bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Estimation of Water Injection Profiles From Temperature Surveys
Authors: Nowak T.J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The heat flow processes determining the injection and shut-in temperaturelogs in a water injection well have been analyzed and the theoretical basis fordetermining the water injectivity profiles from the temperature logs has beenpresented. Both the injection and the subsequent shut-in logs are necessary toresolve the injection interval into relative water intake strata; the former, to provide an accurate estimation of the thicknesses of the strata, and the latter to indicate themajor and minor intake rates into the strata. A procedure is described forestimating the injectivity profile from the temperature logs and is applied toseveral temperature logs. For a water injection well, a comparison is made ofthe injectivity profiles obtained from the core analysis, the spinner survey, and the temperature logs.

Introduction
In secondary recovery of oil by water flooding, the injectivity profile isneeded to obtain diagnostic evaluation of water intake distribution over theinjection interval. If the distribution is unfavorable among the variousstrata, corrective measures can be taken to provide better control.
Numerous methods have been developed for determining the injectivity profilefrom water velocity measurements in well bores. Often, dependence is placedupon core analyses and/or electric logs for estimating the relative waterintakes over the injection interval. In many cases, the temperature log methoddescribed herein will give results more diagnostic than those obtained throughuse of the other available methods inasmuch as it is based upon the study oftemperature disturbances in and around the well bore as a function of waterflow in the well bore and in the formation.
This method is the result of analyses of a number of temperature surveysmade in water injection wells to determine the point of entry of the water intothe formation. The material in this paper is presented in two sections: thefirst deals with the theoretical study of temperature survey data, and thesecond deals with the field application.
T.P. 3637
Performance Predictions Incorporating Gravity Drainage and Gas Cap Pressure Maintenance - LL-370 Area, Bolivar Coastal Field
Authors: McCord D.R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Data of a known statistical quality has been successfully used in a systemof conventional fluid mechanics equations essentially free of empirical"conformance" factors to predict early detailed field GOR's in areservoir where gravity drainage is important and oil and rock properties varyconsiderably. The system is useful where comparative recovery predictions forone or more cases of natural depletion and gas cap pressure maintenance areneeded and the reservoir is not too heterogeneous.

Introduction
Many authors, have examined various facets of the gravity drainage-gas cappressure maintenance problem over the last several years. Two of them, Burtchaell and Elkins, have published practical studies. In the case describedin the present paper the best development and operating plan for one of theimportant reservoirs of the Bolivar Coastal Field in Western Venezuela wasurgently needed. It was requested that sound comparative economics be presentedalong with an engineering evaluation of no additional drilling, maximumdrilling, several cases of gas pressure maintenance, of water flooding andcombination cases. A rapid analysis of the effect on recovery of the range ofcrude and rock properties indicated that none of the published methods usingaverage properties would yield adequate comparative predictions. This papercovers the predictive system developed to deal with natural depletion and gascap pressure maintenance.
The large amount of data available for this field permitted statisticallyreliable correlations to be made of most rock and oil properties, and theevident smooth areal variations of these properties encouraged the constructionof a lineal mathematical model of material balance and fluid flow equations, which could be manipulated by a modified iterative procedure. The manipulationis much more adaptable to computing machines than manually operated calculatorsand subsequent studies have been prepared for the IBM Card Program Calculator.A matrix as opposed to linear model has been tentatively worked out by othermembers of our group to deal with more heterogeneous reservoirs. It is moreadaptable to computers such as IBM-701 or the Remington-Rand Univac. In 1950, when the system reported below was developed, no rapid computing machines wereavailable to the author. Their existence and promise encouraged an initialapproach by hand.
Some details of oil and rock property correlation are included because thereare a surprisingly large number of medium-sized reservoirs in the world thatshow systematic property variations which are significant for a rigorousanalysis. All large reservoirs (over half a billion barrels recovery) withwhich the author is familiar contain at minimum a significant temperaturevariation.
T.P. 3653
The Ideal Diabetes Therapy: What Will It Look Like? How Close Are We?
Authors: Rotenstein Lisa S. , Kozak Benjamin M. , Shivers Joseph P. , Yarchoan Mark , Close John , Close Kelly L. 
Published: April 2012

IN BRIEF
Although the number of diabetes treatments has substantially increased in the past two decades, today's therapies are considered far from ideal. Yet, what constitutes an ideal therapy is not readily clear, as diabetes drug therapies are regularly judged both by their effects on glycemia and by a wide variety of nonglycemic metrics. This review describes the characteristics of an ideal diabetes therapy from the perspective of patients, physicians, payors, and financial analysts and examines how well currently available therapies and several late-stage candidates meet these guideposts.
The Impact of Maternal and Household Characteristics on Childhood Impairments and Disabilities in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Naila Z , Ferdous Shamim , Mahbub Mustafa , Mobarak Reaz , Parveen Monowara , Mont Daniel , Durkin Maureen 
Published: April 2012

Objective: To examine the risk factors associated with impairments and disabilities in children in Bangladesh.Methods: A two-stage methodology for identifying children with disabilities was employed in the Kishoreganj district of Bangladesh in 2001-2002. Ordered and generalized logit regressions were used to examine the correlation of childhood impairment and disability with a number of potential risk factors.Results: Children with consanguineous parents were 43.5% more likely to have an impairment; and poor children were 23.1% more likely. Maternal education reduced the chances of impairments developing into disabilities by 35%. Differences in risk factors existed between mild and severe disabilities. For example, boys were 66% more likely to have mild disabilities but not severe ones.Conclusions: Consanguinity and poverty are major factors associated with impairments, but maternal education might be an important tool towards limiting the probability of those impairments progressing to disabilities. Evidence also suggests that the causes of severe disabilities are significantly different from those causing mild disabilities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i2.10353 Bangladesh J Child Health 2011; VOL 35 (2): 41-48
Genetic Ancestry, Serum Interferon-α Activity, and Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: KO KICHUL , FRANEK BEVERLY S. , MARION MIRANDA , KAUFMAN KENNETH M. , LANGEFELD CARL D. , HARLEY JOHN B. , NIEWOLD TIMOTHY B. 
Published: April 2012

Objective.To investigate and refine the relationships among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related autoantibodies, interferon-α (IFN-α), and various ancestral backgrounds.Methods.We investigated quantitatively defined genetic ancestry through principal component analysis in place of self-reported ancestry.Results.African ancestry was found to be associated with presence of anti-RNP antibody (p = 0.0026), and anti-RNP was correlated with high levels of IFN-α (p = 2.8 × 10−5).Conclusion.Our data support a model in which African ancestry increases the likelihood of SLE-associated autoantibody formation, which subsequently results in higher levels of serum IFN-α.
Urinary Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule, But Not Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin, Is Associated with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: KIANI ADNAN N. , WU TIANFU , FANG HONG , ZHOU XIN J. , AHN CHUL W. , MAGDER LAURENCE S. , MOHAN CHANDRA , PETRI MICHELLE 
Published: April 2012

Objective.Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), an adhesion molecule, is involved in the progression of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a member of the lipocalin superfamily, has been shown to rise in both acute and chronic kidney damage. Both VCAM-1 and NGAL have been found at high levels in the urine of patients with active lupus nephritis. We investigated both as potential biomarkers for lupus nephritis.Methods.VCAM-1 and NGAL were measured by ELISA during 1 to 8 clinic visits in 107 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 91% women, 51% black, 36% white, 4% Asian, 4% Hispanic, and 5% others) for a total of 190 visits. Patients’ mean age was 41 years. We analyzed the relationship between these potential urine biomarkers and the urine protein/creatinine ratio (urine Pr/Cr), the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) renal activity score, SLE Disease Activity Index renal descriptors, and other clinical variables.Results.VCAM-1 levels were strongly associated with the physician’s global estimate of disease activity (p = 0.0002), the renal visual analog scale (p < 0.0001), the urine Pr/Cr (p < 0.0001), and SLICC renal activity score (p < 0.0001). VCAM-1 levels were also associated with a urine Pr/Cr ≥ 0.5 (p < 0.0001). NGAL was not associated with any measure of disease activity or with lupus serologies.Conclusion.Urine VCAM-1 had a strong association with measures of disease activity, including multiple renal activity descriptors. In contrast to previous SLE studies, NGAL failed to show any association with lupus nephritis.
Rituximab Therapy Leads to Reduced Imprints of Receptor Revision in Immunoglobulin κ and λ Light Chains
Authors: PALANICHAMY ARUMUGAM , MUHAMMAD KHALID , ROLL PETRA , KLEINERT STEFAN , DÖRNER THOMAS , TONY HANS-PETER 
Published: April 2012

Objective.Transient B cell depletion by rituximab (RTX) has become a specific treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although phenotypic repopulation kinetics of B cell subsets are well documented, precise molecular analyses of the reconstituting immunoglobulin (Ig) genes encoding the B cell receptor in RA are sparse.Methods.A total of 708 individual CD19+CD27+ (memory) and CD19+CD27– (naive) B cells from 2 patients with RA were analyzed at baseline and 7 months after RTX at B cell repopulation. Ig light chain variable kappa (Vκ) and lambda (Vλ) light chain gene rearrangements were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed with a focus on receptor revision.Results.The naive as well as the memory repertoire repopulated polyclonally with diverse use of variable light chain gene families and minigenes. During the reconstitution phase, B cells used significantly fewer Jκ distal Vκ genes (p = 0.0006), with a higher frequency of somatic hypermutation of rearrangements employing Jκ5 compared to baseline in memory B cells. The use of Vλ rearrangements in regenerating B cells was also biased toward use of Vλ genes of the proximal cassette. In general, reemerging CD27+ Ig light chain genes were substantially more highly mutated than before RTX therapy (p < 0.0001, baseline vs during reconstitution).Conclusion.Our data indicate that RTX therapy leads to generation of distinct Vκ/Jκ and Vλ/Jλ gene repertoires consistent with replenishment of antigen-experienced B cells by germinal centers. At baseline, the imprints of receptor revision appeared to be more striking, which indicates that receptor revision is active in patients with RA and can be reduced by RTX.
Une petite bourgeoisie au pouvoir
Authors: Bruneau Ivan , Renahy Nicolas 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Qu’est devenue la « petite bourgeoisie rurale » ? Une enquête réalisée en Bourgogne révèle l’émergence, depuis les années 1970, d’un nouveau groupe disposant d’un capital culturel relativement important, qui a pris un poids prépondérant dans les compétitions politiques des bourgs ruraux. Pour ses membres, l’espace politique local, marqué par le retrait progressif de la bourgeoisie économique, offre une opportunité commune de distinction dans un monde rural avant tout caractérisé par la forte permanence des classes populaires et la moindre centralité de l’agriculture. Ascension sociale, détention d’un capital scolaire, positions d’encadrement et développement d’un entre-soi fondent l’appartenance à cette petite bourgeoisie. Pour autant, l’observation des élections municipales de 2008 indique que ce groupe est loin d’être homogène. La petite bourgeoisie culturelle se démarque de la petite bourgeoisie d’exécution, notamment par une plus grande distance pratique au populaire. Mais cette conflictualité interne ne fait elle-même qu’assurer les délimitations du groupe.
Le capital culturel non certifié comme mode d'accès aux classes moyennes
Authors: Bernard Lise 
Published: April 2012

Résumé À partir d’une enquête ethnographique sur les agents immobiliers, cet article met en évidence que l’accès aux classes moyennes, généralement associé à la détention de capital économique ou de capital scolaire, peut aussi reposer sur un capital culturel non certifié qui se traduit par une aisance dans le maniement du langage, des manières d’être et une familiarité avec les milieux sociaux intermédiaires et élevés. Dans cet article, la notion de capital culturel non certifié renvoie, dans un sens restreint, à des façons d’être socialement sélectives liées à un fond culturel familial et, dans un sens large, à des ressources culturelles acquises au cours d’expériences socialisatrices hétérogènes s’inscrivant souvent dans une trajectoire sociale peu commune et pouvant servir d’appui à la réussite économique. L’article montre que ces ressources culturelles non scolaires sont précieuses aux agents immobiliers : elles les aident à s’entretenir avec leurs clients, à saisir leur demande et à gagner leur confiance.
Parler des classes dans une société présumée égalitaire
Authors: Faber Stine Thidemann , Prieur Annick 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le Danemark illustre les discussions sur les significations contemporaines des classes sociales. Les différences de revenus y sont relativement modérées et la redistribution effectuée par l’État-providence, les services publics et les impôts y est importante, même si les formes anciennes d’inégalité (en matière de richesse économique, d’espérance de vie, d’accès à l’enseignement secondaire) perdurent. Les mécanismes par lesquels les inégalités et les divisions de classes sont retraduites dans d’autres modes de catégorisation sont ici étudiés dans le contexte de la ville danoise d’Aalborg, un ancien bastion de l’industrie et du syndicalisme qui s’est réorienté vers une économie post-industrielle. Cet article analyse d’un côté la représentation de la ville et de ses différenciations sociales telles qu’elles apparaissent dans la presse, et d’un autre les visions des divisions sociales qui ont été recueillies dans une série d’entretiens réalisés auprès d’habitantes d’Aalborg. Ces deux types de matériaux, par-delà leurs différences, permettent de mettre en évidence la persistance de discours de classes mais aussi la dissimulation dont celles-ci font l’objet : c’est de manière indirecte et floue que les inégalités de classes semblent perçues.
Virtual reality modeling language : et si nous assistions au dépassement de Lacan et de Vygotski ?
Authors: Coulardeau Jacques 
Published: April 2012

Nous avons découvert à Bournemouth (Grande-Bretagne) le rôle capital de la culture de l’apprenant comme motivation pour celui-ci, et dans cette culture, l’informatique tient une place centrale. La réalité virtuelle (RV) pour l’Internet se fonde sur deux langages-machine, le VRML et Java. Ce sont des langues industrielles pures, relayées par des langues pédagogiques en direction du grand public. La possession de ces langues ouvre un monde virtuel de masse qui représente une industrie et un commerce au développement exponentiel. Mais la pratique de la VR sur l’Internet rend largement caduques les approches de Vygotski (zone proche de développement) et de Lacan (l’Autre et l’Autorité voient leur position systémique dans le carré du sujet totalement déplacée). Nous franchissons une limite en pédagogie, fondée sur l’autocentrage et le giovannisme de l’apprenant : première étape d’une révolution didactique. Cela démultiplie le processus d’acquisition du savoir et tous les dangers envisageables ne sont que des résistances d’arrière-garde.
English for specific purposes (ESP) et français sur objectifs spécifiques (FOS) : le préalable du contenu préalable
Authors: Lehmann Denis 
Published: April 2012

L’état comparatif de l’ESP et du FOS amène d’abord à pointer la totale disproportion existant entre les deux marchés linguistiques et éditoriaux ; puis à souligner le poids tout particulier des facteurs « politiques » en FOS. Autre asymétrie, encore, que l’influence persistante des thèses anglo-saxonnes sur les positions françaises au plan méthodologique. Schématiquement décrit, celui-ci se caractérise dans les deux secteurs par la coexistence de trois mêmes courants, toujours concurrents bien qu’inégalement porteurs. Mais si l’on s’accorde assez bien aujourd’hui pour se défier de démarches trop systématiques et prêter une attention croissante aux modalités de l’apprentissage, les didacticiens français demeurent, quant à eux, particulièrement sensibles à la nécessité méthodologique d’un contenu d’enseignement préalable — défini en termes linguistiques et/ou non linguistiques — en vue de ménager la diversité des besoins et des objectifs.
Representational and Nonrepresentational Gestures in Boys with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Cermak Sharon A. , Coster Wendy , Drake Charles 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the gestural abilities of boys with learning disabilities. Eighteen boys with learning disabilities (who had a low verbal-high performance WISC profile) and 24 normal boys between the ages of 9 and 13 were given a gestural test that consisted of two sets of tasks, one requiring the symbolic representation of implement usage–on command and on imitation (representational items) and the other requiring the imitation of hand positions (nonrepresentational items). The items were classified according to place of action as either on-self or away-from-self. The results indicated that the learning-disabled subjects performed at a significantly lower level than the normal control group on the gestural representation tasks. There was a significant difference between instruction (command vs. imitation) and between place of action (self vs. away). Further, the learning-disabled subjects made significantly more spatial errors than the control subjects on imitation of gestural representation and nonrepresentation tasks. Results are discussed in terms of the need to investigate the various parameters of praxis.
A Play Skills Inventory: A Competency Monitoring Tool for the 10 Year Old
Authors: Hurff Janith McCready 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational behavior theory provides guidelines for current occupational therapy practice. This theory, based on the balance of work and play activities, guided the development of an evaluative tool to monitor the skill acquisition of the 10-year-old child. This article presents a conceptual model of basic childhood skills and abilities required for successful transition into adolescence. The model and principles supporting the evaluative tool are used to demonstrate assessment of critical skills required for competent role performance during the latency period of life and the child’s readiness for the adolescent struggle.
Environmental Interactions in Psychiatric Occupational Therapy–Some Inferences
Authors: Kannegieter Ruthan B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Five inferences drawn from research studies in the social sciences on the assessment of psychiatric ward atmospheres are presented as a frame of reference for psychiatric occupational therapists. The studies, based on a model stating that behavior results from the interaction of person and environment, suggest procedures for increasing successful treatment outcomes in occupational therapy. Such procedures include matching patients and staff to behavioral settings according to individual response traits and the development of programs emphasizing such variables as spontaneity, autonomy, and involvement.
Single Subject Research Strategies in Occupational Therapy, Part 1
Authors: Hacker Bonnie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper is designed to orient occupational therapists to the use of single subject methodology as a viable mode of clinical research. The role of single subject designs in today’s scientific world is explored through an historical perspective, and major strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Basic methodological concepts and research designs are presented to provide a foundation for therapists interested in documenting intervention results. Finally, some of the problems inherent in transferring single subject strategies to occupational therapy are presented.
Design of the Master’s Degree in Occupational Therapy, Part 1. A Logical Approach
Authors: Rogers Joan C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The function of the master’s degree in a bachelor’s level profession is explored, using the principles of the American academic degree structure and the professional educational structure. Based on these principles, the basic master’s program in occupational therapy is viewed as being at variance with the degree structure of higher education. This argument is grounded in the fact that the basic master’s program entails less complex educational objectives than does the advanced master’s program.
Head and Neck Cancer, A Rehabilitation Approach
Authors: Dudgeon Brian J. , DeLisa Joel A. , Miller Robert M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Survival from head and neck cancer is not uncommon. However, treatment is often radical and may compromise the patient’s appearance, function, and quality of life. The most common modalities of treatment, employed either singly or in combination, are chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Each treatment modality involves unique complications and compromises, many of which are amenable to rehabilitation techniques. A role of the occupational therapist on a cancer rehabilitation team is described and an overview of the therapeutic procedures for the evaluation and treatment of common problems recognized in these patients is presented. The material is derived both from clinical experience of the rehabilitation team and from a literature review employed in developing the rehabilitation program.
Sensorimotor versus Cognitive-Perceptual Training Effects on the Body Concept of Preschoolers
Authors: Culp Rex E. , Packard Vicki Nilsen , Humphry Ruth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The effects of two training programs on the body concept development of preschoolers as reflected in human figure drawings were investigated in this study. Twenty-four three-, four-, and five-year-old preschool children were divided into two experimental groups and one control group, matched closely by age and sex. All subjects were pre-tested with the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test and post-tested with the same instrument after a one-month intervention training period. Group A received ten hours of sensorimotor training and Group B received ten hours of verbal body-part identification training. The mean gain scores of the two experimental groups were significantly different, with a greater mean gain by the sensorimotor group. Implications for occupational therapy are discussed.