bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of cytogenetic and molecular techniques in ocular pathology
Authors: COUPLAND SE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The roles of molecular techniques in ocular pathology are four‐fold: a) Understanding disease pathogenesis; b) diagnosis; c) prognosis; and d) predicting therapy response.Methods Examples of recent developments in molecular pathology in understanding the pathogenesis of tumours include the sonic hedgehog pathway in BCC; polyomavirus MCPyV in Merkel cell carcinoma; microsatellite instability in sebaceous carcinoma; fusion oncogenes in adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma; and A20 gene deletions in conjunctival MALT lymphoma. Molecular techniques, such as IgH‐PCR and TCR‐PCR, are required regularly for the confirmation of the diagnosis of ocular B‐ and T‐cell lymphomas, respectively. In particular, IgH‐PCR is required to provide supportive evidence for the diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma, when evaluating a diagnostic vitrectomy or a subretinal aspirate/chorioretinal biopsy.Results The main example in ocular oncology where molecular techniques are used for prognostication is uveal melanoma. The presence of monosomy 3 and polysomy 8 was initially detected using FISH. Techniques, which provide more detailed information, such as MLPA, aCGH, and GEP, have been introduced in various ocular oncology centres, with the molecular genetic data being incorporated with clinical and histomorphological features to provide individualized prognostic curves.Conclusion Advances have been made in some other malignancies in predicting tumour response to therapy. For many ocular malignancies, such a “magic bullet” has not yet been found; however, the principles of predicting “responders” and “non‐responders” and the potential targets will be discussed.
Cadmium, copper and lead in cataractous and normal dog lenses
Authors: DODI PL , QUINTAVALLA F 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose This study aims to determine the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in cataractous and normal dog lens. The possible role of these elements in cataractogenesis has been suggested by reports in humans.Methods 14 cataracts dogs lenses and a control group of 6 normal clear dogs lenses of different breeds and sex living in same area have been examined. The average ages of the cataractous group are 9.6+/‐4,6 years old, while the control group are 4,8+/‐2,9 years old. Cataractous lenses were classified as mature. Removed lenses were placed into cleaned PVC tubes and kept frozen below ‐20°C before being assayed. Cd, Cu and Pb levels of the samples were determined with a Perkin‐Elmer atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with graphite furnace system using a standard addition technique. The concentrations were calculated in terms of mg/kg dry tissue weight. Statistical method used was Student t test.Results Cataractous lenses: Cd 0,081+/‐0,046; Cu 2,9+/‐1,5; Pb <0,05. Normal lenses: Cd 0,062+/‐0,035; Cu 3,6+/‐3,8; Pb <0,05. No significant differences in Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations related to age and sex have been found at the comparison of normal versus cataractous lensConclusion In humans and animals the most likely origin of Cd, Cu and Pb is from environmental contamination. The results suggest that the low concentrations of these heavy metals in cataractous lens in dogs can be related to the fact that: a) dogs have a shorter lifespam than men; b) these elements are not widely spread in the Italian environment; c) the pattern of absorption and storage of these elements could vary among different species.
The modern management of ocular surface burns
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOcular surface burns can be due to the exposition to chemical agents, extreme temperatures or ultraviolet, infrared or ionising radiations. Alkali burns differ from acid burns by the fact that they deeply penetrate in the anterior segment and so are particularly severe. Initial clinical examination (with the help of classifications) tells us how to adapt the treatment and gives us the prognosis. The 4 Grades Ropper‐Hall’s classification has been replaced by the more precise 6 Grades Dua’s one. Surgical treatment aiming to restoring a proper corneal epithelium has improved the prognosis of severe cases. It can address the acute (Amniotic Membrane Transplantation, Sequential Sectorial Epitheliectomies) or the late stage of the disease (Limbal Stem Cell (LSC) Transplantation / in or ex vivo expansion). In all cases, an optimal control of the ocular surface inflammation is essential to the LSC survival.
Unilateral pediatric cataract of uncertain cause
Authors: PARK JH , LEE JJ , SONG SW 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report the surgical results of unilateral pediatric cataract of uncertain cause and find out factors related to better outcome.Methods We reviewed the medical records of 39 patients who underwent surgery for unilateral pediatric cataracts of no known cause. All patients underwent primary Intraocular lens implantation, and postoperatively, they were treated for amblyopia with glasses or monocular patch. Postoperative final visual acuity levels greater than 20/30 were considered ‘good’. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine factors affecting surgical outcome.Results The mean age was 5.9 ± 1.8 years (range 2.6 to 9.2) at the time of surgery. The mean final postoperative visual acuity was 0.47 ± 0.54 logMAR (range 0.00 to 2.00). In all, 46.2% (18 of 39) achieved a ‘good’ visual acuity. The ‘good’ visual acuity was significantly associated with better preoperative visual acuity, smaller amount of preoperative refractive error, smaller amount of preoperative refractive error difference between the operated eye and the fellow eye, and absence of strabismus (p = 0.002, 0.010, 0.008, and 0.014 respectively). Only preoperative visual acuity was significant in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.028). The preoperative visual acuity of 20/160 or better was found to increase the chance of achieving ‘good’ visual acuity by 8.66‐fold (95% CI 1.26 to 59.38).Conclusion Preoperative visual acuity is the most important prognostic indicator for surgical outcome of unilateral pediatric cataract of uncertain cause.
Management of IOLs in pediatric cataracts
Authors: DEL BUEY MA , CRISTOBAL JA , REMON L , LAVILLA L , MINGUEZ E , ASCASO J , CASAS P , JIMENEZ B , PALOMINO C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To describe the different possibilities of treatment in pediatric cataract with IOL implantation; analyzing the type of IOL, the position of the haptics AND optic.Methods Children of different ages underwent cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. We analyzed age of detection, age at surgery, cooperation of the patients, uni or bilaterality, presence of associated ocular abnormalities. Postoperatively we studied the evolution of the ocular inflamation during the first weeks, avoiding synechiae and membranes formation using oral prednisolone. Also we studied the visual recovery of the pseudophakic eye trying to avoid ambliopya by oclussion therapy of the fellow eye (in case of monocular cataract).Results We obtained our best results by implanting an IOL always if possible, unless there is associated ocular pathology (microphthalmos, iris abnormalities,...). Our choice: In children under 2 years of age monofocal "3 pieces" IOL with haptics in sulcus and the optic in the bag or luxated into the vitreous (power undercorrected in 20%). In children between 2 and 4 years of age "3 pieces" IOL in the bag or with the optic into the vitreous. In older children with good preoperative biometric evaluation and good cooperation, specially in monocular developmental cataract, a great option is the use of multifocal IOLs to improve binocularity.Conclusion In our experience, the best option to manage with pediatric cataract is to implant an IOL after cataract extraction, unless the presence of associated ocular abnormalities make it inadvisable . Visual recovery will be faster than in pediatric aphakic eyes and less "hard". Controversy still persists about the appropiate power of the IOL and how to calculate it.
Outcomes of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in cataracts secondary to uveitis
Authors: JIMENEZ DEL RIO B , PEREZ GARCIA D , RAMIRO P , IBANEZ J , PINILLA I , MINGUEZ E , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Cataract is a common complication of uveitis. Development of cataract depends on factors such as severity or chronicity of the process, steroid treatment and posterior irido crystalline synechiae formation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation in patients with cataracts secondary to uveitis.Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of cataract surgeries secondary to uveitis after 3 months of no inflammation. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were performed between january of 2004 and 2010. Studied variables were sex, age, type of uveitis, visual acuity before and after surgery, uveitis sequelae and surgical complications.Results We studied 32 eyes of 21 patients (12 women and 9 men). The average age was 49.19+/‐15.4 years. Average preoperative best corrected visual acuity was 0.24+/‐0.1 while the final best corrected visual acuity was 0.75+/‐0.2. The most common inflammatory process was idiopathic anterior uveitis.Other inflammation processes were Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis or pars planitis. There was no postoperative recurrence of uveitis in 29 eyes(90.6%) during the first month. The most frequent early postoperative complication was corneal edema and the late one was iris atrophy due to pupillary distention. Posterior capsule opacification appeared in 21 cases(66%) during the first six months after surgery. In 79% of patients achieved a final visual acuity from 0.6 to 0.9.Conclusion Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation is, at this moment,the chosen surgical technique in most postuveítis cataract because it causes less inflammation and provides good visual results.
A comparison of remaining refractive error after cataract surgery using different monofocal intraocular lenses
Authors: STRATOS A , PEPONIS V , DRAKOS E , HALKIADAKIS I , SKOURIOTIS S , PARIKAKIS EA , KARAGIANNIS D , MITROPOULOS P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the refractive outcomes following cataract surgery using single‐piece and three‐piece monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).Methods In this retrospective study 114 eyes were enrolled. Monofocal single‐piece IOLs were used in group I (Quatrix/Croma., Austria, 61 eyes) and group II (Acrysof IQ /Alcon Laboratories Inc., Texas, 29 eyes) while three‐piece IOLs were implanted in group III (Mediconsult A85UV/Mediconsult Intraocular., Germany, 24 eyes). The main clinical outcome parameter evaluated was the remaining spherical equivalent refraction (Remaining SER: post‐op SER – target refraction). Kruskal‐Wallis non‐parametric ANOVA statistic test was used for data analysis.Results The mean target refraction was ‐0.52D (SD 0.34). The mean remaining SER in group I, [Iota][Iota] and III was +0.46D (SD 0.93), +0.25D (SD 0.61) and ‐0.29D (SD 0.97) respectively. Kruskal‐Wallis H test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the residual refractive error among the different IOL implants (H (2) =11.255, P=.004).Conclusion According to statistics, single‐piece IOL implants Quatrix and AcrySof IQ induced a slight hyperopic shift whereas the refractive outcomes of three‐piece implants (Mediconsult A85UV) concurred with the preoperative target. Future prospective studies and a larger number of cases are needed to verify the aforementioned results.
Evaluation of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery using Liquifaction Method
Authors: KALFERTOVA M , BUROVA M , NEKOLOVA J , JIRASKOVA N , ROZSIVAL P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is still one of the most common complication following cataract surgery with IOL implantation. We evaluate the extent of PCO after cataract surgery ‐ torsional phacoemulsification and Liquifaction method removal of the epithelial cells (right eye) and torsional phacoemulsification (left eye). For PCO quantification we use two types of software.Methods In our prospective clinical study we examine patients 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, digital retroillumination photographs of the anterior segment, pachymetry, endothelial cell count (ECC) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) are obtained For evaluation of PCO we use EPCO 2000 software (Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification) and OSCA software (Open‐Access Systematic Capsule Assessment).Results The BCVA two years postoperatively is 0.896 ± 0.13 (right eye), 0.883 ± 0.16 (left eye). Nd‐YAG laser capsulotomy one year after surgery underwent one patient (both eyes) and one patient two years postoperatively (right eye). EPCO results ‐ right eye: 0.260 ± 0.198 (3M); 0.259 ± 0.173 (6M); 0.308 ± 0.19 (12M); 0.419 ± 0.252 (24M), left eye: 0.279 ± 0.170 (3M); 0.280 ± 0.153 (6M); 0.333 ± 0.197 (12M); 0.480 ± 0.313 (24M) OSCA results ‐ right eye: 0.599 ± 0.240 (3M); 0.605 ± 0.333 (6M); 0.598 ± 0.256 (12M); 0.655 ± 0.402 (24M), left eye: 0.627 ± 0.403 (3M); 0.635 ± 0.360 (6M); 0.629 ± 0.328 (12M); 0.654 ± 0.452 (24M).Conclusion The Liquifaction method is save for occular tissue. One year after surgery most cases of PCO is graded as minimal. Supported in part by Charles University Grant Agency, No. 103809
Light transmission of the human lens and its relation with aging
Authors: FELIPE MARCET A , ARTIGAS VERDE JM , NAVEA TEJERINA A , FANDINO A , ARTIGAS C , GARCIA‐DOMENE MC 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the visible light transmission of the human crystalline lens of persons of different ages, using both solar and incandescent illumination.Methods The spectral transmission of lens was measured by using the Perkin‐Elmer 800 UV/VIS spectrophotometer. With these data we calculated the percentage of visible light transmission for solar illumination, simulated by the CIE D65 illuminant, and for incandescent illumination (A illuminant).Results The total amount of visible light transmitted by nine crystalline lenses is represented as a function of age: with solar illumination and with incandescent illumination and the comparison between both illuminants.In general, the amount of visible light transmitted by the crystalline decreases with age and, in relative values, this transmission is higher with incandescent illumination (between 2 and 8% higher) than with solar illumination.Conclusion In general, total transmission of visible light decreases greatly with age.Nonetheless, the case of the transmission of a crystalline lens of a 50‐year‐old being much lower than that of a 64‐year‐old has been reported, which indicates that some of the factors that determine the darkening of the crystalline lens may act more intensely in some people than in others. Moreover, a slight improvement in visible light transmission was observed when incandescent light was used instead of solar light. This is because the crystalline lens yellows with age and as incandescent light is basically yellow, it is almost wholly transmitted. However, as solar light is tremendously intense, the absolute amount of light that reaches the retina is always much greater with solar rather than with incandescent illumination.
Age‐induced change in the color of the human crystalline lens
Authors: ARTIGAS VERDE JM , FELIPE MARCET A , NAVEA A , FANDINO A , ARTIGAS C , DIEZ‐AJENJO A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the chromatic coordinates of different human crystalline lenses to analyze the age‐induced change in the color of the crystalline.Methods The spectral transmission of nine human crystalline lenses of different ages were measured by using a Perkin‐Elmer 800 UV/VIS spectrophotometer. Using these data we calculated the chromatic coordinates of each crystalline lens for both solar and incandescent illumination. The study adheres to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki for Research Including Human Subjects and was approved by the Institutional Review Board.Results The results show a greater saturation of color with the increase of age. In principle, the change tends towards yellow, although for ages of over 70 years it veers more towards orange colors. All the crystalline lenses were more yellow and saturated under incandescent illumination.Conclusion At the beginning, a young crystalline lens is transparent and its chromatic coordinates practically coincide with those corresponding to solar light. As age increases, the crystalline lens yellows. On the basis of the results obtained, it cannot be claimed that the more yellow a crystalline lens is, the older it is. Our results show that between 40 and 67 years the chromatic coordinates are quite similar, especially under incandescent illumination. However, total transmission of light is more important for vision than the color of the lens and we have found that the age‐induced changes in these two parameters do not always coincide. All this shows that the different factors that influence yellowing of the crystalline lens do not act in the same way on everyone and that crystalline opacification does not depend solely on aging.
Ocular phototoxicity and altitude among mountaineer guides
Authors: EL CHEHAB H , BLEIN JP , HERRY JP , GIRAUD JM , LE CORRE A , CHAVE N , RACTMADOUX G , SWALDUZ B , MOURGUES G , DOT C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate ocular phototoxicity in mountaineer guide in Chamonix, France, exposed to altitude characterized by increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation.Methods 96 guides working and 90 subjects living in plains, older than 50 years, replied to a questionnaire assessing altitude exposure and wearing protective eyewear. We performed slit lamp examination after pupil dilatation, retinal photography (Topcon) and crystalline lens density analysis (Oculyzer®, Alcon). Student t‐test was used to compare the groups and logistic regression to evaluate risks factors in guides group.Results Guides mean age was 59.8years and 59.1 for control (p=0.39). Guides developed more chronic blepharitis (52.1% vs. 10.6%, p<0.01), pterygium (8.9% vs. 0%, p<0.01), pinguecula (58.3% vs. 21.7%, p<0.001). Their corneal break up time was shorter (4.5secs vs. 7secs, p<0.01). Guides presented more cortical cataract (p<0.01) and cataract surgery (p=0.01). Only 61.5% guides had normal ocular fundus vs. 81.1% in control group (p<0.01). They developed more drusenoid deposit (27.2% vs. 15.6%, p<0.01). Guides group analysis showed that exposure superior to 3000m is risk factor to develop anterior cortical cataract (OR=1.16, p<0.01). Exposition to snow increases risk of maculopathy (OR=1.9, p<0.01). Questionnaire reveals discontinuous eye protection in medium altitude. Wearing ski mask reduces cataract, age related maculopathy and chronic blepharitis risk.Conclusion Ocular findings highlight the higher incidence of ocular surface pathology, anterior cortical lens opacities and drunenoid deposits. This data emphasize the potential deleterious role of UVs and importance to wear sunglasses even in low to medium altitude but also when climbing.
The ‐1562C/T MMP‐9 and the ‐511C/T IL‐1β gene polymorphisms in primary open‐angle glaucoma patients
Authors: MAJSTEREK I , MARKIEWICZ L , PRZYBYLOWSKA K , GACEK M , WASZCZYK M , UDZIELA M , SZAFLIK JP , SZAFLIK J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) play a role in the remodeling of extracellular matrix components (ECM) and the development of primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). Interleukin 1 (IL‐1β) is considered as MMP’s transcription upregulating factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate an association of the ‐1562C/T MMP‐9 and the ‐511C/T IL‐1β gene polymorphisms with a risk of POAG in a Polish population.Methods DNA samples obtained from 196 POAG patients (mean age 70 ± 14) and 256 control subjects (mean age 67 ± 16) were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction (PCR‐RFLP).Results The comparison of genotypes distributions showed that the ‐1562C/T genotype (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.10 ‐ 2.58; P = 0.015) and the T allele (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.10 ‐ 2.26; P = 0.014) of MMP‐9 exhibit a significant increase of the frequency in POAG patients as compared to healthy controls. A statistically significant increase of the frequency was also found for the ‐511T/T genotype (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.23‐4.51; P = 0.009) and the T allele (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06‐1.85; P = 0.017) of IL‐1β in POAG patients. The analysis of gene‐gene interactions of MMP‐9 and IL‐1β showed a statistically significant increase of the frequency of the C/T‐C/T (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.25‐4.10; P = 0.006) and the C/C‐T/T (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.05‐4.71; P = 0.033) genotypes in POAG patients group.Conclusion In conclusion, we suggest that MMP‐9 and IL‐1β gene polymorphisms may be associated with an increased risk of POAG in a Polish population. This work was supported by grants N N402 375838 and N N402 248936 from Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
Multiple mtDNA deletions in Kearns‐Sayre syndrome associated with macular dystrophy
Authors: ASCASO FJ , LOPEZ‐GALLARDO E , DEL PRADO E , RUIZ‐PESINI E , DEL BUEY MA , CRISTOBAL JA , SOUSA R , MONTOYA J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Kearns‐Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare disorder resulting from a mitochondrial dysfunction. Classical triad includes chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), tapetoretinal degeneration and complete heart block. A 48‐year‐old woman with a clinically and histopathologically confirmed KSS developed a maculopathy resembling an adult‐onset vitelliform macular dystrophy in her right eye.Methods The patient underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA),electroretinogram (ERG), electrooculogram (EOG), visually evoked cortical potentials (VEP)and muscle enzymes determination. A sartorius muscle biopsy was performed. DNA was submitted to Southern blot analysis.Results The foveal vitelliform lesion remained hypofluorescent because the accumulation of vitelliform material blocks fluorescence. OCT revealed a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)detachment in the right macula. ERG, EOG and VEP were normal. Serum lactate value was 3.3 mg/dL (normal: 0.63‐2.44). Muscle enzymes were normal. Muscle biopsy demonstrated "ragged red fibres" on Gomori‐trichome staining. On electron microscopy abnormal aggregation of large and atypical mitochondria were observed. DNA analysis identified the presence of multiple deletions in the mtDNA of a muscle sample, with the common deletion of 4977 bp the most abundant.Conclusion The retina, in particular RPE, is highly vulnerable to mtDNA defects and decreased oxidative phosphorylation. This is the first report associating KSS to multiple mtDNA deletions and there have been no previous reports of such macular lesion occurring in association with KSS.Ohthalmologists should be aware of the mitochondrial ocular myopathies.