bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning classifiers for glaucoma diagnosis based on classification of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness parameters measured by Stratus OCT
Authors: Bizios Dimitrios , Heijl Anders , Hougaard Jesper Leth , Bengtsson Boel 
Published: January 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the performance of two machine learning classifiers (MLCs), artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs), with input based on retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) measurements by optical coherence tomography (OCT), on the diagnosis of glaucoma, and to assess the effects of different input parameters.Methods:  We analysed Stratus OCT data from 90 healthy persons and 62 glaucoma patients. Performance of MLCs was compared using conventional OCT RNFLT parameters plus novel parameters such as minimum RNFLT values, 10th and 90th percentiles of measured RNFLT, and transformations of A‐scan measurements. For each input parameter and MLC, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) was calculated.Results:  There were no statistically significant differences between ANNs and SVMs. The best AROCs for both ANN (0.982, 95%CI: 0.966–0.999) and SVM (0.989, 95% CI: 0.979–1.0) were based on input of transformed A‐scan measurements. Our SVM trained on this input performed better than ANNs or SVMs trained on any of the single RNFLT parameters (p ≤ 0.038). The performance of ANNs and SVMs trained on minimum thickness values and the 10th and 90th percentiles were at least as good as ANNs and SVMs with input based on the conventional RNFLT parameters.Conclusion:  No differences between ANN and SVM were observed in this study. Both MLCs performed very well, with similar diagnostic performance. Input parameters have a larger impact on diagnostic performance than the type of machine classifier. Our results suggest that parameters based on transformed A‐scan thickness measurements of the RNFL processed by machine classifiers can improve OCT‐based glaucoma diagnosis.
Mechanism of attenuation of leptin signaling under chronic ligand stimulation
Authors: Knobelspies Holger , Zeidler Julia , Hekerman Paul , Bamberg-Lemper Simone , Becker Walter 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that acts via its hypothalamic receptor (LEPRb) to regulate energy balance. A downstream effect essential for the weight-regulatory action of leptin is the phosphorylation and activation of the latent transcription factor STAT3 by LEPRb-associated Janus kinases (JAKs). Obesity is typically associated with chronically elevated leptin levels and a decreased ability of LEPRb to activate intracellular signal transduction pathways (leptin resistance). Here we have studied the roles of the intracellular tyrosine residues in the negative feedback regulation of LEPRb-signaling under chronic leptin stimulation.

Results
Mutational analysis showed that the presence of either Tyr985 and Tyr1077 in the intracellular domain of LEPRb was sufficient for the attenuation of STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas mutation of both tyrosines rendered LEPRb resistant to feedback regulation. Overexpression and RNA interference-mediated downregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) revealed that both Tyr985 and Tyr1077 were capable of supporting the negative modulatory effect of SOCS3 in reporter gene assays. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of SOCS1 was enhanced by the presence of Tyr985 but not Tyr1077. Finally, the reduction of the STAT-phosphorylating activity of the LEPRb complex after 2 h of leptin stimulation was not accompanied by the dephosphorylation or degradation of LEPRb or the receptor-associated JAK molecule, but depended on Tyr985 and/or Tyr1077.

Conclusions
Both Tyr985 and Tyr1077 contribute to the negative regulation of LEPRb signaling. The inhibitory effects of SOCS1 and SOCS3 differ in the dependence on the tyrosine residues in the intracellular domain of LEPRb.
Analysis of the heat shock response in mouse liver reveals transcriptional dependence on the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)
Authors: Vallanat Beena , Anderson Steven P , Brown-Borg Holly M , Ren Hongzu , Kersten Sander , Jonnalagadda Sudhakar , Srinivasan Rajagopalan , Corton J Christopher 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) regulates responses to chemical or physical stress in part by altering expression of genes involved in proteome maintenance. Many of these genes are also transcriptionally regulated by heat shock (HS) through activation by HS factor-1 (HSF1). We hypothesized that there are interactions on a genetic level between PPARα and the HS response mediated by HSF1.

Results
Wild-type and PPARα-null mice were exposed to HS, the PPARα agonist WY-14,643 (WY), or both; gene and protein expression was examined in the livers of the mice 4 or 24 hrs after HS. Gene expression profiling identified a number of Hsp family members that were altered similarly in both mouse strains. However, most of the targets of HS did not overlap between strains. A subset of genes was shown by microarray and RT-PCR to be regulated by HS in a PPARα-dependent manner. HS also down-regulated a large set of mitochondrial genes specifically in PPARα-null mice that are known targets of PPARγ co-activator-1 (PGC-1) family members. Pretreatment of PPARα-null mice with WY increased expression of PGC-1β and target genes and prevented the down-regulation of the mitochondrial genes by HS. A comparison of HS genes regulated in our dataset with those identified in wild-type and HSF1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts indicated that although many HS genes are regulated independently of both PPARα and HSF1, a number require both factors for HS responsiveness.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that the PPARα genotype has a dramatic effect on the transcriptional targets of HS and support an expanded role for PPARα in the regulation of proteome maintenance genes after exposure to diverse forms of environmental stress including HS.
Risk of incident or recurrent malignancies among patients with rheumatoid arthritis exposed to biologic therapy in the German biologics register RABBIT
Authors: Strangfeld Anja , Hierse Franka , Rau Rolf , Burmester Gerd-Ruediger , Krummel-Lorenz Brigitte , Demary Winfried , Listing Joachim , Zink Angela 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Introduction
We used the data of the German biologics register RABBIT, a nationwide prospective cohort study, to investigate the risk of new or recurrent malignancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving biologics compared to conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Methods
The analysis was based on patients with RA enrolled in RABBIT at the start of a biologic or conventional DMARD therapy between 01 May 2001 and 31 December 2006. Incidences of first or recurrent malignancies were analysed separately. A nested case-control design was used to investigate the risk of developing a first malignancy. Matching criteria were: age, gender, follow-up time, disease activity score based on 28 joint counts (DAS28) at study entry, smoking status, and selected chronic co-morbid conditions (obstructive or other lung disease, kidney, liver or gastrointestinal disease, psoriasis).

Results
A prior malignancy was reported in 122 out of 5,120 patients. Fifty-eight of these patients had received anti-TNFα agents, 9 anakinra, and 55 conventional DMARDs at study entry. In 14 patients (ever exposed to anti-TNFα: eight, to anakinra: one) 15 recurrent cancers were observed. The average time period since the onset of the first malignancy was nine years. Crude recurrence rates per 1,000 patient-years (pyrs) were 45.5 for patients exposed to anti-TNFα agents, 32.3 for anakinra patients and 31.4 for patients exposed to DMARDs only (Incidence rate ratio anti-TNFα vs. DMARD = 1.4, P = 0.6.). In patients without prior cancer, 74 patients (70% female, mean age: 61.3) developed a first malignancy during the observation. This corresponds to an incidence rate (IR) of 6.0/1,000 pyrs. Forty-four of these patients were ever exposed to anti-TNFα treatment (IR = 5.1/1,000 pyrs). In a nested case-control study comparing cancer patients to cancer-free controls, 44 of the cancer patients and 44 of the cancer-free controls were ever exposed to anti-TNFα agents (P = 1.0).

Conclusions
No significant differences in the overall incidence of malignancies in patients exposed or unexposed to anti-TNFα or anakinra treatment were found. The same applied to the risk of recurrent malignancies. However, in particular this last finding needs further validation in larger data sets.
Recent breast cancer incidence trends according to hormone therapy use: the California Teachers Study cohort
Authors: Marshall Sarah F , Clarke Christina A , Deapen Dennis , Henderson Katherine , Largent Joan , Neuhausen Susan L , Reynolds Peggy , Ursin Giske , Horn-Ross Pamela L , Stram Daniel O , Templeman Claire , Bernstein Leslie 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Recent, international declines in breast cancer incidence are unprecedented, and the causes remain controversial. Few data sources can address breast cancer incidence trends according to pertinent characteristics like hormone therapy use history.

Methods
We used the prospective California Teachers Study to evaluate changes in self-reported use of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) between 1995 to 1996 and 2005 to 2006 and age-adjusted breast cancer incidence among 74,647 participants aged 50 years or older. Breast cancer occurrence was determined by linkage with the California Cancer Registry.

Results
During 517,286 woman years of follow up, 565 in situ and 2,668 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed. In situ breast cancer incidence rates in this population did not change significantly from 2000 to 2002 to 2003 to 2005, whereas rates of invasive breast cancer declined significantly by 26.0% from 528.0 (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 491.1, 564.9) per 100,000 women in 2000 to 2002 to 390.6 (95% CI = 355.6, 425.7) in 2003 to 2005. The decline in invasive breast cancer incidence rates was restricted to estrogen receptor-positive tumors. In 1996 to 1999 and 2000 to 2002 invasive breast cancer incidence was higher for women who reported current HT use especially estrogen-progestin (EP) use at baseline than for never or past users; but by 2003 to 2005 rates were comparable between these groups. For women who were taking EP in 2001 to 2002,75% of whom had stopped use by 2005 to 2006, incidence had declined 30.6% by 2003 to 2005 (P = 0.001); whereas incidence did not change significantly for those who never took HT (P = 0.33).

Conclusions
Few data resources can examine prospectively individual HT use and breast cancer diagnosis. Stable in situ breast cancer rates imply consistent levels of screening and suggest recent declines in invasive breast cancer to be explained predominantly by changes in HT use.
Two-Dimensional Inverted Pendulum Using Repulsive Magnetic LevitationBewegungsführung eines zweidimensionalen inversen Pendels mit Hilfe von Magneten
Authors: Eirich Max , Ishino Yuji , Takasaki Masaya , Mizuno Takeshi 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The active control of two-degree-of-freedom motion of the repulsive levitated object (floator) is studied. In this system of permanent magnets, the vertical motions of the rotor are passively supported by repulsive forces between the permanent magnets. The inclination angle is actively stabilized using the motion control of additional magnets.
Führungs- und Störgrößenaufschaltungen für lineare verteilt-parametrische SystemeReference and Disturbance Feedforward Controllers for Linear Distributed-parameter Systems
Authors: Deutscher Joachim , Harkort Christian 
Published: January 2010

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Führungs- und Störgrößenaufschaltung für lineare verteilt-parametrische Mehrgrößensysteme, die zur Klasse der Riesz-Spektralsysteme gehören. Für die Aufschaltmatrizen und -operatoren der Führungs- und Störgrößenaufschaltung werden explizite Formelausdrücke angegeben. Der Entwurf erfolgt auf Grundlage einer Zwei-Freiheitsgrade-Struktur, die eine Bestimmung der Aufschaltung und eines Zustandsreglers zur Einstellung der Regelungsdynamik unabhängig voneinander ermöglicht. Anhand eines Wärmeleiters werden die Ergebnisse des Beitrags in Simulationen veranschaulicht.
Die SLICOT-Toolboxen für MatlabThe SLICOT Toolboxes for Matlab
Authors: Benner Peter , Kressner Daniel , Sima Vasile , Varga Andras 
Published: January 2010

Zusammenfassung
SLICOT ist eine umfangreiche Softwarebibliothek zur numerischen Behandlung von Fragestellungen aus der System- und Regelungstheorie, die mit dem Ziel entwickelt wurde, hohe Leistungsfähigkeit mit Robustheit, Verlässlichkeit, sowie Benutzerfreundlichkeit zu vereinen. Dies wird mittels einer Kombination von Fortran-Kernroutinen und Matlab- bzw. Scilab-Schnittstellen erreicht. In dieser Übersicht soll der Funktionsumfang der folgenden SLICOT-Toolboxen beschrieben und erläutert werden: (1) Grundaufgaben der System- und Regelungstheorie, (2) Systemidentifizierung, (3) Modell- und Reglerreduktion. Der Einsatz der Toolboxen in der Praxis wird durch verschiedene Beispiele veranschaulicht.
Prevalence and Predictors of Abnormal Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise Testing Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey M. , Horton Edward S. , Bahnson Judy , Gregg Edward W. , Jakicic John M. , Regensteiner Judith G. , Ribisl Paul M. , Soberman Judith E. , Stewart Kerry J. , Espeland Mark A. ,   for the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
We examined maximal graded exercise test (GXT) results in 5,783 overweight/obese men and women, aged 45–76 years, with type 2 diabetes, who were entering the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study, to determine the prevalence and correlates of exercise-induced cardiac abnormalities.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants underwent symptom-limited maximal GXTs. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to determine demographic, anthropometric, metabolic, and health status predictors of abnormal GXT results, which were defined as an ST segment depression ≥1.0 mm, ventricular arrhythmia, angina pectoris, poor postexercise heart rate recovery (&lt;22 bpm reduction 2 min after exercise), or maximal exercise capacity less than 5.0 METs. Systolic blood pressure response to exercise was examined as a continuous variable, without a threshold to define abnormality.

RESULTS
Exercise-induced abnormalities were present in 1,303 (22.5%) participants, of which 693 (12.0%) consisted of impaired exercise capacity. ST segment depression occurred in 440 (7.6%), abnormal heart rate recovery in 206 (5.0%), angina in 63 (1.1%), and arrhythmia in 41 (0.7%). Of potential predictors, only greater age was associated with increased prevalence of all abnormalities. Other predictors were associated with some, but not all, abnormalities. Systolic blood pressure response decreased with greater age, duration of diabetes, and history of cardiovascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS
We found a high rate of abnormal GXT results despite careful screening for cardiovascular disease symptoms. In this cohort of overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, greater age most consistently predicted abnormal GXT. Long-term follow-up of these participants will show whether these abnormalities are clinically significant.
Intergenerational Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Involve Both Maternal and Paternal BMI
Authors: Labayen Idoia , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Ortega Francisco B. , Loit Helle-Mai , Harro Jaanus , Veidebaum Toomas , Sjöström Michael 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between parental BMI and offspring cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study comprised 940 children (9.5 ± 0.4 years) and 873 adolescents (15.5 ± 0.5 years). Parental weight and height were reported by the mother and the father, and BMI was calculated. CVD risk factors included total (sum of five skinfolds) and central (waist circumference) body fat, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin sensitivity, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and fibrinogen.

RESULTS
Maternal and paternal BMI were positively associated with total and central fatness in offspring (P &lt; 0.001). BMIs of both parents were significantly related to fibrinogen levels (P &lt; 0.02), but these associations disappeared when controlling for fatness. There was a positive relationship between maternal and paternal BMI and waist circumference in the offspring regardless of total adiposity and height (P &lt; 0.001). Maternal BMI was negatively associated with offspring cardiorespiratory fitness independently of fatness (P &lt; 0.02). These relationships persisted when overweight descendants were excluded from the analysis. There were no significant associations between parental BMI and the other CVD risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
Both maternal and paternal BMI increase CVD risk factors of their offspring, characterized by total and central body fat, and higher maternal BMI was associated with poorer cardiorespiratory fitness. Our findings give further support to the concept that adiposity in parents transmits susceptibility to CVD risk to descendants, which is detectable even in the absence of overweight in offspring.
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in KCNQ1 Is Associated With Susceptibility to Diabetic Nephropathy in Japanese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ohshige Toshihiko , Tanaka Yasushi , Araki Shin-ichi , Babazono Tetsuya , Toyoda Masao , Umezono Tomoya , Watada Hirotaka , Suzuki Daisuke , Iwamoto Yasuhiko , Kawamori Ryuzo , Nakamura Yusuke , Maeda Shiro 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Genetic factors have been considered to contribute to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The KCNQ1 gene (potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1) was originally identified as a strong susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes in two Japanese genome-wide association studies. In this study, we examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within KCNQ1 with diabetic nephropathy in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We genotyped 33 SNPs in KCNQ1 using 754 type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy and 558 control subjects (an initial study), and we further examined the association of a candidate SNP using three other independent Japanese populations (replications 1–3).

RESULTS
We found that five SNPs were nominally associated with diabetic nephropathy, and the association of rs2237897 was the strongest. We also found that the T allele frequencies of rs2237897 were consistently higher in the nephropathy groups than in the control groups for all study populations (initial study: 0.33 vs. 0.27; replication 1: 0.32 vs. 0.30; replication 2: 0.33 vs. 0.28; and replication 3: 0.32 vs. 0.28), although the individual associations did not reach statistically significant levels. Combined analysis by a meta-analysis revealed that the T allele of rs2237897 was significantly associated with susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.22 [95% CI 1.10–1.34], P = 3.1 × 10–4, corrected P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that KCNQ1 is a new candidate gene for conferring susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy.
Pseudocyesis in peri- and postmenopausal women
Authors: Dubravko Habek 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Pseudocyesis or delusion of pregnancy is a rare psychopathological syndrome described in humans and higher mammals. We describe and discuss two cases of this rare syndrome in a 46-year perimenopausal and a 59-year old postmenopausal woman. Gynecologic, ultrasound examination, and biochemistry testing (β-HCG) confirm the diagnosis of nonexistent clinical and biochemical pregnancy. These examinations have the potential to confirm abdominal tumors, while psychiatric examinations generally reveal the psychic basis of the disease; which should be treated through team approach by both the psychiatrist and gynecologist. Additionally, special reference should be given to long-term psychiatric follow-up and management of the current mental stress and emotional problems by a combination of antipsychotics and psychotherapy, depending on each individual clinical picture.
Motion planning and feedback control for a unicycle in a way point following task: The VFO approach
Authors: Michałek Maciej , Kozłowski Krzysztof 
Published: January 2010

Motion planning and feedback control for a unicycle in a way point following task: The VFO approachThis paper is devoted to theway point followingmotion task of a unicycle where the motion planning and the closed-loop motion realization stage are considered. Theway point followingtask is determined by the user-defined sequence of way-points which have to be passed by the unicycle with the assumed finite precision. This sequence will take the vehicle from the initial state to the target state in finite time. The motion planning strategy proposed in the paper does not involve any interpolation of way-points leading to simplified task description and its subsequent realization. The motion planning as well as the motion realization stage are based on the Vector-Field-Orientation (VFO) approach applied here to a new task. The unique features of the resultant VFO control system, namely, predictable vehicle transients, fast error convergence, vehicledirecting effecttogether with very simple controller parametric synthesis, may prove to be useful in practically motivated motion tasks.
Time-optimal control of infinite order hyperbolic systems with time delays
Authors: Kowalewski Adam 
Published: January 2010

Time-optimal control of infinite order hyperbolic systems with time delaysIn this paper, the time-optimal control problem for infinite order hyperbolic systems in which time delays appear in the integral form both in state equations and in boundary conditions is considered. Optimal controls are characterized in terms of an adjoint system and shown to be unique and bang-bang. These results extend to certain cases of nonlinear control problems. The particular properties of optimal control are discussed.
A matrix inequality based design method for consensus problems in multi-agent systems
Authors: Zhai Guisheng , Okuno Shohei , Imae Joe , Kobayashi Tomoaki 
Published: January 2010

A matrix inequality based design method for consensus problems in multi-agent systemsIn this paper, we study a consensus problem in multi-agent systems, where the entire system is decentralized in the sense that each agent can only obtain information (states or outputs) from its neighbor agents. The existing design methods found in the literature are mostly based on a graph Laplacian of the graph which describes the interconnection structure among the agents, and such methods cannot deal with complicated control specification. For this purpose, we propose to reduce the consensus problem at hand to the solving of a strict matrix inequality with respect to a Lyapunov matrix and a controller gain matrix, and we propose two algorithms for solving the matrix inequality. It turns out that this method includes the existing Laplacian based method as a special case and can deal with various additional control requirements such as the convergence rate and actuator constraints.