bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐precision view of intercompartmental drug transport via simultaneous, seconds‐resolved, in situ measurements in the vein and brain
Authors: Gerson Julian , Erdal Murat Kaan , Dauphin‐Ducharme Philippe , Idili Andrea , Hespanha Joao P. , Plaxco Kevin W. , Kippin Tod E. 
Published: June 2024

Background and PurposeThe ability to measure specific molecules at multiple sites within the body simultaneously, and with a time resolution of seconds, could greatly advance our understanding of drug transport and elimination.Experimental ApproachAs a proof‐of‐principle demonstration, here we describe the use of electrochemical aptamer‐based (EAB) sensors to measure transport of the antibiotic vancomycin from the plasma (measured in the jugular vein) to the cerebrospinal fluid (measured in the lateral ventricle) of live rats with temporal resolution of a few seconds.Key ResultsIn our first efforts, we made measurements solely in the ventricle. Doing so we find that, although the collection of hundreds of concentration values over a single drug lifetime enables high‐precision estimates of the parameters describing intracranial transport, due to a mathematical equivalence, the data produce two divergent descriptions of the drug's plasma pharmacokinetics that fit the in‐brain observations equally well. The simultaneous collection of intravenous measurements, however, resolves this ambiguity, enabling high‐precision (typically of ±5 to ±20% at 95% confidence levels) estimates of the key pharmacokinetic parameters describing transport from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid in individual animals.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe availability of simultaneous, high‐density ‘in‐vein’ (plasma) and ‘in‐brain’ (cerebrospinal fluid) measurements provides unique opportunities to explore the assumptions almost universally employed in earlier compartmental models of drug transport, allowing the quantitative assessment of, for example, the pharmacokinetic effects of physiological processes such as the bulk transport of the drug out of the CNS via the dural venous sinuses.
Development of phenyl‐urea‐based small molecules that target penicillin‐binding protein 4
Authors: Gondil Vijay S. , Butman Hailey S. , Young Mikaeel , Walsh Danica J. , Narkhede Yogesh , Zeiler Michael J. , Crow Andrew H. , Carpenter Morgan E. , Mardikar Aashay , Melander Roberta J. , Wiest Olaf , Dunman Paul M. , Melander Christian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus has the ability to invade cortical bone osteocyte lacuno‐canalicular networks (OLCNs) and cause osteomyelitis. It was recently established that the cell wall transpeptidase, penicillin‐binding protein 4 (PBP4), is crucial for this function, with pbp4 deletion strains unable to invade OLCNs and cause bone pathogenesis in a murine model of S. aureus osteomyelitis. Moreover, PBP4 has recently been found to modulate S. aureus resistance to β‐lactam antibiotics. As such, small molecule inhibitors of S. aureus PBP4 may represent dual functional antimicrobial agents that limit osteomyelitis and/or reverse antibiotic resistance. A high throughput screen recently revealed that the phenyl‐urea 1 targets PBP4. Herein, we describe a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study on 1. Leveraging in silico docking and modeling, a set of analogs was synthesized and assessed for PBP4 inhibitory activities. Results revealed a preliminary SAR and identified lead compounds with enhanced binding to PBP4, more potent antibiotic resistance reversal, and diminished PBP4 cell wall transpeptidase activity in comparison to 1.
Who let the dog out? Dog owner attitudes and economics regulate the potential negative impact of domestic dogs on wildlife in a reserve network
Authors: Weng Yue , McShea William Joseph , Yang Hongbo , Zhang Zhuojin , Lin Weiming , Wang Fang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany domestic animals have a profound impact on endangered species through complex interactions and spillover effects in and between coupled human and natural systems. A thorough understanding of the driving forces of human decisions regarding how domestic animals are kept is therefore critical to promote the synergy of human livelihood and biodiversity conservation. Working in the Qinling Mountains of China, we conducted a multidisciplinary study using a structural equation model (SEM) to link households' demographic and economic conditions, peoples attitudes and activities with their decisions, and further investigated how such process influences the potential negative impact of free‐ranging dogs on wildlife. Among 139 blood and saliva samples collected from dogs that were owned by local villagers but allowed to roam freely, 33.3% were positive for at least one of three viral infections, including canine distemper (28.2%), canine parvovirus (25.6%), and rabies virus prevalence (10.3%). SEM modeling revealed that human activity (β = 0.27, p = .012) has significantly increased dogs' potential negative impacts on wildlife by increasing the number of dogs and their direct contact with wildlife, as well as their larger movement range. Conversely, improvement in demographic and economic conditions (β = −0.22, p = .011) and human attitudes (β = −0.51, p = .013) suppresses the influence of free roaming dogs on wildlife. Meanwhile, livelihoods dependent on natural resources increased the likelihood of owners having dog practice that may negatively impact wildlife (β = 0.54, p < .001), without improving the economic conditions of the residents (β = −0.26, p < .001). Based on the above results, we recommend a program that combines educational and conservation efforts to encourages local residents in more responsible dog ownership and recommend reserve managers provide financial incentives to mitigate human‐wildlife conflicts.
Ulcerated CRTC1::TRIM11 cutaneous tumor with metastases
Authors: Tseng Calvin , Hein Erica C. Koch , Smith Stephen M. , King Ian , Saibil Sam , Saeed Kamil Zaid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCRTC1::TRIM11 cutaneous tumor (CTCT) is a rare skin tumor of uncertain differentiation. In the 49 reported cases, only four cases showed regional or distant metastasis, but follow‐up remains limited. Herein, we present a case of metastatic CTCT with ulceration, a histological feature that has not been previously described. A 75‐year‐old male with a 2‐month history of toe ulceration underwent a shave biopsy, which showed a dermal nodular neoplasm that was immunoreactive for SOX10 and S100, negative for Melan‐A, and was initially diagnosed as melanoma. Upon pathology review at our institution, the tumor was composed of intersecting fascicles and nests of epithelioid and spindle cells. Additional immunohistochemistry revealed immunoreactivity of the tumor for MiTF and NTRK and negativity for HMB‐45 and PRAME. Next‐generation sequencing identified CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion, leading to a revised diagnosis of CTCT. The patient proceeded to a toe amputation and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy 5 months after the shave biopsy. The amputation showed residual CTCT and a focus on lymphovascular invasion. The SLN revealed multifocal subcapsular metastases. The patient was started on adjuvant nivolumab and showed biopsy‐proven recurrence in the right inguinal lymph nodes and imaging findings suspicious for pulmonary metastases 8 months after the excision. In summary, we present a case of CTCT with ulceration and lymphovascular invasion. We also provide additional evidence that a subset of CTCT behaves aggressively. The optimal surgical and medical treatments are unknown.
Cutaneous metastases: From epidemiology to therapy
Authors: Gschnell Martin , Volberg Christian , Hauser Christina , Krönig Lisa 
Published: June 2024

SummaryCutaneous metastases are seen in up to 10% of all oncology patients and can occur in different locations depending on the entity. Cutaneous metastases are often associated with a high psychological burden and, especially in the case of exulceration, with shame and social withdrawal. This review discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic options. The most common tumor entities in which cutaneous metastases are observed are discussed, and local and systemic treatment options are presented according to the current state of research.
Long daytime napping: A silent danger for hypertensive individuals
Authors: Wu Jinhong , Liu Lishun , Huang Zena , Wang Li , Cai Fengjiao , Li Aimin , Sun Yong , Wang Binyan , Li Jianping , Huo Yong , Lu Yan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeHypertension significantly contributes to stroke. Previous research has indicated a connection between daytime napping and stroke. Research on the connection between daytime napping duration and first stroke in hypertensive individuals is lacking nevertheless.MethodsThis research, which ran from 24 August 2013 to 31 December 2022, recruited 11,252 individuals with hypertension and without a history of stroke from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. To determine the relationship between daytime napping duration and stroke onset in hypertensive individuals, we conducted analyses for threshold effects, multivariate‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves.ResultsThe duration of daytime napping (<75 min) was positively correlated with stroke risk; beyond 75 min, the risk did not increase further. When compared to hypertensive individuals who napped for 1–30 min, daytime napping 31–60 min (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.53) and >60 min (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.14–1.65) were substantially related with a greater risk of first stroke. Additionally, this correlation was absent in cases of hemorrhagic stroke, but present in cases of ischemic stroke, specifically for hypertensive individuals who napped for 31–60 min or >60 min (p < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival curves displayed that hypertensive individuals who extended daytime napping had an elevated incidence of stroke.ConclusionsHypertensive individuals who take longer daytime naps (>30 min) are at an elevated risk of stroke onset, particularly ischemic stroke, irrespective of other factors.
Burying in lake sediments: A potential tactic used by female northern map turtles to avoid male harassment
Authors: Bulté Grégory , Robichaud Jessica A. , Cooke Steven J. , MacMillan Heath A. , Blouin‐Demers Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow often males and females need to mate to maximize their fitness is a source of sexual conflict in animals. Sexual conflict over mating frequency can lead to antagonistic coevolution in which males employ tactics to coerce females into mating, while females resist or evade mating attempts by males. Here, we report on a novel burying behavior observed in female northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica) in Opinicon Lake, Ontario, Canada that appears to function as a tactic to avoid male detection during the mating season. Underwater videos indicated that females are heavily solicited during the mating season with over half the females being actively pursued by males. Biologgers indicated that females are less active and remain deeper than males during the mating season. Our data strongly suggest that female northern map turtles avoid intense solicitation and potential harassment by males by burying themselves in lake sediments. This behavior appears to be a low‐cost solution for females to reduce the costs of resistance and mating while they are constrained to habitats with high male densities for overwintering.
Comparative transcriptome and methylome of polar bears, giant and red pandas reveal diet‐driven adaptive evolution
Authors: Chen Lei , Ma Jinnan , Xu Wencai , Shen Fujun , Yang Zhisong , Sonne Christian , Dietz Rune , Li Linzhu , Jie Xiaodie , Li Lu , Yan Guoqiang , Zhang Xiuyue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEpigenetic regulation plays an important role in the evolution of species adaptations, yet little information is available on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the adaptive evolution of bamboo‐eating in both giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red pandas (Ailurus fulgens). To investigate the potential contribution of epigenetic to the adaptive evolution of bamboo‐eating in giant and red pandas, we performed hepatic comparative transcriptome and methylome analyses between bamboo‐eating pandas and carnivorous polar bears (Ursus maritimus). We found that genes involved in carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and protein metabolism showed significant differences in methylation and expression levels between the two panda species and polar bears. Clustering analysis of gene expression revealed that giant pandas did not form a sister group with the more closely related polar bears, suggesting that the expression pattern of genes in livers of giant pandas and red pandas have evolved convergently driven by their similar diets. Compared to polar bears, some key genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and biological oxidation and cholesterol synthesis showed hypomethylation and higher expression in giant and red pandas, while genes involved in fat digestion and absorption, fatty acid metabolism, lysine degradation, resistance to lipid peroxidation and detoxification showed hypermethylation and low expression. Our study elucidates the special nutrient utilization mechanism of giant pandas and red pandas and provides some insights into the molecular mechanism of their adaptive evolution of bamboo feeding. This has important implications for the breeding and conservation of giant pandas and red pandas.
Pharmacological treatment for mental health illnesses in adults receiving dialysis: A scoping review
Authors: Wichart Jenny , Yoeun Peter , Chin Tracy , Evernden Christopher , Berendonk Charlotte , Kerr Jodi , Birchall Alexandra , Boschee Belinda , Defoe Kimberly , Dhaliwal Jasleen , KarisAllen Tasia , Kennedy Megan , McDonald Alexis , Mierzejewski Monika K. , Schick‐Makaroff Kara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPharmacologic management of mental health illnesses in patients receiving dialysis is complex and lacking data.ObjectiveOur objective was to synthesize published data for the treatment of depression, bipolar and related disorders, schizophrenia or psychotic disorders, and anxiety disorders in adults receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.MethodsWe undertook a scoping review, searching the following databases: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data on patients who received only short‐term dialysis, a kidney transplant, or non‐pharmacologic treatments were excluded.ResultsSeventy‐three articles were included: 41 focused on depression, 16 on bipolar disorder, 13 on schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, 1 on anxiety disorders, and 2 addressing multiple mental health illnesses. The majority of depression studies reported on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as a treatment. Sertraline had the most supporting data with use of doses from 25 to 200 mg daily. Among the remaining SSRIs, escitalopram, citalopram, and fluoxetine were studied in controlled trials, whereas paroxetine and fluvoxamine were described in smaller reports and observational trials. There are limited published data on other classes of antidepressants and on pharmacological management of anxiety. Data on treatment for patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia and related disorders are limited to case reports.ConclusionOver half of the studies included were case reports, thus limiting conclusions. More robust data are required to establish effect sizes of pharmacological treatments prior to providing specific recommendations for their use in treating mental health illnesses in patients receiving dialysis.
Maize grown for bioenergy on peat emits twice as much carbon as when grown on mineral soil
Authors: Lloyd I. L. , Morrison R. , Grayson R. P. , Cumming A. M. J. , D'Acunha B. , Galdos M. V. , Evans C. D. , Chapman P. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe area of land dedicated to growing maize for bioenergy in the United Kingdom is rapidly expanding. To understand how maize production influences soil carbon (C) dynamics, and whether this is influenced by soil type, we measured net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using the eddy covariance technique over the 2021 growing season. We combined the NEE data with C imports and exports to calculate the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of two maize crops grown for bioenergy in the United Kingdom, one site on mineral soil and the other on lowland agricultural peat. Maize was similarly productive at both sites—gross primary productivity was 1107 g C m−2 at the site with mineral soil and 1407 g C m−2 at the peat site. However, total ecosystem respiration was considerably higher from the peat site (1198 g C m−2) compared with the mineral soil site (678 g C m−2). After accounting for the removal of C in harvested biomass, both sites were net C sources, but C losses were over two times greater from the peat site (NEP = 290 g C m−2) than the mineral site (NEP = 136 g C m−2). While annual crops may be needed to produce bioenergy in the short term, growing maize for bioenergy in the United Kingdom does not appear to be a viable option for C sequestration over the long term, as it leads to high carbon losses from agroecosystems, especially those on organic soils. Instead, growing perennial bioenergy crops on mineral soils with a low organic C content is a more appropriate option.
Linking regional species pool size to dispersal–selection relationships in soil fungal communities across terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Chen Beibei , Pan Haibo , Song Xiaofeng , Yao Yajun , Qi Jiejun , Bai Xiaoli , Peng Ziheng , Liu Yu , Chen Shi , Gao Hang , Liang Chunling , Liu Jiai , Gao Jiamin , Wei Gehong , Jiao Shuo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimRevealing the role of regional species pool size in community assembly rules is essential for extending the species‐pool framework to large‐scale community ecology, and thus for more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity formation. However, little has been done to couple the regional species‐pool effect into local ecological processes in soil fungal communities, which play essential roles in ecosystems worldwide. Here, we performed large‐scale soil surveys of fungal communities to examine the linkage between regional species pool size and Dispersal–Selection Relationships (DSRs), and their relations to community structure.LocationChina.Time periodJuly–August 2019.Major taxa studiedFungal communities.MethodsBy conducting the nationwide soil survey of ~1200 samples from various ecosystems across China, including agricultural, forest, grassland, and wetland soils, we examined the linkage between regional species pool size and DSRs, and their relationship to fungal community structure.ResultsWe found that selection was negatively related to dispersal, which was consistent with the general view that the strength of selection is weakened by dispersal homogenization, and that this relationship was stronger in regions with larger species pools. Moreover, an increase in community dispersion was correlated with stronger effect size of DSRs, implying greater heterogeneity among fungal communities under larger species pools.Main conclusionsOur study clearly illustrates the association of regional species pool size with local assembly rules and community formation of soil fungi across terrestrial ecosystems.
Will the Stars Sing on the Last Day? Cosmology and Eschatology†
Authors: Root Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChanges in the scientific picture of the origin and destiny of the physical universe present particular challenges to Christian eschatology. Both the great expansion of our picture of the size and age of the universe and the recent perception of an inexorable progression of the universe toward heat death in the far future alter the secular understanding of the universe with which Christian theology engages. In this essay, these challenges are considered in relation to how the theologian is to understand the eschatological role of physical objects far removed from interaction with humanity, for example, distant stars. Anthropocentric understandings of their role become implausible in light of recent changes in cosmology. This essay explores the traditional doctrine of bodily resurrection as a potential key to understanding the eschatological significance of stars. The insistence that the risen body is both radically transformed and yet numerically identical with the present body provides some parameters for understanding the nature of an eschatologically transformed universe and how its flourishing might be a witness to the glory of God.
Creative Pedagogies: School Without Walls and Forest of Imagination
Authors: Hay Penny 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper responds directly to the question, how do we communicate our philosophy of art education? It does this by drawing upon previous research with House of Imagination, School Without Walls and doctoral research exploring children's learning identity as artists, to illuminate a philosophical approach to art education and its pedagogy that highlights both human and more‐than‐human dimensions of learning in communities of practice involving artists, researchers and educators working alongside children and young people where spaces of possibility for practice and innovation emerge. The paper focuses particularly on current and creative research in the Forest of Imagination, a long‐term participatory contemporary arts and architecture event in Bath, UK. Forest of Imagination offers an alternative, creative approach to learning, focusing on ecological imagination and nature connection. As a new aesthetic imaginary, the Forest of Imagination is a living, breathing art classroom, inspiring curiosity, imagination and a deeper connection with the natural world.