bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggregation patterns of macroendoparasites in phylogenetically related fish hosts
Authors: MARQUES J. F. , SANTOS M. J. , CABRAL H. N. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYMacroparasites are generally aggregated within their hosts with infection and aggregation levels resulting from a continuous arms race between maintaining high mating probability and host mortality low for which host and environmentally related factors contribute to some extent. Here, infection and aggregation patterns of the macroendoparasites infecting the flatfish Citharus linguatula, Arnoglossus laterna, Lepidorhombus boscii, Scophthalmus rhombus and Platichthys flesus in 3 areas along the Portuguese coast were analysed. Of the 21 macroendoparasite species found only 1 infected all hosts and most were host or area exclusive. For each host-parasite system, values of the indices varied between areas and macroendoparasites were not always aggregated; in fact, some macroendoparasites were generally uniformly distributed, which can be related to specific density-dependent regulation mechanisms. No general pattern was found for infection or aggregation levels of the 3 species infecting more than 2 hosts along the Portuguese coast, i.e. Lecithochirium rufoviride, Nybelinia lingualis and Anisakis simplex s.l., suggesting that regulation mechanisms are not species specific but are locally determined, with host ecology playing a significant role.
Consequences of microhabitat selection for reproductive success in the parasitic copepodNeobrachiella spinicephala(Lernaeopodidae)
Authors: TIMI J. T. , LANFRANCHI A. L. , POULIN R. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYNarrow site specificity in parasites is assumed to be associated with fitness benefits, such as higher reproductive success, although this is never quantified. We linked the body mass and combined mass of egg sacs of female copepods,Neobrachiella spinicephala, parasitic on the sandperch,Pinguipes brasilianus, to attachment sites on the host. Adult females attach permanently either on the lips, the margins of the operculum, or the base of pectoral or pelvic fins. In addition to influences of sampling site, season and host body length, our analyses revealed important fitness effects. First, attachment site significantly influenced copepod body mass; independent of other factors, copepods at the base of fins were 32% larger than those on the lips or operculum. Second, the mass of egg sacs was almost always greater if the copepod was attached at the base of fins rather than to the lip or operculum. Thus, a female weighing 6 mg would, on average, produce 40% larger egg sacs if attached to the base of fins. However, copepods were much more likely to attach at the base of fins on small fish, and on either the lip or the operculum on large fish. We propose that constraints varying with fish size account for the shift from optimal to suboptimal attachment sites as a function of increasing host size. By measuring differences in fitness components between attachment sites, our approach allows hypothesis testing regarding microhabitat selection.
Mechanisms of vaccine adjuvanticity at mucosal surfaces
Authors: Foss Dennis L. , Murtaugh Michael P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe vast majority of pathogens invade via mucosal surfaces, including those of the intestine. Vaccination directly on these surfaces may induce local protective immunity and prevent infection and disease. Although vaccine delivery to the gut mucosa is fraught with obstacles, immunization can be enhanced using adjuvants with properties specific to intestinal immunity. In this review, we present three general mechanisms of vaccine adjuvant function as originally described by Freund, and we discuss these principles with respect to intestinal adjuvants in general and to the prototypical mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin. The key property of intestinal adjuvants is to induce an immunogenic context for the presentation of the vaccine antigen. The success of oral vaccine adjuvants is determined by their ability to induce a controlled inflammatory response in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues, characterized by the expression of various costimulatory molecules and cytokines. An understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms of adjuvanticity in the gut will allow the rational development of safe and effective oral vaccines.
Vaccines against the avian enteropathogensEimeria,CryptosporidiumandSalmonella
Authors: Lillehoj Erik P. , Yun Cheol H. , Lillehoj Hyun S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe worldwide poultry industry provides a substantial proportion of the nutritional requirement of the human population. To keep pace with the increasing demand for the high-quality, low-cost protein source that poultry provides, intensive rearing practices have been developed within the past few decades. For example, chickens are housed routinely in crowded environments under adverse conditions, and genetic strains have been selected for rapid growth, high protein-to-fat content and superior egg-laying characteristics. A major negative consequence of these practices has been an increase in the incidence of diseases. Enteric diseases in particular have emerged as a major problem threatening the future viability of the poultry industry. A variety of methods have been used to combat avian diseases in the commercial setting, including improved farm management practices, the use of antibiotic drugs, the selection of disease-resistant strains of chickens, and the manipulation of the chicken’s immune system. In the latter category, the development of vaccines against the major avian diseases has become a priority in the poultry industry. This review will highlight recent progress in vaccine development against three major avian enteric pathogens:Eimeria,CryptosporidiumandSalmonella.
Swine vesicular disease virus. Pathology of the disease and molecular characteristics of the virion
Authors: Escribano-Romero Estela , Jiménez-Clavero Miguel Angel , Ley Victoria 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSwine vesicular disease is a highly contagious disease of pigs that is caused by an enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. The virus is a relatively recent derivative of the human coxsackievirus B5, with which it has high molecular and antigenic homology. The disease is not severe, and affected animals usually show moderate general weakening and slight weight loss that is recovered in few days, as well as vesicular lesions in the mucosa of the mouth and nose and in the interdigital spaces of the feet. However, the similarity of these lesions to those caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus has led to the inclusion of this virus in list A of the Office International des Epizooties. The disease has been eradicated in the European Union except in Italy, where it is considered endemic in the south. Nevertheless, as occasional outbreaks still appear and must be eliminated rapidly, European countries are on the alert and farms are monitored routinely for the presence of the virus. This circumstance has led to a considerable effort to study the pathology of the disease and the molecular biology and antigenicity of the virus, and to the development of optimized methods for the diagnosis of the infection.
Revealing differences in gene network inference algorithms on the network level by ensemble methods
Authors: Altay Gökmen , Emmert-Streib Frank 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Motivation: The inference of regulatory networks from large-scale expression data holds great promise because of the potentially causal interpretation of these networks. However, due to the difficulty to establish reliable methods based on observational data there is so far only incomplete knowledge about possibilities and limitations of such inference methods in this context.
Results: In this article, we conduct a statistical analysis investigating differences and similarities of four network inference algorithms, ARACNE, CLR, MRNET and RN, with respect to local network-based measures. We employ ensemble methods allowing to assess the inferability down to the level of individual edges. Our analysis reveals the bias of these inference methods with respect to the inference of various network components and, hence, provides guidance in the interpretation of inferred regulatory networks from expression data. Further, as application we predict the total number of regulatory interactions in human B cells and hypothesize about the role of Myc and its targets regarding molecular information processing.
Contact: v@bio-complexity.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intermittent claudication as a predictor of outcome in patients with ischaemic systolic heart failure: analysis of the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure trial (CORONA)
Authors: Inglis Sally C. , McMurray John J.V. , Böhm Michael , Schaufelberger Maria , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Lindberg Magnus , Dunselman Peter , Hjalmarson Åke , Kjekshus John , Waagstein Finn , Wedel Hans , Wikstrand John ,   on behalf of the CORONA Study Group
Published: May 2010

AimsTo examine the relationship between baseline intermittent claudication and outcomes in patients enrolled in the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure trial (CORONA). Intermittent claudication is an independent predictor of worse outcome in coronary heart disease, but its prognostic importance in heart failure (HF) is unknown. Patients aged ≥60 years with NYHA class II‐IV, low ejection fraction HF of ischaemic aetiology were enrolled in CORONA. Rosuvastatin did not reduce the primary outcome or all‐cause mortality.Methods and resultsTo determine whether intermittent claudication was an independent predictor of clinical outcomes, a three‐step multivariable model was built: (i) demographic/clinical variables, (ii) biochemical measures added, (iii) high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic‐peptide added. Of the 5011 patients, 637 (12.7%) had intermittent claudication at baseline. Patients with intermittent claudication were more likely to be male (83 vs. 75%), be a current smoker (19 vs. 9%), and have diabetes mellitus (36 vs. 29%) relative to those without intermittent claudication. Over a median 33‐month follow‐up, 2168 patients died or were hospitalized for HF. Patients with intermittent claudication had an increased risk of death (any cause) (adjusted hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.19–1.56, P < 0.0001), death from worsening HF (1.35, 1.03–1.77, P = 0.028), sudden death (1.24, 1.00–1.54, P = 0.05), and risk of non‐fatal or fatal myocardial infarction (time to first event 1.67, 1.24–2.27, P < 0.001). In the full multivariable model, intermittent claudication remained an independent predictor of most outcomes evaluated.ConclusionIntermittent claudication is a relatively common symptom in ischaemic HF and an independent predictor of worse outcome.Clinical Trial Registration Information: NCT00206310—http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00206310?term=corona&rank=2.
Impact of a climate regime shift on the migration of Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Kidokoro Hideaki , Goto Tsuneo , Nagasawa Toru , Nishida Hiroshi , Akamine Tatsuro , Sakurai Yasunori 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Kidokoro, H., Goto, T., Nagasawa, T., Nishida, H., Akamine, T., and Sakurai, Y. 2010. Impact of a climate regime shift on the migration of Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) in the Sea of Japan. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1314–1322. Following a climate regime shift (RS) in 1989 in the northwest Pacific and Sea of Japan, the main spawning grounds of the Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) shifted from inshore areas off Honshu Island to the Tsushima Strait, and the stock size increased. Migration patterns of T. pacificus occurred after the RS, based on tagging experiments conducted in July to September of 1984 and 1987–1991, are examined using monthly shifts in average latitude of recapture sites every 10 d. Before the RS, recaptures were in the central Sea of Japan and in inshore areas off Honshu Island, but after the RS, there were no recaptures inshore off Honshu Island. The average latitude of the recapture sites in September was about 36–37°N before the RS and north of 40°N (near the release sites) after the RS. It is likely that the location of the spawning grounds has changed.
TheArabidopsisNitrate Transporter NRT1.8 Functions in Nitrate Removal from the Xylem Sap and Mediates Cadmium Tolerance
Authors: Li Jian-Yong , Fu Yan-Lei , Pike Sharon M. , Bao Juan , Tian Wang , Zhang Yu , Chen Chun-Zhu , Zhang Yi , Li Hong-Mei , Huang Jing , Li Le-Gong , Schroeder Julian I. , Gassmann Walter , Gong Ji-Ming 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLong-distance transport of nitrate requires xylem loading and unloading, a successive process that determines nitrate distribution and subsequent assimilation efficiency. Here, we report the functional characterization of NRT1.8, a member of the nitrate transporter (NRT1) family in Arabidopsis thaliana. NRT1.8 is upregulated by nitrate. Histochemical analysis using promoter-β-glucuronidase fusions, as well as in situ hybridization, showed that NRT1.8 is expressed predominantly in xylem parenchyma cells within the vasculature. Transient expression of the NRT1.8:enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion in onion epidermal cells and Arabidopsis protoplasts indicated that NRT1.8 is plasma membrane localized. Electrophysiological and nitrate uptake analyses using Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that NRT1.8 mediates low-affinity nitrate uptake. Functional disruption of NRT1.8 significantly increased the nitrate concentration in xylem sap. These data together suggest that NRT1.8 functions to remove nitrate from xylem vessels. Interestingly, NRT1.8 was the only nitrate assimilatory pathway gene that was strongly upregulated by cadmium (Cd2+) stress in roots, and the nrt1.8-1 mutant showed a nitrate-dependent Cd2+-sensitive phenotype. Further analyses showed that Cd2+ stress increases the proportion of nitrate allocated to wild-type roots compared with the nrt1.8-1 mutant. These data suggest that NRT1.8-regulated nitrate distribution plays an important role in Cd2+ tolerance.
Identification of the 2-Hydroxyglutarate and Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenases as Alternative Electron Donors Linking Lysine Catabolism to the Electron Transport Chain ofArabidopsisMitochondria
Authors: Araújo Wagner L. , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Larson Tony R. , Tohge Takayuki , Krahnert Ina , Witt Sandra , Obata Toshihiro , Schauer Nicolas , Graham Ian A. , Leaver Christopher J. , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe process of dark-induced senescence in plants is relatively poorly understood, but a functional electron-transfer flavoprotein/electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) complex, which supports respiration during carbon starvation, has recently been identified. Here, we studied the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in the expression of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase to extended darkness and other environmental stresses. Evaluations of the mutant phenotypes following carbon starvation induced by extended darkness identify similarities to those exhibited by mutants of the ETF/ETFQO complex. Metabolic profiling and isotope tracer experimentation revealed that isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is involved in degradation of the branched-chain amino acids, phytol, and Lys, while 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is involved exclusively in Lys degradation. These results suggest that isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is the more critical for alternative respiration and that a series of enzymes, including 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, plays a role in Lys degradation. Both physiological and metabolic phenotypes of the isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase mutants were not as severe as those observed for mutants of the ETF/ETFQO complex, indicating some functional redundancy of the enzymes within the process. Our results aid in the elucidation of the pathway of plant Lys catabolism and demonstrate that both isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase act as electron donors to the ubiquinol pool via an ETF/ETFQO-mediated route.
Ulcerating stasis dermatitis of the forearm due to arteriovenous fistula: A case report and review of the published work
Authors: DEGUCHI Emi , IMAFUKU Shinichi , NAKAYAMA Juichiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStasis ulcers of the upper limbs are rare, and only 30 cases have been reported, all of which were due to rheological abnormalities. A 59‐year‐old woman sustained an injury to her right upper limb, resulting in incomplete transections of the brachial artery and the brachial vein. Emergent reconstruction of the brachial artery was performed. Raynaud’s phenomenon was observed postoperatively, followed by extreme edema, eczematization and the development of ulcers on the forearm. She was referred to our hospital for treatment. 3‐D computed tomography (CT) revealed end‐to‐end anastomosis of the brachial artery and the brachial vein. An additional brachial–radial artery bypass and closure of the anastomosis dramatically improved her skin symptoms. Vascular anomalies including surgery should be suspected when patients present with stasis dermatitis of the upper limbs.
Differential expression of miRNAs in the visceral adipose tissue of patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Estep M. , Armistead D. , Hossain N. , Elarainy H. , Goodman Z. , Baranova A. , Chandhoke V. , Younossi Z. M. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 487–497SummaryBackground  Progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be facilitated by soluble molecules secreted by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are likely to regulate some of these molecular pathways involved in pathogenesis of NAFLD.Aim  To profile miRNA expression in the visceral adipose tissue of patients with NAFLD.Methods  Visceral adipose tissue samples were collected from NAFLD patients and frozen. Patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD were divided into non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 12) and non‐NASH (n = 12) cohorts controlled for clinical and demographic characteristics. Extracted total RNA was profiled using TaqMan Human MicroRNA arrays. Univariate Mann–Whitney comparisons and multivariate regression analysis were performed to compare miRNA profiles.Results  A total of 113 miRNA differentially expressed between NASH patients and non‐NASH patients (P < 0.05). Of these, seven remained significant after multiple test correction (hsa‐miR‐132, hsa‐miR‐150, hsa‐miR‐433, hsa‐miR‐28‐3p, hsa‐miR‐511, hsa‐miR‐517a, hsa‐miR‐671). Predicted target genes for these miRNAs include insulin receptor pathway components (IGF1, IGFR13), cytokines (CCL3, IL6), ghrelin/obestatin gene, and inflammation‐related genes (NFKB1, RELB, FAS). In addition, two miRNA species, hsa‐miR‐197 and hsa‐miR‐99, were significantly associated with pericellular fibrosis in NASH patients (P < 0.05). Levels of IL‐6 in the serum negatively correlated with the expression levels of all seven miRNAs capable of down regulating IL‐6 encoding gene.Conclusions  miRNA expression from VAT may contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD – a finding which may distinguish relatively simple steatosis from NASH. This could help identify potential targets for pharmacological treatment regimens and candidate biomarkers for NASH.
Systematic review: self‐management support interventions for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Dorn S. D. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 513–521SummaryBackground  Irritable bowel syndrome is an extremely common and costly condition. Because there is no cure, patients must be supported to manage their own condition.Aim  To assess systematically the interventions used to support irritable bowel syndrome patient self‐management.Methods  A search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO was performed to identify all studies that involved self‐management support interventions for irritable bowel syndrome. Studies that compared the self‐management‐related intervention to a control group were included.Results  Eleven studies that involved a total of 1657 patients were included. For nearly all studies, the intervention was associated with statistically significant benefits. However, across studies there was significant heterogeneity in terms of sample size, diagnostic criteria, study setting, study design, primary outcome, statistical analyses and study quality. Therefore, individual study results could not be statistically combined.Conclusions  Many self‐management support interventions appear benefit patients with irritable bowel syndrome. However, studies were limited by methodological flaws. Furthermore, feasibility in ‘real world’ clinical practice is uncertain. Thus, practical self‐management interventions that can be applied across various clinical settings should be developed, and then tested in well‐designed clinical trials.
Potential role of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 in the pathogenesis of erosive and non‐erosive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Calabrese C. , Spisni E. , Liguori G. , Lazzarini G. , Valerii M. C. , Strillacci A. , Gionchetti P. , Pagotto U. , Campieri M. , Rizzello F. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 603–611SummaryBackground  Cannabinoid (CB) receptors have been located in brain areas involved in the triggering of TLESRs as well as in the nodose ganglion from which vagal afferents emanate. The distribution of CB1 receptors has been investigated in the human gastrointestinal mucosa, as expression of inflammatory process.Aim  To evaluate the CB1 expression in oesophageal mucosa.Methods  A total of 87 consecutive subjects were enrolled: 10 controls, 39 NERD and 38 erosive oesophagitis. Eight specimens were taken from macroscopically normal mucosa. Five were processed by haematoxylin–eosin, MIB1/CB1 evaluation and three for the RNA and proteins extraction.Results  The mean MIB1‐LI value was 31% and 22% in NERD and ERD patients, respectively, compared to 68% in the healthy subjects. Mean CB1mRNA/GUSB mRNA value of the controls was 0.66, while in GERD patients, it was 0.28. In NERD and ERD, the mean values of CB1/GUSB were 0.38 and 0.17, respectively, with highly significant differences between the NERD vs. ERD groups. Semi‐quantitative analysis of CB1 expression, performed with WB, shows in NERD patients a higher CB1 receptor expression than ERD patients.Conclusions  With this study, we showed for the first time the presence of CB1 receptors in the human oesophageal epithelium.