bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Group Interventions for Reducing Distress Symptoms in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sanz Sandra , Valiente Carmen , Espinosa Regina , Trucharte Almudena 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTHealthcare workers exposed to emergencies and chronic stressors are at high risk of developing mental health problems. This review synthesized existing studies of group psychological therapy to reduce distress symptoms in healthcare workers (i.e., as complex and heterogeneous emotional states, characterized by the presence of symptoms associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder, burnout, anxiety, depression and moral injury). Searches were conducted using PRISMA guidelines and databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline and Web of Science, along with manual searches of reference lists of relevant articles. The search returned a total of 1071 randomized trials, of which 23 met the inclusion criteria. Of the total studies, nine were mindfulness interventions, seven were cognitive behavioural programmes, one was a programme based on acceptance and commitment therapy, one was an EMDR protocol and two focused on systemic and art therapy. Most studies aimed to reduce burnout, anxiety and depression; only three focused on post‐traumatic stress disorder, and no studies were found that addressed moral injury. The results suggested that group interventions could be an effective tool to improve the mental health of healthcare workers and reduce their symptoms of distress, although many of the studies have methodological deficiencies. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Predicting grass proportion in fresh alfalfa: Grass mixtures using a hand‐held near‐infrared spectrometer
Authors: Tacoma‐Fogal Rink , Boggess May , Cherney Jerome. H. , Digman Mathew , Cherney Debbie J. R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTechnological advancements have made hand‐held near infrared (NIR) spectrometers more affordable and more accurate, creating interest in on‐farm application for forage management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a hand‐held NIR spectrometer to predict grass percentage within fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.):grass mixtures. Forage samples were collected at a range of maturities and varieties during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons from multiple locations in New York. Fresh forage samples were chopped, and pure species were combined into known proportions on a dry matter basis, resulting in 534 samples. Analysis was carried out on NIR spectra collected from a hand‐held NeoSpectra spectrometer using stationary and sliding scanning techniques. Development of calibration models was completed using partial least squares regression with cross validation. The best performing calibration model using absorbance was from the sliding scanning technique with preprocessing consisting of mean‐centering (R2 = 0.89, root mean square error of prediction [RMSEP] = 13.7%, and ratio of prediction to deviation = 2.53). A total of 84% of the samples were correctly classified when the grass component was lower than 40%. For samples with the grass component above 40%, a total of 94% of the samples were correctly classified. Correct sample classification is critical considering that the extension recommendation in New York is to reseed alfalfa fields when the grass component exceeds 40% of the sward on a botanical composition basis. This research demonstrates that NIR technology has potential to provide the agricultural industry with rapid, non‐destructive, and affordable information to allow farmers and consultants to predict grass proportion within alfalfa:grass fresh forage mixtures in real time.
Roles of glutamic pyruvate transaminase 2 in reprogramming of airway epithelial lipidomic and metabolomic profiles after smoking
Authors: Yan Furong , Zhang Linlin , Duan Lian , Li Liyang , Liu Xuanqi , Liu Yifei , Qiao Tiankui , Zeng Yiming , Fang Hao , Wu Duojiao , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetabolic abnormalities represent one of the pathological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Glutamic pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) is involved in glutamate metabolism and lipid synthesis pathways, whilst the exact roles of GPT2 in the occurrence and development of COPD remains uncertain. This study aims at investigating how GPT2 and the associated genes modulate smoking‐induced airway epithelial metabolism and damage by reprogramming lipid synthesis. The circulating or human airway epithelial metabolomic and lipidomic profiles of COPD patients or cell‐lines explored with smoking were assessed to elucidate the pivotal roles of GPT2 in reprogramming processes. We found that GPT2 regulate the reprogramming of lipid metabolisms caused by smoking, especially phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol (TAG), along with changes in the expression of lipid metabolism‐associated genes. GPT2 modulated cell sensitivities and survival in response to smoking by enhancing mitochondrial functions and maintaining lipid and energy homeostasis. Our findings provide evidence for the involvement of GPT2 in the reprogramming of airway epithelial lipids following smoking, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying GPT2‐mediated regulation, which may offer an alternative of therapeutic strategies for chronic lung diseases.
Flow cytometry for meningeal infiltration in B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a low middle income country
Authors: Anane Eya , Lakhal Fatma Ben , Salem Sarra Fekih , Ghali Ons , Feki Emna , Abdennebi Yosr Ben , Bahri Marwa , Azza Emna , Aissaoui Lamia , El Borgi Wijden , Gouider Emna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeningeal infiltration in children with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most serious complications. Timely diagnosis not only significantly enhances treatment efficacy but also leads to improve patient outcome and reduce risk of relapse. This is particularly crucial in low to middle income countries facing health constraints, where optimizing resources is essential. Conventional cytology (CC) study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is considered in different countries to be the Gold‐standard despite its low sensitivity (< 50%). The study of CSF by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) appears to be an alternative. The aim of our study was to assess MFC analytical performance compared with CC. Our cross sectional study was conducted over a six‐month period in the biological hematology department. CSF samples underwent analysis for the presence of blasts using both CC and MFC. Cytological slides of the CSF were prepared by cytocentrifugation in a Shandon Cytospin 4™. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on the BD FACSLyric™ flow cytometer. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS Inc.). Agreement between the two methods was made using the Kappa index and χ2 test. This study was approved by the local ethics committee. Sixty CSF samples from 39 children with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed. Meningeal infiltration was detected respectively in 20% of cases by MFC and 5% of cases by CC, with a significant difference p = 0.006. Comparing the two methods, the Kappa coefficient was 0.35, indicating weak agreement between the two methods. Moreover, MFC positivity was higher even for hypocellular samples. Of the 51 hypocellular samples, eight were positive by MFC while they were negative by CC. MFC shows better sensitivity while retaining good specificity for the detection of meningeal involvement. MFC could therefore be a complementary method to CC for detecting blast cells in the central nervous system.
Lion lords and sharing hyaenas: Carnivore guild dynamics around elephant carcasses
Authors: Honiball Terry‐Lee , Davis Robert S. , Ntlokwana Liyabona , Venter Jan A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMegaherbivore carcasses represent sporadic but energetically rewarding resources for carnivores, offering a unique opportunity to study coexistence dynamics between facultative scavengers. South African fenced protected areas, such as Madikwe Game Reserve (Madikwe hereafter), host viable populations of large carnivores and high densities of elephants, Loxodonta africana. However, high carnivore densities can lead to potentially fatal interspecific encounters and increased competition, particularly around high‐quality trophic resources. This study explores the temporal partitioning and co‐detection strategies of carnivores at six elephant carcasses in Madikwe, aiming to understand how the increased carrion biomass available at elephant carcasses influences coexistence dynamics. Camera traps were deployed to monitor carcasses during two periods (2019 and 2020), revealing occurrences of six carnivore species. Carnivores, particularly black‐backed jackals, Lupulella mesomelas, (hereafter jackal), lions, Panthera leo, and spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta, comprised 56.7% of carcass observations, highlighting their pivotal roles in scavenging dynamics. Pairwise co‐detection analysis demonstrated consistent association and shared peak activity periods between jackals and spotted hyaenas, indicating potential resource sharing. However, the minimal co‐detection rates between lions and other carnivores highlight their resource domination. There was some evidence of temporal partitioning between carnivores, with most species exhibiting earlier peaks in nocturnal activity to avoid temporal overlap with lions. This study emphasises the importance of elephant carcasses in the diet of multiple species and coexistence techniques utilised to exploit this ephemeral resource. As fenced protected areas become crucial for conserving intact carnivore guilds globally, further research into carnivore behavioural adaptations at carcasses is recommended to shed light on their coexistence strategies.
Myricetin and dihydromyricetin as JNK1 inhibitors protect against ROS‐mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Hao Rili , Song Xinyu , Li Yajie , Lin Xinru , Guan Hui , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Li Dapeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis and pathological conditions of various diseases induced by food and environmental pollutants. Myricetin and dihydromyricetin, as natural flavonoids, can counteract oxidative damage, apoptosis, and associated diseases. Molecular docking analysis, ELISA, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Western blot techniques were applied to examine the potential of the two flavonoids as effective therapeutics for ROS‐mediated diseases and the mechanism(s) underlying their protective effects against ethanol/H2O2‐induced damage. In Kunming mice and HepG2 cells, myricetin and dihydromyricetin inhibited ethanol/H2O2‐induced liver damage, ROS accumulation, and oxidative stress and apoptosis. Molecular docking showed that myricetin and dihydromyricetin interacted with JNK1 via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, thereby exerting their protective effects. The significant differences in their binding patterns to JNK1 resulted from the different bond types between C2 and C3 on their C ring. Myricetin and dihydromyricetin likely protected liver injury via counteracting ROS/JNK1‐mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis. The finding that the suppression of ROS‐mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis by flavonoids via interacting with functional proteins, such as kinase, may represent an alternative strategy for treating excessive ROS‐induced health problems.
SR‐BI regulates the synergistic mast cell response by modulating the plasma membrane‐associated cholesterol pool
Authors: Capellmann Sandro , Kauffmann Marlies , Arock Michel , Huber Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe high‐affinity IgE receptor FcεRI is the mast cell (MC) receptor responsible for the involvement of MCs in IgE‐associated allergic disorders. Activation of the FcεRI is achieved via crosslinking by multivalent antigen (Ag) recognized by IgE resulting in degranulation and proinflammatory cytokine production. In comparison to the T‐ and B‐cell receptor complexes, for which several co‐receptors orchestrating the initial signaling events have been described, information is scarce about FcεRI‐associated proteins. Additionally, it is unclear how FcεRI signaling synergizes with input from other receptors and how regulators affect this synergistic response. We found that the HDL receptor SR‐BI (gene name: Scarb1/SCARB1) is expressed in MCs, functionally associates with FcεRI, and regulates the plasma membrane cholesterol content in cholesterol‐rich plasma membrane nanodomains. This impacted the activation of MCs upon co‐stimulation of the FcεRI with receptors known to synergize with FcεRI signaling. Amongst them, we investigated the co‐activation of the FcεRI with the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT, the IL‐33 receptor, and GPCRs activated by adenosine or PGE2. Scarb1‐deficient bone marrow‐derived MCs showed reduced cytokine secretion upon co‐stimulation conditions suggesting a role for plasma membrane‐associated cholesterol regulating respective MC activation. Mimicking Scarb1 deficiency by cholesterol depletion employing MβCD, we identified PKB and PLCγ1 as cholesterol‐sensitive proteins downstream of FcεRI activation in bone marrow‐derived MCs. When MCs were co‐stimulated with stem cell factor (SCF) and Ag, PLCγ1 activation was boosted, which could be mitigated by cholesterol depletion and SR‐BI inhibition. Similarly, SR‐BI inhibition attenuated the synergistic response to PGE2 and anti‐IgE in the human ROSAKIT WT MC line, suggesting that SR‐BI is a crucial regulator of synergistic MC activation.
Pivotal role of polylactide in carbon emission reduction: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mosomi Everlyn Kerubo , Olanrewaju Oludolapo Akanni , Adeosun Samson Oluropo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review paper explores the diverse applications of polylactide or polylactic acid (PLA) and its contributions to environmental sustainability. It delves into the synthesis, properties, and numerous applications of PLA, accompanied by illustrative examples demonstrating its ability to reduce carbon emissions. The environmentally friendly characteristics of PLA, coupled with its versatility, make it a vital player in the ongoing efforts to combat climate change. PLA generally requires lower extrusion temperatures than other 3D printing materials, such as ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). Lower extrusion temperatures lead to reduced energy consumption during the printing process thus the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions during production. Plants, such as corn and sugarcane, play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during their growth cycle. When these plants are utilized to produce PLA, the captured CO2 remains sequestered within the plastic material. This contributes to offsetting CO2 emissions from other sources. In conclusion, the usage of PLA has demonstrated positive contributions to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through its renewable sourcing, lower extrusion temperatures, lower dependence on fossil fuels, reduced greenhouse gas emissions during production, biodegradability, and participation in a closed carbon cycle.
Thermal and calorimetric investigations of some vegetative fuels
Authors: Moinuddin Khalid , Arun Malavika , Filkov Alex , Joseph Paul , Guerrieri Maurice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBushfires pose a significant threat to numerous countries, often causing vast property damages and loss of lives. Efforts to combat and manage these fires heavily rely on predicting the fires' rate of spread and intensity. A significant component of these predictions involves understanding the thermophysical characteristics of vegetative fuels. The accuracy of predictive models (especially physical models) also depends on obtaining precise thermophysical and combustion parameters. This research aims to provide a comprehensive set of thermal degradation and combustion parameters for surface and near‐surface fuel samples collected during prescribed fire experiment conducted in April 2022 in Little Desert National Park, Victoria, Australia. Firstly, fuel properties like fuel height, moisture content, bulk density, fuel load and heat of combustion were meticulously characterized for both surface and near‐surface samples. Then activation energies for degradation reactions were determined using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method and for the determination of pre‐exponential factors, in most cases these reactions closely aligned with a Second order model. This was followed by determination of other parameters such as heat of reaction, specific heat and conductivity. It was found that the density, activation energy and heat of combustion did not vary significantly across the six samples under question. The comprehensive set of obtained parameters will likely help to facilitate better predictions in fire propagation modelling.
Groundwater, salt and contaminant transport in a coastal aquifer system with a low‐permeability layer in the intertidal zone
Authors: Li Congrui , Gibbes Badin , Liu Yue , Liu Xiaocheng , Zhang Chenming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow‐permeability layer (LPL), formed by natural deposit or artificial reclamation and commonly found below the intertidal zone of coastal groundwater system, can retard the ingress of seawater and contaminants, and shorten the travel time of the land‐sourced contaminant to the marine environment compared with a homogenous sandy coastal aquifer. However, there is limited understanding on how an intertidal LPL, a condition occurred in a coastal aquifer at Moreton Bay, Australia, influences the groundwater and contaminant transport across the shallow beach aquifer system. We characterized the aquifer hydrological parameters, monitored the in situ groundwater heads, and constructed a 2‐D numerical model to analyses the cross‐shore hydrological processes in this stratified system. The calibrated model suggests that in the lower aquifer, the inland‐source fresh groundwater flowed horizontally towards the sea, upwelled along the freshwater–saltwater interface, and exited the aquifer at the shore below the LPL. Whereas in the upper aquifer, the tidally driven seawater circulation formed a barrier that prevented fresh groundwater from horizontal transport and discharge to the beach above the LPL, thereby directing its leakage to the lower aquifer. A contaminant represented by a conservative tracer was ‘released’ the upper aquifer in the model and results showed that the spreading extent of the contaminant plume, the maximum rate of contaminant discharge to the ocean, and its plume length decreased compared with a simulation case in a homogenous sandy aquifer. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to investigate the characteristics of the LPL, including its continuity and hydraulic conductivity, which were found to vary along the beach at Moreton Bay. The result shows that with a lower hydraulic conductivity and continuous layer of LPL reduced the groundwater exchange and contaminant transport between upper and lower aquifer. The findings from the combined field and modelling investigations on the impact of an intertidal LPL on coastal aquifer systems highlight its significant implications to alter the groundwater and mass transport across the land–ocean interface.
Lake surface and downstream river temperature response to the retreat of a lake‐terminating glacier
Authors: Pelto B. M. , Browning B. , Bird L. , Moyer A. N. , Moore R. Dan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlacier contributions to streamflow moderate summer water temperatures and help keep rivers cool during periods of hot, dry weather. As glaciers retreat, the length of channel exposed to solar radiation above a given point of interest would increase, which should ultimately result in higher water temperatures. However, formation of proglacial lakes may complicate river temperature response to glacier retreat. This study examined river and lake temperature response to the retreat of lake‐terminating Bridge Glacier, British Columbia, using a combination of manual spot and continuous river temperatures at a stream gauge, lake surface temperatures derived from Landsat imagery, and in situ lake temperatures made during a field campaign during summer 2013. Temperature data spanned the period from 1984 to 2022. Lake and river temperatures were relatively constant prior to and during a period of rapid retreat, but exhibited an upward trend following 2012, when iceberg density declined due to an apparent decrease in calving rate, resulting in an increase in lake surface area and river temperature of about 5°C even though the glacier remained lake terminating. In addition to providing the first longitudinal study of water temperature response to the retreat of a lake‐terminating glacier, this study adds to a body of literature that demonstrates that routine spot river temperatures, if collected in a consistent manner over a number of years, can provide valid information about river and stream temperature trends.
Developmental uterovaginal anomalies and histologic findings in transgender patients receiving gender‐affirming hysterectomies: A large case series
Authors: Nguyen Nghiem H. , Kim Hoejeong , Tran Christina , Sumida Megan , Lansdowne Elisa , Galzote‐Carino Rosanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the incidence of uterovaginal anomalies and histologic findings in transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) patients seeking hysterectomies.MethodsAll patients receiving gender‐affirming hysterectomies between 2013 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcomes included uterovaginal anomalies and histological findings. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate relationships between variables of interest and whether they predict findings of uterovaginal anomalies, inactive endometrium, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, endometriosis, and cervical atrophy.Results278 patients received hysterectomies at an average age of 29.2 ± 8.3 years. Seven patients (2.5%) were found to have a developmental anomaly, including two bicornuate uterus (0.7%), two unicornuate uterus (0.7%), one septate uterus (0.4%), and two vaginal septum (0.7%). 60 patients (21.6%) were found to have inactive endometrium and 26 patients (9.4%) had cervical atrophy. Although 262 patients (94.2%) were on testosterone therapy, hormone duration was not a significant predictor of any uterine findings.ConclusionThis study describes uterovaginal anomalies in a large cohort of patients receiving gender‐affirming hysterectomies. Although long‐term testosterone use is commonly believed to be associated with endometrial and cervical atrophy, this study shows no such association.