bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of EAAT2 in neurons and protoplasmic astrocytes during human cortical development
Authors: DeSilva Tara M. , Borenstein Natalia S. , Volpe Joseph J. , Kinney Hannah C. , Rosenberg Paul A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe major regulators of synaptic glutamate in the cerebral cortex are the excitatory amino acid transporters 1–3 (EAAT1–3). In this study, we determined the cellular and temporal expression of EAAT1–3 in the developing human cerebral cortex. We applied single‐ and double‐label immunocytochemistry to normative frontal or parietal (associative) cortex samples from 14 cases ranging in age from 23 gestational weeks to 2.5 postnatal years. The most striking finding was the transient expression of EAAT2 in layer V pyramidal neuronal cell bodies up until 8 postnatal months prior to its expression in protoplasmic astrocytes at 41 postconceptional weeks onward. EAAT2 was also expressed in neurons in layer I (presumed Cajal–Retzius cells), and white matter (interstitial) neurons. This expression in neurons in the developing human cortex contrasts with findings by others of transient expression exclusively in axon tracts in the developing sheep and rodent brain. With western blotting, we found that EAAT2 was expressed as a single band until 2 postnatal months, after which it was expressed as two bands. The expression of EAAT2 in pyramidal neurons during human brain development may contribute to cortical vulnerability to excitotoxicity during the critical period for perinatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. In addition, by studying the expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2 glutamate transporters, it was possible to document the development of protoplasmic astrocytes. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3912–3932, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A backoff differentiation scheme for contention resolution in wireless converge‐cast networks
Authors: Wang Lei , Yuan Zhuxiu , Qin Zhenquan , Chen Yuanfang , Shu Lei , Li Xiang‐Yang 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYWireless converge‐cast networks (WCNs), such as data collection‐based wireless sensor networks, exhibit certain phenomena called funneling effect, where the region close to the sink node is heavily overloaded. In this paper, we identify that the funneling effect occurs not only close to the sink but also within the network region where nodes have collision and induce heavy traffic to relay; we name it hot‐spot funneling effect. This paper aims to improve the throughput and fairness of WCNs by mitigating the micro funneling effect. We propose a new mechanism, the backoff differentiation for contention resolution (BDCR), which is targeted to a system‐wide high throughput on the basis of the contention resolution mechanism. To achieve high spatial reuses, BDCR divides the network into several regions and does backoff differentiation within each region. Within each backoff differentiation region, the backoff window range is adjusted according to the traffic rate, and at the same time, the backoff values are set with the awareness of the traffic intensity level. All regions share the same algorithm, which uses Kelly's rate control theory and method to allow each sensor to locally adjust its backoff value. One of the key advantages of BDCR is that it is extremely easy to implement. With extensive simulations and testbed experiments, BDCR is proved to achieve much higher throughput over the traditional carrier sense multiple access and some recent media access control protocols in literature, particularly when the network suffers intensive congestions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructural Organization in Acetonitrile/Ionic Liquid Mixtures: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy
Authors: Bardak Fehmi , Xiao Dong , Hines Larry G. , Son Pillhun , Bartsch Richard A. , Quitevis Edward L. , Yang Peng , Voth Gregory A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe nanostructural organization and subpicosecond intermolecular dynamics in mixtures of acetonitrile and the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐pentyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl}amide ([C5mim][NTf2]) are studied as a function of concentration using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and optical heterodyne‐detected Raman‐induced Kerr effect spectroscopy. The MD simulations show the IL to be nanostructurally organized into an ionic network and nonpolar domains, with CH3CN molecules localized in the interfacial region between the ionic network and nonpolar domains, as found previously by other researchers. The MD simulations indicate strong interactions between CH3CN and the hydrogen atoms on the imidazolium ring of the cation. The low‐frequency (0–200 cm−1) intermolecular part of the reduced spectral densities (RSDs) of the mixtures narrows and shifts to lower frequency as the concentration of CH3CN increases. These spectral changes can be partly attributed to the increasing contribution of the low‐frequency intermolecular modes of CH3CN to the RSD. At a given composition, the RSD of a mixture is found to be broader and higher in frequency than the corresponding ideal RSD given by the volume‐fraction‐weighted sum of the RSDs of the neat liquids. This difference is rationalized in terms of the competition between CH3CN–cation interactions and solute‐induced disruption of the ionic networks.
A Light‐Assisted Biomass Fuel Cell for Renewable Electricity Generation from Wastewater
Authors: Chamousis Rachel L. , Osterloh Frank E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA solar‐energy‐driven biomass fuel cell for the production of electricity from wastewater using only air and light as additional resources is described. The device consists of a photoelectrochemical cell that contains a nanostructured titanium dioxide or tungsten trioxide film as photoanode and a platinum air electrode as cathode, in separate compartments. The TiO2 or WO3 films are fabricated from TiO2 nanocrystals or from sodium tungstate solutions on top of fluorine‐doped tin dioxide. Devices were tested with electrolyte only, synthetic wastewater, or with aqueous glucose solution, under irradiation with sunlight, broad spectral illumination, and monochromatic light. Measured light conversion efficiencies were between 0.007 % and 1.7 %, depending on conditions. The highest efficiency (1.7 %) and power output (0.73 mW cm−2) are determined for TiO2 electrodes under 395 nm illumination. In contrast to TiO2, the WO3 electrodes are active under visible light (>440 nm), but the IPCE value is low (2 %). Apart from limited visible‐light absorption, the overall performance of the device is limited by the substrate concentration in the water and by transport resistance through the cell.
A Lakeshore Modification Index and its association with benthic invertebrates in alpine lakes
Authors: Peterlin Monika , Urbanič Gorazd 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTLakeshores are under increasing pressure from human activities, which cause extensive hydromorphological alterations. In this article, a method is described for assessing those alterations by using physical criteria developed in relation to the response by the lakeshore ecosystem, using benthic invertebrates as indicators. Two alpine lakes (Lake Bled and Lake Bohinj, Slovenia) were used as a case study. Both lakes are subjected to varying levels of physical alterations and lakeshore uses, which are described using alteration variables for four lakeshore zones: littoral zone, shoreline zone, riparian zone and lakeshore region. On the basis of these four variables, a Lakeshore Modification Index (LMI) was developed as a weighted sum of all variables. The weights were based on each variable's explanatory power regarding the distribution of benthic invertebrate taxa using canonical correspondence analyses. Both the LMI and all four lakeshore zone alteration variables showed significant (p < 0.01) negative correlations with species richness, but the LMI showed the strongest correlation (Pearson r = −0.086, p < 0.01). Differences existed in the level of alteration of the two lakes, with Lake Bled being more altered than Lake Bohinj; Lake Bled also exhibited the highest values for all four alteration variables and the highest LMI score. With the use of a classification system with five equidistant LMI classes, a difference was observed between the lakes in the distribution of LMI classes (two‐sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test Z = 5.714, p < 0.01). An assessment and classification of lakeshore modifications based on physical criteria, similar to that given by the LMI, can provide an important tool for lake management in practice, where a reliable method for assessing pressures is needed to support decision‐making. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heck–Matsuda Reactions Catalyzed by a Hydroxyalkyl‐Functionalized NHC and Palladium Acetate
Authors: Peñafiel Itziar , Pastor Isidro M. , Yus Miguel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe functionalized NHC obtained from salt 2 is a good ligand for palladium in the Heck–Matsuda reaction of arenediazonium salts and different alkenes. The reaction is performed with low catalyst loading (0.5–1 mol‐% of Pd) and in the absence of a base for acrylates. The protocol is also useful for the preparation of cinnamide derivatives. Compound U‐77863 has been prepared successfully in good isolated yield. Cyclohexene was found to be an appropriate substrate for the reaction, giving the corresponding 1‐arylcyclohexene as a single regioisomer under the studied reaction conditions. The optimal parameters of the reaction were studied by employing a design of experiments approach. Thus, the use of a small set of reactions allows the trends of the different factors to be studied. This study revealed that the best catalytic system is formed by combination of Pd(OAc)2 and salt 2 in a 1:2 ratio. This catalytic system produces better results without the use of a base.
Dirhodium(II) Complexes of 2‐(Sulfonylimino)pyrrolidine: Synthesis and Application in Catalytic Benzylic Oxidation
Authors: Wusiman Abudureheman , Tusun Xiarepati , Lu Chong‐Dao 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new class of dirhodium(II) tetraamidinates derived from 2‐(sulfonylimino)pyrrolidines has been prepared through ligand substitution by using dirhodium(II) acetate, in which (3,1) geometric isomers are formed predominantly. Among these complexes, (3,1)‐Rh2(Msip)4, exhibits good catalytic performance in benzylic oxidation. In the presence of (3,1)‐Rh2(Msip)4 a variety of benzylic derivatives, including strongly electron‐deficient arylalkanes such as 1‐ethyl‐4‐nitrobenzene, are readily oxidized in water by the inexpensive oxidant T‐HYDRO® (70 wt.‐% aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide).
Using a fully coupled flow and geomechanical simulator to model injection into heavy oil reservoirs
Authors: Huang Hao , Wattenbarger R. Chick , Gai Xiuli , Brown William P. , Hehmeyer Owen J. , Wang Jianlin , Long Ted A. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, the geomechanical factors that may affect injection processes in heavy oil recovery are investigated. To accurately capture the geomechanical effects, we employed a numerical formulation that allows fully coupling of nonlinear geomechanical deformation and multicomponent porous media flows. Two salient features of this new coupling formulation are the following: (1) all flow and geomechanical equations are solved implicitly in one single matrix equation, and (2) it allows reuse of matrices from both a traditional fully implicit multicomponent reservoir simulator and a nonlinear geomechanics simulator. The former feature ensures stable coupling between the reservoir flow and geomechanics, and the latter significantly reduces the programming work. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and convergence performance of the new formulation.The proposed formulation is then applied to model injection into heavy oil reservoirs. The numerical investigation revealed that geomechanical factors, such asin situstress anisotropy and the uneven deformation of reservoir rock and attached impermeable rock, can result in skewed or nonuniform plastic strain and, hence, alter the sweep of the injected fluid. Coupled geomechanics simulation also gives rather different transient pressure response from that of uncoupled simulation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of 1‐hydrazinophosphonates via the reaction of aldazines with dialkyl phosphite
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Alipour Soheil 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA simple, efficient, and novel method has been developed for the synthesis of 1‐hydrazinophosphonic acids from aldazines. As described below, treatment of aldazines with diethyl phosphite gives the corresponding 1‐hydrazinophosphonic acids in good yields. The reaction proceeds under microwave irradiation at 110°C and neutral condition without any additives such as base, acid, or catalyst. This method is easy, rapid, and gives good yields for the 1‐hydrazinophosphonic acids. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:304–308, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21019
Aerobic fitness enhances relational memory in preadolescent children: The FITKids randomized control trial
Authors: Monti Jim M. , Hillman Charles H. , Cohen Neal J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIt is widely accepted that aerobic exercise enhances hippocampal plasticity. Often, this plasticity co‐occurs with gains in hippocampal‐dependent memory. Cross‐sectional work investigating this relationship in preadolescent children has found behavioral differences in higher versus lower aerobically fit participants for tasks measuring relational memory, which is known to be critically tied to hippocampal structure and function. The present study tested whether similar differences would arise in a clinical intervention setting where a group of preadolescent children were randomly assigned to a 9‐month after school aerobic exercise intervention versus a wait‐list control group. Performance measures included eye‐movements as a measure of memory, based on recent work linking eye‐movement indices of relational memory to the hippocampus. Results indicated that only children in the intervention increased their aerobic fitness. Compared to the control group, those who entered the aerobic exercise program displayed eye‐movement patterns indicative of superior memory for face‐scene relations, with no differences observed in memory for individual faces. The results of this intervention study provide clear support for the proposed linkage among the hippocampus, relational memory, and aerobic fitness, as well as illustrating the sensitivity of eye‐movement measures as a means of assessing memory. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medial temporal lobe projections to the retrosplenial cortex of the macaque monkey
Authors: Aggleton John P. , Wright Nicholas F. , Vann Seralynne D. , Saunders Richard C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe projections to the retrosplenial cortex (areas 29 and 30) from the hippocampal formation, the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and amygdala were examined in two species of macaque monkey by tracking the anterograde transport of amino acids. Hippocampal projections arose from the subiculum and presubiculum to terminate principally in area 29. Label was found in layer I and layer III(IV), the former seemingly reflecting both fibers of passage and termination. While the rostral subiculum mainly projects to the ventral retrosplenial cortex, mid and caudal levels of the subiculum have denser projections to both the caudal and dorsal retrosplenial cortex. Appreciable projections to dorsal area 30 [layer III(IV)] were only seen following an extensive injection involving both the caudal subiculum and presubiculum. This same case provided the only example of a light projection from the hippocampal formation to posterior cingulate area 23 (layer III). Anterograde label from the entorhinal cortex injections was typically concentrated in layer I of 29a–c, though the very caudal entorhinal cortex appeared to provide more widespread retrosplenial projections. In this study, neither the amygdala nor the perirhinal cortex were found to have appreciable projections to the retrosplenial cortex, although injections in either medial temporal region revealed efferent fibers that pass very close or even within this cortical area. Finally, light projections to area 30V, which is adjacent to the calcarine sulcus, were seen in those cases with rostral subiculum and entorhinal injections. The results reveal a particular affinity between the hippocampal formation and the retrosplenial cortex, and so distinguish areas 29 and 30 from area 23 within the posterior cingulate region. The findings also suggest further functional differences within retrosplenial subregions as area 29 received the large majority of efferents from the subiculum. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uncertainty in the estimation of backwater effects at bridge crossings
Authors: Brandimarte Luigia , Woldeyes Martha Kebede 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe presence of a bridge spanning over a river and its floodplain alters the condition of flow. In subcritical conditions, which are typical in alluvial rivers, this flow alteration results in the so‐called backwater effect, that is, an increase of the water surface elevation upstream of the structure as a response to increased energy losses. The extension of the expected backwater affected area and the increase in water surface elevation are highly dependent on the river morphology, bridge geometry, flow and floodplain characteristics and may originate upstream flooding. Thus, in many countries, at the stage of design a new bridge (or renovation works), a specific investigation on the backwater effect has to be undertaken to analyse its effect on the flooding of its vicinity. Bridge waterway hydraulics has been widely investigated in terms of practical research and some standard guidelines have been suggested for modelling the backwater effect at bridge crossings. Although the scientific literature has widely proven that hydraulic modelling is affected by many sources of uncertainty, the hydraulic modelling of backwater effects is still undertaken within a deterministic approach, based on the outcomes of a calibrated hydraulic model. This article aims at approaching the prediction of backwater effects at bridge crossings by accounting for the main sources of uncertainty affecting the hydraulic modelling exercise. A bridge over a highly vegetated floodplain (Tallahala Creek, Mississippi, USA) was considered for this analysis, and uncertainty in the model parameters and input data was assessed to predict backwater flood design profiles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parental representations: A systematic review of the working model of the child interview
Authors: Vreeswijk Charlotte M.J.M. , Maas A. Janneke B.M. , van Bakel Hedwig J.A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis review provides an overview of results that have been obtained in studies using the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI). The WMCI is a structured interview that assesses parents' internal working models of the relationship with their young children. From the current infant mental health perspective, evaluating the quality of parents' representations about the infant–parent relationship is the main focus in the assessment and treatment of infants and their parents. Empirical quantitative studies (N = 24 articles) in which the WMCI was used for data collection were used for analysis. The distribution of balanced, disengaged, and distorted representations differed among various study populations. Parents' internal representations as reflected in their narratives about their child are affected by various factors such as maternal, child, and demographic characteristics. The WMCI is a valid and useful clinical and research tool that can be used in future studies examining the role of parental representations in infant development.
Forgotten survivors of intimate‐partner violence: The role of gender and mothering in infant development
Authors: Tailor Ketan , Letourneau Nicole 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough gender and mothering are critical factors in the development of infants exposed to intimate‐partner violence (IPV), the majority of research has focused on school‐age and adolescent populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of gender in the relationship between mother–infant interaction and infant development in families of IPV. Maternal report was used to measure infants' cognitive and social functioning while mother–infant interaction quality was assessed through an observational measure. Participants consisted of 44 mothers and their infants (4–43 months of age). While male infants showed poorer fine motor, problem‐solving, and personal‐social skills than did their female counterparts, comparable gross motor and communication skills were demonstrated. Moderator analysis for gender indicated that the association among maternal cognitive growth fostering and gross motor skills was significantly stronger for boys than it was for girls. No other moderator effects were detected. Analysis examining age, gender by age, and infant competencies did not reveal significant effects. Implications for clinical practice are considered, with special attention paid to women as mothers.
Influence of behavioral concerns and early childhood expulsions on the development of early childhood mental health consultation in Colorado
Authors: Hoover Sarah D. , Kubicek Lorraine F. , Rosenberg Cordelia Robinson , Zundel Claudia , Rosenberg Steven A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article examines how the Colorado study Children With Social, Emotional and Behavioral Concerns and the Providers Who Support Them (S.D. Hoover, 2006) was used to advance a statewide agenda for early childhood mental health consultation in Colorado. The study involved a survey of licensed childcare providers throughout the state asking about the behavior of children in their care and their responses to that behavior. Exclusion of children from early care and education settings due to challenging behavior was found to be a significant problem taking a toll on families, children, and early care and education providers. Importantly, results from the survey indicated that the rate of exclusion of children from care due to challenging behavior was lower for family childcare providers who had access to mental health consultation. Recommendations are offered regarding the infrastructure needed to sustain mental health consultation capacity in early care and education settings, and related policies and practices.