bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Holstein cow milk and serum proteins during intramammary infection with three different strains of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kim Yunee , Atalla Heba , Mallard Bonnie , Robert Claude , Karrow Niel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureusis one of the most prevalent pathogens to cause mastitis in dairy cattle. Intramammary infection of dairy cows withS. aureusis often subclinical, due to the pathogen's ability to evade the innate defense mechanisms, but this can lead to chronic infection. A sub-population ofS. aureus, known as small colony variant (SCV), displays atypical phenotypic characteristics, causes persistent infections, and is more resistant to antibiotics than parent strains. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the host immune response will be different for SCV than its parental or typical strains ofS. aureus. In this study, the local and systemic immune protein responses to intramammary infection with three strains ofS. aureus, including a naturally occurring bovine SCV strain (SCV Heba3231), were characterized. Serum and casein-depleted milk cytokine levels (interleukin-8, interferon-γ, and transforming growth factor-β1), as well as serum haptoglobin concentrations were monitored over time after intramammary infection with each of the threeS. aureusstrains. Furthermore, comparative proteomics was used to evaluate milk proteome profiles during acute and chronic phases ofS. aureusintramammary infection.ResultsSerum IL-8, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1 responses differed in dairy cows challenged with different strains ofS. aureus. Changes in overall serum haptoglobin concentrations were observed for eachS. aureuschallenge group, but there were no significant differences observed between groups. In casein-depleted milk, strain-specific differences in the host IFN-γ response were observed, but inducible IL-8 and TGF-β1 concentrations were not different between groups. Proteomic analysis of the milk following intramammary infection revealed unique host protein expression profiles that were dependent on the infecting strain as well as phase of infection. Notably, the protein, component-3 of the proteose peptone (CPP3), was differentially expressed between theS. aureustreatment groups, implicating it as a potential antimicrobial peptide involved in host defense againstS. aureusintramammary infection.ConclusionsIntramammary infection of dairy cattle withS. aureuscauses an up-regulation of serum and milk immune-related proteins, and these responses vary depending on the infecting strain.
Long-term results after Boston brace treatment in late-onset juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Lange Johan Emil , Steen Harald , Gunderson Ragnhild , Brox Jens Ivar 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
It is recommended that research in patients with idiopathic scoliosis should focus on short- and long-term patient-centred outcome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate outcome in patients with late-onset juvenile or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 16 years or more after Boston brace treatment.

Methods
272 (78%) of 360 patients, 251 (92%) women, responded to follow-up examination at a mean of 24.7 (range 16 - 32) years after Boston brace treatment. Fifty-eight (21%) patients had late-onset juvenile and 214 had adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. All patients had clinical and radiological examination and answered a standardised questionnaire including work status, demographics, General Function Score (GFS) (100 - worst possible) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (100 - worst possible), EuroQol (EQ-5D) (1 - best possible), EQ-VAS (100 - best possible), and Scoliosis Research Society - 22 (SRS - 22) (5 - best possible).

Results
The mean age at follow-up was 40.4 (31-48) years. The prebrace major curve was in average 33.2 (20 - 57)°. At weaning and at the last follow-up the corresponding values were 28.3 (1 - 58)° and 32.5 (7 - 80)°, respectively. Curve development was similar in patients with late-onset juvenile and adolescent start. The prebrace curve increased > 5° in 31% and decreased > 5° in 26%. Twenty-five patients had surgery. Those who did not attend follow-up (n = 88) had a lower mean curve at weaning: 25.4 (6-53)°. Work status was 76% full-time and 10% part-time. Eighty-seven percent had delivered a baby, 50% had pain in pregnancy. The mean (SD) GFS was 7.4 (10.8), ODI 9.3 (11.0), EQ-5D 0.82 (0.2), EQ-VAS 77.6 (17.8), SRS-22: pain 4.1 (0.8), mental health 4.1 (0.6), self-image 3.7 (0.7), function 4.0 (0.6), satisfaction with treatment 3.7 (1.0). Surgical patients had significantly reduced scores for SRS-physical function and self-image, and patients with curves ≥ 45° had reduced self-image.

Conclusion
Long-term results were satisfactory in most braced patients and similar in late-onset juvenile and idiopathic adolescent scoliosis.
Integrated safety in tocilizumab clinical trials
Authors: Schiff Michael H , Kremer Joel M , Jahreis Angelika , Vernon Emma , Isaacs John D , van Vollenhoven Ronald F 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Introduction

The efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been evaluated in a comprehensive phase 3 program. Patients from these randomized trials could receive tocilizumab treatment in open-label extension trials. Here, the long-term safety profile of tocilizumab, using pooled data from all of these trials, is reported.

Methods

Cumulative safety data (as of February 6, 2009) from five core phase 3 trials, two ongoing extension trials, and one clinical pharmacology study were analyzed. Two patient populations were evaluated: an all-control population (n = 4,199), which included all patients randomly assigned in the placebo-controlled portions of the five core studies, and an all-exposed population (n = 4,009), which included patients from any of the eight studies who received at least one dose of tocilizumab.

Results

Total exposure to tocilizumab was 8,580 patient years (PY), and total duration of observation was 9,414 PY. Overall adverse event (AE) and serious AE (SAE) rates were 278.2/100 PY and 14.4/100 PY, respectively. These events included serious infections (4.7/100 PY), opportunistic infections (0.23/100 PY), gastrointestinal perforations (0.28/100 PY), malignancy (1.1/100 PY), myocardial infarction (0.25/100 PY), and stroke (0.19/100 PY). The rates of SAEs and serious infections were stable over time; no increase with prolonged exposure was noted.

Conclusions

The longer-term safety profile of tocilizumab (mean treatment duration, 2.4 years) is consistent with that observed in the phase 3 studies (duration up to 1 year).
Judgements about deprivation of liberty made by various professionals: comparison study
Authors: Cairns Ruth , Brown Penelope , Grant-Peterkin Hugh , Khondoker Mizanur R. , Owen Gareth S. , Richardson Genevra , Szmukler George , Hotopf Matthew 
Published: September 2011

Aims and methodA group of lawyers, psychiatrists, best interest assessors and independent mental capacity advocates were asked to make binary judgements about whether real-life situations in 12 vignettes amounted to deprivation of liberty. Kappa coefficients were calculated to describe the level of agreement within each professional group and for the total group of professionals.ResultsThere was total agreement between all professionals about deprivation of liberty in only 1 of the 12 cases. The overall level of agreement for judgements made by all professionals was ‘slight’ (κ=0.16, P < 0.01).Clinical implicationsThere are practical difficulties involved in making reliable deprivation of liberty judgements within the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS) legislation. A clear interpretation of deprivation of liberty is necessary to facilitate professionals' decision-making in this area.
Preoperative Insulin Resistance and the Impact of Feeding on Postoperative Protein Balance: A Stable Isotope Study
Authors: Donatelli Francesco , Corbella Davide , Di Nicola Marta , Carli Franco , Lorini Luca , Fumagalli Roberto , Biolo Gianni 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Context:
Major surgery induces a catabolic state resulting in a net loss of body protein.

Objectives:
Our objective was to compare protein metabolism before and after surgery in nondiabetic patients with and without preoperative insulin resistance (IR). It was hypothesized that the anabolic response to feeding would be significantly impaired in those patients with preoperative insulin resistance.

Design:
A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp has been used to identify two groups of patients: IR and insulin sensitive (IS). A tracer kinetics technique has been used to evaluate the metabolic response to food intake in both groups.

Setting:
Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass participated.

Patients or Other Participants:
Ten IS patients and 10 IR patients were enrolled in the study.

Intervention:
After an overnight fasting, a 3-h infusion of a solution composed of 20% glucose and of amino acids at a rate of 0.67 and 0.44 kcal/kg · h, respectively, was started in each group. Phenylalanine kinetics were studied at the end of fasting and feeding.

Main Outcome Measure:
Effect of feeding on protein balance before and after surgery was evaluated. Protein balance has been measured as the net difference of protein breakdown minus protein synthesis.

Results:
Protein balance increase after postoperative feeding was blunted only in the IR group. In contrast, in the IS group, the postoperative anabolic effect of feeding was the same as before surgery.

Conclusions:
These findings propose a link between insulin resistance and protein metabolism. When non-IR patients are fed, a significant anabolic effect in the postoperative period is demonstrated. In contrast, IR patients are less able to use feeding for synthetic purposes.
Measuring NHS performance 1990–2009 using amenable mortality: interpret with care
Authors: Desai Monica , Nolte Ellen , Karanikolos Marina , Khoshaba Bernadette , McKee Martin 
Published: September 2011

Objectives The new performance framework for the NHS in England will assess how well health services are preventing people from dying prematurely, based on the concept of mortality amenable to healthcare. We ask how the different parts of the UK would be assessed had this measure been in use over the past two decades, a period that began with somewhat lower levels of health expenditure in England and Wales than in Scotland and Northern Ireland but which, after 1999, saw the gap closing. Design We assessed the change in age-standardized death rates in England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland in two time periods: 1990–1999 and 1999–2009. Mortality data by five-year age group, sex and cause of death for the years 1990 to 2009 were analysed using age-standardized death rates from causes considered amenable to healthcare. The absolute change was assessed by fitting linear regression and the relative change was estimated as the average annual percent decline for the two periods. Setting United Kingdom. Participants Not applicable. Main outcome measures Mortality from causes amenable to healthcare. Results Between 1990 and 1999 deaths amenable to medical care had been falling more slowly in England and Wales than in Scotland and Northern Ireland. However the rate of decline in England and Wales increased after 1999 when funding of the NHS there increased. Examination of individual causes of death reveals a complex picture, with some improvements, such as in breast cancer deaths, occurring simultaneously across the UK, reflecting changes in diagnosis and treatment that took place in each nation at the same time, while others varied. Conclusions Amenable mortality is a useful indicator of health system performance but there are many methodological issues that must be taken into account when interpreting it once it is adopted for routine use in England.
Drug-Induced Exanthem Following Dabigatran
Authors: Whitehead Heather , Boyd J Michael , Blais Danielle M , Hummel John 
Published: September 2011

Objective: To report an incident of a drug-induced exanthem during treatment with dabigatran in a patient without prior exposure to the drug. Case Summary: A 20-year-old white male was prescribed oral dabigatran 150 mg twice daily for thromboembolic prevention because of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. After 2 weeks of dabigatran therapy, a raised, pruritic, erythematous rash developed on the patient's inner thigh and forearm. Upon discontinuation of dabigatran and initiation of oral corticosteroid treatment, the rash resolved. Dabigatran therapy was not readministered and thromboembolic prevention therapy with warfarin was instituted. Discussion: The clinical evidence for efficacy of dabigatran was derived largely from the RE-LY trial, which provided an open-label comparison with warfarin for the reduction of stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The most frequent adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of dabigatran were bleeding and gastrointestinal events. In the RE-LY study, drug hypersensitivity, allergic edema, anaphylactic reaction, and anaphylactic shock were reported in <0.1% of patients receiving dabigatran. Despite the low incidence of hypersensitivity reported in the RE-LY trial, the use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a probable relationship between the rash and dabigatran therapy in this patient. Conclusions: Upon initiation of dabigatran therapy, surveillance for hypersensitivity reactions should be included as part of routine drug monitoring.
Tissues Involved in Sex Pheromone Production in Phyllophaga obsoleta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae)
Authors: Romero-López Angel A , Arzuffi René , Valdez Jorge , Sánchez-Espíndola Esther , Morón Miguel A 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Females of Phyllophaga obsoleta (Blanchard) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) perform “sexual calling” with their protractile genital chamber (PGC) exposed to release substances that attract males. Histological aspects of the PGC and accessory glands (AGs) of P. obsoleta females were studied. Studies with light microscope and transmission electron microscope revealed exocrine tissue in the posterior section of the PGC, where it might be producing the attractants. This epithelial gland is formed by a basement membrane, a hypodermis for substance production, secretion, and transport (cells, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and presence of folds in the plasma membrane), as well as evidence of the substance to be secreted to the outside (connecting cuticular pores to plasma membrane). Histological similarities between AG types I and II were observed, although only the PGC had properties of class I cells. These results suggest that the posterior section of the P. obsoleta PGC is involved in sex pheromone production.
Diptera-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification Primers of use in Molecular Phylogenetic Research
Authors: Gibson Joel F , Kelso Scott , Jackson Morgan D , Kits Joel H , Miranda Gil F G , Skevington Jeffrey H 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
DNA sequence data from a variety of mitochondrial and nuclear gene regions are significant components of phylogenetic research in entomology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification primers for many gene regions have been developed that are specific to a range of dipteran groups. Here, we review the existing Diptera-specific PCR amplification primers that have been published for 11 mitochondrial and nuclear gene regions: 12S small ribosomal subunit, cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase c subunit I, 28S ribosomal RNA, alanyl-tRNA synthetase, the carbamoyl phosphate synthase region of CAD, elongation factor-1α, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, white, and wingless. We also have designed in total 94 new PCR amplification primers for use in these same gene regions. Our new primers have been developed and tested using our DNA sequence database of &gt; 1,600 specimens representing 40 families of Diptera. All of the past and newly developed primer sequences are presented in tables, and their locations are shown on gene maps. This combined data will facilitate future molecular phylogenetic research within Diptera.
Notes on Biology and Behavior of Rhinoceros BeetleEnema pan(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)
Authors: Puker Anderson , Rodrigues Sérgio R , Tiago Elison F , Ide Sergio , Fuhrmann Juares 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDynastinae beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are important due to their role in recycling plant material and promoting nutrient turnover. However, some species are phytophagous and can attack crop plants, thus becoming pests. Here, we provide information on the biology and behavior of the rhinoceros beetle Enema pan (F.) (Oryctini), an abundant species in the area of Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Adults were collected with a light trap deployed daily from January 2006 to December 2007 in the experimental farm of the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (Aquidauana campus). Adults were maintained in plastic containers and observations were made daily. Temporal distribution of adults of E. pan occurred in September and October (2006) and from October to December (2007). Flight started at 1930 hours and ended at 2330 hours. Twenty-four eggs (3.28 mm in length by 2.32 mm in width) with a whitish color were ovipositioned directly in to the soil. Adult longevity averaged 22.0 d in the laboratory conditions. Cephalic horn length, body length, and width of E. pan males are greater than those of females. The weight of adults of both sexes was similar. Cephalic horn length of the males of E. pan was positively correlated with his body size. Mating occurred between 0800 and 1030 hours and lasted on average 18.1 min in the laboratory. Several fights among males and other behaviors involving males and females were observed and are reported.
Redescription of Prorhinotermes japonicus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from Taiwan
Authors: Li Hou-Feng , Lan Yen-Chiu , Su Nan-Yao 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The winged imago of Prorhinotermes japonicus (Holmgren 1912) is described herein for the first time. The soldier caste and two morphs of the neotenic caste also are redescribed. Based on the similar morphology of soldier, alate and neotenic, two Chinese species, Prorhinotermes xishaensisLi & Tsai 1976 and Prorhinotermes hainanensisPing & Xu 1989, are reverted to junior synonyms of P. japonicus. The current distribution of P. japonicus includes tropical islands surrounding the northern part of the South China Sea. Another Chinese species, Prorhinotermes spectabilisPing & Xu 1989 from Yunnan Province and two Philippines species, Prorhinotermes tibiaoensis (Oshima 1920) and Prorhinotermes gracilisLight 1921, were compared and included in discussion.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia
Authors: Baumwart Chad A. , Doherty Tom J. , Schumacher James , Willis Rebekah S. , Adair Henry S. , Rohrbach Barton W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effectiveness of preinduction hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in ameliorating signs of experimentally induced endotoxemia in horses.
Animals—18 healthy adult horses.
Procedures—Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 equal-sized treatment groups to receive normobaric ambient air and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HBOT and LPS, or HBOT and physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Horses were physically examined, and blood was obtained for a CBC and to determine concentration or activity of plasma tissue necrosis factor-α, blood lactate, and blood glucose before the horses were treated with HBOT and then intermittently for 6 hours after administration of LPS or physiologic saline solution.
Results—All LPS-treated horses developed signs and biochemical and hematologic changes consistent with endotoxemia. Treatment with HBOT significantly ameliorated the effect of LPS on clinical endotoxemia score but did not significantly improve other abnormalities associated with endotoxemia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The protective effect of HBOT was minimal, and results did not support its use as a treatment for horses prior to development of endotoxemia.
An Application of Discriminant Functions to the Problem of Predicting Brain Damage Using Behavioral Variables
Authors: Wheeler Lawrence , Burke Cletus J. , Reitan Ralph M. 
Published: September 2011

Discriminant functions were applied to 24 behavioral indices from each of 140 individuals tested in the Neuropsychology Laboratory, Indiana University Medical Center. The scores came from 11 Wechsler subtests, 11 Halstead subtests, and 2 Trail Making tests. Comparisons were made between 61 non-brain-damaged control Ss and 79 Ss showing any of several kinds of cerebral damage on the basis of criteria resulting from independent neurological examination. These 79 were subdivided and compared with the controls as follows: (a) 25 Ss with damage of the left cerebral hemisphere, (b) 31 Ss with damage of the right hemisphere, (c) 23 Ss with diffuse, bilateral involvement. Also the 25 left-damaged and the 31 right-damaged Ss were compared. The discriminant function in each comparison produced a single weighted score per S, an optimum, least-squares type of separation between the two groups. The resulting distributions of summed, weighted scores in each comparison were inspected for the point of minimum overlap. An individual's weighted score, falling above or below this point, categorized him as belonging to one group or the other. These assignments, when compared with the criterion assignments of Ss to groups, were expressed as percentages of correct predictions: controls versus all categories of cerebral damage, 90.7%; controls versus left damage, 93.0%; controls versus right damage, 92.4%; controls versus diffuse damage, 98.8%, and right versus left damage, 92.9%. Several other indices were examined for percentages of correct prediction, but the discriminant function was superior in all comparisons. A cross-validation study is now in press (6).
Affect Levels in Another Platoon of Basic Trainees
Authors: Datel William E. , Engle Elizabeth O. 
Published: September 2011

In replicating an earlier field study (Datel, et al., 1966), the weekly form of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (W-MAACL) was administered 9 times to a platoon of recruits ( N = 43) from beginning to end of the basic combat training (BCT) cycle. In comparing mean Dysphoria scale data from both studies, it was noted that upon entering the Reception Station both groups of Ss demonstrated nearly equivalent stress levels, both Dysphoria curves plotted over BCT time were roughly parabolic in shape, and both peaked at the same point in the training process. Analyses of variance revealed that scale scores again varied significantly with testing occasions and that affects interacted with occasions. It was suggested that Hostility may replace Anxiety over time, during BCT stress. Stress scores appeared higher in general than those in the first study and failed to return to baseline levels at the close of the cycle. Scale reliabilities were similar to previous findings. The more it changes, the more it's the same thing. Alphonse Karr, Les Guepes: Les Femmes