bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat pipes and nanofluids utilization for cooling photovoltaic panels: an application of hybrid machine learning and optimization models
Authors: Abdulrahman Aysar A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study explores the synergies between advanced cooling technologies and photovoltaic systems, seeking to improve their overall efficiency and contribute to the broader goal of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. To cool photovoltaic panels in more efficiently maner, understanding heat pipes, nanofluids, and panels interaction play key roles. For analysis and optimization, hybrid models of convolutional neural network (CNN) and firefly optimization algorithm are employed. The firefly optimization algorithm is used to optimize the thermosiphon heat pipe’s operational conditions, taking into account inputs such as the filling ratio, nanofluid concentration and panel angle. The study compared the predicted outcomes of a classic CNN model to laboratory experiments. While the CNN model was consistent with experimental findings, it struggled to predict high power values with precision. The proposed model improved high power value predictions by 4.05 W root mean square error (RMSE). The proposed model outperformed the classic CNN model for values greater than 50 W, with an RMSE of 3.95 W. The optimal values for the filling ratio, nanofluid concentration and panel angle were determined after optimization with the firefly algorithm. The research contributes to the advancement of renewable energy technologies and the optimization of photovoltaic panel cooling and energy production. Nanofluid with 1% mass concentration improves photovoltaic collector thermal efficiency due to its higher thermal conductivity coefficient. The photovoltaic collector’s electrical efficiency peaks in the morning, drops at noon due to temperature and radiation and recovers by morning. Electrical efficiency is best with nanofluid at 0.86%. Exergy efficiency closely matches electrical efficiency, with nanofluid at the optimal percentage achieving the highest efficiency and water cooling the lowest.
Short-term power load forecasting based on sparrow search algorithm-variational mode decomposition and attention-long short-term memory
Authors: Duan Qinwei , He Xiangzhen , Chao Zhu , Tang Xuchen , Li Zugang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To improve the forecasting accuracy of power load, the forecasting model based on sparrow search algorithm (SSA), variational mode decomposition (VMD), attention mechanism and long short-term memory (LSTM) was proposed. Firstly, SSA is used to optimize the number of decomposition and penalty factor in VMD and realize the decomposition operation of the initial data. Then, LSTM is used to predict each component, and on this basis, feature and temporal attention mechanisms are introduced. Feature attention mechanism is introduced to calculate the contribution rate of relevant input features in real time, and the feature weights are modified to avoid the limitations of traditional methods relying on the threshold of expert experience association rules. Temporal attention mechanism is applied to extract the historical key moments and improve the stability of the time series prediction effect. Finally, the final result is obtained by superimposing the prediction results of each component to complete the power load prediction. Practical examples show that, compared with other methods, the proposed model achieves the highest prediction accuracy, with an RMSE of 1.23, MAE of 0.99 and MAPE of 11.62%.
Research on decentralized resource operation optimization of virtual power plant with 5G base station
Authors: Ma Dongjuan , Liu Zehui , Guo Min , Jing Weizhe , Jing Feng , Li Rui , Yang Hua , Zheng Huiping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The extensive construction and promotion of 5G base stations (5GBSs) have led to a surge in communication energy consumption, as 5G energy consumption is about three to five times that of 4G. To reduce the energy consumption of 5GBS, this article incorporates 5GBS into power demand side management and proposes a flexible resource collaborative optimization method that integrates 5GBS with virtual power plants (VPPs). Firstly, starting from the basic structure of 5GBS, the adjustable potential of 5GBS and the paths for participating in VPP optimization were analyzed. Secondly, with the minimum operating cost as the optimization objective and considering the constraints of 5GBS and various decentralized resources, a demand side decentralized resource collaborative optimization model for VPP integrating 5GBS was established. This model can be solved using the Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm. The results indicate that the participation of 5GBS in power demand side management can reduce their comprehensive energy consumption and operating costs.
Analysis of the indoor thermal environment and livability of traditional residences in summer in Northeast Sichuan, China
Authors: Hou Chaoping , Gao Weijun , Gao Yanan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of the national economy, increasing attention has been given to the living environment in rural areas, especially indoor thermal and wind environments. This study conducted onsite measurements and questionnaire surveys during summer in the indoor environment of five villages in northeastern Sichuan. A total of 89 traditional residences were selected to investigate their fundamental characteristics, indoor thermal environment, humidity conditions and comfort levels. The results showed that when expressed as neutral temperature and humidity, the temperature difference was 1.35°C and the humidity difference was 8.14%. Local residents exhibited higher tolerance toward the local thermal and humidity environment compared to nonlocal volunteers, who displayed greater sensitivity toward it. In addition, local residents had a thermal comfort value of 0.03 and a thermal acceptance value of 1.16, whereas nonlocal volunteers had a thermal comfort value of 1.42 and a thermal acceptance value of −0.45.
Tumour-reactive plasma cells in antitumour immunity: current insights and future prospects
Authors: Chen Peng , Chu Yiwei , Liu Ronghua 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Tumour-reactive plasma cells (TRPCs) have been reported to be positively associated with the long-term survival of patients with various cancers. However, unlike tumour-specific antigen (TSA)-induced T cells which have precise effects against tumours, plasma cells require TSA to obtain specific responses. Therefore, the search for a TSA suitable for B-cell recognition is urgent. In this review, we discuss the functions of tumour-reactive plasma cells. Further, this review also explores the concept of screening for neoantigen-reactive plasma cells, drawing inspiration from T-cell screening methods. While challenges exist, such as epitope prediction and efficient screening, the development of novel techniques may lead to the discovery of highly specific plasma cells for adoptive cell therapy. In conclusion, tumour-reactive plasma cells are emerging as powerful players in cancer immunotherapy. Their ability to produce antibodies against a variety of antigens, especially neoantigens, opens new avenues for personalised treatments. Overcoming challenges in epitope prediction and screening will be crucial in harnessing the full potential of these plasma cells for the benefit of cancer patients.
High-throughput quantitative assessments of the chemical complementarity of celiac disease-related IGH CDR3s and a gliadin epitope
Authors: Jain Rahul , Bressler Max , Chobrutskiy Andrea , Chobrutskiy Boris I , Blanck George 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The long-term value of efficient antigen discovery includes gaining insights into the variety of potential cancer neoantigens, effective vaccines lacking adverse effects, and adaptive immune receptor (IR) targets for blocking adaptive IR-antigen interactions in autoimmunity. While the preceding goals have been partially addressed via big data approaches to HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-epitope binding, there has been little such progress in the big data setting for adaptive IR-epitope binding. This delay in progress for the latter is likely due to, among other things, the much more complicated adaptive IR repertoire in an individual compared to individual HLA alleles. Thus, results described here represent the application of an algorithm for efficient assessment of immunoglobulin heavy chain complementarity determining region-3 (IGH CDR3)-gliadin epitope interactions, with a focus on epitopes known to be associated with an immune response in celiac disease. The hydrophobic, chemical complementarity between celiac case IGH CDR3s and known celiac epitopes was found to be greater in comparison to the hydrophobic, chemical complementarity between the same celiac case IGH CDR3s and a series of control epitopes. Thus, the approaches indicated here likely offer guidance for the development of conveniently applied algorithms for antigen verification and discovery.
The Cooptation Dilemma: Explaining US Contestation of the Liberal Trade Order
Authors: Heinkelmann-Wild Tim , Kruck Andreas , Zangl Bernhard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile the United States (US) acted as a liberal hegemon in setting up the Liberal International Order (LIO), it is increasingly contesting the inclusive legacy institutions underpinning the LIO and is instead moving towards alternative, more exclusive institutions. Why is the US contesting the institutions it once set up to stabilize the LIO? We argue that hegemonic contestation is the result of a reactive sequence that is endogenous to cooptation-based orders where hegemons face a trade-off between inclusion and control. This Cooptation Dilemma is particularly pronounced in strongly institutionalized liberal (sub-)orders, such as the international trade regime. It unfolds in three stages: Privileging control, the liberal hegemon first creates exclusive institutions, which are likely to breed contestation by excluded states. To tame their contestation, the hegemon secondly includes previously excluded states into the order, making the previously exclusive institutions more and more inclusive. To compensate for the related control loss, the hegemon finally promotes alternative, more exclusive institutions, successively turning away from the inclusive legacy institutions. We demonstrate this reactive sequence by tracing the process that led to the US contestation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Our findings suggest that cooptation-based orders in general and strongly institutionalized liberal orders in particular are prone to dynamic instability.
Bridging ecological assembly process and community stability upon bacterial invasions
Authors: Liu Xipeng , Salles Joana Falcão 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Understanding the link between microbial community stability and assembly processes is crucial in microbial ecology. Here, we investigated whether the impact of biotic disturbances would depend on the processes controlling community assembly. For that, we performed an experiment using soil microcosms in which microbial communities assembled through different processes were invaded by Escherichia coli. We show that the ecological assembly process of the resident community plays a significant role in invader-resident competition, invader survival, and compositional stability of the resident community. Specifically, the resident communities primarily assembled through stochastic processes were more susceptible to invader survival. Besides, E. coli invasion acts as a biotic selection pressure, leading to competition between the invader and resident taxa, suppressing the stochasticity in the resident community. Taken together, this study provides empirical evidence for the interpretation of microbial community assemblage on their (potential) ecosystem functions and services, such as the prevention of pathogen establishment and the pathogenic states of soil microbiomes.
Genetic and clinical predictors of rifapentine and isoniazid pharmacokinetics in paediatrics with tuberculosis infection
Authors: Phaisal Weeraya , Albitar Orwa , Chariyavilaskul Pajaree , Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Wacharachaisurapol Noppadol , Ghadzi Siti Maisharah Sheikh , Zainal Hadzliana , Harun Sabariah Noor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Twelve weekly doses of rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP regimen) are recommended for TB preventive therapy in children with TB infection. However, they present with variability in the pharmacokinetic profiles. The current study aimed to develop a pharmacokinetic model of rifapentine and isoniazid in 12 children with TB infection using NONMEM.

Methods
Ninety plasma and 41 urine samples were collected at Week 4 of treatment. Drug concentrations were measured using a validated HPLC–UV method. MassARRAY® SNP genotyping was used to investigate genetic factors, including P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), solute carrier organic anion transporter B1 (SLCO1B1), arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) and N-acetyl transferase (NAT2). Clinically relevant covariates were also analysed.

Results
A two-compartment model for isoniazid and a one-compartment model for rifapentine with transit compartment absorption and first-order elimination were the best models for describing plasma and urine data. The estimated (relative standard error, RSE) of isoniazid non-renal clearance was 3.52 L·h−1 (23.1%), 2.91 L·h−1 (19.6%), and 2.58 L·h−1 (20.0%) in NAT2 rapid, intermediate and slow acetylators. A significant proportion of the unchanged isoniazid was cleared renally (2.7 L·h−1; 8.0%), while the unchanged rifapentine was cleared primarily through non-renal routes (0.681 L·h−1; 3.6%). Participants with the ABCB1 mutant allele had lower bioavailability of rifapentine, while food prolonged the mean transit time of isoniazid.

Conclusions
ABCB1 mutant allele carriers may require higher rifapentine doses; however, this must be confirmed in larger trials. Food did not affect overall exposure to isoniazid and only delayed absorption time.
Is shorter also better in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection?
Authors: Duricek M , Halmova K , Krutova M , Sykorova B , Benes J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the effectiveness of shortened regimens of vancomycin or fidaxomicin in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).

Methods
Adult patients with CDI hospitalized from January 2022 to May 2023 were included in this observational study. In patients with CDI treated with vancomycin or fidaxomicin, antibiotic treatment was discontinued after either 5 or 7 days of vancomycin or 5 days of fidaxomicin if there was a clinical response and improvement in laboratory parameters. The control cohort was treated with the standard 10 day regimen of either vancomycin or fidaxomicin. The follow-up was 60 days. Causative C. difficile strains were characterized by ribotyping and toxin gene detection when available.

Results
Twenty-five patients (median age 76 years) received shortened treatment with vancomycin (n = 21), or fidaxomicin (n = 4). Five cases fulfilled the criteria for severe CDI. Twenty-three patients completed follow-up; two died from causes other than CDI, and two developed recurrent CDI (8.0%). Ribotypes (RTs) 001 and 014 were the most prevalent with 20% each. In two C. difficile isolates, binary toxin genes were detected (RTs 078 and 023). In the control group of 22 patients recurrent CDI developed in 5 patients (22.7%). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups.

Conclusions
Shortened treatment regimens for CDI with vancomycin and fidaxomicin were shown to be effective in our cohort of patients compared with 10 days of treatment. The recurrence rate was lower in the study group. A larger, prospective, double-blind, randomized, multicentre study is needed to support our findings.
Ethical Considerations for Acutely Injured and Future Burn Patients Who Smoke While on Home Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Khoo Kimberly H , Yoon Joshua S , Carrese Joseph A , Lerman Sheera F , Hultman C Scott , Caffrey Julie A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Home oxygen therapy (HOT) is prescribed to patients with pulmonary dysfunction to improve survival and quality of life. However, ignition of oxygen can lead to burns with significant morbidity and mortality. Providers who routinely treat this patient population face an ethical issue: balancing the obligation to provide beneficial treatment to a patient with the responsibility to protect that patient from suffering avoidable burn injuries. A thorough review was conducted to assess the literature regarding ethical considerations involved in managing patients who have been burned while smoking on HOT and who continue to smoke. Various aspects of this problem and potential approaches to address it were analyzed with respect to 4 core ethical principles of health care: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. For patients who repeatedly present with burns acquired secondary to smoking while on oxygen, the authors consider it ethically unacceptable to withhold standard-of-care intervention for acute burns because refusal to treat acute burns conflicts with all 4 ethical principles. A preventive strategy would encourage a more judicious prescription of HOT, supporting the principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence. Additional preventive strategies include upstream solutions such as longitudinal patient education about smoking cessation and the risks of smoking on HOT. Physicians are tasked with the responsibility of both providing optimal care for this patient population and preventing future burn injuries. They may be able to address this challenging situation by thinking more critically about potential solutions while bearing in mind key ethical considerations and obligations.
COAALA: A Novel Approach to Understanding Extreme Stock–Bond Comovement
Authors: Allard Anne-Florence , Hanbali Hamza , Smedts Kristien 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article proposes a novel copula model to understand the dependence between extreme variations in stock and government bond returns. This model is used to introduce a tail-based extension of the safe haven concept, which we refer to as a tail risk dampener. Our findings reveal significant cross-country differences in stock–bond local tail dependence and tail risk dampening abilities. Some countries’ bond market can lessen the impact on portfolio returns of extreme negative stock returns, while for others no such negative tail comovement is found. This tail comovement is also not always aligned with global comovement between stocks and bonds. The article concludes that a comprehensive understanding of the comovement and the resulting diversification potential between stock and bond returns necessitates complementing global measures of dependence with local tail measures.
Optimization of method for cross-section hydrogels preparation using high-pressure freezing
Authors: Ichihashi Shuichi , Kuwata Masahiko , Kikuchi Kodai , Matsuyama Tatsushi , Shimizu Akio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
High-pressure water freeze fracturing is a method for preparing water-containing samples such as hydrogels for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in which a sample is placed in a divisible pressure vessel, filled with water, sealed, frozen with liquid nitrogen and then vacuum dried after the vessel is divided. The pressure (∼200 MPa) generated by the phase transition from water to ice is expected to inhibit ice crystal formation that causes large deformation of microstructure in the sample. To maximize the useable sample size, where SEM observation is not affected by ice crystal growth, preparation conditions including the size of pressure vessel were examined in this work. Using pressure vessels 8.0 mm, 5.5 mm and 4.5 mm in diameter, agarose gel, gelatin gel, wheat starch hydrogel, wheat flour noodle and cellulose hydrogel were used to prepare SEM samples. With agarose gel, an area of 3.6 mm in diameter in the 5.5 mm vessel was achieved as the maximum size of the area observable without ice crystal growth. The observable size of other samples was comparable, except for gelatin gel. As a result, observation of the three-dimensional network structure of hydrogels could be performed over a wider range than with the conventional method without shredding or chemical treatment of the samples. Additionally, usability of agarose gel for sample support matrix in high-pressure water freeze fracturing was demonstrated.
Can Conversational Thinking serve as a suitable pedagogical approach for philosophy education in African schools?
Authors: Chimakonam Jonathan O , Ogbonnaya L Uchenna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article investigates whether Conversational Thinking can suitably serve as a pedagogical approach for philosophy education in African schools (primary and secondary levels). We argue that there is a need to introduce and teach philosophy in schools in Africa. Additionally, we argue that it would be apropos to adopt a decolonial approach in developing such curricula, which, amongst others, could accommodate African approaches to philosophy. We contend that African homegrown frameworks, such as Conversational Thinking, can serve as appropriate decolonial strategies for philosophy education in parts of Africa. Our reason is that the proposed approach can train the emerging young generations in Africa, not only to be critical, creative, and innovative, but also to view reality from African epistemic perspectives. This stems from the fact that Conversational Thinking is one strategy amongst others that can promote African culture-inspired approaches to knowledge that combine with basic thinking skills to offer truly African forms of epistemic liberation.
Surgical technique for epigastric incisional hernia after omphalocele repair: bilateral modified composite flaps using the upper rectus abdominis muscle and the vertically inverted flap of the lower rectus abdominis fascia
Authors: Tatekawa Yukihiro , Tsuzuki Yukihiro , Oshiro Kiyotetsu , Fukuzato Yoshimitsu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present a patient who developed an incisional hernia, from epigastrium to umbilicus, after omphalocele repair. The hernia gradually enlarged to a 10 cm × 10 cm defect with significant rectus abdominis muscle diastasis at the costal arch attachment point. At 6 years of age, the abdominal wall defect in the umbilical region was closed using the components separation technique. For the muscle defect of the epigastric region, composite flaps were made by suturing together the flap of the upper rectus abdominis muscle, after peeling it away from the costal arch attachment point, and the vertically inverted flap of the lower rectus abdominis fascia, created with a U-shaped incision. The composite flaps from each side were reversed in the midline to bring them closer and then sutured; the abdominal wall and skin were then closed. Five months after surgery, the patient had no recurrent incisional hernia and no wound complications.