bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic and ecological analysis of the Bearded Wood PartridgeDendrortyx barbatus: some insights on its conservation status
Authors: MOTA-VARGAS CLAUDIO , ROJAS-SOTO OCTAVIO R. , LARA CARLOS , CASTILLO-GUEVARA CITLALLI , BALLESTEROS-BARRERA CLAUDIA 
Published: July 2012

SummaryDelimiting the distribution of a species is a complex task because many determining factors are difficult to assess in the field. This is important because distribution is a key factor in the decision-making process for conservation. One example is the Bearded Wood PartridgeDendrortyx barbatus, a species endemic to the temperate forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO) mountain range in Mexico. Lack of knowledge of its distribution has generated confusion over the assignment of the correct risk category. With the aim of predicting the distribution area of the Bearded Wood Partridge and contributing to strategies for its conservation, we updated and extended the knowledge of its distribution by modelling its ecological niche using GARP and MaxEnt algorithms. We also analysed its environmental distribution using principal components analysis, and contrasted the two most important environmental variables with the species’s distribution based on vegetation type. We found that the area potentially occupied by this species covers 17,956 km2according to GARP and 12,974 km2according to MaxEnt. We suggest that there is a biogeographic barrier which limits the distribution of this species in the southern part of its range. The abiotic variables that best explain its distribution are average annual precipitation and elevation, both of which coincide well with the distribution of cloud forest. A redefinition of the current range as recognised by IUCN is proposed along with the need to change its national risk category.
Influence of selected (pre-)maturational parameters on in vitro development and sex distribution of bovine embryos
Authors: Abele Eva , Stinshoff Hanna , Hanstedt Ana , Wilkening Sandra , Meinecke-Tillmann S. , Wrenzycki Christine 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe objectives of this research were to study the influence of a reduced oxygen concentration during in vitro maturation (IVM) and examine the effect of follicular glucose concentration on bovine in vitro development and sex distribution. In the first experiment, abattoir-derived cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) were matured under 5% O2 or 20% O2. Secondly, COC were isolated and the glucose (G) concentration of each follicle was determined. COC were pooled in groups (G<1.1mMol or G≥1.1mMol) according to the glucose content before being subjected to in vitro production (IVP). Cleavage and development rates were assessed on days 3, 7 and 8 post insemination. Blastocysts of each group were sexed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expanded blastocysts were stained to assess total cell numbers and live–dead cell ratio. Cleavage and development rates stayed similar after reducing the O2 concentration during IVM. The sex ratio of embryos generated from oocytes matured under 5% O2 was shifted in favour of the female (♀: 61.9%), whereas the sex ratio of embryos belonging to the IVM 20% O2 group did not differ significantly from the expected 50:50 ratio. Neither a ‘higher’ nor a ‘lower’ intrafollicular glucose concentration influenced cleavage and development rates, cell numbers or live–dead cell ratio. Eighty five per cent (G<1.1) and 63.6% (G≥1.1) of the analysed embryos were female. In summary, neither a reduced O2 concentration during IVM nor selection based on follicular glucose concentrations affected the morphological quality of embryos. Although the sex distribution was shifted in favour of female embryos in all three experimental groups, more male embryos could be seen in the G≥1.1 group compared with the G<1.1 group.
Food consumption of Sri Lankan adults: an appraisal of serving characteristics
Authors: Jayawardena Ranil , Byrne Nuala M , Soares Mario J , Katulanda Prasad , Hills Andrew P 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe main aim of the present study was to identify food consumption in Sri Lankan adults based on serving characteristics.DesignCross-sectional study. Fruits, vegetables, starch, meat, pulses, dairy products and added sugars in the diet were assessed with portion sizes estimated using standard methods.SettingTwelve randomly selected clusters from the Sri Lanka Diabetes and Cardiovascular Study.SubjectsSix hundred non-institutionalized adults.ResultsThe daily intake of fruit (0·43), vegetable (1·73) and dairy (0·39) portions were well below national recommendations. Only 3·5 % of adults consumed the recommended 5 portions of fruits and vegetables/d; over a third of the population consumed no dairy products and fewer than 1 % of adults consumed 2 portions/d. In contrast, Sri Lankan adults consumed over 14 portions of starch and 3·5 portions of added sugars daily. Almost 70 % of those studied exceeded the upper limit of the recommendations for starch intake. The total daily number of meat and pulse portions was 2·78.ConclusionsDietary guidelines emphasize the importance of a balanced and varied diet; however, a substantial proportion of the Sri Lankan population studied failed to achieve such a recommendation. Nutrition-related diseases in the country may be closely correlated with unhealthy eating habits.
Schuleintritt als Risiko für Schulanfänger? 11Dieser Beitrag wurde unter der geschäftsführenden Herausgeberschaft von Jens Möller angenommen.
Authors: Faust Gabriele , Kratzmann Jens , Wehner Franziska 
Published: July 2012

Zusammenfassung: Der Schuleintritt gilt als kritische Schwelle im Leben und in den Bildungskarrieren von Kindern. An Daten der BiKS-Längsschnittstudie 3–10 wurden auf der Basis von Eltern- und Lehrerangaben zu vier Messzeitpunkten jeweils neun und drei Monate vor und nach dem Schuleinstieg der Kinder (N = 554 aus 97 Kindergartengruppen in Bayern und Hessen) zwei Fragen überprüft: (1.) Werden psychosoziale Probleme im Zusammenhang mit dem Schuleintritt besser vom Transitionsansatz oder von der «paradoxen» Theorie Caspi und Moffits vorausgesagt? Mit Hilfe von Latent-Change-Modellen zeigt sich für die drei untersuchten Subskalen der Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), dass die Ausgangsmittelwerte sehr niedrig sind und sich kaum verändern. Dies spricht für bereits länger andauernde Verhaltens- und Persönlichkeitsprobleme bei den wenigen Kindern, bei denen der Übergang mit Problemen einhergeht, was die “paradoxe” Theorie Caspi und Moffitts bestätigt und möglichst frühe Interventionen in der Kindertageseinrichtung nahe legt. (2.) In einer zweiten Fragestellung wird regressionsanalytisch untersucht, inwieweit individuelle, familiäre und institutionelle Prädiktoren einen erfolgreichen Schuleintritt beeinflussen. Erwartet wird, dass Mädchen, Kinder mit besseren Vorkenntnissen und aus höher gebildeten Elternhäusern sowie ältere Kinder einen besseren Schulstart haben und dass Schulvorbereitung im Kindergarten und Kooperationsmaßnahmen von Kindergarten und Grundschule einen Schutz für Schulanfänger darstellen. Während die Hypothesen zu den individuellen Prädiktoren und zum familiären Bildungsniveau bestätigt werden, sind die institutionellen Prädiktoren weitgehend ohne Einfluss.
Erstsprachliche Leistungsentwicklung im Immersionsunterricht: Vorteile trotz Unterrichts in einer Fremdsprache?
Authors: Gebauer Sandra Kristina , Zaunbauer Anna C. M. , Möller Jens 
Published: July 2012

Zusammenfassung: Immersionsunterricht stellt eine Integration von Sprach- und Fachunterricht (vgl. CLIL) dar, bei dem Schüler in einer Fremdsprache (z. B. Englisch) unterrichtet werden. In dieser Studie wurde die Entwicklung von Leseflüssigkeit und Rechtschreibleistung in den ersten vier Jahrgangsstufen von n = 351 immersiv und n = 306 konventionell unterrichteten Schülern verglichen. Latente Wachstumskurvenmodelle zeigten, dass die Schülergruppen in beiden Domänen dasselbe Ausgangsniveau aufwiesen. In der Leseflüssigkeit fand sich jedoch ein schnellerer Leistungszuwachs bei den immersiv unterrichteten Schülern, während sich die Rechtschreibleistung in beiden Gruppen ähnlich positiv entwickelte. Damit bestätigt sich, dass Immersionsschüler trotz Unterrichts in einer Fremdsprache mindestens keine Nachteile im L1-Lesen und Schreiben erleiden. Die Befunde werden in Hinblick auf positive Effekte des Immersionsunterrichts auf kognitive Funktionen und interlinguale Transferprozesse diskutiert.
Numerical simulation of saltating particles in atmospheric boundary layer over flat bed and sand ripples
Authors: Tong Ding , Huang Ning 
Published: July 2012

In this work, we numerically simulated the saltating particles in a turbulent boundary layer over flat bed and sand ripples. By using natural sand grains in a wind tunnel, we obtained the initial conditions for the simulation and also verified the correctness of the numerical model. We carefully analyzed the numerically simulated saltating particle movement over the two sand beds, and we found the following. (1) The aeolian sand transport is a dynamic equilibrium process on both sand beds, and it took longer to reach equilibration on the sand ripples than on the flat bed. (2) According to the mass flux profile at the trough of the sand ripples, there is a maximum mass flux at about 4 cm height in the leeward section. The mass flux increases with height below 4 cm and decreases with height above 4 cm. (3) The wind profile near the surface is modified by saltating particles on the two different sand beds, and the flow field characteristics of the sand ripples are more complex than that of the flat bed.
A slow slip event in the south central Alaska Subduction Zone and related seismicity anomaly
Authors: Wei Meng , McGuire Jeffrey J. , Richardson Eliza 
Published: July 2012

We detected a slow slip event in the south central Alaska Subduction Zone by analyzing continuous GPS data from the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) network. The slow slip event started in early 2010 at a depth of 35 km beneath the Cook Inlet, near the down‐dip end of the locked zone, and is ongoing as of November 2011 with an accumulated magnitude ofMw 6.9. Analysis of the earthquake catalog in the same area using the stochastic Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model (ETAS) shows a small but detectable seismicity increase during the slow slip event. We also find a change in seismicity rate around 1998, that may suggest an earlier slow slip event in the same region. Slow slip events in Alaska appear more widespread than previously thought but have remained undetected due to their long durations, the time intervals between them, and the limited time records from the continuous GPS.
Deep‐water seamount wakes on SEASAT SAR image in the Gulf Stream region
Authors: Zheng Quanan , Holt Benjamin , Li Xiaofeng , Liu Xinan , Zhao Qing , Yuan Yeli , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2012

A SEASAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image taken over the Gulf Stream region shows streak‐like patterns. The physics of their generation and interaction with the Gulf Stream are disputed. This study seeks a convincing interpretation for the SAR imagery patterns. Bathymetric maps show that the sea floor area beneath the streaks is the northeast Hoyt Hills, where isolated seamounts with the heights of 20 to 140 m above the background sea floor are distributed. All the SAR imagery streaks originate from these seamounts and extend downstream. Thus the SAR imagery streaks are interpreted as surface roughness imprints of the seamount wakes. Hydrostatic flow dynamics of the generation of wakes on the lee side of a solid obstacle is used to explain the generation mechanism and internal structure of the seamount wakes. The analysis indicates that boundary conditions and hydrodynamic conditions are favorable for the generation and vertical propagation of the seamount wakes to the upper layer.
Targeted recovery of novel phylogenetic diversity from next-generation sequence data
Authors: Lynch Michael D J , Bartram Andrea K , Neufeld Josh D 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have led to recognition of a so-called ‘rare biosphere’. These microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are defined by low relative abundance and may be specifically adapted to maintaining low population sizes. We hypothesized that mining of low-abundance next-generation 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene data would lead to the discovery of novel phylogenetic diversity, reflecting microorganisms not yet discovered by previous sampling efforts. Here, we test this hypothesis by combining molecular and bioinformatic approaches for targeted retrieval of phylogenetic novelty within rare biosphere OTUs. We combined BLASTN network analysis, phylogenetics and targeted primer design to amplify 16S rRNA gene sequences from unique potential bacterial lineages, comprising part of the rare biosphere from a multi-million sequence data set from an Arctic tundra soil sample. Demonstrating the feasibility of the protocol developed here, three of seven recovered phylogenetic lineages represented extremely divergent taxonomic entities. These divergent target sequences correspond to (a) a previously unknown lineage within the BRC1 candidate phylum, (b) a sister group to the early diverging and currently recognized monospecific Cyanobacteria Gloeobacter, a genus containing multiple plesiomorphic traits and (c) a highly divergent lineage phylogenetically resolved within mitochondria. A comparison to twelve next-generation data sets from additional soils suggested persistent low-abundance distributions of these novel 16S rRNA genes. The results demonstrate this sequence analysis and retrieval pipeline as applicable for exploring underrepresented phylogenetic novelty and recovering taxa that may represent significant steps in bacterial evolution.
Microbial diversity within basement fluids of the sediment-buried Juan de Fuca Ridge flank
Authors: Jungbluth Sean P , Grote Jana , Lin Huei-Ting , Cowen James P , Rappé Michael S 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Despite its immense size, logistical and methodological constraints have largely limited microbiological investigations of the subseafloor basement biosphere. In this study, a unique sampling system was used to collect fluids from the subseafloor basaltic crust via a Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit (CORK) observatory at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program borehole 1301A, located at a depth of 2667 m in the Pacific Ocean on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Here, a fluid delivery line directly accesses a 3.5 million years old basalt-hosted basement aquifer, overlaid by 262 m of sediment, which serves as a barrier to direct exchange with bottom seawater. At an average of 1.2 × 104 cells ml−1, microorganisms in borehole fluids were nearly an order of magnitude less abundant than in surrounding bottom seawater. Ribosomal RNA genes were characterized from basement fluids, providing the first snapshots of microbial community structure using a high-integrity fluid delivery line. Interestingly, microbial communities retrieved from different CORKs (1026B and 1301A) nearly a decade apart shared major community members, consistent with hydrogeological connectivity. However, over three sampling years, the dominant gene clone lineage changed from relatives of Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator within the bacterial phylum Firmicutes in 2008 to the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group in 2009 and a lineage within the JTB35 group of Gammaproteobacteria in 2010, and statistically significant variation in microbial community structure was observed. The enumeration of different phylogenetic groups of cells within borehole 1301A fluids supported our observation that the deep subsurface microbial community was temporally dynamic.
Unique nucleocytoplasmic dsDNA and +ssRNA viruses are associated with the dinoflagellate endosymbionts of corals
Authors: Correa Adrienne M S , Welsh Rory M , Vega Thurber Rebecca L 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The residence of dinoflagellate algae (genus: Symbiodinium) within scleractinian corals is critical to the construction and persistence of tropical reefs. In recent decades, however, acute and chronic environmental stressors have frequently destabilized this symbiosis, ultimately leading to coral mortality and reef decline. Viral infection has been suggested as a trigger of coral–Symbiodinium dissociation; knowledge of the diversity and hosts of coral-associated viruses is critical to evaluating this hypothesis. Here, we present the first genomic evidence of viruses associated with Symbiodinium, based on the presence of transcribed +ss (single-stranded) RNA and ds (double-stranded) DNA virus-like genes in complementary DNA viromes of the coral Montastraea cavernosa and expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries generated from Symbiodinium cultures. The M. cavernosa viromes contained divergent viral sequences similar to the major capsid protein of the dinoflagellate-infecting +ssRNA Heterocapsa circularisquama virus, suggesting a highly novel dinornavirus could infect Symbiodinium. Further, similarities to dsDNA viruses dominated (∼69%) eukaryotic viral similarities in the M. cavernosa viromes. Transcripts highly similar to eukaryotic algae-infecting phycodnaviruses were identified in the viromes, and homologs to these sequences were found in two independently generated Symbiodinium EST libraries. Phylogenetic reconstructions substantiate that these transcripts are undescribed and distinct members of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDVs) group. Based on a preponderance of evidence, we infer that the novel NCLDVs and RNA virus described here are associated with the algal endosymbionts of corals. If such viruses disrupt Symbiodinium, they are likely to impact the flexibility and/or stability of coral–algal symbioses, and thus long-term reef health and resilience.
Importance of rare taxa for bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of Bt- and conventional maize varieties
Authors: Dohrmann Anja B , Küting Meike , Jünemann Sebastian , Jaenicke Sebastian , Schlüter Andreas , Tebbe Christoph C 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Ribosomal 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was used to explore whether the genetically modified (GM) Bt-maize hybrid MON 89034 × MON 88017, expressing three insecticidal recombinant Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis, would alter the rhizosphere bacterial community. Fine roots of field cultivated Bt-maize and three conventional maize varieties were analyzed together with coarse roots of the Bt-maize. A total of 547 000 sequences were obtained. Library coverage was 100% at the phylum and 99.8% at the genus rank. Although cluster analyses based on relative abundances indicated no differences at higher taxonomic ranks, genera abundances pointed to variety specific differences. Genera-based clustering depended solely on the 49 most dominant genera while the remaining 461 rare genera followed a different selection. A total of 91 genera responded significantly to the different root environments. As a benefit of pyrosequencing, 79 responsive genera were identified that might have been overlooked with conventional cloning sequencing approaches owing to their rareness. There was no indication of bacterial alterations in the rhizosphere of the Bt-maize beyond differences found between conventional varieties. B. thuringiensis-like phylotypes were present at low abundance (0.1% of Bacteria) suggesting possible occurrence of natural Cry proteins in the rhizospheres. Although some genera indicated potential phytopathogenic bacteria in the rhizosphere, their abundances were not significantly different between conventional varieties and Bt-maize. With an unprecedented sensitivity this study indicates that the rhizosphere bacterial community of a GM maize did not respond abnormally to the presence of three insecticidal proteins in the root tissue.
Systematically Bridging the Gap Between Novae and Supernovae
Authors: Kasliwal M. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe venerable study of cosmic explosions is over a century old. However, until recently, there has existed a glaring six-magnitude luminosity gap between the brightest novae and faintest supernovae. Serendipitous discoveries, archival searches and ongoing systematic surveys are yielding optical transients that are fainter, faster and rarer than supernovae. Theorists predict a variety of mechanisms to produce transients in the gap and observers have the best chance of finding them in the local Universe. Here I review the discoveries and the unique physics of cosmic explosions that bridge this gap between novae and supernovae.
Catalytic hydrogen evolution from a covalently linked dicobaloxime
Authors: Valdez Carolyn N. , Dempsey Jillian L. , Brunschwig Bruce S. , Winkler Jay R. , Gray Harry B. 
Published: July 2012

A dicobaloxime in which monomeric Co(III) units are linked by an octamethylene bis(glyoxime) catalyzes the reduction of protons from
p
-toluenesulfonic acid as evidenced by electrocatalytic waves at -0.4 V vs. the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in acetonitrile solutions. Rates of hydrogen evolution were determined from catalytic current peak heights (
k
app
= 1100 ± 70 M
-1
s
-1
). Electrochemical experiments reveal no significant enhancement in the rate of H
2
evolution from that of a monomeric analogue: The experimental rate law is first order in catalyst and acid consistent with previous findings for similar mononuclear cobaloximes. Our work suggests that H
2
evolution likely occurs by protonation of reductively generated Co
II
H rather than homolysis of two Co
III
H units.
One-electron oxidation of an oxoiron(IV) complex to form an [O═Fe
V
═NR]
+
center
Authors: Van Heuvelen Katherine M. , Fiedler Adam T. , Shan Xiaopeng , De Hont Raymond F. , Meier Katlyn K. , Bominaar Emile L. , Münck Eckard , Que Lawrence 
Published: July 2012

Oxoiron(V) species are postulated to be involved in the mechanisms of the arene
cis
-dihydroxylating Rieske dioxygenases and of bioinspired nonheme iron catalysts for alkane hydroxylation, olefin
cis
-dihydroxylation, and water oxidation. In an effort to obtain a synthetic oxoiron(V) complex, we report herein the one-electron oxidation of the
S
= 1 complex [Fe
IV
(O)(TMC)(NCCH
3
)]
2+
(
1
, where TMC is tetramethylcyclam) by treatment with
tert
-butyl hydroperoxide and strong base in acetonitrile to generate a metastable

complex
2
at -44 °C, which has been characterized by UV-visible, resonance Raman, Mössbauer, and EPR methods. The defining spectroscopic characteristic of
2
is the unusual
x
/
y
anisotropy observed for the
57
Fe and
17
O A tensors associated with the high-valent Fe═O unit and for the
14
N A tensor of a ligand derived from acetonitrile. As shown by detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the unusual
x
/
y
anisotropy observed can only arise from an iron center with substantially different spin populations in the d

xz

and d

yz

orbitals, which cannot correspond to an Fe
IV
═O unit but is fully consistent with an

Fe
V
center, like that found for [Fe
V
(O)(TAML)]
-
(where TAML is tetraamido macrocyclic ligand), the only well-characterized oxoiron(V) complex reported. Mass spectral analysis shows that the generation of
2
entails the addition of an oxygen atom to
1
and the loss of one positive charge. Taken together, the spectroscopic data and DFT calculations support the formulation of
2
as an iron(V) complex having axial oxo and acetylimido ligands, namely [Fe
V
(O)(TMC)(NC(O)CH
3
)]
+
.