bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AVERROES AND AQUINAS ON ARISTOTLE'S CRITERION OF SUBSTANTIALITY
Authors: GALLUZZO GABRIELE 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe paper analyses Averroes's and Aquinas's different reconstructions of Aristotle's ontology in the central books of the Metaphysics. The main claim the paper argues for is that Averroes endorses an explanatory criterion of substantiality, while Aquinas favours an independent existence criterion. The result of these different choices is that the Arabic commentator believes that the forms of sensible objects are more substances than the objects of which they are the forms, while the Dominican Master sticks to the traditional picture that sensible objects hold some kind of priority over their ontological constituents in general and over form in particular. For Averroes, therefore, the central books of the Metaphysics mark a major departure from the Categories ontology, where particular sensible objects are regarded as fundamental entities and so primary substances. On Aquinas's reconstruction, by contrast, sensible objects are still thought of in the Metaphysics as primary substances in spite of their being analysable into matter and form.
Conflict adaptation and cognitive control adjustments following traumatic brain injury
Authors: LARSON MICHAEL J. , KAUFMAN DAVID A.S. , PERLSTEIN WILLIAM M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSurvivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often demonstrate impairments in the cognitive control functions of detecting response conflict and signaling for recruitment of cognitive resources to appropriately adjust performance. These cognitive control functions can be measured using conflict adaptation effects, wherein manifestations of conflict detection and processing are reduced following high- relative to low-conflict trials. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected while 18 survivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 21 demographically matched control participants performed a modified Stroop task. The incongruent-minus-congruent trial Stroop effect for trials preceded by incongruent (high conflict) and congruent (low conflict) trials were compared for behavioral (response time [RT] and error rate) and ERP reflections of cognitive control. Behavioral data showed a reduction in the Stroop effect for both control and TBI participant RTs when preceded by incongruent trials. The magnitude of these effects did not differentiate control and TBI participants. ERP data revealed a centro-parietal conflict slow potential (conflict SP) that differentiated incongruent from congruent trials. Planned comparisons showed a decreased amplitude conflict SP when ERPs were preceded by incongruent trials in control, but not TBI participants. Results indicate subtle TBI-related impairments in conflict resolution mechanisms in the context of intact RT-related conflict adaptation. (JINS, 2009, 15, 927–937.)
THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL SEX-COMPOSITION ON WOMEN'S FERTILITY IN SPAIN
Authors: Martín García Teresa 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates to what extent variation in the distribution across occupational categories in the labour market affects women's demographic behaviour. It specifically explores which occupational categories are more beneficial for women in the transition to first, second and third birth in Spain. Event-history analyses are applied to retrospective data from the Spanish Fertility and Family Survey (1995). The results show that there are differences in women's fertility according to their occupational choice and demonstrate that health and teaching professionals show an advantage in harmonizing work and motherhood in Spain. This finding is consistent with the idea that not only the impact of occupational sex-segregation on women's fertility is explicable by each woman's specific attitudes towards motherhood and career but also by her employment conditions at the workplace. This effect is particularly strong in Spain due to the specific national context of combining family responsibilities and labour force participation.
Biochemical and Pathological Response of Prostate Cancer in a Patient with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma on Sunitinib Treatment
Authors: Song Ik Chan , Lim Jae Sung , Yun Hwan Jung , Kim Samyong , Kang Dae Young , Lee Hyo Jin 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Sunitinib is a small molecular inhibitor of tyrosine kinases and is used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour after disease progression or intolerance to imatinib therapy. Here, we describe biochemical and pathological response of prostate cancer in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during sunitinib treatment. A 62-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a mass in the scalp. He was diagnosed with left renal cell carcinoma with right renal and scalp metastases. In addition, synchronous prostate cancer involving less than one-half of the right lobe was found with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value of 23.4 ng/ml. Treatment was begun with sunitinib (50 mg daily, 4 weeks on and 2 weeks off). Regarding the prostate cancer, active monitoring was planned considering the far advanced renal cell carcinoma. Surprisingly, the PSA level was 3.4 ng/ml at week 6 and 0.2 ng/ml at week 12, and it subsequently remained normal. At the time of writing (cycle 6 of sunitinib therapy), the prostate nodule significantly decreased in size. Furthermore, a 12-core re-biopsy revealed pathological evidence of regression with sunitinib treatment, with control of his renal cell carcinoma.
Treatment With High‐dose Proton Pump Inhibitors Helps Distinguish Eosinophilic Esophagitis From Noneosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Sayej Wael N , Patel Raza , Baker Robert D , Tron Eduardo , Baker Susan S 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is a clinical entity that is recognized increasingly in children. The treatment of EE has been debated since its identification as a clinical entity separate from reflux esophagitis. We hypothesize that the treatment with a high‐dose proton pump inhibitor (HDPPI) helps differentiate EE from noneosinophilic esophagitis (NEE).Patients and Methods:Retrospective review of 2221 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsies was undertaken. Sixty‐nine patients had more than or equal to 15 eosinophils/high‐power field (eos/HPF) in 1 or more esophageal levels. Of those, 36 were initially treated with HDPPI for 3 months followed by repeat EGD. Patients who demonstrated histologic response were classified as NEE. Patients with no histologic response were diagnosed as having EE and treated with HDPPI + swallowed fluticasone for 3 months followed by repeat EGD.Results:Of the 36 patients, histologic response was seen in 14 (39%) after treatment with HDPPI; 95% confidence interval (0.23–0.54). Swallowed fluticasone was added to the treatment of the 22 patients who did not show histologic response to HDPPI alone. Of those, 15 patients underwent repeat endoscopies. Seven patients were lost to follow‐up or did not have repeated EGDs. Histologic response was observed in 9 of 15 (60%) patients. Of the nonresponders (6 of 15), 5 of 6 (83%) self‐reported noncompliance with the swallowed fluticasone. Patients with more than or equal to 15 eos/HPF at all 3 levels (25 of 36) were less likely to respond to HDPPI alone and more likely to be categorized as EE (18 of 25), P = <0.043. Symptomatically, 28 of 36 patients reported resolution of symptoms after HDPPI therapy alone, P = <0.0001, regardless of histology. Visual endoscopic findings during the first and second EGDs did not show any significance in differentiating EE from NEE, P = 0.625 and P = 0.2405, respectively.Conclusions:The study demonstrates that HDPPI can be used to help differentiate EE from NEE histologically. Moreover, patients with more than or equal to 15 eos/HPF at all 3 levels are less likely to respond to HDPPI than patients with more than or equal to 15 eos/HPF at fewer than 3 levels. Therefore, having more than or equal to 15 eos/HPF at 1 or 2 biopsy levels does not necessarily establish the diagnosis of EE. Symptomatic response to HDPPI does not correlate with histologic findings. Clinical management guided by EGD with biopsy helps distinguish patients with EE from those with NEE.
Gangliosides Protect Bowel in an Infant Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Suppressing Proinflammatory Signals
Authors: Schnabl Kareena L , Larsen Bodil , Van Aerde John E , Lees Gordon , Evans Mark , Belosevic Miodrag , Field Catherine , Thomson ABR , Clandinin Michael T 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives:Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has high morbidity in premature infants. Hypoxia‐ischemia, infection, and enteral feeding are risk factors associated with NEC, whereas feeding human milk is protective. Vasoactive and inflammatory mediators in NEC remain elusive. Gangliosides are found in human milk and enterocyte membranes. An infant bowel model of NEC was developed to test the hypothesis that gangliosides modulate the inflammatory response to infection and hypoxia.Patients and Methods:Viable, noninflamed bowel was obtained from 9 infants between 26 and 40 weeks' gestational age. Infant bowel was treated in culture with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hypoxia in the presence or absence of preexposure to gangliosides. Bowel necrosis and production of nitric oxide, endothelin‐1, serotonin, eicosanoids, hydrogen peroxide, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured.Results:Ganglioside preexposure reduced bowel necrosis and endothelin‐1 production in response to LPS. Gangliosides suppressed infant bowel production of nitric oxide, leukotriene B4, prostaglandin E2, hydrogen peroxide, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐8 in response to LPS exposure and hypoxia.Conclusions:A bowel protective effect of gangliosides is indicated by modulation of vasoactive mediators and proinflammatory signal suppression.
Ontogeny of calls of a nonpasserine species: the grey crowned crane Balearica regulorum gibbericeps
Authors: Budde Christa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study presents the results of preliminary studies on the ontogeny of two of the three calls of chicks of the grey crowned crane Balearica regulorum gibbericeps. The observed patterns are consistent with those presented in other studies of nonpasserine bird species in that the frequency range decreased in both investigated calls. The duration, however, showed fluctuations in the contact call and no consistent pattern. In the begging call of captive chicks the duration increased as is found in other nonpasserine bird species.
Mistletoe (Tapinanthus bangwensis Reichenbach) infestation of indigenous and non‐indigenous trees at Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania
Authors: Lekunze L. M. , Hassan M. M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA survey of Tapinanthus bangwensis was carried out in a plantation in the botanic garden at Amani Nature Reserve, which forms part of the East Usambara Mountain, located in the north‐east of Tanzania. A total of 169 trees were examined on four transects of 100 × 50 m (5000 m2) each, located about 700 m apart. Three treatment transects were established in open woodland with a control transect in the closed canopy. Out of 101 trees (81 non‐indigenous and 20 indigenous) examined in the open canopy, T. bangwensis was present on 24; eighteen non‐indigenous and six indigenous. Of all the infested trees, a non‐indigenous species, silky oak (Grevillea robusta) was the most common (37.4%), followed by an indigenous species, mzindanguruwe (Blighia unijugata) with 16.6%. Chi‐squared tests showed that there was no significant difference in frequency of infestation between non‐indigenous and indigenous species (χ2 = 0.715, P = 0.5826). t‐Testing showed that T. bangwensis preferred taller and larger trees (t = − 3.930, P = 0.0002 and t = − 2.416, P = 0.0175, respectively). No T. bangwensis was found on the 68 trees examined in the closed canopy.
Prevalence of mutations in ELANE, GFI1, HAX1, SBDS, WAS and G6PC3 in patients with severe congenital neutropenia
Authors: Xia Jun , Bolyard Audrey A. , Rodger Elin , Stein Steve , Aprikyan Andrew A. , Dale David C. , Link Daniel C. 
Published: September 2009

SummarySevere congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a genetically heterogeneous syndrome associated with mutations of ELANE (ELA2), HAX1, GFI1, WAS, CSF3R or G6PC3. We investigated the prevalence of mutations of ELANE in a cohort of 162 SCN patients for whom blood or bone marrow samples were submitted to the North American Severe Chronic Neutropenia Tissue Repository. Mutations of ELANE were found in 90 of 162 patients (55·6%). Subsequently, we conducted an analysis of a subset of 73 of these cases utilising a high throughput sequencing approach to determine the prevalence of other mutations associated with SCN. Among the 73 patients, mutations of ELANE were detected in 28. In the remaining 45 patients with wild type ELANE alleles, five patients had mutations: GFI1 (1), SBDS (1), WAS (1) and G6PC3 (2); no mutations of HAX1 were detected. In approximately 40% of our cases, the genetic basis of SCN remains unknown. These data suggest that for genetic diagnosis of SCN, ELANE genotyping should first be performed. In patients without ELANE mutations, other known SCN‐associated gene mutations will be found rarely and genotyping can be guided by the clinical features of each patient.
The risk of spinal haematoma following neuraxial anaesthesia or lumbar puncture in thrombocytopenic individuals
Authors: Van Veen Joost J. , Nokes Timothy J. , Makris Mike 
Published: September 2009

SummaryNeuraxial anaesthesia is increasingly performed in thrombocytopenic patients at the time of delivery of pregnancy. There is a lack of data regarding the optimum platelet count at which spinal procedures can be safely performed. Reports are often confounded by the presence of other risk factors for spinal haematomata, such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents and other acquired or congenital coagulopathies/platelet function defects or rapidly falling platelet counts. In the absence of these additional risk factors, a platelet count of 80 × 109/l is a ‘safe’ count for placing an epidural or spinal anaesthetic and 40 × 109/l is a ‘safe’ count for lumbar puncture. It is likely that lower platelet counts may also be safe but there is insufficient published evidence to make recommendations for lower levels at this stage. For patients with platelet counts of 50–80 × 109/l requiring epidural or spinal anaesthesia and patients with a platelet count 20–40 × 109/l requiring a lumbar puncture, an individual decision based on assessment of risks and benefits should be made.
Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary hypertension in adult patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Minniti Caterina P. , Machado Roberto F. , Coles Wynona A. , Sachdev Vandana , Gladwin Mark T. , Kato Gregory J. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryPulmonary Hypertension is a serious complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), with high morbidity and mortality. Endothelin (ET)‐1, a potent vasoconstrictor elevated in SCD, acts through the ET receptors (ETR), ETR‐A and ETR‐B. Bosentan and ambrisentan are ETR blockers used in primary pulmonary hypertension. We report on the use of ETR blocking agents in a cohort of 14 high‐risk SCD adult patients with pulmonary hypertension. Patients underwent right heart catheterization, 6‐min walk test, echocardiogram, physical examination and blood work‐up before starting ETR blockers. Eight patients received ETR blockers as initial therapy; six patients were already taking sildenafil. Over more than 6 months of therapy, sequential measurements of 6‐min walk distance increased significantly (baseline 357 ± 22 to 398 ± 18 m at 5–6 months, P < 0·05). Downward trends were observed for amino‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide and tricuspid regurgitant velocity. Pulmonary artery mean pressures decreased in three patients that had repeat right heart catheterization (44–38 mmHg). Adverse events were: increased serum alanine aminotransferase (2), peripheral oedema (4), rash (1), headache (3), decreased haemoglobin (2). Therapy was stopped in two patients who were switched then to the other ETR blocker agent. These data suggest preliminary evidence for the benefit of bosentan and ambrisentan in pulmonary hypertension in SCD.
Effects of octreotide exposure during pregnancy in acromegaly
Authors: Maffei Pietro , Tamagno Gianluca , Nardelli Giovanni Battista , Videau Catherine , Menegazzo Carla , Milan Gabriella , Calcagno Alessandra , Martini Chiara , Vettor Roberto , Epelbaum Jacques , Sicolo Nicola 
Published: September 2009

SummaryBackground  Only six women who were treated with somatostatin analogues (SSAs) throughout their pregnancies have been described so far. The influence of SSAs on the course of pregnancy and newborn outcomes remains largely unknown. Many aspects of SSAs pharmacokinetics in mother and foetus have not yet been defined.Methods and findings  We report a case study on the effects of octreotide on uterine artery blood flow, octreotide concentrations in biological fluids of mother and newborn, and somatostatin (SST) receptor expression and binding at the level of the maternal–foetal barrier tissues in an acromegalic woman treated with short‐acting octreotide throughout her pregnancy. An acute decrease in uterine artery blood flow was observed after octreotide injections, without affecting the pregnancy course, delivery, or foetal development. Octreotide concentrations were high in maternal serum and colostrum and lower in umbilical cord serum, amniotic fluid, and newborn serum. All SST receptor subtypes can be expressed in placental tissue but their binding profile was weak both in the placenta and umbilical cord. The child was healthy and developed normally up to age 6 from an anthropometric, metabolic, and endocrine point of view. We reviewed all published reports on pregnancy SSA exposure and outcomes were compared to a time‐matched group of acromegalic women not exposed to SSA. No significant effect on the mother or foetus was observed.Conclusions  Short‐acting octreotide appears not to affect the function of the maternal–foetal barrier or foetal development, except for the occurrence of acute, reversible, and clinically irrelevant haemodynamic changes. These data support the feasibility and safety of treatment with short‐acting octreotide in acromegalic women during pregnancy and excludes major matters of concern about the effects of this medication on pregnancy itself and its outcome.
Ascites from patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis contains higher IGF‐I bioactivity than serum
Authors: Jeyaratnaganthan Nilani , Grønbæk Henning , Holland‐Fischer Peter , Espelund Ulrick , Chen Jian‐Wen , Flyvbjerg Allan , Vilstrup Hendrik , Frystyk Jan 
Published: September 2009

SummaryObjective  Patients with liver cirrhosis have diminished hepatic IGF‐I generation, resulting in low circulating levels, whereas data on IGF‐I in ascites are sparse. Therefore, we compared the IGF‐system in serum and ascites from cirrhotic patients.Design and patients  The study comprised 43 patients (12 females) with ascites and liver function of 58 ± 10% of normal. Serum and ascites were collected concomitantly in the fasting state. In 11 patients, second serum and ascitic samples were collected within the first week. Eleven matched controls were also included. All samples were assayed for IGF‐related parameters by immunoassays and by cell‐based IGF‐I bioassay.Results  As compared with controls, serum total IGF‐I, total IGF‐II, pro‐IGF‐II and bioactive IGF‐I were reduced in liver patients, whereas IGF‐binding protein 1 (IGFBP‐1), IGFBP‐2 and the soluble IGF‐II receptor were elevated (P < 0·005 for all). In ascites, all IGF‐related peptides but pro‐IGF‐II were further reduced as compared with serum (P < 0·001). By contrast, bioactive IGF‐I was fourfold elevated in ascites as compared with serum (2·20 ± 0·33 vs. 0·55 ± 0·08 μg/l, P < 0·001). In ascites, the IGF‐I bioactivity signal was completely blocked by addition of IGFBP‐3. Repetitive measurements (n = 11) in ascites showed that all peptides but IGFBP‐1 remained unchanged within 1 week.Conclusions  It is a novel observation that the in vitro bioactivity of IGF‐I can be higher in fluids from an extravascular compartment than in serum, in contrast to immunoreactive levels. This supports different roles for endocrine and paracrine/autocrine IGF‐I, but the pathophysiological significance of our observation remains to be clarified.
Growth in foetal life and infancy is associated with abdominal adiposity at the age of 2 years: The Generation R Study
Authors: Durmuş Büşra , Mook‐Kanamori Dennis O. , Holzhauer Susanne , Hofman Albert , Van Der Beek Eline M. , Boehm Güenther , Steegers Eric A.P. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryObjective Early weight gain is associated with an increased risk of obesity. It is not known whether rapid weight gain in foetal life and infancy is also associated with increased abdominal adiposity. We examined the associations of foetal and postnatal growth characteristics with abdominal fat mass at the age of 2 years.Design This study was performed in 481 children participating in a prospective cohort study from early foetal life onward.Measurements Foetal and postnatal growth characteristics in second and third trimester, at birth and at the age of 2 years were related to abdominal fat mass (subcutaneous distance and area, preperitoneal distance and area) measured by ultrasound at the age of 2 years.Results Foetal and birth weight were not associated with abdominal subcutaneous fat mass. Estimated foetal weight in second trimester of pregnancy was inversely associated with preperitoneal fat area [−3·73% (95% confidence interval −7·23, −0·10)] per standard deviation score increase in weight. Weight gain from birth to the age of 2 years was positively associated with preperitoneal fat mass measures. These associations remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, breastfeeding and body mass index. Positive associations were found between catch‐up growth in weight and abdominal fat mass measures.Conclusions Our results suggest that rapid growth rates during foetal life and infancy are associated with increased abdominal subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat mass in healthy children. Further studies need to explore whether these associations persist in later life and are related to metabolic syndrome outcomes.