bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chip-encoded high-security classical optical key distribution
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhou Hailong , Dong Jianji , Chen Yinfang , Zhu Ninghua , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The information security plays a significant role in both our daily life and national security. As the traditional algorithm-based secure key distribution (SKD) is challenged by the quantum computers, the optical physical-layer SKD has attracted great attentions such as quantum SKD, chaos SKD, and reciprocity-based SKD. However, the cost of quantum SKD is still unaffordable and the latter two classical SKDs are only reliable with some preshared information or under simple eavesdrop. So far, there still lacks a high-security and low-cost optical SKD scheme. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a high-security chip-encoded classical optical SKD paradigm based on the reciprocity of incoherent matrix. The security of SKD is facilitated by the incoherence of input light, and it is the first time that the classical optical SKD is achieved with silicon photonic chips and commercial optical fiber link. Experimentally, we set up a chip-to-chip communication link and achieve key generation rate of 100 bit/s over a 40 km single mode fiber, with key error rate of only 1.89 %. Moreover, we demonstrate the key capacity expansion of the proposed scheme with four-channel wavelength division multiplexing. Our proposal paves the way for the low-cost, high-security, and miniaturized optical SKD.
Importance of dielectric friction effect on polyelectrolytes conductivity
Authors: Mhalla Jalel , Ghazouani Anis , Boughammoura Sondes 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
All current theories concerning the conductivity of polyelectrolytes ignore the dielectric friction effect undergone by the polyion chains according to their conformation. Indeed, Manning’s theory is limited to the case of stretched chains and only takes into account hydrodynamic, electrophoretic and ionic frictions; while scaling approach theories take into account the formation of different types of blobs within the chain but are restricted to hydrodynamic and electrophoretic frictions. In this work, we present a different approach that explains the variation of the equivalent conductivity of polyions having coiled or almost or completely stretched conformations and that takes into account the four frictions. In addition, the introduction of the dielectric friction effect allowed us to interpret the dependency of the equivalent conductivity of a polyion λ
P,X on the nature of its counterions X. A likely correlation between this effect and Hofmeister’s is discussed.
Chemical formalisms: toward a semiotic typology
Authors: Yu Zhigang , Doran Yaegan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chemistry is a highly technical field that relies heavily on a range of symbolic and imagic formalisms. These formalisms conceptualize specific chemical knowledge into semiotic resources that are rarely used elsewhere in most other academic fields or contexts. To develop an understanding of semiosis in highly technical fields such as chemistry, key questions include what this range of formalisms do and why they occur. These are key questions not only for our understanding of semiosis, but also if we wish to develop integrated literacy programs that can support students to marshal the multimodal discourse of chemistry. This paper explores these questions by examining how three key chemical formalisms organize their meaning: symbolic formalisms known as chemical formulas and chemical equations, and an imagic formalism known as structural formulas. Drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics and using a corpus of formalisms from secondary school chemistry, these formalisms are explored in terms of their overarching grammatical organization and the content meanings they realize through the concept of “field.” This is used to compare and contrast each formalism in terms of a semiotic typology so as to understand how they work and what meanings they realize. By exploring chemical formalisms in this way, this paper establishes a means of seeing the similarities and differences in meaning-making across formalisms and explaining why different formalisms occur. This then begins to provide a base upon which applied programs can interpret the literacy needs of chemistry.
Pre-structuralist semiology: materiality of language in Ferdinand de Saussure
Authors: Paskaleva Bogdana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Taking the manuscript On the Dual Essence of Language as a starting point, the article follows the scholarly tradition of reexamining the position of Ferdinand de Saussure’s linguistics regarding twentieth-century semiotics and structuralism. After half a century of research on Saussure’s manuscript legacy, the manuscript discovered in 1996 and published for the first time in 2002 develops aspects of Saussure’s linguistic thought that cannot be inferred on the basis of previously known texts. One of these aspects concerns the crucial question of the nature of the linguistic sign and the process of signification, as well as the role of linguistic science in understanding such problems. The current text aims at reconstructing Saussure’s ideas on these points through an analysis of the notion of final quaternion, claiming that this notion presents an alternative concept of the linguistic sign and signification process that hasn’t been explored so far. It involves a five-sided relationship of non-pregiven elements in one signifying complex that is neither signifier, nor signified, and in the end, brings to the fore the material dimension of verbal language.
Cooperation Between Parents and Teachers in the Context of Applied Forms of Cooperation
Authors: Mendelová Eleonóra , Gužíková Libuša 
Published: June 2024

Aim. It is possible to carry out the development of family-school relations through various forms of cooperation, both traditional and innovative. This paper presents the results of research aimed at identifying the forms of family-school cooperation applied, with an emphasis on the primary level of education. The research aimed to find out the preferred forms of cooperation between parents and teachers and also to determine whether there is a statistically significant association between parents' education and the forms of cooperation used.
Methods. The research instrument was a questionnaire of our construction designed for parents of children in primary education. We statistically evaluated the research findings using descriptive statistics methods and statistical method called Ordinal logistic regression analysis. Subsequently, we tested the reliability and validity (internal consistency) of the questionnaire by Cronbach's α (coefficient alpha).
Results. Our research has shown that the most used form of cooperation between family and school is still the parents' meeting, as the most traditional form of cooperation. Parents do not often use innovative forms of cooperation (open classes, extracurricular activities organised by the school or suggestion boxes for parents). Communication between parents and teachers through digital technologies is widely used to the detriment of face-to-face communication. At the same time, we found that parents' education has not a statistically significant influence on the preferred and used forms of cooperation.
Conclusion. Regardless of the form of cooperation, any contact between parents and teachers helps to build and shape efficient cooperation. The family-school relationship determines the nature of this cooperation, as well as the expectations of both parties for the education of the pupil. We see active family-school cooperation in the active involvement of parents in school and extracurricular activities.
Enhancement of the CO oxidation reaction: Impact of the precursor addition sequence on the synthesis of Au-Co3O4/Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: Hellmer Alexis , Mendoza-Cruz Rubén , Zanella Rodolfo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the present work, it is demonstrated that a synergistic effect on the CO oxidation reaction can be achieved depending on the cobalt loading and deposition order of metal precursors employed in the synthesis of Au-Co3O4/Al2O3 catalysts by the deposition precipitation with urea method. The atomic arrangement of Au and Co3O4 exerts an important influence on the catalytic activity. Intermediate reaction species in the studied systems were identified through DRIFTS spectroscopy, which provided insights into the reaction mechanism. The formation of Au0 and Auδ− as active sites for CO oxidation, along with mono- and bidentate bicarbonate ligands as active reaction intermediates, was elucidated.
Graphical Abstract
Internal Joint Stabilization for Recurrent Nontraumatic Elbow Dislocation in a Skeletally Immature Patient
Authors: Stoneham Adam C.S. , Lindisfarne Edward , Hargreaves David , Heifner John J. 
Published: June 2024

Case:
A 14-year-old adolescent boy with SCN1B mutation experienced frequent seizures and recurrent elbow dislocation, occurring up to 30 times per day. Following failed conservative treatment, the decision was made to surgically repair the lateral collateral ligament complex and stabilize the elbow with the internal joint stabilizer (IJS). At more than 3 years postoperatively, the patient has not had a dislocation event and will retain the device for the foreseeable future to maintain predictable elbow stability.

Conclusion:
Although there is scant evidence supporting the use of the IJS in pediatric cases, the current case supports its use in pediatric elbow instability.
Arduino Sensors Reveal Temperature-Driven Compression Fluctuations in Vehicle Engines
Authors: Fikroh Ubaidillah , Syahrorini Syamsudduha 
Published: June 2024

Many modern vehicles suffer from engine trouble due to decreased compression pressure, necessitating a simple and efficient measurement tool. This study develops an Arduino-based device to measure engine compression and temperature using a pressure sensor in the spark plug location and a temperature sensor in the oil gauge, with results displayed on a 16x2 I2C LCD. Testing each engine cylinder before and after heating shows that compression pressure is strongly influenced by temperature (over 80%). The tool enhances engine diagnostics, offering precise, real-time monitoring to improve vehicle maintenance and longevity.
Highlight:

Real-time Monitoring: Provides precise, real-time engine diagnostics.
Temperature Influence: Compression pressure is 80% influenced by temperature.
Enhanced Maintenance: Offers accurate compression and temperature measurements.

Keywoard: Engine trouble, Compression pressure, Arduino, Pressure sensor, Temperature sensor
Enrichment of the Waste Effluents of Handmade Paper Industry for Biofertilizer Use in Green Chili Plants
Authors: Narayana Satya , Rajesh Mathur , Mishra Rahul , Chauhan Sunita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Effluents pose a great concern for each and every industry including the paper mills. The effluents of papermaking industry need attention due to their dark colors and alkaline nature which on disposal may destroy the biodiversity and aesthetic value of any water body. Due to the non-woody raw materials with minimum chemicals, effluents of handmade paper industry are rich in organic matter and less toxic and less harmful compared to the conventional paper mills. Therefore, the present study was taken up with an aim to utilize effluents of handmade papermaking from cow dung as liquid biofertilizers. For this, the effluent was enriched with selected Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and then used to study its plant growth promoting traits with the seeds of NU1919 variety in Green chilli (Capsicum frutescens) plants using four treatments in triplicates with the Random Block Design. The results of plant growth promotion (viz. number of fruits per plant, average pedicel, average fruit length, fruit yield per plant and average plant height) were found to be best in Set D where a consortium of Azotobacter sp and Enterobacter sps was used along with un-autoclaved effluent (RL). However, average girth and average fruit weight (fresh and dry weight) were maximum in Set B where Azotobacter and Bacillus megaterium were used for modifying RL. On analysis of biochemical attributes of chilli harvest, Vitamin A was found to be maximum in the case of Set A where RL (as such) was used as a biofertilizer, whereas, Vitamin C was found to be almost equal in Set A (167.79 mg/100gm) and Set D (167.30 mg/100gm). The Set C (Bacillus + Azotobacter) showed maximum capsaicinoid content (67,793.18 SHU). Thus the handmade paper industry effluents have been found to be suitable for their biofertilizer use in cultivation of chilli (Capsicum frutescence) plants.
Does impartial altruism incur costs in close relationships?
Authors: Amormino Paige , Kagel Adam , Li Joanna , Marsh Abigail 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Impartial altruism is often considered a moral ideal but is rare in practice. Instead, generosity typically decreases as social distance increases, a phenomenon termed social discounting. Most people prefer this partiality in their close relationships and view impartial altruists as poorer relationship partners. This suggests real-world impartial altruism may be rare because it reduces—or is perceived to reduce—the quality of close relationships. To investigate this, we compared patterns of generosity and social relationship quality in a rare sample of individuals who had engaged in extraordinary real-world impartial altruism (altruistic kidney donors; n = 59) and their closest friend or family member (n = 59) to demographically similar controls (n = 71) and their closest others (n = 71). We designed a novel direct test of third-party social discounting, which experimentally confirmed real-world altruists’ impartiality, finding that they are more likely than controls to split resources evenly between close and distant others rather than favoring close others. However, we found no relationship between impartial altruism and social relationship quality. Instead, we found that altruists’ close others also show more impartiality than controls. This suggests value homophily (shared moral values) among altruists, which may represent a protective factor for close relationships in the context of impartial altruism.
Case Report: Spontaneous regression of a left ambient cistern arachnoid cyst
Authors: Liao Hao Ting , Alexis Jeffrey , Issa Hana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Arachnoid cysts are benign lesions commonly found incidentally on neuroimaging and are often asymptomatic. Arachnoid cysts are recognized to typically remain stable and asymptomatic, occasionally enlarging and causing symptoms due to elevated intracranial pressure, and rarely reported to decrease in size. This case report details the spontaneous resolution of an arachnoid cyst in a 6-year-old which was initially identified on antenatal ultrasound as well as discussion of several proposed mechanisms for its spontaneous resolution. This case adds to the growing case-library of spontaneously resolving arachnoid cysts. The underlying mechanism of its resolution as well as potential clinical implications are also discussed.
Lipoplastic lymphadenopathy: a rare cause for generalized lymphadenopathy
Authors: Arafa Ramadan , Elbarkouky Ahmed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Lipoplastic lymphadenopathy (also called lipolymph) is a histopathological benign condition in which there is excess ectopic adipose tissue in the lymph node causing its enlargement. We present a 30-year-old man with no past medical history of note, admitted with pallor, easy bruises, and fatigue. He has iron deficiency anemia. He has also generalized lymphadenopathy. Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with IV contrast showed generalized low attenuation lymph nodes. Excisional biopsy was done to exclude hematological malignancy which was diagnosed as lipoplastic lymphadenopathy. He was managed with intravenous iron and packed red blood cell (PRBCs) transfusion and discharged in a stable condition.
Removal, mechanistic and kinetic studies of Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Pb(II) cations using Fe₃O₄ functionalized Schiff base chelating ligands
Authors: Nyamato George S. , Kabogo Ian T. , Maqinana Siphosethu , Bachmann Rene , Schmitz Markus , Ogunah Joanne , Kleist Wolfgang , Ojwach Stephen O. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The Schiff base chelating ligands; (E)-2-(3,3-dimethoxy-2-oxa-7,10-diaza-3-silaundec-10-en-11-yl)phenol(L1), (E)-N-(2-((pyridine-2ylmethylene)amino)ethyl)-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine (L2) and (E)-N-(2-((thiophen-2-ylmethylene)amino)ethyl)-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine (L3)were immobilized on Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and utilized in the extraction of Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Pb(II) metal cations from aqueous solutions. The compounds synthesized, denoted as L1@Fe₃O₄-L3@Fe₃O₄, were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM-SEM, VSM, and BET/BHJ techniques for analysis of functional groups, surface morphology, magnetic properties and degree of porosity of the adsorbents respectively. BET/BHJ technique confirmed the mesoporous nature of the compounds as their pore diameters ranged between 15-17 nm. The initial optimization conditions of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration and contact time on adsorption were studied using L1@Fe₃O₄. The optimum efficiencies recorded were 68% and 46% for Cr(VI) and Cd(II) respectively, obtained at pH 3, and a metal concentration of 20 ppm while an efficiency of 99% was recorded for Pb(II) cations at pH 7 and a metal concentration of 100 ppm. Compounds L2@Fe₃O₄ and L3@Fe₃O₄ were also used in the extraction of metal cations from aqueous solution and gave efficiencies of 22%, 56%, 78% for L2@Fe₃O₄ and 19%, 90%, 59% using L3@Fe₃O₄ for Cr(VI), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of L1@Fe₃O₄ for Cr(VI), Cd(II), and Pb(II) cations were obtained from the Langmuir isotherm as 32.84, 41.77, and 450.45 mg/g, respectively. The experimental data was analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich kinetic models. Both linear and non-linear forms of kinetic isotherms; Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin were utilized to investigate the nature of adsorption on L1@Fe₃O₄. The mechanistic studies deduced that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described the adsorption process with high correlation coefficient values (R²>0.98).
An Integrated Multi-omics Mendelian Randomization Identifies Predictive Transcription Gene Signature of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Lin , Chang Yuhao , Guo Yuhuai , Yang Guangze , Xie Wenjun , Zhu Min , Teng Jisi , Shen Jessie , Jia Wei , Chen Shaoqiu , Chen Tianlu , Deng Youping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Liver fibrosis is a critical deteriorating onset stage in NASH (Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) progression towards cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Currently, there is still a lack of non-invasive diagnostic markers for hepatic fibrosis. We conduct multiple public databases associated with Pathway, Network and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to identify transcribed genes potentially involved in liver fibrosis and assess their diagnostic efficiency applicable to multiple races.
Methods
We first leveraged the advanced capabilities of the MetaIntegrator package in R. Four discovery cohorts and four validation cohorts were searched for expression profiling that biopsy diagnosed NASH patients and then the results were validated in plasma samples of two Chinese cohorts. The resulting gene signature was then conducted by GO enrichment analysis and DisGeNET enrichment analysis. Network analysis were employed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. We then conducted MR analysis using data from IEU Open GWAS project (average N = 23,818), and GWAS Catalog (N = 8,299), the UK Biobank (N = 3,108) and FinnGen (average N = 373,007).
Results
Through the primary analysis of the eight cohorts and subsequent validation in Chinese cohorts, we identified a 25-gene signature that can predict NASH and liver fibrosis with a high accuracy (ROC ≥ 0.87). Pathway, network and MR analysis revealed 21 metabolites and 12 genes have causal associations with NASH/liver fibrosis. And eventually a 12-gene signature predictive (ROC ≥ 0.75) were validated as a valuable tool for distinguishing Chinese patients with liver fibrosis from those with normal NAFLD or NASH.
Conclusions
This study developed a 12-gene signature for predicting liver fibrosis, demonstrating the utility of an integrated an integrated genome-metabolome-Mendelian Randomization approach for predicting disease progression across various databases.
Comparing the JOMO (Joy of Missing Out) experiences through age and gender perspectives
Authors: Kaswa Arpita , Kolapkar Rudrani 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This correlational study examines the phenomenon of the Joy of Missing Out (JOMO) in relation to age and gender perspectives. The research aims to understand how individuals experience JOMO, characterized by finding fulfillment in disconnecting from social activities and digital distractions. A group of 87 participants, spanning two age groups (15–25 and 35–45) and both genders, completed the JOMO Scale questionnaire. The findings indicate a significant difference in JOMO experience between the age groups, with older individuals (35–45) reporting higher levels of JOMO compared to younger individuals (15–25). However, gender did not significantly influence JOMO experience, suggesting that both males and females exhibit similar tendencies to embrace JOMO. These results highlight the importance of considering age-related differences in JOMO experience and suggest potential interventions to promote well-being across different demographic groups. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors shaping individuals' experiences of JOMO.
Statistical analysis and optimization for direct dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas over CuO–ZnO–Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 bifunctional catalysts
Authors: Einbeigi Amin , Khorashadizadeh Mahdi , Atashi Hossein 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether has been statistically analyzed in terms of product distribution and the effect of operating conditions. The investigated catalyst system consists of a combination of methanol synthesis (CuO–ZnO–Al2O3) and methanol dehydration (γ-Al2O3). The range of operating conditions varied as: T = 200–260 0C, H2/CO = 0.67-2 and SV (Space Velocity) = 41.74-292.68 h− 1 at P = 5.1 MPa. Using data obtained from a fixed bed microreactor, the product selectivity models were developed as functions of the above parameters via response surface methodology. The models were efficiently adjusted to avoid overfitting by considering cross-validation. The effects are shown via 3D diagrams. Single and multi-objective optimizations were then employed to maximize the production of DME and CO conversion and minimize the production of methanol, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide. Numerical optimization was performed through desirability charge ranging from zero to one where the highest desirability satisfies optimum conditions. Accordingly, an optimum area was obtained in which a variety of different points can be acceptable. Single-objective optimization provides a vaster area while multi-objective limits the feasible process conditions range.