bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(352) THE METABOLIC ROLE OF PROLACTIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Corona Dr Giovanni , Rastrelli Prof Giulia , Comeglio Dr Paolo , Guaraldi Dr Federica , Mezzatenta Dr Diego , Sforza Dr Alessandra , Vignozzi Prof Linda , Maggi Prof Mario 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Hyperprolactinemia has been proven to induce hypogonadism and metabolic derangements in both genders, while the consequences of prolactin (PRL) deficiency have been poorly investigated. The aim of the study is to systematically review and analyze data from clinical studies focusing on the metabolic consequences of abnormally high prolactin levels (HPRL) and low prolactin levels (LPRL).

Methods
A comprehensive systematic review was performed using Medline, Embase and Cochrane search. In particular, two separate literature searches (one for HPRL and one for LPRL) until 31 March 2022 for published English-language articles were performed.

Results
17 studies were included in the analysis of HPRL. When compared to controls, patients with HPRL showed worse body composition. Moreover, higher total (12.55 [1.59-23.52] mg/dL p=0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (13.40 [4.07-22.74] mg/dL p&lt;0.001) as well as higher triglyceride levels (20.99 [9.36-32.63] mg/dL p&lt;0.001) were observed in patients with HPRL. Finally, when glucose profile was analyzed, subjects with HPRL were characterized by higher HOMA index and insulin levels. Dopamino-agonist therapy resulted in an improvement of total (-19.26 [-25.22;-13.29] mg/dL p&lt;0.001) and LDL cholesterol (-18.84[-24.44;-13.24] p&lt;0.001) as well as triglyceride levels, fasting glycaemia and HOMA index.
12 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal studies were included in the analysis of LPRL. Subjects included in cross-sectional studies, and with LPRL, showed worse lipid profiles and higher fasting glucose when compared to controls. The age-adjusted probability of diabetes was increased in subjects with LPRL (OR=1.60[1.43;1.79] p&lt;0.001. Similar risk was observed when longitudinal studies were considered (OR=1.30[1.11;1.52] p&lt;0.001 for LPRL vs. controls).

Conclusions
Pathological PRL elevation, but also its reduction, impairs metabolism and body composition in both genders, increasing the risk of diabetes. Patients with hypoprolactinemia, because of endogenous or iatrogenic conditions, deserve, as those with hyperprolactinemia, careful metabolic assessment.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
(1012) PAIN DURING RECEPTIVE ANAL SEX: IS IT A NOVEL SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION?
Authors: Giola Dr Massimo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Anodyspareunia, or pain during receptive anal intercourse, has been introduced in the medical and sexological literature in 1998 by S. Rosser, but 25 years later it remains unacknowledged as a novel sexual dysfunction. Although pain during anal sex is not universal and in fact affects a minority of people engaging in receptive anal intercourse, it is reported by a significant proportion of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) and cisgender heterosexual women. It is imperative to re-consider the nature and role of anodyspareunia as a barrier to achieve full sexual satisfaction and as a cause of ill sexual health.

Methods
A systematic literature review from 1998 to 2023 was conducted, identifying 11 peer-reviewed papers (8 original studies and 3 previous reviews), plus 7 non-peer reviewed self-help books giving useful insights.

Results
The 8 original studies found a prevalence of anodyspareunia ranging from 5.5 to 14% of GBM, from 15.4 to 23% of GBM following treatment for prostate cancer; in the one and only study among women a prevalence of 8.7% was demonstrated. The risk factors for anodyspareunia in the literature can be grouped under three main categories, ie performance anxiety, sexual inexperience, and internalised homophobia. The self-help books propose some psychosexual techniques that warrant further investigations in clinical trials. The role of poppers, identified as a protective factor in some studies, remains to be defined, due to the lack of pharmaceutical grade preparations.

Conclusions
Anodyspareunia emerges from the available literature as a novel sexual dysfunction, and although several aspects need further research it apperas to fulfill the criteria and the definition accepted for all the other sexual dysfunctions. Advocacy work by scientific societies such as ESSM is needed to legitimise anodyspareunia and include it in future editions of standards and guidelines.

Conflicts of Interest
None.
(224) EVALUATION OF ONLINE ADAPTATION OF EDUCATION PROGRAM ON TRANS-INCLUSIVE HEALTHCARE AND GENDER AFFIRMATION FOR MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA VIA REGIONAL EXPERTS' COOPERATION
Authors: Hasanbegović Delila , Zegura Prof Iva , Dušek Tina , Kojović Vladimir , Vlahović Erin ,   ON behalf of Sarajevo Open Centre
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Sarajevo Open Centre- SOC and a number of medical/mental health experts from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia created an online, video lecture for E-medikacija, BiH online platform for additional education and professional development of MDs (medical doctors). The topic of the education session is Medical Aspects of Trans-Inclusive Health Care/Gender Affirmation. The education is a result of the cooperation between the Federation BiH Medical Chamber, Sarajevo Open Centre (SOC), and medical experts from the region who have extensive expertise working with transgender, intersex, and gender-diverse persons. The need for the education of MDs and mental health professionals in BIH is observed every day when trans persons seek inclusive and specific health care in BiH health institutions/medical facilities, and since BiH does not have educated medical personnel to lead and monitor the process of gender affirmation process, such as MD's, psychologists, endocrinologists, gynecologists, urologists, pediatricians, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, this educations program was essential.

Methods
The education program for medical workers was adapted to an online version to include a wide range of medical workers and to bridge obstacles of on-site education such as distance, costs, and avoiding attendance because of stigma. Participants fulfilled the online evaluation form and knowledge test. The completed and verified allowed them to get credits to extend their seven-year medical license.

Results
Out of 2854 registered users, 667 medical professionals visited the webpage where the education was uploaded. 173 users attended the online education in comparison to 7 when it was held onsite. 167 users successfully passed the knowledge test.

Conclusions
86% of attendants are very satisfied with the online education program and consider it to improve their knowledge and professional competencies in working with transgender clients. They express their willingness to further participate in educational and collaborative activities with SOC.

Conflicts of Interest
No.
Non-thermal radiation from dual jet interactions in supermassive black hole binaries
Authors: Gutiérrez Eduardo M , Combi Luciano , Romero Gustavo E , Campanelli Manuela 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are natural by-products of galaxy mergers and are expected to be powerful multimessenger sources. They can be powered by the accretion of matter and then radiate across the electromagnetic spectrum, much like normal active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Current electromagnetic observatories have a good chance of detecting and identifying these systems in the near future. However, precise observational indicators are needed to distinguish individual AGNs from SMBHBs. In this paper, we propose a novel electromagnetic signature from SMBHBs: non-thermal emission produced by the interaction between the jets ejected by the black holes. We study close SMBHBs, which accrete matter from a circumbinary disc and the mini-discs formed around each hole. Each black hole ejects a magnetically dominated jet in the direction of its spin through the Blandford–Znajek mechanism. We argue that in such a situation, the interaction between the jets can trigger strong magnetic reconnection events, where particles are accelerated and emit non-thermal radiation. Depending on whether the jets are aligned or misaligned, this radiation can have different periodicities. We model the evolution of the particles accelerated during the dual jet interaction and calculate their radiative output, obtaining spectra and providing estimates for the variability time-scales. We finally discuss how this emission compares with that of normal AGNs.
One-sided H α excess before the first pericentre passage in galaxy pairs
Authors: Chung Jiwon , Lee Joon Hyeop , Jeong Hyunjin 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We present novel insights into the interplay between tidal forces and star formation in interacting galaxies before their first pericentre passage. We investigate seven close pair galaxies devoid of visible tidal disturbances, such as tails, bridges, and shells. Using integral field spectroscopy data of extended Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area, we unveil a previously unreported phenomenon: H $\alpha$ emission, a proxy for recent star formation, exhibits a significant enhancement in regions facing the companion galaxy, reaching up to 1.9 times higher flux compared to opposite directions. Notably, fainter companions within pairs display a more pronounced one-sided H $\alpha$ excess, exceeding the typical range observed in isolated galaxies with 2$\sigma$ confidence level. Furthermore, the observed H $\alpha$ excess in fainter companion galaxies exhibits a heightened prominence at the outer galactic regions. These findings suggest that tidal forces generated before the first pericentre passage exert a stronger influence on fainter galaxies due to their shallower potential wells by their brighter companions. This unveils a more intricate interplay between gravitational interactions and star formation history within interacting galaxies than previously understood, highlighting the need further to explore the early stages of interaction in galaxy evolution.
Elevated thyroid manganese reduces thyroid iodine to induce hypothyroidism in mice, but not rats, lacking SLC30A10 transporter
Authors: Hutchens Steven , Melkote Ashvini , Jursa Thomas , Shawlot William , Trasande Leonardo , Smith Donald R , Mukhopadhyay Somshuvra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Elevated manganese (Mn) accumulates in the brain and induces neurotoxicity. SLC30A10 is an Mn efflux transporter that controls body Mn levels. We previously reported that full-body Slc30a10 knockout mice (1) recapitulate the body Mn retention phenotype of humans with loss-of-function SLC30A10 mutations and (2) unexpectedly develop hypothyroidism induced by Mn accumulation in the thyroid, which reduces intra-thyroid thyroxine. Subsequent analyses of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data identified an association between serum Mn and subclinical thyroid changes. The emergence of thyroid deficits as a feature of Mn toxicity suggests that changes in thyroid function may be an underappreciated, but critical, modulator of Mn-induced disease. To better understand the relationship between thyroid function and Mn toxicity, here we further defined the mechanism of Mn-induced hypothyroidism using mouse and rat models. Slc30a10 knockout mice exhibited a profound deficit in thyroid iodine levels that occurred contemporaneously with increases in thyroid Mn levels and preceded the onset of overt hypothyroidism. Wild-type Mn-exposed mice also exhibited increased thyroid Mn levels, an inverse correlation between thyroid Mn and iodine levels, and subclinical hypothyroidism. In contrast, thyroid iodine levels were unaltered in newly generated Slc30a10 knockout rats despite an increase in thyroid Mn levels, and the knockout rats were euthyroid. Thus, Mn-induced thyroid dysfunction in genetic or Mn exposure-induced mouse models occurs due to a reduction in thyroid iodine subsequent to an increase in thyroid Mn levels. Moreover, rat and mouse thyroids have differential sensitivities to Mn, which may impact the manifestations of Mn-induced disease in these routinely used animal models.
Eukaryotic AlaX provides multiple checkpoints for quality and quantity of aminoacyl-tRNAs in translation
Authors: Li Zi-Han , Zhou Xiao-Long 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Translational fidelity relies critically on correct aminoacyl-tRNA supply. The trans-editing factor AlaX predominantly hydrolyzes Ser-tRNAAla, functioning as a third sieve of alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS). Despite extensive studies in bacteria and archaea, the mechanism of trans-editing in mammals remains largely unknown. Here, we show that human AlaX (hAlaX), which is exclusively distributed in the cytoplasm, is an active trans-editing factor with strict Ser-specificity. In vitro, both hAlaX and yeast AlaX (ScAlaX) were capable of hydrolyzing nearly all Ser-mischarged cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs; and robustly edited cognate Ser-charged cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNASers. In vivo or cell-based studies revealed that loss of ScAlaX or hAlaX readily induced Ala- and Thr-to-Ser misincorporation. Overexpression of hAlaX impeded the decoding efficiency of consecutive Ser codons, implying its regulatory role in Ser codon decoding. Remarkably, yeast cells with ScAlaX deletion responded differently to translation inhibitor treatment, with a gain in geneticin resistance, but sensitivity to cycloheximide, both of which were rescued by editing-capable ScAlaX, alanyl- or threonyl-tRNA synthetase. Altogether, our results demonstrated the previously undescribed editing peculiarities of eukaryotic AlaXs, which provide multiple checkpoints to maintain the speed and fidelity of genetic decoding.
Apollon: a deoxyribozyme that generates a yellow product
Authors: Volek Martin , Kurfürst Jaroslav , Kožíšek Milan , Srb Pavel , Veverka Václav , Curtis Edward A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Colorimetric assays in which the color of a solution changes in the presence of an input provide a simple and inexpensive way to monitor experimental readouts. In this study we used in vitro selection to identify a self-phosphorylating kinase deoxyribozyme that produces a colorimetric signal by converting the colorless substrate pNPP into the yellow product pNP. The minimized catalytic core, sequence requirements, secondary structure, and buffer requirements of this deoxyribozyme, which we named Apollon, were characterized using a variety of techniques including reselection experiments, high-throughput sequencing, comparative analysis, biochemical activity assays, and NMR. A bimolecular version of Apollon catalyzed multiple turnover phosphorylation and amplified the colorimetric signal. Engineered versions of Apollon could detect oligonucleotides with specific sequences as well as several different types of nucleases in homogenous assays that can be performed in a single tube without the need for washes or purifications. We anticipate that Apollon will be particularly useful to reduce costs in high-throughput screens and for applications in which specialized equipment is not available.
Formation of left-handed helices by C2′-fluorinated nucleic acids under physiological salt conditions
Authors: El-Khoury Roberto , Cabrero Cristina , Movilla Santiago , Kaur Harneesh , Friedland David , Domínguez Arnau , Thorpe James D , Roman Morgane , Orozco Modesto , González Carlos , Damha Masad J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent findings in cell biology have rekindled interest in Z-DNA, the left-handed helical form of DNA. We report here that two minimally modified nucleosides, 2′F-araC and 2′F-riboG, induce the formation of the Z-form under low ionic strength. We show that oligomers entirely made of these two nucleosides exclusively produce left-handed duplexes that bind to the Zα domain of ADAR1. The effect of the two nucleotides is so dramatic that Z-form duplexes are the only species observed in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer and neutral pH, and no B-form is observed at any temperature. Hence, in contrast to other studies reporting formation of Z/B-form equilibria by a preference for purine glycosidic angles in syn, our NMR and computational work revealed that sequential 2′F…H2N and intramolecular 3′H…N3′ interactions stabilize the left-handed helix. The equilibrium between B- and Z- forms is slow in the 19F NMR time scale (≥ms), and each conformation exhibited unprecedented chemical shift differences in the 19F signals. This observation led to a reliable estimation of the relative population of B and Z species and enabled us to monitor B–Z transitions under different conditions. The unique features of 2′F-modified DNA should thus be a valuable addition to existing techniques for specific detection of new Z-binding proteins and ligands.
Multi-transcriptomics identifies targets of the endoribonuclease DNE1 and highlights its coordination with decapping
Authors: Pouclet Aude , Pflieger David , Merret Rémy , Carpentier Marie-Christine , Schiaffini Marlene , Zuber Hélène , Gagliardi Dominique , Garcia Damien 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Decapping is a crucial step in mRNA degradation in eucaryotes and requires the formation of a holoenzyme complex between the decapping enzyme DECAPPING 2 (DCP2) and the decapping enhancer DCP1. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), DCP1-ASSOCIATED NYN ENDORIBONUCLEASE 1 (DNE1) is a direct protein partner of DCP1. The function of both DNE1 and decapping is necessary to maintain phyllotaxis, the regularity of organ emergence in the apex. In this study, we combined in vivo mRNA editing, RNA degradome sequencing, transcriptomics, and small RNA-omics to identify targets of DNE1 and study how DNE1 and DCP2 cooperate in controlling mRNA fate. Our data reveal that DNE1 mainly contacts and cleaves mRNAs in the coding sequence and has sequence cleavage preferences. DNE1 targets are also degraded through decapping, and both RNA degradation pathways influence the production of mRNA-derived small interfering RNAs. Finally, we detected mRNA features enriched in DNE1 targets including RNA G-quadruplexes and translated upstream open reading frames. Combining these four complementary high-throughput sequencing strategies greatly expands the range of DNE1 targets and allowed us to build a conceptual framework describing the influence of DNE1 and decapping on mRNA fate. These data will be crucial to unveil the specificity of DNE1 action and understand its importance for developmental patterning.
Alterations in the rate of fertility, egg viability, and hatch parameters of adult geese exposed to different breeding methods
Authors: Akinbola Elizabeth T , Ewuola  Emmanuel O 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In a 10-wk study, alterations in the rate of fertility, egg viability, and hatch parameters of adult geese exposed to different breeding methods were investigated. Twenty-four matured geese (4.0 ± 0.45 average weight) were randomly divided into three groups (TNM—natural mating group, TIM—artificial insemination group, TNI—natural mating and insemination group) of two replicates with four geese per replicate in a completely randomized design. Fresh semen collected from six ganders (5.2 ± 0.69 average weight) was pooled and used to inseminate the geese in TIM and TN1 at 0.2Ml at insemination times. The geese in TNM and TNI were allowed to mate naturally. Insemination and mating was done at 3 d interval and eggs from each treatment were collected daily. Incubation of eggs was done weekly, candling and transfer to hatcher were done on day 27 and goslings hatched out on day 30. Fertility, early embryo mortality (EEM), mid embryo mortality (MEM), late embryo mortality (LEM), hatch of fertile eggs (HOF), and hatch of set eggs (HOS) were obtained and analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA and means separated using least significant difference test. Geese in TNI had significantly higher fertility (93.33 ± 10.97%) than TNM (59.67 ± 31.29%) and TIM (83.60 ± 17.14%). The EEM was higher in TIM than in the two other groups while the HOF and HOS were higher in TNM and TNI than in TIM. This study suggests that in comparison with TIM, higher fertility, hatchability, and lower embryo mortality can be obtained when geese are inseminated and naturally mated simultaneously.
Acute exposure to dihydroxyacetone promotes genotoxicity and chromosomal instability in lung, cardiac, and liver cell models
Authors: Hernandez Arlet , Hedlich-Dwyer Jenna , Hussain Saddam , Levi Hailey , Sonavane Manoj , Suzuki Tetsuya , Kamiya Hiroyuki , Gassman Natalie R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Inhalation exposures to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) occur through spray tanning and e-cigarette aerosols. Several studies in skin models have demonstrated that millimolar doses of DHA are cytotoxic, yet the genotoxicity was unclear. We examined the genotoxicity of DHA in cell models relevant to inhalation exposures. Human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B, lung carcinoma cells A549, cardiomyocyte Ac16, and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG3 were exposed to DHA, and low millimolar doses of DHA were cytotoxic. IC90 DHA doses induced cell cycle arrest in all cells except the Ac16. We examined DHA’s genotoxicity using strand break markers, DNA adduct detection by Repair Assisted Damage Detection (RADD), metaphase spreads, and a forward mutation assay for mutagenesis. Similar to results for skin, DHA did not induce significant levels of strand breaks. However, RADD revealed DNA adducts were induced 24 h after DHA exposure, with BEAS-2B and Ac16 showing oxidative lesions and A549 and HepG3 showing crosslink-type lesions. Yet, only low levels of reactive oxygen species or advanced glycation end products were detected after DHA exposure. Metaphase spreads revealed significant increases in chromosomal aberrations in the BEAS-2B and HepG3 with corresponding changes in ploidy. Finally, we confirmed the mutagenesis observed using the supF reporter plasmid. DHA increased the mutation frequency, consistent with methylmethane sulfonate, a mutagen and clastogen. These data demonstrate DHA is a clastogen, inducing cell-specific genotoxicity and chromosomal instability. The specific genotoxicity measured in the BEAS-2B in this study suggests that inhalation exposures pose health risks to vapers, requiring further investigation.
Acute particulate hexavalent chromium exposure induces DNA double-strand breaks and activates homologous recombination repair in rat lung tissue
Authors: Lu Haiyan , Wise Sandra S , Speer Rachel M , Croom-Perez Tayler J , Toyoda Jennifer H , Meaza Idoia , Williams Aggie , Wise John Pierce , Kouokam J Calvin , Young Wise Jamie , Hoyle Gary W , Zhu Cairong , Ali Abdul-Mehdi , Wise John Pierce 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an established human lung carcinogen, but the carcinogenesis mechanism is poorly understood. Chromosome instability, a hallmark of lung cancer, is considered a major driver of Cr(VI)-induced lung cancer. Unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks are the underlying cause, and homologous recombination repair is the primary mechanism preventing Cr(VI)-induced DNA breaks from causing chromosome instability. Cell culture studies show acute Cr(VI) exposure causes DNA double-strand breaks and increases homologous recombination repair activity. However, the ability of Cr(VI)-induced DNA breaks and repair impact has only been reported in cell culture studies. Therefore, we investigated whether acute Cr(VI) exposure could induce breaks and homologous recombination repair in rat lungs. Male and female Wistar rats were acutely exposed to either zinc chromate particles in a saline solution or saline alone by oropharyngeal aspiration. This exposure route resulted in increased Cr levels in each lobe of the lung. We found Cr(VI) induced DNA double-strand breaks in a concentration-dependent manner, with females being more susceptible than males, and induced homologous recombination repair at similar levels in both sexes. Thus, these data show this driving mechanism discovered in cell culture indeed translates to lung tissue in vivo.