bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glioblastoma-derived Leptin Induces Tube Formation and Growth of Endothelial Cells: Comparison with VEGF Effects
Authors: Ferla Rita , Bonomi Maria , Otvos Laszlo , Surmacz Eva 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone whose mitogenic and angiogenic activity has been implicated in the development and progression of several malignancies, including brain tumors. In human brain cancer, especially in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), leptin and its receptor (ObR) are overexpressed relative to normal tissue. Until present, the potential of intratumoral leptin to exert proangiogenic effects on endothelial cells has not been addressed. Using in vitro models, we investigated if GBM can express leptin, if leptin can affect angiogenic and mitogenic potential of endothelial cells, and if its action can be inhibited with specific ObR antagonists. Leptin effects were compared with that induced by the best-characterized angiogenic regulator, VEGF.

Results
We found that GBM cell lines LN18 and LN229 express leptin mRNA and LN18 cells secrete detectable amounts of leptin protein. Both lines also expressed and secreted VEGF. The conditioned medium (CM) of LN18 and LN 229 cultures as well as 200 ng/mL pure leptin or 50 ng/mL pure VEGF stimulated proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) at 24 h of treatment. Mitogenic effects of CM were ~2-fold greater than that of pure growth factors. Furthermore, CM treatment of HUVEC for 24 h increased tube formation by ~5.5-fold, while leptin increased tube formation by ~ 80% and VEGF by ~60% at 8 h. The mitogenic and angiogenic effects of both CM were blocked by Aca 1, a peptide ObR antagonist, and by SU1498, which inhibits the VEGF receptor. The best anti-angiogenic and cytostatic effects of Aca1 were obtained with 10 nM and 25 nM, respectively, while for SU1498, the best growth and angiogenic inhibition was observed at 5 μM. The combination of 5 μM SU1498 and Aca1 at 25 nM (growth inhibition) or at 10 nM (reduction of tube formation) produced superior effects compared with single agent treatments.

Conclusions
Our data provide the first evidence that LN18 and LN 229 human GBM cells express leptin mRNA and might produce biologically active leptin, which can stimulate tube formation and enhance proliferation of endothelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that a peptide ObR antagonist inhibits proangiogenic and growth effects of leptin on endothelial cells, and that the pharmacological potential of this compound might be combined with drugs targeting the VEGF pathway.
La fiscalité des ensembles de budget : quelques propositions
Authors: Bensaïd Jean , Fleurbaey Marc 
Published: July 2011

Einige Vorschläge zur Besteuerung von Budgetglobalisierungen,
von Jean Bensaïd, Marc Fleurbaey.

In diesem Artikel soil aufgezeigt werden, daß ein Ansatz auf der Grundlage einer Budgetglobalisierung zu einer Steuerpolitik führen kann, die ehrgeizige Umverteilungsziele ohne Preisgabe der wirtschaftlichen Leistungsfähigkeit verfolgt. Aus einer solchen Analyse ergeben sich folgende Grundsätze:
- das Verfahren, das sich für die Besteuerung der Arbeitseinkünfte am besten eignet, ist die Besteuerung des Stundenlohnsatzes;
- Vermögens- und Arbeitseinküinfte sind getrennt zu besteuern;
- die Größe eines Haushalts muß bei der Besteuerung unabhängig von der Steuerprogression berücksichtigt werden; bei der Besteuerung von Ehepaaren ist zu unterscheiden zwischen Arbeitseinkünften und sonstigen Einkommen, wobei jedem Enepartner mindestens die Hälfte einer jeden Komponente des Gesamteinkommens zuzuweisen ist.
Une revue de la littérature sur les échelles d'équivalence
Authors: Lechene Valérie 
Published: July 2011

Une revue de la littérature sur les échelles d'équivalence,
par Valérie Lechene.

La modélisation de l'effet des enfants sur les comportements économiques a donné lieu à une littérature abondante et controversée. Ceci provient d'une part de ce que la mesure du coût de l'enfant s'avère nécessaire pour répondre à de nombreuses questions économiques, et d'autre part, de ce que subsistent des ambiguïtés quant au champ d'application des modèles existant à l'heure actuelle. L'intégration des caractéristiques socio-démographiques à l'outil micro-économique conduit à la construction d'échelles d'équivalence, conçues comme des indices du coût des caractéristiques, et utilisées en analyse de la demande et pour la mesure du bien-être. Je présenterai le problème fondamental d'identification des échelles à partir de données de demande, et j'indiquerai ce que mesurent réellement les échelles d'équivalence. Enfin, je présenterai les modèles d'Engel, de Rothbarth, de Barten et de Prais et Houthakker, qui sont les principaux modèles utilisés.
Évolution du coût de l'enfant avec le budget des ménages : quelques résultats
Authors: Wittwer Jérôme 
Published: July 2011

Évolution du coût de l'enfant avec le budget des ménages : quelques résultats,
par Jérôme Wittwer.

Le coût de l'enfant, tel qu'il est perçu par les échelles d'équivalence traditionnellement estimées, est supposé ne pas dépendre du niveau de vie des ménages (si ce n'est par l'influence de la structure du budget de consommation). Cette hypothèse ne découlant ni d'une exigence théorique ni d'une évidence factuelle, nous proposons dans cet article de la lever en estimant des coefficients d'échelle fonctions du budget des ménages. Ces estimations seront menées sur trois systèmes de demande répondant soit à l'approche de Barten soit à l'approche de Prais-Houthakker. Les résultats obtenus nous permettront de réfléchir sur la pertinence de la méthode d'estimation du coût de 1 enfant au coût réel.
Combined effects of internal heat generation and buoyancy force on boundary layer flow over a vertical plate with a convective surface boundary condition
Authors: Makinde O. D. , Olanrewaju P. O. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper considers the effect of buoyancy force and internal heat generation on laminar thermal boundary layer over a vertical plate with a convective surface boundary condition. We assumed that left surface of the plate is in contact with a hot fluid while a stream of cold fluid flows steadily over the right surface with a heat source that decays exponentially. Using a similarity variable, the steady state governing non‐linear partial differential equations have been transformed into a set of coupled non‐linear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by applying shooting iteration technique together with fourth order Runge–Kutta integration scheme. The effects of Prandtl number, local Biot number, the internal heat generation parameter and the local Grashof number on the velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated and interpreted in physical terms. A comparison with previously published results on special case of the problem shows excellent agreement. From our results, an overshoot of fluid velocity within the boundary layer is observed due to combined effect of buoyancy force and internal heat generation, in addition, internal heat generation causes thickening of thermal boundary layer. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Swiss roll ensemble homogenization by full‐wave simulations
Authors: Michiels Bart , Bogaert Ignace , Fostier Jan , Zutter Daniël De 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper investigates a magnetic metamaterial, built from so‐called Swiss rolls, by means of full‐wave simulations.After determining the resonance frequencies of a single Swiss roll, the macroscopic material parameters of an ensemble of Swiss rolls are determined byS‐parameter retrieval, using a bianisotropic model, that does not assume reciprocity a priori. As a result, the macroscopic permeability, permittivity, and magnetoelectric coupling coefficients are obtained as a function of frequency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2268–2274, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26257
Low‐loss W‐band CPW bandpass filter using annular CPW branch‐line coupler with open load stubs
Authors: Van Hoang Nguyen , Anh Tuan Hoang , Kim Jin‐Ho , Baek Yong‐Huyn , Lee Sang‐Jin , Han Min , Chae Yeon‐Sik , Kim Sam‐Dong , Rhee Jin‐Koo , Jung Joo‐Ho , Park Young‐Wook 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA W‐band coplanar waveguide (CPW) low‐loss annular branch‐line bandpass filter for planar integrated millimeter‐wave circuits is presented. It is designed by using the annular branch‐line coupler as a transversal filtering section by loading the coupled ports of the coupler with suitable open load stubs and taking the isolated port as the output node. The proposed W‐band bandpass filter shows very good performance, insertion‐loss of 0.7 dB with a 14.9% of 3 dB relative bandwidth at center frequency of 94 GHz and return loss is better than −27 dB at the center frequency. The designed and fabricated bandpass filter exhibits the good performance for monolithic integrated millimeter‐wave circuit applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2400–2403, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26264
Efficient time‐domain back projection algorithm for penetration imaging radar
Authors: Jeong Pilwon , Han Seunghoon , Kim Kangwook 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis work describes an implementation method of the delay‐sum back projection (DSBP) algorithm that can be used in penetration imaging radar. DSBP is one of the synthetic aperture radar imaging algorithms that reconstruct the target image based on the round‐trip time of the electromagnetic (EM) signal between the antenna and the target. The round‐trip time is influenced by the EM signal path length and the refractive index of the medium. In this work, the EM signal path length is determined using an interpolation method. This method precalculates the EM signal path lengths for a number of discretized incident angles. Then, EM signal path lengths for arbitrary points are calculated by interpolating the precalculated path lengths. The proposed method is applied to both the simulated and measured data and shown to produce accurate images. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed and compared with other conventional methods. The results imply that the proposed method is flexible, accurate, and reasonably fast. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2406–2411, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26277
Simple two‐stage pulse compression for a SOA‐based fiber ring
Authors: Lin Kuen‐Cherng , Lin Gong‐Ru , Lin Yu‐Chan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA semiconductor‐optical‐amplifier‐based fiber ring of two‐stage pulse compression, especially with exploitation of the LEAF fiber, is presented. A 10‐Gbps clock pulse recovery is induced by injecting optical NRZ data stream into a semiconductor‐optical‐amplifier‐based fiber ring. The recovered return‐to‐zero clock pulse is further compressed by means of both the dispersion‐compensation to 5.6 ps and the LEAF‐ based soliton compression to 540 fs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2330–2332, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26281
Bandwidth enhancement of microstrip antennas by staggering effect
Authors: Mandal K. , Sarkar S. , Sarkar P. P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA structure of staggered tuned microstrip antenna is designed and fabricated. Theoretical and experimental investigations are done on the structure. Both the results show that due to staggering effect bandwidth of the antennas has been enhanced. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2446–2447, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26299
Influence of Material and Interface Properties on the Overall Behaviour of Particle Reinforced Steel with Focus on the Phase Transformation Capabilities of the Individual Components
Authors: Mehlhorn L. , Prüger S. , Soltysiak S. , Mühlich U. , Kuna M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe influence of the volume content and the interface properties of ZrO2 particles on the overall response of a TRIP steel‐ZrO2 composite is investigated. Materials with three different zirconia contents and two different interface types, perfectly bonded and non‐cohesive, respectively, were considered, which led to six composite variants. The calulations of the material responses were performed using representative volumes of the composites and the finite element analysis (FEA). Uniaxial loading as well as biaxial loading was applied to the representative volume elements in order to study the influence of different loading conditions on the phase transformation behaviour.The results indicate that the enrichment of the TRIP steel with zirconia particles leads to a significant strengthening effect in both uniaxial and biaxial loading provided the interface has cohesive properties. Regarding the non‐cohesive interface, a performance improvement could not be found compared to the pure TRIP steel because of the impossibility of transferring tensile stresses into the zirconia inclusions.
Imperfection for realistic image synthesis
Authors: Becket Welton , Badler Norman I. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCreating objects with surface imperfections is accomplished through texture specification and generation techniques. Based on fractal subdivision techniques and relatively simple distribution models, a wide class of surface imperfections may be generated, combined and rendered. The surface effects include scratches, splotches, smudges, corrosion, mould, stains and rust. A rule‐based system is used to position the various surface imperfections on the texture map, and a simple natural language interface is used to specify the kinds of imperfections and their generative parameters through adverbs and prepositional phrases. Results along some of the imperfection dimensions are illustrated.
Preparation and Crystal Structure of the Clathrate‐I Cs8–xGe44+y□2–y
Authors: Veremchuk Igor , Wosylus Aron , Böhme Bodo , Baitinger Michael , Borrmann Horst , Prots Yurii , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe clathrate‐I phase Cs8–xGe44+y□2–y (space group Pm$\bar{3}$n) was prepared by high‐pressure high‐temperature reactions of Cs4Ge4 and α‐Ge. Different reaction conditions were found to have a strong influence on the lattice parameter of the clathrate‐I phase ranging from 10.8070(2) Å to 10.8493(3) Å. A single crystal with composition Cs8Ge44.40(2)□1.60(2) was obtained from a sample with a = 10.8238(2) Å (niobium ampoule, p = 3.4 GPa, Tmax = 1400 °C). Structure analysis based on X‐ray single crystal data shows unambiguously an excess of germanium atoms with respect to the electron balanced composition Cs8Ge44□2 on basis of the Zintl concept.
Chemical Constituents, Dietary Fiber, and γ‐Oryzanol in Six Commercial Varieties of Brown Rice from Taiwan
Authors: Lu Ting‐Jang , Chen Hsiao‐Ni , Wang Huei‐Ju 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn the interest of promoting the consumption of whole grains, the chemical constituents (moisture, protein, ash, and fat) and biofunctional components (dietary fiber and γ‐oryzanol) were determined in six varieties of brown rice (five japonica and one indica) that are preferred in the form of polished rice by consumers in Taiwan. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the chemical compositions of the samples for all the measured parameters. The Koshihikari variety had the highest contents of protein and crude ash. Crop year showed significant effects on the moisture content and partly on the protein, ash, and fat contents. The total dietary fiber content of the tested rice ranged between 5.1 and 10.0%, with Kaohsiung 145 having the highest content (P < 0.05). In all varieties, the content of insoluble dietary fiber was greater than that of soluble dietary fiber. The content (mg/100 g) of γ‐oryzanol ranged from 17.9 to 29.2 for the 2009 crop and from 24.5 to 41.3 for the 2010 crop. It showed that γ‐oryzanol was affected by crop year and variety. The japonica types had significantly higher γ‐oryzanol content (P < 0.05) than the indica type. Taikeng 9 and Tainan 11 had greater γ‐oryzanol content than the other rice varieties.
Impaired Function of the Tonoplast-Localized Sucrose Transporter in Rice, OsSUT2, Limits the Transport of Vacuolar Reserve Sucrose and Affects Plant Growth
Authors: Eom Joon-Seob , Cho Jung-Il , Reinders Anke , Lee Sang-Won , Yoo Youngchul , Tuan Pham Quoc , Choi Sang-Bong , Bang Geul , Park Youn-Il , Cho Man-Ho , Bhoo Seong Hee , An Gynheung , Hahn Tae-Ryong , Ward John M. , Jeon Jong-Seong 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Physiological functions of sucrose (Suc) transporters (SUTs) localized to the tonoplast in higher plants are poorly understood. We here report the isolation and characterization of a mutation in the rice (Oryza sativa) OsSUT2 gene. Expression of OsSUT2-green fluorescent protein in rice revealed that OsSUT2 localizes to the tonoplast. Analysis of the OsSUT2 promoter::β-glucuronidase transgenic rice indicated that this gene is highly expressed in leaf mesophyll cells, emerging lateral roots, pedicels of fertilized spikelets, and cross cell layers of seed coats. Results of Suc transport assays in yeast were consistent with a H+-Suc symport mechanism, suggesting that OsSUT2 functions in Suc uptake from the vacuole. The ossut2 mutant exhibited a growth retardation phenotype with a significant reduction in tiller number, plant height, 1,000-grain weight, and root dry weight compared with the controls, the wild type, and complemented transgenic lines. Analysis of primary carbon metabolites revealed that ossut2 accumulated more Suc, glucose, and fructose in the leaves than the controls. Further sugar export analysis of detached leaves indicated that ossut2 had a significantly decreased sugar export ability compared with the controls. These results suggest that OsSUT2 is involved in Suc transport across the tonoplast from the vacuole lumen to the cytosol in rice, playing an essential role in sugar export from the source leaves to sink organs.
The morphology of gills of Haliotis tuberculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Manganaro Mauro , Laurà Rosaria , Guerrera Maria C. , Lanteri Giovanni , Zaccone Daniele , Marino Fabio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractManganaro, M., Laurà, R., Guerrera, M.C., Lanteri, G., Zaccone, D. and Marino, F. 2011. The morphology of gills of Haliotis tuberculata (Linnaeus, 1758). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 436–443.Although the morphology of abalone gills has been studied by some authors, up to date no data are available about the gills of Haliotis tuberculata. This study was carried out, by light and electron microscopy, on 10 wild adult H. tuberculata. Gills lamellae produce an undulated surface increasing the area in contact with water. At the level of skeletal rods, we observed a joint‐like structure that allows a checked movement. The left ctenidium is always decidedly larger than the right, probably because of the enormous size of the shell muscle. The cilia permit oxygenated water that leaves the afferent border and is thrust away at the tips of the lamellae by the extremely long cilia. Ciliary movement may take part in sweeping mucous secretions to capture extraneous particles and remove them from the gills. Three types of mucous cells are distributed along the epithelium of the afferent and efferent zones of the gill filament. They seem to play a role in the cleansing of gills in coordination with the muscle contraction and ciliary movement. The presence of microvilli on particular cells reflects their role associated with the absorption of substances from the environment. A haemolymphatic vessel is located in the central zone of the gill filament. The backbone of the haemolymphatic vessel is a chitino‐like structure, which gives support to the gills.
Financial Openness and the Dutch Disease
Authors: Lartey Emmanuel K. K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between the degree of financial openness and Dutch disease effects of capital inflows in developing countries. The results reveal that an increase in financial openness leads to an appreciation of the real exchange rate. In particular, the study shows that an increase in inflow of foreign direct investments (FDI) results in an appreciation of the real exchange rate in more financially open countries only. The results also suggest that there is a trade‐off between the resource movement effect and the spending effect in more financially open economies following an increase in FDI inflows, such that the more the tradable sector expands relative to the nontradable sector, the greater is the real exchange rate appreciation.
Predictors of surgical‐orthodontic treatment duration of unilateral impacted maxillary central incisors
Authors: Ho KH , Liao YF 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article:
Ho KH, Liao YF: Predictors of surgical‐orthodontic treatment duration of unilateral impacted maxillary central incisors Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:175–180Structured AbstractAuthors –  Ho KH, Liao YFObjectives –  To determine independent predictors of duration of surgical‐orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary central incisors.Setting and Sample Population –  The Department of Dentistry at Show Chwan Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. Eighty patients with unilateral osseous impacted maxillary central incisors receiving a surgical‐orthodontic treatment.Material and Methods –  This is a retrospective observational study. Treatment duration and its predictors were abstracted from the patients’ charts and pre‐treatment cephalometric radiographs. Predictors included demographics, crown angle, crown height, crown depth, and root dilacerations.Results –  The mean age of the cohort was 9.2 ± 2.3 years (6.4–20.6 years), and 60% were women. The mean orthodontic traction time was 8.0 ± 4.5 months (2.0–24.1 months). Using multiple linear regression analysis, the independent predictors of treatment duration for an impacted maxillary central incisor were age (β = 0.9, p < 0.001), crown height (β = −0.2, p < 0.05), and root dilacerations (β = 3.8, p < 0.001).Conclusions –  Duration of surgical‐orthodontic treatment of an impacted maxillary central incisor varied widely. Predictors of longer treatment time were older age, high impacted tooth, and dilacerated incisors.