bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental test of differential susceptibility to parenting among emotionally‐dysregulated children in a randomized controlled trial for oppositional behavior
Authors: Scott Stephen , O’Connor Thomas G. 
Published: August 2012

Background:  The concept of differential susceptibility has challenged the potential meaning of personal traits such as poor ability to regulate emotions. Under the traditional model of diathesis/stress, personal characteristics such as liability to angry outbursts are seen as essentially disadvantageous, emerging under duress in a way that is maladaptive. In contrast, with differential susceptibility, there is the same poorer functioning under adverse conditions but, under favorable conditions, individuals with the trait function better than those without it. To date, there have been limited studies on response under positive environments. We used the experimental power of an intervention trial to test the differential susceptibility hypothesis that children with emotional dysregulation would show greater response to an experimentally induced improvement in their parenting environment.Methods:  Data were from the SPOKES trial (ISRCTN 77566446), a randomized controlled trial of 112 school children who were 5–6‐years old, screened for elevated levels of oppositionality, randomized to parenting groups or control; 109 (97%) were followed‐up a year later. Using DSM‐IV oppositional‐defiant symptoms, children were divided into an Emotionally‐Dysregulated type (ED, n = 68) and a Headstrong type (n = 44). The parenting intervention was the Incredible Years program supplemented by positive strategies to use when reading with children. Assessment of conduct problems and parenting was by semistructured interviews.Results:  At follow‐up, parents of Emotionally‐Dysregulated and Headstrong children allocated to the intervention showed significant improvements in their parenting strategies to an equal extent compared to parents in the control group. However, the Emotionally‐Dysregulated children showed a significantly greater decrease in conduct problems between intervention and control groups (treatment effect‐size 0.84 standard deviations) than the Headstrong (es 0.20 SD), p = 0.04.Conclusions:  Using the power of a controlled experiment, this study showed that children who exhibited Emotionally‐Dysregulated behavior pretreatment were more responsive to improvements in parental care that were experimentally induced. The findings extend prior work on differential sensitivity in suggesting that children exhibiting irascibility and emotionality may show greater susceptibility to the caregiving environment, and may identify a subset of children who respond better to existing treatments.
Memory traces for tonal language words revealed by auditory event‐related potentials
Authors: Gu Feng , Li Jing , Wang Xiaodong , Hou Qiongqiong , Huang Yina , Chen Lin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn tonal languages such as Mandarin Chinese, suprasegmental tones are used to signal word meaning besides consonants and vowels. To reveal memory traces for tonal language words, we presented native Mandarin Chinese speakers with a sequence of spoken syllables as standards and disyllables as deviants in a passive oddball paradigm. The second syllable of each disyllable carried critical tonal information that would define the disyllable either as a meaningful word or as a meaningless pseudoword. The words and pseudowords were acoustically and phonologically matched as well as counterbalanced. The auditory event‐related potential in response to words was more negatively deflected than that in response to pseudowords. This effect was most prominent 164 ms after the word recognition point. Our study indicates an activation of memory traces for tonal language words.
The novel NOX inhibitor 2‐acetylphenothiazine impairs collagen‐dependent thrombus formation in a GPVI‐dependent manner
Authors: Vara D , Campanella M , Pula G 
Published: August 2012

Background and PurposeNADPH oxidases (NOXs) contribute to platelet activation by a largely unknown mechanism. Here, we studied the effect of the novel NOX inhibitor 2‐acetylphenothiazine (2‐APT) on human platelet functional responses and intracellular signaling pathways.Experimental ApproachThe generation of superoxide ions was assessed by single cell imaging on adhering platelets using dihydroethidium (DHE), while other reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected with 5‐(and‐6)‐carboxy‐2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM‐H2‐DCFDA). Whole blood thrombus formation, washed platelet aggregation, integrin αIIbβ3 inside‐out signalling, Syk phosphorylation and PKC activation were analysed to understand the functional consequences of NOX inhibition by 2‐APT in platelets.Key ResultsSuperoxide ion generation stimulated by platelet adhesion on collagen and fibrinogen was significantly inhibited by 2‐APT in concentration‐dependent manner (IC50 = 306 nM and 227 nM, respectively), whereas cumulative ROS accumulation was not affected by this pharmacological agent. 2‐APT also abolished collagen‐dependent whole blood thrombus formation and washed platelet aggregation in response to collagen but not thrombin. The activation of integrin αIIbβ3 and PKC in response to the GPVI‐specific agonist collagen‐related peptide (CRP) was significantly reduced, whereas the same responses to thrombin were not significantly affected by 2‐APT. Finally, Syk activation in response to collagen but not thrombin was inhibited by 2‐APT.Conclusions and ImplicationsTaken together, our results suggest that 2‐APT attenuates GPVI‐specific signalling and is a novel inhibitor of collagen‐induced platelet responses. Therefore, NOXs could represent a novel target for the discovery of anti‐thrombotic drugs.
Selective inhibition by simvastatin of IRF3 phosphorylation and TSLP production in dsRNA‐challenged bronchial epithelial cells from COPD donors
Authors: Brandelius Angelica , Mahmutovic Persson Irma , Calvén Jenny , Bjermer Leif , Persson Carl GA , Andersson Morgan , Uller Lena 
Published: August 2012

Background and PurposeStatin treatment may ameliorate viral infection‐induced exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which exhibit Th2‐type bronchial inflammation. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a hub cytokine switching on Th2 inflammation, is overproduced in viral and dsRNA‐stimulated bronchial epithelial cells from COPD donors. Hence, TSLP may be causally involved in exacerbations. This study tests the hypothesis that simvastatin inhibits dsRNA‐induced TSLP.Experimental ApproachEpithelial cells, obtained by bronchoscopy from COPD (n = 7) and smoker control (n = 8) donors, were grown and stimulated with a viral infection and danger signal surrogate, dsRNA (10 μg·mL−1). Cells were treated with simvastatin (0.2–5 μg·mL−1), with or without mevalonate (13–26 μg·mL−1), or dexamethasone (1 μg·mL−1) before dsRNA. Cytokine expression and production, and transcription factor (IRF3 and NF‐κB) activation were determined.Key ResultsdsRNA induced TSLP, TNF‐α, CXCL8 and IFN‐β. TSLP was overproduced in dsRNA‐exposed COPD cells compared with control. Simvastatin, but not dexamethasone, concentration‐dependently inhibited dsRNA‐induced TSLP. Unexpectedly, simvastatin acted independently of mevalonate and did not affect dsRNA‐induced NF‐κB activation nor did it reduce production of TNF‐α and CXCL8. Instead, simvastatin inhibited dsRNA‐induced IRF3 phosphorylation and generation of IFN‐β.Conclusions and ImplicationsIndependent of mevalonate and NF‐κB, previously acknowledged anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of pleiotropic statins, simvastatin selectively inhibited dsRNA‐induced IRF3 activation and production of TSLP and IFN‐β in COPD epithelium. These data provide novel insight into epithelial generation of TSLP and suggest paths to be exploited in drug discovery aimed at inhibiting TSLP‐induced pulmonary immunopathology.
Analysis of Flow Within a Left Ventricle Model Fully Assisted With Continuous Flow Through the Aortic Valve
Authors: Yano Tetsuya , Funayama Masanori , Sudo Seiichi , Mitamura Yoshinori 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBlood compatibility of a ventricular assist device (VAD) depends on the dynamics of blood flow. The focus in most previous studies was on blood flow in the VAD. However, the tip shape and position of the VAD inflow cannula influence the dynamics of intraventricular blood flow and thus thrombus formation in the ventricle. In this study, blood flow in the left ventricle (LV) under support with a catheter‐type continuous flow blood pump was investigated. The flow field was analyzed both numerically and experimentally to investigate the effects of catheter tip shape and its insertion depth on intraventricular flow patterns. A computational model of the LV cavity with a simplified shape was constructed using computer‐aided design software. Models of catheters with three different tip shapes were constructed and each was integrated to the LV model. In addition, three variations of insertion depth were prepared for all models. The fully supported intraventricular flow field was calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A transparent LV model made of silicone was also fabricated to analyze the intraventricular flow field by the particle image velocimetry technique. A mock circulation loop was constructed and water containing tracer particles was circulated in the loop. The motion of particles in the LV model was recorded with a digital high‐speed video camera and analyzed to reveal the flow field. The results of numerical and experimental analyses indicated the formation of two large vortices in the bisector plane of the mitral and aortic valve planes. The shape and positioning of the catheter tip affected the flow distribution in the LV, and some of these combinations elongated the upper vortex toward the ventricular apex. Assessment based on average wall shear stress on the LV wall indicated that the flow distribution improved the washout effect. The flow patterns obtained from flow visualization coincided with those calculated by CFD analysis. Through these comparisons, the numerical analysis was validated. In conclusion, results of these numerical and experimental analyses of flow field in the LV cavity provide useful information when designing catheter‐type VADs.
Blood Trauma Testing of CentriMag and RotaFlow Centrifugal Flow Devices: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sobieski Michael A. , Giridharan Guruprasad A. , Ising Mickey , Koenig Steven C. , Slaughter Mark S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMechanical circulatory assist devices that provide temporary support in heart failure patients are needed to enable recovery or provide a bridge to decision. Minimizing risk of blood damage (i.e., hemolysis) with these devices is critical, especially if the length of support needs to be extended. Hematologic responses of the RotaFlow (Maquet) and CentriMag (Thoratec) temporary support devices were characterized in an in vitro feasibility study. Paired static mock flow loops primed with fresh bovine blood (700 mL, hematocrit [Hct] = 25 ± 3%, heparin titrated for activated clotting time >300 s) pooled from a single‐source donor were used to test hematologic responses to RotaFlow (n = 2) and CentriMag (n = 2) simultaneously. Pump differential pressures, temperature, and flow were maintained at 250 ± 10 mm Hg, 25 ± 2°C, and 4.2 ± 0.25 L/min, respectively. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected at 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min after starting pumps in accordance with recommended Food and Drug Administration and American Society for Testing and Materials guidelines. The CentriMag operated at a higher average pump speed (3425 rpm) than the RotaFlow (3000 rpm) while maintaining similar constant flow rates (4.2 L/min). Hematologic indicators of blood trauma (hemoglobin, Hct, platelet count, plasma free hemoglobin, and white blood cell) for all measured time points as well as normalized and modified indices of hemolysis were similar (RotaFlow: normalized index of hemolysis [NIH] =  0.021 ± 0.003 g/100 L, modified index of hemolysis [MIH] = 3.28 ± 0.52 mg/mg compared to CentriMag: NIH =  0.041 ± 0.010 g/100 L, MIH = 6.08 ± 1.45 mg/mg). In this feasibility study, the blood trauma performance of the RotaFlow was similar or better than the CentriMag device under clinically equivalent, worst‐case test conditions. The RotaFlow device may be a more cost‐effective alternative to the CentriMag.
Implementation of Cerebral Autoregulation Into Computational Fluid Dynamics Studies of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Kaufmann Tim A.S. , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPeri‐ or postoperative neurological complications are among the main risks for patients undergoing extracorporeal circulatory support (ECC). Two of the main reasons are an increased risk for strokes and altered flow conditions leading to cerebral hypoperfusion. This is strongly affected by cerebral autoregulation, which is the body's intrinsic ability to provide sufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF) despite changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). This complex mechanism has been mainly neglected in numerical studies, which have often been applied for analysis of ECC. In this study, a mathematical model is presented to implement cerebral autoregulation into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies. CFD simulations of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were performed in a 3D model of the cardiovascular system, with flow variations between 4.5–6 L/min. Cerebral outlets were modeled using an equation to calculate CBF based on CPP. Assuming full regulation, CBF was kept constant for CPP between 80 and 120 mm Hg. A deviation in CBF of 20% occurred for CPP between 55–80 mm Hg and 120–145 mm Hg, respectively. The level of regulation was varied to take possible impairment of cerebral autoregulation into account. Furthermore, chronic hypertension was modeled by increasing the baseline CPP. Results indicate that even for full autoregulation, CBF is decreased during CPB. It is even lower for impaired autoregulation and hypertensive patients, demonstrating the strong impact of autoregulation on CBF. It is therefore imperative to include this mechanism into CFD studies. The presented model can help to improve CPB support conditions based on patient‐specific autoregulation parameters.
Temporary Right Heart Assist: A Minimally Invasive Approach
Authors: Schopka Simon , Haneya Assad , Rupprecht Leopold , Camboni Daniele , Schmid Christof , Hilker Michael 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA surgical method for the implantation of a mechanical right ventricular assist device which avoids resternotomy/thoracotomy and related complications at the time of explantation is presented. In order to support the failing right heart, a Dacron vascular graft was sewn to the pulmonary artery. For venous drainage, a cannula was inserted into the right atrium via the femoral vein. Explantation of the system, after the right heart resumed its function, was accomplished by retracting and compressing the venous cannula in the groin as well as by retracting the arterial cannula from the Dacron vascular graft followed by suturing without opening the chest. Between 2006 and 2011, this system was used in 12 patients. The median duration of right heart support was 10.5 days. Seven patients were successfully weaned from the system, six patients survived. In all cases, explantation was free of complications. The technique described is a safe method to support the right heart and allows explantation without the risks and complications of reopening the thorax.
Predictors of psychiatric and seizure outcome following temporal lobe epilepsy surgery
Authors: Cleary Rebecca A. , Thompson Pamela J. , Fox Zoe , Foong Jacqueline 
Published: August 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Neurosurgery is an effective therapy for selected individuals with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). De novo psychopathology may complicate the postsurgical outcome. Our aims were to identify predictors of de novo psychiatric and seizure outcome following TLE surgery.Methods:  Medical records of 280 patients who underwent TLE surgery were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative psychiatric diagnoses were identified, in addition to information on seizure recurrence and neuropsychological status. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of having a de novo psychiatric diagnosis and remaining seizure‐free within 4 years following surgery.Key Findings:  One hundred five patients (38%) had significant psychiatric problems within 4 years following TLE surgery. Fifty‐one patients (18%) developed de novo psychopathology; half of cases presented within 6 months and 90% of psychopathologies persisted 6 months or longer. A preoperative history of secondary generalized tonic–clonic seizure(s) (SGTCS) was an independent predictor of de novo psychopathology (odds ratio [OR] 2.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–6.59, p = 0.02). From patients with available seizure data, 49% (127 of 258) remained seizure‐free for 4 years after surgery. Patients with a history of SGTCS (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25–0.90, p = 0.02) and those with a preoperative psychiatric diagnosis (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.28–0.98, p = 0.04) were significantly less likely to remain seizure‐free.Significance:  De novo psychopathology is a significant complication of TLE surgery. Inclusion of neuropsychiatric assessments in the presurgical evaluation may lead to increase in the power of prognostic models used to predict the neurologic outcome of TLE surgery.
Efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate as add‐on treatment in patients with focal‐onset seizures: Integrated analysis of pooled data from double‐blind phase III clinical studies
Authors: Gil‐Nagel António , Elger Christian , Ben‐Menachem Elinor , Halász Peter , Lopes‐Lima José , Gabbai Alberto A. , Nunes Teresa , Falcão Amílcar , Almeida Luis , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício 
Published: August 2012

SummaryPurpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) added to stable antiepileptic therapy in adults with partial‐onset seizures.Methods: Data from 1,049 patients enrolled from 125 centers, in 23 countries, in three phase III double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled studies were pooled and analyzed. Following a 2‐week titration period, ESL was administered at 400 mg, 800 mg, and 1,200 mg once‐daily doses for 12 weeks.Key Findings: Seizure frequency was significantly reduced with ESL 800 mg (p < 0.0001) and 1,200 mg (p < 0.0001) compared to placebo. Median relative reduction in seizure frequency was, respectively, 35% and 39% (placebo 15%) and responder rate was 36% and 44% (placebo 22%). ESL was more efficacious than placebo regardless of gender, geographic region, epilepsy duration, age at time of diagnosis, seizure type, and number and type of concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Incidence of adverse events (AEs) and AEs leading to discontinuation were dose dependent. AEs occurred mainly during the first weeks of treatment, with no difference between groups after 6 weeks. Most common AEs (>10% patients) were dizziness, somnolence, and headache. The incidence of AEs in ESL groups compared to placebo was generally consistent among different subpopulations.Significance: Once‐daily ESL 800 mg and 1,200 mg showed consistent results across all efficacy and safety end points. Results were independent of study population characteristics and type and number of concomitant AEDs.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A current overview
Authors: Dickinson Philip , Looper Karl J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryPsychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) resemble epilepsy, but no pathophysiological explanation has been established. Although there have been recent advances in PNES research and various hypotheses as to the psychopathology, no theory has achieved general acceptance. In this overview of selected literature on PNES, we highlight the often contradictory findings that underline the challenges that confront both practitioner and researcher. We first provide a synopsis of the history, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, as well as patient characteristics of PNES and the relevance of communication in the clinical context. In the subsequent sections we discuss recent research that may advance the understanding and diagnosis of this disorder. These themes include the use of qualitative methods as a viable research option, the application of nonlinear methods to analyze heterogeneous observations during diagnosis, recent advances in neuroimaging of PNES, and the development of international databases.
Relationship Between Oral Health–Related Quality of Life, Oral Health, Socioeconomic, and General Health Factors in Elderly Brazilians
Authors: de Andrade Fabíola Bof , Lebrão Maria Lúcia , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira , Teixeira Doralice Severo da Cruz , de Oliveira Duarte Yeda Aparecida 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of oral health on quality of life in elderly Brazilians and to evaluate its association with clinical oral health measures and socioeconomic and general health factors.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingPopulation‐based cohort study on health, well‐being, and aging.ParticipantsEight hundred fifty‐seven participants representing 588,384 community‐dwelling elderly adults from the city of São Paulo, Brazil.MeasurementSSelf‐perceived impact of oral health on quality of life was measured using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), with scores categorized as good, moderate, or poor, indicating low, moderate, and high degrees of negative impact on quality of life, respectively.ResultsNearly half of the individuals had good GOHAI scores (44.7% of overall sample, 45.9% of dentate participants, and 43.4% of edentulous participants). In the overall sample, those with poor self‐rated general health and a need for dental prostheses were more likely to have poor and moderate GOHAI scores. Individuals with depression were significantly more likely to have poor GOHAI scores. No socioeconomic variables were related to the outcome, except self‐perception of sufficient income, which was a protective factor against a poor GOHAI score in dentate participants.ConclusionModerate and high degrees of negative impact of oral health on quality of life were associated with general health and clinical oral health measures, independent of socioeconomic factors.