bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of producer gas effects on coated pipelines in biomass downdraft gasifier system
Authors: C M Vivek , P K Srividhya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research examines the performance of epoxy, ceramic, and graphene coatings on stainless steel 316 in a producer gas environment, focusing on corrosion and erosion resistance. This research aimed to identify the most effective coating for applications in harsh gasification environments. In this research, various analyses, including microstructural examination, hardness and weight measurements, FESEM analysis, and EDAX analysis, were conducted to evaluate the performance of the coatings. The producer gas was passed on to all the coated samples for a period of 100 h. The significant findings include the superior corrosion and erosion resistance of ceramic-coated stainless steel, as evidenced by low weight fluctuations, maintained hardness levels, and elemental stability. Graphene coatings exhibit high hardness but increased porosity, raising concerns about durability, while epoxy coatings are vulnerable to gas-induced structural alterations. The inclusion rating analysis underscored the ceramic coatings’ ability to preserve consistent material properties. Overall, ceramic coatings have emerged as the preferred option for gasification environments due to their structural resilience, inclusion integrity, and elemental stability. Considering the inclusion integrity, mechanical strength, weight stability, and elemental stability, ceramic-coated stainless steel 316 samples exhibit better resistance toward producer gas influence. This research contributes valuable insights for material selection in applications exposed to harsh gasification environments, emphasizing the importance of coating selection for long-term durability and performance.
Synthesis of 2D yttrium zinc oxide nanosheets via simple chemical route toward high performance Schottky diode based on large charge carriers density and photoresponsivity
Authors: Siddiq Miad Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Yttrium zinc oxide (Zn0.85Y0.15O) nanostructures were stoichiometrically prepared by co-precipitation method. XRD, EDX, XPS, SEM, and TEM spectroscopy were examined to investigate structure, composition, and morphological characteristics. The synthesized nanocomposite exhibited polycrystalline structure with small crystallite size ∼

27

nm in which the particles appeared in sheets like shape with high atomic density on surface. The optical parameters including energy gap

(

E

g

)

and refractive index

(
n
)

were investigated from (T%) and (R%) measurements through wavelength range from 300–900 nm. Al/Y:ZnO/p-Si/Ag Schottky diode was fabricated using thermal evaporating technique and its current–voltage

(
I
–
V
)

was analyzed using different models. The photodiode showed non-ideal behavior with ideality factor greater than unity and small potential barrier. Under various illuminations, the photodiode has revealed high photosensitivity attributed to trapped charge carriers at the interface. The charge carrier density

N

d

and built-in voltage

V

bi

were estimated from Mott Schottky (M–S) function suggesting high Schottky diode efficiency.
Potential use of silane-modified oyster shell powder in hydrophobic concrete
Authors: MR Lavanya , V Johnpaul , N Balasundaram , G Venkatesan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article describes the laboratory-scale manufacture of hydrophobically modified oyster shell powder (mOSP) via a silane coupling agent and used as cement substitutes at 0% to 2.5%. Hydrophobic chemicals have been used in concrete to minimise capillary action by researchers. Although hydrophobic fillers improve concrete’s water repellency, replacing fine particles with them in higher proportions has a negative effect. We can use hydrophobically modified fillers in smaller amounts to replace cement while maintaining its critical properties. When mOSP is added in various quantities to binary and ternary mixes with natural zeolite, concrete hydration, mechanical strength, and durability are examined. At a 1.5% replacement ratio, mOSP improved concrete characteristics and durability. With free water and the hydrophobic modified nOSP, concrete mixes were consistently more workable. A gliding effect on the cementitious matrix caused by the surface roughness and hydrophobicity of the developed silane-coated nOSP increases the slump value. The 28-day compressive strength of concrete containing modified nOSP ranged from 39 to 42 MPa without zeolite and 43 to 46 MPa with it. Compressive strength increased more when 10% natural zeolite (NZ) was added with different amounts of mOSP. The RCPT values of the concrete series without zeolite dropped until 1% mOSP replacement (mOSCII), while the 1.5% mix (mOSZIII) had the lowest value. The angularly modified nOSP aggregates interlocked, improving the migration coefficient of mOSP concrete.
Investigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion of low alloy steels with different Cr contents in simulated oilfield produced water
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Xin Tong , Yuan Juntao , Feng Wenhao , Huang Jufeng , Tan Fengling , Li Xuanpeng , Fu Anqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Microbiologically influenced corrosion has become a predominant cause of pipeline and equipment failure in oil and gas fields. This research examines the corrosion behavior of steels with varying chromium contents in simulated shale gas formation water environments. Weight loss testing, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were employed. The findings suggest that an elevated Cr content in steel results in a gradual reduction in its uniform corrosion rate in a CO2-SRB coexistence environment. This can be primarily attributed to the significant distribution of Cr content throughout the entire product film, including both biofilm and corrosion products, thereby enhancing the product film’s protectiveness. Additionally, the competitive corrosion between CO2 and SRB, as well as the influence mechanism of Cr on corrosion, were discussed.
Active dual-control electromagnetically induced transparency analog in metal- vanadium dioxide-photosensitive silicon hybrid metamaterial
Authors: Shu Chang , Sun Hongyi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate an active dual-control metamaterial leveraging electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), exploiting near-field interactions between electric and magnetic dipole resonances. Our hybrid strip element, combining metal and vanadium dioxide, generates electric dipole resonance, while split-ring resonators integrating metal and photosensitive silicon induce magnetic dipole resonance. Simulations confirm coupling validity and demonstrate dynamic adjustability of EIT via temperature and light intensity changes. EIT modulation transitions between transparent and non-resonant states due to temperature fluctuations, or resonant states with varying light intensity. Temperature adjustments dominate when both factors are altered. Analysis via a coupled oscillator model reveals modulation of damping rates as the origin of disappearance curve variations. This innovative design enhances tunable EIT metamaterial versatility, with implications for high transmission ratios and adaptable slow-light effects in terahertz applications.
Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) in a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment: implications for personnel exposure monitoring
Authors: Mehrara Esmaeil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) serve as compact and user-friendly tools for various applications, including personal radiation dosimetry and radiation therapy. This study explores the potential of utilizing TLD-100 personal dosimetry, conventionally applied in PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) settings, in the PET/MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) environment. The integration of MRI into conventional radiotherapy and PET systems necessitates ionizing radiation dosimetry in the presence of static magnetic fields. In this study, TLD-100 dosimeters were exposed on the surface of a water-filled cylindrical phantom containing PET-radioisotope and positioned on the patient table of a 3 T PET/MRI, where the magnetic field strength is around 0.2 T, aiming to replicate real-world scenarios experienced by personnel in PET/MRI environments. Results indicate that the modified MR-safe TLD-100 personal dosimeters exhibit no significant impact from the static magnetic field of the 3 T PET/MRI, supporting their suitability for personal dosimetry in PET/MRI settings. This study addresses a notable gap in existing literature on the effect of MRI static magnetic field on TLDs.
Tribological and mechanical exploration of polymer-based hemp and colemanite composite as a friction material
Authors: Karakaş Hamdi , Öktem Hasan , Uygur Ilyas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNatural and organic-based composite materials are widely used in many industrial applications due to their low cost, easy recyclability, economic feasibility, and ready availability. In this study, a polymer-based composite friction material consisting of Hemp-Colemanite composition (HCFCo) has been developed for the automotive sector to exhibit lower cost, environmentally friendly characteristics, and suitable friction-wear behaviors. For this purpose, three different ratios (%4, %8 and %12) of HCFCo composites were produced using a coating technique called impregnation process with a specially designed device. During the production stage, homogeneity of the composites was ensured, and then the final shape was given by the hot pressing method. Local based natural materilas frequently used for as anon-asbestos friction materails. For this reason, hemp and colomanited based composites were tested. Properties such as hardness, density, water and oil absorption, friction coefficient, and specific wear of HCFCo samples were examined. In addition, the microstructures of HCFCo composites were investigated to determine the bonding form between hemp fiber and colemanite. The results obtained revealed that the friction coefficient values decreased with an increase in temperature, while no significant change was observed in hardness and density values. Throughout the entire testing process, the friction coefficients varied between 0.14 and 0.29 on average. It was concluded that the developed fiber-reinforced composite can be reliably used in industrial applications and can contribute significantly to innovations in the literature.
Enhancing high-speed CNC milling performance of Ti6Al4V alloy through the application of ZnO-Ag hybrid nanofluids
Authors: Asalekar Amol J , Rama Sastry D V A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the performance of high-speed CNC milling operations on Ti6Al4V alloy by employing a novel ZnO-Ag hybrid nanofluid. The study involves the preparation and characterization of nanofluids with varying concentrations of nanoparticles, focusing on thermal conductivity and stability. The machining experiments encompass four critical input parameters: Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) flow rate, cutting speed, nanofluid concentration, and feed rate. Performance evaluation is based on average surface roughness (Ra) and cutting temperature. Key findings include a remarkable 21.05% improvement in thermal conductivity for the ZnO-Ag-based sunflower oil at 0.2% volume concentration compared to 0.05% concentration. The prepared nanofluids exhibit good stability. Moreover, cutting speed and MQL flow rate emerge as significant contributors to Ra, accounting for 35.62% and 34.82%, respectively. Interestingly, MQL flow rate is identified as the most influential factor, surpassing even cutting speed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images for tool wear reveals that the ZnO-Ag based sunflower oil reduced tool wear significantly. In conclusion, the proposed ZnO-Ag-based sunflower oil at 0.2% concentration emerges as the good best for sustainable high-speed machining of Ti6Al4V alloy.
Deep learning based fault detection of automobile dry clutch system using spectrogram plots
Authors: Sai S Aditya , Sridharan Naveen Venkatesh , Chakrapani Ganjikunta , Sugumaran Vaithiyanathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dry friction clutches are extremely important in the context of power transmission systems. Continuous exposure to extreme heat and loading makes clutch extremely susceptible to various faults. The timely detection and diagnosis of such faults are of utmost importance to prevent any damage to internal components and also helps in avoiding transmission system failures. In this research study, a novel approach that leverages the power of transfer learning (a famous deep learning technique) is proposed to diagnose multiple types of clutch faults including, worn release fingers, fractured pressure plates, deteriorated pressure plates, loss of friction material and distorted tangential strips using spectrogram plots. To train and validate the diagnostic system, vibration readings were taken from a specially designed test rig with the help of piezoelectric accelerometer while the clutch system was operated under different load conditions of 0 (no load), 5 and 10 kg This procedure of data collection was then repeated to acquire the vibration data for all of the fault conditions by replacing the good with fault components individually. These vibration signals were further processed and transformed into spectrogram plots that serves as the input data for the deep learning models considered. Fine-tuning techniques were applied on pretrained networks to maximise the prediction accuracy of the models to effectively determine and diagnose faults in the clutch system. For this study 12 pre-trained networks were chosen namely, Xception, InceptionResNet, DenseNet, AlexNet, VGG16, GoogLeNet, VGG19, ResNet101, ResNet50, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2 and ShuffleNet. To optimize the performance of deep learning models, a systematic adjustment of hyperparameters such as the train-test split ratio, learning rate, optimizer and batch size for each network model was carried out. Through careful experimentation and analysis, significant improvements in fault classification accuracy were achieved thereby enhancing the reliability and effectiveness of the diagnostic system. From the results it was noted that 100% classification accuracy was displayed by AlexNet (for the no load condition and the 10 kg load condition) and GoogLeNet (for 5 kg load condition) with extremely low computation times.
Role of charge-compensation process on the structural, microstructure and electrical properties of pure and Nb-doped Sr2SnO4
Authors: Jatiya Manisha , Yadav Vedika , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Upendra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article explores the charge compensation method by synthesising Sr2SnO4, Sr2Sn0.99Nb0.01O4, and Sr1.995Sn0.99Nb0.01O4. The synthesis of a monophasic, tetragonal sample was achieved using a typical ceramic approach and high-temperature heat treatment. The XRD followed by Rietveld refinement, confirmed the crystallization of material under the space group I4/mmm. The crystallite sizes for all samples determined to be less than 50 nm, while the micro-strain falls within the range of (1.78–2.93) × 10–3. The microstructure exhibits a cuboidal shape for all samples, and the grain size is observed to decrease with the addition of Nb. The dielectric characteristics of the samples indicate the existence of Maxwell-Wagner and Orientational polarization in the sample. The sample Sr2Sn0.99Nb0.01O4 demonstrates a greater conductivity value compared to Sr1.995Sn0.99Nb0.01O4. This is attributed to the presence of excess electrons that compensate for the overall charge, as opposed to Sr1.995Sn0.99Nb0.01O4 where the extra charge is compensated by a cationic vacancy

V

Sr

″

.

The time-temperature-superposition principle (TTSP) is applicable to all compositions and indicates that similar sources are responsible for both conduction and relaxation processes. The dielectric permittivity and dissipation factor are found to be in the range of 150 to 175 and 0.2 to 0.5, respectively. This suggests that they have potential for future use in millimeter-wave communication with dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs). Due to the presence of oxygen ions and the ability to conduct both ions and electrons, at temperatures above 400 °C, it is a suitable choice for electrode materials in the application of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFCs). Exploring the manipulation of defects using electrical and ionic charge compensation methods shows potential for enhancing materials in semiconductor technology.
Finite dimension of the ion pathway networks in conducting glasses
Authors: Sanchez-Varretti Fabricio O , Iguain José L , Alonso Juan M , Frechero Marisa A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In disordered materials, the ordinary understanding is that charge carriers tend to occupy energetically favorable sites known as ion-conducting channels. Many studies have revealed that the inherent fractal properties of such pathways lead to a sub-diffusive behavior. The linearity or branching of these pathways is crucial for determining how the charge carriers move. It can be thought that as the space dimensionality decreases, the average distance between the highest energy barriers along the conduction paths increases. In this study the finite dimension of those pathways is computed using an extended version of the classical Hausdorff dimension. Also, the Arrhenius behavior of the most mobile lithium ions is proved, confirming that such are responsible for conductivity behavior. The lithium ions mobility behavior in response to temperature changes and the finite dimension allowed to identify the ion diffusion regions fractal features. The reported results demonstrate that as the temperature increases the conducting channels become broadener, facilitating the transfer of electrical charge through the glassy matrix, below the transition temperature. The pathways behavior confirms the increase of the ionic conductivity when the temperature increases as it is experimentally observed.
Translators, Compradors, or Ideological Labourers? The Role of the ICC’s Intermediaries
Authors: Ullrich Leila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of ‘local intermediaries’ in the ICC’s victim engagement. Intermediaries are diverse actors, ranging from victims to national NGOs, who help the Court with evidence collection, outreach, and victim engagement in its situation countries. While much controversy surrounds the ICC’s use of intermediaries, there is a shared analytical framework for making sense of this relationship: the ‘global–local divide’. Intermediaries either figure as ‘cultural translators’ who help the Court communicate with affected communities ‘in Africa’ or as ‘cunning compradors’ who help the Court produce and sell victims as commodities. Moving beyond this dichotomy, the chapter shows that the complexity of intermediaries lies in how they exploit and are exploited often along the very same classed, gendered, and racialized lines. Intermediaries ideologically manage victims for the Court, something they themselves have a stake in. Their ideological labour consists of mobilizing and disciplining waged and unwaged workers in the Global South—a class of hustlers—which capitalism can exploit through labour, debt, and by taking land and resources. Both intermediaries and victims participate in this ideological labour, but the former benefit from it more clearly than the latter. Eventually, they both lose as they reproduce their position at the bottom of a racial capitalist order.
Prologue
Authors: DiSalvo Carl 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this essay, I reflect on the collection and use of tree data in my hometown to think through the possibilities and limitations of civic data. Tree data and the associated technologies for collecting, storing, and sharing tree data call attention to how non-humans are enrolled into contemporary cities through data structures and practices. While this is entirely still an human-centered affair, reflecting on it gives us a glimpse into systems and services that would support a more-than-human city.
Participatory Design for Multispecies Cohabitation
Authors: Holland Alexander , Roudavski Stanislav 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter addresses the environmental crisis by empowering voices and actions of non-human lifeforms in more-than-human design. This work is significant because dominant approaches to sustainability remain limited by the knowledge of human experts, resulting in exclusion, bias, and inadequate outcomes. Seeking to address this gap, the chapter extends existing theoretical work on more-than-human communities by providing conceptual framing, tools, and examples that can inform design action. To do this, it examines a degraded site that already attracts substantial restoration efforts and contributes to them by designing artificial structures that can support arboreal wildlife. The described workflow scans trees that serve as habitat structures, uses field observations in combination with artificial intelligence to predict bird behaviours, and deploys computation to generate innovative designs. This process reframes trees as designers, birds as clients, and humans as assistants. The evidence contributes to knowledge by demonstrating the potential and practicality of more-than-human participation.
Justice by Design
Authors: Mancini Clara , Metcalfe Daniel , Hirsch-Matsioulas Orit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We extend to animal dwellers the values of equity and inclusivity, which inform existing conceptions of smart sustainable cities. Leveraging multispecies justice theory, we argue that just smart cities should offer animals opportunities to pursue biologically relevant goals and achieve basic species-specific capabilities. Through cases of human–animal cohabitation, we exemplify how just smart cities should: support animals’ sensemaking of and interaction with urban affordances, enabling them to autonomously pursue their biological goals; manage affordances by balancing the interests of one species against the interests of other species, as well as the interests of individuals against the interests of groups; and account for different perspectives and narratives on interspecies relationships, when making and implementing decisions. We propose an iterative design model in which technological interventions informed by multispecies justice principles and multispecies empirical data enable the emergence of incrementally equitable and inclusive cohabitation forms for increasing ranges of species and individuals.