bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root and Crown Rot of Anthurium Caused by Calonectria ilicicola in Iran
Authors: Mirabolfathy M. , Groenewald J. Z. , Crous P. W. 
Published: January 2010

In the autumn of 2008, a severe disease of Anthurium andraeanum with wilting and root and crown rot symptoms was observed in a greenhouse in the Varamin area of Tehran. A species of Calonectria was isolated consistently from symptomatic tissues on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA). The fungus produced perithecia and a Cylindrocladium anamorph when incubated on carnation leaf agar under near-ultraviolet light at 25°C. Perithechia were reddish brown, subglobose to ovoid, and 300 to 400 μm in diameter. Asci were clavate, hyaline, 90 to 140 × 12 to 19 μm, and tapering to a long thin stalk. Ascospores were fusoid, straight to slightly curved, 1- (-3) septate, and (30-) 37 to 50 (-65) × (4-) 5 to 6.5 (-7) μm (mean = 45 × 6 μm; n = 30). Penicillate conidiophores gave rise to stipe extensions that terminated in sphaeropedunculate vesicles (6-) 7 to 10 (-12) μm in diameter. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, (45-) 70 to 82 (-90) × (4-) 5 to 6.5(-7) μm (mean = 62 × 6 μm; n = 30), and (1-) 3-septate. On the basis of morphology, the fungus was identified as Calonectria ilicicola Boedijin & Reitsma. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by spray inoculating 1-month-old seedlings with a conidial and mycelial suspension (105 particles per ml) of the fungus obtained from 14-day-old single-spore colonies grown on PDA at 25°C. Following inoculation, all plants were maintained in plastic bags in a glasshouse at 25 ± 1°C. After 15 to 25 days, symptoms resembling those seen in the diseased glasshouse were detected on inoculated plants. C. ilicicola was reisolated from the artificially infected tissues. No symptoms were detected on the control plants. Nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nrDNA operon and the partial histone H3 gene were determined for derived strain CPC 16334 as described previously (1,3). The ITS sequence (GenBank Accession No. GU057378) matched 100% (644/644 bp) with the sequence of C. ilicicola strain CBS 463.76 (GenBank AF493963) and the histone H3 sequence (GenBank GU057379) matched 99% (456/458 bp; due to two versus three AC repeats in the sequence) with that of C. ilicicola strain CBS 112217 (GenBank AY725686). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Calonectria and Cylindrocladium genera and the disease caused by C. ilicicola from Iran. References: (1) R. Cheewangkoon et al. Persoonia 23:55, 2009. (2) P. W. Crous and M. J. Wingfield. Mycotaxon 51:341, 1994. (3) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 50:415, 2004.
First Report of Monosporascus cannonballus on Watermelon in Brazil
Authors: Sales R. , Santana C. V. S. , Nogueira D. R. S. , Silva K. J. P. , Guimarães I. M. , Michereff S. J. , Abad-Campos P. , García-Jiménez J. , Armengol J. 
Published: January 2010

In 2008 and 2009, vine decline symptoms were observed in three watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) fields located in the municipalities of Mossoró (Rio Grande do Norte State) and Quixeré (Ceará State) in northeastern Brazil. Symptoms included yellowing of crown leaves just prior to harvest and collapse of many of the vines. Mean maximum daily temperatures for the first and second half of the season were 28.6 and 25.1°C, respectively. Affected plants exhibited necrotic root systems and lacked most of the secondary and tertiary feeder roots. Numerous perithecia on the roots contained asci and ascospores characteristics of Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack & Uecker (1,2). Small pieces of primary and secondary roots were surface disinfected and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium with 0.5 g liter–1 of streptomycin sulfate and incubated for 7 days at 25°C in the dark. Hyphal tips from all colonies were transferred to PDA and further incubated for 30 to 40 days at 25°C in the dark for subsequent growth and sporulation. Isolations consistently yielded colonies of white mycelium, which became dark grayish after 10 to 15 days, and perithecia with one-spored asci. The internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA of isolates 18-5 and 19-1 were sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. GQ891544 and GQ891545). These sequences were identical to sequences of M. cannonballus (GenBank Accession Nos. AM167936 and AM167937). Pathogenicity of these two isolates was confirmed on watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet in a greenhouse maintained at 25 to 30°C. Inoculum was produced in a sand-oat hulls (Avena sativa) medium (0.5 liter of sand, 46 g of ground oat hulls, and 37.5 ml of distilled water) and incubated at 25°C for 1 month. CFU were quantified by serial dilution using 1% hydroxyethyl cellulose. A sterilized mixture of equal portions (vol/vol) of sand and peat moss was used to fill 17-cm-diameter plastic pots and inoculum was added to produce an inoculum concentration of 20 CFU g–1. Five watermelon seeds planted in each pot were later thinned to one seedling per pot. There were five replicated pots for each treatment with an equal number of noninfested pots. Plants were evaluated for disease 45 days after sowing. All isolates of M. cannonballus were highly aggressive and caused severe root necrosis compared with the noninoculated controls. M. cannonballus was reisolated from symptomatic plants, confirming Koch's postulates. In 2004, M. cannonballus was reported in the same Brazilian cucurbit-growing areas causing root rot and vine decline of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) (3), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of M. cannonballus on watermelon in Brazil. References: (1) R. D. Martyn and M. E. Miller. Plant Dis. 80:716, 1996. (2) F. G. Pollack and F. A. Uecker. Mycologia 66:346, 1974. (3) R. Sales Jr. et al. Plant Dis. 88:84, 2004.
Pandemic Influenza: Antiviral Preparedness and Health Care Workers
Authors: Schneider Ruth B. , Benitez John G. , D’Angelo Anne , Tyo Kathee 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine the preparedness for pandemic influenza of hospitals, in terms of amount of antiviral drugs on hand and employee vaccination rates, in the Finger Lakes region (FLR) of western New York.Methods: A survey of the 17 FLR hospitals was conducted via e-mail during the period of June 2007 to August 2007.Results: A total of 13 of 17 hospitals responded for a response rate of 76.5%. Only 23.1% of responding hospitals stockpile antiviral drugs. Vaccination rates for personnel with patient contact ranged from 36.8% to 76.1%.Conclusions: Hospitals in the FLR have insufficient quantities of antiviral agents stockpiled to provide for the protection of health care workers, and influenza vaccination rates for health care workers are low. To ensure that a high level of care is maintained during a pandemic, health care workers need to be provided with appropriate protection. This can be accomplished if hospitals stockpile antiviral agents designated for the treatment and prophylaxis of health care workers with patient contact and their families.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:55-61)
Simulation of friction stir welding using industrial robots
Authors: Bres Antoine , Monsarrat Bruno , Dubourg Laurent , Birglen Lionel , Perron Claude , Jahazi Mohammad , Baron Luc 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish a model‐based framework allowing the simulation, analysis and optimization of friction stir welding (FSW) processes of metallic structures using industrial robots, with a particular emphasis on the assembly of aircraft components made of aerospace aluminum alloys.Design/methodology/approachAfter a first part of the work dedicated to the kinetostatic and dynamical identification of the robotic mechanical system, a complete analytical model of the robotized process is developed, incorporating a dynamic model of the industrial robot, a multi‐axes macroscopic visco‐elastic model of the FSW process and a force/position control unit of the system. These different modules are subsequently implemented in a high‐fidelity multi‐rate dynamical simulation.FindingsThe developed simulation infrastructure allowed the research team to analyze and understand the dynamic interaction between the industrial robot, the control architecture and the manufacturing process involving heavy load cases in different process configurations. Several critical process‐induced perturbations such as tool oscillations and lateral/rotational deviations are observed, analyzed, and quantified during the simulated operations.Practical implicationsThe presented simulation platform will constitute one of the key technology enablers in the major research initiative carried out by NRC Aerospace in their endeavor to develop a robust robotic FSW platform, allowing both the development of optimal workcell layouts/process parameters and the validation of advanced real‐time control laws for robust handling of critical process‐induced perturbations. These deliverables will be incorporated in the resulting robotic FSW technology packaged for deployment in production environments.Originality/valueThe paper establishes the first model‐based framework allowing the high‐fidelity simulation, analysis and optimization of FSW processes using serial industrial robots.
Kinematic characterisation of hexapods for industry
Authors: Blaise Julien , Bonev Ilian , Monsarrat Bruno , Briot Sébastien , Michel Lambert Jason , Perron Claude 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose two simple tools for the kinematic characterization of hexapods. The paper also aims to share the experience of converting a popular commercial motion base (Stewart‐Gough platform, hexapod) to an industrial robot for use in heavy duty aerospace manufacturing processes.Design/methodology/approachThe complete workspace of a hexapod is a six‐dimensional entity that is impossible to visualize. Thus, nearly all hexapod manufacturers simply state the extrema of each of the six dimensions, which is very misleading. As a compromise, a special 3D subset of the complete workspace is proposed, an approximation of which can be readily obtained using a computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) software suite, such as computer‐aided 3D interactive application (CATIA). While calibration techniques for serial robots are readily available, there is still no generally agreed procedure for calibrating hexapods. The paper proposes a simple calibration method that relies on the use of a laser tracker and requires no programming at all. Instead, the design parameters of the hexapod are directly and individually measured and the few computations involved are performed in a CAD/CAM software such as CATIA.FindingsThe conventional octahedral hexapod design has a very limited workspace, though free of singularities. There are important deviations between the actual and the specified kinematic model in a commercial motion base.Practical implicationsA commercial motion base can be used as a precision positioning device with its controller retrofitted with state‐of‐the‐art motion control technology with accurate workspace and geometric characteristics.Originality/valueA novel geometric approach for obtaining meaningful measures of the workspace is proposed. A novel, systematic procedure for the calibration of a hexapod is outlined. Finally, experimental results are presented and discussed.
Strategies for revitalization for intelligent robot industry in Korea based on structural equation model
Authors: Young Sohn So , Jae Kim Man 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the government's role in boosting the utilization of intelligent robot by considering government support policies along with various other factors, which are potentially influential. This type of investigation will contribute for developing a domestic robot infrastructure in Korea.Design/methodology/approachA structural equation model is used to investigate the relation among various factors that have a potential influence on robot utilization. In addition, the Robot Utilization Expectation Index of various user groups is developed. The results obtained from the proposed model are expected to provide important feedback information for productivity innovation at the level of both the individual user and the company.FindingsAccording to the results, the robot function has the highest direct effect on the Robot Utilization Expectation, but excessive policies implemented simultaneously by the Korean Government are not effective on revitalization of the robot industry. It is interesting to note that government policy has the highest indirect effect on robot utilization expectation. Therefore, it is proposed that the government should act as a mediator and focus on fewer policies rather than enforcing various policies simultaneously by different organizations.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough, a focused group consisting of those who are knowledgeable about intelligent robots is surveyed, a limitation to the paper lies in analyzing a relatively small data set. An extended survey with a larger data set remains for future study.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications, which contribute towards stimulating the robot industry in Korea.Originality/valueThe proposed model is expected to provide important information for productivity innovation at both the individual user and company levels.
Modular production – a 45‐year‐old concept
Authors: Starr Martin K. 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to update an article written by the author in the Harvard Business Review almost 50 years ago.Design/methodology/approachThe paper evaluates the present status of the phenomena of modularity (for both product and service components). This is done by reviewing all existing literature on multitudinous facets of the subject and discussing applications with practitioners.FindingsModularity remains a splintered concept, perhaps because so many different types of application exist. Heterogeneity stymies systemization. Nevertheless, successful applications exist. This International Journal of Operations & Production Management, dedicated to modularity, testifies to significant facets of accomplishment and continued challenges (e.g. optimum shoe sizing and modular construction). Also, production managers have not become boardroom planners (as was expected 45 years ago). Potential cost savings of modularity do not occur because off‐shoring provided another way to dramatically lower production costs – albeit at the expense of quality problems.Practical implicationsAll management functions participate in modularity issues. Though marketing does not thrive in a commodity‐environment, it has not advocated modularity as a way to offset commoditization nor as a means of improving quality. Finance has been the cheer leader for off‐shore decisions, but a tipping point may be in sight (i.e. recognizing the hidden costs of off‐shore seduction).Social implicationsIf mass customization, using modularity, develops economic clout, it is likely that production will switch from overseas to domestic bases. The impact on domestic economies will be significant.Originality/valueThe link between modularity and off‐shoring needs to be recognized, researched, and discussed.
Bundling resources across supply chain dyads
Authors: Gomes Paulo J. , Dahab Sonia 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how firms are redesigning the organizational architecture of supply chains, bundling and unbundling resources, sharing information and coordinating flows in order to facilitate capability partitioning. It aims to analyze how process interdependencies are managed either through modularity or coordination mechanisms. The paper is anchored in the emergent theory of modularity, a transaction cost‐based perspective of modular systems.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts the case study methodology. It uses an in‐depth case study of Logoplaste, a global supplier of plastic packaging, in particular investigating how the firm organizes supply chain activities around an integration mode designated as “hole‐in‐the‐wall.”FindingsIn a context of high process interdependence the firm has developed a coordination capability, an ability to manage the interfaces at minimum cost either by modularizing the process or defining appropriate coordination mechanisms. This capability becomes a core competence of the firm that enables it to further appropriate rents that lie at process interfaces.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study method limits the generalization of the findings, but allows more depth in the analysis of the proposed framework.Practical implicationsAs the complexity of sourced components increases firms will need to complement their modular approach to supply chain design with new organizational‐coordination skills and an ability to externalize knowledge. The case study provides several examples of the type of coordination required.Originality/valueThis research adds to the literature on organizational modularity in two distinct ways. First, it focuses on the development of a coordination capability to manage process interdependences rather than the partitioning of technical capabilities across the supply chain. Second, it brings to the discussion of modularity recent developments in transaction cost economics that go beyond the engineering perspective. A coordination capability represents the organization's ability to organize transactions in order to appropriate rents, rather than merely minimize transaction costs.
Platform re‐use lessons from the automotive industry
Authors: Ben Mahmoud‐Jouini Sihem , Lenfle Sylvain 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe platform strategy adopted by firms in a multi‐project context reduces lead‐time and development cost, enhances reliability, allows mass customization and increases manufacturing flexibility. While the major challenges of this strategy have been highlighted, the evolution of the platform and its management during its lifecycle is under studied. The paper address this missing point by considering the sustainability of the platform during its life cycle.Design/methodology/approachFor that purpose, the paper has carried out a field methodology research at a car manufacturer six years after the successful setting of the platform strategy. It analyzes at a fine‐grained level the development of a second generation product on this existing platform.FindingsUsing a model that traces the design decisions taken during this development, it has identified that, in order to reuse the platform over two generations, the engineers implicitly apply, besides the design rules that correspond to the very definition of platform strategy as presented in the literature such as the carry‐over and the lean design, a learning routine that challenges these rules. It designates this routine by “smart reuse” because it enables the reuse of the platform from one generation to another. It highlights the interplay between the products and the platform that co‐evolve by pointing out the reciprocal prescription relationships. This co‐evolution operates through two levels: between the product planning and the platform on one hand and the product development and the platform on the other.Practical implicationsThe paper has several implications, such as the central role of the platform director in the platform reuse and the platform architecture, mainly its modularity, and its impact on the platform progressive renewal. This research reveals ideas that need to be validated and tested through other methods and in other industrial contexts.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into platform‐re‐use, focusing on the automotive industry.
New workers, new workplace? Getting the balance right
Authors: Cunningham John 
Published: January 2010

PurposeWith more and more digital natives entering the workplace, this paper looks to advise business about how they can implement successful social media strategiesDesign/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the article in contextFindingsWith many companies just starting to appreciate how social media can fit into their business, new graduates have a huge role to play in passing on their digital fluencyPractical implicationsThis paper provides practical advise about how to implement and manage social media strategies.Social implicationsSocial networking opens many doors. Whilst in the past networks were built through the exchange of business cards and face‐to‐face meetings, this has transferred to the digital sphere.Originality/valueThis is an original paper drafted for the readers of Strategic Direction. Social networking is a new channel of communication that businesses are taking advantage of, but they need to get the balance right.
Avoiding rework in product design: evidence from the aerospace industry
Authors: Dostaler Isabelle 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study commissioned by an aircraft producer that is concerned about the efficiency of its new product development process and the high number of engineering changes generated during aerospace programs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on nine structural design projects and explores the factors explaining the inter‐project differences in the number of engineering changes required after the structural drawings are released to the methods department. The method of inquiry used in this paper combines questionnaire‐based measurement of design performance with in‐depth semi‐structured interviews of managers and designers.FindingsThe research results suggest that, in an industrial context where both time pressure and labour shortage are considerable, design practices such as functional diversity, intense communication, collocation and strong project leadership, are associated with higher design performance. Furthermore, in a specific organizational context where the design work is divided among various companies located in different regions, effective partner integration is another key success factor.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the strength of the findings is inevitably limited by the small number of observations, the results raise some important questions about the effect of time pressure and labour shortage on product development performance.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that design performance is likely to increase if the production sustaining phase is actively promoted within aerospace companies, since this activity provides designers with considerable learning opportunities.Originality/valueUsing sensitive internal data on engineering changes and rich qualitative material, this paper indicates how design performance can be improved in organizations that tend to rely on design rework and other safety nets to achieve their quality objectives and comply with industry regulations.