bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization behavior of polypropylene/polyamide 6/montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Xiao , Fang Pengfei , Wang Dahai , Dai Yiqun , Wang Shaojie , Liew Kim Meow , Xu Zepeng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolymer blended materials such as polyamide 6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP) blends have received considerable attention in recent years. To improve the compatibility of PA6 and PP, compatibilizers like maleic anhydride‐g‐polypropylene (MPP) are often added. In addition, organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) is also used to improve the properties of various materials. In this work, the crystallization behavior of PP/PA6/MMT nanocomposites with MPP compatibilizer was investigated systematically. The annealing process effectively improved the crystallization of α‐PP. The crystallization temperature (Tc) of PA6 was increased by ca 2–3 °C on introducing MPP or MMT alone to the PP/PA6 system, whereas Tc of PP underwent no obvious change. However, when MPP and MMT were added simultaneously, Tc of PP and PA6 increased by 6.6 and 4.2 °C, respectively, and a new crystallization peak corresponding to PP‐g‐PA6 copolymer phase was observed at 162.5 °C. The combined effect of MPP and MMT led to better compatibility of PP with PA6. Moreover, the results of a non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics experiment revealed that the simultaneous introduction of MPP and MMT markedly shortened the crystallization time. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Teachers' judgments of students' early literacy skills measured by the Early Literacy Skills Assessment: Comparisons of teachers with and without assessment administration experience
Authors: Begeny John C. , Buchanan Heather 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTeacher judgments about students' academic abilities are important for several reasons, including their day‐to‐day instructional decision making. Not surprisingly, previous studies have investigated the accuracy of teachers' judgments about their students' reading abilities. Previous research, however, has not investigated teachers' judgments about students' early literacy skills, nor has previous research systematically examined how teachers' training and use of an objective assessment instrument impact their judgments of students' performance on that instrument. This exploratory study offers the first investigation of teachers' judgment accuracy of pre‐kindergarten students' early literacy skills, and compares the judgment accuracy of teachers with and without opportunities to administer the Early Literacy Skills Assessment (ELSA). Findings suggest that teachers with opportunities to administer the ELSA had a significantly higher percentage of accurate judgments across half of the ELSA subtests, but their judgment accuracy was still no better than 50%–60% on all but one ELSA subtest. Implications for school psychologist practitioners and researchers are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac, lung, and brain thrombosis in a child with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Cohen Shlomo , Springer Chaim , Perles Zeev , Koplewitz Benjamin Z. , Avital Avraham , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA 3‐year‐old boy with failure to thrive and severe adenotonsillar hypertrophy with a clinical presentation of prolonged obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), was referred to the emergency room due to severe respiratory distress and anasarca. Echocardiography revealed right heart failure, a cystic lesion in the right ventricle and severe pulmonary hypertension. D‐dimer was elevated but spiral computerized tomography (CT) and lung scan did not show any perfusion defects. Excision of the cardiac lesion during open‐heart surgery, lung biopsy, and adenotonsillectomy were performed. Pathological examination showed an intracadiac organized thrombus and eccentric intimal fibrosis of the pulmonary arteries—which is a pathognomonic of pulmonary arterial microemboli. Brain CT revealed vein thrombosis of the left sigmoid sinus. Blood tests for inherited thrombophilia were normal. Today, 5 years after adenotonsillectomy, the child is normally developed, completely asymptomatic, free of any medications, and has a normal echocardiography. This case report may indicate that prolonged OSA can be a procoagulant state which can cause severe cardiovascular morbidity in children. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:836–839. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Explosives Detection Using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Nilles J. Michael , Connell Theresa R. , Stokes Sarah T. , Dupont Durst H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe growing use of explosives by terrorists and criminals creates a need for instrumentation which can rapidly analyze these energetic compounds, preferably on site. Direct analysis in real time (DART) is a promising technology for surface analysis with little or no sample preparation. Therefore, DART ionization is evaluated for use in detecting explosives on solid substrates and in liquid matrices. Fifteen explosives were chosen as a consequence of their common usage. Five surfaces were chosen to represent a wide range of physical properties such as composition, porosity, surface morphology, and thermal and electrical conductivity. Additionally these surfaces are commonly found in everyday surroundings. All 75 compound‐surface combinations produced a clear, easily identifiable, mass spectra characteristic of the targeted analyte. Simultaneous detection of five explosives is demonstrated on these same surfaces. Lastly, rapid detection of trace contamination in common fluids is also explored.
A P‐type Iterative Learning Controller for Uncertain Robotic Systems with Exponentially Decaying Error Bounds
Authors: Shin Dong‐Min , Choi Joon‐Young , Lee Jin S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a P‐type iterative learning control (ILC) scheme for uncertain robotic systems that perform the same tasks repetitively. The proposed ILC scheme comprises a linear feedback controller consisting of position error and exponentially weighted velocity error with respect to the number of iterations, and a feedforward learning controller updated by the exponentially weighted velocity error from previous trial. As the learning iteration proceeds, the position and velocity errors converge uniformly to zero within error bounds that decay exponentially through the sequence of iterations with arbitrarily selected convergence rate. Consequently, the proposed ILC scheme enables analysis and tuning of the exponential convergence rate in the iteration domain in contrast to other existing P‐type ILC schemes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust Visual‐Servo Control of Robot Manipulators in the Presence of Uncertainty
Authors: Zergeroglu E. , Dawson D. M. , de Queiroz M. S. , Setlur P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of position control of planar robot manipulators via visual servoing in the presence of uncertainty associated with the robot mechanical dynamics and the camera system for both fixed‐camera and camera‐in‐hand configurations. Specifically, we first design a robust controller that compensates for uncertainty throughout the whole robot‐camera system and ensures global uniformly ultimately bounded position tracking for the fixed‐camera configuration. Under the same class of uncertainty, we then develop a setpoint controller for the camera‐in‐hand configuration that achieves global uniformly ultimately bounded regulation. Experimental results illustrating the performance of both controllers are also included. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large‐scale regression‐based pattern discovery: The example of screening the WHO global drug safety database
Authors: Caster Ola , Norén G. Niklas , Madigan David , Bate Andrew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMost measures of interestingness for patterns of co‐occurring events are based on data projections onto contingency tables for the events of primary interest. As an alternative, this article presents the first implementation of shrinkage logistic regression for large‐scale pattern discovery, with an evaluation of its usefulness in real‐world binary transaction data. Regression accounts for the impact of other covariates that may confound or otherwise distort associations. The application considered is international adverse drug reaction (ADR) surveillance, in which large collections of reports on suspected ADRs are screened for interesting reporting patterns worthy of clinical follow‐up. Our results show that regression‐based pattern discovery does offer practical advantages. Specifically it can eliminate false positives and false negatives due to other covariates. Furthermore, it identifies some established drug safety issues earlier than a measure based on contingency tables. While regression offers clear conceptual advantages, our results suggest that methods based on contingency tables will continue to play a key role in ADR surveillance, for two reasons: the failure of regression to identify some established drug safety concerns as early as the currently used measures, and the relative lack of transparency of the procedure to estimate the regression coefficients. This suggests shrinkage regression should be used in parallel to existing measures of interestingness in ADR surveillance and other large‐scale pattern discovery applications. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 197‐208, 2010
Adjustment for the measurement error in evaluating biomarkers
Authors: Li Wen , Qu Yongming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBiomarkers that can help identify patients who will have an early clinical benefit from a treatment are important not only for patients' survival and quality of life, but also for the cost of health care. Owing to reasons such as biological variation and limited machine precision, biomarkers are sometimes measured with large errors. Adjusting for the measurement error in calculating the proportion of the treatment effect explained by markers has been a subject of research. The proportion of information gain (PIG), a new quantity to measure the importance of a biomarker, has not yet been studied for variables measured with error. In this article, we provide methods to account for the measurement error in the calculation of PIG for continuous, binary and time‐to‐event outcomes. Simulation shows that the adjusted estimator has little bias and has less variability compared to the naive estimator ignoring the measurement error. Data from an osteoporosis clinical study are used to illustrate the method for a binary outcome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achieving process modeling and execution through the combination of aspect and model‐driven engineering approaches
Authors: Bendraou Reda , Jezéquél Jean‐Marc , Fleurey Franck 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYOne major advantage of executable software process models is that once defined, they can be simulated, checked and validated in short incremental and iterative cycles. This also makes them a powerful asset for important process improvement decisions such as resource allocation, deadlock identification and process management. In this paper, we propose a framework that combines Aspect and Model‐driven Engineering approaches in order to ensure process modeling, simulation and execution. This framework is based on UML4SPM, a UML2.0‐based language for Software Process Modeling and Kermeta, an executable metaprogramming language. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MCR: MAC‐assisted congestion‐controlled routing for wireless multihop networks
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Pin , Feng Kai‐Ten 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTechniques for improving network congestion have been proposed in different fields. In recent years, the congestion control problems were studied to enhance the routing performance in wireless multihop networks (WMNs). In this paper, the network allocation vector (NAV) introduced by the contention‐based medium access control (MAC) protocols is utilized for the determination of the channel status around a wireless node (WN). A MAC‐assisted congestion‐controlled routing (MCR) algorithm is proposed to alleviate the network congestion problem by adopting the information from the MAC layer. The routing path is selected based on the congestion‐free probability along the path for transmitting the data packets. Moreover, the adaptive path‐switching scheme and the aggressive hop‐reduction (AHR) local repair mechanism further enhance the routing performance of the proposed MCR algorithm. The effectiveness of the MCR protocol is evaluatedviaboth the analytical study and the simulation results. Without consuming excessive control packets for each WN, the MCR algorithm can achieve better performance when compared with other existing schemes, especially under the scenarios with network congestion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational Construction of Polymeric Cadmium(II) Benzimidazole for Transition Metal Ion Exchange
Authors: Xiao Bo , Li Qian‐Qian , Wang Yu‐Ting , Liu Chun‐Sen , Hu Min , Fang Shao‐Ming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA 1D double‐helical coordination polymer {[Cd(pbbm)2]2(ClO4)4(H2O)2}n (1) was successfully constructed by the reaction of Cd(ClO4)2·6H2O with 1,1′‐(1,5‐pentanediyl)bis‐1H‐benzimidazole (pbbm). Interestingly, polymer 1 exhibits highly selective capacity for the ionic exchange of Zn2+ and Cu2+ over Co2+ and Ni2+ ions in the crystalline solid state when the crystals of 1 are immersed in the aqueous solutions of the perchlorate salts of Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions, respectively, which indicates that central CdII ion exchange might be considered as being dominated by the coordination ability of metal ions to free functional groups, ionic radii of exchanged metal ions, and the solution concentration of adsorbed metal salts. The parent material‐ and ion‐exchange‐induced products are identified by FT‐IR spectroscopy, PXRD patterns as well as SEM and EDS measurements. In addition, the thermal stability of 1 was also investigated.
Evaluation of compliance with the Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis based on the Japanese administrative database associated with the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system
Authors: Murata Atsuhiko , Matsuda Shinya , Kuwabara Kazuaki , Fujino Yoshihisa , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Fujimori Kenji , Horiguchi Hiromasa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground/purposeWe aimed to evaluate compliance with the clinical practice guidelines for acute cholangitis (Tokyo Guidelines) using the Japanese administrative database associated with the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) system.MethodsWe collected database data from 60,842 acute cholangitis patients, examining 10 recommendations in the Tokyo Guidelines. We counted how many recommendations had been complied with for every patient. The patient compliance score was defined as the rate of compliance with these recommendations (score 0 = 0% to score 10 = 100%). An aggregated patient compliance score was measured according to the severity of acute cholangitis. Severity was categorized as grade I (mild cholangitis;n = 49,630), grade II (moderate cholangitis;n = 10,444), and grade III (severe cholangitis;n = 768).ResultsThe mean patient compliance score was significantly higher for patients with grade III than for those with grades II and I (7.6 ± 2.1 vs. 6.5 ± 3.0 vs. 2.9 ± 0.9,p < 0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the severity of acute cholangitis was the parameter most significantly associated with the patient compliance score. The standardized coefficient of grade III was higher than that of grade II (0.657 vs. 0.248,p < 0.001).ConclusionsCompliance with the Tokyo Guidelines became higher in accordance with the severity of acute cholangitis.
Molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration and protection for treatment of liver dysfunction and diseases
Authors: Fujiyoshi Masato , Ozaki Michitaka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLiver regeneration is a necessary process that most liver damage depends on for recovery. Regeneration is achieved by a complex interactive network consisting of liver cells (hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and stem cells) and extrahepatic organs (thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, duodenum, and autonomous nervous system). The restoration of liver volume depends on hepatocyte proliferation, which includes initiation, proliferation, and termination phases. Hepatocytes are “primed” mainly by Kupffer cells via cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐alpha) and then “proliferation” and “cell growth” of hepatocytes are induced by the stimulations of cytokines and growth factors (HGF and TGF‐alpha). Liver regeneration is achieved by cell proliferation and cell growth, where the IL‐6/STAT3 and PI3‐K/PDK1/Akt pathways play pivotal roles, respectively. IL‐6/STAT3 pathway regulates hepatocyte proliferation via cyclin D1/p21 and protects against cell death by upregulating FLIP, Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, Ref1, and MnSOD. PI3‐K/PDK1/Akt is known to be responsible for regulation of cell size via its downstream molecules such as mTOR in addition to being known for its survival, anti‐apoptotic and anti‐oxidative properties. Although the molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration have been actively studied, the mechanisms of liver regeneration must be elucidated and leveraged for the sufficient treatment of liver diseases.
Gregarious settlement of tubeworms at deep-sea hydrothermal vents on the Tonga–Kermadec arc, South Pacific
Authors: Short Jessie , Metaxas Anna 
Published: July 2010

Despite the importance of early life-history processes in regulating population assemblages of benthic invertebrates at hydrothermal vents, they remain poorly understood, mainly because of the inaccessibility of these habitats. Vestimentiferan tubeworms provide an excellent system to study settlement in these habitats; they inhabit tubes that remain intact for some period even after the occupants die, and thus provide a proxy for rates of settlement and post-settlement mortality. In 2007, we collected rocks supporting populations ofLamellibrachiasp. using a TV-grab, from Mussel Ridge hydrothermal vent field on Monowai Volcanic Complex, at the Tonga–Kermadec arc. Twenty-two discrete patches of similarly sized individuals and of discrete length–frequency distributions were identified and quantified. Mean length of individual tubeworms ranged from <0.5 to 6.38 cm, and abundance per patch ranged from 6.8 to 108 ind cm−2. Post-settlement mortality was ~5%. These results suggest that gregarious settlement of pulses of larvae is likely occurring byLamellibrachiasp., a process that has not yet been described in deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworms. The abundance of adult tubeworms on Monowai was low, and allochthonous larval supply from neighbouring seamounts unlikely. Consequently, gregarious settlement can increase the probability of maintenance and expansion of the existing populations.
Experimental oral and ocularEncephalitozoon cuniculiinfection in rabbits
Authors: JEKLOVA E. , LEVA L. , KOVARCIK K. , MATIASOVIC J. , KUMMER V. , MASKOVA J. , SKORIC M. , FALDYNA M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYEncephalitozoon cuniculiis an obligate intracellular pathogen that has a wide host distribution, but primarily affects rabbits. The aim of this study was to characterize both the cell-mediated and the antibody response in rabbits after experimental infection using 2 different infection routes: oral and ocular. SPF rabbits were infected with low (103spores) and high (107spores) infection doses. Monitored parameters included clinical signs, detection of spores in urine, antibody response detected with ELISA, and cell-mediated immunity detected by antigen-driven lymphocyte proliferation. At week 13 post-infection, half of the rabbits in each group were suppressed by intramuscular administration of dexamethasone. At week 18 post-infection, animals were euthanized. Clinical signs were mild with exacerbation after immunosuppression. Spores in urine and antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity were detected from weeks 5 and 4 post-infection, respectively. Specific IgM was detected 1 week after infection, and IgG antibodies followed 1 week later in rabbits infected with the high dose. Immunological responses were dose dependent. The authors can conclude that both oral and ocular experimental infection withE. cuniculiresulted in an immune response of the infected animals. Rabbits could be used as an experimental model for the study of ocular microsporidiosis.
A targeted public: public services in fifteenth-century Ghent and Bruges
Authors: HAEMERS JELLE , RYCKBOSCH WOUTER 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT:Though the phrase ‘public services’ is a nineteenth-century invention, which was supported by a developed rhetoric of political economy, this article shows that the concept, practice and supply of such services could also be found in the medieval city. It specifically analyses three areas of urban service provision: jurisprudence and legal security, infrastructure and finally health care and poor relief. Although the available sources tend to stress the involvement of municipal authorities in providing public services, it turns out that in fact the furnishing of services was highly multi-layered. In all three areas studied, a wide range of public and private institutions offered services to specific groups within late medieval urban society. In contrast to what the notion of ‘public services’ lets us presume, however, public services in the medieval city were not available to all inhabitants. Instead, the provision of services was usually quite restrictive, and targeted particular groups in society.
Ways of looking: the creation and social use of urban guidebooks in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century China
Authors: FEI SIYEN 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT:This article explores the intricate relationship between guidebooks and place-making in an early modern Chinese city, Nanjing. Despite all apparent similarity to a modern guidebook, the seventeenth-century guidebookJinling tuyong(Illustrated Odes on Nanjing) offers no information regarding shopping, dining or lodging; instead, it catalogues all the possible experiences of sites in and around the city. Such a concentrated focus on spatial experiences brings to light an important change in the social role of guidebooks in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century China. As landscape appreciation developed into an important venue for status performance and social networking, the representation of space became an integral element to the construction of urban communities. In the case ofTuyong, its images even supplied a critical source of cultural continuity for Nanjing-neses during transition between the Ming and Qing empires, a finding that sheds a new light on the links between urban space and empire and serves as a useful entry for cross-cultural comparison.