bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Measure of Adolescent Leisure Interests
Authors: Henry Alexis D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. Two studies examined the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Adolescent Leisure Interest Profile (ALIP), an 86-item measure of adolescent leisure activity interest, leisure participation, and feelings about leisure. In addition, leisure activity interests and participation f adolescents with and without disabilities were described, and the ability of the ALIP to discriminate among four groups of adolescents was examined.
Method. After preliminary item development, two separate reliability studies of the ALIP were conducted. The ALIP was administered twice to 88 adolescents with psychiatric, learning, and physical disabilities and to 28 adolescents without disabilities. In both studies, the second administration took place from 7 days to 14 days after the first. In addition, data from the first administration in both reliability studies were combined to examine the ability of the ALIP to discriminate among adolescents with and without disabilities.
Results. Using Cronbach’s alpha to estimate internal consistency and Pearson product-moment correlations to examine test-retest reliability, acceptable levels of reliability for total scores derived from the ALIP were found in both studies. Virtually all test-retest reliability coefficients for the six total scores exceeded. 60 for all participants except those with learning disabilities. Internal consistency estimates for a total score of overall level of interest in the activities exceeded .90 in both studies. Although there were few differences among the four study groups in terms of activity leisure interests or participation, there was some evidence that total scores on the ALIP can discriminate among adolescents with and without disabilities.
Conclusion. The ALIP appears to have good reliability and may be useful as a clinical and research tool.
Parents’ Report of Sensory Responsiveness and Temperament in Preterm Infants
Authors: Case-Smith Jane , Butcher Linda , Reed Diana 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. Although most infants born prematurely do not have major developmental problems, those with perinatal medical problems and lengthy stays in the neonatal intensive care unit are at risk for sensory modulation problems and developmental sequelae. This study compared sensory responsiveness in preterm and full-term infants and examined the relationship of sensory responsiveness to temperament and developmental function.
Method. Caregivers of infants with (n = 45) and without (n = 22) prematurity were asked to complete the Sensory Rating Scale. The preterm infants were also evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID-II).
Results. The preterm infants exhibited more frequent behaviors indicating tactile defensiveness and difficult temperament than did the full-term infants. When specific items were examined, the preterm infants displayed sensory-seeking behaviors and high activity levels. As measured by caregivers report, sensory responsiveness was significantly related to temperament. It was not related to BSID-II Mental and Psychomotor scale scores.
Conclusion. This study supports the findings of others that preterm infants have mild problems in sensory responsiveness and temperament. Correlational results do not support a definitive relationship between parents reports of their infants sensory responsiveness and developmental function.
Physiological and Perceptual Responses During Household Activities Performed by Healthy Women
Authors: Andrew Mavis , Bhambhani Yagesh , Wessel Jean 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to describe the physiological and perceptual responses during two physically demanding household tasks: cleaning the bathroom and vacuuming the living room. It also examined the relationship between predicted aerobic fitness and the physiological responses during the two tasks.
Method. Seventeen healthy women between 30 and 50 years of age volunteered as participants. They were interviewed to gather demographic information required for prediction of aerobic fitness and observed while performing each task for 17 min to 20 min in their own home.
Results. The heart rate, an index of circulatory strain, varied considerably among the participants and was moderately high during both tasks. Vacuuming the living room had a higher level of circulatory strain and perceived exertion than cleaning the bathroom. An inverse relationship existed between the predicted aerobic fitness and heart rate responses during the two tasks.
Conclusion. Routine household tasks result in a significant circulatory strain in healthy women. Persons with high levels of aerobic fitness experience a lower degree of circulatory strain.
The Ramifications of Regulatory Reform
Authors: Moyers Penelope A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article examines the regulatory reform proposals for the health care workforce recently proposed by politicians and members of the Pew Health Professions Commission. These proposals attempt to address issues related to state practice acts, competence, advanced practice, “boundaryless” practice, the disciplinary process, consumerism, and umbrella legislation. Questions are presented for each issue to guide practitioners when deliberating about possible actions professional organizations can take in proposing legislation at the state level Various external forces shape each issue and lead to the need to seek such regulatory reform as improving disciplinary processes and activity, assessing competence beyond the entry level, and increasing involvement of consumers. However, there are risks associated with any proposed regulatory reform, particularly if one realizes the potential financial costs associated with competency assessment and advanced-practice regulation. We must also carefully examine any reform proposals that advocate title protection and the licensing of invasive procedures in place of licensing professionals. The fact remains that the impact on quality of care and long-term cost-effectiveness from the unrestricted use of less qualified professionals and unlicensed aide-level personnel to provide skilled services has not been adequately determined.
The Competent Scholar
Authors: Mosey Anne Cronin 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Scholars in occupational therapy are responsible for ensuring that the profession’s body of knowledge is so formulated that it provides the foundation for carrying out the work of the profession effectively, compassionately, and ethically. This article delineates the knowledge, skills, and typical personal attributes of competent scholars. Some suggestions are offered about how the occupational therapy profession might increase its number of competent scholars.
Alleviating Gender Role Strain in Adult Men With Traumatic Brain Injury: An Evaluation of a Set of Guidelines for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Gutman Sharon A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. A set of guidelines to assist men with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to alleviate gender role strain was assessed to determine its effectiveness and acceptability to participants.
Method. Four adult male participants with TBI received the intervention (the set of guidelines) for 4 months. The intervention consisted of rebuilding self-identified gendered social roles and activities. Focused interviews and participant observation were used to determine whether gender role strain changed after intervention.
Results. The participants reported that the intervention enabled them to (a) enhance their gender role satisfaction through newly rebuilt roles and activities, (b) attain certain long-held personal goals, (c) feel more like members of society, (d) perceive a greater congruency between their internal self-images and external postinjury roles, (e) learn more about personal skills and values as men, (f) feel more comfortable using help-seeking behaviors, (g) feel a sense of shared experience and affinity, (h) feel more understood and accepted, and (i) contribute to others through community member roles.
Discussion. The set of guidelines for alleviating gender role strain was effective in assisting these participants to enhance their gender role satisfaction through rebuilding desired male-gendered social roles and activities. Dating, courtship, extended family member, community member, friend, and mentor–protege roles, lost as a result of TBI, were rebuilt through gender-neutral activities that facilitated a sense of volitional control, competency, and normalcy. Nonetheless, the men continued to lack desired rites of passage leading from male adolescence to adulthood.
Teaching Portfolios: An Effective Strategy for Faculty Development in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Zubizarreta John 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The special challenge of the occupational therapy practitioner embracing the role of faculty member is discovering a formative process of continual improvement that will also serve as an authentic assessment of teaching and learning within the particular disciplinary boundaries of occupational therapy. Although other means achieve such complex aims, the teaching portfolio is a powerful tool for fostering reflective practice and for creating an ongoing record of substantial evidence. A teaching portfolio is an evidence-based, written document in which a faculty member, working in collaboration with a mentor, concisely organizes selective details of teaching accomplishment and effort and uses such information to document his or her teaching enterprise. More importantly, the faculty member uses the information for reflective analysis, leading to improvement of teaching and student learning. The emphasis on reflection, analysis, evidence, and mentoring suggests that the teaching portfolio can set the stage for meaningful collaboration in a system of evaluation that is based appropriately on recorded evidence of improvement and demonstrated positive outcomes of student learning.
Issues in Developing a Faculty Evaluation System
Authors: Arreola Raoul A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The increasing demands for accountability in higher education are resulting in calls for important personnel decisions— such as promotion, tenure, pay, and continuation—to be based directly on the outcomes of systematic faculty evaluations. This article provides a step-by-step procedure for developing a fair and meaningful faculty evaluation system on which such personnel decisions can be based. The procedure systematically involves faculty and administrators in the design and development of a faculty evaluation program that reflects the unique values, priorities, and heritage of an institution. The resultant faculty evaluation system integrates data from students, peers, and administrators to provide meaningful evaluative information for both faculty use in self-improvement efforts and administrative use in making personnel decisions that are based on a valid and reliable faculty performance record.
A Historical Cross-Disciplinary Perspective on the Professional Doctorate in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Pierce Doris , Peyton Claudia 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Clinical doctorates are emerging in occupational therapy. By examining the development of clinical doctorates in medicine, dentistry, psychology, pharmacy, nursing, and physical therapy, implications can be drawn for the future of occupational therapy education. These histories offer us a sense of the distinct purpose and curricular structure of the professional doctorate, its successes and problems, its general sequence of unfolding, the political dynamics surrounding it, and the potential it holds for supporting the profession’s capacity for service to patients.
Discharge Planning in Mental Health: The Relevance of Cognition to Community Living
Authors: McAnanama Edward P. , Rogosin-Rose Marci L. , Scott Elizabeth A. , Joffe Russell T. , Kelner Merrijoy 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive disability and performance of daily living skills and stability of cognitive level after discharge in a sample of adult psychiatric inpatients (N = 40).
Method. The Allen Cognitive Level Test-90 (ACL-90) was administered at time of discharge (Time I) and at 21 days to 28 days after discharge (Time II). The self-report version of the revised Routine Task Inventory (RTI-2) was also administered at Time II.
Results. No significant correlation was found between the ACL-90 at Time I and the RTI-2 scores; however, significant correlations were found between the ACL-90 scores at both times and between the ACL-90 score at Time II and the RTI-2 scores.
Conclusion. The findings suggest that cognitive level remains relatively stable over a 1-month period in the postacute stage of a psychiatric illness. Cognitive level and performance of daily living skills are related, but the relationship is sensitive to time. Implications for occupational therapy assessment include recognizing the temporal constraints of functional assessments and refining instruments to be more sensitive to performance of familiar tasks, taking into consideration client adaptation to exigencies.
The Effect of Context on Skill Acquisition and Transfer
Authors: Ma Hui-ing , Trombly Catherine A. , Robinson-Podolski Carolyn 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. A major concern of occupational therapy is the identification of context characteristics that optimize performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of context on skill acquisition and transfer.
Method. Forty college students without disabilities (12 men, 28 women) were randomly assigned to the task of learning to use chopsticks in either a natural or a simulated context. Each participant practiced 60 trials in an acquisition phase on 1 day and was tested on a transfer task 24 hr after the acquisition phase. Their performances in the acquisition and transfer phases were measured with the variables of success rate and reaching kinematics.
Results. The natural context elicited significantly larger improvement of success rate in the acquisition phase and a significantly higher success rate in the transfer phase than the simulated context. No major difference was found in kinematic variables between the two contexts.
Conclusion. These results suggested the use of natural contexts to facilitate the outcome of motor skill learning.
The Effect of Keeping an End-Product on Intrinsic Motivation
Authors: Murphy Susan , Trombly Catherine , Tickle-Degnen Linda , Jacobs Karen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. According to literature in occupational therapy and psychology, intrinsic motivation is thought to be enhanced if people can keep the end-product of an activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of keeping an end-product on intrinsic motivation.
Method. Fifty participants chose one of four activities (painting a ceramic vase, decorating cookies, stringing beads for a necklace, creating stationery) and performed two conditions (keep, no-keep) in counterbalanced order. Participants were timed in each condition and, after each condition, ranked their self-determination and competence, which are psychological needs underlying intrinsic motivation. Participants were interviewed at the end of the study to examine their experiences.
Results. Participants worked significantly longer on a chosen activity when the end-product could be kept and rated themselves significantly more self-determined and competent after performing the keep condition. However, further analysis revealed that these results depended on the activity chosen.
Conclusion. The findings support that keeping an end-product can enhance performance of an activity. However, because results were not consistent across all activity choices, further research is needed to characterize the meaningfulness of particular activities.
Factors Influencing Compliance With Home Exercise Programs Among Patients With Upper-Extremity Impairment
Authors: Chen Chiung-Ying , Neufeld Peggy Strecker , Feely Christine A. , Skinner Celette Sugg 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. Patient cooperation and satisfaction with home exercise programs are important for successful outcomes of intervention. This study investigated factors from three models to predict increased compliance and satisfaction with home exercise programs: the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), including the volition subsystem (interests), habituation subsystem (roles), and performance subsystem (reported physical capacity); the Health Belief Model (HBM), including perceived barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, and severity; and the Health Locus of Control (HLOC).
Method. Sixty-two outpatients at an orthopedic upper-extremity rehabilitation facility completed a battery of questionnaires and self-report instruments, including a health belief survey to assess HBM factors, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, the Modified Activity Profile to assess the performance subsystem of the MOHO, a demographic questionnaire (including roles), a report of home exercise, and a satisfaction scale of their therapist’s treatment. Compliance was determined by comparing participants’ report of exercises performed to exercises specified on their medical chart.
Results. Stepwise regression identified two predictors of compliance: perceived self-efficacy and internal HLOC, R2 = .16.
Conclusion. Results supported the role of the MOHO’s volition subsystem, but roles and physical capacity—representing the habituation and performance subsystems of the MOHO—did not contribute significantly to the prediction of compliance.
How To Detect Effects: Statistical Power and Evidence-Based Practice in Occupational Therapy Research
Authors: Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Maas Frikkie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The findings from 30 research investigations examining the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions were reviewed and analyzed. The statistical conclusion validity was determined by computing post hoc power coefficients for the statistical hypothesis tests included in the examined studies. Data analysis revealed the median power values to detect small, medium, and large effect sizes were .09, .33, and .66, respectively. These results suggest a high probability of Type II errors in the sample of occupational therapy intervention research examined. In practical terms, this means the intervention produced a potentially useful treatment effect, but the effect was not detected as significant. Examples are provided that illustrate how low statistical power contributes to increases in Type II errors and inhibits the development of consensus through replication in the research literature. The presence of low-power studies with high rates of false negative findings prevents the establishment of guidelines for evidence-based practice and impedes the scientific progress of rehabilitation professions such as occupational therapy.
A Comparison of Two Computer Input Devices for Uppercase Letter Matching
Authors: Durfee Julie L. , Billingsley Felix E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. To determine whether the Touch Window or the mouse with an enlarged on-screen arrow was more effective or efficient for an on-screen letter-matching task completed by a boy 9 years of age with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy and visual and cognitive deficits.
Method. A single-subject research design of 5 treatment phases, A1, B1, A2, B2, and A & B, was used. The total percentage of correct letter matches per treatment session, the total percentage correct per letter, and the amount of time needed to match 5 consecutive letters correctly were evaluated.
Results. The range and variability of letters correctly matched per session decreased and trends for correct letter matches accelerated when the participant used the mouse interface. Accuracy with matching 18 of 26 (69%) letters of the alphabet increased when selections were made with the mouse interface. The participant was faster when using the Touch Window to match 5 consecutive letters correctly; however, regardless of the interface device used, letter matching remained slow and tedious.
Conclusion. The mouse with an enlarged on-screen arrow and cursor was the more effective interface device with this child. Making a minor adjustment such as increasing the size of the on-screen arrow can make a common piece of equipment accessible to a person with disabilities.
The Relationship Between Playfulness and Coping in Preschool Children: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saunders Irene , Sayer Mary , Goodale Anne 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. Effective play and coping skills may be important determinants of children’s adaptive behavior. Play and coping have undergone extensive individual study; however, these two variables have not been explored in relationship to each other.
Method. The play behaviors of 19 randomly selected preschool children were rated by researchers using The Test of Playfulness. The children’s coping skills were rated by their teachers with the Coping Inventory.
Results. A positive, significant correlation was found between children’s level of playfulness and their coping skills. Overall, girls were rated as more playful than boys and scored higher in coping skills. Younger children (36–47 months of age) were rated as better players and copers than older children (47–57 months of age).
Conclusion. This pilot study supports occupational therapy intervention in children’s play environments and playful interactions as a way of influencing their adaptability in all life skills.
A Child’s Occupational Performance: Considerations of Sensory Processing and Family Context
Authors: Dunbar Sandra Barker 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Sensory processing problems can be serious enough to affect a child’s performance in school and home environments but often go undetected or are misunderstood. Poor sensory processing can affect a child’s ability to successfully perform daily activities because of its effect on cognitive, sensory, and motor development. The relationship of sensory processing to children’s occupational performance in their daily lives is an important consideration.