bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of the aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio index in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Liu Huidi , Zhao Fan , Yin Jun , Liu Taimin , Liu Bo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the clinical value and prognostic significance of the alanine aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) in patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsClinical indices of patients with AMI were collected from the Medical Information Mark for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III database and Wuhan Sixth Hospital. Cox regression analysis was used to explore whether ALRI was a risk factor for a worse prognosis in patients with AMI, and a nomogram including ALRI was created to estimate its predictive performance for 28‐day mortality.ResultsBased on clinical data from the MIMIC‐III database, we found that a high ALRI was closely associated with a variety of clinical parameters. It was an important risk factor for 28‐day survival in patients with AMI (HR = 5.816). ALRI had a high predictive power for worse 28‐day survival in patients with AMI (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.754). Additionally, we used clinical data from the Wuhan Sixth Hospital to verify the predictive power of ALRI in patients with AMI, and a high level of ALRI remained an independent risk factor for worse survival in patients with AMI (HR = 4.969). The AMI nomogram, including ALRI, displayed a good predictive performance for 28‐day mortality in both the MIMIC‐III (AUC = 0.826) and Wuhan Sixth Hospital cohorts (AUC = 0.795).ConclusionThe ALRI is closely related to the survival outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed AMI, indicating that it could serve as a novel biomarker for risk stratification such patients.
Label‐free imaging diagnosis and collagen‐optical evaluation of endometrioid adenocarcinoma with multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Liu Bin , Liu Yan , Liu Wenju , Luo Tianyi , Chen Wei , Lin Cuibo , Lin Ling , Zhuo Shuangmu , Sun Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe assessment of tumor grade and pathological stage plays a pivotal role in determining the treatment strategy and predicting the prognosis of endometrial cancer. In this study, we employed multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to establish distinctive optical pathological signatures specific to endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC), while also assessing the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MPM for this particular malignancy. The MPM technique exhibits robust capability in discriminating between benign hyperplasia and various grades of cancer tissue, with statistically significant differences observed in nucleocytoplasmic ratio and second harmonic generation/two‐photon excited fluorescence intensity. Moreover, by utilizing semi‐automated image analysis, we identified notable disparities in six collagen signatures between benign and malignant endometrial stroma. Our study demonstrates that MPM can differentiate between benign endometrial hyperplasia and EAC without labels, while also quantitatively assessing changes in the tumor microenvironment by analyzing collagen signatures in the endometrial stromal tissue.
Symmetric 2‐(36,15,6) $(36,15,6)$ designs with an automorphism of order two
Authors: Rukavina Sanja , Tonchev Vladimir D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBouyukliev, Fack and Winne classified all 2‐ designs that admit an automorphism of odd prime order, and gave a partial classification of such designs that admit an automorphism of order 2. In this paper, we give the classification of all symmetric 2‐ designs that admit an automorphism of order two. It is shown that there are exactly nonisomorphic such designs, of which are self‐dual designs. The ternary linear codes spanned by the incidence matrices of these designs are computed. Among these codes, there are near‐extremal self‐dual codes with previously unknown weight distributions.
The emerging role of mtDNA release in sepsis: Current evidence and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Hong Qianya , Zhu Shuainan , Yu Ying , Ren Yun , Jin Lin , Wang Huilin , Zhang Hao , Guo Kefang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction caused by infection, and severe sepsis can develop into septic shock, eventually leading to multiorgan dysfunction and even death. In recent years, studies have shown that mitochondrial damage is closely related to the occurrence and development of sepsis. Recent years have seen a surge in concern over mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as anomalies in this material can lead to cellular dysfunction, disruption of aerobic respiration, and even death of the cell. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the mechanisms of mitochondrial damage and the molecular mechanisms controlling mitochondrial mtDNA release. We also explored the connection between mtDNA misplacement and inflammatory activation. Additionally, we propose potential therapeutic targets of mtDNA for sepsis treatment.
Technology accountability groups: A novel form of technology learning and support for graduate students and faculty in STEM
Authors: Ives Feather , Kamalumpundi Vijayvardhan , Wanjalla Celestine , Benjamin Jazmine I. , Neikirk Kit , Perales Sulema , Kirabo Annet , Murray Debra D. , Cooper Anthonya , Williams Edith M. , Hinton Antentor , Murray Sandra A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn academia, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), writing accountability groups have emerged as an effective technique to enhance writing productivity by offering structure, increasing the commitment to write, and fostering social commitment. The rapid development of technology has introduced a new challenge across STEM fields: technostress, where individuals face heightened stress due to novel applications of technology. To address this, we introduce Technology Accountability Groups (TAGs), a novel form of community support for graduate students and faculty. TAGs are tailored to help individuals navigate technological innovations, alleviate technostress, acquire new skills, motivate, and connect with leaders in the field. This paper presents a framework for establishing, implementing, and sustaining TAGs in STEM.
Microglial activation induces nitric oxide signalling and alters protein S‐nitrosylation patterns in extracellular vesicles
Authors: Vassileff Natasha , Spiers Jereme G. , Bamford Sarah E. , Lowe Rohan G. T. , Datta Keshava K. , Pigram Paul J. , Hill Andrew F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeuroinflammation is an underlying feature of neurodegenerative conditions, often appearing early in the aetiology of a disease. Microglial activation, a prominent initiator of neuroinflammation, can be induced through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment resulting in expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO). NO post‐translationally modifies cysteine thiols through S‐nitrosylation, which can alter function of the target protein. Furthermore, packaging of these NO‐modified proteins into extracellular vesicles (EVs) allows for the exertion of NO signalling in distant locations, resulting in further propagation of the neuroinflammatory phenotype. Despite this, the NO‐modified proteome of activated microglial EVs has not been investigated. This study aimed to identify the protein post‐translational modifications NO signalling induces in neuroinflammation. EVs isolated from LPS‐treated microglia underwent mass spectral surface imaging using time of flight‐secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), in addition to iodolabelling and comparative proteomic analysis to identify post‐translation S‐nitrosylation modifications. ToF‐SIMS imaging successfully identified cysteine thiol side chains modified through NO signalling in the LPS treated microglial‐derived EV proteins. In addition, the iodolabelling proteomic analysis revealed that the EVs from LPS‐treated microglia carried S‐nitrosylated proteins indicative of neuroinflammation. These included known NO‐modified proteins and those associated with LPS‐induced microglial activation that may play an essential role in neuroinflammatory communication. Together, these results show activated microglia can exert broad NO signalling changes through the selective packaging of EVs during neuroinflammation.
Phase‐resolved Functional Lung (PREFUL) MRI May Reveal Distinct Pulmonary Perfusion Defects in Postacute COVID‐19 Syndrome: Sex, Hospitalization, and Dyspnea Heterogeneity
Authors: Ouyang Tao , Tang Yichen , Klimes Filip , Vogel‐Claussen Jens , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Yang Qi 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundPulmonary perfusion defects have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Currently, there is a need for further data on non‐contrast‐enhanced MRI in COVID patients. The early identification of heterogeneity in pulmonary perfusion defects among COVID‐19 patients is beneficial for their timely clinical intervention and management.PurposeTo investigate the utility of phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI in detecting pulmonary perfusion disturbances in individuals with postacute COVID‐19 syndrome (PACS).Study TypeProspective.SubjectsForty‐four participants (19 females, mean age 64.1 years) with PACS and 44 healthy subjects (19 females, mean age 59.5 years). Moreover, among the 44 patients, there were 19 inpatients and 25 outpatients; 19 were female and 25 were male; 18 with non‐dyspnea and 26 with dyspnea.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, two‐dimensional (2D) spoiled gradient‐echo sequence.AssessmentVentilation and perfusion‐weighted maps were extracted from five coronal slices using PREFUL analysis. Subsequently, perfusion defect percentage (QDP), ventilation defect percentage (VDP), and ventilation‐perfusion match healthy (VQM) were calculated based on segmented lung parenchyma ventilation and perfusion‐weighted maps. Additionally, clinical features, including demographic data (such as sex and age) and serum biomarkers (such as D‐dimer levels), were evaluated.Statistical TestsSpearman correlation coefficients to explore relationships between clinical features and QDP, VDP, and VQM. Propensity score matching analysis to reduce the confounding bias between patients with PACS and healthy controls. The Mann–Whitney U tests and Chi‐squared tests to detect differences between groups. Multivariable linear regression analyses to identify factors related to QDP, VDP, and VQM. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsQDP significantly exceeded that of healthy controls in individuals with PACS (39.8% ± 15.0% vs. 11.0% ± 4.9%) and was significantly higher in inpatients than in outpatients (46.8% ± 17.0% vs. 34.5% ± 10.8%). Moreover, males exhibited pulmonary perfusion defects significantly more frequently than females (43.9% ± 16.8% vs. 34.4% ± 10.2%), and dyspneic participants displayed significantly higher perfusion defects than non‐dyspneic patients (44.8% ± 15.8% vs. 32.6% ± 10.3%). QDP showed a significant positive relationship with age (β = 0.50) and D‐dimer level (β = 0.72).Data ConclusionPREFUL MRI may show pulmonary perfusion defects in patients with PACS. Furthermore, perfusion impairments may be more pronounced in males, inpatients, and dyspneic patients.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio is a novel predictor of fatal outcome for patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Wang Ye , Qin Ling‐Han , Zhang Ke , Zhang Da‐Wei , Wang Wei‐Jie , Xu A‐Man , Qi Ying‐Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is associated with a high death rate and lacks a targeted therapy plan. The ratio of blood urea nitrogen to albumin, known as BAR, is a valuable method for assessing the outlook of various infectious diseases. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of BAR in forecasting the outcome of individuals with SFTS. Four hundred and thirty‐seven patients with SFTS from two clinical centers were included in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical characteristics and test parameters of SFTS patients were analyzed between survival and fatal groups. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Cox regression suggested that BAR might serve as a standalone prognostic indicator for patients with SFTS in the initial phase (hazard ratio = 18.669, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.558–40.725, p < 0.001). And BAR had a better predictive effectiveness in clinical outcomes in patients with SFTS with an AUC of 0.832 (95% CI: 0.788–0.876, p < 0.001), a cutoff value of 0.19, a sensitivity of 0.812, and a specificity of 0.726 compared to C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio via receiver operating characteristic curve. KM (Kaplan Meier) curves demonstrated that high level of BAR was associated with poor survival condition in patients with SFTS. Furthermore, the high level of BAR was associated with long hospital stays and test paraments of kidney, liver, and coagulation function in survival patients. So, BAR could be used as a promising early warning biomarker of adverse outcomes in patients with SFTS.
Proteomic analysis of plasma in healthy adults receiving recombinant vaccinia virus provides novel insights into HIV‐1 neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Chen Ran , Fu Yuyu , Li Dan , Wang Shuhui , Ruan Yuhua , Ren Li , Wang Shuo , Shen Xiuli , Shi Yutao , Shao Yiming , Liu Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still a global public health issue, and the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine inducing potent neutralizing antibodies remains a significant challenge. This study aims to explore the inflammation‐related proteins associated with the neutralizing antibodies induced by the DNA/rTV vaccine. In this study, we employed the Olink chip to analyze the inflammation‐related proteins in plasma in healthy individuals receiving HIV candidate vaccine (DNA priming and recombinant vaccinia virus rTV boosting) and compared the differences between neutralizing antibody‐positive (nab + ) and –negative(nab‐) groups. We identified 25 differentially expressed factors and conducted enrichment and correlation analysis on them. Our results revealed that significant expression differences in artemin (ARTN) and C‐C motif chemokine ligand 23 (CCL23) between nab+ and –nab‐ groups. Notably, the expression of CCL23 was negatively corelated to the ID50 of neutralizing antibodies and the intensity of the CD4+ T cell responses. This study enriches our understanding of the immune picture induced by the DNA/rTV vaccine, and provides insights for future HIV vaccine development.
In‐hospital outcomes among amyloidosis patients with atrial fibrillation: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Yeo Yong‐Hao , San Boon‐Jian , Ang Qi‐Xuan , Tan Min‐Choon , Tan Jian Liang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with amyloidosis on in‐hospital outcomes is not well‐established. We aimed to examine in‐hospital outcomes among patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of AF with and without amyloidosis.Methods and ResultsWe queried the Nationwide Readmissions Database to compare the in‐hospital outcomes among AF patients with and without amyloidosis. Our study demonstrated that in‐hospital all‐cause mortality, adverse events, and 30‐day readmission were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionsPatients with AF and concurrent amyloidosis did not have worse in‐hospital outcomes than those with AF alone.
Automated Scoring of Figural Tests of Creativity with Computer Vision
Authors: Acar Selcuk , Organisciak Peter , Dumas Denis 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIn this three‐study investigation, we applied various approaches to score drawings created in response to both Form A and Form B of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking‐Figural (broadly TTCT‐F) as well as the Multi‐Trial Creative Ideation task (MTCI). We focused on TTCT‐F in Study 1, and utilizing a random forest classifier, we achieved 79% and 81% accuracy for drawings only (r = .57; .54), 80% and 85% for drawings and titles (r = .59; .65), and 78% and 85% for titles alone (r = .54; .65), across Form A and Form B, respectively. We trained a combined model for both TTCT‐F forms concurrently with fine‐tuned vision transformer models (i.e., BEiT) observing accuracy on images of 83% (r = .64). Study 2 extended these analyses to 11,075 drawings produced for MTCI. With the feature‐based regressors, we found a Pearson correlation with human labels (rs = .80, 78, and .76 for AdaBoost, and XGBoost, respectively). Finally, the vision transformer method demonstrated a correlation of r = .85. In Study 3, we re‐analyzed the TTCT‐F and MTCI data with unsupervised learning methods, which worked better for MTCI than TTCT‐F but still underperformed compared to supervised learning methods. Findings are discussed in terms of research and practical implications featuring Ocsai‐D, a new in‐browser scoring interface.
Yurok–wildlife relationship through the context of Traditional Ecological Knowledge
Authors: Ramos Seafha C. , Williams‐Claussen Tiana , Gray Celina Natoyiipoka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVarious aspects of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) continue to be integrated in the wildlife conservation and management discourse; however, there may be challenges in cross‐cultural understanding of the complex social‐ecological systems that make up the fabric of TEK. In a 2‐phased approach, we implemented research to better understand an Indigenous perspective of human–wildlife relationship. In phase 1, we conducted 16 semi‐structured interviews with Yurok and Yurok‐affiliated people about the relationship of Yurok people with wildlife and Yurok community hunting values. In phase 2, we conducted a secondary analysis of a subset of 10 interviews from phase 1. Permissions were obtained from the Yurok Tribe, under the project's previously established Institutional Review Board process, to access archived interview data for subsequent research relevant to the original research goals. We identified the following themes: Yurok conceptualizations of wildlife, cultural understanding of animals as people, animal harvesting protocols, cultural guidelines that maintain wildlife populations, and consequences for not following cultural guidelines as related to hunting. We explored how the terms wildlife and wildlife management are difficult to interpret within the context of Yurok TEK, as wildlife, in the same meaning as Western wildlife management, does not exist in the Yurok cultural paradigm. A fundamental, multifaceted aspect of the Yurok–wildlife relationship through a TEK context is the concept of animals as people, which we discuss in relation to Yurok spirituality. As Indigenous Knowledge continues to be recognized in scientific discourse, there may be opportunities to reconceptualize, Indigenize, and shift approaches to research, wildlife and wildlife habitat management, and conservation. Results of our study may support Yurok Tribe wildlife managers, Western‐trained biologists, and others in their considerations of Indigenous Knowledge in wildlife management and conservation.
Comparison of chemical mechanisms for the oxidation of hydrogen/ammonia mixtures based on different evaluation methods
Authors: Yuan Jian , Yang Jianfei , Deng Jun , Li Liguang , Cai Liming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor net‐zero carbon emissions, hydrogen/ammonia blends have drawn considerable attention for the application in industrial combustion devices. Various chemical mechanisms have been developed to describe the oxidation and combustion of hydrogen/ammonia mixtures at certain conditions. A comprehensive evaluation and comparison of the performance of these mechanisms is thus of high interest, especially in terms of their application for particular computational studies. Thus, this work aims to compare the existing chemical mechanisms in terms of their performance for the combustion of hydrogen/ammonia mixtures over a wide range of experimental conditions. In addition to previous literature studies, the model performance is evaluated by using two different methods for the assessment of prediction accuracy. Besides the conventional measure of point‐wise differences between model and data, the curve‐matching method is also applied, which quantifies the dependence of model response on physical conditions additionally, by comparing the similarity between the curve shapes of the predicted and measured results. Extensive experimental data are taken into account in the model evaluation, including 136 datasets obtained from various facilities in the past 10 years. Nineteen mechanisms are compared, which were published in recent five years. It is revealed that these models give strongly different numerical results for combustion targets, such as laminar burning velocities, ignition delay times, and species concentrations. The chemical mechanisms of Zhang et al. (2021), Han et al. (2023), Mei et al. (2019), Li et al. (2019), and Stagni et al. (2020) show relatively satisfactory performance over the entire investigated domain. Moreover, it is found that the estimated prediction accuracy of chemical mechanisms is highly sensitive to model evaluation methods.
Vertical dynamics of soil organic carbon across Shaanxi Province, China from 1980s to 2010s
Authors: Tang Yuanyuan , Yang Yuchun , Shen Yanyan , Liao Bingzhen , Qi Yanbing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) has been paid great emphasis for its linkage to the nutrient cycling as well as the global climate changes. Despite the extensive changes in land use, climate, and field management practices that have profoundly affected SOC in Shaanxi Province, few studies have investigated the vertical dynamics of SOC across different soil depths. In this paper, we investigated vertical (0–100 cm with 20 cm intervals) changes of SOC based on soil surveys conducted in 1980s and 2010s in Shaanxi Province as well as three subregions (LP, GP, and QM) by using Geographic Regression Weighted Kriging (GRWK) method. The results indicated that the first four soil layers received 0.87, 0.79, 0.48, and 0.34 g/kg SOC increments, respectively, while SOC decreased by 0.49 g/kg in 80–100 cm. Spatially, most of study area received slight SOC increment (0–2 g/kg) among all soil layers, significant (>4 g/kg) SOC increments were distributed in the junction area of three subregions, while significant (<−4 g/kg) SOC decrement area was occurred in the western QM. SOC was increased in first four soil layers and decreased in 80–100 cm in LP relating to the implement of revegetation program that many cultivated land changed into grassland and forestland. SOC was increased in first two layers and decreased in last three layers in GP relating to the intensive agricultural activities, and it was decreased in the top layers and increased in sublayers in QM due to decreasing trend of NDVI in the western QM. Even several anthropogenic and environmental variables were highly related to SOC dynamics in Shaanxi, human activities were significantly controlled SOC changes than the natural factors.