bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of long‐wave radiation fields and the response of a GCM to water‐vapour continuum absorption
Authors: Wenyizhong  , Haigh Joanna D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA wide‐band radiation model has been used to assess the impact of various models of the water‐vapour continuum on the infrared radiation fields of a three‐dimensional clear‐sky climatology and also on the climate of a general‐circulation model with fixed sea surface temperatures. The radiation model uses the emissivity method based on narrow‐band model and line‐by‐line transmittance calculations with four different continuum models: (a) a mainly window region, based on empirical fitting and ‘dimer’ method, (b) an implementation of the line‐wings method CKD‐0, (c) an implementation of the updated CKD version 2.2 and (d) CKD‐2.2 with a stronger temperature dependence in the window region based on aircraft and satellite measurements. The CKD methods decrease outgoing long‐wave radiation by about 5 W m‐2 and increase downward radiation at the surface by about 3.5 W m‐2 in the clear‐sky climatology. The difference between the CKD versions is less than 0.5 W m‐2 in both fields. The stronger temperature dependence causes only a small further decrease in outgoing long‐wave radiation but a further 2.5 W m‐2 in downward radiation at the surface. The spectral composition of all these changes, and its impact on the latitude‐height heating‐rate structure, is discussed. The changes in the radiation fields of the GCM are consistent with those shown in the clear‐sky climatology but the decrease in static stability, caused by the heating‐rate changes, results in modifications to the strength of the Hadley cells, mid‐latitude eddy heat transport, relative humidity and surface sensible and latent‐heat fluxes.
A generalized linear model approach to designing accelerated life test experiments
Authors: Monroe Eric M. , Pan Rong , Anderson‐Cook Christine M. , Montgomery Douglas C. , Borror Connie M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOptimal experimental design practices are prominent in many applications. This paper proposes an alternate way of computing the information matrix, a key consideration in planning an accelerated life test. The generalized linear model approach allows optimal designs to be computed using iteratively weighted least‐square solutions versus a maximum likelihood method. This approach is demonstrated with an assumed exponential distribution and allows the practitioner to observe the underlying structure of the optimal experimental design matrix and its relationship to important factors such as censoring and a nonlinear response function. Optimality criteria are discussed for both parameter estimation and prediction variance at an intended usage condition, which is typically outside the feasible accelerated test region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model‐based approach for attribute gauge analysis
Authors: Vágó Emese , Kemény Sándor 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new method is proposed for the attribute gauge study. A mathematical model based on the Gauge Performance Curve (GPC) is introduced and the connection between the model parameters and gauge characteristics is discussed. The ability of the whole measurement system (the process and the gauge together) is characterized by two key probabilities: the probability of a rejected part being good and the probability of an accepted part being bad. These probabilities can be calculated either with the proposed mathematical model of GPC (GPC‐method) or by using relative frequencies (AIAG‐type method). The performance of the two approaches has been compared, and the proposed GPC‐method is proven to be statistically favourable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile measurement of polymer film thickness ranging from nanometer to micrometer scale using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Hong Xiaodong , Gan Yang , Wang You 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAs many properties of polymer thin films critically depend on their thickness, a convenient and cost‐effective method for precise measurement of film thickness in a wide range is highly desirable. Here, we present a method which enables polymer film thickness, ranging from nanometer to micrometer scale, to be facilely determined by measuring the height of an artificially created film step on smooth substrates with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three polymeric films (polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene) films), spin‐coated on either mica or quartz substrate with thickness ranging from 5.7 nm to 4.4 µm, were employed to demonstrate the procedure and feasibility of our method. The proposed method is particularly suitable for thicker polymer films, thus complementing the traditional AFM ‘tip‐scratch’ method which is generally limited to polymer films of no more than 100 nm thickness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on 172‐nm vacuum ultraviolet light surface modifications of polydimethylsiloxane for micro/nanofluidic applications
Authors: Yamamoto Takatoki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, we developed a technique for modifying the surface of the silicone elastomer Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by 172‐nm wavelength vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light exposure. Such materials have high potential for application to micro/nanofluidic devices if their surface properties can be adequately controlled. The hydrophilicity, zeta potential and bonding strength of the VUV‐exposed surfaces were investigated and compared to surfaces exposed to conventional vacuum oxygen plasma. It was found that the proposed technique was effective at modifying the surface conditions from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, increasing the zeta potential, and allowing good bonding to glass. The time required to produce the maximum bonding strength was found to be similar to that for vacuum oxygen plasma exposure. However, since VUV exposure does not require the creation of a vacuum, it offers a faster turnaround, making it suitable for mass production. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of ionic environment on the interfacial interactions between α‐amylase and polyether sulphone membranes
Authors: Salgın Sema 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis work reports a systematic study on the effects of ionic environment on the adsorption of α‐amylase on 30 kDa polyether sulphone (PES) membranes on the basis of interfacial interaction of PES membrane and α‐amylase enzyme in solution. Static adsorption of α‐amylase was investigated at the solution pH values of pH = 4.5, 5.6 and 7.0; and for the ionic strengths of 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 M KCl. The maximum adsorption occurred at the pH value below the isoelectric point (IEP) of the enzyme, whereas the minimum adsorption occurred at the IEP (pH = 5.6) of amylase. With increasing ionic strength, the adsorbed enzyme on the membrane decreased. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were evaluated depending on ionic environment. To determine the steps affecting the adsorption mechanism, the experimental data were evaluated using pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models. The experimental data fitted well the pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. To detect the structural changes which occurred, membrane surfaces were analyzed by FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy. The effects of ionic environment on amylase activity were also investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parametric and comparative study of spandrel beam effect on the punching shear strength of reinforced concrete flat plates
Authors: Doh Jeung‐Hwan , Guan Hong , Kim Taewan 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThe safe and efficient construction of reinforced concrete flat plate systems requires an accurate, reliable and universally applicable procedure for the punching shear strength design. A nonlinear layered finite element method (LFEM) capable of analysing the punching shear strength of such system has been developed. Based on the LFEM, a parametric study is undertaken to evaluate some of the factors influencing punching shear strength of reinforced concrete flat palate with spandrel beams. This is done by varying the depth and the width of the spandrel beam while keeping other variables constant. The numerical results obtained by the LFEM are also compared with those predicted by the recommendations of the Australian Standard (AS3600‐2009) and the Wollongong‐Griffith (W‐G) semi‐empirical method. The results confirm that the Australian Standard is inadequate in predicting the punching shear strength at the corner and edge column connections of flat plates with spandrel beams or torsion strips. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy efficient MAC protocol for delay‐sensitive data transmission over wireless sensor network
Authors: Oh Hyung Rai , Song Hwangjun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an energy efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol for delay‐sensitive data transmission over wireless sensor network. In general, energy consumption and delay depend on channel monitoring interval (CMI) and data sensing period at each sensor node. Based on this fact, we propose a new preamble structure to effectively advertise CMI and avoid the overhearing problem. In order to pursue an effective tradeoff between energy consumption and delay, we also develop a CMI determining algorithm that searches for a sub‐optimal solution with a low computational complexity in a distributive way. Finally, experimental results are provided to compare the proposed MAC protocol with existing sensor MAC protocols. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐Diketiminate Stabilized Magnesium Hydroxide, Heterobimetallic, and Halide Complexes: Synthesis and X‐ray Structural Studies
Authors: Nembenna Sharanappa , Singh Sanjay , Sen Sakya S. , Roesky Herbert W. , Ott Holger , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe controlled hydrolysis of heteroleptic magnesium amide, LMgN(SiMe3)2 (L = CH[C(Me)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]2) with water afforded the corresponding hydroxide [LMg(OH)·THF]2 as air and moisture sensitive compound. The presence of a sterically bulky β‐diketiminate ligand prevents the self‐condensation reaction of this hydroxide complex. Single crystal X‐ray analysis shows that the hydroxide is dimeric in the solid state. Reaction of the magnesium amide or LMg(Me)·OEt2 with LAlMe(OH) generates the heterobimetallic species containing the Mg–O–Al moiety. Additionally, the reaction of methylmagnesiumchloride with the free ligand leads to complex L′MgCl (L′ = CH[Et2NCH2CH2N(CMe)]2). As revealed by the crystal structure, L′MgCl is a solvent free monomeric magnesium chloride complex that is analogues to the Grignard reagent.
Economic Hardship, Neighborhood Context, and Parenting: Prospective Effects on Mexican–American Adolescent's Mental Health
Authors: Gonzales Nancy A. , Coxe Stefany , Roosa Mark W. , White Rebecca M. B. , Knight George P. , Zeiders Katharine H. , Saenz Delia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study examined family and neighborhood influences relevant to low‐income status to determine how they combine to predict the parenting behaviors of Mexican–American mothers and fathers. The study also examined the role of parenting as a mediator of these contextual influences on adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Study hypotheses were examined in a diverse sample of Mexican–American families in which 750 mothers and 467 fathers reported on their own levels of parental warmth and harsh parenting. Family economic hardship, neighborhood familism values, and neighborhood risk indicators were all uniquely associated with maternal and paternal warmth, and maternal warmth mediated the effects of these contextual influences on adolescent externalizing symptoms in prospective analyses. Parents' subjective perceptions of neighborhood danger interacted with objective indicators of neighborhood disadvantage to influence maternal and paternal warmth. Neighborhood familism values had unique direct effects on adolescent externalizing symptoms in prospective analyses, after accounting for all other context and parenting effects.
Beckwith-Wiedemann-Syndrom
Authors: Prawitt D. , Enklaar T. , Zabel B. 
Published: November 2010

ZusammenfassungDas Beckwith-Wiedemann-Syndrom (BWS) ist ein pädiatrisches Überwuchssyndrom mit variablem klinischem Erscheinungsbild. Obwohl die betroffenen Kinder mit zunehmendem Alter immer normaler aussehen, ist es wichtig, die Diagnose BWS zu stellen. Gründe sind mögliche syndromspezifische Komplikationen, insbesondere ein 400-fach erhöhtes Risiko der Patienten, an bestimmten embryonalen Tumoren – Nephroblastome (Wilms-Tumoren), Hepatoblastome u. a. – innerhalb der ersten Lebensjahre zu erkranken. Klinisch überlappt das BWS mit anderen Krankheitsentitäten, sodass eine eindeutige molekulargenetische Diagnostik zur Risikoabschätzung und adäquaten Therapie wünschenswert ist. Molekular ist das BWS mit der Chromosomenregion 11p15.5 assoziiert, einer Region in der es 2 Cluster von Genen gibt, die dem genomischen Imprinting unterliegen. Bei den Patienten lassen sich Sequenzabweichungen in bestimmten Genen finden, die Mehrzahl weisen aber DNA-Methylierungsveränderungen auf, welche die Gendosis der funktionell zur Verfügung stehenden, monoallelisch aktiven 11p15.5-Gene pathogen beeinflussen. Zurzeit existiert nur eine sehr unvollständige Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation. Aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten liefern Ansätze, die Ätiopathogenese des Syndroms molekular besser zu verstehen. So werden beispielsweise Interaktionspartner identifiziert, die das Imprinting der 11p15.5-Gene modifizieren und epigenetisch regulieren.
Techniques de contrôle de l’éjaculation dans l’ancienne Chine
Authors: Karamanou M. , Demetriou T. , Liappas I. , Androutsos G. 
Published: November 2010

Résumé
La littérature sexuelle de la Chine ancienne constitue une source inépuisable d’informations sur les méthodes de contrôle de l’éjaculation, qui restent en vigueur à l’heure actuelle et sont à l’origine des techniques préconisées par les sexologues contemporains.
Maidens, fillies and the death of Medusa on a seventh-century pithos
Authors: Topper Kathryn 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA well-known relief pithos in the Louvre (CA 795) shows Perseus confronting a Gorgon whose human torso terminates in the body of a horse. Her equine features have proven difficult to explain, and earlier discussions of the scene have appealed to lost narratives, seventh-century artistic conventions and broad symbolic associations between Gorgons and horses. Focusing on her combination of equine and maidenly characteristics, this article interprets Medusa's unusual form with reference to a series of ancient Greek metaphors connecting maidens, horses and Gorgons. It argues that recognizing the metaphorical logic of the image allows us to understand Medusa's form as a sympathetic comment upon her death, which has parallels in the sacrifices of maidens in Greek art and literature.
Framing the fox: Callimachus' secondIamband its predecessors
Authors: Steiner Deborah 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article treats the figure of the fox that appears as one of the members of the embassy sent by the animals to Zeus in Callimachus' secondIamb. By exploring previous appearances of the fox in the poetic repertoire, I identify a series of Archaic and early Classical works that Callimachus uses by way of ‘intertexts’, and argue that the Hellenistic author draws on the animal's place within the interconnected iambic and fable traditions that inform his poem. Already visible in these earlier texts, and anticipating Callimachus, is a concern with literary as well as ethical polemics.
Conjugal Faithfulness
Authors: Hutchings P. Æ. 
Published: November 2010

‘Faithfulness’ is defined in The Oxford English Dictionary of 1901 in a way that leaves out what one might take as a central paradigm. The OED entry reads, in partFaithfulness … the quality of being faithful.A. Fidelity, loyalty (to a superior or friend) …B. Strict adherence to one's pledged word; honesty, sincerity. …The feudal system, the army, and the rest of such things are provided for in (A) ‘loyalty to a superior …’, and so are friends – after superiors. In (B), commercial interests are satisfactorily covered: ‘strict adherence to one's pledged word, honesty. …’ It is a nice piece of social history: from William the Conqueror to the latter phases of the Industrial Revolution, in two definitions. But a very odd piece of social history, in that conjugal faithfulness, the most existential one that there is, does not rate a mention.
Agreement, Objectivity and the Sentiment of Humanity in Morals
Authors: Cherry Christopher 
Published: November 2010

Fairly recently, I came upon the following passage in a review of a book by Colin M. Turnbull, called The Mountain People:A child dumped on the ground is seized and eaten by a leopard. The mother is delighted; for not only does she no longer have to carry the child about and feed it, but it follows that there is likely to be a gorged leopard near by, a sleepy animal which can easily be killed and eaten. An old woman who has been abandoned falls down the mountainside because she is blind, so a crowd gathers to laugh at the spectacle of her distress. A man about to die of gunshot wounds makes a last request for tea. As he feebly raises it to his lips, it is snatched from him by his sister, who runs away delighted. A child develops intestinal obstruction; so his father calls in the neighbours to enjoy the joke of his distended belly.
Humour, irony and sarcasm in severe Alzheimer's dementia – a corrective to retrogenesis?
Authors: MOOS INGER 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTRetrogenesis is claimed to be the process by which degenerating mechanisms in the brain, as found in Alzheimer's disease (AD), reverse the order of acquisition of functions, including language, in normal child development. In FAST (Functional Assessment Staging of Alzheimer's disease) stages of AD are translated into corresponding developmental ages. Humour, irony and sarcasm are communicative strategies linked to meta-linguistic abilities developed late in childhood. If found in the conversation of people with moderately severe AD according to FAST, this could be an indication of problems in the FAST scale and subsequently in the concept of retrogenesis concerning speech and language abilities. Comprehensive, open-ended, naturalistic conversations between three nursing home residents with moderately severe AD according to FAST and their professional care-givers were analysed with concepts developed in linguistics as to the occurrence of humour, irony and sarcasm. Although the data material was limited, the findings indicate an unexpected communicative competence of the three participants. This is a corrective to retrogenesis and a caveat for poor expectations of intelligible conversations with demented people for professionals and the people they advise. Implications for research strategies and for the general knowledge of communicative competence in AD are addressed in the discussion section, and possible ways of elucidating deterioration of speech and language abilities in AD are suggested.
Hospitalization rates associated with hepatitis B and HIV co-infection, age and sex in a population-based cohort of people diagnosed with hepatitis C
Authors: GIDDING H. F. , AMIN J. , DORE G. J. , LAW M. G. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYTo determine the extent age, sex and co-infection affect morbidity in people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), we performed a population-based study linking HCV notifications in New South Wales, Australia with their hospital (July 2000 to June 2006), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV notification, and death records. Poisson models were used to calculate hospitalization rate ratios (RRs) for all-cause, illicit drug and liver-related admissions. Co-infection RRs were used to estimate attributable risk (AR). The 86 501 people notified with HCV contributed 422 761 person-years of observation; 0·8% had HIV, 3·7% HBV, and 0·04% had both. RRs for males were equal to or lower than for females in younger ages, but higher in older ages (Pfor interaction ⩽0·013). HBV/HIV co-infection resulted in ARs of over 70% for liver disease and 30–60% otherwise. However, at the cohort level the impact was minimal (population ARs 1·3–8·7%). Our findings highlight the importance and success of public health measures, such as needle and syringe exchange programmes, which have helped to minimize the prevalence of co-infection in Australia. The findings also suggest that the age of study participants needs to be considered whenever the burden of HCV-related morbidity is reported by sex. The results are likely to be representative of patterns in hospital-related morbidity for the entire HCV-infected population in Australia and the ARs generalizable to other developed countries.
A calculus for hardware description
Authors: PARK SUNGWOO , IM HYEONSEUNG 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn efforts to overcome the complexity of the syntax and the lack of formal semantics of conventional hardware description languages, a number of functional hardware description languages have been developed. Like conventional hardware description languages, however, functional hardware description languages eventually convert all source programs into netlists, which describe wire connections in hardware circuits at the lowest level and conceal all high-level descriptions written into source programs. We develop a calculus, calledlλ (linear lambda), which may serve as an intermediate functional language just above netlists in the hierarchy of hardware description languages. In order to support higher-order functions,lλ uses a linear type system, which enforces the linear use of variables of function type. The translation oflλ into structural descriptions of hardware circuits is sound and complete in the sense that it maps expressions only to realizable hardware circuits, and that every realizable hardware circuit has a corresponding expression inlλ. To illustrate the use oflλ as a practical intermediate language for hardware description, we design a simple hardware description language that extendslλ with polymorphism, and use it to implement a fast Fourier transform circuit and a bitonic sorting network.
Is Free Will Incompatible with Something or Other?
Authors: Griffiths A. Phillips 
Published: November 2010

Professor Vesey poses the following question:…philosophers talk of ‘free will’ with a view to justifying our engaging in the practice of treating people as responsible for what they do. But why do we feel the need for a justification? It is because they want, also, to engage in the practice of looking for (motor) causes of everything that happens, and feel that the two practices are somehow incompatible? If so, then it is very paradoxical that they should turn to Descartes, and his theory of willing. Descartes' answer to the question ‘What does a person do immediately?’, namely ‘He performs an act of will’, has what I call ‘the incompatibility feature’, whereas Aristotle's answer has not. Why are they not content to say, with Aristotle, that the two practices are compatible, and hence there is no need for a justification?