bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant expression of miR‐196a in gastric cancers and correlation with recurrence
Authors: Tsai Kuo‐Wang , Liao Yu‐Lun , Wu Chew‐Wun , Hu Ling‐Yueh , Li Sung‐Chou , Chan Wen‐Ching , Ho Meng‐Ru , Lai Chun‐Hung , Kao Hsiao‐Wei , Fang Wen‐Liang , Huang Kuo‐Hung , Lin Wen‐Chang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs (˜22 nt) that play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases by negatively regulating gene expression. Here, we examined the relationship between miR‐196a and gastric cancer. By the analysis of 72 gastric cancer samples, we found that the expression level of miR‐196a microRNA significantly increased in primary gastric cancer tissues versus adjacent normal tissues. In addition, extracellular miR‐196a detected in conditioned medium was strongly correlated with its cellular expression status and increased circulating miR‐196a in patient serum was associated with gastric cancer disease status and relapse. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR‐196a microRNA promoted the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and migration/invasion capabilities of transfected cells, suggesting its oncogenic potential in gastric cancer progression. Altogether, our data demonstrate that miR‐196a exerts an oncogenic role in gastric cancer and miR‐196a may be a novel biomarker for detecting gastric cancer and for monitoring disease recurrence. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavioural and neural correlates of visceral pain sensitivity in healthy men and women: Does sex matter?
Authors: Benson S. , Kotsis V. , Rosenberger C. , Bingel U. , Forsting M. , Schedlowski M. , Gizewski E.R. , Elsenbruch S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroductionWe assessed sex differences in behavioural and neural responses to rectal pain stimuli in healthy subjects.MethodsIn age‐ and body mass index‐matched healthy subjects (n = 15 men, 15 women), rectal sensory and pain thresholds were assessed with a pressure‐controlled barostat device. The blood oxygen level‐dependent response during cued anticipation and painful stimulation was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Retrospective pain evaluations were accomplished with visual analogue scales. For fMRI data, region‐of‐interest (ROI) analyses and additional whole‐brain analyses were carried out.ResultsThere were no sex differences in rectal thresholds or pain ratings. ROI analyses revealed comparable distension‐induced activation of the thalamus, somatosensory cortex, insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Only in additional whole‐brain analyses did we find increased activation in women in DLPFC and middle temporal gyrus during pain anticipation and in the cerebellum and medial frontal gyrus during pain. A significant inverse association between rectal pain threshold and distension‐induced activation in virtually all ROIs was found in women. In men, pain thresholds and insula activation were positively correlated, as were pain ratings and anterior cingulate cortex activation.ConclusionsHealthy men and women do not differ in behavioural measures of visceral pain sensitivity. The pattern of neural activation is comparable in the majority of pain‐processing brain regions, although women may differ in the activation of DLPFC which could reflect sex differences in cognitive–emotional pain regulation. Women with lower pain thresholds showed greater neural responses, which may be relevant in the pathophysiology of visceral hyperalgesia.
Amitriptyline prolongs the antihyperalgesic effect of 2‐ or 100‐Hz electro‐acupuncture in a rat model of post‐incision pain
Authors: Fais R.S. , Reis G.M. , Silveira J.W.S. , Dias Q.M. , Rossaneis A.C. , Prado W.A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe mechanisms through which electro‐acupuncture (EA) and tricyclic antidepressants produce analgesia seem to be complementary: EA inhibits the transmission of noxious messages by activating supraspinal serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons that project to the spinal cord, whereas tricyclic antidepressants affect pain transmission by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at the spinal level. This study utilized the tail‐flick test and a model of post‐incision pain to compare the antihyperalgesic effects of EA at frequencies of 2 or 100 Hz in rats treated with intraperitoneal or intrathecal amitriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant). A gradual increase in the tail‐flick latency (TFL) occurred during a 20‐min period of EA. A strong and long‐lasting reduction in post‐incision hyperalgesia was observed after stimulation; the effect after 2 Hz lasting longer than after 100‐Hz EA. Intraperitoneal or intrathecal amitriptyline potentiated the increase in TFL in the early moments of 2‐ or 100‐Hz EA, and the intensity of the antihyperalgesic effect of 100‐Hz EA in both the incised and non‐incised paw. In contrast, it did not significantly change the intensity of the antihyperalgesic effect of 2‐Hz EA. The EA‐induced antihyperalgesic effects lasted longer after intraperitoneal or intrathecal amitriptyline than after saline, with this effect of amitriptyline being more evident after 100‐ than after 2‐Hz EA. The synergetic effect of amitriptyline and EA against post‐incision pain shown here may therefore represent an alternative for prolonging the efficacy of EA in the management of post‐surgical clinical pain.
One‐year evaluation of the effect of physical therapy for masticatory muscle pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Craane B. , Dijkstra P.U. , Stappaerts K. , De Laat A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPhysical therapy is widely used to decrease pain and restore function in patients suffering from masticatory muscle pain. Controlled studies on its efficacy are scarce. This study evaluated the 1‐year effect of a 6‐week physical therapy programme in a single blind, randomized, controlled trial. Fifty‐three subjects were randomly assigned to either a physical therapy group [n = 26; 19 women, mean age (SD) 36.6 years (15.5 years)] or a control group [n = 27; 20 women, mean age (SD) 42.9 years (15.1 years)]. In the physical therapy group, the patients received education, muscle stretching, exercises and homework for nine treatments in 6 weeks. In the control group, the patients received education on the evaluation days only. At baseline and after 3, 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks, pain and masticatory function were evaluated using visual analogue scales, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, pressure pain thresholds of the masseter and temporalis muscles, the mandibular function impairment questionnaire, and active and passive maximal mouth opening. All pain rating variables decreased and all function variables increased significantly over time in both groups. No significant differences in improvement between the groups (time–treatment interaction) were found. These data suggest that the long‐term decrease in pain and the improvement of function are not related to active physical therapy.
Electroacupuncture reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors
Authors: Su T.‐F. , Zhao Y.‐Q. , Zhang L.‐H. , Peng M. , Wu C.‐H. , Pei L. , Tian B. , Zhang J. , Shi J. , Pan H.‐L. , Li M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEndogenous cannabinoids and peripheral cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2Rs) are involved in the antinociceptive effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on inflammatory pain. However, it is not clear how CB2R activation contributes to the antinociceptive effect of EA. The major proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐6, are involved in inflammatory pain. Here we determined the effects of CB2R activation and EA on the expression level of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in inflamed skin tissues. Inflammatory pain was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the left hindpaw of rats. Thermal hyperalgesia was tested with a radiant heat stimulus, and mechanical allodynia was quantified using von Frey filaments. The mRNA and protein levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in inflamed skin tissues were measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Local injection of the selective CB2R agonist AM1241 or EA applied to GB30 and GB34 significantly reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia induced by tissue inflammation. The specific CB2R antagonist AM630 significantly attenuated the antinociceptive effect of EA. Furthermore, EA or AM1241 treatment significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in inflamed skin tissues. In addition, pretreatment with AM630 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of EA on these cytokine levels in inflamed skin tissues. Our results suggest that EA reduces inflammatory pain and proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of CB2Rs.
Attention focus, trait anxiety and pain perception in patients undergoing colposcopy
Authors: Kola S. , Walsh J.C. , Hughes B.M. , Howard S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFew studies have compared the relative efficacy of attention‐focus strategies in reducing clinical pain. Colposcopy, a medical diagnostic examination performed to identify premalignant cervical cell changes, elicits both anxiety and pain in patients, while allowing little or no behavioural control over the event. Employing a multi‐group experimental design, the present study sought to investigate how different types of attention‐focus strategies impacted upon pain perception, state anxiety and affect, in a sample of 123 colposcopy patients. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: sensory focusing, active distraction and undirected control. Psychometric measures of pre‐colposcopy pain expectancy and dispositional trait anxiety were also taken, in order to assess whether these factors further contributed to outcomes. Overall, when controlling for pain expectancy and trait anxiety, self‐reported pain intensity, sensory pain and affective pain did not differ across groups. Further, there were no significant between‐group differences in colposcopy‐related state anxiety or affect. However, pre‐colposcopy psychometric measures were found to be predictive of a range of outcomes. Pre‐colposcopy pain expectancy, but not trait anxiety, was found to be positively related to colposcopy‐related pain. It was further demonstrated that heightened state anxiety following colposcopy was due to experienced pain and pain unpleasantness, rather than to aspects of the pre‐colposcopy prediction of pain. The results have implications for management of acute clinical pain.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of levetiracetam in central pain in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Falah M. , Madsen C. , Holbech J.V. , Sindrup S.H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLevetiracetam is an anticonvulsant which is assumed to act by modulating neurotransmitter release via binding to the vesicle protein SV2A. This could have an impact on signalling in the pain pathway. The aim of this study was to test the analgesic effect of levetiracetam in central pain in multiple sclerosis. This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial with levetiracetam 3000 mg/day versus placebo (6‐week treatment periods). Patients with multiple sclerosis, symptoms and signs complying with central neuropathic pain and pain symptoms for more than 6 months, as well as pain intensity of more than 4 on a 0 to 10‐point numeric rating scale were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was pain relief at the end of each treatment period as measured on a 6‐point verbal scale. Eighty‐nine patients were screened for participation and 30 patients entered the study. Twenty‐seven patients were included in the data analysis. There were no differences in the ratings of pain relief (levetiracetam 2.4 vs. placebo 2.1, p = 0.169), total pain intensity (levetiracetam 5.3 vs. placebo 5.7, p = 0.147) or any of the other outcome measures (p = 0.086–0.715) in the total sample of patients. However, there was significant reduction of pain, increased pain relief and/or more favourable pain relief with levetiracetam than with placebo in patients with lancinating or without touch‐evoked pain (p = 0.025–0.046). This study found no effect of the anticonvulsant levetiracetam in non‐selected patients with central pain in multiple sclerosis, but an effect in subgroups with specific pain symptoms was indicated.
The Point of Creative Frustration and the Creative Process: A New Look at an Old Model
Authors: SAPP D. DAVID 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn extension of Graham Wallas's model of the creative process is presented. Wallas's stages of preparation, Incubation, Illumination and Verification are reviewed, extended and integrated with the present model. Periods of Problem‐Solving, Incubation and Growth are established with specific points of Initial Idea Inception, Creative Frustration and Illumination. The idea that a specific point of creative frustration occurring within the creative process is introduced. Responses to the Point of Creative Frustration are proposed: Denial, Rationalization, Acceptance of Stagnation and New Growth. The significance of the extended model is discussed.
Faculty Perceptions of College Creativity Courses
Authors: BALOCHE LYNDA , MONTGOMERY DIANE , BULL KAY S. , SALYER B. KEITH 
Published: December 2011

If you were going to teach a college‐level course in creativity, would you be interested in what other instructors believe about such courses? Would you like to know their views about planned outcomes, evaluation and course content? These are some of the areas addressed in this report.The study orginated discussions at the First National Conference on Creativity in American Colleges and Universities.1 The conference was promoted by the work of McDonough and McDonough (1987),2 and was held in July of 1990 at the Alden B. Dow Creativity Center of the Northwood Institute in Midland, Michigan. It was an exciting opportunity for university‐level teachers of creativity to get together and talk. To facilitate discussions, most participants brought with them copies of their course syllabi. Much of the ensuing discussion centered around the purposes of creativity courses, appropriate course experiences, required products, and the evaluation of student participation and learning. While the diversity of opinion of those present soon become clear, many participants were left questioning if the opinions heard and syllabi offered at this conference were representative of what was being done nationally. The present study is born from that question.
Discovery As A Process
Authors: LOEHLE CRAIG 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe study of the discovery process in science is inhibited by the assumption that discovery is an event of short duration, not subject to internal scrutiny, and by the focus on empirical studies as being the most scientific. The argument is made that discoveries are often made by a pattern recognition process. The discovery process, however, also includes the elaboration of a perceived pattern so that it may be communicated and tested. The elaboration process includes development of a descriptive vocabulary, elucidation of mathematical relations and measures, development of instruments and techniques for measurement, and deduction of testable hypotheses. Thus discovery as a process can be very elaborate and prolonged and should be amenable to explicit study. Implications of this analysis for the practice of science and for science policy are also discussed.
Creative Problem‐Solving in Art: A Model for Idea Inception and Image Development
Authors: SAPP D. DAVID 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTA model for creative problem‐solving specific to the creation of art is proposed. The development of the Osborn‐Parnes and Isaksen‐Treffinger models are reviewed. An adaptation of the Osborn‐Parnes/Isaksen‐Treffinger models is presented. The Model for Idea Inception and Image Development in Art is presented with five primary stages: Associative Exploration, Problem Parameter Exploration, Multiple Focus Exploration, Primary Focus Exploration and Refinement. Transitional stages are delineated. The significance and implications of the model for artists, students and instructors in art education are discussed.
Suggestive Parallels between Kirton's A‐I Theory of Creative Style and Koestler's Bisociative Theory of the Creative Act
Authors: MUDD SAMUEL 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT Kirton's Adaption‐Innovation (A‐I) theory of cognitive style was reviewed with particular regard to the three factors [Sufficiency of Originality, Efficiency, and Rule/Group Conformity] assumed to underlie the basic (AI) continuum. The basic additive model (AI = SO + E + R) set out by Kirton was then related to Koestler's bisociative theory of the creative act. The compatibility of the two theories offered mutual support for both.The intent of this paper is to explore connections between Kirton's Adaption‐Innovation Theory and Koestler's theory of the creative act. In Koestler's distinctive term, the “bisociation” of the two theories offers interesting possibilities for reciprocal illumination.Kirton's work, initiated by the publication (Kirton, 1976) of his measure of creative style, the Kirton Adaption‐Innovation Inventory (KAI), will be sketched first, followed by a brief overview of Koestler's 1963 monograph (Koestler, 1967). Parallels between the two theories will be suggested in a final section that casts the three Kirton factor/traits into the conceptual framework of the creative act set out by Koestler.
Clue‐Efficiency and Insight: Unveiling the Mystery of Inductive Leaps
Authors: BAKER‐SENNETT JACQUELYN , CECI STEPHEN J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTResults from two investigations examine the relationship between problem solving strategies (leaping and flexibility) and measures of insight and scholastic aptitude. In Study 1, university students were asked to use minimal information to solve perceptual and linguistic items on a clue‐efficiency task. Results reveal a significant relationship between both leaping and insight scores and flexible‐leaping and scores on the quantitative subtest of the SAT. A second study examined the developmental trajectory of flexibility, leaping, and clue‐efficiency. Developmental declines, notably between fifth and sixth grades, are reported in the use of flexibility and leaping. These developmental declines do not result from shifts to more sophisticated (e.g., efficient) strategies, as no developmental differences in efficiency were observed.
The Effects of Task‐Specific Divergent‐Thinking Training
Authors: BAER JOHN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough there is a growing body of evidence indicating that divergent‐thinking skills may be very task specific, there has been no research testing how narrowly divergent‐thinking training can be targeted. Seventy‐nine seventh‐grade students received training in poetry‐relevant divergent‐thinking skills. These subjects and a matched control group later wrote poems and stories, the creativity of which was judged by experts. There was a significantly greater impact on poetry‐writing creativity. Implications for creativity theory and training programs are discussed.Numerous research reports (Baer, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994a, 1994b, in press‐a; Runco, 1987, 1989) have shown that the skills underlying creative performance may be quite task specific, and this suggests possible limitations on the potential benefits of divergent‐thinking training. One response to this task‐specific understanding of divergent thinking has been to design divergent‐thinking training programs that include practice in a wide range of task‐specific divergent‐thinking skills. This approach has been shown to have a general effect of enhancing creativity in diverse domains (Baer, 1988, 1992, 1993). An alternate approach would be to target training to specific kinds of creativity; however, there has been no research investigating just how narrowly such divergent‐thinking training can be targeted.The present investigation was designed to test what effect divergent‐thinking training focusing on a single task would have on creative performance on that task and on a different, but closely related, task. The larger goals were (a) to help creativity researchers better understand the nature of divergent thinking as it impacts creative performance and (b) to be of practical value in helping educators design training programs better suited to specific training objectives.Seventh‐grade students were trained in divergent‐ thinking skills hypothesized to be related to poetry — writing creativity. Following this training, trained subjects and a matched sample of untrained subjects wrote both poems and stories in their regular English classes. Poems and stories were judged for creativity by experts who did not know the subjects. It was predicted that training in poetry‐relevant divergent thinking would result in a greater increase in creativity on a poetry‐writing task than on a story‐writing task.
Taoistic Psychology of Creativity
Authors: KUO YOU‐YUH 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, Lao Tzu's Tao is psychologically reinterpreted in terms of Taoistic cognition, Taoistic objectivity, and Taoistic creativity. All of these three domains are interrelated and are characterized by the attitude of let‐be. Taoistic cognition is mainly a kind of intuition or personal knowledge. Taoistic objectivity is interpreted by will‐free motivation which allow others to be and to obtain insight. Taoistic creativity involves incubation, syntectic thinking, and the unification through the opposites. Lao Tzu's Taoism is mainly related to artistic creativity, but its influence on mental health and scientific creativity is also discussed.
Organizational Development Interventions for Enhancing Creativity in the Workplace
Authors: BASADUR MIN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn an era of rapidly accelerating change, many organizations which developed during a more stable era that demanded bureaucratic efficiency find themselves in a crisis of adaptability and commitment. Effective organizations are those which can mainstream both adaptability and efficiency and strike an appropriate balance between the two. This paper evaluates traditional organizational development (OD) approaches to this problem, then presents a new approach to OD based on organizational creativity. Organizational creativity is defined as a deliberate and continuous change‐making process of problem generation and formulation, problem solving, and solution implementation, and as synonymous with adaptability and innovation. Unlike traditional OD approaches that lack a strategic perspective and that rely on single interventions, OD should be employed as an innovation process requiring thinking skills in change‐making and incorporating interventions as tools. Under the new approach, organizations can learn to mainstream adaptability by doing two things: encouraging employees to master new thinking skills which increases their creativity, motivation, and commitment; and creating an infrastructure that ensures that these skills will be used regularly. Research is reviewed supporting the new approach, and future research directions are suggested.