bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land consolidation impacts the abundance and richness of natural enemies but not pests in small‐holder rice systems
Authors: Gong Shanxing , Zhu Yulin , Fu Daomeng , Bianchi Felix J. J. A. , van der Werf Wopke , Hodgson Jenny A. , Xiao Haijun , Zou Yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Traditional small‐holder agricultural landscapes in southern China are being consolidated to increase mechanisation levels in agriculture, but it is unclear how this influences rice arthropod communities in these landscapes.

Here, based on a six‐year study in 20 rice fields, we evaluated the impact of land consolidation on arthropod communities, crop damage, and rice yield. We also analysed how effects of land consolidation were moderated by the proportion of large semi‐natural habitat patches and insecticide use.

We found that, compared to consolidated fields, rice fields in traditional farmlands had a higher abundance and family richness of natural enemies, but a similar abundance of rice pests. Land consolidation did not significantly interact with the proportion of large semi‐natural habitat patches or insecticide application, in terms of affecting arthropods. The proportion of semi‐natural habitat reduced the negative effect of insecticide application on key rice pests, but no equivalent interaction occurred for natural enemies.

Synthesis and applications: Land consolidation can have negative impacts on the abundance and richness of natural enemies, but not pests in small‐holder rice systems, and these impacts are independent from insecticide application and proportion of semi‐natural habitat in the landscape. We recommend the implementation of agri‐environmental measures or re‐establishing field margin vegetation during the consolidation process to mitigate these potential negative effects, although trade‐off between enhancing crop yields and preserving rice arthropod biodiversity should be considered. We encourage future research to focus on the detailed assessment of the function of linear habitats for a better understanding of the impact of land consolidation.
Evaluation of child with asthma and her caregivers based on the Pender health promotion model, and linkages of NANDA, NIC–NOC: A case presentation
Authors: Seval Müge , Kuzlu Ayyildiz Tülay , Uzuntarla Güney Emine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeDespite highly effective asthma treatments, the prevalence of asthma is increasing in children and adolescents. Despite easy access to asthma control, sufficient control and management are not achieved. Asthma management is crucial to prevent the development of asthma symptoms and attacks, reduce repeated hospitalizations, and prevent a decrease in the quality of life for both the child and caregivers. This case study aims to increase the utilization of theories, models, and classification systems by evaluating a child diagnosed with asthma for 6 years and their caregivers based on Pender's health promotion model (PHPM). Furthermore, the study aims to establish a connection with NANDA, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), thereby formulating a nursing care plan.MethodsThis case study evaluated a child diagnosed with asthma for 6 years and their caregivers based on PHPM. A nursing care plan was developed by establishing connections with NANDA, NIC, and NOC and based on Pender's health promotion.FindingsBy establishing connections with NANDA, NIC, and NOC, a nursing care plan of a total of six included nursing diagnoses has been created as five based on the PHPM.ConclusionThe care plan implemented improved S.B.K.’s clinical condition. Furthermore, the mother's social support increased, and her confidence in managing asthma improved. As a result of implementing the model, the mother reached the potential to develop healthy behaviors for S.B.K. and make future‐oriented plans.Implications for nursing practiceIt is recommended that NANDA‐I, NIC, and NOC, along with PHPM, be used in clinical nursing care and scientific research to enhance the presentation of quality care and the individual's future health potential.
The association between alcohol retail access and health care visits attributable to alcohol for individuals with and without a history of alcohol‐related health‐care use
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Friesen Erik , Talarico Robert , Gaudreault Adrienne , Taljaard Monica , Hobin Erin , Smith Brendan T. , Schwartz Naomi , Giesbrecht Norman , Crépault Jean‐François , Tanuseputro Peter , Manuel Douglas G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsAlcohol retail access is associated with alcohol use and related harms. This study measured whether this association differs for people with and without heavy and disordered patterns of alcohol use.DesignThe study used a repeated cross‐sectional analysis of health administrative databases.Setting, participants/casesAll residents of Ontario, Canada aged 10–105 years with universal health coverage (n = 10 677 604 in 2013) were included in the analysis.MeasurementsQuarterly rates of emergency department (ED) and outpatient visits attributable to alcohol in 464 geographic regions between 2013 and 2019 were measured. Quarterly off‐premises alcohol retail access scores were calculated (average drive to the closest seven stores) for each geographic region. Mixed‐effect linear regression models adjusted for area‐level socio‐demographic covariates were used to examine associations between deciles of alcohol retail access and health‐care visits attributable to alcohol. Stratified analyses were run for individuals with and without prior alcohol‐attributable health‐care use in the past 2 years.FindingsWe included 437 707 ED visits and 505 271 outpatient visits attributable to alcohol. After adjustment, rates of ED visits were 39% higher [rate ratio (RR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–1.61] and rates of outpatient visits were 49% higher (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.26–1.75) in the highest versus lowest decile of alcohol access. There was a positive association between alcohol access and outpatient visits attributable to alcohol for individuals without prior health‐care attributable to alcohol (RR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.39–1.95 for the highest to lowest decile of alcohol access) but not for individuals with prior health‐care attributable to alcohol (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.90–1.30). There was a positive association between alcohol access and ED visits attributable to alcohol for individuals with and without prior health‐care for alcohol for ED visits.ConclusionIn Ontario, Canada, greater alcohol retail access appears to be associated with higher rates of emergency department (ED) and outpatient health‐care visits attributable to alcohol. Individuals without prior health‐care for alcohol may be more susceptible to greater alcohol retail access for outpatient but not ED visits attributable to alcohol.
Strategies adopted by informal carers to enhance participation in daily activities for persons with dementia
Authors: Burridge Gemma , Amato Carmen , Bye Rosalind , Basic David , Ní Chróinín Danielle , Hill Susanna , Howe Kaitlin , Liu Karen P. Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveCarers for people with dementia commonly experience difficulty assisting the care‐recipients with their daily activities and may adopt specific strategies to decrease the difficulties experienced. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore and understand the strategies used by carers to assist with daily activities for persons living with dementia.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews via face‐to‐face or telephone mode were conducted with 62 carers of persons living with dementia in Australia. Carers were asked about the strategies they have used previously, or are currently using, to assist with daily activity completion. Data were analysed via constant comparison and thematic analysis.ResultsAll carers reported the need for strategies to accommodate the varying behaviour and functioning of the care‐recipients. Participants reported a total of 207 strategies that fell into four main categories: (i) engage; (ii) adapt; (iii) orientate; and (iv) sense. The most used strategies were reported as those aimed at adapting the activity by using equipment to facilitate completion.ConclusionsCarers help persons living with dementia complete their daily activities by developing their own strategies based on the care‐recipients' needs and personal preferences through a trial‐and‐error process. Carers can benefit if more advice is provided to them by health/social care professionals regarding what strategies may be helpful. Further studies are needed to develop these strategies into an educational package so that carers can be guided to use these strategies appropriately.
Early skin‐to‐skin contact and the risk of intraventricular haemorrhage and sepsis in preterm infants
Authors: Johansson Maria Wallin , Lilliesköld Siri , Jonas Wibke , Thernström Blomqvist Ylva , Skiöld Béatrice , Linnér Agnes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the risks of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) or sepsis in extremely and very preterm infants exposed to early skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC).MethodsData from the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register from 2015 to 2021 were extracted to compare the proportions of infants exposed and not exposed to SSC on day 0 and/or 1 in life that developed IVH or sepsis.ResultsA total of 2514 infants, 1005 extremely preterm and 1509 very preterm, were included. This amounted to 69% of all extremely and very preterm infants born during the study period. The proportion of infants with IVH exposed and not exposed to early SSC was 11% and 27%, an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.67 (95%CI 0.52–0.86, p = 0.002). The proportion of infants with sepsis exposed and not exposed to early SSC was 16% and 30%, an aOR of 0.94 (95%CI 0.75–1.2, p = 0.60). For extremely preterm infants, the proportion with sepsis when exposed and not exposed to early SSC was 29% and 44%, an aOR of 0.65 (95%CI 0.46–0.92, p = 0.015).ConclusionIn the current setting, the risk of IVH or sepsis is not increased when an extremely or very preterm infant is exposed to early SSC.
Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of gastric mucosa after one anastomosis gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Qin Xiaoguang , Mao Zhongqi , Lee Wei‐Jei , Zhang Min , Wu Guoqiang , Zhou Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is now the third most common bariatric surgery worldwide. This procedure is garnering increasing attention, but its complication of bile reflux and the associated risk of gastric carcinogenesis remains controversial.ObjectiveThe study aims to assess the impact of bile reflux on the gastric mucosa by comparing pathological and immunohistochemical results of gastric mucosa before and 2 years after OAGB surgery.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed gastric lesions observed in gastroscopy before and after OAGB surgery. Pathological examinations were conducted on mucosal samples from proximal, middle and distal part of stomach, with a particular focus on the expression of Ki‐67, P53, and CDX2 in immunohistochemistry. Ki‐67 indicates cellular proliferation, P53 is a tumor suppressor protein, and CDX2 is a marker for intestinal differentiation.ResultsA total of 16 patients completed the follow‐up. Regarding gastritis, presurgery nonerosive gastritis was found in two cases (12.5%), and postsurgery in six cases (37.5%). Erosive gastritis increased from one case (6.2%) presurgery to three cases (18.7%) postsurgery, totaling an increase from three to nine cases (p = .028). Bile reflux in the stomach increased from one case (6.2%) presurgery to three cases (18.7%) postsurgery. Most lesions in the proximal, middle, and distal part of stomach were relatively mild, with normal tissue states being predominant. Mild inflammation was found in all three areas, whereas moderate inflammation, intestinal metaplasia, and glandular atrophy were less common. No cases of severe inflammation were noted. The expression of gastric biomarkers CDX‐2, Ki67, and P53 showed no significant statistical variation in different areas.ConclusionBile reflux does occur after OAGB, but its incidence is not high. Based on the immunohistochemical and pathological results of the gastric mucosa 2 years post‐OAGB, there seems to be no significant causal relationship between OAGB and oncogenic inflammation around the gastric tube.
Body mass index and astigmatism: A nationwide study
Authors: Nitzan Itay , Akavian Inbal , Shmueli Or , Erdinest Nir , Hanina Yair , Twig Gilad , Safir Margarita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundExisting research on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and astigmatism yields inconsistent results. This study analyses this association in a nationally representative sample of adolescents.MethodsThis retrospective, cross‐sectional study included Israeli adolescents who underwent medical assessments before mandatory military service between 2011 and 2022. BMI was categorised based on the US age‐ and sex‐matched percentiles. Astigmatism was categorised by magnitude [low‐moderate: 0.75 to <3.00 diopters (D), high: ≥3.00 D], and axis orientation [with‐the‐rule (WTR), against‐the‐rule (ATR), or oblique (OBL)]. Sex‐stratified regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables were used.ResultsOf 935 989 adolescents evaluated, 887 325 were included [511 465 (57.6%) males, mean age 17.2 years]. Astigmatism was diagnosed in 123 675 (13.9%) adolescents, of whom 117 081 (13.2%) had low‐moderate and 6594 (0.7%) had high astigmatism. WTR astigmatism was the most prevalent (8.2%), followed by ATR (4.1%) and OBL (1.6%) types. Compared with low‐normal BMI (5th to 50th percentile), the adjusted ORs for total astigmatism increased with increasing BMI, peaking at 1.65 (1.57–1.74) in males and 1.74 (1.64–1.86) in females with severe obesity. ORs were accentuated for high astigmatism, reaching 3.51 (3.01–4.09) in males, and 3.45 (2.83–4.22) in females with severe obesity. WTR astigmatism demonstrated the strongest association with BMI, with ORs reaching 2.26 (2.13–2.40) in males and 2.04 (1.90–2.20) in females with severe obesity. The results persisted in a series of subgroup analyses.ConclusionsObesity is associated with higher odds of astigmatism in adolescence. Further investigation into the role of weight management in astigmatism development is warranted.
What every clinician needs to know about chronic kidney disease: Detection, classification and epidemiology
Authors: Selby Nicholas M. , Taal Maarten W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major healthcare challenge, affecting >800 million people worldwide. Implications for population health result from the strong associations of CKD with increased rates of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, progressive CKD leading to kidney failure, acute kidney injury (AKI), and mortality. In addition to a single disease perspective, CKD commonly coexists alongside other long‐term conditions, in particular type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. CKD is therefore an important component of multimorbidity that influences individual management and impacts prognosis. CKD is defined by abnormalities of kidney structure or function of any cause with implications for health that are present for longer than 3 months. The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of an abnormal glomerular filtration rate (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and/or the presence of proteinuria (urine albumin to creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g or >3 mg/mmol). GFR is usually estimated from serum creatinine concentration using a variety of validated equations. However, serum creatinine is closely related to muscle mass and may therefore not be an accurate marker of GFR in people with high or low muscle mass (sarcopaenia). Cystatin C is an alternative endogenous marker of GFR that is increasingly being used but also has limitations. An estimate of GFR based on both creatinine and cystatin C is the most accurate. Diagnosis should be followed by classification and risk stratification to guide the development of a risk‐based, personalized care plan. Improved detection and widespread implementation of optimal CKD management has the potential to bring major benefits to population health.
A new approach to geostatistical synthesis of historical records reveals capuchin spatial responses to climate and demographic change
Authors: Jacobson Odd T. , Barrett Brendan J. , Perry Susan E. , Finerty Genevieve E. , Tiedeman Kate M. , Crofoot Margaret C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent proliferation of GPS technology has transformed animal movement research. Yet, time‐series data from this recent technology rarely span beyond a decade, constraining longitudinal research. Long‐term field sites hold valuable historic animal location records, including hand‐drawn maps and semantic descriptions. Here, we introduce a generalised workflow for converting such records into reliable location data to estimate home ranges, using 30 years of sleep‐site data from 11 white‐faced capuchin (Cebus imitator) groups in Costa Rica. Our findings illustrate that historic sleep locations can reliably recover home range size and geometry. We showcase the opportunity our approach presents to resolve open questions that can only be addressed with very long‐term data, examining how home ranges are affected by climate cycles and demographic change. We urge researchers to translate historical records into usable movement data before this knowledge is lost; it is essential to understanding how animals are responding to our changing world.
Managing biodiversity on private land: Directions for collaboration through reconciliation ecology
Authors: Ward Wesley S. , Finlayson Colin (Max) , Vanderzee Michael 
Published: May 2024

SummaryNatural resource management in Australia is beset with ‘wicked’ problems: diminishing biodiversity, increasing soil erosion, spreading soil salinity and global climate change all impact private landholders across rural Australia. These problems highlight the complexity of biodiversity conservation, and the need for inclusive, respectful approaches that enable the participation of rural communities, private landholders and government agencies to effectively manage biodiversity on public and private lands. To address these problems, some landholders, rural communities and other stakeholders are seeking evidence‐based solutions through directly applicable research. In this paper, we identify current barriers to such research and highlight principles and processes for co‐designing and managing research based on mutual trust, respect, power sharing and acceptance of various knowledge systems, as embodied in the theory of reconciliation ecology. We suggest that a ‘community of practice’ approach could assist in establishing effective deliberative relations as a basis for active collaboration in natural resource management research to address these complex problems.
Global modified‐Delphi consensus on comorbidities and prognosis of SCN8A‐related epilepsy and/or neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Conecker Gabrielle , Xia Maya Y. , Hecker JayEtta , Achkar Christelle , Cukiert Cristine , Devries Seth , Donner Elizabeth , Fitzgerald Mark , Gardella Elena , Hammer Michael , Hegde Anaita , Hu Chunhui , Kato Mitsuhiro , Luo Tian , Schreiber John M. , Wang Yi , Kooistra Tammy , Oudin Madeleine , Waldrop Kayla , Youngquist J. Tyler , Zhang Dennis , Wirrell Elaine , Perry M. Scott 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to develop consensus on comorbidities (frequency, severity, and prognosis) and overall outcomes in epilepsy, development, and cognition for the five phenotypes of SCN8A‐related disorders.MethodsA core panel consisting of 13 clinicians, 1 researcher, and 6 caregivers was formed and split into three workgroups. One group focused on comorbidities and prognosis. All groups performed a literature review and developed questions for use in a modified‐Delphi process. Twenty‐eight clinicians, one researcher, and 13 caregivers from 16 countries participated in three rounds of the modified‐Delphi process. Consensus was defined as follows: strong consensus ≥80% fully agree; moderate consensus ≥80% fully or partially agree, <10% disagree; and modest consensus 67%–79% fully or partially agree, <10% disagree.ResultsConsensus was reached on the presence of 14 comorbidities in patients with Severe Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy (Severe DEE) spanning non‐seizure neurological disorders and other organ systems; impacts were mostly severe and unlikely to improve or resolve. Across Mild/Moderate Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy (Mild/Moderate DEE), Neurodevelopmental Delay with Generalized Epilepsy (NDDwGE), and NDD without Epilepsy (NDDwoE) phenotypes, cognitive and sleep‐related comorbidities as well as fine and gross motor delays may be present but are less severe and more likely to improve compared to Severe DEE. There was no consensus on comorbidities in the SeL(F)IE phenotype but strong conesensus that seizures would largely resolve. Seizure freedom is rare in patients with Severe DEE but may occur in some with Mild/Moderate DEE and NDDwGE.SignificanceSignificant comorbidities are present in most phenotypes of SCN8A‐related disorders but are most severe and pervasive in the Severe DEE phenotype. We hope that this work will improve recognition, early intervention, and long‐term management for patients with these comorbidities and provide the basis for future evidence‐based studies on optimal treatments of SCN8A‐related disorders. Identifying the prognosis of patients with SCN8A‐related disorders will also improve care and quality‐of‐life for patients and their caregivers.
DOAC‐Remove to counteract the interference of anti‐Xa oral anticoagulants on the monitoring of heparin
Authors: Melicine Sophie , Habay Capucine , Ghammad Wiame , Carré Julie , Diehl Jean Luc , Smadja David M. , Gendron Nicolas , Helley Dominique , Mauge Laetitia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe monitoring of unfractionated heparin (UFH) by anti‐factor Xa activity (AXA) is commonly used to ensure effective anticoagulation and prevent bleeding risk. However, in patients previously treated with an anti‐Xa direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) switching to UFH therapy, there is a risk of interference that may lead to inappropriate anticoagulation. The first objective of this study was to validate DOAC‐Remove to remove DOAC for measuring UFH specific AXA. The second objective was to assess the length of DOAC interference on UFH monitoring and to identify potential predictive factors.Materials and MethodsThis monocentric retrospective study included all patients admitted from April 2019 to April 2021 previously treated with anti‐Xa DOAC, and for whom an interference on UFH monitoring was suspected. Interference was defined as a difference in the AXA measured before and after using DOAC‐Remove >2.8‐fold standard deviation of the method.ResultsRemoval with DOAC‐Remove was specific of DOAC (apixaban n = 42, rivaroxaban n = 41, UFH n = 20) and sufficient to avoid interference on UFH AXA measurement. The exact interference length was 6.0 days [IQR 3.0–11.0] for apixaban (n = 26) and 4.5 days [IQR 2.0–5.8] for rivaroxaban (n = 20). Among the 89 patients sorted based on an interference length ≤ or >3 days, 74 (83.1%) presented an interference greater than 3 days. Correlations were observed with age for apixaban and creatinine for rivaroxaban.ConclusionsOur results suggest that DOAC‐Remove could be of high interest in patients receiving UFH previously treated with an anti‐Xa DOAC even if DOAC was stopped for more than 3 days.