bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in how a low sensitivity to alcohol relates to later heavy drinking
Authors: SCHUCKIT MARC A. , SMITH TOM L. , TRIM RYAN S. , KUPERMAN SAMUEL , KRAMER JOHN , HESSELBROCK VICTOR , BUCHOLZ KATHLEEN K. , NURNBERGER JR JOHN I. , HESSELBROCK MICHIE , SAUNDERS GRETCHEN 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. A low level of response (LR), or low sensitivity, to alcohol is a genetically influenced characteristic that predicts future heavy drinking and alcohol problems. While previous analyses of how LR relates to heavier drinking reported the process is similar in males and females, some potential sex differences have been identified. This difference is further explored in these analyses.Design and Methods. Prospective structural equation models (SEMs) were evaluated for 183 young adult females and 162 males, none of Asian background, from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Invariance analyses and SEM evaluations by sex were used to compare across females and males for these primarily Caucasian (75%), non‐Asian young (mean age 19) subjects.Results. The prospective SEM for the full set of 345 subjects had good fit characteristics and explained 37% of the variance. While the initial invariance analyses identified few sex differences, comparisons of correlations and direct evaluations of path coefficients across males and females indicated that only females showed a link between a low LR and future alcohol problems that was partially mediated by more positive alcohol expectancies and drinking to cope. These sex differences were reflected in the different structures of the SEM results for female versus male subjects.Discussion and Conclusions. These prospective results indicate that there might be some important sex differences regarding how a lower LR relates to alcohol outcomes that should be considered in protocols focusing on preventing the impact of LR on future drinking problems.[Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Trim RS, Kuperman S, Kramer J, Hesselbrock V, Bucholz KK, Nurnberger Jr JI, Hesselbrock M, Saunders G. Sex differences in how a low sensitivity to alcohol relates to later heavy drinking. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:871–880]
Performance Sensitivity of Executive Pay: The Role of Foreign Investors and Affiliated Directors inJapan
Authors: Colpan Asli M. , Yoshikawa Toru 
Published: June 2012

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis study investigates the effects of corporate governance factors on the firm performance and executive compensation linkage. Specifically, we examine how domestic corporate‐appointed directors, bank‐appointed directors and foreign ownership moderate the relationship between firm profitability, sales growth, and executive bonus pay in Japanese firms.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a sample of the largest Japanese manufacturing companies from 1997 to 2007, we find that corporate‐appointed directors positively moderate the relationship between firm growth and bonus pay, while foreign shareholders exhibit a positive moderating effect on the relationship between firm profitability and bonus pay. Bank‐appointed directors are straddled between their profitability orientation and relational role: They link firm profitability and bonus pay, but also show positive influence on the firm growth and bonus pay relationship.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study makes a contribution to research on ownership heterogeneity and executive compensation by empirically showing that different owners and directors affiliated with certain ownership groups have varied implications on the firm performance–executive pay relationship. It also makes a contribution to research on corporate governance change by providing insights on how different actors facilitate shifts in the linkage between performance and pay.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur findings offer insights to stakeholders to pay attention to ownership structure and board composition in acknowledging the varied financial motivation of executives to pursue growth and/or profitability.
Assessment of the Impact of Avian Influenza–related Regulatory Policies on Poultry Meat Trade and Welfare
Authors: Wieck Christine , Schlüter Simon W. , Britz Wolfgang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA Heckman‐type gravity model is used to estimate the trade impact of avian influenza–related quarantine ex post measures. An accompanying spatial partial equilibrium simulation model is developed to simulate related welfare changes. The simulation model considers spread and transmission risk according to the disease status of both importers and exporters. The econometric results show that the principle of regionalisation is preferred to import trade bans for uncooked meat. The simulation results verify the negative welfare impact of currently implemented quarantine policies and indicate that significant trade diversion effects occur according to the disease status of countries. A trade ban is a costly measure to address the infection risk resulting from the spread of the avian influenza virus.
Intrauterine temperature during intrapartum amnioinfusion: a prospective observational study
Authors: Tomlinson TM , Schaecher C , Sadovsky Y , Gross G 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Tomlinson T, Schaecher C, Sadovsky Y, Gross G. Intrauterine temperature during intrapartum amnioinfusion: a prospective observational study. BJOG 2012;119:958–963.Objective  To determine the influence of routine intrapartum amnioinfusion (AI) on intrauterine temperature.Design  Prospective observational study.Setting  Maternity unit, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO, USA.Sample  Forty women with singleton gestations and an indication for intrapartum intrauterine pressure catheter placement.Methods  Using a temperature probe, we digitally recorded intrauterine temperature every 10 minutes during labour. Amnioinfusion was administered according to a standard protocol using saline equilibrated to the ambient temperature.Main outcome measure  Mean intrauterine temperature during labour.Results  Participants were monitored for a mean of 280 minutes (range 20–820). A total of 164 intrauterine temperature readings in the AI cohort were compared with 797 control measurements. When compared with controls, we observed a lower intrauterine temperature in the AI cohort (36.4 versus 37.4°C, P < 0.01). More measurements in the AI cohort were recorded in the presence of intrapartum fever (40% versus 30%). A subgroup analysis of measurements recorded in afebrile parturients revealed an even greater effect of AI (1.5°C decrease, 37.3 versus 35.8°C, P < 0.01).Conclusion  Routine intrapartum AI using saline equilibrated to a mean ambient temperature of 25.0°C reduces intrauterine temperature and may thereby affect fetal core temperature.
The effect of alcohol binge drinking in early pregnancy on general intelligence in children
Authors: Kesmodel US , Eriksen H‐L Falgreen , Underbjerg M , Kilburn TR , Støvring H , Wimberley T , Mortensen EL 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Kesmodel U, Falgreen Eriksen H, Underbjerg M, Kilburn T, Støvring H, Wimberley T, Mortensen E. The effect of alcohol binge drinking in early pregnancy on general intelligence in children. BJOG 2012;119:1222–1231.Objective To examine the effects of binge alcohol consumption during early pregnancy, including the number of binge episodes and the timing of binge drinking, on general intelligence in 5‐year‐old children.Design Follow‐up study.Setting Neuropsychological testing in four Danish cities 2003–2008.Population A cohort of 1617 women and their children sampled from the Danish National Birth Cohort.Methods Participants were sampled on the basis of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. At 5 years of age the children were tested with six subtests from the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Revised (WPPSI‐R). Parental education, maternal IQ, prenatal maternal smoking, the child’s age at testing, the gender of the child, and tester were considered core confounding factors, whereas the full model also controlled for prenatal maternal average alcohol intake, maternal age, maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, home environment, postnatal parental smoking, health status, and indicators for hearing and vision impairment.Main outcome measure WPPSI‐R.Results There were no systematic or significant differences in general intelligence between children of mothers reporting binge drinking and children of mothers with no binge episodes, except that binge drinking in gestational weeks 1–2 significantly reduced the risk of low, full‐scale IQ (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.31–0.96) when adjusted for core confounding factors. The results were otherwise not statistically significantly related to the number of binge episodes (with a maximum of 12) and timing of binge drinking.Conclusions We found no systematic association between binge drinking during early pregnancy and child intelligence. However, binge drinking reduced the risk of low, full‐scale IQ in gestational weeks 1–2. This finding may be explained by residual confounding.
Effect of contraception provided at termination of pregnancy and incidence of subsequent termination of pregnancy
Authors: Cameron ST , Glasier A , Chen ZE , Johnstone A , Dunlop C , Heller R 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Cameron S, Glasier A, Chen Z, Johnstone A, Dunlop C, Heller R. Effect of contraception provided at termination of pregnancy and incidence of subsequent termination of pregnancy. BJOG 2012;119:1074–1080.Objective  To determine the incidence of subsequent termination of pregnancy (TOP) within a 2‐year period in relation to the method of contraception provided to women following the index TOP.Design  Case note review.Setting  NHS hospital TOP service, Edinburgh, UK.Population  Nine hundred and eighty‐six women requesting a TOP in 2008.Methods  Case notes were reviewed to determine the contraception provided at index TOP and whether women had subsequent TOP at the same hospital within 2 years.Main outcome measures  Incidence of subsequent TOP within 2 years amongst women receiving different contraceptive methods.Results  One hundred and twenty‐one women (12.3%) of the 986 who attended the clinic requesting a TOP returned requesting another TOP in the subsequent 2 years. Both intrauterine contraception and the progestogen‐only implant were associated with the lowest incidence of subsequent TOP. Using the combined oral contraceptive pill as the reference method, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of a further TOP within 2 years with intrauterine contraception and the implant were OR = 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01–0.41; P < 0.001) and OR = 0.06 (95% CI, 0.01–0.23; P < 0.001), respectively. Women choosing the implant were significantly younger than those choosing the intrauterine method (P < 0.001).Conclusion  Women undergoing a TOP who wish to avoid another unintended pregnancy should consider immediate initiation of either intrauterine contraception or the progestogen‐only implant. Service providers should be trained and supported to provide these methods to women at the time of TOP.
Transfers of women planning birth in midwifery units: data from the Birthplace prospective cohort study
Authors: Rowe RE , Fitzpatrick R , Hollowell J , Kurinczuk JJ 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Rowe R, Fitzpatrick R, Hollowell J, Kurinczuk J. Transfers of women planning birth in midwifery units: data from the Birthplace prospective cohort study. BJOG 2012;119:1081–1090.Objective  To examine the percentage of women transferred, reasons for transfer and factors associated with the transfer of women planning birth in midwifery units (MUs).Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  All freestanding midwifery units (FMUs) and alongside midwifery units (AMUs) in England.Participants  Twenty‐nine thousand, two hundred and forty‐eight eligible women with a singleton, term and ‘booked’ pregnancy, planning birth in an MU between April 2008 and April 2010.Methods  Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with transfer.Main outcome measures  Transfer during labour or within 24 hours of birth.Results  Over one in four women were transferred from AMUs and over one in five from FMUs. In both types of MU, compared with multiparous women aged 25–29 years, nulliparous women aged <20 years had higher odds of transfer (FMU‐adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.10–6.57; AMU‐adjusted OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.18–2.06), and the odds of transfer increased with increasing age. Nulliparous women aged ≥35 years in FMUs had 7.4 times the odds of transfer (95% CI, 5.43–10.10) and, in AMUs, 6.0 times the odds of transfer (95% CI, 4.81–7.41). Starting labour care after 40 weeks of gestation and the presence of complicating conditions at the start of labour care were also independently associated with a higher risk of transfer.Conclusions  Transfer from MUs is common, especially for first‐time mothers. This study provides evidence on the maternal characteristics associated with an increased risk of transfer, which can be used to inform women’s choices about place of birth.
Embryo Donation in Iran: An Ethical Review
Authors: Afshar Leila , Bagheri Alireza 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIran is the only Muslim country that has legislation on embryo donation, adopted in 2003. With an estimated 10–15% of couples in the country that are infertile, there are not any legal or religious barriers that prohibit an infertile couple from taking advantage of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs).Although all forms of ARTs available in Iran have been legitimized by religious authorities, there is a lack of legislation in all ARTs except embryo donation. By highlighting ethical issues in embryo donation, the paper presents a critical review of the Act of Embryo Donation in Iran. The paper argues that the Act does not provide enough safeguards for the future child and assurance for the safety of the donated embryos. It also does not restrict embryo donation to surplus embryos from infertile couples and is silent about the number of embryos that could be donated by each couple as well as the number of recipients for donated embryos by a couple.The Act is also silent about the issues of genetic linkage (nasab) and heritage which are challenging issues, especially in a conservative Islamic society. As a result, the future child may not inherit from their birth parents, as it is not required by the Act, or from the genetically related parents under the anonymity policy. Finally there is no standard national protocol or guidelines to evaluate the safety of the donated embryos.The paper concludes that despite its benefits, the Act lacks clarity, and it is subject to misunderstanding and confusion.
The impact of epilepsy on sleep architecture during childhood
Authors: Pereira Alessandra M. , Bruni Oliviero , Ferri Raffaele , Palmini Andre , Nunes Magda L. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPurpose:  The effect of etiology on the relationship between epilepsy and sleep during childhood has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in sleep structure in drug‐resistant epilepsies with different underlying causes.Methods:  We studied 31 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsies with or without a structural lesion (lesional and nonlesional) and compared their sleep architecture with that of normal controls and with that of a group of children with benign epilepsy with rolandic spikes (BERS). Subjects underwent a single‐night polysomnographic recording. Sleep recordings were scored according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) criteria.Key Findings:  Compared to normal controls, patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy showed a significant reduction of time in bed, total sleep time, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, sleep stage N3, and sleep efficiency, and a significant increase in wake after sleep onset. The lesional subgroup showed a reduction in total sleep time and sleep latency and an increase in REM latency and wake after sleep onset. No significant differences, however, were found comparing the lesional and nonlesional subgroups. When compared to BERS, patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy showed a significant reduction in sleep stage N3, REM sleep, and sleep efficiency. Regarding CAP analysis, when compared to controls, the drug‐resistant group had an increased A1% and a decreased A2%, with a decrease of A1 index in N3 and a global decrease of A2 and A3 indexes. The lesional subgroup showed a slight increase of A1% with a decrease of A1 index in N3 and a global decrease of A2 and A3 indexes. Drug‐resistant epilepsy, compared to benign epilepsy showed an increase of CAP rate in N2 and of A1 index in N1 and N2 but not in N3; A2 and A3 indexes were similar in both, but patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy showed a significant reduction of A3 index in N1.Significance:  Our findings suggest that the presence of structural cerebral abnormalities may play an important role in disrupting sleep architecture.
EF‐1α and Mitochondrial ATP Synthase β Chain: Alteration of their Expression in Encystment‐Induced Colpoda cucullus
Authors: Sogame Yoichiro , Kojima Katsuhiko , Takeshita Toshikazu , Kinoshita Eiji , Matsuoka Tatsuomi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the total proteins contained in encystment‐induced Colpoda cucullus showed that a 50‐kDa protein (p50) disappeared, whereas the expression of a 49‐kDa protein (p49) was enhanced in early phase of morphogenetic transformation into the resting cyst (i.e. 2–5 h after the onset of encystment induction). Puromycin or actinomycin D inhibited the alteration in the expression of p50 and p49 by the induction of encystment. These results suggest that the encystment‐specific alteration in expression of these proteins is performed by a transcriptional regulation. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that p50 is mitochondrial ATP synthase β chains, and that p49 is elongation factor 1α.
Change in sinus membrane dimension following sinus floor elevation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Anduze‐Acher Guillaume , Brochery Benoit , Felizardo Rufino , Valentini Pascal , Katsahian Sandrine , Bouchard Philippe 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate: (1) the effect of the lateral window technique for maxillary sinus augmentation on sinus membrane thickness, and (2) to identify factors associated with the mean postoperative surgical space.Material and methodsThis retrospective cohort study included 37 sinuses corresponding to 37 consecutive patients referred for maxillary sinus augmentation procedures aiming to increase with deproteinized bovine bone the surgical space for dental implant placement in the posterior maxilla. A total of 74 preoperative and postoperative computed tomography were analyzed with regard to the thickness of the sinus membrane. A linear regression model was used to explain the difference between the mean preoperative and postoperative surgical spaceResultsNo significant change in the membrane thickness was shown between pre and postoperative CT scans. The mean height of the graft was 12 mm (P < 0.001), resulting in a significant augmentation of the surgical space (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis performed to identify variables associated with the postoperative surgical space shows that current smoking significantly reduces the chance to achieve the mean value of the surgical space normally expected in this type of surgical procedure (P = 0.02). No significant effect of complications, history of periodontal disease or ENT was found.ConclusionOur findings suggest that: (1) sinus floor augmentation via a lateral approach with deproteinized bovine bone alone has no impact on the natural sinus physiology; and (2) that the mean postoperative surgical space may be affected by smoking.
In Vivo Barrier Challenge and Initial Recovery in Human Facial Skin
Authors: Gorcea Mihaela , Hadgraft Jonathan , Moore David J. , Lane Majella E. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundMany in vivo biophysical studies focus on parts of the body which are generally less exposed to the environment compared with facial skin. This study characterizes in vivo changes in the barrier function of cheek stratum corneum (SC) during controlled conditions of damage.ObjectivesThe objective was to investigate structural and compositional changes in cheek SC in vivo using tape stripping and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy.MethodsIn vivo ATR‐FTIR spectra of the cheek were collected before and after tape stripping. Trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements from the same site were conducted before and after stripping. Data were also collected 24 h after the last tape strip to investigate any initial recovery process.ResultsSequential tape stripping of the cheek progressively increases TEWL to twice baseline values but some barrier recovery is evident 24 h later. ATR‐FTIR spectra show increasing water content within the SC with each tape strip with concomitant increase in lipid conformational order.ConclusionsSeveral structural and compositional parameters have been analyzed for cheek SC and these have been correlated with barrier function. The depth dependent changes in face SC map those in body skin but over a much shorter distance.
Dynamics of Rab7b‐Dependent Transport of Sorting Receptors
Authors: Progida Cinzia , Nielsen Morten S. , Koster Gerbrand , Bucci Cecilia , Bakke Oddmund 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe small GTPase Rab7b localizes to late endosomes–lysosomes and to the Golgi, regulating the transport between these two intracellular compartments. We have recently demonstrated that depletion of Rab7b causes missorting of the cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor (CI‐MPR), suggesting that Rab7b may control the trafficking of this receptor. Here we further investigated the function of this small GTPase with special attention to its role in the trafficking of sorting receptors and dynamics in living cells. Using endosome‐to‐Golgi retrieval assays we show that Rab7b is involved not only in CI‐MPR transport but also in the MPRs independent pathway. Indeed, we find that it regulates and interacts with sortilin, a mannose 6‐phosphate‐independent sorting receptor. CI‐MPR and sortilin are sorted from the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) in tubular structures and the expression of Rab7b mutants or its silencing reduces CI‐MPR and sortilin tubulation. In addition, the constitutively active mutant Rab7b Q67L impairs the formation of carriers from TGN. Collectively, our observations show for the first time that Rab7b is required for transport from endosomes to the TGN, not only of the CI‐MPR, but also of sortilin, and that alterations in this transport result in impaired carrier formation from TGN.