bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute caffeine ingestion enhances strength performance and reduces perceived exertion and muscle pain perception during resistance exercise
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Stanley Michelle , Parkhouse Natalie , Cook Kathryn , Smith Mike 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe efficacy of caffeine ingestion in enhancing aerobic performance is well established. However, despite suggestions that caffeine may enhance resistance exercise performance, research is equivocal on the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on resistance exercise performance. It has also been suggested that dampened perception of perceived exertion and pain perception might be an explanation for any possible enhancement of resistance exercise performance due to caffeine ingestion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of caffeine ingestion on repetitions to failure, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle pain perception during resistance exercise to failure. Eleven resistance trained individuals (9 males, 2 females, mean age±SD=26.4±6.4 years), took part in this double‐blind, randomised cross‐over experimental study whereby they ingested a caffeinated (5 mg kg−1) or placebo solution 60 minutes before completing a bout of resistance exercise. Experimental conditions were separated by at least 48 hours. Resistance exercise sessions consisted of bench press, deadlift, prone row and back squat exercise to failure at an intensity of 60% 1 repetition maximum. Results indicated that participants completed significantly greater repetitions to failure, irrespective of exercise, in the presence of caffeine (p=0.0001). Mean±S.D of repetitions to failure was 19.6±3.7 and 18.5±4.1 in caffeine and placebo conditions, respectively. There were no differences in peak heart rate or peak blood lactate values across conditions (both p >0.05). RPE was significantly lower in the caffeine compared to the placebo condition (p=0.03) and was significantly higher during lower body exercises compared to upper body exercises irrespective of substance ingested (p=0.0001). For muscle pain perception, a significant condition by exercise interaction (p=0.027) revealed that muscle pain perception was lower in the caffeine condition, irrespective of exercise. With caffeine, pain perception was significantly higher in the deadlift and back squat compared to the bench press. However, with placebo, pain perception was significantly higher for the deadlift and back squat compared to the prone row only. Therefore, acute caffeine ingestion not only enhances resistance exercise performance to failure but also reduces perception of exertion and muscle pain.
A molecular linkage map for Drosophila mediopunctata confirms synteny with Drosophila melanogaster and suggests a region that controls the variation in the number of abdominal spots
Authors: Laborda P. R. , Gazaffi R. , Garcia A. A. F. , de Souza A. P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe classic approach to gene discovery relies on the construction of linkage maps. We report the first molecular‐based linkage map for Drosophila mediopunctata, a neotropical species of the tripunctata group. Eight hundred F2 individuals were genotyped at 49 microsatellite loci, resulting in a map that is ≈450 centimorgans long. Five linkage groups were detected, and the species' chromosomes were identified through cross‐references to BLASTn searches and Müller elements. Strong synteny was observed when compared with the Drosophila melanogaster chromosome arms, but little conservation in the gene order was seen. The incorporation of morphological data corresponding to the number of central abdominal spots on the map was consistent with the expected location of a genomic region responsible for the phenotype on the second chromosome.
A vision for a biomedical cloud
Authors: Grossman R. L. , White K. P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.Grossman RL, White KP (Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology; The University of Chicago, Chicago) A vision for a biomedical cloud (Key Symposium). J Intern Med 2012; 271: 122–130.We present a vision for a Biomedical Cloud that draws on progress in the fields of Genomics, Systems Biology and biomedical data mining. The successful fusion of these areas will combine the use of biomarkers, genetic variants, and environmental variables to build predictive models that will drastically increase the specificity and timeliness of diagnosis for a wide range of common diseases, whilst delivering accurate predictions about the efficacy of treatment options. However, the amount of data being generated by each of these fields is staggering, as is the task of managing and analysing it. Adequate computing infrastructure needs to be developed to assemble, manage and mine the enormous and rapidly growing corpus of ‘omics’ data along with clinical information. We have now arrived at an intersection point between genome technology, cloud computing and biological data mining. This intersection point provides a launch pad for developing a globally applicable cloud computing platform capable of supporting a new paradigm of data intensive, cloud‐enabled predictive medicine.
Predictive mathematical models of cancer signalling pathways
Authors: Bachmann J. , Raue A. , Schilling M. , Becker V. , Timmer J. , Klingmüller U. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.  Bachmann J, Raue A, Schilling M, Becker V, Timmer J, Klingmüller U (German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg; and University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Germany). Predictive mathematical models of cancer signalling pathways (Key Symposium). J Intern Med 2012; 271:155–165.Complex intracellular signalling networks integrate extracellular signals and convert them into cellular responses. In cancer cells, the tightly regulated and fine‐tuned dynamics of information processing in signalling networks is altered, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation, survival and migration. Systems biology combines mathematical modelling with comprehensive, quantitative, time‐resolved data and is most advanced in addressing dynamic properties of intracellular signalling networks. Here, we introduce different modelling approaches and their application to medical systems biology, focusing on the identifiability of parameters in ordinary differential equation models and their importance in network modelling to predict cellular decisions. Two related examples are given, which include processing of ligand‐encoded information and dual feedback regulation in erythropoietin (Epo) receptor signalling. Finally, we review the current understanding of how systems biology could foster the development of new treatment strategies in the context of lung cancer and anaemia.
Systems medicine and metabolic modelling
Authors: Mardinoglu A. , Nielsen J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.Mardinoglu A, Nielsen J (University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden). Systems medicine and metabolic modelling (Key Symposium). J Intern Med 2012; 271:142–154.Several complex diseases are caused by the malfunction of human metabolism, and deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms can elucidate their aetiology. Systems biology is an integrative approach combining experimental and computational biology to identify and describe the molecular mechanisms of complex biological systems. Systems medicine has the potential to elucidate the onset and progression of complex metabolic diseases through the use of computational approaches. Advances in biotechnology have resulted in the provision of high‐throughput data, which provide information about different metabolic processes. The systems medicine approach can utilize such data to reconstruct genome‐scale metabolic models that can be used to study the function of specific enzymes and pathways in the context of the complete metabolic network. In this review, we outline the importance of genome‐scale models in systems medicine and discuss how they may contribute towards the development of personalized medicine.
Using the reconstructed genome‐scale human metabolic network to study physiology and pathology
Authors: Bordbar A. , Palsson B. O. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.  Bordbar A, Palsson BO (University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA). Using the reconstructed genome‐scale human metabolic network to study physiology and pathology (Key Symposium). J Intern Med 2012; 271: 131–141.Metabolism plays a key role in many major human diseases. Generation of high‐throughput omics data has ushered in a new era of systems biology. Genome‐scale metabolic network reconstructions provide a platform to interpret omics data in a biochemically meaningful manner. The release of the global human metabolic network, Recon 1, in 2007 has enabled new systems biology approaches to study human physiology, pathology and pharmacology. There are currently more than 20 publications that utilize Recon 1, including studies of cancer, diabetes, host–pathogen interactions, heritable metabolic disorders and off‐target drug binding effects. In this mini‐review, we focus on the reconstruction of the global human metabolic network and four classes of its application. We show that computational simulations for numerous pathologies have yielded clinically relevant results, many corroborated by existing or newly generated experimental data.
Systems cancer medicine: towards realization of predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory (P4) medicine
Authors: Tian Q. , Price N. D. , Hood L. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.  Tian Q, Price ND, Hood L (Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA). Systems cancer medicine: towards realization of predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory (P4) medicine (Key Symposium). J Intern Med 2012; 271: 111–121.A grand challenge impeding optimal treatment outcomes for patients with cancer arises from the complex nature of the disease: the cellular heterogeneity, the myriad of dysfunctional molecular and genetic networks as results of genetic (somatic) and environmental perturbations. Systems biology, with its holistic approach to understanding fundamental principles in biology, and the empowering technologies in genomics, proteomics, single‐cell analysis, microfluidics and computational strategies, enables a comprehensive approach to medicine, which strives to unveil the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, identify disease biomarkers and begin thinking about new strategies for drug target discovery. The integration of multidimensional high‐throughput ‘omics’ measurements from tumour tissues and corresponding blood specimens, together with new systems strategies for diagnostics, enables the identification of cancer biomarkers that will enable presymptomatic diagnosis, stratification of disease, assessment of disease progression, evaluation of patient response to therapy and the identification of reoccurrences. Whilst some aspects of systems medicine are being adopted in clinical oncology practice through companion molecular diagnostics for personalized therapy, the mounting influx of global quantitative data from both wellness and diseases is shaping up a transformational paradigm in medicine we termed ‘predictive’, ‘preventive’, ‘personalized’, and ‘participatory’ (P4) medicine, which requires new strategies, both scientific and organizational, to enable bringing this revolution in medicine to patients and to the healthcare system. P4 medicine will have a profound impact on society – transforming the healthcare system, turning around the ever escalating costs of healthcare, digitizing the practice of medicine and creating enormous economic opportunities for those organizations and nations that embrace this revolution.
Pharmacokinetics and preliminary safety evaluation of azithromycin in adult horses
Authors: LECLERE M. , MAGDESIAN K. G. , COLE C. A. , SZABO N. J. , RUBY R. E. , RHODES D. M. , EDMAN J. , VALE A. , WILSON W. D. , TELL L. A. 
Published: December 2011

Leclere, M., Magdesian, K. G., Cole, C. A., Szabo, N. J., Ruby, R. E., Rhodes, D. M., Edman, J., Vale, A., Wilson, W. D., Tell, L. A. Pharmacokinetics and preliminary safety evaluation of azithromycin in adult horses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 541–549.Azithromycin is widely used in foals but has not been studied in adult horses. The goals of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetic profile and to make a preliminary assessment of the safety of azithromycin in adult horses. Azithromycin was administered intravenously (5 mg/kg) and intragastrically (10 mg/kg) to six healthy mares in a crossover design. Serial plasma samples, blood neutrophils, and pulmonary macrophages were collected for the measurement of azithromycin concentrations. Azithromycin was also administered orally (10 mg/kg) once a day for 5 days to five healthy mares for preliminary evaluation of safety in adult horses. The bioavailability of azithromycin following intragastric administration was 45 ± 12%. Concentrations within peripheral neutrophils and bronchoalveolar macrophages were several fold higher than that of plasma. Mild decreases in appetite (n = 3) and alterations in fecal consistency (n = 3) were noted following repeated oral administration. The pharmacokinetic profiles of azithromycin in adult horses, especially the slow elimination rate and intraneutrophil and intrapulmonary macrophage accumulation, demonstrate that it is conducive to use in this age group. Because of the gastrointestinal alterations noted, further studies are warranted before azithromycin can be recommended for use in adult horses.
Conservation genetics of South American aquatic mammals: an overview of gene diversity, population structure, phylogeography, non‐invasive methods and forensics
Authors: de OLIVEIRA Larissa Rosa , LOIZAGA DE CASTRO Rocio , CÁRDENAS‐ALAYZA Susana , BONATTO Sandro Luis 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Most aquatic mammals have high dispersal potential, and there are often severe conservation concerns related to their legal or illegal harvesting. Therefore, economic, social and forensic factors often arise in decisions relating to their population management. Molecular markers are essential tools in modern conservation genetics, revealing previously unknown aspects of aquatic mammal behaviour, natural history, population structure and demography. Molecular markers also have been used to define management units, to recognize taxonomic units, to conduct forensic analyses and to control illegal wildlife trade, providing valuable information for decision‐making in wildlife conservation and management.
We review studies published in peer‐reviewed journals between 1993 and 2010, in which genetic approaches have been applied to conservation‐related issues involving natural populations of 25 species of aquatic mammals in South America. These studies cover just 34% of the 70 aquatic mammal species recorded in South America.
Most of the studies are related to population structure, phylogeography, gene flow and dispersal movements. In addition, recent findings relate to evolutionarily significant units, management units, forensics and conservation policy.
Finally, we look to the future and, based on numbers of studies and conservation concerns, suggest which species, geographic areas and genetic studies should be prioritized. Moreover, we discuss constraints on research and suggest collaborative works that would provide critical information towards the effective conservation and management of aquatic mammals in South America.
H3K36 methylation is critical for brassinosteroid‐regulated plant growth and development in rice
Authors: Sui Pengfei , Jin Jing , Ye Sheng , Mu Chen , Gao Juan , Feng Haiyang , Shen Wen‐Hui , Yu Yu , Dong Aiwu 
Published: December 2011

SummaryMethylation of histone lysine residues plays an essential role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Enzymes involved in establishment of the repressive H3K9 and H3K27 methylation marks have been previously characterized, but the deposition and function of H3K4 and H3K36 methylation remain uncharacterized in rice. Here, we report that rice SDG725 encodes a H3K36 methyltransferase, and its down‐regulation causes wide‐ranging defects, including dwarfism, shortened internodes, erect leaves and small seeds. These defects resemble the phenotypes previously described for some brassinosteroid‐knockdown mutants. Consistently, transcriptome analyses revealed that SDG725 depletion results in down‐regulation by more than two‐fold of over 1000 genes, including D11, BRI1 and BU1, which are known to be involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis or signaling pathways. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed that levels of H3K36me2/3 are reduced in chromatin at some regions of these brassinosteroid‐related genes in SDG725 knockdown plants, and that SDG725 protein is able to directly bind to these target genes. Taken together, our data indicate that SDG725‐mediated H3K36 methylation modulates brassinosteroid‐related gene expression, playing an important role in rice plant growth and development.
Prednisolone therapy for atopic dermatitis is less effective in dogs with lower pretreatment serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations
Authors: Kovalik Marcel , Thoday Keith L. , Berry Jacqueline , van den Broek Adri H. M. , Mellanby Richard J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured in 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis prior to treatment with a standard therapeutic dosage of prednisolone (0.93–1.06 mg/kg) every other day for 5 weeks after 7 days of treatment with the same dosage once daily. The severity of their physical signs was scored before and 6 weeks after prednisolone treatment by the canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index version 3 (CADESI‐03) and the Edinburgh Pruritus Scale (EPS). The 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis that were treated with prednisolone did not have significantly lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D than a group of 36 healthy dogs, and the physical severity of the atopic dermatitis was not correlated to pretreatment serum 25(OH)D concentrations. However, dogs which had a marked improvement of their physical signs, defined by a post‐treatment EPS score of 0 and/or an 85% reduction in CADESI‐03 score, had significantly higher pretreatment serum 25(OH)D concentrations than dogs with a suboptimal response (P = 0.003 and P = 0.03, respectively). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were also measured in a previously published cohort of atopic dogs that were treated with ciclosporin. This cohort of dogs was recruited in a similar time frame to the prednisolone‐treated dogs, and all samples were handled in the same way. In contrast to the prednisolone‐treated dogs, there was no significant difference in 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs that responded optimally to ciclosporin compared with suboptimal responders. Additional studies are required to establish whether vitamin D has a synergistic therapeutic effect with prednisolone in dogs with atopic dermatitis.
Consistency of GINA criteria and childhood asthma control test on the determination of asthma control
Authors: Erkoçoğlu Mustafa , Akan Ayşegül , Civelek Ersoy , Kan Rojdan , Azkur Dilek , Kocabaş Can N. 
Published: December 2011

To cite this article: Erkoçoğlu M, Akan A, Civelek E, Kan R, Azkur D, Kocabaş CN. Consistency of GINA criteria and childhood asthma control test on the determination of asthma control. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2012: 23: 34–39.AbstractBackground:  Reliable assessment of asthma control is essential for effective treatment. Although several methods are used to assess asthma control, it is still suboptimal all over the world. Childhood asthma control test (C‐ACT) is a widely used complementary test in determining the level of asthma control in conjunction with GINA guidelines.Objective:  To evaluate the consistency between the childhood asthma control test (C‐ACT) and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guideline–based asthma control measure in children with asthma and, if present, to investigate the reasons for any discrepancy.Methods:  Patients and their caregivers filled a C‐ACT and a socioeconomic status survey before the physician visit. Asthma control level was also assessed according to GINA criteria by a pediatric allergist who was blinded to C‐ACT scores.Results:  The mean age of the total 314 patients was 9.0 ± 1.9 yr, ranging between 4.3 and 11.8 yr, of whom 56.1% (n = 176) were men. Regarding the study group, 54.8% of patients were controlled according to GINA, and 51.0% of patients were controlled according to C‐ACT (score ≥20). There was inconsistency between GINA and C‐ACT in 26.7% (84/314) of the study group when the patients were evaluated individually (κ = 0.464). There was not any significant variable that could predict the consistency and inconsistency between these methods.Conclusion:  Consistency between GINA and C‐ACT is not as to be expected. Using only one method for determining the control level of asthma does not seem to be reliable and accurate.
Monitoring honeybee venom immunotherapy in children with the basophil activation test
Authors: Žitnik Simona E. K. , Vesel Tina , Avčin Tadej , Šilar Mira , Košnik Mitja , Korošec Peter 
Published: December 2011

To cite this article:Žitnik SEK, Vesel T, Avčin T, Šilar M, Košnik M, Korošec P. Monitoring honeybee venom immunotherapy in children with the basophil activation test. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011 Doi: 10.1111/j.1399‐3038.2011.01233.xAbstractBackground:  New in vitro methods are essential for developing better follow‐up criteria for venom immunotherapy (VIT).Methods:  Thirty‐one children with a history of honeybee venom–induced systemic anaphylaxis were included in this prospective, single‐blinded study. The basophil CD63 activation test (BAT) was assessed before starting VIT, at the end of the build‐up phase (day 5), 6 months later, and after 2–4 yr of VIT.Results:  Basophil CD63 activation test allowed identification of the culprit insect in 74% of honeybee venom–allergic children. In comparison, IgE reactivity was single positive in only 52% of children. Five days after starting VIT, BAT was highly comparable to before VIT. However, after 6 months and further after 2–4 yr of VIT, a significant and approximately fourfold decrease was demonstrated in CD63 response at sub‐maximal 0.1 μg/ml allergen concentration, which mainly represents cellular sensitivity. No such differences were found at a higher 1 μg/ml of allergen concentration. Person‐to‐person analyses showed that after 2–4 yr of VIT, a marked CD63 decrease was evident in 85% of children. In addition, elevated basophil sensitivity measured before VIT was associated with the appearance of side effects observed during the build‐up phase of VIT.Conclusion:  Basophil CD63 allergen–specific sensitivity seems to be a promising tool for monitoring protective immune response in honeybee VIT.