI 1.52, 5.14). CYP2D6 genotype did not impact this association among patients with estrogen receptor (ER) -positive tumors scheduled to receive tamoxifen.

Conclusions
These data support the hypothesis that genetic variability in cyclophosphamide metabolism independently impacts outcome from adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Spectral Clustering of Microarray Data Elucidates the Roles of Microenvironment Remodeling and Immune Responses in Survival of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Thurlow Johanna K. , Peña Murillo Claudia L. , Hunter Keith D. , Buffa Francesca M. , Patiar Shalini , Betts Guy , West Catharine M.L. , Harris Adrian L. , Parkinson Eric K. , Harrison Paul R. , Ozanne Bradford W. , Partridge Max , Kalna Gabriela 
Published: May 2010

Purpose To identify functionally related prognostic gene sets for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by unsupervised statistical analysis of microarray data. Patients and Methods Microarray analysis was performed on 14 normal oral epithelium and 71 HNSCCs from patients with outcome data. Spectral clustering (SC) analysis of the data set identified multiple vectors representing distinct aspects of gene expression heterogeneity between samples. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of vector gene lists identified gene sets significantly enriched within defined biologic pathways. The prognostic significance of these was established by Cox survival analysis. Results The most influential SC vectors were V2 and V3. V2 separated normal from tumor samples. GO analysis of V2 gene lists identified pathways with heterogeneous expression between HNSCCs, notably focal adhesion (FA)/extracellular matrix remodeling and cytokine-cytokine receptor (CR) interactions. Similar analysis of V3 gene lists identified further heterogeneity in CR pathways. V2CR genes represent an innate immune response, whereas high expression of V3CR genes represented an adaptive immune response that was not dependent on human papillomavirus status. Survival analysis demonstrated that the FA gene set was prognostic of poor outcome, whereas classification for adaptive immune response by the CR gene set was prognostic of good outcome. A combined FA&CR model dramatically exceeded the performance of current clinical classifiers (P < .001 in our cohort and, importantly, P = .007 in an independent cohort of 60 HNSCCs). Conclusion The application of SC and GO algorithms to HNSCC microarray data identified gene sets highly significant for predicting patient outcome. Further large-scale studies will establish the usefulness of these gene sets in the clinical management of HNSCC.
Patient Decisions About Breast Cancer Chemoprevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ropka Mary E. , Keim Jess , Philbrick John T. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose Women at high risk of breast cancer face the complex decision of whether to take tamoxifen or raloxifene for breast cancer chemoprevention. We investigated what is known about decisions of women regarding chemoprevention. Methods Using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PSYCINFO, plus reviewing reference lists of relevant articles, in December 2009 we identified 13 studies that addressed patient decisions about breast cancer chemoprevention, were published in 1995 or later, were peer-reviewed primary clinical studies, and reported rates at which participants showed interest in (hypothetical uptake) or accepted (real uptake) chemoprevention medications. Results Nine studies provided information about hypothetical breast cancer chemoprevention decisions (mean uptake rate, 24.7%) and five provided information about real decisions (mean uptake rate, 14.8%). The range of rates was wide, and each of the hypothetical uptake studies assessed interest differently. A logistic regression model found significant correlation with uptake of decision type (hypothetical versus real, odds ratio [OR] = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.16), educational or decision support intervention (provided v not, OR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.27), and cohort risk for breast cancer (high-risk v general population, OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.75). Perceived vulnerability to breast cancer was consistently correlated with increased uptake, and concern for adverse effects was correlated with reduced uptake. All studies used a correlational/descriptive design, and most studies used convenience sampling strategies. Conclusion Breast cancer chemoprevention uptake rates are low and variation is wide. Hypothetical uptake rates are higher than real uptake, and interventions markedly reduce uptake. Research is needed that uses reproducible sampling methods and examines decision support strategies that lead to quality decisions.
Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisone Followed by Tositumomab and Iodine-131–Tositumomab in Patients With Untreated Low-Grade Follicular Lymphoma: Eight-Year Follow-Up of a Multicenter Phase II Study
Authors: Link Brian K. , Martin Peter , Kaminski Mark S. , Goldsmith Stanley J. , Coleman Morton , Leonard John P. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose The efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) followed by tositumomab and iodine-131 (131I) –tositumomab therapy were evaluated in a multicenter phase II study in patients with untreated low-grade follicular lymphoma. Patients and Methods Patients received six cycles of CVP followed by one cycle of tositumomab and 131I-tositumomab (one dosimetric dose and one therapeutic dose). The treatment was evaluated for efficacy and safety. Results All 30 patients enrolled completed CVP as well as tositumomab and 131I-tositumomab therapy. The overall response rate after completion of therapy was 100%, with 28 patients (93%) achieving a complete response (CR) and two patients achieving a partial response. Of the 17 patients with bone marrow involvement at enrollment, 15 achieved a confirmed CR. Fourteen of 15 patients with bulky disease (≥ 5 cm) had a CR after treatment completion. After a median follow-up of 8.4 years, the median response duration had not been reached (range, 3 to 111+ months). Five-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 56% and 83%, respectively. The most common grade ≥ 3 hematologic adverse events were neutropenia (87%) and thrombocytopenia (37%). Nineteen patients received growth factor support, and three required blood product transfusions. No patients developed human antimurine antibodies. Two patients developed myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusion These mature data demonstrate that sequential therapy with a non-anthracycline–containing regimen comprising CVP followed by one cycle of tositumomab and 131I-tositumomab produced high response rates with adequate safety and durable remissions and that this regimen represents a highly active treatment for first-line therapy of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
From Sympathy to Empathy: Anzia Yezierska and the Transformation of the American Subject
Authors: Mikkelsen Ann 
Published: May 2010

The work of Anzia Yezierska presents a challenge to early-twentieth-century models of personhood, citizenship, and reading based on common assumptions regarding the nature of sympathy. Yezierska's deployment of what Mikkelsen terms “aesthetic empathy” draws on an emergent discourse about empathy that defined this concept quite differently from current usages. Rather than designating an interpersonal dynamic, this discourse considered empathy as a relation among bodies, objects, and desire within capitalism. Yezierska's fashion-conscious characters reveal a United States constituted by economically, socially, and culturally mobile, not to mention aesthetically pleasing, bodies. Both Jewish and American, these bodies serve as touchpoints for their own desiring gazes, positing a model of assimilative empathy for “native” and immigrant alike in which “looks” refer to both an act and its object, the agent blurred with the process of her continual self-invention as a hybrid of multiple cultures.
Meditating on relations between subject and object, viewer and vision, consumer and commodity, Yezierska makes plain the role of citizen as consumer. Her work crystallizes the dominance of technologies that infused the public sphere with art and beautiful images of human forms, leading the modern spectator to see others as potential reflections of herself. Mikkelsen's examination begins with a reading of the short story “Wings”; continues with a discussion of Jewish American involvement with the garment industry and high fashion as imagined in Salome of the Tenements (1922); and concludes with early theorizations of aesthetic empathy's role in motion pictures such as Hungry Hearts (1922), the film made of Yezierska's short stories.
Tensile Creep Test of Fiber-Reinforced Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Authors: Garas Victor Y. , Kahn Lawrence F. , Kurtis Kimberly E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This paper describes the development and use of a high cost and space efficient tensile creep test setup for cement-based materials. This test setup features a load capacity of 6800 kg (15 000 lb), capacity for three specimens in series, and the ability to measure deformations at four points for each specimen with an accuracy of 10 micro-strains. This newly developed test setup allowed testing the long-term tensile creep of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) for the first time. In the experimental study, steel fiber-reinforced UHPC prisms were subjected to tensile creep to investigate the effect of different thermal treatment conditions on their viscoelastic response over a 1-year period. Results from the experimental study showed the necessity to perform tensile creep tests rather that direct tensile strength tests to predict the long-term tensile performance of UHPC. These results show that the quality of the bond between the fibers and cementitious paste was better evaluated using tensile creep than direct tension tests. Experimental results showed that specific tensile creep of UHPC decreased between 63 % and 69 % when thermal treatment of 60°C (140°F) for 72 h or of 90°C (194°F) for 48 h was applied, respectively, prior to loading. Results from this study also point to the necessity of having a standard tensile creep test similar to the currently existing compressive creep standard, especially if the tensile capacity of concrete is considered in structural design.
Unconventional Computing — Reversible Signed Digit Adders for Future Nanocomputing Devices
Authors: Fey Dietmar , Limmer Steffen 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Unconventional Computing (UC) denotes new and alternative methods and technologies for computer technologies, e. g., nanocomputing or DNA computing. This paper investigates the importance of UC for the Grand Challenges of Computer Engineering. At the moment nanocomputing appears to be the most promising UC discipline. As example for an UC method the use of redundant arithmetic and reversible logic for nanocomputing is presented.
The Reference Architecture Template of GENESYS: Cross-Domain Platform Services for Three Levels of Integration
Authors: Obermaisser Roman , Kopetz Hermann 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The reference architecture template of GENESYS provides fundamental architectural services (e. g., communication, configuration, and time services) as the foundation for the implementation and integration of components at chip, device, and system level. The reference architecture template has been designed for multiple application domains, including automotive, avionic, industrial control, and consumer electronic applications. The cross-domain approach results in the ability to exploit the economies of scale, while addressing common challenges of the application domains such as complexity management, robustness and energy efficiency. This paper gives an overview of the reference architecture template and presents instantiations at chip level and system level, namely the Time-Triggered System-on-a-Chip (TTSoC) and Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTE).
Evaluierungsverfahren für Internetwahlsysteme
Authors: Volkamer Melanie 
Published: May 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die diesem Artikel zu Grunde liegende Dissertation [1] bietet für die derzeitig sehr lebendige wissenschaftliche und politische Auseinandersetzung um elektronische Wahlen eine wissenschaftlich-rationale Basis, um die IT-Sicherheit von Internetwahlsystemen zu beschreiben, zu prüfen und zu bewerten, und trägt dadurch zur Versachlichung der Auseinandersetzung bei. Dass die Hersteller diesen Weg akzeptieren, zeigen die begonnenen Systemevaluationen.
Phantom, a New Subclass ofMutatorDNA Transposons Found in Insect Viruses and Widely Distributed in Animals
Authors: Marquez Claudia P , Pritham Ellen J 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTransposons of the Mutator (Mu) superfamily have been shown to play a critical role in the evolution of plant genomes. However, the identification of Mutator transposons in other eukaryotes has been quite limited. Here we describe a previously uncharacterized group of DNA transposons designated Phantom identified in the genomes of a wide range of eukaryotic taxa, including many animals, and provide evidence for its inclusion within the Mutator superfamily. Interestingly three Phantom proteins were also identified in two insect viruses and phylogenetic analysis suggests horizontal movement from insect to virus, providing a new line of evidence for the role of viruses in the horizontal transfer of DNA transposons in animals. Many of the Phantom transposases are predicted to harbor a FLYWCH domain in the amino terminus, which displays a WRKY–GCM1 fold characteristic of the DNA binding domain (DBD) of Mutator transposases and of several transcription factors. While some Phantom elements have terminal inverted repeats similar in length and structure to Mutator elements, some display subterminal inverted repeats (sub-TIRs) and others have more complex termini reminiscent of so-called Foldback (FB) transposons. The structural plasticity of Phantom and the distant relationship of its encoded protein to known transposases may have impeded the discovery of this group of transposons and it suggests that structure in itself is not a reliable character for transposon classification.
Physical Activity and Electronic Media Use in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Case-Control Study
Authors: Lobelo Felipe , Liese Angela D. , Liu Jihong , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Pate Russell R. , Hamman Richard F. , Dabelea Dana 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to characterize the physical activity (PA) and electronic media (EM) use habits of a population-based, ascertained sample of youths with diabetes mellitus (DM).

METHODS:
For this investigation, the Search for Diabetes in Youth Case-Control study (age: 10–20 y; 55% female) recruited 384 youths with provider-diagnosed type 1 DM, 90 youths with type 2 DM, and 173 healthy control subjects between 2003 and 2006, in 2 US centers. PA and EM use were assessed with a 3-day recall of activities, in 30-minute time blocks. Adherence to current recommendations was determined as a report of ≥2 blocks of moderate/vigorous PA per day and &lt;4 blocks of EM use per day. Differences in PA and EM use for DM/control groups were assessed with adjustment for age, study site, and race/ethnicity.

RESULTS:
Male subjects with type 2 DM reported lower levels of vigorous PA than did control subjects (1.1 vs 2.3 blocks; P &lt; .05). Compliance with the moderate/vigorous PA recommendation among youths with type 2 DM was lower (68.3%), compared with youths with type 1 DM (81.7%; odds ratio: 0.51 [95% confidence interval: 0.26–1.00]; P = .047) and control subjects (80.4%; odds ratio: 0.48 [95% confidence interval: 0.23–1.02]; P = .05). Rates of compliance with EM use recommendations ranged from 29.5% to 49.1%.

CONCLUSION:
In this study, large proportions of youths with DM, especially type 2 DM, failed to meet PA and EM use recommendations.
Network Analysis of Team Structure in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gray James E. , Davis Darcy A. , Pursley DeWayne M. , Smallcomb Jane E. , Geva Alon , Chawla Nitesh V. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to examine nursing team structure and its relationship with family satisfaction.

METHODS:
We used electronic health records to create patient-based, 1-mode networks of nursing handoffs. In these networks, nurses were represented as nodes and handoffs as edges. For each patient, we calculated network statistics including team size and diameter, network centrality index, proportion of newcomers to care teams according to day of hospitalization, and a novel measure of the average number of shifts between repeat caregivers, which was meant to quantify nursing continuity. We assessed parental satisfaction by using a standardized survey.

RESULTS:
Team size increased with increasing length of stay. At 2 weeks of age, 50% of shifts were staffed by a newcomer nurse who had not previously cared for the index patient. The patterns of newcomers to teams did not differ according to birth weight. When the population was dichotomized according to median mean repeat caregiver interval value, increased reports of problems with nursing care were seen with less-consistent staffing by familiar nurses. This relationship persisted after controlling for factors including birth weight, length of stay, and team size.

CONCLUSIONS:
Family perceptions of nursing care quality are more strongly associated with team structure and the sequence of nursing participation than with team size. Objective measures of health care team structure and function can be examined by applying network analytic techniques to information contained in electronic health records.
Humidified and Heated Air During Stabilization at Birth Improves Temperature in Preterm Infants
Authors: te Pas Arjan B. , Lopriore Enrico , Dito Ingrid , Morley Colin J. , Walther Frans J. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Neonatal resuscitation guidelines recommend techniques to minimize heat loss in the delivery room. The use of humidified and heated gas is standard of care for preterm infants who need respiratory support in the NICU, but international resuscitation guidelines do not stipulate use of this therapy during stabilization at birth. We aimed to investigate the effect of humidified and heated gas on admission temperature in preterm infants who require respiratory support at birth.

METHODS:
Two cohorts of very preterm infants born at ≤32 weeks' gestational age in the Leiden University Medical Center were compared prospectively before (the “cold” cohort) and after (the “heated” cohort) introduction of the use of heated and humidified gas during respiratory support at birth (continuous positive airway pressure or intubation). The primary outcome was the infant's rectal temperature at admission in the NICU.

RESULTS:
There was a difference in the mean (SD) rectal temperature between the cold and heated cohorts (35.9 [0.6] vs 36.4 [0.6], respectively; P &lt; .0001). Normothermia (36.5°C–37.5°C) occurred less often in the cold cohort than in the heated cohort (12% vs 43%; P &lt; .0001). There was no difference in occurrence of mild hypothermia (36.0°C–36.4°C) between groups (33% vs 35%; not significant). Moderate hypothermia (&lt;36.0°C) occurred more often in the cold cohort (53% vs 19%; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of heated and humidified air during respiratory support in very preterm infants just after birth reduced the postnatal decrease in temperature. Heating and humidifying the gas during stabilization merits additional investigation.