bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil erosion alters the composition of soil nitrogen and induces nitrogen immobilization along a sloping agricultural landscape
Authors: Shi Jia , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Zi , Peng Yumei , Wang Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoil erosion transports and redistributes sediment across the landscape, altering soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) availability and stocks. However, the effect of erosion on soil N remains largely unclear. In this study, SOC, soil total N (TN), mineral N ( and ), dissolved organic N (DON) and total dissolved N (TDN) were evaluated in 100‐cm soil profiles in different sites (including the non‐erosion flat site, erosional site and depositional site) to examine the responses of the concentration and composition of soil N to different erosional intensity. Additionally, N mineralization and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were determined to evaluate the bioavailability of soil N. Our results showed that erosion depleted TN in the erosional sites while enriching it in the depositional site throughout the soil profile. The erosion, rather than the deposition, altered the composition of dissolved N, with TDN (DON and mineral N) dominating deeper soil profiles (40–100 cm, accounting for 18%–50% of TN). The wide soil C:N ratio in the erosional site altered microbial metabolism to mine N to maintain their growth rather than mineralizing organic matter into soil bioavailable forms. This was supported by the net N mineralization (Nm), which exhibited a significant negative correlation with MBN and soil C:N ratio. The imbalanced loss of SOC and TN caused by the erosion induces soil N limitations. Collectively, our results suggested that erosion decreased TN concentrations and altered the composition of dissolved N, inducing N immobilization and decreasing soil bioavailable N.
Microgranular biochar improves soil fertility and mycorrhization in crop systems
Authors: Fišarová Lenka , Berchová Kateřina , Lukáč Martin , Beesley Luke , Vosátka Miroslav , Hausenblas Michal , Trakal Lukáš 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntensive agricultural practices have accelerated soil organic carbon mineralization, compromising soil health and function. This study evaluated the efficacy of microgranular biochar (MicroCHAR) and powdered biochar as soil additives enhancing soil function, and pea, maize and wheat growth and yield. We carried out a series of experiments with degraded drought‐prone soils in greenhouse and field conditions, combining biochar addition with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The combination of amendments variously impacted soil nutrient status; availability of extractable potassium (K) increased in all cases, whilst that of calcium (Ca) was reduced when AMF inoculation was applied alone but not in combination with biochar. MicroCHAR positively affected root biomass and pea P content compared with the control, but biochar did not enhance N or K. Crop yield was not significantly increased by MicroCHAR amendment. MicroCHAR enhanced the mycorrhization rate of crop roots by 260%, an effect seen in the greenhouse and field conditions. This study suggests that credible benefits in some crops can be gained by the application of MicroCHAR to some soils. Observed effects may be soil and crop specific; future study of optimal nutrient and microorganism coatings on microgranular biochar opens exciting avenues for the improvement of crop yields in degraded agricultural soils.
Training framework for high‐stakes OSCE: Experience from volunteer standardized patients' bank
Authors: Feigerlova Eva 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTraining of standardized patients (SPs) for national high‐stakes OSCE helps to ensure a reliable assessment of student performance in various clinical scenarios. However, workflow protocols to train SPs vary. Medical schools adopt specific measures to ensure standardization.ApproachWe present a development workflow of the SPs' training framework for high‐stakes OSCE using a volunteer SPs' bank. Our approach was guided by the social learning theory. Three educators and 17/20 (85%) members of our volunteer SPs' bank worked in a collaborative partnership on the construction of pedagogical content of the training framework comprising three 2‐hour sessions. Since SPs have to demonstrate acquired behaviors, intended learning outcomes used the words “apply”, “perform” and “participate.”EvaluationA principal part of the evaluation was the achievement of intended learning outcomes by the SPs during 3 formative OSCEs. Seventeen SPs, 356 fourth year medical students and 60 examiners participated. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected by post‐session questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Twelve examiners evaluated a mean of 29.7+/−0.14 SD patient‐student encounters. In total, 15/16 SPs (93.8%) considered the contact with students as easy and 4 SPs (31%) reported the experience as stressful. Two themes emerged from the free‐text comments: “Gaining experience as SP” and “Concerns for evaluated students.”ImplicationThe proposed SPs' training framework for high‐stakes OSCE may be useful for other medical disciplines and health professions initiating SP‐based assessment programs. The strategy of development and evaluation are outlined to guide a successful application of the curriculum standards.
Suspected cerebral salt wasting syndrome secondary to traumatic brain injury in a dog
Authors: Chromiak Amanda E. , Finstad Joanna , Cooper Edward 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a dog with suspected cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI).Case SummaryA 2‐month‐old intact male Chihuahua‐American Pitbull Terrier mix weighing 1.94 kg presented to a veterinary teaching emergency room after suffering bite wound‐penetrating trauma to the head. Treatment was initiated with hyperosmotic agents, fluid resuscitation, and analgesia. The dog's neurologic dysfunction warranted hospitalization and continuous monitoring. Within 24 hours, the dog developed hyponatremia (133 mmol/L compared to 143 mmol/L on presentation [reference interval 142–149 mmol/L]). As the dog had concurrent tachycardia, increase in urine sodium concentration, polyuria, and weight loss, a diagnosis of cerebral salt wasting was suspected. A 2% hypertonic saline constant rate infusion was administered for volume replacement, and the patient showed improvement in clinical signs and blood sodium concentration. The dog was discharged on Day 5. Recheck examination showed significant neurologic improvement with sodium just below the low end of the reference range (141 mmol/L [reference interval 142–149 mmol/L]).New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first description of suspected CSWS in veterinary medicine. Hyponatremia is a common finding in critically ill neurologic people, including those with TBI, and is typically associated with either syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone or CSWS. As treatment recommendations for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and CSWS are diametrically opposed, identifying the presence of hyponatremia and distinguishing between these 2 clinical entities is critical for improving patient care for those with TBI. This case highlights the characteristics and clinical progression regarding the diagnosis and management of suspected CSWS.
Geographic range and minimum infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Manitoba, Canada from 1995 to 2017
Authors: Foo Cheryl Pei Zhen , Sutcliffe Catherine Gayle , Dibernardo Antonia , Lindsay Leslie Robbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe expanding geographical range of blacklegged ticks (BLTs), Ixodes scapularis, and its ability to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi poses an emerging public health risk. Our study determined the geographic distribution and the minimum infection rate (MIR) of B. burgdorferi‐, A. phagocytophilum‐, Ba. microti‐, and B. miyamotoi‐infected BLTs in Manitoba submitted to the Public Health Agency of Canada's passive tick surveillance programme from 1995 to 2017.MethodsRegression models were used to test the association of the MIR by year for each pathogen. Ticks were tested using PCR for B. burgdorferi since 1995, A. phagocytophilum since 2006, and Ba. microti and B. miyamotoi since 2013. The global positioning system coordinates of infected and uninfected ticks submitted during the surveillance period were plotted on a map of Manitoba using ArcGIS Pro version 3.1.2 to detect changes in the geographic distribution of ticks over time.ResultsThe overall MIR for B. burgdorferi was 139.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 129.0–150.5) per 1000 BLTs; however, it varied over time. After remaining stable from 1995 to 2005, the MIR increased by 12.1 per 1000 BLTs per year from 2005 to 2017 (95% CI: 7.0%–17.2%, p‐value <0.01). The geographic distribution of B. burgdorferi‐infected BLTs was centred around Winnipeg, Manitoba, and spread outward from this locality. The MIRs of A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and B. miyamotoi were 44.8 per 1000 BLTs (95% CI: 38.1–51.6), 10.8 (95% CI: 6.6–15.0), and 5.2 (95% CI: 2.3–8.1) per 1000 BLTs, respectively, and showed no significant change over time.ConclusionPassive surveillance revealed the presence of A. phagocytophilum‐, Ba. microti‐, and B. miyamotoi‐infected BLTs in southern Manitoba and revealed an increased risk of exposure to B. burgdorferi‐infected BLTs due to the increasing geographic range and MIR.
Moderate deviations for rough differential equations
Authors: Inahama Yuzuru , Xu Yong , Yang Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSmall noise problems are quite important for all types of stochastic differential equations. In this paper, we focus on rough differential equations driven by scaled fractional Brownian rough path with Hurst parameter . We prove a moderate deviation principle for this equation as the scale parameter tends to zero.
On a problem of Erdős and Graham about consecutive sums in strictly increasing sequences
Authors: Beker Adrian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show the existence of a constant such that, for all positive integers , there exist integers such that there are at least distinct integers of the form with . This answers a question of Erdős and Graham. We also prove a non‐trivial upper bound on the maximum number of distinct integers of this form and address several open problems.
Branching random walk with non‐local competition
Authors: Maillard Pascal , Penington Sarah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the Bolker–Pacala–Dieckmann–Law (BPDL) model of population dynamics in the regime of large population density. The BPDL model is a particle system in which particles reproduce, move randomly in space and compete with each other locally. We rigorously prove global survival as well as a shape theorem describing the asymptotic spread of the population, when the population density is sufficiently large. In contrast to most previous studies, we allow the competition kernel to have an arbitrary, even infinite range, whence the term non‐local competition. This makes the particle system non‐monotone and of infinite‐range dependence, meaning that the usual comparison arguments break down and have to be replaced by a more hands‐on approach. Some ideas in the proof are inspired by works on the non‐local Fisher‐KPP equation, but the stochasticity of the model creates new difficulties.
Hajnal–Máté graphs, Cohen reals, and disjoint‐type guessing
Authors: Lambie‐Hanson Chris , Uhrik Dávid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA Hajnal–Máté graph is an uncountably chromatic graph on satisfying a certain natural sparseness condition. We investigate Hajnal–Máté graphs and generalizations thereof, focusing on the existence of Hajnal–Máté graphs in models resulting from adding a single Cohen real. In particular, answering a question of Dániel Soukup, we show that such models necessarily contain triangle‐free Hajnal–Máté graphs. In the process, we isolate a weakening of club guessing called disjoint‐type guessing that we feel is of interest in its own right. We show that disjoint‐type guessing is independent of and, if disjoint‐type guessing holds in the ground model, then the forcing extension by a single Cohen real contains Hajnal–Máté graphs such that the chromatic numbers of finite subgraphs of grow arbitrarily slowly.
Experimental Research Into Aeroelastic Phenomena in Turbine Rotor Blades Inside ARIAS EU Project
Authors: Gallardo Juan Manuel , Bermejo Oscar , Hernández Julen , García Gadea , Gallego Jon , Knappett Daniel , Kharyton Vsevolod , Wurl Mike , Corral Roque 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper describes an aeroelastic experimental campaign on a low-pressure turbine-bladed rotor in a rotating wind tunnel that took place as a part of the Advanced Research Into Aeromechanical Solutions (ARIAS) EU project. The campaign can be considered a continuation of the free-flutter test that was performed as part of the FUTURE EU project, where the saturation of asynchronous vibrations due to dry friction was characterized. This new campaign studied new aspects of the physics behind saturated flutter, including the non-linear interaction between synchronous excitation and asynchronous vibration, the effectiveness of different mistuning patterns to suppress flutter, and the viability of under-platform dampers as a technology to control the amplitude of asynchronous vibrations. Furthermore, the campaign explored various operation conditions for the turbine rotor, including near-stall. In general, there was a good agreement between the theoretical predictions regarding all these different aspects of turbine flutter and the test results.
A Survey of Function Failure Identification and Propagation Analysis Methods for System Design
Authors: Jensen David , Van Bossuyt Douglas L. , Bello Oladapo , O’Halloran Bryan M. , Papakonstantinou Nikolaos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the context of model-based product and system design, the capability to assess the impact of potential component faults, undesired interactions, and fault propagation is important for design decision-making. Addressing these potential negative outcomes should occur as early in the design process as possible to enable designers to make impactful changes to the design. To this end, a set of tools and methods have been developed over the last 20 years that leverage a function-based approach assessing the potential faults and fault propagation and develop system health management strategies. These tools and methods must overcome challenges of high abstraction and satisfaction of safety or risk requirements with limited design specifications. This paper provides a detailed survey of a particular function-based analysis tool as a lens to understanding the challenges for other tools in this domain. Specifically, the development and evolution of the function failure identification and propagation framework (FFIP) is used as a lens to survey the challenges of this field. The objective of this paper is to explore the specific challenges and advancements of the FFIP framework and related tools that address similar modeling and analysis challenges. We provide an overall categorization and summary of the research efforts to date and identify specific known limitations and unaddressed challenges in the area of design-stage system risk and safety analysis.
Comparison Analysis of Bio-Inspired Tendon-Driven Manipulators Based on Their Tension-Feasible Workspace
Authors: Testard Nicolas J. S. , Chevallereau Christine , Wenger Philippe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bio-inspiration can be used in the development of novel dextrous and energy-efficient manipulators. This paper focuses on planar manipulators inspired by the bird neck, built upon stacking a series of tensegrity X-joints. The manipulators are actuated with four tendons and have different numbers of modules, with or without offsets. The objective of this work is to study the influence of offsets, number of modules, geometry of the joints, configuration at rest of the manipulators, and actuation scheme on the size of the tension-feasible workspace (TFW). The spring constants of the X-joints are determined so that the configuration at rest features a desired end-effector (EE) pose with minimal stiffness to ensure stability. Our study demonstrates that increasing the number of modules results in a larger TFW, although the number of active tendons is fixed. We find that the TFW can be maximized with appropriate modification of the joint geometry. Additionally, we explore the influence of bio-inspired approaches on the manipulator configuration at rest and actuation scheme in relation to the TFW. In addition, we conduct an analysis of the EE pose stiffness, revealing that offsets decrease this stiffness, while an optimal number of modules exists to achieve maximum stiffness. We observed that increasing the width of the manipulator generally enhances stiffness, while the configuration at rest and the actuation have little effects. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to validate the methodologies.
Predicting anti-trypanosome effect of carbazole-derived compounds by powerful SVM with novel kernel function and comprehensive learning PSO
Authors: Dong Wenzhe , Zhang Peijian 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

In order to predict the anti-trypanosome effect of carbazole-derived compounds by quantitative structure–activity relationship, five models were established by the linear method, random forest, radial basis kernel function support vector machine, linear combination mix-kernel function support vector machine, and nonlinear combination mix-kernel function support vector machine (NLMIX-SVM). The heuristic method and optimized CatBoost were used to select two different key descriptor sets for building linear and nonlinear models, respectively. Hyperparameters in all nonlinear models were optimized by comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization with low complexity and fast convergence. Furthermore, the models’ robustness and reliability underwent rigorous assessment using fivefold and leave-one-out cross-validation,
y
-randomization, and statistics including concordance correlation coefficient (CCC),

Q

F
1

2

,

Q

F
2

2

, and

Q

F
3

2

. Among all the models, the NLMIX-SVM model, which was established by support vector regression using a nonlinear combination of radial basis kernel function, sigmoid kernel function, and linear kernel function as a new kernel function, demonstrated excellent learning and generalization abilities as well as robustness:

R

2

= 0.9581, mean square error (MSE) = 0.0199 for the training set and

R

2

= 0.9528, MSE = 0.0174 for the test set.

Q

L
O
O

2

,

Q

5
−
f
o
l
d

2

, CCC,

Q

F
1

2

,

Q

F
2

2

, and

Q

F
3

2

are 0.9539, 0.8908, 0.9752, 0.9529, 0.9528, and 0.9633, respectively. The NLMIX-SVM method proved to be a promising way in quantitative structure–activity relationship research. In addition, molecular docking experiments were conducted to analyze the properties of new derivatives, and a new potential candidate drug molecule was ultimately found. In summary, this study will provide help for the design and screening of novel anti-trypanosome drugs.
Comparison of three colloidal gold immunoassays and GeneXpert Carba-R for the detection of
Klebsiella pneumoniae bla
KPC-2
variants
Authors: Zhang Jinghao , Xu Jieli , Shen Siquan , Ding Li , Yang Weiwei , Tang Chengkang , Shi Qingyu , Zhao Hu , Guo Yan , Han Renru , Hu Fupin 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The increasing use of ceftazidime-avibactam has led to the emergence of a wide range of ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant
bla
KPC-2
variants. Particularly, the conventional carbapenemase phenotypic assay exhibited a high false-negative rate for KPC-2 variants. In this study, three colloidal gold immunoassays, including the Gold Mountainriver CGI test, Dynamiker CGI test and NG-Test CARBA5, and GeneXpert Carba-R, were used to detect the presence of KPC-2 carbapenemase and its various variants in 42
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains. These strains covered
bla
KPC-2
(13/42) and 16 other
bla
KPC-2
variants including
bla
KPC-12
(1/42),
bla
KPC-23
(1/42),
bla
KPC-25
(1/42),
bla
KPC-33
(6/42),
bla
KPC-35
(1/42),
bla
KPC-44
(1/42),
bla
KPC-71
(1/42),
bla
KPC-76
(8/42),
bla
KPC-78
(1/42),
bla
KPC-79
(1/42),
bla
KPC-100
(1/42),
bla
KPC-127
(1/42),
bla
KPC-128
(1/42),
bla
KPC-144
(1/42),
bla
KPC-157
(2/42), and
bla
KPC-180
(1/42). For KPC-2 strains, all four assays showed 100% negative percentage agreement (NPA) and 100% positive percentage agreement (PPA) with sequencing results. For all 16 KPC-2 variants, GeneXpert Carba-R showed 100% NPA and 100% PPA, and the three colloidal gold immunoassays showed 100% NPA, while the PPAs of the Gold Mountainriver CGI test, Dynamiker CGI test, and NG-Test CARBA5 were 87.5%, 87.5%, and 68.8%, respectively. We also found a correlation between the mutation site in the amino acid of the variants and false-negative results by colloidal gold immunoassays. In conclusion, the GeneXpert Carba-R has been proven to be a reliable method in detecting KPC-2 and its variants, and the colloidal gold immunoassay tests offer a practical and cost-effective approach for their detection. For the sample with a negative result by a colloidal gold immunoassay test but not matching the drug-resistant phenotype, it is recommended to retest using another type of kit or the GeneXpert Carba-R assay, which can significantly improve the accuracy of detection.
Complete genome sequence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
L3, a bacterium with Mn(II) oxidative property isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils
Authors: Xue Lan , Guo Yueshuai , Tang Fengzhen , Chen Sha , Liao Fengfeng , Li Ding 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
L3, isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils, possesses the ability of Mn(II) oxidation. To further enhance the understanding of genes involved in Mn(II) oxidation, the complete genome of this strain was sequenced and annotated, which has a total size of 6.39 Mb with a G + C content of 66.39%.
Complete genome sequences of
Clostridioides difficile
surveillance isolates representing the top 10 ribotypes from the Emerging Infections Program, United States, 2016
Authors: Adamczyk Michelle , Vlachos Nicholas , Breaker Erin , Orazi Giulia , Paulick Ashley L. , Rowe Lori A. , McAllister Gillian , Machado María-José , Korhonen Lauren , Guh Alice Y. , Rasheed J. Kamile , Karlsson Maria , McKay Susannah L. , Lutgring Joseph D. , Gargis Amy S. ,   the Emerging Infections Program Clostridioides difficile Pathogen Group
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Ten
Clostridioides difficile
isolates representing the top 10 ribotypes collected in 2016 through the Emerging Infections Program underwent long-read sequencing to obtain high-quality reference genome assemblies. These isolates are publicly available through the CDC & FDA Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank.