bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Optimization and Uncertainty Analysis for E&P Projects: A Case in Offshore Gas Field Development
Authors: Ettehadtavakkol Amin , Jablonowski Christopher J. , Lake Larry Wayne 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Development optimization of new fields can be improved with integrated quantitative models that account for the technical and economical aspects of hydrocarbon recovery. A challenge in implementation is to understand the potential impact of uncertainty on optimal decision-making. To mitigate the risks and seize the opportunities arising from the uncertainty, the models used in the decision-making process should include a robust capability for stochastic optimization. This paper presents a case study in development optimization of a two-compartment offshore gas field. The analysis focuses on the optimization of facility size, well counts, compression power and production policy. A stochastic programming model is developed to investigate the impact of uncertainties in original gas in place and inter-compartment transmissibility. Reservoir tank equations are used to model pressure and production responses. The reservoir and well equations are coupled with economic and surface facility models. Results of two solution methods, optimization with Monte Carlo sampling and stochastic programming, are analyzed and compared. The models are then used in a value of information (VOI) analysis. The current work is part of an emerging effort in industry to introduce fast and efficient methods for optimizing field development under uncertainty. Computational efficiency is a significant advantage of the proposed approach because it eliminates most constraints on the scope of the uncertainty analysis. The intended applications of this approach are project screening, scenario and uncertainty analyses, including VOI analysis.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Prostaglandin-Timolol Fixed Combinations: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Aptel Florent , Cucherat Michel , Denis Philippe 
Published: May 2011

Purpose To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects and tolerability of the 3 prostaglandin-timolol fixed combinations (PG-timolol FCs). Methods Clinical trials comparing directly the PG-timolol FCs or comparing the PG-timolol FCs to their individual components were thoroughly searched. The main outcome measures were efficacy assessed by IOP (taken at 9 AM, noon, 4 PM, and over the mean diurnal curve) change at 3 months (or after 1 to 6 months of treatment if no data were available at month 3) from baseline and tolerability assessed by the incidence of conjunctival hyperemia. Results Twenty trials were identified (n=4684 patients). Intraocular pressure reduction was usually greater with the 3 PG-timolol FCs than the individual PG (mean difference [MD] 0.00 mmHg to 2.59 mmHg; p>0.1 to p<0.001). The incidence of hyperemia was significantly less with latanoprost- and bimatoprost-timolol FCs than with the individual PG (relative risk = 0.66 and 0.61; p=0.05 and p<0.001). From direct comparisons, IOP reduction was significantly greatest with bimatoprost-timolol FC, at 9 AM, 4 PM, and over the mean diurnal curve compared to latanoprost-timolol FC (MD = 0.90 mmHg to 1.48 mmHg; p<0.001) and at all time points compared to travoprost-timolol FC (MD = 0.66 mmHg to 0.90 mmHg; p<0.001). The incidence of hyperemia was not significantly less with latanoprost-timolol FC than with bimatoprost-timolol FC (relative risk = 1.32; p>0.1). Conclusions The 3 PG-timolol FCs provide a greater IOP reduction and lower incidence of hyperemia than the 3 PGs alone. The direct comparisons suggest a greater efficacy of the bimatoprost-timolol FC compared with latanoprost- and travoprost-timolol FCs.
From 3D tissue data to impedance using Simpleware ScanFE+IP and COMSOL Multiphysics – a tutorial
Authors: Pettersen Fred-Johan , Høgetveit Jan Olav 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Tools such as Simpleware ScanIP+FE and COMSOL Multiphysics allow us to gain a better understanding of bioimpedance measurements without actually doing the measurements. This tutorial will cover the steps needed to go from a 3D voxel data set to a model that can be used to simulate a transfer impedance measurement. Geometrical input data used in this tutorial are from MRI scan of a human thigh, which are converted to a mesh using Simpleware ScanIP+FE. The mesh is merged with electrical properties for the relevant tissues, and a simulation is done in COMSOL Multiphysics. Available numerical output data are transfer impedance, contribution from different tissues to final transfer impedance, and voltages at electrodes. Available volume output data are normal and reciprocal current densities, potential, sensitivity, and volume impedance sensitivity. The output data are presented as both numbers and graphs. The tutorial will be useful even if data from other sources such as VOXEL-MAN or CT scans are used.
Simulations of an Infrared Composite Curing Process
Authors: Nakouzi Sawsane , Pancrace Johann , Schmidt Fabrice , Le Maoult Yannick , Berthet Florentin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUsing IR energy is an efficient method of curing composites. In this paper, we study IR interactions with the composite, which is placed in an IR oven. The liquid resin infusion technique is used for the impregnation process of fibers with resin. Numerical simulations of the curing process for a carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy (RTM6) system are presented. In‐lab software called Rayheat based on ray tracing algorithms and developed in Matlab is used to compute the radiative heat flux that impacts the composite. A three‐dimensional numerical model is developed in the finite element software Comsol Multiphysics, where the heat‐balance equation is coupled with the cure kinetic model of the resin. The computed radiative heat flux is exported to Comsol Multiphysics and imposed as a boundary condition on the top surface of the composite. This numerical model allows calculation of the temperature distribution in the composite during curing, which is a key parameter that affects its mechanical properties. We can predict also the evolution of the degree of cure as function of time.
Cross‐Stacked Superaligned Carbon Nanotube Films for Transparent and Stretchable Conductors
Authors: Liu Kai , Sun Yinghui , Liu Peng , Lin Xiaoyang , Fan Shoushan , Jiang Kaili 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTransparent and stretchable conductors are essential components in many stretchable electronics. However, it is still a challenge to make this kind of conductor easily and cost‐effectively. Here, a way to utilize cross‐stacked superaligned carbon nanotube films to make transparent and stretchable conductors is reported. The as‐produced cross‐stacked films are isotropic in electrical conductivity, but anisotropic in mechanical properties, because of their microscale cross structures. Along some directions, the films can sustain a high strain, of more than 35%, which is helpful for applications as stretchable conductors. These cross‐stacked films can be further made into composite films with polyvinyl alcohol by a dip‐coating method, and with polydimethylsiloxane by an embedding method. The former composite films have similar isotropic electrical and anisotropic mechanical properties to SACNT films, but much larger capability in terms of tensile load. The latter composite films possess quite highly stretchable and reversible electrical behaviors, which can be used in stretchable touch panels, solar cells, strain sensors, and implanted conductors.
Light‐Emitting Field‐Effect Transistors Consisting of Bilayer‐Crystal Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Kajiwara Kentaro , Terasaki Kohei , Yamao Takeshi , Hotta Shu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel device structure for organic light‐emitting field‐effect transistors has been developed. The devices comprise bilayer‐crystal organic semiconductors of a p‐type and an n‐type. The pn‐junction can readily be formed by successively laminating two crystals on top of a gate insulator. This structure enables the efficient injection and transport of electrons and holes, leading to their effective recombination. As a result, bright emissions are attained. The devices are operated by AC gate voltages. Gate‐voltage phase‐resolved drain‐current and emission‐intensity measurements enable us to study the relationship between the emissions and carrier transport. The maximum external quantum efficiency reaches 0.045%.
Hybrid Colloidal Plasmonic‐Photonic Crystals
Authors: Romanov Sergei G. , Korovin Alexander V. , Regensburger Alois. , Peschel Ulf. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe review the recently emerged class of hybrid metal‐dielectric colloidal photonic crystals. The hybrid approach is understood as the combination of a dielectric photonic crystal with a continuous metal film. It allows to achieve a strong modification of the optical properties of photonic crystals by involving the light scattering at electronic excitations in the metal component into moulding of the light flow in series to the diffraction resonances occurring in the body of the photonic crystal. We consider different realizations of hybrid plasmonic‐photonic crystals based on two‐ and three‐dimensional colloidal photonic crystals in association with flat and corrugated metal films. In agreement with model calculations, different resonance phenomena determine the optical response of hybrid crystals leading to a broadly tuneable functionality of these crystals.
Hypomethylation of the serotonin receptor type‐2A Gene (HTR2A) at T102C polymorphic site in DNA derived from the saliva of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Ghadirivasfi Mohammad , Nohesara Shabnam , Ahmadkhaniha Hamid‐Reza , Eskandari Mohammad‐Reza , Mostafavi Siavash , Thiagalingam Sam , Abdolmaleky Hamid Mostafavi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence indicate that dysfunction of serotonin signaling and HTR2A receptor are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). DNA methylation of HTR2A at T102C polymorphic site influences HTR2A expression and aberrant DNA methylation of HTR2A promoter was reported in postmortem brain of patients with SCZ and BD. Hypothesizing that the brain's epigenetic alteration of HTR2A may also exist in peripheral tissues that can be used as a diagnostic/therapeutic biomarker, we analyzed HTR2A promoter DNA methylation in DNA extracted from the saliva of patients with SCZ and BD, and their first degree relatives versus normal controls. Bisulfite sequencing was used to screen DNA methylation status of the HTR2A promoter CpGs and qMSP was used to quantify the degree of cytosine methylation at differentially methylated sites. Most of the cytosines of the HTR2A promoter were unmethylated. However, CpGs of the −1438A/G polymorphism site, −1420 and −1223 were >95% methylated. The CpG at T102C polymorphic site and neighboring CpGs were ∼70% methylated both in the patients and controls. qMSP analysis revealed that the cytosine of the T102C polymorphic site was significantly hypo‐methylated in SCZ, BD, and their first degree relatives compared to the controls. Cytosine methylation of HTR2A at T102C polymorphic site in DNA derived from the saliva can potentially be used as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic biomarker in SCZ and BD. However, these preliminary observations need to be replicated in other populations with a larger sample size to be considered for clinical applications. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replacement of homologous mouse DNA sequence with pathogenic 6‐base human CREB1 promoter sequence creates murine model of major depressive disorder
Authors: Zubenko George S. , Hughes Hugh B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Families with recurrent, early‐onset MDD (RE‐MDD), a severe, familial form of MDD, have provided an important resource for identifying and characterizing genetic variants that confer susceptibility to MDD and related disorders. Previous studies identified a rare, highly penetrant A(‐115)G transition within the human CREB1 promoter that reduced promoter activity in vitro and was associated with depressive disorders in RE‐MDD families. The development of an etiology‐based recombinant animal model for MDD would facilitate the advancement of our limited understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD, as well as the development of improved treatments. Here we report the construction and initial characterization of a congenic mutant C57BL/6NTac mouse model that carries the human pathogenic sequence at the homologous position of the mouse Creb1 promoter. The recombinant strain exhibited decreases in reproductive capacity and pup survival that may be related to increased infant mortality observed in RE‐MDD families; enlargement of the cerebral ventricles; reduced levels of CREB protein in the mouse cerebral cortex, as predicted from transfection experiments employing the pathogenic human CREB1 promoter; and alterations in two standardized behavioral tests, the forced swim and marble burying tests. These initial findings support the pathogenicity of the human A(‐115)G promoter variant, and invite further characterization of this etiology‐based recombinant animal model for MDD. Human promoter variants that have highly penetrant effects on disease expression provide an attractive opportunity for creating etiology‐based mouse models of human diseases, with minimal disruption of the mouse genome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel pathogenic mutations and copy number variations in the VPS13A Gene in patients with chorea‐acanthocytosis
Authors: Tomiyasu Akiyuki , Nakamura Masayuki , Ichiba Mio , Ueno Shuichi , Saiki Shinji , Morimoto Mizuki , Kobal Jan , Kageyama Yasufumi , Inui Toshio , Wakabayashi Koichi , Yamada Tatsuo , Kanemori Yuji , Jung Hans H. , Tanaka Haruhiko , Orimo Satoshi , Afawi Zaid , Blatt Ilan , Aasly Jan , Ujike Hiroshi , Babovic‐Vuksanovic Dusica , Josephs Keith A. , Tohge Rie , Rodrigues Guilherme Riccioppo , Dupré Nicolas , Yamada Hidetaka , Yokochi Fusako , Kotschet Katya , Takei Takanobu , Rudzińska Monika , Szczudlik Andrzej , Penco Silvana , Fujiwara Masaki , Tojo Kana , Sano Akira 
Published: May 2011

AbstractChorea‐acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A (VPS13A) gene that encodes chorein. It is characterized by adult‐onset chorea, peripheral acanthocytes, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive mutation screen, including sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis, of the VPS13A gene in ChAc patients. All 73 exons and flanking regions of VPS13A were sequenced in 35 patients diagnosed with ChAc. To detect CNVs, we also performed real‐time quantitative PCR and long‐range PCR analyses for the VPS13A gene on patients in whom only a single heterozygous mutation was detected. We identified 36 pathogenic mutations, 20 of which were previously unreported, including two novel CNVs. In addition, we investigated the expression of chorein in 16 patients by Western blotting of erythrocyte ghosts. This demonstrated the complete absence of chorein in patients with pathogenic mutations. This comprehensive screen provides an accurate and useful method for the molecular diagnosis of ChAc. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interpenetrating polymer networks based on poly(styrene‐co‐butylacrylate‐co‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and SiO2
Authors: Javaherian Naghash Hamid 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCopolymer such as poly(styrene‐co‐butylacrylate‐co‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) p (St‐BA‐HEMA) was prepared via free radical emulsion polymerization method. The resulting copolymer was converted to silicone secondary crosslinked interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) by condensation reaction with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The obtained copolymers were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal properties of the copolymers were studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Optical microscopy (OM) is used for studying the morphology, and then the effects of silicone concentrations, the reflux time, and composition on the phase morphology of P (St‐BA‐HEMA)‐SiO2 IPNs were discussed. The broadening of the transition region was observed with the prolongation of the reflux time, and the tendency for aggregation of silicone on the surface was observed with Teflon as substrate plate. However, an optically transparent film was easily achieved at higher temperature due to the chemical crosslink and physical entanglement between the two phases of P (St‐BA‐HEMA)‐SiO2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
An unexpected plasticization phenomenon and a constant of the change rate of viscoelastic properties for polymers during nanoindentation test
Authors: Tang Xue‐Gang , Hou Meng , Truss Rowan , Zou Jin , Yang Wei , Dong Zhi‐Gang , Huang Han 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effect of loading force, loading rate and unloading rate on the viscoelastic behavior of three representative polymers: poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, amorphous polymer), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, semicrystalline polymer), and epoxy (crosslinked polymer) have been investigated using nanoindentation. The results showed that the maximum indentation depth increased with the increase of loading force, and the relationship between loading force and depth became linear when the loading force is beyond 3000 μN. At the beginning, the plasticity index changed substantially with the increase of loading force, and after reaching a critical loading force, the plasticity index almost remained constant. The maximum indentation depth decreased with the increase of loading rate, which followed a power law curve. With the increase of loading rate, a plasticization phenomenon happened, and a possible reason is that the heat may accumulate and raise the local temperature. The plasticity index initially followed the power law with the increase of unloading rate and then almost remained constant. A constant, the change rate of viscoelastic properties with the unloading rate, for the three representative polymers studied in this research, around −0.033, has been obtained, which may be another manifestation of the phenomenon that many polymers have similar time/temperature shifts and that their WLF equation constants are approximately the same. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Ring‐opening bulk polymerization of five‐ and six‐membered cyclic phosphonates using maghnite, a nontoxic proton exchanged montmorillonite clay
Authors: Oussadi Karima , Montembault Véronique , Belbachir Mohamed , Fontaine Laurent 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new method of preparation of poly(alkylene H‐phosphonate)s by ring‐opening bulk polymerization of the five‐ and six‐membered cyclic phosphonates monomers using the nontoxic Maghnite‐H+ as the initiator is described. Cyclic phosphonate monomers have been first synthesized. In particular, a new one‐step synthesis of 2‐hydro‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane is reported with a yield of 70%. The efficiency of the montmorillonite sheet silicate clay which exchanged with protons, called Maghnite‐H+, as cationic initiator has been proved and the resulting biomimetic poly(alkylene H‐phosphonate)s have been characterized. The Maghnite‐H+ regenerated after one turn‐over has showed to be still efficient as initiator for the ring‐opening polymerization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Use of EPDMSDD as compatibilizer agent for EPDM/EPDMR blends: Rheologic, mechanical, and morphologic properties
Authors: Santos G. C. , Carmo D. M. , Rezende C. G. F. , Zattera A. J. , Oliveira M. G. , Oliveira P. J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAround the world, concern is growing about the amount of waste rubber going into landfills. Policymakers are encouraging researchers to find innovative ways to recycle this waste. In this study, as part of an effort to recycle waste rubber (EPDMR) as filler in compositions of EPDM, we prepare a terpolymer of ethylene–propylene–diene with 1‐dodecanethiol (EPDMSDD). We use it as a compatibilizing agent to improve adhesion and incorporation of the residue (EPDMR) in EPDM/EPDMR blends. We synthesize and characterize EPDMSDD through 13C‐NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. We evaluate the effect of the compatibilizer EPDMSDD using vulcanization parameters, such as optimum cure time, scorch time, and torque. To evaluate its effect on the interaction between EPDMSDD/EPDMR, we carried out mechanical tests of samples with and without EPDMSDD. Our findings show that the tensile strength and elongation increased with the addition of EPDMSDD, indicating a better interaction between EPDMR/EPDM. Tear strength also increased with the presence of EPDMSDD, particularly for the amount of 70 and 80 phr of EPDMR. This suggests a good adhesion between the phases in high amounts of waste. The micrographs of the mixtures revealed that the addition of EPDMSDD improved the dispersion of the EPDMR in the EPDM phase. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Formation of macroporous organic‐inorganic polymer hybrids using tea extract
Authors: Iwamura Takeru , Sakaguchi Masato 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMacroporous organic–inorganic polymer hybrids were prepared from poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and inorganic alkoxides. To a reaction mixture of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and tetramethoxysilane, extract from tea leafs and HCl aqueous solution in methanol were added. The resulting mixture was constantly stirred at room temperature for 1 h and heated at 60°C for two weeks. Consequently, the corresponding polymer hybrid became a macroporous material having a pore size from 3.26 to 20.86 μm. We succeeded in finding that the pruned tea leafs were able to utilize the synthesis of novel macroporous materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Recycling engine oil containers to prepare wood–plastic composites
Authors: Lei Yong , Wu Qinglin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe collected oil containers were drained, crushed, and used directly to make wood–plastic composites through reactive extrusion, using maleic anhydride (MA) and maleated polyethylene (PE‐g‐MA) as coupling agents. Oil residue in the container would be controlled at lower than 6 wt % through simple draining, and it played a role as a plasticizer in the plastics and composites. As a coupling agent, MA performed better than PE‐g‐MA. The comprehensive mechanical properties of oil container plastics (OCP)/wood/MA (60/40/2 w/w) composite were at the same level as those of neat plastic/wood/PE‐g‐MA (60/40/3.2 w/w) system. Both PE‐g‐MA and MA effectively improved water resistance of the OCP/wood flour composites, especially MA. The residual oil in the composites was stable under heat to about 200°C or in the water, and it did not influence the thermal degradation behavior of the composites. The OCP was successfully used to make wood–plastic composite panels. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011