bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and workload for manual and automated gynecologic screening: Best current estimates
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Elsheikh Tarik M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSensitivity for screening gynecologic cytology appears to be correlated with workload, but data in the literature is limited. We gathered all known published data that included independently estimated measures of sensitivity and workload, for manual and automated screening, including individual cytotechnologist (CT) and laboratory data. We then attempted to synthesize the best estimates of sensitivity with workload volume. While this interpretation is limited by the scarcity of collected data and the few assumptions needed to combine the data, our results suggest that manual and automated screening correlate differently with workload. Manual screening was directly related to total workload volume, appeared to reach near 100% sensitivity for some individual CTs at workloads of ∼30 slides/day, and decreased to below 80% sensitivity at ∼70 slides /day. Most CTs performed at a higher sensitivity than the laboratory averages, but a small subset of CTs had significantly lower sensitivities with similar workload volumes. Sensitivity of automated screening, on the other hand, was more closely correlated with epithelial cell abnormality (ECA)‐adjusted workload (ECA × total slides/day). While these results are preliminary and additional studies are warranted to confirm them, our results may be useful in monitoring workload limits in gynecologic cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Papillary tissue fragments in cervicovaginal (Pap) smears: Cytomorphologic characteristics and clinicopathologic significance
Authors: Stoll Lisa M. , Johnson Michael W. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPapillary epithelial fragments (PEFs) are a rarely described architectural feature in cervicovaginal (Pap) smears. Morphologically, PEFs often consist of small, finely branching glandular tissue fragments with varying cytomorphology. This study identified 21 Pap smears (1978–2009) containing PEFs to determine the clinicopathologic significance of such findings. Patients ranged in age from 36 to 81 years (mean, 54 years). The Pap smear diagnoses consisted of 48% overt malignant neoplasms, 24% atypical fragments, and 28% benign entities. The papillary fragments featured a range of cytomorphologies consisting of benign features, mild to marked atypia, and overt malignancy. PEFs were more commonly found (57%) in specimens from patients with significant pathologic outcomes. Hence, the presence of PEFs in a Pap smear should raise concern for a neoplastic process. In smears displaying atypical to malignant cytomorphologic features recommendations for further clinical work‐up and/or tissue studies should be made. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellient™ automated cell block versus traditional cell block preparation: A comparison of morphologic features and immunohistochemical staining
Authors: Wagner David G. , Russell Donna K. , Benson Jenna M. , Schneider Ashley E. , Hoda Rana S. , Bonfiglio Thomas A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTraditional cell block (TCB) sections serve as an important diagnostic adjunct to cytologic smears but are also used today as a reliable preparation for immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. There are many ways to prepare a cell block and the methods continue to be revised. In this study, we compare the TCB with the Cellient™ automated cell block system. Thirty‐five cell blocks were obtained from 16 benign and 19 malignant nongynecologic cytology specimens at a large university teaching hospital and prepared according to TCB and Cellient protocols. Cell block sections from both methods were compared for possible differences in various morphologic features and immunohistochemical staining patterns. In the 16 benign cases, no significant morphologic differences were found between the TCB and Cellient cell block sections. For the 19 malignant cases, some noticeable differences in the nuclear chromatin and cellularity were identified, although statistical significance was not attained. Immunohistochemical or special stains were performed on 89% of the malignant cases (17/19). Inadequate cellularity precluded full evaluation in 23% of Cellient cell block IHC preparations (4/17). Of the malignant cases with adequate cellularity (13/17), the immunohistochemical staining patterns from the different methods were identical in 53% of cases. The traditional and Cellient cell block sections showed similar morphologic and immunohistochemical staining patterns. The only significant difference between the two methods concerned the lower overall cell block cellularity identified during immunohistochemical staining in the Cellient cell block sections. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of Reprimo and S100A2 expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luo Jun , Zhu Youqing , Yang Guifang , Gong Lingling , Wang Bicheng , Liu Huan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReprimo and S100A2 are two newly identified candidate tumor‐suppressor genes, which play an important role in the regulation of p53‐dependent cell cycle. In this study, we examined the expressions of Reprimo and S100A2 in surgical specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma and correlated these results with pathological and clinical parameters. Tissues were obtained from 100 gastric adenocarcinoma patients that underwent curative gastrectomy. Reprimo and S100A2 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. Loss of Reprimo and S100A2 expressions occurred in 65 and 52% of the patients, respectively. Loss of Reprimo expression was significantly correlated with the depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.000), lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.006), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.000). Loss of S100A2 expression was significantly associated with histological type (P = 0.009), depth of invasion (P = 0.033), lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.01), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001). In addition, there was a significant positive association between the expressions of Reprimo and S100A2 (P < 0.01). The results suggest that loss of Reprimo and S100A2 expressions occurs frequently in gastric adenocarcinomas. The expressions of Reprimo and S100A2 may be potential biomarkers for gastric adenocarcinomas detection. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disseminated blastomycosis diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration of the thyroid
Authors: Harvey Aaron M. , Mody Dina R. , Amrikachi Mojgan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBlastomycosis is an uncommon disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. It can manifest as chronic pulmonary symptoms or disseminated disease. Only three previous cases of blastomycosis involving the thyroid have been reported, of which two were diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration. We present a case of disseminated blastomycosis initially diagnosed by thyroid fine‐needle aspiration. Our case was a 47‐year‐old man with past medical history significant for diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and chronic pancreatitis who presented with a 2‐week history of fever, chills, rigors, constipation, and 10 pound weight loss. Abdominal CT revealed chronic pancreatitis and a calcified mass in the pancreas. Chest CT revealed a single 1.5–2 cm thyroid mass and innumerably small 2‐3 mm pulmonary nodule bilaterally. Fine‐needle aspiration of the thyroid demonstrated 10–20 μm broad‐based budding yeasts with thick‐walled, refractile capsules amidst a background of granulomatous inflammation, and was diagnosed as a fungal infection consistent with blastomycosis. The patient was started on treatment with itraconazole based upon the FNA diagnosis. Concurrent lung biopsy demonstrated rare possible yeast forms on histology. A specimen from the lung was sent for culture, and was positive for B. dermatitidis, confirming the diagnosis. Disseminated blastomycosis rarely involves the thyroid. However, the thyroid is amenable to fine‐needle aspiration. Fungal and mycobacterial cultures and special stains for fungal organisms should be requested on all thyroid fine‐needle aspiration biopsies with granulomatous inflammation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transthyretin, identified by proteomics, is overabundant in pancreatic juice from pancreatic carcinoma and originates from pancreatic islets
Authors: Lv Shunli , Gao Jun , Zhu Feng , Li Zhaoshen , Gong Yanfang , Xu Guoming , Ma Lie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAnalyses of pancreatic juice by proteomics have identified many proteins that are overabundant in pancreatic cancer (PC) juice. The mechanism by which secretion of these proteins occur remains unclear.Pancreatic juice was collected from patients with three pancreatic diseases: PC, chronic pancreatitis (CP), and simple choledocholithiasis (CDS), and analyzed by 2‐DE, MALDI‐TOF/MS, and Western blot. Five PC cell lines, 30 PC tissues and their corresponding adjacent pancreatic tissues were used to validate the expression of genes which code for overabundant proteins in PC juice. The mRNA and protein levels were measured by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Using proteomics, it was demonstrated that the protein transthyretin (TTR) was upregulated more than 2‐fold in PC juice compared with CP and CDS, while apolipoprotein A‐I, lithostathine, and regenerating islet‐derived 1 beta precursor were downregulated more than 2‐fold. Western blots confirmed that TTR was overabundant in the PC juice. However, TTR mRNA was not detected in any of the five PC cell lines, and was only detected in islet cells. By microscopy, it was shown that islet architecture was almost completely destroyed, and the islet's maximum diameter appeared larger in PC tissues than in normal.Some overabundant proteins in PC juice, such as TTR expressed only in islets, leak into the pancreatic ductal system due to hyperplasia and architectural damage in PC tissues. The destruction of organ and tissue architecture by tumor growth may result in novel tumor markers even if the markers are not secreted directly by tumor cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indirect dating of historical land use through mining: Linking heavy metal analyses of fluvial deposits to archaeobotanical data and written accounts
Authors: Schmidt‐Wygasch Carolin , Schamuhn Silke , Meurers‐Balke Jutta , Lehmkuhl Frank , Gerlach Renate 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMan‐made heavy metal contamination of floodplains has existed for centuries—even dating back to the Middle Ages. Up to now, these contaminants have been analyzed with very time‐consuming and costly techniques. Thus, to determine historical heavy metal contamination, the aim of this study is to link the following approaches to generate better comprehensive and interdisciplinary understanding of historical land use of the Inde River, Germany: (1) to analyze anthropogenic heavy metal contamination of fluvial deposits from before ca. 2800 B.C. onward; (2) to investigate the historical land use by applying archaeobotanical data; and (3) to weave information from written accounts, in order to indirectly date fluvial deposits. In this study, heavy metal concentrations were measured in situ using X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Subsequently, pollen and macroremains dating from the Early Modern Period were archaeobotanically analyzed. Finally, historical accounts were studied. We found that fluvial deposits of varying age show distinctly different concentrations of lead, zinc, and copper. Moreover, the archaeobotanical analyses indicated intensive land use through farming, husbandry, and forestry. Finally, the written accounts described mining activities since the Roman Period or even before. In conclusion, linking these three interdisciplinary approaches is ideal for gaining insight into the historical anthropogenic impact on the environment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquids catalyzed the synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates in aqueous media
Authors: Fang Dong , Jiao Changmei , Ni Chunjie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSO3H‐functionalized halogen‐free ionic liquids were prepared and used as efficient and recyclable catalysts for the synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates at room temperature via the one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction in aqueous media with good yields of 80–96%. The postprocessing was simple, and the catalysts could be reused at least six times without noticeably decreasing the catalytic activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:546–550, 2010; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20644
Gene expression profiling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical perspectives
Authors: Lallemant Benjamin , Evrard Alexandre , Chambon Guillaume , Sabra Omar , Kacha Sophie , Lallemant Jean‐Gabriel , Lumbroso Serge , Brouillet Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground.To date, more than 60 gene expression profiling (GEP) studies have been published in the field of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with variable objectives, methods, and results.Methods.The purpose of this study was to present a state‐of‐the‐art review of GEP in HNSCC focusing on the current advances and perspectives for clinical applications.Results.Gene expression signatures have been developed to identify screening and diagnostic molecular markers, to improve tumor staging (cervical lymph node and distant metastasis prediction), to differentiate lung metastasis of HNSCC from primary lung squamous cell carcinoma, to predict tumor response to chemoradiotherapy, and to provide outcome predictors.Conclusion.Some transcriptional signatures that could improve HNSCC management have been identified, but further analyses are required to properly validate and to precisely evaluate their clinical relevance. After an exploratory phase, the completion of large scale projects with stringent methodology is now necessary to transfer GEP from bench to bedside. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
High rates of regional failure in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolus
Authors: Morris Luc G. T. , Patel Snehal G. , Shah Jatin P. , Ganly Ian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of neck metastasis in hard palate and maxillary alveolus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to identify factors predictive of regional failure.Methods.In 139 patients treated for SCC of the hard palate and maxillary alveolus (from 1985–2006), the incidence rates of regional metastasis at presentation and at recurrence were calculated. Factors predictive of regional recurrence‐free survival were identified on Cox multivariable regression analysis.Results.Regional failure occurred in 28.4% of patients and was significantly associated with pathologic T classification, ranging from 18.7% (pT1) to 37.3% (pT4). T classification was an independent predictor of regional recurrence‐free survival (RRFS) on multivariable analysis. Most patients (65.6%) with regional recurrence were not able to be salvaged.Conclusion.Patients with T2 to T4 primary tumors of the hard palate and maxillary alveolus exhibited high rates of regional failure. In most cases, successful salvage was not achieved. Elective treatment of the neck with surgery or radiation is therefore recommended. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Micro‐RNA profiles in osteosarcoma as a predictive tool for ifosfamide response
Authors: Gougelet Angélique , Pissaloux Daniel , Besse Anthony , Perez Jennifer , Duc Adeline , Dutour Aurélie , Blay Jean‐Yves , Alberti Laurent 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicro‐RNAs (miRNA) are currently used as cancer biomarkers for hematological cancers and solid tumors. Osteosarcoma is the first primary malignant bone tumor, characterized by a complex genetic and resistance to conventional treatments. For this latter property, the median survival has not been improved since 1990 despite preoperative administration of chemotherapeutic agents. The prediction of tumor response before chemotherapy treatment would constitute a major progress for this pathology. We assessed in this study if miRNA profiling could surpass the current limitations for osteosarcoma diagnosis. We measured the miRNA expression in different osteosarcoma samples: (i) 27 osteosarcoma paraffin‐embedded tumors from patients, (ii) human osteosarcoma cell lines, and (iii) tumors from a syngeneic rat osteosarcoma model, recapitulating human osteosarcoma. miRNA profiles were determined using microfluidic cards performing high‐throughput TaqMan®‐based PCR assays, called TaqMan®Low Density Arrays. Osteosarcoma of rat and human origins showed a miRNA signature, which could discriminate good from bad responders. In particular, we identified five discriminating miRNAs (miR‐92a, miR‐99b, miR‐132, miR‐193a‐5p and miR‐422a) in patient tumors, which could be easily transferable to diagnosis. These discriminating miRNAs, as well as those identified in rat, targeted the TGFβ, the Wnt and the MAP kinase pathways. These results indicate that our platform constitutes a potent diagnostic tool to predict tumor sensitivity to a drug in attempt to better adapt treatment to tumor biological specificities and also to identify new potential therapeutic strategies.
Risk factors for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes defined by histology and t(14;18) in a population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Chang Cindy M. , Wang Sophia S. , Dave Bhavana J. , Jain Smrati , Vasef Mohammad A. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Cozen Wendy , Davis Scott , Severson Richard K. , Lynch Charles F. , Rothman Nathaniel , Cerhan James R. , Hartge Patricia , Morton Lindsay M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe t(14;18) chromosomal translocation is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), occurring in 70–90% of follicular lymphomas (FL) and 30–50% of diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Previous t(14;18)‐NHL studies have not evaluated risk factors for NHL defined by both t(14;18) status and histology. In this population‐based case‐control study, t(14;18) status was determined in DLBCL cases using fluorescence in situ hybridization on paraffin‐embedded tumor sections. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between a wide variety of exposures and t(14;18)‐positive (N = 109) and ‐negative DLBCL (N = 125) and FL (N = 318), adjusting for sex, age, race, and study center. Taller height, more lifetime surgeries, and PCB180 exposure were associated with t(14;18)‐positivity. Taller individuals (third tertile vs. first tertile) had elevated risks of t(14;18)‐positive DLBCL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–3.0) and FL (OR = 1.4, 95%CI 1.0–1.9) but not t(14;18)‐negative DLBCL. Similar patterns were seen for individuals with more lifetime surgeries (13+ vs. 0–12 surgeries; t(14;18)‐positive DLBCL OR = 1.4, 95%CI 0.7–2.7; FL OR = 1.6, 95%CI 1.1–2.5) and individuals exposed to PCB180 greater than 20.8 ng/g (t(14;18)‐positive DLBCL OR = 1.3, 95%CI 0.6–2.9; FL OR = 1.7, 95%CI 1.0–2.8). In contrast, termite treatment and high alpha‐chlordane levels were associated with t(14;18)‐negative DLBCL only, suggesting that these exposures do not act through t(14;18). Our findings suggest that putative associations between NHL and height, surgeries, and PCB180 may be t(14;18)‐mediated and provide support for case‐subtyping based on molecular and histologic subtypes. Future efforts should focus on pooling data to confirm and extend previous research on risk factors for t(14;18)‐NHL subtypes.
Herpesvirus saimiri‐based endothelin‐converting enzyme‐1 shRNA expression decreases prostate cancer cell invasion and migration
Authors: Hong Yue , Macnab Stuart , Lambert Louise A. , Turner Anthony J. , Whitehouse Adrian , Usmani Badar A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe zinc metalloprotease, endothelin‐converting enzyme‐1 (ECE‐1), which converts the mitogenic peptide endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) from its biologically inactive precursor big‐ET‐1, is commonly upregulated in prostate cancer (PC) cells. Consequently, we have sought to suppress ECE‐1 expression by using RNAi as a potentially novel therapeutic approach. Therefore, a synthetic 64‐nt short‐hairpin RNA (shRNA), designed to target the ECE‐1 gene, was expressed in an Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS)‐based delivery vector. ECE‐1 expression in cells transduced with the vector was examined by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. The effects of ECE‐1 knockdown on PC cell migration and invasion were studied using a scratch assay and Matrigel invasion. These studies, in vitro and ex vivo, demonstrated that the HVS‐shRNA viruses could infect and silence ECE‐1 expression effectively in human PC cells. Furthermore, it was observed that ECE‐1 knockdown in either stromal cells or epithelial cells could significantly reduce invasion of PC‐3 cells in coculture by 33 and 31%, respectively. In addition, suppressed migration was also observed in HVS‐ECE‐1 shRNA‐infected PC‐3 cells compared to uninfected and HVS‐GFP‐infected control cell cultures. These findings highlight the potential tumor‐suppressing effect of ECE‐1 knockdown in cancer cells and novel strategies for future therapeutic developments in advanced PC.
Unique variants of human papillomavirus genotypes 52 and 58 and risk of cervical neoplasia
Authors: Chang Ya‐Ju , Chen Hui‐Chi , Lee Bor‐Heng , You San‐Lin , Lin Ching‐Yu , Pan Mei‐Hung , Chou Yi‐Chun , Hsieh Chang‐Yao , Chen Yi‐Ming A. , Cheng Yu‐Juen , Chen Chien‐Jen ,   CBCSP‐HPV Study Group
Published: October 2010

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) 52 and 58 are oncogenic HPV types prevalent in Asia. Our study aims to explore intratypic variants of HPV 52 and 58 in Taiwan. A total of 11,923 women were enrolled from seven townships in 1991–1992. HPV DNA in their cervical cells was detected and typed by EasyChip® HPV blot. Among 424 participants infected with HPV 52 and/or 58, nucleotide variations were determined in cervical cell samples of 406 participants by the polymerase chain reaction sequencing of the long control region, E6 and E7 genes. Nonprototype‐like variants including lineages B and C were detected in 278 (99.3%) of 280 HPV 52 samples. The prototype and prototype‐like group (lineage A) of HPV58 was found in 132 (98.5%) of 134 HPV 58 samples, with sublineage A1, A2 and A3 variant in 14.2, 27.6 and 56.7%, respectively. Among women infected with single HPV 52 type, the C variant (vs. B variant) was associated with an increased prevalence of cytologically diagnosed high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse lesions showing an age‐adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of 5.2 (1.0–27.6) and an increased prevalence of histologically confirmed high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or more severe lesions with an age‐adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 7.6 (1.3–43.8). It was concluded that frequency distributions of HPV 52 and 58 variants in Taiwan were different from those in European and American populations. The association between C variant of HPV 52 and prevalence of cervical neoplasia needs further validation.