bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Problems and Innovative Solutions: Social Entrepreneurship in Brasov County, Romania
Authors: Gotea Mihaela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn a complex world there are various conditions for the generation of a vast palette of social problems, which alter the quality of life for individuals, communities and society. For these problems, the solutions are designed by decisional factors (international, national or local ones) or they are emerging in a bottom-up manner (created by actors in civil society), or a combination of them. This paper aims to explore the linkage between social problems, social innovation and social entrepreneurship, with focus on Romanian context. Social entrepreneurship is a way to find new solutions to complex social problems and a generator of sustainable development of the communities and society at large. Aspects related to the macro-social framework of the social economy in Romania are highlighted. Then, the focus is on a local community, in order to describe some of its challenges and investigate mechanisms to solve these social problems. Using case studies, the paper draws on the experiences of entrepreneurs or intrapreneurs who have succeeded in developing or growing social enterprises. The exploration of their experience intends to clarify what works, and can be seen as a model of good practice.
The Dilemma of Food: Taste or Healthy Choices?
Authors: Farinha Carlos , Avelar Sónia , Tiago Almeida , Borges-Tiago Maria Teresa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndividuals have an intricate relationship with food; trying to balance taste, authenticity, and health presents challenges, since each choice carries its own advantages and trade-offs. Tourists face this dilemma more vividly. Thus, this work, prompting a dual research approach using Eurobarometer data and TripAdvisor reviews, tries to unveil the predominant dimensions in consumer decision process. Through a cluster analysis, the data from Eurobarometer allowed unveiling four types of consumer profiles when it comes to food decisions: one centered at the food safety, one at the cost, one at the nutrient content, and the last one, on food taste. These clusters were present in all countries with different weights. Focusing only on restaurant experiences in Portugal shared online, there is a growing trend in referencing sustainability and businesses’ social responsibility besides the quality and taste of food; health and hygiene are also mentioned. Gastronomy holds a crucial position in promoting the sustainable development of local tourism; understanding the needs and desires of tourists in terms of consuming healthy foods is crucial for tourism businesses to address authentic tourism experiences.
Students’ Perception About the Role of Universities’ Online Informal Communication Platforms in Improving the Connections Between Students and Institutions
Authors: Coman Claudiu , Guta Andreea , Bularca Maria-Cristina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFrom a simple channel through which people can communicate at a distance, the Internet has been transformed, evolved and slowly started to dominate different aspects of their lives. In this regard, people in general, and students and universities in particular, began using online platforms for different purposes. The aim of our paper is to examine students’ perception regarding the informal online platforms used in the name of Transilvania University of Brasov, in order to identify the way in which such platforms can influence the collaboration between students and the university. Students’ perception about the Facebook page entitled “Unitbv Crush” -a page created with the purpose of helping students interact and date with each other- were analyzed. A mixed method approach included interviews with 15 top fan students based on the Facebook algorithm of the same university as part of a pilot study and a questionnaire that was applied to 848 students. Results of the research showed that most students thought that the page was created with the purpose of posting fun content and of dating, and that they did not agree with the idea that the page should be administrated by the university. Therefore, the page managed to improve the collaboration between students, but by showing that students did not want for the page to be administrated by the university, the page has little to no influence on improving collaboration between the institution and its students. Universities could benefit from the results of this research, in the case in which they would like to take control over the Crush pages created by students.
Towards natural and realistic E7 GUTs in F-theory
Authors: Li Shing Yan , Taylor Washington 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider phenomenological aspects of a natural class of Standard Model-like supersymmetric F-theory vacua realized through flux breaking of rigid E7 gauge factors. Three generations of Standard Model matter are realized in many of these vacua. We further find that many other Standard Model-like features are naturally compatible with these constructions. For example, dimension-4 and 5 terms associated with proton decay are ubiquitously suppressed. Many of these features are due to the group theoretical structure of E7 and associated F-theory geometry. In particular, a set of approximate global symmetries descends from the E7 group, leading to exponential suppression of undesired couplings.
The GPI-anchor biosynthesis pathway is critical for syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and placental development
Authors: Álvarez-Sánchez Andrea , Grinat Johanna , Doria-Borrell Paula , Mellado-López Maravillas , Pedrera-Alcócer Érica , Malenchini Marta , Meseguer Salvador , Hemberger Myriam , Pérez-García Vicente 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthetic pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for generating GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), which are translocated to the cell surface and play a vital role in cell signaling and adhesion. This study focuses on two integral components of the GPI pathway, the PIGL and PIGF proteins, and their significance in trophoblast biology. We show that GPI pathway mutations impact on placental development impairing the differentiation of the syncytiotrophoblast (SynT), and especially the SynT-II layer, which is essential for the establishment of the definitive nutrient exchange area within the placental labyrinth. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of Pigl and Pigf in mouse trophoblast stem cells (mTSCs) confirms the role of these GPI enzymes in syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, impaired GPI-AP generation induces an excessive unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ER in mTSCs growing in stem cell conditions, akin to what is observed in human preeclampsia. Upon differentiation, the impairment of the GPI pathway hinders the induction of WNT signaling for early SynT-II development. Remarkably, the transcriptomic profile of Pigl- and Pigf-deficient cells separates human patient placental samples into preeclampsia and control groups, suggesting an involvement of Pigl and Pigf in establishing a preeclamptic gene signature. Our study unveils the pivotal role of GPI biosynthesis in early placentation and uncovers a new preeclampsia gene expression profile associated with mutations in the GPI biosynthesis pathway, providing novel molecular insights into placental development with implications for enhanced patient stratification and timely interventions.
The impact of drought duration on two Potamogeton species with different growth forms
Authors: Daumal Maya M. , Oosterhuis Dian , Verhofstad Michiel J. J. M. , Erkens Roy H. J. , Peeters Edwin T. H. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen facing new climate extremes, aquatic plant communities may experience more frequent or increasing durations of water shortages. Aquatic macrophytes of permanently inundated habitats (true hydrophytes) may lack the physiological or morphological characteristics that protect terrestrial plants from drying out. Aquatic hydrophytes with floating or emergent leaves are expected to be more resilient to droughts than completely submerged plants, as they have morphological characteristics adapted to air-exposed conditions. Therefore, we expected the latter to survive longer periods of air exposure and perform better with increasing drought than a completely submerged growing species. Here, we conducted a microcosm experiment and exposed two Potamogeton species—the completely submerged growing Potamogeton perfoliatus and the areal leaf producing Potamogeton nodosus—to different drought conditions (1, 5, and 15 days). We aimed to detect how two species with different growth strategies cope with and respond to increasing air exposures with waterlogged sediment. Both species showed a resistance to 1–5 days of drought but showed high mortality after 15 days. They displayed significant differences in all measured morphological responses (shoot length, side shoot, and leaf counts), plant chemistry (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate), and the produced biomass (shoot, root, leaves), and reacted significantly to increasing drought durations. Differences in their resistance were observed based on the mortality rate and morphological responses. To prevent long-term droughts and keep mortality low, we recommend to the water managers to identify areas of risk and increase water levels during dry periods.
Shock index to predict outcomes in patients with trauma following traffic collisions: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liao Te-Kai , Ho Chung-Han , Lin Ying-Jia , Cheng Li-Chin , Huang Hsuan-Yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Taiwan, which has a rate of high vehicle ownership, faces significant challenges in managing trauma caused by traffic collisions. In Taiwan, traffic collisions contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality, with a high incidence of severe bleeding trauma. The shock index (SI) and the modified shock index (MSI) have been proposed as early indicators of hemodynamic instability. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of SI and MSI in predicting adverse outcomes in patients with trauma following traffic collisions.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Chi Mei Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020. The comprehensive analysis included 662 patients, with data collected on vital signs and outcomes such as mortality, blood transfusion, emergent surgical intervention (ESI), transarterial embolization (TAE), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Optimal cutoff points for SI and MSI were identified by calculating the Youden index. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess outcomes, adjusting for demographic and injury severity variables.

Results
An SI threshold of 1.11 was associated with an increased risk of mortality, while an SI of 0.84 predicted the need for blood transfusion in the context of traffic collisions. Both SI and MSI demonstrated high predictive power for mortality and blood transfusion, with acceptable accuracy for TAE, ESI, and ICU admission. Logistic regression analyses confirmed the independence of SI and MSI as risk factors for adverse outcomes, thus, providing valuable insights into their clinical utility.

Conclusions
SI and MSI are valuable tools for predicting mortality and blood transfusion needs in patients with trauma due to traffic collisions. These findings advance the quality of care for patients with trauma during their transition from the emergency room to the ICU, facilitating prompt and reliable decision-making processes and improving the care of patients with trauma.
Atrioventricular Area Difference Aids Diastolic Filling in Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Johansson Martin , Hedström Erik , Steding-Ehrenborg Katarina , Bhat Misha , Liuba Petru , Arheden Håkan , Sjöberg Pia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA hydraulic force aids diastolic filling of the left ventricle (LV) and is proportional to the difference in short-axis area between the left ventricle and atrium; the atrioventricular area difference (AVAD). Patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rToF) and pulmonary regurgitation (PR) have reduced LV filling which could lead to a negative AVAD and a hydraulic force impeding diastolic filling. The aim was to assess AVAD and to determine whether the hydraulic force aids or impedes diastolic filling in patients with rToF and PR, compared to controls. Twelve children with rToF (11.5 [9–13] years), 12 pediatric controls (10.5 [9–13] years), 12 adults with rToF (21.5 [19–27] years) and 12 adult controls (24 [21–29] years) were retrospectively included. Cine short-axis images were acquired using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Atrioventricular area difference was calculated as the largest left ventricular short-axis area minus the largest left atrial short-axis area at beginning of diastole and end diastole and indexed to height (AVADi). Children and adults with rToF and PR had higher AVADi (0.3 cm2/m [− 1.3 to 0.8] and − 0.6 [− 1.5 to − 0.2]) at beginning of diastole compared to controls (− 2.7 cm2/m [− 4.9 to − 1.7], p = 0.015) and − 3.3 cm2/m [− 3.8 to − 2.8], p = 0.017). At end diastole AVADi did not differ between patients and controls. Children and adults with rToF and pulmonary regurgitation have an atrioventricular area difference that do not differ from controls and thus a net hydraulic force that contributes to left ventricular diastolic filling, despite a small underfilled left ventricle due to pulmonary regurgitation.
Quantitative evaluation of lesion response heterogeneity for superior prognostication of clinical outcome
Authors: Lokre Ojaswita , Perk Timothy G. , Weisman Amy J. , Govindan Rajkumar Munian , Chen Song , Chen Meijie , Eickhoff Jens , Liu Glenn , Jeraj Robert 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Standardized reporting of treatment response in oncology patients has traditionally relied on methods like RECIST, PERCIST and Deauville score. These endpoints assess only a few lesions, potentially overlooking the response heterogeneity of all disease. This study hypothesizes that comprehensive spatial-temporal evaluation of all individual lesions is necessary for superior prognostication of clinical outcome.

Methods
[18F]FDG PET/CT scans from 241 patients (127 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 114 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)) were retrospectively obtained at baseline and either during chemotherapy or post-chemoradiotherapy. An automated TRAQinform IQ software (AIQ Solutions) analyzed the images, performing quantification of change in regions of interest suspicious of cancer (lesion-ROI). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) models were trained to predict overall survival (OS) with varied sets of quantitative features and lesion-ROI, compared by bootstrapping with C-index and t-tests. The best-fit model was compared to automated versions of previously established methods like RECIST, PERCIST and Deauville score.

Results
Multivariable CoxPH models demonstrated superior prognostic power when trained with features quantifying response heterogeneity in all individual lesion-ROI in DLBCL (C-index = 0.84, p < 0.001) and NSCLC (C-index = 0.71, p < 0.001). Prognostic power significantly deteriorated (p < 0.001) when using subsets of lesion-ROI (C-index = 0.78 and 0.67 for DLBCL and NSCLC, respectively) or excluding response heterogeneity (C-index = 0.67 and 0.70). RECIST, PERCIST, and Deauville score could not significantly associate with OS (C-index < 0.65 and p > 0.1), performing significantly worse than the multivariable models (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Quantitative evaluation of response heterogeneity of all individual lesions is necessary for the superior prognostication of clinical outcome.
Measuring the efficiency of banks using high-performance ensemble technique
Authors: Thabet Huda H. , Darwish Saad M. , Ali Gihan M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe importance of technology and managerial risk management in banks has increased due to the financial crisis. Banks are the most affected since there are so many of them with poor financial standing. Due to this problem, an unstable and inefficient financial system causes economic stagnation in both the banking sector and overall economy. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been used to examine decision-making units (DMUs) performance to enhance efficiency. Currently, with the rapid growth of big data, adding more DMUs will likely require a large amount of memory and CPU time on the computer system, which will be the biggest challenge. As a result, machine learning (ML) approaches have been used to analyze financial institution performance, but many of them have variances in predictions or model stability, making measuring bank efficiency extremely difficult. For this, ensemble learning is commonly used to evaluate the performance of financial institutions in this context. This paper presents a robust super learner ensemble technique for assessing bank efficiency, with four machine learning models serving as base learners. These models are the support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), and AdaBoost classifier (ADA) which represent the base learners and their results utilized to train the meta-learner. The super learner (SL) approach is an extension of the stacking technique, which generates an ensemble based on cross-validation. One important benefit of this cross-validation theory-based technique is that it can overcome the overfitting issue that plagues most other ensemble approaches. When SL and base learners were compared for their forecasting abilities using different statistical standards, the results showed that the SL is superior to the base learners, where different variable combinations were used. The SL had accuracy (ACC) of 0.8636–0.9545 and F1-score (F1) of 0.9143–0.9714, while the basic learners had ACC of 0.5909–0.8182 and F1 of 0.6897–0.9143. So, SL is highly recommended for improving the accuracy of financial data forecasts, even with limited financial data.
From theory to practice: understanding the challenges in the implementation of electrogenerated chemiluminescence for analytical applications
Authors: Giagu Gabriele , Fracassa Alessandro , Fiorani Andrea , Villani Elena , Paolucci Francesco , Valenti Giovanni , Zanut Alessandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) stands out as a remarkable phenomenon of light emission at electrodes initiated by electrogenerated species in solution. Characterized by its exceptional sensitivity and minimal background optical signals, ECL finds applications across diverse domains, including biosensing, imaging, and various analytical applications. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive guide to the utilization of ECL in analytical applications. Beginning with a brief exposition on the theory at the basis of ECL generation, we elucidate the diverse systems employed to initiate ECL. Furthermore, we delineate the principal systems utilized for ECL generation in analytical contexts, elucidating both advantages and challenges inherent to their use. Additionally, we provide an overview of different electrode materials and novel ECL-based protocols tailored for analytical purposes, with a specific emphasis on biosensing applications.
Graphical abstract
Critical hydrodynamic force levels for efficient removal of oral biofilms in simulated interdental spaces
Authors: Hotic Merima , Ackermann Mario , Bopp Joshua , Hofmann Norbert , Karygianni Lamprini , Paqué Pune Nina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Sonic toothbrushes generate hydrodynamic shear forces for oral biofilm removal on tooth surfaces, but the effective thresholds for biofilm removal remain unexplored. This in vitro study aimed to investigate various threshold values for hydrodynamic biofilm removal in vitro.

Materials and methods
A specialized test bench was designed with a known water flow field within a gap, ensuring that hydrodynamic shear forces on the wall were solely dependent on the volume flow, which was quantifiable using an integrated flow meter and proven by a computational fluid dynamics simulation. A young 20 h supragingival six-species biofilm was developed on hydroxyapatite disks (∅ 5 mm) and applied into the test bench, subjecting them to ascending force levels ranging from 0 to 135 Pa. The remaining biofilms were quantified using colony forming units (CFU) and subjected to statistical analysis through one-way ANOVA.

Results
Volume flow measures < 0.1 l/s: Error 1% of reading were established with the test bench. Untreated biofilms (0 Pa, no hydrodynamic shear forces) reached 7.7E7 CFU/harvest and differed significantly from all treated biofilm groups. CFU reductions of up to 2.3E6 were detected using 20 Pa, and reductions of two orders of magnitude were reached above wall shear forces of 45 Pa (6.9E5).

Conclusions
Critical hydrodynamic force levels of at least 20 Pa appear to be necessary to have a discernible impact on initial biofilm removal.

Clinical relevance
Pure hydrodynamic forces alone are insufficient for adequate biofilm removal. The addition of antiseptics is essential to penetrate and disrupt hydrodynamically loosened biofilm structures effectively.
Manufacturing synergies in the redesign of multi-business supply chains through linear programming to meet the evolution of demand
Authors: Anich Nicolas , Mateo-Doll Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNowadays, many companies have several plants as a result of acquisitions or mergers, i.e. horizontal integration. A similar situation occurs with groups of companies which maintain their original brands but have centralized their manufacturing operations. This leads to the same kind of product being manufactured in different plants or under different brand names. In the context of a methodology for the redesign of supply chains, this tool evaluates the synergistic manufacturing in the chains and the minimum costs. The presented linear programs analyse how a better assignment of products to plants can be achieved in terms of costs, according to the resources used, while simultaneously improving the synergistic indicators. Two optimization models are proposed: the first, to obtain the best configuration at a given time, and the second, to manage the manufacturing of car models during several years. The case study is set in the automotive sector, using data from a group of companies with several brands. The application shows that the various plants have common resources, and synergies are feasible. This is justified after evaluating the costs, according to the resources needed. The new assignment of car models to plants takes these synergies into account and the new resource requirements are defined, also considering synergies. In the case study the best decisions in cost for some synergy levels in 10 years are determined. The results show that good synergy levels can be achieved with acceptable increases in costs.
Does really educational robotics improve secondary school students’ course motivation, achievement and attitude?
Authors: Selcuk Nuray Akman , Kucuk Sevda , Sisman Burak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the impact of educational robotics applications in Information Technologies and Software courses on the motivation, attitude towards robotics, and academic achievement of 6th-grade secondary school students. The research employed pre-experimental method encompassing 112 students. Students got training in robotics using the Arduino education kit over the course of eight weeks consisted of programming and electronic concepts. Findings indicate that while students' motivation levels were moderate both before and after the implementation, there was a relative decrease in course motivation scores after the implementation. Students exhibited positive attitudes towards robotics and achieved a good level of success. Additionally, a significant effect of motivation on attitudes towards robotics was observed. Gender was found to have no effects on motivation, attitude, or achievement. It was determined that students held positive attitudes towards robotics and developed favorable views of their robotics skills. The implications are discussed in terms of theoretical insights, practices and directions for further research.