bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between framing of the research question using the PICOT format and reporting quality of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rios Lorena P , Ye Chenglin , Thabane Lehana 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Experts recommend formulating a structured research question to guide the research design. However, the basis for this recommendation has not been formally evaluated. The aim of this study was to examine if a structured research question using the PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Time-frame) format is associated with a better reporting quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods
We evaluated 89 RCTs reports published in three endocrinology journals in 2005 and 2006, the quality of reporting of which was assessed in a previous study. We examined whether the reports stated each of the five elements of a structured research question: population, intervention, comparator, outcome and time-frame. A PICOT score was created with a possible score between 0 and 5. Outcomes were: 1) a 14-point overall reporting quality score (OQS) based on the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials; and 2) a 3-point key score (KS), based on allocation concealment, blinding and use of intention-to-treat analysis. We conducted multivariable regression analyses using generalized estimating equations to determine if a higher PICOT score or the use of a structured research question were independently associated with a better reporting quality. Journal of publication, funding source and sample size were identified as factors associated with OQS in our previous report on this dataset, and therefore included in the model.

Results
A higher PICOT score was independently associated with OQS (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.021, 95% CI: 1.012 to 1.029) and KS (IRR = 1.142, 95% CI: 1.079 to 1.210). A structured research question was present in 33.7% of the reports and it was associated with a better OQS (IRR = 1.095, 95% CI 1.059-1.132) and KS (IRR = 1.530, 95% CI 1.311-1.786).

Conclusions
Better framing of the research question using the PICOT format is independently associated with better overall reporting quality - although the effect is small - and better reporting of key methodologies.
Feasibility study to inform the design of a randomised controlled trial to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in individuals with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hickey Helen R , Jones Ashley P , Lenney Warren , Williamson Paula R , Smyth Rosalind L 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
There are controversies about the most effective treatment to eradicate first growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa) from the lower airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). UK guidelines recommend oral treatment, but some advocate intravenous (IV) treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial comparing two treatment strategies to eradicate P aeruginosa in CF patients.

Methods/Principal Findings
Two surveys were conducted. Survey [1] included clinicians who were responsible for the treatment of individuals with CF, to assess their clinical practice, opinions and numbers of potentially eligible patients. Survey [2] included adults and young people aged 13 years or more with CF and parents of children with CF aged less than 13 years, identified at six UK CF centres, who fulfilled eligibility criteria for the proposed clinical trial, to assess their views about the interventions and their willingness to participate in the trial. Generally clinicians treat first or new growth of P aeruginosa with oral antibiotics, but 90% reported that they would consider IV treatment of first isolation of P aeruginosa. 74% of clinicians would consider recruiting their patients and 45% of consumers would consider entry for themselves or their children into a trial comparing oral with intravenous antibiotics. The median rate per annum for first or new growths of P aeruginosa in adults was 3% (range 1% to 9%) and in children was 10% (range 3% to 23%). If the trial was conducted across the UK, with a consent rate of 45%, then the number of eligible patients per annum who would be willing to take part in a study would be approximately 41 adults and 203 children.

Conclusions
This work demonstrates the importance of feasibility studies in preparation for multicentre clinical trials. It confirmed the uncertainty amongst clinicians and patients about the clinical question, enabled assessment of the number of potentially eligible patients, the proportion of patients and clinicians prepared to participate and aspects of trial design which might encourage this. It showed that a clinical trial was feasible, but only if patients were recruited from across United Kingdom.
Systematic Construction of Porous Coordination Pillared-layer Structures and Their Sorption Properties
Authors: Sakamoto Hirotoshi , Kitaura Ryo , Matsuda Ryotaro , Kitagawa Susumu , Kubota Yoshiki , Takata Masaki 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Two novel coordination polymers, {[Cu2(pzdc)2L]·mH2O}n where pzdc is pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate and L is 2,7-diazapyrene (CPL-3) and 1,2-azopyridine (CPL-4), respectively, having 3D pillared-layer structure were prepared and the compounds showed gas adsorption properties depending on L.
Facile Surface Functionalization of Polystyrene Substrates with Biomimetic Apatite by Utilizing Serum Proteins
Authors: Hashizume Mineo , Sakai Atsushi , Sakamoto Yuri , Matsuno Hisao , Serizawa Takeshi 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Serum proteins such as human serum albumin and human immunoglobulin G can induce heterogeneous nucleation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) in body fluid conditions, which make it possible for them to act as mediators to deposit HAp on polystyrene (PS) surfaces when they are immobilized on PS surfaces by physical adsorption. The present system for preparation of HAp-coated PS surfaces is simple and conversion of PS chemical structures does not occur, so that it can be applicable to various polymer surfaces having protein adsorption ability.
Highly Chemoselective Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds Using a Hydrotalcite-supported Silver-nanoparticle Catalyst under a CO Atmosphere
Authors: Mikami Yusuke , Noujima Akifumi , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Hydrotalcite-supported silver nanoparticles (Ag/HT) acted as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds using CO/H2O as a reducing reagent. The Ag/HT catalyst system showed complete chemoselectivity for nitro groups in the presence of inter- and intra-molecular olefinic functionalities. Moreover, Ag/HT was reusable without any loss of its activity or selectivity.
Synthesis of Lipophilic Gold Nanosheets by Using Reducing Stabilizers and Their Reversible Transformation between Golden Solid
Authors: Kuwahara Rempei , Kuroiwa Keita , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
4,5-Dialkylated o-phenylenediamine with oligo(ethylene glycol) units is developed as a stabilizer with reducing property. It reduces chloroauric acid in water, giving lipophilic gold nanosheets whose surface is passivated by the quinoid-form ligands generated in situ. These nanosheets show brilliant golden luster in the solid state, whereas they are reversibly dispersible in organic media.
An Excellent Method for Cbz-protection of Amines
Authors: Vanlaldinpuia Khiangte , Sema H Atoholi , Rokhum Lalthazuala , Bez Ghanashyam 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Cbz-protection of aliphatic and aromatic amines can be accomplished with benzylchloroformate using a catalytic amount of dodecatungstophosphoric acid hydrate (0.05 equiv). The reaction is simple, fast, does not require aqueous work-up and gives excellent yields.
Photochromic Reaction of a Novel Room Temperature Ionic Liquid: 2-Phenylazo-1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)amide
Authors: Kawai Akio , Kawamori Daiki , Monji Tomoo , Asaka Tooru , Akai Nobuyuki , Shibuya Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We synthesized a new room temperature ionic liquid, [2PA-Hmim][Pf2N], and characterized the photochromic behavior by absorption spectroscopy. [2PA-Hmim][Pf2N] was found to be a photochromic liquid where solvent itself undergoes photochromic reaction.
Acceleration of Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Olefins over Pd/C by Cinchonidine as a Chiral Modifier. Comparison with Cinchonine, Pseudoenantiomer
Authors: Sugimura Takashi , Ogawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The performance of cinchonidine (CD) and cinchonine (CN) as chiral modifiers in enantioselective hydrogenation over Pd/C were compared in different concentrations. The catalytic hydrogenation with CD always occurred in better ee and at faster rate than that with CN. The difference is not attributable to the adsorption properties of the modifiers, but to the intrinsic enantio differentiation that accompanies the reaction acceleration.
Tri(quaternary ammonium) Surfactant with a Benzene Core as a Novel Template for Synthesis of Ordered Porous Silica
Authors: Fukasawa Yuki , Sugawara Ayae , Hirahara Hirotomo , Shimojima Atsushi , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A novel rigid-core surfactant where three trimethylammonium heads are attached to a benzene core via flexible hydrocarbon chains was examined as a template for synthesizing ordered porous silica. A well-ordered 2D hexagonal silica structure with relatively small pores was generated owing to the formation of the stable mesophase where the surfactants were stacked to form cylindrical assemblies.
Fabrication of Metal–Polymer Nanocomposite with Beaded Structures Using Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina Template
Authors: Kondo Toshiaki , Nishio Kazuyuki , Masuda Hideki 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The fabrication of nanocomposites consisting of uniform-sized metal nanoparticles arranged at uniform intervals in a fibrous polymer matrix is described. The combined process of metal deposition into periodic holes in anodic porous alumina and polymer injection into the holes yielded metal (Au, Ag)–polymer composite structures. In the obtained composition, metal nanoparticles are arranged at equal spaces in a fibrous polymer matrix.
Synthesis and Photochemistry of Stilbene Ionic Liquids
Authors: Tamura Hiroyasu , Shinohara Yoshihiro , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Ionic liquids having a photoresponsive stilbene chromophore were prepared and their properties were examined. While the trans isomers were all solid, most of the cis isomers were liquid at room temperature. The trans isomers give fluorescence emission with a quantum yield of ca. 0.02, while the cis isomers practically give no fluorescence. Thus, we could photochemically switch the properties of ionic liquid as well as emission properties by photochemical processes.
Living Polymerization of Phenylacetylene Catalyzed by a Cationic Rh Complex Bearing Tetrafluorobenzobarrelene
Authors: Shiotsuki Masashi , Onishi Naoya , Sanda Fumio , Masuda Toshio 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Living polymerization of phenylacetylene (PA) was achieved with new catalyst systems composed of a cationic rhodium complex, [(tfb)Rh(PPh3)2]BPh4 (2, tfb = tetrafluorobenzobarrelene) and amines as cocatalysts. Applying i-PrNH2 as a cocatalyst, the PDI of the formed poly(PA) was as small as 1.09. Kinetic plots and multistage polymerization proved the livingness of the present polymerization.
A Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Allyl Iodides from Baylis–Hillman Adducts: A Facile Synthesis of Semiplenamide D
Authors: Das Biswanath , Srinivas Yallamalla , Sudhakar Chithaluri , Damodar Kongara , Reddy Parigi Raghavendar 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Treatment of Baylis–Hillman adducts with Et3SiH/I2 in CHCl3 at room temperature afforded the (Z)- and (E)-allyl iodides in stereoselective manner. The products are formed in excellent yields within 5 min. The method has successfully been utilized for synthesis of natural bioactive fatty acid amide, semiplenamide D.
Preparation of Nanoaggregates through Self-assembly of Amphiphilic Polyrotaxane Composed of PLLA–PEG–PLLA Triblock Copolymer and α-Cyclodextrins
Authors: Nagahama Koji , Ohmura Junpei , Sakaue Hiromi , Ouchi Tatsuro , Ohya Yuichi , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
An amphiphilic polyrotaxane (PRX) composed of biodegradable triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), PLLA–PEG–PLLA, and many α-cyclodextrins (α-CD) threaded on the triblock copolymer was successfully synthesized. The PRX was found to be self-assembled into vesicle-like water-soluble nanoaggregates in an aqueous solution.
Self-assembly of Zn(II) Porphyrin–1,2,3-Triazole Conjugate with Alcohol Glue
Authors: Toganoh Motoki , Harada Hiroyuki , Ikawa Yoshiya , Furuta Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A Zn(II) porphyrin–1,2,3-triazole conjugate (1-Zn), which can be prepared by click chemistry, afforded a unique self-assembled structure with methanol molecules as glue in the crystals and in toluene solution. The resulting assembled units form a zigzag architecture due to multipoint CH–π interactions in the solid state.
Childhood Obesity and Impulsivity: An Investigation With Performance-Based Measures
Authors: Verbeken Sandra , Braet Caroline , Claus Line , Nederkoorn Chantal , Oosterlaan Jaap 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe study investigated whether obese children are more impulsive than lean children, taking into account the multidimensionality of the construct. Responses of 41 overweight children were compared to those of 40 lean children. The Stop Task, Circle Drawing Task and Opposite Worlds Task were administered to measure executive inhibitory control, and the Maudsley Index of Childhood Delay Aversion and the Door Opening Task were administered to measure motivational inhibitory control. On the Stop Task, the overweight children showed less inhibitory control. On the Opposite Worlds task, we found no significant difference, whereas on the Circle Drawing Task an unexpected group difference was found. Although on the Door Opening Task the overweight children showed greater reward sensitivity, they were equally motivated to wait on the Maudsley Index of Childhood Delay. We conclude that the findings were different depending on the measure used, but that they suggest that overweight children can be characterised by a decrease in executive and motivational inhibitory control.
A Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Overweight and Obese Adolescents Illustrated by Four Case Studies
Authors: Brennan Leah , Walkley Jeff , Lukeis Sarah , Risteska Anica , Archer Lisa , Digre Ellen , Fraser Steve , Greenway Kate 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article reports four case studies illustrating the implementation of the ChooseHealthProgram, a cognitive behavioural lifestyle intervention for overweight and obese adolescents. Participants were an overweight (12 years) and obese (15 years) female, and an overweight (14 years) and obese (12 years) male. The program was delivered by provisional psychologists with program specific training and supervision. All participants demonstrated improvements in body composition, and maintained or improved dietary quality and psychosocial wellbeing. The program had variable effects on physical activity and minimal effect on cardiovascular fitness for three of the four participants. While parents and adolescents required considerable assistance to develop and monitor long term program goals, these goals were a useful clinical tool to support the adolescent and parent to recognise the improvements they had made. Identification and monitoring of specific, measurable, and realistic behaviour change strategies was particularly important in assisting adolescents and their parents to translate session information into improved health behaviours. Results indicate that an adolescent overweight and obesity treatment program that promotes adolescent responsibility and autonomy, and emphasises the importance of parent support and family change is both effective and highly acceptable to both adolescents and parents.
Brief Behavioural Activation Treatment of Chronic Anxiety in an Older Adult
Authors: Turner Jarrod S. , Leach David J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA 64-year-old male who met criteria for social and generalised anxiety was treated using a brief behavioural activation (BA) approach. The intervention was delivered in twelve weekly 60-minute individual sessions. The effects of the intervention were assessed using a simple A-B-C phase change with repeated measurement design. Change in reported anxiety was recorded across phases. Decreased scores in self-reported anxiety measures were obtained and significant clinical improvement was maintained during a 4-month no treatment maintenance phase. This preliminary investigation suggests BA could be an efficient and effective treatment for anxiety and that replications are warranted.
WiseNET: An Ultra Low-Power Concept for Wireless Sensor NetworksWiseNET: Ein Ultra-Low-Power-Konzept für drahtlose Sensornetzwerke
Authors: Decotignie Jean-Dominique , Enz Christian , Peiris Vincent , Hübner Michel 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The WiseNET system includes an ultra low-power system-on-chip (SoC) hardware platform, WiseMAC, a low power medium access control protocol (MAC) dedicated to duty-cycled radios and a cluster-tree routing protocol. These elements have been designed to meet the specific requirements of wireless sensor networks and are particularly well suited to ad-hoc and hybrid networks. The WiseNET radio offers dual-band operation (434 MHz and 868 MHz) and runs from a single 1.5-V battery. It consumes only 2.5 mW in receive mode with a sensitivity smaller than -108 dBm at a BER of 10-3 and for a 100-kb/s data rate. In addition to this low-power radio, the WiseNET system-on-chip (SoC) also includes all the functions required for data acquisition, processing and storage of the information provided by the sensors. Ultra-low power consumption with the WiseNET system is achieved thanks to the combination of the low power consumption of the transceiver and the high energy efficiency of the WiseMAC protocol. The WiseNET solution consumes more than 250 times less power than comparable solutions based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
Hierarchical Modeling of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Survival as a Function of Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Water Exports
Authors: Newman Ken B. , Brandes Patricia L. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A multiyear study was carried out in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta system to examine the relationship between the survival of out-migrating Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and the amount of water exported from the system by the two major pumping stations in the southern portion of the delta. Paired releases of groups of coded-wire-tagged juvenile late-fall-run Chinook salmon were made at two locations in the delta, one in the main-stem Sacramento River and one in the interior portion of the delta where they were more likely to be directly affected by the pumping stations. Shortly after release, the fish were recovered downstream by a midwater trawl, and over a 2–4-year period the fish were recovered in ocean fishery catches and spawning ground surveys. A Bayesian hierarchical model for the recoveries was fit that explicitly accounted for the between-release variation in survival and capture probabilities as well as the sampling variation in the recoveries. The survival of the interior delta releases was considerably lower than that of main-steam releases (mean ratio of survival probabilities, 0.35). The ratio of survival probabilities was negatively associated with water export levels, but various model selection criteria gave more (or nearly equal) weight to simpler models that excluded exports. However, the signal-to-noise ratio, defined in terms of the export effect relative to environmental variation, was very low, and this could explain the indeterminacy in the results of the model selection procedures. Many more years of data would be needed to more precisely estimate the export effect. Whatever the factors that adversely affect survival through the interior delta, the fraction of out-migrants that enter the interior delta needs to be estimated in order to determine the overall effect of water exports on out-migrating Sacramento river Chinook salmon.
Estimating Survival and Migration Route Probabilities of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
Authors: Perry Russell W. , Skalski John R. , Brandes Patricia L. , Sandstrom Philip T. , Klimley A. Peter , Ammann Arnold , MacFarlane Bruce 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha emigrating from natal tributaries of the Sacramento River must negotiate the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, a complex network of natural and man-made channels linking the Sacramento River with San Francisco Bay. Natural processes and water management actions affect the fractions of the population using the different migration routes through the delta and survival within those routes. However, estimating these demographic parameters is difficult using traditional mark–recapture techniques, which depend on the physical recapture of fish (e.g., coded wire tags). Thus, our goals were to (1) develop a mark–recapture model to explicitly estimate the survival and migration route probabilities for each of four migration routes through the delta, (2) link these route-specific probabilities to population-level survival, and (3) apply this model to the first available acoustic telemetry data of smolt migration through the delta. The point estimate of survival through the delta for 64 tagged fish released in December 2006 (Ŝdelta = 0.351; SE = 0.101) was lower than that for 80 tagged fish released in January 2007 (Ŝdelta = 0.543; SE = 0.070). We attributed the observed difference in survival between releases to differences in survival for given migration routes and changes in the proportions of fish using the different routes. Our study shows how movements among, and survival within, migration routes interact to influence population-level survival through the delta. Thus, concurrent estimation of both route-specific migration and survival probabilities is critical to understanding the factors affecting population-level survival in a spatially complex environment such as the delta.