bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication experience of individuals treated with home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Laakso Katja , Markström Agneta , Idvall Markus , Havstam Christina , Hartelius Lena 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground: Mechanical ventilatory support seriously affects speaking and communication, and earlier studies show that many ventilator‐supported patients experience difficulties and frustration with their speech and voice production. Since there is a growing number of individuals who require mechanical ventilatory support and there is a paucity of studies that examine ventilator‐supported communication, this research area needs to be developed to ensure adequate health services for this population. The present study focused on ventilator‐supported communication from the point of view of individuals receiving home mechanical ventilation (HMV).Aims: The specific aim was to examine the communication experience of individuals receiving HMV.Methods & Procedures: A qualitative approach was adopted for this study, and data were collected by means of semi‐structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to structure, condense and interpret the data. The participants were recruited from the National Respiratory Centre (NRC) in Sweden, and included 19 individuals receiving HMV.Outcomes & Results: The main theme A long and lonely struggle to find a voice and six subthemes detailing different facets of it emerged from data analysis: Managing changed speech conditions, Prioritising voice, A third party supporting communication, Using communication to get things done, Depending on technology, and Facing ignorance. Important aspects influencing the ventilator‐supported individuals’ communicative performance (speech, support from others and technological solutions) are discussed.Conclusions & Implications: The study revealed that healthcare practitioners involved in the care of individuals receiving HMV need to improve their understanding and knowledge of issues related to ventilator‐supported communication. Individuals receiving HMV encounter a needlessly long and lonely struggle to achieve effective communication. They face numerous challenges regarding their communication, and they need to be heard in both literal and figurative senses. To overcome these challenges they need support from competent healthcare practitioners and personal assistants, and continuous follow‐up by speech and language therapists tailoring communicative solutions to fit individual needs.
A child‐centred exploration of the relevance of family and friends to theory of mind development
Authors: WRIGHT BARLOW C. , MAHFOUD JANINA 
Published: October 2011

Wright, B. C. & Mahfoud, J. (2012). A child‐centred exploration of the relevance of family and friends to theory of mind development. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 32–40.Theory of Mind (ToM) is said to develop at around 4 years old. But some studies suggest it develops considerably earlier than this, with others suggesting it develops much later. Although several recent studies have found that social factors (like gender, family size, number of siblings, and number of friends) can impact on ToM, other studies contradict those findings. We wondered whether addressing several procedural issues and ensuring the task concerns real protagonists in real time, would bear on the above issues. Here, 114 children of 3–6 years completed four ToM tasks incorporating controls from experimental psychology, including randomly varying the order of ToM and non‐ToM questions across participants. Now, children passed ToM tasks from around 5 years old, rather than 4 years or earlier. Girls did not develop ToM any earlier than boys. There was clear correlational evidence for the older‐sibling effect and effects of friends but no reliable effects of nuclear or extended family. However, when these factors were set in the context of one another, the sibling effect was driven by a negative influence from younger siblings (as opposed to older siblings) and the friends effect was driven by friends at school (as opposed to friends at home). Finally, “friends” was a stronger predictor than siblings but memory (a cognitive factor) and age (a maturational factor) were the strongest predictors of all.
Parents of deaf children with cochlear implants: a study of technology and community
Authors: Mauldin Laura 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe cochlear implant (CI) is increasingly used to treat deafness, despite arguments from the deaf community. Deaf children born to hearing parents are the fastest growing group of CI recipients, making parents the primary consumers. Instead of focusing on the controversy over implants, this article examines the clinical structures shaping parental decision‐making and how parents integrate clinical practices into family and community. Observations and in‐depth interviews were conducted in a CI clinic and at various community sites. The data reveal strong inter‐institutional co‐operations between the clinic, the state and local school districts. Working together, these institutions anticipate parental needs, foster a CI community and thus increase compliance. I conclude that implantation is an ongoing practice enculturating parents into a new community characterised by the adoption of long‐term rehabilitative duties. However, the long‐term nature of rehabilitation creates disparities in outcomes, which would be better understood through further research on the social relations in families and across parent networks in the CI community.
Social Support and Hopelessness in Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Yağmur Yurdagül , Oltuluoğlu Hatice 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the social support and hopelessness in women undergoing infertility treatment in eastern Turkey.Design and SampleFor this descriptive design study, the sample was composed of 456 women.MeasuresBeck's Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used. Percentile, correlation, unpaired t test, and one‐way analysis of variance test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe mean BHS score was 6.97 ± 3.64, with a range of 0–19 while the mean MSPSS score was 61.98 ± 16.05 with a range of 12–84. A negative correlation (r = −.336, p = .000) was noted between MSPSS scores and BHS scores.ConclusionsHopelessness levels in women negatively correlate with reported level of social support. Informing health professionals about these issues will be an important step toward improving the quality and levels of social support given to women undergoing infertility treatment.
Carbonic anhydrase isozymes II, IX, and XII in uterine tumors
Authors: HYNNINEN PIRITTA , PARKKILA SEPPO , HUHTALA HEINI , PASTOREKOVA SILVIA , PASTOREK JAROMIR , WAHEED ABDUL , SLY WILLIAM S. , TOMAS EIJA 
Published: October 2011

Hynninen P, Parkkila S, Huhtala H, Pastorekova S, Pastorek J, Waheed A, Sly WS, Tomas E. Carbonic anhydrase isozymes II, IX, and XII in uterine tumors. APMIS 2011.Histopathological diagnostics of gynecological malignancies continues to be challenging despite the well established criteria. For example, the morphological distinction of uterine leiomyosarcoma from certain variants of benign leiomyoma can be difficult. Herein, we investigated the expression of Carbonic anhydrase (CA) II, IX, and XII in the normal endometrium, leiomyomas, uterine sarcomas, and endometrial adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemistry. These isozymes are considered promising diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The normal endometrium showed high CA XII expression, whereas the signals were lower in endometrial adenocarcinoma (p < 0.004). Only sporadic CA IX staining was found in the normal endometrium, whereas the enzyme was overexpressed in most cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma (p < 0.005). CA II expression was slightly weaker in the normal endometrium than that in the adenocarcinomas (p < 0.008). Positive immunostaining reactions for CAs were observed in the uterine sarcomas, whereas all leiomyomas were negative for CA II and XII. A comparison between leiomyomas and sarcomas showed statistically significant differences for all studied isozymes (p < 0.001). Our study shows that CA isozymes could together serve as histopathological biomarkers for differential diagnosis between uterine leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma. In addition to being found in leiomyosarcomas, CA II and IX were overexpressed in endometrial adenocarcinoma, where they might regulate the pH of the tumor microenvironment.
Low‐dose vs. high‐dose thalidomide for advanced multiple myeloma: a prospective trial from the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome
Authors: Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Mary Jean‐Yves , Hulin Cyrille , Doyen Chantal , Marit Gérald , Benboubker Lotfi , Voillat Laurent , Moreau Philippe , Berthou Christian , Stoppa Anne‐Marie , Maloisel Frédéric , Rodon Philippe , Dib Mamoun , Pegourie Brigitte , Casassus Philippe , Slama Borhane , Damaj Ghandi , Zerbib Robert , Harousseau Jean‐Luc , Mohty Mohamad , Facon Thierry ,   for the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM)
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis multicentre prospective randomised trial compared the efficacy and safety of two doses of thalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma. The study was designed to test the non‐inferior efficacy and to confirm the better tolerability of low‐dose thalidomide as compared to a higher dose. Four hundred patients were randomly assigned to receive either 100 or 400 mg/day of thalidomide. Dexamethasone treatment was added in both arms for patients with stable disease or treatment failure at 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was 1‐year overall survival (OS). Thalidomide 100 mg/day was better tolerated than 400 mg/day with less high‐grade somnolence, constipation, nausea/vomiting and peripheral neuropathy (P < 0.001, P = 0.007, P = 0.03 and P = 0.007, respectively). In the per‐protocol population (PP), the estimated 1‐year OS rates were of 74.5% (n = 149) and 67.3% (n = 156) in the 400 and 100 groups, respectively. The upper limit of the difference between these rates was of 15.6% higher than the non‐inferiority acceptable limit of 12.75%, and the hypothesis of non‐inferiority of 100 could not be established (P = 0.14). On the other hand, when intent‐to‐treat (ITT) population was analysed, the non‐inferiority was demonstrated because the 1‐year OS rates were of 72.8% (n = 195) and 68.8% (n = 205) in the same groups, leading to an upper limit of the difference of 11.49% lower than the non‐inferiority acceptable limit. In addition, in patients alive 12 weeks postrandomisation and those who received thalidomide plus dexamethasone, there were no significant differences in response rates, time to progression, progression‐free survival and OS between the two groups. Collectively, low‐dose thalidomide 100 mg/day has significant activity in advanced myeloma with an improved safety profile and can be a good salvage therapy in combination with dexamethasone.
Autoimmune bullous skin diseases. Part 2: diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Kneisel Andrea , Hertl Michael 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAutoimmune bullous skin diseases represent a heterogenous group of disorders of skin and mucosa which are commonly associated with IgG or IgA autoantibodies against distinct adhesion molecules of the skin. The antibodyinduced loss of adhesion between epidermis and dermis results in blister formation and extensive erosions. There is a great need for rapidly establishing the diagnosis of these disorders since they may run a severe and potentially life‐threatening course. In addition, because of their rarity and heterogeneous symptoms, autoimmune bullous skin diseases often pose a major diagnostic challenge. While histopathological examinations provide evidence for the level of blister formation, immunofluorescence microscopy has been established to identify tissue‐bound and circulating autoantibodies. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy represents the gold standard for detecting tissue‐bound autoantibodies. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with defined tissue substrates is considered the first step in detecting circulating autoantibodies. Confirmatory tests such as ELISA, immunoblot or immunoprecipitation analyses are performed utilizing recombinant proteins or keratinocyte extracts. The later assays can be used for primary diagnosis as well as for immunoserological follow‐up. Systemic immunosuppressive drugs usually represent the main therapeutic regimen. Initially, systemic corticosteroids are commonly administered in combination with steroid‐sparing, immunosuppressive agents. Novel targeted treatments such as immunoadsorption, rituximab or high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulins have proven to be highly effective in severe and refractory pemphigus. This review presents a state‐of‐the‐art algorithm for making the diagnosis of autoimmune bullous disorders and provides an overview on currently available therapeutic options.
Restricted versus Unrestricted Choice in Labeled Choice Experiments: Exploring the Trade‐Offs of Expanding Choice Dimensions
Authors: Rolfe John , Windle Jill 
Published: October 2011

A key methodological question in choice experiments is to identify whether there is a difference in choice behavior, and subsequent value estimates, when choices are constrained to mutually exclusive alternatives in labeled experiments compared to when combinations of alternatives are available. This issue is important when policy management options are represented in labeled experiments, as it is easier to represent management options as mutually exclusive choice alternatives, but combinations of management options may be more relevant in the policy world. This issue is tested with a case study application to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. A split‐sample experiment is implemented where one survey includes four labeled alternatives: a status quo option and three specific policy management options (restricted choice). The other survey provides respondents with an unrestricted choice set by including a fifth alternative choice, labeled as “a combination of management options.” The results provide some evidence that adding a combination policy alternative does change the way that respondents view trade‐offs, but that choice behavior and subsequent value estimates are consistent across the two survey formats.Une question d’ordre méthodologique importante se pose dans le cas de la méthode des choix discrets expérimentaux : déterminer s’il existe ou non une différence dans les choix des répondants et dans les estimations subséquentes lorsque les alternatives proposées sont mutuellement exclusives et lorsque les alternatives proposées peuvent être des combinaisons d’alternatives mutuellement exclusives. Il s’agit d’un point important lorsque les options de gestion de politiques figurent dans des expériences avec des alternatives nongénériques étant donné qu’il est plus facile de présenter les stratégies de gestion comme des alternatives mutuellement exclusives, bien que les combinaisons de stratégies de gestion puissent être plus pertinentes pour les décideurs. Nous avons vérifié ce point à l’aide d’une étude de cas appliquée à la grande barrière de corail (Great Barrier Reef) de l’Australie. Nous avons utilisé la technique de l’échantillon fractionné : un premier sondage comprenait quatre choix distincts : conservation du statu quo et trois alternatives de gestion de politiques (choix contraint); un deuxième sondage comprenait un choix complet d’alternatives incluant une cinquième alternative intitulée « combinaison de stratégies de gestion ». Les résultats semblent indiquer que l’ajout d’une telle alternative influence la perception des répondants à l’égard de la valorisation des attributs, mais que les choix des répondants et les estimations subséquentes se ressemblent dans les deux formules de sondage.
‘Make No Little Plans’: Anatomy of Planning Ambition and Prospect
Authors: GLEESON BRENDAN 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis review paper applies a critical geographic perspective to analysis of planning ambition and prospect. Its point of departure is that planning, an applied spatial science, has lacked consistent review from critical geography in recent decades. The consequences of this drift for planning conception and practice are considered, focusing on the influential construct, the compact city. The review finds evidence of serious epistemological and methodological flaws in planning thought and ambition; failings that were earlier identified and analysed in the break with positivism in geographical sciences. The consequences of these limitations for planning thought and practice are considered. Broadly they undermine the ability of the compact city ideal to address what is arguably the most critical threat facing humanity, climate change. Specifically, the proposition that urban density has straightforward influences on human behaviour, including resource use, is without scientific foundation. Planning has a critically important part to play in climate response: securing the resilience and well‐being of an increasingly urbanised human species. Urban compaction may not achieve these ends.
Synergistic Effect of Thermal Energy on Bactericidal Action of Photolysis of H
2
O
2
in Relation to Acceleration of Hydroxyl Radical Generation
Authors: Shirato Midori , Ikai Hiroyo , Nakamura Keisuke , Hayashi Eisei , Kanno Taro , Sasaki Keiichi , Kohno Masahiro , Niwano Yoshimi 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of thermal energy on the yield of and the bactericidal action of hydroxyl radical generated by photolysis of H
2
O
2
. Different concentrations of H
2
O
2
(250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mM) were irradiated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at a wavelength of 400 ± 20 nm at 25°C to generate hydroxyl radical. The 500 mM H
2
O
2
was irradiated with the LEDs at different temperatures (25, 35, 45, and 55°C). Electron spin resonance spin trapping analysis showed that the yield of hydroxyl radicals increased with the temperature, as well as the concentration of H
2
O
2
.
Streptococcus mutans
and
Enterococcus faecalis
were used in the bactericidal assay. The LED-light irradiation of the bacterial suspensions in 500 mM H
2
O
2
at 25°C could hardly kill the bacteria within 3 min, while the bactericidal effect was markedly enhanced with the temperature rise. For instance, a temperature increase to 55°C resulted in >99.999% reduction of viable counts of both bacterial species only within 1 min. The photolysis of 500 mM H
2
O
2
at 55°C could reduce the viable counts of bacteria more efficiently than did the photolysis of 1,000 mM H
2
O
2
at 25°C, although the yields of hydroxyl radical were almost the same under the both conditions. These findings suggest that the thermal energy accelerates the generation of hydroxyl radical by photolysis of H
2
O
2
, which in turn results in a synergistic bactericidal effect of hydroxyl radical and thermal energy.
Colistin-Resistant, Lipopolysaccharide-Deficient Acinetobacter baumannii Responds to Lipopolysaccharide Loss through Increased Expression of Genes Involved in the Synthesis and Transport of Lipoproteins, Phospholipids, and Poly-β-1,6-
N
-Acetylglucosamine
Authors: Henry Rebekah , Vithanage Nuwan , Harrison Paul , Seemann Torsten , Coutts Scott , Moffatt Jennifer H. , Nation Roger L. , Li Jian , Harper Marina , Adler Ben , Boyce John D. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

We recently demonstrated that colistin resistance in
Acinetobacter baumannii
can result from mutational inactivation of genes essential for lipid A biosynthesis (Moffatt JH, et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
54:
4971–4977). Consequently, strains harboring these mutations are unable to produce the major Gram-negative bacterial surface component, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To understand how
A. baumannii
compensates for the lack of LPS, we compared the transcriptional profile of the
A. baumannii
type strain ATCC 19606 to that of an isogenic, LPS-deficient,
lpxA
mutant strain. The analysis of the expression profiles indicated that the LPS-deficient strain showed increased expression of many genes involved in cell envelope and membrane biogenesis. In particular, upregulated genes included those involved in the Lol lipoprotein transport system and the Mla-retrograde phospholipid transport system. In addition, genes involved in the synthesis and transport of poly-β-1,6-
N
-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) also were upregulated, and a corresponding increase in PNAG production was observed. The LPS-deficient strain also exhibited the reduced expression of genes predicted to encode the fimbrial subunit FimA and a type VI secretion system (T6SS). The reduced expression of genes involved in T6SS correlated with the detection of the T6SS-effector protein AssC in culture supernatants of the
A. baumannii
wild-type strain but not in the LPS-deficient strain. Taken together, these data show that, in response to total LPS loss,
A. baumannii
alters the expression of critical transport and biosynthesis systems associated with modulating the composition and structure of the bacterial surface.
Abrogation of Neuraminidase Reduces Biofilm Formation, Capsule Biosynthesis, and Virulence of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Li Chen , Kurniyati  , Hu Bo , Bian Jiang , Sun Jianlan , Zhang Weiyan , Liu Jun , Pan Yaping , Li Chunhao 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

The oral bacterium
Porphyromonas gingivalis
is a key etiological agent of human periodontitis, a prevalent chronic disease that affects up to 80% of the adult population worldwide.
P. gingivalis
exhibits neuraminidase activity. However, the enzyme responsible for this activity, its biochemical features, and its role in the physiology and virulence of
P. gingivalis
remain elusive. In this report, we found that
P. gingivalis
encodes a neuraminidase, PG0352 (Sia
Pg
). Transcriptional analysis showed that
PG0352
is monocistronic and is regulated by a sigma
70
-like promoter. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that Sia
Pg
is an exo-α-neuraminidase that cleaves glycosidic-linked sialic acids. Cryoelectron microscopy and tomography analyses revealed that the
PG0352
deletion mutant (ΔPG352) failed to produce an intact capsule layer. Compared to the wild type,
in vitro
studies showed that ΔPG352 formed less biofilm and was less resistant to killing by the host complement.
In vivo
studies showed that while the wild type caused a spreading type of infection that affected multiple organs and all infected mice were killed, ΔPG352 only caused localized infection and all animals survived. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Sia
Pg
is an important virulence factor that contributes to the biofilm formation, capsule biosynthesis, and pathogenicity of
P. gingivalis
, and it can potentially serve as a new target for developing therapeutic agents against
P. gingivalis
infection.