bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anti‐tumour compound, RH1, causes mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis by activating c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase
Authors: Park Moon‐Taek , Song Min‐Jeong , Oh Eun‐Taex , Lee Hyemi , Choi Bo‐Hwa , Jeong Seong‐Yun , Choi Eun‐Kyung , Park Heon Joo 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 2,5‐diaziridinyl‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐6‐methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone (RH1) is a bioreductive agent that is activated by the two‐electron reductase NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Although the cytotoxic efficacy of RH1 against tumours has been studied extensively, the molecular mechanisms underlying this anti‐cancer activity have not yet been fully elucidated.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 2,5‐diaziridinyl‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐6‐methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone‐induced apoptosis and related signalling pathways in NQO1‐negative and NQO1‐overexpressing cells were evaluated. The role of p53 in RH1‐induced cell death was investigated using parental and p53‐deficient RKO human colorectal cancer cells by assaying clonogenic cell survival. Specific inhibitors and siRNAs targeting factors involved in RH1‐induced apoptosis were used to clarify the roles played by such factors in RH1‐activated apoptotic signalling pathways.KEY RESULTS 2,5‐diaziridinyl‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐6‐methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone induced apoptosis and clonogenic death, dependent on NQO1 and p53. Treatment of NQO1‐overexpressing cells with RH1 caused rapid disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (Endo G) from mitochondria, and subsequent caspase‐independent apoptotic cell death. siRNA targeting AIF and Endo G effectively attenuated RH1‐induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, RH1 induced cleavage of Bax, which targets mitochondria. RH1 significantly activated the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and inhibition of this pathway suppressed RH1‐induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. RH1‐induced generation and mitochondrial translocation of cleaved Bax were blocked by the JNK inhibitor, SP600125. Inhibition of JNK with SP600125 attenuated the mitochondrial translocation of JNK.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 2,5‐diaziridinyl‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐6‐methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone activated JNK, resulting in mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic cell death that was NQO1‐dependent.
δ‐Opioid receptors stimulate GLUT1‐mediated glucose uptake through Src‐ and IGF‐1 receptor‐dependent activation of PI3‐kinase signalling in CHO cells
Authors: Olianas Maria C , Dedoni Simona , Onali Pierluigi 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAlthough opioids have been reported to affect glucose homeostasis, relatively little is known on the role of δ‐opioid receptors. We have investigated the regulation of glucose transport by human δ‐opioid receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe uptake of [3H]‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and 3‐O‐[methyl‐[3H]]‐D‐glucose in response to δ‐opioid receptor ligands and the expression of GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 glucose transporters were examined. Moreover, the effects of intracellular signal transduction inhibitors on δ‐opioid receptor‐regulated [3H]‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose uptake and protein phosphorylation were investigated.KEY RESULTSActivation of δ‐opioid receptors rapidly stimulated [3H]‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and 3‐O‐[methyl‐[3H]]‐D‐glucose uptakes, which were blocked by the GLUT inhibitors cytochalasin B and phloretin. The stimulation of [3H]‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose uptake that occurred without a change in plasma membrane GLUT1 – required the coupling to Gi/Goproteins – was independent of cAMP and extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases, and was suppressed by blockade of Src and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) tyrosine kinases. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) by wortmannin or LY294002 and by PI3Kα, but not γ, isoform‐selective inhibitors greatly reduced the δ‐opioid receptor stimulation of glucose uptake. Moreover, the response was attenuated by overexpressing a dominant‐negative kinase‐deficient Akt form and by chemical inhibition of Akt. Stimulation of δ‐opioid receptors increased protein kinase Cζ/λ (PKCζ/λ) phosphorylation and a selective PKCζ/λ inhibitor slightly reduced opioid stimulation of glucose uptake.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSδ‐Opioid receptors stimulated glucose transport probably by enhancing GLUT1 intrinsic activity through a signalling cascade involving Gi/Go, Src, IGF‐1R, PI3Kα, Akt and, to a minor extent, PKCζ/λ. This effect may contribute to the opioid regulation of glucose homeostasis in physio‐pathological conditions.
Cattle Farmers’ Preferences for Disease‐Free Zones in Kenya: An application of the Choice Experiment Method
Authors: Otieno David Jakinda , Ruto Eric , Hubbard Lionel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractManagement of livestock diseases is important in ensuring food safety to consumers in both domestic and export markets. Various measures are prescribed under the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) agreement of the World Trade Organization. In order to prevent the spread of trans‐boundary cattle diseases, the SPS agreement recommends the establishment of Disease‐Free Zones (DFZs). These have been implemented successfully in some major beef‐exporting countries, but in Kenya are still at a pilot stage. To understand Kenyan farmers’ preferences on the type of DFZ that would be readily acceptable to them, a choice experiment was conducted using a D‐optimal design. Results show that farmers would be willing to pay to participate in a DFZ where: adequate training is provided on pasture development, record keeping and disease monitoring; market information is provided and sales contract opportunities are guaranteed; cattle are properly labelled for ease of identification; and some monetary compensation is provided in the event that cattle die due to severe disease outbreaks. Preferences for the DFZ attributes are shown to be heterogeneous across three cattle production systems. We also derive farmers’ preferences for various DFZ policy scenarios. The findings have important implications for policy on the design of DFZ programmes in Kenya and other countries that face similar cattle disease challenges.
Propionibacterium acnes vaccination induces regulatory T cells and Th1 immune responses and improves mouse atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kitagawa Hiroshi , Yamanaka Keiichi , Kakeda Masato , Inada Hiroyasu , Imai Yasutomo , Gabazza Esteban C , Kurokawa Ichiro , Mizutani Hitoshi 
Published: January 2011

Abstract:  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease characterized by a polarized Th2 immune response. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been shown to elicit strong Th1 immune responses. We hypothesized that the host immune response to P. acnes will prevent the development of AD. To demonstrate this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of P. acnes vaccination on AD that occurs in keratin 14/driven caspase‐1 transgenic mouse. Vaccination with low dose of P. acnes successfully prevented clinical manifestations in the skin of AD mice associated with systemic and cutaneous increased expression of Th1‐type cytokines but without suppression of Th2 cytokines. Interestingly, the numbers of IFN‐γ+T cells, FoxP3+CD4+CD25+T cells (nTreg) and IL‐10+T cells (Tr1) were significantly increased in the spleen. P. acnes vaccination has effects to alter the cytokine milieu and may be useful for the improvement of atopic symptom.
New developments in fluorescence diagnostics
Authors: Hegyi Juraj , Hegyi Vladimir , Ruzicka Thomas , Arenberger Petr , Berking Carola 
Published: January 2011

SummaryIn the last decade, significant advances have been achieved in the direct viewing of the skin. Non‐invasive analysis of various skin diseases in vivo has become possible by special skin display devices, allowing the physician to view the structure and properties of the skin in greater detail than can be achieved by simple visual examination. We review the last 100 years of fluorescence imaging development from clinical observation to advanced spectral imaging, addressing the role of fluorescence diagnostics (FD) in modern dermatology as well as the detection of autofluorescence.
Factor‐inhibiting hypoxia‐inducible factor (FIH) catalyses the post‐translational hydroxylation of histidinyl residues within ankyrin repeat domains
Authors: Yang Ming , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Ge Wei , Hamed Refaat B. , McDonough Michael A. , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Kessler Benedikt M. , Cockman Matthew E. , Ratcliffe Peter J. , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: January 2011

Factor‐inhibiting hypoxia‐inducible factor (FIH) is an Fe(II)/2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase that acts as a negative regulator of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) by catalysing β‐hydroxylation of an asparaginyl residue in its C‐terminal transcriptional activation domain (CAD). In addition to the hypoxia‐inducible factor C‐terminal transcriptional activation domain (HIF‐CAD), FIH also catalyses asparaginyl hydroxylation of many ankyrin repeat domain‐containing proteins, revealing a broad sequence selectivity. However, there are few reports on the selectivity of FIH for the hydroxylation of specific residues. Here, we report that histidinyl residues within the ankyrin repeat domain of tankyrase‐2 can be hydroxylated by FIH. NMR and crystallographic analyses show that the histidinyl hydroxylation occurs at the β‐position. The results further expand the scope of FIH‐catalysed hydroxylations.Database
The coordinates for the structure have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe; http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe) under accession code 2y0iStructured digital abstract

FIH
and TNKS‐1 hydroxylate by enzymatic study (View Interaction 1, 2)

FIH
and Tankyrase‐2 bind by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)

FIH
and Tankyrase‐2 hydroxylate by enzymatic study (View Interaction 1, 2, 3)

FIH
and TRPV4 hydroxylate by enzymatic study (View interaction)

GABPB2
and FIH hydroxylate by enzymatic study (View interaction)
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2010–30 November 2010
Authors:   Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, AGOSTINI CECILIA , AGUDELO P. A. , BÂ K. , BARBER P. A. , BISOL PAOLO MARIA , BROUAT C. , BURGESS TREENA I. , CALVES I. , CARRILLO AVILA MAURICIO , CHOW S. , CORDES LISA , DA SILVA D. , DALECKY A. , DE MEESTER L. , DOADRIO IGNACIO , DOBIGNY G. , DUPLANTIER J. M. , EVISON SOPHIE E. F. , FORD REBECCA , FRESNEAU DOMINIQUE , GALETTI PEDRO M. , GAUTHIER P. , GELDOF S. , GRANJON L. , GUÉRIN F. , HARDY GILES E. , HERNANDEZ ESCOBAR CARLOS , HIMA K. , HU JUAN , HUANG LUQI , HUMEAU L. , JANSEN B. , JAQUEMET S. , JIANG ZHI‐QIANG , JUNG SUNG‐JU , KIM BONG‐SEOK , KIM CHEOL‐HEE , KIM JONG‐OH , LAI CHOAY‐HOONG , LAROCHE J. , LAVERGNE E. , LAWTON‐RAUH A. , LE CORRE M. , LEACH M. M. , LEE JEHEE , LEO AUDREY E. , LICHTENZVEIG JUDITH , LIN LIN , LINDE CELESTE C. , LIU SHU‐FANG , MARINO ILARIA A. M. , McKEOWN NIALL J. , NOHARA K. , OH MYUNG‐JOO , OKAMOTO H. , OLIVER RICHARD , OLIVERA ANGEL MARTHA , ORNELAS‐GARCÍA CLAUDIA PATRICIA , ORSINI L. , OSTOS ALFONSO HENRY , OTHMAN A. S. , PAPETTI CHIARA , PATARNELLO TOMASO , PEDRAZA‐LARA CARLOS , PILLER KYLE R. , POTEAUX CHANTAL , REQUIER J.‐B. , ROZIANA M. K. , SEMBA Y. , SEMBENE M. , SHAH RAMISAH M. , SHAHRIL A. R. , SHAO AIJUAN , SHAW PAUL W. , SONG LIANGKE , SOUZA FERREIRA RONARA , SU YONG‐QUAN , SUZUKI N. , TATARD C. , TAYLOR KATHERINE M. , TAYLOR PAUL W. J. , THIAM M. , VALBUENA RUBEN , WANG HE , YANG BYUNG‐GYOO , YUAN QINGJUN , ZAJONZ U. , ZANE LORENZO , ZHU LING , ZHUANG ZHI‐MENG , ZULAIHA A. R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article documents the addition of 277 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Ascochyta rabiei, Cambarellus chapalanus, Chionodraco hamatus, Coptis omeiensis, Cynoscion nebulosus, Daphnia magna, Gerbillus nigeriae, Isurus oxyrinchus, Lates calcarifer, Metacarcinus magister, Oplegnathus fasciatus, Pachycondyla verenae, Phaethon lepturus, Pimelodus grosskopfii, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Scomberomorus niphonius, Sepia esculenta, Terapon jarbua, Teratosphaeria cryptica and Thunnus obesus. These loci were cross‐tested on the following species: Austropotamobius italicus, Cambarellus montezumae, Cambarellus puer, Cambarellus shufeldtii, Cambarellus texanus, Chionodraco myersi, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, Coptis chinensis, Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala, Coptis deltoidea, Coptis teeta, Orconectes virilis, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Pimelodus bochii, Procambarus clarkii, Pseudopimelodus bufonius, Rhamdia quelen, Sepia andreana, Sepiella maindroni, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus maccoyii, Thunnus orientalis, Thunnus thynnus and Thunnus tonggol.
Stand development following precommercial thinning and fertilization treatments in a western redcedar (Thuja plicata) dominated forest
Authors: Harrington Constance A. , Devine Warren D. 
Published: January 2011

Western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don.) is an important North American tree species, but little information is available on its long-term responses to silvicultural treatments. Stand responses (mortality, ingrowth, basal area and volume growth, and distributions of trees by diameter and height classes) were followed for 25 years after thinning and fertilization treatments (alone and in combination) were applied to a naturally regenerated, low site quality western redcedar stand on the Olympic Peninsula in western Washington, USA. Mortality was low overall, but the densest stands experienced competition-related mortality. Thinning resulted in additional stem recruitment; after 25 years, the number of ingrowth trees exceeded the number of trees in the cohort left after thinning. Fertilization (with nitrogen and phosphorus) flattened size distributions and skewed them to larger size classes. Thinning plus fertilization resulted in the largest individual trees and the most large trees, but also many trees in a wide range of diameter classes. The recruitment of a second cohort did not result in a two-storied stand. Fertilization without thinning resulted in the greatest stand basal area and volume, as well as trees with fewer live lower branches.
Economic modeling of woody biomass utilization for bioenergy and its application in central Appalachia, USA
Authors: Wu Jinzhuo , Wang Jingxin , McNeel Joseph 
Published: January 2011

A mixed integer programming model was developed to estimate the delivered cost of woody biomass, including the costs associated with stumpage, bundling (if any), extraction, storage, loading and hauling, and chipping–grinding under different woody biomass handling systems. The model was designed to optimize a woody biomass based biofuel facility’s location with the objective of minimizing the total annual delivered cost of woody biomass under resource and operational constraints. The model was applied in the central Appalachian region within the state of West Virginia. Results showed that the optimal plant location would be at Addison or Grantsville in West Virginia, depending on the system used when daily demand is 900 tonnes of dry woody biomass. For that base-case scenario, the average delivered cost ranged from $2.30·GJ–1to $3.02·GJ–1across the systems. Extensive sensitivity analysis was performed under different scenarios, including biomass availability and purchase–stumpage price, demand, extraction distance, and fuel pricing. The delivered cost was mostly affected by woody biomass demand. Skidding distance had the least impact on the delivered cost. The results would be useful in facilitating the research and economic development of woody biomass utilization for bioenergy in the region.
Site index of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in relation to different measures of site quality in Ireland
Authors: Farrelly Niall , Ní Dhubháin Áine , Nieuwenhuis Maarten 
Published: January 2011

To examine the relationships between Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) site index and site quality variables, we sampled 201 Sitka spruce stands covering the entire range of sites supporting the growth of the species in Ireland. Site index varied significantly with climate and climate surrogate variables, some site quality variables, soil physical and chemical properties, edatopes (combinations of soil nutrient and moisture regimes), rotation types, provenance, and fertilizer regimes. We developed a series of models to predict site index using climate, site, soil physical and chemical properties, edaphic variables, and management factors as predictor variables. Soil nutrient regime (SNR) exhibited the strongest relationship of all variables examined in the study, explaining 51% of the variation in site index, with site index increasing with increasing SNR. We found that edaphic variables of soil moisture regime and SNR produced the best prediction of site index. The species showed the best development on fresh to very moist sites, with rich to very rich soil nutrient regimes. We also developed a composite model explaining 62% of the variation in site index and an elevation zone model (>300 m) explaining 74% of the variation in site index.
Long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil chemistry in three Scots pine stands in Sweden
Authors: Ring Eva , Jacobson Staffan , Högbom Lars 
Published: January 2011

Adding nitrogen to coniferous forests on mineral soils will increase stem-wood growth in most boreal forests. The addition of nitrogen affects soils and waters as well. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization at different intensities on soil chemistry in nitrogen-limited ecosystems. The study was performed at three experimental sites that were originally established around 1980 in Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. Fertilization regimes with applications ranging from conceivable commercial rates to very intensive rates (3× 150 kg N·ha–1 up to 12× 150 kg N·ha–1) had been applied. Samples were collected from the FH horizon at all sites and 0–20 cm in the mineral soil at two sites and analyzed for pH and major nutrients. The carbon to nitrogen ratio in the FH horizon decreased with increasing total nitrogen application, while the concentrations and contents of nitrogen and exchangeable magnesium and phosphorus increased. The concentration and contents of exchangeable potassium decreased in both the FH horizon and the mineral soil. In general, larger effects on soil chemistry were observed with increasing fertilization intensity.
An exotic insect and pathogen disease complex reduces aboveground tree biomass in temperate forests of eastern North America
Authors: Busby Posy E. , Canham Charles D. 
Published: January 2011

Forests store a large portion of global carbon in tree and soil biomass. However, our understanding of the factors that may reduce rates of forest carbon accumulation is incomplete. This study examines the impact of an exotic insect and fungal pathogen disease on aboveground tree biomass in forests of eastern North America. We determine how beech bark disease (BBD) — a pervasive but nonextirpating disease — influences the growth and survival of its host tree, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., and the effects of changes in the demography of this late-successional dominant tree species on total stand-level aboveground tree biomass. Our analyses use US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data from eastern states located along a gradient in the time since introduction of BBD. In Maine, where BBD has been present for >50 years, we observed reduced growth and survival of the host tree and reduced overall stand-level aboveground tree biomass compared with states where BBD arrived more recently. Additionally, there is a negative relationship between host tree abundance and overall stand-level aboveground tree biomass. Where beech is most abundant, BBD results in substantial declines in aboveground tree biomass (e.g., 11% in Maine); where beech is less abundant, we expect more modest declines (1%–4%).
Fire severity as a determinant factor of the decomposition rate of fire-killed black spruce in the northern boreal forest
Authors: Boulanger Yan , Sirois Luc , Hébert Christian 
Published: January 2011

Several attributes might influence the decomposition process of fire-killed trees. Here, we tested various tree- and plot-level variables on the decomposition rate of fire-killed black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in the northern boreal forest. Data were collected from 474 individuals burned 17 years prior to sampling. Mean decomposition rate was relatively slow (k = 0.013) and was lowest for severely burned snags (k = 0.001) and highest for lightly burned logs (k = 0.027–0.036). Vertical position and fire severity were the most important variables influencing the decomposition rates, while plot-level variables were marginally significant. Both predictors strongly influenced the moisture content of fire-killed trees. Logs with greater contact with the ground and lightly burned trees had higher moisture content and faster decomposition rates. Very severely burned trees had lower moisture content because of faster bark shedding. This hampered the decomposition process by slowing the snag falling rate. Higher decomposition rates in lightly burned trees may result from greater colonization by early xylophagous species. By having a considerable impact on the decomposition of woody debris, fire severity may strongly influence many post-fire biological processes related to the woody necromass as well as carbon emission from burned stands.
IMP-1 Displays Cross-Talk with K-Ras and Modulates Colon Cancer Cell Survival through the Novel Proapoptotic Protein CYFIP2
Authors: Mongroo Perry S. , Noubissi Felicite K. , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Kalabis Jiri , King Catrina E. , Johnstone Cameron N. , Bowser Mark J. , Castells Antoni , Spiegelman Vladimir S. , Rustgi Anil K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein-1 (IMP-1) is an oncofetal protein that binds directly to and stabilizes oncogenic c-Myc and regulates, in turn, its posttranscriptional expression and translation. In contrast to normal adult tissue, IMP-1 is reexpressed and/or overexpressed in human cancers. We show that knockdown of c-Myc in human colon cancer cell lines increases the expression of mature let-7 miRNA family members and downregulates several of its mRNA targets: IMP-1, Cdc34, and K-Ras. We further show that loss of IMP-1 inhibits Cdc34, Lin-28B, and K-Ras, suppresses SW-480 cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, and promotes caspase- and lamin-mediated cell death. We also found that IMP-1 binds to the coding region and 3′UTR of K-Ras mRNA. RNA microarray profiling and validation by reverse transcription PCR reveals that the p53-inducible proapoptotic protein CYFIP2 is upregulated in IMP-1 knockdown SW480 cells, a novel finding. We also show that overexpression of IMP-1 increases c-Myc and K-Ras expression and LIM2405 cell proliferation. Furthermore, we show that loss of IMP-1 induces Caspase-3- and PARP-mediated apoptosis, and inhibits K-Ras expression in SW480 cells, which is rescued by CYFIP2 knockdown. Importantly, analysis of 228 patients with colon cancers reveals that IMP-1 is significantly upregulated in differentiated colon tumors (P ≤ 0.0001) and correlates with K-Ras expression (r = 0.35, P ≤ 0.0001) relative to adjacent normal mucosa. These findings indicate that IMP-1, interrelated with c-Myc, acts upstream of K-Ras to promote survival through a novel mechanism that may be important in colon cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Res; 71(6); 2172–82. ©2011 AACR.