bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiographic results of combined Salter innominate and femoral osteotomy in Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease in older children
Authors: Javid Mahzad , Wedge John H. 
Published: April 2009

Purpose Treatment of Legg–Calvé-Perthes disease in older children with greater involvement of the femoral head remains uncertain. Innominate, femoral or combined innominate and femoral osteotomies are generally performed to better contain and provide more coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum with the objective of achieving a more spherical head and a congruent joint. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the radiographic outcomes of simultaneous femoral and pelvic osteotomies. Methods We reviewed the radiographic changes of 20 patients with Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease with a disease onset of over eight years of age who had undergone combined femoral and Salter innominate osteotomies. The hips in these 17 males and 3 females comprised 11 lateral pillar (LP) group B, 7 B/C, and 2 C. The patients were evaluated with a mean follow-up of five years and five months using the Stulberg radiographic assessment. Results Among those 20 hips, six became Stulberg II (SII), nine SIII, and five SIV. From the 11 LPB hips, five became SII, four SIII, and two SIV. The seven LPB/C turned out to be SII in one case, SIII in four, and SIV in two hips. One of the two LPC hips became SIII and the other one SIV. The three female patients had one LPB, one LPB/C, and one LPC hip, and surgery resulted in SIII hips in all three cases. Eight of these 20 cases were older than 11 years of age at the time of surgery, and all had fair or poor hips. Conclusions Simultaneous femoral and Salter innominate osteotomies in older children with a higher LP grouping can marginally improve the radiographic outcome in comparison with the natural history in LPB/C and LPC cases by converting a number of poor results to fair results.
Detecting Liquidity Traders
Authors: Kalay Avner , Wohl Avi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe develop a measure (based on the relative slopes of the demand and supply schedules) quantifying the asymmetric presence of liquidity traders in the market: a steeper slope of the demand (supply) schedule indicates a concentration of liquidity traders on the demand (supply) side. Using the opening session of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, we demonstrate the predictive power of our measure. Consistent with theory, we find that the concentration of liquidity traders on the demand (supply) side is negatively (positively) correlated with future returns. We find that liquidity traders are likely to arrive at the market together (commonality).
Stock and Bond Market Liquidity: A Long-Run Empirical Analysis
Authors: Goyenko Ruslan Y. , Ukhov Andrey D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper establishes liquidity linkage between stock and Treasury bond markets. There is a lead-lag relationship between illiquidity of the two markets and bidirectional Granger causality. The effect of stock illiquidity on bond illiquidity is consistent with flight-to-quality or flight-to-liquidity episodes. Monetary policy impacts illiquidity. The evidence indicates that bond illiquidity acts as a channel through which monetary policy shocks are transferred into the stock market. These effects are observed across illiquidity of bonds of different maturities and are especially pronounced for illiquidity of short-term maturities. The paper provides evidence of illiquidity integration between stock and bond markets.
Studies on possible alternative schemes based on two-laser driver for inertial fusion energy applications
Authors: Strangio C. , Caruso A. , Aglione M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUnconventional, promising approaches to inertial fusion energy (IFE) proposed and studied in the framework of IFE keep-in-touch activity at Frascati EURATOM-ENEA Association will be reconsidered for the present more advanced technological context associated to a planned large installations scenario. Then the possibility to generate laser-produced fast heavy-ion sources (e.g., Bi ions, tens GeV) will be explored taking as reference results obtained in the FIGEX experiment scaled toward thermonuclear regimes. A possible dimensioning of such sources will be also given as well as the associated laser requirements.
Relativistic electron beam source with uniform high-density emitters by pulsed power generators
Authors: Li Limin , Liu Lie , Xu Qifu , Chen Guoxin , Chang Lei , Wan Hong , Wen Jianchun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe remaining challenges, confronting high-power microwave sources and pulsed power technology, stimulate the development of robust relativistic electron beam sources. This paper presents a carbon-fiber-aluminum cathode with high-density uniform emitters, which was tested in a single pulsed power generator (~450 kV, ~350 ns, ~50 Ω) and a repetitive one (350 kV, <10 ns, 150 Ω, and 100 Hz). The distribution and development of the cathode plasma was observed by time-and-space resolved diagnostics, and the uniformity of electron beam density was checked by taking x-ray images. A quasi-stationary behavior of the cathode plasma expansion was observed. It was found that the uniformity of the extracted electron beam is satisfactory in spite of individual plasma jets on the cathode surface. Under repetitively pulsed operation, this cathode exhibited a good shot-to-shot reproducibility even in poor vacuum. This new class of plasma cathodes offers a promising prospect of developing relativistic electron beam sources.
Dynamic screening and charge state of fast ions in plasma and solids
Authors: Nardi E. , Maron Y. , Hoffmann D.H.H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper addresses the effect of target plasma electrons on the charge state of energetic ions, penetrating a target composed of bound as well as plasma electrons. Dynamic screening of the projectile Coulomb potential by the plasma electrons brings about a depression in the ionization energy of the ionic projectiles, as has been verified experimentally. This in turn makes the ionization cross-sections larger, while making the recombination cross-section smaller, thereby causing an increase in the ion charge state compared to the case of a gas target. The effect of the plasma environment, where the valence electrons are treated as plasma, is illustrated here for a 2 MeV carbon beam penetrating amorphous carbon targets of varying densities.
ChlamyCyc - a comprehensive database and web-portal centered on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Christian Jan-Ole , May Patrick , Kempa Stefan , Walther Dirk 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
*Background*
- The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an important eukaryotic model organism for the study of photosynthesis and growth, as well as flagella development and other cellular processes. In the era of high-throughput technologies there is an imperative need to integrate large-scale data sets from high-throughput experimental techniques using computational methods and database resources to provide comprehensive information about the whole cellular system of a single organism.

*Results*
- In the framework of the German Systems Biology initiative GoFORSYS a pathway/genome database and web-portal for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ChlamyCyc) was established, which currently features about 270 metabolic pathways with related genes, enzymes, and compound information. ChlamyCyc was assembled using an integrative approach combining the recently published genome sequence, bioinformatics methods, and experimental data from metabolomics and proteomics experiments. We analyzed and integrated a combination of primary and secondary database resources, such as existing genome annotations from JGI, EST collections, orthology information, and MapMan classification.*Conclusion* - Chlamycyc provides a curated and integrated systems biology repository that will enable and assist in systematic studies of fundamental cellular processes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The ChlamyCyc database and web-portal is freely available under http://chlamycyc.mpimp-golm.mpg.de.
The Jena Library of Biological Macromolecules - JenaLib
Authors: Huehne Rolf , Suehnel Juergen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe JenaLib database ("www.fli-leibniz.de/IMAGE.html":http://www.fli-leibniz.de/IMAGE.html) offers value-added information for all Protein Data Bank (PDB) and Nucleic Acid Database (NDB) entries. This includes:(1) atlas pages and entry lists, (2) PDB sequence information extracted from atomic coordinates, (3) PDB/UniProt sequence alignments that clearly indicate gaps, mutations, numbering irregularities and modified residues, (4) integration of data on single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs), PROSITE motifs, exon structure and SCOP/CATH/Pfam domains with PDB, GO and taxonomy information, (5) display of these data in the sequence/alignment viewer and in the Jmol-based molecule viewer Jena3D ("jena3d.fli-leibniz.de":http://jena3d.fli-leibniz.de ); in the latter case both for asymmetric and biological units, (6) a QuickSearch option that allows searching for PDB/NDB code, UniProt ID/accession number and other search terms in one input field, (7) a sequence homology search (BLAST) and pattern search options and (8) SCOP/CATH/Pfam tree browsers.Offering all this information and analysis tools in one place makes JenaLib a unique resource for the dissemination of 3D structural information on biological macromolecules.
A Framework for BioCuration Workflows (part II)
Authors: Krallinger Martin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis is the second part of the talk ‘A Framework for BioCuration Workflows’, given by Martin Krallinger from the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre at the 'Text Mining for the BioCuration Workflow' workshop. The first part was held by Gully APC Burns (USC Information Sciences Institute, USA). This presentation covered some of the main general tasks often shared by existing literature biocuration workflows: Identification of relevant articles, identification and normalization of the actual bio-entities, the extraction of the annotation event and the identification of some evidential support (e.g. experimental evidence). Some of the important aspects, bottlenecks and potential text mining approaches were briefly introduced for each general workflow task. This talk provided a short overview of some of the important aspects to integrate text mining systems into a given biocuration workflow and showed how heterogeneous workflows can be even for a relatively straight forward task such as the identification of curation relevant literature. A more detailed example of the biocuration of protein-protein interactions through the workflow followed by the BioGRID database was presented.
WormBase - Nematode Biology and Genomes
Authors: Davis Paul , Consortium WormBase 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWormBase is the major public online database resource for the Caenorhabditis research community. The database was developed primarily for the nematode C. elegans but expanded to host genomes and biological data from other closely related nematode species including C. briggsae, C. remanei, C. brenneri, C. japonica and Pristionchus pacificus. WormBase has developed tools to mine the data held within the database and compare the hosted species. Over the years we have developed a variety of curation pipelines which often begin in a "first-pass" literature curation step. This involves a brief overview of the literature before directing it to specialised data curators who extract all relevant information. Curators focus on particular data types or experimental techniques such as gene structure changes (see the Sequence curation poster), variations, phenotypes or RNAi and their expertise in these fields make curation efficient. WormBase works with many other groups and consortiums to validate, process and integrate both large and small scale data resources. WormBase also provides data that will be of interest to the wider biomedical and bioinformatics communities allowing researchers to utilise the information and techniques offered by nematodes to study wider aspects including medicine and disease.
BioCatalogue: A Curated Web Service Registry For The Life Science Community
Authors: Goble Carole , Belhajjame Khalid , Tanoh Franck , Bhagat Jiten , Wolstencroft Katy , Stevens Robert , Nzuobontane Eric , McWilliam Hamish , Laurent Thomas , Lopez Rodrigo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWeb Services have gained a momentum as a means for packaging existing data and computational resources in a form that is amenable for use and composition by third party applications. The life science community is certainly among the first adopters of Web Services. For example, "Taverna":http://www.mygrid.org.uk, a workflow workbench that is popular within the life science community, provides access to over 3500 thousands web services that can be composed by scientists for constructing and enacting their in silico experiments. However, one of the main issues that hinders the wide adoption and use of Web Services is the difficulty in locating the “appropriate” Web Service, i.e., the Web Service that performs the analysis the scientist is interested in. The descriptions of available Web Services are often poor providing little information to the scientist about their usefulness for the analysis s/he is after. With the above issues in mind, the authors have recently initiated the BioCatalogue project ("http://www.biocatalogue.org/":http://www.biocatalogue.org/). BioCatalogue provides a central registry of curated biological Web Services. A place where providers, users and expert curators can register, annotate and search for Web Services. It also acts as a place where the community can contact and meet the experts and maintainers of these services. The project is co-developed by the University of Manchester and the EMBL-EBI.
Developing a Text Mining Prototype for the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database Biocuration Process
Authors: Wiegers Thomas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUnderstanding interactions between environmental chemicals and genes provides insights into the mechanisms of chemical action, disease susceptibility, therapeutic drug interactions, and toxicity. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; http://ctd.mdibl.org) is a web-based resource that integrates diverse information for the cross-species analysis of chemical, gene, and disease relationships. Much of the data contained in CTD is manually gathered by biocurators; CTD integrates data curated manually from over 10,000 scientific documents. CTD biocurators manually curate chemical-gene and chemical/gene-disease interactions from the scientific literature using controlled vocabularies. Unfortunately, there are many more scientific documents available for curation than can actually be curated by CTD staff; consequently, selecting the best documents for curation is very important.To improve the efficacy of CTD biocuration process, a computational text mining prototype was developed to score and rank PubMed abstracts in terms of their desirability for curation. The prototype identifies:•	chemical, gene, and disease actors, •	specific action terms used to define interaction activity, and •	other key factors that contribute to a document’s overall relevancy to CTD.The prototype was then tested using data manually curated by CTD as the control group in order to determine its overall effectiveness; a metric known as mean average precision was used in evaluating the prototype. How was the prototype designed and architected, what 3rd party tools were integrated into the prototype, how was the prototype tested? Were the tools able to identify the same actors as the curators, how were the documents scored and ranked, how effective was the document ranking process? What major problems were encountered? How will the prototype ultimately be integrated into the CTD biocuration process? The answers to these and other questions will be discussed during the workshop.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of solifenacin flexible dosing in patients with overactive bladder symptoms in four Nordic countries
Authors: MILSOM IAN , AXELSEN SUSANNE , KULSENG‐HANSEN SIGURD , MATTIASSON ANDERS , NILSSON CARL GUSTAF , WICKSTRØM JANNIE 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective. The purpose of the present analysis was to analyze and compare the cost‐effectiveness of solifenacin flexible dosing (5–10 mg) with tolterodine 4 mg sustained release (SR) or placebo (assumed to be comparable to no treatment) for patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.Design. A decision‐analytic model was constructed.Methods. Costs and effects were evaluated for the three treatment options in a one‐year timeframe. Costs included were treatment costs, cost of pad use, and patients productivity loss based on data from the Nordic countries.Sample. Results from two randomized controlled trials were used as input data in the cost‐effectiveness analysis.Main outcome measures. Quality adjusted life years and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.Results. Solifenacin flexible dosing was more effective with respect to reducing OAB symptoms compared to both placebo and tolterodine 4 mg. Treatment with both solifenacin and tolterodine was more costly compared to placebo, but treatment with solifenacin was a less costly alternative compared to tolterodine 4 mg SR. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the conclusions were robust.Conclusion. Solifenacin flexible dosing was a cost‐effective treatment alternative compared to tolterodine 4 mg SR.
2008 Landis Award Lecture Inflammation and the Autodigestion Hypothesis
Authors: SCHMID‐SCHÖNBEIN GEERT W. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTAlthough long recognized in microvascular research, an increasing body of evidence suggests that inflammatory markers are present in human diseases. Since the inflammatory cascade serves as a repair mechanism, the presence of inflammatory markers in patient groups has raised an important question about the mechanisms that initiate the inflammatory cascade (i.e., the mechanisms that cause tissue injury). Using a severe form of inflammation, shock, and multiorgan failure, for which there is no accepted injury mechanism, we summarize studies that suggest that the powerful pancreatic digestive enzymes play a central role in the destruction of the intestine and other tissues if their compartmentalization in the lumen of the intestine and in the pancreas is compromised. Further, we summarize evidence that uncontrolled degrading enzyme activity in plasma causes proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of membrane receptors and loss of associated cell functions. For example, in a model of metabolic disease with type II diabetes, proteolytic cleavage of the insulin receptor causes the inability of insulin to signal glucose transport across membranes. The evidence suggests that uncontrolled proteolytic and lipolytic enzyme activity may trigger the mechanism for tissue injury. The significance of such mechanisms remain to be explored in human diseases.
For Reasons of State: Political Executions, Republicanism, and the Medici in Florence, 1480–1560
Authors: Baker Nicholas Scott 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrior to the late fifteenth century in Florence, the losers of political conflicts routinely faced exile as punishment for their perceived crimes. Following the Pazzi conspiracy of 1478, however, such political criminals increasingly received death sentences rather than banishment. This article explores how the changing nature of punishment for political crimes in Renaissance Florence from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries can be read as a barometer of political change in the city. It examines the relationship between the growing number of political executions and the long transformation of Florence from a republic to a principality, with reference to the broader context of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Italy.
Baseline factors associated with congestive heart failure in patients receiving etoricoxib or diclofenac: multivariate analysis of the MEDAL program
Authors: Krum Henry , Curtis Sean P. , Kaur Amarjot , Wang Hongwei , Smugar Steven S. , Weir Matthew R. , Laine Loren , Brater D. Craig , Cannon Christopher P. 
Published: April 2009

AimsNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs have been associated with increased risk of congestive heart failure (CHF). We aimed to assess the impact of treatment with etoricoxib or diclofenac on risk of CHF relative to baseline risk factors.Methods and resultsWe performed a multivariate analysis of 34 701 patients with arthritis receiving etoricoxib 60 or 90 mg, or diclofenac 150 mg, daily for a mean of 18 months, to assess the incidence of confirmed, adjudicated CHF events resulting in emergency room visit or hospitalization. Analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) between the levels of each risk marker for the incidence of CHF. Significant risk markers included history of CHF (HR: 6.69, 95% CI 3.59–12.47; P <0.0001), age ≥65 years (2.56, 1.65–3.98; P <0.0001), and history of hypertension (1.83, 1.16–2.89; P = 0.0094) or diabetes (1.83, 1.15–2.94; P = 0.0116). Etoricoxib vs. diclofenac was a significant risk factor only when pooling the etoricoxib 90 mg cohorts (1.88; 1.13–3.10; P = 0.0143). Etoricoxib 60 mg did not significantly increase risk vs. diclofenac.ConclusionHistory of CHF was highly associated with risk for CHF hospitalization. Hypertension, diabetes, and older age also increased risk modestly. There appeared to be a dose‐related increase in CHF with etoricoxib compared with diclofenac, which reached statistical significance when the etoricoxib 90 mg groups (osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis) were pooled.(Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00092703, NCT00092742, NCT00250445).
Combining multibeam-sonar and multifrequency-echosounder data: examples of the analysis and imaging of large euphausiid schools
Authors: Korneliussen Rolf J. , Heggelund Yngve , Eliassen Inge K. , Øye Ola K. , Knutsen Tor , Dalen John 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Korneliussen, R. J., Heggelund, Y., Eliassen, I. K., Øye, O. K., Knutsen, T., and Dalen, J. 2009. Combining multibeam-sonar and multifrequency-echosounder data: examples of the analysis and imaging of large euphausiid schools. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 991–997. The first high-resolution, quantitative, multibeam sonar (Simrad MS70) ever developed was mounted in a keel of RV “G. O. Sars” with port-orientated beams. Each ping samples a volume of 60° horizontally × 45° vertically with 500 beams, which is often enough to insonify a complete school of fish or zooplankton. The large amount of resulting data is efficiently preprocessed with automatic, real-time detections of school candidates; these are accepted or rejected during post-processing. The system was used on the continental shelf near the Subantarctic island of South Georgia to study Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), and some of the detected schools were immediately sampled with a six-frequency echosounder (Simrad EK60), then trawled with various nets to verify the target species and their size composition. For schools acoustically categorized as euphausiids, data from the two acoustic systems were used to estimate the school morphometrics and the krill size distributions. The principal objectives of this study were to explore the potential of combining data from a multibeam sonar, multifrequency echosounders, and nets, and to describe the efficient processing methods and software that facilitate the multi-instrument analyses. Three-dimensional morphometrics based on the MS70 data were consistent with corresponding two-dimensional morphometrics based on the echosounder data and could be used to improve the acoustic classifications of taxa or species. Additionally, automatic preprocessing and integration of data from different sources into the same user interface allowed efficient exploration and interpretation of all the acoustic data.