bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical study of Pneumocystis carini infection in pigs: evaluation of Pneumocystis pneumonia and a retrospective investigation
Authors: Kondo H. , Ito M. , Kadota K. 
Published: October 2010

Infection with Pneumocystis cariniiwas demonstrated immunohistochemically in the lungs of pigs 15 to 75 days of age from a herd with epidemic pneumonia due to the organism. The distribution of the organism was centered on the airways, and extended progressively with age from the alveolar ducts to the alveoli. In a retrospective immunohistochemical study of 245 newborn to adult pigs which were necropsied between 1988 and 1995, P carinii infection was found in 87 pigs (35‐5 per cent) aged between 17 days to seven months. In the pigs aged between one and three months the infection rate was 63‐1 per cent. Pigs from herds in which suckler and weaner pigs shared the same air space were more heavily infected than those from the herds in which they were reared separately. There were no regional or seasonal variations in the level of infection, and the infection was not associated with any single disease.
Closure of the abdominal wall at the umbilicus and the development of umbilical hernias in a group of foals from birth to 11 months of age
Authors: Enzerink E. , van Weeren P. R. , van der Velden M. A. 
Published: October 2010

The closure of the body wall defect at the umbilicus was studied in relation to the development of umbilical hernias in a group of 44 normal foals, 25 of which were followed from birth until five months of age, and 19 from birth until 1 1 months of age. At birth, 19 of the foals had a defect in the body wall at the umbilicus that was termed a ‘palpable umbilical ring’. In 18 of them this defect disappeared within four days, but in the other the ring did not close and a hernial sac with abdominal contents was palpable. This foal was considered to be the only foal to have a truly congenital umbilical hernia. Twelve foals developed an umbilical hernia between five and eight weeks of age. The prevalence of umbilical hernias was much higher than in other studies, possibly owing to the prospective nature of the study.
Changes in the blood biochemical and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age
Authors: Knowles T. G. , Edwards J. E. , Bazeley K. J. , Brown S. N. , Butterworth A. , Warriss P. D. 
Published: October 2010

Fourteen calves were used to investigate the changes from birth to 83 days of age in the concentrations of serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, beta‐hydroxybutyrate, plasma cortisol, serum creatine kinase, creatinine, iron, plasma fibrinogen, serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase, plasma glucose, haptoglobin, serum non‐esterified fatty acids, total protein, transferrin, triglycerides, urea and gamma globulin; the haematological variables measured were: basophils, eosinophils, haematocrit, haemoglobin, lymphocytes, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, monocytes, band neutrophils, neutrophils, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. The changes are presented as a series of graphs and the values are discussed in relation to the published reference ranges for adult cattle. Two populations of calves were identified which gave rise to a bimodal distribution for some of the variables. Differences in haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cell counts were apparent at birth, with raised values for these measurements being associated with an increased white blood cell and neutrophil count between three and 27 days of age.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous portocentesis in 21 cows
Authors: Braun U. , Koller‐Wild K , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger R. 
Published: October 2010

An ultrasound‐guided portocentesis was performed in 21 clinically healthy cows, and blood was collected for haematological, biochemical and blood‐gas analyses. At the same time blood samples were collected from the left jugular vein of each cow for the same analyses. Immediately after the centesis, portal blood pressure was measured. The cows were examined daily thereafter for eight days and then slaughtered for postmortem examination of the internal organs. The mean (sd) portal blood pressure was 37.1 (5.47) mmHg, and ranged from 24 to 49 mmHg. There were small but significant differences between many of the haematological and biochemical parameters in jugular and portal blood, and the concentration of bile acids was on average 2.7 times higher, and the concentration of ammonia was 19.3 times higher in portal blood. The demeanour and behaviour of the cows, and their appetite and rectal temperature remained normal during the eight.day observation period. The haematocrit, total and differential leucocyte counts, and the concentrations of total solids and fibrinogen were not affected by portocentesis. On postmortem examination, no lesions were apparent in the peritoneum, liver and portal vein.
Use of the bisphosphonate drug alendronate for palliative management of osteosarcoma in two dogs
Authors: Tomlin J. L. , Sturgeon C. , Pead M. J. , Muir P. 
Published: October 2010

The bisphosphonate drug alendronate was used to suppress bone remodelling and tumour osteolysis as a palliative treatment for two dogs with osteosarcoma, one of the tibia and one of the maxilla. A spiral fracture associated with the tibial tumour healed after it was stabilised with an external skeletal fixator. Both dogs remained comfortable and survived for 12 and 10 months respectively after diagnosis, despite the fact that neither primary tumour was resected.
Prediction of the genetic risk for fragmented coronoid process in labrador retrievers
Authors: Ubbink G. J. , Hazewinkel H. A. W. , Rothuizen J. , van de Broek J. , Wolvekamp W. T. C. 
Published: October 2010

In a cohort of 252 Dutch labrador retrievers born between 1988 and 1992, seven founders for fragmented coronoid process were identified. The 185 labrador retrievers born to this cohort between January 1,1993 and January 1, 1997, were examined clinically, and radiographs of both elbows taken in four directions at 12 to 18 months of age, or earlier when they had signs of lameness, were evaluated. The diagnosis of fragmented coronoid process was confirmed by arthrotomy. The incidence of the condition in the 185 dogs was 17.3 per cent, and for each dog a genetic risk factor was calculated on the basis of its relatedness to the seven founders. The risk factors ranged from 0.07 to 0.41. The dogs were divided into classes of increasing predicted risk, and the mean risk for each class was then compared with the clinical outcome. There were no significant differences between the predicted risk and the outcome in any of the classes.
Segregation analysis of epilepsy in the Belgian tervueren dog
Authors: Famula T. R. , Oberbauer A. M. 
Published: October 2010

In 1986, a survey of the incidence of epileptic seizures among dogs in the American Belgian Tervuren Club was undertaken. By 1989, 557 of the 607 members had returned completed surveys, providing seizure information about 938 dogs. The survey classified the dogs into one of four categories: 1) no seizures observed (738 dogs); 2) one seizure observed (26 dogs); 3) two to five seizures observed (82 dogs); and 4) more than five seizures observed (92 dogs). To evaluate the plausibility of a major gene model, a regressive logistic model was applied to these data. The results suggest that a single locus with a large effect on the incidence of seizures may be segregating in this population.
Reduced dosage of ketoprofen for the short‐term and long‐term treatment of joint pain in dogs
Authors: Hazewinkel H. A. W. , van den Brom W. E. , Theijse L F. H. , Pollmeier M. , Hanson P. D. 
Published: October 2010

Two studies were conducted under laboratory conditions with 16 dogs to investigate the analgesic effectiveness of a low dose of ketoprofen in a short‐term sodium urate crystal‐induced synovitis model of arthritis. The effect of the treatment, defined as the improvement in peak vertical force weight bearing, was evaluated in the first study at three dose levels. A single oral dose of 0.25 mg/kg ketoprofen was significantly better (P<0.01) than the control (0 mg), but doses of 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg did not improve the dogs' weight bearing further. The second study investigated the efficacy and safety of the 0.25 mg/kg dose administered daily for 30 days. The beneficial effects of ketoprofen at this dose were constant, with the treated dogs bearing 89.1 per cent of the baseline vertical force four hours after the induction of arthritis on day 1 and 92.2 per cent on day 29, compared with 42 per cent and 34 per cent of the baseline in the untreated dogs. No gastrointestinal or other side effects were observed during the treatment.
Patterns of exposure toLawsonia intracellularisinfection on European pig farms
Authors: Chouet S. , Prieto C. , Mieli L. , Veenhuizen M. F. , McOrist S. 
Published: October 2010

A serological investigation was made of the pattems of exposure of pigs toLawsonia intracellularis, the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy (ileitis), on farms in France and Spain. Blood samples from groups of adult female pigs in breeding programmes and from postweaning pigs were monitored, the latter every month for five months, by aL intracellularis‐specific immunofluorescence seroassay. Four of 33 farms monitored in France (12 per cent) and three of 29 farms monitored in Spain (10.3 per cent) remained free of clinical signs and seronegative throughout the study. The postweaning pigs on all of the remaining French farms and on 20 of the 26 remaining Spanish farms had a pattern of infection characterised by seroconversion in the grower period, generally between eight and 16 weeks of age. The seroprevalence in these groups ranged from 8 to 20 per cent. On all of these farms at least 15 per cent of the breeding females tested were seropositive, and the farms were under similar management systems, with a continuous flow of pigs or between buildings on one site, so‐called ‘one site, farrow‐to‐finish’ On the six remaining Spanish farms, under two management groups, a multiple‐site system was used, with the piglets being separated from the adults at weaning and moved to a separate location. On three of these farms, the pattern of infection was characterised by seroconversion later in the finisher period, at between 16 and 20 weeks of age, and none of the breeding females was seropositive. On the three other multiple‐site farms the pattern of infection resembled that on the one‐site farms. On all of the farms, the seroconversion of groups of pigs was frequently associated with clinical or subclinical signs of ileitis.
Measurement of tidal breathing flow‐volume loop indices in horses used for different sporting purposes with and without recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Herholz C. , Straub R. , Braendlin C. , Imhof A. , Lüthi S. , Busato A. 
Published: October 2010

Tidal breathing flow‐volume loop (TBFVL) indices in healthy horses and in horses suffering from mild and moderate to severe recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) were measured. In addition, the ability of these indices to differentiate healthy controls from horses with mild RAO by separating the horses according to their usage was investigated. The horses were assigned to three sporting categories: 1 Leisure horses; 2 Horses competing at events with a duration of more than five minutes (eventing, coaching and endurance); and 3 Horses competing at events with a duration of less than five minutes (dressage and show jumping). Flow‐volume curves were recorded with an ultrasonic spirometer and TBFVL indices were calculated with specially dedicated software. The sporting usage of the horses had a significant effect on the differentiating ability of TBFVL indices in diagnosing different degrees of RAO. The index TIF50 differentiated control horses from horses with minor RAO in all sporting categories.
Clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical, carprofen and meloxicam for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Moreau M. , Dupuis J. , Bonneau N. H. , Desnoyers M. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy, tolerance and ease of administration of a nutraceutical, carprofen or meloxicam were evaluated in a prospective, double‐blind study on 71 dogs with osteoarthritis. The client‐owned dogs were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments or to a placebo control group. The influence of osteoarthritis on the dogs' gait was described by comparing the ground reaction forces of the arthritic dogs and 10 normal dogs. Before the treatments began, and 30 and 60 days later, measurements were made of haematological and biochemical variables and of the ground reaction forces of the arthritic limb, and subjective assessments were made by the owners and by the orthopaedic surgeons. Changes in the ground reaction forces were specific to the arthritic joint, and were significantly improved by carprofen and meloxicam but not by the nutraceutical; the values returned to normal only with meloxicam. The orthopaedic surgeons assessed that there had been an improvement with carprofen and meloxicam, but the owners considered that there had been an improvement only with meloxicam. The blood and faecal analyses did not reveal any changes. The treatments were well tolerated, except for a case of hepatopathy in a dog treated with carprofen.
Clinical efficacy of flunixin, carprofen and ketoprofen as adjuncts to the antibacterial treatment of bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Lockwood P. W. , Johnson J. C. , Katz T.L. 
Published: October 2010

Three non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), flunixin, ketoprofen and carprofen, were used in conjunction with ceftiofur, in the treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease. Sixty‐six mixed‐breed beef cattle weighing on average 197 kg met the inclusion criteria of pyrexia of at least 40°C, an illness score indicating at least moderate illness and at least moderate dyspnoea. They were allocated randomly to four treatment groups. All the groups received ceftiofur for three days at a dose rate of 1.1 mg/kg by intramuscular injection, and three groups received, in addition, a single dose of either flunixin (2.2 mg/kg by intravenous injection) or ketoprofen (3 mg/kg by intravenous injection) or carprofen (1.4 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection). During the first 24 hours of the study, the pyrexia of the three groups treated with a NSAID was reduced significantly more than the pyrexia of the group treated with ceftiofur alone, and two and four hours after treatment the reduction in pyrexia was significantly greater in the groups treated with flunixin and ketoprofen than in the group treated with carprofen. There were no statistically significant differences between the four groups with respect to depression, illness scores, dyspnoea or coughing. There was less lung consolidation in the three groups treated with a NSAID than in the animals treated with ceftiofur alone, but the difference was significant only in the group treated with flunixin.
Randomised, double‐blind, placebocontrolled parallel group study of P54FP for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Innes J. F. , Fuller C. J. , Grover E. R. , Kelly A. L. , Burn J. F. 
Published: October 2010

P54FP is an extract of Indian and Javanese turmeric,Curcuma domesticaandCurcuma xanthorrhizarespectively, which contains a mixture of active ingredients including curcuminoids and essential oils. A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group clinical trial of P54FP as a treatment for osteoarthritis of the canine elbow or hip was conducted to assess its efficacy and safety. Sixty‐one client‐owned dogs with osteoarthritis were recruited through first‐opinion practices and examined at a single centre. After a two‐week wash‐out period, they were randomly allocated to receive P54FP or a placebo orally twice daily for eight weeks, and were re‐examined after four, six and eight weeks of treatment. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in terms of the peak vertical force (PVz) and vertical impulse of the affected limbs, as measured with a force platform, by clinical assessments of lameness and joint pain by the investigators, and overall assessments of the response to treatment by the investigators and the owners. The results from 25 P54FP‐treated dogs and 29 placebo‐treated dogs showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the Pvz of the affected limb. The investigators' overall assessment showed a statistically significant treatment effect in favour of P54FP (P=0.012), but the owners' assessment just failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.063). No serious adverse effects were recorded, but two P54FP‐treated dogs and four placebo‐treated dogs were withdrawn from the study because their condition deteriorated.
Airborne transmission of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus from Burnside Farm, Heddonon‐ the‐Wall, Northumberland, during the 2001 epidemic in the United Kingdom
Authors: Gloster J. , Champion H. J. , Sørensen J. H. , Mikkelsen T. , Ryall D. B. , Astrup P. , Alexandersen S. , Donaldson A. I. 
Published: October 2010

The results of a detailed assessment of the atmospheric conditions when foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) virus was released from Burnside Farm, Heddon‐on‐the‐Wall, Northumberland at the start of the 2001 epidemic in the UK are consistent with the hypothesis that the disease was spread to seven of the 12 farms in the immediate vicinity of the source by airborne virus, and airborne infection could not be ruled out for three other premises; the remaining two premises were unlikely to have been infected by airborne virus. The distances involved ranged from less than 1 km up to 9 km. One of the farms which was most probably infected by airborne virus from Burnside Farm was Prestwick Hall Farm, which is believed to have been key to the rapid spread of the disease throughout the country. In contrast, the results of detailed atmospheric modelling, based on a combination of clinical evidence from the field and laboratory experiments have shown that by assuming a relationship between the 24‐hour average virus concentrations and subsequent infection, threshold infection levels were seldom reached at the farms close to Burnside Farm. However, significant short‐term fluctuations in the concentration of virus can occur, and short‐lived high concentrations may have increased the probability of infection and explain this discrepancy.
Evaluation of a dot ELISA kit for measuring immunoglobulin M antibodies to canine parvovirus and distemper virus
Authors: Waner T. , Mazar S. , Nachmias E. , Keren‐Kornblatt E. , Harrus S. 
Published: October 2010

A dot ELISA for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (cpv) was assessed. The titres of IgM antibodies to CDV and cPv in 100 dogs were measured by the Immunocomb ELISA kit and compared with the results derived from the immunofluorescence assay (IFA). There was a strong correlation between the results of the dot ELISA technique and the IFA (P<0.001). The dot ELISA kit was also used to assess the changes in the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to cpv and CDv in 10 puppies vaccinated with a polyvalent vaccine. High levels of IgM antibodies to cpv were first detected seven days after they were vaccinated, and after nine days all the pups had high titres of IgG antibodies to cpv. High levels of IgM antibodies to CDV were detected after nine days and the highest average titres were recorded after 12 days. IgG antibodies to CDV were present from nine days after vaccination.
Effects of anaesthesia and manual restraint on the plasma concentrations of pituitary and adrenocortical hormones in ferrets
Authors: Schoemaker N. J. , Mol J. A. , Lumeij J. T. , Thijssen J. H. H. , Rijnberk A. 
Published: October 2010

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of sampling techniques on the plasma concentrations of pituitary and adrenocortical hormones in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). In the first experiment blood was collected on two occasions from 29 ferrets which were either manually restrained or anaesthetised with isoflurane. In the second experiment eight intact ferrets were fitted with jugular catheters and blood was collected on four occasions, just before and as soon as possible after they had been manually restrained or anaesthetised with medetomidine or isoflurane; blood was also collected 10 and 30 minutes after the induction of anaesthesia. Medetomidine anaesthesia had no effect on the plasma concentrations of pituitary and adrenocortical hormones. Isoflurane anaesthesia resulted in a significant increase in the plasma concentration of alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) directly after the induction of anaesthesia. Manual restraint resulted in a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (Acm) and a decrease in the plasma concentration of α‐MSH.
Immunohistochemical study of the expression of E‐cadherin in canine mammary tumours
Authors: Reis A. L. , Carvalheira J. , Schmitt F. C. , Gärtner F. 
Published: October 2010

To investigate the possible role of E‐cadherin in canine mammary tumours 20 benign and 40 malignant tumours were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in formalin‐fixed paraffin wax‐embedded samples. In all the benign tumours, E‐cadherin was strongly expressed at the intercellular borders of epithelial cells, but it was less strongly expressed in 17 (43 per cent) of the malignant tumours. Furthermore, poorly differentiated carcinomas were less immunoreactive for E‐cadherin than moderately and well differentiated carcinomas.
Control of cutaneous mycosis in five chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) with lufenuron
Authors: Dubuis E. , Lucas D. 
Published: October 2010

Five chimpanzees at the Limbe Wildlife Centre in Cameroon, of both sexes and between six and eight years of age, were treated with lufenuron at a dose rate of 60 mg/kg bodyweight to control various types of mycotic skin infections. The 409.8 mg tablets were administered by mixing them with milk and avocado. Each animal received two or three treatments three weeks apart. Most of them improved significantly during the two to three weeks after the first treatment, and they had completely recovered two to four months later. All the chimpanzees accepted the medication readily, and no adverse drug reactions were observed either immediately after the treatment or during the subsequent eight to 10 months.
Systemic uptake of buprenorphine by cats after oral mucosal administration
Authors: Robertson S. A. , Taylor P. M. , Sear J. W. 
Published: October 2010

The plasma concentration of buprenorphine was measured by radioimmunoassay in six female cats after the administration of 0.01 mg/kg (0.033 ml/kg) buprenorphine hydrochloride solution into the side of the cat's mouth. Blood samples were taken through a preplaced jugular catheter before and one, two, four, six, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, and two, four, six, 12 and 24 hours after the dose was administered. The buprenorphine was accepted well by all the cats and did not cause salivation or vomiting. Its median peak plasma concentration was 7.5 ng/ml and was reached after 15 minutes. The pharmacokinetic data were similar to the pharmacokinetic data obtained after the intramuscular and intravenous administration of buprenorphine to cats from the same colony, suggesting that the mucosal route of administration should be as effective as intravenous and intramuscular injections. In addition, the pH of the oral cavity of 26 cats was measured with pH paper, and 100 cat owners were asked their preferred method of administering drugs to cats. The pH of the cats' mouths was between 8 and 9, and the technique preferred by the cat owners was the use of drops placed in the mouth.