bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction and Reaction of the Phenyl Radical with Water: A Source of OH Radicals
Authors: Mardyukov Artur , Sanchez‐Garcia Elsa , Crespo‐Otero Rachel , Sander Wolfram 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDas ist radikal! Bei einer photochemischen Reaktion zwischen Phenylradikal und Wasser wird ein Wasserstoffatom aus Wasser abstrahiert und ein Hydroxylradikal gebildet. Das Hydroxylradikal geht mit Benzol eine OH⋅⋅⋅π‐Wasserstoffbrücke ein (siehe Bild) und reagiert mit Benzol unter Matrixisolationsbedingungen nicht thermisch.magnified image
Kooperative Molekülbewegungen innerhalb eines selbstorganisierten flüssigkristallinen molekularen Drahtes am Beispiel eines TEG‐ substituierten Perylendiimids
Authors: Hansen Michael Ryan , Schnitzler Tobias , Pisula Wojciech , Graf Robert , Müllen Klaus , Spiess Hans Wolfgang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractImmer in Bewegung bleiben! Die Moleküldynamik von Perylengrundkörpern in kolumnaren Strukturen beeinflusst die Prozessierbarkeit und die Selbstheilung solcher Systeme. Eine Kombination von Röntgenstreuung und Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie zeigte, dass selbst im eingefrorenen Zustand lokal beschränkte Fluktuationen der Kerne möglich sind und in der flüssigkristallinen Phase hoch kooperative, spiralartige Bewegungen stattfinden (siehe Bild).magnified image
Miniemulsionspolymerisation und Struktur von Polymer‐ und Hybridnanopartikeln
Authors: Landfester Katharina 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMaximaler Erfolg dank Miniemulsion: Der Miniemulsionsprozess ermöglicht die Bildung komplexer Polymernanopartikel und die Verkapselung unterschiedlichster Materialien in einer Polyschale (siehe Beispiele). Eine Funktionalisierung der Nanopartikel gelingt einfach. Polymerisationen zur Erzeugung von Polymernanopartikeln gelingen in umweltfreundlichen Lösungsmitteln wie H2O.magnified imageDer Miniemulsionsprozess ermöglicht die Bildung von komplexen polymeren Nanopartikeln und die Verkapselung eines festen oder flüssigen, eines anorganischen oder organischen, eines hydrophoben oder hydrophilen Materials in einer Polyschale. Dabei lassen sich verschiedenste Materialien von organischen und anorganischen Pigmenten, Magnetit oder anderen festen Nanopartikeln bis hin zu hydrophilen oder hydrophoben Flüssigkeiten wie Duftstoffen, Medikamenten oder Photoinitiatoren verkapseln. Eine Funktionalisierung der Nanopartikel kann einfach erzielt werden. Ein Vorteil gegenüber Polymerisationsprozessen in organischen Lösungsmitteln ist die Tatsache, dass Polymerisationen zum Erhalt polymerer Nanopartikel in umweltfreundlichen Lösungsmitteln, meistens Wasser, durchgeführt werden können.
Practical Synthesis of the Dendralene Family Reveals Alternation in Behavior
Authors: Payne Alan D. , Bojase Gomotsang , Paddon‐Row Michael N. , Sherburn Michael S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNicht länger obskur: Eine brauchbare Synthese der ersten sechs Mitglieder der fundamentalen Klasse der acyclischen verzweigten Oligoalkene ist gelungen. Auf diesem Weg sind die Zielverbindungen in guten Ausbeuten im Multigramm‐Maßstab zugänglich. Verbindungen mit einer geraden Zahl an Doppelbindungen sind deutlich stabiler als die mit einer ungeraden Zahl (siehe Bild), und sie unterscheiden sich im Reaktionsverhalten bei Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen.magnified image
Innentitelbild: Matrix‐Free Formation of Gas‐Phase Biomolecular Ions by Soft Cluster‐Induced Desorption (Angew. Chem. 23/2009)
Authors: Gebhardt Christoph. R. , Tomsic Anna , Schröder Hartmut , Dürr Michael , Kompa Karl L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDie Massenspektrometrie von Biomolekülen hat sich zu einer Schlüsseltechnik in der Bioanalytik entwickelt. Wie C. R. Gebhardt, M. Dürr und Mitarbeiter in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 4226 ff. beschreiben, kann das Aufprallen neutraler molekularer Cluster auf einer Oberfläche zur „sanften“ Bildung von Biomolekül‐Ionen genutzt werden. Durch den Aufprall auf die Oberfläche liefern die Cluster die Energie, die für die Desorption der adsorbierten Biomoleküle benötigt wird, und sie dienen zugleich als transiente Matrix. Nachfolgende Verdunstungskühlung verhindert die Fragmentierung und führt schließlich zu einem isolierten Biomolekül‐Ion in der Gasphase.magnified image
Improving the Hydrogen‐Adsorption Properties of a Hydroxy‐Modified MIL‐53(Al) Structural Analogue by Lithium Doping
Authors: Himsl Dieter , Wallacher Dirk , Hartmann Martin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLithium makes the difference: A simple strategy for the synthesis of lithium‐doped porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is developed (see structure; C black, O red, AlO6 blue octahedra), thus paving the way for the facile preparation of lithium‐doped MOFs. Moreover, the significant increase in hydrogen adsorption predicted by theoretical calculations is observed.magnified image
Miniemulsion Polymerization and the Structure of Polymer and Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Landfester Katharina 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe miniemulsion process allows the formation of complex polymer nanoparticles and the encapsulation of widely varying materials into a polymer shell (see examples). Functionalization of the nanoparticles can be easily carried out, and polymerization to form polymer nanoparticles can be performed in environmentally friendly solvents, such as water.magnified imageThe miniemulsion process allows the formation of complex structured polymeric nanoparticles and the encapsulation of a solid or liquid, an inorganic or organic, or a hydrophobic or hydrophilic material into a polymer shell. Many different materials, ranging from organic and inorganic pigments, magnetite, or other solid nanoparticles, to hydrophobic and hydrophilic liquids, such as fragrances, drugs, or photoinitators, can be encapsulated. Functionalization of the nanoparticles can also be easily obtained. Compared to polymerization processes in organic solvents, polymerization to obtain polymeric nanoparticles can be performed in environmentally friendly solvents, usually water.
Tin Chemistry.Fundamentals, Frontiers, and Applications. Edited by Alwyn G. Davies, Marcel Gielen, Keith H. Pannell and Edward R. T. Tiekink.
Authors: Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractJohn Wiley & Sons, Chichester 2008. 752 pp., hardcover € 199.00.—ISBN 978‐0470517710magnified image
Indirect Optical Analysis of a Dynamic Chemical System
Authors: Gasparini Giulio , Bettin Federico , Scrimin Paolo , Prins Leonard J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHide and seek: The composition of a dynamic covalent equilibrium reaction is determined by measuring the ‘left‐over’ concentration of a reference compound (blue object, see picture). Reaction of the reference compound with a scavenger generates a characteristic UV/Vis signal that is independent of the molecular structure of the target.magnified image
9,10‐Dihydro‐9,10‐diboraanthracene: Supramolecular Structure and Use as a Building Block for Luminescent Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Lorbach Andreas , Bolte Michael , Li Haiyan , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Holthausen Max C. , Jäkle Frieder , Wagner Matthias 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBuilding bridges: The title compound forms an unprecedented polymeric structure with bridging B–H–B three‐center two‐electron bonds in the solid state. This organoborane serves as an efficient precursor for the preparation of boron‐doped π‐conjugated polymers by hydroboration polymerization with a functionalized 1,4‐diethynylbenzene (see picture). These polymers form thin films that show intense green luminescence.magnified image
A study of the Coriolis effect on the fluid flow profile in a centrifugal bioreactor
Authors: Detzel Christopher J. , Thorson Michael R. , Van Wie Bernard J. , Ivory Cornelius F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIncreasing demand for tissues, proteins, and antibodies derived from cell culture is necessitating the development and implementation of high cell density bioreactors. A system for studying high density culture is the centrifugal bioreactor (CCBR), which retains cells by increasing settling velocities through system rotation, thereby eliminating diffusional limitations associated with mechanical cell retention devices. This article focuses on the fluid mechanics of the CCBR system by considering Coriolis effects. Such considerations for centrifugal bioprocessing have heretofore been ignored; therefore, a simpler analysis of an empty chamber will be performed. Comparisons are made between numerical simulations and bromophenol blue dye injection experiments. For the non‐rotating bioreactor with an inlet velocity of 4.3 cm/s, both the numerical and experimental results show the formation of a teardrop shaped plume of dye following streamlines through the reactor. However, as the reactor is rotated, the simulation predicts the development of vortices and a flow profile dominated by Coriolis forces resulting in the majority of flow up the leading wall of the reactor as dye initially enters the chamber, results are confirmed by experimental observations. As the reactor continues to fill with dye, the simulation predicts dye movement up both walls while experimental observations show the reactor fills with dye from the exit to the inlet. Differences between the simulation and experimental observations can be explained by excessive diffusion required for simulation convergence, and a slight density difference between dyed and un‐dyed solutions. Implications of the results on practical bioreactor use are also discussed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Controllable microfluidic synthesis of multiphase drug‐carrying lipospheres for site‐targeted therapy
Authors: Hettiarachchi Kanaka , Zhang Shirley , Feingold Steven , Lee Abraham P. , Dayton Paul A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe report the production of micrometer‐sized gas‐filled lipospheres using digital (droplet‐based) microfluidics technology for chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Advantages of on‐chip synthesis include a monodisperse size distribution (polydispersity index (σ) values of <5%) with consistent stability and uniform drug loading. Photolithography techniques are applied to fabricate novel PDMS‐based microfluidic devices that feature a combined dual hydrodynamic flow‐focusing region and expanding nozzle geometry with a narrow orifice. Spherical vehicles are formed through flow‐focusing by the self‐assembly of phospholipids to a lipid layer around the gas core, followed by a shear‐induced break off at the orifice. The encapsulation of an extra oil layer between the outer lipid shell and inner bubble gaseous core allows the transport of highly hydrophobic and toxic drugs at high concentrations. Doxorubicin (Dox) entrapment is estimated at 15 mg mL−1 of particles packed in a single ordered layer. In addition, the attachment of targeting ligands to the lipid shell allows for direct vehicle binding to cancer cells. Preliminary acoustic studies of these monodisperse gas lipospheres reveal a highly uniform echo correlation of greater than 95%. The potential exists for localized drug concentration and release with ultrasound energy. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
A first‐in‐man study of the reitan catheter pump for circulatory support in patients undergoing high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Smith Elliot J. , Reitan Oyvind , Keeble Thomas , Dixon Kerry , Rothman Martin T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the safety of a novel percutaneous circulatory support device during high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: The Reitan catheter pump (RCP) consists of a catheter‐mounted pump‐head with a foldable propeller and surrounding cage. Positioned in the descending aorta the pump creates a pressure gradient, reducing afterload and enhancing organ perfusion. Methods: Ten consecutive patients requiring circulatory support underwent PCI; mean age 71 ± 9; LVEF 34% ± 11%; jeopardy score 8 ± 2.3. The RCP was inserted via the femoral artery. Hemostasis was achieved using Perclose™ sutures. PCI was performed via the radial artery. Outcomes included in‐hospital death, MI, stroke, and vascular injury. Hemoglobin (Hb), free plasma Hb (fHb), platelets, and creatinine (cre) were measured pre PCI and post RCP removal. Results: The pump was inserted and operated successfully in 9/10 cases (median 79 min). Propeller rotation at 10,444 ± 1,424 rpm maintained an aortic gradient of 9.8 ± 2 mm Hg. Although fHb increased, there was no significant hemolysis (4.7 ± 2.4 mg/dl pre vs. 11.9 ± 10.5 post, P = 0.04, reference 20 mg/dl). Platelets were unchanged (pre 257 ± 74 × 109 vs. 245 ± 63, P = NS). Renal function improved (cre pre 110 ± 27 μmol/l vs. 99 ± 28, P = 0.004). The RCP was not used in one patient following femoral introducer sheath related aortic dissection. All PCI procedures were successful with no deaths or strokes, one MI, and no vascular complications following pump removal. Conclusions: The RCP can be used safely in high‐risk PCI patients. This device may be an alternative to other percutaneous systems when substantial cardiac support is needed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The argument for aggressive coiling of aortopulmonary collaterals in single ventricle patients
Authors: Stern Herbert J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAortopulmonary collaterals are present in up to 80% of single ventricle anatomy patients undergoing pre‐Fontan catheterization. There is generally no consensus as to their impact in the mid‐long term course of these patients. We present arguments that aggressive coiling of these vessels is warranted to prevent deterioration of ventricular function long‐term. Non‐invasive modalities for measuring APC are needed. Multi‐institutional, prospective, randomized, double blind studies are also needed to confirm our hypotheses. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crossing CTOs—The tips, tricks, and specialist Kit that can mean the difference between success and failure
Authors: Godino Cosmo , Sharp Andrew S.P. , Carlino Mauro , Colombo Antonio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTO) remains one of the major challenges in interventional cardiology. The appropriate use of the rapidly increasing range of tools available to interventional cardiologists is bringing more and more CTOs into the ‘treatable’ category. The bar has now been raised to 80% success rates by some expert operators around the world, which, in our view, cannot be achieved without a thorough understanding of technique and technical know‐how. CTO procedures are increasingly becoming a sub‐specialist field within interventional cardiology and we would encourage centers to consider appointing ‘super‐specialists’ who are able to concentrate experience and expertise in this area. In this paper we detail the principal characteristics of the over the wire balloons, microcatheters and guidewires at present available, the most popular and recent of which are listed in Table 1 and 2. The knowledge and the specific choice of these materials and the criteria for selection of your guidewire or microcatheter can mean the difference between success and failure. Moreover, we discuss on the most important and groundbreaking techniques to approach a CTO. Finally, considering the greater risk of coronary perforation related to a CTO procedure compared to routine PCI, we describe which are best strategy and devices for treating coronary perforations and other major complications. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immobilization and chiral recognition of 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose bearing 4‐(trimethoxysilyl)phenylcarbamate groups
Authors: Tang Shouwan , Ikai Tomoyuki , Tsuji Masashi , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA small amount of 4‐(trimethoxysilyl)phenyl groups was randomly introduced onto the 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose by a one‐pot method. The obtained derivatives were then effectively immobilized onto silica gel as chiral packing materials (CPMs) for high‐performance liquid chromatography through intermolecular polycondensation of the trimethoxysilyl groups. The effects of the amount of 4‐(trimethoxysilyl)phenyl groups on immobilization and enantioseparation were investigated. Also, the solvent durability of the immobilized‐type CPMs was examined with the eluents containing chloroform and tetrahydrofuran. When these eluents were used, the chiral recognition abilities of the CPMs for most of the tested racemates were improved to some extent depending on the compounds. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the incidence–prevalence relation and length‐biased sampling
Authors: Addona Vittorio , Asgharian Masoud , Wolfson David B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFor many diseases, logistic constraints render large incidence studies difficult to carry out. This becomes a drawback, particularly when a new study is needed each time the incidence rate is investigated in a new population. By carrying out a prevalent cohort study with follow‐up it is possible to estimate the incidence rate if it is constant. The authors derive the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the overall incidence rate, λ, as well as age‐specific incidence rates, by exploiting the epidemiologic relationship, (prevalence odds) = (incidence rate) × (mean duration) (P/[1 − P] = λ × µ). The authors establish the asymptotic distributions of the MLEs and provide approximate confidence intervals for the parameters. Moreover, the MLE of λ is asymptotically most efficient and is the natural estimator obtained by substituting the marginal maximum likelihood estimators for P and µ into P/[1 − P] = λ × µ. Following‐up the subjects allows the authors to develop these widely applicable procedures. The authors apply their methods to data collected as part of the Canadian Study of Health and Ageing to estimate the incidence rate of dementia amongst elderly Canadians. The Canadian Journal of Statistics © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
A practical method for analysing heavy tailed data
Authors: Peng Liang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn important practical issue of applying heavy tailed distributions is how to choose the sample fraction or threshold, since only a fraction of upper order statistics can be employed in the inference. Recently, Guillou & Hall (2001; Journal of Royal Statistical Society B, 63, 293–305) proposed a simple way to choose the threshold in estimating a tail index. In this article, the author first gives an intuitive explanation of the approach in Guillou & Hall (2001; it Journal of Royal Statistical Society B, 63, 293–305) and then proposes an alternative method, which can be extended to other settings like extreme value index estimation and tail dependence function estimation. Further the author proposes to combine this method for selecting a threshold with a bias reduction estimator to improve the performance of the tail index estimation, interval estimation of a tail index, and high quantile estimation. Simulation studies on both point estimation and interval estimation for a tail index show that both selection procedures are comparable and bias reduction estimation with the threshold selected by either method is preferred. The Canadian Journal of Statistics © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
Cardiac Amyloidosis Treated with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and Subcutaneous Array Lead System: Report of a Case and Literature Review
Authors: Dhoble Abhijeet , Khasnis Atul , Olomu Adesuwa , Thakur Ranjan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundPreventing ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiac amyloidosis is challenging since the amyloid protein deposition in the myocardium may interfere with the normal cardiac electric excitation. Most of these patients succumb to either progressive congestive heart failure, or sudden cardiac death (SCD). Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) offers a near sure means of preventing SCD.HypothesisMyocardial infiltration with amyloid results in elevated defibrillation threshold (DFT). Intra‐operative strategies may fail to lower DFT during implantation.MethodsWe present a case of a 64‐year‐old female who had cardiac amyloidosis, and was successfully treated with an ICD and a subcutaneous array lead system.ConclusionA subcutaneous array lead system is useful in reducing the DFT, and can terminate ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by allowing more energy delivery and efficient defibrillation. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ascending Aortic Aneurysm by Cardiac CT Angiography
Authors: Pal Raveen , Gopal Ambarish , Budoff Matthew J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is an increasingly frequent and potentially life‐threatening medical diagnosis. TAA is defined as a localized dilatation of the aorta to more than 50% of baseline. Patients are most commonly asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Diagnosis is made incidentally on chest radiography or echocardiography. Diagnosis is then confirmed by echocardiography, left ventricular angiography, cardiac computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance. Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an excellent imaging modality for this purpose as it allows simultaneous analysis of the coronary artery tree, which is useful in determining the most suitable procedure for each patient. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Case of Primary Cardiac Lymphoma Mimicking Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Rajiv , Prasanna MD Krishna 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe present a case of primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) that masqueraded as acute myocardial infarction with typical symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, and raised troponin T levels. This case throws light on a rare cardiac tumor with varied presentation, underlining the need for a high index of suspicion. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plaque Characteristics of the Coronary Segment Proximal to the Culprit Lesion in Stable and Unstable Patients
Authors: Nakamura Tomohiro , Kubo Norifumi , Funayama Hiroshi , Sugawara Yoshitaka , Ako Junya , Momomura Shin‐ichi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying vulnerable plaque is important for preventing an acute coronary event. The present study examined the relationship between the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease and the plaque characteristics of nonculprit segment assessed by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH‐IVUS).MethodWe performed VH‐IVUS analysis on nonculprit segments with < 50% diameter stenosis in 91 patients (48 acute coronary syndrome [ACS] patients, 43 stable angina [SA] patients).ResultsACS patients showed significantly higher ratio of dense calcium (7.9% ± 1.0% versus 5.0% ± 0.9%, p = 0.03) and necrotic core plaque (13.7% ± 1.1% versus 8.6% ± 1.1%, p = 0.001) compared with SA patients. VH‐IVUS‐derived thin‐cap fibroatheroma (VH‐TCFA) was more frequently observed in ACS patients compared with SA patients (64.6% versus 35.7%, p = 0.006). Among ACS patients, plasma high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels were significantly higher in patients with VH‐TCFA than in patients without VH‐TCFA (7.9 ± 2.6 mg/l versus 1.6 ± 0.3 mg/l, p = 0.004).ConclusionACS patients presented higher prevalence of VH‐TCFA in nonculprit segment. Presence of VH‐TCFA was associated with an increased level of plasma hs‐CRP in ACS patients. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.