bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Regeneration and Flower Induction on Solanum nigrum L. from Pachamalai hills of Eastern Ghats
Authors: Kolar Amzad Basha , Vivekanandan L . , Basha M Ghouse 
Published: September 2009

Explants of Solanum nigrum L., collected from Pachamalai hills callused successfully on MS basal medium supplemented with IAA and BAP. The highest frequency of green compact callus and multiple shoots were obtained on MS containing 2.0 mg/l IAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP. The callus when cultured on MS basal medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP (3.0 - 8.0 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l) showed multiple shoot formation. The highest frequency of multiple shoots was obtained on MS containing 6.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IAA. For in vitro flowering, the node explants were cultured on MS fortified with different concentrations of BAP (2.0 - 7.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l). The highest number of multiple shoots were obtained in MS supplemented with 6.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The in vitro flowering was observed on MS containing 2,4-D and BAP 1.5 mg/l, respectively. The best rooting was obtained on MS containing 0.5 mg/l IBA. The well-rooted plants were hardened and finally planted in the garden. Key words: In vitro studies, Medicinal plant, Solanum nigrum, Node, Callus D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3264 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 43-48, 2008 (June)
Rapid Multiplication of Boerhaavia diffusa L. Through In vitro Culture of Shoot tip and Nodal Explants
Authors: Roy P. K. 
Published: September 2009

A rapid in vitro multiple shoot regeneration protocol has been developed in culture of Boerhaavia diffusa. Shoot tips and nodal segments of field grown plants were used as explants and cultured on MS supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BAP, Kn and NAA for multiplication of shoots. Maximum multiple shoots were found in MS supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. After three weeks when they were subcultured in the same medium, the number of shoots per culture increased. Addition of coconut milk in the medium enhanced the number of shoots per culture. For best rooting, well-developed shoots were excised and implanted individually in rooting medium containing half strength of MS fortified with 1.0 mg/l each of IBA and IAA. Ninety per cent of the cultured shoots produced roots within four weeks of culture. Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimated and established in soil. About 80% plantlets survived under field conditions. Key words: Regeneration, Multiple shoots, Boerhaavia diffusa, Explants D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3265 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 49-56, 2008 (June)
Improved Salt Tolerance and Morphological Variation in Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Transformed with a Catalase Gene from E. coli
Authors: Prodhan Shamsul H. , Hossain A. , Nagamiya Kenji , Komamine Atsushi , Morishima Hiroko 
Published: September 2009

In an attempt to improve the salt tolerance of rice, we introduced katE, a catalase gene of Escherichia coli, into the indica rice cultivar Kasalath. Transformation was carried out using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring a binary vector pIES6/Hm/katE which contains genes for catalase katE, hygromycine resistance gene HPT and kanamycin resistance gene NPTII in the T-DNA region. With the inclusion of acetosyringone, higher amount of transgenic cells and regenerated plants were obtained. Transformation was confirmed by PCR with katE and HPT primer. Transgenic plants at a very young stage (three - four days) were able to grow up to 15 days in 100 mM NaCl solution and seven days in 250 mM NaCl solution whereas control plants died within five days in 100 mM and seven days in 50 mM NaCl. Plants stressed for four weeks could survive for a long time and were able to flower. Different morphological characters varied in transgenic compared to control plants. Introduction of katE gene significantly improved the salt tolerance of the transgenic indica lines which could matureand set seed under stress. Key words: Rice, Oxidative stress, Enhanced salt tolerance, Transformation, Morphological variation D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3266 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 57-63, 2008 (June)
Le frisson fait-il la manifestation ?
Authors: Mariot Nicolas 
Published: September 2009

Résumé Il est fréquent de faire reposer l’efficacité intégrative reconnue aux rassemblements de foule sur les émotions éprouvées par les participants. Le « frisson dans le dos » ferait l’union des consciences, quand il n’est pas le creuset d’un engagement citoyen : voilà ce que suggèrent nombre de commentateurs observant avec tendresse les manifestations lycéennes ou estudiantines. Nuançant ce type d’argument, l’article s’efforce de discuter l’idée que les manifestations de rue auraient, de part leur seul caractère collectif, des vertus de socialisation.
La rue en toutes franchises
Authors: Mangin David 
Published: September 2009

Résumé Pour atteindre les objectifs d’une moindre dépendance automobile dans la vie quotidienne (accès à l’école, aux transports en commun, aux commerces de proximité) et créer une offre foncière plus diversifiée, il faut opposer « la ville passante », réticulaire, composée par une hiérarchie viaire connectée aux voies existantes à « la ville franchisée » au sens domanial du terme, telle qu’elle se constitue majoritairement aujourd’hui à partir d’environnements sécurisés. Ces derniers ne peuvent être combattus à partir d’un seul discours idéologique sur les méfaits de l’entre-soi ou par la dénonciation des illusions du tout-sécuritaire. L’expérience montre qu’il faut faire la démonstration aux élus, électeurs, usagers et professionnels que les enclaves programmées – et elles ne se limitent pas, loin de là, aux produits résidentiels type gated-communities – ont des conséquences directes sur la vie de la cité car ces dispositifs obligeant à de considérables parcours de contournement pour accéder aux services quotidiens.
La fonction publique française aux prises avec une double européanisation
Authors: Eymeri-Douzans Jean-Michel 
Published: September 2009

Résumé Notre fonction publique est soumise à un double mouvement d’européanisation, juridique et sociologique, qui, sans mettre en péril ses grandes règles (existence du statut, règne du concours.), remet en cause plusieurs éléments de son « compromis historique » fondamental et alimente ainsi un processus de transition historique vers un modèle de fonction publique pour partie renouvelé, dont les contours sont encore imprécis même si l’orientation générale est perceptible.
La politique orientale polonaise
Authors: Potel Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2009

Résumé Du fait de sa situation géopolitique, la Pologne a élaborée de longue date « une politique orientale ». Conçue dans l’opposition à la « souveraineté limitée » du bloc soviétique, elle rompt également avec les deux stéréotypes polonais traditionnels de la Russie : soit obscure ennemie de la Pologne et du progrès, soit libératrice des peuples. Elle envisage une autre configuration : la coexistence d’une Russie renonçant à son empire, et d’une Pologne réconciliée avec ses voisins ukrainien, lituanien et biélorusse. Tous les gouvernements depuis 1989 ont agi dans ce cadre cherchant notamment à favoriser le rapprochement entre l’Union européenne et l’Ukraine. Cette action est toutefois limitée par la nouvelle diplomatie de Vladimir Poutine, surtout après le 11 septembre 2001, avec son rapprochement des États-Unis, et par les visées stratégiques des principaux États membres de l’UE. Ces limites furent évidentes, à l’automne 2004, lors de la « révolution orange » en Ukraine, et plus récemment dans la définition de la politique énergétique européenne.
La révolution ne sera plus télévisée.
Authors: Vedel Thierry 
Published: September 2009

Résumé Alors que les médias traditionnels sont souvent accusés de dégrader la qualité de l’information et du débat politiques, l’Internet est communément présenté comme le ferment d’une nouvelle démocratie. Grâce à ses fonctionnalités, il transformerait les internautes en citoyens éclairés, offrirait de véritables forums de discussion et instaurerait un dialogue direct, que rien ne parasite, entre gouvernants et gouvernés. Mais cette vision d’une démocratie revitalisée grâce à la puissance de la technique correspond-elle aux pratiques et usages politiques de l’Internet que l’on peut observer depuis une dizaine d’années ? C’est à cette interrogation que se propose de répondre cet article en s’appuyant sur les enquêtes et études réalisées en France et à l’étranger sur le sujet.
A Short Stem Solution: Through Small Portals
Authors: Lombardi Adolph V. , Berend Keith R. , Adams Joanne B. 
Published: September 2009

While short stem design in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is not a new concept, interest has surged with the increasing popularity of less invasive techniques. Given the success of traditional stems, why consider short stems? Several reasons exist. If the goal of the tapered stem is to load preferentially proximally, achieve tight fit, and deliver stresses into proximal bone, do we need a stem at all? While long stems may prevent varus malalignment, varus malalignment of tapers does not impair results. Short stems are easier to insert, especially when using an anterior approach. Femoral preparation is accomplished with straightforward broaching without reamers. Short stems are bone conserving, violating less bone stock and providing more favorable conditions should revision be required. As with any novel device, longer follow-up is needed to fully assess shortened tapered stems. However, our early results in 640 primary THAs at up to 38 months are promising.
Usually 1 or 2 diameter sizes larger are required with the short vs standard length version of the same tapered design. Be aggressive with sizing, pushing to the largest possible. Use the broach like a rasp. Drive the component in valgus during insertion. Upon seating, do a trial reduction using the shortest available neck length. The component generally sits slightly prouder than the broach and may require additional effort to seat completely.
The Dislocator, Early and Late: The Role of Large Heads
Authors: Skeels Michael D. , Berend Keith R. , Lombardi Adolph V. 
Published: September 2009

Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a potentially devastating complication that can be difficult to manage. Many patient and mechanical factors have been associated with an increased risk of dislocation. Conservative treatments such as abduction bracing have not proven effective at treating this difficult problem. Surgical options include the use of larger femoral heads, unconstrained tripolar femoral heads, and constrained devices. While each device has its merits, there is no one-size-fits-all solution to this problem. With the development of highly cross-linked polyethylene and its superior wear characteristics and mechanical properties, the use of larger femoral heads is now available.
Twenty-six hips in 25 patients who underwent revision surgery for recurrent dislocation were treated with a femoral head ⩾36 mm in diameter. The direct lateral surgical approach was used in 24 hips, and the posterior and anterior supine intermuscular approaches were used in 1 hip each. One patient died 5 years after revision surgery, and 3 patients have not returned for clinical follow-up over the past 2 years. Four hips subsequently suffered a repeat dislocation, for a dislocation rate of 17%. Two patients underwent a subsequent surgery: 1 irrigation and debridement and 1 hardware removal. There have been no other revisions to date. Mean time to follow-up is 17.2 months. While the use of large femoral heads for the treatment of dislocation is warranted, continued follow-up is necessary.
Improved Survival and Reduced Vascular Permeability by Eliminating or Blocking 12/15-Lipoxygenase in Mouse Models of Acute Lung Injury (ALI)
Authors: Zarbock Alexander , DiStasi Matthew R. , Smith Emily , Sanders John M. , Kronke Gerhard , Harry Brian L. , von Vietinghoff Sibylle , Buscher Konrad , Nadler Jerry L. , Ley Klaus 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a prevalent disease associated with high mortality. 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) is an enzyme producing 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and 15-HETE from arachidonic acid. To test whether 12/15-LO is involved in increasing vascular permeability in the lung, we investigated the role of 12/15-LO in murine models of LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and clinically relevant acid-induced ALI. The vascular permeability increase upon LPS inhalation was abolished in Alox15−/− mice lacking 12/15-LO and in wild-type mice after pharmacological blockade of 12/15-LO. Alox15−/− mice also showed improved gas exchange, reduced permeability increase, and prolonged survival in the acid-induced ALI model. Bone marrow chimeras and reconstitution experiments revealed that 12-HETE produced by hematopoietic cells regulates vascular permeability through a CXCR2-dependent mechanism. Our findings suggest that 12/15-LO-derived 12-HETE is a key mediator of vascular permeability in acute lung injury.
IL-13-Induced Oxidative Stress via Microglial NADPH Oxidase Contributes to Death of Hippocampal Neurons In Vivo
Authors: Park Keun W. , Baik Hyung H. , Jin Byung K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the effects of IL-13, a well-known anti-inflammatory cytokine, on the thrombin-treated hippocampus in vivo. NeuN immunohistochemistry and Nissl staining revealed significant loss of hippocampal CA1 neurons upon intrahippocampal injection of thrombin. This neurotoxicity was accompanied by substantial microglial activation, as evident from OX-42 immunohistochemistry results. In parallel, Western blot analysis and hydroethidine histochemistry disclosed activation of NADPH oxidase, generation of reactive oxygen species, and oxidative damage in the hippocampal CA1 area showing hippocampal neuron degeneration. Interestingly, immunohistochemical and biochemical experiments showed that intrahippocampal injection of thrombin increased IL-13 immunoreactivity and IL-13 levels as early as 8 h after thrombin, reaching a peak at 7 days, which was maintained up to 14 days. Moreover, double-label immunohistochemistry revealed IL-13 immunoreactivity exclusively in activated microglia. IL-13-neutralizing Abs significantly rescued CA1 hippocampal neurons from thrombin neurotoxicity. In parallel, neutralization of IL-13 inhibited activation of NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species production, and oxidative damage. Additionally, IL-13 neutralization suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase and several proinflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to show that IL-13 triggers microglial NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress, leading to the degeneration of hippocampal neurons in vivo, as occurs in cases of Alzheimer’s disease.
Critical Role of TLR4 Response in the Activation of Microglia Induced by Ethanol
Authors: Fernandez-Lizarbe Sara , Pascual Maria , Guerri Consuelo 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Microglial cells are the primary immune effector cells in the brain and play a pivotal role in the neuroinflammatory processes associated with a variety of neurological and pathological disorders. Alcohol consumption induces brain damage, although the neuropathological processes are poorly understood. We previously suggested that ethanol promotes inflammatory processes in the brain, up-regulating inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways associated with IL-1RI/TLR4 receptors. In the present study we investigate whether ethanol induces microglia activation by stimulating TLR4 response and whether this response causes neuronal death and contributes to ethanol-induced neuroinflammatory damage. We demonstrate that ethanol activates microglía and stimulates NF-κB, MAPKs, and MyD88-independent (IFN regulatory factor-3, IFN-β) pathways to trigger the production of inflammatory mediators, causing neuronal death. The inflammatory response induced by ethanol is completely abrogated in microglia of TLR4-deficient mice (TLR4−/−), thus supporting the role of these receptors in microglia activation and neuronal death. In accord with the in vitro findings, acute ethanol administration induces microglia activation (CD11b+ cells) in cerebral cortex of TLR4+/+ mice, but not in TLR4−/− mice. Taken together, our results not only provide the first evidence of the critical role of the TLR4 response in the ethanol-induced microglia activation, but also new insight into the basic mechanisms participating in ethanol-induced neuroinflammatory damage.
T Cell Infiltrates in the Muscles of Patients with Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis Are Dominated by CD28null T Cells
Authors: Fasth Andreas E. R. , Dastmalchi Maryam , Rahbar Afsar , Salomonsson Stina , Pandya Jayesh M. , Lindroos Eva , Nennesmo Inger , Malmberg Karl-Johan , Söderberg-Nauclér Cecilia , Trollmo Christina , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Malmström Vivianne 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are disabling rheumatic diseases characterized by an appreciable number of T cells infiltrating muscle tissue. The precise phenotype, function and specificity of these cells remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to characterize T cells in muscle tissue and circulation and to investigate their association to clinical phenotype. Twenty-four patients with dermatomyositis and 42 with polymyositis were screened for frequency of CD4+CD28null and CD8+CD28null T cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Presence of these cells in inflamed muscle tissue from 13 of these patients was analyzed by three-color immunofluorescence microscopy. Effector functions, proliferation and Ag specificity were analyzed by flow cytometry after in vitro stimulation. The clinical relevance of CD28null T cells was analyzed by multiple regression analyses including six separate and combined disease variables. We demonstrate that muscle-infiltrating T cells are predominantly CD4+CD28null and CD8+CD28null T cells in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Muscle-infiltrating CD28null T cells were found already at time of diagnosis. Disease activity correlated with the frequency of CD8+ T cells in the inflamed muscles of polymyositis patients. Circulating CD4+CD28null and CD8+CD28null T cells were significantly more frequent in human CMV (HCMV) seropositive individuals, responded to HCMV Ag stimulation, and correlated with disease duration. These cells also display a proinflammatory cytokine profile, contain perforin and lack the costimulatory molecule CD28. Our observations imply that CD28null T cells represent clinically important effector cells in dermatomyositis and polymyositis, and that HCMV might play a role in propagating disease in a subset of patients.
The Immunological Impact of Genetic Drift in the B10.BR Congenic Inbred Mouse Strain
Authors: Fanning Stacey L. , Appel Michael Y. , Berger Stephanie A. , Korngold Robert , Friedman Thea M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The MHC-matched, minor histocompatibility Ag (miHA)-mismatched B10.BR→CBA strain combination has been used to elucidate the immunobiology of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Studies conducted in the 1980s had established that B10.BR CD8+ T cells were capable of mediating GVHD in the absence of CD4+ T cells, and that CD4+ T cells were unable to induce lethal disease. In more recent studies with this GVHD model, we detected etiological discrepancies with the previously published results, which suggested that genetic drift might have occurred within the B10.BR strain. In particular, there was increased allorecognition of CBA miHA by B10.BR CD4+ T cells, as determined by both TCR Vβ spectratype analysis and the induction of lethal GVHD in CBA recipients. Additionally, alloreactivity was observed between the genetically drifted mice (B10.BR/Jdrif) and mice rederived from frozen embryos of the original strain (B10.BR/Jrep) using Vβ spectratype analysis and IFN-γ ELISPOT assays, suggesting that new miHA differences had arisen between the mice. Furthermore, T cell-depleted B10.BR/Jdrif bone marrow cells were unable to provide long-term survival following either allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. Gene expression analysis revealed several genes involved in hematopoiesis that were overexpressed in the lineage-negative fraction of B10.BR/Jdrif bone marrow, as compared with B10.BR/Jrep mice. Taken together, these results suggest that genetic drift in the B10.BR strain has significantly impacted the immune alloreactive response in the GVHD model by causing altered expression of miHA and diminished capacity for survival following transplantation into lethally irradiated recipients.
Bacterial Surface Protein L Binds and Inactivates Neutrophil Proteins S100A8/A9
Authors: Åkerström Bo , Björck Lars 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFinegoldia magna is an anaerobic bacterial species that is part of the normal human flora on all nonsterile body surfaces, but it is also a significant opportunistic pathogen causing a wide range of infections. Some isolates of F. magna that are more frequently associated with clinical infection express protein L, a surface protein containing multiple homologous domains (B1-B5) that bind Igs through interactions with Ig L chains. The present study shows that the N-terminal A domain of protein L binds S100A8/A9, antibacterial proteins present in large amounts in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, but also extracellularly in tissues during inflammation. As a result, protein L-expressing F. magna are protected against killing by S100A8/A9. Igs and S100A8/A9 were found to interact independently with protein L, demonstrating that this bacterial surface protein is capable of manipulating both adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms.
Zinc‐Binding Protein
Znu
A
Authors: Smith Thomas J , Pakrasi Himadri B 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

ZnuA is a high‐affinity, periplasmic zinc (Zn
2+
)‐binding protein that is a component of a three‐protein ABC transport system. The overall structure of ZnuA is very similar to the previously determined structures of the periplasmic domains of the ABC metal transporters PsaA and TroA. ZnuA has a ‘C clamp’ shape, which is composed of two (β/α)
4
domains related by pseudo twofold symmetry. Also like the other metal transporters, the two domains are linked by a 33‐residue α‐helix. This likely keeps the two domains in a relatively fixed position as made evident by the lack of large domain movement upon binding and release of metal. Unlike PsaA and TroA, however, there is an extended loop near the metal‐binding cleft, which is rich in histidines and acidic residues. Structural studies demonstrate that the removal of this loop does not affect the structure of ZnuA, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies show that this loop contains low‐affinity zinc‐binding sites but does not directly affect the binding of zinc to the high‐affinity site within the cleft. Together, these results suggest that this unusual loop region may play a role in the regulation of zinc uptake when the periplasmic concentration of zinc is high.