bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact on relapse of corticosteroid therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Imahashi Nobuhiko , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Seto Aika , Watanabe Keisuke , Nishiwaki Satoshi , Yanagisawa Mayumi , Shinba Makoto , Yasuda Takahiko , Kuwatsuka Yachiyo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Kodera Yoshihisa , Miyamura Koichi 
Published: November 2009

Imahashi N, Inamoto Y, Seto A, Watanabe K, Nishiwaki S, Yanagisawa M, Shinba M, Yasuda T, Kuwatsuka Y, Atsuta Y, Kodera Y, Miyamura K. Impact on relapse of corticosteroid therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 772–777. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Corticosteroids are often used following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to control complications such as graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). However, there is some concern that corticosteroids may suppress the graft‐versus‐leukemia effect and increase leukemia relapse. To evaluate the effect of corticosteroids on relapse, we analyzed 112 adult patients who received their first allogeneic HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia at our institution between 1997 and 2007. Fifty‐seven patients (50.9%) received corticosteroid therapy. Patients who had corticosteroid therapy included higher proportion of patients who developed GVHD. In multivariate analysis, with corticosteroid administration entered as a time‐dependent covariate, corticosteroid administration was not a risk factor for relapse (p = 1.00, hazard ratio [HR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–1.88), but it was associated with higher non‐relapse mortality (NRM) (p < 0.001, HR 55.5, 95% CI 7.42–416) and lower overall survival (p < 0.001, HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.56–4.61). The higher NRM associated with corticosteroid administration was mainly due to the increased deaths caused by the complications themselves, which required corticosteroid therapy. The findings of this study indicate the importance of controlling complications after allogeneic HSCT. The strategy of refraining from indispensable corticosteroid therapy because of the excessive concerns about relapse should be avoided.
Antibody‐mediated rejection of renal allograft in combined liver–kidney transplant
Authors: Barth Rolf N. , Campos Luis , Kukuruga Debra L. , Drachenberg Cinthia , Philosophe Benjamin 
Published: November 2009

Barth RN, Campos L, Kukuruga DL, Drachenberg C, Philosophe B. Antibody‐mediated rejection of renal allograft in combined liver–kidney transplant. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01161.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Liver transplantation is performed based on ABO blood type compatibility without dependence on crossmatch results. Combined liver–kidney transplantation (CLKT) is similarly performed without dependence of crossmatch results as the liver is thought to confer protection to the renal allograft against alloantibody. We report a case of CLKT in a sensitized patient with antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) of the renal allograft. AMR was confirmed with C4d staining and serial monitoring of donor‐specific antibody (DSA). Despite intensive therapy directed against AMR and the presence of the liver allograft, the patient demonstrated increasing titers of alloantibody, never demonstrated adequate renal function, and ultimately expired after two months. This result demonstrates the potential for AMR of the renal allograft in sensitized recipients of CLKT.
Tacrolimus combined with two different corticosteroid‐free regimens compared with a standard triple regimen in renal transplantation: one year observational results
Authors: Krämer Bernhard K. , Klinger Marian , Wlodarczyk Zbigniew , Ostrowski Marek , Midvedt Karsten , Stefoni Sergio , Citterio Franco , Pietruck Frank , Squifflet Jean‐Paul , Segoloni Giuseppe , Krüger Bernd , Sperschneider Heide , Banas Bernhard , Bäckman Lars , Weber Markus , Carmellini Mario , Perner Ferenc , Claesson Kerstin , Marcinkowski Wojciech , Vítko Štefan , Senatorski Grzegorz , Salmela Kaija , Nordström Johan 
Published: November 2009

Krämer BK, Klinger M, Wlodarczyk Z, Ostrowski M, Midvedt K, Stefoni S, Citterio F, Pietruck F, Squifflet J‐Paul, Segoloni G, Krüger B, Sperschneider H, Banas B, Bäckman L, Weber M, Carmellini M, Perner F, Claesson K, Marcinkowski W, Vítko Š, Senatorski G, Salmela K, Nordström J. Tacrolimus combined with two different corticosteroid‐free regimens compared with a standard triple regimen in renal transplantation: one year observational results. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E1–E9. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Side effects of steroid use have led to efforts to minimize their use in transplantation. Two corticosteroid‐free regimens were compared with a triple immunosuppressive therapy. Data from the original intent‐to‐treat (ITT) population (153 tacrolimus/basiliximab [Tac/Bas], 151 tacrolimus/MMF [Tac/MMF], and 147 tacrolimus/MMF/steroids [control]) were analyzed in a 12‐month follow‐up. Percentage of graft survival were 92.8%, 95.4%, and 95.9% (KM estimates 89.9%, 95.3%, 95.9%), percentage of surviving patients were 98.7%, 98.0%, and 100% (KM estimates 95.9%, 92.8%, and 100%). During months 7–12, graft loss occurred in 3 Tac/Bas, 2 Tac/MMF, and zero control patients, patient deaths in 1 Tac/Bas, 2 Tac/MMF, and zero control, and biopsy‐proven acute rejection episodes in 4 Tac/Bas, 3 Tac/MMF, and zero control. Mean serum creatinine at month 12 was 141.9 ± 69.6 μM, 144.0 ± 82.1 μM, and 134.5 ± 71.2 μM (ns). New‐onset insulin use in previously non‐diabetic patients at month 12 was 1/138, 6/127, and 4/126. Patient and graft survival as well as renal function at 12 months were not different between patient groups, despite considerably higher rates of acute rejection occurring within the first six months after transplantation in both steroid‐free patient groups. Tac/Bas therapy might offer benefits in terms of a trend for a more favorable cardiovascular risk profile.
Differential Physio‐Biochemical Responses to Cold Stress of Cold‐Tolerant and Non‐Tolerant Grapes (Vitis L.) from China
Authors: Ma Y. Y. , Zhang Y. L. , Shao H. , Lu J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThere are many grape species exhibiting differences in cold tolerance in China. ‘Zuoshan1’ (Vitis amurensis Rupr. cv. Zuoshan1), one kind of the most cold tolerant grapes, can endure −40 to −50 °C, whereas, ‘Maoputao’ (Vitis quinqanguoari Rehd. cv. Maoputao) is sensitive to the cold stress. To understand the physiological mechanism, we investigated responses of both species to a range of decreasing temperatures under the controlled condition. The cold‐tolerant ‘Zuoshan1’ showed higher accumulation of abscisic acid than non‐tolerant ‘Maoputao’, which was correlated with a more dramatic increase in solutes including sugars, proteins at early stage of our detection. At latter stages, these solutes showed more decline in ‘Zuoshan1’. Meanwhile, earlier leaf yellowing and necrosis of ‘Zuoshan1’ were detected with concomitant decrease in the chlorophyll (Chl) content along with remarkable increase in electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde, which indicated that the earlier leaf senescence occurred to ‘Zuoshan1’. Based on the leaf morphology and parameter investigation, it was concluded that cold‐tolerant grape ‘Zuoshan1’ made quicker responses to the low temperature (LT), indicating it sensed the cold‐signal more strongly than the non‐tolerant grape ‘Maoputao’. Therefore the ability to take more active response to cold stress contributes to the higher tolerance in ‘Zuoshan1’.
Antioxidative Effects of Astaxanthin against Nitric Oxide‐Induced Oxidative Stress on Cell Viability and Gene Expression in Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cell and the Developmental Competence of Bovine IVM/IVF Embryos
Authors: Jang HY , Ji SJ , Kim YH , Lee HY , Shin JS , Cheong HT , Kim JT , Park IC , Kong HS , Park CK , Yang BK 
Published: November 2009

ContentsThe aim of the present study was to elucidate the fundamental mechanism of bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) co‐culture on developmental capacity of bovinein vitrooocyte maturation/in vitrofertilization (IVM/IVF) embryos. We examined the effects of astaxanthin against nitric oxide‐induced oxidative stress on cell viability by MTT assay, lipid peroxidation (LPO) by using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction for malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression of antioxidant genes (CuZnSOD, MnSODandCatalase) or apoptosis genes (Bcl‐2, Caspase‐3andBax) by RT‐PCR in BOEC. We also evaluated the developmental rates of bovine IVM/IVF embryos co‐cultured with BOEC pre‐treated with astaxanthin (500 μm) in the presence or absence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1000 μm) for 24 h. Cell viability in BOEC treated with SNP (50–2000 μm) lowered, while astaxanthin addition (50–500 μm) increased it in a dose‐dependent manner. Cell viability in astaxanthin plus SNP (1000 μm) gradually recovered according to the increase in astaxanthin additions (100–500 mm). The LPO in astaxanthin group (50–500 μM) gradually decreased in a dose dependent manner and among SNP or astaxanthin plus SNP group, SNP alone and astaxanthin (50 μM) plus SNP shown a significant increase than other groups (p < 0.05). Expression of apoptosis or antioxidant genes was detected by RT‐PCR.Bcl‐2and antioxidant genes were detected in astaxanthin or astaxanthin plus SNP group, andCaspase‐3andBaxgenes were only found in SNP group. When bovine IVM/IVF embryos were cultured for 6–7 days under co‐culture system such as BOEC treated with astaxanthin in the presence or absence of SNP, the developmental ability to blastocysts in 500 μmastaxanthin group was the highest of all groups. These results suggest that astaxanthin has a antioxidative effect on cell viability and LPO of BOEC, and development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos due to the induction of antioxidant genes and suppression of apoptosis genes.
Significance of Non‐conventional Parameters in the Evaluation of Cooling‐induced Damage to Ram Spermatozoa Diluted in Three Different Media
Authors: Del Valle I , Mendoza N , Casao A , Cebrián‐Pérez JA , Pérez‐Pé R , Muiño‐Blanco T 
Published: November 2009

ContentsThe objectives of this study were two. First, to compare three base media with different sugar composition as an initial step to achieve a good chemically‐defined extender for ram sperm refrigeration. The second one, to determine which sperm quality parameters may be more useful for revealing differences between sperm samples. One medium contained 200 mm sucrose and 2.8 mm glucose (SM), another only disaccharides (D) such as sucrose, trehalose, maltose and lactose (75 mm each); and the third one (D+M) included a mix of monosaccharides (50 mm glucose, 20 mm fructose and 20 mm galactose,) and the same disaccharides as in D (50 mm each). Ram semen samples diluted in the mentioned media were refrigerated at 5°C for 1 h, and rewarmed upto 37°C in order to mimic the temperature in the female reproductive tract. Addition of monosaccharides to the extender did not produce a better preservation of motility or viability after cooling. The supplementation with other disaccharides apart from sucrose did not enhance the viability either. Thus, after cooling and rewarming, there were no significant differences in sperm viability (membrane integrity evaluated by CFDA/PI staining) or the percentage of progressive motile and rapid sperm (evaluated by CASA) between the three media. However, the percentage of viable non‐capacitated sperm evaluated by the chlortetracycline (CTC) assay was higher and sperm oxygen consumption was lower in SM than in D and in D+M. Although the apoptosis‐like markers [phosphatidylserine exposure assessed by Annexin V/CFDA staining and DNA‐damage evaluated by TUNEL assay] showed a continuous increment throughout the process with all diluents, the percentage of sperm with damaged DNA at the end of the process was significantly lower in SM than in the other two media (p < 0.01). On the basis of these results, we would make two recommendations: the use of an extender supplemented only with sucrose and glucose for ram sperm refrigeration; the inclusion of non‐conventional methods such as oxygen consumption measure, evaluation of capacitation state and apoptosis‐like markers for revealing differences between sperm samples.
Hepatic Ethoxy‐, Methoxy‐ and Pentoxyresorufin O‐Dealkylase Activities in Landrace and Duroc Pigs Stimulated with hCG
Authors: Zamaratskaia G , Zlabek V , Ropstad E , Tajet H , Andresen Ø 
Published: November 2009

ContentsThe effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation on the activities of ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase (EROD), methoxyresorufin O‐demethylase (MROD) and pentoxyresorufin O‐depentylase (PROD) was studied in intact male pigs of purebred Landrace and Duroc breeds. Pigs were divided into four groups: two control groups of each breed, without hCG stimulation (n = 20 for each breed), and two experimental groups (n = 18 for each breed), with hCG stimulation (Pregnyl®; N.V. Organon, Oss, The Netherlands, 30 IU/kg live weight). Pigs were slaughtered 3 days after hCG stimulation and enzyme activities were measured in hepatic microsomes using two approaches. First, only one substrate concentration was used for the analysis of each enzyme activity. We found that EROD activity was suppressed by hCG‐stimulation in Landrace (p = 0.004), but not Duroc pigs (p > 0.05). Generally, EROD activity was higher in Duroc pigs compared with Landrace (p = 0.017). Methoxyresorufin O‐demethylase and PROD activities did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). To further characterize EROD, MROD and PROD, enzyme kinetic studies were performed. Vmax values for EROD and MROD in both breeds were lower after hCG stimuation (p < 0.001 for Landrace and p < 0.05 for Duroc). Additionally, Vmax values for EROD significantly differed between Landrace and Duroc pigs being higher in Duroc pigs (p < 0.05). We concluded that both hCG stimulation and breed differences may be important in the regulation of EROD and MROD activities. This study provides the first data on the effect of hCG stimulation and thus high testicular steroids, on EROD, MROD and PROD activities. Further studies are needed to investigate individual CYP450 enzymes and their regulation in porcine tissues.
Local outbreaks of Operophtera brumata and Operophtera fagata cannot be explained by low vulnerability to pupal predation
Authors: Heisswolf Annette , Käär Miia , Klemola Tero , Ruohomäki Kai 
Published: November 2009

One of the unresolved questions in studies on population dynamics of forest Lepidoptera is why some populations at times reach outbreak densities, whereas others never do. Resolving this question is especially challenging if populations of the same species in different areas or of closely‐related species in the same area are considered.
The present study focused on three closely‐related geometrid moth species, autumnal Epirrita autumnata, winter Operophtera brumata and northern winter moths Operophtera fagata, in southern Finland. There, winter and northern winter moth populations can reach outbreak densities, whereas autumnal moth densities stay relatively low.
We tested the hypothesis that a lower vulnerability to pupal predation may explain the observed differences in population dynamics. The results obtained do not support this hypothesis because pupal predation probabilities were not significantly different between the two genera within or without the Operophtera outbreak area or in years with or without a current Operophtera outbreak.
Overall, pupal predation was even higher in winter and northern winter moths than in autumnal moths. Differences in larval predation and parasitism, as well as in the reproductive capacities of the species, might be other candidates.
Management and results of complications after anterior resection with colonic pouch reconstruction for rectal cancer
Authors: Kruschewski M. , Gröne J. , Vogel N. , Zimmermann M. , Buhr H. J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  Colonic J‐pouch reconstruction is widely carried out during low anterior resection. The aim of this observational study was to describe the complications and evaluate the results of adverse event management.Method  A total of 128 patients underwent an elective anterior resection with colorectal or coloanal J‐pouch reconstruction for primary rectal cancer between January 1997 and December 2008.Results  The overall mortality was 1.6%. Three (2.3%) patients developed pouch necrosis, one of whom died. The rate of anastomotic leakage was 11.7%. Other major complications included intra‐abdominal abscess (3.1%), haemorrhage (0.8%) and abdominal dihiscence (0.8%). In all cases of anastomotic leakage, the pouch was salvaged, with 80% of patients undergoing surgical revision with relaparotomy and transanal suture. Patients with pouch necrosis underwent relaparotomy with removal of the pouch and a terminal colostomy. In all cases of intra‐abdominal abscess without anastomotic leakage, radiologically controlled percutaneous drainage was carried out.Conclusion  Anal function can usually be saved after anastomotic leakage by salvage surgery without increase in mortality.
Histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands and salivary pumps in the scorpionflyPanorpa obtusa(Mecoptera: Panorpidae)
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Hua Baozhen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLiu, S. and Hua, B. 2009. Histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands and salivary pumps in the scorpionflyPanorpa obtusa(Mecoptera: Panorpidae). —Acta Zoologica(Stockholm)91: 457–465.The morphology, histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands and salivary pumps in the scorpionflyPanorpa obtusaCheng 1949were investigated using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The salivary glands display a distinct sexual dimorphism. The female has only two small sac‐like glands located in the prothorax, while the male possesses six long tubular glands extending into the sixth abdominal segment. The male salivary glands can be divided into five distinct regions. The apical long, thin secretory region possesses numerous secretory cells containing large secretory vesicles; the salivary reservoir expands in diameter, accumulating and temporarily storing the saliva in addition to secreting saliva; the constricted region contains prismatic cells with complex infolded plasma membrane; the sac has an internal brush border to absorb water and ions; the common salivary duct contains longitudinal muscles in the male, but not in the female. The salivary pump possesses independent strong dorsal muscles and abundant internal palm spines near its orifice. The anatomy and ultrastructure of the salivary glands and the salivary pump of scorpionflies as well as their possible functions are briefly discussed.
Cities of Extremes
Authors: Bayat Asef , Biekart Kees 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTModern cities have always been the locus of both inequality and opportunity. However, neoliberal policies pursued since the 1980s have intensified urban disparities. Cities are increasingly shaped more by the logic of the market than the needs of their inhabitants. This article, which introduces a collection of papers on the topic, examines the implications of the neoliberal turn for the ‘right to the city’ as the fundamental tenet of urban citizenship. While evidence suggests a formidable challenge from market forces to the ‘right to the city’, the authors argue that the neoliberal city remains a highly contested urbanity in which poor inhabitants continue to struggle for citizenship in highly diverse ways. The challenge for scholarship is to discover and document those intricate modes of claim‐making.
The Assault on Occupancy in Surabaya: Legible and Illegible Landscapes in a City of Passage
Authors: Peters Robbie 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis article takes as its starting point the burning down of traditional markets and clearance of squatter communities and street vendors that took place in the major Indonesian port city of Surabaya during 2007–08. It is argued that a legible landscape facilitating intervention, simulation and passage now marks a city where malls and hotels linked into new accelerated networks of unobstructed streets form the dominant presence. Using recent anthropological investigation from a poor neighbourhood and broader economic analysis of urban trends, the article demonstrates that while this landscape both displaces the poor and generates unprecedented revenues for the municipal government, it also contributes to a delegitimization of the city's municipal administration as it struggles to extend a legible gaze over the city's poor neighbourhoods.
Slum Wars of the 21st Century: Gangs, Mano Dura and the New Urban Geography of Conflict in Central America
Authors: Rodgers Dennis 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe political economy of violence in Central America is widely perceived as having undergone a critical shift during the past two decades, often pithily summarized as a movement from ‘political’ to ‘social’ violence. Although such an analysis is plausible, it also offers a depoliticized vision of the contemporary Central American panorama of violence. Basing itself principally on the example of Nicaragua, the country in the region that is historically perhaps most paradigmatically associated with violence, this article offers an alternative interpretation of the changes that the regional landscape of violence has undergone. It suggests that these are better understood as a movement from ‘peasant wars of the twentieth century’ (Wolf, 1969) to ‘urban wars of the twenty‐first century’ (Beall, 2006), thereby highlighting how present‐day urban violence can in many ways be seen as representing a structural continuation of past political conflicts, albeit in new spatial contexts. At the same time, however, there are certain key differences between past and present violence, as a result of which contemporary conflict has intensified. This is most visible in relation to the changing forms of urban spatial organization in Central American cities, the heavy‐handed mano dura response to gangs by governments, and the dystopian evolutionary trajectory of gangs. Taken together, these processes point to a critical shift in the balance of power between rich and poor in the region, as the new ‘urban wars of the twenty‐first century’ are increasingly giving way to more circumscribed ‘slum wars’ that effectively signal the defeat of the poor.
Using TTS voices to develop audio materials for listening comprehension: A digital approach
Authors: Sha Guoquan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper reports a series of experiments with text‐to‐speech (TTS) voices. These experiments have been conducted to develop audio materials for listening comprehension as an alternative technology to traditionally used audio equipment like the compact cassette. The new generation of TTS voices based on unit selection synthesis provides impressive naturalness and intelligibility. In the experiments, TTS‐generated audio files have been put to use in the classroom procedure and listening tests. So far, these endeavours have yielded positive results. The paper also evaluates the synthesised speech involved in the experiments and discusses problems that arise in the application.