bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Conventional and Automated Culture System for Isolation of <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</i>
Authors: Uddin Md Nizam , Uddin Md Jalal , Mondol Md Eunus Ali , Islam Sk Md Jaynul , Wadud ABM 
Published: July 2009

This was a prospective comparative study between conventional and automated culture system for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sputum samples from 138 clinically diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from Institute of Disease of the Chest & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka & Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka were collected and culture was carried out in both conventional Lowenstein- Jensen (L-J) media & MB-BacT automated culture system to compare the recovery rate, mean detection time and contamination rate. The study was carried out at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Dhaka Cantonment, between March 2000 and January 2001. Out of the 138 specimens, 87 were culture positive. Among these, 83 cases (95.40%) were detected by MB/BacT and 74 cases (85.06%) by L-J media. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed for smear negative culture positive cases (41 & 32 respectively). Of the total 87 culture positive cases, 70 were detected by both the systems but among the rest, MB/BacT alone detected 13 cases & L-J media alone detected only 04 cases. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean detection times for smear positive culture positive cases (41 sample) on an average were 9.24 days by MB/Bac T system and 20.6 days by L-J media. While for smear negative culture positive cases (45 sample), the figures were 18.50 and 27.50 days respectively. All the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). MB/BacT system showed less contamination rate, 05 cases (3.62%) in contrast to the 07 cases (5.07%) for L-J method. This difference also reached statistically significant (p < 0.05). The MB/BacT system thus found to be superior method of choice especially for handling large number of specimens. Key Words: Automated culture system, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi: 10.3329/jafmc.v5i1.2844 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 5, No 1 (June) 2009 pp.14-17
Histopathologic Pattern of Gastric Cancer in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Sk Md Jaynul , Ali Syed Mokarram , Ahmed Salahuddin , Afroz Quazi Dil , Chowdhury Rubaiyat , Huda Mahmudul 
Published: July 2009

Incidence of gastric carcinoma as well as other gastric malignancies is increasing day by day in the whole world as well as in Bangladesh. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in this country is an important contributing factor in this increasing trend of gastric malignancies. A study was carried out at the Department of Histopathology, Delta Hospital Limited, Dhaka to find out patterns of gastric malignancies in Bangladesh. All endoscopic gastric biopsy received during the stipulated period from January to December 2007, irrespective of age, sex and clinical suspicion, samples were included in the study. During the period total 1543 gastric biopsy samples were received, which were 7.95% of all the received (19410) samples. The endoscopic gastric biopsy samples were received from almost all the geographic locations of Bangladesh. Among those 5 (0.3%) samples were discarded from the study due to superficial inadequate biopsy. Out of 1538 cases 636 (41.35%) cases were malignant neoplasm of stomach, 493 (32.05%) were chronic active gastritis, 150 (9.75%) were chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, 208 (13.52%) were chronic peptic ulcer, 48 (3.12%) were gastric polyp and 11 (0.72%) others. Among 636 gastric malignancies 625 (98.27%) were gastric adenocarcinoma and 11 (1.73%) were non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most 357 (57.12%) of the gastric adenocarcinomas were poorly differentiated, 80 (12.8%) were well differentiated and 84 (13.44%) were moderately differentiated. Out of 625 cases, 104 (16.64%) cases were mucin secreting adenocarcinoma. Out of 11 Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma cases 10 were male and 01 was female. For adenocarcinoma male and female ratio was 2.36:1. Among the gastric carcinoma group the youngest person affected was of 16 year and the oldest person was of 100 year with the mean age 43.14 year. Among the Non Hodgkin's lymphoma group the mean age was 45 year with the range from 22 year to 65 year. Among the gastric malignancies, 275 (44%) cases were from Chittagong division, 188 (30.08%) from Dhaka division, 108 (17.28%) from Rajshahi division, 58 (9.28%) from Khulna division and others from Sylhet and Barisal division. It reflects very high incidence of gastric malignancies in comparison to other pathological changes in gastric endoscopic biopsy. It also reflects that between 16 year to 100 year no age is immune to the disease. Key Words: Histopathologic pattern, Gastric carcinoma. doi: 10.3329/jafmc.v5i1.2846 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 5, No 1 (June) 2009 pp.21-24
Closure of Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus in a Patient with Severe Pulmonary Hypertention by Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) - A Case Report
Authors: Fatema Nurun Nahar 
Published: July 2009

A large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of 15 mm size with severe pulmonary hypertension was detected in an eighteen year old male. He was planned for device closure. After checking reversibility of pulmonary vascular bed, a 16 mm x 14 mm PDA device was deployed without releasing from delivery cable and haemodynamic response of patient was observed for one hour. As there was no hypertensive crisis, implantation of a device was planned. 16 mm device appeared small as there was some leakage of dye. So PDA device was taken out, an 18 mm Amplatzer septal occluder was then used for complete occlusion of huge PDA. Patient was discharged from hospital next morning. Echocardiography before discharge showed no residual shunt, left pulmonary artery stenosis or coarctation of aorta.Key Words: Closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA closure), Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO). doi: 10.3329/jafmc.v5i1.2852 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 5, No 1 (June) 2009 pp.46-48
Bilateral Hearing Loss after Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Ahmed Masud , Chowdhury Md Rezaul Alam , Islam Md Shahidul , Ahmmed Salahuddin 
Published: July 2009

Mild and transient hearing deficiency is not very uncommon after anaesthesia which improves before patient is fully aware of the problem. But complete prolong bilateral hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia is extremely rare complication, which falls in the category of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). The diagnosis and management of SSNHL is still controversial. doi: 10.3329/jafmc.v5i1.2854 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 5, No 1 (June) 2009 pp.53-55
Thermal Radiation Effects on MHD Free Convection Flow Past an Impulsively Started Vertical Plate with Variable Surface Temperature and Concentration
Authors: Suneetha S. , Reddy N. Bhaskar , Prasad V. Ramachandra 
Published: July 2009

Thermal radiation effects on hydromagnetic free convection flow past an impulsively started vertical plate with variable surface temperature and concentration is analyzed, by taking into account the heat due to viscous dissipation. The governing boundary layer equations of the flow field are solved by an implicit finite difference method of Crank-Nicholson type. A parametric study is performed to illustrate the influence of radiation parameter, magnetic parameter, Grashof number, Prandtl number, Eckert number on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Also, the local and average skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are presented graphically. The numerical results reveal that an increase in thermal radiation reduces both the velocity and temperature in the boundary layer and a rise in viscous dissipation accelerates the flow. Key words: Thermal radiation, MHD, viscous dissipation, vertical plate. DOI: 10.3329/jname.v5i2.2694 Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 5(2)(2008) 57-70
IL-27 Abrogates Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis of Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Forming Unit Cells through STAT1-Dependent Inhibition of c-Fos
Authors: Furukawa Mitsuru , Takaishi Hironari , Takito Jiro , Yoda Masaki , Sakai Sadaoki , Hikata Tomohiro , Hakozaki Akihiro , Uchikawa Shinichi , Matsumoto Morio , Chiba Kazuhiro , Kimura Tokuhiro , Okada Yasunori , Matsuo Koichi , Yoshida Hiroki , Toyama Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
IL-27 was first discovered as a factor supporting initial Th1 immune responses. Subsequent studies revealed that this cytokine has pleiotropic effects, including inhibition of certain immune cells, a regulatory role in hemopoietic stem cell differentiation, and antitumor activities. However, the role of human IL (hIL)-27 in human osteoclast precursors and inflammatory bone disease is unclear. Here, we examined the direct effect of hIL-27 on human osteoclastogenesis. Human bone marrow cells cultured in MethoCult medium containing human (h) GM-CSF, human stem cell factor, and hIL-3 expressed Mac-1, c-kit, and c-Fms. These cells, called hCFU-GMs, also expressed the IL-27 receptor, an IL-27Rα (WSX-1)/gp130 heterodimer. Cultivation in hM-CSF and human receptor activator of NF-κB ligand induced the differentiation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells (osteoclasts) from hCFU-GMs, and hIL-27 inhibited this osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. hIL-27 also repressed bone resorption by osteoclasts on a dentine slice. hIL-27 caused a remarkable increase in STAT1 phosphorylation and enhanced the STAT1 protein level. It also inhibited the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced c-Fos and cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 NFAT (NFATc1), which are indispensable transcription factors for osteoclastogenesis. Fludarabine, a STAT1 inhibitor, and STAT1 small interfering RNA partially rescued the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by IL-27. A WSX-1 deficiency caused severe inflammatory bone destruction primed by Escherichia coli cell wall lysate in vivo. Therefore, hIL-27 may act as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in human bone destruction, by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis from hCFU-GMs via STAT1-dependent down-regulation of the transcription factor c-Fos. Our results suggest that hIL-27 may prove useful as a therapeutic target for inflammatory bone destruction.
HIV-1 Nef Promotes Endocytosis of Cell Surface MHC Class II Molecules via a Constitutive Pathway
Authors: Chaudhry Ashutosh , Verghese Divya Anna , Das Suman Ranjan , Jameel Shahid , George Anna , Bal Vineeta , Mayor Satyajit , Rath Satyajit 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
HIV-1 Nef has been reported to disrupt MHC class II (MHCII)-mediated Ag presentation by a dual strategy that comprises a reduction in cell surface levels of peptide-loaded mature MHCII molecules and a up-regulation of immature MHCII molecules. We show that Nef achieves relocation of MHCII away from the cell surface in monocytic cells by both delaying its transport to the cell surface and by accelerating endocytic removal of cell surface MHCII to a lysosomal compartment. Nef-induced MHCII endocytosis is cholesterol-sensitive but clathrin- and dynamin-independent. Internalized MHCII molecules traverse the early endosomal system and colocalize with pinocytic cargo before reaching lysosomes. Nef-triggered MHCII endocytosis requires Rab5 activity and lyst function, whereas lysosomal trafficking of internalized MHCII molecules requires Rab7 activity. We further show that a similar pathway can remove peptide-MHCII complexes from the surface of monocytic cells not expressing Nef. Our data suggest that Nef uses mechanisms involved in normal MHCII recycling and turnover to mediate the delivery of cell surface MHCII to a lysosomal destination. Thus, Nef-mediated endocytosis of MHCII provides a novel perspective on the regulation of normal MHCII trafficking.
Radical and Electron Recycling in Catalysis
Authors: Buckel Wolfgang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn increasing number of enzymes are being discovered that contain radicals or catalyze reactions via radical intermediates. These radical enzymes are able to open reaction pathways that two‐electron steps cannot achieve. Recently, organic chemists started to apply related radical chemistry for synthetic purposes, whereby an electron energized by light is recycled in every turnover. This Minireview compares this new type of reaction with enzymes that use recycling radicals and single electrons as cofactors.
Polymeric foam via polymerized high internal phase emulsion filled with organo‐modified bentonite
Authors: Pakeyangkoon Pornsri , Magaraphan Rathanawan , Malakul Pomthong , Nithitanakul Manit 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPolymerized high internal phase emulsion of poly(divinylbenzene), poly(DVB)polyHIPE filled with porous clay has been successfully prepared. The hybrid organic–inorganic porous clay heterostructures (HPCH) were obtained from a reaction of organo‐modified bentonite, surfactant, and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)/methyltetraethoxysilane (MTS) occurring in the galleries of the clay mineral. HPCH loadings of 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt % were added to the highly porous material, formed by the high internal phase emulsion technique (HIPE). The effects of the inorganic filler on surface area, morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied by N2 adsorption–desorption (Autosorb I), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a Lloyd universal testing machine, respectively. Results showed that the presence of layered silicate in the polymer matrix resulted in the enhancement of physical properties of the foams filled with hybrid organic–inorganic porous clay heterostructures (HPCH). Mechanical properties, including compressive stress and Young's modulus, were found to be improved by up to 84% and 137%, respectively, when compared with neat poly(DVB)polyHIPE foams. The best mechanical properties of the obtained material were achieved at 5 wt % loading of HPCH. The use of HPCH as the reinforcing agent of poly(DVB)polyHIPE was also capable of improving the surface area of the obtained materials by 35–97%. It was clearly demonstrated in this study that the suitable content of HPCH, i.e., 5 wt %, has an effect on improving the mechanical properties and surface area of the poly(DVB)polyHIPE foams. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Ladder π‐Conjugated Materials Containing Main‐Group Elements
Authors: Fukazawa Aiko , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLadder π‐conjugated compounds, which have fully ring‐fused polycyclic skeletons, are an important class of materials possessing significant potentials for application in organic electronics. The incorporation of main‐group elements, such as B, Si, P, S, and Se, into the ladder skeletons as bridging moieties is a powerful strategy to endow unusual electronic structures as well as suitable molecular arrangements in the solid state, giving rise to attractive photophysical and electronic properties. Recent efforts have produced a number of fascinating ladder materials, some of which indeed showed high performance as light‐emitting materials and charge carrier transporting materials. This Focus Review is an overview of the progress in this chemistry, focusing on several important π‐conjugated skeletons.
Purification of hemoglobin by tangential flow filtration with diafiltration
Authors: Elmer Jacob , Harris David R. , Sun Guoyong , Palmer Andre F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA recent study by Palmer, Sun, and Harris (Biotechnol. Prog., 25:189–199, 2009) demonstrated that tangential flow filtration (TFF) can be used to produce HPLC‐grade bovine and human hemoglobin (Hb). In this current study, we assessed the quality of bovine Hb (bHb) purified by introducing a 10 L batch‐mode diafiltration step to the previously mentioned TFF Hb purification process. The bHb was purified from bovine red blood cells (RBCs) by filtering clarified RBC lysate through 50 nm (stage I) and 500 kDa (stage II) hollow fiber (HF) membranes. The filtrate was then passed through a 100 kDa (stage III) HF membrane with or without an additional 10 L diafiltration step to potentially remove additional small molecular weight impurities. Protein assays, SDS‐PAGE, and LC‐MS of the purified bHb (stage III retentate) reveal that addition of a diafiltration step has no effect on bHb purity or yield; however, it does increase the methemoglobin level and oxygen affinity of purified bHb. Therefore, we conclude that no additional benefit is gained from diafiltration at stage III and a three stage TFF process is sufficient to produce HPLC‐grade bHb. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Adaptive haptic rendering for time‐varying haptic and video frame rates in multi‐modal interactions
Authors: Hwang Sun‐Uk , Lee Beom‐Chan , Ryu Jeha , Lee Kwan H. , Lee Yong‐Gu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn multi‐modal interactions including haptics, problems such as input sensor noise, temporal mismatch between graphics and haptics, and non‐constant refresh rates may cause non‐smooth force/torque display. This paper proposes temporal smoothing technique for haptic interaction using a sensing glove in multi‐modal applications. The proposed technique employs two processes: (1) a noise reduction method is applied to reduce jitter noise at the sensors in the sensing glove and (2) an adaptive force extrapolation is applied for time‐varying haptic and video frame rates. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, we developed a test platform to assess a simple box model and relatively complex models such as gamephone, portable media player (PMP). It was subsequently demonstrated that the proposed method can support smooth haptic interactions in multi‐modal applications where a haptic device and a sensing glove are used. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endangered Medicinal Species of the Indian Ocean: Radical Need for Conservation
Authors: Pandey Pt. Kartikay 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLife originated in the Oceans, which are also the most fertile source of chemically distinctive natural products that are mainly accumulated in living organisms. Several of these compounds show pharmacological activities, and are helpful for the invention and discovery of bioactive compounds, primarily for several fatal diseases. The Indian Ocean is home to several exotic species of flora and fauna. Several environmental and man‐made factors are responsible for deterioration of several precious biodiversity areas of the Ocean. The author, while highlighting the medicinal importance of these organisms, underlines the need for comprehensive conservatory measures on the part of the international community to be taken in order to maintain the rich Oceanic biodiversity.
Volatile Compounds in Fruits of Peucedanum cervaria (Lap.) L.
Authors: Skalicka‐Wozniak Krystyna , Los Renata , Glowniak Kazimierz , Malm Anna 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe volatile compounds from Peucedanum cervaria (Lap.) L. were obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction techniques (HS‐SPME), and then analyzed by GC/MS methods. The composition of samples from a botanical garden was compared with plants collected in the wild. The main compounds of the essential oils of P. cervaria were identified as α‐pinene, sabinene, and β‐pinene (more than 80% of oil). The content of β‐myrcene, limonene+β‐phellandrene, and germacrene D was higher than 1%. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated by the agar dilution method against ten reference strains of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Oleanane‐Type Triterpenoids from the Stem Bark of Betula ermanii
Authors: Yamaguchi Chiharu , In Yasuko , Wada Shun‐ichi , Yamada Takeshi , Tokuda Harukuni , Tanaka Reiko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn search for cancer chemopreventive agents from natural sources, three oleanane‐ and four known lupane‐type triterpenoids, and sitosterol from the stem bark of Betula ermanii were tested for their inhibitory effects on Epstein–Barr virus early antigen (EBV‐EA) activation induced by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA). Among them, 3β‐acetoxy‐12α‐hydroxyoleanan‐13β,28‐olide (1) and 3β‐acetoxy‐11α,12α‐epoxyoleanan‐13β,28‐olide (2) were investigated for the inhibitory effect in a two‐stage carcinogenesis test on mouse skin using 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter. 3β‐Acetoxy‐11α,12α‐epoxyoleanan‐13β,28‐olide (2) was found to exhibit the potent antitumor promoting activity in the in vivo carcinogenesis test.
Surface Chemical Composition of Diatoms
Authors: Tesson Benoit , Genet Michel J. , Fernandez Vincent , Degand Simon , Rouxhet Paul G. , Martin‐Jézéquel Véronique 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAmong diatoms, Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a peculiar species that exists in three morphotypes with distinct cell wall structures and low silica content. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed on P. tricornutum and compared with diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana; the results provide new information on the chemical composition (elements, chemical functions, classes of biochemical compounds) of the cell surface. Two types of silicon were found: condensed silica (SiO2) and weakly polymerised silicate. Cells of T. pseudonana showed the highest concentration of silicon, with a majority in the form of condensed silica. For the fusiform and triradiate morphotypes of P. tricornutum, the majority of the small concentration of silica found was in the form of weakly polymerised silicate. For all morphotypes of P. tricornutum, higher polysaccharide concentrations replaced silica as a structural part of the cell wall. In both diatoms, a high concentration of lipids was measured, in the form of carboxylic esters. Protonated nitrogen and phosphate were found in correlated amounts and attributed not only to phospholipids but also to phosphoproteins. Chloride ions characterised by a high electron density might be associated to these moieties. Sulfate groups were also detected, principally in P. tricornutum, and attributed to monoesters of polysaccharides.
NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of the Adenine‐Dependent Hairpin Ribozyme
Authors: Buck Janina , Li Yan‐Li , Richter Christian , Vergne Jacques , Maurel Marie‐Christine , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTime‐resolved NMR spectroscopy was applied to study ribozyme‐mediated RNA catalysis in a mutant of the hairpin ribozyme, the adenine‐dependent hairpin ribozyme (ADHR; M. Meli, et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 9835–9842) with atomic resolution. The mutant ADHR was designed to investigate the role of cofactors in RNA catalytic mechanisms in order to understand cellular processes that could have been present in the archaic “RNA world” and of their evolution towards functional RNAs in modern cellular processes, as for example, found in the glmS ribozyme. Conformational changes due to RNA cleavage were analyzed following spectral changes of the NMR imino proton resonances that could be assigned both for the pre‐ and postcleaved conformation for this 80‐nucleotide long RNA. 31P NMR spectroscopic studies allowed us to confirm the formation of a cyclic phosphodiester as a result of the cleavage process. For ADHR, both metal ions and the cofactor adenine are essential for self‐cleaving activity. The interaction of the ribozyme with the cofactor adenine is found to be transient and too weak to significantly change the RNA structure or to modulate the spectroscopic characteristics of the cofactor. ADHR therefore represents a ribozyme in which high activation barriers have to be overcome to populate cleavage‐competent states that exhibit short life times. We show that conformational dynamics, but not the chemistry, constitute the rate‐limiting step in catalysis of the adenine‐dependent hairpin ribozyme.