bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombin-independent thrombin inhibitors, but not direct factor Xa inhibitors, enhance thrombin generation in plasma through inhibition of thrombin-thrombomodulin-protein C system
Authors: Sugiyama Nobutoshi , Morishima Yoshiyuki , Shibano Toshiro , Furugohri Taketoshi 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThere is increasing concern that some anticoagulants can paradoxically increase thrombogenesis under certain circumstances. Previously, we demonstrated that at certain doses a direct thrombin inhibitor, melag-atran, worsens the coagulation status induced by tissue factor (TF) in-jection in a rat model. We utilised an in vitro thrombin generation (TG) assay to determine if direct thrombin inhibitors could enhance TG in human plasma, and whether inhibition of the negative-feedback sys-tem [thrombin-thrombomodulin (TM)-protein C] contributed to the TG enhancement. TG in human plasma was assayed by means of the cali-brated automated thrombography. In this assay, direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors such as edoxaban and antithrombin (AT)-dependent anti-coagulants such as heparin did not increase, but simply suppressed TG. AT-independent thrombin inhibitors (melagatran, lepirudin, and active site blocked thrombin (IIai)) increased peak levels of TG (2.0, 1.6, and 2.2-fold, respectively) in the presence of 12 nM recombinant human soluble TM (rhsTM). Melagatran and lepirudin at higher concentrations began to suppress TG. In the absence of rhsTM, the enhancement of peak TG by melagatran decreased to 1.2-fold. Furthermore, in protein C-deficient plasma, AT-independent thrombin inhibitors failed to enhance TG. In addition, a human protein C neutralising antibody increased the peak height of TG in the presence of rhsTM. These results suggest that AT-independent thrombin inhibitors may activate throm-bogenesis by suppression of the thrombin-induced negative-feedback system through inhibition of protein C activation. In contrast, direct FXa inhibitors are more useful than AT-independent thrombin inhibitors in terms of lower possibility of activation of the coagulation pathway.
Tracking of physical activity during middle school transition in Iranian adolescents
Authors: Taymoori Parvaneh , Berry Tanya R , Lubans David R 
Published: October 2011

Objective: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine changes in physical activity behavior, psychological factors and interpersonal influences associated with exercise behavior during the transition from secondary school to high school in Sanandaj, Iran. Design: Data were collected from students in 2006 ( N = 1,073), of whom 844 provided follow-up data in 2009. Setting: The students were in high school in 2009 (51% male) with a mean age of 16.42 ± 1.73 years. Method: Physical activity-related cognitions, interpersonal influences, and physical activity behavior were measured using self-report questionnaires. To assess the effects of time and sex on psychosocial factors, analysis of variances (ANOVAs) were conducted. The relative stability of physical activity psychosocial correlates from wave 1 through wave 2 was assessed using Pearson product-moment correlations. Results: There were significant differences according to sex across time for physical activity, psychological variables and interpersonal influences associated with exercise activities. The girls were less active than boys at both time points. Girls reported lower self-efficacy and perceived more barriers and fewer perceived benefits for physical activity over time. Interpersonal influences on activity were more stable for girls than boys. Conclusion: The results offer evidence for decreasing physical activity in boys and girls and sex differences in cognitive variables and interpersonal influences. This is important for understanding how to address the problem of physical inactivity among Iranian youth.
Patient participation in mental healthcare: When is it difficult? A qualitative study of users and providers in a mental health hospital in Norway
Authors: Solbjør Marit , Rise Marit By , Westerlund Heidi , Steinsbekk Aslak 
Published: October 2011

Background: In western countries, patient participation is requested in policies on mental health services. Participation is built on ideas of democracy and individual responsibility. Mental illness has, however, been characterized by its irrational features. Aim: To investigate mental health service users’ and providers’ views on patient participation during episodes of mental illness. Methods: Qualitative interview study with 20 users and 25 staff from a mental health hospital in central Norway. Results: Both users and professionals saw poor illness phases as an obstacle to patient participation. Lack of insight, lack of verbal ability and difficulty cooperating made participation difficult. During such phases, patient participation was redefined. There was a shift in responsibility where professionals took charge through strategies of providing information, motivating patients and reducing choices. Respect and dignity were maintained and not redefined. Conclusions: In poor phases of mental illness, patient participation was redefined and weighed against what was perceived to be the patient’s best interest.
High performance Dyneema® fiber laminate for impact resistance/macro structural composites
Authors: Karbalaie M , Yazdanirad M , Mirhabibi A 
Published: October 2011

UHMWPE composite materials are increasingly used in armors design due to their high strength-to-weight ratios and energy absorption capacities. In this study the effect of production parameters upon the terminal ballistic properties of UHMWPE composite were examined under different conditionings. The composite armor plate laminates were produced by hot pressing with three different pressing times from 10–30 minutes and the laminates conditioned at +115, +125, and +135°C. The molding temperature of SK66 fiber composite has the main direct effect on the ballistic absorption energy, so the relation of molding temperature with the adhesive bonding force between layers, the thickness of the laminates, pressure and time is investigated during the optimum of the molding parameters. The results show that when the molding temperature is about 125°C the ballistic absorption energy is up to the highest value. For the study of the principles of the ballistic absorption energy, the deformation and fracture area of the SK66 fiber composite laminates after ballistic impact are analyzed with the Taguchi method and the results are discussed in detail. Phenomena and mechanism of failure of the composite under ballistic impact were explained. The study results would be valuable for the optimum design.
The Relationships Between FAM5C SNP (rs10920501) Variability and Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation in Women With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Cline Jennifer L. , Beckie Theresa M. 
Published: October 2011

Introduction: The leading cause of death among women is coronary heart disease (CHD), a multifactorial disease with polygenic heritability estimated at 50%. Polymorphisms in the family with sequence similarity 5, member C′ ( FAM5C) gene have been associated with myocardial infarction (MI). FAM5C also corresponds directly with the inflammatory biomarker monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and metabolic syndrome. Method: The purpose of this descriptive gene association pilot study was to investigate the variability of FAM5C (rs10920501) in 91 women with CHD. The authors also examined the associations between the variability of FAM5C (rs10920501) and metabolic syndrome, inflammatory markers, and early onset CHD. Results: No women in this study with the homozygous variant (TT) had an MI. Women with a history of MI and the heterozygous (AT) genotype had a later age of onset of CHD compared to those with the homozygous wild type (AA; F(3, 34) = 5.00, p < .01). These findings suggest a protective effect of the T allele in women with a history of MI. The genotype of FAM5C rs10920501 explained approximately 7% of the variability of age of onset of CHD in women who have had an MI, while holding body mass index (BMI) and smoking history constant. There was no significant relationship between FAM5C (rs10920501) and metabolic syndrome or any inflammatory biomarkers in this sample. Conclusion: FAM5C remains a gene of interest in a complex disease process.
Motor impairment in sibling pairs concordant and discordant for autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Hilton Claudia List , Zhang Yi , Whilte Megan R. , Klohr Cheryl L. , Constantino John 
Published: October 2011

Aim: Although motor impairment is frequently observed in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the manner in which these impairments aggregate in families affected by autism is unknown. We used a standardized measure of motor proficiency to objectively examine quantitative variation in motor proficiency in sibling pairs concordant and discordant for ASD. Methods: Motor impairment of sibling pairs from 67 ASD-affected families comprising 29 concordant pairings and 48 discordant pairings were assessed using the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd Edition, a standardized measure of motor proficiency. Results: Motor skills were substantially impaired among ASD-affected children and highly correlated with autistic severity and IQ, whereas motor skills in unaffected siblings were essentially normal. Total motor composite scores of at least one standard deviation below the general population mean were seen in 83% of the affected group compared with 6% in the unaffected siblings. Interpretation: Findings indicate that motor impairment constitutes a core characteristic of ASD (not necessarily an ASD endophenotype), which has distinct implications for taxonomy, diagnosis, and approaches to intervention.
Transcriptomic analyses of murine resolution-phase macrophages
Authors: Stables Melanie J. , Shah Sonia , Camon Evelyn B. , Lovering Ruth C. , Newson Justine , Bystrom Jonas , Farrow Stuart , Gilroy Derek W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMacrophages are either classically (M1) or alternatively-activated (M2). Whereas this nomenclature was generated from monocyte-derived macrophages treated in vitro with defined cytokine stimuli, the phenotype of in vivo-derived macrophages is less understood. We completed Affymetrix-based transcriptomic analysis of macrophages from the resolution phase of a zymosan-induced peritonitis. Compared with macrophages from hyperinflamed mice possessing a pro-inflammatory nature as well as naive macrophages from the uninflamed peritoneum, resolution-phase macrophages (rM) are similar to monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), being CD209a positive but lacking CD11c. They are enriched for antigen processing/presentation (MHC class II [H2-Eb1, H2-Ab1, H2-Ob, H2-Aa], CD74, CD86), secrete T- and B-lymphocyte chemokines (Xcl1, Ccl5, Cxcl13) as well as factors that enhance macrophage/DC development, and promote DC/T cell synapse formation (Clec2i, Tnfsf4, Clcf1). rM are also enriched for cell cycle/proliferation genes as well as Alox15, Timd4, and Tgfb2, key systems in the termination of leukocyte trafficking and clearance of inflammatory cells. Finally, comparison with in vitro-derived M1/M2 shows that rM are neither classically nor alternatively activated but possess aspects of both definitions consistent with an immune regulatory phenotype. We propose that macrophages in situ cannot be rigidly categorized as they can express many shades of the inflammatory spectrum determined by tissue, stimulus, and phase of inflammation.
Secular trends of macrosomia in southeast China, 1994-2005
Authors: Lu Yanyu , Zhang Jun , Lu Xinrong , Xi Wei , Li Zhu 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
The rate of macrosomia (birth weight≥4, 000 g) increased over the past four decades in many parts of the world. Macrosomia is associated not only with higher risks of maternal and neonatal complications but also with health risks in adulthood. We examined trends in neonatal macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) births among singleton, live, term and postterm births (≥37 complete weeks' gestation) in southeast China from 1994 to 2005 and explored possible causes of the temporal trends.

Methods
Data from Perinatal Health Care Surveillance System in 12 cities and counties in southeast China were analyzed for trends in birth weight, neonatal macrosomia and LGA from 1994 to 2005. A total of 594, 472 singleton live births were included. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses to relate these trends to changes in maternal and pregnancy characteristics.

Results
The rate of macrosomia rose from 6.00% in 1994 to 8.49% in 2000 and then levelled off to 7.83% in 2005. Similar trends were observed in mean birth weight. The incidence of LGA births increased continuously from 13.72% in 1994 to 18.08% in 2000, but the LGA rate remained relatively stable from 2002 to 2005. There was a decrease in gestational age and a significant increase in frequency of prelabor caesarean delivery from 1994 to 2005. In an adjusted multivariable model, the increase in LGA rate from 1994 to 2000 was associated with increasing net gestational weight gain, maternal age, maternal height and maternal education. But they didn't fully explain the increase. The trends of 2002-2005 LGA declined after adjusted for maternal and neonatal characteristics.

Conclusions
In southeast China, the incidence of macrosomia increased from 1994 to 2000 was mainly related to increasing net gestational weight gain. The incidence of macrosomia has levelled off in recent years partly due to increasing use of prelabor caesarean delivery and earlier delivery and partly due to moderation of gestational weight gain.
Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism: Cross-Sectional and Interventional Data from the GECOH Study
Authors: Pilz Stefan , Kienreich Katharina , Drechsler Christiane , Ritz Eberhard , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid , Gaksch Martin , Meinitzer Andreas , März Winfried , Pieber Thomas R. , Tomaschitz Andreas 
Published: October 2011

Context:
Experimental studies suggest that aldosterone induces hypercalciuria and might contribute to hyperparathyroidism.

Objective:
We aimed to test for differences in PTH levels and parameters of calcium and vitamin D metabolism in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) compared with patients with essential hypertension (EH) and to evaluate the impact of PA treatment on these laboratory values.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
The Graz Endocrine Causes of Hypertension study includes hypertensive patients referred for screening for endocrine hypertension at a tertiary care center in Graz, Austria.

Main Outcome Measures:
Differences in PTH levels between patients with PA and EH.

Results:
Among 192 patients, we identified 10 patients with PA and 182 with EH. PTH levels (mean ± sd in picograms per milliliter) were significantly higher in PA patients compared with EH (67.8 ± 26.9 vs. 46.5 ± 20.9; P = 0.002). After treatment of PA with either adrenal surgery (n = 5) or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (n = 5), PTH concentrations decreased to 43.9 ± 14.9 (P = 0.023). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were similar in both groups. Compared with EH, serum calcium concentrations were significantly lower (2.35 ± 0.10 vs. 2.26 ± 0.10 mmol/liter; P = 0.013), and there was a nonsignificant trend toward an increased spot urine calcium to creatinine ratio in PA [median (interquartile range) 0.19 (0.11–0.31) vs. 0.33 (0.12–0.53); P = 0.094].

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that PA contributes to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether PTH has implications for PA diagnostics and whether mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have a general impact on PTH and calcium metabolism.
Concentrations of 210Po in fish and shellfish from southern region of Japan and evaluation of 210Po intake from seafood for Japanese people
Authors: Momoshima N. , Nakao H. , Sugihara S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Concentrations of 210Po in fish and shellfish, mostly collected from southern region of Japan were analyzed. Values ranged from 0.2 to 229 Bq/kg fresh weight and higher concentrations were observed in samples analyzed with viscera. Intake of 210Po through fish and shellfish was evaluated at different Japanese cities based on statistical consumption data. Phytoplankton, Heterosigma akashiwo was collected during a harmful algal bloom and 210Po was analyzed. The phytoplankton occupied only 4.4% of 210Po in seawater and a large fraction of 210Po was observed in the particulate form.
Response to Periodontal Therapy in Patients Who Had Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery and Obese Counterparts: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lakkis Dima , Bissada Nabil F. , Saber Alan , Khaitan Leena , Palomo Leena , Narendran Sena , Al‐Zahrani Mohammad S. 
Published: October 2011

Background: Periodontitis and obesity are both chronic health problems, and the literature supports an association between the two. Weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) has been shown to decrease overall mortality as well as the development of new health‐related conditions in morbidly obese patients. The present study aims to assess whether significant weight loss would improve the response to non‐surgical periodontal therapy in obese patients.Methods: This study included 30 obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) patients affected with chronic periodontitis. Of these, 15 patients had previously undergone BS and lost ≥40% of their excess weight for ≥6 months after surgery. The other 15 patients were also obese but did not have the surgery, nor did they lose weight to serve as a control group. All participants received non‐surgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing and oral hygiene instructions). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index were measured at baseline and at 4 to 6 weeks after the periodontal treatment. Descriptive statistics, linear mixed‐effects models, and linear regression models were used for data analysis.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 47.1 ± 11.5 years, and 36.7% of the participants were males. There was a statistically significant improvement after periodontal therapy in the BS compared with the obese group (P <0.05). The PD had a mean reduction of 0.45 mm in the BS group versus 0.28 mm in the control group. The reduction in CAL was 0.44 mm versus 0.30 mm, percentage of BOP sites was 16% versus 15%, and GI was 1.03 versus 0.52 in the BS and control groups, respectively.Conclusion: An improved response to non‐surgical periodontal therapy is observed in obese patients who had significant weight loss after BS compared with obese patients who did not have such a surgery.
Elevated Glucose Represses Liver Glucokinase and Induces Its Regulatory Protein to Safeguard Hepatic Phosphate Homeostasis
Authors: Arden Catherine , Petrie John L. , Tudhope Susan J. , Al-Oanzi Ziad , Claydon Amy J. , Beynon Robert J. , Towle Howard C. , Agius Loranne 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
The induction of hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pc) by glucose presents a paradox of glucose-induced glucose intolerance. We tested whether glucose regulation of liver gene expression is geared toward intracellular homeostasis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The effect of glucose-induced accumulation of phosphorylated intermediates on expression of glucokinase (Gck) and its regulator Gckr was determined in hepatocytes. Cell ATP and uric acid production were measured as indices of cell phosphate homeostasis.

RESULTS
Accumulation of phosphorylated intermediates in hepatocytes incubated at elevated glucose induced rapid and inverse changes in Gck (repression) and Gckr (induction) mRNA concomitantly with induction of G6pc, but had slower effects on the Gckr-to-Gck protein ratio. Dynamic metabolic labeling in mice and liver proteome analysis confirmed that Gckr and Gck are low-turnover proteins. Involvement of Max-like protein X in glucose-mediated Gck-repression was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Elevation of the Gck-to-Gckr ratio in hepatocytes was associated with glucose-dependent ATP depletion and elevated urate production confirming compromised phosphate homeostasis.

CONCLUSIONS
The lowering by glucose of the Gck-to-Gckr ratio provides a potential explanation for the impaired hepatic glucose uptake in diabetes. Elevated uric acid production at an elevated Gck-to-Gckr ratio supports a role for glucose regulation of gene expression in hepatic phosphate homeostasis.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Inhibits the Sirtuin Deacetylase SirT1 to Stimulate Pancreatic β-Cell Mass Expansion
Authors: Bastien-Dionne Pierre-Olivier , Valenti Luca , Kon Ning , Gu Wei , Buteau Jean 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
The glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and stimulates pancreatic β-cell mass expansion. We have previously shown that the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 is a prominent transcriptional effector of GLP-1 signaling in the β-cell. FoxO1 activity is subject to a complex regulation by Akt-dependent phosphorylation and SirT1-mediated deacetylation. In this study, we aimed at investigating the potential role of SirT1 in GLP-1 action.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
FoxO1 acetylation levels and binding to SirT1 were studied by Western immunoblot analysis in INS832/13 cells. SirT1 activity was evaluated using an in vitro deacetylation assay and correlated with the NAD+-to-NADH ratio. The implication of SirT1 in GLP-1–induced proliferation was investigated by BrdU incorporation assay. Furthermore, we determined β-cell replication and mass in wild-type and transgenic mice with SirT1 gain of function after daily administration of exendin-4 for 1 week.

RESULTS
Our data show that GLP-1 increases FoxO1 acetylation, decreases the binding of SirT1 to FoxO1, and stunts SirT1 activity in β-INS832/13 cells. GLP-1 decreases both the NAD+-to-NADH ratio and SirT1 expression in INS cells and isolated islets, thereby providing possible mechanisms by which GLP-1 could modulate SirT1 activity. Finally, the action of GLP-1 on β-cell mass expansion is abolished in both transgenic mice and cultured β-cells with increased dosage of SirT1.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows for the first time that the glucoincretin hormone GLP-1 modulates SirT1 activity and FoxO1 acetylation in β-cells. We also identify SirT1 as a negative regulator of β-cell proliferation.