bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oesophageal cell collection device and biomarker testing to identify high-risk Barrett's patients requiring endoscopic investigation
Authors: Chien Siobhan , Glen Paul , Penman Ian , Cruickshank Neil , Bryce Gavin , Crumley Andrew , Phull Perminder , Miller Michael , Fletcher Jonathan , Gunjaca Ivan , Apollos Jeyakumar , Robertson Kevin , Fullarton Grant 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Barrett's oesophagus surveillance places significant burden on endoscopy services yet is vital to detect early cancerous change. Oesophageal cell collection device (OCCD) testing was introduced across Scotland for Barrett's surveillance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This national pragmatic retrospective study presents the CytoSCOT programme results and evaluates whether OCCD testing is successfully identifying high-risk Barrett's patients requiring urgent endoscopy.

Methods
All patients undergoing OCCD testing for Barrett's surveillance across 11 Scottish health boards over a 32-month period were identified. Patients who underwent endoscopy within 12 months of OCCD test were included. Individual patient records were interrogated to record clinical information and OCCD test result to categorize patients into risk groups. Endoscopic histopathology results were analysed according to risk group and segment length. Patients were deemed high risk if the OCCD test demonstrated atypia and/or p53 positivity.

Results
4204 OCCD tests were performed in 3745 patients: 608 patients underwent endoscopy within 12 months and were included in this analysis. Patients with longer Barrett's segments were significantly more likely to have an abnormal OCCD test. 50/608 patients (8.2%) had high-grade dysplasia or cancer on endoscopic biopsies: this equates to 1.3% of the total group (50/3745). 46/50 patients (92.0%) were deemed high risk, triggering urgent endoscopy: this rose to 100% with insufficient tests removed. There were no cancers diagnosed within 12 months post-OCCD in the low-risk group.

Conclusion
OCCD testing is an effective triage tool to identify high-risk patients with Barrett's oesophagus requiring further investigation with endoscopy within the real-world setting.
Qualitative investigation of disease course, characteristics and lived experience of generalized pustular psoriasis
Authors: Parks Emily A , Zaino Mallory L , Trettin Bettina , Feldman Steven R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a relapsing–remitting chronic disease characterized by painful pustules with systemic symptoms that has a negative impact on quality of life. The psychosocial and economic burden of this rare condition is not well characterized.

Objectives
To qualitatively characterize the cumulative burden of GPP on patients’ quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of patients with GPP was performed to collect demographic information, followed by prospective semistructured clinical interviews. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Three major themes were revealed: (i) burden of having a chronic disease with an unpredictable course, (ii) an inability to fulfil societal roles results in a loss of identity, and (iii) a physician–patient relationship grounded in trust and transparency can be invaluable in helping patients endure chronic disease.

Conclusions
GPP has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing. Impairments in daily function and mental health primarily affect patients during flares and influence behaviour during periods of quiescence. A strong patient–physician relationship may help mitigate the impact of GPP.
Caenorhabditis elegans Hedgehog-related proteins are tissue- and substructure-specific components of the cuticle and precuticle
Authors: Serra Nicholas D , Darwin Chelsea B , Sundaram Meera V 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, expanded families of divergent Hedgehog-related and patched-related proteins promote numerous processes ranging from epithelial and sense organ development to pathogen responses to cuticle shedding during the molt cycle. The molecular functions of these proteins have been mysterious since nematodes lack a canonical Hedgehog signaling pathway. Here we show that Hedgehog-related proteins are components of the cuticle and precuticle apical extracellular matrices that coat, shape, and protect external epithelia. Of four Hedgehog-related proteins imaged, two (GRL-2 and GRL-18) stably associated with the cuticles of specific tubes and two (GRL-7 and WRT-10) labeled precuticle substructures such as furrows or alae. We found that wrt-10 mutations disrupt cuticle alae ridges, consistent with a structural role in matrix organization. We hypothesize that most nematode Hedgehog-related proteins are apical extracellular matrix components, a model that could explain many of the reported functions for this family. These results highlight ancient connections between Hedgehog proteins and the extracellular matrix and suggest that any signaling roles of C. elegans Hedgehog-related proteins will be intimately related to their matrix association.
MRI and Blood-based Biomarkers Are Associated With Surgery in Children and Adults With Ileal Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Dillman Jonathan R , Tkach Jean A , Fletcher Joel G , Bruining David H , Lu Aiming , Kugathasan Subra , Alazraki Adina L , Knight-Scott Jack , Stidham Ryan W , Adler Jeremy , Trapnell Bruce C , Swanson Scott D , Fei Lin , Qian Lucia , Towbin Alexander J , Kocaoglu Murat , Anton Christopher G , Imbus Rebecca A , Dudley Jonathan A , Denson Lee A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite advances in medical therapy, many children and adults with ileal Crohn’s disease (CD) progress to fibrostenosis requiring surgery. We aimed to identify MRI and circulating biomarkers associated with the need for surgical management.

Methods
This prospective, multicenter study included pediatric and adult CD cases undergoing ileal resection and CD controls receiving medical therapy. Noncontrast research MRI examinations measured bowel wall 3-dimensional magnetization transfer ratio normalized to skeletal muscle (normalized 3D MTR), modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) T1 relaxation, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging metrics, and the simplified magnetic resonance index of activity (sMaRIA). Circulating biomarkers were measured on the same day as the research MRI and included CD64, extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies (Ab). Associations between MRI and circulating biomarkers and need for ileal resection were tested using univariate and multivariable LASSO regression.

Results
Our study sample included 50 patients with CD undergoing ileal resection and 83 patients with CD receiving medical therapy; mean participant age was 23.9 ± 13.1 years. Disease duration and treatment exposures did not vary between the groups. Univariate biomarker associations with ileal resection included log GM-CSF Ab (odds ratio [OR], 2.87; P = .0009), normalized 3D MTR (OR, 1.05; P = .002), log MOLLI T1 (OR, 0.01; P = .02), log IVIM perfusion fraction (f; OR, 0.38; P = .04), and IVIM apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC; OR, 0.3; P = .001). The multivariable model for surgery based upon corrected Akaike information criterion included age (OR, 1.03; P = .29), BMI (OR, 0.91; P = .09), log GM-CSF Ab (OR, 3.37; P = .01), normalized 3D MTR (OR, 1.07; P = .007), sMaRIA (OR, 1.14; P = .61), luminal narrowing (OR, 10.19; P = .003), log C-reactive protein (normalized; OR, 2.75; P = .10), and hematocrit (OR, 0.90; P = .13).

Conclusion
After accounting for clinical and MRI measures of severity, normalized 3D MTR and GM-CSF Ab are associated with the need for surgery in ileal CD.
From Prevention to Empowerment: A New Model for UK Labour Law
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For at least the last 40 years, law and policy in relation to work in the UK have been rooted in a paradigm of prevention: preventing employers from abusing the power they enjoy over workers in ways that are harmful to the latter’s interests. This article argues that this paradigm is rooted in a partial and structural, understanding of power, that is incapable of grappling with the true scope of the problems associated with power as it relates to work in the context of capitalism. Exposing the issues that exist with this understanding of power, and advancing an alternative structural conceptualisation, the article explores the implications that such an understanding might have for labour law and policy.
In vitro analysis of interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans treated with silver sulfadiazine in wound infections
Authors: Kamath Preetha , Paul Suchismita , Valdes Jose , Gil Joel , Solis Michael , Higa Alex , Davis Stephen C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Microorganisms tend to rely on close relationships with other species to survive. Consequently, biofilms formed by interactions of different species have been shown to delay the wound healing process. Studies suggest these mixed-population infections contribute to the development of drug resistance and inhibition of host immune response. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) has been shown to effectively decrease the risk of infection in an open wound. Typically, these are bacterial wound infections; however, the role of fungal species needs further attention.

Objectives
The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of SSD on interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa 09-009 (PA1) or P. aeruginosa 09-010 (PA2) and Candida albicans ATTC 64550 (CA).

Methods
A mixture of 4 mL of tryptic soy broth (TSB) and 100 µL of CA and/or PA1 or PA2 (∼106 log cfu/mL) inoculums were deposited into either wells or vials. The wells or vials were then sonicated (50 W for 10 s) to separate microorganisms attached to the walls. After incubation, cell counts were performed at 24 and 48 h for each microorganism using specific media.

Results
Our results show that without SSD treatment, P. aeruginosa exhibits an inhibitory effect on C. albicans. Treatment with SSD demonstrated significant reduction of P. aeruginosa; however, C. albicans persisted. This experiment demonstrates that SSD was effective in reducing the bioburden of both P. aeruginosa strains after 24 and 48 h; however, it was not as effective in reducing C. albicans.

Conclusions
The data suggest that for polymicrobial mixed infections containing Pseudomonas spp. and C. albicans, treatment with SSD may be beneficial but does not provide adequate microorganism eradication. As such, added treatments that provide coverage for Candida infection are necessary. Additional in vivo studies are needed to obtain a better understanding of the complex interactions between these organisms.
A case of delayed bleeding of the chest wall after VATS treated with transcatheter arterial embolization
Authors: Kameda Yohei , Osawa Hiroyuki , Sueishi Yui , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Maehara Takamitsu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We report a case of delayed bleeding after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) that was successfully treated with transcatheter arterial embolization. An 81-year-old woman underwent a pleural biopsy via VATS for pleural dissemination of lung cancer. The postoperative course was good, but 8 days later she was hospitalized for swelling in the right axilla and was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of delayed postoperative hemorrhage. Gauze compression was performed, and the patient was discharged without exacerbation of hematoma. However, 4 days later, she was hospitalized for rapidly worsening swelling and pain. Chest computed tomography at the time of rebleeding showed an increase in the hematoma and extravasation in the peripheral right lateral thoracic artery. The patient was immediately treated with emergency angiography, and coil embolization was performed. After this treatment, the patient has done well and there has been no subsequent recurrence of bleeding.
Bone mesenchymal stem cells improve cholestatic liver fibrosis by targeting ULK1 to regulate autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Huang Tingjuan , Zhang Chunhong , Shang Ziyi , Shuai Qizhi , Nie Lina , Ren Junjie , Hou Shulin , Xie Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is a severe disease, which can progress to liver cirrhosis, even liver cancer. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation plays a crucial role in CLD development. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) treatment was demonstrated to be beneficial in liver diseases. However, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of BMSCs on CLD are poorly known. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of BMSCs transplantation in mouse models of bile duct ligation-induced cholestatic liver fibrosis (CLF). The results revealed that BMSCs significantly improved liver function and reduced the formation of fibrosis after portal vein transplantation. Mechanistically, after coculturing BMSCs and HSCs, we identified that BMSCs alleviated starvation-induced HSCs activation. Further, BMSCs inhibited HSCs activation by decreasing autophagy, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was involved in the regulation. More importantly, ULK1 is identified as the main autophagy-related gene regulated by BMSCs in HSCs autophagy. Overexpression of ULK1 reversed the suppression of HSCs autophagy by BMSCs. Collectively, our results provide a theoretical basis for BMSCs targeting ULK1 to attenuate HSCs autophagy and activation and suggest that BMSCs or ULK1 may be an alternative therapeutic approach/target for the treatment of CLF.
Accuracy of Mirror Image Mapping of Lymphatic Tract for High-stage and Reoperative Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis: Intraoperative Analysis and Early Clinical Outcome
Authors: Yodrabum Nutcha , Chaikangwan Irin , Tianrungroj Jirapat , Piyaman Parkpoom 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Indocyanine green lymphography (ICGL) generally has a nonlinear pattern in advanced-stage lymphedema. Despite the lack of a linear pattern ICGL, lymphatic vessels have been discovered in several studies. The purpose of this work was to establish lymphatic mapping utilizing information from the contralateral limb and to illustrate the symmetry of lymphatic systems.

Methods:
Data were retrospectively collected from 81 patients who underwent lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) using the contralateral mapping technique during 2018 to 2022. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and negative and positive predictive values of this technique were calculated and analyzed.

Results:
Lymphatic vessels were identified in 85.2% of the upper and 82.3% of the lower limb presumed sites using the contralateral mapping technique. The positive predictive value for successful LVA anastomosis was 93.8% for upper limb and 92.3% for lower limb cases. This mirror image technique’s accuracy was 91.7% and 91.1%, for the upper limb and lower limb group, respectively. Between reoperative and new LVA cases, there was no statistically significant difference in the number, type, or diameter of lymphatic vessels or number of anastomoses.

Conclusions:
LVA with contralateral mapping technique is an effective method for patients with high-stage lymphedema with a nonlinear pattern on ICGL.
Combining the Tunnel Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Flap Technique With Skin Grafting for Enhanced Adhesion in Burn-Induced Ectropion Repair
Authors: Hou Jue , Hou Chunsheng , Zhang Jufang 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
Scar contracture of the eyelid following facial burns often has adverse consequences. Total cicatricial contracture often makes adjustment flap translation challenging to implement. Previously used upper and lower eyelid adhesion methods are ineffective for patients with severe cicatricial contracture, and ectropion can easily recur. This study aimed to retrospectively examine upper and lower eyelid adhesions using an orbicularis oculi muscle flap and verify its stability.

Methods:
In patients with ectropion caused by severe scar contracture following head and face burns, we employed a tunnel orbicularis oculi muscle flap technique, which involved creating a tunnel between the skin and the tarsal plate of the eyelid, mobilizing the orbicularis oculi muscle, and rotating it into this tunnel to provide stable adhesion of the upper and lower eyelids. Full-thickness skin grafting was then performed. The eyelids were examined postoperatively to determine whether reoperation was necessary and to monitor for any potential complications.

Results:
This study included 26 patients and 46 eyes. No accidental disconnection occurred after eyelid adhesion, which lasted for an average of 21.87 ± 10.08 months before the eyelid adhesion was cut open. No complications or adverse reactions occurred, and the adhesions did not break unexpectedly.

Conclusions:
Repairing eyelid ectropion with the tunnel orbicularis oculi muscle flap is a simple procedure that immediately creates tension against upper and lower eyelid contractures, providing long-term stable adhesion. This method avoids structural disorders, such as eyelid margin scarring, minimally influences surrounding tissues, and has few postoperative complications. It holds great value for repairing eyelid tissue defects and warrants further study.
Zuranolone Concentrations in the Breast Milk of Healthy, Lactating Individuals
Authors: Deligiannidis Kristina M. , Bullock Amy , Nandy Indrani , Dunbar Joi , Lasser Robert , Witte Michael , Leclair Bridgette , Wald Jeffrey 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Zuranolone is a positive allosteric modulator of both synaptic and extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors and a neuroactive steroid approved as an oral, once-daily, 14-day treatment course for adults with postpartum depression in the United States. This study assessed zuranolone transfer into breast milk.

Methods/Procedures
Healthy, nonpregnant, lactating adult female participants received once-daily 30 mg zuranolone from day (D)1 through D5 in this phase 1 open-label study. The relative infant dose (RID; weight-adjusted proportion of the maternal dose in breast milk over 24 hours) for 30 mg zuranolone was assessed at D5. An RID for 50 mg zuranolone was estimated using a simulation approach across a range of infant ages and weights.

Findings/Results
Of 15 enrolled participants (mean age, 30.1 years), 14 completed the study. The mean RID for 30 mg zuranolone at D5 was 0.357%; the mean steady-state milk volume over D3 to D5 decreased from baseline by 8.3%. Overall unbound zuranolone in plasma was low (≤0.49%). Plasma concentrations peaked at D5 before decreasing in a biexponential manner. There was strong concordance between the temporal profiles of zuranolone concentrations in plasma and breast milk. The estimated mean RID for 50 mg zuranolone based on a milk intake of 200 mL/kg per day was 0.984%. All treatment-emergent adverse events reported by participants were mild, the most common being dizziness (n = 3).

Implications/Conclusions
Zuranolone transfer into the breast milk of healthy, nonpregnant, lactating adult female participants was low; the estimated RID for 50 mg zuranolone was <1%, well below the <10% threshold generally considered compatible with breastfeeding.
Respiratory Health Associated With Systemic Metal Exposure in Post-9/11 Veterans in the Department of Veterans Affairs Toxic Embedded Fragment Registry
Authors: Hines Stella E. , Gaitens Joanna M. , Brown Clayton H. , Glick Danielle R. , Reback Maxwell , Chin Katherine H. , Lawrence Emma , Cavanaugh Kerri L. , Lawson William E. , Sriram Peruvemba , Beck Lisa , Duch John , Aguayo Samuel M. , Permana Paska , McDiarmid Melissa A. 
Published: May 2024

Objective
Adverse respiratory outcomes in post-9/11 veterans with elevated urinary metal measures and enrolled in the VA's Toxic Embedded Fragment registry were compared to those without elevated urinary metals.

Methods
Veterans completed questionnaires, underwent pulmonary physiology tests (pulmonary function and oscillometry), and provided urine samples for analysis of 13 metals. Respiratory symptoms, diagnoses, and physiology measures were compared in veterans with ≥1 urine metal elevation to those without metal elevations, adjusted for covariates, including smoking.

Results
Among 402 study participants, 24% had elevated urine metals, often just exceeding upper limits of reference values. Compared to veterans without elevated metals, those with elevated metals had had higher FEV1 values but similar frequencies of respiratory symptoms and diagnoses and abnormalities on pulmonary physiology tests.

Conclusions
Mild systemic metal elevations in post-9/11 veterans are not associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes.
Diagnostic Identification of Acute Brain Dysfunction in Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock in the Electronic Health Record: A Comparison of Four Definitions in a Reference Dataset*
Authors: Alcamo Alicia M. , Becker Andrew E. , Barren Gregory J. , Hayes Katie , Pennington Jeffrey W. , Curley Martha A.Q. , Tasker Robert C. , Balamuth Fran , Weiss Scott L. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Topjian Alexis A. 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:Acute brain dysfunction (ABD) in pediatric sepsis has a prevalence of 20%, but can be difficult to identify. Our previously validated ABD computational phenotype (CPABD) used variables obtained from the electronic health record indicative of clinician concern for acute neurologic or behavioral change. We tested whether the CPABDhas better diagnostic performance to identify confirmed ABD than other definitions using the Glasgow Coma Scale or delirium scores.DESIGN:Diagnostic testing in a curated cohort of pediatric sepsis/septic shock patients.SETTING:Quaternary freestanding children’s hospital.SUBJECTS:The test dataset comprised 527 children with sepsis/septic shock managed between 2011 and 2021 with a prevalence (pretest probability) of confirmed ABD of 30% (159/527).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:CPABDwas based on use of neuroimaging, electroencephalogram, and/or administration of new antipsychotic medication. We compared the performance of the CPABDwith three GCS/delirium-based definitions of ABD—Proulx et al, International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference, and Pediatric Organ Dysfunction Information Update Mandate. The posttest probability of identifying ABD was highest in CPABD(0.84) compared with other definitions. CPABDalso had the highest sensitivity (83%; 95% CI, 76–89%) and specificity (93%; 95% CI, 90–96%). The false discovery rate was lowest in CPABD(1-in-6) as was the false omission rate (1-in-14). Finally, the prevalence threshold for the definitions varied, with the CPABDbeing the definition closest to 20%.CONCLUSIONS:In our curated dataset of pediatric sepsis/septic shock, CPABDhad favorable characteristics to identify confirmed ABD compared with GCS/delirium-based definitions. The CPABDcan be used to further study the impact of ABD in studies using large electronic health datasets.