bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid‐infrared transmission through a subwavelength circular aperture coupled to a surrounding concentric metal grating by surface plasmon excitation
Authors: Lee S. C. , Ku Z. , Jang W.‐Y. , Kim J. H. , Hains C. , Krishna S. , Brueck S. R. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSurface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupling of mid‐infrared light to the electrons on the surface of a concentric metal grating integrated onto a GaSb substrate is simulated with 3‐dimensional finite difference time domain methods. The transmission through a subwavelength circular aperture at the center of the grating by this coupling is highly sensitive to the variation of the aperture diameter and shows the strongest SPP coupling when the diameter approximately becomes a half period of the grating. On the other hand, the simulation reveals that SPP coupling does not decay so fast for d larger than a half period and provides noticeable effects until the diameter becomes comparable to the grating period. It also shows that the coupling is ineffective when the diameter reaches a few grating periods. Transmission through the subwavelength aperture is remarkably enhanced by such SPP coupling, which can be very important in its practical applications. The simulation is focused on its application to mid‐infrared focal plane arrays. Some potential factors for additional enhancement of transmission are discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of alkali halides on the emission properties in Tm‐doped chalcogenide glasses
Authors: Maeda Kouji , Tsuruda Kazuisao , Imai Takahiko , Ikari Tetsuo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhotoluminescence properties and local structure of Tm ions in Ge‐Ga‐Se glasses with the addition of alkali halides were investigated. The range of halide concentrations in the glass of composition (Ge26Ga9(Se+S)65)100‐x (Halide)x)99Tm1 (where x = 0–12 mol%, Halide = CsBr, CsI) were prepared by melt quenching methods. The luminescence lifetime of Tm3+ ions at 1780 nm band (3F4→3H6) increased with increasing alkali halide concentration. When the CsBr content is 10 mol%, the PL lifetime of the 1780 nm band increased about 4 times compared with that in the glass without CsBr. The 1460 nm band PL lifetime did not increase as much. The glass transition temperature decreased with increasing CsBr content. The effect of CsI addition is almost the same as the addition of CsBr. The addition of Br ions into the glass would result in the formation of Ga‐Br bonding. These phenomena in Ge‐Ga‐Se glasses are similar to those in Ge‐Ga‐S glasses with CsBr (Y.B. Shin et al., J. Mater. Res. 16, 1318 (2001) [1]). It is supposed that a complex such as a tetrahedral [GaSe3/2Br]– subunit is formed. The structure could be coordinated to Tm3+ ions. The local structure plays an important role in the emission properties of excited Tm3+ ions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The local electron interaction with crystal lattice defects in CdHgSe solid solution
Authors: Malyk Orest 
Published: April 2009

AbstractElectron scattering on the short‐range potential caused by the interaction with polar and nonpolar optical phonons, piezoelectric and acoustic phonons, static strain, ionized impurities in CdxHg1–xSe (0≤ x ≤ 0.547) samples annealed in the selenium vapour or in the dynamic vacuum are considered. Within the framework of precise solution of the stationary Boltzmann equation on the base of short‐range principle the temperature dependences of electron mobility in the range 4.2–300 K are calculated. A good coordination of theory and experiment in the investigated temperature range is established. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Fenugreek Fiber on Satiety, Blood Glucose and Insulin Response and Energy Intake in Obese Subjects
Authors: Mathern Jocelyn R. , Raatz Susan K. , Thomas William , Slavin Joanne L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEighteen healthy obese subjects participated in a single blind, randomized, crossover study of three test breakfasts, containing 0 g (control), 4 g or 8 g of isolated fenugreek fiber. Subjects recorded ratings of hunger, satiety, fullness and prospective food consumption using visual analog scales (VAS) every 30 min for 3.5 h. Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses were measured. Energy intake from an ad libitum lunch buffet and for the remainder of the day was assessed. The 8 g dose of fenugreek fiber significantly increased mean ratings of satiety and fullness, and reduced ratings of hunger and prospective food consumption (P < 0.05). Palatability was significantly reduced with increasing doses of fenugreek fiber (P < 0.05). No differences were observed for area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose among treatments. An increase in insulin AUC was found with 8 g fenugreek fiber. Energy intake at an ad libitum lunch buffet was significantly lower for 8 g than 4 g fenugreek fiber, but not significantly different from control, although there was a trend towards a lower intake (p = 0.11). No differences were observed for energy intake for the remainder of the day. Fenugreek fiber (8 g) significantly increased satiety and reduced energy intake at lunch, suggesting it may have short‐term beneficial effects in obese subjects. Satiety results were not related to postprandial blood glucose. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ITRI‐WiMAXT: A WiMAX conformance testing tool
Authors: Lee Hsin‐Yi , Lin Yi‐Bing , Liang Ching‐Feng , Huang Shiang‐Ming 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe WiMAX Forum certifies and promotes the compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products where many testcases need to be developed for WiMAX procedures. In this paper, we develop a conformance test tool called ITRI‐WiMAXT based on the TTCN‐3 specifications. Then we show how WiMAX procedures are tested in ITRI‐WiMAXT. Based on ITRI‐WiMAXT, we have proposed several test procedures accepted by the WiMAX Forum. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associative IP paging based on hierarchical mobile IPv6
Authors: Pan Jen‐Yi , Lin Wei‐Jen , Hsu Ting‐Wei , Pan Kai‐Fang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIP paging is a well‐known topic, which focuses on reducing amount of binding update (BU). Various IP paging architectures rely on multicast/broadcast to send their messages in wireless network. However, multicast/broadcast is unreliable and has limited bandwidth in power saving mode. This paper uses unicast to avoid exhaustion of the limited bandwidth and reliably page mobile nodes (MNs) by layer 2's supporting acknowledgment in nature. Furthermore, we successfully suppress the amount of BU by remembering and checking MNs' ever attached on‐link care of addresses (LCoAs) in the stack, which is maintained by least recently used (LRU) algorithm for efficiently paging while MNs moving in a localized pattern. We simulate this mechanism to obtain the optimal stack size, which can dramatically reduce the signals of location update and paging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale systems integration in the eye
Authors: Jacobs Marc D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of research topics on the eye is reviewed with the aim of illustrating how integrative and systems‐biological approaches can be used to understand complex properties and functions of ocular tissues. Emphasis is placed on the diversity of physiological systems represented in the eye, and the variety of approaches required to analyze those systems, both empirically and theoretically. Modeling and empirical studies reviewed focus mainly on problems that the eye presents, in the broad areas of biomechanics and fluid dynamics from the molecular to the whole‐organ scale. Attention is given to the relevance of these studies in human disease and the current potential for development of medical therapies based upon a biophysical, integrative modeling approach. The creation of a multiscale hierarchy of numerical models of the eye is proposed as an important and unifying aim of integrative eye research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical MethodsPhysiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and DiseaseModels of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Embryo development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be predicted by assessment of sperm nuclear chromatin
Authors: Takayama Tomoko , Katayose Haruo , Yanagida Kaoru , Sato Akira 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo assess the influence of structural differences in sperm nuclei on embryo development in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).MethodsSemen obtained from forty‐four infertile patients who underwent ICSI was examined. In assessing blastocyst development, only those patients who had successfully obtained over five fertilized eggs were included to exclude any oocyte factors (n = 22). Spermatozoa were assessed using excitation fluorescence flow cytometry with acridine orange and the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between the COMP values obtained from flow cytometry and blastocyst formation. (r = 0.477, p = 0.025). There was a significant negative correlation between the SCD values representing DNA fragmentation and blastocyst formation. (r = 0.796, p < 0.001). COMP values and SCD values were independent parameters to assess sperm nuclear quality regarding embryo development in vitro (r = 0.224, p = 0.080).ConclusionResults suggest that injection of spermatozoa with fewer disulfide bonds and less nuclear DNA fragmentation could achieve better blastocyst formation in human ICSI. Assessment of sperm chromatin should help to predict embryo development after ICSI.
Blanket Warming: Comfort and Safety
Authors: Bujdoso Paul J. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTA project was undertaken to establish the safety of hospital blankets warmed at different temperatures in a warming cabinet. Three volunteers were covered with unheated blankets, blankets warmed to 110° F (43° C), and blankets warmed to 150° F (66° C).Evaluators asked the participants to rate their perceived warmth and perceived comfort on a scale of zero to 10 before the blanket was placed and at one, three, and five minutes after blanket exposure.Blanket temperatures decreased to approximately 80° F (27° C) within five minutes regardless of the initial temperature. No participants perceived overheating or burning at any temperature. Perceived warmth and comfort increased with the initial temperature of the blanket. AORN J 89 (April 2009) 717–722. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Nurses' Knowledge of Inadvertent Hypothermia
Authors: Hegarty Josephine , Walsh Ella , Burton Aileen , Murphy Sheila , O'Gorman Fionuala , McPolin Gráinne 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTInadvertent hypothermia can have significant consequences in the perioperative setting. Knowing how to recognize and manage inadvertent hypothermia is an important aspect of perioperative nursing.A quantitative, descriptive study was conducted at an annual perioperative nursing conference to evaluate nurses' knowledge regarding the prevention of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia.Significant variations in responses regarding definitions of hypothermia and normothermia were noted. In addition, nurses identified a plethora of factors that prevent them from maintaining normothermia in their patients. These factors mandate a need for educational interventions and the adoption of practice guidelines in the clinical area. AORN J 89 (April 2009) 701–713. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Creating a No‐Lift, No‐Transfer Environment in the OR
Authors: Timmons Linda 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTStaff members at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, identified a need to update the existing 30‐year‐old transport system/surgical table. This update would maintain efficiency while improving patient and employee safety.After an investigation of many different stretchers and chairs, the nurse managers selected a chair that could be used throughout all phases of the procedures, which would eliminate transfers and create fewer hazards for patients and staff members.The new system has reduced risk of falls and staff member injury and has improved efficiency. AORN J 89 (April 2009) 733–736. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Surgical Management of Traumatic L2‐L3 Spondyloptosis
Authors: Martin Sharolyn , Raup Glenn , Hunter Stephanie , Cho Paul 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTSubluxation of a vertebra secondary to an injury (ie, traumatic spondyloptosis) is most commonly seen in the lumbosacral joint. This extremely rare spinal destabilization is caused by congenital defects, degeneration, tumors, infection, or trauma and is accompanied by severe neurologic debilitation.The patient's neurological function can be preserved when surgical team members have knowledge of spinal injuries, surgical interventions, positioning and its implications, and an awareness of the risks to the patient.Appropriate interventions can decrease complications, operative revisions, length of stay, morbidity and mortality, and hospital costs. AORN J 89 (April 2009) 657–672. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Apnea–hypopnea index in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Yang Hsiao‐Ping , Kang Jiunn‐Horng , Su Hsiu‐Yueh , Tzeng Chii‐Ruey , Liu Wei‐Min , Huang Shih‐Yi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on respiratory events during sleep in nonobese Taiwanese women.MethodOvernight polysomnography was recorded in 18 nonobese women with PCOS who had not received treatment (body mass index [BMI] 21.7 ± 0.57, age 29.1 ± 1.43 years) and in 10 age‐ and BMI‐matched women without PCOS (BMI 20.9 ± 0.58, age 31.6 ± 3.87 years).ResultsThe nonobese women with PCOS had a higher total apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) especially during the non‐rapid eye movement stage (AHINREM) than the women who did not have PCOS. The women with PCOS had higher serum levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and this was positively correlated with AHIREM. Total testosterone level was positively correlated with AHINREM, and androstenedione was negatively correlated with AHINREM.ConclusionPCOS was directly linked to increased obstructive respiratory events during sleep in nonobese women in Taiwan.
Interest Group Adaptations to Campaign Finance Reform in Canada and the United States
Authors: Boatright Robert G. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract.The United States and Canada enacted similar campaign finance reforms in the early 2000s. This article draws upon interviews with leaders of the major Canadian interest groups to explore similarities and differences in the responses of Canadian and American interest groups to reform. While groups in both countries shared an increased emphasis on mobilization and communication with members, the Canadian reforms were more effective at removing many groups from political campaigns entirely. This difference is primarily a result of differences in the two nations' party systems and the historical development of interest groups in the two countries.Résumé.Au début des années 2000, les États-Unis et le Canada ont promulgué des lois similaires visant la réforme du financement des campagnes électorales. Cet article est basé sur des entretiens avec les chefs des principaux groupes d'intérêt canadiens. Il étudie les ressemblances et les différences entre leurs réponses à ces réformes et celles des groupes d'intérêt américains. Même si les groupes des deux pays ont tous insisté sur la communication et la mobilisation de leurs membres, les réformes canadiennes ont mieux réussi à éliminer entièrement plusieurs groupes des campagnes électorales. Cette différence s'explique surtout par la structure différente des deux systèmes de partis politiques et par l'évolution historique des groupes d'intérêt dans ces deux pays.
The Unanimous Decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada as a Test of the Attitudinal Model
Authors: Songer Donald R. , Siripurapu Julia 
Published: April 2009

Abstract.Most of the empirical work on the decision making of justices on the Supreme Court of Canada has taken as its exclusive focus the divided decisions of the Court. In contrast to this extensive body of research on divided decision, the much more limited knowledge of unanimous decisions is troubling because such decisions constitute nearly three-quarters of all of the formal decisions of the Court. The analysis reported below provides a first step towards understanding the neglected nature of unanimous decisions. This investigation of the nature and causes of unanimity in the Supreme Court of Canada explores two competing explanations: one drawn from the most widely accepted general explanation of judicial voting (that is, the attitudinal model) and the other from the perspectives of the justices themselves. To determine that perspective, the author interviewed ten of the current or recent justices on the Court. After describing these two alternative accounts of unanimity, empirical tests are conducted of the implications of each view. We find substantially more support for the perspectives of the justices than for the perspective derived from the attitudinal model on unanimity.Résumé.La majeure partie du travail de recherche empirique portant sur la manière dont les juges de la Cour suprême du Canada prennent leurs décisions se concentre exclusivement sur les décisions divisées de cette institution. En contraste avec cette foison d'études sur les décisions divisées, le corpus beaucoup plus limité de connaissances sur les décisions unanimes pose un problème important, car celles-ci représentent presque les trois quarts de la totalité des décisions formelles de la Cour suprême. L'analyse présentée ci-dessous se veut un premier pas vers une meilleure connaissance de la nature, trop négligée jusqu'à présent, de ces décisions unanimes. Cette investigation sur la nature et les causes de l'unanimité dans les décisions de la Cour suprême du Canada explore deux voies se trouvant en compétition : l'une qui résulte de l'explication la plus largement acceptée du vote judiciaire (soit le modèle attitudinal), et l'autre qui découle de la perspective personnelle des juges. Pour élucider cette perspective propre des juges, les auteurs ont interviewé dix juges actuels et récents de la Cour suprême du Canada. Après avoir décrit ces deux explications alternatives de l'unanimité, ils effectuent des tests empiriques sur les implications respectives du modèle attitudinal et des perspectives propres des juges. L'étude révèle que les perspectives propres des juges ont beaucoup plus de poids que la perspective dérivée du modèle attitudinal en ce qui concerne l'unanimité.
Voter Heterogeneity: Informational Differences and Voting
Authors: Roy Jason 
Published: April 2009

Abstract.Do differences in levels of political information affect the vote calculus? Do differences in the decision process along informational divides affect vote choice? Using data from the 2004 Canadian Election Study this research tests the influence of political information on both the vote decision process and incumbent vote shares through a series of analyses that compare actual and simulated behaviour across information levels. The proposition being tested contends that information heterogeneity produces differences in the vote calculus that in turn lead to systematic and significant variation in vote choice. The results suggest that information does indeed affect the decision calculus and outcome, but not necessarily as one might expect.Résumé.Le niveau d'information politique des électeurs a-t-il une incidence sur leur vote? Les différences dans le processus décisionnel associées au niveau d'information influent-elles sur les électeurs? Grâce aux données tirées de l'édition 2004 de l'Étude électorale canadienne et à une série d'estimations et de simulations statistiques, cet article propose de tester l'influence du niveau d'information politique sur le processus décisionnel des électeurs et sur le soutien accordé aux urnes au parti sortant. La proposition testée ici stipule que la présence d'hétérogénéité dans l'information politique des électeurs influe sur leurs mécanismes de décision, ce qui entraîne une variation systématique et significative dans le choix du vote. Les résultats suggèrent que l'information politique a une incidence sur le processus décisionnel des électeurs et sur leur vote, bien que cet impact n'aille pas nécessairement dans le sens attendu.
Birds of a Feather? Citizenship Norms, Group Identity, and Political Participation in Western Canada
Authors: Raney Tracey , Berdahl Loleen 
Published: April 2009

Abstract.This paper explores how citizenship norms of duty to vote and to volunteer in one's community influence political participation, and the role of group identities in producing these norms. By showing how citizenship norms influence an array of political activities, and by drawing on social psychology literature that shows how citizenship norms are shaped by group identifications, the paper offers a more complete picture of the relationship between citizenship norms and political participation beyond traditional civic duty/federal vote models that currently dominate Canadian political research. The central argument forwarded is that not only do citizenship norms matter to political participation, but that group identities matter, too.Résumé.Cette étude explore les effets sur la participation politique des normes relatives au devoir du citoyen de voter et de contribuer à sa communauté, de même que le rôle des identités de groupe dans la production de ces normes. En montrant comment les normes de citoyenneté influencent une foule d'activités politiques et en puisant dans la littérature en psychologie sociale, qui montre comment ces normes sont formées par des identifications de groupe, cette étude aide à mieux comprendre la relation entre ces normes et la participation politique au-delà du cadre traditionnel devoir civique / vote fédéral qui domine actuellement la recherche en politique canadienne. La thèse avancée est que les normes de citoyenneté jouent effectivement un rôle important dans la participation politique, tout comme les identités de groupe.
Pratiques des artistes en arts visuels : un terrain fécond pour une réflexion sur les contours actuels de l'engagement
Authors: Lamoureux Eve 
Published: April 2009

Résumé. À partir d'une recherche sur l'art engagé des artistes québécois en arts visuels, nous analysons ce que ce type particulier de contestation sociopolitique nous apprend sur les transformations qu'a subies l'engagement depuis la fin des années 1970. Nous explorons ainsi la représentation sociale de l'engagement dit passé ainsi que les caractéristiques actuelles des pratiques artisticopolitiques. Ce choix d'étudier l'engagement à partir d'une forme située hors du cadre strict de l'action usuelle, dans un espace ouvert (au sens où il ne correspond pas aux lieux, aux institutions et aux façons d'agir reconnus comme politiques), permet d'accéder à la diversité des configurations de l'engagement présent et aux déplacements et transgressions opérés quant à sa représentation plus classique.Abstract. Based on research on the politically committed art of Québécois visual artists, we analyze what this particular form of socio-political contestation teaches us about the changes which political involvement has seen since the end of the 1970s. We explore the social representation of involvement said to be that of the past, as well as the characteristics of present day artistic-political practices. The choice made to study involvement from a perspective outside of the framework of usual political action, in an open space (open in the sense of lacking correspondence with the spaces, institutions and ways of acting usually recognized as political), opens on the diversity of current forms of involvement and on the changes and transgressions which have occurred with regard to the more classical social representation of involvement.