bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral and Transport Properties of Andreev Molecule Coupled to Majorana Wire
Authors: Górski Grzegorz , Kucab Krzysztof 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe quasiparticle spectrum and transport properties of the double quantum dot (DQD) deposited on a superconducting substrate (Andreev molecule) and side‐coupled to a nanowire hosting Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are studied. Placing a DQD on the superconducting substrate induces the trivial Andreev‐bound states (ABSs) in quantum dots. However, coupling of DQD with a nanowire causes the leakage of the MZM from the topological nanowire into quantum dots. The relationship between the Andreev states and the Majorana mode for different values of the coupling parameters is analyzed. Additionally, it is shown that the connection point of a metallic tip, treated as an scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip, affects the measured results of the differential conductance.
Entanglement Protection Using Weak Measurement in Non‐Markovian Environment
Authors: Yang Xiuyi , Zhang Feng , Yin Hongjie , Nie Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, a scheme to protect quantum entanglement from a non‐Markovian noisy environment is proposed. By applying two quantum weak measurements before and after sending the quantum state into the noisy channel, the quantum state can be “pushed” closer to a decoherence‐free state, reducing decoherence during the time evolution. Then, the second weak measurement can partially retrieve the initial quantum state from the state corrupted by the noisy environment. The study involves a non‐Markovian dynamic equation to examine the impact of the memory effect on the protection scheme's performance. Various factors affecting the residual entanglement and the success probability are analyzed. The results suggest that two measurement strengths shall be chosen approximately in a linear relation, with the best ratio determined by the memory time of the environment. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the memory effect significantly enhances the protection efficiency. Lastly, the scheme's robustness against systematic errors is evaluated.
Participation experiences of indirect victims of child sexual homicide in parole proceedings
Authors: Luksic Ziliani María Asunción , Álvarez‐Lister María Soledad , Pietrasanta Nicolás , Acosta‐Fuentes Alejandra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFew studies have examined victim participation in parole processes, particularly in countries that have specific procedures for hearing victims' statements in post‐conviction proceedings. This study, through in‐depth interviews, explores the experiences of seven indirect victims of child sexual homicide, identifying their needs and expectations in a justice system lacking formal mechanisms for their involvement. Results emphasize the necessity for official information for families and the consequent frustration from the absence of formal participation. Parole application becomes a new challenge to the ongoing grieving process, leading to distress responses that may require specialized care. Recommendations about formal mechanisms for victim notification, participation and support during the parole process are noted to acknowledge their experience and emotional impact.
AAVS1‐targeted, stable expression of ChR2 in human brain organoids for consistent optogenetic control
Authors: Hong Soojung , Lee Juhee , Kim Yunhee , Kim Eunjee , Shin Kunyoo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelf‐organizing brain organoids provide a promising tool for studying human development and disease. Here we created human forebrain organoids with stable and homogeneous expression of channelrhodopsin‐2 (ChR2) by generating AAVS1 safe harbor locus‐targeted, ChR2 knocked‐in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), followed by the differentiation of these genetically engineered hPSCs into forebrain organoids. The resulting ChR2‐expressing human forebrain organoids showed homogeneous cellular expression of ChR2 throughout entire regions without any structural and functional perturbations and displayed consistent and robust neural activation upon light stimulation, allowing for the non‐virus mediated, spatiotemporal optogenetic control of neural activities. Furthermore, in the hybrid platform in which brain organoids are connected with spinal cord organoids and skeletal muscle spheroids, ChR2 knocked‐in forebrain organoids induced strong and consistent muscle contraction upon brain‐specific optogenetic stimulation. Our study thus provides a novel, non‐virus mediated, preclinical human organoid system for light‐inducible, consistent control of neural activities to study neural circuits and dynamics in normal and disease‐specific human brains as well as neural connections between brain and other peripheral tissues.
Towards hybrid technical learning: Transforming traditional Laboratories for distance learning
Authors: Abekiri Najib , Ajaamoum Mohammed , Rachdy Azzedine , Nassiri Boujemaa , Benydir Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rise in the number of students pursuing scientific and technical fields, along with the constraints of physical infrastructure and the difficulties posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic, has led to a reassessment of conventional laboratory learning. The shift towards virtual or remote laboratories is not only a response to these challenges but also a chance to enhance educational methodologies in science and engineering. This study aims to develop and evaluate a method for transforming traditional laboratories into distance laboratories for science and engineering education. The focus is on optimizing existing laboratory equipment and integrating low‐cost IoT solutions to facilitate distance experiments while adopting a hybrid learning approach. This approach seamlessly integrates theory, simulations, remote experiments, and reflective activities. The study analyzed a diverse group of students from the electrical engineering discipline, evaluating their engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. The preliminary results suggest an increase in student motivation and engagement, demonstrating improved analytical capacity and a more comprehensive understanding of experimental concepts. The implementation of IoT solutions in traditional laboratories can transform them into hybrid learning environments. This integration of practical and digital methods can address challenges and improve learning experiences. It emphasizes the importance of evolving teaching practices to engage and motivate students in the digital era.
Tophaceous gout
Authors: Neupane Durga , Lageju Nimesh , Jaiswal Lokesh Shekher , Pandit Narendra , Mahat Asim , Ghimire Saransh , Pokhrel Upendra , Koirala Sefali 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageHyperuricemic patients (≥7.8 mg/dL) can develop polyarticular tophaceous gout from intermittent arthritis if untreated. Acute flares and tophi development can be avoided by lowering blood urate levels with xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Severe coinfection of dengue and malaria: A case report
Authors: Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Mohamed Nouh Saad , Ahmed Ayman 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageIn countries like Sudan, where several infectious diseases are prevalent, health care providers should not be satisfied with initial detection of a single pathogen and whenever it is feasible, they should investigate coinfections. Infections with high mortality or severe morbidity should be prioritized during the differential diagnosis particularly for diseases with similar clinical manifestations to reduce the death and disability rates. However, this requires substantial improvement in the diagnostic capacity.AbstractHere we report a case of dengue and malaria coinfection from the southeast region of Sudan, bordering Ethiopia and Eritrea. A 25‐year‐old male from Sudan presented with symptoms of fever, chills, vomiting, and muscle and joint pain. Laboratory investigations confirmed a coinfection of dengue and malaria, which is assumingly not uncommon in areas heavily syndemic with several diseases but it is severely under‐detected, underreported, and underestimated. The case has fully recovered after the supportive care for dengue and chemotherapy treatment for malaria. In such a case, it was important to monitor the patient's recovery and the treatment outcome through clinical indicators and laboratory parameters to update the treatment course whenever needed, according to response. The increasing burden and outbreaks of vector‐borne diseases including dengue and malaria in Sudan, indicates the need for improving the implementation of the global vector control response that established by the World Health Organization. Additionally, the increasing prevalent of coinfections is urging substantial improvement in the diagnostic capacity in endemic countries.
Cellular‐resolution gene expression mapping reveals organization in the head ganglia of the gastropod, Berghia stephanieae
Authors: Ramirez M. Desmond , Bui Thi N. , Katz Paul S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGastropod molluscs such as Aplysia, Lymnaea, and Tritonia have been important for determining fundamental rules of motor control, learning, and memory because of their large, individually identifiable neurons. Yet only a small number of gastropod neurons have known molecular markers, limiting the ability to establish brain‐wide structure–function relations. Here we combine high‐throughput, single‐cell RNA sequencing with in situ hybridization chain reaction in the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae to identify and visualize the expression of markers for cell types. Broad neuronal classes were characterized by genes associated with neurotransmitters, like acetylcholine, glutamate, serotonin, and GABA, as well as neuropeptides. These classes were subdivided by other genes including transcriptional regulators and unannotated genes. Marker genes expressed by neurons and glia formed discrete, previously unrecognized regions within and between ganglia. This study provides the foundation for understanding the fundamental cellular organization of gastropod nervous systems.
‘Accelerated’ Deactivation of Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst for Solar Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xiao Mu , Lyu Miaoqiang , Wang Zitong , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCarbon nitride photocatalysts are among the most studied candidates for efficient solar hydrogen (H2) production due to their abundance of precursors, suitable bandgap, and visible light utilization. However, the polymeric nature of carbon nitride materials raises concerns regarding the self‐decomposition during photocatalytic redox processes. Yet, the operational stability of carbon nitride photocatalysts for solar H2 production remains under‐explored. Here we evaluate the photostability of carbon nitride photocatalysts with platinum (Pt) as the co‐catalyst for solar H2 evolution and significant deactivation of this photocatalyst is observed under'accelerated’ testing conditions. It is demonstrated that the detachment of the Pt co‐catalyst on the surface of carbon nitride is the major reason for this deactivation, which can be attributed to a synergistic effect of photo‐corrosion and mechanical stirring. The photo‐corrosion weakens the interfacial bonding between carbon nitride and Pt co‐catalyst, while continuous collisions from the mechanical stirring promote the detachment of co‐catalysts from the surface of carbon nitride. These understandings provide insights into the rational design of photocatalysts and photocatalytic systems for improved operational stability.
A Comparison of Monoglyceride Production from Microalgaelipids and Rapeseed Oil Catalyzed by Metal Oxides
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela F. , Ríos Pinto Luisa F. , Filho Rubens Maciel , Fregolente Leonardo V. , Hayward James S. , Bartley Jonathan K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis manuscript reports for the first time a heterogenous catalytic route to monoglycerides (MAGs) from microalgal oil. Microalgae is an important biomass source with high‐value applications, such as food ingredients with essential fatty acids. To date, the glycerolysis of microalgae has only been investigated for a microbial oil (Schizochytrium sp.) using enzyme catalysis. However, the use of enzymes on a large scale is currently economically impeditive and requires highly selective lipases. In this study, metal oxides were screened and the reaction conditions optimized for rapeseed oil. The optimized conditions were then used to investigate the production of MAGs from Scenedesmus sp. microalga. The most promising catalyst was found to be MgO/KOH, which gave a 44 % yield. Comparing two reaction systems (low temperature 70 °C/atmospheric pressure and high temperature at 200 °C/20 bar), it was found that the latter has a superior performance. Due to the stability of the product in air, the presence of an inert atmosphere is essential to achieve high yields.
Seasonality in functional connectivity: A case study with the American marten in Forillon National Park
Authors: Viau Julie‐Pier , Sigouin Daniel , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProtected areas are essential tools for reducing loss of global biodiversity. To fulfill their ecological functions, protected areas must be connected to their surroundings, a requirement that is difficult to meet in landscapes intensively disturbed by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, protecting movement corridors at the edges of protected areas is crucial, especially for species with broad habitat needs, such as the American marten (Martes americana). However, habitat selection and space use patterns are dynamic processes, so we could expect that functional connectivity would vary temporally in response to changing environmental conditions and levels of human activities. In this study, we aimed at predicting the location of movement corridors for the American marten in Forillon National Park and its periphery during two contrasted periods (snow‐free: May–November; snow‐covered: December–April). We used “seasonal” resource selection functions to identify core areas (interpreted as circuit “nodes”) and CircuitScape to delineate movement corridors between them based on the electrical circuit theory. Habitat selection patterns differed between periods, with martens avoiding open areas, high elevations and road proximity during the snow‐free period, while avoiding areas closer to secondary roads but selecting areas closer to primary roads and housing structures during the snow‐covered period. Consequently, the location of movement corridors differed partially between periods. Functional connectivity was favored by the presence of forest patches for both periods, while being constrained by open environments, especially during the snow‐free period. Our study highlights the importance of modeling functional connectivity at fine temporal scales in order to provide movement corridors that fulfill the requirements of a species at each period of its annual cycle.
(Radio)Fluorination Reactions for the Synthesis of Aryl Fluorides: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Han Jie , Zhang Zhan‐Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe formation of carbon‐fluorine (C−F) bonds is an important research field in organic synthesis because inserting a fluorine atom into an organic compound can alter its physicochemical properties, such as metabolic stability and permeability. Due to this unique property, organic fluorinated compounds, especially aryl fluorides, have a wide range of applications in various fields, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. Therefore, numerous metal‐ or metal‐free‐mediated fluorination reactions have been developed to synthesize aryl fluorides. In this mini‐review, we summarize recent ten years’ advances in fluorination reactions for the synthesis of aryl fluorides.
Co‐pyrolysis of cypress sawdust and green algae over Ni/ZrO2 catalyst: Syngas yield and carbon emission
Authors: Wan Ziliang , Sun Wei , Tian Longjin , Fan Guozhi , Pan Cheng , Cheng Qunpeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn order to promote syngas yield and reduce carbon emission, Ni loaded ZrO2 (Ni/ZrO2) catalysts were prepared for the co‐pyrolysis of cypress sawdust and green algae in a two stage fixed bed reactor. The syngas yield, syngas component, and carbon emission were investigated. The results showed that Ni/ZrO2 catalyst could obviously increase the combustible gas component in syngas. H2 content was increased from 7.5% (single component) and 8.12% (co‐pyrolysis) to 16.56% (catalytic pyrolysis). CO content was also increased from 19.62% (single component) and 19.46% (co‐pyrolysis) to 25.94% (catalytic pyrolysis). However the catalyst had a little effect on the syngas yield compared with single component pyrolysis and co‐pyrolysis. The pyrolysis temperature could make great influence on the carbon emission. The carbon emission reduction was increased from 33.32 to 234.25 g CO2 and from 105.94 to 369.23 g CO2, respectively for green algae and cypress sawdust.
Determining the exergy and energy efficiency of an organic Rankine cycle using fuzzy logic method
Authors: Elbir Ahmet , Şahin Mehmet Erhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) serves as a pivotal technology for energy conversion, harnessing high‐temperature organic liquids sourced from heat reservoirs to propel turbines and generate electricity. This process not only facilitates the conversion of heat into mechanical energy but also significantly mitigates environmental impacts. ORC stands out as the preferred technology for enhancing energy efficiency and leveraging low‐temperature resources optimally. With the advent of artificial intelligence, particularly fuzzy logic, these systems have witnessed integration, providing a robust solution to address uncertainties. Unlike traditional logic, which offers binary outcomes, fuzzy logic offers a more adaptable approach by accommodating uncertainty, thus enabling modeling of complex real‐world situations. In this study, utilizing the fuzzy logic method, we estimated the energy and exergy efficiency of the ORC, resulting in an impressive 90% estimation accuracy.
Catalytic pyrolysis of torrefied biomass with molecular sieve catalysts to produce hydrocarbon rich biocrude
Authors: Singh Ranjita , Kakku Sivasankar , Shah Khushee , Zhang Xiaolei , Sharma Abhishek , Chakinala Nandana , Chakinala Anand G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe downstream processing of biocrudes obtained from direct biomass pyrolysis poses significant challenges due to stability issues, necessitating costly upgrading for further coprocessing with refinery feeds. This study examines the impact of torrefaction pretreatment on pyrolysis product distribution and biocrude composition using sawdust (SD) and groundnut shell (GS) feeds. Torrefaction was conducted at varying temperatures (200, 250 and 300°C) for 30 min under different reactor conditions. Increasing the severity of torrefaction resulted in decreased biocrude yields with reduced water content and gas formation, particularly evident with GS. A torrefaction temperature of 250°C and 30 min of pretreatment yielded higher phenolics and hydrocarbons. This increase in phenolics can be attributed to lignin enrichment during torrefaction, which, in the presence of a catalyst, undergoes deoxygenation leading to hydrocarbon formation. The influence of feed particle size, whether in powder or pellet form, on biocrude yield and composition was found to be minimal. Catalytic pyrolysis of SD using molecular sieve catalysts yielded the highest hydrocarbon (42%) and aromatic content (44%) at catalyst to biomass ratios of 1:1 and 2:3. The combination of torrefaction and pyrolysis was shown to enhance the quality of biocrude by increasing its hydrocarbon content, but at the expense of lower liquid yields. Experimental observations were supported by statistical analysis tools such as principal component analysis, which assessed pyrolysis product yields and composition.
Review of the development and research of permeable pavements
Authors: Zhou Jinjun , Pang Yali , Du Wei , Huang Tianyi , Wang Hao , Zhou Meilin , Liu Jiahong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPermeable pavements, which not only increase rainwater infiltration and purify surface runoff water but also absorb noise and promote evaporative cooling, are an effective measure for alleviating urban flooding and the heat island effect. Moreover, permeable pavements have significant implications for the urban hydrological cycle and for human development that promotes ecosystem health. This paper reviews the development history of permeable pavements, evaluates the technical aspects and benefits thereof in the context of green city construction, and analyzes existing issues in the development of permeable pavements. This paper mainly discusses the current classifications of permeable pavements, the indicators used to evaluate permeable pavements, and construction techniques with a focus on two aspects: improving strength and removing blockages for planning, and three aspects: enhancing permeability, recycling resources, and preventing pollution for ecohydrological effects. Further, this paper discusses the benefits of permeable pavements and the commonly used methods for evaluating benefits. The main problems in the development and construction of permeable pavements include the limitations of permeable pavements, difficulty in evaluating their benefits, and restrictions on their applications. The following recommendations are proposed: improve the evaluation mechanism for permeable pavements, establish appropriate guidance for construction, scientifically and quantitatively analyse the feasibility of permeable pavement construction, evaluate the rationality of permeable pavement construction in various regions, and encourage the construction of permeable pavements in suitable areas. The importance of developing standards and technical specifications is also emphasized.
Potential causal links of long‐term exposure to PM2.5 and its chemical components with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma recurrence: A 10‐year cohort study in South China
Authors: Sun Xurui , Lin Xiao , Yao Jijin , Tian Tian , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Shimin , Hu Weihua , Jiang Jie , Tang Hui , Cai Huanle , Guo Tong , Chen Xudan , Chen Zhibing , Zhang Man , Sun Yongqing , Lin Shao , Qu Yanji , Deng Xinlei , Lin Ziqiang , Xia Liangping , Jin Yanan , Zhang Wangjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is a lack of evidence from cohort studies on the causal association of long‐term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical components with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) recurrence. Based on a 10‐year prospective cohort of 1184 newly diagnosed NPC patients, we comprehensively evaluated the potential causal links of ambient PM2.5 and its chemical components including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), and ammonium (NH4+) with the recurrence risk of NPC using a marginal structural Cox model adjusted with inverse probability weighting. We observed 291 NPC patients experiencing recurrence during the 10‐year follow‐up and estimated a 33% increased risk of NPC recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.74) following each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 exposure. Each IQR increment in BC, NH4+, OM, NO3−, and SO42− was associated with HRs of 1.36 (95%CI: 1.13–1.65), 1.35 (95%CI: 1.07–1.70), 1.33 (95%CI: 1.11–1.59), 1.32 (95%CI: 1.06–1.64), 1.31 (95%CI: 1.08–1.57). The elderly, patients with no family history of cancer, no smoking history, no drinking history, and those with severe conditions may exhibit a greater likelihood of NPC recurrence following exposure to PM2.5 and its chemical components. Additionally, the effect estimates of the five components are greater among patients who were exposed to high concentration than in the full cohort of patients. Our study provides solid evidence for a potential relationship between long‐term exposure to PM2.5 and its components and the risk of NPC recurrence.