bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zn promoted GaZrOx Ternary Solid Solution Oxide Combined with SAPO‐34 Effectively Converts CO2 to Light Olefins with Low CO Selectivity
Authors: Liu Shike , Yang Kun , Ren Qixia , Liu Fei , Yao Mengqin , Ma Jun , Geng Shuo , Cao Jianxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe proposed a new strategy for CO2 hydrogenation to prepare light olefins by introducing Zn into GaZrOx to construct ZnGaZrOx ternary oxides, which was combined with SAPO‐34 to prepare a high–performance ZnGaZrOx/SAPO‐34 tandem catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins. By optimizing the Zn doping content, the ratio and mode of the two–phase composite, and the process conditions, the 3.5 %ZnGaZrOx/SAPO‐34 tandem catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance and good high–temperature inhibition of the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The catalyst achieved 26.6 % CO2 conversion, 82.1 % C2=−C4= selectivity and 11.8 % light olefins yield. The ZnGaZrOx formed by introducing an appropriate amount of Zn into GaZrOx significantly enhanced the spillover H2 effect and also induced the generation of abundant oxygen vacancies to effectively promote the activation of CO2. Importantly, the RWGS reaction was also significantly suppressed at high temperatures, with the CO selectivity being only 46.1 % at 390 °C.
Semi‐continuous non‐sterile production of medium chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates from fatty acids
Authors: Blunt Warren , Lagassé Alain , Harvey Jacob , Sparling Richard , Gapes Daniel , Levin David , Cicek Nazim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMedium chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl‐PHAs) are efficiently synthesized from fatty acids. It was hypothesized that under non‐axenic conditions, the anti‐microbial properties of fatty acids would reduce growth of microbial competitors and allow Pseudomonas putida LS46 to dominate the population resulting in non‐sterile mcl‐PHA production. Non‐sterile batch and fed‐batch cultures produced similar final mcl‐PHA content, monomer composition, and productivity during 24–27 h cultivations when compared to sterile control cultures for initial octanoic acid concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 mM at an initial pH of 6.5. In the absence of a P. putida inoculum, growth was eventually observed in non‐sterile medium after a lag period of up to 120 h, the length of which was dependent on the octanoic acid concentration. The efficacy of prolonged non‐sterile cultivation was tested using a sequential batch reactor (SBR). After 28 days (672 h), 1.62 g L−1 of total biomass was observed, of which the mcl‐PHA content was 47%. This resulted in a PHA titer of 0.77 g L−1, and a volumetric PHA productivity of 32 mg L−1 h−1. The polymer composition remained stable throughout at 87.0 ± 2.7% C8 monomers, and short‐chain length (scl‐) monomers were not detected. This study is the first of its kind to report that purely mcl‐PHAs were produced after prolonged periods in a non‐sterile environment and demonstrate that medium chain‐length fatty acids exert a strong selective pressure toward organisms that synthesize mcl‐PHA. This suggests an opportunity for mcl‐PHA production in open continuous cultivation, which could reduce both fixed and operating costs.
Stable, while Still Active? A DFT Study of Cu, Ag, and Au Single Atoms at the C3N4/TiO2 Interface
Authors: Di Liberto Giovanni , Tosoni Sergio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHybrid DFT calculations are employed to compare the adsorption and stabilization of Cu, Ag, and Au atoms on graphitic C3N4 and on the heterojunction formed by g‐ C3N4 and TiO2. While Cu and Ag can be strongly chemisorbed in form of cations on g‐ C3N4, Au is only weakly physisorbed. On g‐ C3N4/TiO2, all coinage metal adatoms can be strongly chemisorbed, but, while Cu and Ag forms cations, Au form an Au− species. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics simulations confirm that the metal adatoms on g‐C3N4 are highly mobile at room temperature, while they remain confined in the interfacial spacing between C3N4 and TiO2 on the heterojunction, being both stably bound and reachable for the reactants in a catalytic cycle. Doping g‐ C3N4/TiO2 with metal single atoms permits thus to generate catalytic systems with tunable charge and chemical properties and improved stability with respect to bare C3N4. Moreover, the changes in the electronic structure of g‐ C3N4/TiO2 induced by the presence of the metal single atoms are beneficial also for photocatalytic applications.
Does digitalisation enable small and medium‐sized enterprises to become more sustainable?
Authors: Trueba‐Castañeda Laura , Somohano‐Rodríguez Francisco M. , Torre‐Olmo Begoña 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability is currently of paramount importance worldwide. In this context, digitalisation has emerged as a transformative force in the business world, and small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) need to adapt to sustainability and digitalisation without neglecting performance. The objective of the study is to establish the connection between the positive financial outcomes resulting from digital capabilities and the ability of SMEs to become environmentally sustainable. Additionally, a theoretical framework has been developed to explain the results from the analysis of a reflexive structural equation model using data collected from 975 Spanish SMEs. The results indicate that investing in digitalisation allows companies to become more environmentally responsible and achieve qualitative growth in terms of reputation. Furthermore, digitalisation promotes quantitative growth through improved efficiency, cost savings, enhanced product quality and increased customer satisfaction. Lastly, the study model demonstrates that profitable companies are more likely to be sustainable.
Eugenol Hydrodeoxygenation Over Mixed Mo−W Carbides
Authors: Akmach Dahi , Tran Chi‐Cong , Stevanovic Tatjana , El Kadib Abdelkrim , Kaliaguine Serge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe modification of molybdenum carbide catalysts by another transition metal has raised an increasing research interest due to the significant improvement of catalyst activity in hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derivatives. At par with the commonly used Co and Ni that add a strong hydrogenation functionality, it was found that the addition of the more oxophilic W restricts ring hydrogenation while allowing the deoxygenation of oxygenated compounds and thus yielding higher selectivity toward the formation of non‐oxygenated aromatic compounds. The coexistence of Mo2C with W2C along with metallic W altered the electronic properties of Mo2C which resulted in an increase of catalyst active site density and facilitated further total eugenol deoxygenation. Propyl‐benzene selectivity of up to 83 % was reached at close to 100 % eugenol conversion. These findings will allow a better overview of the effect of different metal phases of mixed carbides on the catalyst performance and raise the prospect of optimizing catalyst design for a hydrodeoxygenation processing of lignin depolymerization products.
An inverted U‐shaped merged stubs hexa‐band 4‐element MIMO antenna for advanced wireless applications
Authors: Addepalli Tathababu , Vidyavathi Thota , Chakradhar Karnam Serkadu , Babu Kommanaboyina Vasu , Nella Anveshkumar , Chebrolu Manohar Kumar 
Published: May 2024

SummaryA four‐element hexa‐band inverted U‐shaped merged stubs miniaturized Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) radiator, operating in 2.10–2.17 GHz for 3G (2.17 GHz) band, 2.52–2.60 GHz for 4G (2.5 GHz) band, 3.31–3.46 GHz for 5G (3.4 GHz [n77 and n78]) bands, 3.66–3.72 GHz for 5G (3.7 GHz [n77 and n78]) bands, 4.53–4.62 GHz for 5G (4.5 GHz [n79]) band, and 5.15–6.02 GHz for 5.5 GHz WLAN bands, is developed. The radiator and ground planes comprise of multiple inverted U‐shaped stubs and slots to form the proposed configuration having overall compact dimensions of 62 × 62 × 1.6 mm3. The peak gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna are found to be 1.31 dBi and 77.48% at 2.17 GHz, 0.98 dBi and 63.3% at 2.55 GHz, 2.9 dBi and 71.13% at 3.38GHz, 1.6 dBi and 66.68% at 3.68 GHz, 2.58 dBi and 77% at 4.57 GHz, and 3.27 dBi and 68.68% at 5.52GHz. The arrangement of four antenna elements is orthogonal (rotationally symmetric) to minimize the mutual coupling, and hence, a minimum isolation of more than 15 dB is noted between all the antenna ports. Furthermore, Envelope Correlation‐Coefficient (ECC) in desired bands is lower than 0.012. Channel Capacity‐Loss (CCL) and Diversity‐Gain (DG) are also good with 0.015 bits/s/Hz and 9.96 dB, respectively. The fabricated structure measurement results agree well with simulation outcomes. These facts result that the proposed MIMO structure is a promising module for the usage in WLAN, 4G, and 5G band applications.
Recent Developments in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition (RuAAC) Reaction
Authors: Ferrara Flavia , Beke‐Somfai Tamás , Kann Nina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ruthenium‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC) gives access to 1,5‐disubstitued triazoles in a single atom‐economical step and offers advantages compared to its copper‐catalyzed counterpart in that both terminal and internal alkynes can be employed. This review summarizes recent findings in this field during the last eight years, covering mechanistic investigations, synthetic developments, as well as applications in medicinal chemistry, polymer synthesis and physical organic chemistry.
Real‐world use of the updated refractory epilepsy screening tool for Lennox–Gastaut syndrome
Authors: Wolf Steven M. , Boyce Danielle , Peña Patricia , Piña‐Garza Jesus Eric , Roland Jessica J. , Thomas Bethany , Zogejani Donika , McGoldrick Patricia E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the Refractory Epilepsy Screening Tool for Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome (REST‐LGS) for real‐world identification of LGS in adults and to develop a scoring system for the tool.MethodsA retrospective chart review of adults with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) and intellectual development disorder (IDD) was conducted by 2 primary care providers blinded to diagnosis. The REST‐LGS was designed via the Modified Delphi Consensus and was previously validated. This tool consists of 8 criteria (4 major, 4 minor) considered indicative of LGS. To account for missing data in the earlier validation study and to evaluate applicability in a real‐world setting, the REST‐LGS was refined to include a scoring system in which major criteria were more heavily weighted than minor criteria, producing categories of “likely” (>11 points), “possible” (8–11 points), and “unlikely” (<8 points) LGS. Statistical analyses were descriptive.ResultsOf the 100 patients included in the analysis, data for slow spike–waves in electroencephalography and seizure onset age – both major REST‐LGS criteria – were missing for 46% and 42% of patients, respectively. The majority of patients met 4 of the 8 REST‐LGS criteria (cognitive impairment since childhood, 71%; persistent seizures despite a trial of ≥2 antiseizure medications, 65%; seizure onset before the age of 12 years, 57%; ≥2 seizure types, 56%). All 4 major criteria were met in 22 patients (22%). The percentages of patients considered “likely,” “possible,” or “unlikely” to have LGS were 26%, 30%, and 44%, respectively. Of the 74 patients without a previous LGS diagnosis, 42 (57%) were identified as “possible” or “likely” to have LGS using REST‐LGS.SignificanceIn this analysis, the validated REST‐LGS was evaluated in a real‐world setting. The majority of previously undiagnosed patients were identified via REST‐LGS as “possible” or “likely” to have LGS. Extensive missing data highlights challenges of LGS diagnosis in adults.Plain Language SummaryThere is a need to identify adult patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) so they can receive appropriate treatment. The Refractory Epilepsy Screening Tool for LGS (REST‐LGS) questionnaire was designed by experts to identify whether patients with seizures that are not controlled by medications may have LGS. In this study, 2 physicians completed the REST‐LGS using charts for 100 patients who experience seizures not controlled by medications. Of the patients who were previously diagnosed as not having LGS, the majority were “likely” or “possible” to have LGS based on the REST‐LGS; therefore, the REST‐LGS can identify patients for further evaluation.
Mapping surface sediment characteristics in enclosed shallow‐marine environments using spatially balanced designs and the random forest algorithm
Authors: Dalby Oliver , Kennedy David M. , McCarroll Robert J. , Young Mary , Ierodiaconou Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMapping the sedimentary character of the seafloor in large water‐filled basins is fundamental for understanding landform dynamics to inform research, management, intervention and conservation actions. Seabed mapping methods have undergone considerable development in the last two decades, including the uptake of machine learning approaches for sediment size prediction and classification. However, predictions of surficial sediment characteristics are often hindered by the availability of ground truthing data, their arrangement in space and the modelling approach chosen. Spatially informed sampling designs provide an opportunity to significantly improve the accuracy and uncertainty of predicted sediment distributions. In this study, we apply a machine learning algorithm to predict sediment distributions across Port Phillip Bay, a large (1930 km2) structurally controlled estuary on the southeast coast of Victoria, Australia. Surface sediment samples (n = 252) were collected using a spatially balanced design, ensuring that sampling effort was spread evenly within the embayment with increased sampling intensity placed in more heterogeneous areas. Surficial textural metrics were modelled using the random forest algorithm with bathymetric and hydrodynamic predictor variables. Models highlighted trends in sediment grain size, sorting and composition consistent with predicted wave‐ and current‐induced sediment mobilisation. Model predictions were accurate (normalised‐root mean squared error [NRMSE]: 0.14–0.16); however, standard error was not homogeneous across the study area. Uncertainty maps highlighted areas where additional sampling effort may be needed, including areas where transitional bathymetry impacted surficial sediment character and areas of anthropogenic modifications to the seabed. This study shows the benefits of undertaking spatially informed sample design, block cross‐validation during model fitting and quantifying spatial uncertainty in predictive maps to accurately quantify the fundamental boundary conditions of sediment size. The results of this study are intended to inform local coastal management, including beach renourishment activities. However, approaches outlined are applicable to any study where the seafloor grain size is a fundamental variable in understanding landscape change.
Glutathione-Mediated Metal Tolerance in an Amphibian Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)
Authors: Webb Rebecca J. , Cuff Christopher , Berger Lee 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The spread of the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes the disease chytridiomycosis, has resulted in amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. Some susceptible amphibian species can persist in contaminated habitats, prompting the hypothesis that B. dendrobatidis might be sensitive to heavy metals. We tested a panel of 12 metals to rank their toxicity to B. dendrobatidis zoospores and zoosporangia during a 6-h exposure. To better understand the mechanism for metal detoxification, we also evaluated whether glutathione is required for metal tolerance by depleting cellular glutathione before metal exposure. In addition, we investigated whether prior exposure to low metal concentrations impacted tolerance of subsequent exposure, as well as identifying metal combinations that may act synergistically. Silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) were particularly toxic to B. dendrobatidis, with zoospore minimum lethal concentration values of 0.01 mM (Ag), 0.025 mM (Cd), and 0.5 mM (Cu). These three metals along with zinc (Zn) were also inhibitory to zoosporangia, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.005 mM (Ag), 0.04 mM (Cd), 0.075 mM (Cu), and 0.04 mM (Zn). The fungicidal effects of several metals was reduced when assays were conducted in nutrient medium compared with synthetic pond water, highlighting the need for careful in vitro assay design and interpretation. Glutathione depletion strongly influenced tolerance of Cd and Ag (85% and 75% less growth, respectively) and moderately influenced tolerance of Cu, Zn, and lead (37%, 18%, and 14% less growth, respectively), indicating the importance of glutathione for metal detoxification. In general, the minimum metal concentrations that inhibited growth of B. dendrobatidis far exceeded values detected in contaminated amphibian habitats in Australia, suggesting that metal contamination alone may not have a strong protective effect against chytridiomycosis. We discuss future research directions to futher understand the potential for dissolved metals to create chytrid refuges. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1583–1591. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Takeover in Europe: Target characteristics and acquisition likelihood
Authors: Meghouar Hicham 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes characteristics of takeover targets in the European market—relatively less studied compared with US and UK markets—to develop a takeover prediction model. Our sample includes 320 European companies with 140 targets and 180 non‐targets over the period 1994–2007, covering two M&A waves. In this study, we test the discriminating power of many relevant variables including new one that could have a discriminating power in potentially determining (value creation). Our results show that European targets are characterized by a growth‐resource imbalance, are less rich in FCF, have growth opportunities, have a higher level of transaction volume of shares prior to the bid, achieve lower economic performance, and destroy value. Furthermore, we develop several predictive models using targets' financial data from 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years before takeover, along with the 3‐year average. The correct classification power in the original sample is 70% (in‐sample). As for predictive ability, the correct classification power in a control sample is 79.4% (out‐of‐sample). We also noted that predictive models using data from 1 or 2 years before the bid appear to display more significant predictive ability.
EEG functional connectivity as a Riemannian mediator: An application to malnutrition and cognition
Authors: Lopez Naranjo Carlos , Razzaq Fuleah Abdul , Li Min , Wang Ying , Bosch‐Bayard Jorge F. , Lindquist Martin A. , Gonzalez Mitjans Anisleidy , Garcia Ronaldo , Rabinowitz Arielle G. , Anderson Simon G. , Chiarenza Giuseppe A. , Calzada‐Reyes Ana , Virues‐Alba Trinidad , Galler Janina R. , Minati Ludovico , Bringas Vega Maria L. , Valdes‐Sosa Pedro A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMediation analysis assesses whether an exposure directly produces changes in cognitive behavior or is influenced by intermediate “mediators”. Electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral measurements have been previously used as effective mediators representing diverse aspects of brain function. However, it has been necessary to collapse EEG measures onto a single scalar using standard mediation methods. In this article, we overcome this limitation and examine EEG frequency‐resolved functional connectivity measures as a mediator using the full EEG cross‐spectral tensor (CST). Since CST samples do not exist in Euclidean space but in the Riemannian manifold of positive‐definite tensors, we transform the problem, allowing for the use of classic multivariate statistics. Toward this end, we map the data from the original manifold space to the Euclidean tangent space, eliminating redundant information to conform to a “compressed CST.” The resulting object is a matrix with rows corresponding to frequencies and columns to cross spectra between channels. We have developed a novel matrix mediation approach that leverages a nuclear norm regularization to determine the matrix‐valued regression parameters. Furthermore, we introduced a global test for the overall CST mediation and a test to determine specific channels and frequencies driving the mediation. We validated the method through simulations and applied it to our well‐studied 50+‐year Barbados Nutrition Study dataset by comparing EEGs collected in school‐age children (5–11 years) who were malnourished in the first year of life with those of healthy classmate controls. We hypothesized that the CST mediates the effect of malnutrition on cognitive performance. We can now explicitly pinpoint the frequencies (delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands) and regions (frontal, central, and occipital) in which functional connectivity was altered in previously malnourished children, an improvement to prior studies. Understanding the specific networks impacted by a history of postnatal malnutrition could pave the way for developing more targeted and personalized therapeutic interventions. Our methods offer a versatile framework applicable to mediation studies encompassing matrix and Hermitian 3D tensor mediators alongside scalar exposures and outcomes, facilitating comprehensive analyses across diverse research domains.
Post‐task responses following working memory and movement are driven by transient spectral bursts with similar characteristics
Authors: Coleman Sebastian C. , Seedat Zelekha A. , Pakenham Daisie O. , Quinn Andrew J. , Brookes Matthew J. , Woolrich Mark W. , Mullinger Karen J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe post‐movement beta rebound has been studied extensively using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and is reliably modulated by various task parameters as well as illness. Our recent study showed that rebounds, which we generalise as “post‐task responses” (PTRs), are a ubiquitous phenomenon in the brain, occurring across the cortex in theta, alpha, and beta bands. Currently, it is unknown whether PTRs following working memory are driven by transient bursts, which are moments of short‐lived high amplitude activity, similar to those that drive the post‐movement beta rebound. Here, we use three‐state univariate hidden Markov models (HMMs), which can identify bursts without a priori knowledge of frequency content or response timings, to compare bursts that drive PTRs in working memory and visuomotor MEG datasets. Our results show that PTRs across working memory and visuomotor tasks are driven by pan‐spectral transient bursts. These bursts have very similar spectral content variation over the cortex, correlating strongly between the two tasks in the alpha (R2 = .89) and beta (R2 = .53) bands. Bursts also have similar variation in duration over the cortex (e.g., long duration bursts occur in the motor cortex for both tasks), strongly correlating over cortical regions between tasks (R2 = .56), with a mean over all regions of around 300 ms in both datasets. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of HMMs to isolate signals of interest in MEG data, such that the HMM probability timecourse correlates more strongly with reaction times than frequency filtered power envelopes from the same brain regions. Overall, we show that induced PTRs across different tasks are driven by bursts with similar characteristics, which can be identified using HMMs. Given the similarity between bursts across tasks, we suggest that PTRs across the cortex may be driven by a common underlying neural phenomenon.