bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Robot-Applied Resistance to Augment Body-Weight–Supported Treadmill Training in an Individual With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Lam Tania , Pauhl Katherine , Krassioukov Andrei , Eng Janice J. 
Published: December 2010

Background and Purpose
The efficacy of task-specific gait training for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) is premised on evidence that the provision of gait-related afferent feedback is key for the recovery of stepping movements. Recent findings have shown that sensory feedback from flexor muscle afferents can facilitate flexor muscle activity during the swing phase of walking. This case report was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using robot-applied forces to resist leg movements during body-weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and to measure its effect on gait and other health-related outcomes.

Case Description
The patient described in this case report was a 43-year-old man with a T11 incomplete chronic SCI. He underwent 36 sessions of BWSTT using a robotic gait orthosis to provide forces that resist hip and knee flexion.

Outcomes
Tolerance to the training program was monitored using the Borg CR10 scale and heart rate and blood pressure changes during each training session. Outcome measures (ie, 10-Meter Walk Test, Six-Minute Walk Test, modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile [mEFAP], Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure) were completed and kinematic parameters of gait, lower-extremity muscle strength (force-generating capacity), lower-limb girth, and tolerance to orthostatic stress were measured before and after the training program.

Discussion
The patient could tolerate the training. Overground walking speed, endurance, and performance on all subtasks of the mEFAP improved and were accompanied by increased lower-limb joint flexion and toe clearance during gait. The patient's ambulatory self-confidence and self-perceived performance in walking also improved. These findings suggest that this new approach to BWSTT is a feasible and potentially effective therapy for improving skilled overground walking performance.
Bodenschutz im Wald – Annäherung an ein Wahrnehmungsproblem (Essay) | Soil protection in forests – approaching a problem of perception (essay)
Authors: Borer Franz 
Published: December 2010

Sustainable forest management is totally dependent on an intact production base such as the soil. Today's soil has been shaped by soil formation processes over hundreds and thousands of years in the context of various natural cycles. In contrast to these very slow soil formation processes, timber harvesting methods have evolved within a few decades from manual harvesting to high-tech harvesting with heavy machinery. The impact of these on the soil structure is comparable to that of the ice sheets during the last glaciation. The consequences of this development are not easily visible to the eye. But there is the threat of irreversible damages in the form of soil compaction. Now what about sustainability, this fundamental requirement that wood production can be maintained over many tree generations keeping the production base intact? What about the responsibility of forest owners and managers for future forest stands to the coming generations of people?
The knowledge exists about the soil processes and the possible damages caused by overstraining the natural limits of the soil system. There are also guidelines for careful forest management even with modern machinery. Rejecting wood harvesting techniques with integrated state-of-the-art soil protection measures purely on economic grounds is incompatible with sustainable thinking.
Perceptions of Community Pharmacy Staff regarding Strategies to Reduce and to Improve the Reporting of Medication Incidents
Authors: Scobie Andrea C. , Boyle Todd A. , MacKinnon Neil J. , Deal Heidi , Mahaffey Tom 
Published: December 2010

Background: Medication incidents can have serious consequences for the health of patients and the perceived safety of community pharmacy practice. This study was designed to assess the perceptions of pharmacy staff members about various strategies for reducing and improving the reporting of medications incidents, with the ultimate goal of helping pharmacy managers to determine which practices are likely to be widely accepted. Methods: Staff members of community pharmacies were recruited from 13 pharmacies in Nova Scotia. This convenience sample consisted of pharmacists, pharmacy managers and owners, and pharmacy support staff (i.e., technicians, interns and pharmacy students). The questionnaire had 5 sections, including sections on demographic characteristics, organizational culture within the pharmacies, strategies for reducing and for improving the reporting of medication incidents and existing reporting processes and desired changes, along with an open-ended section on reporting of medication incidents in general. The current article reports data from the 20-question section that sought respondents' perceptions, according to a Likert-type scale, of selected practices for reducing medication incidents and for identifying and disclosing any such incidents that do occur. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to examine overall differences in mean ratings for various strategies by staff group or ownership type. Follow-up univariate analysis and Tukey test were used to examine differences in staff groups and ownership types for each reduction and reporting strategy. Correlation analyses were performed to determine strategies for which individual respondents had similar perceptions. Only pairs of strategies with moderate or strong correlations ( r ≥ 0.60) are discussed. Results: MANOVA indicated significant differences in the perceived effectiveness of various strategies for reducing and for improving the reporting of medication incidents. Respondents indicated that having clinical pharmacists help physicians to select drug therapies would be the most effective strategy to reduce the frequency of medication incidents, and they thought that sharing with colleagues any lessons learned from incidents that did occur and assuring anonymity of reporting would be the most effective ways to increase the reporting of medication incidents. Conclusions: Instituting strategies for reducing and enhancing the reporting of medication incidents that are viewed as effective by pharmacy staff members may help to increase reporting rates and to reduce the number of such incidents occurring at the community pharmacy.
Development and Initial Validation of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 Responder Index 50
Authors: TOUMA ZAHI , GLADMAN DAFNA D. , IBAÑEZ DOMINIQUE , UROWITZ MURRAY B. 
Published: December 2010

Objective.To describe the development and validation of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) Responder Index 50 (SRI-50), an index to measure improvement in disease manifestations on followup visits.Methods.We proposed 50% improvement of SLEDAI-2K scores as this was felt by clinicians to reflect a clinically important improvement. We determined the best definitions of 50% improvement in each of the SLEDAI-2K descriptors. The SRI-50 data retrieval form was developed to standardize the documentation of the descriptors. The new assigned scores for the descriptors of SRI-50 were derived by dividing the score of SLEDAI-2K by 2. To evaluate the construct validity of SRI-50, all patients attending the Lupus Clinic from September 2009 to December 2009 were studied. Patients were assessed initially and on a followup visit according to both SLEDAI-2K and SRI-50 along with physician response assessment on a Likert scale (LS), which was considered the external construct.Results.SRI-50 is a 2-page document comprising 24 descriptors. The scoring method is simple, intuitive, and cumulative, and can be derived during the patient visit. Of the 298 patients enrolled in this study, 141 had a followup visit and were studied further. SRI-50 scores decreased more in patients with LS ≥ 50% compared to LS < 50% with a decrease of > 3. The decrease in SRI-50 scores was statistically and clinically more significant than the decrease in SLEDAI-2K scores. SRI-50 detected incomplete improvement, which would not have been discerned using SLEDAI-2K.Conclusion.SRI-50 has construct validity and is able to demonstrate incomplete, but clinically significant, improvement in disease activity between visits in patients with lupus.
Psychanalyse et droits de l'homme
Authors: Didier-Weill Alain 
Published: December 2010

Résumé La psychanalyse est exposée par la question des droits de l’homme à un faisceau de contradictions. La première de ces contradictions est structurelle : elle est liée à ce que le sujet, dès qu’il s’ouvre à la parole, est sollicité par deux injonctions antinomiques qui le déchirent. La première de ces injonctions traduite par Freud « wo es war soll ich werden » – là où c’était tu dois devenir ! impute au sujet une capacité de devenir par laquelle lui est supposé un rapport non impossible à la liberté. La contradiction à laquelle la psychanalyse est exposée par l’existence du commandement « là où c’était, deviens » tient à la découverte de l’existence d’un tout autre commandement – celui que Freud a nommé le surmoi – qui tend à contredire radicalement l’appel au devenir pour autant que sa vocation est, tout au contraire, de signifier au sujet : « Ne deviens pas ! Tu n’es pas libre de le faire. »
Loi et culture brésilienne
Authors: Maurano Denise , Coutinho Jorge Marco Antonio 
Published: December 2010

Résumé En soulignant, dans notre approche de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme, le commentaire de Didier-Weill qui indique l’héritage des Lumières comme celui d’une lettre progressivement dénuée de son esprit, nous cherchons, dans ce travail, à contribuer à la discussion sur la façon dont l’invocation de l’éthique de la psychanalyse peut servir au réveil de l’esprit de la lettre qui s’y trouve refoulé. En ce sens, nous posons que ces droits universels peuvent être transmis par des actes qui s’engagent dans une valorisation radicale de la vie : l’accueil du réel, ce qu’on peut traduire, selon notre point de vue, par le souci effectif de la nature vivante, au sens large.
Petite rêverie romaine
Authors: Zaepffel Alain 
Published: December 2010

Résumé Le point de départ du texte, Malaise dans la civilisation , semble bien être la lettre que Romain Rolland envoie à Freud après la réception de son livre, L’avenir d’une illusion. Freud compare l’appareil psychique à la ville de Rome ; il présente la ville éternelle sous la forme d’un diptyque en anamorphose : celle-ci nous ouvre les portes d’un rêve de la Traumdeutung où l’on reconnaît Freud en général Carthaginois, rival futur de Romain Rolland.
Prologue
Authors: de Callataÿ Damien 
Published: December 2010

La grâce au sens profane est toujours gratuite : son bénéficiaire l’éprouve sans contrainte. Par contre, le don n’est jamais totalement gratuit : son destinataire est toujours affecté – et contraint – par la volonté du donneur manifestée dans l’acte de donner. Parce qu’elle est totalement gratuite, seule la grâce procure la plénitude essentielle au bonheur.
La gratuité, le chemin d'émancipation
Authors: Sagot-Duvauroux Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2010

Pour traduire le mot « gratuit », les anglo-saxons emploient le mot free , libre d’accès. Et en effet, la gratuité entretient un rapport étroit avec la liberté, en réalisant dans certains champs de l’existence une vieille espérance de l’émancipation humaine : « De chacun selon ses capacités, à chacun selon ses besoins ». La sécurité sociale à la française, sous réserve des reculs de ces dernières années, fait entrer ce rêve dans la réalité. Le mouvement du logiciel libre et les libres échanges d’informations sur l’internet rendent possible des réseaux universels de partage gratuit. Dans cet article, l’auteur explore la façon dont les inventions politiques de gratuité nous aident à penser et à mettre en oeuvre un chemin d’émancipation qui dépasse l’ordre marchand sans se perdre dans le totalitarisme.
Qu'est-ce que l'agapè ?
Authors: Bobineau Olivier 
Published: December 2010

Cet article a pour point de départ une simple question : qu’est-ce que l’ agapè ? Question simple, mais y apporter des éléments de réponse nécessite un parcours qui commence par l’exégèse, passe par la théologie pour s’achever par l’anthropologie du don. La tétralogie d’Alain Caillé d’origine maussienne (intérêt pour autrui, intérêt pour soi, liberté, obligation) nous permet de placer l’ agapè du côté de l’intérêt pour autrui, la grâce du côté de la liberté, le tout constituant ce que nous appelons l’anthropologie de la dilection.
Orwell, le socialisme et la « gauche »
Authors: Michéa Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2010

Dans cet entretien, l’auteur fait retour sur le socialisme de George Orwell. Tout en en soulignant l’actualité et l’originalité, il souligne la complexité de ses liens avec la « gauche » et la nature et la force de la critique du libéralisme contemporain qu’il ouvre aujourd’hui.
Structural Adaptation of Trabecular Bone Revealed by Position Resolved Analysis of Proximal Femora of Different Primates
Authors: Saparin Peter , Scherf Heike , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Fratzl Peter , Weinkamer Richard 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe anisotropic arrangement of trabeculae in the proximal femur of humans and primates is seen as striking evidence for the functional adaptation of trabecular bone architecture. Quantitative evidence to demonstrate this adaptation for trabecular bone is still scarce, because experimental design of controlled load change is difficult. In this work, we use the natural variation of loading caused by a different main locomotor behavior of primates. Using high‐resolution computed tomography and advanced image analysis techniques, we analyze the heterogeneity of the architecture in four proximal femora of four primate species. Although the small sample number does not allow an interspecies comparison, the very differently loaded bones are well suited to search for common structural features as a result of adaptation. A cubic volume of interest of size (5 mm)3 was moved through the proximal femur and a morphometric analysis including local anisotropy was performed on 209 positions on average. The correlation of bone volume fraction (BV/TV) with trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) leads to the suggestion of two different mechanisms of trabecular bone adaptation. Higher values of BV/TV in highly loaded regions of the proximal femur are due to a thickening of the trabeculae, whereas Tb.N does not change. In less loaded regions, however, lower values of BV/TV are found, caused by a reduction of the number of the trabeculae, whereas Tb.Th remains constant. This reduction in Tb.N goes along with an increase in the degree of anisotropy, indicating an adaptive selection of trabeculae. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological Changes of the Epididymis and Description of the Excurrent Ducts of Phrynops geoffroanus (Testudines: Chelidae) During the Reproductive Cycle
Authors: Pagliarini Cabral Silvia Rosana , Zieri Rodrigo , Franco‐Belussi Lilian , De Souza Santos Lia Raquel , Saranz Zago Carlos Eduardo , Taboga Sebastião Roberto , Oliveira Classius De 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe seminal ducts (efferent ductule, epididymis, and deferent duct) in adults of Phrynops geoffroanus were examined using light microscopy. A series of tubules (efferent ductules) connect the testes to the epididymides. The efferent ductules are formed by a rete of small tubules of varying diameters, with simple columnar epithelium formed by the ciliated cells, nonciliated cells, and few basal cells. The epididymis is a simple, long and highly convoluted tubule that receives the efferent ductules throughout its extension. It is covered by a pseudostratified columnar epithelium with three cellular types: the principal cells, which are the most abundant, basal cells, and a small narrow cell. The histological differences in the epididymis region (cranial, medial, and caudal), as well as the differences in the epithelium throughout the reproductive cycle, are discussed. The deferent ducts consist of a low pseudostratified epithelium with two cellular types: the principal and basal cells. During the months analyzed, spermatozoa were stored in the epididymis, and deferent ducts were found. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ovulation, Fertilization, and Early Embryonic Development in the Menstruating Fruit Bat, Carollia perspicillata
Authors: Rasweiler John J. , Badwaik Nilima K. , Mechineni Kiranmayi V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo characterize periovulatory events, reproductive tracts were collected at 12 hr intervals from captive‐bred, short‐tailed fruit bats, Carollia perspicillata, on days 1–3 post coitum and examined histologically. Most bats bred readily. Graafian follicles developed large antra and exhibited preovulatory expansion of the cumulus oophorus. Ovulation had occurred in some on the morning, and in most by the evening, of day 1. The single ovum was released as a secondary oocyte and fertilized in the oviductal ampulla. Ovulated secondary oocytes were loosely associated with their cumulus cells, which were lost around the initiation of fertilization. Supernumerary spermatozoa were occasionally noted attached to the zonae pellucidae of oviductal ova, but never within the perivitelline space. By day 2, most ova had reached the pronuclear stage and by day 3, early cleavage stages. Several lines of evidence indicate that C. perspicillata is a spontaneous ovulator with a functional luteal phase. Most newly mated females had recently formed, but regressing corpora lutea, and thickened (albeit menstrual) uteri despite having been housed with males only for brief periods (<23 days). Menstruation is usually periovulatory in this species. Furthermore, the interval between successive estrus periods in most mated females that failed to establish ongoing pregnancies at the first was 21–27 days. Menstruation involved substantial endometrial desquamation, plus associated bleeding, and generally extended to the evening of day 3, the last time point studied. In nearly all females with a recent corpus luteum (n = 24 of 25; 96%), the preovulatory or newly ruptured follicle was in the opposite ovary. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abatacept in the treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis: Results of a six‐month, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II trial
Authors: Mease Philip , Genovese Mark C. , Gladstein Geoffrey , Kivitz Alan J. , Ritchlin Christopher , Tak Paul P. , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Bahary Orna , Becker Jean‐Claude , Kelly Sheila , Sigal Leonard , Teng Julie , Gladman Dafna 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of abatacept, a selective T cell costimulation modulator, in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsIn this 6‐month, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II study, 170 PsA patients with a psoriasis target lesion (TL) ≥2 cm who had previously taken disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agents, were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive placebo or abatacept at doses of 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 30/10 mg/kg (2 initial doses of 30 mg/kg, followed by 10 mg/kg) on days 1, 15, and 29 and then once every 28 days thereafter. The primary end point was the American College of Rheumatology 20% criteria for improvement (ACR20 response) on day 169. Other key end points were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores for joint erosion, osteitis, and synovitis, scores on the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) health survey, the investigator's global assessment of psoriasis, the TL score, and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score.ResultsProportions of patients achieving an ACR20 response were 19%, 33%, 48%, and 42% in the placebo, the abatacept 3 mg/kg, the abatacept 10 mg/kg, and the abatacept 30/10 mg/kg groups, respectively. Compared with placebo, improvements were significantly higher for the abatacept 10 mg/kg (P = 0.006) and 30/10 mg/kg (P = 0.022) groups, but not for 3 mg/kg group (P = 0.121). All abatacept regimens resulted in improved MRI, HAQ, and SF‐36 scores, with 10 mg/kg showing the greatest improvements. Improvements in the TL and PASI scores were observed in all abatacept arms; a response according to the investigator's global assessment was seen only with 3 mg/kg of abatacept. The safety profiles were similar among the treatment arms.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that 10 mg/kg of abatacept, the approved dosage for rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, may be an effective treatment option for PsA.
Development of a computer‐assisted cranial nerve simulation from the visible human dataset
Authors: Yeung Jeffrey C. , Fung Kevin , Wilson Timothy D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAdvancements in technology and personal computing have allowed for the development of novel teaching modalities such as online web‐based modules. These modules are currently being incorporated into medical curricula and, in some paradigms, have been shown to be superior to classroom instruction. We believe that these modules have the potential of significantly enriching anatomy education by helping students better appreciate spatial relationships, especially in areas of the body with greater anatomical complexity. Our objective was to develop an online module designed to teach the anatomy and function of the cranial nerves. A three‐dimensional model of the skull, brainstem, and thalamus were reconstructed using data from the Visible Human Project and Amira®. The paths of the cranial nerves were overlaid onto this 3D reconstruction. Videos depicting these paths were then rendered using a “roller coaster‐styled” camera approach. Interactive elements adding textual information and user control were inserted into the video using Adobe Creative Suite® 4, and finally, the module was exported as an Adobe Flash movie to be viewable on Internet browsers. Fourteen Flash‐based modules were created in total. The primary user interface comprises a website encoded in HTML/CSS and contains links to each of the 14 Flash modules as well as a user tutorial. Anat Sci Educ 4: 92–97, 2011. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.