bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of intersegmental vertebral motion during performance of dynamic mobilization exercises in cervical lateral bending in horses
Authors: Clayton Hilary M. , Kaiser LeeAnn J. , Lavagnino Michael , Stubbs Narelle C. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To identify differences in intersegmental bending angles in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar portions of the vertebral column between the end positions during performance of 3 dynamic mobilization exercises in cervical lateral bending in horses.
Animals—8 nonlame horses.
Procedures—Skin-fixed markers on the head, cervical transverse processes (C1–C6) and spinous processes (T6, T8, T10, T16, L2, L6, S2, and S4) were tracked with a motion analysis system with the horses standing in a neutral position and in 3 lateral bending positions to the left and right sides during chin-to-girth, chin-to-hip, and chin-to-tarsus mobilization exercises. Intersegmental angles for the end positions in the various exercises performed to the left and right sides were compared.
Results—The largest changes in intersegmental angles were at C6, especially for the chin-to-hip and chin-to-tarsus mobilization exercises. These exercises were also associated with greater lateral bending from T6 to S2, compared with the chin-to-girth mobilization or neutral standing position. The angle at C1 revealed considerable bending in the chin-to-girth position but not in the 2 more caudal positions.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The amount of bending in different parts of the cervical vertebral column differed among the dynamic mobilization exercises. As the horse's chin moved further caudally, bending in the caudal cervical and thoracolumbar regions increased, suggesting that the more caudal positions may be particularly effective for activating and strengthening the core musculature that is used to bend and stabilize the horse's back.
Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and body condition on serum concentrations of adipokines in healthy dogs
Authors: Mazaki-Tovi Michal , Abood Sarah K. , Schenck Patricia A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine associations between serum concentrations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or body condition and serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, insulin, glucose, or triglyceride in healthy dogs.
Animals—62 healthy adult client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Body condition score and percentage of body fat were determined. Blood samples were collected after food was withheld for 12 hours. Serum was harvested for total lipid determination, fatty acid analysis, and measurement of serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, insulin, glucose, and triglyceride. Associations between the outcome variables (adiponectin, leptin, insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations) and each of several variables (age, sex, percentage of body fat, and concentrations of total lipid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) were determined.
Results—Serum concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid were significantly positively associated with concentrations of adiponectin and leptin and negatively associated with concentrations of triglyceride. Serum concentrations of α-linolenic acid were significantly positively associated with concentrations of triglyceride. No significant associations were detected between serum concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid and any of the outcome variables. Percentage of body fat was significantly positively associated with concentrations of leptin, insulin, and triglyceride but was not significantly associated with adiponectin concentration. Age was positively associated with concentrations of leptin, insulin, and triglyceride and negatively associated with concentrations of adiponectin. Sex did not significantly affect serum concentrations for any of the outcome variables.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Docosapentaenoic acid may increase serum concentrations of adiponectin and leptin and decrease serum triglyceride concentration in healthy dogs.
Influence of Application Variables on Efficacy of Manganese-Containing Fertilizers Applied to Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Jordan David L. , Lancaster Sarah H. , Lanier James E. , Johnson P. Dewayne , Beam Joshua B. , York Alan C. , Brandenburg Rick L. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Several formulations of the essential element manganese (Mn) are commercially available for application to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Research was conducted in North Carolina to compare accumulation of Mn in peanut leaves, stems, and pods following application of water soluble manganese sulfate including 17.5% Mn (Techmangum® or Man-Gro DF®) and liquid Mn formulations including 5.0% Mn (Manganese Xtra©) or 8% Mn (Nutrisol 8% Manganese™). Experiments were also conducted to determine the influence of herbicides, adjuvants, and selected fungicide and insecticide combinations on Mn accumulation in peanut leaves. A second experiment was conducted to determine if efficacy of clethodim, imazapic, imazethapyr, lactofen, sethoxydim, and 2,4-DB was affected by Mn formulations when applied in mixture. Experiments were also conducted to determine the effect of Mn on efficacy of the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole. More Mn was found in leaves when dry formulations of Mn were applied compared to liquid formulations, reflecting the higher amount of actual Mn delivered per ha based on manufacturer recommendations of these products. Accumulation of Mn was higher when Mn was applied with the herbicides clethodim, imazapic, and lactofen compared with Mn alone or Mn plus 2,4-DB. Accumulation of Mn was similar for Mn alone or most combinations of Mn with fungicides and insecticides. Manganese did not affect corn (Zea mays L.) control by clethodim or sethoxydim; large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control by clethodim; Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] control by imazethapyr; sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby] control by imazapic, imazethapyr, or 2,4-DB; or tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth] control by imazapic. In contrast, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) control by lactofen was reduced by dry manganese but not the 8% liquid solution. Peanut canopy defoliation was similar when the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, or tebuconazole individually were compared alone, with Mn, or Mn plus the insecticide lambda cyhalothrin.
Characterization of new microsatellite loci isolated from Santiria trimera (Burseraceae)
Authors: Koffi K. Guillaume , Heuertz Myriam , Jans Romain , Hardy Olivier J. , Vendramin Giovanni G. , Duminil Jérôme 
Published: July 2012

• Premise of the study: To study the genetic structure among three morphotypes of an African rainforest tree species, Santiria trimera, nuclear microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized.• Methods and Results: Seven polymorphic loci were isolated using a pyrosequencing‐based protocol and successfully amplified on three different morphotypes of S. trimera. For six of the seven loci, there is at least one private allele for one of the three morphotypes. The mean effective number of alleles is about four for each of the three morphotypes.• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers are promising to explore the genetic delimitation among sympatric morphotypes found in Gabonese forests and to study the spatial genetic structure within each gene pool.
Ontologies as integrative tools for plant science
Authors: Walls Ramona L. , Athreya Balaji , Cooper Laurel , Elser Justin , Gandolfo Maria A. , Jaiswal Pankaj , Mungall Christopher J. , Preece Justin , Rensing Stefan , Smith Barry , Stevenson Dennis W. 
Published: July 2012

• Premise of the study: Bio‐ontologies are essential tools for accessing and analyzing the rapidly growing pool of plant genomic and phenomic data. Ontologies provide structured vocabularies to support consistent aggregation of data and a semantic framework for automated analyses and reasoning. They are a key component of the semantic web.• Methods: This paper provides background on what bio‐ontologies are, why they are relevant to botany, and the principles of ontology development. It includes an overview of ontologies and related resources that are relevant to plant science, with a detailed description of the Plant Ontology (PO). We discuss the challenges of building an ontology that covers all green plants (Viridiplantae).• Key results: Ontologies can advance plant science in four keys areas: (1) comparative genetics, genomics, phenomics, and development; (2) taxonomy and systematics; (3) semantic applications; and (4) education.• Conclusions: Bio‐ontologies offer a flexible framework for comparative plant biology, based on common botanical understanding. As genomic and phenomic data become available for more species, we anticipate that the annotation of data with ontology terms will become less centralized, while at the same time, the need for cross‐species queries will become more common, causing more researchers in plant science to turn to ontologies.
Therapy Failure Resulting from Superinfection by a Drug-Resistant HIV Variant
Authors: Pingen Marieke , Nouwen Jan L , Dinant Sander , Albert Jan , Mild Mattias , Brodin Johanna , Simen Birgitte B , Walsh Susan , Kayser Manfred , van der Ende Marchina E , Schutten Martin , Boucher Charles AB 
Published: July 2012

Background HIV-1-infected patients can be superinfected with additional HIV-1 variants. Therapy failure can be the consequence of an infection with a resistant strain. Methods A patient was diagnosed with a recent HIV-1 infection in April 2005 and subsequently clinically monitored. HIV-1 evolution was studied by population sequencing of the first 984 bases of the pol gene as well as 454 ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) of parts of the pol and env genes. Results The patient was diagnosed with a wild-type HIV-1 strain, but experienced rapid virological failure after initiating a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based treatment regimen 3 years later. Population sequencing and UDPS revealed the presence of a second HIV-1 strain with a Y188L NNRTI resistance mutation in a sample obtained shortly prior to initiation of therapy. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the two HIV-1 strains were genetically distinct, providing evidence for superinfection. Conclusions The virological treatment failure in this patient was probably due to the superinfection with an NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 variant. Superinfection with drug-resistant strains can undermine HIV-1 treatment regimens selected on the basis of resistance testing at diagnosis. Patients, especially in high-risk groups, as well as their clinicians, should be aware of the risks and dangers of superinfections.
L'autisme comme conséquence d'un trouble de l'intersubjectivité primaire
Authors: Muratori Filippo 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article considère l’autisme comme un « spectre » de conditions qui trouble, au premier chef, le développement de la compréhension interpersonnelle. Différentes recherches ayant montré que le défaut de comportements intersubjectifs est le meilleur indice pour le dépistage précoce des enfants avec autisme, on peut supposer que les comportements typiques de l’autisme déclaré peuvent être considérés comme les conséquences d’un trouble de l’intersubjectivité primaire et secondaire. Selon les nouvelles connaissances sur la maturation biologique du cerveau après la naissance, on a même proposé que ces difficultés intersubjectives ne permettraient pas, en cas d’autisme, la création de connexions normales à l’intérieur du réseau neuronal complexe dont le développement dépend surtout de l’expérience. Ce travail se fonde sur l’étude des séquences interactives précoces qui peuvent être observées sur des vidéos familiales d’enfants ultérieurement diagnostiqués comme autistes. À partir de telles observations, l’auteur suggère que les enfants avec autisme montreraient peu de réponses contingentes envers leurs mères, et que les épisodes de contingence seraient fonction d’une approche du caregive r caractérisée par une haute intensité et une richesse de comportements non verbaux comme le « mamanais ». D’où l’hypothèse que ce type d’approches jouerait un rôle important chez l’enfant, dans la création de séquences interactives contingentes qui refléterait la mise en place cérébrale de nouveaux réseaux de connexions neuronales. Cet article suggère enfin que l’unification des différents niveaux d’analyse proposée pourrait fournir des éléments pour une meilleure compréhension du développement de la sociabilité, et des idées nouvelles pour la prévention et la thérapie des déficits nucléaires de l’autisme.
Le travail du pulsionnel et ses différentes figures chez des enfants dits « tda/h »
Authors: Guinard Maïa 
Published: July 2012

Résumé L’article rend compte d’un travail de recherche visant à appréhender les modalités de traitement de l’excitation pulsionnelle chez des enfants diagnostiqués Trouble Déficitaire de l’Attention avec Hyperactivité ( tda/h ). L’excitation constituant le phénomène le plus apparent dans la rencontre clinique, l’auteur s’attache à distinguer différentes configurations correspondant à des modalités distinctes de prise en charge psychique de cette excitation. Chaque configuration est illustrée à l’aide d’exemples alliant matériel clinique et matériel projectif. À l’issue de cette étude, l’hypothèse proposée est que la symptomatologie peut être considérée non seulement sous l’angle de la décharge – souvent évoquée concernant l’agitation chez l’enfant – mais sous l’angle de la compulsion, celle-ci ayant pour particularité de se généraliser au corps entier.
Le Holodomor dans les relations russo-ukrainiennes (2005-2010). Guerre des mémoires, guerre des identités
Authors: Martin Barbara 
Published: July 2012

Résumé La Révolution orange de 2004 marqua en Ukraine un tournant nationaliste dans le domaine mémoriel, résultant en une exacerbation de la thématique du Holodomor , grande famine de 1932-1933, définie comme « génocide du peuple ukrainien ». Cet article examine la réaction russe à cette politique de mémoire et la « guerre des mémoires » qui se joua en 2008, du fait de l’offensive diplomatique de Kiev visant à obtenir la reconnaissance du Holodomor en tant que génocide sur la scène internationale. L’hypothèse présentée ici est que ce conflit reflète un affrontement entre deux conceptions identitaires incompatibles : d’une part, l’affirmation par Iouchtchenko d’une identité ukrainienne tournée vers l’Europe et détachée de son héritage soviétique et slave oriental ; d’autre part, une identité russe prônée par Poutine, reprenant largement l’héritage mémoriel soviétique et insistant sur la proximité culturelle des deux « peuples frères ».
Human H-Ficolin Inhibits Replication of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza A Viruses
Authors: Verma Anamika , White Mitchell , Vathipadiekal Vinod , Tripathi Shweta , Mbianda Julvet , Ieong Micheal , Qi Li , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , Takahashi Kazue , Jensenius Jens C. , Thiel Steffen , Hartshorn Kevan L. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The collectins have been shown to have a role in host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) and other significant viral pathogens (e.g., HIV). The ficolins are a related group of innate immune proteins that are present at relatively high concentrations in serum, but also in respiratory secretions; however, there has been little study of the role of ficolins in viral infection. In this study, we demonstrate that purified recombinant human H-ficolin and H-ficolin in human serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid bind to IAV and inhibit viral infectivity and hemagglutination activity in vitro. Removal of ficolins from human serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid reduces their antiviral activity. Inhibition of IAV did not involve the calcium-dependent lectin activity of H-ficolin. We demonstrate that H-ficolin is sialylated and that removal of sialic acid abrogates IAV inhibition, while addition of the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir potentiates neutralization, hemagglutinin inhibition, and viral aggregation caused by H-ficolin. Pandemic and mouse-adapted strains of IAV are generally not inhibited by the collectins surfactant protein D or mannose binding lectin because of a paucity of glycan attachments on the hemagglutinin of these strains. In contrast, H-ficolin inhibited both the mouse-adapted PR-8 H1N1 strain and a pandemic H1N1 strain from 2009. H-ficolin also fixed complement to a surface coated with IAV. These findings suggest that H-ficolin contributes to host defense against IAV.
Increased Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection in Signal Regulatory Protein α-Deficient Mice
Authors: Li Lin-Xi , Atif Shaikh M. , Schmiel Shirdi E. , Lee Seung-Joo , McSorley Stephen J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Recent studies have shed light on the connection between elevated erythropoetin production/spleen erythropoiesis and increased susceptibility to Salmonella infection. In this article, we provide another mouse model, the SIRPα-deficient (Sirpα−/−) mouse, that manifests increased erythropoiesis as well as heightened susceptibility to Salmonella infection. Sirpα−/− mice succumbed to systemic infection with attenuated Salmonella, possessing significantly higher bacterial loads in both the spleen and the liver. Moreover, Salmonella-specific Ab production and Ag-specific CD4 T cells were reduced in Sirpα−/− mice compared with wild-type controls. To further characterize the potential mechanism underlying SIRPα-dependent Ag-specific CD4 T cell priming, we demonstrate that lack of SIRPα expression on dendritic cells results in less efficient Ag processing and presentation in vitro. Collectively, these findings demonstrate an indispensable role of SIRPα for protective immunity to Salmonella infection.
Cutting Edge: Influence of Tmevpg1, a Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA, on the Expression of Ifng by Th1 Cells
Authors: Collier Sarah P. , Collins Patrick L. , Williams Christopher L. , Boothby Mark R. , Aune Thomas M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The majority of the genome is noncoding and was thought to be nonfunctional. However, it is now appreciated that transcriptional control of protein coding genes resides within these noncoding regions. Thousands of genes encoding long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been recently identified throughout the genome, which positively or negatively regulate transcription of neighboring target genes. Both TMEVPG1 and its mouse ortholog encode lincRNAs and are positioned near the IFN-γ gene (IFNG). In this study, we show that transcription of both mouse and human TMEVPG1 genes is Th1 selective and dependent on Stat4 and T-bet, transcription factors that drive the Th1 differentiation program. Ifng expression is partially restored in Stat4−/−Tbx21−/− cells through coexpression of T-bet and Tmevpg1, and Tmevpg1 expression contributes to, but alone is not sufficient to, drive Th1-dependent Ifng expression. Our results suggest that TMEVPG1 belongs to the general class of lincRNAs that positively regulate gene transcription.
International Trade and Polarization in the Labor Market
Authors: Das Satya P. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The paper builds an argument that international trade can be an explanation behind polarization of employment in the labor market observed in developed countries such as U.K. and U.S. It considers a small open economy, having production sectors which use three types of labor: high-skill, middle-skill and low-skill. The economy faces an increase in the relative price of the high-skill intensive sector. Using decision rules for choosing high-skill, middleskill and low-skill education, it is shown that such a terms-of- trade shock can lead to polarization: shrinkage of middle-skill jobs, combined with higher shares of high-skill as well as low-skill workers in the total workforce. The effects of off-shoring on wages and job composition are also studied. Off-shoring of low-skill and high-skill tasks, not middle-skill tasks, is shown to contribute towards polarization in job composition.
The Differential Diagnosis of Colitis in Endoscopic Biopsy Specimens: A Review Article
Authors: Cerilli Lisa A. , Greenson Joel K. 
Published: July 2012

Context.—A variety of inflammatory disorders may affect the colon, with widely differing clinical outcomes and management. These conditions encompass a spectrum of acute and chronic conditions.
Objective.—Review the pathology of the major colitides and highlight the most diagnostically useful features.
Data Sources.—Review of recent literature supplemented with personal experience in the field of gastrointestinal pathology.
Conclusions.—The etiologies associated with the various types of colitis are diverse and the range of histologic changes is somewhat limited. Nevertheless, the combination of clinical and endoscopic data coupled with histopathology allows for accurate classification in the majority of cases.
Graphene and other carbon sorbents for selective adsorption of thiophene from liquid fuel
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Yang Ralph T. , Sun Chia‐Liang 
Published: July 2012

SignificanceFour types of carbons (activated carbon, Maxsorb superactivated carbon, mesoporous templated carbon CMK‐3, and graphene) were investigated as selective sorbents for adsorption of thiophene from its solution in n‐octane. Graphene showed clearly the highest sulfur capacity. The relative sulfur capacities correlated well with the relative heats of adsorption. The carbene‐type zigzag edge sites and the carbyne‐type armchair edge sites on graphene are among the possible sites for strong interactions with thiophene.
Effects of soot nanoparticles on heat transfer and flow in fire‐tube waste heat boiler
Authors: Gao Yuguo , Dai Zhenghua , Li Chao , Wang Fuchen 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTSoot nanoparticles play a key role in heat transfer. A single‐phase model is proposed to study effects of soot nanoparticles on heat transfer in a fire‐tube waste heat boiler used in the process of bitumen gasification. In this model, the syngas containing a large amount of soot nanoparticles is treated as soot nanofluid. The model is applied in the numerical simulation of heat transfer in a fire tube in the waste heat boiler. Results show that soot nanoparticles enhance heat transfer not only by heat radiation mainly but also by the effects of microscale of soot nanoparticles especially at high temperature. Smaller sizes or larger quantities of soot nanoparticles can intensify heat transfer of the soot nanofluid. It is also indicated that structures of fire tubes affect the temperature and velocity fields significantly. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.