bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, Molecular, and Prognostic Significance of WHO Type inv(3)(q21q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) and Various Other 3q Abnormalities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lugthart Sanne , Gröschel Stefan , Beverloo H. Berna , Kayser Sabine , Valk Peter J.M. , van Zelderen-Bhola Shama Lydia , Jan Ossenkoppele Gert , Vellenga Edo , van den Berg-de Ruiter Eva , Schanz Urs , Verhoef Gregor , Vandenberghe Peter , Ferrant Augustin , Köhne Claus-Henning , Pfreundschuh Michael , Horst Heinz A. , Koller Elisabeth , von Lilienfeld-Toal Marie , Bentz Martin , Ganser Arnold , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Jotterand Martine , Krauter Jürgen , Pabst Thomas , Theobald Matthias , Schlenk Richard F. , Delwel Ruud , Döhner Konstanze , Löwenberg Bob , Döhner Hartmut 
Published: July 2010

Purpose Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(3)(q21q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) [inv(3)/t(3;3)] is recognized as a distinctive entity in the WHO classification. Risk assignment and clinical and genetic characterization of AML with chromosome 3q abnormalities other than inv(3)/t(3;3) remain largely unresolved. Patients and Methods Cytogenetics, molecular genetics, therapy response, and outcome analysis were performed in 6,515 newly diagnosed adult AML patients. Patients were treated on Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group/Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (HOVON/SAKK; n = 3,501) and German-Austrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group (AMLSG; n = 3,014) protocols. EVI1 and MDS1/EVI1 expression was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results 3q abnormalities were detected in 4.4% of AML patients (288 of 6,515). Four distinct groups were defined: A: inv(3)/t(3;3), 32%; B: balanced t(3q26), 18%; C: balanced t(3q21), 7%; and D: other 3q abnormalities, 43%. Monosomy 7 was the most common additional aberration in groups (A), 66%; (B), 31%; and (D), 37%. N-RAS mutations and dissociate EVI1 versus MDS1/EVI1 overexpression were associated with inv(3)/t(3;3). Patients with inv(3)/t(3;3) and balanced t(3q21) at diagnosis presented with higher WBC and platelet counts. In multivariable analysis, only inv(3)/t(3;3), but not t(3q26) and t(3q21), predicted reduced relapse-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.99; P < .001) and overall survival (HR, 1.4; P = .006). This adverse prognostic impact of inv(3)/t(3;3) was enhanced by additional monosomy 7. Group D 3q aberrant AML also had a poor outcome related to the coexistence of complex and/or monosomal karyotypes and cryptic inv(3)/t(3;3). Conclusion Various categories of 3q abnormalities in AML can be distinguished according to their clinical, hematologic, and genetic features. AML with inv(3)/t(3;3) represents a distinctive subgroup with unfavorable prognosis.
The Total Branch Length of Sample Genealogies in Populations of Variable Size
Authors: Eriksson A , Mehlig B , Rafajlovic M , Sagitov S 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We consider neutral evolution of a large population subject to changes in its population size. For a population with a time-variable carrying capacity we study the distribution of the total branch lengths of its sample genealogies. Within the coalescent approximation we have obtained a general expression—Equation 20—for the moments of this distribution with a given arbitrary dependence of the population size on time. We investigate how the frequency of population-size variations alters the total branch length.
Challenge! Health Promotion/Obesity Prevention Mentorship Model Among Urban, Black Adolescents
Authors: Black Maureen M. , Hager Erin R. , Le Katherine , Anliker Jean , Arteaga S. Sonia , DiClemente Carlo , Gittelsohn Joel , Magder Laurence , Papas Mia , Snitker Soren , Treuth Margarita S. , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to evaluate a 12-session home/community-based health promotion/obesity prevention program (Challenge!) on changes in BMI status, body composition, physical activity, and diet.

METHODS:
A total of 235 black adolescents (aged 11–16 years; 38% overweight/obese) were recruited from low-income urban communities. Baseline measures included weight, height, body composition, physical activity (PA), and diet. PA was measured by 7-day play-equivalent physical activity (≥1800 activity counts per minute). Participants were randomly assigned to health promotion/obesity prevention that is anchored in social cognitive theory and motivational interviewing and was delivered by college-aged black mentors or to control. Postintervention (11 months) and delayed follow-up (24 months) evaluations were conducted. Longitudinal analyses used multilevel models with random intercepts and generalized estimating equations, controlling for baseline age/gender. Stratified analyses examined baseline BMI category.

RESULTS:
Retention was 76% over 2 years; overweight/obese status declined 5% among intervention adolescents and increased 11% among control adolescents. Among overweight/obese youth, the intervention reduced total percentage of body fat and fat mass and increased fat-free mass at delayed follow-up and increased play-equivalent physical activity at postintervention but not at delayed follow-up. Intervention adolescents declined significantly more in snack/dessert consumption than control adolescents at both follow-up evaluations.

CONCLUSIONS:
At postintervention, there were intervention effects on diet and PA but not BMI category or body composition. At delayed follow-up, dietary changes were sustained and the intervention prevented an increase in BMI category. Body composition was improved for overweight/obese youth. Changes in body composition follow changes in diet and PA and may not be detected immediately after intervention.
Primary Health Care Providers' Advice for a Dental Checkup and Dental Use in Children
Authors: Beil Heather A. , Rozier R. Gary 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:
In this study we estimated factors associated with children being advised to see the dentist by a doctor or other health provider; tested for an association between the advisement on the likelihood that the child would visit the dentist; and estimated the effect of the advisement on dental costs.

METHODS:
We identified a sample of 5268 children aged 2 to 11 years in the 2004 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. A cross-sectional analysis with logistic regression models was conducted to estimate the likelihood of the child receiving a recommendation for a dental checkup, and to determine its effect on the likelihood of having a dental visit. Differences in cost for children who received a recommendation were assessed by using a linear regression model. All analyses were conducted separately on children aged 2 to 5 (n = 2031) and aged 6 to 11 (n = 3237) years.

RESULTS:
Forty-seven percent of 2- to 5-year-olds and 37% of 6- to 11-year-olds had been advised to see the dentist. Children aged 2 to 5 who received a recommendation were more likely to have a dental visit (odds ratio: 2.89 [95% confidence interval: 2.16–3.87]), but no difference was observed among older children. Advice had no effect on dental costs in either age group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Health providers' recommendation that pediatric patients visit the dentist was associated with an increase in dental visits among young children. Providers have the potential to play an important role in establishing a dental home for children at an early age. Future research should examine potential interventions to increase effective dental referrals by health providers.
Reducing Wasting in Young Children With Preventive Supplementation: A Cohort Study in Niger
Authors: Isanaka Sheila , Roederer Thomas , Djibo Ali , Luquero Francisco J. , Nombela Nohelly , Guerin Philippe J. , Grais Rebecca F. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the incidence of wasting, stunting, and mortality among children aged 6 to 36 months who are receiving preventive supplementation with either ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSFs) or ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Children aged 6 to 36 months in 12 villages of Maradi, Niger, (n = 1645) received a monthly distribution of RUSFs (247 kcal [3 spoons] per day) for 6 months or RUTFs (500-kcal sachet per day) for 4 months. We compared the incidence of wasting, stunting, and mortality among children who received preventive supplementation with RUSFs versus RUTFs.

RESULTS:
The effectiveness of RUSF supplementation depended on receipt of a previous preventive intervention. In villages in which a preventive supplementation program was previously implemented, the RUSF strategy was associated with a 46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6%–69%) and 59% (95% CI: 17%–80%) reduction in wasting and severe wasting, respectively. In contrast, in villages in which the previous intervention was not implemented, we found no difference in the incidence of wasting or severe wasting according to type of supplementation. Compared with the RUTF strategy, the RUSF strategy was associated with a 19% (95% CI: 0%–34%) reduction in stunting overall.

CONCLUSION:
We found that the relative performance of a 6-month RUSF supplementation strategy versus a 4-month RUTF strategy varied with receipt of a previous nutritional intervention. Contextual factors will continue to be important in determining the dose and duration of supplementation that will be most effective, acceptable, and sustainable for a given setting.
Emergency Department Visits for Medical Device-Associated Adverse Events Among Children
Authors: Wang Cunlin , Hefflin Brock , Cope Judith U. , Gross Thomas P. , Ritchie Mary Beth , Qi Youlin , Chu Jianxiong 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES:The purposes of this study were to provide national estimates of emergency department (ED) visits for medical device-associated adverse events (MDAEs) in the pediatric population and to characterize these events further.METHODS:ED medical record reports from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program database from January 1, 2004, through December 21, 2005, were reviewed. MDAEs among pediatric patients were identified, and data were abstracted. National estimates for pediatric MDAEs were determined according to medical specialty, device category and class, injury diagnosis, and patient characteristics and outcome.RESULTS:The total estimated number of pediatric MDAEs during the 24-month period was 144799 (95% confidence interval: 113051–183903), involving devices from 13 medical specialties. Contact lenses accounted for most MDAEs (23%), followed by hypodermic needles (8%). The distribution of MDAEs according to medical specialty varied according to age subgroup. The most-prevalent types of injuries included contusions/abrasions, foreign-body intrusions, punctures, lacerations, and infections. The most-frequently affected body parts were the eyeball, pubic region, finger, face, and ear. The majority of pediatric MDAEs involved class II (moderate-risk) devices. The incidence of pediatric MDAEs decreased with increasing age from early to late childhood and then spiked after 10 years of age. More girls than boys were affected at older ages (16–21 years) and more boys than girls at younger ages (≤10 years). Hospitalizations were more likely to involve invasive or implanted devices.CONCLUSIONS:This study provides national estimates of pediatric MDAEs resulting in ED visits and highlights the need to develop interventions to prevent pediatric device-related injuries.
Disappearance of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid from Soil
Authors: Newman A. S. , Thomas J. R. , Walker R. L. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract2,4‐D was incubated in the laboratory with different depths of Duffield silty clay loam, and its disappearance therefrom was determined by a cucumber root elongation test. The lag period before onset of decomposition and the time required for complete decomposition of 2,4‐D increased with depth. The lag period varied from 14 days in the 0‐ to 6‐inch sample to 42 days in the 18‐ to 21‐inch sample. On retreatment with 2,4‐D the differences among the depths were much smaller than with the original treatment.Disappearance of 2,4‐D and of 2,4,5‐T under field conditions was studied in plots treated with these compounds at rates of 0.0, 0.2, 1.0, and 2.5 grams per square yard in 1949, and retreated with one gram per square yard in 1950. 2,4,5‐T persisted more than 19 weeks; its persistence was not influenced by previous treatment. The effective concentration of 2,4‐D was reduced more rapidly in soils in which it had decomposed previously. This compound persisted 5 and 6 weeks, respectively, in plots which had and had not been treated previously. A substance which stimulated root elongation of cucumber was produced during the decomposition of 2,4‐D.
The Effects of Plant Residue Cover and Clod Structure on Soil Losses by Wind
Authors: Englehorn C. L. , Zingg A. W. , Woodruff N. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTests were conducted in the field to determine the interrelationships of surface drag, surface roughness, plant residue cover, percent of soil material less than 0.42 mm in diameter, and soil loss obtained by means of a portable wind tunnel. The tests were conducted at Garden City, Colby, and Manhattan, Kans. on plots prepared especially to obtain a range in residue cover over a range in soil structure.The data obtained were analyzed according to standard multiple regression and correlation procedure and presented in terms of regression equations. The exponential regression equations provided a satisfactory expression of the functional relationships. Factors effecting variation in results between the different locations were cited.The regression equations illustrate the effect of each factor on soil loss. On the basis of relationships secured at three locations, an exponential equation approximating the results of the tests as a whole was developed. In this equation, soil loss, X, in pounds per acre is shown to vary directly as the 2.5 power of the surface drag of the wind and the 3.5 power of the percent of soil fractions less than 0.42 mm in diameter. It varied inversely as the 0.8 power of the weight of surface residue. A simplified clod structure‐residue index of soil loss, wherein the surface drag of the wind is held constant at 3,000 pounds per acre, is presented.
Hydraulic Gradients During Infiltration in Soils
Authors: Miller R. D. , Richard Felix 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA technique for direct measurement of hydraulic head in rapidly changing systems was applied to the infiltration of water into artificially packed columns of dry soil including three California soils and a sample of silica flour. Results indicate that the transmitting zone in each soil was a region of relatively uniform hydraulic gradient which was greater than unity but decreased with time and might approach unity as a limit. At corresponding stages of infiltration, the magnitudes of the gradients in the transmitting zones differed for the various materials.
Microbial Turnover of Phosphorus in Soil
Authors: Johnson D. D. , Broadbent F. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe phosphorus cycle in soils has been shown to be closely related to the carbon and nitrogen cycles. The investigation reported is an attempt to evaluate the effect of the energy status of the soil on this phosphorus cycle. A concept of a metabolic pool in the soil from which microbial, plant, and chemical processes takadknorganic phosphorus is presented. The addition of radioactive phosphorus to this pool and its subsequent uptake by the soil processes would allow the various fractions of the soil phosphorus which are actively turning over to be identified. The procedure used to evaluate this theory involved the addition of radiophosphorus and incubation of soil samples for various periods of time, after which the soil was leached with acid and then treated with cold and hot alkali solutions, the alkali solutions being further fractionated by the addition of acid. Total phosphorus and total radiophosphorus was determined on all fractions. The analysis of the data shows that certain of these soil phosphorus fractions do undergo rapid turnover. The possible importance of these rapidly turning‐over fractions to the growth of higher plants is suggested.
Characteristics of Some Brown Podzolic Profiles in the Central Lowland of Connecticut and Massachusetts
Authors: Swanson C. L. W. , Shearin A. E. , Bourbeau G. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField and laboratory data are presented on six representative Brown Podzolic soils occurring in the Central Lowland of Connecticut and Massachusetts. The environment of this area has been cited as producing modal Brown Podzolic soils. The soils studied have only a few faintly expressed Bleicherde or none at all and no visual evidence of an orterde. Little textural profile development was found in these soils. The pH, organic content, and morphology of the profile may be considered characteristic of Brown Podzolic soils. It is postulated that the high silt content in the solum of some of the soils studied is of eolian origin since so little weathering has taken place as indicated by the low clay content and near absence of colloid accumulation in the B horizon. X‐ray diffraction patterns show little to be the predominant clay mineral in the Merrimac and Wethersfield soils studied. Chlorite, montmorillonite, gibbsite, and kaolinite occur in decreasing order of abundance.
Characteristics of Some Podzolic Soils of the Northeastern United States
Authors: Lyford W. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPodzols, Brown Podzolic, Gray‐Brown Podzolic, and Red‐Yellow Podzolic soils are the zonal soils of greatest extent in the 12 Northeastern States. It is the purpose of this paper to review briefly the characteristics of these zonal soils, to indicate current ideas, and to point out some possible long time trends in genesis. The paper is a summary of many field observations in the area by the author.Podzols occupy the greatest area and many appear to be polygenetic. Brown Podzolic soils are sufficiently different from Podzols on the basis of chemical and morphological evidence to warrant separation at the great zonal group level. Some Gray‐Brown Podzolic soils are also polygenetic. It is rather striking that they occur chiefly on calcareous parent materials north of the Wisconsin terminal moraine, but are on acid parent material to the south of the moraine. Red‐Yellow Podzolic soils occur on remnants of very old land surfaces and, although limited in area, are more widespread than was once thought. The trend of soil development in the Northeast would seem to be toward Podzols and Red‐Yellow Podzolic soils. Brown Podzolic and Gray‐Brown Podzolic soils perhaps should be considered as transition stages.
The Influence of Soil Moisture Tension on Vapor Movement of Soil Water
Authors: Jones Harold E. , Kohnke Helmut 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe intent of this research was to study the role of soil moisture tension in water vapor movement within the soil.All studies were conducted in the laboratory. Vapor movement was effected by vapor pressure differences obtained through the application of a sharp temperature interface at the midpoint of horizontal soil columns. The influences of such factors as soil porosity, initial moisture content, and vapor pressure gradients were determined.The movement of water vapor in the two soils and four soil separates studied increased rapidly with moisture tension up to a certain level, then decreased sharply.The pF at which vapor movement was initiated and at which maximum movement occurred increased with a decrease in particle size.The volume of unsaturated soil pores, not their size, seems to govern the soil moisture content at which vapor movement begins.The volume of vapor movement in disturbed soil samples under a given vapor pressure gradient is regulated by the balance of unsaturated pore space, evaporating surfaces, and moisture reserve existing in the soil.Maximum vapor movement occurred at moisture tensions slightly below the wilting point suggesting a mechanism by which plants may resist drought injury.Temperature induced vapor pressure gradients seem to be mainly responsible for water vapor transfer in soils.
The Effect of Ammonium Nitrate Applications to Field Soils on Nodulation, Seed Yield, and Nitrogen and Oil Content of the Seed of Soybeans
Authors: Lyons J. C. , Earley E. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA 2‐year field study was conducted to determine the possibility of supplementing soil and symbiotically‐fixed nitrogen of soybeans with nitrogen fertilizer.In 1947, during a hot dry growing season marked responses were obtained from added nitrogen. The number of nodules per plant decreased 80 to 90%, there were appreciable increases in seed yields, nitrogen content of the seed increased, and oil content decreased.In 1949, with adequate rainfall, moderate temperatures, and 30 to 40 days additional growing season there was little to no response to added nitrogen. The number of nodules per plant on the untreated plots was larger than in 1947, and the largest application of ammonium nitrate resulted in only a 35% decrease in number of nodules. The yield of seed increased very little, and no change occurred in the nitrogen and oil contents of the seed.A comparison of three dates of side‐dressing with plow‐down treatments indicated that the most effective utilization occurred with plow‐down applications.This experiment helps explain some of the variation in response of soybeans to nitrogen fertilizers. Rainfall and temperature conditions during the growing season apparently have a direct influence on the sufficiency of symbiotically‐fixed nitrogen for maximum yields, thus indirectly influencing the response to added nitrogen.
The Effect of Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Some Soil Nitrogen Transformations
Authors: Broadbent F. E. , Stojanovic B. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo New York soils were incubated under conditions permitting control of the partial pressure of oxygen in a stream of gas passing continuously through the soil sample. Ammonium and nitrate salts and organic materials were added in various amounts and combinations and distribution of inorganic nitrogen determined at the end of each experiment. In two experiments the N15 tracer was used to determine accurately the fate of added nitrate.Immobilization of added inorganic nitrogen occurred whether or not ample nitrogen was available to the soil population, probably due to preferential assimilation. Reduction of nitrate to ammonia was almost negligible at all oxygen concentrations, though slightly higher under anaerobic conditions than otherwise. Denitrification of added nitrate was inversely related to partial pressure of oxygen, but was of appreciable magnitude even under fully aerobic conditions. No evidence of nitrogen loss from the soil was obtained when ammonium salts were added.The experimental findings are compatible with the theory that nitrous oxide in the earth's atmosphere arises from the soil, and that denitrification is of major importance in the nitrogen cycle.
Physicochemical Investigations of Clay‐adsorbed Organic Colloids: II
Authors: Stevenson F. J. , Van Winkle Q. , Martin W. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the sedimentation velocity and free diffusion behavior of humic acid extracted from Miami clay with neutral sodium pyrophosphate solution. In addition the organic colloids extracted from several soils of the Miami catena were analyzed using the eletrophoretic technique.The electrophoresis examination indicated that the organic colloids extracted from the clay fractions of a Brookston, Crosby, and Miami soil were similar. In all cases it appeared that the extract consisted mainly of dark colored humic acid, with two additional colloids present in very small quantities.The sedimentation velocity and free diffusion study showed that the humic colloid isolated from Miami clay was polydisperse with respect to particle size. The following data were obtained for the colloid dissolved in a water solution:Sedimentation constant s20 2.8 × 10‐13 cm/sec/dyneDiffusion constant D20 3.9 × 10‐7 sq cm/secPartial specific volume V 0.67Frictional coefficient f/f0 2.3Weight‐average molecular weight Mw 53,000