bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern and pace of dental eruption in Tarsius
Authors: Guthrie Emily H. , Frost Stephen R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article uses data on the dental eruption pattern and life history of Tarsius to test the utility of Schultz's rule. Schultz's rule claims a relationship between the relative pattern of eruption and the absolute pace of dental development and life history and may be useful in reconstructing life histories in extinct primates. Here, we document an unusual eruption pattern in Tarsius combining early eruption (relative to molars) of anterior replacement teeth (P2 and incisors) and relatively late eruption of the posterior replacement teeth (C, P3, and P4). This eruption pattern does not accurately predict the “slow” pace of life documented for Tarsius [Roberts: Int J Primatol 15 (1994) 1–28], nor aspects of life history directly associated with dental development as would be expected using Schultz's rule. In Tarsius, the anterior teeth and M1 erupt at an early age and therefore are not only fast in a relative sense but also fast in an absolute sense. This seems to be related to a developmental anomaly in the deciduous precursor teeth, which are essentially skipped. This decoupling among dental eruption pattern, dental eruption pace, and life history pace in Tarsius undermines the assumptions that life histories can accurately be described as “fast” or “slow” and that dental eruption pattern alone can be used to infer overall life history pace. The relatively and absolutely early eruption of the anterior dentition may be due to the utility of these front teeth in early food acquisition rather than with the pace of life history. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new brain endocast of Homo erectus from Hulu Cave, Nanjing, China
Authors: Wu Xiujie , Holloway Ralph L. , Schepartz Lynne A. , Xing Song 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new brain endocast of Homo erectus from Hulu Cave, Tangshan, Nanjing is described and compared with a broad sample of endocasts of H. erectus, Neanderthals, and recent modern humans. The Nanjing 1 endocast is reconstructed based on two portions of endocranial casts taken from the original fossil fragments. The fossil was discovered in 1993, near Nanjing, South China and is dated to ∼ 0.58–0.62 Ma. The cranial capacity is ∼ 876 cc, as determined by endocast water displacement. There are some common features of Nanjing 1 and other H. erectus endocasts that differentiate them from the Neanderthals and modern humans in our sample. These include small cranial capacity, low height dimensions, simple middle meningeal vessel patterns, a high degree of cerebral‐over‐cerebellar lobe overhang, elongated and quite separated cerebellar lobes, and a narrow, low, short and flat frontal region. Some features are found to vary among H. erectus, Neanderthals and modern humans, such as the lateral Sylvian fissure position and the venous sinus and petalial patterns. The Nanjing 1 endocast has unique, large, superior frontal convolutions, and strongly protruding Broca's caps. In contrast to other Chinese H. erectus from Hexian and Zhoukoudian, Nanjing 1 lacks strong posterior projection of the occipital lobes. Bivariate and principal component analyses indicate that the small volume and shape of Nanjing 1 is most similar to KNM‐WT 15000, KNM‐ER 3883, Sangiran 2 and Hexian, illustrating the combination of narrow, low, and short frontal lobes with wide posterior lobes. Am J Phys Anthropol,2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of Lewis (y) Antigen Protects Ovarian Cancer RMG‐1 Cells from Carboplatin‐Induced Apoptosis by the Upregulation of Topo‐I and Topo‐II β
Authors: Wang Changzhi , Yan Limei , Wang Yifei , Lin Bei , Liu Shuice , Li Quanrong , Gao Lili , Zhang Shulan , Iwamori Masao 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLewis (y) antigen, a difucosylated oligosaccharide, has been shown to be associated with malignant properties of ovarian carcinomas. In this study, we have investigated the potential role of Lewis (y) antigen, which was stably transfected into ovarian cancer RMG‐1 cells, on carboplatin‐induced apoptosis. Overexpression of Lewis (y) antigen effectively protected vitronectin‐adherent RMG‐1 cells from carboplatin‐induced apoptosis as assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. Treatment with anti‐Lewis (y) antigen, anti‐integrin αv, or anti‐integrin β3 antibody partially abolished the protective effect on apoptosis and markedly inhibited the expression of Topo‐II β in cells overexpressing Lewis (y) antigen (all P < 0.01). Moreover, elevated expression of Topo‐I and Topo‐II β was found in Lewis (y) antigen‐overexpressing cells (P < 0.01). However, no obvious changes in Topo‐II α were observed throughout the study (P > 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that the overexpression of Lewis (y) antigen confers cell adhesion‐mediated drug resistance to apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by the upregulation of Topo‐I and Topo‐II β. Therefore, the inhibition of Lewis (y) antigen may be a novel strategy of cancer chemotherapy. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Comparative Assessment of the Size of the Frontal Air Sinus in the Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
Authors: Badlangana N. Ludo , Adams Justin W. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe current study examines the frontal air sinus of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cranium with the aim of evaluating previously offered hypotheses as to why they have such an atypically voluminous frontal sinus relative to other artiodactyls. To date, no quantification of the frontal sinus in the adult or developing giraffe has been undertaken or compared to other artiodactyl species. Crania from eight species of adult artiodactyls, and giraffes varying in age from newborn to adult, were studied using CT scans to provide a volumetric assessment of the frontal sinus. Sinus volume was strongly correlated to cranial mass in the male giraffe ontogenetic series. The adult giraffe of both sexes were found to possess a far larger than predicted sinus volume relative to the relationship between frontal sinus volume and cranial mass observed in the other adult artiodactyls. Our results suggest that the volume of the frontal sinus in the giraffe is likely to be unique among artiodactyls, and the potential function and evolution we consider in light of several previously articulated hypotheses. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accessing the Hidden Majority of Marine Natural Products through Metagenomics
Authors: Donia Mohamed S. , Ruffner Duane E. , Cao Sheng , Schmidt Eric W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTiny marine animals represent an untapped reservoir for undiscovered, bioactive natural products. However, their small size and extreme chemical variability preclude traditional chemical approaches to discovering new bioactive compounds. Here, we use a metagenomic method to directly discover and rapidly access cyanobactin class natural products from these variable samples, and provide proof‐of‐concept for genome‐based discovery and supply of marine natural products. We also address practical optimization of complex, multistep ribosomal peptide pathways in heterologous hosts, which is still very challenging. The resulting methods and concepts will be applicable to ribosomal peptide and other biosynthetic pathways.
Trans catheter aortic valve implantation with core valve revalving system in uncoiled (horizontal) aorta. overcoming anatomical and technical challenges for successful deployment
Authors: Sarkar Kunal , Ussia Gian Paolo , Tamburino Corrado 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUncoiling of the aortic root (horizontal aorta) offers a considerable technical challenge in successful deployment of core valve prosthesis. The problem is compounded in the presence of significant calcification of the ascending aorta that limits the capability to control the tension on delivery catheter during device release and may lead to implant failure. Recognition of adverse anatomical features and use of proximal access sites such as subclavian artery are likely to attenuate the degree of technical difficulty in these cases. Familiarity and facility with retrieval techniques using a snare catheter is desirable in cases of implant failure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The “Bladder sign”—An important early marker of retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Authors: Freilich Mark I. , Gossman David E. , Applegate Robert J. , Werns Steven W. , Gips Sanford J. , Turi Zoltan G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRetroperitoneal hemorrhage remains one of the major complications of cardiac and peripheral vascular catheterization. Its high associated morbidity and mortality require vigilance and early intervention. We report six cases of retroperitoneal hemorrhage featuring a “bladder sign.” The compression of the bladder described in this series can be visualized on the incidental cystogram that results from contrast given during catheterization. Its significance as a highly specific marker of retroperitoneal hemorrhage should be appreciated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Seven‐year safety and efficacy of the unrestricted use of drug‐eluting stents in saphenous vein bypass grafts
Authors: Nauta Sjoerd T. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Magro Michael , Deckers Jaap W. , Simsek Cihan , Jan Van Geuns Robert , Van Der Giessen Wim J. , De Jaegere Peter , Regar Evelyn , Van Domburg Ron T. , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: The aim was to investigate the 7‐year clinical outcomes of patients treated with either drug‐eluting stents (DES) or bare‐metal stents (BMS) for saphenous vein graft disease (SVG). Background: Atherosclerotic disease in SVG has several peculiarities which make it difficult to extrapolate outcomes of the use of DES as compared to BMS, from outcomes observed in native coronary arteries. To date no long‐term safety and efficacy results for DES in SVG have been published. Methods: Between January, 2000 and December, 2005 a total of 250 consecutive patients with saphenous vein graft disease were sequentially treated with DES (either sirolimus‐ or paclitaxel‐eluting stents) or with BMS. Yearly follow‐up was performed. Results: At 87 months (7.25 years), a total of 101 patients died (58 [46%] in the BMS group and 43 [42%] in the DES group, P‐value= 0.4). There was no significant difference in the combined endpoint mortality or myocardial infarction. Cumulative target vessel revascularisation (TVR) was higher in the BMS group compared to the DES group (41% vs. 29%, respectively; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39–1.0). The cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events was 73% vs. 68% in the BMS and DES groups, respectively (adjusted HR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.67–1.3). Conclusions: In the present study, the unrestricted use of DES for SVG lesions appeared safe and effective up to 7.25 years‐ and the use of DES resulted in a clinically relevant lower rate of TVR. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Economic outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stents versus bypass surgery for patients with left main or three‐vessel coronary artery disease: One‐year results from the SYNTAX trial
Authors: Cohen David J. , Lavelle Tara A. , Van Hout Ben , Li Haiyan , Lei Yang , Robertus Katherine , Pinto Duane , Magnuson Elizabeth A. , Mcgarry Thomas F. , Lucas Scott K. , Horwitz Phillip A. , Henry Carl A. , Serruys Patrick W. , Mohr Friedrich W. , Kappetein A. Pieter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of alternative approaches to revascularization for patients with three‐vessel or left main coronary artery disease (CAD). Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that, despite higher initial costs, long‐term costs with bypass surgery (CABG) in multivessel CAD are similar to those for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The impact of drug‐eluting stents (DES) on these results is unknown. Methods: The SYNTAX trial randomized 1,800 patients with left main or three‐vessel CAD to either CABG (n = 897) or PCI using paclitaxel‐eluting stents (n = 903). Resource utilization data were collected prospectively for all patients, and cumulative 1‐year costs were assessed from the perspective of the U.S. healthcare system. Results: Total costs for the initial hospitalization were $5,693/patient higher with CABG, whereas follow‐up costs were $2,282/patient higher with PCI due mainly to more frequent revascularization procedures and higher outpatient medication costs. Total 1‐year costs were thus $3,590/patient higher with CABG, while quality‐adjusted life expectancy was slightly higher with PCI. Although PCI was an economically dominant strategy for the overall population, cost‐effectiveness varied considerably according to angiographic complexity. For patients with high angiographic complexity (SYNTAX score > 32), total 1‐year costs were similar for CABG and PCI, and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for CABG was $43,486 per quality‐adjusted life‐year gained. Conclusions: Among patients with three‐vessel or left main CAD, PCI is an economically attractive strategy over the first year for patients with low and moderate angiographic complexity, while CABG is favored among patients with high angiographic complexity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy and outcomes after coronary stenting with the genous™ bio‐engineered R stent™ in patients from the e‐healing registry
Authors: Damman Peter , Klomp Margo , Silber Sigmund , Beijk Marcel A. , Ribeiro Expedito E. , Suryapranata Harry , Wójcik Jaroslaw , Sim Kui Hian , Tijssen Jan G.P. , de Winter Robbert J. ,   on behalf of the e‐Healing investigators
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective: We investigated the relation between duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and clinical outcomes up to 12 months after Genous™ endothelial progenitor cell capturing R stent™ placement in patients from the e‐HEALING registry. Background: Cessation of (DAPT) has been shown to be associated with the occurrence of stent thrombosis (ST). After Genous placement, 1 month of DAPT is recommended. Methods: Patients were analyzed according to continuation or discontinuation of DAPT at a 30‐day and 6‐month landmark, excluding patients with events before the landmark. Each landmark was a new baseline, and outcomes were followed up to 12 months after stenting. The main outcome for our current analysis was target vessel failure (TVF), defined as target vessel‐related cardiac death or myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization. Secondary outcomes included ST. (Un)adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for TVF were calculated with Cox regression. Results: No difference was observed in the incidence of TVF [HR: 1.03; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.65–1.65, P = 0.89] in patients continuing DAPT (n = 4,249) at 30 days versus patients stopped (n = 309), and HR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.55–1.23, P = 0.34) in patients continuing DAPT (n = 2,654) at 6 months versus patients stopped [n = 1,408] DAPT). Furthermore, no differences were observed in ST. Even after addition of identified independent predictors for TVF, adjusted TVF hazards were comparable. Conclusions: In a post‐hoc analysis of e‐HEALING, duration of DAPT was not associated with the occurrence of the outcomes TVF or ST. The Genous stent may be an attractive treatment especially in patients at increased risk for (temporary) cessation of DAPT or bleeding. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new strategy for septal ablation with transendocardial ethanol injection using a multifunctional intracardiac echocardiography catheter: A feasibility study in canines
Authors: Guo Rui , Qian Jun , Yang Ya , Zhu Que , Liu Dichuan , Deng Changming , Wang Zhigang , Huang Jing 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel multifunctional intracardiac echocardiography catheter for target septal ablation with transendocardial ethanol injection in canines. Background: Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation has been the primary catheter‐based strategy for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). However, inherent limitations of the technique have reduced its therapeutic efficacy. Methods: A new catheter (10 F), integrated with a nitinol needle (29 G) and a 6.5–10‐MHz, 32‐element, side‐fire ultrasound imaging transducer, was delivered into the right ventricle in nine canines and the left ventricle in three canines. A 0.3‐ml microbubble and 0.5–1.5 ml absolute ethanol were sequentially injected into the interventricular septum. Electrocardiograph recordings were obtained during the whole procedure. Three hours after this operation, the heart was harvested for gross and histological examination. Results: In all canines, the catheter provided the structural support and helped guide proper needle position within the septum. The microbubble further allowed the confirmation of the needle location through focal echo‐density enhancement. Different amounts of ethanol infusion produced a dose‐related effect on myocardial ablation. Macroscopic examination showed that the target myocardium became pale with a distinct border between lesions and normal tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin staining further confirmed necrosis within the injection region. Conclusions: Transendocardial ethanol injection at the interventricular septum resulted in controlled myocardial infarction. In addition, the injection depth could be visually followed using this new system, which may provide a safer and more intuitive method for the treatment of HOCM or other cardiomyopathies. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anchor Points for the Unified Brønsted Acidity Scale: The rCCC Model for the Calculation of Standard Gibbs Energies of Proton Solvation in Eleven Representative Liquid Media
Authors: Himmel Daniel , Goll Sascha K. , Leito Ivo , Krossing Ingo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe COSMO cluster‐continuum (CCC) solvation model is introduced for the calculation of standard Gibbs solvation energies of protons. The solvation sphere of the proton is divided into an inner proton–solvent cluster with covalent interactions and an outer solvation sphere that interacts electrostatically with the cluster. Thus, the solvation of the proton is divided into two steps that are calculated separately: 1) The interaction of the proton with one or more solvent molecules is calculated in the gas phase with high‐level quantum‐chemical methods (modified G3 method). 2) The Gibbs solvation energy of the proton–solvent cluster is calculated by using the conductor‐like screening model (COSMO). For every solvent, the solvation of the proton in at least two (and up to 11) proton–solvent clusters was calculated. The resulting Gibbs solvation energies of the proton were weighted by using Boltzmann statistics. The model was evaluated for the calculation of Gibbs solvation energies by using experimental data of water, MeCN, and DMSO as a reference. Allowing structural relaxation of the proton–solvent clusters and the use of structurally relaxed Gibbs solvation energies improved the accordance with experimental data especially for larger clusters. This variation is denoted as the relaxed COSMO cluster‐continuum (rCCC) model, for which we estimate a 1σ error bar of 10 kJ mol−1. Gibbs solvation energies of protons in the following representative solvents were calculated: Water, acetonitrile, sulfur dioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, diethyl ether, methylene chloride, 1,2‐dichloroethane, sulfuric acid, fluorosulfonic acid, and hydrogen fluoride. The obtained values are absolute chemical standard potentials of the proton (pH=0 in this solvent). They are used to anchor the individual solvent specific acidity (pH) scales to our recently introduced absolute acidity scale.
4,4′‐Dithiobisdipicolinic Acid: A Small and Convenient Lanthanide Binding Tag for Protein NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Jia Xinying , Maleckis Ansis , Huber Thomas , Otting Gottfried 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPseudocontact shifts (PCS) from paramagnetic lanthanide ions present powerful long‐range structure restraints for studies of proteins by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To elicit PCSs, the lanthanide must be attached site‐specifically to the target protein. In addition, it needs to be attached rigidly to avoid averaging of the PCSs due to mobility with respect to the protein and it must not interfere with the function of the protein. Here, we present a dipicolinic acid reagent that spontaneously forms a disulfide bond with thiol groups of accessible cysteine residues. A minimal number of rotatable bonds between the cysteine side chain and the tag helps to minimise mobility. Combined with the small size of the tag and quantitative tagging yields, these features make it a highly attractive tool for generating structure restraints by paramagnetic lanthanides.
Novel 2‐Substituted Quinolin‐4‐yl‐benzenesulfonate Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, and Inhibition of Cellular Tubulin Polymerization
Authors: Kakadiya Rajesh , Wu Yi‐Chen , Dong Huajin , Kuo Hsiao‐Hui , Yih Ling‐Huei , Chou Ting‐Chao , Su Tsann‐Long 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of 2‐substituted quinolin‐4‐yl‐benzenesulfonate derivatives were synthesized for the purpose of evaluating antiproliferative activity. Structure–activity relationships of the newly synthesized compounds against human lymphoblastic leukemia and various solid tumor cell growths in culture are discussed. Of these derivatives, 2‐phenyl‐6‐pyrrolidinyl‐4‐quinoline sulfonate analogues 10 f, 10 g, and 10 k, and 4′‐nitrophenyl sulfonate 10 m exhibit superior cytotoxicity over other sulfonates. The antiproliferative activities of these compounds correlate well with their abilities to induce mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies indicate that they target the vinblastine binding site of tubulin and inhibit cellular tubulin polymerization. Hence, these compounds induce the formation of aberrant mitotic spindles and mitotic arrest, resulting in intensive apoptosis. The tested compounds were shown to be poor substrates for membrane multidrug resistance transporters. The present studies suggest that these newly synthesized compounds are promising tubulin polymerization inhibitors and are worthy of further investigation as antitumor agents.
Developmental mechanisms that regulate retinal ganglion cell dendritic morphology
Authors: Tian Ning 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOne of the fundamental features of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is that dendrites of individual RGCs are confined to one or a few narrow strata within the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and each RGC synapses only with a small group of presynaptic bipolar and amacrine cells with axons/dendrites ramified in the same strata to process distinct visual features. The underlying mechanisms which control the development of this laminar‐restricted distribution pattern of RGC dendrites have been extensively studied, and it is still an open question whether the dendritic pattern of RGCs is determined by molecular cues or by activity‐dependent refinement. Accumulating evidence suggests that both molecular cues and activity‐dependent refinement might regulate RGC dendrites in a cell subtype‐specific manner. However, identification of morphological subtypes of RGCs before they have achieved their mature dendritic pattern is a major challenge in the study of RGC dendritic development. This problem is now being circumvented through the use of molecular markers in genetically engineered mouse lines to identify RGC subsets early during development. Another unanswered fundamental question in the study of activity‐dependent refinement of RGC dendrites is how changes in synaptic activity lead to the changes in dendritic morphology. Recent studies have started to shed light on the molecular basis of activity‐dependent dendritic refinement of RGCs by showing that some molecular cascades control the cytoskeleton reorganization of RGCs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1297‐1309, 2011