bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Killer Cell Functions and Subsets After In Vitro Stimulation with IL‐2 and IL‐12, with Special Emphasis on Intracellular IFN‐γ and NK‐Cell Cytotoxicity
Authors: Nyboe R. , Rix T. , Krog J. , Tønnesen E. , Hokland M. 
Published: August 2010

Materials and methods:  Isolated cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with IL‐2 and IL‐12. This stimulation has previously been shown to activate NK cells. Cell cytotoxicity was measured by flow cytometry after incubation with k562 cells. This method was compared to the current standard 51Cr release assay. Cells were treated with BFA to accumulate IFN‐γ, stained for surface markers, permeabilized and stained for intracellular IFN‐γ. Flow cytometry was then performed to measure intracellular IFN‐γ production in PBMC, especially in NK cells.Results:  We have demonstrated that stimulation with IL‐2 and IL‐12 is effective in increasing the number of IFN‐γ‐positive cells. There is a distinct difference between the CD3‐CD56dim and the CD3‐CD56bright subsets, with a much greater proportion of IFN‐γ‐positive cells in the CD3‐CD56bright subset. The effects of stimulation with IL‐2 and IL‐12 on cytotoxicity will be presented, as will the relation between IFN‐γ production and cytotoxicity. In addition, we will present results of these assays applied to porcine cells.Discussion:  In combination, these tests will address NK cell function by combining cytotoxicity with IFN‐γ production in NK cell subsets. The results will demonstrate whether this could serve as a useful tool in describing NK‐cell function, which could be of value in clinical and experimental settings.
De la pathogénie de certaines formes d'insuffisance surrénale chronique et secondaire.
Authors: BARKMAN ÅKE 
Published: August 2010

Résumé.

Chez une patienle atteinte de maladie d'Addison on rencontrait des signes cliniques de néphrite s'accompagnant cl'une pression sanguine élevée, laquelle s'abaissa plus lard en même temps gu'apparaissaient les divers symptômes caractéristiques de la maladie d'Addison.
Dans quatre autres cas de la même maladie on découvrit dans les reins des altérations d'une nature telle qu'on était en droit de supposer qu'une pression sanguine élevée existait antérieurement à la date où ces patients furent soumis à l'observation clinique. Dans l'un de ces cas (Obs. IV) pareille supposition est des plus vraisemblables.
Il ressort des recherches de Wiesel que certaines néphrites accompagnées d'hypertrophie cardiaque et de pression sanguine élevée évoluent avec une hyperplasie du système chromaffine (y compris la substance médullaire des capsules surrénales).
L'hypothèse suivante concernant la, pathogénie de la maladie (d'Addison peut étre considerée comme fondée: L'hyperplasie du systàme chromaffine accompagnant certaines lésions chronigues des reins (pa des vaisseaux) peut réaliser un locus minor is resistantice du côté des capsules surrénales par rapport aux bacilles tuberculeux circulant dans le sang.
Zur atypischen Amyloidose mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Herzens.
Authors: SOISALO P. , RITAMA V. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Es wurde das klinische und pathologisch‐anatomische Bild eines Falles von atypischer Amyloidose mitgeteilt. Die hauptsächliche Lokalisation des Amyloids fand ausser in den parenchymatösen Organen in den Wänden der kleinen Blutgefässe statt. Die Amyloidentartung der Gefässe des Herzens hatte eine Koronarinsuffizienz und dadurch einen schweren Herzfehler zur Folge, der ein Elektrokardiogramm mit sehr kleinen Ausschlägen in allen Ableitungen und Senkung des Zwischenstückes in Abl I und I I verursachte. Ausserdem fanden Amyloidablagerungen im Peri‐ und Endocard sowie im Bindegewebe des Myocards statt. Die Muscularis mucosae des Dünndarmes war gänzlich amyloiddegeneriert.— Weder durch die klinische noch durch die pathologisch‐anatomische Untersuchung war eine ätiologische Krankheit der Amyloidose festzustellen.
PHYSICAL WORK CAPACITY AND STATIC LUNG VOLUMES IN ELDERLY PEOPLE
Authors: Ericsson Per , Irnell Lars 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Results of determinations of lung volumes and physical work capacity in apparently healthy individuals of ages 57–71 years are reported. Function parameters for physical work capacity are correlated to certain lung volumes and parameters constituting measures of ventilatory capacity. The series would appear to fulfil, to a reasonable degree, the requirement of being representative of the population within the age range concerned, which does not seem to have been taken into account to the same extent in previous investigations. In this study, as in previous investigations, it is found that the maximal achievement capacity for circulation‐limited work (Wmax) decreased with increasing age, but in addition, our study, in contrast to previous investigations, indicates a decrease in submaximal indirect measures of physical work capacity (W170, W150, W130) with increasing age. This should mean that the reduction in physical work capacity with increasing age is not only due to a decrease in the maximal heart rate (HRmax), but that other factors are also of importance. It is probable that a reduced degree of physical training plays an important role in this respect.No strong correlations are found either between lung volumes and physical work capacity or between ventilation capacity and physical work capacity. In this respect our results differ from the results of previously published studies on younger persons. The hypothesis is considered that the regression of physiological function with increasing age may have different time courses for the respiratory and the circulatory systems.
Kinetics of Propylthiouracil in the Elderly
Authors: Kampmann Jens P. , Mortensen Henrik B. , Bach Bodil , Waldorff Stig , Kristensen Mogens B. , Hansen Jens Mølholm 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT The pharmakokinetics of propylthiouracil was evaluated in 9 elderly patients and compared to previous results from 6 younger subjects. By giving the drug both by the intravenous and oral route of administration it was possible to estimate the rate and extent of bioavailability. The various kinetic parameters were calculated according to a two‐compartment model by use of two different methods: a graphical hand drawn one and by a special developed computer program based on a least squares minimalisation.While no significant differences could be demonstrated between the two age groups concerning volumes of distribution, clearance and extent of absorption, a large difference was found with regard to the absorption rate constant ka, which was about 3 times higher in the younger than in the elderly subjects, presumably due a reduced gastric emptying time. Considering the comparison between the two methods of calculations all the kinetics parameters were similar except ka, and the slow disposition rate constant β which were underestimated by the graphical method.It is concluded that no age‐dependent changes exist concerning the kinetics of propylthiouracil except for a decreased rate of absorption. Graphical methods in pharmacokinetics are useful in obtaining distribution and elimination data but seem often biased for the evaluation of absorption rate constants.
EFFECT OF INCREASES IN AFTERLOAD ON THE SYSTOLIC THICKENING OF ACUTELY ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIUM. AN EXPERIMENTAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: KERBER R.E. , MARCUS M.E. , EHRHARDT J. , ABBOUD F.M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTChanges in arterial blood pressure have been shown to alter epicardial ST segment elevations, and have been advocated to minimize infarct size and “salvage” ischemic myocardium. The effect of such changes on the regional function of ischemic myocardium has not been established. To investigate this, we studied the effect of increased afterload on the systolic wall thickening and myocardial perfusion of ischemic ventricular myocardium. In 20 open‐chest dogs, an echocardiographic transducer was fixed to the exposed right ventricle and directed to record the motion of the left ventricular posterior wall. Posterior ischemia was created by occlusion of the circumflex coronary, so that the ultrasound beam registered the motion of acutely ischemic myocardium. The ratio of end‐systolic to end‐diastolic posterior wall thickness (PTs/PTd) was greater than 1 (i.e. systolic thickening) before, and less than 1 (systolic thinning) after, posterior ischemia. Mean arterial pressure was then increased by infusion of methoxamine (Mx) or norepinephrine (NE) or by aortic constriction (CN). PTs/PTd improved from 0.89± 0.03 to 1.10± 0.06 (p<0.05) with CN. Perfusion of the ischemic areas, assessed with 8μ radioactive labled microspheres, showed a corresponding improvement; with MX ischemic myocardial perfusion improved from 32.4±6.2 to 59.6±13.8 ml/100g/min (p<05) and with CN perfusion rose from 30.2±9.3 to 43.8±10.3 ml/100g/min (p<0.5). Thus, increase in afterload improved both the perfusion and regional function of acutely ischemic myocardium.
PITUITARY FUNCTION DURING X—RAY TREATMENT OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC—PITUITARY REGION AS EVALUATED BY THE TRH TEST RESPONSE
Authors: Halse J. , Larsen I. Frøyshov , Rootwelt K. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe effect of conventional radiotherapy on the TRH response was studied in fourteen patients, all but one previously surgically treated for pituitary tumors.No change in the TSH response to TRH could be observed either during or after a four week treatment period, thus demonstrating a relative resistance of the pituitary gland against irradiation in these patients. We also conclude that the diagnostic value of the TRH test remains unhampered during and in the immediate period after irradiation.
Importance of Potassium in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Solomon Richard J. , Cole Alan G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe records of 151 patients entering a coronary care unit and subsequently diagnosed as having an acute myocardial infarction were reviewed. The prevalence of hypokalemia, its relationship to diuretic treatment and the development of either ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation were studied.At admission, 14 % of patients were hypokalemic. The presence of hypokalemia was related to previous diuretic therapy. Twenty‐three percent of patients receiving diuretics as compared to 7 % of patients not taking diuretics had a serum potassium of 3.5 mEq/L or less.Thirty‐seven patients experienced either ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The presence of hypokalemia was associated with an increased frequency of both of these arrhythmias. Sixty‐seven percent of patients with a serum potassium of less than 3.1 mEq/L had these serious ventricular arrhythmias compared to 40% of patients with a serum potassium between 3.1 and 3.5 mEq/L and 20 % of normokalemic patients. The prevalence of premature ventricular beats was not correlated with the presence of hypokalemia.We conclude that hypokalemia is not only a common problem in patients with acute myocardial infarction but a clinically significant factor in the development of life threatening arrhythmias. Primary prevention of hypokalemia and its prompt treatment are indicated in these patients.
TREATMENT OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE DURING 24 HOURS, FOLLOWED BY ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE
Authors: Durrer Joseph D. , Lie K.I. , van Capelle F.J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn a controlled randomized study of 328 consecutive patients admitted within 24 hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction, 163 patients received a sodium nitroprusside infusion during 24 hours, followed by six times a day 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate for seven days and 165 patients received a glucose 5% infusion. Excluded from the study were patients with either pulmonary edema and/or cardiogenic shock, two or more previous myocardial infarctions or a systolic bloodpressure of less than 95 mmHg just before entering the study.Sodium nitroprusside was titrated in such a way that systolic bloodpressure was kept between 95 and 105 mmHg.Standard medical treatment for both groups was the same.CK‐MB was sampled every four hours until peak value was reached.Endpoint of the study was a significant reduction in mortality within a week after starting treatment.
The »Stockholm Stressone» and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Kagan Aubrey 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. A model is presented which links social change, stress and disease as a series of interacting variables. The mechanisms underlying Cannon and Selye stress are discussed and it is suggested that neither response properly meets the coping needs induced by current stressful experiences.Evidence from this Symposium and elsewhere suggests that coronary heart disease (CHD) has psychosocial stress as one of its major predisposing factors. Two key hypotheses are developed: that all psychosocial stresses may be reduced to a small number of categories, and that pathology arises when the stress responses are inappropriate to the problem in hand. Both of these hypotheses, if validated, could have practical value in assessing an individual's risk of contracting stress induced disease, and in demonstrating at a very early stage whether interventions were improving the situation or making it worse.
Variation of serum lipoproteins in postmyocardial infarction patients treated with verapamil or placebo.
Authors: Strunge Poul , Engby Birger , Schmidt Erling , Trostmann Aage F. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe effect of verapamil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins was studied in 64 patients taking part in a double blind controlled trial of verapamil versus placebo in post myocardial infarction. During a six month treatment period no significant difference was seen in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins or low density lipoproteins.
Combined Therapy with Ca‐Antagonists and Beta‐Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agents in Chronic Stable Angina
Authors: Lessem Jan 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThere have been conflicting reports on the safety of combining betaadrenergic receptor blockers and Ca++ ‐antagonists, especially verapamil, in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Warnings have been raised against additive negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of simultaneous administration of verapamil, 360 mg daily, and atenolol, 100 mg daily, with that of either drug alone. Eighteen patients (mean age 58 years) with chronic stable angina were included in the study. After a two‐week run‐in period, the patients received either drug alone for six weeks and were then given the combination for another six weeks. Frequent ECG and blood pressure measurements were performed. Radionuclide evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction was done before and at the end of the combined therapy. Exercise testing using a bicycle ergometer was performed during each treatment period.Only one patient developed sinus bradycardia when on combined therapy (48 bpm). The P‐Q time increased with single drug therapy as well as with the combination (p < 0.01). Maximal exercise time increased more with the combination than with single drug therapy. No serious adverse hemodynamic effects were recorded. LVEF increased by 4.6% (p < 0.01) with the combined therapy. A decrease in nitroglycerine consumption occurred, beeing most pronounced with the combined therapy and corresponding to a subjective improvement.It is concluded that an additive negative chronotropism occured but that the combination is safe and offers an effective therapeutic alternative in chronic stable angina.
The pituitary‐thyroid axis set point in women is uninfluenced by X chromosome inactivation pattern? A twin study
Authors: Brix Thomas H. , Hansen Pia S. , Kyvik Kirsten O. , Hegedüs Laszlo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective  The pituitary‐thyroid axis (PTA) set point is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, despite considerable efforts to characterize the background, the causative genes as well as environmental factors are not well established. Theoretically, as shown for autoimmune thyroid disease, the pattern of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) could offer a novel explanation for the observed variability of the PTA set point in women.Design and Patients  To examine the impact of XCI pattern on the PTA set point, we studied whether within‐cohort (n = 318 subjects) and within–twin pair (n = 159 pairs) differences in XCI are correlated with serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4).Methods  X chromosome inactivation was determined by PCR analysis of a polymorphic CAG repeat in the first exon of the androgen receptor gene. Thyroid variables were measured using a solid‐phase time‐resolved fluoroimmunometric assay. Zygosity was established by DNA fingerprinting.Results  In the overall study population (within cohort), no significant correlations were found between TSH [regression coefficient (β) = −0·28 (95% confidence intervals, −0·66 to 0·11), P = 0·158], FT3 [β = −0·25 (−0·85 to 0·34), P = 0·403], FT4 [β = 0·08 (−0·91 to 1·07), P = 0·876] and XCI pattern. Essentially similar results were found in the within‐pair analysis. Controlling for confounders such as age, body mass index, smoking and zygosity did not change the findings.Conclusions  In a sample of female twins, we found no evidence of a relationship between XCI pattern and PTA set point.
Novel TSHR mutations in consanguineous families with congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism
Authors: Cangul Hakan , Morgan Neil V. , Forman Julia R. , Saglam Halil , Aycan Zehra , Yakut Tahsin , Gulten Tuna , Tarim Omer , Bober Ece , Cesur Yasar , Kirby Gail A. , Pasha Shanaz , Karkucak Mutlu , Eren Erdal , Cetinkaya Semra , Bas Veysel , Demir Korcan , Yuca Sevil A. , Meyer Esther , Kendall Michaela , Hogler Wolfgang , Barrett Timothy G. , Maher Eamonn R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryObjective  Nonsyndromic autosomal recessively inherited nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism (CHNG) can be caused by mutations in TSHR, PAX8, TSHB and NKX2‐5. We aimed to investigate mutational frequencies of these genes and genotype/phenotype correlations in consanguineous families with CHNG.Design  Because consanguinity in individuals with a presumptive genetic condition is often an indicator of an autosomal recessive inheritance and allows firmer correlations to be established between genotype and phenotype, we planned to execute our study in consanguineous families.Patients  Hundred and thirty‐nine children with CHNG phenotype born to consanguineous families.Measurements  First, we investigated cases for evidence of linkage to the four known CHNG genes by microsatellite marker analysis. Mutation analysis by direct sequencing was then performed in those cases in whom linkage to the relevant candidate gene could not be excluded. In addition, in silico analysis of the predicted structural effects of TSHR mutations was performed and related to the mutation‐specific disease phenotype.Results  Homozygous germline TSHR mutations were detected in six families (5%), but no mutations were detected in PAX8, TSHB and NKX2‐5. Four of TSHR mutations had not previously been described. Genotype–phenotype correlations were established and found to be related to the predicted structural effects of the mutations.Conclusions  Known causative genes account for the development of CHNG only in a minority of cases, and our cohort should provide a powerful resource to identify novel causative genes and to delineate the extent of locus heterogeneity in autosomal recessively inherited CHNG.
Five‐year longitudinal study of adolescents with intact and restored dentitions: signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and functional recordings
Authors: KAMPE T. , HANNERZ H. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySigns and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and functional recordings were re‐examined in subjects, 19–21 years of age, 5 years after the first examination. Thirty‐seven subjects had restored dentitions at both examinations (group F), 13 subjects with previously intact dentitions had had fillings in their teeth during the follow‐up period (group FI), and 14 subjects had intact dentitions at both examinations (group I).In agreement with the first examination, the subjects with restored dentitions had a higher degree and frequency of TMD than the subjects with intact teeth. Most of the symptoms were mild, but more severe symptoms were reported by the subjects in group F, and female subjects in group F had more signs than male subjects. The subjects who had received fillings during the follow‐up period (group FI) constituted a group intermediate between group F and group I with regard to signs and symptoms of TMD. Frequent parafunction and more attrition were more common in group F. Together with the finding of increased muscle tenderness, this indicates more functional activity in restored dentitions. Correlation analysis did not reveal any relationship between occlusal factors and TMD.The findings of this study are consistent with those of the earlier investigation. Dental filling therapy appears to be an aetiological factor in TMD worthy of more consideration and more extensive research.
Evaluation of the level of residual monomer in acrylic denture base materials having different polymerization properties
Authors: KALIPÇILAR B. , KARAAGAÇLIOGLU L. , HASANREISOGLU U. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the level of residual monomer in acrylic denture base materials having different polymerization properties. The investigation included a conventional‐type acrylic cured under heat and pressure, as well as a pour‐type resin polymerized by an injection‐moulding technique at room temperature and under pressure. It was found that the residual monomer content ranged from 0·22–0·54% in pour‐type resin, and from 0·23–0·52% in routinely used resins when the specimens were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. These findings revealed that there were no significant differences between the two types of acrylic in terms of their residual monomer content.
Tooth contact patterns in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction
Authors: YAMASHITA S. , AI M. , MIZUTANI H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe occlusal tooth contact patterns in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction and normal subjects were studied under a range of conditions using a newly devised radiotelemetry system. The patterns in the patient group were completely different from those in the control group. During rest or work, the patients showed higher values for total number and time of tooth contacts, as well as several contacts of extended duration. Moreover, many of the tooth contacts during swallowing were plural contacts in the patient group. These results suggest that patients with temporomandibular dysfunction exhibit increased tonus of jaw‐closing muscles, which is probably due to occlusal disharmonies and psychological stress.