bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Specific Differences in Oncogenic Pathway Dysregulation in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Rao Arati V. , Valk Peter J.M. , Metzeler Klaus H. , Acharya Chaitanya R. , Tuchman Sascha A. , Stevenson Marvaretta M. , Rizzieri David A. , Delwel Ruud , Buske Christian , Bohlander Stefan K. , Potti Anil , Löwenberg Bob 
Published: October 2009

Purpose To define the biology driving the aggressive nature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients. Patients and Methods Clinically annotated microarray data from 425 patients with newly diagnosed de novo AML from two publicly available data sets were analyzed after age-specific cohorts (young ≤ 45 years, n = 175; elderly ≥ 55 years; n = 144) were prospectively identified. Gene expression analysis was conducted utilizing gene set enrichment analysis, and by applying previously defined and tested signature profiles reflecting dysregulation of oncogenic signaling pathways and altered tumor environment. Results Elderly AML patients as expected had worse overall survival and event-free survival compared with younger patients. Analysis of oncogenic pathways revealed that older patients had higher probability of RAS, Src, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway activation (all P < .0001). Hierarchical clustering revealed that younger patients with AML in cluster 2 had clinically worse survival, with high RAS, Src, and TNF pathway activation compared with patients in cluster 1. However, among elderly patients with AML, those in cluster 1 also demonstrated high RAS, Src, and TNF pathway activation but this did not translate into differences in survival. Conclusion AML in the elderly represents a distinct biologic entity characterized by unique patterns of deregulated signaling pathway variations that contributes to poor survival. These insights should enable development and adjustments of clinically meaningful treatment strategies in the older patient population.
Do Male Lymphoma Survivors Have Impaired Sexual Function?
Authors: Kiserud Cecilie E. , Schover Leslie R. , Dahl Alv A. , Fosså Alexander , Bjøro Trine , Loge Jon Håvard , Holte Harald , Yuan Ying , Fosså Sophie D. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose Sexual function in male lymphoma survivors was examined and compared with that of age-matched controls. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study included serum gonadal hormone levels (testosterone, sex hormone–binding globulin, luteinizing hormone [LH], and follicle-stimulating hormone) and responses to questionnaires assessing sexual function (Brief Sexual Function Inventory [BSFI]), socioeconomic factors, quality of life, emotional distress, and fatigue. The lymphoma group included 246 men ≤ 50 years old at diagnosis who were diagnosed from 1980 to 2002 and treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital. For each lymphoma survivor, two age-matched controls (n = 492) were drawn from a normative sample with BSFI scores. Results The lymphoma survivors had a mean age at survey of 47.4 years, the mean duration of follow-up was 14.8 years, and 79% lived in committed relationships. All BSFI domain scores decreased significantly with age. Lymphoma survivors having low testosterone and/or elevated LH had lower BSFI scores than survivors with normal gonadal hormones. Multivariate analyses showed that increasing age, more emotional distress, poor physical health, and low testosterone and/or elevated LH were significantly associated with reduced sexual function within the lymphoma group. Lymphoma survivors had significantly lower BSFI domain scores than did controls on erection, ejaculation, and sexual satisfaction. Conclusion Lymphoma survivors had significantly poorer sexual function than normative controls. It is unclear whether the abnormal hormone levels directly cause the reduced sexual function within the lymphoma group or if a mediating factor is involved, such as aging, emotional distress, or perceived health status.
Lack of Association between Urinary Iodine Excretion and Successful Thyroid Ablation in Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Tala Jury Hernan P. , Castagna Maria Grazia , Fioravanti Carla , Cipri Claudia , Brianzoni Ernesto , Pacini Furio 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Background: Low-iodine diet is prescribed before 131I administration in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, although no study has properly quantified its clinical benefit.
Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and 131I ablation by correlating UIE with the rate of successful ablation.
Patients: We retrospectively studied 201 differentiated thyroid cancer patients who had received 131I therapy and posttherapy whole-body scan (WBS) for remnant ablation after either thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW group, n = 125) or recombinant human TSH (rhTSH group, n = 76). The outcome of thyroid ablation was assessed using two different criteria: no visible uptake at control WBS 8–12 months after ablation or no visible uptake plus undetectable stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg).
Results: According to the criterion of no visible uptake, 84.6% of the patients were successfully ablated, with no significant difference between THW and rhTSH groups. Mean UIE at the time of ablation was 132 ± 160 μg/liter, not significantly different between patients of the THW and rhTSH groups. There was no significant difference in UIE between ablated or nonablated patients both in the whole group and the rhTSH or THW groups. According to the criterion of no visible uptake plus undetectable stimulated serum Tg (in anti-Tg negative patients) at control WBS 8–12 months after ablation, UIE was not significantly different in ablated and nonablated patients.
Conclusions: Our study indicates that the body iodine content is not an important determinant of thyroid ablation, when preparing the patients with either THW or rhTSH.
Preparation of Zirconia Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: Tan Dezhi , Teng Yu , Liu Yin , Zhuang Yixi , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We report on the synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in water or ammonia at room temperature. Mixtures of tetragonal and monoclinic zirconia nanoparticles were obtained in water, while tetragonal zirconia nanoparticles were synthesized in ammonia. The mechanism of the formation of zirconia nanoparticles was discussed.
Preparation of Hydrophilic Nanoparticles of C60 with High Resistance to Aggregation during Storage, using 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Iohara Daisuke , Hirayama Fumitoshi , Kansui Hisao , Aoshima Hisae , Yamana Shuichi , Yano Mitsunobu , Kitaguchi Jyunji , Takashima Shigekazu , Uekama Kaneto 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Hydrophilic nanoparticles of C60 were prepared by co-grinding with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) or γ-CyD in a molar ratio 1:2 using an automatic magnetic agitating mortar for 3 h at 4 °C and reduced pressure. The nanoparticles (about 55 nm) in the γ-CyD colloidal solution were significantly aggregated during storage at 25 °C, increasing in size to about 800 nm. On the other hand, the size of the C60/HP-β-CyD nanoparticles (about 90 nm) remained small for 28 days. C60/HP-β-CyD nanoparticles had a high propensity for generating superoxide anions. HP-β-CyD is useful for preparation of hydrophilic nanoparticles of C60 and preferred as an efficient stabilizing agent for pharmaceutical application of C60.
The Direct Conversion of Ethanol to Ethyl and Methyl Acetates Catalyzed by Iridium Complex
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Obora Yasushi , Ishii Yasutaka 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Ethanol was efficiently converted to ethyl and methyl acetates by [Cp*IrCl2]2 combined with 2-(methylamino)ethanol and a base like Cs2CO3 at room temperature in acetone in high yield, which provides the first Ir-catalyzed direct route to ethyl and methyl acetates from ethanol.
Influence of Duration of tests at Constant Rate of Strain on Measured “Drained” Strength
Authors: Gibson R. E. , Henkel D. J. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis Theory shows that a fully drained condition is impossible to attain in a laboratory “drained” test run at a constant rate of strain. However, expressions which have been derived in this paper enable an estimate to be made of the duration of the test necessary to ensure a certain closeness of approximation to the fully drained condition. The results of a number of drained triaxial and shear-box tests on three clays—eked out at various rates of strain are shown to confirm, in a general way, the predictions of the theory. La théorie démontre l'impossibilité d'obtenir une condition complétement drainée, au cours d'un essai de drainage effecté dans le laboratoire à un taux constant de charge. Cependant, lee expressions déivées dans cette étude permettent d'établir la durée approximative de l'essai nécessaire pour assurer une certaine exactitude d'approximation à la condition complètement drainée. Les résultats d'un certain nombre d'essak triaxiaux et de boîte de cisaillement avec drainage faits sur trois sortes d'argile, à plusieurs taux de charge, confirment, d'une façon générale, les prédictions de la théorie.
Stabilization by Pressure Grouting on American Railroads
Authors: Smith Rockwell , Peck R. B. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis During the last 15 years, injection of cement-sand slurries into the subgrades of unstable railroad track has become a routine method of stabilisation in the United States. This Paper describes the equipment developed for the work, the grouting mixtures used, and the results obtained. Savings in cost of maintenance are, on the average, sufficient to repay the cost of grouting in about 3 years, whereas the benefits generally have continued for many more years. Fills that have become unstable because of accumulation of water in large voids have also been successfully treated by the method. Au cours des quinze derniéres années, l'injection de coulis de sable et ciment dans les plates-formes de terrassement de voies ferrées est devenu méthode courante de stabilisation aux Etats-Unis. Ce document décrit le matériel mis au point pour ce genre de travaux, les mélanges de mortiers liquides utilisés et les résultats obtenus. Les économies effectuées du point de vue des frais d'entretien sont en moyenne suffisantes pour rembourser les depenses, en trois ans environ, qu'entraine ce jointoiement alors que les avantages qui en découlent ont durépendant un bien plus grand nombre d'années. Des remblais, qui sont devenus instables du fait de l'accumulation d'eau dans de vastes poches, ont également été traités par cette méthode avec un plein succés.
Notes on the Design of the Liquid Limit Device
Authors: Casagrande Arthur 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis From experience during the 30 years since he built the first liquid limit device, and from his observations on the use and abuse of this device in many laboratories, the Author concludes that accurate duplication of results requires improved standardization of several details in its design. The design shown in Figs 1 and 2 is recommended as a standard. It maintains the basic dimensions and hardness of base which have been accepted by tacit agreement and have been in use in many countries for about a quarter of a century. In discussing the complications arising from the use of a substantially different hardness of base in the British Standard, the Author suggests as a possible solution replacement of the liquid limit test by a more rational test based on the measurement of shear strength. D'après l'expérience acquise au tours des 30 ans depuis qu'il construisit le premier appareil à limite de liquidité, et d'après ses observations sur l'emploi et l'abus d'emploi de cet appareil dans de nombreux laboratoires, l'auteur conclut que la répétition précise des résultats demande une normalisation améliorée de plusieurs détails dans sa conception. Le modèle représenté figures 1 et 2 est recommandé comme modèle normal. II garde les dimensions principales et la dureté de base acceptées par accord tacite et utilisées dans de nombreux pays depuis un quart de siècle. En discutant des complications survenant de l'emploi d'une dureté de base substantiellement différente de la norme britannique, l'auteur suggère comme solution possible le remplacement de l'épreuve de limite de liquidité par une épreuve plus rationnelle basée sur la mesure de la résistance au cisaillement.
Moderating the Rate of Settlement of a Building Founded Upon a Salt Massif
Authors: Beles A. A. , Stǎnculescu I. I. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis The Paper presents the studies and works undertaken in order to moderate the rate of settlement of a building founded upon a salt massif. The settlements resulted from the solution of the salt massif lying under the building, through the action of an active fresh-water current. Apart from the usual drainage measures, the circulation of the fresh water was stopped by the construction of an impermeable clay apron. This apron was constructed by the punning of specially treated clay in borings made down to the level of the salt massif. Data are given both as to the means adopted to accomplish the work and the effect in moderating the rate of settlements of the building. Le mémoire présente les études et travaux entrepris pour ralentir le rythme du tassement d'une construction fondée au-dessus d'un massif de sel. Les tassements provenaient de la dissolution du massif de se1 par l'action d'un courant actif d'eau douce. Hors les mesnres de drainage usuelles on a eu recours à un colmatage du trajet de circulation des eaux douces au-dessus du massif de sel, par la création d'un voile d'argile. Le voile a éte´ réalisé par le matage de l'argile spécialement traitée, introduite dans des forages portés jusqu'au niveau du massif de sel. Des renseignements sont donnés en ce qui concerne les moyens d'accomplissement des travaux et les effets obtenus pour ralentir le rythme du tassement de la construction.
The Calculation of Laboratory and In-situ Values of California Bearing Ratio from Bearing Capacity Data
Authors: Black W. P. M. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis The Paper briefly reviews the factors which affect the results of in-situ and laboratory California bearing ratio tests. A relation between CBR and bearing capacity is developed which enables the in-situ CBR value to be calculated from a knowledge of the cohesion, true angle of internal friction, and suction of the soil. A method of correcting the in-situ value to take into account the confining action of the mould used in labortory tests is proposed. Laboratory investigations made on a single-sizee sand and on a heavy clay are reported in which close agreement was found between computed and measured CBR values. Cet article esquisse les facteurs qui influent sur les résultats des essais CBR in situ et au laboratoire. On developpe un rapport entre le CBR et la capacité portante qui permet de calculer la valeur CBR in situ si on connaît la cohésion, l'angle de frottement interne véritable et la suction du sol. On propose une méthode pour corriger la valeur in situ afin de tenir compte de la contrainte exercée par le moule proposed. employé dans les essais au laboratoire. On décrit des recherches faites au laboratoire avec un sable élémentaire et avec une argile lourde et on constate un bon accord entre les valeurs calculées et les valeurs mesurées.
Long-Term Loading of Short-Bored Piles
Authors: Green Harry 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis Bored piles 12 in. and 14 in. dia. × 10 ft long were loaded with their design loads 1 year after casting and their settlements were observed over a period of 4 years. Settlement continued throughout the period of the test but the rate of settlement was small after the first 3 months. The settlements at loads in excess of the design loads were small compared with those of similar piles subjected to shor-term tests. Des pieux creux de 12 pouce et 14 pouce de diamètre × 10 pieds de long furent chargés avec leurs charges préues, une année après avoir été coulés et leurs tassements furent observés pendant une période de quatre annés. Le tassement continua pendant toute la durée de l'essai, mais le taux de tassement fut petit après les trois premiers mois. Les tassements à des charges en excés des charges prévues furent peu importants par comparaison avec ceux de pieux semblables soumis à des essais de courte durée.
A Laboratory Investigation of Two Red Clays from Kenya
Authors: Newill Donald 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis The red clay soils of Kenya are known to possess unusual properties for clays such as low compressibility and a high angle of shearing resistance and to present difficulties in the interpretation of laboratory tests such as the plasticity and compaction tests. A laboratory study has been made of the proper- ties of two typical red clays with the main object of determining the parts played by the clay mineral—whether hydrated halloysite or metahalloysite—and the coating of iron oxide on the soil particles. Investigations of the suitability of the two soils for stabilization with Portland cement and hydrated lime are also reported. On sait que les sols d'argile rouge du Kenya possèdent des propriétés peu communes pour des argiles de compressibilité aussi faible, d'un angle de résistance au cisaillement élevé et présentant des difficultés pour l'interprétation des essais de laboratoire tels que les essais de plasticité et de compactage. Une étude de laboratoire a été faite sur les propriétés de deux argiles rouges typiques dans le but principal de déterminer les rôles joués par le minéral argileux—soit halloysite hydraté, soit métahalloysite—et le revêtement d'oxyde de fer sur les particules du sol. On y décrit aussi des recherches pour découvrir si les deux sols conviennent à la stabilisation du ciment Portland et de la chaux hydratée.
Field Measurements in Soil Mechanics
Authors: Cooling L. F. 
Published: October 2009

When I was invited by the British National Committee to give this second Rankine Lecture, I must confess that my reactions were of a mixed nature. While I was naturally very gratified at the honour this invitation conferred on me, I was also conscious of the fact that the task of maintaining the standard expected in these lectures was not an easy one and would be a considerable strain on my capacities. However, I was fortified into accepting the honour by the remembrance of the many occasions in the past when this Society had shown great indulgence to honest if somewhat pedestrian endeavour. On this occasion, I thought it would be of value to review the position in one broad aspect of the subject, to see how far we have travelled, what remains to be done, and in which direction we should go in future development. Such an exercise could usefully be carried out on many aspects of soil mechanics (all of them important), but the one I have chosen for this talk is that of field measurements on full-scale structures and its role in the application of soil mechanics to civil engineering problems. I have made this choice for various reasons; first, because I think it is appropriate to a Rankine Lecture, for, although in soil mechanics we tend to regard Rankine as a theorist there is no doubt that he had a full appreciation of practical considerations and the difficulties of applying theory to soil problems. In his Manual of Civil Engineering, Rankine wrote: “The properties of earth with respect to adhesion and friction are so variable, that the engineer should never trust to tables or to information obtained from books to guide him in designing earthworks, when he has it in his power to obtain the necessary data either by observation of existing earthworks in the same stratum or by experiment.” Later in the same section he wrote: “There is a mathematical theory of the combined action of friction and adhesion in earth; but for want of precise experimental data, its practical utility is doubtful.” If we interpret the term “precise experimental data” to include reliable field measurements on actual structures, then my theme is obviously in line with Rankine's thinking. My second reason is that the subject is of considerable importance in its own right for the future development of soil mechanics, and anyone who has made a study of Terzaghi's writings will have been struck by his insistence on the urgent need for taking reliable field observations. My third reason is that my colleagues and I at the Building Research Station have been particularly interested in this aspect of soil mechanics and have, from time to time over the past 25 years, carried out a number of investigations involving field measurements of various types on full-scale structures.
Shear Strength Properties of a Sample of Volcanic Material of the Valley of Mexico
Authors: Lo Kwan Yee 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis In this paper, the geotechnical properties of volcanic material of the valley of Mexico are reported. Mineralogical analyses reveal that the clay has a very open structure and consists of particles less than 2μ, mostly in the amorphous state. However, triaxial tests on samples normally and over-consolidated under condition of no lateral strain show that the angle of shearing resistance in terms of effective stresses has an extraordinary high value of 47° While in the undisturbed state, the clay behaves as a friction-cohesion material with the “true angle of internal friction” lying between 33° and 44°, the remoulded soil exhibits the characteristics of a purely cohesive material. The shear strength is dependent only on the water content at failure but indenpent of the consolidation history. The Hvorslev's friction angle is approximately zero and the cohesion factor is as high as 0·4. The implication of these results on the current concepts of shear strength are discussed. Data for the “true angle of internal friction" of other clays are collected, and it is conclusively demonstrated that Hvorsley parameters may have widely different values for the same soil in the undisturbed and remoulded state. Ce rapport présente les qualitésa géotechniques d'unn material volcaniques de la vallée du Mexique. Les analyses minéralogiques démontrent que l'argile possédeune structure trés ouverte et se compose de particulars plus petites que 2μ, le plus souvent dans un état amorphe. Les essais triaxiaux sur des échantillons, normalement et surconsolidés sous des conditions de déformation non-latérale, montrent que l'angle de résistance au cisaillement est d'une valeur extrêmement élevée de 47° en périodes des tension efficaces à l'état remanié et non-remanié. Pendant l'état non-remanié, l'argile se comporte comme une substance “frottement-cohésion” avec l'angle vrai de frottement interne s'étendant entre 33° et 44°, le sol remaine montre les caractéristique d'unne substance purement cohésive. La résistance au cisaillement ne depend que la teneur en eau àla rupture et est independance de l'histoire de consolidation. L'angle de frottement de Hvorslev est presque zéro et le coéfficient de cohésion est aussi haut que 0,4. On discute les implication des ces résultants sur les concepts courants de résistance au cisaillement. On a également collectioné la date de l'angle vrai de frottement interne des autres argiles. Pour finir, il a été demonstré que les paramètres de Hvorslev peuvent avoir des valeurs enoumement différentes pour le même sol en état remanié et non-remanié.