bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental arrest of scNT‐derived fetuses by disruption of the developing endometrial gland as a result of impaired trophoblast migration and invasiveness
Authors: Kim Jae‐Hwan , Park Jong‐Yi , Park Mi‐Rung , Hwang Kyu‐Chan , Park Keun‐Kyu , Park Chankyu , Cho Seong‐Keun , Lee Hwi‐Cheul , Song Hyuk , Park Soo‐Bong , Kim Teoan , Kim Jin‐Hoi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSomatic cell nuclear transfer (scNT)‐derived pig placenta tissues of gestational day 30 displayed avascularization and hypovascularization. Most of the cytotrophoblast‐like cells of the developing scNT‐derived placenta villi were improperly localized or exhibited impaired migration to their targeting loci. Id‐2, Met, MMP‐9, and MCM‐7 were barely detectable in the cytotrophoblast cells of the scNT‐derived placenta villi. Active MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression was significantly down‐regulated in the scNT‐embryo transferred recipient uteri. scNT clones exhibited a hypermethylated pattern within the pig MMP‐9 promoter region and the significance of GC box in the regulation of MMP‐9 promoter activity. Marked apoptosis was observed in the developing endometrial gland of scNT‐embryo transferred recipient uteri. Collectively, our data strongly indicated that early gestational death of scNT clones is caused, at least in part, by disruption of the developing endometrial gland as a result of impaired trophoblast migration and invasiveness due to the down‐regulation of active MMP‐9 expression. Developmental Dynamics 240:627–639, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different requirements for GATA factors in cardiogenesis are mediated by non‐canonical Wnt signaling
Authors: Afouda Boni A. , Hoppler Stefan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGATA factors and Wnt signals are key regulators of vertebrate cardiogenesis, but specific roles for individual GATA factors and how they interact with Wnt signaling remain unknown. We use loss of function and overexpression approaches to elucidate how these molecules regulate early cardiogenesis in Xenopus. In order to minimize indirect effects due to abnormal early embryogenesis, we use pluripotent embryonic tissues as cardiogenic assays. We confirm central roles for GATA4, 5, and 6 in cardiogenesis, but also discover individual and different requirements. We show that GATA4 or 6 regulate both cardiogenic potential and subsequent cardiomyocyte differentiation but that GATA5 is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte differentiation. We also show that Wnt11b signaling can rescue reduced cardiac differentiation resulting from loss of function of GATA4 and 6 but not GATA5. We conclude that Wnt11b mediates the differential requirements for GATA factors during vertebrate cardiogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 240:649–662, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C. elegans meg‐1 and meg‐2 differentially interact with nanos family members to either promote or inhibit germ cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Kapelle William S. , Reinke Valerie 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe closely related C. elegans MEG‐1 and MEG‐2 proteins localize to P granules during a brief period of embryogenesis when the germ lineage is being separated from the soma. Embryonic primordial germ cells still develop in the absence of MEG activity, but major defects emerge during larval stages when germ cells fail to proliferate or differentiate normally, resulting in sterility. To investigate meg‐1 function, we conducted a targeted RNAi screen for enhancers and suppressors of meg‐1 sterility. Here, we show that meg‐1 interacts with multiple pathways that promote germ cell proliferation and survival. Surprisingly, we found that two nanos family members had opposing effects on the meg‐1 phenotype. Loss of nos‐3 suppressed the meg‐1 phenotype, restoring fertility, while loss of nos‐2 enhanced the meg‐1 phenotype, abolishing proliferation and causing early and pronounced germ cell degeneration. Together, our analyses suggest that, under circumstances that favor proliferation, MEG function is not essential for germ cells to proliferate, although it is important for optimal proliferation. Additionally, MEG activity is likely more directly involved in germ cell survival than previously thought. genesis 49:380–391, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A phenotype‐driven ENU mutagenesis screen identifies novel alleles with functional roles in early mouse craniofacial development
Authors: Sandell Lisa L. , Iulianella Angelo , Melton Kristin R. , Lynn Megan , Walker Macie , Inman Kimberly E. , Bhatt Shachi , Leroux‐Berger Margot , Crawford Michelle , Jones Natalie C. , Dennis Jennifer F. , Trainor Paul A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProper craniofacial development begins during gastrulation and requires the coordinated integration of each germ layer tissue (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and its derivatives in concert with the precise regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Neural crest cells, which are derived from ectoderm, are a migratory progenitor cell population that generates most of the cartilage, bone, and connective tissue of the head and face. Neural crest cell development is regulated by a combination of intrinsic cell autonomous signals acquired during their formation, balanced with extrinsic signals from tissues with which the neural crest cells interact during their migration and differentiation. Although craniofacial anomalies are typically attributed to defects in neural crest cell development, the cause may be intrinsic or extrinsic. Therefore, we performed a phenotype‐driven ENU mutagenesis screen in mice with the aim of identifying novel alleles in an unbiased manner, that are critically required for early craniofacial development. Here we describe 10 new mutant lines, which exhibit phenotypes affecting frontonasal and pharyngeal arch patterning, neural and vascular development as well as sensory organ morphogenesis. Interestingly, our data imply that neural crest cells and endothelial cells may employ similar developmental programs and be interdependent during early embryogenesis, which collectively is critical for normal craniofacial morphogenesis. Furthermore our novel mutants that model human conditions such as exencephaly, craniorachischisis, DiGeorge, and Velocardiofacial sydnromes could be very useful in furthering our understanding of the complexities of specific human diseases. genesis 49:342–359, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐lapse imaging of neural development: Zebrafish lead the way into the fourth dimension
Authors: Rieger Sandra , Wang Fang , Sagasti Alvaro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTime‐lapse imaging is often the only way to appreciate fully the many dynamic cell movements critical to neural development. Zebrafish possess many advantages that make them the best vertebrate model organism for live imaging of dynamic development events. This review will discuss technical considerations of time‐lapse imaging experiments in zebrafish, describe selected examples of imaging studies in zebrafish that revealed new features or principles of neural development, and consider the promise and challenges of future time‐lapse studies of neural development in zebrafish embryos and adults. genesis 49:534–545, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FOXP3+CD4+ Tregs lose suppressive potential but remain anergic during transient inflammation in human
Authors: Schadenberg Alvin W. L. , Vastert Sebastiaan J. , Evens Fabiola C. M. , Kuis Wietse , van Vught Adrianus J. , Jansen Nicolaas J. G. , Prakken Berent J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTregs are crucial in controlling inflammation. Although the transcription factor FOXP3 is the most applicable phenotype marker of Tregs, it does not indisputably characterize suppressive function during T‐cell activation in vitro. A question that remains is: what is the functionality of FOXP3+ T cells during inflammation in vivo? We studied FOXP3+ T cells in a human model of acute inflammation due to cardiac surgery. Twenty‐five children who underwent cardiac surgery for correction of a septum defect were included. Following surgery, we observed a transient systemic inflammatory response accompanied by an increased proportion of CD25bright T cells with sustained Treg phenotype. During this transient immune activation, both the percentage of CD4+FOXP3+ cells and the level of expression of FOXP3 in the CD4+CD25brightCD127low population increased. While Tregs remained present during systemic inflammation and continued to be anergic, the capacity to suppress effector T cells was reduced. The reduced suppressive state of Tregs could be induced in vitro by plasma obtained during the peak of inflammation after surgery. These data show that inflammation inhibits Treg function through soluble factors present in plasma. These results underscore the functional role of FOXP3+ Tregs during inflammation in vivo.
Syntheses and Reactions of 2,5‐Disulfobenzene‐1‐diazonium Salts: Towards Functionalized Sulfonate Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Muesmann Thomas W. T. , Ohlert Jan , Wickleder Mathias S. , Christoffers Jens 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA preparation, separation, and purification protocol for 2‐substituted 1,4‐benzenedisulfonic acids by exploiting crystallization of the barium salts and their subsequent protonation with cation‐exchange resin was developed. This technique was applied to the preparation of 2‐chloro‐, 2‐bromo‐, 2‐iodo‐, and 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐benzenedisulfonic acids. The iodo derivative was submitted to Suzuki coupling reactions with Pd/C as the catalyst, and the respective biphenyl derivatives were subsequently isolated. The copper(II) salt of the iododisulfonic acid was prepared. In the solid state, it was found to form polymeric chains, which interlock in two‐dimensional layers. The material was found to be thermally stable up to 400 °C above which point the salt decomposed to afford CuI.
Synthesis of 4,6‐Dichloro‐ and 4,6‐Difluorophthalides: a Systematic Study on the Lithiation of 3,5‐Dihalo‐N,N‐diisopropylbenzamides
Authors: Molnár Balázs , Simig Gyula , Volk Balázs 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBy taking advantage of the N,N‐diisopropylcarbamoyl moiety as a versatile ortho‐directing lithiation group, the preparation of 4,6‐dichloro‐ and 4,6‐difluorophthalides, starting from the corresponding 3,5‐dihalo‐N,N‐diisopropylbenzamides, is described here. The role of the lithiating agent, the formation of kinetically and thermodynamically favored products, and the marked difference between the dichloro and difluoro derivatives are discussed in detail.
Acute oral toxicity of the organophosphorus pesticide fenitrothion to fat-tailed and stripe-faced dunnarts and its relevance for pesticide risk assessments in Australia
Authors: Story Paul , Hooper Michael J , Astheimer Lee B , Buttemer William A 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The scarcity of information on the effects of pesticides on native Australian vertebrates constrains the development of biologically relevant risk assessments in Australia for the registration of pesticides. The concern that endemically old and unique Australian vertebrate fauna might display high sensitivity to pesticides used for locust control provoked examination of the acute oral toxicity of the organophosphorus pesticide fenitrothion for the fat-tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis crassicaudata (Gould 1844), and the stripe-faced dunnart, S. macroura (Gould 1845). By using the up-and-down method for determining acute oral toxicity, S. crassicaudata and S. macroura were found to have estimated median lethal doses (LD50s) of 129 mg/kg (95% confidence interval [CI] = 74.2–159.0) and 97 mg/kg (95% CI = 88.3–120.0), respectively. These values are 10 to 14 times lower than the reported LD50 values for a similar-sized eutherian mammal, Mus musculus (L. 1758; LD50 = 1,100–1,400 mg/kg) and lower than all other reported mammalian LD50 values. Such wide interspecific variation in sensitivity to fenitrothion may be a consequence of underlying differences in the metabolic pathway for fenitrothion detoxification in mammals and a possible explanation for the increased toxicity of fenitrothion to dunnarts, compared with other mammals, is proposed. The unexpectedly high sensitivity of these Australian marsupials to fenitrothion emphasises the importance of adequately evaluating the risks of pesticides to endemic Australian fauna. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1163–1169. © 2011 SETAC
Estrogenic activity of tropical fish food can alter baseline vitellogenin concentrations in male fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Authors: Beresford Nicola , Brian Jayne V , Runnalls Tamsin J , Sumpter John P , Jobling Susan 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Vitellogenin (VTG) is a precursor of egg-yolk protein and is therefore present at high concentrations in the plasma of female fish. In male fish, VTG concentrations are usually undetectable or low but can be induced upon exposure to estrogenic substances either via the water or the diet. This work was performed to determine the reason for the apparently elevated VTG concentrations in unexposed stock male fathead minnow maintained in our laboratory. The results showed clearly that some of the food given to the fish was estrogenic and that replacement of this with nonestrogenic food led to a significant reduction in the basal VTG levels measured in male fish after a six-month period. This reduction in male VTG concentrations drastically increased the sensitivity of the VTG test in further studies carried out with these fish. Moreover, a review of published concentrations of VTG in unexposed male fathead minnow suggests that this problem may exist in other laboratories. The fathead minnow is a standard ecotoxicological fish test species, so these findings will be of interest to any laboratory carrying out fish tests on endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1139–1145. © 2011 SETAC
Binding of pyrene to fulvic acid fractions isolated by polarity-based sequential elution
Authors: Li Aimin , Wang Xuejun 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Binding between pyrene and four fulvic acid factions sequentially eluted by 0.01 M HCl (F1), 0.01 M HCl + 20% methanol (F2), 0.01 M HCl + 40% methanol (F3), and 0.01 M HCl + 100% methanol (F4) was measured by fluorescence quenching. The influences of the functional groups of the fractions under different pH conditions on the binding behavior are discussed. The results showed that the binding coefficient (log KDOC) of pyrene for F1 to F4 increased from 4.19 to 5.3. Log KDOC was positively correlated with the aromaticity of fulvic acid fractions but negatively correlated with the ratio of (O + N)/C and the ratio of UV absorption at 250 nm and 365 nm (E2/E3). As an indicator of polarity around the pyrene molecule, the ratio of intensity of pyrene at 374 nm and 384 nm (I1/I3) decreased with the increase of fulvic acid fraction concentrations. All fractions decreased in ability to quench as the pH increased. For a given pH value, the quenching ability followed the order of F1 &lt; F2 &lt; F3 &lt; F4. The differences in the effects of pH on the quenching ability of fulvic acid fractions could be attributed mainly to the conformation of the fulvic acid fractions. Hydrophobic effect and the interactions of π-electrons from the aromatic regions of the fulvic acid and pyrene played dominant roles in the binding process. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1079–1085. © 2011 SETAC
Persistency assessment and aerobic biodegradation of selected cyclic sesquiterpenes present in essential oils
Authors: Jenner Karen J , Kreutzer Georg , Racine Philippe 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Sesquiterpenes are ubiquitous in essential oils but an assessment of their environmental behavior is still required for their use as components of natural fragrance ingredients and oral care flavors. Persistency plays a key role in hazard and risk assessment, but the current knowledge on the biodegradation of sesquiterpenes in the aquatic environment is limited. This could have important consequences for the persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) assessment of essential oils because most of the sesquiterpene components have a log KOW of &gt;4.5 and are identified as potentially bioaccumulating according to REACH screening criteria. In the present study, a persistency screening assessment was conducted on 11 cyclic sesquiterpenes selected from 10 different families of sesquiterpenes characterized by their carbon skeleton. Current biodegradation prediction models (BioWin™, BioHCwin, and Catalogic) were found to be of limited use because most of the sesquiterpenes studied were outside the structural domain of the models. Aerobic biodegradation was measured in a standard or prolonged Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 301F Manometric Respirometry test for ready biodegradability. α-Bisabolol, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, α-cedrene, cedrol, longifolene, and δ-cadinene exceeded the pass level of 60% degradation and can be regarded as not persistent. Alpha-gurjunene, himachalenes (α, β, γ), and (−)-thujopsene almost achieved the pass level reaching between 51% and 56% ultimate biodegradation. Although germacrene D only achieved 24% ultimate biodegradation, specific analysis at the end of the test did indicate complete primary degradation. Given that the shape of the biodegradation curves indicates poor bioavailability and ready biodegradability tests are very stringent, it is expected that all the sesquiterpenes tested in the present study would be degraded under environmental conditions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1096–1108. © 2011 SETAC
Test of significant toxicity: A statistical application for assessing whether an effluent or site water is truly toxic
Authors: Denton Debra L , Diamond Jerry , Zheng Lei 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and state agencies implement the Clean Water Act, in part, by evaluating the toxicity of effluent and surface water samples. A common goal for both regulatory authorities and permittees is confidence in an individual test result (e.g., no-observed-effect concentration [NOEC], pass/fail, 25% effective concentration [EC25]), which is used to make regulatory decisions, such as reasonable potential determinations, permit compliance, and watershed assessments. This paper discusses an additional statistical approach (test of significant toxicity [TST]), based on bioequivalence hypothesis testing, or, more appropriately, test of noninferiority, which examines whether there is a nontoxic effect at a single concentration of concern compared with a control. Unlike the traditional hypothesis testing approach in whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing, TST is designed to incorporate explicitly both α and β error rates at levels of toxicity that are unacceptable and acceptable, given routine laboratory test performance for a given test method. Regulatory management decisions are used to identify unacceptable toxicity levels for acute and chronic tests, and the null hypothesis is constructed such that test power is associated with the ability to declare correctly a truly nontoxic sample as acceptable. This approach provides a positive incentive to generate high-quality WET data to make informed decisions regarding regulatory decisions. This paper illustrates how α and β error rates were established for specific test method designs and tests the TST approach using both simulation analyses and actual WET data. In general, those WET test endpoints having higher routine (e.g., 50th percentile) within-test control variation, on average, have higher method-specific α values (type I error rate), to maintain a desired type II error rate. This paper delineates the technical underpinnings of this approach and demonstrates the benefits to both regulatory authorities and permitted entities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1117–1126. © 2011 SETAC
A novel halogen‐free and formaldehyde‐free flame retardant for cotton fabrics
Authors: Yang Zongyue , Fei Bin , Wang Xiaowen , Xin John H. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYA novel halogen‐free and formaldehyde‐free flame retardant (FR), which contains phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon, was synthesized for cotton fabrics considering the synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon. The structure of the new FR was characterized by Fourier‐trans‐form infrared spectroscopy, and the surface morphology of the treated fibre was observed using scanning electron microscope. The thermal property of the FR treated cotton fabric was studied through thermal gravimetric analysis. The TG results indicate that the FR can protect cotton fabric from fire to a certain degree. The vertical flammability test and limiting oxygen index results further indicate that the FR has excellent FR properties. Finally, the durability and other performance properties of the treated fabric were studied and the results show that the new materials can be used as a semi‐durable FR for cellulosic fibres. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the usage of NURBS as interface representation in free‐surface flows
Authors: Elgeti S. , Sauerland H. , Pauli L. , Behr M. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYWhen simulating free‐surface flows using the finite element method, there are many cases where the governing equations require information which must be derived from the available discretized geometry. Examples are curvature or normal vectors. The accurate computation of this information directly from the finite element mesh often requires a high degree of refinement—which is not necessarily required to obtain an accurate flow solution. As a remedy and an option to be able to use coarser meshes, the representation of the free surface using non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS) curves or surfaces is investigated in this work. The advantages of a NURBS parameterization in comparison with the standard approach are discussed. In addition, it is explored how the pressure jump resulting from surface tension effects can be handled using doubled interface nodes. Numerical examples include the computation of surface tension in a two‐phase flow as well as the computation of normal vectors as a basis for mesh deformation methods. For these examples, the improvement of the numerical solution compared with the standard approaches on identical meshes is shown. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analytical formula for VIX futures and its applications
Authors: Zhu Song‐Ping , Lian Guang‐Hua 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study we present a closed‐form, exact solution for the pricing of VIX futures in a stochastic volatility model with simultaneous jumps in both the asset price and volatility processes. The newly derived formula is then used to show that the well‐known convexity correction approximations can sometimes lead to large errors. Utilizing the newly derived formula, we also conduct an empirical study, the results of which demonstrate that the Heston stochastic volatility model is a good candidate for the pricing of VIX futures. While incorporating jumps into the underlying price can further improve the pricing of VIX futures, adding jumps to the volatility process appears to contribute little improvement for pricing VIX futures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark