bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When the former ceo stays on as board chair: effects on successor discretion, strategic change, and performance
Authors: Quigley Timothy J. , Hambrick Donald C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrior research on CEO succession has omitted consideration of a critical institutional reality: some exiting CEOs do not fully depart the scene but instead remain as board chairs. We posit that predecessor retention restricts a successor's discretion, thus dampening his or her ability to make strategic changes or deliver performance that deviates from pre‐succession levels. In short, a predecessor's continuing presence suppresses a new CEO's influence. Based on analysis of 181 successions in high technology firms, and with extensive controls (for circumstances associated with succession, the firm's need and capacity for change, and for endogeneity), we find substantial support for our hypotheses. In supplementary analyses, we find that retention has a more pronounced effect in preventing a new CEO from making big performance gains than in preventing big drops. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey on communication and data management issues in mobile sensor networks
Authors: Zhu Chunsheng , Shu Lei , Hara Takahiro , Wang Lei , Nishio Shojiro , Yang Laurence T. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWireless sensor networks (WSNs) which is proposed in the late 1990s have received unprecedented attention, because of their exciting potential applications in military, industrial, and civilian areas (e.g., environmental and habitat monitoring). Although WSNs have become more and more prospective in human life with the development of hardware and communication technologies, there are some natural limitations of WSNs (e.g., network connectivity, network lifetime) due to the static network style in WSNs. Moreover, more and more application scenarios require the sensors in WSNs to be mobile rather than static so as to make traditional applications in WSNs become smarter and enable some new applications. All this induce the mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) which can greatly promote the development and application of WSNs. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is not a comprehensive survey about the communication and data management issues in MWSNs. In this paper,focusing on researching the communication issues and data management issues in MWSNs, we discuss different research methods regarding communication and data management in MWSNs and propose some further open research areas in MWSNs.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tomosynthesis in pulmonary cystic fibrosis with comparison to radiography and computed tomography: a pictorial review
Authors: Vult von Steyern Kristina , Björkman-Burtscher Isabella , Geijer Mats 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this pictorial review is to illustrate chest imaging findings of cystic fibrosis (CF) using tomosynthesis (digital tomography), in comparison to radiography and computed tomography (CT). CF is a chronic systemic disease where imaging has long been used for monitoring chest status. CT exposes the patient to a substantially higher radiation dose than radiography, rendering it unsuitable for the often needed repeated examinations of these patients. Tomosynthesis has recently appeared as an interesting low dose alternative to CT, with an effective dose of approximately 0.08 mSv for children and 0.12 mSv for adults. Tomosynthesis is performed on the same X-ray system as radiography, adding only about 1 min to the normal examination time. Typical pulmonary changes in CF such as mucus plugging, bronchial wall thickening, and bronchiectases are shown in significantly better detail with tomosynthesis than with traditional radiography. In addition, the cost for a tomosynthesis examination is low compared to CT. To reduce the radiation burden of patients with CF it is important to consider low dose alternatives to CT, especially in the paediatric population. Tomosynthesis has a lower radiation dose than CT and gives a superior visualisation of pulmonary CF changes compared to radiography. It is important to further determine the role of tomosynthesis for monitoring disease progression in CF.
NICMOS spectroscopy of HD 189733b
Authors: Swain Mark R. , Deroo Pieter , Vasisht Gautam 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSpectral features corresponding to methane and water opacity were reported based on transmission spectroscopy of HD 189733b with Hubble/NICMOS. Recently, these data, and a similar data set for XO-1b, have been reexamined in Gibson et al. (2010), who claim they cannot reliably reproduce prior results. We examine the methods used by the Gibson team and identify two specific issues that could act to increase the formal uncertainties and to create instability in the minimization process. This would also be consistent with the GPA10 finding that they could not identify a way to select among the several instrument models they constructed. In the case of XO-1b, the Gibson team significantly changed the way in which the instrument model is defined (both with respect to the three approaches they used for HD 189733b, and the approach used by previous authors); this change, which omits the effect of the spectrum position on the detector, makes direct intercomparison of results difficult. In the experience of our group, the position of the spectrum on the detector is an important element of the instrument model because of the significant residual structure in the NICMOS spectral flat field. The approach of changing instrument models significantly complicates understanding the data reduction process and interpreting the results. Our team favors establishing a consistent method of handling NICMOS instrument systematic errors and applying it uniformly to data sets.
How planet–planet scattering can create high-inclination as well as long-period orbits
Authors: Chatterjee Sourav , Ford Eric B. , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecent observations have revealed two new classes of planetary orbits. Rossiter-Mclaughlin (RM) measurements have revealed hot Jupiters in high-obliquity orbits. In addition, direct-imaging has discovered giant planets at large (~ 100 AU) separations via direct-imaging technique. Simple-minded disk-migration scenarios are inconsistent with the high-inclination (and even retrograde) orbits as seen in recent RM measurements. Furthermore, forming giant planets at large semi-major axis (a) may be challenging in the core-accretion paradigm. We perform many N-body simulations to explore the two above-mentioned orbital architectures. Planet–planet scattering in a multi-planet system can naturally excite orbital inclinations. Planets can also get scattered to large distances. Large-a planetary orbits created from planet–planet scattering are expected to have high eccentricities (e). Theoretical models predict that the observed long-period planets, such as Fomalhaut-b have moderate e ≈ 0.3. Interestingly, these are also in systems with disks. We find that if a massive-enough outer disk is present, a scattered planet may be circularized at large a via dynamical friction from the disk and repeated scattering of the disk particles.
A European Roadmap for exoplanets
Authors: Hatzes Artie P. ,   The Exoplanet Roadmap Advisory Team (EPR-AT)
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Exoplanet Roadmap Advisory Team (EPR-AT) was formed by the European Space Agency (ESA) to advise it on the best path for characterizing exoplanets including terrestrial planets. The EPR-AT delivered its report to ESA in August 2010. Here we summarize the findings of this task force.
The PLATO mission
Authors: Rauer Heike , Catala Claude ,   the PLATO consortium
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) mission is in its definition study phase in the context of ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. PLATO is applying for a launch in 2017/18. Its goal is to detect transiting exoplanets, including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone, and to determine their basic parameters with unprecedented accuracy. In combination with the detailed analysis of the stellar parameters by astroseismology and with ground-based follow-up observations, this will allow characterizing the main properties of exoplanetary systems to a level not achieved before.
Disentangling stellar activity and planetary signals
Authors: Boisse Isabelle , Bouchy François , Hébrard Guillaume , Bonfils Xavier , Santos Nuno , Vauclair Sylvie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHigh-precision radial-velocimetry (RV) is until now the more efficient way to discover planetary systems. Moreover, photometric transit search missions like CoRoT and Kepler, need spectroscopic RV measurements to establish the planetary nature of a transit candidate and to measure the true mass. An active star has on its photosphere dark spots and bright plages rotating with the star. These inhomogeneities of the stellar surface can induce a variation of the measurement of the RV, due to changes in lines shapes and not to a Doppler motion of the star (e.g. Queloz et al. 2001; Desort et al. 2007; Boisse et al. 2009). We study how the Keplerian fit used to search for planets in RV data is confused by spots and we test an approach to subtract RV jitter based on harmonic decomposition of the star rotation. We use simulations of spectroscopic measurements of rotating spotted stars and validate our approach on active stars monitored by high-precision spectrograph HARPS: CoRoT-7 and ι Hor.
Global aspects of the formation of γ Cephei b
Authors: Eggl Siegfried , Gyergyovits Markus , Pilat-Lohinger Elke 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDiscoveries of extrasolar planets in tight binaries are of great scientific value since these systems can be used to gain new insights in planetary development processes. Gamma Cephei, one of the most thoroughly investigated double star systems is hosting a Jovian planet at a distance of about 2 AU from its primary, a 1.4 solar-mass K1 III-IV star (Neuhäuser et al. 2007; Torres 2007). We comprise aspects of dynamical stability, disc heating processes and different giant planet (GP) formation scenarios in order to gain a better understanding of the open questions that remain in explaining the formation of gamma Cephei b.
Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru: SEEDS
Authors: Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Tamura Motohide , Kandori Ryo , Kudo Tomoyuki , Hashimoto Jun ,   SEEDS/HiCIAO/AO188 team
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the SEEDS project (PI: M. Tamura) is to conduct a direct imaging survey, searching for giant planets as well as protoplanetary/debris disks at a few to a few tens of AU regions around 500 nearby solar-type or more massive young stars with the combination of the Subaru 8.2m telescope, the new high-contrast instrument HiCIAO, and the adaptive optics system AO188. After instrument performance verification, the SEEDS survey successfully started in October 2009. We have already detected many companion candidates to be followed-up, and clear and much better detections of disks or details of known disks structures. In this contribution, we will outline our goal, current status, early results, and future instrumentation plans.
Earth like planets albedo variations versus continental landmass distribution
Authors: Sanromá Esther , Pallé Enric 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBy making use of real information about the continental and oceanic surface distribution of the Earth, and cloudiness data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), we have studied the large-scale cloudiness behavior according to latitude and surface types (ice, water, vegetation and desert). These empirical relationships are used here to reconstruct the possible cloud distribution of historical epochs of the Earth history such as Late Cretaceous (90 My ago) and Late Triasic (230 My ago) when the landmass distribution was different. This information can be used to simulate the photometric variability of these planets according to their different geographical distribution.
Resolving blended radial velocities
Authors: Santerne Alexandre , Moutou Claire , Bouchy François ,   the CoRoT Exoplanet Science Team
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn space, photometric surveys are very efficient to detect small transiting planets or stars which are contaminated by blended eclipsing binaries. We present some simulations compared to radial velocity (RV) observations obtained with the SOPHIE spectrograph (OHP, France) in order to determine the true nature of a brown dwarf candidate revealed by CoRoT: a background eclipsing binary diluted by a foreground star.
Mineral parageneses, regional architecture, and tectonic evolution of Franciscan metagraywackes, Cape Mendocino‐Garberville‐Covelo 30′ × 60′ quadrangles, northwest California
Authors: Ernst W. G. , McLaughlin Robert J. 
Published: November 2011

The Franciscan Complex is a classic subduction‐zone assemblage. In northwest California, it comprises a stack of west vergent thrust sheets: westernmost Eastern Belt outliers; Central Belt mélange; Coastal Belt Yager terrane; Coastal Belt Coastal terrane; Coastal Belt King Range/False Cape terranes. We collected samples and determined P‐T conditions of recrystallization for 88 medium‐fine‐grained metasandstones to assess their subduction‐exhumation histories and assembly of the host allochthons. Feebly recrystallized Yager, Coastal, and King Range strata retain clear detrital features. Scattered neoblastic prehnite occurs in several Coastal terrane metasandstones; traces of possible pumpellyite are present in three Yager metaclastic rocks. Pumpellyite ± lawsonite ± aragonite‐bearing Central Belt metasandstones are moderately deformed and reconstituted. Intensely contorted, thoroughly recrystallized Eastern Belt affinity quartzose metagraywackes contain lawsonite + jadeitic pyroxene ± aragonite ± glaucophane. We microprobed neoblastic phases in 23 rocks, documenting mineral parageneses that constrain the tectonic accretion and metamorphic P‐T evolution of these sheets. Quasi‐stable mineral assemblages typify Eastern Belt metasandstones, but mm‐sized domains in the Central and Coastal belt rocks failed to achieve chemical equilibrium. Eastern Belt slabs rose from subduction depths approaching 25–30 km, whereas structurally lower Central Belt mélanges returned from ∼15–18 km. Coastal Belt assemblages suggest burial depths less than 5–8 km. Eastern and Central belt allochthons sequentially decoupled from the downgoing oceanic lithosphere and ascended into the accretionary margin; K‐feldspar‐rich Coastal Belt rocks were stranded along the continental edge without undergoing appreciable subduction, probably during Paleogene unroofing of the older, deeply subducted units of the Franciscan Complex in east‐vergent crustal wedges.
Crystal structure of the GlnZ-DraG complex reveals a different form of PII-target interaction
Authors: Rajendran Chitra , Gerhardt Edileusa C. M. , Bjelic Sasa , Gasperina Antonietta , Scarduelli Marcelo , Pedrosa Fábio O. , Chubatsu Leda S. , Merrick Mike , Souza Emanuel M. , Winkler Fritz K. , Huergo Luciano F. , Li Xiao-Dan 
Published: November 2011

Nitrogen metabolism in bacteria and archaea is regulated by a ubiquitous class of proteins belonging to the PIIfamily. PIIproteins act as sensors of cellular nitrogen, carbon, and energy levels, and they control the activities of a wide range of target proteins by protein-protein interaction. The sensing mechanism relies on conformational changes induced by the binding of small molecules to PIIand also by PIIposttranslational modifications. In the diazotrophic bacteriumAzospirillum brasilense, high levels of extracellular ammonium inactivate the nitrogenase regulatory enzyme DraG by relocalizing it from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. Membrane localization of DraG occurs through the formation of a ternary complex in which the PIIprotein GlnZ interacts simultaneously with DraG and the ammonia channel AmtB. Here we describe the crystal structure of the GlnZ-DraG complex at 2.1 Å resolution, and confirm the physiological relevance of the structural data by site-directed mutagenesis. In contrast to other known PIIcomplexes, the majority of contacts with the target protein do not involve the T-loop region of PII. Hence this structure identifies a different mode of PIIinteraction with a target protein and demonstrates the potential for PIIproteins to interact simultaneously with two different targets. A structural model of the AmtB-GlnZ-DraG ternary complex is presented. The results explain how the intracellular levels of ATP, ADP, and 2-oxoglutarate regulate the interaction between these three proteins and how DraG discriminates GlnZ from its close paralogue GlnB.
Three-dimensional imaging and photostimulation by remote-focusing and holographic light patterning
Authors: Anselmi Francesca , Ventalon Cathie , Bègue Aurélien , Ogden David , Emiliani Valentina 
Published: November 2011

Access to three-dimensional structures in the brain is fundamental to probe signal processing at multiple levels, from integration of synaptic inputs to network activity mapping. Here, we present an optical method for independent three-dimensional photoactivation and imaging by combination of digital holography with remote-focusing. We experimentally demonstrate compensation of spherical aberration for out-of-focus imaging in a range of at least 300 μm, as well as scanless imaging along oblique planes. We apply this method to perform functional imaging along tilted dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in brain slices, after photostimulation by multiple spots glutamate uncaging. By bringing extended portions of tilted dendrites simultaneously in-focus, we monitor the spatial extent of dendritic calcium signals, showing a shift from a widespread to a spatially confined response upon blockage of voltage-gated Na
+
channels.
NARWHAL, a primary analysis pipeline for NGS data
Authors: Brouwer R. W. W. , van den Hout M. C. G. N. , Grosveld F. G. , van IJcken W. F. J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Summary: The NARWHAL software pipeline has been developed to automate the primary analysis of Illumina sequencing data. This pipeline combines a new and flexible de-multiplexing tool with open-source aligners and automated quality assessment. The entire pipeline can be run using only one simple sample-sheet for diverse sequencing applications. NARWHAL creates a sample-oriented data structure and outperforms existing tools in speed.
Availability: https://trac.nbic.nl/narwhal/
Contact: w.vanijcken@erasmusmc.nl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Redox States of Plastids and Mitochondria Differentially Regulate Intercellular Transport via Plasmodesmata
Authors: Stonebloom Solomon , Brunkard Jacob O. , Cheung Alexander C. , Jiang Keni , Feldman Lewis , Zambryski Patricia 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that intercellular transport via plasmodesmata (PD) is regulated by cellular redox state. Until now, this relationship has been unclear, as increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with both increased and decreased intercellular transport via PD. Here, we show that silencing two genes that both increase transport via PD, INCREASED SIZE EXCLUSION LIMIT1 (ISE1) and ISE2, alters organelle redox state. Using redox-sensitive green fluorescent proteins targeted to the mitochondria or plastids, we show that, relative to wild-type leaves, plastids are more reduced in both ISE1- and ISE2-silenced leaves, whereas mitochondria are more oxidized in ISE1-silenced leaves. We further show that PD transport is positively regulated by ROS production in mitochondria following treatment with salicylhydroxamic acid but negatively regulated by an oxidative shift in both chloroplasts and mitochondria following treatment with paraquat. Thus, oxidative shifts in the mitochondrial redox state positively regulate intercellular transport in leaves, but oxidative shifts in the plastid redox state counteract this effect and negatively regulate intercellular transport. This proposed model reconciles previous contradictory evidence relating ROS production to PD transport and supports accumulating evidence that mitochondria and plastids are crucial regulators of PD function.
Rainfall pattern and nutrient content influences on African elephants’ debarking behaviour in Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserves, Kenya
Authors: Ihwagi Festus Wanderi , Chira Robert Mutugi , Kironchi Geoffrey , Vollrath Fritz , Douglas‐Hamilton Iain 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe magnitude of debarking by elephants was investigated in Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserves. About 1617 plants were monitored for debarking intensities for 6 months spanning through dry and wet seasons. Debarking indices ranged from no debarking at all during the wet months to complete stem girding at the height of the dry season. A negative correlation was found between rainfall and debarking indices. It was hypothesized that nutrient content of the bark influenced the magnitude to which trees were debarked. Bark samples were collected from least, moderate and intensely debarked plants throughout the 6 months. These were analysed for calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Significant positive correlations were found between debarking intensity and each of the nutrients N [crude protein (CP)], P, K and Zn. Bark was found to be richest in CP and Calcium. Neutral detergent fibre content was on average 67%. Monthly variations in nutrient composition were minimal. Acacia elatior, the most preferred species had significantly higher quantities of each of the four elements N, P, K and Zn than Acacia tortilis, the second most preferred woody species.
Difficult mask ventilation: does it matter?
Authors: Ramachandran S. K. , Kheterpal S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryWe discuss the relevance of finding a patient’s lungs difficult to ventilate by facemask during the course of anaesthetic induction. In particular, we discuss the issue of whether it is advisable or unnecessary to check the ability to ventilate by facemask before administering a neuromuscular blocking agent. In the light of advances in supraglottic airway technology it has become possible to insert these devices very soon after induction and in a wider variety of patients. Similarly, the development of videolaryngoscopes and rapidly acting drugs such as rocuronium have raised the possibility of earlier, and possibly more successful, tracheal intubation, with the potential result that mask ventilation becomes redundant. However, we conclude by reaffirming its value in airway management strategies.