bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘One wants to know what a chromosome is’: the internet as a coping resource when adjusting to life parenting a child with a rare genetic disorder
Authors: Gundersen Tonje 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe internet has democratised access to health and diagnostic information, enabling patients to mobilise social support from peers and advocate their interests in encounters with medical personnel. Research has shown that these possibilities are particularly important for patients and caregivers confronting a rare medical condition. However, little research has focused on how the act of searching for and accumulating information via the internet can be important for coping emotionally with a situation characterised by uncertain prospects and inadequate information from health personnel. This paper explores the experiences of 10 Norwegian parents whose children have different rare genetic disorders and who used the internet as a resource. The analysis draws on the theoretical framework of the medical sociologist Aaron Antonovsky, who emphasises people’s inherent ability to manage extremely stressful life experiences. Analysing the process of adjusting to and coping with life parenting a child suffering from a rare genetic disorder, this study shows that becoming knowledgeable about a child’s condition is essential for gradually comprehending and managing a situation that initially seems unmanageable and distressful. It also suggests that as parents adjust, so do the frequency and purpose of their internet searches.
Disclosure of STI testing activities by young adults: the influence of emotions and social networks
Authors: Balfe Myles , Brugha Ruairi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThirty young adults (between 18 and 29 years of age) who had sought STI testing were interviewed about their experiences of ‘passing’ during the STI testing process (keeping their testing practices a secret from other individuals), and also their experiences of disclosing to other individuals the fact that they had sought STI testing. Respondents kept their STI testing practices secret from others in order to preserve their identities as ‘normal’ individuals. They feared that their identities would become stigmatised if other people were to find out about their testing practices. Keeping their practices a secret was difficult and emotionally draining. Consequently, respondents usually chose to inform a few key individuals about their testing activities. These individuals provided respondents with emotional support and helped them to pass as normal. Healthcare professionals were a particular, valued group to whom respondents disclosed their need for STI testing. A number of respondents reported experiencing stigmatising reactions from healthcare professionals, however, which had deleterious consequences for these respondents’ willingness to seek treatment for their STI. Findings are discussed in relation to Goffman’s impression management framework (1959, 1963) and develop Goffman’s work by highlighting the roles played by emotions and social networks in impression management activities.
Mirror movements in healthy humans across the lifespan: effects of development and ageing
Authors: KOERTE INGA , EFTIMOV LARA , LAUBENDER RUEDIGER PAUL , ESSLINGER OLAF , SCHROEDER ANDREAS SEBASTIAN , ERTL‐WAGNER BIRGIT , WAHLLAENDER‐DANEK UTE , HEINEN FLORIAN , DANEK ADRIAN 
Published: October 2010

Aim  Mirror movements are a transient phenomenon during childhood, which decrease in intensity with motor development. An increasing inhibitory competence resulting in the ability of movement lateralization is thought to be the underlying mechanism. We aimed to quantify unintended mirror movements systematically across the lifespan and to investigate the influences of age, sex, handedness, and task frequency.Method  A total of 236 participants (127 females, 109 males; 216 right‐handed, 20 left‐handed; age range 3–96y, median 25y 8mo) first performed four clinical routine tests while mirror movements were rated by the observer. They were then asked to hold a force transducer in each hand between the thumb and index finger and to perform oscillatory grip force changes in one hand, while the other hand had to prevent the force transducer from dropping.Results  Age showed a strong nonlinear effect on the mirror‐movement ratio (the amplitude ratio of the mirror and active hand, adjusted by the respective maximum grip force). Initially, there was a steep decline in the mirror‐movement ratio during childhood and adolescence, followed by a gradual rise during adulthood. Males had lower mirror‐movement ratios than females. The high‐frequency condition triggered lower mirror‐movement ratios. No significant differences of mirror movements between dominant and non‐dominant hand, or left‐ and right‐handed participants, were found.Interpretation  This study provides, for the first time to our knowledge, normative values of mirror movements across the lifespan that can aid differentiation between physiological and pathological mirror movements.
Utility of language comprehension tests for unintelligible or non‐speaking children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: GEYTENBEEK JOKE , HARLAAR LAURIKE , STAM MARLOES , KET HANS , BECHER JULES G , OOSTROM KIM , VERMEULEN R JEROEN 
Published: October 2010

Aim To identify the use and utility of language comprehension tests for unintelligible or non‐speaking children with severe cerebral palsy (CP).Method Severe CP was defined as severe dysarthria (unintelligible speech) or anarthria (absence of speech) combined with severe limited mobility, corresponding to Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV to V. An electronic search in the databases of PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, and CINAHL was made of studies published between January 1965 and December 2008. Indexing terms and free‐text terms for ‘cerebral palsy’, ‘language’, and ‘instrumentation’ were used. Studies were included when (1) the focus was to investigate comprehension of spoken language of children (0–18y) with severe CP, and (2) language tests were described.Results Twelve standardized tests and five experimental instruments were identified. All standardized tests were developed for children without limited mobility. Only the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – Revised was frequently used and feasible for older children with severe CP (>9y). The other tests were used occasionally. To establish utility, adaptations of standardized test procedures were necessary.Interpretation Language comprehension tests for children with severe CP are scarce. A language comprehension test specifically designed for these children is warranted.
The impact of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programmes on maternal health care in resource‐poor settings: looking beyond the PMTCT programme—a systematic review
Authors: Both JMC , van Roosmalen J 
Published: October 2010

Please cite this paper as:Both J, van Roosmalen J. The impact of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programmes on maternal health care in resource‐poor settings: looking beyond the PMTCT programme—a systematic review. BJOG 2010;117:1444–1450.Background There is increasing debate about the impact of scaled‐up HIV/AIDS programmes on fragile healthcare systems in low‐income countries.Objectives To contribute to the understanding of the relation between HIV/AIDS programmes and healthcare systems, this systematic review focuses on the impact of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programmes on maternal health care.Search strategy Publications describing the effect of PMTCT programmes on maternal healthcare services were sought through computerised searches in five electronic databases.Selection criteria Abstracts of publications were evaluated for appropriateness for inclusion based on whether they met the inclusion criteria.Data collection and analysis Copies of all selected publications were obtained. A classification system was developed to group the relevant publications.Main results The findings show that empirical evidence of the effect of PMTCT programmes on maternal health care is scarce and further research is badly needed. Twenty‐one studies that were included in the systematic review showed that PMTCT programmes are often semi‐integrated in maternal health care with positive as well as negative effects on various aspects of maternal health care.Authors’ conclusions It appears that PMTCT programmes miss the opportunity to have an overall positive effect on maternal health care because of their verticality.
A longitudinal study of patient and surgeon goal achievement 2 years after surgery following pelvic floor dysfunction surgery
Authors: Srikrishna S , Robinson D , Cardozo L 
Published: October 2010

Please cite this paper as: Srikrishna S, Robinson D, Cardozo L. A longitudinal study of patient and surgeon goal achievement 2 years after surgery following pelvic floor dysfunction surgery. BJOG 2010;117:1504–1511.Objective  To compare patient goal achievement in prolapse and continence surgery with objective/subjective outcomes; secondarily, to compare patient goal achievement with overall satisfaction and with that of the surgeon.Design  Prospective longitudinal observational study, over 2 years.Setting  Tertiary urogynaecology centre.Population  Women with prolapse or stress incontinence due for surgery.Methods  Patients and surgeons listed five goals that they hoped to achieve following surgery. Objective assessment was with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP‐Q) and videocystourethrography (VCU). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed with a Prolapse QoL questionnaire (PQoL), Kings Health questionnaire (KHQ) and Golombok–Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) and satisfaction was assessed with the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I).Main outcome measures  Goal achievement was measured on a 100‐mm visual analogue scale (VAS); objective cure of prolapse by POP‐Q and of stress incontinence by VCU; QoL was assessed by KHQ, PQoL and GRISS; and satisfaction by PGI‐I.Results  Complete data were available for 112 women. POP‐Q scores significantly improved (P < 0.05); objective cure of incontinence (from VCU) was 88.8%. All QoL questionnaires and PGI‐I scores showed significant improvement (P < 0.01). Mean goal achievement was 85.1% for patients and 89.6% for surgeons. Patient goal achievement for prolapse surgery was observed sooner and correlated more with other measures of success than continence surgery. Continence‐related goals based on symptom relief were achieved more than those based on body image and sexuality. Surgeons reported a high achievement rate in anatomical restoration and functional improvement goals.Conclusions  Patient goal achievement correlates significantly with other measures of ‘success’ as well as with overall satisfaction. Surgeons and women have varying expectations of the outcome of surgery. Nearly 90% of goals are still achieved 2 years following surgery.
At the crossroads of longevity and metabolism: the metabolic syndrome and lifespan determinant pathways
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Ceolotto Giulio , Pagnin Elisa , de Kreutzenberg Saula , Avogaro Angelo 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly prevalent in the general population and carries significant incremental morbidity and mortality. It is associated with multi‐organ involvement and increased all‐cause mortality, resembling a precocious aging process. The mechanisms that account for this phenomenon are incompletely known, but it is becoming clear that longevity genes might be involved. Experiments with overactivation or disruption of key lifespan determinant pathways, such as silent information regulator (SIR)T1, p66Shc, and mammalian target of rapamycin (TOR), lead to development of features of the metabolic syndrome in mice. These genes integrate longevity pathways and metabolic signals in a complex interplay in which lifespan appears to be strictly dependent on substrate and energy bioavailability. Herein, we describe the roles and possible interconnections of selected lifespan determinant molecular networks in the development of the metabolic syndrome and its complications, describing initial available data in humans. Additional pathways are involved in linking nutrient availability and longevity, certainly including insulin and Insulin‐like Growth Factor‐1 (IGF‐1) signaling, as well as FOXO transcription factors. The model described in this viewpoint article is therefore likely to be an oversimplification. Nevertheless, it represents one starting platform for understanding cell biology of lifespan in relation to the metabolic syndrome.
The concepts of revenue management: a tutorial
Authors: Bell Peter C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe objective of this article is to lay out the fundamental concepts that make up the field known within operations research (OR) as revenue management (RM). Five basic ideas (overbooking, differential pricing, product protection, planned upgrades, and short‐selling) and their variants provide the conceptual foundations of the practice of RM and motivate OR research in RM. Understanding these concepts will provide an understanding of the practice of RM and the RM algorithms in use today, and will also help to understand some of the new business practices that we see appearing every day.
Spinal Cord Stimulation Causes Potentiation of Right Vagus Nerve Effects on Atrial Chronotropic Function and Repolarization in Canines
Authors: JACQUES FRÉDERIC , CARDINAL RENÉ , YIN YALIN , ARMOUR J. ANDREW , GUIRAUDON GÉRARD M. , JONES DOUGLAS L. , PAGÉ PIERRE 
Published: October 2010

Spinal Cord Stimulation Modulates Vagal Atrial Influences. Introduction: Experimental evidence suggests that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can cause augmentation of parasympathetic influences on the heart via enhanced vagus nerve (VgN) activity. Herein, we investigated whether this might lead to enhanced inducibility of vagally mediated atrial tachyarrhythmias (AT) and whether such actions depend on intact autonomic neural connections with central neurons.
Method and Results:
Epidural SCS electrodes were implanted at T1‐T4 in anesthetized canines. Sinus cycle length prolongation, atrial repolarization changes (191 epicardial electrode sites), and AT inducibility in response to right VgN stimuli applied at the cervical level were determined before and during SCS. VgN‐induced sinus cycle length prolongation was potentiated during SCS among the animals with intact neural connections or bilateral vagotomy proximal to the stimulation site, whereas such prolongation was unaffected by SCS among animals with bilateral decentralization of stellate ganglia. Likewise, the atrial surface area in which VgN‐induced repolarization wave form changes were identified was significantly augmented during SCS among the former but not among the latter. AT facilitation occurred during SCS in the majority of animals with intact neural connections, particularly among those displaying relatively greater potentiation of vagally mediated sinus cycle length prolongation.
Conclusion:
The data indicate that SCS may cause potentiation of parasympathetic influences on the atria in response to cervical VgN stimulation. Such SCS effects appear to be mediated via decreased tonic inhibitory sympathetic influences in the presence of intact stellate ganglion connections to central neurons. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 440‐447)
Ablation of Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: 1‐Year Follow‐Up Through Continuous Subcutaneous Monitoring
Authors: POKUSHALOV EVGENY , ROMANOV ALEXANDER , CORBUCCI GIORGIO , ARTYOMENKO SERGEY , TUROV ALEX , SHIROKOVA NATALYA , KARASKOV ALEXANDER 
Published: October 2010

Ablation of Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Background: The aim of this prospective observational study was to identify responders to ablation through continuous subcutaneous monitoring for 1 year after ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) or persistent AF (PersAF).
Method:
Patients with symptomatic drug refractory AF were enrolled. Real‐time three‐dimensional (3D) left atrium maps were reconstructed by using a nonfluoroscopic navigation system (CARTO, Biosense‐Webster Inc., Diamond Bar, CA, USA). The ipsilateral left and right pulmonary veins (PVs) were encircled in 1 lesion line by circumferential PV isolation. All patients were implanted with Reveal XT (Medtronic Inc.) for continuous AF monitoring and data collected every month during the 12‐month follow‐up.
Results:
We enrolled 129 patients (56 ± 9 years, 102 males), all of whom were followed‐up for 12 months after the last ablation procedure: 58 (45%) had a history of PersAF. After only 1 ablation procedure, 76 (59%) of the 129 patients were AF‐free at 12‐month: 48 out of 71 (68%) in the PAF group and 28 out of 58 (48%) in the PersAF group. After 1 or more ablation procedures, 94 (73%) of the 129 patients were AF‐free 12 months after the last procedure: 57 out of 71 (80%) in the PAF group and 37 out of 58 (64%) in the PersAF group.
Conclusion:
Ablation is highly effective in treating AF, as assessed through detailed 1‐year continuous monitoring: success rate is higher in PAF than in PersAF patients. The use of subcutaneous monitors is a valuable means of identifying responders and nonresponders, and can potentially guide antiarrhythmic and antithrombotic therapies. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 369‐375)
Managing Change on Complex Programs: VIRGINIA Class Cost Reduction
Authors: JOHNSON DAVID C. , DRAKELEY GEORGE M. , PLANTE THOMAS N. , DALTON WILLIAM J. , TROST CHRISTOPHER S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractToday's ship acquisition environment demands the delivery of more ship for less money. The VIRGINIA Class Submarine Program faced this challenge explicitly, with its mandate to achieve cost reduction of approximately $400 million per ship by FY 2012 as a necessary condition for increased production. For VIRGINIA Class, accomplishing this objective meant implementing a number of significant cost reducing changes to a mature design and hundreds of construction processes—ensuring that these changes enhanced rather than disrupted the “normal” learning occurring in the serial submarine construction. Managing these changes and their impact on ongoing efforts to achieve good learning from ship to ship (also known as the learning curve) was further complicated by interactions between learning and other factors like changes to production rate, funding profiles, construction schedules, and the workforce. Performance of the VIRGINIA Class Program was dynamically simulated to determine in advance the likely full consequences (including indirect impacts) of cost reduction actions in the context of evolving program conditions. The simulation of VIRGINIA Class Program performance captured individual factors whose improvement together drives the classic learning curve—for example, design maturity, material availability, staff experience, and so on—and was validated against historical program performance. This simulation capability was used to evaluate the full impact of potential changes, individually and in combination, along with sensitivity to a variety of different future scenarios. The analysis provided insights regarding the degree of disruption from different cost reduction changes, synergies between these changes, and interactions with other program conditions. This provided an independent “reality check” on the path taken by the VIRGINIA Class cost reduction effort, guidance regarding key sensitivities and risks to be managed, and data that supported contracting for the next block of ships.
Real Options in Ship and Force Structure Analysis: A Research Agenda
Authors: KOENIG PHILIP C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the evaluation of large, risky expenditures on long‐lived capital investments, conventional engineering economic analysis methods do not provide adequate insight into the option value of managerial flexibility and strategic interactions. A common practical remedy is to set aside the (incomplete) analysis in favor of intuition and judgment, which in many instances results from tacit knowledge of embedded option‐type value. If this value could be explicitly documented then the decision criteria would be more transparent. With this in mind, a “real” options analogy with financial options has been proposed; the attraction is that methods for valuing financial options are mature. Naval ship design and acquisition is an option‐laden environment. Therefore if a naval version of the real options analogy were developed, it would add considerable insight. In this paper, the motivation for option‐based analysis is introduced, the basic mechanics of financial options are reviewed, and an agenda for developing options‐informed naval analyses is suggested.
Development of Spodoptera frugiperda on different hosts and damage to reproductive structures in cotton
Authors: Barros Eduardo M. , Torres Jorge B. , Ruberson John R. , Oliveira Martin D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a widespread pest species of various cultivated plants. The pest status of FAW in cotton in the Cerrado region of Brazil has increased with the recent changes in cotton crop systems, such as double cropping and the use of cover or winter crops with non‐tillage cropping systems. In this study we investigated the performance of FAW on three major crops cultivated in the Cerrado – soybean, corn, and cotton – and millet which has been integrated into the landscape as a cover crop. Further, the damage to various reproductive structures of cotton plants by FAW larvae was determined. Both studies were conducted under field conditions. Survival of FAW larvae caged on millet plants was higher than on other hosts. The FAW reared on millet also exhibited a net reproductive rate similar to that observed on corn, which was considered the best host for FAW, and the highest intrinsic rate of increase and lowest mean generation time compared to all other hosts. In cotton, the low availability of bolls during the plant’s blooming stage resulted in higher square feeding, whereas infestation during the plant’s boll stage resulted in higher loss of bolls and lower attack on squares. The number of adults produced in a generation was higher when plants were infested in the boll stage. The results indicated that FAW is a threat to cotton when bolls are available and can cause significant loss of reproductive structures. In addition, based on the FAW performance feeding on millet, this cover crop can be among the reasons of FAW increasing pest status in subsequent crops.