bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic tectonics of the Western Approaches Channel basins and its control of local drainage systems
Authors: Le Roy Pascal , Gracia-Garay Claire , Guennoc Pol , Bourillet Jean-François , Reynaud Jean-Yves , Thinon Isabelle , Kervevan Patrick , Paquet Fabien , Menier David , Bulois Cédric 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The geology of the Channel Western Approaches is a key to understand the post-rift evolution of the NW European continental margin in relation with the Europe/Africa collision. Despite considerable evidence of Tertiary tectonic inversion throughout the Channel basin, the structures and amplitudes of the tectonic movements remain poorly documented across the French sector of the Western Approaches. The effect of the tectonic inversion for the evolution of the “Channel River”, the major system that flowed into the English Channel during the Plio-Quaternary eustatic lowstands, also needs to be clarified. Its drainage basin was larger than the present-day English Channel and constituted the source of terrigenous fluxes of the Armorican and Celtic deep sea fans. A lack of high-resolution seismic data motivated the implementation of the GEOMOC and GEOBREST cruises, whose main results are presented in this paper. The new observations highlight the diachronism and the contrast in amplitudes of the deformations involved in the inversion of the French Western Approaches. The tectonic inversion can be described in two stages: a paroxysmal Paleogene stage including two episodes, Eocene (probably Ypresian) and Oligocene, and a more moderate Neogene stage subdivided into Miocene and Pliocene episodes, driven by the reactivation of the same faults. The deformations along the North Iroise fault (NIF) located at the termination of the Medio-Manche fault produced forced folds in the sedimentary cover above the deeper faults. The tectonic inversion generated uplift of about 700 m of the mid-continental shelf south of the NIF. The isochron map of the reflectors bounding the identified seismic sequences clearly demonstrates a major structural control on the geometry of the Neogene deposits. First, the uplift of the eastern part of the Iroise basin during the upper Miocene favoured the onset of a broad submarine delta system that developed towards the subsiding NW outer shelf. The later evolution of the ’palaeovalley’ network corresponding to the western termination of the “Channel River” exhibits a ’bayonet’ pattern marked by a zigzagging pattern of valleys, with alternating segments orientated N040oE and N070oE, controlled by Neogene faulting. The palaeovalley network could have begun during Reurevian or Pre-Tiglian sea-level lowstands, which exposed the entire shelf below the shelf edge. The amplitude of the sea-level fall is assumed to have been magnified by uplift of the Iroise basin, followed by later tilting of the outer shelf, as observed in many other examples documented along the North Atlantic margins.
Closure of an Open Wound Associated with Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in a Breast Cancer Patient
Authors: Soolari Nafiseh , Soolari Ahmad 
Published: November 2011

Background and Objective:
Many clinicians will not treat patients presenting with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw following long-term use of bisphosphonates because of the lack of predictable outcomes.

Materical and Methods:
The patient presented with pain from a nonhealing lesion in the posterior maxilla following extraction of the maxillary right third molar. The lesion had not responded to any conventional dental treatment. The patient had suffered from breast cancer, and her treatment included several years of therapy with Zometa (zoledronic acid), a bisphosphonate.

Results:
The patient stopped taking Zometa and commenced rinsing with phosphate buffer–stabilized 0.1% chlorine dioxide–containing mouthwash. After 5 months, changes in the morphology of the lesion were noted and the soft tissue had closed over the open wound.

Conclusion:
Cessation of bisphosphonate therapy and usage of a phosphate buffer–stabilized 0.1% chlorine dioxide–containing mouthwash lessened the patient’s pain and resulted in closure of the soft tissue lesion.
Intake Based Milk Allocation Improves Health and Growth of Calves
Authors: Halachmi I. , Shabtay A. , Asher A. , Agmon R. , Orlov A. , Mazaribe M. , Zuabi A. , Brosh A. 
Published: November 2011

The problem:
The same feeding plan can be applied to all animals with individual differences rarely considered. On the contrary, individual intake-based feeding regime claims that if a calf has missed meals and therefore could not consume its daily milk allocation, it should be compensated.

Methods:
The objective of this study was (1) to compare ‘age-based milk allocation’ with calf individual ‘intake-based milk allocation’ (milk amount depending on the actual consumption). The study achieved its objective through the following phases (2) to design a real-time algorithm, (3) to embed the algorithm in the feeder’s control software, (4) unique mechanical design capable of the computer-controlled feeder.
One hundred and fifty male calves were fed. If a calf has not consumed its accumulated milk allocation from birth to date it receives an additional 1.5 liters (L) per day until it has consumed the entire planned amount.

Results:
Daily weight gain was 691 g/day in the age-based group vs. 794 g/day (SE = 36) in the intake-bared group. The average body weights (BW) at weaning were 76 kg vs. 82 kg. The indicator of health 57% vs. 66%.
Attributes of Corporate Risk Disclosure: An International Investigation in the Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Dobler Michael , Lajili Kaouthar , Zéghal Daniel 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
This paper is the first multi-country investigation of comprehensive corporate risk disclosure. Based on a detailed content analysis of 160 annual reports, we analyze the attributes and the quantity of risk disclosure and its association with the level of firm risk in the U.S., Canadian, U.K., and German settings. We find a consistent pattern where risk disclosure is most prevalent in management reports, concentrates on financial risk categories, and comprises little quantitative and forward-looking disclosure across sample countries. In terms of risk disclosure quantity, U.S. firms generally dominate, followed by German firms. Cross-country variation in risk disclosure attributes can only partly be linked to domestic disclosure regulation, suggesting that risk disclosure incentives play an important role. While risk disclosure quantity appears to be positively associated with proxies of firm risk in the North American settings, we find a negative association with leverage for Germany. This coincides with a “concealing motive” implied by an insider role of banks in the German financial setting.
Short-Term Exenatide Treatment Leads to Significant Weight Loss in a Subset of Obese Women Without Diabetes
Authors: Dushay Jody , Gao Chuanyun , Gopalakrishnan Gosala S. , Crawley Meghan , Mitten Emilie K. , Wilker Elissa , Mullington Janet , Maratos-Flier Eleftheria 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of treatment with the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exenatide on weight loss and metabolic parameters in obese nondiabetic women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Forty-one obese women (aged 48 ± 11 years and BMI 33.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2) participated in a 35-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, including two 16-week treatment periods separated by a 3-week washout period. There was no lifestyle intervention. The primary outcome was change in body weight.

RESULTS
Subjects treated with exenatide lost an average of 2.49 ± 0.66 kg compared with a 0.43 ± 0.63 kg weight gain during placebo treatment. Weight loss with exenatide treatment was noted at 2 weeks. The degree of weight loss could be stratified. A total of 30% of subjects were high responders who lost ≥5% body weight (−7.96 ± 0.52%), 39% were moderate responders who lost &lt;5% body weight (−2.43 ± 0.45%), and 31% were nonresponders who gained weight (1.93 ± 0.53%). Waist circumference also decreased significantly with exenatide treatment. Subjects experienced more nausea during exenatide treatment compared with placebo, but the severity decreased over time and did not correlate with weight loss.

CONCLUSIONS
Short-term exenatide treatment was associated with modest weight loss and decreased waist circumference in a cohort of obese nondiabetic women. A subset of individuals demonstrated robust weight loss that was detected very early in the course of treatment.
Vitamin D Levels and Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Elevated Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate
Authors: Joergensen Christel , Reinhard Henrik , Schmedes Anne , Hansen Peter R. , Wiinberg Niels , Petersen Claus L. , Winther Kaj , Parving Hans-Henrik , Jacobsen Peter K. , Rossing Peter 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. Severe vitamin D deficiency has been shown to predict cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We investigated the association among severe vitamin D deficiency, coronary calcium score (CCS), and asymptomatic CAD in type 2 diabetic patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) &gt;30 mg/24 h. This was a cross-sectional study including 200 type 2 diabetic patients without a history of CAD. Severe vitamin D deficiency was defined as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p-25[OH]D3) &lt;12.5 nmol/L. Patients with plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide &gt;45.2 ng/L or CCS ≥400 were stratified as being high risk for CAD (n= 133). High-risk patients were examined by myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI; n = 109), computed tomography angiography (n = 20), or coronary angiography (CAG; n = 86). Patients’ p-25(OH)D3 levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS
The median (range) vitamin D level was 36.9 (3.8–118.6) nmol/L. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was 9.5% (19/200). MPI or CAG demonstrated significant CAD in 70 patients (35%). The prevalence of CCS ≥400 was 34% (68/200). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with CCS ≥400 (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, 95% CI [1.5–12.1], P = 0.005). This association persisted after adjusting for risk factors (4.6, 1.5–13.9, P = 0.007). Furthermore, severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with asymptomatic CAD (adjusted OR 2.9, 1.02–7.66, P = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS
In high-risk type 2 diabetic patients with elevated UAER, low levels of vitamin D are associated with asymptomatic CAD.
Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity and Diabetes Remission at 1 Month After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients Randomized to Omentectomy
Authors: Dunn Julia P. , Abumrad Naji N. , Breitman Igal , Marks-Shulman Pamela A. , Flynn Charles Robb , Jabbour Kareem , Feurer Irene D. , Tamboli Robyn A. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
Early after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), there is improvement in type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance. We determined the acute effects of RYGB, with and without omentectomy, on hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. We also investigated whether preoperative diabetes or postoperative diabetes remission influenced tissue-specific insulin sensitivity after RYGB.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 40 obese (BMI 48 ± 8 kg/m2) participants, 17 with diabetes. Participants were randomized to RYGB alone or in conjunction with omentectomy. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with isotopic-tracer infusion were completed at baseline and at 1 month postoperatively to assess insulin sensitivity.

RESULTS
Participants lost 11 ± 4% of body weight at 1 month after RYGB, without an improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity; these outcomes were not affected by omentectomy, preoperative diabetes, or remission of diabetes. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) and the hepatic insulin sensitivity index improved in all subjects, irrespective of omentectomy (P ≤ 0.001). Participants with diabetes had higher baseline HGP values (P = 0.003) that improved to a greater extent after RYGB (P = 0.006). Of the 17 participants with diabetes, 10 (59%) had remission at 1 month. Diabetes remission had a group × time effect (P = 0.041) on HGP; those with diabetes remission had lower preoperative and postoperative HGP.

CONCLUSIONS
Peripheral insulin sensitivity did not improve 1 month after RYGB, irrespective of omentectomy, diabetes, or diabetes remission. Hepatic insulin sensitivity improved at 1 month after RYGB and was more pronounced in patients with diabetes. Improvement in HGP may influence diabetes remission early after RYGB.
Usefulness of the High Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio to Identify Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Preclinical Signs of Organ Damage in Outpatient Children
Authors: Di Bonito Procolo , Moio Nicola , Scilla Carolina , Cavuto Luigi , Sibilio Gerolamo , Sanguigno Eduardo , Forziato Claudia , Saitta Francesco , Iardino Maria Rosaria , Di Carluccio Carla , Capaldo Brunella 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether the high triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol (TG-to-HDL-C) ratio is associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors and preclinical signs of organ damage in an outpatient population of white children and adolescents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study population included 884 subjects (aged 6–16 years), of whom 206 (23%) were normal weight, 135 (15%) were overweight, and 543 (61%) were obese. Biochemical variables were analyzed in the whole sample, whereas homocysteine and left ventricular (LV) geometry and function were evaluated in 536 and 258 children, respectively.

RESULTS
The percentage of pubertal children (P &lt; 0.001), as well as measurements of BMI, waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, white blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), systolic blood pressure (P &lt; 0.0001, for all), creatinine (P &lt; 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (P &lt; 0.02), increased from the lowest to the highest tertile of the TG-to-HDL-C ratio. Age, sex, homocysteine, and glomerular filtration rate did not change. Moreover, interventricular septum thickness, relative wall thickness, and LV mass index (P = 0.01 to P &lt; 0.0001) increased across tertiles of the TG-to-HDL-C ratio. Children with a TG-to-HDL-C ratio ≥2.0 showed a two- to threefold higher risk of elevated ALT levels and concentric LV hypertrophy than those with a TG-to-HDL-C ratio &lt;2.0, independent of confounding factors.

CONCLUSIONS
The high TG-to-HDL-C ratio is associated with several CMR factors and preclinical signs of liver and cardiac abnormalities in the outpatient, white pediatric population. Thus, a TG-to-HDL-C ratio ≥2.0 may be useful in clinical practice to detect children with a worsened CMR profile who need monitoring to prevent cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
Mass-to-splenic volume ratio and splenic weight as a percentage of body weight in dogs with malignant and benign splenic masses: 65 cases (2007–2008)
Authors: Mallinckrodt Mary Jo , Gottfried Sharon D. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether mass-to-splenic volume ratio or splenic weight as a percentage of body weight was significantly different between dogs with benign versus malignant splenic masses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—65 dogs that underwent splenectomy.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs examined between October 2007 and June 2008 because of a splenic mass were reviewed. Information obtained included dog age, breed, and weight; whether hemoperitoneum was present; splenic weight and dimensions (length, width, and height) at the time of splenectomy; dimensions (length, width, and height) of the splenic mass; and histologic diagnosis. Information on survival time was recorded when available.
Results—30 (46%) dogs had hemangiosarcoma, 10 (15%) had other types of malignant masses, and 25 (39%) had benign masses. Dogs with benign splenic masses had a significantly higher mean mass-to-splenic volume ratio and higher mean splenic weight as a percentage of body weight than did dogs with hemangiosarcoma.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that mass-to-splenic volume ratio and splenic weight as a percentage of body weight may be useful in differentiating between hemangiosarcoma and benign lesions in dogs with splenic masses.
Use of intravenous lipid emulsion to treat ivermectin toxicosis in a Border Collie
Authors: Clarke Dana L. , Lee Justine A. , Murphy Lisa A. , Reineke Erica L. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Case Description—A 2-year-old spayed female Border Collie was treated with IV lipid emulsion (ILE) after ingesting 6 mg/kg (2.73 mg/lb) of an equine ivermectin anthelmintic paste 8 hours prior to examination.
Clinical Findings—On initial examination, the dog had stable cardiovascular signs but had diffuse muscle tremors and was hyperthermic. Neurologic evaluation revealed that the dog was ataxic and had mydriasis with bilaterally absent menace responses and pupillary light reflexes. The remaining physical examination findings were unremarkable. Results of CBC, serum biochemical analysis, venous blood gas analysis, and measurement of plasma lactate concentration were also within reference limits.
Treatment and Outcome—The dog was treated with ILE in addition to supportive care with IV fluid therapy and cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurologic monitoring. The use of ILE treatment was initiated in this patient on the basis of previous clinical and experimental evidence supporting its use for toxicosis resulting from lipid-soluble agents. An initial bolus of 1.5 mL/kg (0.68 mL/lb) of a 20% sterile lipid solution was administered IV over 10 minutes, followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.25 mL/kg/min (0.11 mL/lb/min) over 60 minutes that was administered twice to treat clinical signs of ivermectin toxicosis. The dog was discharged from the hospital 48 hours after admission and was clinically normal within 4 days after ivermectin ingestion. Further diagnostic evaluation subsequently revealed that this dog was unaffected by the multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) deletion, known as the ATP-binding cassette polymorphism.
Clinical Relevance—Ivermectin toxicosis in veterinary patients can result in death without aggressive treatment, and severe toxicosis often requires mechanical ventilation and intensive supportive care. This is particularly true in dogs affected by the ATP-binding cassette polymorphism. Novel ILE treatment has been shown to be effective in human patients with lipid-soluble drug toxicoses, although the exact mechanism is unknown. In the patient in the present report, ILE was used successfully to treat ivermectin toxicosis, and results of serial measurement of serum ivermectin concentration supported the proposed lipid sink mechanism of action.
Assessment of the tissue diffusion of anesthetic agent following administration of a low palmar nerve block in horses
Authors: Seabaugh Kathryn A. , Selberg Kurt T. , Valdés-Martínez Alejandro , Rao Sangeeta , Baxter Gary M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To investigate tissue diffusion of anesthetic agent following administration of low palmar nerve blocks (LPBs) in horses.
Design—Randomized clinical trial.
Animals—12 adult horses.
Procedures—In 9 horses, mepivacaine hydrochloride–iohexol (50:50 dilution) injections were administered bilaterally (2 or 4 mL/site) to affect the medial and lateral palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves (4 sites). Lateral radiographic views of both metacarpal regions were obtained before and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after block administration; proximal and distal extents of contrast medium (and presumably anesthetic agent) diffusion from palmar and palmar metacarpal injection sites were measured and summed to determine total diffusion. Methylene blue solution was injected in forelimbs of 3 other horses that were subsequently euthanized to determine the potential route of anesthetic agent diffusion to the proximal suspensory ligament region.
Results—Mean extents of proximal and total contrast medium diffusion were 4.0 and 6.6 cm, respectively, for the palmar metacarpal nerves and 4.3 and 7.1 cm, respectively, for the palmar nerves. Subtle proximal diffusion secondary to lymphatic drainage was evident in 17 of the 18 limbs. Contrast medium was detected in the metacarpophalangeal joint or within the digital flexor tendon sheath in 8 and 7 limbs, respectively. In the cadaver limbs, methylene blue solution did not extend to the proximal suspensory ligament region.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, LPBs resulted in minimal proximal diffusion of anesthetic agent from the injection sites. Limbs should be aseptically prepared prior to LPB administration because inadvertent intrasynovial injection may occur.
Agreement between arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen values obtained by direct arterial blood measurements versus noninvasive methods in conscious healthy and ill foals
Authors: Wong David M. , Alcott Cody J. , Wang Chong , Bornkamp Jennifer L. , Young Jessica L. , Sponseller Brett A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To investigate tissue diffusion of anesthetic agent following administration of low palmar nerve blocks (LPBs) in horses.
Design—Randomized clinical trial.
Animals—12 adult horses.
Procedures—In 9 horses, mepivacaine hydrochloride–iohexol (50:50 dilution) injections were administered bilaterally (2 or 4 mL/site) to affect the medial and lateral palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves (4 sites). Lateral radiographic views of both metacarpal regions were obtained before and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after block administration; proximal and distal extents of contrast medium (and presumably anesthetic agent) diffusion from palmar and palmar metacarpal injection sites were measured and summed to determine total diffusion. Methylene blue solution was injected in forelimbs of 3 other horses that were subsequently euthanized to determine the potential route of anesthetic agent diffusion to the proximal suspensory ligament region.
Results—Mean extents of proximal and total contrast medium diffusion were 4.0 and 6.6 cm, respectively, for the palmar metacarpal nerves and 4.3 and 7.1 cm, respectively, for the palmar nerves. Subtle proximal diffusion secondary to lymphatic drainage was evident in 17 of the 18 limbs. Contrast medium was detected in the metacarpophalangeal joint or within the digital flexor tendon sheath in 8 and 7 limbs, respectively. In the cadaver limbs, methylene blue solution did not extend to the proximal suspensory ligament region.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, LPBs resulted in minimal proximal diffusion of anesthetic agent from the injection sites. Limbs should be aseptically prepared prior to LPB administration because inadvertent intrasynovial injection may occur.
Nondegenerate dual atomic parametric amplifier: entangled atomic fields
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Bhattacherjee Aranya , Verma Priyanka , Gevorgyan Narine , Mohan Man 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of two coupled quantum degenerate atomic fields (BEC) interacting with two classical optical fields in the nonlinear atom optics regime. Two-photon interaction produces entangled atom-atom pairs which exhibit nonclassical correlations. Since the system involves the creation of two correlated atom pairs, we call it the nondegenerate dual atomic parametric amplifier.