bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding genetic diversity and population structure of Brassica species by inter primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers
Authors: Sameeullah Muhammad , Kayaçetin Fatma , Khavar Khalid Mahmood , Perkasa Achmad Yozar , Maesaroh Siti , Waheed Mohammad Tahir , Çiftçi Vahdettin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Marker-assisted breeding serves as a potent tool for screening target germplasm, assessing genetic diversity, and determining breeding potential of a crop. Therefore, inter primer binding site (iPBS)-retrotransposons marker system was employed to evaluate a collection of 33 Brassica genotypes, including 10 Brassica juncea, 5 B. oleracea, 7 Sinapis alba, 5 B. nigra, and 6 B. rapa, were utilized to evaluate their genetic diversity and variations 10 polymorphic primers that generated a total of 144 bands. Various diversity indices were calculated in the studied germplasm, including polymorphism information content (0.13–0.30), effective number of alleles (1.217–1.689), Shannon’s information index (0.244–0.531), and gene diversity (0.148–0.370). These indices collectively affirmed substantial genetic variations within the germplasm. Molecular variance analysis revealed that the majority (62%) of genetic variations were present within populations. The Brassica accessions were categorized into three populations utilizing a model-based structure algorithm. Evaluation of diversity indices based on the structure indicated that populations III and II exhibited higher diversity. Principal coordinate analysis and neighbor-joining analysis further corroborated the three distinct populations, confirming the reliability of the STRUCTURE analysis. Notably, the genetic distance assessment identified BN1 and BN3 from B. nigra species and the genotypes BO1 and BO3 from B. oleracea as genetically diverse mustard accessions. The extensive genetic diversity observed within the Brassica germplasm underscores its significance as a valuable genetic resource for comprehensive Brassica breeding programs. Moreover, these accessions hold promise as suitable candidates for heterosis breeding initiatives aimed at improving mustard production.
Group Ownership, Group Interests, and the Ethics of Cultural Exchange
Authors: Ferracioli Luara , Shpall Sam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this essay, we address an important problem in the ethics of cultural engagement: the problem of giving a systematic account of when and why outsider use of insider cultural material is permissible or impermissible. We argue that many scholars rely on a problematic notion of collective ownership even when they claim to be disavowing it. After making this case, we motivate an alternative framework for thinking about cultural exchange, which we call the core interests framework. We conclude with some reflections on how this framework helps to raise interesting questions about the most promising accounts of wrongful cultural appropriation.
New static apparatus STAT9 for vapor pressure measurements at temperatures up to 463 K
Authors: Štejfa Vojtěch , Fulem Michal , Růžička Květoslav 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, a state-of-the-art static apparatus for vapor pressure measurements in a temperature range of 363−463 K and a wide pressure range of 1−13,330 Pa is introduced and described. The performance of the apparatus was evaluated by a meticulous procedure of measuring the vapor pressure of five reference materials of different volatility, anthracene, benzophenone, ferrocene, naphthalene, and dibenzothiophene. The last two compounds were studied in the blind test regime, i.e., the results were compared to literature only after finishing the experiments. During benchmarking the performance of the apparatus, it was found appropriate to develop new vapor pressure equations for ferrocene and anthracene that included high-temperature data from the STAT9 apparatus. By combining the new data with previously selected vapor pressures, sublimation enthalpies, and ideal-gas and condensed phase heat capacities, we have obtained a consistent sublimation pressure equation for anthracene and ferrocene. For anthracene, the correlation procedure covered melting properties and liquid-phase vapor pressure data to support the description of the high-temperature region. The revised vapor pressure equations and sublimation enthalpies may serve as solid foundation for future research in this field.
Statistical learning to identify salient factors influencing FEMA public assistance outlays
Authors: Ghaedi Hamed , Best Kelsea , Reilly Allison , Niemeier Deb 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBoth the number of disasters in the U.S. and federal outlays following disasters are rising. FEMA’s Public Assistance (PA) is a key program for rebuilding damaged public infrastructure and aiding local and state governments in recovery. It is the primary post-disaster source of recovery funds. Between 2000 and 2019, more than $125B (adjusted, 2020 dollars) was awarded through PA. While all who qualify for PA should have equal opportunity to receive aid, not all do, and the factors influencing how the program has been administered are complex and multifaceted. Lacking an understanding of the factors positively associated with historical receipt of aid, there is little way to objectively evaluate the efficacy of the PA program. In this work, we evaluate the salient features that contribute to the number of county-level PA applicants and projects following disasters. We use statistical learning theory applied to repetitive flooding events in the upper Midwest between 2003 and 2018 as a case study. The results suggest that many non-disaster related indicators are key predictors of PA outlays, including the state in which the disaster occurred, the county’s prior experience with disasters, the county’s median income, and the length of time between the end of the disaster and the date when a disaster is declared. Our work suggests that indicators of PA aid are tied to exposure, bureaucratic attributes, and human behavior. For equitable distribution of aid, policymakers should explore more disaster-relevant indicators for PA distribution.
Coupled circularly polarized electromagnetic soliton states in magnetized plasmas
Authors: Veldes G. P. , Lazarides N. , Frantzeskakis D. J. , Kourakis I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe interaction between two co-propagating electromagnetic pulses in a magnetized plasma is considered, from first principles, relying on a fluid-Maxwell model. Two circularly polarized wavepackets by same group velocities are considered, characterized by opposite circular polarization, to be identified as left-hand- or right hand circularly polarized (i.e. LCP or RCP, respectively). A multiscale perturbative technique is adopted, leading to a pair of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger-type (NLS) equations for the modulated amplitudes of the respective vector potentials associated with the two pulses. Systematic analysis reveals the existence, in certain frequency bands, of three different types of vector soliton modes: an LCP-bright/RCP-bright coupled soliton pair state, an LCP-bright/RCP-dark soliton pair, and an LCP-dark/RCP-bright soliton pair. The value of the magnetic field plays a critical role since it determines the type of vector solitons that may occur in certain frequency bands and, on the other hand, it affects the width of those frequency bands that are characterized by a specific type of vector soliton (type). The magnetic field (strength) thus arises as an order parameter, affecting the existence conditions of each type of solution (in the form of an envelope soliton pair). An exhaustive parametric investigation is presented in terms of frequency bands and in a wide range of magnetic field (strength) values, leading to results that may be applicable in beam-plasma interaction scenarios as well as in space plasmas and in the ionosphere.
There, across the border – political scientists and their boundary-crossing work
Authors: Squevin Pierre , Pattyn Valérie , Jungblut Jens , Blum Sonja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScholars may be diversely engaged in boundary-crossing work, either staying more confined in academic settings, or reaching out to the policy world. Despite growing theoretical attention, there is little empirical knowledge on the extent to which scholars indeed engage in boundary-crossing activities, and the conditions that foster or jeopardize this. We use original survey data from European political scientists to investigate how frequently they ‘travel’ to the policy world, what patterns of engagement are visible, and how these are determined. The article introduces a typology capturing different boundary-crossing profiles and shows that political scientists are rather frequent travelers across the border between academia and the policy world. Yet, individual characteristics matter. Having (had) a position outside of academia has an especially strong effect on the likelihood of boundary-crossing. Our results also reveal that not every scholar has the same chance to be involved, depending on gender or seniority.
Efficient three-dimensional indoor dark light visible light positioning with received signal strength technique
Authors: Saleh Sally S. , Kheirallah Hassan Nadir , Aly Moustafa H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA unidirectional Visible Light Communication (VLC) system has the potential to serve as an Indoor Positioning System (IPS). However, it is important to note that many existing VLC IPS setups rely on keeping LED lights switched on, which can lead to energy wastage when indoor lighting is unnecessary during daylight hours. Additionally, most indoor Visible Light Positioning (VLP) research has focused on 2D localization, assuming a fixed receiver height. This approach tends to overlook the positional inaccuracies that can arise due to variations in height. In this paper, to address these concerns, a 3D IPS is proposed. This system employs multiple transmitters and a single receiver, utilizing a Dark Light Visible Light Communication (DL-VLC) system. This innovative approach ensures the functionality of IPSs even when LEDs are turned "OFF" resulting in more efficient energy usage. The results of the investigation indicate that the positioning error remains within approximately 3 cm when the receiver is positioned at a height of 2.4 m, assuming standard room dimensions, which is in a fair agreement with previously published work.
The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy and mastectomy on psychopathology, body image, and quality of life in adults with gender dysphoria who were assigned female at birth
Authors: Turan Şenol , Özulucan Mahmut Taha , Karataş Uğur , Kavla Yasin , Koyuncu Oğuzhan , Durcan Emre , Durcan Gizem , Bağhaki Semih 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) may request hormone therapy and various surgical operations to change their physical characteristics. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two treatments, mastectomy and gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), on adults with GD who were assigned female at birth (GD AFAB).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we gathered data from a total of 269 individuals in three groups: (a) untreated group (n = 121), (b) GAHT group (n = 84) who had been receiving treatment for at least 6 months, and (c) GAHT-MAST group (n = 64) who had been using GAHT for at least 6 months and had undergone mastectomy at least 3 months prior. All participants were asked to complete the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), and the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire- Brief Form, Turkish Version (WHOQOL-BREF-Tr).

Results
We found that individuals in the untreated group had higher psychopathological symptoms and body uneasiness scores, and lower quality of life scores compared to both GAHT and GAHT-MAST groups. There was no difference in psychopathology between the GAHT-MAST group and the GAHT group, but body uneasiness scores were lower, and quality of life scores were higher in the GAHT-MAST group.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that individuals receiving GAHT improved mental health, body satisfaction, and overall quality of life. Combining mastectomy with GAHT may further enhance these benefits.
Investigating the Roles of Protein on the Cobalt Alloy Surface Degradation for Biomedical Implant Through Tribocorrosion Mechanisms
Authors: Taufiqurrakhman Mohamad , Khan Thawhid , Bryant Michael G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious investigation has established the formation of tribofilm is influenced by tribochemical reactions between the electrolyte and the articulating surface of cobalt alloy through sliding tests in various simulated fluids. Although it has successfully characterized the film composition via spectroscopy analysis and indicated to have impact on material loss, a comprehensive understanding of the material degradation mechanism in tribocorrosion condition was still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of protein in the tribocorrosive degradation of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy in different simulated physiological electrolytes. Using a similar testing protocol, tribocorrosion tests were conducted with reciprocating ceramic ball against CoCrMo samples immersed in saline and culture medium, compared to both electrolytes diluted with 25% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Synergistic and mechanistic approaches were employed to model the tribocorrosive degradation. Results reveal that protein plays a beneficial role in reducing corrosive (electrochemical) surface degradation under tribocorrosion condition, whilst increasing mechanical wear degradation in the process. Despite studies have shown that tribocorrosion behavior in metal alloys is highly influenced by the presence of organic matter, this study provides a more clarity of the roles played by protein in tribocorrosive degradation on CoCrMo surface as its novel finding.
WildCLIP: Scene and Animal Attribute Retrieval from Camera Trap Data with Domain-Adapted Vision-Language Models
Authors: Gabeff Valentin , Rußwurm Marc , Tuia Devis , Mathis Alexander 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWildlife observation with camera traps has great potential for ethology and ecology, as it gathers data non-invasively in an automated way. However, camera traps produce large amounts of uncurated data, which is time-consuming to annotate. Existing methods to label these data automatically commonly use a fixed pre-defined set of distinctive classes and require many labeled examples per class to be trained. Moreover, the attributes of interest are sometimes rare and difficult to find in large data collections. Large pretrained vision-language models, such as contrastive language image pretraining (CLIP), offer great promises to facilitate the annotation process of camera-trap data. Images can be described with greater detail, the set of classes is not fixed and can be extensible on demand and pretrained models can help to retrieve rare samples. In this work, we explore the potential of CLIP to retrieve images according to environmental and ecological attributes. We create WildCLIP by fine-tuning CLIP on wildlife camera-trap images and to further increase its flexibility, we add an adapter module to better expand to novel attributes in a few-shot manner. We quantify WildCLIP’s performance and show that it can retrieve novel attributes in the Snapshot Serengeti dataset. Our findings outline new opportunities to facilitate annotation processes with complex and multi-attribute captions. The code is available at https://github.com/amathislab/wildclip.
Environmental assessment of an innovative adhesive for the footwear industry: road map for product development
Authors: Simões Carla L. , Aguiar António , Marques Ana C. , Pinho Isabel , Simoes Ricardo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This work presents an environmental assessment of two adhesives to evaluate the replacement of the traditional adhesive (PU) used in the footwear industry by a novel adhesive based on a microencapsulation approach (PUMC) which is more favorable from the safety and technical perspectives. The PU adhesive is polyurethane-based, while the PUMC adhesive is polyurethane-based but with its isocyanate compounds microencapsulated, increasing storage life and reducing risks related to the exposure of workers with the adhesives.

Methods
The potential environmental impact of the adhesives was evaluated using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. A detailed process model was developed (both for laboratory and for a pilot-scale implementation) to investigate the environmental impacts associated with these processes. The functional unit was one kilogram of adhesive (PU and PUMC adhesives) produced. A cradle-to-customers’ gate approach was defined. The system boundary starts from extraction of resources, through material production, until adhesive use. This includes microcapsule production in the case of the PUMC adhesive. This study investigates the important drivers behind the environmental impacts to help guide commercialization efforts. A scenarios study/sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the response of the PUMC adhesive system to the variability of the model, scenarios, and parameters.

Results
The results show that the PU adhesive environmental impact is due to acetone and polyol consumption in the production stage. In the PUMC adhesive system, acetone consumption and microcapsule production are the major factors responsible for the environmental impact. Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), dichloromethane (DCM), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) consumption are the major factors responsible for the environmental impact of the microcapsules’ production. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using three alternative scenarios focused on the reduction in material consumption and increase in material recuperation, as well as using an alternative renewable energy source. Although the traditional PU adhesive has a lower impact, it was found that the three alternative PUMC adhesive systems can become comparable to the traditional PU adhesive.

Conclusions
This study shows the advance and development of a new technology for microencapsulation of isocyanate in adhesives and its environmental advantages and disadvantages with respect to a traditional product that uses non-encapsulated isocyanate. Finally, it was shown that there is significant potential for minimizing some environmental impacts of the PUMC adhesive, such as optimizing the microcapsules’ production stage, increasing the production efficiency to decrease the required material consumption.
Partizipation im Unterricht: Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von lernerseitigen Partizipationsmöglichkeiten aus der Perspektive von Lernenden und Lehrenden
Authors: Kärner Tobias , Jüttler Michael 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Beitrag wird die Entwicklung eines Fragebogens berichtet, mit welchem sich lernerseitige Partizipationsmöglichkeiten aus der Perspektive von Lernenden und Lehrenden erfassen lassen. Die faktoranalytische Prüfung basiert auf Daten von Schüler:innen (n1 = 314) sowie Lehrpersonen (n2 = 97) der Sekundarstufen I und II. Für die beiden Perspektiven sowie für unterschiedliche Felder lernerseitiger Einflussmöglichkeiten kann jeweils konsistent die folgende dreifaktorielle Skalenstruktur empirisch ermittelt werden: (1) Selbstbestimmte Teilhabe, (2) Bedingte Mitsprache und (3) Fremdbestimmung. Die Analysen weisen insgesamt auf angemessene Modellparameter und Skalenreliabilitäten hin. In deskriptiver Hinsicht zeigen sich in den Daten erwartungskonforme Muster: (a) die befragten Schüler:innen geben der lehrpersonenseitigen Fremdbestimmung durchgängig höhere Zustimmungswerte als den beiden Ausprägungen partizipativer Einflussnahme; (b) die lernerseitig wahrgenommenen Partizipationsmöglichkeiten variieren zwischen verschiedenen unterrichtlichen Gestaltungsfeldern in ihrer jeweiligen Höhe; (c) Lehrpersonen schätzen die lernerseitigen Einflussmöglichkeiten teils deutlich höher ein als dies die Lernenden selbst tun. Mit dem vorgestellten Instrument bietet sich die Möglichkeit, lernerseitige Partizipationsmöglichkeiten differenziert empirisch zu erfassen und zu untersuchen.
Dietary inflammatory pattern and risk of hip fracture in the Nurses’ Health Study
Authors: Dahl Jesper , Meyer Haakon E. , Tabung Fred K. , Willett Walter C. , Holvik Kristin , Fung Teresa T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Summary

Our immune system activity is impacted by what we eat and can influence fracture risk under certain conditions. In this article, we show that postmenopausal women with a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern have an increased risk of hip fracture.

Purpose
The immune system influences bone homeostasis and can increase the risk of fracture under certain pro-inflammatory conditions. Immune system activity is impacted by dietary patterns. Using the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP), we investigated whether postmenopausal women with a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern had an increased risk of hip fracture.

Methods
The study population consisted of postmenopausal women participating in the Nurses’ Health Study from 1980 to 2014, who reported information on lifestyle and health, including hip fractures, on biennial questionnaires, while semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were completed every fourth year. Hazard ratios (HR) for hip fracture were computed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
EDIP was calculated using intake information from the FFQ for 87,955 postmenopausal participants, of whom 2348 sustained a non-traumatic hip fracture during follow-up. After adjustment for confounders, there was a 7% increase in the risk of hip fracture per 1 SD increase in EDIP (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12), and the uppermost quintile had a 22% greater risk compared to the lowest (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.40). For the separate components of the EDIP, we found that higher intakes of low-energy beverages (diet sodas) were independently associated with an increased risk of hip fracture, while higher intakes of green leafy vegetables were associated with a reduced risk.

Conclusion
A pro-inflammatory dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture among postmenopausal women.