bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects analysis of imperfections on multi-antenna transceiving systems
Authors: Li Huiyong , An Qi , Jia Kexin , Wu Hao , He Zishu 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Multi-antenna transceiving systems are widely used in high speed wireless communications due to its higher efficiency comparing to its traditional single-antenna counterparts. In this article, the performance effects of some inevitable imperfections are elaborated on multi-antenna transceiving systems. The simulation results are also displayed. An effective method for phase noise elimination is presented and validated using simulation examples.
Coupled fixed point of generalized contractive mappings on partially ordered G-metric spaces
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Sintunavarat Wutiphol , Kumam Poom 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Coupled fixed point results for nonlinear contraction mappings having a mixed monotone property in a partially ordered G-metric space due to Choudhury and Maity are extended and unified. We also provide example to validate the main results in this article.

Mathematics Subject classification (2000): 47H10; 54H25.
Up-Regulation of Platelet-Activating Factor Synthases and its Receptor in Spinal Cord Contribute to Development of Neuropathic Pain following Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Okubo Masamichi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Kobayashi Kimiko , Kanda Hirosato , Dai Yi , Noguchi Koichi 
Published: March 2012

Background: Platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a lipid mediator derived from cell membrane. It has been reported that PAF is involved in various pathological conditions, such as spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain and intrathecal administration of PAF leads to tactile allodynia. However, the expression of PAF synthases and its receptor in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury is unknown. Methods: Using the rat spared nerve injury (SNI) model, we investigated the expression of PAF synthases (LPCAT1 and 2) and PAF receptor (PAFr) mRNAs in the spinal cord. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and double-labeling analysis of in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) with immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed for the analyses. Pain behaviors were also examined with PAFr antagonist (WEB2086). Results: RT-PCR showed that LPCAT2 mRNA was increased in the ipsilateral spinal cord after injury, but not LPCAT1 mRNA. Double-labeling of ISHH with IHC revealed that LPCAT1 and 2 mRNAs were constitutively expressed by a subset of neurons, and LPCAT2 mRNA was increased in spinal microglia after nerve injury. RT-PCR showed that PAFr mRNA was dramatically increased in the ipsilateral spinal cord after nerve injury. Double-labeling analysis of ISHH with IHC revealed that after injury PAFr mRNA was predominantly colocalized with microglia in the spinal cord. Continuous intrathecal administration of the PAFr antagonist suppressed mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury. Delayed administration of a PAFr antagonist did not reverse the mechanical allodynia. Conclusions: Our data show the histological localization of PAF synthases and its receptor in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury, and suggest that PAF/PAFr signaling in the spinal cord acts in an autocrine or paracrine manner among the activated microglia and neurons, thus contributing to development of neuropathic pain.
Application of imputation methods to genomic selection in Chinese Holstein cattle
Authors: Weng Ziqing , Zhang Zhe , Ding Xiangdong , Fu Weixuan , Ma Peipei , Wang Chonglong , Zhang Qin 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Missing genotypes are a common feature of high density SNP datasets obtained using SNP chip technology and this is likely to decrease the accuracy of genomic selection. This problem can be circumvented by imputing the missing genotypes with estimated genotypes. When implementing imputation, the criteria used for SNP data quality control and whether to perform imputation before or after data quality control need to consider. In this paper, we compared six strategies of imputation and quality control using different imputation methods, different quality control criteria and by changing the order of imputation and quality control, against a real dataset of milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cattle. The results demonstrated that, no matter what imputation method and quality control criteria were used, strategies with imputation before quality control performed better than strategies with imputation after quality control in terms of accuracy of genomic selection. The different imputation methods and quality control criteria did not significantly influence the accuracy of genomic selection. We concluded that performing imputation before quality control could increase the accuracy of genomic selection, especially when the rate of missing genotypes is high and the reference population is small.
Association between inhaled nitric oxide treatment and long-term pulmonary function in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Dellinger R Phillip , Trzeciak Stephen W , Criner Gerard J , Zimmerman Janice L , Taylor Robert W , Usansky Helen , Young Joseph , Goldstein Brahm 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Assessment of treatments for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has focused on short-term outcomes (for example, mortality); little information exists regarding long-term effects of ARDS treatment. Survivors of ARDS episodes may have long-term obstructive/restrictive pulmonary abnormalities and pulmonary gas exchange impairment. A 2004 prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in patients with non-septic ARDS; the primary endpoint was days alive and off assisted breathing. This analysis examined potential effects of iNO or placebo on pulmonary function six months post-treatment in ARDS survivors from that original study.

Methods
ARDS survivors (N = 92) from a large-scale randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluating mortality after either 5 ppm iNO or placebo for up to 28 days were assessed six months post-treatment. Pulmonary function testing across seven parameters was conducted.

Results
At 6 months post-treatment, results indicated significantly better absolute values for iNO versus placebo for mean ± SD total lung capacity (TLC, 5.54 ± 1.42 vs. 4.81 ± 1.00; P = 0.026). There were also significantly better values for mean ± SD percent predicted values for a) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1, 80.23 ± 21.21 vs. 69.51 ± 28.97; P = 0.042), b) forced vital capacity (FVC, 83.78 ± 19.37 vs. 69.84 ± 27.40; P = 0.019), c) FEV1/FVC (96.14 ± 13.79 vs. 87.92 ± 19.77; P = 0.033), and d) TLC (93.33 ± 18.21 vs. 76.10 ± 21.84; P < 0.001). Nonsignificant differences were found in absolute FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FVC, forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of FVC, functional residual capacity, and CO diffusion.

Conclusions
ARDS patients surviving after treatment with low-dose iNO had significantly better values for select pulmonary function tests at six months post-treatment than placebo-treated patients. Further trials are warranted to determine the effects of iNO on chronic lung function in ARDS survivors, a factor in long-term morbidity and quality of life in this population.

Trial Registration
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Dose-response Study of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. NCT number: ISRCTN53268296
Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Study of Allophane
Authors: Hatakeyama Moriaki , Hara Takayoshi , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Shimazu Shogo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The structure of allophane heat-treated at 623, 773, and 973 K was characterized by 27Al cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning (CP-MAS) and 27Al multiple-quantum magic-angle-spinning (MQMAS) NMR. From these spectra, the structural change of allophane was observed over 623 K, i.e., the formation of five-coordinated Al from the original six-coordinated Al in allophane was confirmed after heat treatment. We concluded that Al atoms in the five-coordinated species have been formed by the OH elimination from six-coordinated Al in allophane. In addition, aluminosilicate layer deformation also took place to form silica and alumina thin layers separately. The results of 31P MAS NMR studies indicate the Lewis acid sites rather than Brønsted acid sites increased with a rise in the treatment temperature.
Synthesis of New Perovskite-Type Oxyfluoride, PbMnO2F
Authors: Katsumata Tetsuhiro , Nakashima Mamoru , Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Tsurui Takao 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
New perovskite-type oxyfluoride, PbMnO2F was synthesized under 4–7 GPa at 1000 °C. As a result of X-ray and electron diffractions, the compound was determined to have tetragonal perovskite structure with a × a × 4c super structure where a and c are the lattice parameters of the perovskite subcell. The tetragonality, c/a, attained maximum, c/a = 1.100, for PbMnO2F synthesized under 4 GPa.
Direct Carboxylation of Thiophenes and Benzothiophenes with the Aid of EtAlCl2
Authors: Nemoto Koji , Onozawa Satoru , Konno Megumi , Morohashi Naoya , Hattori Tetsutaro 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Thiophenes and benzothiophenes bearing alkyl or aryl substituents at the 2- or 3-positions are successfully carboxylated with CO2 with aid of EtAlCl2 to give the corresponding 2- or 3-carboxylic acids in up to 90% yield.
Strict X-ray beam collimation for facial bones examination can increase lens exposure
Authors: Powys R , Robinson J , Kench P L , Ryan J , Brennan P C 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: It is well accepted that collimation is a cost-effective dose-reducing tool for X-ray examinations. This phantom-based study investigated the impact of X-ray beam collimation on radiation dose to the lenses of the eyes and thyroid along with the effect on image quality in facial bone radiography.
Methods: A three-view series (occipitomental, occipitomental 30 and lateral) was investigated, and radiation doses to the lenses and thyroid were measured using an Unfors dosemeter. Images were assessed by six experienced observers using a visual grading analysis and a total of 5400 observations were made.
Results: Strict collimation significantly (p&lt;0.0001) reduced the radiation dose to the lenses of the eyes and thyroid when using a fixed projection-specific exposure. With a variable exposure technique (fixed exit dose, to simulate the behaviour of an automatic exposure control), while strict collimation was again shown to reduce thyroid dose, higher lens doses were demonstrated when compared with larger fields of exposure. Image quality was found to significantly improve using strict collimation, with observer preference being demonstrated using visual grading characteristic curves.
Conclusion: The complexities of optimising radiographic techniques have been shown and the data presented emphasise the importance of examining dose-reducing strategies in a comprehensive way.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: correlation with pathological examination
Authors: Xu H-X , Chen L-D , Liu L-N , Zhang Y-F , Guo L-H , Liu C 
Published: February 2012

Objective: To investigate the correlation between enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and pathological findings.
Methods: The CEUS enhancement patterns of 40 pathologically proven ICC lesions were retrospectively analysed. Pathologically, the degree of tumour cell and fibrosis distribution in the lesion was semi-quantitatively evaluated.
Results: 4 enhancement patterns were observed in the arterial phase for 32 mass-forming ICCs: peripheral rim-like hyperenhancement (n=19); heterogeneous hyperenhancement (n=6); homogeneous hyperenhancement (n=3); and heterogeneous hypo-enhancement (n=4). Among the four enhancement patterns, the differences in tumour cell distribution were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). The hyperenhancing area on CEUS corresponded to more tumour cells for mass-forming ICCs. Heterogeneous hyperenhancement (n=2) and heterogeneous hypo-enhancement (n=2) were observed in the arterial phase for four periductal infiltrating ICCs. In this subtype, fibrosis was more commonly found in the lesions. Heterogeneous hyperenhancement (n=1) and homogeneous hyperenhancement (n=3) were observed in the arterial phase for four intraductal growing ICCs. This subtype tended to have abundant tumour cells.
Conclusion: The CEUS findings of ICC relate to the degree of carcinoma cell proliferation at pathological examination. Hyperenhancing areas in the tumour always indicated increased density of cancer cells.
Three-dimensional sampling perfection with application-optimised contrasts using a different flip angle evolutions sequence for routine imaging of the spine: preliminary experience
Authors: Tins B , Cassar-Pullicino V , Haddaway M , Nachtrab U 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: The bulk of spinal imaging is still performed with conventional two-dimensional sequences. This study assesses the suitability of three-dimensional sampling perfection with application-optimised contrasts using a different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) sequence for routine spinal imaging.
Methods: 62 MRI examinations of the spine were evaluated by 2 examiners in consensus for the depiction of anatomy and presence of artefact. We noted pathologies that might be missed using the SPACE sequence only or the SPACE and a sagittal T 1 weighted sequence. The reference standards were sagittal and axial T 1 weighted and T 2 weighted sequences. At a later date the evaluation was repeated by one of the original examiners and an additional examiner.
Results: There was good agreement of the single evaluations and consensus evaluation for the conventional sequences: κ&gt;0.8, confidence interval (CI)&gt;0.6–1.0. For the SPACE sequence, depiction of anatomy was very good for 84% of cases, with high interobserver agreement, but there was poor interobserver agreement for other cases. For artefact assessment of SPACE, κ=0.92, CI=0.92–1.0. The SPACE sequence was superior to conventional sequences for depiction of anatomy and artefact resistance. The SPACE sequence occasionally missed bone marrow oedema. In conjunction with sagittal T 1 weighted sequences, no abnormality was missed. The isotropic SPACE sequence was superior to conventional sequences in imaging difficult anatomy such as in scoliosis and spondylolysis.
Conclusion: The SPACE sequence allows excellent assessment of anatomy owing to high spatial resolution and resistance to artefact. The sensitivity for bone marrow abnormalities is limited.
Home Sweet Home: Entrepreneurs' Location Choices and the Performance of Their Ventures
Authors: Dahl Michael S. , Sorenson Olav 
Published: February 2012

Entrepreneurs, even more than employees, tend to locate in regions in which they have deep roots (“home” regions). Here, we examine the performance implications of these choices. Whereas one might expect entrepreneurs to perform better in these regions because of their richer endowments of regionally embedded social capital, they might also perform worse if their location choices rather reflect a preference for spending time with family and friends. We examine this question using comprehensive data on Danish start-ups. Ventures perform better—survive longer and generate greater annual profits and cash flows—when located in regions in which their founders have lived longer. This effect appears substantial, similar in size to the value of prior experience in the industry (i.e., to being a spin-off). This paper was accepted by Gérard P. Cachon, organizations.
Conflict, Closeness and Comfort: The Inter-Twin Relationship as a Risk Factor for Behavioral Difficulties
Authors: Bekkhus Mona , Staton Sally , Borge Anne Inger H. , Thorpe Karen 
Published: February 2012

Background: There is currently little evidence concerning the impact of the inter-twin relationship on behavioral outcomes and yet the twin relationship is frequently hypothesized to be a unique source of psychopathology in twins. The current study asked whether the inter-twin relationship is a predictor of behavioral difficulties and whether there are zygosity differences in this relationship.Method: An Australian sample of same sex twins (N = 356, 164 MZ and 192 DZ) was studied in the year prior to school (Time 1) and again in first year of school (Time 2). Associations between twin-relationship and behavior problems were examined via path-analysis, and Satorra-Bentler chi-square difference tests were used to compare twins across zygosity.Results: Results show that both conflict and lower levels of warmth at Time 1 were predictive of hyperactivity and conduct disorder at Time 2, but they were not associated with emotional difficulties or peer problems. While DZ twins shared less warmth than MZ twins, there were no differences in behavior problems.Conclusion: Conflict and lower levels of warmth in the inter-twin relationship are associated with hyperactivity and conduct disorder and may serve as important considerations when making decisions regarding class separation at entry to school.
From Flexible to Hard Polyurethane Aerogels: The Effect of Molecular Functionality vs. Molecular Rigidity
Authors: Chidambareswarapattar Chakkaravarthy , Loebs Jared M. , Larimore Zachary J. , McCarver Patrick M. , Kosbar Autumn M. , Dharani Lokesh , Luo Huiyang , Lu Hongbing , Sotiriou-Leventis Chariklia , Leventis Nicholas 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTHigh performance all-polymer aerogels are not only interesting for their low thermal conductivity, but also for their mechanical strength and their conversion to porous carbons. The prevalent design rule dictates that crosslinking at the monomer level decreases solubility of the developing polymer and induces phase separation of nanoparticles with high surface to volume ratios. Hence, hyperbranched structures based on trifunctional single aromatic core monomers should have enhanced interparticle connectivity and rigidity compared to those based on either difunctional or multiple aromatic core monomers. That design rule is applied here to hyperbranched polyurethane (PU) aerogels synthesized from tris(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane (TIPM) and 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (HPE) in anhydrous acetone using dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. The resulting materials vary from highly flexible to rigid as the monomer concentration increases. FTIR and 13C solid NMR confirm formation of urethane. SEM shows that the flexible variety is macroporous with a beaded worm-like structure, while the rigid variety is mesoporous and nanoparticulate. Lower-density flexible aerogels are highly porous (92%) with surface area of 132 m2 g-1, while the rigid ones have higher surface areas, up to 256 m2 g-1. Polyurethane aerogels from other triols and diols, e.g., phloroglucinol (POL) and resorcinol (RES), respectively, have also been studied and for similar monomer concentrations shrinkage and bulk density increases.
A new way to nanostructure hydrogels: Electrospun Thermo-responsive Islands-in-the-Sea Nanofibres
Authors: Wang Jing , Sutti Alessandra , Wang Xungai , Lin Tong 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAn effective strategy to produce thermo-responsive islands-in-the-sea hydrogel nanofibres was developed using a single needle electrospinning setup. The produced hydrogel nanofibre mats not only showed excellent temperature response and high response speed, but also showed nanostructured surfaces.
Effects of Hydrogen Ion Implantation on Structural Properties of Silver Implantation in ZnO Crystals
Authors: Yaqoob Faisal , Huang Mengbing 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work, we study the effects of implanted hydrogen ions on defect formation and impurity redistribution in ZnO crystals implanted with silver ions. Hydrogen was first implanted at room temperature in ZnO with energy of 30 keV to a dose of 2 × 1016 /cm2. The ZnO samples with and without prior H implantation were implanted with Ag ions at four different energies, 30, 75, 150, and 350 keV, to doses 3.3×1013, 4.2×1013, 8.3×1013 and 3.4×1014 /cm2, respectively, resulting in a uniform concentration profile of Ag from the surface to depth ~ 150 nm. These samples were annealed at temperatures 850-1050°C for 30 minutes in an oxygen gas flow. The distribution of Ag atoms, either aligned or nonaligned along the crystalline directions, were measured by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) combined with ion channeling. Following Ag ion implantation, the damage level in the ZnO lattice, measured along the <10-11> crystalline direction is higher in the sample without H ion implantation than the sample with H. Lattice damage was found to recover faster in the sample without H implantation than the sample with H, e.g., for Zn signals, the normalized RBS yield χmin for the without H-implanted sample dropped from 27.5% following Ag implantation to 4.3% after annealing at 1050 ˚C, whereas the Zn χmin value for the sample with H implant decreased from 17.6% following Ag implantation to 5.3% after annealing at 1050 ˚C. On the other hand, the χmin values for the Ag dopants before annealing in the H-implanted sample are the same in the sample without H. Post-Ag-implantation annealing resulted in much higher χmin values for Ag in the sample with H implant. For the as-implanted samples, 26.6% of the implanted Ag atoms are on substitutional sites in the sample with H, as compared to 30.3% of the implanted Ag being on the substitutional sites in the sample without H. After annealing at 1050 ˚C, the fraction of substitutional Ag is 73.7% in the H-implanted sample, in contrast to the fraction of 61.6% for substitutional Ag in the sample without H implant. Similar to other oxide crystals, H ion implantation and thermal annealing can result in the formation of nanocavities in the ZnO lattice. We discuss these findings in the context of the effects of nanocavities on formation and annihilation of point defects as well as on impurity diffusion and trapping in ZnO crystals.
Advances in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Ramchandren Radhakrishnan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is diagnosed in 20,000 men and women annually in North America and Europe. Despite treatment advancements for HL resulting in an overall survival rate of 80%, patients with advanced stage disease continue to have suboptimal outcomes, with relapse rates of 30%–40%. An additional 10%–15% of patients present with primary refractory disease. For patients who relapse after initial treatment, salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant in those with chemotherapy-sensitive disease is the standard of care. Patients who relapse after second-line therapy have a median survival time in the range of 6–36 months, and the optimal management of these patients remains unclear. Unfortunately, there have been no new agents approved for relapsed HL treatment since the 1970s. Consequently, clinical decision making in this population is difficult. Recently however, several agents have emerged that have shown clinical promise in this poor-risk population. This review discusses the management of these patients and also discusses several newer agents showing clinical promise in the treatment of HL.