bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of two sublineages of genotype G2 rotavirus among diarrheic children in Parauapebas, Southern Pará State, Brazil
Authors: Mascarenhas Joana D'Arc Pereira , Lima Clarissa Silva , de Oliveira Darleise Silva , Guerra Sylvia de Fátima dos Santos , Maestri Régis Piloni , Gabbay Yvone Benchimol , de Lima Ian Carlos Gomes , de Menezes Euzeni Maria Costa , Linhares Alexandre da Costa , Bensabath Gilberta 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOn a world scale, group A human rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe acute gastroenteritis during infancy and childhood, including five (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G9) epidemiologically important genotypes. Among these, G2 denotes a different genogroup which appears to have a cyclic pattern of occurrence and yet little information is available about its genetic variability. The aim of this report was to characterize the emergence of G2 genotype in Paraupebas, Southern Pará State, Brazil, some of which detected after introduction of rotavirus vaccine. A total of 241 fecal specimens from young children with acute gastroenteritis were collected from the “Yutaka Takeda Hospital,” a Municipality Hospital, and at the Parauapebas' Health Unit, Pará, from January to September 2006 and during March to November 2008. All samples were tested for rotavirus using immunochromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and RT‐PCR, yielding an overall positivity of 12.45% (30/241). Rotavirus G2P[4] was identified in 27 of 30 samples (90%), followed by G1P[8] (2/30, 6.67%) and G9P[8] (1/30, 3.33%). Phylogenetic analysis was performed in 15 of the G2 strains, all of which grouped into lineage II. Four of these strains clustered into sublineage II‐a (year 2006) and 11 into one possible new sublineage named II‐c (year 2008, except SAL‐1920‐C). The recent re‐emergence of G2 genotype associated with lineage II in Brazil warrants the continuous monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains following the nationwide universal use of rotavirus vaccine. J. Med. Virol. 82:712–719, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amino acid substitutions in the hepatitis C virus core region of genotype 1b affect very early viral dynamics during treatment with telaprevir, peginterferon, and ribavirin
Authors: Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Hirakawa Miharu , Kawamura Yusuke , Yatsuji Hiromi , Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kobayashi Mariko , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSubstitution of amino acid (aa) 70 and 91 in the core region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b can predict the response to pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN)/ribavirin combination therapy, but its impact on triple therapy of telaprevir/PEG‐IFN/ribavirin is not clear. The aims of this study were to investigate the rate of HCV RNA loss following 12‐week triple therapy, and determine the effect of aa substitutions on very early (within 48 hr) viral dynamics. Sixty‐seven patients infected with HCV genotype 1b (HCV‐1b) and high viral load who received 12‐week triple therapy were studied. RNA loss could be achieved in 2%, 34%, 80%, 92%, 95%, 94%, and 90% of the patients after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks of triple therapy, respectively. After 24‐hr treatment, the proportion of patients with Arg70 and Leu91 substitutions with ≥3.0 log fall in HCV RNA was significantly higher than those with <3.0 log fall (P = 0.008). However, the aa substitution patterns in the core region did not influence the fall in HCV RNA after 48‐hr treatment. Multivariate analysis identified substitutions of aa 70 and 91 (P = 0.014) and level of viremia at baseline (≥7.0 log IU/ml; P = 0.085) as independent parameters that determined the ≥3.0 log fall in HCV RNA level after 24‐hr triple therapy. It is concluded that 12‐week triple therapy achieved high rates of loss of HCV RNA in Japanese patients infected with HCV‐1b and high viral load, and that the aa substitution pattern in the core region seems to influence very early viral dynamics. J. Med. Virol. 82:575–582, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased proportion of the CD56bright NK cell subset in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) receiving interferon‐αand ribavirin therapy
Authors: Lee Silvia , Watson Mark W. , Flexman James P. , Cheng Wendy , Hammond Talia , Price Patricia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are implicated in the regulation of a protective immune response in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), but effects of interferon‐α/ribavirin therapy on NK cell subsets and the consequences of viral clearance during therapy remain unclear. Samples were collected from chronically infected patients (n = 34) at baseline and from a subset after 3–10 months on pegylated interferon‐α and ribavirin therapy (n = 19). NK cells present in cryopreserved PBMC were characterized by flow cytometry. Before therapy, the frequency of CD3−CD56+ NK cells was lower in patients than uninfected controls. Therapy increased proportions of CD56bright NK cells. Frequencies of CD56dim NK cells declined slightly while perforin and CD16 expression on CD56dim NK cells decreased compared to baseline samples. Evaluation of NK cell subsets at baseline did not identify patients able to achieve sustained virological response following therapy. However, therapy may promote the expansion of NK cells able to produce interferon‐γ, while minimizing cytotoxicity to limit liver damage. J. Med. Virol. 82:568–574, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of atmosphere composition on the quality of ready‐to‐use broccoli raab (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Cefola Maria , Amodio Maria L , Cornacchia Rosaria , Rinaldi Raffaella , Vanadia Sebastiano , Colelli Giancarlo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Many leafy brassicas are widely used for ready‐to‐use salads. Broccoli raab (Brassica rapa L.), also called turnip top, or rapini, is extensively cultivated in southern Italy. The edible portion is made up of the green, immature inflorescences and the stem with its most tender leaves. Recently, interest in this crop has increased among European consumers; moreover, a substantial increase in consumption could come from the ready‐to‐use product.RESULTS: The effects of four different atmosphere compositions (air, 3% O2 in nitrogen, 3% O2 + 10% CO2 in air, and 10% CO2 in air) on quality attributes of ready‐to‐use broccoli raab were studied. Controlled atmosphere affected appearance, composition, respiration rate, weight loss, and presence of off‐odours. Storage of broccoli raab florets under low oxygen conditions delayed post‐cutting deterioration during storage at 5 °C and preserved appearance and typical odour, up to 17 days. Moreover, respiration rate as well as loss of green colour, chlorophyll and vitamin C were also slowed down in this condition. Finally, in this study no effect of controlled atmosphere storage was found on total phenols content and antioxidant activity.CONCLUSION: Results showed that cold storage in 3% O2 can be beneficial in order to maintain quality of ready‐to‐use, broccoli raab for up to 17 days. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of malting conditions and quality characteristics of malt and roasted malt extract from ‘acha’ grains (Digitaria exilis Stapf)
Authors: Lasekan Ola , Terezinha Salva J , Abbas Kassim 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Considering the importance of malting and roasting on the quality of ‘acha’ beverages, a study was conducted to find optimum conditions for malting and the production of a high‐quality roasted extract that could be used for an ‘acha’ beverage.RESULTS: The data obtained were analysed using response surface methodology. The results revealed that the most significant (P < 0.05) malting factors that affect the response variables were the linear terms of germination time and drying temperature. However, for the extract production, the linear term of roasting temperature was the most significant (P < 0.05) factor. The quadratic and interaction terms exhibited significant (P < 0.05) effect in all cases apart from the flavour.CONCLUSION: The overall optimum regions were established at 28 h of germination time, 55 °C drying temperature and 5.0% moisture content for the malting conditions while for the extract production, a roasting temperature of 210 °C, extraction temperature of 70 °C and extraction duration of 20 min were established. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Photodynamic therapy: New treatment for recalcitrant Malassezia folliculitis
Authors: Lee Jin Woong , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Myeung Nam 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundMalassezia folliculitis commonly has been treated with oral antifungal medications. However, it has many therapeutic weaknesses such as infection relapse, drug resistance, or adverse effects like hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal discomfort. Hence, there remains an ongoing need for alternative treatments for recalcitrant Malassezia folliculitis. Recently, many dermatologists suggest photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an alternative therapeutic option for its antimicrobial effect.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of methyl 5‐aminolevulinic acid (MAL)‐PDT for the treatment of recalcitrant Malassezia folliculitis.Materials and MethodsSix Korean patients aged 23–47 years with recalcitrant Malassezia folliculitis were enrolled in this study. The patients enrolled in this study either refused oral medication or were unable to take oral antifungal agents due to hepatotoxicity concerns. Thus, we offered these patients MAL‐PDT as an alternative treatment option. For all patients, photographs of the lesion(s) were taken prior to initiating treatment. MAL cream (Metvix®, Galderma, France) was applied to each lesion (located on the patients' trunks) and covered with an adhesive occlusive dressing polyurethane film (Tegaderm®, 3M Healthcare, St. Paul, MN). After 3 hours, the cream was wiped off and illumination was performed immediately thereafter with non‐coherent red light using light‐emitting diodes (Aktilite® lamp, PhotoCure, Oslo, Norway, average wavelength 630 nm, light dose 37 J/cm2). Illumination was performed for 7.5 minutes. Patients underwent totally three sessions of MAL‐PDT at 2‐week intervals. One month after the last PDT treatment, patients returned to the hospital and lesions were photographed.ResultsAfter three sessions of MAL‐PDT, inflammatory lesions had decreased and improved obviously in four patients, had improved slightly in one patient, and had not improved in one patient.ConclusionMAL‐PDT may be an effective treatment option for patients with recalcitrant Malassezia folliculitis. However, the data on MAL‐PDT are still limited, and additional controlled trials including multiple patients will be necessary to verify the results of this pilot study. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:192–196, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intense pulsed light (IPL): A review
Authors: Babilas Philipp , Schreml Stephan , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Landthaler Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundIntense pulsed light (IPL) devices use flashlamps and bandpass filters to emit polychromatic incoherent high‐intensity pulsed light of determined wavelength spectrum, fluence, and pulse duration. Similar to lasers, the basic principle of IPL devices is a more or less selective thermal damage of the target. The combination of prescribed wavelengths, fluences, pulse durations, and pulse intervals facilitates the treatment of a wide spectrum of skin conditions.ObjectiveTo summarize the physics of IPL, to provide guidance for the practical use of IPL devices, and to discuss the current literature on IPL in the treatment of unwanted hair growth, vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, acne vulgaris, and photodamaged skin and as a light source for PDT and skin rejuvenation.MethodsA systematic search of several electronic databases, including Medline and PubMed and the authors experience on intense pulsed light.ResultsNumerous trials show the effectiveness and compatibility of IPL devices.ConclusionMost comparative trials attest IPLs similar effectiveness to lasers (level of evidence: 2b to 4, depending on the indication). However, large controlled and blinded comparative trials with an extended follow‐up period are necessary. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:93–104, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiant near infrared light emitting Diode exposure as skin preparation to enhance photodynamic therapy inflammatory type acne treatment outcome
Authors: Barolet Daniel , Boucher Annie 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAn alternative approach in the treatment of acne vulgaris is photodynamic therapy (PDT) that uses light and aminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) production to eradicate Propionibacterium acnes found in acne lesions. PpIX formation is dependent on ALA percutaneaous penetration. In this study, to enhance ALA penetration and subsequent accumulation of PpIX, skin temperature was increased with radiant infrared (IR) prior to ALA–PDT application and compared to ALA–PDT alone in the treatment of inflammatory acne.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTen patients exhibiting inflammatory acne with a lesion count of ≥10 were assigned to a split face or split back group. One side was pre‐treated for 15 minutes with radiant IR light emitting diode (LED) (970 nm), while the other side was used as control. ALA was then applied after which PDT LED (630 nm) was performed on the entire face or back surface. Blinded lesion counts and clinical global assessment of severity were performed based on digital photographs before and 4 weeks after the PDT procedure.ResultsThis randomized, controlled, and rater‐blinded trial revealed a significant difference in median reduction of inflammatory lesions on the IR pre‐treated (73%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 51–81%) versus the control side (38%, 95% CI 8–55%) 1 month after PDT (P<0.0001). Clinical assessment of severity was also significantly lower on the IR‐treated side than on the control side (median 1, 95% CI 0.74–1.34 vs. 2, 95% CI 1.17–1.72). No unusual treatment‐related adverse effects were observed.ConclusionThe reported therapeutic effects may be due to enhanced induction of alterations in transcutaneous diffusion kinetics of the photosensitizer at higher skin temperature and/or conversion of ALA to PpIX. Pre‐PDT radiant IR LED exposure appears to be a promising method to enhance PDT efficacy for the treatment of acne lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:171–178, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial testing of a monoclonal antibody (IMC‐A12) against IGF‐1R by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Houghton Peter J. , Morton Christopher L. , Gorlick Richard , Kolb E. Anders , Keir Stephen T. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Maris John M. , Wu Jianrong , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundMany childhood malignancies including sarcomas, neuroblastoma, and Wilms tumor show the presence of both, active, type‐1‐insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐1R), and the autocrine production of its ligands IGF‐1/IGF‐2. IMC‐A12 is a fully human IgG1 antibody that prevents ligand binding to the IGF‐1R.ProceduresIMC‐A12 was evaluated against the 23 cell lines of the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) in vitro panel using 96 hr exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.01 nM to 0.1 µM. IMC‐A12 was tested in vivo at a dose of 1 mg/mouse administered intraperitoneally twice weekly for 6 weeks.ResultsIn vitro, IMC‐A12‐induced T/C values <50% in only three cell lines, a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (Rh41) and two Ewing sarcoma cell lines (TC‐71 and CHLA‐9). In vivo, IMC‐A12 induced significant differences in EFS distribution compared to control in 24 of 34 (71%) evaluable solid tumor xenografts. Using the PPTP “time to event” activity measure, IMC‐A12 induced intermediate (n = 13) or high (n = 1) activity in 33 xenografts evaluable for this activity measure, including 6 of 6 rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts, 3 of 5 osteosarcoma xenografts, 2 of 5 neuroblastoma xenografts, and 1 of 5 Ewing sarcoma xenografts. The only objective response observed was observed in a rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft (Rh28) that achieved a maintained complete response.ConclusionsIMC‐A12 demonstrated broad antitumor activity against the PPTP's in vivo solid tumor panels, with the activity primarily being tumor growth inhibition rather than tumor regression. IMC‐A12 showed its greatest activity in vivo against the PPTP's rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:921–926 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First‐trimester assessment of placenta function and the prediction of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Zhong Yan , Tuuli Methodius , Odibo Anthony O. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPreeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are major contributors to perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Both are characterized by impaired trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries and their conversion from narrow muscular vessels to wide non‐muscular channels. Despite improvement in the understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions, ability to accurately identify pregnant woman who will develop them is limited. This greatly impairs the development and testing of preventive interventions. While different measures of placental dysfunction have been associated with increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, the ability of any single one to accurately predict these outcomes is poor. Developing predictive tests is further challenged by difficulty in the timing of the measurements, as both the structural and biochemical characteristics of the placenta change with increasing gestational age. The ideal screening test would accurately predict the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes early enough to provide a window for preventive interventions. Improvement in ultrasound technology provides potentially useful novel tools for evaluating placental structure, but measuresments need to be standardized in order to be useful. Maternal serum analyte screening is a noninvasive test of placental biochemical function, but present serum marker alone is not sufficiently accurate to suggest its routine use in clinical practice. The use of first trimester biochemical markers in combination with uterine artery Doppler screening is promising as a potential screening tool. Prospective longitudinal studies using standardized methodology are necessary to further evaluate the choice of parameters and strategies of combination to achieve the best predictive models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uro‐words making history: Ureter and urethra
Authors: Marx Franz Josef , Karenberg Axel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPURPOSEWe comprehensively review the history of the terms “ureter” and “urethra” from 700 BC to the present.MATERIALS AND METHODSUsing a case study approach, ancient medical texts were analyzed to clarify the etymology and use of both terms. In addition, selected anatomy textbooks from the 15th to 17th centuries were searched to identify and compare descriptions, illustrations, and various expressions used by contemporary authors to designate the upper and lower parts of the urinary tract.RESULTSThe Ancient Greek words “ureter” and “urethra” appear early in Hippocratic and Aristotelian writings. However, both terms designated what we today call the urethra. It was only with increasing anatomical knowledge in Greek medical texts after the 1st century AD that definitions of these words evolved similar to those we employ today. Numerous synonyms were used which served as a basis for translation into Arabic and later Latin during the transfer of ancient knowledge to the cultures of the medieval period. When Greek original texts and their Arabic–Latin version were compared during the Renaissance, this led to terminological confusion which could only be gradually overcome. Around the year 1600, the use of the latinized terms “ureter” and “urethra” became generally accepted. The dissemination of these terms in modern national languages and the emergence of clinical derivatives complete this historical development.CONCLUSIONSThe history of the terms “ureter” and “urethra” is exemplary of the difficulties with which the development of a precise urologic terminology had to struggle. The story behind the words also clarifies why even today we still have imprecise or misleading terms. Prostate 70: 952–958, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Snail transcription factor regulates neuroendocrine differentiation in LNCaP prostate cancer cells
Authors: McKeithen Danielle , Graham Tisheeka , Chung Leland W.K. , Odero‐Marah Valerie 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDSnail transcription factor induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) via decreased cell adhesion‐associated molecules like E‐cadherin, and increased mesenchymal markers like vimentin. We previously established Snail‐mediated EMT model utilizing androgen‐dependent LNCaP cells. These cells express increased vimentin protein and relocalization of E‐cadherin from the cell membrane to the cytosol. Interestingly, Snail transfection in LNCaP cells resulted in cells acquiring a neuroendocrine (NE)‐like morphology with long neurite‐like processes.METHODSWe tested for expression of NE markers neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin A (CgA) by Western blot analysis, and performed proliferation assays to test for paracrine cell proliferation.RESULTSLNCaP cells transfected with Snail displayed increase in the NE markers, NSE and CgA as well as translocation of androgen receptor (AR) to the nucleus. LNCaP C‐33 cells that have been previously published as a neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) model exhibited increased expression levels of Snail protein as compared to LNCaP parental cells. Functionally, conditioned medium from the LNCaP‐Snail transfected cells increased proliferation of parental LNCaP and PC‐3 cells, which could be abrogated by NSE/CgA siRNA. Additionally, NED in LNCaP‐C33 cells or that induced in parental LNCaP cells by serum starvation could be inhibited by knockdown of Snail with siRNA.CONCLUSIONOverall our data provide evidence that Snail transcription factor may promote tumor aggressiveness in the LNCaP cells through multiple processes; induction of EMT may be required to promote migration, while NED may promote tumor proliferation by a paracrine mechanism. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of Snail may prove beneficial in not only abrogating EMT but also NED. Prostate 70: 982–992, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of hepsin gene variants with prostate cancer risk and prognosis
Authors: Holt Sarah K. , Kwon Erika M. , Lin Daniel W. , Ostrander Elaine A. , Stanford Janet L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepsin (HPN) is one of the most consistently overexpressed genes in prostate cancer and there is some evidence supporting an association between HPN gene variants and prostate cancer risk. We report results from a population‐based case–control genetic association study for six tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in the HPN gene.METHODSProstate cancer risk was estimated using adjusted unconditional logistic regression in 1,401 incident prostate cancer cases diagnosed in 1993 through 1996 or 2002 through 2005 and 1,351 age‐matched controls. Risks of disease recurrence/progression and prostate cancer‐specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression in 437 cases with long‐term follow‐up.RESULTSThere were 135 recurrence/progression events and 57 cases who died of prostate cancer. Contrary to some earlier studies, we found no evidence of altered risk of developing prostate cancer overall or when clinical measures of tumor aggressiveness were considered for any of the tagSNPs, assessed either individually or by haplotypes. There was no evidence of altered risks of tumor recurrence/progression or prostate cancer death associated with variants in the HPN gene.CONCLUSIONSGermline genetic variation of HPN does not seem to contribute to risk of prostate cancer or prognosis. Prostate 70: 1012–1019, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.