bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restricted and repetitive behaviors in toddlers and preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders based on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)
Authors: Kim So Hyun , Lord Catherine 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRestricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) observed during the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule [ADOS: Lord et al., 2000] were examined in a longitudinal data set of 455 toddlers and preschoolers (age 8–56 months) with clinical diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD; autism, n=121 and pervasive developmental disorders—not otherwise specified (PDD‐NOS), n=71), a nonspectrum disorder (NS; n=90), or typical development (TD; n=173). Even in the relatively brief semi‐structured observations, GEE analyses of the severity and prevalence of RRBs differentiated children with ASD from those with NS and TD across all ages. RRB total scores on the ADOS were stable over time for children with ASD and NS; however, typically developing preschoolers showed lower RRB scores than typically developing toddlers. Nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) was more strongly related to the prevalence of RRBs in older children with PDD‐NOS, NS, and TD than younger children under 2 years and those with autism. Item analyses revealed different relationships between individual items and NVIQ, age, diagnosis, and gender. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the etiology and treatment of RRBs as well as for the framework of ASD diagnostic criteria in future diagnostic systems.
Developmental microRNA expression profiling of murine embryonic orofacial tissue
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Partha , Brock Guy , Pihur Vasyl , Webb Cynthia , Pisano M. Michele , Greene Robert M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Orofacial development is a multifaceted process involving precise, spatio‐temporal expression of a panoply of genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the largest family of noncoding RNAs involved in gene silencing, represent critical regulators of cell and tissue differentiation. MicroRNA gene expression profiling is an effective means of acquiring novel and valuable information regarding the expression and regulation of genes, under the control of miRNA, involved in mammalian orofacial development.METHODS:To identify differentially expressed miRNAs during mammalian orofacial ontogenesis, miRNA expression profiles from gestation day (GD) ‐12, ‐13 and ‐14 murine orofacial tissue were compared utilizing miRXplore microarrays from Miltenyi Biotech. Quantitative real‐time PCR was utilized for validation of gene expression changes. Cluster analysis of the microarray data was conducted with the clValid R package and the UPGMA clustering method. Functional relationships between selected miRNAs were investigated using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.RESULTS:Expression of over 26% of the 588 murine miRNA genes examined was detected in murine orofacial tissues from GD‐12–GD‐14. Among these expressed genes, several clusters were seen to be developmentally regulated. Differential expression of miRNAs within such clusters wereshown to target genes encoding proteins involved in cell proliferation, cell adhesion, differentiation, apoptosis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation, all processes critical for normal orofacial development.CONCLUSIONS:Using miRNA microarray technology, unique gene expression signatures of hundreds of miRNAs in embryonic orofacial tissue were defined. Gene targeting and functional analysis revealed that the expression of numerous protein‐encoding genes, crucial to normal orofacial ontogeny, may be regulated by specific miRNAs. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case–control study of the effects of pregnancy planning on neural tube defects and its primary preventive measures
Authors: Gong Rui , Wang Zhi‐Ping , Gao Li‐Jie , Lu Qing‐Bin , Sun Xi‐Hong , Zhao Zhong‐Tang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Measures for prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) have been recommended for many years in China, but the compliance with these measures is unsatisfactory. This study aims to compare the effect differences between planned pregnancy and unplanned pregnancy in the compliance with these measures and analyze the interactions between pregnancy planning and these measures for NTD prevention. METHODS: A 1:1 matched case‐control study was conducted. We randomly selected 349 women who delivered or gestated babies/fetuses with NTDs in the last two years in two provinces and matched them with 349 women who delivered babies without obvious birth defects as controls. RESULTS: In the case group, 99 women reported that they had planned their pregnancies, accounting for 28.4%, and the proportion who received preconception examinations and took folic acid prior to conception was 13.8 and 8.6%, respectively. According to the multivariate analysis, health education (odds ratio [OR], 0.350), preconception examinations (OR, 0.497) and folic acid consumption prior to conception (OR, 0.257) all had preventative effects on NTDs (for all, p < 0.05). In both groups, the proportions of women who received preconception examinations and reported folic acid intake were much higher for those who reported planning their pregnancies compared to women with an unplanned pregnancy (for all, p < 0.01); and for NTD prevention, synergistic interactions existed between pregnancy planning and the other preventive measures. CONCLUSION: Folic acid consumption prior to conception, preconception examinations, and health education have preventive effects on NTDs. Pregnancy planning can significantly promote compliance with these preventive behaviors. In addition, there are synergistic interactions between pregnancy planning and these measures. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mosaic expression of Med12 in female mice leads to exencephaly, spina bifida, and craniorachischisis
Authors: Rocha Pedro P. , Bleiss Wilfrid , Schrewe Heinrich 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: A precise temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression is necessary to achieve neural tube closure. Med12, a subunit of the mediator complex, can bind transcription factors and modulate expression of their target genes. Med12 is essential during early mouse development and is important for neural tube closure. METHODS: We have made use of a mouse line carrying a conditional null allele of the X‐linked Med12 gene to generate heterozygous female embryos that express Med12 in a mosaic fashion thus allowing the study of the role of Med12 during neural tube closure. RESULTS: Mosaic expression of Med12 causes a wide variety of embryonic phenotypes. Some embryos were unable to complete turning and were found with arrested development at embryonic day (ED) 9.5. Others were able to pass ED 12.5 and displayed defects in neural tube closure. These defects included exencephaly, spina bifida, craniorachischisis, split face, and curly tail. Histologic and skeletal analyses of these mutant females show that the neural plate is unable to elevate and is completely flat in the regions of the body axis where neural tube closure fails. CONCLUSIONS: We report examples of all known neural tube defects implying Med12 in the full process of neural tube closure along the complete body axis. Our work points to Med12 being an essential coregulator of transcription factors controlling neural tube closure. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemiluminescence of non‐differentiated THP‐1 promonocytes: developing an assay for screening anti‐inflammatory milk proteins and peptides
Authors: Tompa Gorazd , Laine Aire , Pihlanto Anne , Korhonen Hannu , Rogelj Irena , Marnila Pertti 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHuman leukemic THP‐1 promonocytes are widely used as a model for peripheral blood monocytes. However, superoxide production during respiratory burst (RB) of non‐differentiated THP‐1 (nd‐THP‐1) cells is very low. Here we present a rapid and low‐cost method for measuring the chemiluminescence (CL) of opsonized zymosan (OZ) induced RB which allows detection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced priming of nd‐THP‐1 cells on the basis of CL reaction kinetics. Maximum CL intensity obtained was 2.20 ± 0.25 and 1.30 ± 0.11 relative light units, while CL peak time was achieved at 18.1 ± 2.6 and 28.7 ± 1.3 min in primed and non‐primed cells, respectively. The priming of nd‐THP‐1 cells with LPS evoked typical TNF‐α and IL‐6 production. We tested the effects of bovine lactoferrin and protein fractions from Lactobacillus helveticus BGRA43 fermented milk for potential anti‐inflammatory effects on LPS primed nd‐THP‐1 cells. Four fractions were found to inhibit the OZ‐induced CL in a dose‐dependent manner (IC50 3–30 µg/mL), while lactoferrin inhibited CL to a lesser extent (IC50 270 µg/mL). These results suggest that measuring CL response of nd‐THP‐1 cells can serve as a method for screening anti‐inflammatory compounds which could be used in reducing the risk of phagocyte‐mediated inflammatory diseases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endosome‐disruptive peptides for improving cytosolic delivery of bioactive macromolecules
Authors: Nakase Ikuhiko , Kobayashi Sachiko , Futaki Shiroh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlong with recent advances in therapeutic technologies based on biomacromolecules, including genes, oligonucleotides, and proteins, the development of technologies for improving the efficiency of the delivery of these therapeutic molecules into cells, more specifically into the cytosol and nucleus, is significantly required. Cell membranes are major impediments to the delivery of therapeutic macromolecules into cells. These macromolecules are usually taken up by the cells via endocytosis, and their translocation from endosomes to the cytosol is a critical step to determine their therapeutic effects. Many viruses and bacterial toxins use endocytic pathways to invade the host mammalian cells, and some of these pathogens have the ability to facilitate their endosomal escape into the cytosol by pH‐induced alteration in their component proteins that leads to the disruption of the endosomal membranes and the eventual membrane fusions. To simulating these functions, endosome‐disruptive peptides have been used for the intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules to accelerate their endosomal escape by sensing the endosomal acidification. In this review, current approaches for the intracellular delivery using these endosome‐disruptive peptides are surveyed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 763–770, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Complete anaerobic mineralization of pentachlorophenol (PCP) under continuous flow conditions by sequential combination of PCP‐dechlorinating and phenol‐degrading consortia
Authors: Li Zhiling , Yang Suyin , Inoue Yasushi , Yoshida Naoko , Katayama Arata 
Published: June 2010

AbstractComplete mineralization of 50 µM of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was achieved anaerobically under continuous flow conditions using two columns connected in series with a hydraulic retention time of 14.2 days, showing the highest reported mineralization rate yet of 3.5 µM day−1. The first column, when injected with a reductive PCP dechlorinating consortium, dechlorinated PCP to mainly phenol and traces of 3‐chlorophenol (3‐CP) using lactate supplied continuously as an electron donor. The second column, with an anaerobic phenol degrading consortium, decomposed phenol and 3‐CP under iron‐reducing conditions with substantial fermentative degradation of organic compounds. When 20 mM of lactate was introduced into the first column, the phenol degradation activity of the second column was lost in a short period of time, because the amorphous Fe(III) oxide (FeOOH) that had been packed in the column before use was depleted by lactate metabolites, such as acetate and propionate, flowing into the second column from the first column. The complete mineralization of PCP was maintained for a long period by reducing the lactate concentration to 4 mM, effectively extending the longevity of second‐column activity with no depletion of FeOOH for more than 200 pore volumes (corresponding to 3,000 days). The carbon balance showed that 50 µM PCP and 4 mM lactate in the influent had transformed to CO2 (81%) and CH4 (3%) and had contributed to biomass growth (8%). A comparison of the microbial consortia introduced into the columns and those flowing out from the columns suggested that the introduced population did not flow out during the experiments, although the microbial composition of the phenol column was considered to be affected by the inflow of microbes from the PCP dechlorination column. These results suggest that a sequential combination of reductive dechlorinating and anaerobic oxidizing consortia is useful for anaerobic remediation of chlorinated aromatic compounds in a microbial permeable reactive barrier. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 775–785. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematizing the generation of missing metabolic knowledge
Authors: Orth Jeffrey D. , Palsson Bernhard Ø. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGenome‐scale metabolic network reconstructions are built from all of the known metabolic reactions and genes in a target organism. However, since our knowledge of any organism is incomplete, these network reconstructions contain gaps. Reactions may be missing, resulting in dead‐ends in pathways, while unknown gene products may catalyze known reactions. New computational methods that analyze data, such as growth phenotypes or gene essentiality, in the context of genome‐scale metabolic networks, have been developed to predict these missing reactions or genes likely to fill these knowledge gaps. A growing number of experimental studies are appearing that address these computational predictions, leading to discovery of new metabolic capabilities in the target organism. Gap‐filling methods can thus be used to improve metabolic network models while simultaneously leading to discovery of new metabolic gene functions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 403–412. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valorization of an industrial organosolv–sugarcane bagasse lignin: Characterization and use as a matrix in biobased composites reinforced with sisal fibers
Authors: Ramires Elaine C. , Megiatto Jackson D. , Gardrat Christian , Castellan Alain , Frollini Elisabete 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the present study, the main focus was the characterization and application of the by‐product lignin isolated through an industrial organosolv acid hydrolysis process from sugarcane bagasse, aiming at the production of bioethanol. The sugarcane lignin was characterized and used to prepare phenolic‐type resins. The analysis confirmed that the industrial sugarcane lignin is of HGS type, with a high proportion of the less substituted aromatic ring p‐hydroxyphenyl units, which favors further reaction with formaldehyde. The lignin–formaldehyde resins were used to produce biobased composites reinforced with different proportions of randomly distributed sisal fibers. The presence of lignin moieties in both the fiber and matrix increases their mutual affinity, as confirmed by SEM images, which showed good adhesion at the biocomposite fiber/matrix interface. This in turn allowed good load transference from the matrix to the fiber, leading to biobased composites with good impact strength (near 500 J m−1 for a 40 wt% sisal fiber‐reinforced composite). The study demonstrates that sugarcane bagasse lignin obtained from a bioethanol plant can be used without excessive purification in the preparation of lignocellulosic fiber‐reinforced biobased composites displaying high mechanical properties. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107:612–621. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanism of antibody reduction in cell culture production processes
Authors: Kao Yung‐Hsiang , Hewitt Daniel P. , Trexler‐Schmidt Melody , Laird Michael W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe recently observed a significant disulfide reduction problem during the scale‐up of a manufacturing process for a therapeutic antibody using a CHO expression system. Under certain conditions, extensive reduction of inter‐chain disulfide bonds of an antibody produced by CHO cell culture may occur during the harvest operations and/or the protein A chromatography step, resulting in the observation of antibody fragments (light chain, heavy chain, and various combination of both) in the protein A pools. Although all conditions leading to disulfide reduction have not been completely identified, an excessive amount of mechanical cell lysis generated at the harvest step appears to be an important requirement for antibody reduction (Trexler‐Schmidt et al., 2010). We have been able to determine the mechanism by which the antibody is reduced despite the fact that not all requirements for antibody reduction were identified. Here we present data strongly suggesting that the antibody reduction was caused by a thioredoxin system or other reducing enzymes with thioredoxin‐like activity. The intracellular reducing enzymes and their substrates/cofactors apparently were released into the harvest cell culture fluid (HCCF) when cells were exposed to mechanical cell shear during harvest operations. Surprisingly, the reducing activity in the HCCF can last for a long period of time, causing the reduction of inter‐chain disulfide bonds in an antibody. Our findings provide a basis for designing methods to prevent the antibody reduction during the manufacturing process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107:622–632. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization ofin vitrometabolism of capsazepine, a vanilloid transient receptor potential channel antagonist, by liquid chromatography quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Douat Jennifer , Vachon Pascal , Beaudry Francis 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCapsazepine is an antagonist of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which is known to play an important role in the regulation of pain and inflammation. A selective and sensitive quantitative method for the determination of capsazepine by HPLC‐ESI/MS/MS was developed. The method consisted of a protein precipitation extraction followed by analysis using liquid chromatography electrospray quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a 100 × 2 mm C18Waters Symmetry column combined with a gradient mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution at a flow rate of 220 µL/min. The mass spectrometer was operating in full‐scan MS/MS mode using two‐segment analysis. An analytical range of 10–5000 ng/mL was used in the calibration curve constructed in rat plasma. The inter‐batch precision and accuracy observed were 10.1, 6.4 and 6.1% and 100.8, 98.5 and 106.2% at 50, 500 and 5 000 ng/mL, respectively. Anin vitrometabolic stability using rat, dog or mouse liver microsomes was performed to determine the intrinsic clearance of capsazepine. The results suggest a very rapid degradation withT1/2ranging from 2.6 to 4.3 min and a high clearance, suggesting that drug bioavailability is considerably reduced following extravascular administrations, consequently affecting drug response. Three metabolites were identified by HPLC‐MS/MS. S‐hydroxylation (M + 16), oxidative desulfuration (M − 16) and desulfuration (M − 32) metabolites of capsazepine were observed following exposure to rat, dog and mouse microsomes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analytical method for prohexadione in Chinese cabbage and apple
Authors: Choi Jeong‐Heui , Yoon Hae‐Jung , Do Jung‐Ah , Park Yong‐Chun , Kim Jae Hun , Choi Dongmi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA residual determination method as a regulatory residue method was developed using HPLC‐UVD for prohexadione residues in Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) and apple (Malus domestica). The developed method consisted of solid–liquid extraction with acidic acetonitrile and ion‐suppression liquid–liquid partitioning, followed by anion exchange cartridge cleanup. The limits of detection and quantitation for the method were 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. The method gave good linearity in the range of 0.02–2.5 mg/kg. Accuracy and precision ranged from 84.1 to 94.1% and from 2.4 to 6.9%, respectively. Additionally, the confirmative conditions of LC‐MS/MS for prohexadione were set in negative electrospray ionization mode with transitions of m/z 211.4 → 167.5 and m/z 211.4 → 123.5 in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing real samples collected from local markets in Seoul, Republic of Korea. This developed method fully deserves consideration in accordance with its sensitivity, accuracy and precision required for residue analysis of prohexadione in Chinese cabbages and apples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usefulness of the simultaneous determination of serum levels of theophylline and its metabolites in patients medicated with theophylline preparation
Authors: Watanabe Yuko , Chohnabayashi Naohiko , Nasu Hideki , Nishimura Naoki , Uchiyama Noboru , Kizu Junko 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective: Measurement of the serum level of theophylline is essential for its proper use; however, it is difficult to infer the metabolic ability of individual patients by only the serum theophylline level and to decide the appropriate medication. In this study, we simultaneously measured serum theophylline and metabolite levels in patients treated with theophylline, and investigated their usefulness.Experimental: The subjects were asthma patients who visited the outpatient clinic of Respiratory Medicine, St Luke's International Hospital, between April and October 2003, and were medicated with sustained‐release theophylline tablets (Theodur®). The serum level of theophylline and its metabolites was measured by HPLC in patients who gave written consent.Results: A strong correlation was noted between the serum theophylline (TP) and 1,3‐dimethyluric acid (DMU) levels of 52 patients (r = 0.670), and DMU/TP was about 0.04. In a patient whose the DMU/TP was 0.216, it was recognized that metabolic ability was promoted due to a history of smoking.Discussion: In this study, it was shown that simultaneous measurement by HPLC of the serum level of theophylline and its metabolites and DMU/TP was useful to assess the metabolic ability of individual patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.