bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of insufficient sweat production during confirmatory testing for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kleyn Mary , Korzeniewski Steven , Grigorescu Violanda , Young William , Homnick Douglas , Goldstein‐Filbrun Amy , Schuen John , Nasr Samya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMichigan's Newborn Screening (NBS) Program began statewide screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) in October 2007. Confirmatory sweat testing is performed in infants having initial immunoreactive trypsinogen concentrations ≥99.8th percentile or ≥96th percentile and at least one CF mutation identified by DNA analysis. Some infants fail to produce a sufficient quantity of sweat (QNS—quantity not sufficient) to test for CF, meaning disease confirmation is delayed and sweat testing is later repeated. In this study, we evaluate predictors of QNS results. Information from the linked birth certificates and NBS diagnostic confirmation data were used. The study population was resident infants born in Michigan in 2008 who underwent a sweat test. Bivariate analyses revealed that preterm birth, low birth weight, CF care center, and race were significantly associated with QNS sweat testing results. Adjusted analyses indicated that preterm infants were 2.4 times more likely to have QNS results (95% CI 0.9, 6.4). When age at time of test, accounting for gestational age (gestational age at delivery plus postdelivery age of life = corrected age), was used in the multivariable model, infants <39 weeks were 7.4 times more likely to have QNS results (95% CI 2.5, 21.8). Waiting to sweat test until an infant is aged 39 weeks or more (corrected age) would likely reduce the rate of QNS results, thereby reducing the burden of repeat sweat testing on families and healthcare providers. Further research is necessary to understand the impact of potential delays in diagnosis/treatment relative to postponing sweat testing. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:23–30. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Representative hybrid model used for analyses of heat capacities of group‐IV, III–V, and II–VI materials
Authors: Pässler R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCharacteristic non‐Debye features inherent to the dispersion‐related hybrid model, which had been devised for the sake of physically adequate representations of isobaric heat capacities of semiconductor and wide band gap materials, are demonstrated and discussed in some detail. We perform least‐mean‐square fittings of low‐ and high‐temperature Cp(T) data sets that are available for group‐IV materials (diamond, Si, Ge, 3C‐SiC), III–V materials (BN, BP, BAs, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb), and II–VI materials (ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdO, CdS, CdSe, CdTe). The simulations of the Cp(T) data sets under study, particularly with respect to the cryogenic region, are graphically represented, and existing data deficiencies are discussed. Important by‐products of the fittings are presented within the frame of Supporting Information (online at: www.pss‐b.com). There are given in tabulated form the characteristic phonon energies, εP(m), for integral orders, m = −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, and 4, including further dispersion‐related parameters like average phonon temperatures, ΘP, dispersion coefficients, ΔP, and high‐temperature limiting values of Debye temperatures, ΘDh(∞). Furthermore, basing on comprehensive calculations of the Cp(T) dependences from absolute zero up to room temperature, we provide representative values of entropies, Sp(T), enthalpies, Hp(T) − Hp(0), and Gibbs free energies, Gp(T) − Gp(0), for the frequently considered reference point, Tr = 298.15 K, the accurate knowledge of which is indispensable for possible high‐temperature continuations of these standard thermodynamic functions within the frame of the commonly used thermo‐chemical formalism.
Empirical forecasts of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies
Authors: De Elvira A. Ruiz , Beviá M. J. Ortiz , Narvaez W. Cabos 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe interannual variability of the tropical Atlantic is characterized by warmings and coolings similar to the Pacific ones (El Niño), and by an interhemispheric signal of decadal variability. The magnitudes of the Gulf of Guinea warmings are less and, therefore, they do not significantly influence the earth's climate, as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) does. In the past, they have been studied because of their connections with the recurrent droughts in the Sahel region. Recently, a number of modelling studies have tried to establish their dependence on ENSO. The real existence of an interhemispheric decadal signal, and its predictability, is also a widely discussed topic. Forecast studies have recently appeared for both the north tropical Atlantic and the Gulf of Guinea regions, and are now operationally available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.In the present work we try first to understand the tropical Atlantic variability in terms of forcings external to the basin. These are identified from 48 years of monthly anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) data obtained by combining the Comprehensive Ocean and Atmosphere Dataset (COADS) and the Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) dataset, and then using the Bayesian theory of estimation. Besides the ENSO‐related scales, our analysis retains a decadal time scale in the data variability.Next, a model is built to forecast the most important features of the equatorial Atlantic interannual variability. These features are monitored through two indices, the Gulf of Guinea and the north tropical Atlantic indices (‘the predictands’). Predictor fields are identified from our preliminary analysis, as those time series significantly correlated with the predictands. These correspond to grid points in the tropical Pacific (mainly the Niño3 region, (5°S–5°N, 150°W–90°W)) and tropical Indian oceans. Forecasts were issued for 28 years, at three‐monthly intervals. For the north tropical Atlantic index, we have a good forecast skill at leads greater than four months with predictors obtained from east equatorial Pacific time series. For the Gulf of Guinea index, a good forecast skill can be obtained only when we include time series of the equatorial Indian ocean, as well as the east equatorial Pacific, among the predictors. Any of the forecasts presented here show useful forecast skill that, at least, beats persistence at leads greater than four months
Introducing haptic capabilities to a bone‐mounted robot for intra‐operative surface scanning
Authors: Shapiro Yoel , Wolf Alon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundBone‐mounted robots for orthopaedic surgery are small, cost‐effective and could reduce invasiveness. Preoperative planning requires imaging (e.g. X‐ray, CT, MRI) and a registration procedure, which introduces error. Accuracy might be improved by building an intraoperative anatomical model in the robot's own coordinate system, utilizing the rigid bone–robot connection.MethodsHaptic capabilities were added to MBARS and user tests were conducted to help design the haptic control loop. The accuracy of a 3D physical scan was tested on a femur model.ResultsIndication for force scaling and mode switching was found. Average distance error of collected points from the surface scanned by the robot was 0.3 mm.ConclusionsIt is suggested that haptic control of bone‐mounted robots should be non‐linear and not necessarily transparent. Haptic surface acquisition can be used to generate an accurate intraoperative model of a joint surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shadow of the contract: how contract structure shapes interfirm dispute resolution
Authors: Lumineau Fabrice , Malhotra Deepak 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates how contract structure influences interfirm dispute resolution processes and outcomes by examining a unique dataset consisting of over 150,000 pages of documents relating to 102 business disputes. We find that the level of contract detail affects the type of dispute resolution approach that is adopted when conflict arises, and that different approaches are associated with different costs for resolving the dispute. We also find that the effect of contract choice on dispute resolution approach is moderated by the degree of coordination required in the relationship, and that the effect of dispute approach on costs is moderated by the degree of power asymmetry between the parties. Thus, even after controlling for various attributes of the exchange relationship and the dispute, the choice of contracting structure has important strategic implications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porous Graphene as an Atmospheric Nanofilter
Authors: Blankenburg Stephan , Bieri Marco , Fasel Roman , Müllen Klaus , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Passerone Daniele 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe fabrication of nanoscale membranes exhibiting high selectivity is an emerging field of research. The possibility to use bottom‐up approaches to fabricate a filter with porous graphene and analyze its functionality with first principle calculations is investigated. Here, the porous network is produced by self‐assembly of the hexaiodo‐substituted macrocycle cyclohexa‐m‐phenylene (CHP). The resulting porous network exhibits an extremely high selectivity in favor of H2 and He among other atmospheric gases, such as Ne, O2, N2, CO, CO2, NH3, and Ar. The presented membrane is superior to traditional filters using polymers or silica and could have great potential for further technological applications such as gas sensors or fuel cells.
Preparation and swelling properties of a pH‐sensitive superabsorbent hydrogel based on psyllium gum
Authors: An Jian‐Ke , Wang Wen‐Bo , Wang Ai‐Qin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of natural polymer‐based superabsorbent hydrogels were prepared by free radical graft copolymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid (AA) onto psyllium gum (PSY) in aqueous solution, using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that AA monomers have been grafted onto PSY macromolecular chains. The swelling properties of the hydrogels in various saline and pH solutions were investigated, and the swelling kinetics and reswelling ability of the hydrogels were also evaluated systematically. The hydrogels showed excellent responsive properties and reversible On‐Off switching characteristics in various pH buffer solutions, which render the hydrogels available as a candidate for drug delivery system.
Diagnosis and morbidity of placenta accreta
Authors: Esakoff T. F. , Sparks T. N. , Kaimal A. J. , Kim L. H. , Feldstein V. A. , Goldstein R. B. , Cheng Y. W. , Caughey A. B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the diagnostic precision of ultrasound examination for placenta accreta in women with placenta previa and to compare the morbidity associated with accreta to that of previa alone.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all women with previa with/without accreta examined at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) between 2002 and 2008. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of ultrasound examination for the diagnosis of accreta were calculated and compared with results from similar studies in the literature. Univariable analysis was used to compare clinical outcomes.ResultsThe PPV of an ultrasound diagnosis of accreta was 68% and NPV was 98%. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 89.5%. Compared with previa alone, accreta had an odds ratio (OR) of 89.6 (95% CI, 19.44–412.95) for estimated blood loss > 2 L, an OR of 29.6 (95% CI, 8.20–107.00) for transfusion and an OR of 8.52 (95% CI, 2.58–28.11) for length of hospital stay > 4 days.ConclusionPlacenta accreta is associated with greater morbidity than is placenta previa alone. Ultrasound examination is a good diagnostic test for accreta in women with placenta previa. This is consistent with most other studies in the literature. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Animal cognition
Authors: Vallortigara Giorgio , Chiandetti Cinzia , Rugani Rosa , Sovrano Valeria Anna , Regolin Lucia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe main topics in the study of animal cognition are reviewed with special reference to direct links to human, and in particular developmental, cognitive sciences. The material is organized with regard to the general idea that biological organisms would be endowed with a small set of separable systems of core knowledge, a prominent hypothesis in the current developmental cognitive sciences. Core knowledge systems would serve to represent inanimate physical objects and their mechanical interactions (natural physics); numbers with their relationships of ordering, addition, and subtraction (natural mathematics); places in the spatial layout with their geometric relationships (natural geometry); and animate psychological objects (agents) with their goal‐directed actions (natural psychology). Some advanced forms of animal cognition, such as episodic‐like representations and planning for the future, are also discussed. WIREs Cogn Sci 2010 1 882–893This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Antenatal diagnosis of pompe disease by fetal echocardiography: impact on outcome after early initiation of enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Hamdan Mohamed A. , El‐Zoabi Bushra A. , Begam Muzibunnisa A. , Mirghani Hisham M. , Almalik Mohamed H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects most infants with Pompe disease (PD), and may serve as a marker for its antenatal diagnosis (ANDx) by fetal echocardiography (FE). Fetuses diagnosed with HCM between 2006 and 2009 were included in this study. HCM, defined as Z‐score of mean left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) and/or mass (LVM) above 2, was detected in 5/1,268 fetuses (0.39%) carried by 1,137 pregnant women referred for FE. Three fetuses (0.24%) had postnatal confirmation of PD. Their gestational age and fetal weight at diagnosis was (mean ± standard deviation) 31 ± 3.6 weeks and 1.9 ± 0.2 kg, respectively. Fetal Z‐score of LVM and LVWT was 3.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.6, respectively. Postnatally, acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) enzyme activity was nearly absent in all patients, 2 were homozygous for the mutation 1327‐2A>G in the GAA gene, and 1 was homozygous for 340insT. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was initiated 4.9 ± 7.8 days after birth (range 2 h–14 days), and continued every 2 weeks. Two infants are alive at 4 and 31 months, and one died of aspiration pneumonia at 19 months. Cardiac hypertrophy resolved after 10–12 weeks of ERT in all patients, and none required any respiratory support. One patient had normal neurodevelopmental assessment at 25 months, and one had severe global delay at 15 months before death. ANDx of PD by FE is feasible based on fetal HCM. It promotes early initiation of ERT which may improve outcome in some patients. However, larger studies and longer follow‐ups are required.
Anselm: Platonism, language and truth in Proslogion
Authors: Baark Sigurd 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhen the Proslogion is read from within the context of Anselm's De Veritate it seems that Anselm's project is firmly based on theological premises. Anselm works with a two-fold conception of truth. Truth is first of all a quality inherent in the statement itself. It is the correctness (rectitudo) of the statement. Second, truth is the correspondence with the extra-linguistic reality. This second level of truth is accidental to the statement. What provides the link between extra-linguistic reality and the statement is the Word of God, which is the level of true reference, where original statements correspond to the original will of God in the creation. When Plato asks what true knowledge is in the Theatetus, the final answer seems to be that what is needed is a statement which carries its own truth as a certainty of Being and Unity within itself. However, no such statement is presented in the dialogue. The name of God in the Proslogion is such a statement which carries its own truth as a certainty of Being and Unity within itself, in that on the first level of truth (rectituto) it is impossible to deny. As the statement concerns the Being of God and cannot be denied it necessarily overflows into the second level of truth which is correspondence with extra-linguistic reality. Therefore, this article argues that Anselm develops a statement which fulfils the criterion of true knowledge presented in the Theatetus. He manages to do this from the position of faith, which includes a strict theological rationality.
The influence of John Chrysostom's hermeneutics on John Calvin's exegetical approach to Paul's Epistle to the Romans
Authors: Awad Najeeb George 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article, I look at the possible impact of John Chrysostom's exegetical approach upon John Calvin's biblical interpretation. I detect the traces of Chrysostom's hermeneutical approach to Paul's Letter to the Romans in John Calvin's reading of the same epistle. Why Paul's literature? Because both Chrysostom and Calvin are very fond of Paul and his thinking and consider him the major voice in the Bible. Why the Epistle to the Romans specifically? Because they both believe that this epistle is valuable for the church at all times. According to them, it is the first door to the understanding of the Good News of God's salvation as proclaimed in the Bible. I make this comparison on the basis of the following foundational thesis. If the first Protestant reformers were reliant on the church's exegetical tradition, and if they believed in the affinity of their biblical reading to a long tradition of reading conducted before them, the impact of the church fathers' exegetical methodology on the reformers' biblical interpretation should be part and parcel of any scholarship we do on the Reformation's hermeneutics.
The marking of new information in children's narratives: a comparison of English, French, German and Mandarin Chinese*
Authors: Hickmann Maya , Hendriks Henriëtte , Roland Françoise , Liang James 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examines children's uses of nominal determiners (‘local markings’) and utterance structure (‘global markings’) to introduce new referents. Two narratives were elicited from preschoolers, seven-year-olds, ten-year-olds, and adults in English (N= 80), French (N= 40), German (N= 40), and Chinese (N= 40). Given typological differences (e.g. richness of morphology), these languages rely differentially on local vs. global devices to mark newness: postverbal position is obligatory in Chinese (determiners optional), indefinite determiners in the other languages (position optional). Three findings recur across languages: obligatory newness markings emerge late (seven-year-olds); local markings emerge first, including Chinese optional ones; local and global markings are strongly related. Crosslinguistic differences also occur: English-speaking preschoolers use local markings least frequently; until adult age global markings are rare in English, not contrastive in German and not as frequent in Chinese as in French, despite obligatoriness. It is concluded that three factors determine acquisition: (1) universal discourse factors governing information flow; (2) cognitive factors resulting from the greater functional complexity of global markings; (3) language-specific factors related to how different systems map both grammatical and discourse functions onto forms.
Space profiling for parallel functional programs
Authors: SPOONHOWER DANIEL , BLELLOCH GUY E. , HARPER ROBERT , GIBBONS PHILLIP B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present a semantic space profiler for parallel functional programs. Building on previous work in sequential profiling, our tools help programmers to relate runtime resource use back to program source code. Unlike many profiling tools, our profiler is based on a cost semantics. This provides a means to reason about performance without requiring a detailed understanding of the compiler or runtime system. It also provides a specification for language implementers. This is critical in that it enables us to separate cleanly the performance of the application from that of the language implementation. Some aspects of the implementation can have significant effects on performance. Our cost semantics enables programmers to understand the impact of different scheduling policies while hiding many of the details of their implementations. We show applications where the choice of scheduling policy has asymptotic effects on space use. We explain these use patterns through a demonstration of our tools. We also validate our methodology by observing similar performance in our implementation of a parallel extension of Standard ML.
Changes in body composition relative to weight and maturity in large and small strains of Australian Merino rams
Authors: Butterfield R. M. , Zamora J. , James A. M. , Thompson J. M. , Williams Jean 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTMaturing patterns are established for 93 individual muscles, and nine anatomical groups of muscles, using half carcass dissection data from 39 rams of two strains of Merinos of different mature size (91 and 116 kg). The maturity coefficients of the individual muscles and muscle groups are tabulated. Seventy-eight of the 93 muscles, and eight of the nine anatomical muscle groups, had maturing patterns which were not significantly different for the strains of sheep. In general, the muscles of the limbs and muscles surrounding the spinal column were earlier-maturing than total muscle and the muscles in the cranial end of the trunk were late maturing. The muscles of the abdominal wall matured at the same rate as total muscle.Differences in the distribution of muscle weight of the two strains of rams, when compared at the same total muscle weight, were reduced when compared at the same proportion' of mature total muscle weight. It was concluded, therefore, that apparent differences in the distribution of muscle weights, when breeds are compared at the same total muscle weight, may be due largely to differences in mature size.