bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Open-Label Study of the Administration of Two-Percent Voriconazole Eye Drops
Authors: Al-Badriyeh Daoud , Leung Lok , Roydhouse Trent , Fullinfaw Robert , Daniell Mark , Davies Geoffrey E. , Stewart Kay , Kong David C. M. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThirteen human subjects scheduled for elective anterior segment eye surgery received hourly 2% voriconazole eye drops 4 hours presurgery. No side effects were reported. Significantly, the voriconazole concentration in the aqueous humor of the eye was similar to that reported for the 1% voriconazole solution, suggestive of concentration-independent absorption.
Monoclonal Antibody 11E10, Which Neutralizes Shiga Toxin Type 2 (Stx2), Recognizes Three Regions on the Stx2 A Subunit, Blocks the Enzymatic Action of the Toxin In Vitro, and Alters the Overall Cellular Distribution of the Toxin
Authors: Smith Michael J. , Melton-Celsa Angela R. , Sinclair James F. , Carvalho Humberto M. , Robinson Cory M. , O'Brien Alison D. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 11E10 recognizes the Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) A
1
subunit. The binding of 11E10 to Stx2 neutralizes both the cytotoxic and lethal activities of Stx2, but the MAb does not bind to or neutralize Stx1 despite the 61% identity and 75% similarity in the amino acids of the A
1
fragments. In this study, we sought to identify the segment or segments on Stx2 that constitute the 11E10 epitope and to determine how recognition of that region by 11E10 leads to inactivation of the toxin. Toward those objectives, we generated a set of chimeric Stx1/Stx2 molecules and then evaluated the capacity of 11E10 to recognize those hybrid toxins by Western blot analyses and to neutralize them in Vero cell cytotoxicity assays. We also compared the amino acid sequences and crystal structures of Stx1 and Stx2 for stretches of dissimilarity that might predict a binding epitope on Stx2 for 11E10. Through these assessments, we concluded that the 11E10 epitope is comprised of three noncontiguous regions surrounding the Stx2 active site. To determine how 11E10 neutralizes Stx2, we examined the capacity of 11E10/Stx2 complexes to target ribosomes. We found that the binding of 11E10 to Stx2 prevented the toxin from inhibiting protein synthesis in an in vitro assay but also altered the overall cellular distribution of Stx2 in Vero cells. We propose that the binding of MAb 11E10 to Stx2 neutralizes the effects of the toxin by preventing the toxin from reaching and/or inactivating the ribosomes.
Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent Activation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells by Deoxynucleic Acids fromCandida albicans
Authors: Miyazato Akiko , Nakamura Kiwamu , Yamamoto Natsuo , Mora-Montes Héctor M. , Tanaka Misuzu , Abe Yuzuru , Tanno Daiki , Inden Ken , Gang Xiao , Ishii Keiko , Takeda Kiyoshi , Akira Shizuo , Saijo Shinobu , Iwakura Yoichiro , Adachi Yoshiyuki , Ohno Naohito , Mitsutake Kotaro , Gow Neil A. R. , Kaku Mitsuo , Kawakami Kazuyoshi 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThe innate immune system of humans recognizes the human pathogenic fungusCandida albicansvia sugar polymers present in the cell wall, such as mannan and β-glucan. Here, we examined whether nucleic acids fromC. albicansactivate dendritic cells.C. albicansDNA induced interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) production and CD40 expression by murine bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BM-DCs) in a dose-dependent manner. BM-DCs that lacked Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and dectin-1, which are pattern recognition receptors for fungal cell wall components, produced IL-12p40 at levels comparable to the levels produced by BM-DCs from wild-type mice, and DNA from aC. albicans pmr1Δ null mutant, which has a gross defect in mannosylation, retained the ability to activate BM-DCs. This stimulatory effect disappeared completely after DNase treatment. In contrast, RNase treatment increased production of the cytokine. A similar reduction in cytokine production was observed when BM-DCs from TLR9−/−and MyD88−/−mice were used. In a luciferase reporter assay, NF-κB activation was detected in TLR9-expressing HEK293T cells stimulated withC. albicansDNA. Confocal microscopic analysis showed similar localization ofC. albicansDNA and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) in BM-DCs. Treatment ofC. albicansDNA with methylase did not affect its ability to induce IL-12p40 synthesis, whereas the same treatment completely eliminated the ability of CpG-ODN to induce IL-12p40 synthesis. Finally, impaired clearance of this fungal pathogen was not found in the kidneys of TLR9−/−mice. These results suggested thatC. albicansDNA activated BM-DCs through a TLR9-mediated signaling pathway using a mechanism independent of the unmethylated CpG motif.
Genetic Requirements for
Klebsiella pneumoniae
-Induced Liver Abscess in an Oral Infection Model
Authors: Tu Ya-Chun , Lu Min-Chi , Chiang Ming-Ko , Huang Shu-Ping , Peng Hwei-Ling , Chang Hwan-You , Jan Ming-Shiou , Lai Yi-Chyi 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is the predominant pathogen of primary liver abscess. However, our knowledge regarding the molecular basis of how
K. pneumoniae
causes primary infection in the liver is limited. We established an oral infection model that recapitulated the characteristics of liver abscess and conducted a genetic screen to identify the
K. pneumoniae
genes required for the development of liver abscess in mice. Twenty-eight mutants with attenuated growth in liver or spleen samples out of 2,880 signature-tagged mutants that produced the wild-type capsule were identified, and genetic loci which were disrupted in these mutants were identified to encode products with roles in cellular metabolism, adhesion, transportation, gene regulation, and unknown functions. We further evaluated the virulence attenuation of these mutants in independent infection experiments and categorized them accordingly into three classes. In particular, the class I and II mutant strains exhibited significantly reduced virulence in mice, and most of these strains were not detected in extraintestinal tissues at 48 h after oral inoculation. Interestingly, the mutated loci of about one-third of the class I and II mutant strains encode proteins with regulatory functions, and the transcript abundances of many other genes identified in the same screen were markedly changed in these regulatory mutant strains, suggesting a requirement for genetic regulatory networks for translocation of
K. pneumoniae
across the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, our finding that preimmunization with certain class I mutant strains protected mice against challenge with the wild-type strain implied a potential application for these strains in prophylaxis against
K. pneumoniae
infections.
ADJOINT NETWORK THEOREM AND FLOATING ELEMENTS IN THE NAM
Authors: SOLIMAN AHMED M. 
Published: May 2009

Although the adjoint network theorem preserves all the circuit properties it does not, however, guarantee that the floating property of an element is maintained. In other words, the adjoint of a floating element may not be floating and vice-versa a nonfloating element may have an adjoint floating element as will be explained in this paper.An important and new property of the Nodal Admittance Matrix (NAM) is that it can identify any element as a floating or nonfloating. The four floating basic building blocks including the nullor are tabulated. It is shown that the nullor and the Voltage Mirror (VM)–Current Mirror (CM) pair are self adjoint. The other two floating elements namely Nullator–CM pair and the VM–Norator pair are adjoint to each other.The NAM of the Op Amp family and Current Conveyor (CCII) family are also given. Two examples are given demonstrating the generation of two families of CCII filters from two known two-CCII filter circuits with demonstration of the floatation property in each of the two filters.Although the paper has a tutorial nature it also includes new important results.
A MULTI-OBJECTIVE RISK-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR MISSION CAPABILITY PLANNING
Authors: BUI LAM T. , BARLOW MICHAEL , ABBASS HUSSEIN A. 
Published: May 2009

In this paper, we propose a risk-based framework for military capability planning. Within this framework, metaheuristic techniques such as Evolutionary Algorithms are used to deal with multi-objectivity of a class of NP-hard resource investment problems, called The Mission Capability Planning Problem, under the presence of risk factors. This problem inherently has at least two conflicting objectives: minimizing the cost of investment in the resources as well as the makespan of the plans. The framework allows the addition of a risk-based objective to the problem in order to support risk assessment during the planning process. In other words, with this framework, a mechanism of progressive risk assessment is introduced to capability planning.We analyze the performance of the proposed framework under both scenarios: with and without risk. In the case of no risk, the purpose is to study several optimization-related aspects of the framework such as convergence, trade-off analysis, and its sensitivity to the algorithm parameters; while the second case is to demonstrate the ability of the framework in supporting risk assessment and also robustness analysis.
Basilochelys macrobios
n. gen. and n. sp., a large cryptodiran turtle from the Phu Kradung Formation (latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous) of the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand
Authors: Tong Haiyan , Claude Julien , Naksri Wilailuck , Suteethorn Varavudh , Buffetaut Eric , Khansubha Sasidhorn , Wongko Kamonrak , Yuangdetkla Phisit 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

A large cryptodiran turtle,
Basilochelys macrobios
n. gen. n. sp. is described from the latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous Phu Kradung Formation of NE Thailand, on the basis of skull, shell and other postcranial elements.
Basilochelys
presents a combination of primitive and derived characters. The derived characters include sculptured skull roof and shell surface; deeply embedded canalis caroticus internus; foramen posterius canalis carotici interni completely surrounded by pterygoid; neural formula of 6>4<6<6<6<6; anteroposteriorly expanded eleventh and twelfth marginal scutes extending onto the suprapygal and costal plates; narrow vertebral scutes; plastron sutured to the carapace, with large and wide anterior and posterior lobes, long and narrow bridge, very narrow axillary and inguinal notch; wide entoplastron; humeropectoral sulcus located on the posterior part of the entoplastron; anal notch absent. This taxon is placed in Trionychoidae and considered as the most basal member of that group.
Oxygen isotope composition of continental vertebrate apatites from Mesozoic formations of Thailand; environmental and ecological significance
Authors: Amiot Romain , Buffetaut Eric , Lécuyer Christophe , Fernandez Vincent , Fourel François , Martineau François , Suteethorn Varavudh 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Phosphatic remains (tooth enamel, turtle shell fragments and fish scales) of continental vertebrates (freshwater fish, crocodilians, turtles, and theropod and sauropod dinosaurs) recovered from eight localities of NE Thailand ranging in age from the Late Jurassic to the late Early Cretaceous have been analysed for their oxygen isotopic compositions (δ
18
O
p
). From these preliminary data, local meteoric water δ
18
O
w
values estimated using δ
18
O
p
values of crocodilians and turtles range from −4.1±2‰ at the end of the Jurassic to −8.3±2‰ during the Early Cretaceous, suggesting a transition from dry to wetter climates with increasing amount of seasonal precipitation from several hundred millimetres per year to several thousand millimetres. Measurable offsets in δ
18
O
p
values observed between dinosaur taxa (the spinosaurid theropod
Siamosaurus
, other theropods and nemegtosaurid sauropods) are interpreted in terms of differences in water strategies, and suggest that
Siamosaurus
had habits similar to those of semi-aquatic vertebrates such as crocodilians or freshwater turtles.
The geological and palaeontological exploration of Laos; following in the footsteps of J. B. H. Counillon and A. Pavie
Authors: Steyer J. Sebastien 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Historical studies on the exploration of SE Asia reveal interesting points concerning the geology and palaeontology of this part of the world: the first geological description of northern Laos was published in 1896 by the French geologist J. B. H. Counillon, a member of the famous Pavie Mission (1879–1895). Although scientific notes are rare in the literature about the Pavie Mission, which dealt with diplomacy and politics, Counillon's studies are very informative: they contain accurate observations on the geomorphology, hydrography, stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Mekong River and its banks. Counillon explored the dangerous region of Luang Prabang (northern Laos) with Captain Cupet. He discovered the first fossil tetrapods from Laos, and, with the help of Vasseur and Repelin, correctly referred them to dicynodont mammal-like reptiles.
Treatment of invasive streptococcal infection with a peptide derived from human high-molecular weight kininogen
Authors: Oehmcke Sonja , Shannon Oonagh , von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Mörgelin Matthias , Linder Adam , Olin Anders I. , Björck Lars , Herwald Heiko 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSepsis and septic shock remain an important medical problem, emphasizing the need to identify novel therapeutic opportunities. Hypovolemic hypotension, coagulation dysfunction, disturbed microcirculation, and multiorgan failure resulting from vascular leakage are often observed in these severe conditions. In the present study, we find that HKH20, a peptide derived from human high molecular weight kininogen (HK), down-regulates inflammatory reactions caused by Streptococcus pyogenes in a mouse model of sepsis. HK is a component of the pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant contact system. Activation of the contact system in the bloodstream by S pyogenes leads to massive tissue damage in the lungs of the infected mice, which eventually results in the death of the animals. HKH20 inhibits activation of the contact system and protects mice with invasive S pyogenes infection from lung damage. In combination with clindamycin treatment, the peptide also significantly prolongs the survival of infected mice.
Thymic output, T-cell diversity, and T-cell function in long-term human SCID chimeras
Authors: Sarzotti-Kelsoe Marcella , Win Chan M. , Parrott Roberta E. , Cooney Myriah , Moser Barry K. , Roberts Joseph L. , Sempowski Gregory D. , Buckley Rebecca H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSevere combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a syndrome of diverse genetic cause characterized by profound deficiencies of T, B, and sometimes NK-cell function. Nonablative human leukocyte antigen–identical or rigorously T cell–depleted haploidentical parental bone marrow transplantation (BMT) results in thymus-dependent genetically donor T-cell development in the recipients, leading to long-term survival. We reported previously that normal T-cell numbers, function, and repertoire developed by 3 to 4 months after transplantation in SCID patients, and the repertoire remained highly diverse for the first 10 years after BMT. The T-cell receptor diversity positively correlated with T-cell receptor excision circle levels, a reflection of thymic output. However, the fate of thymic function in SCID patients beyond 10 to 12 years after BMT remained to be determined. In this greater than 25-year follow-up study of 128 patients with 11 different molecular types of SCID after nonconditioned BMT, we provide evidence that T-cell function, thymic output, and T-cell clonal diversity are maintained long-term.
Zebrafish kidney stromal cell lines support multilineage hematopoiesis
Authors: Stachura David L. , Reyes Jason R. , Bartunek Petr , Paw Barry H. , Zon Leonard I. , Traver David 
Published: May 2009

AbstractStudies of zebrafish hematopoiesis have been largely performed using mutagenesis approaches and retrospective analyses based upon gene expression patterns in whole embryos. We previously developed transplantation assays to test the repopulation potentials of candidate hematopoietic progenitor cells. We have been impaired, however, in determining cellular differentiation potentials by a lack of short-term functional assays. To enable more precise analyses of hematopoietic progenitor cells, we have created zebrafish kidney stromal (ZKS) cell lines. Culture of adult whole kidney marrow with ZKS cells results in the maintenance and expansion of hematopoietic precursor cells. Hematopoietic growth is dependent upon ZKS cells, and we show that ZKS cells express many growth factors and ligands previously demonstrated to be important in maintaining mammalian hematopoietic cells. In the absence of exogenous growth factors, ZKS cells maintain early hematopoietic precursors and support differentiation of lymphoid and myeloid cells. With the addition of zebrafish erythropoietin, ZKS cells also support the differentiation of erythroid precursors. These conditions have enabled the ability to ascertain more precisely the points at which hematopoietic mutants are defective. The development of robust in vitro assays now provide the means to track defined, functional outcomes for prospectively isolated blood cell subsets in the zebrafish.
NKT cells mediate pulmonary inflammation and dysfunction in murine sickle cell disease through production of IFN-γ and CXCR3 chemokines
Authors: Wallace Kori L. , Marshall Melissa A. , Ramos Susan I. , Lannigan Joanne A. , Field Joshua J. , Strieter Robert M. , Linden Joel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIschemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) triggers an inflammatory cascade that is initiated by the activation of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells. In sickle cell disease (SCD), misshapen erythrocytes evoke repeated transient bouts of microvascular IRI. Compared with C57BL/6 controls, NY1DD mice have more numerous and activated (CD69+, interferon-γ+ [IFN-γ+]) lung, liver, and spleen iNKT cells that are hyperresponsive to hypoxia/reoxygenation. NY1DD mice have increased pulmonary levels of IFN-γ, IFN-γ–inducible chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10), and elevated numbers of lymphocytes expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Treating NY1DD mice with anti-CD1d antibody to inhibit iNKT cell activation reverses baseline pulmonary dysfunction manifested as elevated vascular permeability, decreased arterial oxygen saturation, and increased numbers of activated leukocytes. Anti-CD1d antibodies decrease pulmonary levels of IFN-γ and CXCR3 chemokines. Neutralization of CXCR3 receptors ameliorates pulmonary dysfunction. Crossing NY1DD to lymphocyte-deficient Rag1−/− mice decreases pulmonary dysfunction. This is counteracted by the adoptive transfer of 1 million NKT cells. Like mice, people with SCD have increased numbers of activated circulating iNKT cells expressing CXCR3. Together, these data indicate that iNKT cells play a pivotal role in sustaining inflammation in SCD mice by a pathway involving IFN-γ and production of chemotactic CXCR3 chemokines and that this mechanism may translate to human disease.
Valves of the deep venous system: an overlooked risk factor
Authors: Brooks Erin G. , Trotman Winifred , Wadsworth Marilyn P. , Taatjes Douglas J. , Evans Mark F. , Ittleman Frank P. , Callas Peter W. , Esmon Charles T. , Bovill Edwin G. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Deep venous valves are frequent sites of deep venous thrombosis initiation. However, the possible contribution of the valvular sinus endothelium has received little attention in studies of thrombosis risk. We hypothesized that the endothelium of valve sinus differs from that of vein lumen with up-regulation of anticoagulant and down-regulation of procoagulant activities in response to the local environment. In pursuit of this hypothesis, we quantified endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), thrombomodulin (TM), and von Willebrand factor (VWF) by immunofluorescence in great saphenous veins harvested at cardiac bypass surgery. We found significantly increased expression of EPCR and TM in the valvular sinus endothelium as opposed to the vein lumenal endothelium, and the opposite pattern with VWF (paired t test for TM and EPCR, each P < .001; for VWF, P = .01). These data support our hypothesis and suggest that variation in valvular sinus thromboresistance may be an important factor in venous thrombogenesis.
β-catenin and transforming growth factor β have distinct roles regulating fibroblast cell motility and the induction of collagen lattice contraction
Authors: Poon Raymond , Nik Saeid Amini , Ahn Jessica , Slade Laura , Alman Benjamin A 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
β-catenin and transforming growth factor β signaling are activated in fibroblasts during wound healing. Both signaling pathways positively regulate fibroblast proliferation during this reparative process, and the effect of transforming growth factor β is partially mediated by β-catenin. Other cellular processes, such as cell motility and the induction of extracellular matrix contraction, also play important roles during wound repair. We examined the function of β-catenin and its interaction with transforming growth factor β in cell motility and the induction of collagen lattice contraction.

Results
Floating three dimensional collagen lattices seeded with cells expressing conditional null and stabilized β-catenin alleles, showed a modest negative relationship between β-catenin level and the degree of lattice contraction. Transforming growth factor β had a more dramatic effect, positively regulating lattice contraction. In contrast to the situation in the regulation of cell proliferation, this effect of transforming growth factor β was not mediated by β-catenin. Treating wild-type cells or primary human fibroblasts with dickkopf-1, which inhibits β-catenin, or lithium, which stimulates β-catenin produced similar results. Scratch wound assays and Boyden chamber motility studies using these same cells found that β-catenin positively regulated cell motility, while transforming growth factor β had little effect.

Conclusion
This data demonstrates the complexity of the interaction of various signaling pathways in the regulation of cell behavior during wound repair. Cell motility and the induction of collagen lattice contraction are not always coupled, and are likely regulated by different intracellular mechanisms. There is unlikely to be a single signaling pathway that acts as master regulator of fibroblast behavior in wound repair. β-catenin plays dominant role regulating cell motility, while transforming growth factor β plays a dominant role regulating the induction of collagen lattice contraction.