bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Cancer: A Consensus Statement of Major Guidelines Panels and Call to Action
Authors: Khorana Alok A. , Streiff Michael B. , Farge Dominique , Mandala Mario , Debourdeau Philippe , Cajfinger Francis , Marty Michel , Falanga Anna , Lyman Gary H. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an increasingly frequent complication of cancer and its treatments, and is associated with worsened mortality and morbidity in patients with cancer. Design The Italian Association of Medical Oncology, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the French National Federation of the League of Centers Against Cancer, and the European Society of Medical Oncology have recently published guidelines regarding VTE in patients with cancer. This review, authored by a working group of members from these panels, focuses on the methodology and areas of consensus and disagreement in the various clinical guidelines as well as directions for future research. Results There is broad consensus regarding the importance of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with cancer, including prolonged prophylaxis in high-risk surgical patients. Prophylaxis is not currently recommended for ambulatory patients with cancer (with exceptions) or for central venous catheters. All of the panels agree that low molecular weight heparins are preferred for the long-term treatment of VTE in cancer. Areas that warrant further research include the benefit of prophylaxis in the ambulatory setting, the risk/benefit ratio of prophylaxis for hospitalized patients with cancer, an understanding of incidental VTE, and the impact of anticoagulation on survival. Conclusion We call for a sustained research effort to investigate the clinical issues identified here to reduce the burden of VTE and its consequences in patients with cancer.
Lenalidomide Plus Prednisone Results in Durable Clinical, Histopathologic, and Molecular Responses in Patients With Myelofibrosis
Authors: Quintás-Cardama Alfonso , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Manshouri Taghi , Thomas Deborah , Cortes Jorge , Ravandi Farhad , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Bueso-Ramos Carlos , Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: September 2009

Purpose To investigate the safety and efficacy of the combination of lenalidomide and prednisone in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Patients and Methods Forty patients with MF were treated. Therapy consisted of lenalidomide 10 mg/d (5 mg/d if baseline platelet count < 100 × 109/L) on days 1 through 21 of a 28-day cycle for six cycles, in combination with prednisone 30 mg/d orally during cycle 1, 15 mg/d during cycle 2, and 15 mg/d every other day during cycle 3. Lenalidomide therapy was continued indefinitely in patients exhibiting clinical benefit. Results The median follow-up was 22 months (range, 6 to 27). Responses were recorded in 12 patients (30%) and are ongoing in 10 (25%). The median time to response was 12 weeks (range, 2 to 32). According to the International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment consensus criteria, three patients (7.5%) had partial response and nine patients (22.5%) had clinical improvement durable for a median of 18 months (range, 3.5 to 24+). Overall response rates were 30% for anemia and 42% for splenomegaly. Moreover, 10 of 11 assessable responders who started therapy with reticulin fibrosis grade 4 experienced reductions to at least a score of 2. All eight JAK2V617F–positive responders experienced a reduction of the baseline mutant allele burden, which was greater than 50% in four, including one of whom the mutation became undetectable. Grade 3 to 4 hematologic adverse events included neutropenia (58%), anemia (42%), and thrombocytopenia (13%). Conclusion The combination of lenalidomide and prednisone induces durable clinical, molecular, and pathologic responses in MF.
Phase III Study of Pemetrexed Plus Carboplatin Compared With Etoposide Plus Carboplatin in Chemotherapy-Naive Patients With Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Socinski Mark A. , Smit Egbert F. , Lorigan Paul , Konduri Kartik , Reck Martin , Szczesna Aleksandra , Blakely Johnetta , Serwatowski Piotr , Karaseva Nina A. , Ciuleanu Tudor , Jassem Jacek , Dediu Mircea , Hong Shengyan , Visseren-Grul Carla , Hanauske Axel-Rainer , Obasaju Coleman K. , Guba Susan C. , Thatcher Nick 
Published: September 2009

Purpose Following a phase II trial in which pemetrexed-platinum demonstrated similar activity to that of historical etoposide-platinum controls, a phase III study was conducted to compare pemetrexed-carboplatin with etoposide-carboplatin for the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Patients and Methods Chemotherapy-naive patients with ES-SCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of zero to 2 were randomly assigned to receive pemetrexed-carboplatin (pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 on day 1; carboplatin at area under the serum concentration-time curve [AUC] 5 on day 1) or etoposide-carboplatin (etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1 through 3; carboplatin AUC 5 on day 1) every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. The primary objective of the study was noninferiority of pemetrexed-carboplatin overall survival with a 15% margin. Results Accrual was terminated with 908 of 1,820 patients enrolled after results of a planned interim analysis. In the final analysis, pemetrexed-carboplatin was inferior to etoposide-carboplatin for overall survival (median, 8.1 v 10.6 months; hazard ratio [HR],1.56; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.92; log-rank P < .01) and progression-free survival (median, 3.8 v 5.4 months; HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.58 to 2.17; log-rank P < .01). Objective response rates were also significantly lower for pemetrexed-carboplatin (31% v 52%; P < .001). Pemetrexed-carboplatin had lower grade 3 to 4 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and leukopenia than etoposide-carboplatin; grade 3 to 4 thrombocytopenia was comparable between arms and anemia was higher in the pemetrexed-carboplatin arm. Conclusion Pemetrexed-carboplatin is inferior for the treatment of ES-SCLC. Planned translational research and pharmacogenomic analyses of tumor and blood samples may help explain the study results and provide insight into new treatment strategies.
Pomalidomide (CC4047) Plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone As Therapy for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Lacy Martha Q. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Gertz Morie A. , Dispenzieri Angela , Buadi Francis , Kumar Shaji , Greipp Philip R. , Lust John A. , Russell Stephen J. , Dingli David , Kyle Robert A. , Fonseca Rafael , Bergsagel P. Leif , Roy Vivek , Mikhael Joseph R. , Stewart A. Keith , Laumann Kristina , Allred Jacob B. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Rajkumar S. Vincent 
Published: September 2009

PurposeThalidomide and lenalidomide are immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) that produce high remission rates in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Pomalidomide is a new IMiD with high in vitro potency. We report, to our knowledge, the first phase II trial of pomalidomide administered in combination with low-dose dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.Patients and MethodsPomalidomide was administered orally at a dose of 2 mg daily on days 1 through 28 of a 28-day cycle. Dexamethasone 40 mg daily was administered orally on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each cycle. Responses were recorded using the criteria of the International Myeloma Working Group.ResultsSixty patients were enrolled. Thirty-eight patients (63%) achieved confirmed response including complete response in three patients (5%), very good partial response in 17 patients (28%), and partial response in 18 patients (30%). Responses were seen in 40% of lenalidomide-refractory patients, 37% of thalidomide-refractory patients, and 60% of bortezomib-refractory patients. Responses were seen in 74% of patients with high-risk cytogenetic or molecular markers. Toxicity consisted primarily of myelosuppression. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity consisted of anemia (5%), thrombocytopenia (3%), and neutropenia (32%). One patient (1.6%) had a thromboembolic event. The median progression-free survival time was 11.6 months and was not significantly different in patients with high-risk disease compared with patients with standard-risk disease.ConclusionThe combination of pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone is extremely active in the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma, including high response rates in patients refractory to other novel agents.
Synthesis of VOx Nanotubes by Cooperation of Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide and Tetradecylamine in Short Duration
Authors: Shen Yeqian , Peng Luming , Guo Xuefeng , Ding Weiping 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
A simple, rapid, and highly efficient method for the synthesis of uniform vanadium oxide nanotubes with the cooperation of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and tetradecylamine was successfully developed.
Comparative Magnetic Study of Electrochemically and Chemically Delithiated LixMn2O4 and LixNiO2
Authors: Mukai Kazuhiko , Sugiyama Jun 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The magnetic nature of almost fully delithiated LixMn2O4 and LixNiO2 samples, which were prepared by both an electrochemical (EC-) and chemical (C-) reaction, has been investigated by dc-susceptibility measurements. The Curie–Weiss parameters for C-Li0.07Mn2O4 are almost identical to those for EC-Li0.03Mn2O4. On the contrary, the effective magnetic moment for C-Li0.01NiO2 (1.43 μB) is roughly twice that for EC-Li0.05NiO2 (0.71 μB), suggesting that the Ni valence is not simply determined by the Li/Ni ratio for C-Li0.01NiO2.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Cytotoxic Activity of Au@TiO2 Nanopellets against Human Epithelial Carcinoma (HeLa) Cells
Authors: Abdulla-Al-Mamun Md , Kusumoto Yoshihumi , Islam Md Shariful , Yang Hailong 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The photocatalytic cytotoxicity of metallic gold-capped TiO2 (Au@TiO2) colloidal nanopellets was investigated against HeLa cells under UV–vis light irradiation. The morphological structure and the surface species of Au@TiO2 nanopellets were determined by using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD, and EDX techniques. The photocatalytic cytotoxicity of Au@TiO2 nanopellets was compared with that of TiO2 alone under the same experimental conditions. The cytotoxic effect of Au@TiO2 nanopellets was found to be 100%, whereas that of commercial TiO2 (P25) was ca. 50%.
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900): A classical case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome?
Authors: Koszka Christiane 
Published: September 2009

Summary Friedrich Nietzsche was one of the most influential and profound German philosophers. After prolonged illness, he died at the age of 55 in Weimar, Germany. The interest in his medical biography has always been strong while the cause of his illness and death has remained a mystery, intriguing philosophers as well as physicians. The diagnosis of syphilis proposed in the 19th century has been controversial until today and many other diagnoses have been discussed. This paper suggests that Nietzsche suffered from mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome.
Leonard Craske (1878–1950): From medical student to sculptor
Authors: Duke Martin 
Published: September 2009

Summary Leonard Craske (1878–1950), born and raised in London, England, spent two years as a medical student at St Thomas’ Hospital Medical School. Following this, he worked as an actor and studied drawing and sculpting. After emigrating to the USA and settling in Boston, he became an accomplished sculptor, creating the well-known Fishermen's Memorial in Gloucester, Massachusetts, the work for which he is best remembered.
Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (1900–81), pioneer of modern medicine, architect of intermediary metabolism
Authors: Leigh F W 
Published: September 2009

Summary Krebs was born in Hildesheim (North Germany) and graduated (MD) from the University of Munich in 1923. He was assistant to Otto Warburg (1926–30) who taught tissue slicing and manometry which Krebs used to complete his three great works: The Detoxification of Ammonia (Freiburg im Breisgau 1933), The Degradation of Foods to provide Energy for Life (Sheffield 1937) and Gluconeogenesis (Oxford 1963). He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London (FRS) in 1947, Nobel Laureate in 1953 and KBE in 1958.
Thromboelastography and peripartum coagulation profiles associated with caesarean section delivery
Authors: Smith R , Campbell-Owen T , Maybury H , Pavord S , Waugh J 
Published: September 2009

Thromboembolic (TE) disease remains the leading direct cause of maternal death in the UK and caesarean section increases TE risk. Women are assessed for their TE risk and may receive thromboprophylaxis. From a single blood sample thromboelastography® (TEG®) allows a test of coagulation. Blood samples from women undergoing elective caesarean sections were collected at specific stages: antenatally, following overnight ‘nil-by-mouth’, immediately after surgery, four hours post-delivery and 24 hours post-delivery. Analyses of the R time (time taken for blood to clot) and maximum amplitude (MA) (overall clot strength) were performed. Analyses of the high and moderate risks cohorts were performed and compared to the low risk group. Fifty-four women were recruited. A reduction in the R time was demonstrated following pre-operative fluid restriction and a further reduction in R time occurred after surgery. The R time increased 24 hours after surgery and became comparable to pre-operative levels. The MA changed similarly due to pre-operative fluid restriction. Analysis also showed that pre-operatively, the combined high and moderate risk groups’ R time was shorter than the low risk group. The high and moderate risk group, having received thromboprophylaxis, had similar R times 24 hours postoperatively compared to the low risk group. TEG® demonstrates that following pre-operative fluid restriction and surgery women become hypercoagulable but by 24 hours coagulation has returned to third trimester levels. Sub-group analysis suggests the relative pre-operative hypercoagulability of high and moderate risk women compared to low risk women, becoming comparable after 24 hours following thromboprophylaxis.
Deterministic Pivoting Algorithms for Constrained Ranking and Clustering Problems
Authors: van Zuylen Anke , Williamson David P. 
Published: September 2009

We consider ranking and clustering problems related to the aggregation of inconsistent information, in particular, rank aggregation, (weighted) feedback arc set in tournaments, consensus and correlation clustering, and hierarchical clustering. Ailon et al. [Ailon, N., M. Charikar, A. Newman. 2005. Aggregating inconsistent information: Ranking and clustering. Proc. 37th Annual ACM Sympos. Theory Comput. (STOC '05), 684–693], Ailon and Charikar [Ailon, N., M. Charikar. 2005. Fitting tree metrics: Hierarchical clustering and phylogeny. Proc. 46th Annual IEEE Sympos. Foundations Comput. Sci. (FOCS '05), 73–82], and Ailon [Ailon, N. 2007. Aggregation of partial rankings, p-ratings and top-m lists. Proc. 18th Annual ACM-SIAM Sympos. Discrete Algorithms (SODA '07), 415–424] proposed randomized constant factor approximation algorithms for these problems, which recursively generate a solution by choosing a random vertex as “pivot” and dividing the remaining vertices into two groups based on the pivot vertex. In this paper, we answer an open question in these works by giving deterministic approximation algorithms for these problems. The analysis of our algorithms is simpler than the analysis of the randomized algorithms. In addition, we consider the problem of finding minimum-cost rankings and clusterings that must obey certain constraints (e.g., an input partial order in the case of ranking problems), which were introduced by Hegde and Jain [Hegde, R., K. Jain. 2006. Personal communication]. We show that the first type of algorithms we propose can also handle these constrained problems. In addition, we show that in the case of a rank aggregation or consensus clustering problem, if the input rankings or clusterings obey the constraints, then we can always ensure that the output of any algorithm obeys the constraints without increasing the objective value of the solution.
Learning Method for In-Situ Soil Classification Based on Texture Characteristics
Authors: Haddani Younes , Breul Pierre , Bonton Pierre , Gourvès Roland 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Knowing the nature of a soil through its classification is a key step in understanding its behaviour. In addition to its mechanical properties, information on soil type is important for forecasting material behaviour. This requires laboratory tests that are often long and expensive. Our approach is a development of in-situ identification tests used to complement “blind” mechanical tests. A new method is proposed for obtaining in-situ soil classification based on the use of geo-endoscopy and image analysis. This technique is based on the computation of texture features in geoendoscopic images and, more particularly, second order statistical features. After a presentation of the goals of this research, this article presents the methodology proposed and the learning steps performed to achieve these goals. The second part describes the testing and selection of major textural features according to their performances and their discriminating capacities. In the last part the classification results obtained with this methodology are presented. Soil image classification has been tested successfully and achieves accuracy of over 80 % in classifying natural soil samples. Because of the fixed magnification of the camera, results presented here are strongly linked to this magnification.
Carbonation of Hydrated Portland Cement
Authors: Verbeck G 
Published: September 2009

Existing experimental and physicochemical evidence regarding carbonation of the constituents of portland cement is reviewed and indicates that substantially all of the constituents of cement are subject to ultimate carbonation under ideal conditions.
Humidity during exposure to carbon dioxide appears to be a major factor influencing the shrinkage directly produced by carbonation. Concentration of carbon dioxide and size of specimen also have important effects, possibly produced by indirect changes in humidity within the specimen. Increased subsequent volume stability to moisture change was obtained by prior carbonation.
The influence of high-pressure steam curing procedures (temperatures and duration) on some physical properties of cement pastes containing siliceous additions is presented. The amount of water vapor adsorbed at 36 per cent relative humidity is a measure of the amount and nature of the hydration product and is influenced by siliceous additions and decreased during curing at elevated temperatures. This fundamental characteristic of the hydration product is closely related to the elastic modulus, water-loss shrinkage, carbonation shrinkage, degree of carbonation, and water permeability of the paste.
The strict physicochemical significance of the phenolphthalein color test for estimating depth of penetration by carbon dioxide gas is questioned.
The Alkali-Aggregate Phase of Chemical Reactivity in Concrete—Part II: Deleterious Reactions Observed in Field Concrete Structures
Authors: Hester JA , Smith 1 OF 
Published: September 2009

Part I of this series2 included several chemical experiments designed to explain and illustrate the reactions between the alkali hydroxides and several types of reactive silica. As a result of these reactions a number of conclusions can be formed; however, the following are the more directly related to the second part of this series.
1. The reaction between alkali and reactive aggregate is greatly aided by the regeneration of the alkali by lime.
2. Reactivity between comparatively low-alkali concentrations and certain types of reactive aggregate will proceed under conditions favorable to the reaction.
3. From a controlled set of mortar bars that were allowed to react for a period of 46 months, analysis showed that the total acid soluble silica in each bar varied directly with the alkali content and the total expansion.
4. By the addition of controlled amounts of certain types of finely divided silica, it is possible to reduce or even eliminate expansion in concrete due to alkali aggregate activity.
Electrode Potential: A Tool for the Control of Materials and Processes in Electron Device Fabrication: II. EMF Studies of the Behavior of 36 Per Cent Nickel-Iron Alloy in Hydrogen Peroxide — Formic Acid Etchants
Authors: Feder D. O. , Howden W. E. , Huff D. R. , Richards J. W. 
Published: September 2009

Mixtures of formic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water have successfully been used to clean or etch a variety of metals for use in electron device fabrication. Although in most cases the rate of etching is easily controlled, for certain materials, such as the 36 per cent nickel-iron alloy studied, apparently minor variations in either the structure of the material or in the composition of the etchant appear to have a disproportionate effect on the etching rate.
This paper describes the use of electrode potential measurements in predicting the etching behavior of this nickel-iron alloy (invar) and in showing how the etching (and potential) behavior is related to variations in etchant composition and metallurgical state of the alloy.
The results indicate quite clearly the utility of emf techniques both for characterizing subtle changes in bulk metallurgical properties of the alloy and in studying the solution variables which control the etch-cleaning process. In addition, emf measurements are shown to provide a simple, sensitive technique for monitoring and controlling this type of cleaning process.
Recommended Practices for Safe Handling of Beryllium Oxide Ceramics
Authors: Ferreira Laurence E. 
Published: September 2009

Beryllium oxide ceramics are presently available for use by the electronics industry. The toxic history of beryllium and its compounds has caused great concern in the minds of persons desiring to use them; however the danger can be eliminated when adequate consideration is given to the major problem in the handling of beryllium-containing compounds—that of limiting the concentration of any beryllium compound in the air, measured as beryllium, below the limits prescribed by the Atomic Energy Commission. These limits are: In-Plant: The 8-hr average air beryllium concentration must be kept below 2 μg per cu m. At no time shall the beryllium air concentration be greater than 25 μg per cu m. Out-Plant: The 30-day average of out-plant breathing zone samples shall not exceed 0.01 μg per cu m.
These limits of air contamination can and are being maintained without great cost or difficulty in beryllia processing facilities.
The toxicity of beryllia ceramics is associated with fine particles of beryllia which can be inhaled. Clean, fired beryllia ceramics present no toxic problem.
To handle beryllia ceramics properly the following program is recommended: (1) Develop a medical program, the scope of which is dependent on the nature of the material being processed; (2) set up a clean separate area for handling beryllia that includes the proper protection equipment for processing beryllia ceramics; (3) monitor the air and surface contaminants in the area; and (4) keep a record of the operation.