bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cassava Starch Coating on Quality and Shelf Life of Fresh‐Cut Pineapple (Ananas Comosus L. Merril cv “Pérola”)
Authors: Bierhals Vânia S. , Chiumarelli Marcela , Hubinger Miriam D. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract:  This research studied the influence of treatment with ascorbic acid, citric acid, and calcium lactate dipping and cassava starch edible coatings on quality parameters and shelf life of fresh‐cut pineapple in slices during 12 d at 5 °C. After previous tests, the treatments selected for this study were samples dipped into antibrowning solution with 0.5% of ascorbic acid and 1% of citric acid, with and without 2% of calcium lactate and coated with 2% of cassava starch suspensions. Changes in weight loss, juice leakage, mechanical properties (stress at failure), color parameters (L* and H*), ascorbic acid content, sensory acceptance, and microbial growth of fruits were evaluated. Samples only treated with antibrowning agents were used as control. Edible coatings with and without calcium lactate were efficient in reducing weight loss, juice leakage, and maintaining firmness during storage. However, these samples showed more browning and the ascorbic acid content was reduced. All treatments presented good sensory acceptance (scores above 6). The determining factor of shelf life of pineapple slices was the microbial spoilage. A shelf life of 8 d was obtained for pineapple slices only treated with antibrowning agents. On the other hand, coated samples showed a reduced shelf life of 7 d and higher yeast and mold growth. Thus, although cassava starch coatings were efficient in reducing respiration rate, weight loss, and juice leakage and maintained mechanical properties, these treatments were not able to increase the shelf life of minimally processed pineapple.Practical Application:  Pineapple fruit is highly appreciated for its aroma, flavor, and juiciness, but its immediate consumption is difficult. Therefore, pineapple is a potential fruit for minimal processing. However, shelf life of fresh‐cut pineapple is very limited by changes in color, texture, appearance, off‐flavors, and microbial growth. The use of edible coatings as gas and water vapor barrier and antibrowning agents can extend the storage time and maintain the quality of fresh‐cut produce. Cassava starch and alginate coatings are alternative to preserve minimally processed pineapples without changing the quality parameters of fresh fruit. Thus, this study is useful for consumers and fresh‐cut industry interested in knowing factors affecting shelf life and quality of fresh‐cut pineapple.
Application of Solid Phase‐Microextraction (SPME) and Electronic Nose Techniques to Differentiate Volatiles of Sesame Oils Prepared with Diverse Roasting Conditions
Authors: Park Min Hee , Jeong Min Kyu , Yeo JuDong , Son Hee‐Jin , Lim Chae‐Lan , Hong Eun Jeung , Noh Bong‐Soo , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract:  Headspace volatiles of sesame oil (SO) from sesame seeds roasted at 9 different conditions were analyzed by a combination of solid phase microextraction (SPME)‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), electronic nose/metal oxide sensors (MOS), and electronic nose/MS. As roasting temperature increased from 213 to 247 °C, total headspace volatiles and pyrazines increased significantly (P < 0.05). Pyrazines were major volatiles in SO and furans, thiazoles, aldehydes, and alcohols were also detected. Roasting temperature was more discrimination factor than roasting time for the volatiles in SO through the principal component analysis (PCA) of SPME‐GC/MS, electronic nose/MOS, and electronic nose/MS. Electronic nose/MS showed that ion fragment 52, 76, 53, and 51 amu played important roles in discriminating volatiles in SO from roasted sesame seeds, which are the major ion fragments from pyrazines, furans, and furfurals. SO roasted at 213, 230, and 247 °C were clearly differentiated from each other on the base of volatile distribution by SPME‐GC/MS, electronic nose/MOS, and electronic nose/MS analyses.Practical Application:  The results of this study are ready to apply for the discriminating samples using a combinational analysis of volatiles. Not only vegetable oils prepared from roasting process but also any food sample possessing volatiles could be targets for the SPME‐GC/MS and electronic nose assays. Contents and types of pyrazines in sesame seed oil could be used as markers to track down the degree of roasting and oxidation during oil preparation.
Effect of Diallyl Trisulfide on the Pharmacokinetics of Nifedipine in Rats
Authors: Wang Yue , Zou Mei‐Juan , Zhao Nan , Ren Jun‐Gang , Zhou Hong , Cheng Gang 
Published: January 2011

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a major component derived from garlic, on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine. Pharmacokinetic parameters of nifedipine were determined in rats following an oral gavage (3 mg/kg) or intravenous administration (0.75 mg/kg) of nifedipine with co‐administration of DATS (20 mg/kg) and long‐term pretreatment of DATS (20 mg/kg/d for 15 consecutive days). Compared to the control groups, higherCmaxandAUC0–24 hwere observed for oral gavage of nifedipine after short‐term and long‐term pretreatment of DATS, whereas those for intravenous nifedipine were little changed. The oral bioavailabilities of nifedipine were remarkably enhanced via the concomitant use of DATS. In conclusion, DATS increased the oral exposure of nifedipine in rats likely by the modification of intestinal metabolism of nifedipine, indicating that combined use of DATS or DATS‐containing supplement with nifedipine may require caution because high plasma concentrations may lead to an undesired toxicity of this agent.Practical Application: Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease should take caution in combined use of DATS or DATS‐rich garlic supplement with nifedipine because long‐term treatment of DATS could lead high plasma concentrations of nifedipine.
Ultraviolet‐C Light for Treatment ofCandida albicansBurn Infection in Mice
Authors: Dai Tianhong , Kharkwal Gitika B. , Zhao Jie , Denis Tyler G. St. , Wu Qiuhe , Xia Yumin , Huang Liyi , Sharma Sulbha K. , d’Enfert Christophe , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBurn patients are at high risk of invasive fungal infections, which are a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and related expense exacerbated by the emergence of drug resistant fungal strains. In this study, we investigated the use of UVC light (254 nm) for the treatment of yeastCandida albicansinfection in mouse third degree burns.In vitrostudies demonstrated that UVC could selectively kill the pathogenicC. albicanscompared with a normal mouse keratinocyte cell line in a light exposure dependent manner. A mouse model of chronicC. albicansinfection in non‐lethal third degree burns was developed. TheC. albicansstrain was stably transformed with a version of theGaussia princepsluciferase gene that allowed real‐time bioluminescence imaging of the progression ofC. albicansinfection. UVC treatment with a single exposure carried out on day 0 (30 min postinfection) gave an average 2.16‐log10‐unit (99.2%) loss of fungal luminescence when 2.92 J cm−2UVC had been delivered, while UVC 24 h postinfection gave 1.94‐log10‐unit (95.8%) reduction of fungal luminescence after 6.48 J cm−2. Statistical analysis demonstrated that UVC treatment carried out on both day 0 and day 1 significantly reduced the fungal bioburden of infected burns. UVC was found to be superior to a topical antifungal drug, nystatin cream. UVC was tested on normal mouse skin and no gross damage was observed 24 h after 6.48 J cm−2. DNA lesions (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers) were observed by immunofluorescence in normal mouse skin immediately after a 6.48 J cm−2UVC exposure, but the lesions were extensively repaired at 24 h after UVC exposure.
Potential In Vivo UVC Disinfection of Catheter Lumens: Estimation of the Doses Received by the Blood Flow Outside the Catheter Tip Hole
Authors: Bak Jimmy , Jørgensen Thomas M. , Helfmann Jurgen , Gravemann Ute , Vorontsova Inessa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe have demonstrated that it is possible to launch UVC LED light into bacterial contaminated polymer tubes/catheters and disinfect the intraluminal space of these tubes. This can be achieved by UVC treatment of the catheters on a regular basis. Catheters are in the distal end equipped with an exit hole for administration of drugs, bloods or nutrients into the bloodstream. Even if the UVC light is strongly attenuated during its propagation through the catheter tube a fraction of the UVC launched into the catheter will escape through the exit hole and irradiate the blood. We demonstrate by calculations that very small effective doses are exposed to the blood (ca 10−4 J m−2). This dosage level is very low compared with UVC doses reported from other therapeutic applications. The very short residence time of the blood constituents in the irradiated volume in front of the exit hole is the main reason why the UVC exposure to the blood in the catheter application is so low. The very low dose received by the blood through the catheter tip indicated that possible side effects are negligible and makes the UV disinfection technique feasible in a clinical setting.
Modification of Spectral Ultraviolet Doses by Different Types of Overcast Cloudiness and Atmospheric Aerosol
Authors: Aun Margit , Eerme Kalju , Ansko Ilmar , Veismann Uno , Lätt Silver 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWavelength‐dependent attenuation of ground‐level ultraviolet (UV) dose by different cloud and aerosol situations at the Tartu Observatory site (58°15′ N, 26°28′ E, 70 m a.s.l) is under scrutiny. The spectra at wavelengths ranging below 400 nm have been recorded by the simple Avantes, Inc. array spectrometer AvaSpec‐256 in 2004–2009. The spectral information was supported by the conventional broadband solar irradiance and by the necessary meteorological data. The average cloud modification factor (CMF) on overcast days from May to August has been quite low, 0.36 in UVA and 0.35 in UVB. In the UVA range, the reduction of the daily dose with increasing noon solar zenith angle (SZA) from 35–50° to 65–80° in overcast days has been about 20% more than in clear days, while in the UVB range it was 45% larger. No clear difference in the influence of SZA on CMF between low level (St, Ns) and medium level (As, Ac) overcast cloudiness has been found. The aerosol attenuation during large aerosol optical depth (AOD) episode has been comparable with that of medium level clouds with the wavelength dependency in the UVA range different from that of clouds.
Effects of Endosomal Photodamage on Membrane Recycling and Endocytosis
Authors: Andrzejak Michelle , Santiago Marie , Kessel David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe flux of receptor‐independent endocytosis can be estimated by addition of wortmannin to cell cultures. Membrane influx is unaffected but traffic out of late endosomes is impaired, resulting in a substantial enlargement of these organelles. Using the 1c1c7 murine hepatoma, we investigated the effect of endosomal photodamage on this endocytic pathway. We previously reported that photodamage catalyzed by the lysosomal photosensitizer NPe6 prevented wortmannin‐induced endosomal swelling, indicating an earlier block in the process. In this study, we show that endosomal photodamage, initiated by photodamage from an asymmetrically substituted porphine or a phthalocyanine also prevents wortmannin‐induced endosomal swelling, even when the photodynamic therapy (PDT) dose is insufficient to cause endosomal disruption. As the PDT dose is increased, endosomal breakage occurs, as does apoptosis and cell death. Very high PDT doses result in necrosis. We propose that photodamage to endosomes results in alterations in the endosomal structure such that influx of new material is inhibited and receptor‐independent endocytosis is prevented. In an additional series of studies, we found that the swollen late endosomes induced by wortmannin are unable to retain previously accumulated fluorescent probes or photosensitizers.
The Reaction Process of Firefly Bioluminescence Triggered by Photolysis of Caged‐ATP
Authors: Kageyama Takeshi , Tanaka Masatoshi , Sekiya Takao , Ohno Shin‐Ya , Wada Naohisa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe reaction process of firefly bioluminescence was studied by photolyzing caged‐ATP to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) within 100 ms. The intensity of luminescence increases markedly to reach a maximum within 1 s, maintains almost the same intensity up to 5 s and then decays monotonically. The rise γ1 and decay γ2 rate constants were determined to be about 5 s−1 and 1 × 10−2 s−1, respectively, so as to phenomenologically fit the time course. A second luminescence peak appears after around 350 s. The dependence of the rate constants on the concentrations of reactants and a viscous reagent revealed that two kinds of reaction contribute the observed time course: (1) an intrinsic reaction by ATP photolyzed from caged‐ATP that is already trapped in luciferase; and (2) a diffusion‐controlled reaction by free ATP in the buffer solution outside luciferase. Numerical analysis based on reaction kinetics related γ1 and γ2 to the rate constants of a three‐step reaction model, and accurately described the effects of concentration of reactants and a viscous reagent on the time courses of bioluminescence. Thus, it has been clearly concluded that the binding mode of caged‐ATP at the catalytic center of luciferase is very different from that of ATP.
What's worrying young Australians and where do they go for advice and support? Policy and practice implications for their well‐being
Authors: Hampshire Anne , Di Nicola Kathryn 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim: The Mission Australia annual National Survey of Young Australians aims to generate insights into what young people think on a range of issues, including what they value, what issues are of concern to them, and where they go for advice and support.Methods: A two‐page opt‐in questionnaire was distributed to a very broad range of organisations across Australia, and was available in both an online and paper‐based format. Responses to the survey were anonymous. Respondents were asked to rank items from the lists provided, and results are reported on the basis of items ranked one, two or three by respondents. Responses were disaggregated by age, gender, cultural background and living arrangements.Results: Close to 48 000 young people participated in the 2009 survey, and the data confirms the importance of relationships to young people, as well as the diversity of concerns they may have, including drugs, suicide, mental health and body image. While concerns tended to vary with age and to some extent gender, what is valued by young people tends to be consistent across age and genders, namely family and friends.Conclusions: Implications for policy making and service delivery are drawn with a focus on the issues of relationships, drugs and mental health. In particular, the need for early intervention, evidence‐based drug education programs, and initiatives that support those closest to young people, to assist them when they have concerns, are highlighted.
Navigating complex lives: a longitudinal, comparative perspective on young people's trajectories
Authors: Wyn Johanna , Andres Lesley 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground: Drawing on a sociological analysis that brings the prevailing social and economic policies into the frame of this analysis, this article focuses on the relationship between the social conditions faced by young people in the 1990s and early 2000s, the opportunities and constraints that these conditions presented to them, and patterns of mental health.Method: The article presents an analysis of selected data from two longitudinal cohort studies. One is the Paths on Life's Way cohort study by Andres, based in British Columbia, Canada, and the other is the Life‐Patterns cohort by Wyn, based in Victoria, Australia. These cohort studies have tracked the lives of young people who entered the labour market in the early 1990s. The longitudinal analysis is based on the data available for 733 participants in the Canadian study in 2003, and 625 participants in the Australian study in 2004, which remains representative of the larger original samples. The data were collected through a mixed‐method approach of surveys and interviews. As part of the study, education and employment policies in Australia and Canada during the 1990 s were also analysed.Results: The data reveal that it took 14 years from the time of leaving secondary school for the majority of Australians and Canadians to find a degree of employment security. Young Australians had lower rates of marriage and fertility, and assessed their mental health as being worse than their Canadian peers. Education and labour market policies aimed to increase human capital to ensure global competitiveness and to increase the flexibility of labour for employers.Conclusion: Social policies matter. In both countries, the creation of higher levels of human capital through increasing young people's participation in education, combined with labour market policies that increased job uncertainty and labour market precariousness meant that young people found it difficult to achieve their goals of modest affluence and security. The policies had an impact on young people's marriage rates and fertility, particularly for the Australians. These social conditions also had the effect of increasing young people's assessments of their mental health as poor. Greater attention needs to be paid to the impact of social policies on areas that lie outside their immediate domain. Addressing young people's mental health requires an awareness of the inter‐connections across policy areas, and the recognition that mental health is an outcome of social conditions.
Promoting youth mental health: priorities for policy from an Australian perspective
Authors: Rickwood Debra J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim: This paper considers the priorities for policy to promote youth mental health in Australia. The Ottawa Charter is applied as a conceptual framework to determine current strengths and future priorities across the entire spectrum of interventions for mental health promotion.Methods: The five platforms of the Ottawa Charter are used to categorize some of the major initiatives that promote youth mental health. Areas of strength and major gaps within each platform are identified.Results: Australia was shown to be at the forefront of many youth mental health promotion initiatives, particularly in the service reorientation and personal skills platforms of the Ottawa Charter.Conclusions: While significant progress has been made in some areas of youth mental health promotion, areas of critical need for policy focus were: oversight of all public policies for their impact on youth mental health; more supportive environments for youth and better interconnection with mental health care; community action to support the youth voice; investment in resources for parents and families; ensuring quality inreach and outreach to provide young people with positive mental health messages and improve mental health literacy; and embedding and expanding effective innovations in youth mental health services reorientation.
Evaluating population‐level interventions for young people's mental health: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sawyer Michael Gifford , Borojevic Nina , Lynch John 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim: To identify key issues relevant to the delivery and evaluation of population‐level mental health interventions for children and adolescents.Methods: The benefits and limitations of clinical, targeted and universal interventions were initially reviewed. Subsequently, experience gained in evaluations of targeted and universal interventions was utilized to identify key challenges that must be addressed by researchers responsible for evaluating population‐level interventions and potential solutions to these challenges.Results: To be effective, population‐level interventions must engage large numbers of individuals in community or regional areas. Successfully evaluating population‐level interventions delivered in routine services requires a clear agreement about outcomes, use of strong research methodologies, and the availability of adequate research funding. Sustaining service‐research partnerships over the several‐year life of typical population interventions requires careful attention to these issues. Electronic databases with the capacity to efficiently collect, store and allow retrieval of large amounts of data in electronic format are also an essential component of population‐level interventions. Finally, research leaders need high‐quality administrative skills to manage research teams responsible for evaluating large‐scale population‐level interventions delivered at a regional or national level.Conclusion: Population‐level interventions have the potential to play an important role in reducing the incidence and prevalence of mental health problems experienced by young people in the community. However, if they are to achieve their full effectiveness, ongoing evaluations are needed.
Young people at ultra high risk for psychosis: a research update
Authors: Yung Alison R. , Nelson Barnaby 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim: Over the last fifteen years attempts have been made to prospectively identify individuals in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The ‘ultra high risk’ approach, based on a combination of known trait and state risk factors, has been the main strategy used. The validation of the ultra high risk criteria led to a series of intervention studies in this population. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of ultra high risk research.Method: We review studies in this area, focusing on intervention research. Intervention studies have included the use of low dose antipsychotic medication, cognitive therapy, and omega‐3 fatty acids.Results: The evidence for specific intervention strategies for this population is moderate and requires replication with larger samples.Conclusion: Recently, it has been proposed to include an adaption of the ultra high risk criteria in the next version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition). This has raised some controversy in the field. The authors conclude that it would be premature to include the Risk Syndrome in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders at this stage.