bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy‐relevant Webometrics for individual scientific fields
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Klitkou Antje , Verbeek Arnold , Stuart David , Vincent Celine 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDespite over 10 years of research there is no agreement on the most suitable roles for Webometric indicators in support of research policy and almost no field‐based Webometrics. This article partly fills these gaps by analyzing the potential of policy‐relevant Webometrics for individual scientific fields with the help of 4 case studies. Although Webometrics cannot provide robust indicators of knowledge flows or research impact, it can provide some evidence of networking and mutual awareness. The scope of Webometrics is also relatively wide, including not only research organizations and firms but also intermediary groups like professional associations, Web portals, and government agencies. Webometrics can, therefore, provide evidence about the research process to compliment peer review, bibliometric, and patent indicators: tracking the early, mainly prepublication development of new fields and research funding initiatives, assessing the role and impact of intermediary organizations and the need for new ones, and monitoring the extent of mutual awareness in particular research areas.
Occurrence and fate of fetal lumbar rib induced by Scutellariae radix in rats
Authors: Ko Eun A. , Park Won Sun , Lim Inja , Yun Jihyun , Kim Jung‐Ha , Kang Young‐Ku , Kim Nari , Han Jin , Bang Hyoweon , Ko Jae‐Hong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence and fate of fetal lumbar rib induced by Scutellariae radix (SR) in rats. METHODS: Water extracts of SR were orally administered to pregnant rats from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at a dose of 186 mg/kg/day, equivalent to 25 g/kg of starting material, representing a 100‐fold increase over typical human intake level. RESULTS: The incidence of fetal lumbar rib in the SR‐treated group was increased on gestational day 20 and then decreased on postnatal day 50. The weight of fetuses in the SR‐treated group tended to be less than that in the control group. Alkaline phosphatase in SR‐treated dams was increased on gestational day 20, but was decreased on postnatal day 50. There were no significant differences between the vehicle control and SR‐treated groups in maternal body weight, embryological, histopathological, hematological, and serum biochemical changes. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that the appearance of lumbar rib induced by SR is a transient fetal variation rather than teratogenicity or maternal toxicity. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:201–206, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of N‐terminus modifications on the biological activity, membrane interaction, and secondary structure of the antimicrobial peptide hylin‐a1
Authors: Crusca Edson , Rezende Adrielle A. , Marchetto Reinaldo , Mendes‐Giannini Maria J. S. , Fontes Wagner , Castro Mariana S. , Cilli Eduardo M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecently the peptide Hy‐a1 (IFGAILPLALGALKNLIK), with antimicrobial activity, was isolated from the skin secretion of the frog Hypsiboas albopunctatus. The aim of the present work was to evaluate four analogues with introduction of acetyl group, Asp or Lys at the N‐terminus of antimicrobial peptide Hy‐al to supply information about the relationship of structure–biological activity. The antimicrobial activities were assayed by measuring growth inhibition of four species of bacteria and four species of fungus. The hemolytic activity was also tested. The peptide containing Trp instead of Leu in position 6 (for fluorescence studies) presented MIC values comparable to wild type sequence: 32 μmol L−1, 32 μmol L−1, 8 μmol L−1, and 2 μmol L−1 for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. subtilis, respectively. Two peptides with this modification and containing one acetyl group or Asp residue at the N‐terminal region showed activities only against Gram‐positive bacteria. Different results were observed when the residue added was Lys. In this case, the activity against the microorganisms was sustained or increased. Conformational properties were investigated by CD techniques in water, TFE, and in zwitterionic micelles (LPC). The CD experiments demonstrated that, in water, the peptides had a random structure, but in TFE and LPC solutions they acquired an ordered structure, composed mainly by α‐helix. However, these data have no relationship with activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. These results showed that the N‐terminal region of the peptide Hy‐a1 has key roles in its antibacterial action toward different types of bacteria. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 41–48, 2011.
Microanatomical and immunohistochemical study of the human lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve of forearm at the antecubital fossa and its clinical implications
Authors: Marx S. Chakravarthy , Kumar Pramod , Dhalapathy S. , Prasad Keerthana , Marx C. Anitha 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChanges in the intraneural anatomy with age can cause poor prognosis of nerve repair in patients after nerve injury. The occurrence of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome‐Type II, secondary to peripheral nerve injury, is common. The purpose of this study is to asses changes in cross‐sectional anatomy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve of forearm (LCNF) at the antecubital fossa in the fascicular, nonfascicular components (adipose and nonadipose tissue), and sympathetic fibers area with respect to age. For the purpose of the study, 32 human (37–88 years) fresh cadaveric LCNF were collected from left‐antecubital fossae and processed for histological, morphometric analysis [total cross‐sectional (Asc), fascicular (Af), and nonfascicular area (Anonf)], and immunohistochemical method (tyrosine hydroxylase) for sympathetic fibers. The LCNF's average total cross‐sectional area was 3.024 mm2, and fascicular area was 0.582 mm2. The average number of fascicles per mm2 was 3.09. The cross‐sectional area in the nerve was mainly occupied by nonfascicular connective tissue (80.75%). There was increased adipose tissue deposition (48.48% of Asc) and decreased collagen fibers (32.24% of Asc) in interfascicular domains without any definite relationship with age. The average sympathetic fiber area was 0.026 mm2 within the nerve fascicular area without any correlation with age. In LCNF, there was more adipose tissue and less collagen fibers deposition in the interfascicular domains of all age cases, and this may act as an obstacle for nerve fiber regeneration on using LCNF as an interpositional nerve graft. Clin. Anat. 23:693–701, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sphingosine Kinase Interacting Protein is an A‐Kinase Anchoring Protein Specific for Type I cAMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase
Authors: Kovanich Duangnapa , van der Heyden Marcel A. G. , Aye Thin Thin , van Veen Toon A. B. , Heck Albert J. R. , Scholten Arjen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe compartmentalization of kinases and phosphatases plays an important role in the specificity of second‐messenger‐mediated signaling events. Localization of the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase is mediated by interaction of its regulatory subunit (PKA‐R) with the versatile family of A‐kinase‐anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Most AKAPs bind avidly to PKA‐RII, while some have dual specificity for both PKA‐RI and PKA‐RII; however, no mammalian PKA‐RI‐specific AKAPs have thus far been assigned. This has mainly been attributed to the observation that PKA‐RI is more cytosolic than the more heavily compartmentalized PKA‐RII. Chemical proteomics screens of the cAMP interactome in mammalian heart tissue recently identified sphingosine kinase type 1‐interacting protein (SKIP, SPHKAP) as a putative novel AKAP. Biochemical characterization now shows that SPHKAP can be considered as the first mammalian AKAP that preferentially binds to PKA‐RIα. Recombinant human SPHKAP functions as an RI‐specific AKAP that utilizes the characteristic AKAP amphipathic helix for interaction. Further chemical proteomic screening utilizing differential binding characteristics of specific cAMP resins confirms SPHKAPs endogenous specificity for PKA‐RI directly in mammalian heart and spleen tissue. Immunolocalization studies revealed that recombinant SPHKAP is expressed in the cytoplasm, where PKA‐RIα also mainly resides. Alignment of SPHKAPs' amphipathic helix with peptide models of PKA‐RI‐ or PKA‐RII‐specific anchoring domains shows that it has largely only PKA‐RIα characteristics. Being the first mammalian PKA‐RI‐specific AKAP with cytosolic localization, SPHKAP is a very promising model for studying the function of the less explored cytosolic PKA‐RI signaling nodes.
Metal–Arene Interactions in Dialkylbiarylphosphane Complexes of Copper, Silver, and Gold
Authors: Pérez‐Galán Patricia , Delpont Nicolas , Herrero‐Gómez Elena , Maseras Feliu , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDialkylbiphenylphosphane–AuI complexes exhibit only weak metal–arene interactions with the covering arene ring. However, the contacts in isoleptic AgI and CuI complexes are shorter than the limiting values of 3.03 Å (AgI) and 2.83 Å (CuI). Strong metal–arene interactions were also found in the two AgI aquo complexes and in two acetonitrileCuI complexes with dialkylbiphenylphosphane ligands. Arene–AgI complexes with these bulky phosphane ligands show the strongest AgIarene bonds known.
Intensely Fluorescent Azobenzenes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Effects of Substituents, and Application to Fluorescent Vital Stain
Authors: Yoshino Junro , Furuta Akiko , Kambe Tetsuya , Itoi Hiroaki , Kano Naokazu , Kawashima Takayuki , Ito Yuzuru , Asashima Makoto 
Published: April 2010

Abstract2‐[Bis(pentafluorophenyl)boryl]azobenzenes bearing hydrogen, methoxy, dimethylamino, trifluoromethyl, fluoro,n‐butyl, andtert‐butyldimethylsiloxy groups at the 4′‐position or methoxy and bromo groups at the 4‐position have been synthesized. The 4‐bromo group of the 2‐boryl‐4‐bromoazobenzene derivative was converted to phenyl and diphenylamino groups by palladium‐catalyzed reactions. The absorption and fluorescence properties have been investigated using UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The 2‐borylazobenzenes emitted an intense green, yellow, and orange fluorescence, in marked contrast to the usual azobenzene fluorescence. The 4′‐siloxy derivative showed the highest fluorescence quantum yield (0.90) among those reported for azobenzenes to date. The correlation between the substituent and the fluorescence properties was elucidated by studying the effect of the substituent on the relaxation process and from DFT and TD‐DFT calculations. An electron‐donating group at the 4′‐position was found to be important for an intense emission. Application of fluorescent azobenzenes as a fluorescent vital stain for the visualization of living tissues was also investigated by microinjection intoXenopusembryos, suggesting these compounds are nontoxic towards embryos.
Fragment‐Based Lead Discovery: Screening and Optimizing Fragments for Thermolysin Inhibition
Authors: Englert Lisa , Silber Katrin , Steuber Holger , Brass Sascha , Over Björn , Gerber Hans‐Dieter , Heine Andreas , Diederich Wibke E. , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFragment‐based drug discovery has gained a foothold in today's lead identification processes. We present the application of in silico fragment‐based screening for the discovery of novel lead compounds for the metalloendoproteinase thermolysin. We have chosen thermolysin to validate our screening approach as it is a well‐studied enzyme and serves as a model system for other proteases. A protein‐targeted virtual library was designed and screening was carried out using the program AutoDock. Two fragment hits could be identified. For one of them, the crystal structure in complex with thermolysin is presented. This compound was selected for structure‐based optimization of binding affinity and improvement of ligand efficiency, while concomitantly keeping the fragment‐like properties of the initial hit. Redesigning the zinc coordination group revealed a novel class of fragments possessing Ki values as low as 128 μM, thus they provide a good starting point for further hit evolution in a tailored lead design.
Durable oncologic outcomes after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Tracy Chad R. , Raman Jay D. , Donnally Chester , Trimmer Clayton K. , Cadeddu Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Long‐term oncologic outcomes for renal thermal ablation are limited. The authors of this report present their experience with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy for 243 small renal masses (SRMs) over the past 7.5 years.METHODS:The authors' institutional, prospectively maintained RFA database was reviewed to determine intermediate and long‐term oncologic outcomes for patients with SRMs (generally <4 cm) who underwent RFA. Particular attention was placed on patients who had a minimum 3 years of follow‐up. Patients were excluded from the analysis if they had received previous treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on the ipsilateral kidney or if they did not have at least 1 imaging study available for follow‐up.RESULTS:Two hundred eight patients (with 243 SRMs) who had no evidence of previous ipsilateral renal cancer treatment underwent RFA and had follow‐up imaging studies available for review. Overall, tumor size averaged 2.4 cm, and follow‐up ranged from 1.5 months to 90 months (mean, 27 months). Of the 227 tumors (93%) that underwent preablation biopsy, RCC was confirmed in 79%. The initial treatment success rate was 97%, and the overall 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate was 93% (90% for 160 patients who had biopsy‐proven RCC). During follow‐up, 3 patients developed metastatic disease, and 1 patient died of RCC, yielding 5‐year actuarial metastasis‐free and cancer‐specific survival rates of 95% and 99%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:RFA provided successful treatment of SRMs and produced a low rate of recurrence as well as prolonged metastasis‐free and cancer‐specific survival rates at 5 years after treatment. Although longer term follow‐up of RFA will be required to determine late recurrence rates, the current results indicated a minimal risk of disease recurrence in patients who are >3 years removed from RFA. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Local axon collaterals of lamina I projection neurons in the spinal cord of young rats
Authors: Szucs Peter , Luz Liliana L. , Lima Deolinda , Safronov Boris V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLarge, mediolaterally oriented neurons in lamina I of the spinal cord, frequently referred to as marginal cells of Waldeyer, are known to project to supraspinal targets via the anterolateral tract (ALT). Although dendritic organization of lamina I neurons has been extensively studied, little is known about their local axonal morphology and branching. With the help of oblique illumination, we visually identified large lamina I neurons in the isolated lumbar enlargement (L1–L6) of the spinal cord of P14–P20 rats. By using intracellular and cell‐attached biocytin injections, we achieved extensive axonal and dendritic labeling in 77 lamina I cells, 40 of which were identified as ALT projection neurons. In the majority of the cases (n = 28), the main axon of these projection neurons gave rise to one or more thin collaterals on the ipsilateral side. Based on their trajectory and location, these collaterals could be divided into three major categories: dorsal, lateral, and ventral. Lamina I projection neurons had dorsal (n = 5), lateral (n = 8), or ventral (n = 6) collaterals only or a combination of these collateral types (n = 9). Our results suggest that lamina I ALT projection neurons can additionally function as local‐circuit and propriospinal neurons participating in intra‐ and intersegmental spinal cord processing. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2645–2665, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of spinothalamic tract neurons in adult and developing mouse
Authors: Davidson Steve , Truong Hai , Giesler Glenn J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUnderstanding the development of nociceptive circuits is important for the proper treatment of pain and administration of anesthesia to prenatal, newborn, and infant organisms. The spinothalamic tract (STT) is an integral pathway in the transmission of nociceptive information to the brain, yet the stage of development when axons from cells in the spinal cord reach the thalamus is unknown. Therefore, the retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold was used to characterize the STT at several stages of development in the mouse, a species in which the STT was previously unexamined. One‐week‐old, 2‐day‐old and embryonic‐day‐18 mice did not differ from adults in the number or distribution of retrogradely labeled STT neurons. Approximately 3,500 neurons were retrogradely labeled from one side of the thalamus in each age group. Eighty percent of the labeled cells were located on the side of the spinal cord contralateral to the injection site. Sixty‐three percent of all labeled cells were located within the cervical cord, 18% in thoracic cord, and 19% in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Retrogradely labeled cells significantly increased in diameter over the first postnatal week. Arborizations and boutons within the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus were observed after the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the neonatal spinal cord. These data indicate that, whereas neurons of the STT continue to increase in size during the postnatal period, their axons reach the thalamus before birth and possess some of the morphological features required for functionality. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3193–3204, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the Netrin/RGMa receptor neogenin in neurogenic regions of the mouse and human adult forebrain
Authors: Bradford D. , Faull R.L.M. , Curtis M.A. , Cooper H.M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the adult rodent forebrain, astrocyte‐like neural stem cells reside within the subventricular zone (SVZ) and give rise to progenitors and neuroblasts, which then undergo chain migration along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they mature into fully functional interneurons. Neurogenesis also occurs in the adult human SVZ, where neural precursors similar to the rodent astrocyte‐like stem cell and neuroblast have been identified. A migratory pathway equivalent to the rodent RMS has also recently been described for the human forebrain. In the embryo, the guidance receptor neogenin and its ligands netrin‐1 and RGMa regulate important neurogenic processes, including differentiation and migration. We show in this study that neogenin is expressed on neural stem cells (B cells), progenitor cells (C cells), and neuroblasts (A cells) in the adult mouse SVZ and RMS. We also show that netrin‐1 and RGMa are ideally placed within the neurogenic niche to activate neogenin function. Moreover, we find that neogenin and RGMa are also present in the neurogenic regions of the human adult forebrain. We show that neogenin is localized to cells displaying stem cell (B cell)‐like characteristics within the adult human SVZ and RMS and that RGMa is expressed by the same or a closely apposed cell population. This study supports the hypothesis that, as in the embryo, neogenin regulates fundamental signalling pathways important for neurogenesis in the adult mouse and human forebrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3237–3253, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary Photophysical Processes in Photosystem II: Bridging the Gap between Crystal Structure and Optical Spectra
Authors: Renger Thomas , Schlodder Eberhard 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis Minireview summarizes our current knowledge of the optical properties of photosystem II (PS‐II) and how these properties are related to the photosynthetic function, that is, excitation energy transfer from the antenna complexes to the reaction center (RC) and the subsequent transmembrane charge separation in the latter. Interpretation of the optical spectra of PS‐II is much more difficult than for the RC of purple bacteria, due to the “spectral congestion” problem, namely, the strong spectral overlap of optical bands in PS‐II. Recent developments in deciphering the optical properties of the pigments in PS‐II, the identification of functional states, and the kinetic details of the primary excitation energy and charge‐transfer reactions are summarized. The spectroscopic term P680 that is generally used in the literature no longer indicates the same entity in its cationic and singlet excited form but different subsets of the six innermost pigments of the RC. The accessory chlorophyll ChlD1 forms a sink for singlet excitation and triplet energy and most likely represents the primary electron donor in PS‐II. In this respect, a special chlorophyll monomer in PS‐II plays the role of the special pair in purple bacteria. Evidence that exciton transfer between the core antenna complexes CP43 and CP47 and the RC is the bottleneck for the overall photochemical trapping of excitation energy in PS‐II is discussed. A short summary is provided of PS‐II of Acaryochloris marina, which mainly contains chlorophyll d instead of the usual chlorophyll a. This system does not suffer from the spectral congestion problem and, therefore, represents an interesting model system. The final part of this Minireview provides a discussion of challenging problems to be solved in the future.
CD203c‐based basophil activation test in allergy diagnosis: Characteristics and differences to CD63 upregulation
Authors: Sturm Eva M. , Kranzelbinder Bettina , Heinemann Akos , Groselj‐Strele Andrea , Aberer Werner , Sturm Gunter J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground:The basophil activation test (BAT) based on CD203c upregulation has been validated as a reliable tool for the diagnosis of IgE‐mediated allergies. Nevertheless, CD203c‐based BAT is hardly comparable with that of CD63‐based tests, as the mechanisms of CD203c versus CD63 induction differ considerably. The aim of the present study was to identify potent influencing factors of the CD203c‐based BAT and to emphasize differences between CD63 and CD203c detection.Methods:CD203c‐based BAT was determined in 82 healthy controls and in 79 allergic patients. The effects of interleukin (IL)‐3 and degranulation enhancing substances were investigated and compared with CD63 upregulation. Furthermore, the influence of different storage conditions and incubation times was evaluated and the impact of antiallergic drugs on the test results was assessed.Results:CD203c and CD63 expression was rapidly upregulated reaching a maximum after 20–30 min. Basophil CD203c upregulation assayed after storage times up to 48 h declined already after 4 h. IL‐3 treatment increased CD203c and CD63 baseline levels and decreased basophil CD203c responses in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast, cytochalasin B and latrunculin B did not affect CD203c responses but decreased CD63‐based BAT. Finally, therapeutic concentrations of dimetindene and desloratadine did not affect CD203c upregulation.Conclusion:CD203c‐based basophil activation test should be performed preferentially within 4 h after taking the blood samples. Priming and degranulation‐enhancing factors are not required for CD203c‐based BAT. In contrast to skin testing, CD203c‐based BAT can be performed in patients undergoing antiallergic treatment. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society