bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to practice social responsibility in small business: challenges and conflicts
Authors: Fenwick Tara 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address issues of practicing social responsibility (SR) in small business, where SR implementation challenges are unique. The discussion examines the difficulties encountered by small business owners adopting SR practices, and the various strategies they learned in the process.Design/methodology/approachA total of 23 small business owner‐managers located in Western Canada were interviewed in‐depth, individually, and in groups. Group interviews were useful for validating and extending the themes and contradictions that arose in individual interviews, particularly in identifying the most common SR challenges and frustrations, and to compare individuals' learning patterns and diverse strategies of response.FindingsThe paper findings show that owners learned SR by working through three main areas of challenge within everyday sociomaterial practices: positioning SR commitments and affiliations; balancing diverse stakeholders with SR ideals and costs; and negotiating value conflicts within SR practice, as part of “becoming” a particular enterprise of SR engagement.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that SR may be most fruitfully studied by examining the traces of the networks, linkages, and boundaries formulated through everyday interactions, focusing not just on the social networks and information exchange among humans, but more deeply on the sociomaterial networks within which new practices such as SR emerge. Second, the paper underscores the importance of conceptualizing SR “learning” more in terms of practices that emerge through challenge and conflict than in acquisition and application of new knowledge and attitudes.
SGT1 positively regulates the process of plant cell death during both compatible and incompatible plant–pathogen interactions
Authors: WANG KERI , UPPALAPATI SRINIVASA RAO , ZHU XIAOHONG , DINESH‐KUMAR SAVITHRAMMA P. , MYSORE KIRANKUMAR S. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYSGT1 (suppressor of G2 allele of Skp1), an interactor of SCF (Skp1‐Cullin‐F‐box) ubiquitin ligase complexes that mediate protein degradation, plays an important role at both G1–S and G2–M cell cycle transitions in yeast, and is highly conserved throughout eukaryotes. Plant SGT1 is required for both resistance (R) gene‐mediated disease resistance and nonhost resistance to certain pathogens. Using virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) in Nicotiana benthamiana, we demonstrate that SGT1 positively regulates the process of cell death during both host and nonhost interactions with various pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae. Silencing of NbSGT1 in N. benthamiana plants delays the induction of hypersensitive response (HR)‐mediated cell death against nonhost pathogens and the development of disease‐associated cell death caused by the host pathogen P. syringae pv. tabaci. Our results further demonstrate that NbSGT1 is required for Erwinia carotovora‐ and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum‐induced disease‐associated cell death. Overexpression of NbSGT1 in N. benthamiana accelerates the development of HR during R gene‐mediated disease resistance and nonhost resistance. Our data also indicate that SGT1 is required for pathogen‐induced cell death, but is not always necessary for the restriction of bacterial multiplication in planta. Therefore, we conclude that SGT1 is an essential component affecting the process of cell death during both compatible and incompatible plant–pathogen interactions.
Interannual variation in summer habitat utilization by juvenile southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) in southern Western Australia
Authors: FUJIOKA KO , HOBDAY ALISTAIR J. , KAWABE RYO , MIYASHITA KAZUSHI , HONDA KENTARO , ITOH TOMOYUKI , TAKAO YOSHIMI 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe spatial habitat utilization of juvenile southern bluefin tuna in southern Western Australia was investigated using automated acoustic receivers with acoustic transmitters implanted in tagged fish during three austral summers (2004/2005, N = 79 fish, 2005/2006, N = 81, 2006/2007, N = 84). Seventy acoustic receivers were deployed at three cross‐shelf lines and three coastal topographic features (lumps) between December and May. We observed markedly different patterns of habitat utilization between the three seasons: (i) aggregation at lumps in 2004/2005 and 2006/2007, and (ii) wide distribution over the continental shelf (i.e., few occurring at lumps) in 2005/2006. Vertical profile by conductivity‐temperature‐depth casts showed these spatial shifts were caused by interannual changes in the presence of sub‐Antarctic water. The sub‐Antarctic water was present in the subsurface layer close to the continental slope only during 2005/2006, and the area had higher chlorophyll‐a concentrations than the coastal areas, including at the lumps. These environmental characters, related to the nutrient rich sub‐Antarctic water, appear to have a strong influence on fish distributions in 2005/2006, and may occur generally during La Niña events. Interannual fluctuations in habitat utilization will influence detection of fish in recruitment monitoring surveys and thus bias the resulting juvenile abundance indices.
Human and animal isolates of Pseudallescheria boydii and Scedosporium species, from Melbourne, Australia, 1977–1995
Authors: Maslen Mary , Peel Margaret 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFrom 1977 to 1995, 25 of the fungal cultures referred to the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory at The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia were identified as Scedosporium apiospermum, Pseudallescheria boydii, or Scedosporium prolificans. These cultures had been isolated from 22 patients at metropolitan hospitals and three animals at Veterinary Institutes. Eight of the human isolates were identified as P. boydii, 11 as S. apiospermum and three as S. prolificans. Isolates of S. apiospermum and P. boydii were from localised infections in immunocompetent patients, after trauma in two cases; from the lungs of patients with predisposing pulmonary disorders, such as cystic fibrosis or mycobacterial infection; and from immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies or after heart, lung or heart/lung transplantation. Scedosporium prolificans isolates were from immunocompromised patients, one of whom had received a heart transplant, another had HIV infection and the third suffered with acute myelogenous leukaemia and died with disseminated infection. An isolate from the vaginal discharge of a horse with an infected uterus was identified as S. apiospermum. Isolates from aseptically collected milk samples from a goat and a cow with histories of mastitis, were identified as P. boydii. This study records the spectrum of infections caused by these opportunistic fungal pathogens in Melbourne from 1977 to 1995.
Validity of self‐reported smoking in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Takeuchi Takeaki , Nakao Mutsuhiro , Shinozaki Yasuko , Yano Eiji 
Published: May 2010

Aims:  It is important to evaluate smoking status among schizophrenia patients because such patients are highly inclined to take up smoking, but only a few studies have focused on the validity of self‐reported smoking in relation to schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine the validity of self‐reported smoking and to investigate whether self‐reported smoking is biased in schizophrenia patients.Methods:  A total of 158 schizophrenia patients answered self‐rated questions of smoking status, and the level of carbon monoxide (CO) in expired air was measured. The relationship of the self‐reported smoking to the CO levels was determined, and interaction of the disease duration and education level on this relationship was evaluated using correlation and receiver operating characteristic analyses.Results:  The CO levels in the expired air were found to be positively related to the self‐reported data (P < 0.01). The stratified data on the duration of schizophrenia indicated that the positive relationship between self‐reported smoking and the CO concentration became less obvious with the increase in duration of schizophrenia (Ptrend < 0.01). In contrast, the stratified data on education level did not indicate any such significant modifying effect.Conclusions:  Although self‐reporting is useful for evaluating smoking status, psychiatrists should use objective methods of measurement to assess the smoking status of chronic schizophrenia patients.
Frontal hypoperfusion in depressed patients with dementia of Alzheimer type demonstrated on 3DSRT
Authors: Kataoka Kouhei , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Kawabe Joji , Higashiyama Shigeaki , Akiyama Hisanori , Shimada Aiko , Kai Toshihiro , Inoue Koki , Shiomi Susumu , Kiriike Nobuo 
Published: May 2010

Aims:  Depressive symptoms are common in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and contribute to clinical morbidity. Previous studies have suggested that hypoperfusion in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus are involved in the pathophysiology of depression in DAT. Using 3‐D stereotactic region of interest (ROI) template (3DSRT), fully automated ROI analysis software, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in DAT.Methods:  Technetium‐99m‐ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc‐ECD) single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Japanese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were carried out in 35 patients diagnosed as having mild–moderate DAT according to DSM‐IV. These patients were divided into the depressive group (D group: n = 17) and non‐depressive group (ND group: n = 18) using the NPI depression items. All data from SPECT images were analyzed using 3DSRT software. On 3DSRT the perfusion ratios (rCBF of bilateral callosomarginal, precentral, central, parietal, angular, temporal, posterior cerebral, pericallosal, lenticular nucleus, thalamus and hippocampus/cerebellar hemisphere) of each segment were compared between the D group and the ND group.Results:  The perfusion ratios of the left callosomarginal segment for the D group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of the ND group.Conclusions:  Hypoperfusion in the left frontal cortex contributes to the expression of depressive symptoms in patients with DAT.
Pupal release of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in the sterile insect technique: seasonal variation in eclosion and flight
Authors: Reynolds Olivia L , Dominiak Bernie C , Orchard Beverley A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), is the most significant pest of edible fruit in Australia. For the control of B. tryoni using sterile insect technique (SIT), either pupae or adults may be released. Using pupal release, this study tested the seasonal effect of different pupal loadings on eclosion and the flight of sterile B. tryoni. Pupal eclosion boxes were loaded with either 200, 350, 500, 650 or 800 g of pupae during five periods of the fruit fly season (August, October, December, February and April). Adult flies were allowed to emerge and the remaining pupal debris was sampled to determine the per cent emergence and per cent fliers. The duration of emergence, dye retention on the ptilinum of the flies, and temperature and relative humidity externally and internally of the eclosion boxes were recorded. The percentage of emergence was influenced by both pupal loading and the period of release. Overall, the percentage of emergence was lower for loadings of 200 and 350 g of pupae in August, October and April as compared with the 500 g or higher loadings. This difference was not apparent in December or February. The mean percentage of emergence for each pupal loading in December, February and April was well above 65%, the minimum required emergence parameter for successful sterile B. tryoni release. Across all pupal loadings, the percentage of fliers was greater than 99.3% in December, 87.8% in February and 80.8% in April. A high percentage of fliers (>92.7%) was recorded in October, but the percentage of emergence in August and October was below 65% for all pupal loadings; thus pupal release is a suboptimal SIT method during this period of time. Dye on the ptilinum was detected on every fruit fly sampled across all pupal loadings and release periods. Minimum temperature for optimal pupal emergence should not fall below 10°C, and the maximum should not exceed 35°C. Minimum temperature for successful flight should not fall below approximately 6°C while the maximum temperature should exceed 16°C. The described pupal release system is considered a possible option for use as part of an SIT program against B. tryoni under suitable environmental conditions in Australia.
Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) of importance to the Australian macadamia industry: an integrative taxonomic approach to species diagnostics
Authors: Mitchell Andrew , Maddox Craig 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBark beetles are emerging as pests of macadamias, both in the native range of macadamias in Australia and worldwide wherever macadamias are cultivated. Multiple species have been detected on macadamias in Australia; however, little has been known about the identity of the species involved, other than that some belong to the genera Hypothenemus Westwood (1836) and Cryphalus Erichson (1836). Hypothenemus is a large and cosmopolitan genus, which contains two exotic species that are regulated pests for Australia: the tropical nut borer, Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius), is a pest of macadamias and Brazil nuts in the Americas and the Pacific, and the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is a pest of coffee found in coffee‐growing areas worldwide, but not in Australia. It is essential that biosecurity authorities have reliable species diagnostic tools available in order to detect incursions of these species in Australia. However, the taxonomic literature on the relevant species is scattered and sparse, and the lack of molecular diagnostic methods means that identification of eggs and larvae has been impossible to date because the immature life stages are morphologically homogeneous. This study fills some crucial gaps in our ability to identify these species, developing diagnostic methods for the major pest species on macadamia in Australia, and for key exotic species, including both regulated pests. An integrative taxonomic approach was used incorporating both traditional morphological taxonomy and DNA barcode data in an iterative process to both identify beetles and develop robust diagnostics for them. DNA barcodes provide unambiguous discrimination of all species examined in this study, albeit a limited sample, and have the advantage that they can be used to identify all life stages of the species.
The taxonomy of Ogyris halmaturia (Tepper, 1890) stat. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Grund Roger 
Published: May 2010

Abstract Ogyris halmaturia (Tepper, 1890) was unwittingly founded on two different taxons, comprising the O. halmaturia and also O. otanes (C. & R. Felder, 1865). For the past 116 years, O. halmaturia has been treated primarily either as a geographical subspecies or as a synonym of Ogyris idmo (Hewitson, 1862). Recently in 2008, it was proposed to synonymise O. halmaturia with O. otanes, and Ogyris waterhouseri (Bethune‐Baker, 1905) was elevated as the replacement name for O. halmaturia. In this paper the taxonomic status of O. halmaturia is reviewed and it is considered to be valid, while O. waterhouseri is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of O. halmaturia. Comparisons of adult and juvenile morphologies for allied species, and of DNA attributes indicate O. halmaturia is specifically distinct. The common name Eastern Large Bronze Azure is proposed for O. halmaturia.
Added vegetable and fish oils to low‐fat pollen diets: effect on honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) consumption
Authors: Manning Rob , Speijers Jane , Harvey Maeve , Black John 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLittle is known about which commercial oils could be used as an ingredient in improving artificial feedstuffs for honey bees. To test whether the oils are palatable or whether honey bees showed a preference, they were added to a low‐fat pollen known to be attractive to bees. Oils were added at 2% above the known oil content of the pollen to a level about half that of a range of melliferous plants. Of 27 different plant and fish‐based oils, only linseed and coconut oil‐enhanced pollen diets were consumed by bees at a significantly greater rate (P < 0.05) than pollen itself. Other oils added to pollen that had higher but not significantly different consumption rates by bees to pollen in palatability tests were (highest to lowest): evening primrose, almond, grape seed, apricot, olive, blended vegetable, orange essential oil (EO), linoleic acid, soyabean, avocado, mustard seed, cod liver, sesame and canola. Other oils found unpalatable and discarded from further testing were: gingelly, castor, peanut, rose EO, oleic acid, fish, sunflower, macadamia, rice bran, clary sage EO and lavender EO. At 2%, two of the four essential oils tested were found to be significantly unpalatable and not preferred by bees. The concentration of lavender and clary sage in a pollen diet was perhaps too high. Using alcohol via the addition of 2% rum to enhance volatiles from the pollen diet effectively increased consumption of pollen diets by honey bees. Using both palatability and preference testing methodologies to determine the attractiveness of diets to bees gave the same result. Either test will give the researcher a way of determining the food value of ingredients in diets or full diets.
Australasian Stictocladius Edwards (Diptera: Chironomidae) diagnosed and described
Authors: Cranston Peter S , Sæther Ole A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe first formal generic diagnosis for the immature stages and females, and a more complete diagnosis of the males of Stictocladius, based on extensive material from the southern continents, are provided. Associated immature stages are described in detail for the previously described Australasian species, Stictocladius lacuniferus (Freeman), New Zealand; S. pictus (Freeman), New Zealand; S. multiserialis (Freeman), Australia; S. uniserialis (Freeman), Australia; S. victoriae (Freeman), Australia. Divergent species Stictocladius sofour sp. n. from eastern Australia and Stictocladius occidentalis sp. n. from western Australia are described. The further existence of undescribed additional diversity, notably from tropical Australia and the Neotropics, is noted: the morphology of these specimens is incorporated in the generic diagnoses. Stictocladius is compared with putatively related Diplocladius Kieffer and Heleniella Gowin, and the very likely sister group, Lopescladius Oliviera.
Labour Policy and Determinants of Employment and Wages in a Developing Economy with Labour Shortage
Authors: Abdalla Ibrahim Mohamed , Al‐Waqfi Mohammed A. , Harb Nasri , Hijazi Rafiq H. , Zoubeidi Taoufik 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUsing data from a sample of 1,099 workers, this paper investigates the determinants of employment and wages for workers in the United Arab Emirates. The paper further examines the wage distribution and the decomposition of the wage gap between the public and the private sectors. Results of the study are consistent with the dual labour market theory and indicate that the labour market in the United Arab Emirates is segmented based on sectors (public versus private) and types of workers (nationals versus non‐nationals). The study concludes with a discussion of the implication of these findings for the effectiveness of labour and economic policy.
The Role of Career Choice in Understanding Job Mobility
Authors: Pavan Ronni 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a simple model that explains how the likelihood of job changes and their complexity changes over a worker's career, and the empirical work presented here uses the life cycle patterns of mobility and their complexity to infer the relative importance of firm‐specific versus career‐specific concerns as determinants of mobility decisions. The estimates of the model indicate that the contemporaneous presence of two quality matches, one career‐specific and one firm‐specific, is necessary to understand the patterns of the data. The model also predicts that the welfare losses implied by a disappearance of a career can be on average twice as large as the losses implied by a plant closure.
Personality and Labour Market Income: Evidence from Longitudinal Data
Authors: Viinikainen Jutta , Kokko Katja , Pulkkinen Lea , Pehkonen Jaakko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study contributes to the literature on how personality is rewarded in the labour market by examining the relationship between personality and labour market income. Our results suggest that adulthood extraversion is positively associated with income when education, work experience, and unemployment history, measured prospectively from longitudinal data, are controlled for. In addition, childhood constructiveness indicating active and well‐controlled behaviour has a positive association with income in adulthood.
Temporary/Permanent Workers' Wage Gap: A Brand‐new Form of Wage Inequality?
Authors: Elia Leandro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBy easing restrictions on the use of short‐term contracts, the 30/2003 act represents contemporaneously the more extensive and the more radical policy aimed at introducing flexibility in the Italian labour market. By virtue of a difference‐in‐differences estimator, the paper provides an estimate of the impact of the 30/2003 reform on the wage gap across fixed‐term and long‐term employees. It will be given evidence that the policy has widened the wage differentials and the effect is particularly stronger to skilled workers compared with unskilled workers. These findings would suggest the existence of a possible brand‐new form of wage inequality.
Dropping the Books and Working Off the Books
Authors: Cappariello Rita , Zizza Roberta 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe paper empirically tests the relationship between underground labour and schooling achievement for Italy, a country ranking badly in both respects when compared with other high‐income economies, with a marked duality between North and South. In order to identify underground workers, we exploit the information on individuals' social security positions available from the Bank of Italy's Survey on Household Income and Wealth. After controlling for a wide range of sociodemographic and economic variables and addressing potential endogeneity and selection issues, we show that a low level of education sizeably and significantly increases the probability of working underground. Switching from completing compulsory school to graduating at college more than halves this probability for both men and women. The gain is slightly higher for individuals completing the compulsory track with respect to those having no formal education at all. The different probabilities found for self‐employed and dependent workers support the view of a dual informal sector, in which necessity and desirability coexist.