bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin attenuates ovarian cancer cell growth in an AMP‐kinase dispensable manner
Authors: Rattan R. , Giri S. , Hartmann L.C. , Shridhar V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMetformin, the most widely used drug for type 2 diabetes activates 59 adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates cellular energy metabolism. Here, we report that ovarian cell lines VOSE, A2780, CP70, C200, OV202, OVCAR3, SKOV3ip, PE01 and PE04 predominantly express ‐α1, ‐β1, ‐γ1 and ‐γ2 isoforms of AMPK subunits. Our studies show that metformin treatment (1) significantly inhibited proliferation of diverse chemo‐responsive and ‐resistant ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, CP70, C200, OV202, OVCAR3, SKVO3ip, PE01 and PE04), (2) caused cell cycle arrest accompanied by decreased cyclin D1 and increased p21 protein expression, (3) activated AMPK in various ovarian cancer cell lines as evident from increased phosphorylation of AMPKα and its downstream substrate; acetyl co‐carboxylase (ACC) and enhanced β‐oxidation of fatty acid and (4) attenuated mTOR‐S6RP phosphorylation, inhibited protein translational and lipid biosynthetic pathways, thus implicating metformin as a growth inhibitor of ovarian cancer cells. We also show that metformin‐mediated effect on AMPK is dependent on liver kinase B1 (LKB1) as it failed to activate AMPK‐ACC pathway and cell cycle arrest in LKB1 null mouse embryo fibroblasts (mefs). This observation was further supported by using siRNA approach to down‐regulate LKB1 in ovarian cancer cells. In contrast, met formin inhibited cell proliferation in both wild‐type and AMPKα1/2 null mefs as well as in AMPK silenced ovarian cancer cells. Collectively, these results provide evidence on the role of metformin as an anti‐proliferative therapeutic that can act through both AMPK‐dependent as well as AMPK‐independent pathways.
Involvement of neuropeptide Y and its Y1 and Y5 receptors in maintaining self‐renewal and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Son Mi‐Young , Kim Min‐Jeong , Yu Kweon , Koo Deog‐Bon , Cho Yee Sook 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors are widely expressed in various organs and cell types and have been shown to have pleiotropic functions. However, their presence or role in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remains unknown. We now show that undifferentiated hESCs primarily express NPY and its Y1 and Y5 receptors. Inhibition of NPY signalling using either the selective NPY Y1 or Y5 receptor antagonist reduces the maintenance of self‐renewal and proliferation of undifferentiated hESCs. We also provide compelling evidence that exogenous NPY supports the long‐term growth of undifferentiated hESCs in the absence of feeder cell factors using only knockout serum replacement media. Further, NPY facilitates the use of chemically defined medium made up of N2/B27 supplement and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for hESC feeder‐free culture. Our results indicate that both Y1 and Y5 receptors appear to be involved in the NPY‐mediated activation of AKT/protein kinase B and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in hESCs. Notably, only Y1 receptor, but not Y5 receptor, is responsible for the NPY‐induced activation of cAMP‐response element binding (CREB) in hESCs. These results provide the first evidence that NPY and its Y1 and Y5 receptors have potential role in maintaining hESC self‐renewal and pluripotency. We demonstrate the underlying importance of NPY signalling and its usefulness in the development of a defined and xeno‐free culture condition for the large‐scale propagation of undifferentiated hESCs.
Semipermeable glove membranes–effects on skin barrier repair following SLS irritation
Authors: Bock Meike , Damer Klaus , Wulfhorst Britta , John Swen Malte 
Published: October 2009

Background: Transepidermal water flux is the regulatory signal for barrier regeneration.Objective: In this study, we evaluated the impact of glove membranes, which provide a partial barrier and different water loss rates, on barrier recovery after standardized irritation with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).Methods: Twenty‐five healthy volunteers were irritated for 24 hr with SLS 1%. Four test areas were marked on clinically normal skin on the upper back. Barrier repair under consecutive dressing with semipermeable membranes (GoreTex®, Sympatex®), an occlusive membrane (Meditrate Vinyl®), and in an uncovered control area were evaluated by measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema (a*).Results: Areas semipermeably covered showed an enhanced barrier recovery and a reduced inflammatory response compared to the area under occlusion and the control. During healing process, TEWL (P < 0.01) and a* (P < 0.001) values were significantly lower in areas semipermeably covered than in the vinyl covered area and in the control.Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that semipermeable materials improve barrier recovery rates by providing an optimized water vapour gradient during the healing process. This underlines the unique benefit of semipermeable gloves in the prevention of occupational skin disease: (i) by minimizing glove‐induced irritation and (ii) by enhancing barrier recovery through protective glove materials at the work place in cases of pre‐existing minor irritant dermatitis.
Nickel allergy in patch‐tested female hairdressers and assessment of nickel release from hairdressers' scissors and crochet hooks
Authors: Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan , Milting Kristina , Bregnhøj Anne , Søsted Heidi , Duus Johansen Jeanne , Menné Torkil 
Published: October 2009

Background: Hand eczema as well as nickel contact allergy is prevalent among hairdressers. Recently, two female hairdressers were diagnosed with nickel contact allergy‐related hand eczema following prolonged skin contact with scissors and crochet hooks used during work.Objectives: To determine the proportion of hairdressers' scissors and crochet hooks that released an excessive amount of nickel and to determine the prevalence of nickel allergy among patch‐tested female hairdressers.Materials: Random hairdressers' stores in Copenhagen were visited. The dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test was used to assess excessive nickel release. The prevalence of nickel allergy among female hairdressers from the database at Gentofte Hospital was compared with the prevalence of nickel allergy among other consecutively patch‐tested dermatitis patients.Results: DMG testing showed that 1 (0.5%; 95% CI = 0 − 2.0) of 200 pairs of scissors and 7 (53.8%; 95% CI = 26.0 − 82.0) of 13 crochet hooks released an excessive amount of nickel. The prevalence of nickel allergy was higher among middle‐aged and older female hairdressers than among young female hairdressers.Conclusions: The prevalence of nickel allergy was lower among young hairdressers in comparison to older hairdressers. This may possibly be a result of the European Union (EU) Nickel Directive or a consequence of a decreased use of nickel‐releasing work tools in salons. When nickel allergic hairdressers present with hand eczema, their work tools should be investigated for nickel release.
The importance of propolis in patch testing–a multicentre survey
Authors: Rajpara Sanjay , Wilkinson Mark S. , King Claudah M. , Gawkrodger David J. , English John S. C. , Statham Barry N. , Green Cathy , Sansom Jane E. , Chowdhury Mabs M. U. , Horne Helen L. , Ormerod Anthony D. 
Published: October 2009

Background: Propolis is widely used in ‘natural’ cosmetics, remedies, and over‐the‐counter products. The incidence of propolis allergy is increasing, and cross‐reaction with fragrance mix I (FMII), colophonium, and Myroxylon pereirae can occur.Objectives: To find out the prevalence and clinical relevance of positive patch tests to propolis and assess cross‐reactions with Myroxylon pereirae, colophonium, FMI, and beeswax.Methods: Two thousand eight hundred and twenty‐eight subjects in 10 UK centres were patch tested with propolis and beeswax. Generic data were acquired from British Contact Dermatology Society (BCDS) database and further relevant information was requested by survey of participating centres.Results: The prevalence of propolis allergy was 1.9% (55/2828). Out of these 55 subjects, only 4 (7.2%) were allergic to beeswax, 22 (40%) to Myroxylon pereirae, 15 (27.2%) to colophonium, and 6 (10.9%) to FMI. Additional data for 41 propolis allergic subjects were collected by questionnaire. Hands were the most common sites of involvement, and cosmetics were the most common source of contact. Eight out of 12 subjects reported improvement in eczema following avoidance of propolis.Conclusions: Propolis is an important allergen of increasing frequency and its inclusion in BCDS baseline series is appropriate. Cross‐sensitivity to beeswax is rare.
Contact sensitisation in hand eczema patients–relation to subdiagnosis, severity and quality of life: a multi‐centre study
Authors: Agner Tove , Andersen Klaus Ejner , Brandao Francisco M. , Bruynzeel Derk P. , Bruze Magnus , Frosch Peter , Gonçalo Margarida , Goossens An , Le coz Christophe J. , Rustemeyer Thomas , White Ian R. , Diepgen Thomas ,   on behalf of the EECDRG
Published: October 2009

Background: Contact sensitisation has been identified as a factor associated with poor prognosis for patients with hand eczema.Objectives: To study implications of contact sensitisation with respect to severity, quality of life (QoL) and subdiagnosis of hand eczema.Methods: The study was performed as a multi‐centre, cross‐sectional study from 10 European clinics. All patients were patch tested, and severity of hand eczema assessed by Hand Eczema Severity Index. A multi‐variate analysis was performed to explore which factors influenced severity, QoL and sick leave.Results: A total 416 patients were included, and 63% had contact sensitisation to one or more of the tested allergens. More women (66%) than men (51%) were sensitized. No significant association was found between sensitisation to specific allergens, disease severity, QoL or diagnostic subgroups. High age, male sex, atopic eczema and presence of contact sensitisation were independent risk factors for increased severity as measured by Hand Eczema Severity Index. Furthermore, the severity of hand eczema increased by the number of contact sensitisations detected (P = 0.023). High age and personal history of atopic eczema were independent risk factors for low QoL, as measured by Dermatology Life Quality Index, and atopic eczema as well as allergic contact dermatitis as subdiagnosis was associated with increased sick leave.Conclusion: Diagnostic subgroups were not found to be related to specific allergens. Contact sensitisation was found to be a risk factor for increased severity of hand eczema, as did high age, male sex and atopic eczema.
Validity of BMI based on self‐reported weight and height in adolescents
Authors: Fonseca H , Silva AM , Matos MG , Esteves I , Costa P , Guerra A , Gomes‐Pedro J 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  To assess in a subset of a nationally representative sample of Portuguese adolescents, the validity of Body Mass Index (BMI) based on self‐reported weight and height.Methods:  This study included 462 students in grades 6, 8 and 10 (mean age 14.0 ± 1.9 years) from 12 public schools randomly selected from the list of schools which took part in the 2006 Health Behaviour in School Aged Children Portuguese survey, corresponding to approximately 10% of the sample. Self‐reported weight and height were recorded and then measured.Results:  Prevalence of normal weight, overweight and obesity based on self‐report compared with that of measured values was not significantly different for boys and girls, and among age groups. BMI based on measured weight and height was underestimated compared with BMI based on self‐reported data, both among girls and boys. Larger limits of agreement were found for boys, indicating a higher variability of self‐reported BMI in estimating measured BMI, specifically below the age of 14 years.Conclusion:  These data suggest that BMI based on self‐reported weight and height is not accurate for BMI prediction at an individual level. However, self‐reported BMI may be used as a simple and valid tool for BMI estimates of overweight and obesity in epidemiological studies.
New insights into the development of retinopathy of prematurity – importance of early weight gain
Authors: Hellström A , Ley D , Hansen‐Pupp I , Niklasson A , Smith L , Löfqvist C , Hård A‐L 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEvidence is accumulating that one of the strongest predictors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), in addition to low gestational age, is poor weight gain during the first weeks of life. In infants born preterm, the retina is not fully vascularised. The more premature the child, the larger is the avascular area. In response to hypoxia, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is secreted. For appropriate VEGF‐induced vessel growth, sufficient levels of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) in serum are necessary. IGF‐I is a peptide, related to nutrition supply, which is essential for both pre‐ and post‐natal general growth as well as for growth of the retinal vasculature. In prematurely born infants, serum levels are closely related to gestational age and are lower in more prematurely born infants. At preterm birth the placental supply of nutrients is lost, growth factors are suddenly reduced and general as well as vascular growth slows down or ceases. In addition, the relative hyperoxia of the extra‐uterine milieu, together with supplemental oxygen, causes a regression of already developed retinal vessels. Postnatal growth retardation is a major problem in very preterm infants. Both poor early weight gain and low serum levels of IGF‐I during the first weeks/months of life have been found to be correlated with severity of ROP.Conclusion: This review will focus on the mechanisms leading to ROP by exploring factors responsible for poor early weight gain and abnormal vascularisation of the eye of the preterm infant.
De novo synthesis, uptake and proteolytic processing of lipocalin‐type prostaglandin D synthase, β‐trace, in the kidneys
Authors: Nagata Nanae , Fujimori Ko , Okazaki Issey , Oda Hiroshi , Eguchi Naomi , Uehara Yoshio , Urade Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2009

Lipocalin‐type prostaglandin D synthase (L‐PGDS) is a multifunctional protein that produces prostaglandin D2 and binds and transports various lipophilic substances after secretion into various body fluids as β‐trace. L‐PGDS has been proposed to be a useful diagnostic marker for renal injury associated with diabetes or hypertension, because the urinary and plasma concentrations are increased in patients with these diseases. However, it remains unclear whether urinary L‐PGDS is synthesized de novo in the kidney or taken up from the blood circulation. In crude extracts of monkey kidney and human urine, we found L‐PGDS with its original N‐terminal sequence starting from Ala23 after the signal sequence, and also its N‐terminal‐truncated products starting from Gln31 and Phe34. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody 5C11, which recognized the amino‐terminal Ala23–Val28 loop of L‐PGDS, revealed that both the mRNA and the intact form of L‐PGDS were localized in the cells of Henle’s loop and the glomeruli of the kidney, indicating that L‐PGDS is synthesized de novo in these tissues. However, truncated forms of L‐PGDS were found in the lysosomes of tubular cells, as visualized by immunostaining with 10A5, another monoclonal antibody, which recognized the three‐turn α‐helix between Arg156 and Thr173. These results suggest that L‐PGDS is taken up by tubular cells and actively degraded within their lysosomes to produce the N‐terminal‐truncated form.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7266187: L‐PGDS (uniprotkb:P41222) and Cathepsin D (uniprotkb:Q4R4P0) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
MINT‐7266176: L‐PGDS (uniprotkb:P41222) and Cathepsin B (uniprotkb:Q4R5M2) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
Treatment of Premature Ejaculation in the Asia-Pacific Region: Results from a Phase III Double-blind, Parallel-group Study of Dapoxetine
Authors: McMahon Chris , Kim Sae Woong , Park Nam Cheol , Chang Chin-pao , Rivas David , Tesfaye Fisseha , Rothman Margaret , Aquilina Joseph 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dapoxetine is a short-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that was recently approved for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation (PE).

Aim
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapoxetine 30 mg and 60 mg on demand (prn) in men with PE from the Asia-Pacific region.

Methods
This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial enrolled men who were 18 years or older; in a monogamous, heterosexual relationship for at least 6 months; met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision, criteria for PE for at least 6 months; and had an intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) of 2 minutes or less in at least 75% of sexual intercourse episodes. Subjects received placebo, dapoxetine 30 mg, or dapoxetine 60 mg prn (1–3 hours before intercourse) for 12 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Stopwatch-measured Average IELT, the Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) of change in PE, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Results
Of the 1,067 subjects randomized, 858 completed the study. Mean Average IELT increased from approximately 1.1 minutes at baseline (across groups) to 2.4, 3.9, and 4.2 minutes with placebo, dapoxetine 30 mg, and dapoxetine 60 mg, respectively, and geometric mean Average IELT increased from approximately 0.9 minutes at baseline (across groups) to 1.8, 2.7, and 3.1 minutes, respectively (fold-increases of 2.0, 2.8, and 3.3, respectively). All PEP measures and the CGI of change were significantly improved with dapoxetine vs. placebo at study endpoint (P ≤ 0.005 for all). The most common TEAEs with dapoxetine included nausea, dizziness, somnolence, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and nasopharyngitis; TEAEs led to discontinuation in 0.3%, 1.7%, and 5.1% of subjects with placebo, dapoxetine 30 mg, and dapoxetine 60 mg, respectively.

Conclusions
Dapoxetine treatment significantly prolonged IELT and improved PEP measures and was generally well tolerated in men with PE in the Asia-Pacific region.
SOLID LOSS DURING WATER ABSORPTION OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)
Authors: SAYAR SEDAT , TURHAN MAHİR , KÖKSEL HAMİT 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Soluble solid leached out during soaking and cooking of food legumes generally decreases the overall quality of the final products. Solid loss behavior of whole chickpea during soaking and cooking in water was investigated at 20, 30, 50, 70, 85 and 100C. The amount of solid loss and its rate increased with increasing temperature, and the former was 2.3% at 20C and 10.2% at 100C at the end of the process. Carbohydrates and proteins composed of 80–91% of the solid lost. A zeroth‐order kinetic model fit the solid loss data. The solid loss rate constant (kds) increased with temperature, and it was 4.7 × 10−5/s at 20C and 240.3 × 10−5/s at 100C. Effect of temperature on kds was determined using an Arrhenius‐type equation. The Arrhenius plot exhibited two linear lines crossing at the gelatinization temperature (61C) of the whole chickpea. The activation energy was determined to be 59.5 and 22.6 kJ/g/mol above and below the gelatinization temperature, respectively.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSoaking and cooking are the two main steps during processing of chickpea. Soluble solid loss into the soaking or cooking water generally decreases the nutritional and economic value of the final product and it is one of the quality indicators of the dry, soaked and soaked/cooked legumes. In the current study, soluble solid loss from whole chickpea seeds during soaking and cooking in water were studied as a function of time and temperature. Results from the current study can be useful in designing the process parameters of soaking and cooking and for the evaluation of the quality of dry or processed whole chickpea.
CLARIFICATION AND GELATION OF A MINIMALLY HEATED ORANGE JUICE CONCENTRATE DURING ITS REFRIGERATED STORAGE
Authors: GÓMEZ JULIÁN ANDRÉS , TÁRREGA AMPARO , BAYARRI SARA , CARBONELL JOSE VICENTE 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT The refrigerated storage of orange concentrates low in pulp content could be an interesting procedure of preservation of concentrates not submitted to high temperature treatments. Orange concentrate of 42°Brix with low pulp content, treated at a very low temperature (60C for 15 s) to avoid microbial spoilage, was stored for 6 months at 3C. The losses of cloudiness during the storage were higher than that of the single strength juice also treated at 60C for 15 s. Gelation of concentrate was detected initially, being the storage modulus higher than the loss modulus at the end of the first month of storage. In any case, the degree of gelation observed after 6 months was far from the substandard quality, according to Florida Statutes. The clarification of this orange concentrate is the factor limiting of its shelf life. Consequently, experiences using heat treatments slightly higher must be planned to delay the loss of cloudiness. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCitrus juice industries use to store concentrates of different characteristics (color, °Brix/acid ratio) that are later blended in proper proportions to obtain final products with uniform characteristics. Refrigerated concentrates are easily handled but pectin methylesterase (PME) activity can damage them and, thus, frozen storage is preferred.As PME is associated with cell walls, its activity should be reduced by removing part of the pulp. This paper analyzes the effect of the residual PME activity on colloidal stability of low pulp content concentrates measured by the losses of turbidity and the changes in rheological properties.
APPLYING OF NEURAL NETWORK ON THE WINE SENSORIAL ANALYSIS FROM BARBADOS CHERRY
Authors: SANTANA JOSÉ CARLOS CURVELO , DIAS CLEBER GUSTAVO , DE SOUZA ROBERTO RODRIGUES , TAMBOURGI ELIAS BASILE 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT This paper presents an approach of artificial neural networks to predict the sensorial qualities of wines. A Kohonen network has been used as a software tool in order to increase the human skills in this kind of application. An initial prototype was implemented using the artificial neural networks technology, together with the Visual Basic software from Microsoft, for evaluation of sensorial qualities of seven samples of Barbados cherry (Malpighia glabra L.) wine. Fifty consumers chosen, perhaps, had been used to obtain the sensorial data using a hedonic scale of 1–9 times. Sensorial values of flavor, aroma and appearance obtained of the hedonic dating were compared. The characteristics of wine, such as flavor and color, were similar to the Barbados cherry fresh fruit. The consumers evaluated the wines as very good; all sensorial qualities were more than 5 in hedonic scale. Results showed that Kohonen network classified the Barbados cherry wines in a distinct group, for frequency among their sensorial responses. Kohonen network results were similar or better than statistical classification; this shows that the use of Kohonen algorithm in the sensorial analysis of wines is valid. Kohonenalgorithm is very good in clustering of Barbados cherry wine samples, and its uses in sensorial analyses of wines is promising.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results of this work have practical uses in fruit wine production of Barbados cherry and in sample selections by sensorial analysis. Thus, it shows the optimal conditions to produce the Barbados cherry wine, and the effects of fruit pulp mass and sugar content on the sensorial qualities of wines had been evaluated. A visual basic program had been elaborated, in this work, by Kohonen neural network algorithm, which will be a powerful tool for taking of decision in sensorial analyses of beverages, foods and too much products that use the sensorial methods to make the comparison between them.