bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired olfaction and other prodromal features in the Parkinson At‐Risk Syndrome study
Authors: Siderowf Andrew , Jennings Danna , Eberly Shirley , Oakes David , Hawkins Keith A. , Ascherio Albert , Stern Matthew B. , Marek Kenneth ,   the PARS Investigators
Published: January 2012

AbstractTo test the association between impaired olfaction and other prodromal features of PD in the Parkinson At‐Risk Syndrome Study. The onset of olfactory dysfunction in PD typically precedes motor features, suggesting that olfactory testing could be used as a screening test. A combined strategy that uses other prodromal nonmotor features, along with olfactory testing, may be more efficient than hyposmia alone for detecting the risk of PD. Individuals with no neurological diagnosis completed a mail survey, including the 40‐item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, and questions on prodromal features of PD. The frequency of reported nonmotor features was compared across individuals with and without hyposmia. A total of 4,999 subjects completed and returned the survey and smell test. Of these, 669 were at or below the 15th percentile based on age and gender, indicating hyposmia. Hyposmics were significantly more likely to endorse nonmotor features, including anxiety and depression, constipation, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder symptoms, and to report changes in motor function. Twenty‐six percent of subjects with combinations of four or more nonmotor features were hyposmic, compared to 12% for those reporting three or fewer nonmotor features (P < 0.0001). Hyposmia is associated with other nonmotor features of PD in undiagnosed individuals. Further assessment of hyposmic subjects using more specific markers for degeneration, such as dopamine transporter imaging, will evaluate whether combining hyposmia and other nonmotor features is useful in assessing the risk of future neurodegeneration. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Digital Filters for Molecular Interaction Field Descriptors
Authors: Barbosa Euzébio Guimarães , Ferreira Márcia Miguel Castro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDescriptor properties are often neglected when building 3D‐QSAR models. The relevance of correlation and distribution profiles is tested in terms of the models’ prediction power. A different approach to filter descriptors prior to variable selection is proposed. Additionally, a protocol for molecular interaction field descriptors selection and model validation is presented. The algorithms and protocols presented are quite simple and enable a different and powerful way to create parsimonious interaction field‐based models.
Types of Office‐Based Anesthetics
Authors: Hausman Laurence M. , Dickstein Elisha J. , Rosenblatt Meg A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOver the past several decades, there have been evolutionary changes in both surgery and anesthesia. Newer anesthetics have excellent safety profiles and are associated with fewer hemodynamic side effects and rapid elimination from the body. Innovative surgical techniques are less invasive and cause less perioperative patient pain. These developments have fueled the growth of office‐based surgery and anesthesia. All types of anesthesia, including local, monitored anesthesia care, general, and regional anesthesia, have been used safely within the private practitioner's office. Because of the remote nature of the private surgeon's office, the proper selection of both patient and procedure to be performed is of utmost importance. It is likewise imperative that the practitioner assures that the patient does not experience excessive postoperative pain and/or nausea and vomiting. It is of the utmost importance that the practicing anesthesiologist assure that every location in which procedures and surgeries are performed is a safe anesthetizing location. Mt Sinai J Med 79:107–115, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Managing Chronic Pain With Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Epstein Lawrence J. , Palmieri Marco 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSince its introduction as a procedure of last resort in a terminally ill patient with intractable cancer‐related pain, spinal cord stimulation has been used to effectively treat chronic pain of varied origins. Spinal cord stimulation is commonly used for control of pain secondary to failed back surgery syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome, as well as pain from angina pectoris, peripheral vascular disease, and other causes. By stimulating one or more electrodes implanted in the posterior epidural space, the patient feels paresthesias in their areas of pain, which reduces the level of pain. Pain is reduced without the side effects associated with analgesic medications. Patients have improved quality of life and improved function, with many returning to work. Spinal cord stimulation has been shown to be cost effective as compared with conservative management alone. There is strong evidence for efficacy and cost effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of pain associated with intractable angina, failed back surgery syndrome, and complex regional pain syndrome. In this article, we review the history and pathophysiology of spinal cord stimulation, and the evidence (or lack thereof) for efficacy in common clinical practice. Mt Sinai J Med 79:123–132, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Lungs in Critical Care: New Look at Old Practices
Authors: Papadakos Peter J. , Karcz Marcin , Schwaiberger David , Lachmann Burkhard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThere has been a marked increase in the volume of critical care services throughout the world in the last few years with the wide addition of intensive care units in developing nations. Despite extensive efforts in research and some progress in treatment, mortality and morbidity have not significantly decreased. Recent research has demonstrated that modifying standard practices of mechanical ventilation and sedation may contribute to improved patient outcomes. This article discusses how new aspects of physiologically based mechanical ventilation with minimal intravenous sedation may help decrease the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, modulate systemic inflammatory response, and reduce the incidence of delirium. These interlinked modalities may someday contribute to decreased length of stay and a reduction in treatment‐related complications. These concepts may also open new avenues to improve patient care and stimulate ongoing investigation in other areas related to physiologically based critical care practices. Mt Sinai J Med 79:116–122, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Evaluation of partial and total splenectomy in children with sickle cell disease using an internet‐based registry
Authors: Mouttalib Sofia , Rice Henry E. , Snyder Denise , Levens Justin S. , Reiter Audra , Soler Pauline , Rothman Jennifer A. , Thornburg Courtney D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundClinical outcomes of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who undergo total or partial splenectomy (PS) are poorly defined. The purpose of this retrospective study was to initiate an Internet‐based registry to facilitate analysis of clinical outcomes for these children. We hypothesized that both surgical procedures would be well tolerated and would eliminate risk of splenic sequestration.MethodsWe developed a web‐based registry using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform. Children were included if they had SCD and underwent total splenectomy (TS) or PS between 2003 and 2010. Clinical outcomes were compared between cohorts, with follow‐up to 1 year.ResultsTwenty‐four children were included, TS (n = 15) and PS (n = 9). There were no differences in surgical time or intraoperative blood loss. The length of stay was longer after PS (4.1 ± 1.7 days) compared to TS, (2.4 ± 1.2 days, P = 0.02). Within 30 days of surgery, 2 (20%) patients had acute chest syndrome (ACS) following TS and 2 (15%) patients had ACS after PS. During 1‐year follow‐up, no patient in either cohort had recurrent splenic sequestration, venous thrombosis or overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. All children who were transfused preoperatively to prevent recurrent splenic sequestration successfully discontinued transfusions.ConclusionsBoth TS and PS result in favorable hematologic outcomes and low risk of adverse events for children with SCD. A REDCap‐based registry may facilitate data entry and analysis of clinical outcomes to allow for comparison between different types of splenectomy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 100–104. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toxicity and efficacy of the acetylcholinesterase (AChe) inhibitor donepezil in childhood brain tumor survivors: A pilot study
Authors: Castellino Sharon M. , Tooze Janet A. , Flowers Lynn , Hill Debbie F. , McMullen Kevin P. , Shaw Edward G. , Parsons Susan K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundNeurocognitive deficits are a recognized late effect of curative brain tumor therapy. We evaluated the feasibility, tolerance, and impact of a pilot pharmacologic intervention with the acetylcholinesterase (AChe) inhibitor, donepezil, in pediatric brain tumor (BT) survivors at risk for neurocognitive dysfunction.ProcedureA single institution open‐label pilot study was conducted in childhood BT survivors: ≥1 year from cancer treatment; and who received >23.5 Gy cranial radiation therapy (RT). Toxicity, adherence and neurocognitive outcomes were evaluated at baseline and serially during 24 weeks of donepezil, and following a 12‐week washout period off drug.ResultsFrom a pool of subjects, 13 were successfully contacted and screened, and 11 met all eligibility criteria to initiate donepezil at a median of 4.7 (1.9–11.9) years from RT. Seventy‐two percent of patients completed the 24‐week drug study visit. Despite transient gastrointestinal toxicity (vomiting and diarrhea) in 30% of patients there was no weight loss on donepezil. Significant improvement in performance was noted at 24 weeks on the Dellis–Kaplan Executive Function (D‐KEF) Tower test (P < 0.001), the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, 2nd Edition (WRAML‐2) Visual memory (P = 0.007), and the Number/Letter task (P = 0.018).ConclusionsDonepezil was well tolerated among childhood BT survivors who had received substantial prior therapy. Based on improved executive function and memory performance in this pilot trial, a randomized placebo controlled trial of this pharmacologic agent is warranted to fully evaluate its efficacy in remediating neurocognitive dysfunction. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:540–547. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of the oligosaccharide binding cleft of rice BGlu1 in hydrolysis of cellooligosaccharides and in their synthesis by rice BGlu1 glycosynthase
Authors: Pengthaisong Salila , Withers Stephen G. , Kuaprasert Buabarn , Svasti Jisnuson , Ketudat Cairns James R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRice BGlu1 β‐glucosidase nucleophile mutant E386G is a glycosynthase that can synthesize p‐nitrophenyl (pNP)‐cellooligosaccharides of up to 11 residues. The X‐ray crystal structures of the E386G glycosynthase with and without α‐glucosyl fluoride were solved and the α‐glucosyl fluoride complex was found to contain an ordered water molecule near the position of the nucleophile of the BGlu1 native structure, which is likely to stabilize the departing fluoride. The structures of E386G glycosynthase in complexes with cellotetraose and cellopentaose confirmed that the side chains of N245, S334, and Y341 interact with glucosyl residues in cellooligosaccharide binding subsites +2, +3, and +4. Mutants in which these residues were replaced in BGlu1 β‐glucosidase hydrolyzed cellotetraose and cellopentaose with kcat/Km values similar to those of the wild type enzyme. However, the Y341A, Y341L, and N245V mutants of the E386G glycosynthase synthesize shorter pNP‐cellooligosaccharides than do the E386G glycosynthase and its S334A mutant, suggesting that Y341 and N245 play important roles in the synthesis of long oligosaccharides. X‐ray structural studies revealed that cellotetraose binds to the Y341A mutant of the glycosynthase in a very different, alternative mode not seen in complexes with the E386G glycosynthase, possibly explaining the similar hydrolysis, but poorer synthesis of longer oligosaccharides by Y341 mutants.
Morin hydrate inhibits amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide and disaggregates amyloid fibers
Authors: Noor Harris , Cao Ping , Raleigh Daniel P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe polypeptide hormone Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) is responsible for islet amyloid formation in type‐2 diabetes and in islet cell transplants, where it may contribute to graft failure. Human IAPP is extremely amyloidogenic and fewer inhibitors of IAPP amyloid formation have been reported than for the Alzheimer's Aβ peptide or for α‐synuclein. The ability of a set of hydroxyflavones to inhibit IAPP amyloid formation was tested. Fluorescence detected thioflavin‐T‐binding assays are the most popular methods for measuring the kinetics of amyloid formation and for screening potential inhibitors; however, we show that they can lead to false positives with hydroxyflavones. Several of the compounds inhibit thioflavin‐T fluorescence, but not amyloid formation; a result which highlights the hazards of relying solely on thioflavin‐T assays to screen potential inhibitors. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and right‐angle light scattering show that Morin hydrate (2′,3,4′,5,7‐Pentahydroxyflavone) inhibits amyloid formation by human IAPP and disaggregates preformed IAPP amyloid fibers. In contrast, Myricetin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin, which differ only in hydroxyl groups on the B‐ring, are not effective inhibitors. Morin hydrate represents a new type of IAPP amyloid inhibitor and the results with the other compounds highlight the importance of the substitution pattern on the B‐ring.
Structure–function relationship of assimilatory nitrite reductases from the leaf and root of tobacco based on high‐resolution structures
Authors: Nakano Shogo , Takahashi Misa , Sakamoto Atsushi , Morikawa Hiromichi , Katayanagi Katsuo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTobacco expresses four isomers of assimilatory nitrite reductase (aNiR), leaf‐type (Nii1 and Nii3), and root‐type (Nii2 and Nii4). The high‐resolution crystal structures of Nii3 and Nii4, determined at 1.25 and 2.3 Å resolutions, respectively, revealed that both proteins had very similar structures. The Nii3 structure provided detailed geometries for the [4Fe–4S] cluster and the siroheme prosthetic groups. We have generated two types of Nii3 variants: one set focuses on residue Met175 (Nii3‐M175G, Nii3‐M175E, and Nii3‐M175K), a residue that is located on the substrate entrance pathway; the second set targets residue Gln448 (Nii3‐Q448K), a residue near the prosthetic groups. Comparison of the structures and kinetics of the Nii3 wild‐type (Nii3‐WT) and the Met175 variants showed that the hydrophobic side‐chain of Met175 facilitated enzyme efficiency (kcat/Km). The Nii4‐WT has Lys449 at the equivalent position of Gln448 in Nii3‐WT. The enzyme activity assay revealed that the turnover number (kcat) and Michaelis constant (Km) of Nii4‐WT were lower than those of Nii3‐WT. However, the kcat/Km of Nii4‐WT was about 1.4 times higher than that of Nii3‐WT. A comparison of the kinetics of the Nii3‐Q448K and Nii4‐K449Q variants revealed that the change in kcat/Km was brought about by the difference in Residue 448 (defined as Gln448 in Nii3 and Lys449 in Nii4). By combining detailed crystal structures with enzyme kinetics, we have proposed that Nii3 is the low‐affinity and Nii4 is the high‐affinity aNiR.
Life history parameters and scale‐cover surface area of Aonidiella aurantii are altered in a mating disruption environment: implications for biological control
Authors: Vanaclocha Pilar , Vacas Sandra , Alfaro Cristina , Primo Jaime , Verdú María J , Navarro‐Llopis Vicente , Urbaneja Alberto 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: In recent years, environmentally safe measures to control the California red scale (CRS), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), have been successfully implemented. These measures include mating disruption (MD) and biological control. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of high concentrations of the CRS sex pheromone on its life history parameters and scale‐cover surface area under controlled laboratory conditions.RESULTS: The developmental time of both males and females of CRS increased with exposure to airborne pheromone. MD had an effect on both the total number of progeny and on the crawler production period for females. Accordingly, demographic parameters such as net fecundity (R0) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were significantly lower in the pheromone‐treated populations. The largest scale‐cover surface areas were observed in the CRS reared in the pheromone environment.CONCLUSION: A clear influence of airborne pheromone on the biology of CRS has been demonstrated. In addition to the classical mating disruption benefits of this technique, additional benefits, such as increase in the duration of exposure to natural enemies and increase in size, which benefits some species of parasitoids, have been confirmed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
ON THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING CHANNEL MICROFORMS IN GROUNDWATER MODELS OF HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE
Authors: Käser D. H. , Binley A. , Heathwaite A. L. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe infiltration of stream water in the sediment and its return to the stream—a process known here as hyporheic exchange flows (HEF)—is a critical control of the structure and functions of the stream ecosystem. River restoration programmes will increasingly require quantitative methods for evaluating this influence. Previous studies have already shown the potential of numerical groundwater models to characterize HEF and compare restoration scenarios. Although various sources of uncertainty are acknowledged, the potential effect of small streambed structures (or microforms), such as grains or ripples, embedded in channel‐unit scale structures (or macroforms), such as riffle‐pool sequences, is commonly ignored. Here, a simple conceptualization through a 2‐D vertical model is used to test whether (i) ignoring microforms in groundwater models at the macroform scale can impact estimations of residence times; (ii) microforms can influence HEF patterns driven by macroforms; and conversely (iii) the uncertainty of head measurements in stream piezometers can affect our understanding of HEF patterns. Results show that (i) residence times and flux estimations can be strongly affected by the modeller's choice to represent microform‐induced HEF or not; (ii) the interaction of the microform and macroform scales can induce various subsurface flow patterns; and (iii) the perceived significance of microform‐induced HEF is highly sensitive to the uncertainty of in‐stream measurements of subsurface heads. Little is known about the relative efficiency of these microform and macroform scales, which are effectively influencing exchange at different depths and interacting with each other. Future studies that consider biogeochemical cycling or streambed ecology should be placed in this context. It is also necessary to find ways of including this source of uncertainty in groundwater models of HEF. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
USING LOW‐COST SIDE‐SCAN SONAR FOR BENTHIC MAPPING THROUGHOUT THE LOWER FLINT RIVER, GEORGIA, USA
Authors: Kaeser Adam J. , Litts Thomas L. , Tracy T. Wesley 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAn efficient, low‐cost approach for mapping habitat features in navigable streams is needed to support the research and management of aquatic ecosystems at the landscape level. We developed a method that uses high‐resolution (455 kHz) side‐scan sonar imagery obtained with the inexpensive (~$2000) Humminbird® Side Imaging system and ArcGIS to produce sonar image maps (SIMs) used to interpret and map habitat features such as substrates and large woody debris, in addition to continuously recording depth along the survey route. This method was recently demonstrated and evaluated in several small streams in southwestern Georgia (30–50 m width, 40 km mapped). To evaluate the feasibility of this method for mapping substrate and depth in larger rivers and over greater spatial extents, we conducted a sonar survey and generated SIMs for 124 km of the lower Flint River (85–140 m width). We interpreted the SIMs to digitize and classify substrate and bank boundaries. To assess classification accuracy, we visually inspected substrate at randomly assigned reference locations. A comparison of reference and map data revealed an overall classification accuracy of 84%. These results were consistent with previous findings and indicate that low‐cost side‐scan sonar is also an effective mapping tool for larger rivers. The sonar survey did, however, result in more missing and unsure substrate data and a lower map accuracy for fine‐textured substrates than previously achieved when mapping smaller streams. We found a strong, positive relationship (r2 = 0.89) between the sonar range and the proportion of unsure substrate in the map, suggesting that a multi‐pass, parallel‐transect sonar survey could be used to maintain high‐image resolution when stream widths exceed 100 m and/or obstructions, such as islands, are encountered. Applications for sonar‐based habitat maps are widespread and numerous. The ability to produce these maps efficiently at low‐cost is within the grasp of researchers and managers alike. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RESERVOIR COMPENSATION RELEASES: IMPACT ON THE MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY OF THE DERWENT RIVER, NORTHUMBERLAND, UK—A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: Maynard Carly M. , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTRiver regulation for the purposes of public water supply causes the flow regime downstream of a dam to change. Traditionally, in the UK, such regulation was accompanied by requirements for reservoir releases to compensate downstream water users (e.g. industry) for the loss of natural flow (compensation flows). In this article, we compare a unique pre‐impoundment macroinvertebrate data set for a regulated upland river with survey data post‐impoundment. This allows a longitudinal assessment of the response of the system to regulation. The Derwent River, Northumberland, was impounded in 1966. Impacts on the hydrological regime were quantified by comparing long‐term hydrographs, flow duration curves, flow ranges and flashiness indices for the pre‐impoundment and post‐impoundment periods. The comparison of changes in macroinvertebrate richness and diversity post‐impoundment showed that the change in flow regime has had limited effect on the ecological community structure. The flow regime of the Derwent River has become less flashy with fewer extreme events, and the richness and the diversity of macroinvertebrates have, in some cases, increased and at worst have not deteriorated. We suggest that this reflects the strict compensation regime, which has guaranteed minimum flows at all times. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foreign IPO capital market choice: Understanding the institutional fit of corporate governance
Authors: Moore Curt B. , Bell R. Greg , Filatotchev Igor , Rasheed Abdul A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWhile product market choices have been central to strategy formulation for firms in the past, the integration of financial markets makes the choice of capital markets an equally important strategic decision. We advance a comparative institutional perspective to explain capital market choice by firms making an IPO in a foreign market. We find that internal governance characteristics (founder‐CEO, executive incentives, and board independence) and external network characteristics (prestigious underwriters, degree of venture capitalist syndication, and board interlocks) are significant predictors of foreign capital market choice by foreign IPO firms. Our results suggest foreign IPO firms select a host market where the firms' governance characteristics and third party affiliations fit the host market's institutional environment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.