bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoconductivity of thermal-sprayed silver-containing hydroxyapatite coating in the rat tibia
Authors: Yonekura Y. , Miyamoto H. , Shimazaki T. , Ando Y. , Noda I. , Mawatari M. , Hotokebuchi T. 
Published: April 2011

A silver-containing hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) coating has been developed using thermal spraying technology. We evaluated the osteoconductivity of this coating on titanium (Ti) implants in rat tibiae in relation to bacterial infection in joint replacement.At 12 weeks, the mean affinity indices of bone formation of a Ti, an HA, a 3%Ag-HA and a 50%Ag-HA coating were 97.3%, 84.9%, 81.0% and 40.5%, respectively. The mean affinity indices of bone contact of these four coatings were 18.8%, 83.7%, 77.2% and 40.5%, respectively. The indices of bone formation and bone contact around the implant of the 3%Ag-HA coating were similar to those of the HA coating, and no significant differences were found between them (bone formation, p = 0.99; bone contact, p = 0.957). However, inhibition of bone formation was observed with the 50%Ag-HA coating.These results indicate that the 3%Ag-HA coating has low toxicity and good osteoconductivity, and that the effect of silver toxicity on osteoconductivity depends on the dose.
The position and orientation of total knee replacement components
Authors: Hirschmann M. T. , Konala P. , Amsler F. , Iranpour F. , Friederich N. F. , Cobb J. P. 
Published: April 2011

We studied the intra- and interobserver reliability of measurements of the position of the components after total knee replacement (TKR) using a combination of radiographs and axial two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed CT images to identify which method is best for this purpose. A total of 30 knees after primary TKR were assessed by two independent observers (an orthopaedic surgeon and a radiologist) using radiographs and CT scans. Plain radiographs were highly reliable at measuring the tibial slope, but showed wide variability for all other measurements; 2D-CT also showed wide variability. 3D-CT was highly reliable, even when measuring rotation of the femoral components, and significantly better than 2D-CT. Interobserver variability in the measurements on radiographs were good (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.65 to 0.82), but rotational measurements on 2D-CT were poor (ICC 0.29). On 3D-CT they were near perfect (ICC 0.89 to 0.99), and significantly more reliable than 2D-CT (p < 0.001). 3D-reconstructed images are sufficiently reliable to enable reporting of the position and orientation of the components. Rotational measurements in particular should be performed on 3D-reconstructed CT images. When faced with a poorly functioning TKR with concerns over component positioning, we recommend 3D-CT as the investigation of choice.
Cross-linkedversusconventional polyethylene for total hip replacement
Authors: Kuzyk P. R. T. , Saccone M. , Sprague S. , Simunovic N. , Bhandari M. , Schemitsch E. H. 
Published: April 2011

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing cross-linked with conventional polyethylene liners for total hip replacement in order to determine whether these liners reduce rates of wear, radiological evidence of osteolysis and the need for revision. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and COCHRANE databases were searched from their inception to May 2010 for all trials involving the use of cross-linked polyethylene in total hip replacement. Eligibility for inclusion in the review included the random allocation of treatments, the use of cross-linked and conventional polyethylene, and radiological wear as an outcome measure. The pooled mean differences were calculated for bedding-in, linear wear rate, three-dimensional linear wear rate, volumetric wear rate and total linear wear. Pooled risk ratios were calculated for radiological osteolysis and revision hip replacement. A search of the literature identified 194 potential studies, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. All reported a significant reduction in radiological wear for cross-linked polyethylene.The pooled mean differences for linear rate of wear, three-dimensional linear rate of wear, volumetric wear rate and total linear wear were all significantly reduced for cross-linked polyethylene. The risk ratio for radiological osteolysis was 0.40 (95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.58; I2= 0%), favouring cross-linked polyethylene. The follow-up was not long enough to show a difference in the need for revision surgery.
Mechanical failure of the Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor in limb lengthening
Authors: Burghardt R. D. , Herzenberg J. E. , Specht S. C. , Paley D. 
Published: April 2011

Between October 2001 and September 2009 we lengthened 242 lower-limb segments in 180 patients using the Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor (ISKD). Mechanical failure was defined either as breakage of the ISKD or failure of the internal mechanism to activate. Retrieved nails which failed mechanically were examined by the manufacturer for defects. In all, 15 ISKDs in 12 patients (13 limbs) failed mechanically representing an overall failure rate of 6.2%, with fracture of the device occurring in ten of the 15 failures. Two nails in one patient failed to lengthen and had to be replaced. The manufacturer detected an error in the assembly of the nail, which prompted a wide recall. One nail jammed after being forcefully inserted, and two nails failed to lengthen fully. Lengthening was achieved in all 12 patients, although three required a second operation to exchange a defective nail for a new, functioning device. The ISKD is a complex mechanical device which lengthens by the oscillation of two telescopic sections connected by a threaded rod. The junction between these sections is surrounded by a keyring collar. This keyring collar is the weakest part of the device.
The effect of HIV on early wound healing in open fractures treated with internal and external fixation
Authors: Aird J. , Noor S. , Lavy C. , Rollinson P. 
Published: April 2011

There are 33 million people worldwide currently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This complex disease affects many of the processes involved in wound and fracture healing, and there is little evidence available to guide the management of open fractures in these patients. Fears of acute and delayed infection often inhibit the use of fixation, which may be the most effective way of achieving union. This study compared fixation of open fractures in HIV-positive and -negative patients in South Africa, a country with very high rates of both HIV and high-energy trauma. A total of 133 patients (33 HIV-positive) with 135 open fractures fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This cohort is three times larger than in any similar previously published study. The results suggest that HIV is not a contraindication to internal or external fixation of open fractures in this population, as HIV is not a significant risk factor for acute wound/implant infection. However, subgroup analysis of grade I open fractures in patients with advanced HIV and a low CD4 count (< 350) showed an increased risk of infection; we suggest that grade I open fractures in patients with advanced HIV should be treated by early debridement followed by fixation at an appropriate time.
Unnecessary contraindications for mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee replacement
Authors: Pandit H. , Jenkins C. , Gill H. S. , Smith G. , Price A. J. , Dodd C. A. F. , Murray D. W. 
Published: April 2011

The contraindications for unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) remain controversial. The views of many surgeons are based on Kozinn and Scott’s 1989 publication which stated that patients who weighed more than 82 kg, were younger than 60 years, undertook heavy labour, had exposed bone in the patellofemoral joint or chondrocalcinosis, were not ideal candidates for UKR. Our aim was to determine whether these potential contraindications should apply to patients with a mobile-bearing UKR. In order to do this the outcome of patients with these potential contraindications was compared with that of patients without the contraindications in a prospective series of 1000 UKRs. The outcome was assessed using the Oxford knee score, the American Knee Society score, the Tegner activity score, revision rate and survival. The clinical outcome of patients with each of the potential contraindications was similar to or better than those without each contraindication. Overall, 678 UKRs (68%) were performed in patients who had at least one potential contraindication and only 322 (32%) in patients deemed to be ideal. The survival at ten years was 97.0% (95% confidence interval 93.4 to 100.0) for those with potential contraindications and 93.6% (95% confidence interval 87.2 to 100.0) in the ideal patients. We conclude that the thresholds proposed by Kozinn and Scott using weight, age, activity, the state of the patellofemoral joint and chondrocalcinosis should not be considered to be contraindications for the use of the Oxford UKR.
Unsuspected reason for sciatica in Bertolotti’s syndrome
Authors: Shibayama M. , Ito F. , Miura Y. , Nakamura S. , Ikeda S. , Fujiwara K. 
Published: April 2011

Patients with Bertolotti’s syndrome have characteristic lumbosacral anomalies and often have severe sciatica. We describe a patient with this syndrome in whom standard decompression of the affected nerve root failed, but endoscopic lumbosacral extraforaminal decompression relieved the symptoms. We suggest that the intractable sciatica in this syndrome could arise from impingement of the nerve root extraforaminally by compression caused by the enlarged transverse process.
„internet library sub-saharan Africa“ (ilissAfrica): Bilanz einer Virtuellen Fachbibliothek
Authors: Bergenthum Hartmut 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Seit Juni 2009 bietet die Virtuelle Fachbibliothek „internet library sub-saharan Africa“ (ilissAfrica) Wissenschaftlern und an Afrika Interessierten Hilfsmittel zur Literatur- und Webseitensuche. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Funktionalitäten des Portals, widmet sich aber vor allem den Besonderheiten. Zum Ende der Projektförderung wird hiermit eine erste Bilanz des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) drei Jahre lang geförderten Projektes gezogen: Rückmeldungen von Nutzern und Zugriffe aus aller Welt belegen, dass das Konzept eines kompakten und leicht verständlichen Portals in den drei Sprachen Deutsch, Englisch und Französisch aufgegangen ist. Die europäische Vernetzung wird vorangetrieben, und das Angebot erweist sich auch für Forscher in Afrika als nützlich. Die Verankerung im Web2.0 zeitigt erste kleinere Erfolge. Die Teilnahme am Academic LinkShare-Verbund hat sich bei der kooperativen Katalogisierung von Websites merklich ausgezahlt. Anfängliche (vor allem technische) Schwierigkeiten konnten in relativ kurzer Zeit überwunden werden. Trotz der heterogenitätsbedingten Schwächen – mit der auch andere Konkurrenzangebote leben müssen – fällt die Bilanz in der Summe positiv aus.
Interdiffusion Phenomena of Zirconia-Nitride Layers on Coated AISI 310 Steel
Authors: Gómez Bernardo J. , Nachez Lucas , Caruso Ricardo , Díaz-Parralejo Antonio , Feugeas Jorge N. , de Sanctis Oscar 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Duplex coatings on stainless steel American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 310 were prepared by a double process consisting of a plasma nitriding treatment and a multilayer ZrO2-3 mol % Y2O3 coating grown by chemical solution deposition. In this paper we investigate the interdiffusion phenomena between the elements and the deposited phases. The zirconia coating process over the nitrided steel initiated strong diffusion events. Hydrogen diffuses easily throughout the coating and acts as a reducing agent. The layer of zirconia works as a sieve, retaining nitrogen and allowing the passage of hydrogen. The contribution of this study show the interdiffusion at the interfaces of elements in samples subjected to treatments known as duplex coatings.
Efficient TCAD Model for the Evolution of Interstitial Clusters, {311} Defects, and Dislocation Loops in Silicon
Authors: Zographos Nikolas , Zechner Christoph , Avci Ibrahim 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe simulation of deep-submicron silicon-device manufacturing processes relies on predictive models for extended defect clusters. For submicroscopic interstitial clusters and {311} defects, an efficient and highly accurate model for process simulation has been developed and calibrated recently [1]. This model combines equations for three small interstitial clusters and two moments for {311} defects. In this work, we extend this model to include dislocation loops and to reproduce a greatly increased range of experimental data, including thermal annealing of end-of-range defects after amorphizing implants.
Modeling Ultra Shallow Junctions Formed by Phosphorus-Carbon and Boron-Carbon Co-implantation
Authors: Zechner Christoph , Matveev Dmitri , Zographos Nikolas , Moroz Victor , Pawlak Bartek 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new carbon-interstitial clustering model has been developed. The model has been implemented into the process simulator Sentaurus Process. Model parameters have been calibrated using fundamental marker layer experiments. B diffusion retardation in the C doped layer as well as Sb diffusion enhancement in the region close to a layer with high C concentration are successfully simulated. The calibrated model has been applied to simulations of ultra-shallow junction formation by high dose P-C and B-C co-implantation. It is assumed that, in regions which are amorphized by ion implantation and recrystallized by solid phase epitaxy, C is in the substitutional state right after the recrystallization. In contrast, in non-amorphized regions, C is assumed to be in clusters at the beginning of thermal annealing. A good agreement between simulation and experimental results has been achieved. The dependence of dopant diffusion on implanted C dose and spike annealing temperature has been reproduced.
How Do Employers React to a Pay-or-Play Mandate? Early Evidence from San Francisco
Authors: Colla Carrie H , Dow William H , Dube Arindrajit 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In 2008 San Francisco implemented major health reform, becoming the first city to adopt a pay-or-play employer health spending mandate. It also created Healthy San Francisco, a new “public option” low-cost health access plan for the uninsured. This study evaluates employer-level health benefit offering responses to the pay-or-play mandate in the first year of implementation using the 2008 Bay Area Employer Health Benefits Survey and a difference-in-difference estimator. Although 92% of firms subject to the mandate already offered insurance prior to enactment, we find that 76% of firms had to expand benefits to comply with the minimum hourly spending requirement for each worker. Nevertheless, most surveyed San Francisco employers (61%) were supportive of the law. There is substantial employer demand for the public option, with 18% of firms using Healthy San Francisco for at least some employees, yet there is little evidence of firms dropping or restricting existing insurance offerings in the first year after implementation. A non-trivial portion of firms chose to meet the mandate by paying into health reimbursement accounts (14%). These results confirm that employer mandate details can have crucial effects on employer behavior. While there are important geographic and political characteristics of San Francisco that are important to bear in mind, San Francisco’s early experience suggests that implementation of a strong pay-or-play mandate is indeed feasible.
Functions of Compulsions in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Starcevic Vladan , Berle David , Brakoulias Vlasios , Sammut Peter , Moses Karen , Milicevic Denise , Hannan Anthony 
Published: April 2011

Objectives: The key function of compulsions in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is to alleviate anxiety or distress caused by the obsessions, but compulsions may also have other functions. The main aim of this study was to systematically ascertain what motivates individuals with OCD to perform compulsions. Method: A total of 108 adults with OCD were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Functions of Compulsions Interview. The latter instrument elicits the functions of identified compulsions. Results: The functions of 218 compulsions were identified. The mean number of functions per compulsion in the whole sample was 2.94 and the vast majority of compulsions (85.3%) were performed for more than one reason. The total number of functions of compulsions endorsed for the three main compulsions correlated with Y-BOCS total scores (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). Compulsions were most frequently performed automatically and to decrease distress or anxiety, but there was substantial variation, depending on the type of compulsion. Hoarding was often performed for reasons not related to any other compulsion (involving a perceived need for collected objects), whereas ordering/symmetry/repeating compulsions were frequently performed to achieve a ‘just right’ feeling. Checking was frequently performed because of the belief that something bad or unpleasant would happen if one failed to check; washing/cleaning compulsions were most frequently performed to decrease distress or anxiety and automatically, and mental compulsions were performed automatically far more often than for other reasons. Conclusions: The majority of compulsions have more than one function and they are often performed automatically. The finding of different functions of compulsions in different types of compulsions provides some support to the subtyping of OCD on the basis of obsessions and compulsions. Identifying functions of compulsions allows better understanding of the functional relationship between obsessions and compulsions, which may have implications for cognitive-behavioural therapy of OCD.
Odeurs et dimension hédonique à travers le prisme des adjectifs
Authors: Vassiliadou Hélène , Lammert Marie 
Published: April 2011

Notre étude consacrée à la dimension hédonique des odeurs s’appuie sur l’analyse des adjectifs, postposés et antéposés, qui qualifient le nom odeur(s) . Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes appuyées sur un corpus extrait de Frantext et analysé par le concordancier Oxford Wordsmith (2 583 occurrences). Notre attention porte plus particulièrement sur les liens entre les adjectifs hédoniques et leur position par rapport au nom ainsi que sur la question des propriétés des odeurs et de l’existence de types d’odeurs. Différentes sous-classes, véhiculant des traits supplémentaires, se dégagent à l’intérieur des adjectifs hédoniques, spécifiant des effets (agressive/caressante) , des propriétés (amère/chaude) , de l’intensité (forte/fade) . Classer et expliquer les combinaisons possibles du mot odeur avec des adjectifs permet de confirmer et/ou d’infirmer les résultats obtenus dans les études antérieures, mais aussi d’apporter de nouvelles données dans la description des odeurs.
Le talent des managers de proximité
Authors: Ruiller Caroline 
Published: April 2011

Résumé L’importance du concept de soutien social ne cesse de croître depuis les travaux fondateurs de Caplan (1974). Ce construit fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches empiriques dans des disciplines différentes (sociologie, psychologie, épidémiologie, gestion des ressources humaines…). Il se complexifie depuis une dizaine d’années (intentions de comportements de soutien effectifs, perception du soutien du point de vue du receveur, types de soutien, réciprocité) (Hupcey, 1998). Les instruments de mesure sont nombreux et font l’objet d’affinements. Nous avons choisi de nous intéresser aux agents du secteur hospitalier pour proposer un modèle du soutien social au travail et pour développer une échelle de mesure de la perception du soutien social. Nous présentons les 17 items développés sur la base d’une étude qualitative (62 entretiens), ainsi que la démarche de purification de la mesure (n = 171). Deux sources de soutien social sont appréciées : le manager de proximité et les membres de l’équipe de travail. Nous intégrons les résultats des recherches menées sur le soutien organisationnel, le soutien social dans les modèles interactionnistes du stress et les travaux fondateurs pour structurer notre objet de recherche. Nous étudions la nature des ressources échangées dans les relations de soutien au travail. L’analyse de contenu par thématiques et la démarche de purification de la mesure font ressortir deux modèles. En termes de résultats, nous constatons que les attentes de soutien des salariés sont principalement émotionnelles et d’estime. Les managers de proximité reconnaissent des comportements de soutien ayant vocation à favoriser l’efficacité organisationnelle.
Increased Th2 Cytokine Secretion, Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation, and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Neurturin-Deficient Mice
Authors: Michel Tatiana , Thérésine Maud , Poli Aurélie , Domingues Olivia , Ammerlaan Wim , Brons Nicolaas H. C. , Hentges François , Zimmer Jacques 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor have been described to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Neurturin (NTN), another neurotrophin from the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family, was shown to be produced by human immune cells: monocytes, B cells, and T cells. Furthermore, it was previously described that the secretion of inflammatory cytokines was dramatically stimulated in NTN knockout (NTN−/−) mice. NTN is structurally similar to TGF-β, a protective cytokine in airway inflammation. This study investigates the implication of NTN in a model of allergic airway inflammation using NTN−/− mice. The bronchial inflammatory response of OVA-sensitized NTN−/− mice was compared with wild-type mice. Airway inflammation, Th2 cytokines, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were examined. NTN−/− mice showed an increase of OVA-specific serum IgE and a pronounced worsening of inflammatory features. Eosinophil number and IL-4 and IL-5 concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were increased. In parallel, Th2 cytokine secretion of lung draining lymph node cells was also augmented when stimulated by OVA in vitro. Furthermore, AHR was markedly enhanced in NTN−/− mice after sensitization and challenge when compared with wild-type mice. Administration of NTN before challenge with OVA partially rescues the phenotype of NTN−/− mice. These findings provide evidence for a dampening role of NTN on allergic inflammation and AHR in a murine model of asthma.