bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of marketing knowledge in small and medium‐sized IJVs
Authors: Il Park Byung , Whitelock Jeryl , Giroud Axèle 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effects of compatible characteristics between parent firms on the extent to which international joint ventures (IJVs) acquire marketing knowledge. Compatible organisational characteristics are a particularly important component for absorptive capacity in that it may play a pivotal role in extending the prior relevant knowledge base and promoting a favourable learning environment. A series of hypotheses based on the literature is tested, which suggests that: there is a close association between IJV size and the level of knowledge acquisition, and compatible characteristics between parents positively influence marketing knowledge acquisition in IJVs.Design/methodology/approachThe data were obtained by a survey. Questionnaires were posted to the CEOs of IJVs in Korea. A total of 688 questionnaires were sent out and 128 were returned, giving a response rate of 18.6 per cent.FindingsThe paper finds that the marginal differences in mean values indicate that firm size does not significantly influence the extent of knowledge acquisition in IJVs. A series of regression analyses was undertaken and it was found that the impact of compatible organisational culture on knowledge acquisition was positive and significant.Research limitations/implicationsThere are some limitations to the study. First, the data used were collected from only one country. Second, only marketing skills were considered, leaving aside other important types of knowledge that can contribute to IJV operations. Third, the measurement used for the acquisition of marketing knowledge has some drawbacks, in that it is based on the perceptual judgements of key managers, without employing objective measurements. In addition, the relatively low response rate and the low number of responses from large firms are clearly further limitations.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that compatible culture should be a crucial partner selection criterion for both local and foreign firms.Originality/valueVery few studies have analysed small and medium‐sized IJVs, and fewer have focused on marketing knowledge acquisition particularly in a dynamically energetic environment (South Korea in this case). The paper also contributes to the current literature by confirming the positive relationship between compatible organisational culture and marketing knowledge acquisition.
Production of natural fruity flavour in dairy foods
Authors: Liu Shao‐Quan , Crow Vaughan L. , Holland Ross 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate in situ production of aroma‐active esters in dairy foods so as to improve flavour and to produce fruity flavour concentrate.Design/methodology/approachLipase, ethanol or bacterial cultures are added to dairy media (milk, cream or cheese) and incubated for a period of time (from hours to months). Samples are then taken and analysed for aroma‐active esters using gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS).FindingsAnalyses of samples show that significant levels of ethyl esters of fatty acids are produced in milk, cream, enzyme‐modified cheese and natural cheese. All the dairy foods possess an intense pleasant fruity aroma.Originality/valueThis is a natural way to generate fruity flavours in dairy foods to enhance flavour and thus, consumer acceptance. The fruity flavour concentrate can also be used as a flavouring ingredient in dairy and non‐dairy food applications. Natural pure esters may also be extracted, separated and concentrated for wider flavour and fragrance applications. This approach may provide a cost‐effective solution to the increasing surplus of milk fat.
Food habits of university nutrition students: pilot study
Authors: Al‐Khamees Nedaa A. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a present‐oriented combined evaluation/intervention approach to nutrition education.Design/methodology/approachAfter being given individual instruction in how to calculate servings, allocate items to food groups and identify food additives, all students in nutrition courses at Kuwait University are asked to complete tables with amounts of food items consumed in a typical day and of symptoms suffered.FindingsMost consume less vegetables, healthy fats and water than recommended, a bare majority the recommended amount of fruit, while 86.5 per cent eat more than the recommended limit of sweets and fatty foods. Most consume at least one emulsifier, preservative and artificial colour. All record at least one symptom. In individual post‐evaluation discussion with each student, many students are surprised at how far their diets deviate from the ideal, and many are concerned that symptoms suffered might be related to sub‐optimal diet.Research limitations/implicationsThe numbers are small, and it remains to be seen if the results can be generalised. Also, the perceived benefits in knowledge and application require follow‐up study.Originality/valueThis appears to be the first study of its kind. Besides the documentation of the food habits of this group, its value lies in directing the attention of those interested in nutrition education to a possibly efficacious approach.
Healthy food options and advertising in Greece
Authors: Batrinou Anthimia M. , Kanellou Anastassia 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate how healthy food options recommended by the Mediterranean diet pyramid are actually consumed and advertised.Design/methodology/approachThree types of food consumptions in Greece are compared, the diet recommended by the Mediterranean diet pyramid, the actual consumption as was presented by the Data Food NEtwortking project and the advertising expenditure spent in the food sector. Data are presented in the form of a “food advertising pyramid”, equivalent to the food choices pyramids.FindingsComparison of the “food advertising pyramid” with the Mediterranean food pyramid reveals that the two pyramids have a somehow reverse relationship, meaning that the recommended for frequent consumption “healthy” food categories of the Mediterranean diet pyramid (placed at the base of the pyramid such as cereals, fruits and vegetables) were the least advertised by the food industry, and the less “healthy” options (dairy and sugary products) were the most advertised. This trend was more evident in advertisements targeted to children. An exception was the high advertising of yoghurt, a probiotic product considered to be a healthy food option.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper could be useful to nutritionists and national health authorities who should take into consideration the impact of food advertisement upon their strategy for healthy nutrition and prevention of obesity in childhood.
Investigation on Turkish consumers regarding their attitudes towards grammatical styles, knowledge and compliance of nutrition messages
Authors: Söyler Gönül , Nehir El Sedef 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how Turkish consumers’ attitudes toward grammatical styles of the same nutrition message affect persuasiveness; to determine the consumers’ ability to comply with the nutrition messages and to know possible health benefits of them; and to examine nutrient claims on food packages with information that will help consumers to make healthy diet choices.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire, comprising eight different grammatical styles of a nutrition message for each kind of food or food products, is applied to randomly to 207 subjects. Another questionnaire is designed including nutritional messages. Subjects (n = 200) are asked about their frequency of compliance and how this behavior is beneficial to health. In total, 5,200 food products are scanned for nutrition labels on packages in four hypermarkets. All the nutrient claims found are recorded as well as the wording.FindingsThere are significant effects of grammatical style on persuasiveness, except for meat products. Subjects report that rhetorical question using “how about” in the third message provokes them most. High proportions of subjects have heard of the written nutrition recommendations before. However subjects’ frequencies of compliance with recommendations are low. The relation between compliance and knowledge scores for message 1, 2, 3 and 4 are significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Of 5,200 foods scanned, 266 foods are recorded for nutrient claims. Fat claims are the most frequent type of nutrient claims; 71 foods have numerical claims; 179 foods have adjectival claims and 16 have both claims.Originality/valueThere have not been any studies on frequency of application of nutrition labeling, consumer attitudes and knowledge of nutrition messages regarding Turkey.
Is a plate model being followed by the pupils? Nine hypotheses
Authors: Tikkanen Irma 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test nine hypotheses whether pupils follow a plate model when they choose their school meals at Finnish comprehensive schools.Design/methodology/approachThe paper introduces nine theoretical cviews to school meals and a plate model. The empirical data were collected in 2007 from four comprehensive schools in Finland. The nine hypotheses utilizing data from 168 pupils’ self‐reported school meal choices are tested by using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.FindingsIn total, six hypotheses are accepted and three are rejected. The findings indicate that the pupils partially follow the plate model when they choose their school meals.Practical implicationsThis paper has the following implication. We have to further increase the pupils’ knowledge on school meals and its role to maintain good health and prevent health problems, as well as nutrition information related to food choices.Originality/valueIn the previous research school meals have been studied from multiple theoretical views. This paper suggests that a broader theoretical focus on the pupils will further increase understanding of their food choices.
Academic achievement, BMI, and fast food intake of American and Japanese college students
Authors: Kobayashi Futoshi 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between grade point average (GPA), body mass index (BMI), and fast food intake, and to test five different hypotheses regarding these target variables.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 57 American and 72 Japanese college students are recruited from two different universities and the participants provide their gender, age, weekly fast food intake, GPA, and their actual height and weight are measured.FindingsIt is found that GPA is negatively correlated with BMI and fast food intake, and BMI and fast food intake are positively correlated in the American sample. A negative correlation between GPA and fast food intake is also found in the Japanese sample. Although no differences of GPA are found in regard to the physiques of both American and Japanese samples, a marginally significant difference of GPA is found in the American sample in regard to their fast food intake. In the Japanese sample, a significant difference of GPA is found only in women, but not in men regarding their fast food intake.Research limitations/implicationsPeople may need to consider possibly negative implications of fast food intake upon academic achievement of college students. There might be cultural differences in the meaning of fast food consumption between the USA and Japan.Originality/valueThe present study is the first cross‐cultural study to investigate the relationship between physique, fast food consumption, and academic achievement of American and Japanese college students.
The wear behavior of mild steel under vertical vibration
Authors: Chowdhury M.A. , Helali M.M. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effect of external vertical vibration on wear property of mild steel.Design/methodology/approachA pin‐on‐disc apparatus capable of vibrating the test samples in a vertical direction is designed and fabricated. The experimental setup has the ability to vary the amplitudes and frequencies of vibration while velocity of vibration is kept constant. During the experiment, the frequency and amplitude of vibration are varied from 0 to 500 Hz and 0 to 200 μm, respectively.FindingsResults show that the wear rate decreases with the increase of amplitude and frequency of vibration for mild steel. These results are analyzed by dimensional analysis to correlate the wear rate with sliding velocity, normal load, frequency and amplitude of vibration. The experimental results are also compared with those available in literature and simple physical explanations are provided. Considering the lack of correlation between wear rate and other vibration‐related operating parameters, the present research is started to find out suitable correlation and a way of reducing wear rate by applying known frequency and amplitude of vibration at a particular direction.Practical implicationsIt is expected that the applications of these results will contribute to the improvement of different concerned mechanical systems.Originality/valueThe paper can be used for design‐related purposes.
Joining of stainless steel and copper materials with friction welding
Authors: Sahin Mumin 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate mechanical and metallurgical variations at interfaces of commercial austenitic‐stainless steel and copper materials welded by friction welding.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, austenitic‐stainless commercial steel and copper materials are welded using the friction welding method. The optimum parameters are obtained for the joints. The joints are applied to the tensile and micro‐hardness tests. Then, micro‐ and macro‐photos of the joints are examined.FindingsIt is found that some of the welds show poor strength depending on some accumulation of alloying elements at the interface result of temperature rise and the existence of intermetallic layers.Research limitations/implicationsIt would be interesting to search about the toughness values and fatigue behaviour of the joints. It could be a good idea for future work to concentrate on the friction welding of these materials.Practical implicationsFriction welding can be achieved at high‐production rates and therefore is economical in operation. In applications where friction welding has replaced other joining processes, the production rate has been increased substantially.Originality/valueThe main value of this paper is to contribute to the literature on friction welding of dissimilar materials.
Effects of friction disc surface groove on speed‐regulating start
Authors: Meng Qingrui , Hou Youfu 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the mechanism of effect of surface groove on speed‐regulating start.Design/methodology/approachThis paper investigates numerically and analytically the torque transfer and load capacity of oil film between separator and friction disc with grooves commonly used at present by solving simultaneous equations: modified Reynolds, energy, and temperature‐viscosity equations.FindingsThe results show friction discs with wider and deeper groove are not suitable for speed‐regulating start. To improve performance of speed‐regulating start, distribution and size of surface groove should be designed to obtain ascending trend of oil film load capacity during startup process.Originality/valueThis paper reveals the mechanism of effect of surface groove on speed‐regulating start and facilitates the conceptual design of speed‐regulating start control system.
Born digital? Pedagogy and computer‐assisted learning
Authors: Clarke Thomas , Clarke Elizabeth 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine the impact of the shift to a knowledge society, where information and communication technology (ICT) and the widening spread of internationally distributed information are creating a “skill revolution”, as O'Hara suggests, there is a widening culture mismatch between what members of the knowledge society need to succeed and what current systems of higher education are geared to offer and to adequately prepare people and communities to thrive in the global knowledge society.Design/methodology/approachFor universities, as the scope and complexity of the actual business environment grows, the changing landscape of business education needs to come to terms with a developing global environment that has impacted on business, demographics and culture which demands a change in managerial skills to lead sustainable enterprise.FindingsStudents need to master higher‐order cognitive, affective, and social skills not central to mature industrial societies, but vital in a knowledge based economy that include “thriving on chaos” (making rapid decisions based on incomplete information to resolve novel situations); the ability to collaborate with a diverse team – face‐to‐face or across distance – to accomplish a task; creating, sharing, and mastering knowledge through filtering a sea of quasi‐accurate information.Originality/valueThese skills, according to Galerneau and Zibit, are “the skills for the twenty‐first century”, as they are “the skills that are necessary to succeed in an ever changing global society where communications is ubiquitous and instantaneous, and where software tools allow for a range of creative and collaborative options that yield new patterns and results that we are only beginning to see”.
Online self‐ and peer assessment for groupwork
Authors: Thompson Darrall , McGregor Ian 
Published: October 2009

PurposeGroup‐based tasks or assignments, if well designed, can yield benefits for student employability and other important attribute developments. However there is a fundamental problem when all members of the group receive the same mark and feedback. Disregarding the quality and level of individual contributions can seriously undermine many of the educational benefits that groupwork can potentially provide. This paper aims to describe the authors' research and practical experiences of using self and peer assessment in an attempt to retain these benefits.Design/methodology/approachBoth authors separately used different paper‐based methods of self and peer assessment and then used the same web‐based assessment tool. Case studies of their use of the online tool are described in Business Faculty and Design School subjects. Student comments and tabular data from their self and peer assessment ratings were compared from the two Faculties.FindingsThe value of anonymity when using the online system was found to be important for students. The automatic calculation of student ratings facilitated the self and peer assessment process for large classes in both design and business subjects. Students using the online system felt they were fairly treated in the assessment process as long as it was explained to them beforehand. Students exercised responsibility in the online ratings process by not over‐using the lowest rating category. Student comments and analysis of ratings implied that a careful and reflective evaluation of their group engagement was achieved online compared with the paper‐based examples quoted.Research limitations/implicationsThis was not a control group study as the subjects in business and design were different for both paper‐based and online systems. Although the online system used was the same (SPARK), the group sizes, rating scales and self and peer assessment criteria were different in the design and business cases.Originality/valueThe use of paper‐based approaches to calculate a fair distribution of marks to individual group members was not viable for the reasons identified. The article shows that the online system is a very viable option, particularly in large student cohorts where students are unlikely to know one another.
Learning outcomes from business simulation exercises
Authors: Clarke Elizabeth 
Published: October 2009

PurposeHigh order leadership, problem solving skills, and the capacity for innovation in new markets, and technologically complex and multidimensional contexts, are the new set of skills that are most valued by companies and employers alike. Business simulation exercises are one way of enhancing these skills. This article aims to examine the capacity of business simulations to deliver the learning outcomes they have the potential to achieve, and the challenges faced in implementing these technologies.Design/methodology/approachA literature of the learning outcomes from business simulations, and critical assessment of the challenges and problems involved in the implementation of learning technologies.FindingsTraditionally, postgraduate business education programs have adopted the functional silos that provide the organizational framework for the design of the curriculum. Business problems rarely present themselves in the compartmentalized silo supply‐driven disciplinary framework. The question of how to achieve greater convergence of the business curriculum programs that offer students more practical oriented experiences to develop their conceptual understanding in cross functional decision making and analytical thinking abilities through “learning by doing” of real business problems, has concerned business education for a considerable time.Originality/valueThe article shows that the prospect of adopting a broad‐based, integrative approach that goes beyond the conventional lectures and case studies complemented by business simulations and emerging technologies has significant potential to resolve the traditional problems of business education convergence of the curriculum.
Integrating blended teaching and learning to enhance graduate attributes
Authors: Hermens Antoine , Clarke Elizabeth 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of computer based business simulations in higher education as innovative tools of teaching and learning to enhance students' practical understanding of real business problems. Whether the integration of business simulation technologies will enable significant innovation in teaching and learning and will significantly enhance the quality and efficiency of traditional management teaching and learning methods is to be examined.Design/methodology/approachPrevious research has established that simulations can be an effective integrative learning mechanism for the student participant seeking to understand management concepts, techniques and practices. A number of prominent training institutions have adopted simulations in order to increase business acumen, financial literacy and build competency.FindingsThe research carried out seems to confirm that simulations can be powerful, engaging, dynamic and effective teaching and learning tools. The immersive worlds of simulations can be designed to replicate actual economic, market and business events where students experiment in real time with alignment and commitment surrounding complex corporate strategies, business models and initiatives.Originality/valueTo achieve the required convergence of the business curriculum, the paper suggests that a broad‐based integrative approach needs to be adopted to overcome the silo effect of supply driven disciplinary models, which have traditionally prevailed in business education.