bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic basis of potential therapeutic strategies for craniosynostosis
Authors: Melville Heather , Wang Yingli , Taub Peter J. , Jabs Ethylin Wang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCraniosynostosis, the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, is a common malformation of the skull that can result in facial deformity and increased intracranial pressure. Syndromic craniosynostosis is present in ∼15% of craniosynostosis patients and often is clinically diagnosed by neurocranial phenotype as well as various other skeletal abnormalities. The most common genetic mutations identified in syndromic craniosynostosis involve the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family with other mutations occurring in genes for transcription factors TWIST, MSX2, and GLI3, and other proteins EFNB1, RAB23, RECQL4, and POR, presumed to be involved either upstream or downstream of the FGFR signaling pathway. Both syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients require early diagnosis and intervention. The premature suture fusion can impose pressure on the growing brain and cause continued abnormal postnatal craniofacial development. Currently, treatment options for craniosynostosis are almost exclusively surgical. Serious complications can occur in infants requiring either open or endoscopic repair and therefore the development of nonsurgical techniques is highly desirable although arguably difficult to design and implement. Genetic studies of aberrant signaling caused by mutations underlying craniosynostosis in in vitro calvarial culture and in vivo animal model systems have provided promising targets in designing genetic and pharmacologic strategies for systemic or adjuvant nonsurgical treatment. Here we will review the current literature and provide insights to future possibilities and limitations of therapeutic applications. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology of the Lumbar Transversospinal Muscles Examined in a Mouse Bearing a Muscle Fiber‐Specific Nuclear Marker
Authors: Cornwall Jon , Deries Marianne , Duxson Marilyn 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlthough the morphology of human lumbar transversospinal (TSP) muscles has been studied, little is known about the structure of these muscles in the mouse (Mus musculus). Such information is relevant given mice are often used as a “normal” phenotype for studies modeling human development. This study describes the gross morphology, muscle fiber arrangement, and innervation pattern of the mouse lumbar TSP muscles. A unique feature of the study is the use of a transgenic mouse line bearing a muscle‐specific nuclear marker that allows clear delineation of muscle fiber and connective tissue boundaries. The lumbar TSP muscles of five mice were examined bilaterally; at each spinal level muscles attached to the caudal edge of the spinous process and passed caudally as a single complex unit. Fibers progressively terminated over the four vertebral segments caudad, with multiple points of muscle fiber attachment on each vertebra. Motor endplates, defined with acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, were consistently located half way along each muscle fiber, regardless of length, with all muscle fibers arranged in‐parallel rather than in‐series. These results provide information relevant to interpretation of developmental and functional studies involving this muscle group in the mouse and show mouse lumbar TSP muscles are different in form to descriptions of equivalent muscles in humans and horses. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proximal Testicular Ducts of the Mediterranean Gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus)
Authors: Rheubert Justin L. , Sever David M. , Geheber Aaron D. , Siegel Dustin S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe efferent ducts of the Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus (Gekkonidae) were investigated using light and electron microscopy. The seminiferous tubules unite into a single rete testis tubule. The rete testis divides into 3–4 ductuli efferentes which all drain into the cranial portion of the ductus epididymis. All efferent ducts are most active during the months of December to August. The rete testis is composed of a simple squamous epithelium with bifurcated nuclei and a labyrinthine network of intercellular canaliculi. Ciliated and nonciliated cells are present, and more than one cilium extends from the scattered ciliated cells. The presence of small clear vesicles and widened intercellular canaliculi suggest that cells of the rete testis are responsible for intake of luminal fluids. The ductuli efferentes are composed of a simple cuboidal epithelium consisting of ciliated and nonciliated cells, and ciliated cells are the dominant cell type. During the inactive season the number of lysosomes increases and the cells become spermiophagic. The ductus epididymis is composed of a tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium with relatively scarce basal cells. No evidence for regionalization was observed. The ductus epididymis is highly secretory during the active season with numerous electron‐dense secretory granules, whose glycoprotein products are released by merocrine secretion. Basally, the active epididymis has swollen intercellular canaliculi and enlarged cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. During the inactive season the secretory activity decreases and membranous structures and fibrous material are observed within widened intercellular canaliculi apical to the basal cells. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of the Gly139His, Gly143His, and Ser142His Mouse Heme Oxygenase‐1 Mutants on the HO Reaction In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Zhou Lingyun , Liu Ying , Zou Chaoxia , Ma Ning , Hui Yang , Lv Guixiang , Zhang Hongyu , Zhou Hong , Gao Xu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), which catalyzes the degradation of heme to iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin, performs a cytoprotective function. Previous studies on the crystal structure of the human and rat HO‐1 in complex with heme showed that Gly139His (G139H) and Gly143His (G143H) mutants have no HO activity. In the present study, we reported the effect of the G139H, G143H, and Ser142His mutants of mouse HO‐1 on the HO reaction in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, of the mutant transfectants, only Ser142His catalyzed degradation of heme, retaining 31.7% of the wild‐type mouse HO‐1 activity, whereas G139H and G143H mutants exhibited no activity. In vivo, only Tg HO‐1 G143H females presented with anemia, enlarged spleen and tissue iron overload, which was similar to HO‐1−/− mice. The results suggested the critical role of Gly139 and Gly143 in maintaining HO‐1 activity in vitro and the critical role of Gly143 in maintaining HO‐1 activity in vivo. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Influence of Passive Stretch and NF‐κB Inhibitors on the Morphology of Dystrophic Muscle Fibers
Authors: Siegel A.S. , Henley S. , Zimmerman A. , Miles M. , Plummer R. , Kurz J. , Balch F. , Rhodes J.A. , Shinn G.L. , Carlson C.G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe triangularis sterni (TS) is an expiratory muscle that is passively stretched during inspiration. The magnitude of passive stretch depends upon the location of individual fibers within the TS muscle, with fibers located more caudally being stretched ∼ 5% to 10% more than fibers in the cephalad region. In the mdx mouse model for muscular dystrophy, the TS exhibits severe pathological alterations that are ameliorated by treatment with inhibitors of the NF‐κB pathway. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of passive stretch in vivo on fiber morphology in nondystrophic and mdx TS muscles, and the morphological benefits of treating mdx mice with two distinct NF‐κB inhibitors, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Transmission electron microscopy revealed Z‐line streaming, hypercontraction, and disassociation of the plasma membrane from the basal lamina in mdx fibers. In both nondystrophic and mdx TS muscles, fiber density was larger in more caudal regions. In comparison with nondystrophic TS, fibers in the mdx TS exhibited substantial reductions in diameter throughout all regions. In vivo treatment with either PDTC or UDCA tended to increase fiber diameter in the middle and decrease fiber diameter in the caudal TS, while reducing centronucleation in the middle region. These results suggest that passive stretch induces hypercontraction and plasma membrane abnormalities in dystrophic muscle, and that differences in the magnitude of passive stretch may influence fiber morphology and the actions of NF‐κB inhibitors on dystrophic morphology. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volumetric Reconstruction of the Mouse Meibomian Gland Using High‐Resolution Nonlinear Optical Imaging
Authors: Jester Bryan E. , Nien Chyong JY , Winkler Moritz , Brown Donald J. , Jester James V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRecent studies suggest that mouse meibomian glands (MG) undergo age‐related atrophy that mimics changes seen in age‐related human MG dysfunction (MGD). To better understand the structural/functional changes that occur during aging, this study developed an imaging approach to generate quantifiable volumetric reconstructions of the mouse MG and measure total gland, cell, and lipid volume. Mouse eyelids were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in LR White resin and serially sectioned. Sections were then scanned using a 20× objective and a series of tiled images (1.35 × 1.35 × 0.5 mm) with a pixel size of 0.44 μm lateral and 2 μm axial were collected using a Zeiss 510 Meta LSM and a femtosecond laser to simultaneously detect second harmonic generated (SHG) and two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) signals from the tissue sections. The SHG signal from collagen was used to outline and generate an MG mask to create surface renderings of the total gland and extract relevant MG TPEF signals that were later separated into the cellular and lipid compartments. Using this technique, three‐dimensional reconstructions of the mouse MG were obtained and the total, cell, and lipid volume of the MG measured. Volumetric reconstructions of mouse MG showed loss of acini in old mice that were not detected by routine histology. Furthermore, older mouse MG had reduced total gland volume that is primarily associated with loss of the lipid volume. These findings suggest that mice MG undergo “dropout” of acini, similar to that which occurs in human age‐related MGD. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Construction of Heterojunction Nanowires from Polythiophene/Polypyrrole for Applications as Efficient Switches
Authors: Guo Yanbing , Li Yuliang , Li Yongjun , Liu Huibiao , Li Guoxing , Zhao Yingjie , Lin Haowei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe design and fabrication of PTh–PPY heterojunction nanowires that exhibits smart responses to electrochemical redox potentials is described. In their oxidized state, PTh–PPY nanowires act as resistors, whilst in their reduced state, they acts as diodes. Furthermore, the electrical transport mode can be reversibly changed by alternately exposing the nanowires to negative and positive potentials. Constructing full‐organic heterojunction nanowires with smart, controllable properties will contribute to the development of intelligent organic devices and organic–electronic circuits on the nanoscale.
Bis‐Coenzyme Q0: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Application
Authors: Wang Xiuwen , Ma Wei , Ying Yilun , Liang Jie , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA methylene‐bridged bis‐coenzyme Q0, bis(2,3‐dimethoxy‐5‐methyl‐l,4‐benzoquinone)methane (Bis‐CoQ0), that shows intramolecular electronic communications has been synthesized for the first time. By employing electrochemical, in situ UV/Vis, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroelectrochemical techniques, the unstable reduced intermediate species—monoradicals, diamagnetic dianions and tetraanions of Bis‐CoQ0—have been observed. The electron‐transfer process can be defined as a three‐step reduction process with a total of four electrons in solution in CH3CN. The chemical reaction in the third redox step process was confirmed by variable temperature cyclic voltammetry. In an aprotic CH3CN solution, the peak potential separation between electron‐transfer steps diminished sequentially with increasing concentration of water. The hydrogen‐bonding interactions between water and the electrochemically reduced intermediates of Bis‐CoQ0 can be estimated by peak potential shifts. The electronic communications of Bis‐CoQ0 may have been blocked when one reduction peak was observed with proper quantities of water in CH3CN solution. The antioxidant defense capacity of Bis‐CoQ0‐protected cells has also been assessed.
Changes in clinicopathological features and survival after gastrectomy for gastric cancer over a 20-year period
Authors: Ahn H S , Lee H-J , Yoo M-W , Jeong S-H , Park D-J , Kim H-H , Kim W H , Lee K U , Yang H-K 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
The pattern of gastric cancer in the Western world is changing, with an increased proportion of tumours in the upper stomach. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in clinicopathological features and survival of patients with resected gastric cancer at a single institution, in an area of high incidence in the Far East.

Methods
Clinical features and pathological findings were compared in patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy at Seoul National University Hospital during four consecutive periods (1986–1990, 1991–1995, 1996–2000 and 2001–2006).

Results
There were 12 026 patients. The mean age increased from 53·4 years in the first period to 57·4 years in the last (P &lt; 0·001). The proportion of patients aged 70 years or older also increased, reaching 16·1 per cent in the final period. Upper-third cancer increased from 5·3 per cent in the first period to 14·0 per cent in the fourth (P &lt; 0·001). Early gastric cancer (pathological T1) increased continuously over the four time intervals, from 24·8 to 48·9 per cent (P &lt; 0·001). The overall 5-year survival rate increased from 64·0 per cent in the first period to 73·2 per cent at the end (P &lt; 0·001), and this survival improvement was apparent in patients aged 40 years or more.

Conclusion
The mean age of patients with gastric cancer has increased during the past 20 years. The proportion of early gastric cancer and overall survival have gradually increased, especially in patients aged over 40 years.
Detection of cervical metastatic lymph nodes in papillary thyroid carcinoma by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Y , Xu Y , Liu Y , Zhang Y , Wang D , Xiu D , Xu Z , Zhou X , Wu J , Ling X 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
A previous study demonstrated that Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can distinguish thyroid cancer from benign thyroid lesions. The aim of this study was to explore the use of FTIR for identifying metastatic lymph nodes of papillary thyroid cancer in vitro, and distinguishing between metastatic and non-metastatic tissue.

Methods
Some 184 freshly removed cervical lymph nodes were obtained from 22 patients with papillary thyroid cancer undergoing thyroid surgery with lymph node dissection. Samples were measured by FTIR spectroscopy before being processed for histopathological diagnosis. The FTIR spectrum of each sample identified 13 bands from 1000 to 4000 cm−1. The peak position, intensity and full width at half maximum of each absorbent band were measured, and the relative intensity ratios were calculated. The FTIR spectra of metastatic lymph nodes were compared with those of non-metastatic nodes, and a linear discriminant analysis was performed based on these data.

Results
Histopathological examination confirmed 61 metastatic and 123 non-metastatic lymph nodes. The FTIR parameters of metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes differed owing to the content or configuration alterations of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. The sensitivity for FTIR in diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes was 80·3 per cent, the specificity was 91·9 per cent and the accuracy was 88·0 per cent.

Conclusion
FTIR spectroscopy is a novel technique for detection of metastatic lymph nodes and may prove useful in surgery for papillary thyroid cancer.
Comparison of three separate antiadhesive barriers for intraperitoneal onlay mesh hernia repair in an experimental model
Authors: Gruber-Blum S , Petter-Puchner A H , Brand J , Fortelny R H , Walder N , Oehlinger W , Koenig F , Redl H 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Adhesion formation is a common adverse effect in intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) surgery. Different methods of adhesion prevention have been developed, including coated meshes and separate antiadhesive barriers (SABs). In this study one type of mesh was tested with different SABs, which were fixed to the sutured mesh using fibrin sealant. The primary aim was to compare adhesion prevention between different SABs. Secondary aims were the assessment of tissue integration and evaluation of SAB fixation with fibrin sealant.

Methods
Thirty-two rats were randomized to one of three treatment groups (SurgiWrap®, Prevadh® and Seprafilm®) or a control group (no SAB). Animals were operated on with an open IPOM technique (8 per group). One macroporous polypropylene mesh per animal (2 × 2 cm) was fixed with four non-absorbable sutures. An antiadhesive barrier of 2·5 × 2·5 cm was fixed with fibrin sealant. After 30 days, adhesion formation, tissue integration, seroma formation, inflammation and vascularization were evaluated macroscopically and by histology.

Results
Prevadh® and Seprafilm® groups showed a significant reduction in adhesion formation compared with the control group. Tissue integration of the mesh was reduced in these groups. Fibrin sealant fixed the SAB to the mesh securely in all groups.

Conclusion
Prevadh® and Seprafilm® are potent materials for the reduction of adhesion formation. A potential relationship between effective adhesion prevention and impaired tissue integration of the implant was observed. Fibrin sealant proved an excellent agent for SAB fixation.
Comparing the Enantioselective Power of Steric and Electrostatic Effects in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Poater Albert , Ragone Francesco , Mariz Ronaldo , Dorta Reto , Cavallo Luigi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe current approach to improve and tune the enantioselective performances of transition‐metal catalysts for asymmetric synthesis is mostly focused to modifications of the steric properties of the ancillary ligands of the active metal. Nevertheless, it is also known that electrostatic effects can have a remarkable role to promote selectivity in asymmetric synthesis. Using the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition of phenylboronic acid to 2‐cyclohexenone leading to chiral 3‐phenylcyclohexanone as an example, we could show that high enantioselectivity can be indeed achieved using catalysts essentially based either on steric or electrostatic effects as the main source of enantioselective induction. In this contribution we suggest that the analysis of the surface of interaction between the catalyst and the substrate could be a useful tool to quantify the power of steric and electrostatic effects of catalysts.
Investigation of Excess‐Electron Transfer in DNA Double‐Duplex Systems Allows Estimation of Absolute Excess‐Electron Transfer and CPD Cleavage Rates
Authors: Fazio Danila , Trindler Christian , Heil Korbinian , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Carell Thomas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo investigate the parameters and rates that determine excess‐electron transfer processes in DNA duplexes, we developed a DNA double‐duplex system containing a reduced and deprotonated flavin donor at the junction of two duplexes with either the same or different electron acceptors in the individual duplex substructures. This model system allows us to bring the two electron acceptors in the duplex substructures into direct competition for injected electrons and this enables us to decipher how the kind of acceptor influences the transfer data. Measurements with the electron acceptors 8‐bromo‐dA (BrdA), 8‐bromo‐dG (BrdG), 5‐bromo‐dU (BrdU), and a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, which is a UV‐induced DNA lesion, allowed us to obtain directly the maximum overall reaction rates of these acceptors and especially of the TT dimer with the injected electrons in the duplex. In line with previous observations, we detected that the overall dimer cleavage rate is about one order of magnitude slower than the debromination of BrdU. Furthermore, we present a more detailed explanation of why sequence dependence cannot be observed when a TT dimer is used as the acceptor and we estimate the absolute excess‐electron hopping rates.
A Study on the Pollution and Water Quality Modeling of the River Buyuk Menderes, Turkey
Authors: Koç Cengiz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effects of existing and planned facilities on the water quality, and to propose some measures for the protection and improvement of water quality in the basin. For this purpose, the water quality was monitored on the river itself during the last 2 years 2008–2009. After the evaluation of the data collected by using computerized methods, water quality map was prepared, and the MODQUAL mathematical model was applied to the basin to determine the probable effects of different scenarios on the water quality of the river. The simulated water quality variables were: NH3–N, NO3–N, NO2–N, BOD5, DO, o‐PO4, and COD. At the end of the study, it was determined that water quality of Büyük Menderes river and its effluent presents generally polluted water quality in terms of various observed parameter groups. Values obtained by modeling in irrigation season are presented comparatively with analytically measured values. Analytical and modeling results of six of those parameters – except NO3–N – presented regular consistency. In winter season, a general consistency was provided in modeling of all parameters. It was purposed that the waste water originated from domestic and industrial activities should be treated before discharging them to the water bodies, and amount of fertilizer and pesticides used in agriculture should be under strict control throughout the basin in order to protect the water quality and prevent pollution of the water resources.