bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness Study of Venlafaxine-XR Combined with Aripiprazole for Chronic or Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Nierenberg Andrew A. , Trivedi Madhukar H. , Gaynes Bradley N. , Mitchell Jeff , Davis Lori L. , Husain Mustafa M. , Wisniewski Stephen R. , Fava Maurizio , Warden Diane , Luther James F. , van Nieuwenhuizen Adrienne O. , Morris David W. , Shelton Richard C. , John Rush A. 
Published: October 2009

Objective: Although the second-generation antipsychotic, aripiprazole (ARI), has been approved as an adjunct for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD), neither ARI nor any second-generation antipsychotic has been assessed in combination with an antidepressant at the initiation of a treatment trial for non-treatment-resistant MDD. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess the safety, tolerability, and remission rate in the treatment of MDD using the specific combination of venlafaxine-XR (VEN-XR) and ARI in a generalizable, difficult-to-treat group with chronic or recurrent MDD. Methods: Self-declared participants in primary care or psychiatric settings who had chronic or recurrent MDD and a minimum score of 14 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression were included. Up to 12 weeks of open treatment with the combination of VEN-XR and ARI was provided. Participants began with VEN-XR, and ARI was added at week 2. Maximum allowable doses were 300 mg day–1 for venlafaxine-XR and 30 mg day–1 for ARI. Remission was defined as ≤ 5 on the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self-report (QIDS-SR16). Results: Fifty outpatients with non-psychotic MDD were enrolled (mean age = 43±11 years; 38% male; QIDS-SR16=15±3). Mean exit dose of VEN-XR was 227±97 mg day–1, and the mean exit dose of ARI was 11±7 mg day–1. The combination was well tolerated; 16% of participants discontinued due to side-effects. Approximately 70% achieved remission at some point during the trial, and 66% achieved remission at study exit. Conclusions: To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first study to combine an antidepressant and second-generation antipsychotic at the beginning of a treatment trial for chronic or recurrent non-treatment resistant MDD. VEN-XR and ARI combination appears to warrant further study in controlled trials.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Web-Based Treatment of Social Phobia Without Clinician Guidance
Authors: Titov Nickolai , Andrews Gavin , Choi Isabella , Schwencke Genevieve , Johnston Luke 
Published: October 2009

Objective: The aim of the present study was (Shyness 4) to determine which level of reminder best facilitated a clinician-free Internet treatment for social phobia. Method: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of an enhanced Internet treatment, with and without weekly telephone reminders, was done. Participants consisted of 163 volunteers with social phobia, who completed six lessons of computerized cognitive behaviour therapy for social phobia with complex automated reminders. Main outcome measures were the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Performance Scale. Results: Social phobia improved in both groups. Adherence (68% vs 81%) and improvement in social phobia (effect size = 0.86 vs 1.15) was better in the group with the added telephone reminders. Conclusions: Enhanced Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy without clinician guidance is a strong treatment for social phobia. Telephone reminders further improve outcome. Because both interventions are effective, it is a pragmatic decision for a practice or a service as to whether the 33% increase in efficacy justifies 1 h of practice nurse or receptionist time.
Clinician-Assisted Internet-Based Treatment is Effective for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Titov Nickolai , Andrews Gavin , Robinson Emma , Schwencke Genevieve , Johnston Luke , Solley Karen , Choi Isabella 
Published: October 2009

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of an Internet-based clinician-assisted computerized cognitive behavioural treatment (CaCCBT) programme for generalized anxiety disorder (the Worry programme). Methods: Forty-eight individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were randomly assigned to the Worry programme or to a waitlist control group. In the clinician-assisted Worry programme, participants complete six online lessons, weekly homework assignments, receive weekly email contact from a clinical psychologist, and contribute to a moderated online discussion forum with other participants. An intention-to-treat model was used for data analyses. The main outcome measures were Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 Item Scale (GAD-7) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Results: A total of 75% of treatment group participants completed all six lessons within the 9 week programme and post-treatment data were collected from 21/24 treatment group and 19/21 control group participants. Treatment group participants reported significantly reduced symptoms of worry as measured on the GAD-7 and PSWQ and reduced symptoms of depression as measured on the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 Item Scale (PHQ-9). Mean within- and between-groups effect sizes (Cohen's d) across the two measures of GAD were 1.3 and 1.1, respectively. Participants found the treatment programme acceptable and satisfactory. The clinician spent a total mean of 130 min per person over the programme. Conclusions: The Worry programme, the first randomized controlled trial of CaCCBT for GAD, resulted in clinically significant improvements. These results are consistent with literature indicating that Internet-based programmes, when combined with clinical guidance, can significantly reduce the symptoms of common mental disorders.
Expanding Australian Psychiatry Training Settings Beyond Metropolitan Public Hospitals: Background and Issues
Authors: Schweizer Yolanda , Spratt Christine , O'Connor Daniel W. 
Published: October 2009

Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the rationale behind the expansion of specialist psychiatry training positions outside of major public teaching hospitals, as expounded by the Australian Federal Government's Expanded Settings for Specialist Training (ESST) Program. Conclusion: Alternative training settings are required to help address the anticipated growth in numbers of medical graduates and to meet the need of psychiatry trainees for greater experience in treating high prevalence mental disorders. To progress the expansion of training settings within psychiatry, it is essential that comprehensive consultation be undertaken to understand the implications of this program for trainees, existing training facilities and expanded setting providers to ensure that all stakeholders, including patients and carers, derive benefit.
THE DETERMINANTS OF YOUTH TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT IN THE ENLARGED EUROPE
Authors: Baranowska Anna , Gebel Michael 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT
This article uses comparative micro data from the 2004 European Union Labour Force Survey (EULFS) for 23 European countries to study the impact of labour market institutions on the youth relative temporary employment probability. We find relatively high temporary employment rates for young workers in all countries but also a large cross-country variation in this respect. The results of multi-level regression analyses confirm that neither employment protection of regular contracts nor its interaction with the level of employment protection of temporary contracts affects the young people's relative risk. Instead, we find a positive association between collective bargaining coverage as a measure of insider–outsider cleavages and the relative temporary employment risk of young persons. These results remain robust even after controlling for macro-structural conditions, such as unemployment rate and business uncertainty.
Integration of heterogeneous expression data sets extends the role of the retinol pathway in diabetes and insulin resistance
Authors: Park Peter J. , Kong Sek Won , Tebaldi Toma , Lai Weil R. , Kasif Simon , Kohane Isaac S. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that involves both environmental and genetic factors. To understand the genetics of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, the DIabetes Genome Anatomy Project (DGAP) was launched to profile gene expression in a variety of related animal models and human subjects. We asked whether these heterogeneous models can be integrated to provide consistent and robust biological insights into the biology of insulin resistance.
Results: We perform integrative analysis of the 16 DGAP data sets that span multiple tissues, conditions, array types, laboratories, species, genetic backgrounds and study designs. For each data set, we identify differentially expressed genes compared with control. Then, for the combined data, we rank genes according to the frequency with which they were found to be statistically significant across data sets. This analysis reveals RetSat as a widely shared component of mechanisms involved in insulin resistance and sensitivity and adds to the growing importance of the retinol pathway in diabetes, adipogenesis and insulin resistance. Top candidates obtained from our analysis have been confirmed in recent laboratory studies.
Contact: Isaac_kohane@harvard.edu
Intracoronary infusion of bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells abrogates adverse left ventricular remodelling post‐acute myocardial infarction: insights from the reinfusion of enriched progenitor cells and infarct remodelling in acute myocardial infarction (REPAIR‐AMI) trial
Authors: Schächinger Volker , Assmus Birgit , Erbs Sandra , Elsässer Albrecht , Haberbosch Werner , Hambrecht Rainer , Yu Jiangtao , Corti Roberto , Mathey Detlef G. , Hamm Christian W. , Tonn Torsten , Dimmeler Stefanie , Zeiher Andreas M. ,   for the REPAIR‐AMI investigators
Published: September 2009

AimsDepressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) despite successful reperfusion therapy is the single most powerful predictor of progressive LV enlargement after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and independently determines adverse outcome in these patients.Methods and resultsWe investigated the effect of intracoronary administration of bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells (BMC) within 7 days after successful reperfusion therapy for AMI, on early (within 4 months) LV remodelling processes assessed by quantitative LV angiography. Overall, 95 patients received BMC and 92 patients received placebo. Remodelling was assessed as the changes in either LVEF and end‐systolic volume (ESV) or stroke volume and end‐diastolic volume (EDV) at 4 months, respectively. Baseline LVEF was inversely correlated with ESV expansion at 4 months in the placebo group, but not in the BMC group. Likewise, EDV expansion was significantly correlated with baseline LVEF in the placebo (r = −0.36, P < 0.001), but not in the BMC group (r = −0.17, P = 1.0). Analysing the interaction between convalescent LV contractile function and LV volumes revealed that the increase in LVEF or stroke volume did not occur at the expense of increases in ESV or EDV, respectively, in the BMC group.ConclusionIntracoronary administration of BMC eliminates the correlation between depressed LVEF after reperfusion therapy and LV expansion during follow‐up and, thereby, abrogates early LV remodelling after AMI.
Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) Trial
Authors: Zick Suzanna M. , Vautaw Bonnie Motyka , Gillespie Brenda , Aaronson Keith D. 
Published: September 2009

AimsHawthorn's efficacy when added to contemporary evidence‐based heart failure therapy is unknown. We aimed to determine whether hawthorn increases submaximal exercise capacity when added to standard medical therapy.Methods and resultsWe performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in 120 ambulatory patients aged ≥18 years with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II‐III chronic heart failure. All patients received conventional medical therapy, as tolerated, and were randomized to either hawthorn 450 mg twice daily or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was change in 6 min walk distance at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included quality of life (QOL) measures, peak oxygen consumption, and anaerobic threshold during maximal treadmill exercise testing, NYHA classification, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), neurohormones, and measures of oxidative stress and inflammation. There were no significant differences between groups in the change in 6 min walk distance (P = 0.61), or on measures of QOL, functional capacity, neurohormones, oxidative stress, or inflammation. A modest difference in LVEF favoured hawthorn (P = 0.04). There were significantly more adverse events reported in the hawthorn group (P = 0.02), although most were non‐cardiac.ConclusionHawthorn provides no symptomatic or functional benefit when given with standard medical therapy to patients with heart failure.This trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00343902.
The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In
Authors: Van Gorp Baldwin 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article aims, within the constructionist paradigm, at integrating culture into the framing process. Four characteristics are important for this approach: the distinction between the event, the media content, and the frame; the explicit attention to the reconstruction of frame packages; the relationship between frame packages and cultural phenomena; and the interaction between frame sponsors, key events, media content, schemata, and the stock of frames. An elaborated framing model is presented, and, subsequently, the constructionist approach is compared with priming and agenda setting. Finally, the methodological implications are discussed, in order to develop a strategy to reconstruct frame packages.
L’approche constructionniste au cadrage: ramener la culture
Baldwin Van Gorp
Department of Communication Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Pays-Bas
Diversity and abundance of insect visitors to flowers of trees and shrubs in a South African savannah
Authors: Mawdsley Jonathan R. , Sithole Hendrik 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study presents the results of a landscape‐scale survey for insect floral visitors in the Skukuza Ranger District, Kruger National Park, South Africa. Floral visitors were sampled from flowering trees and shrubs along linear transects spanning the entire district. Six plant species were sampled in the late dry season (Acacia grandicornuta Gerstner, A. nigrescens Oliver, Cassia abbreviata Oliver, Combretum hereroense Schinz, Combretum zeyheri Sonder, Euclea divonorum Hiern), and eleven plant species were sampled during the rainy season (Acacia exuvialis Verdcourt, A. grandicornuta Gerstner, A. nilotica (L.) Willdenow, A. tortilis (Forsskal) Hayne, Dichrostachys cinerea Miquel, Flueggea virosa (Roxburgh) Baillon, Grewia bicolor Jussieu, G. flava De Candolle, G. flavescens Jussieu, G. monticola Sonder, and Peltophorum africanum Sonder). Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera comprised the majority of floral visitors, while species of Blattodea, Diptera, Hemiptera and Neuroptera also occurred on flowers. Known or likely pollinators include bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Halictidae and Megachilidae) and scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). These plant species appear to have generalist pollination systems, with the exception of species of Grewia L., which appear to be pollinated primarily by bees. A provisional plant–pollinator food web is presented for the eleven species of trees and shrubs which flower during the rainy season.
Threat of rapid extermination of the lion (Panthera leo leo) in Waza National Park, Northern Cameroon
Authors: Tumenta P. N. , Kok J. S. , Van Rijssel J. C. , Buij R. , Croes B. M. , Funston P. J. , De Iongh H. H. , Udo de Haes H. A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLion populations in West and Central Africa are small and fragmented. In areas where park management is weak, threats will likely facilitate the extinction of the lion. Wildlife management requires knowledge of the population estimate. The population of lions in Waza National Park (Waza NP) was assessed by individual identification of members in the population. The population was assessed to comprise of 14–21 adult individual lions. The age structure was skewed towards adults; cubs comprised 22% of all lions identified while the sex ratio was 1 : 3. Two out of four collared lions were lost to illegal, retaliatory killings within 1 year; and probably two more males and one more female were also killed during this period. The lion population appears to have declined during the last 5 years with six lions dying per year, which is at a much higher rate than observed in the previous decades. Human‐livestock pressure has increased tremendously in this period, resulting to frequent human‐lion conflicts. To ensure the survival of the lion in Waza NP and in the entire region, management needs to intensify efforts to mitigate the pressure from humans and their livestock.
Confirmation and refinement of a QTL on BTA5 affecting milk production traits in the Fleckvieh dual purpose cattle breed
Authors: Awad A. , Russ I. , Emmerling R. , Förster M. , Medugorac I. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryWe analysed a QTL affecting milk yield (MY), milk protein yield (PY) and milk fat yield (FY) in the dual purpose cattle breed Fleckvieh on BTA5. Twenty‐six microsatellite markers covering 135 cM were selected to analyse nine half‐sib families containing 605 sons in a granddaughter design. We thereby assigned two new markers to the public linkage map using the CRI‐MAP program. Phenotypic records were daughter yield deviations (DYD) originating from the routinely performed genetic evaluations of breeding animals. To determine the position of the QTL, three different approaches were applied: interval mapping (IM), linkage analysis by variance component analysis (LAVC), and combined linkage disequilibrium (LD) and linkage (LDL) analysis. All three methods mapped the QTL in the same marker interval (BM2830‐ETH152) with the greatest test‐statistic value at 118, 119.33 and 119.33 cM respectively. The positive QTL allele simultaneously increases DYD in the first lactation by 272 kg milk, 7.1 kg milk protein and 7.0 kg milk fat. Although the mapping accuracy and the significance of a QTL effect increased from IM over LAVC to LDL, the confidence interval was large (13, 20 and 24 cM for FY, MY and PY respectively) for the positional cloning of the causal gene. The estimated averages of pair wise marker LD with a distance <5 cM were low (0.107) and reflect the large effective population size of the Fleckvieh subpopulation analysed. This low level of LD suggests a need for increase in marker density in following fine mapping steps.
The influence of extracellular matrix and prolactin on global gene expression profiles of primary bovine mammary epithelial cellsin vitro
Authors: Riley L. G. , Gardiner‐Garden M. , Thomson P. C. , Wynn P. C. , Williamson P. , Raadsma H. W. , Sheehy P. A. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryAnin vitrobovine mammosphere model was characterized for use in lactational biology studies using a functional genomics approach. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured on a basement membrane, Matrigel, formed three‐dimensional alveoli‐like structures or mammospheres. Gene expression profiling during mammosphere formation by high‐density microarray analysis indicated that mammospheres underwent similar molecular and cellular processes to developing alveoli in the mammary gland. Gene expression profiles indicated that genes involved in milk protein and fat biosynthesis were expressed, however, lactose biosynthesis may have been compromised. Investigation of factors influencing mammosphere formation revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM) was responsible for the initiation of this process and that prolactin (Prl) was necessary for high levels of milk protein expression.CSN3(encoding κ‐casein) was the most highly expressed casein gene, followed byCSN1S1(encoding αS1‐casein) andCSN2(encoding β‐casein). Eighteen Prl‐responsive genes were identified, includingCSN1S1,SOCS2andCSN2,however, expression ofCSN3was not significantly increased by Prl andCSN1S2was not expressed at detectable levels in mammospheres. A number of novel Prl responsive genes were identified, including ECM components and genes involved in differentiation and apoptosis. This mammosphere model is a useful model system for functional genomics studies of certain aspects of dairy cattle lactation.
Sequence polymorphisms in porcine homologs of murine coat colour‐related genes
Authors: Okumura N. , Hayashi T. , Uenishi H. , Fukudome N. , Komatsuda A. , Suzuki A. , Shibata M. , Nii M. , Yamaguchi T. , Kojima‐Shibata C. , Hamasima N. , Awata T. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryHerein, we report the variability among 57 porcine homologs of murine coat colour‐related genes. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) within 44 expressed gene sequences by aligning eight pig complementary DNA (cDNA) samples. The sequence alignment revealed a total of 485 SNPs and 15 InDels. The polymorphisms were then validated by performing matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) with reference DNA samples obtained from 384 porcine individuals. Of the 384 individuals, three parents of the experimental F2 family were included to detect polymorphisms between them for linkage mapping. We also genotyped previously reported polymorphisms of 12 genes, and one SNP each in three genes that were detected by performing a BLAST search of the Trace database. A total of 211 SNPs and three InDels were successfully genotyped from our porcine DNA panel. We detected SNPs in 33 of the 44 genes among the parents of an experimental F2 family and then constructed a linkage map of the 33 genes for this family. The linkage assignment of each gene to the porcine chromosomes was consistent with the location of the BAC clone in the porcine genome and the corresponding gene sequence. We confirmed complete substitutions of EDNRB and MLPH in the Jinhua and Clawn miniature breeds, respectively. Furthermore, we identified polymorphic alleles exclusive to each pig group: 13 for Jinhua, two for Duroc, three for Meishan, four for the Japanese wild boar, one for the Clawn miniature pig and four for the Potbelly pig.
Evaluation of 16 loci to examine the cross‐species utility of single nucleotide polymorphism arrays
Authors: Sechi T. , Coltman D. W. , Kijas J. W. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryLarge collections of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have recently been identified from a number of livestock genomes. This raises the possibility that SNP arrays might be useful for analysis in related species for which few genetic markers are currently available. To address the likely success of such an approach, the aim of this study was to examine the threshold number and position of flanking mutations which act to prevent genotype calls being produced. Sequence diversity was measured across 16 loci containing SNPs known either to work successfully between species or fail between species. In pairwise comparisons between domestic and wild sheep, sequence divergence surrounding working SNP assays was significantly lower than that surrounding non‐functional assays. In addition, the location of flanking mismatches tended to be closer to the target SNP in loci that failed to generate genotype calls across species. The magnitude of sequence divergence observed for both working and non‐functional assays was compared with the divergence separating domestic sheep from European Mouflon, African Barbary, goat and cattle. The results suggest that the utility of SNP arrays for analysis of shared polymorphism will be restricted to closely related pairs of species. Analysis across more divergent species will, however, be successful for other objectives, such as the identification of the ancestral state of SNPs.