bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human amnion mesenchymal stem cells promote endometrial repair via paracrine, preferentially than transdifferentiation
Authors: Huang Xiyue , Yang Xiao , Huang Jinglin , Wei Ling , Mao Yanhua , Li Changjiang , Zhang Yingfeng , Chen Qiuhong , Wu Shasha , Xie Lele , Sun Congcong , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Jia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is one of the most severe causes of infertility in women of childbearing age with injured endometrium secondary to uterine performance. Stem cell therapy is effective in treating damaged endometrium. The current reports mainly focus on the therapeutic effects of stem cells through paracrine or transdifferentiation, respectively. This study investigates whether paracrine or transdifferentiation occurs preferentially in treating IUA.

Methods
Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) and transformed human endometrial stromal cells (THESCs) induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) were co-cultured in vitro. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Fibronectin (FN), Collagen I, Cytokeratin19 (CK19), E-cadherin (E-cad) and Vimentin were detected by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting (WB) and Immunohistochemical staining (IHC). The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish the IUA model. hAMSCs, hAMSCs-conditional medium (hAMSCs-CM), and GFP-labeled hAMSCs were injected into intrauterine, respectively. The fibrotic area of the endometrium was evaluated by Masson staining. The number of endometrium glands was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). GFP-labeled hAMSCs were traced by immunofluorescence (IF). hAMSCs, combined with PPCNg (hAMSCs/PPCNg), were injected into the vagina, which was compared with intrauterine injection.

Results
qPCR and WB revealed that FN and Collagen I levels in IUA-THESCs decreased significantly after co-culturing with hAMSCs. Moreover, CK19, E-cad, and Vimentin expressions in hAMSCs showed no significant difference after co-culture for 2 days. 6 days after co-culture, CK19, E-cad and Vimentin expressions in hAMSCs were significantly changed. Histological assays showed increased endometrial glands and a remarkable decrease in the fibrotic area in the hAMSCs and hAMSCs-CM groups. However, these changes were not statistically different between the two groups. In vivo, fluorescence imaging revealed that GFP-hAMSCs were localized in the endometrial stroma and gradually underwent apoptosis. The effect of hAMSCs by vaginal injection was comparable to that by intrauterine injection assessed by H&E staining, MASSON staining and IHC.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrated that hAMSCs promoted endometrial repair via paracrine, preferentially than transdifferentiation.
A nomogram predicting pneumonia after cardiac surgery: a retrospective modeling study
Authors: Wang Kuo , Zhang Hai-Tao , Fan Fu-Dong , Pan Jun , Pan Tuo , Wang Dong-Jin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is the most prevalent of all nosocomial infections in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for pneumonia after cardiac surgery, from which we constructed a nomogram for prediction.

Methods
The clinical data of patients admitted to the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from October 2020 to September 2021 who underwent cardiac surgery were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had POP: POP group (n=105) and non-POP group (n=1083). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative indicators were collected and analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for POP in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. We constructed a nomogram based on these independent risk factors. Model discrimination was assessed via area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration was assessed via calibration plot.

Results
A total of 105 events occurred in the 1188 cases. Age (>55 years) (OR: 1.83, P=0.0225), preoperative malnutrition (OR: 3.71, P<0.0001), diabetes mellitus(OR: 2.33, P=0.0036), CPB time (Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time) > 135 min (OR: 2.80, P<0.0001), moderate to severe ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome )(OR: 1.79, P=0.0148), use of ECMO or IABP or CRRT (ECMO: Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation; IABP: Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump; CRRT: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy )(OR: 2.60, P=0.0057) and MV( Mechanical Ventilation )> 20 hours (OR: 3.11, P<0.0001) were independent risk factors for POP. Based on those independent risk factors, we constructed a simple nomogram with an AUC of 0.82. Calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted probabilities and actual probabilities.

Conclusion
We constructed a facile nomogram for predicting pneumonia after cardiac surgery with good discrimination and calibration. The model has excellent clinical applicability and can be used to identify and adjust modifiable risk factors to reduce the incidence of POP as well as patient mortality.
X-chromosome inactivation in human iPSCs provides insight into X-regulated gene expression in autosomes
Authors: Topa Hande , Benoit-Pilven Clara , Tukiainen Taru , Pietiläinen Olli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Variation in X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can impact their ability to model biological sex biases. The gene-wise landscape of X chromosome gene dosage remains unresolved in female hiPSCs. To characterize patterns of de-repression and escape from inactivation, we performed a systematic survey of allele specific expression in 165 female hiPSC lines.

Results
XCI erosion is non-random and primarily affects genes that escape XCI in human tissues. Individual genes and cell lines vary in the frequency and degree of de-repression. Bi-allelic expression increases gradually after modest decrease of XIST in cultures, whose loss is commonly used to mark lines with eroded XCI. We identify three clusters of female lines at different stages of XCI. Increased XCI erosion amplifies female-biased expression at hypomethylated sites and regions normally occupied by repressive histone marks, lowering male-biased differences in the X chromosome. In autosomes, erosion modifies sex differences in a dose-dependent way. Male-biased genes are enriched for hypermethylated regions, and de-repression of XIST-bound autosomal genes in female lines attenuates normal male-biased gene expression in eroded lines. XCI erosion can compensate for a dominant loss of function effect in several disease genes.

Conclusions
We present a comprehensive view of X chromosome gene dosage in hiPSCs and implicate a direct mechanism for XCI erosion in regulating autosomal gene expression in trans. The uncommon and variable reactivation of X chromosome genes in female hiPSCs can provide insight into X chromosome’s role in regulating gene expression and sex differences in humans.
Sign-changing solutions for coupled Schrödinger system
Authors: Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study the following nonlinear Schrödinger system: $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta u+\alpha u = \vert u \vert ^{p-1}u+\frac{2}{q+1} \lambda \vert u \vert ^{ \frac{p-3}{2}}u \vert v \vert ^{\frac{q+1}{2}},\quad x \in \mathbb{R}^{3}, \\ -\Delta v+\beta v = \vert v \vert ^{q-1}v+\frac{2}{p+1} \lambda \vert u \vert ^{ \frac{p+1}{2}} \vert v \vert ^{\frac{q-3}{2}}v ,\quad x \in \mathbb{R}^{3}, \\ u(x)\rightarrow 0,\qquad v(x)\rightarrow 0,\quad \text{as } \vert x \vert \rightarrow \infty , \end{cases} $$

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Public involvement and engagement in scientific research and higher education: the only way is ethics?
Authors: Nollett Claire , Eberl Matthias , Fitzgibbon Jim , Joseph-Williams Natalie , Hatch Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Involving and engaging the public in scientific research and higher education is slowly becoming the norm for academic institutions in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Driven by a wide range of stakeholders including regulators, funders, research policymakers and charities public involvement and public engagement are increasingly seen as essential in delivering open and transparent activity that is relevant and positively impacts on our society. It is obvious that any activities involving and engaging members of the public should be conducted safely and ethically. However, it is not clear whether conducting activities ethically means they require ethical approval from a research ethics committee.

Main body
Although there is some guidance available from government organisations (e.g. the UK Health Research Authority) to suggest ethical approval is not required for such activities, requests from funders and publishers to have ethical approval in place is commonplace in the authors’ experience. We explore this using case studies from our own institution.

Conclusion
We conclude that any public-facing activity with the purpose to systemically investigate knowledge, attitudes and experiences of members of the public as research and as human participants requires prior approval from an ethics committee. In contrast, engaging and involving members of the public and drawing on lived experience to inform aspects of research and teaching does not. However, lack of clarity around this distinction often results in the academic community seeking ethical approval ‘just in case’, leading to wasted time and resources and erecting unnecessary barriers for public involvement and public engagement. Instead, ethical issues and risks should be appropriately considered and mitigated by the relevant staff within their professional roles, be it academic or a professional service. Often this can involve following published guidelines and conducting an activity risk assessment, or similar. Moving forward, it is critical that academic funders and publishers acknowledge the distinction and agree on an accepted approach to avoid further exacerbating the problem.
Integrated Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Interleukin 17 DNA Methylation Signature of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Brockman Qierra R. , Rytlewski Jeffrey D. , Milhem Mohammed , Monga Varun , Dodd Rebecca D. 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE Sarcomas are a complex group of highly aggressive and metastatic tumors with over 100 distinct subtypes. Because of their diversity and rarity, it is challenging to generate multisarcoma signatures that are predictive of patient outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we identify a DNA methylation signature for progression and metastasis of numerous sarcoma subtypes using multiple epigenetic and genomic patient data sets. Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) are highly metastatic sarcomas with frequent loss of the histone methyltransferase, PRC2. Loss of PRC2 is associated with MPNST metastasis and plays a critical noncanonical role in DNA methylation. RESULTS We found that over 900 5′—C—phosphate—G—3′ (CpGs) were hypermethylated in MPNSTs with PRC2 loss. Furthermore, we identified eight differentially methylated CpGs in the IL17D/ RD family that correlate with the progression and metastasis of MPNSTs in two independent patient data sets. Similar trends were identified in other sarcoma subtypes, including osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Analysis of scRNAseq data sets determined that IL17D/ RD expression occurs in both the tumor cells and the surrounding stromal populations. CONCLUSION These results might have broad implications for the clinical management and surveillance of sarcoma.
Beta2-agonist Impairs Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Persons With Insulin Resistance
Authors: Onslev Johan , Fiorenza Matteo , Thomassen Martin , Havelund Jesper , Bangsbo Jens , Færgeman Nils , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F P , Hostrup Morten 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Given the promising effects of prolonged treatment with beta2-agonist on insulin sensitivity in animals and nondiabetic individuals, the beta2-adrenergic receptor has been proposed as a target to counter peripheral insulin resistance. On the other hand, rodent studies also reveal that beta2-agonists acutely impair insulin action, posing a potential caveat for their use in treating insulin resistance.

Objective
To assess the impact of beta2-agonist on muscle insulin action and glucose metabolism and identify the underlying mechanism(s) in 10 insulin-resistant subjects.

Methods and participants
In a crossover design, we assessed the effect of beta2-agonist on insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake during a 3-hour hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp with and without intralipid infusion in 10 insulin-resistant, overweight subjects. Two hours into the clamp, we infused beta2-agonist. We collected muscle biopsies before, 2 hours into, and by the end of the clamp and analyzed them using metabolomic and lipidomic techniques.

Results
We establish that beta2-agonist, independently from and additively to intralipid, impairs insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake via different mechanisms. In combination, beta2-agonist and intralipid nearly eliminates insulin-dependent muscle glucose uptake. Although both beta2-agonist and intralipid elevated muscle glucose-6-phosphate, only intralipid caused accumulation of downstream muscle glycolytic intermediates, whereas beta2-agonist attenuated incorporation of glucose into glycogen.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that beta2-agonist inhibits glycogenesis, whereas intralipid inhibits glycolysis in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant individuals. These results should be addressed in future treatment of insulin resistance with beta2-agonist.
Savarkar's Miscegenous Hindu Race
Authors: Sabastian Luna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article establishes racial thinking as central to V. D. Savarkar's (1883–1966) founding theory of Hindutva. Savarkar's issue with the Muslims was not that they were irreducibly “other,” a foreign race polluting Hindu “blood.” Jettisoning racial and caste purity, Savarkar instead grounded Hindutva's myth of a single Hindu race in all-round biological admixture. “Miscegenation,” as it was conceptualized by Nazis and white supremacists at the time, buttressed Hindutva's tremendous violence against Muslims, whose annihilation would come through gendered incorporation. Savarkar redefined the caste system as the crucible of the Hindu race, its endless proliferation testimony to a history of intermarriage expired in the present age. To reestablish the broken bonds of the Hindu race, Savarkar championed intercaste marriage. He offered the same solution to the “Muslim problem.” Muslims, who had carved themselves out of the Hindu race, needed to be reclaimed through conversion coupled with (forced) marriage, sex, and reproduction with a Hindu. Yet only Muslim women could be appropriated in this way, as paternity imparted race; Muslim men would be crushed in their potentiality for sovereignty and decimated in war with the Hindus. Savarkar, this article concludes, based the Hindu body politic on kinship and a vision of gendered incorporation modeled on war.
Rethinking Turanism beyond Expansionism
Authors: Topal Omer Faruk , Ongur Hakan Ovunc 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The mainstream literature on Turanism defines the term as an essentially expansionist and irredentist movement that aims at unifying all Turkic populations. This article challenges this presupposition, arguing that the Turanist imagination has multiple usages. A considerable number of Turkish nationalist intellectuals of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in fact, approached it as a modern political concept within the confines of solidarity and sovereignty. They regarded the general idea of nationalism as a universal concept to which everyone could make an equal claim, including non-Turks in the Ottoman Empire. This translates to mean that Turanism is not necessarily territorial expansionism, nor must it go hand in hand with racist/expansionist claims. Neither should it be understood as the hegemony of Turkey's Turks over other Turks. It rather strives for a Turkist internationalism in which Turks negotiate with each other to maximize their sovereign interests. Seen in that light, Turanism is not a mystical idea, and it refers to modern practical/political concepts such as independence, territorial integrity, national sovereignty, and self-determination.
Union Busting at the Baseball Hall of Fame: The Blacklisting of Union Leader Marvin Miller
Authors: Dreier Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
From the time he retired in 1982 as executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) until 2019, the baseball establishment blacklisted Marvin Miller from the Baseball Hall of Fame. This article recounts how Miller, one of the most influential figures in baseball history, was excluded for so many years by the corporate-backed plutocracy that runs the sport. The Hall of Fame's board of directors stacked the committees responsible for voting on candidates with owners and executives who despised Miller and the players union. It also reveals how and why he was eventually inducted in 2021.
Children’s sex composition and modern contraceptive use among mothers in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md. Nuruzzaman , Khanam Shimlin Jahan , Billah Md Arif , Khan Md Mostaured Ali , Islam M Mofizul 
Published: May 2024

Background
The stagnation and relatively low use of modern contraceptives are ongoing public health concerns in Bangladesh and other low- and middle-income countries. Although a cultural preference for sons may be linked to the current use of contraceptives, this linkage has not been adequately explored in the Bangladesh context. We investigated the effects of child sex composition on the current use of modern contraceptives.

Methods
We extracted and analysed data from 17,333 women who participated in the 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The outcome variable was the current use of modern contraceptive methods. The study factor was the parity and sex composition of the living children. We used multilevel logistic regressions to determine the association between the study factor and outcome variables, adjusting for potential covariates at the individual-, household-, and community-levels.

Results
Women with relatively high parity had higher odds of currently using modern contraceptives. Among the individual parities, compared to women with no live sons, women with one or more live sons were more likely to report currently using modern contraceptives. However, this association is significant for women up to three children. When examining both parity and children’s sex composition in a regression model, in each parity category, the likelihood of using modern contraceptives tend to rise with an increasing number of sons compared to women with just one daughter.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that while the use of modern contraceptives by women increases with the increasing number of children and son preference is prevalent in Bangladesh, women also want to have a mixed composition of son and daughter. The study findings can be used in family planning programmes to customise contraceptive promotion and counselling messages.
Prevalence and change in alcohol consumption in older adults over time, assessed with self-report and Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 —The HUNT Study
Authors: Tevik Kjerstin , Skråstad Ragnhild Bergene , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Selbæk Geir , Bergh Sverre , Eldholm Rannveig Sakshaug , Krokstad Steinar , Helvik Anne-Sofie 
Published: May 2024

Background
Changes in alcohol consumption may affect older adults’ health. We examined prevalence and changes in the alcohol consumption of older women and men (≥65 years) in Norway over a 24-year period.

Methods
Data from three population-based health surveys (The Trøndelag Health Study—HUNT2 1995–97, HUNT3 2006–08, HUNT4 2017–19) were used. Alcohol consumption was measured using self-reported measures and an objective measure of alcohol consumption (Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1, PEth). Self-reported lifetime abstinence, former drinking, current drinking, frequent drinking (≥4 times/week), and risk drinking (≥8 units/week) were measured. The PEth concentrations were stratified: <0.03 μmol/l (abstinence/very low level of alcohol consumption); >0.06 μmol/l (indicating >1 unit/day); >0.10 μmol/l (indicating >3 units/day), and >0.30 μmol/l (heavy alcohol consumption).

Results
In HUNT4, the prevalence of self-reported lifetime abstinence, frequent drinking, and risk drinking was 5.2%, 4.4%, and 5.6%, respectively, while prevalence of PEth <0.03 μmol/l was 68.1% and PEth >0.06 μmol/l was 21.2%. Over the course of the three surveys, the prevalence of self-reported lifetime abstinence decreased, while the prevalence of frequent drinking and risk drinking increased. Men were less often abstainers and more often frequent and risky drinkers than women in all three surveys. Gender differences for abstinence and current drinking reduced with time. From HUNT3 to HUNT4, the prevalence of PEth <0.03 μmol/l decreased, while the prevalence of PEth >0.06 μmol/l increased. Men compared to women, had less often PEth <0.03 μmol/l and more often PEth >0.06 and >0.10 μmol/l in HUNT3 and HUNT4. Women and men ≥75 years were just as likely to have PEth >0.30 μmol/l in HUNT4. The gender differences in PEth concentrations were reduced in HUNT4 among those aged 70–74 years or ≥75 years.

Conclusion
Alcohol consumption has increased among Norwegian older adults over a 24-year period, but at a slower pace during the last decade.
Integration effect of artificial intelligence and traditional animation creation technology
Authors: Yuanliang Wei , Zhe Zhao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite the advancements in modern computer hardware and software, the creation of digital animation still demands a substantial investment of both manpower and time. This article aimed to explore how artificial intelligence (AI) technology can be combined with traditional animation creation techniques to achieve better integration effects. By combining intelligent character animation generation with hand drawing, a generative adversarial network was used to achieve high-quality animation generation. The generator generated realistic animations, and the discriminator measured the authenticity of the animations by comparing the differences between the generator-generated animations and the real animations, which was used for automated character animation generation. This can greatly reduce the cost and time of digital animation creation, improve the quality of digital animation, and provide more innovation for the application of traditional animation technology. The average number of audience attracted by characters through blended creation was 122.2% more than that of characters through traditional animation creation and 32.6% more than that of characters through AI creation. This not only helps animation producers complete animation production more quickly, but also enhances the creativity and artistic value of animation.