bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon fiber fabric reinforced PPS laminates: Influence of temperature on mechanical properties and behavior
Authors: Vieille B. , Aucher J. , Taleb L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper is aimed at investigating the influence of temperature on mechanical properties and behavior of carbon fiber fabric reinforced polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) laminates subjected to different loadings: tensile, open hole tensile, in‐plane shear, compressive, flexural, interlaminar shear, single‐bolt double lap joint, and single‐bolt single lap joint tests. The resulting experimental database is of the utmost importance for generating design allowables for structures integrating such thermoplastic‐based composites. Depending on the test and the laminate's staking sequence, a temperature increase higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg = 98°C of fiber fabric reinforced PPS laminates softens the matrix behavior and significantly degrades the quality of the adhesion at the fiber/matrix interface, resulting in reduced mechanical properties (in‐plane shear, compressive, flexural and interlaminar shear). However, it does not seem to be detrimental for the tensile and the double lap joint's properties in quasi‐isotropic laminates. In angle‐ply laminates, the ductile behavior of the PPS matrix is exacerbated at high temperature resulting in larger plastic deformations and a lesser hole sensitivity of this material. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 80–95, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20239
Novel effects of statins in enhancing efficacy of chemotherapy in vitro in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Weihua , Le Wei , Cho Do‐Yeon , Hwang Peter H. , Upadhyay Daya 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a relatively uncommon malignant epithelial cancer seen worldwide. The treatment of NPC has evolved toward combined modality treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, chemotherapeutic agents currently have a secondary role, due to their lack of efficacy as curative agents. Recent identification of a novel property of statin drugs raises a promising hope that concurrent use of statins may enhance the efficacy of single‐drug chemotherapy in NPC. However, the effects of statins have not been studied before in NPC. In this in vitro study, we demonstrate a unique property of statins that can enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in NPC.MethodsPrimary human NPC cells (CCL‐30) were treated with statins and cisplatin concurrently, and the effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell colony formation were examined.ResultsStatins caused significant decrease in cell proliferation and viability in NPC. Statins also induced loss of cell attachment, change in cellular morphology, decrease in colony forming units, and loss of sphere formation in soft gel agar, which are the important properties of tumorigenicity in NPC. Furthermore, we found that the effects of statins occur by a mevalonate (MA)‐mediated pathway in these cells.ConclusionsWe demonstrate a unique property of statins that can enhance the antitumor effects of cisplatin in NPC. Statins may act as a relatively safe and cost effective chemoadjuvant agent in the treatment of NPC. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Increased presence of dendritic cells and dendritic cell chemokines in the sinus mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ayers Chris M. , Schlosser Rodney J. , O'Connell Brendan P. , Atkinson Carl , Mulligan Ryan M. , Casey Sarah E. , Bleier Benjamin S. , Wang Eric W. , Sansoni Eugene R. , Kuhlen James L. , Mulligan Jennifer K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine if there is a link between local dendritic cells (DCs) and various subtypes of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS): CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP), and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). Once DC presence was established we considered possible mechanisms for DC recruitment to the sinuses.MethodsBiopsy specimens were taken from the osteomeatal complex during endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with AFRS (n ≥ 5), CRSsNP (n ≥ 6), and CRSwNP (n ≥ 6). Control patients (n ≥ 5) were undergoing either tumor resection or repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak and had no radiographic or endoscopic evidence of inflammatory sinus disease. Tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained for DC marker, CD209, costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, and chemokine receptors, CCR2 and CCR6. Sinus tissue lysates were examined for levels of the DC chemoattractants, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL20.ResultsAnalysis of sinus tissue from AFRS and CRSwNP revealed elevated numbers of cells staining positive for CD209, CD80, CD86, CCR2, and CCR6 compared to controls. CCL2 and CCL20 levels were elevated in AFRS and CRSwNP compared to controls, similar to increases in their receptors, CCR2 and CCR6, respectively. While there were trends toward increases in all markers in CRSsNP, none was statistically significant compared to control.ConclusionAFRS and CRSwNP have increased numbers of DCs displaying costimulatory molecules, DC chemoattractants, and their corresponding receptors in the sinus mucosa compared to controls. These differences represent a possible mechanism for increased numbers of DCs with a T helper 2 (Th2)‐skewed profile seen in CRSwNP and AFRS. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Genotoxicity investigation of ELF‐magnetic fields in Salmonella typhimurium with the sensitive SOS‐based VITOTOX test
Authors: Verschaeve Luc , Anthonissen Roel , Grudniewska Magda , Wudarski Jakub , Gevaert Lieven , Maes Annemarie 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe performed a genotoxicity investigation of extremely low‐frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs, 50 Hz, 100 and 500 µT, 1 and 2 h exposure) alone and in combination with known chemical mutagens using the VITOTOX test. This test is a very sensitive reporter assay of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria based on the SOS response. Our study showed that ELF‐MFs do not induce SOS‐based mutagenicity in S. typhimurium bacteria and do not show any synergetic effect when combined with chemical mutagens. Bioelectromagnetics 32:580–584, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated soluble CD40 ligand in diabetic patients with painless myocardial infarction
Authors: Huang Yu , Qiu Jianping , Zhang Denghai , Qiu Geng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBecause a useful biomarker for painless myocardial infarction (MI) has yet to be identified, the aim of this study was to identify a biomarker for diabetic patients with painless MI. A case‐control design was used to compare inflammatory cytokine levels among 111 patients with diabetes mellitus, including 31 patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD), 30 patients with painful MI, 20 patients with painless MI, and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched patients without CHD (control group). In addition to baseline parameters, cytokine levels, including plasma high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (HsCRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) levels, were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). No differences in baseline characteristics were observed for patients with painless MI as compared to the other patient groups. Significantly higher sCD40L, HsCRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels were detected in patients with MI, and markedly elevated sCD40L and IL‐6 levels were observed in patients with painless MI as compared to those with painful MI. sCD40L may be a useful biomarker for painless MI in diabetic patients, which could reduce misdiagnosis and expedite treatment. Further studies are required to validate the diagnostic utility of this putative biomarker as well as investigate the mechanism by which sCD40L is elevated in these patients.
Eisfische – die etwas anderen Fische. Wirbeltiere ohne Blut?
Authors: Kock Karl‐Hermann 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEisfischen fehlt das Hämoglobin. Sie können den lebenswichtigen Sauerstoff nicht – wie alle anderen Wirbeltiere –, chemisch gebunden, sondern nur in physikalischer Lösung im Blut transportieren. Dies führte zu einer Reihe von Anpassungen, wie einem größeren Herz, einem höheren Blutvolumen und größeren Gefäßdurchmessern, die die Nachteile der geringeren Sauerstofftransportkapazität nur zum Teil kompensieren. Wie Eisfische es geschafft haben, trotz dieses offensichtlichen Defizits den Lebensraum Südpolarmeer erfolgreich und in großer Zahl zu besiedeln, beschreibt dieser Artikel.
Ein Hauch von Mittelmeer im Herzen Europas. Exkursion: Saarland und Lothringen
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDie Halbtrockenrasen in den Muschelkalk‐Regionen des Saarlands sind eingebettet in die Kulturlandschaften des Biosphärenreservats Bliesgau und des Naturparks Saar‐Hunsrück. Sie weisen bemerkenswert viele wärmeliebende Arten auf, die ihren Verbreitungsschwerpunkt in der Mittelmeerregion haben. Die Trockenrasen auf den lothringischen Jura‐Kalken in der Region von Metz sind bereits stark mediterran geprägt und belegen die Rolle des Mosel‐Tals als Korridor für südliche Arten in das lothringisch‐saarländische Schichtstufenland hinein. Insbesondere Orchideen, Schmetterlinge und Heuschrecken zeigen eine außergewöhnliche Vielfalt im Saarland und in Lothringen. Einige mediterrane Arten erweitern seit einigen Jahren ihr Areal spürbar.
Mikroalgen aus der Wüste
Authors: Bergmann Peter , Rutschke Nils , Patzelt Heiko , Klöck Gerd 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDie absehbare Erschöpfung der fossilen Brennstoffe hat zu einer Reihe von industriellen Entwicklungen zur Gewinnung erneuerbarer Kraftstoffe geführt. Bioethanol aus Mais oder Biodiesel aus Palmöl werden heute kritisch betrachtet, da die landwirtschaftliche Produktion von Energiepflanzen in Konkurrenz zur Nahrungsmittelproduktion steht. Mikroalgen lassen sich dagegen im Prinzip auch dort kultivieren, wo Kulturpflanzen nicht gedeihen können.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Englbrecht Claudia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAus den FachgesellschaftenGesellschaft für Mykologie (DGfM)Ausbildung und KarriereWie weiter nach dem Bio‐Studium?Orientierung im Master‐Dschungel Aus den LandesverbändenBayernSchleswig‐Holstein
A graph‐based shape matching scheme for 3D articulated objects
Authors: Chao Min‐Wen , Lin Chao‐Hung , Chang Chih‐Chieh , Lee Tong‐Yee 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a novel graph‐based shape matching scheme for three‐dimensional articulated objects is introduced. The underlying graph structure of a given 3D model is composed of its topological skeleton and local geometric features. Matching two graph structures is generally an NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problem. To reduce computation cost, two graphs are embedded on a high‐dimensional space, and then matched based on an extension of Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). Furthermore, the symmetric components of an articulated object are determined by a voting algorithm with a self‐matching strategy to refine the matching correspondences. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust, even when the models are under the surface disturbances of noise addition, smoothing, simplification, similarity transformation, and pose deformation. In addition, the proposed approach is capable of handling both global and partial shape matching. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling ocean waves and interaction between objects and ocean water for cartoon animation
Authors: Liao Jing , Yu Jinhui , Patterson John 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a scheme for the animation of ocean waves in a recognizable drawn animation cartoon style. This consists principally of two parts: the first part is the ocean surface generated by a procedural model which governs the dynamics of the ocean surface and rendered with stylized whitewater forms over the ocean wave crests; the second part is water effects caused by interactions between the ocean water and obstacle objects, such as waves crashing against obstacles‐like rocks or boats and forms surrounding objects, and those effects are simulated with different hierarchical models. The ocean surface can be used either alone or in conjunction with effects caused by the interactions according to the scene. With minimum user intervention, i.e., specification of a few parameters, our model is able to generate cartoon ocean wave animations using these procedural methods, as shown by examples given in the paper. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation theory and anticipation for interactive virtual character in an uncertain world
Authors: Buche Cédric , Jeannin‐Girardon Anne , De Loor Pierre 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with simulations of real‐time interactive character behavior. The underlying idea is to take into account principles from cognitive science, in particular, the human ability to anticipate and simulate the world behavior. For that purpose, we propose a conceptual framework where the entity possesses an autonomous world of simulation within simulation, in which it can simulate itself (with its own model of behavior) and the environment (with an abstract representation, which can be learnt, of the other entities behaviors). This principle is illustrated by the development of an artificial juggler, which predicts the motion of balls in the air and uses its predictions to coordinate its own behavior while juggling. Thanks to this model it is possible to add a human user to launch balls that the virtual juggler can catch whilst juggling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GPU‐friendly shape interpolation based on trajectory warping
Authors: Chen Lu , Huang Jin , Zhang Hongxin , Hua Wei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a GPU‐friendly shape interpolation method. In contrast with state‐of‐the‐art interpolation algorithms, our method computes the trajectory of each vertex independently instead of solving large linear systems in every interpolation step. Given two poses being interpolated, we find trajectory parameters for each vertex by optimization with the consideration of the key pose reconstruction and as‐rigid‐as‐possible deformation in the pre‐computing stage. During run‐time, the vertices coordinates on the intermediate shape can be computed in parallel according to a close form formulation. In the results we demonstrate that our method achieves extremely high performance on modern GPU and can be extended easily to multi‐pose interpolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time smoke simulation with improved turbulence by spatial adaptive vorticity confinement
Authors: He Shengfeng , Wong Hon‐Cheng , Pang Wai‐Man , Wong Un‐Hong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTurbulence modeling has recently drawn many attentions in fluid animation to generate small‐scale rolling features. Being one of the widely adopted approaches, vorticity confinement method re‐injects lost energy dissipation back to the flow. However, previous works suffer from deficiency when large vorticity coefficient ε is used, due to the fact that constant ε is applied all over the simulated domain. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to enhance the visual effect by employing an adaptive vorticity confinement which varies the strength with respect to the helicity instead of a user‐defined constant. To further improve fine details in turbulent flows, we are not only applying our proposed vorticity confinement to low‐resolution grid, but also on a finer grid to generate sub‐grid level turbulence. Since the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved only in low‐resolution grid, this saves a significant amount of computation. Several experiments demonstrate that our method can produce realistic smoke animation with enhanced turbulence effects in real‐time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meshless simulation of brittle fracture
Authors: Liu Ning , He Xiaowei , Li Sheng , Wang Guoping 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe propose a meshless method to simulate brittle fracture. For brittle solids, stress computation can be difficult because brittle materials generally require small timesteps which bring about heavy computational burden. Furthermore, treating the brittle objects as deformable bodies will cause inevitable visual artifact. We treat the brittle objects as fully rigid bodies and solve the brittle stress distribution with Meshless Local Petrov‐Galerkin as a quasistatic problem, so visual artifact disppears and no timestep restriction exists. As a meshless framework, our method has the advantage of easy‐resampling around high stress areas to improve computation accuracy. To generate fractured pieces, unlike previous methods which explicitly track the crack propagation, we also present a novel damage based model. Our model supports user‐control of the fracture pattern which is especially useful when simulating anisotropic materials such as glass or wood. Results show that our meshless framework is physically feasible and user controllable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiproliferative Compounds of Cyphostemma greveana from a Madagascar Dry Forest
Authors: Cao Shugeng , Hou Yanpeng , Brodie Peggy , Miller James S. , Randrianaivo Richard , Rakotobe Etienne , Rasamison Vincent E. , Kingston David G. I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBioassay‐guided fractionation of the EtOH extracts obtained from a plant identified as Cyphostemma greveana Desc. (Vitaceae) led to the identification of one macrolide, lasiodiplodin (1), three sesquiterpenoids, 12‐hydroxy‐15‐oxoselina‐4,11‐diene (2), 1β,6α‐dihydroxyeudesm‐4(15)‐ene (3), and (7R*)‐opposit‐4(15)‐ene‐1β,7‐diol (5), and a new diterpenoid, 16,18‐dihydroxykolavenic acid lactone (4). All the isolates were tested against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line, and compound 4 and a fraction containing 5 as the major constituent showed antiproliferative activities with IC50 values of 0.44 μM (0.14 μg/ml) and 0.045 μg/ml, respectively. A partial synthesis of compound 5 was carried out, but the pure synthetic compound was inactive, indicating that the activity of the fraction containing it must be due to a very minor and as yet unidentified substance.
Potential O‐Acyl‐Substituted (−)‐Epicatechin Gallate Prodrugs as Inhibitors of DMBA/TPA‐Induced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Skin in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Vyas Sandeep , Manon Benu , Vir Singh Tej , Dev Sharma Pritam , Sharma Manu 
Published: April 2011

Abstract(−)‐Epicatechin‐3‐gallate (1) is one of the principal catechins of green tea and exhibits cancer‐preventive activities in various animal models. However, this compound is unstable in neutral or alkaline medium and, therefore, has a poor bioavailability. To improve its stability, O‐acyl derivatives of 1 were prepared by isolating the partially purified tea catechin fraction from green tea extract and treating it with a variety of acylating agents. The resulting derivatives, compounds 2–6, were screened for their antitumor potential against 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced squamous cell carcinogenesis of skin in mice. The results showed that the antitumor activity decreased with the increase in size of the chain length of the acyl groups, i.e., from compound 2, derivative with an Ac group, to compound 6, possessing a valeryl group. Moreover, the C4 derivative with a branched acyl chain, 5, had a lower activity than the linear C4 derivative 4. This reduction in the inhibitory activity may be due to the steric hindrance by the two Me groups. Moreover, significant increases in the protein levels analyzed by ELISA of c‐Jun, p65, and p53 were observed in the skin of DMBA/TPA treated mice, whereas mice treated with 2 and DMBA/TPA had a similar expression of these transcription factors than the control mice. The prodrug potential of the O‐acyl derivatives 2–6 showed that they were adequately stable to be absorbed intact from the intestine, more stable at gastric pH, and suitable for oral administration.
In vitro Evaluation of Antileishmanial Activity and Toxicity of Essential Oils of Artemisia absinthium and Echinops kebericho
Authors: Tariku Yinebeb , Hymete Ariaya , Hailu Asrat , Rohloff Jens 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPotential toxicity, costs, and drug‐resistant pathogens necessitate the development of new antileishmanial agents. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a major source of natural organic compounds. In this study, essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Echinops kebericho Mesfin were investigated by GC and GC/MS analyses. Isolated oils were screened for antileishmanial activity against two Leishmania strains (L. aethiopica and L. donovani), and toxicity on the human monocytic leukemia (THP‐1) cell line and red blood cells in vitro. GC/MS Analysis revealed 65 compounds (93.74%) for Artemisia absinthium and 43 compounds (92.85%) for Echinops kebericho oil. The oils contained the oxygenated monoterpene camphor (27.40%) and the sesquiterpene lactone dehydrocostus lactone (41.83%) as major constituents, respectively. Both oils showed activity against promastigote (MIC 0.0097–0.1565 μl/ml) and axenic amastigote forms (EC50 0.24–42.00 nl/ml) of both leishmania species. Weak hemolytic effect was observed for both oils, showing a slightly decreased selectivity index (SI 0.8–19.2) against the THP‐1 cell line. Among the two oils tested, E. kebericho exerted strong antileishmanial activity that was even higher than that of amphotericin B with significant cytotoxicity. This study, therefore, demonstrated the potential use of both oils as source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Potential risk of provisional stenting in left main coronary artery bifurcation in multivessel‐related acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Murasato Yoshinobu , Yamamoto Tomohiko , Suematsu Yasunori 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a case of an elderly man suffering from an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with preshock vital signs and remarkable ST–T wave depression in leads V4–V6, and ST elevation in lead aVR. Coronary angiography showed total occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA) and impending occlusion in the distal left main coronary artery (LMCA) with a tandem lesion in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). After insertion of an intra‐aortic balloon pump both the LAD and left circumflex artery (LCX) were dilated alternatively; and cross‐over stenting in the LMCA bifurcation was subsequently performed. However, total occlusion of the LCX occurred and it caused acute hemodynamic collapse and ventricular fibrillation storm. Immediate installation of percutaneous cardio‐pulmonary support system allowed stent deployment to be performed in the RCA and subsequent reopening of the LCX that led to a return to sinus rhythm. The patient recovered almost normal left ventricular wall motion and previous activity without any neurological deficit within 2 weeks. Provisional stenting in ACS in the LMCA bifurcation with multivessel disease has a potential risk of acute hemodynamic collapse; a planned two‐stent deployment strategy may assure a higher rate of safety in such cases. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Firm Resources and Corporate Venturing Investment
Authors: Chiu Yi‐Chia , Liaw Yi‐Ching , Tseng Wei‐Kuo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCorporate venturing (CV) in which established firms invest in new entrepreneurial businesses involves identifying opportunities and creating new combinations of resources to seize opportunities. Moving beyond literature that has focused predominantly on the consequences of CV, we adopt a resource‐based view to examine how knowledge‐based and organizational‐slack resources relate to the level of firm CV. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.