bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple solitons with fission and multi waves interaction solutions of a (3+1)-dimensional combined pKP-BKP integrable equation
Authors: Saifullah Sayed , Ahmad Shabir , Ali Khan Meraj , ur Rahman Mati 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (pKP) equation delineates the development of small-amplitude, nonlinear, long waves characterized by a gradual variation in the transverse coordinate. The B-type KP equation outlines the relationships among exponentially localized shapes and was employed as a representation for shallow water waves and plasma physics. In this paper, we consider the combined pKP-BKP integrable equation. We discuss the multiple solitons of a newly proposed (3+1)-dimensional combined pKP-BKP integrable equation. We use the Hirota bilinear (HB) form of the considered equation to deduce fission process in higher order solitons with different orders. Moreover, the breather dynamics and its interaction with other solitons are investigated via HB. The lump solution and its interaction with first order and fourth order kink soliton is studied.
Revealing the high-performance of a novel Ge-Sn-Based perovskite solar cell by employing SCAPS-1D
Authors: Ashrafi Noor–E- , Miah Md Helal , Rahman Md Bulu , Aminul Islam Mohammad , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, a novel Ge-Sn based perovskite solar cell (PSC) with the structure FTO/WS2/ FA0.75MA0.25Sn0.95Ge0.05I3/MoO3/Ag has been designed and thoroughly analyzed employing SCAPS-1D. Drawing attention from the work of Ito et al where a similar perovskite-based PSC displayed a poor performance of ∼ 4.48% PCE, in which a large conduction band offset (CBO) acts as a critical factor contributing to interfacial recombination and device deterioration. To address this issue, we presented WS2 as an electron transport layer (ETL) along with MoO3 as a hole transport layer (HTL), both possessing compatible CBO and valence band offset (VBO) with perovskite material. Through systematic simulations and optimizations, remarkable improvements in the PSC’s performance have been acquired, getting a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.97%. The optimized structure involved a 50 nm MoO3 HTL, 350 nm FA0.75MA0.25Sn0.95Ge0.05I3 light-harvesting layer (LHL), and a 50 nm WS2 ETL. Bulk defect densities for the LHL and ETL were optimized to 1 × 1015 cm−3 and 1 × 1018 cm−3, respectively, significantly superior values than that of reported value in the literature. Particularly, the tolerable defect density of ETL has increased 1000 times more than the published literature. The interfacial tolerable trap density for MoO3/perovskite increased from 1 × 1014 cm−2 to 1 × 1016 cm−2. The study also explored the impact of defects on quantum efficiency, revealing a severe negative influence beyond a perovskite bulk defect density of 1 × 1017 cm−3. Light intensity analysis demonstrated a correlation between incident light reduction and device performance decay. Capacitance–Voltage (C-V) and Mott–Schottky (M-S) have been analyzed during the study. Finally, the total recombination of the optimized device concerning thickness has been analyzed along with the dark J-V characteristics. The comprehensive insights gained from this work are anticipated to accelerate the fabrication of mixed Ge-Sn based PSCs with improved efficiency, paving the way for commercialization in the photovoltaic industry.
Microstructure and cyclic hardening/softening behavior of laser welded high strength steel joints under asymmetrical cyclic loading
Authors: Zhao Xinlong , Yang Shanglei , Bi Junhang , Tian Jiawei , Li Yanlei , Peng Zeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The cyclic behavior of materials under load and its influence on the mechanical properties of materials have always been the focus of engineering research. In this study, high strength steel was successfully welded by laser welding. The microstructure of each region of the high strength steel DP590 post-welding was meticulously analyzed. Additionally, 500 cycles of low-cycle fatigue tests of laser welded high strength steel were carried out by using asymmetric stress control method. After fatigue test, tensile test shall be carried out on some samples. Under the specific combination of mean stress and stress amplitude, compare the specimens that have not been fatigue tested with those that have been fatigue tested, the change of properties of laser welded high strength steel joint under asymmetric cyclic load was analyzed. The results showed that, due to cyclic hardening, the tensile strength of the sample increased to 601 MPa and the yield strength to 325 MPa. Compared with the original sample, the tensile strength and yield strength of the sample after asymmetric cycling had increased by 8.65% and 31.3%, respectively.
Comparative study between oxide/soft ferrite, oxide/hard ferrite, and soft/hard ferrite nanocomposites: structural, electrical, and magnetic properties
Authors: Farhat S , Awad R , Bitar Z 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Three binary nanocomposites (NCs): (0.5NiO/0.5Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4), (0.5NiO/0.5BaFe12O19), and (0.5Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/0.5BaFe12O19) were prepared using the co-precipitation method followed by the wet ball-milling technique. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the production of NiO and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 single phases, while the α-Fe2O3 secondary phase appeared in the BaFe12O19 and the 0.5Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/0.5BaFe12O19 nanocomposite. The transmission electron microscopy investigation and the selected area electron diffraction demonstrated the presence of the nanocomposites’ constituent phases. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy identified the oxidation states found in the prepared samples (Ba2+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Zn2+, Fe3+, and O2−). The bandgap values

(
E

g

)

of the nanocomposites are in the range between 2.79 and 3.66 eV, which indicates their semiconductor nature. The DC conductivity experiment confirmed the semiconducting nature of all samples, and the activation energies (

E

aH

) and (

E

aL

) at high and low-temperature regions, respectively, were calculated from the Arrhenius equation. According to the vibrating sample magnetometer, the NCs exhibited ferromagnetic (FM) as showed by the M-H loops. In the oxide/soft ferrite NC, the dM/dH curve indicated strong exchange coupling interactions, while the hard and the soft magnetic phases in the oxide/hard ferrite and the soft/hard ferrite NCs were weakly exchanged coupled. Significant uses had been found for each of the three nanocomposites according to their constituent phases and properties.
Remote operation of the DIII-D National Fusion Facility
Authors: Schissel D.P. , Cho E. , Flanagan S. , Garcia F. , Liu C. , Margo M. , Nguyen J. , Nguyen P. , Parker C. , Penaflor B. , Pederson T. , Piglowski D. , Rivas E. , Shapov R. , Shen H. , Short B. , Waddell T. , Kalling R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Full remote scientific operation of the DIII-D National Fusion Facility is now possible through significant advances in the computer science hardware and software infrastructure made over the last decade. Capabilities around information visualization, data movement, and communication have all been enhanced. The level of capability deployed to remotely operate DIII-D required an infrastructure advancement over what had previously been achieved in the fusion community. The large quantity of real-time data that is automatically displayed on DIII-D’s control room screens can now be visualized by remote participants via web-based applications. New audio/video solutions using the VoIP and instant messaging application Discord have been implemented to mimic the dynamic and ad-hoc scientific conversations that are critical in successfully operating an experimental campaign. Discord’s ability for a user to rapidly move between audio channels, text with images, and share screens is a significant enhancement over traditional videoconferencing tools. In addition, multiple combinations of broadcast audio are made available via a web-based application to allow remote participants to simultaneously listen to general announcements/sounds while conducting their own specific conversations. Secure methodologies have been put into place to allow remote control of hardware including DIII-D’s plasma control system application. Secure methods also included the ability of the on-site team to closely coordinate their work with remote team members which has been enhanced through extensions to the wireless network and the use of tablet computers for audio/video/screen sharing. However, no amount of software can fully replace the need for ‘hands on hardware.’ This infrastructure was severely stress tested during the COVID-19 pandemic where occupancy of the DIII-D control room was restricted. Operational efficiency during the pandemic, measured in discharges per hour, remained high (3.8 ± 0.8) compared to values obtained pre-pandemic (3.7 ± 0.8).
Silicon/Silver nanocomposite-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) biosensor for ultrasensitive direct detection of deafness mutations in real system
Authors: Safadi Arwa Al , Ramachandran Krithikadevi , Tlili Abdelaziz , Daoudi Kais 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising emerging, highly sensitive technique for detecting biological samples. The current research aims to bring an effortless biosensor-based approach to detect and discriminate DNA mutations with their fingerprints for each deafness mutation within the GJB2 (gap junction beta 2) gene. Therefore, we developed silver (Ag) modified silicon-based SERS sensing platform to directly screen GJB2 gene mutations for UAE patients with hereditary hearing loss (HL). The prepared AgNPs@Si biosensor was utilized for establishing a silicon-based SERS biosensing protocol for further analyses toward label-free DNA deafness mutations screening. Furthermore, the comparative studies demonstrated the viability of the developed sensor to distinguish between the normal/mutant samples in the real-time system by investigating the DNA assignments and the peaks intensity. Noticeably, under 785 nm laser excitation distinguishable Raman peaks for cytosine bands (C) are enriched with normal DNA (DMF-34) at 780 cm−1, 1450 cm−1 and 1590 cm−1 whereas with the single nucleotide deletion of cytosine band for the mutant DNA correspondingly predicted with Quenched intensities at the parallel Raman peak positions. The sensitivity studies portrayed the limit of detection to be 1 fg/μL. Further their reproducibility studies evaluation conveyed with low values of % RSD as 10. By the end of this study, we expected to update the mutational profile of the GJB2 gene in the UAE population using the advanced simple SERS-based technique for further supplemental applications in terms of genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe-Mn-Ni-Al-Gd Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Mustafa Faisal , Egilmez Mehmet , Abuzaid Wael , El-Khatib Sami 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There are significant scientific and industrial efforts to develop and optimize Iron-based shape memory alloys (SMA) such as FeMnNiAl for cost-sensitive applications. This alloy system shows shape memory and superelastic properties across a large temperature range. However, many studies have pointed out the need for rather complex thermo-mechanical treatments for the optimization of the SMA properties. In addition, works considering the effects of alloying on the development of microstructures that are more conducive to pseudo-elasticity in this system remain limited. Hence, systematic studies aiming at the investigation of the microstructural evolution of the FeMnNiAl(Gd) system are of great interest. In this study, solution heat treatment is done to tune the microstructure for optimum mechanical properties. The effect of phase distribution on mechanical properties is investigated at different heat treatments. Whereas cyclic heat treatment induced abnormal grain growth (AGG) in all samples, so large grains were obtained. The phase variation and elemental composition are analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, respectively. The microstructure and phase distribution are observed using Scanning Electron Microscope and then related to the microhardness results. The microstructure has a good correlation with mechanical properties where the fine distribution of phases results in a higher hardness number.
Thermal Properties of Backfill Material for Underground Heat Exchange Applications
Authors: Suleiman Bashir M. , Moraitis Daniil , Abdel-Fattah Mohamed I. , Attaelmanan Atta G. , Hamdan Hamdan , Alzaylaie Marwan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We are investigating the effect of the thermal properties of backfill material on the efficiency of underground thermal energy systems. We have used aluminum to increase the thermal properties of clay-bentonite and to investigate its potential as a backfill material in underground heat exchange applications. The measurements of thermal properties were made at room temperature using the Transient Plane Source (TPS) technique. The measurements were based on an infinite homogeneous medium using different composites of aluminum and clays in amounts of aluminum concentration ranging from 6 to 25 percent of the sample’s weight. The results confirmed an overall relative increase of 170% and 135% in the thermal conductivity and diffusivity, respectively as the Al content increased by 25%. The estimated average of the thermal transmittance (U-value ) of these samples was in the range from 0.40 to 1.1 W/m2K, which was directly proportional to the relative increase in the measured properties. Our findings can be applied to underground thermal energy systems, ground source heat pumps, and solid dielectric underground transmission lines.
Effect of Gd, V, and Y Alloying on the Corrosion Properties of Fe-Mn-Ni-Al Fe-based Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Mustafa Faisal , Ahmad Shahbaz , Hassan Arhum , Egilmez Mehmet , El-Khatib Sami , Ibrahim Taleb 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are widely utilized in numerous industrial applications nowadays. Significant attention has been given to Fe-based SMA in civil engineering applications due to their high strength and reasonable cost. Researchers are striving to improve the corrosion resistance of these alloys so they can be utilized in marine environments. This article focuses on the effect of Gd, V, and Y alloying on FeMnNiAl based SMA. The phases and morphological effects were characterized using X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). To examine the corrosive nature of the Fe-based SMA system, a potentiodynamic analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed in 3.5% NaCl solution. Results show that the addition of Gd rare earth metal has improved the overall corrosion efficiency of Fe-based SMAs by 48%.
Electronic, Mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of Ge/Zn co-doped SnSe: first-principles calculations
Authors: Al Bouzieh N , Benkraouda M , Amrane N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Materials based on tin selenide have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties, particularly their high ZT value. This study investigates the impact of co-doping Germanium and Zinc on the electronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of SnSe crystal using first-principles calculations. The doped structure demonstrated a p-type semiconducting behavior with a triclinic stable structure, which was predicted by the calculated elastic constants. Thermoelectric properties were studied for both doped and undoped systems across a wide range of carrier concentrations and temperatures. Results showed that co-doping SnSe with Ge/Zn reduced electronic thermal conductivity at room temperature while simultaneously doubling the Seebeck coefficient. This promising combination of features suggests high thermoelectric performance for the material.
Comparing the plasmon dispersion in graphene and MoS2 nanoribbons array under Electromagnetic excitation
Authors: Samy Omnia , El Moutaouakil Amine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Terahertz properties of different materials have been recently studied due to their wide applications in optoelectronics, industry, product inspection, and spectroscopy. Terahertz frequency applications are promising for the medical field as they are considered safe frequencies. Previous terahertz plasma response focused on 2D materials like graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) due to their favourable electronic properties, high electric conductivity, and their band gap characteristics, so they can be used in electronic devices. Some of these materials showed good biocompatibility so they can be used in biomedical applications. Since graphene has zero band gap, researchers are continuously exploring methods to increase its band gap to be used in electronics. Graphene heterostructures or metamaterials are ways to enhance graphene characteristics for specific applications. This work investigates the possibility of using MoS2 with graphene in THz applications. The plasmon dispersion for graphene and MoS2 nanoribbon array structure is compared. Both graphene and MoS2 behave differently in response to terahertz radiation due to their different band gaps. The results showed that MoS2 exhibits a plasmonic response in the THz region at high carrier concentrations. This opens up opportunities for MoS2 to be employed in THz sensors, both independently and in conjunction with graphene within heterostructures or metamaterials for power sources and detectors. These advancements hold significant potential for the future THz imaging and communication technologies.
Upper Subcell Impacts on Perovskite/u-CIGS Tandem Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Boukortt Nour , Abdulraheem Yaser M. , Patanè Salvatore , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Paul Rabin , AlAmri Amal M. , Wafi Malak , Mohammad Mariam Ali , Almuraished Anfal , Alenezi Noor , Alameeri Latifa , Alenezi Zainab , Nasri Wissem , Hadri Baghdad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the two-terminal perovskite/u-CIGS tandem cells have been numerically performed and studied by using TCAD tools. The investigated planar perovskite model has been performed accordingly in order to match the fabricated structure and to be used as a top cell for tandem cells. The ultrathin CIGS solar cell has been also calibrated according to the fabricated model in order to be used as a good substrate (bottom cell) for the top cell (perovskite). These two cells have been simulated individually and they have revealed an efficiency of up to 20 % and 12.51 % for perovskite and u-CIGS models, respectively. The 2-terminal tandem model is then developed by comprising the top cell with the bottom cell by transparent contact that connects the two sub-cells in series electrically. The influence of changing the defect density in the perovskite film (absorber) and at ETL/absorber and absorber/HTL interfaces on tandem cell characteristics are analyzed. Moreover, we show that the power conversion efficiency of this investigated tandem model can reach over 30% by reducing defect densities and adjusting some sub-cell parameters that were already optimized in our previously published work. These approaches allow us to gain a better understanding of the physical dimensions and defect densities’ effect on the performance of the tandem devices.
The Effect of Antioxidants on the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Alzubaidi Fatima , Zhang Di , Tabet Nouar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The passivation of defects present in the bulk and surface of the perovskite absorbing layers of solar cells is currently the subject of intense research. To address this issue, dopants can be used to minimize the density of defects that occur at the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films. Herein, we introduced two new antioxidants (Morin and Quercetin) in the precursor solutions to passivate the defects present in the Cs0.1FA00.9PbI3 perovskite absorbing layer. The positive impact of antioxidants on the efficiency of perovskite cells has been recently reported. However, more experimental data are needed to identify the most effective passivating agent. The time resolved photoluminescence measurements revealed that the added molecules increased the photocarrier lifetime by 120-194%. Our results showed that the optimum concentrations are 2.223 mM for Morin and 0.0156 mM for Quercetin. These results demonstrate that the new molecules are effective passivating agents and have the potential to improve the device performance. The variation of the cell power conversion efficiency as function of the concentration of the antioxidants will be discussed.
Flexural response of sandwich structures comprising topologically perturbed cores
Authors: Osman Omar Al , Alkhader Maen , Abuzaid Wael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Enhancing the flexural stiffness of sandwich structures comprising honeycomb cores through perturbing their cellular cores is explored computationally in this work. In-plane sinusoidal perturbations are imposed on the ligaments of hexagonal cores to increase their second moment of inertia and flexural load-carrying capacity. The sensitivity of sandwich structures’ flexural strength, peak load and specific energy absorption to the imposed perturbation is investigated. Introduced perturbations are controlled through their amplitude and frequency. Results show that increasing the perturbation frequency and amplitude generally increases the flexural stiffness and peak loads of sandwich structures with perturbed cores without compromising their lightweight properties. However, low frequencies and amplitudes had a negligible effect on the sandwich structures’ mechanical properties.
LIPSS formation on Ni surface using mixed near-infrared laser beam harmonics
Authors: Khalil Baha , Alnaser Ali S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) is investigated with femtosecond laser pulses with 1030nm wavelength and its second and its harmonics. The second (λ2ω
= 515nm) and third harmonics (λ3ω
= 343nm) beams in addition to their combination were utilized to control the period of the LIPSS on a Ni surface. The resulting periodicity of the formed structures was ∼ 0.42μm, 0.22μm, and 0.33μm respectively for the second harmonic beam, third harmonic beam, and their combination. This method demonstrates a direct way to control the periodicities on a metal target by employing an individual laser beam wavelength to induce a variable range of LIPSS periods.
Chips for calibration of the ATLAS Liquid Argon calorimeter
Authors: Raux L. ,   the ATLAS Liquid Argon calorimeter calibration group
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The LHC upgrade requires redoing the liquid Argon (LAr) calibration system which should provide a 16-bit range signal with 1‰ accuracy while being radiation tolerant. The fundamental operating principle remains unchanged: a precise current is stored in an inductor, and upon switching off the current, a pulse is generated for injection into the readout electronics. This is achieved by two chips: the first one, in CMOS 130 nm, provides the 16-bit DAC as well as the calibration management system; the second one, in XFAB 180 nm, embeds switches to generate the pulses. A description of both chips and measurement results will be presented.