bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position accuracy evaluation of the modernized Polish DGPS
Authors: Dziewicki Marek , Specht Cezary 
Published: March 2010

Position accuracy evaluation of the modernized Polish DGPS
Polish Maritime DGPS system has been modernized to meet the requirements set out in IMO resolution for a future GNSS, but also to preserve backward signal compatibility of user equipment. Having finalized installation of the new technology L1, L2 reference equipment performance tests were performed. This paper presents results of the long-term signal measuring campaign of the DGPS reference station Rozewie, which was performed in July 2009. Final results allowed to verify repeatable and absolute accuracy of the system after the modernization. Obtained statistics were compared to past measurements performed in 2005 when previous system infrastructure was in operation.
Analysis of the Slovak Discourses of Sex Education Inspired by Michel Foucault
Authors: Lukšík Ivan , Marková Dagmar 
Published: March 2010

Analysis of the Slovak Discourses of Sex Education Inspired by Michel Foucault
The aims, rules and topics of sex education exist on paper, but have yet to be implemented in Slovakia. Although the curriculum creates the illusion of openness in this field, the silence on sex education in schools provides space for the alternative, "more valuable" quiet discourses of religious education. Under these conditions, it is silence that is proving to be an advantageous strategy for the majority of those who should be voicing their opinions. Instead, they listen and control. By contrast, those who do speak out, children and young people, do not in fact, speak to them, but mainly among themselves. Those who are silent and listen are not prepared for the younger generations confessions on sexuality, which are mostly taken from the liberal area of media, especially the internet. The silent frequently lack, at the very least, the basic ability to react and debate in this changed situation. Those who are involved in the discussion on sexuality in Slovakia are those who should listen and supervise.
Slovak Academic Philosophy: Its Origins, Development and Current State
Authors: Zigo Milan 
Published: March 2010

Slovak Academic Philosophy: Its Origins, Development and Current State
The paper introduces the foreign reader to the main factors associated with the emergence of Slovak academic philosophy as well as to the ways in which it has developed, and also to those factors that have complicated or delayed its progress since 1921 when the Faculty of Philosophy, along with its Philosophical Seminars, began functioning at the newly-founded University of Comenius (1919), up to the present day.
Investigation into the Potentialities of Quasi-Rectangular Optical Filters in HDWDM Systems
Authors: Bobrovs V. , Ozoliņš O. , Ivanovs Ģ. 
Published: March 2010

Investigation into the Potentialities of Quasi-Rectangular Optical Filters in HDWDM SystemsCurrently, many research topics in the field of optical transmission systems (mostly grounded on novel modulation techniques) are focused on increasing the total data transmission speed of an individual optical fiber. An alternative - but equally valid - approach to increasing the data transmission is to decrease the WDM channel spacing to high-dense dimensions while keeping the existing data transmission speed for an exact channel. We have developed an experimental HDWDM transmission system based on the quasi-rectangular optical filter technique. The results indicate that for 2.5 Gbit/s HDWDM transmission the suitable channel interval should be greater than 25 GHz, and for the 10 Gbit/s HDWDM solution - not less than 37.5 GHz between adjacent channels.
Advantage of Bayesian approach to geotechnical designing
Authors: Garbulewski Kazimierz , Jabłonowski Stanisław , Rabarijoely Simon 
Published: March 2010

Advantage of Bayesian approach to geotechnical designing
The paper addresses the possibility of the Bayesian approach's application to geotechnical engineering. First the principal information on the Bayesian analysis has been presented and its applications to estimate the soil parameters based on the CPT/DMT tests at SGGW Campus in Warsaw afterwards. The CPT/DMT tests had been carried out in order to recognize the geotechnical conditions in the foundations of design campus buildings. The data from two layers of glacial boulder clays have been analysed. The results demonstrate that the Bayesian approach is a useful tool in evaluation of ground properties and estimation of the geotechnical parameters in specified circumstances.
Quality changes of drinking water in the water supply network (case study from Lithuania)
Authors: Valentukeviciene Marina , Amosenkiene Aukse , Dauknys Regimantas 
Published: March 2010

Quality changes of drinking water in the water supply network (case study from Lithuania)
The purpose of this research was to examine water quality changes by distributing in to the water supply network. Water samples were collected from Varena town (Lithuania) drinking water distribution system fed by groundwater from well field. Parameters related to undesirable increasing of nitrites and nitrates concentrations have been measured considering these samples: pH, conductivity, concentration of total iron, manganese, ammonium, nitrates and nitrites. Results showed that groundwater from well field were extremely susceptible to favor bacterial growth in the pipelines. The occurrence of nitrites and nitrates in drinking water samples correlated positively with the lengths of old iron pipelines and negatively with the content of newly laid pipelines. The obtained results also showed that the potential nitrates increasing induced by the distribution of treated water could be reduced if: nitrates levels were below detection limits at the outlet of the water treatment plant; biological ammonium removal treatment implementation should reduce the levels of the nitrates and nitrites of the treated supplied water. Although the nitrates concentration increase in drinking water distribution systems, the issues with nitrites accumulation are rare in Lithuania. However, such processes still need to be proved in more extensive investigation, but these research results could be applied as a basic scenario.
Automated soil profile generation system for the dilatometer test (DMT)
Authors: Bilski Piotr , Rabarijoely Simon 
Published: March 2010

Automated soil profile generation system for the dilatometer test (DMT)
The paper presents an automated method of the soil profile generation using the soft computing method. This method can be used as the main source of knowledge for the future soil classification module, which will be able to identify geotechnical layers without the interaction with the user. The method uses a graph clustering algorithm, which groups together measurements from the Dilatometer Test. The histogram-based similarity measure is used to automatically adjust number of generated categories (soil geotechnical layers). Test site, algorithm and its application to the generation of soil profiles in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences campus are described. Results are discussed to provide a more general insight into application of intelligent algorithms into the geotechnical data analysis.
Survey of plant species present on Constructed Wetlands in Opalenica Municipality
Authors: Żmirek Marta , Gawroński Stanisław 
Published: March 2010

Survey of plant species present on Constructed Wetlands in Opalenica Municipality
The aim of this study was to analyse over fifty constructed wetlands established in two villages in Opalenica Municipality (Wielkopolska, Poland) differing in building time, prevailing hydrological and microclimatic conditions, appearance of macrophytes species and chosen plantation method. Two subsystems of constructed wetlands that are complementing one another, based on emergent macrophyte treatment system with vertical subsurface flow in plant filter and open water in denitrification ponds give the opportunity to the full-scale wastewater treatment performance. The main conclusions that can be drawn from this study regard the considerable role of the presence of macrophytes that significantly improve microbial activity, insulate against frost during winter, prevent from clogging and odour occurrence and improves value of the landscape. The conducted analyses proved that the establishment of this kind of semi-natural wastewater treatment system is becoming widely implemented into environmental protection schemes for rural communities.
PU.1 Positively Regulates GATA-1 Expression in Mast Cells
Authors: Takemoto Clifford M. , Brandal Stephanie , Jegga Anil G. , Lee Youl-Nam , Shahlaee Amir , Ying Ye , DeKoter Rodney , McDevitt Michael A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCoexpression of PU.1 and GATA-1 is required for proper specification of the mast cell lineage; however, in the myeloid and erythroid lineages, PU.1 and GATA-1 are functionally antagonistic. In this study, we report a transcriptional network in which PU.1 positively regulates GATA-1 expression in mast cell development. We isolated a variant mRNA isoform of GATA-1 in murine mast cells that is significantly upregulated during mast cell differentiation. This isoform contains an alternatively spliced first exon (IB) that is distinct from the first exon (IE) incorporated in the major erythroid mRNA transcript. In contrast to erythroid and megakaryocyte cells, in mast cells we show that PU.1 and GATA-2 predominantly occupy potential cis-regulatory elements in the IB exon region in vivo. Using reporter assays, we identify an enhancer flanking the IB exon that is activated by PU.1. Furthermore, we observe that in PU.1−/− fetal liver cells, low levels of the IE GATA-1 isoform is expressed, but the variant IB isoform is absent. Reintroduction of PU.1 restores variant IB isoform and upregulates total GATA-1 protein expression, which is concurrent with mast cell differentiation. Our results are consistent with a transcriptional hierarchy in which PU.1, possibly in concert with GATA-2, activates GATA-1 expression in mast cells in a pathway distinct from that seen in the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages.
Estradiol and G1 Reduce Infarct Size and Improve Immunosuppression after Experimental Stroke
Authors: Zhang Bing , Subramanian Sandhya , Dziennis Suzan , Jia Jia , Uchida Masayoshi , Akiyoshi Kozaburo , Migliati Elton , Lewis Anne D. , Vandenbark Arthur A. , Offner Halina , Hurn Patricia D. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Reduced risk and severity of stroke in adult females is thought to depend on normal endogenous levels of estrogen, a well-known neuroprotectant and immunomodulator. In male mice, experimental stroke induces immunosuppression of the peripheral immune system, characterized by a reduction in spleen size and cell numbers and decreased cytokine and chemokine expression. However, stroke-induced immunosuppression has not been evaluated in female mice. To test the hypothesis that estradiol (E2) deficiency exacerbates immunosuppression after focal stroke in females, we evaluated the effect of middle cerebral artery occlusion on infarct size and peripheral and CNS immune responses in ovariectomized mice with or without sustained, controlled levels of 17-β–E2 administered by s.c. implant or the putative membrane estrogen receptor agonist, G1. Both E2- and G1-replacement decreased infarct volume and partially restored splenocyte numbers. Moreover, E2-replacement increased splenocyte proliferation in response to stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 Abs and normalized aberrant mRNA expression for cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors and percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells observed in E2-deficient animals. These beneficial changes in peripheral immunity after E2 replacement were accompanied by a profound reduction in expression of the chemokine, MIP-2, and a 40-fold increased expression of CCR7 in the lesioned brain hemisphere. These results demonstrate for the first time that E2 replacement in ovariectomized female mice improves stroke-induced peripheral immunosuppression.
Activating Transcription Factor 3 Is a Positive Regulator of Human IFNG Gene Expression
Authors: Filén Sanna , Ylikoski Emmi , Tripathi Subhash , West Anne , Björkman Mari , Nyström Joel , Ahlfors Helena , Coffey Eleanor , Rao Kanury V. S. , Rasool Omid , Lahesmaa Riitta 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
IL-12 and IL-18 are essential for Th1 differentiation, whereas the role of IFN-α in Th1 development is less understood. In this microarray-based study, we searched for genes that are regulated by IFN-α, IL-12, or the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18 during the early differentiation of human umbilical cord blood CD4+ Th cells. Twenty-six genes were similarly regulated in response to treatment with IL-12, IFN-α, or the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18. These genes could therefore play a role in Th1 lineage decision. Transcription factor activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 was upregulated by these cytokines and selected for further study. Ectopic expression of ATF3 in CD4+ T cells enhanced the production of IFN-γ, the hallmark cytokine of Th1 cells, whereas small interfering RNA knockdown of ATF3 reduced IFN-γ production. Furthermore, ATF3 formed an endogenous complex with JUN in CD4+ T cells induced to Th1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays showed that both ATF3 and JUN are recruited to and transactivate the IFNG promoter during early Th1 differentiation. Collectively, these data indicate that ATF3 promotes human Th1 differentiation.
Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Phagocytose, Process, and Present Exogenous Particulate Antigen
Authors: Tel Jurjen , Lambeck Annechien J. A. , Cruz Luis J. , Tacken Paul J. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Figdor Carl G. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a major role in shaping both innate and adaptive immune responses, mainly via their production of large amounts of type I IFNs. pDCs are considered to primarily present endogenous Ags and are thought not to participate in the uptake and presentation of Ags from the extracellular environment, in contrast to their myeloid counterparts, which efficiently endocytose extracellular particulates. In this study, we show that human pDCs are able to phagocytose and process particulate forms of Ag entrapped in poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) microparticles. Furthermore, pDCs were also able to sense TLR ligands (TLR-Ls) incorporated in these particles, resulting in rapid pDC activation and high IFN-α secretion. Combining a tetanus toxoid peptide and TLR-Ls (CpG C and R848) in these microparticles resulted in efficient pDC activation and concomitant Ag-specific T cell stimulation. Moreover, particulate Ag was phagocytosed and presented more efficiently than soluble Ag, indicating that microparticles can be exploited to facilitate efficient delivery of antigenic cargo and immunostimulatory molecules to pDCs. Together, our results show that in addition to their potency to stimulate innate immunity, pDCs can polarize adaptive immune responses against exogenous particulate Ag. These results may have important consequences for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies exploiting Ag and TLR-Ls encapsulated in microparticles to target APC subsets.
Role of SMAD and Non-SMAD Signals in the Development of Th17 and Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Lu Ling , Wang Julie , Zhang Feng , Chai Yang , Brand David , Wang Xuehao , Horwitz David A. , Shi Wei , Zheng Song Guo 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Whereas TGF-β is essential for the development of peripherally induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (iTreg cells) and Th17 cells, the intracellular signaling mechanism by which TGF-β regulates development of both cell subsets is less understood. In this study, we report that neither Smad2 nor Smad3 gene deficiency abrogates TGF-β–dependent iTreg induction by a deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A in vivo, although the loss of the Smad2 or Smad3 gene partially reduces iTreg induction in vitro. Similarly, SMAD2 and SMAD3 have a redundant role in development of Th17 in vitro and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In addition, ERK and/or JNK pathways were shown to be involved in regulating iTreg cells, whereas the p38 pathway predominately modulated Th17 and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction. Therefore, selective targeting of these intracellular TGF-β signaling pathways during iTreg and Th17 cell development might lead to the development of therapies in treating autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
IL-4 and TGF-β1 Counterbalance One Another while Regulating Mast Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Macey Matthew R. , Sturgill Jamie L. , Morales Johanna K. , Falanga Yves T. , Morales Joshua , Norton Sarah K. , Yerram Nitin , Shim Hoon , Fernando Josephine , Gifillan Alasdair M. , Gomez Gregorio , Schwartz Lawrence , Oskeritzian Carole , Spiegel Sarah , Conrad Daniel , Ryan John J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Mast cell responses can be altered by cytokines, including those secreted by Th2 and regulatory T cells (Treg). Given the important role of mast cells in Th2-mediated inflammation and recent demonstrations of Treg-mast cell interactions, we examined the ability of IL-4 and TGF-β1 to regulate mast cell homeostasis. Using in vitro and in vivo studies of mouse and human mast cells, we demonstrate that IL-4 suppresses TGF-β1 receptor expression and signaling, and vice versa. In vitro studies demonstrated that IL-4 and TGF-β1 had balancing effects on mast cell survival, migration, and FcεRI expression, with each cytokine cancelling the effects of the other. However, in vivo analysis of peritoneal inflammation during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in mice revealed a dominant suppressive function for TGF-β1. These data support the existence of a cytokine network involving the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the Treg cytokine TGF-β1 that can regulate mast cell homeostasis. Dysregulation of this balance may impact allergic disease and be amenable to targeted therapy.
Soluble IL-7Rα (sCD127) Inhibits IL-7 Activity and Is Increased in HIV Infection
Authors: Crawley Angela M. , Faucher Sylvie , Angel Jonathan B. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Soluble CD127 (sCD127) appears to play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of several chronic infections, multiple sclerosis, and various cancers. The function of sCD127 and whether it influences IL-7 bioavailability or activity is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that recombinant and native sources of sCD127 significantly inhibited IL-7–mediated STAT5 and Akt phosphorylation in CD8+ T cells. IL-7–mediated proliferation and Bcl-2 expression were similarly reduced by sCD127. In each case, native sCD127 inhibited IL-7 activity to a greater degree than rsCD127. Anti–IL-7 activity was inherent to human plasma and could be reversed by depletion of CD127, revealing for the first time the biological activity of naturally occurring sCD127. Plasma sCD127 concentrations were increased in HIV+ individuals compared with HIV− controls, correlated with IL-7 levels, and remained unchanged in HIV+ individuals following 1 y of effective antiretroviral therapy. Determining the regulation and function of sCD127 may be critical for understanding both the pathogenesis of diseases in which IL-7 likely has a role (e.g., HIV infection, cancer) and its potential impact on IL-7 as a therapeutic approach.
Naive CD4+ T Lymphocytes Circulate through Lymphoid Organs To Interact with Endogenous Antigens and Upregulate Their Function
Authors: Tomura Michio , Itoh Kikuji , Kanagawa Osami 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Naive T lymphocytes recirculate through the lymph-vascular system and enter and exit lymphoid organs. Using mice expressing the photoconvertible fluorescence protein Kaede, we demonstrated that naive T cells seek to interact with endogenous Ags after migrating to the lymphoid organs. The interaction with endogenous Ags transiently induces CD69 expression on T cells, which prolongs retention in the lymphoid organs. Cells that fail to express CD69 or lose CD69 expression migrate to other lymphoid organs. Functionally, CD69+-naive CD4+ T cells exhibit faster and greater cytokine production than do CD69− naive CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that CD4+ T cells continuously migrate to interact with endogenous Ags, and such an interaction plays an important role in the Ag reactivity of naive CD4+ T cells.
Postoperative Radiotherapy in Hypopharyngeal Cancer: Single-institution Outcome Analysis
Authors: Tejpal Gupta , Supriya Chopra , Prakash Agarwal Jai , Sarbani Ghosh-Laskar , Anil D'Cruz , Pankaj Chaturvedi , Ketayun Dinshaw 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTPurposeTo retrospectively review the outcomes of adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) following surgery in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer treated at an academic tertiary referral center.MethodsData of patients treated with curative intent in a single radiotherapy unit over a 15-year period (1990-2004) with upfront surgery followed by PORT was retrieved from an electronic database. Local control (LC), locoregional control (LRC) and disease-free survival (DFS) were considered as outcome measures.ResultsThe study dataset constituted 159 patients with a median age of 55 years (range 30-79 years). Patients underwent either radical surgery (total laryngectomy with or without pharyngectomy) or voice-conserving surgery. All patients underwent appropriate comprehensive neck dissection. The median radiotherapy dose was 60 Gy (inter-quartile range 50-60 Gy). With a mean follow-up of 21 months (inter-quartile range 6-29 months), the 3-year LC, LRC, and DFS was 87.8%, 70.3% and 62.2% respectively. Cut margin negativity and pyriform sinus subsite predicted for improved LRC and DFS on univariate analysis. Cut margin status was the only independent predictor of outcome on multivariate analysis.ConclusionHypopharyngeal cancer characterized by advanced disease at presentation. Definitive surgery (either voice-conserving or radical) followed by adjuvant radiotherapy provides good LRC and DFS and continues to remain a valid upfront treatment option for advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. Cut margin status and primary subsite are important determinants of outcome.
Areca Nut or Betel Nut Control is Mandatory if India Wants to Reduce the Burden of Cancer Especially Cancer of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Pankaj Chaturvedi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A lesser known reason of epidemic proportion of oral cancer in India is the rampant use of Areca nut chewing. Just like tobacco, areca nut or betel nut is a psychostimulant, an addictive substance and a carcinogen. The cancer causing properties of areca nut have been well-reported in animal, human and epidemiologic studies. The World Health Organization and International Agency for Research on cancer classified areca nut as a Group 1 human carcinogens with sufficient evidence of increased risk of submucus fibrosis (precancerous oral lesion) and cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus. This was based upon several studies from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Taiwan. Cancers caused by betel nut chewing also shows a strong dose–response relationship for frequency and duration of chewing. It is postulated that areca nut-specific N-nitroso compounds converted from alkaloids are responsible for oral and pharyngeal cancer. There are several other reports that have linked areca nut chewing (with or without tobacco) with hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, cancers of the larynx, stomach, lung and cervix in humans.