bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A polyhedral study of the network pricing problem with connected toll arcs
Authors: Heilporn Géraldine , Labbé Martine , Marcotte Patrice , Savard Gilles 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe consider the problem of setting revenue‐maximizing tolls on a subset of arcs of a transportation network, assuming that the users of the network are assigned to shortest paths with respect to the sum of tolls and initial costs. Our main results are concerned with a polyhedral study of the problem, i.e., the design of valid inequalities and facets for this pricing problem and some of its variants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
A mean‐variance model for the minimum cost flow problem with stochastic arc costs
Authors: Boyles Stephen D. , Waller S. Travis 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article considers a minimum cost flow problem where arc costs are uncertain, and the decision maker wishes to minimize both the expected flow cost and the variance of this cost. Two optimality conditions are given, one based on cycle marginal costs, and another based on concepts of network equilibrium. Solution methods are developed based on these conditions. The value of information is also studied, and efficient approximation techniques are developed for the specific case of learning the exact cost of one or more arcs a priori. Finally, numerical results compare the solution methods developed in this work: the minimum mean cycle canceling algorithm performs better on all of the networks tested, although the equilibrium‐based algorithm is more competitive for large networks. Solution sensitivity to input parameters is also examined, as is the performance of the approximation techniques for the value of information. Approximation techniques based on arc cost distributions were found to outperform those based on properties of optimal flows. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
Hexahedral Mesh Matching: Converting non‐conforming hexahedral‐to‐hexahedral interfaces into conforming interfaces
Authors: Staten Matthew L. , Shepherd Jason F. , Ledoux Franck , Shimada Kenji 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a new method, called Mesh Matching, for handling non‐conforming hexahedral‐to‐hexahedral interfaces for finite element analysis. Mesh Matching modifies the hexahedral element topology on one or both sides of the interface until there is a one‐to‐one pairing of finite element nodes, edges and quadrilaterals on the interface surfaces, allowing mesh entities to be merged into a single conforming mesh. Element topology is modified using hexahedral dual operations, including pillowing, sheet extraction, dicing and column collapsing. The primary motivation for this research is to simplify the generation of unstructured all‐hexahedral finite element meshes. Mesh Matching relaxes global constraint propagation which currently hinders hexahedral meshing of large assemblies, and limits its extension to parallel processing. As a secondary benefit, by providing conforming mesh interfaces, Mesh Matching provides an alternative to artificial constraints such as tied contacts and multi‐point constraints. The quality of the resultant conforming hexahedral mesh is high and the increase in number of elements is moderate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive prenatal exclusion of haemoglobin Bart's using foetal DNA from maternal plasma
Authors: Ho Sherry S. Y. , Chong Samuel S. C. , Koay Evelyn S. C. , Ponnusamy Sukumar , Chiu Lily , Chan Yiong Huak , Rauff Mary , Baig Sonia , Chan Jerry , Su Lin Lin , Biswas Arijit , Hahn Sinuhe , Choolani Mahesh 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivePrenatal diagnosis of alpha‐thalassaemia requires invasive testing associated with a risk of miscarriage. Cell‐free foetal DNA in maternal plasma presents an alternative source of foetal genetic material for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. We aimed to exclude HbBart's noninvasively by detection of unaffected paternal alleles in maternal plasma using quantitative fluorescence PCR (QF‐PCR).MethodMicrosatellite markers (16PTEL05, 16PTEL06) within the breakpoint regions of ‐SEA, ‐FIL and ‐THAI deletions were analysed using QF‐PCR of maternal plasma from 30 families. In this blinded study, genotypes were confirmed using conventional PCR. Maternal plasma from two known cases of HbBart's were also analysed.ResultsHbBart's was excluded in 10 out of 30 (33.3%, 95% CI, 17.3–52.8%) mothers by identifying the presence of nondeleted paternally inherited fetal alleles; either only 16PTEL05 (n = 1) or only 16PTEL06 (n = 4), or both (n = 5), and confirmed through direct analysis of fetal DNA. Paternally inherited foetal alleles of 16PTEL05 and 16PTEL06 were not detected in maternal plasma of the two known HbBarts cases. False negatives were excluded with the detection of paternally inherited fetal control marker, D21S1270 in maternal plasma.ConclusionWe show proof‐of‐principle that such a test can accurately exclude HbBart's in the foetus by identifying the nondeleted paternally inherited fetal alleles in maternal plasma in one out of three pregnancies, avoiding invasive testing in these pregnancies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Z‐scores to compare biometry data obtained during prenatal ultrasound screening by midwives and physicians
Authors: Capmas P. , Salomon L. J. , Picone O. , Fuchs F. , Frydman R. , Senat M. V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo compare retrospectively the distribution of foetal biometry data as measured by midwives and physicians during second and third trimester screening of an unselected population of pregnant women.MethodsStandard measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were performed by four midwives and ten physicians at 20 to 24 weeks of gestation and at 30 to 34 weeks of gestation as part of routine ultrasound examinations over a 26‐month period (Jan. 2005–Mar. 2007). All measurements were converted into Z‐scores using different prediction equations. The reference chart best fitting our practice was determined for each fetal parameter (French College of Sonographers for BPD, Chitty et al. for HC and FL, Snidjers and Nicolaides for AC). The means and SDs of the Z‐score distributions for data collected by midwives and physicians were compared using Student's t‐test for means and the Fisher‐Snedecor test for SDs.ResultsWe retrieved 1566 and 1631 measurements made by midwives and physicians respectively between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation, and 1710 and 1578 measurements made by midwives and physicians respectively between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation. Mean values recorded by midwives were significantly closer to 0 (p < 0.05) for many foetal parameters. SD values were also significantly lower and were below 1.ConclusionIn this study, midwives have a greater tendency than physicians to normalize biometry data. Such normalization may hamper the sensitivity of routine ultrasound screening for abnormal foetal growth. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of temperature, solvent, Lewis acid and additives on the polymerization of tert‐butyl vinyl ether using Lewis acid‐induced N‐methyleneamines as cationic initiators
Authors: Leasure Joshua G , Brinkman Chelsea E , Tillman Eric S , Monk Ian W , Cohen Nicole A 
Published: December 2009

AbstractN‐Methyleneamines, formed by treating 1,3,5‐trimethylhexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazines with Lewis acids, have been shown to be capable initiators in the cationic polymerization of tert‐butyl vinyl ether, yielding polymers with amine functionality at the chain ends. Previous work was limited to titanium(IV) chloride (TiCl4) as the Lewis acid in dichloromethane solvent at 0 °C (with resulting polymers possessing relatively broad polydispersity index (PDI) values near 2), while this contribution details the effect of reaction parameters on the polymeric products; specifically, the role of temperature, solvent, Lewis acid and additives. Ultimately, performing the polymerization at −78 °C in dichloromethane with TiCl4 as the Lewis acid and tetra‐n‐butylammonium chloride (nBu4NCl) as the additive afforded the best control over the system, with polymers formed possessing low PDI values (<1.2). Dramatic changes in number‐average molecular weight and PDI were observed in polymers formed by initiating systems of Lewis acid‐induced N‐methyleneamines, with temperature, solvent, Lewis acid and additives all playing a role. By varying single parameters, optimization of the system was achieved. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Inactivation of Bacteria in an Aqueous Environment by a Direct‐Current, Cold‐Atmospheric‐Pressure Air Plasma Microjet
Authors: Liu Fuxiang , Sun Peng , Bai Na , Tian Ye , Zhou Haixia , Wei Shicheng , Zhou Yanheng , Zhang Jue , Zhu Weidong , Becker Kurt , Fang Jing 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA direct‐current, cold‐atmospheric‐pressure air plasma microjet (PMJ) sustained in a quasi‐steady gas cavity in a liquid medium is used to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) suspended in the liquid. The temperature and the pH value of the liquid change to steady‐state values of about 40 °C and 3.0–4.5, respectively, after 10 min of plasma treatment. The decrease in the pH is attributed to the reaction of NOx produced in the air plasma with water at the gas–liquid interface. The concentrations of NO and NO are measured to be 37 mg · L−1 and 21 mg · L−1, respectively, after a 20 min of plasma treatment. Effective inactivation of S. aureus is found to start after the pH values decreases to about 4.5. This is attributed to the high oxidizing potential of the perhydroxyl radical (HOO•) on the fatty acid in the cell membranes of the microorganisms in the liquid.magnified image
Crystal Shape Characterisation of Dry Samples using Microscopic and Dynamic Image Analysis
Authors: Patchigolla Kumar , Wilkinson Derek 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA standard method to determine particle shape and size is by image analysis. This paper addresses microscopic image analysis (semi‐automated) investigations of two different organic crystalline chemicals generated by batch cooling crystallisation. The results generated from microscopic image analysis were compared with data obtained by dynamic image analysis (automated) because very few contributions are available in the open literature. The chemical systems were polymorphic L‐glutamic acid which crystallises into α (prismatic) or β (needle) form and the non‐polymorphic mono sodium glutamate which crystallises into needles. The images from these techniques were processed to generate information on crystal shape and size. It has been observed that shape effects can distort the size obtained in size characterization studies.In this study, comparisons were made of processing time, number of crystals and accuracy between microscopic and dynamic image analysis. For representative microscopic image analysis, 5000 crystals were analysed in an average of eight hours while several hundred thousand crystals were processed using dynamic image analysis within 15 minutes. Using the parameters D10, D50, D90, span and aspect ratio for statistical comparison, it was found that the results obtained for D50 by the two techniques were comparable and in accordance with other measurements (laser diffraction spectroscopy and ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy) even though these non‐spherical particles had different orientations during measurement by the two methods. However, substantial differences in span of the distribution and aspect ratio were returned by the two techniques.
Serologically verified human bocavirus pneumonia in children
Authors: Don Massimiliano , Söderlund‐Venermo Maria , Valent Francesca , Lahtinen Anne , Hedman Lea , Canciani Mario , Hedman Klaus , Korppi Matti 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWorking HypothesisHuman bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly identified parvovirus frequently found in children suffering from acute respiratory and intestinal infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, by using a newly developed antibody assay, the role of HBoV in pediatric community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the seropositivity rate to HBoV in a prospective study in North‐Italian children.Materials/Patients and MethodsDuring a 15‐month study period, 124 children were admitted due to presumptive pneumonia, and in 101 of them, pneumonia was radiologically confirmed. The etiology of CAP was studied by antibody assays to 16 microbes, including the newly developed enzyme immunoassay for HBoV.ResultsSerological evidence of acute HBoV infection was found in 12 (12%) children, being single in 7 and mixed in 5 cases (4 with other viruses and 3 with bacteria). IgM was positive in 11 cases. A diagnostic rise in IgG antibodies between paired sera was observed in six cases. HBoV was the second most common virus next to respiratory syncytial virus (17%). The seropositivity rate to HBoV increased with age, reaching nearly 100% before school age.ConclusionsThe present results show that HBoV is able to induce significant antibody responses and suggest that HBoV may be a fairly common cause of pneumonia in children. Seroconversion to HBoV in most children takes place in early childhood. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:120–126. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevent major failures and accidents with well‐trained and empowered operators
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Aslam S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article shares Engro's experience at its ammonia plant involving the prevention of major failures of the synthesis gas compressor turbine by taking prompt action to shutdown the compressor. Engro's strategy of providing operations training to enable and empower its people to make the right decisions at right time is the major learning of this article, whereby a manual shutdown before the automatic instrumentation trip of the machine was initiated. This article also describes the techniques used by the operations team to train and empower their people. Despite a plant outage of more than 10 days to replace the rotor, we believe the manual shutdown averted a more disastrous situation. Continuing to run the turbine may have resulted in a safety incident or an even longer plant shutdown for significant repairs. A well‐trained and empowered operator is always helpful by making prompt decisions to shut down equipment, rather than relying solely on instrumentation to protect equipment. The following is a discussion of the training program which enables and empowers the operator to make correct decisions and take the correct action at the right time. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Estimation of the flammability zone boundaries for flammable gases
Authors: Hansen Travis J. , Crowl Daniel A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFor flammable gases and liquids in air, the upper and lower flammable limits are adequate to define the flammability. However, for either nitrogen or oxygen enriched mixtures the flammability is expressed more generally as a boundary in a flammable zone.This work presents equations to model the boundary of the flammable zone, with an emphasis on developing simple, direct algebraic equations. Separate equations are developed for the upper and lower boundaries to estimate the flammable zone. Two methods are presented to predict the upper and lower flammability zone boundaries: a simple thermodynamic model and an empirical model. The flammability zone boundary models are also applied to predict the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) and the upper and lower oxygen limits (LOL).The simple thermodynamic model is based on the adiabatic temperature change and assumes a simple reaction scheme and constant physical properties. This method approximates the boundaries as linear equations. This method uses the upper flammability and lower flammability limits (LFL) to calculate two adiabatic flame temperatures and attempts to account for the changes in the reactions along the upper flammability zone boundary. The empirical method approximates the boundaries with linear equations that are functions of the upper or LFL.Comparison of the models to experimental data shows that the empirical model works best for estimating the flammability zone boundaries. This model also estimates the limiting oxygen concentration, upper oxygen limit (UOL), and the LOL quite well. The regression coefficient values for the limiting oxygen concentration, UOL, and LOL are 0.672, 0.968, and 0.959, respectively. This is better than the fit of the yLOC = zyLFL method for the LOC, in which the regression coefficient's value is 0.416. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Inheritance of resistance to a new non‐steroidal ecdysone agonist, fufenozide, in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Sun Jingyan , Liang Pei , Gao Xiwu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), is a cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. Fufenozide, a novel non‐steroidal ecdysone agonist, exhibits good efficacy and plays an increasingly important role in the control of Lepidopterous pests in China. A laboratory strain of DBM was selected for resistance to fufenozide, and the genetic basis of resistance was studied.RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected under laboratory conditions, exhibited a higher level of resistance to fufenozide (302.8‐fold based on LC50s) than the laboratory susceptible strain. Mortality data from the testing of F1 progeny of reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible DBM indicated that resistance was autosomal and incompletely recessive with a degree of dominance of −0.664. Chi‐square analysis from responses of a backcross of crossed F1 progeny and the resistant strain and F2 progeny were highly significant, suggesting that the resistance was probably controlled by more than one gene. The estimated realised heritability (h2) of fufenozide resistance was 0.08, indicating that diamondback moth may have a lower chance of developing resistance to fufenozide than other kinds of insecticide.CONCLUSION: The resistance of DBM to fufenozide might be autosomal and incompletely recessive, and the resistance is probably controlled by more than one gene. These results provide the basic information for pest management programmes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Diversifying European agglomerations: evidence of urban population trends for the 21st century
Authors: Kabisch Nadja , Haase Dagmar 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe beginning of the 21st century marks the first time in history that more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. In Europe, more than 70% of the population lives in urban areas today. This number is likely to increase to 84% by 2050. However, a shift from growth to decline of urban population is already present for a growing number of cities. The paper examines urban population trends for 158 European agglomerations and assesses the dynamics behind one particular development of growth or decline. Using data from 1991 to 2004, we present statistical evidence of diversifying population trajectories for core cities and fringe areas. The quantitative results are contrasted with the widespread accepted cyclical urbanisation model that has been expounded as a theoretical approach to describe previous and future stages of European urban development. The structural approach of the model is discussed because we believe that such concepts do not reflect the dynamics of present urban development in Europe. The paper argues that the urban agglomerations studied do not show a single evolutionary stage of urban development. Rather, we found a coexistence of intensifying suburbanisation and developing reurbanisation, which is mainly driven by younger households. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergent spaces of reurbanisation: exploring the demographic dimension of inner‐city residential change in a European setting
Authors: Haase Annegret , Kabisch Sigrun , Steinführer Annett , Bouzarovski Stefan , Hall Ray , Ogden Philip 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEuropean inner city areas are increasingly regaining their residential attractiveness after years of decline. Although the demographic dimensions of such residential shifts are gradually being acknowledged by urban scholars, they still remain under‐researched, especially with regard to the role of household‐driven processes in the stabilisation of inner‐city neighbourhoods and the reshaping of residential perceptions, wants and needs.Given this background, our paper looks at the underlying dynamics of reurbanisation processes in different European cities. Reurbanisation is understood as a process of populating and diversifying the inner city with a variety of residential groups of different ages and socio‐economic backgrounds. We discuss why and how reurbanisation is changing inner‐city districts, while arguing that the demographic or household‐related view can lead to an improved understanding of current urban change. We demonstrate that – in contrast to a prevailing tendency to understand reurbanisation as an expression of a ‘back‐to‐the‐city’ movement – it relates more to city‐mindedness as a housing preference rather than to the actual return of suburbanites to the city. A typology of reurbanisation processes (distinguishing between different driving forces, and respective impacts on inner‐city area and housing markets) is provided, and the role of both social and demographic factors discussed. In particular, the paper examines overlaps and differences between reurbanisation and the concept of gentrification, arguing that, although they are partly driven by similar dynamics, the two processes are, in a qualitative sense, distinctive. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eutigoside C attenuates radiation‐induced crypt injury in the mouse intestine
Authors: Moon Changjong , Ahn Kyuyoung , Kim Jihoon , Kim Jeongtae , Kim Sung‐Ho , Oh Tae Heon , Lee Nam Ho , Jee Youngheun , Hyun Jin Won , Park Jae Woo , Shin Taekyun 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOn Jeju Island, South Korea, the leaves of Eurya emarginata have been traditionally used to treat ulcers or as a diuretic. Eutigoside C isolated from the leaves has been reported to have in vitro anti‐inflammatory effects. We evaluated the radioprotective effects of eutigoside C on jejunal cell apoptosis and crypt survival in mice subjected to gamma irradiation. In addition, the ability of eutigoside C to protect against radiation‐induced oxidative stress was examined by evaluating the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in radiation‐induced hepatic injury. Eutigoside C was administered intraperitoneally at 48, 12, and 1 h before irradiation. The administration of eutigoside C (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg body weight) before irradiation protected the intestinal crypts from radiation‐induced apoptosis (p < 0.05), and attenuated radiation‐induced decrease of villous height (p < 0.05). Pretreating mice prior to irradiation with eutigoside C (100 mg/kg) significantly improved the survival of the jejunal crypt (p < 0.01). The dose reduction factor was 1.09 at 3.5 days after irradiation. Treatment of eutigoside C prior to irradiation significantly protected SOD and CAT activities in radiation‐induced hepatic injury (p < 0.05). These results suggest that eutigoside C is a useful radioprotector capable of defending intestinal progenitor cells against indirect depletion, such as oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by gamma irradiation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.