bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexuality of people living with a mental illness: A collaborative challenge for mental health nurses
Authors: Quinn Chris , Browne Graeme 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThis article is a review of the literature examining the sexuality of mental health consumers and the role of mental health nurses. A search identified 72 English articles on the topic. The evidence clearly indicates that sexuality is a critical aspect of who we are as individuals, and of how we view ourselves, but discussion of this topic is neglected by mental health nurses. Discussion focuses upon the wide acceptance of sexuality as a legitimate area for nurses to address in their care, and addresses mental health nurses' lack of knowledge about sexuality, conservative attitudes, and anxiety when discussing sexual issues. Consumer sexuality is poorly assessed in mental health, and is infrequently explored by mental health nurses. The result is that issues of sexuality for the consumer continue to affect many areas of their lives, including their relationships and ongoing commitment to treatment. The nurse–consumer relationship provides an opportunity to take sexual history into consideration, promote safe sexual practices, discuss sexual problems, and educate clients about sexual issues. This literature review identifies the need for further discussion of this topic and for research to point the way ahead for this important but neglected area of mental health nursing.
Powerlessness, marginalized identity, and silencing of health concerns: Voiced realities of women living with a mental health diagnosis
Authors: Van Den Tillaart Susan , Kurtz Donna , Cash Penny 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTUsing a feminist qualitative approach, this study substantiated many earlier research findings that document how women with a mental health diagnosis experience unequal access to comprehensive health care compared to the general population. Accounts of this disparity are documented in the literature, yet the literature has failed to record or attend to the voices of those living with mental health challenges. In this paper, women living with a mental health diagnosis describe their experiences as they interface with the health‐care system. The participating women's stories clearly relate the organizational and interpersonal challenges commonly faced when they seek health‐care services. The stories include experiences of marginalized identity, powerlessness, and silencing of voiced health concerns. The women tell of encountered gaps in access to health care and incomplete health assessment, screening, and treatment. It becomes clear that personal and societal stigmatization related to the mental health diagnosis plays a significant role in these isolating and unsatisfactory experiences. Lastly, the women offer beginning ideas for change by suggesting starting points to eliminate the institutional and interpersonal obstacles or barriers to their wellness. The concerns raised demand attention, reconsideration, and change by those in the health‐care system responsible for policy and practice.
The village clay: recursive innovations and community self‐fashioning among Sinhalese potters
Authors: Winslow Deborah 
Published: May 2009

Capital‐intensive technological change among petty commodity producers is often thought to increase socio‐economic and gender differentiation. But among the Sri Lankan potters described here, this appears not to have happened. Instead, the community has harnessed the power of kinship and memory to maintain egalitarian and communitarian values and practices, and sustain a fragile but eminently practical balance between the needs of individual households and the interests of the community they comprise and on which they depend. Building on economist W. Brian Arthur's theories of origination and archaeologist Sander van der Leeuw's work on potter agency, it is argued here that culture and social organization comprise support systems that are as vital as capital to successful technological change.RésuméLe changement technologique à fort investissement de capitaux chez les petits producteurs de marchandises courantes est souvent considéré comme un facteur de renforcement des différenciations socio‐économiques et de genre. Il semble pourtant que cela ne soit pas le cas chez les potiers du Sri Lanka décrits ici. Leur communauté sait au contraire exploiter la force de la parenté et de la mémoire pour entretenir des valeurs et pratiques égalitaires et communautaires et maintenir un équilibre, fragile mais éminemment pratique, entre les besoins de chacun des foyers et les intérêts de la communauté qu'ils composent et de laquelle ils dépendent. Sur la base des théories des origines de l'économiste W. Brian Arthur et des travaux de l'archéologue Sander van der Leeuw sur l'agency des potiers, l'auteur affirme que la culture et l'organisation sociale composent des systèmes de soutien qui sont aussi indispensables au changement technologique que les capitaux.
Why Mapuche sing
Authors: Course Magnus 
Published: May 2009

This article attempts to draw out some of the connections between the attraction of personal songs (ül) and ideas about personhood among rural Mapuche people in southern Chile. Approaching these songs from both sociological and semiotic perspectives, I argue that they are constituted as imprints of the singular subjectivities of their initial composers. A focus on three specific features ofül– their use of first‐person pronouns, their entextualization, and their musicality – reveals how they allow the subjectivities encapsulated within them to become ‘inhabited’ by others. I conclude by suggesting that this process of inhabiting distinct subjectivities through song resonates with and responds to a problem of epistemological solipsism grounded in Mapuche ideas about the singularity of human nature.RésuméLe présent article cherche à retracer quelques‐uns des liens entre l'attrait des chants personnels (ül) et les idées sur la personnalité chez les Mapuches ruraux du Sud du Chili. À travers une approche à la fois sociologique et sémiotique de ces chants, l'auteur avance qu'ils sont perçus comme des empreintes de la subjectivité singulière de leur compositeur initial. L'accent mis sur les trois caractéristiques spécifiques desül(utilisation de pronoms à la première personne, entextualisation et musicalité) révèle la façon dont ils permettent aux subjectivités qu'ils renferment d'être « habitées » par d'autres. L'auteur suggère, en conclusion, que ce processus d'investissement de subjectivités distinctes par le chant entre en résonance et en correspondance avec un problème de solipsisme épistémologique, ancré dans les idées de singularité de la nature humaine des Mapuches.
How reliable is an undetectable viral load?
Authors: Combescure C , Vallier N , Ledergerber B , Cavassini M , Furrer H , Rauch A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Vernazza P , Hirschel B ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: May 2009

Objectives
An article by the Swiss AIDS Commission states that patients with stably suppressed viraemia [i.e. several successive HIV‐1 RNA plasma concentrations (viral loads, VL) below the limits of detection during 6 months or more of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)] are unlikely to be infectious. Questions then arise: how reliable is the undetectability of the VL, given the history of measures? What factors determine reliability?Methods
We assessed the probability (henceforth termed reliability) that the n+1 VL would exceed 50 or 1000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL when the nth one had been <50 copies/mL in 6168 patients of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study who were continuing to take HAART between 2003 and 2007. General estimating equations were used to analyse potential factors of reliability.Results
With a cut‐off at 50 copies/mL, reliability was 84.5% (n=1), increasing to 94.5% (n=5). Compliance, the current type of HAART and the first antiretroviral therapy (ART) received (HAART or not) were predictive factors of reliability. With a cut‐off at 1000 copies/mL, reliability was 97.5% (n=1), increasing to 99.1% (n=4). Chart review revealed that patients had stopped their treatment, admitted to major problems with compliance or were taking non‐HAART ART in 72.2% of these cases. Viral escape caused by resistance was found in 5.6%. No explanation was found in the charts of 22.2% of cases.Conclusions
After several successive VLs at <50 copies/mL, reliability reaches approximately 94% with a cut‐off of 50 copies/mL and approximately 99% with a cut‐off at 1000 copies/mL. Compliance is the most important factor predicting reliability.
Cuticular damage to African–American hair during relaxer treatments – A microfluorometric and SEM Study
Authors: Ruetsch S. B. , Yang B. , Kamath Y. K. 
Published: May 2009

Citation: IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (2) 131–137Abstract:  In earlier publications [1,2,3 we discussed several in‐depth studies of characterization and quantification of damage done to European dark brown hair fibres by photochemical and cosmetic‐chemical oxidation (bleaching) and reduction (perming) processes. These earlier studies established considerable changes in surface chemistry such as an increase in acidity and hydrophilicity. We discussed in detail the breakdown of the lipid domains (delipidation) of the outer ®‐layer of the exposed scale faces and generation of anionic (sulphonic acid) groups (acidification) on the hair surface caused by these oxidative and reduction processes. The goal of this current study is to characterize and quantify the level of chemical and physical changes in the surface of African–American hair caused by various »lye‐based« and »no‐lye« relaxer treatments [4]. This study attempts to establish which product delivers the best »hair straightening« performance while resulting in the least chemical and physical changes in the hair surface. We again use a microfluorometric technique with the help of the cationic fluorochrome Rhodamine B to detect, map and quantify relaxer‐induced changes in the surface chemistry of human hair fibre. In addition, we also use SEM at various magnifications to highlight relaxer‐induced changes in the physical nature of the hair surface. We attempt to associate the level of increase in fluorescence intensity, which represents an increased level of delipidation/acidification of the hair surface, with the damage level to the hair topography, and thus, determine the least damaging cosmetic chemical process. Damage to the physical nature of the hair topography as observed by SEM shows a clear difference between treatments involving lab‐made relaxer solutions and commercial relaxer systems.Keywords:  African‐American hair, commercial relaxer systems, microfluorometry, relaxer‐induced surface changes/damage, physical nature, surface chemistry, relaxer solutions, SEM, +lye‐based1/2 and +no‐lye1/2 relaxers,
A highly sensitive method to determine the washing resistance of artificial hair colours
Authors: Schulze zur Wiesche E. , Erpenbach S. 
Published: May 2009

Citation: IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (2) 139–142Abstract:  Due to the improved performance of modern hair colorants, the high natural variability in hair qualities and the individual influences of manual product applications, colour care effects of cosmetic treatments are very difficult to detect. A new, highly sensitive test method to study the colour fading behaviour of human hair was established for a large variety of cosmetic treatments. This method is based on an automatic multistage application of standard wool tissues combined with automatic colour evaluation by means of CIE L × a × b × measurements (DIN 5033). The delta E values are the main interest because they include all information regarding the L (black vs. white), a (red‐green) and b (blue‐yellow) axes defined in the Hunter Lab colour space. For validation of this new method, different permanent and non‐permanent hair colour shades were applied to undamaged light brown Caucasian hair strands. The hair strands were washed manually stepwise 30 times and the colour loss compared with the results obtained on wool tissues using an automatic application system. For most of the investigated hair colours, a coefficient of determination of r2 > 0.99 was achieved. Modern permanent hair colours show a high resistance to cosmetic treatments. Over 90% of the initial colour result was retained after 30 product applications. Shampoo and conditioner formulations induce different degrees of colour loss in hair. In basic formulas significant influences of single surfactants could be detected. The new method using wool tissues correlates very well with that using manually washed Caucasian hair strands. This automatic method is very time‐effective and offers an excellent reproducibility with a high sensitivity for assessing product influences on artificial hair colours.Keywords:  Color fading, color protection, color retention, hair color resistance, hair wash simulationPaper presented at the IFSCC Conference 2007, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Shrinkage properties of differently managed clay soils in Finland
Authors: Rasa K. , Horn R. , Räty M. , Yli‐Halla M. , Pietola L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSoil cracking is a well‐known phenomenon, also seen in clay soils in the boreal climatic zone. This study was carried out to quantify soil shrinkage properties in six differently managed clay soils in Finland (Vertic Cambisols, 51% clay). Cylinder samples (100 cm3) were taken in spring from two depths (0–5 and 5–10 cm), then saturated with water and dried as a function of applied suction. The heights of the sample were measured after each drying step and the volume of soil was calculated assuming isotropic shrinkage. The volume loss by shrinkage at a suction of −50 kPa was 1.6–3.8% and the total shrinkage was 5.2–10.5% of the total soil volume, respectively. All shrinkage curves showed structural shrinkage which occurred in the matric potential range from saturation to around −6 kPa. The shrinkage curves were characterized by minor proportional and wide residual shrinkage zones. Eight of twelve sites showed a steeper shrinkage in the proportional shrinkage zone than the theoretical 1:1 line. Large slope values, up to 3.0, reflect the collapse of inter‐aggregate pore space due to shrinkage pressure. The results indicate significant particle rearrangement and structural changes, e.g. structural collapse and changes in inter‐aggregate pore space due to shrinkage pressure. Continuous water saturation and variable periods of freezing between spring and autumn are mostly responsible for soil weakness against increasing effective stress as soil dries. It is presumed that shrinkage behaviour will change substantially with increases in drying and wetting cycles.
The effects of applied crop residues on losses of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in run‐off from a soil prone to crusting
Authors: Mirás Avalos J. M. , Bertol I. , Sande Fouz P. , Díaz C. Carballeira , Vidal Vázquez E. , Gonzalez A. Paz 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTillage practices may reduce the organic matter content in near‐surface soil horizons causing crust formation. Surface conditions may cause an increase in surface run‐off, thus enhancing contaminant transfer of heavy metals or an acceleration in nutrient loss. This study examines the effect of applying crop residues to the surface of tilled soils on heavy metal losses by run‐off. Losses in iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were analysed. Run‐off and sediment yield were measured on 1 m2 plots using a rainfall simulator with a constant 65 mm/h intensity. Four successive rainfall applications were performed, the first three at 25 mm each and the last at 65 mm. Added corn straw varied between 0 and 4 t/ha in the five studied treatments. After 140 mm cumulative rainfall, total heavy metal losses were as follows: Fe from 137 to 950 mg/L, Mn from 2.3 to 12.83 mg/L, Cu from 0.09 to 0.72 mg/L and Zn from 0.31 to 2.46 mg/L. Dissolved fractions were as follows: Fe from 0.014 to 0.229 mg/L, Mn from 0.034 to 1.45 mg/L, Cu from 0.002 to 0.013 mg/L and Zn from 0.02 to 0.12 mg/L. Total concentrations of the studied elements decreased exponentially due to the effect of corn straw on soil loss. However, dissolved contents of Fe and Cu scarcely varied. Significant positive linear correlations were observed between total heavy metal content and soil and sediment loss by run‐off. It is concluded that the addition of straw to a soil of low fertility prevents heavy metal loss.
Pediatric Out‐of‐hospital Emergency Medical Services Utilization in Kansas City, Missouri
Authors: Miller Melissa K. , Denise Dowd M. , Gratton Matthew C. , Cai Jinwen , Simon Stephen D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to describe epidemiologic features and usage patterns of pediatric emergency medical services (EMS) transports in Kansas City, Missouri.Methods:  The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of transports from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2004, for Kansas City, Missouri, residents younger than 15 years of age (excluding interfacility transports. Data included demographics, insurance, day and time of transport, patient zip code, chief complaint, and number of individual transports. Rates were calculated using intercensal estimates for the denominator. All rates were expressed as number of transports per 1,000 persons per year (PPY).Results:  A total of 5,717 pediatric transports occurred in the 3‐year study period. Transport rates were 18 PPY for all users, 42 PPY for those <1 year old, 23 PPY for ages 1–4 years, 12 PPY for ages 5–9 years, and 14 PPY for ages 10–14 years. Infants <1 year were more likely than children aged 5–9 years to use EMS (relative risk [RR] = 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.4 to 4.0). Males were more likely than females to use EMS (RR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.3). Most (64%) were insured by Medicaid. Transports peaked between 4 pm and 8 pm, and lowest usage was 4 am to 8 am (p < 0.001). Overall usage did not vary by weekday or season. Respiratory transports were more common in the fall and winter, while trauma transports were more common in the summer (p < 0.001). The most common diagnoses were trauma (27%), neurologic (19%), and respiratory (18%). Eleven percent of users accessed EMS more than once (26% of all transports). There was a significant inverse linear relationship between transport rate and median family income by zip code (r = −0.36, p < 0.001).Conclusions:  Children in zip codes with lower incomes, infants, and males were more likely to use EMS. Factors related to these increased transport rates are unknown.
A comparative study of oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour of non‐medical, para‐medical and medical students in Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Sharda AJ , Shetty S 
Published: May 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00393.x Sharda AJ, Shetty S. A comparative study of oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour of non‐medical, para‐medical and medical students in Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India.Abstract:  Aim:  The aim of the study was to assess and compare the Oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the non‐medical, para‐medical and medical students.Material and methods:  In a cross‐sectional study, a total of 825 students (males – 577, females – 248) of six different professions belonging to non‐medical, para‐medical and medical categories were surveyed using a self‐administered, structured questionnaire pretested through a pilot survey. The mean percentage scores, standard deviation and frequency distribution were calculated. The Student’s t‐test, anova test, Scheffe’s test and chi‐squared test were used as test of significance. The linear regression analysis was used to assess the relation of behaviour with knowledge and attitude.Results:  The knowledge scores were significantly higher for the medical students compared with those of non‐medical students. The attitude scores were significantly lower for the non‐medical category compared with the other two categories and the scores were the highest among the para‐medical students. The behaviour scores were significantly lower for the non‐medical students than for the para‐medical and the medical categories. All the scores were significantly higher for females than for the males. Regression analysis showed a linear relationship of behaviour with the attitude, but no significant linear relation with the knowledge.Conclusion:  All the students showed low level of knowledge and the preventive behaviour among the students could still be improved. The results indicate that the knowledge was not enough to influence the oral health behaviour, but behaviour showed linear relationship with attitude of the students.
Homozygous LMNA mutation R527C in atypical Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome: evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance
Authors: Liang Lili , Zhang Huiwen , Gu Xuefan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim:  To describe two Chinese siblings of atypical Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), with genetic diagnosis and special clinical manifestation.Methods:  We screened the LMNA gene in four members of a consanguineous family, in which two children were suffering from atypical HGPS. Besides general HGPS features, such as growth retardation and characteristic appearance, special clinical phenotypes including disorders of digestive system and severe skeletal damages were observed.Results:  Homozygous mutation 1579C>T, which predicts R527C, was identified in the exon 9 of LMNA among the affected siblings. Heterozygous carrier status 1579C>T was detected in both of the asymptomatic parents.Conclusion:  Homozygous mutation R527C in LMNA yields atypical HGPS, and it suggests an autosomal recessive inheritance in this family.
Starburst-driven galactic outflows
Authors: Nath Biman B. , Silk Joseph 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We propose a model of starburst-driven galactic outflows whose dynamics depend on both radiation and thermal pressure. Standard models of thermal pressure-driven winds fail to explain some key observations of outflows at low- and high-redshift galaxies. We discuss a scenario in which radiation pressure from massive stars in a stellar population drive a shell of gas and dust. Subsequent supernova explosions from the most massive stars in this population then drive stellar ejecta outwards in a rarefied medium, making it collide with the radiation-pressure-driven shell. The collision imparts renewed momentum to the shell, and the resulting re-acceleration makes the shell Rayleigh–Taylor unstable, fragmenting the shell. We show that the speed of these ballistic fragments can explain some recently observed correlations in Lyman break galaxies among wind speed, reddening and star formation rate.