bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical glaucoma medications − Possible implications on the meibomian glands
Authors: Fineide Fredrik , Magnø Morten , Dahlø Kristian , Kolko Miriam , Heegaard Steffen , Vehof Jelle , Utheim Tor Paaske 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the most common causes of blindness on a global scale is glaucoma. There is a strong association between glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Because of this, adequate IOP‐lowering is the most important treatment strategy, mostly through topical eyedrops. Well‐functioning meibomian glands are paramount for maintaining a stable tear film, and their dysfunction is the most common cause of dry eye disease. There is a growing concern that both topical glaucoma medications themselves and their added preservatives damage the meibomian glands, and consequently, the ocular surface. Preserved topical glaucoma medications appear to cause dysfunction and atrophy of the meibomian glands. Upon comparison, preserved formulations caused more symptoms of dry eye, tear film instability, inflammatory changes and meibomian gland dropout than the preservative‐free counterpart. However, although seemingly less detrimental, unpreserved alternatives may diminish glandular efficacy, and, depending on the active ingredient, lead to glandular death. This negatively impacts quality of life, adherence to treatment regimens and prognosis. In this review, we explore the available evidence regarding the effects of IOP‐lowering eye drops on the meibomian glands.
Teach them how to fish or give them fish? The effect of collective narcissism on intergroup help
Authors: Qin Yi , Cheng Lei , Li Zifei , Zhu Xueli , Wang Fang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntergroup help contributes to the solution of global issues in particular. However, whether to teach an outgroup how to address their problem permanently, or to directly help them solve the current problem? Collective narcissism might play a crucial role in this process. Based on the core characteristics of collective narcissism, this research explored whether and how collective narcissism would affect people's willingness to give different types of intergroup help. Study 1 examined the correlation between collective narcissism and intergroup help. Studies 2 and 3 investigated the impacts of outgroup threat and ingroup image on the relationship between collective narcissism and intergroup help respectively. In Study 4, the interaction between outgroup threat and ingroup image was further examined. The results showed that collective narcissism reduced participants' willingness to offer intergroup help, especially autonomy‐oriented help. For low‐threat outgroups, collective narcissism increased participants' willingness to give dependency‐oriented help. In contrast, collective narcissism increased participants' willingness to give autonomy‐oriented help when refusal to intergroup help tarnished the ingroup image. For high‐threat outgroups, collective narcissism did not predict participants' willingness to give intergroup help. These findings suggest that collective narcissists' preferences for intergroup help change with outgroup threat and ingroup image.
Becoming word meaning experts: Infants' processing of familiar words in the context of typical and atypical exemplars
Authors: Weaver Haley , Zettersten Martin , Saffran Jenny R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow do infants become word meaning experts? This registered report investigated the structure of infants' early lexical representations by manipulating the typicality of exemplars from familiar animal categories. 14‐ to 18‐month‐old infants (N = 84; 51 female; M = 15.7 months; race/ethnicity: 64% White, 8% Asian, 2% Hispanic, 1% Black, and 23% multiple categories; participating 2022–2023) were tested on their ability to recognize typical and atypical category exemplars after hearing familiar basic‐level category labels. Infants robustly recognized both typical (d = 0.79, 95% CI [0.54, 1.03]) and atypical (d = 0.70, 95% CI [0.46, 0.94]) exemplars, with no significant difference between typicality conditions (d = 0.14, 95% CI [−0.08, 0.35]). These results support a broad‐to‐narrow account of infants' early word meanings. Implications for the role of experience in the development of lexical knowledge are discussed.
Transferability of the NHS low‐calorie diet programme: A qualitative exploration of factors influencing the programme's transfer ahead of wide‐scale adoption
Authors: Burton Wendy , Padgett Louise , Nixon Nicola , Ells Louisa , Drew Kevin J. , Brown Tamara , Bakhai Chirag , Radley Duncan , Homer Catherine , Marwood Jordan , Dhir Pooja , Bryant Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlthough behavioural interventions have been found to help control type 2 diabetes (T2D), it is important to understand how the delivery context can influence implementation and outcomes. The NHS committed to testing a low‐calorie diet (LCD) programme designed to support people living with excess weight and T2D to lose weight and improve diabetes outcomes. Understanding what influenced implementation during the programme pilot is important in optimising rollout. This study explored the transferability of the NHS LCD Programme prior to wider adoption.MethodsTwenty‐five interviews were undertaken with stakeholders involved in implementing the LCD programme in pilot sites (health service leads, referring health professionals and programme deliverers). Interviews with programme participants (people living with T2D) were undertaken within a larger programme of work, exploring what worked, for whom and why, which is reported separately. The conceptual Population–Intervention–Environment–Transfer Model of Transferability (PIET‐T) guided study design and data collection. Constructs of the model were also used as a deductive coding frame during data analysis. Key themes were identified which informed recommendations to optimise programme transfer.ResultsPopulation: Referral strategies in some areas lacked consideration of population characteristics. Many believed that offering a choice of delivery model would promote acceptability and accessibility of the eligible population. Intervention: Overall, stakeholders had confidence in the LCD programme due to the robust evidence base along with anecdotal evidence, but some felt the complex referral process hindered engagement from GP practices. Environment: Stakeholders described barriers to accessing the programme, including language and learning difficulties. Transferability: Multidisciplinary working and effective communication supported successful implementation.ConclusionReferral strategies to reach underrepresented groups should be considered during programme transfer, along with timely data from service providers on access and programme benefits. A choice of delivery models may optimise uptake. Knowledge sharing between sites on good working practices is encouraged, including increasing engagement with key stakeholders.
Salinity decline promotes growth and harmful blooms of a toxic alga by diverting carbon flow
Authors: Shi Xinguo , Zou Yazhen , Zhang Yingjiao , Ding Guangmao , Xiao Yuchun , Lin Senjie , Chen Jianfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobal climate change intensifies the water cycle and makes freshest waters become fresher and vice‐versa. But how this change impacts phytoplankton in coastal, particularly harmful algal blooms (HABs), remains poorly understood. Here, we monitored a coastal bay for a decade and found a significant correlation between salinity decline and the increase of Karenia mikimotoi blooms. To examine the physiological linkage between salinity decreases and K. mikimotoi blooms, we compare chemical, physiological and multi‐omic profiles of this species in laboratory cultures under high (33) and low (25) salinities. Under low salinity, photosynthetic efficiency and capacity as well as growth rate and cellular protein content were significantly higher than that under high salinity. More strikingly, the omics data show that low salinity activated the glyoxylate shunt to bypass the decarboxylation reaction in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, hence redirecting carbon from CO2 release to biosynthesis. Furthermore, the enhanced glyoxylate cycle could promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism, consistent with the detected decrease in reactive oxygen species. These findings suggest that salinity declines can reprogram metabolism to enhance cell proliferation, thus promoting bloom formation in HAB species like K. mikimotoi, which has important ecological implications for future climate‐driven salinity declines in the coastal ocean with respect to HAB outbreaks.
Applying a method before its proof of concept: A cautionary tale using inferred food webs
Authors: Brimacombe Chris , Bodner Korryn , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: June 2024

There are significant pitfalls associated with developing food webs using inferred approaches, including violations of ecological assumptions, which considerably undermine their potentiality to resemble ecological communities and hence be practically useful. As data‐driven scientists, we must, at the very least, test against some empirical data to establish confidence that indeed the inferred food webs reflect their supposed in situ communities. Otherwise, using inferred networks to make bold claims—like the titular statement by Botella et al. (2024) that food webs are influenced by land‐use intensity—is highly unlikely to be useful, especially when the aforementioned claim is unsubstantiated by the Authors' own statistical analyses.
Moving restoration ecology forward with combinatorial approaches
Authors: Rillig Matthias C. , Lehmann Anika , Rongstock Rebecca , Li Huiying , Harris James 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOur current planetary crisis, including multiple jointly acting factors of global change, moves the need for effective ecosystem restoration center stage and compels us to explore unusual options. We here propose exploring combinatorial approaches to restoration practices: management practices are drawn at random and combined from a locally relevant pool of possible management interventions, thus creating an experimental gradient in the number of interventions. This will move the current degree of interventions to higher dimensionality, opening new opportunities for unlocking unknown synergistic effects. Thus, the high dimensionality of global change (multiple jointly acting factors) would be more effectively countered by similar high‐dimensionality in solutions. In this concept, regional restoration hubs play an important role as guardians of locally relevant information and sites of experimental exploration. Data collected from such studies could feed into a global database, which could be used to learn about general principles of combined restoration practices, helping to refine future experiments. Such combinatorial approaches to exploring restoration intervention options may be our best hope yet to achieve decisive progress in ecological restoration at the timescale needed to mitigate and reverse the most severe losses caused by global environmental change.
Bilin‐regulated LHCA1 accumulation is independent of photoreceptors PHOT, CRYs, and UVR8 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Hou Chunhui , Zhang Weiqing , Deng Rui , Xiong Hui , Duanmu Deqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLight is a critical environmental signal that is perceived by various photoreceptors and is of great significance in the photosynthetic growth of algae and plants. The phytochrome‐lacking model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii possesses heme oxygenase (HMOX1) and phycocyanobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PCYA1) to synthesize the linear tetrapyrrole bilin from heme in the chloroplast. The hmox1 mutant has photosynthetic growth deficiency and accumulation of photosystem I proteins such as LHCA1 is severely inhibited, and these defects could be rescued by exogenous bilin feeding in a blue light‐dependent manner. To investigate the contribution of the typical blue/ultraviolet light photoreceptors PHOT, aCRY, pCRY, and UVR8 in the process of bilin and blue light‐dependent recovery of LHCA1 protein in hmox1, we generated double mutants of these photoreceptors in hmox1, as well as a triple mutant of phot uvr8 hmox1, to analyze the LHCA1 protein abundance in these mutants. Results clearly showed that PHOT, CRYs, and UVR8 do not participate in this process. In addition, transcriptome profiling analysis of the hmox1 and its genetically complemented strain ho1C2 during dark‐to‐blue light transition revealed a total of 269 blue light‐responsive genes independent of bilin (|fold change| ≥ 2). RNA‐seq also identified a set of 249 differentially expressed genes that are dependent on both blue light and bilin. These findings provide valuable insights for elucidating the role of bilin in mediating blue light signaling pathways in Chlamydomonas.
Habitat preferences of Phoebetria albatrosses in sympatry and allopatry
Authors: Bentley Lily K. , Phillips Richard A. , Carpenter‐Kling Tegan , Crawford Robert J. M. , Cuthbert Richard J. , Delord Karine , Dilley Ben J. , Makhado Azwianewi B. , Miller Peter I. , Oppel Steffen , Pistorius Pierre A. , Ryan Peter G. , Schoombie Stefan , Weimerskirch Henri , Manica Andrea 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimCompetition is often proposed to drive niche segregation along multiple axes in speciose communities. Understanding spatial partitioning of foraging areas is particularly important in species that are constrained to a central place. We present a natural experiment examining variation in habitat preferences of congeneric Southern Ocean predators in sympatry and allopatry. Our aim was to ascertain consistency of habitat preferences within species, and to test whether preferences changed in the presence of the congener.LocationSouthern Hemisphere.TaxonMultiple colonies of both species within the genus Phoebetria (sooty albatrosses).MethodsThe two Phoebetria albatrosses breed on islands located from ~37–55°S – sooty albatrosses (P. fusca) in the north and light‐mantled albatrosses (P. palpebrata) in the south – with sympatric overlap at locations ~46–49°S. We analysed GPS and PTT tracks from 87 individuals and multiple remotely sensed environmental variables using GAMs, to determine and compare the key factors influencing habitat preference for each species at each breeding colony.ResultsWhile foraging habitat preferences are consistent in light‐mantled albatrosses, there is divergence of preferences in sooty albatrosses depending on whether they are in sympatry with their congener or in allopatry.Main ConclusionsThis study represents the most comprehensive work on this genus to date and highlights how habitat preferences and behavioural plasticity may influence species distributions under different competitive conditions.
EuroGuiderm guideline on lichen sclerosus—introduction into lichen sclerosus
Authors: Kirtschig G. , Kinberger M. , Kreuter A. , Simpson R. , Günthert A. , van Hees C. , Becker K. , Ramakers M. J. , Corazza M. , Müller S. , von Seitzberg S. , Boffa M. J. , Stein R. , Barbagli G. , Chi C. C. , Dauendorffer J. N. , Fischer B. , Gaskins M. , Hiltunen‐Back E. , Höfinger A. , Köllmann N. H. , Kühn H. , Larsen H. K. , Lazzeri M. , Mendling W. , Nikkels A. F. , Promm M. , Rall K. K. , Regauer S. , Sárdy M. , Sepp N. , Thune T. , Tsiogka A. , Vassileva S. , Voswinkel L. , Wölber L. , Werner R. N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionLichen sclerosus (LS) is an inflammatory skin disease affecting all ages. LS typically involves the anogenital site where it causes itching and soreness. It may lead to sexual and urinary dysfunction in females and males; however, it may be asymptomatic. First signs of LS are redness and oedema, typically followed by whitening of the genital skin; sometimes fissuring, scarring, shrinkage and fusion of structures may follow in its course. LS is associated with an increased risk of genital cancer. LS has a huge impact on the quality of life of affected patients, and it is important to raise more awareness of this not uncommon disease in order to diagnose and treat it early.ObjectivesThe guideline intends to provide guidance on the diagnostic of LS, highlight important aspects in the care of LS patients (part 1), generate recommendations and treatment algorithms (part 2) on topical, interventional and surgical therapy, based on the latest evidence, provide guidance in the management of LS patients during pregnancy, provide guidance for the follow‐up of patients with LS and inform about new developments and potential research aspects.Materials and MethodsThe guideline was developed in accordance with the EuroGuiDerm Methods Manual v1.3 https://www.edf.one/de/home/Guidelines/EDF‐EuroGuiDerm.html. The wording of the recommendations was standardized (as suggested by the GRADE Working Group). The guideline development group is comprised of 34 experts from 16 countries, including 5 patient representatives.ResultsUltrapotent or potent topical corticosteroids in females and males, adults and children remain gold standard of care for genital LS; co‐treatment with emollients is recommended. If standard treatment fails in males, a surgical intervention is recommended, complete circumcision may cure LS in males. UV light treatment is recommended for extragenital LS; however, there is limited scientific evidence. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are second line treatment. Laser treatment, using various wave lengths, is under investigation, and it can currently not be recommended for the treatment of LS. Treatment with biologics is only reported in single cases.ConclusionsLS has to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible in order to minimize sequelae like scarring and cancer development. Topical potent and ultrapotent corticosteroids are the gold standard of care; genital LS is often a lifelong disease and needs to be treated long‐term.
Predictive value of thrombin–antithrombin III complex and tissue plasminogen activator–inhibitor complex biomarkers in assessing the severity of early‐stage acute pancreatitis
Authors: Liao Chushu , Liu Guanghua , Li Lingqian , Wang Juan , Ouyang Long , Lei Ping , Fan Shasha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe development of acute pancreatitis (AP) is strongly linked to blood clotting and fibrinolysis issues. Modern clinical practices now utilize advanced blood markers like thrombin–antithrombin III complex (TAT), plasmin‐α2‐plasmin inhibitor complex, thrombomodulin (TM), and tissue plasminogen activator–inhibitor complex (t‐PAIC) to assess thrombosis risk. Our study used a highly sensitive chemiluminescence technique to measure these markers in AP patients, aiming to determine their early predictive value for AP severity.MethodsThere were 173 patients with AP, all of whom developed symptoms within 72 h; 102 individuals had onset symptoms within 48 h. The biomarkers were measured upon admission before determining the severity of AP.ResultsThe levels of TAT, plasmin‐α2‐plasmin inhibitor complex, TM, and t‐PAIC were significantly higher in the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group compared with the mild acute pancreatitis and moderate severe acute pancreatitis groups. For the patients within 72 h of onset, TAT, TM, and t‐PAIC predicted the occurrence of SAP. For the patients within 48 h of onset, TAT and t‐PAIC predicted the occurrence of SAP. The area under the curve (AUC) of prediction models is similar to Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) but significantly higher than C‐reactive protein (P < 0.05). Notably, t‐PAIC had a larger AUC than TAT, BISAP, and C‐reactive protein.ConclusionIn the initial 48 h, plasma TAT and t‐PAIC levels may predict the development of SAP. Within 72 h, plasma levels of TAT, TM, and t‐PAIC may predict the development of SAP, and the TAT + TM + t‐PAIC prediction model achieved a maximum AUC of 0.915, comparable to BISAP.
A randomized controlled trial of a novel home‐based palliative care program: A report of a trial that could not be completed
Authors: Goldstein Nathan E. , Winter Shira , Mather Harriet , DeCherrie Linda V. , Kelley Amy S. , McKendrick Karen , Zhao Duzhi , Espino Christian , Sealy LaToya , Zhang Meng , Morrison R. Sean 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn response to a growing need for accessible, efficient, and effective palliative care services, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a novel palliative care at home (PC@H) model for people with serious illness that is centered around a community health worker, a registered nurse, and a social worker, with an advanced practice nurse and a physician for support. Our objectives were to measure the impact of receipt of PC@H on patient symptoms, quality of life, and healthcare utilization and costs.MethodsWe enrolled 136 patients with serious illness in this parallel, randomized controlled trial. Our primary outcome was change in symptom burden at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included change in symptom burden at 3 months, change in quality of life at 6 weeks and 3 months, estimated using a group t‐test. In an exploratory aim, we examined the impact of PC@H on healthcare utilization and cost using a generalized linear model.ResultsPC@H resulted in a greater improvement in patient symptoms at 6 weeks (1.30 score improvement, n = 37) and 3 months (3.14 score improvement, n = 21) compared with controls. There were no differences in healthcare utilization and costs between the two groups. Unfortunately, due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and a loss of funding, the trial was not able to be completed as originally intended.ConclusionsA palliative care at home model that leverages community health workers, registered nurses, and social workers as the primary deliverers of care may result in improved patient symptoms and quality of life compared with standard care. We did not demonstrate significant differences in healthcare utilization and cost associated with receipt of PC@H, likely due to inability to reach the intended sample size and insufficient statistical power, due to elements beyond the investigators' control such as the COVID‐19 public health emergency and changes in grant funding.