bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Expressions of CD200 and CD200R Molecules on Myeloid and Lymphoid Dendritic Cells in Pre‐Eclampsia and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Darmochwal‐Kolarz Dorota A. , Kludka‐Sternik Magdalena , Chmielewski Tomasz , Kolarz Bogdan , Rolinski Jacek , Leszczynska‐Gorzelak Bozena , Oleszczuk Jan 
Published: March 2012

ProblemThe purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that the expressions of CD200 and CD200R tolerance molecules are increased on peripheral blood dendritic cells (DCs) in normal pregnancy and decreased on peripheral blood DCs in pre‐eclampsia.Method of studyThirty‐three patients with pre‐eclampsia, 38 normal pregnant women, and 10 healthy non‐pregnant women were included in the study. Dendritic cells were isolated from peripheral blood, stained with monoclonal antibodies against blood dendritic cell antigens as well as CD200 and CD200R antigens, and estimated using flow cytometry.ResultsThe expressions of CD200 and CD200R molecules on CD1c+ myeloid and BDCA‐2+ lymphoid DCs in the first trimester of normal pregnancy were significantly higher when compared to the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. The expressions of CD200 molecule on CD1c+ myeloid DCs were significantly lower in the third trimester of normal pregnancy when compared to the second trimester. The expressions of CD200R molecule on CD1c+ myeloid DCs and BDCA‐2+ lymphoid DCs did not differ in pre‐eclampsia and healthy third trimester pregnant women. However, the expressions of CD200 molecule on CD1c+ myeloid and BDCA‐2+ lymphoid DCs were significantly higher in pre‐eclampsia when compared to the healthy third trimester pregnant women.ConclusionThe results suggest increased tolerogenic properties of myeloid and lymphoid DCs in normal human pregnancy. Moreover, they suggest a decrease in tolerogenic properties of DCs before delivery. It seems possible that higher expressions of CD200 molecule on CD1c+ myeloid and BDCA‐2+ lymphoid DCs in pre‐eclampsia may constitute the tolerogenic mechanism secondary to the pro‐inflammatory response that is observed in this syndrome.
Osteopontin and symmetric dimethylarginine plasma levels in solitary functioning kidney in children
Authors: Taranta‐Janusz Katarzyna , Wasilewska Anna , Stypułkowska Justyna , Sutuła Małgorzata 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  The present study aimed to examine whether plasma osteopontin (pOPN) and symmetric dimethylarginine (pSDMA) are useful biomarkers of renal dysfunction in children with solitary functioning kidney (SFK).Methods:  We measured circulating pOPN and pSDMA in 51 patients with SFK and no other urinary defects. Patients were subdivided into two groups: primary SFK (pSFK) – unilateral renal agenesis (URA), and secondary SFK (sSFK) – unilateral nephrectomy. The control group (C) contained 21 healthy children, with mean age 9.92 ± 4.85 years. Immunoenzymatic ELISA commercial kits were used to measure pOPN and pSDMA concentrations.Results:  Plasma osteopontin and pSDMA levels in children with SFK were higher than those in healthy participants (p < 0.05). There was no difference in pOPN and pSDMA concentrations between patients with pSFK and those with sSFK (p > 0.05). Receiver operator characteristic analyses performed to define the diagnostic efficiency of serum creatinine, pOPN and pSDMA in identifying children with Ccr < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 among all examined children revealed no differences between all three AUCs (p > 0.05).Conclusion:  Increased pOPN and pSDMA levels were observed in children with SFK. Both pOPN and pSDMA correlated with eGFR; however, the sensitivity and specificity of those markers were not better than those of creatinine.
Identifying tropical Ecuadorian Andean trees from inter‐crown pixel distributions in hyperspatial aerial imagery
Authors: Peck Mika , Mariscal Ana , Padbury Martin , Cane Tim , Kniveton Dominic , Chinchero Miguel Angel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuestionIdentification of tropical tree species from low‐cost, very high‐resolution (VHR) proximal canopy remote sensing imagery has great potential for improving our understanding of tropical forest ecology. We investigated whether inter‐crown pixel information from VHR imagery could be used for taxonomic identification of trees and characterization of successional stages of tropical Andean mountain forest.LocationSanta Lucia cloud forest reserve, NW Ecuadorian Andes.MethodsWe gathered digital camera imagery (0.05‐m spatial resolution), using a remote‐controlled helicopter platform, from primary and secondary forest and identified visible crowns to species before extracting digital crown samples (2‐m radius). Using an object‐based approach, histogram descriptors and diversity metrics of pixel intensity in red, green and blue (RGB) bands were calculated for crowns, and patterns in similarity explored using ordination. Predictive models were developed and validated using four decision tree models (CHIAD, Exhaustive CHIAD, CRT and QUEST).ResultsAerial imagery represented 54% of families, 53% of genera and 56% of species sampled from the ground. Ordination (redundancy analysis) confirmed that inherent continuities, based on crown metrics, correlated with traditional species, genus and family groupings (P < 0.05). Data were best described by histogram means in the green band. The best predictive model (CRT) generated a 47% probability of correct species identification for 41 species – with similar success at genus and family level. Predictive ability was highly species‐specific, ranging from zero for some taxa to 93% for Cecropia gabrielis Cuatrec.ConclusionsFrom the crown metrics tested, we found the mean pixel intensity in the green band was most effective in predicting species and species grouping of tropical mountain trees. This metric integrates species‐specific differences in leaf density of crowns and reflectance in the green waveband. High predictive success for indicators of primary (Cornus peruviana J.F. Macbr.) and secondary forest (Cecropia gabrielis Cuatrec.) shows that VHR imagery can be used to identify species from pixel information to provide ecological information on successional status. Further research is needed to develop pattern and textural metrics specifically for hyperspatial digital imagery to identify tree species from crown imagery in diverse tropical forests.
The associations between feeding difficulties and behaviours and dietary patterns at 2 years of age: the ALSPAC cohort
Authors: Northstone Kate , Emmett Pauline 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLittle is known about the dietary patterns of toddlers. This period of life is important for forming good dietary habits later in life. Using dietary data collected via food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 2 years of age, we examined the dietary patterns of children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Principal component analysis was performed for 9599 children and three patterns were extracted: ‘family foods’ associated with traditional British family foods such as meat, fish, puddings, potatoes and vegetables; ‘sweet and easy’ associated with foods high in sugar (sweets, chocolate, fizzy drinks, flavoured milks) and foods requiring little preparation (crisps, potatoes, baked beans, peas, soup); ‘health conscious’ associated with fruit, vegetables, eggs, nuts and juices. We found clear associations between dietary pattern scores and socio‐demographic variables, with maternal education being the most important. Higher levels of education were associated with higher scores on both the ‘family foods’ and the ‘health conscious’ patterns, and decreased scores on the ‘sweet and easy’ pattern. Relationships were evident between dietary pattern scores and various feeding difficulties and behaviours. Notably, children who were introduced late to lumpy (chewy) solids (after 9 months) scored lower on both the ‘family foods’ and the ‘health conscious’ patterns. Further analyses are required to determine the temporal relationship between perceived feeding difficulties and behaviours, and it will be important to assess the contribution of the age of introduction to lumpy solids to these relationships.
Relationship between the nutritional status of breastfeeding Mayan mothers and their infants in Guatemala
Authors: Frojo Gianfranco A. , Rogers Nathaniel G. , Mazariegos Manolo , Keenan John , Jolly Pauline 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA case–control study was conducted to determine the association between maternal height and infant length‐for‐age, and to evaluate how this association is modified by either maternal or infant nutritional status. We hypothesised that maternal excess caloric intake [measured as body mass index (BMI)] would increase the association, while infant nutrition (measured in main meals consumed in addition to breastfeeding) will diminish the effect. Mother and infant pairs in Chimaltenango, Guatemala, were measured for anthropometric values and nutritional status, and mothers were interviewed to elicit nutritional and socio‐economic information. Infant length was converted into z‐scores based on the World Health Organization's (WHO) standards. Odds ratios (ORs), associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) were calculated. Cases were infants below 2 z‐scores of the WHO's length‐for‐age, while controls were infants within the −2 to 2 z‐score range. Cases (n = 84) had an increased odds (OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.57–5.74) of being born to a stunted mother (below 145 cm) when compared with controls (n = 85). When adjusted for potential confounders, the OR decreased to 2.55 (95% CI: 1.30–5.02). Negative RERI values were produced for the joint exposure of maternal BMI ≥ 25 and maternal stuntedness (RERI: −0.96), as well as for the joint exposure of maternal stuntedness and infant nutrition (RERI: −2.27). Our results confirm that maternal stuntedness is a significant contributor to infant stuntedness; however, this association is modified negligibly by maternal nutritional status and significantly by infant nutritional status, each in a protective manner.
Association between reactive oxygen metabolites and paraoxonase 1 activity during a physical activity increase intervention with older Japanese people
Authors: Kotani Kazuhiko , Caccavello Russell , Mutou Takako , Yamada Toshiyuki , Taniguchi Nobuyuki , Gugliucci Alejandro 
Published: March 2012

Aim:  Considering the beneficial effects of physical activity on health and disease in older people, the aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in reactive oxygen metabolites and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity during an intervention period on increased physical activity among older people.Methods:  Serum diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROMs), PON1 activity and cardiometabolic variables were measured in 43 asymptomatic Japanese volunteers (18 men/25 women, mean age 68.9 years) in the pre‐ and post‐phase of a 6‐month intervention program aiming at a mild but sustained increase in physical activity.Results:  While the d‐ROMs and PON1 activity levels were not significantly altered after the intervention, there was an inverse correlation between percentage changes of d‐ROMs and PON1 activity during this intervention period. Multiple regression analysis revealed their significant and inverse correlation as independent of percentage changes of the other cardiometabolic variables (β=−0.3, P < 0.05).Conclusions:  The inverse d‐ROMs‐PON1 relationship may indicate the value of concurrent measurement of these two components of oxidation–antioxidation balance when studying the effects of physical activity in an older population. Further studies are necessary to confirm the observed relationship.
Resisting resistance: Practical decision tools for choosing antimicrobials safely
Authors: Hannigan Norma S. , Tolman Deanna R. , Larson Elaine L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide, in a concise format, information about evidence‐based decision‐making strategies and support tools available for appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. A brief review of the current status of antimicrobial resistance, prescribing practices of nurse practitioners (NPs), and factors associated with inappropriate prescribing practices is included to further explicate the need for such support tools.Data sources: Journal articles, Internet websites, reference texts.Conclusions: Many microorganisms have developed resistance to previously standard treatments, and resistant strains continue to emerge. One factor associated with increasing resistance is inappropriate or overprescribing of antimicrobials sometimes related to lack of easy accessibility to clinical decision‐making tools. Some practical evidence‐based tools and decision‐making strategies are presented here to foster making optimal antimicrobial choices in clinical practice.Implications for practice: Evidence‐based decision‐making strategies and tools can be used at the point of care to maximize appropriate antimicrobial prescribing by NPs.
Relationships between lifestyle, health behaviors, and health status outcomes for underserved adults
Authors: Alverson Elise M. , Kessler Theresa A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract Purpose: To examine the relationships between lifestyle, health behaviors, and health status for underserved adults.Data sources: A convenience sample of 84 adults responded to a questionnaire on lifestyle, health behaviors, health indices, and health status. Health status was measured by the 12‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐12).Conclusions: The majority of the sample was white, female, ranged in age from 19 to 64 years, and had an annual income range of $0–$25,000. Lifestyle factors reported included smoking (44%), consuming alcohol (59%), using street drugs previously (43%), exercising regularly (45%), and having adequate sleep (M= 7.16 h). Sixty‐five percent engaged in at least one screening behavior during the past 12 months and used at least one prescription medication. Data for health indices demonstrated subjects had at least one current symptom (89%), at least one current medical condition (72%), and a body mass index classified as overweight (48%). No significant relationships were found between lifestyle and health status. Findings indicated health indices rather than lifestyle were related to health status.Implications for practice: Findings provided selective support for the links between lifestyle, health behaviors, and health status. Nurses can use the results as a basis for future assessments and interventions with underserved adults.
FRAX® counseling for bone health behavior change in women 50 years of age and older
Authors: Dunniway Diane L. , Camune Barbara , Baldwin Kathleen , Crane James K. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract  Purpose: To evaluate the use of FRAX® (Fracture risk assessment tool) for changes in bone health risk factors and treatment decision‐making.Data Sources: A convenience sample of seventeen women, 50 years and older, English‐speaking, generally healthy, with the ability to perform weight‐bearing exercise, presenting for a DXA scan in a Midwestern city between August 2009 and November 2009, and not already being treated for osteoporosis or osteopenia. Self‐administered diet and exercise questionnaires were completed by participants, followed by individual counseling related to FRAX® absolute risk and NOF guidelines. Questionnaires were repeated at approximately three months later, along with a short survey regarding the information's impact.Conclusions: FRAX® increased a participant's perception of future risk for osteoporosis and desire to change bone health habits. About 50% actually made changes in calcium and vitamin D consumption and weight‐bearing exercise. FRAX® could not be applied to those with osteopenia of the spine only; and a variety of bone health risk factors not covered by FRAX® were identified.Implications for Practice: The FRAX® risk assessment tool can be useful to motivate clients to change bone health behavior. However, it has limitations in its use as a tool for whether or not to prescribe bisphosphonates.
Gender differences in risky sexual behavior among urban adolescents exposed to violence
Authors: Collins Fantasia Heidi , Sutherland Melissa A. , Kelly‐Weeder Susan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to use an ecological lens to explore gender differences in risky sexual behavior among urban adolescents exposed to violence.Data Sources: This was a secondary analysis of data from a larger behavioral intervention trial that targeted drinking behaviors among adolescents. Data from a total of 2,560 male and female urban adolescents between the ages of 14 and 21 were analyzed for personal, interpersonal, and community exposure to violence and risky sexual behavior.Conclusions: Violence has an impact on sexual risk. For females, carrying a weapon (p= 0.020) and feeling safe in intimate relationships (p= 0.029) were individual correlates of risky sexual behavior, while for males, race/ethnicity (p= 0.019) and being in a physical fight (p= 0.001) were significant correlates of risky sexual behavior.Implications for Practice: Risky sexual behavior among adolescents may lead to negative reproductive health outcomes. Nurse practitioners are in an excellent position to affect change in this population through their frequent contact with adolescents in a variety of community and school‐based venues. Nurse practitioners are also well‐prepared to identify at‐risk adolescents and provide them with individualized care, education, and support.
Respiratory tract versus cloacal sampling of migratory ducks for influenza A viruses: are both ends relevant?
Authors: Krauss Scott , Pryor Sydney Paul , Raven Garnet , Danner Angela , Kayali Ghazi , Webby Richard J. , Webster Robert G. 
Published: March 2012

Please cite this paper as: Krauss et al. (2012) Respiratory tract versus cloacal sampling of migratory ducks for influenza A viruses: are both ends relevant? Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: .Background  Early studies in dabbling ducks showed that cloacal swabs yielded a larger number of avian influenza virus (AIV) isolates than did respiratory tract swabs. Historically, AIV surveillance has been performed by collecting cloacal or environmental fecal samples only. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus emerged in 1996 and replicated to higher titers in the respiratory rather than the gastrointestinal tract of ducks, prompting the collection of respiratory samples in addition to cloacal swabs from wild birds. Studies confirmed that some virus subtypes, especially H9 and highly pathogenic H5, are shed primarily through the respiratory tract and may not be detected in cloacal swabs.Objectives  To examine prevalence and subtype differences for AIV isolates from cloacal or respiratory swabs of wild ducks and to determine whether individual respiratory tract samples should be included in AIV surveillance studies in wild birds.Methods  Individual respiratory tract and cloacal swabs were collected from each of 1036 wild ducks in Alberta, Canada, during the month of August from 2007 to 2010 in an ongoing surveillance study. Virus isolation in eggs and subtype identification by antigenic and molecular methods were performed.Results and conclusions  Respiratory tract and cloacal swabs yielded ten influenza virus HA subtypes representing 28 HA–NA combinations. Three HA–NA subtype combinations were found exclusively in respiratory tract samples. Only four HA subtypes (H1, H3, H4, and H7) were recovered from respiratory samples, but respiratory shedding was associated with the dominance of 1 year’s subtype. Might respiratory shedding provide a risk assessment indicator?
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for the Potentilla core group (Rosaceae) using 454 sequencing
Authors: DOBEŠ CH. , SCHEFFKNECHT S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMicrosatellites are valuable markers for the analysis of genetic diversity, linkage mapping or genotyping. The limited availability of microsatellites for the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae) stipulated the isolation of markers from a representative (Potentilla pusilla Host) of the Potentilla core group that constitutes the most species‐rich evolutionary lineage within the genus. Thousand four hundred and seventy‐six simple sequence repeat (SSR) containing candidate sequences were isolated from a single‐type line using 454 sequencing. Seventy‐four functional microsatellite markers were developed from 200 sequences selected for suitable priming sites flanking microsatellite repeats referring to a 37% primer‐to‐marker conversion ratio. Seventy‐two markers were polymorphic. These numbers confirm the increased efficiency of pyrosequencing over traditional isolation techniques in the development of microsatellites. Amplification primer sequences and the sequences of corresponding target fragments are provided for all functional markers, and molecular polymorphisms estimated for four accessions of P. pusilla and among seven core group species represented by 14 individuals are reported. Cross‐species transferability ranged between 86.4% and 97.3% among the studied taxa, and 57, 11 and six of the selected primer pairs amplified fragments of expected size and number in seven, six and five of the species, respectively. Reproducibility of the molecular phenotypes was 97.0%, which was inferred using a replicate sample of P. pusilla.
Allelematch: an R package for identifying unique multilocus genotypes where genotyping error and missing data may be present
Authors: GALPERN PAUL , MANSEAU MICHELINE , HETTINGA PETER , SMITH KAREN , WILSON PAUL 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe presentallelematch, an R package, to automate the identification of unique multilocus genotypes in data sets where the number of individuals is unknown, and where genotyping error and missing data may be present. Such conditions commonly occur in noninvasive sampling protocols. Output from the software enables a comparison of unique genotypes and their matches, and facilitates the review of differences between profiles. The software has a variety of applications in molecular ecology, and may be valuable where a large number of samples must be processed, unique genotypes identified, and repeated observations made over space and time. We used simulations to assess the performance ofallelematchand found that it can reliably and accurately determine the correct number of unique genotypes (±3%) across a broad range of data set properties. We found that the software performs with highest accuracy when genotyping error is below 4%. The R package is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (http://cran.r‐project.org/). Supplementary documentation and tutorials are provided.