bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subgroups of older adults with osteoarthritis based upon differing comorbid symptom presentations and potential underlying pain mechanisms
Authors: Murphy Susan L , Lyden Angela K , Phillips Kristine , Clauw Daniel J , Williams David A 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Although people with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) seek treatment because of pain, many of these individuals have commonly co-occurring symptoms (for example, fatigue, sleep problems, mood disorders). The purpose of this study was to characterize adults with OA by identifying subgroups with the above comorbid symptoms along with illness burden (a composite measure of somatic symptoms) to begin to examine whether subsets may have differing underlying pain mechanisms.

Methods
Community-living older adults with symptomatic knee and hip OA (n = 129) participated (68% with knee OA, 38% with hip OA). Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was used. To determine the relative contribution of each variable in a cluster, multivariate analysis of variance was used.

Results
We found three clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 45) had high levels of pain, fatigue, sleep problems, and mood disturbances. Cluster 2 (n = 38) had intermediate degrees of depression and fatigue, but low pain and good sleep. Cluster 3 (n = 42) had the lowest levels of pain, fatigue, and depression, but worse sleep quality than Cluster 2.

Conclusions
In adults with symptomatic OA, three distinct subgroups were identified. Although replication is needed, many individuals with OA had symptoms other than joint pain and some (such as those in Cluster 1) may have relatively stronger central nervous system (CNS) contributions to their symptoms. For such individuals, therapies may need to include centrally-acting components in addition to traditional peripheral approaches.
Exceptional aerobic scope and cardiovascular performance of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) may underlie resilience in a warming climate
Authors: Clark Timothy D. , Jeffries Kenneth M. , Hinch Scott G. , Farrell Anthony P. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
Little is known of the physiological mechanisms underlying the effects of climate change on animals, yet it is clear that some species appear more resilient than others. As pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in British Columbia, Canada, have flourished in the current era of climate warming in contrast to other Pacific salmonids in the same watershed, this study investigated whether the continuing success of pink salmon may be linked with exceptional cardiorespiratory adaptations and thermal tolerance of adult fish during their spawning migration. Sex-specific differences existed in minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rates ( and , respectively) across the temperature range of 8 to 28°C, reflected in a higher aerobic scope () for males. Nevertheless, the aerobic scope of both sexes was optimal at 21°C (Topt) and was elevated across the entire temperature range in comparison with other Pacific salmonids. As Topt for aerobic scope of this pink salmon population is higher than in other Pacific salmonids, and historic river temperature data reveal that this population rarely encounters temperatures exceeding Topt, these findings offer a physiological explanation for the continuing success of this species throughout the current climate-warming period. Despite this, declining cardiac output was evident above 17°C, and maximum attainable swimming speed was impaired above ∼23°C, suggesting negative implications under prolonged thermal exposure. While forecasted summer river temperatures over the next century are likely to negatively impact all Pacific salmonids, we suggest that the cardiorespiratory capacity of pink salmon may confer a selective advantage over other species.
Is breastfeeding safe with azathioprine?
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Qualie Jan , Currie Andrew , Howarth Edmund S , Khare Manjiri M 
Published: August 2011

Background Azathioprine is commonly used as an immunosuppressant during pregnancy in the management of various conditions such as connective tissue disorders, inflammatory bowel disease and pregnant women with organ transplant. Continuation of azathioprine through pregnancy and postpartum is vital for maternal reasons. However, there is limited evidence regarding safety of use of azathioprine with breastfeeding. Methods and results We report an observational case series of 10 mother–baby pairs managed at a tertiary teaching hospital. Mothers on azathioprine who were keen to breastfeed were counselled antenatally regarding limited short-term and long-term safety data for the babies. Mothers participating in this study completed a questionnaire at every visit. At follow-up visits, babies were examined by a neonatologist for clinical signs of infection and checked for adverse effects on haematological profile. Conclusion There was no clinically significant adverse effect on haematological profile or immunosuppression in these babies. Our case series supports safety of azathioprine in the short term. However, large numbers are needed to determine long-term safety of azathioprine and breastfeeding.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a North London antenatal population
Authors: Parisaei M , Govind A , Clements J , Arora P , Lashkari H , Kapila P 
Published: August 2011

Objective We evaluated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the antenatal patients attending North Middlesex University Hospital between March 2008 and March 2009. Study design A prospective study of maternal levels of vitamin D at booking. Results The prevalence of both deficient and insufficient levels of 25[OH]D was 87.6% across all included patients. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of asymptomatic vitamin D deficiency in the antenatal booking population.
Enhanced Measurement of Geosynthetic Interface Shear Strength Using a Modified Inclined Plane Device
Authors: Pitanga Heraldo Nunes , Gourc Jean-Pierre , Vilar Orencio Monje 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Composite lining systems comprising different geosynthetics and soil are typical capping devices in modern landfills. Analyses of the behavior of capping devices have shown that they are very sensitive components thanks in part to the shear strength of geosynthetic interfaces, many of which were reported to have controlled slippage between capping lining components during landfill slope failures. There are some laboratory testing alternatives for measuring the shear strength of the interface between geosynthetics or between geosynthetics and soil. The inclined plane test is especially appropriate for shear strength tests under low normal pressure which is a specific condition of these geosynthetic systems on cap cover. However, the selected shear strengths, inferred from the laboratory experimentation, show considerable variability, which depends on the test procedure. This work proposes a new procedure and a new interpretation of the inclined plane test taking as an example the interface between geospacers and geomembranes often considered as a critical interface. The measurement of displacement acceleration during the test gives the possibility of more accurately defining the large sliding displacement shear strength, which may approach the true residual condition.
Evaluation of the Effects of Climatic Conditions on Modulus of Base Materials with Recycled Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Wen Haifang , Wu Mengqi , Uhlmeyer Jeff 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The use of recycled materials for construction is beneficial to both the environment and the economy. Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is one of the most commonly used recycled materials. Different state departments of transportation allow the use of RAP in base materials at different percentages. Characterization of the resilient modulus of base materials with RAP is important for proper pavement design. In addition, the models used in the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) for traditional materials need to be verified for base materials with RAP, due to the unique properties of asphalt in RAP. This study evaluated the effects of moisture and temperature on the resilient modulus of base materials with different percentages of RAP. The models for the effects of moisture content on the resilient modulus of unbound materials were evaluated using crushed aggregates with RAP. In addition, models were proposed to account for the effects of temperature on the resilient modulus of base materials with RAP. The effects of the percentage of RAP on frozen moduli were also investigated.
Algal production in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for potential biofuel use
Authors: Park J. B. K. , Craggs R. J. 
Published: August 2011

Wastewater treatment High Rate Algal Ponds with CO2 addition could provide cost-effective and efficient tertiary-level wastewater treatment with the co-benefit of algal biomass production for biofuel use. Wastewater grown algal biomass can have a lipid content of 10–30% of dry weight, which could be used to make biodiesel. This research investigated algal biomass and total lipid production by two pilot-scale wastewater treatment HRAPs (4-day HRT) with and without CO2 addition under New Zealand mid summer (Nov–Jan) conditions. The influence of CO2 addition on wastewater treatment performance was also determined. CO2 was added to one of the HRAPs (the HRAPE) by maintaining the maximum pH of the pond below 8. Measurements of HRAP influent and effluent water qualities, total lipid content and algal biomass production were made twice a week over the experimental period.
Both HRAPs achieved high levels of organic compound and nutrient removal, with &gt;85% SBOD5, &gt;92 NH4+-N and &gt;70% DRP removal. Algal/bacterial biomass production in the HRAPE (15.2 g/m2/d) was improved by CO2 addition by ∼30% compared with that of the control HRAPW (10.6 g/m2/d). Total lipid content of the biomass grown on both HRAPs was slightly reduced (from 25% to 20%) with CO2 addition and the maximum total lipid content of ∼40% was observed in the HRAPW when low NH4+-N concentration (&lt;0.5 mg/L) and high maximum pH (&gt;10.0) occurred. Total lipid content of the biomass increased by ∼15% under nitrogen limiting conditions, however, overall algal/bacterial biomass production was reduced by half during the period of nitrogen limitation. More research is required to maintain algal production under near nitrogenlimiting conditions.
Bond Strength Evaluation of Three Self-adhesive Luting Systems Used for Cementing Composite and Porcelain
Authors: De Angelis F , Minnoni A , Vitalone LM , Carluccio F , Vadini M , Paolantonio M , D'Arcangelo C 
Published: August 2011

Clinical Relevance
Although all self-adhesive systems give improved handling and ease of use compared to traditional multi-step adhesive cements, clinicians should still consider self-adhesive cements as a heterogeneous category of luting agents that need to be better classified in terms of bond strength and chemical/mechanical properties.
« Bonne gouvernance » contre « auto-gouvernance » ? Conflits, alliances et résistances autour d'un programme européen de développement rural en Colombie
Authors: Santamaria Angela , Zunigo Xavier 
Published: August 2011

Résumé L’implantation d’un programme européen de développement rural dans le Cauca colombien génère un ensemble de conflits et de résistances de membres de la « communauté autochtone » de la région. La coordination mixte du programme entre experts internationaux, nationaux et autochtones et la création d’une nouvelle ONG locale imposées par la Délégation de la Commission européenne en Colombie, promotrice des principes de la « bonne gouvernance », a pour effet de bouleverser les relations de pouvoir établies et de faire perdre à une ONG locale, légitime pour les « autorités traditionnelles », le contrôle du programme. Les enjeux locaux, nationaux et internationaux de l’implantation du programme sont particulièrement explicites dans le cas des Écoles de justice en raison de leur position privilégiée dans le processus d’élaboration de la législation d’articulation entre juridiction nationale et autochtone. Les luttes pour leur contrôle permettent de saisir que l’opposition au modèle de la « bonne gouvernance », si elles prennent les formes d’une résistance culturelle, recouvrent également des stratégies de pouvoir pour le monopole de la gestion locale du programme de développement.
Le partage des responsabilités : les ONG, l'État et l'OMS face à la lèpre en Inde
Authors: Martin Fabienne 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Cet article se donne pour objet de réflexion la notion de « bonne gouvernance » à travers l’analyse des articulations entre ONG, État et institutions internationales. À partir de l’exemple d’une ONG active dans le domaine de la lèpre en Inde et dont nous considérons les champs et les modalités d’intervention, nous montrons comment se met en place un vaste processus participatif marqué par la délimitation fonctionnelle des tâches et le séquençage des responsabilités. Ainsi peut-on dire que la « bonne gouvernance » introduit, au-delà d’une participation chacun à son niveau à la diffusion des valeurs qui lui sont sous-jacentes, la fin du paradigme administratif reposant sur la dilution de la responsabilité. En cela l’« égalité » de l’ensemble des acteurs au détriment d’une prédominance de l’État fait de la « bonne gouvernance » un principe non pas tant de réduction du pouvoir de l’État que de réorientation de ses fonctions d’administration.
L'Union européenne et les sociétés civiles du Sud : du discours politique aux actions de coopération
Authors: Planche Jeanne , Lavigne Delville Philippe 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Cet article met en perspective la politique générale de l’Union Européenne et sa façon de concevoir les actions concrètes concernant les sociétés civiles des pays du Sud dans le cadre des nouvelles politiques de « bonne gouvernance » et plus particulièrement de l’Accord de Cotonou. À partir de l’étude de textes d’orientation de politique générale de la Commission Européenne ainsi que de documents de cadrage de plusieurs projets d’appui aux acteurs non étatiques, nous analysons la vision qu’a l’UE de la société civile et de ses rôles mais aussi les décalages entre politique affichée et conception implicite de l’appui à la société civile telle qu’elle se lit à travers des textes plus opérationnels.
Eau vécue et « sens marin »
Authors: Peignist Myriam 
Published: August 2011

Résumé L’homme prend la mer autant que « la mer prend l’homme ». Selon une philosophie des correspondances et des analogies entre le corps et l’eau, l’être humain ne vit pas dans une relation de possession ou de séparation avec les éléments mais dans un échange de qualités. La présence à l’eau comme lien cosmique s’entretient par le « mouillé du corps ». Une approche ethno-anthropologique, expérientielle et sensible, une écoute poétique des corps, permettent de passer d’une eau objective extérieure à une eau vécue . Une telle incorporation ressemble à une danse vertigineuse et ondulatoire. La Glisse comme concept général devient glisséité, c’est-à-dire qualité du sentir éprouvée par l’acteur. Un corps de glisse ne vit pas l’eau à distance comme décor, mais dans une acuité polysensorielle. Le corps de plaisance , adepte des sensations rares, hors de toute rentabilité, n’est pas un corps extrême. Faire corps avec l’eau, sentir la rareté de l’« or bleu », c’est avoir ce mystérieux « sens marin », peu étudié, qui résiste à l’analyse.
A floristic survey of a unique lowland rain forest in Moraella in the Knuckles valley, Sir Lanka
Authors: Medawatte WWMAB , Ekanayake EMB , Tennakoon KU , Gunatilleke CVS , Gunatilleke IAUN 
Published: August 2011

The luxuriant natural forests of the western lower slopes and valleys of the Knuckles range have been heavily deforested since the mid-19th century for conversion to coffee and tea plantations. Consequently, only scant floristic and ecological signatures of the original vegetation are still found, notably as scattered enclaves along stream reservations. Recently, an isolated forest fragment at 500-700 m amsl, not recorded previously, was located in Moraella in the valley of Kukul Oya (stream) in the south western foothills of Knuckles range. A vegetation survey of this forest recorded a total of 204 flowering plant species in 70 families. Eighty-nine (44%) of the species are endemic to Sri Lanka, while 39 (20%) are nationally threatened. Among the 148 tree, treelet and shrub species identified, 74 (50%) have not been recorded during previous floral surveys of the Knuckles forest reserve, while115 (78%) are common to the lowland rain forests of south-western Sri Lanka. The existence of a similar forest fragment located near Kosgama on the banks of Hulu Ganga (river), suggests that they represent remnants of a once extensive lowland rain forest formation. These forest fragments likely mark the north-eastern-most limits of distribution of lowland rain forests in Sri Lanka and warrant urgent conservation as biodiversity refugia. They may be the last vestiges of an almost disappearing lowland rain forest type in the Knuckles range. Key words: Sri Lankan flora, Dipterocarpaceae, ‘Dumbara Mitiyawatha’, refugia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v40i1.3405 CJSBS 2011; 40(1): 33-51
The H and K Family of Mock Theta Functions
Authors: McIntosh Richard J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn his last letter to Hardy, Ramanujan defined 17 functionsF(q), |q| < 1, which he calledmockθ-functions. He observed that asqradially approaches any root of unity ζ at whichF(q) has an exponential singularity, there is aθ-functionTζ(q) withF(q) −Tζ(q) =O(1). Since then, other functions have been found that possess this property. These functions are related to a functionH(x,q), wherexis usuallyqrore2πirfor some rational numberr. For this reason we refer toHas a “universal” mockθ-function. Modular transformations ofHgive rise to the functionsK,K1,K2. The functionsKandK1appear in Ramanujan's lost notebook. We prove various linear relations between these functions using Appell–Lerch sums (also called generalized Lambert series). Some relations (mock theta “conjectures”) involving mockθ-functions of even order andHare listed.
Reproducibility of ultrasound measurement of the abdominal aorta
Authors: Beales L , Wolstenhulme S , Evans J A , West R , Scott D J A 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening and surveillance programmes use ultrasound imaging to measure the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the infrarenal aorta. The aim of this study was to examine potential observer bias and variability in ultrasound measurements.

Methods
Studies were identified for review via a MEDLINE database search (1966–2009). References supplied in accessed papers were also checked for potential relevance. Consistent search terminology, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to ensure quality of data. Nine papers were available to review.

Results
Variation in intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility was identified. Six studies reported intraobserver repeatability coefficients for AP aortic diameter measurements of 1·6–4·4 mm. These were below the 5-mm level regarded as acceptable by the UK and USA AAA screening programmes. Five studies had interobserver reproducibility below the level of 5 mm. Four studies, however, reported poor reproducibility (range from − 2 to + 5·2 to − 10·5 to + 10·4); these differences may have had a significant clinical impact on screening and surveillance.

Conclusion
The studies used different methodologies with no standardized measurement techniques. Measurements were taken by observers from different medical disciplines of varying grade and levels of training. Standard training and formal quality assurance of ultrasound measurements are important components of an effective AAA screening programme.
Model‐Based Process Challenge of an Industrial Ion‐Exchange Chromatography Step
Authors: Westerberg K. , Broberg Hansen E. , Degerman M. , Budde Hansen T. , Nilsson B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe separation of one weakly and one strongly binding impurity from a therapeutic protein by ion‐exchange chromatography was studied with a mechanistic model. The effect of disturbances in eight potentially critical process parameters on two critical quality attributes was evaluated. It was found that the outgoing concentration of the weakly binding impurity was only affected by the ingoing concentration of this impurity, while the target product purity was affected by the amounts of buffer and acid used to prepare the elution buffers and the protein concentration and purity of the feed. Full factor analysis of these parameters showed that there were interaction effects between the parameters due to the pH dependence of the chromatographic separation. Sampling‐based robustness analysis estimated the probability of batch failure to be above 1 %. The model improved the analysis as it was possible to study the effects of more process parameters and their interactions than would have been possible in an experimental study.
Was the drop in mammography rates in 2005 associated with the drop in hormone therapy use?
Authors: Breen Nancy , Cronin Kathleen A. , Tiro Jasmin A. , Meissner Helen I. , McNeel Timothy S. , Sabatino Susan A. , Tangka Florence K. , Taplin Stephen H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:In 2005, mammography rates in the United States dropped nationally for the first time among age‐eligible women. An increased risk of breast cancer related to hormone therapy (HT) use reported in 2002 led to a dramatic drop in its use by 2005. Because current users of HT also tend to have higher mammography rates, the authors examined whether concurrent drops in HT and mammography use were associated.METHODS:Multivariate logistic regression was used to test for an interaction between HT use and survey year, controlling for a range of measurable factors in data from the 2000 and 2005 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS).RESULTS:Women ages 50 to 64 years were more likely to report a recent mammogram if they also reported more education, a usual source of care, private health insurance, any race except non‐Hispanic Asian, talking with an obstetrician/gynecologist or other physician in the past 12 months, or were currently taking HT. Women aged ≥65 years were more likely to report a recent mammogram if they also reported younger age (ages 65‐74 years), more education, a usual source of care, having Medicare Part B or other supplemental Medicare insurance, excellent health, any race except non‐Hispanic Asian, talking with an obstetrician/gynecologist or other physician in the past 12 months, or were currently taking HT.CONCLUSIONS:The change in HT use was associated with the drop in mammography use for women ages 50 to 64 years but not for women aged ≥65 years. NHIS data explained 70% to 80% of the change in mammography use. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.