bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kin recognition is density‐dependent and uncommon among temperate grassland plants
Authors: Lepik Anu , Abakumova Maria , Zobel Kristjan , Semchenko Marina 
Published: July 2012

Summary

Some plant species may frequently encounter neighbourhoods composed of genetically closely related individuals. Such species should benefit from an ability to recognize kin and to display cooperative behaviour towards closely related neighbours.

While kin recognition has been demonstrated in plants, previous studies have only examined single species in single environmental settings, making it impossible to draw conclusions about the prevalence of this behaviour in plants and its consequences in different competitive environments.

We investigated the ability of eight co‐occurring plant species to distinguish between sibling and nonsibling neighbours and to avoid competition with close relatives at different neighbour densities.

Apparent sibling recognition and cooperative behaviour towards siblings were only observed in Trifolium repens: with increasing neighbour density, plants grown among siblings significantly increased investment to seed production at the expense of allocation to competitive organs, while plants grown among unrelated individuals did not display such a response. One more species (Lychnis flos‐cuculi) exhibited differences in specific leaf area in sibling and nonsibling groups, but other traits remained unchanged. The effect of genetic relatedness on plant traits always depended on neighbour density.

Our results suggest that kin recognition may not be a common phenomenon in temperate grasslands and that it is more likely to occur in species experiencing frequent sibling interactions because of localized seed dispersal and/or clonal propagation.
Application of orthodontic forces prior to autotransplantation – case reports
Authors: Cho J.‐H. , Hwang H.‐S. , Chang H.‐S. , Hwang Y.‐C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimThis case report describes the successful autotransplantation of mandibular molars after application of orthodontic forces and discusses the advantages of this technique, that is, pre‐application of an orthodontic force for autotransplantation.SummaryAfter clinical and radiographic examination, autotransplantation was planned with the patient's written informed consent. An orthodontic force was applied, and the surgical procedure was performed after tooth mobility had increased. Root canal treatment was performed within 2 weeks of autotransplantation. At the 1‐year follow‐up, the transplanted teeth revealed asymptomatic and healthy periodontal conditions.Key learning points

Autotransplantation is the surgical movement of a tooth from its original location to another site.

The pre‐application of orthodontic force technique was recently introduced for autogenous tooth transplantation.

Pre‐application of an orthodontic force may be a useful treatment option for autotransplantation.
Time course of inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue damage induced by hyperoxia in mouse lungs
Authors: Nagato Akinori C. , Bezerra Frank S. , Lanzetti Manuella , Lopes Alan A. , Silva Marco Aurélio S. , Porto Luís Cristóvão , Valença Samuel S. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIn this study our aim was to investigate the time courses of inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue damage after hyperoxia in the mouse lung. Groups of BALB/c mice were exposed to 100% oxygen in a chamber for 12, 24 or 48 h. The controls were subjected to normoxia. The results showed that IL‐6 increased progressively after 12 (P < 0.001) and 24 h (P < 0.001) of hyperoxia with a reduction at 48 h (P < 0.01), whereas TNF‐α increased after 24 (P < 0.001) and 48 h (P < 0.001). The number of macrophages increased after 24 h (P < 0.001), whereas the number of neutrophils increased after 24 h (P < 0.01) and 48 h (P < 0.001). Superoxide dismutase activity decreased in all groups exposed to hyperoxia (P < 0.01). Catalase activity increased only at 48 h (P < 0.001). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio decreased after 12 h (P < 0.01) and 24 h (P < 0.05). Histological evidence of lung injury was observed at 24 and 48 h. This study shows that hyperoxia initially causes an inflammatory response at 12 h, resulting in inflammation associated with the oxidative response at 24 h and culminating in histological damage at 48 h. Knowledge of the time course of inflammation and oxidative stress prior to histological evidence of acute lung injury can improve the safety of oxygen therapy in patients.
Atlas versus range maps: robustness of chorological relationships to distribution data types in European mammals
Authors: Márcia Barbosa A. , Estrada Alba , Márquez Ana L. , Purvis Andy , Orme C. David L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim  Chorological relationships describe the patterns of distributional overlap among species. In addition to revealing biogeographical structure, the resulting clusters of species with similar geographical distributions can serve as natural units in conservation planning. Here, we assess the extent to which temporal, methodological and taxonomical differences in the source of species’ distribution data can affect the relationships that are found.Location  Western Europe.Methods  We used two data sets – the Atlas of European mammals and polygon range maps from the IUCN Global Mammal Assessment – both as presence–absence data for UTM 50 km × 50 km squares. We performed pairwise comparisons among 156 species for each data set to build matrices of the similarity in distribution across species, using both Jaccard’s and Baroni‐Urbani & Buser’s indices. We then compared these similarity matrices (chorological relationships), as well as the species richness and occurrence patterns from the two data sets.Results  As expected, range maps increased both the mean prevalence per species and mean species richness per grid cell in comparison to atlas data, reflecting the general view that these data types respectively over‐ and underestimate species occurrence. However, species richness and occurrence patterns in atlas and range map data were positively associated and, most importantly, the chorological relationships underlying the two data sets were highly similar.Main conclusions  Despite many methodological, temporal and taxonomical differences between atlas data and range maps, the chorological relationships encountered between species were similar for both data sets. Chorological analyses can thus be robust to the data source used and provide a solid basis for analytical biogeographical studies, even over broad spatial scales.
The identification of multiple symptom clusters and their effects on functional performance in cancer patients
Authors: Oh HyunSoo , Seo YoungMin , Jeong HyeSun , Seo WhaSook 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To identify cancer‐related symptom clusters, to explore their inter‐relationships and to examine the effects of single symptoms and the synergistic effects of symptom clusters on functional performance using path analysis by structural equation modelling in patients with various types of cancer.Background.  Recent studies suggest that cancer patients frequently experience three or more concurrent related symptoms and that this clustering of symptoms is likely to have negative synergistic impacts on outcomes, because of the complicated dynamics of clusters.Design.  A cross‐sectional design.Methods.  One hundred and ten patients with various types of cancer were recruited as in‐ and out‐patients at a University Hospital in Incheon, South Korea. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire and by direct interview. Pain, insomnia, fatigue, depression and functional performance were measured.Results.  The developed model was composed of antecedents, symptom clusters and outcomes. Of the symptoms often encountered as clusters in cancer patients, insomnia, depression and fatigue were found to have significant single (direct) effects on functional performance. Seven symptom clusters were identified between pain and functional performance, three between insomnia and functional performance and one between depression and functional performance. These single symptoms and symptom clusters were found to have significant synergistic effects on functional performance and to explain 24% of functional performance variance.Conclusions.  Multiple cancer‐related symptom clusters may occur and the dynamics within symptom clusters is complicated. Our findings provide sound evidence regarding the importance of assessing and managing clusters of symptoms simultaneously rather than focusing on single symptoms.Relevance to clinical practice.  A comprehensive understanding of symptom clusters in cancer patients would help establish valid diagnostic symptom cluster entities and aid the development of subjective/objective phenotypic criteria for symptom cluster based diagnoses and of nursing care protocols for managing symptom clusters.
Counterfeit medicines in Poland: opinions of primary healthcare physicians, nurses and lay persons
Authors: Binkowska‐Bury Monika , Januszewicz Pawel , Wolan Maja , Sobolewski Marek , Krauze Martin , Fijalek Zbigniew E 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To gain information concerning disparities in the understanding of the counterfeit medicines phenomenon between healthcare workers and lay persons.Background.  Central‐eastern Europe is facing significant challenges in combating a multi‐billion euro, and often lethal, trade in counterfeit medicines. It is a major challenge especially for primary healthcare workers to expand the understanding of counterfeit medicines to the benefit of patients.Design.  Use of questionnaires. Two separate questionnaires were distributed, one for healthcare professionals and the other for lay persons.Methods.  Conducted between September 2009–May 2010. One thousand and seventy‐eight primary healthcare professionals and 377 lay persons were surveyed.Results.  Findings revealed less awareness among healthcare professionals than lay persons about the danger of purchasing illegal medicines or dietary supplements outside pharmacies. Healthcare professionals have lower levels of awareness about the scale of counterfeit medicines as well as threats of counterfeit medicines to health than lay persons. The majority of medical workers do not know the procedure for reporting suspicious medicine and do not warn their patients against purchasing medicine from unknown sources.Conclusions.  Primary healthcare workers have less awareness of the scale of the counterfeit medicines phenomenon than lay persons.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses and physician need to become aware of the counterfeit medicines phenomenon. Nurses are well positioned to assume the active role in educating patients about the threat of the presence of counterfeit medicines so as to enhance safety for their patients. However, to accomplish that aim, these findings suggest that healthcare professionals need to become better educated about counterfeit medicines and need to be trained in skills to identify counterfeit medicines.
Cyclosporine level: difference between blood samples collected through peripheral and central venous access
Authors: Garbin Livia M , Tonani Marcela , Salvador Michelle , de Campos Pereira Silveira Renata C , Voltarelli Júlio C , dos Santos Claudia B , Carvalho Emília C 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To identify differences in cyclosporine levels between blood samples collected from a peripheral venous access, catheter line used for drug infusion and catheter line not used for drug infusion in adult patients receiving allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Background.  Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant that prevents graft‐versus‐host disease, has a narrow therapeutic window and causes nephrotoxicity. For cyclosporine infusion, a tunnelled central venous access device is used; however, because of the lipophilic properties of the drug, it can adsorb to the catheter surface and falsely raise cyclosporine concentrations in blood specimens.Design.  Prospective observational study.Methods.  The study collected 135 blood samples from 16 patients. In 13 subjects, samples were obtained from the three lines at three time points (1, 7 and 14 days after the start of cyclosporine infusion), and for three subjects, samples were only obtained at 1 and 7 days after the start of infusion. The 5‐ml blood discard method was used for samples collected from the catheter. Using this procedure, the catheter line was washed with saline solution, 5 ml of blood and saline solution were aspirated from the catheter line and discarded, and then sample blood used for the test was collected. The paired t‐test with the Bonferroni correction was used to analyse the differences in cyclosporine serum levels.Results.  Significant differences were observed when the drug serum levels obtained in the line used for drug infusion were compared with the levels obtained in the line not used for infusion or the peripheral venous line. No differences in drug levels were identified in blood collected from the peripheral venous line and the line not used for drug infusion.Conclusion.  Drug adsorption occurs in the line used for infusion. Therefore, the blood sample collected from the line not used for cyclosporine infusion can be considered reliable for drug concentration determination.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses should standardise one line of the tunnelled central venous access device for cyclosporine infusion, which avoids the need for evasive procedures and provides patients with more comfort.
Causal diagrams, gastroesophageal reflux and erosive oesophagitis
Authors: Shahar Eyal 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux and its consequences have inspired numerous research questions in recent years: are non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) and erosive oesophagitis phenotypic expressions of gastroesophageal reflux disease? Why do patients with NERD not respond to treatment as well as patients with erosive oesophagitis? What is the natural history of NERD? Causal diagrams, coupled with conditional probabilities, offer clear and surprising answers.
Intraspecific diversity of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates from diseased freshwater catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage), cultured in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Bartie K L , Austin F W , Diab A , Dickson C , Dung T T , Giacomini M , Crumlish M 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA molecular epidemiology study was conducted on 90 Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates recovered from diseased farmed freshwater catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, cultured in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Thirteen isolates of E. ictaluri derived from diseased channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, cultured in the USA were included for comparison. All the E.  ictaluri isolates tested were found to be biochemically indistinguishable. A repetitive (rep)‐PCR using the single (GTG)5 primer was shown to possess limited discriminatory power, yielding two similar DNA profiles categorized as (GTG)5‐PCR group 1 or 2 among the Vietnam isolates and (GTG)5‐PCR group 1 within the USA isolates. Macrorestriction analysis identified 14 and 22 unique pulsotypes by XbaI and SpeI, respectively, among a subset of 59 E. ictaluri isolates. Numerical analysis of the combined macrorestriction profiles revealed three main groups: a distinct cluster formed exclusively of the USA isolates, and a major and minor cluster with outliers contained the Vietnam isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid profiling supported the existence of the three groups. The results indicate that macrorestriction analysis may be regarded as a suitable typing method among the E. ictaluri species of limited intraspecific diversity. Furthermore, the findings suggest that E. ictaluri originating from Vietnam may constitute a distinct genetic group.
Immunophysiology of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (Mitchill), and the relationship to parasitic copepod, Dichelesthium oblongum (Abilgaard) infection
Authors: Sokolowski M S , Allam B A , Dunton K J , Clark M A , Kurtz E B , Fast M D 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe copepod parasite, Dichelesthium oblongum, is known to infect the Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, within the area near New York city, USA, known as the NY Bight. The gross pathology associated with the juvenile and adult copepod stages along with the parasite’s link in causing changes in sturgeon osmoregulatory capabilities has led us to investigate the host immunophysiology in relation to this host–parasite system. All the host variables, which included gill Na+‐K+‐ATPase activity, serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and white blood cell differential counts, were affected in a non‐linear manner by the copepod parasite. The parasites increased the host gill Na+‐K+‐ATPase activity and serum AP along with the percentage granulocytes while decreasing the percentage lymphocytes. A new method, developed to sample and preserve white blood cells in the field for future flow cytometry analysis, proved adequate. The effects of fish size, location and time of sampling were accounted for by the use of generalized linear models, and their effects on the host variables are discussed.
Multiple passage of infectious salmon anaemia virus in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), did not induce increased virus load
Authors: Olsen C M , Braaen S , Falk K , Rimstad E 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) has not been observed to cause natural disease in farmed rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), but may cause high mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. In this study, ISAV was passaged 10 times in succession by intraperitoneal injections of serum from previous passage into naïve rainbow trout. The serum viraemia was monitored by real‐time qPCR. The rainbow trout in this study became infected but did not develop ISA. No clinical signs were observed in the rainbow trout in any passage, but replication of ISAV was detected from Day 4 post‐infection (p.i.). Neither increased relative virus loads nor histopathological and immunohistochemical findings consistent with ISA were observed. However, the expression of interferon type I and Mx genes were slightly up‐regulated in the hearts of some individual fish at day 17 p.i. Sequencing of all open reading frames in the ISAV genome of the 10th passage revealed two nucleotide mutations, one in segment 6 coding for the haemagglutinin–esterase (HE) and one in segment 1 coding for the basic polymerase 2 (PB2). The mutation in HE resulted in an amino acid substitution T/K312.
Dermal Melanocortin Receptor Rebound in Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis after Anti‐TGFβ1 Antibody Therapy
Authors: Neumann Andersen G. , Andersen M. , Nagaeva O. , Wikberg J. E. S. , Mincheva‐Nilsson L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDisturbed transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling leads to enhanced synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is manifested as systemic sclerosis (SSc), but this may be attenuated by the melanocortin system. Here, we report of rebound reaction in the gene expression of melanocortin receptor (MCR) subtypes and of the precursor of these receptors’ ligands, the pro‐opio‐melanocortin protein (POMC), in the acute skin lesion of diffuse systemic sclerosis (dSSc) after treatment with a recombinant human anti‐TGFβ1 antibody. Biopsies, taken from the leading edge of the skin lesion, before and after treatment of a patient with recent onset dSSc, were examined. Before treatment, increased levels of TGFβ mRNA and suppressed levels of POMC mRNA and MCR subtypes MC1‐3, 5R mRNAs were seen in the lesion, compared with healthy controls. After treatment, there was a rebound expression of POMC, MC2, 3, 5R mRNAs. As the melanocortin system regulates collagen and melanin production, our findings add a new understanding to the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the acute skin lesion of dSSc, which is characterized by enhanced ECM formation and changes in skin pigmentation.
Arms race co‐evolution ofMagnaporthe oryzae AVR‐Pikand ricePikgenes driven by their physical interactions
Authors: Kanzaki Hiroyuki , Yoshida Kentaro , Saitoh Hiromasa , Fujisaki Koki , Hirabuchi Akiko , Alaux Ludovic , Fournier Elisabeth , Tharreau Didier , Terauchi Ryohei 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAttack and counter‐attack impose strong reciprocal selection on pathogens and hosts, leading to development of arms race evolutionary dynamics. Here we show thatMagnaporthe oryzaeavirulence geneAVR‐Pikand the cognate rice resistance (R) genePikare highly variable, with multiple alleles in which DNA replacements cause amino acid changes. There is tight recognition specificity of theAVR‐Pikalleles by the variousPikalleles. We found that AVR‐Pik physically binds the N‐terminal coiled‐coil domain of Pik in a yeast two‐hybrid assay as well as in anin plantaco‐immunoprecipitation assay. This binding specificity correlates with the recognition specificity betweenAVRandRgenes. We propose thatAVR‐PikandPikare locked into arms race co‐evolution driven by their direct physical interactions.
Treatment outcomes for human African Trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: analysis of routine program data from the world’s largest sleeping sickness control program
Authors: Hasker E. , Mpanya A. , Makabuza J. , Mbo F. , Lumbala C. , Kumpel J. , Claeys Y. , Kande V. , Ravinetto R. , Menten J. , Lutumba P. , Boelaert M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective  To enable the human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) control program of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to generate data on treatment outcomes, an electronic database was developed. The database was piloted in two provinces, Bandundu and Kasai Oriental. In this study, we analysed routine data from the two provinces for the period 2006–2008.Methods  Data were extracted from case declaration cards and monthly reports available at national and provincial HAT coordination units and entered into the database.Results  Data were retrieved for 15 086 of 15 741 cases reported in the two provinces for the period (96%). Compliance with post‐treatment follow‐up was very poor in both provinces; only 25% had undergone at least one post‐treatment follow‐up examination, <1% had undergone the required four follow‐up examinations. Relapse rates among those presenting for follow‐up were high in Kasai (18%) but low in Bandundu (0.3%).Conclusions  High relapse rates in Kasai and poor compliance with post‐treatment follow‐up in both provinces are important problems that the HAT control program urgently needs to address. Moreover, in analogy to tuberculosis control programs, HAT control programs need to adopt a recording and reporting routine that includes reporting on treatment outcomes.