bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular Mechanisms of H+and HCO3−transport in tight urinary epithelia
Authors: Al‐Awqati Qais , Beauwens Renaud 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Transepithelial Proton and Bicarbonate TransportIntercalated CellsProton SecretionBicarbonate SecretionMolecules Involved in Acid‐Base TransportProton‐TranslocatingATPasesCl−−ExchangerChloride ChannelCarbonic AnhydraseRegulation of Proton SecretionTransmembrane Electrochemical GradientCell pHEffect ofCO2and Role of ExocytosisRole of EndocytosisAldosteroneExtracellular Acid‐Base ChangesCyclicAMPRegulation of Bicarbonate SecretionExfracellular Acid‐Base ChangescAMPCell Calcium and the Calcium Ionophore A23187Epithelial Polarity of Proton and Bicarbonate TransportBiogenesis of Epithelial PolarityPlasticity of Epithelial Polarity in the Intercalated CellOther Examples of Reversible PolarityPotential Mechanisms for Plasticity in the Polarity of the Intercalated CellDevelopmental Biology of the Intercalated Cell
Renal Blood Flow
Authors: Hura Claudia , Stein Jay H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Measurement of Renal Blood FlowTotal Renal Blood FlowRegional Cortical Blood FlowMedullary Blood FlowRenal MicrocirculationControl of Renal CirculationIntrinsic FactorsExtrinsic ControlRenovascular Resistance Changes in Selected Pathophysiological StatesExtracellular Volume ExpansionHemorrhagic HypotensionAcute Renal Failure
Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System and the Renal Regulation of Sodium, Potassium, and Blood Pressure Homeostasis
Authors: Laragh John H. , Sealey Jean E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Historical BackgroundReninAldosteroneA Coordinated Renal‐Adrenal Hormonal System: Renin, Angiotensin, and AldosteroneComparative AspectsBrief Overview of the Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone SystemBiochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Renin SystemProreninReninRenin SubstrateAngiotensins I andIIAngiotensin‐Converting EnzymeAldosteroneMethods of MeasurementPhysiologyProreninReninRenin SubstrateAngiotensinIIAldosteroneCybernetics of the SystemCoordinated Regulation of Sodium, Potassium, and Blood PressureUse of the Renin System to Understand Blood Pressure Control and Disorders of Pressure‐Volume HomeostasisTwo Forms of Vasoconstriction: Vasoconstriction‐Volume AnalysisThree Basic Tenets Concerning Plasma Renin MeasurementsThe Sodium—Calcium ConnectionDynamic Reciprocity of Two Forms of VasoconstrictionThe Sympathetic Nervous System and Modulation of the Two Forms of Arteriolar VasoconstrictionHuman Disorders of the Renin SystemHypertensive DisordersRenin System Abnormalities in Edematous StatesHypokalemic Normotensive StatesSummary
Renal Plasma Membranes: Isolation, General Properties, and Biochemical Components
Authors: Kinne Rolf , Kinne‐Saffran E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Studies on Isolated Plasma Membranes: Conceptual FrameworkIsolation of Plasma Membranes of the Proximal TubuleDefinition of MembranesMembrane MarkerStarting MaterialIsolation of Microvillous MembranesIsolation of Basal‐lateral MembranesSimultaneous Isolation of Microvillous and Basal‐lateral MembranesIsolation of Endosomes and Reserve VesiclesPurity and General Properties of Plasma Membranes Isolated from the Proximal TubuleMicrovillous MembranesBasal‐lateral MembranesEndosomes and Reserve VesiclesIsolation of Plasma Membranes of the Thick Ascending limb of Henle's LoopDefinition of MembranesMembrane MarkerStarting MaterialMethods for Membrane IsolationPurity and General Properties of Plasma Membranes Isolated from the Thick Ascending LimbPurity of Membrane FractionsGeneral PropertiesIsolation of Plasma Membranes of the Collecting DuctDefinition of MembranesMembrane MarkerStarting MaterialMethods for Membrane IsolationPurity and General Properties of Membranes Isolated from the Collecting DuctBiochemical Components of Isolated Renal Plasma MembranesMembrane LipidsLipid Composition of Isolated Membranes of the Proximal TubuleLipid Composition of Plasma Membranes Isolated from Kidney MedullaIdentification of Membrane ProteinsEnzymes in Renal MembranesAntigens in Renal MembranesTransport Proteins in Renal MembranesProtein Fingerprints of Renal MembranesConcluding Remarks
Alimentary Excretion of Environmental Agents and Unnatural Compounds
Authors: Pfeiffer Carl J. , Hänninen Osmo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Alimentary Excretion of Organic and Inorganic SubstancesSalivary ExcretionExcretion From Respiratory to Gastrointestinal TractTransfer of Foreign Compounds Into Gastric ContentsIntestinal ExcretionPancreatic ExcretionGeneral Mechanisms of Biliary Excretion of Foreign CompoundsAlimentary Excretion of Selected Pharmacological AgentsAlimentary Excretion of Selected Environmental AgentsEnteric Factors that May Modify Alimentary ExcretionMucosal and Hepatic ConjugationPresence of BileGut Bacteria and Enterohepatic CirculationChelating AgentsConcluding Remarks
Lipid Peroxidation: A Specific form of Cellular Injury
Authors: Recknagel Richard O. , Glende Eric A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Chemistry of Lipid PeroxidationBiological Consequences of Lipid PeroxidationPossible Mechanisms in Lipoperoxidative Cell InjuryProtective MechanismsLiver Injury from Carbon TetrachlorideSummary
Intracellular Digestion: Lysosomes and Cellular Injury
Authors: Goldstein Ira M. , Weissmann Gerald 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Origin and Function of LysosomesLysosomes and Tissue InjuryLysosomal EnzymesAutophagyMechanisms of Lysosomal Enzyme ReleaseInteractions of Lysosomes With Chemical and Physical AgentsPhysical AgentsIonizing RadiationUltraviolet RadiationVisible RadiationMicrobes and Microbial ProductsBacteria and FungiMicrobial ToxinsVirusesChemical AgentsDrugs, Vitamins, and HormonesHeavy MetalsEnvironmental PollutantsVenoms and Toxins
Structure and Function of Membrane Systems of Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: Peachey Lee D. , Franzini‐Armstrong Clara 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Structural Components of Skeletal Muscle FibersSarcomeres, Striations, and FibrilsMembranesPhysiological CorrelatesLocal Activation ExperimentsComparison of Slow‐Acting and Fast‐Acting Muscle FibersRelation of Total Surface Area to Fiber CapacitanceGlycerol‐Shock ExperimentsMicroscopic Methods in Study of Cellular Membrane StructureScanning Electron MicroscopyHigh‐Voltage Electron Microscopy of Thick SectionsFreeze‐Fracture Electron MicroscopyT SystemDefinition, Development, and FunctionT‐Tubule NetworksT‐Tubule ShapesSarcoplasmic ReticulumDefinition, Development, and FunctionStructural Relationship to Myofibrils and StriationsForm of Sarcoplasmic ReticulumContent of Sarcoplasmic ReticulumCalcium MovementsIntrinsic Membrane ProteinsSarcoplasmic ReticulumT TubulesComparative Structure of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and T SystemFibers With One Small Dimension and No T SystemFibers With Low Speed and Small Quantity of MembranesFibers With High Speed and Large Quantity of MembranesVariation in Speed and Quantity of Membranes in Mammalian FibersInvertebrate FibersT‐System‐Sarcoplasmic Reticulum CouplingsBasic FormStructural DetailsRole of T‐Tubular Calcium Current in Excitation‐ Contraction CouplingFunctional Mechanism of Coupling Between T Tubules and Sarcoplasmic ReticulumSpecial Geometry of T SystemLongitudinal T TubulesHelicoidsStructural and Functional Implications
Cell Culture as a Model
Authors: Cristofalo Vincent J. , Pignolo Robert J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Historical Development of Cell Cultures for the Study of AgingRelevance of in Vitro Cellular Senescence to in Vivo AgingCell Cultures as ModelsCellular Mortality, Cellular Clocks, and Death as an End Point for AgingAging and EvolutionIn Vivo–In Vitro Parallel ChangesCaveats in the Use of Cell Cultures as ModelsCellular and Molecular Markers of Senescence in Vitro and in VivoMechanistic Studies of in Vitro Replicative SenescenceStochastic MechanismsSignal Transduction PathwaysGenetic MechanismsSummary and Conclusions
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Authors: Halter Jeffrey B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Epidemiology of Age‐Related Changes of Carbohydrate MetabolismMechanisms for Age‐Related Changes of Carbohydrate MetabolismNormal Regulation of Glucose MetabolismEffects of AgingConfounding FactorsDiabetes MellitusMechanisms for Development of Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes MellitusMetabolic Consequences of Diabetes MellitusLong‐Term Consequences of Diabetes Mellitus
Aging of Long‐Lived Proteins: Extracellular Matrix (Collagens, Elastins, Proteoglycans) and Lens Crystallins
Authors: Sell David R. , Monnier Vincent M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:CollagensOverviewMethodological Difficulties in the Assessment of Collagen Changes during AgingHypertension and Collagen Deposition in Relation to the Aging ProcessTurnover of CollagenPhysical Properties of Aging CollagenMeasurement of the Physical Properties of Collagen as Potential Biomarkers of AgingChemical Properties of Aging CollagenElastinMolecular Contrasts between Elastin and CollagenMorphological Changes in Elastin with AgingQuantitative Changes in Elastin with AgingConclusionsProteoglycansBiochemical CompositionAggregating and Nonaggregating Populations of ProteoglycansAge‐Related Changes in ProteoglycansConclusionsLens CrystallinsOverviewAge‐Related Changes in Lens and Lens CrystallinsChanges in Enzyme ActivityMechanisms of Crystallin AgingConclusionsSummation
Lactate Transport and Exchange During Exercise
Authors: Gladden L. Bruce 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Why Does [La] Increase During Exercise?Muscle Hypoxia: The Traditional HypothesisEvidence Against Muscle HypoxiaMultiple FactorsCriticism of Evidence Against O2‐limitationNear‐Equilibrium Steady State: A Unifying Hypothesis?SummaryThe Lactate ShuttleCarrier‐Mediated Lactate TransportLactate Transport in Sarcolemmal VesiclesLactate Transport in Isolated CellsReconstitution of the Lactate CarrierLactate Transport In SituSummaryMuscle as a Consumer of Lactate: Regulating FactorsLactate ConcentrationMetabolic RateBlood FlowHydrogen Ion ConcentrationMuscle Fiber TypeExercise TrainingSummaryBlood Transport of LactateLactate Distribution between Plasma andRBCsComparative Aspects of Lactate Transport inRBCsAltitudeThe Lactate ParadoxExplanations for the Lactate ParadoxSummary
Control of Glycolysis and Glycogen Metabolism
Authors: Connett Richard J. , Sahlin Kent 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Importance of Glycolysis in Skeletal Muscle at Rest and During ExerciseGeneral Overview of the Glycolytic PathwayATPSupplySupport of Other Metabolic NeedsProperties of Glycogen and Associated EnzymesStructure of GlycogenControl ofGPControl ofGSIntegrated Control ofGPandGSDuring ExerciseOther Specific Glycolytic Enzyme ControlsEquilibrium GroupPhosphofructokinaseAldolaseGlyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase and Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK)Phosphoglycerate Mutase and EnolasePyruvate KinaseLactate DehydrogenaseCarbohydrate Utilization at Rest and During ExerciseDiurnal Variations of Body Stores at RestCHOUtilization during ExerciseControl of Glycogenolysis during Heavy ExercisePostexercise Glycogen Synthesis and its ControlResynthesis of Muscle Glycogen After ExerciseRegulatory MechanismsMuscle Glycogen Metabolism and FatigueImportance ofCHOduring Prolonged ExerciseImportance of Glycogen during High‐Intensity ExerciseIntegrative Aspects of Glycolytic Control and Future Directions (K. Sahlin)Rest‐Work TransitionFuture DirectionsIntegrative Aspects of Glycolytic Control and Future Directions (R. J. Connett)Systems AnalysisCellular Oxygen Tension and Lactate FormationSummaryState of the Phosphate Energy SystemCytosolic pHSubstrate EffectsFuture Directions
Principles of Regulation and Control in Biochemistry: A Pragmatic, Flux‐Oriented Approach
Authors: Crabtree B. , Newsholme E. A. , Reppas N. B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Flux‐Oriented Theory of RegulationFlux‐Generating StepsBranched Fluxes: Reversible ReactionsOther Types of Flux: Energy Fluxes and EquivalenceInternal and External EffectorsControl and Regulation of Metabolic Fluxes and Concentrations: Communication and Regulatory SequencesControl Versus RegulationIdentification of Communication Sequences In VivoNeed for Sensitive Regulation In VivoMetabolic SensitivitiesAnalysis of Non‐Steady StatesTwo Other Important Approaches to Metabolic Control and RegulationBiochemical Systems Theory (BST)Metabolic Control Theory (MCT)Summary and Future Prospects
Online capillary liquid–liquid electroextraction of peptides as fast pre‐concentration prior to LC‐MS
Authors: Lindenburg Petrus W. , Seitzinger Remco , Tempels F. W. Alexander , Tjaden Ubbo R. , van der Greef Jan , Hankemeier Thomas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this research paper, we show that capillary electroextraction (cEE) is capable of fast online peptide concentration and that it can be coupled online to LC‐MS to result in a fast and sensitive method. Electroextraction takes place when an electrical field is applied in a two‐phase liquid–liquid system. Sample molecules in the organic phase migrate very fast into the aqueous phase and are concentrated in a small zone. In this work, cEE of peptides is developed and coupled online to LC‐MS via a switching valve. Comparison of 10 min of cEE‐LC‐MS with a normal LC‐MS injection showed more than 100‐fold increased peak heights. Of five model peptides, good calibration curves in the range of 0.05–5 μmol/L were obtained. The linearity was good (R2 values between 0.984 and 0.996) and RSD between 5% at the highest to 25% at the lowest concentration (n=3). The LOD of bradykinin, angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin I was in the low nmol/L range. Analysis of a tryptic digest of eight model proteins resulted in more than 170 peptides, without bias for pI or hydrophilicity. Urine analysis is demonstrated, resulting in an LOD around 0.04 μmol/L urine for tryptic cytochrome C peptides spiked to urine and an increase of 42% in the number of chromatographic peaks compared with the conventional LC‐MS. In summary, cEE‐LC‐MS is a fast electrophoresis‐driven sample preconcentration technique that is quantitative, able to extract a wide peptide range and applicable to bioanalysis.
Preozonation of primary‐treated municipal wastewater for reuse in biofuel feedstock generation
Authors: Mondala Andro H. , Hernandez Rafael , French W. Todd , Estévez L. Antonio , Meckes Mark , Trillo Marlene , Hall Jacqueline 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe results of a laboratory scale investigation on ozone pretreatment of primary‐treated municipal wastewater for potential reuse in fermentation processes for the production of biofuels and bio‐based feedstock chemicals were presented. Semi‐batch preozonation with 3.0% (w/w) ozone at 1 L min−1 resulted into a considerable inactivation of the indigenous heterotrophic bacteria in the wastewater with less than 0.0002% comprising the ozone‐resistant fraction of the microbial population. The disinfection process was modeled using first‐order inactivation kinetics with a rate constant of 4.39 × 10−3 s−1. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels were reduced by 30% in 1‐h experiments. COD depletion was also modeled using a pseudo‐first‐order kinetics at a rate constant of 9.50 × 10−5 s−1. Biological oxygen demand (BOD5) values were reduced by 60% up to 20 min of ozonation followed by a plateau and some slight increases attributed to partial oxidation of recalcitrant materials. Ozone also had no substantial effect on the concentration of ammonium and phosphate ions, which are essential for microbial growth and metabolism. Preliminary tests indicated that oleaginous microorganisms could be cultivated in the ozonated wastewater, resulting in relatively higher cell densities than in raw wastewater and comparable results with autoclave‐sterilized wastewater. This process could potentially produce significant quantities of oil for biofuel production from municipal wastewater streams. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
In‐hospital death according to dementia diagnosis in acutely ill elderly patients: the REPOSI study
Authors: Marengoni A. , Corrao S. , Nobili A. , Tettamanti M. , Pasina L. , Salerno F. , Iorio A. , Marcucci M. , Bonometti F. , Mannucci P.M. ,   on behalf of SIMI Investigators
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to explore the association of dementia with in‐hospital death in acutely ill medical patients.MethodsThirty‐four internal medicine and 4 geriatric wards in Italy participated in the Registro Politerapie SIMI—REPOSI—study during 2008. One thousand three hundred and thirty two in‐patients aged 65 years or older were enrolled. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of dementia with in‐hospital death. Socio‐demographic characteristics, morbidity (single diseases and the Charlson Index), number of drugs, and adverse clinical events during hospitalization were considered as potential confounders.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen participants were diagnosed as being affected by dementia. Patients with dementia were more likely to be women, older, to have cerebrovascular diseases, pneumonia, and a higher number of adverse clinical events during hospitalization. The percentage of patients affected by dementia who died during hospitalization was higher than that of patients without dementia (9.4 versus 4.9%). After multiadjustment, the diagnosis of dementia was associated with in‐hospital death (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.0–4.5). Having dementia and at least one adverse clinical event during hospitalization showed an additive effect on in‐hospital mortality (OR = 20.7; 95% CI = 6.9–61.9).ConclusionsAcutely ill elderly patients affected by dementia are more likely to die shortly after hospital admission. Having dementia and adverse clinical events during hospital stay increases the risk of death. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Content analysis of language‐promoting teaching strategies used in infant‐directed media
Authors: Vaala Sarah E. , Linebarger Deborah L. , Fenstermacher Susan K. , Tedone Ashley , Brey Elizabeth , Barr Rachel , Moses Annie , Shwery Clay E. , Calvert Sandra L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe number of videos produced specifically for infants and toddlers has grown exponentially in the last decade. Many of these products make educational claims regarding young children's language development. This study explores infant media producer claims regarding language development, and the extent to which these claims reflect different distributions of strategies known to promote young children's language development in live contexts. A content analysis of 58 DVDs for children under the age of three years was conducted. Claims related to language development and general knowledge information were identified from packaging and promotional materials. Video content was examined scene‐by‐scene for language‐promoting strategies. Finally, scene‐level content matching the specific language or general knowledge claims was ‘tagged’. Videos with more explicit language claims had a significantly higher percentage of scenes with language content and language‐promoting strategies than those without such claims. Verbal labels of onscreen referents were common across videos. Onscreen print significantly co‐occurred with language claims, which was surprising given that infants were the target audience and they cannot read. Production techniques that are likely to increase orientation to important language content, such as sound effects, and audience elicitation, significantly co‐occurred with language content, but point/give objects or follow gaze teaching strategies and vocabulary definitions were only infrequently used. Implications for the creation of developmentally appropriate videos for infants and toddlers are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High RAD51 mRNA expression characterize estrogen receptor‐positive/progesteron receptor‐negative breast cancer and is associated with patient's outcome
Authors: Barbano Raffaela , Copetti Massimiliano , Perrone Giuseppe , Pazienza Valerio , Muscarella Lucia Anna , Balsamo Teresa , Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana , Ripoli Maria , Rinaldi Monica , Valori Vanna Maria , Latiano Tiziana Pia , Maiello Evaristo , Stanziale Pietro , Carella Massimo , Mangia Alessandra , Pellegrini Fabio , Bisceglia Michele , Muda Andrea Onetti , Altomare Vittorio , Murgo Roberto , Fazio Vito Michele , Parrella Paola 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMutations in DNA double‐strand breaks (DSB) repair genes are involved in the pathogenesis of hereditary mammary tumors, it is, however, still unclear whether defects in this pathway may play a role in sporadic breast cancer. In this study, we initially determined mRNA expression of 15 DSB related genes by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in paired normal tissue and cancer specimen from 20 breast cancer cases to classify them into homogeneous clusters. G22P1/ku70, ATR and RAD51 genes were differentially expressed in the three branches recognized by clustering analysis. In particular, a breast cancer subgroup characterized by high RAD51 mRNA levels and estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive/progesteron receptor (PR)‐negative phenotype was identified. This result was confirmed by the analysis of G22P1/ku70, ATR and RAD51 mRNA levels on paired normal and tumor specimens from an extended breast cancer cohort (n = 75). RAD51 mRNA levels were inversely associated with PR status (p = 0.02) and the highest levels were, indeed, detected in ER‐positive/PR‐negative tumors (p = 0.03). RAD51 immunostaining of a tissue microarray confirmed the inverse relationship between high RAD51 expression and negative PR status (p = 0.002), as well as, the association with ER‐positive/PR‐negative phenotype (p = 0.003). Interestingly, the analysis of microarray expression data from 295 breast cancers indicate that RAD51 increased mRNA expression is associated with higher risk of tumor relapse, distant metastases and worst overall survival (p = 0.015, p = 0.009 and p = 0.013 respectively). Our results suggest that RAD51 expression determination could contribute to a better molecular classification of mammary tumors and may represent a novel tool for evaluating postoperative adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients.