bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOIL DEVELOPMENT AT THE ROADSIDE: A CASE STUDY OF A NOVEL ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Jimenez M. D. , Ruiz‐Capillas P. , Mola I. , Pérez‐Corona E. , Casado M. A. , Balaguer L. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTOver the last few decades, road construction has increased dramatically, and new surfaces have appeared in most landscapes. Standard roadside reclamation practices often fail, because vegetation establishment appears to be limited by microsite availability. We considered soil properties as a key factor driving vegetation establishment on roadslopes over time. We address the following questions: (i) Are soil features conditioned by type of roadslope, position thereupon or applied hydroseeding? (ii) Is there any evidence of soil development at the roadside four years after road construction? (iii) Do mutual interactions exist between soil features and vegetation cover? We designed an experimental set‐up on a highway in Central Spain (Madrid). We selected 15 roadslopes (nine roadcuts and six embankments) with three hydroseeding treatments (commercial, alternative and untreated). Four years after the road construction, we considered three roadslope positions (top, middle and bottom) to take into account the geomorphological gradient. We monitored soil features and vegetation cover over 4 years after the road construction. Soil chemical differences were found between roadslope types, mainly resulted from topsoil spreading on embankments and the weathering of the newly exposed materials on roadcuts. Applied amendments do not affect soil fertility or vegetation cover. In the course of time, vegetation establishment and geomorphological gradients operate differentially on roadcuts and embankments. Accordingly, cycling back of organic compounds or geomorphological processes differs between roadslopes types. Restoration efforts should be directed to guarantee key ecological processes and support soil formation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The higher order Riesz transform and BMO type space associated to Schrödinger operators
Authors: Dong Jianfeng , Liu Yu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLet L = −Δ + V be a Schrödinger operator on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^n$\end{document} (n ≥ 3), where \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$V \not\equiv 0$\end{document} is a nonnegative potential belonging to certain reverse Hölder class Bs for \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$s \ge \frac{n}{2}$\end{document}. In this article, we prove the boundedness of some integral operators related to L, such as L−1∇2, L−1V and L−1( − Δ) on the space \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$BMO_L(\mathbb {R}^n)$\end{document}.
On the Statistical Nonliving Nature of the Cationic Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of Oxetane with Tetrahydropyran
Authors: Szymanski Ryszard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe copolymerization system of oxetane and tetrahydropyran is reinterpreted with the aid of computer simulations. The original claim that this system is a “living” and/or controlled pseudoperiodic copolymerization1 is not confirmed by the simulation results. It is suggested that the formation of branched oxonium cations and the statistical nature of THP incorporation are the reasons for the observed discrepancies between the simulation results and experimental data.magnified image
A versatile flow phantom for intravoxel incoherent motion MRI
Authors: Cho Gene Y. , Kim Sungheon , Jensen Jens H. , Storey Pippa , Sodickson Daniel K. , Sigmund Eric E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough there have been many advancements in cancer research, much is still unknown about the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. Diffusion‐weighted MRI has proven to be a viable and versatile microstructural probe. Diffusion‐weighted sequences specifically sensitive to intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) have seen a recent resurgence of interest as they promise to provide a valuable window on the vascular microenvironment. To understand, test, and optimize IVIM‐sensitive approaches, a complex flow phantom was constructed to mimic certain characteristics of the tumor microenvironment such as tortuous microvasculature, heterogeneous vascular permeability, and interstitial fluid pressure buildup. Results using this phantom on a clinical scanner platform confirmed IVIM sensitivity to microscopic flow effects. Biexponential fitting of signal decay curves enabled quantitative extraction of perfusion fraction, IVIM‐related pseudodiffusivity, and tissue diffusivity. Parametric maps were also generated, illustrating the potential utility of IVIM‐sensitive imaging in clinical settings. The flow phantom proved to be an effective test‐bed for validating and optimizing the IVIM‐MRI technique to provide surrogate markers for microvascular properties. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ex vivo diffusion tensor MRI of human hearts: Relative effects of specimen decomposition
Authors: Eggen Michael D. , Swingen Cory M. , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecently, diffusion tensor MRI has been utilized as a tool to reconstruct, with high resolution, the three‐dimensional myofiber orientation of hearts ex vivo. However, because of limited availability of human hearts, it is common to recover specimens postmortem, after some degree of decomposition has occurred. In this study, we describe the ability to reconstruct local fiber orientation within a unique set of human hearts using diffusion tensor MRI; relative effects of specimen decomposition were also assessed. The mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and principal eigenvalues (E1, E2, and E3) were measured in hearts with varying postmortem intervals from 0 to 27 days (n = 17), and local fiber orientations were reconstructed. Mean diffusivities and principal eigenvalues nonlinearly increased as a function of postmortem interval, while fractional anisotropies nonlinearly decreased. There were good correlations between postmortem intervals and changes in diffusion properties after linear transformation of the data (R2 > 0.7). Thus, we determined that there were regional discontinuities in the reconstruction of local fiber orientation in hearts where postmortem intervals were greater than 3 days. Therefore, any delay in tissue fixation after death (if not properly preserved using organ transplantation techniques) will compromise measurement of fiber orientation and delineation of diseased pathology, e.g., based, in part, on fractional anisotropy. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bicelles: Lipid Nanostructured Platforms with Potential Dermal Applications
Authors: Barbosa‐Barros Lucyanna , Rodríguez Gelen , Barba Clara , Cócera Mercedes , Rubio Laia , Estelrich Joan , López‐Iglesias Carmen , de la Maza Alfonso , López Olga 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBicelles emerge as promising membrane models, and because of their attractive combination of lipid composition, small size and morphological versatility, they become new targets in skin research. Bicelles are able to modify skin biophysical parameters and modulate the skin's barrier function, acting to enhance drug penetration. Because of their nanostructured assemblies, bicelles have the ability to penetrate through the narrow intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum of the skin to reinforce its lipid lamellae. The bicelle structure also allows for the incorporation of different molecules that can be carried through the skin layers. All of these characteristics can be modulated by varying the lipid composition and experimental conditions. The remarkable versatility of bicelles is their most important characteristic, which makes their use possible in various fields. This system represents a platform for dermal applications. In this review, an overview of the main properties of bicelles and their effects on the skin are presented.
A rule‐based model for customized risk identification and evaluation of task assignment alternatives in distributed software development projects
Authors: Lamersdorf Ansgar , Münch Jürgen , del Viso Torre Alicia Fernández‐ , Sánchez Carlos Rebate , Heinz Markus , Rombach Dieter 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYDistributed software development imposes new project risks that are very different from the ones in collocated development and are overlooked easily. At the same time, they depend to a large extent on project‐specific characteristics. Therefore, new methods for identifying these risks in distributed projects have to be developed. This article presents a model for identifying these risks at the beginning of a project. The model systematically captures experiences from past projects in a set of logical rules describing how project characteristics influence typical risks in distributed development. Thus, it is able to assess risks individually for each project. In addition, the model can be used for evaluating different task assignment alternatives, which makes it possible to allocate tasks systematically. An instance of the model was developed by applying qualitative content analysis to 19 interviews with practitioners. An evaluation using expert interviews showed that the risks identified by the model matched the actual experiences in 81% of the cases; of these, 40% had not been regarded at project start. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[3H]Chiba‐1001(methyl‐SSR180711) has low in vitro binding affinity and poor in vivo selectivity to nicotinic alpha‐7 receptor in rodent brain
Authors: Ding Min , Ghanekar Smita , Elmore Charles S. , Zysk John R. , Werkheiser Jennifer L. , Lee Chi‐Ming , Liu Jianwei , Chhajlani Vijay , Maier Donna L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNeuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists active at the alpha‐7 (α‐7) receptor subtype are potential therapeutics for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and other mental disorders. SSR180711, an α‐7 selective partial agonist, has been shown to improve preclinical cognition. A novel positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand, 11C‐Chiba1001, is a close analog of SSR180711. We labeled Chiba‐1001 with tritium in order to evaluate its utility as a preclinical radioligand tool. In vitro, the binding affinity of [3H]Chiba‐1001 at the α‐7 receptor was low (Kd = 120–180 nM) in both HEK239 cell membranes expressing human α‐7 receptor and in native rat hippocampus membranes. The α‐7 selective ligands AZD0328, ARR17779, and MLA did not inhibit [3H]Chiba‐1001 binding (Ki > 10,000 nM). In rat hippocampal membranes, Chiba‐1001 and SSR180711 inhibited [3H]Chiba‐1001 binding (Ki = 220 and 230 nM, respectively), consistent with the literature reports. The in vivo binding profile of the radioligand was examined in normal rat, wild type mouse, and α‐7 knockout mouse brain. We found that [3H]Chiba‐1001 lacks adequate and specific brain regional uptake in rat and mouse brain. No significant inhibition of the radioligand binding was obtained following pretreatment of the animal with AZ11637326, AZD0328, or MLA. Our results indicate that [3H]Chiba‐1001 has low affinity for α‐7 nAChRs in vitro and poor α‐7 regional and pharmacological selectivity in the rodent brain. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐optimization of random access channel in 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution
Authors: Yilmaz Osman N. C. , Hämäläinen Jyri , Hämäläinen Seppo 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe long term evolution (LTE) is being designed to enhance third generation radio access technologies, and it represents a major step towards high‐performance mobile data networks that are fully optimized for packet‐switched connections. In an initial access, the LTE user equipment executes the random access (RA) procedure while searching for serving base station and initiating services. For a good cell coverage to be obtained, feasible uplink data rate and low delays in, for example, call setup, the optimal random access channel (RACH) performance is essential. Although manual tuning of procedures can be very costly, it is important to design self‐organizing network (SON) algorithms that optimize procedures such as RA. In this paper, a mathematical framework for the RACH modeling in LTE technology is presented on the basis of probability theory and statistics. A self‐optimization algorithm for RACH preamble sequence allocation and preamble split is then examined using the deduced mathematical framework and system‐level simulations. Performance analysis is semi‐analytical: First, RACH performance results are produced using analytical model, and second, outputs are fed into a dynamic LTE network simulator. Results show that the proposed optimization approach clearly improves uplink performance and ensures a certain success rate at the first RA attempt so that shorter handover durations and call setup delays can be achieved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evolutionary spectrum approach to modeling non‐stationary fading channels
Authors: Wang Qing , Wu Dapeng , Fan Pingyi 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTTo evaluate mobile communication systems, it is important to develop accurate and concise fading channel models. However, fading encountered in mobile communication is usually non‐stationary, and the existing methods can only model quasi‐stationary or piecewise‐stationary fading instead of general non‐stationary fading. To address this, this paper proposes an evolutionary spectrum (ES)‐based approach to modeling non‐stationary fading channels. Our ES approach is more general than the existing piecewise‐stationary models and is capable of characterizing a general non‐stationary fading channel that has an arbitrary ES (or time‐varying power spectral density); our ES approach is parsimonious and is also able to generate stationary fading processes. As an example, we show how to apply our ES approach to generating stationary and non‐stationary correlated Nakagami‐mfading channel processes. Simulation results show that the ES of the channel gain process produced by our ES‐based channel model agrees well with the user‐specified ES, indicating the accuracy of our ES‐based channel model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of local interaction range and mobility on the spatio‐temporal dynamics of competing animals in uniform habitats
Authors: Miller Ezer , Coll Moshe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReduction of oscillations in population size is of fundamental importance to both theoretical and applied ecology. Spatial variability in population rates among different habitat regions is known to be an important mechanism that inhibits oscillations in population size. In the current study we used an individual‐based model to simulate a single population of animals whose individual members are sensitive to competition only within their vicinity (i.e., within their competition neighborhood, CN). Our model extends previous studies by exploring how local interactions reduce population oscillations in competitive systems of animals, rather than in systems of plants. Our simulations explored the effects of animal mobility and interaction range separately on population dynamics. In our model, a decrease in CN dimensions tended to reduce population oscillations at all tested animal movement speeds. Yet, movement speed affected animal distribution patterns; an increase in movement speed led to more random distributions. We also found that mean population size was affected more by CN dimensions at lower mobility levels than when it was high.
Youth development program participation and intentional self‐regulation skills: Contextual and individual bases of pathways to positive youth development☆
Authors: Mueller Megan Kiely , Phelps Erin , Bowers Edmond P. , Agans Jennifer P. , Urban Jennifer Brown , Lerner Richard M. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe present research used data from Grades 8, 9, and 10 of the 4‐H Study of Positive Youth Development, a longitudinal study involving U.S. adolescents, in order to better elucidate the process through which the strengths of youth and the ecological resources promoting healthy development (such as out‐of‐school‐time programs) may contribute to thriving. We examined the relationship between adolescents’ self‐regulation skills (selection, optimization, and compensation) and their participation in youth development (YD) programs across Grades 8 and 9 in predicting Grade 10 PYD and Contribution. Results indicated that while self‐regulation skills alone predicted PYD, self regulation and YD program participation both predicted Contribution. In addition, Grade 8 YD participation positively predicted Grade 9 self regulation, which, in turn, predicted Grade 10 PYD and Contribution. We discuss how the alignment of youth strengths and resources within the environment may promote positive youth development.
MetalionRNA: computational predictor of metal-binding sites in RNA structures
Authors: Philips Anna , Milanowska Kaja , Lach Grzegorz , Boniecki Michal , Rother Kristian , Bujnicki Janusz M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Metal ions are essential for the folding of RNA molecules into stable tertiary structures and are often involved in the catalytic activity of ribozymes. However, the positions of metal ions in RNA 3D structures are difficult to determine experimentally. This motivated us to develop a computational predictor of metal ion sites for RNA structures.
Results: We developed a statistical potential for predicting positions of metal ions (magnesium, sodium and potassium), based on the analysis of binding sites in experimentally solved RNA structures. The MetalionRNA program is available as a web server that predicts metal ions for RNA structures submitted by the user.
Availability: The MetalionRNA web server is accessible at http://metalionrna.genesilico.pl/.
Contact: iamb@genesilico.pl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FSR: feature set reduction for scalable and accurate multi-class cancer subtype classification based on copy number
Authors: Wong Gerard , Leckie Christopher , Kowalczyk Adam 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Feature selection is a key concept in machine learning for microarray datasets, where features represented by probesets are typically several orders of magnitude larger than the available sample size. Computational tractability is a key challenge for feature selection algorithms in handling very high-dimensional datasets beyond a hundred thousand features, such as in datasets produced on single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays. In this article, we present a novel feature set reduction approach that enables scalable feature selection on datasets with hundreds of thousands of features and beyond. Our approach enables more efficient handling of higher resolution datasets to achieve better disease subtype classification of samples for potentially more accurate diagnosis and prognosis, which allows clinicians to make more informed decisions in regards to patient treatment options.
Results: We applied our feature set reduction approach to several publicly available cancer single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array datasets and evaluated its performance in terms of its multiclass predictive classification accuracy over different cancer subtypes, its speedup in execution as well as its scalability with respect to sample size and array resolution. Feature Set Reduction (FSR) was able to reduce the dimensions of an SNP array dataset by more than two orders of magnitude while achieving at least equal, and in most cases superior predictive classification performance over that achieved on features selected by existing feature selection methods alone. An examination of the biological relevance of frequently selected features from FSR-reduced feature sets revealed strong enrichment in association with cancer.
Availability: FSR was implemented in MATLAB R2010b and is available at http://ww2.cs.mu.oz.au/~gwong/FSR
Contact: gwong@csse.unimelb.edu.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available from Bioinformatics online.
Color Recovery after Photoconversion of H2B::mEosFP Allows Detection of Increased Nuclear DNA Content in Developing Plant Cells
Authors: Wozny Michael , Schattat Martin H. , Mathur Neeta , Barton Kiah , Mathur Jaideep 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Many higher plants are polysomatic whereby different cells possess variable amounts of nuclear DNA. The conditional triggering of endocycles results in higher nuclear DNA content (C value) that in some cases has been correlated to increased cell size. While numerous multicolored fluorescent protein (FP) probes have revealed the general behavior of the nucleus and intranuclear components, direct visualization and estimation of changes in nuclear-DNA content in live cells during their development has not been possible. Recently, monomeric Eos fluorescent protein (mEosFP) has emerged as a useful photoconvertible protein whose color changes irreversibly from a green to a red fluorescent form upon exposure to violet-blue light. The stability and irreversibility of red fluorescent mEosFP suggests that detection of green color recovery would be possible as fresh mEosFP is produced after photoconversion. Thus a ratiometric evaluation of the red and green forms of mEosFP following photoconversion could be used to estimate production of a core histone such as H2B during its concomitant synthesis with DNA in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. Here we present proof of concept observations on transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow 2 cells and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants stably expressing H2B::mEosFP. In Arabidopsis seedlings an increase in green fluorescence is observed specifically in cells known to undergo endoreduplication. The detection of changes in nuclear DNA content by correlating color recovery of H2B::mEosFP after photoconversion is a novel approach involving a single FP. The method has potential for facilitating detailed investigations on conditions that favor increased cell size and the development of polysomaty in plants.
Local sex ratio affects the cost of reproduction
Authors: Nicolaus Marion , Michler Stephanie P. M. , Ubels Richard , van der Velde Marco , Bouwman Karen M. , Both Christiaan , Tinbergen Joost M. 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Costs and benefits of reproduction are central to life‐history theory, and the outcome of reproductive trade‐offs may depend greatly on the ecological conditions in which they are estimated. In this study, we propose that costs and benefits of reproduction are modulated by social effects, and consequently that selection on reproductive rates depends on the social environment.2. We tested this hypothesis in a great titParus majorpopulation. Over 3 years, we altered parental reproductive effort via brood size manipulations (small, intermediate, large) and manipulated the local social environment via changes in the local fledgling density (decreased, increased) and the local sex ratio (female‐biased, control, male‐biased).3. We found that male‐biased treatment consistently increased the subsequent local breeding densities over the 3‐year study period. We also found that parents rearing small broods in these male‐biased plots had increased survival rates compared with the other experimental groups.4. We conclude that reproductive costs are the product of an interaction between parental phenotypic quality after reproduction and the social environment: raising a small brood had long‐lasting effects on some phenotypic traits of the parents and that this increased their survival chances in male‐biased environment where habitat quality may have deteriorated (via increased disease/predation risk or intraspecific competition).5. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that local sex ratio can affect reproductive costs and thus optimal clutch size.