bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Component Langmuir–Blodgett Films Consisting of Surfactant, Clay Mineral, and Lysozyme: Construction and Characterization
Authors: Miao Shiding , Leeman Hugo , De Feyter Steven , Schoonheydt Robert A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Langmuir–Blodgett (L–B) technique has been employed for the construction of hybrid films consisting of three components: surfactant, clay, and lysozyme (Lys). The surfactants are octadecylammonium chloride (ODAH) and octadecyl ester of rhodamine B (RhB18). The clays include saponite and laponite. Surface pressure versus area isotherms indicate that lysozyme is adsorbed by the surfactant–clay L–B film at the air–water interface without phase transition. The UV‐visible spectra of the hybrid film ODAH–saponite–Lys show that the amount of immobilized lysozyme in the hybrid film is (1.3±0.2) ng mm−2. The average surface area (Ω) per molecule of lysozyme is approximately 18.2 nm2 in the saponite layer. For the multilayer film (ODAH–saponite–Lys)n, the average amount of lysozyme per layer is (1.0±0.1) ng mm−2. The amount of lysozyme found in the hybrid films of ODAH–laponite–Lys is at the detection limit of about 0.4 ng mm−2. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectra give evidence for clay layers, ODAH, lysozyme, and water in the hybrid film. The octadecylammonium cations are partially oxidized to the corresponding carbamate. A weak 1620 cm−1 band of lysozyme in the hybrid films is reminiscent of the presence of lysozyme aggregates. AFM reveals evidence of randomly oriented saponite layers of various sizes and shapes. Individual lysozyme molecules are not resolved, but aggregates of about 20 nm in diameter are clearly seen. Some aggregates are in contact with the clay mineral layers, others are not. These aggregates are aligned in films deposited at a surface pressure of 20 mN m−1.
Coke yield and heat transfer in reaction of liquid–solid agglomerates of Athabasca vacuum residue
Authors: Ali Mohamed , Courtney Megan , Boddez Lisa , Gray Murray 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe ultimate coke yield was determined for agglomerates of Athabasca vacuum residue and coke particles by heating on Curie‐point alloy strips in an induction furnace at 503 and 530°C until all toluene‐soluble material was converted. Coke yield results from agglomerates were compared to the coke yield results from reacting thin films of vacuum residue. The average coke yield from the agglomerates was 23%, while the coke yield from thin films of 20 µm thickness was 11%, which supports the role of mass transfer in coke formation reactions. The ultimate coke yield was insensitive to vacuum residue concentration, agglomerate size, and reaction temperature. The temperature profile within agglomerates was measured by implanting a thermocouple, and a simple heat transfer model was used to describe the temperature variation with time. The effective thermal diffusivity of the agglomerates was 0.20 × 10−6 m2/s. Control experiments on reaction in thin liquid films confirmed that heating rates in the range of 14.8–148 K/s had no effect on the ultimate yield of coke yield.
Caractérisation viscoélastique du comportement d'une membrane thermoplastique et modélisation numérique de thermoformage
Authors: Erchiqui F. , Imad A. , Mouloudi A. , Hsnaoui F. Slaoui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDans cet article nous nous intéressons, d'une part, à la caractérisation biaxiale, en soufflage libre du comportement viscoélastique des membranes thermoplastiques circulaires et amorphes, et d'autre part, à la simulation numérique de thermoformage. La membrane thermoplastique utilisée est l'ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiène styrène). Pour l'identification du comportement du thermoplastique, nous considérons le modèle intégral de Lodge. Dans un premier temps, nous utilisons la méthode des différences finies à pas variables pour la résolution du problème d'équilibre de la membrane et, ensuite, un algorithme modifié de Levenberg‐Marquardt pour minimiser la différence entre la pression calculée et celle mesurée. Ceci permet l'identification des constantes matérielles incorporées dans le modèle utilisé. Pour la simulation numérique de thermoformage, nous considérons la MEF en dynamique explicite et une charge en débit d'air qui obéit à l'équation d'état de Redlich‐Kwong des gaz réels. Pour cela, nous adoptons une formulation lagrangienne et l'hypothèse de la théorie des membranes. Le code par éléments finis résultant, nous a permis d'étudier, en thermoformage, l'influence de la loi de comportement sur la distribution finale des épaisseurs et des contraintes dans une pièce en ABS.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging of activatable target specific molecular probes
Authors: Alford Raphael , Ogawa Mikako , Hassan Moinuddin , Gandjbakhche Amir H. , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn vivo optical imaging using fluorescently labeled self‐quenched monoclonal antibodies, activated through binding and internalization within target cells, results in excellent target‐to‐background ratios. We hypothesized that these molecular probes could be utilized to accurately report on cellular internalization with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI). Two imaging probes were synthesized, consisting of the antibody trastuzumab (targeting HER2/neu) conjugated to Alexa Fluor750 in ratios of either 1:8 or 1:1. Fluorescence intensity and lifetime of each conjugate were initially determined at endosomal pHs. Since the 1:8 conjugate is self‐quenched, the fluorescence lifetime of each probe was also determined after exposure to the known dequencher SDS. In vitro imaging experiments were performed using 3T3/HER2+ and BALB/3T3 (HER2−) cell lines. Changes in fluorescence lifetime correlated with temperature‐ and time‐dependent cellular internalization. In vivo imaging studies in mice with dual flank tumors [3T3/HER2+ and BALB/3T3 (HER2−)] detected a minimal difference in FLI. In conclusion, fluorescence lifetime imaging monitors the internalization of target‐specific activatable antibody–fluorophore conjugates in vitro. Challenges remain in adapting this methodology to in vivo imaging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Faderl Stefan , O'Brien Susan , Pui Ching‐Hon , Stock Wendy , Wetzler Meir , Hoelzer Dieter , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a clonal expansion of hematopoietic blasts, is a highly heterogeneous disease comprising many entities for which distinct treatment strategies are pursued. Although ALL is a success story in pediatric oncology, results in adults lag behind those in children. An expansion of new drugs, more reliable immunologic and molecular techniques for the assessment of minimal residual disease, and efforts at more precise risk stratification are generating new aspects of adult ALL therapy. For this review, the authors summarized pertinent and recent literature on ALL biology and therapy, and they discuss current strategies and potential implications of novel approaches to the management of adult ALL. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
AZD6244 (ARRY‐142886) enhances the antitumor activity of rapamycin in mouse models of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huynh Hung 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) and mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) signaling pathways have been shown to play an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and angiogenesis, suggesting that inhibition of these pathways may have therapeutic potential.METHODS:We treated patient‐derived HCC xenografts with 1) mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA); 2) MEK inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY‐142886); and 3) AZD6244 plus RAPA (AZD6244/RAPA). Western blotting was used to determine pharmacodynamic changes in biomarkers relevant to angiogenesis, mTOR pathway, and MEK signaling. Apoptosis, microvessel density, and cell proliferation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:We report here that pharmacological inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway by AZD6244 enhanced the antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of mTOR inhibitor RAPA in both orthotopic and ectopic models of HCC. Such inhibition led to increased apoptosis, decreased angiogenesis and cell proliferation, reduced expression of positive cell cycle regulators, and increase in proapoptotic protein Bim.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate that the AZD6244/RAPA combination had antitumor and antiangiogenic effects in preclinical models of human HCC. Given the urgent need for effective therapies in HCC, clinical evaluating AZD6244/RAPA combination seems warranted. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Stage IV breast cancer in the era of targeted therapy
Authors: Neuman Heather B. , Morrogh Mary , Gonen Mithat , Van Zee Kimberly J. , Morrow Monica , King Tari A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Multiple studies have suggested that resection of the primary tumor improves survival in patients with stage IV breast cancer, yet in the era of targeted therapy, the relation between surgery and tumor molecular subtype is unknown. The objective of the current study was to identify subsets of patients who may benefit from primary tumor treatment and assess the frequency of local disease progression.METHODS:Patients presenting with stage IV breast cancer and intact primary tumors (n = 186) were identified from a prospectively maintained clinical database (2000‐2004) and clinical data were abstracted (grading determined according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system).RESULTS:Surgery was performed in 69 (37%) patients: 34 (49%) patients with unknown metastatic disease at the time of surgery, 15 (22%) patients for local control, 14 (20%) patients for palliation, and in 6 (9%) patients to obtain tissue. Surgical patients were more likely to be HER‐2/neu negative (P = .001), and to have smaller tumors (P = .05) and solitary metastasis (P <.001). Local therapy included axillary lymph node clearance in 33 (48%) patients and postoperative radiotherapy in 9 (13%) patients. The median survival was 35 months. Cox regression analysis identified estrogen receptor (ER) positivity (hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.29‐0.76), progesterone receptor (PR) positivity (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.90), and HER‐2/neu amplification (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.34‐0.77) as being predictive of improved survival. There was a trend toward improved survival with surgery (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.47‐1.06). On exploratory analyses, surgery was found to be associated with improved survival in patients with ER/PR positive or HER‐2/neu‒amplified disease (P = .004). No survival benefit was observed in patients with triple‐negative disease.CONCLUSIONS:Although a trend toward improved survival with surgery was observed, it was noted most strongly in patients with ER/PR positive and/or HER‐2/neu‒amplified disease. This suggests that the impact of local control is greatest in the presence of effective targeted therapy, and supports the need for further study to define patient subsets that will benefit most. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Single‐Electron Self‐Exchange between Cage Hydrocarbons and Their Radical Cations in the Gas Phase
Authors: Guerrero Andrés , Herrero Rebeca , Quintanilla Esther , Dávalos Juan Z. , Abboud José‐Luis M. , Coto Pedro B. , Lenoir Dieter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe show that the radical cations of adamantane (C10H16.+, 1H.+) and perdeuteroadamantane (C10D16.+, 1D.+) are stable species in the gas phase. The radical cation of adamantylideneadamantane (C20H28.+, 2H.+) is also stable (as in solution). By using the natural 13C abundances of the ions, we determine the rate constants for the reversible isergonic single‐electron transfer (SET) processes involving the dyads 1H.+/1H, 1D.+/1D and 2H.+/2H. Rate constants for the reaction 1H.++1D⇄1H+1D.+ are also determined and Marcus’ cross‐term equation is shown to hold in this case. The rate constants for the isergonic processes are extremely high, practically collision‐controlled. Ab initio computations of the electronic coupling (HDA) and the reorganization energy (λ) allow rationalization of the mechanism of the process and give insights into the possible role of intermediate complexes in the reaction mechanism.
A survey on IP‐based wireless sensor network solutions
Authors: Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. , Neves Paulo A. C. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of thousands of smart‐sensing nodes, which capture environment data for a sink node. Such networks present new challenges when compared with traditional computer networks, namely in terms of smart node hardware constraints and very limited energy resources. Ubiquitous computing can benefit from WSNs from the perspective that sensed data can be used instead of the user without explicit intervention, turning ubiquitous computing into a reality. Internet connectivity in WSNs is highly desirable, featuring sensing services at a global scale. Two main approaches are considered: proxy based or sensor node stack based. This second approach turns sensors into data‐producing hosts also known as ‘The Internet of Things’. For years, the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) suite was considered inappropriate for WSNs, mainly due to the inherent complexity and protocol overhead for such limited hardware. However, recent studies made connecting WSNs to the Internet possible, namely using sensor node stack based approaches, enabling integration into the future Internet. This paper surveys the current state‐of‐the‐art on the connection of WSNs to the Internet, presents related achievements, and provides insights on how to develop IP‐based communication solutions for WSNs today. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can ‘personalized diagnostics’ promote earlier intervention for dysglycaemia? Hypothesis ready for testing
Authors: Dankner Rachel , Danoff Ann , Roth Jesse 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe risk associated with progression to diabetes as well as for cardiovascular complications increases along a continuum, rather than being threshold‐dependent. How can we identify those with glucose levels in the upper reaches of normal who are most in need of a preventive intervention? With present criteria, we are likely excluding many individuals who have heightened risk. We introduce here the possibility of using a “personalized” glucose profile to encourage early intervention in subjects in whom glucose metabolism is deteriorating (on an individual level) but not yet abnormal on a population‐based norm. We further suggest that “personalized profiles” of hemoglobin A1c and basal plasma insulin may also help encourage appropriately early intervention. That the first line therapies are so effective, safe and simple make these more sensitive approaches very attractive. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch1 activation in mice causes arteriovenous malformations phenocopied by ephrinB2 and EphB4 mutants
Authors: Krebs Luke T. , Starling Christa , Chervonsky Alexander V. , Gridley Thomas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNotch signaling is essential for embryonic vascular development in mammals and other vertebrates. Here we show that mouse embryos with conditional activation of the Notch1 gene in endothelial cells (Notch1 gain of function embryos) exhibit defects in vascular remodeling increased diameter of the dorsal aortae, and form arteriovenous malformations. Conversely, embryos with either constitutive or endothelial cell‐specific Notch1 gene deletion also have vascular defects, but exhibit decreased diameter of the dorsal aortae and form arteriovenous malformations distinctly different from the Notch1 gain of function mutants. Surprisingly, embryos homozygous for mutations of the ephrinB/EphB pathway genes Efnb2 and Ephb4 exhibit vascular defects and arteriovenous malformations that phenocopy the Notch1 gain of function mutants. These results suggest that formation of arteriovenous malformations in Notch1 gain of function mutants and ephrinB/EphB pathway loss of function mutant embryos occurs by different mechanisms. genesis 48:146–150, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of an HLA‐C‐restricted CTL response in chronic HIV infection
Authors: Makadzange Azure T. , Gillespie Geraldine , Dong Tao , Kiama Peter , Bwayo Job , Kimani Joshua , Plummer Frank , Easterbrook Philippa , Rowland‐Jones Sarah L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHIV‐specific CTL play an important role in the host control of HIV infection. HIV‐nef may facilitate escape of HIV‐infected cells from CTL recognition by selectively downregulating the expression of HLA‐A and HLA‐B molecules, while surface expression of HLA‐C is unaffected. The HLA‐C‐restricted CTL responses have previously been largely ignored and poorly characterized. We examined the frequency, function, and phenotype of HLA‐C‐restricted CTL in ten antiretroviral therapy‐naïve Caucasian and African individuals with chronic HIV‐1 infection (for at least 8 years; CD4 cell counts in the range of 50–350) who carried the HLA‐Cw04 allele. HLA‐Cw04‐restricted CTL that recognize a conserved epitope within HIV‐1 envelope (aa 375‐383 SF9) were analyzed using IFN‐γ ELISPOT assays and phenotypic analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. HLA‐C‐restricted CTL play an important role in the HIV‐specific response, and can account for as much as 54% of the total response. HLA‐C‐restricted CTL are functionally and phenotypically identical to HLA‐A‐ and HLA‐B‐restricted CTL. HLA‐C‐restricted CTL in chronic HIV infection are memory cells of an intermediate phenotype, characterized by high CD27 and low CD28 expression and lack of perforin production.
FcεRI β‐chain ITAM amplifies PI3K‐signaling to ensure synergistic degranulation responseviaFcεRI and adenosine receptors
Authors: Nunomura Satoshi , Gon Yasuhiro , Yoshimaru Tetsuro , Kashiwakura Junichi , Kawakami Toshiaki , Ra Chisei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSimultaneous stimulation with antigen and adenosine in mast cells induces a synergistic degranulation response at a low antigen dose that is insufficient to cause secretion by itself. This kind of stimulation is thought to be relevant to the immediate asthmatic response upon bronchial challenge with low‐dose allergen. In this context, FcεRI‐ and adenosine receptor‐mediated signalings cooperate to increase degranulation in mast cells. In the present study, we prepared mast cells that have mutations (Y219F/Y225F/Y229F) in three tyrosine residues of the FcεRI β‐chain (FcRβ)‐ITAM in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of degranulation response synergistically elicited by costimulation with low‐dose antigen and adenosine. Introduction of mutations in the FcRβ‐ITAM abolished the synergistic degranulation response. Upon costimulation with low‐dose antigen and adenosine, tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb2‐associated binder 2, which is located upstream of PI3K‐signaling, was significantly increased, but severely diminished in FcRβ‐ITAM mutant cells. These findings indicate that FcRβ acts as a critical element in mast cell synergistic degranulation response through FcεRI and adenosine receptors, and that PI3K‐signaling through FcRβ‐ITAM is a crucial participant in augmentation of FcεRI‐mediated degranulation by adenosine.
Involvement of CD91 and scavenger receptors in Hsp70‐facilitated activation of human antigen‐specific CD4+ memory T cells
Authors: Fischer Nadja , Haug Markus , Kwok William W. , Kalbacher Hubert , Wernet Dorothee , Dannecker Guenther E. , Holzer Ursula 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHsp70 plays several roles in the adaptive immune response. Based on the ability to interact with diverse peptides, extracellular Hsp70:peptide complexes exert profound effects both in autoimmunity and in tumor rejection by evoking potent T cell responses to the chaperoned peptide. The interaction with receptors on APC represents the basis for the immunological functions of Hsp70 and a critical point where the immune response can be regulated. Various surface proteins (e.g. CD91, scavenger receptors (SR)) have been implicated in binding of Hsp70. In this study, antigenic peptides from tetanus toxin and influenza hemagglutinin complexed to human stress‐inducible Hsp70 were found to enhance the proliferation and cytokine production of human antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells. This was demonstrated in proliferation experiments using human monocytes as APC. Proliferated antigen‐specific cells were detected combining HLA‐DRB1*0401 or HLA‐DRB1*1101 tetramer and CFSE staining. Treating monocytes with CD91 siRNA diminished these effects. Additional blocking of SR by the SR ligand fucoidan completely abolished enhanced proliferation and production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Taken together, our data indicate that in the human system, CD91 and members of the SR family efficiently direct Hsp70:peptide complexes into the MHC class II presentation pathway and thus enhance antigen‐specific CD4+ T cell responses.
Phenolic compounds and some quality parameters of pumpkin seed oil
Authors: Andjelkovic Mirjana , Van Camp John , Trawka Agniezska , Verhé Roland 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPumpkin seed oil has become a recognized source of phenolic compounds. The main aim of this paper was to evaluate the concentration of phenolic compounds and their extraction from pumpkin seed oil. The total phenolics content (TPC) measured in the pumpkin seed oil samples ranged from 24.71 to 50.93 mg GAE/kg of oil. The individual phenolics were tyrosol, vanillic acid, vanillin, luteolin and sinapic acid. Hexane and acetone were the best solvents for the washing step, and methanol for the elution of the phenolics in the solid‐phase extraction (diol‐SPE), whereas bleaching caused a significant increase in the TPC obtained (24.5–30.7%). Additionally, some other oil characteristics were evaluated. The mean oxidative stability of the oils (OSI) was around 4 h, with 5.43 h for the most stable oil. The maximum antioxidant capacity measured by the reduction of the DPPH radical was 62%, which was comparable to 0.16 mM Trolox equivalent. The color of the oil was expressed by L*a*b* coefficients and its hue and saturation. Whereas all samples had similar lightness, their rates of green, red, yellow and blue color were different. Moreover, TPC correlated negatively with lightness, b* and saturation (–0.49, –0.48, and –0.43), and positively with a* and hue (0.58 and 0.52).
Vegetable oil‐based triols from hydroformylated fatty acids and polyurethane elastomers
Authors: Petrović Zoran S. , Cvetković Ivana , Hong DooPyo , Wan Xianmei , Zhang Wei , Abraham Timothy W. , Malsam Jeffrey 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNovel bio‐based polyols were prepared from hydroformylated oleic acid (9/10‐hydroxymethyl‐octadecanoic acid) methyl esters (HFME) and trimethylolpropane by transesterification. Hydroformylation produces primary hydroxyls, which allow relatively lower transesterification temperatures and better yields than hydroxy fatty acids with secondary hydroxyl groups. These non‐crystallizing polyols have no double bonds and their viscosities are acceptable. Polyurethane (PU) elastomers prepared by reaction of these polyols with diphenylmethane diisocyanate had glass transition temperatures from –33 to –56 °C, depending on the molecular weight of the triols. Tensile strength and Shore A hardness were higher, and elongation, swelling and sol fraction lower than those of corresponding networks from polyricinoleic acid polyols. The plasticizing effect of longer dangling chains in HFME‐based PU compensated, to a degree, the presence of double bonds in ricinoleic acid, effectively resulting in similar glass transitions between the two families of polyols.