bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traceability along the production chain of Italian tomato products on the basis of stable isotopes and mineral composition
Authors: Bontempo Luana , Camin Federica , Manzocco Lara , Nicolini Giorgio , Wehrens Ron , Ziller Luca , Larcher Roberto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe paper shows the variability of stable isotope ratios and mineral composition in tomato and derivatives along the production chain (juice, passata and paste) in order to evaluate the possibility of tracing their geographical origin. The ratios 13C/12C, 15N/14N, 18O/16O, D/H, 34S/32S and the content of Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, Ir, Tl, Pb, U and of nitrates, chlorides, sulphates and phosphates were measured by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Ion Chromatography, respectively. The tomato products were from three Italian regions – Piedmont, Emilia Romagna, and Apulia. By applying linear discriminant analysis on 17 of these parameters (Gd, La, Tl, Eu, Cs, Ni, Cr, Co, δ34S, δ15N, Cd, K, Mg, δ13C, Mo, Rb and U) excellent discrimination among products from the three regions was achieved. Irrespective of the processing technology, over 95% of the samples were correctly reclassified in cross‐validation into the production site. The use of these parameters will allow the development of analytical control procedures that can be used to check the geographical provenance of Italian tomatoes and products derived from them. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer‐guided rapid‐prototyped templates for segmental mandibular osteotomies: a preliminary report
Authors: Abou‐ElFetouh Adel , Barakat Ahmed , Abdel‐Ghany Khaled 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundSegmental mandibular resection represents a challenge to maxillofacial surgeons in terms of accurate contouring of reconstruction plates, restoration of mandibular symmetry and maintaining accurate condylar position in the glenoid fossae.MethodsWe propose a CAD/CAM technique for fabricating patient‐specific templates to symmetrically prebend reconstruction plates, guide osteotomies and reposition the condylar process in the proximal edentulous segment in its preoperative position. We operated on two patients using this new technique.ResultsThe custom‐made templates showed excellent passive fit on the respective mandibles and accurately guided the reciprocating saw blade along the resection margins. The template was also capable of maintaining the spatial relation of the resected mandibles and the patients experienced excellent repeatable occlusion. Superimposition of pre‐ and postoperative cone‐beam CT scans showed restoration of mandibular symmetry and maximum deviation of 0.4–1.4 (mean of 0.9) mm from the preoperative condylar position. The achieved resection margins using the template showed a mean distance of 1.17 mm from the virtually planned ones.ConclusionWe present an innovative computer‐guided template that allowed for accurate guidance of mandibular resection margins and condylar positioning. The technique needs to be applied in a larger cohort of patients to verify the results. Further modifications of the design and rigidity of the template might proof beneficial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young African American children's representations of self, science, and school: Making sense of difference
Authors: Varelas Maria , Kane Justine M. , Wylie Caitlin Donahue 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe focused on young, low‐income, African American children in first‐ to third‐grade classrooms where they experienced varied forms of interactive, participatory, and dialogic pedagogy in the context of yearlong, integrated science‐literacy instruction. Using conversations that started around children's own science journals, which were an important part of teaching and learning science in their classrooms, we studied 25 children's ideological becoming relative to the practices of science and schooling and the interplay between their selves and others. We found that “doing school” was a dominant narrative intertwined with “doing science.” Following behavioral codes and constructing smartness as a large amount of knowledge seemed to be an important part of their school world, antithetical in some ways to the active, inquisitive, questioning, flexible view of science and science learning that their classroom instruction aimed for. Nevertheless, children had also constructed valuable scientific practices and sophisticated conceptions that involved science as capital (social, cultural, or affective) for scientists and/or for themselves as scientists. How children made sense of their experiences in and out of school and interpreted their teacher's and peers' words and actions, and how they saw themselves as competent, were echoed in the varied ideological becoming in their science worlds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Sci Ed95:824–851, 2011
Electronic and adsorption properties of Ce‐Ag layers
Authors: Cabala Miloš , Veltruská Kateřina , Matolín Vladimír 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSilver has rarely been considered as the catalyst for CO oxidation, although it has been recognized to be very active in several partial oxidation reactions such as ethylene epoxidation and formaldehyde synthesis. It is generally believed that a metal support interaction plays an important role in catalytic processes. Therefore in our study, we examined electronic and adsorption properties of cerium deposited onto a polycrystalline silver substrate. Layers of approximately one monolayer of cerium deposited on a clean silver substrate were examined in situ using surface‐sensitive techniques—by XPS, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and low energy ion scattering (LEIS). CO molecular adsorption was observed by UPS and LEIS; experimental results exhibited CO adsorption on Ce atoms sites. Oxygen adsorption on deposited layers led to a strong oxidation; stoichiometry of oxidized layers was given by amount of adsorbed oxygen and by temperature. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of operating parameters on acid hydrolysis of ground wheat starch: Maximization of the sugar yield by statistical experiment design
Authors: Kapdan Ilgi K. , Kargi Fikret , Oztekin Rukiye 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFuels and chemicals production from carbohydrate rich waste materials has received considerable attentions in recent years. Pretreatment and hydrolysis are required stages during processing the waste materials for this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the optimum operating conditions in acid hydrolysis of ground wheat (GW) starch for maximum yield of total sugar (TS) formation. Hydrolysis reaction was realized by dilute sulfuric acid and heat treatment in an autoclave. Factorial experiment design was used to determine the significant variables affecting the yield of hydrolysis. The independent variables were particle size (Dp = <74 and 220 µm), acid concentration (A = 0.98–196 g/dm3), GW concentration (GW = 10–20 g/dm3), hydrolysis temperature (T = 90–130°C), and time (t = 5–60 min). The dependent variables were final TS concentration and hydrolysis yield (YH). The significant factors in the hydrolysis of GW were determined as GW concentration, acid (A) concentrations, and hydrolysis temperature (T). Box–Wilson statistical experimental design was used for optimization of hydrolysis conditions by considering the signficant factors. The optimal conditions, maximizing the hydrolysis yield (YH = 0.94) were A = 49 g/dm3 (0.5 M), T = 90°C, GW = 35 g/dm3 and t = 15 min. The most suitable A/GW ratio for the maximum hydrolysis yield of 94% was 1.3.
Regioselective Alkoxylation of 2,2,4‐Trimethyl‐1,3‐pentanediol
Authors: Rahman Mohammad A. , Su Biing‐Ming , Band Elliot , Islam Mojahedul 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn efficient procedure for the regioselective synthesis of secondary alcohol alkoxylates from 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐1,3‐pentanediol (TMPD) is described. TMPD was reacted with propylene oxide followed by ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of alkali metal hydroxide to form secondary alcohol alkoxylates. Instead of a mixture of compounds resulting from the reaction of TMPD and propylene oxide, the primary hydroxyl group of the TMPD reacted to form predominantly 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐3‐hydroxypentylpropoxylate as the major product. On further ethoxylation the less hindered secondary hydroxyl group of the 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐3‐hydroxypentylpropoxylate reacted predominantly. 13C NMR indicated that the secondary hydroxyl group (96.2 mol%) of TMPD remained unreacted during alkoxylation.
Nucleation and growth of nanoparticles during pulsed laser deposition in an ambient gas
Authors: Wang Y.L. , Chen C. , Ding X.C. , Chu L.Z. , Deng Z.C. , Liang W.H. , Chen J.Z , Fu G.S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present a method to determine where the nanoparticles nucleate and grow during pulsed laser deposition in an ambient gas. Briefly, nanocrystalline Si films are systemically deposited on the substrates located at a distance from the plasma and placed in horizontal direction; meanwhile an external electric field is introduced perpendicularly to the plume. Based on the transportation dynamics of Si nanoparticles corresponding to different electric fields, the lateral nucleation range of 0.1 to 33.8 mm is determined for Si nanoparticles deposited in 10 Pa Ar gas at a laser fluence of 4 J/cm2. Further simulation of the mass and area density of Si nanoparticles demonstrates that both nucleation and growth probabilities in nucleation region are approximately Gauss-dependent of the lateral distance.
Cardiac strangulation from epicardial pacemaker: early recognition and prevention
Authors: AlHuzaimi Abdullah , Roy Nathalie , Duncan Walter J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCardiac strangulation from epicardial pacemaker leads is a rare event that can be difficult to recognise and can cause serious complications such as cardiac failure or death. We describe a 3-year-old girl who received an epicardial pacing system as a neonate for complete congenital cardiac block and developed cardiac strangulation from the leads. The clinical presentation modes are reviewed and technical aspects for lead and generator positioning are discussed.
Recidivant central neurocytoma treated with radiosurgery: a case report
Authors: González Santiago Vilar , Rozos Alberto Pérez , Farpón Ruben Cabanillas , Barceló Andres Ribas , Fardoun Houssam Fardoun , Villas Sánchez María Victoria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCentral neurocytoma is a rare intraventricular brain tumour that affects young people and presents with increased intracranial pressure secondary to obstructive hydrocephalus. Typically, it has a favourable prognosis after complete resection. In some cases the clinical course could be more aggressive. In this report, we describe a case of recurrent central neurocytoma treated with radiosurgery after two consecutive relapses. An asymptomatic radionecrosis developed after that. At the moment the patient is in complete recovery. Finally, we discuss the role of postoperative irradiation in the treatment of this rare tumour.
Microbial community composition in sediments resists perturbation by nutrient enrichment
Authors: Bowen Jennifer L , Ward Bess B , Morrison Hilary G , Hobbie John E , Valiela Ivan , Deegan Linda A , Sogin Mitchell L 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Functional redundancy in bacterial communities is expected to allow microbial assemblages to survive perturbation by allowing continuity in function despite compositional changes in communities. Recent evidence suggests, however, that microbial communities change both composition and function as a result of disturbance. We present evidence for a third response: resistance. We examined microbial community response to perturbation caused by nutrient enrichment in salt marsh sediments using deep pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA and functional gene microarrays targeting the nirS gene. Composition of the microbial community, as demonstrated by both genes, was unaffected by significant variations in external nutrient supply in our sampling locations, despite demonstrable and diverse nutrient-induced changes in many aspects of marsh ecology. The lack of response to external forcing demonstrates a remarkable uncoupling between microbial composition and ecosystem-level biogeochemical processes and suggests that sediment microbial communities are able to resist some forms of perturbation.
Within-host competition determines reproductive success of temperate bacteriophages
Authors: Refardt Dominik 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Within-host competition between parasites is frequently invoked as a major force for parasite evolution, yet quantitative studies on its extent in an organismal group are lacking. Temperate bacteriophages are diverse and abundant parasites of bacteria, distinguished by their ability to enter a facultative dormant state in their host. Bacteria can accumulate multiple phages that may eventually abandon dormancy in response to host stress. Host resources are then converted into phage particles, whose release requires cell death. To study within-host competition between phages, I used the bacterium Escherichia coli and 11 lambdoid phages to construct single and double lysogens. Lysogenic bacterial cultures were then induced and time to host cell lysis and productivity of phages was measured. In double lysogens, this revealed strong competitive interactions as in all cases productivity of at least one phage declined. The outcome of within-host competition was often asymmetrical, and phages were found to vary hierarchically in within-host competitive ability. In double infections, the phage with the shorter lysis time determined the timing of cell lysis, which was associated with a competitive advantage when time differences were large. The results emphasize that within-host competition greatly affects phage fitness and that multiple infections should be considered an integral part of bacteriophage ecology.
Inhibition of lipolysis in Type 2 diabetes normalizes glucose disposal without change in muscle glycogen synthesis rates
Authors: Lim Ee L. , Hollingsworth Kieren G. , Smith Fiona E. , Thelwall Peter E. , Taylor Roy 
Published: March 2011

Suppression of lipolysis by acipimox is known to improve insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and this is an important phenomenon. The mechanism has been assumed to be an enhancement of glucose storage as glycogen, but no direct measurement has tested this concept or its possible relationship to the reported impairment in insulin-stimulated muscle ATP production. Isoglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamps with [13C]glucose infusion were performed on Type 2 diabetic subjects and matched controls with measurement of glycogen synthesis by 13C MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) of muscle. 31P saturation transfer MRS was used to quantify muscle ATP turnover rates. Glucose disposal rates were restored to near normal in diabetic subjects after acipimox (6.2±0.8 compared with 4.8±0.6 mg·kgffm−1·min−1; P&lt;0.01; control 6.6±0.5 mg·kgffm−1·min−1; where ffm, is fat-free mass). The increment in muscle glycogen concentration was 2-fold higher in controls compared with the diabetic group, and acipimox administration to the diabetic group did not increase this (2.0±0.8 compared with 1.9±1.1 mmol/l; P&lt;0.05; control, 4.0±0.8 mmol/l). ATP turnover rates did not increase during insulin stimulation in any group, but a modest decrease in the diabetes group was prevented by lowering plasma NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids; 8.4±0.7 compared with 7.1±0.5 μmol·g−1·min−1; P&lt;0.05; controls 8.6±0.8 μmol·g−1·min−1). Suppression of lipolysis increases whole-body glucose uptake with no increase in the rate of glucose storage as glycogen but with increase in whole-body glucose oxidation rate. ATP turnover rate in muscle exhibits no relationship to the acute metabolic effect of insulin.
Intussusception: Incidence and Treatment—Insights From the Nationwide German Surveillance
Authors: Jenke Andreas Christoph , Klaaßen‐Mielke Renate , Zilbauer Matthias , Heininger Ulrich , Trampisch Hans , Wirth Stefan 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTObjective:Intussusception (IS) is one of the most common paediatric emergencies, and the best mode of conservative reduction and its exact incidence remains unclear. For different reasons, availability of reliable incidence data are useful and additionally may be fundamental to monitor potential effects of recently introduced rotavirus (RV) vaccines.Methods:We performed a prospective German nationwide surveillance between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2007, followed by separate collection of all IS cases in a random sample of 31 clinics for an unbiased estimation of underreporting. For case definition, the Brighton Collaboration (BC) criteria were applied.Results:A total of 1200 children with at least 1 episode of IS were included. For children younger than 1 year the incidence was calculated to be 60.4/100,000 child‐years. The risk for surgery increased 2‐fold if the interval between onset of symptoms and first attempt of conservative reduction exceeded 5 hours (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–3.1). We also observed a 2.8‐fold increased risk for surgery for hydrostatic (CI 1.2–6.4) and a 3.7‐fold for barium enema reduction (CI 1.6–8.8) compared to pneumatic reduction. The level of specialisation of the hospital did not influence the success of conservative management.Conclusions:For children with IS a fast attempt of pneumatic reduction seems to be the optimal management. Considering the current practice we estimated that approximately 104 (CI 46–161) surgical interventions would be preventable in Germany every year. Also, conduction of reliable postmarketing monitoring of the new RV vaccines is now possible based on the provided incidence data.
High Incidence of PRSS1 and SPINK1 Mutations in Korean Children With Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Lee Yeoun Joo , Kim Kyung Mo , Choi Jin Ho , Lee Beom Hee , Kim Gu‐Hwan , Yoo Han‐Wook 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:We evaluated the frequencies and clinical consequences of mutations in the genes encoding cationic trypsinogen, serine protease 1 (PRSS1), and serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) in children with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP).Patients and Methods:The study population consisted of 32 children with ARP or CP and 28 healthy controls. We analyzed clinical data and the sequences of the entire coding region and the intron‐exon boundaries of the PRSS1 and SPINK1 genes from each patient.Results:Fifteen (46.9%) of the 32 patients had at least 1 PRSS1 or SPINK1 mutation. Four (12.5%) of the 32 patients carried the p.N29I, p.R122H, or p.N29T mutation or a p.G208A variant of the PRSS1 gene in a heterozygote state. Eleven (34.4%) of the 32 patients carried either the IVS3 + 2T>C or p.N34S mutation of the SPINK1 gene. No PRSS1 or SPINK1 mutations were identified in the control group. In particular, mutations were identified in 4 of our patients who experienced pancreas divisum with CP, whereas the remaining 2 patients with pancreas divisum and ARP did not have mutation.Conclusions:The frequencies of the PRSS1 and SPINK1 mutations are relatively high in Korean children with ARP or CP. Mutations in the PRSS1 and SPINK1 genes are highly associated with the development of childhood ARP or CP. Our findings suggest that patients with genetic mutations combined with pancreas divisum tend to develop CP early.
The effects of Mycobacteria vaccae derivative on allergen-specific responses in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Dunstan J A , Brothers S , Bauer J , Hodder M , Jaksic M M , Asher M I , Prescott S L 
Published: March 2011

Summary
The capacity of microbial products to inhibit allergic inflammation make them logical candidates for novel therapies in allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis. To assess the effects of intradermal Mycobacterium vaccae derivative on allergen-specific immune responses in children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from children aged 5–16 years who received intradermal injections of M. vaccae derivative AVACTM (n = 26) or placebo (n = 34) three times at 2-weekly intervals, weeks 0, 2 and 4. Cytokine [interleukin (IL)-13, interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-10] responses to allergen [house dust mite (HDM)], mitogen [phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)], Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands were assessed. At week 8 (1 month after all injections given) children in the AVAC group showed a significant increase in IL-10 (P = 0·009), T helper type 1 (Th1) IFN-γ (P = 0·017) and Th2 IL-13 (P = 0·004) responses to HDM compared with baseline (week 0). There were no significant changes in any cytokine production in the placebo. HDM-specific IL-10 responses remained significantly higher (P = 0·014) than at baseline in the AVAC group by week 12; however, the HDM-specific IL-13 and IFN-γ responses were no longer significantly different from baseline. IL-13 (r = 0·46, P &lt; 0·001) and IL-10 (r = 0·27, P = 0·044) responses to HDM were correlated with total immunoglobulin E but not with disease severity. There were no effects of AVAC on mitogen, SEB, TLR-2- or TLR-4-mediated responses. This M. vaccae derivative appeared to modulate responses to HDM selectively, suggesting the capacity for in vivo effects on allergen-specific immune responses.
The augmented neutrophil respiratory burst in response toEscherichia coliis reduced in liver cirrhosis during infection
Authors: Bruns T , Peter J , Hagel S , Herrmann A , Stallmach A 
Published: March 2011

SummarySeveral functional abnormalities in phagocytes from patients with liver cirrhosis contribute to an increased risk of infection. An increased resting respiratory burst has been observed in neutrophils from cirrhotic patients. We investigated whether an infection in cirrhosis affects the respiratory burst capacity of neutrophils and monocytes in response to Escherichia coli. This study included 45 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis and clinical signs of infection, 39 patients with liver cirrhosis in the absence of infection and 29 healthy subjects. Respiratory burst, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and immunoglobulin (Ig)G-autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ab-oxLDL) were measured. The fraction of neutrophils spontaneously producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) was elevated in liver cirrhosis (P &lt; 0·01). The neutrophil resting burst increased with Child–Pugh stage (P = 0·02) and correlated with augmented ROS release in response to opsonized E. coli (P &lt; 0·05). Although LBP was increased in patients with cirrhosis (P &lt; 0·01), higher LBP levels correlated with a lower resting burst in neutrophils (rs = –0·395; P &lt; 0·01). In the presence of infection, the resting burst was unaltered. However, neutrophil ROS release in response to E. coli was reduced markedly (P = 0·01), and it decreased as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration rose (rs = −0·437; P &lt; 0·01), indicating the development of a sepsis-like immune paralysis. A positive correlation between ab-oxLDL and ROS release was observed (P &lt; 0·01). In conclusion, the respiratory burst increases with severity of liver cirrhosis but is restrained by increasing LBP levels. Augmented ROS release in response to E. coli is accompanied by elevated markers of oxidative damage and becomes exhausted in the presence of infection.