bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Direction Splitting Schemes for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Chen Lizhen , Shen Jie , Xu Chuanju 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe propose and analyze spectral direction splitting schemes for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The schemes combine a Legendre-spectral method for the spatial discretization and a pressure-stabilization/direction splitting scheme for the temporal discretization, leading to a sequence of one-dimensional elliptic equations at each time step while preserving the same order of accuracy as the usual pressure-stabilization schemes. We prove that these schemes are unconditionally stable, and present numerical results which demonstrate the stability, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed methods.
SEMANTIC IMAGE ANALYSIS USING A SYMBOLIC NEURAL ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Kollia Ilianna , Simou Nikolaos , Stafylopatis Andreas , Kollias Stefanos 
Published: July 2011

Image segmentation and classification are basic operations in image analysis and multimedia search which have gained great attention over the last few years due to the large increase of digital multimedia content. A recent trend in image analysis aims at incorporating symbolic knowledge representation systems and machine learning techniques. In this paper, we examine interweaving of neural network classifiers and fuzzy description logics for the adaptation of a knowledge base for semantic image analysis. The proposed approach includes a formal knowledge component, which, assisted by a reasoning engine, generates the a-priori knowledge for the image analysis problem. This knowledge is transferred to a kernel based connectionist system, which is then adapted to a specific application field through extraction and use of MPEG-7 image descriptors. Adaptation of the knowledge base can be achieved next. Combined segmentation and classification of images, or video frames, of summer holidays, is the field used to illustrate the good performance of the proposed approach.
Does obesity predict knee pain over fourteen years in women, independently of radiographic changes?
Authors: Goulston Lyndsey M. , Kiran A. , Javaid M. K. , Soni A. , White K. M. , Hart D. J. , Spector T. D. , Arden N. K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine longitudinal patterns in body mass index (BMI) over 14 years and its association with knee pain in the Chingford Study.MethodsWe studied a total of 594 women with BMI data from clinic visits at years (Y) 1, 5, 10, and 15. Knee pain at Y15 was assessed by questionnaire. Associations between BMI over 14 years and knee pain at Y15 were examined using logistic regression.ResultsBMI significantly increased from Y1 to Y15 (P < 0.0005) with medians (interquartile ranges) of 24.5 kg/m2 (22.5–27.2 kg/m2) and 26.5 kg/m2 (23.9–30.1 kg/m2), respectively. At Y15, 45.1% of subjects had knee pain. A greater BMI at Y1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.05–1.69), at Y15 (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10–1.61), and change in BMI over 15 years (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.00–1.93) were significant predictors of knee pain at Y15 (P < 0.05). BMI change was associated with bilateral (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.05–1.76, P = 0.024) but not unilateral knee pain (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.73–1.76, P = 0.298). The association between BMI change and knee pain was independent of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA). The strength of association between BMI and knee pain at Y15 was similar during followup measurements.ConclusionOver 14 years, a higher BMI predicts knee pain at Y15 in women, independently of radiographic knee OA. When adjusted, the association was significant in bilateral, not unilateral, knee pain, suggesting alternative pathologic mechanisms may exist. The longitudinal effect of BMI on knee pain at Y15 is equally important at any time point, which may assist reducing the population burden of knee pain.
The internal model principle for periodic disturbances with rapidly time‐varying frequencies
Authors: Kinney C. E. , de Callafon R. A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we study the limitations of scheduling an internal model to reject disturbances with a time‐varying frequency. Hence, any adaptive method that uses scheduling and frequency estimation is also limited in the same manner. The limitations of scheduling are to investigate by posing and solving the problem of rejecting periodic disturbances from a multichannel system when the frequencies of the periodic disturbances are changing rapidly in time by designing an scheduled controller that satisfies the internal model principle. The periodic disturbances are modeled by a sum of sinusoids and the frequencies of the disturbances are used for scheduling the controller. It is shown that a controller that regulates input additive disturbances may not regulate the same disturbances added to the output of the system. This is in contrast to the classical case where the frequency of the disturbances is constant. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Writing of Polycaprolactone Polymer for Potential Biomedical Engineering Applications
Authors: Rasekh Manoochehr , Ahmad Zeeshan , Day Richard , Wickam Abeni , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTopography, which in this paper includes the surface features and the features themselves, is a crucial physical cue for cells, influencing cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation and should be considered when designing biomedical architectures. A new technique using electrohydrodynamic (EH) print‐patterning is described that generates ordered topographies using proven biomaterials and composites. Coupling this method with solvent evaporation techniques, desirable scaffold properties can be achieved. To demonstrate this, various solutions of polycaprolactone (PCL) and its composites (using nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHA)) have been selected to generate topographic and 3D structures. Electrically driven patterning of the polymer is achievable and can be used to deposit fine (<5 µm) ordered structures, according to a predetermined architecture via a computer with control on porosity and bioactivity. The results from this study indicate that this method to deposit bioactive structures with morphology control will offer great potential in biomedical engineering.
Microstructure and Nanoscale Piezoelectric/Ferroelectric Properties in La2Ti2O7 Thin Films Grown on (110)‐Oriented Doped Nb:SrTiO3 Substrates
Authors: Shao Zhenmian , Saitzek Sébastien , Roussel Pascal , Ferri Anthony , Bruyer Émilie , Sayede Adlane , Rguiti Mohamed , Mentré Olivier , Desfeux Rachel 
Published: July 2011

Abstract(00l)‐Oriented La2Ti2O7 (LTO) thin films with monoclinic perovskite‐layer structure [a = 7.806(2) Å, b = 5.552(3) Å, c = 13.015(5) Å, β = 98.62(2)°] have been grown by a sol–gel route on conducting (110)‐oriented doped Nb:SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. The narrow rocking curves (0.24° width for 004LTO peak) demonstrate the sharp mosaïcity of the films. Using high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction (HR‐XRD), epitaxial relationships between the LTO, and the STO substrate are given. In addition, HR‐XRD evidences the existence of (212)‐oriented crystallites 1.5° disoriented with respect to the plane of the substrate. We confirm, by DFT calculations, that the polarization vector lies in the b‐axis of the LTO cell and consequently, the existence of these (212)‐oriented crystallites enables to explain the origin of the various contrasts observed both on the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane images when collected by piezoresponse force microscopy. Finally, both successful poling experiments performed via the tip of atomic force microscope and the existence of local piezoloops within the domains, unambiguously confirm the ferroelectric state of the films at the nanoscale level. Once again, this study demonstrates that a clear understanding of nanoscale piezoelectric/ferroelectric phenomena in oriented thin films passes through a carefully structural analysis as performed by HR‐XRD.
Organic Resistive Memory Devices: Performance Enhancement, Integration, and Advanced Architectures
Authors: Cho Byungjin , Song Sunghun , Ji Yongsung , Kim Tae‐Wook , Lee Takhee 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn recent years, organic resistive memory devices in which active organic materials possess at least two stable resistance states have been extensively investigated for their promising memory potential. From the perspective of device fabrication, their advantages include simple device structures, low fabrication costs, and printability. Furthermore, their exceptional electrical performances such as a nondestructive reading process, nonvolatility, a high ON/OFF ratio, and a fast switching speed meet the requirements for viable memory technologies. Full understanding of the underlying physics behind the interesting phenomena is still challenging. However, many studies have provided useful insights into scientific and technical issues surrounding organic resistive memory. This Feature Article begins with a summary on general characteristics of the materials, device structures, and switching mechanisms used in organic resistive devices. Strategies for performance enhancement, integration, and advanced architectures in these devices are also presented, which may open a way toward practically applicable organic memory devices.
Self‐Assembled SERS Substrates with Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonances
Authors: Lee Wonjoo , Lee Seung Yong , Briber Robert M. , Rabin Oded 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe fabrication of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates that are optimized for use with specific laser wavelength–analyte combinations is addressed. In order to achieve large signal enhancement, temporal stability, and reproducibility over large substrate areas at low cost, only self‐assembly and templating processes are employed. The resulting substrates consist of arrays of gold nanospheres with controlled diameter and spacing, properties that dictate the optical response of the structure. Tunability of the extended surface plasmon resonance is observed in the range of 520–1000 nm. It is demonstrated that the enhancement factor is maximized when the surface plasmon resonance is red‐shifted with respect to the SERS instrument laser line. Despite relying on self‐organization, site‐to‐site enhancement factor variations smaller than 10% are obtained.
Bubble behavior in corrugated‐wall bubbling fluidized beds—Experiments and CFD simulations
Authors: Wardag A. N. Khan , Larachi F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new concept to harness bubble dynamics in bubbling fluidization of Geldart D particles was proposed. Various geometrical declinations of a cold‐prototype corrugated‐wall bubbling fluidized bed were compared at different flow rates (Ug) to conventional flat‐wall fluidized bed using high‐speed digital image analysis. Hydrodynamic studies were carried out to appraise the effect of triangular‐shaped wall corrugation on incipient fluidization, bubble coalescence (size and frequency), bubble rise velocity, and pressure drop. Bubble size and rise velocity in corrugated‐wall beds were appreciably lower, at given Ug/Umb, than in flat‐wall beds with equal flow cross‐sectional areas and initial bed heights. The decrease (increase) in size (frequency) of bubbles during their rise was sustained by their periodic breakups while protruding through the necks between corrugated plates. Euler‐Euler transient full three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamic simulations helped shape an understanding of the impact of corrugation geometry on lowering the minimum bubbling fluidization and improving gas distribution. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Utility of positron emission tomography scans in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Hosein Peter J. , Pastorini Vitor H. , Paes Fabio M. , Eber Daryl , Chapman Jennifer R. , Serafini Aldo N. , Alizadeh Ash A. , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) scans are widely used in patients with lymphoma but little is known about their utility in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). MCL patients were included from two prospective trials and one observational study at our institution. A total of 276 PET scans were performed among 52 patients. After a median follow‐up of 37.5 months, the 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 73% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61–85%) and 92% (95% CI 85–100%), respectively. There were 34 pretreatment PET scans, 26 interim, 28 end‐of‐treatment, 162 surveillance, and 26 scans at relapse or beyond. Pretreatment PETs were positive in 94%. A negative interim or end‐of‐therapy PET scan was not significantly associated with better EFS or OS, but no deaths were observed in patients who had a negative interim or end‐of‐therapy PET. Surveillance PET scans had a high false positive rate (35%) and low positive predictive value (8%). PET scans contributed to an earlier diagnosis of relapse in only two out of the 18 patients (11%) who relapsed. PET scans did not meaningfully contribute to staging or surveillance of MCL patients in this study. There was a trend toward improved survival in patients who had a negative end‐of‐therapy PET scan. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duplication of the STS region in males is a benign copy‐number variant
Authors: Furrow Aubry , Theisen Aaron , Velsher Lea , Bawle Erawati V. , Sastry Sujatha , Mendelsohn Nancy J. , Jarvis Kristi , Shaffer Lisa G. , Chitayat David 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCopy‐number variants (CNVs) are a common finding in the human genome, with copy gains occurring at a higher frequency than losses in several databases of genomic variants in normal individuals. Copy gains of the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene have been seen in both males and females. Although deletion of STS in males is known to cause X‐linked ichthyosis, the clinical significance of STS copy gains is less clear, with the duplication reported in individuals with abnormal phenotypes and normal relatives. We identified 72 males submitted to our laboratory for microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization with duplications in the STS region (chrX:6,465,812–8,093,195). In 40 (56%) patients, maternal blood was available, and the duplication was found to be inherited from the patient's apparently phenotypically normal mother in each of the 40 patients. We also identified three females who inherited a duplication of the STS region from phenotypically normal fathers, and a phenotypically normal uncle who had the same duplication as his nephews. In the remaining cases the inheritance could not be confirmed owing to lack of parental samples available for testing. Of the 72 subjects, 10 (14%) had an additional CNV elsewhere in the genome known to be clinically significant and likely causative of the patient's presenting symptoms. Based on the frequency with which duplications have been identified in clinically normal and abnormal individuals, we suggest a gain of STS in males is a population variant and unlikely to be clinically significant. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X‐linked mental retardation with alacrima and achalasia—Triple A syndrome or a new syndrome?
Authors: Marom Daphna , Albin Adi , Schwartz Charles , Har‐Zahav Adi , Straussberg Rachel , Bartel Frank , Birk Efrat , Inbar Dov , Basel‐Vanagaite Lina 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe describe a consanguineous Israeli Arab kindred with five males in two interrelated families with intellectual disabilities, alacrima, achalasia, and mild autonomic dysfunction. Adrenal function is normal. Their phenotype is similar to the phenotype observed in autosomal recessive Triple A syndrome except for the presence of mental retardation in all affected individuals. The pedigree is compatible with either X‐linked or autosomal recessive inheritance. Sequencing of the AAAS gene causing autosomal recessive Triple A syndrome did not reveal mutations. Genotyping of affected family members identified a 16.4 Mb continuous segment of identical alleles shared by the patients between markers rs2748314 and rs5906782 on Xp11.23‐p21, establishing linkage to chromosome X. This study further confirms genetic heterogeneity in Triple A syndrome and points to a clinically different subtype including significant cognitive impairment. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Facile functionalization of isotactic polypropylene by azide and alkyne groups for click chemistry application
Authors: Zhang Chuanhui , Niu Hui , Dong Jin‐Yong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper presents two facile methods to achieve functionalization of isotactic polypropylene (i‐PP) by azide and alkyne groups. One method comprises metallocene‐catalyzed isospecific propylene polymerization with dialkylzinc as chain transfer agent to produce iodo‐terminated i‐PP, which can be transformed to azide‐terminated i‐PP. The other utilizes hydroxyl‐grafted i‐PP as a raw material to react with bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate and propargyl amine, generating grafted alkyne groups. Both approaches are effective, controllable and safe. The azide‐terminated and alkyne‐grafted i‐PP are readily applicable to click chemistry for construction of new i‐PP architecture, e.g. long‐chain branched i‐PP. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of activated carbon from furfural production waste and its application for water pollutants removal and gas separation
Authors: Sun Yong , Wei Jian , Yao Ming‐shun , Yang Gang 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTActivated carbon (ACs) was produced by chemical activation of industrial furfural production waste (FPW) by different chemical activators. The carbon (HP‐AC500) produced from pyrolysis of H3PO4‐FPW at 500 °C is microporous carbon with certain proportion of mesopores whose Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume could reach 751.8 m2/g and 0.63 mL/g, respectively. The carbon (ZN‐AC600) produced from pyrolysis of ZnCl2‐FPW at 600 °C is essentially microporous carbon whose BET surface area and pore volume could reach 1143 m2/g and 0.61 mL/g, respectively. ZN‐AC600 carbon shows better performance in adsorbing phenol with its maximum monolayer adsorption capacity reaching 166 mg/g, while HP‐AC500 carbon shows its better performance in adsorbing Cr (VI) with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity reaching 27 mg/g. The adsorption model based on Unilan together with Clausius‐Clapeyron equation provides a satisfactory representation for low‐pressure CO2, CH4, N2 adsorption on ZN‐AC600 and HP‐AC500, respectively. Both equilibrium and kinetic results show that the HP‐AC500 carbon has better CO2 separation performance. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of bubble size distribution in a bubble column reactor using artificial neural network
Authors: Amiri Sahar , Mehrnia Mohammad Reza , Barzegari Davood , Yazdani Aryan 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn the present study, bubble size distribution (BSD) within a bubble column reactor was modeled using an artificial neural network (ANN). The fluids tested in the bubble column consisted of 11 different oil mixtures, each containing two different oils. Pure water was also tested. BSD was determined for various superficial gas velocities by photographing the state of the fluid. It was found that bubble size as well as distribution depended on parameters, such as gas flow rate, liquid properties, sparger pore diameter and distance from the sparger in the column. The proposed ANN model is based on more than 4500 data points collected for BSD estimation. Through statistical testing, it was found that the model has a correlation coefficient greater than 70% and upon experimental testing was found to better predict BSD than currently used correlations found in the literature. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kenaf‐bast‐fiber‐filled biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) composites: Effects of fiber loading, fiber length, and maleated poly(butylene succinate) on the flexural and impact properties
Authors: Thirmizir M. Z. Ahmad , Ishak Z. A. Mohd , Taib R. M. , Rahim S. , Jani S. Mohamad 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPoly(butylene succinate) (PBS) filled kenaf bast fiber (KBF) composites were fabricated via compression molding. The effects of KBF loading on the flexural and impact properties of the composites were investigated for fiber loadings of 10–40 wt %. The optimum flexural strength of the composites was achieved at 30 wt % fiber loading. However, the flexural modulus of the composites kept increasing with increasing fiber loading. Increasing the fiber loading led to a drop in the impact strength of about 57.5–73.6%; this was due to the stiff nature of the KBF. The effect of the fiber length (5, 10, 15, and 20 mm) on the flexural and impact properties was investigated for the 30 wt % KBF loaded composites. The composites with 10‐mm KBF showed the highest flexural and impact properties in comparison to the others. The inferior flexural and impact strength of the composites with 15‐ and 20‐mm KBF could be attributed to the relatively longer fibers that underwent fiber attrition during compounding, which consequently led to the deterioration of the fiber. This was proven by analyses of the fiber length, diameter, and aspect ratio. The addition of maleated PBS as a compatibilizer resulted in the enhancement of the composite's flexural and impact properties due to the formation of better fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion. This was proven by scanning electron microscopy observations of the composites' fracture surfaces. The removal of unreacted maleic anhydride and dicumyl peroxide residuals from the compatibilizers led to better fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion and a slightly enhanced composite strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Conferring polytetrafluoroethylene micropowders with hydrophilicity using dopamine chemistry and the application as water‐based lubricant additive
Authors: Zhang Hong , Hu Haiyuan , Ye Weichun , Zhou Feng 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe hydrophilicity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) micropowders was easily achieved by modifying the surface with thin polydopamine(Pdop) layer deposited through spontaneous oxidative polymerization of dopamine. Compared with the pure PTFE, the Pdop modified PTFE(PTFE@Pdop) possesses excellent hydrophilic property such as low active ratio, and good dispersivity in water. The quantity of coating and the surface amphiphilic properties were readily controlled by adjusting the deposition time. The tribological properties of the as‐prepared PTFE@Pdop micropowders as additives in water were evaluated. The results confirmed that the PTFE@Pdop exhibited good antiwear and friction reduction properties even under low concentration in water. The simplicity of the method makes large‐scale production of hydrophilic PTFE possible and may be extended as a powerful route for modification of other organic solid lubricating materials that can be exploited as water‐based lubricant additives. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011