bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitude towards Stretch Pain of the Elbow after Radial Head Fracture
Authors: Guitton Thierry G. , Vranceanu Ana-Maria , Ring David 
Published: December 2011

Background This prospective cohort study tested the hypothesis that agreement with the idea that ‘stretching of the elbow beyond the point where it becomes painful is important in recovery’ leads to greater elbow range of motion, 1 month after injury. Methods Seventy-one patients with an isolated partial articular radial head fracture seen within 14 days after injury completed measures of depression and catastrophic thinking and rated their agreement with a statement regarding pain and recovery from their injury on a five-point Likert scale. One month later, patients completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire and elbow and forearm motion were measured. Results Nine patients (12.6%) disagreed with the role of pain in recovery, six (8%) were neutral and 56 (78.9%) agreed. Patients that disagreed with the role of stretch pain in recovery were older ( p = 0.031), had more depressive symptoms (Center for the Epidemiological Study of Depression Instrument; p = 0.047), and achieved less elbow extension ( p = 0.050) and forearm rotation ( p = 0.017) 1 month after injury. Conclusions A protective attitude towards stretch pain during recovery from fracture of the radial head is associated with less elbow motion 1 month after injury. Level of evidence Prognostic study, Level 1 (prospectively).
A Methodology for Online Fatigue Monitoring With Consideration of Temperature-Dependent Material Properties Using Artificial Parameter Method
Authors: Zhang Hengliang , Xiong Yangheng , Nie Chu , Xie Danmei , Sun Kunfeng 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Following the basis of the ASME codes, the major nuclear components are designed to successfully avoid the fatigue failure. However, such design is generally very conservative and it is necessary to accurately assess the fatigue life of the components for the optimal life. The assessment of fatigue damage accumulation due to the thermal transients is currently performed via online fatigue monitoring systems. The algorithms for online calculation of thermal stress are one of the main components of these systems and are often based on the Green function technique (GFT), in which machine parameters such as fluid temperatures, pressures, and flow rates are converted into metal temperature transients and thermal stresses. However, since the GFT is based upon the linear superposition principle, it cannot be directly used when the temperature-dependent material properties are considered. This paper presents a methodology to consider the temperature- dependent material properties using artificial parameter method. Two cases are presented to compare the results calculated from the proposed models with those calculated by finite element method (FEM). It is found that the temperature-dependent material properties have significant influence on the maximum peak stresses which can be accurately captured by the models proposed in this work.
Platelet-Derived MHC Class I Confers a Pseudonormal Phenotype to Cancer Cells That Subverts the Antitumor Reactivity of Natural Killer Immune Cells
Authors: Placke Theresa , Örgel Melanie , Schaller Martin , Jung Gundram , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Kopp Hans-Georg , Salih Helmut Rainer 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that play an important role in tumor immunosurveillance, preferentially eliminating targets with low or absent expression of MHC class I and stress-induced expression of ligands for activating NK receptors. Platelets promote metastasis by protecting disseminating tumor cells from NK cell immunosurveillance, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we show that tumor cells rapidly get coated in the presence of platelets in vitro, and circulating tumor cells of cancer patients display coexpression of platelet markers. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, confocal microscopy, and analyses on an ultrastructural level using immunoelectron microscopy revealed that such coating may cause transfer of MHC class I onto the tumor cell surface resulting in high-level expression of platelet-derived normal MHC class I. The resulting “phenotype of false pretenses” disrupts recognition of tumor cell missing self, thereby impairing cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production by NK cells. Thus, our data indicate that platelets, by conferring an unsuspicious “pseudonormal” phenotype, may enable a molecular mimicry that allows metastasizing tumor cells to downregulate MHC class I, to escape T-cell–mediated immunity without inducing susceptibility to NK cell reactivity. Cancer Res; 72(2); 440–8. ©2011 AACR.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Ranging Study of Oral Sildenafil Citrate in Treatment-Naive Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Barst Robyn J. , Ivy D. Dunbar , Gaitan Guillermo , Szatmari Andras , Rudzinski Andrzej , Garcia Alberto E. , Sastry B.K.S. , Pulido Tomas , Layton Gary R. , Serdarevic-Pehar Marjana , Wessel David L. 
Published: December 2011

Background—
Safe, effective therapy is needed for pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Methods and Results—

Children (n=235; weight ≥8 kg) were randomized to low-, medium-, or high-dose sildenafil or placebo orally 3 times daily for 16 weeks in the Sildenafil in Treatment-Naive Children, Aged 1–17 Years, With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (STARTS-1) study. The primary comparison was percent change from baseline in peak oxygen consumption (PV̇
o
2
) for the 3 sildenafil doses combined versus placebo. Exercise testing was performed in 115 children able to exercise reliably; the study was powered for this population. Secondary end points (assessed in all patients) included hemodynamics and functional class. The estimated mean±SE percent change in PV̇
o
2
for the 3 doses combined versus placebo was 7.7±4.0% (95% confidence interval, −0.2% to 15.6%;
P
=0.056). PV̇
o
2
, functional class, and hemodynamics improved with medium and high doses versus placebo; low-dose sildenafil was ineffective. Most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. STARTS-1 completers could enter the STARTS-2 extension study; patients who received sildenafil in STARTS-1 continued the same dose, whereas placebo-treated patients were randomized to low-, medium-, or high-dose sildenafil. In STARTS-2 (ongoing), increased mortality was observed with higher doses.

Conclusions—

Sixteen-week sildenafil monotherapy is well tolerated in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension. Percent change in PV̇
o
2
for the 3 sildenafil doses combined was only marginally significant; however, PV̇
o
2
, functional class, and hemodynamic improvements with medium and high doses suggest efficacy with these doses. Combined with STARTS-2 data, the overall profile favors the medium dose. Further investigation is warranted to determine optimal dosing based on age and weight.

Clinical Trial Registration—

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00159913.
Divided Nations and the Challenges of Protection
Authors: Deng Francis M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe international community confronts a major gap between the ideals propounded by the United Nations and the realities on the ground that often negate those ideals. The lofty principles of peace, security, prosperity and respect for fundamental rights and civil liberties stand in sharp contrast with identity-based conflicts. These conflicts emanate not from mere difference, but from acute divisions within nations and the gross inequalities, discrimination, marginalization, and denial of rights associated with those divisions. When the international community tries to get involved to redress these domestic injustices, sovereignty is invoked as a barricade. Since military intervention to protect populations within countries is very costly in human and material terms, and although it cannot be ruled out under compelling circumstances, it is generally avoided. The challenge then becomes one of how to negotiate sovereignty, to engage governments in a constructive dialogue based on sovereignty as responsibility for state protection of its people, if necessary with the support of the international community. That is the challenge I have continued to confront in the various posts I've held throughout my career. That challenge constitutes the core message of this article.
Constrained Path Tracking at Varying Angles in a Mouse Tracking Task
Authors: Thibbotuwawa Namal , Goonetilleke Ravindra S. , Hoffmann Errol R. 
Published: December 2011

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the effects of direction and path length on movement time when traversing a constrained path of width, W, in a mouse tracking task. Background: Tracking within constrained paths has been demonstrated to hold in many applications. Movement time and velocity of movement have shown very similar relationships, possibly because of the lack of extreme testing conditions. Most previous research evaluated conditions with only constant path length (A) of movement. Method: A total of 15 participants performed a mouse steering task within a constrained path at various angles. The independent variables were track width (W), path length, and path angle. Movement time was the dependent variable. Results: Analyses showed a significant effect of movement direction on movement time, and the relationship was approximately sinusoidal and symmetrical about the horizontal axis. Path length had a significant effect on speed of movement, which was not that apparent on movement time. At low A/W values, movements appeared to be ballistic. Conclusion: Tracking within constrained paths can be modeled to account for the effect of path angle. Application: Vertical hand movements, especially within constrained paths, may not be ideal from a performance and biomechanical standpoint. The performance curve gradients are a good way to evaluate and standardize the testing of input devices and to define acceptable speeds for various tolerances in computer and industrial tasks that involve angular motions. The results of this experiment will help designers to optimize products and training programs.
Cystatin C and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate as Predictors for Adverse Outcome in Patients with ST-Elevation and Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Results from the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes Study
Authors: Åkerblom Axel , Wallentin Lars , Siegbahn Agneta , Becker Richard C , Budaj Andrzej , Buck Kristen , Giannitsis Evangelos , Horrow Jay , Husted Steen , Katus Hugo A , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Storey Robert F , Åsenblad Nils , James Stefan K 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe evaluated the predictive ability of cystatin C and creatinine-based estimations of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), including the Chronic Kidney Disease–Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) equation, in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with (STE-ACS) or without (NSTE-ACS) ST elevation in a large contemporary ACS population.METHODSConcentrations of cystatin C and creatinine, as well as eGFR at randomization, were measured in 16 401 patients in the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) study and evaluated as predictors of the composite end point of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction within 1 year. Two Cox proportional hazards models were used, the first adjusting for clinical characteristics and the second for clinical characteristics plus the biomarkers N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin I, and C-reactive protein.RESULTSThe median cystatin C value was 0.83 mg/L. Increasing quartiles of cystatin C were strongly associated with poor outcome (6.9%, 7.1%, 9.5%, and 16.2%). The fully adjusted hazard ratios per SD of cystatin C in the NSTE-ACS and STE-ACS populations were 1.12 (95% CI 1.04–1.20) (n = 8053) and 1.06 (95% CI 0.97–1.17) (n = 5278), respectively. There was no significant relationship of cystatin C with type of ACS (STE or NSTE). c Statistics ranged from 0.6923 (cystatin C) to 0.6941 (CKD-EPI).CONCLUSIONSCystatin C concentration contributes independently in predicting the risk of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction in NSTE-ACS, with no interaction by type of ACS. CKD-EPI exhibited the largest predictive value of all renal markers. Nevertheless, the additive predictive value of cystatin C or creatinine-based eGFR measures in the unselected ACS patient is small.
Strategies Older New Zealanders Use to Participate in Day-To-Day Occupations
Authors: Hocking Clare , Murphy Juanita , Reed Kirk 
Published: December 2011

Aim: This exploratory study aimed to uncover the strategies that older adults employ to ameliorate the impact of impairments and barriers to participation. Method: Eight participants were interviewed in their own homes, in a town or city in New Zealand. Findings: Inductive analysis of data revealed four main categories of strategies: strategies to keep safe, to recruit and accept help, to meet social and biological needs (nutritional and medical), and to conserve financial, material and bodily resources. Discussion: The study supports some previous findings of strategies used by older people, and demonstrates that enquiring into the strategies that older people devise and adopt into their own lives is a productive line of inquiry. The strategies described differ from those that occupational therapists recommend, and do not incorporate public health messages about the benefits of physical activity or recommendations about falls prevention. Conclusion: The findings suggest that asking older clients about the strategies that they use will uncover valuable information for therapists giving advice or issuing equipment to help older adults to manage in the community.
The Therapeutic Benefits of Horticulture in a Mental Health Service
Authors: Parkinson Sue , Lowe Claire , Vecsey Therese 
Published: December 2011

Introduction: The use of horticulture in mental health settings is widespread. Moreover, its effectiveness is supported by a body of qualitative evidence. Aims: The investigators in this research study sought to determine those aspects of their horticultural projects that conferred the greatest therapeutic benefit to their clients. They used outcome measures to rate the responses of participants, paying particular attention to the participants' expressed motivation. Method: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to evaluate six horticultural projects. Ten participants were interviewed, using an adapted version of the Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS) to rate factors that supported their motivation. Fifty participants were assessed, using the Volitional Questionnaire (VQ) to observe and rate the extent of their motivation. Findings: The therapeutic value of horticulture arose from a complex interplay of personal factors, including gender-based preferences, individual interests and social needs. Conclusion: The benefits of engaging in horticultural activity are not automatic. The external environment provides challenges, which can be graded by the facilitators to maximise the therapeutic benefit.
Synthetic, spectroscopic, magnetic, thermal, and antimicrobial approach towards new biocidal coordination polymers
Authors: Nishat Nahid , Hasnain Sumaiya , Asma Manisha and 
Published: December 2011

AbstractO‐aminophenol was reacted with glutraldehyde to obtain Schiff base, which was then reacted with formaldehyde in slight acidic medium to generate phenolic groups. Now the substituted Schiff base was reacted with the transition metal acetates of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) to get polymeric metal complexes. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of elemental analyses, 1H NMR spectra, 13C NMR spectra, magnetic measurements, thermogravimetric analyses, electronic spectra, and infrared spectra. The results are in accordance with an octahedral environment around the central metal ion. The polychelates of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) are paramagnetic while Zn(II) polychelate was found to be diamagnetic. The synthesized Schiff base acted as a uninegative bidentate ligand and bonding occurs through the hydroxyl oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The thermal behavior of these coordinating polymers was studied by TGA in nitrogen atmosphere up to the temperature range of 800°C. All the synthesized polychelates were also screened for their biocidal activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (bacteria), Candida albicans, and Muller species (yeast) by using agar well diffusion method. All the metal polychelates show promising antimicrobial activities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 124:3971–3979, 2012
Biodegradable supramolecular composites of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and low‐molecular‐weight organic gelators
Authors: Shibata Mitsuhiro , Kaneko Katsuyuki , Hirayama Kazuya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhen a homogeneous hot liquid of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with (R)‐12‐hydroxystearic acid (HSA) or N‐carbobenzyloxy‐L‐isoleucylaminooctadecane (CIA) was gradually cooled to room temperature, the mixture became gelatinous material and then solidified to give a PCL/HSA or PCL/CIA composite. The rheological measurements of the mixtures of PCL with HSA and CIA revealed that the organogels are formed at around 70–50°C and 100–73°C during the cooling process, respectively. Furthermore, the formation of supramolecular fibrillar networks was confirmed by the microscopic and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The tensile moduli of both the composites were improved by the addition of CIA and HSA. Both the composites showed so high biodegradability as PCL. The fibrillar networks of the composites were also regenerated during the repeated cooling process from the isotropic liquid. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Interfacial microvoid formation of poly(vinyl chloride)/polyacrylonitrile blend hollow‐fiber membranes
Authors: Mei Shuo , Xiao Changfa , Hu Xiaoyu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend hollow‐fiber membranes were prepared by a phase‐inversion method with water as inner and outer coagulations. The influence of the compatibility of the two polymers on the formation of interfacial microvoids (IFMs) in the PVC/PAN blend hollow‐fiber membranes was investigated by the theory of thermodynamics and examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, viscometry, and scanning electron microscopy. All of the results show that good compatibility did not exist in the PVC/PAN blend systems; this led to the formation of IFMs between the two polymers. Also, the performance of the experimental results showed that the addition of PAN contributed to the enhancement of the permeability of the blend membranes; this laid the foundation for further study of PVC/PAN blend hollow‐fiber membranes with antifouling properties after hydrolysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Rigid polyurethane foams based on activated soybean meal
Authors: Mu Youbing , Wan Xiaobo , Han Zhengxin , Peng Yongxin , Zhong Shu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSoybean meal (SM), an abundant biomass resource, was used as the surrogate to partially replace polyols in rigid polyurethane foam synthesis. Compared with polyurethanes based on other soybean‐based resources, such as soybean protein isolate (SPI), polyurethane foams based on activated SM showed better thermal and mechanical properties. The amount of SM in the final polyurethane foams can be as high as 30 wt % (base on the total weight of foam), which dramatically decreases the cost of the foams. The results also showed that SM played a vital role in improving the foam properties, which could be attributed to the participation of the functional groups in SM in the polyurethane foam synthesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Immunologic characteristics of intrarenal T cells: Trafficking of expanded CD8+ T cell β‐chain clonotypes in progressive lupus nephritis
Authors: Winchester Robert , Wiesendanger Margrit , Zhang Hui‐Zhu , Steshenko Valeria , Peterson Karin , Geraldino‐Pardilla Laura , Ruiz‐Vazquez Elena , D'Agati Vivette 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo better define the immunologic character of the T cell infiltrate in lupus nephritis.MethodsWe performed double immunohistochemical staining and clonotypic T cell receptor (TCR) β‐chain sequencing in multiple anatomic regions isolated by laser‐capture microdissection from renal biopsy samples.ResultsSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) kidneys have a variably patterned and often extensive infiltrate of predominantly clonally expanded T cells of CD4 and CD8 lineages. CD4+ T cells were prominent in nearly two‐thirds of SLE biopsy samples and were distributed as broad periglomerular aggregates or intermixed with CD8+ T cells forming periglomerular caps. Sequencing of the TCR from periglomerular regions showed a predominance of clonally expanded T cells. The CD8+ T cells, which were present in all biopsy samples, often adhered to Bowman's capsule and infiltrated the tubular epithelium. They exhibited features that suggest participation in an adaptive immune response: differentiation into CD28null memory‐effector phenotype, trafficking of the same expanded clonotype to different regions of the kidney and to the peripheral blood, and clonal persistence for years in repeat biopsy samples. CD8+ T cell tubulitis was especially associated with progressive changes.ConclusionThe immunologic characteristics of the infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lupus kidney indicate that they have the potential to mediate injury, which may be relevant to development of progressive renal failure. Whereas the oligoclonality of the CD4+ T cell infiltrate is consistent with the paradigm of SLE as a class II major histocompatibility complex–associated autoimmune disease, the finding of CD8+ T cell clonality and trafficking implies participation in a distinct systemic adaptive immune response.