bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Activated EGFR Predict Poor Response to (Chemo)radiation and Survival in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Noordhuis Maartje G. , Eijsink Jasper J.H. , ten Hoor Klaske A. , Roossink Frank , Hollema Harry , Arts Henriëtte J.G. , Pras Elisabeth , Maduro John H. , Reyners Anna K.L. , de Bock Geertruida H. , Wisman G. Bea A. , Schuuring Ed , van der Zee Ate G.J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway has been reported to induce resistance to (chemo)radiation in cancers, such as head and neck cancer, whereas EGFR-targeted agents in combination with (chemo)radiation seem to improve treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between proteins involved in the EGFR pathway and response to (chemo)radiation and survival in a large, well-documented series of cervical cancer patients.
Experimental Design: Pretreatment tissue samples of 375 consecutive International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians stage Ib to IVa cervical cancer patients treated with (chemo)radiation between January 1980 and December 2006 were collected. Clinicopathologic and follow-up data were prospectively obtained during standard treatment and follow-up. Protein expression of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), PTEN, phosphorylated AKT, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays.
Results: EGFR staining was present in 35.3%, pEGFR in 19.7%, PTEN in 34.1%, phosphorylated AKT in 4.1%, and pERK in 29.2% of tumors. pEGFR staining was related to PTEN (P = 0.001) and pERK staining (P = 0.004). EGFR staining was inversely related to PTEN (P = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, membranous staining of EGFR [hazard ratio (HR), 1.84; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.20-2.82; P = 0.005] and cytoplasmic staining of pEGFR (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.11-2.66; P = 0.016) were independent predictors of poor response to (chemo)radiation. Membranous EGFR staining also was an independent prognostic factor for poor disease-specific survival (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09-2.17; P = 0.014).
Conclusions: EGFR and pEGFR immunostainings are frequently observed and independently associated with poor response to therapy and disease-specific survival in cervical cancer patients primarily treated by (chemo)radiation. Our data present the EGFR pathway as a promising therapeutic target in already ongoing clinical trials. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7389–97)
Phase I Clinical Trial of an Adenovirus/Prostate-Specific Antigen Vaccine for Prostate Cancer: Safety and Immunologic Results
Authors: Lubaroff David M. , Konety Badrinath R. , Link Brian , Gerstbrein Jack , Madsen Tammy , Shannon Mary , Howard Jeanne , Paisley Jennifer , Boeglin Diana , Ratliff Timothy L. , Williams Richard D. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Purpose: We performed a phase I clinical trial of adenovirus/prostate-specific antigen (PSA) vaccine in men with measurable metastatic hormone-refractory disease.
Experimental Design: Men with measurable metastatic disease received one vaccine injection. Toxicity, immune responses, changes in PSA doubling times, and patient survival were assessed. Thirty-two patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer were treated with a single s.c. vaccine injection at one of three dose levels, either as an aqueous solution or suspended in a Gelfoam matrix. All patients returned for physical and clinical chemistry examinations at regular intervals up to 12 months after injections.
Results: The vaccine was deemed safe at all doses in both administration forms. There were no serious vaccine-related adverse events; the most prevalent were localized erythema/ecchymoses and cold/flu-like symptoms. Anti-PSA antibodies were produced by 34% of patients and anti-PSA T-cell responses were produced by 68%. PSA doubling time was increased in 48%, whereas 55% survived longer than predicted by the Halabi nomogram.
Conclusions: The adenovirus/PSA vaccine was proven safe with no serious vaccine-related adverse events. The majority of vaccinated patients produced anti-PSA T-cell responses and over half survived longer than predicted by nomogram. Although the latter data are only derived from a small number of patients in this phase I trial, they are encouraging enough to pursue further studies. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7375–80)
Perception-Production Relations in the Voicing Contrast for Initial Stops in 3-Year-Olds
Authors: Bailey P.J. , Haggard M.P. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
34 children (average age 3; 3) furnished perception and production data on five initial voiced-voiceless stop cognates. In addition to the usual systematic effects of place of articulation, significant individual differences were found in both mean produced values of voice onset time (VOT) and mean perceptual boundary in terms of VOT. There was a suggestion of within-sample cross-sectional age trends in both production and perception data. Some restricted correlations between the two types of data were observed and were interpreted as indicating an earlier development of perceptual cue usage than of articulatory control, possibly causative. The restriction appeared to be related to the very low variance in the perception measures. Consideration of average discrepancies between mean perception and mean production data suggested that interpretation of trends in production data may be assisted by taking a measure of the point of overlap between voiced and voiceless productions, rather than the simple average of their means.
Divine Law and Local Custom in Northern Nigerian zinā Trials
Authors: Weimann Gunnar J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe introduction of Islamic criminal law in twelve northern states of the Nigerian federation after 1999 was widely perceived as an attempt to Islamise the Nigerian state. In this article it is argued that the “šarī'a project” started as a pre-election promise, but was immediately supported by Muslim reform groups whose aim was not the establishment of an Islamic state but rather the imposition of šarī'a compliant behaviour on Muslims. Particular emphasis was put on illicit sexual relations (zinā). However, Muslim societies of northern Nigeria have a notion of zinā which differs in important aspects from the classical doctrine, and certain forms of socially accepted extramarital sexuality still exist. Based on an analysis of a sample of šarī'a court trials for rape, sodomy, incest and zinā, it is shown that the judicial practice in šarī'a courts has helped to mitigate the effects of Islamic criminal law on the traditional societies in northern Nigeria. In particular, accusations based on suspicion and pregnancy out of wedlock as proof of zinā have been rejected by the courts, thereby confirming the privacy of the family compound and traditional conflict resolution through mediation. At the same time, male control over female sexuality has been strengthened.
Introduction
Authors: Merolla Daniela 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSculptures, paintings, drawings, performances, and films have often refashioned narratives of the origins of the cosmos and of human beings. The essays collected in Creation Myths and the Visual Arts investigate the interplay between image and narrative and offer critical approaches from literary studies, the history of art, archaeology, and anthropology on the interpretation and categorization of verbal and visual representations of “creation myths” from all over the world.
Filming African Creation Myths
Authors: Merolla Daniela 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAfrican film directors have made use of mythology and oral storytelling in countless circumstances. These filmmakers have explored the core role that orality plays in ideas of African identity and used mythological themes as allegorical forms in order to address present-day issues while working under dictatorial regimes. They have turned to mythology and oral storytelling because of their determination to convey an African philosophical approach to the world, often to counter the colonial and neo-colonial oversimplification of African cultures seen as bereft of grand narratives on the self and the world. Identity construction, critical allegorical messages, and philosophical approaches are discussed in this paper by looking at the interplay between verbal narrative and images in two “epic” films: Keïta, l'héritage du Griot (1995) directed by Dani Kouyaté, and Yeelen (1987) directed by Souleymane Cissé.
Empirics, Physicians, and Wonder Drugs in Early Modern Germany: The Case of the Panacea Amwaldina
Authors: Rankin Alisha 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis essay examines the conflicting approaches towards marvelous cures in sixteenth-century Germany. As pharmaceutical substances flooded in from both east and west, they brought with them a market for "wonder drugs" that would cure any ailment. In this climate, university-trained physicians felt threatened by the rising popularity of cures hawked by empirical practitioners, while at the same time endorsing certain wonder drugs. Using the example of one particularly controversial empiric, Georg am Wald, and his wonder drug, the Panacea Amwaldina, this article parses the various factors that made the medical elite embrace certain cures while deriding others.
Bolatu's Pharmacy Theriac in Early Modern China
Authors: Nappi Carla 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn early modern China, natural history and medicine were shifting along with the boundaries of the empire. Naturalists struggled to cope with a pharmacy's worth of new and unfamiliar substances, texts, and terms, as plants, animals, and the drugs made from them travelled into China across land and sea. One crucial aspect of this phenomenon was the early modern exchange between Islamic and Chinese medicine. The history of theriac illustrates the importance of the recipe for the naturalization of foreign objects in early modern Chinese medicine. Theriac was a widely sought-after and hotly debated product in early modern European pharmacology, and arrived into the Chinese medical canon via Arabic and Persian texts. The dialogue between language and material objects was critical to the Silk Road drug trade, and transliteration was ultimately a crucial technology used to translate drugs and texts about them in the early modern world.
The Caribbean Court of Justice and Legal Integration within CARICOM: Some Lessons from the European Community
Authors: O'Brien Derek , Morano-Foadi Sonia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCARICOM, established under the Treaty of Chaguaramas, in 1973, has since its inception suffered from the repeated failure of member states to implement at the national level decisions taken by the Heads of Government at the regional level. The Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ,) which has been vested with a compulsory and exclusive jurisdiction to interpret and apply the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, is intended to bridge this implementation gap. This has aroused expectations that the CCJ will play a role similar to that played by the ECJ in promoting legal integration. However, it is important to recognise that the ECJ has functioned within a particular jurisdictional framework and has benefited from the contribution of a diverse range of actors within the wider European legal community. It cannot, therefore, be assumed that the CCJ will be able to replicate the role played by the ECJ. The aim of this article is, accordingly, to review the jurisdictional framework within which the CCJ will function; to explore how this is likely to affect its relationship with the wider legal community within CARICOM; and, finally, to consider how this will impact upon legal integration within the region generally.
PTEN is a tumor suppressor in CML stem cells and BCR-ABL–induced leukemias in mice
Authors: Peng Cong , Chen Yaoyu , Yang Zhongfa , Zhang Haojian , Osterby Lori , Rosmarin Alan G. , Li Shaoguang 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is inactivated in many human cancers. However, it is unknown whether PTEN functions as a tumor suppressor in human Philadelphia chromosome–positive leukemia that includes chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and is induced by the BCR-ABL oncogene. By using our mouse model of BCR-ABL–induced leukemias, we show that Pten is down-regulated by BCR-ABL in leukemia stem cells in CML and that PTEN deletion causes acceleration of CML development. In addition, overexpression of PTEN delays the development of CML and B-ALL and prolongs survival of leukemia mice. PTEN suppresses leukemia stem cells and induces cell-cycle arrest of leukemia cells. Moreover, PTEN suppresses B-ALL development through regulating its downstream gene Akt1. These results demonstrate a critical role of PTEN in BCR-ABL–induced leukemias and suggest a potential strategy for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome–positive leukemia.
Inhibition of Syk with fostamatinib disodium has significant clinical activity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Friedberg Jonathan W. , Sharman Jeff , Sweetenham John , Johnston Patrick B. , Vose Julie M. , LaCasce Ann , Schaefer-Cutillo Julia , De Vos Sven , Sinha Rajni , Leonard John P. , Cripe Larry D. , Gregory Stephanie A. , Sterba Michael P. , Lowe Ann M. , Levy Ronald , Shipp Margaret A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCertain malignant B cells rely on B-cell receptor (BCR)–mediated survival signals. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) initiates and amplifies the BCR signal. In in vivo analyses of B-cell lymphoma cell lines and primary tumors, Syk inhibition induces apoptosis. These data prompted a phase 1/2 clinical trial of fostamatinib disodium, the first clinically available oral Syk inhibitor, in patients with recurrent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Dose-limiting toxicity in the phase 1 portion was neutropenia, diarrhea, and thrombocytopenia, and 200 mg twice daily was chosen for phase 2 testing. Sixty-eight patients with recurrent B-NHL were then enrolled in 3 cohorts: (1) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), (2) follicular lymphoma (FL), and (3) other NHL, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas, and small lymphocytic leukemia/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL). Common toxicities included diarrhea, fatigue, cytopenias, hypertension, and nausea. Objective response rates were 22% (5 of 23) for DLBCL, 10% (2 of 21) for FL, 55% (6 of 11) for SLL/CLL, and 11% (1/9) for MCL. Median progression-free survival was 4.2 months. Disrupting BCR-induced signaling by inhibiting Syk represents a novel and active therapeutic approach for NHL and SLL/CLL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00446095.
Clinical trial to assess the effect of physical exercise on endothelial function and insulin resistance in pregnant women
Authors: Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Aguilar Ana C , Mosquera Mildrey , Garcia Ronald G , Reyes Laura M , López-Jaramillo Patricio 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
Preeclampsia (PE) is a common maternal disease that complicates 5 to 10% of pregnancies and remains as the major cause of maternal and neonatal mortality. Cost-effective interventions aimed at preventing the development of preeclampsia are urgently needed. However, the pathogenesis of PE is not well known. Multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance may contribute to its development. Regular aerobic exercise recovers endothelial function; improves insulin resistance and decreases oxidative stress. Therefore the purpose of this clinical trial is to determine the effect of regular aerobic exercise on endothelial function, on insulin resistance and on pregnancy outcome.

Methods and design
64 pregnant women will be included in a blind, randomized clinical trial, and parallel assignment. The exercise group will do regular aerobic physical exercise: walking (10 minutes), aerobic exercise (30 minutes), stretching (10 minutes) and relaxation exercise (10 minutes) in three sessions per week. Control group will do the activities of daily living (bathing, dressing, eating, and walking) without counselling from a physical therapist.

Trial registration
NCT00741312.
Regulation of macrophage motility by Irgm1
Authors: Henry Stanley C , Traver Maria , Daniell Xiaojou , Indaram Maanasa , Oliver Tim , Taylor Gregory A 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Irgm1 controls macrophage motility by regulating the positioning of specific GKS IRG proteins to the plasma membrane, leading to altered Rac activity and actin remodelling.
IRG are a family of IFN-regulated proteins that are critical for resistance to infection. Mouse IRG proteins are divided into GMS and GKS subfamilies, based on a sequence within the G1 GTP-binding motif. The GMS proteins have a particularly profound impact on immunity, as typified by Irgm1, of which absence leads to a complete loss of resistance to a variety of intracellular bacteria and protozoa. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we use time-lapse microscopy and cell-tracking analysis to demonstrate that Irgm1 is required for motility of IFN-γ-activated macrophages. The absence of Irgm1 led to decreased actin remodeling at the leading edge of migrating macrophages, as well as decreased Rac activation. Although Irgm1 did not localize to the leading edge of migrating macrophages, it was found to regulate the localization of a GKS IRG protein, Irgb6, which in turn, concentrated on the plasma membrane in the advancing lamellipodia, in close apposition to molecular components that regulate membrane remodeling, including Rac, paxillin, and actin. Thus, Irgm1 likely controls macrophage motility by regulating the positioning of specific GKS IRG proteins to the plasma membrane, which in turn, modulate cytoskeletal remodeling and membrane dynamics.
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on magnetically separable FePc/Fe3O4 nanocomposite under visible irradiation
Authors: Wang Kun , Yu Lixia , Yin Sheng , Li Henan , Li Huaming 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A novel magnetically separable photocatalyst iron phthalocyanine/Fe3O4 (FePc/Fe3O4) nanocomposite was easily prepared by an organic–inorganic complexation technique, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR). This functional nanocomposite has been found to exhibit high catalytic activity in the presence of added hydrogen peroxide, for oxidative degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. Under these conditions, MB (10 mg/l) underwent about 78 % oxidation in 2 h, and the catalyst still retained high activity after five catalytic cycles. Intervening recovery was easily achieved by changing the external magnetic field.
The role of anti-core antibody response in the detection of occult hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Urbani Simona , Fagnoni Francesco , Missale Gabriele , Franchini Massimo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOccult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by the presence of HBV DNA in serum and/or in the liver of patients negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Occult infection may impact in several different clinical contexts including the risk of HBV transmission with transfusion or transplantation, and endogenous viral reactivation. The gold standard test for detection of occult infection is the amplification of HBV DNA. However, the serological assay for the long-lasting antibody response to the highly immunogenic HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) represents a qualified candidate as a surrogate for DNA amplification, or for increasing overall sensitivity when assessing the risk of occult hepatitis in peripheral blood. The risk of occult hepatitis associated with anti-HBc seropositivity has been demonstrated extensively, and the presence of antibody response to HBc can be considered a sentinel marker of occult HBV infection.Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:23–9.
Emiliano Zapata and the Old Regime: Myth, Memory, and Method
Authors: Schell William 
Published: November 2009

Four decades after its publication, John Womack's masterpiece Zapata and the Mexican Revolution remains the definitive account of the man and his movement and the basis of the generally agreed upon facts. It is also perhaps the most cited work of Anglophone Latin American history. This is not hyperbole. The index of Alan Knight's highly regarded Porfirians, Liberals and Peasants lists thirty-seven pages under “Zapata, Emiliano.”Womack is cited fifty-six times on twenty-three of them. Not infrequently, when Knight cites other accounts of Zapata's rebellion, Womack is the underlying source. And underlying Womack's account is that of John Steinbeck and Elia Kazan's film ¡Viva Zapata! The cinematic influence of their true invention is most evident in Womack's account of Zapata's Porfirian period, with which this piece is largely concerned.
Cuatro décadas después de su publicación, la obra maestra de John Womack, Zapata and the Mexican Revolution, sigue siendo el recuento definitivo del hombre y de su movimiento y la base de lo que generalmente se cree son los hechos reales. También es, quizás, el trabajo más citado de habla inglesa de la historia de América Latina. Esto no es una hipérbole. El índice del tan admirado libro de Alan Knight, Porfirians, Liberals and Peasants cita treinta y siete páginas en “Zapata, Emiliano.” Womack es citado cincuenta y seis veces en veinte y tres de ellas. No es infrecuente que cuando Knight cita otras referencias de la rebelión de Zapata, Womack es la fuente ulterior. Sin embargo, en la historia de Womack se puede discernir a la vez la influencia de John Steinbeck y la película de Elia Kazan, ¡Viva Zapata! Este documento explora esta influencia como un llamado a reconocer y ejercer las poderosas fuentes no verbales (pictóricas, cinematográficas y musicales) que dan forma a nuestra percepción del pasado.
Central Corneal Thickness in Children With Diabetes
Authors: Akinci Arsen , Bulus Derya , Aycan Zehra , Oner Ozgur 
Published: November 2009

Purpose:
To evaluate the central corneal thickness in children with diabetes and to determine the association between diabetes mellitus–related variables and central corneal thickness.

Methods:
Fifty-nine patients (mean age: 13.2 years) with diabetes mellitus and 38 controls (mean age: 10.3 years) were compared in terms of central corneal thickness assessed by ultrasound pachymetry. The effects of age, gender, the duration of diabetes mellitus, the mean and current hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level, and fasting blood sugar level on central corneal thickness were investigated. Analysis of covariance and multivariate regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

The analysis of covariance with age as the covariant indicated that the diabetes mellitus group had significantly increased central corneal thickness (mean: 576.9±41.8 µm) compared with the control group (mean: 521±16.6 µm) (
P
<.0001). A multivariate regression model evaluating the effects of age, gender, duration of diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose, and the mean and current HbA1C levels on central corneal thickness was statistically significant (F(4,54)=3.33,
P
=.016). The results indicated that the current HbA1c value was the only significant predictor for central corneal thickness (B=0.29, t=2.13,
P
=.038) (B=9.7
µ
m per 1% HbA1C and B=13.3
µ
m per 1% HbA1C for right and left eyes, respectively).

Conclusions:
Diabetic patients have a significantly increased (∼55 µm) central corneal thickness compared with healthy controls. Current HbA1C value, which is the marker of metabolic control of the disease, is the only disease-related variable that predicts a higher central corneal thickness.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:1041–1044.]