bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive reserve as a moderator of postconcussive symptoms in children with complicated and uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: FAY TARYN B. , YEATES KEITH OWEN , TAYLOR H. GERRY , BANGERT BARBARA , DIETRICH ANN , NUSS KATHRYN E. , RUSIN JEROME , WRIGHT MARTHA 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe occurrence of postconcussive symptoms (PCS) following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children may depend on cognitive reserve capacity. This prospective, longitudinal study examined whether the relationship between mild TBI and PCS is moderated by cognitive ability, which served as a proxy for cognitive reserve. Participants included 182 children with mild TBI and 99 children with orthopedic injuries (OI), ranging from 8 to 15 years of age when injured. Mild TBI were classified as complicated (n= 32) or uncomplicated (n= 150) depending on whether they were associated with trauma-related intracranial abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging. PCS were assessed initially within 3 weeks of injury, and again at 1, 3, and 12 months post injury. The initial assessment also included standardized tests of children’s cognitive skills and retrospective parent ratings of pre-injury symptoms. Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that ratings of PCS were moderated jointly by cognitive ability and injury severity. Children of lower cognitive ability with a complicated mild TBI were especially prone to cognitive symptoms across time according to parents and to high acute levels of PCS according to children’s self-ratings. Cognitive reserve is an important moderator of the outcomes of mild TBI in children and adolescents. (JINS, 2010,16, 94–105.)
Logically rectangular finite volume methods with adaptive refinement on the sphere
Authors: Berger Marsha J. , Calhoun Donna A. , Helzel Christiane , LeVeque Randall J. 
Published: October 2009

The logically rectangular finite volume grids for two-dimensional partial differential equations on a sphere and for three-dimensional problems in a spherical shell introduced recently have nearly uniform cell size, avoiding severe Courant number restrictions. We present recent results with adaptive mesh refinement using the G
eo
C
law
software and demonstrate well-balanced methods that exactly maintain equilibrium solutions, such as shallow water equations for an ocean at rest over arbitrary bathymetry.
Kimura’s disease mimicking an earlobe keloid
Authors: Yeh S. W. , Lee W. R. , Hu C. H. , Tsai H. H. 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Kimura’s disease (KD) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. It usually presents as soft-tissue masses predominantly in the head or neck region. We report a case of an asymptomatic tumour on the left earlobe mimicking a keloid. The tumour was histopathologically diagnosed as KD. This case suggests the importance of conducting skin biopsies of keloidal lesions on head and neck regions, particularly in patients who have peripheral eosinophilia and increased IgE levels.
Testing the influence of local forest canopy clearing on phenotypic variation in Trinidadian guppies
Authors: Schwartz Amy K. , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: October 2009

Summary 1. Factors contributing to the maintenance of phenotypic variation in nature are often difficult to determine. Secondary sexual traits might be particularly interesting in this regard due to the interaction they experience between multiple selective agents. One way to examine such effects is to monitor populations following environmental change. Human‐caused changes can be particularly useful here because they often involve an abrupt and extreme alteration of specific habitat features. This alteration can then precipitate phenotypic plasticity, changes in adaptive landscapes, and modified evolutionary trajectories. The consequences of habitat manipulations on local populations can therefore improve our understanding of phenotypic variation in complex ecological systems. 2. We took advantage of a human‐caused environmental disturbance to examine factors influencing phenotypic variation in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Differences in canopy cover along the stream have been hypothesized to explain some of this variation, but this has been hard to test directly. We here attempt a direct test of this hypothesis by monitoring changes in guppy size and colour following a dramatic decrease in canopy cover due to tree removal for agricultural activity. 3. Although male and female body size increased following canopy clearing, little change was observed in the overall amount of melanin‐based colours, carotenoid‐based colours, and structural colours on males. We further compared phenotypes before and after canopy clearing at the disturbed site to those from two nearby reference sites that are at extreme ends of canopy cover. Overall, variation in colour was attributed to differences among sites, irrespective of canopy differences. We also found considerable temporal variation in some colour elements at a given site. 4. Our results suggest that differences in light availability do not cause rapid and dramatic changes in guppy colour. The substantial unexplained variation must therefore be due to factors other than canopy (measured here) and predation regime (all sites were ‘low‐predation’). Because of the multiple and complex interactions involved in the expression and maintenance of sexually selected traits, our study emphasizes the need for a better understanding of both the genetic and environmental sources of co‐variation between sexual ornaments and preferences.
Antimicrobial activities of ZnO powder‐coated PVC film to inactivate food pathogens
Authors: Li Xihong , Xing Yage , Jiang Yunhong , Ding Yulong , Li Weili 
Published: October 2009

SummaryIn this work, the effects of two different amounts of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the antimicrobial activities of poly (vinyl chloride)‐based films to inactivate food pathogens were investigated. Results showed that the ZnO‐coated film exhibited a good inhibition effect on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and its ability was attributed to the ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO‐coated films exhibited more effective antibacterial activity for S. aureus. However, antifungal activity of the ZnO‐coated films (20 mm × 25 mm) against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum was not observed. It is likely due to the complexity of the fungal cell wall and the ZnO nanoparticles without UV light irradiated or the insufficient amount of nanoparticles. Our findings reveal that ZnO nanoparticles have a good potential to be coated on a plastic film to make antimicrobial packaging against bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus.
The influence of inulin addition on the morphological and structural properties of durum wheat pasta
Authors: Manno Daniela , Filippo Emanuela , Serra Antonio , Negro Carmine , De Bellis Luigi , Miceli Antonio 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe effect of the addition of different concentration of inulin fibre to durum wheat pasta was evaluated in terms of structure, texture and morphological characteristics. Inulin fibre fraction was incorporated into pasta at 5%, 10% and 15% inclusion rates. Changes to pasta quality were observed with inulin fibre fraction addition by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy methods. Investigation of pasta microstructure indicate a lowering in crystallinity increasing the inulin content and characterisation of starch gelatinisation events indicated that a combination of changes to the starch–protein matrix and the high water‐binding capacity of inulin alters the physico‐chemical properties and then the digestibility of the pastas.
Antioxidants in aerial parts of Hypericum sampsonii, Hypericum japonicum and Hypericum perforatum
Authors: Chen Chung Li , Huang Chien Hsiu , Sung Jih Min 
Published: October 2009

SummaryAntioxidants contents and antioxidative enzymes and their activities in fresh aerial tissues of Hypericum sampsonii (Sampson’s St John’s Wort), Hypericum japonicum (Japanese St John’s Wort) and Hypericum perforatum were investigated. Hypericum sampsonii contained more total ascorbate [34.33 μmol g−1 fresh weight (FW)] than H. perforatum (57% less) and H. japonicum (82% less). It also contained more thiol and phenolics than two other species. Hypericum japonicum had highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (8.74 mmol min−1 g−1 FW), followed by H. sampsonii (2% less) and H. perforatum (37% less). Hot‐air dried H. perforatum materials contained more thiol [208.7 μmol g−1 dry weight (DW)] and phenolics (352.82 mg g−1 DW) than freeze‐dried and fresh materials. Both drying treatments decreased the activities of antioxidative enzymes in aerial tissues of H. perforatum. However, freeze‐dried H. perforatum contained the highest SOD activity (5.42 mmol min−1 g−1 DW) among the antioxidative enzymes measured from both freeze‐dried and hot‐air dried tissues (ranged from 0.02 to 2.65 μmol min−1 g−1 DW).
Physico‐chemical characterisation of a non‐conventional food protein source from earthworms and sensory impact in arepas
Authors: Cayot Nathalie , Cayot Philippe , Bou‐Maroun Elias , Laboure Hélène , Abad‐Romero Beatriz , Pernin Karine , Seller‐Alvarez Nuria , Hernández Ayary V. , Marquez Elil , Medina Ana L. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThis study aimed to characterise a non‐conventional protein source: a powder made from earthworms, and to evaluate its potential use as human food. The way it was prepared led to low solubility and wide particle size distribution. Sensory analysis was used to assess the acceptability and the organoleptic properties of maize‐based pan‐cakes fortified with this novel protein powder. Satisfying products were obtained with a substitution level of 5.5% (w/w) earthworm powder in pan‐cakes. GC‐MS allowed the identification of more than seventy volatile compounds that may be responsible for the off‐odour of the powder. The most abundant chemical groups found in the volatile fraction were ketones with undecan‐2‐one, alcohols with pentan‐1‐ol, and aldehydes with hexanal. Partial delipidation was tested as a way to improve the organoleptic quality of the powder. It clearly led to less intensely coloured samples but delipidation must be optimised to have an impact on odour.
Optimisation of fermentation conditions for mango (Mangifera indicaL.) wine production by employing response surface methodology
Authors: Sudheer Kumar Yannam , Prakasam Reddy Shetty , Reddy Obulam Vijaya Sarathi 
Published: October 2009

SummaryResponse surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the simultaneous analysis of fermentation conditions of temperature, pH and inoculum size on chemical characteristics such as ethanol, glycerol and volatile acidity, produced during mango wine production bySaccharomyces cerevisiae(var. bayanus). The experiments were carried out according to the central composite design to establish the optimum conditions for improving the quality of mango wine. The predicted values for optimisation process conditions were in good agreement with experimental data. The results showed that a satisfactory production of ethanol from the mango juice could be achieved reaching up to 10% (v/v), glycerol concentration is increased to 6.94 g L−1and volatile acidity is minimised to 0.29 g L−1at optimised fermentation conditions of temperature 22.5 °C, pH 3.8 and inoculum size 11.9%. Verification of the model indicated no difference between predicted and observed values. Sensory evaluation studies shown overall acceptance of mango wine with good quality.
Evidence that a secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene cluster has grown by gene relocation during evolution of the filamentous fungus Fusarium
Authors: Proctor Robert H. , McCormick Susan P. , Alexander Nancy J. , Desjardins Anne E. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryTrichothecenes are terpene‐derived secondary metabolites produced by multiple genera of filamentous fungi, including many plant pathogenic species of Fusarium. These metabolites are of interest because they are toxic to animals and plants and can contribute to pathogenesis of Fusarium on some crop species. Fusarium graminearum and F. sporotrichioides have trichothecene biosynthetic genes (TRI) at three loci: a 12‐gene TRI cluster and two smaller TRI loci that consist of one or two genes. Here, comparisons of additional Fusarium species have provided evidence that TRI loci have a complex evolutionary history that has included loss, non‐functionalization and rearrangement of genes as well as trans‐species polymorphism. The results also indicate that the TRI cluster has expanded in some species by relocation of two genes into it from the smaller loci. Thus, evolutionary forces have driven consolidation of TRI genes into fewer loci in some fusaria but have maintained three distinct TRI loci in others.
Null mutations in Sinorhizobium meliloti exoS and chvI demonstrate the importance of this two‐component regulatory system for symbiosis
Authors: Bélanger Louise , Dimmick Kristin A. , Fleming Jacquelyn S. , Charles Trevor C. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryExopolysaccharides, either succinoglycan or galactoglucan, are essential for the establishment of the symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and Medicago sativa (alfalfa). The ExoS/ChvI two‐component regulatory system is known as a regulator of succinoglycan production but the genes that are directly regulated by ChvI have not been determined. Difficulty isolating exoS and chvI null mutants has prompted the suggestion that these genes are essential for S. meliloti viability. We have successfully isolated exoS and chvI null mutants using a merodiploid‐facilitated strategy. We present evidence that the S. meliloti ExoS/ChvI two‐component regulatory system is essential for symbiosis with alfalfa. Phenotypic analyses of exoS and chvI null mutant strains demonstrate that ExoS/ChvI controls both succinoglycan and galactoglucan production and is required for growth on over 21 different carbon sources. These new findings suggest that the ExoS/ChvI regulatory targets might not be the exo genes that are specific for succinoglycan biosynthesis but rather genes that have common influence on both succinoglycan and galactoglucan production. Other studied alpha‐proteobacteria ExoS/ChvI orthologues are required for the bacteria to invade or persist in host cells and thus we present more evidence that this two‐component regulatory system is essential for alpha‐proteobacterial host interaction.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and intellectual performance in young adult Swedish male offspring
Authors: Lundberg Frida , Cnattingius Sven , D'Onofrio Brian , Altman Daniel , Lambe Mats , Hultman Christina , Iliadou Anastasia 
Published: October 2009

SummaryLundberg F, Cnattingius S, D'Onofrio B, Altman D, Lambe M, Hultman C, Iliadou A. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and intellectual performance in young adult Swedish male offspring. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010; 24: 79–87.Smoking during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of several adverse birth outcomes. Associations with deficits in cognitive development have also been suggested. It is unclear whether these associations are due to genetic and/or environmental confounding. In a population‐based Swedish cohort study on 205 777 singleton males born to Nordic mothers between 1983 and 1988, we examined the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of poor intellectual performance in young adult male offspring.In the cohort analyses, the risk of poor intellectual performance was increased in sons of smoking mothers compared with sons of non‐smokers. Stratifying for maternal smoking habits across two pregnancies, there was an increased risk of poor intellectual performance for both sons if the mother was only smoking in the first pregnancy, but in neither son if the mother was only smoking in the second pregnancy. The effect of smoking during pregnancy on intellectual performance was not present when the association was evaluated within sibling pairs. Thus, the association between prenatal smoking exposure and offspring risk of low intellectual performance appears to be completely confounded by familial (genetic and early environmental) factors.
Epidemiology of major paediatric chest trauma
Authors: Samarasekera Sumudu P , Mikocka‐Walus Antonina , Butt Warwick , Cameron Peter 
Published: October 2009

Aim:  Paediatric chest trauma is a marker of severe injury and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. However, current trends in the Australian population are unknown. This study aims to outline the profile and management of major paediatric chest trauma in Victoria.Methods:  Prospectively collected data of patients from the Victorian State Trauma Registry from July 2001 to June 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on fatalities were obtained from the National Coroners Information System. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the profiles of major trauma cases and coroners' cases.Results:  Overall, 204 cases with serious paediatric chest injuries were reported by the Victorian State Trauma Registry (n = 158) and National Coroners Information System (n = 46) (excluding overlapping cases) in 2001–2007. Paediatric chest trauma was more common in males. The Injury Severity Score ranged from 16 to 25 in most patients. Blunt trauma was responsible for 96% of cases, of which motor vehicle collisions accounted for 75%. Median hospitalisation was 9 days, and 64% of patients were admitted to intensive care. Common injuries included lung contusion (66%), haemo/pneumothorax (32%) and rib fracture (23%). Multiple organ injury occurred in 99% of cases, with head (62%) and abdominal (50%) injury common. Management was conservative, with only 11 cases (7%) treated surgically. The highest mortality was in the 10–15‐year age group. In 52 (79%) fatalities, injury was transport related.Conclusion:  Australian paediatric chest trauma trends are similar to international patterns. Serious injury requiring surgical intervention is rare. This limited exposure may lead to difficulty in maintaining surgical expertise in this highly specialised area.
Ursodeoxycholic acid's role in avoiding diversionary surgery in idiopathic fibrosing pancreatitis
Authors: Rosenbaum Jeremy , Alex George , Clarnette Tom 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObstructive jaundice in childhood is rare but a cause of great concern and warrants aggressive investigation into its aetiology. Idiopathic fibrosing pancreatitis (IFP) is a rare cause of this phenomenon and is presently a diagnosis of exclusion with lymphoma a main differential diagnosis. IFP appears to be a self limiting occurrence and as a result the previous gold standard of therapy of surgical diversion may ultimately be unnecessary. We describe ursodeoxycholic acid as a useful adjunct to treatment allowing more time for clinicians to evaluate the nature of the underlying disease process without hastily moving towards invasive surgery until clearly indicated.
Sensitivity of confocal laser tomography versus optical coherence tomography in detecting advanced glaucoma
Authors: Hewitt Alex W , Chappell Angela J , Straga Tania , Landers John , Mills Richard A , Craig Jamie E 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose:  To determine the sensitivity of manufacturer supported normative algorithms in Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) and Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting advanced primary open angle glaucoma.Methods:  A total of 157 subjects with advanced primary open angle glaucoma were recruited. The eye with the more severe glaucoma, as judged by mean deviation on Humphrey visual field, was imaged. The total number of optic disc sectors classified as being outside normal limits on Moorfields Regression Analysis (MRA) from the HRT II and HRT 3 software or from the sector and quadrant averages analysis of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer OCT scans was compared using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.Results:  At least one segment in each eye was identified as being outside normal limits by the OCT sector Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer analysis (100% sensitivity). Five eyes were classified as being within normal limits on the OCT quadrant average analysis (96.8% sensitivity). Four eyes were found to be either completely within normal limits or borderline on the HRT II MRA (97.5% sensitivity), of which one was subsequently identified as being outside normal limits by the HRT 3 MRA. The total number of segments classified as being outside normal limits was greater on HRT 3 MRA than HRT II MRA (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Automated optic nerve imaging devices rarely produce a totally normal result in the presence of advanced primary open angle glaucoma. The Stratus OCT Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer clock hour normative database performs better than other modalities studied. These findings are important in considering the utility of these algorithms for community screening.
Resource distribution and soil moisture content can regulate bait control in an ant assemblage in Central Amazonian forest
Authors: BACCARO FABRICIO BEGGIATO , KETELHUT SUZANA MARIA , DE MORAIS JOSÉ WELLINGTON 
Published: October 2009

AbstractResources influence population growth, interspecific interactions, territoriality and, in combination with moisture content, affect terrestrial arthropod distribution and abundance. Ants are usually described as interactive and compete in transitive hierarchies, where the dominants behaviourally exclude subordinate species from food resources. In this study, we evaluated the effects of (i) dominant ants, soil moisture and an artificial resource gradient on the number of ant species attracted to baits; and (ii) how soil moisture and an artificial resource gradient change the number of controlled baits in a Central Amazonian rain forest. We sampled 30 100‐m‐long transects, located at least 200 m apart. The transects were established with six different bait densities varying between six and 41 baits and the soil moisture content was measured at 10 points for each transect. Six ant species were considered dominant, and had negative correlations with the number of species at baits (r2 = 0.186; F1,28 = 6.419; P = 0.017). However, almost half of the transects showed low abundance of dominant species (<30%), and relatively high number of species (mean of 20.1 ± 8.75). Resource availability and soil moisture had negative and positive correlations, with number of controlled baits. These results suggest that, even though the dominance is relatively poorly developed on the floor of this tropical forest, both resource availability and soil moisture affect resource control, and thus, the number of species that use baits.