bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Amyloid A Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Promotes Th17 Allergic Asthma in Mice
Authors: Ather Jennifer L. , Ckless Karina , Martin Rebecca , Foley Kathryn L. , Suratt Benjamin T. , Boyson Jonathan E. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Flavell Richard A. , Eisenbarth Stephanie C. , Poynter Matthew E. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
IL-1β is a cytokine critical to several inflammatory diseases in which pathogenic Th17 responses are implicated. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by microbial and environmental stimuli can enable the caspase-1–dependent processing and secretion of IL-1β. The acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) is highly induced during inflammatory responses, wherein it participates in systemic modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Elevated levels of IL-1β, SAA, and IL-17 are present in subjects with severe allergic asthma, yet the mechanistic relationship among these mediators has yet to be identified. In this study, we demonstrate that Saa3 is expressed in the lungs of mice exposed to several mixed Th2/Th17-polarizing allergic sensitization regimens. SAA instillation into the lungs elicits robust TLR2-, MyD88-, and IL-1–dependent pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. Furthermore, SAA drives production of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and PGE2, causes dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and requires TLR2, MyD88, and the NLRP3 inflammasome for secretion of IL-1β by DCs and macrophages. CD4+ T cells polyclonally stimulated in the presence of conditioned media from SAA-exposed DCs produced IL-17, and the capacity of polyclonally stimulated splenocytes to secrete IL-17 is dependent upon IL-1, TLR2, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, in a model of allergic airway inflammation, administration of SAA to the lungs functions as an adjuvant to sensitize mice to inhaled OVA, resulting in leukocyte influx after Ag challenge and a predominance of IL-17 production from restimulated splenocytes that is dependent upon IL-1R signaling.
Cutting Edge: An NK Cell-Independent Role for Slamf4 in Controlling Humoral Autoimmunity
Authors: Brown Daniel R. , Calpe Silvia , Keszei Marton , Wang Ninghai , McArdel Shannon , Terhorst Cox , Sharpe Arlene H. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Several genes within a syntenic region of human and mouse chromosome 1 are associated with predisposition to systemic lupus erythematosus. Analyses of lupus-prone congenic mice have pointed to an important role for the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family (slamf)6 surface receptor in lupus pathogenesis. In this article, we demonstrate that a second member of the Slamf gene family, Slamf4 (Cd244), contributes to lupus-related autoimmunity. B6.Slamf4−/− mice spontaneously develop activated CD4 T cells and B cells and increased numbers of T follicular helper cells and a proportion develop autoantibodies to nuclear Ags. B6.Slamf4−/− mice also exhibit markedly increased autoantibody production in the B6.C-H-2bm12/KhEg → B6 transfer model of lupus. Although slamf4 function is best characterized in NK cells, the enhanced humoral autoimmunity of B6.Slamf4−/− mice is NK cell independent, as judged by depletion studies. Taken together, our findings reveal that slamf4 has an NK cell-independent negative regulatory role in the pathogenesis of lupus a normally non-autoimmune prone genetic background.
Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cell Responses to EBV Contrast with CD8 Responses in Breadth of Lytic Cycle Antigen Choice and in Lytic Cycle Recognition
Authors: Long Heather M. , Leese Alison M. , Chagoury Odette L. , Connerty Shawn R. , Quarcoopome Jared , Quinn Laura L. , Shannon-Lowe Claire , Rickinson Alan B. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
EBV, a B lymphotropic herpesvirus, encodes two immediate early (IE)-, &gt;30 early (E)-, and &gt;30 late (L)-phase proteins during its replication (lytic) cycle. Despite this, lytic Ag-induced CD8 responses are strongly skewed toward IE and a few E proteins only, all expressed before HLA I presentation is blocked in lytically infected cells. For comparison, we examined CD4+ T cell responses to eight IE, E, or L proteins, screening 14 virus-immune donors to overlapping peptide pools in IFN-γ ELISPOT assays, and established CD4+ T cell clones against 12 defined epitopes for target-recognition assays. We found that the lytic Ag-specific CD4+ T cell response differs radically from its CD8 counterpart in that it is widely distributed across IE, E, and L Ag targets, often with multiple reactivities detectable per donor and with IE, E, or L epitope responses being numerically dominant, and that all CD4+ T cell clones, whether IE, E, or L epitope-specific, show strong recognition of EBV-transformed B cell lines, despite the lines containing only a small fraction of lytically infected cells. Efficient recognition occurs because lytic Ags are released into the culture and are acquired and processed by neighboring latently infected cells. These findings suggested that lytic Ag-specific CD4 responses are driven by a different route of Ag display than drives CD8 responses and that such CD4 effectors could be therapeutically useful against EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disease lesions, which contain similarly small fractions of EBV-transformed cells entering the lytic cycle.
Bihemispheric Subcortical Infarcts in the Middle Cerebral Artery Territory
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi , Kumazawa Masahiro , Izumi Tesseki , Ueno Satoshi 
Published: June 2011

Background and purpose Previous studies have suggested embolic mechanisms for bihemispheric subcortical infarcts involving the anterior and posterior circulation. However, the mechanism of bihemispheric subcortical infarcts in middle cerebral artery (MCA) territories remains uncertain. We describe a patient with acute bihemispheric subcortical infarcts in restricted MCA territories suggesting an embolic mechanism. Case description A 62-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia suddenly presented with left hemiplegia. Diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resolution imaging of the brain showed multiple subcortical high intensity in the MCA territories. There were no acute infarctions in the cerebrum, brain stem, or cerebellum, including cortical lesions. The patient had no carotid, internal carotid artery, or MCA disease. Conclusion Bihemispheric subcortical infarcts in the MCA territory are likely to have a proximal embolic source and such infarcts could be associated with multiple subcortical infarcts due to small vessel disease.
Constructing a New Biomass‐Based Bistatic Window for Solar Regulation
Authors: Pu Jihong , Han Miao , Shen Chao , Wang Julian , Lu Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSmart windows effectively respond to the ever‐changing climatic conditions, offering a smart solution for low‐carbon buildings. However, current smart windows derived from chromic materials often have inferior solar modulation ability, or showcase high haze that obstructs outdoor views. Here, instead of developing new chromic materials, a new bistatic window is proposed for ultra‐high solar modulation and luminous transmission. The new developed window can reduce the indoor surface temperature for ≈11 °C, and reduce the building space cooling and heating energy consumption by 30% to 40%, providing significant energy‐related advances over traditional smart windows. In detail, the bistatic window exhibits excellent solar modulation ability (ΔTsol = 61%), high visible transmittance in both bleached (Tlum,bleached = 91%) and colored (Tlum,colored = 56%) states, low haze (< 1%), rapid switching response (switching time < 1 min), high color rendering index (CRI > 80), and long‐cyclic stability after 1000 cycles. With the advantages of facile fabrication and scalability, it is foreseen the developed bistatic window holds promising prospect for the next‐generation low‐carbon buildings, paving a new way for future advancements in the fields of smart windows.
Binarized Neural Network Comprising Quasi‐Nonvolatile Memory Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Shin Yunwoo , Jeon Juhee , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a binarized neural network (BNN) comprising quasi‐nonvolatile memory (QNVM) devices that operate in a positive feedback loop mechanism and exhibit an extremely low subthreshold swing (≤ 5 mV dec−1) and a high on/off ratio (≥ 107). A pair of QNVM devices are used for a single synaptic cell in a cell array, in which its memory state represents the synaptic weight, and the voltages applied to the pair act as input in a complementary fashion. The array of synaptic cells performs matrix multiply‐accumulate (MAC) operations between the weight matrix and input vector using XNOR and current summation. All the results of the MAC operations and vector‐matrix multiplications are equivalent. Moreover, the BNN features a high accuracy of 93.32% in the MNIST image recognition simulation owing to high device uniformity (1.35%), which demonstrates the feasibility of compact and high‐performance neuromorphic computing.
Effect of COVID‐19 pandemic on bioimpedance health indicators in young adults
Authors: Falbová Darina , Beňuš Radoslav , Sulis Simona , Vorobeľová Lenka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesHerein, we investigate the relationships between the COVID‐19 pandemic and overcoming the virus, and its effects on body composition parameters in young adults from Slovakia.MethodsWe assessed 773 adults aged 18 to 30 years in pandemic‐status sub‐groups. Individual lifestyles and overcoming the COVID‐19 effects were evaluated by a detailed questionnaire, and body composition parameters were analyzed using the InBody 770 bioimpedance analyzer.ResultsStatistically significant lower values were observed in the male group during the pandemic for the following parameters; proteins and minerals, fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), lean body mass (LBM) and its values in the right and left arm and trunk, total body water (TBW) and its values in the right and left arm and trunk, body cell mass (BCM), basal metabolic rate (BMR) and phase angle (PA). The regression analysis confirmed the negative pandemic effect and the negative impact of COVID‐19 on men in the following parameters: proteins (p = .027 for pandemic and p = .005 for COVID‐19), FFM (p = .023 for pandemic and p = .005 for COVID‐19), LBM (p = .022 for pandemic and p = .004 for COVID‐19), SMM (p = .028 for pandemic and p = .005 for COVID‐19), TBW (p = .020 for pandemic and p = .004 for COVID‐19), BMR (p = .024 for pandemic and p = .005 for COVID‐19) and PA (p = .009 for pandemic). Physical activity was a further significant predictor in men for all the above parameters.ConclusionsWe observed significantly lower body composition parameters associated with fat free mass in young adult men during the pandemic than before it. However, future research is warranted to determine if these effects have long‐term significance.
Recent Insights into the Antimicrobial Properties of Phyllanthus emblica L.: A Comprehensive Review of Wonder Berry
Authors: Begum Mosammat Asia , Hossain Rajib , Jain Divya , Murti Yogesh , Agrawal Krishn Kumar , Janmeda Pracheta , Neto Ivo Cavalcante Pita , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Raposo António , Saraiva Ariana , Han Heesup , Romão Bernardo , Lisboa Poliana , Moreira Pablo , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhyllanthus emblica L., or Amla, is known for its therapeutic properties and has been used as a medicinal plant. It is rich in vitamin C and other bioactive phytochemicals like polyphenols, gallic acid, chebulagic acid, leutolin, quercetin, etc. Different parts of this plant are used to treat various viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases. This review article summarizes the recent literature relevant to the antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal effects of P. emblica. A variety of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia, etc.), fungi (Alternaria alternate Botroyodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum corcori, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium exquisite, Fusarium solanii, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Colletotrichum gleosparoitis, and Macrophomina phaseolina) and viruses, like Influenza A virus strain H3N2, hepatitis B, Human Immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1), Simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and type 2 (HSV‐2) have experimented. Different techniques were used based on the way of identification. ‘For example, disc diffusion, dilution methods, sound diffusion, Immuno‐peroxidase monolayer assay, serum HBV and HBsAg assay, enzyme immunoassay, etc. The present review analyzed and summarized the antimicrobial activities of P. emblica and possible mechanisms of action to provide future directions in translating these findings clinically.
Design and Synthesis of Marine Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Gao Ning , Gao Cheng‐Long , Chen Sha , Wang Meng‐Xue , Li Xu‐Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNatural polybrominated diphenyl ethers are generally isolated from sponges and possess a broad range of biological activities. Through screening of our marine natural product library, we discovered that polybrominated diphenyl ethers 5 and 6 exhibit considerable anti‐inflammatory activity. In order to expand our repertoire of derivatives for further biological activity studies, we designed and synthesized a series of 5‐related polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Importantly, compound 5a showed comparable anti‐inflammatory activity while much lower cytotoxicity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, western blotting analysis showed that 5a reduced the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK). Besides, molecular docking experiments were conducted to predict and elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the varying anti‐inflammatory activities exhibited by compounds 5a, 5, and 6.
Almost sharp lower bound for the nodal volume of harmonic functions
Authors: Logunov Alexander , Priya M. E. Lakshmi , Sartori Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on a relation between the growth of harmonic functions and the Hausdorff measure of their zero sets. Let be a real‐valued harmonic function in with and . We prove
where the doubling index is a notion of growth defined by
This gives an almost sharp lower bound for the Hausdorff measure of the zero set of , which is conjectured to be linear in . The new ingredients of the article are the notion of stable growth, and a multiscale induction technique for a lower bound for the distribution of the doubling index of harmonic functions. It gives a significant imuprovement over the previous best‐known bound , which implied Nadirashvili's conjecture.
RNA‐Seq Data Analysis: A Practical Guide for Model and Non‐Model Organisms
Authors: Pola‐Sánchez Enrique , Hernández‐Martínez Karen Magdalena , Pérez‐Estrada Rafael , Sélem‐Mójica Nelly , Simpson June , Abraham‐Juárez María Jazmín , Herrera‐Estrella Alfredo , Villalobos‐Escobedo José Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for assessing genome‐wide gene expression, revolutionizing various fields of biology. However, analyzing large RNA‐seq datasets can be challenging, especially for students or researchers lacking bioinformatics experience. To address these challenges, we present a comprehensive guide to provide step‐by‐step workflows for analyzing RNA‐seq data, from raw reads to functional enrichment analysis, starting with considerations for experimental design. This is designed to aid students and researchers working with any organism, irrespective of whether an assembled genome is available. Within this guide, we employ various recognized bioinformatics tools to navigate the landscape of RNA‐seq analysis and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different tools for the same task. Our protocol focuses on clarity, reproducibility, and practicality to enable users to navigate the complexities of RNA‐seq data analysis easily and gain valuable biological insights from the datasets. Additionally, all scripts and a sample dataset are available in a GitHub repository to facilitate the implementation of the analysis pipeline. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Analysis of data from a model plant with an available reference genomeBasic Protocol 2: Gene ontology enrichment analysisBasic Protocol 3: De novo assembly of data from non‐model plants
Impact of malnutrition in patients with severe heart failure
Authors: Pagnesi Matteo , Serafini Lisa , Chiarito Mauro , Stolfo Davide , Baldetti Luca , Inciardi Riccardo M. , Tomasoni Daniela , Adamo Marianna , Lombardi Carlo M. , Sammartino Antonio M. , Loiacono Ferdinando , Maccallini Marta , Villaschi Alessandro , Gasparini Gaia , Montella Marco , Contessi Stefano , Cocianni Daniele , Perotto Maria , Barone Giuseppe , Anker Stefan D. , Merlo Marco , Cappelletti Alberto M. , Sinagra Gianfranco , Pini Daniela , Metra Marco 
Published: May 2024

AimThe role of malnutrition among patients with severe heart failure (HF) is not well established. We evaluated the incidence, predictors, and prognostic impact of malnutrition in patients with severe HF.Methods and resultsNutritional status was measured using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), based on body weight, height and serum albumin concentration, with malnutrition defined as GNRI ≤98. It was assessed in consecutive patients with severe HF, defined by at least one high‐risk ‘I NEED HELP’ marker, enrolled at four Italian centres between January 2020 and November 2021. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. A total of 510 patients with data regarding nutritional status were included in the study (mean age 74 ± 12 years, 66.5% male). Among them, 179 (35.1%) had GNRI ≤98 (malnutrition). At multivariable logistic regression, lower body mass index (BMI) and higher levels of natriuretic peptides (B‐type natriuretic peptide [BNP] > median value [685 pg/ml] or N‐terminal proBNP > median value [5775 pg/ml]) were independently associated with a higher likelihood of malnutrition. Estimated rates of all‐cause death at 1 year were 22.4% and 41.1% in patients without and with malnutrition, respectively (log‐rank p < 0.001). The impact of malnutrition on all‐cause mortality was confirmed after multivariable adjustment for relevant covariates (adjusted hazard ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.43–2.89, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn a contemporary, real‐world, multicentre cohort of patients with severe HF, malnutrition (defined as GNRI ≤98) was common and independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. Lower BMI and higher natriuretic peptides were identified as predictors of malnutrition in these patients.
Convective heat and mass transfer in inclined parallel plates with fractional model: Dusty hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Khan Dolat , Kumam Poom , Sitthithakerngkiet Kanokwan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the flow of a second‐grade viscoelastic fluid with dust particles under hydromagnetic effects between vertical plates. This study investigates the effects of the left plate's oscillations, which induce fluid motion, on heat and mass transfer, and particle temperature. The study also considers the variable temperature and concentration. Mathematical models are developed using partial differential equations to represent the flow regime. To generalize energy and concentration Fick's and Fourier's laws are employed. Laplace and finite Fourier‐Sine transforms are then used to solve the resulting system of dimensionless equations. Finally, Zakian's numerical technique is used in MATHCAD software to compute the Laplace inverse and obtain the final solution. The research concludes that the fractional approach is more realistic and practical than the classical approach. Changes in mass and heat transfer rates, as well as skin friction on the left plate, are observed over time across various physical parameters. Additionally, dust particles can be employed in various applications, including agriculture. In this sector, they can be mixed with water to create a dust suspension, which is subsequently sprayed over crops to enhance the effectiveness of pesticide application.
Incidence and prevention of skeletal‐related events in multiple myeloma patients: A population‐based real‐world experience
Authors: Røra Marie , Solberg Margrete Skretting , Moore Kari Lenita Falck , Slørdahl Tobias S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNovel treatments in multiple myeloma (MM) could influence the incidence of skeletal‐related events (SREs). We aimed to examine the incidence of SRE and the preventive use of osteoclast inhibitors (OIs) in a cohort of MM patients in the era of modern treatment. In this real‐world retrospective study, we included 199 patients with a diagnosis of MM between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, with follow‐up at St. Olavs University Hospital. Data was extracted from The Myeloma Registry of Central Norway. SREs occurred in 46% of patients at baseline and 55.8% during follow‐up. Excluding baseline SREs, the incidence rate was 29 (95% confidence interval: 26–33) per 100 person years. 48% experienced > 1 SRE. The incidence of SREs was highest at baseline followed by a gradual increase in each subsequent line of treatment. The first two years after diagnosis 80% received bisphosphonates (BPs). The proportion of recommended dosage was 46%. Only two cases (1.2%) of symptomatic hypocalcemia and one case (0.6%) of osteonecrosis of the jaw were identified. SREs are still a common problem in an era of novel treatment. Cumulative dosage of BPs was lower than recommended, and treatment with BPs was safe in this population.
Suitability of selected hardwood species for the production of glued laminated timber
Authors: Lovrić Vranković J. , Boko I. , Uzelac Glavinić I. , Torić N. , Abramović M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlued laminated timber made from hardwood is a sustainable structural product that is currently gaining momentum due to climatic changes and afforestation policy. Diversities in hardwood species have led to a lack of a complete standard for the production of glued laminated timber from hardwood in Europe. This paper addresses hardwood species available in Croatian forests, namely Carpinus Betulus L. (European hornbeam), Quercus Cerris L. (Turkey oak), and Acer Campestre L. (Maple), in terms of their suitability for the production of glued laminated timber. The suitability is assessed by a multi‐criteria analysis with seven criteria. Visual and physical properties include density, the occurrence of knots, and grain deviation in lamellas. Mechanical properties include the bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and shear strength of glue lines. In order to obtain physical and mechanical properties, corresponding experimental research has been carried out. Production costs have been evaluated in collaboration with the manufacturer. Results indicate a very high potential of European hornbeam and Turkey oak for the production of glued laminated timber.