bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient preoperative expectations of total hip replacement in European orthopedic centers
Authors: Hobbs Nicola , Dixon Diane , Rasmussen Susan , Judge Andy , Dreinhöfer Karsten E. , Günther Klaus‐Peter , Dieppe Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivePatient expectations have been identified as a factor that may account for individual differences in recovery after total hip replacement (THR) surgery. However, patient expectations have not been studied within a valid theoretical framework. This study employed the World Health Organization's model of health, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), to classify the content of preoperative patient expectations of THR.MethodsA European cohort of 1,108 patients preoperatively reported 2 types of expectations. Patients reported what they anticipated surgery would enable them to do that they needed to be able to do (“need” expectation), and what they would like to be able to do (“desire” expectation) in a year's time. Free‐text responses were independently classified by 2 researchers to 1 or more of the ICF constructs of impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction.ResultsInterrater reliability was high (κ = ≥0.87). All patient expectations were classified to the ICF constructs. Less than 5% of patient expectations were identified as impairment, 58% of “need” expectations were identified as activity limitations, and 45% of “desire” expectations were identified as activity limitations and participation restrictions combined.ConclusionThe ICF is a suitable theoretical framework to study patient expectations of THR. THR targets impairment; however, few patient expectations were classified to the ICF definition of impairment. The majority of patient expectations were classified as activity limitation or a combination of activity limitation and participation restriction. Therefore, patient expectations of surgery focus on recovering valued activities rather than reversal of bodily impairments.
Association of lower muscle strength with self‐reported knee instability in osteoarthritis of the knee: Results from the Amsterdam Osteoarthritis Cohort
Authors: Knoop Jesper , van der Leeden Marike , van der Esch Martin , Thorstensson Carina A. , Gerritsen Martijn , Voorneman Ramon E. , Lems Willem F. , Roorda Leo D. , Dekker Joost , Steultjens Martijn P. M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether muscle strength, proprioceptive accuracy, and laxity are associated with self‐reported knee instability in a large cohort of knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and to investigate whether muscle strength may compensate for impairment in proprioceptive accuracy or laxity, in order to maintain knee stability.MethodsData from 283 knee OA patients from the Amsterdam Osteoarthritis cohort were used. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between muscle strength, proprioceptive accuracy (motion sense), frontal plane varus–valgus laxity, and self‐reported knee instability. Additionally, effect modification between muscle strength and proprioceptive accuracy and between muscle strength and laxity was determined.ResultsSelf‐reported knee instability was present in 67% of the knee OA patients and mainly occurred during walking. Lower muscle strength was significantly associated with the presence of self‐reported knee instability, even after adjusting for relevant confounding. Impaired proprioceptive accuracy and high laxity were not associated with self‐reported knee instability. No effect modification between muscle strength and proprioceptive accuracy or laxity was found.ConclusionLower muscle strength is strongly associated with self‐reported knee instability in knee OA patients, while impairments in proprioceptive accuracy and laxity are not. A compensatory role of muscle strength for impaired proprioceptive accuracy or high laxity, in order to stabilize the knee, could not be demonstrated.
Influence of age and sex on functional outcome over time in a cohort of patients with recent‐onset inflammatory polyarthritis: Results from the Norfolk arthritis register
Authors: Camacho Elizabeth M. , Verstappen Suzanne M. M. , Lunt Mark , Bunn Diane K. , Symmons Deborah P. M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveIt has been found that women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a poorer prognosis than men. However, the impact of age at symptom onset is unclear. We investigated the relationship between these factors and functional disability in patients with recent‐onset inflammatory polyarthritis (IP).MethodsA total of 3,666 patients (66% women) were registered with the Norfolk Arthritis Register between 1990 and 2008. Functional disability was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), adjusted for age at HAQ completion. Linear random‐effects models were used to examine HAQ score over time, by sex and age at symptom onset (early = age <55 years, late = age 55–74 years, very late = age ≥75 years).ResultsWomen had higher HAQ scores over time than men (mean difference 0.29; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.25, 0.34). Men with late‐onset IP had lower baseline HAQ scores than men with early onset (mean difference −0.14; 95% CI −0.29, −0.001). Women had comparable baseline HAQ scores at all ages of onset. Both sexes showed the greatest rate of disability progression in patients with very late onset. Those with early onset had a steady level of disability over time. Adjustment for treatment received, comorbidities, and RA subgroup analysis produced results that were largely similar to the initial analysis.ConclusionFemale patients have higher HAQ scores than male patients; patients with early symptom onset show the smallest sex difference. Older age at symptom onset is associated with an increasingly steep trajectory of disability progression. The impact of sex on outcome is evident at baseline, whereas the impact of age at symptom onset becomes apparent during long‐term followup.
The Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Mechanical Strength of Magnesium Based Implant Materials
Authors: Seitz Jan‐Marten , Collier Kelly , Wulf Eric , Bormann Dirk , Angrisani Nina , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea , Bach Friedrich‐Wilhelm 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe research on the development and characterization of potential magnesium biomaterials is a steadily expanding. Commonly, implants present a high risk of infection for their recipients. For this reason, a pre‐operative sterilizing process is required. Due to the temperatures and media which are used while sterilizing, effects may occur which cause a change in the mechanical strength of certain magnesium alloys. Four commonly used sterilization methods (autoclave sterilization, dry heat sterilization, gamma sterilization and ethylene oxide sterilization) were investigated to gain information about their influences on the quasi‐static mechanical behavior of LAE442 (Mg 90 m.%, Li 4 m.%, Al 4 m.%, RE 2 m.%), MgCa0.8 (Mg 99.2 m.%, Ca 0.8 m.%) magnesium alloys as well as pure magnesium. The mechanical properties exhibited by the sterilized and non‐sterilized alloys refer to susceptibilities of the mechanical strengths to the investigated sterilization methods. Such susceptibilities appear to be dependent on the combination of alloy and method of sterilization. However, the maximum changes in mechanical strength appear in the range of ±10%. Within this study, ETO sterilization caused the least changes in the mechanical strength of the alloys and appears to be the best performer.
Br‐Doped Li4Ti5O12 and Composite TiO2 Anodes for Li‐ion Batteries: Synchrotron X‐Ray and in situ Neutron Diffraction Studies
Authors: Du Guodong , Sharma Neeraj , Peterson Vanessa K. , Kimpton Justin A. , Jia Dianzeng , Guo Zaiping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSynchrotron X‐ray diffraction data were used to determine the phase purity and re‐evaluate the crystal‐structure of Li4Ti5O12‐xBrx electrode materials (where the synthetic chemical inputs are x = 0.05, 0.10 0.20, 0.30). A maximum of x′ = 0.12 Br, where x′ is the Rietveld‐refined value, can be substituted into the crystal structure with at least 2% rutile TiO2 forming as a second phase. Higher Br concentrations induced the formation of a third, presumably Br‐rich, phase. These materials function as composite anodes that contain mixtures of TiO2, Li4Ti5O12‐xBrx, and a Br‐rich third, unknown, phase. The minor quantities of the secondary phases in combination with Li4Ti5O12‐xBrx where x′ ∼ 0.1 were found to correspond to the optimum in electrochemical properties, while larger quantities of the secondary phases contributed to the degradation of the performance. In situ neutron diffraction of a composite anatase TiO2/Li4Ti5O12 anode within a custom‐built battery was used to determine the electrochemical function of the TiO2 component. The Li4Ti5O12 component was found to be electrochemically active at lower voltages (1.5 V) relative to TiO2 (1.7 V). This enabled Li insertion/extraction to be tuned through the choice of voltage range in both components of this composite or in the anatase TiO2 phase only. The use of composite materials may facilitate the development of multi‐component electrodes where different active materials can be cycled in order to tune power output.
New Solution‐Processable Electron Transport Materials for Highly Efficient Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Ahmed Eilaf , Earmme Taeshik , Jenekhe Samson A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSeveral new solution‐processable organic semiconductors based on dendritic oligoquinolines were synthesized and were used as electron‐transport and hole‐blocking materials to realize highly efficient blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Various substitutions on the quinoline rings while keeping the central meta‐linked tris(quinolin‐2‐yl)benzene gave electron transport materials that combined wide energy gap (>3.3 eV), moderate electron affinity (2.55‐2.8 eV), and deep HOMO energy level (<‐6.08 eV) with electron mobility as high as 3.3 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. Polymer‐based PhOLEDs with iridium (III) bis(4,6‐(di‐fluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N,C2′)picolinate (FIrpic) blue triplet emitter and solution‐processed oligoquinolines as the electron‐transport layers (ETLs) gave luminous efficiency of 30.5 cd A−1 at a brightness of 4130 cd m−2 with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.0%. Blue PhOLEDs incorporating solution‐deposited ETLs were over two‐fold more efficient than those containing vacuum‐deposited ETLs. Atomic force microscopy imaging shows that the solution‐deposited oligoquinoline ETLs formed vertically oriented nanopillars and rough surfaces that enable good ETL/cathode contacts, eliminating the need for cathode interfacial materials (LiF, CsF). These solution‐processed blue PhOLEDs have the highest performance observed to date in polymer‐based blue PhOLEDs.
Fracture of Sub‐20nm Ultrathin Gold Nanowires
Authors: Lu Yang , Song Jun , Huang Jian Yu , Lou Jun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFracture of metals at the nanoscale and corresponding failure mechanisms have recently attracted considerable interest. However, quantitative in situ fracture experiments of nanoscale metals are rarely reported. Here it is shown that, under uni‐axial tensile loading, single crystalline ultrathin gold nanowires may fracture in two modes, displaying distinctively different fracture morphologies and ductility. In situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies suggest that the unexpected brittle‐like fracture was closely related to the observed twin structures, which is very different from surface dislocation nucleation/propagation mediated mechanism in ductile fracture mode. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further reveal the processes of shear‐induced twin formation and damage initiation at the twin structure/free surface interface, confirming the experimentally observed differences in fracture morphology and ductility. Finally, a fracture criterion based on competition between twin formation and surface dislocation nucleation/propagation as a function of misalignment angle is discussed.
Crystallization and Microstructure of Yttria‐Stabilized‐Zirconia Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Scherrer Barbara , Heiroth Sebastian , Hafner Regina , Martynczuk Julia , Bieberle‐Hütter Anja , Rupp Jennifer L. M. , Gauckler Ludwig J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe crystallization and microstuctural evolution upon thermal treatment of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ, Zr0.85Y0.15O1‐δ) thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis at 370 °C are investigated. The as‐deposited YSZ films are mainly amorphous with a few crystallites of 3 nm in diameter and crystallize in the temperature range from 400 °C to 900 °C. Fully crystalline YSZ thin films are obtained after heating to 900 °C or by isothermal dwells for at least 17 h at a temperature as low as 600 °C. Three exothermic heat releasing processes with activation energies are assigned to the crystallization and the oxidation of residuals from the precursor. Microporosity develops during crystallization and mass loss. During crystallization the microstrain decreases from 4% to less than 1%. Simultaneously, the average grain size increases from 3 nm to 10 nm. The tetragonal phase content of the YSZ thin film increases with increasing temperature and isothermal dwell time. Based on these data, gentle processing conditions can be designed for zirconia based thin films, which meet the requirements for Si‐based microfabrication of miniaturized electrochemical devices such as micro‐solid oxide fuel cells or sensors.
Biocatalytic Oxidative CC Bond Formation Catalysed by the Berberine Bridge Enzyme: Optimal Reaction Conditions
Authors: Resch Verena , Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Wallner Silvia , Macheroux Peter , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBerberine bridge enzyme (BBE) catalyses the oxidative formation of an intramolecular CC bond using (S)‐reticuline as the natural substrate to form (S)‐scoulerine as the product. To allow application of the enzyme on a preparative scale for the synthesis of novel optically pure berbine and isoquinoline derivatives, an organic solvent is required to solubilise the barely soluble substrates. It was shown that BBE tolerates a broad variety of organic co‐solvents. Ideally the enzymatic enantioselective oxidative CC bond formation can be performed in 70% v v−1 toluene concentration, which allowed a soluble substrate concentration of at least 20 g L−1. In addition, the enzyme works in a broad operational window concerning pH and temperature. High conversions can be reached between pH 8 and 11 and from 30 to 50 °C, respectively. The enantioselective oxidative CC bond formation was demonstrated on a preparative scale (500 mg) in a kinetic resolution leading to optically pure products (>97% ee).
Cycloalkenyl Halide Substitution Reactions of Enantiopure Arene cis‐Tetrahydrodiols with Boron, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nucleophiles
Authors: Boyd D. R. , Sharma N. D. , Kaik M. , Bell M. , Berberian M. V. , McIntyre P. B. A. , Kelly B. , Hardacre C. , Stevenson P. J. , Allen C. C. R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEnantiopure arene cis‐tetrahydrodiols of bromobenzene and iodobenzene have been obtained in good yields, from chemoselective hydrogenation (rhodium‐graphite) of the corresponding cis‐dihydrodiol metabolites. Palladium‐catalysed substitution of the halogen, by hydrogen, boron, nitrogen and phosphorus nucleophiles, in the acetonide derivatives, has yielded highly functionalised products for application in synthesis with potential as scaffolds for chiral ligands.
A case–control study of asphalt and tar exposure and lung cancer in minorities
Authors: McClean Michael D. , Kelsey Karl T. , Sison Jennette D. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Wrensch Margaret R. , Wiencke John K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesConsiderable controversy surrounds the carcinogenic potential of asphalt and tar. Since minority individuals may have had relatively high historical exposures, we investigated asphalt and tar exposure and lung cancer risk among African Americans and Latino Americans.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study of lung cancer among African Americans and Latino Americans in the San Francisco Bay area (422 cases, 894 controls). A questionnaire was used to obtain detailed work histories and exposure information. Self‐reported exposure to asphalt and tar as well as other factors (e.g., smoking, automobile exhaust, and asbestos) were evaluated as predictors of lung cancer risk. Potential effect modification by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 was also explored.ResultsSelf‐reported duration of exposure to asphalt and tar was associated with a statistically significant excess risk of lung cancer in the overall population (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22), evaluating risk per year of exposure. Years of exposure to automobile exhaust (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.05) and asbestos (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.06) were also associated with statistically significant elevations in risk. In Latino Americans, the lung cancer risks associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐related exposures were consistently higher in the CYP1A1 wild‐type subjects as compared to the variant genotype subjects, and the interaction was statistically significant for smoking and the CYP1A1 M2 polymorphism (P‐valueinteraction = 0.02).ConclusionsThese data are consistent with the literature suggesting that exposure to asphalt and tar may increase risk of lung cancer. However, it was not possible to separate the effects and asphalt and tar in this study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:811–818, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New evidence on the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution of the Uto‐Aztecan premolar
Authors: Johnson Kent M. , Stojanowski Christopher M. , Miyar Kathryn O'D. , Doran Glen H. , Ricklis Robert A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUto‐Aztecan premolar (UAP) is a rare morphological feature of the maxillary first premolar that occurs in Native American populations with frequencies ranging 0–16.7%. A recent summary of UAP by Delgado‐Burbano et al. (2010) suggests the trait evolved around 4,000 BP in the American Southwest where the earliest cases occur and where the trait exists at the highest frequencies among contemporary populations. In this article, we present new data on UAP prevalence from an Archaic North American sample from Buckeye Knoll, Texas (circa 7,500–6,200 cal BP). Buckeye Knoll preserves a single case of UAP, and a sample frequency of 3.6%. In addition, we confirm the presence of UAP in other eastern North American Archaic skeletal samples from the Windover and Harris Creek at Tick Island sites in Florida. We also review the dental morphological literature to assess: 1) whether UAP prevalence is limited to New World populations, and 2) whether the trait's antiquity can be extended further into the Early Holocene Paleoindian period. Additional cases of UAP are presented from the Pacific coast of South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Combined, these data greatly expand the spatial and temporal distribution of UAP and suggest the trait evolved considerably earlier than previously thought. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vertical clinging and leaping revisited: Vertical support use as the ancestral condition of strepsirrhine primates
Authors: Gebo Daniel L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA re‐examination of primate foot and knee anatomy suggests that strepsirrhine primates (adapiforms and lemuriforms) possess a unique and derived hindlimb related to their use of vertical supports. In contrast, leaping adaptations are older and shared by both major euprimate clades, Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini. Combining this derived hindlimb anatomy with leaping suggests that ancestral strepsirrhines were at least frequent vertical support users and leapers, and perhaps vertical clingers and leapers. These initial strepsirrhine adaptations were preadaptive for later lemuriform vertical clingers and leapers. In contrast, haplorhine vertical clingers and leapers require additional foot and leg modifications to accommodate a vertical clinging and leaping lifestyle. The movement pattern called vertical clinging and leaping evolved independently among different primate lineages throughout primate evolutionary history for several different ecological reasons. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin‐methylmethacrylate block‐graft copolymers via ATRP
Authors: Çakır Çanak Tuba , Kızılcan Nilgün , Ersin Serhatlı İ. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWell defined block‐graft copolymers of cyclohexanone‐formaldehyde resin (CFR) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) were prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In the first step, cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (CFR) containing hydroxyl groups were modified with 2‐bromopropionyl bromide. Resulting multifunctional macroinitiator was used in the ATRP of MMA using copper bromide (CuBr) and N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyl‐diethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as catalyst system at 90°C. The chemical composition and structure of the copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight measurement. Molecular weight distributions of the CFR graft copolymers were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Mn values up to 19,000 associated with narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity index (PDI) < 1.6) were obtained with conversions up to 49%. Coating properties of synthesized graft copolymers such as adhesion and gloss values were measured. They exhibited good adhesion properties on Plexiglas substrate. The thermal behaviors of all polymers were conducted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electrospun zein fibers using glyoxal as the crosslinking reagent
Authors: Selling Gordon W. , Woods Kristen Kruger , Biswas Atanu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAfter reaction of zein with glyoxal the resulting electrospun fibers have improved resistance to known zein solvents. Durable fibers with diameters of 0.6 μm could be produced. The reaction between zein and glyoxal was carried out in acetic acid (AcOH) at temperatures between 25 and 60°C at various lengths of time. Gelation would occur after higher extents of reaction. During the course of reaction, solution viscosity increased which increased the diameter of the electrospun fibers produced from these solutions. Gel electrophoresis showed increased molecular weight as the reaction progressed. When 6% glyoxal was allowed to react with zein at 25°C for 6 h, the resulting fibers were durable to AcOH as spun. Other formulations required a second thermal treatment to provide solvent durable fabrics. Fibers displayed different secondary structure utilizing far‐UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. The infrared spectra displayed peaks in the CO region supporting the reaction of glyoxal with hydroxyl groups present on zein. Zein fabrics incorporating glyoxal had modestly improved tensile strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012