bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural and Unnatural A‐seco Terpenes from Pulegone: Synthesis of Galbanic Acid and Marneral Revisited
Authors: Corbu Andrei , Aquino Maurizio , Perez Manuel , Gandara Zoila , Arseniyadis Siméon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe describe herein an improved chiral‐pool strategy for assembling the core structure 3 (both antipodes) of various A‐seco terpenoids that have allowed us to prepare natural galbanic acid [(–)‐1] from (S)‐(–)‐pulegone [(–)‐2]. Furthermore, we were able to increase both the yield and step efficiency of the synthesis of marneral [(+)‐7] as well as to access higher homologues of ent‐galbanic acid [(+)‐4], ent‐secodrial [(+)‐5], and bis‐epi‐secochiliotrin (6) from (R)‐(+)‐pulegone [(+)‐2]. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Adsorptive removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions by rice husk ash
Authors: Naiya Tarun Kumar , Bhattacharya Ashim Kumar , Das Sudip Kumar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study deals with the adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) onto rice husk ash, low valued agricultural by‐product obtained during the rice processing from rice mill. The influences of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent concentration on the selectivity and sensitivity of the removal process were investigated. The optimum pH for adsorption was found to be 5 for Cd(II), and equilibrium was achieved within 2 h of contact time. Maximum adsorption of Cd(II) was obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 7.5 g/L, which may be considered as optimum adsorbent dosage level. Kinetics data were best described by pseudo‐second order model. The value of effective diffusion coefficient was of the order of 10−10 m2/s. The equilibrium adsorption data were better fitted to Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity (qmax) of rice husk ash for Cd(II) ions in terms of monolayer adsorption was 35.84 mg/g. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant and the Gibbs free energy were determined for and results indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The adsorption energy calculated using Dubinin‐Radushkevich isotherm shows that adsorption of Cd(II) is chemical in nature. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
AC Impedance Characterisation of a La0.8Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ Electrode
Authors: Kournoutis V. Ch. , Tietz F. , Bebelis S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe electrochemical characteristics of a La0.8Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ electrode, synthesised using the spray‐drying technique and deposited via screen printing on a double layer Ce0.8Gd0.2O2–δ/ZrO2(8 mol% Y2O3) electrolyte, were studied using AC impedance spectroscopy. It was found that depending on temperature (600 to 850°C) and oxygen partial pressure P (0.7 to 100 kPa) the impedance characteristics of the electrode are determined by up to three different processes, which were identified as ionic conduction in the electrode bulk, interfacial charge transfer and gas phase diffusion, respectively, on the basis of the temperature and oxygen partial pressure dependence of the polarisation conductance associated with the individual processes and the related pseudocapacitance values.
Sulphonated Biphenylated Poly(aryl ether ketone)s for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Liu B. , Hu W. , Robertson G. P. , Kim Y. S. , Jiang Z. , Guiver M. D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNew series of fully aromatic poly(ether ketone)s with a biphenyl pendant groups were synthesised. A direct comparison of sulphonation reaction among monophenylated poly(ether ether ketone) (Ph‐PEEK), biphenylated poly(ether ether ketone) (BiPh‐PEEK) and PEEK (Victrex) was thoroughly investigated. Several advantages of the pendant‐phenyl poly(ether ketone)s compared with commercial PEEK were identified, including ready control over the site of sulphonation and degree of sulphonation (DS), and mild and rapid sulphonation. The basic membrane physical properties comprising of thermal and mechanical properties, dimensional stability and proton conductivity were studied. One new membrane, sulphonated biphenylated poly(ether ether ketone) (BiPh‐SPEEKDK) having a good combination of membrane properties was fabricated into a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and it showed excellent direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance.
Environmentally Friendly Fabrication of Surface‐Modified MWNT‐Supported Pt Nanocomposites for PEMFCs
Authors: Lee S. H. , Teshima K. , Jang I. Y. , Kim Y. J. , Sonobayashi Y. , Sugimura H. , Endo M. , Oishi S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe functionalisation process of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is required as a primary step in fabricating CNTs‐supported composites. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were treated under N2 atmospheric pressure plasma in order to functionalise their sidewalls with nitrogen‐containing and other functional groups. The surface‐treated MWNTs with –NO, –NH2 and other functional groups grafted on their sidewalls were analysed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, a certain amount of structural disorder generated by the continuous decoration of functional groups on the MWNT sidewalls was investigated by Raman spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functional groups introduced by N2 atmospheric pressure plasma were used as the chemical reaction sites for fabricating the Pt/MWNT nanocomposites. The deposition manner of Pt nanoparticles from their precursor ions (PtCl2–6) was positively correlated with the proportion of the surface functional groups. The plasma‐treated MWNT‐supported platinum catalysts exhibited higher electrochemical activity for hydrogen adsorption/desorption and methanol oxidation than did the catalysts prepared with MWNTs treated by HNO3/H2SO4. These results were due to the uniformly deposited Pt nanoparticles on the MWNTs caused by the strong interactions between the Pt precursors and the functional groups formed by N2 atmospheric pressure plasma.
N‐glycan based models improve diagnostic efficacies in hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fang Meng , Zhao Yun‐Peng , Zhou Fei‐Guo , Lu Lun‐Gen , Qi Peng , Wang Hao , Zhou Kun , Sun Shu‐Han , Chen Cui‐Ying , Gao Chun‐Fang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is of great clinical desirable due to lack of specific and sensitive markers. Alterations in the sugar chains of glycoprotein synthesized by the liver contribute to the molecular basis of abnormalities in carcinogenesis. This study aims to construct and assess the diagnostic value of N‐glycan based diagnostic model in HCC identification and follow‐up. A total of 393 subjects including HBV‐related HCC, liver fibrosis and healthy controls were recruited. Follow‐up was carried out before and after surgical treatment in HCC. N‐glycome of serum glycoprotein was profiled by DNA sequencer‐assisted fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA‐FACE). Multiparameters diagnostic models were constructed based on N‐glycan markers. The result found that 2 N‐glycan structure abundances (NG1A2F, Peak 4; NA3Fb, Peak 9) were useful as N‐glycan markers. The diagnostic efficacy of the log ratio [log(p9/4)] was similar to that of AFP in differentiating HCC from fibrosis. The accuracy and sensitivity of the diagnostic model combining AFP and N‐glycan markers (Cscore B) were increased 7–10% compared with that of AFP. Log(p9/4) was more efficient in monitoring the progression of HCC with regarding to vascular invasion at improved specificity (16%) and accuracy (8%) compared with that of AFP. The N‐glycan markers were found to be changed significantly after surgical resection in HCC follow‐up. We conclude that the branching α (1,3)‐fucosylated triantennary glycan and a biantennary glycan are promising as N‐glycan markers. The diagnostic models based on the N‐glycan markers and AFP improve the efficacy in HCC diagnosis and progression monitoring.
SYUNZ‐16, a newly synthesized alkannin derivative, induces tumor cells apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth through inhibition of PKB/AKT kinase activity and blockade of AKT/FOXO signal pathway
Authors: Deng Rong , Tang Jun , Xie Bing‐Fen , Feng Gong‐Kan , Huang Yu‐Han , Liu Zong‐Chao , Zhu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlkannin is the major bioactive compound of Arnebia euchroma roots, which is used in many therapeutic remedies in Chinese traditional medicine. SYUNZ‐16 is a new derivative of alkannin. In this study, anticancer effects of SYUNZ‐16 on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC‐82 and human hepatocarcinoma cell line Hep3B were tested in vitro. The results showed SYUNZ‐16 could obviously inhibit the proliferation of these cancer cell lines via induction of apoptosis, with the evidence of increasing AnnexinV‐positive cells and cleaved caspase‐3 and PARP fragments. More importantly, we found that SYUNZ‐16 could inhibit AKT activity in cell‐free system. Treatment of cancer cells with SYUNZ‐16 decreased the phosphorylation of AKT. Additionally, SYUNZ‐16 partially attenuated the phosphorylation levels of FKHR and FKHRL1 in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent fashion, and led to an increase in the nuclear accumulation of exogenous FKHR, and upregulated the mRNA expression of Bim and TRADD in cancer cells. Further study showed that constitutively activated AKT1 transfection could reduce apoptosis induction mediated by SYUNZ‐16. The in vivo experiments showed that SYUNZ‐16 had inhibitory effects on S‐180 sarcoma implanted to mice. And in GLC‐82 xenograft models, SYUNZ‐16 at 20 mg/kg/qod remarkably inhibited the tumor growth with the T/C value of 45.3%. Taken together, SYUNZ‐16 might be a potent inhibitor of AKT signaling pathway in tumor cells. These data provide evidence for the development of SYUNZ‐16 as a potential antitumor drug candidate for further research and development.
UV curable polyester polyol acrylate/bentonite nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, and drug release
Authors: Thatiparti Thimma Reddy , Tammishetti Shekharam , Nivasu Muram V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPolyesterpolyolacrylate/bentonite nanocomposites, capable of in situ photo polymerization, were synthesized and characterized. The organically modified bentonite clay was prepared by an ion exchange process, in which sodium ions were replaced by alkyl ammonium ions. Organo modification of bentonite was confirmed from X‐ray diffraction and fourier transform‐infrared data. Microstructures were characterized by XRD data and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both XRD data and TEM images of polyester polyol acrylate/organo modified bentonite nanocomposites indicated that most of silicate layers were intercalated into the acrylate matrix. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by gel content, water equilibrium swell, tensile strength, and in vitro degradation. The results showed that water equilibrium swell and in vitro degradation of these nanocomposites decreased with increase in the clay content. The tensile strength of these nanocomposites also increased with increase in the clay content. Release of two model drugs namely sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac sodium (DS) from these nanocomposites was studied in phosphate buffer saline pH = 7.4 at 37°C. The drug release studies showed that sulfamethoxazole released slower than DS from polyester polyol acrylate nanocomposites. Therefore, these materials may be useful for mucoadhesive drug carriers and other biomedical applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2010
Differences between bisphosphonates in binding affinities for hydroxyapatite
Authors: Lawson M. A. , Xia Z. , Barnett B. L. , Triffitt J. T. , Phipps R. J. , Dunford J. E. , Locklin R. M. , Ebetino F. H. , Russell R. G. G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBisphosphonates (BPs) inhibit bone resorption and are widely used for the treatment of bone diseases, including osteoporosis. BPs are also being studied for their effects on hydroxyapatite (HAP)‐containing biomaterials. There is a growing appreciation that there are hitherto unexpected differences among BPs in their mineral binding affinities that affect their pharmacological and biological properties. To study these differences, we have developed a method based on fast performance liquid chromatography using columns of HAP to which BPs and other phosphate‐containing compounds can adsorb and be eluted by using phosphate buffer gradients at pH 6.8. The individual compounds emerge as discrete and reproducible peaks for a range of compounds with different affinities. For example, the peak retention times (min; mean ± SEM) were 22.0 ± 0.3 for zoledronate, 16.16 ± 0.44 for risedronate, and 9.0 ± 0.28 for its phosphonocarboxylate analog, NE10790. These results suggest that there are substantial differences among BPs in their binding to HAP. These differences may be exploited in the development of biomaterials and may also partly explain the extent of their relative skeletal retention and persistence of biological effects observed in both animal and clinical studies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2010
Improved biological performance of microarc‐oxidized low‐modulus Ti‐24Nb‐4Zr‐7.9Sn alloy
Authors: Wu Jiang , Liu Zheng‐Ming , Zhao Xiang‐Hui , Gao Yang , Hu Jiang , Gao Bo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTi‐24Nb‐4Zr‐7.9Sn (TNZS) is a newly developed β‐titanium alloy with low modulus and it has been considered as good material for dental or orthopedic implant. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effect of micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) treatment on the biological performance of TNZS surface. The phases, morphology and chemical composition of the MAO‐treated surface were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscope and scanning electron microscopy analysis respectively. Then we tested the biocompatibility by examining the cell morphology and viability of osteoblast cells growing on MAO‐TNZS surface. The bone binding strength of the specimens was evaluated by removal torque test after implantation in rabbit tibiae for 6 weeks. Compared with the none‐treated titanium and TNZS specimens, MAO treated TNZS specimens showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in hydrophilicity, roughness, cell viability and removal torque forces. In summary, MAO treatment helps to form a porous surface with a biologically active bone‐like apatite layer on TNZS specimens, which may improve the biological response of MAO‐TNZS implants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Controlled release of tetracycline from biodegradable β‐tricalcium phosphate composites
Authors: Luginbuehl Vera , Ruffieux Kurt , Hess Claudia , Reichardt Dennis , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Nuss Katja 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFor use in the prevention of bone infections, a novel controlled release system composed of β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) granules with biodegradable coatings incorporating the antibiotic drug tetracycline (TC) was developed. Six formulations using poly(D,L‐lactide) and poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) as coating materials to incorporate TC were prepared and tested in vitro and in vivo. Release of TC from TCP composites was dependent on the biodegradability of the used polymers and on physical–chemical interactions of TC with the polymer materials. Three characteristic release profiles were obtained: slow release lasting up to 67 days, intermediate release with 60% of the total dose released up to day 20, and fast release with a high initial burst and 90% of TC released within 4 days. Even though TC decomposition products had formed during in vitro release, no cytotoxic effects on osteoblast‐like cells were observed. The biological activity of TC after incorporation into PL(G)A films was confirmed using a TC‐repressible promoter system in genetically engineered Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. TC‐loaded TCP composites implanted in ovine cancellous bone defects showed good biocompatibility and new bone formation in the histological evaluation. No differences in the cellular reactions were seen between antibiotic‐loaded composites and the control group. These experimental results indicate the potential of coated TCP composites to be used as local carrier system for controlled TC delivery with different release kinetics and good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
A Review—Micromorphological evidence of degradation in resin‐dentin bonds and potential preventional solutions
Authors: Hashimoto Masanori 
Published: November 2009

AbstractResin adhesion to dentin was first achieved in 1982 through mechanical hybridization between resin and collagen fibrils using an adhesive resin containing a functional monomer. Over the last 2 decades, newly developed adhesive resins have attempted to improve the bond strength at least in the first 24 h after bonding. Although much is known about the initial bond strength, learned through morphological analysis, the long‐term durability of bonds has not yet been established analytically. However, numerous recent studies have shown chemical biodegradation of resin‐dentin bonds under various testing regimes. In general, studies have shown that dentin bond strength decreases over time due to degradation of the resin and the collagen fibrils within the bonds. Furthermore, crystal formation around cured bonding resins has been reported in a number of adhesives after long‐term water storage. However, the extent and process of degradation or crystallization is adhesive type specific. This review mainly summarizes the most recent and state of the art work in degradation of the bonding of dental restorative compounds with dentin based on micromorphological data of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Rumination fosters indecision in dysphoria
Authors: van Randenborgh Annette , de Jong‐Meyer Renate , Hüffmeier Joachim 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of rumination on indecision, assessed as high levels of perceived decision difficulty, low confidence in a decision, and decision latency. Dysphoric and nondysphoric participants were assigned to either a rumination or a distraction induction. Subsequently, they made four decisions with alleged real‐life consequences. As predicted, rumination exhibited a negative effect on dysphoric participants' decision‐making process. They experienced the decisions as more difficult and had less confidence in their choices. No effects emerged on the measure of decision time. Mediation analyses revealed that increased difficulty of the decisions was due to self‐focused thinking as a cognitive consequence of rumination, while reduced confidence in the decisions was partly mediated by negative affect that resulted from rumination. The finding that rumination affects the important life domain of decision making by fostering indecision in dysphoric individuals is a central extension of previous studies on rumination's consequences. In addition, these results provide insight into the depressive symptom of indecisiveness by revealing its underlying mechanisms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 229–248, 2010.
Concerns about substandard training for prescription privileges for psychologists
Authors: Heiby Elaine M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis Commentary on the Muse and McGrath study (this issue, pp. XXX–XXX) refutes its conclusion that the amount of training for prescription privileges for psychologists (R×P) is equal to or greater than that for psychiatric nurse practitioners and physicians. First, the sample failed to include only training programs for nurses and psychologists that lead to independent prescribing. Second, training was defined by an arbitrary, nonvalidated list of “key content areas” that excluded much of the standard medical curricula for nurses and physicians to prescribe. Third, the levels of training for which the “key content areas” were assessed omitted undergraduate prerequisites, apprenticeships, supervised practice, and residencies that are a standard part of the nursing and physician programs studied. R×P training remains substandard. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: 66: 1–8, 2010.
Extraction of alcohol using emulsion liquid membrane consisting of paraffin oil as an organic phase and lecithin as a surfactant
Authors: Chanukya B.S. , Rastogi Navin K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: This paper reports on the use of a liquid emulsion membrane involving paraffin light oil as membrane phase and lecithin as surfactant for the extraction of alcohol from anthocyanin extract and simulated pineapple wine.RESULTS: The extraction of alcohol was found to depend on the many factors such as surfactant concentration, contact time, stirring speed, stirring time, and ratio of membrane emulsion to feed volume. Results showed that optimum conditions for maximum alcohol extraction (25%) were lecithin concentration 3%, contact time 20 min, stirring speed 250 rpm and ratio of membrane emulsion to feed volume 1:2. Multistage extraction using this liquid emulsion membrane was found to completely remove alcohol from anthocyanin extract and from simulated pineapple wine in seven stages and five stages, respectively.CONCLUSION: This liquid emulsion membrane was found to be a useful method for the extraction of alcohol from aqueous feed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Access to indoles via Diels‐Alder reactions of 3‐vinylpyrroles
Authors: Noland Wayland E. , Lanzatella Nicholas P. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image
N‐p‐Toluenesulfonyl‐3‐vinylpyrrole underwent endo‐addition [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with maleimides and benzoquinones, followed by isomerization to give tetrahydroindoles in good yields. Dehydrogenation with activated MnO2 in refluxing toluene gave the corresponding indoles in fair to good yields. Detosylation via saponification or with magnesium in refluxing methanol gave the N‐H indoles in moderate to good yields. This method for formation of indoles is both convergent and versatile and uses starting materials that are conveniently prepared. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Syntheses and reactions of halo‐ and arylazo‐substituted 3‐(3‐(2‐naphthyl)acryloyl)tropolones: Formation of (naphthalen‐ 2‐yl)vinyl)‐substituted heterocycle‐fused troponoid compounds
Authors: Gao Wentao , Sun Mingchun , Li Yang , Li Wei , Imafuku Kimiaki 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image The starting substrate 3‐(3‐(2‐naphthyl)acryloyl)tropolone (1) was achieved by the aldol condensation reaction of 3‐acetyltropolone with 2‐naphthaldehyde. Compound (1) reacted with bromine to give 7‐bromo‐(2) and 5,7‐dibromo‐3‐(3‐(2‐naphthyl)acryloyl)tropolone (3) according to the amount of the brominated reagent. Iodination of 1 gave 7‐iodo‐3‐(3‐(2‐naphthyl)acryloyl)tropolone (4). Azo‐coupling reactions of 1, 2, and 4 gave 5‐arylazo‐3‐(3‐(2‐naphthyl)acryloyl) tropolones (5, 6, 7, 8). Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 reacted with hydroxyamine to give 3‐[2‐(2‐naphthyl)vinyl]‐8H‐cyclohepta[d]isoxazol‐8‐ones (9, 10, 11, 12). The reactions of 1, 2, 3, 4 with phenylhydrazine and substituted phenylhydrazines gave 3‐[2‐(2‐naphthyl)vinyl]‐1‐phenylcyclohepta[c]pyrazol‐8(1H)‐ones (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21). J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).