bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) graptolite faunas of the Sandia Region, southern Peru
Authors: Maletz Jörg , Reimann Cornelia , Spiske Michaela , Bahlburg Heinrich , Brussa Edsel Daniel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOrdovician graptolite faunas of Peru are restricted to a short interval in the Middle to basal Upper Ordovician, found in three regions of the country. All Peruvian graptolite faunas are strongly dominated by shallow water elements of the Atlantic Faunal Realm, represented largely by Didymograptus s. str. and Aulograptus, but a number of faunal elements of the pandemic isograptid biofacies have recently been discovered in the Sandia Region of SE Peru. Peruvian graptolite faunas are reviewed and the new records from the Sandia Region are discussed in detail. The faunas from the Purumpata and Iparo members of the San José Formation range in age approximately from the Undulograptus austrodentatus Biozone to the Holmograptus lentus Biozone (early to middle Darriwilian). The faunas provide a better understanding of faunal composition and diversity in this region and help to correlate shallow water and deeper water graptolite faunas from this time interval. Biserial graptolites are rare in most samples and usually indeterminable, but a single identifiable specimen of Undulograptus austrodentatus was found, indicating a level close to the base of the Darriwilian. A number of specimens of the genera Isograptus and Arienigraptus from the Sandia Region represent pandemic graptolite faunas of the isograptid biofacies, described for the first time from this region. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regioselective synthesis of 2‐methyl‐2,5,6,11,12,13‐hexahydro 4H indazolo[5,4‐a]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐4‐ones
Authors: Tao Ming , Park Chung Ho , Josef Kurt , Hudkins Robert L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image 2‐Methyl‐2,5,6,11,12,13‐hexahydro 4H indazolo[5,4‐a]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐4‐one was synthesized utilizing a regioselective Diels‐Alder reaction with 5‐(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)‐2‐methyl‐6,7‐dihydro‐2H‐indazole and ethyl cis‐β‐cyanoacrylate. Acetic acid and YtBr3 were the best solvent and catalyst for the regioselective Diels‐Alder reaction. The chemistry was used to synthesize novel 8‐pyrimidinyloxy‐2,5,6,11,12,13‐hexahydro 4H indazolo[5,4‐a]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐4‐ones that were screened and found to be potent inhibitors of DLK. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Bilateral cochlear implantation: Current concepts, indications, and results
Authors: Basura Gregory J. , Eapen Rose , Buchman Craig A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe optimal treatment for bilateral hearing loss continues to evolve as cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid technologies advance, as does our understanding of the central auditory system. Ongoing discussions continue on the validity and feasibility of bilateral CI in terms of performance, justification of need, medical/surgical safety concerns, and economics. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on the advantages and disadvantages of bilateral CI and to provide a discussion on timing (simultaneous vs. sequential), technology (bimodal vs. binaural) and feasibility. Binaural advantages are found in both adult and pediatric bilateral CI recipients, the greatest being the head shadow effect and improvements in localization and loudness summation. This theoretically offers an advantage over their unilateral implanted counterparts in terms of improved sound localization and enhanced speech perception under noisy conditions. Most investigators agree that bilateral stimulation during critical periods of development is paramount for optimizing auditory functioning in children. Currently, bilateral CI is widely accepted as a safe and effective means of bilateral auditory stimulation. Laryngoscope, 2009
Simultaneous complex permittivity and thickness evaluation of liquid materials from scattering parameter measurements
Authors: Hasar U. C. , Cansiz A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA promising in‐waveguide microwave method has been proposed for unique complex permittivity determination of liquid materials pressed by two plugs. The method involves the effects of plugs with different electrical properties and/or lengths on measurements. In addition, it measures the length of liquid samples which sometimes are difficult to evaluate in‐waveguide measurements. We have validated the proposed method with complex permittivity and length measurements of distilled water. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 75–78, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24837
Changes in teacher stress through participation in pre‐referral intervention teams
Authors: Lhospital Ann Shargo , Gregory Anne 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTeachers today face high stress that can compromise their well‐being, longevity in the profession, and the quality of their interactions with students. Pre‐referral interventions, which address individual student difficulties before consideration for special education, may help buffer teacher stress through student interventions and team support. Yet, little is known about how teacher stress changes across pre‐referral interventions. This study followed 33 elementary education teachers prospectively through their participation in a pre‐referral intervention team (PIT) program. Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that, across the pre‐referral process, teachers felt less distress related to referred students' needs, termed “dyadic stress.” Teachers' dyadic stress was partially accounted for by student progress on referral concerns. Teachers' experience of PIT support was also linked to reductions in stress and lower dyadic stress after pre‐referral interventions were implemented. The findings have implications for how school practitioners consult with teachers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Control of block copolymer morphology: An example of selective morphology induced by self‐assembly formation condition
Authors: Suchao‐In Natthaporn , De Bruyn Hank , Perrier Sébastien , Chirachanchai Suwabun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn example case of selective morphology by simply varying pH and heating profile based on a diblock copolymer, i.e., poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) and poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate] (PDMAEA) is reported. A variation of pH induces an aggregation of the block copolymers in either micelles or vesicles. In a subsequent step, temperature variation triggers the formation of vesicular structures. This demonstrates not only the temperature but also the heating rate that tunes the nanostructures from micelles to vesicles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009
RAFT cryopolymerizations of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide and N‐isopropylacrylamide in moderately frozen aqueous solution
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Li , He Wei‐Dong , Li Jian , Li Li‐Ying , Zhang Bo‐Yu , Pan Ting‐Ting 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAqueous reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) cryopolymerizations of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with potassium persulfate/sodium ascorbate as redox initiators were performed at −15 °C. For the homopolymerizations, water‐soluble chain transfer agents (CTAs) of 2‐(1‐carboxy‐1‐methylethyl‐sulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl)‐2‐methylpropionic acid and 2‐dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl‐2‐methylpropionyl‐capped methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) were used. For the sequential block copolymerizations, the obtained trithiocarbonate‐functionalized polymers were used as macro‐CTAs. Although well‐defined homo and block polymers of DMA and NIPAM were synthesized and these RAFT cryopolymerizations were well controlled, their behavior depended on the monomers and CTAs. The polymerization kinetic and polymer structure were studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and gel permeation chromatography measurement. Poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐based cryogels crosslinked with reductively cleavable disulfide‐containing diacrylamide, N,N′‐bisacryloylcystamine, were synthesized via RAFT cryopolymerization. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that the porous structure of cryogels depended on the CTA used. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009
Scheie syndrome: Enzyme replacement therapy does not prevent progression of cervical myelopathy due to spinal cord compression
Authors: Illsinger S. , Lücke T. , Hartmann H. , Mengel E. , Müller‐Forell W. , Donnerstag F. , Das A. M. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryHurler–Scheie syndrome is caused by alpha‐l‐iduronidase deficiency. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) can improve physical capacity and reduces organomegaly. However, the effect on bradytrophic connective tissue is limited. As intravenously administered enzyme cannot cross the blood–brain barrier, the therapy of choice for the more severe Hurler syndrome is haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). In the more attenuated Scheie syndrome, neurological impairment is less severe; therefore, ERT may be appropriate to treat these patients. Information on long‐term outcome in Scheie patients undergoing ERT is scarce. We report a 38‐year‐old female Scheie patient who has been on ERT for 8 years. While non‐neurological symptoms improved, she developed paresthesias in her hands and feet and progressive pain in her legs. Somatosensory evoked potentials were abnormal, suggesting dysfunction of the dorsal funiculus and lemniscus medialis. After 6 years of ERT, a spinal MRI showed dural thickening at the upper cervical spine. These soft‐tissue deposits are presumably due to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides. Intramedullary hyperintensities at the level of C1/2 revealed cervical myelopathy. An MRI before the start of ERT had shown milder spinal lesions. Cystic lesions in the white matter of the centrum semiovale due to dilated Virchow–Robin spaces were essentially unchanged compared with the MRI scan before ERT. Decompression of the spinal cord resulted in clinical improvement. In an adult patient with Scheie syndrome, ERT failed to prevent progression of cervical myelopathy. Clinical significance of cerebral changes is unclear. Whether early HCT or intrathecal ERT could have prevented these lesions remains speculative.
Challenges in intervention research on adolescent development
Authors: Stattin Håkan , Kerr Margaret 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe field of intervention and prevention research is rapidly growing. In this general discussion of the studies in the special issue on intervention and prevention with adolescents, we highlight some of the challenges facing researchers in this field. One is the community perspective. Family and school are the primary settings for intervention research today, and this special issue covers various approaches to family‐ and school‐based interventions. Taking a community perspective, the question becomes how these different interventions can be co‐ordinated across contexts and be integrated in a local community's broader intervention policies and activities. Another challenge for intervention and prevention research is to use better designs in order to better understand how interventions into young peoples′ lives affect their future health and adjustment. Overall, the studies in this special issue illustrate well the many challenges that intervention researchers face when they go from theory to practice.
Role of explicit and tacit knowledge in Six Sigma projects: An empirical examination of differential project success
Authors: Anand Gopesh , Ward Peter T. , Tatikonda Mohan V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis research develops a conceptual model for predicting success of process improvement projects as a result of knowledge‐creation practices employed in the projects. The model is empirically examined in the context of Six Sigma black belt projects. New scales are developed to measure explicit‐ and tacit‐knowledge‐creation practices in process improvement. Data is gathered via a cross‐sectional sample, and the hypotheses are tested using hierarchical regression. Our results support the notion that knowledge‐creation practices influence the success of process improvement projects. Specifically, the inclusion of softer, people‐oriented practices for capturing tacit knowledge explains a significant amount of variance in project success, as much as the more analytically focused practices that capture explicit knowledge. This research offers practical insights about the influence of practices that project managers use to create new knowledge by capturing explicit and tacit knowledge, and seeks to advance theoretical understanding of process improvement.
Administration of loperamide and addition of wheat bran to the diets of weaner pigs decrease the incidence of diarrhoea and enhance their gut maturation
Authors: Molist Gasa Francesc , Ywazaki Mauro , Gómez de Segura Ugalde Arantza , Hermes Rafael Gustavo , Gasa Gasó Josep , Pérez Hernández José Francisco 
Published: November 2009

The influence of fibre inclusion and transit time regulation on the performance, health status, microbial activity and population, physico-chemical characteristics of the hindgut digesta and intestinal morphology in early weaned pigs were examined. For these experiments, wheat bran (WB) was used as fibre source and loperamide as a drug (LOP) to increase the digesta transit time. In Expt 1, a total of 128 early weaned pigs were randomly distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial combination of WB inclusion (0v.40 g/kg) and LOP administration (0v.0·07 mg/kg body weight) during 13 d. For Expt 2, a total of twenty-four piglets were allotted to three dietary treatments for 15 d with the same basal diet (control diet) as Expt 1; a diet with 80 g/kg of WB and the combination of WB and LOP. In Expt 1, LOP improved the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the animals (P = 0·001 and 0·007, respectively). The same result was obtained when WB was combined with LOP. The WB–LOP group also showed a higher concentration of SCFA (P = 0·013), acetic acid (P = 0·004) and propionic acid (P = 0·093). On the other hand, WB inclusion reduced the organic matter and crude protein digestibility (P = 0·001) and tended to decrease the enterobacteria population (P = 0·089). In Expt 2, WB increased the butyric acid concentration (P = 0·086). We concluded that the inclusion of WB to modify the intestinal microbiota activity combined with LOP may be beneficial to animal health and performance.
Genetic variability ofHaemonchus contortus(Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) in alpine ruminant host species
Authors: Cerutti M.C. , Citterio C.V. , Bazzocchi C. , Epis S. , D'Amelio S. , Ferrari N. , Lanfranchi P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGenetic variability of the ovine parasiteHaemonchus contortusfrom the Alpine area was investigated using mitochondrial DNA (nd4gene), internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and microsatellites, in order to assess whether cross-transmission between domestic and wild ruminants occurs. The dataset was composed of 78 individual adult maleH. contortuscollected from chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex), domestic goat (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries) from different alpine areas. The data obtained show low host specificity and high genetic variation withinH. contortuspopulations. The analyses indicate the presence of two mitochondrial haplotype clusters among host species and the absence of cryptic parasite species, confirmingH. contortusas a generalist nematode and suggesting that parasite transmission between populations of domestic and wild ruminants normally occurs.
First Report of Capsicum chlorosis virus Infecting Amaryllis and Blood Lily in Taiwan
Authors: Chen C. C. , Huang C. H. , Cheng Y. H. , Chen T. C. , Yeh S. D. , Chang C. A. 
Published: November 2009

Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), a thrips-transmitted, tentative species in the genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae, was first identified in solanaceous crops, but also infects several ornamental crops such as orchid (4), gloxinia (3), and calla lily (1). From 2005 to 2007, virus-like yellow ringspots were observed on the leaves of amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum Hort.) and blood lily (Haemanthus multiflorus Martyn.) plants cultured in screenhouses and a private garden, respectively. Three of several hundred amaryllis plants in screenhouses from two places were observed as showing yellow ringspot symptoms and one of six blood lily plants was observed as showing similar yellow ringspot symptoms. Sap extracts from symptomatic leaves were inoculated to Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and the resulting local lesions were passaged three successive times to C. quinoa for virus isolation. Using the tospovirus genus-specific primers gL3637 and gL4435c designed from the conserved region in the L RNA (2), DNA fragments of the expected size of 800 bp were amplified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR from field samples and local lesions from C. quinoa. Extracts from the diseased plants and local lesions of C. quinoa reacted strongly with antiserum against the nucleocapsid (N) protein of CaCV in ELISA and western blotting. To confirm the identity of this virus, we amplified the N gene from three amaryllis and one blood lily source using primer pair WN2328 and WN3534 designed from the S RNA of Watermelon silver mottle virus (1), and these products were cloned and sequenced. The sequence from each virus isolate was determined from three independent clones. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of N genes for the blood lily isolate (GenBank Accession No. EF101344) and three amaryllis isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. EF101343, EF137177, and FJ185170) had identities greater than 97% with that of a CaCV isolate infecting Capsicum spp. found in Australia (GenBank Accession No. AY036057). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony showed that these sequences clustered with CaCV. These results show that the virus identified from amaryllis and blood lily that were expressing yellow ringspot symptoms are isolates of CaCV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CaCV naturally infecting amaryllis and blood lily and it could become an important threat to ornamental production in Taiwan. References: (1) C. C. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 91:1201, 2007. (2) F. H. Chu et al. Phytopathology 91:361, 2001. (3) H. T. Hsu et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 66:167, 2000. (4) Y. X. Zheng et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 120:199, 2008.
First Report of Erysiphe palczewskii Powdery Mildew of Siberian Pea Tree (Caragana arborescens) in Wisconsin and Quebec
Authors: Stanosz G. , Smith D. , Bernier L. 
Published: November 2009

Shoots affected by powdery mildew were collected from Siberian pea trees in July 2009 on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus and on the campus of Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec. This exotic shrub or small tree is infrequently planted in Wisconsin and three shrubs in a group that were affected are the only examples known on the UW–Madison campus. In Quebec City, Siberian pea tree is more commonly used as an ornamental, often in hedges (as is the case of the affected plants on the Université Laval campus). In both locations, <10% of foliage was visibly affected, but incidence was greater on shoots closer to the ground than on higher shoots. White-to-grayish mycelium was present on leaves and young stems and sometimes completely covered both upper and lower leaf surfaces. Dark brown-to-black chasmothecia were numerous on leaf blades, petioles, and young stems, but were most abundant on lower surfaces of leaves. Morphology of chasmothecia, including appendages with distinctive terminal dichotomous branching, (1) was consistent with descriptions and illustrations of the fungus Erysiphe palczewskii Jacz. (synonym Microsphaera palczewskii) (1–4) thought to be native to Asia, but also known as an invader of Europe where it occurs on the same host. For a sample from Université Laval, mean diameter of chasmothecia was 113 μm, mean appendage length was 185 μm, and barrel-shaped conidia that lacked fibrosin bodies averaged 30 × 14 μm. Asci contained oval, yellow ascospores with mean dimensions of 20 × 12 μm. DNA was extracted from chasmothecia, and nuclear rDNA sequences (633 nucleotides) of the Wisconsin (GenBank Accession No. GQ497277) and Quebec (GenBank Accession No. GQ497276) specimens differed by only one nucleotide. The sequences that were obtained most closely matched GenBank sequences for Oidium spp. (98%) and Erysiphe spp. (97%). Further observations indicated that the same pathogen affected Siberian pea trees planted as ornamentals at several locations separated by ≥15 km in the metropolitan Quebec area. This report extends the eastern known limit of E. palczewskii in the United States, previously known from collections in Alaska (2), Washington (4), Idaho (4), North Dakota (3), and Minnesota (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this disease in Canada, and it indicates that the distribution of E. palczewskii is transcontinental. Specimens from Madison, WI and Quebec, QC have been deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 879152) and the Rene Pomerleau Herbarium of the Canadian Forest Service Laurentian Forestry Centre (QFB-22601). References: (1) U. Braun. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 89:1, 1987. (2) D. A. Glawe and G. A. Laursen. Online publication. doi:10:1094/PHP-2005-1017-01-BR. Plant Health Progress, 2005. (3) D. A. Glawe et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0117-01-BR. Plant Health Progress, 2006. (4) C. Nischwitz and G. Newcombe. Plant Dis. 87:451, 2003.
Differential effects of moving versus stationary territorial intruders on territory defence in a songbird
Authors: Amrhein Valentin , Lerch Sabine 
Published: November 2009

Summary 1. In territorial contests, not only acoustic or other signals, but also the movements of a territorial intruder are likely to influence the response of a resident. 2. We tested this movement hypothesis by simulating moving vs. stationary intruders into the territories of winter wrens Troglodytes troglodytes, using the same non‐interactive song playbacks in both treatments. 3. Male winter wrens showed a different long‐term singing reaction in response to a moving than to a stationary intruder. 4. One day after experiencing an intruder that was switching between three locations, residents started to sing earlier before sunrise, and they sang more and longer songs at dawn than before the intrusion. 5. Residents receiving the same playback from one location only reacted by starting to sing later relative to sunrise, and by singing fewer and shorter songs than before the intrusion. 6. We could not discriminate between the treatments when examining the short‐term singing reactions during and immediately after the playbacks. However, our results clearly demonstrate an effect of the spatial behaviour of territorial intruders on the long‐term territory defence of residents at dawn, about 24 h after an intrusion. 7. We argue that spatial behaviour of territorial intruders should be an integral part of the study of animal territory defence behaviour. Investigating long‐term changes in territory defence at dawn is a sensitive tool for discriminating between different types of intruders.