bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive, textural and sensory attributes of soft confections enriched with plant protein hydrolysates
Authors: Güneş Zeynep Saliha , Şişman Sebahat , Özarda Özlem , Gülseren İbrahim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoft confections can serve as a reservoir for bioactive peptide delivery in both functional food and food supplement applications. In this study, pectin-based soft confections were fortified with proteolytic plant protein hydrolysates and the residual bioactivity of hydrolysates was studied after processing or simulated digestion. Cold press sunflower or hazelnut cakes were used in the manufacture of protein isolates based on an alkali extraction-isoelectric precipitation (AE-IP) method. Trypsin or bromelain were utilized in the proteolysis of the isolates and thus prepared liquid hydrolysates were used in confectionery manufacture. DPP-IV (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV) inhibitory activity (i.e., in vitro antidiabetic activity) and antioxidative activities were measured. In addition, sensory and textural attributes were investigated. In all cases, a significant concentration of hydrolysates were added to the confections (27%), which lead to significant changes in color, texture and sensory acceptance. The peptide profile and size distribution mostly altered such characteristics, while observed bioactivity was significant after processing. Simulated digestion enhanced DPP-IV inhibitory activity up to approx. 40%, whereas antioxidative performance decreased. While the applicability of the current findings is limited by hydrolysate solubility, ingredient interactions, and processing costs, the relevance of degree of hydrolysis (DH%), peptide characteristics and phenolic-peptide interactions on product quality and eventual bioactivity are being discussed.
Policy support strategies for organic farming extensification in Nigeria
Authors: Ume Chukwuma , Bahta Yonas T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo achieve a more sustainable agricultural production system, the focus should extend beyond solely promoting the adoption of organic farming to include an emphasis on extensification. A synergistic approach involving Branding/informal certification, price premiums for organic produce, and government subsidies holds the potential to drive higher levels of organic farming extensification among smallholder producers. This study encompassed 415 organic growers engaged in varying degrees of organic farming. These participants were drawn from the Southeast region of Nigeria. Employing a multi-endogenous instrumental variable regression, the research uncovered compelling insights. Notably, it revealed that providing premiums for organic products and utilizing Branding or informal certification significantly supported growers' inclination to expanding the land area under organic agriculture. Conversely, government subsidies exhibited a negative influence on extensification rates. In light of these findings, it becomes imperative to envision a more robust future for organic farming in Nigeria that hinges on strategic investments in formal certifications, thereby facilitating enhanced integration of organic producers into larger domestic and global markets.
Effect of MELD-Na score on overall survival of periampullary cancer
Authors: Yılmaz Serkan , Yur Mesut 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeriampullary cancers have a short overall survival (OS), and many prognostic factors have been studied for this purpose. They usually present with biliary obstruction, which negatively affects the liver, kidney, immune system, and cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MELD-Na scores on OS in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy due to periampullary cancer. Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy due to periampullary cancer between January 2010 and January 2021 were included in the study. After applying the exclusion criteria, 80 of the 124 patients were included in the study. The demographic, laboratory, and pathologic data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis showed that MELD-Na score at admission, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, adjuvant treatment, portal vein resection, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), T-stage, and tumor location were significantly associated with OS (p < 0.1). In multivariate analysis, MELD-Na score at admission (HR: 1.051, 95% CI [1.004–1.101]; p = 0.033), adjuvant treatment (HR: 4.717, 95% CI [2.371–9.383]; p < 0.001), LVI (HR: 2.473, 95% CI [1.355–4.515]; p = 0.003), and tumor location (HR: 2.380, 95% CI [1.274–4.445]; p = 0.007) were independent risk factors for OS. MELD-Na score, adjuvant treatment, LVI, and tumor location were independent risk factors for the OS of periampullary cancer. The MELD-Na score may be used to predict OS for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy due to periampullary cancer.
Blockchain and industrial symbiosis: a preliminary two-step framework to green circular supply chains
Authors: Ventura V. , La Monica M. , Bortolini M. , Cutaia L. , Mora C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe strategic management of supply chains, by ensuring closed-loop manufacturing processes and a constant reduction of industrial waste, is an essential pillar of sustainability. This is the pattern behind the, so-called, circular supply chains. The effective adoption of this paradigm demands the supply chains actors to establish robust integration and relationships, so that waste and by‐products of an industry or industrial process become the raw materials for others. This circular network is defined as industrial symbiosis. Starting from a background on this topic, this working paper explores the potential of blockchain as enabling technology of Industry 4.0 to disseminate industrial symbiosis practices within the modern industrial scenario. A preliminary two-step framework, i.e., conceptual and operative, is presented including insights and win–win synergies showing the potential of blockchain technology in supporting informative flows of industrial symbiosis. Preliminary field experiences are suggested, along with existing limitations and perspectives on future research.
Cross-Sectional Melt Pool Geometry of Laser Scanned Tracks and Pads on Nickel Alloy 718 for the 2022 Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Challenges
Authors: Weaver Jordan S. , Deisenroth David , Mekhontsev Sergey , Lane Brandon M. , Levine Lyle E. , Yeung Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Series (AM Bench) is a NIST-led organization that provides a continuing series of additive manufacturing benchmark measurements, challenge problems, and conferences with the primary goal of enabling modelers to test their simulations against rigorous, highly controlled additive manufacturing benchmark measurement data. To this end, single-track (1D) and pad (2D) scans on bare plate nickel alloy 718 were completed with thermography, cross-sectional grain orientation and local chemical composition maps, and cross-sectional melt pool size measurements. The laser power, scan speed, and laser spot size were varied for single tracks, and the scan direction was varied for pads. This article focuses on the cross-sectional melt pool size measurements and presents the predictions from challenge problems. Single-track depth correlated with volumetric energy density while width did not (within the studied parameters). The melt pool size for pad scans was greater than single tracks due to heat buildup. Pad scan melt pool depth was reduced when the laser scan direction and gas flow direction were parallel. The melt pool size in pad scans showed little to no trend against position within the pads. Uncertainty budgets for cross-sectional melt pool size from optical micrographs are provided for the purpose of model validation.
Experimental and numerical study of lateral vibration of a rotor–stator rubbing system
Authors: Taher Gehad A. F. , Rabeih El-Adl , El-Mongy Heba H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, lateral vibration of a rotating system with rotor–stator rubbing is investigated experimentally and numerically. An experimental study is conducted using a simple test rig to model a horizontal rotating system with a fixed stator device to simulate rubbing. Furthermore, a lumped parameter model with two degrees of freedom is established with a viscoelastic contact model that considers the stiffness and damping properties of the stator. The fourth/fifth order Runge–Kutta technique is used to solve the nonlinear equations of motion of the rotor system. The effect of changing mass unbalance and radial clearance on the dynamic response is investigated experimentally and numerically. The observed results are presented in detail through bifurcation diagrams, frequency spectra, Poincaré’s points, orbit plots, and time waveforms. The experimental results show that changing the mass unbalance and radial clearance yield significant effects on the system response. The 2 × and 3 × harmonic components are found to serve as good indicators of increasing rub severity. The numerical results show the dynamic characteristics of rub responses such as periodic no-contact, periodic with contact, quasi-periodic, and chaotic responses. The response characteristics are very sensitive to the changes in system parameters and initial conditions. Both the experimental and numerical results show qualitatively that the lateral vibration response exhibits coexistence and alternation of periodic and chaotic responses. Also, quasiperiodic response shows up in some numerical case studies. The obtained results contribute toward a better diagnosis of rotor–stator rub fault in rotating machines.
Content validity of SarQoL, a quality of life questionnaire specific to sarcopenia
Authors: Demonceau C. , Voz B. , Bruyère O. , Reginster J-Y. , Beaudart C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The Sarcopenia & Quality of Life (SarQoL) questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure designed for assessing health-related quality of life in individuals with sarcopenia. Despite its wide acceptance in the scientific literature, its content validity has only been partially demonstrated so far.

Aims
To enhance the evidence supporting the content validity of the SarQoL questionnaire.

Methods
Following COSMIN methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 Belgian older adults who met the EWGSOP2 criteria for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and 11 experts in sarcopenia, with clinical or research background. Comprehensiveness, relevance and comprehensibility of SarQoL content were assessed through individual transcripts and were qualitatively analyzed thematically according to the seven dimensions of SarQoL.

Results
The majority of the concepts elicited during the semi-structured interviews fitted within existing SarQoL dimensions. Importantly, the different domains of SarQoL were consensually considered as relevant by patients and experts. Some new emergent concepts were identified by the participants. While many of them could be considered as enrichments of existing dimensions or sub-concepts, other new concepts (i.e. self-fulfilment, acceptance of the reduced condition, adaptation/use of strategies, depression) may highlight two potential dimensions not covered by SarQoL, i.e. patient empowerment and depression. Cognitive interviews also highlighted that SarQoL items and instructions were clear and comprehensible.

Conclusions
SarQoL, in its current form, demonstrates good evidence of content validity for assessing health-related quality of life in patients with sarcopenia. We do not recommend adding new items or dimensions to SarQoL. Instead, for researchers or clinicians who aim to specifically address self-empowerment or depression of sarcopenic populations, we suggest completing the assessment of quality of life by concurrently using additional validated scales of patient empowerment or depression.
What effect do mycotoxins, cell wall components, enzymes and other mold components and metabolites have on our health?
Authors: Hurraß Julia , Teubel Rabea , Fischer Guido , Heinzow Birger , Wiesmüller Gerhard A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe AWMF (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies) mold guideline “Medical clinical diagnostics for indoor mold exposure”—Update 2023 [44] concludes that there is limited or presumed evidence of a link between indoor dampness/mold exposure and health problems. However, there is inadequate or insufficient evidence for an association between indoor dampness/mold exposure and the environmental medical syndromes sick building syndrome (SBS), multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Newly coined terms, such as biotoxicosis and mold and vapor hypersensitivity syndrome (MDHS) or volatoxins, suggest a nosological specificity of a pathophysiological connection for which, however, there is no evidence to date. The background to this assessment is presented in this paper.
Developing and Implementing a Training Programme for Medical Students to Become Peer Educators in Simulation-Based Education
Authors: Roche Adam F. , Jagiella-Lodise Olivia , Kirrane Rebecca , Condron Claire M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeer assisted learning is a useful strategy for medical students to learn from one another in a safe, structured capacity. As a pilot, we designed a training programme in collaboration with medical students to equip them with the knowledge, skills and abilities to act effectively as peer educators in simulation-based education.
Study of the engineering performance of pipes buried in the soil
Authors: Attia Mahmoud Ali , Radwan Amr Mohamed , Hammad Amal , Farag Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the response of a flexible buried pipe to traffic load using laboratory experiments and numerical analysis. A series of laboratory tests and numerical simulations were performed to examine the effect of surface pressure, loading width, pipe type, pipe thickness, and burial depth on model response. In the experiments, a load was applied to the surface of a tank in which a pipe was buried. To gain a better understanding of the pipe's behavior, numerical simulations were performed using the finite element method; PLAXIS 2-D software. The results show that there is a good agreement between numerical and experimental test results. Furthermore, experimental and numerical analysis show that increasing burial depth reduces pipe deflection, increases soil surface settlement, and decreases pipe pressure, whereas increasing surface pressure increases all of the above parameters. Finally, equations were developed based on all numerical and experimental results to predict maximum stress on the pipe crown.
A Two-Temperature Nonlocal Poro-Thermoelastic Solid Via Higher-Order Time-Derivatives Model with Phase Lag
Authors: Said Samia M. , Othman Mohamed I. A. , Eldemerdash Mohamed G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The present study has depicted the effect of gravitational on a two-temperature nonlocal poro-thermoelastic solid.

Methods
The multi-phase-lag model and fractional derivatives are used to tackle the issue. Through normal mode analysis, analytical formulas for the variable fields are derived. Using appropriate boundary conditions, the physical fields are calculated and the numerical computations have been carried out with the help of MATLAB programming.

Results
Through a careful comparison of the numerical data, the impacts of gravity, fractional derivative order, and locatiy on the behavior of physical fields are described.

Conclusion
Physical variables are affected by nonlocal thermoelasticity, fractional derivative order as well as the gravity field.
A decision-making approach on control techniques for an inverted pendulum based on, neuro-fuzzy, indirect adaptive and PID controllers
Authors: de la Cruz-Alejo Jesus , Beatriz-Cuellar Hugo , Guillermo I. C. Alcocer , Ortega Agustin Mora 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe operation of an inverted pendulum and its respective type of control are affected by the change of the values of its internal parameters. Changes with high uncertainty result in responses with undesirable outputs. In this work, a comparison is presented for the control of an inverted pendulum to determine the operation and characteristics of three types of control systems: Neuro-Fuzzy Control (NFC), Indirect Adaptive Control (IAC) and a Proportional Integral Derivative control (PID). The study considers several indices such as stabilization time, rise time, mean square error, overshoots, convergence, computational load, error, mathematical requirements, and performance indices for control systems. To demonstrate its operation, the controls are implemented in hardware, one for the NFC and another for the IAC under an Arduino UNO platform. The results indicate that the NFC and IAC controls do not generate a transient or impulse response, only a small delay and the rise and stabilization time are minimal. While PID presents a transient response and overshoot, as well as a stabilization time to reach the steady state response.
Exploring the use of projected videos to test action matching from different perspectives in dogs
Authors: Fugazza Claudia , Higaki Fumi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDogs trained with the Do as I Do method can imitate human actions upon request, but their ability to match actions observed from different perspectives remains unknown. The use of 2D video stimuli may enable researchers to systematically manipulate the perspective from which demonstrations are observed, thereby widening the range of methods available to study cognitive skills related to imitation. In this study, we explore the possibility of using 2D stimuli to test action matching in dogs, including when demonstrations are seen from different perspectives. We examined two dogs’ imitative performance using videos projected on a screen; while, the owner interacted with the dog remotely through an online meeting software. The dogs were first trained to match human actions seen on a screen frontally, and then were tested when the projected demonstrations were seen frontally, from the side, and from above. Results revealed that both dogs matched the demonstrated actions from frontal and, notably, also from side perspectives, at least to some extent, consistent with familiarity of their daily interactions with humans. However, action matching from an above perspective presented challenges, indicating the potential influence of observational experience and highlighting the importance of perspective manipulation when investigating imitation abilities. These findings show that it is possible to use 2D videos to test imitation in dogs, thereby expanding the potential methodologies to study imitation and other related cognitive skills.
Long term trend of particulate matter in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and its association with introduction of environmental policies
Authors: Carino Hailey , Walsh Sydney , Shakya Kabindra M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince the 1970s, air quality has improved at the national level in the United States, coincident with the introduction of the Clean Air Act and other air pollution regulations at a greater frequency. We present a case study from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—the sixth most populous city in the United States. The main objectives of this study are to analyze long-term trends of particulate matter (PM) from 1986 to 2021 in Philadelphia and to examine their association with the introduction of environmental policies relevant to air pollution at the federal, state, and local levels. We find that annual PM10 concentration decreased by 47% from 1986 to 2021 and annual PM2.5 concentration decreased by 31% from 2000 to 2021 in Philadelphia. We find that carbonaceous content (both elemental and organic carbon) has declined over the same period of 2000 to 2021, demonstrating its contribution to overall PM2.5 reduction in Philadelphia. In Philadelphia, high PM concentrations occur in the summer months; however, seasonal patterns have changed for PM10 in the last decade (2011–2020). Overall, PM reductions occurred over all seasons, with the greatest reductions occurring for PM2.5 during summer months and for PM10 during winter months. The Clean Air Act contributed to the creation of many regulatory policies that address unhealthy levels of PM. The introduction of various environmental policies that target the transportation sector has contributed to the reduction of PM levels in Philadelphia. Air quality would continue being improved by implementing such environmental policies specific to the emissions sectors.
A Systematic Literature Review on Climate Change Adaptation Planning for Archaeological Site Management and the Prevalence of Stakeholder Engagement
Authors: Hotchkiss Courtney , Seekamp Erin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article presents a systematic literature review of publications from 2014 to 2021 using “archaeological site” and “climate change” as keywords, in addition to several terms representing forms of stakeholder engagement. Articles were thematically coded to explore trends at the intersection of climate change, archaeology, and local and Traditional stakeholders. Results show that nearly half of the selected publications did not include local and Traditional stakeholder engagement in studies related to climate adaptation planning for archaeological sites. Synthesis of the results with insights gained from other literature on decolonizing archaeology showed that potential reasons for this gap include (1) the academic publishing culture, (2) archaeology as a predominantly Western discipline, and (3) increasingly available tools for climate change adaptation planning for archaeological sites. This article calls on the academic community to consider holistic stewardship using a landscape approach and to use climate change adaptation planning to elevate local and Traditional stakeholder input and values.
A Social Network Analysis of Traditional Labrets and Horizontal Relationships in the Salish Sea Region of Northwestern North America
Authors: Rorabaugh Adam N. , Shantry Kate A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the Salish Sea region, labret adornment with lip plugs signify particular identities, and they are interpreted as emblematic of both membership in horizontal relationships and achieved status for traditional cultures associated with labret wearing on the Northwest Coast (NWC) of North America. Labrets are part of a shared symbolic language in the region, one that we argue facilitated access to beneficial horizontal relationships (e.g., Angelbeck and Grier 2012; Rorabaugh and Shantry 2017). We employ social network analysis (SNA) to examine labrets from 31 dated site components in the Salish Sea region spanning between 3500 and 1500 cal BP. Following this period, the more widely distributed practice of cranial modification as a social marker of status developed in the region. The SNA of labret data shows an elaboration and expansion of antecedent social networks prior to the practice of cranial modification. Understandings of status on the NWC work backward from direct contact with Indigenous societies. Labret wearing begins at the Middle-Late Holocene transition, setting an earlier stage for the horizontal social relationships seen in the ethnohistoric period. These findings are consistent with the practice as signifying restricted group membership based on affinal ties and achieved social status.