bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact ultra‐wideband bandpass filter with multilayered structure
Authors: Kitamura Toshiaki , Takeuchi Haruhiko , Horii Yasushi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter using a multilayered structure is proposed.The proposed filter is composed of a pair of parallel plates, a meander line, and a thin conductor column that connects the parallel plates. The fabricated filter has a small size of 5 × 6 × 1.818 mm3 that amounts to 0.19 λg × 0.22 λg × 0.07 λg, where λg is the guided wavelength at the center frequency of the passband (6.95 GHz). UWB bandpass characteristics from 1.9 to 12.0 GHz with two attenuation poles at 0.4 and 12.8 GHz were achieved. Experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical ones that are obtained from a simulation and an equivalent circuit. Flat group delay characteristics in the wide frequency range are also shown. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:557–559, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25816
Compact ultra‐wideband antennas with single band‐notched characteristic using simple ground stubs
Authors: Weng Y. F. , Cheung S.W. , Yuk T. I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, a compact planar monopole antenna for ultra‐wideband applications with band‐notched characteristic is presented. The antenna with a small size of 30 mm × 39.3 mm operates from 2.57 to over 12 GHz with return loss larger than 10 dB and the radiation patterns similar to that of dipole antennas. A pair of ground stubs locating along the edge of the ground plane is used to create the band‐notch characteristic. The band notch covers the wireless area network band from 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The center‐notch frequency and notch bandwidth can be adjusted using the dimensions of the ground stubs. Prototype of the proposed antenna is designed, fabricated, and studied. The band‐notched characteristics, return loss, radiation patterns, peak gains, and efficiencies of the antenna are studied using both computer simulation and measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:523–529, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25817
Modeling neuronal current MRI signal with human neuron
Authors: Luo Qingfei , Jiang Xia , Chen Bin , Zhu Yi , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUp to date, no consensus has been achieved regarding the possibility of detecting neuronal currents by MRI (ncMRI) in human brain. To evaluate the detectability of ncMRI, an effective way is to simulate ncMRI signal with the realistic neuronal geometry and electrophysiological processes. Unfortunately, previous realistic ncMRI models are based on rat and monkey neurons. The species difference in neuronal morphology and physiology would prevent these models from simulating the ncMRI signal accurately in human subjects. The aim of this study is to bridge this gap by establishing a realistic ncMRI model specifically for human cerebral cortex. In this model, the ncMRI signal was simulated using anatomically reconstructed human pyramidal neurons and their biophysical properties. The modeling results showed that the amplitude of ncMRI signal significantly depends on the density of synchronously firing neurons and imaging conditions such as position of imaging voxel, direction of main magnetic field (B0) relative to the cortical surface and echo time. The results indicated that physiologically‐evoked ncMRI signal is too weak to be detected (magnitude/phase change ≤ −1.4 × 10−6/0.02°), but the phase signal induced by spontaneous activity may reach a detectable level (up to 0.2°) in favorable conditions. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatigability of spinal reflex transmission in a mouse model (SOD1G93A) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Schomburg Eike D. , Steffens Heinz , Zschüntzsch Jana , Dibaj Payam , Keller Bernhard U. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. To analyze the progressive motor deficits during the course of this disease, we investigated fatigability and ability of recovery of spinal motor neurons by testing monosynaptic reflex transmission with increasing stimulus frequencies in the lumbar spinal cord of the SOD1G93A mouse model for ALS in a comparison with wild‐type (WT) mice. Monosynaptic reflexes in WT and SOD1G93A mice without behavioral deficits showed no difference with respect to their resistance to increasing stimulus frequencies. During the progression of motor deficits in SOD1G93A mice, the vulnerability of monosynaptic reflexes to higher frequencies increased, the required time for reflex recovery was extended, and recovery was often incomplete. Fatigability and demand for recovery of spinal motor neurons in SOD1G93A mice rose with increasing motor deficits. This supports the assumption that impairment of the energy supply may contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS. Muscle Nerve 43: 230–236, 2011
Subthreshold continuous electrical stimulation facilitates functional recovery of facial nerve after crush injury in rabbit
Authors: Kim Jin , Han Su Jin , Shin Dong Hyun , Lee Won‐sang , Choi Jae Young 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe sought to determine whether electrical stimulation (ES) with subthreshold, continuous, low‐frequency impulses is a viable clinical method for improving functional recovery after facial nerve crush injury. In 10 rabbits, bilateral crush injuries were made on the facial nerve by compression for 30 s with mosquito forceps, causing complete facial paralysis. Subthreshold continuous direct current ES with 20‐Hz square‐wave pulses was applied to the proximal stump on one side for 4 weeks. Vibrissae movement returned significantly earlier on the ES side, with a less variable recovery time. Electrophysiologically, the stimulated side had a significantly shorter latency, longer duration, and faster conduction velocity. Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the electrical stimulation also markedly decreased Wallerian degeneration. The average numbers of fluorescent, double‐labeled nerve cells were significantly different between the ES and non‐ES sides. This study shows that subthreshold, continuous, low‐frequency ES immediately after a crush injury of the facial nerve results in earlier recovery of facial function and shorter overall recovery time. Muscle Nerve 43: 251–258, 2011
Diagnostic utility of stimulated single‐fiber electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle in patients with suspected ocular myasthenia
Authors: Mercelis Rudy , Merckaert Virginie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStimulated single‐fiber electromyography (SSFEMG) is a valuable diagnostic tool in cases of myasthenia gravis with limited disease. From 1990 to 2008 SSFEMG in the orbicularis oculi muscle (OO) was performed in a cohort of 456 patients referred with clinical suspicion of myasthenia gravis (MG) and exclusively ocular symptoms. A diagnosis of MG was made on clinical grounds in 103 patients. In this patient cohort, the specificity of SSFEMG for myasthenia was 97%, and the sensitivity was 80%. MG patients with a normal SSFEMG had a benign clinical course. This study confirms a high specificity and sensitivity of SSFEMG when it is performed on patients suspected to have ocular MG. In such patients, a normal SSFEMG of the OO predicts a benign clinical course. Muscle Nerve 43: 168–170, 2011
Motor nerve conduction study in cauda equina with high‐voltage electrical stimulation in multifocal motor neuropathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Akaza Miho , Kanouchi Tadashi , Inaba Akira , Numasawa Yoshiyuki , Irioka Takashi , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Yokota Takanori 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study we aim to establish a motor nerve conduction study (NCS) for the cauda equina and examine its usefulness in multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). NCS of the tibial nerve proximal to the knee was performed with an optimized high‐voltage electrical stimulation (HV‐ES) method in 21 normal subjects, 5 with MMN, and 11 with ALS. HV‐ES, but not magnetic stimulation, could supramaximally stimulate the cauda equina. Cauda equina motor conduction time determined by HV‐ES, but not that with F‐waves, correlated well with cauda equina length on magnetic resonance imaging. HV‐ES revealed proximal lesions in 4 MMN patients but in none of the ALS patients. Importantly, 1 patient with “MMN without conduction block (CB)” had a CB in the cauda equina. Cauda equina motor conduction is better evaluated by HV‐ES than with F‐wave study or magnetic stimulation. HV‐ES can help to distinguish MMN and “MMN without CB” from ALS. Muscle Nerve 43: 274–282, 2011
Detection of fibrillations using muscle ultrasound: Diagnostic accuracy and identification of pitfalls
Authors: Alfen Nens Van , Nienhuis Mark , Zwarts Machiel J. , Pillen Sigrid 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe prospectively investigated the diagnostic accuracy and potential pitfalls of dynamic muscle ultrasound in the detection of fibrillations. The presence of fibrillations on both electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound was evaluated in 102 muscles of 38 patients with suspected fibrillation potentials, based on history and physical examination. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. False‐positive and false‐negative results are described to identify pitfalls. Ultrasound detected fibrillations with a sensitivity of 45% and a specificity of 66%. Specificity improved to 85% when measurements were evaluated online. Proximal muscles showed higher sensitivities (63%) than distal muscles (33%). Ultrasound currently has a poor sensitivity and moderate specificity for detecting fibrillations. Several pitfalls were identified that, when avoided, could help improve diagnostic accuracy. Ensuring a distal limb temperature of at least 34°C and identifying external movement artifacts as well as voluntary contractions can improve efficacy and open the way for diagnostic application of this technique. Muscle Nerve 43: 178–182, 2011
The choice of experimental models in cancer research: The key to ultimate success or failure?
Authors: Denekamp Juliana 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe technologies available for assessing the size and physiological status of malignant tumours are becoming more and more sophisticated. Some of these detect phenotypic biochemical alterations resulting from the genetic changes associated with malignant transformation. Many, however, monitor the abnormal relationship between the tumour mass and the host, detecting pathophysiological changes which result from the host/tumour interaction. The most important of these involve the microregional heterogeneities of nutrients resulting from diffusion patterns around abnormal, newly‐formed vascular networks, or inflammatory or immune responses of the host to the tumour. In order to validate new technologies for introduction to clinical medicine they are usually extensively tested in experimental models for cancer. The relevance of these models (whether in vitro cell cultures or experimental tumours) must be considered carefully at the outset, with the factors that influence the parameter being measured, e.g., oxygen or energy status, being given special attention. The genetic similarity of tumour and host, the site of tumour growth, the size of the tumour, the burden it imposes and the immunocompetence of the host are all important features of the experimental model. Inappropriate models may give totally misleading information which cannot be extrapolated to human cancers.
Practicalities of localization in animal and human tumours
Authors: Leach M. O. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFactors affecting the selection and application of localization methods for measuring tumours by NMR spectroscopy are considered, with particular regard to the S/N ratio and to contaminating signal from outside the volume of interest. Methods of assessing the performance of localization techniques are considered, and their importance for quantitative measurements and comparative studies is discussed.
Bioluminescence and fluoroscopic imaging of tissue pH and metabolites in experimental brain tumors of cat
Authors: Hossmann K.‐A. , Linn F. , Okada Y. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe regional distribution of ATP, glucose, lactate and tissue pH was studied by bioluminescence and fluoroscopic imaging of intact cryostat sections of implantation tumors of cat. In tumors, marked heterogeneity of metabolites and pH was present: in solid parts ATP was similar to normal brain but glucose tended to decrease with an increase in lactate and pH to above normal; in necrobiotic regions ATP declined and pH became acidic. In peritumoral edema, ATP was consistently decreased whereas glucose, lactate and pH increased above normal. Correlation of ATP with water revealed an inverse relationship both in tumor and peritumoral edema but correlation of water with pH was direct in edema and inverse in tumors. The associations and dissociations of lactate, ATP and pH are interpreted in terms of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, as well as in respect to the extracellular localization of tumor edema. The findings are of relevance for the interpretation of volume selective NMR spectra and stress the importance of precise volume localization for differentiating between edema and tumor‐mediated metabolic alterations.
Positron emission tomography for tumour assessment
Authors: Jones T. , Tilsley D. W. O. , Wilson C. B. J. H. , Lammertsma A. A. , Brown G. , Brady F. , Price P. M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAs positron emission tomography (PET) is outside of the main theme of this conference, it is necessary to outline what it offers as a method for assessing tissue function in vivo. This is followed by illustrations of how PET has and is being used to study the physiology and biochemistry of tumours and pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of anticancer agents. Strategies are offered as to how PET may be used for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.
Non‐invasive MRS in new anticancer drug development
Authors: Workman Paul , Maxwell Ross J. , Griffiths John R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the rational development of anticancer drugs it is important to employ all the available pharmacological information. Early clinical trials provide an opportunity for hypothesis testing. MRS techniques have the potential to provide valuable data on the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs non‐invasively. Here we illustrate advantages and pitfalls of MRS using studies of two fluorine‐containing cancer drugs: a β,β‐difluoro analogue of the alkylating agent chlorambucil and a fluorinated derivative of the nitroimidazole misonidazole, Ro 07–0741. Limitations include signal quenching via protein binding and inadequate sensitivity for more potent drugs like β,β‐difluorochlorambucil; but fluoromisonidazole was shown to accumulate in tumours and shows promise as a chemical probe for tumour hypoxia, detectable by 19F MRS.
Parental views on tissue banking in pediatric oncology patients
Authors: McMurter Britney , Parker Louise , Fraser Robert B. , Magee J. Fergall , Kozancyzn Christa , Fernandez Conrad V. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPurposeResearch using banked tissue is key to advancing risk‐stratification and treatment of children with cancer. Knowledge of parental attitudes to ethical issues arising in tissue banking is very limited but essential in obtaining respectful consent.MethodsOne hundred parents of consecutively diagnosed children with cancer were offered a validated 34‐item questionnaire.ResultsRespondents (n = 54) included 10 of 16 parents of deceased children. The majority (89%; n = 48) would agree to have tissue sent anywhere in the world but prefer pediatric aims (69%). Most (98%; n = 53) would permit genetic research, if it might improve the child's health, and 76% (n = 41) would permit it, even if no impact was anticipated. A minority (41%) would not allow painful, strictly research procedures, while 15% would regardless of the child's dissent. Just over half (54%; n = 29) wish to renew consent if stored tissue is used for another purpose. Most (98%) believe their child should confirm consent by the age of majority, but only 71% believe the mature child should be able to withdraw consent. A minority (n = 40; 74%) claim few or no rights to research profits; 83% believe these should be used to fund childhood cancer research.ConclusionsParents are very supportive of tissue research, including genetic research. A majority of parents would prefer restricting research to pediatric conditions, and to be informed of results, even if of uncertain significance. These findings may assist Institutional Review Boards in assessing parentally perceived risks of research, and researchers in providing consent elements that support parents and adolescents in making fully informed choices. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1217–1221. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Different outcome in older children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with different treatment protocols in the Netherlands
Authors: Boudestein Kris , Kamps Willem A. , Veerman Anjo J.P. , Pieters Rob 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundFrom 1991 until 2004 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the Netherlands were treated according to protocols ALL‐8 and ALL‐9 which were based on different principles. An earlier study showed that the outcome of adolescents highly differed on these protocols.ProcedureIn this retrospective study, we analyzed whether the outcome of older children 10–15 years of age at diagnosis differed between the Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster (BFM)‐based ALL‐8 regimen and the ALL‐9 regimen. Two hundred fifty‐four older children who were treated according to protocol ALL‐8 (n = 82) or ALL‐9 (n = 172) were included in the analysis.ResultsA higher 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rate was found for patients treated according to ALL‐8 compared to ALL‐9 (79 ± 5% vs. 65 ± 4%, P = 0.02). Patient characteristics did not differ except for a slightly higher age in ALL‐8. Therefore, additional analyses were done including only patients who were 12–15 years of age. In this age group there was also a difference in the 5‐year EFS (82 ± 5% vs. 61 ± 5%, P = 0.00) as well as in the 5‐year overall survival rate; 89 ± 4% compared to 68 ± 5%, respectively (P = 0.01). Major difference between protocols was the use of a consolidation and reinduction/intensification course and higher cumulative doses of asparaginase, methotrexate, and anthracyclines in ALL‐8.ConclusionsChildren 10–15 years of age have been undertreated with the ALL‐9 regimen and benefit by intensive treatment components as used in ALL‐8. We recommend using BFM‐based protocols for these older children with ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 17–22. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late effects in childhood cancer survivors: A review with a framing effect bias?
Authors: Fryer Christopher 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMost publications report the adverse (negative) health issues in childhood cancer survivors. Presenting information to the newly diagnosed patient in a positive manner is advocated, while noting that recurrence is the most likely adverse event. Re‐analysis of population‐based studies on life‐threatening toxicities from Nordic, Dutch, United Kingdom, French, Italian, and N. American publications shows that 5‐year survivors have a near normal life expectancy, 75% have no severe or life‐threatening treatment related toxicity and 87% remain free of a second malignancy. Children who received radiation or anthracycline >250–300 mg/m2 are at greatest risk for treatment related life‐threatening toxicities. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1100–1103. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of AlGaInN layers using X‐ray diffraction and fluorescence
Authors: Groh Lars , Hums Christoph , Bläsing Jürgen , Krost Alois , Dadgar Armin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractQuantum well structures for nitride‐based LEDs are mainly grown in c‐direction, whereby the quantum confined Stark‐effect (QCSE) reduces the overlap of the electron and hole wave function and with it the internal quantum efficiency. The reason for that is the difference in polarization of the quantum well and barrier materials. In order to balance these polarizations, quaternary (AlGaIn)N layers for the later use as barrier material have been grown. In addition to the bandgap energy, another parameter, the polarization, can be controlled in this way. As a standard characterization method X‐ray diffraction measurements have been performed. Due to the impossibility of fully determining the composition using this method, total reflection X‐ray‐fluorescence (TXRF) has been used to get the missing information.
Scanning electron microscopic changes in granulosa cells during follicular atresia in Caprine ovary
Authors: Bhardwaj J. K. , Sharma R. K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDuring this study, topographic changes in healthy and atretic granulosa cells have been investigated during follicular atresia in goat ovary. Under scanning electron microscopy atresia was marked by asymmetrical shrinkage and vacuolization of cytoplasm. The specific topographical alterations observed in atretic cells were loss of micro extensions, disruption of cell–cell interaction, and smooth‐textured membrane with a number of uneven depressions and ruffles. Some portions of the cell membrane were marked by extensive shrinkage due to condensation of cytosol. Irregular membrane at occasions was studded with blunt microextensions. The findings of present investigation will help in understanding the cellular changes in granulosa cells during follicular atresia and will find applications in screening of follicles for in vitro culture, in vitro fertilization and Embryo transfer technology. SCANNING 33: 21–24, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Online evaluation of fetal second‐trimester four‐chamber view images: a comparison of six evaluation methods
Authors: Jaudi S. , Tezenas Du Montcel S. , Fries N. , Nizard J. , Halley Desfontaines V. , Dommergues M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare six online evaluation methods for auditing routine second‐trimester four‐chamber view still images.MethodsWe evaluated three different scoring grids (subjective, five‐item score and seven‐item score), which were applied with or without access to online help, resulting in a total of six evaluation methods. For the subjective scoring grid, images were rated as excellent, good, fair, poor or very poor. For the five‐item score, 1 point was allocated for visualization (vs non‐visualization or non‐evaluable) of each of: heart crux, atria, ventricles, apex and aorta, yielding a score of 0–5. For the seven‐item score, 1 point was allocated for clear (vs unclear) visualization of each of: moderator band at the apex, interventricular septum, atrioventricular valves, non‐linear insertion of atrioventricular valves (normal offset), septum primum, aorta and pulmonary vein. Each evaluation method was used via the Internet by three randomly selected reviewers, who evaluated the same set of 80 images. Reviewers were experienced in fetal ultrasound, but were not involved in the design of the study. Interrater agreement was the main outcome.ResultsThe five‐item scoring grid with online help achieved the best interrater agreement (interrater intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.7).ConclusionsEvaluation of the second‐trimester sonographic four‐chamber view is apparently best achieved with a simple five‐item scoring grid. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.