bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Drama
Authors: Baggott Jim , Heilbron John L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It was not a question of whether light should be pictured as waves or particles, or atoms as solar systems, but of whether the microworld could be pictured at all. The famous debate between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr reached beyond quantum physics to the deepest foundations of science. Faced with the ever more perplexing ‘irrationalities’, Bohr, Einstein, and their followers fell into two broadly opposed camps. Bohr’s approach of ‘complementarity’ accommodated the apparent absurdities of the microworld, declared quantum concepts to be purely ‘symbolic’, and insisted that the manifestation of quantum phenomena in experiment be discussed only in the language of classical physics. He asserted that quantum theory was mathematically coherent and complete. Einstein could not accept Bohr’s ‘tranquilizing philosophy’, which dealt in probabilities rather than certainties. He insisted that physicists look more deeply for the causes of entanglement and rejected the spooky actions at a distance that this implies. Their discussion, respectful and profound, reached stasis in the mid-1930s with the apparent victory of Bohr, while attention shifted to nuclear and particle physics. But their arguments continued to reverberate, and later physicists identified testable consequences of the theory. Ingenious experiments have now confirmed its radical strangeness. Vividly capturing the personalities and interactions of a remarkable cast of characters, the prevailing socio-political circumstances, and threaded through with explanations of theory and experiment, this erudite and carefully crafted telling by Jim Baggott and John Heilbron may prove to be the definitive account of the Bohr–Einstein debate and its legacy.
A Century of Anarchy?
Authors: Simon Hendrik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the beginning there was anarchy—but was there? The nineteenth century is (mis)understood as a century in which states were free to wage war against each other whenever they deemed it politically necessary. Not until the League of Nations, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, and the UN Charter was this ‘free right to go to war’ (liberum ius ad bellum) gradually outlawed. The dark times of anarchy were over. Lighter times dawned—and, with them, ‘radical transformations’ of international law and politics. This story of progress is widely shared. But it is puzzling. For a ‘free right to go to war’ has never been empirically proven. By outlining a genealogy of modern war justifications and drawing on multiple political and normative discourses, A Century of Anarchy? argues that this ‘right’ actually never existed (Part I). Rather, it was an invention by realist legal scholars in Imperial Germany who argued against the mainstream of European liberalism (Part II). Paradoxically, this now forgotten Sonderweg reading was universalized in international historiographies after the World Wars. But the characterization of nineteenth-century international relations as anarchic is as inaccurate as it is widespread: in addition to deconstructing the myth of liberum ius ad bellum, this book traces the political and theoretical roots of the modern prohibition of war in the ‘long nineteenth century’ (1789–1918). The latter is not to be understood as the anarchic photo-negative of the modern international order governing the use of force. It was the era of its birth.
Birth of an International Order
Authors: Simon Hendrik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dialectically, the French Revolution was a violent catalyst for the emergence of the nineteenth-century international order. Following Paul W. Schroeder, Chapter 4 identifies the Vienna Congress of 1814/15 as a ‘decisive turning point’: the chapter’s central argument is that the modern international order governing the use of force was born in ‘Vienna 1814/15’. In response to the trauma of the Revolution, the European Great Powers created a new normative framework for the (de)legitimization of war, with a prohibition of war as a yet uncodified emerging norm at its centre (Chapter 4.2). The chapter then addresses the Vienna Order’s highly paradoxical normative regulation of collective force, with a special focus on so-called ‘measures short of war’, and, more specifically, on anti-revolutionary and ‘humanitarian’ interventions in the first half of the nineteenth century (Chapter 4.3).
Money Flows
Authors: De Vries Catherine , Doyle David , Solaz Hector , Tertytchnaya Katerina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Remittances, the repatriated earnings of emigrant workers, have risen spectacularly in recent decades. They are a crucial lifeline for the households that receive them and one of the largest sources of capital for developing economies, outstripping both aid and foreign direct investment. Money Flows studies how remittances shape the relationship between remittance recipients and the authorities in migrant-sending countries by providing a comprehensive study of the political effects of remittances on the attitudes of their recipients. It argues that far from being an exclusively economic risk-sharing mechanism between poorer, migrant-sending, and richer, migrant-receiving economies, remittances may compromise rudimentary accountability mechanisms in the developing world. Money Flows leverages survey data from Central-Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and original focus groups from Kyrgyzstan. It shows how remittances, and fluctuations in their volume, colour recipients’ economic evaluations; shape the burden of corruption; and change how recipients interact with, and view their state, ultimately impacting the approval function of the authorities.
Ramism and the Reformation of Method
Authors: Burton Simon J. G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This book offers the first in-depth discussion of the philosophical and theological presuppositions of the early modern movement of Ramism for more than a generation, arguing for its deep roots in medieval Augustinian and Franciscan thought and charting its uptake in Reformed scholasticism. In doing so, it challenges a widespread narrative associating Reformed Protestantism with disenchantment and the onset of secularism. The work traces a broad arc from Ramus to Comenius, encompassing both Continental and British varieties of Ramism. It examines the nature and formation of Ramism and its subsequent development and transformation through engagement with Philippist, scholastic, Lullist, and federal thought. It shows that at the heart of Ramism, unifying all of its diverse strands, was a Franciscan vision of Christian philosophy and it reveals the connection of Ramism to an eclectic, Scotistic approach to reality embodied in a sophisticated Realism and exemplarism. It considers the development of Ramism as a supernatural logic of faith. It highlights the relation of Ramism to a wider mathematization and systematization of knowledge grounded in the reforms of Nicholas of Cusa and the Fabrists. It thus exposes the deep roots of the early modern encyclopaedia in medieval and Renaissance thought. It finally reveals the presence of an important Edenic paradigm within Ramism, issuing in a Trinitarian and eschatological drive for the universal reform of Church and society.
University in Canada
Authors: Warsh Cheryl Krasnick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
At fifteen, Oldham entered Victoria College, a feeder school for McGill University, and she moved on to Montreal, Quebec, after two years. Too young to visit the nightclubs in the lively city, she played sports and studied biochemistry, awed by her brilliant colleagues, and she found her niche in pharmacology, a discipline based on animal research. With no work for a female science graduate in the Depression years, she returned for graduate studies under Raymond Stehle, completing a thesis on the pituitary glands of frogs. With no work prospects, Oldham remained at Stehle’s lab until he recommended her for Eugene Geiling’s new pharmacology laboratory at the University of Chicago, where (Mr) Frances Oldham was offered a scholarship. Oldham accepted, and then told Geiling she was a woman. He offered her a scholarship for doctoral studies, and she was off to a new country and a department she would call home for a decade.
The Early Washington Years
Authors: Warsh Cheryl Krasnick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Both Kelseys found employment in Washington: Frances at the FDA and Ellis at NIH. Frances befriended Barbara Moulton, an ex-FDA reviewer who exposed cozy relationships between FDA officials and pharmaceutical executives. On her first New Drug Applications, Kelsey reviewed medical studies, while other scientists reviewed the chemistry and pharmacology. She found many studies shoddily executed, if not falsified, and highlighted addictive substances. The Bureau included a small group of underpaid scientists, and women were not fully welcomed.
The Battle of the Lady and the Dragon
Authors: Warsh Cheryl Krasnick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 1962, Senator Kefauver’s subcommittee discussed amendments to the 1938 FDA Act to regulate drug safety and efficacy, but industry and AMA opposition stymied substantive changes. Kefauver staffer Lucille Went leaked Helen Taussig’s article on Kelsey’s role in banning thalidomide to the Washington Post’s Morton Mintz, whose story made international headlines. Kelsey was an instant heroine, and Kefauver recommended her for the President’s Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service. The Kennedy administration reversed previous opposition to drug reform and gave Kelsey the award, confirming Kelsey’s status as one of 1962’s most famous women. She was swamped with letters, interview requests, awards, and public invitations. News coverage was gendered, focusing on her appearance, dependence on her husband’s advice, and her maternal instincts rather than her professional expertise. Unlike earlier characterizations of female physicians as spinsters, Kelsey was portrayed as an ideal working mother, a comforting image in a period of Cold War domestic containment.
The Good Mother of Science
Authors: Warsh Cheryl Krasnick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Kelsey received thousands of letters from the public. Gratitude was contextualized in Cold War fears of atomic radiation and environmental poisoning. Radiation fear postponed German physicians’ publicizing thalidomide birth defects. Physically challenged individuals were rarer and less tolerated publicly than in previous centuries, which added to the thalidomide horror. Sample letters are presented in this chapter, in which gratitude was often religiously framed, as Kelsey was characterized as savior from chemical abominations. Physicians were no longer seen as all-knowing and powerful. Male power brokers were distrusted. The letter writers admired Kelsey’s steadfast stance against drug companies and politicians. Family and old friends sent congratulations and reminiscences.
Policing Informed Consent, 1960s–1990s
Authors: Warsh Cheryl Krasnick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Kelsey helped create the Investigational Review Boards (IRBs), which oversaw the review boards the Kefauver–Harris amendments required to ensure institutional clinical studies obtained informed consent and were ethically sound. Many researchers objected that IRBs interfered with the doctor–patient relationship. Kelsey explained the system to the public and stakeholders, and trained field officers. The Stough–Wisdom scandal, in which prisoners were used for multiple trials while the administrators got rich, became a cause-célèbre, as concerns about how prisoners and other institutionalized subjects could give true consent grew. Jessica Mitford’s Atlantic Monthly expose of prison trials put the FDA on the defensive, but Kelsey reminded her superiors that with a small staff and budget, it was impossible to oversee all institutions. Trials based in private offices came under her purview, including instances where physicians attempted to fraudulently report their practices. The use of nursing home residences and street people as clinical subjects was examined.
Lasting Memorials, Everyday Happenings
Authors: Warsh Cheryl Krasnick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
At the age of seventy-nine, Kelsey suffered a debilitating spinal injury while on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, for a groundbreaking ceremony of the Frances Kelsey Secondary School. She returned to Victoria, BC, when an asteroid was named for her. She remained director of the DSI until 1995, and then was tasked with organizing her files for posterity. She continued to be interviewed by new generations learning of her achievements and, in 1990, was the first recipient of the F. O. Kelsey Award of the American Medical Women Writers Association. The FDA held receptions for her, where she was the agency’s heroine, particularly for women scientists. In 2015, living with her daughter in London, Ontario, she received the Order of Canada at 101 years of age, and passed away that evening.
Epilogue
Authors: Warsh Cheryl Krasnick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Kelsey was called both heroic and obstructionist, but she was always progressive in establishing guidelines for future researchers and regulators. She was well suited to her FDA position, especially in policy planning and enforcement. She was a pioneering female scientist in the nascent field of pharmacology. After a lifetime of encountering glass ceilings, she created pathways for women scientists and bureaucrats. Her secure base of family and friends nourished her spirit as she faced the challenges of employment as a federal government scientist while under public scrutiny. Her greatest skill was successfully negotiating around hostile drug lobbyists, politicians, and even colleagues for a decades-long career.
The Pursuit
Authors: Paul T.V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the key motivations behind and constraints on the Indian elite’s international status quest. It starts with the consideration of India’s status as a socio-psychological phenomenon pursued by nation-states. National leaders hold great regard for higher status for reasons of socio-psychological and material advancement. In international politics, status enhancement appears to be one of the key motivating factors of large and even small states in their national strategies. The chapter then elaborates on the interplay between status considerations and security that is driving state choices on foreign or security policy, while exploring India’s search for greater status.
Hard Power
Authors: Paul T.V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the achievements and challenges that India faced in its quest for status while considering the key hard-power markers. These ingredients are essential for status enhancement, accommodation by established powers, and recognition by non-great power states. The hard-power markers range from military capabilities to economic capacity, technological advances, and demography. A key hard-power resource that an aspiring power should possess for status enhancement today is the appropriate mix of a working-age population. India has this demographic dividend, but its utilization has not been up to the higher levels required for major status advancement or economic progress. The chapter mentions that aspiring great powers must consider whether their hard power is of consequence to other leading actors in the international arena.
Introduction
Authors: Zhang Angela Huyue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents two opposing views regarding the Chinese government's recent crackdown on the tech sector. The majority view, held by critics, asserts that political motivations primarily drive the wave of tech regulation. In contrast, proponents argue that China is merely following a global trend of regulating Big Tech. This chapter proposes that neither view is complete. Instead, it introduces a dynamic pyramid model to shed light on China's unique regulatory system, drawing parallels between Chinese regulation and a high-wire circus act in terms of hierarchy, volatility, and fragility. The chapter explain in detail how these three main features of Chinese regulatory model interact with each other through various channels, forming a complex network via multiple feedback loops. In the end, the chapter offers a roadmap that outlines the structure of the book.
The Traces of Jacques Derrida's Cinema
Authors: Holland Timothy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Situated at the intersection of film and media studies, literary theory, and continental philosophy, The Traces of Jacques Derrida’s Cinema provides a trenchant account of the role of cinema in the oeuvre of one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century, Jacques Derrida (1930–2004). The book is animated by Derrida’s self-confessed passion for the movies, his reluctance to write about film despite the range of his corpus, and the generative encounters arising between his legacy and the field of film and media studies as a result. Given the expanse of its references, interdisciplinarity, and consideration of Derrida’s approach to the experience of both spectatorship and the act of being filmed, The Traces of Jacques Derrida’s Cinema contributes to the ongoing close analyses of the philosopher’s work while also providing a rigorous introduction to deconstruction. The book interweaves historical and speculative modes of research and writing to articulate the peripheral place of the cinematic medium for Derrida and his philosophical enterprise. The outcome is a meticulously detailed survey of the centers and margins of Derrida’s oeuvre that incorporate his appearances in films; his unrealized or hypothetical project on cinema and belief; the correspondences between the strategies of deconstruction and David Lynch’s cinematic media; and the questions wedded to both the legitimization and future of film studies amid the vicissitudes of the modern, virtual university.
The Outrageous Idea of Christian Scholarship
Authors: Marsden George M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This book is a thought-provoking text on the relationship between religious faith and intellectual scholarship. The book argues that mainstream American higher education needs to be more open to explicit expressions of faith and to accept what faith means in an intellectual context. The book points out that while other defining elements of a scholar’s identity, such as race or gender, are routinely taken into consideration, the perspective of the believing Christian is dismissed as irrelevant or antithetical to scholarly enterprise. The book rebuts the various arguments commonly given for excluding religious viewpoints, such as the argument that faith is insufficiently empirical for scholarly pursuits, the fear that traditional Christianity will reassert its historical role as oppressor of divergent views, and the received dogma of the separation of church and state, which stretches far beyond the actual law in the popular imagination. The book argues that scholars have both a religious and an intellectual obligation not to leave their deeply held religious beliefs at the gate of the academy. Such beliefs, it contends, can make a significant difference in scholarship, in campus life, and in countless other ways.
Introduction
Authors: Stepien Rafal K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Introduction outlines relevant developments in the study of Buddhist, and more broadly non-Western, philosophy and exposes the Eurocentrism insidiously at work within them. This leads directly to critical discussion of the very paradigms used both to structure and to demarcate scholarship on ‘philosophy’, ‘religion’, and thus also ‘philosophy of religion’. Using Nāgārjuna as a theoretical counterbalance, the (largely unacknowledged) perpetuation of identifiably Christian/Western terms of reference as normative in the study of Buddhism is critiqued, and a proposal is set out to study the tradition as what is here termed a ‘religiosophy’. This, in turn, entails revisionary discussion of topics such as the relation of rationality to wisdom, the historicity of (religious and philosophical) claims to universality, and the place for terminological innovations when reading materials rooted in one linguistic and intellectual culture from the interpretive horizon of another.
Logical, Buddhological, Buddhist
Authors: Stepien Rafal K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChapter 2 focuses on the tetralemma or catuṣkoṭi. This fourfold form of discourse typically negates a given position, its contrary, both, and neither, as when, for example, Nāgārjuna states at the very outset of his masterwork that “Not from itself nor from another / Not from both nor without cause // Does any entity whatsoever / Anywhere arise.” The logicalizing approach predominant in contemporary scholarship on the tetralemma is motivated by a desire to demonstrate that, contrary to appearances, Nāgārjuna cannot possibly be serious in denying all four positions. This chapter articulates and dismantles three major iterations of this approach, which are called the Mereological, Modal, and Qualitative Interpretations. An alternative reading is then proposed that is not only just as methodologically legitimate but also better equipped for the hermeneutical endeavor of describing Nāgārjuna’s religiosophical project taken in its entirety.
Nāgārjuna’s Tetralemma
Authors: Stepien Rafal K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChapter 3 turns from the critique of currently prevalent interpretive strategies to the construction of an alternative method. In contradistinction to analyses aimed at demonstrating the logicality of the tetralemma, an interpretation is proposed along what are called paralogical lines. An argument is made for the inadequacy of the dialetheic reading currently preferred, and therefore a new term is proposed—“tetrāletheia”—designed to better represent the four-folded nature of the tetralemma. Subsequent sections of the chapter are devoted to explication of this neologism, together with a reading of the tetralemma as embodied in the archetypal Buddhist figure of the Tathāgata. In the final section, “utterance” is proposed as an alternative descriptor for the totality of the tetralemma, one that is better suited to the paralogical and “anontological” tetralemma than are terms in standard use insofar as it dispenses with their substantialist value(s).
Social Systems and Intersectional Oppression
Authors: Haslanger Sally 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Societies are complex dynamic systems that are self-organizing due to their internal structure. How, then, should we understand intersectional oppression? Robin Dembroff states in Chapter 21 that patriarchy and White supremacy work together to constitute social subjects as both gendered and raced. But how? Are patriarchy and White supremacy two systems that interact? Or, as Dembroff argues, do they overlap? Drawing on a case study of social reproduction in the early- twentieth-century United States, this chapter argues that in our current social formation, patriarchy and White supremacy are not best understood as two different systems. However, the author claims that our social system is patriarchal, White supremacist, and capitalist due to patterns in who suffers what consequences.