bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of polycystic ovarian syndrome with human leukocyte antigen polymorphism in Korean women
Authors: KIM JIN JU , HWANG KYU RI , SHIN SUE , YOON JONG HYUN , KIM BYOUNG JAE , CHOI YOUNG MIN , ROH EUN YOUN 
Published: July 2011

Kim JJ, Hwang KR, Shin S, Yoon JH, Kim BJ, Choi YM, Roh EY. Association of polycystic ovarian syndrome with human leukocyte antigen polymorphism in Korean women. APMIS 2011.Although several studies have demonstrated the genetic contribution to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the cause of this syndrome remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) systems and PCOS in Koreans. We compared the HLA‐A, B and DRB1 genotype distribution of 52 PCOS patients and 67 healthy Korean women. In addition, we investigated the association of HLA with free‐testosterone level. HLA‐A*11, A*31 and B*54 showed increased phenotype frequencies (PFs) in PCOS women compared to controls (p = 0.032, OR 2.79; p = 0.019, OR 6.05; p = 0.002, OR 6.40). HLA‐DRB1*15 showed negative correlations with the free‐testosterone concentration both in total subjects and PCOS patients (p = 0.024 and p = 0.008). The results of the study suggest mild associations of HLA alleles with pathophysiology of PCOS and/or testosterone production in PCOS. Further investigation in a large number of subjects, including subdivision and multi‐population studies, will need to be conducted to prove the consistent or variable association in PCOS.
One‐year clinical and radiographic assessment of fluoride‐enhanced implants on immediate non‐functional loading in posterior maxilla and mandible: a pilot prospective clinical series study
Authors: Rismanchian Mansoor , Fazel Akbar , Rakhshan Vahid , Eblaghian Gelareh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective: The functional, esthetic, and psychological problems of 3–6 months of edentulousness and also discomfort of two‐stage surgery might cause many patients to avoid implant‐supported restorations. Therefore, the immediate non‐functional loading protocol might be of value.Methods: Twenty Astra Tech implants, 11–13 mm in length and 3.5–4 mm in diameter, were placed in maxillary and mandibular posterior sites of 10 healthy patients (two for each) with adequate alveolar bone. Temporary prostheses were relieved of all centric and eccentric contacts. Functional permanent prostheses were fabricated 13 weeks postoperatively. Clinical and radiographic examinations (including the implant stability quotient [ISQ]) were carried out immediately after implantation and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.Results: A 100% success rate was observed within 1 year. The plaque and bleeding indices, and pocket‐probing depths did not show a significant change throughout the study. The ISQ values after implant insertion, and 3, 6, and 12 months later were respectively 76.6 ± 6.57, 77.6 ± 10.54, 81.8 ± 6.8, and 82.43 ± 3.7. The increase was statistically significant (P=0.004) according to the Freidman test. The ISQ values measured after the implant insertion were significantly different from those measured in the sixth and 12th postoperative months (P<0.008) according to the Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test. The mean crestal alveolar bone resorption values in the third, sixth, and 12th postoperative months were 0.4 ± 0.55, 0.48 ± 0.37, and 0.48 ± 0.21 mm, respectively; and the change in marginal alveolar bone loss was not significant according to the Freidman test.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this pilot study, non‐functional immediate loading might meet the expectations of both the patients and clinicians.To cite this article:
Rismanchian M, Fazel A, Rakhshan V, Eblaghian G. One‐year clinical and radiographic assessment of fluoride‐enhanced implants on immediate non‐functional loading in posterior maxilla and mandible: a pilot prospective clinical series study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000–000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02134.x
Natural and Unnatural Disasters: Responding with Respect for Indigenous Rights and Knowledges
Authors: HOWITT RICHARD , HAVNEN OLGA , VELAND SIRI 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA key challenge for contemporary democratic societies is how to respond to disasters in ways that foster just and sustainable outcomes that build resilience, respect human rights, and foster economic, social, and cultural well‐being in reasonable timeframes and at reasonable costs. In many places experiencing rapid environmental change, indigenous people continue to exercise some level of self‐governance and autonomy, but they also face the burden of rapid social change and hostile or ambiguous policy settings. Drawing largely on experience in northern Australia, this paper argues that state policies can compound and contribute to vulnerability of indigenous groups to both natural and policy‐driven disasters in many places. State‐sponsored programmes that fail to respect indigenous rights and fail to acknowledge the relevance of indigenous knowledge to both social and environmental recovery entrench patterns of racialised disadvantage and marginalisation and set in train future vulnerabilities and disasters. The paper advocates an approach to risk assessment, preparation, and recovery that prioritises partnerships based on recognition, respect, and explicit commitment to justice. The alternatives are to continue prioritising short‐term expediencies and opportunistic pursuit of integration, or subverting indigenous rights and the knowledge systems that underpin them. This paper argues such alternatives are not only unethical, but also ineffective.
Anticipating Happiness in a Future Negotiation: Anticipated Happiness, Propensity to Initiate a Negotiation, and Individual Outcomes
Authors: Kong Dejun Tony , Tuncel Ece , McLean Parks Judi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe examined the role of anticipated happiness in negotiation settings. Anticipated happiness is the happiness that individuals expect to experience in the future if certain events do or do not occur. In two studies, we tested the argument that anticipated happiness initiates an approach goal, leading individuals to promote economic interests. Study 1 revealed that anticipated happiness was positively related to the propensity to initiate a negotiation, mediated by an approach goal. In Study 2, we found that anticipated happiness about reaching the target value increased the individual negotiation outcome, mediated by actual target value. Our studies provide insight into how anticipated happiness influences motivation, behavior, and ultimately individual outcomes in negotiations.
The microsporidian parasite Vavraia culicis as a potential late life–acting control agent of malaria
Authors: Lorenz Lena M. , Koella Jacob C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMicrosporidian parasites are being considered as alternatives to conventional insecticides for malaria control. They should reduce malaria transmission by shortening the lifespan of female mosquitoes and thus killing them before they transmit malaria. As the parasite replicates throughout the mosquito’s life, it should have little detrimental effects on young mosquitoes, thus putting less selection pressure on the hosts to evolve resistance. Here, we examined these expectations for the microsporidian Vavraia culicis on Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto mosquitoes under varying environmental conditions. Infection by the microsporidian delayed pupation by 10%, decreased fecundity by 23% and reduced adult lifespan by 27%, with higher infectious doses causing greater effects. The decrease of lifespan was mostly because of an increase of the mortality rate with age. Similarly, the parasite’s effect on mosquito fecundity increased with the mosquitoes’ age. Neither infection nor food availability affected juvenile survival. Thus, as V. culicis reduced the longevity of A. gambiae (s.s.), yet affected mortality and fecundity of the young mosquitoes only slightly, the microsporidian is a promising alternative to insecticides for effective malaria control that will impose little evolutionary pressure for resistance.
Low‐Dose Cyclophosphamide Selectively Decreases Regulatory T Cells and Inhibits Angiogenesis in Dogs with Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Burton J.H. , Mitchell L. , Thamm D.H. , Dow S.W. , Biller B.J. 
Published: July 2011

Background: Low‐dose, continuous (metronomic) chemotherapy improves tumor control by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and suppressing regulatory T cells (Treg) in mice and humans. The effects of metronomic chemotherapy on Treg and tumor angiogenesis in dogs has not been investigated previously.Objective: To determine whether metronomic cyclophosphamide (CYC) therapy decreases Treg or exhibits antiangiogenic activity or both in dogs with soft tissue sarcoma (STS). We hypothesized that Treg numbers would be increased in dogs with STS and that continuous dosing of CYC would decrease Treg in a dose‐dependent manner, as well as exhibit antiangiogenic activity.Animals: Eleven client‐owned dogs with grade I or II STS. Twenty‐one healthy dogs were used as controls.Methods: Prospective, open, clinical trial. Dogs with STS were enrolled in 2 dose cohorts and administered CYC at 12.5 or 15 mg/m2 PO once daily for 28 days. Whole blood and tumor biopsy specimens were obtained on days 0, 14, and 28 to assess changes in T lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and tumor microvessel density (MVD), respectively.Results: Administration of CYC at 12.5 mg/m2/d significantly decreased the number of Treg from days 0 to 28, but there was no change in the percentage of Treg or tumor MVD. In dogs that received CYC at 15.0 mg/m2/d, both the number and percent of Treg as well as tumor MVD were significantly decreased over 28 days.Conclusions: CYC administered at 15 mg/m2/d should be used in further studies examining the antitumor properties of low‐dose CYC in dogs.
Reduced Degranulation of NK Cells in Patients with Frequently Recurring Herpes
Authors: Murugin Vladimir V. , Zuikova Irina N. , Murugina Nina E. , Shulzhenko Andrey E. , Pinegin Boris V. , Pashenkov Mikhail V. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTNK cells lyse virus-infected cells by degranulation; however, alterations in NK cell degranulation in persistent viral infections have not been directly studied. Earlier reports have documented a decrease in NK activity in patients with frequently recurring herpes (FRH). We corroborate these findings by showing that the degranulation responses of blood NK cells from patients with FRH, both during relapse and during remission, are significantly lower than those in healthy donors. The impaired degranulation was probably not caused by defective target cell recognition, since it was observed upon stimulation both with K562 cells and with a receptor-independent stimulus (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin). We also show that the intracellular expression of perforin and CD107a by NK cells from patients with FRH is not different from that in healthy donors, thus excluding that the low NK cell degranulation in FRH is caused by a smaller size of the lytic granule compartment. We confirm previous reports on lowered NK activity in FRH patients and show that NK activity is significantly impaired only during remission, but not relapse; the causes for the discrepancy between the low degranulation and “normal” NK cell activity during relapse are discussed. In all, these data point at the deficit of NK cell degranulation in FRH. Whether this is a predisposing factor or a consequence of herpes simplex virus infection requires further investigation.
Antibodies to Lytic Infection Proteins in Lymphocryptovirus-Infected Rhesus Macaques: a Model for Humoral Immune Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Orlova Nina , Fogg Mark H. , Carville Angela , Wang Fred 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTHumoral immune responses to rhesus lymphocryptovirus (rhLCV) lytic infection proteins were evaluated in the rhesus macaque animal model for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We found a hierarchy of humoral responses to 14 rhLCV lytic infection proteins in naturally infected rhesus macaques, with (i) widespread and robust responses to four glycoproteins expressed as late proteins, (ii) frequent but less robust responses to a subset of early proteins, and (iii) low-level responses to immediate-early proteins. This hierarchy of humoral responses was similar to that reported for EBV-infected humans, with the notable exception of the response to rhBARF1. Serum antibodies to rhBARF1 were frequently detected in healthy rhLCV-infected macaques, but in humans, anti-BARF1 antibodies have been reported primarily in patients with EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The macaque data accurately predicted that serum antibodies against BARF1 are a normal response to EBV infection when human serum samples are analyzed. The rhesus macaque animal provides a unique perspective on humoral responses to EBV infection in humans and can be a valuable model for EBV vaccine development.
Acute Hepatitis as a Manifestation of Parvovirus B19 Infection
Authors: Hatakka Aleisha , Klein Julianne , He Runtao , Piper Jessica , Tam Edward , Walkty Andrew 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
There are few reports in the literature of hepatitis as a manifestation of parvovirus B19 infection. We describe a case of parvovirus B19-associated acute hepatitis diagnosed based on a positive serologic test (IgM) and molecular detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in a liver biopsy specimen. Parvovirus B19 infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute hepatitis.
Helicobacter pylori
homB
, but Not
cagA
, Is Associated with Gastric Cancer in Iran
Authors: Talebi Bezmin Abadi Amin , Rafiei Alireza , Ajami Abolghasem , Hosseini Vahid , Taghvaei Tarang , Jones Kathleen R. , Merrell D. Scott 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

While several distinct virulence factors of
Helicobacter pylori
have been shown to be associated with different clinical outcomes, there is still much to learn about the role of different bacterial factors in gastric carcinogenesis. This study looked at the distribution of the
cagA
,
homA
, and
homB
genes in strains isolated from patients suffering from gastroduodenal diseases in Iran and assessed if there was any association between disease state and the presence of the aforementioned virulence factors. Genomic DNA from 138
H. pylori
strains was isolated and genotyped via PCR. Strains were obtained from dyspeptic patients (35 from gastritis patients, 62 from peptic ulcer patients, and 41 from gastric cancer patients) at the Teaching Touba Clinic and Imam Hospital of the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in Sari, Iran. The overall prevalence rates of
cagA
,
homA
, and
homB
were 58%, 54%, and 43%, respectively. Stratification of patients showed a significant difference in the prevalence of
H. pylori
virulence genes across the disease states. The frequency of
homB
was statistically significantly higher in gastric cancer patients (78%) than in patients suffering from peptic ulcers (20%) or gastritis (43%) (
P
< 0.0001). The presence of
homB
was also associated with the presence of
cagA
(
r
= 0.243). These data suggest that in this population the presence of
homB
may be a predictor of more virulent strains of
H. pylori
and influence the severity of disease manifestation.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Has Extensive Oncolytic Activity against Human Sarcomas: Rare Resistance Is Overcome by Blocking Interferon Pathways
Authors: Paglino Justin C. , van den Pol Anthony N. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Oncolytic viruses have been tested against many carcinomas of ectodermal and endodermal origin; however, sarcomas, arising from mesoderm, have received relatively little attention. Using 13 human sarcomas representing seven tumor types, we assessed the efficiency of infection, cytolysis, and replication of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and its oncolytically enhanced mutant VSV-rp30a. Both viruses efficiently infected and killed 12 of 13 sarcomas. VSV-rp30a showed a faster rate of infection and replication.
In vitro
and
in vivo
, VSV was selective for sarcomas compared with normal mesoderm. A single intravenous injection of VSV-rp30a selectively infected all subcutaneous human sarcomas tested in mice and arrested the growth of tumors that otherwise grew 11-fold. In contrast to other sarcomas, synovial sarcoma SW982 demonstrated remarkable resistance, even to high titers of virus (multiplicity of infection [MOI] of 100). We found no dysfunction in VSV binding or internalization. SW982 also resisted infection by human cytomegalovirus and Sindbis virus, suggesting a virus resistance mechanism based on an altered antiviral state. Quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)-PCR analysis revealed a heightened basal expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Pretreatment, but not cotreatment, with interferon attenuators valproate, Jak1 inhibitor, or vaccinia virus B18R protein rendered SW982 highly susceptible, and this correlated with downregulation of ISG expression. Jak1 inhibitor pretreatment also enhanced susceptibility in moderately VSV-resistant liposarcoma and bladder carcinoma. Overall, we find that the potential efficacy of VSV as an oncolytic agent extends to nonhematologic mesodermal tumors and that unusually strong resistance to VSV oncolysis can be overcome with interferon attenuators.
RNA Binding by a Novel Helical Fold of B2 Protein from Wuhan Nodavirus Mediates the Suppression of RNA Interference and Promotes B2 Dimerization
Authors: Qi Nan , Cai Dawei , Qiu Yang , Xie Jiazheng , Wang Zhaowei , Si Jie , Zhang Jiamin , Zhou Xi , Hu Yuanyang 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Wuhan nodavirus (WhNV) is a newly identified member of the
Nodaviridae
family with a bipartite genome of positive-sense RNAs. A nonstructural protein encoded by subgenomic RNA3 of nodaviruses, B2, serves as a potent RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) by sequestering RNA duplexes. We have previously demonstrated that WhNV B2 blocks RNA silencing in cultured
Drosophila
cells. However, the molecular mechanism by which WhNV B2 functions remains unknown. Here, we successfully established an RNA silencing system in cells derived from
Pieris rapae
, a natural host of WhNV, by introducing into these cells double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-expressing plasmids or chemically synthesized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Using this system, we revealed that the WhNV B2 protein inhibited Dicer-mediated dsRNA cleavage and the incorporation of siRNA into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) by sequestering dsRNA and siRNA. Based on the modeled B2 3-dimensional structure, serial single alanine replacement mutations and N-terminal deletion analyses showed that the RNA-binding domain of B2 is formed by its helices α2 and α3, while helix α1 mediates B2 dimerization. Furthermore, positive feedback between RNA binding and B2 dimerization was uncovered by gel shift assay and far-Western blotting, revealing that B2 dimerization is required for its binding to RNA, whereas RNA binding to B2 in turn promotes its dimerization. All together, our findings uncovered a novel RNA-binding mode of WhNV B2 and provided evidence that the promotion effect of RNA binding on dimerization exists in a viral RSS protein.
Epitopes Immediately below the Base of the V3 Loop of gp120 as Targets for the Initial Autologous Neutralizing Antibody Response in Two HIV-1 Subtype B-Infected Individuals
Authors: Tang Haili , Robinson James E. , Gnanakaran S. , Li Ming , Rosenberg Eric S. , Perez Lautaro G. , Haynes Barton F. , Liao Hua-Xin , LaBranche Celia C. , Korber Bette T. , Montefiori David C. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTEpitopes that drive the initial autologous neutralizing antibody response in HIV-1-infected individuals could provide insights for vaccine design. Although highly strain specific, these epitopes are immunogenic, vulnerable to antibody attack on infectious virus, and could be involved in the ontogeny of broadly neutralizing antibody responses. To delineate such epitopes, we used site-directed mutagenesis, autologous plasma samples, and autologous monoclonal antibodies to map the amino acid changes that led to escape from the initial autologous neutralizing antibody response in two HIV-1 subtype B-infected individuals. Additional mapping of the epitopes was accomplished by using alanine scanning mutagenesis. Escape in the two individuals occurred by different pathways, but the responses in both cases appeared to be directed against the same region of gp120. In total, three amino acid positions were identified that were independently associated with autologous neutralization. Positions 295 and 332 are located immediately before and after the N- and C-terminal cysteines of the V3 loop, respectively, the latter of which affected an N-linked glycan that was critical to the neutralization epitope. Position 415 affected an N-linked glycan at position 413 in the C terminus of V4 that might mask epitopes near the base of V3. All three sites lie in close proximity on a four-stranded antiparallel sheet on the outer domain of gp120. We conclude that a region just below the base of the V3 loop, near the coreceptor binding domain of gp120, can be a target for autologous neutralization.
Productive Dengue Virus Infection of Human Endothelial Cells Is Directed by Heparan Sulfate-Containing Proteoglycan Receptors
Authors: Dalrymple Nadine , Mackow Erich R. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTDengue virus causes leakage of the vascular endothelium, resulting in dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The endothelial cell lining of the vasculature regulates capillary permeability and is altered by immune and chemokine responses which affect fluid barrier functions of the endothelium. Our findings indicate that human endothelial cells are highly susceptible to infection by dengue virus (type 4). We found that dengue virus productively infects ∼80% of primary human endothelial cells, resulting in the rapid release of ∼105virions 1 day postinfection. Analysis of potential inhibitors of dengue virus entry demonstrated that antibodies and ligands to integrins and cellular receptors were unable to inhibit dengue virus infection of endothelial cells. In contrast, pretreating cells with heparin or heparan sulfate resulted in a 60 to 80% reduction in dengue virus-infected cells, and pretreatment of endothelial cells with heparinase III or protease reduced dengue infectivity by >80%. Dengue virus bound specifically to resin immobilized heparin, and binding was competitively inhibited by excess heparin but not other ligands. Collectively, these findings suggest that dengue virus specifically attaches to heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycan receptors on endothelial cells. Following attachment to human endothelial cell receptors, dengue virus causes a highly productive infection that has the potential to increase viral dissemination and viremia. This provides the potential for dengue virus-infected endothelial cells to directly alter barrier functions of the endothelium, contribute to enhancement of immune cell activation, and serve as potential targets of immune responses which play a central role in dengue pathogenesis.