bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bulk Nanoporous Metal for Actuation
Authors: Jin Hai‐Jun , Weissmüller Jörg 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNanoporous metals prepared by controlled chemical or electrochemical corrosion of alloys can provide prototypical manifestations of bulk nanostructured material. Samples are readily prepared with dimensions at the millimeter or centimeter scale, while at the same time the microstructure is a homogeneous array of interpenetrating solid skeleton phase and pore channels with a characteristic size that can reach down to below 5 nm. The interest in nanoporous metals as functional materials derives from recent observations of unique materials behavior resulting from their extremely small structure size and their open porosity with large volume‐specific surface area. As an example, this article discusses the possible use of nanoporous metal for actuation.
Supramolecular Soft Adhesive Materials
Authors: Courtois Jérémie , Baroudi Imane , Nouvel Nicolas , Degrandi Elise , Pensec Sandrine , Ducouret Guylaine , Chanéac Corinne , Bouteiller Laurent , Creton Costantino 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe rheological and adhesive properties of bis‐urea functionalized low‐molecular‐weight polyisobutylenes (PIBUT) are investigated. The polymers, which can interact through supramolecular hydrogen bonds, can self‐organize over times of the order of days at room temperature. This organized structure has been identified by small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and its rheological properties indicate the behaviour of a soft viscoelastic gel. The ordered structure can be disrupted by temperature and shear so that at 80 °C, the material behaves as a highly viscoelastic fluid and no SAXS peak is observed. When cooled back at room temperature, the PIBUT retrieves its ordered structure and gel properties after 20 h of annealing. This very slow molecular dynamics gives PIBUT a highly dissipative nature upon deformation, which combined with strongly interacting moieties results in very interesting adhesive properties both on steel surfaces but more importantly on typical low adhesion surfaces such as silicone. A strategy based on the controlled incorporation of supramolecular bonds in a covalently crosslinked network appears promising for the development of a new generation of highly interacting and dissipative soft adhesives.
Silica‐Coated Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles as a Platform for Targeted Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhuang Yeming , Hu He , Du Xiaoxia , Zhang Cuixia , Shi Xiangyang , Wu Huixia , Yang Shiping 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMonodisperse silica‐coated manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of ∼35 nm are synthesized and are aminated through silanization. The amine‐functionalized core–shell NPs enable the covalent conjugation of a fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC), and folate (FA) onto their surface. The formed Mn3O4@SiO2(RBITC)–FA core–shell nanocomposites are water‐dispersible, stable, and biocompatible when the Mn concentration is below 50 µg mL−1 as confirmed by a cytotoxicity assay. Relaxivity measurements show that the core–shell NPs have a T1 relaxivity (r1) of 0.50 mM−1 s−1 on the 0.5 T scanner and 0.47 mM−1 s−1 on the 3.0 T scanner, suggesting the possibility of using the particles as a T1 contrast agent. Combined flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging studies show that the Mn3O4@SiO2(RBITC)–FA nanocomposites can specifically target cancer cells overexpressing FA receptors (FARs). Findings from this study suggest that the silica‐coated Mn3O4 core–shell NPs could be used as a platform for bimodal imaging (both magnetic resonance and fluorescence) in various biological systems.
Polysaccharide‐Derived Carbons for Polar Analyte Separations
Authors: White Robin J. , Antonio Carla , Budarin Vitaly L. , Bergström Ed , Thomas‐Oates Jane , Clark James H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHighly mesoporous (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, SBET > 200 m2 g−1; mesopore volume > 1 cm3 g−1) carbonaceous materials are prepared in a truly sustainable manner, from the naturally occurring polysaccharide alginic acid. This approach yields large mesoporous materials (pore diameter > 14 nm) significantly without the use of a template or carbonization catalyst. The direct thermal decomposition of mesoporous forms of the acidic polysaccharide allows for an extremely flexible material preparation strategy. Materials can be prepared at any desired carbonization temperature (e.g., 200–1000 °C), possessing similar textural properties, but progressively presenting more uniform surface functionality through this temperature range, from more oxygenated surfaces at low temperatures to increasingly aromatic/graphitic‐like surfaces. The high‐temperature material (i.e., 1000 °C), while predominantly amorphous, presents some short range (turbostratic) ordering, providing sufficiently polarizable surfaces on which to perform challenging liquid phase separations of polar sugar analytes.
Monodisperse Polymer Capsules: Tailoring Size, Shell Thickness, and Hydrophobic Cargo Loading via Emulsion Templating
Authors: Cui Jiwei , Wang Yajun , Postma Almar , Hao Jingcheng , Hosta‐Rigau Leticia , Caruso Frank 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe preparation of monodisperse polymer (polydopamine, PDA) capsules by a one‐step interfacial polymerization of dopamine onto dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) emulsion droplets and removal of the DMDES templates with ethanol is reported. The diameters of the PDA capsules can be tailored from 400 nm to 2.4 µm by varying either the DMDES emulsion condensation time or the emulsion concentration used for templating. Further, capsules with defined nanometer‐scale shell thicknesses (ranging from ∼10 to 30 nm) can be prepared by adjusting the emulsion concentration. This shell thickness can be increased by repeated interfacial polymerization of dopamine, with three cycles yielding capsules with a shell thickness of up to 140 nm (for a 0.6% v/v suspension). Functional substances, such as organically stabilized magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, quantum dots (CdSe/CdS), and hydrophobic drugs (thiocoraline), can be preloaded in the emulsion droplets, and following PDA coating and DMDES removal, these materials remain encapsulated in the polymer capsules. All of the unloaded and loaded PDA capsules are monodisperse and do not aggregate. This work provides new avenues for the preparation of polymer capsules with defined size and shell thickness and for the encapsulation of a range of hydrophobic substances.
Multifunctional Magnetic Optical Sensor Particles with Tunable Sizes for Monitoring Metabolic Parameters and as a Basis for Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Mistlberger Günter , Koren Klaus , Scheucher Elisabeth , Aigner Daniel , Borisov Sergey M. , Zankel Armin , Pölt Peter , Klimant Ingo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMagnetic optical sensor particles with multifunctional cores and shells are synthesized via a facile nanoprecipitation method and the subsequent modification of the particle shell. The hydrophobic particle core includes optical oxygen indicators, a light harvesting system, photosensitizers, and magnetic nanoparticles. Further functionalities are introduced by modifying the shell with enzymes, antibodies, multiple layers of polyelectrolytes, stimuli‐responsive polymers, and luminescent indicator dyes. The hydrodynamic diameter is tunable by varying different precipitation parameters.
Control of Optical Hysteresis in Block Copolymer Photonic Gels: A Step Towards Wet Photonic Memory Films
Authors: Kim Eunjoo , Kang Changjoon , Baek Heeyoel , Hwang Kyosung , Kwak Dongwoo , Lee Eunkyung , Kang Youngjong , Thomas Edwin L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) block copolymer photonic gels are fabricated that exhibit controllable optical hysteresis in response to a cyclic pH sweep. The optical hysteresis is tuned by controlling the ion‐pairing affinity between various anions and the protonated pyridinium ions on the P2VP block, which is highly dependent on the hydration energy of the ions, the dielectric constant of the solvent, and the ionic strength of the medium. The pH coercivity defining the magnitude of hysteresis of the photonic gels could be varied from 0.26 to 7.4. Photonic gel films with strong optical hysteresis can serve as wet photonic memory films where information can be cyclically recorded and erased at least 15 times and maintained for at least 96 h. The memory colors can be further tuned by selection of the copolymer molecular weight.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Amination of Acidic Aryl CH Bonds with Primary Aromatic Amines
Authors: Zhao Huaiqing , Wang Min , Su Weiping , Hong Maochun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed intermolecular aerobic oxidative CH bond amination of various polyfluorobenzenes with an array of primary aromatic amines was achieved for the first time. The reactivity of the polyfluorobenzenes was observed to depend on the acidity of CH bonds. Under similar reaction conditions, the CH bond amination of azoles also occurred.
An Efficient and Selective Epoxidation of Olefins with Novel Methyltrioxorhenium/(Fluorous Ponytailed) 2,2′‐Bipyridine Catalysts
Authors: Saladino Raffaele , Ginnasi Maria Cristina , Collalto Daniela , Bernini Roberta , Crestini Claudia 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNovel complexes between methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) and bis(fluorous‐ponytailed) 2,2′‐bipyridines (bpy‐Fn) were synthesized and used for the oxidation of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide under fluorous catalysis. High conversions and yields of the corresponding epoxides were obtained.
Activity‐induced dental modification in holocene siberian hunter‐fisher‐gatherers
Authors: Waters‐Rist Andrea , Bazaliiskii Vladimir I. , Weber Andrzej , Goriunova Olga I. , Katzenberg M. Anne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe use of teeth as tools provides clues to past subsistence patterns and cultural practices. Five Holocene period hunter‐fisher‐gatherer mortuary sites from the south‐western region of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Russian Federation, are observed for activity‐induced dental modification (AIDM) to further characterize their adaptive regimes. Grooves on the occlusal surfaces of teeth are observed in 25 out of 123 individuals (20.3%) and were most likely produced during the processing of fibers from plants and animals, for making items such as nets and cordage. Regional variation in the frequency of individuals with occlusal grooves is found in riverine versus lakeshore sites. This variation suggests that production of material culture items differed, perhaps in relation to different fishing practices. There is also variation in the distribution of grooves by sex: grooves are found predominately in females, except at the Late Neolithic‐Bronze Age river site of Ust'‐Ida I where grooves are found exclusively in males. Occlusal grooves were cast using polyvinylsiloxane and maxillary canine impressions were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine striation patterns. Variation in striae orientation suggests that a variety of activities, and/or different manufacturing techniques, were involved in groove production. Overall, the variability in occlusal groove frequency, sex and regional distribution, and microscopic striae patterns, points to the multiplicity of activities and ways in which people used their mouths and teeth in cultural activities. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:266–278, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radical annihilation of γ‐ray‐irradiated contact lens blanks made of a 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer at elevated temperatures
Authors: Lin Young‐Shang , Ming Li‐June , Peng J. S. , Fu Ying‐Kai , Lee Sanboh 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe annihilation of the radicals in irradiated 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer was analyzed by the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The EPR spectra were deconvoluted into three radicals: a quartet (Ra), a triplet (Rb), and a broad singlet (Rc). Radical Ra was attributed to coupling with a methyl radical and/or a doublet or triplet with about the same hyperfine coupling due to a methylene radical. Radical Rb was due to a methylene radical produced by main‐chain scission. Radical Rc was attributed to various free radicals without coupling to protons. By comparing the EPR spectra of radicals Ra, Rb, and Rc with the spectrum of a 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) standard with a known spin number, we calculated the spin numbers of the radicals, which decreased with time in the temperature range 25–45°C, regardless of the irradiation dose. The annealing of Ra and Rb and the annealing of Rc at longer times followed second‐order kinetics; these were different from the kinetics for the color formation and defect‐controlled hardening of polymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of a cured epoxy resin with a benzoxazine monomer containing allyl groups
Authors: Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Liu Wei‐Chen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVinyl‐terminated benzoxazine (VB‐a), which can be polymerized through ring‐opening polymerization, was synthesized through the Mannich condensation of bisphenol A, formaldehyde, and allylamine. This VB‐a monomer was then blended with epoxy resin and then concurrently thermally cured to form an epoxy/VB‐a copolymer network. To understand the curing kinetics of this epoxy/VB‐a copolymer, dynamic differential scanning calorimetry measurements were performed by the Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses revealed the presence of thermal curing reactions and hydrogen‐bonding interactions of the epoxy/VB‐a copolymers. Meanwhile, a significant enhancement of the ring‐opening and allyl polymerizations of the epoxy was observed. For these interpenetrating polymer networks, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the thermal properties increased with increasing VB‐a content in the epoxy/VB‐a copolymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Influence of the phase morphology on the molecular orientation at the crack tips in rubber‐modified nylon 6: A micro Fourier transform infrared study
Authors: Xu Wenfei , Lv Ruihua , Na Bing , Tian Nana , Li Zhujun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDespite extensive efforts to understand the toughening mechanism of rubber‐modified semicrystalline polymers, the plastic deformation event at the crack tips with an extreme deformation gradient and its correlation with phase morphology is, thus far, poorly understood. In this study, micro Fourier transform infrared measurements were adopted to give direct evidence of plastic deformation at the crack tips by the molecular orientation in nylon 6/ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) blends with a distinct phase morphology. Significant plastic deformation ahead of the crack tips, manifested by a high molecular orientation, was observed in the compatibilized nylon 6/EPDM blends with fine rubber particles. Moreover, the increased transverse crack‐propagation resistance due to high molecular orientation dramatically extended the plastic deformation into adjacent regions around the crack tips; this was responsible for enhanced energy dissipation during the fracture process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Crosslinking behavior of dextran modified with hydroxyethyl methacrylate upon irradiation with visible light—Effect of concentration, coinitiator type, and solvent
Authors: Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Menzel Henning 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study presents the synthesis of a crosslinkable dextran as starting material for the development of new hydrogels as drug delivery system in dental applications. 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was coupled to dextran after activation with carbonyldiimidazole as monitored by FTIR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The Dex‐HEMA was crosslinked by visible light in the presence of camphorquinone (CQ) as photoinitiator and a coinitiator in a proper solvent. Aliphatic or aromatic amines were used as coinitiators and the content of the coinitiator was varied from 0.25 to 3.0 mol %. Diphenyliodonium chloride was added as a third component to the above photoinitiation system. It was observed that, the degree of swelling decreased upon an increase of Dex‐HEMA concentration and the water content in the solvent system due to formation of more crosslinking points, that is, increasing crosslink density (Px). The type of coinitiator shows a prominent impact on the swelling behavior and crosslinking efficiency of hydrogels. Special cryofixation and cryofracture techniques were used to investigate the surface and interior of swollen Dex‐HEMA hydrogel samples by SEM. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Development and characterization of polypyrrole‐polylactide conductive open‐porous composites
Authors: Chan Christine , Naguib Hani E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study, conductive porous composites were fabricated using the host substrate with an interconnected porous network, followed by the penetration and deposition of polypyrrole (PPy) to create a continuous conductive network. The open‐porous host substrate was processed using polylactide (PLA) with compression molding and salt leaching techniques. Three different salt contents were varied from 75 wt %, 85 wt %, and 90 wt %, which were referred to by their salt‐to‐polymer mass ratios of 3, 6, and 9, respectively. The porous network was made conductive by coating its interior surfaces through in situ polymerization of PPy using iron (III) chloride as the oxidant species. These porous composites were then characterized to analyze the relationships between their morphology and their physical, conductive, and mechanical properties. The mechanical properties were then fitted with numerically simulated results from finite element modeling (FEM). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
SAXS study applied to reversibly crosslinked isotactic polypropylene/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Bouhelal S. , Cagiao M. E. , Benachour D. , Djellouli B. , Rong L. , Hsiao B. S. , Baltá‐Calleja F. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new route based on reversibly crosslinking reactive extrusion is applied for the development of iPP/clay nanocomposites. Analysis of small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) reflections of isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/clay nanocomposites, prepared by two different mixing and chemical crosslinking methods (i.e., conventional and in situ), is presented and results are compared with preceding wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) results. It is shown that the presence of clay significantly affects the value of long spacing in iPP, as well as the coherence length of lamellar stacks. Results show that the size of the coherently diffracting nanodomains decreases in two stages, first rapidly and then slowly as a function of increasing clay content. This can be attributed to the influence of confined iPP lamellae under the effect of rising number of clay particles. The appearance of the γ‐crystalline form in the crosslinked iPP/clay nanocomposites is related with the difficulty in chain folding of iPP chains introduced by the chemical crosslinking process, as well as by the presence of clay particles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Probing the Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenols by CIDNP: From Model Compounds to Green Tea and Red Wine
Authors: Neshchadin Dmytro , Levinn Rebecca , Gescheidt Georg , Batchelor Stephen N. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolyphenols occur naturally in a vast variety of plants. One of their predominant properties is their antioxidant activity. To provide a deeper understanding of the antioxidant mechanism, 1H CIDNP spectroscopy (CIDNP=chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) is used to study model hydrogen abstraction reactions with four catechin‐based polyphenols: catechin (CA), gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The experiments involve photoinduced hydrogen‐atom transfer to a hydrogen abstractor (e.g., excited isopropylthioxanthone) followed under steady‐state conditions and in a time‐resolved fashion (resolution 500 ns–1 ms). It is found that hydrogen abstraction is an essentially stochastic process with a slight preference for the B rings in the catechin‐based polyphenols. Remarkably, analogous reactivity patterns could be followed in the “real systems”, green tea and red wine. We also show that CIDNP can be used as a semiquantitative tool to assess chemical reactivity.
Motivations, barriers, and incentives for adopting environmental management (cost) accounting and related guidelines: a study of the republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Ki‐Hoon 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present an empirical case for research in environmental management accounting and/or environmental cost accounting. The paper provides an analysis of the current status of environmental management and/or environmental cost accounting at the industry level. The author explores the extent of management research in the field of corporate sustainability management and environmental management accounting. The study employs a survey method for identifying factors to adopt environmental cost accounting and its guidelines within organizations in Korean manufacturing industry contexts. The paper uncovers those manufacturing industries' views on motivations and obstacles to adopt environmental cost accounting and its guidelines, and general perceptions on related issues. It is found that there is a lack of a systematically structured approach to implement environmental cost accounting internally in practice. The study also finds that some difficulties to adopt environmental cost accounting in practice are caused by the existing accounting and information system. The paper suggests where further contributions might be made by future research endeavours engaging with different industry sectors and country levels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The shape of plasma glucose concentration curve during OGTT predicts future risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Abdul‐Ghani Muhammad A. , Lyssenko Valeriya , Tuomi Tiinamaija , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Groop Leif 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study is to assess the relationship between the shape of plasma glucose concentration during the OGTT and future risk for T2DM.Methods2445 non‐diabetic subjects from the Botnia study received an OGTT at baseline and after 7–8 years of follow‐up.ResultsNGT and IFG subjects who returned their plasma glucose concentration following an ingested glucose load below FPG within 60 min had increased insulin sensitivity, greater insulin secretion and lower risk for future T2DM compared to NGT and IFG subjects whose post‐load plasma glucose concentration required 120 min or longer to return their plasma glucose level to FPG level. IGT subjects who had a lower plasma glucose concentration at 1‐h compared to 2‐h during OGTT had greater insulin sensitivity, better beta cell function and lower risk for future T2DM.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the shape of glucose curve can be utilized to assess future risk for T2DM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.