bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond topographic representation: Decoding visuospatial attention from local activity patterns in the human frontal cortex
Authors: Kalberlah Christian , Chen Yi , Heinzle Jakob , Haynes John‐Dylan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ability to detect where a person is attending is fundamental for brain‐computer‐interfaces. We explore how the attentional focus can be decoded from brain signals noninvasively acquired with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Several cortical regions have previously been reported to have topographic maps reflecting the focus of visual attention. Interestingly, attentional maps were observed to be gradually less topographic when moving from early visual areas toward extra‐occipital areas. Recent studies suggested that this might indicate a shift from topographically represented local processing to a global processing dominated by laterality. However, it remains unclear, to which extent the topographical representation of a region characterizes its quality to encode visuospatial attention. Here we addressed this problem by applying multivoxel pattern analysis to fMRI signals. In combination with a cortical surface‐based mapping of spatial preference, our analysis revealed a broad cortical network that locally contains information about the locus of visual attention. The informative regions are not restricted to topographic areas, but even in frontal areas, where topographic organization is almost indiscernible, the attentional locus can be decoded from brain activity. Specifically, we find attentional information in the right middle frontal gyrus and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, in these two areas information is sufficient to distinguish attentional loci within the ipsi‐ as well as the contra‐lateral visual hemifields. The laterality dominance decreases when moving from occipital to frontal areas. Our results suggest that information about visuospatial attention is encoded beyond topographically organized regions by local patterns of brain activity. VVC 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 201–210, 2011
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF FULL‐SCALE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE ADOPTIONS ON INVENTORY BALANCES AND TURNS
Authors: Blankley Alan I. , Khouja Moutaz , Wiggins Casper E. 
Published: May 2011

Supply chain management (SCM) software vendors, analysts, and others claim that firms implementing SCM software stand to benefit by being able to reduce inventory holdings and increase inventory turns. We theorize that full‐scale implementations lead to system‐wide inventory optimization, which in turn leads to cost improvement associated with inventory balances and turns. To examine the question, we develop an analytical model of inventory optimization, then analyze the effects of the model with a numerical experiment, and finally confirm the results with an empirical examination.We find that firm‐wide implementation is significant in explaining improvement in inventory metrics, relative to pre‐implementation metrics for our sample. Our empirical tests indicate that implementing SCM software across only a portion of the firm does not impact inventory metrics, but that the scale of implementation does. More precisely, we find that firms implementing SCM software across the entire company significantly improve both inventory turns and inventory as a percent of revenue relative to partially‐implementing firms and non‐implementers.
THE LAST MILE CHALLENGE: EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF CUSTOMER DENSITY AND DELIVERY WINDOW PATTERNS
Authors: Boyer Kenneth K. , Prud'homme Andrea M. , Chung Wenming 
Published: May 2011

Consumer direct delivery of packages ordered over the Internet has grown at well over 25 % per year over the past 10 years and now accounts for over $100 billion in sales in the U.S. alone. Retailers have rushed to capitalize on what has commonly been labeled multi‐channel retailing, while logisticians have faced a challenge in devising efficient methods of delivering billions of packages to customer homes. Inefficient deliveries in this “last mile” of the supply chain have led to numerous business collapses as well as a substantial increase in delivery costs.We present a study which examines the effect of two factors (customer density and delivery window length) on the overall efficiency of the delivery route. Data are collected based on empirically derived settings from interviews with several practicing managers. Results provide insight for logistics and marketing managers who must balance customer desires for convenience with business desires for efficiency. The data show that offering a 3 hour delivery window is 30–45% more expensive than offering unattended (9 hour delivery window) delivery. The results provide a tool for managers to address the tradeoffs between various settings for the independent variables (customer density and delivery window length) and the overall route efficiency.
EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Srinivas Srikanth 
Published: May 2011

The synergistic effect of holistically addressing all of the variables highlighted by this article will result in organizations consistently reaching their intended destination. Skipping steps creates the illusion of speed, but rarely results in progress. While effective performance management is incredibly difficult, it is also critical to an organization's survival and prosperity. Systematically addressing these critical success factors will ensure consistency and success:

The starting point—A clear, objective understanding of current reality, as it is.
The destination—A clear point of view on where you want the organization to be, taking the current realities into account.
The path—A growth plan that will take you from the current reality to the intended destination.
Variation—A culture and system that expects variation, distinguishes between noise and signal, ignores the noise, and acts on the signals.
Agile Course Correction—A strong foundation that increases the number of course correction opportunities dramatically.
Alignment—Ensuring that everyone works towards the same destination.

The article uses a flight analogy to explain each of these critical variables.
Derivative spectrum chromatographic method for the determination of trimethoprim in honey samples using an on‐line solid‐phase extraction technique
Authors: Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Kondo Mari , Yokochi Rika , Takeuchi Yuri , Yamamoto Atsushi , Inoue Yoshinori 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA simple, selective and rapid analytical method for determination of trimethoprim (TMP) in honey samples was developed and validated. This method is based on a SPE technique followed by HPLC with photodiode array detection. After dilution and filtration, aliquots of 500 μL honey samples were directly injected to an on‐line SPE HPLC system. TMP was extracted on an RP SPE column, and separated on a hydrophilic interaction chromatography column during HPLC analysis. At the first detection step, the noise level of the photodiode array data was reduced with two‐dimensional equalizer filtering, and then the smoothed data were subjected to derivative spectrum chromatography. On the second‐derivative chromatogram at 254 nm, the limit of detection and the limit of quantification of TMP in a honey sample were 5 and 10 ng/g, respectively. The proposed method showed high accuracy (60–103%) with adequate sensitivity for TMP monitoring in honey samples.
Iron oxide nanoparticle coating of organic polymer‐based monolithic columns for phosphopeptide enrichment
Authors: Krenkova Jana , Foret Frantisek 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new monolithic capillary column with an iron oxide nanoparticle coating has been developed for selective and efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides. Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a co‐precipitation method and stabilized by citrate ions. A stable coating of nanoparticles was obtained via multivalent electrostatic interactions of citrate ions on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles with a quaternary amine functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith. A high dynamic binding capacity of 86 μmol/mL column volume was measured with an adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate. Performance of the monolithic column was demonstrated with the efficient and selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from peptide mixtures of α‐casein and β‐casein digests and their MALDI/MS characterization in off‐line mode.
Mass spectrometric glycan rearrangements
Authors: Wuhrer Manfred , Deelder André M. , van der Burgt Yuri E.M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMass spectrometric rearrangement reactions have been reported for a large variety of compounds such as peptides, lipids, and carbohydrates. In the case of carbohydrates this phenomenon has been described as internal residue loss. Resulting fragment ions may be misinterpreted as fragments arising from conventional glycosidic bond cleavages, which may result in incorrect structural assignment. Therefore, awareness of the occurrence of glycan rearrangements is important for avoiding misinterpretation of tandem mass spectra. In this review mass spectrometric rearrangements of both derivatized and underivatized (native) oligosaccharide structures are discussed. Similar phenomena have been reported for glycopeptides, labeled glycan structures and other biomolecules containing a carbohydrate part. Rearrangements in oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates have been observed with different types of mass spectrometers. Most of the observed carbohydrate rearrangement reactions appear to be linked to the presence of a proton. Hence, tandem mass spectrometric analysis of alkali adducts or deprotonated ions often prevents rearrangement reactions, while they may happen with high efficacy with protonated glycoconjugates. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:664–680, 2011
Fast three‐dimensional proton spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at 3 T by combining spectroscopic missing pulse steady‐state free precession and echo planar spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Dreher Wolfgang , Erhard Peter , Leibfritz Dieter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe combination of the principles of two fast spectroscopic imaging (SI) methods, spectroscopic missing pulse steady‐state free precession and echo planar SI (EPSI) is described as an approach toward fast 3D SI. This method, termed missing pulse steady‐state free precession echo planar SI, exhibits a considerably reduced minimum total measurement time Tmin, allowing a higher temporal resolution, a larger spatial matrix size, and the use of k‐space weighted averaging and phase cycling, while maintaining all advantages of the original spectroscopic missing pulse steady‐state free precession sequence. The minor signal‐to‐noise ratio loss caused by using oscillating read gradients can be compensated by applying k‐space weighted averaging. The missing pulse steady‐state free precession echo planar SI sequence was implemented on a 3 T head scanner, tested on phantoms and applied to healthy volunteers. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Canomad presenting without ophthalmoplegia and responding to intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Kam Cheryl , Balaratnam Michelle S. , Purves Alistair , Mills Kerry R. , Riordan‐Eva Paul , Pollock Steve , Bodi Istvan , Munro Neil A.R. , Bennett David L.H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe acronym CANOMAD encompasses chronic ataxic neuropathy combined with ophthalmoplegia, M protein, cold agglutinins, and anti‐disialosyl antibodies.Herein we describe 2 patients presenting with progressive ataxic neuropathy who only developed ophthalmoplegia after a significant delay post‐presentation, which in 1 case had features indicative of brainstem dysfunction. Both patients were found to have an IgM paraprotein and anti‐disialosyl antibodies. They responded to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, thus illustrating the importance of diagnosing this condition. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Computational modeling of flow‐induced anisotropy of polar ice for the EDML deep drilling site, Antarctica: The effect of rotation recrystallization and grain boundary migration
Authors: Bargmann Swantje , Seddik Hakime , Greve Ralf 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYIn this contribution we model flow‐induced anisotropy of polar ice in order to gain a better understanding for the underlying microstructure and its influence on the deformation process. In particular, a continuum‐mechanical, anisotropic flow model that is based on an anisotropic flow enhancement factor (CAFFE model) is applied. The polycrystalline ice is regarded as a mixture whose grains are characterized by their orientation. The approach is based on two distinct scales: the underlying microstructure influences the macroscopic material behavior and is taken into account phenomenologically. To achieve this, the orientation mass density is introduced as a mesoscopic field, i.e. it depends on a mesoscopic variable (the orientation) in addition to position and time. The classical flow law of Glen is extended by a scalar, but anisotropic enhancement factor. Four different effects (local rigid body rotation, grain rotation, rotation recrystallization, grain boundary migration) influencing the evolution of the grain orientations are taken into account. All modeling parameters are either measurable in or derivable from field observations or laboratory experiments. A finite volume method is chosen for the discretization procedure. Numerical results simulating the ice flow at the site of the EPICA ice core in Dronning Maud Land (referred to as EDML), Antarctica, are presented. They go beyond earlier results by Seddikit et al. (J. Glaciol. 2008; 54(187):631–642) in which only local rigid body rotation and grain rotation were accounted for. By comparing simulated and observed fabrics, we come up with reference values for the parameters in the constitutive equations for rotation recrystallization and grain boundary migration. Down to 2045 m depth, good agreement can be achieved; however, further down the observed fabric cannot be reproduced well due to numerical issues. Additionally, we study the influence of the two superposed deformation regimes of vertical compression and simple shear separately and demonstrate that the numerical problems are due to the predominant shear regime near the bottom, whereas vertical compression only produces stable results everywhere. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bladder base/trigone injection is safe and as effective as bladder body injection of onabotulinumtoxinA for idiopathic detrusor overactivity refractory to antimuscarinics
Authors: Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA injections at bladder base/trigone and compare with injections at bladder body or bladder body/trigone for the treatment of idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) refractory to antimuscarinics.Materials and MethodsA single blind, randomized, paralleled, actively controlled trial was performed in patients with urodynamically proven IDO who failed antimuscarinic therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravesical injections of 100 U of onabotulinumtoxinA into three different bladder sites. All treatments were evaluated by voiding diary variables, urgency severity score, urodynamic studies, and patient perception of bladder condition. Long‐term success rates over 12 months were also determined.ResultsAmong the patients, 37 were randomized to injections in the bladder body, 35 into the bladder body/trigone, and 33 into the bladder base/trigone. Successful results were reported in 76 (72%) patients at 3 months: 26 (70%) in the bladder body group, 26 (74%) in the bladder body/trigone group, and 24 (73%) in the bladder base/trigone group. There were no significant differences in success rates, changes in urgency and urgency incontinence episodes, urodynamic variables, or long‐term success rates among the three subgroups. The incidence of adverse events was similar among three groups. No vesicoureteral reflux was noted in all patients with or without involving trigone injection.ConclusionIntravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injection is an effective treatment for IDO regardless of the bladder injection site. Bladder base/trigone injection is as safe and effective as bladder body injections with or without trigone involvement. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1242–1248, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detrusor after‐contraction is associated with bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Cho Sung Yong , Yi Jun‐Seok , Park Ji Hyun , Jeong Min Su , Oh Seung‐June 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were to determine how we can differentiate detrusor after‐contraction (DAC) from artifacts, and to understand the clinical implications and significance of DAC.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 2,309 patients with neurogenic or non‐neurogenic voiding dysfunction. Investigators asked patients to cough when detrusor contraction occurred following cessation of urinary flow. No simultaneous change of detrusor pressure (Pdet) could confirm that Pdet increase could be regarded as true DAC. Patients were subcategorized according to the presence of large postvoid urine volume, increase of electromyographic activity, the amount of Pdet change, and multiplicity.ResultsDetrusor contraction occurred after cessation of urinary flow in 245 patients (10.6%). The contractions of 57 patients (23.3%) were regarded as artifacts. DAC was identified in 188 patients (132 males, 5.7% and 56 females, 2.4%). The mean increase in Pdet from the initiation of DAC to the maximal Pdet of DAC was 22.6 ± 11.2 cmH2O in males, and 18.6 ± 7.9 cmH2O in females. DAC occurred more frequently as males became older. Detrusor pressures at maximal flow were higher in patients with DAC. Patients of both genders with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) had an increased risk of developing DAC. Males with benign prostatic hyperplasia had an increased risk of developing DAC.ConclusionsDAC should be differentiated from artifacts using cough test and the presence of DAC was significantly correlated to the presence of BOO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1361–1365, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of voluntary dose escalation in a placebo‐controlled, flexible‐dose trial of fesoterodine in subjects with overactive bladder
Authors: Staskin David , Khullar Vik , Michel Martin C. , Morrow Jon D. , Sun Franklin , Guan Zhonghong , Dmochowski Roger 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAimsTo characterize the response to fesoterodine treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) in subjects who did or did not choose to dose escalate in a flexible‐dose study.MethodsSubjects were randomized to fesoterodine 4 mg or placebo. At week 2, subjects could remain on 4 mg (non‐escalators) or choose to increase to 8 mg (escalators) for the remaining 10 weeks (sham escalation for placebo). Subjects completed 3‐day bladder diaries at baseline, week 2 and week 12 noting micturitions, urgency episodes, and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes.ResultsSixty‐three per cent of 438 subjects randomized to fesoterodine and 73% of 445 randomized to placebo dose escalated. At baseline, fesoterodine escalators had significantly more micturitions and urgency episodes than fesoterodine non‐escalators (P < 0.001); at week 2, before dose escalation, diary‐dry rate and improvement in micturitions and urgency episodes were significantly greater among fesoterodine non‐escalators versus escalators (P < 0.001); and by week 12, after dose escalation, diary‐dry rate and improvements in micturitions and UUI episodes were similar between fesoterodine non‐escalators and escalators (P > 0.05). The placebo escalator group did not demonstrate a similar response over placebo non‐escalators following the dose escalation decision point.ConclusionA rapid and robust response to fesoterodine 4 mg was demonstrated in non‐escalators. Subjects who chose to dose escalate to fesoterodine 8 mg at week 2 showed significant improvement by week 12 versus baseline and week 2 (prior to escalation), as well as versus placebo. Dose escalation to 8 mg fesoterodine provided subjects with efficacy and tolerability similar to those who were satisfied with the 4‐mg dose. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1480–1485, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aberrant succination of proteins in fumarate hydratase‐deficient mice and HLRCC patients is a robust biomarker of mutation status
Authors: Bardella Chiara , El‐Bahrawy Mona , Frizzell Norma , Adam Julie , Ternette Nicola , Hatipoglu Emine , Howarth Kimberley , O'Flaherty Linda , Roberts Ian , Turner Gareth , Taylor Jennifer , Giaslakiotis Konstantinos , Macaulay Valentine M , Harris Adrian L , Chandra Ashish , Lehtonen Heli J , Launonen Virpi , Aaltonen Lauri A , Pugh Christopher W , Mihai Radu , Trudgian David , Kessler Benedikt , Baynes John W , Ratcliffe Peter J , Tomlinson Ian P , Pollard Patrick J 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGermline mutations in the FH gene encoding the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase predispose to hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome. FH‐deficient cells and tissues accumulate high levels of fumarate, which may act as an oncometabolite and contribute to tumourigenesis. A recently proposed role for fumarate in the covalent modification of cysteine residues to S‐(2‐succinyl) cysteine (2SC) (termed protein succination) prompted us to assess 2SC levels in our existing models of HLRCC. Herein, using a previously characterized antibody against 2SC, we show that genetic ablation of FH causes high levels of protein succination. We next hypothesized that immunohistochemistry for 2SC would serve as a metabolic biomarker for the in situ detection of FH‐deficient tissues. Robust detection of 2SC was observed in Fh1 (murine FH)‐deficient renal cysts and in a retrospective series of HLRCC tumours (n = 16) with established FH mutations. Importantly, 2SC was undetectable in normal tissues (n = 200) and tumour types not associated with HLRCC (n = 1342). In a prospective evaluation of cases referred for genetic testing for HLRCC, the presence of 2SC‐modified proteins (2SCP) correctly predicted genetic alterations in FH in every case. In two series of unselected type II papillary renal cancer (PRCC), prospectively analysed by 2SCP staining followed by genetic analysis, the biomarker accurately identified previously unsuspected FH mutations (2/33 and 1/36). The investigation of whether metabolites in other tumour types produce protein modification signature(s) that can be assayed using similar strategies will be of interest in future studies of cancer. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation and accelerated ageing of poly(ether block amide) thermoplastic elastomers
Authors: Dixon D. , Boyd A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUnstabilized poly(ether block amide) (PEBA, PEBAX) of the type used in angioplasty balloons was aged at temperatures of 18–85°C for periods of up to 313 days. Since PEBA is used in safety critical applications, understanding the effects and underlying mechanisms of ageing and the validity of accelerated ageing protocols is vital. Mechanical testing indicated an increase in modulus during ageing consistent with embrittlement. An activation energy (Ea) of 47.3 kJ mol−1 was calculated over the temperature range 18–45°C and increased deviation from linear Arrhenius behavior observed above 45°C. This value of Ea would result in the commonly applied 10°C rule over estimating shelf life. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Gel Permeation Chromatography, and thermal analysis provided evidence that the observed property changes were largely the result of oxidative damage and crystallinity effects. The data presented provides a rational basis for the use of accelerated testing protocols at temperatures of up to 45°C to generate room temperature shelf life estimates. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers