bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genealogy of hard real-time preemptive scheduling algorithms for identical multiprocessors
Authors: Müller Dirk , Werner Matthias 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
With the advent of multi-core computer systems, real-time (RT) scheduling on multiprocessors (MPs) is gaining more and more practical relevance. Basic algorithms developed in the 1970s or earlier are strongly influential on state-of-the-art preemptive hard real-time scheduling algorithms. These relationships will be revealed and visualized by four genealogies. Here, the two classification dimensions prioritization dynamics and migration dynamics serve as a framework for the systematization. Finally, such genealogical reconstructions could even lead to the discovery of new algorithms. An extra look will be devoted to the group of fully dynamic scheduling algorithms with full migration in which algorithms can reach full utilization, neglecting scheduling and context switching overheads. The important question for a set of RT scheduling algorithms serving as a basis for more sophisticated ones will be dealt with.
Antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Joseph Soniamol , Sabulal Baby , George Varughese , Antony Kuttikkadan , Janardhanan Kainoor 
Published: September 2011

Antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides isolated fromGanoderma lucidumIn this study, polysaccharides were isolated fromGanoderma lucidum (Polyporaceae)and their antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated usingin vivomodels. Potential antitumor activity was shown byG. lucidumpolysaccharides (GLP) against solid tumor induced by Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells. GLP at 100 mg kg-1body mass showed 80.8 and 77.6 % reduction in tumour volume and tumour mass, respectively, when administered 24 h after tumour implantation. Again, GLP at the same dose but when administered prior to tumour inoculation, showed 79.5 and 81.2 % inhibition of tumour volume and tumour mass, respectively. GLP showed significant dose-dependent activity in carrageenean-induced (acute) and formalin-induced (chronic) inflammation assays. At 100 mg kg-1, GLP exhibited 57.6 and 58.2 % inhibition in carrageenean-induced and formalin-induced assays, respectively.
Entre éducation populaire et propagande syndicale : les cours radiophoniques de la CGT sous le Front Populaire
Authors: Poggioli Morgan 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Cet article aborde une expérience originale d’éducation populaire, souvent citée en exemple mais finalement assez peu étudiée : les cours radiodiffusés du Centre confédéral d’éducation ouvrière (CCEO) de la CGT, durant le Front populaire. Le CCEO qui, dès sa création en 1933, est conçu comme un outil de démocratisation du savoir a en effet à partir de janvier 1937 l’opportunité d’accéder à un média de masse et d’élargir son audience. Nous verrons donc comment pendant trois ans, à travers l’émission La Voix de la CGT , le syndicat a investi les ondes, fait l’apprentissage des exigences particulières de l’exercice radiophonique et s’est efforcé de concilier mission éducative et tentation propagandiste.
De la fabrique des libres-penseurs à l'administration des dévouements : Force Ouvrière et la mise en cursus de la formation syndicale (1948-1971)
Authors: Cristofalo Paula , Yon Karel 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Cet article interroge la signification pratique du passage de « l’éducation ouvrière » à la « formation des militants » au sein de la CGT-Force Ouvrière. Nous commençons par évoquer la relance avortée d’un dispositif éducatif organisé sur un mode décentralisé et coopératif. Nous abordons ensuite les injonctions externes à la mise sur pied d’un dispositif de transmission centralisé et sélectif. Nous entendons ainsi mettre l’accent sur le lien entre changements de forme et de fond : la substitution du Centre de Formation de Militants Syndicalistes au Centre d’Éducation Ouvrière donne naissance à un « dispositif d’administration du sens syndical » qui déconnecte éducation et politique, apprentissage du syndicalisme et développement d’une pensée stratégique. Si la syndicalisation de la formation est étroitement liée aux encouragements de la puissance publique, elle dépend également d’un passage de relais dans les équipes chargées de cette activité. Dans la période étudiée, on voit ainsi se développer l’encadrement administratif des activités éducatives et se succéder trois profils différents d’éducateurs : des intellectuels issus du monde de l’enseignement, des intellectuels issus du monde des entreprises et des militants sans lien direct avec le monde intellectuel.
The range of local public services and population size: Is there a “zoo effect” in French jurisdictions?
Authors: Frère Quentin , Hammadou Hakim , Paty Sonia 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Cet article est une contribution originale sur la relation entre la gamme des services publics locaux et la taille de la population. Cette étude est menée sur une base de données sur les collectivités locales françaises et teste l’existence d’un effet zoo (Oates, 1988), c’est-à-dire l’idée que la gamme des biens publics locaux offerts augmente avec la taille des collectivités. À l’aide de l’économétrie spatiale, nous montrons l’existence d’un effet zoo dans les groupements intercommunaux français qui ont été créés afin de réaliser des économies d’échelle. En d’autres termes, nous trouvons que la variété des services offerts est proportionnelle à la taille de population du groupement. Nous montrons également que cet effet zoo est plus intense dans les zones urbaines que rurales. Classification JEL : H4, H7.
La dimension spatiale des collaborations pour l'innovation : une analyse sur données CIFRE (1981-2006)
Authors: Bouba-Olga Olivier , Ferru Marie 
Published: September 2011

L’objectif de cet article est de se prononcer sur l’évolution de la dimension spatiale des collaborations pour l’innovation et sur l’existence d’éventuels effets de structure et notamment d’effets-taille. Nous développons dans un premier temps un modèle d’adoption des collaborateurs, qui met en évidence le rôle potentiel de la géographie des ressources et de l’histoire des relations passées (effets de lock-in) pour la dimension spatiale des collaborations. Nous nous appuyons dans un deuxième temps sur une base de données originale recensant plus de 14 000 contrats CIFRE sur la période 1981-2006 et testons deux modèles économétriques complémentaires. Trois grands résultats ressortent de ce travail : la géographie des collaborations pour l’innovation est marquée par une forte inertie, l’existence d’effets régionaux et le rôle important d’effets-taille.
La cantate du prix de Rome, côté livret... (1803-1871)
Authors: Deramond Julie 
Published: September 2011

Le prix de Rome constitue au XIX e siècle comme au début du XX e siècle une étape nécessaire dans le parcours des aspirants compositeurs. Ils sont ainsi amenés à plancher quelques jours durant sur un livret qu’ils devront mettre en musique. L’écriture de ces textes correspond souvent à une « commande », puis à un concours littéraire soigneusement organisé à l’Académie des beaux-arts. Quant à leur « fabrication », elle répond à une codification stricte qui évolue au cours du siècle, destinée à démultiplier les occasions d’expression pour le compositeur. Si la qualité littéraire et les thématiques abordées constituent un critère de sélection non négligeable, l’adaptation au contexte politique du moment semble également incontournable.
Limb Alignment After Open-wedge High Tibial Osteotomy and Its Effect on the Clinical Outcome
Authors: El-Azab Hosam M. , Morgenstern Mario , Ahrens Philip , Schuster Tibor , Imhoff Andreas B. , Lorenz Stephan G.F. 
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of alignment after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy and its effect on the clinical outcome. A prospective case series of 56 consecutive patients underwent open-wedge high tibial osteotomy fixed with a TomoFix plate fixator (Synthes, West Chester, Pennsylvania). The correction angle was radiologically determined preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. The patients were clinically and radiologically examined preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 36 months postoperatively. The mechanical axis of 50 knees was corrected from an average of 5.7° varus to 1.3° valgus. Forty-three patients had an acceptable correction with Mikulicz line crossing the tibial plateau between 50% to 70% of the tibial plateau width measured from the medial border. Undercorrection (<50%, group II) and over-correction (>70%, group III) were found in 4 and 3 patients, respectively. The mean Lysholm-Gillquist score at 36 months had improved in all groups, with a statistically lower value for group II.
Open-wedge high tibial osteotomy results in significant improvement of symptoms and function in all patients in the short term, even with under- and overcorrection of the osteotomy. Undercorrection was associated with a significantly lower clinical outcome in comparison to the accurate correction and overcorrection. Ligamentous laxity or soft tissue slackness of the knee can influence the overall correction after high tibial osteotomy and must be considered in preoperative planning. Patients with a high body mass index had inferior clinical results after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy.
IL-33 Expands Suppressive CD11b+ Gr-1int and Regulatory T Cells, including ST2L+ Foxp3+ Cells, and Mediates Regulatory T Cell-Dependent Promotion of Cardiac Allograft Survival
Authors: Turnquist Hēth R. , Zhao Zhenlin , Rosborough Brian R. , Liu Quan , Castellaneta Antonino , Isse Kumiko , Wang Zhiliang , Lang Megan , Beer Stolz Donna , Zheng Xin Xiao , Demetris A. Jake , Liew Foo Y. , Wood Kathryn J. , Thomson Angus W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
IL-33 administration is associated with facilitation of Th2 responses and cardioprotective properties in rodent models. However, in heart transplantation, the mechanism by which IL-33, signaling through ST2L (the membrane-bound form of ST2), promotes transplant survival is unclear. We report that IL-33 administration, while facilitating Th2 responses, also increases immunoregulatory myeloid cells and CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice. IL-33 expands functional myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD11b+ cells that exhibit intermediate (int) levels of Gr-1 and potent T cell suppressive function. Furthermore, IL-33 administration causes an St2-dependent expansion of suppressive CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs, including an ST2L+ population. IL-33 monotherapy after fully allogeneic mouse heart transplantation resulted in significant graft prolongation associated with increased Th2-type responses and decreased systemic CD8+ IFN-γ+ cells. Also, despite reducing overall CD3+ cell infiltration of the graft, IL-33 administration markedly increased intragraft Foxp3+ cells. Whereas control graft recipients displayed increases in systemic CD11b+ Gr-1hi cells, IL-33–treated recipients exhibited increased CD11b+ Gr-1int cells. Enhanced ST2 expression was observed in the myocardium and endothelium of rejecting allografts, however the therapeutic effect of IL-33 required recipient St2 expression and was dependent on Tregs. These findings reveal a new immunoregulatory property of IL-33. Specifically, in addition to supporting Th2 responses, IL-33 facilitates regulatory cells, particularly functional CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs that underlie IL-33–mediated cardiac allograft survival.
Enhancement of Antibody Class-Switch Recombination by the Cumulative Activity of Four Separate Elements
Authors: Dunnick Wesley A. , Shi Jian , Zerbato Jennifer M. , Fontaine Clinton A. , Collins John T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractClass-switch recombination of Ab isotype is mediated by a recombinational DNA deletion event and must be robustly upregulated during Ag-driven differentiation of B cells. The enhancer region 3′ of the Cα gene is important for the upregulation of switch recombination. Using a transgene of the entire H chain C region locus, we demonstrate in this study that it is the four 3′ enhancer elements themselves (a total of 4.7 kb) that are responsible for the upregulation rather than the 24 kb of DNA in between them. Neither allelic exclusion nor transgenic μ expression is reduced by deletion of the four 3′ enhancers. We also test deletions of two or three of the 3′ enhancers and show that deletion of more 3′ enhancers results in a progressive reduction in both switch recombination and germline transcription of all H chain genes. Nevertheless, we find evidence for special roles for some 3′ enhancers; different H chain genes are affected by different 3′ enhancer deletions. Thus, we find that the dramatic induction of class-switch recombination during Ag-driven differentiation is the result of an interaction among four separated regulatory elements.
Impact of Overactive Bladder on Sexual Function in Women
Authors: Del Rosso Alessandro , Pace Gianna , Di Pierro Ezio Domenico , Masciovecchio Stefano , Galatioto Giuseppe Paradiso , Vicentini Carlo 
Published: September 2011

Introduction Overactive Bladder (OAB) and Urge Urinary Incontinence (UUI) are both debilitating and bothersome conditions. OAB negatively impact on women's quality of life affecting their own ability and personal relationships. Our aim has been to evaluate how OAB and UUI affect women's sexual function and the possible role of antimuscarinic drugs in improving their sexual condition. Materials and Methods From January 2009 to May 2010, 58 women diagnosed with OAB filled in the self-administered questionnaires: Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the short form of Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). 33 of them (57%) reported a FSFI score<26,55 and were treated with Solifenacin 5mg. they were re-evaluated with the same questionnaires after three months of therapy. Results The mean FSFI score of 33 patients affected by Female Sexual Disfunction (FSD) was 21,8 (range: 18,6–25,7). The six domains designed to address different aspects of female sexual dysfunctions, sexual desire, satisfaction, orgasm, arousal, lubrication and related pain symptoms, were altered in 48, 33, 21, 15, 12 and 8% of the patients respectively. In 70% of the patients, FSFI score improved of a mean of 5,4 after three months of therapy; UDI-6 and IIQ-7 decreased from 56,3 and 59,9 to 47,6 and 50,2, respectively. Considering women with UUI + OAB or OAB alone, we reported a significant improvement of urinary symptoms and women sexual condition after three months of therapy. Conclusion OAB syndrome was found to cause greater deterioration in women sexual function. Antimuscarinic drugs are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment of OAB able to improve urinary symptoms, enhance quality of life and female sexual condition.
Anglo-Norman Hagiography as Institutional Historiography:
Authors: Gorman Sara 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTScholarly work on postconquest English convents has tended to assume that, unlike their male monastic counterparts, English nuns lacked institutional self-awareness and conscious historical documentation. On the contrary, this article proposes that certain convent manuscripts functioned as convent chronicles. This article uses the postconquest foundation Campsey Priory and one manuscript, British Library Additional 70513, a collection of Anglo-Norman saints’ lives belonging to the priory from the thirteenth century, as a case study, demonstrating how these hagiographic texts operate as a Campsey chronicle. It argues that four saints’ lives in particular—the lives of Modwenna, Osith, Audrée, and Katherine—constitute an undercurrent of particularly strong institutional identification in the manuscript. Finally, this case study aims to encourage further research investigating not only networks of female readers in postconquest England but the particular literary cultures of individual convents.
Holy Souls and a Holy Community:
Authors: Ritari Katja 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis article explores the conception of monastic life and its goals in an early medieval Irish saint’s life, Adomnán’s Vita Columbae (VC), written at the end of the seventh century on the monastic island of Iona by Columba’s eighth successor as the abbot of the monastery. Previous studies on the image of monastic life in VC have concentrated on the physical descriptions of the buildings and the layout of the monastery; the aim of this article is to turn attention to the spiritual aspects of monastic life by exploring Adomnán’s understanding of its nature and goals. The VC should be read as a carefully crafted theological work dealing with such topics as virtue, sin, and salvation, communitarian concepts crucial to the institutional life of the monastery.
A Customer-Value Framework for Analyzing Airline Services
Authors: Boetsch Tina , Bieger Thomas , Wittmer Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA renewed interest in airline service quality has emerged as a result of ongoing growth of long-haul services and competition for high-yield passengers. This article focuses on the importance of specific service elements for business-class travelers. Customer-value drivers are identified based on expert interviews and the existing literature. The customervalue drivers are analyzed by applying choice-based conjoint analysis and evaluated according to customer segments. The results show that emotional values such as the airline brand play a more important role than other factors such as price, product features, service quality, and journey time.
The Headscarf Effect: Direct Evidence from the Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
Authors: Megreya Ahmed M. , Memon Amina , Havard Catriona 
Published: September 2011

SummaryInternal and external features dominate familiar and unfamiliar face recognition, respectively. However, this finding is not universal; Egyptians showed a robust internal‐feature advantage for processing unfamiliar faces (Megreya & Bindemann, 2009). This bias was speculatively attributed to their long‐term experiences for individuating female faces with headscarves, which completely cover the external features. Here, we provided an empirical test for this suggestion. Participants from Egypt and UK were presented with a staged crime, which was committed by an own‐race woman with or without a headscarf. All participants were then asked to identify the culprit from a line‐up involving 10 faces with or without headscarves. British participants showed an advantage when the culprit left her hair uncovered. In contrast, Egyptian observers showed an advantage when the culprit wore a headscarf. This Egyptian headscarf effect was also replicated using British faces, suggesting that it reflects a specific characteristic of participant nationality rather than face nationality. These results therefore provide evidence for how culture influences cognition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual Phase‐Controlled Synthesis of Uniform Lanthanide‐Doped NaGdF4 Upconversion Nanocrystals Via an OA/Ionic Liquid Two‐Phase System for In Vivo Dual‐Modality Imaging
Authors: He Meng , Huang Peng , Zhang Chunlei , Hu Hengyao , Bao Chenchen , Gao Guo , He Rong , Cui Daxiang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel OA/ionic liquid two‐phase system combining the merits of thermal decomposition method, the IL‐based strategy, and the two‐phase approach is introduced to synthesize high‐quality lanthanide‐doped NaGdF4 upconversion nanocrystals with different crystal‐phases in OA‐phase and IL‐phase through a one‐step controllable reaction. Oil‐dispersible cubic‐phase NaGdF4:Yb, Er (Ho, Tm) nanocrystals with ultra‐small size (∼5 nm) and monodispersity are obtained in the OA phase of the two‐phase system via an IL‐based reaction. More importantly, water‐soluble hexagonal‐phase NaGdF4:Yb, Er nanocrystals are obtained in the same system simply by adopting an extremely facile method to complete the dual phase‐transition (crystal‐phase transition and OA‐phase to IL‐phase transition) simultaneously. The synthesized lanthanide‐doped NaGdF4 upconversion nanocrystals are effective for dual‐mode UCL imaging and CT imaging in vivo.
Oxidative Carbonylation Reactions: Organometallic Compounds (RM) or Hydrocarbons (RH) as Nucleophiles
Authors: Liu Qiang , Zhang Hua , Lei Aiwen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOxidative carbonylation reactions have attracted broad interest from both academia and industry in recent years. Enormous efforts have gone into the syntheses of carbonate and urea derivatives through the oxidative carbonylation of alcohols and amines. Very recently, organometallic reagents (RM) and hydrocarbons(RH) were directly employed as nucleophiles to construct a CC bond in oxidative carbonylation reactions. This Minireview summarizes this novel type of oxidative carbonylation reaction.
Immobilization of some biomolecules onto radiation‐grafted polyethylene beads for possible use in immunoassay applications
Authors: Lotfy S. , Moustafa K. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFunctionalization of polyethylene (PE) beads was accomplished via radiation induced graft copolymerization of acrylic acid/acrylamide (AAc/AAm) binary comonomer of different compositions onto such beads. Factors affecting the grafting yield were optimized and the occurrence of the grafted chains was confirmed by following the FTIR spectra of the grafted beads. SEM analyses were used to follow the variation of the morphology of the grafting and immobilization onto PE beads. Some bio‐active molecules such as Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), and Prolactin were immobilized to the radiation functionalized PE beads. The parameters may affect the immobilization process such as degree of grafting, temperature, and pH of the coupling buffer and the coupling period were investigated. The obtained results show that the grafting of AAc offers a better immobilization environment than those of AAm and their copolymer. It is found that the highest immobilization degree would be achieved at pH 7 and 37°C for 24 h. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Poly(methyl acrylate)/Na‐montmorillonite intercalated composites: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Çelik Meltem , Önal Müşerref , Sarıkaya Yüksel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPoly(methyl acrylate)/Na‐montmorillonite intercalated composites were prepared by free‐radical polymerization using benzoyl peroxide as a radical initiator in an aqueous medium. XRD patterns confirmed that the increase in interlayer spacing of Na‐montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) from 1.21 to 1.64 nm supports the intercalation. Although the width of the intercalated, delaminated montmorillonite aggregates are less than 100 nm (as seen in transmission electron microscopy), the prepared samples are members of the intercalated composite group. The samples exhibited better thermal stability than the pure polymer. Nitrogen adsorption capacity decreased due to the hindering of molecule diffusion and shielding of the intercalated aggregates by the polymer matrix. The decrease in moisture and water uptake of the samples indicated that the hydrophilic nature of montmorillonite changed greatly due to the hydrophobicity with increasing polymer content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012