bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cooking Temperatures on the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Chicken Stock
Authors: Krasnow Mark , Bunch Tucker , Shoemaker Charles , Loss Christopher R. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  As a base for sauces, soups, and cooking liquids for meats, grains, and vegetables, stocks can be integral to the overall quality of restaurant menu items, however, science‐based studies on the effects of cooking methods on the physiochemical and sensory properties of stock are lacking. The effects of starting (22 °C, 85 °C, and 99 °C) and cooking temperatures (85 °C and 99 °C) of chicken stock on clarity, color, viscosity, protein content, amino acid content, mineral content, and overall liking were measured. Protein content and viscosity were significantly higher for stocks cooked at 99 °C, but no effect on amino acid content, color, or clarity was observed. Calcium concentration in stocks cooked at 99 °C was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower (9.3 and 10.1 mg/mL, for stocks started at temperatures of 22 and 99 °C, respectively) than stock cooked at 85 °C (16.6 and 17.5 mg/mL for stocks started at temperatures of 22 and 85 °C, respectively). Stocks prepared at 99 °C scored higher on overall liking compared to commercial samples and those cooked at 85 °C (P= 0.0101). These data can be used by culinary scientists and professionals to develop more efficient techniques in the kitchen, and by product developers to optimize the overall quality and acceptance of stock.Practical Application:  This work documents the effects of preparation method on the physical and chemical properties, and consumer acceptance of chicken stock. This information can be used by product developers, culinary scientists, and professional chefs to optimize stock‐based products. Culinary educators can use this information to provide students with objective evidence‐based rationale for the techniques underlying a celebrated culinary tradition. This is also an example of how research can facilitate collaboration between culinary and food science professionals.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, 15‐LOX, and AGEs Inhibitions by Pineapple Stem Waste
Authors: Upadhyay Atul , Chompoo Jamnian , Araki Nobuharu , Tawata Shinkichi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Pineapple stem has been extensively used for bromelain extraction; however, almost no attention has been given to the waste obtained during bromelain manufacturing. In this regard, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and inhibitions against 15‐lipoxygenase and advanced glycation end product formations by pineapple stem waste (PSW) obtained during bromelain manufacturing process were studied. The PSW had moderate bioactivities in all the performed assays. It also showed a considerable inhibition against fungal growth, probably due to high amounts of the benzoic acid present in the sample. These results indicate that PSW could be utilized as an economic source of preventive or therapeutic agent in disease and in different functional food industries.Practical Application:  A large amount of wastes are generated during bromelain manufacturing from pineapple stem. So far, these wastes are not utilized and are often considered as a burden while disposing them. However, we found some important phytochemicals with considerable bioactivities in these wastes. We believe that these wastes may have a promising usage as a cheap source of one of the ingredients in functional food based industries.
Impact of Storage Time and Temperature on Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 on Oil‐Roasted Almonds
Authors: Abd Shirin J. , McCarthy Kathryn L. , Harris Linda J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Whole Nonpareil variety almonds were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 and stored at 4 or 23 °C for up to 48 wk. At 1, 12, 24, 37, and 48 wk of storage, almonds were heated by immersion in 121 °C oil. After heating for 0.5 to 2.5 min, almonds were drained, transferred to tryptic soy broth, and mixed with a stomacher prior to plating onto tryptic soy and bismuth sulfite agars. Over the 48 wk of storage, Salmonella declined by 0.5 and 2.1 log CFU/g at 4 and 23 °C, respectively. The survivor inactivation curves were upwardly concave with rapid initial reductions in the levels of Salmonella. For up to 24 wk of storage, the mean counts of the survivors after treatment were not significantly different. The Weibull model predicted 4‐ and 5‐log reductions of Salmonella in 0.85 ± 0.16 and 1.8 ± 0.43 min, respectively, for almonds stored at 4 °C, and in 1.6 ± 0.53 and 3.2 ± 1.0 min, respectively, for almonds stored at 23 °C. Refrigerated storage had little impact on heat resistance of Salmonella that were inoculated on almonds.Practical Application:  This research provides information of value in performing or evaluating validation studies for thermally processed almonds. The sensitivity of Salmonella to oil roasting is demonstrated during typical commercial almond storage times and temperatures.
Antioxidant Inhibitors Potentiate the Cytotoxicity of Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kimani Stanley G. , Phillips James B. , Bruce James I. , MacRobert Alexander J. , Golding Jon P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an increasingly popular anticancer treatment that uses photosensitizer, light and tissue oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) within illuminated cells. Acting to counteract ROS‐mediated damage are various cellular antioxidant pathways. In this study, we combined PDT with specific antioxidant inhibitors to potentiate PDT cytotoxicity in MCF‐7 cancer cells. We used disulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine photosensitizer plus various combinations of the antioxidant inhibitors: diethyl‐dithiocarbamate (DDC, a Cu/Zn‐SOD inhibitor), 2‐methoxyestradiol (2‐ME, a Mn‐SOD inhibitor), l‐buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, a glutathione synthesis inhibitor) and 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (3‐AT, a catalase inhibitor). BSO, singly or in combination with other antioxidant inhibitors, significantly potentiated PDT cytotoxicity, corresponding with increased ROS levels and apoptosis. The greatest potentiation of cell death over PDT alone was seen when cells were preincubated for 24 h with 300 μm BSO plus 10 mm 3‐AT (1.62‐fold potentiation) or 300 μm BSO plus 1 μm 2‐ME (1.52‐fold), or with a combination of all four inhibitors (300 μm BSO, 10 mm 3‐AT, 1 μm 2‐ME and 10 μm DDC: 1.4‐fold). As many of these inhibitors have already been clinically tested, this work facilitates future in vivo studies.
High burden of rheumatic diseases in Lebanon: a COPCORD study
Authors: CHAAYA Monique , SLIM Zeinab N. , HABIB Rima R. , ARAYSSI Thurayya , DANA Rouwayda , HAMDAN Omar , ASSI Maher , ISSA Zeinab , UTHMAN Imad 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  To estimate the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Lebanon and to explore their distribution by geographic location, age, and gender.Method:  Using the Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) methodology, a random sample of 3530 individuals aged 15 and above was interviewed from the six Lebanese governorates. Positive respondents were evaluated by rheumatologists using the internationally accepted classification criterion of the American College of Rheumatology for the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases.Results:  Prevalence rates of current and past musculoskeletal problems were 24.4% and 8.4%, respectively. Shoulder (14.3%), knee (14.2%) and back (13.6%) were the most common pain sites. Point prevalence of rheumatic diseases was 15.0%. The most frequent types of rheumatic diseases were of mechanical origin, namely soft tissue rheumatism (5.8%) and osteoarthritis (4.0%). Rheumatoid arthritis (1.0%) and spondylathropathies (0.3%) constituted the most common inflammatory diseases. Coastal areas had the lowest prevalence of all diseases except for fibromyalgia. All diseases showed an increasing prevalence pattern with age and a higher prevalence among women than men.Conclusion:  This is the first study to give population‐based estimates of rheumatic diseases in Lebanon. The high burden calls for public health attention for early detection, control and prevention of these conditions. Point prevalence of individual diseases was within the range of results from other COPCORD surveys with some variations that can be attributed to differences in methodology and geo‐ethnic factors.
Do variations in allocation concealment methods influence the effects found in intervention reviews?
Authors: Naing Cho , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Aung Kyan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective (i) To explore any discrepancies in intervention effects between a set of Cochrane reviews that includes trials with liberal criteria and a set with restrictive criteria in which trials with liberal design have been removed from the review, and (ii) to suggest ways to improve the quality of evidence.Methods A documentary analysis of three Cochrane reviews of intervention studies. The selection of the Cochrane reviews was based on a two‐stage sampling. The stability of effect measures after removal of trials with liberal design was investigated.Results In two of the three reviews, we found changes in the original effect measure of the intervention after removing the studies without allocation concealment. One of these reported an 87% greater relative risk when randomized trials with liberal design were included. In the other, the risk was 19.5% lower when randomized trials with liberal design were included.Conclusions The instability of the effect measure indicates the importance of allocation concealment during recruitment for clinical trials. We recommend further research incorporating a large number of intervention reviews and factors other than allocation concealment.
Improving health research governance and management in the Western Pacific: A WHO Expert Consultation
Authors: Rani Manju , Bekedam Hendrik , Buckley Brian S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRepeated calls have been made in recent decades to increase investments in health research, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). However, the perceived low relevance and quality of health research, poor visibility of outputs, and difficulties in tracking current levels of and returns on investments have undermined efforts to advocate for additional investments in these countries. Some of these issues emanate from inadequate governance and management systems for health research at the national level, which are ineffective in tracking and steering the research portfolio and investments, ensuring quality, and facilitating access to research outputs. In spite of this, the value, necessity, and cost of performing health research management and governance functions are not well appreciated, especially in LMIC.To address this, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for the Western Pacific organized an expert consultation in August 2011, involving experts from 14 of its developed and developing member states and from leading research organizations such as the Wellcome Trust.The consultation identified essential health research governance and management functions that must be performed by appropriate organizational entities to maximize returns on health research investments. In addition, three specific areas for intervention were considered: (1) prospective research registration in publicly accessible national health research registries; (2) systematic health research data archiving and wider access; and (3) national research ethics systems.A consensus was reached on the need to invest more in essential health research and management functions, including establishing publicly accessible web‐based national health research registries for prospective registration of health research, setting up systems to archive and share health research data, and improving the governance of research ethics committees. The consultation also concluded that the costs of performing these functions are legitimate and necessary research costs that must be shouldered by research funding organizations.
Comparison of short‐term outcomes and perioperative systemic immunity of laparoscopy‐assisted and open radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Xin‐Zu , Hu Jian‐Kun , Liu Jin , Yang Kun , Zhou Zong‐Guang , Wang Lan‐Lan , Yang Chen , Zhang Bo , Chen Zhi‐Xin , Chen Jia‐Ping 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective: To compare the perioperative systemic immunity of laparoscopy‐assisted and open radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods: Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma proven by endoscopy and biopsy were eligible, while patients with preoperative staging of T4, N2–3, or M1 were excluded. Eligible patients willing to undertake laparoscopic surgery in the consecutive cohort were assigned to the laparoscopy‐assisted gastrectomy (LAG) group, while concurrent patients were assigned to the conventional open gastrectomy (OG) group. All operations were performed with the intention of radical resection. Various immunological parameters were tested in peripheral venous blood collected at preoperative 1st day and postoperative 2nd day (POD2) and 7th day (POD7). SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results: Thirty patients were included, 15 each in the LAG and OG groups. The general characteristics and short‐term outcomes (harvested lymph nodes number, hospital stay, complications, and mortality rate) of the two groups were comparable, but the operation time was significantly longer in LAG (P = 0.001). Moreover, intergroup comparisons indicated no significant differences between the groups in levels of neutrophils, T‐lymphocytes, natural killer cells, IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4, interleukin‐6, or interleukin‐10 at any time point (P > 0.05). However, there was a gradual decrease in natural killer cell count in the LAG group up to POD7 (P = 0.008).Conclusion: The changes in systemic immunity markers were comparable between laparoscopy‐assisted and open gastrectomy for gastric cancer. However, there was a trend of suppression of natural killer cells in the laparoscopy‐assisted gastrectomy group.
Effect of prednisone administration on coagulation variables in healthyBeagle dogs
Authors: Rose Lara J. , Dunn Marilyn E. , Allegret Virginie , Bédard Christian 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundLong‐term corticosteroid therapy has been associated with increased risk of thrombotic disease in dogs.ObjectiveThe purpose of this prospective study was to use thrombelastography (TEG) and thrombin generation (TG) to detect development of a hypercoagulable state in healthyBeagle dogs receiving oral prednisone. We hypothesized that administration of corticosteroids would result in a hypercoagulable profile onTEGtracings and an increase inTG.MethodsSix healthy adultBeagles from the University ofMontreal's research colony were used to conduct a prospective longitudinal study in which all dogs received 1 mg/kg of prednisone orally once daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 6‐week washout period, and then 4 mg/kg of prednisone orally once daily for 2 weeks.TEGtracings on citrated whole blood andTGmeasurements on frozen‐thawed platelet‐poor plasma were obtained before prednisone administration (baseline), at the end of the washout period, and at the end of both corticosteroid trials.ResultsSignificant differences compared with baseline values were obtained forK, α, andMA, with tracings compatible with a hypercoagulable profile following both corticosteroid trials. There was a significant increase in endogenous thrombin potential only after low‐dose (1 mg/kg) prednisone.ConclusionAdministration of prednisone to healthyBeagles resulted in hypercoagulability as indicated byTEGtracings, whereas the effect onTGwas more variable. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms of hypercoagulability and its clinical impact.
Detection of Bartonella henselae IgM in Serum of Experimentally Infected and Naturally Exposed Cats
Authors: Ficociello J. , Bradbury C. , Morris A. , Lappin M.R. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundResults of Bartonella henselae blood culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on blood, or IgG antibody assays do not always correlate with the presence or absence of clinical disease in cats, and B. henselae IgG antibodies in serum do not always correlate with bacteremia. However, little is known concerning Bartonella spp. IgM antibodies in naturally exposed cats.HypothesisBartonella spp. IgM antibodies in serum are associated with fever, stomatitis, and bacteremia based on PCR assay results in experimentally infected or client‐owned cats.AnimalsStored sera from cats experimentally infected with B. henselae by exposure to Ctenocephalides felis, client‐owned cats with and without fever, and client‐owned cats with and without stomatitis were studied.MethodsA Bartonella spp. IgM ELISA was titrated with samples from experimentally infected cats and then test sera from client‐owned cats were assayed. Associations among IgM ELISA results, clinical findings, and bacteremia as defined by Bartonella spp. PCR assay were assessed.ResultsAll experimentally infected cats developed Bartonella spp. IgM antibodies. Bartonella spp. IgM antibody assay results were not always in agreement with PCR assay results in client‐owned cats (60%). Bartonella spp. DNA in blood, IgM antibodies, and IgG antibodies were not associated with the presence of fever or stomatitis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBecause Bartonella spp. IgM antibodies as measured by this assay were not associated with fever or stomatitis and were not always in agreement with PCR assay results, there appears to be little need for assessing individual client‐owned cats for this antibody class alone.
Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Dogs and Cats: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Control
Authors: Marks S.L. , Rankin S.C. , Byrne B.A. , Weese J.S. 
Published: November 2011

This report offers a consensus opinion on the diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and control of the primary enteropathogenic bacteria in dogs and cats, with an emphasis onClostridium difficile,Clostridium perfringens,Campylobacterspp.,Salmonellaspp., andEscherichia coliassociated with granulomatous colitis in Boxers. Veterinarians are challenged when attempting to diagnose animals with suspected bacterial‐associated diarrhea because well‐scrutinized practice guidelines that provide objective recommendations for implementing fecal testing are lacking. This problem is compounded by similar isolation rates for putative bacterial enteropathogens in animals with and without diarrhea, and by the lack of consensus among veterinary diagnostic laboratories as to which diagnostic assays should be utilized. Most bacterial enteropathogens are associated with self‐limiting diarrhea, and injudicious administration of antimicrobials could be more harmful than beneficial.SalmonellaandCampylobacterare well‐documented zoonoses, but antimicrobial administration is not routinely advocated in uncomplicated cases and supportive therapy is recommended. Basic practices of isolation, use of appropriate protective equipment, and proper cleaning and disinfection are the mainstays of control. Handwashing with soap and water is preferred over use of alcohol‐based hand sanitizers because spores ofC. difficileandC. perfringensare alcohol‐resistant, but susceptible to bleach (1 : 10 to 1 : 20 dilution of regular household bleach) and accelerated hydrogen peroxide. The implementation of practice guidelines in combination with the integration of validated molecular‐based testing and conventional testing is pivotal if we are to optimize the identification and management of enteropathogenic bacteria in dogs and cats.
Canine Cutaneous Perivascular Wall Tumors at First Presentation: Clinical Behavior and Prognostic Factors in 55 Cases
Authors: Stefanello D. , Avallone G. , Ferrari R. , Roccabianca P. , Boracchi P. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundCanine cutaneous perivascular wall tumors (c‐PWT) are soft tissue sarcomas recently identified when hemangiopericytomas were reclassified. No previous clinical data are available for c‐PWT.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo define the clinical behavior and prognostic role of clinical and pathological variables in a homogeneous population of c‐PWT.AnimalsFifty‐five c‐PWT in 53 client‐owned dogs at first presentation undergoing surgery.MethodsRetrospective case series. The endpoint was the relapse of tumor (local and/or distant). The prognostic values of clinical (age, sex, weight, site and tumor size, adjuvant therapy) and pathological (status of surgical margins, histological grade, mitosis, percentage of tumor necrosis) variables were investigated by univariate and bivariate analyses (P < .05). The pattern of associations between variables was explored by multivariate correspondence analysis (MCA).ResultsTwelve dogs had a relapse. Ten dogs had local recurrence, 1 had metastatic disease, and 1 had both. The estimated probability of local recurrence was 0.02, 0.08, 0.20, and 0.24 at 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Size of the tumor was a significant prognostic factor while status of margins had only a clinically relevant hazard ratio. InMCAevaluation, young age, tumor size (< 5 cm), grade I, and location in the extremities were associated. Association was also observed for older age, tumor size (> 5 cm), gradeII, and other location.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceC‐PWTtend to locally recur a long time after surgery. An early diagnosis of c‐PWTassociated with small tumor size (< 5 cm) and clean surgical margins ensures a good prognosis independently of histological grade.
White Blood Cell Count and the Sodium to Potassium Ratio to Screen for Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs
Authors: Seth M. , Drobatz K.J. , Church D.B. , Hess R.S. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundAbnormal sodium to potassium (Na : K) ratios can raise suspicion for hypoadrenocorticism (HA). Although dogs with HA usually have normal leukograms, their white blood cell counts may be useful in screening for HA.ObjectivesTo examine the utility of combining theNa : Kratio with white blood cell counts to screen forHAin hospitalized dogs requiring fluid treatment administered IV.AnimalsFifty‐three dogs with confirmedHAand 110 sick dogs confirmed not to haveHA.MethodsRetrospective, case‐control study. Dogs were included if they were hospitalized and administered fluids IV, had a complete blood count and measurement of serum Na and K concentrations.HAwas diagnosed using anACTHstimulation test, or ruled out by measurement of basal serum cortisol concentration.ResultsThe receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the lymphocyte count was not significantly different from theROCcurve of theNa : Kratio (P = .55). TheROCcurve for the model combining theNa : Kratio and lymphocyte count was superior for identifying dogs withHAcompared to theNa : Kratio (P = .02) or lymphocyte count (P = .005) alone. At the 100% sensitivity cutoff, lymphocyte count was more specific for detection ofHAthanNa : K(P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA combination of theNa : Kratio and lymphocyte count provides a better screening test forHAcompared to theNa : Kratio or lymphocyte count alone. At 100% sensitivity, the lymphocyte count is a more specific test forHAthan theNa : K.