bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘BECAUSE WE SEE THEM NAKED' – NURSES’ EXPERIENCES IN CARING FOR HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA: CONSIDERING ARTIFICIAL NUTRITION OR HYDRATION (ANH)
Authors: BRYON ELS , DIERCKX DE CASTERLÉ BERNADETTE , GASTMANS CHRIS 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore and describe how Flemish nurses experience their involvement in the care of hospitalized patients with dementia, particularly in relation to artificial nutrition or hydration (ANH). We interviewed 21 hospital nurses who were carefully selected from nine hospitals in different regions of Flanders. ‘Being touched by the vulnerability of the demented patient’ was the central experience of the nurses, having great impact on them professionally as well as personally. This feeling can be described as encompassing the various stages of the care process: the nurses' initial meeting with the vulnerable patient; the intense decision‐making process, during which the nurses experienced several intense emotions influenced by supporting or hindering contextual factors; and the final coping process, a time when nurses came to terms with this challenging experience. From our examination of this care process, it is obvious that nurses' involvement in ANH decision‐making processes that concern patients with dementia is a difficult and ethically sensitive experience. On the one hand, the feeling of ‘being touched’ can imply strength, as it demonstrates that nurses are willing to provide good care. On the other hand, the feeling of ‘being touched’ can also imply weakness, as it makes nurses vulnerable to moral distress stemming from contextual influences. Therefore, nurses have to be supported as they carry out this ethically sensitive assignment. Practical implications are given.
AGAINST HOMEOPATHY – A UTILITARIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: SMITH KEVIN 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTI examine the positive and negative features of homeopathy from an ethical perspective. I consider: (a) several potentially beneficial features of homeopathy, including non‐invasiveness, cost‐effectiveness, holism, placebo benefits and agent autonomy; and (b) several potentially negative features of homeopathy, including failure to seek effective healthcare, wastage of resources, promulgation of false beliefs and a weakening of commitment to scientific medicine. A utilitarian analysis of the utilities and disutilities leads to the conclusion that homeopathy is ethically unacceptable and ought to be actively rejected by healthcare professionals.
Migration and Wage‐setting: Reassessing the Labor Market Effects of Migration*
Authors: Brücker Herbert , Jahn Elke J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper we employ a wage‐setting approach to analyze the labor market effects of immigration into Germany from 1980 to 2004. This enables us to consider labor market rigidities, which are prevalent in Europe. We find that the elasticity of the wage‐setting curve is particularly high for young workers. Moreover, natives and foreigners are imperfect substitutes. The wage and employment effects of immigration depend on the skill structure of the immigrant workforce. Because the foreign labor supply shift has mainly affected the high‐skilled labor market segment, the 4 percent increase of the workforce through immigration has not increased either aggregate or foreign unemployment.
Black Political Mobilisation and the Struggle for Equality
Authors: Solomos John , Back Les 
Published: February 2011

One of the most interesting aspects of recent debates in Britain about issues of race and ethnicity is that increasing attention is being given to the political dimension. Within both academic and social discourses there is growing awareness that we need to examine the role of politics in shaping public debate about key aspects of contemporary racial relations in British society. It is as a result of this development that we are seeing the emergence of analyses of the role of black2 and ethnic minority political mobilisation. This aspect of racial relations in British society has been relatively neglected, and few studies have been conducted into the forms and impact of minority political mobilisation. But in recent years this issue has come to the fore in debates about race and related issues in British society. This growing interest has given rise to a number of questions. In what ways can we talk about specific forms of black and ethnic forms of political mobilisation? What impact can black and ethnic political mobilisation have on the public policy agenda? How far is black political mobilisation overlaid by class? What role does representation in political institutions play in furthering the claims of black people to the fundamental rights of citizenship? It is not possible to address all of these questions in this paper, but we shall attempt to tackle at least some of the key issues arising from recent debates. Additionally we shall also suggest that there are some issues that require more detailed investigation and research. This is particularly the case in the current ideological and political climate which has been shaped by the neo-conservative policies of the Thatcher administrations. With the end of Thatcher's prime ministership and the prospect of a closely fought General Election the question is raised: how far will her legacy continue to impact on the politics of race in the 1990s? This is an issue which we hope this paper will help to clarify.
The Political Economic Necessity of the Art School 1835–52
Authors: Quinn Malcolm 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article examines the political economic theories that informed the development of the first publicly funded art school in Britain, by the Select Committee on Arts and Manufactures of 1835/6. It begins by assessing these origins in the context of some recent experiments in art school pedagogy. It then responds to the challenge offered by Mervyn Romans in iJADE, Vol. 23, No. 3 (2004) to the argument that economic necessity was the motive for the establishment of publicly funded art education in Britain. I argue that in this instance, economic necessity should be defined according to the terms of political economic theories that offered ‘scientific’ reasons for the economic benefits of political change. I analyse this political economic discourse with reference to the examination of Martin Archer Shee, then President of the Royal Academy of Arts, at the Select Committee on Arts and Manufactures in 1836. I conclude by suggesting that the establishment of the first publicly funded art school in Britain in 1837, as it was distinguished from the Royal Academy of Arts, can be understood as part of a political economic experiment that was realised only when Henry Cole took charge of the School of Design as ‘The Department of Practical Art’ in 1852. This experiment depended on risking the models of professionalism in art that existed at that time, in order to advance new combinations of politics, economics and public pedagogy under capital, in ways that are no longer readily recognisable.
The Pedagogy of Failure in the Global Market
Authors: Silk Janet 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn American artist and art educator discusses her experience teaching at the American University in Cairo, Egypt (AUC). Students are confronted by local and international discourse about authenticity, integrity and influence. They express their frustration and anxiety about their chances for success in the global art market. The author questions the effectiveness and function of art education at the AUC, describes the atmosphere of the local Egyptian art scene and communicates teaching strategies she used in the classroom at AUC. From this experience the author proposes the need to cultivate a more experimental, flexible pedagogy that encourages art students to take risks, instead of focusing on the economic viability of their work.
Dyslexia and the Studio: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice
Authors: Alden Sandy , Pollock Venda Louise 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIt is generally accepted that art and design related disciplines attract a higher proportion of students with dyslexia than traditional academic counterparts. Combined with this is a prevalent perception that dyslexia predominantly affects students’ writing and linguistic ability and it is this, as well as an increased visual‐spatial sensibility, that attracts students to art and design disciplines. This article examines these ideas through the experience of fine art students on a degree course with a mandatory written element. Drawing on focus groups and interviews with students, it argues that the studio component, in terms of its learning environment and teaching methods, presents an equally challenging context for students with dyslexia and that the written element or lecture‐based studies can provide students with a valuable counterpoint to their studio practice.
‘Being an artist you kind of, I mean, you get used to excellence’: Identity, Values and Fine Art Assessment Practices
Authors: Orr Susan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this article I report on a study into fine art lecturers’ assessment practices in higher education. This study explores the ways that lecturers bring themselves into the act of assessment (Hand & Clewes 2000). I interviewed twelve fine art lecturers who worked across six English universities. Lecturers were asked to relate to me how they learnt to assess student artwork and what informed their judgement making. My research explores the interfaces between fine art lecturers’ assessment practices, their values and identity/ies. My analysis offers a rendering of the ways that values underpin lecturers’ assessment practices. The article explores the ways that lecturers’ assessment decisions relate to their experiences as ex art students, their identity as artists, their own artistic practices, their conceptualisation of the arts arenas and the HE sector. My key overarching argument is that identity/ies and values underpin and enrich fine art lecturers’ assessment practices.
Letter‐space: Typographic Translations of Urban Place
Authors: Naismith Jacqueline , O'Sullivan Annette 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article discusses a Bachelor of Design honours year typography project in the medium of letterpress. The Letter‐space project positioned letterpress as a textual, spatial and structural visual language, through which the experiences and meanings of a local urban place were translated, mapped and given form through typographic design.We outline and contextualise the pedagogical approach we took in this project. In Letter‐space a pedagogy based on the principles of situated and reflective learning drew urban place and letterpress into a theorised practice. Metaphorical frameworks advanced in urban theory offered new insights into the ways in which urban place could be understood. These metaphors provided departure points for specific place‐based investigation and interpretation. The subject of urban place and the medium of letterpress interacted through their shared language of structure and compositional order, facilitating the processes of mapping and translation.Examples of the student work produced in the project are discussed and show how theory and practice interacted through conceptual and metaphorical structures. The Letter‐space project advanced the students’ structural understanding of the principles and practices of typographic design, while at the same time deepened an awareness of the complex relationships which form and order familiar urban places
Encounters with the Unexpected: From Holbein to Hirst (and Back Again)
Authors: Watts Robert 
Published: February 2011

Abstract Learning through art in the museum is a Masters’ level module established in 2006 through collaboration between the School of Education at Roehampton University, London and Interpretation and Education staff at Tate Britain and Tate Modern. On completion of the module, participants were asked to reflect on how the experience had altered their perspectives on the collection and their strategies for teaching and learning in art and design. The aim of this article is to explore some of the themes that emerged from these interviews and from other dialogue between tutors and students on the module, themes that are then discussed within the wider context of museum and gallery education.The article concludes by reflecting on broader notions of knowledge and understanding in the context of museum and gallery education. It is argued that the juxtapositions of historical, modern and contemporary art that have been a distinctive feature of Tate's curatorial strategy since 2000 have shed fresh light on older works in the collection and provide opportunities for art educators to reappraise the emphasis currently placed upon the interpretation of modern and contemporary work. It is suggested that developing knowledge and understanding of art is partly about embracing notions of ambiguity and mystery: that engaging with multiple and shifting interpretations of artworks should play a more central role in art education and that part of the process of engaging with art is the experience of not knowing and not understanding.
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE ON PLANOZYGOTE AND CYST FORMATION OFALEXANDRIUM MINUTUM(DINOPHYCEAE) IN CULTURE1
Authors: Figueroa Rosa Isabel , Vázquez Jose Antonio , Massanet Ana , Murado Miguel Anxo , Bravo Isabel 
Published: February 2011

The factors regulating dinoflagellate life‐cycle transitions are poorly understood. However, their identification is essential to unravel the causes promoting the outbreaks of harmful algal blooms (HABs) because these blooms are often associated with the formation and germination of sexual cysts. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge on the factors regulating planozygote‐cyst transitions in dinoflagellates due to the difficulties of differentiating planozygotes from vegetative stages. In the present study, two different approaches were used to clarify the relevance of environmental factors on planozygote and cyst formation of the toxic dinoflagellateAlexandrium minutumHalim.First, the effects of changes in initial phosphate (P) and nitrate (N) concentrations in the medium on the percentage of planozygotes formed were examined using flow cytometry. Second, two factorial designs were used to determine how salinity (S), temperature (T), and the density of the initial cell inoculum (I) affect planozygote and resting‐cyst formation. These experiments led to the following conclusions:1. Low P/N ratios seem to induce gamete expression because the percentage of planozygotes recorded in the absence of added phosphate (‐P) was significantly higher than that obtained in the absence of added nitrogen (‐N), or when the concentrations of both nitrogen and phosphate were 20 times lower (N/20 + P/20).2. Salinity (S) and temperature (T) strongly affected both planozygote and cyst formation, as sexuality in the population increased significantly as salinity decreased and temperatures increased.S, Tcombinations that resulted in no significant cyst formation were, however, favorable for vegetative growth, ruling out the possibility of negative effects on cell physiology.3. The initial cell density is thought to be important for sexual cyst formation by determining the chances of gamete contact. However, the inoculum concentrations tested did not explain either planozygote formation or the appearance of resting cysts.
Placental Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Pregnancies: Intimations of Fetal Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: LEACH LOPA 
Published: February 2011

Please cite this paper as: Leach (2011). Placental Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Pregnancies: Intimations of Fetal Cardiovascular Disease? Microcirculation 18(4), 263–269.AbstractIn the human placenta, the angioarchitecture of fetal vessels lying in maternal blood is useful for nutrient uptake, but it makes the synthesis, maturation and functioning of placental vessels vulnerable to any alterations in the fetal and maternal environment. This review discusses how the maternal diabetic milieu, and the resultant fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, may act together to produce an altered placental vascular phenotype, which includes increased angiogenesis, altered junctional maturity, increased vascular endothelial‐like growth factor (VEGF), altered VEGF and insulin receptor profiles, and upregulation of genes involved in signal transduction, transcription and mitosis in placental endothelial cells. The placental vascular dysfunction does extend to other fetal vascular beds including endothelial cells from umbilical vessels, where there are reports of elevated basal iNOS activity and altered sensitivity to insulin. There is emerging evidence of epigenetic modulation of fetal endothelial genes in diabetes and long‐term vascular consequences of this. Thus, placental vascular dysfunction in diabetes may be contributing to and describing disturbances in the fetal vasculature, which may produce an overt pathological response in later life if challenged with additional cardiovascular stresses.
Alveolar ridge dimensions in maxillary posterior sextants: a retrospective comparative study of dentate and edentulous sites using computerized tomography data
Authors: Farina Roberto , Pramstraller Mattia , Franceschetti Giovanni , Pramstraller Christof , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAim: To compare the alveolar ridge dimensions between edentulous sites and contralateral dentate sites of maxillary posterior sextants in the same individuals.Materials and methods: Computerized tomography scans of 32 patients with one fully edentulous and one fully dentate maxillary posterior sextants were analyzed.Results: When compared with dentate sextants, edentulous sextants showed (i) a lower bone height (BH) at second premolar, first molar and second molar sites, which was associated with a more coronal position of the maxillary sinus floor at second premolar site; (ii) a more apical position of the ridge at second premolar and second molar sites; (iii) a lower bone width (BW)1 mm at first and second premolar sites, and a lower BW3 mm at all sites, (iv) a lower, although not significant, prevalence of premolar and molar sites with BH≥8 mm and BW1 mm≥6 mm.Conclusions: The edentulous sextants in the posterior maxilla showed a reduced height and width of the ridge when compared with contralateral dentate sextants. The reduced vertical dimensions observed in edentulous sextants were variably associated with ridge resorption as well as sinus pneumatization.To cite this article:
Farina R, Pramstraller M, Franceschetti G, Pramstraller C, Trombelli L. Alveolar ridge dimensions in maxillary posterior sextants: a retrospective comparative study of dentate and edentulous sites using computerized tomography data. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 1138–1144. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02087.x
ABL1 fusion genes in hematological malignancies: a review
Authors: De Braekeleer Etienne , Douet‐Guilbert Nathalie , Rowe David , Bown Nick , Morel Frédéric , Berthou Christian , Férec Claude , De Braekeleer Marc 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChromosomal rearrangements involving the ABL1 gene, leading to a BCR‐ABL1 fusion gene, have been mainly associated with chronic myeloid leukemia and B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). At present, six other genes have been shown to fuse to ABL1. The kinase domain of ABL1 is retained in all chimeric proteins that are also composed of the N‐terminal part of the partner protein that often includes a coiled‐coil or a helix‐loop‐helix domain. These latter domains allow oligomerization of the protein that is required for tyrosine kinase activation, cytoskeletal localization, and neoplastic transformation. Fusion genes that have a break in intron 1 or 2 (BCR‐ABL1, ETV6‐ABL1, ZMIZ1‐ABL1, EML1‐ABL1, and NUP214‐ABL1) have transforming activity, although NUP214‐ABL1 requires amplification to be efficient. The NUP214‐ABL1 gene is the second most prevalent fusion gene involving ABL1 in malignant hemopathies, with a frequency of 5% in T‐cell ALL. Both fusion genes (SFPQ‐ABL1 and RCSD1‐ABL1) characterized by a break in intron 4 of ABL1 are associated with B‐cell ALL, as the chimeric proteins lacked the SH2 domain of ABL1. Screening for ABL1 chimeric genes could be performed in patients with ALL, more particularly in those with T‐cell ALL because ABL1 modulates T‐cell development and plays a role in cytoskeletal remodeling processes in T cells.
Clustering of Hi galaxies in the Hi Parkes All Sky Survey and Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey
Authors: Passmoor S. S. , Cress C. M. , Faltenbacher A. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
We investigate the clustering of H i-selected galaxies in the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey (ALFALFA) and compare results with those obtained for the H i Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS). Measurements of the angular correlation function and the inferred 3D clustering are compared with results from direct spatial-correlation measurements. We are able to measure clustering on smaller angular scales and for galaxies with lower H i masses than was previously possible. We calculate the expected clustering of dark matter using the redshift distributions of the HIPASS and ALFALFA, and show that the ALFALFA sample is somewhat more antibiased with respect to dark matter than the HIPASS sample.
‘The Darling of the Temple‐Coffee‐House Club’: Science, Sociability and Satire in Early Eighteenth‐Century London
Authors: COULTON RICHARD 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between metropolitan sociability and the production of natural knowledge in early eighteenth‐century London. It considers three discursive sites where the intellectual and sociable worlds converged: manuscript correspondence, the coffee‐house club and published research. Focusing on the Temple Coffee‐House Club's habits of scholarship and sociability, the argument examines the club's ongoing historical reception and its satirical depiction in William King's The Transactioneer. In the process this article re‐evaluates recent critical, methodological and historiographical debates concerning the changing institutional agenda of the Royal Society, natural philosophy and epistemological credit, and the archaeology of coffee‐house sociability.