bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmet needs in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a longitudinal perspective
Authors: Landolt K. , Rössler W. , Burns T. , Ajdacic-Gross V. , Galderisi S. , Libiger J. , Naber D. , Derks E. M. , Kahn R. S. , Fleischhacker W. W. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify the course of unmet needs by patients with a first episode of schizophrenia and to determine associated variables.MethodWe investigated baseline assessments in the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) and also follow-up interviews at 6 and 12 months. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify patient groups based on individual differences in the development of unmet needs. Multinomial logistic regression determined the predictors of group membership.ResultsFour classes were identified. Three differed in their baseline levels of unmet needs whereas the fourth had a marked decrease in such needs. Main predictors of class membership were prognosis and depression at baseline, and the quality of life and psychosocial intervention at follow-up. Depression at follow-up did not vary among classes.ConclusionsWe identified subtypes of patients with different courses of unmet needs. Prognosis of clinical improvement was a better predictor for the decline in unmet needs than was psychopathology. Needs concerning social relationships were particularly persistent in patients who remained high in their unmet needs and who lacked additional psychosocial treatment.
Abnormal anterior cingulate cortical activity during emotional n-back task performance distinguishes bipolar from unipolar depressed females
Authors: Bertocci M. A. , Bebko G. M. , Mullin B. C. , Langenecker S. A. , Ladouceur C. D. , Almeida J. R. C. , Phillips M. L. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundDepression in the context of bipolar disorder (BDd) is often misdiagnosed as unipolar disorder depression (UDd) leading to poor clinical outcomes for many bipolar sufferers. We examined neural circuitry supporting emotion regulation in females with either BDd or UDd as a first stage toward identifying biomarkers that may differentiate BDd from UDd.MethodFifty-seven females aged 18–45 years participated in this study: 23 with UDd, 18 with bipolar disorder type I depression (BDId) and 16 healthy females. During 3-T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the participants performed an emotional face n-back (EFNBACK) task, that is an n-back task with high (2-back) and low (0-back) memory load conditions flanked by two positive, negative or neutral face distracters. This paradigm examines executive control with emotional distracters–emotion regulation.ResultsHigh memory load with neutral face distracters elicited greater bilateral and left dorsal anterior midcingulate cortex (dAMCC) activity in UDd than in healthy and BDId females respectively, and greater bilateral putamen activity in both depressed groups versus healthy females. High memory load with happy face distracters elicited greater left putamen activity in UDd than in healthy females. Psychotropic medication was associated with greater putamen activity to these contrasts in UDd females.ConclusionsDuring high memory load with neutral face distracters, elevated dAMCC activity in UDd suggests abnormal recruitment of attentional control circuitry to maintain task performance, whereas elevated putamen activity unrelated to psychotropic medication in BDId females may suggest an attentional bias toward ambiguous neutral face distracters. Differential patterns of functional abnormalities in neural circuitry supporting attentional control during emotion regulation, especially in the dAMCC, is a promising neuroimaging measure to distinguish UDd from BDId in females.
Using TIMED/SABER nightglow observations to investigate hydroxyl emission mechanisms in the mesopause region
Authors: Xu Jiyao , Gao Hong , Smith Anne K. , Zhu Yajun 
Published: November 2011

Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED)/Sounding of the Atmosphere Using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) observations of vertical profiles of the OH nightglow emission rates, temperature, and ozone are used along with a theoretical model of the OH nightglow to distinguish the dominant mechanism for the nightglow. From the comparison between the model fit and the observations we conclude that the chemical reaction O3 + H→OH(v ≤ 9) + O2 leads to population distributions of vibrationally excited states that are consistent with the measurements. The contribution of the reaction HO2 + O→OH(v ≤ 6) + O2 to the nightglow is not needed to reproduce the measurements above 80 km, at least for the emissions originating from vibrational transitions with v ≥ 4. The analysis also determines the best fits for quenching of OH(v) by O2 and O. The results show that the quenching rate of OH(v) by O2 is smaller and that the removal by O is larger than currently used for the analysis of SABER data. The rate constant for OH(v) quenching by O2 decreases with temperature in the mesopause region. The vertical profiles of atomic oxygen and hydrogen retrieved using both 2.0 and 1.6 μm channels of Meinel band emission of the OH nightglow and the new quenching rates are slightly smaller than the profiles retrieved using only the 2.0 μm channel and the quenching rate coefficients currently used for the analysis of SABER data. The fits of the model to the observations were also used to evaluate two other assumptions. The assumption of sudden death quenching of OH by O2 and N2 (i.e., quenching to the ground state rather than to intermediate vibrational levels) leads to poorer agreement with the SABER observations. The question of whether the reaction with or quenching by atomic oxygen depends on the OH vibrational level could not be resolved; assumptions of vibrational level dependence and independence both gave good fits to the observed emissions.
Structural requirements for the binding affinity of some small, non–peptide C5a receptor antagonists
Authors: Xie Haiying , Wang Weiming , Xie Ziqiang , Chen Hong , Chen Kexian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractComplement anaphylatoxin 5a (C5a) has been recognized as a potent therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory therapy, thus, blocking the action of C5a on its binding receptors may provide an effective treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, there have been few clinically available non-peptide C5a receptor antagonists disclosed at present. In pursuit of better anti-inflammatory drugs, quantitative structure–activity relationship studies were carried out in a series of non-peptide C5a receptor antagonists with binding activity using different physicochemical descriptors. The conventional best 2D-QSAR models were developed using a training set of 35 molecules and an external test set of 8 molecules by genetic function approximation (GFA) and stepwise multiple linear regression (Stepwise-MLR) with acceptable r^2^ of 0.773 and 0.863, r^2^~CV~ of 0.752 and 0.775, and r^2^~pred~ of 0.801 and 0.888, respectively, indicating binding activity strongly depends on thermodynamic properties as expressed by the hydrophobicity of molecules.
Chromobility: the rapid movement of chromosomes in interphase nuclei
Authors: Bridger Joanna M. 
Published: November 2011

There are an increasing number of studies reporting the movement of gene loci and whole chromosomes to new compartments within interphase nuclei. Some of the movements can be rapid, with relocation of parts of the genome within less than 15 min over a number of microns. Some of these studies have also revealed that the activity of motor proteins such as actin and myosin are responsible for these long-range movements of chromatin. Within the nuclear biology field, there remains some controversy over the presence of an active nuclear acto–myosin motor in interphase nuclei. However, both actin and myosin isoforms are localized to the nucleus, and there is a requirement for rapid and directed movements of genes and whole chromosomes and evidence for the involvement of motor proteins in this relocation. The presence of nuclear motors for chromatin movement is thus an important and timely debate to have.
When Imitation Doesn’t Flatter: The Role of Consumer Distinctiveness in Responses to Mimicry
Authors: White Katherine , Argo Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In a series of four experiments, the authors examine the implications of one consumer’s possession being mimicked by another consumer. The results demonstrate that when distinctiveness concerns are heightened, greater dissociation responses (i.e., possession disposal intentions, recustomization behaviors, and exchange behaviors) arise in response to being mimicked by a similar as opposed to dissimilar other. These effects are driven by threats to distinctiveness. Finally, these effects are mitigated when the imitated possession is nonsymbolic in nature and when a low degree of effort is exerted to initially obtain the possession. Implications for marketers and consumers are discussed.
One Year of Caloric Restriction in Humans: Feasibility and Effects on Body Composition and Abdominal Adipose Tissue
Authors: Racette Susan B. , Weiss Edward P. , Villareal Dennis T. , Arif Hassan , Steger-May Karen , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Fontana Luigi , Klein Samuel , Holloszy John O. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background. Caloric restriction (CR) increases maximal life span in short-lived organisms, and its effects are being explored in nonhuman primates. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of prolonged CR in nonobese adults and to compare the effects of CR- and exercise-induced weight loss on body composition and abdominal adiposity.
Methods. A randomized, controlled trial was conducted with 48 healthy, nonobese women and men, aged 57 ± 1 (mean ± standard error [SE]) years, with body mass index 27.3 ± 0.3 kg/m2. Participants were randomly assigned to a 20% calorically-restricted diet (CR, n = 19), exercise designed to produce a similar energy deficit (EX, n = 19), or a healthy lifestyle control group (HL, n = 10) for 1 year. Assessments included weight, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, abdominal adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging, and energy intake by doubly labeled water.
Results. The average level of CR achieved by the CR group was 11.5 ± 2.1%, and the EX group completed 59 ± 6.7% of their prescribed exercise. Weight changes were greater (p ≤.0005) in the CR (−8.0 ± 0.9 kg) and EX (−6.4 ± 0.9) groups as compared to the HL group (−1.3 ± 0.9 kg), corresponding to reductions of 10.7%, 8.4%, and 1.7% of baseline weights, respectively. Whole-body fat mass and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue decreased significantly (p &lt;.005) and comparably in the CR and EX groups, but did not change in the HL group.
Conclusions. CR for 1 year was feasible, but the level of CR achieved was less than prescribed. CR and exercise were equally effective in reducing weight and adiposity.
Effect of Alzheimer Caregiving Stress and Age on Frailty Markers Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, and D-Dimer
Authors: von Känel Roland , Dimsdale Joel E. , Mills Paul J. , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Patterson Thomas L. , Mausbach Brent T. , Grant Igor 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background. Elevated plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer belong to the biological alterations of the “frailty syndrome,” defining increased vulnerability for diseases and mortality with aging. We hypothesized that, compatible with premature frailty, chronic stress and age are related in predicting inflammation and coagulation activity in Alzheimer caregivers.
Methods. Plasma IL-6, CRP, and D-dimer levels were measured in 170 individuals (mean age 73 ± 9 years; 116 caregivers, 54 noncaregiving controls). Demographic factors, diseases, drugs, and lifestyle variables potentially affecting inflammation and coagulation were obtained by history and adjusted for as covariates in statistical analyses.
Results. Caregivers had higher mean levels of IL-6 (1.38 ± 1.42 vs 1.00 ± 0.92 pg/mL, p =.032) and of D-dimer (723 ± 530 vs 471 ± 211 ng/mL, p &lt;.001) than controls had. CRP levels were similar between groups (p =.44). The relationship between caregiver status and D-dimer was independent of covariates (p =.037) but affected by role overload. Age accounted for much of the relationship with IL-6. After controlling for covariates, the interaction between caregiver status and age was significant for D-dimer (β =.20, p =.029) and of borderline significance for IL-6 (β =.17, p =.090). Post hoc regression analyses indicated that, among caregivers, age was significantly correlated with both D-dimer (β =.50, p &lt;.001) and IL-6 (β =.38, p =.001). Among controls, however, no significant relationship was observed between age and either D-dimer or IL-6.
Conclusions. The interaction between caregiving status and age for D-dimer and IL-6 suggests the possibility that older caregivers could be at risk of a more rapid transition to the frailty syndrome and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases.
Informal Caregiver Involvement and Illness Detection Among Cognitively Impaired Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Port Cynthia Lindman 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background. The participation of informal caregivers in the care of nursing home (NH) residents has the potential to positively impact care, especially for cognitively impaired residents whose own ability to advocate for their care is often limited. This study examined relationships between the level of informal caregiver involvement (ICI) in the NH and the degree to which residents' common medical conditions were detected by facility staff.
Methods. One hundred pairs of cognitively impaired residents and their primary informal caregivers were enrolled from three facilities in the Baltimore, Maryland area. Data collection involved interviews with informal caregivers and facility staff, as well as a medical evaluation and chart review of residents. A measure of illness detection was created by comparing a medical examination of the resident with chart review information. ICI was measured via staff rating and informal caregiver self-report.
Results. Correlations between illness detection and ICI were significant, with r = −.46 (p <.001) and r = −.39 (p <.001), for staff rating and self-reports, respectively. In regression models taking into account resident characteristics (age, race, gender, comorbidities, payment status, duration of stay, and cognitive impairment) and facility differences, higher ICI and being female predicted higher rates of illness detection.
Conclusions. Though the cross-sectional nature of the study prevents the analysis of causal relationships, the involvement level of informal caregivers in the NH care of cognitively impaired residents was statistically related to higher rates of illness detection. Ramifications for the role of informal caregivers in long-term care are discussed.
Year-Long Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Japanese Adults: Cross-Sectional Data From the Nakanojo Study
Authors: Park Sungjin , Park Hyuntae , Togo Fumiharu , Watanabe Eiji , Yasunaga Akitomo , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro , Shephard Roy J. , Aoyagi Yukitoshi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background. We determined associations between habitual physical activity and metabolic syndrome in elderly persons.
Methods. Pedometer/accelerometers measured step count and activity intensity on a 24-hour basis in 220 free-living Japanese persons 65–84 years old throughout an entire year. At year end, participants were screened for metabolic syndrome (modified criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III [NCEP-ATP III]).
Results. Most individuals 65–74 years old who took &gt;10,000 steps/d and/or spent &gt;30 min/d of activity &gt;3 metabolic equivalents (METs) had ≤2 metabolic syndrome diagnostic markers, as did those 75–84 years old with &gt;8000 steps/d and/or &gt;20 min/d at &gt;3 METs. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that the risk of metabolic syndrome was 4.3 (1.6–11.7) and 3.3 (1.3–8.8) times greater in the least active quartiles of participants (taking &lt;4700 steps/d and spending &lt;9 min/d at &gt;3 METs, respectively) relative to the most active quartiles (taking &gt;8500 steps/d and spending &gt;24 min/d at &gt;3 METs, respectively).
Conclusions. The metabolic syndrome is less likely in elderly people taking &gt;8000–10,000 steps/d, and reaching an intensity &gt;3 METs for &gt;20–30 min/d, relative to their sedentary peers.
Life at the Extreme Limit: Phenotypic Characteristics of Supercentenarians in Okinawa
Authors: Willcox D. Craig , Willcox Bradley J. , Wang Nien-Chiang , He Qimei , Rosenbaum Matthew , Suzuki Makoto 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background. As elite representatives of the rapidly increasing “oldest-old” population, centenarians have become an important model population for understanding human aging. However, as we are beginning to understand more about this important phenotype, another demographic group of even more elite survivors is emerging—so-called “supercentenarians” or those who survive 110-plus years. Little is known about these exceptional survivors.
Methods. We assessed the Okinawa Centenarian Study (OCS) database for all information on supercentenarians. The database includes dates of birth and year of death for all residents of Okinawa 99 years old or older and a yearly geriatric assessment of all centenarians who consented, enabling prospective study of age-related traits. Of 20 potential supercentenarians identified, 15 had agreed to participate in the OCS interview, physical examination, and blood draw. Of these 15, 12 (3 men and 9 women) met our age validation criteria and were accepted as supercentenarians. Phenotypic variables studied include medical and social history, activities of daily living (ADLs), and clinical phenotypes (physiology, hematology, biochemistry, and immunology).
Results. Age at death ranged from 110 to 112 years. The majority of supercentenarians had minimal clinically apparent disease until late in life, with cataracts (42%) and fractures (33%) being common and coronary heart disease (8%), stroke (8%), cancer (0%), and diabetes (0%) rare or not evident on clinical examination. Functionally, most supercentenarians were independent in ADLs at age 100 years, and few were institutionalized before the age of 105 years. Most had normal clinical parameters at age 100 years, but by age 105 exhibited multiple clinical markers of frailty coincident with a rapid ADL decline.
Conclusion. Supercentenarians displayed an exceptionally healthy aging phenotype where clinically apparent major chronic diseases and disabilities were markedly delayed, often beyond age 100. They had little clinical history of cardiovascular disease and reported no history of cancer or diabetes. This phenotype is consistent with a more elite phenotype than has been observed in prior studies of centenarians. The genetic and environmental antecedents of this exceptionally healthy aging phenotype deserve further study.
Multidimensional Geriatric Assessment: Back to the Future Cost-Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Intervention Model for Community-Dwelling Frail Older People
Authors: Melis René J. F. , Adang Eddy , Teerenstra Steven , van Eijken Monique I. J. , Wimo Anders , Achterberg Theo van , Lisdonk Eloy H. van de , Rikkert Marcel G. M. Olde 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background.  There is growing interest in geriatric care for community-dwelling older people. There are, however, relatively few reports on the economics of this type of care. This article reports about the cost-effectiveness of the Dutch Geriatric Intervention Program (DGIP) compared to usual care in frail older people at 6-month follow-up from a health care system's point of view.
Methods.  We conducted this economic evaluation in an observer-blind randomized controlled trial (Dutch EASYcare Study: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00105378). Difference in treatment effect was calculated as the difference in proportions of successfully treated patients (prevented functional decline accompanied by improved well-being). Incremental treatment costs were calculated as the difference in mean total care costs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was expressed as total cost per successful treatment. Bootstrap methods were used to determine confidence intervals (CI) for these measures.
Results.  The average cost of the intervention under study (DGIP) was 998 euros (95% CI, 888–1108). The increment in total cost resulting from DGIP was a little over 761 euros (−3336 to 4687). Hospitalization and institutionalization costs were less; home care, adult day care, and meals-on-wheels costs were higher. There was a significant difference in proportions of successful treatments of 22.3% (4.3–41.4). The number needed to treat was approximately 4.7 (2.3–18.0). The ICER is 3418 euros per successful treatment (−21,458 to 45,362). The new treatment is cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay of 34,000 euros.
Conclusion. The results of this economic evaluation suggest that DGIP is an effective addition to primary care for frail older people at a reasonable cost.
Aging and Numerosity Estimation
Authors: Lemaire Patrick , Lecacheur Mireille 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In two experiments, young and older participants were asked to find the approximate number of dots in collections including between 40 and 460 dots. Experiment 1 showed that both age groups had comparable performance and no age-related differences in the power-function exponents for numerosity. Experiment 2 found that these age-related similarities were not due to speed–accuracy trade-offs or to compensation by older adults for potential age-related decline in numerosity estimation processes. Furthermore, young and older participants' estimation performance was influenced by physical features of stimuli only for very large numerosities, presumably because these are poorly represented in long-term memory. Implications of these findings for the further understanding of how participants accomplish numerosity estimation tasks and effects of aging in this domain are discussed.
Improving management decisions by predicting fish bycatch in the Barents Sea shrimp fishery
Authors: Aldrin Magne , Mortensen Bjørnar , Storvik Geir , Nedreaas Kjell , Aglen Asgeir , Aanes Sondre 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Aldrin, M., Mortensen, B., Storvik, G., Nedreaas, K., Aglen, A., and Aanes, S. 2012. Improving management decisions by predicting fish bycatch in the Barents Sea shrimp fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 64–74. When the bycatch of juvenile fish within the Barents Sea shrimp fishery is too large, the area is closed to fishing for a certain period. Bycatch is estimated from sampled trawl hauls, for which the shrimp yield is recorded, along with the total number of various bycatch fish species. At present, bycatch estimation is based on a simple estimator, the sum of the number of fish caught within the area of interest within a small time window, divided by the corresponding shrimp yield (in weight). No historical data are used. A model-based estimation is proposed in which spatio-temporal models are constructed for the variation in both the yield of shrimp and the amount of bycatch in space and time. The main effects are described through generalized additive models, and local dependence structures are specified through correlated random effects. Model estimation includes historical and recent data. Experiments with both simulated and real data show that the model-based estimator outperforms the present simple estimator when a low or moderate number of samples (e.g. <20) is available, whereas the two estimators are equally good when the number of samples is high.