bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of additional oxytocin to reduce blood loss at elective caesarean section: A randomised control trial
Authors: GÜNGÖRDÜK Kemal , ASıCıOGLU Osman , CELıKKOL Ozgu , OLGAC Yusuf , ARK Cemal 
Published: February 2010

Objective:  The purpose of this prospective, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was to assess the effects of a 5‐IU oxytocin bolus and placebo infusion versus a 5‐IU oxytocin bolus and 30 IU infusion on the control of blood loss at elective lower segment caesarean section (C/S).Methods:  Participants with indication for elective C/S were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A, 360 women, received oxytocin 5 IU bolus and placebo; group B, 360 women received oxytocin 5 IU bolus and 30 IU infusion. Blood loss was estimated based on the haematocrit values before and 48 h after delivery. The primary outcome was the incidence of excessive bleeding (estimated blood loss of >1000 mL), while secondary outcomes included use of additional uterotonics, estimated blood loss, need for blood transfusion, duration of hospital stay and the incidence of adverse effects.Results:  No demographic difference was observed between groups. Mean estimated blood loss (P < 0.001) and the proportion of women with blood loss estimated to be greater than 1000 mL were significantly less for group B than for group A (relative risk (RR) 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20–0.63). In addition, more women in the group A required additional uterotonic agents (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.22–0.56) and blood transfusion (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.01–0.98).Conclusion:  An additional oxytocin infusion after 5 IU oxytocin bolus infusion at elective C/S may reduce blood loss and required blood transfusion.
Intra‐uterine bupivacaine and levobupivacaine
Authors: MIZRAK Ayse , UGUR Gurol M. , ERDALOGLU Pinar , BALAT Ozcan , ONER Unsal 
Published: February 2010

Aim:  The study aimed to compare the effect of intrauterine bupivacaine and levobupivacaine with placebo in reducing the post‐procedure discomfort owing to pain caused by suction endometrial sampling.Methods:  This study was conducted on randomly selected 45 women with abnormal uterine bleeding and who had undergone outpatient hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy under sedation with propofol 0.5 mg/kg. The study was performed using 5 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (Group B, n = 15) or levobupivacaine 0.5% (Group L, n = 15) or placebo solution (Group C, n = 15) intrauterine via a catheter over a 5 min period after suction endometrial sampling. The number of patients with visual analogue scale >3, total postoperative analgesic requirements, satisfaction of patients and adverse events were measured. Nonparametric and parametric data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and one‐way anova tests respectively.Results:  Women in Groups L and B had statistically significantly less pain than the women in Group C (P = 0.03). When compared with placebo, five ml of bupivacaine 0.5% and levobupivacaine 0.5% respectively were recorded to decrease the incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption from 41 to 35% (P = 0.01). The satisfaction score of the patients in Group L was significantly higher than that of the patients in Group C (P = 0.03).Conclusion:  Intrauterine levobupivacaine or bupivacaine is effective in decreasing the pain associated with the endometrial biopsy and curettage under propofol sedation.
The impact of the baby bonus on maternity services in New South Wales
Authors: LAIN Samantha J. , ROBERTS Christine L. , RAYNES‐GREENOW Camille H. , MORRIS Jonathan 
Published: February 2010

Background:  In 2004, the Federal Government introduced the baby bonus, a one‐off payment upon the birth of a child.Aims:  To assess the impact of an increase in the number of births on maternity services in New South Wales following the introduction of the baby bonus payment in July 2004.Methods:  A population‐based study, using NSW birth records, of 965 635 deliveries from 1998 to 2008 was carried out. The difference between the predicted number of births in 2005–2008, estimated from trends in births from 1998 to 2004, and the observed number of births in NSW hospitals in 2005–2008 were calculated. We also estimated the increase in cost to the health system of births in 2008 compared with previous years.Results:  Compared with trends prior to the introduction of the baby bonus, there were an estimated 11 283 extra singleton births per year in NSW hospitals by 2008. There were significant increases in the number of deliveries performed in tertiary, urban and rural public hospitals; however, the number of deliveries in private hospitals remained stable. Compared with predicted estimates, in 2008, there were over 8700 more vaginal deliveries, over 1000 more preterm births and over 45 000 extra infant hospital days each year. Compared with 2004, in 2008, the estimated cost of births in NSW hospitals increased by $60 million,Conclusions:  The increase in births following the introduction of the baby bonus has significantly impacted maternity services in NSW.
Ice‐free conditions in eastern Fennoscandia during early Marine Isotope Stage 3: lacustrine records
Authors: HELMENS KARIN F. , ENGELS STEFAN 
Published: February 2010

Helmens, K. F. & Engels, S. 2010: Ice‐free conditions in eastern Fennoscandia during early Marine Isotope Stage 3: lacustrine records.Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00142.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.The traditional notion that Fennoscandia was glaciated throughout Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4–2, fromc. 70 kyr BP to the deglaciation 15–10 kyr BP ago, has been challenged during the last decade. Recent studies have shown that climate and environmental settings during MIS 3 were more dynamic than previously assumed, and lacustrine sediment bodies indicate open‐water conditions for several sites in eastern Fennoscandia. In this study, three sediment sequences from western, eastern and northeast Finland are compared in detail with respect to their chronology, vegetation reconstruction and climatic inferences. OSL‐dating places the sediments in early MIS 3. Pollen evidence suggests the presence of isolated birch trees and open birch forest close to the retreating ice margin, in contrast to vegetation reconstructions from central Europe, which indicate tree‐less vegetation. Furthermore, reconstructions of climate using transfer functions have yielded surprising results, indicating present‐day summer temperatures in northeast Finland. The combined results suggest ice‐free and warm conditions in major parts of eastern Fennoscandia in early MIS 3, possibly during Greenland Interstadial (GIS) 14 around 53 kyr BP ago.
Homocysteine and Mobility in Older Adults
Authors: Rolita Lydia , Holtzer Roee , Wang Cuiling , Lipton Richard B. , Derby Carol A. , Verghese Joe 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVES:To determine the influence of homocysteine on mobility decline in older adults.DESIGN:Prospective cohort.SETTING:Einstein Aging Study, community‐based aging study.PARTICIPANTS:Five hundred seventy‐four older adults without dementia (mean age 80.2 ± 5.4, 61% women).MEASUREMENTS:Mobility decline defined using gait velocity measurements at baseline and annual follow‐up visits. Linear mixed effects models were used to adjust for age, sex, education, and other potential confounders.RESULTS:Higher homocysteine levels were associated with slower gait velocity at baseline. Adjusted for age, sex, and education, a one‐unit increase in baseline log homocysteine levels was associated with a 2.95‐cm/s faster mobility decline per year (P=.01) over a median follow‐up of 1.4 years. The 140 subjects in the highest quartile of homocysteine had a faster rate of mobility decline (1.75 cm/s per year faster,P=.01) than the 434 subjects in the lowest three quartiles of homocysteine (≤15 μmol/L). The association between homocysteine and mobility decline remained robust even after adjusting for multiple confounders and accounting for the presence of clinical gait abnormalities.CONCLUSION:Higher homocysteine levels are associated with greater risk of mobility decline in community‐residing older adults.
Differential profiling of human red blood cells during storage for 52 selected microRNAs
Authors: Kannan Meganathan , Atreya Chintamani 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the negative regulators of cellular mRNAs, are present in mature red blood cells (RBCs) in abundance relative to other blood cells. So far, there are no studies aimed at identifying large‐scale miRNA profiles during storage of RBCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RNA samples from each RBC bag stored at 4°C were collected on Days 0, 20, and 40 and subjected to miRNA profiling by using a membrane‐based array. Fifty‐two selected miRNAs of cellular apoptotic pathway represent the array. Through bioinformatics analyses, we identified potential target genes for selected miRNAs.RESULTS: Differential profiling of RBCs for 52 miRNAs revealed two distinguishable patterns during storage: Forty‐eight miRNAs demonstrated no trend at all, while four miRNAs, miR‐96, miR‐150, miR‐196a, and miR‐197, demonstrated an increase up to Day 20 and subsequently decreased during storage. We selected miR‐96 and subjected it to standard bioinformatics analyses for target gene predictions, which identified several mRNAs including the RBC proapoptotic calpain small subunit‐1 (CAPNS1) as potential targets of miR‐96. To validate these predictions, we selected CAPNS1 mRNA as an example and confirmed its presence in the RBCs. Future experimental verification would help define miR‐96–CAPNS1 interaction, if any, in the stored RBCs.CONCLUSIONS: This study for the first time provided a differential profile of stored RBCs for selected miRNAs related to cellular apoptotic pathway and opened new avenues toward identification of novel in vitro RBC biomarkers of storage lesions. Future studies focusing on target gene‐miRNA interactions in stored RBCs would also unravel underlying mechanisms of storage lesions.
Resilience in Public Administration: The Work of Elinor and Vincent Ostrom from a Public Administration Perspective
Authors: Toonen Theo 
Published: February 2010

This essay examines the remarkable careers of Elinor and Vincent Ostrom, exploring polycentricity and human management of common property resources from the “no‐name fields” of public administration in the late 1950s, through the metropolitan public service industries and public choice approach to democratic administration in the 1960s and 1970s and the institutional analysis of common pool resource management of the 1980s and 1990s. It continues with the diagnosis of the self‐governing capabilities of socio‐ecological systems in the 2000s. Many continuities underlie focal shifts in attention. Their work will be related to developments in the public administration field along with illustrations of their pioneer example for public administration on research as a collaborative enterprise. The 2009 Nobel Laureate in economics, Elinor Ostrom has been working from an academic background and intellectual tradition that, particularly through her long‐term collaboration with Vincent Ostrom, is strongly rooted in the classical and prevailing institutional concerns that may be seen as core to public administration as an academic field of education and research.We simply study institutions, that is what we do.—Elinor Ostrom
Factor structure of a conceptual model of oral health tested among 65‐year olds in Norway and Sweden
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Ekbäck Gunnar , Ordell Sven 
Published: February 2010

Åstrøm AN, Ekbäck G, Ordell S. Factor structure of a conceptual model of oral health tested among 65‐year olds in Norway and Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Background:  No studies have tested oral health‐related quality of life models in dentate older adults across different populations.Objectives:  To test the factor structure of oral health outcomes within Gilbert’s conceptual model among 65‐year olds in Sweden and Norway. It was hypothesized that responses to 14 observed indicators could be explained by three correlated factors, symptom status, functional limitations and oral disadvantages, that each observed oral health indicator would associate more strongly with the factor it is supposed to measure than with competing factors and that the proposed 3‐factor structure would possess satisfactory cross‐national stability with 65‐year olds in Norway and Sweden.Methods:  In 2007, 6078 Swedish‐ and 4062 Norwegian adults borne in 1942 completed mailed questionnaires including oral symptoms, functional limitations and the eight item Oral Impacts on Daily Performances inventory.Results:  Model generation analysis was restricted to the Norwegian study group and the model achieved was tested without modifications in Swedish 65‐year olds. A modified 3‐factor solution with cross‐loadings, improved the fit to the data compared with a 2‐factor‐ and the initially proposed 3‐factor model among the Norwegian [comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.97] and Swedish (CFI = 0.98) participants. All factor loadings for the modified 3‐factor model were in the expected direction and were statistically significant at CR > 1. Multiple group confirmatory factor analyses, with Norwegian and Swedish data simultaneously revealed acceptable fit for the unconstrained model (CFI = 0.97), whereas unconstrained and constrained models were statistically significant different in nested model comparison.Conclusions:  Within construct validity of Gilbert’s model was supported with Norwegian and Swedish 65‐year olds, indicating that the 14‐item questionnaire reflected three constructs; symptom status, functional limitation and oral disadvantage. Measurement invariance was confirmed at the level of factor structure, suggesting that the 3‐factor model is comparable to some extent across 65‐year olds in Norway and Sweden.
The association between fluoride in drinking water and dental caries in Danish children. Linking data from health registers, environmental registers and administrative registers
Authors: Kirkeskov Lilli , Kristiansen Eva , Bøggild Henrik , Von Platen‐Hallermund Frants , Sckerl Halfdan , Carlsen Anders , Larsen M. Joost , Poulsen Sven 
Published: February 2010

Kirkeskov L, Kristiansen E, Bøggild H, von Platen‐Hallermund F, Sckerl H, Carlsen A, Larsen MJ, Poulsen S. The association between fluoride in drinking water and dental caries in Danish children. Linking data from health registers, environmental registers and administrative registers. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 206–212. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  To study the association between fluoride concentration in drinking water and dental caries in Danish children.Methods:  The study linked registry data on fluoride concentration in drinking water over a 10‐year period with data on dental caries from the Danish National Board of Health database on child dental health for 5‐year‐old children born in 1989 and 1999, and for 15‐year‐old children born in 1979 and 1989. The number of children included in the cohorts varied between 41.000 and 48.000. Logistic regression was used to assess the correlations, adjusting for gender and taxable family income as a proxy variable for socioeconomic status.Results:  Fluoride concentration in drinking water varied considerably within the country from very low (<0.10 mg/l) to more than 1.5 mg/l. Only little variation was found over the 10‐year study period. Dental caries in both 5‐year‐olds and 15‐year‐olds decreased over the study period. An inverse relation between the risk of dental caries and fluoride concentration in drinking water was found in both primary and permanent teeth. The risk was reduced by approximately 20% already at the lowest level of fluoride exposure (0.125–0.25 mg/l). At the highest level of fluoride exposure (>1 mg/l), a reduction of approximately 50% was found. Similar findings were found if analysis was limited to children residing in the same place during the entire study period.Conclusions:  The study confirmed previous findings of an inverse relation between fluoride concentration in the drinking water and dental caries in children. This correlation was found in spite of the extensive use of fluoridated toothpaste and caries‐preventive programs implemented by the municipal dental services in Denmark. Linking Danish health registers with environmental and administrative registers offers an opportunity for obtaining sample sizes large enough to identify health effect, which otherwise could not be identified.
Patterns in naevoid skin disease: development, disease and modelling
Authors: Gilmore Stephen J. 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Patterns in naevoid skin disease: development, disease and modelling. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 240–245.Abstract:  The aetiology of pattern‐formation in human naevoid skin disease remains unknown. However, it is likely that the majority of previously proposed mechanisms – those that simply rely on passive clonal trafficking in embryogenesis – are incomplete. A more comprehensive explanation for pattern‐formation in naevi invokes the principle of self‐organization. We define two types of patterning: anatomical and functional. Anatomical patterning is where the abnormal clone is limited to regions of pathologic skin, while functional patterning is where the abnormal clone and pathologic skin are spatially uncorrelated. From a theoretical perspective self‐organized naevoid patterns may be either secondary to local interactions between normal and aberrant genotypes or due to the interaction between aberrant genotypes and the presence of normal embryonic patterning cues. The latter possibility suggests the critical observation and analysis of patterns in naevoid skin disease may lead to unique insights into key aspects of early human embryogenesis.
Factors associated with successful establishment of breastfeeding in very preterm infants
Authors: Zachariassen G , Faerk J , Grytter C , Esberg BH , Juvonen P , Halken S 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  To describe feeding practices at hospital discharge in relation to characteristics of the very preterm infants (VPI) and their mothers.Methods:  Design. Prospective hospital‐based registration of very preterm infants born with a gestational age ≤32 weeks in Denmark during 2004–2008. Subjects. Healthy mothers and VPI without diseases causing eating disabilities at discharge.Results:  A total of 478 VPI were registered. At discharge, 60% were exclusively breastfed, 35% were exclusively bottlefed, and 5% were both breast‐ and bottle‐fed. Mothers of high social class (p = 0.000) and ‘not smoking’ (p = 0.003) were significantly more often breastfeeding their preterm infant(s) at discharge. Single births infants tended more often to be breastfed (p = 0.09). Infant age at discharge and duration of hospitalization did not influence breastfeeding at discharge. Increase in weight z‐score from birth to discharge was largest in the bottlefeeding‐group compared with the breastfeeding‐group (p = 0.000) probably as a result of feeding practice the last week(s) of hospitalization.Conclusion:  Breastfeeding can successfully be established in very preterm infants. Mothers of low social classes, smokers, multiple birth and very preterm infants with low weight for age may need extra attention in breastfeeding establishing policies.
Ten‐Year Retrospective Follow‐Up Study of the TiOblast™ Dental Implant
Authors: Al‐Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W. , Morbach Thomas , Ladwein Catharina , Wegener Joachim , Wagner Wilfried 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose: Long‐term results in the clinical outcome of different implant systems, including high patient numbers and a long follow‐up time, are rare. This retrospective study evaluated the cumulative survival rate of a self‐tapping, cylindrical implant system with a conical implant‐abutment connection after 10 years of prosthetic loading.Materials and Methods: A total of 516 TiOblast™ implants (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden) were placed in 108 patients. The patients were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, between September 1994 and May 2005. The main indications for implantation were the treatment of edentulous mandibles (74%) and partial edentulism (15%). Twenty‐three implants were placed postradiation, and a further 64 implants were irradiated after insertion. In 153 implants, a bony augmentation was conducted prior to implantation.Results: The in situ rate was 89.7% after an average implantation time of 108 months. Eighty‐three patients with 403 implants were available for investigation. Seventeen patients with 76 implants have died since 1994. Absence of osseointegration (n = 22), peri‐implantitis (n = 18), fracture of the implants (n = 9), failing of primary stability (n = 2), and implants next to tumors (n = 2) were the reasons of explantation in 26 patients. Under analysis with different implant success‐assessment criteria, the success rate showed results from 76 to 89%.Conclusion: With respect to the critical patient selection including a high number of patients with minor and major augmentations, the 10‐year clinical use of the studied implant system showed acceptable results.
Bone Response to Free‐Form Fabricated Hydroxyapatite and Zirconia Scaffolds: A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study in the Human Maxilla
Authors: Grandfield Kathryn , Palmquist Anders , Ericson Fredric , Malmström Johan , Emanuelsson Lena , Slotte Christer , Adolfsson Erik , Botton Gianluigi A. , Thomsen Peter , Engqvist Håkan 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: Understanding the interfacial reactions to synthetic bone regenerative scaffolds in vivo is fundamental for improving osseointegration and osteogenesis. Using transmission electron microscopy, it is possible to study the biological response of hydroxyapatite (HA) and zirconia (ZrO2) scaffolds at the nanometer scale.Purpose: In this study, the bone‐bonding abilities of HA and ZrO2 scaffolds produced by free‐form fabrication were evaluated in the human maxilla at 3 months and 7 months.Materials and Methods: HA and ZrO2 scaffolds (ø: 3 mm) were implanted in the human maxilla, removed with surrounding bone, embedded in resin, and sectioned. A novel focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation technique enabled the production of thin lamellae for study by scanning transmission electron microscopy.Results: Interface regions were investigated using high‐angle annular dark‐field imaging and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis. Interfacial apatite layers of 80 nm and 50 nm thickness were noted in the 3‐ and 7‐month HA samples, respectively, and bone growth was discovered in micropores up to 10 µm into the samples.Conclusions: The absence of an interfacial layer in the ZrO2 samples suggest the formation of a direct contact with bone, while HA, which bonds through an apatite layer, shows indications of resorption with increasing implantation time. This study demonstrates the potential of HA and ZrO2 scaffolds for use as bone regenerative materials.