bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stomatal evolution and plant adaptation to future climate
Authors: Chen Guang , Qin Yuan , Wang Jian , Li Sujuan , Zeng Fanrong , Deng Fenglin , Chater Caspar , Xu Shengchun , Chen Zhong‐Hua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal climate change is affecting plant photosynthesis and transpiration processes, as well as increasing weather extremes impacting socio‐political and environmental events and decisions for decades to come. One major research challenge in plant biology and ecology is the interaction of photosynthesis with the environment. Stomata control plant gas exchange and their evolution was a crucial innovation that facilitated the earliest land plants to colonize terrestrial environments. Stomata couple homoiohydry, together with cuticles, intercellular gas space, with the endohydric water‐conducting system, enabling plants to adapt and diversify across the planet. Plants control stomatal movement in response to environmental change through regulating guard cell turgor mediated by membrane transporters and signaling transduction. However, the origin, evolution, and active control of stomata remain controversial topics. We first review stomatal evolution and diversity, providing fossil and phylogenetic evidence of their origins. We summarize functional evolution of guard cell membrane transporters in the context of climate changes and environmental stresses. Our analyses show that the core signaling elements of stomatal movement are more ancient than stomata, while genes involved in stomatal development co‐evolved de novo with the earliest stomata. These results suggest that novel stomatal development‐specific genes were acquired during plant evolution, whereas genes regulating stomatal movement, especially cell signaling pathways, were inherited ancestrally and co‐opted by dynamic functional differentiation. These two processes reflect the different adaptation strategies during land plant evolution.
Recent progress in defect‐engineered metal oxides for photocatalytic environmental remediation
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Sajwan Devanshu , Gouda Ashrumochan , Sharma Anitya , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRapid industrial advancement over the last few decades has led to an alarming increase in pollution levels in the ecosystem. Among the primary pollutants, harmful organic dyes and pharmaceutical drugs are directly released by industries into the water bodies which serves as a major cause of environmental deterioration. This warns of a severe need to find some sustainable strategies to overcome these increasing levels of water pollution and eliminate the pollutants before being exposed to the environment. Photocatalysis is a well‐established strategy in the field of pollutant degradation and various metal oxides have been proven to exhibit excellent physicochemical properties which makes them a potential candidate for environmental remediation. Further, with the aim of rapid industrialization of photocatalytic pollutant degradation technology, constant efforts have been made to increase the photocatalytic activity of various metal oxides. One such strategy is the introduction of defects into the lattice of the parent catalyst through doping or vacancy which plays a major role in enhancing the catalytic activity and achieving excellent degradation rates. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of defects and their role in altering the photocatalytic activity of the material. Various defect‐rich metal oxides like binary oxides, perovskite oxides, and spinel oxides have been summarized for their application in pollutant degradation. Finally, a summary of existing research, followed by the existing challenges along with the potential countermeasures has been provided to pave a path for the future studies and industrialization of this promising field.
Women of Faith: Overcoming Challenges in the Church's Mission and the Academy
Authors: Palma Paul J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo recent books navigate the challenges and possibilities women encounter in church and society. Each proceeds from starkly different vantage points and targets distinct audiences. Dzubinski and Stasson's historical approach homes in on the horizon of ecclesial mission as depicted throughout the centuries of Christianity. This work is tailored especially for historians. Yuen and Collier‐Goubil focus on contemporary issues confronting women at the intersection of faith, the home, and the academy. This volume is written by and will appeal to a broad range of religious scholars, although it holds particular significance for those balancing a career in academia with motherhood. A comparison of these works offers unique insights into the shared concerns women with an array of vocations confront, as well as the distinct issues emerging from the arenas of ecclesial leadership, on the one hand, and the academy, on the other.
Does the S Still Stand for Small?
Authors: Abrams Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Small modular reactors (SMRs), designed to be faster to build and easier to site, have long been touted as a replacement for conventional reactors. SMRs—the International Atomic Energy Agency classifies the technology as reactors generating less than 300 MW of electricity—are conceived as a means to make nuclear power simpler and less challenging to add to the grid. But questions remain as to just what size is optimal for SMRs.
Reliability-Based Design Optimization of Additive Manufacturing for Lithium Battery Silicon Anode
Authors: Liu Zheng , Wu Hao , Wang Pingfeng , Li Yumeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the blooming of the electric vehicle market and the advancement in the lithium-ion battery industry, silicon anode has shown great potential for the next-generation battery. Using the state-of-the-art additive manufacturing technique (three-dimensional (3D) holographic lithography), researchers have demonstrated that silicon anode can be fabricated as a three-dimensional bicontinuous porous microstructure. However, the volume fluctuation of the silicon anode caused by lithiation during the discharging process causes continuous capacity decay and poor cycling life. Besides, uncertainties are inherent in the manufacturing and usage processes, making it crucial to systematically consider them in the silicon anode design to improve its performance and reliability. To fill the gap between current silicon anode research and future industrial need, this study established a digital twin to investigate the optimal design for silicon anode under the uncertainties of additive manufacturing and battery usage. This study started with developing multiphysics finite element models of the silicon anode lithiation process to investigate the volume fluctuation of silicon. Then, surrogate models were built based on the results from the finite element models to reduce computational cost. The reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) was employed to find the best design point for the silicon anode, in which an outer optimization loop maximized the objective function and an inner loop dedicated to reliability analysis. Finally, the Pareto optimal front of the silicon anode designs was obtained and validated, which shows over 10% improvements in the silicon anode's total capacity and rate capability.
High potency of linalool-zinc oxide nanocomposite as a new agent for cystic echinococcosis treatment
Authors: Albalawi Aishah E. , Shater Abdullah F. , Alanazi Abdullah D. , Alsulami Muslimah N. , Almohammed Hamdan I. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

This current
in vitro
,
ex vivo
, and
in vivo
research aims to evaluate and analyze the linalool-zinc oxide nanocomposite (Lin-ZNP) for treating cystic echinococcosis. Lin-ZNP was synthesized using an ethanolic solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The protoscolicidal effects of Lin-ZNP were tested on hydatid cyst protoscoleces (PTS) in both
in vitro
and
ex vivo
by eosin exclusion test. The study also examined the impact on caspase-3 gene expression and the external structure of PTS. The
in vivo
effect was measured by examining hydatid cysts' quantity, dimensions, and weight in mice intraperitoneally infected with 0.5 mL of PTS solution containing 1,000 PTS. The antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine gene expression levels were examined using real-time PCR. Lin-ZNP significantly (
P
< 0.001) killed the PTS in both
in vitro
and
ex vivo
in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The treated PTS exhibited creases and protrusions as a result of bleb formation and upregulation in the gene expression of caspase-3. Upon treatment with Lin-ZNP, there was a significant (
P
< 0.001) reduction in the number, diameter, and weight of the hydatid cysts. Treatment with Lin-ZNP nanocomposite led to a significant increase in the expression of antioxidant genes and a notable decrease in oxidative stress markers, and the expression levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Lin-ZNP has the potential to act as a scolicidal agent and demonstrates promise in controlling hydatid cysts in a mouse model, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, additional studies in clinical trials are needed to confirm the use of Lin-ZNP for treating hydatidosis.
Magmatic conditions aiding synconvergent extension above the Peruvian flat slab
Authors: Grambling Tyler A. , Jessup Micah J. , Newell Dennis L. , Grambling Nadine L. , Hiett Coleman D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Cordillera Blanca and Cordillera Huayhuash contain some of the highest topography in the Andes and provide insight into tectonomagmatic processes associated with the onset of flat-slab subduction. These adjacent ranges shared a similar history of deformation and exhumation prior to the late Miocene, when synconvergent extension began in the Cordillera Blanca. Magmatism in the Cordillera Huayhuash has been inferred as coeval with magmatism in the Cordillera Blanca. Yet, extension, which has been correlated with magmatic heat flow, is limited to the Cordillera Blanca. New zircon U-Pb dates and trace and rare earth element concentrations from the Cordillera Blanca batholith and the Huayllapa pluton in the Cordillera Huayhuash and reassessment of existing zircon data help to characterize regional magmatic processes prior to the establishment of flat-slab subduction. Two compositionally distinct samples of the Huayllapa pluton yielded mean ages of 24.8 ± 0.4 Ma and 25.4 ± 0.8 Ma. In contrast, the Cordillera Blanca batholith has a protracted crystallization history postdating that of the Cordillera Huayhuash by up to 20 m.y. Miocene magmatism in the Cordillera Blanca began at 19 Ma and ended with injection of large volumes of geochemically distinct, mantle-derived magma from 10 to 5 Ma. We suggest that 6–5 Ma magmatism in the Cordillera Blanca promoted elevated heat flow and reduced shear strength, which facilitated extensional shearing along the western slopes of the range, whereas colder amagmatic crust in the Cordillera Huayhuash inhibited southward propagation of faulting. Our data demonstrate that the linkages between magmatism and elevated heat flow identified in the Cordillera Blanca are important driving processes in initiating extension in cordilleran-style orogenies.
Preference-aligned fertility management among married adolescent girls in Northern Nigeria: assessing a new measure of contraceptive autonomy
Authors: Rothschild Claire W , Bulama Alhaji , Odeh Roselyn , Chika-Igbokwe Salome , Njogu Julius , Tumlinson Katherine , Musau Abednego 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionUniversal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare—including family planning (FP)—is a global priority, yet there is no standard outcome measure to evaluate rights-based FP programme performance at the regional, national or global levels.MethodsWe collected a modified version of preference-aligned fertility management (PFM), a newly proposed rights-based FP outcome measure which we operationalised as concordance between an individual’s desired and actual current contraceptive use. We also constructed a modified version (satisfaction-adjusted PFM) that reclassified current contraceptive users who wanted to use contraception but who were dissatisfied with their method as not having PFM. Our analysis used data collected 3.5 months after contraceptive method initiation within an ongoing prospective cohort of married adolescent girls aged 15–19 years in Northern Nigeria. We described and compared prevalence of contraceptive use and PFM in this population.ResultsNinety-seven per cent (n=1020/1056) of respondents were practising PFM 3.5 months after initiating modern contraception, while 93% (n=986/1056) were practising satisfaction-adjusted PFM. Among participants not practising satisfaction-adjusted PFM (n=70), most were using contraception but did not want to be (n=30/70, 43%) or wanted to use contraception but were dissatisfied with their method (n=34/70, 49%), while the remaining 9% (n=6/70) wanted but were not currently using contraception.ConclusionPFM captured meaningful discordance between contraceptive use desires and behaviours in this cohort of married Nigerian adolescent girls. Observed discordance in both directions provides actionable insights for intervention. PFM is a promising rights-focused FP outcome measure that warrants future field-testing in programmatic and population-based research.
‘Let him die in peace’: understanding caregiver’s refusal of medical oxygen treatment for children in Nigeria
Authors: Bakare Ayobami Adebayo , Salako Julius , King Carina , Olojede Omotayo E , Bakare Damola , Olasupo Olabisi , Burgess Rochelle , McCollum Eric D , Colbourn Tim , Falade Adegoke G , Molsted-Alvesson Helle , Graham Hamish R 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionEfforts to improve oxygen access have focused mainly on the supply side, but it is important to understand demand barriers, such as oxygen refusal among caregivers. We therefore aimed to understand caregiver, community and healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives and experiences of medical oxygen treatments and how these shape oxygen acceptance among caregivers of sick children in Lagos and Jigawa states, which are two contrasting settings in Nigeria.MethodsBetween April 2022 and January 2023, we conducted an exploratory qualitative study using reflexive thematic analysis, involving semistructured interviews with caregivers (Jigawa=18 and Lagos=7), HCPs (Jigawa=7 and Lagos=6) and community group discussions (Jigawa=4 and Lagos=5). We used an inductive-deductive approach to identify codes and themes through an iterative process using the theoretical framework of acceptability and the normalisation process theory as the analytic lens.ResultsMedical oxygen prescription was associated with tension, characterised by fear of death, hopelessness about a child’s survival and financial distress. These were driven by community narratives around oxygen, past negative experiences and contextual differences between both settings. Caregiver acceptance of medical oxygen was a sense-making process from apprehension and scepticism about their child’s survival chances to positioning prescribed oxygen as an ‘appropriate’ or ‘needed’ intervention. Achieving this transition occurred through various means, such as trust in HCPs, a perceived sense of urgency for care, previous positive experience of oxygen use and a symbolic perception of oxygen as a technology. Misconceptions and pervasive negative narratives were acknowledged in Jigawa, while in Lagos, the cost was a major reason for oxygen refusal.ConclusionNon-acceptance of medical oxygen treatment for sick children is modifiable in the Nigerian context, with the root causes of refusal being contextually specific. Therefore, a one-size-fits-all policy is unlikely to work. Financial constraints and community attitudes should be addressed in addition to improving client–provider interactions.
“I pity the TB patient”: a mixed methods study assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB services in two major Indonesian cities and distilling lessons for the future
Authors: Mashuri Yusuf Ari , Boettiger David , Wahyuningtias Siska Dian , Negara Srila Nirmithya Salita , Subronto Yanri Wijayanti , Liverani Marco , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Ahmad Riris Andono , Thabrany Hasbullah , Fardousi Nasser , Kaldor John , Probandari Ari , Wiseman Virginia 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn Indonesia, a country with around 280 million people and the second-highest tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate in the world, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB care needs careful assessment so that future response strategies can be strengthened. We conducted a study comparing TB testing and treatment rates before and during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, and the reasons for any disruptions to care.MethodsWe conducted retrospective secondary data analysis and qualitative interviews in Yogyakarta and Bandung, Indonesia. Routine data on TB testing and treatment were sourced from the national TB information system operated by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. TB testing and treatment outcomes were compared between two time periods: pre-COVID (2018–19); and during COVID-19 (2020–21). In-depth interviews were conducted with patients and health workers to explore their experiences in accessing and providing TB services during the pandemic.ResultsThere was a 45% (21 937/39 962) reduction in the number of patients tested for TB during the pandemic compared with pre-COVID-19, while the proportion of TB tests returning a positive result increased from 12% (4733/39 962) to 50% (10 945/21 937). The proportion of TB patients completing treatment increased by 2.6% during the pandemic, yet the proportion cured and the number of patients successfully treated both decreased (by 7% and 4.4%, respectively). Our qualitative interviews highlighted several factors influencing TB service access and delivery, including fear of being diagnosed with COVID-19 during TB-related clinic visits, fear of COVID-19 exposure among patients and health workers, healthcare facilities prioritising COVID-19 over other services, and mandatory mobility restrictions affecting both patients and health workers.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic impacted TB testing and treatment outcomes in Bandung and Yogyakarta. Policymakers should consider these findings in designing strategies to ensure TB services are maintained and supported during future health crises.
109: RISK MANAGEMENT AND PATIENT SAFETY IN OPERATING ROOM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Kabiri Neda , Jannati Ali , Vahed Nafiseh , Oskouei Mina Mahami 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:The concept of risk management is a new issue which pointed out the dangers of the health system on patients. Statistics indicate that a non-negligible percentage of patients, faced with health system, especially hospitals, and injuries are complications arising from the provision of services. Since the entire process of provision of health services is combined with a degree of safety and risk, therefore, safety is one of the most fundamental principles of service delivery in health centers. This study was a systematic review of risk management and patient safety in operating room.Methods:We systematically reviewed the literature from PubMed (Medline), The Cochrane Library, Ovid, Scopus, Embase, Proquest and Google Scholar published between 2000 and 2016. The search strategy Included a combination of key words “Risk Management”, “Patient Safety”, “Operating Rooms” in all fields. Also the publication types of review and articles were included and meetings abstracts, editorials, brief commentaries, letters, errata and papers that Subtopics were also excluded.Results:The initial search identified 340 abstracts. Application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in 24 articles for review. The majority of studies mentioned well communication between patient and operating team, Steps to prevent wrong-site, wrong-person and wrong-procedure errors, checklist using and Teamwork as effective interventions.Conclusion:Results from this project gives healthcare managers, policy makers, and operating room staff useful information to increase surgical rooms efficiency and patient safety.
79: IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON EFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Ebrahimi Zahra , Piri Zakieh , mehdikhani Afsaneh , Khara RouhAllah 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a systematic process of searching, evaluating and using the best evidence available for clinical decision that this evidence obtained from clinical research consciously. Information technology refers to any technology using for receiving, storing, processing, transmission and presentation of information. This technology in EBM led to the release, evaluation and critique of the medical research evidence. The aim of this study was to exploring the impact and benefits of information technology in evidence-based medicine.Methods:The search was conducted in main databases include WOS, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest using keywords such as “health information technology”,” social network”, “decision support system”, ”effects”, ”benefits”, “information technology”, “internet”, “evidence based medicine” and “practice based medicine” until the end of 2016. The results were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results:Finally, 40 Paper was included in this study. The results showed increasing usage of information technology in EBM. Information technology improves patient safety, quality of care and reduces Medication errors, through clinical supervision and increase adherence to the preventive care guidelines. Internet, social networks, decision support systems, Artificial intelligence and neural network are some of the technologies that used in EBM.Conclusion:Using information technology facilitates the evidence-based medicine processes are extremely effective. So that Internet has easy access via links to information and specialized evidence-based clinical guidelines, that can be used for improved decision-making and facilitate communication and dissemination of information. Any technology that can to facilitate collection, storage, process and retrieve information for health staff it can also have a positive impact in improving EBM. In general, EBM is a dream without the use of technologies and policymakers should seriously plan to use more IT.
A rapid review to identify physical activity accrued while playing golf
Authors: Luscombe Jack , Murray Andrew D , Jenkins Evan , Archibald Daryll 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo identify physical activity (PA) accrued while playing golf and modifiers of PA accrued.DesignA rapid review of primary research studies. Quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies.Methods and outcomesThe following databases were searched from 1900 to March 2017: SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Google Advanced Search, ProQuest, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. All primary research investigating golf or golfers with any of the following outcomes was included: metabolic equivalent of task, oxygen uptake, energy expenditure, heart rate, step count, distance covered, strength, flexibility, balance, sedentary behaviour.ResultsPhase one searching identified 4944 citations and phase two searching identified 170 citations. In total, 19 articles met inclusion criteria. Golf is primarily a moderate intensity PA, but may be low intensity depending on the playing population and various modifiers. Less PA is accrued by those who ride a golf cart compared with those walking the course.ConclusionsGolf can be encouraged in order to attain PA recommendations. Further research is required into the relationship between golf and strength and flexibility PA recommendations and how modifiers affect PA accrued.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017058237.