bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humanin P3S, haplogroup N1b and the risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Logan Ian Stewart 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA commentary of the paper ‘Humanin variant P3S is associated with longevity in APOE4 carriers and resists APOE4‐induced brain pathology’ that appeared recently in Aging Cell. The possible association of a mitochondrial haplogroup with a disease is frequently discussed. The Humanin peptide encoded by the mtDNA has been shown to play an important regulatory role in cell metabolism. There are variants of Humanin caused by different mutations and it is known that the potent form of Humanin, termed S14G, is found naturally in the people of haplogroup U6a7a1a because they have the mutation m.A2672G; however it has not been shown that having this mutation is indeed beneficial. In their paper, the authors suggest that the mitochondrial DNA mutation, m.C2639T, may be beneficial in people who are in haplogroup N1b and also carry APOE4. The mutation changes the common form of Humanin to Humanin P3S. In the study, the researchers looked at a group of Ashkenazi women who were over the age of 95, and found that a higher proportion of them carried APOE4, suggesting that Humanin P3S protected them against the adverse effects of APOE4. A study in a mouse model supported this finding by showing treatment with Humanin P3S reduced APOE4‐induced brain pathology. In the world population, there are about 500,000 Ashkenazi in haplogroup N1b, predominantly in the subgroup N1b1b1; and there are about 9.5 million non‐Ashkenazi people with the mutation m.C2639T and are therefore also in haplogroup N1b and have Humanin P3S. However, the researchers have yet to show Humanin P3S is of benefit in non‐Ashkenazi people. This paper raises the possibility of a therapeutic use of Humanin P3S in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Bioethical challenges in postwar development aid: The Rwandan case study
Authors: Wiktor Łukasz , Damps Maria , Kansayisa Grace , Pietrzak Szymon , Osadnik Bartłomiej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article considers aspects of a development aid that provides medical support to strengthen pediatric orthopedics in Rwanda. We present part of the Afriquia foundation work, a nonprofit foundation from Poland involved in supporting the medical sector in Rwanda as a sign of global solidarity and the human right to health. The main foundation's activity is the treatment of orthopedic problems among Rwandan citizens. We present a case study of two children under the care of the Afiquia foundation. 11‐year‐old Seraphine treated due to the consequences of right tibia osteomyelitis and 11‐year‐old Lavi suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta. Both children were treated surgically in Poland due to Rwanda's lack of treatment possibilities. After the applied treatment, Seraphine walks correctly without crutches and can attend school and thrive among her peers. Lavi has not sustained any fragility fracture since the surgery in Poland. He is healthy and constantly ongoing his rehabilitation including gait training. The described cases initiated development aid in Rwanda, supplying hospitals with orthopedic implants and training medical staff. The growing number of humanitarian crises across the globe and the people affected requires increasing organizations involved in providing relief. The emphasis should be on global education, aiming to make the recipients reflect and prepare them to face humanitarian crises.
Ginsenoside Rh4 prevents endothelial dysfunction as a novel AMPK activator
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Lv Weiqiang , Liu Xuyun , Sun Zhenyu , Zeng Mengqi , Kang Jiahao , Zhang Qi , Liu Fuying , Ma Shaozhou , Su Jiacan , Cao Ke , Liu Jiankang 
Published: May 2024

Background and PurposeThe AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway is a desirable target for various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while the involvement of AMPK‐mediated specific downstream pathways and effective interventions in hyperlipidaemia‐induced endothelial dysfunction remain largely unknown. Herein, we aim to identify an effective AMPK activator and to explore its efficacy and mechanism against endothelial dysfunction.Experimental ApproachMolecular docking technique was adopted to screen for the potent AMPK activator among 11 most common rare ginsenosides. In vivo, poloxamer 407 (P407) was used to induce acute hyperlipidaemia in C57BL/6J mice. In vitro, palmitic acid (PA) was used to induce lipid toxicity in HAEC cells.Key ResultsWe discovered the strongest binding of ginsenoside Rh4 to AMPKα1 and confirmed the action of Rh4 on AMPK activation. Rh4 effectively attenuated hyperlipidaemia‐related endothelial injury and oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro and restored cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in HAEC cells. Mechanistically, Rh4 bound to AMPKα1 and simultaneously up‐regulated AKT/eNOS‐mediated NO release, promoted PGC‐1α‐mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibited P38 MAPK/NFκB‐mediated inflammatory responses in both P407‐treated mice and PA‐treated HAEC cells. The AMPK inhibitor Compound C treatment completely abrogated the regulation of Rh4 on the above pathways and weakened the lowering effect of Rh4 on endothelial impairment markers, suggesting that the beneficial effects of Rh4 are AMPK dependent.Conclusion and ImplicationsRh4 may serve as a novel AMPK activator to protect against hyperlipidaemia‐induced endothelial dysfunction, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of endothelial injury‐associated CVD.
Genetics in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration susceptibility and treatment response to anti‐VEGF intravitreal injection: A case series study
Authors: Chang Fang‐Yu , Huang Chu‐Hsuan , Yang Chang‐Hao , Chang Jung‐Tzu , Yang Chung‐May , Ho Tzzy‐Chang , Hsieh Yi‐Ting , Lai Tso‐Ting , Lin Chao‐Wen , Lin Chang‐Pin , Chen Yi‐Chieh , Lai Ying‐Ju , Chen Pei‐Lung , Hsu Jacob Shujui , Chen Ta‐Ching 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo identify genotypes associated with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) and investigate the associations between genotype variations and anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment response.MethodsThis observational, retrospective, case series study enrolled patients diagnosed with nAMD who received anti‐VEGF treatment in National Taiwan University Hospital with at least one‐year follow‐up between 2012 and 2020. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on enrolled patients and controls. Correlations between the genotypes identified from GWAS and the treatment response of functional/anatomical biomarkers, including visual acuity (VA), presence of intraretinal or subretinal fluid (SRF), serous or fibrovascular pigmented epithelium detachment (PED), and disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ), were analysed.ResultsIn total, 182 patients with nAMD and 1748 controls were enrolled. GWAS revealed 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as risk loci for nAMD, including seven loci in CFH and ARMS2/HTRA1 and nine novel loci, including rs117517872 and rs79835234(COPB2‐DT), rs7525578(RAP1A), rs2123738(LOC105376755), rs1374879(CNTN3), rs3812692(SAR1A), rs117501587(PRKCA), rs9965945(CNDP1), and rs189769231(MATK). Our study revealed rs800292(CFH), rs11200638(HTRA1), and rs2123738(LOC105376755) correlated with poor treatment response in VA (P = 0.005), SRF (P = 0.044), and fibrovascular PED (P = 0.007), respectively. Rs9965945(CNDP1) was correlated with poor response in disruption of EZ (P = 0.046) and serous PED (P = 0.049).ConclusionsAmong the 16 SNPs found in the GWAS, four loci—CFH, ARMS2/HTRA1, and two novel loci—were correlated with the susceptibility of nAMD and anatomical/functional responses after anti‐VEGF treatment.
Exposure of wetlands important for nonbreeding waterbirds to sea‐level rise in the Mediterranean
Authors: Verniest Fabien , Galewski Thomas , Boutron Olivier , Dami Laura , Defos du Rau Pierre , Guelmami Anis , Julliard Romain , Popoff Nadège , Suet Marie , Willm Loïc , Abdou Wed , Azafzaf Hichem , Bendjedda Nadjiba , Bino Taulant , Borg John J. , Božič Luka , Dakki Mohamed , Hamoumi Rhimou El , Encarnação Vitor , Erciyas‐Yavuz Kiraz , Etayeb Khaled , Georgiev Valeri , Hamada Ayman , Hatzofe Ohad , Ieronymidou Christina , Langendoen Tom , Mikuska Tibor , Molina Blas , Moniz Filipe , Moussy Caroline , Ouassou Asmaâ , Petkov Nicky , Portolou Danae , Qaneer Tareq , Sayoud Samir , Šćiban Marko , Topić Goran , Uzunova Danka , Vine Gal , Vizi Andrej , Xeka Erald , Zenatello Marco , Gaget Elie , Viol Isabelle Le 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSea‐level rise (SLR) is expected to cause major changes to coastal wetlands, which are among the world's most vulnerable ecosystems and are critical for nonbreeding waterbirds. Because strategies for adaptation to SLR, such as nature‐based solutions and designation of protected areas, can locally reduce the negative effects of coastal flooding under SLR on coastal wetlands, it is crucial to prioritize adaptation efforts, especially for wetlands of international importance for biodiversity. We assessed the exposure of coastal wetlands important for nonbreeding waterbirds to projected SLR along the Mediterranean coasts of 8 countries by modeling future coastal flooding under 7 scenarios of SLR by 2100 (from 44‐ to 161‐cm rise) with a static inundation approach. Exposure to coastal flooding under future SLR was assessed for 938 Mediterranean coastal sites (≤30 km from the coastline) where 145 species of nonbreeding birds were monitored as part of the International Waterbird Census and for which the monitoring area was delineated by a polygon (64.3% of the coastal sites monitored in the Mediterranean region). Thirty‐four percent of sites were threatened by future SLR, even under the most optimistic scenarios. Protected study sites and study sites of international importance for waterbirds were, respectively, 1.5 and 2 times more exposed to SLR than the other sites under the most optimistic scenario. Accordingly, we advocate for the development of a prioritization scheme to be applied to these wetlands for the implementation of strategies for adaptation to SLR to anticipate the effects of coastal flooding. Our study provides major guidance for conservation planning under global change in several countries of the Mediterranean region.
What is the rate of definitive stoma after subtotal colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease? A nationwide study of 1860 patients
Authors: Deyrat Julie , Challine Alexandre , Voron Thibault , O'Connell Lauren V. , Collard Maxime K. , Tzedakis Stylianos , Jaquet Romain , Lazzati Andrea , Parc Yann , Lefèvre Jeremie H. ,   the Saint‐Antoine IBD Network
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimSome patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) require subtotal colectomy (STC) with ileostomy. The recent literature reports a significant number of patients who do not undergo subsequent surgery and are resigned to living with a definitive stoma. The aim of this work was to analyse the rate of definitive stoma and the cumulative incidence of secondary reconstructive surgery after STC for IBD in a large national cohort study.MethodA national retrospective study (2013–2021) was conducted on prospectively collected data from the French Medical Information System Database (PMSI). All patients undergoing STC in France were included. The association between definitive stoma and potential risk factors was studied using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 1860 patients were included (age 45 ± 9 years; median follow‐up 30 months). Of these, 77% (n = 1442) presented with ulcerative colitis. Mortality and morbidity at 90 days after STC were 5% (n = 100) and 47% (n = 868), respectively. Reconstructive surgery was identified in 1255 patients (67%) at a mean interval of 7 months from STC. Seveny‐four per cent (n = 932) underwent a completion proctectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis and 26% (n = 323) an ileorectal anastomosis. Six hundred and five (33%) patients with a definitive stoma had an abdominoperineal resection (n = 114; 19%) or did not have any further surgical procedure (n = 491; 81%). Independent risk factors for definitive stoma identified in multivariate analysis were older age, Crohn's disease, colorectal neoplasia, postoperative complication after STC, laparotomy and a low‐volume hospital.ConclusionWe found that 33% of patients undergoing STC with ileostomy for IBD had definitive stoma. Modifiable risk factors for definitive stoma were laparotomy and a low‐volume hospital.
Regional differences of functional and taxonomic bird diversity in tropical agroforests of Peru
Authors: Ocampo‐Ariza Carolina , Hanf‐Dressler Tara , Maas Bea , Novoa‐Cova Jorge , Thomas Evert , Vansynghel Justine , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiversity and functionality of bird communities in tropical agroforests are shaped by their surrounding landscape, particularly the extent and type of natural forest. However, most evidence comes from tropical rainforest landscapes, whereas the bearing of such trends in other forest types remains understudied. We compared functional and beta diversity of bird communities in 23 cacao agroforests embedded in landscapes of two contrasting Peruvian regions: seasonally‐dry tropical forests and subtropical rainforests from the Andean foothills. Strong climatic seasonality affects both landscapes, but forest vegetation structure and complexity differ. We found higher bird species richness (n = 179 spp) and higher species turnover in the subtropical forest than in the dry forest landscape (n = 64 spp). Only in the dry forest landscape, distance from forest increased dissimilarity driven by species loss, that is, the nestedness component of beta diversity. This points to the importance of conserving dry tropical forests within the broader landscape matrix, with known benefits for pest control and cacao yield. Functional diversity indices were not influenced by forest distance in either landscape, but the proportion of insects in birds' diet decreased by 27% along a 1 km distance gradient from forest in the subtropical forest landscape. In the dry forest landscape, however, it decreased by only 3% across the same distance gradient. Far from forest (≥1 km), forest specialization decreased by ~33% and 20% in the subtropical and dry forest landscapes, respectively. These differences indicate that regionally‐adapted agroforest management is paramount for conserving bird diversity and ecosystem services as pest control. Procuring high‐canopy shade trees and adequate microhabitats for insectivorous species is essential to maintain biocontrol services in the subtropical forest. Conversely, in the dry forest enhancing low‐canopy vegetation with a focus on frugivores and ensuring forest closeness to agroforests may maximize bird diversity and their ecosystem services. A complete version of this article is translated to Spanish in the supplements.
Cross‐border E‐commerce and China's Exports during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Che Yi , Yuan Meng , Zhang Yan , Zhao Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChina's exports experienced a rapid recovery after the outbreak of the 2019 COVID‐19 pandemic. A primary engine was cross‐border e‐commerce (CBEC) trade, which bucked the downward export trend during the pandemic. By exploring the variation in the number of CBEC comprehensive pilot zones across provinces, we identified the causal impact of CBEC on exports using monthly province–product–destination data for 2019 and 2020. We found strong and robust evidence that CBEC contributed to exports during the pandemic by promoting the expansion of incumbent exports (intensive margin) rather than through the expansion of product categories and exporting partners (extensive margin). Specifically, higher pandemic risk suppressed the role of CBEC at the intensive margin while enhancing it at the extensive margin. Exports to developed countries benefited more from CBEC, both intensively and extensively. Compared with final products, a larger number of intermediate products were exported through CBEC after the outbreak of the pandemic.
Development of an International Standard Set of Outcomes and Measurement Methods for Routine Practice for Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Epilepsy: The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Consensus Recommendations
Authors: Mitchell James W. , Sossi Frieda , Miller Isabel , Jaber Paula Blancarte , Das‐Gupta Zofia , Fialho Luz Sousa , Amos Action , Austin Joan K. , Badzik Scott , Baker Gus , Ben Zeev Bruria , Bolton Jeffrey , Chaplin John E. , Cross J. Helen , Chan Derrick , Gericke Christian A. , Husain Aatif M. , Lally Lorraine , Mbugua Sharon , Megan Cassidy , Mesa Tomás , Nuñez Lilia , von Oertzen Tim J. , Perucca Emilio , Pullen Angie , Ronen Gabriel M. , Sajatovic Martha , Singh Mamta B. , Wilmshurst Jo M. , Wollscheid Leonie , Berg Anne T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAt present, there is no internationally accepted set of core outcomes or measurement methods for epilepsy clinical practice. The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international working group of experts in epilepsy, people with epilepsy, and their representatives to develop minimum sets of standardized outcomes and outcome measurement methods for clinical practice. Using modified Delphi consensus methods with consecutive rounds of online voting over 12 months, a core set of outcomes and corresponding measurement tool packages to capture the outcomes were identified for infants, children, and adolescents with epilepsy. Consensus methods identified 20 core outcomes. In addition to the outcomes identified for the ICHOM Epilepsy adult standard set, behavioral, motor, and cognitive/language development outcomes were voted as essential for all infants and children with epilepsy. The proposed set of outcomes and measurement methods will facilitate the implementation of the use of patient‐centered outcomes in daily practice.
Latent profiles of dyadic parent–child interaction and associations with triadic family interaction in early childhood
Authors: Lindstedt Johanna , Ahlqvist‐Björkroth Sari , Junttila Niina , Korja Riikka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis longitudinal study examined latent profiles of parent–child interaction and their associations with triadic family interaction.BackgroundA child's development is significantly influenced by early family relationships. Family systems theory emphasizes the interrelations between family subsystems, such as parent–child and parent–parent relationships, as well as the family as a whole. However, few studies have examined the relationship between each parent–child dyad and triadic family interaction.MethodFathers and mothers were separately videotaped interacting with their child (n = 120) at 4 and 18 months and assessed using the Parent–Child Early Relational Assessment. Triadic family interaction was evaluated at 18 months using the Family Alliance Assessment Scale within a Lausanne Trilogue Play setting.ResultsFour latent profiles of parent–child interaction were identified. Dyadic interaction that was characterized by reciprocity, positive affect, and low negativity was associated with higher family coordination. However, interaction characterized by a lack of reciprocity, negativity, and dyadic tension was related to less coordinated triadic family interaction.ConclusionsWell‐functioning parent–child interaction contributes to higher‐quality triadic family interaction. In contrast, challenges in early father–child interaction, including emotional distance, a lack of positive paternal involvement, and limited mutual engagement, are linked to lower‐quality triadic family interaction.ImplicationsThis study highlights the importance of supporting early parent–child relationships to promote well‐functioning and coordinated triadic family interaction, and the inclusion of fathers in interventions aiming to improve family dynamics.
Physicochemical and sensory characterisation of Salvator merianae meat as a sustainable alternative
Authors: Mazaratti Micaela R. , Valli Florencia E. , Pierini Sofía E. , Gonzalez Marcela A. , Piña Carlos I. , Cuffia Facundo , Simoncini Melina S. , Leiva Pamela M.L. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryConsidering the escalating consumer preference for health‐conscious commodities, reptile species' meat can be presented as an alternative animal protein source because of its notable nutritional characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters (pH, tenderness, cooking loss, colour and fatty acid profile) and sensory profile of black‐and‐white Tegu meat. The black‐and‐white Tegu meat was assessed through to consumer‐based sensory Analysis alongside the Yellow Anaconda, Broad‐snouted Caiman and broilers through. The samples of reptile species' meat were obtained from sustainable use programs. In terms of physicochemical parameters, the results indicate that black‐and‐white Tegu meat exhibits moderate brightness, displaying a pale pink/yellowish tone. Oleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in black‐and‐white Tegu meat, comprising approximately 22.5%, while the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was approximately 34%. Regarding overall liking, all four types of meats scored higher than indifference. However, black‐and‐white Tegu meat presented a lower acceptability (P < 0.001), likely attributed to its dry texture and unpleasant colour, as perceived by consumers. Our findings underscore the need to explore preparation methods for enhancing the sensory characteristics of black‐and‐white Tegu meat. This will enable its promotion as a healthy food choice in the future. The utilisation of black‐and‐white Tegu meat as a food source will benefit families participating in the sustainable use and conservation program, the ‘Proyecto Tupinambis’.
Viewpoint: could cultivated meat's real route to mainstream markets be as hybrid food ‐ why this makes sense?
Authors: Young Jette F. , Young Niall W. G. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryFrom beginnings as an esoteric research topic, cultivated meat (produced from cells originating from the meat producing animals) has developed with increasing pace from a research concept and is starting to break into restaurant markets in Singapore, USA, and Israel. However, there remains a significant journey in the global food ecosystem in order for it to reach mainstream retail. This viewpoint piece will probe how combining the best from plant‐based meat alternatives and cultivated meat disciplines may end up addressing consumers desires, delivering on sustainability, palatability, nutritional balance and economic viability.