bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counseling Adolescents and the Challenges for Genetic Counselors
Authors: Callard Alice , Williams Jessica , Skirton Heather 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGenetic counselors may have an important role in helping the adolescent make an informed decision with regard to genetic testing and in helping them to adjust to genetic risk information. However, counseling techniques that are used with adults may not be always be suited to the adolescent population. Adolescence is a time of development during which separation from the family and formation of identity is achieved. The process of this development may impact the genetic counseling relationship. Family relationships may have a strong influence on the client's decision to have genetic testing. Additionally, it may be difficult to engage the client as adolescents may not have the ability to think abstractly and consider the short and long term consequences of genetic testing. It is helpful therefore to discuss the counseling process and techniques that may be useful when counseling these clients. This paper presents two case studies that illustrate some of the difficulties that may occur when counseling adolescents for genetic testing. The authors’ have reflected on their clinical experience with these clients and this is presented here to add to the growing literature on this subject.
The Isolation of Yellow Mustard Oil Using Water and Cyclic Ethers
Authors: Tabtabaei Solmaz , Diosady Levente L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn aqueous extraction process (AEP) was developed for dehulled yellow mustard flour with the aim of producing yellow mustard oil for industrial applications, as a by‐product of food protein production. During AEP, most of the oil extracted was bound in a stable oil‐in‐water emulsion that must be destabilized to recover free oil. The oil distribution after aqueous extraction and the composition of the emulsion produced were determined. The emulsion was solubilized in organic solvents including tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4‐dioxane to fully recover the oil in a single‐phase oil–solvent‐water miscella. Over 97 and 95% of the oil in the emulsion was successfully recovered using 4:1 THF:oil and 9:1 dioxane:oil weight ratios, respectively. The oil recovery from the emulsion was optimized, based on experimentally prepared ternary phase diagrams of THF/oil/water and dioxane/oil/water. The results suggest that this technically viable approach can successfully recover essentially all of the oil from the emulsion, equivalent to an overall free oil recovery of ~63% from dehulled yellow mustard flour.
Phosphate Esters Functionalized Dihydroxyl Soybean Oil Tackifier of Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesives
Authors: Ahn B. Kollbe , Sung Jonggeun , Sun X. Susan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDihydroxyl soybean oil (DSO) has shown potential as a tackifier for pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) applications, and perchloric acid was used previously as a catalyst to open the oxirane rings of epoxidized soybean oils (ESO) when we prepared DSO and PSA. Phosphoric acid is a more eco‐friendly catalyst than perchloric acid; therefore, the objective of this work was to prepare DSO using phosphoric acid as a catalyst and thereby create DSO‐contained phosphate esters, or PDSO. The chemical scaffolds of PDSO were elucidated with 1H, 1H–1H COSY, 31P NMR, FTIR, MALDI‐TOF MS, and GPC. ESO PSAs were prepared from a mixture of ESO/PDSO. The ESO PSA prepared with PDSO had peel strength on a plastic carrier comparable to commercial PSA, and while on an aluminum carrier, the ESO PSA had a stronger peel strength. ESO PSA prepared with phosphoric acid was also stronger than the peel strength of the ESO PSA prepared with DSO using perchloric acid.
The prevalence of thoracolumbar kyphosis in achondroplasia: A systematic review
Authors: Engberts Alexander C. , Jacobs Wilco C. H. , Castelijns Sanne J. A. M. , Castelein Rene M. , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L. A. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose Thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) is described as a common presentation in children with achondroplasia. However, the prevalence and development of TLK are ill-defined, as well as its clinical implications. The goal of this study was to assess the existing evidence on the prevalence and development of TLK from the literature. Methods A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Thomson Reuters (ISI) Web of Knowledge. Articles were selected and evaluated with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale in duplicate. Articles were included when the included patients were diagnosed with achondroplasia and the prevalence of TLK in this population was reported. Results Seven studies were included. The prevalence of TLK varied between 50 and 100%, but the populations differed significantly. Also, the measurement method and definition of TLK was not given in any of the included studies. Two studies reported TLK in different age categories, but the development of TLK through age could not be inferred. Overall, the methodological quality was low. Conclusions The prevalence rates of TLK in achondroplasia could not be assessed from the literature because the populations differed and the definition of TLK in the studies was not described. In future studies, this definition needs to be given and patients need to be assessed over a longer period of time, with repeated assessments.
Non-planar dust-acoustic Gardner solitons with two-ion-temperature in a dusty plasma
Authors: ASADUZZAMAN M. , MAMUN A. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe nonlinear propagation characteristics of Gardner solitons (GSs) in a non-planar (cylindrical and spherical) two-ion-temperature unmagnetized dusty plasma, whose constituents are inertial negative dust, Boltzmann electrons and ions with two distinctive temperatures, are investigated by deriving the modified Gardner (mG) equation. The standard reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the mG equation. The basic features of non-planar dust-acoustic (DA) GSs are analyzed. It has been found that the basic characteristics of GSs, which are shown to exist for the values of ni10/Zdnd0 around 0.311, for ni20/Zdnd0 = 0.5, Ti1/Te = 0.07, and Ti1/Ti2 = 0.05 [where ni10 (ni20) is the lower (higher) temperature ion number density at equilibrium, Ti1 (Ti2) is the lower (higher) temperature of ions, Te is the electron temperature, Zd is the number of electrons residing on the dust grain surface, and nd0 is the equilibrium dust number density] are different from those of Korteweg-de Vries solitons, which do not exist around ni10/Zdnd0 ≃ 0.311. It has been found that the propagation characteristics of non-planar DA GSs significantly differ from those of planar ones.
Neurocognitive Effects of HIV, Hepatitis C, and Substance Use History
Authors: Devlin Kathryn N. , Gongvatana Assawin , Clark Uraina S. , Chasman Jesse D. , Westbrook Michelle L. , Tashima Karen T. , Navia Bradford , Cohen Ronald A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHIV-associated neurocognitive dysfunction persists in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and may be exacerbated by comorbidities, including substance use and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the neurocognitive impact of HIV, HCV, and substance use in the HAART era is still not well understood. In the current study, 115 HIV-infected and 72 HIV-seronegative individuals with significant rates of lifetime substance dependence and HCV infection received comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. We examined the effects of HIV serostatus, HCV infection, and substance use history on neurocognitive functioning. We also examined relationships between HIV disease measures (current and nadir CD4, HIV RNA, duration of infection) and cognitive functioning. Approximately half of HIV-infected participants exhibited neurocognitive impairment. Detectable HIV RNA but not HIV serostatus was significantly associated with cognitive functioning. HCV was among the factors most consistently associated with poorer neurocognitive performance across domains, while substance use was less strongly associated with cognitive performance. The results suggest that neurocognitive impairment continues to occur in HIV-infected individuals in association with poor virologic control and comorbid conditions, particularly HCV coinfection. (JINS, 2012,18, 68–78)
Altered Brain Activation in Military Personnel with One or More Traumatic Brain Injuries Following Blast
Authors: Scheibel Randall S. , Newsome Mary R. , Troyanskaya Maya , Lin Xiaodi , Steinberg Joel L. , Radaideh Majdi , Levin Harvey S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractExplosive blast is a frequent cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among personnel deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with an event-related stimulus-response compatibility task was used to compare 15 subjects with mild, chronic blast-related TBI with 15 subjects who had not experienced a TBI or blast exposure during deployment. Six TBI subjects reported multiple injuries. Relative to the control group, TBI subjects had slightly slower responses during fMRI and increased somatic complaints and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. A between-group analysis indicated greater activation during stimulus-response incompatibility in TBI subjects within the anterior cingulate gyrus, medial frontal cortex, and posterior cerebral areas involved in visual and visual-spatial functions. This activation pattern was more extensive after statistically controlling for reaction time and symptoms of PTSD and depression. There was also a negative relationship between symptoms of PTSD and activation within posterior brain regions. These results provide evidence for increased task-related activation following mild, blast-related TBI and additional changes associated with emotional symptoms. Limitations of this study include no matching for combat exposure and different recruitment strategies so that the control group was largely a community-based sample, while many TBI subjects were seeking services. (JINS, 2012, 18, 89–100)
Umgang mit nicht-suizidalem selbstverletzendem Verhalten (NSSV) im schulischen Kontext
Authors: Plener Paul L. , Kaess Michael , Bonenberger Martina , Blaumer Dorothee , Spröber Nina 
Published: December 2011

Nicht-suizidales selbstverletzendes Verhalten (NSSV) wurde in Studien an deutschen Schulen von ca. 14 bis 25 % der Jugendlichen beschrieben. Vielfach werden Lehrer oder anderes Schulpersonal zum ersten Ansprechpartner, wenn Jugendliche von sich aus Hilfe suchen oder Probleme im Schulalltag entstehen, die mit NSSV zusammenhängen. Auch die Verbreitung von NSSV innerhalb eines Klassenverbandes wird als problematisches Phänomen von MitarbeiterInnen des Schuldienstes beschrieben. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Umgang mit NSSV im schulischen Kontext. Studien konnten zeigen, dass strukturierte Schüler- und Lehrerprogramme das Wissen über NSSV vermehren können. Zudem haben sich bereits einige Protokolle zum Umgang mit NSSV im schulischen Alltag bewährt.
Opfer von Bullying in der Schule
Authors: Jantzer Vanessa , Haffner Johann , Parzer Peter , Resch Franz 
Published: December 2011

Der Leidensdruck durch schulisches Bullying ist enorm, sowohl auf Opfer- als auch auf Täterseite wird das Risiko für emotionale Störungen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten erhöht sowie die schulische Entwicklung erheblich beeinträchtigt. Es wird der Zusammenhang von Bullying und Depression, Suizidalität und selbstverletzendem Verhalten diskutiert. Hierfür wurden 303 Schüler befragt, von denen 20.8 % angaben, in den letzten Monaten ein Opfer von Bullying geworden zu sein. Das Risiko zur Ausbildung der genannten emotionalen Störungen zeigte sich für viktimisierte Schüler deutlich erhöht (Odds Ratios von 2.4 bis 3.0). Der notwendige Ausbau von schulbezogenen Bullying-Präventionsprogrammen in Deutschland würde demnach mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit auch zur Prävention ernsthafter emotionaler Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen beitragen.
Bursty escape fluxes in plasma sheets of Mars and Venus
Authors: Dubinin E. , Fraenz M. , Woch J. , Zhang T. L. , Wei J. , Fedorov A. , Barabash S. , Lundin R. 
Published: December 2011

High resolution measurements of plasma in the plasma sheets of Mars and Venus performed by almost identical plasma instruments ASPERA‐3 on the Mars Express spacecraft and ASPERA‐4 on Venus Express reveal similar features of bursty fluxes of escaping planetary ions. A period of bursts lasts about 1–2 min. Simultaneous magnetic field measurements on Venus Express show that these burst‐like features arise due to flapping motions of the plasma sheet. Their occurrence can be related to large‐amplitude waves propagating on the plasma sheet surface and launched by reconnection in the magnetic tails.
Puerarin protects differentiated PC12 cells from H2O2‐induced apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Qin , Huang Wei‐dong , Lv Xue‐ying , Yang Yun‐mei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOxidative stress has been implicated as a major mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. ROS (reactive oxygen species) can cause cell death via apoptosis. NGF (nerve growth factor) differentiated rat PC12 cells have been extensively used to study the differentiation and apoptosis of neurons. This study has investigated the protective effects of puerarin in H2O2‐induced apoptosis of differentiated PC12 cells, and the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Differentiated PC12 cells were incubated with 700 μM H2O2in the absence or presence of different doses of puerarin (4, 8 and 16 μM). Apoptosis was assessed by MTS [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium] assay, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling) analysis and Annexin V‐PI (propidium iodide) double staining flow cytometry. Protein levels of phospho‐Akt and phospho‐BAD (Bcl‐2/Bcl‐XL‐antagonist, causing cell death) were assayed by Western blotting. After stimulation with H2O2for 18 h, the viability of differentiated PC12 cells decreased significantly and a large number of cells underwent apoptosis. Differentiated PC12 cells were rescued from H2O2‐induced apoptosis at different concentrations of puerarin in a dose‐dependent manner. This was through increased production of phospho‐Akt and phospho‐BAD, an effect that could be reversed by wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3‐kinase). The results suggest that puerarin may have neuroprotective effect through activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
Insects.
Authors: Chown S. L. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

In this chapter, several of the responses to climate change by insects (agricultural pests, pollinators, biological control agents, human and animal disease vectors) and the outcomes thereof are discussed. Further consideration is also given to these responses at two different levels: that of assemblage richness per se, and whether this might be useful for forecasting; and at the population level, dealing specifically with likely limits to responses and how these might further be comprehended. The largely neglected area of the potential impacts of bioengineering and biogeoengineering to mitigate climate change are also briefly examined.
Fish: freshwater ecosystems.
Authors: Linnansaari T. , Cunjak R. A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter focuses on cold adaptation in freshwater fish, and especially how predicted climate change may alter the winter environment and conditions in streams and lakes, and how selected freshwater fish are likely to respond. Consequently, geographical research is restricted to high latitude regions in northern North America, northern Eurasia, and the southernmost areas of South America (Argentina). It discusses climate change scenarios and models and model predictions for temperature and precipitation in selected regions. The effects of altered ice processes and winter flow on freshwater fish, changes in their winter growth and productivity, and intra- and interspecific interactions and population dynamics, are explored.
Strategies of molecular adaptation to climate change: the challenges for amphibians and reptiles.
Authors: Storey K. B. , Storey J. M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter discusses the lives of ectothermic terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians and reptiles) and how they are affected by and adapt to changing environmental conditions. The focus is on species that have adapted to life in seasonally cold environments and examine some of the specialized biochemical adaptations that support cold and freeze tolerance. The range of molecular mechanisms that are available to organisms to make adaptive changes to their biochemistry in response to environmental stress are highlighted. The climate change and ectothermic vertebrates; amphibian and reptile cold hardiness; principles of biochemical adaptation; enzymatic and metabolic adaptation; and regulation of gene expression are presented.
Trees and boreal forests.
Authors: Olsen J. E. , Lee Y. K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the effects of temperature on the growth-dormancy cycling of boreal forest trees. It includes recent warming-induced changes in phenology and growth in trees, adaptation techniques in response to global warming, and temperature effects in the growing season (photosynthesis and morphology). It also discusses dormancy and winter survival in a climate change perspective and temperature under embryogenesis affecting adaptive properties.
The paradoxical increase in freezing injury in a warming climate: frost as a driver of change in cold climate vegetation.
Authors: Ball M. C. , Harris-Pascal D. , Egerton J. J. G. , Lenné T. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Responses of cold climate vegetation to increasing temperature and CO2 are enormously complex and varied, but many general predictions can be made based on the interplay of temperature with the natural seasonal progression in phenological events and acclimation to temperature extremes. Paradoxically, greater freezing stress is predicted to occur in cold climate vegetation with increasing temperature, with the effects being amplified by increasing CO2. The vulnerability of frost, loss in snow cover and delay in the breaking of dormancy in a warming climate are all discussed.
Annual field crops.
Authors: Kosová K. , Prášil I. T. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

In this chapter, a variety of cold adaptation mechanisms including reversible mechanisms of cold acclimatization as well as developmental adaptations (vernalization) are described. A special focus on the regulatory relationships between vernalization and acquisition of enhanced frost tolerance in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana and cereals (such as wheat and barley) from the tribe Triticeae is given.
The potential impact of climate change on temperate zone woody perennial crops.
Authors: Quamme H. A. , Neilsen D. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter discusses the implication of climate change on production of horticultural-grown woody perennials that overwinter in the temperate zone. Freezing injury affects the survival of many temperate zone woody perennials and is a major constraint to the production of fruit and nut crop and many landscape plants. Although these plants have evolved a capacity to avoid or tolerate freezing, they suffer winter damage frequently and this affects survival or productivity. Low-temperature injury can occur in all parts of the plant depending upon tissue susceptibility, exposure, and stage of acclimatization. The level of cold hardiness during acclimatization varies with species and cultivar. This chapter reports how peach and apricot production in the Okanagan Valley (British Columbia, Canada) has been affected by climate change during the autumn and winter prior to harvest, for an 88-year period (1921-2008).
Plant invasion in India: an overview.
Authors: Kohli R. K. , Batish D. R. , Singh J. S. , Singh H. P. , Bhatt J. R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes the status and vulnerability of the Indian region to plant invasion, and presents the major invasive plants in India and their attributes (growth, reproduction, survival, stress response, allelopathic potential and dispersal, among other biological and ecological aspects related to invasion), as well as potential invasive plants in the process of establishment. The management of potential invasive species and established species is briefly discussed.
Invasive species: ecology and impact of Lantana camara invasions.
Authors: Sharma G. P. , Raghubanshi A. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes the biological characteristics of invasive species (i.e. in terms of fitness homeostasis and phenotypic plasticity, interaction with animals, geographical range, vegetative reproduction, fire tolerance, competitive ability and allelopathy), the invasion process, and the deleterious effects of invasive species on ecosystem attributes, focusing on Lantana camara as one of the major invasive species in India. Management options against L. camara invasion are discussed.
Biology of Chromolaena odorata, Ageratina adenophora and Ageratina riparia: a review.
Authors: Tripathi R. S. , Yadav A. S. , Kushwaha S. P. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter covers the reproductive potential, population ecology (competitive interaction, allelopathic interaction, and effects of soil moisture, light intensity, and soil nitrogen on population density), origin, geographical distribution, invasion and management (physical, biological and chemical control methods) of E. odoratum [Chromolaena odorata], E. riparium and E. adenophorum [E. trapezoideum].
Predicting the geographical distribution of an invasive species (Chromolaena odorata L. (King) & H.E. Robins) in the Indian subcontinent under climate change scenarios.
Authors: Barik S. K. , Adhikari D. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes the application of ecological niche modelling (ENM) in depicting the current and future geographical distribution of C. odorata based on its ecological niche using 458 records collected for native range distributions in North and South America. The predictive capacity of the niche model transferred to the Indian subcontinent was evaluated by assessing the probability level at which the model was successful in correctly predicting the current distributional range of the selected species. The model calibration test for C. odorata in its native range yielded good results. Among the input environmental parameters, the climatic variables were more sensitive and contributed 62% to the structure of the modelled ecological niche of the species compared with the physiographic variables, which contributed only 38%. The thermal variables, i.e. mean annual temperature (20.4%) and mean annual minimum temperature (29%), governed the macro-scale niche characteristic. The niche model showed that the response of the species peaked at a mean annual temperature range of 15-25°C, and there was a consistent increase in responsiveness with an increase in mean annual minimum temperature. The niche model generated using native range distribution predicted most of the validation points in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent at >70% probability. However, some locations in central and southern India were predicted at a probability level of <30%. The areas suitable for C. odorata include Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal in the central Himalayas, and Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur and Assam in the eastern Himalayas. The model also shows environmental suitability in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. Areas adjacent to the Indian sub-region showing high suitability for the species include Nepal, Myanmar and Pakistan. The Western and Eastern Ghats, the central Himalayan region, and the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent are shown to be more susceptible to invasion by C. odorata under current climatic conditions and predicted future climate warming.