bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Conflict Couple Interaction and the Role of Relative Power
Authors: Yeager Erica Owens 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAll romantic couples experience some conflict. However, some couples seem to fight often enough, or severely enough, that the relationship suffers and the partners become emotionally distanced. For other couples, a breakup or divorce does not allow them to cut ties because of shared parenting responsibilities. In such cases, ongoing conflict likely deepened during the divorce process may continue indefinitely. This paper explores the designation of high‐conflict couples, and groups these couples by those that are still together and by those that have dissolved a partnership and yet must still interact. In each case, the suggested contributors to high‐conflict interaction are given. I argue that current sociological understanding of high‐conflict partnerships is limited by false dichotomies between intact and unpartnered couples, as well as between violent and nonviolent conflict. I draw from the psychoanalytic and counseling literature as well, to suggest that interpersonal power, and perceived relative lack of power in relation to the other, is a common factor that bridges these discrete groups. Finally, I discuss negative consequences of such interaction and reiterate the need for further scholarship in this area.
ON A PARABOLIC FREE BOUNDARY EQUATION MODELING PRICE FORMATION
Authors: MARKOWICH P. A. , MATEVOSYAN N. , PIETSCHMANN J.-F. , WOLFRAM M.-T. 
Published: July 2009

We discuss existence and uniqueness of solutions for a one-dimensional parabolic evolution equation with a free boundary. This problem was introduced by Lasry and Lions as description of the dynamical formation of the price of a trading good. Short time existence and uniqueness is established by a contraction argument. Then we discuss the issue of global-in-time-extension of the local solution which is closely related to the regularity of the free boundary. We also present numerical results.
Abortion and domestic violence
Authors: Aston Gillian , Bewley Susan 
Published: July 2009

Domestic violence is a common problem.
Higher rates are found when abortion is repeated or not disclosed to partners.
Policy makers and abortion providers need to consider the healthcare needs of abused women.
Doctors can identify women experiencing domestic violence and provide support, including information about available resources.
Changes to abortion law could particularly affect women who have been raped or who experience domestic violence.

Learning objectives:

To understand the relationship between domestic violence and abortion.
To distinguish facts about domestic violence from cultural myths.

Ethical issues:

Training staff to deal with domestic violence requires support for those staff who are survivors or perpetrators of violence.
Whatever the moral status of the fetus, domestic violence in pregnancy is a crime against women.

Please cite this article as: Aston G, Bewley S. Abortion and domestic violence. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2009;11:163–168.
Superconductivity in covalent semiconductors
Authors: Iakoubovskii Konstantin 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This review covers recent advances in superconductivity of diamond, Si, SiC, group III–V and II–IV semiconductors, metal-intercalated graphite and fullerites. The results are critically analyzed and prospects are given for future research directions. In particular, it is argued that the highest transition temperatures of ∼9 K in diamond and 11.5 K in CaC6 can further be enhanced and that no reliable evidence exists yet for superconductivity in III-V semiconductors.
Evaluating Potential Factors Affecting Puma Puma concolor Abundance in the Mexican Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Laundré John W. , Salazar Joel Loredo , Hernández Lucina , López Daniel Nuñez 
Published: July 2009

The distribution and abundance of pumas Puma concolor within mountain ranges of similar size in the Mexican Chihuahuan desert is known to vary. In 2001–2002, we tested 11 variables pertaining to habitat composition, prey abundance and anthropogenic factors to identify which ones might explain the difference in puma abundance between two mountain ranges (El Cuervo and Sierra Rica) of similar size. We found that shrub density (32.2±1.9 (SE) vs 30.0±1.7 shrubs/km2) and diversity (2.1±0.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.1) did not differ between the two ranges. However, El Cuervo had significantly lower density of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus (158.3 ± 62.6/km2 vs 703.3± 296.1/km2) and collared peccary Tayassu tajacu (5.0 ± 2.8/km2 vs 146.7± 70.1/km2) faecal groups than Sierra Rica. Conversely, anthropogenic factors such as road density (52.4 km/100 km2 vs 43.9 km/100km2), town density (25 towns/100 km2 vs 6 towns/100 km2) and human density (6 individuals/100 km2 vs 0.08 individuals/100 km2), were higher for El Cuervo than for Sierra Rica. We hypothesized that anthropogenic factors were the most important in explaining the difference in abundance of pumas between the two ranges. We propose that the higher number of people and accessibility to El Cuervo results in a high incidence of illegal hunting which suppresses prey and puma populations. We discuss the consequences of our results to the conservation of pumas in the Mexican Chihuahuan desert.
Hypothyroidism with Ascites
Authors: Miah Md Titu , Khan Raihan Rotap , Nur Zannatun , Romel Syed Mohammad Ali , Patwary Md Kamal Hossain , Kabir Shah Mohd Eftar Jahan 
Published: July 2009

Primary hypothyroidism is a common clinical condition. Ascites caused by hypothyroidism is rare. So its diagnosis is often delayed and patients frequently receive unnecessary procedures such as liver biopsies and exploratory laparotomies. We report a male person of 58 years with hypothyroidism with ascites who responded well with thyroid hormone replacement therapy with complete resolution of ascites. Analyses of ascites from patients in this condition usually shows exudative ascites with high protein (>2.5 g/dL) and SAAG < 1.1 gm/dl. High index of suspicion is required to reach at such diagnosis. Though it is a rare but prognosis is excellent with replacement therapy. Key words: Ascites, Hypothyroidism. doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2828 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 121-123
Pork Tapeworm (<i>Taenia Saginata Asiatica</i>) Infection in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Md Robed , Rabbi Shekh Fazle , Zaman Md Ferdous , Rahman Md Khalilur 
Published: July 2009

Tapeworm infection is most common in cattle and pork breeding areas. Humans are the definitive host. Gravid segments of T saginata are passed in human feces to soil, where they are ingested by grazing animals, especially cattle. The eggs then hatch to release embryos that encyst in muscle as cysticerci. Humans are infected by eating raw or undercooked infected beef. Most individuals infected with T saginata are asymptomatic, but abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms may be present. Eosinophilia is common. The most common presenting finding is the passage of proglottids in the stool. Treatment is highly satisfactory with praziquantel. Taenia Saginata Asiatica is a variant of Taenia saginata where the intermediate host is Pork. Normally the pork tapeworm is mean for Taenia solium. But in case of asiatica variant it is Taenia Saginata that can also lead to pork tapeworm infection. It is not uncommon in south east asia region. Here is a case report of pork tapeworm in a primary are hospital in Bangladesh Key words: Pork, Tapeworm, Taenia Saginata Asiatica, Rural doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2832 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 135-138
Content-based Image Retrieval for Scientific Literature Access
Authors: Antani S. , Long Rodney , Deserno T. M. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Objectives: An increasing number of articles are published electronically in the scientific literature, but access is limited to alphanumerical search on title, author, or abstract, and may disregard numerous figures. In this paper, we estimate the benefits of using content-based image retrieval (CBIR) on article figures to augment traditional access to articles. Methods: We selected four high-impact journals from the Journal Citations Report (JCR) 2005. Figures were automatically extracted from the PDF article files, and manually classified on their content and number of sub-figure panels. We make a quantitative estimate by projecting from data from the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (Image-CLEF) campaigns, and qualitatively validate it through experiments using the Image Retrieval in Medical Applications (IRMA) project.
Results: Based on 2077 articles with 11,753 pages, 4493 figures, and 11,238 individual images, the predicted accuracy for article retrieval may reach 97.08%.
Conclusions: Therefore, CBIR potentially has a high impact in medical literature search and retrieval.
CDISC Standard-based Electronic Archiving of Clinical Trials
Authors: Aerts J. , Semler S. C. , Ohmann C. , Kuchinke W. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Objectives: Our objectives were to develop, based on the analysis of archived clinical trial documents and data and on the requirements of GCP-compliant electronic archiving, a concept for legally secure and technically feasible archiving of the entire clinical trial, including the essential documents of the trial master file and the study database.
Methods: Based on own experiences with CDISC, existing implementations and future developments, CDISC standards were evaluated concerning requirements for archiving clinical studies. Trial master files of a small, medium and large clinical study were analyzed to collect specifications for electronic archiving of records.
Results: Two different ways of long-term storage exist for the clinical trial archive: document-oriented archival and data archiving of the study database. The trial master file has a highly complex structure; its different parts can vary greatly in size, depending of the working style of investigators, number of patients recruited, the number of adverse event reports and the number of queries. The CDISC standard ODM is especially suited for archiving clinical trials, because among other features it contains the entire clinical trial data and full audit trail information. On the other hand SDTM is a content standard suited for data warehouses. Two recent developments in CDISC will affect the archival of studies: the further development of ODM in the area of “eCRF submission” and the use of “Electronic Source Data”.
Conclusions: The complexity and size of the trial master file requires new solutions. Though ODM provides effective means to archive the study database, it shows still deficiencies, especially for the joint archiving of data and the complex documentation of the trial master file. A concept was developed in which the ODM standard is part of an integrated archiving of the trial data and documents. ODM archiving of the study database enables long-term storage which is GCP-compliant. Archiving of documents of the trial master file in PDF/A, including links and electronic signatures, as well as the storage of selected study data in a data warehouse at the sponsor site in SDTM are the other components of the concept.
CD1d-Based Combination Therapy Eradicates Established Tumors in Mice
Authors: Teng Michele W. L. , Sharkey Janelle , McLaughlin Nicole M. , Exley Mark A. , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The use of Abs that induce tumor cell death together with immunostimulatory reagents to activate innate and adaptive immune cells has emerged as a potent approach for the treatment of cancer. We have previously demonstrated that the use of three mAbs (anti-DR5, anti-CD40, anti-CD137) termed TriMab can induce rejection in a majority of mice with established experimental or carcinogen-induced tumors. However, given the potential toxicity of CD40 agonists in the clinic, we tested an alternative approach to directly activate/mature APCs using anti-CD1d mAbs. In this study, we used a combination of three mAbs (anti-DR5, anti-CD137, anti-CD1d) that we termed 1DMab and demonstrated that this approach suppressed and/or eradicated established experimental renal, breast, and colon carcinomas in mice. Tumor suppression induced by 1DMab therapy required CD8+ T cells, IFN-γ, and CD1d, while NK cells and IL-12 were partially required. Interestingly 1DMab therapy was more effective than TriMab in tumor models regulated by CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells, but less efficacious against tumors where T regulatory cells were critical. Anti-CD1d mAbs could also be relatively effective in combination with anti-CD137 and conventional chemotherapeutics. This is the first study to illustrate the antitumor activity of CD1d-reactive mAbs in combination and our results strongly suggest that rational combination chemoimmunotherapies based on tumor immunoregulation may improve the efficacy of treatment.
Incorporation of NKT Cell-Activating Glycolipids Enhances Immunogenicity and Vaccine Efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Authors: Venkataswamy Manjunatha M. , Baena Andres , Goldberg Michael F. , Bricard Gabriel , Im Jin S. , Chan John , Reddington Faye , Besra Gurdyal S. , Jacobs William R. , Porcelli Steven A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis known as bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been widely used as a vaccine for prevention of disease by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but with relatively little evidence of success. Recent studies suggest that the failure of BCG may be due to its retention of immune evasion mechanisms that delay or prevent the priming of robust protective cell-mediated immunity. In this study, we describe an approach to enhance the immunogenicity of BCG by incorporating glycolipid activators of CD1d-restricted NKT cells, a conserved T cell subset with the potential to augment many types of immune responses. A method was developed for stably incorporating two forms of the NKT cell activator α-galactosylceramide into live BCG organisms, and the impact of this on stimulation of T cell responses and protective antimycobacterial immunity was evaluated. We found that live BCG containing relatively small amounts of incorporated α-galactosylceramide retained the ability to robustly activate NKT cells. Compared with immunization with unmodified BCG, the glycolipid-modified BCG stimulated increased maturation of dendritic cells and markedly augmented the priming of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells responses. These effects were correlated with improved protective effects of vaccination in mice challenged with virulent M. tuberculosis. These results support the view that mycobacteria possess mechanisms to avoid stimulation of CD8+ T cell responses and that such responses contribute significantly to protective immunity against these pathogens. Our findings raise the possibility of a simple modification of BCG that could yield a more effective vaccine for control of tuberculosis.
Activating Water: Efficient Intramolecular General Base Catalysis of the Hydrolysis of a Phosphate Triester
Authors: Kirby Anthony J. , Medeiros Michelle , Oliveira Pedro S. M. , Brandão Tiago A. S. , Nome Faruk 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have identified the first highly efficient intramolecular general base catalysis (IGBC) of a hydrolysis reaction, in a system where two general bases are available to assist the attack of the same nucleophilic water molecule. The suggested mechanism, available uniquely to a phosphate triester model, is readily available in enzyme active sites, and the results suggest a possible solution to the long‐unsolved question of how enzymes are able to activate a water molecule to be a highly effective nucleophile.
A finite element formulation of Mindlin plates for limit analysis
Authors: Capsoni A. , Vicente da Silva M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a Mindlin plate finite element for the analysis of plastic limit loads with von Mises yielding criterion. The element is derived from a natural approach, based on a mixed b‐bar strain formulation. The proposed element is locking free and is able to produce accurate results for thick plates as well as for thin plates (below Kirchhoff limit). Moreover, the model also reveals a satisfactory behavior to mesh distortion sensitivity. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated by means of some numerical examples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dementia in Kerala, South India: prevalence and influence of age, education and gender
Authors: Mathuranath P. S. , Cherian P. Joseph , Mathew Robert , Kumar Suresh , George Annamma , Alexander Aley , Ranjith Neelima , Sarma P. S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundData on the prevalence of dementia in India with a large and aging population is scant. We studied prevalence of AD and dementia in Kerala, South India, and effects of age, education and gender on it.Methods2‐phase survey on 2466 individuals aged ≥ 55 years living in community. Men constituted 41%, < 75 years age in 76.9% and education ≥ 4 years in 69.6%. Screening (Phase I) using the instrumental activity of daily living scale for the elderly (IADL‐E) and the Addenbrooke's cognition examination (ACE). Diagnostic‐assessment (Phase II) was in 532 screen‐positives and 247 (10%) screen‐negatives.Results93 (3.77%) ≥ 55 years and 81 (4.86%) ≥ 65 years of age had dementia. Age adjusted (against US‐population in 2000) dementia (and AD) rates were 4.86% (1.91%) in age ≥ 55 years and 6.44% (3.56%) in ≥ 65 years. Odds for dementia (and AD) were high with increasing‐age 5.89 (15.33) in 75–84, 13.23 (25.92) ≥ 85 years, and in women 1.62 (2.95); and low 0.27 (0.16) if education was ≥ 9 years. Age and low education increased dementia. Age and female gender increased AD.ConclusionPrevalence of dementia and AD is higher than any reported from the subcontinent suggesting that dementia in Kerala in South India is not uncommon. Increasing age increased dementia and AD. Low‐education is associated with dementia and female‐gender with AD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo evidence of duality effects for lovastatin in a nude mouse cancer model
Authors: Wang Chih‐Yuan , Shui Hao‐Ai , Chang Tien‐Chun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractStatins, hydroxy‐methyl‐glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, are the most effective medication for lowering cholesterol, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. On the basis of our previous in vitro experimental results on an anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line, we designed a nude mouse model in which cancer cells were seeded subcutaneously to examine the potential anticancer effects of lovastatin in vivo. As expected, tumor growth was significantly reduced in the mice treated with 5 or 10 mg/kg/day of lovastatin compared with the positive control group. However, the tumor grew much faster in the mice treated with 1 mg/kg/day of lovastatin than in the positive control group. We suspect this result might be related to vascular endothelial growth factor. In this model, we found that lovastatin inhibits tumor growth at a high dosage (5 or 10 mg/kg/day), suggesting it could be used as an effectively adjuvant chemotherapy for cancer. However, it also promotes tumor growth at a low dosage (1 mg/kg/day). This duality effect should be further studied for patients treated with various dosages of statins.
Patient and physician perceptions after software‐assisted hospital discharge: Cluster randomized trial
Authors: Graumlich James F. , Novotny Nancy L. , Nace G. Stephen , Aldag Jean C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hospital discharge software potentially improves communication and clinical outcomes.OBJECTIVE:To measure patient and physician perceptions after discharge with computerized physician order entry (CPOE) software.DESIGN:Cluster randomized controlled trial.SETTING:Tertiary care, teaching hospital in central Illinois.PATIENTS:A total of 631 inpatients discharged to home with high risk for readmission.INTERVENTION:A total of 70 internal medicine hospital physicians randomly assigned (allocation concealed) to discharge software vs. usual care, handwritten discharge.MEASUREMENTS:Discharge perceptions from patients, outpatient primary care physicians, and hospital physicians.RESULTS:One week after discharge, 92.4% (583/631) of patients answered interviews. For 78.6% (496/631) of patients, their outpatient physicians returned questionnaires 19 days (median) postdischarge. Generalized estimating equations gave intervention variable coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). When comparing patients assigned to discharge software vs. usual care, patient mean (standard deviation [SD]) scores for discharge preparedness were higher (17.7 [4.1] vs. 17.2 [4.0]; coefficient = 0.147; 95% CI = 0.005‐0.289; P = 0.042), patient scores for satisfaction with medication information were unchanged (12.3 [4.8] vs. 12.1 [4.6]; coefficient = −0.212; 95% CI = −0.937‐0.513; P = 0.567), and their outpatient physicians scored higher quality discharge (17.2 [3.8] vs. 16.5 [3.9]; coefficient = 0.133; 95% CI = 0.015‐0.251; P = 0.027). Hospital physicians found mean effort to use discharge software was more difficult than the usual care (6.5 [1.9] vs. 7.9 [2.1]; P = 0.011).CONCLUSIONS:Discharge software with CPOE caused small improvements in discharge perceptions by patients and their outpatient physicians. These small improvements might balance the difficulty perceived by hospital physicians who used discharge software. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:356–363. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Rejection of persistent‐bounded disturbances in linear time‐delay systems by output‐feedback
Authors: Mahmoud Magdi S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of persistent‐bounded disturbance rejection of linear continuous‐time systems with time‐varying delays is investigated using the tools of invariant set analysis and Lyapunov‐function methodology. We derive less conservative sufficient conditions on robust attractor for time‐delay systems in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to guarantee the desired ℒ︁1‐performance. A robust output‐feedback controller is designed and the associated gain is determined using strict LMIs. The developed results are tested on two representative time‐delay examples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hair as Forensic Evidence of Explosive Handling
Authors: Oxley Jimmie C. , Smith James L. , Bernier Evan , Moran Jesse S. , Luongo Justin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHair has the ability to assimilate a variety of chemical compounds. The analysis of hair for determining first‐hand exposure to illegal drugs is a popular forensic technique [1–6]. Molecules such as explosives can also become trapped in hair due to external exposure and detected at trace levels [7–12]. Hair analysis could prove a powerful, non‐invasive method for the detection of individual exposure to illicit explosives. Previous studies showed that in a sealed vessel with adequate headspace, military explosives such as PETN, TNT, and RDX were sorbed to human hair. These organic explosives persisted on hair even after the hair was washed with detergents or solvent [7, 8]. Such sorption was influenced by hair color, and the levels of contamination were on the order of micrograms per gram hair after thousands of hours of exposure. It was assumed that in the “real‐world” explosives would sorb to hair through the condensation of vapors or by the deposition of solid particulates. This study involved the sampling of hair from students and instructors attending field classes for handling explosives at Fort A. P. Hill, Fredericksburg, VA and Redstone Arsenal, AL. Hair was sampled using combs fitted with cheesecloth, and the cheesecloth was extracted and analyzed by GC‐ECD for PETN, TNT, and RDX. On average, 80% of the participants were contaminated with PETN, found in detonating cord, after daily field exercises. Average participant contamination with TNT and RDX in hair ranged from 30 to 50%.