bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of drug-drug interactions in cancer patients of a south Indian tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Kannan G , Anitha R , Rani Vanitha N , Thennarasu P , Alosh J , Vasantha J , Martin JR , Uma MRC 
Published: September 2011

Background:
Drug interactions in oncology are of particular importance owing to the narrow therapeutic index and the inherent toxicity of anticancer agents. Interactions with other medications can cause small change in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of chemotherapeutic agents that could significantly alter their safety and efficacy.

Aim:
To identify and document the potential drug-drug interactions in prescriptions of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

Settings and Design:
A tertiary care teaching hospital based prospective study.

Materials and Methods:
Patients admitted in the medical oncology wards with different types of malignancies and receiving cancer chemotherapy during the period of June 2009 to November 2009 were included in the study. A detailed data collection was done in a specially designed proforma with ethical approval and consent of patients and their prescriptions were subjected to drug-drug interaction screening using Drug Interaction Fact Software Version-4 and standard references. Incidence of drug-drug interactions, their types, correlation between age, cancer type, number of drugs prescribed and incidence of drug interactions were analyzed.

Statistical Analysis:
Logistic regression analysis and Odds ratio were performed to identify the incidence of drug-drug interactions and their correlation with the factors above mentioned.

Results:
A total of 75 patients (32 males and 43 females; median age 56 years, age range 23-74) were enrolled in the study and their prescriptions were screened. 213 interactions were identified of which, 21 were major, 121 were moderate and 71 were minor. There were 13 (6.1%) clinically significant interactions between anticancer drugs and 14 (6.5%) drug-drug interactions between anticancer drugs and other drugs prescribed for co-morbidities. There was a positive correlation between number of drugs prescribed and drug interactions (P=0.011; OR 0.903).

Conclusion:
Though there was not any life threatening interactions, the potential interactions were brought to the oncologist purview for ensuring patients safety and to avoid undesirable effects.
Recent advances in intestinal imaging
Authors: Sinha Rakesh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn recent years, advances in scanner technology and competition from other specialties have produced rapid changes in the way the intestines are imaged. MRI and CT scan along with the traditional enteroclysis examination have emerged at the forefront of intestinal imaging. Functional modalities such as diffusion and perfusion imaging are also changing the way tumors and inflammatory bowel diseases are evaluated. CT colonography is now a valid alterative to optical colonoscopy. Contrast-enhanced USG is being used for the assessment of inflammation and post-treatment changes. In this review, recent advances in intestinal imaging are described.
Multidetector CT evaluation of central airways stenoses: Comparison of virtual bronchoscopy, minimal-intensity projection, and multiplanar reformatted images
Authors: Sundarakumar Dinesh K , Bhalla Ashu S , Sharma Raju , Hari Smriti , Guleria Randeep , Khilnani Gopi C 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of virtual bronchoscopy, multiplanar reformatted images, and minimal-intensity projection in assessing airway stenoses. Settings and Design: It was a prospective study involving 150 patients with symptoms of major airway disease. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six patients were selected for analysis based on the detection of major airway lesions on fiber-optic bronchoscopy (FB) or routine axial images. Comparisons were made between axial images, virtual bronchoscopy (VB), minimal-intensity projection (minIP), and multiplanar reformatted (MPR) images using FB as the gold standard. Lesions were evaluated in terms of degree of airway narrowing, distance from carina, length of the narrowed segment and visualization of airway distal to the lesion. Results: MPR images had the highest degree of agreement with FB (Κ = 0.76) in the depiction of degree of narrowing. minIP had the least degree of agreement with FB (Κ = 0.51) in this regard. The distal visualization was best on MPR images (84.2%), followed by axial images (80.7%), whereas FB could visualize the lesions only in 45.4% of the cases. VB had the best agreement with FB in assessing the segment length (Κ = 0.62). Overall there were no statistically significant differences in the measurement of the distance from the carina in the axial, minIP, and MPR images. MPR images had the highest overall degree of confidence, namely, 70.17% (n = 40). Conclusion: Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques were found to improve lesion evaluation compared with axial images alone. The technique of MPR images was the most useful for lesion evaluation and provided additional information useful for surgical and airway interventions in tracheobronchial stenosis. minIP was useful in the overall depiction of airway anatomy.
Case Report: Floating fat globule within an arachnoid cyst
Authors: Sudhir Jayanand , Gopalakrishnan Chittur Viswanathan , Prabhu Sathia , Chinchure Swati 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntralesional floating fat globules have been reported in cystic lesions such as teratoma of the ovary and dermoid of the head and neck but not within intracranial lesions. Fat globules dispersed within the subarachnoid space are a known imaging finding of ruptured intracranial dermoid. We report a unique case of an intralesional solitary floating fat globule within a multicompartmental arachnoid cyst, with varying locations on serial imaging. We also put forward a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of fat within an arachnoid cyst. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such report in the literature.
Total Hip Arthroplasties in young Patients under 50 Years: Limited Evidence for Current Trends. A Descriptive Literature Review
Authors: De Kam Daniël C.J. , Busch Vincent J.J.F. , Veth René P.H. , Schreurs B. Willem 
Published: September 2011

We examined all reported outcomes of uncemented and cemented total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 50 years of age listed in Medline (1966– 1 January 2009) and PubMed, and scrutinised reference lists of relevant papers. In addition, we evaluated relevant data in the Swedish hip arthroplasty register. 109 relevant articles were identified, 37 of which had a mean follow-up longer than 10 years. Although uncemented implants are widely used in patients under 50 years of age, there are only 2 reports that fulfil the criteria published by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom (follow-up of >10yrs and survival of ≥90%). Current trends relating to implant selection remain unsupported by survival data, and additional information about the long-term results of newer implants is essential. As matters stand, the most reliable results relate to cemented implants.
Femoral Neck Narrowing following Hip Resurfacing using Posterior and Ganz Approaches at Two Years
Authors: Deans Victoria M. , Ho Ki Wai K. , Prakash Udai , Parsons Nick , Griffin Damian R. , Foguet Pedro 
Published: September 2011

We report a retrospective review of femoral head/neck ratios on post-operative and two year follow-up radiographs following hip resurfacing arthroplasty. The patients were in two matched groups, having had surgery through a posterior approach or via a Ganz trochanteric flip. There was no significant difference in femoral neck narrowing at follow up between the two surgical approaches. However, we found significant narrowing of the femoral neck in both groups by the time of the two year follow-up radiograph.
Half‐Metallic Antiferromagnet as a Prospective Material for Spintronics
Authors: Hu Xiao 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSpintronics is expected as the next‐generation technology based on the novel notch of spin degree of freedom of electrons. Half‐metals, a class of materials which behave as a metal in one spin direction and an insulator in the opposite spin direction, are ideal for spintronic applications. Half‐metallic antiferromagnets as a subclass of half‐metals are characterized further by totally compensated spin moments in a unit cell, and have the advantage of being able to generate fully spin‐polarized current while exhibiting zero macroscopic magnetization. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the search for this novel material, from which we may get useful insights for prospective material exploration.
Evaluation of nonconventional additives as fire retardants on polyamide 6,6: Phosphorous‐based master batch, α‐zirconium dihydrogen phosphate, and β‐cyclodextrin based nanosponges
Authors: Enescu Daniela , Alongi Jenny , Frache Alberto 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe influence of new types of additives, such as halogen‐ and antimony‐free flame‐retardant master batches based on phosphorus, α‐zirconium dihydrogen phosphate, and β‐cyclodextrin nanosponges, on the flame retardancy of polyamide 6,6 (PA6,6) by means of cone calorimetry and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests was investigated. A significant decrease of the heat release rate, depending by the type of additive used, was observed. Furthermore, with the consideration that the life safety during the fire could be improved by a decrease in the fire hazard, a decrease in the quantity of the smoke and its toxicity, depending also on the type of additive, was revealed. With regard to the LOI test, neat PA6,6 showed a slight increase in the LOI value in comparison with the PA6,6 composites. However, all of the PA6,6/composites showed a slower burning velocity and antidripping effects at oxygen concentrations corresponding to the LOI value. To understand the flame‐retardancy mechanism of these novel PA6,6 composites, we thoroughly investigated their thermal decomposition behavior and microstructure/elemental analysis by scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, the combustion behavior of these novel PA6,6 composites was compared with that of conventional nanofillers (e.g., modified montmorillonite clay and carbon nanotubes). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Ferromagnetic versus Antiferromagnetic Exchange Interactions in Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based 3d/4f Heterobimetallic Complexes
Authors: Cosquer Goulven , Pointillart Fabrice , Le Gal Yann , Golhen Stéphane , Cador Olivier , Ouahab Lahcène 
Published: September 2011

Abstract(TTF‐salphen)M compounds (TTF‐salphen2−=4,5‐bis(propylthio)tetrathiafulvalene‐N,N′‐phenylenebis(salicylideneimine) dianion; M=CuII and NiII) have been treated with Ln(hfac)3⋅2 H2O precursors (hfac−=1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoroacetylacetonate anion; Ln=GdIII, TbIII, and DyIII) to elaborate unprecedented 3d/4f TTF‐based heterobimetallic complexes of formula [(TTF‐salphen)MLn(hfac)3]. All the structures of these compounds have been resolved by X‐ray diffraction on single crystals. The structures of these complexes are formed by a TTF‐salphen2− ligand coordinated to the 3d metal ions in the inert tetradentate N2O2 site. The Ln(hfac)3 fragment is coordinated to the (TTF‐salphen)M one through the two phenolate bridges. Even if the complexes are similar in both CuII and NiII families, the crystal packing is different. In the first case, dimers of TTF‐salphen2− donors constitute the organic network. In the other case, a reminiscent organic network is observed with S⋅⋅⋅S contacts. The photophysical properties of [(TTF‐salphen)CuDy(hfac)3] (3) in chloroform solution highlight the redshift of the TTF→salphen charge transfer (400 cm−1) relative to the analogue excitations in (TTF‐salphen)Cu, which attest to the stability of these structures in solution. Static magnetic measurements have allowed us to quantify the ferromagnetic interactions (J=+1.29 cm−1) between CuII and GdIII in the [(TTF‐salphen)CuGd(hfac)3] complex. Finally, an empirical method that consists of the comparisons of the magnetic properties of [(TTF‐salphen)CuTb(hfac)3] with [(TTF‐salphen)NiTb(hfac)3] and [(TTF‐salphen)CuDy(hfac)3] with [(TTF‐salphen)NiDy(hfac)3] has established that ferromagnetic interactions take place between CuII and TbIII ions, whereas unusual antiferromagnetic interactions have been identified between CuII and DyIII ions.
The Microbubble Flotation – an Energy Efficient Process for Paper Industry?
Authors: Voß Dennis , Schabel Samuel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBeim Recycling von graphischem Altpapier bilden Druckfarben einen wichtigen Anteil an den zu entfernenden Verunreinigungen. Vor allem die wasserbasierten Druckfarben stellen hier eine Herausforderung dar. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war die Entwicklung einer neuen Flotationstechnologie, die diese Druckfarben entfernen können. Es wurde untersucht, ob spezielle Schäume, die als Mikroblasen bezeichnet werden, zu nutzen sind. Die Mikroblasen wurden durch Rotation einer Scheibe in einem Gefäß mit speziellen Stromstörerstrukturen erzeugt. Dadurch wurden die optischen Eigenschaften von Prozesswässern deutlich verbessert und es konnten zwischen 60 – 90 % der enthaltenen Feststoffe abgetrennt werden.
Catalytic Membrane Reactors – Chemical Upgrading and Pollution Control
Authors: Czuprat Oliver , Jiang Heqing 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article presents an overview on oxygen permeation, oxidative activation of light hydrocarbons and splitting of various molecules (H2O, N2O, NOx) containing oxygen in a hollow fiber catalytic membrane reactor made of BaCoxFeyZrzO3–δ (BCFZ, x+y+z = 1) which is used to separate oxygen from oxygen containing gases. Innovative reactor concepts are introduced and performances for the various applications are discussed. A detailed view is also given on the thermodynamic and kinetic background with regard to the above mentioned reactions. The potentials in terms of product intensification and energy saving by usage of the BCFZ hollow fibers as reaction vessels are evaluated. However, there are still technological challenges that prevent the described processes from being practiced on commercial scale by now.
Wildfire extent and severity correlated with annual streamflow distribution and timing in the Pacific Northwest, USA (1984–2005)
Authors: Holden Zachary A. , Luce Charles H. , Crimmins Michael A. , Morgan Penelope 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTClimate change effects on wildfire occurrence have been attributed primarily to increases in temperatures causing earlier snowpack ablation and longer fire seasons. Variability in precipitation is also an important control on snowpack accumulation and, therefore, on timing of meltwater inputs. We evaluate the correlation of total area burned and area burned severely to snowmelt‐induced streamflow timing and total annual streamflow metrics across the Pacific Northwest region from 1984–2005. Principal component scores on total annual water year flow and date of 50th percentile flow (PC1T) in the Pacific Northwest were used as predictors of satellite‐inferred area burned and area burned severely in forested settings. Both annual area burned and burned severely are significantly correlated with mean annual flow and streamflow timing. PC1T alone explains 24% of the variability in annual area burned. Path analysis suggests that a substantial amount of the variability in annual area burned, previously attributed solely to temperature effects on melt timing, may be primarily driven by trends in precipitation and total annual streamflow. Principal component analysis scores on mean annual streamflow explain as much as 46% of the variability in annual area burned from 1984–2005. Thus, although streamflow timing may be a better single correlate of annual wildfire activity, timing is, in turn, strongly dependent on precipitation. These results suggest that recent fire activity in forests of this region are influenced more by precipitation variability than temperature‐induced shifts in snowmelt timing, with significant implications for our ability to predict wildfire activity in the future. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Phosphite‐Mediated Synthesis of Benzimidazoles: A One‐Pot Four‐Component Approach from Nitrophenols
Authors: El Kaïm Laurent , Grimaud Laurence , Purumandla Srinivas Reddy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBenzimidazoles may be formed in high yield through the phosphite‐triggered reductive cyclization of o‐nitroaniline derivatives. This reaction was used for the one‐pot synthesis of benzimidazoles from o‐nitrophenols and isocyanides. The mechanism is discussed in relation with nitroso intermediates.
Synthesis of Perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]furans from Isopentenyl Alcohol through Carbonyl‐Ene and Wacker‐Type Reactions
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Rodríguez‐Fernández Mamen , Sánchez Daniel , Yus Miguel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA range of 2‐substituted perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]furans have been synthesized in a stereoselective manner through a sequence involving the Lewis‐acid catalyzed carbonyl‐ene reaction of a protected isopentenyl alcohol with a variety of enophiles, deprotection of the corresponding monoprotected diols, and palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular acetalization under Wacker‐type reaction conditions.
Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells – Tuning of the HOMO and LUMO Energy Levels of Pyrrolic Squaraine Dyes (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 28/2011)
Authors: Beverina Luca , Drees Martin , Facchetti Antonio , Salamone Matteo , Ruffo Riccardo , Pagani Giorgio A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows how the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of hydrazone end‐capped pyrrolic squaraine compounds for organic photovoltaic devices can be efficiently tuned by means of the substituent effect. The capability of tuning the LUMO position is of outmost importance to obtain efficient light‐induced charge transfer from the squaraine and the PC71BM acceptor. Moreover, the control of the HOMO energy enables the tuning of the device open circuit voltage. The squaraine general structure and synthetic access, along with their energy‐level diagram as a function of the substituent effect, are shown against a background of the sun aura atop the hills of the Joshua Tree desert in California. Details are discussed in the article by L. Beverina et al. on p. 5555 ff.
Free‐field rotations during earthquakes: Relevance on buildings
Authors: Castellani Alberto , Stupazzini Marco , Guidotti Roberto 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYSoil rotations around horizontal axes, during an earthquake, are studied through records collected by closely spaced arrays of strong motion accelerometers. The cross power spectrum of accelerations at nearby stations has been generally utilized to describe the spatial distribution of the motion. A number of cross spectra have been obtained during the training of these arrays. To take profit of these elaborations, a mathematical relation is established between the cross power spectrum and the power spectrum of the rotation.Rotation data presented by Liu et al, concerning 52 earthquake records collected at a single station in Taiwan, are compared with rotation data computed according to our procedure. The two series of data are suitably normalized to the peak horizontal acceleration. The data are shown in function of the distance from epicentre. The same ratio, computed according to our procedure, is in good agreement with the average value of these data.Direct measurements and the present approach have lead to evaluations of rotation higher than those predicted by mathematical investigations on the basis of the wave propagation theory, for comparable circumstances.The relevance of this input motion for relatively tall structures is examined, with reference to the structural effects that the horizontal motion concurrently provides. Meaningful will be ranked those effects of the order of magnitude of 20% or higher than those implied by the horizontal excitation.For understanding the relevance on building structures, the procedure has two areas of concern: 1) the coherence implicit in the cross power spectra, which depends on the interpolation process of the original records, collected in the arrays of instruments, and 2) the relative importance of the vertical to the horizontal input motion.As to the second item, the relevance of the rotation component on structures largely depends on the relative importance of the vertical to the horizontal input motion. When the records in an area a few km from the epicenter are considered, the response spectrum of vertical motion is comparable and in some records even higher, than that of horizontal motion, over the entire range of frequencies. This has been observed as well for the 2009 earthquake event of L'Aquila, Italy, and that at the Christchurch (New Zealand) 2011. When the response spectrum of vertical motion is comparable to that of horizontal motion, the effects of rotational motions on most engineering structures can be meaningful. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamically changing effects of corticosteroids on human hippocampal and prefrontal processing
Authors: Henckens Marloes J.A.G. , Pu Zhenwei , Hermans Erno J. , van Wingen Guido A. , Joëls Marian , Fernández Guillén 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStress has a powerful impact on memory. Corticosteroids, released in response to stress, are thought to mediate, at least in part, these effects by affecting neuronal plasticity in brain regions involved in memory formation, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Animal studies have delineated aspects of the underlying physiological mechanisms, revealing rapid, nongenomic effects facilitating synaptic plasticity, followed several hours later by a gene‐mediated suppression of this plasticity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that corticosteroids would also rapidly upregulate and slowly downregulate brain regions critical for episodic memory formation in humans. To target rapid and slow effects of corticosteroids on neural processing associated with memory formation, we investigated 18 young, healthy men who received 20 mg hydrocortisone either 30 or 180 min before a memory encoding task in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, counter‐balanced, crossover design. We used functional MRI to measure neural responses during these memory encoding sessions, which were separated by a month. Results revealed that corticosteroids' slow effects reduced both prefrontal and hippocampal responses, while no significant rapid actions of corticosteroids were observed. Thereby, this study provides initial evidence for dynamically changing corticosteroid effects on brain regions involved in memory formation in humans. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.