bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noncovalent Synthesis of Hierarchical Zinc Phosphates from a Single Zn4O12P4 Double‐Four‐Ring Building Block: Dimensionality Control through the Choice of Auxiliary Ligands
Authors: Murugavel Ramaswamy , Kuppuswamy Subramaniam , Gogoi Nayanmoni , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy , Steiner Alexander 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn contrast to the well‐known reaction of phosphonic acids RP(O)(OH)2 with divalent transition‐metal ions that yields layered metal phosphonates [RPO3M(H2O)]n, the 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl ester of phosphoric acid, dippH2, reacts with zinc acetate in methanol under ambient conditions to afford tetrameric zinc phosphate [(ArO)PO3Zn(MeOH)]4 (1). The coordinated methanol in 1 can be readily exchanged by stronger Lewis basic ligands at room temperature. This strategy opens up a new avenue for building double‐four‐ring (D4R) cubane‐based supramolecular assemblies through strong intercubane hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Seventeen pyridinic ligands have been used to synthesize as many D4R cubanes [(ArO)PO3Zn(L)]4 (2–18) from 1. The ligands have been chosen in such a way that the majority of them contain an additional functional group that could be used for noncovalent synthesis of extended structures. When the ligand does not contain any other hydrogen‐bonding donor–acceptor sites (e.g., 2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine (collidine)), zero‐dimensional D4R cubanes have been obtained. The use of pyridine, lutidine, 2‐aminopyridine, and 2,6‐diaminopyridine, however, results in the formation of linear or zigzag one‐dimensional assemblies of D4R cubanes through strong intermolecular CH⋅⋅⋅O or NH⋅⋅⋅O interactions. Construction of two‐dimensional assemblies of zinc phosphates has been achieved by employing 2‐hydroxypyridine or 2‐methylimidazole as the exo‐cubane ligand on zinc centers. The introduction of an alcohol side chain on the pyridinic ligand in such a way that the CH2OH group cannot participate in intracubane hydrogen bonding (e.g., pyridine‐3‐methanol, pyridine‐4‐methanol, and 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole‐N‐ethanol) leads to the facile noncovalent synthesis of three‐dimensional framework structures. Apart from being useful as building blocks for noncovalent synthesis of zeolite‐like materials, compounds 1–18 can also be thermolyzed at approximately 500 °C to yield high‐purity zinc pyrophosphate (Zn2P2O7) ceramic material.
Protecting‐Group‐Free Total Synthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids by Nickel‐Catalyzed Annulation ofo‐Halobenzaldimine with an Alkyne as the Key Step
Authors: Korivi Rajendra Prasad , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn efficient short total synthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids including oxyavicine, oxynitidine, and oxysanguinarine is described. Thus,N‐methyl‐o‐bromobenzaldimines1 b–dundergo regioselective cyclization with 4‐(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)but‐3‐yn‐1‐ol (2 b) in the presence of [Ni(cod)2] (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene). In situ oxidation of the resultant isoquinolinium salts gives isoquinolinone derivatives5 b–dwith benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl substitution at the C3atom and a (CH2)2OH group at the C4atom. Later, oxidation of the alcohol group in5 b–dto the aldehyde moiety followed by acid‐catalyzed cyclization and dehydration completes the total syntheses to give oxyavicine, oxynitidine, and oxysanguinarine in 67, 65, and 60 % yields, respectively. The synthesis requires four steps fromo‐bromobenzaldehyde derivatives. Transformations of these alkaloids to the other alkaloids in this family are also discussed herein.
Using discrete optimization for designing dental shade guides
Authors: Cocking Cara , Helling Stephan , Oswald Marcus , Rammelsberg Peter , Reinelt Gerhard , Hassel Alexander J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA key criterion in the design of dental shade guides used for matching tooth color is that the shade tabs cover the natural tooth color space as completely as possible with a manageable number of tabs. Earlier studies have designed hypothetical shade guides from a given population of tooth colors described in the CIELAB system using the goal of minimizing the mean coverage error. In this study, we investigate this topic using the goal of maximizing coverage, meaning that as many measured colors as possible were within a given color difference from the nearest shade tab of the guide. We use techniques of linear discrete optimization to determine the positions of the shade tabs and consider both color difference formulas, CIELAB and CIEDE2000, in an exemplary tooth color population. We obtain coverage error and coverage figures for hypothetical shade guides of various numbers of tabs designed with the goal of either minimizing coverage error or maximizing coverage. Results show that discrete optimization and the goal of maximizing coverage could be used to improve shade guide development. The described technique could be used not only for dental shade guides development, but also for any purpose requiring coverage of as many colors as possible while keeping the number of reference colors manageable. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Microstructured Plasma Sources
Authors: Büttgenbach S. , Lucas N. , Sichler P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDielectric barrier discharges generated in microcavities or by the use of microstructures have gained increasing interest in research and industry in recent years. This is due to the advantages of small dimensions of microstructured plasma sources and particularly their ability to generate plasmas at atmospheric pressure. In the scope of this work the design and fabrication of two different microplasma sources is presented. First, microplasma reactors based on microstructured electrode arrays which have detailed dimensions in the range of some tens of micrometers and have been successfully applied for the decomposition of waste gases are presented. Subsequently microplasma stamps, which allow the generation of microplasmas in closed cavities and which are powerful process tools for area‐selective modification of various surfaces at atmospheric pressure, are presented. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
When monocytes and platelets compete: The effect of platelet count on the flow cytometric measurement of monocyte CD36
Authors: Dzik W.H. , Cserti‐Gazdewich C.M. , Ssewanyana I. , DeLelys M. , Preffer F.I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:Flow cytometric measurement of monocyte surface CD36 is relevant to several conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipid disorders, platelet isoimmunization, and susceptibility to P falciparum malaria. CD36 is also strongly expressed on platelets where it is also known as platelet glycoprotein IV.Methods:Whole blood samples, containing identical monocyte concentrations, were adjusted to contain platelets ranging from 20,000/uL to 600,000/uL, were stained with fluorescent‐labeled anti‐CD36, and analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:CD36 median fluorescent intensity (MFI) observed on monocytes decreased as the platelet concentration in the sample increased with more than a 50% decline in monocyte MFI over the normal range of platelet values. The effect was not abolished by using larger volumes of monoclonal antibody and was observed with different clones of reagent anti‐CD36. The findings were most consistent with competition by platelets for the CD36 reagent. Similar findings were observed with antibody to class I HLA. Under defined assay conditions, monocyte CD36 MFI declined with rising platelet concentration in a predictable fashion following an inverse linear relationship.Conclusions:Measurement of CD36 expression on monocytes by flow cytometry in whole blood samples is affected by the sample platelet count. When comparing the monocyte CD36 expression among different individuals, our approach can be used to adjust measured monocyte CD36 expression for the effect of the platelet concentration in the sample. Competition by platelets for monoclonal reagents may occur in other settings when whole blood assays are used and when the target antigen is strongly expressed on both platelets and leukocytes. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Voltammetric determination of sulfamethoxazole at a multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon sensor and its application studies
Authors: Issac Sindhu , Girish Kumar K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an anti‐bacterial sulfonamide. It prevents the formation of dihydrofolic acid, a compound that bacteria need in order to survive. The present work details the voltammetric analysis of SMX at a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐Nafion modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Sulfamethoxazole gives a well defined oxidation peak at 0.74 V in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 8.0. The experimental parameters such as the amount of MWCNT‐Nafion suspension, the pH of the supporting electrolyte and scan rate were optimized and a direct electrochemical method for the determination of SMX was developed. Under optimum conditions the oxidation peak current is linear to the concentration of SMX in the range 1 × 10−2 − 5 × 10−5 M with a detection limit of 1 × 10−5 M. The MWCNT/GCE showed good stability, selectivity and was successfully used to quantify SMX in pharmaceutical formulations and urine sample. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of method AC Ampere force using eddy current inside a nonmagnetic thin plate and its effect on electrodynamic suspension
Authors: Ohji Takahisa , Sato Masaaki , Amei Kenji , Sakui Masaaki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel method for magnetic levitation force generation. In our method, we utilized three AC electromagnets that generate the inductive and AC Ampere forces. One electromagnet is installed above the surface and the other two in both sides of thin plate. Phase conditions providing the maximum levitation force are derived from 2‐dimensional finite element analysis. In order to confirm the performance of the proposed method, we performed some experiments. The experimental results show that in difference from conventional AC methods, the magnetic levitation force is increased around 5.9 times for the same eddy current inside the aluminum plate. In addition, the relations between excitation frequency, plate thickness and total levitation force are explained in details. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 48–56, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20905
Unaltered negative selection and Treg development of self‐reactive thymocytes in TCR transgenic Fyn‐deficient mice
Authors: Mamchak Alusha A. , Thien Christine B. F. , Dagger Samantha A. , Lyandres Julia , Jiang Shuwei , Langdon Wallace Y. , DeFranco Anthony L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe tyrosine kinase Fyn has been implicated as playing an important role in the generation of both stimulatory and inhibitory signaling events induced by TCR engagement. To assess the role of Fyn for antigen‐driven negative selection and Treg development, which are both dependent on the strength and nature of TCR signaling, we generated mice that co‐express the transgenes for OVA and the OT‐II TCR, which recognizes a peptide from OVA. In mice expressing both transgenes, negative selection, Treg development in the thymus, and the number of Treg in the periphery were each unaffected by ablation of Fyn. Moreover, fyn−/− Treg were functional, as assessed in vitro. We further tested the role of Fyn for the adaptor function of c‐Cbl, using mice containing a point mutation in c‐Cbl that abolishes its E3 ubiquitin ligase function but maintains its adaptor function. The functional and signaling properties of this mutant c‐Cbl were unaltered in fyn−/− thymocytes. Combined, these data indicate that Fyn was not required for the induction of central tolerance by negative selection, the adaptor protein role of c‐Cbl, or the normal development and function of Treg.
Permo‐Triassic development from Ireland to Norway: basin architecture and regional controls
Authors: Štolfová Kateřina , Shannon Patrick M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExtensive occurrences of Permo‐Triassic strata are preserved along the Northwest European Atlantic margin. Seismic reflection and well data are used to describe large‐scale Permo‐Triassic basin geometries along a swath of the continental shelf more than 2000 km long extending from the Irish to the mid‐Norwegian sectors. Successions in the Celtic Sea, the flanks of the Irish Rockall Basin, basins west and north of Scotland, and the Trøndelag and Horda platforms west of Norway are described. The large‐scale Permo‐Triassic depositional geometries commonly represent erosional remnants of larger basins modified by later rifting episodes, uplift, inversion and continental breakup. However, the interpreted geometries reveal spatial and temporal differences in rifting style. The basins developed above a complex mosaic of petrologically heterogeneous crustal terranes with inherited crustal fabrics, which had a significant impact on the depositional basin geometries. Small Permian basins with growth faulting developed in the southern Celtic Sea region. Extensive, uniformly thick Triassic strata are characteristic of the wide rift basins in the southeastern Rockall Basin and northwest of the Solan Bank High. Thick, fault‐controlled basins developed in the Horda and Trøndelag platform regions. The main controls on Permo‐Triassic basin architecture are (a) crustal thickness and composition, which determined the development of narrow or wide rift basin geometries, (b) inherited Variscan, Caledonian and Precambrian basement structures and (c) pre‐rift palaeotopography. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural style and evolution of a Late Triassic rift basin in the Central High Atlas, Morocco: controls on sediment deposition
Authors: Baudon Catherine , Fabuel‐Perez Ivan , Redfern Jonathan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLate Triassic continental sediments deposited in an active‐rift setting are exposed in the Oukaimeden‐Ourika Valley, located in the Central High Atlas Basin of Morocco. The Oukaimeden Sandstone Formation is dominated by ephemeral and perennial braided fluvial facies, and is an outcrop analogue for Triassic sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs found in Atlantic margin and North African basins. This paper documents detailed analysis of the outcrop data to investigate the influence of tectonics on deposition and the interplay with climatic controls. The geodynamic evolution of the basin is interpreted to be influenced by Atlantic rifting to the west and the formation of the Tethys Sea to the north, which led to the development of ENE and NNE striking normal faults. The present‐day fault and outcrop geometry reflects later inversion due to the Alpine compression that led to uplift of the High Atlas and subsequent erosion.The ENE trending rift‐basin is bound by normal faults, which are probably in part reactivated older Hercynian structures. The facies distribution was controlled by a complex interplay of tectonic and climatic controls. Evidence for syn‐sedimentary movement of both fault sets is observed, with stratigraphic thickening and associated progressive change in bedding dip. These faults controlled the basin dimension, geometry of the half‐graben and created the accommodation for sediment deposition. The presence of breccia deposits close to the main ENE bounding faults indicates footwall erosion and deposition of basin margin fans. The location and orientation of the main fluvial system was controlled by these structures, and the main channel belts ran parallel and proximal to the controlling faults, whereas away from the main syn‐depositional faults overbank deposits dominate. Smaller contemporaneous NNE oriented faults are generally shorter with less throw, and had only a limited influence on gross sedimentation patterns. These faults are interpreted to be syn‐sedimentary, displaying characteristics that suggest basal detachment within the Triassic, and as such provide evidence for the extension direction during late Triassic time. A periodic change from ephemeral to perennial systems, with associated changes in architectural style, is potentially attributed to climatic control, although a structural influence cannot be dismissed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of design hyetographs for locations without observed data
Authors: Lin Gwo‐Fong , Wu Ming‐Chang , Chen Guo‐Rong , Liu Shen‐Jung 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA design hyetograph which represents the time distribution of design rainfall depth corresponding to a duration and a return period is essential in hydrologic design. However, for locations without observed data (ungauged sites), construction of design hyetographs is a difficult task because of the lack of data. Hence, an approach based on self‐organizing map (SOM) is proposed in this paper to construct design hyetographs at ungauged sites. SOM, which is a special kind of artificial neural networks (ANNs), is a powerful technique for extracting and visualizing salient features of data and for solving classification problems. The proposed approach is composed of three steps: classification, assignment and construction. First, the SOM‐based classification is performed to analyse gauged sites' design hyetographs. Second, based on the concept of indicator kriging, a method is developed to assign an ungauged site of interest to a certain cluster. Third, based on the spatial information, the clustering results, and the design hyetographs of gauged sites, the design hyetograph at the site of interest is constructed using the reciprocal‐distance‐squared method. An application is conducted to assess the advantages of the proposed approach over the conventional approaches. Moreover, cross‐validation tests are applied to evaluate the performance of the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed approach. The results confirm the improvement in performance by using the proposed approach instead of conventional approaches. The proposed approach is useful for constructing design hyetographs at ungauged sites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of focal adhesion kinase gene silencing on 5‐fluorouracil chemosensitivity involves an Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway in colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Chen Yuying , Wang Zhanxiang , Chang Pingan , Xiang Liuxin , Pan Feng , Li Jianjun , Jiang Jinyan , Zou Lan , Yang Li , Bian Zhiheng , Liang Houjie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMulticellular resistance (MCR) is produced because multicellular spheroids (MCSs) are formed with a broad cell–cell connection when cultured in three‐dimensions, which limits the clinical treatment efficacy in solid tumors. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays an important role in apoptosis, survival and cell adhesion between cells and their extracellular matrix. In this study, we investigated the expressions of FAK, Akt and NF‐κB in human colorectal cancer (CRC), and the effects of FAK gene silencing on MCSs formation and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) chemosensitivity in colon carcinoma MCSs culture cells. In CRC samples, FAK, Akt and NF‐κB were overexpressed. The positive expression of FAK correlated notably with lymph node metastasis and cellular differentiation. Positive expressions of Akt and NF‐κB were significantly related to cellular differentiation and lymph node metastasis, respectively. Furthermore, positive expression of FAK correlated with that of Akt and NF‐κB. The expression of FAK was inhibited significantly by a small hairpin RNA targeting FAK. Knockdown of FAK reversed the formation and aggregation of MCSs, significantly decreased the 50% inhibitory concentration of 5‐FU, and markedly increased MCS culture cells apoptosis. These effects were associated with reduced levels of Akt and NF‐κB. These results indicate that suppressing FAK expression potentiated 5‐FU‐induced cytotoxicity and contributed to its chemosensitizing effect by suppressing Akt/NF‐κB signaling in colon carcinoma MCS culture cells. These data also imply that FAK mediates MCR of CRC through the survival signaling pathway FAK/Akt/NF‐κB.
Secretin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth via dysregulation of the cAMP‐dependent signaling mechanisms of secretin receptor
Authors: Onori Paolo , Wise Candace , Gaudio Eugenio , Franchitto Antonio , Francis Heather , Carpino Guido , Lee Vien , Lam Ian , Miller Timothy , Dostal David E. , Glaser Shannon S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSecretin plays a key role in the regulation of normal cholangiocyte physiology via secretin receptor (SCTR). SCTR expression is upregulated during extrahepatic cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation and closely associated with cholangiocyte proliferative responses. Although well studied in normal cholangiocytes, the role of secretin and the expression of SCTR in the regulation of cholangiocarcinoma proliferation are unknown. In vitro, secretin (10−7 M) displayed differential effects on normal cholangiocyte [H‐69 and human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell line (HIBEpiC)] and cholangiocarcinoma (Mz‐ChA‐1, HuH‐28, TFK‐1, SG231, CCLP1 and HuCC‐T1) cell lines as such secretin is mitogenic for normal cholangiocytes and antiproliferative for cholangiocarcinoma. As expected in normal cholangiocytes (HIBEpiC), secretin increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. However, the effect of secretin on intracellular cAMP levels was suppressed in Mz‐ChA‐1 cells. Secretin‐stimulated intracellular cAMP levels in Mz‐ChA‐1 were restored by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, suggesting that the receptor coupled to Gαi rather than Gαs. SCTR expression was found to be downregulated in 4 of the 6 cholangiocarcinoma cell lines evaluated and in human cholangiocarcinoma biopsy samples. In vivo, secretin significantly inhibited the tumor size and more than doubled tumor latency, which was associated with a decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen and an increase in cleaved‐caspase 3 expression levels. Our results demonstrate that secretin and/or the modulation of SCTR expression might have potential as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Autoantibody potential of cancer therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
Authors: McIntyre John A. , Faulk and W. Page 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe and others have reported that multiple autoantibodies are unmasked in human polyclonal antibody preparations after exposure to physiological oxidizing agents (hemin) or electromotive force. We now have asked if oxidation unmasks autoantibody reactivities in monoclonal antibodies (mAb). To do this, we have studied 9 FDA approved mAb used therapeutically, including 4 chimeric, 4 humanized and 1 chemically modified chimeric Fab that were exposed to the physiological oxidizing agent hemin at 36°C for 20 hr. These mAb were studied for autoantibody activity to phospholipids and DNA before and after oxidation with hemin and found to develop autoantibody activities after oxidation, while retaining their original specificity as measured by mAb anti‐glycophorin A binding of erythrocytes, CD 19 binding to B lymphocytes and anti‐HLA‐A29 binding to A29‐positive lymphocytes. The finding that certain mAb have the potential to unmask autoantibody activities as a consequence of exposure to physiological redox reactionsin vitrogives pause to our present understanding of the immunological basis of tolerance and concern for potential autoimmune side effects in patients receiving mAb for diagnosis or treatment.
Large Bayesian vector auto regressions
Authors: Bańbura Marta , Giannone Domenico , Reichlin Lucrezia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper shows that vector auto regression (VAR) with Bayesian shrinkage is an appropriate tool for large dynamic models. We build on the results of De Mol and co‐workers (2008) and show that, when the degree of shrinkage is set in relation to the cross‐sectional dimension, the forecasting performance of small monetary VARs can be improved by adding additional macroeconomic variables and sectoral information. In addition, we show that large VARs with shrinkage produce credible impulse responses and are suitable for structural analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.