bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Exclusive Breastfeeding in the United States
Authors: Jones Jessica R. , Kogan Michael D. , Singh Gopal K. , Dee Deborah L. , Grummer-Strawn Laurence M. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVES:To estimate the proportions of US infants who were breastfed exclusively for 6 months, according to characteristics of the mother, child, and household environment, and to compare associations between those characteristics and exclusive breastfeeding with associations between those characteristics and breastfeeding initiation.METHODS:Data were obtained from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios for breastfeeding among all infants and for breastfeeding exclusively for 6 months among infants who had initiated breastfeeding. All analyses were limited to children aged 6 months through 5 years for whom breastfeeding data were available (N = 25 197).RESULTS:Of the nearly 75% of children in the study who had ever been breastfed, 16.8% had been breastfed exclusively for 6 months. Non-Hispanic black children were significantly less likely to have ever been breastfed compared with their non-Hispanic white counterparts (adjusted odds ratio: 0.54 [95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.66]). However, no significant differences in the odds of exclusive breastfeeding according to race were observed. Children with birth weights of &lt;1500 g were most likely to have ever been breastfed and least likely to have been breastfed exclusively. Maternal age was significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding; however, maternal age was not associated with breastfeeding initiation.CONCLUSIONS:In the United States, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months remains low among those who initiate breastfeeding. Factors associated with breastfeeding exclusively for 6 months differ from those associated with breastfeeding initiation.
Impact of Lifestyle-Related Factors on All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chieh , Li Chia-Ing , Liu Chiu-Shong , Lin Wen-Yuan , Fuh Martin Mao-Tsu , Yang Sing-Yu , Lee Cheng-Chun , Li Tsai-Chung 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine whether combined lifestyle behaviors have an impact on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients aged 30–94 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants included 5,686 patients &gt;30 years old with T2DM who were enrolled in a Diabetes Care Management Program at a medical center in central Taiwan before 2007. Lifestyle behaviors consisted of smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, and carbohydrate intake. The main outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between combined lifestyle behaviors and mortality.

RESULTS
The mortality rate among men was 24.10 per 1,000 person-years, and that among women was 17.25 per 1,000 person-years. After adjusting for the traditional risk factors, we found that combined lifestyle behavior was independently associated with all-cause mortality and mortality due to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Patients with three or more points were at a 3.50-fold greater risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI 2.06–5.96) and a 4.94-fold (1.62–15.06), 4.24-fold (1.20–14.95), and 1.31-fold (0.39–4.41) greater risk of diabetes-specific, CVD-specific, and cancer-specific mortality, respectively, compared with patients with zero points. Among these associations, the combined lifestyle behavior was not significantly associated with cancer mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Combined lifestyle behavior is a strong predictor of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with T2DM.
QTc Interval Prolongation Is Independently Associated With Severe Hypoglycemic Attacks in Type 1 Diabetes From the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study
Authors: Gruden Gabriella , Giunti Sara , Barutta Federica , Chaturvedi Nish , Witte Daniel R. , Tricarico Marinella , Fuller John H. , Cavallo Perin Paolo , Bruno Graziella 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to assess whether severe hypoglycemic attacks were cross-sectionally associated with abnormalities of the QTc interval in type 1 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study included 3,248 type 1 diabetic patients from the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as an attack serious enough to require the help of another person. A corrected QTc interval (QTc) &gt;0.44 s was considered abnormally prolonged.

RESULTS
Nineteen percent of patients declared one to two attacks, and 13.2% of patients had three or more attacks. Prevalence of QTc prolongation was greater in patients who experienced three or more hypoglycemic attacks. Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of severe hypoglycemia was independently associated with QTc prolongation, even after adjustment for diabetes complications, including autonomic neuropathy (odds ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.58).

CONCLUSIONS
We have provided evidence that severe hypoglycemic attacks are independently associated with a prolonged QTc interval in type 1 diabetic patients from the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study.
Tandem One‐pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted 1,3‐Thiazine Derivatives
Authors: Wang Shuliang , Wang Xiang , Tu Mansu , Jiang Bo , Tu Shujiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA tandem one‐pot synthesis of polysubstituted 1,3‐thiazines has been developed by reacting with cyanoacetamide and isothiocyanate derivatives to give rise to 2‐cyano‐3‐mercaptoacrylamides, which are trapped in situ by various aldehydes or diversely substituted ketones through intermolecular cyclization, providing polysubstituted 1,3‐thiazine derivatives in short reaction times with good to excellent yields. The salient features of this novel protocol are operational simplicity, accessing the desired products from the readily available starting materials and easy of product isolation and may find wide spread applications in medicinal chemistry.
Effect of Explicit Water Molecules on the Color‐Tuning Mechanism of the Firefly
Authors: Min Chungang , Zou Luyi , Sun Ying , Guo Jingfu , Ren Ai‐min , Goddard John D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe contributions of explicit water molecules to color‐tuning mechanism of firefly were studied. The explicit water molecules cause two different structures in the geometrical parameters of keto(‐1) both in vacuo and aqueous solution. There are somewhat larger influences on absorption and emission spectra. When water molecules were added only on the side of benzothiazole ring, the spectra shift to the blue. In contrast, when waters were added only on the side of the thiazoline ring, the spectra shift to red. In a word, the color modulation of the emitted light depends on charge redistribution of molecule keto(‐1), mainly the charge change of the benzothiazole and thiazole rings at the two terminal in keto(‐1).
Near Infrared Spectral Similarity Combined with Variable Selection Method in the Quality Control of Flos Lonicerae: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Xin Ni , Meng Qinghua , Li Yizhen , Hu Yuzhu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper indicates the possibility to use near infrared (NIR) spectral similarity as a rapid method to estimate the quality of Flos Lonicerae. Variable selection together with modelling techniques is utilized to select representative variables that are used to calculate the similarity. NIR is used to build calibration models to predict the bacteriostatic activity of Flos Lonicerae. For the determination of the bacteriostatic activity, the in vitro experiment is used. Models are built for the Gram‐positive bacteria and also for the Gram‐negative bacteria. A genetic algorithm combined with partial least squares regression (GA‐PLS) is used to perform the calibration. The results of GA‐PLS models are compared to interval partial least squares (iPLS) models, full‐spectrum PLS and full‐spectrum principal component regression (PCR) models. Then, the variables in the two GA‐PLS models are combined and then used to calculate the NIR spectral similarity of samples. The similarity based on the characteristic variables and full spectrum is used for evaluating the fingerprints of Flos Lonicerae, respectively. The results show that the combination of variable selection method, modelling techniques and similarity analysis might be a powerful tool for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
Interaction Between Marginal Zinc and High Fat Supply on Lipid Metabolism and Growth of Weanling Rats
Authors: Weigand Edgar , Boesch‐Saadatmandi Christine 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe impact of a moderate Zn deficiency on growth and plasma and liver lipids was investigated in two 4‐week experiments with male weanling rats fed fat‐enriched diets. Semisynthetic, approximately isocaloric diets containing 3% soybean oil were supplemented with either 7 or 100 mg Zn/kg diet and with 22% beef tallow (BT) or sunflower oil (SF). In Experiment 1, which compared the dietary fat level and the fat source in a factorial design of treatments, all diets were fed ad libitum to 6 × 8 animals, whereas intake of the high‐Zn BT and SF diets was restricted in Experiment 2 (5 × 6 rats) to the level of intake of the respective low‐Zn diets. The low‐Zn SF diet consistently depressed food intake and final live weights of the animals to a greater extent than the other low‐Zn diets, while intake and growth were comparable among the animals fed the high‐Zn diets. The marginal Zn deficit per se did not alter plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations nor hepatic concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipids. The fatty acid pattern of liver phospholipids did not indicate that chain elongation and desaturation of fatty acids was impaired by a lack of zinc. It was concluded that dietary energy and fat intake, and fat source have a greater effect on plasma and liver lipids than a moderate Zn deficiency. Marginally Zn‐deficient diets enriched with sunflower oil as a major energy source cause a greater growth retardation than diets rich in carbohydrates or beef tallow.
Comparison of air‐kerma strength determinations for HDR 192Ir sources
Authors: Rasmussen Brian E. , Davis Stephen D. , Schmidt Cal R. , Micka John A. , DeWerd Larry A. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose:To perform a comparison of the interim air‐kerma strength standard for high dose rate (HDR)192Ir brachytherapy sources maintained by the University of Wisconsin Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory (UWADCL) with measurements of the various source models using modified techniques from the literature. The current interim standard was established by Goetsch et al. in 1991 and has remained unchanged to date.Methods:The improved, laser‐aligned seven‐distance apparatus of the University of Wisconsin Medical Radiation Research Center (UWMRRC) was used to perform air‐kerma strength measurements of five different HDR192Ir source models. The results of these measurements were compared with those from well chambers traceable to the original standard. Alternative methodologies for interpolating the 192Ir air‐kerma calibration coefficient from the NIST air‐kerma standards at 137Cs and 250 kVp x rays (M250) were investigated and intercompared. As part of the interpolation method comparison, the Monte Carlo code EGSnrc was used to calculate updated values of Awall for the Exradin A3 chamber used for air‐kerma strength measurements. The effects of air attenuation and scatter, room scatter, as well as the solution method were investigated in detail.Results:The average measurements when using the inverseNK interpolation method for the Classic Nucletron, Nucletron microSelectron, VariSource VS2000, GammaMed Plus, and Flexisource were found to be 0.47%, −0.10%, −1.13%, −0.20%, and 0.89% different than the existing standard, respectively. A further investigation of the differences observed between the sources was performed using MCNP5 Monte Carlo simulations of each source model inside a full model of an HDR 1000 Plus well chamber.Conclusions:Although the differences between the source models were found to be statistically significant, the equally weighted average difference between the seven‐distance measurements and the well chambers was 0.01%, confirming that it is not necessary to update the current standard maintained at the UWADCL.
Implementation of BFA (Backtrack‐Free path planning Algorithm) for three‐dimensional workspaces and its application to path planning of multi manipulators
Authors: Murata Tomonari , Tamura Shinsuke , Kawai Masayuki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTogether with a newly developed method for avoiding collisions between links themselves, the BFA (Backtrack‐Free path planning Algorithm) has been implemented for calculating the paths of manipulators that are operated in three‐dimensional workspaces. An approach to extending the BFA to an algorithm for calculating the paths of multiple manipulators cooperating to accomplish complicated tasks, in which multiple manipulators are considered as a single composite one with many links, is also discussed. The algorithm is backtrack‐free and resolution‐complete. Its computational volume is proportional to the total number of links and does not change drastically with the environments in which the manipulators are operated. Simulation results have demonstrated that the BFA allows efficient generation of paths for both single and multiple manipulators. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(12): 1–11, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10392
IMPROVING EXISTING PRACTICES OF WATER DELIVERY IN A RUN‐OF‐THE‐RIVER BASED CANAL SYSTEM FOR BETTER WATER USE EFFICIENCY
Authors: Mishra A. , Verma H. C. , Kannan K. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA model was developed to modify the canal delivery schedule of a major irrigation project of eastern India for both monsoon and dry seasons that adopted the procedure of daily water balance/moisture balance simulation in the root zone depth. In addition to the prevailing continuous schedule, four alternative rotational schedules during the monsoon and five alternative rotational schedules during the dry season were considered for simulation. Daily water balance simulation was performed for 17 and 15 years for the monsoon season and the dry seasons, respectively.Simulation results for the monsoon revealed that a 15‐day rotational schedule (15 days canal operation followed by 15 days canal closure) was the best alternative over the prevailing continuous schedule. To agree with the findings of the study model, field experiments were conducted during the monsoon season for three consecutive years. Highest rice grain yields of 4.92 t/ha (Swarna) and 4.46 t/ha (Surendra) were recorded in plots with 15‐day rotational schedules. During the dry season, considering both paddy and other dry season crops grown together in the command, a 7‐day canal operation followed by a 7‐day canal closure rotational schedule was found to be the best alternative. Besides creating a favourable water regime and better crop evapo‐transpiration (ET), this schedule saved about 10.3% of water over actual water supplies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Better a Broader Diagnosis Than a Misdiagnosis: The Study of a Neoplastic Condition in a Male Individual who Died in Early 20th Century (Coimbra, Portugal)
Authors: Marques Carina , Santos Ana Luísa , Cunha Eugénia 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe paleopathological record of neoplastic conditions in the past is considered scarce. The detection of tumours in ancient populations is hindered by the quality and quantity of signs visible on the skeleton, the methodological approach, the preservation of remains, and by difficulties of differential diagnosis. The aims of this paper are to report the extensive and multiple osteolytic lesions observed in an adult male and to discuss the possible etiology of these lesions. The individual, a 71‐year‐old male who died in 1932, is part of the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection. Records indicate that he died of a ‘heart lesion’. The present study used macroscopic, radiological, and computerized tomography examinations to analyse the skeletal remains of the individual number 439. The type and pattern of the lesions detected, which were most prominent on the skull, were compared with both clinical and paleopathological diagnostic criteria for different nosologic groups. The differential diagnosis addresses problems expressed both in clinical and in paleopathological literature with regard to the difficulties in distinguishing metastatic tumours from multiple myeloma. The nature of the lesions represented by this individual precludes an exact diagnosis. Therefore, we employed a broader category, neoplastic condition, instead of choosing a more specific diagnosis that would likely have resulted in a misdiagnosis due to overlapping features on this individual's condition. Further investigations are necessary to establish more replicable indicators and to improve confidence in retrospective diagnosis of these types of conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic screen identifies microRNA cluster 99b/let-7e/125a as a regulator of primitive hematopoietic cells
Authors: Gerrits Alice , Walasek Marta A. , Olthof Sandra , Weersing Ellen , Ritsema Martha , Zwart Erik , van Os Ronald , Bystrykh Leonid V. , de Haan Gerald 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) traits differ between genetically distinct mouse strains. For example, DBA/2 mice have a higher HSPC frequency compared with C57BL/6 mice. We performed a genetic screen for micro-RNAs that are differentially expressed between LSK, LS−K+, erythroid and myeloid cells isolated from C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. This analysis identified 131 micro-RNAs that were differentially expressed between cell types and 15 that were differentially expressed between mouse strains. Of special interest was an evolutionary conserved miR cluster located on chromosome 17 consisting of miR-99b, let-7e, and miR-125a. All cluster members were most highly expressed in LSKs and down-regulated upon differentiation. In addition, these microRNAs were higher expressed in DBA/2 cells compared with C57BL/6 cells, and thus correlated with HSPC frequency. To functionally characterize these microRNAs, we overexpressed the entire miR-cluster 99b/let-7e/125a and miR-125a alone in BM cells from C57BL/6 mice. Overexpression of the miR-cluster or miR-125a dramatically increased day-35 CAFC activity and caused severe hematopoietic phenotypes upon transplantation. We showed that a single member of the miR-cluster, namely miR-125a, is responsible for the majority of the observed miR-cluster overexpression effects. Finally, we performed genome-wide gene expression arrays and identified candidate target genes through which miR-125a may modulate HSPC fate.
Diverging Association of Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria With Coronary and Noncoronary Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Solini Anna , Penno Giuseppe , Bonora Enzo , Fondelli Cecilia , Orsi Emanuela , Arosio Maura , Trevisan Roberto , Vedovato Monica , Cignarelli Mauro , Andreozzi Francesco , Nicolucci Antonio , Pugliese Giuseppe ,   for the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
Although a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was shown to be a powerful independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), other studies suggested that it confers a much lower risk than albuminuria alone, whereas the combination of the two abnormalities is associated with multiplicative risk. This study aimed at assessing the independent association of previous CVD events, either total or by vascular bed, with eGFR and albuminuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) phenotypes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study evaluated 15,773 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study in 19 outpatient diabetes clinics in years 2007–2008. Albuminuria was assessed by immunonephelometry or immunoturbidimetry. GFR was estimated by the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study and the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration equation. CKD was defined as an eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or micro- or macroalbuminuria. Major acute CVD events were adjudicated based on hospital discharge records or specialist visits.

RESULTS
CVD risk increased linearly with eGFR decline and albuminuria and became significant for values &lt;78 mL/min/1.73 m2 and ≥10.5 mg/24 h, respectively. Beyond traditional CVD risk factors, total CVD showed an independent association with albuminuria alone (odds ratio 1.20 [95% CI 1.08–1.33]), reduced eGFR alone (1.52 [1.34–1.73]), and both abnormalities (1.90 [1.66–2.19]). However, coronary events were associated predominantly with reduced eGFR alone, whereas cerebrovascular and peripheral events showed a stronger correlation with the albuminuric CKD phenotypes.

CONCLUSIONS
These data, although cross-sectional, show that reduced eGFR, irrespective of albuminuria, is associated with significant CVD, particularly in the coronary district.