bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MORTALITY OF ADULT GRAIN BEETLES IN SAMPLE DELIVERY SYSTEMS USED IN TERMINAL GRAIN ELEVATORS
Authors: Bryan J. M. , Elvidge J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe detection of insect infestation by the Canadian Grain Commission is decreased in efficiency by the mortality of adult beetles in the pneumatic sample delivery systems used in terminal elevators in the Vancouver, B.C., area. Dead insects are difficult to see while grading the grain and cannot be extracted by Berlese funnels.The level of mortality varied with the species of beetle and the system tested, but not with the type of grain. In one system the following mortalities were found: Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), 73%; Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), 65%; Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), 65%; and Sitophilus granarius (L.), 22%. C. ferrugineus, the most important insect infesting Canadian grain, sustained an average mortality of 55% in the five systems tested. No consistent mortality pattern was found among the systems with respect to delivery tube length, number of turns, or approximate grain speed. Berlese funnel extraction was found to be inefficient for O. surinamensis and inconsistent for S. granarius.
INFLUENCE OF EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND HEAT ON POPULATION TREND OF THREE GRASSHOPPER SPECIES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Mukerji M. K. , Gage S. H. , Randell R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe study examined quantitatively the effects of embryonic development in the preceding fall and cumulative heat units from 1 April to 31 July in the current year on density trends of three major grasshopper species (Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), M. bivittatus (Say), and Camnula pellucida (Scudder)) in Saskatchewan. The influence of adult density of the previous year, embryonic development, heat units, and their interactions were examined by multiple regression analyses for each of the three species to determine their contribution to next year’s adult populations. The models tended to underestimate density during a population increase and to overestimate during a population decline. Combined heat units during the preceding fall and following spring indicated that a general increase in density should occur when heat units were equal to or greater than 1600 °D50.
MATING BEHAVIOR OFNEOCONOCEPHALUS ENSIGER(ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIIDAE) WITH NOTES ON THE CALLING SONG
Authors: Gwynne Darryl T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNeoconocephalus ensiger(Harris) mating is described from field observations. The sequence of mating events is presented along with a brief description of the physical parameters of the calling song. Mating differs from other tettigoniids in that the copulation time is longer and there is no external evidence of a spermatophore. The significance of these differences is discussed.
NEW SPECIES OF CARDIASTETHUS FIEBER AND MELANOCORIS CHAMPION, AND NEW RECORDS OF EUROPEAN ACOMPOCORIS REUTER AND TEMNOSTETHUS FIEBER IN CANADA (HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCardiastethus borealis n. sp. is described from Canada, and Melanocoris longirostris n. sp. from Canada and western United States. Two species described from Europe, Acompocoris pygmaeus (Fallen) and Temnostethus gracilis Horvath, are recorded for the first time from North America. Adults and male genital claspers are illustrated and scanning electron micrographs of their osteolar canals are included.
SUPPRESSION OF BLACK FLY POPULATIONS IN DEEP RIVER, ONTARIO
Authors: Baldwin W. F. , Gross H. P. , Wilson M. L. , Keill D. J. , Stuart R. J. , Sebastien R. J. , Knight A. G. , Chant G. D. , Knight P. A. , West A. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractData from black fly traps in Deep River over the past 5 years indicate that larvicides applied to breeding sites in streams surrounding the town have substantially reduced the numbers of this pest. Very high numbers occurred in 1972, the result of invasion associated with high westerly and northerly winds at a critical period of time or with heavy protective snow cover during the preceding winter. The lowest population levels occurred in 1975, when treatment included a stream near the town which had not been treated previously. The results indicate that with proper stream management it is possible to substantially reduce the nuisance value of black flies in a small northern town.
STUDIES OF THE COMPOUND EYE OF LYMANTRIA DISPAR (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) MALES, AND BEHAVIORAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Brown E. A. , Cameron E. Alan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar (L.)) have a superposition compound eye. Electroretinogram (ERG) responses indicate low sensitivity in the ultraviolet region, higher sensitivity from 480 to 590 nm, and essentially no sensitivity in the red region. The microspectrophotometric absorption spectrum of the visual screening pigments shows low absorption in the ultraviolet and red regions and high absorption from 400 to 600 nm. Screening pigments migrate in response to illumination during diurnal activity periods, so the eye acts in the photopic mode. Because these pigments are essentially transparent to ultraviolet wavelengths, the eye may be in effect acting simultaneously in the scotopic mode for these wavelengths.
THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF OPLACHANTHA (DIPTERA: STRATIOMYIDAE)
Authors: James Maurice T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe South American species of Oplachantha Rondani are reviewed and a key to them presented. New species are atricalx, Peru; pallida, Colombia; albihirta, Colombia; fuscipes, Venezuela; divisa, Ecuador; and atriceps, Peru. New synonymies are (iubata Enderlein) = pulchella (Williston) and (tristis Enderlein) = cincticornis Enderlein. Allognosta Barbiellinii Bezzi, Hoplacantha nigerrima Lindner, and Antissops Bezzii Lindner, sometimes referred to this genus or to Berismyia, belong to an as yet undetermined genus.
A NEW GENUS OF ECITOPHILOUS DIAPRIID WASPS FROM ARIZONA (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA: DIAPRIIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEcitovagus gibbus, new genus and new species of diapriid wasps (Diapriinae, Diapriini) associated with the army ant Neivamyrmex nigrescens (Cresson) in Arizona, is described. Taxonomic and ecological relationships with other ecitophilous diapriids are discussed.
EVIDENCE FOR OBLIGATORY PARTHENOGENESIS AND ITS POSSIBLE EFFECT ON THE EMERGENCE PERIOD OF CLOEON TRIANGULIFER (EPHEMEROPTERA: BAETIDAE)
Authors: Gibbs K. Elizabeth 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe absence of males in 1000 adults examined over a 2 year period, the facility with which unmated females deposited eggs, and the high percentage (86%) of these eggs which hatched are presented as evidence for obligatory parthenogenesis in Cloeon triangulifer McDunnough. It is suggested that the unusually long (June to November) emergence period of the species is a result of parthenogenesis.
NINHYDRIN-POSITIVE SUBSTANCE ANALYSIS OF LARVAL HEMOLYMPH OF THE EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER, LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) AND GROWTH OF ENTOMOPHTHORA EGRESSA PROTOPLASTS
Authors: Dunphy Gary B. , Nolan Richard A. , Otvos Imre S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA ninhydrin-positive substance analysis of fourth instar larval hemolymph of the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guenée), was conducted. Two separate larval populations were reared on a defined diet during the early stages and later on fresh, young balsam fir foliage. The results indicated the presence of at least 38 compounds. L-glutamine and(or) L-asparagine, L-histidine, and L-lysine occurred at high concentrations (> 5000 nM/ml). Ammonia, L-arginine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-tyrosine, and L-phenylalanine occurred at intermediate levels (1000–5000 nM/ml). The current report of the presence of L-1-methylhistidine and L-3-methylhistidine is the second report of any methylated derivative of histidine in insect hemolymph. The results of the analytical study were used to modify the composition of Grace’s insect tissue culture medium which had previously been found to support growth of protoplasts of the looper pathogen Entomophthora egressa MacLeod and Tyrrell. Fungal growth indicated a shorter generation time (4.7 h) on the medium modified to more closely approximate the looper hemolymph as compared with the generation time (6.2 h) on Grace’s medium.
BIOASSAY OF SEX PHEROMONES IN THE ARMY CUTWORM, EUXOA AUXILIARIS; THE PALE WESTERN CUTWORM, AGROTIS ORTHOGONIA; AND THE EUXOA TRISTICULA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Struble D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEuxoa auxiliaris (Grote) females yielded the largest amount of extractable pheromone after they were stored at least 44 days at 10 °C and then 7 days at room temperature. The males would not respond to the pheromone until they were 28 to 37 days of age and their clearest responses were between 2 and 4 h of the dark cycle. Agrotis orthogonia Morrison females produced pheromone within 1 day after emergence and 2-day-old males responded to it between 5 and 7.5 h of the dark cycle when the olfactometer background light intensity was 0.35 lux. Female Euxoa tristicula Morrison produced pheromone 3 days after emergence and the males responded between 3 to 5 h of the dark cycle.
DIFFERENTIATION OF LARVAL PITYOKTEINES ELEGANS AND SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Kirtibutr Nit , Schenk John A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of Pityokteines elegans Swaine and Scolytus ventralis LeConte are distinguished by differences in coronal suture, frontal suture, antennae, and labium. Anatomical features are illustrated by SEM micrographs.
THE EUROPEAN SPECIES PERIZOMA ALCHEMILLATA (THE SMALL RIVULET (BR.)) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Morris Ray F. , Bolte K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe European species Perizoma alchemillata (L.), first collected in Newfoundland 22 July 1954, is now widely distributed throughout the island. Notes on its distribution, life-history, and ecology are provided. The adult moths and the male and female genitalia are illustrated to facilitate identification.
SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR WITHIN-TREE ATTACKING ADULT POPULATIONS OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Pulley P. E. , Foltz John L. , Mayyasi Adil M. , Coulson Robert N. , Martin W. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractQuantitative sampling schemes for estimating within-tree populations of attacking Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman were investigated. Accuracy and precision of five small sample procedures were affected by the number and location of the sample heights, the number of sample disks per sample height, and the techniques used for calculating infested surface area and average insect density. Best small sample estimates were obtained from samples near the middle of the infested bole. Unbiased, minimum variance combinatorials were derived. High precision estimates were obtained only by sampling the infested bole at frequent intervals.
STUDIES ON THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF ALFALFA: VII. PREDACEOUS INSECTS
Authors: Wheeler A.G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe predator fauna of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., was studied at Ithaca, N.Y., during 1966–69. Predators are separated into species that completed their life cycle on alfalfa (primary), species whose adults took prey from the plants but bred elsewhere (secondary), and species not observed to capture prey on alfalfa (incidental). Seasonal occurrences and prey records are given for the 19 primary species and the secondary species whose prey were identified.
THE BLACK FLIES OF ICELAND (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Peterson B.V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKeys, descriptions, and illustrations are presented for the identification of the larvae, pupae, and adults of the four species of black flies known from Iceland, viz. Prosimulium (Prosimulium) ursinum, Simulium (Psilozia) vittatum, S. (Eusimulium) aureum, and S. (E.) vernum. Maps depicting their distributions within that country, and brief biological notes are given.
A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRadessa n. gen. is described for R. vittilimbalis n. sp., the type-species, from Colombia and R. pardalota n. sp. from Panama. The genus is related to Omiodes Guenée, 1854, but has conspicuous, probably mimetic, orange and black maculation.
A SURVEY OF CANADIAN POPULATIONS OF THE GERMAN COCKROACH FOR RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES
Authors: Batth Surat S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFirst to sixth generation offspring of samples of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., collected from various areas in Canada were tested for resistance to various insecticides applied topically. All collections showed a high level of resistance to chlordane, some resistance to propoxur and malathion, and little or none to chlorpyrifos and diazinon.
POPULATION ASSESSMENT DURING THE ADULT STAGE OF THE ALFALFA WEEVIL, HYPERA POSTICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Guppy J. C. , Harcourt D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a sampling plan for estimating numbers of H. postica adults in alfalfa. The plan is based on vacuum samples of foliage and ground litter and uses a half ft2 (465 cm2) as the sample unit. For typical levels of infestation during the oviposition period in early spring, estimates with reasonable precision may be obtained by taking 60 randomly selected units from a field, at a total cost of 6 man-hours. For those in early summer, not more than 20 units are required.For all population densities, the pattern of counts was well described by the negative binomial distribution. However, at densities below unity, the Poisson function described the data equally well.
THE MATURE LARVA AND PUPARIUM OF CANACE MACATEEI (DIPTERA: CANACEIDAE)
Authors: Teskey H.J. , Valiela I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMature larvae and puparia of Canace macateei Malloch inhabiting mats of blue-green algae in a Massachusetts intertidal marsh are described and compared with other larvae of the Canaceidae.
REDUCTION IN DAMAGE TO POTATOES BY LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) BY MIXTURES OF INSECTICIDES AND SILICA
Authors: Smith B. C. , Halliday C. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of insecticide–silica mixtures depended on brand of silica, i.e. Ar6gen®500, Hi-Sil®233, Micro-Cel®A, and Zeolex®100; number and population density of pest species; and cultivar of potato. In greenhouse tests, changes in the proportions of carbaryl and Arogen®500 in mixtures did not change efficacy; a 600 ppm carbaryl – 5400 ppm Arogen®500 mixture was as good as 1000 ppm carbaryl; and mixtures with either phosmet or pirimiphos-methyl and any silica with 30 ppm of insecticide and 270 ppm of silica were as good as 100 ppm of insecticide using mortality, repellency, and feeding rate as criteria. In the field at high density of L. decemlineata and low aphids, a 600 ppm carbaryl – 5400 ppm Arogen-500 mixture reduced larval populations by 66% and increased yield of Irish Cobbler 18-fold; and foliage treated with a 2000 ppm phosmet – 18,000 ppm Arogen-500 mixture was less attractive to adults than foliage treated with 2000 ppm of phosmet though the mixture was not superior to phosmet in effects on yield. At medium density of L. decemlineata and low aphids, a 500 ppm pirimiphos-methyl – 4500 ppm Zeolex-100 mixture increased yield of Irish Cobbler by about 100% and of Sebago by about 200% and a 600 ppm carbaryl – 5400 ppm Arogen-500 mixture was about 32% better than 1300 ppm carbaryl in effects on yield of Sebago. At low density of L. decemlineata and high density of aphids, 1000 ppm of carbaryl and various mixtures of carbaryl and Arogen-500 increased aphids by 109%, reduced coccinellid predators by one third, and reduced yield of Irish Cobbler and Sebago by 12%.
ATTRACTION OF RHAGOLETIS FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) TO RED SPHERES OF DIFFERENT SIZES
Authors: Prokopy Ronald J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhen different size sticky-coated red spheres were positioned within the foliage canopy of sour cherry or apple trees, more Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) flies were always captured on 7.5-cm-diam. ones than on 3.4 or 1.5 cm ones. Early in the season, 7.5 cm spheres attracted fewer or about as many R. pomonella as 23 cm spheres, but later on, 7.5 cm spheres always attracted more. R. fausta (Osten Sacken) and R. cingulata (Loew) flies were always more attracted to 7.5 cm spheres than to any other size tested. However, both these species showed a proportionately greater attraction to smaller spheres than did R. pomonella. The phenomena of super-normal stimuli and learning are proposed as possible explanations of certain of these findings.
CYCLE BIOLOGIQUE DE PISSODES NOTATUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) DANS LA REGION TOULOUSAINE (FRANCE)
Authors: Alauzet Claude 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe maximal emergence of Pissodes notatus (F.) adults takes place during July and August. It results from the different evolution of two populations:— a first population, whose complete development (from egg to adult) takes 11 or 12 months. This population corresponds to eggs laid after the middle of July (maximum egg laying during September). Most of the larvae having reached the third instar, it shows no more evolution during the winter; the further development takes place during the next spring, and adults emerge from mid-June to mid-July.— a second population resulting from egg laying, between February and July, of hibernated adults (maximum egg laying during April and May). The whole development being very short (2 to 3 months), the adults, corresponding to these eggs, emerge from the middle of July to the end of August.The observed differences between durations of the under-bark development (from 2 to 12 months) appear free of diapause and probably result from rates of development changing with temperature and instar.In our regional field temperature conditions, all the individuals reach finally their under-bark development approximatively at the same time, so that the adult emergence period takes place in July and August.
THERMOREGULATION IN COLONIES OF VESPULA ARENARIA AND VESPULA MACULATA (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE): III. HEAT PRODUCTION IN QUEEN NESTS
Authors: Gibo D. L. , Temporale A. , Lamarre T. P. , Soutar B. M. , Dew H. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe V. arenaria queen was able to heat her nest shortly after it was constructed, and expended up to 550 cal per hour per gram of biomass to accomplish this. In contrast, the V. maculata colony was not heated until it was 11 days old, by which time the brood consisted of about 15–20 large larvae which probably played a major role in the heat production process. When both colonies were about 2 weeks old, energy expenditures of more than 400 cal/h could be maintained for several hours, and the nest temperature could be elevated as much as 4°C above the ambient. During these periods the larvae probably accounted for as much as 66–71% of this energy expenditure. In addition to playing an active role in heating the nest, the larvae apparently provide the queen with a food source while she is producing heat during non-foraging periods.
REVIEW OF THE WORLD SPECIES OF PROSAPIA FENNAH (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CERCOPIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K.G.A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCharacters of male genitalia and sternal coloration are used to supplement the variable characters of head shape and tegminal colour pattern in determining the species of the world Prosapia. Five new species are described: chiapana, hemelytra, ignifera, and isobar from Mexico, and fortior from Panama. One new combination is created: Prosapia miles (Fowler). Four subspecies are considered valid species: ignipectus (Fitch), inferens (Walker), ripalis Fennah (new status), and teapana Fennah (new status). P. simulons (Walker) (1858) is synonymized with fasciaticollis (Stål) (1864), and bicincta (Say) (1830) is synonymized with fraterna (Uhler) (1864). An illustrated key to males of the 14 world species is provided.
SPECIES OFAPHIS(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN MANITOBA, WITH A KEY, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
Authors: Rojanavongse V. , Robinson A.G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA key is given for 37 species ofAphisL. in Manitoba. Three new species ofAphisare described,duckmountainensis,neomonardae, andwhiteshellensis.Aphis monardaeOestlund is declared to be a synonym ofA.gossypiiGlover. Lectotype and paralectotypes are designated forA.rubicolaOestlund. Comments on taxonomy and biology are given for other species in the genus.
AN ENERGY BUDGET FOR MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Bailey C.G. , Singh N.B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn energy budget was evaluated for the bertha army worm, Mamestra configurata (Walker), over its life cycle. Cumulative values for the budget at the end of larval development were: ingestion, 2124 cal; respiration, 372 cal; production, 485 cal; and egestion, 1266 cal. The sixth instar larva accounted for 80.1, 83.2, 81.3, and 78.8% of the total energy in ingestion, respiration, production, and egestion, respectively, during its development. Assimilation efficiency varied from 35.5 to 44.4% with a mean of 40.6%, gross production efficiency varied from 16.6 to 23.8% with a mean of 21.3%, and net production efficiency varied from 37.5 to 61.3% with a mean of 52.7%.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY OFPARARGYRACTIS CONFUSALIS, AN AQUATIC PYRALID (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Tuskes Paul M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn northern CaliforniaParargyractis confusalishas two to three generations per year, depending on climatic conditions. Adults lead a terrestrial life, though the female re-enters the water to oviposit. The eggs, larvae, and pupae exist underwater and have been collected to a depth of 4.3 m. Larvae occur in lakes and streams and are most abundant in areas where the water velocity is between 0.4 and 1.4 m/sec. Factors influencing the distribution and density of this species include water temperature, concentration of dissolved oxygen, substrate texture, and algal growth.
A NEW SPECIES OF MACROCHELES (ACARINA: MACROCHELIDAE) FOUND IN BUMBLE BEE NESTS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Richards K. W. , Richards L. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe adult female and male, deutonymph, protonymph, and larva of Macrocheles praedafimetorum n. sp. are described from bumble bee nests in southern Alberta, Canada. The new species appears to be a member of the glaber species-group. Various demographic characters are indicated. This mite exploits saprophagous organisms commonly found in dung, decaying matter, or bumble bee nests and has no effect on bumble bee populations.
OBSERVATIONS ON ATHRYCIA CINEREA (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE), A PARASITE OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Wylie H.G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAthrycia cinerea (Coq.) is a univoltine parasite of bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., on rapeseed in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. Details of the parasite’s seasonal life history are presented. Females oviposit on third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instars of bertha armyworm, and the parasite larvae usually develop gregariously and mature on the fifth and sixth instars. Supernumerary parasite larvae on superparasitized hosts starve; surviving larvae develop more rapidly, form smaller pupae with a lower capacity for survival, and eventually produce a consistently though not significantly smaller percentage of female adults than parasites that develop on non-superparasitized hosts. Larvae of A. cinerea are often killed if they compete with larvae of Banchus flavescens Cress., the only other common parasite of bertha armyworm, and a small percentage of the pupae of A. cinerea are killed by a hyperparasitic ichneumonid, Phygadeuon subfuscus Cress.