bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further Evidence of the Anti‐inflammatory Effects of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Wong Kenneth K. Y. , Cheung Stephanie O. F. , Huang Liuming , Niu Jun , Tao Chang , Ho Chi‐Ming , Che Chi‐Ming , Tam Paul K. H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe production of pure silverin nanoparticle size has opened new dimensions in the clinical use of this precious metal. We and others have demonstrated previously that silver nanoparticles (nAg) possess efficient antimicrobial activity. Herein we show they may also have significant anti‐inflammatory effects in a postoperative peritoneal adhesion model. This finding provides further insight into the biological actions of nAg as well as a potentially novel therapy for peritoneal adhesions in clinical surgery.magnified imageWith the advent of nanoscience, pure silver can now be made into nanometer‐sized particles. As a result, we are able to explore the potentially beneficial properties of pure silver. In our previous study using a burn wound model in mice, we demonstrated that besides antibacterial action, silver nanoparticles (nAg) appear to have anti‐inflammatory properties. Herein we further confirm the anti‐inflammatory effects of nAg and explore their potential clinical application through a postoperative peritoneal adhesion model. We also elucidate the potential mechanism of action of silver. Our in vitro and in vivo experimental findings show that nAg are effective at decreasing inflammation in peritoneal adhesions without significant toxic effects. This study thus provides further evidence for and contributes to the understanding of the anti‐inflammatory properties of nAg and may also give a novel therapeutic direction for the prevention of postoperative adhesions.
Discovery of a New Class of Non‐imidazole Oxazoline‐Based Histamine H3 Receptor (H3R) Inverse Agonists
Authors: Célanire Sylvain , Wijtmans Maikel , Christophe Bernard , Collart Philippe , de Esch Iwan , Dassesse Donald , Delaunoy Christel , Denonne Frédéric , Durieu Véronique , Gelens Edith , Gillard Michel , Lallemand Bénédicte , Lamberty Yves , Lebon Florence , Nicolas Jean‐Marie , Quéré Luc , Snip Erwin , Vanbellinghen Alain , Van houtvin Nathalie , Verbois Valérie , Timmerman Henk , Talaga Patrice , Leurs Rob , Provins Laurent 
Published: April 2009

AbstractH3R inverse agonists based on an aminopropoxy‐phenyloxazoline framework constitute highly valuable druglike lead compounds that display efficacy in a mouse model of recognition memory.magnified image
Conformational Landscape of Supersonically Expanded 1‐(Fluorophenyl)ethanols and Their Monohydrated Clusters
Authors: Speranza Maurizio , Rondino Flaminia , Giardini Anna , Paladini Alessandra , Hortal Ana R. , Piccirillo Susanna , Satta Mauro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effects of the presence of the ring fluorine atom on the conformational landscape of supersonically expanded isomeric 1‐(fluorophenyl)ethanols and their monohydrated clusters are investigated by resonant two‐photon ionization (R2PI) spectroscopy, coupled with time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. In contrast to the very simple spectrum of 1‐phenylethanol, the lack of structural symmetry of the aromatic rings of isomeric 1‐(fluorophenyl)ethanols generates more complicated spectra, characterized by several low‐frequency progressions of bands. Their interpretation is based on the strict correspondence with theoretical predictions at the D‐B3LYP/6‐31G** level of theory. Monohydration of the 1‐(fluorophenyl)ethanol isomers favours exclusive formation of the corresponding conformers, characterized by the OH⋅⋅⋅OwH⋅⋅⋅π intracomplex interaction and whose excitation spectrum exhibits features attributed to the C1Cα torsion plus intermolecular water torsion.
Fluorescence activated cell sorting of live female germ cells and somatic cells of the mouse fetal gonad based on forward and side scattering
Authors: Wojtasz Lukasz , Daniel Katrin , Toth Attila 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAnalysis of female mammalian germ cells has been hindered by difficulties in isolating high purity germ cell populations from embryonic and fetal gonads. Meiotic prophase stage oocytes are particularly difficult to isolate due to the lack of suitable surface markers. Oct4 promoter driven GFP expression has been used to distinguish germ cells/oocytes (GFP positive) from somatic cells (GFP negative), however, the requirement for transgenic animals has limited the use of this technique. We analyzed the side‐ and forward scattering properties of living cell populations obtained from fetal ovaries of Oct4‐GFP transgenic and wild‐type mice. On the basis of these measurements, we defined criteria that allow the discrimination and identification of germ cells and somatic cells within cell suspensions of nontransgenic female fetal gonads. The described method is suitable for the isolation of populations of germ cells and somatic cells of higher than 90% purity. We also demonstrated that the sorted cells can be used in downstream immunofluorescence and RT‐PCR applications. Hence, we conclude that side and forward scattering based sorting of female germ cells is a valuable tool that will benefit the understanding of female gametogenesis. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Security analysis of mCrypton proper to low‐cost ubiquitous computing devices and applications
Authors: Park Jong Hyuk 
Published: April 2009

AbstractmCrypton, which is a mini‐version of Crypton, is a 64‐bit block cipher with three key size options (64 bits, 96 bits, 128 bits). It was designed for use in low‐cost ubiquitous wireless devices and resource‐constrained tiny devices such as low‐cost Radio‐Frequency Identification tags and sensors in Ubiquitous Sensor Network. In this paper we show that 8‐round mCrypton with 128‐bit key is vulnerable to related‐key rectangle attack. We first describe how to construct two related‐key truncated differentials on which 7‐round related‐key rectangle distinguisher is based and then we exploit it to attack 8‐round mCrypton. This attack requires 246 dada and 246 time complexities, which is faster than exhaustive search. This is the first known cryptanalytic result on mCrypton. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mycobacterium avium complex infection in a neck abscess: A diagnostic pitfall in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of head and neck lesions
Authors: Fitzhugh Valerie A. , McCash Samuel I. , Park Eunice , Wiesenthal Carl , LaBombardi Vincent , Chen Hua 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a useful tool in the diagnosis of mycobacterial disease, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection diagnosed with FNAB material is much rarer, with Mycobacterium avium complex being the most common. In this report, we present the case of a 21‐year‐old HIV positive man, who presented with a unilateral, tender, enlarging cervical neck mass. FNAB had revealed acute inflammation. Mycobacterium avium complex grew in culture from the material that was aspirated and was confirmed by DNA probe. Because of the paucity of articles on this subject in the cytology literature, it is important to reiterate the value of the material aspirated at the bedside and the clinic in the diagnosis of infectious disease. When faced with antibiotic‐resistant cellulitis and abscesses, the FNAB material must be sent for acid fast bacteria smears and culture. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utility of glypican‐3 and survivin in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from benign and preneoplastic hepatic lesions and metastatic carcinomas in liver fine‐needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Nassar A. , Cohen C. , Siddiqui M. T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGlypican‐3 (GPC‐3), a membrane‐anchored heparin sulfate proteoglycan, has been shown to be expressed in ∼80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but not in benign hepatic lesions. Survivin, a novel inhibitor of apoptosis, and a prognostic marker, has also been expressed in HCC. We evaluated these two immunomarkers (GPC‐3 and survivin) in differentiating HCC from benign and preneoplastic hepatic lesions and metastatic carcinomas, comparing them to HepPar‐1 (hepatocyte paraffin‐1) in liver fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB).Immunohistochemistry for GPC‐3, survivin and HepPar‐1 was performed on 92 FNAB including HCC, hepatic cirrhosis, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hepatic adenoma, dysplastic hepatic nodules and metastatic carcinomas. Immunostaining was scored as positive, if ≥10% of tumor cells stained.GPC‐3 is immunoexpressed in 56.8% of HCC, but not in benign and preneoplastic hepatic lesions, or metastatic carcinomas; whereas survivin is expressed in HCC (86.4%), benign hepatic lesions (85.7%), dysplastic hepatic nodules (100%) and metastatic carcinomas (94.3%). HepPar‐1 is immunoexpressed in HCC (72.7%), benign hepatic lesions (100%), dysplastic nodules (100%) and metastatic carcinomas (2.9%). The sensitivity and specificity of GPC‐3, survivin and HepPar‐1 for detection of HCC are 56.8 and 100%, 86.4 and 6.3%, 72.7 and 70.8%, respectively.GPC‐3 is a reliable and more specific immunohistochemical marker than survivin for the diagnosis of HCC in FNAB. HepPar‐1, although a more sensitive marker than GPC‐3, has a lower specificity for detection of HCC. Our data supports the potentially significant diagnostic utility of GPC‐3 in FNABs in differentiating primary malignant from benign and preneoplastic liver lesions, and metastatic carcinomas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Kini Jyoti R. , Kini Hema 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMalignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor is a rare cutaneous neoplasm derived from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology is being increasingly used in the investigation of primary and metastatic cutaneous tumors. However, there are few reports on the cytology of trichilemmal tumors in the literature. We describe the cytological features of this uncommon adnexal tumor presenting as a scalp mass in a 58‐year‐old woman. In view of its aggressive biological behavior, it is crucial for cytologists to be aware of this rare lesion and distinguish it from primary cutaneous squamous‐cell carcinoma. The differences on fine‐needle aspiration cytology can be subtle and pose problems in diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The anti‐interleukin‐1 in type 1 diabetes action trial—background and rationale
Authors: Pickersgill Linda M.S. , Mandrup‐Poulsen Thomas R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an inflammatory destruction of pancreatic beta‐cells. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), have been suggested to be effector molecules based on the observations that pro‐inflammatory cytokines cause beta‐cell apoptosis in vitro and aggravate diabetes in vivo, and that inhibition of the action of these cytokines reduce diabetes incidence in animal models of type 1 diabetes and islet graft destruction. This review presents the rationale for and design of a recently launched double‐blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trial that investigates the effect of interleukin‐1 antagonism on beta‐cell function in subjects with T1D of recent‐onset. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence of GAD antibodies in Korean women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their clinical characteristics during and after pregnancy
Authors: Yu Sung Hoon , Park Sunmin , Kim Hun‐Sung , Park So‐Young , Yim Chang Hoon , Han Ki Ok , Yoon Hyun Koo , Jang Hak Chul , Chung Ho Yeon , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted this research in order to evaluate the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) in Korean women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), to identify the clinical characteristics of these women, and to gauge the prevalence of diabetes among them after childbirth.MethodsWe studied 887 Korean women with GDM who were screened for GADA, and assessed their antepartum clinical characteristics and the outcomes of their pregnancies. At 6 weeks' postpartum, 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests were performed to determine the diabetic status of GDM women with GADA.ResultsThe prevalence of GADA in Korean women with GDM was 1.7%. Plasma glucose levels at 0‐ and 3‐h during oral glucose tolerance tests were significantly different between GADA‐positive and GADA‐negative women with GDM. There were no significant differences between them in terms of age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, fasting insulin, and lipid profiles. However, GADA‐positive women with GDM required insulin treatment during pregnancy more frequently than GADA‐negative patients. The development of diabetes at early postpartum was significantly higher in GADA‐positive women with GDM than those who were GADA negative.ConclusionsThe prevalence of GADA in Korean women with GDM was low. However, GADA‐positive women with GDM are more susceptible to subsequently developing type 1 diabetes, even in the early postpartum period. Long‐term follow up studies and intervention to prevent type 1 diabetes among GADA‐positive GDM women are needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Independent anti‐inflammatory effect of insulin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mao Xiao‐Ming , Liu Hao , Tao Xiao‐Jun , Yin Guo‐Ping , Li Qian , Wang Shu‐Kui 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundAlthough insulin has been reported to have an anti‐inflammatory effect, whether this effect is independent of its property to reduce blood glucose with insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes has not been investigated in detail. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent anti‐inflammatory effect of insulin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsAn 8‐week, randomized, parallel‐group study that enrolled 90 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, who were randomly assigned to receive either insulin or metformin, was carried out. The doses of insulin and metformin were titrated according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) during the 4 weeks; the target of FPG was 126 mg/dL and that of PPG was 160 mg/dL. The blood glucose levels were kept stabilized till the end of the study. The serum concentrations of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin (IL)‐6 were measured before starting the study and 4 and 8 weeks after initiation of insulin or metformin therapy.ResultsAfter 4 weeks of dose titration, the levels of FPG were reduced in the two groups compared to baseline (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). During the next 4 weeks' treatment, the levels of FPG were stable, but the serum concentration of hsCRP and IL‐6 was markedly reduced in the insulin‐treated group compared with that in the metformin‐treated group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur data suggest that insulin has an anti‐inflammatory effect that is independent of the reduction it causes in blood glucose. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defensin‐related peptide 1 (Defr1) is allelic to Defb8 and chemoattracts immature DC and CD4+ T cells independently of CCR6
Authors: Taylor Karen , Rolfe Mark , Reynolds Natalie , Kilanowski Fiona , Pathania Uday , Clarke Dave , Yang De , Oppenheim Joost , Samuel Kay , Howie Sarah , Barran Perdita , Macmillan Derek , Campopiano Dominic , Dorin Julia 
Published: April 2009

Abstractβ‐Defensins comprise a family of cationic, antimicrobial and chemoattractant peptides. The six cysteine canonical motif is retained throughout evolution and the disulphide connectivities stabilise the conserved monomer structure. A murine β‐defensin gene (Defr1) present in the main defensin cluster of C57B1/6 mice, encodes a peptide with only five of the canonical six cysteine residues. In other inbred strains of mice, the allele encodes Defb8, which has the six cysteine motif. We show here that in common with six cysteine β‐defensins, defensin‐related peptide 1 (Defr1) displays chemoattractant activity for CD4+ T cells and immature DC (iDC), but not mature DC cells or neutrophils. Murine Defb2 replicates this pattern of attraction. Defb8 is also able to attract iDC but not mature DC. Synthetic analogues of Defr1 with the six cysteines restored (Defr1 Y5C) or with only a single cysteine (Defr1‐1cV) chemoattract CD4+ T cells with reduced activity, but do not chemoattract DC. β‐Defensins have previously been shown to attract iDC through CC receptor 6 (CCR6) but neither Defr1 or its related peptides nor Defb8, chemoattract cells overexpressing CCR6. Thus, we demonstrate that the canonical six cysteines of β‐defensins are not required for the chemoattractant activity of Defr1 and that neither Defr1 nor the six cysteine polymorphic variant allele Defb8, act through CCR6.
Direct recognition of LPS by human but not murine CD8+ T cells via TLR4 complex
Authors: Komai‐Koma Mousa , Gilchrist Derek S. , Xu Damo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLPS comprises a major PAMP and is a key target of the immune system during bacterial infection. While LPS can be recognised by innate immune cells via the TLR4 complex, it is unknown whether T lymphocytes, especially CD8+ T cells are also capable of doing so. We report here that naïve human CD8+ T cells, after activation by TCR stimulation, express surface TLR4 and CD14. These activated CD8+ T cells can then secrete high concentrations of IFN‐γ, granzyme and perforin in response to LPS. These effects can be specifically inhibited using siRNA for TLR4. Furthermore, LPS can synergise with IL‐12 to polarise the CD8+ T cells into cytotoxic T‐cell 1 (Tc1) that produce IFN‐γ but not IL‐4, with or without TCR activation. Moreover, CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells constitutively expressed TLR4 and markedly enhanced IFN‐γ production when stimulated with LPS. In contrast, activated murine CD8+ T cells lack TLR4 and CD14 expression and fail to respond to LPS for proliferation and cytokine production. Thus, human but not murine CD8+ T cells are able to directly recognise bacterial LPS via LPS receptor complex and TLR4 provides a novel signal for the activation of effector and memory human CD8+ T cells.
Regulatory T cells enter the pancreas during suppression of type 1 diabetes and inhibit effector T cells and macrophages in a TGF‐β‐dependent manner
Authors: Tonkin Daniel R. , Haskins Kathryn 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTreg can suppress autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, but their in vivo activity during suppression remains poorly characterized. In type 1 diabetes, Treg activity has been demonstrated in the pancreatic lymph node, but little has been studied in the pancreas, the site of autoimmune islet destruction. In this study we induced islet‐specific Treg from the BDC‐6.9 TCR transgenic mouse by activation of T cells in the presence of TGF‐β. These Treg can suppress spontaneous diabetes as well as transfer of diabetes into NOD.scid mice by diabetic NOD spleen cells or activated BDC‐2.5 TCR transgenic Th1 effector T cells. In the latter transfer model, we observed infiltration of the pancreas by both effector T cells and Treg, suggesting that Treg are active in the inflammatory site and are not just restricted to the draining lymph node. Within the pancreas, we demonstrate that Treg transfer causes a reduction in the number of effector Th1 T cells and macrophages, and also inhibits effector T‐cell cytokine and chemokine production. Although we found no role for TGF‐β in vitro, transfection of effector T cells with a dominant‐negative TGF‐β receptor demonstrated that in vivo suppression of diabetes by TGF‐β‐induced Treg is TGF‐β‐dependent.
Granzyme A expression reveals distinct cytolytic CTL subsets following influenza A virus infection
Authors: Moffat Jessica M. , Gebhardt Thomas , Doherty Peter C. , Turner Stephen J. , Mintern Justine D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCTL mediate anti‐viral immunity via targeted exocytosis of cytolytic granules containing perforin and members of the granzyme (grz) serine protease family. Here, we provide the first analysis of grzA protein expression by murine anti‐viral CTL. During the progression of influenza A virus infection, CTL expressed two divergent cytolytic phenotypes: grzA−B+ and grzA+B+. CTL lacked grzA expression during the initial rounds of antigen‐driven division. High levels of grzA were expressed by influenza‐specific CTL early post infection (day 6), particularly in tissues associated with the infected respiratory tract (bronchoalveolar lavage, lung). Following resolution of influenza infection, a small population of memory CTL expressed grzA. Interestingly, individual influenza A virus‐derived epitope‐specific CTL expressed different levels of grzA. The grzA expression hierarchy was determined to be KbPB1703=DbF262=KbNS2114>DbNP366=DbPA224 and inversely correlated with CTL magnitude. Therefore following influenza infection, a CTL cytolytic hierarchy was established relating to the different profiles of antigen expression and relative immunodominance. Analysis of CTL grzA expression during influenza virus immunity has enabled a more detailed insight into the cytolytic mechanisms of virus elimination.
Requirement of phospholipase C‐γ2 (PLCγ2) for Dectin‐1‐induced antigen presentation and induction of TH1/TH17 polarization
Authors: Tassi Ilaria , Cella Marina , Castro Iris , Gilfillan Susan , Khan Wasif N. , Colonna Marco 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDC recognize microbial components through an array of receptors known as PRR. PRR initiate intracellular signals, which engender DC with the capacity to stimulate T‐cell responses. Dectin‐1 is a PRR that recognizes β‐glucan, a major constituent of many fungi's outer cell wall. Here we show that Dectin‐1 activates DC through phospholipase (PLC)γ2 signaling. PLCγ2‐deficient DC were unable to expand antigen‐specific T cells and induce TH1 and TH17 differentiation in response to β‐glucan. Mechanistically, PLCγ2‐deficiency impaired the capacity of DC to secrete polarizing cytokines following exposure to β‐glucan. Dectin‐1 required PLCγ2 to activate MAPK, AP‐1 and NF‐κB, which induce cytokine gene expression. Moreover, PLCγ2 controlled Dectin‐1‐mediated NFAT activation and induction of NFAT‐dependent genes such as IL‐2, cyclooxigenase‐2 and Egr transcription factors. We conclude that PLCγ2 is a crucial signaling mediator that modifies DC gene expression program to activate DC responses to β‐glucan‐containing pathogens.