bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inde-Israël : l'impossible amitié (1947-1966)
Authors: Grolleau Magali 
Published: July 2012

Résumé L’Union indienne est le pays non musulman qui a soutenu avec le plus de zèle la cause palestinienne, au détriment d’Israël. Bien que le Gouvernement indien ait reconnu l’État hébreu en septembre 1950, il n’y a pas d’échange de représentations diplomatiques entre les deux pays avant janvier 1992, date marquant le début d’un spectaculaire rapprochement. Ce constat est d’autant plus étonnant qu’aucun litige n’oppose les deux États. Ainsi, pendant plus de quarante ans, Israël a constitué l’un des aspects les plus contestés de la politique extérieure indienne. De Jawaharlal Nehru à Lal Bahadur Shastri, l’importante communauté musulmane indienne et le contentieux indo-pakistanais ont largement contribué à façonner la politique ambiguë que mène le Gouvernement indien vis-à-vis d’Israël.
Urinary Excretion of Phenolic Acids by Infants and Children: A Randomised Double-Blind Clinical Assay
Authors: Uberos J. , Fernéndez-Puentes V. , Molina-Oya M. , Rodrïguez-Belmonte R. , Ruïz-López A. , Tortosa-Pinto P. , Molina-Carballo A. , Muñoz-Hoyos A. 
Published: July 2012

Objectives The present study, which is part of the ISRCTN16968287 clinical assay, is aimed at determining the effects of cranberry syrup or trimethoprim treatment for UTI. Methods This Phase III randomised clinical trial was conducted at the San Cecilio Clinical Hospital (Granada, Spain) with a study population of 192 patients, aged between 1 month and 13 years. Criteria for inclusion were a background of recurrent UTI, associated or otherwise with vesico-ureteral reflux of any degree, or renal pelvic dilatation associated with urinary infection. Each child was randomly given 0.2 mL/Kg/day of either cranberry syrup or trimethoprim (8 mg/mL). The primary and secondary objectives, respectively, were to determine the risk of UTI and the levels of phenolic acids in urine associated with each intervention. Results With respect to UTI, the cranberry treatment was non-inferior to trimethoprim. Increased urinary excretion of ferulic acid was associated with a greater risk of UTI developing in infants aged under 1 year (RR 1.06; CI 95% 1.024–1.1; P = 0.001). Conclusions The results obtained show the excretion of ferulic acid is higher in infants aged under 1 year, giving rise to an increased risk of UTI, for both treatment options.
Radioactive Potential of Zirconium-dioxide Used for Dental Applications
Authors: Bavbek Andac Barkin , Özcan Mutlu , Eskitascioglu Gürcan 
Published: July 2012

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible radioactive potential of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) dental ceramics. Such information is necessary since they became an integral part of routine prosthetic rehabilitations and devoid of scientific information about their radioactivity creates some concern in the dental community. Methods Four different types of commercial ZrO2 ceramics, namely Lava, Cercon, ICE Zirkon, and Everest Bio ZS were investigated before and after the sintering process. Sintering temperatures were applied according to each manufacturer's instructions. The compositions of the presintered and sintered specimens were analyzed using x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). Concentrations of the elements and compounds were also measured by this method. Determination of radioactivity continued with gamma-spectrometry measurements and gross alpha/beta analyses. Results The activity of gamma and gross alpha/beta was below minimum detection limits (MDL) for presintered and sintered ZrO2. The MDLs of gross alpha/beta counting system were 0.02 Bq/g and 0.01 Bq/g for alpha and beta radioactivity, respectively. The sintering process played only a minor role in the composition of the compounds. Conclusions Radioactivity of the ZrO2 ceramics studied showed negligible radionuclide activity that can be considered lower than many hazardous radioactive appliances in our environment.
A prognostic score based on clinical factors and biomarkers for advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Trapé Jaume , Montesinos Jesus , Catot Sílvia , Buxó Josep , Franquesa Josefina , Sala Maria , Domenech Montserrat , Sant Francesc , Badal Josep M , Arnau Anna 
Published: July 2012

Aims The objective of the present study is to determine the prognostic value of clinical variables and biomarkers in patients with advanced stages of NSCLC and establish a prognostic classification of these patients. Methods For 135 patients with advanced NSCLC we determined their clinical variables and their levels of CEA, CA 125, CYFRA 21–1, albumin, LDH, erythrosedimentation and leukocytes. Results Multivariate analysis identified PS (ECOG) >1, metastases, no anti-neoplastic treatment, CA 125 >35 U/mL, CYFRA 21–1 >3.3 ng/mL and leukocytes >10'000/μL, as independent prognostic factors for survival. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the number of adverse prognostic factors (APF). One point was assigned for each APF, except for chemotherapy treatment. Patients with 0–1 APF represented our reference group: patients with 2–3 APF had HR=2.7 (95% CI: 1.5–4.6), while patients with 4–5 APF had HR=8.8 (95% CI: 4.6–16.8). This “score” maintained the differences between risk groups both in patients who received antineoplastic treatment and in those who did not. Conclusion The application of a score that includes clinical data and biomarkers may improve the prognostic classification of NSCLC patients.
Difficulties in teaching electromagnetism: an eight year experience at Pierre and Marie Curie University
Authors: Roussel H. , Hélier M. 
Published: July 2012

We will begin by outlining the details of how electromagnetics are taught in the electrical engineering program offered at Pierre and Marie Curie University (a French example) from the undergraduate to the Masters degree levels. We will also discuss how our methods are and should be adapted to teach waves propagation without discouraging students.
Ice‐Templated Scaffolds with Microridged Pores Direct DRG Neurite Growth
Authors: Riblett Benjamin W. , Francis Nicola L. , Wheatley Margaret A. , Wegst Ulrike G. K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSuccessful spinal cord repair is thought to be promoted with hierarchically structured scaffolds. These should combine aligned porosity with additional linear features on the micrometer scale to guide axons across multiple length scales. Such scaffolds are generated through the carefully controlled directional solidification of an aqueous biopolymer solution, followed by lyophilization. Under specific freezing conditions this yields a highly regular and aligned lamellar architecture. This architecture exhibits uniform ridges of controlled height and width on the lamellar surface. These ridges run parallel to the pore axis, serving as secondary guidance features. The ridges are capable of linearly aligning 62.4% of chick dorsal root ganglia neurites to within ±10° of the ridge direction. Notably, neurites sprouting perpendicular to the ridge are guided into alignment with these microridged features.
Dietary acculturation and body composition predict American Mmong children's blood pressure
Authors: Smith Chery , Franzen‐Castle Lisa 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives:Determine how dietary acculturation, anthropometric measures (height, weight, circumferences, and skinfolds), body mass index (BMI), and waist hip ratios (WHRs) are associated with blood pressure (BP) measures in Hmong children living in Minnesota.Methods:Acculturation was measured using responses to questions regarding language usage, social connections, and diet. Dietary assessment was completed using the multiple‐pass 24‐h dietary recall method on two different days. Anthropometric and BP measurement were taken using standard procedures, and BMI and WHR were calculated. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and stepwise regression analyses.Results:Using stepwise regression analysis, hip circumference (HC) predicted boys' systolic (S)BP (R2= 0.55). For girls' SBP, mid‐upper arm circumference, WHR, low calcium consumption, and height percentile jointly explained 41% of the total variation. Mid upper arm circumference (MAC) and carbohydrate consumption predicted 35% of the variance for boys' diastolic (D)BP, and HC, dairy consumption, and calcium intake predicted 31% of the total variance for girls' DBP. Responses to dietary acculturation questions revealed between group differences for breakfast with half of the younger Born‐Thailand/Laos (Born‐T/L) consuming mostly Hmong food, while at dinner Born‐US consumed a mixed diet and Born‐T/L were more likely to consume Hmong food.Conclusion:Dietary acculturation and body composition predict Hmong children's BP. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An investigation of cure and thermal stability of poly(amide‐amidic acid) modified tetraglycidyl 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane/4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone
Authors: Chen Haiming , Lv Renguo , Liu Pei , Wang Hongyan , Huang Zhongyuan , Huang Ting , Li Tongsheng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this work, poly(amide‐amidic acid) (PAA) was used to modify tetraglycidyl 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM)/4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) system. Results of non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that PAA played a role of catalyst during the process of the curing reaction. The curing mechanism was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, showing that the PAA acted as a co‐curing agent in the system. The glass transition temperature decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of the PAA content. PAA equally rendered TGDDM more fire resistant with higher char yield. On examining the fracture surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that there was no obvious phase separation when the content of PAA was less than 20 phr (per hundred weight of TGDDM/DDS resin), however, phase separation was observed when the content of PAA was 25 and 30 phr. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The effect of morphology on the corrosion inhibition and mechanical properties of hybrid polymer coatings
Authors: Singh‐Beemat Jaspreet , Iroh Jude O. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe durability and mechanical properties of epoxy ester coatings and films has been improved by blending with rigid aromatic polyurea (PU). The interaction of PU and epoxy ester was enhanced by coupling the polymers with polymethylhydrosiloxane. The reactions between various entities are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the change in physical and mechanical properties are studied by a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The corrosion resistance of the hybrid coatings was measured by direct current polarization method, direct current polarization (DCP). The addition of polymethylhydrosiloxane enhances the corrosion properties in the hybrid coatings. The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The glass transition temperature of the films increases with increasing PU concentration and a wide glass rubber transition range for hybrid coatings was achieved which confirms the higher impact strength of the hybrid coatings and films. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Dielectric and electrical properties of an organic device containing benzotriazole and fluorene bearing copolymer
Authors: Yildiz Dilber Esra , Apaydın Dogukan Hazar , Toppare Levent , Cirpan Ali 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDielectric and electrical properties of a benzotriazole and fluorene copolymer were investigated using current‐voltage (I–V), capacitance‐voltage (C–V), and conductance–voltage (G/w–V) measurements at room temperature. The electrical parameters, barrier height (φBo), and ideality factor (n) obtained from the forward bias LnI‐V plot were found as 0.453 eV and 2.08, respectively. The Rs values were found as 2.20, 2.12, 1.90 Ω using dV/dLnI versus I, H(I) versus I and F(V)‐V plots, respectively. The dielectric constant (ε′), the dielectric loss (ε″), and the ac electrical conductivity ( σac) are a strong function of voltage and frequency. Decrease in ε′ and ε″ values with increasing frequency was observed. On the other hand, the increase of σac with increasing frequency was observed. Experimental results show that the conjugated copolymer plays an important role in the values of barrier height, ideality factor, series resistance, and dielectric parameters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effects of novel thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester with aryl‐ether linkages on the processability and properties of poly(ether ether ketone)s fibers
Authors: Wu Ting , Liu Pengqing , Wang Xiao , Zeng Luxian , Ye Guangdou , Xu Jianjun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of composite fibers based on poly(ether ether ketone)s (PEEK) and a novel thermotropic liquid crystalline polyetherarylates (PEAR) with the aryl‐ether linkages, have been prepared by melt spinning. The impact of PEAR on PEEK is investigated by rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, wide angle X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, orientation degree test and mechanical properties test, etc. The results show that the flowing curves of the blends can be divided into three regions: the first shear thinning region, the shear thickening region, and the second shear thinning region; meanwhile, the PEAR can function as a processing aid by reducing the viscosity of PEEK, thus the processing can be carried out at relatively low temperatures. Although, they are partially compatible, the mechanical properties of the post‐treatment fibers have been improved by 14% after adding 2% PEAR to PEEK. The crystallinity of the as‐spun fibers increases from 22.47 to 42.10%, suggesting that PEAR can act as nucleating agent. Regretfully, both of the initial degradation temperatures and the maximal degradation temperatures decrease with the increase of the PEAR content. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and Pharmacological Investigation of 2‐(4‐Dimethylaminophenyl)‐3,5‐disubstituted thiazolidin‐4‐ones as Anticonvulsants
Authors: Senthilraja Manavalan , Alagarsamy Veerachamy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new series of 2‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐3‐substituted thiazolidin‐4‐one‐5‐yl‐acetyl acetamides/benzamides were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of 3‐substituted‐2‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐thiazolidin‐4‐one‐5‐yl‐acetylchloride with acetamide and benzamide. The starting material 3‐substituted‐2‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐thiazolidin‐4‐one‐5‐yl‐acetylchloride was synthesized from 3‐substituted‐2‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐thiazolidin‐4‐one‐5‐yl‐acetic acid, which in turn was prepared by one‐pot reaction of amino component, p‐dimethylamino benzaldehyde and mercapto succinic acid. The title compounds were investigated for their anticonvulsant activities; among the test compounds, compound 2‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐3‐phenylamino‐thiazolidine‐4‐one‐5‐yl‐acetylbenzamide (14) emerged as the most active compound of the series and as moderately more potent than the reference standard diazepam.
Synthesis and Discovery of Novel Pyrazole Carboxamide Derivatives as Potential Osteogenesis Inducers
Authors: Lv Hong‐Shui , Han Qian‐Qian , Ding Xiao‐Ling , Zhou Ji‐Liang , Yang Pi‐Shan , Miao Jun‐Ying , Zhao Bao‐Xiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of novel N‐aryl‐3‐aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐5‐carboxamide derivatives 4a–l was synthesized by the reaction of 3‐aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐5‐carbonyl chloride with substituted aniline in good to excellent yields. Structures of the compounds were determined by IR, 1H NMR, and HR‐MS spectroscopy. The molecular structure was confirmed by the X‐ray crystal analysis of one compound (4j) that was prone to crystallization. These compounds were used to induce mouse osteoblast precursors MC3T3‐E1 into osteoblasts and the induction was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the gene expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP). The results showed that the compounds 4a–d, 4g, 4h, and 4k could increase the ALP activity in comparison with the negative control group and compound 4h was the most effective one which could induce osteogenesis. Furthermore, mRNA expression of BSP which is a marker of osteogenesis was up‐regulated by the compound 4h.
Evaluation of the willingness for cadaveric donation in Greece: A population‐based study
Authors: Halou Heidi , Chalkias Athanasios , Mystrioti Dimitra , Iacovidou Nicoletta , Vasileiou Panagiotis V.S. , Xanthos Theodoros 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDespite the importance of body donation for medical education and the advancement of medical science, cadaveric donation remains suboptimal worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the willingness of body donation in Greece and determine the characteristics of donors. This cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from January to June 2011. A specially designed questionnaire was distributed to 1,700 individuals who were randomly selected from five major Greek cities. It was found that higher educational levels (P = 0.002), annual family income below 30,000 Euros (P = 0.001), guaranteed employment status (P = 0.02), and the presence of comorbid conditions (P = 0.004) seemed to affect potential donors' willingness for cadaveric donation. Those with strong religious beliefs were found to be unwilling to donate their bodies to medical science. Interestingly, the majority of participants who believed that hospitalized patients are deceived or are used for harmful experiments were willing to become whole body donors (P = 0.043). In Greece, the rate of body donation to medical science remains low, and most Greek citizens are not willing to become body donors. Efforts to encourage discussions about whole body donation should be implemented in order to improve current low levels of donation. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Sliding Mode Control for Swing‐Up and Stabilization of the Cart‐Pole Underactuated System
Authors: Yih Chih‐Chen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper uses sliding mode control to accomplish the objectives of swing‐up and stabilization of the cart‐pole underactuated system. The features of underactuated systems prohibit direct application of conventional sliding mode control for fully‐actuated systems. In this paper, we design a novel sliding mode control for the cart‐pole underactuated system so that the control goals can be achieved. In addition, by simply changing the parameters of the sliding surface, we use only one sliding mode control scheme to swing up and to stabilize the cart‐pole system. Using the sliding mode dynamics and the internal dynamics, we show that the proposed sliding mode control can swing up the cart‐pole system from the stable equilibrium and can stabilize the system to the unstable equilibrium. Our simulation results on a cart‐pole system demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sliding mode control. The proposed control schemes, the stability analysis, and the numerical simulation provide a useful guideline for designing the sliding mode control for the cart‐pole underactuated system.
Descriptor Fractional Linear Systems with Regular Pencils
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNew classes of descriptor fractional continuous‐time and discrete‐time linear systems with regular pencils are introduced. Electrical circuits are an example of descriptor fractional continuous‐time systems. Using the Caputo definition of the fractional derivative, the Weierstrass regular pencil decomposition and Laplace transformation the solution to the state equation of descriptor fractional linear systems is derived. It is shown that every electrical circuit is a descriptor fractional systems if it contains at least one mesh consisting of branches with only ideal supercondensators and voltage sources, or at least one node with branches containing supercoils. Using the Weierstrass regular pencil decomposition the solution to the state equation of descriptor fractional discrete‐time linear systems is derived. A method for decomposition of the descriptor fractional linear systems with regular pencils into dynamic and static parts is proposed. The considerations are illustrated by numerical examples.
Mikroparakristalle, die Welt zwischen Kristallinem und Amorphen
Authors: Hosemann R. , Baltá‐Calleja F. J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEin neuartiger Gitterkomplex, mathematisch definiert durch ein dreidimensionales Faltungspolynom, kombiniert mit dem empirisch gefundenen α*‐Gesetz, erschließt die Struktur der kondensierten Materie jenseits der Kristalle bis herab zu den Gasen. An Beispielen aus Biophysik, Polymerphysik, Kolloidphysik und an Metallschmelzen wird kurz skizziert, wie einheitlich sich das Erscheinungsbild der Atom‐und Kolloidstrukturen mit einigen neuen statistischen Parametern darstellen läßt.
Theoretical Study of Inhomogeneous Radical Reactions. Application to the Pulse Radiolysis of Arenediazonium Salt Solutions
Authors: Naumann W. , Brede O. , Mehnert R. , Becker H. G. O. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA rate equation for reactions of transient radicals in radiation chemistry is presented where the radical recombination is a second‐order process with a rate coefficient depending on the structure of the initially inhomogeneous distribution of the reactants. For a Gaussian distribution in spurs this rate coefficient can be reduced to the well‐known rate coefficient of a „homogeneous”︁ diffusion‐controlled reaction corrected by the ratio of the local concentration in the spurs to the average concentration. The derived formalism is used for interpreting the reactive behaviour of transient arenediazo radicals observed in the pulse radiolysis of arene diazonium salts in a mixture of tert.‐butanol/water. Evidence for the inhomogeneous kinetics of the arenediazo radicals was obtained from the unusual behaviour of the half‐life times of radical recombination in dependence on pulse dose and salt concentration.
Electrostatic Focusing in Micellar and Microelectrode Kinetic Processes
Authors: Dung Mei Hsu , Knox Donald G. , Kozak John J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper we present a detailed characterization of the electrostatic environment of a charged organizate in order to determine the importance of field effects in influencing micellar and microelectrode kinetic processes. The electrostatic potential and associated ion distributions in the vicinity of a charged organizate are determined using a potential approach and, in particular, one based on a (previously reported) generalization of Poisson‐Boltzmann theory. The role of organizate size and geometry, and the importance of dielectric saturation, ionic strength and different assumptions on the behavior of the surface potential (boundary conditions) in influencing the potentials and ion distributions are studied. These calculations and the trends observed cast light on the general problem of micellar/micro‐electrode catalysis and, as well, lead to a number of specific results: we are able to place a lower bound on the effective size of a „microelectrode”︁ particle, colloidal dispersions of which have been used in the recent hydrogen evolution studies of Grätzel and coworkers, and Henglein.
Proton Conductivity of Simple Ionic Hydroxides Part II: In Situ Formation of Water Molecules Prior to Dehydration
Authors: Wengeler H. , Martens R. , Freund F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe formation of transitory HOH species in hydroxide lattices prior to dehydration was studied by thermally stimulated depolarisation, TSDp, and by high temperature infrared spectroscopy. Adsorbed H2O give regular TSDp maxima. Protonic space charge clouds, assigned to excess protons H* and defect protons H1, give inverted TSDp effects. At the temperature of the maximum of the proton conductivity the charge carrier concentration is of the order of 1013 mol−1 which corresponds to the expected Boltzmann occupancy in the conduction band. Excess protons H* temporarily trapped from the space charge clouds on lattice OH− sites form H2O molecules, visible in the IR spectrum, which redissociate at room temperature.