bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SEX PHEROMONE MIXTURE FOR THE BERTHA ARMYWORM MOTH, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA: (Z)-9-TETRADECEN-1-OL ACETATE AND (Z)-11-HEXADECEN-1-OL ACETATE
Authors: Underhill E.W. , Steck W.F. , Chisholm M.D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn abdominal tip extract of female bertha armyworm moths, Mamestra configurata (Walker), was found to contain two sex pheromone components. One corresponded to (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, previously identified from this source, and the other to a tetradecen-1-ol acetate, identified by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Data obtained from the EAG profile of isomeric tetradecen-1-ol acetates indicated the active component to be (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate. Neither of these two acetates was by itself attractive to males in field tests; however, mixtures were attractive, with the best attraction occurring with a C16:C14 acetate ratio of about 19:1.
AN ANALYSIS OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN CALIFORNIA: LYGUS HESPERUS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) INJURY—AN EVALUATION
Authors: Gutierrez A. P. , Leigh T. F. , Wang Y. , Cave R. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method is described for partitioning normal plant fruit shedding losses from those caused by the pest Lygus hesperus Knight. The relationship between age of bug and its damaged rate per day degree was determined, and used to assess the impact of various lygus population levels on crop development and yield. A simulation model for lygus phenology and population dynamics is reported.
THE EFFECTS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ON PARASITOIDS OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), AND THE SPRUCE CONEWORM, DIORYCTRIA RENICULELLOIDES (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN MONTANA
Authors: Hamel D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParasitoid studies were conducted concurrently with a pilot control project to test the efficacy of Dipel® WP, a formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, in reducing western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, populations. Twenty-one species of parasitoids were recovered in rearings of the budworm and an associated defoliator, the spruce coneworm, Dioryctria reniculelloides Mutuura and Munroe. Parasitoid population alterations occurred following application. Parasitism by Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. and Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.), which attack prediapausing first-instar budworm, was significantly higher in treatment blocks following B.t. application. Parasitism by Phaeogenes hariolus (Cr.), Cermoasia auricaudata Tns., and Madremyia saundersii (Will), parasitoids of late instars and pupae, was significantly lower following treatment. Comparisons of parasitoid populations were made between pre- and post-spray sampling periods and between treatment and check blocks.
ESTIMATES OF POPULATION SIZE AND SURVIVAL OF IMMATURE STAGES OF FOUR SPECIES OF AEDES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN A TEMPORARY POND
Authors: Enfield M. A. , Pritchard G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA temporary pond close to Calgary, Alberta, was studied for 2 years. In the spring of the first year (1974) the pond filled with water to a much higher level than normal and it did not dry and reflood until August. The first flooding hatched eggs of Aedes euedes, A. cataphylla, A. excrucians, A. fitchii, A. flavescens, and A. mercurator; the second flooding hatched eggs of A. vexans and A. cinereus. Estimates of larval population size were made for the latter two species and little larval mortality occurred until the pond was reduced to a few small puddles, when larvae became stranded. The pond dried completely before the pupal stage was attained. Fifty per cent of surviving A. vexans larvae attained instar II in 3.7 days, instar III in 6.6 days, and instar IV in 10.3 days. A. cinereus developed more slowly.In the second year (1975) the pond contained water from the middle of April to the beginning of June, and did not refill in the summer. Estimates of larval population sizes were made for A. euedes and A. mercurator. These larvae shared a preference for the deeper water in the centre of the pond. Their numbers declined at rates of 9% per day for A. euedes and 7% per day for A. mercurator. Larvae in the second instar survived a period of 3 days when the water surface was covered with ice and snow, but A. euedes experienced a sharp drop in numbers at this time.Fifty-three per cent of the eggs of A. vexans survived a period of 1 year in areas not flooded with water at appropriate temperatures for hatching.
AN APPARATUS FOR EXCHANGING DIETS RAPIDLY DURING ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF SUCKING INSECTS
Authors: Friend W. G. , Smith J. J. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn apparatus is described which permits either continuous or interrupted flow of diet under a membrane through which piercing and sucking insects can feed. The flow does not affect feeding behaviour while allowing a replacement of one diet by another which is 99% effective in less than 2 sec, using approximately 2 ml of diet. Monitoring electrical conductivity of a diet at the feeding membrane permits quantitative evaluation of exchange efficiency. Use of this apparatus in experiments on dietary requirements and mass-rearing are discussed.
GEOCORIS BULLATUS, AN OCCASIONAL PREDATOR ON FLEA BEETLES (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)
Authors: Burgess L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGeocoris bullatus (Say) adults were observed on two separate occasions dragging adult flea beetles over the soil surface, with one of the flea beetles being identified as Phyllotreta striolata (F). No predation was seen on other occasions when this predator and flea beetles were present together in the field, nor in laboratory confinement experiments. Under the latter circumstances G. bullatus readily attacked aphids, however. It seems likely that G. bullatus is only an incidental predator on adult flea beetles in western Canada.
THE ANALYSIS OF INTRAGENERATION CHANGE IN EASTERN ONTARIO POPULATIONS OF THE ALFALFA WEEVIL, HYPERA POSTICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Harcourt D. G. , Guppy J. C. , Binns M. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFifteen life tables were compiled from population and mortality data collected in the Quinte area of eastern Ontario during the 5-year period, 1972–76, that spanned the rise and fall of an outbreak of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.).Components analysis of the data showed that a disease of the feeding larvae caused by Entomophthora phytonomi Arthur, a fungus new to the insect in North America, was the principal determinant of intrageneration survival. Multivariate analysis of the separate mortalities, expressed as k-values, confirmed that this agent was the key factor governing population trends of the weevil and was mainly responsible for its population decline.Examination of the properties of the various mortality factors showed that E. phytonomi was density dependent but overcompensating. Other agents, including the parasitoids Bathyplectes curculionis (Thom.) and Tetrastichus incertus (Ratz.) acted in a density independent manner and contributed little to population trend.
A TECHNIQUE FOR REARING THE PREDACEOUS MITEBALAUSTIUM PUTMANI(ACARINA: ERYTHRAEIDAE), WITH NOTES ON ITS BIOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY
Authors: Cadogan B. L. , Laing J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe predaceous miteBalaustium putmaniSmiley was studied in the laboratory and in apple orchards in southern Ontario. A rearing technique was devised which facilitated the study of the life history and behaviour of individual mites.Temperature and moisture influenced the development and hatching of eggs. In the presence of water, development proceeded more rapidly at the higher temperature of the 10°–25°C range tested. In the absence of water no development occurred. LarvalB.putmaniare free-living predators and although some were observed feeding periodically on pollen grains, they could not survive solely on this diet. All three motile stages are predators of a wide range of small, soft-bodied arthropods, but feed mainly on eriophyids and phytophagous tetranychid mites. The rate of consumption of the eggs and motile stages of the European red mite was determined for each motile stage at 20° and 25°C. Insemination is by externally deposited spermatophores and in the adult females, no facultative parthenogenesis was evident.
TRENDS OF CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) POPULATIONS OVER 12 YEARS ON TWO CULTIVARS IN AN INSECTICIDE FREE ORCHARD
Authors: MacLellan C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe populations of Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) on two cultivars in an insecticide free orchard showed similar trends over a 12-year period. Infestation of fruit was greater on the cultivar with the larger annual crop. Predation of eggs on the cultivar Delicious was greater than on the cultivar McIntosh. Mortality of neonate larvae was greater on McIntosh. Egg-to-egg survival ratios varied from 0.23 to 6.83. The average generation survival of egg to adult for the 12-year period was near 10% which confirms an earlier value established empirically.
SEX ATTRACT ANTS FOR MALES OF 12 MOTH SPECIES FOUND IN WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Steck W. , Underhill E. W. , Chisholm M. D. , Bailey B. K. , Loeffler J. , Devlin C. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAttractants were found for males of 12 moth species: Acronicta grisea Walker, Andropolia contacta Walker, Argyrotaenia dorsalana Dyar, Chrysaspidia putnami (Grote), Chrysaspidia venusta Walker, Eurythmia hospitella Zeller, Exartema appendiceum Zeller, Mutuuraia mysippusalis (Walker), Decodes horarianus Walsingham, Polia atlantica Grote, Sitochroa chortalis Grote, and Pandemis canadana Kearfott. For five of these species single pure compounds were useful attractants, while the remaining seven required binary mixtures whose components when tested singly showed little or no attractancy.
OVERWINTERING AREAS AND MIGRATORY ROUTES OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY (DANAUS P. PLEXIPPUS, LEPIDOPTERA: DANAIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE WESTERN POPULATION
Authors: Urquhart F. A. , Urquhart N. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAs a result of alar tagging migrating specimens of the monarch butterfly (Danaus p. plexippus L.) in North America over a period of 25 years, it was possible to plot the migration routes establishing two large overwintering colonies, one located in California and the other in mountains of the Sierra Madré Occidentale in Mexico. Photographs of the two overwintering populations are presented together with release–recapture lines showing the direction of migration from breeding areas to the two overwintering sites. Data, presented for the first time, show the migration routes of the Western population from the breeding areas in the mountains and west of the mountains to California.
THE WITHIN FIELD SPATIAL PATTERN OF THE LARVAL EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL, HYPERA BRUNNEIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): AN APPLICATION OF PARAMETER ESTIMATES IN SIMULATION
Authors: Christensen Jerrel B. , Gutierrez Andrew P. , Cothran Warren R. , Summers Charles G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe spatial distribution of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil larvae using Iwao’s index of dispersion was examined in a California alfalfa field. The changing dispersion patterns with time were found to be influenced by both density induced competition for food and varying spatial distribution of host plants. values characteristic for both years quickly stabilized. This made possible a method for estimating leaf consumption rates by larval populations with an aggregated distribution, k being derived from . Field sampling decision rules were also determined.
LOW WINTER TEMPERATURES AND THE POTENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EGG PARASITE ANASTATUS DISPARIS (HYMENOPTERA: EUPELMIDAE) IN ONTARIO POPULATIONS OF THE GYPSY MOTH
Authors: Sullivan C. R. , Griffiths K. J. , Wallace D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe overwintering mature larva of the parasite Anastatus disparis Ruschka within the intact gypsy moth, Lymantria (= Porthetria) dispar L., egg chorion is susceptible to freezing and has a mean supercooling point of −28.8±0.14°C. This level of cold hardiness is not increased by exposure to sublethal low temperatures. Over 85% of larvae survived 10 months at 0°C and 4 days at −12° or −18°C, both followed by an additional 2–3 months at 0°C, but over half of the survivors went into prolonged diapause which was not fulfilled by subsequent rearing at room temperature. The parasite is apparently capable of surviving winter conditions over the same geographic area in Canada as the gypsy moth, and the introduction of A. disparts into locations in Canada where gypsy moth is now present is recommended.
THE LIFE HISTORY OFGERRIS REMIGIS(HETEROPTERA: GERRIDAE) IN A SMALL STREAM IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Galbraith D. F. , Fernando C. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNymphs and adults ofGerris remigisSay were collected for 7 months from a stream with only this species of Gerridae. The colour markings of the nymphal stadia are described and illustrated. Measurements of antennal and hind limb segments are given and these can be used to distinguish successive instars.
ÉTUDE DU COMPLEXE HÉMOCYTAIRE POSTEMBRYONNAIRE DE LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Boiteau G. , Perron J.-M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHemocytes of Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.) were examined as suspended cells or as slides from a culot. Five types of hemocytes were identified: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular hemocytes, spherule cells, and oenocytoids. The low numbers of prohemocytes and oenocytoids, the significant decrease in the number of plasmatocytes in last larval stages, and the corresponding increase in granular and spherule cells have been compared with existent literature. Total hemocyte counts were also made.
CONTROL OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA, IN SHIPMENTS OF HARVESTED POTATOES
Authors: Bond E. J. , Svec H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults and pupae of the Colorado potato beetle were controlled by treatment with methyl bromide at levels that did not injure new potatoes at 25°C. At lower temperatures the tolerance of the new potatoes was slightly reduced. A dosage schedule that will control adults and pupae without injury to the potatoes is given.
RESPONSE OF EASTERN LARCH BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN ALASKA TO ITS NATURAL ATTRACTANT AND TO DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE PHEROMONES
Authors: Baker Bruce H. , Hostetler Bruce B. , Furniss Malcolm M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn tests conducted in the McKinley River drainage, Alaska, seudenol combined with α-pinene attracted the most eastern larch beetles, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte. The next most attractive treatments included tamarack log sections infested with either unmated female D. simplex or unmated female Douglas-fir beetles, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, Neither frontalin nor trans- verbenol with α-pinene was attractive. Addition of niethylcyclohexenone (MCH) to the seudenol + α-pinene treatment repressed its attraction by 83%. Sex ratios of simplex responding to logs infested with female simplex or pseudotsugae were equal or favored females, but favored males in the case of seudenol + α-pinene. Addition of MCH shifted the sex ratio in favor of females. Two other scolytid species, Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) and Ips perturbatus (Eichhoff), were trapped, but were too few to relate to treatments. Two species of clerids were caught on traps: Thanasimus undatulus Say and Thanasimus dubius (L.); the latter is a new Alaskan record.
SOME CANADIAN POPLAR APHID GALLS
Authors: Alleyne E. H. , Morrison F. O. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTen galls and pseudogalls caused by poplar gall aphids are described, their development discussed, and a key to their identification presented. Nine of these malformations are from Quebec poplars and one from Crystal Springs on Pigeon Lake, Alberta. All of the aphids involved belong to the family Eriosomatidae and sub-family Pemphiginae. Seven species are members of the genus Pemphigus Hartig, and of these P. bursarius (L.) and P. populitransversus Riley are well recognized economic vegetable pests in the United States. A monoecious species P. spirothecae Passerini is reported for the first time in North America. P. monophagus Maxson was collected from balsam poplars in Alberta. Other genera represented are Thecabius Koch (two species) and Asiphum Koch (one species).
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND LIPID CONTENT OF LATE LARVAL AND PUPAL STAGES OF THE EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER, LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Dunphy Gary B. , Keough Kevin M. W. , Nolan Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA total of 14 known fatty acids and one unknown fatty acid were detected in the third instar, fourth instar, prepupa, and female and male pupae of the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria. The C8:0,3 C10:0, C22:1, and C24:0 fatty acids and an unknown fatty acid were not detected in the third instar larvae, and the unknown was also absent from the fourth instar larvae. The C24:0 fatty acid was absent from the prepupae and both the male and female pupae. The C22:1 fatty acid was absent from the prepupae. Otherwise, developmental stages contained the C8:0, C10:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3,C20:0, C20:1, C22:0, C22:1, and the C24:0 fatty acids and the unknown fatty acid. In general, the level of a given fatty acid decreased with succeeding developmental stages. The lipid level was also determined for each developmental stage.
SEX ATTRACTANT FOR CLOVER CUTWORM, SCOTOGRAMMA TRIFOLII: FIELD TESTS WITH VARIOUS RATIOS OF Z-11-HEXADECEN-1-YL ACETATE AND Z-11-HEXADECEN-1-OL, AND WITH VARIOUS QUANTITIES OF ATTRACTANT ON TWO TYPES OF CARRIERS
Authors: Struble D. L. , Swailes G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCatches of male clover cutworm moths with Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate containing 10.8 to 25.0% Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol decreased linearly as the percentage of alcohol increased. The largest catches were with the acetate containing 10.8% alcohol, and at a concentration of 5 mg/rubber carrier. This bait was effective in the field for at least 4 weeks Catches of moths with the attractant on polyethylene carriers were independent of the attractant concentrations, and were significantly less (P < 0.01) than with the same attractant concentrations on rubber carriers.
EFFICIENCY OF BERLESE-TULLGREN FUNNELS FOR REMOVAL OF THE RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE, CRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS, FROM WHEAT SAMPLES
Authors: Smith L. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe efficiency of Berlese-Tullgren funnels in removing the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), from wheat samples was tested by adding adults and larvae to wheat samples. The recovery of adults from 300 g samples was 79% at 12.3% moisture content (m.c.) and 49% at 16% m.c.; from 150 g samples the recovery was 84% at 16% m.c. The number of adults recovered represented at least 98% of those that did not escape from the top of the samples. The number that escaped varied with sample size and moisture content. The recovery of fourth instar larvae was 78% from samples of 300 g at 16% m.c. The percentage of first and second instar larvae recovered was 5.8 when larvae alone were mixed with the wheat sample and left for 65 h, 10.6 when larvae in flour were added to the surface of the wheat sample, and 27.9 when larvae in flour were added to the centre of the wheat sample.
NEW SYNONYMY, NEW COMBINATIONS, AND NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN PITYOPHTHORUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE). I
Authors: Bright Donald E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNew synonymies and new combinations affecting North American Pityophthorus are proposed as follows: Pityophthorus Eichhoff (= Myeloborus Blackman and Ctenyophthorus Schedl) n. syn.; Araptus obsoletus (Blandford) n. comb.; A. poricollis (Blandford) n. comb.; Gnatholeptus epistomalis (Schedl) n. comb.; G. semiermis (Nunberg) n. comb.; G. shannoni (Blackman) n. comb. (= Pityophthorus gentilis Schedl); G. subscribratus (Schedl) n. comb. (= Pityophthorus zeteki Blackman); Pityophthorus absonus Blackman (= demissus Blackman and inyoensis Bright); P. blandus Blackman (= singularis Bright); P. carinulatus Swaine (= aquilus Blackman, caelator Blackman and opimus Blackman); P. comosus Blackman (=foratus Wood); P. digestus Le Conte (= idoneus Blackman, hopkinsi Blackman and ponderosae Blackman); P. diglyphus Blandford (= leiophyllae Blackman and auctor Blackman); P. guatemalensis Blandford (= quercinus Wood); P. infulatus Blackman (= mollis Blackman and hubbardi Blackman); P. intextus Swaine (= shepardi Blackman, cascoensis Blackman, tonsus Blackman, kenti Blackman, and pilifer Schedl); P. nitidus Swaine (= borealis Swaine, anceps Blackman, alpinensis Hopping and aquilonius Bright); P. nocturnus Schedl (= hidalgoensis Blackman); P. opaculus Le Conte (= abietis Blackman, albertensis Blackman and exiguus Blackman); P. rhois Swaine (= natalis Blackman); P. solus Blackman (= cribratus Blackman); P. toralis Wood (= collinus Bright); P. venustus Blackman (= artifex Blackman); P. virilis Blackman (= fortis Blackman). New species are: P. aciculatus (Guatemala, Mexico), apachae (Arizona), aztecus (Mexico), blackmani (Mexico), chiapensis (Mexico), clivus (Mexico), cortezi (Mexico), culminicolae (Mexico), declivisetosus (Mexico), lecontei (Arizona, New Mexico), lepidus (Mexico), montivagus (Mexico), mormon (Utah), separatus (South Carolina), sulcatus (Arizona), viminalis (Mexico), and woodi (New Mexico).
NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE RED-BACKED SAWFLY, ERIOCAMPA OVATA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Mackay Patricia A. , Wellington W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTechniques for successfully rearing an alder sawfly, Eriocampa ovata (L.), are reported, along with measurements of several developmental and reproductive characteristics, and observations on the insect’s behavior and ecology. Individuals with 7 instars, and those which ultimately diapause, had longer larval stages than individuals with only 6 instars, or those which were diapause-free. There was more diapause in low than in high humidities.As the summer progressed, the length of the larval stage decreased in laboratory-reared individuals, but the length of the cocoon stage of the same individuals increased. Total leaf consumption per individual varied with rearing density, being greatest in groups of 10 larvae per leaf.
A NEW SPECIES OF MIDEOPSIS (NUDOMIDEOPSIS) (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: MIDEOPSIDAE) FROM NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale and female adults of Mideopsis (Nudomideopsis) magnacetabula n. sp. are described. This is the first species of this subgenus described from the New World, and knowledge of the new species necessitates modification of the subgeneric concept.
THE WORLD RHYPAROCHROMINAE (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE): XVI. THE STATUS OF TETHALLOTRUM SCUDDER AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ALLOCENTRUM BERGROTH FROM MADAGASCAR
Authors: Scudder G. G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper resurrects the genus Tethallotrum Scudder 1962 from synonymy and compares it with Allocentrum Bergroth 1894. A new species Allocentrum impunctatum is described from Madagascar.