bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representations of hysterectomy as a transition process in Finnish women’s and health magazines
Authors: Nykanen Kaisa , Suominen Tarja , Nikkonen Merja 
Published: January 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 608–616 Representations of hysterectomy as a transition process in Finnish women’s and health magazinesThe purpose of this article was to describe representations of hysterectomy in Finnish women’s and health magazines. The data used in the study were obtained from six Finnish women’s and health magazines. Using content analysis, 42 articles were analysed. We identified two main categories, information about care and treatment and women’s experiences. In the first category, there emerged six subcategories: role of uterus, indications for hysterectomy, operative techniques of hysterectomy, alternative methods of treatment, pros and cons of hysterectomy and patient guidance. The second category consisted of women’s experiences of hysterectomy as a period of transition. The components of the transition theory were confirmed by the women’s stories. We also wanted to highlight the fact that the result shows that nurses were missing from the media coverage regarding hysterectomy.
Wellbeing among people with dementia and their next of kin over a period of 3 years
Authors: Holst Göran , Edberg Anna‐Karin 
Published: January 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 549–557

Wellbeing among people with dementia and their next of kin over a period of 3 years Little is known about the dyadic experience over time of people with dementia and their next of kin. The aim of this study was to investigate the state of mind of people with dementia, their next of kin’s experience of burden and satisfaction, and factors associated with these experiences over a 3‐year period. The sample consisted of 32 people with dementia living at home with family caregivers in the south of Sweden. Data were collected during the period 2004–2007 and consisted of patients self reports (GDS), dementia nurse assessment (MMSE, Berger and ADL) and next‐of‐kin assessment (patient’s state of mind and care provision). Data also consisted of next‐of‐kin’s self reports concerning health, burden and satisfaction. The result showed that patients’ state of mind was mainly positive at baseline but a deterioration was seen over time in the patient’s mood and cognitive functioning together with an increase in ADL‐dependency and suspected depression. Dependency in personal ADL entailed a higher risk of being in a negative state of mind. For next of kin the experience of burden increased while satisfaction decreased over the 3 years. The inter‐relationship between the patients’ mood and the caregiver’s satisfaction and burden seems to get stronger over time. At baseline caregiver burden was mainly related to the next of kins’ general health and to patient behaviours that were difficult to handle. During the progression of the disease caregiver satisfaction becomes increasingly related to patient state of mind and dependency. There is, however, a need for more research focusing on the specific inter‐relational aspects as previous studies have mainly focused on either the situation for the person with dementia or on the caregiver.
Learning to live with illness: experiences of persons with recent diagnoses of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kneck Åsa , Klang Birgitta , Fagerberg Ingegerd 
Published: January 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25: 558–566

Learning to live with illness: experiences of people recently diagnosed with diabetes Background:  The process of learning to live with an illness is complex. By better understanding the learning process for persons with diabetes in the early stage of the illness, the role of the health care can be shown.Aim:  To reach an understanding of how learning to live with diabetes is experienced in the first 2 months after diagnosis.Method:  A qualitative descriptive design was used, and interviews were conducted. Thirteen participants with a recent diagnosis of diabetes were included and asked to narrate about their experience of living with diabetes. Qualitative inductive content analysis was used. Findings: Four themes emerged: ‘taken over by a new reality’, ‘the body plays a role in life’, ‘different ways of learning’ and ‘the healthcare service as a necessary partner’.Conclusion:  People with short‐term experience of the illness gained knowledge through personal resources such as their own experience and self‐reflection. The learning process includes an inner dialogue between the self, the body and the life. Participants were concerned with grasping a new reality and understanding a different self and body where lifestyle changes and uncertainty were present. When health care was accessible and sensitive to their needs, those with short‐term experience of diabetes chose the staff as key players in the early stages of their life with diabetes.
Insights into chemotaxonomic composition and carbon cycling of phototrophic communities in an artesian sulfur‐rich spring (Zodletone, Oklahoma, USA), a possible analog for ancient microbial mat systems
Authors: BÜHRING S. I. , SIEVERT S. M. , JONKERS H. M. , ERTEFAI T. , ELSHAHED M. S. , KRUMHOLZ L. R. , HINRICHS K.‐U. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractZodletone spring in Oklahoma is a unique environment with high concentrations of dissolved‐sulfide (10 mm) and short‐chain gaseous alkanes, exhibiting characteristics that are reminiscent of conditions that are thought to have existed in Earth’s history, in particular the late Archean and early‐to‐mid Proterozoic. Here, we present a process‐oriented investigation of the microbial community in two distinct mat formations at the spring source, (1) the top of the sediment in the source pool and (2) the purple streamers attached to the side walls. We applied a combination of pigment and lipid biomarker analyses, while functional activities were investigated in terms of oxygen production (microsensor analysis) and carbon utilization (13C incorporation experiments). Pigment analysis showed cyanobacterial pigments, in addition to pigments from purple sulfur bacteria (PSB), green sulfur bacteria (GSB) and Chloroflexus‐like bacteria (CLB). Analysis of intact polar lipids (IPLs) in the source sediment confirmed the presence of phototrophic organisms via diacylglycerol phospholipids and betaine lipids, whereas glyceroldialkylglyceroltetraether additionally indicated the presence of archaea. No archaeal IPLs were found in the purple streamers, which were strongly dominated by betaine lipids. 13C‐bicarbonate‐ and ‐acetate‐labeling experiments indicated cyanobacteria as predominant phototrophs in the source sediment, carbon was actively fixed by PSB/CLB/GSB in purple streamers by using near infrared light. Despite the presence of cyanobacteria, no oxygen could be detected in the presence of light, suggesting anoxygenic photosynthesis as the major metabolic process at this site. Our investigations furthermore indicated photoheterotrophy as an important process in both habitats. We obtained insights into a syntrophically operating phototrophic community in an ecosystem that bears resemblance to early Earth conditions, where cyanobacteria constitute an important contributor to carbon fixation despite the presence of high sulfide concentrations.
Inhibitor of PI3Kγ ameliorates TNBS‐induced colitis in mice by affecting the functional activity of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+regulatory T cells
Authors: Dutra RC , Cola M , Leite DFP , Bento AF , Claudino RF , Nascimento AFZ , Leal PC , Calixto JB 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPhosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐γ (PI3Kγ) is implicated in many pathophysiological conditions, and recent evidence has suggested its involvement in colitis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AS605240, a relatively selective PI3Kγ inhibitor, in experimental colitis and its underlying mechanisms.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHAcute colitis was induced in mice by treatment with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS), and the effect of AS605240 on colonic injury was assessed. Pro‐inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by immunohistochemistry,elisa, real time‐polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry.KEY RESULTSOral administration of AS605240 significantly attenuated TNBS‐induced acute colitis and diminished the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and vascular endothelial growth factor. The colonic levels and expression of IL‐1β, CXCL‐1/KC, MIP‐2 and TNF‐α were also reduced following therapeutic treatment with AS605240. Moreover, AS605240 reduced MIP‐2 levels in a culture of neutrophils stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The mechanisms underlying these actions of AS605240 are related to nuclear factor‐κ (NF‐κB) inhibition. Importantly, the PI3Kγ inhibitor also up‐regulated IL‐10, CD25 and FoxP3 expression. In addition, a significant increase in CD25 and FoxP3 expression was found in isolated lamina propria CD4+T cells of AS605240‐treated mice. The effect of AS605240 on Treg induction was further confirmed by showing that concomitantin vivoblockade of IL‐10R significantly attenuated its therapeutic activity.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThese results suggest that AS605240 protects mice against TNBS‐induced colitis by inhibiting multiple inflammatory components through the NF‐κB pathway while simultaneously inducing an increase in the functional activity of CD4+CD25+Treg. Thus, AS605240 may offer a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
The Language of Diplomacy
Authors: GUL ABDULLAH 
Published: January 2011

Is Internet freedom an absolute, universal value like freedom of speech? If there are limits, how and by whom can they be established? Is crying fire or scaling firewalls anymore acceptable in cyberspace than in physical space? What is the impact on the discourse between nations, cultures and individuals?In this section, we gather a collage of comments from various key players from Google to Wikileaks to the US State Department along with comments by one of the most cogent analysts of the Net and the president of Turkey.
The Splintering of the G‐20
Authors: KENNEDY PAUL 
Published: January 2011

The solidarity of the G‐20 nations in staving off global financial crisis two years ago has deteriorated into a brawl over currency valuations, trade imbalances and sovereign debt, reflecting the great powershift from the West to the East and the emerging economies.In this section, we invited comments from historians, a former head of state who successfully navigated the Asian financial crisis and a prominent Chinese dissident.
The Long‐term Solution for Europe
Authors: ATTALI JACQUES , PAMBOUKIS HARIS 
Published: January 2011

The solidarity of the G‐20 nations in staving off global financial crisis two years ago has deteriorated into a brawl over currency valuations, trade imbalances and sovereign debt, reflecting the great powershift from the West to the East and the emerging economies.In this section, we invited comments from historians, a former head of state who successfully navigated the Asian financial crisis and a prominent Chinese dissident.
The Next 40 Years Will Be the Most Important in History
Authors: MORRIS IAN 
Published: January 2011

The solidarity of the G‐20 nations in staving off global financial crisis two years ago has deteriorated into a brawl over currency valuations, trade imbalances and sovereign debt, reflecting the great powershift from the West to the East and the emerging economies.In this section, we invited comments from historians, a former head of state who successfully navigated the Asian financial crisis and a prominent Chinese dissident.
Terminal Arteriolar Network Structure/Function and Plasma Cytokine Levels in db/db and ob/ob Mouse Skeletal Muscle
Authors: GEORGI MELISSA K. , VIGILANCE JACQUELINE , DEWAR ANTHONY M. , FRAME MARY D. 
Published: January 2011

Please cite this paper as: Georgi, Vigilance, Dewar, and Frame (2011). Terminal Arteriolar Network Structure/Function and Plasma Cytokine Levels in db/db and ob/ob Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Microcirculation 18(3), 238–251.AbstractObjective:  To investigate the terminal arteriolar network structure and function in relation to circulating plasma cytokine levels in db/db, ob/ob, and their genetic background control, C57/bl6, mice.Methods:  Arteriolar network size and erythrocyte distribution were observed in the resting cremaster muscle (n = 45, pentobarbital 50 mg/kg i.p.). Structural remodeling and inflammatory state were related to 21 plasma cytokine levels.Results:  db/db networks were shorter, had fewer branches, and smaller diameters than C57/bl6 controls. ob/ob networks were longer, with similar branch numbers, however with non‐uniform diameters. Shunting of erythrocytes to the specific terminal arteriolar branches of the network (functional rarefaction) was prominent in db/db and ob/ob, with further evidence of shunting between networks seen as no flow to 50% of ob/ob arteriolar networks.Conclusions:  Altered levels of plasma cytokines are consistent with structural remodeling seen in db/db, and a pro‐inflammatory state for both db/db and ob/ob. Differences in network structure alone predict overall reduced uniform oxygen delivery in db/db or ob/ob. Shunting probably increases heterogeneous oxygen delivery and is strain‐dependent.
Intraguild interactions among generalist predator functional groups drive impact on herbivore and decomposer prey
Authors: Sanders Dirk , Schaefer Matthias , Platner Christian , Griffiths Georgianne J. K. 
Published: January 2011

Different functional groups of generalist predators may complement each other in controlling prey populations; but intraguild interactions, common among generalist predators, may also reduce the strength of top–down control. In natural communities greater alterations to ecosystem function are expected if a whole functional group declines in abundance or is lost. Therefore studying functional group diversity is important for predicting effects of predator loss. We studied the top–down impact of web‐building spiders, hunting spiders and ants, which are highly abundant generalist predators in most terrestrial ecosystems, on prey from the herbivore and decomposer system of a grassland food web. The density of the three predator groups was manipulated by continuous removal in a three‐factorial designed field experiment, which was carried out for two years.We found no positive effect of increasing predator functional group richness on prey control. However there was evidence for strong composition effects between the functional groups. The presence of ants in predator assemblages reduced the prey suppression through mostly trait‐mediated intraguild interactions, while hunting and web‐building spiders contributed additively to prey suppression and reduced the density of herbivore and decomposer prey by 50–60%. A trophic cascade on plant biomass triggered by web‐builders and hunting spiders was diminished at levels of higher predator group diversity.In conclusion, our experiments showed that intraguild interactions strongly influence the strength of top–down control by generalist predators. Among spiders there was evidence for a positive relation between functional group richness and prey suppression but the overall outcome strongly depended on the occurrence of interference, driven by trait‐mediated indirect interactions.
Effect of dentin etching and chlorhexidine application on metalloproteinase‐mediated collagen degradation
Authors: Osorio Raquel , Yamauti Mónica , Osorio Estrella , Ruiz‐Requena María E. , Pashley David , Tay Franklin , Toledano Manuel 
Published: January 2011

Osorio R, Yamauti M, Osorio E, Ruiz‐Requena ME, Pashley D, Tay F, Toledano M. Effect of dentin etching and chlorhexidine application on metalloproteinase‐mediated collagen degradation.

Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119: 79–85. © 2011 Eur J Oral Sci Dentin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the degradation of collagen in resin–dentin interfaces. This study evaluated whether collagen degradation can be prevented by chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) after different dentin demineralization procedures. The demineralization of human dentin was performed with phosphoric acid (PA), EDTA or acidic monomers (Clearfil SE Bond and Xeno V). Specimens were stored (for 24 h, or for 1 or 3 wk) in the presence or absence of CHX. In half of the groups, active MMP‐2 was incorporated into the storage solution. At the end of each storage period, the C‐terminal telopeptide (ICTP) concentration (which indicates the amount of collagen degradation) was measured in the storage solution. Collagen degradation was higher in PA‐ and EDTA‐demineralized dentin. Chlorhexidine digluconate reduced collagen degradation in these groups only for 24 h. When dentin was demineralized with Clearfil SE Bond or Xeno V, collagen degradation was reduced by up to 30%, but the addition of exogenous MMP‐2 significantly increased collagen degradation. In self‐etchant‐treated dentin, the inhibitory effect of CHX on MMPs lasted for up to 3 wk. Treating dentin with EDTA, PA or self‐etching agents produces enough demineralization to permit cleavage of the exposed collagen. Monomer infiltration may exert protection on demineralized collagen, probably through immobilization of MMPs. The partial inhibitory action of CHX on MMP activity produced by self‐etching adhesives was prolonged compared with the short‐acting PA‐ or EDTA‐treated dentin.
Effect of diabetes on orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse model
Authors: Braga Sarah M. G. , de Albuquerque Taddei Silvana R. , Andrade Ildeu , Queiroz‐Junior Celso M. , Garlet Gustavo P. , Repeke Carlos E. , Teixeira Mauro M. , da Silva Tarcília A. 
Published: January 2011

Braga SMG, de Albuquerque Taddei SR, Andrade I Jr, Queiroz‐Junior CM, Garlet GP, Repeke CE, Teixeira MM, da Silva TA. Effect of diabetes on orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse model. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119: 7–14. © 2011 Eur J Oral Sci Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by the remodeling of alveolar bone in response to mechanical loading. Type 1 diabetes results in bone remodeling, suggesting that this disease might affect orthodontic tooth movement. The present study investigated the effects of the diabetic state on orthodontic tooth movement. An orthodontic appliance was placed in normoglycemic (NG), streptozotocin‐induced diabetes (DB), and insulin‐treated DB (IT) C57BL6/J mice. Histomorphometric analysis and quantitative PCR of periodontium were performed. The DB mice exhibited greater orthodontic tooth movement and had a higher number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) ‐positive osteoclasts than NG mice. This was associated with increased expression of factors involved in osteoclast activity and recruitment (Rankl, Csf1, Ccl2, Ccl5, and Tnfa) in DB mice. The expression of osteoblastic markers (Runx2, Ocn, Col1, and Alp) was decreased in DB mice. Reversal of the diabetic state by insulin treatment resulted in morphological findings similar to those of NG mice. These results suggest that the diabetic state up‐regulates osteoclast migration and activity and down‐regulates osteoblast differentiation, resulting in greater orthodontic tooth movement.
Anxiety and depressive disorders and dental fear among adults in Finland
Authors: Pohjola Vesa , Mattila Aino K , Joukamaa Matti , Lahti Satu 
Published: January 2011

Pohjola V, Mattila AK, Joukamaa M, Lahti S. Anxiety and depressive disorders and dental fear among adults in Finland.

Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119: 55–60. © 2011 Eur J Oral Sci We studied the association between dental fear and anxiety or depressive disorders, as well as the comorbidity of dental fear with anxiety and depressive disorders, controlling for socio‐demographic characteristics, dental attendance, and dental health. Nationally representative data on Finnish adults, ≥ 30 yr of age (n = 5,953), were gathered through interviews and clinical examination. Dental fear was measured using the question: ‘How afraid are you of visiting a dentist?’ Anxiety and/or depressive disorders were assessed using a standardized structured psychiatric interview according to criteria presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) (DSM‐IV).Those with depressive disorders, generalized anxiety disorder or social phobia more commonly reported high dental fear than did those without these disorders. When age, gender, education, dental attendance, and the number of decayed, missing, and restored teeth were considered, those with generalized anxiety disorder were more likely to have high dental fear than were participants with neither anxiety nor depressive disorders. The comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders also remained statistically significantly associated with dental fear; those with both depressive and anxiety disorders were more likely to have high dental fear than were those without these disorders. Our findings support the suggestion that some individuals may have a personality that is vulnerable to dental fear.
No evidence for a role ofCRISPLD2in non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in an Italian population
Authors: Girardi Ambra , Martinelli Marcella , Carinci Francesco , Morselli Paolo G. , Caramelli Elisabetta , Scapoli Luca 
Published: January 2011

Girardi A, Martinelli M, Carinci F, Morselli PG, Caramelli E, Scapoli L. No evidence for a role of CRISPLD2 in non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in an Italian population. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119: 102–105. © 2011 Eur J Oral SciNon‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is a malformation with variable phenotypes, resulting from a mixture of genetic and environmental factors. Some studies have supported a role for the 16q24 region and its candidate gene,CRISPLD2, in clefting. A replication study is necessary to confirm these findings. The aim of the present study was to test, by genetic linkage and association analyses, whether the candidate gene,CRISPLD2, represents a risk factor for NSCLP. The analysis of 39 multigenerational families provided formal exclusion of a linkage between NSCLP and theCRISPLD2locus under different genetic models and non‐parametric analyses. The family‐based study of 239 unrelated probands and their parents revealed no association between any particular allele or haplotype and NSCLP. Therefore, the present investigation did not support the hypothesis of the involvement ofCRISPLD2in NSCLP malformation, at least with regard to the Italian population.
Orofacial function and oral health in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bakke Merete , Larsen Stine L. , Lautrup Caroline , Karlsborg Merete 
Published: January 2011

Bakke M, Larsen SL, Lautrup C, Karlsborg M. Orofacial function and oral health in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119: 27–32. © 2011 Eur J Oral Sci No comprehensive study has previously been published on orofacial function in patients with well‐defined Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform an overall assessment of orofacial function and oral health in patients, and to compare the findings with matched control subjects. Fifteen outpatients (nine women and six men, 61–82 yr of age; Hoehn & Yahr Stages 2–4; and with motor impairment ranging from 17 to 61 according to the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, Objective Motor Part III) were examined in their ‘on’ state together with 15 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Orofacial function and oral health were assessed using the Nordic Orofacial Test, masticatory ability, performance and efficiency, oral stereognosis, jaw opening, jaw muscle tenderness, the Oral Health Impact Profile‐49, number of natural teeth, and oral hygiene. Orofacial dysfunction was more prevalent, mastication and jaw opening poorer, and impact of oral health on daily life more negative, in patients with PD than in controls. The results indicate that mastication and orofacial function are impaired in moderate to advanced PD, and with progression of the disease both orofacial and dental problems become more marked. It is suggested that greater awareness of the special needs in PD patients and frequent dental visits are desirable to prevent dental diseases and decay and to support masticatory function.