bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blends of Aromatic Polyethers Bearing Polar Pyridine Units and Their Evaluation as High Temperature Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Pefkianakis Elefterios K. , Morfopoulou Christina , Deimede Valadoula , Kallitsis Joannis K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAromatic polyethers containing polar pyridine units in the main chain have been synthesized using different difluoride monomers. Copolymers of 2,5‐(4′,4″dihydroxy biphenyl)‐pyridine and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐diol with bis(4‐fluorophenyl) sulfone or phenyl phosphine oxide difluoride or decafluorobiphenyl (PTMPySF, PTMPyPO, PTMPyDF) were synthesized. These polymeric structures despite their common structural characteristics, showed totally different behavior in terms of solubility and acid doping ability. Blends of these copolymers have been prepared in order to be evaluated in terms of fuel cell relevant parameters like acid doping ability and conductivity. In most cases flexible membranes were obtained by solution casting. The acid doping ability was controlled based on the blend constituents and composition. The doped membranes exhibited high conductivity values, in the range of 10−3 S/cm at room temperature which is increased at 2.5 × 10−2 S/cm at temperatures up to 180 °C.
Bilateral temporoparietal fascial free flaps for reconstruction of bilateral hand defects: A report of two cases
Authors: Kruavit Arthi , Visuthikosol Vivat 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBilateral temporoparietal fascial free flaps were used for reconstruction of bilateral hand defects in two male patients. A 42‐year‐old man sustained crushed injury to both hands with avulsion defects and exposed bones and tendons. The two separate procedures were performed under general anesthesia. The temporoparietal fascial free flap was skin grafted on the ward on the following day after the operation. The other patient was a 61‐year‐old leprosy patient who had bilateral high ulnar nerve palsy for 28 years. One simultaneous procedure was performed under local anesthesia for harvesting the temporoparietal fascial free flaps and under brachial block for preparation of the recipient sites. The free flaps were used for augmentation of the atrophic first web spaces. The postoperative results of the two cases were satisfactory. The functions of both hands were restored with normal gliding mechanism of the tendons in the first case, and permanent correction of the atrophic web spaces was demonstrated in the second case. The temporoparietal fascial free flap is an ideal flap for coverage of hand defects as well as augmentation of first web space atrophy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
1H, 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance coordination shifts in Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II) chloride complexes with phenylpyridines
Authors: Pazderski Leszek , Toušek Jaromír , Sitkowski Jerzy , Kozerski Lech , Szłyk Edward 
Published: May 2009

Abstract1H, 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance studies of gold(III), palladium(II) and platinum(II) chloride complexes with phenylpyridines (PPY: 4‐phenylpyridine, 4ppy; 3‐phenylpyridine, 3ppy; and 2‐phenylpyridine, 2ppy) having the general formulae [Au(PPY)Cl3], trans‐/cis‐[Pd(PPY)2Cl2] and trans‐/cis‐[Pt(PPY)2Cl2] were performed and the respective chemical shifts (δ, δ and δ) reported. 1H, 13C and 15N coordination shifts (i.e. differences between chemical shifts of the same atom in the complex and ligand molecules: $\Delta_{\rm {coord}}^{1_{\rm {H}}} = \delta_{\rm {complex}}^{1_{\rm {H}}} - \delta_{\rm {ligand}}^{1_{\rm {H}}}$, $\Delta_{\rm {coord}}^{13_{\rm {C}}} = \delta_{\rm {complex}}^{13_{\rm {C}}} - \delta_{\rm {ligand}}^{13_{\rm {C}}}$, $\Delta_{\rm {coord}}^{15_{\rm {N}}} = \delta_{\rm {complex}}^{15_{\rm {N}}} - \delta_{\rm {ligand}}^{15_{\rm {N}}}$) were discussed in relation to the type of the central atom (Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II)), geometry (trans‐/cis‐) and the position of a phenyl group in the pyridine ring system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substituent chemical shifts of N‐arylsuccinanilic acids, N‐arylsuccinimides, N‐arylmaleanilic acids, and N‐arylmaleimides
Authors: Lee Hye Sun , Yu Ji Sook , Lee Chang Kiu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNMR spectra of a series of N‐arylsuccinanilic acids, N‐arylsuccinimides, N‐arylmaleanilic acids, and N‐arylmaleimides were examined to estimate the electronic effect of the amide and imide groups on the chemical shifts of the hydrogen and carbon nuclei of the benzene ring. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of electrode location on surface electromyography changes due to eccentric elbow flexor exercise
Authors: Piitulainen Harri , Bottas Reijo , Linnamo Vesa , Komi Paavo , Avela Janne 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExperiments were carried out to determine whether the location of electrodes has an effect on eccentric exercise–induced changes in surface electromyography (sEMG) variables in the biceps brachii muscle. sEMG signals were recorded with a grid of 64 electrodes before and up to 4 days post‐exercise. Root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MNF) were calculated for: (1) each channel; (2) as an average of all channels; and (3) as an average of individual channel rows and columns. Mean muscle‐fiber conduction velocity (CV) was estimated similarly but was based on double‐differential channels. Maximal isometric voluntary torque decreased 21.3 ± 5.6% post‐exercise. The average sEMG variables decreased after the exercise and recovered 2 days (RMS and CV) or 4 days (MNF) post‐exercise. Site‐dependent changes were observed in sEMG variables. We conclude that site‐dependent changes in sEMG variables after eccentric exercise can be detected and are influenced in part by anatomical factors. Muscle Nerve, 2009
A novel mutation of the GAA gene in a Finnish late‐onset pompe disease patient: Clinical phenotype and follow‐up with enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Korpela Mari P. , Paetau Anders , Löfberg Mervi I. , Timonen Marjut H. , Lamminen Antti E. , Kiuru‐Enari Sari M.K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPompe disease is a rare, progressive disease leading to skeletal muscle weakness due to deficiency of the acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) enzyme. Herein we report the first diagnosed Finnish patient with a phenotype compatible with the late‐onset form of Pompe disease. Molecular genetic analysis of the GAA gene revealed a novel missense mutation, 1725C>A (Y575X), combined with a previously reported mutation, 1634C>T (P545L). Human recombinant α‐glucosidase enzyme (alglucosidase‐α) treatment was initiated for this patient at age 20 years. After 12 months she was no longer fully wheelchair‐bound, and muscle strength had improved. No disease progression was visible on muscle magnetic resonance imaging of the lower limbs, and the energy state of the muscle cells increased by 46% on phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Overall, our findings suggest that enzyme replacement therapy is indicated, even in patients with late‐onset Pompe disease, to halt disease progression and improve the quality of daily life. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Vastus lateralis NA+‐K+‐ATpase activity, protein, and isoform distribution in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Green Henry James , Burnett Margaret Elizabeth , D'Arsigny Christine Linda , Webb Katherine Alexandra , McBride Ian , Ouyang Jing , O'Donnell Dennis Einan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study we investigate the hypothesis that protein abundance, isoform distribution, and maximal catalytic activity of sodium–potassium–adenosine triphosphatase (Na+‐K+‐ATPase) would be altered in muscle of patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tissue samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis of 10 patients with COPD (mean ± SE: age = 67 ± 2.9 years; FEV1 = 39 ± 5.5%) and 10 healthy, matched controls (CON: age = 68 ± 2 years; FEV1 = 114 ± 4.2%). The samples were assessed for maximal catalytic activity (Vmax) of the enzyme using the K+‐stimulated 3‐O‐methylfluorescein‐phosphatase (3‐O‐MFPase) assay, enzyme abundance using the [3H]‐ouabain assay, and isoform content of both α (α1, α2, α3) and β (β1, β2, β3) using Western blot techniques. A 19.4% lower (P < 0.05) Vmax was observed in COPD compared with CON (90.7 ± 6.7 vs. 73.1 ± 4.7 nmol · mg protein−1 h−1). No differences between groups were observed for pump concentration (259 ± 15 vs. 243 ± 17 pmol · g wet weight). For the isoforms, α1 was decreased by 28% (P < 0.05), and α2 was increased by 12% (P < 0.05) in COPD compared with CON. No differences between groups were observed for α3 or for the β isoforms. We conclude that moderate COPD compromises Vmax, which occurs in the absence of changes in pump abundance. The reduction in Vmax could be due to a shift in isoform expression (α1, α2), alterations in intrinsic regulation, or to structural changes in the enzyme. The changes observed in the catalytic activity of the pump could have major effects on membrane excitability and fatigability, which are typically compromised in COPD. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Piriformis syndrome, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kirschner Jonathan S. , Foye Patrick M. , Cole Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPiriformis syndrome (PS) is an uncommon cause of sciatica that involves buttock pain referred to the leg. Diagnosis is often difficult, and it is one of exclusion due to few validated and standardized diagnostic tests. Treatment for PS has historically focused on stretching and physical therapy modalities, with refractory patients also receiving anesthetic and corticosteroid injections into the piriformis muscle origin, belly, muscle sheath, or sciatic nerve sheath. Recently, the use of botulinum toxin (BTX) to treat PS has gained popularity. Its use is aimed at relieving sciatic nerve compression and inherent muscle pain from a tight piriformis. BTX is being used increasingly for myofascial pain syndromes, and some studies have demonstrated superior efficacy to corticosteroid injection. The success of BTX in treating PS supports the prevailing pathoanatomic etiology of the condition and suggests a promising future for BTX in the treatment of other myofascial pain syndromes. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Dynamic displacement and stress solutions for viscoelastic half‐spaces subjected to harmonic concentrated loads using the Radon and Fourier transforms
Authors: Mesquita Euclides , Adolph Marco , Carvalho Edson Rodrigues , Romanini Edivaldo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article a numerical solution for a three‐dimensional isotropic, viscoelastic half‐space subjected to concentrated surface stress loadings is synthesized with the aid of the Radon and Fourier integral transforms. Dynamic displacement and stress fields are computed for points at the surface and inside the domain. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain. Viscoelastic effects are incorporated by means of the elastic–viscoelastic correspondence principle. The equations of motion are solved in the Radon–Fourier transformed domain. Inverse transformations to the physical domain are accomplished numerically. The scheme used to perform the numerical inverse transformations is addressed. The solution is validated by comparison with results available in the literature. A set of original dynamic displacement and stress solutions for points within the half‐space is presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical inverse analysis based on genetic algorithm and principal component analysis: Applications to excavation problems and pressuremeter tests
Authors: Levasseur S. , Malecot Y. , Boulon M. , Flavigny E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study concerns the identification of constitutive models from geotechnical measurements by inverse analysis. Soil parameters are identified from measured horizontal displacements of sheet pile walls and from a measured pressuremeter curve. An optimization method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) and a principal component analysis (PCA), developed and tested on synthetic data in a previous paper, is applied. These applications show that the conclusions deduced from synthetic problems can be extrapolated to real problems. The GA is a robust optimization method that is able to deal with the non‐uniqueness of the solution in identifying a set of solutions for a given uncertainty on the measurements. This set is then characterized by a PCA that gives a first‐order approximation of the solution as an ellipsoid. When the solution set is not too curved in the research space, this ellipsoid characterizes the soil properties considering the measured data and the tolerate margins for the response of the numerical model. Besides, optimizations from different measurements provide solution sets with a common area in the research space. This intersection gives a more relevant and accurate identification of parameters. Finally, we show that these identified parameters permit to reproduce geotechnical measurements not used in the identification process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient second‐order characteristic finite element method for non‐linear aerosol dynamic equations
Authors: Liang Dong , Wang Wenqia , Cheng Yu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the paper we consider the non‐linear aerosol dynamic equation on time and particle size, which contains the advection process of condensation growth and the process of non‐linear coagulation. We develop an efficient second‐order characteristic finite element method for solving the problem. A high accurate characteristic method is proposed to treat the condensation advection while a second‐order extrapolation along the characteristics is proposed to approximate the non‐linear coagulation. The method has second‐order accuracy in time and the optimal‐order accuracy of finite element spaces in particle size, which improves the first‐order accuracy in time of the classical characteristic method. Numerical experiments show the efficient performance of our method for problems of log‐normal distribution aerosols in both the Euler coordinates and the logarithmic coordinates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide transcriptomic profiling of microdissected human breast tissue reveals differential expression of KIT (c‐Kit, CD117) and oestrogen receptor‐α (ERα) in response to therapeutic radiation
Authors: Westbury Charlotte B , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Dexter Tim , Mahler‐Araujo Betania , Fenwick Kerry , Iravani Marjan , Grigoriadis Anita , Parry Suzanne , Robertson David , Mackay Alan , Ashworth Alan , Yarnold John R , Isacke Clare M 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe pathogenesis of late normal tissue fibrosis after high‐dose ionizing radiation involves multiple cell types and signalling pathways but is not well understood. To identify the molecular changes occurring after radiotherapy, paired normal tissue samples were collected from the non‐irradiated breast and from the treated breast of women who had undergone curative radiotherapy for early breast cancer months or years previously. As radiation may induce distinct transcriptional changes in the different components of the breast, laser capture microdissection and gene expression microarray profiling were performed separately for epithelial and stromal components and selected genes were validated using immunohistochemistry. In the epithelial compartment, a reduction of KIT (c‐Kit; CD117) and a reciprocal increase in ESR1 (oestrogen receptor‐α, ERα) mRNA and protein levels were seen in irradiated compared to non‐irradiated samples. In the stromal compartment, extracellular matrix genes including FN1 (fibronectin 1) and CTGF (connective tissue growth factor; CCN2) were increased. Further investigation revealed that c‐Kit and ERα were expressed in distinct subpopulations of luminal epithelial cells. Interlobular c‐Kit‐positive mast cells were also increased in irradiated cases not showing features of post‐radiation atrophy. Pathway analysis revealed ‘cancer, reproductive system disease and tumour morphology’ as the most significantly enriched network in the epithelial compartment, whereas in the stromal component, a significant enrichment for ‘connective tissue disorders, dermatological diseases and conditions, genetic disorder’ and ‘cancer, tumour morphology, infection mechanism’ networks was observed. These data identify previously unreported changes in the epithelial compartment and show altered expression of genes implicated in late normal tissue injury in the stromal compartment of normal breast tissue. The findings are relevant to both fibrosis and atrophy occurring after radiotherapy for early breast cancer. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in factors associated with suicidal ideation in major depression among cancer patients
Authors: Akechi Tatsuo , Okamura Hitoshi , Nakano Tomohito , Akizuki Nobuya , Okamura Masako , Shimizu Ken , Okuyama Toru , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective: Major depression is a well‐documented risk factor for suicide, and several gender differences in risk factors for suicide exist in cancer patients as well as in the general population. However, no data is available regarding gender differences in risk factors for suicide among cancer patients with major depression.Methods: We investigated the background differences between cancer patients suffering from major depression with or without suicidal ideation according to gender by analyzing the consultation data obtained for patients referred to the Psychiatry Division.Results: Among the 5431 referred patients, 329 males and 399 females were diagnosed as having major depression; among these patients with major depression, 136 (41%) males and 157 (39%) females also had suicidal ideation. A preliminary analysis showed that physical functioning and an advanced stage were potential factors that interacted significantly with gender differences regarding suicidal ideation. A final logistic regression analysis indicated that poor physical functioning and an advanced stage were significant risk factors among male patients.Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that gender differences in important indicators of suicidal ideation exist among cancer patients with major depression; these findings may be useful for developing strategies to prevent suicide among cancer patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Chemical Study of Plasma‐Deposited Organosilicon Thin Films as Low‐k Dielectrics
Authors: Coclite Anna M. , Milella Antonella , Palumbo Fabio , Fracassi Francesco , d'Agostino Riccardo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThin films with low dielectric constant were deposited by PECVD from different organosilicon precursors. Film structure and properties were strongly affected by the precursor choice. Silane‐based precursors resulted in films with permittivities as low as 2.3 with a limited thickness loss of 6% upon thermal annealing at 400 °C. Films deposited from siloxane monomers were characterized by increased thickness shrinkage of 11%. Thermal stability was correlated not only to the cross‐linking degree but also to the presence of methylene bridges in the polymer backbone, which accounts for the better thermal stability of silane‐based films. Substrate heating (150 °C) during deposition ensured the best balance between very low permittivities and good thermal stability.magnified image
Plasma Treatment of Polyethylene Powder Particles in a Hollow Cathode Glow Discharge
Authors: Quitzau Meike , Wolter Matthias , Kersten Holger 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA hollow cathode glow discharge mounted in a spiral conveyor has been employed for surface modification of polyethylene (PE) powders. This combination of powder agitation and plasma treatment allows for a homogeneous surface modification for powders as well for foils. In this study, first the results of plasma treatment of PE powders are represented using different process gases (Ar, N2, CO2) and different hollow cathode materials like copper and aluminum. The modified PE is analyzed by water contact angle (WCA) measurement to prove changes in wettability and by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to prove changes in surface composition and to detect formed polar functional groups. Furthermore, the aging of the plasma treated PE material has been investigated.
Remote Atmospheric Pressure DC Glow Discharge Treatment for Adhesion Improvement of PDMS
Authors: De Geyter Nathalie , Morent Rino , Jacobs Tinneke , Axisa Fabrice , Gengembre Léon , Leys Christophe , Vanfleteren Jan , Payen Edmond 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a remote DC glow discharge at atmospheric pressure is employed for surface modification of PDMS aimed at improvement of its adhesive properties. The effects of the discharge on the surface properties of PDMS are probed using contact angle measurements, XPS and T‐peel tests. Results show that the DC glow discharge transforms the initially hydrophobic PDMS surface into a hydrophilic one due to the incorporation of silanol groups at the expense of methyl groups. Moreover, T‐peel tests confirm that the remote DC glow plasma is able to remarkably enhance the adhesion between two PDMS layers, but only when both layers are plasma‐treated.
Thermal Stability and Oxidation Resistance of Nanocomposite TiC/a‐C Protective Coatings
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Diego , López‐Cartés Carlos , Gago Raúl , Fernández Asunción , Sánchez‐López Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNanocomposite films composed by small crystallites of hard phases embedded in an amorphous lubricant matrix have been extensively studied as protective coatings. These kinds of coatings have often to work in extreme environments, exposed to high temperatures (above 800–900 °C), and/or oxidizing/corrosive atmospheres, which may resist. As a result, it is important to study the behavior of such coatings at high temperatures (thermal stability) and in the presence of oxygen (oxidation resistance). In this sense, we have selected a TiC/a‐C nanocomposite coating with good mechanical and tribological properties in order to do several thermal tests under three different environments: high vacuum (10−6 mbar), low vacuum (10−1 mbar), and air. Our observations allow us to establish that the film microstructure is stable at least up to 1 000 °C in high vacuum. When oxygen is present, the practical temperature of use is reduced at 700 °C (low partial pressure) and 300 °C (air) by formation of Ti oxides and C removal.
Deposition and Microstructural Characterisation of GLC Coatings on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Wu Wenwen , Li Xiaoying , Dong Hanshan , Jiang Bailing 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMagnesium alloy is one of the most attractive light alloys for transportation systems because of their lightness and ease of recycling. However, surface degradation (such as corrosion and wear) is the major technical barrier to their wider applications. To this end, graphite‐like carbon (GLC) coatings were deposited on AZ31 magnesium alloy substrate by closed filed unbalanced magnetron sputtering ion plating and detailed characterisation was carried out using SEM, TEM, XPS and pin‐on‐disc testing. Special attention has been paid to the effect of such critical processing factors as ion cleaning of the substrate, interface layer materials and the bias on the microstructure, interface, coatings/substrate bonding strength and the properties.