bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echinoid regulates tracheal morphology and fusion cell fate in Drosophila
Authors: Laplante Caroline , Paul Sarah M. , Beitel Greg J. , Nilson Laura A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMorphogenesis of the Drosophila embryonic trachea involves a stereotyped pattern of epithelial tube branching and fusion. Here, we report unexpected phenotypes resulting from maternal and zygotic (M/Z) loss of the homophilic cell adhesion molecule Echinoid (Ed), as well as the subcellular localization of Ed in the trachea. edM/Z embryos have convoluted trachea reminiscent of septate junction (SJ) and luminal matrix mutants. However, Ed does not localize to SJs, and edM/Z embryos have intact SJs and show normal luminal accumulation of the matrix‐modifying protein Vermiform. Surprisingly, tracheal length is not increased in edM/Z mutants, but a previously undescribed combination of reduced intersegmental spacing and deep epidermal grooves produces a convoluted tracheal phenotype. In addition, edM/Z mutants have unique fusion defects involving supernumerary fusion cells, ectopic fusion events and atypical branch breaks. Tracheal‐specific expression of Ed rescues these fusion defects, indicating that Ed acts in trachea to control fusion cell fate. Developmental Dynamics 239:2509–2519, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large‐scale, long‐term nonadiabatic electron molecular dynamics for describing material properties and phenomena in extreme environments
Authors: Jaramillo‐Botero Andres , Su Julius , Qi An , Goddard William A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe describe the first principle‐based electron force field (eFF) methodology for modeling the simultaneous dynamics of electrons and nuclei (eMD) evolving nonadiabatically under transient extreme conditions. We introduce the parallel implementation of eFF (pEFF) that makes it practical to perform simulations of the nonadiabatic dynamics of materials in extreme environments involving millions of nuclei and electrons, over multi‐picoseconds time scales, and demonstrate its application to: (i) accurately determine density and predict percent ionization of hydrogen at high pressure (∼61 GPa) and temperatures up to 15,300 K and (ii) determine, the single shock Hugoniot for lithium metal directly from the shock wave kinematics, i.e., mass velocities (Up) and shock wave velocities (Us), and shock density data. For (i), the density and ionization fractions of hydrogen atoms were calculated using the isobaric–isothermal ensemble at an isotropic pressure of 61.4 GPa and for temperatures between 300 K and 15,300 K. The results at 15,300 K describe a molecular fluid with density ρ = 0.36 g/cm3, in close agreement with existing experiments and theory, and ∼0.5% ionization. This result provides no indication of the existence of a critical plasma phase‐transition point at this particular temperature and pressure, as previously predicted by others. For (ii), the relationship between Up and Us was characterized to be linear and plastic in the range 1–20 km/s, and the single shock Hugoniot was determined in close agreement with published results for experimentally reported Ups. In addition to this, we provide a description of the materials' behavior for large Ups in terms of the appearance of a weak metallic plasma phase by Up = 10 km/s, with ≃ 8% ionization, gradually transitioning to a denser plasma with an estimated ≃ 35% ionization by Up = 15 km/s. Last but not least, we confirm the computational efficiency and scalability of pEFF by comparing its single processor performance against the fastest existing serial code, which results in a linear speedup ∼10× faster for every 16,000 particles in favor of pEFF, and by evaluating its parallel performance in terms of its strong and weak scaling capabilities. Our results, on Los Alamos's Lobo supercomputer (a 38TFLOPSs Linux HPC with Quad‐core AMD Opteron nodes interconnected with an Infiniband), show strong scaling with near ideal speedups for loads >62 particles per processor. Weak scaling is shown to be close to linear under the same per‐processor load range. As an absolute reference, an NVT run with 2 million particle lithium bulk system (0.5 M nuclei and 1.5 M electrons) on Lobo takes ∼0.44 s/timestep on 1024 processors (∼1 day/ps using an integration timestep of 0.005 fs). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Communications on quantum similarity, part 3: A geometric‐quantum similarity molecular superposition algorithm
Authors: Carbó‐Dorca Ramon , Besalú Emili , Mercado Luz Dary 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis work describes a new procedure to obtain optimal molecular superposition based on quantum similarity (QS): the geometric‐quantum similarity molecular superposition (GQSMS) algorithm. It has been inspired by the QS Aufbau principle, already described in a previous work, to build up coherently quantum similarity matrices (QSMs). The cornerstone of the present superposition technique relies upon the fact that quantum similarity integrals (QSIs), defined using a GTO basis set, depend on the squared intermolecular atomic distances. The resulting QSM structure, constructed under the GQSMS algorithm, becomes not only optimal in terms of its QSI elements but can also be arranged to produce a positive definite matrix global structure. Kruskal minimum spanning trees are also discussed as a device to order molecular sets described in turn by means of QSM. Besides the main subject of this work, focused on MS and QS, other practical considerations are also included in this study: essentially the use of elementary Jacobi rotations as QSM refinement tools and inward functions as QSM scaling methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Adenocarcinoma arising from colonic duplication cyst with metastasis to omentum: A case report
Authors: Hsu Haw , Gueng Mein‐Kai , Tseng Yun‐Hsuan , Wu Cheng‐Chung , Liu Pi‐Haw , Chen Clayton Chi‐Chang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGastrointestinal tract duplications are uncommon congenital abnormalities. Carcinoma arising from duplication cyst is extremely rare, not to mention metastasis to other organs. We present a case of adenocarcinoma arising from a colonic duplication cyst with invasion of the serosa and metastasis to the omentum in a 40‐year‐old man. Duplication cysts should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic masses of the gastrointestinal tract. Because these lesions occur so infrequently, they are often not suspected until encountered intraoperatively. The specific findings and advantages of sonography are reviewed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Sensoren zur Überwachung biotechnologischer Prozesse
Authors: Scheper Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn der Biotechnologie muß die chemische Umgebung einer Zelle sehr genau analysiert werden, um sicher zu sein, daß sich die Zelle in einer optimalen Umgebung befindet. Neben der Nährstoffversorgung ist zu überprüfen, ob die Zellen die gewünschten Substanzen synthetisieren. Mit Biosensoren können in der Bioprozeßanalytik einfach und sehr selektiv einzelne Substanzen in kompliziert zusammengesetzten Proben nachgewiesen werden.
Brücke in den Fernen Osten
Authors: Grunwald Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie nach dem Vorbild der ACHEMA organisierte AchemAsia hat innerhalb weniger Jahre eine Schlüsselfunktion für Technologietransfer und Investitionen aus dem Ausland in die Länder Asiens erlangt. Diese Einschätzung wird durch den erneuten Anstieg der Zahl von Fachbesuchern gegenüber 1995 um 11% und die überwiegende Zufriedenheit der Aussteller bestätigt.
Ethylene polymerization reactions with multicenter Ziegler‐Natta catalysts—Manipulation of active center distribution
Authors: Kissin Yury V. , Mink Robert I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article describes ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization reactions with a supported titanium‐based, multicenter Ziegler‐Natta catalyst. The catalyst was modified by pretreating its solid precursor with AlEt2Cl and with similar organoaluminum chlorides, Al2Et3Cl3, AlEtCl2, and AlMe2Cl. Testing of the untreated and the pretreated catalysts in copolymerization reactions under standard reaction conditions demonstrated that the modifying agents produce two changes in the catalyst. First, the pretreatment significantly reduces the reactivity of active centers that produce high molecular weight, highly crystalline copolymer components with a low 1‐hexene content. Second, the pretreatment noticeably increases the reactivity of active centers that produce low molecular weight copolymer components with a high 1‐hexene content. The first effect is caused by Lewis acid‐base interactions of the modifiers with the active centers, whereas the second (activating) effect is due to the removal of catalyst poisons (organosilicon compounds generated in the process of the catalyst synthesis) by AlEt2Cl. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4219–4229, 2010
Role of Surface Area, Primary Particle Size, and Crystal Phase on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Dispersion Properties
Authors: Suttiponparnit Komkrit , Jiang Jingkun , Sahu Manoranjan , Suvachittanont Sirikalaya , Charinpanitkul Tawatchai , Biswas Pratim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCharacterizing nanoparticle dispersions and understanding the effect of parameters that alter dispersion properties are important for both environmental applications and toxicity investigations. The role of particle surface area, primary particle size, and crystal phase on TiO2 nanoparticle dispersion properties is reported. Hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and isoelectric point (IEP) of ten laboratory synthesized TiO2 samples, and one commercial Degussa TiO2 sample (P25) dispersed in different solutions were characterized. Solution ionic strength and pH affect titania dispersion properties. The effect of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (MgCl2) inert electrolytes on dispersion properties was quantified through their contribution to ionic strength. Increasing titania particle surface area resulted in a decrease in solution pH. At fixed pH, increasing the particle surface area enhanced the collision frequency between particles and led to a higher degree of agglomeration. In addition to the synthesis method, TiO2 isoelectric point was found to be dependent on particle size. As anatase TiO2 primary particle size increased from 6 nm to 104 nm, its IEP decreased from 6.0 to 3.8 that also results in changes in dispersion zeta potential and hydrodynamic size. In contrast to particle size, TiO2 nanoparticle IEP was found to be insensitive to particle crystal structure.
Measuring and Improving Ambulatory Surgery Patients' Satisfaction
Authors: Farber Janice 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe pressure on perioperative services to improve quality for health care consumers creates both challenges and opportunities. To make positive changes, many health care organizations contract with Press Ganey (PG), which processes an extensive database of more than 9.5 million surveys annually and provides benchmark reports to same‐type organizations. To measure and improve ambulatory surgery patient satisfaction at one health care network in northeastern Pennsylvania, the nursing leaders in the ambulatory surgery center and OR undertook a quality improvement project focused on educating perioperative nurses on the use of PG reports. After we reviewed the PG reports and implemented changes with nursing staff members in perioperative areas, PG patient satisfaction scores improved regarding information about delays (4.1%) and center attractiveness (0.2%).
The development of solid food intake in calves 4. The effect of the addition of material to the rumen, or its removal from the rumen, on voluntary food intake
Authors: Hodgson J. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY1. Eight British Friesian male calves were fitted with rumen cannulae at 4 weeks of age, and were given either chopped or pelleted dried grass to appetite. After weaning at 6 weeks the animals were allowed to eat to appetite, or the appropriate food material was added via the cannula, or digesta removed, at the rate of 20 % (dry-matter basis) of voluntary food intake, in alternating periods of 7 days.2. The addition of food material resulted in a depression in drymatter intake (DMI) which was greater than the increase in DMI following the removal of digesta, and the difference approached significance in the small number of comparisons possible.3. The response in voluntary food intake increased significantly with age, and reached or exceeded ‘adult’ levels within 6 weeks from weaning. It is postulated that oropharyngeal factors associated with the development of eating behaviour control the initial development of solid food intake; the influences of physical or metabolic limitations upon food intake increase with time.
The development of solid food intake in calves 5. The relationship between liquid and solid food intake
Authors: Hodgson J. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYReconstituted milk substitute was given at two concentrations of powder (10% and 20%), each at four levels (10% powder—8, 12, 16 and 20% of live weight (LW); 20% powder—6, 8, 10 and 12% of LW) to 3 British Friesian male calves per treatment from 2 to 4 weeks after arrival, and the calves were weaned over the next 7 days. Chopped dried grass was offered to appetite before and for 3 weeks after weaning. The amount of solid food eaten was not affected by the dry-matter concentration of the milk substitute, but was significantly depressed as the amount of milk consumed increased. Between-treatment differences in solid food intake established at weaning persisted until the end of the experiment. There was a dose, positive relationship between milk intake and live-weight gain (LWG) before weaning, but weight gain after weaning was not significantly affected by the level of milk intake before weaning.
The effect of increasing feed intake for one day only during the oestrus period on the reproductive performance of sows
Authors: Brooks P. H. , Cole D. J. A. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYTwo groups of 24 Landrace × Large White gilts were allocated at puberty to two feeding regimes during oestrus. The control group received 1·8 kg food/day throughout the oestrus period, while the flushed group had an additional 1·8 kg immediately after mating on the first day of oestrus. The treatments were imposed at the first post-puberal heat (second heat) and at the post-weaning oestrus in the second and third parities. The sows remained on the same treatment throughout the experiment. Litter performance was measured in the first two parities. The sows were slaughtered on day 25 of their third gestation to provide data on ovulation rate and embryo mortality. Increasing feed intake to 3·6 kg on the day of mating did not significantly affect the number of piglets born, number born live, or mean piglet weight, in either the first or second parity. In the third parity, ovulation rate, embryo number at 25 days of gestation and embryo mortality were unaffected by treatment.
Intensification of the spring-calving single-suckler herd
Authors: Powell T. L. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY1. For four consecutive years, each one of four herds of 13 cows and calves grazed land stocked and fertilized at one of the following combinations of rates (ha/cow, kg N/ha): 0·61, 82; 0·51, 82; 0·51,203 and 0·40, 203.2. The Devon and Devon × British Friesian cows present in each herd reared calves by Devon bulls. Calving occurred indoors over the period February to April, the cows having been housed in early December.3. Live-weight gains of calves to weaning in mid-October did not differ between herds in any year. Live-weight increase of cows over the grazing season was similar and substantial in all herds. On average pure-bred calves were 25 kg lighter at weaning than the cross-bred calves.4. The main difference between treatments was in quantity of grass conserved and it was only in the herd kept at 0·51 ha/cow, 203 kg N/ha that enough was made to supply all the energy needs of the herd for a 150-day winter.5. Gross margins/ha were greatest at the higher rate of nitrogen application but no further improvement was evident at the maximum stocking rate. The importance of maximizing output/animal is discussed.
The effect in ewes of source and level of dietary protein on milk yield, and the relationship between the intestinal supply of non-ammonia nitrogen and the production of milk protein
Authors: Gonzalez J. S. , Robinson J. J. , McHattie I. , Fraser C. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIndividually penned Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes in early lactation, and each suckling two lambs, were used to test the effects on milk yield, milk composition and the concentrations of some plasma constituents of supplementing a basal diet with either urea, groundnut, soya bean, linseed, fish, meat and bone, or blood meal. The basal diet contained 94 g crude protein and 10 MJ of metabolizable energy per kg dry matter and supplied daily 0·3 MJ of metabolizable energy per kg body weight. Except for urea, which was tested at an inclusion rate that increased the protein (nitrogen × 6·25) content of the basal diet by 43 g/kg, the remaining sources were tested at three levels, corresponding to increases in protein content of 34,60 and 86 g/kg. Daily milk yields were 1·92 and 2·08 kg for ewes given the basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with urea. For the high inclusion rates of each protein source the following daily yields were obtained (kg): groundnut, 2·26; soya bean, 2·45; meat and bone, 2·49; linseed, 2·68; fish, 2·84; and blood meal, 2·91. The daily yields of true protein in milk were (g): basal diet, 76; basal diet plus urea, 80; groundnut, 104; soya bean, 107; meat and bone, 105; linseed, 112; fish, 136; and blood meal, 125. Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids did not appear to support the hypothesis that the milk yield response to protein is accomplished solely by increases in tissue energy loss.The increment in the amount of non-ammonia nitrogen reaching the abomasum as a result of the low levels of inclusion of the protein sources in the basal diet was used for the production of true protein-nitrogen in milk with an efficiency of 0·58.
A comparison of the progeny of British Friesian dams and different sire breeds in 16- and 24-month beef production systems 1. Live-weight gain and efficiency of food utilization
Authors: Southgate J. R. , Cook G. L. , Kempster A. J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe live-weight gain and efficiency of food utilization of purebred British Friesian steers and of crossbred steers out of British Friesian dams by Aberdeen-Angus, Charolais, Devon, Hereford, Lincoln Red, Simmental, South
Devon and Sussex sires were examined in two beef production systems. One system was similar to the commercial 18-month grass/cereal system (16-month system) and the other to a commercial 2-year system (24-month system). The cattle were slaughtered at a standard level of fatness, determined by the use of the Scanogram ultrasonic machine.The trial extended over 3 years and a total of 579 cattle were involved.Data for the two production systems were analysed separately. Adjustment was made to equal age at the beginning of the test and to equal carcass subcutaneous fat concentration.There were important differences between sire breeds in daily live-weight gain (P < 0.05), the order of performance for the different sire breeds being similar in the two systems. Charolais and Simmental crosses grew fastest, followed by South Devon crosses, and then by the purebred British Friesian and the other native breed crosses. Faster growing sire-breed crosses were generally heavier and older at slaughter; they ate more, and there was no obvious relationship between sire-breed means for growth rate and efficiency. The range in efficiency between sire breeds was 27 g and 17 g live-weight gain per kg digestible organic matter intake for the 16- and 24- month systems respectively. In both systems, Hereford crosses ranked highest and the purebred British Friesian among the lowest. Probability levels for sire breed differences were P < 0.1 (16 month) and P < 0.01 (24 month).
Kale for beef production
Authors: Macdearmid A. , Innes G. M. , Williams P. E. V. , Kay M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTEffects on animal health and productivity of offering diets composed wholly or partly of kale to Hereford × Friesian steers were examined in two growth trials and a digestibility trial. Rates of daily gain (kg), daily dry-matter intake (kg) and coefficients of dry-matter digestibility by 24 steers offered proportions of 0·50 or 0·75 kale with rolled barley or 100 kale were respectively 1·05, 7·5, 0·76; 0·72, 5·8, 0·72; and 0·48, 5·3, 0·70. Of 48 steers given 0·25 or 0·50 kale with rolled barley, fodderbeet or swede turnips, the food intakes and daily gains of those offered barley were greatest on the higher proportion of kale whereas with fodderbeet and turnips the food intakes and gains were higher (P<005 and P<0·01) respectively on the lower proportion of kale. Although daily intakes of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide were high, reaching 0·25 and 0·33 g per kg body weight in trials 1 and 2 respectively, and moderate changes in blood metabolism occurred, there were no cases of haemolytic anaemia. Steers given only kale produced the poorest daily live-weight gain and the results suggested that the inclusion of kale should be limited to 0·50 of the total diet.
Characteristics of oestrous cycles and plasma progesterone profiles of young female sheep during their first breeding season
Authors: Hare Louise , Bryant M. J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPatterns of oestrous cycle activity in the first breeding season were studied in 30 Suffolk × Mule ewe lambs, Twenty-eight reached puberty and the mean date of first oestrus was 27 November (s.d. 13·6 days). Mean live weight at first oestrus was 37·7 (s.d. 3·63) kg. The mean number of oestrous cycles was 3·3 (s.d. 1·6), 0·92 (65) being normal length single cycles (14 to 19 days), 0·03 (2) long single cycles (20 to 26 days) and 0·05 (4) multiple cycles (> 26 days).Plasma progesterone profiles before and after the breeding season were studied in 10 randomly selected animals. All showed profiles suggesting one or two silent ovulations preceding the first oestrus but none showed any indication of silent ovulations following the last oestrus.Plasma progesterone profiles were also studied on the four animals showing multiple cycles and on the two animals that did not reach puberty. These suggested that, in all four animals showing multiple cycles, one or two silent ovulations had occurred between the two overt oestrous periods. Of the two animals that did not reach puberty, one showed three abnormal silent cycles and the other showed no change in progesterone concentration from a low basal level.