bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of asynchronous and clustered dynamics in noisy inhibitory neural networks
Authors: Feld Yannick , Hartmann Alexander K , Torcini Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A regime of coexistence of asynchronous and clustered dynamics is analysed for globally coupled homogeneous and heterogeneous inhibitory networks of quadratic integrate-and-fire (QIF) neurons subject to Gaussian noise. The analysis is based on accurate extensive simulations and complemented by a mean-field description in terms of low-dimensional next generation neural mass models for heterogeneously distributed synaptic couplings. The asynchronous regime is observable at low noise and becomes unstable via a sub-critical Hopf bifurcation at sufficiently large noise. This gives rise to a coexistence region between the asynchronous and the clustered regime. The clustered phase is characterised by population bursts in the γ-range (30–120 Hz), where neurons are split in two equally populated clusters firing in alternation. This clustering behaviour is quite peculiar: despite the global activity being essentially periodic, single neurons display switching between the two clusters due to heterogeneity and/or noise.
Green-Kubo paralell tempering molecular dynamics determination of the thermal conductivity for the wurtzite ZnO: statistical problems of the method
Authors: Alonso-Herrera C A , Mixteco-Sánchez J C , Garibay-Alonso R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The thermal conductivity for the wurtzite ZnO is determined in the temperature range from 300 to 1100 K by using parallel tempering molecular dynamics within the Green-Kubo approach and a classical Morse-Born-Mayer-Coulomb hybrid interaction potential. Compared to other previous calculations for the thermal conductivity of common crystals within the same Green-Kubo and molecular dynamics approach, the used parallel tempering scheme shows some appealing improvements in the calculation of the time self-correlation of the heat flux vector, although at the price of using a relatively large number of total computational steps. However, in spite of the found improvements for the calculation of the self-correlation of the heat flux vector, some statistical problems on this point remain on the particular application of the method. Finally, even with the presence of a clear statistical noise, the obtained values and temperature trend of the calculated thermal conductivity shows the classical 1/T decaying behavior reported in previous works for wurtzite ZnO and other related semiconductor systems using the alternative Boltzmann transport equation theory.
Double ferromagnetic barriers resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) based on the surface of a topological insulator
Authors: Vali Mehran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), which are based on double barrier quantum well structures, are typically achieved by combining different materials with varying band gap sizes. However, this approach often poses challenges such as material mismatching and dislocations. In this study, we present a novel resonant tunneling diode scheme utilizing the unique properties of topological insulator materials. Specifically, we exploit the gap opening in the band structure of the topological insulator by employing perpendicular magnetization. In this proposed RTD platform, the barrier regions are formed from a ferromagnetic topological insulator through the proximity effect. By adjusting the thickness and spacing of the ferromagnetic barriers, a well region with confined states emerges between the barrier regions. Theoretical analysis reveals that by tuning the back gate voltage, the I-V characteristics exhibit two significant behaviors: negative differential resistance (NDR) and step-like behavior for Fermi energy values of EF = −3 and EF = 3, respectively. Furthermore, we observe an increase in the peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) with higher magnetization values. Notably, the PVR reaches a value of 7.13 for a magnetization value of m = 9. Additionally, we investigate the influence of the well width and barrier thickness on the transport properties of the device.
Influence of pressure on structural, electronic, optical, and elastic properties of lead-free chalcogen perovskite LaLuS3 via first-principles calculations: implications for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Ullah Sana , Mu Yanqi , Xie Guancai , Gong Jian Ru 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chalcogen perovskites have garnered increasing attention as promising materials for optoelectronic applications. In this study, we employed the first-principles method to investigate the structural, electronic, optical, and elastic properties of LaLuS3 under hydrostatic pressure at various levels. Through a thorough analysis of the calculated electronic structures, we observed that LaLuS3 exhibits direct band gaps, with the magnitudes of these gaps changing as the pressure varied. Specifically, the band gaps decrease by 2.19 eV, 2.025 eV, 1.365 eV, and 0.6043 eV at hydrostatic pressures of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% GPa, respectively. Furthermore, we observed shifts in the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum positions, indicating the potential of LaLuS3 for perovskite-based devices. This suggests that external pressure can serve as a powerful tool for designing new functional materials with intriguing properties. Our investigation also revealed promising optical properties of LaLuS3 under high pressures, further affirming its potential for optoelectronic and solar cell applications. The optical functions of the material are enhanced with increasing pressure, particularly in the ultraviolet range, highlighting its suitability for a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Moreover, while maintaining mechanical stability, hydrostatic pressure exerts a significant influence on the mechanical properties of LaLuS3. Lastly, our calculations on anisotropy demonstrate that applied pressure can enhance the anisotropic nature of LaLuS3. This comprehensive study underscores the efficacy of hydrostatic pressure as a systematic approach to modifying the photovoltaic performance of chalcogen perovskites.
Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films grown on off-axis sapphire substrates by LPCVD using Ga-Sn alloy solid source
Authors: Yang Han , Wu Songhao , Ma Chicheng , Liu Zichun , Liu Liwei , Zhang Yiyun , Ma Yuan Xiao , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Wang Yeliang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Adopting low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films were heteroepitaxially grown on c-plane sapphire substrates with off-axis angles towards 〈11–20〉 direction. The influences of off-axis angle on crystal structures, electrical properties, surface morphology, and chemical compositions were thoroughly investigated. As a result, the crystallinity of the β-Ga2O3 films is improved with increasing off-axis angles because in-plane rotational domains are effectively suppressed, demonstrating a full width at half maximum (FWHM) down to 0.64°. Correspondingly, the Hall carrier mobility is promoted from 4.7 to 17.9 cm2/V·s at carrier concentration of 9 × 1017 cm−3, which is believed highly competitive among reported Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 films by LPCVD. These results demonstrate an alternative pathway to heteroepitaxially grow high electrical quality n-doped β-Ga2O3 films for the advancement of Ga2O3 materials and devices.
Stark broadening of Pd II spectral lines
Authors: Dimitrijević Milan S , Christova Magdalena D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Stark widths for 47 spectral lines of singly charged palladium ion (Pd II) have been calculated with the help of the modified semiempirical method. The calculations have been performed for an electron density of 1017 cm−3 and for a temperature range from 5 000 K up to 80 000 K. Employing the obtained results, we investigated the influence of Stark broadening in Pd II spectra of DB and DO white dwarfs as well as A type stars. Moreover, similarities and regularities of Stark widths of Pd II spectral lines within a multiplet, a supermultiplet and a transition array have been discussed.
Exact solutions and bifurcations for the (3+1)-dimensional generalized KdV-ZK equation
Authors: Song Yunjia , Ma Yanzhi , Yang Ben , Wang Zenggui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a class of (3+1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg–de Vries-Zakharov-Kuznetsov (KdV-ZK) equation is studied by utilizing the bifurcation theory of the planar dynamical systems and the Fan sub-function method. This model can be used to explain the effects of magnetic fields on weakly nonlinear ion-acoustic waves investigated in plasma fields composed of cold and hot electrons. Under the different parameter conditions, the phase portraits and bifurcations are derived, and new exact solutions including soliton, periodic, kink and breaking wave solutions for the model are constructed. Moreover, some exact solutions, which contain soliton, kink, trigonometric function, hyperbolic function, Jacobi elliptic function solutions, are derived via the improved Fan sub-function method. The types of solutions obtained completely correspond to the types of the orbits acquired above, which verifies the validity of the method. Finally, the physical structures of some exact solutions are analyzed in graphical forms.
The preparation and magnetic properties of FeSiCr/MoS2 soft magnetic composites
Authors: Li Nuolin , Feng Shuangjiu , Kan Xucai , Liu Xiansong , Zhang Cong , Zhu Yong , Chi ShangPeng , Sun Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional layered material MoS2 was used as a high-resistance insulating material and coated on FeSiCr magnetic powder, and FeSiCr/MoS2 composites with low loss and high permeability were successfully prepared. The morphology and magnetic properties of FeSiCr/MoS2 composites were analyzed by XRD, SEM and B-H analyzer. The results show that although the addition of MoS2 will dilute the magnetic properties of FeSiCr, it still has high permeability and obviously reduces the magnetic loss of FeSiCr powder. At the same time, the addition of MoS2 also improves the frequency stability and quality factor of the composite powder cores. Especially, when the MoS2 content is 1.5 wt%, FeSiCr/MoS2 composites show the best magnetic properties after annealing at 500 °C. with a loss of 330 mW cm−3 and permeability of 66.75 (B
m = 20 mT and f = 1000 kHz). It can be seen that the MoS2 coating has a good effect on reducing the magnetic loss of powder core, which significantly improves the possibility of application of SMCs at high frequency.
Highly efficient MIM based SPR sensor for glucose detection using blueP/WS2 layers
Authors: Sarafraz Hadis , Noori Mina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, a highly efficient surface plasmon resonance sensor for glucose detection in urine biosamples is presented. The proposed structure with the Ag-Si-Ag configuration was investigated and optimized using the transfer matrix method. In addition, blueP/WS2 and ZnO layers were implemented to further improve the sensitivity of the sensor by light-mater interaction enhancement in the sensing layer. The multilayer configuration of the optimized sensor consists of SiO2 prism /ZnO /Ag1/ Si/Ag2 /ZnO /blueP/WS2 layers, respectively and operates at λ = 633 nm. Different glucose concentrations of 0 to 15 mg dl−1 (for non-diabetic person), 0.625 gm dl−1, 1.25 gm/dL, 2.5 gm/dL, 5 gm/dL, and 10 gm dl−1 (for diabetic body), with refractive indices of 1.335, 1.336, 1.337, 1.338, 1.341, and 1.347, respectively have been regarded and the qualification parameters of S = 320 deg/RIU, FWHM = 1.5767 deg, FOM = 215.99 RIU−1, and minimum reflectance of 0.0318 have been evaluated. We believe that the proposed sensor could pave the way to easy and accurate detection of glucose concentration which is vital in control or treatment of diabetes.
A double take on early and interacting dark energy from JWST
Authors: Forconi Matteo , Giarè William , Mena Olga , Ruchika  , Valentino Eleonora Di , Melchiorri Alessandro , Nunes Rafael C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe very first light captured by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) revealed a population of galaxies at very high redshifts more massive than expected in the canonical ΛCDM model of structure formation. Barring, among others, a systematic origin of the issue, in this paper, we test alternative cosmological perturbation histories. We argue that models with a larger matter component Ωmand/or a larger scalar spectral indexnscan substantially improve the fit to JWST measurements. In this regard, phenomenological extensions related to the dark energy sector of the theory are appealing alternatives, with Early Dark Energy emerging as an excellent candidate to explain (at least in part) the unexpected JWST preference for larger stellar mass densities. Conversely, Interacting Dark Energy models, despite producing higher values of matter clustering parameters such asσ8, are generally disfavored by JWST measurements. This is due to the energy-momentum flow from the dark matter to the dark energy sector, implying a smaller matter energy density. Upcoming observations may either strengthen the evidence or falsify some of these appealing phenomenological alternatives to the simplest ΛCDM picture.
CSST Dense Star Field Preparation: A Framework for Astrometry and Photometry for Dense Star Field Images Obtained by the China Space Station Telescope (CSST)
Authors: Wang Yining , Sun Rui , Deng Tianyuan , Zhao Chenghui , Zhao Peixuan , Yang Jiayi , Jia Peng , Liu Huigen , Zhou Jilin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The China Space Station Telescope (CSST) is a telescope with 2 m diameter, obtaining images with high quality through wide-field observations. In its first observation cycle, to capture time-domain observation data, the CSST is proposed to observe the Galactic halo across different epochs. These data have significant potential for the study of properties of stars and exoplanets. However, the density of stars in the Galactic center is high, and it is a well-known challenge to perform astrometry and photometry in such a dense star field. This paper presents a deep learning-based framework designed to process dense star field images obtained by the CSST, which includes photometry, astrometry, and classifications of targets according to their light curve periods. With simulated CSST observation data, we demonstrate that this deep learning framework achieves photometry accuracy of 2% and astrometry accuracy of 0.03 pixel for stars with moderate brightness mag = 24 (i band), surpassing results obtained by traditional methods. Additionally, the deep learning based light curve classification algorithm could pick up celestial targets whose magnitude variations are 1.7 times larger than magnitude variations brought by Poisson photon noise. We anticipate that our framework could be effectively used to process dense star field images obtained by the CSST.
Runaway electron plateau current profile reconstruction from synchrotron imaging and Ar-II line polarization angle measurements in DIII-D
Authors: Marini C. , Hollmann E.M. , Tang S.W. , Herfindal J.L. , Shiraki D. , Wilcox R.S. , del-Castillo-Negrete D. , Yang M. , Eidietis N. , Hoppe M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Current profile reconstructions are obtained for high current (

I
p

≃
550

kA) post-disruption runaway electron (RE) plateau plasmas in DIII-D. Two novel methods of measuring the RE current profile in high-current RE plateaus are introduced and compared: localization of the q = 2 rational surface using visible synchrotron emission (SE) imaging and the measurement of the polarization angle of line-integrated Ar-II line emission. The two methods are found to be consistent with each other within the data uncertainties. Different simulations of the RE current profile are compared with the measurements: the toroidal fluid RE model is found to best fit the data, within the measurement uncertainties. In addition to introducing two novel methods to measure the RE current profile and validating present simulation capabilities, this work demonstrates that instabilities can grow at q = 2 and q = 1 surfaces without necessarily causing a RE final loss instability. Numerical simulations are also presented to elucidate the role of these instabilities on synchrotron emission.
Neutron spectroscopy for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy beams characterization
Authors: Monti V. , Costa M. , Durisi E. , Mafucci E. , Calamida A. , Castro Campoy A.I. , Fontanilla A. , Russo L. , Bedogni R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a therapeutic treatment for malignant tumors that utilizes the nuclear reactions that happen when thermal neutrons are captured by boron-10 atoms to selectively destroy designated cells. Boron-10 atoms are biochemically accumulated inside the tumor target, which is then irradiated with thermal neutrons.
In recent years, the possibility to obtain accelerator based intense neutron beams has given a boost to the diffusion of BNCT also in Europe, removing the need of nuclear reactors. In this contest, the monitoring and characterization of the epithermal neutron beams dedicated to BNCT becomes an important issue.
The directional neutron spectrometer called NCT-WES (Neutron Capture Therapy Wide Energy Spectrometer) is a single moderator neutron spectrometer composed of a polyethylene cylinder embedding six semiconductor-based detectors positioned at different depths along the cylinder axes. The position of the six detectors is studied in order to maximize the response of each one in a selected neutron energy range. The unfolding of the six simultaneous readings allows to reconstruct the incoming neutron energy spectrum as in a parallelized Bonner Sphere System. A cylindrical collimator situated in the front of the spectrometer makes the instrument sensitive to neutrons coming only from a given direction, which allows to exclude the contribution of the room scattered radiation. The experimental validation of the spectrometer, obtained through several measuring campaigns, is reported and discussed.
The suitability of various recording methods and devices for registration of seismic signals
Authors: Chilingaryan R.Y. , Khachatryan H.F. , Mkhitaryan S.A. , Hovhannisyan M.A. , Antonyan A.P. , Minasyan A.M. , Drmeyan H.R. , Karapetyan J.K. , Hovhannisyan S.M. , Mkrtchyan A.H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Analytical study and summarization of dynamic and frequency characteristics of the seismic-acoustic vibrations originated by the near and distant earthquakes and other natural and artificial seismic processes, as well as information analyses of their duration and repetition were done. These allow the formulation of appropriate technical requirements for seismic recording devices, as well as to analyze and evaluate the possibilities of implementing various methods and devices for recording signals from different seismic-acoustic processes depending also on the seismological and other tasks to be solved and various additional specific requirements.

It has been shown, that although the introduction of various methods and devices for the digital recording of seismic signals substantially increased during the last decades in seismology, however, it is not even possible to record seismic signals in their entire possible amplitude-frequency ranges employing a single digital recording device too.

It also has been confirmed that the widespread usage of digital recording, transmission, machine processing, and analyzing of seismic signals in most contemporary seismic stations does not reduce the value and does not eliminate the need, but, on the contrary, assumes the conduction of simultaneous analog visible registration of seismic processes to obtain express controlling visible records, provide operational manual express analysis of seismograms.
Compressing of experimental and simulated results of electron beam interaction with FFF-printed samples
Authors: Bushmina E. , Bulavskaya A. , Grigorieva A. , Miloichikova I. , Saburov V. , Stuchebrov S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One of the important parameters characterizing the interaction of electron beams with matter is the depth dose distribution. To develop a new approach for shaping electron beams using specially created materials suitable for the manufacture of complex 3D-printed devices, it is necessary to analyze the features of ionizing radiation propagation. In this work, numerical simulations and experimental studies of the interaction between electron beams and plastic materials weighted with metallic impurities of different concentrations, suitable for fabricating samples using the rapid prototyping method, were carried out. Sets of plates made from the investigated plastics were created using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. Since the FFF sample fabrication process involves forming objects from a thermoplastic mass through layer-by-layer alignment, a distinctive feature of the printed samples is their lower actual density compared to the density of the material (filament) from which they are made. Taking this fact into account, the actual density of the polymer plates was calculated. Based on this data, numerical models of the plastic materials weighted with metallic impurities were developed, and virtual models of the experimental setup were created to calculate the electron beam depth dose distributions in the materials. In the next step of the investigation, experimental studies were performed using electron beams with energies of 6 and 10 MeV. Pre-calibrated GafChromic EBT3 dosimetry films were used as detectors to obtain the experimental data on the electron beam depth dose distributions in the materials under consideration. It was observed that with an increasing concentration of metal impurities in the plastic base, the depth dose distribution moves into smaller thicknesses. It was observed that the simulation and experimental results are in good agreement.
The PMT system of the TRIDENT pathfinder experiment
Authors: Zhang Fuyudi , Hu Fan , Xian Shishen , Tian Wei , Jiang Kun , Li Wenlian , Liu Jianglai , Miao Peng , Sun Zhengyang , Tang Jiannan , Tang Zebo , Wang Mingxin , Wang Yan , Xu Donglian , Ye Ziping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Next generation neutrino telescopes are highly anticipated
to boost the development of neutrino astronomy. A
multi-cubic-kilometer neutrino telescope, TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino
Telescope (TRIDENT), was proposed to be built in the South China
Sea. The detector aims to achieve ∼ 0.1 degree angular
resolution for track-like events at energy above 100 TeV by using
hybrid digital optical modules, opening new opportunities for
neutrino astronomy. In order to measure the water optical properties
and marine environment of the proposed TRIDENT site, a pathfinder
experiment was conducted, in which a 100-meter-long string
consisting of three optical modules was deployed at a depth of
3420 m to perform in-situ measurements. The central
module emits light by housing LEDs, whereas the other two modules
detect light with two independent and complementary systems: the PMT
and the camera systems. By counting the number of detected photons
and analyzing the photon arrival time distribution, the PMT system
can measure the absorption and scattering lengths of sea water,
which serve as the basic inputs for designing the neutrino
telescope. In this paper, we present the design concept, calibration
and performance of the PMT system in the pathfinder experiment.