bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acaricide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Tetranychus urticae populations from rose greenhouses in the Netherlands
Authors: Khajehali Jahangir , Van Nieuwenhuyse Pieter , Demaeght Peter , Tirry Luc , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Spider mites are important crop pests that rapidly develop resistance to acaricides. To investigate whether acaricide resistance is a threat to greenhouse rose culture in the Netherlands, the susceptibility of 15 strains of Tetranychus urticae was tested to several currently used acaricides, and resistance mechanisms were investigated.RESULTS: Although the observed levels of susceptibility differed between strains and acaricides, resistance was detected in most strains. The activity of detoxifying enzymes was significantly increased in most field‐collected strains, and a number of amino acid substitutions known to be involved in resistance were detected.CONCLUSIONS: Resistance levels to traditional acaricides such as bifenthrin and abamectin were prominent, and might result in control failure under field conditions. Resistance to more recently registered compounds was detected in several populations. Resistance levels were generally unstable in the laboratory without selection pressure. The toxicological, biochemical and genetic data in this study will be essential in devising an efficient resistant management for Dutch rose culture. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
NO2 sensing properties of WO3 nanorods grown on mica
Authors: El Achhab Mhamed , Shanak Hussein , Schierbaum Klaus 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOne‐dimensional nanostructures of tungsten trioxide were prepared by a simple chemical vapour deposition technique. WO3 is sublimated onto cleaved (0001) oriented mica substrates in air at atmospheric pressure. We obtained needle‐type crystals (‘nanorods’), epitaxially oriented in three directions along the principal symmetry axes of mica. Their morphology was investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The WO3 structures were electrically contacted by means of four gold electrodes which were fabricated by optical lithography. In our experiments, we have analysed the NO2 sensing properties in a gas‐flow system with respect to stability, operation regimes, response and decay times, as well as cross‐sensitivity towards humidity.
Fabrication of a nanoporous dual‐electrode system for electrochemical redox cycling
Authors: Hüske Martin , Wolfrum Bernhard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNanoporous electrodes are promising tools for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of molecules by redox cycling. In here, we report on a novel approach for the on‐chip fabrication of nanoporous dual‐electrode systems. The fabrication is based on template assisted dry etching into an electrode–insulator–electrode structure using a nanoporous alumina film as a mask. The mask itself is patterned by directly anodizing an aluminum layer on top of the chip. Homogeneous growth of the alumina nanopores on a wafer scale is achieved by adding a titanium intermediate film between the top electrode and the aluminum substrate as a stopping layer. The resulting electrodes are separated by approximately 100 nm and have pore diameters in the range of 30–50 nm. Thus they are ideally suited for redox cycling experiments based on fast diffusion of molecules between the electrodes. Integrating this process into microfabricated electrode structures promises to yield a stable and sensitive electrochemical sensor platform.magnified image
Redox cycling scheme for a nanoporous dual‐electrode system. The close distance of anode and cathode provides a short diffusion path of oxidized and reduced molecules, as depicted by the arrows. The inlet shows a close‐up of the molecules within a pore. Different colours indicate different oxidation states.
Templating of polycrystalline ZnO with DNA and its performance in field‐effect transistors
Authors: Hoffmann Rudolf C. , Atanasova Petia , Dilfer Stefan , Bill Joachim , Schneider Jörg J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractField effect transistors (FET) with bottom gate/bottom contact arrangement are constructed using composites of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and nanoparticulate zinc oxide as semiconductor. Polycrystalline ZnO, is tethered onto double stranded DNA by means of a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique at about 60 °C. In the FET device the DNA/ZnO composite wires bridge the source and drain geometry in a stochastic arrangement. The carrier charge mobility was extracted as 5.52 × 10−5 cm2/V s; Ion/off ∼ 52.500 as well as Vth + 9.07 V. The device performance was obtained from as deposited material without further annealing. The presence of the DNA structure directing template seems to be beneficial for the FET performance.magnified image
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 5/2011
Authors: Alexandropoulos Dimitris , Rorison Judy , Balkan Naci , Erol Ayse , Marie Xavier 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIII–V semiconductors are indispensable for today's optoelectronic devices such as la‐sers used in optical communication systems. Likewise, this class of material is dominant in key high frequency electronics components for wireless com‐munication systems. The miscibility of binary III–Vs and the possibility of stacking such layers of various compositions and doping levels are crucial for all these applications. The tailoring of het‐erostructure properties is limited by the different lat‐tice constants of the binary III–Vs, which limit the range of useful compositions and thereby the range of available band gaps. The alignment of the band edges, which is very important for the perfor‐mance of devices, cannot be tailored by the combina‐tion of conventional materials at all. These limitations encountered in InP and GaAs based devices can be greatly reduced by incorporating a few percent of N or Bi as a group V element into GaAs or InGaAs, i.e. by creating the so‐called “Dilute Nitrides”.The second class of III–V–nitrides is based on the In1–xGaxN compound. It was discovered in 2001 that InN has a much smaller fundamental energy gap than was believed hitherto [1]. As a consequence the range of wavelengths that can be accessed by alloying this material with gallium nitride (GaN) has been significantly extended. Indeed GaInN has the widest range of direct gap of any compound semiconductors ranging from 0.7 eV to 3.2 eV which can be utilized in optoelectronic device applications over a wide range of wavelengths, including numerous key wavelengths for applications in the medical, environmental and communications fields.This issue of physica status solidi contains a collection of the articles presented during the 2010 E‐MRS Spring Meeting 2010, Symposium G, entitled “Physics and Applications of Novel Gain Ma‐terials based on III–V–N Com‐pounds”. The symposium was a follow up to a similar session held at E‐MRS in 2007. In 2007 there were fifty participants while the session in 2010 which was organised in collaboration with COST Action MP 0805 attracted over 100 participants. This increase in the number of attendants is indicative of the growing interest in III–V–dilute nitride compound semiconductors for potential applications in future devices. The symposium comprised 30 oral presentations, including 7 invited presentations and 50 poster presentations covering a wide range of dilute‐nitride and In1–xGaxN compound research from growth and structural properties, transport and optical properties to device applications.
The structure of cinnamic acid and cinnamoyl azides, a unique localized π system: The electronic spectra and DFT‐treatment
Authors: Abu‐Eittah Rafie H. , Khedr M. K. , Goma M. , Zordok W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe electronic absorption spectra of cinnamic acid and some cinnamoyl azides have been recorded in absolute methanol and investigated to explore the structure of the titled compounds. Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have a double bond, CC, between the aromatic ring and the carboxyl group which disturbs the π electron system of the molecule and inhibits electron delocalization as compared with styrene or benzoic acid. The azide group is neither a strong electron donor nor a strong electron acceptor but it increases conjugation in the molecule. The observed spectra confirm that each of the cinnamic acid and cinnamoyl azide molecules is one of a kind of unique disturbed π‐system and not of different independent π systems, each on a fragment of the molecule as predicted by the quantum theory of atom in molecule calculations. The spectra of cinnamic acid and its derivatives are not the additive spectra of the different fragments of the molecule. The spectra are characterized by few number, low intensity, and high‐energy electronic transitions (absorption bands) in the UV‐vis region. Molecular orbital calculations confirmed the spectral observations. The optimized geometry of the ground state of the studied compounds is calculated using the DFT/B3LYP/6‐31G** level of theory and an explicit molecular orbital analysis is carried out. Excited states are calculated using the TD/DFT procedure as implemented by the Gamess 2009 package of programs. The correspondence between calculated and the observed transition energies is adequate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
A family of H∞ controllers for dissipative Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Xu Song , Hou Xiaorong 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYUsing structure properties of dissipative Hamiltonian systems, this paper investigates the parameterization problem of Hinfty controllers for such systems. A family of H∞ controllers with full information is first obtained by interconnecting an H∞ controller with a generalized zero‐energy‐gradient (ZEG) detectable, free generalized Hamiltonian system. Then, a family of H∞ controllers with partial information is presented in terms of the solution to an inequality only in 2n independent variables (twice as many as the one used to characterize the state feedback) and without imposing an additional cascade condition. Both of the parameterization methods avoid solving Hamilton–Jacobi–Issacs equations (or inequalities), and thus the proposed controllers are relatively simple in form and easy in operation. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of highly acetylated sago starch
Authors: Singh Akhilesh V. , Nath Lila K. , Guha Manisha 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study was carried out to understand and establish the changes in physicochemical parameters of sago starch after acetylation. Highly substituted starch acetate was prepared by reaction with native sago starch and acetic anhydride in organic solvent. Their formation was confirmed by the titrimetric analysis and FT‐IR. The presence of absorption band in FT‐IR at 1748 cm−1 confirmed the carbonyl group attachment. The thermal behavior of native and acetyl substituted sago starch was investigated using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and DSC. The results reveal that highly substituted starch acetate was more thermally stable as compared to native form. The XRD patterns showed loss of crystalline nature and its transformation into amorphous form. The SEM study suggested that the smooth surfaces of starch granules were changed into fibrous form after acetylation.
Optimal reduction of inelastic seismic demands in high‐rise reinforced concrete core wall buildings using energy‐dissipating devices
Authors: Munir A. , Warnitchai P. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYRecently, the issue of large inelastic seismic force demands at severe ground shakings such as maximum considered earthquake level has been highlighted in the conventionally designed high‐rise reinforced concrete core wall buildings. Uncoupled modal response history analysis was used in this study to identify the modes responsible for the large inelastic seismic force demands. The identification of dominant modes and mean elastic design spectra of seven representative ground motions for different damping ratios has led to the identification of three control measures: plastic hinges (PHs), buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) and fluid viscous dampers (FVDs). The identified control measures were designed to suppress the dominant modes responsible for the large inelastic seismic force demands. A case‐study building was examined in detail. Comparison of the modal as well as the total responses of the case‐study building with and without the control measures shows that all the control measures were effective and able to reduce the inelastic seismic demands. A reduction of 33%, 22% and 27% in the inelastic shear demand at the base and a reduction of 60%, 22% and 26% in the inelastic moment demand at mid‐height were achieved using the PHs, BRBs and FVDs, respectively. Furthermore, a reduction of about 30–40% in the inelastic seismic deformation demands was achieved for the case of the BRBs and FVDs. The study enables us to gain insight to the complex inelastic behavior of high‐rise wall buildings with and without the control measures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute toxicity and superficial damage to goldfish from the ionic liquid 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium bromide
Authors: Li Xiao‐Yu , Zeng Shi‐Hu , Zhang Wei‐Hong , Liu Li , Ma Shuai , Wang Jian‐Ji 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the present study, goldfish toxicity and superficial damage from 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) exposure were evaluated by an acute toxicity test. These results show that the 24‐h 50% lethal concentration for [C8mim]Br in goldfish is 244 mg L−1, and this indicates that [C8mim]Br is a chemical with moderate or low toxicity to organisms. Scanning electronic microscope and histological observations revealed that acute exposure to [C8mim]Br induced obvious superficial damage to the skin, gill filaments, and intestinal villi of the goldfish, and this suggests that the skin, gills, and intestines may be the first direct targets of the ionic liquid in this fish. Histological examination also indicated that [C8mim]Br‐exposure caused damage to the goldfish's hepatopancreas and kidney, consisting mainly of hepatic cords in a loose connection, hepatic cytoplasmic vacuolation, renal parenchyma vacuolization, and intumescence of the renal tubule. In addition, we found that [C8mim]Br caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the hepatopancreases from these goldfish, and thus we suggest that the MDA level may be a biomarker of [C8mim]Br‐toxicity in goldfish. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Potential synthesis of poly(1,2‐dichloroethylene) via a ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Ge Xianlong , Starnes William H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe preparation of poly(1,2‐dichloroethylene), an unknown material that has been expected to be a superb engineering thermoplastic, was explored. The ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cis‐3,4‐dichlorocyclobutene quantitatively yielded a white linear polymer with CHClCHClCHCH repeating units. However, its subsequent addition chlorination could not be made to occur to a detectable level. Steric hindrance and/or electronic deactivation due to the inductive effect of Cl apparently made the chlorination impossible. Furthermore, thermal degradation studies of a series of model compounds indicated that polymers containing (CHCl)n (n ≥ 3) structures would have low thermal stabilities. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of nanocalcium carbonate on the impact strength and accelerated weatherability of rigid poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylic impact modifier
Authors: Chetanachan Wilaiporn , Sutthitavil Wannee , Chomcheuy Wanya 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites filled with nano‐ and micro‐CaCO3 particles were prepared via a melt blending method. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed better dispersion of nano‐CaCO3 than micro‐CaCO3 in the PVC matrix. With more than 5 phr (parts per 100 parts of resin) of nano‐CaCO3 content, both impact strength and heat stability were improved. Accelerated weathering tests were performed to investigate UV stability. The impact strength and white index obtained upon weathering exposure of PVC/(80 μm CaCO3) nanocomposites showed a significant improvement upon incorporating nano‐CaCO3. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Compositional and Structural Studies of the Major and Minor Components in Three Cameroonian Seed Oils by GC–MS, ESI‐FTICR‐MS and HPLC
Authors: Yeboah Samuel Owusu , Mitei Yulita Chebotip , Ngila Jane Catherine , Wessjohann Ludger , Schmidt Juergen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe lipid components of three Cameroonian seed oils, ke tchock (Aframomum arundinaceum), njangsa (Ricinodendron heudelotii) and calabash nutmeg (Monodora myristica), have been investigated. Gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) fatty acid (FA) analysis showed M. myristica seed oil to be dominated by linoleic (49.29%) and oleic (37.17%) acids; R. heudelotii was mainly linoleic (58.73%), followed by stearic (15.00%) and oleic (14.21%) acids; A. arundinaceum was predominantly oleic (65.76%) and palmitic (20.36%) acids. Electrospray ionization (ESI)‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)‐MS analysis showed seven major triacylglycerol (TAG) classes for M. myristica, with C54:5, C54:4 and C54:6 dominating. R. heudelotii had eight major TAG classes with C54:8, C54:7 and C54:6 being most abundant. A. arundinaceum also had eight major TAG classes with C52:2, C54:3 and C50:2 dominating. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the TAGs showed that both sn‐1,3 and sn‐2 positions were predominantly occupied by linoleoyl and oleoyl chains. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fluorescence detector (FLD) analysis showed that M. myristica contained only α‐ and β‐tocopherols (195.40 and 73.95 µg/g, respectively), R. heudelotii contained mainly γ‐tocopherol (289.40 µg/g), and A. arundinaceum had mainly γ‐ and β‐tocopherols (236.78 and 124.93 µg/g, respectively). GC–MS analysis of the unsaponifiable matter showed that β‐sitosterol was the most abundant phytosterol in all three seed oils. The absolute amounts of 4‐desmethylsterols were 196.15, 608.71 and 362.15 µg/g for M. myristica, R. heudelotii and A. arundinaceum seed oils, respectively. These compositional and structural studies provide justification for the use of all three seed oils in food products.
Protective effects of leptin during the suckling period against later obesity may be associated with changes in promoter methylation of the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin gene
Authors: Palou M. , Picó Catalina , McKay J. A. , Sánchez J. , Priego T. , Mathers J. C. , Palou A. 
Published: May 2011

Leptin supplementation of neonatal rats during the suckling period protects against being overweight in adulthood and ameliorates the control of food intake. This was associated with changes in the expression of hypothalamic genes involved in the central action of leptin: pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc), leptin receptor (Lepr) and suppressor of cytokine signalling (Socs3). The purpose of the present study was to determine the methylation status within the promoter regions of these genes and to assess whether the observed changes in the expression levels of these genes could be explained by changes in their methylation status. Male rats were treated daily with an oral physiological dose of leptin or vehicle during the suckling period. After weaning, animals were fed with a normal-fat or a high-fat (HF) diet until aged 6 months. DNA was extracted from the hypothalamus and methylation within the promoter regions of the gene panel was measured by pyrosequencing. Pomc promoter methylation increased in control animals fed the HF diet but decreased in leptin-treated animals. In addition, there was a weak negative correlation between DNA methylation and POMC mRNA levels (P = 0·075). There were no changes in the methylation status of the CpG sites studied within the promoter regions of Lepr and Socs3 in response to leptin or HF treatments. This is the first demonstration that leptin treatment during lactation may programme methylation of an appetite-related gene in the hypothalamus of animals fed HF diets, with possible implications for gene expression and protection against the development of obesity.
Effects of viscosity and fermentability of dietary fibre on nutrient digestibility and digesta characteristics in ileal-cannulated grower pigs
Authors: Hooda Seema , Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U. , Vasanthan Thavaratnam , Zijlstra Ruurd T. 
Published: May 2011

Relative contributions of two functional properties, viscosity and fermentability of dietary fibre, on apparent ileal digestibility (AID), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), digesta passage rate, N retention and SCFA concentration have not been established. Thus, eight ileal-cannulated pigs randomised in a double 4 × 4 Latin square were fed four diets based on maize starch and casein supplemented with 5 % of actual fibre in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: low-fermentable, low-viscous cellulose (CEL); low-fermentable, high-viscous carboxymethylcellulose (CMC); high-fermentable, low-viscous oat β-glucan (LBG); high-fermentable, high-viscous oat β-glucan (HBG). Viscosity and fermentability interacted to affect (P < 0·001) digesta viscosity and AID and ATTD of nutrients. These properties tended to interact to affect (P < 0·10) digesta passage rate and butyrate. Pigs fed the CMC diet had the lowest (P < 0·05) digesta passage rate and the highest (P < 0·001) AID of energy, crude protein and DM, and ATTD of energy and DM. Post-ileal DM digestibility was highest (P < 0·001) for pigs fed the CEL and HBG diets. Post-ileal DM digestibility had a negative, curvilinear relationship with the AID of energy and crude protein (R2 0·85 and 0·72, respectively; P < 0·001). Digesta viscosity had a less strong relationship with the AID of energy and crude protein (R2 0·45 and 0·36, respectively; P < 0·001). In conclusion, high-viscous, low-fermentable dietary fibre increases the proportion of a diet that is digested in the small intestine by reducing digesta passage rate.