bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A brief dementia screener suitable for use by non‐specialists in resource poor settings—the cross‐cultural derivation and validation of the brief Community Screening Instrument for Dementia
Authors: Prince M. , Acosta D. , Ferri C. P. , Guerra M. , Huang Y. , Jacob K. S. , Llibre Rodriguez J. J. , Salas A. , Sosa A. L. , Williams J. D. , Hall K. S. ,   the 10/66 Dementia Group
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveBrief screening tools for dementia for use by non‐specialists in primary care have yet to be validated in non‐western settings where cultural factors and limited education may complicate the task. We aimed to derive a brief version of cognitive and informant scales from the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI‐D) and to carry out initial assessments of their likely validity.MethodsWe applied Mokken analysis to CSI‐D cognitive and informant scale data from 15 022 participants in representative population‐based surveys in Latin America, India and China, to identify a subset of items from each that conformed optimally to item response theory scaling principles. The validity coefficients of the resulting brief scales (area under ROC curve, optimal cutpoint, sensitivity, specificity and Youden's index) were estimated from data collected in a previous cross‐cultural validation of the full CSI‐D.ResultsSeven cognitive items (Loevinger H coefficient 0.64) and six informant items (Loevinger H coefficient 0.69) were selected with excellent hierarchical scaling properties. For the brief cognitive scale, AUROC varied between 0.88 and 0.97, for the brief informant scale between 0.92 and 1.00, and for the combined algorithm between 0.94 and 1.00. Optimal cutpoints did not vary between regions. Youden's index for the combined algorithm varied between 0.78 and 1.00 by region.ConclusionA brief version of the full CSI‐D appears to share the favourable culture‐ and education‐fair screening properties of the full assessment, despite considerable abbreviation. The feasibility and validity of the brief version still needs to be established in routine primary care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence and predictors of passive death wishes in Europe: a 2‐year follow‐up of the survey of health, ageing, and retirement in Europe
Authors: Ayalon Liat 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated regional variations (South, Centre, and North of Europe) in passive death wishes (wish to die) and predictors of passive death wishes, using a cross‐national longitudinal design.MethodsThe Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is a cross national European survey of individuals over the age of 50 and their spouse of any age. This study relied on wave 1 and 2 of SHARE. Passive death wishes were evaluated using an item from the Euro‐D. A variety of clinical and sociodemographic variables were evaluated as potential predictors.ResultsThe rate of passive death wishes was significantly lower in Northern Europe (4.6%) than in Southern (8.5%) and Central Europe (7.0%). Older adults, females, those reporting more depressive symptoms, more medical conditions, and lower levels of hope in wave 1 were more likely to report passive death wishes in wave 2, unrelated to geographic region. In contrast, passive death wishes reported in wave 1 were a stronger risk for passive death wishes in wave 2 for Northern Europeans than for Southern Europeans.ConclusionsDespite notable geographic differences in the prevalence rate of passive death wishes, most predictors evaluated in the present study function similarly across the three European regions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 6‐month, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot discontinuation trial following response to haloperidol treatment of psychosis and agitation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Devanand D.P. , Pelton Gregory H. , Cunqueiro Karine , Sackeim Harold A. , Marder Karen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with psychosis or agitation that respond to haloperidol treatment, to evaluate the risk of relapse following discontinuation.MethodsIn outpatients with AD with symptoms of psychosis or agitation, responders to 20 weeks of haloperidol (0.5–5 mg daily) were randomized to a 24‐week, double‐blind pilot trial of discontinuation on placebo versus continuation haloperidol. Phase A response criteria were minimum 50% reduction in three target symptoms, and improvement on the Clinical Global Impression‐Change (CGI‐C) score for psychosis/agitation. Phase B relapse criteria required 50% worsening in target symptoms and on the CGI‐C. α = 0.1 was the significance criterion in this pilot study.ResultsOf 44 patients, 22 patients responded in Phase A. The sum score of target symptoms, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) psychosis and hostile suspiciousness factor scores, decreased in Phase A (p's < 0.001). Extrapyramidal signs increased in Phase A (p < 0.01). Of 22 responders, 21 patients entered Phase B, and 20 had at least one follow‐up visit. Four of 10 patients (40%) on continuation haloperidol relapsed compared to eight of 10 patients on placebo (80%, χ2 = 3.3, p = 0.07). In survival analyses, time to relapse was shorter on placebo than haloperidol (χ2 = 4.1, p = 0.04).ConclusionsHaloperidol open treatment was efficacious, and relapse was greater on placebo than with haloperidol continuation. In patients with AD who have psychosis or agitation and respond to antipsychotic medication, the increased risk of relapse after discontinuation needs to be weighed against the side effects associated with continuing the medication. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of age on prevalence, type and diagnosis of personality disorder in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Stevenson Janine , Datyner Amy , Boyce Philip , Brodaty Henry 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine age‐related differences in personality disorder (PD) comorbidity and in their diagnosis in psychiatric inpatients.MethodsTwo hundred thirty‐one consenting adults consecutively admitted to inpatient psychiatry units and aged between the age of 18 and 100 were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I and II (SCID‐I and ‐II), after excluding cognitively impaired, non‐English speaking, short stay and respite patients. Hospital files were audited for clinical diagnoses, in particular for recorded PDs. Rates of PD prevalence and clinician diagnosis were compared for young (n = 76), middle‐age (n = 57) and older (n = 98) patients.ResultsSignificant personality comorbidity was evident at all ages, but rates were lowest in the older group. PD was present in 73.7% of young, 71.9% of middle‐age and 58.8% of older patients. Complex PD was more common in young patients. Only 19.8% of PDs were noted by their clinicians to have PD.ConclusionComorbid PD is common in psychiatric inpatient groups regardless of age but seldom diagnosed clinically. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy 2.0: Expanded indications in a tertiary care cancer center
Authors: Kim Alyn J. , Liu Jeffrey C. , Ganly Ian , Kraus Dennis H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) advantages include a smaller incision, less extensive surgical dissection, improved visualization secondary to rigid fiberoptics, and decreased postoperative pain. The aims of our study were to report our experience using expanded indications of MIVAT.MethodsA retrospective chart review of a single surgeon's initial experience was carried out at a tertiary academic cancer center.ResultsIn all, 53 patients were identified, of whom 40 underwent total thyroidectomy and 13 underwent hemithyroidectomy. Thyroid volume, nodule size, incision length, and surgical time were all examined. Most common pathology was well‐differentiated papillary thyroid cancer (69.8%): 42% of patients had evidence of thyroiditis found on pathology; 17% of patients had temporary vocal cord paralysis, with only 1 case of vocal cord paralysis persisting >6 months (1.9%). Six patients (11%) experienced temporary hypocalcemia, requiring postoperative calcium supplementation; no patients experienced permanent hypocalcemia.ConclusionsThe use of MIVAT with expanded indications shows complication rates comparable to those of traditional open thyroidectomy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Retrospective analysis of facial paralysis caused by ethanol sclerotherapy for facial venous malformation
Authors: Hu XiaoJie , Chen Da , Jiang ChengHong , Jin YunBo , Chen Hui , Ma Gang , Lin XiaoXi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundAbsolute ethanol sclerotherapy provides a reliable treatment for facial venous malformation, although facial nerve injury may occur after sclerotherapy. This study is a retrospective review of facial nerve dysfunction after sclerotherapy.MethodsA total of 91 patients with facial venous malformations accepted 288 ethanol sclerotherapy sessions. The facial nerve dysfunctions caused by the therapy were evaluated and analyzed.ResultsThere were 9 instances of facial nerve injury. For 18 sessions of sclerotherapy in the temporal region, 5.6% of patients experienced injury to the temporal branch; for 12 sessions in the zygomatic region, 41.7% of patients experienced injury to the zygomatic branch. After patients were treated with medication, 8 of 9 instances of nerve injury recovered.ConclusionsThe zygomatic and temporal branches of the facial nerve were the most vulnerable to injury after ethanol sclerotherapy. Surgeons are thus called on to pay more attention when performing ethanol sclerotherapy in those areas. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Hydrometeorology and structure of tropical montane cloud forests under contrasting biophysical conditions in north‐western Costa Rica
Authors: Häger A. , Dohrenbusch A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTropical cloud forests have received increasing attention because of their significance for freshwater supply. This study aimed to understand hydro‐meteorological gradients in relation to spatial changes in forest structure in north‐western Costa Rica. Seven climate stations (measuring rainfall, horizontal precipitation, throughfall, temperature and soil moisture) were installed along a 2·5 km transect between 1200 and 1500 m.a.s.l. on the Atlantic (windward) slope and the Pacific (leeward) slope of the Tilarán mountains. Forest structure was investigated on seven 10 × 50 m plots. Epiphytic vegetation was assessed on six trees at 1450 m and at 1200 m on the Pacific slope. Annual rainfall ranged from 3690 mm on the leeward slope to 6390 mm on the windward side. Horizontal precipitation was 3560 mm at the ridge, where it exceeded rainfall during the dry season, compared to 330 mm and 28 mm at the lowest windward and leeward plots, respectively. Throughfall remained below rainfall on the lower slopes but exceeded rainfall on the ridge. Soil water content ranged between 70% and 80% on the ridge top, where waterlogging occurred frequently. The studied forests were classified as lower montane rain forest, lower montane cloud forest and elfin cloud forest. The greatest canopy heights and basal areas occurred on the leeward slope between 1200 and 1450 m and at the lowest windward plot. Tree heights remained below 15 m on the ridge, where stilt roots occurred frequently. Near the ridge, epiphyte abundance and species richness were greater, compared to the lower leeward slope. These findings prove the importance of horizontal precipitation in the study area, confirm the important role of epiphytes as indicators for moisture gradients and elucidate the variability of forest structure under the given biophysical conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rainfall partitioning and cloud water interception in native forest and invaded forest in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park
Authors: Takahashi Mami , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Mudd Ryan G. , DeLay John K. , Nullet Michael A. , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn many Hawaiian forests, including cloud forests, native plant communities are being displaced by invasive tree species, possibly affecting rainfall partitioning and direct harvesting of cloud droplets by vegetation. In this study, the hydrological impacts of invasive species are examined, using measurements of rainfall (RF), throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF), and estimation of wet‐canopy evaporation and cloud water interception (CWI) by the canopy water balance approach in both native Metrosideros polymorpha‐dominated and invaded, Psidium cattleianum‐dominated forests within Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO). Canopy water storage capacity was found to be more than twice as great at the native site (1·86 mm) compared to the invaded site (0·85 mm). Annual RF, CWI, TF and SF were 3233, 1188, 3700 and 261 mm, respectively, for the native site; and 3735, 734, 3033 and 1091 mm, respectively, for the invaded site. Net RF (TF + SF) was 123 and 110% of RF, respectively, at the two sites. Annual evaporation of water from the wet canopy was also greater at the native site (464 mm) than at the invaded site (347 mm). Low canopy water storage capacity and the exceptionally high SF total at the invaded site are related to morphological characteristics and high stem density of the invasive P. cattleianum tree, which favour efficient transport of intercepted water to the ground via the stems. Despite its more peripheral location near the edge of the orographic cloud, CWI at the native site was higher. The characteristics of the native M. polymorpha tree may facilitate more effective harvesting of cloud water droplets, enhancing CWI at the site. Species invasion results in a lower proportion of RF reaching the forest floor (110 vs 123%) and becoming available for groundwater recharge, suggesting that invasion by P. cattleianum may have significant negative effects on Hawai'i's aquatic ecosystems and water resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of regional estimation error by canonical residual kriging
Authors: Kamali Nezhad M. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , Chokmani K. , Barbet M. , Bruneau P. , El. Adlouni S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVarious regional flood frequency analysis procedures are used in hydrology to estimate hydrological variables at ungauged or partially gauged sites. Relatively few studies have been conducted to evaluate the accuracy of these procedures and estimate the error induced in regional flood frequency estimation models. The objective of this paper is to assess the overall error induced in the residual kriging (RK) regional flood frequency estimation model. The two main error sources in specific flood quantile estimation using RK are the error induced in the quantiles local estimation procedure and the error resulting from the regional quantile estimation process. Therefore, for an overall error assessment, the corresponding errors associated with these two steps must be quantified. Results show that the main source of error in RK is the error induced into the regional quantile estimation method. Results also indicate that the accuracy of the regional estimates increases with decreasing return periods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal variation in cascade‐driven hyporheic exchange, northern Honduras
Authors: Fabian Mark W. , Endreny Theodore A. , Bottacin‐Busolin Andrea , Lautz Laura K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA characterization of hyporheic exchange for dry and wet season baseflow, as well as partially dewatered discharge, was done in Prieta Creek, a first‐order cascade in northern Honduras. The cascade had discharges from 1 to 15 l s−1, had average slopes of 12%, pool spacing of 3 m, and shallow substrate of sand and gravel. Tracer tests were conducted in a 15‐m sub‐reach, a length considered to be adequate for the experiment based on the DaI test, a ratio of exchange and transport processes. In the three tests, between 9 and 18% of tracer was not recovered, possibly due to entrainment in flowpaths passing beneath the downstream monitoring location. Tracer data were analysed by the one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage (OTIS) transient storage model (TSM) to derive standard exchange parameters, and by the solute transport in rivers (STIR) model to examine hyporheic residence time distributions (RTDs). The best fit of the observed tracer breakthrough curves was obtained by using the STIR model with a combination of two exponential RTDs to represent hyporheic retention. With increasing discharge, the OTIS model predicted increasing storage exchange fluxes and exchange coefficients and decreasing storage zone areas and transient storage times, which are trends supported by riparian and streambed piezometric head data. Riparian water levels rose during the transition from the dry to wet season, which could constrict the hyporheic storage zone. Thirteen of the 19 streambed piezometers recorded seasonal changes in hydraulic gradients and flux direction, with fewer yet stronger upwelling zones during higher discharges. The MODFLOW model missed the observed seasonal changes, possibly due to subtle changes in the seasonal change in water surface profiles. We conclude that partially dewatered dry season exchange, compared to wet season exchange, was initiated and terminated with smaller pressure gradients and, in different streambed locations, was smaller in volume, had longer residence times, and may connect with deeper and longer flow paths. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salivary metabolite signatures of oral cancer and leukoplakia
Authors: Wei Jie , Xie Guoxiang , Zhou Zengtong , Shi Peng , Qiu Yunping , Zheng Xiaojiao , Chen Tianlu , Su Mingming , Zhao Aihua , Jia Wei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOral cancer, one of the six most common human cancers with an overall 5‐year survival rate of <50%, is often not diagnosed until it has reached an advanced stage. The aim of the current study is to explore salivary metabolomics as a disease diagnostic and stratification tool for oral cancer and leukoplakia and evaluate the potential of salivary metabolome for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Saliva metabolite profiling for a group of 37 OSCC patients, 32 oral leukoplakia (OLK) patients and 34 healthy subjects was performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis. The OSCC, OLK and healthy control groups demonstrate characteristic salivary metabolic signatures. A panel of five salivary metabolites including γ‐aminobutyric acid, phenylalanine, valine, n‐eicosanoic acid and lactic acid were selected using OPLS‐DA model with S‐plot. The predictive power of each of the five salivary metabolites was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves for OSCC. Valine, lactic acid and phenylalanine in combination yielded satisfactory accuracy (0.89, 0.97), sensitivity (86.5% and 94.6%), specificity (82.4% and 84.4%) and positive predictive value (81.6% and 87.5%) in distinguishing OSCC from the controls or OLK, respectively. The utility of salivary metabolome diagnostics for oral cancer is successfully demonstrated in this study and these results suggest that metabolomics approach complements the clinical detection of OSCC and stratifies the two types of lesions, leading to an improved disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Alcohol drinking and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with focus on light‐drinkers and never‐smokers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Islami Farhad , Fedirko Veronika , Tramacere Irene , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Jenab Mazda , Scotti Lorenza , Rota Matteo , Corrao Giovanni , Garavello Werner , Schüz Joachim , Straif Kurt , Negri Eva , Boffetta Paolo , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractQuantification of the association between alcohol drinking and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an open issue, particularly among light alcohol drinkers, never‐smokers, and Asian populations, in which some high‐risk polymorphisms in alcohol metabolizing genes are more prevalent. To address these issues, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis using 40 case‐control and 13 cohort studies that reported on the risk associated with alcohol drinking for at least three levels of consumption. In studies adjusted for age, sex, and tobacco smoking, the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between light alcohol drinking (≤12.5 g/d) and risk of ESCC was 1.38 (1.14–1.67). The association was slightly stronger in Asian countries than in other populations. The adjusted RRs (95% CIs) were 2.62 (2.07–3.31) for moderate drinking (>12.5–<50 g/d) and 5.54 (3.92–7.28) for high alcohol intake (≥50 g/d); the RRs were slightly higher in non‐Asian populations. In prospective studies, the RR (95% CI) was 1.35 (0.92–1.98) for light, 2.15 (1.55–2.98) for moderate, and 3.35 (2.06–5.46) for high alcohol intakes; light drinking showed an association with ESCC in Asia (five studies) but not in other regions (three studies). Among never‐smokers (nine studies), the RR (95% CI) was 0.74 (0.47–1.16) for light, 1.54 (1.09–2.17) for moderate, and 3.09 (1.75–5.46) for high intakes. This meta‐analysis further corroborates the association of moderate and high alcohol intake with risk of ESCC and provides risk estimates based on multiple prospective studies. Light alcohol intake appears to be associated to ESCC mainly in studies in Asia, which suggests a possible role of genetic susceptibility factors.
ADAM15 to α5β1 integrin switch in colon carcinoma cells: A late event in cancer progression associated with tumor dedifferentiation and poor prognosis
Authors: Toquet Claire , Colson Aude , Jarry Anne , Bezieau Stéphane , Volteau Christelle , Boisseau Pierre , Merlin Didier , Laboisse Christian L , Mosnier Jean‐François 
Published: December 2010

AbstractADAM15, a member of the A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family, is a membrane protein containing an adhesion domain that binds to α5β1 integrin through a unique RGD domain. ADAM15, expressed by human normal colonocytes, is involved in epithelial wound healing and tissue remodeling in inflammatory bowel disease. The aims of our study were (i) to analyze ADAM15 expression in a series of colon carcinomas and paired normal mucosa and (ii) to integrate the spatial relationship of ADAM15 with its binding partners α5β1 integrin, a mesenchymal marker, as well as with other adhesion molecules, α3β1 integrin and E‐cadherin. A series of 94 colon carcinomas of the non other specified category were graded according to the World Health Organization classification. Immunohistochemistry was performed on frozen tissue sections using antibodies directed to ADAM15, α5β1 and α3β1 integrins, and E‐cadherin. ADAM15 was quantified at the mRNA level. Finally, promoter methylation of ADAM15 was examined as well as the microsatellite instability status (MSS/MSI). Thirty‐six percent of colorectal carcinomas displayed a reduced expression of ADAM15 in cancer cells, confirmed at the mRNA level in most cases, without promoter methylation. ADAM15 down‐regulation was associated with histologically poorly differentiated carcinomas. In addition, it was associated with the acquisition of α5β1 by cancer cells and down‐regulation of α3β1 integrin and E‐cadherin. Finally this profile that includes characteristic of epithelial to mesenchymal transition is a late progression event of colon cancer with a poor prognosis.