bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity of the Chemical Transformations of Thio Analogues of Pyrimidine Bases
Authors: Nowakowska Zdzislawa , Wyrzykiewicz Elzbieta 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Plant Materials to Ethanol by Means of Supercritical Fluid Technology
Authors: Schacht Christian , Zetzl Carsten , Brunner Gerd 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IL‐33 promotes DC development in BM culture by triggering GM‐CSF production
Authors: Mayuzumi Nobuyasu , Matsushima Hironori , Takashima Akira 
Published: September 2009

AbstractShort‐term DC cultures generated with GM‐CSF and other cytokines have markedly improved our ability to study the immunobiology of DC. Here, we tested 65 cytokines individually for their potential to promote the generation of CD11c+ cells in a murine BM culture system. In addition to several cytokines known to promote DC survival and/or growth, IL‐33 was found to augment DC development time‐ and dose‐dependently. Although the resulting CD11c+ cells generated in the presence of IL‐33 exhibited a typical dendritic morphology, they expressed MHC class II molecules only at modest levels, showed negligible responses to TLR ligands, produced no detectable IL‐12 p70, displayed PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 on the surface, and failed to activate immunologically naïve T cells efficiently. IL‐33‐induced expansion of CD11c+ cells was completely blocked by anti‐GM‐CSF mAb, and GM‐CSF mRNA and protein expression in BM culture was markedly elevated by added IL‐33, indicating that IL‐33 promotes in vitro DC generation indirectly by a GM‐CSF‐dependent manner. With regard to the cellular source, IL‐33‐dependent GM‐CSF production was observed exclusively within the CD45+/FcεRI+ BM population. Not only do our results reinforce the notion that GM‐CSF serves as a primary DC growth factor, but they also reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism supporting DC development.
Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Benzimidazoles from o‐Bromophenyl Isocyanide and Amines
Authors: Lygin Alexander V. , de Meijere Armin 
Published: September 2009

Abstracto‐Bromophenyl isocyanide (1‐Br) reacts with various primary amines under CuI catalysis to afford 1‐substituted benzimidazoles 4 in moderate to good yields (38–70 %, 13 examples). Analogously, 2‐bromo‐3‐isocyanothiophene (6) furnishes 3‐substituted 3H‐thieno[2,3‐d]imidazoles 7 (44–49 %, 3 examples). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Enhanced chitosan production and modeling hyphal growth of Mucor rouxii interpreting the dependence of chitosan yields on processing and cultivation time
Authors: Trutnau Mirko , Suckale Nicole , Groeger Gerlinde , Bley Thomas , Ondruschka Jelka 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChitosan is a major structural component of fungal cell walls and has diverse medical and other applications. However, cost‐effective culture and extraction methods for fungi need to be developed. Therefore, Mucor rouxii was grown on YPG‐media in both submerged batch and semi‐continuous cultures. Chitosan was extracted from the mycelia to explore strategies to enhance yields and production rates. As observed in earlier studies, M. rouxii is able to adapt to shear stress when cultured semi‐continuously. Modeling the hyphal growth of batch experiments shows that the mycelia were ruptured by shear forces within a short cultivation time shown by a decreased hyphal length. However, an increasing chitosan content was observed with an increasing cultivation period in semi‐continuous cultures, which is an indication for the adaption to shear stress. Semi‐continuous culture resulted in the highest contents of extractable chitosan. The results and models of hyphal growth, including tip extension and branching, suggest that repeated batch cultures may be optimal for chitosan production.
Voxelwise and skeleton‐based region of interest analysis of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in young adults
Authors: Li Longchuan , Coles Claire D. , Lynch Mary Ellen , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThough fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are among the most common developmental disorders, their understanding is incomplete. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which is sensitive to microstructural organization in white matter, may provide a relevant measure in this population demonstrating incompletely characterized white matter pathology. In this study, tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) routine and a skeleton‐based region of interest analyses were employed to detect differences in DTI‐derived metrics between young adults who were alcohol exposed and an unexposed control group. Participants include 28 with dysmorphic features associated with FAS, 29 who were prenatally exposed but do not show physical effects, and 25 with the same low socioeconomic status but unexposed. The TBSS analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in fractional anisotropy at the isthmus of the corpus callosum and its connected callosal fibers in dysmorphic individuals relative to controls (clusterwise PFWE < 0.05). This finding was consistent with that of the follow‐up skeleton‐based region of interest analysis (F(2,79) = 3.256, p = 0.044). In addition, the patterns in axial and radial diffusivity changes suggest that demyelination may be associated with the degraded white matter integrity observed in the dysmorphic group. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression pattern of two collagen type 2 α1 genes in the Japanese inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) with special reference to the evolution of cartilaginous tissue
Authors: Ota Kinya G. , Kuratani Shigeru 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCollagen type 2 α1 (Col2A1) protein is a major component of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) in vertebrates. Over the past two decades, the evolutionary origin of Col2A1 has been studied at the biochemical and molecular levels in extant jawless vertebrates (hagfishes and lampreys). Although these studies have contributed to our understanding of ECM protein evolution, the expression profile of the Col2A1 gene in hagfishes has not been fully described. We have performed molecular cloning and analyzed the gene expression pattern of the Col2A1 gene in the Japanese inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri). We succeeded in isolating two Col2A1 genes, EbCol2A1A and EbCol2A1B, in which EbCol2A1A was expressed in the noncartilaginous connective tissues whereas EbCol2A1B was detected in some cartilaginous elements. Based on these results, we discuss the evolutionary history of Col2A1 genes in early vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:157–165, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organic–Inorganic Interactions in Poly(trimethylene carbonate)–Titania Hybrids
Authors: Cortecchia Elisa , Mazzocchetti Laura , Scandola Mariastella 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPolycarbonate–titania hybrids have been synthesized by a sol–gel reaction, starting from poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and titanium isoproproxide in different ratios. PTMC with a given chain length was obtained by ring opening polymerization. FT‐IR spectra reveal the presence of TiOC covalent bonds between organic and inorganic phases, and their number increases with increasing inorganic phase content. Solvent extractions show that hybrid soluble fraction contains low $\overline M _{\rm n}$ PTMC chains with isopropoxide ends, which suggests that TiOC bond formation is mainly promoted by transesterification reactions of isopropyl alcohol onto the polymer chain, catalyzed by Ti compounds. Hybrid thermal properties reflect the combined effect of the decrease of PTMC molecular weight and of bond formation between PTMC and the inorganic network. The nanometric dimension of the TiO2 domains, confirmed by atomic force microscopy, provides optically transparent hybrids.magnified image
Polyacrylonitrile and Carbon Nanofibers with Controllable Nanoporous Structures by Electrospinning
Authors: Zhang Zhenyi , Li Xinghua , Wang Changhua , Fu Shawei , Liu Yichun , Shao Changlu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and carbon nanofibers with controllable nanoporous structures were successfully prepared via electrospinning technique. For the preparation of porous PAN nanofibers, two kinds of polymers of PAN and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used as electrospun precursor materials, and then the bicomponent nanofibers of PAN and PVP were extracted with water to remove the PVP in the composite polymer nanofibers. By altering the ratio of PAN/PVP in the precursor, the pore size and pore distribution of porous PAN nanofibers could be easily controlled. By using the porous PAN nanofibers as structures directing template and through heat treatment, carbon nanofibers with nanoporous structures were obtained. The porous nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), differential thermal analyses (DTA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectra.magnified image
Sensitive J‐coupled metabolite mapping using Sel‐MQC with selective multi‐spin‐echo readout
Authors: Melkus Gerd , Mörchel Philipp , Behr Volker C. , Kotas Markus , Flentje Michael , Jakob Peter M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe selective multiple quantum coherence technique is combined with a read gradient to accelerate the measurement of a specific scalar‐coupled metabolite. The sensitivities of the localization using pure phase encoding and localization with the read gradient are compared in experiments at high magnetic field strength (17.6 T). Multiple spin‐echoes of the selective multiple quantum coherence edited metabolite are acquired using frequency‐selective refocusing of the specified molecule group. The frequency‐selective refocusing does not affect the J‐modulation of a coupled spin system, and the echo time is not limited to a multiple of 1/J to acquire pure in‐phase or antiphase signal. The multiple echoes can be used to accelerate the metabolite imaging experiment or to measure the apparent transverse relaxation T2. A simple phase‐shifting scheme is presented, which enables the suppression of editing artifacts resulting from the multiple spin‐echoes of the water resonance. The experiments are carried out on phantoms, in which lactate and polyunsaturated fatty acids are edited, and in vivo on tumors, in which lactate content and T2 are imaged. The method is of particular interest when a fast and sensitive selective multiple quantum coherence editing is necessary, e.g., for spatial three dimensional experiments. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a new method for absolute protein quantification on 2‐D gels
Authors: Baudouin‐Cornu Peggy , Lagniel Gilles , Chédin Stéphane , Labarre Jean 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWith the development of systems biology projects aimed at modeling the cell, accurate and absolute measurements of cellular protein concentrations are increasingly important. However, methods for absolute quantification at the proteomic level remain rare. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we propose a new method based on the radioactive labeling with an 35S compound and 2‐D PAGE. The principle is simple: cells are grown for more than four generations in the presence of a unique sulfur source labeled at a defined specific radioactivity, ensuring that more than 90% of the proteins are labeled at the same specific radioactivity as the sulfur source. After separation of 35S‐labeled proteins on 2‐D gels, each protein is counted. The amount of each protein present in the gel is then calculated, from which is deduced the amount of each protein per cell. The method, limited to soluble and abundant proteins visible on 2‐D gels, is simple, precise and reproducible and does not require an internal standard. We use it to compare the amounts of proteins in two growth conditions: 100 μM sulfate or 500 μM methionine. Up to now, we only had transcriptional data on the expression of these proteins in both conditions.
Microwave‐assisted graft polymerization of ε‐caprolactone onto magnetite
Authors: Nan Alexandrina , Turcu Rodica , Craciunescu Izabell , Pana Ovidiu , Scharf Holger , Liebscher Jürgen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe graft polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) onto magnetite was carried out under microwave irradiation in the presence of tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate. The molar ratio of ε‐CL to tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate was 300, whereas the molar ratio of ε‐CL to magnetite was 5. The chemical structures of the obtained poly(ε‐caprolactone) coated magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR and XPS spectroscopy. These magnetic‐polymer hybrid nanostructures were further investigated by X‐ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. The morphology of the magnetic core‐shell nanostructures were determined by TEM. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5397–5404, 2009
Titration_DB: Storage and analysis of NMR‐monitored protein pH titration curves
Authors: Farrell Damien , Miranda Emanuel Sá , Webb Helen , Georgi Nikolaj , Crowley Peter B. , McIntosh Lawrence P. , Nielsen Jens Erik 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNMR‐monitored pH titration experiments are routinely used to measure site‐specific protein pKa values. Accurate experimental pKa values are essential in dissecting enzyme catalysis, in studying the pH‐dependence of protein stability and ligand binding, in benchmarking pKa prediction algorithms, and ultimately in understanding electrostatic effects in proteins. However, due to the complex ways in which pH‐dependent electrostatic and structural changes manifest themselves in NMR spectra, reported apparent pKa values are often dependent on the way that NMR pH‐titration curves are analyzed. It is therefore important to retain the raw NMR spectroscopic data to allow for documentation and possible re‐interpretation. We have constructed a database of primary NMR pH‐titration data, which is accessible via a web interface. Here, we report statistics of the database contents and analyze the data with a global perspective to provide guidelines on best practice for fitting NMR titration curves. Titration_DB is available at http://enzyme.ucd.ie/Titration_DB. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic Stem Cells with GFP Knocked into the Dopamine Transporter Yield Purified Dopamine Neurons In Vitro and from Knock-In Mice
Authors: Zhou Wenbo , Lee Young Mook , Guy Vanessa C. , Freed Curt R. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Neural transplantation with fetal dopamine neurons can be an effective therapy for patients with PD, but recovery of human fetal cells is difficult. Scarcity of tissue has limited clinical application to a small number of research subjects worldwide. Selective differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to dopamine neurons could lead to an unlimited supply of cells for expanded clinical transplantation. To facilitate the differentiation and purification of dopamine neurons, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was inserted into the dopamine transporter (DAT) locus in mouse ESCs using homologous recombination. From these DAT-GFP ESCs, dopamine neurons expressing GFP were successfully produced by in vitro differentiation. The DAT-GFP ESCs were used to generate DAT-GFP knock-in mice. We have found that GFP was colocalized with DAT, Pitx3, Engrailed-1, and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in midbrain, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb but not in noradrenergic cell regions or other ectopic sites. The GFP-positive dopamine neurons could be isolated from embryonic day-15 ventral midbrain by fluorescence activated cell sorting. These purified dopamine neurons survived reculture and expressed tyrosine hydroxylase and DAT when cocultured with mouse astrocytes or striatal cells. Animals homozygous for DAT-GFP were hyperactive because they had no functional DAT protein. These DAT-GFP knock-in ESCs and mice provide unique tools for purifying dopamine neurons to study their physiology, pharmacology, and genetic profiles.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Architectural Growth of Cu Nanoparticles Through Electrodeposition
Authors: Ko Wen-Yin , Chen Wei-Hung , Cheng Ching-Yuan , Lin Kaun-Jiuh 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Cu particles with different architectures such as pyramid, cube, and multipod have been successfully fabricated on the surface of Au films, which is the polycrystalline Au substrate with (111) domains, using the electrodeposition technique in the presence of the surface-capping reagents of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and poly(vinylpyrrolidone). Further, the growth evolution of pyramidal Cu nanoparticles was observed for the first time. We believe that our method might open new possibilities for fabricating nanomaterials of non-noble transition metals with various novel architectures, which can then potentially be utilized in applications such as biosensors, catalysis, photovoltaic cells, and electronic nanodevices.
Novel Two‐Phase Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds for Epoxidation of Vegetable Oils by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Jiang Pingping , Chen Min , Dong Yuming , Lu Yun , Ye Xia , Zhang Weijie 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA series of new organometallic catalysts for epoxidized vegetable oils using H2O2 in a biphasic system were investigated. The effect of reaction parameters such as the amount of hydrogen peroxide, reaction time and temperature in the epoxidation of soybean oil are discussed in detail. A selectivity of 83.8% was obtained in 4 h at 60 °C, when [(C18H37)2N(CH3)2]3{PO4[WO(O2)2]4} was used as the catalyst. When methyltrioxorhenium (MTO), imidazole and CH3CN were used as the catalyst, adduct, and solvent respectively, a selectivity of 99.90% was achieved in 4 h at 20 °C. The catalytic system was used for the epoxidation of other oils, whose results showed it was active in the epoxidation of long‐chain unsaturated compounds. Furthermore, the reaction of H2O2 with methyltrioxorhenium was studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy, which revealed the active peroxorhenium complexes formed during the reaction. Epoxidation of these oils with organometallic compounds occurred through the interactions between the oils unsaturated sites HOMO π(C–C) and the unoccupied peroxo σ*(O–O) orbital.
Percutaneous hemi-epiphysiodesis using transphyseal cannulated screws for genu valgum in adolescents
Authors: Mesa Pedro Antonio Sánchez , Yamhure Fernando Helo 
Published: September 2009

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess percutaneous femoral distal hemi-epiphysiodesis using transphyseal cannulated screws in order to correct valgus angular deformities of the knee in pediatric and adolescent patients. Methods This is a prospective longitudinal study in which our experience with 52 patients is described. Results We evaluated 100 knees surgically managed for pathologic genu valgum over a 68-month period. The average age at surgery for boys and girls was 14 years and 7 months (range 12.7–15.1 years) and 13 years and 6 months (range 12.9–14.8 years), respectively. The pre-surgical tibiofemoral (T–F) angle was measured at between 14.17° and 35.3°, and the postoperative T–F was measured at between 6.2° and 15.8° (7.2° ± 0.65°, mean ± standard deviation), for an average correction of 0.73° ± 0.45° per month). The mean follow-up after surgery was 3.2 years (range 2.3–5.3 years). Conclusions We demonstrate a simple, fast and reproducible surgical technique for percutaneous epiphysiodesis with low morbidity, rapid rehabilitation and a rapid return to school and sports activities. We experienced no complications, such as overcorrection, undercorrection, postoperative hematoma or infection. We conclude that percutaneous screw epiphysiodesis is an excellent option for the treatment of genu valgum in adolescents.
Dynamic Monitoring of Cellular Remodeling Induced by the Transforming Growth Factor-β1
Authors: Staršíchová Andrea , Kubala Lukáš , Lincová Eva , Pernicová Zuzana , Kozubík Alois , Souček Karel 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The plasticity of differentiated adult cells could have a great therapeutic potential, but at the same time, it is characteristic of progression of serious pathological states such as cancer and fibrosis. In this study, we report on the application of a real-time noninvasive system for dynamic monitoring of cellular plasticity. Analysis of the cell impedance profile recorded as cell index using a real-time cell analyzer revealed its significant increase after the treatment of prostate epithelial cells with the transforming growth factor-β1. Changes in the cell index profile were paralleled with cytoskeleton rebuilding and induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and negatively correlated with cell proliferation. This novel application of such approach demonstrated a great potential of the impedance-based system for noninvasive and real-time monitoring of cellular fate.
N‐Nitrosopiperidine and N‐Nitrosodibutylamine induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via the caspase dependent pathway
Authors: García Almudena , Morales Paloma , Rafter Joseph , Haza Ana I. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) exhibited a dose and time‐dependent apoptotic response following treatment with N‐Nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N‐Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), two recognized human carcinogens. Our results showed a significant apoptotic cell death (95%) after 24 h treatment with NDBA (3.5 mM), whereas it was necessary to use high doses of NPIP (45 mM) to obtain a similar percentage of apoptotic cells (86%). In addition, both extrinsic (caspase‐8) and intrinsic pathway (caspase‐9) could be implicated in the N‐Nitrosamines‐induced apoptosis. This study also addresses the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as intermediates for apoptosis signaling. A significant increase in ROS levels was observed after NPIP treatment, whereas NDBA did not induce ROS. However, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) did not block NPIP‐induced apoptosis. All these findings suggest that NPIP and NDBA induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via a pathway that involves caspases but not ROS.