bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saving the Soul of the Nation: Essentialist Nationalism and Interwar Rural Wales
Authors: GRIFFITH WIL 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article explores how the land and the agricultural community were made out to be central to the assertion of Welsh national identity between the world wars. Political Nationalism came out of a disillusion with Liberal national sentiment. Liberal nationalists had recognised the significance of the land in Wales and made secure a devolved administrative regime for agriculture, the Welsh Council of Agriculture, originally established before 1914. For the political Nationalists, however, this was far too little. They perceived a cultural and economic crisis which might be overcome only through complete self-government. That crisis originated historically in the annexation of Wales to England which had intruded an alien land system and destroyed a natural, patriarchal rural order; which had foisted an alien commercial, industrial system and had led to the Anglicisation of Welsh society. In its depressed state, inter-war Wales was subjected to a new and reactive form of politics, often influenced by European right wing ideas, which was anti-urban, anti-capitalist, anti-English and anti-modern, all of which had wider repercussions for the future of Welsh identity.
Roles, stacks, histories: A triple for Hoare
Authors: BORGSTRÖM JOHANNES , GORDON ANDREW D. , PUCELLA RICCARDO 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBehavioral type and effect systems regulate properties such as adherence to object and communication protocols, dynamic security policies, avoidance of race conditions, and many others. Typically, each system is based on some specific syntax of constraints, and is checked with anad hocsolver. Instead, we advocate types refined with first-order logic formulas as a basis for behavioral type systems, and general purpose automated theorem provers as an effective means of checking programs. To illustrate this approach, we define a triple of security-related type systems: for role-based access control, for stack inspection, and for history-based access control. The three are all instances of a refined state monad. Our semantics allows a precise comparison of the similarities and differences of these mechanisms. In our examples, the benefit of behavioral type-checking is to rule out the possibility of unexpected security exceptions, a common problem with code-based access control.
Methods for protein identification using expressed sequence tags and peptide mass fingerprinting for seed crops without complete genome sequences
Authors: Yang Liming , Luo Yuming , Wei Jifu , Ren Chongmiao , Zhou Xin , He Shaoheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProteomic approaches based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and database search are widely used to address questions about the development, physiology and quality of seeds. Identification of proteins is of great importance in proteomic analyses. For seed crops without full genome information, cross-species protein identification by mass spectrometry-driven sequence similarity search can be used. However, this approach is risky due to protein polymorphism between different species. Species-specific expressed sequence tag (EST) databases are an invaluable resource, which complements mass spectrometry data analysis for protein identification. Here, we illustrate a modified method of protein identification and characterization using species-specific EST databases and peptide mass fingerprinting with an example of protein identification. This method is reliable, supplements the existing methods, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of protein identification for seed crops for which complete genome information is not available.
The profits of free books: an experiment to measure the impact of open access publishing
Authors: SNIJDER Ronald 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis article describes an experiment to measure the impact of open access (OA) publishing of academic books. During a period of nine months, three sets of 100 books were disseminated through an institutional repository, the Google Book Search program, or both channels. A fourth set of 100 books was used as control group. OA publishing enhances discovery and online consultation. Within the context of the experiment, no relation could be found between OA publishing and citation rates. Contrary to expectations, OA publishing does not stimulate or diminish sales figures. The Google Book Search program is superior to the repository.
Evidence for Marfan cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alpendurada Francisco , Wong Joyce , Kiotsekoglou Anatoli , Banya Winston , Child Anne , Prasad Sanjay K. , Pennell Dudley J. , Mohiaddin Raad H. 
Published: September 2010

AimMarfan syndrome (MFS) is an inherited connective tissue disease which frequently involves the cardiovascular system. The heart can be affected since valvular regurgitation is a common complication. However, there is still debate whether a primary cardiomyopathy exists. Our aim was to evaluate the existence of a Marfan‐related cardiomyopathy using cardiovascular magnetic resonance.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively evaluated 68 consecutive adult patients with no cardiovascular surgery or significant valvular regurgitation. Left ventricular and right ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and mass were estimated and compared with published data on a healthy control population. Patients were also assessed for heart failure, aortic dimensions, and valve disease.One quarter (25.0%) of Marfan patients had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), with 25.0% having increased left ventricular end‐diastolic and 30.8% having increased end‐systolic volumes. The right ventricular ejection fraction was reduced in 10.3%, with increased right ventricular end‐diastolic volumes in 11.8% and increased end‐systolic volumes in 13.2%. On univariate analysis, no association was found between reduced LVEF and age, gender, indexed aortic dimensions, presence of mitral valve prolapse, or valve regurgitation.ConclusionThis study supports the existence of a primary cardiomyopathy in a subgroup of Marfan patients. The biventricular enlargement and dysfunction is usually mild, asymptomatic, and independent from other cardiovascular manifestations. Further studies are needed to assess underlying causes and natural history of this condition. Routine monitoring and treatment in MFS may need to be tailored not only to prevent aortic root expansion but also to support myocardial function.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor attenuates left ventricular remodelling after acute anterior STEMI: results of the single‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled multicentre STem cEll Mobilization in Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEM‐AMI) Trial
Authors: Achilli Felice , Malafronte Cristina , Lenatti Laura , Gentile Francesco , Dadone Viola , Gibelli Giuseppe , Maggiolini Stefano , Squadroni Lidia , Di Leo Claudio , Burba Ilaria , Pesce Maurizio , Mircoli Luca , Capogrossi Maurizio C. , Di Lelio Alessandro , Camisasca Paola , Morabito Alberto , Colombo Gualtiero , Pompilio Giulio ,   for the STEM‐AMI Investigators
Published: September 2010

AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) on left ventricular (LV) function and volumes in patients with anterior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and depressed LV ejection fraction (EF).Methods and resultsSixty consecutive patients with anterior STEMI, undergoing primary angioplasty percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with symptom‐to‐reperfusion time of 2–12 h and EF ≤45% after PCI, were randomized to G‐CSF 5 μg/kg b.i.d. subcutaneously (n = 24) or placebo (n = 25) for 5 days, starting <12 h after PCI. The primary endpoint was an increase from baseline to 6 months of 5% in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Co‐primary endpoint was a ≥20 mL difference in end‐diastolic volume (EDV). Infarct size and perfusion were evaluated with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and gated 99mTechnetium Sestamibi single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Left ventricular EDV and end‐systolic volume (ESV) increased from baseline to 6 months in the placebo group (81.7 ± 24.4 to 94.4 ± 26.0 mL/m2, P < 0.00005 and 45.2 ± 20.0 to 53.2 ± 23.8 mL/m2, P = 0.016) but were unchanged in the G‐CSF group (82.2 ± 20.3 to 85.7 ± 23.7 mL/m2, P = 0.40 and 46.0 ± 18.2 to 48.4 ± 20.8 mL/m2, P = 0.338). There were no significant differences in EF or perfusion between groups. A significant reduction in transmural LGE segments was seen at 6 months in the G‐CSF vs. placebo groups (4.38 ± 2.9 to 3.3 ± 2.6, P = 0.04 and 4.2 ± 2.6 to 3.6 ± 2.7, P = 0.301, respectively). Significantly more placebo patients had a change in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume abovethe median (9.3 mL/m2) when reperfusion time exceeded 180 min (median time‐to‐reperfusion) (P = 0.0123). Severe adverse events were similar between groups.ConclusionEarly G‐CSF administration attenuates ventricular remodelling in patients with anterior STEMI and EF ≤45% after successful PCI.
An Interpersonal Analysis of Adult Attachment Style: Circumplex Descriptions, Recalled Developmental Experiences, Self‐Representations, and Interpersonal Functioning in Adulthood
Authors: Gallo Linda C. , Smith Timothy W. , Ruiz John M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPrevious research suggests that the structure of adult attachment is dimensional, but the specific dimensions remain unclear. Given its relational nature, studies should examine attachment structure in association with conceptually related interpersonal constructs. The interpersonal model (Kiesler, 1996) provides an integrative framework to examine this structure and associations between dimensions of attachment security (i.e., Anxiety and Avoidance) and: 1) the dimensions of the interpersonal circumplex, 2) the five‐factor model of personality, 3) recollections of mothers and fathers, and 4) current self‐processes and adult social functioning. In two samples of undergraduates, the Anxiety and Avoidance dimensions were associated with a hostile‐submissive interpersonal style. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that dimensions representing combinations of Anxiety and Avoidance, and roughly corresponding to the dimensions from Secure (i.e., low Anxiety and Avoidance) to Fearful (i.e., high Anxiety and Avoidance) attachment and from Preoccupied (i.e., high Anxiety and low Avoidance) to Dismissive (i.e., low Anxiety and high Avoidance) attachment related to the interpersonal constructs. The Secure to Fearful dimension (i.e., overall attachment security) seemed to share relatively more variance with the interpersonal constructs. These dimensions were associated with theoretically consistent characteristics, recollections of early experiences with parents, self‐representations, and social functioning.
Towards Finding the Person in the Data of Personality
Authors: West Stephen G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article is based on an address given on the occasion of receiving the 2000 Henry A. Murray award. The article presents a glimpse of my life story in personality and contributions to the field. These are placed in the context of observations about the recent history and sociology of the field. I outline some perspectives on the data that are collected and missing in personality research as well as the analyses that are conducted and those that are not conducted. These considerations identify both some persisting limitations in personality research and alternative analytic approaches that may prove useful in framing and answering new questions. Of particular promise are intensive studies that allow researchers to maintain a clear focus on the individual person.
Two Spheres of Belief in Justice: Extensive Support for the Bidimensional Model of Belief in a Just World
Authors: Bègue Laurent , Bastounis Marina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this research comprising five studies (N=666) was to further corroborate the bidimensional conceptualisation of the belief in a just world proposed by Lipkus et al. (1996). It was demonstrated that belief in a just world for the Self (and not for Others) was correlated to evaluations of the meaning of life. Belief in a just world for Others was significantly correlated to discrimination against the elderly, stigmatisation of poverty, and higher penal punitiveness, while belief in a just world for Self was weakly or not related to these variables. Together, these observations confirm the importance of the conceptual and psychometric distinction between these two spheres of the belief in a just world.
Girls' Use of Defense Mechanisms Following Peer Rejection
Authors: Sandstrom Marlene J. , Cramer Phebe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study explores the relation between girls' social adjustment and their use of defense mechanisms. We recruited girls representing four sociometric status classifications (rejected, neglected, average, and popular), and assessed their use of defense mechanisms both before and after encountering a peer rejection experience in the laboratory. We hypothesized that increasing degrees of social maladjustment would be associated with higher levels of defense use, particularly after encountering a rejection experience. Our results supported these hypotheses. There was a significant negative relationship between social adjustment and defense use, both prior to and immediately following the rejection experience. Categorical analyses revealed that rejected and neglected girls used more defenses following the rejection experience than did popular and average girls.
The effect of observer's set on the processing of temporally distributed items1,2
Authors: Kawahara Jun‐Ichiro 
Published: September 2010

Abstract: Perception of the second of two rapidly presented targets is impaired when the temporal lag between them is short (attentional blink, AB). Previous studies showed two types of AB functions. One is that the performance for the second target has been found to be most impaired at the shortest lag (Lag 1), that is, when the second target appeared directly after the ﬁrst target. The other is that the performance was not impaired at Lag 1 (Lag 1 sparing). The present study examined whether the task set of observers determines the occurrence of Lag 1 sparing. The experiment revealed that Lag 1 sparing occurred only when the observers were informed of the relationships of target locations. The present results extend the explanation of Lag 1 sparing by attentional gating (Visser, Zuvic, Bischof, & Di Lollo, 1999b) and suggest that this gating system is not stimulus‐driven but subject to goal‐directed control.
Clinical trial: the efficacy and tolerability of velusetrag, a selective 5‐HT4 agonist with high intrinsic activity, in chronic idiopathic constipation – a 4‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose–response study
Authors: Goldberg M. , Li Y.‐P. , Johanson J. F. , Mangel A. W. , Kitt M. , Beattie D. T. , Kersey K. , Daniels O. 
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1102–1112SummaryBackground  Velusetrag is an orally active 5‐HT4 receptor agonist of potential benefit in treating chronic idiopathic constipation.Aim  To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of velusetrag in chronic idiopathic constipation.Methods  After a 2‐week baseline period, patients [<3 spontaneous bowel movements (SBM)/week] received placebo or velusetrag (15, 30 or 50 mg) daily for 4 weeks in a randomized, double‐blind design, followed by a 1‐week follow‐up period. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in weekly SBM frequency averaged over the 4‐week treatment period.Results  Patients receiving velusetrag (15, 30 and 50 mg) achieved statistically and clinically significant increases in weekly SBM frequency relative to those receiving placebo. Mean increases were 3.6, 3.3 and 3.5 SBM/week respectively, compared with 1.4 SBM/week for placebo (P < 0.0001). Statistically significant increases in the weekly frequency of complete SBM (CSBM) were also reported (mean increases of 2.3, 1.8 and 2.3 for 15, 30 and 50 mg velusetrag respectively, compared with 0.6 for placebo). Common adverse events associated with velusetrag were diarrhoea, headache, nausea and vomiting, generally occurring during the initial days of dosing.Conclusion  Velusetrag was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00391820).
Molecular identification of rickettsia‐like microorganisms associated with colonized cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis)
Authors: Higgins J. A. , Sacci J. B. , Schriefer M. E. , Endris R. G. , Azad A. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from eight commercial flea colonies from various regions of the USA were examined by selective PCR amplification, and subsequent restriction digest analysis and Southern hybridization of PCR products, for the presence of a rickettsia‐like organism (ELB agent). These flea colonies were either started with fleas from one supplier (EL Labs), in which ELB agent was first identified, or were started with fleas from stray cats and dogs and later came into contact with ELB‐infected fleas. Infection rates in the colonies ranged from 43% to 93%. The successful propagation of ELB agent in these colonies may be due to efficient trans‐stadial and transovaria) transmission. While ELB agent has recently been identified in blood from human murine typhus cases, attempts to infect mammalian cells and SCID mice with flea isolates were unsuccessful.
A technique for nucleic acid in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes of mosquitoes in the Anopheles gambiae complex
Authors: Kumar V. , Collins F. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA sensitive, simple, and reproducible in situ hybridization technique for the detection and precise localization of specific nucleic acid sequences on chromosomes of members of the Anopheles gambiae complex is described. Modifications of the in situ hybridization technique are described that allow simultaneous hybridization of several probes with the chromosomes on a single slide and the multiple use of a single chromosome preparation for several different probes hybridized successively on the same slide. Examples are shown that illustrate the utility of the technique for localization of both single copy and repeated sequences in both polytenized euchromatin and centromeric heterochromatin.
RFLP analysis of ribosomal DNA in sibling species of spider mite, genus Panonychus (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Osakabe Mh. , Sakagami Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRibosomal DNA (rDNA) restriction fragment length of spider mites was analysed in three sibling species of genus Panonychus (P. mod, P. citri and P. ulmi) and Tetranychus urticae. Seventy‐one fragments were detected by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) after Southern hybridization with two genomic rDNA probes of mouse. Percentages of shared fragments within species were larger than those among species, indicating that the variation of rDNAs was useful in phylo‐genetic studies of spider mite species. In a phenogram based on differences of the rDNA fragment length, the relationship among Panonychus species was compatible with the results of analysis based on the morphological characters.
Cloning and expression of the ecdysteroid receptor during ecdysis and reproduction in females of the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae)
Authors: Horigane M. , Ogihara K. , Nakajima Y. , Shinoda T. , Taylor D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMolecular mechanisms of ecdysteroid regulation in development and reproduction have been thoroughly investigated in Diptera and Lepidoptera, but few studies report the molecular actions of ecdysteroids in hemimetabolous insects and more primitive arthropods. Ecdysteroids appear to be the main hormones regulating development and vitellogenesis in ticks. An ecdysteroid receptor that showed high homology with EcRs of other arthropods was isolated from Ornithodoros moubata (OmEcRA). OmEcR expression patterns coincided with ecdysteroid titres in the haemolymph during moulting and vitellogenesis and differed between mated and virgin females. Therefore, OmEcR appears to mediate the regulation of moulting and vitellogenesis by ecdysteroids in O. moubata females as seen in other arthropods.
Trypanosoma brucei bruceiinduces alteration in the head proteome of the tsetse fly vectorGlossina palpalis gambiensis
Authors: Lefèvre T. , Thomas F. , Ravel S. , Patrel D. , Renault L. , Le Bourligu L. , Cuny G. , Biron D. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractParasitic manipulations of host behaviour are known from a wide range of host–parasite associations. However, the understanding of these phenomena is far from complete and detailed investigation of their proximate causes is needed. Many studies report behavioural modifications, such as altered feeding rates in tsetse fly (Glossina) infected with the mature transmissible stage (i.e. metacyclic) of the trypanosomes. Here, bidimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were employed to analyse and compare the head proteome between fourGlossina palpalis gambiensiscategories (uninfected, refractory, mature infection, immature infection). Twenty‐four protein spots specifically present or absent in the head of metacyclic‐infected flies were observed. These protein spots were subsequently identified and functionally classified as glycolitic, neurotransmiter synthesis, signalling, molecular chaperone and transcriptional regulation proteins. Our results indicate altered energy metabolism in the head of metacyclic‐infected tsetse flies. Some of the proteins identified, such as casein kinase 2 and jun kinase have previously been shown to play critical roles in apoptosis in insect neurones. In addition, we found two pyridoxal‐dependent decarboxylases (dopa decarboxylase and alpha methyldopa hypersensitive protein), suggesting a modification of serotonin and/or dopamine in the brain of metacyclic‐infected tsetse flies. Our data pave the way for future investigation of the alteration of the glossina central nervous system during infection by trypanosomes.
Hepatopancreatic multi‐transcript expression patterns in the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus during the moult cycle
Authors: Yudkovski Y. , Shechter A. , Chalifa‐Caspi V. , Auslander M. , Ophir R. , Dauphin‐Villemant C. , Waterman M. , Sagi A. , Tom M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlterations of hepatopancreatic multi‐transcript expression patterns, related to induced moult cycle, were identified in male Cherax quadricarinatus through cDNA microarray hybridizations of hepatopancreatic transcript populations. Moult was induced by X–organ sinus gland extirpation or by repeated injections of 20‐hydroxyecdysone. Manipulated males were sacrificed at premoult or early postmoult, and a reference population was sacrificed at intermoult. Differentially expressed genes among the four combinations of two induction methods and two moult stages were identified. Biologically interesting clusters revealing concurrently changing transcript expressions across treatments were selected, characterized by a general shift of expression throughout premoult and early postmoult vs. intermoult, or by different premoult vs. postmoult expressions. A number of genes were differentially expressed in 20‐hydroxyecdysone‐injected crayfish vs. X–organ sinus gland extirpated males.