bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cemented mobile-bearing total knee replacement prevents periprosthetic loss of bone mineral density around the femoral component
Authors: Minoda Y. , Ikebuchi M. , Kobayashi A. , Iwaki H. , Inori F. , Nakamura H. 
Published: May 2010

Bone mineral density (BMD) around the femoral component has been reported to decrease after total knee replacement (TKR) because of stress shielding. Our aim was to determine whether a cemented mobile-bearing component reduced the post-operative loss of BMD. In our study 28 knees receiving a cemented fixed-bearing TKR were matched with 28 receiving a cemented mobile-bearing TKR. They underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, pre-operatively and at three weeks and at three, six, 12, 18 and 24 months post-operatively. The patients were not taking medication to improve the BMD. The pre-operative differences in the BMD of the femoral neck, wrist, lumbar spine and knee in the two groups were not significant. The BMD of the femur decreased postoperatively in the fixed-bearing group, but not the mobile-bearing group. The difference in the post-operative change in the BMD in the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05) at 18 and 24 months. Our findings show that a cemented mobile-bearing TKR has a favourable effect on the BMD of the distal femur after TKR in the short term. Further study is required to determine the long-term effects.
Avascular necrosis associated with fracture of the femoral neck after hip resurfacing
Authors: Steffen R. T. , Athanasou N. A. , Gill H. S. , Murray D. W. 
Published: May 2010

The cause of fracture of the femoral neck after hip resurfacing is poorly understood. In order to evaluate the role of avascular necrosis we compared 19 femoral heads retrieved at revision for fracture of the femoral neck and 13 retrieved for other reasons. We developed a new technique of assessing avascular necrosis in the femoral head by determining the percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae present. Femoral heads retrieved as controls at total hip replacement for osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis had 9% (sd 4; n = 13) and 85% (sd 5; n = 10, p < 0.001) empty lacunae, respectively. In the fracture group the percentage of empty lacunae was 71% (sd 22); in the other group it was 21% (sd 13). The differences between the groups were highly significant (p < 0.001). We conclude that fracture after resurfacing of the hip is associated with a significantly greater percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae within the trabecular bone. This indicates established avascular necrosis and suggests that damage to the blood supply at the time of surgery is a potent risk factor for fracture of the femoral neck after hip resurfacing.
Invasive group A streptococcal infection
Authors: Brown C. N. , Pollard T. C. B. , Iyer S. , Andrade A. J. M. D. 
Published: May 2010

Invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) is the most common cause of monomicrobial necrotising fasciitis. Necrotising infections of the extremities may present directly to orthopaedic surgeons or by reference from another admitting specialty. Recent epidemiological data from the Health Protection Agency suggest an increasing incidence of iGAS infection in England. Almost 40% of those affected had no predisposing illnesses or risk factors, and the proportion of children presenting with infections has risen. These observations have prompted the Chief Medical Officer for the Central Alerting System in England to write to general practitioners and hospitals, highlighting the need for clinical vigilance, early diagnosis and rapid initiation of treatment in suspected cases. The purpose of this annotation is to summarise the recent epidemiological trends, describe the presenting features and outline the current investigations and treatment of this rare but life-threatening condition.
Photodynamic therapy with acridine orange in musculoskeletal sarcomas
Authors: Matsubara T. , Kusuzaki K. , Matsumine A. , Murata H. , Marunaka Y. , Hosogi S. , Uchida A. , Sudo A. 
Published: May 2010

Limb salvage involving wide resection and reconstruction is now well established for managing musculoskeletal sarcomas. However, involvement of major nerves and vessels with a large volume of muscle and skin may result in a useless limb, contributing to depression and a low quality of life. We have been studying alternative treatments for musculoskeletal sarcoma since 1990, and have recently established a regime using photodynamic surgery with cells labelled with acridine orange, photodynamic therapy with cells treated similarly and radiodynamic treatment using the effect of X-rays on such cells. These techniques have been used after marginal or intralesional resection of tumours since 1999 and have enabled maintenance of excellent limb function in patients with sarcomas.
On representations of Artin–Tits and surface braid groups
Authors: Bardakov Valeriy G. , Bellingeri Paolo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe define and study extensions of the Artin and Perron–Vannier representations of braid groups to topological and algebraic generalizations of braid groups. We provide faithful representations of braid groups of oriented surfaces with boundary as automorphisms of finitely generated free groups. The induced representations of such groups as outer automorphisms of finitely generated free groups are still faithful. Also we give a representation of braid groups of closed surfaces as outer automorphisms of finitely generated free groups. Finally, we provide faithful representations of Artin–Tits groups of type 𝒟 as automorphisms of free groups.
Development of New Intensive Hatchery Methods for Rosy Red Fathead Minnow
Authors: Horne Ashlee N , Stone Nathan , Engle Carole R 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas farming practices have remained relatively unchanged for decades. To develop new intensive hatchery methods for the rosy red fathead minnow (a color variant of the fathead minnow), we evaluated spawning substrate preferences, egg mimics, anti-fungal treatments for eggs, and fry stocking densities. Rosy red fathead minnow laid significantly more eggs on a single-layer substrate than on a multilayered substrate but showed little preference between a firm substrate and a flexible substrate. The fish strongly preferred nesting substrates with glass-bead egg mimics over plain (control) substrates or substrates with painted-dot mimics. Eggs treated with chemicals (formalin or hydrogen peroxide at 500, 1,000, or 1,500 mg/L) had higher hatch rates (62.3–81.7%) than did controls (34.3%). The once-daily hydrogen peroxide treatment was equally effective as multiple applications (2–3 applications/d) and resulted in fewer deformities. When newly hatched rosy red fathead minnow fry were stocked at densities of 49, 198, 346, 495, and 643 fry/m2 in pools for 85 d, mean fish weight decreased logarithmically with final density (R 2 = 0.953), while yield increased with initial density (R 2 = 0.846). A cost analysis for fry production levels of 10, 30, 50, and 70 million fry found that the most costly stage was egg collection followed by fry holding, egg incubation, and egg removal. Estimated costs to produce 1 million fry decreased from US$514 to $356 with increasing fry production, indicating economies of scale. Use of spawning substrates with glass-bead egg mimics has the potential to decrease these costs by increasing egg collection efficiency.
Influence of Diet on Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Channel Catfish
Authors: Eya Jonathan C , Ashame Martha F , Pomeroy Charles F 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of commercial diets (32% protein, 3% fat [32/3 diet] or 36% protein, 8% fat [36/8 diet]; Malick Aquafeed, Inc.) and the influence of strain (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] 103 or Norris) on performance variables and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities in the liver, muscle, and intestine of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Juvenile channel catfish (average weight = 29.71 and 38.79 g for USDA 103 and Norris strains, respectively) were stocked into sixteen 152-L aquaria at a density of 10 fish/aquarium. Four aquaria were used for each dietary treatment. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 16 weeks. Results indicated that diet and strain had significant (P &lt; 0.05) main effects on weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate. Diet composition had a significant main effect on condition factor, regardless of strain. There was a significant (P &lt; 0.0007) fish strain × diet composition interaction effect on feed efficiency. Regardless of strain, fish fed the 36/8 diet formula had higher activities for respiratory enzyme complexes I, II, III, and IV in the liver, intestine, and muscle than fish fed the 32/3 diet. The strain effect was significant but not consistent for complex I and IV activities in the liver and muscle and complex II activities in the liver and intestine. The fish strain × diet composition interaction effect was significant for complex I activity in the liver and for complex II and IV activities in the muscle. These data demonstrate that the USDA 103 strain of channel catfish appears to possess superior traits in growth performance compared with the Norris strain. Our data indicate that diet has an important effect on channel catfish production and that a commercial 36/8 diet produces enhanced growth performance and mitochondrial enzyme activities relative to a 32/3 diet.
Evaluation of an Ultra-Low-Flow Water Delivery System for Small Experimental Tanks
Authors: Mitchell Andrew , Farmer Bradley 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
An ultra-low-flow water delivery system was developed and tested for use in research studies requiring low flow in small water volumes. Small test systems save on the amount of fish, chemicals, and biologics needed in disease challenge and treatment experiments. The ultra-low-flow system, consisting of a semi-enclosed header tank with a variable-height standpipe and dulled, guarded syringe needle nozzles, can produce flows that result in 1–20 water exchanges/d for a 10-L volume. Water was prefiltered through two inline, 70-μm filters to limit flow loss due to particulates blocking the small-orifice nozzles. Accurate and precise flows are produced by the system, and needle nozzles should last at least 7 d before fouling requires them to be changed; nozzle changes can be made in about 5 s. Flows in the range of 5–135 mL/min were produced by using 3.8-cm-long needles (16, 18, 20, and 21 gauge) with standpipe heights of 15.2, 30.5, and 45.7 cm. Water flows through selected needle nozzles and standpipe heights varied by no more than 5% over a 7-d period. This ultra-low-flow system provides a practical, inexpensive, and precise water delivery system that should have multiple uses for fisheries research.
Induced Volitional Spawning and Larval Rearing of Pinfish
Authors: DiMaggio Matthew A , Grabe Scott W , DeSantis Shawn M , Ohs Cortney L 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Aquaculture of marine baitfish is still in its infancy. Induced spawning of marine baitfish species has the potential to supplement this seasonal capture fishery and offer a consistent supply to anglers. The pinfish Lagodon rhomboides has been identified as a species with potential for commercial production, yet few studies have focused on the induced spawning and larval rearing of this baitfish. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using Ovaprim, composed of a salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (sGnRHa) and a dopamine antagonist (domperidone), to induce volitional spawning in pinfish. Additionally, a preliminary larval feeding regime was investigated, and growth and development of pinfish larvae were documented. A single dose of 0.50 mL of Ovaprim per kilogram of fish (sGnRHa: 20 μg/mL; domperidone: 10 mg/mL) was sufficient to induce volitional spawning 36–48 h after intraperitoneal injection of female pinfish. Observed fecundity was 2,565 eggs/female (13.1 eggs/g), and larval survival ranged from 10% to 117% through 33 d posthatch (DPH). Larvae were observed to have completed swim bladder inflation by 19 DPH, with 100% percent of larvae exhibiting notochord flexion by the same date. This represents the first published study in which protracted larval rearing was successfully achieved after induced volitional spawning of pinfish.
The Efficacy of a Repeated Buccal Infiltration of Articaine in Prolonging Duration of Pulpal Anesthesia in the Mandibular First Molar
Authors: Pabst Lindsay , Nusstein John , Drum Melissa , Reader Al , Beck Mike 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Previous studies have shown declining rates of pulpal anesthesia over 60 minutes when a cartridge of 4% articaine is used with 1∶100,000 epinephrine for buccal infiltration in the mandibular first molar. The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blind, crossover study comparing the degree of pulpal anesthesia obtained with 2 sets of mandibular first molar buccal infiltrations, given in 2 separate appointments, to 86 adult subjects: an initial infiltration of a cartridge of 4% articaine with 1∶100,000 epinephrine plus a repeated infiltration of the same anesthetic and dose given 25 minutes following the initial infiltration versus an initial infiltration of a cartridge of 4% articaine with 1∶100,000 epinephrine plus a mock repeated infiltration given 25 minutes following the initial infiltration. The authors used an electric pulp tester to test the first molar for anesthesia in 3-minute cycles for 112 minutes after the injections. The repeated infiltration significantly improved pulpal anesthesia from 28 minutes through 109 minutes in the mandibular first molar. A repeated infiltration of a cartridge of 4% articaine with 1∶100,000 epinephrine given 25 minutes after an initial infiltration of the same type and dose of anesthetic significantly improved the duration of pulpal anesthesia, when compared with only an initial buccal infiltration, in the mandibular first molar.
Evaluation of the relationship between lesions in the gastroduodenal region and cyclooxygenase expression in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Wooten Jenna G. , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Cook Vanessa L. , Law J. Mac , Blikslager Anthony T. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether clinically normal dogs have lesions in the pylorus and duodenum and to examine the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in the pylorus and duodenum of these dogs.
Animals—27 clinically normal dogs.
Procedures—Physical examination was performed on clinically normal dogs from animal shelters and research projects; the dogs were then euthanized. After the dogs were euthanized, the pylorus and duodenum were photographed and scored for gross appearance of lesions. Samples were obtained for histologic evaluation and determination of COX expression via western blot analyses. Tissues from the pylorus and duodenum were categorized as normal, inflamed, or eroded on the basis of histologic analysis. Each histologic category of tissue was then evaluated to determine the correlation with gross appearance and COX expression.
Results—Of the 27 dogs, 5 had unremarkable histologic findings in the pylorus and duodenum. Inflammation was found in the pylorus of 10 dogs and in the duodenum of 5 dogs. Epithelial erosion was detected in the pylorus of 1 dog and in the duodenum of 3 dogs. Gross appearance was not significantly correlated with histologic appearance. Expression of COX-1 was not upregulated by inflammation, whereas COX-2 expression was increased by inflammation or erosion.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs that appear to be clinically normal may have underlying gastroduodenal lesions associated with upregulation of COX-2. Because of the inability to determine this during routine physical examination, practitioners should be aware of this potential situation when prescribing COX inhibitors.
Evaluation of the effects of small interfering RNAs on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus-1
Authors: Wilkes Rebecca P. , Kania Stephen A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the ability of 5 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting mRNA of the feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) DNA polymerase gene to reduce in vitro viral replication and gene expression of FHV-1, to evaluate combinations of these siRNAs with siRNAs that target the glycoprotein D gene of FHV-1, and to determine the combination or combinations of siRNAs that yield the greatest inhibition of in vitro viral replication.
Sample Population—Cultured Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells.
Procedures—CRFK cells were transfected with siRNAs designed to target mRNA of the FHV-1 DNA polymerase gene. Effective treatment was determined by quantification of the inhibition of mRNA available for DNA polymerase translation, viral protein production, and viral replication. Combinations of 2 siRNAs that target mRNA of the FHV-1 DNA polymerase gene and 2 siRNAs that target the mRNA of the essential FHV-1 glycoprotein D gene were evaluated for the ability to inhibit viral replication.
Results—Verified by a reduction in viral gene expression, 2 of the 5 siRNAs designed to target mRNA of the FHV-1 DNA polymerase gene significantly suppressed viral replication. Two combinations of siRNAs that target mRNA of the FHV-1 DNA polymerase gene, the FHV-1 glycoprotein D gene, or both also significantly suppressed viral replication.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Combinations of siRNAs that target mRNA of the FHV-1 DNA polymerase gene, FHV-1 glycoprotein D gene, or both could potentially be used as a treatment for the prevention of clinical disease associated with FHV-1 infection.
Experimental induction of recurrent airway obstruction with inhaled fungal spores, lipopolysaccharide, and silica microspheres in horses
Authors: Beeler-Marfisi Janet , Clark Mary Ellen , Wen Xin , Sears William , Huber Leslie , Ackerley Cameron , Viel Laurent , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate experimental induction of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) with inhaled fungal spores, lipopolysaccharide, and silica microspheres in horses.
Animals—7 horses with and 3 horses without a history of RAO.
Procedures—RAO-susceptible horses ranged in age from 17 to approximately 30 years, and control horses ranged in age from 7 to approximately 15 years. Pure mold cultures were derived from repeated culture of hay and identified via gene amplification and sequencing. Pulmonary function testing and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed before and after nebulization with a suspension of spores derived from 3 fungi, lipopolysaccharide, and 1-μm silica microspheres in all horses. This was followed by a 4-month washout period and a further pulmonary function test followed by saline (0.9% NaCl) solution challenge and bronchoalveolar lavage.
Results—Lichtheimia corymbifera, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Eurotium amstelodami were consistently identified in cultures of moldy hay. Nebulization with fungal spores, lipopolysaccharide, and microspheres induced significant increases in pleural pressure in RAO-susceptible but not control horses. Airway neutrophilia developed in both groups of horses with exposure to challenge material but more severely in RAO-susceptible horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that inhalation of fungal spores in combination with lipopolysaccharide and silica microspheres can induce disease exacerbation in susceptible horses and may thus be a useful model for future standardized studies of RAO in horses.
Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs
Authors: Beatrice Laura , Nizi Francesca , Callegari Daniela , Paltrinieri Saverio , Zini Eric , D'Ippolito Paola , Zatelli Andrea 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Objective—To assess whether urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios determined in urine samples collected by cystocentesis versus those collected by free catch provide similar diagnostic information for dogs.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—115 client-owned dogs evaluated because of various health problems requiring urinalysis or to screen for proteinuria in an area endemic for leishmaniasis.
Procedures—230 paired urine samples, 1 collected by cystocentesis and 1 by free catch, were collected from the 115 dogs. The UPC ratio was determined in paired urine samples (n = 162) from 81 dogs with no indication of active inflammation according to urine sediment analysis. On the basis of the UPC ratio of urine sample collected by cystocentesis, dogs were classified as nonproteinuric (UPC ratio < 0.2), borderline proteinuric (UPC ratio of 0.2 to 0.5), or proteinuric (UPC ratio > 0.5), according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS).
Results—The correlation between UPC ratio in urine samples collected by cystocentesis and by free catch was strong (r2 = 0.90); 75 of 81 (92.6%) dogs had UPC ratios from both urine samples that resulted in classification in the same IRIS substage with a kappa coefficient of 0.83.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The UPC ratio in dogs was minimally affected in urine samples collected by free catch, thus allowing correct grading of proteinuria with this method. The high reliability of the UPC ratio in free-catch urine samples coupled with the ease of collection should increase the use of this value for assessment of proteinuria.
QSPR modelling of normal boiling points and octanol/water partition coefficient for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons using SMILES-based optimal descriptors
Authors: Toropov A.A. , Toropova A.P. , Benfenati E. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Predictive quantitative structure - property relationships (QSPR) have been established for normal boiling points and octanol/water partition coefficient for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons using optimal descriptors calculated with simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES). The probabilistic criteria for a rational definition of the domain of applicability of these models are discussed.
Effect of the polymeric coating over Fe3O4 particles used for magnetic separation
Authors: Reza Raúl , Martínez Pérez Carlos , Rodríguez González Claudia , Romero Humberto , García Casillas Perla 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles by two variant chemical coprecipitation methods that involve reflux and aging conditions was investigated. The influence of the synthesis conditions on particle size, morphology, magnetic properties and protein adsorption were studied. The synthesized magnetite nanoparticles showed a spherical shape with an average particle size directly influenced by the synthesis technique. Particles of average size 27 nm and 200 nm were obtained. When the coprecipitation method was used without reflux and aging, the smallest particles were obtained. Magnetite nanoparticles obtained from both methods exhibited a superparamagnetic behavior and their saturation magnetization was particle size dependent. Values of 67 and 78 emu g−1 were obtained for the 27 nm and 200 nm magnetite particles, respectively. The nanoparticles were coated with silica, aminosilane, and silica-aminosilane shell. The influence of the coating on protein absorption was studied using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein.