bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Drug Utilization Review of Antibiotics used in a Government Hospital in Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Jean Chew Yi , Thamby Sam Aaseer , Balasubramanian Ganesh Pandian , Paruchuri Sireesha 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Antibiotics are produced by certain microorganisms that kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing pattern (s) is significant because this can promote proper prescribing and use of the antibiotics. The objective of this study is to conduct a retrospective drug utilization study of antibiotics from the preceding 2 years.

Methodology:
A retrospective exploratory cross-sectional observation survey was done for a period of 2 semesters, covering the preceding 2 years. A total 110 relevant data were obtained from the case sheets clerked by senior students during the past 2 years during their hospital and clinical pharmacy posting. The case sheets that met the prespecified inclusion criteria were keyed in into the predesigned data collection forms. The data coding was performed for each data from different categories.

Results:
In this study, 37.3% and 62.7% of the patients prescribed with antibiotic were male and female, respectively. Most of the cases were from pediatric population (30.9%) (Chi-square test deemed significant; P < 0.05). Maximum cases were from the Malay ethnic group (67.3%) (Chi-square test deemed significant; P < 0.05). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were penicillins (48.0%), followed by cephalosporins (33.3%); Unasyn (14.2%), cefuroxime (11.8%). The antibiotics were used most commonly as empirical therapy for most infectious conditions, especially pneumonia.

Conclusion:
The usage of antibiotics was in accordance with the national antibiotic guidelines. However, it was impossible to ascertain the appropriateness of the antibiotics prescribed with regard to the indications and other parameters as the data were obtained from the retrospective data, which is secondary source.
Panoramic Radiography in the Evaluation of the Relationship of Maxillary Molar Teeth and Maxillary Sinuses on the Deep Learning Models Improved with the Findings Obtained by Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Kadan EA , Kiliç R , Miloğlu Ö , Özbek İY , Oral EA 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Panoramic radiography (PR) is available to determine the contact relationship between maxillary molar teeth (MMT) and the maxillary sinus floor (MSF). However, as PRs do not provide clear and detailed anatomical information, advanced imaging methods can be used.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of deep learning (DL) applications that assess the relationship of the MSF to the first maxillary molar teeth (fMMT) and second maxillary molar teeth (sMMT) on PRs with data confirmed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:
A total of 2162 fMMT and sMMT were included in this retrospective study. The contact relationship of teeth with MSF was compared among DL methods.

Results:
DL methods, such as GoogLeNet, VGG16, VGG19, DarkNet19, and DarkNet53, were used to evaluate the contact relationship between MMT and MSF, and 85.89% accuracy was achieved by majority voting. In addition, 88.72%, 81.19%, 89.39%, and 83.14% accuracy rates were obtained in right fMMT, right sMMT, left fMMT, and left sMMT, respectively.

Conclusion:
DL models showed high accuracy values in detecting the relationship of fMMT and sMMT with MSF.
The Relationship Between Controlling Nutritional Assessment Score and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome: A Retrospective Study from Türkiye
Authors: Tiryaki MM , Emren SV , Gursoy MO , Kiris T , Esin F , Esen S , Karaca M , Nazli C 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Controlling Nutritional Assessment (CONUT) score has been shown to have a higher predictive value compared to other nutritional scores in acute coronary syndrome.

Aim:
To determine the relationship between CONUT score and long-term mortality in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS).

Methods:
Between 2017 and 2020, 585 consecutive patients newly diagnosed and proven to have CCS by coronary angiography were included in the study. CONUT score and demographic and laboratory data of all patients were evaluated. The relationship between results and mortality was evaluated.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 64 years and 75% were male. Mortality was observed in 56 (9.6%) patients after a median follow-up period of 3.5 years. The median CONUT score was significantly higher in patients with mortality (P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, the CONUT score was associated with mortality (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.63 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–1.98 P < 0.001)). The area under curve (AUC) for long-term mortality estimation for the CONUT score was 0.75 (95% CI 0.67–0.82 P < 0.001). When the CONUT score value was accepted as 0.5, the sensitivity was 78% and the specificity was 60

%. Conclusion:
CONUT score was found to be predictive of mortality in long-term follow-up of patients with CCS.
Utilizing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire and Investigating Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Current Medical Undergraduates’ Concept
Authors: Alotaibi Lujain Bandar , Alotaibi Abdulrahman Bandar , Alkholaiwi Feras Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders in the world, but despite this, it is underdiagnosed and untreated. Given that sleep problems may be modifiable risk factors for adverse health outcomes, this study aimed to assess Saudi medical students’ perception toward OSA.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a self-administered OSA Knowledge and Attitude questionnaire among medical students from seven universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between July 2022 and November 2022.

Results:
A total of 346 participants were included. 47.7% were male. The knowledge score ranged from 0 to 17 with an average knowledge score of 7.59 ± 3.68, and the knowledge score was normally distributed. Respondents who did not know the answer were 50% or greater in nine questions. None of the included respondents answered all questions correctly. The percentage of correct answers ranged from 7.8% to 66.8%. Two-thirds of the respondents knew that most OSA patients snore and overnight sleep study is the gold standard to diagnose OSA, while only 7.8% knew that laser-assisted uvuloplasty is an appropriate treatment for severe OSA. Gender, grade point average, and university showed no significant difference in terms of knowledge.

Conclusion:
The knowledge of medical students at Riyadh universities regarding the diagnosis and treatment of OSA was away from optimal. The reported lack of understanding of OSA may contribute to the underdiagnosis of this illness, which is becoming more common.
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the progression, prevalence, and incidence of myopia: A systematic review
Authors: Au Eong Jonathan T. W. , Chen Krystal S. , Teo Benjamin H. K. , Lee Samantha S. Y. , Au Eong Kah-Guan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We systematically reviewed the literature on the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the progression, prevalence, and incidence of myopia. A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus databases. Studies included in the review assessed myopia progression, prevalence, and/or incidence as the primary outcome. Of 523 articles yielded in the initial search, 23 studies (6 cross-sectional and 17 cohort) were eligible for inclusion. Sixteen of these were conducted in China and one each in Hong Kong, Turkey, Spain, Israel, India, Korea, and Tibet. Quality appraisals were conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Of the included studies, a large majority reported a greater myopic shift and increase in myopia prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVID-19 years. All three studies on myopia incidence showed increased incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Myopia progression accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, even in individuals using low-concentration atropine eye drops in two studies but not in those using orthokeratology treatment in one study. Overall, the studies found that the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated home confinement measures generally increased myopia progression, prevalence, and incidence, even in individuals using low-concentration atropine eye drops.
Basic life support: knowledge, attitudes, and practices among primary health care providers in Egypt
Authors: Elhak Lamiaa FA , Zayed Hanaa A , Elshrbiny Ali A , Shihab Nihal S 
Published: May 2024

Background
Basic life support (BLS) is a part of emergency medical care. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and knowledge among junior doctors are topics of vital importance.

Aim
To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of BLS and to study some of their determinants among primary health care providers (HCPs) in Egypt.

Patient and methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 240 primary HCPs. All participants were subjected to a self-administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic data and questions for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices of BLS.

Results
Most of participants had average (61.3 and 46.7%) and poor (37.5 and 51.7%) levels of knowledge and practices of BLS, respectively, and only 1.3 and 1.7% of them had good levels. All participants had positive attitude toward BLS. There was a significant association between job categories, work shift, and previous training course about BLS and levels of knowledge (P<0.001, P=0.001, P=0.005) respectively. There was a statistically significant association between job categories and levels of practices (P<0.001). The total score of knowledge and job categories was considered a significant predictors for practices of BLS among the studied primary HCPs with effect of 42.7%.

Conclusions
Most participants had average and poor levels of knowledge and practices of BLS. All participants had positive attitude. Age and job categories affect significantly the level of their knowledge and practices. The total score of knowledge and job categories was considered a significant predictor for practices of BLS.
Perceptions of Barriers to Addressing Pharmaceutical Stockout in Timor-Leste
Authors: Camnahas Lourenço , Willis Eileen , Dettwiller Pascale , Shipman Jessica 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Since 2005, stockout of pharmaceuticals has been a constant issue at all health services in Timor-Leste (TL).

Aim:
This study identifies factors that contribute to the ongoing pharmaceutical stockout as perceived by various stakeholders.

Methods:
A mixed-method approach was implemented, including face-to-face interviews with 46 Timorese health professionals involved in the pharmaceutical supply chain, along with documentational review and analysis. The field study was conducted in four locations (Dili, Liquiça, Aileu, and Ermera) from July to October 2018. This paper draws on qualitative accounts of participants' perceptions, which were investigated through an interview schedule in the Tetum language, with transcripts translated into English for analysis.

Results:
The responses gathered were consistent among various groups of employees. Perceptions of stakeholder views on factors contributing to pharmaceutical stockout were identified. These included issues such as poor coordination, failure to adhere to policy guidelines, significant difficulties, and lack of knowledge with inventory management, quantification, forecasting, and budgetary constraints. A weak logistic management information system and a lack of capacity in inventory management resulted in a lack of reliable data. Other factors, such as political intervention, work ethics and lack of basic infrastructure, such as internet connectivity, were also reported by participants.

Conclusion:
The findings highlighted that there are multiple factors contributing to the ongoing pharmaceutical stockout. This may be addressed by implementing more culturally appropriate education and training on forecasting methods.
Psychiatric and Substance Use Comorbidities among People who Inject Drugs in India
Authors: Saini Romil , Parmar Arpit , Rao Ravindra , Mishra Ashwani Kumar , Ambekar Atul , Agrawal Alok 
Published: May 2024

Background:
People who Inject Drugs (PWID) show higher rates of comorbid psychiatric illnesses than the general population. We aimed to assess the rates of different psychiatric disorders and substance dependence among PWID in the state of Delhi, India.

Methods:
We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study interviewing 104 adult male participants receiving various harm reduction and HIV prevention services. A semi-structured questionnaire assessed socio-demographics, drug use and injecting patterns, and opioid overdose experience. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version 7.0.2 (for screening and diagnosing major psychiatric disorders), World Health Organization-Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test for the pattern of other psychoactive substance use were used.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 27.9 years. The predominant opioid injected in the last 1 year was heroin. About 52% of participants had at least one psychiatric illness during their lifetime. Antisocial personality disorder (25%) was the most common psychiatric illness followed by suicidality (23.1%). About 23.1% had more than one psychiatric comorbidity other than substance use disorder. Being unskilled (χ
2 = 11.39; P = 0.03), having early mean age of tobacco onset (t = −2.416; P = 0.02), longer duration of tobacco (t = 2.033; P = 0.04), alcohol (t = 2.204; P = 0.03) use, less abstinent attempts for opioid use (χ
2 = 5.003; P = 0.03), longer duration of injecting drug use (t-test = 2.437; P = 0.02), higher vein-related complications (χ
2 = 9.27; P = 0.02), high HIV positivity rate (χ
2 = 8.54; P = 0.01), and high rates of nonfatal opioid overdose over lifetime (χ
2 = 4.87; P = 0.03) were significantly associated with having lifetime psychiatric illness.

Conclusion:
Our study found high rates of psychiatric illnesses and the use of other psychoactive substances among PWID from India. There is an urgent need to incorporate mental health services into the existing HIV prevention services directed at PWID in India.
Disability Attributed to Mental Disorders in China
Authors: Huang Yueqin , Liu Zhaorui , Liu Yuntao , Ji Ning , Zhang Tingting , Wang Yongshi , Wu Wenlei , Li Yang 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of disabilities attributed to mental disorders and their distributions in China, and to explore the determinants of disabilities attributed to the mental disorders.

Methods:
The current study is secondary data analysis for the Second National Sample Survey on Disability. The determinants of disability were assessed by applying the univariate and multivariable regression analysis.

Results:
Among 2,526,145 participants sampled in the survey, 15,928 participants were diagnosed as having disabilities attributed to mental disorders. The prevalence of disability attributed to mental disorders was 0.63%. Among 46,886 participants with single physical disability, 446 had comorbid mental disability, and the rate of physical disability with comorbid mental disability was 0.94%. The risk factors associated with coexisting mental disability in persons with physical disability included female gender, 30–44 and 45–59 years age groups, being unmarried, widowed or divorced, and urban background. Schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance were the main disorders associated with mental disability.

Conclusions:
Disabilities attributed to mental disorders in China should receive more attention. It is important to treat mental disorders for preventing the associated disability and develop related rehabilitation in China.
FERRAMENTA EDUCACIONAL PARA AVALIAR CRIANÇAS APRENDENDO INGLÊS
Authors: Fernando de Freitas Joelinton 
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma ferramenta educacional para avaliar crianças aprendendo inglês. No primeiro tópico, trazemos considerações sobre a avaliação no ensino e na aprendizagem de língua inglesa para crianças (LIC). Para isso, nos ancoramos nos pressupostos de autores como Pinter (2006, 2011), Cameron (2005), Colombo e Consolo (2016), Brown (2004), Iannou-Georgiou e Pavlov (2003), Mckay (2006), Shaaban (2005), Malloy (2015), Scaramucci (1993), Hoffman (2009), Aranda (2019), entre outros. Os autores defendem que o professor de LIC precisa conhecer sobre as características dos alunos conforme a faixa etária e leve isso em conta nos momentos em que precisa avaliar. Com isso, torna-se possível traçar um plano de ação com práticas pedagógicas significativas e levando em consideração as necessidades específicas. Em seguida, apresentamos o perfil metodológico da pesquisa, trazemos dados dos participantes da pesquisa, bem como os instrumentos para coleta de dados e a descrição de como a ferramenta foi elaborada colaborativamente. Com relação à ferramenta elaborada, compreendemos que é passível de adaptação de acordo com a realidade que cada professor vivencia, levando em consideração as características de seus alunos e suas turmas. Pode auxiliar a enfatizar o avanço dos alunos no decorrer do bimestre ou semestre, baseando-se em aspectos linguísticos sólidos e diminuindo assim a subjetividade no processo avaliativo.
Promoting Critical Thinking in Junior High School: Challenges and Practices From EFL Teachers
Authors: Mufidati Afifah , Retnaningdyah Pratiwi , Nugroho Him'mawan Adi 
Published: May 2024

Critical thinking skills is highly encouraged by educators for their students to challenge their students to achieve critical values, the sense of creativity, and the requirement of high order thinking. The purpose of this study is to explore how English teachers as a foreign language promote critical thinking skills in junior high school and the barriers they face. This study adopts an exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative research design. Barriers included student and parental attitudes, teacher and institutional issues, and cultural constraints. Participants noted a lack of cultural value for critical thinking. Recommendations emerged, such as tailored teacher training programs, a shift towards critical thinking in curricula, pedagogical support emphasizing critical thinking, and enriched textbooks with activities encouraging critical thought. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on English language teaching from the perspective of teachers' perceptions, particularly regarding the role of textbooks and the enhancement of critical thinking skills among students.
Exploring the Bilayer Approach to Analyzing Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells' Numerical Aspects for High Efficiency
Authors: Farhan Shahid , Shah M. Qasim , Khan M. Naeem , Arif M. , Ghafoor Asim 
Published: May 2024

In the past decades, the metal halide perovskites gained tremendous attention from researchers because of its excellent visible light absorption and promising power conversion efficiencies. But due its toxic nature and concerned ecological hazards, it cannot be commercialized on a large scale. So there was a need to introduce a new toxic-free alternative. According to this paper, a volume lead-free perovskite structure is quantitatively investigated using 1D solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) software. A new approach is used in which the lead-free active layer CH3NH3SnI3 is encased in two bilayers of a simultaneous simulation that investigates the hole transport layer and electron transport layer and fine-tunes their respective thicknesses as well as the absorber layer to attain the best possible performance for the suggested structure. Furthermore, a number of parameters influencing electrical properties were studied statistically, including the effect of different rear connections, temperature changes, doping concentration in the absorber layer, defect states at interfaces, and the overall density of defects. The optimal configuration yielded an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.96V, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 32 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 82.02, and a power conversion efficiency of 26.09% under standard AM1.5 G conditions.

Received: 25 November 2023 | Revised: 30 March 2024 | Accepted: 15 May 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Upon request, the appropriate author can have access to the data that supported the investigation's findings.

Author Contribution Statement
Shahid Farhan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation. M. Qasim Shah: Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources. M. Naeem Khan: Visualization, Project administration. M. Arif: Supervision. Asim Ghafoor: Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.
Fighting Biofilm Bearing Microbes, Global Challenges, Initiatives, and Current Novel Therapeutics/ Antibiofilm Strategies: A Narrative Scientific Record
Authors: Igere Bright E. , Adeola Morenike O. 
Published: May 2024

Microbial survival against diverse anti-biocidal agents has advanced beyond single organism interaction into intricate sessile cells consisting of dynamic three-dimensional extracellular complex matrix of water channels. Such complex architecture is built with heterogeneous and variable components that encourage failure of antimicrobial-chemotherapeutic strides especially among biofilm bearing/expressing microbes (BBM). This is a noteworthy public health concern as such occurrence has welcomed global attention in recent times with focus on fighting BBM as well as exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. A narrative scientific description of biofilm as a community of microbes wrapped in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was reviewed. The challenges of disease/infection recalcitrance, the risk to public health, and the necessity to develop novel therapeutics for the management/control and suppression of biofilm-linked infections were emphasized. It also summarized potential approaches including the use of antibiofilm/anti-adhesion agents, antimicrobial proteins, aptamers, nano-particulates, quorum sensing inhibitors, and peptide or protein-based nucleic acids while discussing the agents’ efficient potential ability. Such antibiofilm agents/mechanisms and their target-specific therapeutic relevance promise a future for the management/control of biofilm-associated microbial infections. Its application may also herald a generational effective combination therapy against illnesses/infections caused by BBM and serve as a potential source for BBM global control.

Received: 24 February 2024 | Revised: 15 April 2024 | Accepted: 22 May 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Author Contribution Statement
Bright E. Igere: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. Morenike O. Adeola: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Project administration.