bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) and DECAF: two simple tools to determine the prognosis of severe COPD exacerbation
Authors: Amado Carlos A. , Ghadban Cristina , Manrique Adriana , Osorio Joy Selene , Ruiz de Infante Milagros , Perea Rodrigo , Gónzalez-Ramos Laura , García-Martín Sergio , Huidobro Lucia , Zuazaga Javier , Druet Patricia , Argos Pedro , Poo Claudia , Muruzábal Ma Josefa , España Helena , Andretta Guido 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMonocyte distribution width (MDW) has been associated with inflammation and poor prognosis in various acute diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations (ECOPD) are associated with mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of the MDW as a predictor of ECOPD prognosis. This retrospective study included patient admissions for ECOPD. Demographic, clinical and biochemical information; intensive care unit (ICU) admissions; and mortality during admission were recorded. A total of 474 admissions were included. MDW was positively correlated with the DECAF score (r = 0.184, p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (mg/dL) (r = 0.571, p < 0.001), and positively associated with C-RP (OR 1.115 95% CI 1.076–1.155, p < 0.001), death (OR 9.831 95% CI 2.981– 32.417, p < 0.001) and ICU admission (OR 11.204 95% CI 3.173–39.562, p < 0.001). High MDW values were independent risk factors for mortality (HR 3.647, CI 95% 1.313–10.136, p = 0.013), ICU admission (HR 2.550, CI 95% 1.131–5.753, p = 0.024), or either mortality or ICU admission (HR 3.084, CI 95% 1.624–5.858, p = 0.001). In ROC analysis, a combined MDW–DECAF score had better diagnostic power (AUC 0.777 95% IC 0.708–0.845, p < 0.001) than DECAF (p = 0.023), MDW (p = 0.026) or C-RP (p = 0.002) alone. MDW is associated with ECOPD severity and predicts mortality and ICU admission with a diagnostic accuracy similar to that of DECAF and C-RP. The MDW– DECAF score has better diagnostic accuracy than MDW or DECAF alone in identifying mortality or ICU admission.
The meaning landscape of the concept of the total derivative in multivariable real analysis textbooks: an analysis based on a new model of meaning
Authors: Lankeit Elisa , Biehler Rolf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel conceptual framework tailored for modeling the meaning of mathematical concepts in university-level mathematics, addressing their rigorous nature and their relationships with related concepts as well as interpretations in various contexts. Within this framework, we present a model of meaning for the concepts of total differentiability and total derivative that provides a variety of possible interpretations and aspects. We then use the proposed model of meaning as a tool for analyzing three different textbooks for mathematics majors on the topic of multidimensional differentiability. ﻿Our paper is an example of a subject matter analysis of a topic in university mathematics carried out in a structured way. The model of meaning for total differentiability presented in this paper could inspire course design and analysis including the design of assignments and assessments for students. Moreover, it could serve as a valuable research tool for further analyses. For example, it could be used as a framework for analyzing courses taught or as a basis for developing a test instrument to assess students’ understanding. With our textbook analysis, we begin to examine the landscape of textbooks regarding differentiability concepts in the multidimensional case, shedding light on the diversity of meaning facets that are covered in the textbooks. These results could be useful for guiding instructors and learners in selecting and using textbooks for teaching and learning based on their respective needs.
Genombasierte Wege zur Identifikation bioaktiver bakterieller Naturstoffe
Authors: Phan Thao N. , Spies Julia , Breitebach Milena , Helfrich Eric J. N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBacteria produce natural products to interact with their environment. These structurally diverse small molecules exhibit various bioactivities and have been exploited for the treatment of many diseases. The discovery pace of truly novel natural products using traditional methods has markedly declined. As an alternative, sophisticated bioinformatic tools have been developed that leverage genome sequence information for the targeted discovery of bioactive compounds. To chart microbial biosynthetic dark matter and identify non-canonical natural product biosynthetic pathways that escape unrecognised by current bioinformatic tools, artificial intelligence has recently been introduced into the genome mining process, holding promise to expand natural product chemical and biosynthetic space.
A Bayesian Joint Model of Longitudinal Kidney Disease Progression, Recurrent Cardiovascular Events, and Terminal Event in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kürüm Esra , Kwan Brian , Qian Qi , Banerjee Sudipto , Rhee Connie M. , Nguyen Danh V. , Şentürk Damla 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNearly 15% (37 million) of adults in the United States (US) have chronic kidney disease (CKD). The longitudinal decline of kidney function is intricately related to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and eventual “terminal” event (kidney failure and mortality) in patients with CKD. Understanding the mechanism and risk factors underlying the three key outcome processes, (1) CKD progression, (2) CVD, and (3) subsequent terminal event in the CKD patient population remains incomplete. Thus, in this work, we develop a novel trivariate joint model to study the risk factors associated with the interdependent outcomes of kidney function (as measured by longitudinal estimated glomerular filtration rate), recurrent cardiovascular events, and the terminal event. Efficient estimation and inference is proposed within a Bayesian framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Bayesian P-splines for hazard functions. The proposed Bayesian framework is directly generalizable beyond trivariate outcome processes to accommodate other potential modeling of complex multi-disease processes. The method is applied to study the aforementioned trivariate processes using data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study, established by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to address the rising epidemic of CKD in the US.
Multi-risk factors joint prediction model for risk prediction of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Chen Shaobin , Zhao Xinyu , Wu Zhenquan , Cao Kangyang , Zhang Yulin , Tan Tao , Lam Chan-Tong , Xu Yanwu , Zhang Guoming , Sun Yue 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vascular proliferative disease common in low birth weight and premature infants and is one of the main causes of blindness in children.
In the context of predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM), early screening, identification and treatment of ROP will directly contribute to improve patients’ long-term visual prognosis and reduce the risk of blindness. Thus, our objective is to establish an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm combined with clinical demographics to create a risk model for ROP including treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (TR-ROP) infants.

Methods
A total of 22,569 infants who underwent routine ROP screening in Shenzhen Eye Hospital from March 2003 to September 2023 were collected, including 3335 infants with ROP and 1234 infants with TR-ROP among ROP infants. Two machine learning methods of logistic regression and decision tree and a deep learning method of multi-layer perceptron were trained by using the relevant combination of risk factors such as birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), gender, whether multiple births (MB) and mode of delivery (MD) to achieve the risk prediction of ROP and TR-ROP. We used five evaluation metrics to evaluate the performance of the risk prediction model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR) were the main measurement metrics.

Results
In the risk prediction for ROP, the BW + GA demonstrated the optimal performance (mean ± SD, AUCPR: 0.4849 ± 0.0175, AUC: 0.8124 ± 0.0033). In the risk prediction of TR-ROP, reasonable performance can be achieved by using GA + BW + Gender + MD + MB (AUCPR: 0.2713 ± 0.0214, AUC: 0.8328 ± 0.0088).

Conclusions
Combining risk factors with AI in screening programs for ROP could achieve risk prediction of ROP and TR-ROP, detect TR-ROP earlier and reduce the number of ROP examinations and unnecessary physiological stress in low-risk infants. Therefore, combining ROP-related biometric information with AI is a cost-effective strategy for predictive diagnostic, targeted prevention, and personalization of medical services in early screening and treatment of ROP.
The prevalence of human papillomavirus in ocular surface squamous neoplasia in HIV positive and negative patients in a South African population
Authors: Odendaal Loren N. , Andreae Corinna , Sanderson-November Micheline , Zaharie Dan , Smit Derrick P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the prevalence and subtypes of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive and negative patients in South Africa.

Basic procedures
This study was a single center retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted at Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape, South Africa. We assessed 63 histopathologically confirmed OSSN formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks from 2015–2023. The presence of HPV was determined using the Hybrispot Direct Flow Chip Kit. Corresponding clinical data was retrieved from the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) central data warehouse.

Main findings
Of the confirmed OSSN samples, 66.7% tested positive for HPV (95% confidence interval [CI] 54–77.3%). Of the 42 HPV positive samples, 38 (90.5%) had one or more known genotypes detected and 4 had unknown genotypes. The most prevalent subtypes were HPV 11, 16 and 18 (found in 61.9%, 52.4% and 33.3% of HPV positive samples respectively). 88.9% of the lesions biopsied were from HIV positive patients, of whom 56.4% had a CD4 + count of < 200 cells/µL. A lower median CD4 + count was detected among HIV positive patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma compared to those with moderate dysplasia (p < 0.0198).

Conclusions
There is a high prevalence of HPV in OSSN in South Africa. Certain subtypes namely, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 may be more carcinogenic. HIV with HPV co-infection may be linked as a causative factor in the development of OSSN.
Multisimplicial chains and configuration spaces
Authors: Medina-Mardones Anibal M. , Pizzi Andrea , Salvatore Paolo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe define an $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-coalgebra structure on the chains of multisimplicial sets. Our primary focus is on the surjection chain complexes of McClure-Smith, for which we construct a zig-zag of complexity preserving quasi-isomorphisms of $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-coalgebras relating them to both the singular chains on configuration spaces and the Barratt–Eccles chain complexes.
A computational model of the effects of borrower default on the stability of P2P lending platforms
Authors: Katsamakas Evangelos , Sanchez-Cartas J. Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeer-to-peer (P2P) lending has attracted scholarly attention because of its economic significance and potential to democratize access to finance. However, P2P lending platforms face many challenges and failures that we need to understand more clearly. We build a computational model to study how borrower default affects P2P platform lending. We show that borrower default disrupts the P2P network formation process and undermines platform stability. Moreover, we find that defaults increase the inequality in accessing funding and provide a rationale for using curation rules, widely used in P2P platforms, in contrast to P2P insurance, which fosters cascading defaults. We also address a new trend in P2P lending platforms in which large companies (institutional investors) play an increasingly important role. We find that the presence of large companies creates a denser network (more loans) but generates a trade-off between making the platform more resilient to cascading defaults and more dependent on specific players. Overall, we explain how borrower defaults affect platform stability and what makes a platform vulnerable, threatening its survival. We discuss research and managerial insights into platform stability and the economic effect of P2P lending platforms.
Analysing credit risk in persons with disabilities as an instrument of financial inclusion
Authors: Lara-Rubio Juan , Galvez-Sánchez Francisco J. , Molina-Moreno Valentín , Navarro-Galera Andrés 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn many countries, the full financial inclusion of persons with disabilities remains to be achieved. Although researchers and international organisations observed that financial inclusion would be facilitated by analysis of solvency, the causes of default risk among this population have yet to be established. Our study, applied to loans made by a Spanish bank to 785 persons with disabilities, identifies several factors relevant to the default risk of this population. The findings show that the purpose of the loan, the borrower’s degree of liquidity and financial leverage, economic context of GDP and risk premium all influence the probability of default of persons with disabilities. These risk factors have a similar impact to that observed in persons without disabilities. Our conclusions can be interesting in the negotiation of bank loans for persons with disabilities and also for bank managers, politicians, government managers, international organisations and other stakeholders concerned about financial inclusion. For developing countries our findings can have a high favourable impact on the financial inclusion of these people, due to their high number in these countries. Furthermore, our conclusions raise the usefulness of adopting political measures such as tax advantages or regulation of specific criteria to evaluate the default risk of these people.
Loneliness in Emerging Adulthood: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kirwan Emma M. , Burns Annette , O’Súilleabháin Páraic S. , Summerville Sarah , McGeehan Máire , McMahon Jennifer , Gowda Ashweeja , Creaven Ann-Marie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Loneliness is prevalent during emerging adulthood (approximately 18–25 years) and is an important issue given it has been linked to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This preregistered scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the literature on loneliness in emerging adulthood, including the (a) conceptualization and measurement of loneliness, (b) loneliness theories used, (c) risk factors and outcomes examined, (d) sex-gender differences observed, and (e) characteristics of emerging adult samples previously researched. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, seven electronic databases were searched for articles focused on loneliness published from 2016 to 2021, where the mean age of participants was ≥ 18 and ≤ 25 years. Of the 4068 papers screened, 201 articles were included in the final review. Findings suggest the need for a clearer consensus in the literature regarding the conceptualization of loneliness for emerging adults and more qualitative work exploring emerging adults’ subjective experiences of loneliness. Results highlight an over-reliance on cross-sectional studies. Over two thirds of articles described their sample as university students and the median percentage of females was 63.30%. Therefore, fewer cross-sectional studies using convenience samples and more population-based, longitudinal research is needed to understand the factors predicting loneliness over time, and the downstream impact of loneliness for emerging adults.
Physical and mechanical characteristics deterioration and crack evolution of sandy mudstone in an open-pit mine under multiple freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Yang Guoyu , Chen Yanlong , Xie Qihang , Wu Peng , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn open-pit mines located in cold regions north of the 38°N latitude, there are significant freeze–thaw phenomena in slope rocks. This study conducted freeze–thaw cycle tests, considering the number of freeze–thaw cycles and the freezing temperature, on sandy mudstone commonly found in the slopes of open-pit mines. The investigation focused on the effects of freeze–thaw cycles on the physical and mechanical properties and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of sandy mudstone. The results show that, with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles and a decrease in freezing temperature, the sandy mudstone specimens exhibit nonlinear exponential changes in mass loss rate, P-wave velocity loss rate, peak strain, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus, and the amplitude of these changes gradually decreases. The stress–strain curves of specimens shift gradually from apparently brittle to plastic. Simultaneously, the microstructure changes from dense to loose, the micro surface transitions from flat to rough, and cracks and pore defects gradually develop. The peak AE ringing counts, cumulative AE ringing counts, crack initiation stress, and crack damage stress of the specimens all decrease with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles and a decrease in freezing temperature. This suggests a shift from brittle failure to ductile failure. However, the ratio of crack initiation stress and crack damage stress to peak stress does not vary significantly with the number of freeze–thaw cycles and freezing temperature.
Improving Urban Mapping Accuracy: Investigating the Role of Data Acquisition Methods and SfM Processing Modes in UAS-Based Survey Through Explainable AI Metrics
Authors: Nagy Loránd Attila , Szabó Szilárd , Burai Péter , Bertalan László 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the accuracy of surface models and orthophoto mosaics generated from images acquired using different data acquisition methods at different processing levels in two urban study areas with different characteristics. Experimental investigations employed single- and double-grid flight directions with nadir and tilted (60°) camera angles, alongside the Perimeter 3D method. Three processing levels (low, medium, and high) were applied using SfM software, resulting in 42 models. Ground truth data from RTK GNSS points and aerial LiDAR surveys were used to assess horizontal and vertical accuracies. For the horizontal accuracy test, neither the oblique camera angle nor the double grid resulted in an improvement in accuracy. In contrast, when examining the vertical accuracy, it was concluded that for several processing levels, the tilted camera angle yielded better results, and in these cases, the double grid also improved accuracy. Feature importance analysis revealed that, among the four variables, the data acquisition method was the most important factor affecting accuracy in two out of three cases.
Comprehensive investigation of the electronic properties of zinc and cobalt doped hydroxyapatite
Authors: Tekin Yusuf Şamil , Ates Tankut 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive investigation into the electronic properties of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) doped with Zinc (Zn) and Cobalt (Co). Five distinct compositions, denoted as 0.15Zn-HAp, 0.15Co-0.15Zn-HAp, 0.30Co-0.15Zn-HAp, 0.45Co-0.15Zn-HAp, and 0.6Co-0.15Zn-HAp (at%,) have been systematically studied employing Density of States (DOS) and band structure calculations. The computed band gap values for these compositions were determined to be 4.6663, 4.6888, 4.7049, 4.7159, and 4.7082 eV, respectively. These results illuminate the profound influence of Zn and Co doping on the electronic structure of Hydroxyapatite. These findings hold significant implications for the potential applications of these materials in diverse technological and biomedical domains. The systematic approach and precise electronic property characterizations presented in this study provide a robust foundation for further advancements in the realm of advanced materials, with particular relevance to the development of innovative materials for use in cutting-edge technologies and medical applications.
Effect of water-based electrolyte on surface, mechanical and tribological properties of ZrO2 nanotube arrays produced on zirconium
Authors: Durdu Salih , Aktas Sitki , Sarcan Fahrettin , Akagunduz Eyup , Gultekin Berke , Erol Ayse , Usta Metin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, highly ordered ZrO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated on commercial pure Zr substrates through anodic oxidation in the water-based electrolyte at various voltages (30 V, 40 V and 50 V) for 1 h. The monoclinic- and tetragonal-ZrO2 phases were obtained on ZrO2 nanotubes through anodic oxidation. 13 vibration modes have been observed for the samples grown at low voltages (30 V and 40 V), which are assigned to monoclinic symmetry (7Ag + 6Bg), while—with the increasing growth voltage, the dominant phonon peak intensities associated with the monoclinic symmetry 6 times are decreased, and Eg (268 and 645 cm − 1) mode corresponding to tetragonal symmetry is observed. The nanotube array surfaces exhibited hydrophilic and super-hydrophilic behavior compared to the bare Zr surface. The elastic modulus values of ZrO2 nanotube surfaces (14.41 GPa) were highly similar to those of bone structure (10–30 GPa) compared to bare Zr substrate (120.5 GPa). Moreover, hardness values of ZrO2 nanotube surfaces were measured between ∼76.1 MPa and ∼ 283.0 MPa. The critical load values required to separate the nanotubes from the metal surface were measured between ∼1.6 N and ∼26.3 N. The wear resistance of the ZrO2 nanotube arrays was improved compared to that of plain Zr substrate.
Associations between information and communication technology use and frailty in community-dwelling old-old adults: results from the ILSA-J
Authors: Shiratsuchi Daijo , Makizako Hyuma , Akaida Shoma , Tateishi Mana , Hirano Hirohiko , Iijima Katsuya , Yamada Minoru , Kojima Narumi , Obuchi Shuichi , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Murayama Hiroshi , Nishita Yukiko , Jeong Seungwon , Otsuka Rei , Abe Takumi , Suzuki Takao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Frailty is a significant cause of adverse health events including long-term care and hospitalization. Although information and communication technology (ICT) has become an integral part of modern life, it remains unclear whether ICT use is associated with frailty.

Design
A cross-sectional study (Integrated Longitudinal Studies on Aging in Japan, ILSA-J).

Setting and participants
Aged 75 and older data from the ILSA-J in 2017 (n = 2893).

Methods
ICT use was measured using the technology usage sub-items of the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence. Specifically, the use of mobile phones, ATMs, DVD players, and sending e-mails were rated as “yes” (able to do) or “no” (unable to do), with the first quintile (≤1 point) defined as ICT non-users. Frailty was assessed using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria based on the phenotype model (e.g., weight loss, slowness, weakness, exhaustion, and low activity). Further, multivariate logistic regression analysis analyzed its association with ICT use. Subgroup analyses were stratified according to gender, years of education, and living arrangements.

Results
Higher ICT use was not associated with frailty after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53; 95%CI 0.39–0.73). Similar associations were found in the sub-groups of women (OR 0.45, 95%CI 0.30–0.66), <13 years of education (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.34–0.67), living alone (OR 0.46, 95%CI 0.27–0.79), and living together (OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.38–0.85). No association existed between using ICT and frailty in the sub-groups of men and ≥13 years of education.

Conclusions and implications
Higher ICT use is associated with the absence of frailty in individuals 75 years and older. Such benefits may be particularly pronounced in women, those with lower levels of education, and older adults living alone or with others.