bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitosan nanoparticle-based neuronal membrane sealing and neuroprotection following acrolein-induced cell injury
Authors: Cho Youngnam , Shi Riyi , Ben Borgens Richard 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
The highly reactive aldehyde acrolein is a very potent endogenous toxin with a long half-life. Acrolein is produced within cells after insult, and is a central player in slow and progressive "secondary injury" cascades. Indeed, acrolein-biomolecule complexes formed by cross-linking with proteins and DNA are associated with a number of pathologies, especially central nervous system (CNS) trauma and neurodegenerative diseases. Hydralazine is capable of inhibiting or reducing acrolein-induced damage. However, since hydralazine's principle activity is to reduce blood pressure as a common anti-hypertension drug, the possible problems encountered when applied to hypotensive trauma victims have led us to explore alternative approaches. This study aims to evaluate such an alternative - a chitosan nanoparticle-based therapeutic system.

Results
Hydralazine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using different types of polyanions and characterized for particle size, morphology, zeta potential value, and the efficiency of hydralazine entrapment and release. Hydralazine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ranged in size from 300 nm to 350 nm in diameter, and with a tunable, or adjustable, surface charge.

Conclusions
We evaluated the utility of chitosan nanoparticles with an in-vitro model of acrolein-mediated cell injury using PC -12 cells. The particles effectively, and statistically, reduced damage to membrane integrity, secondary oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. This study suggests that a chitosan nanoparticle-based therapy to interfere with "secondary" injury may be possible.
MicroRNA-224 Is Involved in Transforming Growth Factor-β-Mediated Mouse Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Granulosa Cell Function by Targeting Smad4
Authors: Yao Guidong , Yin Mianmian , Lian Jie , Tian Hui , Liu Lin , Li Xin , Sun Fei 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Many members of the TGF-β superfamily are indicated to play important roles in ovarian follicular development, such as affecting granulosa cell function and oocyte maturation. Abnormalities associated with TGF-β1 signaling transduction could result in female infertility. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as small noncoding RNAs, were recently found to regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. However, little is known about the role of miRNAs in TGF-β-mediated granulosa cell proliferation and granulosa cell function. In this study, the miRNA expression profiling was identified from TGF-β1-treated mouse preantral granulosa cells (GCs), and three miRNAs were found to be significantly up-regulated and 13 miRNAs were down-regulated. Among up-regulated miRNAs, miR-224 was the second most significantly elevated miRNA. This up-regulation was attenuated by treatment of GCs with SB431542 (an inhibitor of TGFβ superfamily type I receptors, thus blocking phosphorylation of the downstream effectors Smad2/3), indicating that miR-224 expression was regulated by TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The ectopic expression of miR-224 can enhance TGF-β1-induced GC proliferation through targeting Smad4. Inhibition of endogenous miR-224 partially suppressed GC proliferation induced by TGF-β1. In addition, both miR-224 and TGF-β1 can promote estradiol release from GC, at least in part, through increasing CYP19A1 mRNA levels. This is the first demonstration that miRNAs can control reproductive functions resulting in promoting TGF-β1-induced GC proliferation and ovarian estrogen release. Such miRNA-mediated effects could be potentially used for regulation of reproductive processes or for treatment of reproductive disorders.
Preparation of Uniform-sized Polymer Nanofibers by Extrusive Spinning Using Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina
Authors: Yanagishita Takashi , Fujimura Ryoko , Nishio Kazuyuki , Masuda Hideki 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Uniform-sized polymer nanofibers were fabricated by the extrusive spinning of a photocurable monomer under UV irradiation using ordered anodic porous alumina as a nozzle for the spinning. The size of the resulting polymer nanofibers could be controlled by adjusting the pore size of the anodic porous alumina membrane.
Capturing a Metastable Silver(I) Compound of Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Sun Di , Luo Geng-Geng , Zhang Na , Wei Zhan-Hua , Yang Cheng-Feng , Huang Rong-Bin , Zheng Lan-Sun 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A metastable 3D supramolecular compound [Ag(NH3)2][Ag3(pzdca)2(NH3)4] (H2pzdca = pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) (1) has been synthesized and characterized crystallographically. This study offers important information to in-depth understanding of the self-assembly process involving AgI under ammoniacal conditions and conforms that [Ag(NH3)2]+-containing compounds are the intermediates during synthesis of some AgI coordination polymers.
Deep Red Emission of Ca19Ce(PO4)14:Mn2+ Phosphor for Fluorescent Lamp and PDP Applications
Authors: Kuo Te-Wen , Chung Hsiu-Pei , Chen Teng-Ming 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The unprecedented deep red-emitting phosphor, Ca19Ce(PO4)14:Mn2+, has been fabricated by a convenient solid-state method. A strong red emission centered at 637 nm corresponding to the 4T1(4G) → 6A1(6S) transition of Mn2+ is observed under 130–300 nm excitation. The chromaticity coordinates of optimized phosphor were found to be (0.69, 0.29). In addition, we have also made an attempt to observe strong red emission displayed by this phosphor for use as coating material on compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). It is a promising candidate for application in CFLs as a red-emitting color converter.
Acid–Base Responsive Photoelectric Conversion of a Hydroxyazobenzene-appended Bipyridine–Copper Complex System
Authors: Umeki Satoshi , Kume Shoko , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new 4-hydroxyazobenzene-appended bipyridine complex of copper, [Cu(oAB-2OH)2]BF4, which exhibits a reversible acid–base responsive redox-active photoisomerization reaction. The acid–base modulation of the photoisomerization reaction permits ON/OFF toggling of the photoelectric conversion in devices containing this complex by the addition of small quantities of acid or base in the presence of 4,4′-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2′-bipyridine, bpy-2COOEt.
Pd-catalyzed Dithiolene–Aryl Cross-coupling Reaction of Aromatic Cyclopentadienylcobalt Dithiolene Complex
Authors: Nomura Mitsushiro , Terada Kosuke , Onozawa Akihide , Mitome Yoshiro , Sugiyama Toru , Kajitani Masatsugu 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
[CpCo(dithiolene)] complex with a boronate group, which is formulated as [CpCo{S2C2(Ph)(Bpin)}] (1, Bpin = 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaboronate), was prepared from the one-pot reaction of [CpCo(CO)2], elemental sulfur, and boronated alkyne. 1 underwent Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions with 3-bromopyridine or 9-bromoanthracene.
An Unexpected Guanidine-catalyzed Amination Reaction Leading to (Z)-α-Aminocinnamamides
Authors: Jiang Bo , Tu Shu-Jiang 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
An unexpected guanidine-catalyzed amination reaction between 4-(arylmethylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5-ones and N,N-dimethylformamide in water for selective synthesis of new (Z)-α-aminocinnamamides was described. This method has the advantages of short synthetic route, operational simplicity, and minimal environment impact.
Effects of long-term continuous positive airway pressure on body composition and IGF1
Authors: Münzer Thomas , Hegglin Andrea , Stannek Tobias , Schoch Otto D , Korte Wolfgang , Büche Daniel , Schmid Christoph , Hürny Christoph 
Published: January 2010

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on body composition (BC) and IGF1.DesignObservational study.SubjectsSeventy-eight (11 females and 67 males) OSAS patients who were compliant with CPAP (age 51±1.1 years) participated in the study. We assessed body mass index (BMI), total body mass (TBM), total body fat (TBF; kg) and lean body mass (LBM; kg), abdominal subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (V) fat (cm2), and waist circumference (WC; cm) by magnetic resonance imaging, and IGF1 (ng/ml) before and after 7.8±1.3 months of CPAP use of an average of 5.9±1.2 h.ResultsWomen had a higher BMI, WC; TBM, TBF, and more SC fat. Men had a higher LBM and more V fat. CPAP increased WC (+2.8±9.6 cm,P=0.02) and LBM (2.2±0.5 kg,P=0.006), but not IGF1. In men, CPAP increased BMI (0.5±0.2 kg/m2,P=0.02), WC (1.7±6.9 cm,P=0.002), TBM (1.7±0.4 kg,P=0.0001), LBM (1.5±0.4 kg,P=0.0003), SC fat (12.9±5.1 cm2,P=0.02), and IGF1 (13.6±4.2 ng/ml,P=0.002).Compliance with CPAP increased LBM in men aged <60 years, but not in those aged >60 years, and IGF1 increased in men aged 40–60 years only.ConclusionsLong-term CPAP increased LBM in both sexes and IGF1 in men, while fat mass remained unchanged, suggesting a sexually dimorphic response of IGF1 to CPAP. The role of the GH axis activity and age to this response is unclear. The metabolic consequences of changes in LBM are still to be determined. Future studies on the effects of CPAP on BC should include LBM as an outcome.
Projected Costs, Risks, and Benefits of Expanded Newborn Screening for MCADD
Authors: Prosser Lisa A. , Kong Chung Yin , Rusinak Donna , Waisbren Susan L. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) incorporating quality-of-life effects for false-positive newborn screens and recommended dietary treatment.METHODS:A computer simulation model was developed to predict costs and health outcomes for expanded newborn screening for MCADD compared with clinical identification. The modeled target population was a hypothetical cohort of 100 000 newborns in the United States. Probabilities, costs, and quality-of-life weights were derived from a long-term follow-up study of newborn screening compared with clinical identification, primary data collection, published data, and expert opinion. We used a lifetime time horizon and the societal perspective. The main outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Secondary outcomes included averted deaths and hospitalizations.RESULTS:Using base-case assumptions, the cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for MCADD was $21 273 per QALY gained. The cost-effectiveness ratio increased to $21 278/QALY when the loss in quality of life associated with false-positive test results was incorporated and to $27 423/QALY when the quality of life associated with lifelong dietary recommendations for treating MCADD was incorporated. Results were sensitive to the false-positive rate for the newborn screening test and the cost of the initial screen.CONCLUSIONS:Expanded newborn screening for MCADD is cost-effective compared with well-accepted pediatric health interventions. Losses in quality of life associated with dietary treatment for MCADD, however, may offset some of the gains in QALYs from newborn screening. Consideration of new disorders for expanded newborn screening panels should include the potential reduction in quality of life associated with treatments.
One-Day vs Two-Day Epidural Analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Corbett Corbett , Reichmann William M. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Beagan Carolyn , Corsello Paul , Ghazinouri Roya , Dang Bachyen , Mikulinsky Regina , Losina Elena , Wright John 
Published: February 2010

Introduction:Over 500,000 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) are performed annually in the US, yet postoperative pain management varies widely. In patients managed with epidural analgesia, the epidural catheter is generally removed on the second postoperative day. We compared in-hospital outcomes associated with removing the epidural catheter on postoperative day 1 (POD1-group) vs on postoperative day 2 (POD2-group) among patients undergoing TKA.Methods:We identified 89 patients who had TKA performed by a single surgeon from January through July 2007, and who were managed with epidural analgesia. This study took advantage of a change of policy from removing the epidural on the second postoperative day prior to March 2007 (n = 34) to removing the epidural on the first postoperative day thereafter (n = 55). Data were obtained by medical record review and analyzed with bivariate and multivariate techniques. Outcomes included knee range of motion (ROM), pain (0-10 scale), distance walked, narcotic usage, and length of stay.Results:The mean patient age was 68 ± 10 years. We did not identify clinically important differences in preoperative characteristics across groups. Patients in the POD1- group had a shorter length of stay (median of 3vs4 days in the POD2-group, p<0.001). The POD1-group also walked a greater distance on the second postoperative day (mean of 38 feet vs 9 feet in the POD2-group, p < 0.002). We did not observe a difference between the two groups with respect to change in passive ROM, pain on the second postoperative day, or narcotic usage. The POD1-group had more restricted continuous passive motion settings on the second postoperative day than the POD2-group (50°vs65°, p = 0.031), and the POD1-group had somewhat worse passive range of motion at discharge (e.g. passive flexion 82°vs76° in the POD2- group, p = 0.078).Conclusion:The balance between a shorter hospital stay and earlier walking achievement with the POD1 -strategy--vsbetter ROM at the time of discharge with the POD2-strategy-- should be considered when planning TKA pain management. These results should be confirmed with longer term studies and randomized designs.Evidence Level III:Retrospective comparative study.
The Role of Different Hyaluronic Acids in the Articular Cartilage of Rabbit
Authors: Sánchez Lázaro Jaime Antonio , Coronel Granado Pilar , del Sol Mercedes Gimeno , Medina Ana González , Díaz Gállego Luis , González-Arabio Sandoval Daniel , Prieto Fernández Julio Gabriel 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:To elucidate if the differences found in the physico-chemical and rheological behaviour of Hyaluronic Acids result in differentin vivoactivity. For this purpose two Hyaluronic Acids (HA), HA-1 and HA-2, with similar molecular weight but different percentage of concentration variation, were compared through an osteoarthritis model.Methods and Materials:Osteoarthritis was induced in white New Zealand rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament section. After the induction period, the animals were allocated to receive HA-1 or HA-2 intra-articularly in one knee whereas the contralateral knee was used as Operated Control. An additional group of non-operated animals was used as Healthy Controls. Samples of cartilage were taken for different measures: apoptosis, nitric oxide (nitrites) and hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid.Results:The administration of HA-1 had a significant inhibitor effect on apoptosis of the chondrocytes compared to operated untreated animals (p = 0.0089), whereas this difference was not observed in the HA-2 knees. Levels of nitrites determined by HPLC in the HA-1 knees were similar to those in the Healthy group (p = 0.6551) whereas they were significantly higher in Operated Control and HA-2 groups (p = 0.0001). The comparison between HA-1 and HA-2 also revealed significantly lower levels of nitrites in the HA-1 knees (p = 0.0001). Values of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid did not show statistical differences between the different study groups.Conclusions:HA-1 and HA-2 showed different physico-chemical characteristics and these differences have resulted in differentin vivobehaviour. As a consequence, not all the HA with similar molecular weight can be considered as equivalent.
Towards a Patent Pool for HIV Medicines: The Background
Authors: Childs Michelle 
Published: February 2010

Recent WHO guidelines for antiretroviral therapy recommend switching to less toxic, but more expensive medicines for first-line and second-line ART, raising questions about the financial sustainability of many AIDS treatment programmes. At the same time, many key generic producing countries such as India now grant pharmaceutical product patents so competition between multiple manufacturers will not be able to play the role it has in bringing down the price of newer drugs.
Overcoming these patent barriers will require a range of solutions, such as restricting patentability criteria, or compulsory licensing. One additional systematic solution is provided by the patent pool, a collective solution to the management of patent rights, initially presented by Médecins Sans Frontières to the French Foreign Ministry and subsequently the UNITAID Executive Board in 2006.
A patent pool must not be implemented at any costs, but answer medical needs, be based on economic realities and meet the access needs of the developing world, including middle-income countries.
Amazonia!: An Online Resource to Google and Visualize Public Human whole Genome Expression Data
Authors: Le Carrour Tanguy , Assou Said , Tondeur Sylvie , Lhermitte Ludovic , Lamb Ned , Reme Thierry , Pantesco Veronique , Hamamah Samir , Klein Bernard , De Vos John 
Published: February 2010

Available transcriptome data accumulate in public repositories, individual web pages or as various supplemental data, but these published data cannot be routinely accessed. We have developed the web based tool Amazonia! to overcome this hurdle and provide the possibility to query and to visualize the expression of a given gene in representative and selected human transcriptome datasets. This expression atlas provides expression bar plots for single genes, across samples selected from a wide range of normal tissues and malignancies, including pluripotent stem cells. When produced by the same platform type, datasets were renormalized and combined in order to generate series of several hundreds samples. Samples types are colored and ordered, and grouped in thematic pages for ease of navigation. We also integrated gene lists provided by original publications describing these microarray data, allowing the scientific community to challenge the expression of genes in datasets other than those for which they were initially published. To illustrate the powerfulness of this simple tool, we show how Amazonia! reveals the specific expression of the tight junction protein Claudin 6 in human embryonic stem cells and human induced stem cells (iPS), or the tissue specific expression of some chemokines and their receptors such as CCL16 in liver and CX3CR1 in central nervous system samples. Thus, Amazonia! advantageously complements large public repositories by providing a simple way to query a compilation of selected human transcriptome data.
The tool is freely available at http://www.amazonia.transcriptome.eu/
Computed tomographic evaluation of cerebral ventricular size in clinically normal calves
Authors: Lee Ki-Ja , Lee Young-Won , Choi Ho-Jung , Kishimoto Miori , Shimizu Junichiro , Iwasaki Toshiroh , Miyake Yoh-Ichi , Yamada Kazutaka 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate lateral ventricular size in clinically normal calves by use of computed tomography and to examine the relationships between ventricular height (Vh), ventricular area (VA), and ventricular volume (VV).
Animals—14 Holstein calves.
Procedures—14 calves underwent computed tomography of the head with transverse images acquired from the rostral aspect of the frontal lobe continuing caudally to the level of the foramen magnum. Hemispheric height, Vh, VA, and hemispheric area were measured on images obtained at the level of the interventricular foramen. Ventricular volume was calculated by multiplying the sum of VAs measured on each transverse image by the total slice thickness. The left Vh-to-right Vh ratio was calculated to determine the degree of ventricular asymmetry, which was categorized as normal (ie, symmetric) to minimally asymmetric, mildly asymmetric, or severely asymmetric.
Results—Mean ± SD values for Vh and the Vh-to-hemispheric height ratio were 4.96 ± 1.56 mm and 7.47%, respectively. The mean VA was 114.29 ± 47.68 mm2, and the mean VV was 2,443.50 ± 1,351.50 mm3. Normal to minimally asymmetric ventricles were identified in 13 calves, and mildly asymmetric ventricles were identified in 1 calf. Significant correlations were found between Vh and VA and between Vh and VV.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results establish reference values for ventricular size in clinically normal calves and suggest that Vh measurement may be a simple and useful technique for examining size of the cerebral ventricles in calves.
Molecular and histologic evaluation of idiopathic hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in adult llamas
Authors: Reed Shannon K. , Semevolos Stacy A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the molecular and histologic characteristics of hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in adult llamas.
Animals—12 adult llamas (6 with bilateral hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints [affected] and 6 age- and sex-matched clinically normal control llamas).
Procedures—Llamas were euthanized, and specimens of superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, and suspensory ligament were obtained from 4 areas and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen or suspended in neutral-buffered 10% formalin. Histologic evaluation of collagen fiber orientation, elastin content, and proteoglycan content was performed by use of Masson trichrome, picrosirius red, Verhoeff, and Alcian blue stains. Total RNA was isolated from frozen suspensory ligament specimens. Gene expression of collagen types I and III, lysyl oxidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 was evaluated with a real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assay.
Results—Gene expression of collagen types I and III, lysyl oxidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in suspensory ligaments was similar between affected and control llamas. Collagen orientation and elastin content of the flexor tendons and suspensory ligaments were also similar between the groups. Proteoglycan content was low in most specimens but was focally increased in discrete lesions of suspensory ligaments in 2 affected and 2 control llamas.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints in llamas did not appear to be caused by degeneration or inflammation of the suspensory ligament. Although focal proteoglycan accumulation existed in the suspensory ligaments of 2 affected llamas, widespread abnormal connective tissue proteoglycan accumulation was not found.