bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advance Care Planning for Children With Rare Diseases: A Pilot RCT
Authors: Lyon Maureen E. , Fraser Jamie L. , Thompkins Jessica D. , Clark Heidi , Brodie Nicola , Detwiler Kathryn , Torres Clarivet , Guerrera Michael F. , Younge Tamiko , Aoun Samar , Trujillo Rivera Eduardo A. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEPediatric rare diseases are often life-limiting conditions and/or require constant caregiving. Investigators assessed the initial efficacy of the FAmily CEntered (FACE) pediatric advance care planning (pACP), FACE-Rare, intervention on families’ quality of life.METHODSA pilot-phase, single-blinded, intent-to-treat, randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled families from 1 pediatric quaternary hospital between 2021 and 2023. Intervention families received 3 weekly 60-minute (FACE-Rare pACP) sessions: (1) Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool or Action Plan, (2) Carer Support Needs Assessment Tol Action Plan Review, and (3) Pediatric Next Steps: Respecting Choices pACP. Controls received treatment as usual (TAU). Outcome measures were Beck Anxiety Inventory, Family Appraisal of Caregiving, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Spirituality, and health care utilization. Generalized mixed effect models with γ response assessed the intervention effect at 3-month follow-up.RESULTSChildren (n = 21) were aged 1 to 10 years, 48% male, 24% Black; and 100% technology dependent. Primary family caregivers (n = 21) were aged 30 to 43 years, 19% male, 19% Black; and 27% household income below the Federal poverty level. Dyads underwent 1:1 randomization: 9 to FACE-Rare and 12 to TAU. TAU caregivers reported statistically lower meaning and peace than FACE-Rare caregivers (0.9, P = .03, confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–0.99). Black caregivers reported significantly less caregiver distress (0.7, P = .04, CI: 0.47–0.98) than non-Black caregivers. Poor families reported more anxiety (3.5, P = .002, CI: 1.62–7.94), more caregiver strain (1.2, P = .006, CI: 1.07–1.42); and less family well-being (0.8, P = .02, CI: 0.64–0.95).CONCLUSIONSFACE®-Rare was feasible, acceptable, safe, and demonstrated initial efficacy, providing greater feelings of meaning and peace to caregivers. Poverty impacted well-being. A multisite trial is needed to determine generalizability.
DIREITO À BUSCA DA FELICIDADE: UMA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS DECISÕES EM SEGUNDA INSTÂNCIA DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Pereira Bruno Gomes , Andrezzo do Prado Caio , Romano Morilas Luciana 
Published: May 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar os acórdãos de segunda instância do Tribunal de Justiça que tiveram suas decisões fundamentadas no direito à busca da felicidade. Foram 476 processos categorizados quanto em: assunto, finalidade, obrigações, incidência ou não de custo ao Estado, sigilo, gênero do(a) relator(a); perfil do autor e do réu (homem, mulher ou empresa); característica do autor e do réu (pessoa física ou jurídica). Para a categorização dos dados, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Com isso, a análise se centrou em quatro categorias principais: Consumo (65%), Família (16,81%), Saúde (13,03%) e Outros (5%). Consumo foi composto, por questões relacionadas a contratos bancários (juros praticados ao consumidor). Família se espalha em assuntos relacionados a União Estável, Paternidade, Divórcio, Parentalidade, Maternidade, Herança e Direito à Visita. Já a Saúde foi formada, majoritariamente, por assuntos referentes ao fornecimento de medicamento, em especial, à fosfoetanolamina sintética. Por fim, o grupo Outros, englobou as categorias que, somadas, não atingiram 5% dos acórdãos. As decisões apontam que o direito à busca da felicidade é utilizado, na maior parte, em contratos bancários, aspecto relacionado a um direito patrimonial disponível, ainda que essencial à sobrevivência em uma sociedade capitalista.
The Problem of Legal Acculturation of the Kazakh People&apos;s Court of the Early 20th Century in the Assessment of the Orenburg Lawyer and Public Figure L. A. Slovohotov
Authors: Lyubichankovskiy Sergey 
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the contribution of a prominent public and judicial figure of Orenburg Leonid Alexandrovich Slovohotov to the social and scientific discussion about the possibilities of using traditional institutions of justice in the all-imperial system of government and court, which unfolded in the late 19th — early 20th century. The views of L. A. Slovohotov concerning the people&apos;s court of the Kazakh people are analyzed. The absentee dispute between L. A. Slovohotov, on the one hand, and N. Dingilstedt, N. Maximov, I. I. Kraft and A. I. Dobrosmyslov, on the other hand, is shown. It is concluded that, according to L. A. Slovohotov, not the eradication of traditional forms of justice and legal consciousness was the main way of further integration of the Kazakh society into the all-Russian socio-cultural field, but the need for legal acculturation of the Kazakh people&apos;s court of the early 20th century through its inclusion in the all-imperial system of justice.
De novo peptide sequencing with InstaNovo: Diffusion-powered, peptide identification for large scale proteomics experiments
Authors: Jenkins Timothy , Eloff Kevin , Kalogeropoulos Konstantinos , Morell Oliver , Mabona Amandla , Jespersen Jakob Berg , Williams Wesley , Beljouw Sam van , Skwark Marcin , Laustsen Andreas Hougaard , Ljungars Anne , Schoof Erwin , Goey Jeroen Van , Keller Ulrich auf dem , Beguir Karim , Carranza Nicolas Lopez , Brouns Stan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Bottom-up mass spectrometry-based proteomics is challenged by the task of identifying the peptide that generates a tandem mass spectrum. Traditional methods that rely on known peptide sequence databases are limited and may not be applicable in certain contexts. De novo peptide sequencing, which assigns peptide sequences to the spectra without prior information, is valuable for various biological applica-tions; yet, due to a lack of accuracy, it remains challenging to apply this approach in many situations. Here, we introduce InstaNovo, a transformer neural network with the ability to translate fragment ion peaks into the sequence of amino acids that make up the studied pep-tide(s). The model was trained on 28 million labelled spectra matched to 742k human peptides from the ProteomeTools project. We demon-strate that InstaNovo outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets and showcase its utility in several applications. Building upon human intuition, we also introduce InstaNovo+, a multi-nomial diffusion model that further improves performance by iterative refinement of predicted sequences. Using these models, we could de novo sequence antibody-based therapeutics with unprecedented cov-erage, discover novel peptides, and detect unreported organisms in different datasets, thereby expanding the scope and detection rate of proteomics searches. Finally, we could experimentally validate tryp-tic and non-tryptic peptides with targeted proteomics, demonstrat-ing the fidelity of our predictions. Our models unlock a plethora of opportunities across different scientific domains, such as direct protein sequencing, immunopeptidomics, and exploration of the dark proteome.
Optimization of an efficient MLP model with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for predicting relative humidity levels
Authors: YAHIA Abdellah BEN , KADIR Iman , ABDALLAOUI Abdelaziz , ELAZHARI Kaoutar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Relative humidity is a crucial indicator of the amount of water vapor in the air. Expressed as a percentage of the amount needed to reach saturation at a given temperature and pressure. Prediction of relative humidity levels allows us to adapt to our environment and avoid the negative impact of this indicator on our daily lives. Hence the interest in using innovative methods based on artificial intelligence instead of the current less efficient statistical methods, such as multiple linear regression, ... The objective of this study is to create a high-performing model using artificial neural networks of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) type, while optimizing database distribution, hidden layer quantity, and node number with the Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm. The model aims to predict relative humidity levels in Tangier city. The study utilized a meteorological database with daily readings of nine variables, consisting of eight factors: temperature, shortwave radiation, direct shortwave radiation, total cloud cover, total precipitation, evapotranspiration, vapor pressure deficit, and wind speed, to forecast the output, which is the definition of relative humidity. The values in this database were recorded between January 1985 and December 2022 (13869 days). The efficacy of the developed models was evaluated by computing and contrasting performance metrics, including the correlation coefficient and root mean square error. The study findings demonstrate that the optimal MLP model for forecasting relative humidity in Tangier includes an [8–13–1] architecture utilizing the "Tansig" function in the hidden layer and the "Purelin" function in the output layer. For this optimized model, the correlation coefficient and mean squared error have respective values of R = 0.984 and 2.60 × 10− 3. This MLP model is deemed to be more efficient than the models established by multiple linear regressions (with an R value less than 0.86 and MSE greater than 10.09). These results could have practical applications for better understanding and adapting to climate variations in this region.
(Sero)Prevalence of (Re)Emerging Major Arbovirus Infections in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Authors: Adu Evans Asamoah , John John H. , Alani Hakim , Wiredu Akua Pomaah , Boakye Alexander Owusu , Adobasom-Anane Austin Gideon , Walden Francisca Efua , Ekekpi Rita Ziem , Adusah Emmanuel , Dadzie Welbeck Odame , Struck Nicole S. , Obirikorang Christian , Awuah Anthony Afum-Adjei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Arbovirus infection outbreaks are becoming more common in Africa. However, it is still difficult and crucial to better understand arbovirus transmission patterns, disease trends, and burdens. The epidemiology of these infections—dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), and yellow fever virus (YFV)—is unfortunately not well understood. This review provides an epidemiological inventory of DENV, ZIKV, CHIKV, WNV, RVFV, and YFV infections in Africa, with helpful results for risk mapping and upcoming prevention and control initiatives.
Methods
This systematic review protocol implements the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and an expert-evaluated design and laboratory assay and reporting evaluation (DARE) concept. Two independent reviewers conducted preliminary literature searches in PubMed in May 2023 to improve the search keywords, strategy, and inclusion criteria while considering the context and scientific significance. The final search will be conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect (SCOPUS), the Web of Science Core Collection, African Journal Online and Google Scholar. Two reviewers will simultaneously and independently conduct searches, screen studies, and extract data. Quality assessment will be performed by two independent epidemiology experts, and discrepancies will be handled by consensus or by consulting a third reviewer. Meta-analysis will be performed to determine the pooled estimates of arbovirus circulation and transmission patterns in Africa.
Discussion
In this review, we present an epidemiological inventory with information that will be relevant for risk assessment, future arbovirus infection outbreak prevention, and arbovirus infection outbreak control in Africa. This will include estimating the patterns, trends, and burdens of arboviral infection across Africa, as well as identifying the regions with the highest risk of transmission. This approach will be crucial for developing well-informed policies for epidemic prevention.
Systematic review registration
The review is registered and accessible at Prospero with the registration ID CRD42023434939.
What Doesn’t Kill Us: Harsh Ecologies Beget Difficulty-as-Improvement Norms
Authors: Oyserman Daphna , Malekabadi Farzan , Ziabari Alireza , Omrani Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Culture-based norms help people make sense of their worlds especially in ambiguous situations. We show that harsher environments foster one such norm, difficulty-as-improvement, which focuses on whether unchosen difficulty has a character-building upside. People are more likely to hold difficulty-as-improvement beliefs if they live in societies with harsher environments (e.g., mortality, economy, ecology). Moreover, difficulty-as-improvement beliefs are sticky –relatively stable once developed, more prevalent in traditional cultures, and associated with societal and individual endurance-based action. Effects are stable across diverse methods and samples –simulation, spatial analyses, historical analyses, and multinational surveys.
Efficient amine-assisted hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol collectively catalysed by ruthenium single sites and ensembles in a unified catalyst
Authors: Chen Liang , Yang Qihao , Wang Yinming , Pan Dianhui , Su Desheng , Liu Hao , Zhang Qiuju , Dai Sheng , Tian Ziqi , Lu Zhiyi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Amine-assisted sequential hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2), without the requirement of energy-intensive activation of inert CO2, is an efficient route to generate methanol (i.e., an essential secondary feedstock). However, this one-pot sequential hydrogenation process requires a multifunctional catalyst capable of efficiently catalysing both amine N-formylation and amide hydrogenation. Ruthenium-based catalysts possess substantial catalytic prowess in both steps of the sequential hydrogenation process, while the optimal Ru species required for the specific steps depends on distinct criteria. Herein, to optimize the two-step methanol production process, morpholine was used as a typical amine assistant, and Al2O3-supported ruthenium catalysts (Ru-1, Ru-2, Ru-3) with isolated Ru sites (Ru1) or/and Ru ensembles (Rue, including Ru clusters, Ruc, and Ru nanoparticles, Rup) configurations were rationally fabricated via the judicious annealing strategy. Compared to the energy-intensive CO2 hydrogenation process, within the sequential catalytic system, morpholine, H2 and CO¬2 underwent an initial conversion to give N-formylmorpholine (NFM), which was subsequently hydrogenated, resulting in the low-temperature formation of methanol (120 °C). Additionally, the excellent regeneration (>99%) of morpholine guarantees a sustainable progression towards subsequent cycles. Experimental analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the metallic Rue are superior catalytic sites for the N-formylation step, whereas the isolated Ru1 sites exhibit higher amide hydrogenation activity. Thus, the optimal Ru¬-2 catalyst, which simultaneously features metallic Ruc and isolated Ru1 sites, can efficiently synergize the conversion of CO2 into methanol in a one-pot two-step process with exceptional selectivity (>95%), highlighting the crucial sensitivity of the process to the structure of active metal species. This work not only presents an advanced catalyst suitable for CO2-based methanol production but also elucidates the requirements for rational design of multiple optimized active sites within the single catalyst for multistep catalytic reactions in the future.
Chromosome segregation of human non-homologous Robertsonian translocations: insights from preimplantation genetic testing
Authors: Benn Peter , Merrion Katrina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Robertsonian translocations (RTs) are associated with a high risk for unbalanced segregations. Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) offers an early opportunity to evaluate segregation patterns and selection against chromosome imbalances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chromosome complements in blastocysts for male and female RT carriers and provide information useful in PGT counseling for RT carriers. PGT results were reviewed for 296 couples where a balanced and non-homologous RT was present in one member of the couple. All embryos had day 5/6 trophectoderm biopsy and SNP-based PGT. The study included 2,235 blastocysts, of which 2,151 (96.2%) had results. Significantly fewer blastocysts were available for female RT carriers (mean 4.60/IVF cycle) compared to males (5.49/cycle). Male carriers were more likely to have blastocysts with a normal/balanced chromosome complement; 84.8% versus 62.8% (P < 0.00001). Male carriers had fewer blastocysts with monosomy (60/152, 39.5%) compared to female carriers (218/396, 55.1%) (P = 0.001). 21 (1%) blastocysts showed 3:0 segregation; these were mostly double trisomies and derived from female carriers. Differences between chromosome complements for males versus female carriers suggest that selection against unbalanced forms may occur during spermatogenesis. Six blastocyst samples showed an unexpected (“non-canonical”) combination of trisomy and monosomy One case of uniparental disomy was identified. For female carriers, there was no association between unbalanced segregation and parental age but for male carriers, there was an inverse association. PGT is a highly beneficial option for RT carriers and patients can be counseled using our estimates for the chance of at least one normal/balanced embryo.
Revisiting nucleophilicity: an index for chemical reactivity from a CDFT approach
Authors: Hoffmann Guillaume , Chermette Henry , Morell Christophe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Understanding and predicting the nucleophilic reactivity are paramount in elucidating organic chemical reactions and designing new synthetic pathways. In this study, we propose a nucleophilicity index within the framework of Conceptual Density Functional Theory (CDFT). Through rigorous theoretical formulations, we introduce an original quantum reactivity descriptor that captures the nucleophilic propensity of molecules based on their electronic structure and chemical environment. Subsequently, this proposed index is applied to a series of nucleophiles (pyrrolidines derivatives), spanning a diverse range of chemical functionalities. Our computational assessments reveal insightful correlations between the predicted nucleophilicity index and experimental observations of nucleophilic behavior. Thereby they offer a promising avenue for advancing the understanding of organic reactivity and guiding synthetic efforts.
Model Based Deep Learning Method for Focused Ultrasound Pathway Scanning
Authors: Lari Salman , Kohandel Mohammad , Kwon Hyock Ju 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The primary purpose of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a non-invasive medical therapy, is to precisely target and ablate tumors by focusing high-frequency ultrasound from an external power source. A series of ablations must be performed in order to treat a big volume of tumors, as a single ablation can only remove a small amount of tissue. To maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse side effects such as skin burns, preoperative treatment planning is essential in determining the focal site and sonication duration for each ablation. Here, we introduce a machine learning-based approach for designing HIFU treatment plans, which makes use of a map of the material characteristics unique to a patient alongside an accurate thermal simulation. A numerical model was employed to solve the governing equations of HIFU process and to simulate the HIFU absorption mechanism, including ensuing heat transfer process and the temperature rise during the sonication period. To validate the accuracy of this numerical model, a series of tests was conducted using ex vivo bovine liver. The findings indicate that the developed models properly represent the considerable variances observed in tumor geometrical shapes and proficiently generate well-defined closed treated regions based on imaging data. The proposed strategy facilitated the formulation of high-quality treatment plans, with an average tissue over-or under-treatment rate of less than 0.06 percent. The efficacy of the numerical model in accurately predicting the heating process of HIFU, when combined with machine learning techniques, was validated through quantitative comparison with experimental data. The proposed approach in cooperation with HIFU simulation holds the potential to enhance presurgical HIFU plan.
Symptomatic Malignant Ascites Drainage with a Patient-controlled Vascular Catheter – interim analysis of safety and patients’ reported outcomes
Authors: Stukan Maciej , Jedryka Marcin , Cokan Andrej , Klát Jaroslav , Iheme Munachiso Ndukwe , Kryszpin Marcin , Poblocka Renata , Timošek Eva , Romanová Martina , Kolarová Klára , Madry Radoslaw , Cibula David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Malignant ascites (MA) and repeated paracentesis can impair patient’s quality of life (QOL).
The aim was to evaluate changes in patients’ QOL and the safety of MA drainage with a patient-controlled central vascular catheter (CVC) inserted into the abdominal cavity.
This is an interim analysis of a prospective, multicentre trial ongoing within the Central and Eastern European Gynaecologic Oncology Group (CEEGOG). CVC (14-Ga) was inserted into the abdominal cavity of patients with symptomatic MA and drainage was controlled by patients at home. The rate and quality of complications were classified according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 5.0. QOL was evaluated before and 10-14 days after/during drainage with standardized QLQ-C15-PAL, SGA, and FACIT-TS-G questionnaires. Wilcoxon and Chi-squared tests were used.
Among 113 recruited patients (2015-2022) 8 adverse events were detected in 7 patients (6.2%), including one serious (death on the 9th day after catheter insertion, classified as not related to the intervention). Other complications were local infection (n=2) (resolved after oral antibiotics), catheter obstruction (n=2), catheter self-removal (n=2) (re-insertion performed), and nausea (n=1). When comparing the assessment before and after/during drainage, we found the significantly better global quality of life (mean 31.8 vs 47.8, p<0.001), improvement in physical (52.6 vs 64.4, p<0.001) and emotional functioning (50.7 vs 65.4, p<0.001); symptoms were significantly less intense: fatigue (66.7 vs 50.9, p<0.001), nausea and vomiting (37.8 vs 21.4, p<0.001), pain (53.9 vs 34.1, p<0.001), dyspnoea (48.5 vs 22.3, p<0.001), insomnia (49.1 vs 34.3, p<0.001), appetite loss (56.3 vs 40.3, p<0.001), constipation (31.0 vs 25.2, p=0.007), and more patients had no pain on eating (71.3% vs 82.9%, p=0.04). Most patients (78%) were satisfied, 83% would recommend the procedure to others, and 90% would choose intervention again.
MA drainage via patient-controlled CVC inserted into the abdominal cavity is safe and improves patients’ QOL.