bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levels and predictors of exercise referral scheme uptake and adherence: a systematic review
Authors: Pavey Toby , Taylor Adrian , Hillsdon Melvyn , Fox Kenneth , Campbell John , Foster Charlie , Moxham Tiffany , Mutrie Nanette , Searle John , Taylor Rod 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundThe effectiveness of exercise referral schemes (ERS) is influenced by uptake and adherence to the scheme. The identification of factors influencing low uptake and adherence could lead to the refinement of schemes to optimise investment.ObjectivesTo quantify the levels of ERS uptake and adherence and to identify factors predictive of uptake and adherence.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, ISI WOS, SPORTDiscus and ongoing trial registries were searched (to October 2009) and included study references were checked. Included studies were required to report at least one of the following: (1) a numerical measure of ERS uptake or adherence and (2) an estimate of the statistical association between participant demographic or psychosocial factors (eg, level of motivation, self-efficacy) or programme factors and uptake or adherence to ERS.ResultsTwenty studies met the inclusion criteria, six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 14 observational studies. The pooled level of uptake in ERS was 66% (95% CI 57% to 75%) across the observational studies and 81% (95% CI 68% to 94%) across the RCTs. The pooled level of ERS adherence was 49% (95% CI 40% to 59%) across the observational studies and 43% (95% CI 32% to 54%) across the RCTs. Few studies considered anything other than gender and age. Women were more likely to begin an ERS but were less likely to adhere to it than men. Older people were more likely to begin and adhere to an ERS.LimitationsSubstantial heterogeneity was evident across the ERS studies. Without standardised definitions, the heterogeneity may have been reflective of differences in methods of defining uptake and adherence across studies.ConclusionsTo enhance our understanding of the variation in uptake and adherence across ERS and how these variations might affect physical activity outcomes, future trials need to use quantitative and qualitative methods.
Nanocytology of Rectal Colonocytes to Assess Risk of Colon Cancer Based on Field Cancerization
Authors: Damania Dhwanil , Roy Hemant K. , Subramanian Hariharan , Weinberg David S. , Rex Douglas K. , Goldberg Michael J. , Muldoon Joseph , Cherkezyan Lusik , Zhu Yuanjia , Bianchi Laura K. , Shah Dhiren , Pradhan Prabhakar , Borkar Monica , Lynch Henry , Backman Vadim 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Developing a minimally invasive and cost-effective prescreening strategy for colon cancer is critical because of the impossibility of conducting colonoscopy on the entire at-risk population. The concept of field carcinogenesis, in which normal-appearing tissue away from a tumor has molecular and, consequently, nano-architectural abnormalities, offers one attractive approach to identify high-risk patients. In this study, we investigated whether the novel imaging technique partial wave spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy could risk-stratify patients harboring precancerous lesions of the colon, using an optically measured biomarker (Ld) obtained from microscopically normal but nanoscopically altered cells. Rectal epithelial cells were examined from 146 patients, including 72 control patients, 14 patients with diminutive adenomas, 20 patients with nondiminutive/nonadvanced adenomas, 15 patients with advanced adenomas/high-grade dysplasia, 12 patients with genetic mutation leading to Lynch syndrome, and 13 patients with cancer. We found that the Ld obtained from rectal colonocytes was well correlated with colon tumorigenicity in our patient cohort and in an independent validation set of 39 additional patients. Therefore, our findings suggest that PWS-measured Ld is an accurate marker of field carcinogenesis. This approach provides a potential prescreening strategy for risk stratification before colonoscopy. Cancer Res; 72(11); 2720–7. ©2012 AACR.
Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Philips Binu , Madhavan Srinivasa , James Cynthia , Tichnell Crystal , Murray Brittney , Dalal Darshan , Bhonsale Aditya , Nazarian Saman , Judge Daniel P. , Russell Stuart D. , Abraham Theodore , Calkins Hugh , Tandri Harikrishna 
Published: April 2012

Background—
Prior studies evaluating the efficacy of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) among patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) have reported varied outcomes. More recently, studies have suggested that an epicardial ablation is necessary for improved outcomes after catheter ablation of VT. The overall objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) of VT in ARVD/C, with particular focus on newer ablation strategies, including epicardial catheter ablation.

Methods and Results—

The study population included 87 patients with ARVD/C who underwent a total of 175 RFA procedures between 1992 and 2011 at 80 different electrophysiology centers. Recurrence of VT following RFA and effect of RFA on the burden of VT were assessed. The mean age of the cohort was 38 ± 13 years. Over a mean follow-up of 88.3 ± 66 months, the overall freedom from VT of the 175 procedures was 47%, 21%, and 15%, at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The cumulative freedom from VT following epicardial RFA was 64% and 45% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, which was significantly longer than endocardial RFA (
P
=0.021). Survival free of VT among procedures with 3D electroanatomic mapping was significantly longer compared to those without (
P
=0.016). Burden of VT was reduced irrespective of the ablation strategy (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Although VT recurrences are common, RFA results in a significant reduction in the burden of VT in patients with ARVD/C. Further, although the use of 3D electroanatomic mapping systems and epicardial ablation strategies are associated with longer survival free of VT, recurrence rates remain considerable.
Myocardial Lesion Depth With Circular Electroporation Ablation
Authors: Wittkampf Fred H.M. , van Driel Vincent J. , van Wessel Harry , Neven Kars G.E.J. , Gründeman Paul F. , Vink Aryan , Loh Peter , Doevendans Pieter A. 
Published: April 2012

Background—
Recently, we demonstrated the feasibility and safety of circular electroporation ablation in porcine pulmonary vein ostia, but the relationship between the magnitude of the application and lesion dimensions is still unknown.

Methods and Results—
An in vivo porcine study was performed on left ventricular epicardium submerged under 10 mm of blood, using devices that mimic a 20-mm-diameter 7F circular ablation catheter. Model D contained 10 separate electrodes, whereas model M consisted of 1 circular electrode. Ablations were performed at 50, 100, and 200 J with model D and at 100 J with model M. Lesion dimensions were measured after 3-week survival. All applications resulted in smooth voltage waveforms demonstrating the absence of vapor globe formation, arcing, and a pressure wave. Applications up to 100 J with model D resulted in separate lesions under the electrodes. At 200 J, continuous deep circular lesions were created despite the use of separate electrodes. There was a significant relationship between applied current and median lesion depth, with a slope of 0.17 mm/A. At 100 J, there was no difference in lesion depth or width between models D and M. The electrodes and ablation site directly after ablation showed no signs of thermal damage.

Conclusions—
In an epicardial porcine model with blood around the application site, continuous circular lesions, deep enough for electric pulmonary vein isolation, were created with a single circular 200-J application. Lesions were continuous despite the use of separate electrodes. Lesion depth increased with the magnitude of the application.
Eat, Play, Love
Authors: Woolford Susan J. , Sallinen Bethany J. , Schaffer Sarah , Clark Sarah J. 
Published: April 2012

Background Participants’ perceptions may be associated with the high attrition rates reported by weight management programs. Objective To explore participants’ perceptions of a weight management program. Methods Semistructured interviews were performed (spring 2010) with past participants of the Michigan Pediatric Outpatient Weight Evaluation and Reduction program. Transcripts were reviewed and themes identified. Results Parents (38) and adolescents (25) were interviewed separately; similar themes emerged. Theme 1: Support/encouragement—Participants emphasized the importance of a supportive environment with a positive, compassionate approach from providers. Theme 2: Exercise—Fun, achievable activities were a valued means of making exercise enjoyable and building self-efficacy. Theme 3: Nutrition—Hands on demonstrations and tangible suggestions were preferred over activities such as self-monitoring. Theme 4: Behavioral factors—Participants valued the opportunity to hear their peers’ experiences. However, individual/family sessions addressing their personal concerns were also viewed as important. Conclusion Beyond program content, participants valued a supportive environment emphasizing health over habitus.
Histomorphological Changes of Tutoplast‐Processed Fascia Lata Grafts in a Rabbit Rhinoplasty Model
Authors: Yu Myeong Sang , Park Hyeok Sung , Lee Hee Jin , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesTutoplast‐processed fascia lata (TPFL) is a commercially available homograft that has been successfully used as graft tissue for rhinoplasty. The present study evaluates the histomorphological changes of TPFL in a rabbit rhinoplasty model.Study DesignProspective study using a rabbit model.SettingAnimal laboratory of the Asan Medical Center.Subjects and MethodsThe study used 15 New Zealand White rabbits. Each rabbit was implanted with a TPFL (experimental group) and autologous fascia lata (control group) graft of equal size into the nasal dorsum. Rabbits were killed at 1, 3, and 6 months, and the grafts were removed and microscopically assessed for fibroblast proliferation, neovascularization, inflammation, and thickness.ResultsFor TPFL grafts, the degree of inflammation significantly decreased between 1 and 3 months (P =. 041). The degree of fibroblast proliferation continually increased over time. There was a mild degree of neovascularization for the TPFL graft at 1 month. The degree of neovascularization increased between 3 and 6 months (P =. 041). For the degree of inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, and neovascularization, there was no significant difference between TPFL and autologous fascia lata at 6 months. Mean thickness analysis showed that there was no significant thickness reduction in both TPFL and autologous fascia lata grafts at 6 months.ConclusionThe TPFL grafts showed negligible resorption rates and favorable tissue reactions in the rabbit rhinoplasty model.
Rotator Cuff Regeneration Using a Bioabsorbable Material With Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Yokoya Shin , Mochizuki Yu , Natsu Koji , Omae Hiromichi , Nagata Yoshihiko , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: April 2012

Background: Rotator cuff regeneration using tissue engineering techniques is a challenging treatment in elderly patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears. Hypothesis: A polyglycolic acid sheet scaffold with seeded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may enhance the expression of type I collagen products and increase the mechanical strength of the regenerated tendon in vivo. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A surgically created defect of infraspinatus tendons of rabbits was reconstructed with 2 different materials, a polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet alone (PGA group) (n = 34) and a PGA sheet seeded with autologously cultured MSCs (MSC group) (n = 34). The authors created a tendon defect model without embedding any graft as the control model (control group) (n = 34). The rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after the operation and then were histologically evaluated. The rabbits were also biomechanically evaluated by measuring the ultimate failure loads and Young’s modulus at 4 and 16 weeks following implantation. Results: In the MSC group, the fibrocartilage layers and Sharpey fibers were found regularly in the insertion site at 8 weeks compared with the PGA group. In control group, thin membranes with many fibroblasts arranged in an irregular pattern linked the end of the torn cuff to the bone without any Sharpey fibers and type I collagen. A large volume of type I collagen was found in comparison with type III collagen at 16 weeks in the MSC group, whereas type III collagen was more prevalent than type I in the PGA group. The tendon maturing score in the MSC group had higher values than the PGA and control groups at 8 and 16 weeks (mean values were 21.0 ± 0.89, 24.0 ± 2.53 in the MSC group; 16.7 ± 2.25, 21.3 ± 2.42 in the PGA group; and 10.2 ± 0.98, 12.2 ± 1.72 in the control group, respectively) ( P < .05). The results of the mechanical analysis revealed that the regenerated tendons in the MSC group had better tensile strength than in the PGA and control groups at 16 weeks (mean values were 3.04 ± 0.54 in the MSC group, 2.38 ± 0.63 in the PGA group, and 1.58 ± 0.13 in the control group) ( P < .05). Conclusion: Bone marrow–derived MSCs were able to regenerate tendon-bone insertions and the tendon belly, including the production of type I collagen, and increased the mechanical strength of the regenerated rotator cuff tendon. Clinical Relevance: Rotator cuff regeneration using MSCs is a promising treatment for massive rotator cuff defects.
Jet Lag in Athletes
Authors: Lee Aaron , Galvez Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2012

Context: Prolonged transmeridian air travel can impart a physical and emotional burden on athletes in jet lag and travel fatigue. Jet lag may negatively affect the performance of athletes. Study Type: Descriptive review. Evidence Acquisition: A Medline search for articles relating to jet lag was performed (1990-present), as was a search relating to jet lag and athletes (1983-January, 2012). The results were reviewed for relevance. Eighty-nine sources were included in this descriptive review. Results: Behavioral strategies are recommended over pharmacological strategies when traveling with athletes; pharmacological aides may be used on an individual basis. Strategic sleeping, timed exposure to bright light, and the use of melatonin are encouraged. Conclusions: There is strong evidence that mood and cognition are adversely affected by jet lag. Some measures of individual and team performance are adversely affected as well.
Abnormalities in IgA and IgM are associated with treatment-resistant ITP
Authors: Arnason Jon E. , Campigotto Federico , Neuberg Donna , Bussel James B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We hypothesized that immune dysregulation, as represented by abnormal immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, may increase immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) severity. A cross-sectional analysis was performed encompassing patients with ITP seen at the New York Presbyterian Platelet Disorder Center in the past 10 years. The subjects' Ig levels were measured, and subjects were analyzed for differences in treatment response. Subjects with an IgA level greater than median had a significantly increased chance of failing to respond to standard treatment (steroids, intravenous Ig, and intravenous anti-D) than did subjects with an IgA level lower than median (37 of 271, 14%; vs 22 of 281, 8%; P = .03) and an increased risk for bleeding (36 of 378, 10%; vs 19 of 386, 5%; P = .02). Subjects with an IgM less than 56 (lower limit of normal) failed to respond to standard treatment more often than patients with a normal IgM (12 of 67, 18%; vs 44 of 467, 9%; P = .05) with a trend toward worsened response to splenectomy (3 of 18, 17%; vs 36 of 86, 42%; P = .06). These observations suggest that immune dysregulation, as represented by elevations in IgA or decreased levels of IgM, are associated with ITP that is more resistant to treatment.
Immunostimulatory conventional dendritic cells evolve into regulatory macrophage-like cells
Authors: Diao Jun , Mikhailova Anastassia , Tang Michael , Gu Hongtao , Zhao Jun , Cattral Mark S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDendritic cell (DC) homeostasis in peripheral tissues reflect a balance between DC generation, migration, and death. The current model of DC ontogeny indicates that pre-cDCs are committed to become terminal conventional DCs (cDCs). Here, we report the unexpected finding that proliferating immunostimulatory CD11c+ MHC class II+ cDCs derived from pre-cDCs can lose their DC identity and generate progeny that exhibit morphologic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of regulatory macrophages. DC-derived–macrophages (DC-d-Ms) potently suppress T-cell responses through the production of immunosuppressive molecules including nitric oxide, arginase, and IL-10. Relative deficiency of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) provided a permissive signal for DC-d-M generation. Using a transgenic mouse model that allows tracking of CD11c+ cells in vivo, we found that DC-d-M development occurs commonly in cancer, but not in lymphoid or nonlymphoid tissues under steady-state conditions. We propose that this developmental pathway serves as an alternative mechanism of regulating DC homeostasis during inflammatory processes.
Chronic HIV infection affects the expression of the 2 transcription factors required for CD8 T-cell differentiation into cytolytic effectors
Authors: Ribeiro-dos-Santos Patricia , Turnbull Emma L. , Monteiro Marta , Legrand Agnès , Conrod Karen , Baalwa Joshua , Pellegrino Pierre , Shaw George M. , Williams Ian , Borrow Persephone , Rocha Benedita 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCD8 T cells lose the capacity to control HIV infection, but the extent of the impairment of CD8 T-cell functions and the mechanisms that underlie it remain controversial. Here we report an extensive ex vivo analysis of HIV-specific CD8 T cells, covering the expression of 16 different molecules involved in CD8 function or differentiation. This approach gave remarkably homogeneous readouts in different donors and showed that CD8 dysfunction in chronic HIV infection was much more severe than described previously: some Ifng transcription was observed, but most cells lost the expression of all cytolytic molecules and Eomesodermin and T-bet by chronic infection. These results reveal a cellular mechanism explaining the dysfunction of CD8 T cells during chronic HIV infection, as CD8 T cells are known to maintain some functionality when either of these transcription factors is present, but to lose all cytotoxic activity when both are not expressed. Surprisingly, they also show that chronic HIV and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections have a very different impact on fundamental T-cell functions, “exhausted” lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific cells losing the capacity to secrete IFN-γ but maintaining some cytotoxic activity as granzyme B and FasL are overexpressed and, while down-regulating T-bet, up-regulating Eomesodermin expression.
Sequence and structure relationships within von Willebrand factor
Authors: Zhou Yan-Feng , Eng Edward T. , Zhu Jieqing , Lu Chafen , Walz Thomas , Springer Timothy A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the present study, we re-annotated von Willebrand factor (VWF), assigned its entire sequence to specific modules, and related these modules to structure using electron microscopy (EM). The D domains are assemblies of smaller modules visible as lobes in EM. Modules in the D-domain assemblies include von Willebrand D, 8-cysteine, trypsin inhibitor-like, E or fibronectin type 1-like domains, and a unique D4N module in D4. The D1-D2 prodomain shows 2 large connected assemblies, each containing smaller lobes. The previous B and C regions of VWF are re-annotated as 6 tandem von Willebrand C (VWC) and VWC-like domains. These 6 VWC domains correspond to 6 elongated domains that associate in pairs at acidic pH in the stem region of VWF dimeric bouquets. This correspondence is demonstrated by binding of integrin αIIbβ3 to the fourth module seen in EM, VWC4, which bears the VWF Arg-Gly-Asp motif. The C-terminal cystine knot domain dimerizes end-to-end in a manner predicted by homology to TGF-β and orients approximately perpendicular to the VWC domains in dimeric bouquets. Homologies of domains in VWF to domains in other proteins allow many disulfide bonds to be tentatively assigned, which may have functional implications.
Product and Price Competition with Satiation Effects
Authors: Caro Felipe , Martínez-de-Albéniz Victor 
Published: April 2012

Consumers become satiated with a product when purchasing too much too quickly. How much is too much and how quickly is too quickly depends on the characteristics of the product relative to the time interval between consumption periods. Knowing that, consumers allocate their budget to products that generate less satiation effects. Retailers should then choose to sell products that induce minimal satiation, but usually this is operationally more costly. To study this trade-off, we provide an analytical model based on utility theory that relates customer consumption to price and satiation, in the context of multiple competing retailers. We determine the purchasing pattern over time and provide an explicit expression to determine the consumption level in steady state. We derive market shares and show that they take the form of an attraction model in which the attractiveness depends on price and product satiation. We use this to analyze the competition between firms that maximize long-term average profit. We characterize the equilibrium under three scenarios: (i) price-only competition, (ii) product-only competition, and (iii) price and product competition. The results reveal the interplay between a key marketing lever (price) and the firm's ability to offer products that generate less satiation. In particular, we show that when a firm becomes more efficient at reducing satiation, its competitor may benefit if competition is on product only, but not if it is on price and product. We also find that when satiation effects are not managed, a firm's profit may be significantly reduced while a strategic competitor can largely benefit. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
On the Conditional Risk and Performance of Financially Distressed Stocks
Authors: O'Doherty Michael S. 
Published: April 2012

Several recent articles find that stocks with high probabilities of bankruptcy or default earn anomalously low returns and negative unconditional capital asset pricing model (CAPM) alphas in the post-1980 period. I show that the conditional CAPM resolves the performance difference between high- and low-distress stocks. In particular, financially distressed stocks have relatively low exposure to market risk during bad economic times. I help to explain these findings through a theoretical model in which a levered firm's equity beta is negatively related to uncertainty about the unobserved value of its underlying assets. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.