bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dose and Period of Neonatal Alcohol Exposure on the Context Preexposure Facilitation Effect
Authors: Murawski Nathen J. , Stanton Mark E. 
Published: February 2011

Background:  Alcohol exposure in the rat on postnatal days (PD) 4 to 9 is known to partially damage the hippocampus and to impair hippocampus‐dependent behavioral tasks. We previously reported that PD4 to 9 alcohol exposure eliminated the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) in juvenile rats, a hippocampus‐dependent variant of contextual fear conditioning. In the CPFE, context exposure and immediate shock occur on successive occasions and this produces conditioned freezing relative to a control group that is not preexposed to the training context. Here, we extend our earlier findings by examining the effects of neonatal alcohol administered at multiple doses or over different neonatal exposure periods.Method:  Rat pups (male and female) were exposed to a single binge dose of alcohol at one of 3 doses (2.75, 4.00, or 5.25 g/kg/d) over PD4 to 9 (Experiment 1) or to 5.25 g over PD4 to 6 or PD7 to 9 (Experiment 2). Sham‐intubated (SI) and undisturbed (UD) rats served as controls. On PD31, rats were preexposed to either the training context (Pre) or an alternate context (No‐Pre). On PD32, rats received an immediate unsignaled footshock (1.5 mA, 2 seconds) in the training context. Finally, on PD33, all rats were returned to the training context and tested for contextual freezing over a 5‐minute period.Results:  Undisturbed‐ and SI‐Pre rats showed the CPFE, i.e., context preexposure facilitated contextual conditioning, relative to their No‐Pre counterparts. The immediate shock deficit was present in all No‐Pre groups, regardless of previous alcohol exposure. In Experiment 1, blood alcohol level was negatively correlated with contextual freezing. Group 2.75 g‐Pre did not differ from controls. Group 4.00 g‐Pre froze significantly less than Groups UD‐ and SI‐Pre but more than Group 5.25‐Pre, which showed the immediate shock deficit. In Experiment 2, alcohol exposure limited to PD7 to 9, but not PD4 to 6, disrupted the CPFE.Conclusions:  This is the first demonstration of dose‐related impairment on a hippocampus‐dependent task produced by neonatal alcohol exposure in the rat. Exposure period effects support previous studies of alcohol and spatial learning. The CPFE is a more sensitive behavioral task that can be used to elucidate developmental alcohol‐induced deficits over a range of alcohol doses that are more relevant to human exposure levels.
Long‐Term Mortality of Patients Admitted to the Hospital With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Campos Joaquin , Roca Lorena , Gude Francisco , Gonzalez‐Quintela Arturo 
Published: February 2011

Background:  Although it is well known that alcoholism increases long‐term mortality, there is a paucity of data regarding long‐term prognosis in alcoholic patients who have an episode of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).Methods:  We studied a cohort of 1,265 individuals with severe AWS who were admitted to a single university hospital between 1996 and 2006. Median age was 49 years (range 18 to 89 years). A total of 1,085 (85.8%) were men. Median follow‐up was 34 months (range 0 to 121 months). Survival of patients with AWS was compared with that of a reference cohort of 1,362 individuals from the same area. In addition, age‐ and sex‐standardized mortality ratios were calculated using the general population from the region (Galicia, Spain) as the reference.Results:  The risk of mortality was higher in the cohort of patients with AWS than in the reference cohort after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking (hazard ratio 12.7; 95% CI 9.1 to 17.6; p < 0.001). The standardized mortality ratio in patients with AWS was 8.6 (95% CI 7.7 to 9.7). Age, smoking, serum creatinine, serum bilirubin, and prothrombin time at baseline were independently associated with mortality among patients with AWS.Conclusions:  Long‐term mortality is highly increased in patients who have a history of AWS. Liver and kidney dysfunction are independent predictors of long‐term mortality in patients with AWS.
Effect of Two Different FDA‐approved D‐dimer Assays on Resource Utilization in the Emergency Department
Authors: Sanchez Leon D. , McGillicuddy Daniel C. , Volz Kathryn A. , Fan Shu‐Ling , Joyce Nina , Horowitz Gary L. 
Published: February 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:317–321 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractBackground:  The D‐dimer assay has been shown to be an appropriate test to rule out pulmonary embolism (PE) in low‐risk patients in the emergency department (ED). Multiple assays now are approved to measure D‐dimer levels. Studies have shown a newer assay, Tina‐quant, to have similar diagnostic accuracy to the VIDAS assay.Objectives:  The objective was to determine effects of transitioning from the VIDAS assay to the Tina‐quant D‐dimer assay on the need for computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and ED length of stay (LOS) in patients being evaluated for PE in the ED.Methods:  A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who had D‐dimer levels ordered at an urban, academic, Level I trauma center with over 55,000 annual ED visits. The results of D‐dimer levels in the ED were recorded over a period of 6 months prior to and 6 months after the transition to the new D‐dimer assay. The numbers of positive and negative D‐dimers and need for subsequent CTAs were recorded for comparison. LOS was also recorded to determine time saved. Medians were calculated and compared using Wilcoxon rank sum.Results:  During the initial period, 875 D‐dimers were ordered, with a positive rate of 41.5%. During the period after the introduction of the Tina‐quant assay, 859 tests were ordered, with 25.5% having positive results. An absolute decrease of 16% in the number of necessary CTAs (p < 0.003) was seen after the transition to the Tina‐quant assay. LOS data showed a mean LOS of 481 minutes in the ED for patients who underwent testing with the Tina‐quant assay compared to 526 minutes with the VIDAS assay, saving an average of 45 minutes per patient (p < 0.003). The positive rate on performed imaging studies for D‐dimer of > 500 rose from 13 of 308 (4.2%) to 17 of 187 (9.1%).Conclusions:  Switching D‐dimer assays reduced both LOS and number of imaging studies in our patient population.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:1–5 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Preliminary Investigation of the Panic Screening Score for Emergency Department Patients With Unexplained Chest Pain
Authors: Foldes‐Busque Guillaume , Fleet Richard , Poitras Julien , Chauny Jean‐Marc , Belleville Geneviève , Denis Isabelle , Diodati Jean G. , Pelland Marie‐Ève , Lessard Marie‐Josée , Marchand André 
Published: February 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:322–325 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The objective was to demonstrate the derivation and the preliminary validation of a brief screening score to improve recognition of panic‐like anxiety in emergency department (ED) patients with unexplained chest pain.Methods:  This cross‐sectional study included 507 ED patients with unexplained chest pain randomly assigned to the derivation condition (n = 201) or the validation condition (n = 306). The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM‐IV (ADIS‐IV) acted as the criterion standard for panic diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine which of the sociodemographic, medical, and questionnaire response variables best predicted the presence of panic‐like anxiety in the derivation condition. The selected predictors were entered in a logistic regression analysis to determine variables to be included in the screening score. The predictive validity of the resulting score was evaluated in both conditions.Results:  The four‐item Panic Screening Score (PSS) identified panic‐like anxiety with a sensitivity of 63% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 52% to 73%) and a specificity of 84% (95% CI = 76% to 90%) in the derivation phase. The positive predictive value was 74% (95% CI = 62% to 93%) and the negative predictive value was 76% (95% CI = 68% to 89%). In the validation phase, the sensitivity and specificity were 53% (95% CI = 44% to 62%) and 85% (95% CI = 78% to 89%), respectively. The positive predictive value was 72% (95% CI = 62% to 80%) and the negative predictive value was 71% (95% CI = 65% to 77%).Conclusions:  The PSS may be useful to identify patients with unexplained chest pain who could benefit from referral to mental health professionals or their primary care providers for evaluation of panic attack and panic disorder. Prospective studies to improve and validate the PSS, followed by impact analysis, are mandatory before clinical implementation.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:1–4 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
The Biology of Emergency Medicine: What Have 30 Years Meant for Rosen’s Original Concepts?
Authors: Zink Brian J. 
Published: February 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:301–304 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractIn 1979 Peter Rosen, MD, a leading academic figure in the developing field of emergency medicine (EM), wrote an article, “The Biology of Emergency Medicine,” in response to criticism from other specialties and medical leaders that there was no unique biology of EM that would qualify it as a legitimate medical specialty. This essay received much attention at the time and served as rallying cry for emergency physicians (EPs) who were trying to find their places in the house of medicine and especially in medical schools and academic teaching hospitals. Thirty years later, the opposition that prompted many of Rosen’s strongly worded impressions and observations on the biology of EM, clinical emergency department (ED) practice, education, and research has largely faded. Many of Rosen’s predictions on the eventual success of EM have come true. However, core issues that existed then continue to present challenges for academic EM and clinical emergency practice.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:1–4 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Functional analysis of microRNAs in human hepatocellular cancer stem cells
Authors: Meng Fanyin , Glaser Shannon S. , Francis Heather , DeMorrow Sharon , Han Yuyan , Passarini Jenna D. , Stokes Allison , Cleary John P. , Liu Xiuping , Venter Julie , Kumar Preetham , Priester Sally , Hubble Levi , Staloch Dustin , Sharma Jay , Liu Chang‐Gong , Alpini Gianfranco 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMicroRNAs are endogenous small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and cancer development. A rare population of hepatocellular cancer stem cells (HSCs) holds the extensive proliferative and self‐renewal potential necessary to form a liver tumour. We postulated that specific transcriptional factors might regulate the expression of microRNAs and subsequently modulate the expression of gene products involved in phenotypic characteristics of HSCs. We evaluated the expression of microRNA in human HSCs by microarray profiling, and defined the target genes and functional effects of two groups of microRNA regulated by IL‐6 and transcriptional factor Twist. A subset of highly chemoresistant and invasive HSCs was screened with aberrant expressions of cytokine IL‐6 and Twist. We demonstrated that conserved let‐7 and miR‐181 family members were up‐regulated in HSCs by global microarray‐based microRNA profiling followed by validation with real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Importantly, inhibition of let‐7 increases the chemosensitivity of HSCs to sorafenib and doxorubicin whereas silencing of miR‐181 led to a reduction in HSCs motility and invasion. Knocking down IL‐6 and Twist in HSCs significantly reduced let‐7 and miR‐181 expression and subsequently inhibited chemoresistance and cell invasion. We showed that let‐7 directly targets SOCS‐1 and caspase‐3, whereas miR‐181 directly targets RASSF1A, TIMP3 as well as nemo‐like kinase (NLK). In conclusion, alterations of IL‐6‐ and Twist‐regulated microRNA expression in HSCs play a part in tumour spreading and responsiveness to chemotherapy. Our results define a novel regulatory mechanism of let‐7/miR‐181s suggesting that let‐7 and miR‐181 may be molecular targets for eradication of hepatocellular malignancies.
Prostate cancer‐derived angiogenin stimulates the invasion of prostate fibroblasts
Authors: Jones Michelle L. , Ewing Charles M. , Isaacsa William B. , Getzenberg Robert H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProstate fibroblasts promote prostate cancer progression by secreting factors that enhance tumour growth and induce the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Considering the role of fibroblasts in cancer progression, we hypothesized that prostate cancer cells recruit these cells to their vicinity, where they are most directly available to influence cancer cell behaviour. To test this hypothesis, we performed modified Boyden chamber assays assessing the migration and collagen I invasion of normal primary prostate fibroblasts (PrSCs) and prostate cancer‐associated fibroblasts (PCAFs) in response to media conditioned by the metastatic prostate cancer cell lines PC‐3, LNCaP and DU145. During 4‐hr incubations, PrSCs and PCAFs migrated and invaded in response to the conditioned media. To identify candidate proteins in the conditioned media that produced these effects, we performed cytokine antibody arrays and detected angiogenin in all three media. Angiogenin‐blocked PC‐3‐conditioned medium, obtained using an anti‐angiogenin polyclonal antibody or angiogenin siRNA, significantly reduced PC‐3‐induced PrSC and PCAF collagen I invasion. Furthermore, angiogenin alone at 1, 2 and 5 ng/ml significantly stimulated PCAF collagen I invasion. These results suggest that PC‐3‐derived angiogenin stimulates the invasion of normal prostate fibroblasts and PCAFs and is sufficient for invasion of the latter. Because prostate fibroblasts play key roles in prostate cancer progression, targeting their invasion using an anti‐angiogenin‐based therapy may be a strategy for preventing or treating advanced prostate cancer.
Multifaceted role of nitric oxide in an in vitro mouse neuronal injury model: transcriptomic profiling defines the temporal recruitment of death signalling cascades
Authors: Peng Zhao Feng , Chen Minghui Jessica , Manikandan Jayapal , Melendez Alirio J. , Shui Guanghou , Russo‐Marie Françoise , Whiteman Matthew , Beart Philip M. , Moore Philip K. , Cheung Nam Sang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNitric oxide is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neuropathologies characterized by oxidative stress. Although nitric oxide has been reported to be involved in the exacerbation of oxidative stress observed in several neuropathologies, existent data fail to provide a holistic description of how nitrergic pathobiology elicits neuronal injury. Here we provide a comprehensive description of mechanisms contributing to nitric oxide induced neuronal injury by global transcriptomic profiling. Microarray analyses were undertaken on RNA from murine primary cortical neurons treated with the nitric oxide generator DETA‐NONOate (NOC‐18, 0.5 mM) for 8–24 hrs. Biological pathway analysis focused upon 3672 gene probes which demonstrated at least a ±1.5‐fold expression in a minimum of one out of three time‐points and passed statistical analysis (one‐way anova, P < 0.05). Numerous enriched processes potentially determining nitric oxide mediated neuronal injury were identified from the transcriptomic profile: cell death, developmental growth and survival, cell cycle, calcium ion homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial homeostasis, ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis, and GSH and nitric oxide metabolism. Our detailed time‐course study of nitric oxide induced neuronal injury allowed us to provide the first time a holistic description of the temporal sequence of cellular events contributing to nitrergic injury. These data form a foundation for the development of screening platforms and define targets for intervention in nitric oxide neuropathologies where nitric oxide mediated injury is causative.
Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis: a retrospective analysis of 4785 cases
Authors: WINTHER CHARLOTTE , GRÆM NIELS 
Published: February 2011

Winther C, Græm N. Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis: a retrospective analysis of 4785 cases. APMIS 2011; 119: 259–62.During a 1‐year period 4785 intraoperative consultations were performed. The pathology reports were retrospectively reviewed to determine the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in various tissue types. Skin for evaluation of section margins and axillary sentinel lymph nodes for evaluation of metastatic disease were most frequently sent for frozen section diagnosis. The number of discordant cases were 182, 178 were false negative and four were false positive. When frozen section diagnoses were compared with permanent section diagnoses, the overall diagnostic concordance was 95.1%. The number of deferred specimens was 57. The accuracy of frozen section diagnosis varied between tissue types, and axillary sentinel lymph nodes accounted for the greatest number of discordances. In conclusion, the frozen section diagnosis is a reliable method with varying concordance and deferral rates between tissue types. We suggest regular monitoring of the performance in frozen section diagnosis.
Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates maintain the biofilm formation capacity and the gene expression profiles during the chronic lung infection of CF patients
Authors: LEE BAOLERI , SCHJERLING CHARLOTTE K. , KIRKBY NIKOLAI , HOFFMANN NADINE , BORUP REHANNAH , MOLIN SØREN , HØIBY NIELS , CIOFU OANA 
Published: February 2011

Lee B, Schjerling CK, Kirkby N, Hoffmann N, Borup R, Molin S, Høiby N, Ciofu O. Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates maintain the biofilm formation capacity and the gene expression profiles during the chronic lung infection of CF patients. APMIS 2011; 119: 263–74.Phenotypic and genotypic diversifications of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) promote long‐term survival of bacteria during chronic lung infection. Twelve clonally related, sequential mucoid and non‐mucoid paired P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from three Danish CF patients were investigated. The in vitro biofilm formation capacity was studied under static and flow through conditions and the global gene expression profiles were investigated by Affymetrix GeneChip. Regulatory genes of alginate production and quorum sensing (QS) system were sequenced and measurements of the alginate production and the detection of the QS signal molecules were performed. Comparisons of mucoid and non‐mucoid isolates from early and late stages of the infection showed that the mucoid phenotype maintained over a decade the capacity to form in vitro biofilm and showed an unaltered transcriptional profile, whereas substantial alterations in the transcriptional profiles and loss of the capacity to form in vitro biofilms were observed in corresponding isolates of the non‐mucoid phenotype. The conserved gene expression pattern in the mucoid isolates vs the diversity of changes in non‐mucoid isolates observed in this particular P. aeruginosa clone reflects different adaptation strategies used by these two phenotypes in the different niches of the CF lung environment.
Dyshidrotic mycosis fungoides
Authors: Diehl Joseph , Sarantopoulos G. Peter , Chiu Melvin W. 
Published: February 2011

Mycosis fungoides (MF) represents the most common type of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). CTCL often progresses through patch, plaque and tumor stages but can also manifest with varied clinical presentations. MF rarely presents in vesiculobullous fashion, in which vesicles or bullae develop in pre‐existing plaques or on the trunk or proximal extremities. We report a patient who presented with a vesiculobullous eruption on the palms and soles, resembling dyshidrotic dermatitis, which we believe represents dyshidrotic MF.Diehl J, Sarantopoulos GP, Chiu MW. Dyshidrotic mycosis fungoides.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is helpful in the distinction of extra‐mammary Paget's disease from squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease)
Authors: Bains Rick , Gleason Briana C. , Thomas Antoinette B. , Victor Thomas A. , Cibull Thomas L. 
Published: February 2011

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) represents a cAMP‐dependent channel found in normal apocrine glands. The classification and histogenesis of extra‐mammary Paget's disease (EMPD) remains controversial, but it is generally accepted that primary EMPD exhibits apocrine differentiation. Therefore, we examined the utility of CFTR in the differential diagnosis of EMPD and squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS). Twenty‐five cases of SCCIS and 14 cases of EMPD were evaluated for immunohistochemical expression of CFTR. Expression was scored as 0 (<5% of cells positive), 1+ (5–75% of cells positive) or 2+ (>75% cells positive). Twenty‐three of 25 cases of SCCIS showed no reactivity for CFTR, and the remaining 2 cases showed 1+ staining. Thirteen of 14 cases of EMPD showed 2+ staining, while 1 case showed 1+ staining. We recognize that the pathological appearance along with clinical history and site of occurrence are sufficient to distinguish EMPD and SCCIS in most instances. However, distinction between the two can become more challenging when the location and histopathology are not characteristic. We conclude that when an immunohistochemical panel is diagnostically necessary, the expression of CFTR favors a diagnosis of EMPD over SCCIS.Bains R, Gleason BC, Thomas AB, Victor TA, Cibull TL. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is helpful in the distinction of extra‐mammary Paget's disease from squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease).
Follicular stem cell marker PHLDA1 (TDAG51) is superior to cytokeratin‐20 in differentiating between trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma in small biopsy specimens
Authors: Sellheyer Klaus , Nelson Paula 
Published: February 2011

Background: Biopsies submitted to dermatopathologists are becoming increasingly smaller in size and thus the available diagnostic material is reduced. The distinction between trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma remains challenging, particularly if tissue is limited. Merkel cells, which can be highlighted by means of cytokeratin‐20 (CK20) immunostaining, are used as a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of trichoepithelioma, as Merkel cells commonly colonize trichoepithelioma but are generally lacking in basal cell carcinomas. In the current study, we examined the expression of a recently characterized follicular stem cell marker, PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology‐like domain, family A, member 1), also known as TDAG51 (T‐cell death‐associated gene 51). Methods: Using standard immunohistochemical techniques, we examined 19 trichoepitheliomas and 11 basal cell carcinomas for the expression of PHLDA1 and compared it with CK20 expression. Results: All 19 trichoepitheliomas were immunoreactive for PHLDA1 and all 11 basal cell carcinomas lacked PHLDA1 expression. Two of eleven basal cell carcinomas harbored CK20‐positive Merkel cells. Three trichoepitheliomas lacked secondary CK20‐positive cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PHLDA1 represents a practical and easily used tool that can be applied to the differentiation of trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma in small biopsy specimens. Rather than searching for CK20‐positive Merkel cells, assessing PHLDA1 expression allows the differential diagnosis between trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma to be solved at scanning magnification.Sellheyer K, Nelson P. Follicular stem cell marker PHLDA1 (TDAG51) is superior to cytokeratin‐20 in differentiating between trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma in small biopsy specimens.