bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Medizininformatik-Initiative im Überblick – Aufbau einer Gesundheitsforschungsdateninfrastruktur in Deutschland
Authors: Semler Sebastian C. , Boeker Martin , Eils Roland , Krefting Dagmar , Loeffler Markus , Bussmann Jens , Wissing Frank , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) 2016–2027 geförderte Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII) schafft erfolgreich Grundlagen für die datenbasierte Medizin in Deutschland. Zur Stärkung der Lehre, Aus- und Fortbildung im Bereich der Medizininformatik und zur Kompetenzverbesserung in den medizinischen Datenwissenschaften wurden im Rahmen dieser Förderung 51 neue Professuren, 21 wissenschaftliche Nachwuchsgruppen und verschiedene neue Studiengänge eingerichtet. Eine die gesamte Universitätsmedizin und ihre Partner umfassende gemeinsame dezentral föderierte Forschungsdateninfrastruktur wurde in Gestalt der Datenintegrationszentren (DIZ) an allen Standorten und dem Deutschen Forschungsdatenportal für Gesundheit (FDPG) als zentralem Zugangspunkt geschaffen. Für die Sekundärnutzung von Behandlungsdaten wurde ein modularer Kerndatensatz (KDS) definiert und unter konsequenter Nutzung internationaler Standards (z. B. FHIR, SNOMED CT, LOINC) implementiert. Als Rechtsgrundlage wurde eine behördlich genehmigte bundesweite breite Einwilligung (Broad Consent) eingeführt. Erste Datenausleitungen und Datennutzungsprojekte sind durchgeführt worden, eingebettet in eine übergeordnete Nutzungsordnung und standardisierte vertragliche Regelungen. Die Weiterentwicklung der MII-Gesundheitsforschungsdateninfrastrukturen im kooperativen Rahmen des Netzwerks Universitätsmedizin (NUM) bietet einen hervorragenden Ausgangspunkt für einen deutschen Beitrag zum kommenden Europäischen Gesundheitsdatenraum (EHDS), der Chancen für den Medizinforschungsstandort Deutschland eröffnet.
Eine retrospektive Identifikation von Schwerverletzten mittels ICD-10-Diagnosen
Authors: Neubert Anne , Hempe Sebastian , Gontscharuk Veronika , Jaekel Carina , Windolf Joachim , Kollig Erwin , Gäth Catharina ,   LeAf Trauma Study Group, Bieler Dan 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch eine stetige Verbesserung in der Behandlung überleben immer mehr Schwer- und Schwerstverletzte. Die Komplexität der Verletzungsmuster dieser Patient*innen bedingt, dass diese nur schwer in Routinedaten abbildbar sind.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel der Auswertung war es, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10)-Diagnosen, welche eine Assoziation mit einem Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 aufweisen und somit zur Operationalisierung von Schwerverletzten in Routinedaten genutzt werden könnten, zu identifizieren.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden die kodierten vierstelligen ICD-10-S-Diagnosen und der errechnete ISS von Traumapatienten des Bundeswehrzentralkrankenhauses Koblenz (BwZKrhs) und des Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf (UKD) mittels statistischer Assoziationsmaße (Phi und Cramers V), linearer Regressionen sowie Methoden des Machine Learning (wie beispielsweise Random Forrest) analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten S‑Diagnosen zu Gesichts‑, Kopf‑, Thorax- und Beckenverletzungen, die mit einem ISS ≥ 16 assoziiert waren, identifiziert werden. Manche S‑Diagnosen zeigten nur in einem der beiden Datensätze eine Assoziation mit einem ISS ≥ 16. Ebenso fanden sich assoziierte Gesichts‑, Kopf‑, Thorax- und Beckenverletzungen in der Subgruppenanalyse der 18- bis 55-Jährigen.

Diskussion
Die aktuellen Auswertungen zeigen, dass es möglich ist, ICD-10-S-Diagnosen, welche eine signifikante Assoziation zu einem ISS ≥ 16 aufweisen, zu identifizieren. Gemäß dem Jahresbericht des TR-DGU® sind insbesondere in den Regionen Kopf und Thorax häufig Verletzungen mit einem Abbreviated Injury Scale Wert von ≥ 3 (AIS ≥ 3) zu finden.

Graphic abstract
Unconditional cash transfer programs and women’s empowerment: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Heaton Chris , Kashif Asma , Mukhopadhaya Pundarik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explores the impact of unconditional cash transfers on the multiple dimensions of women’s empowerment in Pakistan. Emphasizing the importance of cultural and religious norms, empowerment is considered as a latent construct manifested through three distinct choice dimensions, viz., “self,” “familial,” and “economic.” For the empirical estimation, a structural equation model is used on the country-representative Impact Evaluation Survey data of 2015–16 for the Benazir Income Support Program. The measurement model identifies various indicators for the dimensions considered. The results confirm the importance of providing cash transfers to the country's poorest women in all three dimensions, while the impact on self-choices is almost 40% that of the impact on the other two aspects of empowerment. Our findings provide recommendations for the successful implementation of social assistance programs.
Resolving spatial response heterogeneity in glioblastoma
Authors: Ziegenfeuter Julian , Delbridge Claire , Bernhardt Denise , Gempt Jens , Schmidt-Graf Friederike , Hedderich Dennis , Griessmair Michael , Thomas Marie , Meyer Hanno S , Zimmer Claus , Meyer Bernhard , Combs Stephanie E , Yakushev Igor , Metz Marie-Christin , Wiestler Benedikt 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Spatial intratumoral heterogeneity poses a significant challenge for accurate response assessment in glioblastoma. Multimodal imaging coupled with advanced image analysis has the potential to unravel this response heterogeneity.

Methods
Based on automated tumor segmentation and longitudinal registration with follow-up imaging, we categorized contrast-enhancing voxels of 61 patients with suspected recurrence of glioblastoma into either true tumor progression (TP) or pseudoprogression (PsP). To allow the unbiased analysis of semantically related image regions, adjacent voxels with similar values of cerebral blood volume (CBV), FET-PET, and contrast-enhanced T1w were automatically grouped into supervoxels. We then extracted first-order statistics as well as texture features from each supervoxel. With these features, a Random Forest classifier was trained and validated employing a 10-fold cross-validation scheme. For model evaluation, the area under the receiver operating curve, as well as classification performance metrics were calculated.

Results
Our image analysis pipeline enabled reliable spatial assessment of tumor response. The predictive model reached an accuracy of 80.0% and a macro-weighted AUC of 0.875, which takes class imbalance into account, in the hold-out samples from cross-validation on supervoxel level. Analysis of feature importances confirmed the significant role of FET-PET-derived features. Accordingly, TP- and PsP-labeled supervoxels differed significantly in their 10th and 90th percentile, as well as the median of tumor-to-background normalized FET-PET. However, CBV- and T1c-related features also relevantly contributed to the model’s performance.

Conclusion
Disentangling the intratumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma holds immense promise for advancing precise local response evaluation and thereby also informing more personalized and localized treatment strategies in the future.
Biparametric versus multiparametric MRI for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in a diverse, multiethnic population
Authors: Abramson Max , DeMasi Matthew , Zhu Denzel , Hines Laena , Lin Wilson , Kanmaniraja Devaraju , Chernyak Victoria , Agalliu Ilir , Watts Kara L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is not yet satisfactory performance data comparing multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) versus biparametric MRI (bpMRI) for detecting prostate cancer (PCa), particularly in high-risk populations. We compared both protocols for detecting overall PCa and clinically significant PCa (CS-PCa; defined as Grade Group ≥ 2) in a multiethnic urban population.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical record data from men who underwent image-guided fusion prostate biopsy (FB) between 2016 and 2021 at our institution. Patient characteristics, Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores, and FB outcomes were analyzed based on MRI protocol. Multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine associations of bpMRI versus mpMRI for detecting overall PCa and CS-PCa in targeted lesions, among all patients and stratified by race/ethnicity.

Results
Overall, 566 men (44.0% Non-Hispanic Black [NHB]; 27.0% Hispanic) with 975 PI-RADS 3–5 lesions on MRI underwent FB. Of these, 312 (55%) men with 497 lesions underwent mpMRI and 254 (45%) men with 478 lesions underwent bpMRI. On multivariate analyses among all men, the odds of detecting overall PCa (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05–3.11, p = 0.031) and CS-PCa (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.16–4.00, p = 0.014) on FB were higher for lesions identified on bpMRI than mpMRI. When stratified by race/ethnicity, the odds of detecting overall PCa (OR = 1.86; p = 0.15) and CS-PCa (OR = 2.20; p = 0.06) were not statistically different between lesions detected on bpMRI or mpMRI.

Conclusion
BpMRI has similar diagnostic performance to mpMRI in detecting overall and CS-PCa within a racially/ethnically diverse population. BpMRI can be utilized for evaluating suspected CS-PCa among NHB and Hispanic men.
Bosea rubneri sp. nov. Isolated from Organically Grown Allium cepa
Authors: Stoll Dominic A. , Grimmler Christina , Hetzer Birgit , Masoura Alexandra , Kulling Sabine E. , Huch Melanie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStrain ZW T0_25T was isolated from an onion sample (Allium cepa var. Hytech F1) within a storage trial and proofed to be a novel, aerobic, Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and of the whole draft genome sequences, i.e., digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and Average Amino Acid Identity (AAI) showed that this strain represents a new species of the genus Bosea. The genome size of strain ZW T0_25T is 6.19 Mbp, and the GC content is 66.9%. As whole cell sugars, rhamnose, ribose and glucose were identified. Ubiquinone Q-10 is the major respiratory quinone with 97.8%. Polar lipids in strain ZW T0_25T are composed of one phosphatidylethanolamine, one phosphatidylglycerol, one aminophospholipid, two aminolipids, one glycolipid and two phospholipids whereas the fatty acid profile predominantly consists of C18:1 w7c (63.3%), C16:1 w7c (19.5%) and C16:0 (7.1%). Phenotypic traits were tested in the wet lab as well as predicted in silico from genome data. Therefore, according to this polyphasic approach, the new name Bosea rubneri sp. nov. with the type strain ZW T0_25T (= DSM 116094 T = LMG 33093 T) is proposed.
Robust combinatorial optimization problems under budgeted interdiction uncertainty
Authors: Goerigk Marc , Khosravi Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn robust combinatorial optimization, we would like to find a solution that performs well under all realizations of an uncertainty set of possible parameter values. How we model this uncertainty set has a decisive influence on the complexity of the corresponding robust problem. For this reason, budgeted uncertainty sets are often studied, as they enable us to decompose the robust problem into easier subproblems. We propose a variant of discrete budgeted uncertainty for cardinality-based constraints or objectives, where a weight vector is applied to the budget constraint. We show that while the adversarial problem can be solved in linear time, the robust problem becomes NP-hard and not approximable. We discuss different possibilities to model the robust problem and show experimentally that despite the hardness result, some models scale relatively well in the problem size.
Laboratory features and pharmacological management of early and late-onset primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Saleem Rimah A. , Ramadan Majed , Elshaaer Yasmin , Sukkarieh Hatouf , Alissa Rasha , Alhusseini Noara , Tamim Hani , Alshahrani Awad , Almaimoni Hesham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disorder that contributes to dry mouth (xerostomia) and eyes (xerophthalmia). It mainly affects females between 40 and 60 years old. So far, there is no treatment to cure SS; however, there is a list of medications that can ameliorate the symptoms. In addition, there has been no single test until now to detect pSS, but clinical and immunological investigations are applied as diagnostic tools. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the characteristics of pSS in Saudi patients based on the onset of the disease through laboratory findings and pharmaceutical management.

Methodology
This retrospective study examined diagnosed patients with pSS between 2018 and 2023 from the National Guard Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Data of pSS patients was categorized into two groups: early (under 40 years old) and late-onset (40 years old and above). Data on demographic information, mortality rate, and blood tests such as complete blood count (CBC), creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and vitamin levels, in addition to prescribed medications, were collected from the patient’s medical record. Chi-square and t-tests were mainly used, and statistical significance was determined at a P-value less than 0.05.

Results
A total of 453 patients were included in the study, where the early-onset group comprised 136 and the late-onset group comprised 317 patients. The mean age of the early and late onset was 34.2 and 60.4, respectively. ESR was significantly higher in the early (46.3 mm/hr) and late-onset (49.8 mm/hr). The most common medication used by all pSS patients was hydroxychloroquine. However, artificial tears were mainly observed in the late-onset group. Other medications, such as pilocarpine, methotrexate, and azathioprine, were prescribed to pSS patients to a lesser extent.

Conclusion
This study suggests that the onset of pSS could occur even before the age of 40 among Saudi citizens. Notably, elevated ESR levels appeared to be a feature of pSS, which was consistent with other previous findings. The variability of some medications between early-onset and late-onset pSS may indicate disease progression. However, further investigations are required to confirm this observation.
Comparison of scales for the evaluation of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Couret David , Boussen Salah , Cardoso Dan , Alonzo Audrey , Madec Sylvain , Reyre Anthony , Brunel Hervé , Girard Nadine , Graillon Thomas , Dufour Henry , Bruder Nicolas , Boucekine Mohamed , Meilhac Olivier , Simeone Pierre , Velly Lionel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives
Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening event with major complications. Delayed cerebral infarct (DCI) occurs most frequently 7 days after aSAH and can last for a prolonged period. To determine the most predictive radiological scales in grading subarachnoid or ventricular haemorrhage or both for functional outcome at 3 months in a large aSAH population, we conducted a single-centre retrospective study.

Methods
A 3-year single-centre retrospective cohort study of 230 patients hospitalised for aSAH was analysed. Initial computed tomography (CT) scans in patients hospitalised for aSAH were blindly assessed using eight grading systems: the Fisher grade, modified Fisher grade, Barrow Neurological Institute scale, Hijdra scale, Intraventricular Haemorrhage (IVH) score, Graeb score and LeRoux score.

Results
Of 200 patients with aSAH who survived to day 7 and were included for DCI analysis, 39% of cases were complicated with DCI. The Hijdra scale was the best predictor for DCI, with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROCAUC) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74–0.85). The IVH score was the most effective grading system for predicting acute hydrocephalus, with a ROCAUC of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79–0.89). In multivariate analysis, the Hijdra scale was the best predictor of the occurrence of DCI (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10–1.25).

Conclusions
Although these results have yet to be prospectively confirmed, our findings suggest that the Hijdra scale may be a good predictor of DCI and could be useful in daily clinical practice.

Clinical relevance statement
Better assessment of subarachnoid haemorrhage patients would allow for better prognostication and management of expectations, as well as referral for appropriate services and helping to appropriate use limited critical care resources.

Key Points

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage is a life-threatening event that causes severe disability and leads to major complications such as delayed cerebral infarction.

Accurate assessment of the amount of blood in the subarachnoid spaces on computed tomography with the Hijdra scale can better predict the risk of delayed cerebral infarct.

The Hijdra scale could be a good triage tool for subarachnoid haemorrhage patients.
Robust change-point detection for functional time series based on U-statistics and dependent wild bootstrap
Authors: Wegner Lea , Wendler Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to develop a change-point test for functional time series that uses the full functional information and is less sensitive to outliers compared to the classical CUSUM test. For this aim, the Wilcoxon two-sample test is generalized to functional data. To obtain the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic, we prove a limit theorem for a process of U-statistics with values in a Hilbert space under weak dependence. Critical values can be obtained by a newly developed version of the dependent wild bootstrap for non-degenerate 2-sample U-statistics.
A computational approach to integrate three-dimensional peridynamics and two-dimensional higher-order classical elasticity theory for fracture analysis
Authors: Zhang Jing , Enea Marco , Pagani Alfonso , Carrera Erasmo , Madenci Erdogan , Liu Xia , Yang Qingsheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As a nonlocal alternative of classical continuum theory, peridynamics (PD) is mathematically compatible to discontinuities, making it particularly attractive for failure prediction. The PD theory on the other side can be computationally demanding due to its nonlocal interactions. A coupling between PD and refined higher-order finite element method (FEM) integrates their salient features. The present study proposes a computational approach to couple three-dimensional peridynamics with two-dimensional higher-order finite elements based on classical elasticity. The bond-based PD modeling is considered in a region where damage might appear while refined finite element modeling is used for the remaining region. The refined finite elements employed in this study are based on the 2D Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), which provides 3D-like accuracy with optimized computational efficiency. The coupling between PD and FEM is achieved through the Lagrange multiplier method which permits physical consistency and compatibility at the interface domain. An adaptive convergence check algorithm is also proposed to achieve predetermined accuracy in the solution with minimum computational effort. Simulations of quasi-static tension tests, wedge splitting tests and L-plate cracking tests are carried out for verification. In-depth analysis shows that the present approach can reproduce the linear deformation, material degradation and crack propagation in an effective way.
Full-field validation of finite cell method computations on wire arc additive manufactured components
Authors: Tröger Jendrik-Alexander , Sartorti Roman , Garhuom Wadhah , Düster Alexander , Hartmann Stefan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWire arc additive manufacturing enables the production of components with high deposition rates and the incorporation of multiple materials. However, the manufactured components possess a wavy surface, which is a major difficulty when it comes to simulating the mechanical behavior of wire arc additively manufactured components and evaluation of experimental full-field measurements. In this work, the wavy surface of a thick-walled tube is measured with a portable 3D scanning technique first. Then, the surface contour is considered numerically using the finite cell method. There, hierarchic shape functions based on integrated Legendre polynomials are combined with a fictitious domain approach to simplify the discretization process. This enables a hierarchic p-refinement process to study the convergence of the reaction quantities and the surface strains under tension–torsion load. Throughout all considerations, uncertainties arising from multiple sources are assessed. This includes the material parameter identification, the geometry measurement, and the experimental analysis. When comparing experiment and numerical simulation, the in-plane surface strains are computed based on displacement data using radial basis functions as ansatz for global surface interpolation. It turns out that the finite cell method is a suitable numerical technique to consider the wavy surface encountered for additively manufactured components. The numerical results of the mechanical response of thick-walled tubes subjected to tension–torsion load demonstrate good agreement with real experimental data, particularly when employing higher-order polynomials. This agreement persists even under the consideration of the inherent uncertainties stemming from multiple sources, which are determined by Gaussian error propagation.
Selective activations and functional connectivities to the sight of faces, scenes, body parts and tools in visual and non-visual cortical regions leading to the human hippocampus
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. , Feng Jianfeng , Zhang Ruohan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConnectivity maps are now available for the 360 cortical regions in the Human Connectome Project Multimodal Parcellation atlas. Here we add function to these maps by measuring selective fMRI activations and functional connectivity increases to stationary visual stimuli of faces, scenes, body parts and tools from 956 HCP participants. Faces activate regions in the ventrolateral visual cortical stream (FFC), in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) visual stream for face and head motion; and inferior parietal visual (PGi) and somatosensory (PF) regions. Scenes activate ventromedial visual stream VMV and PHA regions in the parahippocampal scene area; medial (7m) and lateral parietal (PGp) regions; and the reward-related medial orbitofrontal cortex. Body parts activate the inferior temporal cortex object regions (TE1p, TE2p); but also visual motion regions (MT, MST, FST); and the inferior parietal visual (PGi, PGs) and somatosensory (PF) regions; and the unpleasant-related lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Tools activate an intermediate ventral stream area (VMV3, VVC, PHA3); visual motion regions (FST); somatosensory (1, 2); and auditory (A4, A5) cortical regions. The findings add function to cortical connectivity maps; and show how stationary visual stimuli activate other cortical regions related to their associations, including visual motion, somatosensory, auditory, semantic, and orbitofrontal cortex value-related, regions.