bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of preoperative elevated lipoprotein (a) with poor survival in patients with biliary tract cancers
Authors: Fan Shanshan , Mao Yihan , Ge Yang , Liang Ziwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiliary tract cancers have garnered significant attention due to their highly malignant nature. The relationship between abnormal lipid metabolism and tumor occurrence and development is a research hotspot. However, its correlation with biliary tract cancers is unclear.MethodsWe enrolled 78 patients with biliary tract cancers and obtained data on clinical characteristics, pathological findings, and preoperative blood lipid indices, including total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglycerides (TG), and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal predictive cutoff values of lipid indicators among the participants. Independent risk factors were determined using Cox regression, and survival was predicted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.ResultsUnivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the body mass index (BMI), tumor location, surgical margin, N stage, and abnormally increased LDL‐C, TG, and Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with poor prognosis of biliary tract cancers (p < 0.05). Multifactor Cox regression demonstrated that only N stage (HR = 3.393, p < 0.001) and abnormally increased Lp(a) levels (HR = 2.814, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with shorter survival. N stage and Lp(a) were identified as independent prognostic risk factors for patients with biliary tract cancers.ConclusionThis study presents Lp(a) as a novel biochemical marker that can guide clinical treatment strategies for patients with biliary tract cancers. More effective treatment options and intensive postoperative testing should be considered to prolong the survival of these patients with preoperative abnormal lipid metabolism.
Heavy Metal Detection with Organic Moiety‐Based Sensors: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Ritu  , Narang Uma , Kumar Vinod 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeavy metal hazardous and enduring characteristics present a noteworthy risk to both human well‐being and the ecosystem. Heavy metal level monitoring requires accurate and dependable detection techniques. This review emphasizes the requirement for sophisticated detection methods that can address the issues like sensitivity, selectivity, cost and ease of use for the detection of heavy metal ions and allow for more accurate and trustworthy monitoring using various organic moieties. It offers a thorough overview of cutting‐edge organic moiety‐based heavy metal detection techniques. It primarily discusses four different types of substituted core structures, including coumarin, porphyrin, Schiff bases, and terpyridine, along with their mechanisms, methods, detection limits, and appropriate metal bindings. These moieties exhibit strong coordination with heavy metal ions because of their distinct structural characteristics. They produce stable complexes with complicated ligand‐metal interactions that are useful in a variety of applications, including sensing and catalysis. Each probe was chosen based on its propensity or capacity to identify important analytes in practical applications. To increase the effectiveness and productivity of fluorescence sensing, researchers have recently been working to create new fluorescence chemosensors that can identify many ions at once.
Expanding the Available RNA Labeling Toolbox With CutA Nucleotidyltransferase for Efficient Transcript Labeling with Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Analogs
Authors: Tomecki Rafal , Drazkowska Karolina , Madaj Rafal , Mamot Adam , Dunin‐Horkawicz Stanislaw , Sikorski Pawel J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRNA labeling is an invaluable tool for investigation of the function and localization of nucleic acids. Labels are commonly incorporated into 3′ end of RNA and the primary enzyme used for this purpose is RNA poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which belongs to the class of terminal nucleotidyltransferases (NTases). However, PAP preferentially adds ATP analogs, thus limiting the number of available substrates. Here, we report the use of another NTase, CutA from the fungus Thielavia terrestris. Using this enzyme, we were able to incorporate into the 3′ end of RNA not only purine analogs, but also pyrimidine analogs. We engaged strain‐promoted azide‐alkyl cycloaddition (SPAAC) to obtain fluorescently labeled or biotinylated transcripts from RNAs extended with azide analogs by CutA. Importantly, modified transcripts retained their biological properties. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled mRNAs were suitable for visualization in cultured mammalian cells. Finally, we demonstrate that either affinity studies or molecular dynamic (MD) simulations allow for rapid screening of NTase substrates, what opens up new avenues in the search for the optimal substrates for this class of enzymes.
Imidazoles are Tunable Nucleofuges for Developing Tyrosine‐Reactive Electrophiles
Authors: Justin Grams R. , Yuan Kun , Founds Michael W. , Ware Madeleine L. , Pilar Michael G. , Hsu Ku‐Lung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImidazole‐1‐sulfonyl and ‐sulfonate (imidazylate) are widely used in synthetic chemistry as nucleofuges for diazotransfer, nucleophilic substitution, and cross‐coupling reactions. The utility of these reagents for protein bioconjugation, in contrast, have not been comprehensively explored and important considering the prevalence of imidazoles in biomolecules and drugs. Here, we synthesized a series of alkyne‐modified sulfonyl‐ and sulfonate‐imidazole probes to investigate the utility of this electrophile for protein binding. Alkylation of the distal nitrogen activated the nucleofuge capability of the imidazole to produce sulfonyl‐imidazolium electrophiles that were highly reactive but unstable for biological applications. In contrast, arylsulfonyl imidazoles functioned as a tempered electrophile for assessing ligandability of select tyrosine and lysine sites in cell proteomes and when mated to a recognition element could produce targeted covalent inhibitors with reduced off‐target activity. In summary, imidazole nucleofuges show balanced stability and tunability to produce sulfone‐based electrophiles that bind functional tyrosine and lysine sites in the proteome.
Enzyme‐Programmed Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yongpeng , Liu Xuan , Hou Siqi , Wu Ranfeng , Yang Jing , Zhang Cheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNanoparticles are a hot topic in the field of nanomaterial research due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In recent years, DNA‐directed nanoparticle self‐assembly technology has been widely applied to the development of numerous complex nanoparticle superstructures. Due to the inherent stability and surface electric repulsion of nanoparticles, it is difficult to make nanoparticle superstructures respond to molecular signals in the external environment. In fact, enzyme‐programmed molecular systems are developed to allow diverse functions, including logical operations, signal amplification, and dynamic assembly control. Therefore, combining enzyme‐controlled DNA systems may endow nanoparticle assembly systems with more flexibility in program design, allowing them to respond to a variety of external signals. In this review, we summarize the basic principles of enzyme‐controlled DNA/nanoparticle self‐assembly and introduce its applications in heavy metal detection, gene expression, proteins inside living cells, cancer cell therapy, and drug delivery. With the continuous development of new nanoparticle materials and the increasing functionality of enzyme DNA circuits, enzyme‐directed DNA/nanoparticle self‐assembled probe technology is expected to see significant future development.
A mixed methods study of student veterans’ academic and service transitions before, during, and after attending community college(s)
Authors: Summers EJ , McEwen Danielle L. , Cordero Rafael A. , Silva Jesse 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis mixed‐methods study examined characteristics and learning experiences of student veterans who transitioned from community college(s) into a 4‐year public university. The study descriptively compared veteran versus non‐veteran transfer students, using a survey and follow‐up interviews. Results illustrated that student veterans attended larger numbers of community colleges prior to their transfer compared with non‐veterans. They tended to be older, more ethnically diverse, and more likely to be men than non‐veterans. Transfer student veterans valued (a) differences among high school, military, community college, and 4‐year learning experiences; (b) connections between coursework and career work; (c) being informed about the cultural practices and norms of college, particularly for first‐generation student veterans; and (d) persistence in navigating multiple community colleges toward achieving successful 4‐year degree completion. For student veterans, the military became a way to enact and pay for their postsecondary aspirations. Interconnected community colleges meaningfully transported them to 4‐year postsecondary achievements.
Low body mass index and risk of mortality after mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair procedure: The “obesity paradox”
Authors: Carter‐Storch Rasmus , Veien Karsten T. , Mogensen Nils Sofus Borg , Banke Ann , Tofte‐Hansen Emil Ulrikkaholm , Ali Mulham , Laursen Kristian , Dahl Jordi Sanchez 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost patients undergoing the mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) technique are elderly comorbid patients. Low body mass index (BMI) < 23 kg/m2 has been identified in other elderly populations as a risk factor, but has not been studied sufficiently in mitral TEER.AimsWe aimed to study the impact of low BMI (23 kg/m2) on the outcome after mitral TEER.MethodsPatients undergoing first‐time TEER for mitral regurgitation at a single tertiary center were included, with the exclusion of patients with preprocedural hemodynamic instability or missing BMI. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were long‐term major bleeding or admission with heart failure.ResultsA total of 120 patients (mean age 76 ± 10 years, 76% men) were included in the study. Thirty‐nine (31%) had low BMI. Patients with low BMI had a similar symptomatic benefit as patients with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 at 1 year regarding decrease in diuretics dose and decrease in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (p > 0.05). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, BMI as a continuous variable (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.93 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.87–0.99], p = 0.03) and low BMI (HR: 1.99 [95% CI: 1.12–3.52], p = 0.02) were associated with the primary outcome. Low BMI was not significantly associated with major bleeding (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 2.39 [95% CI: 0.96–5.97], p = 0.06) or admission with heart failure (SHR: 1.06 [95% CI: 0.61–1.88], p = 0.83) during follow‐up with univariable competing risk regression analysis.ConclusionLow BMI is a risk factor for mortality after mitral valve TEER, confirming the presence of an “obesity paradox” in this population and should receive attention in patient selection.
Bouveret's syndrome: A rare case of gallstone causing gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Sabir Alifa , Mushtaq Ruqia , Arshad Rabia , Khalid Noor , Ayub Maheen , Maqbool Shahzaib , Farhan Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe case highlights the importance of decisive action in addressing large gallstones causing gastric outlet obstruction. The chosen single‐stage surgical approach reflects the need to manage both obstruction and the gallstone simultaneously.AbstractBouveret's syndrome is a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction secondary to gallstones entering the enteric system through an acquired cholecystoduodenal fistula. Here, we present the case of an 85‐year‐old female who presented to our emergency department with gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a large gallstone in the third part of the duodenum. Abdominal X‐ray did not demonstrate air‐fluid levels but revealed a dilated gastric shadow, suggesting gastric outlet obstruction. EGD showed a dilated stomach and a hard, golf ball‐sized gallstone in the duodenum. CT scan showed a distended stomach with a large gallstone obstructing the DJ junction and air in the biliary tree. Findings were suggestive of perforation of the gallbladder with stone impaction in the duodenojejunal (DJ) junction. The patient was managed surgically with a one‐stage procedure comprising enterotomy, fistula closure, and cholecystectomy. Although Bouveret's syndrome is rare, it is important for practicing surgeons to have a high index of suspicion for this condition due to the high mortality associated with it.
Spontaneous pregnancy after fertility‐sparing surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced pure dysgerminoma: A case report
Authors: Göç Göksu , Göç Alida , Kastrati Gezim , Baftiu Dardan , Kurshumliu Fisnik 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageFertility‐sparing surgery and appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced malignant ovarian germ cell tumors have excellent survival results and promising reproductive and obstetric outcomes.AbstractThis case report aims to demonstrate the potential feasibility and success of fertility‐sparing surgery (FSS) coupled with adjuvant chemotherapy in treating advanced malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (MOGCT), focusing on pure dysgerminoma, fertility, and achieving spontaneous pregnancy. The patient was a 23‐year‐old female who initially presented with complaints of abdominal distension and a palpable mass and was subsequently diagnosed with advanced MOGCT. The patient provided a complete clinical and radiological response to FSS with complete surgical staging and cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin). Despite being diagnosed with advanced MOGCT and treated with FSS and adjuvant chemotherapy, she later experienced spontaneous pregnancy, giving birth to a healthy child. This case study demonstrated the potential for successful fertility preservation and pregnancy in advanced‐stage MOGCT patients treated with personalized treatment approaches. Nevertheless, a broader investigation is needed to understand the relevant complex dynamics and to ascertain whether FSS with adjuvant chemotherapy could be a reliable approach in treating advanced MOGCT.
Glomus tumor of the foot dorsum: A case report of a neglect podiatric entity
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Khlidj Yehya , Jahanzeb Ahmed , Farooq Dawood Azam , Kamran Ateeba , Fakih Nour , Abbas Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessagePodiatrists and orthopedists should be vigilant for chronically evolving, hyperalgic soft lumps in the foot with vascular radiological features, prompting early detection of glomus tumor, timely mass removal, providing pain relief and improving patient's quality of life.AbstractGlomus tumors refers to a rare group of benign perivascular neoplasms that originate from a neuromyoarterial structure called a glomus body. These tumors are characterized by their painful nature and predominant distribution in the extremities mainly the fingers, the hands and the feet. Nonetheless, the diagnosis is usually made after several years of symptoms experience as the lesions are mostly small, not palpable, and have variable presentations. Radiological workup especially with magnetic resonance imaging is very useful for diagnosing the tumoral process, however, confirmation can only be obtained by histological analysis. The treatment is purely surgical, and it is successful in most cases. Herein, we describe a case of glomus tumor of the foot dorsal side among a middle age male patient.
Physical activity, long‐term fine particulate matter exposure and type 2 diabetes incidence: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Qian , Liu Fangchao , Huang Keyong , Liang Fengchao , Shen Chong , Liao Jian , Li Jianxin , Yuan Chenxi , Yang Xueli , Cao Jie , Chen Shufeng , Hu Dongsheng , Huang Jianfeng , Liu Yang , Lu Xiangfeng , Gu Dongfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on type 2 diabetes and the beneficial role of physical activity (PA), the influence of PM2.5 on the relationship between PA and type 2 diabetes remains unclear.MethodsIn this prospective study with 71,689 participants, PA was assessed by a questionnaire and was categorized into quartiles for volume and three groups for intensity. Long‐term PM2.5 exposure was calculated using 1‐km resolution satellite‐based PM2.5 estimates. PM2.5 exposure and PA's effect on type 2 diabetes were assessed by cohort‐stratified Cox proportional hazards models, individually and in combination.ResultsIn 488,166 person‐years of follow‐up, 5487 incident type 2 diabetes cases were observed. The association between PA and type 2 diabetes was modified by PM2.5. Compared with the lowest quartile of PA volume, the highest quartile was associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk in low PM2.5 stratification (≤65.02 µg/m3) other than in high PM2.5 stratification (>65.02 µg/m3), with the hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.85) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.99–1.22), respectively. Similar results were observed for PA intensity. High PM2.5 exposure combined with the highest PA levels increased the risk of type 2 diabetes the most (HR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.59–2.01 for PA volume; HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.64–2.02 for PA intensity).ConclusionPA could reduce type 2 diabetes risk in low‐pollution areas, but high PM2.5 exposure may weaken or even reverse the protective effects of PA. Safety and health benefits of PA should be thoroughly assessed for long‐term polluted residents.
Thermochromic Vanadium Dioxide Nanostructures for Smart Windows and Radiative Cooling
Authors: Yoon Jongwon , Kim Kwang‐Seok , Hong Woong‐Ki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of energy‐saving materials and technologies has garnered significant attention for their pivotal role in mitigating both energy consumption and carbon emissions. In particular, thermochromic windows in buildings offer energy‐saving potential by adjusting the transmittance of solar irradiation in response to temperature changes. Radiative cooling (RC), radiating thermal heat from an object surface to the cold outer space, also offers a potential way for cooling without energy consumption. Accordingly, smart window and RC technologies based on thermochromic materials can play a crucial role in improving energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption in buildings in response to the surrounding temperature. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a promising thermochromic material for energy‐saving smart windows and RC due to its reversible metal‐to‐insulator transition, accompanying large changes in its optical properties. This review provides a brief summary of synthesis methods of VO2 nanostructures based on nanoparticles and thin films. Moreover, this review emphasizes and summarizes modulation strategies focusing on doping, thermal processing, and structure manipulation to improve and regulate the thermochromic and emissivity performance of VO2 for smart window and RC applications. In last, the challenges and recent advances of VO2‐based smart window and RC applications are briefly presented.
Azopyridinium Ionic Photoswitches: Tuning Half‐Lives of Z Isomers from Seconds to Days in Water
Authors: Kumar Gaur Ankit , Gupta Debapriya , Narayanan Nampoothiry Dhanyaj , Velloth Archana , Kaur Ramanpreet , Kaur Navneet , Venkataramani Sugumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein, we describe water‐soluble heteroaryl azopyridinium ionic photoswitches (HAPIPs). We aim to combine variations in five‐membered heterocycles, their substitutions, N‐alkyl groups at pyridinium nitrogen, the position of pyridinium center relative to azo group, counterions, and solvents, in achieving better photoswitching. Through these studies, we successfully tuned the half‐life of Z isomers of the resultant HAPIPs between seconds to days in water. Extensive spectroscopic studies and density functional theory (DFT) computations unravelled the factors responsible for thermal relaxation behavior. Considering the versatility of these photoswitches, the tunability of half‐lives and photoswitching in aqueous medium allows the scope of applications in several fields.
A Practical and Modular Method for Direct C−H Functionalization of the BODIPY Core via Thianthrenium Salts
Authors: Dong Xin‐Xin , Liu Jing‐Guo , Zhang Hao‐Xiang , Zhang Bo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDirect structural modification of small‐molecule fluorophores represents a straightforward and appealing strategy for accessing new fluorescent dyes with desired functionalities. We report herein a general and efficient visible‐light‐mediated method for the direct C−H functionalization of BODIPY, an important fluorescent chromophore, using readily accessible and bench‐stable aryl and alkenylthianthrenium salts. This practical approach operates at room temperature with extraordinary site‐selectivity, providing a step‐economical means to construct various valuable aryl‐ and alkenyl‐substituted BODIPY dyes. Remarkably, this protocol encompasses a broad substrate scope and excellent functional‐group tolerance, and allows for the modular synthesis of sophisticated symmetrical and asymmetrical disubstituted BODIPYs by simply employing different combinations of thianthrenium salts. Moreover, the late‐stage BODIPY modification of complex drug molecules further highlights the potential of this novel methodology in the synthesis of fluorophore‐drug conjugates.
Room‐Temperature Afterglow Nanostructures via Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhang Yue , Chen Xiuzheng , Wang Tengyue , Mo Zhe , Wang Guangming , Li Haodong , Zhang Kaka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMiniaturization of organic afterglow materials has shown promising application in biomedical and other areas. Current technologies, such as nanoprecipitation, mechanical treatment, and emulsion polymerization, lack the capability of facile control on the morphology and dimension of the miniaturized organic afterglow materials. Here we report the fabrication of organic afterglow nanostructures via block copolymer self‐assembly at room temperature. The fabrication is based on two‐component design strategy where hydrophobic luminescent emitters with small rate constants of phosphorescence decay or reverse intersystem crossing are designed as the first component. Amphiphilic block copolymers that can form spherical core‐shell micelles and worm‐like micelles with glassy hydrophobic cores are used as the second component. Upon addition of water into a dimethylformamide solution that contains the two components, the amphiphilic block copolymers self‐assemble into well‐defined nanostructures and accommodate the hydrophobic luminescent emitters in nanostructure's hydrophobic cores. After switching to pure water by dialysis, room‐temperature afterglow nanostructures have been obtained because of the excellent protection of organic triplets by the glassy hydrophobic cores. The afterglow nanostructures exhibit intriguing afterglow mechanism modulated by the types of luminescent emitters, controlled dimensions and morphologies by the structural parameters of the block copolymers.