bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The image of, or in, sublation
Authors: Cassar Ignaz 
Published: April 2011

Following thinkers of the archive such as Derrida, Foucault and Groys, among others, one of the ethical functions of the archive is to enable differentiation: to do archival work is to unlock difference. Yet how is one to deem the archival content outside of those moments in which we
deliberately engage with it? More specifically, how is one to think the spectatorial relation to images that, assigned to the sequestered space of the archive, remain most of the time without spectators?
In approaching the archival mode through the philosophical lens of sublation and its
Hegelian precursor of Aufhebung that performs alteration through preservation-as-cancellation, this essay sets out to articulate a phenomenology of the archived photograph as an image of, or in, sublation. Exploring the fragile dynamics at stake between the archived and its non-archived
outside, emphasis is laid on the critical contradictions inherent in the logics of archivization: seeking to preserve its documents, the archive cannot do so without also provoking further differentiation.
Towards a radically different understanding of experience: Looking for an heautonomous auditory field in film
Authors: Huvenne Martine 
Published: April 2011

What can be the status of sound in film? Is sound always dependent on image in film? Or is it possible to give sound a more autonomous status? If yes, what are the consequences for the workflow?In the 1980s and early 1990s two opposing propositions about the relation of the audible and the visible in film were presented. For Michel Chion the auditory field is completely a function of what appears on screen and for Gilles Deleuze the externality of the visual image as uniquely framed has been replaced by the interstice between two framings, the visual and the sound.Introducing the auditory field as multi-layered, dynamic, experienced and embodied, the author proposes a phenomenological approach of the audio-visual that moves towards a different understanding of the filmic experience, which has its roots in a phenomenology of auditory experience. In the practice-based research project,Surrounded, the author explored together with sound designer and sound mixer Griet Van Reeth, how the creative process of film-making can start from the auditory field, including inner sound and a heautonomy of the auditory field.
Synthesis of recombinant high density lipoprotein with apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-V
Authors: Zhang Xinbo , Chen Baosheng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt has been shown that apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) over-expression significantly lowers plasma triglyceride levels and decreases atherosclerotic lesion development. To assess the feasibility of recombinant high density lipoprotein (rHDL) reconstituted with apoA-V and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) as a therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemic disorder and atherosclerosis, a series of rHDL were synthesizedin vitrowith various mass ratios of recombinant apoA-I and apoA-V. It is interesting to find that apoA-V of rHDL had no effect on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activationin vitroand very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) clearance in HepG2 cells andin vivo. By contrast, LPL activation and VLDL clearance were inhibited by the addition of apoA-V to rHDL. Furthermore, the apoA-V of rHDL could not redistribute from rHDL to VLDL after incubation at 37°C for 30 min. These findings suggest that an increase of apoA-V in rHDL could not play a role in VLDL clearancein vitroandin vivo, which could, at least in part, attribute to the lost redistribution of apoA-V from rHDL to VLDL and LPL binding ability of apoA-V in rHDL. The therapeutic application of rHDL reconstituted with apoA-V and apoA-I might need the construction of rHDL from which apoA-V could freely redistribute to VLDL.
In vitro conversion and seeded fibrillization of posttranslationally modified prion protein
Authors: Stöhr Jan , Elfrink Kerstin , Weinmann Nicole , Wille Holger , Willbold Dieter , Birkmann Eva , Riesner Detlev 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe conversion of the cellular isoform of the prion protein (PrPC) into the pathologic isoform (PrPSc) is the key event in prion diseases. To study the conversion process, anin vitrosystem based on varying the concentration of low amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been employed. In the present study, the conversion of full-length PrPCisolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-PrPC) was examined. CHO-PrPCharbors native, posttranslational modifications, including the GPI anchor and two N-linked glyco-sylation sites. The properties of CHO-PrPCwere compared with those of full-length and N-terminally truncated recombinant PrP. As shown earlier with recombinant PrP (recPrP90-231), transition from a soluble α-helical state as known for native PrPCinto an aggregated, β-sheet-rich PrPSc-like state could be induced by dilution of SDS. The aggregated state is partially proteinase K (PK)-resistant, exhibiting a cleavage site similar to that found with PrPSc. Compared to recPrP (90-231), fibril formation with CHO-PrPCrequires lower SDS concentrations (0.0075%), and can be drastically accelerated by seeding with PrPScpurified from brain homogenates of terminally sick hamsters. Our results show that recPrP 90-231 and CHO-PrPC behave qualitatively similar but quantitatively different. Thein vivosituation can be simulated closer with CHO-PrPCbecause the specific PK cleave site could be shown and the seed-assisted fibrillization was much more efficient.
Influence of Curing Time on the Resilient Modulus of Chemically Stabilized Soils
Authors: Pinilla Juan D. , Miller Gerald A. , Cerato Amy B. , Snethen Donald S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractResearch was conducted to investigate the influence of soil properties, additive type and curing time on the resilient modulus (MR) of chemically stabilized soils. Interest in characterizing the rate of MR improvement through curing time was the primary motivation for this study. Soils stabilized with cement kiln dust and Class C fly ash were collected at five construction sites in Oklahoma. Specimens were prepared at optimum compaction parameters and tested after various curing periods; a total of 58 MR tests were performed. Properties of both soils and admixtures were evaluated in order to correlate those with the enhanced behavior of the mixed soils measured as improved MR values. Regression equations were developed so that MR evolution with time could be quantitatively described. After 28 days of curing, tested soils showed improved MR values ranging from 7 to 46 times larger than those of untreated soil. Rates of improvement were characterized using a power type regression analysis. Although data are limited, correlations between improvement rate (Rt) and raw soil properties including fines fraction, pH, and to a lesser extent, specific surface area and cation exchange capacity, indicate these factors show promise as predictors of MR improvement with time.
Development of Botanical Pesticides for Public Health
Authors: Paluch Gretchen , Bradbury Rod , Bessette Steven 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Pesticide science is faced with a growing demand for green or sustainable pesticide chemistries that offer reduced risks to human health and the environment. Efforts are placed on the development of new pesticides containing novel active ingredients and/or formulations from natural sources. These products continue to drive innovation and have been proven to present effective alternatives to conventional pesticides. The use of botanical extracts for management of arthropods can be traced back through centuries, and their biological properties continue to be explored in the scientific literature. Many of the terpenoid compounds contained in plant essential oil extracts are capable of eliciting strong inhibitory effects against arthropods in laboratory settings; however, effective delivery can pose many challenges in the formulation process including selection of active ingredients, emulsifiers, spreaders, and other necessary components. Recent data demonstrates that select botanical terpenes/plant essential oils can control public health pests under field and laboratory settings, but current products may not necessarily encompass the full potential of their active ingredients. Further research continues to improve on botanical formulations and offer new approaches, such as microencapsulation, for use in product development. These findings highlight improvements in the formulation of plant essential oil active ingredients, and provide support for using botanicals to control public health pests.
The Interaction of the Dipeptide Carnosine With Alkali Metal Ions Studied by Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Menges Fabian , Riehn Christoph , Niedner-Schatteburg Gereon 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The complexation of alkali metal ions and the proton X+ (X=H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) by β-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine, Car) was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and MS/MS fragmentation studies. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) breakdown curves were recorded and the resulting apparent activation energies were compared to DFT calculations of binding energies at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level of theory. Additionally, the influence of metal complexation on hydrogen/deuterium exchange of CarX+ with D2O was tested. Our investigations characterize the structures of Car-alkali complexes and elucidate the interaction with the differently sized solvated metal cations.
Phase Behaviour of CoCl2-MnCl2Mixed Crystals
Authors: Davaasambuu Jav , Güthoff Friedrich , Hoelzel Markus , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Radulescu Aurel , Eckold Götz 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThermal properties of CoCl2, MnCl2and their mixed crystals are investigated by means of temperature dependent neutron powder diffraction and time-resolved small angle neutron scattering. The coefficients of thermal expansion of these crystals have been determined as a function of temperature. The temperature-induced structural variations can be explained by distortions of CoCl6/MnCl6octahedra and changes in Co/Mn–Cl bond lengths. CoCl2and MnCl2form homogeneous solid solutions in the entire temperature range between the solidus and 50 K. There is no indication of any miscibility gap as predicted from thermodynamic calculations.
Desmoid Tumors: Clinical Features and Treatment Options for Advanced Disease
Authors: Kasper Bernd , Ströbel Philipp , Hohenberger Peter 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Desmoid tumors describe a rare monoclonal, fibroblastic proliferation characterized by a variable and often unpredictable clinical course. Although histologically benign, desmoids are locally invasive and associated with a high local recurrence rate, but lack metastatic potential. On the molecular level, desmoids are characterized by mutations in the β-catenin gene, CTNNB1, or the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, APC. Proof of a CTNNB1 mutation may be useful when the pathological differential diagnosis is difficult and location might be predictive for disease recurrence.
Many issues regarding the optimal treatment of patients with desmoids remain controversial; however, surgery is the therapeutic mainstay, except if mutilating and associated with considerable function loss. Postoperative radiotherapy reduces the local recurrence rate, in cases of involved surgical margins. Because of the heterogeneity of the biological behavior of desmoids, including long periods of stable disease or even spontaneous regression, treatment needs to be individualized to optimize local tumor control and preserve patients' quality of life. Therefore, the application of a multidisciplinary assessment with multimodality treatment forms the basis of care for these patients. Watchful waiting may be the most appropriate management in selected asymptomatic patients. Patients with desmoids located at the mesentery or in the head and neck region could present with life-threatening complications and often need more aggressive treatment. This review describes treatment options and management strategies for patients with desmoid tumors with a focus on advanced disease.
Metformin Inhibits Nuclear Receptor TR4–Mediated Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Gene Expression With Altered Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Kim Eungseok , Liu Ning-Chun , Yu I-Chen , Lin Hung-Yun , Lee Yi-Fen , Sparks Janet D. , Chen Lu-Min , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE
TR4 is a nuclear receptor without clear pathophysiological roles. We investigated the roles of hepatic TR4 in the regulation of lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in vivo and in vitro.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
TR4 activity and phosphorylation assays were carried out using hepatocytes and various TR4 wild-type and mutant constructs. Liver tissues from TR4 knockout, C57BL/6, and db/db mice were examined to investigate TR4 target gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) 1 regulation.

RESULTS
TR4 transactivation is inhibited via phosphorylation by metformin-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at the amino acid serine 351, which results in the suppression of SCD1 gene expression. Additional mechanistic dissection finds TR4-transactivated SCD1 promoter activity via direct binding to the TR4-responsive element located at −243 to −255 on the promoter region. The pathophysiological consequences of the metformin→AMPK→TR4→SCD1 pathway are examined via TR4 knockout mice and primary hepatocytes with either knockdown or overexpression of TR4. The results show that the suppression of SCD1 via loss of TR4 resulted in reduced fat mass and increased insulin sensitivity with increased β-oxidation and decreased lipogenic gene expression.

CONCLUSIONS
The pathway from metformin→AMPK→TR4→SCD1→insulin sensitivity suggests that TR4 may function as an important modulator to control lipid metabolism, which sheds light on the use of small molecules to modulate TR4 activity as a new alternative approach to battle the metabolic syndrome.
Fasting-Induced Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit Contributes to Postprandial Blood Glucose Homeostasis via Regulation of Hepatic Glycogenesis
Authors: Luo Xiaolin , Zhang Yongxian , Ruan Xiangbo , Jiang Xiaomeng , Zhu Lu , Wang Xiao , Ding Qiurong , Liu Weizhong , Pan Yi , Wang Zhenzhen , Chen Yan 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE
Most animals experience fasting–feeding cycles throughout their lives. It is well known that the liver plays a central role in regulating glycogen metabolism. However, how hepatic glycogenesis is coordinated with the fasting–feeding cycle to control postprandial glucose homeostasis remains largely unknown. This study determines the molecular mechanism underlying the coupling of hepatic glycogenesis with the fasting–feeding cycle.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Through a series of molecular, cellular, and animal studies, we investigated how PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), is implicated in regulating hepatic glycogenesis and glucose homeostasis in a manner tightly orchestrated with the fasting–feeding cycle.

RESULTS
PPP1R3G in the liver is upregulated during fasting and downregulated after feeding. PPP1R3G associates with glycogen pellet, interacts with the catalytic subunit of PP1, and regulates glycogen synthase (GS) activity. Fasting glucose level is reduced when PPP1R3G is overexpressed in the liver. Hepatic knockdown of PPP1R3G reduces postprandial elevation of GS activity, decreases postprandial accumulation of liver glycogen, and decelerates postprandial clearance of blood glucose. Other glycogen-targeting regulatory subunits of PP1, such as PPP1R3B, PPP1R3C, and PPP1R3D, are downregulated by fasting and increased by feeding in the liver.

CONCLUSIONS
We propose that the opposite expression pattern of PPP1R3G versus other PP1 regulatory subunits comprise an intricate regulatory machinery to control hepatic glycogenesis during the fasting–feeding cycle. Because of its unique expression pattern, PPP1R3G plays a major role to control postprandial glucose homeostasis during the fasting–feeding transition via its regulation on liver glycogenesis.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Hepatic Steatosis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in People With Type 2 Diabetes: the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study
Authors: Williamson Rachel M. , Price Jackie F. , Glancy Stephen , Perry Elisa , Nee Lisa D. , Hayes Peter C. , Frier Brian M. , Van Look Liesbeth A.F. , Johnston Geoffrey I. , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Strachan Mark W.J. ,   on behalf of the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study Investigators
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes is an established risk factor for development of hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical correlates of these conditions in a large cohort of people with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 939 participants, aged 61–76 years, from the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (ET2DS)—a large, randomly selected population of people with type 2 diabetes—underwent liver ultrasonography. Ultrasound gradings of steatosis were compared with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a subgroup. NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis in the absence of a secondary cause (screened by questionnaire assessing alcohol and hepatotoxic medication use, plasma hepatitis serology, autoantibodies and ferritin, and record linkage to determine prior diagnoses of liver disease). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze independent associations of characteristics with NAFLD.

RESULTS
Hepatic steatosis was present in 56.9% of participants. After excluding those with a secondary cause for steatosis, the prevalence of NAFLD in the study population was 42.6%. Independent predictors of NAFLD were BMI, lesser duration of diabetes, HbA1c, triglycerides, and metformin use. These remained unchanged after exclusion of participants with evidence of hepatic fibrosis from the group with no hepatic steatosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Prevalences of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD were high in this unselected population of older people with type 2 diabetes, but lower than in studies in which ultrasound gradings were not compared with a gold standard. Associations with features of the metabolic syndrome could be used to target screening for this condition.
Fusarium Sporotrichioides Sherb. Toxins Evaluated in Cereal Grain with Trichoderma Harzianum
Authors: Wiśniewska Halina , Basiński Tomasz , Chełkowski Jerzy , Perkowski Juliusz 
Published: April 2011

Fusarium SporotrichioidesSherb. Toxins Evaluated in Cereal Grain withTrichoderma HarzianumFusariumhead blight is one of the most severe diseases of small grain cereals and is caused by several toxigenicFusariumspecies. Yield losses and mycotoxin accumulation in grain are caused by the disease.F. sporotrichioidesandF. poaeproduce type A trichothecenes. Saprophyte fungal antagonists, especiallyTrichoderma harzianum, are effective biocontrol agents against several fungal soil-borne plant pathogens. These fungal antagonists can reduce the production ofFusariumspp. mycotoxins in some crop plants. The aim of this study was to examine the influence ofT. harzianumAN4 on the production of type A trichothecenes byF. sporotrichioidesin cereals. The accumulation of six trichothecene mycotoxins (scirpentriol,i.e.STO, T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, HT-2 toxini.e., HT-2, T-2 toxini.e., T-2, diacetoxyscirpenol,i.e., DAS) was reduced on average, by over 89% in bioassays ofF. sporotrichioidesandTrichodermaisolate AN4 on a liquid medium and on solid substrates (seeds of naked and husked oats and wheat). The reduction in our experiments depended on fungal isolate and substrate. From the three isolates ofF. sporotrichioidesused in the experiments, the highest accumulation of all the metabolites after 21 days byF. sporotrichioidesin nearly all substrates, was recorded for strain ZFR 159. On the liquid medium inoculated withF. sporotrichioidesZFR 159, the amount of type A trichothecenes was the lowest (STO, T-2 tetraol, and T-2 triol not detected, HT-2 toxin 0.02 ppm, DAS 0.10 ppm, T-2 toxin 0.99 ppm). The highest total concentration of these toxins was produced by this isolate in husked oat cv. German (180.16 ppm), but in naked oat cv. Akt the toxin concentration was low (27.62 ppm). Trichothecene accumulation byT. harzianumAN4 was reduced the most in oat cv. Akt (98.48%) in the liquid medium (98.22%), while the lowest reduction was in oat cv. German (48.77%). The non-toxigenicT. harzianumAN4 isolate proved to be a useful biocontrol agent against the toxigenicF. sporotrichioidesin cereals, significantly reducing the production of six type A trichothecenes. This is the first report on effective biocontrol ofF. sporotrichioidesin cereals byT. harzianum.
Oil and Powder of Spearmint as an Alternative to Sitophilus Oryzae Chemical Control of Wheat Grains
Authors: Derbalah Aly , Ahmed Sahar 
Published: April 2011

Oil and Powder of Spearmint as an Alternative toSitophilus OryzaeChemical Control of Wheat GrainsStored product pests such asSitophilus Oryzaeare a major concern. Alternative and safe control methods for such pests are needed. Therefore, powder and essential oil of Mentha viridis plant were tested under laboratory conditions for their ability to protect wheat grains against the insectS. oryzae. The insect was reared and tested on whole wheat grains. The emergence and adult mortality of the insectS. oryzaewere tested. The efficacy of these plant products was evaluated and compared with malathion. The standard compound for controllingS. oryzaehas been malathion. The effect of botanical products and malathion on the germination of wheat grains was also evaluated. The chemical components of spearmint oil were also identified using GC-MS analysis. The results showed that, the oil and powder ofM. viridiswere effective againstS. oryzaewith the respect to adults mortality. Also, the oil and powdered products ofM. viridissignificantly reduced the emergence ofS. oryzaecompared to the control treatment. Spearmint oil and powder do not significantly affect wheat grains germination relative to the control treatment. The efficacy of spearmint against the tested insect was due to the presence of a mixture of bioactive compounds. The results suggested that, spearmint oil and powder are promising as alternatives to chemical control used againstS. oryzaein wheat grains. Also, these spearmint products submit a solution of resistance development by insect due to the presence of a lot of bioactive components rather than the single insecticide.
Quality Structure of the Noctuidae Family in Selected Habitats of the Agricultural Landscape
Authors: Jakubowska Magdalena 
Published: April 2011

Quality Structure of the Noctuidae Family in Selected Habitats of the Agricultural LandscapeThe aim of the study was to compare the Noctuidae moths in three selected farmland environments, using ecological indices. The study was conducted from 2003 to 2006 on fields sown with winter wheat, sugar beets, maize and winter rape plants. The subject of the study was the imago of moth caught by light traps. Light traps (Polish brand) were located at: the Institute of Plant Protection, the Agricultural Research Station in Winna Góra, the Sugar Beet Breeding Research Station in Więcławice and the Institute of Plant Protection in the Poznań research garden. The collected Noctuidae imagines were identified and characterized quantitatively and qualitatively. The Noctuidae imagines were analyzed using Shannon-Weaver's diversity index (H'), Simpson's dominance index (d) and Marczewski-Steinhaus index of similarity (MS %). The results showed a higher similarity between species composition in the agrocenos of Poznań and Więcławice. The smallest diversity of species, reflected in the lowest value of the diversity index and the high value of the dominance index, was observed in the biotic community of Winna Góra which reveals a few Noctuidae, namely:Agrotis segetum(Schiff. et Den.),A. exclamationis(L.),Xestia c-nigrum(L.), andDiscestra trifolii(L.).