bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional anaesthesia for major orthopaedic trauma surgery in patients with conservatively managed pneumothoraces
Authors: Yadav H. , Gera S. , Sehgal L. , Minhas V. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe anaesthetic management of multiple traumatic injuries poses numerous challenges. In this report, we present the cases of two patients with polytrauma including pneumothoraces and multiple rib fractures. The first patient, a 39‐year‐old man, presented with multiple left upper limb fractures, multiple bilateral rib fractures, bilateral pneumothoraces and fractures of multiple facial and cranial bones. The second patient, a 39‐year‐old woman, presented with right‐sided radial and ulnar fractures, a right‐sided pelvic fracture, and multiple right‐sided rib fractures with an associated pneumothorax. We used ultrasound‐guided superficial cervical plexus, interscalene and supraclavicular blocks in the first case and a combined spinal and epidural after ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca and supraclavicular blocks in the second case. In both cases, the use of multiple regional techniques allowed us to avoid the risks of general anaesthesia in patients with conservatively managed pneumothoraces.
Harnessing leather waste in polymer matrix for sustainable smart shape‐stable phase change materials
Authors: Sarkar Jit , Samanta Debasis , Chaudhuri Saikat , Angeline J. , Kumari K. G. Akshaya , Jaisankar Sellamuthu N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe utilization of leather waste (LW) in a polyurethane (PU) matrix makes a smart and novel shape stable phase change material (SSPCM). This is essential for sustainability as it reduces landfill waste after use. The PU is synthesized in bulk with a 90% yield, using biodegradable polycaprolactone diol and bio‐based polyol (castor oil), along with tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate. PL and PLG composites are prepared by blending of constituent components PU (P), LW (L), and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA, G), as specified by their code names. Role of LW (hydrogen bonding and chemical crosslinking) and morphology are elucidated by FTIR and SEM, respectively. Self‐healing time (2 h), shape fixity ratios (Rf) (PL: 60–80% and PLG: 60–70%) and shape recovery ratios (Rr) (100% for both) are determined at 60°C. PLG displays faster shape recovery in water (<30 s) compared to air (>300 s). Shape stability and thermal properties of the SSPCM are examined using the temperature responsive leakage study, TGA, and DSC. This research introduces a new approach for using leather waste (LW) in SSPCM, with self‐healing and 100% Rr. This material may find application where SSPCM with high durability and flexibility is essential such as textile and footwear materials.
Microstructure and performance modification of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane via adjusting the composition of coagulation Bath
Authors: Zhai Yiwei , Kang Qianru , Zhao Fangbo , Chen Hongxu , Li Junqing , Park Hee‐Deung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of the composition of a nonsolvent bath on the physicochemical properties of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes were comprehensively investigated using the nonsolvent‐induced phase separation method. Three additives (ethanol, glycerol, or NaCl) were added to the water coagulation bath respectively to obtain different membranes. It was found that the microstructure of the membranes changed from finger‐like structure to the sponge‐like structure with the increase of additives concentration, which successfully improved the retention and mechanical properties of the membranes. In addition, the membrane surface became smoother and more hydrophilic. The membrane fabricated in 30 wt% glycerol bath exhibited outstanding comprehensive properties of retention and anti‐fouling, with a water flux of 243.5 L/(m2 h), a bovine serum albumin rejection of more than 90%, and a flux recovery rate of 97%. From mechanism analysis, the addition of ethanol, glycerol, or NaCl to the coagulation bath altered the thermodynamic stability of the polymer system, and slowed down the rate of solvent and nonsolvent diffusion from a kinetic perspective. This research provides important clues for optimizing the membrane properties, such as flux, rejection, and strength.
ATI Stabilized Germylene Cation as a Cyanosilylation Catalyst for Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Singh Dharmendra , Kumar Hemant , Joshi Prakash Chandra , Singh Vishal , Shukla Pratima , Sharma Tanu , Rajaraman Gopalan , Nagendran Selvarajan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligand stabilized germylene cation [(i‐Bu)2ATIGe][B(C6F5)4] (2) is found to be an efficient low‐valent main‐group catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones (ATI=aminotroponiminate). It was synthesized by reacting [(i‐Bu)2ATIGeCl] (1) with Na[B(C6F5)4]. The catalytic cyanosilylation of diverse aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) using 0.075–0.75 mol% of compound 2 was completed within 5–45 min. The catalytic efficiency seen with aliphatic aldehydes was around 15,800 h−1, making compound 2 a capable low‐valent main‐group catalyst for the aldehyde and ketone cyanosilylation reactions. Further, DFT calculations reveal a pronounced charge localization at the germanium atom of compound 2, leading to its superior catalytic performance.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide exerts an osteoinductive effect in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Castro‐Vázquez David , Arribas‐Castaño Paula , García‐López Iván , Gutiérrez‐Cañas Irene , Pérez‐García Selene , Lamana Amalia , Villanueva‐Romero Raúl , Cabrera‐Martín Alicia , Tecza Karolina , Martínez Carmen , Juarranz Yasmina , Gomariz Rosa P. , Carrión Mar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral neuropeptides present in bone tissues, produced by nerve fibers and bone cells, have been reported to play a role in regulating the fine‐tuning of osteoblast and osteoclast functions to maintain bone homeostasis. This study aims to characterize the influence of the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the differentiation process of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts and on their anabolic function. We describe the mRNA and protein expression profile of VIP and its receptors in MSCs as they differentiate into osteoblasts, suggesting the presence of an autocrine signaling pathway in these cells. Our findings reveal that VIP enhances the expression of early osteoblast markers in MSCs under osteogenic differentiation and favors both bone matrix formation and proper cytoskeletal reorganization. Finally, our data suggest that VIP could be exerting a direct modulatory role on the osteoblast to osteoclast signaling by downregulating the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio. These results highlight the potential of VIP as an osteoinductive differentiation factor, emerging as a key molecule in the maintenance of human bone homeostasis.
Prime editing‐mediated correction of the leptin receptor in muscle cells of db/db mice
Authors: Lee Kyung Eun , Xu Yanping , Geng Bingchuan , Kim Jongsoo , Kellon Natalie , He Zhixian , Zhang Zhentao , Li Deqiang , Gouchoe Doug A. , Zhu Hua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenetic diseases can be caused by monogenic diseases, which result from a single gene mutation in the DNA sequence. Many innovative approaches have been developed to cure monogenic genetic diseases, namely by genome editing. A specific type of genomic editing, prime editing, has the potential advantage to edit the human genome without requiring double‐strand breaks or donor DNA templates for editing. Additionally, prime editing does not require a precisely positioned protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence, which offers flexible target and more precise genomic editing. Here we detail a novel construction of a prime editing extended guide RNA (pegRNA) to target mutated leptin receptors in B6.BKS(D)‐Leprdb/J mice (db/db mice). The pegRNA was then injected into the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle of db/db mice to demonstrate in vivo efficacy, which resulted in pegRNA mediated base transversion at endogenous base transversion. Genomic DNA sequencing confirmed that prime editing could correct the mutation of leptin receptor gene in db/db mice. Furthermore, prime editing treated skeletal muscle exhibited enhanced leptin receptor signals. Thus, the current study showed in vivo efficacy of prime editing to correct mutant protein and rescue the physiology associated with functional protein.
Molecular and immunological characteristics of postoperative relapse in lymph node‐positive esophageal squamous cell cancer
Authors: Pan Hua‐guang , Fang Han‐lin , Zhu Chan , Li Si , Yi Huan , Zhang Xing , Yin Xiang‐yu , Song Yun‐jie , Chen Dongsheng , Yin Chun‐tong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe molecular and immunological characteristics of primary tumors and positive lymph nodes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are unknown and the relationship with recurrence is unclear, which this study attempted to explore.MethodsA total of 30 ESCC patients with lymph node positive (IIB‐IVA) were enrolled. Among them, primary tumor and lymph node specimens were collected from each patient, and subjected to 551‐tumor‐targeted DNA sequencing and 289‐immuno‐oncology RNA panel sequencing to identify the different molecular basis and immunological features, respectively.ResultsThe primary tumors exhibited a higher mutation burden than lymph nodes (p < 0.001). One‐year recurrent ESCC exhibited a higher Mucin16 (MUC16) mutation rate (p = 0.038), as well as univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that MUC16 mutation is independent genetic factor associated with reduced relapse‐free survival (univariate, HR: 5.39, 95% CI: 1.67–17.4, p = 0.005; multivariate, HR: 7.36, 95% CI: 1.79–30.23, p = 0.006). Transcriptomic results showed non‐relapse group had higher cytolytic activity (CYT) score (p = 0.025), and was enriched in the IFN‐α pathway (p = 0.036), while those in the relapsed group were enriched in the TNF‐α/NF‐κB (p = 0.001) and PI3K/Akt pathway (p = 0.014).ConclusionThe difference in molecular characteristics between primary lesions and lymph nodes may be the cause of the inconsistent clinical outcomes. Mutations of MUC16 and poor immune infiltration are associated with rapid relapse of nodes‐positive ESCC.
Novel Aryl Thioamides Derivatives as Insect Growth Regulators Analogues against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Design, Synthesis, Insecticidal Activity and Biochemical Impacts
Authors: Asiri Badriah M. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA significant reason for developing innovative insecticidal active agents is the exponential rise in resistance to traditional chemical pesticides. Exploring new classes of insecticidal compounds with distinct mechanisms of action is one way to address this difficulty. So that, novel aryl thioamides derivatives 3–15 has been synthesized viaone‐pot, three‐component reaction of aroyl chloride, ammonium thiocyanate, and aromatic amines in dry acetone. The newly synthesized compounds′ structures were validated by various spectroscopic methods, including elemental analysis, 1H‐NMR, 13C NMR, and infrared spectroscopy. Under laboratory circumstances, the synthesized compounds showed good and broad‐spectrum insecticidal activities toward S. littorali. When compared to other synthetic target compounds, 2,4‐dichloro‐N‐[(3‐fluorophenyl)carbamothioyl]benzamide 11, 2,4‐dichloro‐N‐[(3‐fluorophenyl)carbamothioyl]benzenecarbothioamide 13 showed good insecticidal activity, with 46.33 mg/L and LC50 values of 49.25 mg/L for 2nd instar larvae. Furthermore, the compound 3 was the least toxic in controlling the second and fourth instar larvae of S. littoralis on tomato leaves. Additionally, several histopathological and biochemical features of the some synthesized compounds under laboratory circumstances were also examined.
On Inter‐bubble Hydrodynamics and Cluster Formation in Non‐Newtonian Bubbly Columns: A Review
Authors: Li Yunsong , Yuan Wenjun , Duan Lian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the inter‐bubble dynamics and the cluster formations in non‐Newtonian fluids is pivotal for chemical and biomedical engineering applications. In this review, we summarize current research efforts to provide a fundamental understanding and engineering principles of the interactions between bubbles and the dynamics of bubble clusters in non‐Newtonian fluids. Although the majority of research is still predominantly conducted through experimentation, the significance of computational fluid dynamics in elucidating interaction mechanisms has become increasingly prominent in recent years. Moreover, the gas‐liquid systems reviewed in this paper are driven by gravity, which is closer to the actual industrial processes. We indicate the effects of non‐Newtonian fluid special rheological properties (especially viscoelasticity and shear‐dependent viscosity) on the interaction between multiple bubbles and the formation of clusters. We summarize the main empirical correlations in related research, which are useful for the optimization of industry. Ultimately, we address the current trends, limitations, and future directions in this research field.
Coexistence of brain capillary telangiectasia and venous angioma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Moursi Moaz O. , Alsadi Anas , Ali Yousra , Kolleri Jouhar , Hussein Tanweer 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageWhile Cerebral vascular malformations exhibit distinct clinical and radiographical features, rare instances of coexisting lesions occur. This case report sheds light on the rare coexistence of brain capillary telangiectasia and venous angioma in a patient presenting with a seizure attributed to frontal lobe bleeding. Though often silent, brain capillary telangiectasia can manifest with serious life‐threatening intracranial bleeding. Therefore, in cases of spontaneous intracranial bleeding, an MRI of the head is crucial to rule out such cerebral vascular malformations.
Endodontic management of a four‐canal mandibular second premolar; using an operative microscope: A case report
Authors: Ghabraei Sholeh , MahjourianQomi Reza , Bagheri Parisa 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageDue to the complexities and variations of the root canal system's anatomy, mandibular premolars are among the most difficult teeth for endodontic treatment. The lack of clinician knowledge ultimately leads to treatment failure.AbstractMandibular premolars are the most complicated teeth for endodontic treatment because of the variations in root canal anatomy. On the other hand, missing root canals can subsequently lead to failure of endodontic treatment, which causes the patient to become symptomatic. Therefore, the clinician's knowledge of the different types of root canal anatomy and the skill of using new equipment for proper root canal treatment improve the outcome. This study reported the successful endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with four root canals by using an operative microscope.
Primary leiomyosarcoma of thyroid with pulmonary metastasis: A diagnostic odyssey
Authors: Ullah Safi , Fazal Hamza , Hassan Subtain , Saqib Muhammad , Khan Abdul Wali , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Ullah Irfan 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe presented primary thyroid leiomyosarcoma (TL) case report underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing the diagnostic challenges and management complexities associated with this exceedingly rare malignancy. Given the limited effective therapeutic strategies available, timely intervention, thorough diagnostics, and vigilant follow‐up are paramount in managing such intricate tumors. Further research focusing on molecular‐based treatment modalities is imperative to improve patient outcomes in cases of primary TL.
Bifunctional Strontium Cobalt Molybdenum Oxide (Sr2CoMoO6) Perovskite as an Efficient Catalyst for Electrochemical Water Splitting Reactions in Alkaline Media
Authors: Atif Shahan , Padhy Abhisek , Jha Pawan Kumar , Sachdeva Dorothy , Barpanda Prabeer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeveloping earth‐abundant low‐cost electrocatalysts is of prime research interest towards the need for clean energy technology, such as water‐splitting reactions. Herein, we have explored the electrocatalytic activity of the double perovskite‐based strontium cobalt molybdenum oxide (SCMO) towards water‐splitting reactions, both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in harsh alkaline condition (1 M KOH). Prepared by scalable autocombustion synthesis, the as‐synthesised bulk SCMO perovskite exhibited impressive electrocatalytic performance attributed to its substantial electrochemical active surface area, measured at 26.3 cm2. For the OER, it exhibited an overpotential of 350 mV with a Tafel slope value of 76 mV/dec. Concurrently, it showed proficient activity in the HER, revealing an overpotential of 270 mV and a Tafel slope of 112 mV/dec. Further, this perovskite material was stable during continuous electrocatalysis over a 24 h period in harsh alkaline media with a negligible increase in observed overpotential value. The electronic density of states confirmed that the Co plays a pivotal role in enhancing electrocatalytic activities. This is achieved by a substantial reduction in the band gap and enhancement of the d‐band centre to an optimal level, rendering the system more favourable for electrocatalytic reactions. Our study contributes essential insights to the advancement of the design and utilization of perovskite‐based catalysts in the realm of sustainable energy technologies.
The Effect of Residence Time and Stream Restrictions on the Precursors’ Structure and Coke Morphology
Authors: Pourabdollah Kobra , Khoshbin Reza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, the precursors and intermediates of catalytic dehydrogenation of toluene, ethylbenzene, and styrene (TES) stream were detected, quantified, and classified at 750–800 °C. The classification approach for tracing the structural changes of the produced precursors was designed based on different residence times of intermediates, leading to the presentation of a morphology prediction model for precipitated coke according to the restriction of stream pass. The results revealed that the coke structure of encapsulating is formed by heavier precursors produced at a restricted direction of flow. On the other hand, the filamentous coke made from lighter precursors is formed at smooth streams with no restricted areas.
Modified Rice Husk Waste‐Based Filter for Wastewater Treatment: Pilot Study and Reuse Potential
Authors: Badawi Ahmad K. , Kriaa Karim , Osman Randa M. , Hassan Raouf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates a rice husk waste‐based filter (RHW‐BF) for the treatment of graywater (GW) and primary treated wastewater (PTW). The RHW‐BF comprises three layers: coarse sand, chemically modified rice husk (MRH), and gravel. Continuous runs (Run I, II, III) assessed chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, and turbidity removal. Run (I) for GW achieved high removal: 73.7 %, 73.4 %, 74.6 %, and 92.6 %. Subsequent runs showed decreasing efficiencies due to media saturation. Similar trends occurred for PTW, with Run (I) achieving significant removal: 70.3 %, 69.0 %, 44.2 %, and 90.2 %. MRH particles played a crucial role in sustainable pollutant removal. The study compares treated wastewater with the World Health Organization and Egyptian limits, demonstrating its suitability for reuse in irrigation, agriculture, or sewer discharge.
Enantioselective Alkylation of Aldehydes with Organoborons Enabled by Nickel/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis†
Authors: Liu Song‐Yang , Wang Zi‐Chao , Shi Shi‐Liang 
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive SummaryTransition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes represents a straightforward strategy for the synthesis of chiral secondary alcohols. However, efficient methods using organoborons as coupling reagents are rare. Herein, we report a highly enantioselective nickel‐catalyzed alkylation reaction of aldehydes, using readily available alkylborons as nucleophiles. A wide variety of chiral secondary alcohols were prepared from commercially available aldehydes with high yields. The key to the excellent enantioselectivity and chemoselectivity was the employment of a bulky C2‐symmetric chiral NHC ligand. This protocol features excellent enantiocontrol, mild conditions, and good functional group compatibility.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Metal‐Free Regio‐ & Stereoselective C(sp2)–H Amination of Enamides with N‐Aminopyridium Salts
Authors: Qin Zheng‐Bao , Ni Kun , Wang Li , Wu Xiao‐Di , Zhang Yu , Zhao Kai 
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive SummaryA visible‐light‐induced photoredox‐catalyzed regioselective and stereoselective C(sp2)–H amination of enamides with bench‐stable and easily accessible N‐aminopyridium salts is developed, affording synthetically and biologically prominent vicinal 1,2‐diamine scaffolds with broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility. The transformation proceeded through a radical pathway involving the Giese addition of the relatively electrophilic N‐centered sulfonamidyl radical species to nucleophilic β‐olefinic position of enamides followed by the ensuing single electron oxidation and β‐H elimination, delivering geometrically‐defined Z‐configured β‐sulfonamidylated enamides. The operational simplicity, environmental friendliness and cost efficiency of this methodology allowed it to pave a new avenue to enrich the arsenal of synthetically crucial functionalized enamides and their related derivatives.
Neurochemistry and circuit organization of the lateral spiriform nucleus of birds: A uniquely nonmammalian direct pathway component of the basal ganglia
Authors: Reiner Anton , Medina Loreta , Abellan Antonio , Deng Yunping , Toledo Claudio A. B. , Luksch Harald , Vega‐Zuniga Tomas , Riley Nell B. , Hodos William , Karten Harvey J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe used diverse methods to characterize the role of avian lateral spiriform nucleus (SpL) in basal ganglia motor function. Connectivity analysis showed that SpL receives input from globus pallidus (GP), and the intrapeduncular nucleus (INP) located ventromedial to GP, whose neurons express numerous striatal markers. SpL‐projecting GP neurons were large and aspiny, while SpL‐projecting INP neurons were medium sized and spiny. Connectivity analysis further showed that SpL receives inputs from subthalamic nucleus (STN) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and that the SNr also receives inputs from GP, INP, and STN. Neurochemical analysis showed that SpL neurons express ENK, GAD, and a variety of pallidal neuron markers, and receive GABAergic terminals, some of which also contain DARPP32, consistent with GP pallidal and INP striatal inputs. Connectivity and neurochemical analysis showed that the SpL input to tectum prominently ends on GABAA receptor‐enriched tectobulbar neurons. Behavioral studies showed that lesions of SpL impair visuomotor behaviors involving tracking and pecking moving targets. Our results suggest that SpL modulates brainstem‐projecting tectobulbar neurons in a manner comparable to the demonstrated influence of GP internus on motor thalamus and of SNr on tectobulbar neurons in mammals. Given published data in amphibians and reptiles, it seems likely the SpL circuit represents a major direct pathway‐type circuit by which the basal ganglia exerts its motor influence in nonmammalian tetrapods. The present studies also show that avian striatum is divided into three spatially segregated territories with differing connectivity, a medial striato‐nigral territory, a dorsolateral striato‐GP territory, and the ventrolateral INP motor territory.