bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale‐up of mouse embryonic stem cell expansion in stirred bioreactors
Authors: Fernandes‐Platzgummer Ana , Diogo Maria M. , Baptista Ricardo P. , Silva Cláudia Lobato da , Cabral Joaquim M.S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a robust, quality controlled and reproducible large‐scale culture system using serum‐free (SF) medium to obtain vast numbers of embryonic stem (ES) cells as a starting source for potential applications in tissue regeneration, as well as for drug screening studies. Mouse ES (mES) cells were firstly cultured on microcarriers in spinner flasks to investigate the effect of different parameters such as the agitation rate and the feeding regimen. Cells were successfully expanded at agitation rates up to 60 rpm using the SF medium and no significant differences in terms of growth kinetics or metabolic profiles were found between the two feeding regimens evaluated: 50% medium renewal every 24 h or 25% every 12 h. Overall, cells reached maximum concentrations of (4.2 ± 0.4) and (5.6 ± 0.8) ×106 cells/mL at Day 8 for cells fed once or twice per day; which corresponds to an increase in total cell number of 85 ± 7 and 108 ± 16, respectively. To have a more precise control over culture conditions and to yield a higher number of cells, the scale‐up of the spinner flask culture system was successfully accomplished by using a fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor. In this case, the concentration of mES cells cultured on microcarriers increased 85 ± 15‐fold over 11 days. Importantly, mES cells expanded under stirred conditions, in both spinner flask and fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor, using SF medium, retained the expression of pluripotency markers such as Oct‐4, Nanog, and SSEA‐1 and their differentiation potential into cells of the three embryonic germ layers. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog.,, 2011
Click‐Dendronized Poly(amide–triazole)s—Effect of Dendron Size and Polymer Backbone Symmetry on Self‐Assembling and Gelation Properties
Authors: Chow Hak‐Fun , Lau Kwun‐Ngai , Chan Man‐Chor 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNine dendronized poly(amide–triazole)s 2‐Gm Gn (m=1–3, n=1–3), were prepared by the 1:1 copolymerization between AA‐type dendritic diazides 4‐Gm (m=1–3) and BB‐type dendritic diacetylenes 5‐Gn (n=1–3) under the copper(I)‐mediated click coupling conditions. The degree of polymerization value of the polymers was found to range from 15–50, and decreased with increasing size of the dendron, suggesting steric hindrance had a retardation role on the copolymerization efficiency. Based on FT‐IR and 1H NMR studies, it was found that significantly strong, interchain hydrogen bonding between the amide units was present in the solution state after copolymerization, whereas the monomers 4‐Gm and 5‐Gn were devoid of any intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction. Hence a positive allosteric hydrogen‐bonding effect was observed after polymerization, and could be rationalized by the zip effect. The strength of the interchain association in polymers 2‐Gm Gn was found to decrease with increasing size of the dendron (i.e., 2‐G1 G1>2‐G1 G2>2‐G2 G1≈2‐G2 G2>2‐G1 G3≈2‐G3 G1>2‐G2 G3≈2‐G3 G2>2‐G3 G3). Among the nine polymers, only 2‐G1 G2 and 2‐G2 G1 were good organogelators for aromatic solvents, while the 2‐G2 G2 polymer, bearing the closest structural resemblance to the previously reported organogelator 1‐G2 prepared from the polymerization of AB‐type monomers, was devoid of gelating power. Careful analysis of structures of the present polymer series 2‐Gm Gn and the previously reported series 1‐Gn suggested that the polymer backbone symmetry played a subtle role in controlling their self‐assembling and gelating properties.
Retraction: Evaluation of Co‐Digestion at a Commercial Dairy Anaerobic Digester
Authors: Frear Craig , Liao Wei , Ewing Tim , Chen Shulin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe above article published online on 16 June 2011 in Wiley Online Library (http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com), and in Volume 39, pp. 697‐704, has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Prisca Henheik, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA.The retraction has been agreed following an investigation carried out by Washington State University (WSU) which determined that research misconduct had occurred with respect to fabricating experimental data and falsifying data that formed the basis of a section of this article on the part of the corresponding author. Furthermore, WSU determined that the corresponding author did not declare an existing commercial conflict of interest when submitting the paper to the peer‐&#x2010;reviewed journal CLEAN ‐ Soil, Air, Water.
Cytomorphologic features of advanced lung adenocarcinomas tested for EGFR and KRAS mutations: A retrospective review of 50 cases
Authors: Marotti Jonathan D. , Schwab Mary C. , McNulty Nancy J. , Rigas James R. , DeLong Peter A. , Memoli Vincent A. , Tsongalis Gregory J. , Padmanabhan Vijayalakshmi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAssociations between bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), mucinous differentiation, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS mutations have been previously reported in studies of surgical specimens. We present the cytomorphology of lung adenocarcinomas, including metastases that were diagnosed by cytologic methods and the relationship to both EGFR and KRAS mutational status. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and cytomorphologic features of 50 lung adenocarcinomas that were tested for both EGFR and KRAS mutations. Cytomorphologic features evaluated included cell size, architectural pattern, nucleoli, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (INCI), mucin, necrosis, squamoid features, lymphocytic response, and histologic features of BAC differentiation. DNA was extracted from a paraffin‐embedded cell block or frozen needle core fragments. Exon 19 deletions and the L858R mutation in exon 21 of EGFR were detected using PCR followed by capillary electrophoresis for fragment sizing. KRAS mutational analysis was performed by real‐time PCR using a set of seven different Taqman(r) allelic discrimination assays to detect six mutations in codon 12 and one mutation in codon 13. Six cases (12%) showed EGFR mutations, 12 (24%) showed KRAS mutations, and 38 (62%) contained neither EGFR nor KRAS mutations. The majority of patients had stage IV disease (78%); 20 samples (40%) were from metastatic sites. The presence of prominent INCI (P = 0.036), papillary fragments (P = 0.041), and histologic features of BAC on paraffin block (P = 0.039) correlated with the presence of EGFR mutations. The presence of necrosis (P = 0.030), squamoid features (P = 0.048), and poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.025) were more likely to be identified in the KRAS positive group. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early oogenesis in the short‐tailed fruit bat Carollia perspicillata: Transient germ cell cysts and noncanonical intercellular bridges
Authors: Lechowska Agnieszka , Bilinski Szczepan M. , Rasweiler John J. , Cretekos Chris J. , Behringer Richard R. , Kloc Malgorzata 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe ovaries of early embryos (40 days post coitum/p.c.) of the bat Carollia perspicillata contain numerous germ‐line cysts, which are composed of 10 to 12 sister germ cells (cystocytes). Variability in the number of cystocytes within the cyst and between the cysts (defying the Giardina rule) indicates that the mitotic divisions of the cystoblast are asynchronous in this bat species. Serial section analysis showed that the cystocytes are interconnected via intercellular bridges that are atypical, strongly elongated, short‐lived, and rich in microtubule bundles and microfilaments. During slightly later stages of embryonic development (44–46 days p.c.), somatic cells penetrate the cyst, and their cytoplasmic projections separate individual oocytes. Separated oocytes surrounded by a single layer of somatic cells constitute the primordial ovarian follicles. The oocytes of C. perspicillata are similar to mouse oocytes and are asymmetric. In both species, this asymmetry is clearly recognizable in the localization of the Golgi complexes. The presence of germ‐line cysts and intercellular bridges (although noncanonical) in the fetal ovaries of C. perspicillata suggest that the formation of germ‐line cysts is an evolutionarily conserved phase in the development of the female gametes in a substantial part of the animal kingdom. Genesis 50:18‐27, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxygen‐Deficient R2MoO6–δ (R = Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) with Fluorite Structure as Potential Anodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Aguadero A. , Martínez‐Lope M. J. , Pomjakushin V. , Alonso J. A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe members of the family of oxygen‐defective fluorites R2MoO6–δ (R = Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) have been synthesized under reducing conditions and characterized in order to evaluate their potential use as anodes in intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs). A neutron powder diffraction (NPD) investigation demonstrates that they are all cubic, in the Fm$\bar {3}$m space group, exhibiting a random distribution of R and Mo cations over the metal sites of the fluorite structure with crystallographic formulaMO2–δ/3 (M = R2/3Mo1/3), Z = 4. These materials are highly oxygen‐deficient fluorites with oxygen stoichiometries ranging from 5.2(1) (R = Y, Tm) to 4.8(1) (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) oxygen atoms per formula unit, accompanied by high values of the displacement parameters at room temperature (ca. 5 Å2), which suggests a high mobility of the oxygen atoms. An in situ NPD study of the thermal evolution of the crystal structure for Ho2MoO6–δ confirms the absence of phase transitions and a high oxygen‐vacancy concentration and mobility [B(O) = 6.7(1) Å2] in the network under the usual working conditions of an anode in a SOFC (PO2 ≈ 10–6 Torr, 500–700 °C). The thermal expansion coefficients of the sintered samples exhibit values around 9 × 10–6 K–1 from 300 to 900 °C under 5 % H2/95 %N2, which perfectly match the thermal expansions of the other components of a SOFC. The maximum conductivity values are displayed for the fluorite containing Tb, ranging from 0.03 (200 °C) to 1.1 (900 °C) S cm–1 with an activation energy of 0.31 eV.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2H‐Chromans by Reductive Deoxygenation of Differently Substituted 2‐Sulfinylmethylchroman‐2‐ols
Authors: Hernández‐Torres Gloria , Carreño M. Carmen , Urbano Antonio , Colobert Françoise 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGood‐to‐excellent diastereoselectivies have been achieved in the synthesis of 2H‐chromans by Et3SiH/TMSOTf reductive deoxygenation of differently substituted 2‐sulfinylmethylchroman‐2‐ols and their methyl ketals. The influence of both electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents on the sulfoxide and on the aromatic dihydobenzopyran core has been studied. SOR1 electron‐donating groups (R1 = pMeOPh and 2‐MeO‐1‐naphthyl) led to a competitive reaction in which the sulfoxide was reduced, thus lowering the yield of the sulfinyl 2H‐chromans. The method allows the presence of different groups on the aromatic dihydrobenzopyran unit. The best results in terms of yield and diastereoselectivity were obtained with 2‐[(p‐tolylsulfinyl)methyl]chroman‐2‐ols. All the results are explained on mechanistic grounds. Synthetic transformations of the enantiopure 2H‐chroman (S,RS)‐21 are reported.
Biocatalyzed Enantioselective Reduction of Activated C=C Bonds: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched α‐Halo‐β‐arylpropionic Acids
Authors: Brenna Elisabetta , Gatti Francesco G. , Manfredi Alessia , Monti Daniela , Parmeggiani Fabio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe enantioselective biocatalyzed reduction of the C=C bond of some (Z)‐methyl α‐halo‐β‐arylacrylates was investigated. The reaction was performed by baker's yeast fermentation and Old Yellow Enzymes 1–3 mediated biotransformations. The final products were, respectively, enantiomerically enriched (S)‐α‐halo‐β‐arylpropionic acids and their methyl esters, and ester hydrolysis was promoted in the whole cell system. High conversions and enantioselectivity values were observed when the aromatic ring was substituted by an electron‐withdrawing group. Further manipulation of two of these enantiomerically enriched (S)‐haloacids afforded p‐substituted D‐phenylalanines.
De Novo Synthesis of Racemic 4‐Deoxy‐4,4‐difluoro‐ and 2,4‐Dideoxy‐2,4,4‐trifluorohexosides
Authors: Giuffredi Guy T. , Bernet Bruno , Gouverneur Véronique 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA range of racemic 4‐deoxy‐4,4‐difluorinated carbohydrates were prepared by using a diversity‐oriented de novo synthesis starting with three commercially available two‐carbon building blocks. A common gem‐difluorinated glycal was prepared in 35 % yield in seven steps, from which five different 4‐deoxy‐4,4‐difluoro‐ and 4‐deoxy‐2,4,4‐trifluorohexopyranosides were accessed using well‐established functional group manipulations.
Enhanced extraction of 3‐demethylated colchicine from fermentation broth of Bacillus megaterium: Optimization of process parameters by statistical experimental design
Authors: Dubey Kashyap K. , Jawed Arshad , Haque Shafiul 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBiotransformation of colchicine into its pharmacologically active regiospecific derivative 3‐demethylated colchicine (3‐DMC) mediated by microbial monooxygenases is an economic and promising strategy for the production of this inexpensive and potent anti‐cancer drug. Response surface methodology (RSM), with central composite design (CCD) model, was employed with three extraction variables (temperature, pH, and process time) for optimization; which most significantly affected recovery of 3‐DMC. The validity of the model was ascertained by running the predicted values in an individual run; and the optimum parameters, temperature (50°C), pH (10), and process time (120 min) resulted in a maximum recovery of 3‐DMC 4128 mg/L when chloroform (1% v/v) was used as an extraction solvent. RSM in our experiments showed to be a good tool for the extraction of 3‐DMC from the fermentation medium.
Role of prophylactic thyroidectomy in RET 790 familial medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Bihan Hélène , Baudin Eric , Meas Taly , Leboulleux Sophie , Al Ghuzlan Abir , Hannoteaux Véronique , Travagli Jean‐Paul , Valleur Patrice , Guillausseau Pierre‐Jean , Cohen Régis ,   for the French Group of Endocrine Tumors (GTE)
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe describe a family harboring RET 790 mutation and review the role of prophylactic thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma.MethodsWe evaluated in detail both clinical and biological follow‐up and reviewed literature reports.ResultsAmong 86 family members, 15 of 22 members screened harbored the 790 mutation. Abnormal calcitonin levels were found in 8/15. Total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection cured the 5 operated patients (range, 45–76 years). Tumor staging was pT1N0M0. Among 10 carriers who did not undergo surgery, 3 patients had abnormal calcitonin levels. For the others, calcitonin levels remained <30 pg/mL. Two asymptomatic carriers were older than 70 years. Four subjects were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsIn RET codon 790 mutations families, a case‐by‐case decision instead of systematic prophylactic thyroidectomy should be discussed. Difficulties of follow‐up should be taken into account and represent the main challenge. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Predictors of relapse in a study of duloxetine treatment for patients with generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Bodkin J. Alexander , Allgulander Christer , Llorca Pierre M. , Spann Melissa E. , Walker Daniel J. , Russell James M. , Ball Susan G. 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveData from a relapse prevention study of duloxetine treatment for adults with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were examined to identify predictors of relapse.MethodsPatients responding to 6 months of open‐label duloxetine treatment were randomized to continuation with duloxetine or withdrawal to placebo for a 6‐month double‐blind continuation phase (duloxetine, N = 216; placebo, N = 213). Post hoc analyses compared time to GAD relapse during continuation phase by using predictor variables that included patient demographics, symptom severity measures (Hamilton Anxiety Scale Scores [HAMA], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), functional outcomes, and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain measures. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using predictor variables from time of randomization into the continuation, withdrawal phase.ResultsSeverity of anxiety symptoms, degree of functional impairment, and severity of pain at time of randomization were significantly predictive of likelihood of relapse during the continuation phase. Multivariate backwards elimination analysis of significant univariate predictors identified HAMA item one (anxious mood) ≥1 and severity of pain while awake (≥30 on VAS) as the strongest predictors of GAD relapse.ConclusionsFor patients with GAD responding to open‐label treatment with duloxetine, residual symptoms related to anxious mood, pain severity, and psychosocial function were associated with increased relapse risk, although the greatest risk was associated with anxious mood and increased severity of pain while awake. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smad6 is essential to limit BMP signaling during cartilage development
Authors: Estrada Kristine D , Retting Kelsey N , Chin Alana M , Lyons Karen M 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways regulate multiple aspects of endochondral bone formation. The importance of extracellular antagonists as regulators of BMP signaling has been defined. In vitro studies reveal that the intracellular regulators, inhibitory Smads 6 and 7, can regulate BMP-mediated effects on chondrocytes. Although in vivo studies in which inhibitory Smads were overexpressed in cartilage have shown that inhibitory Smads have the potential to limit BMP signaling in vivo, the physiological relevance of inhibitory Smad activity in skeletal tissues is unknown. In this study, we have determined the role of Smad6 in endochondral bone formation. Loss of Smad6 in mice leads to defects in both axial and appendicular skeletal development. Specifically, Smad6−/− mice exhibit a posterior transformation of the seventh cervical vertebra, bilateral ossification centers in lumbar vertebrae, and bifid sternebrae due to incomplete sternal band fusion. Histological analysis of appendicular bones revealed delayed onset of hypertrophic differentiation and mineralization at midgestation in Smad6−/− mice. By late gestation, however, an expanded hypertrophic zone, associated with an increased pool of proliferating cells undergoing hypertrophy, was evident in Smad6 mutant growth plates. The mutant phenotype is attributed, at least in part, to increased BMP responsiveness in Smad6-deficient chondrocytes. Overall, our results show that Smad6 is required to limit BMP signaling during endochondral bone formation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Proteolysis of the matricellular protein hevin by matrix metalloproteinase‐3 produces a SPARC‐like fragment (SLF) associated with neovasculature in a murine glioma model
Authors: Weaver Matt , Workman Gail , Schultz Chad R. , Lemke Nancy , Rempel Sandra A. , Sage E. Helene 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe matricellular SPARC‐family member hevin (Sparc‐like 1/SPARCL‐1/SC1/Mast9) contributes to neural development and alters tumor progression in a range of mammalian models. Based on sequence similarity, we hypothesized that proteolytic digestion of hevin would result in SPARC‐like fragments (SLF) that affect the activity and/or location of these proteins. Incubation of hevin with matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3), a protease known to cleave SPARC, produced a limited number of peptides. Sequencing revealed the major proteolytic products to be SPARC‐like in primary structure. In gliomas implanted into murine brain, a SLF was associated with SPARC in the neovasculature but not with hevin, the latter prominent in the astrocytes encompassed by infiltrating tumor. In this model of invasive glioma that involves MMP‐3 activity, host‐derived SLF was not observed in the extracellular matrix adjacent to tumor cells. In contrast, it occurred with its homolog SPARC in the angiogenic response to the tumor. We conclude that MMP‐3‐derived SLF is a marker of neovessels in glioma, where it could influence the activity of SPARC. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3093–3102, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on coupled biological and photochemical treatment of soda pulp bleaching effluents from agro residue based pulp and paper mill
Authors: Dhir Amit , Prakash Nagaraja Tejo , Sud Dhiraj 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The effect of coupled biological and photochemical processes for treatment of bio‐recalcitrant effluents from chlorination (C) and first alkaline extraction (E1) stages of soda pulp bleaching in an agro‐residue based pulp and paper mill has been investigated.RESULTS:The work aims to evaluate the coupled effect on the extent of degradation in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction. Biological treatment of C and E1effluent resulted in 30% and 57% COD, respectively, after 1 day of treatment with acclimatized activated sludge. However, further increase in retention time did not show any significant change in degradation efficiency. Investigations on photocatalytic treatment (at 365 nm and 0.625 W) of C effluent resulted in 47% degradation under optimized conditions (3 g L−1TiO2, pH 6.0 and 0.01 mol L−1NaOCl), and E1effluent showed 37% degradation under optimized conditions (2.5 g L−1, pH 4.0 and 0.03 mol L−1NaOCl) after 6 h of UV irradiation. However, photocatalytic treatment of biotreated (1 day) effluents under similar optimized conditions significantly enhanced the degradation to 81% and 93% in C and E1effluent, respectively, after 2 h irradiation.CONCLUSION:Coupled biological treatment followed by photocatalysis is an effective method for the reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) of the test effluents and it would facilitate closed circuiting of water used for soda bleaching in an agro pulp and paper mill. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Degradation of β‐carotene in amorphous polymer matrices. Effect of water sorption properties and physical state
Authors: Ramoneda Ximena A , Ponce‐Cevallos Peggy A , Buera María del Pilar , Elizalde Beatriz E 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of encapsulation in amorphous matrices of carbohydrate and/or polymer formed during dehydration processes to enhance the stability and retention of labile compounds is increasing in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Efforts to improve encapsulating properties have been made using mixtures of carbohydrates with proteins or gums in different proportions. The objective of the present work was to study the stability of encapsulated β‐carotene and its degradation kinetics in maltodextrin/gum arabic and maltodextrin/gelatin matrices in relation to the physical properties and state of the dehydrated matrix.RESULTS: The degradation of β‐carotene followed a first‐order kinetic model of fractional retention for all encapsulating matrices. The Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) model was adequate to describe the sorption isotherms of the studied systems. β‐Carotene losses were observed mainly at relative humidities (RHs) above the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the corresponding systems, where the matrices were fully plasticised and collapsed (75 and 92% RH). At these high RHs the best β‐carotene retention was obtained in the system containing gum arabic.CONCLUSION: The results showed that pigment degradation was determined by the physical state of the matrix, related to the degree of collapse. They represent a contribution to the knowledge of physical factors that affect the retention kinetics of labile biomolecules encapsulated in dehydrated matrices. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry