bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politics, Friendship, and Fools
Authors: Reznick Scott M 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe chapter explores how Hawthorne’s novel of social reform, The Blithedale Romance (1852), addresses the dilemma at the heart of political liberalism—how a stable and just society is possible given the divergent worldviews individuals will inevitably hold—by examining the dynamics of friendship. It places Hawthorne’s novel in conversation with Aristotle, Edmund Burke, and Ralph Waldo Emerson to show how its protagonist, Miles Coverdale, turns to his “little platoon”—Hollingsworth, Zenobia, and Priscilla—to make sense of the clashing perspectives rending the Blithedale community and the forms of belonging and connection that undergird broader political life. In doing so, Hawthorne—like Douglass and Stowe—emphasizes the importance of individuality and imagination for navigating the relationship between self and other, mind and world.
Barriers and motivators to undertaking physical activity in adults over 70—a systematic review of the quantitative literature
Authors: Kilgour Alixe H M , Rutherford Matthew , Higson Joanna , Meredith Samantha J , McNiff Jessica , Mitchell Stephanie , Wijayendran Anusan , Lim Stephen E R , Shenkin Susan D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Physical activity (PA) has multiple benefits for older adults (≥70 years old). Despite this many older adults do not undertake the World Health Organisation guideline recommended amount of PA. This systematic review examines barriers and motivators to PA in adults aged ≥70 years.

Methods
We analysed the quantitative literature, including observational studies and baseline data from randomised controlled trials. Studies examining specific diseases (e.g. cognitive impairment), or care home residents were excluded. Database searches of ASSIA, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science were undertaken on 7 March 2023. Quality assessment was performed using the ROBANS tool. We synthesised the results using the socioecological model. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021160503).

Results
We identified 37 papers, n = 26,961, age 70–101 years (median 78), 62% female. We undertook a narrative review; meta-analysis was not possible. Overall risk of bias was low. A total of 23 studies addressed barriers, seven motivators, seven both. The most cited barriers were: concern about physical health/fitness (14 studies), lack of motivation/interest (13 studies), fear of falls/history of falling (11 studies) and environmental barriers (10 studies). Key motivators were: support from family/friends (five studies), social interaction (five studies), personal benefits (five studies) and outside facilities (five studies). Results varied across gender, age, functional ability and geographical location.

Discussion
To maximise PA in older adults, important modifiable factors identified in this review should be targeted: support from healthcare professionals; reducing fear of falls; and prioritising ease of access and safety of outdoor facilities. When considering future policy, a person-centred, age group appropriate approach will have the most impact.
Perfusion quality odds (PEQUOD) trial: validation of the multifactorial dynamic perfusion index as a predictor of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Ranucci Marco , Baryshnikova Ekaterina , Anguissola Martina , Mazzotta Vittoria , Scirea Chiara , Cotza Mauro , Ditta Antonio , de Vincentiis Carlo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index was recently introduced as a predictor of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index was developed based on retrospective data retrieved from the patient files. The present study aims to prospectively validate this index in an external series of patients, through an on-line measure of its various components.

METHODS
Inclusion criteria were adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Data collection included preoperative factors and cardiopulmonary bypass-related factors. These were collected on-line using a dedicated monitor. Factors composing the multifactorial dynamic perfusion index are the nadir haematocrit, the nadir oxygen delivery, the time of exposure to a low oxygen delivery, the nadir mean arterial pressure, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, the use of red blood cell transfusions and the peak arterial lactates.

RESULTS
Two hundred adult patients were investigated. The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index had a good (c-statistics 0.81) discrimination for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (any stage) and an excellent (c-statistics 0.93) discrimination for severe patterns (stage 2–3). Calibration was modest for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (any stage) and good for stage 2–3. The use of vasoconstrictors was an additional factor associated with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury.

CONCLUSIONS
The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index is validated for discrimination of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury risk. It incorporates modifiable risk factors, and may help in reducing the occurrence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury.
Long-term incidence of arrhythmias in extracardiac conduit Fontan and comparison between systemic left and right ventricle
Authors: Di Mambro Corrado , Yammine Marie Laure , Tamborrino Pietro Paolo , Giordano Ugo , Righi Daniela , Unolt Marta , Cantarutti Nicoletta , Maiolo Stella , Albanese Sonia , Carotti Adriano , Amodeo Antonio , Galletti Lorenzo , Drago Fabrizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
The extracardiac conduit-Fontan (ECC) has become the preferred technique for univentricular heart palliation, but there are currently no data on the incidence of long-term arrhythmias. This study investigated the incidence of arrhythmias and relation to single ventricle morphology in the long-term follow-up (FU) in ECC.

Methods and results
All patients with ECC performed in our Centre between 1987 and 2017 were included (minimum FU 5 years). Of 353 consecutive patients, 303 [57.8% males, aging 8–50 (median 20) years at last FU] were considered and divided into two groups depending on left (194 in Group 1) or right (109 in Group 2) ventricular morphology. Eighty-five (28%) experienced ≥1 arrhythmic complications, with early and late arrhythmias in 17 (5.6%) and 73 (24.1%) patients, respectively. Notably, late bradyarrhythmias occurred after 6 years in 21 (11%) patients in Group 1, and in 15 (13.8%) in Group 2 [P = 0.48]. Late tachyarrhythmias occurred in 55 (18.2%) patients after 12 years: 33 (17%) in Group 1 and 22 (20.2%) patients in Group 2 [P = 0.5]. Ventricular tachycardias (VT) were documented after 12.5 years in 14 (7.2%) patients of Group 1 and 15 (13.8%) of Group 2 [P = 0.06] with a higher incidence in Group 2 during the FU [P = 0.005].

Conclusion
Extracardiac conduit is related to a significant arrhythmic risk in the long-term FU, higher than previously reported. Bradyarrhythmias occur earlier but are less frequent than tachyarrhythmias. Interestingly, patients with systemic right ventricle have a significantly higher incidence of VT, especially in a very long FU.
Melipona stingless bees and honey microbiota reveal the diversity, composition, and modes of symbionts transmission
Authors: Cerqueira Alan Emanuel Silva , Lima Helena Santiago , Silva Lívia Carneiro Fidélis , Veloso Tomás Gomes Reis , de Paula Sérgio Oliveira , Santana Weyder Cristiano , da Silva Cynthia Canêdo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Melipona gut microbiota differs from other social bees, being characterized by the absence of crucial corbiculate core gut symbionts and a high occurrence of environmental strains. We studied the microbial diversity and composition of three Melipona species and their honey to understand which strains are obtained by horizontal transmission (HT) from the pollination environment, represent symbionts with HT from the hive/food stores or social transmission (ST) between nestmates. Bees harbored higher microbial alpha diversity and a different and more species-specific bacterial composition than honey. The fungal communities of bee and honey samples are also different but less dissimilar. As expected, the eusocial corbiculate core symbionts Snodgrassella and Gilliamella were absent in bees that had a prevalence of Lactobacillaceae - including Lactobacillus (formerly known as Firm-5), Bifidobacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae, and Streptococcaceae - mainly strains close to Floricoccus, a putative novel symbiont acquired from flowers. They might have co-evolved with these bees via ST, and along with environmental Lactobacillaceae and Pectinatus (Veillonellaceae) strains obtained by HT, and Metschnikowia and Saccharomycetales yeasts acquired by HT from honey or the pollination environment, including plants/flowers, possibly compose the Melipona core microbiota. This work contributes to the understanding of Melipona symbionts and their modes of transmission.
Assessment of the in situ biomethanation potential of a deep aquifer used for natural gas storage
Authors: Ranchou-Peyruse Magali , Guignard Marion , Chiquet Pierre , Caumette Guilhem , Cézac Pierre , Ranchou-Peyruse Anthony 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The dihydrogen (H2) sector is undergoing development and will require massive storage solutions. To minimize costs, the conversion of underground geological storage sites, such as deep aquifers, used for natural gas storage into future underground hydrogen storage sites is the favored scenario. However, these sites contain microorganisms capable of consuming H2, mainly sulfate reducers and methanogens. Methanogenesis is, therefore expected but its intensity must be evaluated. Here, in a deep aquifer used for underground geological storage, 17 sites were sampled, with low sulfate concentrations ranging from 21.9 to 197.8 µM and a slow renewal of formation water. H2-selected communities mainly were composed of the families Methanobacteriaceae and Methanothermobacteriaceae and the genera Desulfovibrio, Thermodesulfovibrio, and Desulforamulus. Experiments were done under different conditions, and sulfate reduction, as well as methanogenesis, were demonstrated in the presence of a H2 or H2/CO2 (80/20) gas phase, with or without calcite/site rock. These metabolisms led to an increase in pH up to 10.2 under certain conditions (without CO2). The results suggest competition for CO2 between lithoautotrophs and carbonate mineral precipitation, which could limit microbial H2 consumption.
Terraced slope metasurface in granular media
Authors: Aravantinos-Zafiris N , Chondrogiannis K A , Thomsen H R , Dertimanis V K , Colombi A , Sigalas M M , Chatzi E 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
In this work, the propagation and attenuation of vertically polarized surface waves when interacting with terraced slopes is studied experimentally and numerically. To validate the devised simulation, a laboratory-scale physical model is tested in order to examine the attenuation properties of this well-known artificial landform. The experiment involves formation of a terraced slope, in a laboratory setup, via use of an unconsolidated granular medium made of silica microbeads. This granular medium exhibits a gravity-induced power-law stiffness profile, resulting in a depth-dependent velocity profile. A piezoelectric actuator was used to excite vertically polarized surface acoustic modes localized near the surface of the medium. The three components of the particle velocity field of these modes were measured by means of a 3-D laser Doppler vibrometer. In accordance with the terraced slope, a simple inclined plane was further tested to investigate and highlight the differences in terms of wave propagation along these two different ground formations. The results of this research provide significant experimental evidence that the terraced slopes form mechanisms which attenuate low-frequency surface waves, thus acting as metasurfaces. This work suggests the use of laboratory-scale physical models to investigate the wave propagation in different landforms, which extend beyond typical horizontal ground morphologies, and which could be linked to atypical wave propagation properties, possibly even influencing propagation of seismic waves.
Extremal Numbers and Sidorenko’s Conjecture
Authors: Conlon David , Lee Joonkyung , Sidorenko Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sidorenko’s conjecture states that, for all bipartite graphs $H$, quasirandom graphs contain asymptotically the minimum number of copies of $H$ taken over all graphs with the same order and edge density. While still open for graphs, the analogous statement is known to be false for hypergraphs. We show that there is some advantage in this, in that if Sidorenko’s conjecture does not hold for a particular $r$-partite $r$-uniform hypergraph $H$, then it is possible to improve the standard lower bound, coming from the probabilistic deletion method, for its extremal number $\textrm{ex}(n,H)$, the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex $H$-free $r$-uniform hypergraph. With this application in mind, we find a range of new counterexamples to the conjecture for hypergraphs, including all linear hypergraphs containing a loose triangle and all $3$-partite $3$-uniform tight cycles.
Burst-induced spin variations in the accreting magnetic white dwarf PBC J0801.2–4625
Authors: Irving Z A , Altamirano D , Scaringi S , Veresvarska M , Knigge C , Castro Segura N , De Martino D , Iłkiewicz K 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
PBC J0801.2–4625 is an intermediate polar with a primary spin frequency of 66.08 d−1 and an unknown orbital period. The long-term All Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) light curve of this system reveals four bursts, all of which have similar peak amplitudes (∼2 mag) and durations (∼2 d). In this work, we primarily study the timing properties of this system’s 2019 February burst, which was simultaneously observed by both ASAS-SN and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Pre-burst, a frequency of 4.064 ± 0.002 d−1(5.906 ± 0.003 h period), likely attributed to the binary orbit, is identified in addition to previous measurements for the white dwarf’s spin. During the burst, however, we find a spin frequency of 68.35 ± 0.28 d−1. Post-burst, the spin returns to its pre-brust value but with a factor 1.82 ± 0.05 larger amplitude. The burst profile is double-peaked, and we estimate its energy to be 3.3 × 1039 erg. We conclude that the burst appears most consistent with thermonuclear runaway (i.e. a 'micronova'), and suggest that the spin variations may be an analogue to burst oscillations (i.e. 'micronova oscillations'). However, we also note that the above findings could be explained by a dwarf nova outburst. With the available data, we are unable to distinguish between these two scenarios.
ExoMol line lists – LVIII. High-temperature molecular line list of carbonyl sulphide (OCS)
Authors: Owens Alec , Yurchenko Sergei N , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
A new molecular line list covering wavelengths λ &gt; 1 μm (the 0–10 000 cm−1 range) for the main isotopologue of carbonyl sulphide 16O12C32S is presented. The OCS line list, named OYT8, contains almost 2.5 billion transitions between 2.4 million rotation-vibration energy levels with the total angular momentum up to J = 223. It is suitable for high-temperature environments up to T = 2000 K. Line list calculations were performed with the variational nuclear motion code trove in conjunction with a highly accurate, empirically refined potential energy surface and a newly computed ab initio dipole moment surface of OCS. The OYT8 line list is adapted for high-resolution applications by replacing computed energy levels with empirically derived values of OCS where available. Comparisons of the OYT8 line list with other OCS line lists and spectra yields excellent agreement for both strong and weak spectroscopic bands. The increased coverage of the OYT8 line list and the many new spectral features that are available will greatly facilitate the future observation of OCS on exoplanets. Carbonyl sulphide joins a growing number of sulphur-bearing molecules available from the ExoMol database. The OYT8 line list along with the associated temperature- and pressure-dependent molecular opacities can be downloaded from www.exomol.com and the CDS astronomical database.
Climate change, strict Pareto improvements in welfare and multilateral financial transfers
Authors: Kotsogiannis Christos , Woodland Alan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Climate change discussions and negotiations have emphasized the need for developing countries to take the lead by undertaking economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets but also the obligation of developed countries to provide financial resources to assist them in their mitigation efforts. This article explores the role of such financial resources in achieving strict welfare gains for all countries (strict Pareto improvements) when emission targets, due to inefficient carbon pricing, deviate from the global welfare optimum and there are impediments to international trade. It is shown that such transfers exist if and only if a Generalized Hatta Normality Emissions Condition is violated. Numerical examples illustrate the financial transfer mechanism.
Celine, a long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposon, colonizes in the centromeres of poplar chromosomes
Authors: Xin Haoyang , Wang Yiduo , Zhang Wenli , Bao Yu , Neumann Pavel , Ning Yihang , Zhang Tao , Wu Yufeng , Jiang Ning , Jiang Jiming , Xi Mengli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Centromeres in most multicellular eukaryotes are composed of long arrays of repetitive DNA sequences. Interestingly, several transposable elements, including the well-known long terminal repeat centromeric retrotransposon of maize (CRM), were found to be enriched in functional centromeres marked by the centromeric histone H3 (CENH3). Here, we report a centromeric long interspersed nuclear element (LINE), Celine, in Populus species. Celine has colonized preferentially in the CENH3-associated chromatin of every poplar chromosome, with 84% of the Celine elements localized in the CENH3-binding domains. In contrast, only 51% of the CRM elements were bound to CENH3 domains in Populus trichocarpa. These results suggest different centromere targeting mechanisms employed by Celine and CRM elements. Nevertheless, the high target specificity seems to be detrimental to further amplification of the Celine elements, leading to a shorter life span and patchy distribution among plant species compared with the CRM elements. Using a phylogenetically guided approach, we were able to identify Celine-like LINE elements in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and green ash tree (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). The centromeric localization of these Celine-like LINEs was confirmed in both species. We demonstrate that the centromere targeting property of Celine-like LINEs is of primitive origin and has been conserved among distantly related plant species.
Comparison of tibial nerve pulsed radiofrequency and intralesional radiofrequency thermocoagulation in the treatment of painful calcaneal spur and plantar fasciitis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yildiz Gokhan , Perdecioglu Gevher Rabia Genc , Yuruk Damla , Can Ezgi , Akkaya Omer Taylan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Ultrasound-guided tibial nerve pulsed radiofrequency (US-guided TN PRF) and fluoroscopy-guided intralesional radiofrequency thermocoagulation (FL-guided intralesional RFT) adjacent to the painful calcaneal spur are two interventions for pain management in painful calcaneal spur and plantar fasciitis. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the two procedures.

Design
A prospective, randomized, single-blind study.

Setting
Single-center pain clinic.

Subjects
Forty-nine patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups.

Methods
Group U (25 patients) received US-guided TN PRF at 42°C for 240 s, whereas Group F (24 patients) received FL-guided intralesional RFT at 80°C for 90 s. The most severe numeric rating scale (NRS) score during the first morning steps and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedures. The study’s primary outcome assessed treatment effectiveness via the NRS, whereas the secondary outcomes included changes in the AOFAS score and the incidence of procedure-related mild adverse events.

Results
NRS and AOFAS scores significantly improved in Groups U and F at 1 and 3 months compared with baseline (P &lt; .05), and there was no significant difference between the groups. At month 1, 50% or greater pain relief was achieved in 72% of patients in Group U and 75% of patients in Group F. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of mild adverse events between the groups.

Conclusions
US-guided TN PRF and FL-guided intralesional RFT have shown significant effectiveness in the treatment of painful calcaneal spur and plantar fasciitis. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed.

Clinical Trial Number
NCT06240507.
Diverse physiological roles of the MqsR/MqsA toxin/antitoxin system
Authors: Sanchez-Torres Viviana , Kirigo Joy , Wood Thomas K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There is tremendous interest in the use of bacteriophages (phages) to combat multi-drug resistant bacteria. However, to implement successfully phage therapy, host defense systems must be understood. Toxin/antitoxins (TAs) are the most prevalent phage defense system, and the MqsR/MqsA TA system is one of the best-studied systems. This phage-defense system was discovered in a whole-cell, population-averaged, transcriptome study designed to elucidate the biofilm-related genes of Escherichia coli in 2004. Biofilms are cells cemented to themselves or to surfaces. Since its characterization (as of April 2024), MqsR/MqsA has been utilized in over 1200 manuscripts, although its role in cell physiology has been contested. Here, we summarize the important physiological roles of this TA system, including its role in (i) the general stress response via repression of rpoS, (ii) biofilm formation via repression of csgA, (iii) combating bile acid stress in the gastrointestinal tract by inhibiting uptake of the bile salt deoxycholate, (iv) oxidative stress based on single-cell transcriptome studies, and (v) phage defense leading to the persister state.
The association between histopathologic effects and liver weight changes induced in mice and rats by chemical exposures: an analysis of the data from Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB)
Authors: Mezencev Roman , Feshuk Madison , Kolaczkowski Lori , Peterson Geoffrey Colin , Zhao Q Jay , Watford Sean , Weaver J Andre 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Absolute (ALW) and relative (RLW) liver weight changes are sensitive endpoints in repeat-dose rodent toxicity studies, and their changes are often used for quantitative assessment of health effects induced by hepatotoxic chemicals using the benchmark dose-response modeling (BMD) approach. To find biologically relevant liver weight changes to chemical exposures, we evaluated all data available for liver weight changes and associated liver histopathologic findings from the Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB). Our analysis of 389 subchronic mouse and rat studies for 273 chemicals found significant differences in treatment-related ALW and RLW changes between dose groups with and without liver histopathologic changes. In addition, we demonstrate that chemical treatment-induced ALW and RLW changes can predict the presence of histopathologic findings and inform the selection of biologically relevant liver weight changes for BMD modeling and derivation of toxicity values.