bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving charge transport in poly(3‐hexylthiophene) transistors via blending with an alkyl‐substituted phenylene–thiophene–thiophene–phenylene molecule
Authors: Liscio Andrea , Bonini Massimo , Treossi Emanuele , Orgiu Emanuele , Kastler Marcel , Dötz Florian , Palermo Vincenzo , Samorì Paolo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA prototypical semiconducting bicomponent system consisting of a conjugated polymer, that is, poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), blended with a small thiophene containing conjugated molecule, that is, an alkyl‐substituted bisphenyl‐bithiophene [phenylene–thiophene–thiophene–phenylene (PTTP)], has been used as an electroactive active layer in field‐effect transistors (FETs). The self‐assembly of this bicomponent system at surfaces has been studied at different length scales, from the nanoscale to the macroscale, and compared with the behavior of monocomponent films of PTTP and P3HT. The correlation between morphology and electric properties of the semiconducting material is explored by fabricating prototypes of FETs varying the relative concentrations of the two‐component blend. The maximum charge carrier mobility value, achieved with a few percent of PTTP component, is not simply due to a uniform dispersion of the molecules in the polymer matrix, but rather to the generation of very long percolation paths, whose composition and electrical properties can be tuned with the PTTP concentration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Illness perceptions in cancer survivors: what is the role of information provision?
Authors: Husson Olga , Thong Melissa S. Y. , Mols Floortje , Oerlemans Simone , Kaptein Adrian A. , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to provide insight into the relationship between information provision and illness perceptions among cancer survivors.MethodsAll individuals diagnosed with lymphoma, multiple myeloma, endometrial or colorectal cancer between 1998 and 2008, as registered in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry, were eligible for participation. In total, 4446 survivors received a questionnaire including the EORTC‐QLQ‐INFO25 and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; 69% responded (n = 3080).ResultsLymphoma and multiple myeloma patients were most satisfied with the information they received, and they perceived to having received more information about their treatment and other services (after care) compared with colorectal and endometrial cancer survivors (p < 0.05). Multiple myeloma patients reported the highest scores (conceptualized their illness as very serious) on the illness perception scales.The perceived receipt of more disease‐specific information was associated with more personal and treatment control and a better understanding of the illness, whereas the perceived receipt of more information about other services was associated with more negative consequences of the illness on the patients' life, longer perceived duration of illness, less treatment control, more symptoms attributable to the illness, less understanding of, and stronger emotional reaction to the illness (p < 0.05). Satisfaction with the received information was associated with better illness perception on all subscales, except for personal control (p < 0.05).ConclusionImproving the patients' illness perceptions by tailoring the information provision to the needs of patients may help patients to get a more coherent understanding of their illness and will possibly lead to a better health‐related quality of life. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of the TLDc domain of oxidation resistance protein 2 from zebrafish
Authors: Blaise Mickaël , Alsarraf Husam M. A. B. , Wong Jaslyn E. M. M. , Midtgaard Søren Roi , Laroche Fabrice , Schack Lotte , Spaink Herman , Stougaard Jens , Thirup Søren 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe oxidation resistance proteins (OXR) help to protect eukaryotes from reactive oxygen species. The sole C‐terminal domain of the OXR, named TLDc is sufficient to perform this function. However, the mechanism by which oxidation resistance occurs is poorly understood. We present here the crystal structure of the TLDc domain of the oxidation resistance protein 2 from zebrafish. The structure was determined by X‐ray crystallography to atomic resolution (0.97Å) and adopts an overall globular shape. Two antiparallel β‐sheets form a central β‐sandwich, surrounded by two helices and two one‐turn helices. The fold shares low structural similarity to known structures. Proteins 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interactions between relay helix and Src homology 1 (SH1) domain helix drive the converter domain rotation during the recovery stroke of myosin II
Authors: Baumketner Andrij 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMyosin motor protein exists in two alternative conformations, prerecovery state M* and postrecovery state M**, on adenosine triphosphate binding. The details of the M*‐to‐M** transition, known as the recovery stroke to reflect its role as the functional opposite of the force‐generating power stroke, remain elusive. The defining feature of the postrecovery state is a kink in the relay helix, a key part of the protein involved in force generation. In this article, we determine the interactions that are responsible for the appearance of the kink. We design a series of computational models that contain three other segments, relay loop, converter domain, and Src homology 1 (SH1) domain helix, with which relay helix interacts and determine their structure in accurate replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. By conducting an exhaustive combinatorial search among different models, we find that: (1) the converter domain must be attached to the relay helix during the transition, so it does not interfere with other parts of the protein and (2) the structure of the relay helix is controlled by SH1 helix. The kink is strongly coupled to the position of SH1 helix. It arises as a result of direct interactions between SH1 and the relay helix and leads to a rotation of the C‐terminal part of the relay helix, which is subsequently transmitted to the converter domain. Proteins 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The potential utility of the leopard pleco (Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps) as a biological control of the ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
Authors: Picón‐Camacho Sara M , Leclercq Eric , Bron James E , Shinn Andrew P 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Infections of the ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876, can cause heavy mortalities in freshwater aquaculture systems. Following the ban of malachite green on fish for human consumption, currently available chemical therapies are only partially efficacious even when repeatedly applied. There is, therefore, an urgent necessity to identify more efficient and environmentally friendly control strategies. In the present study, the use of a substrate algae feeder leopard pleco, Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps, as a biological agent to control I. multifiliis infections on blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus, reared in a warm‐water, experimental tank‐based system is explored.RESULTS: The free‐swimming protomont stage of I. multifiliis demonstrated selective settlement behaviour towards biofilm‐covered substrates. Following a controlled exposure, the number of I. multifiliis trophonts establishing on naive blue tilapia, O. aureus, was 4.9 ± 0.4 when reared with G. gibbiceps, significantly lower than when reared in isolation (13.3 ± 0.9; ANOVA, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time the potential of G. gibbiceps as a biological control to reduce I. multifiliis on commercially valuable fish stocks in warm‐water systems. This likely originated from the grazing activity of G. gibbiceps on the biofilm layer upon which the multiplicative stage of I. multifiliis was shown preferentially to settle. Therapeutic strategies against pathogenic protozoan species like I. multifiliis could greatly benefit from incorporating, where appropriate, a biological control targeting the external multiplicative life stages of the parasite, potentially reducing the current dependence on chemical interventions. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing TIGGE multimodel forecasts with reforecast‐calibrated ECMWF ensemble forecasts
Authors: Hagedorn Renate , Buizza Roberto , Hamill Thomas M. , Leutbecher Martin , Palmer T. N. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractForecasts provided by the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) project were compared with reforecast‐calibrated ensemble predictions from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in extratropical regions. Considering the statistical performance of global probabilistic forecasts of 850 hPa and 2 m temperatures, a multimodel ensemble containing nine ensemble prediction systems (EPS) from the TIGGE archive did not improve on the performance of the best single‐model, the ECMWF EPS. However, a reduced multimodel system, consisting of only the four best ensemble systems, provided by Canada, the USA, the United Kingdom and ECMWF, showed an improved performance. The multimodel ensemble provides a benchmark for the single‐model systems contributing to the multimodel. However, reforecast‐calibrated ECMWF EPS forecasts were of comparable or superior quality to the multimodel predictions, when verified against two different reanalyses or observations. This improved performance was achieved by using the ECMWF reforecast dataset to correct for systematic errors and spread deficiencies. The ECMWF EPS was the main contributor for the improved performance of the multimodel ensemble; that is, if the multimodel system did not include the ECMWF contribution, it was not able to improve on the performance of the ECMWF EPS alone. These results were shown to be only marginally sensitive to the choice of verification dataset. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
The structure and evolution of lower stratospheric frontal zones. Part 1: Examples in northwesterly and southwesterly flow
Authors: Lang Andrea A. , Martin Jonathan E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe structure, evolution and dynamics of two lower stratospheric frontal zones are examined from a basic state variables perspective. The case studies highlight the asynchronous evolution of the lower stratospheric and upper tropospheric frontal portions of upper level jet‐front (ULJF) systems, as well as some substantial differences in lower stratospheric frontal development that occur in southwesterly and northwesterly flow. The evolution of the ULJF in northwesterly flow was characterized by an initially intense but weakening lower stratospheric front along with an initially weak but intensifying upper tropospheric front. Throughout the evolution, geostrophic cold air advection in cyclonic shear characterized a substantial portion of the lower stratospheric front. This circumstance supported subsidence through the local jet core within the cold upper troposphere, weakening the lower stratospheric front via tilting. This subsidence extended downward below the jet core where it is suggested to have played a role in the early stages of upper tropospheric frontogenesis. In the southwesterly flow case, the evolution of the ULJF was characterized by a strengthening lower stratospheric front and a weakening upper tropospheric front. A deep column of upward vertical motion resulted from the superposition of lower tropospheric ascent associated with convection along a surface cold front and upper tropospheric‐lower stratospheric (UTLS) ascent through the jet core coincident with geostrophic warm air advection in cyclonic shear along large sections of the lower stratospheric front. The UTLS ascent, located on the cold edge of the lower stratospheric baroclinicity, served to intensify the lower stratospheric frontal zone via tilting. The implications of these lower stratospheric frontal processes on the topography of the tropopause and downstream sensible weather are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Chosen‐ciphertext attack secure public key encryption with auxiliary inputs
Authors: Zhang Zongyang , Cao Zhenfu , Qian Haifeng 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe consider public key encryption (PKE) schemes with auxiliary input, that is, the adversary is given any computationally uninvertible function of the secret key. Previous result only achieves security under chosen‐plaintext attacks (CPA). In this paper, we construct public key encryption schemes that are secure under chosen‐ciphertext attacks even when the adversary is given any computationally uninvertible function of the secret key as an auxiliary input. We follow the Naor–Yung ‘double encryption’ paradigm and generally transform any chosen‐plaintext attack secure public key encryption into a chosen‐ciphertext attack secure one in the auxiliary input model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation and performance evaluation of a distributed conjugate gradient method in a cloud computing environment
Authors: Ismail Leila , Barua Rajeev 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYCloud computing is an emerging technology where information technology resources are provisioned to users in a set of a unified computing resources on a pay per use basis. The resources are dynamically chosen to satisfy a user service level agreement and a required level of performance. A cloud is seen as a computing platform for heavy load applications. Conjugate gradient (CG) method is an iterative linear solver that is used by many scientific and engineering applications to solve a linear system of algebraic equations. CG generates a heavy load of computation, and therefore, it slows the performance of the applications using it. Distributing CG is considered as a way to increase its performance. However, running a distributed CG, based on a standard API, such as Message Passing Interface, in a cloud face many challenges, such as the cloud processing and networking capabilities. In this work, we present an in‐depth analysis of the CG algorithm and its complexity to develop adequate distributed algorithms. The implementation of these algorithms and their evaluation in our cloud environment reveal the gains and losses achieved by distributing the CG. The performance results show that despite the complexity of the CG processing and communication, a speedup gain of at least 1157.7 is obtained using 128 cores compared with National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Supercomputing sequential execution. Given the emergence of clouds, the results in this paper analyzes performance issues when a generic public cloud, along with a standard development library, such as Message Passing Interface, is used for high‐performance applications, without the need of some specialized hardware and software. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating distances via connectivity in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Huang Baoqi , Yu Changbin , Anderson Brian D.O. , Mao Guoqiang 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTDistance estimation is vital for localization and many other applications in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we develop a method that employs a maximum‐likelihood estimator to estimate distances between a pair of neighboring nodes in a static wireless sensor network using their local connectivity information, namely the numbers of their common and non‐common one‐hop neighbors. We present the distance estimation method under a generic channel model, including the unit disk (communication) model and the more realistic log‐normal (shadowing) model as special cases. Under the log‐normal model, we investigate the impact of the log‐normal model uncertainty; we numerically evaluate the bias and standard deviation associated with our method, which show that for long distances our method outperforms the method based on received signal strength; and we provide a Cramér–Rao lower bound analysis for the problem of estimating distances via connectivity and derive helpful guidelines for implementing our method. Finally, on implementing the proposed method on the basis of measurement data from a realistic environment and applying it in connectivity‐based sensor localization, the advantages of the proposed method are confirmed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot Testing of a Population‐based Surgical Survey Tool in Sierra Leone
Authors: Groen Reinou S. , Samai Mohamed , Petroze Robin T. , Kamara Thaim B. , Yambasu Sahr E. , Calland James F. , Peter Kingham T. , Guterbock Thomas M. , Choo Barbara , Kushner Adam L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of surgical diseases in low income countries is thought to be very large, but to date no population‐based survey has documented the need. The Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) is a survey tool programmed for use with iPads to measure the prevalence of surgical conditions.MethodsTo assess the appropriateness and utility of SOSAS, a pilot test was undertaken in Sierra Leone. Local medical students were trained in sampling, interviewing, and SOSAS specifics. Five clusters of 10 households were randomly selected and 100 individuals were interviewed. Problems with the tool, iPad use, and respondent answers were collected. Daily debriefings with the enumerators aimed to identify problems and ways for improvement.ResultsAdministering SOSAS via iPads was found to be easy and facilitated data entry. Quick analysis of the data allowed for rapid feedback. Although the survey has 450 possible data entry points, by using conditional formatting, the enumerators were able to collect household demographics and interview two randomly selected household members in an average of 25 min. The survey methodology was acceptable, with a response rate of 96%. Five major sections were amended after the pilot.DiscussionPilot testing of SOSAS showed that a population‐based survey measuring the prevalence of surgical disease could be undertaken in a low income country. It is recommended that SOSAS be used with a larger sample size to calculate the prevalence of surgical disease in low income countries.
Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient measured by diffusion‐weighted MRI and clinicopathologic features in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Hayano Koichi , Miura Fumihiko , Amano Hodaka , Toyota Naoyuki , Wada Keita , Kato Kenichiro , Sano Keiji , Takeshita Koji , Aoyagi Tomoyoshi , Shuto Kiyohiko , Matsubara Hisahiro , Asano Takehide , Takada Tadahiro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground/purposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in patients with pancreatic cancer by comparing the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value with clinicopathologic features.MethodsTwenty‐two consecutive patients (12 men, 10 women; mean age 64.4 years) with pancreatic cancer underwent DWI before surgery. We retrospectively investigated the correlations between tumor ADC value and clinicopathologic features.ResultsApparent diffusion coefficient value was significantly lower for pancreatic cancer than for noncancerous tissue (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an optimal ADC cutoff value of 1.21 × 10−3 mm2/s to distinguish pancreatic cancer from noncancerous tissue. There was a significant negative correlation between ADC value and tumor size (r = ‐0.59, P = 0.004) and between ADC value and number of metastatic lymph nodes (r = ‐0.56, P = 0.007). Tumors with low ADC value had a significant tendency to show high portal venous system invasion (P = 0.02) and extrapancreatic nerve plexus invasion (P = 0.01).ConclusionsApparent diffusion coefficient value appears to be a promising parameter for detecting pancreatic cancer and evaluating the degree of malignancy of pancreatic cancer.
Combination small molecule PPT1 mimetic and CNS‐directed gene therapy as a treatment for infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Authors: Roberts Marie S. , Macauley Shannon L. , Wong Andrew M. , Yilmas Denis , Hohm Sarah , Cooper Jonathan D. , Sands Mark S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInfantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is a profoundly neurodegenerative disease of children caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme palmitoyl protein thioesterase‐1 (PPT1). There is currently no effective therapy for this invariably fatal disease. To date, preclinical experiments using single treatments have resulted in incremental clinical improvements. Therefore, we determined the efficacy of CNS‐directed AAV2/5‐mediated gene therapy alone and in combination with the systemic delivery of the lysosomotropic PPT1 mimetic phosphocysteamine. Since CNS‐directed gene therapy provides relatively high levels of PPT1 activity to specific regions of the brain, we hypothesized that phosphocysteamine would complement that activity in regions expressing subtherapeutic levels of the enzyme. Results indicate that CNS‐directed gene therapy alone provided the greatest improvements in biochemical and histological measures as well as motor function and life span. Phosphocysteamine alone resulted in only minor improvements in motor function and no increase in lifespan. Interestingly, phosphocysteamine did not increase the biochemical and histological response when combined with AAV2/5‐mediated gene therapy, but it did result in an additional improvement in motor function. These data suggest that a CNS‐directed gene therapy approach provides significant clinical benefit, and the addition of the small molecule PPT1 mimetic can further increase that response.
Predicting Latent Class Scores for Subsequent Analysis
Authors: Petersen Janne , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Budtz-Jørgensen Esben , Groes Larsen Klaus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLatent class regression models relate covariates and latent constructs such as psychiatric disorders. Though full maximum likelihood estimation is available, estimation is often in three steps: (i) a latent class model is fitted without covariates; (ii) latent class scores are predicted; and (iii) the scores are regressed on covariates. We propose a new method for predicting class scores that, in contrast to posterior probability-based methods, yields consistent estimators of the parameters in the third step. Additionally, in simulation studies the new methodology exhibited only a minor loss of efficiency. Finally, the new and the posterior probability-based methods are compared in an analysis of mobility/exercise.
ON PERIODIC SOLUTIONS FOR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS INVOLVING THE DISTRIBUTIONAL HENSTOCK–KURZWEIL INTEGRAL
Authors: LIU WEI , YE GUOJU , WANG YING , ZHOU XUEYUAN 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study the existence of periodic solutions and the topological structure of the solution set of first-order differential equations involving the distributional Henstock–Kurzweil integral. The distributional Henstock–Kurzweil integral is a general integral, which includes the Lebesgue and Henstock–Kurzweil integrals. The main results extend some previously known results in the literature.