bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain‐Induced High Polarization of a KNbO3 Thin Film on a Single Crystalline Rh Substrate
Authors: Lee Geunhee , Shin Young‐Han , Son Jong Yeog 
Published: July 2012

High‐quality epitaxial KNbO3 (KNO) thin films grown on single crystalline (001) Rh substrates exhibited a tetragonally strained structure with a c/a ratio of 1.04. The strained KNO thin film showed a high remanent polarization of 42 μC/cm2 with a coercive electric field of 170 kV/cm. Based on the density functional theory calculations, the increase in polarization and piezoelectricity in the tetragonally and compressively strained KNO thin film is primarily attributed to the faster increase of the displacement of Nb ions than the decrease in the Born effective charge.
Solution‐Derived, Chloride‐Containing Minerals as a Waste Form for Alkali Chlorides
Authors: Riley Brian J. , Crum Jarrod V. , Matyáš Josef , McCloy John S. , Lepry William C. 
Published: July 2012

Sodalite (Na8(AlSiO4)6Cl2) and cancrinite ((Na,K)6Ca2(AlSiO4)6Cl4) are environmentally stable, chloride‐containing minerals that are a logical waste form option for the mixed alkali chloride salt waste stream that is generated from a proposed electrochemical separations process during nuclear fuel reprocessing. Here, we discuss a low‐temperature, solution‐based process to make these phases where sodalite particles are produced in the form of a fine powder with particle sizes on the order of 1–10 μm. Due to the small particle size, these powders require additional treatment to form a monolith. In this study, the powders were pressed into pellets and fired to achieve >90% of the theoretical density of sodalite (2.27 × 10−3 kg/m3). The cancrinite structure, identified as the best candidate mineral form in terms of waste loading capacity, was only produced on a limited basis but was converted to sodalite upon firing. Here, we discuss the specifics of the solution‐based approach, the chemical durability of select waste forms as well as the steps taken to maximize the chloride‐containing phases, decrease chloride loss during pellet firing, and to increase pellet densities.
Growth of milk production in German dairy farms: an empirical study based on event history analysis
Authors: Francksen Tammo , Hagemann Martin , Latacz‐Lohmann Uwe 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article investigates determinants of growth of milk production in German dairy farms with the use of event history analysis. This methodology enables the analysts to consider time as a proxy for not measurable effects on growth. The likelihood of a farm's moving from a nongrowth episode into a growth episode is estimated and the impact of various covariates on that likelihood is assessed. The analysis is based upon a balanced panel of annual farm accounts from 616 specialized dairy farms in Germany, covering the financial years 1995/1996–2008/2009. The results from event history analyses are presented for low and high growth rates. For both groups, it was found that the probability of entering a growth episode, defined as the event to be analyzed, increases over time, e.g., as a consequence of an increasing need to improve competitiveness. Moreover, several covariates, such as the share of subsidies in returns, farmer's age, and milk price, had a significant impact on growth in a farm's milk production. The analysis revealed, however, that the effect‐direction of some explanatory variables differed between the two groups.
Biphasic alloplastic graft used to preserve the dimension of the edentulous ridge: an experimental study in the dog
Authors: Lindhe J. , Araújo M. G. , Bufler M. , Liljenberg B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundLoss of teeth results in marked qualitative and quantitative alterations of the alveolar process at the edentulous site. It was observed that a graft comprised of bovine bone mineral placed in the fresh extraction socket delayed tissue modeling, but preserved the dimension of the ridge at edentulous sites.ObjectiveTo analyze the influence of a biphasic synthetic graft on tissue modeling and remodeling during healing of extraction wounds.Material and methodsFive beagle dogs were used. Two premolars in the maxilla and two in the mandible were included. Full thickness flaps were elevated and the distal roots were removed. An alloplastic graft (BPCAP; α‐TCP core coated with nanocrystalline biomimetic hydroxyapatite) embedded in porcine collagen was placed to fill the fresh extraction socket of the premolar sites. Flaps were replaced to cover the entrance of the extraction sockets during early healing. The extraction and grafting procedures were scheduled to allow for the study of 1, 2, and 3 months socket healing. The biopsies from the maxillary sites were decalcified, embedded in paraffin, and stained to allow the study of various aspects of hard tissue formation. The biopsies from the mandibular sites were processed for ground sectioning and used to evaluate alterations of ridge dimensions after 3 months of socket healing.Results and conclusionIt was documented that the biphasic alloplastic graft did not undergo marked resorption during tissue modeling and remodeling, but allowed large amounts of bone to form within the post‐extraction site. Grafting the experimental sites with this biomaterial furthermore counteracted ridge resorption that otherwise occurs following tooth extraction.
Efficacy of Fresh and Dried Egg White on Inhibition of Oil Absorption during Deep Fat Frying
Authors: Myers Andrew S. , Brannan Robert G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that less than 35% of daily calories be contributed from fat. In fried foods, up to 75% of calories can be from fat. This study was undertaken to determine if oil absorption during frying could be inhibited in breaded chicken patties that were coated with egg white solutions before frying. In two different bread crumb systems, two different types of egg dips (fresh and dried egg white) were utilized. Color, texture, processing factors, lipid and moisture measurements were taken. Samples coated with Japanese bread crumbs treated with dried egg white dips adjusted to pH 3, 5, and 7 reduced lipid content by 27%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. The reduction in lipid content was accompanied by an increase in moisture retention. These results suggest that fried food dipped in dried egg white before frying could exhibit reduced oil content.Practical ApplicationsReducing the fat content of fried meat patties could provide lower fat alternatives to normal deep fried foods that still retain the desirable characteristics that full fat foods provide. This could help to battle the growing trend of obesity in the U.S.
Pulsed UV‐C Disinfection of Escherichia coli With Light‐Emitting Diodes, Emitted at Various Repetition Rates and Duty Cycles
Authors: Wengraitis Stephen , McCubbin Patrick , Wade Mary Margaret , Biggs Tracey D. , Hall Shane , Williams Leslie I. , Zulich Alan W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA 2010 study exposed Staphylococcus aureus to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thermal heating from pulsed xenon flash lamps. The results suggested that disinfection could be caused not only by photochemical changes from UV radiation, but also by photophysical stress damage caused by the disturbance from incoming pulses. The study called for more research in this area. The recent advances in light‐emitting diode (LED) technology include the development of LEDs that emit in narrow bands in the ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) range (100–280 nm), which is highly effective for UV disinfection of organisms. Further, LEDs would use less power, and allow more flexibility than other sources of UV energy in that the user may select various pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs), pulse irradiances, pulse widths, duty cycles and types of waveform output (e.g. square waves, sine waves, triangular waves, etc.). Our study exposed Escherichia coli samples to square pulses of 272 nm radiation at various PRFs and duty cycles. A statistically significant correlation was found between E. coli’s disinfection sensitivity and these parameters. Although our sample size was small, these results show promise and are worthy of further investigation. Comparisons are also made with pulsed disinfection by LEDs emitting at 365 nm, and pulsed disinfection by xenon flash lamps.
Computational modelling of coastal flooding caused by combined surge overflow and wave overtopping on embankments
Authors: Jones D. K. , Zou Q. , Reeve D. E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the process of embankment wave overtopping combined with overflow because of extreme surge levels that are above the embankment crest. A Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes volume of fluid (RANS‐VOF) model is employed to simulate the hydrodynamics. To investigate the success of the model at reproducing the hydrodynamic processes, the model is compared with experimental laboratory measurements. Comparisons are performed for quantities including discharge, depth and velocity. The overtopping discharge predicted by the model is compared against empirical design methods. Specific conditions under which discrepancies occur between the model, laboratory measurements and design formulae are identified and explained and design guidance is provided. This study has demonstrated that the RANS model can adequately represent the complex hydrodynamics encountered in extreme storms where combined overflow and wave overtopping occurs. A tendency was found for the model to somewhat over‐predict the overtopping volume as wave heights increase and has been hypothesised as being due to shortcomings of the representation of turbulence within the model.
Management of cases suffering from atypical myopathy: Interpretations of descriptive, epidemiological and pathophysiological findings. Part 2: Muscular, urinary, respiratory and hepatic care, and inflammatory/infectious status
Authors: van Galen G. , Votion D.‐M. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAtypical myopathy is highly fatal, but about a quarter of affected horses survive. This highlights the need for provision of supportive treatment for these patients. This review is a practical guideline for equine practitioners and includes suggestions for close monitoring of involved organ systems and discusses options of supportive treatment based on current knowledge of the condition. Part 2 covers the muscular, urinary, respiratory and hepatic systems, and the general inflammatory/infectious status of the case.
Verification and dosimetric impact of Acuros XB algorithm on intensity modulated stereotactic radiotherapy for locally persistent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kan Monica W. K. , Leung Lucullus H. T. , Yu Peter K. N. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose:The main aim of the current study was to assess the dosimetric impact on intensity modulated stereotactic radiotherapy (IMSRT) for locally persistent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) due to the recalculation from the Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) to the recently released Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm. The dosimetric accuracy of using AXB in predicting air/tissue interface doses from an open single small field in a simple geometric phantom and intensity modulated small fields in an anthropomorphic phantom was also investigated.Methods:The central axis percentage depth doses (PDD) of a rectangular phantom containing an air cavity were calculated by both AAA and AXB from 6 MV beam with small field sizes (2 × 2 to 5 × 5 cm2). These data were compared to PDD measured by thin thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and Monte Carlo simulations. The doses predicted by AAA and AXB near air/tissue interfaces from five different IMSRT plans were compared to the TLD measured doses in an anthropomorphic phantom. The PTV coverage, conformity and doses to organs at risk (OARs) calculated by AAA and AXB were compared for 12 patients, using identical beam setup, leaves movement and monitor units.Results:Testing using the simple rectangular phantom demonstrated that AAA and AXB overestimated the PDD at the air/tissue interfaces by up to 41% and 6%, respectively, from a 2 × 2 cm2 field. The secondary build‐up curves predicted by AXB caught up well with the measured data at around 2 mm beyond the air cavity. Testing using the anthropomorphic phantom showed that AAA overestimated the doses by up to 10%, while the measured doses matched those of the AXB to within 3%. Using AAA, the planning target coverage represented by 100% of the reference dose was estimated to be 4% higher than using AXB. The averaged minimum dose to the PTV predicted by AAA was about 4% higher and OARs doses 3% to 6% higher compared to AXB.Conclusions:AXB should be used whenever possible as the standard reference for IMSRT boost of NPC cases. The more accurate AXB indicating lower target coverage and lower minimum target dose compared to AAA should be noted.
3D imaging using magnetic resonance tomosynthesis (MRT) technique
Authors: Kim Min‐Oh , Zho Sang‐Young , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: July 2012

Purpose:To introduce an alternative approach to three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using a method that is similar to x‐ray tomosynthesis.Methods:Variable angle tilted‐projection images are acquired using a multiple‐oblique view (MOV) pulse sequence. Reconstruction is performed using three methods similar to that of x‐ray tomosynthesis, which generate a set of tomographic images with multiple 2D projection images. The reconstruction algorithm is further modified to reformat to the practical imaging situations of MR. The procedure is therefore termed magnetic resonance tomosynthesis (MRT). To analyze the characteristics of MRT, simulations are performed. Phantom andin vivo experiments were done to suggest potential applications.Results:Simulation results show anisotropic features that are structurally dependent in terms of resolution. Partial blurrings along slice direction were observed. In phantom andin vivo experiments, the reconstruction performance is particularly noticeable in the low SNR case where improved images with lower noise are obtained. Reformatted reconstruction using thinner slice thickness and/or extended field‐of‐view can increase spatial resolution partially and alleviate slice profile imperfection.Conclusions:Results demonstrate that MRT can generate adequate 3D images using the MOV images. Various reconstruction methods in tomosynthesis were readily adapted, while allowing other tomosynthesis reconstruction algorithms to be incorporated. A reformatted reconstruction process was incorporated for applications relevant to MR imaging.
Device for Carrying Blood Samples at 37°C for Cryoglobulin Test
Authors: Nahm Moon H. , Chatham W. Winn , Benjamin William H. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTTo reliably transport blood samples for cryoglobulin analysis, we have created a sample transport device containing a mixture of two waxes that solidifies at 38°C and maintains sample temperature at 38°C. Samples arriving at the laboratory at 37 to 38°C increased to 95% from 34% with the use of the device.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Human Pathogen, Aeromonas aquariorum
Authors: Wu Chi-Jung , Wang Hsuan-Chen , Chen Chang-Shi , Shu Hung-Yu , Kao Ai-Wen , Chen Po-Lin , Ko Wen-Chien 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas aquariorum
, a recently described species, is associated with a variety of human diseases. We present here the first genome sequence of
A. aquariorum
strain AAk1, which was isolated as the sole pathogen from the blood of a patient with septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis.
Draft Genome Sequence of High-Siderophore-Yielding Pseudomonas sp. Strain HYS
Authors: Gao Jingwei , Yu Xinyan , Xie Zhixiong 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

We sequenced the genome of the high-siderophore-yielding strain
Pseudomonas
sp. HYS and then analyzed its iron acquisition systems. The 5.6-Mb draft genome sequence has a special pattern of pyoverdine synthesis clusters and contains an
hmuRSTUV
heme uptake cluster, which has a homolog only in some strains of the order
Enterobacteriales
.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Strain LCT-SA112
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Liu Yanhong , Wan Daiwei , Fang Xiangqun , Li Tianzhi , Guo Yinghua , Chang De , Su Longxiang , Wang Yajuan , Zhao Jiao , Liu Changting 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium.
S. aureus
is the most common species of
Staphylococcus
to cause staphylococcal infections, which are very common in clinical medicine. Here we report the genome sequence of
S. aureus
strain LCT-SA112, which was isolated from
S. aureus
subsp.
aureus
CGMCC 1.230.
Complete Genome Sequences of Methylophaga sp. Strain JAM1 and Methylophaga sp. Strain JAM7
Authors: Villeneuve Céline , Martineau Christine , Mauffrey Florian , Villemur Richard 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTMethylophagasp. strains JAM1 and JAM7 have been isolated from a denitrification system. Strain JAM1 was the firstMethylophagastrain reported to be able to grow under denitrifying conditions. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of the two strains, which allowed prediction of gene clusters involved in denitrification in strain JAM1.
Genome Sequence of Herbaspirillum sp. Strain GW103, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium
Authors: Lee Gun Woong , Lee Kui-Jae , Chae Jong-Chan 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Herbaspirillum
sp. strain GW103 was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the reed
Phragmites australis
on reclaimed land. Here we report the 5.05-Mb draft genome sequence of the strain, providing bioinformation about the agronomic benefits of this strain, such as multiple traits relevant to plant root colonization and plant growth promotion.
Population Dynamics among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Germany during a 6-Year Period
Authors: Schaumburg Frieder , Köck Robin , Mellmann Alexander , Richter Laura , Hasenberg Felicitas , Kriegeskorte André , Friedrich Alexander W. , Gatermann Sören , Peters Georg , von Eiff Christof , Becker Karsten ,   study group
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) originated from the health care setting but is now emerging in communities without health care contact (CA-MRSA) or in livestock (LA-MRSA). The impact on the whole MRSA population was assessed in a German prospective multicenter study. Thirty-three laboratories consecutively collected up to 50 MRSA isolates from infection or carriage during two sampling periods in 2004 to 2005 and 2010 to 2011. Patient-related data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by the detection of
mecA
or its homologue
mecA
LGA251
. The
spa
type and major virulence factors were analyzed for each isolate. In total, 1,604 (2004 to 2005) and 1,603 (2010 to 2011) MRSA isolates were analyzed; one isolate from each sampling period harbored
mecA
LGA251
. LA-MRSA increased significantly (odds ratio [OR] = 22.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.51 to 85.49,
P
< 0.0005) and spread over Germany, originating from northwestern regions. Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive CA-MRSA rose significantly, particularly in southern Germany, but the proportion in 2010 to 2011 remained low (2.7%, OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.54 to 5.34,
P
< 0.0005). The emerging MRSA clones changed the MRSA population in Germany during a 6-year period significantly. The ongoing epidemiological shift and changes of MRSA sources create a need for revision of guidelines for MRSA infection control and treatment.
HLA Class I-Mediated Control of HIV-1 in the Japanese Population, in Which the Protective HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*27 Alleles Are Absent
Authors: Naruto Takuya , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Nelson George , Sakai Keiko , Carrington Mary , Oka Shinichi , Takiguchi Masafumi 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
We investigated the effect of HLA class I alleles on clinical parameters for HIV-1 disease progression in the Japanese population, where two strongly protective alleles, HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*27, are virtually nonexistent. HLA-B alleles showed a dominant role, primarily through HLA-B*67:01 and the HLA-B*52:01-C*12:02 haplotype. Neither a rare-allele nor a heterozygote advantage was found, suggesting that the effect of HLA alleles in the Japanese population is either different from those observed in Africans and Caucasians or undetectable due to limited power.
Three Murine Leukemia Virus Integration Regions within 100 Kilobases Upstream ofc-mybAre Proximal to the 5′ Regulatory Region of the Gene through DNA Looping
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Markus Jan , Bies Juraj , Paul Thomas , Wolff Linda 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTRetroviruses integrated into genomic DNA participate in long-range gene activation from as far away as several hundred kilobases. Hypotheses have been put forth to account for these phenomena, but data have not been provided to support a physical mechanism that explains long-range activation. In murine leukemia virus-induced myeloid leukemia in mice, integrated proviruses have been found upstream ofc-mybin three regions, named Mml1, Mml2, and Mml3 (25, 50, and 70 kb upstream, respectively). The transcription factor c-Myb is an oncogene whose dysregulation and/or mutation can lead to human leukemia. We hypothesized that the murinec-mybupstream region contains regulatory elements accessed by the retrovirus. To identify regulatory sites in the murinec-mybupstream region, we looked by chromatin immunoprecipitation with microarray technology (ChIP-on-chip) for histone modifications implicating gene activation in normal cells. H3K4me3, H3K4me1, and H3K9/14ac were enriched at Mml1 and/or Mml2 in the myeloblastic cell line M1, which expressesc-myb. The enrichment of all of these histone marks decreased with differentiation-induced downregulation of the gene in M1 cells but increased and spread in tumor cells containing integrated provirus. Importantly, using chromosome conformation capture (3C)-quantitative PCR assays, interactions between the 5′ region, including the promoter and all Mml sites (Mml1, Mml2, and Mml3), were detected due to DNA looping in M1 cells and tumor cells with provirus in Mml1, Mml2, or Mml3. Therefore, our study provides a new mechanism of retrovirus insertional mutagenesis whereby spatial chromatin organization allows distally located provirus, with its own enhancer elements, to access the 5′ regulatory region of the gene.
Do parents' and children's concerns about sports safety and injury risk relate to how much physical activity children do?
Authors: Telford Amanda , Finch Caroline F , Barnett Lisa , Abbott Gavin , Salmon Jo 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo see whether concerns about injury risk relate to children's physical activity (PA).MethodsTwo cohorts were recruited from 19 Australian schools and assessed in 2001 (T1), 2004 (T2) and 2006 (T3). The younger (n=162) was assessed at 6, 9 and 11years old, and the older (n=259) at 11, 14 and 16 years old. At T1 and T2, parents of the younger cohort reported on fear of child being injured, and whether child would be at risk of injury if they played organised sport; the older cohort self-reported injury fear. Accelerometers assessed PA at each time point. Linear regression models examined cross-sectional associations, and also associations between T1 injury fear and risk and T2 PA, and T2 injury fear and risk and T3 PA.ResultsIn the younger cohort at T2 (9 years), fear and risk were both negatively associated with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (β=−0.17, 95% CI −0.30 to −0.03 and β=−0.26, 95% CI −0.41 to −0.10) and also vigorous PA (VPA). Fear was also associated with moderate PA (MPA). For the older cohort at T1, injury fear was negatively associated with MVPA (β=−0.21, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.07) and also MPA and VPA. Parental perception of risk at T1 (6 years) was negatively associated with children's MPA at T2 (9 years) (β=−0.17, 95% CI −0.32 to −0.02). Sex did not moderate any association.ConclusionsYounger children and their parents need to know which sports have low injury risks. Some children may need increased confidence to participate..