bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia
Authors: Guo Rong‐Xin , Tian Xu , Bazoukis George , Tse Gary , Hong Shenda , Chen Kang‐Yin , Liu Tong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth in computational power, sensor technology, and wearable devices has provided a solid foundation for all aspects of cardiac arrhythmia care. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been instrumental in bringing about significant changes in the prevention, risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of arrhythmia. This review examines the current state of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, hereditary channelopathies, and cardiac pacing. Furthermore, ChatGPT, which has gained attention recently, is addressed in this paper along with its potential applications in the field of arrhythmia. Additionally, the accuracy of arrhythmia diagnosis can be improved by identifying electrode misplacement or erroneous swapping of electrode position using AI. Remote monitoring has expanded greatly due to the emergence of contactless monitoring technology as wearable devices continue to develop and flourish. Parallel advances in AI computing power, ChatGPT, availability of large data sets, and more have greatly expanded applications in arrhythmia diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment. More precise algorithms based on big data, personalized risk assessment, telemedicine and mobile health, smart hardware and wearables, and the exploration of rare or complex types of arrhythmia are the future direction.
Work injuries and mental health challenges: A meta‐analysis of the bidirectional relationship
Authors: Granger Steve , Turner Nick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe link between work injuries and mental health challenges significantly impacts individuals, organizations, and society. However, an integrated understanding of their relationship is lacking due to fragmented research across various disciplines. Drawing from uncertainty in illness theory, our comprehensive meta‐analysis (147 samples, N = 1,457,562) clarifies the bidirectional relationship between work injuries and mental health challenges. We estimate the average strength of the association, compare temporal ordering (work injuries preceding mental health challenges, and vice versa), explore underlying mechanisms, and identify potential moderating factors. Results from a random‐effects model reveal a moderate association between work injuries and mental health challenges (k = 147, ρ = .21, 95% CI = .19, .24, 95% CR = −.11, .50). Notably, the relationship is stronger when work injuries precede mental health challenges (k = 40, ρ = .23, 95% CI = .18, .29, 95% CR = −.10, .52) compared to the reverse (k = 18, ρ = .11, 95% CI = .03, .19, 95% CR = −.23, .42). Negative cognitions and perceived job demand underlie the bidirectional relationships between work injuries and mental health challenges. These findings highlight the interconnected nature of work injuries and mental health challenges, illustrating the need for comprehensive rehabilitation approaches that integrate physical and psychological care, and paving the way for future research and interventions.
The hidden side of Social Europe: Revealing welfare Euroscepticism through focus group discussions
Authors: Eick Gianna M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile the public opinion literature on Social Europe is growing, so far, it relies on quantitative survey evidence that hides some of the arguments and motivations lying behind the standardized results. This article reveals through qualitative research that ‘welfare Euroscepticism’ (i.e., opposition towards Social Europe) needs more attention in the literature and explains why. Specifically, this article uses qualitative focus group discussions on Social Europe collected in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain (134 participants in total). The participants filled out a quantitative survey before the discussions started and these survey results are in line with the usual public opinion literature on Social Europe, that is, relatively supportive of the social dimension of the EU. However, multi‐faceted welfare Eurosceptic attitudes appeared throughout the discussion. While participants may support the general idea of a Social Europe, they are highly critical about how it actually works in practice. The analysis reveals that the public is sceptic towards both harmonizing social policies on the EU level and redistributive social policy instruments on the EU level. Three overarching and partly overlapping rationales appear to drive welfare Euroscepticism: (1) economic self‐interest, (2) cultural ideology and (3) the democratic deficit. The results emphasize the public preferences for more conditional redistributive policies and the need to make Social Europe more visible to the public.
Rhnull phenotype in an Indian patient due to a novel c.1138 + 2 t > a mutation in the RHAG gene
Authors: Banerjee Soumee , Mathur Ankit , Hurkat Neha , Chakraborty Santanu , Reddy T. V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Rh system is an extremely important RBC antigen system with over 50 antigens, 5 of which (D, C, E, c and e) are considered most clinically significant. The rare Rhnull phenotype can result from mutations in the RHD and RHCE genes or the RHAG gene that affects their expression. This is a case report of the second type.Case ReportThis case reports a multiparous lady who had to be evaluated for a panreactive antibody. The discrepancy was first identified at the centre she reported to. A thorough immunohematological workup was performed at a second reference laboratory. Suspecting Rhnull phenotype, a third referral (molecular typing) was requested at International Blood Group Reference Laboratory (IBGRL), Bristol.ResultsA novel RHAG null allele (c.1138+2t>a), causing a Rhnull phenotype was identified. The antibody was most likely an anti‐Rh 29 antibody.ConclusionThe novel c.1138+2 t > a mutation in the RHAG gene causing the Rhnull phenotype and development of a pan reacting antibody(ies) made the patient's pregnancy challenging. Confirmation of the diagnosis, an important step in her management, required use of both serological immunohematology and molecular techniques.
The construction of canine distal limb models used in teaching sonography identification of vegetal foreign bodies
Authors: Schoenfeld Ebony , Stanley Felicity , Combs Martin , Callcott Esther , Williams Alexandra , Rotne Randi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMusculoskeletal ultrasonography is a useful tool to identify radiolucent vegetal foreign bodies (VFBs). However, limited ultrasound experience and unfamiliarity with the normal sonographic appearance of anatomical structures can decrease clinician confidence. This study aimed to design a reusable silicone model that can teach VFB identification within the canine distal limb. Four canine hindlimbs were used to design the silicone models, and 12 canine distal forelimbs were constructed. The model was constructed using cadaver bones, barley grass (Avena fatua) seeds, and silicone to mimic the anatomy of the canine distal limb with a grass seed VFB. Limbs were randomly grouped based on grass seed locations: (1) the interdigital webbing, (2) the palmar surface of the canine forelimb immediately proximal to the metacarpal pad, (3) the dorsal surface of the distal limb immediately proximal to the proximal phalange, or (4) no grass seed (control) placed. Each limb was systematically ultrasounded and compared with cadaver limbs and clinical VFB cases. A comparison of ultrasonographic images validated the construction, revealing that the simulation model replicates the anatomical and echotexture characteristics of the normal canine distal limb. Furthermore, these models also have a likeness to clinical canine distal limb VFB cases and can be utilized as a training tool.
What is Legal Theory?
Authors: Executivo Comitê , Auer Marietta 
Published: May 2024

In recent years, legal theory has developed into a generic term for multidisciplinary legal thinking. Under the heading of legal theory, scholars have explored novel pathways to legal research by using insights and methodologies from a multitude of research fields ranging from cultural studies and economics to genetics and neuroscience. This development stands in contrast to the classic field definition of 20th-century legal theory and 19thcentury general jurisprudence. The classic view conceived both legal theory and its precursor, general jurisprudence, as deliberately anti-philosophical approaches to theoretical reflection on the general structures of positive law. More recently, however, a shift in the internal structure as well as the epistemic aims of legal scholarship has taken place. The present article analyses this development within the framework of the history and philosophy of science. It suggests that interdisciplinar knowledge is a vital and indeed intrinsic part of legal scholarship. An unchartered space nevertheless remains between the disciplinary and the multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary forms of legal knowledge. The recent shift in the research agenda of legal theory highlights this theoretical vacuum, and it is precisely here that the present article situates the potential for a philosophically sophisticated legal theory. It argues that legal theory can best fulfil its goal if it provides tools for multidisciplinar theorising as well as categories for critical reflection on the preconditions of legal epistemology. This essay thus presents legal theory as a philosophical theory of multidisciplinary jurisprudence.

KEYWORDS: legal theory; general jurisprudence; multidisciplinarity; philosophy of science; history of science
On dynamically convex contact manifolds and filtered symplectic homology
Authors: Kwon Myeonggi , Oba Takahiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we are interested in characterizing the standard contact sphere in terms of dynamically convex contact manifolds, which admit a Liouville filling with vanishing symplectic homology. We first observe that if the filling is flexible, then those contact manifolds are contactomorphic to the standard contact sphere. We then investigate quantitative geometry of those contact manifolds focusing on similarities with the standard contact sphere in filtered symplectic homology.
Characterization of Ssc, an
N
-acetylgalactosamine-containing
Staphylococcus aureus
surface polysaccharide
Authors: Lei Mei G. , Jorgenson Matthew A. , Robbs Emily J. , Black Ian M. , Archer-Hartmann Stephanie , Shalygin Sergei , Azadi Parastoo , Lee Chia Y. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Whole genome sequencing has revealed that the genome of
Staphylococcus aureus
possesses an uncharacterized 5-gene operon (SAOUHSC_00088–00092 in strain 8325 genome) that encodes factors with functions related to polysaccharide biosynthesis and export, indicating the existence of a new extracellular polysaccharide species. We designate this locus as
ssc
for staphylococcal surface carbohydrate. We found that the
ssc
genes were weakly expressed and highly repressed by the global regulator MgrA. To characterize Ssc, Ssc was heterologously expressed in
Escherichia coli
and extracted by heat treatment. Ssc was also conjugated to AcrA from
Campylobacter jejuni
in
E. coli
using protein glycan coupling technology (PGCT). Analysis of the heat-extracted Ssc and the purified Ssc-AcrA glycoconjugate by tandem mass spectrometry revealed that Ssc is likely a polymer consisting of
N
-acetylgalactosamine. We further demonstrated that the expression of the
ssc
genes in
S. aureus
affected phage adsorption and susceptibility, suggesting that Ssc is surface-exposed.

IMPORTANCE

Surface polysaccharides play crucial roles in the biology and virulence of bacterial pathogens.
Staphylococcus aureus
produces four major types of polysaccharides that have been well-characterized. In this study, we identified a new surface polysaccharide containing N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). This marks the first report of GalNAc-containing polysaccharide in
S. aureus
. Our discovery lays the groundwork for further investigations into the chemical structure, surface location, and role in pathogenesis of this new polysaccharide.
Lignin degradation by a novel thermophilic and alkaline yellow laccase from
Chitinophaga
sp.
Authors: Buzzo Bárbara Bonfá , Lima Natália Sarmanho Monteiro , Pereira Pâmela Aparecida Maldaner , Gomes-Pepe Elisângela Soares , Sartini Camila Cesario Fernandes , Lemos Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are oxidoreductases that belong to the multicopper oxidase subfamily and are classified as yellow/white or blue according to their absorption spectrum. Yellow laccases are more useful for industrial processes since they oxidize nonphenolic compounds in the absence of a redox mediator and stand out for being more stable and functional under extreme conditions. This study aimed to characterize a new laccase that was predicted to be present in the genome of
Chitinophaga
sp. CB10 – Lac_CB10. Lac_CB10, with a molecular mass of 100.06 kDa, was purified and characterized via biochemical assays using guaiacol as a substrate. The enzyme demonstrated extremophilic characteristics, exhibiting relative activity under alkaline conditions (CAPS buffer pH 10.5) and thermophilic conditions (80–90°C), as well as maintaining its activity above 50% for 5 h at 80°C and 90°C. Furthermore, Lac_CB10 presented a spectral profile typical of yellow laccases, exhibiting only one absorbance peak at 300 nm (at the T2/T3 site) and no peak at 600 nm (at the T1 site). When lignin was degraded using copper as an inducer, 52.27% of the material was degraded within 32 h. These results highlight the potential of this enzyme, which is a novel yellow laccase with thermophilic and alkaline activity and the ability to act on lignin. This enzyme could be a valuable addition to the biorefinery process. In addition, this approach has high potential for industrial application and in the bioremediation of contaminated environments since these processes often occur at extreme temperatures and pH values.

IMPORTANCE

The characterization of the novel yellow laccase, Lac_CB10, derived from
Chitinophaga
sp. CB10, represents a significant advancement with broad implications. This enzyme displays exceptional stability and functionality under extreme conditions, operating effectively under both alkaline (pH 10.5) and thermophilic (80–90°C) environments. Its capability to maintain considerable activity over extended periods, even at high temperatures, showcases its potential for various industrial applications. Moreover, its distinctive ability to efficiently degrade lignin—demonstrated by a significant 52.27% degradation within 32 h—signifies a promising avenue for biorefinery processes. This newfound laccase's characteristics position it as a crucial asset in the realm of bioremediation, particularly in scenarios involving contamination at extreme pH and temperature levels. The study's findings highlight the enzyme's capacity to address challenges in industrial processes and environmental cleanup, signifying its vital role in advancing biotechnological solutions.
Antimony susceptible
Leishmania donovani
: evidence from
in vitro
drug susceptibility of parasites isolated from patients of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in pre- and post-miltefosine era
Authors: Ghosh Sushmita , Verma Aditya , Kumar Dhiraj , Deep Deepak Kumar , Ramesh V. , Salotra Poonam , Singh Ruchi 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients are a key source of
Leishmania donovani
parasites, hindering the goal of eliminating visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Monitoring treatment response and parasite susceptibility is essential due to increasing drug resistance. We assessed the drug susceptibility of PKDL isolates (
n
= 18) from pre-miltefosine (MIL) era (1997–2004) with isolates (
n
= 16) from the post-miltefosine era (2010–2019) and post-miltefosine treatment relapse isolates (
n
= 5) towards miltefosine and amphotericin B (AmB) at promastigote stage and towards sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) at amastigote stage. PKDL isolates were examined for mutation in gene-encoding AQP1 transporter, C26882T mutation on chromosome 24, and miltefosine-transporter (MT). PKDL isolates from the post-miltefosine era were significantly more susceptible to SAG than SAG-resistant isolates from the pre-miltefosine era (
P
= 0.0002). There was no significant difference in the susceptibility of parasites to miltefosine between pre- and post-miltefosine era isolates. The susceptibility of PKDL isolates towards AmB remained unchanged between the pre- and post-miltefosine era. However, the post-miltefosine era isolates had a higher IC
50
value towards AmB compared with PKDL relapse isolates. We did not find any association between AQP1 gene sequence variation and susceptibility to SAG, or between miltefosine susceptibility and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in the MT gene. This study demonstrates that recent isolates of
Leishmania
have resumed susceptibility to antimonials
in vitro
. The study also offers significant insights into the intrinsic drug susceptibility of
Leishmania
parasites over the past two decades, covering the period before the introduction of miltefosine and after its extensive use.

IMPORTANCE

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients, a key source of
Leishmania donovani
parasites, hinder eliminating visceral-leishmaniasis. Assessment of the susceptibility of PKDL isolates to antimony, miltefosine (MIL), and amphotericin-B indicated that recent isolates remain susceptible to antimony, enabling its use with other drugs for treating PKDL.
Transport and deposition of the 39.8 ka Campanian Ignimbrite large-scale pyroclastic density currents (Italy)
Authors: Silleni Aurora , Giordano Guido , Ort Michael H. , Isaia Roberto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Processes of transport and deposition of large-scale pyroclastic density currents, which transport 102–103 km3 of material, are still poorly understood. The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) 7 Campanian Ignimbrite pyroclastic density current is one such poorly understood case that is subject to lively scientific debates about its origin and processes. The Campanian Ignimbrite is related to the 39.8 ka eruption that formed the partly submarine and active Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy. The related pyroclastic density current extended over an area of more than 6000 km2 on land around the caldera, with a final runout of ~75 km, and surmounted mountain ridges higher than 1000 m above sea level, even at distal reaches. We used physical characteristics of the ignimbrite to understand the transport and emplacement dynamics of the Campanian Ignimbrite pyroclastic density current. Thickness, mass, and clast-size distributions across paleotopography were used to infer that the main transport system was a dilute, density-stratified pyroclastic density current, which was at least 1.5 km thick, which was short-lived (possibly as short as ~20 min), and which had a mass flow rate of ~1011 kg/s. At its base, high-concentration undercurrents formed and interacted with the rough paleotopography, laying down a low-aspect-ratio ignimbrite sheet when on flat plains, but generating back-flows from ridges and channeling in paleovalleys. The deposit is predominantly a massive valley-pond ignimbrite facies, even across rough mountain terrains. The absence of veneer facies on steep slopes reflects the near-Newtonian rheology of the undercurrents, interpreted as fluidized dense granular flows. This work advances the interpretations of pyroclastic density current deposits, which do not necessarily directly reflect conditions in the transport system.
Effects of commercial thinning on characteristics of naturally regenerated coniferous stands from Eastern North-America
Authors: Power Hugues , Tremblay Stéphane , Auger Isabelle , Duchateau Emmanuel 
Published: May 2024

Commercial thinning is a silvicultural treatment that has been practiced for centuries in Europe. However, in Eastern Canada, its application to naturally regenerated stands is much more recent, and long-term monitoring of this treatment realized in an operational context is rare. We monitored 135 paired sample plots (thinned and control) over a 20-year period. The plots are in stands dominated by either black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.), or balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and distributed throughout the boreal and temperate forests of Québec (Canada). Twenty years after treatment, thinning increased quadratic mean diameter (QMD) for balsam fir (1.7 cm) and jack pine (0.7 cm), while for black spruce the change in QMD varied according to the QMD before treatment. Periodic annual increment in gross merchantable volume of thinned and control plots was similar for balsam fir and jack pine but was less in thinned black spruce plots during the first 5 years. Thinning did not affect mortality, which remained low until 15 years after treatment. As commercial thinning should gain popularity over the next years, our study provides a benchmark of the expected effects when the treatment is performed in an operational context.
Vacuum stability in the one-loop approximation of a 331 model
Authors: Dorsch G. C. , Louzi A. A. , Sánchez-Vega B. L. , Viglioni A. C. D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we analyze the vacuum stability of the economical 331 model at the one-loop level using the renormalization group equations and a single-scale renormalization method. By integrating these equations, we determine stability conditions up to the Planck scale, incorporating constraints from recent experimental data on new Higgs-like bosons, charged scalars, and charged and neutral gauge bosons. Our analysis uncovers intriguing relations between the mass of the heaviest scalar and the masses of exotic quarks, in order to ensure stability of the model up to the Planck scale. For the 331 energy scale used in this work, 18 TeV, we find an upper bound on the heaviest quark mass of the model, which is not so distant from future LHC runs, serving as bounds to be searched. Additionally, we explore relations between the scalar couplings coming stability and perturbativity conditions. These impose unprecedented constraints on the economical 331 model.