bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes in children with glioblastoma
Authors: Song Kyung Sun , Phi Ji Hoon , Cho Byung-Kyu , Wang Kyu-Chang , Lee Ji Yeoun , Kim Dong Gyu , Kim Il Han , Ahn Hyo Seop , Park Sung-Hye , Kim Seung-Ki 
Published: July 2010

Object
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor; however, glioblastoma in children is less common than in adults, and little is known about its clinical outcome in children. The authors evaluated the long-term outcome of glioblastoma in children.

Methods
Twenty-seven children were confirmed to have harbored a glioblastoma between 1985 and 2007. The clinical features and treatment outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent resection; complete resection was performed in 12 patients (44%), subtotal resection in 12 patients (44%), and biopsy in 3 patients (11%). Twenty-four patients (89%) had radiation therapy, and 14 (52%) patients received chemotherapy plus radiation therapy. Among the latter, 5 patients had radiation therapy concurrent with temozolomide chemotherapy. Four patients with small-size recurrent glioblastoma received stereotactic radiosurgery.

Results
The median overall survival (OS) was 43 months, and the median progression-free survival was 12 months. The OS rate was 67% at 1 year, 52% at 2 years, and 40% at 5 years. The median OS was significantly associated with tumor location (52 months for superficially located tumors vs 7 months for deeply located tumors; p = 0.017) and extent of removal (106 months for completely resected tumors vs 11 months for incompletely resected tumors; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The prognosis of glioblastoma is better in children than in adults. Radical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiation therapy may be the initial treatment of choice.
Improvement in recovery after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage using a selective cathepsin B and L inhibitor
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Han Yuxia , Zhang Jianfeng , Ding Christopher , Anagli John , Seyfried Donald M. 
Published: July 2010

Object
This study investigates a potential novel application of a selective cathepsin B and L inhibitor in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats.

Methods
Forty adult male Wistar rats received an ICH by stereotactic injection of 100 μl of autologous blood or sham via needle insertion into the right striatum. The rats were treated with a selective cathepsin B and L inhibitor (CP-1) or 1% dimethyl sulfoxide sterile saline intravenously at 2 and 4 hours after injury. Modified neurological severity scores were obtained and corner turn tests were performed at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after ICH. The rats were sacrificed at 3 and 14 days after ICH for immunohistological analysis of tissue loss, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis.

Results
The animals treated with CP-1 demonstrated significantly reduced apoptosis as well as tissue loss compared with controls (p < 0.05 for each). Neurological function as assessed by modified neurological severity score and corner turn tests showed improvement after CP-1 treatment at 7 and 14 days (p < 0.05). Angiogenesis and neurogenesis parameters demonstrated improvement after CP-1 treatment compared with controls (p < 0.05) at 14 days.

Conclusions
This study is the first report of treatment of ICH with a selective cathepsin B and L inhibitor. Cathepsin B and L inhibition has been shown to be beneficial after cerebral ischemia, likely because of its upstream regulation of the other prominent cysteine proteases, calpains, and caspases. While ICH may not induce a major component of ischemia, the cellular stress in the border zone may activate these proteolytic pathways. The observation that cathepsin B and L blockade is efficacious in this model is provocative for further investigation.
Crossed aphasia elicited by intraoperative cortical and subcortical stimulation in awake patients
Authors: Vassal Matthieu , Le Bars Emmanuelle , Sylvie Moritz-Gasser S.T. , Menjot Nicolas , Duffau Hugues 
Published: July 2010

Object
Crossed aphasia (aphasia resulting from a right hemispheric lesion among right-handed patients) is rare. The authors describe for the first time transient crossed aphasia elicited by intraoperative electrostimulation of both cortex and white matter pathways in awake patients.

Methods
Three right-handed adults underwent surgery for a right-sided glioma. Because slight language disorders occurred during partial seizures or were identified on preoperative cognitive assessment, with right activations detected on language functional MR imaging in 1 patient, awake craniotomy was performed using intraoperative cortico-subcortical electrical functional mapping.

Results
Transient language disturbances were elicited by stimulating discrete cortical areas (inferior frontal gyrus and posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus) and white matter pathways (inferior frontooccipital fasciculus and arcuate fasciculus). A subtotal resection was achieved in all cases, according to functional boundaries. Postoperatively, 1 patient experienced a transient dysphasia, which resolved after speech rehabilitation, with no permanent deficit.

Conclusions
These original findings highlight the possibility of finding crucial cortico-subcortical language networks in the right hemisphere in a subgroup of atypical right-handed patients. These findings provide new insights into the neural basis of language, by underlining the role of the right inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus in semantics and that of the right arcuate fasciculus in phonology, and by supporting the hypothesis of a mirror organization between the right and left hemispheres. The authors suggest that, in right-handed patients, if language disturbances are detected during seizures or on presurgical neuropsychological assessment, especially when right activations are observed on language functional MR imaging, awake craniotomy with intraoperative language mapping should be considered.
Are Most Sixth Nerve Palsies Really Paralytic?
Authors: Altintas Ayse Gul , Arifoglu Hasan Basri , Dal Derya , Simsek Saban 
Published: July 2010

Background:
Etiology and date of palsy are two important parameters that affect the treatment protocol of sixth nerve palsies. This study evaluated the treatment protocols and outcomes of treatment in sixth nerve palsies.

Methods:
Thirty-four patients who had sixth nerve palsy were included. Botulinum toxin A (BTX) injection was performed on patients with acute sixth nerve palsy and paresis (BTX group), whereas chronic cases received only horizontal surgery (surgery group). All patients in the BTX group received a BTX injection into the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle. Patients in the surgery group underwent either ipsilateral medial rectus recession or recession combined with lateral rectus resection without the transposition procedure.

Results:
Fifteen patients were treated with a BTX injection to the medial rectus muscle. One patient underwent ipsilateral medial rectus muscle recession and 6 patients received both medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in the same session. Measurement of esotropia was 24.9 prism diopters (PD) (range: 18 to 35 PD) before treatment in the BTX group. The recovery rate was 86.6% (13 of 15) without any residual deviation. In the surgery group, the mean preoperative deviation was 35.1 PD (range: 14 to 75 PD), which decreased to mean 2.57 PD (range: 0 to 10 PD) postoperatively. The achievement of orthotropia rate was 85.7%.

Conclusion:
BTX injection was found to be an effective treatment because it prevented medial rectus contraction in acute sixth nerve palsies. Correction of deviation with the recession of contracted medial rectus muscles and resection of lateral rectus muscles without the need of transposition in chronic sixth nerve palsy testified that most sixth nerve palsies involve partial paralysis rather than complete paralysis.
Outcomes of Surgery in Long-Standing Infantile Esotropia with Cross Fixation
Authors: Keskinbora Kadircan H. , Gonen Tansu , Horozoglu Fatih 
Published: July 2010

Background:
This is a retrospective study to determine the outcomes of the surgical correction in long-standing infantile esotropia with cross fixation.

Methods:
Medical charts of a group of patients with esotropia who had cross fixation and underwent surgery for strabismus between January 1991 and December 2004 were reviewed. The mean follow-up time was 4.7 years. Binocularity was measured by the Worth 4-dot test and Titmus stereo test. Twenty-six patients underwent surgery for strabismus. Twenty-one patients aged 8 to 26 years with a minimum 3-year postoperative follow-up were included. Five patients were excluded because they were lost to follow-up after surgery.

Results:
Bimedial recession and resection of one lateral rectus muscle were performed in all patients. Recession of the inferior oblique muscle with anteriorization was performed in patients who had inferior oblique overaction. Orthotropia was attained in 14 patients, whereas residual esotropia was diagnosed in 5 patients. Two patients were diagnosed as having exotropia. Two patients required a second surgery for dissociated vertical deviation. Overall, 9 of the 21 patients had indications of binocular function and 12 remained the same in their stereoacuity.

Conclusion:
Surgical correction of long-standing infantile esotropia with cross fixation in young adults may improve binocular function and allow long-term alignment stability.
Strabismus in Pediatric Lens Disorders
Authors: Spanou Nomiki , Alexopoulos Lampros , Manta Georgia , Tsamadou Despina , Drakos Hristos , Paikos Petros 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate the prevalence and types of strabismus in children with cataract and ectopia lentis.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively evaluated 860 children treated in the ophthalmological department of Children’s Hospital “Agia Sophia” during the past decade. Their medical files with reference to strabismus prevalence, correlation between the time of strabismus occurrence and lens extraction surgery, and type of strabismus were studied.

Results:
Of the 822 children with cataract, 337 had congenital cataract and 485 had acquired cataract. Strabismus occurred in 199 (24.2%) patients; 113 (56.8%) patients had esotropia and 86 (43.2%) patients had exotropia. Of the 38 children with ectopia lentis, strabismus occurred in 5 (13.2%); 1 patient had esotropia and 4 patients had exotropia. There is no significant difference in the time of appearance of strabismus in relation to the cataract operation, whereas there is a significant difference in ectopia lentis, although this may be a result of the small sample size. The incidence of strabismus is higher in patients with unilateral cataracts (27.4%) than in those with bilateral cataracts (19.6%). Strabismus occurred more frequently in patients with congenital cataracts (30.3%) than in acquired cases (20%), with esotropia being more common in congenital cataracts (76.5%) and exotropia more common in acquired cataracts (63.9%).

Conclusion:
The authors believe it is imperative that great attention should be given to ocular alignment in addition to management of refractive error and intense amblyopia therapy during long-term follow-up.
Posterior Corneal Elevation After LASIK with Three Flap Techniques as Measured by Pentacam
Authors: Grewal Dilraj S. , Brar Gagandeep S. , Grewal Satinder Pal Singh 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate and compare posterior corneal changes using elevation data obtained from Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) Scheimpflug imaging in eyes undergoing LASIK with three different modes of flap creation: IntraLase femtosecond laser FS60 (Abbott Medical Optics) (femtosecond group), Amadeus (Ziemer Group AG) mechanical microkeratome (keratome group), or flap formation using 20% alcohol laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) (LASEK group).

Methods:
Ninety myopic patients (90 eyes) undergoing refractive surgery were recruited. The change in posterior corneal elevation at 21 predetermined points in the central 5-mm area was measured using exported elevation data from the Pentacam before LASIK and 18 months postoperative and was compared among and within three modes of flap creation.

Results:

Mean change in posterior elevation in the central 5-mm area was 5.13±4.16 μm for the femtosecond group, 5.78±4.42 μm for the keratome group, and 6.68±4.72 μm for the LASEK group and was similar among groups (
P
=.59). Change in posterior elevation before and after LASIK was not significant within any group (
P
=.342,
P
=.232, and
P
=.321 for the femtosecond, keratome, and LASEK groups, respectively). Preoperative spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, ablation depth, and estimated residual bed thickness did not correlate with change in posterior corneal elevation for the femtosecond, keratome, or LASEK groups (
P
>.05).

Conclusions:
Using Pentacam elevation data, there were no significant changes in posterior corneal elevation following LASIK among or within the three methods of flap creation. At 18 months after LASIK, the posterior corneal surface is not displaced anteriorly significantly and is equally stable using these three surgical techniques.
Corneal Density with the Pentacam After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Takacs Agnes I. , Mihaltz Kata , Nagy Zoltan Z. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To measure corneal density and evaluate corneal haze in unoperated eyes and in eyes after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:
Forty-nine patients (91 eyes) who underwent PRK and 48 control patients (76 unoperated eyes) were measured with the densitometry program of the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) (0=no clouding, 100=tissue completely opaque). Eyes were categorized as myopic or hyperopic (myopia group and hyperopia group), with subgroups defined as unoperated (unoperated myopia group and unoperated hyperopia group), postoperative clear corneas (clear cornea myopia group and clear cornea hyperopia group), and postoperative with haze (myopia haze group and hyperopia haze group). The ANOVA option of the Statistica 8.1 program package (StatSoft Inc) was used to compare subgroups.

Results:

Maximum density of postoperative corneas with haze (myopia haze group, 46.2±16.2; hyperopia haze group, 50.2±25.8) was higher than in postoperative clear corneas (clear cornea myopia group, 29.9±8.7; clear cornea hyperopia group, 22.9±3.1), but maximum corneal density in the latter subgroups showed no difference compared with unoperated controls (unoperated myopia group, 25.1±2.4; unoperated hyperopia group, 22.8±3.2). Differences among subgroups were not found outside the 6-mm diameter ablation zone. In hazy myopic corneas, there was a strong decreasing density trend from the apex to the 3-mm radius (
P
<.001, R=−0.5), which continued towards the periphery at 4.5 mm (
P
=.019, R=−0.21). Hyperopic mild hazy corneas showed a density increase from the apex to 3 mm (
P
<.001, R=0.4), followed by a decrease towards the periphery (
P
<.01, R=−0.4).

Conclusions:
The densitometry program of the Pentacam can provide a useful objective measure of postoperative and other mild corneal haze.
Prospective, Contralateral Comparison of 120-μm and 90-μm LASIK Flaps Using the IntraLase FS60 Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Moshirfar Majid , Hatch Bryndon B. , Chang JoAnn C. , Kurz Christopher J. , Eugarrios Marcela F. , Mifflin Mark D. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To compare differences in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, higher order ocular aberrations, quality of life, and patient-reported outcomes at 3 and 6 months postoperatively in eyes with stable myopia undergoing thin-flap (intended flap thicknesses of 120 or 90 μm) LASIK using the VISX Star S4 CustomVue excimer laser (VISX Inc), with flaps created by the IntraLase FS60 femtosecond laser (Abbott Medical Optics).

Methods:
In this prospective study, thin-flap LASIK was performed contralaterally on 94 eyes: 47 eyes with 120-μm intended flap thickness and 47 eyes with 90-μm intended flap thickness. Primary outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), contrast sensitivity, and higher order aberrations.

Results:

At 6 months, mean values for UDVA (logMAR) were −0.064±0.077 and −0.051±0.070 in the 120-μm and 90-μm groups, respectively (n=40,
P
=.431). Visual acuity of 20/20 was achieved in 98% of eyes with 120-μm flaps and 95% of eyes with 90-μm flaps, whereas 20/15 vision was achieved in 50% of eyes with 120-μm flaps and 45% of eyes with 90-μm flaps (
P
≥.454). Both groups had significant increases in total higher order aberrations (
P
≤.003). Significant differences were not found between groups in contrast sensitivity (
P
≥.258), CDVA (
P
≥.726), total higher order aberrations (
P
≥.477), or patient-reported outcomes (
P
≥.132). Patients in both groups reported increased quality of life postoperatively (
P
≤.002).

Conclusions:
Under well-controlled surgical conditions, thin-flap LASIK achieved similar results in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and low induction of higher order aberrations in eyes with intended flap thicknesses of either 120 or 90 μm.
Optical Quality in Eyes Implanted with Aspheric and Spherical Intraocular Lenses Assessed by NIDEK OPD-Scan: A Randomized, Bilateral, Clinical Trial
Authors: Santhiago Marcony R. , Netto Marcelo V. , Barreto Jackson , Gomes Beatriz A.F. , Oliveira Cristiane D. , Kara-Junior Newton 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To determine whether implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) with an aspheric surface (Akreos AO, Bausch & Lomb Inc) results in reduced ocular aberrations (spherical aberration) and improved Strehl ratio and modulation transfer function (MTF) after cataract surgery.

Methods:
In an intraindividual, randomized, double-masked, prospective study of 50 eyes (25 patients) with bilateral cataract, an IOL with modified anterior and posterior surfaces (Akreos AO) was implanted in one eye and a biconvex IOL with spherical surfaces (Akreos Fit, Bausch & Lomb Inc) implanted in the fellow eye. Ocular aberrations, Strehl ratio, and MTF curve with 4.5-, 5.0-, and 6.0-mm pupils were measured with a NIDEK OPD-Scan dynamic retinoscopy aberrometer 3 months after surgery. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA, respectively) were also measured.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was noted between eyes in postoperative UDVA and CDVA at 1 month. At 3 months, the Akreos AO IOL group obtained statistically significant lower values of higher order and spherical aberrations with 4.5-, 5.0-, and 6.0-mm pupil diameters than the Akreos Fit IOL group (
P
<.05). The value of Strehl ratio was statistically significantly higher in eyes with the Akreos AO IOL for 4.5- and 6.0-mm pupils (
P
<.05). The MTF curve was better in the Akreos AO IOL group in 4.5-, 5.0-, and 6.0-mm pupils (
P
<.05).

Conclusions:
The aspheric Akreos AO IOL induced significantly less spherical aberration than the Akreos Fit IOL for 4.5-, 5.0-, and 6.0-mm pupils. Modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio were also better in eyes implanted with the Akreos AO IOL than the Akreos Fit.
Trainee Glaucoma Surgery: Experience with Trabeculectomy and Glaucoma Drainage Devices
Authors: Connor Michael A. , Knape Robert M. , Oltmanns Matthew H. , Smith Mary Fran 
Published: July 2010

Background and Objective:
To examine outcomes of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and glaucoma drainage device placement for uncontrolled glaucoma when performed by resident surgeons.

Patients and Methods:
This study included any patient who underwent a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (n = 93) or a glaucoma drainage device (n = 60) by a resident surgeon between 2001 and 2006. Outcome measures at 3, 6, and 12 months included failure of treatment, number of follow-up appointments, complications, number of medications, and need for further surgery.

Results:

One year postoperatively, intraocular pressure averaged 12.1 ± 5.1 mm Hg in the trabeculectomy group and 13.0 ± 5.1 mm Hg in the glaucoma drainage device group (
P
= .31). Complications occurred in 30% of eyes with trabeculectomy and 10% of eyes with a glaucoma drainage device.

Conclusion:
During the first postoperative year, glaucoma drainage device surgery may have fewer complications and less morbidity than a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C when these surgeries are performed by resident surgeons. Final intraocular pressures were similar between the two groups.
Static output‐feedback for Takagi–Sugeno systems with delays
Authors: Nachidi M. , Tadeo F. , Benzaouia A. , Ait Rami M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA practical methodology to design controllers for Takagi–Sugeno discrete‐time systems with unknown delays is proposed, based on using Linear Matrix Inequalities. More precisely, the design of discrete‐time output‐feedback stabilizing controllers in the presence of bounded delays is solved, when values of the disturbance attenuation and decay‐rate are imposed. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the proposed approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress Concentration Factors and Weight Functions in Thin Notched Structures of Equibiaxial Anisotropic Materials
Authors: Heinzelmann Michael , Kalamkarov Alexander L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn notched structures, the influence of the notch on the structural strength of the component can be described by a stress concentration factor or—in the presence of cracks–a weight function. Numerous stress concentration factor and weight function solutions are available to the engineer, but regrettably almost exclusively for isotropic materials. In the present study, stress concentration factors and weight functions are calculated for equibiaxial anisotropic materials. The geometry under investigation is a flat plate in tension containing a central hole. The calculated results show that the elastic anisotropic material behavior can significantly influence the magnitude of both stress concentration factors and weight functions.
Surface Activation of a Ferrimagnetic Glass–Ceramic for Antineoplastic Drugs Grafting
Authors: Vernè Enrica , Miola Marta , Ferraris Sara , Bianchi Claudia L. , Naldoni Alberto , Maina Giovanni , Bretcanu Oana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA ferrimagnetic glass–ceramic, belonging to the system SiO2–Na2O–CaO–P2O5–FeO–Fe2O3, has been studied as potential carrier for antineoplastic agents, in order to exploit the combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy. Different material pre‐treatments, such as ultrasonic washing, water, or simulated body fluid dipping, were evaluated to promote the surface activation of the glass–ceramic, i.e., the hydroxyl groups formation on it. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectrometry, and wettability measurements were performed to observe the samples surface modification. The best results in terms of free hydroxyl groups exposition were obtained by dipping the samples in distilled water for 7 days at 37 °C. Two different anticancer drugs were selected in order to test the reactivity of the activated surface: cisplatinum and doxorubicin. The uptake and release of doxorubicin and cisplatinum were evaluated on glass–ceramic powders, by using UV–Visible spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. After 1 day of uptake at 37 °C, the quantity of doxorubicin incorporated into the glass–ceramic is 77 ± 7 wt%, while only 42 ± 9.6 wt% of cisplatinum is grafted onto the material surface. For both antitumoral agents, the maximum drug release after soaking in aqueous solutions at 37 °C was obtained in few hours, with a randomly distributed kinetics trend.