bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detailed observations of the life history and phylogenetic placements of the freshwater green alga Oocystaenium elegans (Oocystaceae, Trebouxiophyceae), with an emended description
Authors: Mizobuchi Aya , Handa Shinji , Tsubota Hiromi 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYOocystaenium elegans Gonzalves & Mehra (Oocystaceae, Trebouxiophyceae) was collected from a paddy field in Japan. Its life history was reexamined based on detailed observations of cultured material, and an emended description is given. This species is a large spindle‐shaped green alga that grows in puddles and paddy fields and has been reported in India, Nepal and Cuba. Reproduction occurs asexually via autospore formation and sexually via oogamy. Although this oogamy is considered to involve fertilization by globular egg cells and antherozoids, the results of the present study revealed that the egg cells (female cells) remained spindle‐shaped and became globular zygotes after fertilization. The place on the egg cells where the antherozoid attached swelled to become a receptive papilla, after which the antherozoid invaded. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences showed that O. elegans is included in the family Oocystaceae.
Lack of causative mutation in the AMH and AMHR2 genes in a cat (38,XY) with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS)
Authors: Rozynek Jedrzej , Nowacka‐Woszuk Joanna , Stachowiak Monika , Sowinska Natalia , Lukomska Anna , Gruss Michal , Switonski Marek , Szczerbal Izabela 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA 1‐year‐old European shorthair male cat with a normally developed penis was subjected to genetic, endocrinological and histological studies due to unilateral cryptorchidism. The blood testosterone level was typical for males, while the level of anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) was very low. Surgical removal of internal reproductive organs was followed by a histological study, which revealed inactive testicles with neoplastic changes and derivatives of Mullerian ducts. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal XY sex chromosome complement and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Y‐linked genes (SRY and ZFY). Although the level of AMH was low, two normal copies of the AMH gene were found using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Analysis of the coding sequences of two candidate genes (AMH and AMHR2) for persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) in the affected cat and in control male cats (n = 24) was performed using the Sanger sequencing method. In the affected cat, homozygosity was found for three novel missense variants in Exon 1 (one SNP) and Exon 5 (two SNPs) of AMH, but the same homozygous genotypes were also observed in one and two control cats, respectively, whose sex development was not examined. Three known synonymous variants with homozygous status were found in AMHR2. We conclude that the DNA variants identified in AMH and AMHR2 are not responsible for PMDS in the affected cat.
Interconnected and resilient: A CGE analysis of AI‐driven cyberattacks in global trade
Authors: Osman Rehab , El‐Gendy Sherif 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe burgeoning interconnectedness of global trade in the digital age not only presents enticing opportunities but also harbors potent vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven cyberattacks. This study explores the cascading impacts of these disruptive threats on economies, supply chains, and trade, utilizing the intricate lens of Computable General Equilibrium modeling.Through meticulously designed simulation scenarios, we illuminate the potential economic ramifications of cyberattacks, with a focus on regions heavily reliant on digital technologies and interwoven supply chains. The analysis reveals significant declines in real GDP, trade prices and volumes, and trade route disruptions across regions. Notably, economies like China, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the EU, due to their deep integration in global networks, face pronounced vulnerabilities.However, amidst this bleak landscape, hope emerges in the form of cyber resilience. The study showcases the effectiveness of proactive measures like adaptable production systems, diversified trade partners, and robust cybersecurity infrastructure in mitigating the adverse impacts of cyberattacks. Incorporating cyber resilience significantly dampens the reported negative consequences, highlighting the critical role of preparedness in combating digital warfare.This study underscores the urgent need for a global paradigm shift toward cyber resilience. Collective efforts to bolster cybersecurity infrastructures, foster international cooperation in threat intelligence, and establish open and resilient trade frameworks are crucial in navigating the treacherous labyrinth of AI‐driven cyberattacks. By embracing resilience strategies and fostering global collaboration, we can pave the way for a more secure and prosperous digital future, where interconnectedness becomes a tool for progress, not a vulnerability to be exploited.
Effect of selective trimming of nasoavleolar molding on maxillary arch growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Murthy Prashanth Sadashiva , Venkatapathy Aarthi Latha , Deshmukh Seema 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimPresurgical Nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) is a technique used for cleft lip and palate patients prior to cheiloplasty. However, concerns exist regarding its negative impact on maxillary arch growth.This study aimed to assess the effect of selective trimming in NAM on maxillary arch growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip palate.MethodologyThe retrospective observational study analyzed the study casts of 30 patients before and after undergoing nasoalveolar molding treatment. Study casts which were repositories of the institute were analyzed and segregated as Group A: NAM given with selective trimming of the appliance, and Group B: NAM without selective trimming of the appliance. Pre and post‐treatment casts were assessed digitally at L‐L’ (Intercleft segment width), C‐C’ (Intercanine width), T‐T’ (Alveolar arch width), L‐TT’ (Alveolar arch length from major cleft segment), and L’‐TT’ (Alveolar arch length from minor cleft segment)ResultsA notable significant difference between Group A's and B's mean Alveolar arch width and Intercleft segment width was seen. Whereas parameters such as intercanine width, and alveolar arch length as functions from major and minor segments showed no significant variance.ConclusionAlthough NAM has been known to affect the growth of the maxillary arch, this study proposes that techniques such as selective trimming can help counteract this drawback.
A data‐driven genome annotation approach for cassava
Authors: Chenna Swetha , Ivanov Maxim , Nielsen Tue Kjærgaard , Chalenko Karina , Olsen Evy , Jørgensen Kirsten , Sandelin Albin , Marquardt Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYGenome annotation files play a critical role in dictating the quality of downstream analyses by providing essential predictions for gene positions and structures. These files are pivotal in decoding the complex information encoded within DNA sequences. Here, we generated experimental data resolving RNA 5′‐ and 3′‐ends as well as full‐length RNAs for cassava TME12 sticklings in ambient temperature and cold. We used these data to generate genome annotation files using the TranscriptomeReconstructoR (TR) tool. A careful comparison to high‐quality genome annotations suggests that our new TR genome annotations identified additional genes, resolved the transcript boundaries more accurately and identified additional RNA isoforms. We enhanced existing cassava genome annotation files with the information from TR that maintained the different transcript models as RNA isoforms. The resultant merged annotation was subsequently utilized for comprehensive analysis. To examine the effects of genome annotation files on gene expression studies, we compared the detection of differentially expressed genes during cold using the same RNA‐seq data but alternative genome annotation files. We found that our merged genome annotation that included cold‐specific TR gene models identified about twice as many cold‐induced genes. These data indicate that environmentally induced genes may be missing in off‐the‐shelf genome annotation files. In conclusion, TR offers the opportunity to enhance crop genome annotations with implications for the discovery of differentially expressed candidate genes during plant–environment interactions.
A plasma membrane‐localized transporter remobilizes aleurone layer magnesium for seed germination in rice
Authors: Guan Liurong , Yin Li , Liu Yingna , Yan Jun , Wang Bin , Luan Mingda , Lan Wenzhi 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYThe aleurone layer in cereal grains acts as a major reservoir of essential mineral nutrients, significantly influencing seed germination. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the redistribution of nutrients from the aleurone layer in the germinating seed is still not well understood. Here, in rice, we identified a plasma membrane (PM) localized magnesium transporter, MAGNESIUM RELEASE TRANSPORTER 3 (MGR3), is critical for seed germination. OsMGR3 is predominantly expressed in the aleurone layer cells of endosperm, facilitating magnesium remobilization during germination. Non‐invasive Micro‐test Technology assay data demonstrated that the loss‐of‐function of OsMGR3 restrained magnesium efflux from the aleurone layer. In the embryo/endosperm grafting experiment, we observed that the mutation of OsMGR3 in the aleurone layer suppressed the growth and differentiation of the embryo during germination. Furthermore, magnesium fluorescence imaging revealed the osmgr3 mutant seeds showed impaired exportation of aleurone layer‐stored magnesium to the embryo, consequently delaying germination. Importantly, we discovered that disrupting OsMGR3 could inhibit pre‐harvest sprouting without affecting rice yield and quality. Therefore, the magnesium efflux transporter OsMGR3 in the aleurone layer represents a promising genetic target for future agronomic trait improvement.
BREATHE DMD: boosting respiratory efficacy after therapeutic hypoxic episodes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ó Murchú Seán C. , O'Halloran Ken D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic neuromuscular disorder, characterised by progressive decline in skeletal muscle function due to the secondary consequences of dystrophin deficiency. Weakness extends to the respiratory musculature, and cardiorespiratory failure is the leading cause of death in men with DMD. Intermittent hypoxia has emerged as a potential therapy to counteract ventilatory insufficiency by eliciting long‐term facilitation of breathing. Mechanisms of sensory and motor facilitation of breathing have been well delineated in animal models. Various paradigms of intermittent hypoxia have been designed and implemented in human trials culminating in clinical trials in people with spinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Application of therapeutic intermittent hypoxia to DMD is considered together with discussion of the potential barriers to progression owing to the complexity of this devastating disease. Notwithstanding the considerable challenges and potential pitfalls of intermittent hypoxia‐based therapies for DMD, we suggest it is incumbent on the research community to explore the potential benefits in pre‐clinical models. Intermittent hypoxia paradigms should be implemented to explore the proclivity to express respiratory plasticity with the longer‐term aim of preserving and potentiating ventilation in pre‐clinical models and people with DMD.
image
CRFP Mechanical Properties—Stated Values Versus Experimental Data
Authors: Jribi Kais , Azizi Boutros , Mello Alberto W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study thoroughly examines the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs), motivated by the critical need for accurate composite property data in investigating fracture control measures for structures subjected to barely visible impact damage. We compared experimental results with manufacturer-stated values, focusing on discrepancies in fiber volume fraction and its impact on elastic modulus. Experimental findings showed an increase in elastic modulus to 190 GPa for 0 deg orientation samples, compared to the manufacturer's stated value of 159.27 GPa. The recalculated fiber volume fraction increased from the expected 57% to an actual value of 60.96%. This increase in fiber content, determined through the Voigt modulus equation and corroborated by SEM image analysis, directly contributed to the observed variations in elastic modulus. Tension tests at 0 deg and 90 deg angles exhibited average percentage errors of 14.83% and 11.57%, respectively, while compression tests at 0 deg displayed a deviation of approximately −13.92% after adjusting for values beyond 0.05% compressive strain. The study underscores the critical impact of fiber volume fraction on CFRP properties and highlights the importance of precise empirical evaluation for accurate CFRP characterization in applications such as aerospace engineering.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Wear Behavior of Dissimilar Metallic Coatings for Steel Discs of Butterfly Valves
Authors: Lähdeniemi Juuso , Chen Jiayi , Teittinen Tuomas , Yeddu Hemantha Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the present work, coating materials that can be welded to the EN 1.6220 low-alloy steel disc of a butterfly valve and are also compatible with the seal material, i.e., 17–4 PH steel, are studied. 312 duplex stainless steel, 316 austenitic stainless steel, and Stellite 6 are identified as potential coating materials for the disc based on Cobweb analysis and are welded to the disc using metal active gas (MAG) welding (312 and 316 steel coatings) and powder plasma arc welding (Stellite 6 coating). Microstructural analyses and Vickers hardness measurements of the weld joints are performed. The surface roughness and wear behavior of the coatings are also studied. Nanoscale wear phenomena and consequent phase transformations are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that 312 and 316 stainless steels are suitable coating materials for the disc.
A Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Approaches Used to Investigate Lubrication of Rolling Element Bearings
Authors: Sadeghi Farshid , Arya Ujjawal , Aamer Saeed , Meinel Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Optimizing bearing performance is based on effective lubrication, especially in high-speed machinery, where minimizing churning and drag losses is of significant importance. Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted into the better understanding of different aspects of bearing lubrication. These investigations have employed a combination of experimental methods and advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. This article provides a comprehensive overview of critical aspects of bearing lubrication, with a specific emphasis on recent advances in CFD models. Lubricant flow and distribution patterns are discussed while examining their impact on drag and churning losses. An extensive discussion is provided on the meshing strategies and modeling approaches used to simulate various flow phenomena within bearings. In addition, relevant trends and impacts of cage design on bearing lubrication and fluid friction have been explored, along with a discussion of prevailing limitations that can be addressed in future bearing CFD models.
Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Modal Analysis for the Central Rod-Fastened Rotor With Hirth Couplings Based on Fractal Contact Theory
Authors: Huang Gancai , Liu Chao , Jiang Dongxiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The central rod-fastened rotor of gas turbine exhibits pronounced noncontinuous characteristics due to the large number of contact interfaces between the compressor and turbine disks. It is necessary to establish an accurate dynamic modeling method for the central rod-fastened rotor that fully considers the contact surface effect. In this work, the contact behavior of the rough surface is characterized by the fractal theory. The normal and tangential contact stiffness models are developed, and the influence of fractal parameters is discussed. Besides, the finite element model for the central rod-fastened rotor is established by developing an improved contact element considering the equivalent stiffness segment of Hirth couplings. Finally, the proposed model is verified by conducting the modal testing and measuring the first four modes of natural frequencies and modal shapes of the central rod-fastened rotor. The results show that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and the fractal contact model can effectively predict the connection stiffness of Hirth couplings, which in turn improves the simulation accuracy for the modal characteristics of the central rod-fastened rotor and provides a dynamic modeling approach with high efficiency and less computational complexity.
Reliability of Three Landmine-Punch-Throw Variations and Their Load–Velocity Relationships Performed With the Dominant and Nondominant Hands
Authors: Omcirk Dan , Vetrovsky Tomas , O’Dea Cian , Ruddock Alan , Wilson Daniel , Maleček Jan , Padecky Jan , Janikov Martin Tino , Tufano James J. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study assessed the reliability and load–velocity profiles of 3 different landmine-punch-throw variations (seated without trunk rotation, seated with trunk rotation, and standing whole body) with different loads (20, 22.5, and 25.0 kg), all with the dominant hand and nondominant hand. Methods: In a quasi-randomized order, 14 boxers (24.1 [4.3] y, 72.6 [10.1] kg) performed 3 repetitions of each variation with their dominant hand and their nondominant hand, with maximal effort and 3 minutes of interset rest. Peak velocity was measured via the GymAware Power Tool (Kinetic Performance Technologies). The interclass correlation coefficients and their 95% CIs were used to determine the intrasession reliability of each variation × load × hand combination. Additionally, a 2 (hand) × 3 (variation) repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed the load–velocity profile slope, and a 3 (variation) × 2 (hand) × 3 (load) repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed the peak velocity of each variation. Results: Most variations were highly reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient > .91), with the nondominant hand being as reliable or more reliable than the dominant hand. Very strong linear relationships were observed for the group average for each variation (R2 ≥ .96). However, there was no variation × hand interaction for the slope, and there was no main effect for variation or hand. Additionally, there was no interaction for the peak velocity, but there were main effects for variation, hand, and load (P < .01). Conclusion: Each variation was reliable and can be used to create upper-body ballistic unilateral load–velocity profiles. However, as with other research on load–velocity profile, individual data allowed for more accurate profiling than group average data.
Evaluation of commercial, customized microdilution plates for
Ureaplasma parvum
,
Ureaplasma urealyticum
, and
Mycoplasma hominis
antimicrobial susceptibility testing and determination of antimicrobial resistance prevalence in France
Authors: Pereyre Sabine , Hénin Nadège , Dolzy Amandine , Guiraud Jennifer , Laurier-Nadalié Cécile , Gardette Marie , Bébéar Cécile ,   for the investigator group
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of human mycoplasmas using microdilution is time-consuming. In this study, we compared the performance of MICRONAUT-S plates (Biocentric-Bruker) designed for AST of
Ureaplasma parvum
,
Ureaplasma urealyticum
, and
Mycoplasma hominis
with the results using the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference method. Then, we investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in France in 2020 and 2021. The two methods were compared using 60 strains. For the resistance prevalence study,
U. parvum
-,
U. urealyticum
-, and
M. hominis
-positive clinical specimens were collected for 1 month each year in 22 French diagnostic laboratories. MICs were determined using the MICRONAUT-S plates. The
tet
(M) gene was screened using PCR, and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations were screened using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Comparing the methods, 99.5% (679/680) MICs obtained using the MICRONAUT-S plates concurred with those obtained using the CLSI reference method. For 90
M
.
hominis
isolates, the tetracycline, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin resistance rates were 11.1%, 2.2%, and 2.2%, respectively, with no clindamycin resistance. For 248
U
.
parvum
isolates, the levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance rates were 5.2% and 0.8%, respectively; they were 2.9% and 1.5% in 68
U
.
urealyticum
isolates. Tetracycline resistance in
U. urealyticum
(11.8%) was significantly (
P
< 0.001) higher than in
U. parvum
(1.2%). No macrolide resistance was observed. Overall, the customized MICRONAUT-S plates are a reliable, convenient tool for AST of human mycoplasmas. Tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance remain limited in France. However, the prevalence of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance has increased significantly in
Ureaplasma
spp. from 2010 to 2015 and requires monitoring.

IMPORTANCE

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of human urogenital mycoplasmas using the CLSI reference broth microdilution method is time-consuming and requires the laborious preparation of antimicrobial stock solutions. Here, we validated the use of reliable, convenient plates designed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing that allows the simultaneous determination of the MICs of eight antibiotics of interest. We then investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of resistance of each of these bacteria to tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in France in 2020 and 2021. We showed that the prevalence of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance has increased significantly in
Ureaplasma
spp. from 2010 to 2015 and requires ongoing monitoring.