bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Catalytic Methods for Asymmetric Cross‐Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes
Authors: Ghosh Sunil K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aldol reaction is one of the oldest and important C−C bond‐forming reactions between two carbonyl compounds where one carbonyl compound with a α‐hydrogen acts as a nucleophile (donor) and the second carbonyl compound acts as an electrophile (acceptor) leading to a β‐hydroxycarbonyl compound. Out of various possibilities with carbonyl compounds as donors and acceptors, the direct cross‐aldol reaction of two aldehydes is problematic because of several issues. Undesired side reactions such as donor acceptor pair reversal, self‐aldol reaction of the partner aldehyde(s) having α‐hydrogen atom(s), overreaction by further aldolization of the product β‐hydroxyaldehyde, aldol condensation followed by Michael‐type additions, and Tischenko‐type reactions are the other challenging issues. Generation of up to two stereogenic centres is common during the C−C bond formation. Hence, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity are additional concerns. To resolve the said problems, two approaches are in practice involving an unmodified aldehyde as acceptor (electrophile) and either an unmodified aldehyde or an aldehyde modified to its ene‐form (enolate/enamine) as the donor (nucleophile). This review highlights the selected methods for efficient asymmetric cross‐aldol reactions of aldehydes mediated by organocatalysts.
Magnetic Field Effect on Photocatalytic Dye Degradation: A Review
Authors: Kumar Manavalan Rajesh , Enoch Karolinekersin , Chitra Muthukumaravel , Sophia Ponraj Joice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present day, photocatalysis has become the primary and most promising technology to generate renewable energy and degrade environmental pollutants. Remarkable efforts have been made to improve photocatalytic efficiency. Among these, introducing an external magnetic field is considered a promising strategy to boost photocatalytic performance. This review explores the dynamic realm of improving photocatalytic efficiency, with a particular emphasis on the strategic integration of external magnetic fields. Examining recent breakthroughs, we reviewed the influence of magnetic fields on diverse catalyst materials, including both magnetic and nonmagnetic variants, 2D materials, and semiconductors. Comprehensive coverage is provided on the mechanisms governing photocatalytic dye degradation, materials utilized for catalysis, and the profound impact of magnetic fields on enhancing reaction kinetics. This review also focuses on recent advances in the application and effect of magnetic fields in the magnetic and nonmagnetic catalysts towards dye degradation. This review provides a forward‐looking view, highlighting the potential of magnetic field‐enhanced photocatalysis to play a central role in sustainable energy and environmental management.
Origin and Nucleation Kinetics of Transcrystalline Layer in Bamboo fiber@nano‐TiO2/Polypropylene Composite
Authors: Luo Guorong , Luan Yu , Wang Tian , Xu Dan , Yu Yan , Ren Dan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein origin and nucleation kinetics of transcrystalline layer (TCL) in bamboo fiber deposited with nano‐TiO2 (BF@TiO2)/polypropylene (PP) composite is studied. Firstly, the surface morphology, roughness, and energy, as well as crystalline structure (e. g., crystal face indices (hkl)) of BF@TiO2 are analyzed to clarify the origin of TCL in the composite. Subsequently, the nucleation kinetics of TCL in BF@TiO2/PP composite at different crystallization temperatures (Tc) are investigated through polarized optical microscopy. The results find that the surface roughness and energy of BF@TiO2 increase by 47.55 % and 2.41 % compared with untreated BF, respectively. Interestingly, the mismatch rates (MRs) of hkl(BF) vs. hkl(PP) are >320 %. In comparison, the MRs of (101)(BF@TiO2)TiO2 vs. (hkl)(PP) are dramatically decreased to <25 %, suggesting a similar crystal plane between BF@TiO2 and PP matrix. These results indicate that the TCL formation in the composite is more facile in BF@TiO2 than in the untreated BF. During isothermal crystallization, the nucleation and spherulite growth rates decrease as the Tc increases. The interface free energy difference (▵σ) between BF@TiO2 and PP is calculated based on the heterogeneous nucleation theory. The ▵σ is 1.54±0.11 J cm−2, highlighting that the BF@TiO2 strongly induces the PP nucleation.
The Surprising Reactivity of Chloromethyl Chlorosulfate with Active Methylene Compounds
Authors: Buchy Eric , Desmaële Didier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCondensation of chloromethyl chlorosulfate (1) with alkyl 1,3‐keto esters under phase‐transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions led to methylene bridged bis‐acetoacetates through a sequential chloromethylation‐β‐elimination‐Michael addition process. The latter compounds further evolved towards polyfunctional dihydrofuran and tetrahydropyran derivatives by competitive chloromethylation/chlorination reaction. In aprotic organic solvent, chlorination of the methylene active group is the main process and proceeded by reaction of the enolate of acetoacetate with the chlorine atom bound to the sulfonyl group of 1. The reactivity of some other active methylene compounds under PTC conditions was investigated. Acetylacetone reacted similarly to ethyl acetoacetate providing O‐heterocycles while ethyl cyanoacetate gave diethyl 2,4‐dicyanoglutaric acid diethyl ester together with 2‐diethyl 1,2‐dicyanocyclopropane‐1,2‐dicarboxylate. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed whose the key feature is the competitive halogenation/chloromethylation of the intermediate methylene bridge dimeric active methylene compounds followed by intramolecular cyclization.
Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Dialdehyde Chitosan Loaded with Copper Metal‐Organic Framework (Cu‐MOF)
Authors: Kiprono Kirui Gideon , Shigwenya Madivoli Edwin , Mwanza Nzilu Dennis , Gachoki Kareru Patrick , Waudo Walyambillah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFungal resistance and the environmental degradation posed by conventional fungicides necessitate the need to develop new antifungal agents that can inhibit fungal growth. This study sought to prepare biofungicides by leveraging on the antifungal activity of copper‐metal organic framework (Cu‐MOF) and dialdehyde chitosan (Cs) isolated from black soldier flies (BSF). Cs were oxidized using potassium periodate to obtain dialdehyde Cs (OCs) and thereafter, Cu‐MOF was loaded resulting in Cu‐MOF‐OCs. Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FT‐IR) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of carbonyl functional groups in OCs and sharp intense peaks associated with Cu that interacted. The changes in surface morphology and the presence of Cu in the MOFs as obtained with Scanning Electron Microscope‐ Energy Dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX), indicated the successful loading of Cu‐MOF on the oxidized Cs. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a loss of approximately 31.51 % of the loaded OCs and 40.72 % framework around ∼200 to ∼300 °C and ∼410 to ∼475 °C respectively. The antifungal activity of OCs, Cu‐MOF, and Cu‐MOF‐OCs againstAspergillus brasiliensisandCandida albicanswas performed using the plate count method and the results suggested that MOF modulated the antifungal activity exerted by the OCs.
Synthesis and Experimental Structure of a Multifunctional Catechol‐Azomethinebenzoic Acid, DFT/DMol3Calculations, and Molecular Docking with Hsp90
Authors: Bashir Shawish Hana , Ferjani Hela , Taban Ismail , Salah Gasibat Meftah , Bashir Al‐Melah Eman , Schäfer Sascha A. , Amairia Chahra , Saleh Abuzwaida Waqar , Ali Alshawish Yassmin , Klein Axel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe multifunctional catechol‐azomethine‐benzoic acid derivative 4‐[(E)‐[(2,3‐dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino]benzoic acid (1) was prepared and the structure were confirmed by EI‐MS and1H and13C NMR spectroscopy. A Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study revealed coplanarity of the two aromatic rings within the imine function, supported by intramolecular N−H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure intermolecular O−H⋯O hydrogen bonds form chains, propagating along [010]. FT‐IR and Hirshfeld surface analysis confirms the multiple hydrogen bonding. DFT/DMol3calculations localized the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) on theo‐catechol unit, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is delocalized over the entire molecule. The calculated map of electrostatic potential (MEP) showed relatively low values for both electrophilic and nucleophilic susceptibility. A molecular docking study of1in comparison with the established inhibitor geldanamycin (G) using the protein structure of the heat shock protein 90 co‐crystallized withG(Hsp90⋅G) showed that1occupies the same binding pocket asGin the Hsp90⋅Gstructure, indicating that the title structure might be a suitable inhibitor. The Swiss ADME approach showed promising general drug‐likeness properties for1with a relatively high lipophilicity (logP=1.68) and a logS value of −2.99 which lies in the middle of the logS distribution of traded drugs.
The longitudinal mediating role of sleep in associations between COVID‐19 stressors predicting mental and physical health outcomes among emerging adult college students
Authors: Williams Chelsea D. , Gade Sneha , Johnson Kaprea , Peterson Roseann E. , Moreno Oswaldo , Hood Kristina B. , Santana Arlenis , Vassileva Jasmin , Dick Danielle M. , Amstadter Ananda B. , Chartier Karen G. , Bravo Diamond Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current study tested a longitudinal mediation model throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic focused on whether students' housing instability stress and food/financial instability stress at the beginning of the pandemic in spring 2020 (T1) informed sleep dissatisfaction and duration in fall 2020 (T2) and, in turn, physical and mental health in spring 2021 (T3). Further, we tested whether relations varied based on students' ethnic‐racial backgrounds. Participants included 879 Asian, Black, Latine, Multiracial, and White emerging adult college students (Mage = 19.95, SD = 0.33) from a large public university in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States who attended college during the COVID‐19 pandemic and completed surveys about their experiences. Findings indicated a significant mediation process, such that T1 housing instability stress predicted greater T2 sleep dissatisfaction and, in turn, less physical health, greater depressive symptoms, and greater anxiety symptoms at T3. Additionally, T1 food/financial instability stress was significantly associated with less T2 sleep duration but was not, in turn, associated with any T3 outcomes. Findings did not vary by students' ethnicity/race. Results highlight that sleep dissatisfaction is an important factor that accounts for relations between COVID‐19 stressors predicting mental and physical health outcomes throughout the pandemic.
Do corporations benefit from divesting to private equity acquirers? An empirical investigation
Authors: Nary Paul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryFrom the perspective of the divesting firm, do divestitures to private equity (PE) acquirers perform differently from divestitures to corporate acquirers? If so, why? This question‐based, empirical study shows that on average, divestitures to PE acquirers correlate with lower divesting firms' shareholder returns than divestitures to corporate acquirers. The study explores whether these lower returns when divesting to PE acquirers are explained by the differences in PE acquirers' distinct value creation strategies when it comes to target selection, ownership, or transaction timing. The results reveal that divesting firms' lower shareholder returns when divesting to PE acquirers are more likely correlated with differences in value creation by PE acquirers due to their distinct ownership and transaction timing strategies, but not their selection strategies.Managerial SummaryPrivate equity (PE) firms are prominent buyers of corporate divestitures, and PE firms' strategies for creating value when acquiring divested businesses tend to differ from those of corporate buyers. Yet the performance implications, from the perspective of the divesting firm, of divesting a business to a PE acquirer versus a corporate acquirer are not clear. In this study, I explore the differences in returns to firms divesting to PE acquirers versus those divesting to corporate acquirers. First, on average, divesting firms' returns are lower when divesting to PE acquirers. Second, these lower returns are more likely to occur when the PE acquirer may be expecting to create less value, or when firms choose to divest at a suboptimal time.
Modeling Absorption Dynamics of Differently Shaped Gold Glioblastoma and Colon Cells Based on Refractive Index Distribution in Holotomographic Imaging
Authors: Depciuch Joanna , Jakubczyk Paweł , Jakubczyk Dorota , Klebowski Bartosz , Miszczyk Justyna , Parlinska‐Wojtan Magdalena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein, it is demonstrated that the toxic effect of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on three different cancer cell lines (U‐118 and LN‐299 glioblastoma and HCT‐116 colon) depends on their absorption dynamics by cells, related to the shapes of the NPs. This hypothesis is confirmed by showing that i) based on refractive index (RI) values, typical for cell components and gold nanoparticles, it is possible to show the absorption dynamics and accumulation locations of the latter ones inside and outside of the cells. Moreover, ii) the saturation of the accumulated Au NPs volume in the cells depends on the nanoparticle shape and is reached in the shortest time for star‐shaped Au NPs (AuS NPs) and in the longest time for spherical Au NPs (AuSph NPs) and on the cancer cells, where the longest and the shortest saturation are noticed for HCT‐116 and LN‐229 cells, respectively. A physical model of Au NPs absorption dynamics is proposed, where the diameter and shape of the Au NPs are used as parameters. The obtained theoretical data are consistent with experimental data in 85–98%.
Metal‐Organic Framework Templated Z‐Scheme ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 Hierarchical Heterojunction for Photocatalytic H2O2 Production from Wastewater
Authors: Dai Dingliang , Qiu Jianhao , Xia Guanglu , Tang Yong , Liu Qiying , Li Yixin , Fang Biyao , Yao Jianfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic framework derived materials received a lot of attention due to their significant benefits in photocatalytic reactions. In this work, a Z‐scheme ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 hierarchical heterojunction is first developed by a one‐pot method using CAU‐17 as a template. The specific preparation method endows an intimate interface contact between these two monomers, and CAU‐17‐derived Bi2S3 possesses a high surface area and porosity, resulting in an efficient charge separation and O2 capture. Thus, for photocatalytic H2O2 production from the O2 reduction reaction, the ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 heterojunction can achieve an H2O2 yield of 995 µmol L−1 in pure water and ambient air under visible light, 4.5 and 4 times that of ZnIn2S4 and Bi2S3, respectively. In addition, in tetracycline solution, ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 can degrade tetracycline with a degradation rate of 95% by photocatalysis, and at the same time, a final H2O2 production yield of 1223 µmol L−1 is reached. Similarly, high yields of H2O2 are also obtained from wastewater containing o‐nitrophenol, acid golden yellow, or acid red, and these pollutants are effectively degraded. This work reveals the potential of metal‐organic framework‐derived materials in photocatalysis, as well as provides insights into H2O2 green synthesis and wastewater treatment.
Purchase discounts on federal holidays and adjacent shopping holidays: Evidence from the airline industry
Authors: Luttmann Alexander , Gaggero Alberto A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiscounts during Thanksgiving and Christmas are common in a variety of retail markets. In this article, we examine whether holiday discounts extend to the airline industry. In contrast to many retail markets where purchased goods are meant for immediate consumption (e.g., groceries), goods in airline markets are often consumed in the future due to advance purchases. Exploiting a unique panel of almost 22 million fares, we find that fares purchased on a holiday for flights in the 60‐day period following the holiday are 1.9% cheaper, supporting the conjecture that airlines price discriminate when demand is lower than average or when the mix of purchasing passengers makes demand more elastic. These holiday discounts also do not vary with the level of competition, indicating that market structure has no impact on the magnitude of the holiday purchase discount.
High‐dimensional differential networks with sparsity and reduced‐rank
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Cheng , Jiang Binyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDifferential network analysis plays a crucial role in capturing nuanced changes in conditional correlations between two samples. Under the high‐dimensional setting, the differential network, that is, the difference between the two precision matrices are usually stylized with sparse signals and some low‐rank latent factors. Recognizing the distinctions inherent in the precision matrices of such networks, we introduce a novel approach, termed ‘SR‐Network’ for the estimation of sparse and reduced‐rank differential networks. This method directly assesses the differential network by formulating a convex empirical loss function with ‐norm and nuclear norm penalties. The study establishes finite‐sample error bounds for parameter estimation and highlights the superior performance of the proposed method through extensive simulations and real data studies. This research significantly contributes to the advancement of methodologies for accurate analysis of differential networks, particularly in the context of structures characterized by sparsity and low‐rank features.
A novel model combining genes associated with disulfidptosis and glycolysis to predict breast cancer prognosis, molecular subtypes, and treatment response
Authors: Wang Mei‐Huan , Gao Yue‐Hua , Zhao Zhen‐Dan , Zhang Hua‐Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Disulfidptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death that happens in the presence of glucose deficiency and is linked to the metabolic process of glycolysis. However, the mechanism of action of disulfidptosis and glycolysis‐related genes (DGRG) in BC, as well as their prognostic value in BC patients, remain unknown. After identifying the differentially expressed DGRG in normal and BC tissues, a number of machine learning algorithms were utilized to select essential prognostic genes to develop a model, including SLC7A11, CACNA1H, SDC1, CHST1, and TFF3. The expression characteristics of these genes were then examined using single‐cell RNA sequencing, and BC was classified into three clusters using “ConsensusClusterPlus” based on these genes. The DGRG model's median risk score can categorize BC patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups. Furthermore, we investigated variations in clinical landscape, immunoinvasion analysis, tumor immune dysfunction and rejection (TIDE), and medication sensitivity in patients in the DGRG model's high‐ and low‐risk groups. Patients in the low‐risk group performed better on immunological and chemotherapeutic therapies and had lower TIDE scores. In conclusion, the DGRG model we developed has significant clinical application potential because it can accurately predict the prognosis of BC, TME, and pharmacological treatment responses.
Adverse events with endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastroenterostomy for gastric outlet obstruction—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Harindranath Sidharth , Mohan Babu P. , Jearth Vaneet , Varghese Jijo , Kozyk Marko , Kale Aditya , Sundaram Sridhar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe technical and clinical effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided gastroenterostomy (GE) has been reported by several meta‐analyses, but few of them have addressed the adverse events (AE). The goal of the current meta‐analysis was to analyze the AEs associated with various types of EUS‐GE.MethodsAll relevant studies reporting the AEs with EUS‐GE were searched from 2000 to 31st March 2023 in MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus. The event rates were pooled using a random effects model.ResultsA total of 36 studies (n = 1846) were included in the meta‐analysis. The present meta‐analysis reports a pooled technical success rate of 96.9% (95.9–98.0; I2 = 29.3%) with a pooled clinical success rate of 90.6% (88.5–92.7; I2 = 60.9%). The pooled incidence of overall AEs with EUS‐GE was 13.0% (10.3–15.7; I2 = 69.7%), with the commonest being maldeployment of the stent, seen in 4.6% (3.2–6.0; I2 = 50.6%). The pooled incidences of serious AE and procedure‐related mortality were 1.2% (0.7–1.8; I2 = 1.9%) and 0.3% (0.0–0.7; I2 = 0.0%), respectively. Subgroup analysis of studies using only the free‐hand technique showed a significantly lower overall AE and maldeployment but not serious AE and other individual AEs. The pooled incidences of delayed stent migration and stent occlusion were 0.5% (0.0–1.1; I2 = 0.0%) and 0.8% (0.2–1.3; I2 = 0.0%), respectively.ConclusionDespite a technical and clinical success rate of >90%, AEs are seen in around one‐seventh of the cases of EUS‐GE, maldeployment being the commonest. However, the pooled incidence of serious AE and mortality remains low, which is reassuring.
Life cycle assessment of rice straw for energy valorization: A comprehensive review of methodological trends and future outlooks
Authors: Firdaus Rihana , Harun Siti Norliyana , Hanafiah Marlia M. , Mat Deli Mazzlida , Adhikary Sajal Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn response to the growing awareness of environmental preservation, there has been a surge in studies employing the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach which helps to identify and minimize environmental impacts associated with rice straw recovery processes. However, there is lack of comprehensive and trend analysis related to the development of critical methodological steps of LCA within this field. To fill the gap, this review examines 43 primary LCA studies from 2004 to 2023 period concerning the use of rice straw for bioenergy production and categorized into two groups: the “first‐year group” covering 2004–2013 and the “second‐year group” spanning from 2014 to 2023. This categorization serves to facilitate the examination of trends and patterns within each decade, offering insights into the evolution of research objectives, methodological advancements, and changes in research outcomes over time. The analysis reveals a shift from studying individual technologies to comparing various technologies, includes scenarios development and consideration of economic and social aspects. Furthermore, the “second‐year group” (2014–2023) exhibits a notable uptick in the exploration of gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation, whereas combustion technologies have experienced a slight decrease in the number of studies. Challenges in LCA studies arise from nonstandardized methodologies, introducing bias and uncertainty. To enhance the reliability and comparability of environmental assessments, it is recommended to establish standardized guidelines, improve transparency, and update databases. Overall, this review provides a foundational resource for future waste‐to‐energy studies and recommends steps to enhance the applicability and validity of LCA in forthcoming research.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy
Climate and Environment > Pollution Prevention
Climate and Environment > Circular Economy