bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute toxic effects and gender‐related biokinetics of silver nanoparticles following an intravenous injection in mice
Authors: Xue Yuying , Zhang Shanshan , Huang Yanmei , Zhang Ting , Liu Xiaorun , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhiyong , Tang Meng 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the acute toxicity and biokinetics of intravenously administered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in mice. Mice were exposed to different dosages of AgNPs (7.5, 30 or 120 mg kg−1). Toxic effects were assessed via general behavior, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological observation of the mice. Biokinetics and tissue distribution of AgNPs were evaluated at a dose of 120 mg kg−1 in both male and female mice. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used to determine silver concentrations in blood and tissue samples collected at predetermined time intervals. After 2 weeks, AgNPs exerted no obvious acute toxicity in the mice. However, inflammatory reactions in lung and liver cells were induced in mice treated at the 120 mg kg−1 dose level. The highest silver levels were observed in the spleen, followed by liver, lungs and kidneys. The elimination half‐lives and clearance of AgNPs were 15.6 h and 1.0 ml h−1 g−1 for male mice and 29.9 h and 0.8 ml h−1 g−1 for female mice. These results indicated that AgNPs could be distributed extensively to various tissues in the body, but primarily in the spleen and liver. Furthermore, there appears to be gender‐related differences in the biokinetic profiles in blood and distribution in lungs and kidneys following an intravenous injection of AgNPs. The data from this study provides information on toxicity and biodistribution of AgNPs following intravenous administration in mice, which represents the worst case scenario of toxicity among all the different administration routes, and may shed light in the future use of products containing AgNPs in humans. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurologic indications for therapeutic plasma exchange: 2011 update
Authors: Gwathmey Kelly , Balogun Rasheed A. , Burns Ted 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNeurologists commonly use therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to treat a number of conditions. This concise review examines the most common neurologic indications for TPE. It focuses on Guillain‐Barre' syndrome and myasthenia gravis and also the role of TPE in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Lambert–Eaton syndrome, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, paraproteinemic polyneuropathy, Sydenham's chorea, and natalizumab‐associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). As with any treatment, the proven efficacy, cost, side effects, and availability must be considered before initiation of therapy. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Internal auditing and the Dodd‐Frank act
Authors: Shapiro David M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe possible effect of the Dodd‐Frank Act on internal auditing and corporate culture has been the subject of wide speculation by experts. But the author of this article cautions that what it is feared to do at some point—and what it actually has done to date—are broadly different.Is it likely to rehabilitate corporate cultures from the inside out? Will it be effective? The author, an expert in forensic accounting, weighs in with his opinion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Latent Factor Structure of Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas: Are Schemas Organized Into Domains?
Authors: Kriston Levente , Schäfer Janina , von Wolff Alessa , Härter Martin , Hölzel Lars P. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveIn previous research it has not been clarified whether the first‐order schema factors of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) can be structured into higher order domains. We examined whether investigators’ subjective choices between complex models of the YSQ or chance as opposed to clinical diversity of the samples may be responsible for the heterogeneity of results reported in the literature.MethodWe used confirmatory factor analysis to compare several a priori defined domain models in a sample of 542 undergraduate students (82.8% female; mean age 24.1 years) and 590 nonstudent adults (73.9% female; mean age 34.5 years) form an Internet survey. An additional Monte Carlo simulation study was performed to gain further insights on model selection.ResultsThe analyses did not provide unequivocal support for the presence of a second‐order domain structure. However, study findings suggested that the structure of the YSQ could be represented by a bifactor model including a first‐order generic factor on which all items load and correlated first‐order specific schema factors on which only the items load that were meant to measure the respective schemas.ConclusionIn the YSQ either several second‐order domain structures are present that cannot be ranked by statistical measures alone or a first‐order generic factor is present making second‐order domains dispensable. Future research should include theoretical arguments and incorporate the clinical experience of practitioners. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 00:1–15, 2012.
C‐11 labelling of AG957 — a potential tyrphostin radiotracer for pet
Authors: Ackermann U. , Tochon‐Danguy H. J. , Young K. , Sachinidis J. I. , Chan J. G. , Scott A. M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a cancer of one of the two main types of white blood cells, the neutrophiles. The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is the most prominent cytogenic abnormality in CML. The existence of this chromosome is due to a translocation, involving the bcr‐gene on chromosome 22 and the abl‐gene on chromosomes 9. The expression of the tyrosine kinase p210bcr‐abl, a 210kDa fusion protein, is the result of this translocation. Tyrphostins (1, 2) are inhibitors of this enzyme and have been synthesised as potential drugs. The tyrphostin AG957 is of particular interest because of its small size, which enables the molecule to permeate cells (3), and because of its selectivity for p210bcr‐abl over the normally expressed p140c‐abl.In this study, we have radiolabelled AG957 (1) with the radioisotope C‐11 in order to be evaluated as a potential agent for clinical PET studies of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Fluorine‐substituted ligands for the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (Pparγ): Potential imaging agents for metastatic tumors
Authors: Kim S. H. , Jonson S. D. , Welch M. J. , Katzenellenbogen J. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFluorine‐substituted analogs of ligands for the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a new target for tumors imaging, retained receptor binding affinity in vitro, but did not show receptor‐mediated uptake in vivo.
Preparation of [124I]IBA‐annexin‐V as a potential pet probe for apoptosis
Authors: Glaser M. , Collingridge D. R. , Aboagye E. , Bouchier‐Hayes L. , Brown D. J. , Hutchinson O. C. , Martin S. , Price P. , Luthra S. K. , Brady F. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract[124I]Iodo‐annexin‐V and [124I]IBA‐Annexin‐V have been prepared using direct and indirect methods, respectively. [124I]IBA‐annexin‐V was prepared using [124I]m‐N‐succinimidyl iodobenzoate ([124I]m‐SIB). Preliminary in vitro binding studies have shown enhanced binding of [124I]IBA‐annexin‐V to human leukaemic cells induced to undergo apoptosis compared to untreated cells.
Halogen‐substituted triarylpyrazoles: Potential estrogen receptor‐alpha selective radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Vijaykumar Dange , Katzenellenbogen John A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHalogen‐substituted analogs of a pyrazole ligand for the estrogen receptor have been synthesized. These analogs retain much of the affinity preference of the parent ligand for the estrogen receptor alpha subtype (ERα) vs the beta subtype (ERβ).
Biodistribution and urinary excretion of 4‐IODO‐L‐meta‐tyrosine
Authors: Shikano N. , Kawai K. , Flores Ii L. G. , Nishii R. , Kubodera A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe examined the biodistribution and urinary excretion of 125I‐4‐iodo‐L‐meta‐tyrosine (4‐125I‐L‐mTyr) in mice, in order to compare the results with that of 3‐[125I]iodo‐alpha‐methyl‐L‐tyrosine (125I‐L‐AMT). Three hours after administration, more than 70% of the excretion of 4‐125I‐L‐mTyr was in the urine, and less than 5% was found in the feces. The kidney homogenate and urine analysis on its metabolites revealed that most of the accumulated radioactivity belonged to intact 4‐125I‐L‐mTyr (>95%). These results indicated its high metabolic stability, which was comparable to 125I‐L‐AMT stability. However, the blood clearance of 4‐125I‐L‐mTyr was faster than that of 125I‐L‐AMT. 4‐125I‐L‐mTyr accumulation in mouse kidney cortex was approximately 80% lower than that of 125I‐L‐AMT. Probenecid reduced the 4‐125I‐L‐mTyr accumulation in the kidney and urinary excretion, similar to 125I‐L‐AMT.
3‐[123I]IODO‐α‐methyl‐L‐tyrosine as a substrate of human L‐type amino acid transporter‐1
Authors: Shikano N. , Kawai K. , Ishikawa N. , Kubodera A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe have clarified the membrane transport characteristics of 3‐[123I]Iodo‐α‐methyl‐L‐tyrosine by molecular biological methods with cDNAs of an amino acid transporter. Uptake and inhibition studies of this compound were performed with human L‐type amino acid transporter‐1 and a heavy chain of human 4F2 cell surface antigen co‐expressed Xenopus laevis oocytes. 3‐[125I]Iodo‐α‐methyl‐L‐tyrosine uptake was decreased by the presence of Ala, Ser, Thr, Cys, Leu, IIeu, Phe, Met, Tyr, His, Trp, Val, Asn, and Gln. The uptake was Na+‐independent, and was activated by a heavy chain of human 4F2 cell surface antigen.
3‐O‐methyl‐6‐[123I]IODO‐L‐DOPA (OMID) — an amino acid derivative for tumour imaging with spect
Authors: Wunderlich G. , Füchtner F. , Bergmann R. , Bredow J. , Steinbach J. , Johannsen B. , Franke W. G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractStarting from the convincing first results in clinics and the interesting biological behaviour of 3‐O‐methyl‐6‐[18F]fluoro‐l‐DOPA ([18F]OMFD)(1) we synthesize the iodine labelled amino acid analogue [123I]OMID, using the same tin organic precursor. The product is stable in vitro and in vivo. Initial biological data are described.
Synthesis of C1‐[18F]fluoroethylamnino asparagine for imaging cancer
Authors: Wolf B. , Schirrmacher R. , Förster G. J. , Bartenstein P. , Rösch F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractC1‐[18F]fluoroethylamino asparagine was synthesised from N1‐t‐boc C1‐p‐nitrophenol asparagine and the radiolabelled precursor [18F]flouroethylamine in a one‐pot‐synthesis. The yield of this synthesis was 22% referring to [18F]fluoride, including the removal of the protection groups. The in vivo tests are in progress.
Synthesis of [18F]‐Fluoroethylfenoterol for imaging β2 receptor status in lung in vivo
Authors: Schirrmacher E. , Schirrmacher R. , Buhl R. , Wessler I. , Machulla H.‐J. , Rösch F. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract5‐(‐{2‐[4‐(2‐[18F]Fluoroethoxy)‐phenyl]‐l‐methyl‐ethylamino}‐l‐hydroxy‐ethyl)‐benzene‐1, 3‐diol ([18F]fluoroethylfenoterol) was synthesised from 4‐(2‐{benzyl‐[2‐(3,5‐bis‐benzyloxy‐phenyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐ethyl]‐amino}‐propyl)‐phenol using 2‐[18F]fluoroethyltosylate (92% RCY) followed by reductive cleavage of the benzyl protecting groups. Preliminary in vitro tests showed [19F]fluoroethylfenoterol to be as potent in relaxation of lung tissue as fenoterol itself.
Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of N1‐methyl‐9‐[(1‐hydroxy‐3‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐propoxy)methyl]guanine [18F]MFHPG, a new substrate of HSV‐1‐thymidine kinase
Authors: Noll B. , Noll St. , Grote M. , Scheunemann M. , Brust P. , Friedrich A. , Hauses M. , Schackert H. K. , Johannsen B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe labelling procedure for N1‐methyl‐9‐[(1‐hydroxy‐3‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐propoxy)methyl]guanine ([18F]MFHPG), a novel substrate of HSV1‐TK that possess potent properties to image the gene expression, and its preliminary biodistribution in rats are reported. The biodistribution studies of [18F]MFHPG in male Wistar rats show a fast blood clearance. The erythrocyte binding of the tracer was negligible and no metabolites were found. In vitro studies in HSV‐TK expressing cells reveal a lower uptake of [18F]MFHPG than [18F]FHPG which also correlates with the decreased octanol/water ratio.
N‐[N‐[3‐(diphenylphosphino)propionyl]glycyl]‐L‐cysteine methyl ester a BFCA for the synthesis of rhenium and technetium‐99m OXO‐complexes
Authors: Visentin R. , Menin M. , Rossin R. , Polo F. , Giron M. C. , Mazzi U. , Nicolini M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPN2S coordinate around ReO3+ and TcO3+ cores producing TcO(PN2S) complexes with the ligand acting as tetradentate in the equatorial plane in respect to MO. Two isomers of PN2S‐CO2Me have been evidentiated assuming sin‐anti positions of the methyl ester group in respect to MO.Labelling experiments with 99mTcO4− and Sn(II)‐gluconate, carried out in mild conditions, showed a single compound in high yields referred to the species 99mTcO(PN2S).
Comparison of carbon‐11 and fluorine‐18 labeled (N‐methyl)benperidol (NMB) in rodents using micropet imaging
Authors: Moerlein S. M. , Perlmutter J. S. , Engelbach J. , Sharp T. , Kim J. Y. , Rowland D. , Laforest R. , Mody P. , Patel G. , Lechner K. , Welch M. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMicroPET imaging studies with [11C]NMB or [18F]NMB in rats and mice were used to evaluate the methodology as a tool for radiopharmaceutical tracer development. Brain imaging studies show that the technique is useful with both nuclides and both species of rodent. MicroPET hold great promise for future application in neuroimaging research.
Radioactive metabolites of the 5‐HT1A receptor pet radioligand, [carbonyl‐11C]way‐100635, measured in human plasma samples
Authors: Någren K. , Halldin C. , Pike V. W. , Allonen T. , Hietala J. , Swahn C.‐G. , Andrée B. , Farde L. , Osman S. , Grasby P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMeasures of the percentage of radioactivity represented by parent radioligand in human plasma during PET experiments with [carbonyl‐11C]WAY‐100635 have been compared across 3 centres using 2 different methods. Test‐retest reliability has been examined in 5 subjects in one centre. Good agreement is found for inter‐centre and test‐retest measures.
Thymidine derivatives with tridentate metal‐chelating units and their labeling with a [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+‐KIT
Authors: Mundwiler S. , Alberto R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThymidine has been functionalized at the 5‐position of the base with several tridentate ligands. The ability of these compound to form [ReL(CO)3]‐complexes in a macroscopic scale and [99mTcL(CO)3]‐complexes under labeling conditions will be discussed.
Heterofunctionalized phosphines as anchor groups for coupling biomolecules to the fac‐[M(CO)3]+ (MRe, Tc) moiety
Authors: Correia J. D. G. , Santos I. , Alberto R. , Ortner K. , Spies H. , Drews A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe organometallic fac‐[99mTc(OH2)3(CO)3]+ reacts with heterofunctionalized phosphines with an amide group, of the general formula HPN2, H2PNO, HPNR (R = 4‐(3‐Aminopropyl)‐1‐(methoxyphenyl)piperazine), leading to the complexes [99mTc(k3‐PN2)(CO)3] (3a), [99mTc(k2‐H2PNO)X(CO)3] (4a) and [99mTc(k2‐HPNR)X(CO)3] (5a). The characterization of 3a‐5a was based on the HPLC characteristics of the corresponding Re surrogates (3–5). Under the tested experimental conditions, the more stable compounds are 4a and 5a, in which the chelate is neutral and bidentate through the phosphorus and the oxygen of the amide function. The binding affinity and selectivity of 5 for the 5HT1A receptor were determined.
PNS as tridentate ligand system for the synthesis of Tc(I) and Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes
Authors: Rossin R. , Schibli R. , Visentin R. , Ortner K. , Alberto R. , Schubiger A. , Mazzi U. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of Re(I) and 99Tc(I) tricarbonyls complexes has been performed with a new phosphine containing tridentate chelator. Characterization of the complexes showed different coordinative patterns (POO, PNS and PO). All the obtained products were stable to substitution, confirming the phosphine containing peptides as ligands suitable to stabilize the M(CO)3+ moiety.
Radiolabeled indazole‐based αvβ3 antagonists as potential tumor imaging agents
Authors: Harris T. D. , Kalogeropoulos S. , Bartis J. , Edwards D. S. , Liu S. , Onthank D. , Barrett J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIndazole‐based vitronectin receptor antagonists have been conjugated to chelators DOTA and Hynic using a variety of tethers and pharmacokinetic modifying groups. All modifications resulted in potent αvβ3 antagonists in an Elisa assay. The chelator conjugates were radiolabeled with 111In (DOTA) and 99mTc (Hynic) in >90% RCP. Biodistribution studies in the c‐Neu Oncomouse tumor model have shown high tumor uptake and primarily renal excretion for these agents. The potential use of these agents in cancer diagnosis will be discussed.
Effect of chayotte (Sechium edule) extract on the biodistribution of technetium‐99m and on the morphometry of red blood cells
Authors: Diré G. , Lima E. , Mattos D. , Oliveira M. B. , Pereira M. J. , Moreno S. , Freitas R. , Gomes M. L. , Bernardo‐Filho M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe evidence that drugs can affect radiolabeling or biodistribution of red cells in setting of nuclear medicine clinic has with to light only recently. A therapeutic drug can modify the nature/amount of technetium‐99m (99mTc) radiopharmaceutical bound to blood elements and this may result in a unexpected behavior of the radiopharmaceutical. Chayotte is used as food or as medication in popular medicine. We evaluated the influence of chayotte extract (macerated) on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (99mTcO4Na) in rats Wistar and on the morphometry of the red blood cells. The animals were treated during 60 days with chayotte extract. After that, 99mTcO4Na was injected and the animals were sacrificed. The organs were isolated and counted in a well counter. The percentages of radioactivity (%ATI) in the organs were calculated. The analysis of the results have shown that there was a decrease of %ATI in the lungs, stomach and thyroid. Histological preparations were carried out with the blood samples from the animals treated with chayotte during 15 days. Optical microscopy of red blood cells (RBC) showed important morphological alterations due to the treatment of the animals during 15 days with chayotte extract. The results could be justified by the metabolization of chayotte vegetable that could be capable to induce the generation of active metabolites with lesive properties in specific biological systems. The effects of the chayotte extract could also be due to a direct action of the compounds present in extract.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of a new receptor specific indium‐111 labeled DOTA‐ST conjugate for targeting guanylin receptors in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Gali H. , Sieckman G. L. , Hoffman T. J. , Owen N. K. , Chin D. T. , Forte L. R. , Volkert W. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new DOTA‐6‐Ahx‐Phe19‐ST[1–19] conjugate (DOTA‐Ahx‐ST), for specific targeting of guanylin receptors expressed on human colon cancer cells, was synthesized and radiolabeled with indium‐111. In vitro competitive binding assays, employing T‐84 human colon cancer cells, demonstrated an IC50 value of 3.0 ± 0.7 nM for the In‐DOTA‐Ahx‐ST conjugate. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of 111In‐DOTA‐Ahx‐ST conjugate in T‐84 human colon cancer derived xenografts in SCID mice conducted at 1, 4, and 24 hrs p.i. revealed efficient clearance from the blood pool (0.31 ± 0.06 %ID/g, 1 hr p.i.) with excretion mainly through the renal pathway (92.7 ± 0.5 %ID, 1 hr p.i.). Initial tumor uptake of 1.34 ± 0.20 %ID/g at 1 hr p.i. was observed with 54% and 18% retention at 4 and 24 hrs p.i. respectively. These results suggest that this DOTA‐Ahx‐ST peptide conjugate or a similar analogue may have an application as a radiopharmaceutical in the detection and treatment of human colon cancer using an appropriate radioisotope.
DOTA‐NOC, A high affinity ligand of the somatostatin receptor subtypes 2, 3 and 5 for radiotherapy
Authors: Schmitt J. S. , Wild D. , Ginj M. , Reubi J. C. , Waser B. , de Jong M. , Bernard B. F. , Krenning E. P. , Mäcke H. R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe parallel synthesis of DOTA‐octreotide derivatives modified with unnatural amino acids in position 3 of the peptide led to DOTA‐[1‐Nal3]‐octreotide (DOTA‐NOC), which is a high affinity radioligand for three of the five somatostatin receptor subtypes sst2, sst3 and sst5. In internalization experiments with AR42J‐cells and in first biodistributions in tumor bearing Lewis‐rats we showed that DOTA‐NOC is superior to DOTA‐OC and even to DOTA‐TOC. Whereas DOTA‐TOC binds mainly to sst2, DOTA‐NOC is a potential candidate for selective internal radiotherapy of tumors bearing sst2, 3 and 5 receptors.
Investigation of trivalent 201TI as a possible radionuclide for labelling of MoAbs
Authors: Vranješ S. D. , Trtić T. M. , Fani M. , Varvarigou A. D. , Archimandritis S. C. , Potamianos S. , Bouziotis P. , Xanthopoulos S. , Čomor J. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the possibilities for radiolabeling of antibodies with trivalent 201Tl, to be applied in Radioimmuscintigraphy. Our preliminary experiments were focused on the development of a method for oxidation of 201Tl(I) into a form suitable for antibody labeling via DTPA as chelating agent. We also studied methods for the determination of the radiochemical purity of 201Tl(III) and of 201Tl labeled radioimmunoconjugate, as well as for the optimization of procedures for labeling antibodies with 201Tl(III). The in vitro stability of 201Tl‐radioimmunoconjugate was determined, and the biodistribution of 201Tl(III) and 201Tl‐radioimmunoconjugate in normal rodents was evaluated.
Cellular uptake and processing of directly and indirectly 125I‐iodinated and 76BR‐brominated monoclonal antibody A33
Authors: Höglund J. , Tolmachev V. , Orlova A. , Lundqvist H. , Sundin A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this study the binding pattern and intracellular retention of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) A33 were investigated. The antibody was labelled with 125I or 76Br using either the conventional direct Chloramine‐T method or indirectly by conjugation of a radiohalogenated precursor resulting in 125I‐A33, [125I]para‐iodobenzoate‐A33, 76Br‐A33 or [76Br]‐para‐bromo‐benzoate‐A33, respectively. All labelled molecules bound specifically to SW1222 cells although the cellular retention of the different labels varied, with slower excretion of the radiolabel when indirect labeling of the MAb was applied. In conclusion, indirect labeling of MAbs leeds to a higher uptake and a prolonged cellular retention.
Novel gallium(III) complexes as potential pet imaging agents for probing multidrug resistance (MDR1) P‐glycoprotein (PGP) transport activity: Effect of MDR reversal agents
Authors: Sharma V. , Dahlheimer J. , Piwnica‐Worms D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEvaluation of multidrug resistance (MDR1) P‐glycoprotein (Pgp)‐mediated efflux transport is one potentially important marker in guiding chemotherapeutic treatment in cancer patients. Therefore, methods have been sought [1] to noninvasively image Pgp transport function in vivo [2–9]. In addition to existing SPECT radiotracers for probing Pgp transport activity, non‐metabolized PET agents that offer inherently enhanced spatial resolution and quantification capabilities would enable quantitative noninvasive assessment of chemotherapeutic regimens as well as MDR gene therapy. Thus, organic scaffolds capable of accommodating PET isotopes to generate stable radiopharmaceuticals are desired for functional imaging of MDR1 Pgp‐mediated transport activity.