bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis in Surgical Menopause
Authors: Kabir Farhana , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma 
Published: July 2011

Background: Osteoporosis in both surgical and natural menopausal women are common health hazards all over the world. And the surgical menopausal women may have the greater chance of this disorder than those of natural menopausal women. Objective: To observe osteoporotic changes in both surgical and natural menopausal women in Bangladesh. Method: This Cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka between 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010. A total number of 60 female subjects were included in this study. Among them 30 surgical menopausal women age ranged from 45-55 years were included in the study group (Group B) and 30 natural menopausal women age ranged from 50-60 years were taken as control (Group A). All the menopausal women were selected from Out Patient Department (OPD) of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital. Estimation of serum estrogen level by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) method and T- score was obtained by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of both natural and surgical menopausal women were done. The statistical analysis was done by using appropriate method as applicable. Results: In this study T- score of both spinal and femoral neck bone were significantly (p<0.001) lower in surgical menopausal women than those of natural menopausal women. Again, mean serum estrogen level was significantly (p<0.001) lower in surgical menopausal women than that of natural menopausal women. Conclusion: The present study revealed that surgical menopausal women have greater chance of osteoporosis than those of natural menopausal women. Key words: Menopause; Bone mineral density; Osteoporosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8083 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 39-44
Survey on Medical Records and EHR in Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Croll P. , Li B. , Wong C. P. , Gogia S. , Faud A. , Kwak Y.-S. , Chu S. , Marcelo A. , Chow Y.-H. , Paoin W. , Li Y.-C. J. , Kimura M. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjectives: To clarify health record background information in the Asia-Pacific region, for planning and evaluation of medical information systems.Methods: The survey was carried out in the summer of 2009. Of the 14 APAMI (Asia-Pacific Association for Medical Informatics) delegates 12 responded which were Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Taiwan.Results: English is used for records and education in Australia, Hong Kong, India, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan. Most of the countries/regions are British Commonwealth. Nine out of 12 delegates responded that the second purpose of medical records was for the billing of medical services. Seven out of nine responders to this question answered that the second purpose of EHR (Electronic Health Records) was healthcare cost cutting. In Singapore, a versatile resident ID is used which can be applied to a variety of uses. Seven other regions have resident IDs which are used for a varying range of purposes. Regarding healthcare ID, resident ID is simply used as healthcare ID in Hong Kong, Singapore and Thailand. In most cases, disclosure of medical data with patient’s name identified is allowed only for the purpose of disease control within a legal framework and for disclosure to the patient and referred doctors. Secondary use of medical information with the patient’s identification anonymized is usually allowed in particular cases for specific purposes.Conclusion: This survey on the health record background information has yielded the above mentioned results. This information contributes to the planning and evaluation of medical information systems in the Asia-Pacific region.
Evolution of gynoecium morphology in Old World Papaveroideae: A combined phylogenetic/ontogenetic approach
Authors: Kadereit Joachim W. , Erbar Claudia 
Published: July 2011

• Premise of the study: The correct assessment of homology is an important prerequisite for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships and character evolution. Old World Papaveroideae (Papaver, Meconopsis, Roemeria, Stylomecon) show substantial diversity in gynoecium and capsule morphology. In particular, capsules can have distinct styles (Meconopsis p.p., Stylomecon) or a sessile stigmatic disc (Papaver). Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Old World Papaveroideae had shown that neither taxa with styles nor those with stigmatic discs represent monophyletic lineages. We here investigate whether either styles or stigmatic discs have arisen repeatedly during the diversification of Old World Papaveroideae.• Methods: We investigated gynoecium ontogeny in Papaver rhoeas, P. californicum, Meconopsis cambrica, and Stylomecon heterophylla by scanning electron microscopy for the first time. Our observations were interpreted on the background of a well‐resolved molecular phylogeny of the taxa investigated.• Key results: Papaver rhoeas and P. californicum share the presence of a developmentally complex garland‐like stage in gynoecium ontogeny. The styles of M. cambrica and S. heterophylla result from growth in a ring‐like zone beneath the carpel tips. This zone is also present in Papaver. In M. cambrica, traces of a garland‐like stage can be seen. Style formation and stigma formation begin more or less simultaneously in M. cambrica, but style formation clearly precedes stigma formation in S. heterophylla.• Conclusions: The styles present in M. cambrica and S. heterophylla are considered to have arisen in parallel from ancestors with a stigmatic disc. We speculate that style formation may have been a means to reduce selfing.
Liver Interleukin-8 Messenger RNA Expression and Interferon Sensitivity-Determining Region Mutations Relate to Treatment Response in Hepatitis C 1B
Authors: Lee Chuan-Mo , Yen Yi-Hao , Hung Chao-Hung , Lu Sheng-Nan , Wang Jing-Houng , Wang Jyh-Chwan , Chen Chien-Hung , Kee Kwong-Ming , Hu Tsung-Hui , Changchien Chi-Sin 
Published: July 2011

Background In vitro study has shown that mechanisms for inhibiting interferon (IFN)-α antiviral action by non-structural 5A protein include interaction with IFN-induced RNA-dependent protein kinase and induction of interleukin (IL)-8 expression. Mutations in the non-structural 5A IFN sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) were reported to correlate with sustained virological response (SVR). IL-8 is associated with the inhibition of IFN-α action. We investigated whether pretreatment ISDR mutations and hepatic IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression had an effect on the SVR rate under combination therapy. Methods A total of 53 HCV-1b patients who completed 24 weeks of pegylated-IFN-α2b plus ribavirin, a 24-week follow-up and had enough tissue specimens were enrolled. Liver biopsy was performed within 6 months before antiviral therapy. Hepatic IL-8 mRNA expression was measured by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Results Of 53 patients, 30 exhibited SVR. Multivariate analysis revealed that hepatic IL-8 mRNA expression <1.5x10-4 (OR 6.66, 95% CI 1.77-25.05) and ISDR mutations ≥4 (OR 12.20, 95% CI 1.23-125.00) were independent predictors of SVR. Fibrosis scores and alanine aminotransferase levels were predictive of hepatic IL-8 mRNA expression by multiple linear regression analysis ( r2=0.204). Conclusions SVR to combination therapy in hepatitis C 1b patients was associated with down-regulated hepatic IL-8 mRNA expression and ISDR mutations. Fibrosis scores and alanine aminotransferase levels were predictive of hepatic IL-8 mRNA expression.
L'imaginaire sur le divan
Authors: Jacob Colette 
Published: July 2011

« Imaginaire sur le divan »... titre symbolique qui cherche à montrer l’agencement du travail et de la rencontre analytiques avec l’imaginaire, dans notre pratique. Après avoir précisé l’imaginaire propre à la méthode du rêve-éveillé en psychanalyse, cet article pose la question de la place de l’inconscient et du transfert dans ces thérapies.
OTAN-UE : quel calcul géorgien ?
Authors: Verluise Pierre 
Published: July 2011

Résumé À la suite de la « révolution des roses » (2003), la Géorgie a engagé un processus visant à se rapprocher de l’OTAN, afin de garantir son indépendance vis-à-vis de la Russie. Par rapport à ce projet sécuritaire, les relations de la Géorgie avec l’Union européenne passaient au second plan. La guerre d’août 2008 a contraint Tbilissi à inverser son calendrier. La Russie se trouve en position de bloquer de facto le rapprochement Géorgie-OTAN. Une fois, l’étape de l’ouverture d’un Accord d’Association avec l’UE franchie, la Géorgie pourrait poser sa candidature auprès de l’UE, une perspective qui divise les pays membres. En attendant que ses relations avec l’UE s’éclaircissent, Tbilissi « garde un fer au feu » avec l’OTAN, son objectif étant de donner des gages et de réaliser les réformes nécessaires pour être prête à entrer dans l’UE et/ou dans l’OTAN si la situation stratégique venait à le permettre.
L'importance économique de l'assurance
Authors: Lorenzi Jean-Hervé 
Published: July 2011

Résumé L’assurance des risques liés à la santé représente un enjeu économique et sociétal majeur. La couverture de ces risques permet de financer les dépenses de santé qui représentent une part considérable de la richesse nationale pour les pays développés (11,2 % du PIB en France en 2008 selon l’OCDE). L’évaluation du poids de la couverture santé ne saurait se limiter à une simple comparaison du poids macroéconomique sans distinction de caractéristiques essentielles, se répartissant schématiquement en deux axes : public-privé et obligatoire-volontaire. Sur ces fondements, il est alors possible de proposer une évaluation éclairée de l’évolution à venir de l’importance économique de l’assurance.
Presentation of Type B Peptide–MHC Complexes from Hen Egg White Lysozyme by TLR Ligands and Type I IFNs Independent of H2-DM Regulation
Authors: Strong Beverly S. I. , Unanue Emil R. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In APCs, presentation by MHC II molecules of the chemically dominant peptide from the protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) generates different conformational isomers of the peptide–MHC II complexes (pMHC). Type B pMHCs are formed in early endosomes from exogenous peptides in the absence of H2-DM, whereas in contrast, type A pMHC complexes are formed from HEL protein in late vesicles after editing by H2-DM. Thus, H2-DM edits off the more unstable pMHC complexes, which are not presented from HEL. In this study, we show that type B pMHC complexes were presented from HEL protein only after stimulation of dendritic cells (DC) with TLR ligands or type I IFN. Type I IFN contributed to most TLR ligand-induced type B pMHC generation, as presentation decreased in DC lacking the receptor for type I IFNs (IFNAR1−/−). In contrast, presentation of type A pMHC from HEL and from peptide was minimally affected by TLR ligands. The relative effectiveness of CD8α+ DC or CD8α− DC in presenting type B pMHC complexes varied depending on the TLR ligand used. The mechanisms of generation of type B pMHC from HEL protein with TLR stimulation did not involve H2-DM or release of peptides. DC from H2-DM–deficient mice in the presence of TLR ligands presented type B pMHC. Such DC showed a slight enhancement of HEL catabolism, but peptide release was not evident. Thus, TLR ligands and type I IFN alter the pathways of presentation by MHC II molecules of DC such that type B pMHCs are generated from protein Ag.
Comparison between Local and Regional Anesthesia in Arteriovenous Fistula Creation
Authors: Monte Attilio Ignazio Lo , Damiano Giuseppe , Mularo Antonino , Palumbo Vincenzo Davide , Alessi Rosi , Gioviale Maria Concetta , Spinelli Gabriele , Buscemi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2011

Purpose Assessment of the effectiveness of Brachial Plexus Block (BPB) via axillary approach compared to regional anesthesia for arteriovenous fistula surgery in patients affected by end-stage renal disease. Methods We compared forty patients randomly divided into two groups. Group A underwent BPB procedure with 15 mL ropivacaine 1% and 10 mL of saline (0.9% NaCl) via axillary approach. Group B received local anesthesia with lidocaine 2%. The forearm blood vessels were assessed by Doppler ultrasonography before and after the intervention. Results BPB performed on Group A was associated with a considerable venous dilation and a significant decrease (48.7%, P<.05) in pulsatility index (PI) measured by Doppler ultrasound. In Group B, PI and venous dilation remained unaltered in the postoperative phase. No complications such as thrombosis or occlusion were encountered among patients who underwent BPB. Conclusions The axillary-approached BPB was more advantageous than local anesthesia. Its effectiveness was because of venous dilation and the decrease in the PI, consequent to the reduction in peripheral resistances and the increase in local blood flow, thus offering an ideal background for fistula creation and short-term patency.
Balance, gait, falls, and fear of falling in women with the hypermobility type of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: Rombaut Lies , Malfait Fransiska , De Wandele Inge , Thijs Youri , Palmans Tanneke , De Paepe Anne , Calders Patrick 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate balance, gait, falls, and fear of falling in patients with the hypermobility type of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS‐HT).MethodsTwenty‐two women with EDS‐HT and 22 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy control subjects participated in the study. Each subject performed the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) and the Tandem Stance test (TS) on an AccuGait force platform to assess balance by center of pressure–based postural sway measures. The GAITRite walkway system was used to record spatial–temporal gait variables during 3 walking conditions (single task, cognitive task, and functional task). Data about fall frequency and circumstances were collected by retrospective recall, and fear of falling was assessed by the modified Falls Efficacy Scale.ResultsCompared with healthy subjects, EDS‐HT subjects showed significantly impaired balance, reflected by increased sway velocity, mediolateral and anteroposterior sway excursion, and sway area during mCTSIB and TS. Gait velocity, step length, and stride length were significantly smaller during all walking conditions, and a significant dual‐task–related decrement was found for gait velocity, step and stride length, and cadence in the EDS‐HT subjects compared to the control group. Ninety‐five percent of the patients fell during the past year, and some fear of falling was measured.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study is the first to establish that EDS‐HT is associated with balance and gait impairments, increased fall frequency, and poorer balance confidence, implying a decrease in the safety of standing in everyday life situations. Whether these deficits can be improved by appropriate exercise programs needs to be addressed in future research.
Geometry Working Beyond Effect
Authors: Burry Mark 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWith the onset of fully fledged file‐to‐factory design techniques, why should architects want to restrict themselves to the prescribed limits of descriptive geometry? In this article Mark Burry looks at a specific set of geometries ‐ doubly ruled surfaces ‐ that have been most explicitly developed by ‘structural artists’ Antoni Gaudí, Vladimir Shukhov and Félix Candela. He asks whether the application of doubly ruled surfaces like these might help us to make a significant distinction between architecture and sculpture. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Polarizability of One‐Nanometer‐Thick Oxide Nanosheets for Tailored, High‐κ Nanodielectrics
Authors: Osada Minoru , Takanashi Genki , Li Bao‐Wen , Akatsuka Kosho , Ebina Yasuo , Ono Kanta , Funakubo Hiroshi , Takada Kazunori , Sasaki Takayoshi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn important challenge in current microelectronics research is the development of techniques for making smaller, higher‐performance electronic components. In this context, the fabrication and integration of ultrathin high‐κ dielectrics with good insulating properties is an important issue. Here, we report on a rational approach to produce high‐performance nanodielectrics using one‐nanometer‐thick oxide nanosheets as a building block. In titano niobate nanosheets (TiNbO5, Ti2NbO7, Ti5NbO14), the octahedral distortion inherent to site‐engineering by Nb incorporation results in a giant molecular polarizability, and their multilayer nanofilms exhibit a high dielectric constant (160–320), the largest value seen so far in high‐κ nanofilms with thickness down to 10 nm. Furthermore, these superior high‐κ properties are fairly temperature‐independent with low leakage‐current density (<10−7 A cm−2). This work may provide a new recipe for designing nanodielectrics desirable for practical high‐κ devices.
Protein biostimulant foliar uptake modeling: The impact of climatic conditions
Authors: Pecha Jiří , Fürst Tomáš , Kolomazník Karel , Friebrová Veronika , Svoboda Petr 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBiostimulants are substances which promote plant metabolism and are able to increase yields of various crops. However, their efficiency at field can be affected by climatic conditions. A novel mathematical model based on diffusion transport mechanism is proposed to predict the biostimulant uptake at different climatic conditions. The main input model parameter is experimentally measured effective diffusion coefficient of the biostimulant. The model is applied to a biostimulant prepared from leather waste by enzymatic hydrolysis. Simulations show that climatic conditions have significant impact on biostimulant penetration and should not be neglected in biostimulant application and further research. The suggested model is able to explain observed differences between laboratory and field biostimulant investigations, as well as draw recommendations for protein biostimulant application. The model also shows that the theoretical tools of chemical engineering can be used for optimization of biostimulant performance. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Design of a model‐based feedback controller for active sorting and synchronization of droplets in a microfluidic loop
Authors: Maddala Jeevan , Srinivasan Babji , Bithi Swastika S. , Vanapalli Siva A. , Rengaswamy Raghunathan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe transport of confined droplets in fluidic networks can lead to complex spatiotemporal dynamics, precluding full control of the position of droplets in the network. Here, we report the design of a model‐based feedback controller that can actively regulate droplet positions in a network. We specifically consider droplet dynamics in a microfluidic loop where a main channel splits into two and recombines. Consistent with previous studies, we find that without active control, the dynamics of droplets in the loop can range from periodic to chaotic behaviors. However, by implementing the model‐based feedback controller, we show that the droplets can be made to sort alternately into the branches of the loop as well as to synchronize the times at which pairs of droplets exit the loop. In particular, our computations demonstrate that the controller is capable of executing remarkable droplet sort‐synchronization tasks in the otherwise chaotic dynamics in the loop. The design of our controller incorporates a hydrodynamic network model, that is, capable of predicting droplet positions and subsequently delivering an actuation to the branches in the loop through elastomeric valves. Efficacy of the controller is discussed in terms of actuation characteristics and constraints imposed by elastomeric valves. The model‐based feedback controller framework presented in this study is likely to promote the development of lab‐on‐chip technologies in which droplet manipulation tasks are executed with active control. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Cyclobutane in der Katalyse
Authors: Seiser Tobias , Saget Tanguy , Tran Duc N. , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEin hoch geschätztes Prinzip in der organischen Chemie ist das Ausnutzen von Ringspannung als Triebkraft, um chemische Reaktionen zu erleichtern. Die bekanntesten und am häufigsten genutzten Verbindungsklassen in dieser Hinsicht sind Epoxide und Cyclopropane. Cyclobutane haben dieser Entwicklung relativ lange hinterhergehinkt, doch in den letzten zehn Jahren wurde eine steigende Zahl an bemerkenswerten Reaktionen entwickelt, die Vierringe als Substrate verwenden. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst entsprechende katalytische Reaktionen, von Lewis‐ über Brønsted‐Säure‐katalysierte bis hin zu enzymatischen Prozessen, zusammen. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei auf übergangsmetallkatalysierten C‐C Bindungsinsertionen und β‐Kohlenstoff‐Eliminierungen. Diese Reaktionen ermöglichen faszinierende Folgeprozesse, die zu vielseitigen Synthesebausteinen führen.
Film processability and properties of polycaprolactone/thermoplastic starch blends
Authors: Ramírez‐Arreola Daniel E. , Robledo‐Ortiz Jorge R. , Moscoso Francisco , Arellano Martín , Rodrigue Denis , González‐Núñez Rubén 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this work, the processing and properties of blown films prepared from thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were studied, in particular at high TPS content. The influence of processing parameters and material moisture content on the tensile properties was also studied. The results show that final film properties are mainly controlled by the draw ratio, blow‐up ratio and PCL concentration in the blends. The results also show that PCL/TPS films are less hydrophilic as PCL content increases. Finally, it was found that a very narrow processing window exists for this blend. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Solution and diffusion properties of cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone in poly(ethylene glycol) by inverse gas chromatography
Authors: Zeng Chuyi , Huang Min , Zhao Hong , Zhou Jicheng , Li Jiding 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe solution and diffusion properties of cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and crosslinked PEG have been studied in the temperature range of 368.15 to 403.15 K using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) technique. The infinite dilute activity coefficient (Ω) and diffusion coefficient (D) have been determined for the above solvent/polymer systems. Accordingly, several thermodynamic functions, the diffusion pre‐exponential factor, and activation energy have been attained. The results showed a decrease in Ω and an increase in D with rising temperature. The order of the relative magnitude of Ω and D of the solvents were explained by comparing their interactions with the polymer and their collision diameters, respectively. Moreover, Ω and D in crosslinked PEG were smaller than those in PEG at various temperatures. The analysis of Ω, the infinite dilute selectivity and capacity showed the possibility of using crosslinked PEG as an appropriate membrane material for the separation of cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone mixture. A thermodynamic study also implied that the solvent sorptions in the polymers were all enthalpically driven in the experimental range. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.