bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Six-Decade Portrait of Florida Marine Fisheries via Landings-Based Trophodynamic Indicators
Authors: Munyandorero Joseph , Guenther Cameron B. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Four trophic-level (TL)-based metrics—landings trophic spectra (LTS), landings proportions of TL categories (LP), landings mean TL (MTL), and fishing-in-balance index (FiB)—are used to describe Florida's coast-specific and statewide commercial, recreational, and combined marine fisheries and to examine whether “fishing down the marine food web” (FDMFW) occurred during 1950–2007. Effects of environment-dependent species, large pelagic species, market and exploitation pressures, and revenue on these metrics are also examined. For the commercial and combined landings, analyses indicate (1) significant shifts of LTS from lower to higher TLs; (2) significant declines of LP for lower-TL species (2.0 ≤ TL &lt; 3.0) and increases of LP for intermediate-TL animals (3.0 ≤ TL &lt; 4.2; Gulf of Mexico coast and whole state) and top predators (TL ≥ 4.2; Atlantic coast and whole state); (3) significant increase of MTL; and (4) increase of FiB during the 1960s–1980s (expanding fisheries) and significant declines thereafter (fisheries contractions). Such metrics for the recreational landings vary without trends, and the commercial metrics drive the combined ones. Commercial and combined FiBs highlight the late 1970s–mid-1980s as a backward-bending period characterized by declines of commercial and combined landings along with increasing MTL. Base MTLs derived for all species (groups) do not reveal any FDMFW symptoms, and use of a cutoff TL of 3.25 and exclusion of large pelagic species do not alter combined FiB. The former process maintains the increasing trend of combined MTL on the Atlantic coast and leads to stability of Gulf coast and statewide combined MTL. The evolution of economic and regulatory conditions emerges as a key factor that influenced the changes in landings trophic structure. The fisheries contractions accompanied by the reduction in landings are incompatible with an increase in exvessel price rate and revenue. Contractions in the fisheries were likely due to reduction of fishing pressure, unaccounted discards, and closed areas and seasons, which themselves were rooted in management regulations.
A Comparison of Seasonal Movement Patterns of Yellow Perch in Simple and Complex Lake Basins
Authors: Radabaugh Nicholas B. , Bauer William F. , Brown Michael L. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Determining the seasonal movement patterns of fish can provide insight into their spawning behaviors, predator–prey interactions, and habitat preferences. To investigate the seasonal movement patterns of adult yellow perch and how they are affected by lake habitat characteristics, we attached ultrasonic transmitters to two length-groups (210–235 and 250–280 mm total length) of yellow perch from populations inhabiting two temperate lakes differing in habitat diversity and basin morphology. In the simple lake, yellow perch distributions differed between seasons, mean depth and distance from shore being greatest during the summer. The observed seasonal differences were similar between the two length-groups. In the complex lake, yellow perch depth varied seasonally, the fish occupying deeper waters during the fall and shallower ones during the summer; however, the distance from shore was consistent among seasons. During the spring, males inhabited areas closer to shore than females in the complex lake, whereas the spatial distributions did not differ between sexes in the simple basin. Yellow perch from both lakes displayed similar seasonal variation in activity, movement rates being highest during the fall and lowest during the summer. Movement rates in the simple lake, however, were higher than those in the complex lake during all three seasons, which suggests that the effectiveness of passive sampling gears may vary in response to habitat complexity. These results reveal several seasonal differences in yellow perch habitat use, distribution, and activity in relation to basin complexity that may provide insight for managers considering sampling plans for individual lake types.
Effects of Water Hardness on Size and Hatching Success of Silver Carp Eggs
Authors: Rach Jeff J. , Sass Greg G. , Luoma James A. , Gaikowski Mark P. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Eggs of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix absorb water after release from the female, causing them to become turgid and to increase substantially in size. The volume of water that diffuses within an egg is most likely determined by (1) the difference in ionic concentration between the egg and the water that surrounds it and (2) the elasticity of the egg membrane. Prior observations suggest that silver carp eggs may swell and burst in soft waters. If water hardness affects silver carp reproductive success in nonnative ecosystems, this abiotic factor could limit silver carp distribution or abundance. In this study, we tested the effect of water hardness on silver carp egg enlargement and hatching success. Groups of newly fertilized silver carp eggs were placed in water at one of five nominal water hardness levels (50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg/L as CaCO3) for 1 h to harden (absorb water after fertilization). Egg groups were then placed in separate incubation vessels housed in two recirculation systems that were supplied with either soft (50 mg/L as CaCO3) or hard (250 mg/L as CaCO3) water to evaluate hatching success. Tests were terminated within 24 h after viable eggs had hatched. Eggs that were initially placed in 50-mg/L water to harden were larger (i.e., swelled more) and had a greater probability of hatch than eggs hardened in other water hardness levels. Unlike the effect of water hardness during egg hardening, the water hardness during incubation appeared to have no effect on egg hatching success. Our research suggests that water hardness may not be a limiting factor in the reproduction, recruitment, and range expansion of silver carp in North America.
Evaluation of Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) for Marking Fingerling Blue Catfish
Authors: Zeller Megan M. , Cairns Stefan H. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Visible implant elastomer (VIE) was evaluated as a means of marking advanced fingerling (∼152-mm) blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus. A laboratory study was conducted using hatchery-reared blue catfish to examine tag retention for 270 d, tag visibility, and mortality (instantaneous and delayed). Twenty blue catfish were tagged in each of three locations: the upper lip, the base of the pelvic fin, and the cheek. Another group of 20 served as the control and were not marked with VIE. The tag retention rates were 89.5, 100, and 100%, respectively, for fish tagged in the upper lip, at the base of the pelvic fin, and in the cheek, though the VIE sometimes had a tendency to fragment or migrate. Marks in the cheek had the best visibility overall. No instantaneous mortality was observed, and delayed mortality was low (5%) for all groups except those tagged at the base of the pelvic fin (30%). Overall, the cheek proved to be the best location for tagging fingerling blue catfish with VIE.
Deriving Acceptable Biological Catch from the Overfishing Limit: Implications for Assessment Models
Authors: Prager Michael H. , Shertzer Kyle W. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The recently revised Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act requires that U.S. fishery management councils avoid overfishing by setting annual catch limits (ACLs) not exceeding recommendations of the councils' scientific advisers. To meet that requirement, the scientific advisers will need to know the overfishing limit (OFL) estimated in each stock assessment, with OFL being the catch available from applying the limit fishing mortality rate to current or projected stock biomass. The advisers then will derive “acceptable biological catch” (ABC) from OFL by reducing OFL to allow for scientific uncertainty, and ABC becomes their recommendation to the council. We suggest methodology based on simple probability theory by which scientific advisers can compute ABC from OFL and the statistical distribution of OFL as estimated by a stock assessment. Our method includes approximations to the distribution of OFL if it is not known from the assessment; however, we find it preferable to have the assessment model estimate the distribution of OFL directly. Probability-based methods such as this one provide well-defined approaches to setting ABC and may be helpful to scientific advisers as they translate the new legal requirement into concrete advice.
An Inexpensive, Low‐Maintenance, Precision Amplifier, Dissolved Oxygen Sensor, and Miniature Data Logger System Designed for Long‐Term Deployment in Riverine Systems
Authors: Keenan Lawrence W. , Miller Steven J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is a dynamic water quality variable that is critical to fisheries. To obtain simultaneous DO data at 15‐min intervals over long periods (i.e., months) at a number of points along a river, a simple, inexpensive (<US$40) differential voltage amplifier circuit was developed to provide an interface between a galvanic DO probe and a miniature data logger. The circuit is designed around precision, micropower, single‐voltage supply operational amplifiers and consumes less than 3 W while isolating and amplifying the output of a galvanic DO probe. The circuit is efficient and rapid enough to be powered by the data logger's 2.5‐V, 1‐mA, 18‐ms‐read sensor trigger signal. The complete unit, including the enclosure and floats, was constructed for less than $700. Fourteen were deployed in the upper portion of the St. Johns River, Florida, over an 18‐month period. The units remained continuously deployed for 4‐ to 6‐month periods 82% of the time, and 93% of the collected data passed quality assurance tests.
Horizontal and Vertical Odor Plume Trapping of Red King Crabs Explains the Different Efficiency of Top‐ and Side‐Entrance Pot Designs
Authors: Stiansen Stian , Fernö Anders , Furevik Dag , Jørgensen Terje , Løkkeborg Svein 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInteractions between the food search behavior of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus and pot design and the consequences for entry success were studied in situ with a square pot with two funnels on opposite sides and a conical pot with one vertical funnel at the top. Red king crabs that approached the pots upcurrent were chemically stimulated and appeared to be locked onto the odor plume, whereas those that approached the pots across‐current showed more flexible search behavior. The location of the funnels meant that entry also requireed a vertical search phase. Forty percent of the red king crabs encountering the pots performed vertical searches on each type of pot, but the probability of entry once a vertical search had commenced was 20 times as high for the square pot as for the conical pot. Chemically stimulated red king crabs limited their vertical search to the bait plume. The location of the bait relative to the entrance may have caused chemically stimulated rheotaxis to lead red king crabs all the way into the square pots, in contrast to the conical pots for which the entrance is higher than the extension of the plume. These results demonstrate the importance of including both horizontal and vertical dimensions in behavioral studies of the catch efficiency of crab pots.
Intermodal interference of the lowest-order modes in hollow core optical waveguide with dielectric walls
Authors: Martincek Ivan , Pudis Dusan 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This paper deals with intermodal interference of lowest-order modes in a hollow core optical waveguide investigated theoretically and experimentally. We describe detection and excitation methods for investigation of intermodal interference in the spectral and spatial domains in the presented waveguide. In addition an analytical expression for the description of measured dependencies is also presented.
EARLY STAGES OF ARZAMA OBLIQUATA, G. and R
Authors: Brehme H. H. 
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Fusiform, thick in the middle and tapering to a small rounded summit marked by about sixteen longitudinal ribs, which are low, narrow, flat and crossed by a few fine ridges. Color yellow-brown. Duration about fifteen days.Young Larva.—About .8 inch in length, cylindrical, slender; shape like the other Arzamas. Color pale green, with a few long hairs proceeding backwards. Duration eighteen to twenty days.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF CHIONOBAS JUTTA
Authors: Fyles Thomas. W. 
Published: February 2010

Eggs laid June 17th, scattered, hatched July 1st.Egg.—Creamy white: one-twenty-fourth of an inch in diameter; shaped like a nutmeg-melon; marked longitudinally with zig-zag ridges; attached by short foot-stalk.Newly Hatched Larva.—One-eighth of an inch long. Head large in proportion to body, honey-yellow, granulated. Body attenuated and ending in two pointed prolongations; pale amber, set with brown tubercles bearing light spines. Dorsal an side lines darker amber. Spiracles dark brwon. Head and fore legs bearing a few bristles. The insect feeds with its head downwards on the edge of the leaf. Its food plant is the sedge, Carex oligosperma.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVÆ
Authors: Beutenmuller W. M. 
Published: February 2010

Datana integerrima, Gr. & Rob.Before Last Moult.—Head and cervical shield shining jet black. Body deep reddish brown, with three very fine, narrow, sordid white stripes along each side, and a broader one below the spricles, which are black, and another stripe along the middle of the venter. Thoracic feet, extremities of abdominal legs and anal legs jet black, shining. The body is also covered with sordid white hairs. Length 32 mm.
DESCRIPTION OF PREPARATORY STAGES OF DATANA MINISTRA, Drury
Authors: Beutenmuller W. M. 
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Pure white, ovoid, with flattened base the apex with black dot showing impregnation. Laid in masses, from 25 to 50 on under side of leaf.Young Larva.—Head black, shining, second segment orange brown in front, cervical shield black. Body color chestnut brown, with the stripes a little darker; anal clasps and thoracic feet jet black. Length 3 mm.
STRAY NOTES ON MYRMELEONIDÆ, Part 5
Authors: Hagen H. A. 
Published: February 2010

The species was described (1787) by Fabricius, from a specimen wanting prominent parts, antennæ and legs. The descriptions by Villers, Olivier, Gmelin, Latreile and Waler, are simply copies.Borkhausen, in 1791, described the sa mespecies as M. ocellatum, from a specimen found in Darmstadt, Hesse. The descripiton and figure are good, and Burmeister believed the N. American species to be identical.
STRAY NOTES ON MYRMELEONIDÆ, Part 5
Authors: Hagen H. A. 
Published: February 2010

The face above the epistom blackish brown, shining; mouth and a ring around the eyes yellowish; palpi yellowish; maxillary thin, apical joint cylindrical nothced on tip; labial of same length, apical joint fusiform, the conical tip notched.Antennæ as long as head and thorax, thicker at tip, which is clavate, fuscous, annulated with yellow, except on club; basal joint yellow above, second black; antennæ below largely yellow.
AN INTERESTING NEW CHALCID FROM CANADA
Authors: Ashmead WM. H. 
Published: February 2010

Among a small collection of parasitic Hymenoptera sent me by Mr. James Fletcher, the Dominion Entomologist, for names, I found an intereting Chalcid belonging to that remarkable Pteromalid genus Caratomus Dalman, no species of which has as yet been described as occurring in our fauna; and as the present species seems to be distinct from the European species, Caratomus megacephalus Dalm., I believe it to be underscribed, and submit herewith the following description:Caratomus leucophthalmus, n. sp.
STRAY NOTES ON MYRMELEONIDÆ, Part 4
Authors: Hagen H. A. 
Published: February 2010

8. Brachynemurus Carrizonus Hag., n. sp.Yellow with black lines; face yellow, above with a transversal narrow black band, separated by a yellow crescent from the antennæ, and by a narrow yellow line between the antennæ from the vertex; a faint median black line goes from the black band nearly to the clypeus; labrum yellow; palpi short, pale yellowish, maxillary with apical joint, cylindircal, black except on tip, the two preceding joints with a brownish mark in the middle; labials a little longer, apical joint hirsute, black shining except on base, fusiform, thichened, the apical third thin, pointed; on the inflated part an ocelius like spot.
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO PREVIOUS PAPERS
Authors: Hamilton John 
Published: February 2010

The lapse of time and further observation on some of the things treated of in papers previously published in the Entomologist, render it desirable to make some corrections and additions.Trogoderma ornata, Vol. XV., 91, and XVI., 37.— The treatment of this pest there detailed so completely annihilated it that it has not been seen since.
ON EARLY STAGES OF SOME LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Beutenmüller W. M. 
Published: February 2010

Chionobas Macounii, Edw.Egg.—White, subglobose, slightly flattened above and below, with about seventeen longitudinal ridges, which are connected by numerous fine transverse ridges. Length, about 1.2 m.m. Width, about 1 m. Laid July 11. Emerged July 27.
SOME TEXAS, ARIZONA AND CALIFORNIA MOTHS
Authors: French G. H. 
Published: February 2010

Ameria Texana, nov. sp.Expanse .80 inch. Of the size of shape of A. Unicolor; the hind wings more rounded at anal angle, in that respect more like Euphanessa Mendica; body slender, antennæ pectinate; palpi slender, short, projecting beyond the front less that in A. Unicolor. Color uniform gray drab, the wings diaphanous, antennæ concolorus except the inside of pectinations at base where they are black, sides of head, back of eyes and a little at base of fore wings and abdoment slightly ochraceous.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF LEPTARCTIA CALIFORNIÆ Walker, WITH NOTES ON THE GENUS
Authors: French G. H. 
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Diameter .03 inch. Globular, smooth. Color whitish, with a pearly lustre. Duration of this period here four days, in the mountains of California six days.Young Larva.—Length .07 inch. Cylindrical, six rows of tubercles from which spring hairs as long as the body. Color pale gary, head black, hairs gray. Duration of this period four days.
PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE ARCTIIDÆ OF TEMPERATE NORTH AMERICA, WITH NOTES
Authors: Smith John. B. 
Published: February 2010

As the descriptions are short and so generally unknown, I will reproduce them here:-“Var, hybrida: Primaries of D. bella, but the yellow belts indistinct, secondaries of typical D. ornatrix, but with the ground colour red as in D. bella, and with a white edged, interrupted black belt across the discoidal cell.
A NEW SPECIES OF NEONYMPHA
Authors: French G. H. 
Published: February 2010

Neonympha Mitchellii n. sp.Male.—Upper surface grayish wood-brown, rather dark, without spots or marks, except that the spots on the underside of the hind wings and the dark lines bordering the terminal dark yellow line on the same wings show through a little. Fringes concolorus, in certain lights a little smoky tinged. Under surface slightly paler than the upper, a little more of the mouse order of color, sprinkled with buff scales. Both wings are crossed by four transverse brownish-yellow stripes, so dark on the fore wings as to be yellow-brown, occupying the same position as the same lines in its ally, N. Areolatus, the first and second uniting by a rounded end about a tenth of an inch from the inner margin of hind wings, the two outer—one terminal and the other sub-terminal—also uniting before reaching anal angle.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF DATANA MAJOR G. & R
Authors: Dyar Harrison. G. 
Published: February 2010

Young larva.—Body dark reddish, inclining to black; otherwise as in the following stage.Before last moult.—Body black or reddish black, with eight longitudinal clear white stripes, as broad as the intervening spaces or broader, with the exception of the dorsal space. Beneath are three partly obsolete white lines, two of them interrupted by the legs. The head and cervical shield all dark mahogany red, as are also the abdominal feet, the bases of the thoracic feet and two spots on segments 4,5,10 and 11. Thoracic feet black.
PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE ARCTIIDÆ OF TEMPERATE NORTH AMERICA, WITH NOTES
Authors: Smith John. B. 
Published: February 2010

1873—Stretch, Zygænidæ and Bombycidæ, 118.Head small, hardly retracted; eyds inconspicuous, bulging; ocelli distinct; vestiture thin, loose and divergent; tongue weak and short, spira; palpi weak, short, drooping, with thin divergent vestiture; legs sub-equal, posterior slightly the longest; middle and posterior tibiæ each with minute terminal spurs only.
PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE ARCTIIDÆ OF TEMPERATE NORTH AMERICA, WITH NOTES
Authors: Smith John. B. 
Published: February 2010

1816—Hübner, Verzeichniss, 192.1864—Pack., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., III., 122.1874—Strech, Zyg. & Bomb., 191.The head is small and retracted; tongue obsolete, palpi very small and weak; antennæ moderately long, bipectinated in the male, simple in the female; the pectinations are long and extend to the tip; legs short and weak, all the spurs present, but very short: the two paris of the posterior tibiæ close together. The tarsal claws are as in Spilosoma, and, indeed, there is no structural difference between these two genera. Antarctia has shorter, broader wings, somewhat longer vestiture, and is not white!
DESCRIPTIONS OF LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVÆ
Authors: Beutenmüller W. M. 
Published: February 2010

Mamestra lorea, Güen.Head black, with dirty, whitish, irregular markings, antennæ pink. Body of a dirty, creamy, brown color, except the first three segments blackish. Along the dorsum is a series of lozenge shaped blackish patches, one on each segment; on the dorsum are also two rows of minute piliferous spots and two rows along each side, where there is also on each segment an ill-defined, oblique, blackish stripe. Underside semitranslucent whitish, with a number of minute piliferous spots which bear a short pale brown hair, as also do the spots above.
PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE ARCTIIDÆ OF TEMPERATE NORTH AMERICA, WITH NOTES
Authors: Smith John. B. 
Published: February 2010

E. elagans Str.1873—Stretch, Zyg. & Bomb., 189. pl 8, f. 6, Euchaeles.1875—Butler, Cist. Ent., IL., 37, Echhaetes.1876—Stretch, Wheeler's Rept. Surv., west 100 mer., V., 797, pl. 40 of 5 and 6, Euchaetes.
ON THE LISTS OF COLEOPTERA PUBLISHED BY THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA, 1842–1888
Authors: Harrington W. Hague. 
Published: February 2010

Onthophagus Hecate Panz. A.O., W., S.M.Aphodius fossor Linn. St. L.validus Horn. W.fimetarius Linn. A.O., St.L., T.L.ruricola Melsh. W.
ON THE FOOD-HABITS OF NORTH AMERICAN RHYNCHOPHORA
Authors: Beutenmuller W. M. 
Published: February 2010

In the present paper I have attempted to bring together all the FoodHabits of North American Rhynchophora (except the Scolytidæ) that have been placed on record in the various entomological publications, with the addition of my personal observations on the subject.Eugnamptus collaris and E. angustatus I have found plentifully upon the foliage of hickory and butternut trees.