bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of cross‐resistance to a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, fluopyram, in highly boscalid‐resistant isolates of Corynespora cassiicola and Podosphaera xanthii
Authors: Ishii Hideo , Miyamoto Takuya , Ushio Shingo , Kakishima Makoto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recently in Japan, isolates resistant to boscalid, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), have been detected in Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curt.) Wei and Podosphaera xanthii (Castaggne) Braun & Shishkoff, the pathogens causing Corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew disease on cucumber, respectively. Resistant isolates of C. cassiicola are widely distributed and represent a serious problem in disease control at present. Novel SDHI fungicides, including fluopyram, are now under development.RESULTS: The growth of very highly boscalid‐resistant, highly resistant and sensitive isolates of C. cassiicola was strongly suppressed on fluopyram‐amended YBA agar medium. Although boscalid and another SDHI, penthiopyrad, hardly controlled Corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew on cucumber plants when very highly or highly boscalid‐resistant isolates were employed for inoculation, fluopyram still exhibited excellent control efficacy against these resistant isolates as well as sensitive isolates of C. cassiicola and P. xanthii.CONCLUSION: Differential sensitivity to boscalid, penthiopyrad and fluopyram, clearly found in these two important pathogens of cucumber, may indicate involvement of a slightly distinct site of action for fluopyram from the two other SDHIs. This finding may lead to the discovery of unique SDHIs in the future. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae
Authors: Fettig Christopher J , Hayes Christopher J , McKelvey Stephen R , Mori Sylvia R 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground‐based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr™‐OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr™‐SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr®), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays.RESULTS: Compared with 20 000 mg L−1 carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400‐fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40‐fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty evaluation in the analysis of biological samples by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Part B: measurements of As, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn and V in human serum
Authors: Bocca Beatrice , Mattei Daniela , Pino Anna , Alimonti Alessandro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis protocol was developed to estimate the uncertainty of measurements in the sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of As, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn and V in human serum by utilizing in‐house validation data. The approach is outlined in the Eurachem/Citac Guide and other relevant publications. The results generated were the followings: (i) coefficients of regression >0.9995 over two orders of magnitude of metal concentration; (ii) method quantification limits between 0.05 µg/L (Cr, Mn) and 0.49 µg/L (As); (iii) mean trueness checked against a certified reference material between 95.4% (As) and 107.7% (Ni); (iv) repeatability better than 10.2% over the range 0.1–2.0 µg/L; (v) reproducibility better than 12.0% over the range 0.1–2.0 µg/L; and (vi) expanded uncertainty budget comprised between 14.7% (Mn) and 27.9% (Cr) over the range 0.1–2.0 µg/L. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Side‐docking in robotic‐assisted gynaecologic cancer surgery
Authors: Woods Demetrius Leon , Hou June Y. , Riemers Laura , Gupta Divya , Kuo Dennis Yi‐Shin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of previous experience with the robotic‐sssisted laparoscopic technique for gynaecological procedures has utilized a method in which the robot is centrally located (CD) between the patient's legs.MethodsTwelve consecutive patients undergoing robotic‐assisted procedures for gynaecological malignancies were positioned in a side‐docking (SD) fashion, in which the robot is positioned lateral to the patient. The relevant clinical parameters were collected and compared to the previous 12 patients undergoing surgery using the conventional, centre‐docking (CD) technique.ResultsSpecimen retrieval time for larger uteri was reduced in the SD group compared to the CD group (p = 0.03). Total operative times were slightly lower in the SD group and specimen retrieval times for all uterine weights were unchanged when compared to the CD group. Statistical significance was not observed.ConclusionsSide‐docking is an alternative to the conventional centre‐docking approach in robotic‐assisted surgery. Its use may facilitate larger specimen retrieval while decreasing operative time and associated costs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive ultrasonic measuring system for bone geometry examination
Authors: Krysztoforski K. , Krowicki P. , Świa̧tek‐Najwer E. , Bȩdziński R. , Keppler P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundBone deformities are typically identified through standard radiograms. Since X‐ray examinations are easily applied and offer high quality imaging, noninvasive techniques are not commonly used in bone diagnostics. Nevertheless, nonradiological techniques are considered necessary because of the harmful effects of X‐ray radiation.MethodsThe paper presents a new noninvasive system for bone imaging. The system allows the physician to create self‐defined templates of the measured geometrical parameters and to measure the bone geometry according to the planned procedures.ResultsThe proposed system was verified by determining the fiducial location error, the fiducial registration error and the target registration error. The tests were performed on sawbones and a measuring plate. In order to verify the accuracy of reconstruction, tests on the three‐dimensional phantoms were carried out. The system has been tested in clinical conditions: results of limb geometrical parameters measured on five probands were compared with MRI‐based evaluation.ConclusionsThe system supplies critical data supporting the standard radiological examination. In the future, after further improvements it may replace invasive X‐ray imaging. The main advantage of ultrasonography is noninvasive imaging (using mechanical waves), however, it demands considerable experience. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Random survival forests for high‐dimensional data
Authors: Ishwaran Hemant , Kogalur Udaya B. , Chen Xi , Minn Andy J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMinimal depth is a dimensionless order statistic that measures the predictiveness of a variable in a survival tree. It can be used to select variables in high‐dimensional problems using Random Survival Forests (RSF), a new extension of Breiman's Random Forests (RF) to survival settings. We review this methodology and demonstrate its use in high‐dimensional survival problems using a public domain R‐language package randomSurvivalForest. We discuss effective ways to regularize forests and discuss how to properly tune the RF parameters ‘nodesize’ and ‘mtry’. We also introduce new graphical ways of using minimal depth for exploring variable relationships. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 115–132 2011
Molecular‐weight‐controlled synthesis and dye‐fixing properties of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)
Authors: Yu Yikai , Zhang Yuejun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe effects of synthesis conditions on the properties of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC), especially the molecular weight, were studied in detail in order to assess a new method for the molecular‐weight‐controlled synthesis of PDMDAAC. This method was used to synthesize a series of PDMDAACs with different molecular weights, and then the relationships between the molecular weight and the dye‐fixing properties were studied in detail in order to investigate a new way for improving these properties. The results showed that the molecular weight of PDMDAAC could be controlled by polymerization temperature, monomer concentration, and initiator amount, in agreement with the kinetic chain length equation, and a series of PDMDAACs with characteristic viscosities of 0.18–0.81 dL/g was synthesized by the given synthesis method. The dye‐fixing properties of the PDMDAACs depend on their molecular weight, and when their characteristic viscosities were controlled in the range of 0.24–0.47 dL/g, they exhibited better dye‐fixing properties than PDMDAACs with other characteristic viscosities and a commercial PDMDAAC dyefixative. In addition, the wet rubbing fastness, color fastness to soaping, and white fabric staining were significantly improved by controlling the molecular weight. Thus, the fastness properties of the PDMDAACs could be improved by controlling their molecular weight, and promising PDMDAAC dyefixatives could be synthesized by the new synthesis method. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of epoxidized natural rubber on the processing behavior, tensile properties, morphology, and thermal properties of linear‐low‐density polyethylene/soya powder blends
Authors: Sam S.T. , Ismail H. , Ahmad Z. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe effect of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with 50 mol% epoxidation (ENR 50) on the processing behaviors, tensile properties, morphology, and thermal properties of linear‐low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya powder blends was investigated. The LLDPE was blended with various soya powder contents in a Haake internal mixer at 150°C and a rotor speed of 50 rpm for 10 min. The tensile properties were tested by using an Instron tensometer according to ISO 527. The thermal stability of the blends was determined by using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The tensile strength and elongation at the breakage point were significantly improved by the addition of ENR 50, as evidenced by morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the other hand, the tensile modulus increased with soya powder content up to 20% and decreased thereafter. The crystallinity and crystallization temperatures of the blends decreased with the incorporation of ENR, and the thermal stability of the blends was lower with higher soya powder content. However, ENR 50 improved the thermal stability of LLDPE/soya powder blends. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Building a Comprehensive Genomic Program for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Harring Theresa R. , Guiteau Jacfranz J. , Nguyen N. Thao T. , Cotton Ron T. , Gingras Marie‐Claude , Wheeler David A. , O’Mahony Christine A. , Gibbs Richard A. , Brunicardi F. Charles , Goss John A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, causing approximately 660,000 deaths worldwide annually. The preferred treatment of HCC is surgical resection or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for patients meeting specific criteria. For patients outside these criteria, options are limited and include medical therapy, radiofrequency ablation, chemoembolization, or palliative measures, and these result in poor outcomes. Various centers at Baylor are elucidating the genomics of HCC to improve treatment options, with a focus on three etiologies: hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and non‐viral.MethodsThrough collaborative efforts, we have established an effective specimen biobanking protocol, and we are using several techniques to analyze HCC, including whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, gene‐specific analysis, gene expression, and epigenetic analysis.ResultsWe have completed whole genome sequencing on two patient samples, whole exome sequencing on 47 patient samples, gene‐specific analysis on 94 patient samples, gene expression on 4 patient samples, and epigenetic analysis on 1 patient sample.ConclusionsWe hope to use these results to define novel genetic therapeutic strategies that may work in conjunction with surgical approaches to improve long‐term patient and graft survival rates in patients with HCC. We also aim to provide a functional framework of a comprehensive program for genomic analysis that may be imitated by other institutions and for other tumors in the global quest toward personalized genomic medicine.
A discourse of silence: professional carers reasoning about death and dying in nursing homes
Authors: ÖSTERLIND JANE , HANSEBO GÖREL , ANDERSSON JANICKE , TERNESTEDT BRITT-MARIE , HELLSTRÖM INGRID 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTNursing homes are a setting in which death and dying is common. How death and dying is articulated and the actions that take place in a nursing home constitute a discourse that guides the staff in their work. The aim of this study was to explore the discourse of death and dying in nursing homes from the perspective and understanding of the staff. The study draws on Foucault's discourse analysis. Data are from five focus-group discussions held with 28 staff of four different nursing homes in Sweden. The findings show that the discourse had three characteristics: (a) dying was silent and silenced, (b) emotions were pushed into the background, and (c) attentiveness to death arose after the moment of the elderly person's death. The structure of the discourse was characterised by a movement between two positions, avoiding and confronting death, the main focus being on avoidance. The articulation and practices of silence highlight a need to regard dying as a process that requires attention. One way to ensure appropriate attention could be to instil the philosophy of palliative care in nursing homes, including training and support for the staff in their work. The study demonstrates that nursing-home staff need more knowledge and support to enable them to feel that they do a good job.
Eos Interviews John Holdren, President Obama's Science Advisor
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: January 2011

With the Obama administration about to face a Republican‐led House of Representatives in January, presidential science advisor John Holdren sat down with Eos for an exclusive and wide‐ranging interview following a policy speech he delivered on 13 December at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. During the interview, Holdren, who also is director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), focused on the challenging congressional and budgetary environment, the administration's priorities related to the Earth sciences, and the responsibility of scientists in helping to communicate the societal benefits of science, educate the public, and improve science education and literacy.Holdren said the Obama administration's top priorities related to the Earth sciences include improving observations of the Earth, making progress in dealing with climate change, and rebalancing NASA's focus.
Report calls for transforming the U.S. energy system
Authors: Showstack Randy , Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: January 2011

The United States should develop a coordinated, government‐wide, federal energy policy to transform the nation's energy system within 1–2 decades, according to a 29 November report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). A key recommendation is for the president to establish a quadrennial energy review process to provide a road map for short‐ and long‐term energy objectives, to outline legislative proposals, to put forward anticipated executive branch actions, and to identify resource requirements for research and development programs.Entitled “Report to the president on accelerating the pace of change in energy technologies through an integrated federal energy policy,” the report also calls for the government to invest $16 billion per year for clean energy innovation. The report indicates that this would be an approximate tripling of current Department of Energy investments in energy science and technology. Stating that “the discretionary budget is under severe pressure,” the report recommends that the president engage the private sector and Congress to generate about $10 billion per year of funding through new revenue streams. A small charge on electricity and transportation fuel could be “well within the normal fluctuations in price seen by consumers” and generate billions of dollars for research.
Modeling Earth Dynamics: Complexity, Uncertainty, and Validation 28th IUGG Conference on Mathematical Geophysics; Pisa, Italy, 7–11 June 2010
Authors: Neri A. 
Published: January 2011

The capabilities and limits of mathematical models applied to a variety of geophysical processes were discussed during the 28th international Conference on Mathematical Geophysics, held in Italy (see the conference Web site (http://cmg2010.pi.ingv.it), which includes abstracts). The conference was organized by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) Commission on Mathematical Geophysics (CMG) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and was cosponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The meeting was attended by more than 160 researchers from 26 countries and was dedicated to the theme “Modelling Earth Dynamics: Complexity, Uncertainty, and Validation.”Many talks were dedicated to illustration of the complexities affecting geophysical processes. Novel applications of geophysical fluid dynamics were presented, with specific reference to volcanological and subsurface/surface flow processes. In most cases, investigations highlighted the need for multidimensional and multiphase flow models able to describe the nonlinear effects associated with the nonhomogeneous nature of the matter. Fluid dynamic models of atmospheric, oceanic, and environmental systems also illustrated the fundamental role of nonlinear couplings between the different subsystems. Similarly, solid Earth models have made it possible to obtain the first tomographies of the planet; to formulate nonlocal and dynamic damage models of rocks; to investigate statistically the triggering, clustering, and synchronization of faults; and to develop realistic simulators of the planetary dynamo, plate tectonics, and gravity and magnetic fields.
Photodissociation of thioglycolic acid studied by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Attar Andrew R. , Blumling Daniel E. , Knappenberger Kenneth L. 
Published: January 2011

Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies were employed to study the photodissociation of both the neutral (HS-CH2-COOH) and doubly deprotonated (−S-CH2-COO−) forms of thioglycolic acid (TGA), a common surface-passivating ligand used in the aqueous synthesis and organization of semiconducting nanostructures. Room temperature UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy indicated strong absorption by the S1 and S2 excited states at 250 nm and 185 nm, respectively. The spectrum also contained a weaker absorption band that extended to approximately 550 nm, which was assigned to the $\pi ^ * _{CO} \leftarrow n_O$πCO*←nO transition. Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy was performed on TGA using 400 nm excitation and a white-light continuum probe to provide the temporally and spectrally resolved data. Both forms of TGA underwent a photoinduced dissociation from the excited state to form an α-thiol-substituted acyl radical (α-TAR, S-CH2-CO•). For the acidic form of TGA, radical formation occurred with an apparent time constant of 60 ± 5 fs; subsequent unimolecular decay took 400 ± 60 fs. Similar kinetics were observed for the deprotonated form of TGA (70 ± 10 fs radical formation; 420 ± 40 fs decay). The production of the α-TAR was corroborated by the observation of its characteristic optical absorption. Time-resolved data indicated that the photoinduced dissociation of TGA via cleavage of the C-OH bond occurred rapidly (≤100 fs). The prevalence of TGA in aqueous semiconducting nanoparticles makes its absorption in the visible spectral region and subsequent dissociation key to understanding the behavior of nanoscale systems.
The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems
Authors: Sherman Kenneth , O'Reilly John , Belkin Igor M. , Melrose Christopher , Friedland Kevin D. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Sherman, K., O'Reilly, J., Belkin, I. M., Melrose, C., and Friedland, K. D. 2011. The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 667–676. In 1992, world leaders at the historical UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) recognized that the exploitation of resources in coastal oceans was becoming increasingly unsustainable, resulting in an international effort to assess, recover, and manage goods and services of large marine ecosystems (LMEs). More than $3 billion in support to 110 economically developing nations have been dedicated to operationalizing a five-module approach supporting LME assessment and management practices. An important component of this effort focuses on the effects of climate change on fisheries biomass yields of LMEs, using satellite remote sensing and in situ sampling of key indicators of changing ecological conditions. Warming appears to be reducing primary productivity in the lower latitudes, where stratification of the water column has intensified. Fishery biomass yields in the Subpolar LMEs of the Northeast Atlantic are also increasing as zooplankton levels increase with warming. During the current period of climate warming, it is especially important for space agency programmes in Asia, Europe, and the United States to continue to provide satellite-borne radiometry data to the global networks of LME assessment scientists.