bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of aberrometry‐based relative peripheral refraction measurements
Authors: Berntsen David A. , Mutti Donald O. , Zadnik Karla 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To validate aberrometry‐based relative peripheral refraction (RPR) measurements and to examine RPR differences in the nasal and temporal horizontal visual field.Methods:  Thirty subjects underwent cycloplegia in the right eye. Ten measurements each were made centrally, 30° nasally on the retina and 30° temporally on the retina using the Complete Ophthalmic Analysis System (COAS) aberrometer and the Grand Seiko WR‐5100K autorefractor in random order. A 2‐mm COAS analysis diameter was used to approximate the Grand Seiko autorefractor measurement beam diameter. Nasal and temporal RPR were calculated as the difference between the average nasal or temporal spherical equivalent and the average central spherical equivalent. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to test for significant differences between the RPR readings of each instrument in each retinal location (nasal or temporal) and to examine refractive error in each direction of gaze for both instruments.Results:  Central spherical equivalent refractive error as measured by the Grand Seiko autorefractor ranged from +0.63 D to −8.41 D (mean ± S.D. = −2.63 D ± 2.05 D). There were no significant differences between the instruments for RPR measurements (p = 0.34). The nasal RPR was significantly more hyperopic than the temporal RPR (mean ± S.D. = +0.45 D ± 1.04 D, p = 0.02). Spherical equivalent refractive error in all directions of gaze was more myopic with the COAS than with the Grand Seiko autorefractor (mean ± S.D. = −0.41 D ± 0.61 D, p < 0.0001).Conclusions:  RPR measurements with the COAS are feasible and equivalent to those made with the Grand Seiko autorefractor. The COAS can be used to simultaneously collect RPR and peripheral aberration data. Nasal and temporal RPR measurements were significantly different in our sample.
Tear sample collection using cellulose acetate absorbent filters
Authors: Esmaeelpour Marieh , Cai Jun , Watts Patrick , Boulton Mike , Murphy Paul J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To assess the use of cellulose acetate filter rods as a technique for tear collection.Method:  The cellulose acetate rod (CR) was compared with the ‘standard’ glass capillary tube (CT), in a series of experiments, to assess: sample collection by collected volume size; the effect of tear stimulation on total tear protein concentration and major tear protein concentrations; and technique invasiveness.Results:  No difference was found in concentrations for total protein, IgA (secretory immunoglobulin A), lactoferrin and lysozyme (p > 0.05) with no clinically significant increase in serum albumin to show serum leakage. Sample volume was higher for CR (p < 0.005) and sample volume increased for stimulated collection with CR (p = 0.001). Dilution effect of a stimulated sample size was reliably shown only with CR (r = −0.66, p = 0.011). Using bovine albumin standard with CR and CT, a smaller sample volume (p < 0.001) and a higher protein concentration (p < 0.001) were extracted with CR.Conclusion:  The cellulose rod offers a suitable alternative to the glass CT. It is able to quickly absorb a sample, allowing use for a wide range of sample sizes, while being minimally invasive.
Flipped optical systems
Authors: Harris W. F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the standard refraction routine, a Jackson cross‐cylinder is reversed in front of the eye by the process of flipping it about its handle. Reverse telescopes have applications in low vision. In ophthalmoscopy, the practitioner views a patient's retina using light that traverses the eye in a direction opposite to that involved in vision. These represent examples of flipped systems that are involved in optometry. The purpose of this paper is to examine what happens to the optical character of an arbitrary optical system when it is flipped in this manner. The analysis is in terms of the ray transference of the system and, because the transference completely characterises the first‐order optics of a system, is complete within the limitations of linear optics. It allows for elements in the system to be astigmatic and decentred. An expression is derived for the transference of the flipped system in terms of the transference of the system itself. Expressions are also obtained for the fundamental first‐order optical properties and the dioptric power of the flipped system. Three numerical examples are given in the Appendix.
Insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus: a case–control study of non‐obese, non‐alcoholic and non‐steatotic hepatitis virus carriers with persistently normal serum aminotransferase
Authors: Tanaka Naoki , Nagaya Tadanobu , Komatsu Michiharu , Horiuchi Akira , Tsuruta Goro , Shirakawa Haruaki , Umemura Takeji , Ichijo Tetsuya , Matsumoto Akihiro , Yoshizawa Kaname , Aoyama Toshifumi , Kiyosawa Kendo , Tanaka Eiji 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground/Aims: Recent studies using transgenic mouse models have demonstrated that the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) singularly induces insulin resistance (IR). When evaluated in humans, the exclusion of other factors influencing IR, such as obesity, alcohol intake, hepatic inflammation and steatosis is needed, but only few studies have been performed to these ends. Therefore, we aimed at exploring the singular effects of HCV on glucose metabolism through analysis of HCV carriers with persistently normal serum aminotransferase.Methods: Non‐obese, non‐diabetic and non‐alcoholic HCV carriers (n=30) were enrolled with 30 hepatitis B virus carriers matched by age, gender, body mass index and waist‐to‐hip ratio. All patients maintained normal serum aminotransferase (<30 U/L), hyaluronic acid (<50 ng/ml) and platelet count (>150 × 103/μl) for more than 5 years without additional treatments, and had no signs of steatosis. We then compared fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and adiponectin, and homoeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR) and HOMA‐β indices between the groups.Results: There were no significant differences in IR/secretion‐associated markers or serum adiponectin. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of HCV was not an independent predictor of IR. HOMA‐IR was strongly correlated with waist circumferences and serum γ‐glutamyltransferase in HCV carriers, but not with serum aminotransferase, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, hyaluronic acid or HCV core antigen.Conclusions: These results suggest that the presence of HCV alone does not affect IR. Coexistence of hepatitis, steatosis and/or fibrosis may be important to the pathogenesis of IR induced by chronic HCV infection.
Role of cortical dysplasia in epileptogenesis following prolonged febrile seizure
Authors: Park Kyung‐Il , Chu Kon , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Kim Jin‐Hee , Kang Kyung‐Muk , Lee Soon‐Tae , Park Hee‐Kwon , Kim Manho , Lee Sang Kun , Roh Jae‐Kyu 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Hippocampal sclerosis, characterized by prominent neuronal loss and reactive gliosis, is the most common pathology in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Although prolonged febrile convulsion (FC) is a risk factor of TLE, it is not clear whether FC provokes hippocampal sclerosis and subsequent TLE. Given that underlying brain lesions, such as cortical dysplasia (CD), in the immature brain predispose patients to FC, CD may link FC and TLE. However, the role of CD in epileptogenesis after FC is also unclear. Here, we investigated whether inborn CD increases the risk of later epilepsy induced by prolonged FC using a rat model.Methods:  Experimental CD was induced by in utero exposure of methylazoxymethanol (MAM). Rat pups from MAM‐treated or control rats were then subjected to prolonged FC. We examined morphologic changes in the hippocampi with respect to neuronal loss, reactive gliosis, and synaptogenesis, and evaluated spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) by long‐term video‐EEG (electroencephalography).Results:  The MAM+FC group had a significantly lower hippocampal neuronal density in the CA1 and dentate hilus than other control groups. A robust increase in glial cells and synaptic reorganization was also detected in the MAM+FC groups. Furthermore, later SRS occurred in all rats in the MAM+FC group and in 50% and 25% of the rats in the FC‐only and MAM‐only group, respectively. The frequency and total duration of SRS was highest in the MAM+FC group.Discussion:  Our results suggest that preexisting CD in the immature brain augments the proepileptogenic effects of prolonged FC, leading to TLE.
A randomized crossover trial comparing three plateletpheresis machines
Authors: Bueno José Luis , García Fernando , Castro Emma , Barea Luisa , González Rocío 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare three different apheresis machines with the same donors regarding the processing time required to obtain a 3.5 × 1011 platelet (PLT) dose and acceptance by donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized crossover trial was performed to evaluate the differences between the Amicus Crescendo (Baxter Biotech Corp.), the MCS Plus (Haemonetics Corp.), and the Trima Accel (Gambro BCT). Donations from 51 donors were compared for time adjusted to obtain a standard 3.5 × 1011 PLT dose (TSD3.5), efficiency, adverse reactions, yield, leukodepletion, machine accuracy, and donor preferences. Processing times were measured by chronometer. The same vein access was used during all three processes in each donor. In the statistical analysis, to take into account the nonindependence of several measurements from the same donor, generalized estimating equations were used with an autoregressive correlation matrix.RESULTS: The Accel produced a TSD3.5 (mean ± SEM) of 47.9 ± 1.0 min; the Amicus, 60.3 ± 1.0 min; and the MCS Plus, 66.7 ± 1.0 (p < 0.0001). The Amicus presented the greatest efficiency (87.5%; p < 0.0028). The MCS Plus demonstrated the highest capacity for leukodepletion (p < 0.0002) despite one process presenting more than 1 × 106 white blood cells per unit. The MCS Plus also measured the processing time with the greatest accuracy. No severe adverse effects were observed. The donors preferred the Accel (61%) followed by the Amicus (35%) and the MCS Plus (4%; p < 0.0001) and the processing speed was the most highly valued measure (55%).CONCLUSIONS: The Accel is the fastest and, because of this advantage, the machine preferred by donors. The Amicus was the most efficient and the MCS Plus was the only one not to underestimate the processing time.
Fresh frozen plasma prepared with amotosalen HCl (S‐59) photochemical pathogen inactivation: transfusion of patients with congenital coagulation factor deficiencies
Authors: De Alarcon Pedro , Benjamin Richard , Dugdale Marion , Kessler Craig , Shopnick Rinah , Smith Peter , Abshire Thomas , Hambleton Julie , Matthew Prasad , Ortiz Idith , Cohen Alice , Konkle Barbara A. , Streiff Michael , Lee Martin , Wages David , Corash Laurence 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Photochemical treatment (PCT) with amotosalen HCl (S‐59) was developed to inactivate pathogens and white blood cells in plasma (PCT‐FFP) used for transfusion support.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An open‐label, multicenter trial was conducted in patients with congenital coagulation factor deficiencies (factors [F]I, FII, FV, FVII, FX, FXI, and FXIII and protein C) to measure the kinetics of specific coagulation factors, hemostatic efficacy, and safety of PCT‐FFP. Posttransfusion prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and clinical hemostasis were evaluated before and after PCT‐FFP transfusions.RESULTS: Thirty‐four patients received 107 transfusions of PCT‐FFP for kinetic studies or therapeutic indications (mean dose, 12.8 ± 8.5 mL/kg). Incremental factor recoveries ranged from 0.9 to 2.4 IU per dL per IU per kg (FII, FV, FVII, FX, FXI, and protein C). Mean pretransfusion PT (20.7 ± 22.2 sec) corrected after PCT‐FFP (13.8 ± 2.4 sec, p < 0.001). Mean pretransfusion PTT (51.2 ± 29.3 sec) corrected after PCT‐FFP (32.0 ± 5.1 sec, p < 0.001). Thirteen patients required 77 transfusions for therapeutic indications. PCT‐FFP provided effective hemostasis and was well tolerated.CONCLUSIONS: Replacement coagulation factors in PCT‐FFP exhibited kinetics and therapeutic efficacy consistent with conventional FFP.
Anti‐D and anti‐i activities are inseparable in V4‐34‐encoded monoclonal anti‐D: the same framework 1 residues are required for both reactivities
Authors: Thorpe Susan J. , Ball Christine , Fox Bernard , Thompson Keith M. , Thorpe Robin , Bristow Adrian 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: The heavy‐chain V4‐34 germline gene segment is mandatory for pathologic cold‐reacting autoantibodies with anti‐I/i specificity (cold agglutinins) and is also preferentially used by monoclonal immunoglobulin M alloantibodies against D and other Rh antigens. The use of the V4‐34 segment by monoclonal anti‐D has previously been shown to also confer anti‐I/i reactivity (cold agglutinin activity), which has implications for the use of such antibodies for Rh blood typing. V4‐34 framework 1 (FR1) sequence is believed to be critical for cold agglutinin activity of cold agglutinins.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The aim of this investigation was to use site‐directed mutagenesis of a recombinant V4‐34‐encoded anti‐D to determine the contribution of V4‐34 FR1 sequence to anti‐D activity and whether mutational modifications in the FR1 region could separately alter anti‐D and anti‐i activities.RESULTS: The results show that amino acid changes in V4‐34 FR1 at W7, A23, and Y25 have a profound effect on anti‐D activity as well as on anti‐i activity. It was not possible to substantially reduce or remove anti‐i activity without reducing anti‐D activity to a comparable extent.CONCLUSIONS: The same nonpolar hydrophobic amino acids in FR1 are critical for maintaining both anti‐D and anti‐i activity. It is proposed that these residues influence the conformation of the antigen‐binding site.
Identifying the Learning Styles and Instructional Tool Preferences of Beginning Food Science and Human Nutrition Majors
Authors: Bohn D.M. , Rasmussen C.N. , Schmidt S.J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT: :Learning styles vary among individuals, and understanding which instructional tools certain learning styles prefer can be utilized to enhance student learning. Students in the introductory Food Science and Human Nutrition course (FSHN 101), taught at the Univ. of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, were asked to complete Gregorc's Learning Style DelineatorTM, which identifies dominant learning style(s). In addition, students were asked to complete a survey that asked them to identify which instructional tools used in FSHN 101 they preferred and which they did not. All students, regardless of learning style, preferred the in‐class lecture, outlined lecture notes, the WebCT site as a whole, lecture study guide questions, and example exam questions.
PASSIVE ÜBERFÜHRUNG VON IDIOSYNKRASIE
Authors: BAAGØE K. H. 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVon 7 Versuchen, die Idiosynkrasie von Asthmatikern mit positiver Kutanreaktion auf den betreffenden Stoff auf Tiere zu übertragen, gelang nur ein Versuch (Übertragung von Fischidiosynkrasie).Von 14 Versuchen, Idiosynkrasie von 6 Asthmatikern mit positiver Kutanreaktion auf gesunde Menschenhaut zu übertragen, gelangen 8, während 6 ein negatives oder ein zweifelhaftes Resultat ergaben. Ebenfalls erhielt man einen negativen Ausfall bei 2 Fällen mit Injektion von Serum von »normalen« Kindern mit positiver Kutanreaktion aber ohne klinische Idiosynkrasie.
ON GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA SYMPATHICUM
Authors: BUSCH B. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA case of ganglioneuroblastoma sympathicum is reported — the 6′ surely substantiated and the largest known — in a 30 years old woman, who dies with recidive and in cachexia in spite of attempted operative removal and intensive X‐ray treatment.The macro‐ and microscopical appearance of the tumour and the numerous glandular metastases is described.The previously published cases are reported.The exstirpation at as early a moment as possible of any tumour containing ganglion‐cells is advocated, because the possibility of a «malignant degeneration» can not be excluded.The factors causing this «malignant degeneration» are totally unknown.ZusammenfassungMitteilung Über ein Fall von ganglioneuroblastoma sympathicum — der sechste und grøsste der bisher bekannten — bei einer 30‐jährigen Frau, die stirbt durch Rezidiven und Kachexie trotz Versuch auf Exstirpation und intensive RÖntgenbehandlung.Das makro‐ und mikroskopische Aussehen des Tumors und der zahlreichen Glandelmetastasen wird beschrieben.Die frÜhere Fälle werden zusammengefasst.Es wird die mÖglichst frÜhe Exstirpation jedes ganglienzellenhaltigen Tumour angeräthet, da die MÖglichkeit einer späteren «malignen Degeneration» nie ausgeschlossen werden kann.Die Ursachen einer solchen «malignen Degeneration» sind vÖllig unbekannt.ResuméRapport sur un cas de ganglioneuroblastome sympathique — le 6′ et le plus grand des cas encore communiqués — chez une femme de 30 ans, qui meurt par récidives et cachexie, un attempt d'exstirpation et traitement intensive avec des X‐rays prouvant sans éffet.L'apparence macro‐ & microscopique du tumeur et des metastases aux glandes très nombreuses est décrie.Les cas jusque á ce date communiqués sont resumés.L'exstirpation plutôt possible est recommandée de tout tumeur contenant des cellules du ganglion, la possibilité d'une «degeneration maligne» future ne pouvant pas être exclue.Les causes d'une telle «degeneration maligne» sont tout à fait inconnuees.
ÜBER DIE GONOKOKKEN‐KOMPLEMENTBINDUNGS‐REAKTION BEI MEDIZINISCHEN GELENKLEIDEN
Authors: HOLBÖLL S. A. 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Unter 230 Patienten mit medizinischen Gelenkkrankheiten ist die kliuische Diagnose in 29 Fällen (= 12.6%) gonorrhoisehe Arthroitis.
Die Gonokokken‐Koinplementbindungs‐Reaktion erwies sich bei alien Patienten mit gonorrhoischer Arthroitis als positiv, während bei ungefähr 200 anderen Gelenkpatienten nnr 4 schwache und zweifelhafte Reaktionen beobachtet wurden.
Die Reaktion kann während der ersten Krankheitstage negativ bleiben, sie wird erst zu Anfang der 2ten Woche positiv und steigt alsdann bis zu einem Maximum, das für die einzelnen Fälle verschieden ist.
Bei 4 Patienten, die früher eine gonorrhoische Arthroitis gehabt haben und jetzt chronische Gelenksymptome aufweisen, ist die Reaktion nach 5–7 Jahren positiv.
Die Gonokokken‐Komplementbindungs‐Reaktion ist als eine siehere spezifische Reaktion zu bezeiehnen, die in einigen Fällen für die klinische Diagnose der gonorrhoischen Gelenk‐krankheiten eine gute Stütze bildet.
Periodontal inflammation and attachment loss: a critical problem for biological studies
Authors: Watts TLP 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: In biological studies of periodontitis, there has been long‐standing confusion between the ubiquitous phenomena of inflammation and the essential criterion of attachment loss. This is partly attributable to inadequate methods of clinical measurement, but seems also to be a consequence of an unproven and usually unstated assumption that the same biological processes underlie both inflammation and attachment loss. Developments in unidimensional clinical probing methods have helped in studies of periodontal treatment. However, such methods are intrinsically unsuitable in studies of periodontal diseases, and may have given them a false sense of security. The confusion has been compounded by inappropriate use of statistical techniques in an attempt to solve problems which do not arise from mathematical models but are intrinsic to measurement methods.OBJECTIVE: This paper is a clinician's attempt to state the current difficulties and suggest some ways forward, including the development of three‐dimensional measurement, non‐invasive probing, and several objectives for biochemical, microbiological and immunolog‐ical research.
Prevalence of oral leukoplakia in 1000 Berliners
Authors: Reichart PA , Kohn H 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral leukoplakia and other oral white lesions in an urban population of non‐referred patients to a department of oral surgery in the city of Berlin.DESIGN: A total of 1000 patients over the age of 16 were evaluated for oral leukoplakia and other oral white lesions. Age, sex, and smoking as well as alcohol habits were recorded.RESULTS: Of 506 men (50.6%) and 494 women (49.4%), 0.9% showed oral leukoplakia. Men were more frequently affected (I.6%) than women (0.2%). Patients of older age groups were more frequently affected than younger patients. Other white oral lesions were recorded such as leukoedema (8.3%), smoker's palate (0.I%), frictional white lesions (2.6%) and lichen planus (0.6%) with equal distribution between men and women.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of oral leukoplakia in this limited group of urban patients was low, however comparable to that of other neighbouring west European countries. Association with tobacco and alcohol consumption was demonstrated as in most other studies.
Hepatitis C virus infection and lichen planus: a short review
Authors: Lodi G. , Porter SR 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature regarding the association of lichen planus (LP) and liver disease, with particular attention to the association of the oral variant of the disease with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Available literature of the possible association of LP with systemic disorders, in particular chronic hepatic disease, has been reviewed. RESULTS: LP is sometimes associated with infectious or autoimmune disease and/or neoplasia, however an aetio‐logical association between LP and these disorders seems unlikely. A more consistent association exists between LP and chronic hepatic disease. The precise cause of this association is not known. However, in the last 6 years a notable association between HCV infection and LP has been observed, particularly in patients in Spain, Italy and Japan. The pathogenesis of this possible HCV‐associated LP is not known, but it may involve a cell mediated response to an altered epithelial antigen.CONCLUSION: There is now evidence to suggest a significant association between HCV infection and LP in some groups of patients.