bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative survival and recovery of Ross's and lesser snow geese from Canada's central arctic
Authors: Traylor Joshua J. , Alisauskas Ray T. , Slattery Stuart M. , Drake Kiel L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLarge increases in several populations of North American arctic geese have resulted in ecosystem‐level effects from associated herbivory. Consequently, some breeding populations have shown density dependence in recruitment through declines in food availability. Differences in population trajectories of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter snow geese) and Ross's geese (C. rossii) breeding in mixed‐species colonies south of Queen Maud Gulf (QMG), in Canada's central arctic, suggest that density dependence may be limiting snow goose populations. Specifically, long‐term declines in age ratios (immature:adult) of harvested snow geese may have resulted from declines in juvenile survival. Thus, we focused on juvenile (first‐year) survival of snow and Ross's geese in relation to timing of reproduction (annual mean nest initiation date) and late summer weather. We banded Ross's and snow geese from 1991 to 2008 in the QMG Migratory Bird Sanctuary. We used age‐structured mark‐recapture models to estimate annual survival rates for adults and juveniles from recoveries of dead birds. Consistent with life history differences, juvenile snow geese survived at rates higher than juvenile Ross's geese. Juvenile survival of both species also was lower in late seasons, but was unrelated to arctic weather measured during a 17‐day period after banding. We found no evidence of density dependence (i.e., a decline in juvenile survival over time) in either species. We also found no interspecific differences in age‐specific hunting vulnerability, though juveniles were more vulnerable than adults in both species, as expected. Thus, interspecific differences in survival were unrelated to harvest. Lower survival of juvenile Ross's geese may result from natural migration mortality related to smaller body size (e.g., greater susceptibility to inclement weather or predation) compared to juvenile snow geese. Despite lower first‐year survival, recruitment by Ross's geese may still be greater than that by snow geese because of earlier sexual maturity, greater breeding propensity, and higher nest success by Ross's geese. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in negative‐ion liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Niessen W.M.A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNegative‐ion LC–MS analysis of drugs is applied far less frequently than positive‐ion LC–MS. Data on the interpretation of negative‐ion MS–MS spectra are even more scarce. Therefore, following the recent review on the class‐specific fragmentation of toxicologically relevant compounds in positive‐ion MS–MS, it was decided to perform a similar study in negative‐ion MS–MS. To this end, a set of over 500 negative‐ion MS–MS spectra was collected from three libraries applied in toxicological general unknown screening and systematic toxicological analysis. The compounds involved were classified by chemical and therapeutic class. The MS–MS spectra were manually interpreted and relevant interpretation data were searched for in the scientific literature. The emphasis in the discussion is on class‐specific fragmentation, because discussing fragmentation of all individual compounds would take far too much space. Negative‐ion MS–MS fragmentation is discussed for a wide variety of toxicologically relevant compounds, including dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, barbiturates, anti‐inflammatory drugs, anti‐diabetics, sulfonamide and betalactam antibiotics, and a number of classes of pesticides. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 31:626–665, 2012
Modeling of Low Concentrations of Reactive Species in Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Szymanski Ryszard , Sosnowski Stanislaw 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new method for determination of contributions of species present in low concentration in kinetic Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of chemical processes is proposed. It allows, for instance, to calculate of exact concentrations when species being of interest appear in MC experiments only for short time intervals. The method is based on monitoring of the cumulative life‐time of the investigated species under consideration as a function of the reaction time and subsequent differentiation of the resulting curve. It is especially useful for determination of distributions of low‐concentration active propagation species in radical polymerizations, both free and controlled ones. The method enables to reduce significantly a simulation scale required for determination of the concentrations of investigated species.magnified image
Controlling Polyolefin Properties by In‐Reactor Blending, 1–Polymerization Process, Precise Kinetics, and Molecular Properties of UHMW‐PE Polymers
Authors: Ruff Martin , Paulik Christian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA multipurpose reactor setup for catalytic slurry ethylene polymerization is presented. With the developed multi‐stage polymerization (MSP) method the production of polyolefin in‐reactor blends is accessible. Precisely controlled polymerizations are executed at isothermal, isobaric, and isoperibolic steady state conditions in a dynamic power compensated reactor. The described system realizes fast (<10 s) and constant temperature control (±0.1 K), applying electrical heat compensation in combination with mass flow technique. Single‐ and MSP with a highly active ZN‐catalyst are applied to produce uni‐ and bimodal polyethylenes with controlled fractions of molecular weight (UHMW and medium‐MW PE). Polymerization kinetics and molecular weights (IV, GPC) are presented. magnified image
Stability of earth slopes. Part I: two‐dimensional analysis in closed‐form
Authors: Pantelidis Lysandros , Griffiths D. V. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYA closed‐form solution (CFS) satisfying both equilibrium of moments and forces for the stability analysis of earth slopes in 2D is proposed. The sliding surface is assumed circular and treated as a rigid body, allowing the internal state of stress to be ignored. The proposed solution can be applied to both homogenous and non‐homogenous slopes of either simple or complex geometry, and can also deal with any kind of additional loading. The method is based on the fact that, all possible forces acting on the slope can be projected onto the failure surface where they are broken into driving and resisting ones. Comparison of the safety factors obtained by the proposed CFS and those obtained by traditional limit equilibrium methods, as applied to several test examples, indicates that the proposed method is more conservative, whereas moreover, it gives a more realistic point of view for the formation of tension crack in slopes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palaeolithic Human Subsistence in Mount Carmel (Israel). A Taphonomic Assessment of Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic Faunal Remains from Tabun, Skhul and el‐Wad
Authors: Marín‐Arroyo A. B. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTDetailed archaeozoological studies of Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic (250–40 kya) faunal assemblages from Tabun, Skhul and el‐Wad caves, located in Mount Carmel (Israel), are presented here, expanding on the previous palaeontological analyses carried out by Garrod and Bate in the 1930´s and by Garrard five decades later. Despite the well‐known excavation bias of the older excavations, this study makes greater use of modern taphonomic techniques and statistical procedures, providing new palaeoeconomic insights into the subsistence behaviour of modern humans, Neanderthals and their predecessors in the Levant. The results show that anatomically modern humans (AMH) were more efficient at hunting and foraging in terms of human mobility as well as an incipient prey specialisation. In addition, different uses of the Tabun cave through time have been identified. Tabun B, initially considered as a palaeontological accumulation, was also occasionally accessed by Neanderthals in order to exploit naturally trapped ungulates, and there were sporadic and logistic occupations in Tabun D, one of the oldest Middle Palaeolithic assemblages in the area. Contrastingly, Tabun C showed a comparatively more residential use, which coincided with the new mobility capabilities of AMH. Whereas the intensity of human occupation at el‐Wad varied through time, levels G and F showed very brief occupations in comparison with levels D and E, which showed abundant evidence of human activity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytochemical Characterisation of Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Using High‐performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Time‐of‐flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Abu‐Reidah Ibrahim M. , Arráez‐Román David , Lozano‐Sánchez Jesús , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) constitute a major agro‐industrial crop worldwide and involve many bean varieties, the phytochemical composition and how this fluctuates among varieties is not well known.ObjectiveThe purpose of this work was to conduct a comprehensive characterisation of the phytochemical compounds found in three varieties of green bean.MethodologyHydromethanol extracts from green beans were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI–TOF–MS) in order to characterise phytochemical compounds from different varieties of P. vulgaris L. The compounds were characterised based on interpreting their mass spectrum provided by the TOF–MS as well as by comparison with information from the literature (some compounds have been described previously in Fabaceae).ResultsIn this work, 72 phytochemical compounds were tentatively characterised by HPLC–ESI–TOF–MS. These compounds were classified as, 10 phenolic acids, 59 flavonoids, two lignans and an iridoid. Notably, out of the 72 compounds, 54 are new and their isomers have been characterised for the first time in green beans.ConclusionThe phytochemical composition of three different varieties of P. vulgaris L have been characterised using HPLC‐ESI‐TOF‐MS. A total of 72 phytochemical compounds were characterised, 54 being reported in green beans for the first time. Among these were the main flavonoids detected. These results highlight the influence that variety can exert on the quality of phytochemicals. Given that new phytochemical compounds have been characterised, this study offers a useful approach for improving and updating the food‐composition tables. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of psychotropic drugs, systemic antihistamines and medications for cough in 6‐year‐old children: a survey in the Bas‐Rhin Region, France
Authors: Binder‐Foucard Florence , Reitzer Catherine , Jégu Jérémie , Schweitzer Brigitte , Koehl Fabienne , Kopferschmitt Jacques , Velten Michel 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThe use of drugs in France is among the highest in developed countries. Among them, psychotropic medication in children has always been a matter of concern. Furthermore, on the basis of concerns about safety and efficacy, international authorities have either advised against the use of cough and cold medication or considered such an action. This survey aims to assess the prevalence of use of psychotropic drugs, antihistamines and medications for cough as well as parents' knowledge about the drugs used in 2009.MethodsThe study is based on a representative sample of 6‐year‐old children who were in kindergarten in 2009. School physicians asked their parents to answer a standardized questionnaire. Data were collected about the child, his or her family, and the consumption of psychotropic drugs, antihistamines, and medications for cough in the past 12 months. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system was used to classify the drugs used.ResultsThe data from 5707 children were analyzed. The proportion of children who consumed at least one psychotropic drug was 0.68% (ATC code N). Antihistamines for systemic use were by far the most frequently consumed drugs (ATC code R06), with a prevalence of 17.54%. The great majority of antihistamines for systemic use were meant to treat cough, not insomnia or agitation.ConclusionThe use of psychotropic drugs was low in 2009 in the French region of Bas‐Rhin. The promotion of alternatives to antihistamines for systemic use to treat cough should nevertheless be strengthened. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How hydrogen‐bonded MnO4‐can influence oxidation of olefins in both gas phase and solution?
Authors: Javan Marjan Jebeli , Tehrani Zahra Aliakbar , Fattahi Alireza , Hashemi Mohammad Mahmoodi 
Published: July 2012

The reaction pathway (including the transition state) of ethylene addition to permanganate (MnO4‐) in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) has been qualitatively and quantitatively studied by means of B3LYP/6‐311++G** theoretical analysis. Interestingly, by cluster formation of the EG with permanganate, oxidation reaction becomes thermodynamically and kinetically more favorable. The influences of electron‐withdrawing as well as electron‐donating substituents were also explored.Results of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analyses revealed that [3 + 2] addition reaction of alkenes in the presence of EG as hydrogen bonding donor to MnO4‐becomes more exothermic. Natural resonance theory (NRT) is used to calculate natural bond order and bond polarity. The NRT result indicates that the polarity of Mn–O bond is affected by EG coordinated to MnO4‐. Moreover, the conceptual DFT descriptors such as chemical potential (μ), hardness (η) and electrophilicity index (ω) show that hydrogen bonding to permanganate can affect the addition of MnO4‐to double bond in a satisfactory way. We also carried out geometrical optimizations with the polarizable continuum model to account for the solvent effect, and the results were compared with those in the gas phase. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual and family characteristics associated with BRCA1/2 genetic testing in high‐risk families
Authors: Katapodi Maria C. , Northouse Laurel L. , Milliron Kara J. , Liu Guipeng , Merajver Sofia D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about family members' interrelated decisions to seek genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility.MethodsThe specific aims of this cross‐sectional, descriptive, cohort study were (i) to examine whether individual and family characteristics have a direct effect on women's decisions to use genetic testing for hereditary susceptibility to breast cancer and (ii) to explore whether family characteristics moderate the relationships between individual characteristics and the decision to use genetic testing. Participants were women (>18 years old) who (i) received genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer and who agreed to invite one of their female relatives into the study and (ii) female relatives who had NOT obtained genetic testing and were identified by pedigree analysis as having >10% chances of hereditary susceptibility to breast cancer.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 168 English‐speaking, family dyads who completed self‐administered, mailed surveys with validated instruments. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses showed that the proposed model explained 62% of the variance in genetic testing. The factors most significantly associated with genetic testing were having a personal history of cancer; perceiving genetic testing to have more benefits than barriers; having greater family hardiness; and perceiving fewer negative consequences associated with a breast cancer diagnosis. No significant interaction effects were observed.ConclusionsFindings suggest that both individual and family characteristics are associated with the decision to obtain genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer; hence, there is a need for interventions that foster a supportive family environment for patients and their high‐risk relatives. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive influences as mediators of family and peer support for pediatric cancer survivors' physical activity
Authors: Gilliam Margaux B. , Madan‐Swain Avi , Whelan Kimberly , Tucker Diane C. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Schwebel David C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the extent to which self‐efficacy mediates the relations between social support and childhood cancer survivors' physical activity (PA).MethodsA structured telephone survey was conducted with 105 childhood cancer survivors aged 8–16 years. Participants completed measures assessing their PA as well as proposed predictors of PA including various demographic, medical, cognitive, and social influences. Multiple mediation analyses were utilized to evaluate the relations between social support, cognitive influences, and survivor PA.ResultsCognitive influences, including perceived benefits, barriers, and self‐efficacy for PA, partially mediated the influence of family and peer support on survivor PA. Self‐efficacy emerged as a significant unique mediator, indicating that higher levels of family and peer support are associated with higher levels of survivor PA via increases in survivor self‐efficacy.ConclusionsSocial support has both direct and indirect influences on survivor PA. Indirectly, social support influences PA via survivor self‐efficacy. Interventions should target family and peer support as well as self‐efficacy to increase survivor PA. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helium/H2O2 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma‐Assisted Electrosurgery
Authors: Choi Myeong Yeol , Koo Il Gyo , Kim Paul Y. , Kang Sung Kil , Kim Yoon‐Sun , Jung Jae‐Chul , Collins George J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractElectrosurgery (ES) is widely used by surgeons to dissect tissue and control bleeding. Electrosurgical devices achieve these effects through resistive heating of tissue that vaporizes cellular fluid to rupture cells and denatures proteins to produce a hemostatic coagulum. In this paper, the powered electrode of a 13.56 MHz atmospheric pressure plasma jet was employed in contact with tissue samples to vaporize or ablate tissue. In effect, monopolar ES was combined with plasma. We report both significantly higher tissue removal rate and lower electrical current flow through the tissue sample with plasma‐assisted ablation compared to conventional electrosurgical ablation at the same generator output power. magnified image
Engineers need RUDENESS: An extension of trevor Kletz's approach to accident investigations
Authors: Ferjencik Milos 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTrevor Kletz belongs to the pioneers in root cause analysis of accidents. This article summarizes Kletz's approach to accident investigations, and it points out that his approach has some gaps that sometimes need to be addressed. These gaps seem to be related to certain assumptions taken for granted by Kletz but not always fulfilled in the real world. In general, Kletz assumes that professionals and leaders are honest and responsible. In fact, Kletz deliberately strives to avoid “blaming.” Therefore, Kletz gives no guidance of what to do when leaders' negligence contributes to an accident.This article expands the Kletz approach to include this aspect of process safety. Two acronyms are used to describe the difference between the Kletzian (more ideal) and non‐Kletzian world. The engineering approach that follows Mr. Kletz's vision is depicted by the word RUDE, where R is for Reliable equipment—the need for engineers to provide R; U is for Understanding it—the need for engineers to understand the properties, hazards, and correct use of equipment; D is for Disciplined personnel—the need for leadership to select and support D, E is for Empathy—the need for leaders to recognize the deficiencies and incompetence of their employees.An expanded approach is depicted by the word RUDENESS, where NE is for Navigators in Ethics—the need for the leaders of society to act as role models and stress ethic fundamentals of process safety, and SS is for a Safety‐demanding Society—the need for both government and the governed to place a high priority on safety performance with appropriate laws and standards. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
WAMbot: Team MAGICian's entry to the Multi Autonomous Ground‐robotic International Challenge 2010
Authors: Boeing Adrian , Boulton Mark , Bräunl Thomas , Frisch Brian , Lopes Sam , Morgan Aidan , Ophelders Frank , Pangeni Sushil , Reid Robert , Vinsen Kevin , Garel Nicolas , Lee Chang Su , Masek Martin , Attwood Anthony , Fazio Michael , Gandossi Adam 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article describes “WAMbot,'' an autonomous unmanned ground vehicle and the Team MAGICian solution to the 2010 Multi Autonomous Ground‐robotic International Challenge (MAGIC). The system architecture, hardware, sensing, planning, navigation, mapping systems, and user interface were specifically designed to address the demands of the large‐scale distributed reconnaissance and surveillance task presented in the challenge. The resulting system was selected as a finalist and ultimately placed 4th in MAGIC 2010. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple tests of cost‐effectiveness angles
Authors: Gutjahr G. , Brannath W. 
Published: July 2012

Cost‐effectiveness angles are an attractive measure of performance when comparing effects and costs of health‐care therapies because they have a clear interpretation and are well suited for statistical inference. In clinical trials, a common setup is the comparison of multiple new therapies with a single control. If cost‐effectiveness angles are calculated for each comparison, multiplicity issues should be taken into account when quantifying uncertainty of the point estimates.Therefore, this paper proposes a parametric test for multiple cost‐effectiveness angles that guarantees strong family‐wise error rate control. The idea is to replace the test ofmcost‐effectiveness angles as a union‐intersection test of3mlinear hypotheses. Considering the correlation structure of the individual test statistics for the linear hypotheses leads to a maximum‐type test for the intersection hypothesis. Inverting these test decisions then gives simultaneous CIs of cost‐effectiveness angles with the appropriate coverage probabilities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein‐Directed Synthesis of NIR‐Emitting, Tunable HgS Quantum Dots and their Applications in Metal‐Ion Sensing
Authors: Goswami Nirmal , Giri Anupam , Kar Shantimoy , Bootharaju Megalamane Siddaramappa , John Robin , Xavier Paulrajpillai Lourdu , Pradeep Thalappil , Pal Samir Kumar 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe development of luminescent mercury sulfide quantum dots (HgS QDs) through the bio‐mineralization process has remained unexplored. Herein, a simple, two‐step route for the synthesis of HgS quantum dots in bovine serum albumin (BSA) is reported. The QDs are characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, luminescence, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), circular dichroism (CD), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), and picosecond‐resolved optical spectroscopy. Formation of various sizes of QDs is observed by modifying the conditions suitably. The QDs also show tunable luminescence over the 680–800 nm spectral regions, with a quantum yield of 4–5%. The as‐prepared QDs can serve as selective sensor materials for Hg(II) and Cu(II), based on selective luminescence quenching. The quenching mechanism is found to be based on Dexter energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer for Hg(II) and Cu(II), respectively. The simple synthesis route of protein‐capped HgS QDs would provide additional impetus to explore applications for these materials.