bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Visceral Adiposity to Six-Year Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Apparently Healthy Men and Women
Authors: Rhéaume Caroline , Arsenault Benoit J. , Dumas Marie-Pierre , Pérusse Louis , Tremblay Angelo , Bouchard Claude , Poirier Paul , Després Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2011

Context:
Both excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels are associated with a deteriorated cardiometabolic risk profile.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to examine the respective contributions of changes in VAT accumulation vs. changes in CRF to 6-yr longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic risk markers.

Design, Settings, and Participants:
We conducted a prospective, population-based study with an average follow-up of 5.9 ± 0.8 yr. We followed 132 middle-aged participants from the Quebec Family Study (mean age, 35.3 ± 13.9 yr). VAT was measured by computed tomography, whereas the level of CRF was assessed by a submaximal physical working capacity test at baseline and at follow-up. A complete cardiometabolic risk profile, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin levels, C-reactive protein (n = 72), as well as a standard lipoprotein-lipid profile, was obtained at baseline and at follow-up.

Main Outcome Measures:
We measured changes in CRF, VAT, and cardiometabolic risk profile over 6 yr.

Results:
After adjusting for age and sex, 6-yr changes in VAT were negatively correlated with changes in CRF (r = −0.38; P &lt; 0.001). In a multivariate model that included age, sex, changes in VAT, changes in CRF, as well as baseline levels of the above cardiometabolic risk factors, 6-yr changes in VAT were the most important predictor of the change in the metabolic syndrome score (R2 = 13.2%; P &lt; 0.001). Adding 6-yr changes in CRF levels significantly improved the predictability of the model (R2 = 19.7%; P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Changes in both VAT and CRF levels observed over 6 yr are associated with changes in parameters of the lipoprotein-lipid profile, glucose-insulin homeostasis, and inflammatory markers. Thus, maintaining a low level of VAT and a high level of CRF are important targets for maintenance of cardiometabolic health.
Evaluation of two HbA1c point-of-care analyzers
Authors: Sánchez-Mora Catalina , Rodríguez-Oliva Manuel S. , Fernández-Riejos Patricia , Mateo Joaquín , Polo-Padillo Juan , Goberna Raimundo , Sánchez-Margalet Víctor 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background: Measurement of HbA1c is the most important parameter to assess glycemic control in diabetic patients. Different point-of-care devices for HbA1c are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate two point-of-care testing (POCT) analyzers (DCA Vantage from Siemens and Afinion from Axis-Shield). We studied the bias and precision as well as interference from carbamylated hemoglobin.

Methods: Bias of the POCT analyzers was obtained by measuring 53 blood samples from diabetic patients with a wide range of HbA1c, 4%–14% (20–130 mmol/mol), and comparing the results with those obtained by the laboratory method: HPLC HA 8160® Menarini. Precision was performed by 20 successive determinations of two samples with low 4.2% (22 mmol/mol) and high 9.5% (80 mmol/mol) HbA1c values. The possible interference from carbamylated hemoglobin was studied using 25 samples from patients with chronic renal failure.

Results: The means of the differences between measurements performed by each POCT analyzer and the laboratory method (95% confidence interval) were: 0.28% (p<0.005) (0.10–0.44) for DCA and 0.27% (p<0.001) (0.19–0.35) for Afinion. Correlation coefficients were: r=0.973 for DCA, and r=0.991 for Afinion. The mean bias observed by using samples from chronic renal failure patients were 0.2 (range –0.4, 0.4) for DCA and 0.2 (–0.2, 0.5) for Afinion. Imprecision results were: CV=3.1% (high HbA1c) and 2.97% (low HbA1c) for DCA, CV=1.95% (high HbA1c) and 2.66% (low HbA1c) for Afinion.

Conclusions: Both POCT analyzers for HbA1c show good correlation with the laboratory method and acceptable precision.
Soxhlet Extraction Determination of Composition of Synthetic Soils
Authors: Bardet Jean-Pierre , Sanchez Joseandres 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSynthetic soils are gradually replacing natural soils, e.g., sandy loams, in various types of sport and recreational surfaces, including horseracing tracks. Synthetic soils are made of a mixture of sand, binder (e.g., wax and polymer), fibers and rubber chips, which optimize the mechanical and hydraulic properties of natural soils so that they drain faster after rains, decrease risks of sport injuries, and improve sport performances. Synthetic surfaces are in early stages of development and often do not behave as intended mainly due to uncontrollable variation in composition. Until now, there was no laboratory procedure to determine the composition of these mixtures. Hereafter a laboratory method is proposed to determine the composition of synthetic soils, including (1) water content; (2) polymeric binder content; and (3) fiber and filler content. The main laboratory procedure uses Soxhlet extraction to determine binder content, and a solvent, e.g., Toluene, to dissolve the binder and separate it from other constituents. The Soxhlet extraction procedure was successfully applied to all tested types of synthetic soils in horseracing tracks.
A prospective study of sex steroids, sex hormone-binding globulin, and non-vertebral fractures in women and men: the Tromsø Study
Authors: Bjørnerem Åshild , Ahmed Luai Awad , Joakimsen Ragnar Martin , Berntsen Gro K Rosvold , Fønnebø Vinjar , Jørgensen Lone , Øian Pål , Seeman Ego , Straume Bjørn 
Published: February 2011

The authors apologise for errors in the results reported in their above titled article published in the European Journal of Endocrinology 2007 157 119–125.Due to a technical error, a number of fractures were not included in the database. In the cohort of 2750 participants, a total of 487 suffered a non-vertebral fracture (not 386 as stated in the article), and the incidence was 30.0 in women and 11.8 in men per 1000 person-years, respectively.The main results were unchanged after re-analysis and no significant association was present between sex steroids and risk of non-vertebral fractures after adjustment for age in both sexes. Each 1 S.D. higher SHBG increased the risk of non-vertebral fracture by about 20% in women (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.03–1.29) and men (HR 1.18; 95% CI 0.99–1.41) after adjustment for age, height, weight, smoking and physical activity. After adjustment for BMD, the increased risk was attenuated and no longer statistical significant in women (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96–1.21) and men (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.94–1.34) respectively.
Metabolic syndrome and the effect of testosterone treatment in young men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Sonmez A , Haymana C , Bolu E , Aydogdu A , Tapan S , Serdar M , Altun B , Barcin C , Taslipinar A , Meric C , Uckaya G , Kutlu M 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveThe relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and hypogonadism has always been investigated in study groups confounded with aging, obesity or chronic metabolic disorders. So far, there has been no data about the presence of MS in young hypogonadal patients. Also, there is controversial data about the metabolic effects of testosterone replacement therapy. We investigated the frequency of MS in treatment-naïve, young men with congenital hypogonadal hypogonadism (CHH). We also searched for the effect of testosterone replacement on the metabolic profiles of this specific patient group.DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsA total of 332 patients (age 21.68±2.09 years) were enrolled. The control group included 395 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy young men (age 21.39±1.49 years). Standard regimen of testosterone esters (250 mg/3 weeks) was given to 208 patients.ResultsMS was more prevalent in CHH (P<0.001) according to healthy controls. The patients had higher arterial blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (P<0.001 for all), fasting glucose (P=0.02), fasting insulin (P=0.004), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P=0.002) and lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P<0.001) levels. After 5.63±2.6 months of testosterone treatment, the BMI, WC (P<0.001 for both), systolic blood pressure (P=0.002) and triglyceride level (P=0.04) were increased and the total and HDL cholesterol levels were decreased (P=0.02 andP<0.001 respectively).ConclusionsThis study shows increased prevalence of MS and unfavorable effects of testosterone replacement in young patients with CHH. Long-term follow-up studies are warranted to investigate the cardiovascular safety of testosterone treatment in this specific population.
The 19 Genomes of Drosophila: A BAC Library Resource for Genus-Wide and Genome-Scale Comparative Evolutionary Research
Authors: Song Xiang , Goicoechea Jose Luis , Ammiraju Jetty S S , Luo Meizhong , He Ruifeng , Lin Jinke , Lee So-Jeong , Sisneros Nicholas , Watts Tom , Kudrna David A , Golser Wolfgang , Ashley Elizabeth , Collura Kristi , Braidotti Michele , Yu Yeisoo , Matzkin Luciano M , McAllister Bryant F , Markow Therese Ann , Wing Rod A 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe genus Drosophila has been the subject of intense comparative phylogenomics characterization to provide insights into genome evolution under diverse biological and ecological contexts and to functionally annotate the Drosophila melanogaster genome, a model system for animal and insect genetics. Recent sequencing of 11 additional Drosophila species from various divergence points of the genus is a first step in this direction. However, to fully reap the benefits of this resource, the Drosophila community is faced with two critical needs: i.e., the expansion of genomic resources from a much broader range of phylogenetic diversity and the development of additional resources to aid in finishing the existing draft genomes. To address these needs, we report the first synthesis of a comprehensive set of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) resources for 19 Drosophila species from all three subgenera. Ten libraries were derived from the exact source used to generate 10 of the 12 draft genomes, while the rest were generated from a strategically selected set of species on the basis of salient ecological and life history features and their phylogenetic positions. The majority of the new species have at least one sequenced reference genome for immediate comparative benefit. This 19-BAC library set was rigorously characterized and shown to have large insert sizes (125–168 kb), low nonrecombinant clone content (0.3–5.3%), and deep coverage (9.1–42.9×). Further, we demonstrated the utility of this BAC resource for generating physical maps of targeted loci, refining draft sequence assemblies and identifying potential genomic rearrangements across the phylogeny.
Alternative Rehydration Methods: A Systematic Review and Lessons for Resource-Limited Care
Authors: Rouhani Shada , Meloney Laura , Ahn Roy , Nelson Brett D. , Burke Thomas F. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Dehydration is a significant threat to the health of children worldwide and a major cause of death in resource-scarce settings. Although multiple studies have revealed that oral and intravenous (IV) methods for rehydration in nonsevere dehydration are nearly equally effective, little is known about effectiveness beyond these 2 techniques. With this systematic review we analyzed the effectiveness of nonoral and nonintravenous methods of rehydration.

METHODS:
The Medline, Cochrane, Global Health, Embase, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases were searched for articles on intraosseous (IO), nasogastric (NG), intraperitoneal (IP), subcutaneous (hypodermoclysis), and rectal (proctoclysis) rehydration through December 2009. Only human pediatric studies that included data on the effectiveness or complications of these methods were included.

RESULTS:
The search identified 38 articles that met the inclusion criteria: 12 articles on NG, 16 on IO, 7 on IP, 3 on subcutaneous, and none on rectal rehydration. NG rehydration was as effective as IV rehydration for moderate-to-severe dehydration. IO rehydration was effective and easy to obtain, although only 1 randomized trial was identified. IP rehydration had some benefit for moderate dehydration, although none of the trials had control groups. Limited data were available on subcutaneous rehydration, and only 1 case series showed benefit.

CONCLUSIONS:
NG rehydration should be considered second-line therapy, after oral rehydration, particularly in resource-limited environments. IO rehydration seems to be an effective alternative when IV access is not readily obtainable. Additional evidence is needed before IP and subcutaneous rehydration can be endorsed.
Prediction of Neurodevelopmental and Sensory Outcome at 5 Years in Norwegian Children Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Leversen Katrine Tyborg , Sommerfelt Kristian , Rønnestad Arild , Kaaresen Per Ivar , Farstad Theresa , Skranes Janne , Støen Ragnhild , Bircow Elgen Irene , Rettedal Siren , Egil Eide Geir , Irgens Lorentz M , Markestad Trond 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE:To examine the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disability and the predictive value of pre-, peri-, and postnatal data on neurologic, sensory, cognitive, and motor function in children born extremely preterm.METHODS:This was a prospective observational study of all infants born in Norway between 1999 and 2000 with gestational ages between 22 and 27 weeks or birth weights between 500 and 999 g. Cognitive function was assessed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Revised, motor function with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, and severity of cerebral palsy with the Gross Motor Function Classification for Cerebral Palsy. Disabilities were described as mild, moderate, or severe.RESULTS:Of 371 eligible children, 306 (82%) were examined at a mean (SD) age of 5 years and 10 (4) months. For gestational age less than 28 weeks (n = 239), 26 (11%) children had cerebral palsy alone (n = 21) or in combination with blindness (n = 3) or deafness (n = 2); 1 was blind and 1 was deaf. Of the remaining children, the mean full-scale IQ was 94 ± 15, and significant predictors were (values given as the difference in IQ points [95% confidence intervals]) high maternal education (9.6 [5.7–13.4]), preeclampsia (−7.7 [−12.7 to −2.7]), and retinopathy of prematurity higher than grade 2 (−17.5 [−27.1 to −8.0]). Movement Assessment Battery for Children scores were positively associated with gestational age and prenatal steroids and negatively associated with being small for gestational age, male gender, and having retinopathy of prematurity. Moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disability was more common for gestational ages 25 weeks or less (28 of 87 children) than for 26 to 27 weeks (12 of 152 children; P &lt; .001) and 28 weeks or more (7 of 67 children; P = .001).CONCLUSIONS:The outcome was poorer for children with gestational ages of 25 weeks or less compared with those with gestational ages between 26 and 27 weeks. For those without cerebral palsy, blindness, or deafness, however, gestational age had a limited association with cognitive and motor function.
The Next Stage for Multiphase Meters — Generating More Detailed Flow Rate Knowledge and Widening the Operating Envelope
Authors: Tol Martijn , Brandt Morten 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Multiphase meters must change and adapt to meet operator challenges. Such challenges include more geologically complex and remote fields, environmental concerns on the gamma sources in multiphase meters, and the need to manage costs at the same time as optimizing production.
The paper will tackle the question of how multiphase meters can meet these challenges, generate more detailed knowledge on flow rates and complex flow patterns, be more compact and flexible, and also meet the environmental concerns of nucleonic sources.
Referencing a number of test results, the paper will chart the development of a new measurement principle for multiphase meters based on voxel-based signal processing, a new electrode geometry sensor and new field electronics to generate more combinations and more accurate fraction measurements and velocities for each segment, as well as the incorporation of both rotational near wall measurements and cross-volume measurements.
Finally, the paper will also look at the challenge of desiging a multiphase meter which improves flow measurement accuracy but provides cost savings in terms of installation, maintenance and deck space. Environmental concerns will be addressed by examining how an X-ray based densitometer can replace the multiphase meter’s gamma source by utilising the attenuation measurements of the same photon energies as a low energy gamma-ray source. The importance of a field replaceable insert venturi will also be examined.
The findings from the paper will be of interest to any operator or well testing company wanting to increase the production optimization capabilities of multiphase meters, while at the same time addressing cost, flexibility and environmental concerns.
An Improved Water Coning Calculation for Horizontal Wells
Authors: Permadi P. , Jayadi T. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Actual coning behavior in a horizontal well is not fully understood. Lacks of knowledge of fluids distribution within the reservoir and the heterogeneity as well lead to either over-predicting or under-predicting performance of the well implemented. The prediction done then needs to be revised in the effort to re-evaluate the economic of the well.
This paper presents a semi-empirical method for predicting post breakthrough performance of horizontal wells. The method was developed based on straight forward Darcy equation for linear flow and the principle of material balance. An iterative procedure of calculation is provided for predicting production performance. Based on results of the parametric study conducted using a numerical reservoir simulator, corrections necessary for the linear flow model proposed were established. Water cresting efficiency is defined in this study by inverting the correction factor and was found systematically to relate with factors that influence the coning behavior.
The applicability of the proposed method was validated using two sets of field data. The first data set is the case having practically initial zero water cut, while the other set represents cases with high water cut since the production start up. Results of prediction for both cases are in very good agreement with the field data.
Oil Recovery Enhancement from Low-Permeable Reservoirs on Base of Reservoir Simulation with Well-Testing and Production Logging
Authors: Gulyaev D.N. , Ipatov A.I. , Chernoglazova N.N. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Tight reservoirs start to play increasingly more important role in petroleum industry. However, quality of the most part of the 3D reservoir models created in Russia does not allow a trustworthy reservoir characterization and their development optimization. This circumstance is one of the causes for rather low recovery factors in the territory of the RF. To significantly improve the quality of those models production logging data is to be more widely used in reservoir simulation. Recovery enhancement activities become much more efficient when based on reliable reservoir development models.
With specific reference to simulation of one of the “Gazprom neft” tight fields, the paper shows how the integration of welltest data in 3D simulation results in more confident modeling and improves the current oil production and ultimate oil recovery. In addition, some particular features were identified in the course of the work and new approaches were developed to solve tight reservoir simulation issues.
A Completions Guide Book to Shale-Play Development: A Review of Successful Approaches Towards Shale-Play Stimulation in the Last Two Decades
Authors: Chong K. K. , Grieser W. V. , Passman A. , Tamayo C. H. , Modeland N. , Burke B. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Almost three decades have passed since the early exploration of the north Texas, Barnett shale. The Barnett serves as an example study for the shale life cycle. Operators in North America have used the Barnett-shale development as a roadmap for the exploration of new shale plays like the Marcellus, Haynesville, and Eagle Ford, as well as others. Each new shale play is unique in nature with respect to geologic setting, lithology, and production mechanism. It is useful to have a defined strategy for the discovery, development, and decline phases of each individual shale play. The roadmap to shale well-completion designs should include the following key factors: Fracability: capability of the reservoir to be fracture stimulated effectivelyProducibility: capability of the completion plan to sustain commercial productionSustainability: capability of the field development to meet both economic and environmental constraints
This paper reviews the evolution and development of completion practices of the major US shale reservoirs in the last two decades and presents a roadmap for effective completion practices for shale stimulation. The completion roadmap uses the history of 16,000 shale frac stages in the Barnett, Woodford, Haynesville, Antrim, and Marcellus shales. Following the map through specific decision points will alter the path for individual shales. These decision points will be influenced by geologic, geochemical, and geomechanical information gathered along the way. The path toward a commercially viable shale play from the early asset- evaluation phase to the late asset maintenance-and-remediation phase evolves from a series of decision trees throughout the process.
Information presented in this paper provides a completion engineer with better understanding of the factors involved in shale- play stimulation and provides a methodical approach to select appropriate and optimum solutions that have evolved during the last two decades.
Remote Monitoring and Optimization of Electrical Submersible Pumps Utilizing Control Algorithms
Authors: Haapanen B. E. , Gagner M. G. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) control algorithm has been used in industry for many years. The proper application and tuning of this algorithm has been the topic of much research and many papers. Its use with ESPs has been underutilized, yet its benefit is significant when employed properly for many reasons. Monitoring and benchmarking the system's performance while in PID mode can be hap-hazard unless employing a remote monitoring system that provides visibility for tuning and optimizing of the control algorithm.
This paper looks at two ESP systems where operation was benchmarked before the PID algorithm was implemented. The operation was then compared after the PID control mode was implemented with the aid of a downhole gauge unit. The resulting effect on the pumping system was then quantified through the use of remote monitoring and analysis systems. Significant benefits in the pumping system were shown, such as increased run life (from cooler operation), lower operating temperatures in the ESP motor, lower operating frequency resulting in lower power consumption, and stable downhole pressures with the ability to manage free gas during operation. Production and efficiency gains were realized through increased drawdown, stable operation, and immediate feedback from key operational information. Finally, the importance of proper tuning of the control algorithm is critical for the success of the implementation.