bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local well-posedness and blow-up in the energy space for a class of
\( L^{2} \) critical dispersion generalized Benjamin–Ono equations
Authors: Kenig C.E. , Martel Y. , Robbiano L. 
Published: August 2011

We consider a family of dispersion generalized Benjamin–Ono equations (dgBO)

u_{t}−\partial _{x}|D|^{\alpha }u + |u|^{2\alpha }\partial _{x}u = 0,\:(t,x) \in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R},

where

\widehat{|D|^{\alpha} u} = |\xi |^{\alpha }\widehat u

and

1⩽\alpha ⩽2

. These equations are critical with respect to the

L^{2}

norm and global existence and interpolate between the modified BO equation (

\alpha = 1

) and the critical gKdV equation (

\alpha = 2

).

First, we prove local well-posedness in the energy space for

1 < \alpha < 2

, extending results in Kenig et al. (1991, 1993) [13,14] for the generalized KdV equations.

Second, we address the blow-up problem in the spirit of Martel and Merle (2000) [19] and Merle (2001) [22] concerning the critical gKdV equation, by studying rigidity properties of the dgBO flow in a neighborhood of the solitons. We prove that for

α

close to 2, solutions of negative energy close to solitons blow up in finite or infinite time in the energy space

H^{\frac{\alpha }{2}}

.

The blow-up proof requires both extensions to dgBO of monotonicity results for local

L^{2}

norms by pseudo-differential operator tools and perturbative arguments close to the gKdV case to obtain structural properties of the linearized flow around solitons.

Résumé
Nous considérons une famille dʼéquations de Benjamin–Ono à dispersion généralisée (dgBO)

u_{t}−\partial _{x}|D|^{\alpha }u + |u|^{2\alpha }\partial _{x}u = 0,\:(t,x) \in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R},

où

\widehat{|D|^{\alpha} u} = |\xi |^{\alpha }\widehat u

1⩽\alpha ⩽2

. Ces équations sont critiques par rapport à la norme

L^{2}

et à lʼexistence globale et peuvent être vues comme des interpolations entre lʼéquation de Benjamin–Ono généralisée critique (

\alpha = 1

) et lʼéquation de Korteweg–de Vries généralisée critique (

\alpha = 2

).

Dʼabord, nous montrons le caractère bien posé de ces équations dans lʼespace dʼénergie pour

1 < \alpha < 2

, étendant les résultats de Kenig et al. (1991, 1993) [13,14] pour les équations de Korteweg–de Vries généralisées.

Ensuite, nous étudions le phénomène dʼexplosion dans lʼesprit de Martel et Merle (2000) [19] et Merle (2001) [22] concernant lʼéquation de gKdV critique, en étudiant les propriétés de rigidité du flot de dgBO dans un voisinage des solitons. Nous montrons que pour

α

proche de 2, les solutions dʼénergie négative proches des solitons explosent en temps fini ou infini dans lʼespace dʼénergie

H^{\frac{\alpha }{2}}

.

La preuve de ce résultat dʼexplosion est basée dʼune part sur lʼadaptation à dgBO de résultats de monotonie de normes

L^{2}

locales par des méthodes dʼopérateurs pseudo-differentiels et dʼautre part sur des arguments de perturbation pour obtenir des propriétés structurelles du flot linéarisé autour des solitons lorsque lʼéquation est proche de gKdV.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase: A novel neuroprotective mechanism involved in neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury
Authors: Li Jiao , Tang Binzhi , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHypoxic‐ischemic (HI) brain injury is one of the most severe diseases in the neonatal central nervous system (CNS). The pathological mechanisms of HI brain injury, including cellular apoptosis, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, etc., are complicated and not well known. Cellular processes such as angiogenesis, neuronal survival and neurogenesis have been proven to be closely associated with brain repair following HI injury. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a component of telomerase, plays a primary role in maintaining telomere length. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that TERT can protect neurons from apoptosis and excitotoxicity, and promote angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuronal survival. However, there are few reports on the roles of TERT in neonatal HI brain injury and the mechanisms involved are unclear. It is reported that TERT is activated and plays a protective role in adult brains with ischemia and recently we have shown that TERT was induced and may act protectively in a neonatal rat model of HI brain injury. Therefore, it is quite possible that TERT plays an important role in neuroprotection in developing brains following HI injury by inhibiting apoptosis and excitotoxicity, and promoting angiogenesis, neuronal survival and neurogenesis. These very novel mechanisms could lead to more effective neuroprotective strategies against hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in neonates.
Comprehensive zonal subdivisions of Siberian Jurassic and their significance for Circum-Arctic correlations
Authors: Shurygin B.N. , Nikitenko B.L. , Meledina S.V. , Dzyuba O.S. , Knyazev V.G. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We show the present state of the set of parallel zonal scales for the Siberian Jurassic, based on various fossil groups, and the principles of their construction. We discuss the significance of Siberian biostratigraphic scales for the Boreal zonal standard of the Jurassic units. The stratotype region for this standard must have a typical Boreal (Arctic rather than mixed) fauna. A possible candidate is Siberia (and the Arctic biochorema), which is located in the center of the Panboreal Superrealm, where the set of interrelated scales for various fossil groups is the most complete. The set of parallel zonal scales for the Siberian Jurassic is efficient for the subdivision and correlation of Jurassic units in various Arctic regions (Barents Sea shelf, northeastern Russia, Arctic Alaska, Arctic Canada).
Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Berriasian–Lower Aptian deposits of West Siberia in connection with the clinoform structure of the section
Authors: Kurchikov A.R. , Borodkin V.N. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The evolution of views of the stratigraphy of Berriasian–Lower Aptian deposits of West Siberia is described. In connection with a clinoform model of the section structure, suggestions are made for its stratification; according to new recommendations to the stratigraphic scheme, paleogeographic reconstructions were carried out for the four stratigraphic units identified in the Berriasian–Early Aptian play.
Rhinectomy for the management of nasal malignancies
Authors: Chipp E , Prinsloo D , Rayatt S 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:Tumours of nasal skin or mucosa are common, and can usually be treated with limited surgical excision or radiotherapy. This paper highlights a subset of high risk tumours which require rhinectomy for complete oncological clearance.Method:Retrospective case note review of 14 patients undergoing rhinectomy for nasal tumours. Clinical and histological findings, treatment and outcome are reviewed and discussed.Results:Forty-three per cent of patients had recurrent disease and underwent rhinectomy as a salvage procedure following previous surgery or radiotherapy. Most tumours (79 per cent) were basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. After a mean follow up of 30.1 months (range, zero to 96 months), seven patients (50 per cent) were alive and disease-free. Reconstruction was most commonly with a prosthesis.Conclusion:Rhinectomy is an oncologically sound procedure for the management of high risk nasal malignancies. Prosthetic rehabilitation can be an excellent alternative to surgery, particularly in those patients unsuitable for major reconstruction.
Description of the two strains of turkey coccidia Eimeria adenoeides with remarkable morphological variability
Authors: POPLSTEIN MARTIN , VRBA VLADIMIR 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYAlthough oocyst morphology was always considered as a reliable parameter for coccidian species discrimination we describe strain variation of turkey coccidia, Eimeria adenoeides, which remarkably exceeds the variation observed in any other Eimeria species. Two strains have been isolated – the first strain maintains the typical oocyst morphology attributed to this species – large and ellipsoidal – while the second strain has small and ovoid oocysts, never described before for this species. Other biological parameters including pathogenicity were found to be similar. Cross-protection between these 2 strains in 2 immunization and challenge experiments was confirmed. Sequencing and analysis of 18S and ITS1 ribosomal DNA revealed a close relationship according to 18S and a relatively distant relationship according to ITS1. Analysis of 18S and ITS1 sequences from commercial turkey coccidiosis vaccines Immucox®-T and Coccivac®-T revealed that each vaccine contains a different strain of E. adenoeides and that these strains have 18S and ITS1 sequences homologous to the sequences of the strains we have isolated and described. These findings show that diagnostics of turkey coccidia according to oocyst morphology have to be carried out with caution or abolished entirely. Novel PCR-based molecular tools will be necessary for fast and reliable species discrimination.
Lymphatic filariasis in children: Clinical features, infection burdens and future prospects for elimination
Authors: SHENOY RANGANATHA KRISHNA , BOCKARIE MOSES J. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYLymphatic filariasis (LF), a common parasitic infection in tropical countries, causes lymphoedema of limbs, hydrocele and acute attacks of dermato-lymphangio-adenitis. Recent advances in diagnosis have helped to recognize that LF infection is often acquired in childhood. Newly available diagnostic techniques like sensitive antigen and antibody assays, Doppler ultrasonography and lymphoscintigraphy have helped to understand the subclinical pathology caused by this infection, which was hitherto generally believed to be irreversible. Recent studies indicate that drugs used in the mass drug administration (MDA) programme under GPELF are capable of reversing the sub-clinical lymphatic damage in children and provide benefits other than interruption of transmission. Albendazole and ivermectin used in MDA are effective against soil-transmitted helminthic infections common in children in LF endemic areas. Thus MDA had other ‘beyond LF’ benefits in treated children including increased appetite, weight gain, greater learning ability and concentration, better school attendance and prevention of anaemia. MDA should no longer be viewed as a measure for interrupting transmission alone. Recent findings of reversibility of early lymphatic pathology in treated children indicate that both MDA and ‘foot-hygiene’ measures are effective strategies in preventing and managing morbidity. Programme managers should effectively utilize this information to strengthen their advocacy efforts to achieve high and sustainable coverage in MDA.
Epidemiological aspects of strongyloidiasis in Brazil
Authors: PAULA F. M. , COSTA-CRUZ J. M. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe objective of this review was to outline an epidemiological profile ofStrongyloides stercoralisby parasitological and serological diagnosis in inhabitants, and to associate this profile with different immunosupression situations, in Brazil, over 20 years (1990–2009). The occurrence ofS. stercoralisusing parasitological methods was 5·5%, being 4·8% in rural and 5·0% in urban areas, characterizing the country as hyperendemic. There was a diversity of techniques used as a diagnostic tool and only 39·1% of the studies presented results based on at least 1 specific method. The occurrence increased with age, being 12·1%, for those over 60 that suggests an epidemiological condition of concern for the elderly population. Of the seroepidemiological studies in the general population the mean positivity in serum samples was 21·7% and 29·2%, using an immunofluorescence antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The occurrence of strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed individuals was 11·8% by parasitological methods and 19·5% using immunological methods. Considering that Brazil is a tropical country and that the character of chronicity and autoinfection of the parasite that can result in severe forms of hyperinfection or dissemination makes strongyloidiasis an important medically and socially neglected problem.
Pairing success and sperm reserve of maleGammarus pulexinfected byCyathocephalus truncatus(Cestoda: Spathebothriidea)
Authors: GALIPAUD MATTHIAS , GAUTHEY ZOÉ , BOLLACHE LOÏC 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYManipulative parasites with complex life cycles are known to induce behavioural and physiological changes in their intermediate hosts.Cyathocephalus truncatusis a manipulative parasite which infectsGammarus pulexas intermediate host.G. pulexmales display pre-copulatory mate guarding as a response to male-male competition for access to receptive females. In this paper, we tested the influence thatC. truncatus-infection might have on maleG. pulexsperm number and pairing success. We considered 3 classes ofG. pulexmales in our experiments: (i) uninfected males found paired in the field, (ii) uninfected males found unpaired in the field, or (iii) infected males found unpaired in the field. Both infected males and uninfected unpaired males paired less with a new female than uninfected paired males did. Furthermore, infected males appear to be at a strong disadvantage when directly competing for females with a healthy rival male, and had fewer sperm in their testes. We discuss the potential effect of male and female mating strategies on such male host mating alteration.
A comparison of patterns of disability in severely mentally handicapped children of different ethnic origins
Authors: Akinsola H. A. , Fryers T. 
Published: August 2011

SynopsisAll severely mentally handicapped children aged 5–19 years from the city of Manchester were identified in a cross-sectional study. A standardized Disability Assessment Schedule was used to assess the variety and degree of disabilities experienced by each child and by specific subgroups of the children. This paper focuses upon differences between groups of European and Non-European ethnic origin. Boys showed more disabilities than girls in both groups, but non-European children had more severe disabilities in virtually all categories.
Challenges in Disaster Data Collection during Recent Disasters
Authors: Morton Melinda , Levy J. Lee 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGathering essential health data to provide rapid and effective medical relief to populations devastated by the effects of a disaster-producing event involves challenges. These challenges include response to environmental hazards, security of personnel and resources, political and economic issues, cultural barriers, and difficulties in communication, particularly between aid agencies. These barriers often impede the timely collection of key health data such as morbidity and mortality, rapid health and sheltering needs assessments, key infrastructure assessments, and nutritional needs assessments. Examples of these challenges following three recent events: (1) the Indian Ocean tsunami; (2) Hurricane Katrina; and (3) the 2010 earthquake in Haiti are reviewed. Some of the innovative and cutting-edge approaches for surmounting many of these challenges include: (1) the establishment of geographical information systems (GIS) mapping disaster databases; (2) establishing internet surveillance networks and data repositories; (3) utilization of personal digital assistant-based platforms for data collection; (4) involving key community stakeholders in the data collection process; (5) use of pre-established, local, collaborative networks to coordinate disaster efforts; and (6) exploring potential civil-military collaborative efforts. The application of these and other innovative techniques shows promise for surmounting formidable challenges to disaster data collection.
Food concern and its associations with obesity and diabetes among lower-income New Yorkers
Authors: Yaemsiri Sirin , Olson E Carolyn , He Ka , Kerker Bonnie D 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine food concern (FC) and its associations with obesity and diabetes in a racially diverse, urban population.DesignCross-sectional population-based survey.SettingFive boroughs of New York City.SubjectsLower-income adults (n 5981) in the 2004 New York City Community Health Survey.ResultsThe overall prevalence of obesity was 24 % and was higher among FC than non-FC white men and women, black women, US- and foreign-born whites and foreign-born blacks. In multivariable analysis, FC was marginally associated with obesity (OR = 1·18, 95 % CI 0·98, 1·42) among all lower-income New Yorkers, after controlling for socio-economic factors. The association of FC and obesity varied by race/ethnicity, with FC being positively associated with obesity only among white New Yorkers. FC whites had 80 % higher odds of obesity than whites without FC (OR = 1·80; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·68), with a model-adjusted obesity prevalence of 20 % among non-FC whites v. 31 % among FC whites. FC was not associated with diabetes after controlling for obesity and socio-economic factors.ConclusionsThe prevalence of obesity was significantly higher among FC whites and certain subgroups of blacks. FC was positively associated with obesity risk among lower-income white New Yorkers. Programmes designed to alleviate FC and poverty should promote the purchase and consumption of nutritious, lower-energy foods to help address the burden of obesity in lower-income urban populations.
The low-complexity RF MEMS switch at EADS: an overview
Authors: Schoenlinner Bernhard , Stehle Armin , Siegel Christian , Gautier William , Schulte Benedikt , Figur Sascha , Prechtel Ulrich , Ziegler Volker 
Published: August 2011

This paper gives an overview of the low-complexity radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) switch concept and technology of EADS Innovation Works in Germany. Starting in 2003, a capacitive switch concept, which is unique in several aspects, was developed to address specific needs in the aeronautic and space. Thermally grown silicon oxide as dielectric layer, the silicon substrate as actuation electrode, and a conductive zone realized by ion implantation make the EADS RF MEMS switch a very simple, low-cost, and reliable approach. In this document, data on experimental investigations are presented, which demonstrate outstanding performance figures in terms of insertion loss, isolation, frequency range, bandwidth, RF-power handling, and robustness with respect to thermal load. Based on this concept, numerous different circuits in particular single-pole single-throws (SPSTs), single-pole multi-throws (SPMTs), tunable filters, phase shifters, and electronically steerable antennas between 6 and 100 GHz have been designed, fabricated, and characterized.
Paget’s Disease of Bone and Calcium Homeostasis: Focus on Bisphosphonate Treatment
Authors: Polyzos S. , Anastasilakis A. , Makras P. , Terpos E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPaget’s disease of bone (PDB) is the second most common metabolic bone disease. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are currently the drugs of choice for PDB. PDB and osteomalacia are both common in the elderly. The concept of relative vitamin D deficiency in patients with PDB was suggested long ago, but it has not yet elucidated. Both diseases predispose to fractures, but their combined action to fragility has not been studied yet. The older BPs, mainly etidronate, further inhibit bone mineralization. Mineralization defects have also been described in patients with PDB treated with pamidronate. Moreover, hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism after treatment with BPs have been described in PDB. Hypocalcemia seems to be more severe after treatment with the more potent, intravenous zoledronic acid, which is currently the treatment of choice for PDB. The counteracting hyperparathyroidism pathophysiologically intends to increase renal reabsorption of calcium and 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D production and to stimulate osteoclasts in order to prevent long-term hypocalcemia. However, the effect of PTH on osteoclasts is, at least partly, restricted in patients taking BPs. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a potentially detrimental condition, especially in patients already suffering from another bone disease. Serum calcium and vitamin D deficiency should be restored before BP treatment and calcium and vitamin D administration should be possibly continued for longer after achieving normocalcemia, which may shorten the duration of secondary hyperparathyroidism.Mineralization defects and hypocalcemia with secondary hyperparathyroidism have been described in patients with Paget’s disease of bone treated with bisphosphonates. Secondary hyperparathyroidism may be a potentially detrimental condition for patients with Paget’s disease of bone.
High Estradiol Levels are Associated with Increased Mortality in Older Men Referred to Coronary Angiography
Authors: Lerchbaum E. , Pilz S. , Grammer T. , Boehm B. , März W. , Obermayer-Pietsch B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere is evidence showing an important role of estrogens in men’s health. We aimed to evaluate whether estradiol levels are associated with overall mortality and specific fatal events.We measured estradiol levels in 2 078 men who were routinely referred for coronary angiography (1997–2000).The main outcome measures were Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality from all causes, from cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes including cancer according to estradiol levels.Multivariable HRs (with 95% confidence intervals) for all-cause, non-cardiovascular, and cancer mortality were 1.43 (1.08–1.91), 2.11 (1.34–3.34), and 2.27 (1.00–5.19), respectively, in the fourth estradiol quartile as compared to the first. There was no significant association of estradiol levels with cardiovascular mortality. In multivariate adjusted analyses, higher estradiol levels in men were significantly associated with prevalent strokes, peripheral vascular disease, and carotid artery stenosis compared to lower estradiol levels.High levels of estradiol are associated with all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort of older men referred to coronary angiography. Further studies are warranted to confirm our results and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Genome-Wide Comparison of Nucleotide-Binding Site-Leucine-Rich Repeat-Encoding Genes inArabidopsis
Authors: Guo Ya-Long , Fitz Joffrey , Schneeberger Korbinian , Ossowski Stephan , Cao Jun , Weigel Detlef 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPlants, like animals, use several lines of defense against pathogen attack. Prominent among genes that confer disease resistance are those encoding nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins. Likely due to selection pressures caused by pathogens, NB-LRR genes are the most variable gene family in plants, but there appear to be species-specific limits to the number of NB-LRR genes in a genome. Allelic diversity within an individual is also increased by obligatory outcrossing, which leads to genome-wide heterozygosity. In this study, we compared the NB-LRR gene complement of the selfer Arabidopsis thaliana and its outcrossing close relative Arabidopsis lyrata. We then complemented and contrasted the interspecific patterns with studies of NB-LRR diversity within A. thaliana. Three important insights are as follows: (1) that both species have similar numbers of NB-LRR genes; (2) that loci with single NB-LRR genes are less variable than tandem arrays; and (3) that presence-absence polymorphisms within A. thaliana are not strongly correlated with the presence or absence of orthologs in A. lyrata. Although A. thaliana individuals are mostly homozygous and thus potentially less likely to suffer from aberrant interaction of NB-LRR proteins with newly introduced alleles, the number of NB-LRR genes is similar to that in A. lyrata. In intraspecific and interspecific comparisons, NB-LRR genes are also more variable than receptor-like protein genes. Finally, in contrast to Drosophila, there is a clearly positive relationship between interspecific divergence and intraspecific polymorphisms.