bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental findings from cone beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region: a descriptive retrospective study
Authors: Price Jeffery B. , Thaw Khin L. , Tyndall Donald A. , Ludlow John B. , Padilla Ricardo J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the type and prevalence of incidental findings from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the maxillofacial region. Findings are divided into those that require (i) intervention/referral, (ii) monitoring, and (iii) no further evaluation.MethodsThree hundred consecutive CBCT scans conducted in the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic from January 1 to August 31, 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Findings were categorized into airway, soft tissue calcifications, bone, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), endodontic, dental developmental, and pathological findings.ResultsA total of 272 scans revealed 881 incidental findings (3.2 findings/scan). The most prevalent was airway findings (35%) followed by soft tissue calcifications (20%), bone (17.5%), TMJ (15.4%), endodontic (11.3%), dental developmental (0.7%), and pathological (0.1%). 16.1% required intervention/referral, 15.6% required monitoring, and the remainder (68.3%) required neither.ConclusionThis study underscores the need to thoroughly examine all CBCT volumes for clinically significant findings within and beyond the region of interest.
Role of anti‐β1 adrenergic antibodies from patients with periodontitis in cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Segovia Marcela , Ganzinelli Sabrina , Reina Silvia , Borda Enri , Sterin‐Borda Leonor 
Published: September 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 242–248Background:  The presence of serum autoantibodies against β1 adrenoreceptors (β1‐ARs) in human gingival fibroblast from patients with periodontitis inhibits primary cell‐specific growth and induces over‐expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators. Serum β1‐AR autoantibodies from patients with periodontitis react with myocardium and modify cardiac contractility. The relationship between the presence of serum β1‐AR autoantibodies and alterations in heart rate variability (HRV) was also studied.Methods:  An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using cardiac and gingival fibroblast membranes or synthetic peptides corresponding to the second extracellular loop of human β1‐AR was used to detect serum autoantibodies. The HRV was assessed from RR interval files generated from 22:00 to 08:00 hours. The autoantibody effects on contractility were measured on spontaneous rat isolated atria.Results:  Circulating autoantibodies from 36 patients with periodontitis and 20 healthy individuals (controls) interacted with fibroblasts, the cardiac surface, and β1‐AR synthetic peptides. The distributions of serum antibodies against gingival and myocardium membranes and β1‐AR synthetic peptide were 88.8%, 77.7%, and 92.8%, respectively. Moreover, 88.5% of patients with periodontitis whose sera were positive against β1‐AR synthetic peptide had decreased HRV. The corresponding affinity‐purified anti‐β1‐AR peptide IgG displayed partial agonist‐like activity modifying the isolated atria contractility.Conclusion:  This manuscript describes that patients with periodontitis showed increased levels of serum IgG with reactive activity against β1‐AR. Those patients demonstrated decrease in heart rate, and IgG derived from their sera induced aberrant contractility of heart atrium. We propose that periodontitis increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, although it increases anti‐β1‐AR autoantibody that alters myocardial contractility.
Bisphosphonates‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a concise review of the literature and a report of a single‐centre experience with 151 patients
Authors: Vescovi Paolo , Merigo Elisabetta , Meleti Marco , Manfredi Maddalena , Guidotti Rebecca , Nammour Samir 
Published: September 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 214–221The osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) is an adverse side effect of long‐term bisphosphonate therapy (BPT) firstly described in 2003. The aetiology of BRONJ remains unknown, and the pathogenesis seems multifactorial and related to several local or general factors. Many expert panel developed preventive protocols to facilitate specialists involved in the multidisciplinary management of BRONJ patients. In this paper, we present a concise review of the literature, and we report the experience of the University of Parma with 151 patients that assumed BPT for both oncological (121 patients) and non‐oncological (30 patients) diseases. One hundred and thirty‐nine BRONJ sites were treated with different approaches (surgical and non‐surgical, laser‐assisted and non‐laser‐assisted): in terms of clinical improvement, a statistically significant difference was found between the group treated with the only medical therapy; in terms of complete healing, the introduction in the treatment protocols of both laser‐assisted approach and surgical approach improves the therapeutical results.
Intervention fidelity: Ensuring application to practice for youth and families
Authors: Faulkner Melissa Spezia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose.  Limited information on intervention fidelity is available in published studies with youth and families. The components of intervention fidelity, the complexity of measurement in these studies, and strategies for measuring intervention fidelity are described.Conclusions.  Strategies for ensuring intervention fidelity according to the Treatment Fidelity Workgroup of the Behavior Change Consortium in the areas of study design, provider training, treatment delivery, treatment receipt, and treatment enactment provide guidance for evaluating or developing intervention fidelity plans.Practice Implications.  Ensuring the quality of intervention fidelity in evidence‐based reviews or when developing new interventions is essential for translating findings into practice.
100 years of microbial electricity production: three concepts for the future
Authors: Arends Jan B. A. , Verstraete Willy 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBioelectrochemical systems (BES) have been explored according to three main concepts: to produce energy from organic substrates, to generate products and to provide specific environmental services. In this work, by using an engineering approach, biological conversion rates are calculated for BES resp. anaerobic digestion. These rates are compared with currents produced by chemical batteries and chemical fuel cells in order to position BES in the ‘energy’‐market. To evaluate the potential of generating various products, the biochemistry behind the biological conversion rates is examined in relation to terminal electron transfer molecules. By comparing kinetics rather than thermodynamics, more insight is gained in the biological bottlenecks that hamper a BES. The short‐term future for BES research and its possible application is situated in smart niches in sustainable environmental development, i.e. in processes where no large currents or investment cost intensive reactors are needed to obtain the desired results. Some specific examples are identified.
Rapid Reversal of Anticoagulation Prevents Excessive Secondary Hemorrhage After Thrombolysis in a Thromboembolic Model in Rats
Authors: Sun Li , Zhou Wei , Ploen Robert , Heiland Sabine , Zorn Markus , Veltkamp Roland 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
Thrombolysis is the only approved therapy for ischemic stroke, but secondary hemorrhage is a severe complication. Because oral anticoagulants are believed to increase the risk of hemorrhage, thrombolysis is usually contraindicated in patients on vitamin K antagonists. We studied whether thrombolysis in a thromboembolic middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats pretreated with warfarin increases secondary hemorrhage, and whether substitution of coagulation factors before thrombolysis prevents hemorrhagic complications.

Methods—
Wistar rats were anticoagulated using warfarin in drinking water (0.4 mg/kg per 24 hours). Strength of anticoagulation was monitored using benchside international normalized ratio (INR) coagulometry. Two hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (9 mg/kg) was administered. Two of 5 groups of animals received prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC, 50 U/kg) 15 minutes before thrombolysis. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed 20 minutes, 2.5 hours, and 24 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Secondary hemorrhage was quantified on T2* magnetic resonance images as previously established.

Results—
Severity of hypoperfusion on initial perfusion-weighted imaging –magnetic resonance did not differ among groups. Thrombolysis resulted in successful reperfusion in all groups. Anticoagulated animals had significantly more secondary hemorrhage and a higher mortality rate compared with nonanticoagulated animals. PCC rapidly reversed the increased international normalized ratio. Although PCC failed to prevent hemorrhage in the strongly anticoagulated, it reduced the incidence of severe hemorrhage in moderately anticoagulated rats (INR, 2–3) to the level of nonanticoagulated controls.

Conclusions—
Preceding anticoagulation increases risk and extent of secondary hemorrhage after thrombolysis. Reversal of moderate anticoagulation using PCC may allow thrombolytic therapy without increasing the risk of secondary hemorrhage.
Validation of the Stroke Prognostic Instrument-II in a Large, Modern, Community-Based Cohort of Ischemic Stroke Survivors
Authors: Navi Babak B. , Kamel Hooman , Sidney Stephen , Klingman Jeffrey G. , Nguyen-Huynh Mai N. , Johnston S. Claiborne 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
The risk of recurrent stroke in the modern era of secondary stroke prevention is not well defined. Several prediction models, including the Stroke Prognostic Instrument-II (SPI-II), have been created to identify patients at highest risk, but their performance in modern populations has been infrequently tested. We aimed to assess the 1-year risk of recurrence after hospital discharge in a recent, large, community-based cohort of patients with ischemic stroke and to validate the SPI-II prediction model in this cohort.

Methods—
From 2004 through 2006, 5575 patients with acute ischemic stroke were prospectively identified and followed for recurrent events. Kaplan-Meier statistics were used to analyze the cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke. Harrell c-statistic was calculated to determine the performance of SPI-II in predicting stroke or death at 1 year, and the log-rank test was used to compare the differences among low-, middle-, and high-risk groups.

Results—

Among 5575 patients with ischemic stroke, recurrence was observed in 221 during the subsequent year. Kaplan-Meier estimates of cumulative rates of recurrent stroke were 2.5%, 3.6%, and 4.8% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Rates of stroke or death for SPI-II in the low-, middle-, and high-risk groups were 8.2%, 24.5%, and 35.6%, respectively (trend,
P
=0.001). The c-statistic for SPI-II was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.61–0.64).

Conclusions—
The modern 1-year rate of recurrent stroke after hospital discharge is low but still substantial at 4.8%. SPI-II is a modestly effective tool in identifying patients with ischemic stroke at highest risk of developing recurrence or death.
Crossed Ataxia
Authors: Bally Julien , Mégevand Pierre , Nguyen Duy , Landis Theodor , Granziera Cristina 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
Ever since the seminal description of ataxic hemiparesis contralateral to a pontine lesion by Miller-Fisher, the question of why contralesional crossing pontocerebellar fibers do not more frequently produce ipsilesional hemiataxia was raised. The few cases of “quadrataxic hemiparesis” or bilateral leg ataxia remain exceptions.

Summary of Case—
We report an even more unusual variant, namely “crossed ataxia” of the contralesional arm and the ipsilesional leg subsequent to an anteromedial pontine ischemic stroke.

Conclusions—
MRI diffusion tensor imaging tractography shows that caudal contralesional crossing pontocerebellar fibers (those for the leg) travel trough the lesion, whereas more rostral fibers (those for the arm) are spared.
Traditional Risk Factors as the Underlying Cause of Racial Disparities in Stroke
Authors: Howard George , Cushman Mary , Kissela Brett M. , Kleindorfer Dawn O. , McClure Leslie A. , Safford Monika M. , Rhodes J. David , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Moy Claudia S. , Judd Suzanne E. , Howard Virginia J. 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
Black/white disparities in stroke incidence are well documented, but few studies have assessed the contributions to the disparity. Here we assess the contribution of “traditional” risk factors.

Methods—
A total of 25 714 black and white men and women, aged ≥45 years and stroke-free at baseline, were followed for an average of 4.4 years to detect stroke. Mediation analysis using proportional hazards analysis assessed the contribution of traditional risk factors to racial disparities.

Results—
At age 45 years, incident stroke risk was 2.90 (95% CI: 1.72–4.89) times more likely in blacks than in whites and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.34–2.07) times at age 65 years. Adjustment for risk factors attenuated these excesses by 40% and 45%, respectively, resulting in relative risks of 2.14 (95% CI: 1.25–3.67) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.08–1.71). Approximately one half of this mediation is attributable to systolic blood pressure. Further adjustment for socioeconomic factors resulted in total mediation of 47% and 53% to relative risks of 2.01 (95% CI: 1.16–3.47) and 1.30 (1.03–1.65), respectively.

Conclusions—
Between ages 45 to 65 years, approximately half of the racial disparity in stroke risk is attributable to traditional risk factors (primarily systolic blood pressure) and socioeconomic factors, suggesting a critical need to understand the disparity in the development of these traditional risk factors. Because half of the excess stroke risk in blacks is not attributable to traditional risk factors and socioeconomic factors, differential impact of risk factors, residual confounding, or nontraditional risk factors may also play a role.
Plasma α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Predicts Outcome in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zierath Dannielle , Tanzi Pat , Cain Kevin , Shibata Dean , Becker Kyra 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is an endogenously produced neuropeptide derived from the same precursor as adrenocorticotropic hormone. α-MSH has profound immunomodulatory properties and may also be neuroprotective. Nothing is known about α-MSH and changes in its plasma concentrations in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
In this prospective observational study, plasma concentrations of α-MSH, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and interleukin 6 were assessed longitudinally over the course of 1 year after stroke onset in 111 patients. Logistic regression was used to the effect of initial plasma α-MSH, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and interleukin 6 on long-term outcome.

Results—
There was an early decrease in plasma α-MSH in patients with severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥17) that normalized over the course of the year; these same patients evidenced elevations in plasma cortisol and interleukin 6. Higher initial plasma α-MSH, but not adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, or interleukin 6, was independently predictive of good long-term outcome.

Conclusions—
This research is the first to study endogenous changes in plasma α-MSH after stroke. The independent effect of early plasma α-MSH on stroke outcome, as well as a growing body of experimental data demonstrating improved stroke outcome with exogenous α-MSH administration, suggests a potential therapeutic role for α-MSH in the treatment of stroke.
Oxytocin Mediates Social Neuroprotection After Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Karelina Kate , Stuller Kathleen A. , Jarrett Brant , Zhang Ning , Wells Jackie , Norman Greg J. , DeVries A. Courtney 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
The reduced incidence, morbidity, and mortality of stroke among humans with strong social support have been well-documented; however, the mechanisms underlying these socially mediated phenomena remain unknown, but may involve oxytocin (OT), a hormone that modulates some aspects of social behavior in humans and other animals.

Methods—
In the present study, adult male mice were socially isolated (housed individually) or socially paired (housed with an ovariectomized female); social pairing increased hypothalamic OT gene expression. To determine whether a causal relationship exists between increased OT and improved stroke outcome, mice were treated with exogenous OT or OT receptor antagonist beginning 1 week before induction of experimental stroke via middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Results—
Relative to social isolation, social housing attenuated infarct size, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress following experimental stroke; the neuroprotective effect of social housing was eliminated by receptor antagonist treatment. In contrast, administration of OT to socially isolated mice reproduced the neuroprotection conferred by social housing. We further report evidence for a direct suppressive action of OT on cultured microglia, which is a key instigator in the development of neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia.

Conclusions—
These findings support the hypothesis that OT mediates the neuroprotective effect of social interaction on stroke outcome.
Late-Phase Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Reflects Biological Features of Instability in Human Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Shalhoub Joseph , Monaco Claudia , Owen David R.J. , Gauthier Thomas , Thapar Ankur , Leen Edward L.S. , Davies Alun H. 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
Development of translational functional imaging modalities for atherosclerosis risk stratification is sought for stroke prediction. Our group has developed late-phase contrast-enhanced ultrasound (LP-CEUS) to quantify microbubble contrast retention within carotid atherosclerosis and shown it to separate asymptomatic plaques from those responsible for recent cerebrovascular events. We hypothesized that microbubbles are retained in areas of plaque inflammation, aiming to examine whether LP-CEUS signal reflects plaque biology.

Methods—
Subjects awaiting carotid endarterectomy (n=31) underwent axial LP-CEUS and diseased intimal segments were symmetrically divided in the long axis. Half-specimens underwent quantitative immunohistochemical analysis for CD68 (macrophages) and CD31 (angiogenesis). Half-specimens were processed for atheroma cell culture and supernatant collected at 24 hours for multianalyte profiling for 34 analytes.

Results—

Percentage area immunopositivity was significantly higher in subjects in which normalized plaque late-phase intensity was ≥0 versus <0 (CD68 mean 11.8 versus 6.68,
P
=0.004; CD31 mean 9.45 versus 4.82,
P
=0.025). Interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 were significantly higher by multianalyte profiling when LP-CEUS was ≥0.

Conclusions—
LP-CEUS reflects biological features of inflammation and angiogenesis, key features predisposing to plaque rupture. Further investigation of LP-CEUS as a tissue-specific marker of inflammation for risk stratification of carotid atherosclerosis is warranted.
A Numerical Study of Urban Aerosol Impacts on Clouds and Precipitation
Authors: Han Ji-Young , Baik Jong-Jin , Khain Alexander P. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The impacts of urban aerosols on clouds and precipitation are investigated using a spectral (bin) microphysics cloud model. For this purpose, extensive numerical experiments with various aerosol concentrations are performed under different environmental moisture conditions. To take into account the urban heat island and urban air pollution, it is considered that there is low-level heating in the urban area and that the aerosol concentration in the urban area is higher than that in the surrounding rural area. Simulation results show that a low-level updraft induced by the urban heat island leads to the formation of a low-level cloud and then a deep convective cloud downwind of the urban area. The onset of precipitation produced by the low-level cloud is delayed at higher aerosol concentrations. This is because when the aerosol concentration is high, a narrow drop size distribution results in a suppressed collision–coalescence process and hence in late raindrop formation. However, after the deep convective cloud develops, a higher aerosol concentration generally leads to the development of a stronger convective cloud. This is mainly due to increased release of latent heat resulting from the enhanced condensation process with increasing aerosol concentration. The low collision efficiency of smaller cloud drops and the resulting stronger updraft at higher aerosol concentrations result in higher liquid water content at higher levels, leading to the enhanced riming process to produce large ice particles. The melting of a larger amount of hail leads to precipitation enhancement downwind of the urban area with increasing urban aerosol concentration in all moisture environments considered.
New daily persistent headache: Should migrainous features be incorporated?
Authors: Peng Kuan-Po , Fuh Jong-Ling , Yuan Hsiang-Kuo , Shia Ben-Chang , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: September 2011

Introduction: International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2) criteria for new daily persistent headache (NDPH) require tension-type headache features. Many patients with ‘new-onset persistent’ headache fail to fulfil such criteria due to prominent migrainous features. Subjects and methods: We reviewed all NDPH patients in our headache clinic, using the definition of persistent headache < 3 days after onset for > 3 months. The patients were dichotomised: patients meeting ICHD-2 criteria (NDPH-S) and patients failing to meet ICHD-2 criteria due to prominent migrainous features (NDPH-M). All patients had completed a structured intake form including demographics, headache profiles, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey, and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). A telephone interview was conducted for follow-up. Results: A total of 92 NDPH patients were enrolled (59 (64.1%) NDPH-M, 33 (35.9%) NDPH-S). Between the two subgroups, the sociodemographics were indistinguishable, but the patients with NDPH-M had higher headache intensity, BDI scores, MIDAS scores, and lower scores of most SF-36 subscales. After an average of 2 years of follow-up, 57 (66%) had a good outcome (≥ 50% reduction in headache frequency). Cox proportional analysis showed that disease duration ≤ 6 months and NDPH-S diagnosis predicted good outcomes. Conclusion: Migrainous features were common in patients with NDPH. Unlike prior studies, our study showed NDPH-M represented a more severe subgroup with a poorer outcome compared with NDPH-S.