bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin resistance and circadian rhythm of cardiac autonomic modulation
Authors: Rodríguez-Colón Sol M , Li Xian , Shaffer Michele L , He Fan , Bixler Edward O , Vgontzas Alexandros N , Cai Jianwen , Liao Duanping 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Heart rate variability (HRV), an index of cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM), is also associated with CVD mortality and CVD morbidity. Currently, there are limited data about the impairment of IR on the circadian pattern of CAM. Therefore, we conducted this investigation to exam the association between IR and the circadian oscillations of CAM in a community-dwelling middle-aged sample.MethodHomeostasis models of IR (HOMA-IR), insulin, and glucose were used to assess IR. CAM was measured by HRV analysis from a 24-hour electrocardiogram. Two stage modeling was used in the analysis. In stage one, for each individual we fit a cosine periodic model based on the 48 segments of HRV data. We obtained three individual-level cosine parameters that quantity the circadian pattern: mean (M), measures the overall average of a HRV index; amplitude (Â), measures the amplitude of the oscillation of a HRV index; and acrophase time (θ), measures the timing of the highest oscillation. At the second stage, we used a random-effects-meta-analysis to summarize the effects of IR variables on the three circadian parameters of HRV indices obtained in stage one of the analysis.ResultsIn persons without type diabetes, the multivariate adjusted β (SE) of log HOMA-IR and M variable for HRV were -0.251 (0.093), -0.245 (0.078), -0.19 (0.06), -4.89 (1.76), -3.35 (1.31), and 2.14 (0.995), for log HF, log LF, log VLF, SDNN, RMSSD and HR, respectively (allP< 0.05). None of the IR variables were significantly associated with Â or θ of the HRV indices. However, in eight type 2 diabetics, the magnitude of effect due to higher HOMA-IR on M, Â, and θ are much larger.ConclusionElevated IR, among non-diabetics significantly impairs the overall mean levels of CAM. However, the Â or θ of CAM were not significantly affected by IR, suggesting that the circadian mechanisms of CAM are not impaired. However, among persons with type 2 diabetes, a group clinically has more severe form of IR, the adverse effects of increased IR on all three HRV circadian parameters are much larger.
Reduced Melanoma After Regular Sunscreen Use: Randomized Trial Follow-Up
Authors: Green Adèle C. , Williams Gail M. , Logan Valerie , Strutton Geoffrey M. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose Regular sunscreen use prevents cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma long term, but the effect on melanoma is highly controversial. We evaluated whether long-term application of sunscreen decreases risk of cutaneous melanoma. Participants and Methods In 1992, 1,621 randomly selected residents of Nambour, a township in Queensland, Australia, age 25 to 75 years, were randomly assigned to daily or discretionary sunscreen application to head and arms in combination with 30 mg beta carotene or placebo supplements until 1996. Participants were observed until 2006 with questionnaires and/or through pathology laboratories and the cancer registry to ascertain primary melanoma occurrence. Results Ten years after trial cessation, 11 new primary melanomas had been identified in the daily sunscreen group, and 22 had been identified in the discretionary group, which represented a reduction of the observed rate in those randomly assigned to daily sunscreen use (hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.02; P = .051). The reduction in invasive melanomas was substantial (n = 3 in active v 11 in control group; HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.97) compared with that for preinvasive melanomas (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.81). Conclusion Melanoma may be preventable by regular sunscreen use in adults.
Phase III Trial of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Compared With Observation in Patients With Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Neurocognitive and Quality-of-Life Analysis
Authors: Sun Alexander , Bae Kyounghwa , Gore Elizabeth M. , Movsas Benjamin , Wong Stuart J. , Meyers Christina A. , Bonner James A. , Schild Steven E. , Gaspar Laurie E. , Bogart Jeffery A. , Werner-Wasik Maria , Choy Hak 
Published: December 2010

Purpose There are scant data regarding the effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on neurocognitive function (NCF) and quality of life (QOL). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 0214 showed no overall survival (OS) benefit for PCI in stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 1 year. However, there was a significant decrease in brain metastases (BM). This analysis focuses on the impact of PCI on NCF and QOL. Patients and Methods Patients with stage III NSCLC who completed definitive therapy without progression were randomly assigned to PCI or observation. NCF was assessed with Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). QOL was assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core tool (QOL Questionnaire-QLQC30) and brain module (QLQBN20). Results There were no statistically significant differences at 1 year between the two arms in any component of the EORTC-QLQC30 or QLQBN20 (P > .05), although a trend for greater decline in patient-reported cognitive functioning with PCI was noted. There were no significant differences in MMSE (P = .60) or ADLS (P = .88). However, for HVLT, there was greater decline in immediate recall (P = .03) and delayed recall (P = .008) in the PCI arm at 1 year. Conclusion PCI in stage III NSCLC significantly decreases the risk of BM without improving 1-year OS. There were no significant differences in global cognitive function (MMSE) or QOL after PCI, but there was a significant decline in memory (HVLT) at 1 year. This study provides prospective data regarding the relative risks and benefits of PCI in this setting and the need to use sensitive cognitive assessments.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lev Benjamin 
Published: December 2010

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. For more information about book reviews, please send an e-mail to interfacesbookreviews@gmail.com . The authors or editors of books that we review in this issue are Rainer Burkard, Mauro Dell'Amico, Silvano Martell, Dylan Jones, Mehrdad Tamiz, and Dianne P. O' Leary.
Nocturnal activity of Iranian jerboa, Allactaga firouzi (Mammalia: Rodentia: Dipodidae)
Authors: Hemami Mahmoud-Reza , Naderi Gholamreza , Karami Mahmoud , Mohammadi Saeed 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The study of the nocturnal activity pattern of Iranian jerboa showed that this species stayed out of the burrow nests for a large part of the night during the first and last weeks of the lunar month, whereby their nocturnal activities markedly decreased from a half to a full moon. The scale of activity was higher when the moon was low than when it was high. Additionally, activity shifted somewhat from open to vegetation cover when the moon was high. The higher predation risk in brighter nights is supposed to be the main reason for such an activity pattern.
Recent Ethnographies of Jews and Urbanism: A Review Essay
Authors: Zenner Walter P. 
Published: December 2010

Joelle Bahloul. The Architecture of Memory:. Jewish–Muslim Household in Colonial Algeria, 1937‐1962. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996Jonathan Boyarin. Polish Jews in Paris: The Ethnography of Memory.Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.Jack Kugelmass. The Miracle of Intervale Avenue: The Story of. Jewish Congregation in the South Bronx. New York: Columbia University Press, Expanded Edition, 1996.Fran Markowitz. A Community in Spite of Itself. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.
Bone Microbial Decontamination Agents in Osseous Grafting: An In Vitro Study With Fresh Human Explants
Authors: Verdugo Fernando , Sáez‐Rosón Aranzazu , Uribarri Agurne , Martínez‐Conde Rafael , Cabezas‐Olcoz Jonathan , Moragues María D. , Pontón José 
Published: December 2010

Background: Establishing a safe prophylactic antimicrobial protocol in bone grafting may enhance osseous volume outcomes. The purpose of this in vitro study is to assess human osteoblast response and safety after explant antimicrobial exposure.Methods: Fresh human bone explants were exposed to three antimicrobials: povidone‐iodine (PovI; 0.05%, 1%, and 5%), chlorhexidine (CHX; 0.2% and 1%), and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; 2.5%, 4.5%, and 5.25%) at different times (15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds) and concentrations to assess cellular toxicity. Explants were washed three times with saline after exposure. Controls, explants cultured in the absence of antimicrobials, were performed for all experimental situations tested. Trials were conducted in triplicate. Particle size influence on osteoblast growth was determined between bone fragments with a diameter <2 and ≥2 to 5 mm. Test and control groups were monitored by light microscopy to evaluate cellular growth. Osteoblast differentiation and morphology was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Osteoblast growth was similar for particles <2 and ≥2 to 5 mm. Alkaline phosphatase control reference values were not significantly different from test groups (0.35 mU/mL ± 0.004 versus 0.34 mU/mL ± 0.009; P >0.05). Light microscopy showed on average 97% osteoblastic growth for bone particles exposed to PovI 5% and CHX 0.2% for all times and CHX 1% up to 30 seconds. The odds ratio of positive osteoblastic growth after a 30‐second 2.5% NaOCl exposure was 2.4 times higher than after 5.25%. On average, one of two replicas yielded positive growth with 2.5% NaOCl and one of three with 5.25%. After 60‐second explant exposure, positive osteoblastic growth was 7.7 times more likely to occur with 5% PovI or 0.2% CHX than with 5.25% NaOCl (P <0.05). SEM analysis confirmed light microscopy similar cellular adhesion and osteoblast phenotypic features between test and control groups.Conclusions: Best osteoblastic growth occurred after bone PovI exposure and CHX 0.2%. Cellular toxicity seems to be influenced by the type of antimicrobial, concentration, and exposure time. SEM analysis confirmed absence of osteoblast phenotypic alterations after exposure. Decontamination agents can safely be used in bone transplantation using up to 5% PovI and 0.2% CHX for 1 minute and CHX 1% for 30 seconds.
3D quantum mechanical simulation of square nanowire MOSFETs by using NEGF method
Authors: Dastjerdy Esmaeil , Ghayour Rahim , Sarvari Hojjat 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In order to investigate the specifications of nanoscale transistors, we have used a three dimensional (3D) quantum mechanical approach to simulate square cross section silicon nanowire (SNW) MOSFETs. A three dimensional simulation of silicon nanowire MOSFET based on self consistent solution of Poisson-Schrödinger equations is implemented. The quantum mechanical transport model of this work uses the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism. First, we simulate a double-gate (DG) silicon nanowire MOSFET and compare the results with those obtained from nanoMOS simulation. We understand that when the transverse dimension of a DG nanowire is reduced to a few nanometers, quantum confinement in that direction becomes important and 3D Schrödinger equation must be solved. Second, we simulate gate-all-around (GAA) silicon nanowire MOSFETs with different shapes of gate. We have investigated GAA-SNW-MOSFET with an octagonal gate around the wire and found out it is more suitable than a conventional GAA MOSFET for its more I
on/I
off, less Drain-Induced-Barrier-Lowering (DIBL) and less subthreshold slope.
Photocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films doped with Tb
Authors: Wojcieszak Damian , Kaczmarek Danuta , Domaradzki Jaroslaw , Prociow Eugeniusz , Morawski Antoni , Janus Magdalena 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In this work photocatalytic properties of TiO2 thin films doped with different amount of Tb have been described. Thin films were prepared by high energy reactive magnetron sputtering process. Comparable photocatalytic activity has been found for all doped TiO2 thin films, while different amounts of Tb dopant (0.4 and 2.6 at. %) results in either an anatase or rutile structure. It was found that the terbium dopant incorporated into TiO2 was also responsible for the amount of hydroxyl groups and water particles adsorbed on the thin film surfaces and thus photocatalytic activity was few times higher in comparison with results collected for undoped TiO2 thin films.
Creation of high resolution pattern by nanoscratching
Authors: Ramiączek-Krasowska Maria , Prażmowska Joanna , Los Kornelia , Stafiniak Andrzej , Szyszka Adam , Paszkiewicz Regina , Orski Wojciech , Tarnowski Karol , Tłaczała Marek 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The lithography is a basic microelectronic process which determines properties of fabricated device. The resolution of optical lithography applied nowadays is insufficient for creating high resolution patterns such as gate electrode in transistors. The scaling ability is the major motivation for undertaking experiments to elaborate high resolution lithography techniques. The atomic force microscope (AFM) is commonly used as tool for creation patterns in sub-micrometers resolution. In this paper, the results of simulations of electromagnetic field behavior during passing the gap with a size smaller than the wavelength of the optical lithography light source are presented. Also results of the nanoscratching lithography prepared for various parameters of force that are applied to the tip are summarized.
Hemochromatosis gene mutations in the general population of Slovakia
Authors: Gabriková Dana , Boroňová Iveta , Bernasovský Ivan , Behulová Regina , Mačeková Soňa , Bôžiková Alexandra , Sovičová Adriana , Švíčková Petra , Petrejčíková Eva , Soták Miroslav , Bernasovská Jarmila 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is an epidemiologic study of the Slovak population with the aim of determining the frequencies of three hemochromatosis gene (HFE) variants C282Y, H63D and S65C known to be associated with manifestation of hereditary hemochromatosis and to assess deviations of these frequencies from those reported elsewhere. Mutations were detected in 359 ethnic Slovaks by real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan technology. The allelic frequencies were 4.03% for C282Y, 12.67% for H63D and 1.25% for S65C mutation. We observed 0.28% of C282Y/C282Y homozygotes, 3.34% H63D/H63D homozygotes, 0.84% of C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes and 0.56% of H63D/S65C compound heterozygotes. This is the first time the frequencies of H63D and S65C mutations have been reported in the general population in Slovakia. The observed allelic frequencies are consistent with the previous studies of Slavic and Central European populations.
Optic neuritis and paranasal sinus diseases
Authors: Čelakovský P. , Vokurka J. , Školoudík L. , Růžička J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The relationship of sinusitis and paranasal sinus mucoceles to optic neuritis (ON) remains a challenge for both the otolaryngologist and the ophthalmologist. Currently, ON is assumed to be a rare complication of paranasal sinus diseases. Three new cases of ON associated with paranasal sinus diseases are described. We postulate different pathophysiologic mechanisms of ON in our three patients: compression of optic nerve due to sphenoid mucocele in the first patient; extension of bacterial infection to the optic nerve in the second patient; and invasion of aspergillosis to the orbital apex in the third patient. We assume that the complete recovery of the patient’s vision in the second case resulted from surgery, which had been performed immediately. A timely operation could possibly have prevented permanent blindness in cases 1 and 3 as well. Optic neuritis can occasionally be a complication of bacterial and mycotic sinusitis or paranasal sinus mucoceles, especially if located in the sphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoids. The evaluation of paranasal sinuses using imaging techniques is necessary to diagnose the problem, and immediate surgery can prevent permanent sequelae in indicated cases.
Theoretical study on transesterification in a combined process consisting of a reactive distillation column and a pervaporation unit
Authors: Švandová Zuzana , Markoš Jozef 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSteady state analysis of a combined hybrid process consisting of a reactive distillation column, pervaporation unit, and a distillation column is presented. This process configuration was first presented by Steinigeweg and Gmehling (2004) for the transesterification of methyl acetate and butanol to butyl acetate and methanol. This system is characteristic for its low reaction rate and complex phase equilibrium. Steinigeweg and Gmehling (2004) have shown that the combination of reactive distillation and pervaporation is favourable since conversions close to 100 % can be reached with a reasonable size of the reactive section in the reactive distillation column. The aim of this paper is to show that although high conversion can be achieved, very complicated steady state behaviour must be expected. The presented analysis is based on mathematical modelling of a process unit, where the steady-state analysis, including continuation and bifurcation analyses, was used. Multiple steady states were predicted for the studied system; three steady states with conversions higher than 98 %. However, not all predicted steady states met the maximal allowed temperature condition in the reactive section (catalyst maximal operation temperature of 393 K). The presence of multiple steady states reduces the operability and controllability of the reactive distillation column during its start-up and during the occurrence of any variation of operating parameters because the system can be shifted from one steady state to another one (concurrent exceeding the maximal allowed temperature) with unwanted consequences, e.g. production loss. Therefore, design and subsequent operation of such a complicated system is an ambitious task requiring knowledge of any possible system behaviour.
Validated RP-HPLC and TLC methods for simultaneous estimation of tamsulosin hydrochloride and finasteride in combined dosage forms
Authors: Patel Dipti , Patel Natubhai 
Published: December 2010

Validated RP-HPLC and TLC methods for simultaneous estimation of tamsulosin hydrochloride and finasteride in combined dosage formsReversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods have been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of tamsulosin hydrochloride and finasteride in bulk drug and in combined dosage forms. RP-HPLC separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18column using methanol/0.02 mol L-1ammonium acetate buffer/triethylamine (79.9 + 20 + 0.1,V/V/V) (pH 9.2) as mobile phase. TLC separation was achieved on an aluminium-backed layer of silica gel 60 F254using toluene/methanol/triethylamine (9 + 1.5 + 1,V/V/V) as eluent. Quantification was achieved with photodiode array (PDA) detection at 235 nm over the concentration range 0.5-16 and 1-50 μg mL-1with mean recovery of 99.8 ± 0.9 and 100.0 ± 0.8% for tamsulosin hydrochloride and finasteride, respectively, by the RP-HPLC method. Quantification was achieved with UV detection at 270 nm over the concentration range 100-2000 ng per spot and 250-5000 ng per spot with mean recovery of 98.9 ± 0.9 and 99.6 ± 0.7 % for tamsulosin hydrochloride and finasteride, respectively, by the TLC method. Both methods are simple, precise, accurate and sensitive and are applicable to the simultaneous determination of tamsulosin hydrochloride and finasteride in bulk drug and in combined dosage forms.
Thermovision determination of the furnace chamber environment temperature using the technical blackbody model
Authors: Wyczółkowski Rafał , Musiał Dorota 
Published: December 2010

Thermovision determination of the furnace chamber environment temperature using the technical blackbody model
The article describes the methodology for the determination of ambient temperature for thermovision measurements. The adopted methodology consists in the use of the technical blackbody model. Determining the value of the ambient temperature parameter makes it possible to enhance the accuracy of temperature measurement of objects exposed to strong irradiation using a thermovision camera.
Thermal analysis of car air conditioning
Authors: Trzebiński Daniel , Szczygieł Ireneusz 
Published: December 2010

Thermal analysis of car air conditioningThermodynamic analysis of car air cooler is presented in this paper. Typical refrigerator cycles are studied. The first: with uncontrolled orifice and non controlled compressor and the second one with the thermostatic controlled expansion valve and externally controlled compressor. The influence of the refrigerant decrease and the change of the air temperature which gets to exchangers on the refrigeration efficiency of the system; was analysed. Also, its effectiveness and the power required to drive the compressor were investigated. The impact of improper refrigerant charge on the performance of air conditioning systems was also checked.
FPGA Adaptive Predistorter Based on 64QAM Modulation
Authors: Pochmara Janusz , Katarzyński Piotr 
Published: December 2010

FPGA Adaptive Predistorter Based on 64QAM ModulationThis paper presents a predistortion technique compensating for nonlinear distortions caused by HPA (High Power Amplifier) in a QAM (Multilevel Quadrature Modulation) system. Investigations were held both with software and hardware tools. It is confirmed by computer simulation that proposed approach produces a faster convergence speed than traditional computer performed algorithms. Predistortion technique based on programmable logic device is a very attractive from the implementation point of view, because of a low amount of required RAM and rapid convergence from a blind start.
A Procedure for Quasi-Equiripple Linear-Phase IIR Filters Design
Authors: Konopacki Jacek , Mościńska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2010

A Procedure for Quasi-Equiripple Linear-Phase IIR Filters DesignThe linear-phase IIR filters are described in many cases, mainly due to distortion-free transmission of signals. One of the major problems of IIR filter design is stability, which can be obtained with suitable value of group delay τ. This paper concerns calculation of filter orderNand group delay τ in case of quasi-equiripple design of IIR filters. We propose a novel procedure for determiningNand τ values; the procedure is valid for all types of filters with arbitrary number of zeros and a few non-zero poles. Evaluation of the proposed approach as well as examples illustrating its application are provided in the paper.