bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Autoclave Mortar Bar Method to Determine the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of St. Lawrence Lowlands Carbonate Aggregates (Quebec, Canada)
Authors: Fournier B , Berubé M-A , Bergeron G 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
An autoclave mortar bar method is proposed to evaluate the potential alkali-silica reactivity of the limestone and dolostone aggregates produced in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The influence of various parameters on the test results and the precision of the adopted test procedure were first evaluated. The method was then applied to 40 carbonate aggregates sampled along the St. Lawrence Lowlands. Expansion limits are suggested based on the behavior of these aggregates under standard testing conditions and on field performance. The reaction products developed in the mortar bars during the test, as observed under the SEM, were also investigated.
Use of High Volumes of Class C and Class F Fly Ash in Concrete
Authors: Naik TR , Ramme BW , Tews JH 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This paper reports the results of research performed in the development and use of high volumes of Class C and Class F fly ash in concrete mixes for roadway paving projects.
Mix proportions were developed for paving roadway concrete with 20 and 50% Class C fly ash and 40% Class F fly ash replacements for Portland cement. These mixes were used to demonstrate their potential for highway paving work. Actual application test results are presented including fresh concrete data, compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and freezing and thawing durability data.
The test results indicate that high volumes of Class C and Class F fly ash can be used to produce high-quality pavements in concrete with excellent performance.
Effect of Elevated Curing Temperature on the Chloride Permeability of High-Strength Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Gjørv OE , Tan K , Monteiro PJM 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Due to high cement contents and reduced heat capacity, high-strength lightweight concrete is often exposed to elevated curing temperatures. In the production of lightweight concrete the aggregate is often wetted before use, but sometimes dry aggregate is also applied. In order to find out whether elevated curing temperatures in combination with varying moisture conditions of the aggregate would affect the concrete permeability, an experimental investigation was carried out. The results showed that maximum curing temperatures of up to 80°C did not adversely affect the compressive strength when dry aggregate was used, while a temperature above 50°C reduced the compressive strength when wet aggregate was employed. Temperatures above 65°C increased the permeability in both cases of aggregate moisture condition. At 20°C the compressive strength was higher for the wet aggregate concrete (103.8 MPa) compared to that of the dry aggregate concrete (95.3 MPa), but the permeability was also higher for the wet aggregate concrete (150%). When all the moisture was removed at 105°C, the wet aggregate concrete absorbed approximately 15% more water by capillary absorption than the dry aggregate concrete. Backscattered electron images showed a very dense transition zone between cement paste and aggregate both for the dry and the wet aggregate concrete.
Evaluation of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as a Cementitious Admixture—A Case Study
Authors: Hamling JW , Kriner RW 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Currently, Inland Steel Co. generates approximately two million tons/year of iron blast furnace slag. This material is disposed of in a landfill which has a life expectancy to 1995. With the completion of the landfill rapidly approaching, an alternative means of slag disposal is necessary. Based on a review of the literature, it was determined that water granulation is one possible means for upgrading the utilization potential of blast furnace slag. This paper summarizes the results of a 1-ton/min pilot plant investigation (covering 101 furnace taps) aimed at determining if water-granulated slag from Inland's Blast Furnace No. 7, when suitably ground, can be used as a cementitious admixture for concrete and mortar. From the results it was concluded that a product of acceptable quality meeting ASTM Specification for Ground Iron Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars (C 989) can be produced.
The effect of granulator operating controls and chemical composition of slag on product quality were also investigated. For product quality control, the hydraulic index was found to be the best indicator of slag quality. The percentage of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) in the slag were found to produce the most significant correlations to the three- and seven-day compressive strengths of the mortar cubes. No significant correlations were observed between operating parameters and the three, seven, and twenty-eight day compressive strengths.
Task Force Report on ASTM D 2419: Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate, Prepared for ASTM Subcommittee D 04.51
Authors: Malphurs P , Doty RN , Tatum VK 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This interlaboratory study compared ASTM D 2419 test results using three different sample preparation techniques. Established preparation Procedures A and B were compared against a new proposed Procedure C, currently being used by the Georgia Department of Transportation (DOT). Sand equivalent (SE) testing was done at eight different laboratories, and the data were analyzed by ASTM Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods (E 691) computer program, Interlaboratory Data Analysis Software. Results of this study conclude that the proposed Procedure C gives essentially the same results as Procedure A and is easier and less cumbersome to perform. Results also showed that there is no reason to differentiate between SE values above or below 80 when applying a precision statement.
The second part of this study compared SE results from tests using minus No. 4 (4.75-mm) material against tests using minus No. 10 (2.0 mm). It was felt that SE testing with larger top-size particles, particularly with flat or elongated aggregates, tends to trap plastic fines and gives poorer results than tests run with smaller top-size particles. This study shows that tests using minus No. 10 (2.0-mm) material gives more consistent results than using minus No. 4 (4.75 mm).
Properties of Zeolite as an Air-Entraining Agent in Cellular Concrete
Authors: Naiqian F 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This paper describes a new type of lightweight concrete using zeolite as an air-entraining agent. The cement paste expands in the presence of the zeolite powder, and after setting and hardening a cellular concrete is formed. The compressive strength of concrete after standard curing for 28 days is 4.5 to 5.5 MPa, and the density is about 750 to 850 kg/m3. The zeolite in concrete can also react with the cement paste during its hydration, and therefore the strength of concrete can increase further with age.
Towards a hydroinformatics framework to aid decision-making for catchment management
Authors: Hewett C. J. M. , Doyle A. , Quinn P. F. 
Published: January 2010

What is the role of hydroinformatics in improving the balance between profitable rural landscapes and environmental quality? Growing recognition of the need for integrated approaches to land and water management, taking account of socio-economic development and environmental considerations, has given rise to concepts such as sustainable development and Integrated River Basin Management. Models and information systems have a place in integrated land–water management, but only if researchers and practitioners engage with wider concerns and work across disciplines. Thus a balanced approach to decision-making is proposed involving partnerships between stakeholders and researchers in the natural and social sciences, using quantitative and qualitative tools. Involvement of stakeholders tied to all scales is essential to building successful partnerships and thus the importance of public engagement is emphasized.
A multi-scale land and water management framework is proposed that attempts to capitalize on current expertise. The place of hydroinformatics tools such as models, GIS and flow visualization software is discussed and a number of specific tools are presented including a novel decision support tool: the Decision Support Matrix. The use of conceptual models to aid communication is discussed and two attempts to apply the framework from projects in the UK and the Western Balkans are presented.
Ant-colony-based simulation–optimization modeling for the design of a forced water pipeline system considering the effects of dynamic pressures
Authors: Abbasi H. , Afshar A. , Jalali M. R. 
Published: January 2010

Valve and pump shut-off in water pipeline systems lead to transient flow. This flow is a complex phenomenon and is potentially a very serious problem causing extra dynamic pressure in the system. Within the last few decades, the evolutionary and meta-heuristic algorithms, such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing. More recently, however, ant-colony optimization algorithms have received considerable attention. In this paper the procedure and application of the ant-colony optimization algorithm to the design of a water supply pipeline system, considering dynamic pressures arising from valve closure, is presented. A simulation–optimization interaction loop (SOIL) is defined that cycles between the steady-state and transient flow modules to describe the hydraulics of the pipeline and ant colony optimization algorithm. A hydraulic simulation module is coupled with the ant colony optimization algorithm to form an efficient and powerful software program which locates the pumping stations at any possible or predefined locations while optimizing their specifications, along with pipe diameters, at each decision point. The model may equally regard or disregard the dynamic pressures.
Two examples are provided to illustrate the proposed methodology which is limited to the solution of any gravity and/or forced water supply pipeline which is typical for water supply systems.
SIRT1 mRNA Expression May Be Associated With Energy Expenditure and Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Rutanen Jarno , Yaluri Nagendra , Modi Shalem , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Vänttinen Markku , Itkonen Paula , Kainulainen Sakari , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Lagouge Marie , Sinclair David A. , Elliott Peter , Westphal Christoph , Auwerx Johan , Laakso Markku 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in rodents. No studies are available in humans to demonstrate that SIRT1 expression in insulin-sensitive tissues is associated with energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Energy expenditure (EE), insulin sensitivity, and SIRT1 mRNA adipose tissue expression (n = 81) were measured by indirect calorimetry, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and quantitative RT-PCR in 247 nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic patients.

RESULTS
High EE during the clamp (r = 0.375, P = 2.8 × 10−9) and high ΔEE (EE during the clamp − EE in the fasting state) (r = 0.602, P = 2.5 × 10−24) were associated with high insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue SIRT1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with EE (r = 0.289, P = 0.010) and with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.334, P = 0.002) during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Furthermore, SIRT1 mRNA expression correlated significantly with the expression of several genes regulating mitochondrial function and energy metabolism (e.g., peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1β, estrogen-related receptor α, nuclear respiratory factor-1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A), and with several genes of the respiratory chain (e.g., including NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1α subcomplex 2, cytochrome c, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, and ATP synthase).

CONCLUSIONS
Impaired stimulation of EE by insulin and low SIRT1 expression in insulin-sensitive tissues is likely to reflect impaired regulation of mitochondrial function associated with insulin resistance in humans.
The Natural Protective Mechanism Against Hyperglycemia in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Riahi Yael , Sin-Malia Yoav , Cohen Guy , Alpert Evgenia , Gruzman Arie , Eckel Juergen , Staels Bart , Guichardant Michel , Sasson Shlomo 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) downregulate their rate of glucose uptake in response to hyperglycemia by decreasing the expression of their typical glucose transporter GLUT-1. Hitherto, we discovered critical roles for the protein calreticulin and the arachidonic acid–metabolizing enzyme 12-lipoxygenase in this autoregulatory process. The hypothesis that 4-hydroxydodeca-(2E,6Z)-dienal (4-HDDE), the peroxidation product of 12-lipoxygenase, mediates this downregulatory mechanism by activating peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) δ was investigated.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Effects of 4-HDDE and PPARδ on the glucose transport system and calreticulin expression in primary bovine aortic endothelial cells were evaluated by pharmacological and molecular interventions.

RESULTS
Using GW501516 (PPARδ agonist) and GSK0660 (PPARδ antagonist), we discovered that high-glucose–induced downregulation of the glucose transport system in VECs is mediated by PPARδ. A PPAR-sensitive luciferase reporter assay in VECs revealed that high glucose markedly increased luciferase activity, while GSK0660 abolished it. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that high-glucose incubation substantially elevated the generation of 4-HDDE in VECs. Treatment of VECs, exposed to normal glucose, with 4-HDDE mimicked high glucose and downregulated the glucose transport system and increased calreticulin expression. Like high glucose, 4-HDDE significantly activated PPARδ in cells overexpressing human PPAR (hPPAR)δ but not hPPARα, -γ1, or -γ2. Moreover, silencing of PPARδ prevented high-glucose–dependent alterations in GLUT-1 and calreticulin expression. Finally, specific binding of PPARδ to a PPAR response element in the promoter region of the calreticulin gene was identified by utilizing a specific chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.

CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, our data show that 4-HDDE plays a central role in the downregulation of glucose uptake in VECs by activating PPARδ.
Effects of Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone on β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin
Authors: DeFronzo Ralph A. , Triplitt Curtis , Qu Yongming , Lewis Michelle S. , Maggs David , Glass Leonard C. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Study the effects of exenatide (EXE) plus rosiglitazone (ROSI) on β-cell function and insulin sensitivity using hyperglycemic and euglycemic insulin clamp techniques in participants with type 2 diabetes on metformin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this 20-week, randomized, open-label, multicenter study, participants (mean age, 56 ± 10 years; weight, 93 ± 16 kg; A1C, 7.8 ± 0.7%) continued their metformin regimen and received either EXE 10 μg b.i.d. (n = 45), ROSI 4 mg b.i.d. (n = 45), or EXE 10 μg b.i.d. + ROSI 4 mg b.i.d. (n = 47). Seventy-three participants underwent clamp procedures to quantitate insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.

RESULTS
A1C declined in all groups (P &lt; 0.05), but decreased most with EXE+ROSI (EXE+ROSI, −1.3 ± 0.1%; ROSI, −1.0 ± 0.1%, EXE, −0.9 ± 0.1%; EXE+ROSI vs. EXE or ROSI, P &lt; 0.05). ROSI resulted in weight gain, while EXE and EXE+ROSI resulted in weight loss (EXE, −2.8 ± 0.5 kg; EXE+ROSI, −1.2 ± 0.5 kg; ROSI, + 1.5 ± 0.5 kg; P &lt; 0.05 between and within all groups). At week 20, 1st and 2nd phase insulin secretion was significantly higher in EXE and EXE+ROSI versus ROSI (both P &lt; 0.05). Insulin sensitivity (M value) was significantly higher in EXE+ROSI versus EXE (P = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS
Therapy with EXE+ROSI offset the weight gain observed with ROSI and elicited an additive effect on glycemic control with significant improvements in β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.
Increased matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression is associated with progression from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive carcinoma
Authors: MÄÄTTÄ MILLA , SANTALA MARKKU , SOINI YLERMI , TURPEENNIEMI‐HUJANEN TAINA , TALVENSAARI‐MATTILA ANNE 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP‐2) and 9 (MMP‐9) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1) and 2 (TIMP‐2) in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN I–III) and in vulvar invasive carcinoma were evaluated. Design. A retrospective study. Setting. Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Sample. The study population consisted of 68 patients with vulvar neoplasia (13 VIN I, 5 VIN II, 6 VIN III and 44 squamous cell carcinomas). Methods. Paraffin‐embedded tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemistry. Main outcome measures. MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 expression in VIN compared to vulvar carcinoma. Results. In VIN I–III MMP‐2 expression was positive in 13%, MMP‐9 in 13%, TIMP‐1 in 50% and TIMP‐2 in 17% of patients. The positive expressions in patients with vulvar carcinoma were 52% for MMP‐2, 36% for MMP‐9, 41% for TIMP‐1 and 78% for TIMP‐2. Conclusions. We conclude that over‐expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and TIMP‐2 may be associated with the progression from VIN to invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.
Incidence of pulmonary embolism and other chest findings in younger patients using multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Herédia Vasco , Ramalho Miguel , Zapparoli Mauricio , Semelka Richard C. 
Published: January 2010

Background: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has become the first-line modality for imaging patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). The disadvantages of MDCT, the use of ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast agents, are a reasonable cause of concern, especially in young patients, and therefore it is critical to understand the likelihood of PE in these patients to evaluate a risk benefit analysis. Purpose: To calculate the incidence of PE and other chest findings on MDCT in a young adult population investigated for PE. Material and Methods: 387 consecutive patients (age 31.5±13.5 years) underwent chest MDCT for clinically suspected PE between January 2004 and August 2006. Incidence of PE and other chest findings were calculated with a confidence interval of 95% using binomial distribution. Results: PE incidence was 5%; negative PE with other chest findings was 60%. In 89% of the patients with other chest findings, these included findings of the pleura and/or lung parenchyma. The main patterns of disease were lung opacification suggesting pneumonia (41%), atelectasis (12.4%), and nodular/mass findings (17.5%). In 34% of the patients, there was no PE and no other findings present. Conclusion: There is a low incidence of PE in young patients imaged for PE with MDCT.
A new glacier inventory on southern Baffin Island, Canada, from ASTER data: I. Applied methods, challenges and solutions
Authors: Svoboda Felix , Paul Frank 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe quantitative assessment of glacier changes as well as improved modeling of climate-change impacts on glaciers requires digital vector outlines of individual glacier entities. Unfortunately, such a glacier inventory is still lacking in many remote but extensively glacierized gions such as the Canadian Arctic. Multispectral satellite data in combination with digital elevation models (DEMs) a particularly useful for creating detailed glacier inventory data including topographic information for each entity. In this study, we extracted glacier outlines and a DEM using two adjacent Terra ASTER scenes acquired in August 2000 for a remote region on southern Baffin Island, Canada. Additionally, Little Ice Age (LIA) extents we digitized from trimlines and moraines visible on the ASTER scenes, and Landsat MSS and TM scenes from the years 1975 and 1990 we used to assess changes in glacier length and area. Because automated delineation of glaciers is based on a band in the shortwave infrared, we have developed a new semi-automated glacier-mapping approach for the MSS sensor. Wrongly classified debris-coved glaciers, water bodies and attached snowfields we corrected manually for both ASTER and MSS. Glacier drainage divides we manually digitized by combining visual interptation with DEM information. In this first paper, we describe the applied methods for glacier mapping and the glaciological challenges encounted (e.g. data voids, snow cover, ice caps, tributaries), while the second paper ports the data analyses and the derived changes.
Paléoenvironnements pléistocènes et peuplements paléolithiques dans le bassin de la Somme (nord de la France)
Authors: Antoine Pierre , Limondin-Lozouet Nicole , Auguste Patrick , Lamotte Agnès , Bahain Jean-Jacques , Falguères Christophe , Laurent Michel , Coudret Paule , Locht Jean-Luc , Depaepe Pascal , Fagnart Jean-Pierre , Fontugne Michel , Hatté Christine , Mercier Norbert , Frechen Manfred , Moigne Anne-Marie , Munaut André-Valentin , Ponel Philippe , Rousseau Denis-Didier 
Published: February 2010

This paper represents a synthetic overview of the main results of the CNRS Programme " Palaeoenvironments and Hominids ". This project focused on the study of interactions between human occupation and environmental modification, between 500 and 10 kyrs BP, based on multidisciplinary and diachronic studies of key sites in the Somme Basin. The main analytic results concern ESR, TL-IRSL and 14C dates, which reinforce the chrono-stratigraphical interpretation of the various Palaeolithic sites. At the same time, bioclimatic analyses of fluvial sediments (palynology, malacology, analysis of Coleoptera), combined with the measurement of δ13C variations of organic carbon, and of the low-field magnetic susceptibility in loess and fossil soils, allowed the restitution of the various Pleistocene environments, and especially of the full Interglacials, to be refined. The main conclusions of the synthesis of archaeological, chronostratigraphical and environmental data are the following.
1) The earliest human occupations in the Somme Basin are no older than 500-450 kyrs BP and are straight away represented by well evolved Acheulean industries (beginning of MIS 12, according to the data from modern excavations).
2) During the last climatic cycle, human occupation of the Somme Basin was clearly discontinuous and strongly influenced by climatic and environmental modifications: maximum during the Early-Glacial, some occupations during the Lower and Middle Maximum Glaciations, rare occurrences around 23-24 kyrs (14C), total abandonment of the area between 23 and 13 kyrs, then reoccupation with the beginning of the Lateglacial climatic improvement.
3) Although the data are less numerous, the model of the last climatic cycle seems to apply during the Middle Pleistocene for the end of the Saalian (occupation at the end of MIS 7 or at the transition MIS7/MIS6, and desertion of the area during the cold maximum of MIS 6).
4) Finally, between 500/450 and 200 kyrs human settlements mainly occurred during periods of climatic transition (Early or Lateglacial). From a general point of view, the human occupation of the Somme Basin during the Middle Pleistocene was therefore discontinuous and strongly influenced by climatic and environmental factors.