bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twist piezoelectricity: giant electromechanical coupling in magic-angle twisted bilayer LiNbO3
Authors: Yao Hulin , Zheng Pengcheng , Zhang Shibin , Hu Chuanjie , Fang Xiaoli , Zhang Liping , Ling Dan , Chen Huanyang , Ou Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwisted a pair of stacked two-dimensional materials exhibit many exotic electronic and photonic properties, leading to the emergence of flat-band superconductivity, moiré engineering and topological polaritons. These remarkable discoveries make twistronics the focus point of tremendous interest, but mostly limited to the concept of electrons, phonons or photons. Here, we present twist piezoelectricity as a fascinating paradigm to modulate polarization and electromechanical coupling by twisting precisely the stacked lithium niobate slabs due to the interlayer coupling effect. Particularly, the inversed and twisted bilayer lithium niobate is constructed to overcome the intrinsic mutual limitation of single crystals and giant effective electromechanical coupling coefficient$${k}_{t}^{2}$$kt2is unveiled at magic angle of$$111^\circ$$111∘, reaching 85.5%. Theoretical analysis based on mutual energy integrals shows well agreements with numerical and experimental results. Our work opens new venues to flexibly control multi-physics with magic angle, stimulating progress in wideband acoustic-electric, and acoustic-optic components, which has great potential in wireless communication, timing, sensing, and hybrid integrated photonics.
A bioinspired surface tension-driven route toward programmed cellular ceramics
Authors: Hong Ying , Liu Shiyuan , Yang Xiaodan , Hong Wang , Shan Yao , Wang Biao , Zhang Zhuomin , Yan Xiaodong , Lin Weikang , Li Xuemu , Peng Zehua , Xu Xiaote , Yang Zhengbao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe intriguing biomineralization process in nature endows the mineralized biological materials with intricate microarchitected structures in a facile and orderly way, which provides an inspiration for processing ceramics. Here, we propose a simple and efficient manufacturing process to fabricate cellular ceramics in programmed cell-based 3D configurations, inspired by the biomineralization process of the diatom frustule. Our approach separates the ingredient synthesis from architecture building, enabling the programmable manufacturing of cellular ceramics with various cell sizes, geometries, densities, metastructures, and constituent elements. Our approach exploits surface tension to capture precursor solutions in the architected cellular lattices, allowing us to control the liquid geometry and manufacture cellular ceramics with high precision. We investigate the geometry parameters for the architected lattices assembled by unit cells and unit columns, both theoretically and experimentally, to guide the 3D fluid interface creation in arranged configurations. We manufacture a series of globally cellular and locally compact piezoceramics, obtaining an enhanced piezoelectric constant and a designed piezoelectric anisotropy. This bioinspired, surface tension-assisted approach has the potential to revolutionize the design and processing of multifarious ceramic materials for structural and functional applications in energy, electronics and biomedicine.
Laboratory realization of relativistic pair-plasma beams
Authors: Arrowsmith C. D. , Simon P. , Bilbao P. J. , Bott A. F. A. , Burger S. , Chen H. , Cruz F. D. , Davenne T. , Efthymiopoulos I. , Froula D. H. , Goillot A. , Gudmundsson J. T. , Haberberger D. , Halliday J. W. D. , Hodge T. , Huffman B. T. , Iaquinta S. , Miniati F. , Reville B. , Sarkar S. , Schekochihin A. A. , Silva L. O. , Simpson R. , Stergiou V. , Trines R. M. G. M. , Vieu T. , Charitonidis N. , Bingham R. , Gregori G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRelativistic electron-positron plasmas are ubiquitous in extreme astrophysical environments such as black-hole and neutron-star magnetospheres, where accretion-powered jets and pulsar winds are expected to be enriched with electron-positron pairs. Their role in the dynamics of such environments is in many cases believed to be fundamental, but their behavior differs significantly from typical electron-ion plasmas due to the matter-antimatter symmetry of the charged components. So far, our experimental inability to produce large yields of positrons in quasi-neutral beams has restricted the understanding of electron-positron pair plasmas to simple numerical and analytical studies, which are rather limited. We present the first experimental results confirming the generation of high-density, quasi-neutral, relativistic electron-positron pair beams using the 440 GeV/c beam at CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator. Monte Carlo simulations agree well with the experimental data and show that the characteristic scales necessary for collective plasma behavior, such as the Debye length and the collisionless skin depth, are exceeded by the measured size of the produced pair beams. Our work opens up the possibility of directly probing the microphysics of pair plasmas beyond quasi-linear evolution into regimes that are challenging to simulate or measure via astronomical observations.
Gel-assisted mass spectrometry imaging enables sub-micrometer spatial lipidomics
Authors: Chan Yat Ho , Pathmasiri Koralege C. , Pierre-Jacques Dominick , Hibbard Maddison C. , Tao Nannan , Fischer Joshua L. , Yang Ethan , Cologna Stephanie M. , Gao Ruixuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA technique capable of label-free detection, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool for spatial investigation of native biomolecules in intact specimens. However, MSI has often been precluded from single-cell applications due to the spatial resolution limit set forth by the physical and instrumental constraints of the method. By taking advantage of the reversible interaction between the analytes and a superabsorbent hydrogel, we have developed a sample preparation and imaging workflow named Gel-Assisted Mass Spectrometry Imaging (GAMSI) to overcome the spatial resolution limits of modern mass spectrometers. With GAMSI, we show that the spatial resolution of MALDI-MSI can be enhanced ~3-6-fold to the sub-micrometer level without changing the existing mass spectrometry hardware or analysis pipeline. This approach will vastly enhance the accessibility of MSI-based spatial analysis at the cellular scale.
Variability of the Indian Ocean Dipole post-2100 reverses to a reduction despite persistent global warming
Authors: Wang Guojian , Cai Wenju , Santoso Agus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrevious examination of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) response to greenhouse warming shows increased variability in the eastern pole but decreased variability in the western pole before 2100. The opposing response is due to a shallowing equatorial thermocline promoting sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the east, but a more stable atmosphere decreasing variability in equatorial zonal winds that weakens SST variability in the west. Post-2100, how the IOD may change remains unknown. Here we show that IOD variability weakens post-2100 in majority of models under a long-term high emission scenario to 2300. Post-2100, the atmosphere stability increases further and persistent ocean warming arrests or even reverses the eastern Indian Ocean shallowing thermocline. These changes conspire to drive decreased variability in both poles, reducing amplitude of moderate, strong and early-maturing positive IOD events. Our result highlights a nonlinear response of the IOD to long-term greenhouse warming under the high emission scenario.
A probe for NIR-II imaging and multimodal analysis of early Alzheimer’s disease by targeting CTGF
Authors: Lu Cao , Meng Cong , Li Yuying , Yuan Jinling , Ren Xiaojun , Gao Liang , Su Dongdong , Cao Kai , Cui Mengchao , Yuan Qing , Gao Xueyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo date, earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still challenging. Recent studies revealed the elevated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in AD brain is an upstream regulator of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque, thus CTGF could be an earlier diagnostic biomarker of AD than Aβ plaque. Herein, we develop a peptide-coated gold nanocluster that specifically targets CTGF with high affinity (KD ~ 21.9 nM). The probe can well penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) of APP/PS1 transgenic mice at early-stage (earlier than 3-month-old) in vivo, allowing non-invasive NIR-II imaging of CTGF when there is no appearance of Aβ plaque deposition. Notably, this probe can also be applied to measuring CTGF on postmortem brain sections by multimodal analysis, including fluorescence imaging, peroxidase-like chromogenic imaging, and ICP-MS quantitation, which enables distinguishment between the brains of AD patients and healthy people. This probe possesses great potential for precise diagnosis of earlier AD before Aβ plaque formation.
Structural basis for urate recognition and apigenin inhibition of human GLUT9
Authors: Shen Zilin , Xu Li , Wu Tong , Wang Huan , Wang Qifan , Ge Xiaofei , Kong Fang , Huang Gaoxingyu , Pan Xiaojing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUrate, the physiological form of uric acid and a potent antioxidant in serum, plays a pivotal role in scavenging reactive oxygen species. Yet excessive accumulation of urate, known as hyperuricemia, is the primary risk factor for the development of gout. The high-capacity urate transporter GLUT9 represents a promising target for gout treatment. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human GLUT9 in complex with urate or its inhibitor apigenin at overall resolutions of 3.5 Å and 3.3 Å, respectively. In both structures, GLUT9 exhibits an inward open conformation, wherein the substrate binding pocket faces the intracellular side. These structures unveil the molecular basis for GLUT9’s substrate preference of urate over glucose, and show that apigenin acts as a competitive inhibitor by occupying the substrate binding site. Our findings provide critical information for the development of specific inhibitors targeting GLUT9 as potential therapeutics for gout and hyperuricemia.
Structure of cryptophyte photosystem II–light-harvesting antennae supercomplex
Authors: Zhang Yu-Zhong , Li Kang , Qin Bing-Yue , Guo Jian-Ping , Zhang Quan-Bao , Zhao Dian-Li , Chen Xiu-Lan , Gao Jun , Liu Lu-Ning , Zhao Long-Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCryptophytes are ancestral photosynthetic organisms evolved from red algae through secondary endosymbiosis. They have developed alloxanthin-chlorophyll a/c2-binding proteins (ACPs) as light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). The distinctive properties of cryptophytes contribute to efficient oxygenic photosynthesis and underscore the evolutionary relationships of red-lineage plastids. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Photosystem II (PSII)–ACPII supercomplex from the cryptophyte Chroomonas placoidea. The structure includes a PSII dimer and twelve ACPII monomers forming four linear trimers. These trimers structurally resemble red algae LHCs and cryptophyte ACPI trimers that associate with Photosystem I (PSI), suggesting their close evolutionary links. We also determine a Chl a-binding subunit, Psb-γ, essential for stabilizing PSII–ACPII association. Furthermore, computational calculation provides insights into the excitation energy transfer pathways. Our study lays a solid structural foundation for understanding the light-energy capture and transfer in cryptophyte PSII–ACPII, evolutionary variations in PSII–LHCII, and the origin of red-lineage LHCIIs.
Three-dimensional chromatin reorganization regulates B cell development during ageing
Authors: Ma Fei , Cao Yaqiang , Du Hansen , Braikia Fatima Zohra , Zong Le , Ollikainen Noah , Bayer Marc , Qiu Xiang , Park Bongsoo , Roy Roshni , Nandi Satabdi , Sarantopoulou Dimitra , Ziman Andrew , Bianchi Aisha Haley , Beerman Isabel , Zhao Keji , Grosschedl Rudolf , Sen Ranjan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe contribution of three-dimensional genome organization to physiological ageing is not well known. Here we show that large-scale chromatin reorganization distinguishes young and old bone marrow progenitor (pro-) B cells. These changes result in increased interactions at the compartment level and reduced interactions within topologically associated domains (TADs). The gene encoding Ebf1, a key B cell regulator, switches from compartment A to B with age. Genetically reducing Ebf1 recapitulates some features of old pro-B cells. TADs that are most reduced with age contain genes important for B cell development, including the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus. Weaker intra-TAD interactions atIghcorrelate with altered variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene recombination. Our observations implicate three-dimensional chromatin reorganization as a major driver of pro-B cell phenotypes that impair B lymphopoiesis with age.
GD2 and its biosynthetic enzyme GD3 synthase promote tumorigenesis in prostate cancer by regulating cancer stem cell behavior
Authors: Bhat Aaqib M. , Mohapatra Bhopal C. , Luan Haitao , Mushtaq Insha , Chakraborty Sukanya , Kumar Siddhartha , Wu Wangbin , Nolan Ben , Dutta Samikshan , Storck Matthew D. , Schott Micah , Meza Jane L. , Lele Subodh M. , Lin Ming-Fong , Cook Leah M. , Corey Eva , Morrissey Colm , Coulter Donald W. , Rowley M. Jordan , Natarajan Amarnath , Datta Kaustubh , Band Vimla , Band Hamid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile better management of loco-regional prostate cancer (PC) has greatly improved survival, advanced PC remains a major cause of cancer deaths. Identification of novel targetable pathways that contribute to tumor progression in PC could open new therapeutic options. The di-ganglioside GD2 is a target of FDA-approved antibody therapies in neuroblastoma, but the role of GD2 in PC is unexplored. Here, we show that GD2 is expressed in a small subpopulation of PC cells in a subset of patients and a higher proportion of metastatic tumors. Variable levels of cell surface GD2 expression were seen on many PC cell lines, and the expression was highly upregulated by experimental induction of lineage progression or enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cell models. GD2high cell fraction was enriched upon growth of PC cells as tumorspheres and GD2high fraction was enriched in tumorsphere-forming ability. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) of the rate-limiting GD2 biosynthetic enzyme GD3 Synthase (GD3S) in GD2high CRPC cell models markedly impaired the in vitro oncogenic traits and growth as bone-implanted xenograft tumors and reduced the cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker expression. Our results support the potential role of GD3S and its product GD2 in promoting PC tumorigenesis by maintaining cancer stem cells and suggest the potential for GD2 targeting in advanced PC.
A 10-week play-based after-school program to improve coordinative abilities and physical fitness capabilities among adolescents: a randomized trial
Authors: Kurnaz M. , Flôres F. , Altınkök M. , Esen H. T. , Silva A. F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe average levels of physical activity in children are below the ideal, which may influence children's health and motor competence levels. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of a 10-week play-based after-school program on 50 twelve-year-old students’ anthropometric characteristics (body height and body weight), coordinative abilities (flamingo balance test and T-test agility), and physical fitness (sit and reach, 20-m sprint test, SLJ, CMJ, and handgrip). After baseline assessments, the students were randomly divided into two groups: one participating in a play-based after-school program (experimental group) and the other attending regular PE classes (control group). No differences were noted between the sexes. Analysis revealed baseline differences between groups in body weight, agility T-test, and right-handgrip, with no significant sex differences. Following the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated improvements in the 20-m sprint test (F(1,46) = 11.03, p < 0.01), flamingo balance test (F(1,46) = 9.16, p = 0.004), SLJ (F(1,46) = 5.30, p = 0.03), agility T-test (F(1,46) = 28.30, p < 0.01), and right-handgrip (F(1,46) = 6.59, p < 0.01). In summary, the results suggested that a 10-week play-based after-school program enhances coordinative abilities and physical fitness in 12-year-old children. This underscores the potential advantages of integrating play-based physical activities into schools to promote holistic health and fitness in children.
Variation in microplastic characteristics among amphibian larvae: a comparative study across different species and the influence of human activity
Authors: Szkudlarek Michał , Najbar Bartłomiej , Jankowiak Łukasz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicroplastic pollution is a significant global environmental issue, and impacts span from individual organisms to the entire ecosystems. This study investigated the properties of microplastics in amphibian larvae, shedding light on their environmental interactions and potential ecological consequences. We examined microplastics extracted from amphibian larvae of 10 taxa, sampled from sites experiencing different levels of human impact. Our findings revealed a predominance of blue microplastics and fibres, each comprising 53% of the total microplastics in amphibian larvae. Microplastic fibres were also notably longer than other morphological types of microplastics. Furthermore, we observed variations in the surface area of microplastics among different amphibian families. An interesting observation from our research is the apparent positive relationship between the size of amphibian larvae and the length of granular and flake-shaped microplastics. Conversely, we observed a negative relationship between the length of these microplastics and human environmental impact. These insights significantly contribute to the understanding of microplastic pollution in freshwater environments, highlighting its complexities beyond marine ecosystems. Our research emphasises the intricate relationships between microplastics and freshwater organisms, underscoring the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate microplastic pollution.
Understanding noble gas incorporation in mantle minerals: an atomistic study
Authors: Lora Alfredo , Patron Paola , Elena Alin M. , Allan Neil L. , Pinilla Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAb initio calculations in forsterite (Mg$$_2$$

2

SiO$$_4$$

4

) are used to gain insight into the formation of point defects and incorporation of noble gases. We calculate the enthalpies of incorporation both at pre-existing vacancies in symmetrically non-equivalent sites, and at interstitial positions. At high pressure, most structural changes affect the MgO$$_{6}$$

6

units and the enthalpies of point defects increase, with those involving Mg and Si vacancies increasing more than those involving O sites. At 15 GPa Si vacancies and Mg interstitials have become the predominant intrinsic defects. We use these calculated enthalpies to estimate the total uptake of noble gases into the bulk crystal as a function of temperature and pressure both in the presence and absence of other heterovalent trace elements. For He and Ne our calculated solubilities point to atoms occupying mainly interstitial sites in agreement with previous experimental work. In contrast, Ar most likely substitutes for Mg due to its larger size and the deformation it causes within the crystal. Incorporation energies, as well as atomic distances suggest that the incorporation mainly depend on the size mismatch between host and guest atoms. Polarization effects arising from the polarizability of the noble gas atom or the presence of charged defects are minimal and do not contribute significantly to the uptake. Finally, the discrepancies between our results and recent experiments suggest that there are other incorporation mechanisms such as adsorption at internal and external interfaces, voids and grain boundaries which must play a major role in noble gas storage and solubility.
PDL1 targeting by miR-138-5p amplifies anti-tumor immunity and Jurkat cells survival in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Rostami Fatemeh , Tavakol Hamedani Zahra , Sadoughi Azadeh , Mehrabadi Marzieh , kouhkan Fatemeh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has constituted over 80% of the lung cancer population with a poor prognosis. Over the past decade, immunotherapy has been constructed in the enlargement of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a promising approach for NSCLC treatment. Evading the immune system using the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is an intelligent way for cancers, and T cells cannot respond fully and confront cancer. Recently, the miR-138 was reported as a PD-L1 regulator in NSCLC. However, its inhibitory impact on T-cell exhaustion has not been characterized. The present study aims to impair PD-L1 (B7-H1) expression in Adenocarcinoma cell lines using miR-138-5p and determines how it prevents Jurak cell exhaustion. To gain the purpose, first, 18 highly significant dysregulated miRNAs containing hsa-miR-138 and CD274-mRNA network were detected in NSCLC based on bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, our study revealed a high level of miR-138-5p could make significant changes like PDL1 downregulation, proliferation, and mortality rate in A549/Calu6 cells. We also simulate cancer environmental conditions by culturing Jurak cells and NSCLC cell lines under the influence of stimulator cytokines to show how miR-138-5p survives Jurak cells by targeting PD-L1/PD-1pathway.
Arabic-language digital interventions for depression in German routine health care are acceptable, but intervention adoption remains a challenge
Authors: Reich Hanna , Hegerl Ulrich , Rosenthal Anja , Allenhof Caroline 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMigrants face many barriers to mental health care, such as different cultural concepts of distress, unfamiliar pathways to care, and language. Digital mental health interventions are effective and scalable in multi-language versions. However, their implementation into routine care is in its infancy. Here, we report on the Arabic- and German-language implementation of two digital interventions in Germany: The iFightDepression® website, providing information about depression to the public, and the iFightDepression® tool, offering guided self-management for depression. Our main goal is to gain empirical knowledge about the success of their implementation and provide evidence-based recommendations for improvement. Data for the current analyses stem from convenience samples, utilizing anonymized user logs of the iFightDepression® website and 15.307 user accounts in the iFightDepression® tool. We found that the acceptability (time on page, usage behavior) of both digital interventions was comparable between the two user groups. The website pervasiveness of the target populations was nine times lower among Arab migrants in Germany than Germans (89 vs. 834 unique page views/ 100,000 inhabitants), but the increase in views was superior and sustained over three years. The adoption of the tool was lower among Arabic than German users (conversion rate from invitation to completed registration: 30.8% vs. 59.0%, p < 0.001) and appropriateness was challenged as Arabic users reported higher depression severities upon first registration (p = 0.027). Our results show that the uptake of digital interventions for migrants requires facilitation and further tailoring to the needs of the target group.