bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Regenerative Ni‐Doped CaTiO3/CaO for Integrated CO2 Capture and Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Jo Seongbin , Gilliard‐AbdulAziz Kandis Leslie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, a new type of multifunctional materials (MFMs) called self‐regenerative Ni‐doped CaTiO3/CaO is introduced for the integrated CO2 capture and dry reforming of methane (ICCDRM). These materials consist of a catalytically active Ni‐doped CaTiO3 and a CO2 sorbent, CaO. The article proposes a concept where the Ni catalyst can be regenerated in situ, which is crucial for ICCDRM. Exsolved Ni nanoparticles are evenly distributed on the surface of CaTiO3 under H2 or CH4, and are re‐dispersed back into the CaTiO3 lattice under CO2. The Ni‐doped CaTiO3/CaO MFMs show stable CO2 capture capacity and syngas productivity for 30 cycles of ICCDRM. The presence of CaTiO3 between CaO grains prevents CaO/CaCO3 thermal sintering during carbonation and decarbonation. Moreover, the strong interaction of CaTiO3 with exsolved Ni mitigates severe accumulation of coke deposition. This concept can be useful for developing MFMs with improved properties that can advance integrated carbon capture and conversion.
Rapid and Green Fabrication of Nanozyme with Geminal CuN3O Configuration for Efficient Catecholase‐Mimicking
Authors: Yuan Meng , Han Ke , Yang Hong , Mi Li , Huang Chaofeng , Hu Xun , He Fei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFabrication of nanozyme with catecholase‐like catalytic activity faces the great challenge of merging outstanding activity with low cost as well as simple, rapid, and low‐energy‐consumed production, restricting its industrial applications. Herein, an inexpensive yet robust nanozyme (i.e., DT‐Cu) via simple one‐step coordination between diaminotriazole (DT) and CuSO4 within 1 h in water at room temperature is constructed. The asymmetric dicopper site with CuN3O configuration for each copper as well as Cu─O bond length of ≈1.83 Å and Cu···Cu distance of ≈3.5 Å in DT‐Cu resemble those in catechol oxidase (CO), which ensure its prominent intrinsic activity, outperforming most CO‐mimicking nanozymes and artificial homogeneous catalysts. The use of inexpensive DT/CuSO4 in this one‐pot strategy endows DT‐Cu with only ≈20% cost of natural CO per activity unit. During catalysis, O2 experienced a 4e‐dominated reduction process accompanied by the formation of 1O2 and H2O2 intermediates and the product of H2O. Benefiting from the low cost as well as the distinctive structure and superior intrinsic activity, DT‐Cu presents potential applications ranging from biocatalysis to analytical detection of biomolecules such as epinephrine and beyond.
Learning with multiple external representations in physics: Concreteness fading versus simultaneous presentation
Authors: Lichtenberger Andreas , Kokkonen Tommi , Schalk Lennart 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiple external representations (MERs) are useful for teaching complex content in science education. An open question is whether there is an especially effective way to sequence MERs. On the one hand, the so‐called concreteness fading approach suggests starting instruction with more concrete representations and proceeding stepwise to more idealized representations. The effectiveness of this fading approach is, however, supported mainly by studies in mathematics education, while the results in physics are equivocal. On the other hand, presenting different representations simultaneously may support linking, that is, the comparison and contrast of representations, which may benefit learning. In an experimental classroom study (N = 187), we compared concreteness fading and simultaneous presentation of MERs for learning a challenging physics content in high school, namely, Faraday's law. We found no significant differences between conditions in posttest performance, and an equivalence test with bounds d = −0.5 to 0.5 showed that both approaches performed equally. The results align with previous findings questioning the superiority of concreteness fading over other ways of sequencing MERs. Therefore, facilitating students' understanding of a complex physics content may involve more than determining the optimal order of presenting MERs. We discuss limitations of the present study and implications for future research and practice.
Fabrication and property characterization of biocomposite based on polyamide 11 and AP1 green ramie fiber modified with epoxy
Authors: Thang Dam Xuan , Huynh Mai Duc , Trung Tran Huu , Trang Nguyen Thi Thu , Mai Tran Thi , Dat Nguyen Huu , Cong Do Van , Hai Luong Nhu , Hoang Thai , Giang Nguyen Vu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, Vietnam ramie fiber from Moc Chau, Son La province was chosen as a reinforcement for polyamide 11 (PA11) to prepare full–biocomposites. To enhance the compatibility and adhesion with the matrix, the original ramie fiber (oRF) was treated with Ca(OH)2 solution (tRF) and then modified by epoxy (mRF). Properties and structure of these fibers were characterized by tensile test, chemical composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results showed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin after treatment improved the morphology and mechanical properties of the fiber. Rheology in melting state indicated the increase in the torque of PA11 matrix by adding tRF and mRF. The improvement in mechanical properties was observed for both PA11/tRF and PA11/mRF composites. After modification, epoxy on the fiber surface enhanced the adhesion and compatibility with the matrix. This led to a strong increase in Young's modulus, tensile strength and flexural strength of about 37%, 57%, and 33%, respectively. tRF and mRF also improved thermal stability of the composite as shown in TGA and DSC analysis. Finally, mRF showed a better compatibility with PA11 than tRF by observation of SEM images.
Pollutant transport model with large time‐scale and estimation of land‐use export coefficients at a watershed level
Authors: Yang Min , Yang Zemin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe pollutant transport equilibrium in a watershed can be analyzed on a large time scale, and land‐use export coefficients can be calculated directly under certain hydrologic and transport conditions, by ignoring hydrologic and transport processes at small space and time scales on hydrologic response units. In this study, the water environment system of a watershed was deconstructed into three parts (source, source‐sink, and runoff transport) to construct a pollutant transportation equilibrium model on a large time scale. A watershed with an annual source‐sink accumulation of zero was defined as a completely transported watershed; therefore, we derived a completely transported equilibrium equation. The problem of seeking the land export coefficient was converted into a problem of seeking the optimal solution of linear programming, which can be estimated according to the variation in pollutant output processes. The feasibility of the solution can be analyzed using multi‐year stochastic rainfall processes. The model was used to analyze the transport equilibrium of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) upstream of the monitored cross‐sections in a watershed, which covered 3145.66 km2. The land export coefficients were calculated according to the model. The model calculations indicated that the watershed was completely transported during perennial years. The calculated export coefficients of COD, TN, and TP for farmland, primary vegetation, and urban land were within the range of general empirical values. The calculated maximum accumulations of COD, TN, and TP were 0.19 × 107, 0.063 × 107, and 0.049 × 106 kg, respectively, for perennial rainfall.Practitioner Points
A completely transported watershed was defined, and a model of pollutant transportation equilibrium with large time‐scale was constructed.
A problem of seeking the optimal solution of a linear programming was designed to estimate the land export coefficient of COD, TN, and TP.
The runoff transport and accumulation processes of COD, TN, and TP in a watershed was analyzed.
Conceptual Sampling Design for Tracing Agropollutants on a Catchment Scale
Authors: Skrzypek G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides guidelines for designing a sampling programme for tracing agricultural pollutants using stable isotope techniques at different catchment scales. This sampling template could be considered for the application of various tracers with respect to local needs and study objectives. The template is based on a series of overlapping mixing models that use ‘triple sampling points’ to identify major sources of pollution by estimating pollution budgets in different subcatchments along the water flow pathways. This framework can be further specified, and a more detailed sampling network can be developed after analysing the results obtained from the initial sampling. Step-by-step technical instructions on how to collect and preserve water samples for stable isotope analyses can be found in a separate document published by the International Atomic Energy Agency as a Standard Operating Procedure (Skrzypek in Sampling and isotope analysis of agricultural pollutants in water IAEA TECDOC SERIES. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp. 2–21, 2018).
Stable Sulfur and Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Sulfates to Disentangle Agrocontaminants from Other Sources of Sulfur in Agrosystems
Authors: Skrzypek G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter summarizes key information about the sulfur cycle and stable sulfur isotope biogeochemistry. The overview includes a description of the range of the stable sulfur isotope compositions in natural environments, potential pollutants and fertilizers used in agriculture. The primary focus is on the generation, transport, and mixing of sulfate and on its stable sulfur and oxygen isotope compositions that can be used as tracers. Several case studies that apply stable sulfate isotope analyses for the identification and quantification of pollutants in natural environments are used to provide an overview of successful applications and highlight major challenges. These are followed by the principles of sulfate sampling and analytical techniques.
Quantifying Sediment and Associated Pollutants Sources in Agricultural Catchments Using Isotopic Techniques
Authors: Blake W. H. , Taylor A. , Muñoz-Arcos E. , Ovando-Fuentealba L. , Bravo-Linares C. , Millward G. E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of nuclear tools used in sediment source apportionment studies, summarising essential information about the use of fallout radionuclides, elemental geochemistry, and compound-specific stable isotopes. Exemplar studies are described to show how the method can inform decision making at farm and basin scales to control diffuse water pollution by agriculture.
From Local to Global: International Trade and Value Chains
Authors: Masters William A. , Finaret Amelia B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter shows how local and national food systems are interconnected through trade, storage and processing, forming a global system that links each country’s producers and consumers. We define the concept of comparative advantage and extend our analytical diagrams to explain the prices observed in international trade, including the influence of transportation costs and commodity storage on price levels and price volatility in each country. We address the role of tariffs, quotas and other policies, showing their impact on income distribution within each country and the incentives they create for political leaders to restrict trade, and describe the extent and nature of policy interventions that shape each country’s role in the global food system. The second section of the chapter addresses the institutional arrangements and value chains in each country that link agricultural producers to end-users. Individual enterprises often seek horizontal integration in the provision of different things over a larger geographic area, and may also seek vertical integration in controlling their own source of supplies and marketing to end-users. The alternative to integration is for enterprises to specialize in their own domain, and make transactions with each other through markets whose institutional structure and governance influences the risk of market failure in terms of quality assurance, pricing and market power. The institutional context for each activity along the value chain also influences its environmental externalities, worker rights and health impacts, creating the need and opportunity for social accounting of the full costs and benefits of each product.
Food and Health: Behavioral Economics and Response to Intervention
Authors: Masters William A. , Finaret Amelia B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFood consumption meets each person’s immediate need for dietary energy each day, with foods selected in pursuit of various goals such as taste and enjoyment, convenience and social aspirations. Food consumption also has long-term impacts on a person’s future health, but a food’s appearance and its taste or smell convey little information and might even be misleading about those future impacts. The link between food and future health is particularly unclear for recently introduced packaged and processed foods or meals away from home that have new ingredients in unfamiliar combinations. Centuries of trial and error give people a variety of food traditions, while market forces create rapidly changing and diverse food environments influenced by a variety of policies and programs, some of which are influenced by recent scientific evidence. This chapter introduces the tools of behavioral economics used to understand preferences and guide intervention. Behavioral economics in general addresses psychological causes of preference reversals, whereby people contradict themselves with inconsistent choices due to systematic patterns such as loss aversion and present bias, and thereby do not reach the highest levels of wellbeing for their future selves. Food choice is a kind of health behavior for which both psychology and underlying biology play a central role, creating the need and opportunity for well-designed interventions to improve future wellbeing.
Leaving No One Behind in Research, and the Protection-Inclusion Dilemma for Vulnerable Groups
Authors: Schroeder Doris , Chatfield Kate , Chennells Roger , Partington Hazel , Kimani Joshua , Thomson Gillian , Odhiambo Joyce Adhiambo , Snyders Leana , Louw Collin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLeaving no one behind is the main transformative promise of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It encapsulates the 21st-century mission of inclusion. This chapter introduces the main mission of this book: leaving no one behind in research. It provides the context for all the chapters that follow by explaining what it means to leave no one behind in research, how the protection-inclusion dilemma for vulnerable groups and individuals is generated, and how risks and mistrust in research might be reduced. The book was written in collaboration with two groups who are traditionally labelled as highly vulnerable and are therefore often excluded from research: the South African San community and an impoverished sex worker community in Nairobi. Working closely throughout all research stages with the two communities, including co-authorship of this book, we prioritised research-participant needs over researcher needs, aiming for minimally risky and minimally burdensome research, as well as increased trust in researchers. This involved foregoing the collection of personal data and obtaining all research input through community researchers. It led to a potential alternative to exclusion from research, namely research led by vulnerable groups for vulnerable groups.
Vulnerability Among the Nairobi Sex Workers, and Undertaking Community-Led Research Without Collecting Personal Data
Authors: Schroeder Doris , Chatfield Kate , Chennells Roger , Partington Hazel , Kimani Joshua , Thomson Gillian , Odhiambo Joyce Adhiambo , Snyders Leana , Louw Collin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSex work is one of the most stigmatised professions in many parts of the world. In Kenya, where it is also illegal, sex workers can even face rape and abuse at the hands of law enforcement agents when it becomes known how they earn a living. As a result, sex workers rarely disclose their profession to family members, let alone outsiders. This means that the involvement of Kenyan sex workers in research over the years has been highly risky, as most research efforts collect personal data. This chapter describes a four-stage investigation into how sex workers define vulnerability for themselves. The approach was community-driven, community-led and, in the main, community-analysed. Importantly, no personal data was collected, and all engagement was undertaken by trusted facilitators and a sex worker community researcher. Findings showed that structural vulnerabilities are intersectional and stigma-aggravated. At the root may be poverty, but the stress created by being stigmatised can lead to mental health problems which, in turn, can aggravate poverty and stigma. The Kiswahili term mnyonge may capture the essence of vulnerability, expressing a sense of weakness without the ability to defend oneself.
Intellectual Property Rights in a Fab City/Open-Source Hardware Context
Authors: Beldiman Dana , Flüchter Fabian , Tann Felix 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Fab City framework is based on the idea of the global sharing of information and knowledge combined with the local production of physical goods. Besides a digital infrastructure, this framework also needs a legal infrastructure in order to ensure compliance with the Fab City principles. In this regard, the law presents two conflicting approaches: exclusivity through Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) or sharing of information based on the credo of the open-source movement. Both of these approaches might be necessary to enable the Fab City concept to flourish. This article will address this seeming dichotomy. We will further examine the relevance of IPRs and their respective features to the Fab City framework and address licensing challenges that may emerge from their use.
Circular und Distributed Design im Kontext der Fab City
Authors: Kühr Wolf , Ziehl Michael , Tischner Ursula 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Beitrag wird dargelegt, dass Design neu verortet werden muss, um angemessen auf Herausforderungen zu reagieren, die aufgrund der aktuellen sozio-ökologischen Krisensituation (Klimakrise, Artensterben etc.) entstehen. Anhand der Circular und Distributed Design Konzepte wird aufgezeigt, dass bereits geeignete konzeptionelle Grundlagen für Designende bestehen. Darauf aufbauend werden fünf Design-Prinzipien vorgestellt, die im Rahmen des Circular Design Deep Dives in Hamburg co-kreiert wurden, um Designende zu inspirieren, kreislaufgerechte Produkte zu entwerfen und am Markt zu positionieren. In Bezug auf diese Prinzipien wird die Relevanz von offen angelegten Workshops aufgezeigt und dass praxisorientierte Prinzipien eine geeignete Handlungsumgebung benötigen, um Wirksamkeit zu entfalten – wie etwa die Fab City-Bewegung.
The Roles of Makerspaces for Facilitating Open-Source Hardware Development
Authors: Hofer Margit , Hassan Mehera , Mies Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile free and open-source software has become a mature concept, open-source co-creation and sharing of hardware comes with the need for organizing a much more diverse set of disciplines and capabilities. A steadily growing number of companies develop open-source hardware (OSH) products based on the existing body of free technological knowledge today, with many of them manufactured in their own vicinity which in turn improves resource productivity and social benefits. Fab labs/makerspaces as openly accessible facilities with local communities of makers have the potential to act as catalysts to mature and disseminate OSH development collaboratively. In the Horizon 2020 project OPENNEXT, 17 case studies were implemented in four clusters where makerspaces worked together with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for a limited time to provide new pathways for OSH co-creation and sharing. Various consumer goods industries, such as electronics, furniture, and mobility amongst others, were in focus. Different roles within the development process emerged from this SME-makerspace-cooperation for OSH that will need to be upscaled and elaborated by makerspaces.
Transitioning to a Fab City: A Governance Perspective
Authors: Wildhack Anna , Koppe Jana , Knieling Jörg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the authors consider the implementation and design of a Fab City as an urban transformation model from the perspective of transition governance. The Fab City approach requires a high degree of cooperation and coordination between a variety of actors in the city system. Transition research provides insights into the nature of transformation processes, who is driving them and how, and, thus, makes analysis of these processes and practical recommendations for possible action. Using Hamburg as a case study, this paper discusses insights from transition governance research for the governance setting of a Fab City. For this purpose, the transition management model, an operational, action-oriented approach from the transformation literature, is presented, which offers clues as to how transformation processes can be promoted and co-designed.
Unser Blick auf den Status quo
Authors: Marzi Thomas , Renner Manfred 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Ausmaß, in dem technisch-ökonomische Entwicklungen in den letzten Jahrhunderten die Welt verändert haben, ist schlichtweg atemberaubend. Menschen stehen heute Möglichkeiten offen, die ihre Vorfahren sich nicht mal vorstellen konnten. Dieses Wunder hat jedoch seinen Preis. Es kostet immer mehr Ressourcen, verursacht wachsende Emissionen und führt dazu, dass ein immer größer werdender Teil der Welt von Menschen zur Deckung ihrer Bedürfnisse in Anspruch genommen wird, während anderen Arten immer weniger Lebensraum zur Verfügung steht.
Natürliche, technische und ökonomische Systeme
Authors: Marzi Thomas , Renner Manfred 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie meisten Konzepte der Circular Economy und Bioökonomie beschreiben die Natur als „Ökosystem“ oder „Biosphäre“ und den menschlichen Wirkungsbereich als „Technosphäre“ oder „Wirtschaftssystem. Damit grenzen sie die Natur sprachlich von einem anderen Bereich ab und vertreten, zumindest was den Status quo betrifft, eine bedeutungslogische Naturauslegung, die zwischen Kultur und Natur differenziert. Die verschiedenen Bereiche werden, wie die o. g. Begriffe zeigen, als Systeme gedacht. Der Systembegriff ist somit ein wichtiger Baustein im Weltbild der Circular Economy und Bioökonomie.
Epilog
Authors: Grüny Christian 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungAm Eingang zur Ausstellung wird der Besucher von einer Art Zeremonienmeister empfangen, der nach seinem Namen fragt und diesen dann laut in den Ausstellungsraum ruft – ich bin als Gast anerkannt und angekündigt und betrete den Innenraum. Der Einstieg ist ein wenig manieriert, aber die Art der Markierung des Eintretens trifft den Charakter des Ganzen. Man betritt einen Raum, dem man nun für eine Zeit angehört, so wie alle anderen; allerdings nicht im etwas pathetischen Sinne einer temporären Gemeinschaft, sondern eher in einem losen Mit- oder Nebeneinander, in dem reale Interaktion und gegenseitiges Desinteresse gleichermaßen zugelassen sind. Die Ausstellung, die ich betreten habe, ist die zweite Station der ersten großen Retrospektive von Pierre Hyughe 2014 im Museum Ludwig in Köln. Sie soll hier im Hinblick auf ihre raumzeitliche Artikulation betrachtet werden.