bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of Xanthigen™in the weight management of obese premenopausal women with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal liver fat
Authors: Abidov M. , Ramazanov Z. , Seifulla R. , Grachev S. 
Published: October 2009

Aim:To investigate the effects of Xanthigen (brown marine algae fucoxanthin + pomegranate seed oil (PSO)) on body weight, body fat, liver lipids, and blood biochemistry; and Xanthigen and its individual components on resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese, non‐diabetic female volunteers with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and normal liver fat (NLF) content.Methods:Sixteen‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. Food record data, body composition, REE (only 41 volunteers with NAFLD) and blood sample analysis were assessed weekly for 16 weeks in 151 non‐diabetic, obese premenopausal women with liver fat content above 11% (NAFLD) n = 113, and below 6.5% (NLF) n = 38.Results:Xanthigen‐600/2.4 mg (300 mg PSO + 300 mg brown seaweed extract containing 2.4 mg fucoxanthin) resulted in statistically significant reduction of body weight (5.5 ± 1.4 kg NAFLD group and 4.9 ± 1.2 kg NLF group, p<0.05), waist circumference (NAFLD group only), body (3.5 ± 1.9 kg NAFLD group, p<0.001; 3.6 ± 0.7 kg NLF group, p<0.05) and liver fat content, liver enzymes (NAFLD group only), serum triglycerides and C‐reactive protein. Weight loss and reduction in body and liver fat content occurred earlier in patients with NLF than in patients with NAFLD. Fucoxanthin (>2.4 mg) and Xanthigen‐400/1.6 mg (200 mg PSO + 200 mg brown seaweed extract containing 1.6 mg fucoxanthin) significantly increased REE in NAFLD subjects compared to placebo.Conclusions:Xanthigen promoted weight loss, reduced body and liver fat content, and improved liver function tests in obese non‐diabetic women. Xanthigen and Fucoxanthin also increased REE. This product may be considered a promising food supplement in the management of obesity.
Fish‐oil supplement has neutral effects on vascular and metabolic function but improves renal function in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wong C.‐Y. , Yiu K.‐H. , Li S.‐W. , Lee S. , Tam S. , Lau C.‐P. , Tse H.‐F. 
Published: October 2009

Diabet. Med. 27, 54–60 (2010)AbstractAims  Increased dietary fish‐oil consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart events and has pronounced effects on dyslipidaemia. However, the effects of fish‐oil supplement on vascular function and metabolic profile in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are unclear.Methods  In a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial, we randomized 97 Type 2 DM patients without prior cardiovascular disease to fish‐oil (4 g/day, n = 49) or olive‐oil (with equivalent calories, as placebo, n = 48) supplements for 12 weeks. Assessment of vascular function with brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and metabolic parameters, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), oxidative stress markers and renal function were examined before and after the supplement.Results  Despite a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (−0.47 mmol/l, P < 0.01), 12‐week supplement of fish oil did not improve vascular function as determined by FMD (+0.16%, P = 0.83) and circulating EPC count (+4 cells/μl, P = 0.78). Furthermore, fish‐oil supplement did not have any significant treatment effects on hsCRP, oxidative stress, low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (all P > 0.05). In contrast, serum creatinine was lower (−4.5 μmol/l, P = 0.01) in fish‐oil‐treated patients as compared with control subjects.Conclusions  This study demonstrated that 12 weeks of fish‐oil supplement had no significant beneficial effect on vascular endothelial function, but improved renal function without changes in endothelial function, metabolic profiles, blood pressure, inflammation or oxidative stress in patients with Type 2 DM.
The Choice of Migration Destination: A Longitudinal Approach using Pre‐Migration Outcomes
Authors: Funkhouser Edward 
Published: October 2009

AbstractI use longitudinal data to examine the relationship between individual and household outcomes prior to emigration and choice of migration destination. In addition, I have separately pooled data on Nicaraguans in the destination countries. These two types of data together provide a rich description of the determinants of choice of destination for Nicaraguan emigrants. For emigration to both the United States and Costa Rica, patterns of emigration are consistent with individual wage gains. The main finding, though, is that emigrants to Costa Rica have characteristics similar to non‐emigrants and that emigration to Costa Rica is based relatively more on the current economic condition of the sender household. In contrast, emigration to the United States is based on the accumulated pre‐emigration labor market success of emigrants' households in Nicaragua. These findings suggest that household pre‐migration factors may be more important than individual factors as determinants of the location decision.
Factor Substitution, Income Distribution and Growth in a Generalized Neoclassical Model
Authors: Irmen Andreas , Klump Rainer 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We analyze a generalized neoclassical growth model that combines a normalized CES production function and possible asymmetries of savings out of factor incomes. This generalized model helps to shed new light on a recent debate concerning the impact of factor substitution and income distribution on economic growth. We show that this impact relies on both an efficiency and a distribution effect, where the latter is caused by the distributional consequences of an increase in the elasticity of substitution. While the efficiency effect is always positive, the sign of the distribution effect depends on the particular savings hypothesis. If the savings rate out of capital income is substantial so that a certain threshold value is surpassed, the efficiency effect dominates and higher factor substitution accelerates the accumulation of capital and works as a major engine of growth.
Les conditions sociales d'émergence des mouvements sociaux urbains
Authors: Castells Manuel 
Published: October 2009

Urban conflicts are increasingly visible in the political processes of advanced capitalist societies. There are more and more grassroots movements arising out of urban contradictions. But the theoretical and practical question to be answered is: under which conditions do these movements become agents of social change? This article tries to make some progress in this direction by:

Presenting a theoretical framework for the study of urban social movements.
Observing 180 urban struggles in the Paris metropolitan area (between 1968 and 1973), classifying them into a set of variables and finding some meaningful relationships.
Relating the main trends of these urban movements to the evolution of the political situation in France and, particularly, to the transformation of left‐wing strategy. The main argument is that the urban movements become crucial because they are a major element in the political and ideological hegemony—beyond the boundaries of the industrial working class—which the Left must overcome to go forward in the democratic path to socialism.
Methodological sectarianism in urban sociology
Authors: Dunleavy Patrick 
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:Becquart‐Leclercq, Jeanne, 1976: Paradoxes du pouvoir local. Paris: Presse de la fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 115 francs (cloth) and 80 francs (paper).Biarez, S., Bouchet, C., de Boisberranger, G., Mingasson, C., Monzies, M‐C. and Pouyet, C., 1973: Institution communale et pouvoir politique. Paris: Mouton, 28 francs.
Sur l'intervention de l'état dans le financement du logement
Authors: Cornuel Didier 
Published: October 2009

Magri, S. 1972: Politique du logement et besoins en main d'œuvre.Pinçon, M. 1976: Les HLM. Structure sociale de la population logée, agglomération de Paris.Harvey, D. 1973: Social justice and the cityRoberts, J. T. 1976: General improvement areas. Farnborough:National Community Development Project 1975: The poverty of the improvement programme.Lindberg, L. N., Alford, R., Crouch, C. and Offe, C., editors, 1975: Stress and contradiction in modern capitalism.Perlman, J. E. 1976: The myth of marginality: urban poverty and politics in Rio de Janeiro.Granelle, J‐J. 1975: La valeur du sol urbain et la propriété foncière: le marché des terrains à Paris.
The unity of opposites in urban planning
Authors: Mlinar Zdravko 
Published: October 2009

Cet article examine quelques antinomies existant dans la planification urbaine d'une société socialiste et rattache certaines questions théoriques à la recherche empirique et aux expériences de la pratique sociale en Yugoslavie. La critique des solutions urbanistiques courantes indique un besoin de surmonter une pratique fragmentaire et d'exercer une approche plus dialectique.L'analyse sociologique peut spécifier les conditions possibles pour la mise en œuvre des valeurs dominantes dans une telle société et les relier aux pratiques quotidiennes de la direction du développement urbain. Les antinomies apparents dans la planification urbaine peuvent etre dévoilées pour être ensuite réinterprétées en tant qu'ensemble dialectique. Par exemple:Le sujet/l'objet de la planification La séparation habituelle entre le rôle actif de l'architecte‐urbaniste et du dessinateur (sujet) et le rôle passif du résident (objet) est devenue inacceptable dans le contexte d'une sociéte socialiste avec un systéme d'autogestion.Continuité/discontinuité A la place de la logique prédominante de croissance, il y a à la fois un besoin de continuité et de discontinuité.Visionnarisme/pragmatisme Ni une orientation visionnaire générale et à long terme, ni l'approche pragmatique ne peuvent assurer un changement maximum dans la direction souhaitée.Inertie/correction Plus notre action est aprioriste, plus il faudra de temps pour reconnaître les erreurs passées et les diverses façons de résoudre les problèmes par la suite.Forme/fond L'urbanisme a gardé le vieux cadre du modèle formel et technique des fragments individuels.Dynamique sociale/structure physique La crise de l'environnement urbain représente la phénoménologie des discordes existant entre les dimensions physiques et sociales de la ville.Contrôle/initiative individuelle Un plaus grand contrôle n'est pas forcément incompatible avec la croissance du rôle de l'individu.Stimulation/sanctions négatives La menace des sanctions négatives du pouvoir coercitif de l'état ne peut pas maximiser la mise en œuvre des objectifs de la planification: l'approche affirmative a été négligée.
Travail domestique et espace‐temps des femmes
Authors: Chabaud Danielle , Fougeyrollas Dominique 
Published: October 2009

The subject of this article is the division of labour between the sexes which is specific to capitalism, and the characteristics of the space‐time of women.On the basis of works written by historians, we are trying to show that the present division of labour which sentences women primarily to domestic work and men to productive work, is linked to the specifically capitalist separation between production and reproduction. The whole sphere of reproduction where specialized institutions such as school or medicine are closely linked to the family, contributes, through the transformations of domestic work, to the establishment of new social relationships: the children are permanent objects of care and education, the women are defined in terms of mother‐wives. Those transformations can be seen in those of the space and time of urban structures and housing.Now the space‐time of women seems mainly structured by domestic work. Concrete elements underline it: for example the space‐time imposed upon women is delimited by a series of prohibitions bearing upon those places and times that do not belong to domestic work. The constitution of this space‐time is based upon the negation of women's work within production.Reformulated in terms of mobility, the space‐time of women differs according to social classes but its main features stem from the division of labour between the sexes and the status of the mother‐wife.
Femmes et transports en milieu urbain
Authors: Coutras J. , Fagnani J. 
Published: October 2009

The purpose of this article is to attempt an approach to the problem of women in an 'urban setting'. Taking the Parisian region as an example, we analyse the ambivalent role played by transport in women's insertion in society.We try to pinpoint the determinants of women's mobility, one of the components of their way of life, considering both the availability of transport‐public and individual‐and the roles which are Allotted to women within the family. Stress is put on the prevalent contradictions which exist between the ideological norms of a patriarchal order which primarily bind women to the home and the requirements of the present capitalist system which needs them in the labour market while at the same time benefitting from certain aspects of the functioning of the family unit.Women are therefore constantly faced with the problems of reconciling family and domestic life with life outside the home. In this attempt at reconciliation, transport plays an important part.
Book review essay
Authors: Bradley Tony 
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:Capitalism and countryside: rural sociology as political economy: Newby, H. 1977: The deferential worker — a study of farm workers in East Anglia.Capitalism and countryside: rural sociology as political economy: Newby, H., Bell, C., Rose, D. and Saunders, P. 1978: Property, paternalism and power — class and control in rural England.Capitalism and countryside: rural sociology as political economy: Newby, H. 1980: Green and pleasant land? — social change in rural England.
Jung's dissociable psyche and the ec‐static self
Authors: Austin Sue 
Published: October 2009

Abstract: Much of Jung's later work assumes that the self is an a priori phenomenon in which centripetal dynamics dominate. There is, however, another current in Jung's writings which recognizes the self to be an emergent phenomenon. This view is increasingly prevalent in post‐Jungian discourse, and Louis Zinkin's exploration of a post‐Jungian‐constructivist model of the self can be seen as part of this tendency.My paper privileges an emergent understanding of the self by focusing on the ‘unravelling’, ‘de‐centring’, centrifugal experiences of otherness in the psyche. It offers a post‐Jungian reading of a number of writers who have been influenced by the psychoanalyst Jean Laplanche and proposes a model of the self which focuses on our fantasies, terrors and longings about coming undone and bringing others undone.This model is then linked to Judith Butler's understanding of the self as an ec‐static phenomenon, in which the self is, of necessity, outside itself, such that ‘there is no final moment in which my return to myself takes place’. I suggest that Jung's early clinical researches into the dissociability of the psyche and the clinical tools which he developed as a result of this work are especially suitable for engaging with these emergent, centrifugal dynamics.
The enigmatic signifier and the decentred subject
Authors: Hinton Ladson 
Published: October 2009

I placed a jar in Tennessee,             And round it was, upon a hill.             It made the slovenly wilderness             Surround that hill …             It took dominion everywhere.             The jar was grey and bare.             It did not give of bird or bush             Like nothing else in Tennessee.‘Anecdote of the Jar’ by Wallace StevensAbstract: War, genocide, economic upheaval and terrorism have crushed belief in endlessly ‘enlightened’ progress. We more and more doubt the teleological nature of psychological events, including the activity of a Self or centre that guides the development of the subject. There is a growing view of a ‘decentred’ subject that develops in the face of an enigmatic Otherness. Jean Laplanche has created an extensive metapsychology describing this situation, emphasizing the original helplessness of an infant who is bathed in enigmatic messages from its very beginnings. These messages from the adult other are often sexualized, and are partly or largely unconscious to the sender. Laplanche calls this situation ‘primal seduction’. The immature human cannot fully metabolize such adult messages, and through ‘primal repression’ they remain as the unconscious core of subjectivity. They disrupt psychological life, conveying a sense of signifying something to the subject. What they signify is an enigma, like finding a hieroglyph in the desert. The story of relationships and culture is the story of our repeated attempts to translate them, to respond to them. An analytic case illustrates these concepts as they appear in the transference, first as gaps and monsters, and then in the crucial and surprising appearance of transformative laughter. The vicissitudes of the clinical situation illustrate the vital importance of the enigmatic signifier in the development of the subject.
Dopamine and γ‐aminobutyric acid are colocalized in restricted groups of neurons in the sea lamprey brain: insights into the early evolution of neurotransmitter colocalization in vertebrates
Authors: Barreiro‐Iglesias Antón , Villar‐Cerviño Verona , Anadón Ramón , Rodicio María Celina 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSince its discovery, the possible corelease of classic neurotransmitters from neurons has received much attention. Colocalization of monoamines and amino acidergic neurotransmitters [mainly glutamate and dopamine (DA) or serotonin] in mammalian neurons has been reported. However, few studies have dealt with the colocalization of DA and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neurons. With the aim of providing some insight into the colocalization of neurotransmitters during early vertebrate phylogeny, we studied GABA expression in dopaminergic neurons in the sea lamprey brain by using double‐immunofluorescence methods with anti‐DA and anti‐GABA antibodies. Different degrees of colocalization of DA and GABA were observed in different dopaminergic brain nuclei. A high degree of colocalization (GABA in at least 25% of DA‐immunoreactive neurons) was observed in populations of the caudal rhombencephalon, ventral isthmus, postoptic commissure nucleus, preoptic nucleus and in granule‐like cells of the olfactory bulb. A new DA‐immunoreactive striatal population that showed colocalization with GABA in about a quarter of its neurons was observed. In the periventricular hypothalamus, colocalization was observed in only a few cells, despite the abundance of DA‐ and GABA‐immunoreactive neurons, and no double‐labelled cells were observed in the paratubercular nucleus. The frequent colocalization of DA and GABA reveals that the dopaminergic populations of lampreys are more complex than previously reported. Double‐labelled fibres or terminals were observed in different brain regions, suggesting possible corelease of DA and GABA by these lamprey neurons. The present results suggest that colocalization of DA and GABA in neurons appeared early in vertebrate evolution.
Phonological development in very‐low‐birthweight children: an exploratory study
Authors: VAN NOORT‐VAN DER SPEK INGE L , FRANKEN MARIE‐CHRISTINE JP , WIERINGA MARJAN H , WEISGLAS‐KUPERUS NYNKE 
Published: October 2009

Aim  Very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW; birthweight <1500g and/or gestational age <32wks) children are at risk for speech problems. However, there are few studies on speech development in VLBW children at an early age. The aim of this study was to investigate phonological development in 2‐year‐old VLBW children.Method  Twenty VLBW children without major neurosensory impairment (7 males, 13 females; mean birthweight 971g, SD 315; mean gestational age 28wks, SD 1.81) and 20 term children (7 males, 13 females; mean birthweight 3503g, SD 416; mean gestational age 40wks, SD 1.26) were compared on measures of phonological development derived from 20‐minute spontaneous speech samples of standardized mother–child play interaction as well as on standardized tests of cognitive and psychomotor development, language, and behaviour.Results  VLBW children had significantly fewer acquired consonants (median 9, p=0.02) and a significantly lower phonological mean length of utterance (pMLU; median 4.1, p<0.01) than term children (median acquired consonants 10, median pMLU 5.0).Interpretation  This study provides evidence for poor phonological development in even healthy VLBW children, compared with term‐matched children, independent of their cognitive, psychomotor, and language development, and their behavioural functioning.
Effects of gestational diabetes on fetal oxygen and glucose levels in vivo
Authors: Taricco E , Radaelli T , Rossi G , Nobile de Santis MS , Bulfamante GP , Avagliano L , Cetin I 
Published: October 2009

Objective  Fetal hypoxia and acidemia have been reported in pregestational diabetic pregnancies in relation to poor glycaemic control, but it is still uncertain whether this is the case in apparently well‐controlled gestational diabetes.Population and methods  Maternal arterial and umbilical venous and arterial blood samples were collected from 37 normal (N) and 38 pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes (GDM) at the time of caesarean section.Main outcome measures  Respiratory gases, acid–base balance, lactate and glucose concentrations were measured.Results  Both fetal and placental weights were significantly increased in GDM compared to N pregnancies, despite similar gestational age. Maternal biochemical parameters were similar in N and GDM but GDM fetuses were significantly more hypoxic (O2 saturation: N 63.2 ± 13.9; GDM 53.8 ± 14.6%, P < 0.01; O2 content: N 5.5 ± 1.4; GDM 4.8 ± 1.2 mmol/l, P < 0.05). Glucose (N 3.4 ± 0.5, GDM 3.9 ± 1.2 mmol/l, P < 0.05) and lactate (N 1.32 ± 0.49; GDM 1.64 ± 0.75 mmol/l, P < 0.05) concentrations were significantly increased in the umbilical vein in GDM compared to N fetuses. Placental histology was consistent with altered villous morphology.Conclusions  Our data indicate that fetuses from gestational diabetic mothers have increased umbilical glucose concentrations despite normal maternal glucose levels and a reduction in oxygen saturation and O2 content together with increased lactate concentration, reflecting altered fetal metabolism. These data suggest that ‘good maternal metabolic control’ achieved by currently used methods of monitoring glucose control is not sufficient to ensure a normal oxygenation status and metabolic milieu for the fetus in GDM pregnancies.