bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT and MR imaging in primary cerebral Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Lanfermann H. , Heindel W. , Schaper J. , Schröder R. , Hansmann M.-L. , Lehrke R. , Ernestus R.-I. , Lackner K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to determine the morphological appearance and topographical distribution of primary cerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Material and Methods: CT and MR examinations of 68 patients with primary cerebral NHL were analyzed. the NHLs were classified by the Kiel classification and im-munohistological data, as centroblastic (25), immunoblastic (24), lymphoblastic (5), Burkitt (1), non-subclassifiable type B (11), and T-cell lymphoma (2). Results: Centroblastic lymphomas tended to predominate in the parietal lobe (56.5%) and the corpus callosum (59.1%) while immunoblastic lymphomas were mainly distributed in the frontal lobe (52.8%). About 2/3 of all NHLs showed a multi-focal occurrence. Important for differential diagnosis, ventricular involvement was proved in 83.3% of these cases. in the remaining 26 patients with a solitary lymphoma, a periventricular location could be detected in only 8 cases. Central necroses were frequent in HIV-positive patients (7/11, 63.6%) but rare in the HIV-negative patients (9/57,15.8%). on T2-weighted SE MR images, 8/11 centroblastic lymphomas gave a signal that was isointense with, or lower than, that of the contralateral white matter, while 8/10 immunoblastic lymphomas gave a higher signal. Conclusion: the radiological finding of multifocal brain lesions with ventricular involvement is relatively specific for primary cerebral NHL. However, subclassification on the basis of the CT or MR imaging results is not yet possible.
Brain penetration and neurological effects of gadobenate dimeglumine in the rat
Authors: Luzzani F. , Cipolla P. , Pélaprat M. L. , Robert F. , Gotti C. , Tirone P. , de Haen C. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the study aimed at measuring the amount of the gadobenate ion that crosses an experimentally disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats following i.v. administration of gadobenate dimeglumine (GD). the intention was also to compare this amount with the minimally effective intrathecal dose that alters the cerebral function. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats with an osmotically disrupted BBB received 0.3 mmol/kg of (153Gd)GD, i.v. Radioactivity was measured in plasma and brain parenchyma. the effect on the cerebral function was evaluated by means of a standard motor coordination test (Rota-rod test). Results: Brain levels of the gadobenate ion were approximately 60 nmol/g tissue after i.v. injection of GD. in rats with an intact BBB, the lowest dose of GD able to slightly impair motor coordination was 0.01 mmol/kg following intracisternal injection. Conclusion: I.v. administration of GD to rats with a disrupted BBB results in brain levels of the gadobenate ion that are more than 20 times lower than those reached following intrathecal administration of the minimal effective dose, as determined by the Rota-rod test.
Variable tip angle slab selection pulses for carotid and cerebral time-of-flight MR angiography
Authors: Ikushima I. , Korogi Y. , Hirai T. , Takahashi M. 
Published: January 2010

Objective: to determine the optimal parameters of variable tip angle slab selection (tilted optimized nonsaturating excitation, TONE) pulses in time-of-flight MR angiography, in order to produce the best visualization of vessels distal to the entry partition. Material and Methods: the influences of the mean flip angle (MFA) and the profile tilt of the TONE pulse in three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight MR angiography were evaluated with a mathematical modeling of the flow signal amplitude. We compared the calculated flow signals with the signals from flow-phantom models and with those from 6 normal volunteers. 3D gradient echo images (TR/TE/30/7) were acquired with a single variable of the MFA and the profile tilt. the flow velocity of the phantom was maintained at 15 cm/s. Regions of interest were measured on the source images. We also evaluated the visualization of the cerebral vessels on maximum intensity projection images obtained with and without TONE pulses in 5 other healthy volunteers. Results: the changes of flow signals in the phantom and in the volunteers were in good accord with those of the signals mathematically predicted and plotted by a computer, as each parameter was varied. the peripheral saturation was weaker at smaller MFA than at larger MFA. A greater profile tilt produced a more pronounced TONE effect than a lower one. the visualization of the peripheral cerebral vessels was markedly improved by the addition of the TONE pulse. Conclusion: Computer simulation is useful for examining the optimal TONE parameters. the TONE pulse markedly improves the visualization of the distal branches of the cerebral vessels.
Diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Soldo D. , Brkljacic B. , Bozikov V. , Drinkovic I. , Hauser M. 
Published: January 2010

Background: the purposes of this study were: to compare conventional and duplex Doppler ultrasonography in the detection of renal changes in diabetes mellitus; to investigate whether a correlation was found with various clinical stages; and to assess whether increased renal vascular resistance in asymptomatic patients correlated with mild renal functional impairment. Material and Methods: in 190 diabetic patients and 85 controls, conventional ultrasonography was used to assess renal length, parenchymal thickness, and cortical echo-genicity. Renal vascular resistance was estimated by duplex Doppler measurements of intrarenal arterial resistive indices. According to clinical stage, the patients were classified into 3 groups. Resistive indices were compared between controls and patient groups and correlated with age and renal function. Results: in asymptomatic diabetic nephropathy, renal length and parenchymal thickness were significantly increased compared to that of controls, reflecting hyperfiltra-tion-induced nephromegaly. Differences between controls and patients with clinically manifest nephropathy were insignificant; only in advanced renal disease were both values significantly decreased. Cortical hyperechogenicity was noted only in very advanced disease. Resistive indices correlated well with renal function, and pathologic values (i. e. ≥ 0.70) were observed in 15% in the asymptomatic group and in 87% in the group with advanced nephropathy. Conclusion: Renal changes in diabetic patients are detectable by conventional ultrasound only in very advanced stages of the disease. Pathologic resistive indices, however, may be detected in the earlier stages. Resistive indices correlate with serum cre-atinine levels and creatinine clearance rates. However, it remains unclear as to whether a diagnostic or prognostic benefit can be expected as compared to standard laboratory examinations.
Ispaghula (vi-siblin) versus standard preparation for barium enema
Authors: Burchardt A. J. , Carstensen J. M. , Roikjer O. , Burcharth F. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to compare 2 methods of colonic cleansing before double-contrast barium enema. A standard preparation of bisacodyl was compared with a preparation of dietary fibre (ispaghula). Material and Methods: the patients referred for double-contrast barium enema were randomly allocated to one of the colonic cleansing regimens. the effectiveness and patient acceptance of the preparations were evaluated. Results: There was a significantly poorer colon cleanness score in the ispaghula group (p=0.0001). Patient tolerance of the 2 regimens was not significantly different. Conclusion: Ispaghula alone is not sufficient as a cleansing preparation for double-contrast barium enema.
Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon
Authors: Stefánsson T. , Nyman R. , Nilsson S. , Ekbom A. , Påhlman L. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to evaluate the use of laparoscopy, CT, colonic enema (CE), and laboratory tests (white blood cell count (WBC), sedimentation rate (SR), and C-reactive protein (CRP)) in diagnosing diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. Material and Methods: the diagnostic methods were prospectively evaluated in 88 patients, 30 of whom were referred for laparoscopy. Results: Fifty-two patients were found to have sigmoid diverticulitis: 20 patients by laparoscopy, 21 by CT, and 11 by CE combined with one positive laboratory test. Laparoscopy proved to be superior to the other diagnostic methods in diagnosing diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. CT had a high specificity (1.0; 95% CI: 0.92–1.0) but low sensitivity (0.69; 95% CI: 0.56–0.79) in detecting diverticulitis. CE had a higher sensitivity (0.82; 95% CI: 0.71–0.90) but a lower specificity (0.81; 95% CI: 0.67–0.91) than CT. Conclusion: CT was the best method for diagnosing abdominal pathology outside the colon. CT can be recommended as the first examination in seriously ill patients where abscesses and other causes of the symptoms than diverticulitis must first be ruled out. Laparoscopy is probably the most accurate method in diagnosing diverticulitis.
Optimization of ascending phlebography of the leg for screening of deep vein thrombosis in thromboprophylactic trials
Authors: Kälebo P. , Anthmyr B.-A. , Eriksson B. I. , Zachrisson B. E. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: Comparison of 2 phlebographic techniques in achieving adequacy of deep venous filling. Material and Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were examined by 2 different techniques, A according to GREITZ and B according to LEA THOMAS. All deep veins were scored according to a protocol as DVT, normal or inadequate. Venous evaluability and DVT rates were compared. Bilateral phlebograms according to the A-technique from 92 asymptomatic patients in a different trial were reviewed to allow comparison with the symptomatic subjects. Results: the A-technique resulted in a significantly higher degree of overall evalu-able patients compared to the B-technique, 95% vs 47%. A vein-by-vein analysis showed that the A-technique was significantly better than the B-technique in filling the gastrocnemius muscular (82% vs 38%), anterior tibial (85% vs 43%), and deep femoral (28% vs 18%) veins. No significant difference was found in the other veins. the DVT rates were 42% and 40% respectively for the A- and B-techniques. About 94% of the phlebograms in the asymptomatic patients were adequate. Conclusion: the A-technique resulted in better venous opacification and would seem to be a more suitable screening method for asymptomatic persons.
Technical aspects of catheter-related interventions in the liver of the rabbit
Authors: Kónya A. , Wright K. C. , Szwarc I. A. , Collins R. D. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: on the basis of 89 different vascular interventions performed in the livers of 39 rabbits, we attempted to establish the feasibility and technical limitations of these procedures. Material and Methods: Forty-five selective hepatic artery catheterizations were carried out using 0.66-mm and 1.0-mm catheters, including superselective proper hepatic catheterizations (n=14) using a specially designed 0.66-mm introducer/catheter system. the portal system was investigated with both direct (n=5) and indirect (arterial) (n=4) portography. Hepatic vein catheterizations were performed in 22 cases. Results: with the 0.66-mm system, spasm occurred in one of 11 cases in the proper hepatic artery, and no spasm was observed in the common hepatic and celiac arteries. Both arterial portography and hepatic venography were easily performed and were a precise and repeatable method. Conclusion: the 0.66-mm system has proved to be advantageous over the 1.0-mm catheterization in avoiding arterial spasm. Direct portography as well as catheterization of the hepatic vein from a jugular approach are hazardous, leading to serious complications including the death of the animal.
A new catheter type for superselective angiography and embolization
Authors: Hoogewoud H.-M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose and Material: A new family of catheters was developed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional catheters and to avoid the use of coaxial catheters in superselective angiography and embolization. the new catheter is nylon, 1.67 mm (JF) long, and has a rigid proximal part (to ensure torque control and pushability) and a long 2-step flexible tip (to follow arterial tortuosities). It has a hydrophilic coating, and a long-lasting shape memory. This new catheter type was compared experimentally with conventional catheters. Results: Clear advantages were found with the new catheters in pushability and trackability as they, more often than conventional catheters, permitted us to reach the periphery of an artery. Departmental experience with the new catheters currently amounts to over 500 arterial procedures. Conclusion: the new catheters could frequently replace coaxial catheters, which would contribute towards reducing the costs of intravascular procedures.
Frequency of unexpected multifocal metastasis in patients with acute spinal cord compression
Authors: Heldmann U. , Myschetzky P. S. , Thomsen H. S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the aim of the study was to estimate, in an acute care service, the frequency of multiple-level lesion involvement in patients with clinically suspected spinal cord compression or spinal blockage. Material and Methods: Over a period of 17 months, 240 patients with symptoms of acute spinal cord compression underwent acute MR examination of the spine in a 0.1 T MR unit. the cervical spine was only added to the examination if there was clinical suspicion of cord compression above Thl. Results: in 65 (27%) of the 240 patients, involvement of at least one level was found. of these patients, 32 (49%) showed involvement of more than one level. This high rate was surprising, since only 14 (44%) of the 32 multiple lesions had been clinically suspected. There was no correlation to age or original type of cancer. Conclusion: MR accurately demonstrates the anatomy of the spine and spinal cord, showing the level and complexity of spinal lesions. Multiple lesions may be underestimated when the combination of myelography/radiculography and CT is used.
CT with the hepatocyte-specific contrast medium fp 736-04 in an experimental model of liver steatosis
Authors: Bergman A. , Sundin A. , Karpe F. , Magnusson A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to investigate whether liver uptake of the iodinated hepatocyte-specific lipid emulsion FP 736-04 is altered by fatty infiltration of the liver. Material and Methods: Fatty infiltration of the liver was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats by an intraperitoneal injection of L-ethionine preceded by 15 h of food withdrawal. CT of the liver was performed before and 24 h after the administration of L-ethionine and, in addition at the latter time point, after an i.v. injection of 1.0 ml/kg b.w. of FP 736-04. A control group was subjected to the same CT examination protocol. Results: Intraperitoneal administration of L-ethionine caused liver steatosis, as established by liver triglyceride analysis, leading to a significant decrease in the liver attenuation, from 69.2±2.4 to 27.8±12.0 HU. the uptake of FP 736-04 by the fatty liver was significantly reduced, yielding a maximum enhancement of 22.3±7.9 HU as compared to a value of 32.3±5.0 HU in the control group. Conclusion: Enhancement by FP 736-04 was reduced in the steatotic liver compared with the normal liver. It remains to be established whether this degree of enhancement is sufficient for reliable lesion detection.
Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy in liver tumors
Authors: Matsukawa T. , Yamashita Y. , Arakawa A. , Nishiharu T. , Urata J. , Murakami R. , Takahashi M. , Yoshimatsu S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) is an interventional alternative for inoperable malignant liver tumors. in this paper, we report the results of our 3-year experience of PMCT in order to establish suitable indications for this treatment. Material and Methods: We studied a total of 27 inoperable liver tumors in 24 patients. Histology of the tumors showed 20 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) (13 well differentiated, 4 moderately differentiated, and 3 poorly differentiated) and 7 metastases. These tumors were treated by PMCT and were followed for 4–40 months (average 18 months). Under US guidance, the tumors were coagulated by microwaves emitted from an electrode. the changes of tumor size after PMCT were evaluated by CT. When the tumors disappeared or were reduced in size after treatment, PMCT was regarded as effective. Complications from PMCT were also evaluated. the patient survival rate was obtained by means of the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: in tumors of 30 mm or less, treatment response was obtained in 70% of cases, while 55% of tumors larger than 30 mm responded. the tumor became smaller or disappeared in 85% of the well differentiated HCCs, and in 25% of the moderately differentiated HCCs, but none of the poorly differentiated HCCs responded. in metastatic tumors, PMCT was effective in 57% of cases, Slight pain (24%), fever (20%) and subcutaneous hematoma (8%) were experienced immediately after PMCT. in 2 poorly differentiated HCCs, needle tract seeding was observed. No case of liver dysfunction was seen after PMCT. the overall survival rate was 83.1% at 1 year and 68.7% at 2 years. Conclusion: Good therapeutic results were achieved with PMCT in lesions of 30 mm or less, and in well differentiated HCCs.
Rim enhancement in colorectal metastases at CT during infusion hepatic arteriography
Authors: Irie T. , Tsushima Y. , Terahata S. , Hatsuse K. , Kusano S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to evaluate the morphologic substrate of the rim enhancement of colorec-tal metastases seen at CT during infusion hepatic arteriography (CTIHA). Material and Methods: Eleven sector defects in the enhancing rim of 9 metastases at CTIHA were analyzed. the corresponding pathologic specimens were investigated for sector defects of liver parenchyma. We investigated whether there was a correlation between the central angle of the sector defects of rim enhancement at CTIHA and that of sector defects in the zone of liver parenchyma in histologic slices. the inner and outer diameters of the enhancing rim were also compared with the diameter of the metastases as seen at CT during arterial portography (CTAP). Results: There was a significant correlation between the central angle of sector defects of rim enhancement at CTIHA and the angle of sector defects in the zone of liver parenchyma in histologic slices (p=0.008, Spearman's test). the diameter of the metastases measured at CTAP was larger than the inner diameter and smaller than the outer diameter of the enhancing rim in CTIHA, i.e. the margins of the nodules as seen in CTAP are located in liver parenchyma and not in tumor tissue. Conclusion: the morphologic substrate of the rim enhancement of colorectal metastases seen at CTIHA is liver parenchyma.
Yield and complications in percutaneous renal biopsy
Authors: Nyman R. S. , Cappelen-Smith J. , Al Suhaibani H. , Alfurayh O. , Shakweer W. , Akhtar M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to compare the yield and complications of ultrasound-guided gun-biopsy and manual Tru-Cut techniques in percutaneous renal biopsy. Material and Methods: A total of 448 biopies were reviewed. They comprised 124 manual and 131 gun-biopsies in native kidneys, and 111 manual and 82 gun-biopsies in transplant kidneys. the gun-biopsies were performed under real-time ultrasound (US) guidance. the manual technique used US mainly for marking the position of the kidney. Results: There was a significantly higher diagnostic yield and fewer complications in the gun-biopsy group. A total of 8 major complications were found, all in the manual group. Conclusion: Provided that the operator is experienced in US scanning, a switch from the manual technique to real-time US-guided gun-biopsy will result in the improvement of diagnostic accuracy together with a reduced risk of complications.
Effect of ultrasound contrast medium in color doppler and power doppler visualization of blood flow in canine kidneys
Authors: Abildgaard A. , Kløw N.-E. , Jakobsen J. Å. , Egge T. S. , Eriksen M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to examine the effect of an ultrasound contrast medium (UCM) in the visualization of parenchymal blood flow by means of color Doppler and power Doppler sonography. Material and Methods: Nonenhanced and UCM-enhanced Doppler images of canine kidneys were obtained in a transversal plane during various states of flow reduction in the anterior branch of the renal artery. the UCM consisted of air-filled shell-stabilized microballoons (half-life approximately 2 min). the images were evaluated blindly by 4 observers who rated the amount of flow signal in the cortex and medulla, and categorized the flow state (normal, reduced or no flow) in the anterior part of the kidney. Results: the UCM increased the area of Doppler signals in the cortex and outer medulla during normal or reduced blood flow. the border between nonperfused and normally perfused parenchyma was more distinct with the UCM. the categorization of the regional flow state was more correct with the UCM. Improvement with the UCM was greatest when the nonenhanced Doppler images had suboptimal intensity, but positive effects with the UCM were also seen in recordings with adequate precontrast intensity. Color blooming artifacts sometimes occurred on the side of the kidney facing away from the transducer. Conclusion: the UCM improved the color Doppler and power Doppler visualization of the parenchymal blood flow in the canine kidney, and allowed a more correct categorization to be made of the regional blood flow state.
Percutaneous nephrostomy with real-time sonographic guidance
Authors: Gupta S. , Gulati M. , Shankar K. Uday , Rungta U. , Suri S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is an effective method for achieving temporary drainage of the obstructed urinary system and is usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance alone or more commonly under combined sonographic and fluoroscopic guidance. We undertook a retrospective analysis of 273 PCNs performed solely under ultrasound (US) guidance with the aim of evaluating the technique and the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Material and Methods: A total of 273 PCN procedures in 267 patients were performed under real-time US guidance using the Seldinger technique. the indications for PCNs comprised benign (n=215) and malignant (n=46) urinary obstruction, and urinary fistulae (n=6). Results: PCN was successful in 269 of the 273 attempts (98.5%). Satisfactory catheter placement was achieved in 245 of the 269 procedures (91.1%) under US guidance. Fluoroscopic assistance for catheter repositioning was required in 24 PCNs owing to the unsatisfactory position of the catheter tip. Major complications occurred in 15 patients (5.6%). Catheter dislodgement and catheter blockage was seen in respectively 12.6% and 3.3% of procedures. Conclusion: in most patients, PCN can be performed safely using real-time sonographic guidance.
The origin of the word stent
Authors: Hedin M. 
Published: January 2010

In 1856, the English dentist Charles Stent developed a thermoplastic-like material for taking impressions of toothless mouths. This “Stent mass” was later used as a device or mould for keeping a skin graft in place; it was also used to provide support for anastomosis. A hundred years after the inventor's death in 1885, the word stent has been adopted all over the world in interventional radiology but today it is understood to mean percutaneous tubular structures that induce or maintain lumen patency The true origin of the word stent is not found in many dictionaries. in most references, the wrong dentist is given credit for the discovery. Dictionaries also refer to the obsolete English and Scottish words stent and stint which mean, among other things, “to extend”. the true origin of the word is therefore somewhat unclear