bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted expression of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Fludara® for prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Xie Xinhua , Guo Jiaoli , Kong Yanan , Xie Gene Xianquan , Li Laishen , Lv Ning , Xiao Xiangsheng , Tang Jun , Wang Xi , Liu Peng , Yang Mingtian , Xie Zeming , Wei Weidong , Xie Xiaoming 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (HSV‐tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) comprised the most commonly used suicide gene therapy for prostate cancer, with modest results being obtained. However, novel suicide genes, such as Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), have been utilized to demonstrate more potent tumor killing and an enhanced bystander effect on local, non‐expressing cells compared to HSV‐tk.MethodsPNP/fludarabine (Fludara®; fludarabine phosphate; Berlex Labs, Richmond, CA, USA) was deliveried by prostate‐specific, rat probasin‐based promoter, ARR2PB. After infection of various cell lines with ADV.ARR2PB‐PNP and administration of androgen analog, R1881, expression of PNP mRNA was detected; in vivo, the antitumor effect of the ARR2PB‐PNP/Fludara system was monitored and analyzed, as well as animal survival.ResultsAfter in vitro infection with ADV.ARR2PB‐PNP (multiplicity of infection = 10), LNCaP cells were more sensitive to a lower concentration Fludara (LD50, approximately 0.1 µg/ml) in the presence of R1881. Furthermore, robust bystander effects after R1881/Fludara treatment were observed in LNCaP cells after infection with bicistronic vector ADV.ARR2PB/PNP‐IRES‐EGFP in contrast to a much weaker effect in cells treated with ADV.CMV‐HSV‐tk/GCV. In vivo, tumor size in the ADV.ARR2PB‐PNP/Fludara treatment group was dramatically smaller than in the control groups, and the mice treated with our system had a significantly prolonged survival, with three of eight mice surviving up to the 160‐day termination point, as well as no systemic toxicity.ConclusionsThe ARR2PB‐PNP/Fludara system induced massive tumor cell death and a prolonged life span without systemic cytotoxicity; therefore, it might be a more attractive strategy for suicide gene therapy of prostate cancer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Racemic synthesis of 2′‐substituted nicotine analogs
Authors: Rouchaud Anne , Kem William R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe chemical and pharmacological properties of 2′‐substituted nicotines are poorly understood relative to other substituted nicotines. We developed a practical synthesis of the key intermediate (±)‐2′‐cyanonicotine using the Polonovski reaction. Alkylation of (±)‐2′‐cyanonicotine with Grignard reagents led to several 2′‐alkylnicotines; (±)‐2′‐aminomethylnicotine, (±)‐2′‐hydroxymethylnicotine, and (±)‐2′‐carbamoylnicotine were also synthesized. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Eag1, Eag2, and SK3 potassium channel expression in the rat hippocampus after global transient brain ischemia
Authors: de Oliveira R.M. Weffort , Martin S. , de Oliveira C. Lino , Milani H. , Schiavon A.P. , Joca S. , Pardo L.A. , Stühmer W. , Del Bel E.A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTransient global brain ischemia causes delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus that has been associated with impairments in hippocampus‐dependent brain function, such as mood, learning, and memory. We investigated the expression of voltage‐dependent Kcnh1 and Kcnh5, ether à go‐go‐related Eag1 and Eag2 (KV10.1 and KV10.2), and small‐conductance calcium‐activated SK3 (KCa2.3, Kcnn3) K+ channels in the hippocampus in rats after transient global brain ischemia. We tested whether the expression of these channels is associated with behavioral changes by evaluating the animals in the elevated plus maze and step‐down inhibitory avoidance task. Seven or tweny‐eight days after transient global brain ischemia, one group of rats had the hippocampus bilaterally dissected, and mRNA levels were determined. Seven days after transient global brain ischemia, the rats exhibited a decrease in anxiety‐like behavior and memory impairments. An increase in anxiety levels was detected 28 days after ischemia. Eag2 mRNA downregulation was observed in the hippocampus 7 days after transient global brain ischemia, whereas Eag1 and SK3 mRNA expression remained unaltered. This is the first experimental evidence that transient global brain ischemia temporarily alters Eag2. The number of intact‐appearing pyramidal neurons was substantially decreased in CA1 and statistically measurable in CA2, CA3, and CA4 hippocampal subfields compared with sham control animals 7 or 28 days after ischemia. mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus. The present results provide further information for the characterization of the physiological role of Eag2 channels in the central nervous system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A critical literature review on the processing of table olives
Authors: Frankel Edwin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAbout 20% of the fruits of olive trees are used for producing table olives, but the literature on the lipid composition of extracted table olives is limited and controversial. Although, the composition of olive oils extracted from various sources has been extensively reported, excessive efforts have been devoted on the use of undefined chemometric methods requiring sophisticated statistical techniques. More reliable and sensitive chemical methods are required to analyze oils from different olive preparations, including widely ranging polyunsaturated fatty acids that affect significantly the oxidative stability of the extracted oils.
The synthesis, properties, and applications of ascorbyl esters
Authors: Karmee Sanjib Kumar 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAscorbic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant. Nevertheless, its primary applications as an antioxidant in the life science, food and pharmaceutical industries are limited because of its hydrophilic nature. Alternatively, ascorbyl acid esters are potential surfactants and antioxidants. Chemical methods for the synthesis of ascorbyl esters lead to the formation of side products and simultaneous decomposition of ascorbic acid due to harsh reaction conditions. In contrast, lipases are used as regioselective and mild catalysts for the synthesis of ascorbyl esters. So far, various acyl donors namely, fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty acid vinyl esters and triacylglycerols have been explored for the synthesis of ascorbyl fatty esters. Other compounds such as L‐methyl lactate, bixin, phenyl butyric acid are also used as acyl donors. This article is focused on the recent developments of lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of ascorbyl esters, their antioxidant properties and applications.
Branched and Network Polysilanes as Cleavable Macrophotoinitiators
Authors: Tehfe Mohamad‐Ali , Lalevée Jacques , Shankar Ravi , Sahoo Usharani , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Graff Bernadette , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe branched polysilane [(PhMeSi)0.8‐co‐(Et3Si(CH2)2Si)0.2]n (PS‐1) as well as the network polysilane [Et3Si(CH2)3Si]n (PS‐2) have been investigated as new polymerization photoinitiating structures. The behavior of PS‐1 was compared with that of [(PhMeSi)]n to demonstrate the enhancement of the photoinitiation for the branched system. As a result of the Si–Si bond cleavage under light and the formation of reactive silyl radicals or silyl cations, these compounds act as efficient photoinitiators (PIs) for free radical photopolymerization (FRP) and free radical promoted cationic polymerization (FRPCP). The polymerization initiating ability of PS‐1 is higher than that of PS‐2 under air. The initiating ability for the ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides is excellent for PS‐1. These polymeric PIs overcome the classical oxygen inhibition in FRP or FRPCP.
Self‐Rolled Polymer Tubes: Novel Tools for Microfluidics, Microbiology, and Drug‐Delivery Systems
Authors: Luchnikov Valeriy , lonov Leonid , Stamm Manfred 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecent work on the fabrication of tubular microstructures via self‐rolling of thin, bilayer polymer films is reviewed. A bending moment in the films arises due to the swelling of one component of the bilayer in a selective solvent. The inner diameters of the tubes vary from hundreds of nanometers to dozens of micrometers. The position of the tubes on the substrate and their length can be preset by photolithographic patterning of the bilayer. Prior to rolling, the bilayers can be exposed to different methods of surface functionalization, providing opportunities for engineering the microtube inner surfaces for use in microfluidic circuits and “microbiological” applications. The self‐rolling approach is promising for the development of novel drug‐ and cell‐delivery systems, as well as for tissue engineering.
Self‐Assembly of Rod–Coil Polyethylenimine–Poly(ethylene glycol)–α‐Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes into Hollow Spheres and Rod‐Like Particles
Authors: Cheng Cong , Han Xiao‐Juan , Dong Zhen‐Qiang , Liu Yan , Li Bang‐Jing , Zhang Sheng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the self‐assembly of rod–coil inclusion complexes, polyethylenimine–poly(ethylene glycol)–α‐cyclodextrin (PEI–PEG–α‐CD). It is demonstrated that α‐CDs should exclusively thread on the PEG block in PEI–PEG copolymers and the resulting complexes have both rigid block (PEG–α‐CD) and coil block (protonated PEI). By varying the rigid block fraction, aggregates with hollow spheres or rod‐like particles could be formed simply by self‐assembly in aqueous solution.
3D magnetic resonance microscopy of the ex vivo retina
Authors: De La Garza Bryan H. , Muir Eric R. , Shih Yen‐Yu I. , Duong Timothy Q. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract3D‐MR microscopy at 11.7T and 20 × 20 × 57 μm resolution was performed on formalin‐fixed rat eyes with: (I) no contrast agent and (II) Gadodiamide (Omniscan®) added to the fixative. Group I data showed generally poor contrast among layers. Group II data showed markedly better lamina‐specific contrast with the nerve fiber + ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer being hypointense, and the inner plexiform, outer plexiform, outer nuclear layer, and the segments being hyperintense. The signal‐to‐noise ratio in group II was higher than group I, consistent with Gadodiamide acting as a T1‐contrast agent. All major retinal layers were assigned and their thicknesses quantified with corroboration by histology. MR microscopy allows nondestructive examination of valuable specimens and could have applications in disease and in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amide proton transfer imaging with improved robustness to magnetic field inhomogeneity and magnetization transfer asymmetry using saturation with frequency alternating RF irradiation
Authors: Scheidegger Rachel , Vinogradov Elena , Alsop David C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAmide proton transfer (APT) imaging results in a representative human volunteer. a: B0 map calculated from the low SNR z‐spectrum images by the B0 correction algorithm. b: MTRasym map and c: MTRSAFARI map calculated from the high SNR APT images without B0 correction. The uncorrected MTRasym map shows large spatial intensity variation over the brain, which corresponds to the water frequency shift map. The uncorrected MTRSAFARI map shows a remarkable improvement in homogeneity over the brain. From the article by Scheidegger et al (pp 1275‐1285).
Mixed, componentwise condition numbers and small sample statistical condition estimation of Sylvester equations
Authors: Diao Huaian , Xiang Hua , Wei Yimin 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWe present a componentwise perturbation analysis for the continuous‐time Sylvester equations. Componentwise, mixed condition numbers and new perturbation bounds are derived for the matrix equations. The small sample statistical method can also be applied for the condition estimation. These condition numbers and perturbation bounds are tested on numerical examples and compared with the normwise condition number. The numerical examples illustrate that the mixed condition number gives sharper bounds than the normwise one. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inexact uniformization and GMRES methods for large Markov chains
Authors: Sidje Roger B. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYInexact algorithms allow certain operations (typically matrix–vector products or certain function evaluations) to be performed inexactly, either out of necessity or deliberately, in view of trading accuracy for speed. We review recent findings that show the impact of the inexact approach in the uniformization and generalized minimal residual (GMRES) methods when computing the transient, stationary, and cumulative solutions of realistic Markov chain problems of large size arising from computer systems and biochemical reactions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient parallel solution to large‐size sparse eigenproblems with block FSAI preconditioning
Authors: Ferronato Massimiliano , Janna Carlo , Pini Giorgio 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThe choice of the preconditioner is a key factor to accelerate the convergence of eigensolvers for large‐size sparse eigenproblems. Although incomplete factorizations with partial fill‐in prove generally effective in sequential computations, the efficient preconditioning of parallel eigensolvers is still an open issue. The present paper describes the use of block factorized sparse approximate inverse (BFSAI) preconditioning for the parallel solution of large‐size symmetric positive definite eigenproblems with both a simultaneous Rayleigh quotient minimization and the Jacobi–Davidson algorithm. BFSAI coupled with a block diagonal incomplete decomposition proves a robust and efficient parallel preconditioner in a number of test cases arising from the finite element discretization of 3D fluid‐dynamical and mechanical engineering applications, outperforming FSAI even by a factor of 8 and exhibiting a satisfactory scalability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approximation of the Schur complement in preconditioners for PDE‐constrained optimization
Authors: Pearson John W. , Wathen Andrew J. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYSaddle point systems arise widely in optimization problems with constraints. The utility of Schur complement approximation is now broadly appreciated in the context of solving such saddle point systems by iteration. In this short manuscript, we present a new Schur complement approximation for PDE‐constrained optimization, an important class of these problems. Block diagonal and block triangular preconditioners have previously been designed to be used to solve such problems along with MINRES and non‐standard Conjugate Gradients, respectively; with appropriate approximation blocks, these can be optimal in the sense that the time required for solution scales linearly with the problem size, however small the mesh size we use. In this paper, we extend this work to designing such preconditioners for which this optimality property holds independently of both the mesh size and the Tikhonov regularization parameterβthat is used. This also leads to an effective symmetric indefinite preconditioner that exhibits mesh andβindependence. We motivate the choice of these preconditioners based on observations about approximating the Schur complement obtained from the matrix system, derive eigenvalue bounds that verify the effectiveness of the approximation and present numerical results that show that these new preconditioners work well in practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiology and pathology of iterative aggregation–disaggregation methods
Authors: Pultarová I. , Marek I. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWe found characteristics that can help us predict the convergence or divergence of iterative aggregation–disaggregation methods. We provided two results for spectral radii of asymptotic error propagation matrices: (i) the spectral radius is bounded by unity for symmetric Markov chains and (ii) the spectral radius can be arbitrarily large for a certain class of sparse Markov chains. Surprisingly, permuting states of cyclic Markov chains by algorithms usually used for reducing bandwidth of matrices leads to the latter case. We proposed a sorting method that prevents divergence for this class of Markov chains.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep‐disordered breathing disturbances in survivors of childhood central nervous system tumors
Authors: Mandrell Belinda N. , Wise Merrill , Schoumacher Robert A. , Pritchard Michele , West Nancy , Ness Kirsten K. , Crabtree Valerie McLaughlin , Merchant Thomas E. , Morris Brannon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundImprovements in treatment and management for pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors have increased survival rates, allowing clinicians to focus on long‐term sequelae, including sleep disorders. The objective of this study was to describe a series of CNS tumor survivors who had sleep evaluations that included polysomnography (PSG) with attention to sleep disorder in relation to the tumor site.ProcedureWe report on 31 patients who had retrievable reports including an overnight PSG; 17 also underwent multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) to characterize their sleepiness.ResultsMean age at tumor diagnosis was 7.4 years, mean age at sleep referral 14.3 years, and a mean time between tumor diagnosis and sleep referral of 6.9 years. The most common tumor location was the suprasellar region, the most common reason for sleep referral was excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and the most common sleep diagnosis was obstructive sleep apnea (n = 14) followed by central sleep apnea (n = 4), hypersomnia due to medical condition (n = 4), and narcolepsy (n = 3). Twenty‐six of the 31 subjects were obese/overweight, and among those with the concurrent complaint of EDS, the mean sleep latency on MSLT was 3.16 minutes, consistent with excessive sleepiness.ConclusionsSuprasellar region tumor survivors who are obese or overweight are more likely to have complaints of EDS and are at greater risk of sleep‐disordered breathing. Sleep‐related symptoms may not be recognized and referral initiated until years after CNS diagnosis. A periodic and thorough sleep history should be taken when caring for CNS tumor survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 746–751. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacologic management of obesity
Authors: Kushner Robert F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecent discoveries of processes that govern regulation of body weight and energy expenditure have led to development of new anti‐obesity pharmacological agents. This article will inform health professionals of new anti‐obesity medications that target neuronal systems within the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral humoral proteins that send signals to the CNS. An emerging theme of new therapies is to use combination medications that are directed toward several targets or leverage existing gastrointestinal satiety hormonal signals. By using combination therapies, it is anticipated that greater weight loss will be achieved compared to monotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 140–143. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ensemble modeling of protein disordered states: Experimental restraint contributions and validation
Authors: Marsh Joseph A. , Forman‐Kay Julie D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDisordered states of proteins include the biologically functional intrinsically disordered proteins and the unfolded states of normally folded proteins. In recent years, ensemble‐modeling strategies using various experimental measurements as restraints have emerged as powerful means for structurally characterizing disordered states. However, these methods are still in their infancy compared with the structural determination of folded proteins. Here, we have addressed several issues important to ensemble modeling using our ENSEMBLE methodology. First, we assessed how calculating ensembles containing different numbers of conformers affects their structural properties. We find that larger ensembles have very similar properties to smaller ensembles fit to the same experimental restraints, thus allowing a considerable speed improvement in our calculations. In addition, we analyzed the contributions of different experimental restraints to the structural properties of calculated ensembles, enabling us to make recommendations about the experimental measurements that should be made for optimal ensemble modeling. The effects of different restraints, most significantly from chemical shifts, paramagnetic relaxation enhancements and small‐angle X‐ray scattering, but also from other data, underscore the importance of utilizing multiple sources of experimental data. Finally, we validate our ENSEMBLE methodology using both cross‐validation and synthetic experimental restraints calculated from simulated ensembles. Our results suggest that secondary structure and molecular size distribution can generally be modeled very accurately, whereas the accuracy of calculated tertiary structure is dependent on the number of distance restraints used. Proteins 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A note on sliced inverse regression with missing predictors
Authors: Dong Yuexiao , Zhu Liping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSufficient dimension reduction (SDR) is effective in high‐dimensional data analysis as it mitigates the curse of dimensionality while retaining full regression information. Missing predictors are common in high‐dimensional data, yet are only discussed occasionally in the SDR context. In this paper, an inverse probability weighted sliced inverse regression (SIR) is studied with predictors missing at random. We cast SIR into the estimating equation framework to avoid inverting a large scale covariance matrix. This strategy is more efficient in handling large dimensionality and strong collinearity among the predictors than the spectral decomposition of classical SIR. Numerical studies confirm the supremacy of our proposed procedure over existing methods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2011
Privacy preserving protocol for service aggregation in cloud computing
Authors: Wang Peishun , Mu Yi , Susilo Willy , Yan Jun 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYCloud computing has increasingly become a new model in the world of computing, and more businesses are moving to the cloud. As a cost‐effective and time‐efficient way to develop new applications and services, service aggregation in cloud computing empowers all service providers and consumers and creates tremendous opportunities in various industry sectors. However, it also poses various challenges to the privacy of personal information as well as the confidentiality of business and governmental information. The full benefits of service aggregation in cloud computing would only be enjoyed if the privacy concerns are addressed properly. In this paper, we investigate the privacy issues in service aggregation in a cloudenvironment and propose a privacy preserving protocol that is suitable for this environment. To demonstrate the security of our system, we construct a security game called IND‐P3SAC‐CPA and prove the security of the protocol accordingly. Our protocol has a distinct property that allows any service provider to obtain only the queried data under its conspiracy with the cloud. Additionally, the efficiency and various extensions are also discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.