bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Digitization of Photographic Spectra in the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Plate Collection with Commercial Scanners: A Pilot Study
Authors: Davidge T. J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Commercial flatbed scanners have the potential to deliver a quick and efficient means of capturing the scientific content of spectra recorded on photographic plates. We discuss the digitization of selected spectra in the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) photographic plate collection with commercial scanners. In this pilot study, emphasis is placed on assessing if the information on the plates can be recovered using Epson V800 and 12000XL scanners; the more complicated issues associated with the shortcomings of photographic materials, such as correcting for nonlinearity, are deferred to a future study. Spectra of Vega (α Lyr) that were recorded over ∼4 decades with the DAO 1.8 m telescope are examined. These spectra sample a range of photographic emulsions, plate preparation techniques, calibration information, observing techniques, and spectrograph configuration. A scanning density of 2400 elements per inch recovers information in the spectra. Differences in the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the two scanners are found, with the Epson 12000XL having a superior MTF. Comparisons with a CCD spectrum of Vega confirm that moderately weak features are faithfully recovered in photographic spectra that have been digitized with the 12000XL scanner. The importance of scanning the full plate to cover the light profile of the target and calibration information is emphasized. Lessons learned from these experiments are also presented.
ethraid: A Simple Method for Characterizing Long-period Companions Using Doppler, Astrometric, and Imaging Constraints
Authors: Van Zandt Judah , Petigura Erik A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present ethraid, an open-source Python package designed to measure the mass (m

c
) and separation (a) of a bound companion from measurements covering a fraction of the orbital period. ethraid constrains m

c
and a by jointly modeling radial velocity, astrometric, and/or direct imaging data in a Bayesian framework. Partial orbit data sets, especially those with highly limited phase coverage, are represented well by a few method-specific summary statistics. By modeling these statistics rather than the original data, ethraid optimizes computational efficiency with minimal reduction in accuracy. ethraid uses importance sampling to efficiently explore the often broad posteriors that arise from partial orbits. The core computations of ethraid are implemented in Cython for speed. We validate ethraid's performance by using it to constrain the masses and separations of the planetary companions to HD 117207 and TOI-1694. We designed ethraid to be both fast and simple, as well as to give broad, “quick look” constraints on companion parameters using minimal data. ethraid is pip installable and available on Zenodo and GitHub.
A Comparative Study of TESS Light-curve Extraction Methods Applied to Blazars
Authors: Poore Ethan , Carini Michael , Dingler Ryne , Wehrle Ann E. , Wiita Paul J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Blazars are characterized by largely aperiodic variability on timescales ranging from minutes to decades across the electromagnetic spectrum. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission provides continuous sampling of blazar variability on timescales ranging from tens of minutes to 27 days for a single sector observation. Proper removal of the background, thermal ramping, and onboard systematic effects are crucial to the extraction of a reliable blazar light curve. Multiple publicly available procedures have been created to correct for these effects. Using ground-based observations from the Zwicky Transit Facility (ZTF) and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) as “ground truth” observations, we compare six different methods (regression, cotrending basis vectors, pixel-level decorrelation, eleanor, quaver, and simple differential photometry) to each other, and to our “ground truth” observations, to identify which methods properly correct light curves of a sample of 11 bright blazars, including the suspected neutrino source TXS 0506+056. In addition to comparing the resulting light curves, we compare the slopes of the power spectral densities, perform least-square fitting to simultaneous ZTF data, and quantify other statistical qualities generated from the light curves of each method. We find that only three of the six methods compared (simple differential photometry, eleanor, and quaver) produce TESS light curves consistent with the ground-based ZTF and ATLAS observations.
SAGAbg. I. A Near-unity Mass-loading Factor in Low-mass Galaxies via Their Low-redshift Evolution in Stellar Mass, Oxygen Abundance, and Star Formation Rate
Authors: Kado-Fong Erin , Geha Marla , Mao Yao-Yuan , de los Reyes Mithi A. C. , Wechsler Risa H. , Asali Yasmeen , Kallivayalil Nitya , Nadler Ethan O. , Tollerud Erik J. , Weiner Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Measuring the relation between star formation and galactic winds is observationally difficult. In this work we make an indirect measurement of the mass-loading factor (the ratio between the mass outflow rate and star formation rate) in low-mass galaxies using a differential approach to modeling the low-redshift evolution of the star-forming main sequence and mass–metallicity relation. We use Satellites Around Galactic Analogs (SAGA) background galaxies, i.e., spectra observed by the SAGA Survey that are not associated with the main SAGA host galaxies, to construct a sample of 11,925 spectroscopically confirmed low-mass galaxies from 0.01 ≲ z ≤ 0.21 and measure auroral line metallicities for 120 galaxies. The crux of the method is to use the lowest-redshift galaxies as the boundary condition of our model, and to infer a mass-loading factor for the sample by comparing the expected evolution of the low-redshift reference sample in stellar mass, gas-phase metallicity, and star formation rate against the observed properties of the sample at higher redshift. We infer a mass-loading factor of

η

m

=

0.92

−
0.74

+
1.76

, which is in line with direct measurements of the mass-loading factor from the literature despite the drastically different sets of assumptions needed for each approach. While our estimate of the mass-loading factor is in good agreement with recent galaxy simulations that focus on resolving the dynamics of the interstellar medium, it is smaller by over an order of magnitude than the mass-loading factor produced by many contemporary cosmological simulations.
Evolutionary Period Changes for 52 Cataclysmic Variables, and the Failure for the Most-fundamental Prediction of the Magnetic Braking Model
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The evolution of cataclysmic variables (CVs) is driven by period changes (

P

̇

), for which the long-venerable consensus is the magnetic braking model (MBM). The MBM has its only distinctive assumption being a power-law “recipe” describing the angular momentum loss (AML) in the binary, producing a single unique evolutionary track with

P

̇

as a function of the orbital period. This required prediction can be used to test the most-fundamental assumption of MBM, but it has never been tested previously. In this paper, I collect

P

̇

measures for 52 CVs of all types. First, 44% of the CVs have positive

P

̇

, with such being impossible in MBM. Second, even among the CVs with negative

P

̇

, their

P

̇

measures are always more negative than required by MBM, with an average deviation of 110×. Third, three CVs have large chaotic variations in

P

̇

that are impossible for MBM, proving that some unknown mechanism exists and is operating that dominates for these systems. Fourth, the MBM does not account for the long-term effects on evolution arising from the large sudden period decreases seen across many nova events, with this unaccounted effect dominating for the majority of nova systems and changing the sign of the overall evolutionary

P

̇

. Fifth, three recurrent novae are observed to suddenly change

P

̇

by an order of magnitude across a nova event, with this being impossible in the MBM. In all, the required MBM

P

̇

predictions all fail for my 52 CVs, usually by orders of magnitude, so the MBM AML-recipe is wrong by orders of magnitude.
Radial Spectral Evolution of the Elsässer Variable z
− in the Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Wu Honghong , Huang Shiyong , He Jiansen , Yang Liping , Yuan Zhigang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The nature of the Elsässer variable
z

− plays a significant role in the understanding of solar wind turbulence. The radial spectral evolution of
z

− observed by the Helios spacecraft suggests that
z

− has a persistent background spectrum in the low-frequency range from 0.3 to 1 au. However, the radial evolution in the near-Sun solar wind remains unknown. Here we use Parker Solar Probe measurements to analyze the averaged spectra of
z

− in the slow solar wind from 0.1 to 0.5 au and compare the results with the WIND observations at 1 au. We find that the averaged spectra of
z

− do not show the low-frequency break at the low-frequency breakpoint on the power spectra of
z

+, magnetic field, and velocity. The energy in the frequency range of 10−4–10−2 Hz demonstrates a radial decay from 0.1 to 0.5 au and keeps nearly constant to 1 au. The spectral index of
z

− gradually decreases from −1.27 at 0.1–0.2 au to −1.59 at 0.4–0.5 au and then slowly declines to −1.70 at 1 au. The radial behaviors of the ∥, ⊥1, and ⊥2 components of
z

− in the field-aligned coordinates are similar to that of the trace of
z

−. Our findings suggest a faster radial spectral evolution of
z

− in the near-Sun solar wind and provide strong observational constraints for the solar wind turbulence model.
Latest Evolution of the X-Ray Remnant of SN 1987A: Beyond the Inner Ring
Authors: Ravi Aravind P. , Park Sangwook , Zhekov Svetozar A. , Orlando Salvatore , Miceli Marco , Frank Kari A. , Broos Patrick S. , Burrows David N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Based on our Chandra imaging-spectroscopic observations, we present the latest evolution of the X-ray remnant of SN 1987A. Recent changes in the electron temperatures and volume emission measures suggest that the blast wave in SN 1987A is moving out of the dense inner ring structure, also called the equatorial ring (ER). The 0.5–2.0 keV X-ray light curve shows a linearly declining trend (by ∼4.5% yr−1) between 2016 and 2020 as the blast wave heats the hitherto unknown circumstellar medium (CSM) outside the ER. While the peak X-ray emission in the latest 0.3–8.0 keV image is still within the ER, the radial expansion rate in the 3.0–8.0 keV images suggests an increasing contribution of the X-ray emission from less dense CSM since 2012, at least partly from beyond the ER. It is remarkable that, since 2020, the declining soft X-ray flux has stabilized around ∼7 × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2, which may signal a contribution from the reverse-shocked outer layers of ejecta as predicted by the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models. In the latest ACIS spectrum of supernova remnant 1987A in 2022 we report a significant detection of the Fe K line at ∼6.7 keV, which may be due to changing thermal conditions of the X-ray emitting CSM and/or the onset of reverse shock interactions with the Fe ejecta.
Stability of C59 Knockout Fragments from Femtoseconds to Infinity
Authors: Gatchell Michael , Florin Naemi , Indrajith Suvasthika , Navarro Navarrete José Eduardo , Martini Paul , Ji MingChao , Reinhed Peter , Rosén Stefan , Simonsson Ansgar , Cederquist Henrik , Schmidt Henning T. , Zettergren Henning 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have studied the stability of C59 anions as a function of time, from their formation on femtosecond timescales to their stabilization on second timescales and beyond, using a combination of theory and experiments. The

C

59

−

fragments were produced in collisions between C60 fullerene anions and neutral helium gas at a velocity of 90 km s−1 (corresponding to a collision energy of 166 eV in the center-of-mass frame). The fragments were then stored in a cryogenic ion beam storage ring at the DESIREE facility, where they were followed for up to 1 minute. Classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to determine the reaction cross section and the excitation energy distributions of the products formed in these collisions. We find that about 15% of the

C

59

−

ions initially stored in the ring are intact after about 100 ms and that this population then remains intact indefinitely. This means that C60 fullerenes exposed to energetic atoms and ions, such as stellar winds and shock waves, will produce stable, highly reactive products, like C59, that are fed into interstellar chemical reaction networks.
The Phenomena of Flares and CMEs in the Sun and Stars: Why Are the Energy Upper Limits in Both Phenomena Comparable?
Authors: Mullan D. J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Solar/stellar flares which release large energies occur less frequently than those with small energies. Flare energies on a given star have not (yet) been observed to exceed E

fm
. Similarly, coronal mass ejections (CME’s) with large kinetic energies (KE) on a given star also occur less frequently than those with small energies. The KE's of CME’s on a given star have not (yet) been observed to exceed KE
m
. Interestingly, in any given star, E

fm
is found to be comparable in magnitude to KE
m
. This is puzzling since a one-to-one correlation between flares and CME’s does not exist: some flares occur without any accompanying CME, and some CME’s have no accompanying flare. Moreover, different types of MHD instabilities are believed to give rise to flares and CME’s. The result E

fm
≈ KE
m
could indicate support for Bemporad’s conclusion: magnetic energy in the corona is in global equipartition with gravitational potential energy.
« La nuit vient. » l’amiral d’Argenlieu, la débâcle et la noche oscura
Authors: Vaisset Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Cet article entend étudier la manière dont les travaux menés par Louis de la Trinité sur la pensée de saint Jean de la Croix influencent la vision que l’amiral Georges Thierry d’Argenlieu se fait de la campagne de France et de la débâcle. Son appréhension de la situation de la France en juin 1940, empreinte de « la nuit obscure », est en effet l’un des ressorts qui contribuent à expliquer sa décision d’entrer en résistance aux côtés du général de Gaulle, dont il devient par la suite un incontournable Compagnon.
Les nuits de la Saint-Barthélemy
Authors: Foa Jérémie , Clervoy Patrick 
Published: May 2024

Alors que l’on parle presque toujours de « la nuit de la Saint-Barthélemy », on n’a peut-être pas suffisamment tiré les conséquences de ce chrononyme singulier et étudié sous cet angle les tueries qui se déroulent aux « petites heures ». Qu’est-ce que l’ambiance nocturne fait aux violences ? Que permet-elle aux tueurs que le plein jour n’autoriserait pas ? Et si l’hécatombe est impitoyable, il faut aussi évoquer les rescapés : c’est la nuit qui rend possible leur fuite. Une réflexion sur ces jeux du visible et de l’invisible.
Ne pas subir la nuit
Authors: Chennaoui Mounir , Sauvet Fabien 
Published: May 2024

Les missions de nuit ne sont jamais anodines. La gestion du sommeil et de la récupération des soldats est un enjeu opérationnel majeur pour les armées, plus encore avec la mise en œuvre de systèmes d’armes complexes dans un contexte de conflits de haute intensité, qualifiés par le chef d’état-major des armées de « plus dur, plus long ». Elle est le sujet de recherches et d’innovations menées par le Service de santé, et l’objet de formations dispensées à l’ensemble de la communauté militaire.
Nuits mystiques
Authors: Ravel Luc 
Published: May 2024

Outre le sommeil, nombreuses sont les occupations de la nuit et, parmi elles, la lutte contre les ténèbres ainsi que son « contraire », l’éveil mystique, que, à l’instar des fondateurs des grandes religions, tout un chacun peut connaître sous un ciel planté d’étoiles.
Educating Nurses in Sleep Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment
Authors: Foltz-Ramos Kelly , Dickerson Suzanne S. , Oyer Cheryl A. , Fabry Donna , Dean Grace E. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Poor sleep is an unrecognized problem among cancer survivors that affects quality of life. However, screening for sleep disorders is not routine in cancer care. To fill this gap, a self-paced online training program was designed for RNs to screen patients for sleep disturbance and provide brief intervention or referral for treatment (Sleep-SBIRT).

Method:
A three-phase evaluation pilot study included the following steps: (a) develop an online training program with in situ simulation; (b) implement the program with RNs at a comprehensive cancer center; and (c) evaluate module and quiz completion rates and focus group thematic analysis.

Results:

Of the 22 RNs participating, 17 completed online modules and in situ simulation. The RNs were satisfied (
M
= 4.74/5,
SD
= 0.42) and self-confident (
M
= 4.45/5,
SD
= 0.45) with the learning. Focus group themes were learning new knowledge, learning online effectively, applying learning to in situ simulation, and intending to implement.

Conclusion:

The RNs gained knowledge applying Sleep-SBIRT, but future larger studies are warranted.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(8):387–392.]
Addressing Nurse Burnout: Moving Beyond the Conversation
Authors: Okoniewski Jessica , Verni Christine 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nurse burnout is a widespread issue in the health care industry, jeopardizing the well-being of both health care professionals and the patients they serve, manifesting as an intense sense of exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal achievement.

Method:
In nursing, professionals are exposed to an extraordinary array of challenges and demands that increase their likelihood of experiencing burnout and resulting mental health issues. Although burnout has been aggressively discussed and studied in recent years, strategies for preventing and mitigating burnout have been underreported.

Results:
This article highlights leading causes of burnout, delves into its alarming prevalence, and underscores the critical need for comprehensive strategies to address and prevent it.

Conclusion:

This article highlights several initiatives established by a resilience program at a college of nursing that can be implemented within health care systems to directly address both individual and organizational burnout.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(8):407–412.]
Admission Cardiotocography and Neonatal Outcomes at a Tertiary Health Facility in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oluwasomidoyin O Bello , Emmanuel A Unwaha , Folasade A Bello 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Admission cardiotocography (CTG), a noninvasive procedure, is used to indicate the state of oxygenation of the fetus on admission into the labor ward.

Objective:
This study assessed the association of admission CTG findings with neonatal outcome at a tertiary health facility.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, observational study of 206 pregnant women who were admitted into the labor ward with singleton live pregnancies. Information on the demographic characteristics, obstetrics and medical history, admission CTG tracing, and neonatal outcome was obtained using a structured data collection form. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.0 with the level of significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The admission CTG findings were normal in 73.3%, suspicious in 13.6%, and pathological in 13.1% of the women. The occurrence of low birth weight, special care baby unit (SCBU) admission, asphyxiated neonates, neonatal death, and prolonged hospital admission was significantly more frequent among those with pathological admission CTG results compared with normal and suspicious results (P < 0.05). The incidence of vaginal delivery was more common when the CTG findings were normal, whereas all women with pathological CTG result had a cesarean delivery.

Conclusion:
Admission CTG was effective in identifying fetuses with a higher incidence of perinatal asphyxia. Neonatal outcome such as low birth weight, APGAR score, SCBU admission, and prolonged hospital admission was significantly associated with pathological CTG findings. In the absence of facilities for further investigations, prompt intervention for delivery should be ensured if admission CTG is pathological.
Psychosocial Problems in Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Charan Gopal Singh , Kaur Akashpreet , Kaur Kiranpreet , Kaur Navpreet 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Changing lifestyles, health care, growing age, and life expectancy have contributed to the occurrence of old age in communities. The elderly population are rising who are aged 60 or older in the present scenario. They are more prone to psychosocial problems such as stress, loneliness, low self-esteem, and anxiety. These problems impact their psychological health.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at selected communities of Amritsar, Punjab. A total of 200 older adults were involved using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a predesigned sociodemographic pro forma and a five-point Likert scale to assess psychosocial problems among the elderly. The data collection method employed was interviewed. In the psychosocial problems assessment tool, a total of 35 items were included, which were further categorized as follows: no psychosocial problem (0–35), mild psychosocial problem (36–70), moderate psychosocial problem (71–105), and severe psychosocial problem (106–140).

Results:
The average age of the older adults was 69.31 ± 6.63 years, 65.5% were males and 34.5% were females. Regarding psychosocial problems, 69% had moderate, 16% had mild, 10.5% severe, and 4.5% had no problems. The median score was 90 (18). The median score was 17.50 (7) for stress, 38 (17.75) for loneliness, 18 (7.75) for anxiety, and 14 (7) for self-esteem. All the four domains, stress, loneliness, anxiety, and self-esteem, had a statistically significant relationship (P < 0.01). A statistically significant association was found between self-esteem, type of family, and anxiety with educational level.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that older adults in communities have significant psychosocial problems such as stress, loneliness, self-esteem, and anxiety. Collaboratively, health professionals, local community leaders, and social workers can formulate and execute a health awareness campaign to avoid these issues that cause the aged much anguish.