bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on spiritual struggles: A brief snapshot focusing on new horizons
Authors: Exline Julie J. , Pargament Kenneth I. , Wilt Joshua A. , Pait Kathleen C. , Schutt William A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many people experience spiritual struggles – experiences of tension, strain, or conflict around religious or spiritual matters. Empirical, psychological research on spiritual struggles has increased greatly in the past several decades. To date, much of the emphasis has been on developing and refining assessment tools and documenting links with emotional distress. Building on several recent reviews of spiritual struggle research (Pargament & Exline 2021; Pargament & Exline 2022) as well as our own recent projects on spiritual struggles, our aim in this article is to look toward the future: What are some promising new horizons in research on spiritual struggles? We will focus on four broad areas: 1) conceptualization, assessment, and methods, 2) connections between struggles and indicators of distress or problems, 3) how struggle might foster growth, and 4) clinical interventions.
Thr92Ala-DIO2 heterozygosity is associated with skeletal muscle mass and myosteatosis in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Beltrão Fabyan Esberard de Lima , Beltrão Daniele Carvalhal de Almeida , Carvalhal Giulia , Beltrão Fabyanna Lethicia de Lima , Oliveira Jocyel de Brito , Silva Hatilla dos Santos , Teixeira Helena Mariana Pitangueira , Rodrigues Juliana Lopes , Figueiredo Camila Alexandrina Viana de , Costa Ryan dos Santos , Hecht Fabio , Vieira Giciane Carvalho , Gonçalves Maria da Conceição Rodrigues , Bianco Antonio C. , Ramos Helton Estrela 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
The type 2 deiodinase and its Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism have been linked to clinical outcomes in acute lung injury and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective
The objective was to identify a potential association between Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism and body composition (appendicular muscle mass, myosteatosis, and fat distribution) and to determine whether they reflect the severity or mortality associated with the disease.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study (June–August 2020), 181 patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 underwent a non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the thorax to assess body composition, laboratory tests, and genotyping for the Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism.

Results
In total, 181 consecutive patients were stratified into three subgroups according to the genotype: Thr/Thr (n = 64), Thr/Ala (n = 96), and Ala/Ala (n = 21). The prevalence of low muscle area (MA) (< 92 cm²) was 52.5%. Low MA was less frequent in Ala/Thr patients (44.8%) than in Thr/Thr (60.9%) or Ala/Ala patients (61.9%) (P = 0.027). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the Thr/Ala allele was associated with a reduced risk of low MA (41% to 69%) and myosteatosis (62% to 72%) compared with Thr/Thr + Ala/Ala (overdominant model). Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with low muscle mass and homozygosity had lower survival rates than the other groups. Notably, the heterozygotes with MA ≥92 cm² exhibited the best survival rate.

Conclusion
Thr92Ala-DIO2 heterozygosity is associated with increased skeletal MA and less myosteatosis in patients with COVID-19. The protective effect of Thr92Ala-DIO2 heterozygosity on COVID-19 mortality is restricted to patients with reduced MA.
Creative Self-Perception of Spanish Secondary Teachers
Authors: Pont-Niclòs Isabel , Echegoyen-Sanz Yolanda , Martín-Ezpeleta Antonio 
Published: June 2024

Aim. The aim of this research is to analyse the creative self-perception of Spanish secondary teachers in different domains considering that creativity is increasingly being considered a key educational objective by organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) or educational laws, such as the recent Spanish one (Ministerio de Educación, Formación Profesional y Deportes Español, 2020).
Methods. Participants were 100 Spanish in-service teachers at the level of secondary education. They completed the K-DOCS questionnaire (Kaufman, 2012), in which the self-perception of creativity in different domains (Self/Everyday, Scholarly, Performance, Scientific/Mechanic and Artistic) is assessed. The influence of variables such as gender, age, years of experience and area of teaching are analysed.
Results. The analysis shows that Spanish secondary teachers have moderate-to-high perception of their own creativity. Although no statistically significant differences were found according to age or years of expertise, the scores in the Scientific/Mechanic domain were found to be significantly different according to gender. Separate creativity profiles were found for teachers with unrelated areas of expertise.
Conclusion. This study aims to enhance understanding into the role of teachers in the promotion/hindering of creativity in classrooms. Results show a moderate creative self-perception with differences across domains, which logically conditions their conceptualisation of creativity and the importance given to it in classrooms. The importance of teacher training contributing to improve it is valued and key aspects are pointed out, such as the relevance of promoting a Centre Creative Plan with specific actions of a transdisciplinary nature in schools.
Surgical site infections in elective and emergency general surgery cases in a tertiary public hospital of South India: a retrospective study
Authors: Reji Rahul G. , Vijayakumar Chellappa , Sreenath G. S. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality among post-operative patients worldwide. They also increase healthcare costs and prolong the duration of hospital stay. This study aims to determine the incidence of SSIs in elective and emergency general surgery and its association with various risk factors.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out using the case sheets of 200 patients who underwent general surgery in a tertiary public hospital of South India. The patients were selected from two cohorts- emergency and elective (100 from each). The data retrieved from the hospital’s electronic medical records were analyzed using STATA version 14.0.
Results: Of the 200 patients included in the study, 57% were men and the mean (range) age was 49.3 (18-88) years; 122 patients (61%) had contaminated wounds, 68 patients (34%) had a pre-existing comorbidity and the average duration of hospital stay was 6.98 days. The overall surgical site infection rate was 11%; 13% in emergency surgery and 9% in elective surgery. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 36% of the patients with surgical site infections.
Conclusions: Emergency surgery reported a higher infection rate than elective surgery. Old age, pre-existing medical illnesses, wound contamination and prolonged hospital stay were also found to increase the risks for developing SSIs.
Aetiology and Outcome of Childhood Convulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Wasim Areeba , Al Maawali Shihab S , AlJabri Abdulrahman S , Al Amrani Fatema , Ahmad Faraz , Mansi Ahmed , Al Futaisi Amna 
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the etiology, management, and outcomes of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children highlighting the factors that affect patient outcome. Methods: In a retrospective study spanning 2020 to 2023, 93 children with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) treated at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital's emergency department (ED), High Dependency (HD), and intensive care unit (ICU) were analyzed. The Modified Rankin Scale at discharge determined CSE outcome. Results: Study of 93 children (mean age 4.84 years ± 3.64), predominantly Omani (92.47%). Acute 14 symptomatic (37.7%) and febrile tatus (31.2%) were primary causes. Diazepam used in 67.44% 15 cases as first-line treatment, with median seizure duration of 45 minutes. Successful control achieved in 16 76.34% within 60 minutes. Return to baseline in 55.9%, 5.38% mortality, and 38.7% disability. Etiology and 17 duration significantly impacted outcomes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Acute symptomatic is the most common etiology of CSE, and a longer duration is associated with higher mortality and neurological disability. Therefore, managing CSE promptly and appropriately is crucial. Furthermore, identifying and treating the underlying cause is essential to reduce the duration of CSE and improve the outcome.
Keywords: Etiology, Outcome, Convulsive Status Epilepticus, Modified Rankin Scale
Surgical Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Junejo Noor N , AbuDraz Najib , Aquil Shahid , Mathew Joseph K , Al Badaai Ghalib , Al-Marhoon Mohammed S , Siddiqui Khurram M 
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is one of the foremost urological malignancies. In Oman, an age-standardized incidence rate of 2.5 per 100,000 per year is reported. There is a trend towards early detection and use of minimally invasive technology for the treatment of RCC. Aim of our study was to report the changing trend in clinical presentation and RCC management, including to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy in Oman. Methods: After ethical committee’s approval, the bio-data for adult patients and peri-operative details were collected, who were diagnosed with RCC between 2011 and 2022. We analyze the variables, both continuous and categorical by Chi-square analysis. The p-value <0.05 was set as a level of significance. Results: Fifty-six patients underwent surgical treatment of RCC. Among them, 34 patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) and 22 open nephrectomy (ON). The mean age in the LN group was 53.82 years ± 13.44, and 56.2 years ± 15 (p-value 0.535) in ON group. Forty-seven patients were of Omani descent and 9 patients were expatiates. The mean tumor size was 6.25 ± 3.16 and 9.2 ± 5.20 cm for the LN and ON groups, respectively. More than 55% cases were incidentally diagnosed. Over the years there has been a trend towards LN. Conclusion: In our study, we found a trend towards early diagnosis with majority of cancers discovered incidentally. We also recognized that laparoscopic approach is more commonly employed in the surgical management with acceptable morbidity. These trends are in congruence with the global literature.
Keywords: nephrectomy, laparoscopic, open, renal cell carcinoma
Meta Analysis: Factors Relating to Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (CHLB)
Authors: Sari Rima Permata , Husaini Husaini , Suhartono Eko , Arifin Syamsul , Tri Febriana Silvia Kristanti 
Published: June 2024

Clean and healthy living behavior (CHLB) is a health program implemented in 1996. It is a social engineering to make as many agents of change from the community as possible to improve their quality of daily life for more clean and healthy. Riskesdas data for 2007, 2013, and 2018 state that CHLB in Indonesia has increased by only 28%, but has yet to reach the Ministry of Health's primary target, around 100% of Indonesians implement CHLB. This study aims to analyze health workers' associated knowledge, attitude, and role with clean and healthy living behaviors (CHLB). This research uses a meta-analysis research design with a correlation meta-analysis research plan. Articles were taken from Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The 12 relevant articles according to the inclusion criteria using Review Manager 5.4. The result of the study showed knowledge is associated with CHLB with p=0.00001 and pOR value= 3.80; CI 95% 2.40-6.02, attitude is associated with CHLB with p=0.00001 and pOR value= 3.12; CI 95% 2.41-4.04 and role of health workers are associated with CHLB p=0.0001 and pOR value= 3.01; CI 95%= 1.93-4.72. Knowledge, attitude and role of health workers are related to clean and healthy living behavior (CHLB).
Quantifying and Mapping Vulnerability to Extreme Heat Using Socio-Economic Factors at the National, Regional and Local Level
Authors: Ziliaskopoulos Konstantinos , Petropoulos Christos , Laspidou Chrysi 
Published: June 2024

Extreme heat is a climate hazard that has been linked with high morbidity and mortality. The way extreme heat events are felt in the population varies depending on a variety of factors, such as age, employment status, living conditions, air-conditioning, housing conditions, habits, behaviors, and other socio-demographic parameters. To quantify and locate vulnerabilities of populations to extreme heat, we analyze socio-economic data at the NUTS3 level for the national case study of Greece and at the census tract level for the local case study of the city of Athens. The target variable for this study is defined as the average daily mortality during heatwaves per 100,000 individuals and a methodology is developed for constructing this variable, based on socio-economic data available in public databases. Independent variables were selected based on their contribution to socioeconomic vulnerability; they include the percentage of elderly, retired, unemployed, renting, living alone, residing in smaller houses, living in older houses, and immigrants from developing countries. An ensemble gradient boosted tree model was employed for this study to obtain feature importance metrics that was used to construct a composite index of socioeconomic heat vulnerability. The socioeconomic heat vulnerability index (SHVI) was calculated for each prefecture in Greece and for each census tract in the city of Athens, Greece. The unique feature of this SHVI is that it can be applied to any geographical resolution using the same methodology and produces a result that is not only quantifiable, but also allows comparison between vulnerability scores of different regions. This application aimed to map the SHVI of both prefecture and city, to examine the significance of scale, to identify vulnerability hotspots, and rank the most vulnerable areas, which are prioritized by authorities for interventions that protect public health.
Feasibility of Multilevel Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion in a Patient With an Intrapelvic Kidney
Authors: Hahn A.K. , Grace Z.T. , Megalla M. , Kia C. , Dacruz J. , Nagarkatti A.R. , Gifford E. , Zhou H. 
Published: June 2024

Case: We present a 64-year-old woman with loss of lumbar lordosis with a preoperative computed tomography scan demonstrating the presence of an intrapelvic kidney with aberrant vasculature. A 2-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion with a 2-level oblique interbody fusion was planned. An anterior approach was successfully used to access the anterior spine without damaging the pelvic kidney.
Conclusion: Anatomic variations, both congenital and acquired, can pose significant challenges to surgeons during their dissection. We present a case where multilevel anterior interbody cage placement can be safely performed, even in a patient whose anatomy is complicated by an intrapelvic kidney.
Transforming Aluminum Welding Through FSW Innovations
Authors: Sjaifulah Sandifta Iffah , Mulyadi  
Published: June 2024

This study explores the impact of process parameters on the macrostructure of Aluminum alloy AA6061-T651 welded via Friction Stir Welding (FSW). Using Fillet joints and hexagonal tool geometries, the study investigates variations in tool rotation speed, tool tilt angle, and depth of penetration. Results show that specimens with a tool tilt angle of 3.4° exhibit optimal macrostructural properties, including equiaxed structures and increased Mg2Si phases, enhancing mechanical properties. This research contributes valuable insights for optimizing FSW parameters in AA6061-T651 welding, with implications for improving weld quality and performance in industrial applications.

Highlight:

FSW affects AA6061-T651 macrostructure.
Optimal parameters improve mechanical properties.
Study enhances aluminum weld quality.

Keyword: Friction Stir Welding (FSW), Aluminum alloy AA6061-T651, Process parameters, Macrostructure analysis, Mechanical properties
Physics Informed Machine Learning for Reservoir Connectivity Identification and Robust Production Forecasting
Authors: Nagao Masahiro , Datta-Gupta Akhil , Onishi Tsubasa , Sankaran Sathish 
Published: June 2024

Summary
Routine well-wise injection/production data contain significant information that can be used for closed-loop reservoir management and rapid field decision-making. Traditional physics-based numerical reservoir simulation can be computationally prohibitive for short-term decision cycles, and it requires a detailed geologic model. Reduced physics models provide an efficient simulator-free workflow but often have a limited range of applicability. Pure machine learning models lack physical interpretability and can have limited predictive power. To address these challenges, we propose hybrid models, combining machine learning and a physics-based approach, for rapid production forecasting and reservoir connectivity characterization using routine injection/production and pressure data.
Our framework takes routine measurements, such as injection rate and pressure data, as inputs and multiphase production rates as outputs. We combine reduced physics models into a neural network architecture by utilizing two different approaches. In the first approach, the reduced physics model is used for preprocessing to obtain approximate solutions that feed it into a neural network as input. This physics-based input feature can reduce the model complexity and provide significant improvement in prediction performance. In the second approach, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) is applied. The residual terms are augmented in the neural network loss function as physics-based regularization that relies on the governing partial differential equations (PDE). Reduced physics models are used for the governing PDE to enable efficient neural network training. The regularization allows the model to avoid overfitting and provides better predictive performance.
Our proposed hybrid models are first validated using a 2D benchmark reservoir simulation case and then applied to a field-scale reservoir case to show the robustness and efficiency of the method. The hybrid models are shown to provide prediction performance that is superior to pure machine learning models and reduced physics models in terms of multiphase production rates. Specifically, in the second method with PINN, the trained hybrid neural network model satisfies the reduced physics system, making it physically interpretable, and provides interwell connectivity in terms of well flux allocation. The flux allocation estimated from the hybrid model was compared with streamline-based flux allocation, and reasonable agreement was obtained. By combining the reduced physics model with the efficacy of deep learning, model calibration can be done very efficiently without constructing a geologic model.
The proposed hybrid models with physics-based regularization and physics-based preprocessing provide novel approaches to augment data-driven models with underlying physics to build interpretable models for understanding reservoir connectivity between wells and for robust future production forecasting.
Fabric Defect Detection Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Nouri Zahra , Mohanna Farahnaz , Boluki Mina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a method is proposed for the fabric defect detection based on the two-level K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers. First, six features are extracted from the directional grey level co-occurrence matrix of the fabric input image. Next, the minimum, maximum, median, and mean of intensities of the input image are calculated. Then, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm is applied to reduce the feature vector dimensions. Finally, the first K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier is used for these features clustering. As a result, the fabric input image is classified to the defective and non-defective based on the trained data. In the second level, the defective fabric image features are extracted and reduced by the PCA and classified by the second KNN. As a result, each defect class is classified and their locations are determined by using the morphological operations. The proposed method performance is evaluated on the TILDA database. The simulation results show more than 90% improvement on the accuracy of the fabric defect detection in comparison to the recent related works.
Influence of compactness upon flammability, combustibility, and heat transfer properties of vegetation fuels
Authors: Boutchiche Hanane , Mosbah Omar , Sahila Adel , Viegas Domings Xavier , Zekri Nouredine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Using a cone calorimeter as a heat source, the influence of compactness on flaming ignition/residence times was explored experimentally for three different dry vegetation types (Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, and wheat straw). While the residence time increases monotonically with the packing ratio, the ignition time exhibits a trend with at least one minimum for the fuels studied across a wide range of compactnesses from 3 to 50%. The range of the minimum ignition time is considerably narrowed to a few millimeters when the mean free path is employed in place of the packing ratio, demonstrating the importance of incident radiation in the heat transfer mechanism. For the Pinus halepensis needles, two minimum ignition times of approximately 12.5% and 34% were identified. A heat transfer analysis developed for this porous fuel using a theoretical model based on energy conservation showed that conduction and internal convection heat transfer enhance the heat flux received by the surface. The contribution of anomalous heating dynamics to ignition time behavior is further discussed. The model does not predict this anomalous dynamic because it does not account for the mass loss caused by heating.
Endothelial protein C receptor promotes retinal neovascularization through heme catabolism
Authors: Song Hongyuan , Li Qing , Gui Xiao , Fang Ziyu , Zhou Wen , Wang Mengzhu , Jiang Yuxin , Geng Ajun , Shen Xi , Liu Yongxuan , Zhang Haorui , Nie Zheng , Zhang Lin , Zhu Huimin , zhang Feng , Li Xuri , Luo Fanyan , Zhang Hongjian , Shen Wei , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Pathological retinal neovascularization (RNV) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) was increased during RNV, and its ligand was elevated in the serum or vitreous body of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Deleting endothelial Epcr or using an EPCR neutralizing antibody ameliorated pathological retinal angiogenesis. EPCR promoted endothelial heme catabolism and carbon monoxide release through heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Inhibition of heme catabolism by deleting of endothelial Ho-1or using an HO-1 inhibitor suppressed pathological angiogenesis in retinopathy. Conversely, supplementation with CO rescued the angiogenic defects after endothelial Epcr or Ho-1 deletion. Our results identified EPCR-dependent endothelial heme catabolism as an important contributor to pathological angiogenesis, which may serve as a potential target for treating vasoproliferative retinopathy.