bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with use of wildlife underpasses and importance of long‐term monitoring
Authors: Gagnon Jeffrey W. , Dodd Norris L. , Ogren Kari S. , Schweinsburg Raymond E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe evaluated use of 6 wildlife underpasses (UP) using video camera surveillance along State Route 260 in Arizona, USA. We documented wildlife use and compared successful UP crossings by various species and among UP. From 2002 to 2008, we recorded visits by 15,134 animals of 21 species (16 wildlife, 5 domestic) resulting in 72.4% crossing through UP. Elk (Cervus elaphus) accounted for 68% of recorded animals, white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus) accounted for 13% and 6%, respectively. As elk and white‐tailed deer were the only species adequately represented across all UP, we used logistic regression to further evaluate factors associated with successful use of UP. To evaluate habituation over time we limited this analysis to 5 UP monitored for ≥4 yr. For elk, structural attributes and placement, season, time of day, and months monitored were associated with successful elk UP crossing in year 1, however, by year 4 only structural attributes and placement were significant, suggesting that UP structure and placement likely were of primary importance for successful elk passage. By year 4, probabilities of crossing at 4 of 5 UP converged on >0.70, indicating that given sufficient time to allow habituation, most UP we evaluated appeared to be effective for elk, regardless of structural attributes or placement. For deer, only structural attribute and placement were significant, and aside from one structure did not increase in probability of a successful crossing over time. The overall number of animals and species that crossed SR 260 via UP underscores efficacy of UP in promoting multi‐species permeability. Long‐term monitoring allows wildlife and highway managers to evaluate adaptation to wildlife crossing structures by different species. Results from this study add to our knowledge of mitigating the impact of highways on wildlife. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Biological and socio‐economic effects of statewide limitation of deer licenses in Colorado
Authors: Bergman Eric J. , Watkins Bruce E. , Bishop Chad J. , Lukacs Paul M. , Lloyd Mary 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe evaluated the biological and socio‐economic effects of statewide limitation of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) hunting licenses, which began in Colorado in 1999. We implemented a before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) analysis of annual helicopter sex and age class surveys, collected as part of the Colorado Division of Wildlife's routine monitoring, to assess changes in adult male/adult female ratios and fawn/adult female ratios in response to this change in harvest management. Following statewide limitation and reduction of license sales (1999–2006), we observed increases in adult male/adult female ratios of 7.39 (SE = 2.36) to 15.23 (SE = 1.22) adult males per 100 adult females in moderately limited areas and of 17.55 (SE = 3.27) to 21.86 (SE = 2.31) adult males per 100 adult females in highly limited areas. We simultaneously observed reductions in fawn/adult female ratios in newly limited areas by as much as 6.96 (SE = 2.19) fawns per 100 females, whereas in areas that had previously been limited we observed stabilization of fawn/adult female ratios at levels lower than levels observed under the unlimited harvest management structure. An immediate decline of $7.86 million in annual revenue stemmed from the change in harvest management, but revenue subsequently rebounded. This study provides preliminary evidence of potential effects that other state and provincial wildlife management agencies may face as they consider shifting mule deer harvest management towards limited license scenarios. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Reaction of a low‐molecular‐weight free radical with a flexible polymer chain: Kinetic studies on the OH + poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) model
Authors: Bartoszek Nina , Ulański Piotr , Rosiak Janusz M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis work addresses the issue of kinetics of diffusion‐controlled reactions of small radicals with macromolecules in solution. Attack of pulse‐generated hydroxyl radicals on poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)—PVP—chains of various molecular weight in water was used as the model reaction. Pulse radiolysis with spectrophotometric detection was applied to determine the rate constants by competition kinetics. The rate constant depends both on polymer concentration and on its molecular weight. In dilute solutions, a distinct dependence of the rate constant on the molecular weight is observed. In the studied range of molecular weight, the values of reaction radius, calculated using Smoluchowski equation on the basis of experimental kinetic data, are very close to the radius of gyration of polymer coils. We believe that radius of gyration, as an easily determined parameter, could possibly serve for predicting rate constants of diffusion‐controlled reactions of polymers with low‐molecular‐weight compounds in dilute solutions. With increasing polymer concentration and thus increasing spatial overlap of polymer coils the dependence of the rate constant on the molecular weight fades away, and the rate constant values increase with increasing concentration toward the value determined for low‐molecular‐weight model of PVP. Most steep increase approximately coincides with the hydrodynamic critical concentration of a given PVP sample, reflecting the change in reaction geometry from individual coils to a continuous matrix of interpenetrating chains. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 474–481, 2011
Singularities of Brill‐Noether loci for vector bundles on a curve
Authors: Casalaina‐Martin Sebastian , Bigas Montserrat Teixidor i 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper we consider the singularities of the varieties parameterizing stable vector bundles of fixed rank and degree with sections on a smooth curve of genus at least two. In particular, we extend results of Y. Laszlo, and of the second author, regarding the singularities of generalized theta divisors. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Maternal folate supply and sex influence gene‐specific DNA methylation in the fetal gut
Authors: McKay Jill A. , Wong Yi K. , Relton Caroline L. , Ford Dianne , Mathers John C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractScope: Epidemiological evidence supports the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis that developmental under/over‐nutrition increases adulthood disease risk. Epigenetic markings are one potential mechanism mediating these effects. Altered folate supply may influence methyl group availability for DNA methylation. We reported low folate supply in utero was associated with reduced global DNA methylation in the murine small intestine of adult offspring. We hypothesised that aberrant methylation would be observed during early development.Methods and results: Female C57BL/6J mice were fed diets containing 2 mg folic acid/kg or 0.4 mg folic acid/kg 4 wk before mating and during pregnancy. At 17.5 day gestation, gene methylation in fetal gut was analysed by Pyrosequencing®. Low folate reduced overall methylation of Slc394a by 3.4% (p=0.038) but did not affect Esr1 or Igf2 differentially methylated region (DMR) 1. There were sex‐specific differences in Slc394a and Esr1 methylation (2.4% higher in females (p=0.002); 4% higher in males (p=0.0014), respectively).Conclusion: This is the first study reporting causal effects of maternal folate depletion on gene‐specific methylation in fetal gut. These observations support reports that altered methyl donor intake during development affects DNA methylation in the offspring. The consequences of epigenetic changes for health throughout the life course remain to be investigated.
A double‐Fourier approach to enhance the efficiency of the indirect domain sampling in 2D NMR
Authors: Chandrashekar Srinivasan , Shrot Yoav , Frydman Lucio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe relatively long times that may be involved in high‐resolution two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) have stimulated the search for alternative schemes to collect these data. Particularly onerous situations arise when both high‐resolution and large spectral widths are sought along the indirect domain. Strategies proposed for dealing with such cases include folding‐over procedures, Hadamard encoding, and nonlinear data sampling. This communication discusses an alternative strategy, which exploits a partial prior knowledge regarding the position of the NMR resonances along the indirect domain together with customized excitations for every particular t1 increment, to achieve an optimal sampling in terms of resolution and bandwidth. On the basis of such optimized encoding of the indirect‐domain evolution, which can easily be coped with by modern spectrometers, it becomes possible to maximize the resolution of fine structures without compromising on the spectral bandwidths. The processing of the resulting data along the indirect domain is based on the use of two serially applied discrete Fourier transforms; one to distinguish the main bands in the spectrum and the other to resolve the latter's fine features. A number of simple heteronuclear correlation experiments illustrating the significant acquisition time savings and simultaneous improvements in resolution that can be achieved with the resulting double‐Fourier encoding procedure are illustrated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation of a sodium salified anthraquinone from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia by NMR technique assisted with acid–alkali titration
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Rufeng , Liu Bin , Tu Guangzhong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new sodium salt of anthraquinone named sodium emodin‐1‐O‐β‐gentiobioside, together with nine known compounds, viz. rubrofusarin‐6‐O‐β‐D‐gentiobioside, chrysophanol‐1‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1–3)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1–6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, obtusifolin‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, aurantio‐obtusin‐6‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, physcion‐8‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 1‐hydroxyl‐2‐acetyl‐3,8‐dimethoxy‐6‐O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1–2)‐β‐D‐glucosylnaphthalene, toralactone‐9‐O‐β‐D‐gentiobioside, aurantio‐obtusin, rubrofusarin‐6‐O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1–6)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, was isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and its structure was elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR technique assisted with acid–alkali titration. The change of chemical shifts of sodium emodin‐1‐O‐β‐gentiobioside before and after acid–alkali titration was also characterized. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete assignment of NMR data of 22 phenyl‐1H‐pyrazoles' derivatives
Authors: de Oliveira Aline Lima , Alves de Oliveira Carlos Henrique , Mairink Laura Maia , Pazini Francine , Menegatti Ricardo , Lião Luciano Morais 
Published: July 2011

AbstractComplete assignment of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts and J(1H/1H and 1H/19F) coupling constants for 22 1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazoles' derivates were performed using the concerted application of 1H 1D and 1H, 13C 2D gs‐HSQC and gs‐HMBC experiments. All 1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazoles' derivatives were synthesized as described by Finar and co‐workers. The formylated 1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazoles' derivatives were performed under Duff's conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interobserver agreement of medical research council sum‐score and handgrip strength in the intensive care unit
Authors: Hermans Greet , Clerckx Beatrickx , Vanhullebusch Tine , Segers Johan , Vanpee Goele , Robbeets Christophe , Casaer Michael Paul , Wouters Pieter , Gosselink Rik , Van Den Berghe Greet 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Muscle weakness often complicates critical illness and is associated with devastating short‐ and long‐term consequences. For interventional studies, reliable measurements of muscle force in the intensive care unit (ICU) are needed. Methods: To examine interobserver agreement, two observers independently measured Medical Research Council (MRC) sum‐score (n = 75) and handgrip strength (n = 46) in a cross‐sectional ICU sample. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for MRC sum‐score was 0.95 (0.92–0.97). The kappa coefficient for identifying “significant weakness” (MRC sum‐score <48, MRC subtotal upper limbs <24) and “severe weakness” (MRC sum‐score <36) was 0.68 ± 0.09, 0.88 ± 0.07, and 0.93 ± 0.07, respectively. The ICC for left and right handgrip strength was 0.97 (0.94–0.98) and 0.93 (0.86–0.97), respectively. Conclusions: Interobserver agreement on MRC sum‐score and handgrip strength in the ICU was very good. Agreement on “severe weakness” (MRC sum‐score <36) was excellent and supports its use in interventional studies. Agreement on “significant weakness” (MRC sum‐score <48) was good, but even better using the equivalent cut‐off in the upper limbs. It remains to be determined whether this may serve as a substitute. Muscle Nerve 45: 18–25, 2012
Magnetic resonance imaging of peripheral nerves: Differences in magnetization transfer
Authors: Gambarota Giulio , Krueger Gunnar , Theumann Nicolas , Mekle Ralf 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent imaging modality for soft tissues. Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging is an MRI technique that is sensitive to the bound protons of macromolecules and therefore can aid in the assessment of nerve damage.Methods: Measurements of the MT ratio (MTR), which provides an index of the MT effects in tissues, were performed in the wrist and foot of 5 volunteers.Results: The MTR of foot (interdigital) nerves (22.2 ± 2.1%) was smaller than that of the median nerve (41.1 ± 1.4%). No difference was observed between MTR in muscles adjacent to foot nerves (46.0 ± 1.5%) and muscles adjacent to the median nerve (44.2 ± 1.9%).Conclusions: In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the MTR of foot nerves. The difference of MTR between median and foot nerves indicates a difference in structure/composition. The MTR of peripheral nerves may serve as a biomarker of nerve damage, collagen integrity, and demyelination. Muscle Nerve 45: 13–17, 2012
Downlink fairness‐aware adaptive resource allocation approach for LTE networks
Authors: Ali‐Yahiya Tara , Alagha Khaldoun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article addresses downlink resource allocation strategies in LTE release 8, using orthogonal frequency division access (OFDMA). We consider 3GPP long‐term evolution resource allocation strategies for allocating higher‐layer data to the basic resource allocation units (slots) of OFDMA frames. Then, we introduce two simple allocation methods: adaptive slot allocation and reservation‐based slot allocation. Both approaches consider a fair resource allocation among different types of service data flow (SDF) by considering their quality of service (QoS) characteristics and their channel qualities. The ultimate objective of the proposed approaches is to maximize the capacity of the system subject to the QoS constraints for each type of SDF in terms of data rate and bit error rate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ lineage tracking of human prostatic epithelial stem cell fate reveals a common clonal origin for basal and luminal cells
Authors: Blackwood John K , Williamson Stuart C , Greaves Laura C , Wilson Laura , Rigas Anastasia C , Sandher Raveen , Pickard Robert S , Robson Craig N , Turnbull Douglass M , Taylor Robert W , Heer Rakesh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractStem cells accumulate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations resulting in an observable respiratory chain defect in their progeny, allowing the mapping of stem cell fate. There is considerable uncertainty in prostate epithelial biology where both basal and luminal stem cells have been described, and in this study the clonal relationships within the human prostate epithelial cell layers were explored by tracing stem cell fate. Fresh‐frozen and formalin‐fixed histologically‐benign prostate samples from 35 patients were studied using sequential cytochrome c oxidase (COX)/succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme histochemistry and COX subunit I immunofluorescence to identify areas of respiratory chain deficiency; mtDNA mutations were identified by whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of laser‐captured areas. We demonstrated that cells with respiratory chain defects due to somatic mtDNA point mutations were present in prostate epithelia and clonally expand in acini. Lineage tracing revealed distinct patterning of stem cell fate with mtDNA mutations spreading throughout the whole acinus or, more commonly, present as mosaic acinar defects. This suggests that individual acini are typically generated from multiple stem cells, and the presence of whole COX‐deficient acini suggests that a single stem cell can also generate an entire branching acinar subunit of the gland. Significantly, a common clonal origin for basal, luminal and neuroendocrine cells is demonstrated, helping to resolve a key area of debate in human prostate stem cell biology. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of the oncostatin M receptor in cervical squamous cell carcinoma cells is associated with a pro‐angiogenic phenotype and increased cell motility and invasiveness
Authors: Winder David M , Chattopadhyay Anasuya , Muralidhar Balaji , Bauer Julien , English William R , Zhang Xiao , Karagavriilidou Konstantina , Roberts Ian , Pett Mark R , Murphy Gillian , Coleman Nicholas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOncostatin M receptor (OSMR) shows frequent copy number gain and overexpression in advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We used cell‐based in vitro assays, RNA interference, and integrative gene expression profiling to investigate the functional significance of this observation. CaSki and SW756 were selected as representative cervical SCC cells that overexpressed OSMR, and ME180 and MS751 as cells that did not. The STAT‐dependent pro‐angiogenic factors VEGF‐A and ID1 were rapidly induced by OSM in CaSki/SW756 but not in ME180/MS751. However, rapid induction did occur in MS751 following forced OSMR overexpression, while depleting OSMR in CaSki abrogated VEGF‐A expression. Conditioned medium from both CaSki and SW756 stimulated endothelial tube formation in vitro, effects that were inhibited by depleting OSMR in the SCC cells. For both CaSki and SW756, migration in a wound healing assay and invasion through Matrigel were stimulated by OSM and consistently inhibited by OSMR depletion. The phenotype was rescued by transfection with OSMR containing a silent mutation that provided specific siRNA resistance. Overall, there was a positive correlation between OSMR levels and invasiveness. We used gene expression profiling to identify genes induced by OSM in CaSki/SW756 but not in ME180/MS751. The most prominent gene ontology category groups for the differentially expressed genes were cell motility/invasion, angiogenesis, signal transduction, and apoptosis. We also profiled 23 cervical SCC samples, identifying genes that were differentially expressed in cases with OSMR overexpression versus those without. Integration of the datasets identified 15 genes that showed consistent differential expression in association with OSMR levels in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that OSMR overexpression in cervical SCC cells provides increased sensitivity to OSM, which induces pro‐malignant changes. OSMR is a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in cervical SCC. The genes that mediate OSM:OSMR effects will be valuable indicators of the effectiveness of antibody blockade in pre‐clinical systems. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Natural Pyrethrins by Liquid Chromatography‐Electron Ionisation‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Cappiello Achille , Tirillini Bruno , Famiglini Giorgio , Trufelli Helga , Termopoli Veronica , Flender Cornelia 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionPyrethrum extract is a mixture of six insecticidal compounds from the flower heads of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium L.. Since they only have low to moderate mammalian toxicity they can be used as natural insecticides in agriculture or to develop low cost and safe dermatological formulations. Because of the thermal instability of pyrethrins, analytical methods based on liquid chromatography (LC) are preferred over those based on gas chromatography (GC). A few applications using LC with mass spectrometry detection are presented in the literature. Current protocols for their characterisation by LC rely on the use of less sophisticated detectors such as UV detection.ObjectiveTo develop the first liquid chromatography‐electron ionisation‐mass spectrometry (LC‐EI‐MS) method for pyrethrins detection and quantitation in pyrethrum extracts.MethodologyA commercial pyrethrum extract and various samples of flower heads from C. cinerariaefolium L. were investigated using reversed‐phase nano‐liquid chromatography coupled to direct electron ionisation‐mass spectrometry (nanoLC‐direct EI‐MS). The eluted compounds were identified through searches of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library, exploiting the direct EI capability to produce high quality EI mass spectra.ResultsThe method demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) range: 0.04–0.38 mg/g), linearity (R2 range: 0.9740–0.9983) and precision (RSD% range: 4–13%) for the quantitation of the natural pyrethrins in extracts from C. cinerariaefolium L.ConclusionThe nanoLC‐direct EI‐MS technique can be a useful tool for the detection of pyrethrins. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Undoing Descartes: integrating diabetes care for those with mental illness
Authors: Holt RIG 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDiabetes UK has supported the concept of integrated diabetes care to ensure that the person with diabetes is seen by the right professional at the right time in the right place. At a time when diabetes teams are threatened by changes in the NHS, the division between mental and physical health services makes those with mental illness particularly vulnerable.The association between diabetes and mental illness has been recognised for over 350 years. The prevalence of diabetes in people with depression and severe mental illness (schizophrenia and bipolar illness) is increased two‐ to three‐fold. Furthermore, the proportion of people with undiagnosed diabetes is considerably higher than in the general population. The risk of complications and diabetes related mortality is higher in those with co‐morbid mental illness.Currently, diabetes services for people with severe mental illness lag behind those for people without mental illness; patients are less likely to be examined for eye or foot complications, less likely to be screened for glycated haemoglobin or cholesterol, and less likely to receive education.Integration of care between mental and physical health services, whether in primary or secondary care, is essential if this health inequality is to be overcome. Perhaps only then can we bring body, mind and soul back together. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.This paper was presented as the 2011 Mary MacKinnon lecture at the 2011 Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference held in London