bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for noncompetitive modulation of substrate‐induced serotonin release
Authors: Rothman Richard B. , Baumann Michael H. , Blough Bruce E. , Jacobson Arthur E. , Rice Kenner C. , Partilla John S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPrior work indicated that serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors competitively inhibit substrate‐induced [3H]5‐HT release, producing rightward shifts in the substrate‐dose response curve and increasing the EC50 value without altering the Emax. We hypothesized that this finding would not generalize across a number of SERT inhibitors and substrates, and that the functional dissociation constant (Ke) of a given SERT inhibitor would not be the same for all tested substrates. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a well‐characterized [3H]5‐HT release assay that measures the ability of a SERT substrate to release preloaded [3H]5‐HT from rat brain synaptosomes. Dose‐response curves were generated for six substrates (PAL‐287 [naphthylisopropylamine], (+)‐fenfluramine, (+)‐norfenfluramine, mCPP [meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine], (±)‐MDMA, 5‐HT) in the absence and presence of a fixed concentration of three SERT inhibitors (indatraline, BW723C86, EG‐1‐149 [4‐(2‐(benzhydryloxy)ethyl)‐1‐(4‐bromobenzyl)piperidine oxalate]). Consistent with simple competitive inhibition, all SERT inhibitors increased the EC50 value of all substrates. However, in many cases a SERT inhibitor decreased the Emax value as well, indicating that in the presence of the SERT inhibitor the substrate became a partial releaser. Moreover, the Ke values of a given SERT inhibitor differed among the six SERT substrates, indicating that each inhibitor/substrate combination had a unique interaction with the transporter. Viewed collectively, these findings suggest that it may be possible to design SERT inhibitors that differentially regulate SERT function. Synapse 64:862–869, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal and ovariectomic regulation of postsynaptic density protein‐95 in the hippocampus of female Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Zhang Jiqiang , Bian Chen , Deng Qiyue 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPostsynaptic density protein‐95 (PSD‐95) is hypothesized to control the excitatory‐to‐inhibitory ratio and plays an important role in the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, and learning and memory. In this report, we used immunoblotting to study the effects of aging and ovariectomy (OVX) on the expression of PSD‐95 in the hippocampus of female rats. The results indicated that postnatal expression of hippocampal PSD‐95 correlated with the fluctuation of circulating female sex hormones such as estrogen. Neonatal PSD‐95 level was very low, but dramatically increased within the first month. The highest expression of PSD‐95 was detected at postnatal day 30 (P30) and significantly decreased by 18 months. In the adult hippocampus, OVX significantly decreased PSD‐95 expression within the first week, but it had recovered to adult levels 2 weeks later. Taken together, we conclude that circulating ovarian hormones may play a crucial role in the regulation of excitatory synapses within the hippocampus. Depletion of ovarian hormones can transiently and dramatically decrease the level of excitatory synapses for a limited time. Synapse 64:875–878, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixtures of Nonionic Surfactants Made from Renewable Resources with Alkyl Sulfates: Comparison of Headgroups
Authors: Werts Kendall Marie , Grady Brian P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMixtures of alkyl N‐methyl glucamines with linear alkyl sulfates and alkyl glucopyranosides (glycosides) with linear alkyl sulfates were investigated. Six different nonionic‐anionic pairings chosen based on similar critical micelle concentration (CMC) in order to ensure that the best synergy is observed. Solutions at various concentrations and mixture ratios were tested and evaluated to determine CMC, surface tension at the CMC, surface tension reduction efficiency, and emulsification of decane. The results were evaluated and show synergism in both the alkyl sulfate/alkyl methyl glucamine as well as the alkyl sulfate/alkyl glycoside systems. A much greater interaction was seen between the sulfate headgroup and the methyl glucamine headgroup. The difference between the efficiency of interaction was attributed to the more flexible nature of the glucamine headgroup relative to that of the glycoside headgroup.
Association of dietary patterns with BMI and waist circumference in a low-income neighbourhood in Brazil
Authors: Cunha Diana Barbosa , de Almeida Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues , Sichieri Rosely , Pereira Rosangela Alves 
Published: April 2010

Traditional analysis of food intake usually fails to show an association between energy and nutrient intake and indicators of obesity. The analysis of food patterns can contribute to the understanding of the association between eating habits and anthropometric indicators. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out on a low-income neighbourhood in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, and 1009 subjects between 20 and 65 years of age completed an FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified by means of factor analysis, and their associations with BMI and waist circumference (WC) were ascertained by applying a linear regression analysis. Three main dietary patterns were identified: a mixed pattern, which included cereals, fish and shrimp, vegetables, roots, fruits, eggs, meat and caffeinated beverages; a Western pattern, which consisted of ‘fast foods’, soft drinks, juices, cakes, cookies, milk and dairy, sweets and snacks; a traditional pattern, which included rice, beans, bread, sugar, fats and salad dressings. After adjusting for age and energy intake, we found that the traditional dietary pattern was inversely associated with BMI (β = − 1·14, P < 0·001) and WC (β = − 14·9, P = 0·002) among females. Additionally, a positive association between the Western pattern and WC (β = 12·8, P = 0·02) was observed for females. A diet based on rice and beans may have a protective role against weight gain in women.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ECONOMIC CRISES AND HEALTH
Authors: WALKER KIRSTY 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTDuring periods of recession, both historians and policy-makers have tended to revisit the multi-faceted relationship between health and economic crisis. It seems likely that the current economic downturn will trigger a new revival of efforts to gauge its implications for people's health around the world. This review will reflect on aspects of the relationship between health and economic crisis, exploring some of the unanswered questions within the historiography of the Great Depression and health, and suggest new directions that this work might take. Within a broadly transnational framework, I will reassess the diverse historiographies of interwar public health, in order to highlight ways in which the methodologies used could inspire future studies for neglected areas within this field, such as Southeast Asia. In doing so, I will illustrate that the effects of the interwar economic fluctuations on health status remain imprecise and difficult to define, but marked a transitional moment in the history of public health.
Aspects particuliers de l'utilisation de l'emblème de la croix rouge ou du croissant rouge
Authors: Bouvier Antoine 
Published: April 2010

Contemporain de la Convention de 1864 — dont il constitue l'une des innovations les plus marquantes — l'emblème de la croix rouge n'a depuis lors cessé de susciter discussions, questions, voire controverses quant à sa nature, ses buts et ses destinataires ainsi qu'aux conditions qui doivent guider son usage.L'emblème de la croix rouge, comme celui du croissant rouge, a très rapidement acquis un rôle crucial dans l'application et la mise en œuvre des règies du droit international humanitaire (DIH). On peut aujourd'hui affirmer que des pans entiers de l'édifice constitué par le droit des conflits armés dépendent du respect de l'embleme et de ses conditions d'utilisation.
Impartialité et neutralité dans le droit et la pratique humanitaires
Authors: Kalshoven Frits 
Published: April 2010

Le 27 juin 1986, la Cour internationale de Justice (CIJ) rendait un arrêt dans l'affaire des activités militaires et paramilitaires au Nicaragua et contre celui-ci. Cette affaire, qui engageait le Nicaragua contre les Etats-Unis d'Amérique, est digne d'attention à divers titres et il en est de même pour l'arrêt qui a été rendu. Je voudrais mettre en exergue deux de ses caractéristiques: l'affaire a trait à une situation de conflit armé et la Croix-Rouge est mentionnée.S'il est rare que la Cour de La Haye ait à connaître d'une situation réelle de conflit armé, cela est dû au manque d'empressement des Etats à soumettre de telles affaires à sa juridiction. Le fait qu'en l'occurrence la Cour ait pu être saisie du cas résulte davantage d'un accident de procédure que d'une attitude exceptionnellement louable de la part des parties en présence. Comme il paraît improbable que cet exemple soit suivi de beaucoup d'autres, restons-en lâ.
La Croix-Rouge dans le monde et en URSS: histoire et perspectives
Authors: Venedictov Dmitry D. 
Published: April 2010

L'opinion publique internationale voit s'approcher le 125e anniversaire de la Croix-Rouge internationale, un événement important dans l'évolution du Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge.Au moment de célébrer un anniversaire, nous nous tournons, en règie générale, vers l'histoire afin de mieux comprendre et d'évaluer le présent et prévoir l'avenir. Ceci est particulièrement important, du fait que le Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge est une des manifestations les plus significatives de l'humanisme et de la reconnaissance de la vie de la société et de la dignité de l'homme en tant que valeur suprême dans ce monde, ainsi que du désir d'éviter les souffrances humaines ou de les soulager, et de sauvegarder la vie et la santé de l'homme.
Le destin des biens culturels dans les conflits armés: De l'Antiquité à la deuxième guerre mondiale
Authors: Verri Pietro 
Published: April 2010

Ce n'est certes pas une tâche facile que de traiter du destin des biens culturels au cours des conflits armés qui se sont succédés depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'à la veille de la deuxième guerre mondiale.Les documents disponibles permettent, bien sûr, de constater qu'à partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, des normes positives en droit interne et en droit international ont été mises en place, dans le but de réduire, peu ou prou, plutôt que d'éviter, les dommages divers causés aux biens culturels par les hostilités.
Problématique de la Diffusion
Authors: Revue La 
Published: April 2010

L'année 1977 peut être considérée comme une année-charnière pour la diffusion du droit international humanitaire et des principes et idéaux du Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge. Rappelons brièvement les faits: du 21 au 30 mars 1977 s'est tenu à Varsovie le premier séminaire européen de la Croix-Rouge sur la diffusion des Conventions de Genève organisé par la Croix-Rouge polonaise et le CICR. A l'issue de ce séminaire auquel participèrent des représentants des Sociétés nationales d'Europe et d'Amérique du Nord, du CICR et de la Ligue, les principes suivants furent adoptés:«Bien que la diffusion du droit international humanitaire soit un devoir des gouvernements, elle devrait constituer une préoccupation essentielle de la Croix-Rouge en général et plus particulièrement de chaque Société nationale dans son propre pays.
Un des fondateurs de la Croix-Rouge: Louis Appia
Authors: Boppe Roger 
Published: April 2010

Le Dr Louis Appia fit partie à Genève de ce groupe d'hommes inspirés qui avec Henry Dunant, au milieu du siècle dernier, furent à l'origine de la Croix-Rouge. Il en resta un des plus actifs soutiens jusqu'à la fin de ses jours.Après sa mort survenue en 1898, les souvenirs qu'il laissait furent pieusement conserves par ses descendants. Puis, en 1954, l'un deux, M. Edmond Appia de Genève voulut Men remettre au Comitè international de la Croix-Rouge les exemplaires originaux de ses ouvrages, une importante partie de sa correspondance — lettres encore inédites pour la plupart — ainsi que ses brevets, diplômes et insignes, avec les premiers brassards de la Croix-Rouge.
Guerre et paix
Authors: Boissier Léopold 
Published: April 2010

Nous avons reproduit, dans le numéro d'avril 1968 de la Revue internationale, un article dû à la plume de M. Boissier, ancien président du CICR, et qui avait paru dans le Journal de Genève. Celui-ci a publié récemment un article du même auteur sur un sujet auquel la Croix-Rouge, comme on le salt, voue toute son attention. Nous pensons done opportun d'en faire connaître à nos lecteurs les passages principaux. (Red.)Notre époque vit dans la confusion des idées et des mots. Ainsi, les instruments politiques ou juridiques créés pour maintenir ou restaurer la paix sont affaiblis par les imprécisions qui minent leurs fondements et par les malentendus qui brouillent leur vocabulaire.
The Prevalence of Benzodiazepine Dependence among Community-Dwelling Older Adult Users in Quebec According to Typical and Atypical Criteria
Authors: Voyer Philippe , Préville Michel , Cohen David , Berbiche Djamal , Béland Sarah-Gabrielle 
Published: April 2010

RÉSUMÉContexte: La consommation de benzodiazépines est reconnue pour pouvoir entraîner un problème de dépendance. Les critères diagnostiques de la dépendance du DSM-IV-TR ne s’appliqueraient pas toujours à la situation d’un médicament prescrit par un médecin. Cette recherche vise à déterminer la prévalence de la dépendance aux benzodiazépines chez les aînés selon les critères classiques et des critères atypiques.Méthode: Étude descriptive basée sur des entrevues réalisées au domicile de 2785 aînés sélectionnés de façon aléatoire dans la province de Québec, Canada.Résultats: Le quart (25,4%) des participants de l’étude étaient consommateurs de benzodiazépines et 9,5% d’entre eux étaient dépendants selon le DSM-IV-TR. Toutefois, 43% des aînés consommateurs se disaient dépendants du médicament et un tiers souhaite arrêter de le consommer.Interprétation: La dépendance aux benzodiazépines se présenteraient chez environ 10% des aînés consommateurs selon les critères classiques, pourtant plus de 40% d’entre eux se disent dépendants.
Cheminements et situations de vie des personnes âgées présentant des troubles mentaux graves : perspectives d’intervenants psychosociaux
Authors: Dallaire Bernadette , McCubbin Michael , Provost Mélanie , Carpentier Normand , Clément Michèle 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTServices for elders with severe mental illness (SMI) have major deficiencies, among them a lack of adequate psychosocial services. Some analysts have attributed this situation to “double stigmatization” targeting both ageing and mental illness in our societies. Using qualitative methods (23 semi-directed interviews, theme-based content analysis), our exploratory research aims to understand better the perceptions of psychosocial practitioners working in community and institutional settings about the elderly with SMI and their living situations. Our informants evoke living situations marked by a lack of support (isolation), of resources (financial precariousness/poverty) and of power (learned passivity), traits that are related not only to mental illnessper se, but also to long term psychiatric institutionalization. For them, the current situation of elders with SMI is the end product of biographies in which life-course, illness-course and life in services and/or institutions join and, sometimes, become indistinguishable. Implications for psychosocial practices are discussed.
Human rights and indefinite detention
Authors: de Zayas Alfred 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInternational human rights law abhors a legal black hole. It applies wherever a State exercises its jurisdiction, not only in peacetime but also during armed conflict, as a compliment to humanitarian law. The deprivation of liberty is subject to certain conditions, and even initially lawful detention becomes arbitrary and contrary to law if it is not subject to periodic review. Indefinite detention is incompatible with Article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. While temporary derogation from this provision is allowed in Article 4 of the ICCPR, such derogation is only possible “in time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation” and “to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation” Persons deprived of their liberty are entitled to a prompt trial or release, and in cases of arbitrary detention, they are entitled to compensation. Neither the war on terror nor restrictive immigration policies justify indefinite detention.
Faith-based and secular humanitarian organizations
Authors: Ferris Elizabeth 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article examines the role of faith-based organizations, particularly Christian organizations, in humanitarian assistance within the broader context of the NGO world. Following an overview of the historical development of these organizations, the article examines the current context in which faith-based and secular humanitarian organizations operate. The different roles played by these organizations are explored, as are some of the difficulties they encounter. The article suggests that much more work is needed in the area of capacity-building of local humanitarian organizations and in the coordination of NGO programmatic work.
Roles of glutamates and metal ions in a rationally designed nitric oxide reductase based on myoglobin
Authors: Lin Ying-Wu , Yeung Natasha , Gao Yi-Gui , Miner Kyle D. , Tian Shiliang , Robinson Howard , Lu Yi 
Published: April 2010

A structural and functional model of bacterial nitric oxide reductase (NOR) has been designed by introducing two glutamates (Glu) and three histidines (His) in sperm whale myoglobin. X-ray structural data indicate that the three His and one Glu (V68E) residues bind iron, mimicking the putative Fe
B
site in NOR, while the second Glu (I107E) interacts with a water molecule and forms a hydrogen bonding network in the designed protein. Unlike the first Glu (V68E), which lowered the heme reduction potential by ∼110 mV, the second Glu has little effect on the heme potential, suggesting that the negatively charged Glu has a different role in redox tuning. More importantly, introducing the second Glu resulted in a ∼100% increase in NOR activity, suggesting the importance of a hydrogen bonding network in facilitating proton delivery during NOR reactivity. In addition, EPR and X-ray structural studies indicate that the designed protein binds iron, copper, or zinc in the Fe
B
site, each with different effects on the structures and NOR activities, suggesting that both redox activity and an intermediate five-coordinate heme-NO species are important for high NOR activity. The designed protein offers an excellent model for NOR and demonstrates the power of using designed proteins as a simpler and more well-defined system to address important chemical and biological issues.
Insights into protein folding mechanisms from large scale analysis of mutational effects
Authors: Naganathan Athi N. , Muñoz Victor 
Published: April 2010

Protein folding mechanisms are probed experimentally using single-point mutant perturbations. The relative effects on the folding (
ϕ
-values) and unfolding (1 -
ϕ
) rates are used to infer the detailed structure of the transition-state ensemble (TSE). Here we analyze kinetic data on > 800 mutations carried out for 24 proteins with simple kinetic behavior. We find two surprising results: (
i
) all mutant effects are described by the equation:

. Therefore all data are consistent with a single
ϕ
-value (0.24) with accuracy comparable to experimental precision, suggesting that the structural information in conventional
ϕ
-values is low. (
ii
)
ϕ
-values change with stability, increasing in mean value and spread from native to unfolding conditions, and thus cannot be interpreted without proper normalization. We eliminate stability effects calculating the
ϕ
-values at the mutant denaturation midpoints; i.e., conditions of zero stability (
ϕ
0
). We then show that the intrinsic variability is
ϕ
0
= 0.36 ± 0.11, being somewhat larger for β-sheet-rich proteins than for α-helical proteins. Importantly, we discover that
ϕ
0
-values are proportional to how many of the residues surrounding the mutated site are local in sequence. High
ϕ
0
-values correspond to protein surface sites, which have few nonlocal neighbors, whereas core residues with many tertiary interactions produce the lowest
ϕ
0
-values. These results suggest a general mechanism in which the TSE at zero stability is a broad conformational ensemble stabilized by local interactions and without specific tertiary interactions, reconciling
ϕ
-values with many other empirical observations.
CGHnormaliter: a Bioconductor package for normalization of array CGH data with many CNAs
Authors: van Houte Bart P.P. , Binsl Thomas W. , Hettling Hannes , Heringa Jaap 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Summary: CGHnormaliter is a package for normalization of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data. It uses an iterative procedure that effectively eliminates the influence of imbalanced copy numbers. This leads to a more reliable assessment of copy number alterations (CNAs). CGHnormaliter is integrated in the Bioconductor environment allowing a smooth link to visualization tools and further data analysis.
Availability and Implementation: The CGHnormaliter package is implemented in R and under GPL 3.0 license available at Bioconductor: http://www.bioconductor.org
Contact: heringa@few.vu.nl
FABIA: factor analysis for bicluster acquisition
Authors: Hochreiter Sepp , Bodenhofer Ulrich , Heusel Martin , Mayr Andreas , Mitterecker Andreas , Kasim Adetayo , Khamiakova Tatsiana , Van Sanden Suzy , Lin Dan , Talloen Willem , Bijnens Luc , Göhlmann Hinrich W. H. , Shkedy Ziv , Clevert Djork-Arné 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMotivation: Biclustering of transcriptomic data groups genes and samples simultaneously. It is emerging as a standard tool for extracting knowledge from gene expression measurements. We propose a novel generative approach for biclustering called ‘FABIA: Factor Analysis for Bicluster Acquisition’. FABIA is based on a multiplicative model, which accounts for linear dependencies between gene expression and conditions, and also captures heavy-tailed distributions as observed in real-world transcriptomic data. The generative framework allows to utilize well-founded model selection methods and to apply Bayesian techniques.Results: On 100 simulated datasets with known true, artificially implanted biclusters, FABIA clearly outperformed all 11 competitors. On these datasets, FABIA was able to separate spurious biclusters from true biclusters by ranking biclusters according to their information content. FABIA was tested on three microarray datasets with known subclusters, where it was two times the best and once the second best method among the compared biclustering approaches.Availability: FABIA is available as an R package on Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org). All datasets, results and software are available at http://www.bioinf.jku.at/software/fabia/fabia.htmlContact: hochreit@bioinf.jku.atSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.