bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach to haptic rendering of guidewires for use in minimally invasive surgical simulation
Authors: Huang D. , Tang W. , Wan T. R. , John N. W. , Gould D. , Ding Y. , Chen Y. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGuidewire insertion is an imperative task of minimally invasive medical procedures. During the procedure, surgeons need to steer long flexible thin wires through patient's blood vessels to reach a clinical target. In this paper, we present a novel approach to model haptics of guidewire insertion process for training simulation. The algorithm also allows for the analysis of the insertion process through subtle physical behaviours of guidewires via force feedbacks. The method includes a 6‐DoF dynamic coupling between a rigid body, i.e. the virtual tool and the deformation of the wire simulated as an elastic rod. Instead of using the frictional contact force or the acceleration of the guidewire tip for haptic feedbacks, we compute constrained forces by directly connecting the virtual tool to the end of the guidewire. Therefore, the coupling scheme transmits haptic interactions through constrained dynamics between the virtual tool and the guidewire. Both positional and rotational control modes are implemented and evaluated with respect to the dynamics of the guidewire, user inputs and feedback forces. Experiments highlight the usability of our algorithm for an insertion procedure simulation with complex blood vessel structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple and Stereoselective Preparation of an 4‐(Aminomethyl)‐1,2,3‐triazolyl Nucleoside Phosphoramidite
Authors: Kolganova Natalia A. , Florentiev Vladimir L. , Chudinov Alexander V. , Zasedatelev Alexander S. , Timofeev Edward N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA simple and stereoselective synthesis of a protected 4‐(aminomethyl)‐1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole cyanoethyl phosphoramidite was developed for the modification of synthetic oligonucleotides. The configuration of the 1,2,3‐triazolyl moiety with respect to the deoxyribose was unambiguously determined in ROESY experiments. The aminomethyl group of the triazolyl nucleotide was fully functional in labelling reactions. Furthermore, the hybridization behavior of 5′ triazole‐terminated oligonucleotide was similar to that of 5′ aminohexyl‐terminated oligomer with the same sequence. Internal modifications of the oligonucleotide strands resulted in significant decrease of duplex stability.
Two New Lignans and Anti‐HBV Constituents from Illicium henryi
Authors: Liu Ji‐Feng , Jiang Zhi‐Yong , Geng Chang‐An , Zhang Quan , Shi Yao , Ma Yun‐Bao , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Chen Ji‐Jun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTwo new lignans, dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9‐O‐β‐D‐(3″‐O‐acetyl)‐xylopyranoside (1) and threo‐4,9,9′‐trihydroxy‐3,3′‐dimethoxy‐8‐O‐4′‐neolignan 7‐O‐α‐rhamnopyranoside (2) were isolated from Illicium henryi, together with ten known compounds, 3–12. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The anti‐hepatitis B virus (anti‐HBV) activity of compounds 1–12 inhibiting HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) secretion on Hep G2.2.15 cell line was evaluated. (−)‐Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (4) showed moderate inhibitory activity on both HBsAg and HBeAg secretion with IC50 values of 0.06 and 0.53 mM, respectively.
Plant Density‐Dependent Variations in Bioactive Markers and Root Yield in Australian‐Grown Salvia miltiorrhizaBunge
Authors: Guang Li Chun , Jun Sheng Shu , Pang Edwin C. K. , May Brian , Chang Li Xue Charlie 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe plant density‐dependent variations in the root yield and content, and the yield of biomarkers in Australian grown Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, were investigated in a field trial involving six different plant densities. The key biomarker compounds cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, and salvianolic acid B were quantified by a validated RP‐HPLC method, and the root yields were determined per plant pair or unit area. There were significant variations (p<0.05) in the root yields and contents and the yields of the biomarkers between the different plant densities. Positive linear correlations were observed between the contents of the three tanshinones, whereas negative linear correlations were revealed between the contents of the tanshinones and salvianolic acid B. The highest root yield per plant pair was achieved when the plants were grown at 45×30 cm or 45×40 cm, whereas the highest root production par unit area was obtained for a plant density of 30×30 cm. The highest contents of the three tanshinones and the most abundant production of these tanshinones per unit area were achieved when the plants were grown at 30×30 cm. However, the highest content of salvianolic acid B was found for a density of 45×40 cm, while its highest yield per unit area was obtained for densities of 30×40 cm or 45×30 cm. The findings suggest that the plant density distinctly affects the root yield and content and the yield of tanshinones and salvianolic acid B in Australian grown S. miltiorrhiza, which may be used as a guide for developing optimal agricultural procedures for cultivating this herb.
Composition, and Antimicrobial and Remarkable Antiprotozoal Activities of the Essential Oil of Rhizomes of Aframomum sceptrum K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Cheikh‐Ali Zakaria , Adiko Marcelline , Bouttier Sylvie , Bories Christian , Okpekon Timothée , Poupon Erwan , Champy Pierre 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe essential oil from the rhizomes of Aframomum sceptrum (Zingiberaceae) was analyzed by GC/MS, and its major constituents were found to be β‐pinene (12.7%), caryophyllene oxide (10.0%), and cyperene (6.0%). The oil was also evaluated for antimicrobial activities, in comparison with β‐pinene, caryophyllene oxide, and the leaf essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae). The A. sceptrum essential oil exhibited bacteriostatic activity against the Gram‐positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S. aureus, but not against Gram‐negative bacteria. Moreover, it showed mild fungicidal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates, and remarkable antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (MLC of 1.51 μl/ml) and Trichomonas vaginalis (IC50 of 0.12±0.02 and MLC of 1.72 μl/ml).
Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf and Rhizome Oils of Alpinia pahangensisRidl., an Endemic Wild Ginger from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Awang Khalijah , Ibrahim Halijah , Rosmy Syamsir Devi , Mohtar Mastura , Mat Ali Rasadah , Azah Mohamad Ali Nor 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe essential oils from the leaves and rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis Ridl., collected from Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical compositions were determined by GC and GC/MS analyses. The major components of the rhizome oil were γ‐selinene (11.60%), β‐pinene (10.87%), (E,E)‐farnesyl acetate (8.65%), and α‐terpineol (6.38%), while those of the leaf oil were β‐pinene (39.61%), α‐pinene (7.55%), and limonene (4.89%). The investigation of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils using the broth microdilution technique revealed that the rhizome oil of A. pahangensis inhibited five Staphylococcus aureus strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 0.08 and 0.31 μg/μl, and four selected fungi with MIC values between 1.25 and 2.50 μg/μl.
Gold Catalysis: 1,3‐Oxazines by Cyclisation of Allene Amides
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schuster Andreas M. , Litters Sebastian , Rominger Frank , Pernpointner Markus 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of allene amides was prepared and their gold‐catalysed cyclisation was investigated. The formation of six‐membered rings, 1,3‐oxazines, was observed. Dihydropyrroles originating from intramolecular hydroamination of the distal CC double bonds of the allenes were minor side products. Mechanistic studies by in situ 31P NMR spectroscopy showed only one additional species during the conversion in each case; a computational study of the different allyl gold(I) species involved allowed this to be assigned as the σ‐allyl gold species bearing the gold catalyst at the sterically less hindered methylene end. The regiospecific deuterodeauration of this intermediate confirmed a SE′‐type mechanism for this last step of the catalytic cycle.
Automation and Optimization of Startups, Load Changes and Batch Processes
Authors: Krämer Stefan , Dünnebier Guido , Kahrs Olaf , Luft Heiko 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBei Konti‐Anlagen treten oft dynamischen Übergangsvorgänge, wie Anfahr‐, Last‐ oder Produktwechsel, auf, wohingegen (Semi‐)Batch‐Prozesse eine inhärente Dynamik besitzen. Zielte die Automatisierung dieser Übergangsvorgänge bisher meist auf eine sichere und reproduzierbare Fahrweise ab, erlauben moderne Prozessführungsmethoden auch wirtschaftlich optimierte Fahrweisen. Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung sind insbesondere die hohe Komplexität der Anlage, der oft geringe Instrumentierungs‐ und Automatisierungsgrad und die Notwendigkeit umfangreicher verfahrens‐ und automatisierungstechnischer Kenntnisse. Der Beitrag zeigt an Beispielen die Vorgehensweise in der industriellen Praxis auf und nennt innovative Lösungsansätze aus der akademischen Forschung.
Current trends and emerging future of indocyanine green usage in surgery and oncology
Authors: Polom Karol , Murawa Dawid , Rho Young‐soo , Nowaczyk Piotr , Hünerbein Michael , Murawa Pawel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEver since Kitai first performed fluorescent navigation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) using indocyanine green (ICG) dye with a charge‐couple device and light emitting diodes, the intraoperative use of near infrared fluorescence has served a critical role in increasing our understanding in various fields of surgical oncology. Here the authors review the emerging role of the ICG fluorophore in the development of our comprehension of the lymphatic system and its use in SLN mapping and biopsy in various cancers. In addition, they introduce the novel role of ICG‐guided video angiography as a new intraoperative method of assessing microvascular circulation. The authors attempt to discuss the promising potential in addition to assessing several challenges and limitations in the context of specific surgical procedures and ICG as a whole. PubMed and Medline literature databases were searched for ICG use in clinical surgical settings. Despite ICG's significant impact in various fields of surgical oncology, ICG is still in its nascent stages, and more in‐depth studies need to be carried out to fully evaluate its potential and limitations. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A method of reducing harmonic components in a large‐scale inverter
Authors: Harimoto Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Hidemi , Murata Katsuaki 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe low harmonic component elimination method, a method of PWM control, is effective for miniaturizing filters, or for decreasing losses by lowering the switching frequency. However, this method is only applicable to specific uses such as static var generators, because it can only read a switching angle decided beforehand from memory and can only control the fundamental wave. In this paper a PWM method to control low harmonic components is proposed. The proposed method uses a curved triangular wave that was developed in this investigation as the carrier wave. The proposed method proves to decrease the total harmonic distortion better than the conventional low harmonic component elimination method and the subharmonic method, based on experimental results employing a single‐phase inverter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(4): 10–23, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21103
Nrf2 is essential for cholesterol crystal‐induced inflammasome activation and exacerbation of atherosclerosis
Authors: Freigang Stefan , Ampenberger Franziska , Spohn Gunther , Heer Sebastian , Shamshiev Abdijapar T. , Kisielow Jan , Hersberger Martin , Yamamoto Masayuki , Bachmann Martin F. , Kopf Manfred 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOxidative stress and inflammation — two components of the natural host response to injury — constitute important etiologic factors in atherogenesis. The pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐1 significantly enhances atherosclerosis, however, the molecular mechanisms of IL‐1 induction within the artery wall remain poorly understood. Here we have identified the oxidative stress‐responsive transcription factor NF‐E2‐related 2 (Nrf2) as an essential positive regulator of inflammasome activation and IL‐1‐mediated vascular inflammation. We show that cholesterol crystals, which accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques, represent an endogenous danger signal that activates Nrf2 and the NLRP3 inflammasome. The resulting vigorous IL‐1 response critically depended on expression of Nrf2, and Nrf2‐deficient apolipoprotein E (Apoe)−/− mice were highly protected against diet‐induced atherogenesis. Importantly, therapeutic neutralization of IL‐1α and IL‐1β reduced atherosclerosis in Nrf2+/−Apoe−/− but not in Nrf2−/−Apoe−/− mice, suggesting that the pro‐atherogenic effect of Nrf2‐signaling was primarily mediated by its permissive role in IL‐1 production. Our studies demonstrate a role for Nrf2 in inflammasome activation, and identify cholesterol crystals as disease‐relevant triggers of the NLRP3 inflammasome and potent pro‐atherogenic cytokine responses. These findings suggest a common pathway through which oxidative stress and metabolic danger signals converge and mutually perpetuate the chronic vascular inflammation that drives atherosclerosis.
Facile Three‐Component Synthesis of Macrocyclane‐Fused Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Jiang Bo , Liu Yin‐Ping , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of new functionalized macrocyclane‐fused pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives with an aryl group at the 2‐position of the pyridine nucleus have been synthesized by microwave‐assisted three‐component reactions of aldehydes, aminopyrazole and cycloketones in HOAc using 1.0 equiv. of TFA as a promoter. The procedure is facile, avoiding time‐consuming and costly syntheses, tedious work‐ups and purifications of precursors as well as protection/deprotection of functional groups. This method is very efficient due to short reaction times and easy work‐up and provides an efficient and promising synthetic strategy for the construction of the macrocyclane‐fused pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine skeleton.
Electrochemical Polymerization and Investigation of Properties of Poly(5‐(4′‐aminophenylamino)‐10,20‐diphenylporphyrin)
Authors: Uygun Aysegul , Myjavcova Renata , Yavuz Ayse Gul , Ruppel Joshua V. , Fields Kimberly B. , Frankhauser Anita , Zhang X. Peter , Bhethanbotla Venkat R. , Bednar Petr 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe preparation and electropolymerization of a new porphyrin monomer with an amino group connecting the porphyrin core and aniline unit were studied. Cyclic voltammetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and a tandem quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization source (MALDI‐QqTOF) were used for the characterization of poly(5‐(4′‐aminophenylamino)‐10,20‐diphenylporphyrin) (PAPADPP). The PAPADPP formed a smooth layer on the Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and grew perpendicular to the electrode surface. An oligonucleotide (ODN)‐probe was physisorbed onto the PAPADPP film and tested for hybridization with complementary and noncomplementary ODN segments. Biological recognition was monitored by comparison of the electrochemical signals (cyclic voltammogram) from single and double strand state oligonucleotides. The morphology of the physisorbed ODN‐probe and its hybridization were observed on ITO electrodes using AFM and SEM.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Assessing the Recognition of Cytochrome c by Immobilized Calixarenes
Authors: Mohsin Muhammad Ali , Banica Florinel‐Gabriel , Oshima Tatsuya , Hianik Tibor 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe developed a biosensor based on supported lipid films (sBLM) with incorporated calixarenes for detection of cytochrome c (cyt c) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Calix[6]arene (CALIX) was incorporated into soybean phosphatidylcholine (SBPC) liposomes in different molar ratios (SBPC:CALIX=10 : 1, 30 : 1 and 100 : 1). The lipid layer containing calixarenes has been formed on the surface of a gold electrode previously covered with an octadecanethiol monolayer. Both the sBLM capacitance and the electron transfer resistance showed noticeable modification at a cyt c concentration as low as 10 nM. However, a much higher concentration of free lysine (>30 µM) was necessary to induce a similar effect. Nonspecific interaction of cyt c with sBLM without CALIX was negligible.
Chemosensory processing in the taste‐reward pathway
Authors: Gutierrez Ranier , Simon Sidney A 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough the act of eating is voluntary, its initiation depends on several factors including its taste and the animal's internal state as related to hunger or satiety. These factors, together with the food's hedonic value, will determine whether food will be ingested. The taste of food will depend on the activation of receptors located on taste cells but also on the expectation of what it will taste like. For these reasons, it is important to investigate, in behaving animals, the neural correlates of feeding behaviour in the taste–reward pathway. Here we review particular coding strategies, present experiments using freely licking rodents with chronically implanted arrays of electrodes throughout the taste–reward pathway to investigate the changes that occur when animals learn to discriminate among tastants and after they are ingested. In summary, we found that gustatory processing does not only depend on the input from the oral cavity but on expectation, learning, and post‐ingestive effects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WCSPH viscosity diffusion processes in vortex flows
Authors: Macià F. , Sánchez J. M. , Souto‐Iglesias A. , González L. M. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe aim of this paper is to clarify the role played by the most commonly used viscous terms in simulating viscous laminar flows using the weakly compressible approach in the context of smooth particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH). To achieve this, Takeda et al. (Prog. Theor. Phys. 1994; 92(5):939–960), Morris et al. (J. Comput. Phys. 1997; 136:214–226) and Monaghan–Cleary–Gingold's (Appl. Math. Model. 1998; 22(12):981–993; Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2005; 365:199–213) viscous terms will be analysed, discussing their origins, structures and conservation properties. Their performance will be monitored with canonical flows of which related viscosity phenomena are well understood, and in which boundary effects are not relevant. Following the validation process of three previously published examples, two vortex flows of engineering importance have been studied. First, an isolated Lamb–Oseen vortex evolution where viscous effects are dominant and second, a pair of co‐rotating vortices in which viscous effects are combined with transport phenomena. The corresponding SPH solutions have been compared to finite‐element numerical solutions. The SPH viscosity model's behaviour in modelling the viscosity related effects for these canonical flows is adequate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomic alterations with impact on survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identified by array comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Shi Zhi‐Zhou , Liang Jian‐Wei , Zhan Ting , Wang Bo‐Shi , Lin De‐Chen , Liu Shu‐Guang , Hao Jia‐Jie , Yang Hai , Zhang Yu , Zhan Qi‐Min , Zhang Kai‐Tai , Wang Ming‐Rong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRisk assessment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is currently based on clinicopathological parameters. To identify genomic markers that can predict overall survival in ESCC, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) on a screening set of 35 tumor samples from ESCC patients. Prognosis association of the genes selected on the basis of the array CGH results was further validated by real‐time PCR in two independent sample sets (n = 151 and 84). Genomic analysis revealed seven high‐level amplifications and two homozygous deletions. Gain of 11q13.2 and loss of 7q34 and 18q21.1–q23 were associated with poor outcome. Gain of 11q13.2 was an independent prognostic factor and was selected for further validation. In both validation sets of samples, copy number increase of CPT1A in 11q13.2 was correlated with short overall survival (P = 0.015, n = 151 and P = 0.044, n = 84). Multivariate analysis confirmed that CPT1A gain provided prognostic information in ESCC (HR, 1.643; 95% CI: 1.076–2.509; P = 0.022; HR, 2.488; 95% CI: 1.235–5.013; P = 0.011). Immunohistochemistry showed significant correlation between strong expression of CPT1A protein and poor outcome of ESCC patients (P = 0.018, n = 73). Our data suggest that gain of CPT1A may be a candidate prognostic factor. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNMT3B gene amplification predicts resistance to DNA demethylating drugs
Authors: Simó‐Riudalbas Laia , Melo Sónia A. , Esteller Manel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDisruption of the DNA methylation landscape is one of the most common features of human tumors. However, genetic alterations of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) have not been described in carcinogenesis. Herein, we show that pancreatic and breast cancer cells undergo gene amplification of the DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B). The presence of extra copies of the DNMT3B gene is linked to higher levels of the corresponding mRNA and protein. Most importantly, the elevated gene dosage of DNMT3B is associated with increased resistance to the growth‐inhibitory effect mediated by DNA demethylating agents. In particular, cancer cells harboring DNMT3B gene amplification are less sensitive to the decrease in cell viability caused by 5‐azacytidine (Vidaza), 5‐aza‐2‐deoxycytidine (Decitabine), and SGI‐1027. Overall, the data confirm DNMT3B as a bona fide oncogene in human cancer and support the incorporation of the DNMT3B copy number assay into current clinical trials assessing the efficacy of DNA demethylating drugs in solid tumors. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.