bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attrition in the First Three Therapy Lines in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer in the German Real-World PRAEGNANT Registry
Authors: Hartkopf Andreas D. , Walter Christina B. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hadji Peyman , Tesch Hans , Fasching Peter A. , Ettl Johannes , Lüftner Diana , Wallwiener Markus , Müller Volkmar , Beckmann Matthias W. , Belleville Erik , Huebner Hanna , Uhrig Sabrina , Goossens Chloë , Link Theresa , Hielscher Carsten , Mundhenke Christoph , Kurbacher Christian , Wuerstlein Rachel , Untch Michael , Janni Wolfgang , Taran Florin-Andrei , Michel Laura L. , Lux Michael P. , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara Y. , Fehm Tanja N. , Häberle Lothar , Schneeweiss Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background With more effective therapies for patients with advanced breast cancer (aBC), therapy sequences are becoming increasingly important. However, some patients might drop out of the treatment sequence due to deterioration of their life status. Since little is known about attrition in the real-world setting, this study assessed attrition in the first three therapy lines using a real-world registry.
Methods Patients with information available on the first three therapy lines were selected from the German PRAEGNANT registry (NCT02338167). Attrition was determined for each therapy line using competing risk analyses, with the start of the next therapy line or death as endpoints. Additionally, a simple attrition rate was calculated based on the proportion of patients who completed therapy but did not start the next therapy line.
Results Competitive risk analyses were performed on 3988 1st line, 2651 2nd line and 1866 3rd line patients. The probabilities of not starting the next therapy line within 5 years after initiation of 1st, 2nd and 3rd line therapy were 30%, 24% and 24% respectively. Patients with HER2-positive disease had the highest risk for attrition, while patients with HRpos/HER2neg disease had the lowest risk. Attrition rates remained similar across molecular subgroups in the different therapy lines.
Conclusion Attrition affects a large proportion of patients with aBC, which should be considered when planning novel therapy concepts that specifically address the sequencing of therapies. Taking attrition into account could help understand treatment effects resulting from sequential therapies and might help develop treatment strategies that specifically aim at maintaining quality of life.
Notfallrettungseinsätze mit Patient*innen mit psychiatrischer oder
psychosozialer Symptomatik: eine Analyse aus Ostniedersachsen
Authors: Noack Eva Maria , Bramesfeld Anke , Schmid Sybille , Schröder Dominik , Müller Frank 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Charakterisierung von Notfallrettungseinsätzen (NFR) mit
Menschen in psychiatrischen oder psychosozialen Krisen. Methodik Analyse
von Notfallprotokollen aus vier Rettungswachen (2019–2020) von NFR mit
Patient*innen zwischen 12 und 65 Jahren. Ergebnisse Bei 23,4% der NFR
zeigten Patient*innen psychiatrische oder psychosoziale Symptome (1,6%
psychotische Symptomatik, 3,0% Suizidalität, 7,1% psychosoziale Krise, 15,7%
Intoxikation). Diese Patient*innen waren im Mittel jünger als Patient*innen mit
anderen Einsatzanlässen. Bei 48,9% lagen zusätzlich somatische Symptome vor. Die
COVID-19-Pandemie hatte nur einen begrenzten Einfluss auf das Auftreten solcher
NFR. Schlussfolgerung Psychiatrische und psychosoziale Einsätze machen
einen bedeutenden Anteil der NFR aus. Dieses Ergebnis legt nahe, dass der Umgang
mit psychiatrischen und psychosozialen Notfällen ein integraler Bestandteil von
Aus- und Weiterbildung von ärztlichem und nichtärztlichem Rettungsfachpersonal
sein sollte.
Spektrum der minimalinvasiven Operationstechniken zur Versorgung von Leistenhernien bei Säuglingen und Kindern
Authors: Markel Moritz , Kahl Fritz , König Tatjana , Ammer Elisabeth , Schmedding Andrea , Sweed Ahmad , Leonhardt Johannes , Muensterer Oliver J. 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungEiner der häufigsten operativen Eingriffe bei Säuglingen und Kindern ist die
Korrektur einer indirekten Leistenhernie. Sie kann sowohl offen als auch mittels
minimalinvasiver Chirurgie (MIC) durchgeführt werden. Seit 1998 wurden dazu
zahlreiche unterschiedliche MIC-Techniken beschrieben. Wissenschaftlich
nachgewiesene Vorteile sind dabei eine kürzere Operationszeit bei beidseitigen
Hernien sowie das geringere Aufkommen einer metachronen kontralateralen Hernie.
Dennoch ist der Anteil von mit MIC versorgten Leistenhernien bei Kindern hierzulande
mit etwa 8% aller Operationen relativ gering. Ziel dieser Synopsis ist die
Beschreibung der verschiedenen MIC-Techniken zur Korrektur der Leistenhernie bei
Kindern, einschl. der jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile.Der Videozusammenschnitt zeigt das Spektrum der unterschiedlichen Techniken der
laparoskopischen Leistenhernienversorgung beim Kind. Dazu zählen die intrakorporale
Nahttechnik, die Inzision des Peritoneums, extrakorporale perkutane Techniken sowie
die Kauterisation des offenen Processus vaginalis peritonei beim Mädchen.Die minimalinvasive Leistenhernienkorrektur beim Kind ist zwar technisch und
wissenschaftlich etabliert, dennoch ist sie noch nicht sehr weit verbreitet. Dieses
Videomanuskript vermittelt Interessierten eine Übersicht der verschiedenen Techniken
und erleichtert damit die klinische Anwendung.
Progress in Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation and Trifluoromethylselenolation Reactions
Authors: Li Fei , Song Jia-Wei , Zhang Cheng-Pan , Han Xue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) and trifluoromethylselanyl (SeCF3) groups possess high electron-withdrawing ability, excellent lipophilicity, good stability, and bioavailability, and they are promising structural motifs in drug design and development. Photoredox catalysis has clear benefits; it is a mild and sustainable methodology for the modification of chemical structures that enables a variety of chemical reactions that are unattainable using classical ionic chemistry. This review focuses on light-initiated trifluoromethylthiolation and trifluoromethylselenolation reactions with diverse SCF3 and SeCF3 reagents. Representative transformations either using photocatalysts or through EDA complexes, as well as possible reaction mechanisms, are all discussed in this article.1	Introduction2	Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation2.1	Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation with MSCF3 (M = H, [Me4N], Ag)2.2	Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation with XSCF3 (X = Cl, CF3S)2.3	Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation with ArSO2SCF3
2.4	Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation with N–SCF3 Reagents2.5	Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation with Other Reagents3	Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylselenolation3.1	Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylselenolation with [Me4N][SeCF3]3.2	Photocatalyzed Trifluoromethylselenolation with ArSO2SeCF3
4	Summary
Design, Synthesis, and Assessment of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Probes
Authors: Billingsley Kelvin L. , Chen Joseph , Chao Darrian , Tran Uyen Phuong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide unique insights into metabolic activity in vivo. Despite the advantages of this technology, certain metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are more challenging to examine due to the limitations associated with currently available hyperpolarized 13C probes. In this report, we systematically employ computational analyses, synthetic techniques, and in vitro studies to facilitate the design of new chemical probes for the TCA cycle. This platform allows for the rapid identification of probe scaffolds that are amenable to hyperpolarized 13C experimentation. Using these results, we have developed two 13C-labeled chemical probes, [1,4-13C2]-dipropyl succinate and [1,4-13C2]-diallyl succinate, which are employed in hyperpolarized 13C metabolic studies.
Modern Dearomative Enlargement of Heteroaromatic Rings
Authors: Ghiazza Clément , Moreau Xavier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBreaking aromaticity by inserting additional atoms within the skeleton of heteroaromatic rings has gained significant attention over the years. As part of the emerging concept of ‘skeletal editing’, this short review retraces the recent progress made on dearomative enlargement reactions of both five- and six-membered heterocycles.1	Introduction2	Dearomative Enlargement of Five-Membered Rings2.1	Pyrroles, Furans, Thiophenes and Their Fused Analogues2.2	Pyrazoles, Isoxazoles, Isothiazoles and Their Fused Analogues3	Dearomative Enlargement of Six-Membered Rings4	Conclusion and Perspectives
Comparative Analysis of Methods of Evaluating Human Fatigue
Authors: de Mello Marco Túlio , Guerreiro Renato de Carvalho , Santarelli Rodrigo , Brant Valdênio Martins , Barreto Amaury Tavares , Silva Flavia Rodrigues da , Silva Andressa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study used four different methods to estimate fatigue. Forty-seven volunteers (45 men and 2 women), 41.3 ± 7.5 years old, truck operators for 11.5 ± 6.0 years, were included. All participants accepted the invitation to be included in the study. Actigraphy and core temperature were evaluated. The 5-minute psychomotor vigilance test, the Karolinksa Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and the postural assessment using the Light Sonometer™ (Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil) were performed. Fatigue prediction was performed using the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) program. In response to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 51.06% had good sleep quality and 48.94% had poor sleep quality with an average efficiency of 81.6%. In response to the actigraphy, workers slept an average of 7.2 hours a day with 93.5% efficiency. The workers' core body temperature (CBT) cosinor analysis showed a preserved circadian curve. Core body temperature showed differences between the 6 hours worked in each shift. Similarly, the light sound level meter showed lower risk scores for fatigue in day shifts. Only the variable of the fastest 10% of the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) showed worse results, while no significant differences were observed by the KSS. The risk analysis by FAST showed a strong influence of the circadian factor. In conclusion, each method has positive and negative points, and it is up to the evaluator/manager to identify the method that best suits the purpose of the evaluation, as well as the local culture and conditions. We recommend using different methods of risk assessment and management in combination with fatigue prediction by Sonometer as well as carrying out assessments, which enable researchers to estimate performance and fatigue throughout the working day, since these may change over the duration of the working day.
Defects of Midbrain/Hindbrain Development: Defects of Anteroposterior and Dorsoventral Patterning
Authors: Biasco Arturo , Dierna Federica , Zanghì Antonio , Vecchio Michele , Falsaperla Raffaele , Praticò Elena R. , Maniaci Antonino , Ruggieri Martino , Polizzi Agata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe knowledge regarding the midbrain and the hindbrain (MBHB) malformations has been progressively increased in recent years, thanks to the advent of neuroimaging and genetic technologies. Many classifications have been proposed in order to well describe all of these patterns. The most complete and detailed one is based on the genetic and embryologic features that allow an easier and effective knowledge of these disturbs. It categorizes them into four primary groups: (1) Malformations resulting from early anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterning defects or the misspecification of MBHB germinal zones.(2) Malformations linked to later generalized developmental disorders that notably impact the brain stem and cerebellum, with a pathogenesis that is at least partially comprehended.(3) Localized brain malformations significantly affecting the brain stem and cerebellum, with a pathogenesis that is partly or largely understood, encompassing local proliferation, migration, and axonal guidance.(4) Combined hypoplasia and atrophy observed in presumed prenatal-onset degenerative disorders. Regarding diagnosis, brain stem malformations are typically identified during prenatal assessments, particularly when they are linked with anomalies in the cerebellum and cerebrum. Magnetic resonance imaging is the primary neuroimaging method in the evaluation of these malformations. The clinical characteristics of individuals with malformations in the midbrain or hindbrain are generally nonspecific. Common findings at presentation are hypotonia, motor retardation, ataxia, variable degree of intellectual disability, and abnormal eye movement (e.g., nystagmus, abnormal saccades, oculomotor apraxia, strabismus, and abnormal smooth pursuit). The complexity and the number of these MBHB malformations are constantly increasing. We will provide an overview of MBHB disorders, focusing on embryology, genetic, clinical, and neuroradiology features that could be helpful for clinicians and neuroscientist to understand process of these conditions.
3 Mechanistic Aspects of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed and Non-Transition-Metal-Mediated Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Logeswaran R. , Aravindan N. , Jeganmohan M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract Cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) chemistry is a broad research area that involves the construction of carbon–carbon bonds and carbon–heteroatom bonds by the direct coupling of two C—H bonds or a C—H and an X—H bond. This review provides insights into the mechanisms of such processes, and is organized into methods based on transition-metal catalysis and those mediated by non-transition-metal species.
4 Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Involving Alkynes for C(sp2)—C(sp) Bond Formation
Authors: Escudero J. , Besset T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions represent one of the most environmentally friendly and atom-economic strategies to achieve carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation from non-prefunctionalized substrates, formally producing only dihydrogen as waste. Using terminal alkynes as one of the coupling partners in cross-dehydrogenative couplings, the sustainable synthesis of a myriad of alkynylated compounds is possible. In this review, the major advances in cross-dehydrogenative couplings involving alkynes are covered, with a focus on the formation of C(sp2)—C(sp) bonds, leading to alkynylated arenes, 1,3-enynes, and ynone derivatives. Synthetic strategies, reaction conditions, and the scope of each method are critically discussed, from early developments to date.
10 Alkene/Alkane Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling for C(sp2)—C(sp3) Bond Formation
Authors: Ali W. , Guin S. , Maiti D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the area of C—H functionalization, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) represents the most atom-efficient coupling reaction, since it obviates the need for substrate prefunctionalization. The CDC strategy enables the construction of C—C bonds of diverse hybridization directly from C—H bonds present in the precursors, with formal loss of dihydrogen. C(sp2)—C(sp3) bond formation via selective C(sp3)—H/C(sp2)-H cross coupling is generally difficult to achieve owing to the inertness of C(sp3)-H bonds and their ubiquity in organic molecules. This review describes the different strategies developed over the years in overcoming the aforesaid challenges to enable C(sp2)—C(sp3) bond formation by CDC. Utilization of directing-group-assisted C(sp3)—H metalation with the aid of ligands has largely been the key for selective alkenylation at both proximal and distal positions. Non-directed protocols have also been developed that proceed by selective radical formation using a metal/oxidant combination, or just an oxidant. The developments made in terms of ligand design, scope, mechanistic aspects, and the potential applications of the different methodologies for the CDC between C(sp3)—H and C(sp2)—H bonds are portrayed in this chapter.
18 Heteroatom—Heteroatom Bond Formation through Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Chen T. , Li C. , Han L.-B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCross-dehydrogenative coupling between E—H bonds and Z—H bonds, where E and Z are heteroatoms, can be considered as a green approach for the construction of chemical bonds. Since it avoids the need for prefunctionalization of the starting materials, this type of transformation can shorten synthetic routes and increase the total atom efficiency. In this context, such reactions are recognized as an efficient alternative to classical cross-coupling reactions. During the past decades, the cross-dehydrogenative coupling strategy has been widely used for synthesizing various target functional molecules, and great achievements have been made in carbon—carbon bond formation. In recent years, cross-dehydrogenative coupling has also been employed to construct heteroatom—heteroatom bonds; this review covers advances in this field, with a focus on methods for the formation of phosphorus—heteroatom and sulfur—heteroatom bonds
Multibubble sonoluminescence in supercooled water
Authors: Lindinger Bernhard , Söhnholz Hendrik , Mettin Robert 
Published: May 2024

Cavitation in supercooled water has been induced by the short ultrasound pulses of an ultrasonic horn driven at 20 kHz. The cavitation during the ultrasonic pulses and occasionally the crystallization events thereafter have been imaged by a high-speed camera. The probability of ice crystallization in dependence on the pulse duration and temperature showed a high chance for the water to remain liquid if sufficiently short bursts of moderate acoustic power were applied. This regime has been used for the assessment of sonoluminescence (SL) from the generated cavitation bubbles in the supercooled liquid state. To this end, light emitting events were summed up over a number of ultrasonic pulses by an image intensifier. SL appeared mostly directly under the tip of the ultrasonic horn and sometimes also a few millimeters below the tip. The intensity of SL events showed a slight rise for a decrease in temperature, i.e., for an increase in supercooling. This behavior is in accord with the SL dependence on temperature above the freezing point and might be attributed to a further lowering of vapor pressure. An increase in the bubble collapse peak temperature for increased supercooling is calculated on the basis of spherical bubble model calculations, which supports the findings. The simulations predict further that the peak temperature will fall off again beyond a certain supercooling level.
Impact of energy–momentum conservation violation on the configuration of compact stars and their GW echoes
Authors: Bora Jyatsnasree , Jyoti Gogoi Dhruba , Maurya S K , Mustafa Ghulam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the impacts of energy–momentum conservation violation on the configuration of strange stars constraint with gravitational wave (GW) event GW190814 as well as eight recent observations of compact objects. The GW echoes from these interesting classes of compact objects are also calculated. To describe the matter of strange stars, we have used two different equations of state (EoSs): first an ad-hoc exotic EoS, the stiffer MIT Bag model and next realistic CFL phase of quark matter EoS. We choose Rastall gravity as a simple model with energy–momentum conservation violation with a set of model parameter values. Our results show that this gravity theory permits stable solutions of strange stars and the resulting structures can foster GW echoes. We illustrate the implication of the gravity theory and found that the negative values of the Rastall parameter result in more compact stellar configurations and lower GW echo frequency. With an increase in the Rastall parameter, both the compactness of the stellar configurations and echo time decrease. It is worth mentioning here that with the chosen set of some probable strange star candidates from observational data and also in light of GW 190814, we have evaluated the radii of stellar models. Also, the GW echo frequencies associated with strange stars are found to be in the range of

≈

9–27 kHz for both cases. From this work, it is also inferred that the assumption regarding the equivalence of Rastall’s theory to Einstein’s theory is refuted as we have noticed many deviations in the physical properties of the considered compact stars.
Cosmological higher-curvature gravities
Authors: Moreno Javier , Murcia Ángel J 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine higher-curvature gravities whose Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker configurations are specified by equations of motion which are of second order in derivatives, just like in Einstein gravity. We name these theoriesCosmological Gravitiesand initiate a systematic exploration in dimensionsD⩾3. First, we derive an instance of Cosmological Gravity to all curvature orders and dimensionsD⩾3. Second, we study Cosmological Gravities admitting non-hairy generalizations of the Schwarzschild solution characterized by a single function whose equation of motion is, at most, of second order in derivatives. We present explicit instances of such theories for all curvature orders and dimensionsD⩾4. Finally, we investigate the equations of motion for cosmological perturbations in the context of generic Cosmological Gravities. Remarkably, we find that the linearized equations of motion for scalar cosmological perturbations in any Cosmological Gravity inD⩾3contain no more than two time derivatives. We explicitly corroborate this aspect by presenting the equations for the scalar perturbations in some four-dimensional Cosmological Gravities up to fifth order in the curvature.
Prediction of the 1st excitation energy of odd–odd nuclei with the Bayesian neural network approach
Authors: Gao T J , Wang H D , Lu Jing-Bin , Lu Yi , Yang Pei-Yao , Qin M J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A Bayesian neural network (BNN) is developed to predict the 1st excitation energy of odd–odd nuclei. Aside from the proton number and neutron number, we introduce two empirical physical quantities into the input layer.

δ
=
[

−
1

N

+

−
1

Z

]

/

2

is introduced to distinguish even–even, odd–odd and odd-A nuclei; and the so-called Casten factor

P
≡

v

p

v

n

v

p

+

v

n

is introduced to stand for collectivity. The BNN is trained with an experimental dataset of the 1st excitation energy for 434 odd–odd, 649 even–even and 1050 odd-A nuclei. After training, the BNN predicts the 1st excitation energy of odd–odd nuclei with a rms of 0.21 MeV. Examples of Dy, Gd, Eu and Cs isotopes are also shown. The BNN results show moderate predictive ability, in comparison with results from the projected Hartree–Fock method.