bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromatin boundaries require functional collaboration between the hSET1 and NURF complexes
Authors: Li Xingguo , Wang Shaohua , Li Ying , Deng Changwang , Steiner Laurie A. , Xiao Hua , Wu Carl , Bungert Jörg , Gallagher Patrick G. , Felsenfeld Gary , Qiu Yi , Huang Suming 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Chromatin insulators protect erythroid genes from being silenced during erythropoiesis, and the disruption of barrier insulator function in erythroid membrane gene loci results in mild or severe anemia. We showed previously that the USF1/2-bound 5′HS4 insulator mediates chromatin barrier activity in the erythroid-specific chicken β-globin locus. It is currently not known how insulators establish such a barrier. To understand the function of USF1, we purified USF1-associated protein complexes and found that USF1 forms a multiprotein complex with hSET1 and NURF, thus exhibiting histone H3K4 methyltransferase- and ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling activities, respectively. Both SET1 and NURF are recruited to the 5′HS4 insulator by USF1 to retain the active chromatin structure in erythrocytes. Knock-down of NURF resulted in a rapid loss of barrier activity accompanied by an alteration of nucleosome positioning, increased occupancy of the nucleosome-free linker region at the insulator site, and increased repressive H3K27me3 levels in the vicinity of the HS4 insulator. Furthermore, suppression of SET1 reduced barrier activity, decreased H3K4me2 and acH3K9/K14, and diminished the recruitment of BPTF at several erythroid-specific barrier insulator sites. Therefore, our data reveal a synergistic role of hSET1 and NURF in regulating the USF-bound barrier insulator to prevent erythroid genes from encroachment of heterochromatin.
IL-17–producing invariant NKT cells in lymphoid organs are recent thymic emigrants identified by neuropilin-1 expression
Authors: Milpied Pierre , Massot Bérangère , Renand Amédée , Diem Séverine , Herbelin André , Leite-de-Moraes Maria , Rubio Marie-Thérèse , Hermine Olivier 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Despite increasing knowledge on the mechanisms of invariant natural killer T (iNKT)–cell development in the thymus, the function of recent thymic emigrant (RTE) iNKT cells remains largely unexplored, principally because of a lack of bona fide markers to distinguish RTE from long-lived iNKT cells. Whether the recently described IL-17–producing iNKT cell subset is part of RTE has notably not been addressed. In the present study, we show that neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1), a transmembrane receptor mainly found on T-regulatory (Treg) cells in the murine immune system, is specifically expressed on RTE iNKT cells in naive mice. We used the Nrp-1 marker to discriminate RTE from mature iNKT cells and compare their functions. We show that RTE iNKT cells proliferate more than mature iNKT cells after in vitro activation; that, unlike mature iNKT cells, most RTE iNKT cells fail to rapidly produce IFN-γ and IL-4 after in vivo activation; and, most importantly, that IL-17–producing iNKT cells in lymphoid organs of naive mice are contained within the RTE iNKT cell pool. Our results establish an accurate marker of RTE iNKT cells and reveal that continuous thymic output is required for pro-inflammatory IL-17 secretion, a key function of adult iNKT cells.
ALAS2 acts as a modifier gene in patients with congenital erythropoietic porphyria
Authors: To-Figueras Jordi , Ducamp Sarah , Clayton Jerome , Badenas Celia , Delaby Constance , Ged Cecile , Lyoumi Said , Gouya Laurent , de Verneuil Hubert , Beaumont Carole , Ferreira Gloria C. , Deybach Jean-Charles , Herrero Carmen , Puy Herve 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMutations in the uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS) gene cause congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), an autosomal-recessive inborn error of erythroid heme biosynthesis. Clinical features of CEP include dermatologic and hematologic abnormalities of variable severity. The discovery of a new type of erythroid porphyria, X-linked dominant protoporphyria (XLDPP), which results from increased activity of 5-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), the rate-controlling enzyme of erythroid heme synthesis, led us to hypothesize that the CEP phenotype may be modulated by sequence variations in the ALAS2 gene. We genotyped ALAS2 in 4 unrelated CEP patients exhibiting the same C73R/P248Q UROS genotype. The most severe of the CEP patients, a young girl, proved to be heterozygous for a novel ALAS2 mutation: c.1757 A > T in exon 11. This mutation is predicted to affect the highly conserved and penultimate C-terminal amino acid of ALAS2 (Y586). The rate of 5-aminolevulinate release from Y586F was significantly increased over that of wild-type ALAS2. The contribution of the ALAS2 gain-of-function mutation to the CEP phenotype underscores the importance of modifier genes underlying CEP. We propose that ALAS2 gene mutations should be considered not only as causative of X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) and XLDPP but may also modulate gene function in other erythropoietic disorders.
The impact of endometrioma and laparoscopic cystectomy on serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels
Authors: Hwu Yuh-Ming , Wu Frank Shao-Ying , Li Sheng-Hsiang , Sun Fang-Ju , Lin Ming-Huei , Lee Robert Kuo-Kuang 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) had been proposed as a marker of ovarian reserve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of endometrioma and laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve as measured by serum AMH levels.

Methods
A total of 1,642 patients were recruited in this retrospective analysis. Control group (group 1) included 1,323 infertility patients without endometrioma. Endometrioma group (group 2) included 141 patients with ovarian endometrioma. Previous cystectomy group (group 3) included 147 patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral laparoscopic cystectomy due to ovarian endometrioma more than 6 months before enrollment. Current cystectomy group (group 4) included 31 patients who underwent cystectomy during study period. Serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were measured upon enrollment with all patients. For patients in group 4, AMH levels were measured before and 3 months after cystectomy.

Results
Mean AMH level of patients in control group was significantly higher than that of endometrioma group or previous cystectomy group in each age subgroup, while the mean serum AMH level of the endometrioma group was also significantly higher than that of the previous cystectomy group in each age subgroup. The mean AMH level was significantly lower in patients with previous bilateral cystectomy compared to that of patients with unilateral cystectomy. The mean serum AMH level was also significantly lower in patients with bilateral endometrioma compared to that of patients with unilateral endometrioma. In group 4, mean AMH level significantly decreased from 3.95 +/- 0.42 preoperation to 2.01 +/- 0.21 ng/ml at 3-month postoperation.

Conclusions
Both ovarian endometrioma and cystectomy are associated with a significant reduction on ovarian reserve. Bilateral endometrioma exerts a more profound negative impact on ovarian reserve than unilateral endometrioma, regardless of either conservative or surgical intervention.
Endotoxemia in pediatric critical illness - a pilot study
Authors: Dholakia Shamik , Inwald David , Betts Helen , Nadel Simon 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Introduction
The aim was to investigate the prevalence of endotoxemia in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and its association with disease severity and outcome.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of children admitted to PICU at St. Mary's Hospital, London over a 6-month period. One hundred consecutive patients were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Severity of illness was assessed by the pediatric index of mortality 2 (PIM2) score. The pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score was performed daily for the first 4 days. Patients were categorized according to primary reason for PICU admission. Blood samples were taken within 24 hours of admission and endotoxemia was measured using the endotoxin activity assay (EAA). Patients were stratified according to EAA level (high, EAA > 0.4, low, EAA < 0.4) and categorized as septic, post-surgical, respiratory or other. Data were analyzed using appropriate non-parametric tests.

Results
EAA level was significantly lower in PICU controls versus other PICU admissions (P = 0.01). Fifty-five children had endotoxemia on admission. Forty-one (75%) of these were eventually diagnosed with an infectious cause of admission. Nine children without infection had elevated EAA on admission. An infectious cause of admission was significantly associated with endotoxemia (P < 0.005). Of 15 children with gram-negative infection, only 9 (60%) had endotoxemia on admission. Endotoxemia on admission was not associated with shock or death. However, there was a tendency for increased PELOD score and length of stay in endotoxemic children.

Conclusions
Endotoxemia is common in children admitted to intensive care. Understanding the implications of endotoxemia and potential anti-endotoxin strategies may have the potential to reduce severity of illness and length of PICU stay in critically ill children.
The Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Ionic Liquid Media of 1-Methylimidazolium Alkyltes
Authors: Ma Fumin , Li Wen , Lai Guoqiao , Guo Jianlin , Ruan Min , Qin Wanguang 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Three brønsted acidic ionic liquids, 1-methylimidazolium acetate ([Hmim][CH3COO]), 1-methylimidazolium propionate ([Hmim][CH3CH2COO]) and 1-methylimidazolium butyrate ([Hmim][CH3CH2CH2COO]) were used as reaction medium for atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB)/CuBr as the initiating system. Kinetic studies, chain extension and block copolymerization confirmed the well-controlled manner of these polymerizations in three brønsted acidic ionic liquids. The reactions were fast and the polydispersities of the polymers were quite narrow (1.10&lt;Mw/Mn&lt;1.34). The rate of polymerization in [Hmim][RCOO] decreased with the increasing alkyl chain lengths (n from 1 to 3), indicating a strong dependence of reaction rate on the length of the substituted groups of the anions in ionic liquids.
Ownership Concentration, Managerial Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Mandacı Pınar , Gumus Guluzar 
Published: June 2011

Ownership Concentration, Managerial Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from TurkeyThis study examines the effects of ownership concentration and managerial ownership on the profitability and the value of non-financial firms listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) in the context of an emerging market. We measure the firm's performance by Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q ratios, where the former measures profitability and the latter the value of the firm. In addition, we give detailed information on the main characteristics of the ownership structures of the firms in our sample and find that ownership of Turkish firms is highly concentrated. In addition, the unlisted holding companies have the highest average percentage of shares, which supports the belief that individuals or families establish the holding companies in order to control their listed firms. After controlling for investment intensity, leverage, growth and size, we find that ownership concentration has a significantly positive effect on both firm value and profitability, while managerial ownership has a significantly negative effect on firm value.
Polish botanical and mycological studies of the Antarctic terrestrial and fresh water ecosystems in 1977-2009: An overview
Authors: Köhler Piotr , Olech Maria 
Published: June 2011

Polish botanical and mycological studies of the Antarctic terrestrial and fresh water ecosystems in 1977-2009: An overviewThis paper recapitulates Polish botanical and mycological research on terrestrial and freshwater Antarctic ecosystems carried out between 1977 and 2009. The main results are briefly summarized. The references encompass nearly 200 papers on floristics, taxonomy, biogeography, ecology, cytology, biochemistry, physiology and genetics of lichens, mosses, fungi, algae and vascular plants inhabiting soils, rocks and inland waters in the Antarctic.
On Two Nanocomposite Models: Differences, Similarities and Interpretational Possibilities Regarding Tsagaropoulos' Model and Tanaka's Model
Authors: Danikas Michael 
Published: June 2011

On Two Nanocomposite Models: Differences, Similarities and Interpretational Possibilities Regarding Tsagaropoulos' Model and Tanaka's ModelNanocomposites consist nowadays a major field of research. This paper investigates the interpretational possibilities of two models developed, namely, Tsagaropoulos' model and Tanaka's model. The two models were developed separately and independently from each other. They both consider various layers around the nanoparticles. They both consider well bonded and more loosen layers. Similarities and differences between the two models are pointed out as well as possibilities for further research in order to shed light on some aspects of electrical phenomena in these materials.
Real Time Motion Data Preprocessing
Authors: Benický Peter , Jurišica Ladislav 
Published: June 2011

Real Time Motion Data PreprocessingThere is a lot of redundant data for image processing in an image, in motion picture as well. The more data for image processing we have, the more time is needed for preprocessing it. That is why we need to work with important data only. In order to identify or classify motion, data processing in real time is needed.
Vector Control with Optimal Torque of a Salient-Pole Double Star Synchronous Machine Supplied by Three-Level Inverters
Authors: Nezli Lazhari , Mahmoudi Mohand 
Published: June 2011

Vector Control with Optimal Torque of a Salient-Pole Double Star Synchronous Machine Supplied by Three-Level InvertersThis work relates to the study of the vector control of the salient-pole double star synchronous machine drive (DSSM) fed by three-level inverters which are controlled by PWM hysteresis strategy. Indeed, it is a question of carrying out a decoupling between rotor flux and electromagnetic torque, by introducing a vector control with an optimal torque working and by imposing constant flux regime. Furthermore, to ensure a decoupled dynamic behavior of the machine as in the case of a DC machine, a regulation of the rotor current has been introduced through a chopper operating at 5 kHz chopping frequency, feeding the excitation circuit. The obtained results are very satisfactory and reveal the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Application Potential of Nanocrystalline Ribbons Still Pending
Authors: Butvin Pavol , Butvinová Beata , Švec Peter , Sitek Jozef 
Published: June 2011

Application Potential of Nanocrystalline Ribbons Still Pending
Nanocrystalline soft-magnetic ribbons promised a wide-spread practical use when introduced at the beginning of nineties. After 20 years of extensive research there are still unclear material problems which are thought to be the principal reason why these materials show but marginal use. Poorly controllable magnetic anisotropy due to spontaneous intrinsic macroscopic stress that comes from an inevitable heterogeneity of the ribbon materials is pointed to in this work. Certain stress-based mechanisms are shown to induce the unintended anisotropy in the already familiar Finemets as well as in the newer Hitperms. Hysteresis loops, domain structure and power loss is used to reveal the anisotropy consequences and particular connected but still unanswered questions are pinpointed.
Experience with Imaging by Using of Microfocus X-Ray Source
Authors: Zápražný Zdenko , Korytár Dušan , Dubecký František , Áč Vladimír , Stachura Zbigniew , Lekki Janusz , Bielicky Jakub , Mudroň Ján 
Published: June 2011

Experience with Imaging by Using of Microfocus X-Ray SourceIn this paper we present the current work and experience with using microfocus x-ray generator and commercial CCD camera for x-ray imaging purpose. There is a need in laboratories for the development of imaging methods approaching synchrotron radiation sources, where the brilliance of radiation is on very high-level. Generally, there is no continuous access to synchrotron facilities. Several synchrotron radiation laboratories allocate the access via a proposal system. Thus the time for synchrotron radiation experiments seldom exceeds more than 1-2 weeks per year, which restricts its application to a few selected experiments. Even in future, the routine characterization of samples will be performed mainly at the experimenters home laboratories [10]. In this contribution we show that with the present set-up it is possible to achieve the spatial resolution down to μm and with the appropriate geometry a phase contrast images are observable.
A New Soft Starting Method for Wound-Rotor Induction Motor
Authors: Sharifian Mohammad , Feyzi Mohammad , Sabahi Mehran , Farrokhifar Meysam 
Published: June 2011

A New Soft Starting Method for Wound-Rotor Induction Motor
Starting of a three-phase Induction motor using a starter rheostat in rotor circuit has some disadvantages. A new method for starting of a three-phase motor by using a parallel combination of resistors, self-inductors and capacitors in rotor circuit is proposed in this paper. The proposed method ensures the soft and higher starting torque as well as limited starting current as compared to shorted rotor method. The characteristic curves for both methods (shorted rotor and rotor with added elements) are provided. The mathematical model based on the steady-state equivalent circuit of the induction motor is expanded in frequency domain and the required computer program is prepared using an optimization method. The values for added elements to rotor circuit are calculated in such a way that minimum starting time considering current and torque limitations are achieved.
IM Based Speed Servodrive with Luenberger Observer
Authors: Gacho Juraj , Žalman Milan 
Published: June 2011

IM Based Speed Servodrive with Luenberger ObserverThe article concerns observing states of the Induction Motor (IM) using a Luenberger observer in the speed servo drive. The movement of the motor and observer roots is analyzed for a variable speed. Following the analysis, a new method for gain evaluation of the IM magnetic flux observer is presented. This structure is extended by including an adaptive speed observer. The functionality of the presented method is proved in simulations using MATLAB Simulink.
Timber beams subjected to long - term loading
Authors: Sógel K. 
Published: June 2011

Timber beams subjected to long - term loadingWood is a significant structural material, which is often used for timber bearing structures. Elements of timber structures must especially satisfy safety requirements, which are expressed by the ultimate limit states in the established standards. The structure must also satisfy the serviceability limit states. Local and global deformations make it impossible for the structure to serve the purpose it was designed for. It is important to take the deflections and their possible increase into account in the design to provide a structure which can be used during the whole period of service. Based on earlier examinations, it is known that a timber element over the course of long-term loading shows creep behavior. The structure of wood is able to adapt to the conditions of the surrounding environment. The properties of wood are especially affected by the relative humidity of the air and then by the type, intensity and duration of the loading. The most important factors affecting the serviceability of timber structures are volume changes caused by humidity and additional deflections caused by the effects of long-term loading. These phenomena emphasize the importance of serviceability limit states for timber structures. The paper deals with a long-term experimental investigation of timber girders that are currently often used. The aim was to obtain the deflection curves and mark the time dependence and the final deflections. The paper will also define the approximations for simulating the time-dependent deflections and obtain the creep coefficients for calculating the final deflections of the girders investigated.
Possibility of utilization directing structures in river revitalization
Authors: Šlezingr M. , Synková J. , Foltýnová L. , Uhmannová H. 
Published: June 2011

Possibility of utilization directing structures in river revitalizationDirecting and concentrating structures are mainly used on water courses with unstable channels and major sediment transport or in areas with major bank erosion. The main purpose of these structures is to redirect water flow from the stressed and very often eroded bank to the centre of the channel or other parts of the channel, where the water flow may be used, e.g., for dispersion of unsuitable deposits before its eventual stabilization by natural succession. Another important goal is to achieve a desired change in a stream channel by using the transporting power of the water flow and targeted deposition of any sediment. The area of a deflecting structure, a so-called hydraulic shadow, also appears where sediment is deposited (deflector). The objective is to achieve the deposition of sediments at desired places in the stream. It is possible to design a whole range of suitable or less suitable types of flow deflectors. In our article, we will particularly focus on problems of revitalizing a water course; i.e., the design of structures from biological or biotechnical elements for channel stabilization.
Une petite entreprise de réassemblage du monde
Authors: Le Meur Pierre-Yves 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Les plans fonciers ruraux ( pfr ) sont des interventions foncières qui visent à la fois la connaissance et la reconnaissance des droits fonciers « tels qu’ils sont perçus et reconnus par les populations elles-mêmes ». Ils se déploient dans le cadre d’un dispositif d’enquête et d’intervention complexe qui mobilise de manière plus ou moins explicite ou sous-jacente des concepts et des théories sociales. Les différents niveaux de présence de l’anthropologie et de l’anthropologue dans la conception, l’appréhension et la mise en œuvre du plan foncier rural au Bénin sont analysés sur la base d’une ethnographie elle-même plurielle, combinant des phases de recherche fondamentale et appliquée. L’analyse de l’intervention comme opération complexe de traduction sera précédée par une discussion des régimes d’énonciation et des concepts médiateurs qui organisent le pfr .
Soigner le sida en Afrique. Recherche biomédicale et engagement humanitaire
Authors: Eboko Fred 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Cet article explore la rencontre rare et riche d’enseignements scientifiques et politiques entre une équipe de recherche et une organisation humanitaire, au regard des sciences sociales. Une unité de l’Institut de recherche pour le développement ( ird France) et la section helvétique de Médecins sans frontières ( msf Suisse) ont contracté un mariage de raison à Yaoundé au Cameroun en 2001. Ces deux institutions ont mis en commun savoirs scientifiques et engagement humanitaire au service d’une des plus importantes causes sanitaires de notre époque : soigner les malades du sida en Afrique.