bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A functional promoter polymorphism in monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 is associated with psoriasis
Authors: Wang L. , Yang L. , Gao L. , Gao T. W. , Li W. , Liu Y. F. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryPsoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of skin. MCP‐1 is an important CC‐type chemokine responsible for monocytes and T lymphocytes recruitment in inflammatory conditions. A single nucleotide polymorphism of the MCP‐1 gene in the gene regulatory region was found to be related to the expression of MCP‐1, and the associations of this polymorphism with many inflammatory diseases were conformed. However, the significance of this polymorphism in psoriasis remains unclear. Therefore, we examined this polymorphism in 507 patients with plaque‐type psoriasis and 530 healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. We also tested the serum MCP‐1 in 320 patients and 160 controls and compared the serum MCP‐1 level in patients of different genotypes. Our results showed that the frequency distribution of the AA, AG and GG genotypes between the patients and the controls was statistically different (P = 0.031); significantly increased risk for psoriasis was associated with the AG, GG and AG + GG genotype. The frequency distribution of the AA, AG and GG genotypes was also different between female psoriasis patients and controls (P = 0.025), between type I psoriasis patients and controls (P = 0.025), between psoriasis patients without positive familial history and controls (P = 0.048), and between patients with psoriasis area and severity index of ≥ 10 and controls (P = 0.041). MCP‐1 serum level was significantly higher in patients than controls (P < 0.0001). There were significant differences of serum MCP‐1 level between patients of the GG genotype and the AA genotype (P = 0.028), between patients of the AG genotype and the AA genotype (P = 0.049), and between patients of the AG + GG genotype and the AA genotype (P = 0.027). These results showed the –2518 MCP‐1 polymorphism is related to the susceptibility of plaque type psoriasis. Individuals containing the GG or AG genotype were at higher risk of psoriasis than subjects with the AA genotype.
Porcine IL12A and IL12B gene mapping, variation and evidence of association with lytic complement and blood leucocyte proliferation traits
Authors: Wimmers K. , Kumar K. G. , Schellander K. , Ponsuksili S. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryInterleukin‐12, a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of glycosylated subunits of 35 and 40 kDa, is a central molecule in controlling innate as well as adaptive immunity. This study was aimed to investigate the role of IL12A and IL12B as candidate genes for immune competence in pigs. The porcine genes were screened for polymorphism and association analysis was carried out by mixed model analysis with parameters of innate immunity, in vitro haemolytic complement activity in the classical and alternative pathways, in vivo complement activation expressed as C3c serum concentration, and blood leucocyte proliferation measured in F2 animals of a pig resource population based on cross of Duroc and Berlin miniature pig (DUMI resource population). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region (C > A) of IL12A was identified. Two SNPs were detected in intron 4 of IL12B at positions 192 (A > G) and 437 (C > T). Significant effects of IL12 genotypes on complement activity traits and mitogen‐induced leucocyte proliferation were found. The IL12A and IL12B genes were assigned to chromosome13 and 16, respectively, by using radiation hybrid analysis and genetic mapping in the DUMI resource population. Mapping and association analyses promote the IL12 genes as functional and positional candidate gene for disease resistance in pigs.
Investigating Time to Void After Lower‐Extremity Orthopedic Surgery in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Sherburne Eileen , Sawin Kathleen 
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE.  This study aims to determine the time frame of postoperative bladder volume assessment in order to identify children at risk for urinary retention in a pediatric orthopedic population. DESIGN AND METHODS.  This is a descriptive and nonexperimental study. Variables included age, sex, length of anesthesia, type of analgesia, analgesia delivery, bladder volume, and intravenous fluid rate. RESULTS.  Twenty‐nine percent of the children (n = 38) required straight catheterization. The average length of time to bladder emptying was 5 hr. There were significant correlations (p < .05) between several variables.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  The standard practice of waiting 8 hr before assessment of voiding was not supported in this study.
Psychological Adjustment in Young Korean American Adolescents and Parental Warmth
Authors: Kim Eunjung 
Published: September 2010

PROBLEM:  The relation between parental warmth and psychological adjustment is not known for young Korean American adolescents. METHODS:  One hundred and three Korean American adolescents’ perceived parental warmth and psychological adjustment were assessed using, respectively, the Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire and the Child Personality Assessment Questionnaire. FINDINGS:  Low perceived maternal and paternal warmth were positively related to adolescents’ overall poor psychological adjustment and almost all of its attributes. When maternal and paternal warmth were entered simultaneously into the regression equation, only low maternal warmth was related to adolescents’ poor psychological adjustment. CONCLUSION:  Perceived parental warmth is important in predicting young adolescents’ psychological adjustment as suggested in the parental acceptance–rejection theory.
Home is for Caring, School is for Learning: Qualitative Data from Child Graduates of INSIGHTS
Authors: Yearwood Edilma L. , McClowry Sandee 
Published: September 2010

TOPIC: Parent–child communication behaviors.PURPOSE: The goal of this naturalistic study was to learn more about the communication behaviors that exist between school‐aged inner‐city minority children who completed a temperament‐based intervention study and the significant adults in their life. A paucity of information exists about the communication processes in this population; therefore, this paper addresses this gap.METHOD: A grounded theory approach was used for data collection and analysis. Data were obtained from multiple sources including individual and group interviews of 36 first and second graders from three inner‐city elementary schools, their parents, and teachers. Data triangulation, member‐check, and independent audit supported trustworthiness and credibility of findings.FINDINGS: Child communication behaviors involved being able to read the environment, respect others, do the right thing, and know how best to talk with others. Child findings were congruent with parent and teacher data and indicated that communication was driven by concerns for safety and community violence potential and embedded within strong cultural beliefs.CONCLUSIONS: Nurses are in a unique position to educate both parents and children about the importance of developing and maintaining positive communication behaviors with each other. Positive communication behaviors may serve as a protective factor in promoting child safety in inner‐city minority children.
Nursing Diagnoses in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Calsinski de Assis Cinthia , Leite de Barros Alba Botura 
Published: September 2010

PURPOSETo examine the prevalence of nursing diagnoses among hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).METHODSPatients in the cardiology unit with a diagnosis of CHF types I–IV (N= 26) were surveyed using an investigator‐developed data collection tool to determine the nursing diagnoses common to this patient population.FINDINGS Activity intolerance was present in 100% of patients regardless of severity of CHF. Fluid volume excess was present in 79% of patients with types I and II, and in 92% with types II and IV. Sleep pattern disturbance occurred in 80% with types I and II, and in 90% with types II and IV.CONCLUSIONSCHF is considered a syndrome having several signs and symptoms, which evidences the need for language standardization and systematic nursing assistance.
Quality Nursing Care of Drug‐Dependent Patients
Authors: Apalategui Mercedes Ugalde , Canut Teresa Lluch 
Published: September 2010

PURPOSETo detect the areas of most need for care and the prevalence of the nursing diagnoses in methadone maintenance programs.METHODSThe study was carried out with a sample of 131 subjects (average age 33 years) included in a methadone maintenance program. There was a predominance of males (76%). A high percentage (72%) were disabled or unemployed.The evaluation was done by students in an alcohol and drug dependency nursing course at the School of Nursing of the University of Barcelona, trained and supervised by nurses from the clinical area. Assessments took place in methadone maintenance program units. The Sociodemographic and Assessments of Needs Questionnaire was developed to collect data. NANDA's Taxonomy was used to determine nursing diagoses.FINDINGSRest and Sleep were the areas that demonstrated the greatest need. Eleven diagnostic labels covered 75% of cases. The six most frequent diagnoses were sleep pattern disturbance, altered nutrition: less than body requirements, constipation, self‐care deficit, altered role performance, and self‐esteem disturbance.CONCLUSIONSResults obtained in the assessment of needs agreed with NANDA's nursing diagnoses and with the proposed “Standards of Addictions Nursing Practice with Selected Diagnoses and Criteria” by the American Nurses Association, the Drug and Alcohol Nursing Association, and the National Nursing Society on Addictions. Based on the results of this study, we are working to validate the Nursing Intervention Program using NIC for the six prevalent nursing diagnoses identified in patients in the methadone maintenance program.
Coining and Defining Novel Nursing Terminology. Part 2: Critical Incident Nursing Intervention
Authors: Wong Elizabeth 
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE.  In the second of a three‐part series, a novel nursing terminology is introduced and proposed for inclusion in the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC): Critical incident nursing intervention (CINI), defined as any indirect or direct care registered nurse–initiated treatment, based upon clinical judgment and knowledge that a registered nurse performs in response to a critical incident nursing diagnosis (CIND). A CIND is defined as recognition of an acute life‐threatening event that occurs as a result of disease, surgery, treatment, or medication.DATA SOURCES.  The literature, research studies, meta‐analyses from a variety of disciplines, and personal clinical experience serve as the data sources for this article. DATA SYNTHESIS.  The current nursing interventions in the NIC are inaccurate or inadequate for describing nursing care during life‐threatening situations. The lack of standardized nursing terminology creates a barrier that may impede critical communication and patient care during life‐threatening situations. CONCLUSION.  Coining and defining novel nursing terminology, CINI, for patient care during life‐threatening situations is important and fills the gap in the current standardized nursing terminology. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  Refining the NIC will permit nursing researchers, among others, to conduct studies on nursing interventions in conjunction with the proposed novel nursing terminology, CINI. The first article in this series (Part 1) introduced the novel nursing terminology: CIND; the present article (Part 2) introduces the novel nursing terminology: CINI; and the third article in this series (Part 3) will introduce the novel nursing terminology: critical incident control.
Do star formation rates of galaxy clusters depend on mass? Blue/late-type fractions and total star formation rates of 115 galaxy clusters as a function of cluster virial mass
Authors: Goto Tomotsugu 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
There has been plenty of observational evidence of cluster galaxy evolution such as the Butcher–Oemler effect and the decrease in S0 fraction with increasing redshift. As a modern version, the redshift evolution of total star formation rate (SFR) in clusters has been actively debated recently. However, these studies of redshift trend have been always hampered by the possible mass dependence; due to the observational selection effects, clusters found at higher redshift inevitably tend to be more massive and luminous than local counterparts. Consequently, one has to correct for the mass trend before interpreting the redshift trend. As an attempt to break this degeneracy, we investigate the mass dependence of blue/late-type fractions and total SFR of 115 clusters at z≤ 0.09 selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that none of the blue/late-type fractions, total SFR and total SFR normalized by cluster mass show significant dependence on cluster virial mass. The scatter is much larger at each cluster mass than a possible trend. Our results indicates that physical mechanisms that depend on cluster mass (such as the ram-pressure stripping) are not likely to be solely responsible for cluster galaxy evolution. Our results also provide an excellent low-redshift comparison sample for future high-redshift cluster SFR studies.
Upper limits on central black hole masses of globular clusters from radio emission and a possible black hole detection in the Ursa Minor dwarf galaxy
Authors: Maccarone Thomas J. , Fender Robert P. , Tzioumis Anastasios K. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have been alternatively predicted to be quite common in the centres of globular clusters or nearly impossible to form and retain in the centres of globular clusters. As it has been recently shown that radio observations are currently the most sensitive observational technique for detecting such objects, we have obtained new deep radio observations of Omega Cen, and have reanalyzed older observations of M 15 in the hope of constraining the masses of possible black holes in their centres. In both cases, upper limits of about 100 μJy are found at GHz frequencies. We find that if the Bondi–Hoyle accretion rate truly represents the spherical accretion rate onto a black hole, then the masses of the black holes in the centres of these two galaxies are severely constrained – with mass limits of less than about 100 solar masses in both cases. If more realistic assumptions are made based on recent work showing the Bondi rate to be a severe overestimate, then the data for Omega Cen are marginally consistent with a black hole of about 1/1000 of the mass of the cluster (i.e. about 1000 M⊙). The data for M 15 are then only marginally consistent with previous reports of a ~2000 solar mass black hole, and we note that there is considerable hope for either detecting the black hole or improving this upper limit with current instrumentation. Finally, we discuss the possibility that the radio source near the core of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy is a ~104-M⊙ black hole.
Gamma-ray bursts in 1.8 &lt; z &lt; 5.6 suggest that the time variation of the dark energy is small
Authors: Kodama Yoshiki , Yonetoku Daisuke , Murakami Toshio , Tanabe Sachiko , Tsutsui Ryo , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We calibrated the peak energy–peak luminosity relation of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; the so-called Yonetoku relation) using 33 events with redshift z &lt; 1.62 without assuming any cosmological models. The luminosity distances to GRBs are estimated from those of large numbers of Type Ia supernovae with z &lt; 1.755. This calibrated Yonetoku relation can be used as a new cosmic distance ladder towards higher redshifts. We determined the luminosity distances of 30 GRBs in 1.8 &lt; z &lt; 5.6 using the calibrated relation, and plotted the likelihood contour in the (Ωm, ΩΛ) plane. We obtained (Ωm, ΩΛ) = (0.37+0.14−0.11, 0.63+0.11−0.14) for a flat universe. Because our method is free from the circularity problem, we can say that our universe in 1.8 &lt; z &lt; 5.6 is compatible with the so-called concordance cosmological model derived for z &lt; 1.8. This suggests that the time variation of the dark energy is small or zero up to z∼ 6.
On the asynchronization of hemispheric high-latitude solar activity
Authors: Li K. J. , Gao P. X. , Zhan L. S. , Shi X. J. , Zhu W. W. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The monthly mean numbers of polar faculae in the time interval of 1951 August to 1998 December, from observations of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan are used to investigate the reasons which mathematically result in the asynchronization of high-latitude solar activity between the northern and southern hemispheres. It is found that the monthly mean numbers of polar faculae in the northern hemisphere three months lead those in the southern one, which should mathematically lead to phase asynchrony of the hemispheric polar-facula activity but with a slight effect. The Schwabe period length for the polar-facula activity in one hemisphere obviously differs from that in the other, which should also lead to phase asynchrony of the hemispheric polar-facula activity. It is the low-frequency components of the hemispheric polar-facula activity in period scales around the Schwabe cycle that are responsible for its strong phase synchronization. In the high-frequency components, there is a strong phase mixing, which should also lead to phase asynchrony of the hemispheric polar-facula activity.
Evolution of stellar structure in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Gieles M. , Bastian N. , Ercolano B. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The projected distribution of stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) from the Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey is analysed. Stars of different ages are selected via criteria based on V magnitude and V−I colour, and the degree of ‘grouping’ as a function of age is studied. We quantify the degree of structure using the two-point correlation function and a method based on the Minimum Spanning Tree and find that the overall structure of the SMC is evolving from a high degree of substructure at young ages (∼10 Myr) to a smooth radial density profile. This transition is gradual and at ∼75 Myr the distribution is statistically indistinguishable from the background SMC distribution. This time-scale corresponds to approximately the dynamical crossing time of stars in the SMC. The spatial positions of the star clusters in the SMC show a similar evolution of spatial distribution with age. Our analysis suggests that stars form with a high degree of (fractal) substructure, probably imprinted by the turbulent nature of the gas from which they form, which is erased by random motions in the galactic potential on a time-scale of a galactic crossing time.
The mid-infrared [S iv]/[Ne ii] versus [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] correlation
Authors: Groves Brent , Nefs Bas , Brandl Bernhard 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The mid-infrared (MIR) ratio [Ne iii]15.6 μm/[Ne ii]12.8 μm is a strong diagnostic of the ionization state of emission-line objects, due to its use of only strong neon emission lines only weakly affected by extinction. However, this ratio is not available to ground-based telescopes as only a few spectroscopic windows are available in the MIR. To deal with this problem, we aimed to verify if there exists a conversion law between the ground-accessible, strong MIR line ratio [S iv]/[Ne ii] and the diagnostic [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] ratio that can serve as a reference for future ground-based observations. We collated the [S iv]10.5 μm, [Ne ii]12.8 μm, [Ne iii]15.6 μm and [S iii]18.7 μm emission-line fluxes from a wide range of sources in the rich Spitzer and Infrared Space Observatory archives, and compared the [Ne iii]/[Ne ii], [S iv]/[S iii] and [S iv]/[Ne ii] ratios. We find a strong correlation between the [S iv]/[Ne ii] and [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] ratios, with a linear fit of log([Ne iii]/[Ne ii]) = 0.81 log([S iv]/[Ne ii]) + 0.36, accurate to a factor of ∼2 over four orders of magnitude in the line ratios. This demonstrates clearly the ability of ground-based infrared spectrographs to do ionization studies of nebulae.
Learning by sharing: waiters' and bartenders' experiences of service encounters*
Authors: Lundberg Christine , Mossberg Lena 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper aims at understanding what happens before, during and after critical service encounters, which gives an insight into which employee skills are central for coping with such encounters in hospitality. Furthermore, the study seeks to understand how education, vocational training and informal training affect front liners' experiences of critical service encounters. Findings show that there are three categories of skills that are central to employees when dealing with critical service encounters: technical (‘hard’), social (‘soft’) and aesthetic (appearance) skills. These skills are mainly learnt by formal education (technical), informal information sharing among employees (social) and interaction with guests (aesthetic).
Drama in the dining room: theatrical perspectives on the foodservice encounter
Authors: Morgan Michael , Watson Pamela , Hemmington Nigel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the development of the theatrical metaphor in the services management and consumer behaviour literature, and explores the insights this metaphor provides for the management of the encounter between the consumer and the foodservice provider. At one level, regarding foodservice as a theatrical performance encourages managers to ‘put on a show’– to use staff (actors), processes (scripts) and physical evidence (props and sets) to enhance the customer experience. If, however, the metaphor is applied in a deeper way where the customer is seen not as the audience but as a participant in the show, then the managers' role becomes one of providing the space in which the experience is co‐created; a stage on which the customer is the star, and the staff the supporting cast. An analysis of the service encounter as a drama can reveal the role the customer is playing, the superobjective behind their visit to the restaurant, and the unspoken subtext behind critical incidents. The restaurant itself needs to remain in character, presenting a consistent message, for example of hospitableness and generosity.