bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The presence of aberrant DNA methylation in noncancerous esophageal mucosae in association with smoking history
Authors: Oka Daiji , Yamashita Satoshi , Tomioka Tadashi , Nakanishi Yukihiro , Kato Hoichi , Kaminishi Michio , Ushijima Toshikazu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) tend to have multiple primary lesions, and it is believed that they arise from background mucosae with accumulation of genetic/epigenetic alterations. In this study, the objective was to elucidate the effects of smoking and drinking on the accumulation of epigenetic alterations in background mucosae.METHODS:Genes that are silenced in human ESCCs were searched for by treating 3 ESCC cell lines with the demethylating agent, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine and performing oligonucleotide microarrays. Methylation levels were analyzed by quantitative methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction analysis of 60 ESCCs and their corresponding background mucosae.RESULTS:Forty‐seven genes were identified as methylation‐silenced in at least 1 of the 3 ESCC cell lines, and 14 of those genes (claudin 6 [CLDN6]; G protein‐coupled receptor 158 [GPR158]; homeobox A9 [HOXA9]; metallothionein 1M [MT1M]; neurofilament, heavy polypeptide 200 kDa [NEFH]; plakophilin 1 [PKP1]; protein phosphatase 1, regulatory [inhibitor] subunit 14A [PPP1R14A]; pyrin domain and caspase recruitment domain containing [PYCARD]; R‐spondin family, member 4 [RSPO4]; testis‐specific protein, Y‐encoded–like 5 [TSPYL5]; ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal esterase L1 [UCHL1]; zinc‐finger protein 42 homolog [ZFP42]; zinc‐finger protein interacting with K protein 1 homolog [ZIK1]; and zinc‐finger and SCAN domain containing 18 [ZSCAN18]) were used as markers. In the background mucosae, methylation levels of 5 genes (HOXA9, MT1M, NEFH, RSPO4, and UCHL1) had significant correlations with smoking duration (ρ = .268; P = .044; ρ = .405; P = .002; ρ = .285; P = .032; ρ = .300; P = .024; and ρ = .437; P = .001, respectively). In contrast, an inverse correlation between PYCARD methylation levels and alcohol intake was observed (ρ = −.334, P = .025) among individuals with the inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype.CONCLUSIONS:The current results suggested that ESCCs developed from an epigenetic field for cancerization, which was induced by exposure to carcinogenic factors, such as tobacco smoking. The epigenetic field defect will be a novel target for risk diagnosis and prevention of ESCCs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The clinical application of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to predict survival in patients with operable esophageal cancer
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Nakajima Masanobu , Sohda Makoto , Tanaka Naritaka , Inose Takanori , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Fukuchi Minoru , Oriuchi Noboru , Endo Keigo , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Metabolic tumor activity using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) was believed to have a predictive value for patient outcome in malignancies. The objective of the current study was to assess the prognostic effectiveness of the highest standardized uptake value (SUV) in the primary or regional area (peak SUV) and the number of PET‐positive lymph nodes in esophageal cancer.METHODS:The authors retrospectively reviewed their experience with 184 consecutive esophageal cancer patients imaged preoperatively using FDG‐PET scanning.RESULTS:The median peak SUV was 4.5 (range, 1.4‐21.9). The survival curve was analyzed using the median peak SUV as the cutoff value. Comparison of each group and clinicopathologic characteristics revealed significant associations between peak SUV and each of the following factors: tumor status (P < .001), lymph node status (P < .001), metastatic status (P < .05), stage of disease (P < .001), number of PET‐positive lymph nodes (P < .001), and the number of histologically positive lymph nodes (P < .001). The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate for patients having FDG uptake with a peak SUV ≥4.5 was 47% and that for patients with a peak SUV <4.5 was 76% (P < .0001). On multivariate survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, peak SUV and the number of PET‐positive lymph nodes were found to be independent predictive factors for OS. The number of PET‐positive lymph nodes was a single prognostic factor predicting both disease‐free survival and OS.CONCLUSIONS:Pretreatment PET cannot only potentially diagnose the extent of disease, but also may be predictive of patient survival after esophageal cancer resection. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cervical cancer histology and tumor differentiation affect 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake
Authors: Kidd Elizabeth A. , Spencer Christopher R. , Huettner Phyllis C. , Siegel Barry A. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Rader Janet S. , Grigsby Perry W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the variation in cervical cancer glucose metabolism for different tumor histologies and levels of differentiation, as measured by the uptake of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) by positron emission tomography (PET).METHODS:The study population consisted of 240 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages Ib1 through IVb cervical cancer, who underwent a pretreatment FDG‐PET. Tumor histology included 221 squamous cell (SC), 4 adenosquamous (AS), and 15 adenocarcinoma (AC) tumors. There were 14 well, 145 moderately, and 81 poorly differentiated tumors. The stage distribution was as follows: 70 stage I tumors (9 AC, 2 AS, and 59 SC), 102 stage II tumors (3 AC, 1 AS, and 98 SC), 64 stage III tumors (3 AC, 1 AS, and 60 SC), and 4 stage IV tumors (4 SC). From the FDG‐PET, maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was determined. The variation in SUVmax was analyzed for differences based on tumor histology and differentiation.RESULTS:For all patients, the mean SUVmax was 11.62 (range, 2.50‐50.39). The mean SUVmax by histology was as follows: SC, 11.91 (range, 2.50‐50.39); AS, 8.85 (range, 6.53‐11.26); and AC, 8.05 (range, 2.83‐13.92). Squamous versus nonsquamous tumors demonstrated a significant difference in SUVmax (P = .0153). SUVmax and tumor volume were not found to be correlated (R2 = 0.013). The mean SUVmax was 8.58 for well‐differentiated, 11.56 for moderately differentiated, and 12.23 for poorly differentiated tumors. The mean SUVmax was significantly different for well‒differentiated versus poorly differentiated cervical tumors (P = .0474).CONCLUSIONS:Cervical tumor FDG uptake varied by histology and differentiation. SC tumors demonstrated a significantly higher SUVmax compared with nonsquamous cell tumors, and poorly differentiated tumors also had a higher SUVmax. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Enhanced high‐performance distributed coordination function for IEEE 802.11 multi‐rate LANs
Authors: Ke Chih‐Heng , Li Bin , Huang Yueh‐Min , Chang J. Morris 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo compensate for the effects of fading in wireless channels, IEEE 802.11 systems utilize a rate‐adaptation mechanism to accomplish a multi‐rate capability. However, the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function results in a fundamental performance anomaly in multi‐rate networks; namely, when stations with different transmission rates collide, the throughput performance of the high‐rate station is significantly degraded by the relatively longer channel occupancy time of the low‐rate station. This study resolves this problem through the use of an enhanced high‐performance distributed coordination function (EHDCF) protocol. While most existing solutions to the multi‐rate performance anomaly problem have the form of simple contention‐based protocols, EHDCF has two modes, namely a contending mode and an active mode. In the proposed protocol, new stations joining the network are assigned a contending mode, but switch to an active node (and are therefore permitted to transmit data packets) as soon as they have gained access to the channel. Having transmitted a data packet, the active node then selects the next transmission station in accordance with a probability‐based rule designed such that the high‐rate stations within the network receive a greater number of transmission opportunities than the low‐rate stations. The simulation results show that the EHDCF protocol not only yields a significant improvement in the network throughput but also guarantees the temporal fairness of all the stations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suzuki Cross‐Coupling at the Chiral Groove of 1,1′‐Binaphthyl: Stereoconservation versus Deracemization Pathway
Authors: Brath Henrich , Mešková Michaela , Putala Martin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe use of monophos as a ligand in the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki diarylation of 2,2′‐diiodo‐1,1′‐binaphthyl under optimized conditions followed a stereoconservative course. However, some chiral P ligands were found to be capable of inducing stereogenic information during this coupling, regardless of the configuration of the starting diiodide. Among those ligands tested in the deracemization approach, binap exhibited the highest level of asymmetric induction, yielding diarylated product in 83 % ee starting from racemic diiodide. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Studies of 2‐Azaazulenium Derivatives: The Natures of Electron Transitions in the 2‐Azaazulenium Cation and in Monomethine Cyanine Dyes Bearing 2‐Azaazulenium Moieties as Terminal Groups
Authors: Bricks Julia , Ryabitskii Aleksey , Kachkovskii Alexei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA series of novel monomethine cyanine dyes derived from 2‐azaazulene have been synthesized. Combined spectral and quantum‐chemical investigations of their molecular geometries and of their electronic structures and the natures of their lowest electron transitions have been performed. The analysis results obtained by ab initio and semiempirical methods, together with experimental data obtained from absorption and 13C NMR spectra, have shown that there is practically no difference between the charge distributions over the π‐electron systems in the ground state in a reference 2‐azaazulenium salt and in monomethine cyanines bearing 2‐azaazulene as a terminal group, because these are not dependent on the relative locations of molecular orbitals. However, the spectral properties of – and correspondingly the natures of electron transitions in – the chromophores of the salt and of the monomethine cyanine are drastically different, due to the different mechanisms of frontier molecular orbital generation. Similar differences in properties in ground and excited states are observed for unsymmetrical monomethine cyanines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Sindbis virus as a model for studies of conformational changes in a metastable virus and the role of conformational changes in in vitro antibody neutralisation
Authors: Hernandez Raquel , Paredes Angel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSindbis virus has long been the prototypical alphavirus used in the study of assembly of icosahedral viruses which contain membranes. Much is known about the assembly pathway and molecular architecture of this virus, and models of mechanisms of infection and release of the viral RNA have been proposed. This review will focus on the structural aspects of in vitro antibody neutralisation of a metastable alphavirus, Sindbis virus, which results from antibody induced conformational changes. For the alphaviruses, structures of in vitro antibody induced conformational neutralisation for Sindbis virus, and receptor occlusion for Sindbis and Ross River virus (RRV) have been reported. A model is presented which could extend the mechanism of antibody induced conformational neutralisation to any metastable virus structure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual software evolution reconstruction
Authors: D'Ambros Marco , Lanza Michele 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe analysis of the evolution of large software systems is challenging for many reasons, such as the retrieval and processing of historical information and the large quantity of data that must be dealt with. While recent advances in research have led to the solutions to these problems, a central question remains: How do we deal with this information in a methodical way and where do we start with our analysis? We present a methodology based on interactive visualizations that support the reconstruction of the evolution of software systems. We propose several visualizations which help us to perform software evolution analysis of a system ‘in the large’ and ‘in the small’, and apply them to two large systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomical connections between brain areas activated during rectal distension in healthy volunteers: A visceral pain network
Authors: Moisset Xavier , Bouhassira Didier , Ducreux Denis , Glutron Dominique , Coffin Benoit , Sabaté Jean‐Marc 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDiffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a promising new imaging method allowing in vivo mapping of anatomical connections in the living human brain. We combined DTI with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the anatomical relationships between areas involved in visceral sensations in humans.Non‐painful and moderately painful rectal distensions were performed in 11 healthy women (38.4 ± 3.1 years). fMRI was used to analyse the changes in brain activity during both types of distension. Then, DTI was applied for tracking fibers between the main activated regions.Non‐painful distension bilaterally activated the PreFrontal Cortex (PFC), the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) and the right insula. Painful distension bilaterally activated the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices, the motor cortex, the frontal inferior gyrus, the thalamus, the insula, the striatum and the cerebellum. DTI revealed direct connections between insula, and the four areas more frequently activated in this study, i.e. ACC, thalamus, S1, S2 and PFC.The combined use of fMRI and DTI in healthy subjects during rectal distension revealed a neural network of visceral sensory perception involving the insula, thalamus, somatosensory cortices, ACC and PFC.
Local anaesthesia for manipulation of nasal fractures: systematic review
Authors: Chadha N K , Repanos C , Carswell A J 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:To determine the most effective local anaesthetic method for manipulation of nasal fractures, and to compare the efficacy of local anaesthesia with that of general anaesthesia.Method:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Databases:Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, National Research Register and metaRegister of Controlled Trials.Included studies:We included randomised, controlled trials comparing general anaesthesia with local anaesthesia or comparing different local anaesthetic techniques. Non-randomised studies were also systematically reviewed and appraised. No language restrictions were applied.Results:Five randomised, controlled trials were included, three comparing general anaesthesia versus local anaesthesia and two comparing different local anaesthetic methods. No significant differences were found between local anaesthesia and general anaesthesia as regards pain, cosmesis or nasal patency. The least painful local anaesthetic method was topical tetracaine gel applied to the nasal dorsum together with topical intranasal cocaine solution. Minimal adverse events were reported with local anaesthesia.Conclusions:Local anaesthesia appears to be a safe and effective alternative to general anaesthesia for pain relief during nasal fracture manipulation, with no evidence of inferior outcomes. The least uncomfortable local anaesthetic method included topical tetracaine gel.
Acute upper airway obstruction caused by massive oedema of the tongue: unusual complication of sialoendoscopy
Authors: Baptista P , Gimeno C V , Salvinelli F , Rinaldi V , Casale M 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:To underline the importance of accurate clinical evaluation of major salivary gland obstructions, in order to choose the right surgical approach and to reduce the risk of complications.Case report:We report a case of an unusual, previously unreported upper airway obstruction caused by massive swelling of the tongue following a successful sialoendoscopy, performed for treatment of submandibular sialolithiasis under general anaesthesia.Conclusions:Sialoendoscopy has gained popularity and is an accepted method for diagnosis and treatment of most inflammatory conditions of the major salivary glands. It can be performed as an out-patient procedure under local anaesthesia, and is not usually associated with significant complications. However, in the presence of larger stones (>4 mm) of the submandibular gland, we suggest that interventional sialoendoscopy should be performed under general anaesthesia with optimal airway control, in order to manage the major risk of perforations and ductal lesions enabling spread of saline solution into the mouth tissues and causing life-threatening swelling of the floor of the mouth and tongue.
Population biology and reproduction of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus (Decapoda: Anomura) in an estuarine region of southern Brazil
Authors: Sant'Anna Bruno Sampaio , Reigada Álvaro Luiz Diogo , Pinheiro Marcelo Antonio Amaro 
Published: May 2009

The population dynamics and reproduction of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus were evaluated on Pescadores Beach, located on the estuarine channel of São Vicente (São Paulo), Brazil. The hermit crabs were captured by hand during low tide, from May 2001 to April 2003. A total of 2554 hermit crabs were captured, of which 701 were males, 1741 non-ovigerous females, 48 ovigerous females and 64 intersex individuals. The size–frequency distribution of the males was represented by a platykurtic bell-shaped curve, which differed from the leptokurtic bell-shaped curve of the females. The smaller and intermediate classes were composed mainly of females (modal size 6.5–7.5 mm carapace shield length (CSL)), and the larger classes only by males (modal size 9.5–10.5 mm CSL). The overall sex-ratio was skewed toward females (0.39:1/M:F), differing significantly from the expected 1:1. A seasonal reproductive pattern was recorded for C. vittatus in this location, with more intensive reproductive activity in the warmer months. The absence of juveniles suggests that their recruitment area is different than the area inhabited by adults, possibly another area with more protection and specialized or different resources for young.
Meeting market demand in the organic sector: Handler–supplier relationships in the face of tight supply
Authors: Dimitri C. , Oberholtzer L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPeriodic shortfalls of organic food have been commonplace in the USA. Shortages, created when demand grows faster than supply, have been exacerbated by relatively slow growth of certified organic farmland (in comparison to growth in retail sales) over the past decade. Organic intermediaries, referred to as handlers in the US national organic standards, work with farmers and other handlers in moving organic products along the supply chain, and are often the first to feel the effects of tight supplies at the farm level. These firms have a variety of mechanisms available to procure needed ingredients when organic products are in short supply: contracts with suppliers, encouraging suppliers to transition to organic, working with suppliers to increase their output, working with new suppliers, providing technical assistance with organic standards and production methods, and making less than load shipment arrangements with suppliers. Survey data collected from certified organic handlers are used to identify characteristics that make it more likely that an organic handler will undertake activities with suppliers to affect the supply of organic products. Handlers most likely to work with their suppliers had been in business for longer periods of time, bought from growers or grower cooperatives, and were more likely to be wholesalers. Handlers who consider price as important were less likely to undertake activities with their supplies to increase the supply or flow of organic products.
Biodynamic agriculture research progress and priorities
Authors: Turinek M. , Grobelnik-Mlakar S. , Bavec M. , Bavec F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBiodynamic (BD) agriculture became the subject of research efforts during the past decades, whereas a part of the scientific community looks at the BD method with skepticism and marks it as dogmatic. Nevertheless, as explored in this review, a fair share of the available peer-reviewed research results of controlled field experiments as well as case studies show effects of BD preparations on yield, soil quality and biodiversity. Moreover, BD preparations express a positive environmental impact in terms of energy use and efficiency. However, the underlying natural science mechanistic principle of BD preparations is still under investigation. In addition, quality determination methods, based on holistic approaches, are increasingly being investigated and recognized. BD farming strives, as manifested in several publications, to positively impact cultural landscape design as well. Summarized data showed that further research is needed and thus encouraged in the field of food quality comparison/determination, food safety, environmental performance (e.g., footprints), and on the effects of BD farming practices on farm animals.
Networking Phylogeny for Indo-European and Austronesian Languages
Authors: Blanchard Philippe , Petroni Filippo , Serva Maurizio , Volchenkov Dimitri 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHarnessing cognitive abilities of many individuals, a language evolves upon their mutual interactions establishing a persistent social environment to which language is closely attuned. Human history is encoded in the rich sets of linguistic data by means of symmetry patterns that are not always feasibly represented by trees. Here we use the methods developed in the study of complex networks to decipher accurately symmetry records on the language phylogeny of the Indo-European and the Austronesian language families, considering, in both cases, the samples of fifty different languages. In particular, we support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin and the ‘express train’ model of Austronesian expansion from South-East Asia, with an essential role for the Batanes islands located between the Philippines and Taiwan.