bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two step capture and purification of IgG2 using multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP)
Authors: Müller‐Späth T. , Aumann L. , Ströhlein G. , Kornmann H. , Valax P. , Delegrange L. , Charbaut E. , Baer G. , Lamproye A. , Jöhnck M. , Schulte M. , Morbidelli M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA two‐step chromatography process for monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification from clarified cell culture supernatant (cCCS) was developed using cation exchange Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) as a capture step. After an initial characterization of the cell culture supernatant the capture step was designed from a batch gradient elution chromatogram. A variety of chromatographic materials was screened for polishing of the MCSGP‐captured material in batch mode. Using multi‐modal anion exchange in bind‐elute mode, mAb was produced consistently within the purity specification. The benchmark was a state‐of‐the‐art 3‐step chromatographic process based on protein A, anion and cation exchange stationary phases. The performance of the developed 2‐step process was compared to this process in terms of purity, yield, productivity and buffer consumption. Finally, the potential of the MCSGP process was investigated by comparing its performance to that of a classical batch process that used the same stationary phase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 974–984. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Synthesis and Structure of the Prokineticin Bv8
Authors: Morales Rodrigo A. V. , Daly Norelle L. , Vetter Irina , Mobli Mehdi , Napier Ian A. , Craik David J. , Lewis Richard J. , Christie MacDonald J. , King Glenn F. , Alewood Paul F. , Durek Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBv8, a 77‐residue protein isolated from frogs, is the prototypic member of the prokineticin family of cytokines. Prokineticins (PKs) have only recently been identified in vertebrates (including humans), and they are believed to be involved in a number of key physiological processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, nociception, and tissue development. We used a combination of Boc solid‐phase peptide synthesis, native chemical ligation, and in vitro protein folding to establish robust chemical access to this molecule. Synthetic Bv8 was obtained in good yield and exhibited full activity in a human neuroblastoma cell line and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The 3D structure of the synthetic protein was determined by using NMR spectroscopy and it was found to be homologous with that of mamba intestinal toxin 1, which is the only other known prokineticin structure. Analysis of a truncated mutant lacking five residues at the N terminus that are critical for receptor binding and activation showed no perturbation to the core protein structure. Together with the functional data, this suggests that receptor binding is likely to be a highly cooperative process possibly involving major allosterically driven structural rearrangements. The facile and efficient synthesis presented here will enable preparation of unique chemical analogues of prokineticins, which should be powerful tools for modulating the structure and function of prokineticins and their receptors, and studying the many physiological processes that have been linked to them.
para‐Phenylene‐Bridged Spirobi(triarylamine) Dimer with Four Perpendicularly Linked Redox‐Active π Systems
Authors: Ito Akihiro , Hata Kazuhira , Kawamoto Kensuke , Hirao Yasukazu , Tanaka Kazuyoshi , Shiro Motoo , Furukawa Ko , Kato Tatsuhisa 
Published: July 2010

Abstractpara‐Phenylene‐bridged spirobi(triarylamine) dimer 2, in which π conjugation through four redox‐active triarylamine subunits is partially segregated by the unique perpendicular conformation, was prepared and characterized by structural, electrochemical, and spectroscopic methods. Quantum chemical calculations (DFT and CASSCF) predicted that the frontier molecular orbitals of 2 are virtually fourfold degenerate, so that the oxidized states of 2 can give intriguing electronic and magnetic properties. In fact, the continuous‐wave ESR spectroscopy of radical cation 2.+ showed that the unpaired electron was trapped in the inner two redox‐active dianisylamine subunits, and moreover was fully delocalized over them. Magnetic susceptibility measurements and pulsed ESR spectroscopy of the isolated salts of 2, which can be prepared by treatment with SbCl5, revealed that the generated tetracation 24+ decomposed mainly into a mixture of 1) a decomposed tetra(radical cation) consisting of a tri(radical cation) moiety and a trianisylamine radical cation moiety (≈75 %) and 2) a diamagnetic quinoid dication in a tetraanisyl‐p‐phenylendiamine moiety and two trianisylamine radical cation moieties (≈25 %). Furthermore, the spin‐quartet state of the tri(radical cation) moiety in the decomposed tetra(radical cation) was found to be in the ground state lying 30 cal mol−1 below the competing spin‐doublet state.
Hypervalent Silicon Compounds by Coordination of Diphosphine–Silanes to Gold
Authors: Gualco Pauline , Mercy Maxime , Ladeira Sonia , Coppel Yannick , Maron Laurent , Amgoune Abderrahmane , Bourissou Didier 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCoordination of ambiphilic diphosphine–silane ligands [o‐(iPr2P)C6H4]2Si(R)F (R=F, Ph, Me) to AuCl affords pentacoordinate neutral silicon compounds in which the metal atom acts as a Lewis base. X‐ray diffraction analyses, NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations substantiate the presence of Au→Si interactions in these complexes, which result in trigonal‐bipyramidal geometries around silicon. The presence of a single electron‐withdrawing fluorine atom is sufficient to observe coordination of the silane as a σ‐acceptor ligand, provided it is positioned trans to gold. The nature of the second substituent at silicon (R=F, Ph, Me) has very little influence on the magnitude of the Au→Si interaction, in marked contrast to N→Si adducts. According to variable‐temperature and 2D EXSY NMR experiments, the apical/equatorial positions around silicon exchange in the slow regime of the NMR timescale. The two forms, with the fluorine atom in trans or cis position to gold, were characterized spectroscopically and the activation barrier for their interconversion was estimated. The bonding and relative stability of the two isomeric structures were assessed by DFT calculations.
New life for schizophrenia psychotherapy in the light of phenomenology
Authors: Pérez‐Álvarez Marino , García‐Montes José M. , Vallina‐Fernández Oscar , Perona‐Garcelán Salvador , Cuevas‐Yust Carlos 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent contributions to the theoretical conception and empirical evaluation of schizophrenia in the light of phenomenology are opening the way to new perspectives in psychotherapy. The phenomenological conception understands schizophrenia as a disturbance of the basic sense of selfhood (ipseity) characterized by hyper‐reflexivity and diminished sense of self. Evaluation consists of examining the anomalous self‐experience in a series of domains, which makes the conception presented operable. On this basis, a phenomenologically informed psychotherapy is introduced. Its characteristics are pointed out and early intervention is reviewed (the last frontier in psychosis) from this perspective. Finally, a series of psychotherapies which, although they do not have a phenomenological origin, may be seen from that perspective, are re‐examined. These are the narrative, mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages:• The phenomenological conception can contribute to a new understanding of schizophrenia.• The phenomenological conception can contribute to evaluation of the subjective experience.• The phenomenological conception opens a new perspective for psychotherapy of schizophrenia.
Microtopographical and canopy cover controls on moss carbon dioxide exchange in a western Boreal Plain peatland
Authors: Petrone R. M. , Solondz D. S. , Macrae M. L. , Gignac D. , Devito K. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractClimate change may have profound impacts on the maintenance of peatlands and surface water systems in the sub‐humid western Boreal Plain (WBP) of Northwestern Canada. Wetlands in the WBP, whereas significant carbon stocks are sensitive to changes in climate, because in most years potential evapotranspiration (ET) exceeds precipitation. In this study, a dynamic closed chamber technique was used to examine the relative midday (10:00–16:00 h) growing season (April–October) contributions of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration (Rtot) and moss photosynthesis (gross ecosystem production, GEP) to net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 at the soil surface of different degrees of spruce forest canopy cover and microtopography (lawn and depression) in two peatland–pond complexes in the WBP, north–central Alberta, Canada. Results demonstrate that Sphagnum lawns showed the greatest amount of uptake, and dominant surface cover plant communities (Sphagnum and feather mosses) were associated more with canopy cover and incident radiation (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) than microclimate and hydrology. Although microclimate and hydrology varied spatially, no major changes in plant communities were observed across microtopographic gradients (lawns and depression). Differences in NEE with hydrology and microclimate were observed between microtopographic units (depression and lawns), but this was not consistent with surface cover plant community types, which makes generalized fluxes in this landscape particularly challenging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A matter of timing: Early, not chronic phase intestinal nematode infection restrains control of a concurrent enteric protozoan infection
Authors: Rausch Sebastian , Held Josephin , Stange Joerg , Lendner Matthias , Hepworth Matthew R. , Klotz Christian , Lucius Richard , Pogonka Thomas , Hartmann Susanne 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInfections with parasitic worms are often long lasting and associated with modulated immune responses. We analyzed the influence of the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri dwelling in the small intestine on concurrent protozoan infection with Eimeria falciformis residing in the cecum. To dissect the effects of a nematode infection in the early versus chronic phase, we infected animals with E. falciformis 6 or 28 days post H. p. bakeri infection. Only a concurrent early nematode infection led to an increased replication of the protozoan parasite, whereas a chronic worm infection had no influence on the control of E. falciformis. Increased protozoan replication correlated with the reduced production of IFN‐γ, IL‐12/23, CCL4, CXCL9 and CXCL10, reduced migration of T cells and increased expression of Foxp3 at the site of protozoan infection. This was accompanied by a stronger nematode‐specific Th2 response in gut‐draining LN. Protection of mice against challenge infections with the protozoan parasite was not altered. Hence, the detrimental effect of a nematode infection on the control of a concurrent protozoan infection is transient and occurs only in the narrow time window of the early phase of infection.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia maintains specific CD8+ T cells through IL‐7 signaling
Authors: Mumprecht Sabine , Schürch Christian , Scherrer Sandro , Claus Christina , Ochsenbein Adrian F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignant myeloproliferative disease of hematopoietic stem cells. The disease progresses after several years from an initial chronic phase to a blast phase. Leukemia‐specific T cells are regularly detected in CML patients and may be involved in the immunological control of the disease. Here, we analyzed the role of leukemia‐specific CD8+ T cells in CML disease control and the mechanism that maintains CD8+ T‐cell immunosurveillance in a retroviral‐induced murine CML model. To study antigen‐specific immune responses, the glycoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was used as model leukemia antigen. Leukemia‐specific CTL activity was detectable in vivo in CML mice and depletion of CD8+ T cells rapidly led to disease progression. CML‐specific CTL were characterized by the expression of the IL‐7 receptor α‐chain. In addition, leukemia cells produced IL‐7 that was crucial for the maintenance of leukemia‐specific CTL and for disease control. Therefore, CML cells maintain the specific CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated immune control by IL‐7 secretion. This results in prolonged control of disease and probably contributes to the characteristic chronic phase of the disease.
Indium‐Mediated Reaction of 1‐Bromo‐1‐nitroalkanes with Aldehydes: Access to 2‐Nitroalkan‐1‐ols
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Estévez Amalia M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel method for the preparation of 2‐nitroalkan‐1‐ols by an indium‐promoted reaction of bromonitromethane with a variety of aldehydes is reported. The reaction was also performed with 2‐bromo‐2‐nitropropanes to afford 2,2‐dialkyl‐2‐nitroalkan‐1‐ols. The use of chiral sugar‐derived aldehydes furnished the corresponding 2‐nitroalkan‐1‐ols with excellent stereoselectivity. The utility of the novel sugar‐derived 2,2‐dialkyl‐2‐nitroalkan‐1‐ols for the preparation of branched iminosugar derivatives was demonstrated by the preparation of a hydroxymethyl branched polyhydroxylated azepane.
Efficient Oxidative Cleavage of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Derivatives with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Iodide
Authors: Yuan Yu , Ji Xiang , Zhao Dongbo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractQuaternary ammonium iodide, a metal‐free and mild catalyst, was proven to be a successful catalyst in the oxidative cleavage of 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives with H2O2 as terminal oxidant. The mechanistic aspects of these “multistep” catalytic oxidations were discussed in terms of the catalytic cycle of the iodine species and the oxidative cleavage of the α carbon from the dicarbonyl compounds to generate the corresponding carboxylic acids.
Improved external device for a mass‐carrying sliding system for shaking table testing
Authors: Carrillo Julian , Alcocer Sergio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractShaking tables are suitable facilities to assess and validate the behavior of structures and nonstructural components under actual seismic actions. Because of the size and weight limitations of the tables, some approaches, like testing reduced‐scale models or testing only the main structural components, are deemed necessary. In these cases, to comply with modeling requirements, large amount of extra‐mass should be added to the specimen. Therefore, to avoid the risk of lateral instability of models, to maintain the weight of test specimens within table payload, while maintaining the amount of mass needed, an external device for transmitting the inertia forces to the models using an improved sliding system is proposed. Although friction devices for similar purposes have been developed using sliding bearings (Teflon pads or rollers), the measured coefficient of dynamic friction and the energy dissipated by friction have been very high. In order to drastically diminish the damping added to the specimen response when a friction device is used, the improved device employs a linear motion guide system (LMGS) with very low friction. Shaking table tests to collapse of reinforced concrete walls were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed device. Measured dynamic friction coefficients, spectral accelerations and hysteresis loops show that friction developed in the LMGS did not add any significant amount of damping into the specimen response. Thus, the proposed device is a reliable and suitable mass‐carrying sliding system (MCSS) for dynamic testing using medium‐size shaking tables. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hysteretic shear–flexure interaction model of reinforced concrete columns for seismic response assessment of bridges
Authors: Xu Shi‐Yu , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the methodology, model description, and calibration as well as the application of a coupled hysteretic model to account for nonlinear shear–flexure interactive behavior of RC columns under earthquakes, a critical consideration for seismic demand evaluation of bridges. The proposed hysteretic model consists of a flexure and a shear spring coupled at element level, whose nonlinear behavior are governed by the primary curves and a set of loading/unloading rules to capture the pinching, stiffness softening, and strength deterioration of columns due to combined effects of axial load, shear force, and bending moment. The shear–flexure interaction (SFI) is considered both at section level when theoretically generating the primary curves and at element level through global and local equilibrium. The model is implemented in a displacement‐based finite element framework and calibrated against a large number of column specimens from static cyclic tests to dynamic shake table tests. The numerical predictions by the proposed model show very good agreement with experimental data for both flexure‐ and shear‐dominated columns. The application of the proposed model for seismic assessment of bridges has been successfully demonstrated for a realistic prototype bridge. The factors affecting the SFI and its significance on bridge system response are also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of Soil–Structure Interaction on a reinforced concrete viaduct
Authors: Grange S. , Botrugno L. , Kotronis P. , Tamagnini C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical strategy to model a three‐pier viaduct made of prestressed concrete. The viaduct was tested pseudodynamically in ELSA laboratory (JRC Ispra, Italy). During the experimental campaign, only the three piers were tested, whereas the behaviour of the deck was simulated using the finite element method. The first part of the paper presents a numerical model of the viaduct based on the Timoshenko multifibre beam elements and non‐linear constitutive laws. Comparisons with the experimental results show the good performance of the approach. In the second part, a parametric study is carried out showing the influence of Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI). Various types of soils are considered using a recently developed macro‐element representing a rigid shallow foundation. The macro‐element is suitable for dynamic (seismic) loadings and it takes into account the plasticity of the soil, the uplift of the foundation, P−θ effects and the radiative damping. Finally, the numerical results are compared with the ones coming from a classical engineering approach using linear elastic springs at the base of the piers. This comparison shows that SSI is a complex phenomenon inducing displacements and internal forces in the structure that are difficult to predict with the linear approach. Based on the results obtained in this paper, it seems now possible to use this approach to investigate numerically the behaviour of a wider variety of configurations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytic performance evaluation of MIMO OFDM with pilot‐aided channel estimation on doubly selective channels
Authors: Carbonelli C. , Franz S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this work, the effects of channel estimation errors on the performance of a maximum likelihood detector (MLD) in a MIMO OFDM system are assessed. The analysis is conducted in the framework of a long‐term evolution (LTE) air interface and is based on a robust pilot aided channel estimator. The correlation coefficient between the estimate and the real channel is computed and the impact of interpolation errors on the detector is evaluated as a function of key design parameters such as the pilot spacing and the number of transmit antennas. The effect of partial knowledge of the channel statistics at the receiver side is studied with special emphasis on the role of the delay and Doppler spread of the channel. Our analysis accounts for both time and frequency selectivity of the channel and thus also for the intercarrier interference arising in a typical time varying propagation scenario. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards integrated community mental health teams for older people in England: progress and new insights
Authors: Wilberforce Mark , Harrington Val , Brand Christian , Tucker Sue , Abendstern Michele , Challis David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate progress in joint working within community mental health teams for older people (CMHTsOP) against a range of national standards, and to consider team characteristics that may hinder or facilitate integrated practice.MethodsA postal questionnaire was sent to the managers of all CMHTsOP in England. A total of 376 teams responded representing a response rate of 87.7%. Hypothesis testing and regression analysis, using a composite score based on nine indicators of integration, were conducted to address the study's aims.ResultsWhilst the study suggests that progress was being made against a number of key standards of joint working, the study finds that most teams could not access local authority service user records, nor were health staff within most teams able to commission social care services. After controlling for other characteristics, teams with the lowest levels of integration tended to work across multiple local authorities; were managed by a nurse; had high referral rates and were located in formally integrated Care Trusts.ConclusionsImproved integration could develop by NHS Trusts and local authorities encouraging more information sharing, and further delegating powers to arrange social care services to CMHTOP members. The paper highlights team and locality features that appear to cause obstacles to joint working, but there is a clear gap in the evidence relating team structures and characteristics to the quality of patient care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on “Fast determination of the optimal rotational matrix for macromolecular superpositions” [J. Comp. Chem. 31, 1561 (2010)]
Authors: Kneller Gerald R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecently Liu et al. published a fast algorithm to solve the eigenvector problem arising in the quaternion‐based method for the rotational superposition of molecular structures (J Comput Chem 2010, 31, 1561.). In this Comment, it is shown that the construction of the 4 × 4 matrix to be diagonalized—and not the diagonalization itself—represents the dominating part of the computational effort for the quaternion‐based solution of the rotational superposition problem if molecules with more than about 100 atoms are considered. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010