bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous melatonin's effect on salivary cortisol and amylase: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pachimsawat Praewpat , Ratanachamnong Piyanee , Jantaratnotai Nattinee 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effect of acute exogenous melatonin administration on salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase (sCort and sAA) as representatives of the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system, respectively. A single‐dose prolonged‐release melatonin (2 mg) or a placebo tablet was given to healthy volunteers (n = 64) at 20:00 h in a crossover design. The saliva was collected at six time points (20:00, 21:00, awakening, 30 min after awakening, 10:00, and 12:00 h) and was measured for sCort, sAA, and salivary melatonin (sMT) levels. Pulse rates and sleep parameters were also collected. Melatonin was effective in improving sleep onset latency by 7:04 min (p = .037) and increasing total sleep time by 24 min (p = .006). Participants with poor baseline sleep quality responded more strongly to melatonin than participants with normal baseline sleep quality as they reported more satisfaction in having adequate sleep (p = .017). Melatonin administration resulted in higher sCort levels at awakening time point (p = .023) and a tendency of lower sAA levels but these were not significant. Melatonin ingestion at 20:00 h resulted in a marked increase in sMT levels at 21:00 h and remained higher than baseline up to at least 10:00 h (p < .001). Melatonin increases sCort levels at certain time point with a tendency to lower sAA levels. These opposing effects of melatonin suggested a complex interplay between melatonin and these biomarkers. Also, the results confirmed the positive acute effect of a single‐dose melatonin on sleep quality.
Biosensing materials for monoclonal antibody detection: An overview
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Fan Fang , Chai Yifeng , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsidering the continuous advances in the synthesis and clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), precision therapies that employ mAbs are essential. In recent years, extensive efforts have been invested in developing novel strategies or technologies for detection of mAbs. Given the availability of advanced biosensing materials, various assemblies of multifunctional materials can be prepared by intelligent design when evaluating targets for mAbs. This article provides an overview of the recent advances and functional applications of biosensing materials for mAb detection. Subsequently, we present the approaches by which mAb receptors are combined with materials to construct stimulus‐responsive analytical platforms that evaluate the contents and activities of mAbs in biological systems, enabling real‐time monitoring and diagnosis that could facilitate administration of mAbs during treatment. Furthermore, the review examines various applications of biosensing for mAb detection and implications in real‐world contexts; it also discusses ongoing challenges and future prospects.
Cellular Patterning Alone Using Bioprinting Regenerates Articular Cartilage Through Native‐Like Cartilagenesis
Authors: Grottkau Brian E. , Hui Zhixin , Pang Yonggang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFew studies have proved that bioprinting itself helps recapitulate native tissue functions mainly because the bioprinted macro shape can rarely, if ever, influence cell function. This can be more problematic in bioprinting cartilage, generally considered more challenging to engineer. Here a new method is shown to micro‐pattern chondrocytes within bioprinted sub‐millimeter micro tissues, denoted as patterned micro‐articular‐cartilages tissues (PA‐MCTs). Under the sole influence of bioprinted cellular patterns. A pattern scoring system is developed after over 600 bioprinted cellular patterns are analyzed. The top‐scored pattern mimics that of the isogenous group in native articular cartilage. Under the sole influence of this pattern during PA‐MCTs bio‐assembling into macro‐cartilage and repairing cartilage defects, chondrogenic cell phenotype is preserved, and cartilagenesis is initiated and maintained. Neocartilage tissues from individual and assembled PA‐MCTs are comparable to native articular cartilage and superior to cartilage bioprinted with homogeneously distributed cells in morphology, biochemical components, cartilage‐specific protein and gene expression, mechanical properties, integration with host tissues, zonation forming and stem cell chondrogenesis. PA‐MCTs can also be used as osteoarthritic and healthy cartilage models for therapeutic drug screening and cartilage development studies. This cellular patterning technique can pave a new way for bioprinting to recapitulate native tissue functions via tissue genesis.
Segmented Control of Selenization Environment for High‐Quality Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Films Toward Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells
Authors: Jian Yue , Han Litao , Kong Xiangrui , Xie Tianliang , Kou Dongxing , Zhou Wenhui , Zhou Zhengji , Yuan Shengjie , Meng Yuena , Qi Yafang , Liang Guangxing , Zhang Xianghua , Zheng Zhi , Wu Sixin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐crystalline‐quality absorbers with fewer defects are crucial for further improvement of open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. However, the preparation of high‐quality CZTSSe absorbers remains challenging due to the uncontrollability of the selenization reaction and the complexity of the required selenization environment for film growth. Herein, a novel segmented control strategy for the selenization environment, specifically targeting the evaporation area of Se, to regulate the selenization reactions and improve the absorber quality is proposed. The large evaporation area of Se in the initial stage of the selenization provides a great evaporation and diffusion flux for Se, which facilitates rapid phase transition reactions and enables the attainment of a single‐layer thin film. The reduced evaporation area of Se in the later stage creates a soft‐selenization environment for grain growth, effectively suppressing the loss of Sn and promoting element homogenization. Consequently, the mitigation of Sn‐related deep‐level defects on the surface and in the bulk induced by element imbalance is simultaneously achieved. This leads to a significant improvement in nonradiative recombination suppression and carrier collection enhancement, thereby enhancing the VOC. As a result, the CZTSSe device delivers an impressive efficiency of 13.77% with a low VOC deficit.
Atomic‐Scale Distribution and Evolution of Strain in Pt Nanoparticles Grown on MoS2 Nanosheet
Authors: Zhu Yuchen , Zhao Zhitao , Xu Yingying , Wang Rongming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterface strain significantly affects the band structure and electronic states of metal‐nanocrystal‐2D‐semiconductor heterostructures, impacting system performance. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for studying interface strain, its accuracy may be compromised by sample overlap in high‐resolution images due to the unique nature of the metal‐nanocrystals‐2D‐semiconductors heterostructure. Utilizing digital dark‐field technology, the substrate influence on metal atomic column contrasts is eliminated, improving the accuracy of quantitative analysis in high‐resolution TEM images. Applying this method to investigate Pt on MoS2 surfaces reveals that the heterostructure introduces a tensile strain of ≈3% in Pt nanocrystal. The x‐directional linear strain in Pt nanocrystals has a periodic distribution that matches the semi‐coherent interface between Pt nanocrystals and MoS2, while the remaining strain components localize mainly on edge atomic steps. These results demonstrate an accurate and efficient method for studying interface strain and provide a theoretical foundation for precise heterostructure fabrication.
Mechanistic Insights into the Synthesis of Nickel‐Graphene Nanostructures for Gas Sensors
Authors: Hsuan (Joseph) Sung Chao , Gong Bryan Yuji , Yu Haitao , Ede Sivasankara Rao , Cruz Luz , Fang Herry , Sarmiento Ezra , Zang Wenjie , Barrows Geoffrey L. , Kisailus David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractToxic gases are used in different types of industries and thus, present a potential health hazard. Therefore, highly sensitive gas sensing materials are essential for the safety of those operating in their environments. A process involving electrospinning polymer solutions impregnated with transition metal ions are developed to yield nanofibers that are annealed to form graphitic carbon / nickel nanoparticle‐based fibers for gas sensing applications. The performance of these gas sensors is strongly related to the ability to control the material parameters of the active material. As the formation of these nanostructures, which nucleate within solid carbon scaffolds, have not been investigated, the growth mechanisms are look to understand in order to exert control over the resulting material. Evaluation of these growth mechanisms are conducted through a combination of thermogravimetric analysis with mass spectrometry (TGA‐MS), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reveal nucleation of nickel at the onset of the polymer scaffold decomposition with subsequent growth processes, including surface diffusion, aggregation, coalescence and evaporation condensation, that are activated at different temperatures. Gas sensing experiments conducted on analyte gases demonstrate good sensitivity and response times, and significant potential for use in other energy and environmental applications.
Superwetting Nanofluids of NiOx‐Nanocrystals/CsBr Solution for Fabricating Quality NiOx‐CsPbBr3 Gradient Hybrid Film in Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zengyi , Zhang Lele , Liu Xuanling , Ye Lin , Zhao Shuang , Chen Yingyu , Yan Huiyu , Han Jianhua , Lin Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe wettability of precursor solution on substrates is the critical factor for fabricating quality film. In this work, superwetting nanofluids (NFs) of non‐stoichiometric nickel oxide (NiOx) nanocrystals (NCs)‐CsBr solution are first utilized to fabricate quality NiOx‐CsPbBr3 hybrid film with gradient‐distributed NiOx NCs in the upper part for constructing hole transport ladder in carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs). As anticipated, the crystalline properties (improved crystalline grain diameters and reduced impurity phase) and hole extraction/transport of the NiOx‐CsPbBr3 hybrid film are improved after incorporating NiOx NCs into CsPbBr3. This originates from the superb wettability of NiOx‐CsBr NFs on substrates and the excellent hole‐transport properties of NiOx. Consequently, the C‐PSCs with the structure of FTO/SnO2/NiOx‐CsPbBr3/C displays a power conversion efficiency of 10.07%, resulting in a 23.6% improvement as compared with the pristine CsPbBr3 cell. This work opens up a promising strategy to improve the absorber layer in PSCs by incorporating NCs into perovskite layers through the use of the superwettability of NFs and by composition gradient engineering.
Improved forecasting of the compressive strength of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) via the CatBoost model optimized with different algorithms
Authors: Katlav Metin , Ergen Faruk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the applicability of CatBoost models constructed using various optimization techniques for improved forecasting the compressive strength of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC). Phasor particle swarm optimization (PPSO), dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO), and atom search optimization (ASO), which have been very popular recently, are preferred as optimization algorithms. A comprehensive and reliable data set is used to develop the CatBoost models, which include 785 test results with 15 input features. The performance of the CatBoost models (PPSO‐CatBoost, DMO‐CatBoost, and ASO‐CatBoost) optimized with different algorithms is thoroughly assessed by means of various statistical metrics and error analysis to determine the model with the best forecasting capability, and this model is compared with the models obtained from previous studies. In addition, Shapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis is used to ensure the interpretability of the forecasting models and to overcome the “black box” problem of machine learning (ML) models. The obtained results demonstrate that all CatBoost models outstandingly forecast the compressive strength of UHPC. Among these models, the DMO‐CatBoost model stands out compared to the other models in various performance metrics, such as high coefficient of determination (R2) values, low root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute error (MAE) values, along with a smaller error ratio. In other words, the RMSE, R2, MAPE, and MAE values of the DMO‐CatBoost model for the training set are 3.67, 0.993, 0.019, and 2.35, respectively, whereas those for the test set are 6.15, 0.978, 0.038, and 4.51. Additionally, the performance ranking of the algorithms used to optimize the hyperparameters of the CatBoost model is as follows: DMO > PPSO > ASO. On the other hand, SHAP analysis showed that age, fiber dosage, and cement dosage significantly influence the compressive strength of UHPC. These findings can guide structural engineers in the design and optimization of UHPC, thus assisting them in developing strategies to improve the strength properties of the material. Finally, based on the best forecasting model developed in this work, a graphical user interface has been developed to easily forecast the compressive strength of UHPC in practical applications without additional tools or software.
Genetic control of root architectural traits under drought stress in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Siddiqui Md. Nurealam , Jahiu Melisa , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Sanchez‐Garcia Miguel , Mason Annaliese S. , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRoot architectural traits play pivotal roles in plant adaptation to drought stress, and hence they are considered promising targets in breeding programs. Here, we phenotyped eight root architecture traits in response to well‐watered and drought stress conditions in 200 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) inbred lines over two consecutive field seasons. Root architecture traits were less developed under drought in both seasons when compared with control treatments. Genetic variation in root architectural traits was dissected employing a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) coupled with linkage disequilibrium mapping. GWAS uncovered a total of 186 significant single nucleotide polymorphism‐trait associations for eight root traits under control, drought, and drought‐related indices. Of these, a few loci for root traits were detected on chromosomes 3 and 5, which co‐located with QTL identified in previous studies. Interestingly, 13 loci showed simultaneou associations with multiple root traits under drought and drought‐related indices. These loci harbored candidate genes, which included a wide range of drought‐responsive components such as transcription factors, binding proteins, protein kinases, nutrient and ion transporters, and stress signaling factors. For instance, two candidate genes, HORVU7Hr3G0713160 and HORVU6H r3G0626550, are orthologous to AtACX3 and AtVAMPs, which have reported functions in root length‐mediated drought tolerance and as a key protein in abiotic stress tolerance, respectively. Interestingly, one of these loci underlying a high‐confidence candidate gene NEW ENHANCER OF ROOT DWARFISM1 (NERD1) showed involvement with root development. An allelic variation of this locus in non‐coding region was significantly associated with increased root length under drought. Collectively, these results offer promising multi‐trait affecting loci and candidate genes underlying root phenotypic responses to drought stress, which may provide valuable resources for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in barley.
Mutations in the dwarf3 gene confer height stability in sorghum
Authors: Diatta‐Holgate Elisabeth , Bergsma Ben , Tuinstra Mitchell R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDwarfism is a useful trait in many crop plants because it contributes to improved lodging resistance and harvest index. The mutant allele dw3‐ref (dwarf3‐reference) of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is characterized by an 882 bp tandem duplication in the fifth exon of the gene that is unstable and reverts to wild‐type at a frequency greater than 0.001 in many genetic backgrounds. The goal of this research was to identify stable alleles of dw3 (dwarf3) that could be backcrossed into elite parent lines to improve height stability of the crop. To discover new alleles of dw3, a panel consisting mostly of sorghum conversion lines (SC‐lines) was screened by polymerase chain reaction for the 882 bp tandem duplication in the fifth exon of dw3‐ref. Sanger sequencing was used to characterize the DNA sequence of this fragment in genotypes that did not contain the 882 bp tandem duplication. Sequence analysis identified three indel mutations, including an 82 bp deletion, a 6 bp duplication, and a 15 bp deletion in this region of the gene. Field trials of the donor genotypes with these new alleles indicated no wild‐type revertants of dw3‐sd3 (dwarf3‐stable dwarf), dw3‐sd4, and dw3‐sd5. These alleles were backcrossed into Tx430. Field trials of backcross progeny (BC2F4) with the dw3‐sd3, dw3‐sd4, and dw3‐sd5 alleles indicated no revertants. The plant height and flowering time characteristics of the backcross progeny were similar or slightly shorter and earlier than the recurrent parent. These findings demonstrate that dw3‐sd3, dw3‐sd4, and dw3‐sd5 alleles will be useful in breeding for the stable dwarf trait.
Visualization of caudothalamic groove at expert fetal neurosonography
Authors: di Pasquo E. , Contro E. , Labadini C. , Dall'Asta A. , Volpe N. , Larcher L. , Vettor L. , Piemonti L. , Ormitti F. , Ghi T. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe the sonographic features of the caudothalamic groove in the third trimester of pregnancy in a group of structurally normal fetuses and to report a small series of cases with abnormal appearance of the caudothalamic groove at antenatal cranial ultrasound.MethodsThis was an observational study conducted at two fetal medicine referral units in Italy. A non‐consecutive cohort of pregnant women with a singleton non‐anomalous pregnancy were recruited prospectively and underwent three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound assessment of the fetal brain at 28–32 weeks' gestation. At offline analysis, the ultrasound volumes were adjusted in the multiplanar mode, according to a standardized methodology, until the caudothalamic groove was visible in the parasagittal plane. To evaluate interobserver agreement, two operators were asked independently to indicate if the caudothalamic groove was visible unilaterally or bilaterally on each volume and Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficient was calculated. The digital archives of the two centers were also searched retrospectively to retrieve cases with abnormal findings at the level of the caudothalamic groove on antenatal cranial ultrasound that were confirmed postnatally.ResultsA total of 180 non‐consecutive cases were included. At offline analysis of the 3D ultrasound volumes, the caudothalamic groove was identified in the parasagittal plane by both operators at least unilaterally in 176 (97.8%) cases and bilaterally in 174 (96.7%) cases. The κ‐coefficient for the agreement between the two independent operators in recognizing the caudothalamic groove was 0.89 and 0.83 for one and both hemispheres, respectively. The retrospective search of our archives yielded five cases with an abnormal appearance of the caudothalamic groove at antenatal cranial ultrasound, including two cases of hemorrhage and three cases of cyst.ConclusionsThe caudothalamic groove is consistently seen in normal fetuses on multiplanar neurosonography in the third trimester, and abnormal findings in this region may be detected antenatally. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Jet charge identification in the e+e− → Z → $$ \textrm{q}\overline{\textrm{q}} $$ process at Z pole
Authors: Cui Hanhua , Zhao Mingrui , Wang Yuexin , Liang Hao , Ruan Manqi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accurate jet charge identification is essential for precise electroweak and flavor measurements at the high-energy frontier. We propose a novel method called the Leading Particle Jet Charge method (LPJC) to determine the jet charge based on information of the leading charged particle. Tested on Z →$$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

and Z →$$ c\overline{c} $$
c

c
¯

samples at center-of-mass energy of 91.2 GeV, the LPJC achieves an effective tagging power ϵeff of 20%/9% for c/b jet, respectively. In combination with the Weighted Jet Charge method (WJC), we develop a Heavy Flavor Jet Charge method (HFJC), which achieves an effective tagging power ϵeff of 39%/20% for c/b jet, respectively. This paper also discusses the dependencies between jet charge identification performance and the fragmentation process of heavy flavor jets, as well as critical detector performances.
Positivity from J-Basis operators in the standard model effective Field Theory
Authors: Yang Chengjie , Ren Zhe , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the effective field theory (EFT), the positivity bound on dim-8 effective operators tells us that the s2 contribution in the scattering amplitude of 2-to-2 process geometrically corresponds to the convex cone composed of the ultraviolet (UV) states as the extremal rays. The J-Basis method can provide a complete group theory decomposition of the scattering amplitude on the direct product of the gauge group and the Lorentz group, thus to search for all UV states. Compared to previous methods, which can only perform direct product decomposition on the gauge groups, the J-Basis method greatly improves the strictness of the restrictions and also provides a systematic scheme for calculating the positivity bounds of the dim-8 operators.
A case study of SMEFT $$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$ effects in diboson processes: pp → W±(ℓ±ν)γ
Authors: Martin Adam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper we explore pp → W±(ℓ±ν)γ to $$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$
O

1
/

Λ
4

in the SMEFT expansion. Calculations to this order are necessary to properly capture SMEFT contributions that grow with energy, as the interference between energy-enhanced SMEFT effects at $$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{\Lambda}^2\right) $$
O

1
/

Λ
2

and the Standard Model is suppressed. We find that there are several dimension eight operators that interfere with the Standard Model and lead to the same energy growth, ~ $$ \mathcal{O}\left({E}^4/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$
O

E
4

/

Λ
4

, as dimension six squared. While energy-enhanced SMEFT contributions are a main focus, our calculation includes the complete set of $$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$
O

1
/

Λ
4

SMEFT effects consistent with U(3)5 flavor symmetry. Additionally, we include the decay of the W±→ ℓ±ν, making the calculation actually $$ \overline{q}{q}^{\prime}\to {\ell}^{\pm}\nu \gamma $$

q
¯

q
′

→

ℓ
±

νγ
. As such, we are able to study the impact of non-resonant SMEFT operators, such as $$ \left({L}^{\dagger }{\overline{\sigma}}^{\mu }{\tau}^IL\right)\left({Q}^{\dagger }{\overline{\sigma}}^{\nu }{\tau}^IQ\right) $$

L
†

σ
¯

μ

τ
I

L

Q
†

σ
¯

ν

τ
I

Q

Bμν, which contribute to $$ \overline{q}{q}^{\prime}\to {\ell}^{\pm}\nu \gamma $$

q
¯

q
′

→

ℓ
±

νγ
directly and not to $$ \overline{q}{q}^{\prime}\to {W}^{\pm}\gamma $$

q
¯

q
′

→

W
±

γ
. We show several distributions to illustrate the shape differences of the different contributions.