bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSIS OF IRON DEFICIENCY
Authors: Rybo Elisabeth 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTHaematological variables were studied in a randomised population sample of 372 38‐year‐old women resident in Gothenburg, Sweden during the period 1968–69. The participation rate was 91.4 %. The study was performed to evaluate the laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency. The haematological investigation included determination of haemoglobin concentration, erythro‐cyte and reticulocyte counts, serum iron concentration, total iron binding capacity, packed cell volume, sternal bone marrow aspiration with estimation of stainable iron in the reticuloendothelial cells, sideroblast count, iron absorption test with 59Fein a whole‐body counter and determination of menstrual blood loss. Serum ferritin concentrations were later determined on samples which had been frozen for 10 years. Eighty‐nine women with no or only traces of reticuloendothelial iron in the bone marrow completed a double‐blind supplementation trial, in which iron and placebo therapy were compared.Determination of stainable iron in the reticuloendothelial cells of the bone marrow was used as a direct method for the evaluation of iron stores. In 31.5 % of the women there was no reticulendothelial iron and in 14.3 % there were only traces. Of the indirect methods compared with the bone marrow method the serum ferritin concentration and iron absorption gave the highest correlations. A high correlation was also observed between menstrual blood loss and the content of reticuloendothelial iron. An arbitrarily chosen scale for the estimation of the amount of stainable reticuloendothelial iron in the bone marrow was used for these correlation analyses.The differences in mean corpuscular haemoglobin, transferrin saturation, sideroblast count, iron absorption, and menstrual blood loss were all highly statistically significant when the series of women with no or only traces of reticuloendothelial iron in the bone marrow were compared to those with clearly visible or abundant amounts of stainable iron. There were no significant differences concerning these variables between women who had no traces of stainable iron and those who had only traces of stain‐able iron. Increased iron absorption was found in women with a lack of stainable iron in the reticuloendothelial cells compared to women with stainable iron, irrespective of sideroblast count.The results from the iron supplementation study indicates that the haemoglobin concentration values of many of the women, although being within the normal range, were suboptimal for the individual woman. However, we considered it not possible to ascertain which women were responders to iron therapy, as a comparison between the effects of iron and placebo could not be made for the individual subject.According to multivariate analysis, determination of serum ferritin concentration was the most valuable indirect method for the diagnosis of depleted iron stores, and we are of the opinion that serum ferritin determination may replace bone marrow examination in the diagnosis of iron deficiency in women with or without anaemia who are otherwise healthy.
EFFECT OF IRON SUPPLEMENTATION TO WOMEN WITH IRON DEFICIENCY
Authors: Rybo Elisabeth , Bengtsson Calle , Hallberg Leif , Odén Anders 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe response to iron therapy in 38‐year‐old women was studied in an iron supplementation trial. Women with no or only traces of reticuloendothelial iron in bone marrow samples received in a double‐blind fashion tablets containing 37 mg ferrous iron or placebo three times daily. The women in the iron supplementation group increased significantly more their haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume than the women in the placebo group. The average increase in haemoglobin concentration was 7.5 g/l. Approximately 75 % of the women in the iron supplementation group increased their haemoglobin concentration in spite of the fact that only 20 % had pretreat‐ment concentrations below 120 g/l. We found no differences in change of haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, serum iron concentration, total iron binding capacity or transferrin saturation between subjects with no reticuloendothelial iron and women with only traces of reticuloendothelial iron. We considered it impossible to define “responders” to iron therapy in an acceptable way by means of the iron supplementation test described in this paper.
Identification of non‐T non‐B lymphocyte leukaemia patients with favourable prognosis by cell surface glycoprotein analysis
Authors: Siimes Martti A. , Andersson Leif C. , Gahmberg Carl G. 
Published: August 2010

Leukaemic cells from 15 children with ALL were isolated and their surface glycoproteins labelled with 3H after treatment with neuraminidase and galactose oxidase followed by NaB3H4. The labelled glycoproteins were separated by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and visualized by flourography. The cells could be classified into four groups: 1) Surface glycoprotein pattern resembling that of normal T lymphocyte (one patient); 2) Surface glycoprotein pattern showing some T cell characteristics (5 patients); 3) Surface glycoprotein profile with strongly labelled glycoproteins of apparent molecular weight of 120 000 and 130 000, and frequently a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 210000 and visible HLA‐coded glycoproteins (6 patients); 4) Surface glycoprotein pattern not resembling those of the other groups (3 patients).Follow‐up showed that patients in group 3 have remained in their initial remission (5/6) for the complete study period of 5–6 yr, whereas all patients in the other groups have relapsed and/or died. We conclude that the surface glycoprotein analysis enables the identification of patients with non‐T non‐B ALL with favourable prognosis.
Predictive value of bone marrow cultures in 48 patients with acute myeloblasts leukaemia or myelodysplasia both secondary to treatment of other malignant diseases
Authors: Mortensen B. Thing , Pedersen‐Bjergaard J. , Pedersen N. Tinggaard , Westrup M. , Ersbøll J. , Philip P. , Nissen N. I. 
Published: August 2010

The growth pattern of bone marrow cells in agar cultures was studied in 48 patients with acute myeloblasts leukaemia or myelodysplasia, secondary to cytoreductive treatment, and compared to other laboratory findings. At diagnosis the status of the patients was: acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) in 9, acute myeloproliferative syndrome (AMS) in 13 and preleukaemic syndrome (PL) in 26 patients. 20 of the 39 patients with AMS and PL developed acute leukaemia, 15 of them within 1 year. 15 died of complications to cytopenia and only 4 are still alive and without leukaemia, observed from 8 to 55 months.Progression to AML was predicted from the agar cultures by increased cluster growth. Among 18 patients with increased cluster growth at diagnosis 14 subsequently developed AML. Among 21 patients with normal or decreased cluster growth at diagnosis 6 patients developed AML, but after conversion of the growth pattern to increased cluster growth. In 2 patients the increased cluster growth disappeared spontaneously and the patients are long‐term leukaemia‐free survivors.Colony growth pattern, conversely, was not related to leukaemic progression. Only 1 patient had normal growth pattern at diagnosis with respect to both clusters and colonies. Survival was short, with a median of about 7 months, unrelated to growth pattern and leukaemic progression.
Flow cytometric characterization of the lymphocyte composition in a variety of mucosal tissues in healthy rhesus macaques
Authors: Schultheiss Tina , Stolte‐Leeb Nicole , Sopper Sieghart , Stahl‐Hennig Christiane 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground  Rhesus monkeys play a central role in model studies on human infectious diseases, and often mucosal organs are affected by these pathogens, e.g. HIV. However, a comparative investigation into lymphocyte composition from different mucosal tissues is still missing.Methods  Lymphocyte composition of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, vagina, cervix, uterus and bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy rhesus monkeys was characterized in detail by flow cytometry. Moreover, we compared the lymphocyte proportions from intestinal biopsies with resections.Results  All mucosal tissues exhibited higher values of CD8+, CD4+ CCR5+ and CD45RA− memory T cells than blood, but similar levels of total T cells. Especially within the four gut sites, the lymphocyte composition varied significantly. The relative proportions of lymphocyte subsets from duodenal and colonic biopsies compared to resections differed.Conclusion  The lymphocyte composition highly varies between different mucosal sites, and data obtained from biopsy and necropsy samples were mostly not comparable.
Attitudes of South African oral hygienists towards compulsory community service
Authors: Bhayat A , Yengopal V , Rudolph MJ , Naidoo U , Vayej A 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Compulsory Community Service (CCS) was introduced into the health service by the government to address the shortage and maldistribution of health professionals within the public sector. The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of oral hygiene (OH) students, registered in 2004 at the five dental universities regarding the introduction of a 1‐year‐long CCS.Objectives:  To determine: (a) the students’ socio‐demographic profile and (b) their attitudes towards CCS.Methods:  A self‐administered questionnaire was hand delivered to all OH students who were registered during 2004 at the respective dental universities.Results:  The study yielded a response rate of 70% (109) with the average age of participants being 21.4 years. Most students were female (94%) and more than half were White (52%). More than half (53%) did not want to perform CCS even though 75% acknowledged its’ importance. The most common concern for not supporting CCS was security (89%). Ninety per cent (90%) indicated that their preferred tasks would be to engage in clinical work and oral health promotion.Conclusion:  Although the majority of participants supported the principles of CCS, a significant number were against the introduction citing security as their main concern. Most of the students preferred to perform clinical work and preventive programmes during their CCS.
Evaluation of a 7‐year school‐based community dental hygiene programme in Portugal by high school teachers
Authors: Assunção VA , Luis HS , Bernardo MF , Martin MD , Leroux B , DeRouen TA , Leitão JM 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Objectives:  To obtain high school teachers evaluation of a Community Dental Hygiene programme, developed as part of a clinical trial designed to assess the safety of low‐level mercury exposure from amalgam restorations.Methods:  A questionnaire to assess programme evaluation, personal opinion on programme relevance and satisfaction with activities was distributed among teachers. It had a total of 22 questions organized into three groups.Results:  A total of 25 questionnaires were obtained from teachers who participated in the programme. Ninety‐two per cent of the respondents had a positive opinion concerning the existence of the programme. Eighty‐eight per cent of the teachers believed that the programme changed student’s knowledge about dental hygiene. Ninety‐two per cent of teachers supported the existence of the programme and 88% of them disagreed with a statement that participation in the programme was a waste of time. Teachers who did not collaborate actively with dental hygiene activities indicated belief that the programme affected school activities (P = 0.003). Teachers who actively participated in the programme believe that dental hygiene activities were important for students (P = 0.005).Conclusions:  Teacher evaluations of this kind of programme are critical for the development of school‐based Dental Hygiene Education programmes. Teachers believe that Dental Hygiene Education is crucial for students’ well‐being.
Craniofacial cephalometric morphology in children with CATCH 22 syndrome
Authors: Heliövaara A , Hurmerinta K 
Published: August 2010

Structured abstractAuthors – Heliövaara A, Hurmerinta KObjectives – To evaluate cephalometrically the craniofacial, pharyngeal and cervical morphology in children with CATCH 22, and to compare and quantify the findings with age‐ and sex‐matched controls.Design – A retrospective case–control study.Setting and Sample Population –Forty‐one children (20 girls) with CATCH 22 were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls from lateral cephalograms taken at the mean age of 8.5 years (range 5.8–12.9). The deletion of 22q11 was verified by fluorescencein situhybridization techniques. Thirteen of the children with CATCH 22 had palatal clefts.Outcome measure – Linear and angular measurements were obtained from lateral cephalograms. A Student'st‐test and a paired Student'st‐test were used in the statistical analysis. Standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated to quantify the variation.Results – Children with CATCH 22 had obtuse cranial base angles and long anterior cranial bases. Their faces were long with increased facial convexity. The maxillae were long but both jaws were retrognathic and the lower jaws posteriorly diverged. The pharynges were wide in the nasopharyngeal area and narrow in the hypopharyngeal area. The development of the hyoid bones was delayed, and hyoid bone and atlas lengths were reduced. The morphology of the children with CATCH 22 with and without a palatal cleft was similar. Despite several statistically significant differences between the children with CATCH 22 and the controls, the SDS did not exceed ±2 for any of the measurements.Conclusion – Children with CATCH 22 have several minor distinctive morphological features in the craniofacial, pharyngeal, and cervical areas.
Thomas Pynchon: Realism in an Age of Ontological Uncertainty?
Authors: Watson Cate 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper considers literary realism in the novels of Thomas Pynchon as a means to examine the ways in which realism is embedded within a post‐modern context. After first considering some of the problems surrounding the concept of realism – its historical lineage, conflation with philosophical realism and the changing nature of reality itself – I discuss Pynchon's novels in terms of his technological construction of reality effects within a context of ontological doubt. I suggest that in Pynchon we arrive at what might be called a ‘baroque realism’, which draws on the Deleuzian metaphor of the fold, and is concerned with questions of illusion and reality, paradox and complexity in tune with the ontological uncertainty that characterises the age.
Tight Junctional Damage in Experimental Mumps‐Associated Hydrocephalus
Authors: UNO Masaaki , TAKANO Tomoyuki , YAMANO Tsunekazu , SHIMADA Morimi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTight junctions in the central nervous system (CNS) are a major component of brain barriers including the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and blood‐CSF barrier, which regulate solute entry and protect against invasion by microorganisms. In this study, we examined the breach of tight junctions in mumps virus‐induced hydrocephalic brain in hamsters using antibodies to Laminin B1 chain and zonula occludentes (ZO‐1) immuno‐histochemistry, and evaluated the role of tight junctions in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus after mumps virus infection.In suckling hamsters intracerebrally inoculated with mumps virus, severe periventricular edema, ependymal cell loss, and ventricular dilation were observed. ZO‐1‐immunoreactive tight junctions in the hydrocephalic brains were severely damaged in the choroid plexus and ependyma, and in white matter capillaries as early as 3 days after inoculation. These changes were suspected to increase the permeability in blood‐brain and blood‐CSF barriers, leading to periventricular edema. We concluded that the pathologic features of mumps virus‐induced hydrocephalus are intimately related to the breach of tight junctions.
Methamphetamine‐Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: Effects on Neostriatal Monoamines and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
Authors: FUKUMURA Masao , CAPPON Gregg D. , PU Cunfeng , BROENING Harry W. , VORHEES Charles V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn order to investigate methamphetamine (MA)‐induced neurotoxicity, two studies were carried out.In the first study, MA‐induced neostriatal monoamine depletions in male and female Sprague‐Dawley CD rats were studied under conditions in which the magnitude of MA‐induced hyperthermia was comparable between the sexes. MA (5 or 10 mg/kg) or saline (3 ml/kg) was administered s.c. four times at two hr intervals. Rectal temperatures were monitored for 9 hours in a room with an ambient temperature of 23° 2°C. Animals were sacrificed three days post‐treatment for the determination of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT). MA induced significant monoamine reductions but the magnitude of these reductions and of the hyperthermic responses were not significantly different between males and females. Unlike reports in mice, gender does not play a role in MA‐induced monoamine reductions in rat neostriatum when MA‐induced hyperthermia is comparable across sexes.In the second study, the neurotoxic effects of a single administration of MA were investigated. After a single dose of MA (10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline (3 ml/kg) to Sprague‐Dawley CD male rats, rectal temperatures were monitored for 9 hours. Neostriatal DA, 5HT, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assayed 3 days following MA treatment. MA induced significant dose‐dependent hyperthermia. MA also induced dose‐dependent reductions of DA, 5‐HT and TH, and increases of GFAP.These results demonstrate that a single‐dose of MA can be as effective as the widely used four‐dose regimen, provided ambient temperature is modestly increased. A single‐dose model offers advantages for mechanistic studies, especially those employing antagonists or other agents thought to be neuroprotective.
CHANGE OF FAT CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF TURKISH HAZELNUTS (CORYLUS AVELLANA L.) DURING STORAGE
Authors: KOYUNCU MEHMET ALI 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) were collected from three different cultivars (Tombul, Palaz and Kalınkara) at the harvest season of 1996. The dried nuts were stored shelled and unshelled in polyethylene bags at 21C and 60–65% relative humidity for 12 months. During storage, the total fat content increased, the palmitic and oleic acid content of the oil increased, linoleic acid, ranged from 12.41 to 10.35%. No significant differences were found for other fatty acids during storage. The effect of storage of shelled and unshelled hazelnuts on the total fat content was significant.
RADIATION CONTROL OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN SHRIMP
Authors: BANDEKAR J. R. , CHANDER R. , NERKAR D. P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of a radicidation process using 1 kGy of gamma radiation was evaluated with respect to the destruction of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in shrimp. D10 values of this pathogen ranged from 0.03 kGy in frozen buffer to 0.10 kGy in naturally contaminated frozen shrimp. The efficacy of the process was demonstrated.
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE — PROTEIN COMPLEX AS POTENT VACCINE AGAINST SALMONELLOSIS
Authors: CHANDER RAMESH , LEWIS NORMAN F. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTLipopolysaccharide‐protein (LPS‐P) vaccine prepared from cells of S. typhimurium contains 11% protein. Immunization of mice with LPS‐P intraperitoneally at a dose level of 50 μg/mouse conferred 100% protection against subsequent challenge with S. typhimurium and seven other strains of Salmonella each possessing typical O‐antigen determinants. The immunity lasts for six months and the vaccine is equally effective in all six strains of mice studied. The lyophilized LPS‐P preparation is stable for eighteen months, thus providing opportunity for large scale field trial experiments.
E. COLI 0157:H7 ‐CURRENT CONCEPTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: NEILL MARGUERITE A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT The list of food‐borne pathogens now includes Escherichia coli serotype 0157:H7. This previously rare E. coli serotype was first recognized in 1982 as the causative agent of outbreaks of a bloody diarrheal syndrome known as hemorrhagic colitis. Since then, infection with this organism has been described throughout North and South America and western Europe, in healthy persons and those with chronic diseases, and in all age groups. Transmission appears to be largely food‐borne through foods of animal origin; person to person transmission has occurred. The hemolytic uremic syndrome occurs as a complication in approximately 10% of infected persons and may result in chronic renal failure and death. Infection with E. coli 0157:H7 appears to be increasing and strategies for prevention of disease are urgently needed for this important public health pathogen.
INCIDENCE AND DIARRHEGENIC POTENTIAL OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN PASTEURIZED MILK AND CEREAL PRODUCTS IN THAILAND
Authors: CHITOV T. , DISPAN R. , KASINRERK W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTBacillus cereus, bacteria that commonly occur in foods, can potentially cause foodborne illness. Two important factors that contribute to the illness are the number of B. cereus in food and the ability of the organism to produce enterotoxins. This study investigated the number of B. cereus cells in dairy and cereal products in Thailand, using the plate count method and the presence of diarrheal‐enterotoxin genes in the isolates through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genes encoding hemolysin BL (hblA, hblC, hblD), nonhemolytic enterotoxin (nheA, nheB, nheC), cytotoxin K (cytK) and enterotoxin FM (entFM) were the targets of the PCR. B. cereus was found in all pasteurized milk samples and in 37.7% of the cereal product samples, ranging from 50 to 1.7 × 103 cfu/g. PCR results revealed that each gene occurred in more than half of the foodborne isolates tested. A large proportion (96%) of the isolates harbored enterotoxin genes and is considered to be potentially diarrhegenic.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSignificant frequency of Bacillus cereus contamination in pasteurized milk and cereal products, and the large proportion of diarrhegenic strains among foodborne B. cereus indicate the high risk of foodborne illness that could be caused by consumption of these foods in Thailand. This suggests that B. cereus should not be disregarded in its significance in disease control and prevention programs. Also, as complete elimination of this organism from pasteurized milk and most of the cereal products through the processing steps is not possible, proper handling and storage of these foods should be strictly applied by the food industry. This is necessary in order to prevent the growth of the organism to levels that can cause foodborne illness. This research is also relevant to other developing countries having similar situations as Thailand, where data concerning the number of B. cereus in foods, frequency of contamination and proportion of enterotoxigenic B. cereus are limited, and where B. cereus gastroenteritis could be underestimated.