bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the interaction of co‐encapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Metarhizium brunneum in calcium alginate‐based attract‐and‐kill beads
Authors: Hermann Katharina M , Grünberger Alexander , Patel Anant V 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAttract‐and‐kill (AK) beads are biological, microbial insecticides developed as an alternative to synthetic soil insecticides. For wireworm control, beads are based on calcium alginate/starch co‐encapsulating the carbon dioxide (CO2) producing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae H205 as the attract component, and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum CB15‐III as the kill component. However, the physicochemical processes inside beads during co‐cultivation are still unclear. Here we reveal for the first time the spatiotemporal conditions of oxygen and pH inside AK beads measured with microelectrodes and describe the impact of S. cerevisiae on CO2 and conidia formation.RESULTSMeasurements revealed a steep oxygen gradient already 2 days after co‐encapsulation, with an internal hypoxic zone. Encapsulating either S. cerevisiae or M. brunneum already decreased the average pH from 5.5 to 4.7 and 4.6, respectively. However, on day 3, co‐cultivation lead to temporal strong acidification of beads down to pH 3.6 which followed the maximum CO2 productivity and coincided with the maximum conidiation rate. Decreasing the yeast load decreased the total CO2 productivity to half, and the conidial production by 93%, while specific productivities normalized to 1% yeast load increased eight‐fold and three‐fold, respectively, with day 3 being an exception.CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate a general beneficial interaction between M. brunneum and S. cerevisiae, but also suggest competition for resources. These findings will contribute to develop innovative co‐formulations with maximum efficiency to save application rates and costs. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Mitigating Errors on Superconducting Quantum Processors Through Fuzzy Clustering
Authors: Ahmad Halima G. , Schiattarella Roberto , Mastrovito Pasquale , Chiatto Angela , Levochkina Anna , Esposito Martina , Montemurro Domenico , Pepe Giovanni P. , Bruno Alessandro , Tafuri Francesco , Vitiello Autilia , Acampora Giovanni , Massarotti Davide 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuantum utility is severely limited in superconducting quantum hardware until now by the modest number of qubits and the relatively high level of control and readout errors, due to the intentional coupling with the external environment required for manipulation and readout of the qubit states. Practical applications in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era rely on Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM) techniques, which are able to improve the accuracy of the expectation values of quantum observables by implementing classical post‐processing analysis from an ensemble of repeated noisy quantum circuit runs. In this work, a recent QEM technique that uses Fuzzy C‐Means (FCM) clustering to specifically identify measurement error patterns is focused. For the first time, a proof‐of‐principle validation of the technique on a two‐qubit register, obtained as a subset of a real NISQ five‐qubit superconducting quantum processor based on transmon qubits is reported. It is demonstrated that the FCM‐based QEM technique allows for reasonable improvement of the expectation values of single‐ and two‐qubit gates‐based quantum circuits, without necessarily invoking state‐of‐the‐art coherence, gate, and readout fidelities.
Varicella‐zoster virus‐related neurological complications: From infection to immunomodulatory therapies
Authors: Hakami Mohammed Ageeli , Khan Farhan R. , Abdulaziz Osama , Alshaghdali Khalid , Hazazi Ali , Aleissi Awad F. , Abalkhail Adil , Alotaibi Bader S. , Alhazmi Abdulfattah Yahya M. , Kukreti Neelima , Binshaya Abdulkarim S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), classified as a neurotropic member of the Herpesviridae family, exhibits a characteristic pathogenicity, predominantly inducing varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, during the initial infectious phase, and triggering the reactivation of herpes zoster, more commonly recognized as shingles, following its emergence from a latent state. The pathogenesis of VZV‐associated neuroinflammation involves a complex interplay between viral replication within sensory ganglia and immune‐mediated responses that contribute to tissue damage and dysfunction. Upon primary infection, VZV gains access to sensory ganglia, establishing latent infection within neurons. During reactivation, the virus can spread along sensory nerves, triggering a cascade of inflammatory mediators, chemokines, and immune cell infiltration in the affected neural tissues. The role of both adaptive and innate immune reactions, including the contributions of T and B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, in orchestrating the immune‐mediated damage in the central nervous system is elucidated. Furthermore, the aberrant activation of the natural defence mechanism, characterised by the dysregulated production of immunomodulatory proteins and chemokines, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of VZV‐induced neurological disorders, such as encephalitis, myelitis, and vasculopathy. The intricate balance between protective and detrimental immune responses in the context of VZV infection emphasises the necessity for an exhaustive comprehension of the immunopathogenic mechanisms propelling neuroinflammatory processes. Despite the availability of vaccines and antiviral therapies, VZV‐related neurological complications remain a significant concern, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. Elucidating these mechanisms might facilitate the emergence of innovative immunomodulatory strategies and targeted therapies aimed at mitigating VZV‐induced neuroinflammatory damage and improving clinical outcomes. This comprehensive understanding enhances our grasp of viral pathogenesis and holds promise for pioneering therapeutic strategies designed to mitigate the neurological ramifications of VZV infections.
The ideal versus the real: Mismatches in reading instruction for emergent bilinguals in secondary science classrooms
Authors: Lew Shim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe emphasis on language and literacy in science education research has urged science teachers to include reading as an integral part of learning science. However, in US secondary schools, the percentage of students reading under grade level is high, and emergent bilinguals (EBs) are significantly represented among this group. While researchers across disciplines have proposed a number of prescriptive reading practices in science classrooms tightly aligned with instructional standards, few scholars have closely examined the starting point of reading instruction in science classrooms, and even fewer have focused on actual instruction for EBs in these classrooms. This study examines the nature of existing reading practices in science classrooms, with a particular focus on EBs. Using a qualitative multiple case study method, this study found significant mismatches between actual classroom practices and the ideal prescriptions about science reading instruction portrayed in educational standards and research. This study also found that teachers were battling numerous obstacles to implementing research/standards‐based prescriptions. With the implications of science reading instruction for EBs' language and science content learning, this article will contribute to developing reading instruction and practices grounded in real classrooms and improving the instructional environment for reading‐inclusive science classrooms.
Polymorphic Heterogeneous Polar Structure Enabled Superior Capacitive Energy Storage in Lead‐Free Relaxor Ferroelectrics at Low Electric Field
Authors: Xi Jiachen , Liu Jikang , Bai Wangfeng , Wu Shiting , Zheng Peng , Li Peng , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance energy storage dielectrics capable of low/moderate field operation are vital in advanced electrical and electronic systems. However, in contrast to achievements in enhancing recoverable energy density (Wrec), the active realization of superior Wrec and energy efficiency (η) with giant energy‐storage coefficient (Wrec/E) in low/moderate electric field (E) regions is much more challenging for dielectric materials. Herein, lead‐free relaxor ferroelectrics are reported with giant Wrec/E designed with polymorphic heterogeneous polar structure. Following the guidance of Landau phenomenological theory and rational composition construction, the conceived (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐based ternary solid solution that delivers giant Wrec/E of ≈0.0168 µC cm−2, high Wrec of ≈4.71 J cm−3 and high η of ≈93% under low E of 280 kV cm−1, accompanied by great stabilities against temperature/frequency/cycling number and excellent charging–discharging properties, which is ahead of most currently reported lead‐free energy storage bulk ceramics measured at same E range. Atomistic observations reveal that the correlated coexisting local rhombohedral‐tetragonal polar nanoregions embedded in the cubic matrix are constructed, which enables high polarization, minimized hysteresis, and significantly delayed polarization saturation concurrently, endowing giant Wrec/E along with high Wrec and η. These findings advance the superiority and feasibility of polymorphic nanodomains in designing highly efficient capacitors for low/moderate field‐region practical applications.
Investigation on parasitic infestation of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) in the south‐western region of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahammad Basir , Majumdar Bhaskar Chandra , Chowdhury Angkur , Mia Rasel , Rahman MD Zobayer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur investigation focused into Labeo rohita, commonly known as Rui, a freshwater aquatic species in Bangladesh. Despite their nutritional significance, these fish faced a pressing challenge: parasite infections threaten the economic stability of the aquaculture sector.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the parasite and histological changes in major organs of L. rohita, collected from Khulna region – Dumuria, Paikgacha and Rupsha.MethodsAbout 180 (30/month) specimens were collected between the month of March and August 2023 to observe the parasitic status in L. rohita.ResultsThrough microscopic examination, a total of 323 parasites were uncovered, spanning categories including Cestode, Nematode, Acanthocephala, Trematode and Digenia, predominantly residing in the intestines of L. rohita. The highest prevalence rate (70%) was recorded in both March and May 2023, with peak mean intensity observed in July (3.73). Notably, the highest mean abundance (2.37) exhibited in July and index of infestation (45.34) in June. Histological analysis confirmed parasitic infestations in the gastrointestinal region, with displaying histological changes within major organs such as the liver, kidney, gills, spleen and testicles due to parasitic infection.ConclusionThis study concluded that the indentified six categories of parasite and the affect of parasitic infestation in major organs of L. rohita within the study period. Urgent efforts to implement effective strategies for controlling the parasite infections in aquaculture to ensure the sustainable production of this invaluable fish species.
Method for evaluating and measuring cavity suitability for nesting wood ducks
Authors: Von Haugg Cindy L. , Anderson James T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe challenges associated with climbing trees to measure cavity dimensions have limited the accumulation of knowledge regarding wood duck (Aix sponsa) nesting habitat and ecology. To overcome this issue, we developed a 2‐person method to measure external and internal tree‐cavity dimensions from the ground. Our approach uses a telescopic pole, wireless cavity inspection camera with a monitor, and reference scale, allowing an object of known length to be viewed and recorded inside the cavity. We tested our method using simulated cavities (n = 20), assessed accuracy by comparing the estimated and actual measurements, and evaluated precision between 2 observers. The average difference (±1 SE) between estimated and actual measurements (n = 40) for entrance width (0.9 ± 0.9 cm), entrance height (0.8 ± 1.1 cm), platform width (0.1 ± 3.7 cm), and platform length (1.0 ± 3.2 cm) were ≤1 cm. There was no significant difference between observer measurements for entrance width, entrance height, platform width, or platform length. Observers overestimated cavity depth by an average of 0.1 ± 1.6 cm and there was a significant difference (1.3 ± 2.2 cm) between observers for mean cavity depth. We applied the technique to naturally occurring cavities. The time to complete a natural‐cavity survey in the field (n = 37) averaged 12.2 ± 6.9 min. Our method increases the practicality, accessibility, and safety of researchers conducting cavity surveys for wood ducks and other cavity‐dependent wildlife through the use of a cost‐effective, cavity‐measuring tool.
Herausforderungen und Chancen für die chirurgische Weiterbildung
Authors: Schlottmann Frederik , Drossard Sabine , Dey Hazra Maria , Blank Beate , Herbolzheimer Marit , Mulorz Joscha , Kröplin Juliane , Huber Tobias , Doukas Panagiotis , Sadat Najla , Rüsseler Miriam , Rösch Romina , Bouffleur Frederic , Lif Keller Sarah , Freund Gerrit 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die chirurgische Weiterbildung steht bereits jetzt vor erheblichen Herausforderungen. Durch die geplante Krankenhausstrukturreform kommen neue bürokratische und organisatorische Hürden hinzu, die zu einem erheblichen Qualitätsverlust der chirurgischen Weiterbildung führen können.

Fragestellung
Das vorliegende Positionspapier beschreibt aktuelle und zukünftige Herausforderungen für die chirurgische Weiterbildung und identifiziert mögliche Ansatzpunkte und Chancen für ihre Weiterentwicklung vor dem Hintergrund der geplanten Krankenhausstrukturreform.

Material und Methoden
Für die Erarbeitung dieses Positionspapiers wurden durch ein Gremium aus Vertreterinnen und Vertreter der Jungen Foren der Deutschen Fachgesellschaften der chirurgischen Fächer aktuelle Probleme und Herausforderungen des derzeitigen Weiterbildungssystems identifiziert, kritisch diskutiert und ein Forderungskatalog für ein zukunftsfähiges Weiterbildungskonzept formuliert.

Ergebnisse
Die geplante Ambulantisierung und Zentralisierung wurden als zentrale Herausforderungen für die chirurgische Weiterbildung identifiziert. Die ärztliche Weiterbildung muss bei allen Reformbestrebungen konsequent und von Anfang an mitgedacht werden. Neben einer transparenten und aufwandsgerechten Finanzierung der Weiterbildung fordern wir die Einbeziehung der Fachgesellschaften sowie eine Beachtung der sozialen Rahmenbedingungen für den chirurgischen Nachwuchs.

Schlussfolgerungen
Der von der Politik forcierte Strukturwandel der Krankenhauslandschaft in Deutschland birgt die Gefahr, dass es zu einem weiteren Qualitäts- und Erfahrungsverlust in der chirurgischen Versorgung und Weiterbildung kommt. Gleichzeitig bietet das geplante Reformvorhaben aber die einzigartige Chance, bestehende Probleme aufzugreifen und die chirurgische Weiterbildung zukunftsfähig weiterzuentwickeln.
Does high parasite load contribute to limitation of the poleward range of Acropora corals?
Authors: Sommer Brigitte , Chang Yuen Y. , Beger Maria , Pandolfi John M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe role of species interactions in setting species range limits is rarely empirically explored. Here, we quantify host and parasite densities in subtropical eastern Australia (26.65°–30.20°S) to examine whether parasitism might contribute to range limitation of Acropora corals at their cold-range boundary. 79% of Acropora corals had endolithic barnacles (family Pyrgomatidae), with higher parasite load in larger corals and up to 141 barnacles per coral. Parasite load increased poleward and closer to the mainland and was greater in cooler and high nutrient environments. Parasite burden was higher at sites with fewer Acropora corals, broadly consistent with the hypothesis that parasites can fragment host populations where host densities are low, and the parasite is a better disperser than the host. Whilst the mechanism is unclear, our findings suggest that at the high densities recorded here, coral-barnacles could influence range dynamics of Acropora corals at their poleward range limit.
Quantitative analysis of temporal stability and instrument performance during field experiments of an airborne QCLAS via Allan–Werle-plots
Authors: Röder Lenard L. , Ort Linda , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAllan–Werle-plots are an established tool in infrared absorption spectroscopy to quantify temporal stability, maximum integration time and best achievable precision of a measurement instrument. In field measurements aboard a moving platform, however, long integration times reduce time resolution and smooth atmospheric variability. A high accuracy and time resolution are necessary as well as an appropriate estimate of the measurement uncertainty. In this study, Allan-Werle-plots of calibration gas measurements are studied to analyze the temporal characteristics of a Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectrometer (QCLAS) instrument for airborne operation. Via least-squares fitting the individual noise contributions can be quantified and different dominant regimes can be identified. Through simulation of data according to the characteristics from the Allan-Werle-plot, the effects of selected intervals between in-flight calibrations can be analyzed. An interval of $$30\,$$

30

min is found sufficient for successful drift correction during ground operation. The linear interpolation of the sensitivity increases the accuracy and lowers the measurement uncertainty from $$1.1\,\%$$

1.1

%

to $$0.2\,\%$$

0.2

%

. Airborne operation yields similar results during segments of stable flight but suffers from additional flicker and sinusoidal contributions. Simulations verify an appropriate interval of $$30\,$$

30

min in airborne operation. The expected airborne measurement uncertainty is 2.45 ppbv.
Prolonged pre-firing pancreatic compression with linear staplers in distal pancreatectomy: a valuable technique for post-operative pancreatic fistula prevention
Authors: Quero Giuseppe , Laterza Vito , Schena Carlo Alberto , Massimiani Giuseppe , Lucinato Chiara , Fiorillo Claudio , Mezza Teresa , Taglioni Flavia , Menghi Roberta , Di Cesare Ludovica , Biffoni Beatrice , De Sio Davide , Rosa Fausto , Tondolo Vincenzo , Alfieri Sergio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains the main complication after distal pancreatectomy (DP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential benefit of different durations of progressive stapler closure on POPF rate and severity after DP.

Methods
Patients who underwent DP between 2016 and 2023 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups according to the duration of the stapler closure: those who underwent a progressive compression for < 10 min and those for ≥ 10 min.

Results
Among 155 DPs, 83 (53.5%) patients underwent pre-firing compression for < 10 min and 72 (46.5%) for ≥ 10 min. As a whole, 101 (65.1%) developed POPF. A lower incidence rate was found in case of ≥ 10 min compression (34–47.2%) compared to < 10 min compression (67- 80.7%) (p = 0.001). When only clinically relevant (CR) POPFs were considered, a prolonged pre-firing compression led to a lower rate (15–20.8%) than the < 10 min cohort (32–38.6%; p = 0.02). At the multivariate analysis, a compression time of at least 10 min was confirmed as a protective factor for both POPF (OR: 5.47, 95% CI: 2.16–13.87; p = 0.04) and CR-POPF (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.19–5.45; p = 0.04) development. In case of a thick pancreatic gland, a prolonged pancreatic compression for at least 10 min was significantly associated to a lower rate of CR-POPF compared to < 10 min (p = 0.04).

Conclusion
A prolonged pre-firing pancreatic compression for at least 10 min seems to significantly reduce the risk of CR-POPF development. Moreover, significant advantages are documented in case of a thick pancreatic gland.
Pharmacological inhibition of RUNX1 reduces infarct size after acute myocardial infarction in rats and underlying mechanism revealed by proteomics implicates repressed cathepsin levels
Authors: Chen Hengshu , Wang Si , Zhang Xiaoling , Hua Xing , Liu Meng , Wang Yanan , Wu Simiao , He Weihong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) results in prolonged ischemia and the subsequent cell death leads to heart failure which is linked to increased deaths or hospitalizations. New therapeutic targets are urgently needed to prevent cell death and reduce infarct size among patients with MI. Runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1) is a master-regulator transcription factor intensively studied in the hematopoietic field. Recent evidence showed that RUNX1 has a critical role in cardiomyocytes post-MI. The increased RUNX1 expression in the border zone of the infarct heart contributes to decreased cardiac contractile function and can be therapeutically targeted to protect against adverse cardiac remodelling. This study sought to investigate whether pharmacological inhibition of RUNX1 function has an impact on infarct size following MI. In this work we demonstrate that inhibiting RUNX1 with a small molecule inhibitor (Ro5-3335) reduces infarct size in an in vivo rat model of acute MI. Proteomics study using data-independent acquisition method identified increased cathepsin levels in the border zone myocardium following MI, whereas heart samples treated by RUNX1 inhibitor present decreased cathepsin levels. Cathepsins are lysosomal proteases which have been shown to orchestrate multiple cell death pathways. Our data illustrate that inhibition of RUNX1 leads to reduced infarct size which is associated with the suppression of cathepsin expression. This study demonstrates that pharmacologically antagonizing RUNX1 reduces infarct size in a rat model of acute MI and unveils a link between RUNX1 and cathepsin-mediated cell death, suggesting that RUNX1 is a novel therapeutic target that could be exploited clinically to limit infarct size after an acute MI.