bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of early anti‐social behaviour among men with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder in a specialist forensic psychiatry hospital unit in Denmark
Authors: Pedersen Liselotte , Rasmussen Kirsten , Elsass Peter , Hougaard Helle 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground People with a major mental disorder are at increased risk of committing crimes, especially violent crimes, compared with the general population. Sub‐groups have been identified based on age of onset of anti‐social or violent behaviour. Mentally disordered offenders with early onset anti‐social behaviour tend to have a lifelong pattern of it, but in a clinical setting, are they easily identifiable as a distinct sub‐group?Aims Our main aim was to establish whether distinct groups of early and later onset offenders can be identified from the standard clinical record of men with schizophrenia spectrum disorders selected for hospital treatment after conviction for a serious crime, and to test the hypothesis that even in such a clinically selected group, early onset offending would be associated with subsequent persistent and versatile offending.Methods A retrospective case file review of all 83 men with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder in a complete 2‐year discharge cohort from one specialist secure forensic hospital unit (2001–2002).Results A sub‐group of patients with early onset anti‐social behaviour was confirmed. Prior to this specialist hospitalisation, this group had sustained significantly more criminal convictions and were more criminally versatile than their late onset peers.Conclusions The recognition of clinically meaningful sub‐groups among hospitalised offender patients seems straightforward, and may be useful in the development of more specifically focused intervention and in making sense of more longer‐term outcomes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methodological innovations for teaching chemistry – a neglected field in higher education?
Authors: Eilks Ingo , Bäumer Marcus , Byers Bill 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMit dem derzeitigen Wandel der Hochschullandschaft Europas sind neben Studienstrukturen, Curricula und Zielen auch die Unterrichtsmethoden der Hochschullehre neu zu hinterfragen. In diesem Rahmen war es Ziel des Projekts „Innovative Methods in University Chemistry Education“ des European Chemistry Thematic Network (ECTN‐4), mögliche Felder für methodische Innovationen in der Hochschullehre Chemie zu analysieren und Beispiele guter Praxis zu identifizieren. Es wird eine Legitimation für die Notwendigkeit von Veränderungen gegeben, aus der zehn mögliche Handlungsfelder abgeleitet werden.
Improved 2,4‐Diarylthiazole‐Based Antiprion Agents: Switching the Sense of the Amide Group at C5 Leads to an Increase in Potency
Authors: Thompson Mark J. , Louth Jennifer C. , Greenwood Gemma K. , Sorrell Fiona J. , Knight Sandra G. , Adams Nathan B. P. , Chen Beining 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAmide derivatives of 2,4‐diarylthiazole‐5‐carboxylic acids were synthesised and tested for efficacy in a cell line model of prion disease. A number of compounds demonstrating antiprion activity were thereby identified from the screening libraries, showing improved potency and reproducibility of results relative to amide derivatives of the related 2,4‐diphenyl‐5‐aminothiazole, which have been documented previously. Thus, 'switching' the sense of the amide bond at thiazole C5 revealed a more promising lead series of potential prion disease therapeutics. Furthermore, 3,5‐diaryl‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles isolated as by‐products during library synthesis provided a handful of additional examples possessing an antiprion effect, thereby augmenting the set of newly identified active compounds. Evaluation of binding to cellular prion protein (PrPC) showed only weak affinities at best, suggesting that the newly identified antiprion agents do not mediate their biological effect through direct interaction with PrPC.
Probing the Reactivity of ZnO and Au/ZnO Nanoparticles by Methanol Adsorption: A TPD and DRIFTS Study
Authors: Kähler Kevin , Holz Marie Christine , Rohe Markus , Strunk Jennifer , Muhler Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe adsorption of methanol on pure ZnO and Au‐decorated ZnO nanoparticles and its thermal decomposition monitored by temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) experiments and by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), both applied under continuous flow conditions in fixed bed reactors, is reported. Two distinguishable methoxy species are formed during methanol adsorption on ZnO differing in the CO stretching bands. During the subsequent TPD experiments two different H2 peaks are observed, indicating the conversion of methoxy into formate species. By applying different heating rates, activation energies of 109 kJ mol−1 and 127 kJmol−1 for the selective oxidation of the two methoxy species are derived. Correspondingly, the methoxy decomposition results in two distinguishable formate species, which are identified by the asymmetric and symmetric OCO stretching bands on pure ZnO and Au/ZnO. Based on the decreased intensities of the OH bands during methanol adsorption, which are specific for the various ZnO single crystal surfaces, on the different reactivities of these surfaces, and on the formate FTIR bands observed on ZnO single crystal surfaces, the two methoxy and the corresponding formate species are identified to be adsorbed on the exposed less reactive non‐polar ZnO(${10\bar 10}$) surface and on the highly reactive polar ZnO(${000\bar 1}$) surface. The simultaneous formation of H2, CO, and CO2 at about 550–600 K during the TPD experiments indicate the decomposition of adsorbed formate species. The CO/CO2 ratio decreases with increasing Au loading, and a broad band due to electronic transitions from donor sites to the conduction band is observed in the DRIFT spectra for the Au‐decorated ZnO nanoparticles. Thus, the presence of the Au nanoparticles results in an enhanced reducibility of ZnO facilitating the generation of oxygen vacancies.
Exploring weight gain in year before treatment for binge eating disorder: A different context for interpreting limited weight losses in treatment studies
Authors: Blomquist Kerstin K. , Barnes Rachel D. , White Marney A. , Masheb Robin M. , Morgan Peter T. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:To examine weight changes in obese patients with binge‐eating disorder (BED) during the year before seeking treatment and to explore correlates of weight changes.Method:Seventy‐eight consecutive, treatment‐seeking, obese BED patients were assessed with structured interviews and self‐report questionnaires.Results:Overall, participants reported a mean weight gain of 15.1 pounds during the 12 months before treatment. This overall weight gain comprised remarkable heterogeneity, ranging from a 30‐pound loss to a 53‐pound gain. The subgroup of participants who reported gaining weight (76% of sample) reported gaining an average of 22.2 pounds during the 12 months before treatment. Weight change was associated with significantly more frequent binge eating and overeating during breakfasts.Discussion:Treatment‐seeking obese patients with BED reported having gained substantial amounts of weight during the previous year. These findings provide an important context for interpreting the modest weight losses typically reported by treatment studies of BED. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2011
Evidence‐based policy or policy‐based evidence gathering? Biofuels, the EU and the 10% target
Authors: Sharman Amelia , Holmes John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe 2009 Renewable Energy Directive mandates EU member‐states' road transport fuel to comprise a minimum of 10% renewable content by 2020. This target is expected to be met predominantly from biofuels. However, scientific evidence is increasingly questioning the ability of biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions when factors such as indirect land‐use change are taken into consideration. This paper interrogates the 10% target, critically assessing its political motivations, use of scientific evidence and the actions of an individual policy entrepreneur who played a central role in its adoption. We find that the commitment of EU decision‐making bodies to internal guidelines on the use of expertise and the precautionary principle was questionable, despite the scientific uncertainty inherent in the biofuels debate. Imperatives located in the political space dominated scientific evidence and led to a process of ‘policy‐based evidence gathering’ to justify the policy choice of a 10% renewable energy/biofuels target. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Synthesis and Characterization of [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Models with Bridging Moieties Containing (S, Se) and (S, Te)
Authors: Harb Mohammad K. , Görls Helmar , Sakamoto Taka , Felton Greg A. N. , Evans Dennis H. , Glass Richard S. , Lichtenberger Dennis L. , El‐khateeb Mohammad , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: July 2010

Abstract[FeFe]‐hydrogenase‐active‐site models containing larger chalcogens such as Se or Te have exhibited greater electron richness at the metal centers and smaller gas‐phase ionization energies and reorganization energies relative to molecules containing S atoms. Diiron complexes related to the much‐studied molecule [Fe2(μ‐SC3H6S)(CO)6] (1) have been prepared with one S atom replaced either by one Se atom to give [Fe2(μ‐SC3H6Se)(CO)6] (2) or by one Te atom to give [Fe2(μ‐SC3H6Te)(CO)6] (3). The molecules have been characterized by use of mass spectrometry and 13C{1H} NMR, 77Se{1H} NMR, IR, and photoelectron spectroscopic techniques along with structure determination with single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, electrochemical measurements, and DFT calculations. He I photoelectron spectra and DFT computations of 2 and 3 show a lowering of ionization energies relative to those of the all‐sulfur complex 1, indicating increased electron richness at the metal centers that favors electrocatalytic reduction of protons from weak acids to produce H2. However, chalcogen substitution from S to Se or Te also causes an increase in the Fe–Fe bond length, which disfavors the formation of a carbonyl‐bridged “rotated” structure, as also shown by the photoelectron spectra and computations. This “rotated” structure is believed to be important in the mechanism of H2 production. As a consequence of the competing influences of increased electron richness at the metals with less favorable “rotated” structures, the catalytic efficiency of the Se and Te molecules 2 and 3 is found to be comparable to that of molecule 1.
Enantioselective Synthesis, Configurational Stability, and Reactivity of Lithium α‐tert‐Butylsulfonyl Carbanion Salts
Authors: Scholz Roland , Hellmann Gunther , Rohs Susanne , Özdemir Diana , Raabe Gerhard , Vermeeren Cornelia , Gais Hans‐Joachim 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reactions of enantiopure S‐tert‐butyl sulfones of the type R1CH(R2)SO2tBu (≥99 % ee) with lithiumorganyl compounds gave the corresponding chiral α‐sulfonyl carbanion salts [R1C(R2)SO2tBu]Li with ≥94 % ee. The enantioselectivity of the deprotonation of the phenyl‐ but not dialkyl‐substituted sulfones is strongly dependent on the nature of the lithiumorganyl. Because of this observation and the strong decrease in enantioselectivity in the presence of TMEDA and HMPA, we propose an intramolecular proton transfer following complexation of the sulfone by RLi. Racemization of [R1C(R2)SO2tBu]Li follows first‐order kinetics and seems to be mainly an enthalpic process with a small negative activation entropy, as revealed by polarimetric measurements at low temperatures. This is in accordance with Cα–S bond rotation as the rate‐determining step. The salts [R1C(R2)SO2tBu]Li have half‐lives of racemization in the order of several hours at –105 °C. The deuteriation of the salts at –105 °C with CF3CO2D proceeded with enantioselectivities of ≥94 % ee, the magnitude of which was not significantly affected by the presence of TMEDA and HMPA. The salts also reacted with carbon‐based electrophiles at low temperatures with high enantioselectivity. The conversion of R1CH(R2)SO2tBu via [R1C(R2)SO2tBu]Li to R1C(R2,E)SO2tBu, which involves the loss of stereogenicity at the α‐stereogenic center and its re‐establishment upon reaction of the chiral carbanion with electrophiles, occurred with high overall enantioselectivity. Electrophiles attack the anionic C atom of [R1C(R2)SO2tBu]Li with high selectivity on the side syn to the O atoms and anti to the tert‐butyl group. The reactivity of the dialkyl‐substituted salts [R1C(R2)SO2tBu]Li (R1, R2 = alkyl) is significantly higher than that of the benzylic salts [RC(Ph)SO2tBu]Li (R = alkyl) and the HMPA‐coordinated SIPs of [MeC(Ph)SO2tBu]Li are significantly more reactive towards EtI than the corresponding O–Li contact ion pairs.
Recent Progress in the Chemically Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyanohydrins
Authors: Wang Wentao , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe catalytic enantioselective cyanation of aldehydes and ketones has received growing attention because the resulting enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins are versatile building blocks for many biologically active compounds. To date, both metal‐based and organic catalysts have been successfully developed to promote these reactions enantioselectively. Great advances have been made in the catalytic enantioselective addition of various cyanide sources to carbonyl compounds. In this microreview, recent progress, including substrate scope and limitations, and probable reaction mechanisms are discussed. In addition, the application of this methodology to the synthesis of natural products is also presented briefly where appropriate.
Multicomponent Reactions of Furan‐2,3‐diones: Synthesis and Characterizations of Furo[3,2‐c]pyran‐4‐ones
Authors: Koca İrfan , Yıldırım İsmail , Şahin Ertan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFuro[3,2‐c]pyran‐4‐ones, which possess a natural‐product skeleton, are synthesizedviaa simple, one‐pot, three‐component reaction of furan‐2,3‐diones with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and Ph3P.
One‐Pot, Pseudo‐Five‐Component Synthesis of Bis[2‐(arylimino)‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones]
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Noaparast Zohreh , Sabahno Hamideh , Zohreh Nasrin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of bis[2‐(arylimino)‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones] are described. The one‐pot, pseudo‐five‐component reaction of an aliphatic diamine, isothiocyanatobenzene, and dialkyl but‐2‐ynedioate at room temperature in anhydrous CH2Cl2 gives the title compound in relatively high yield. Under the same conditions, aromatic 1,2‐diamines yield 2‐(arylimino)‐N‐(enaminoaryl)‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones in a pseudo‐four‐component reaction. Their structures were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this type of cyclization is proposed (Scheme 3).
Total Synthesis of Nonenolide
Authors: Meshram Harshadas Mitaram , Kumar Dachepally Aravind , Ramesh Palakuri 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel synthetic route has been reported for the synthesis of nonenolide. The syntheses of fragments were initiated from commercially available and inexpensive starting materials. The synthesis involves key steps like Sharpless epoxidation, Jacobsen's resolution, lactonization, and cross‐metathesis.
In‐ and Out‐of‐Cavity Interactions by Modulating the Size of Ruthenium Metallarectangles
Authors: Barry Nicolas P. E. , Furrer Julien , Therrien Bruno 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCationic (arene)ruthenium‐based tetranuclear complexes of the general formula [Ru4(η6‐p‐cymene)4(μ‐N∩N)2(μ‐OO∩OO)2]4+ were obtained from the dinuclear (arene)ruthenium complexes [Ru2(η6‐p‐cymene)2(μ‐OO∩OO)2Cl2] (p‐cymene=1‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylethyl)benzene, OO∩OO=5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinonato(2−), 9,10‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐anthraquinonato(2−), or 6,11‐dihydroxynaphthacene‐5,12‐dionato(2−)) by reaction with pyrazine or bipyridine linkers (N∩N=pyrazine, 4,4′‐bipyridine, 4,4′‐[(1E)‐ethene‐1,2‐diyl]bis[pyridine]) in the presence of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3Ag) (Scheme). All complexes 4–12 were isolated in good yield as CF3SO$\rm{{_{3}^{-}}}$ salts, and characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. The host–guest properties of the metallarectangles incorporating 4,4′‐bipyridine and (4,4′‐[(1E)‐ethene‐1,2‐diyl]bis[pyridine] linkers were studied in solution by means of multiple NMR experiments (1D, ROESY, and DOSY). The largest metallarectangles 10–12 incorporating (4,4′‐[(1E)‐ethene‐1,2‐diyl]bis[pyridine] linkers are able to host an anthracene, pyrene, perylene, or coronene molecule in their cavity, while the medium‐size metallarectangles 7–9 incorporating 4,4′‐bipyridine linkers are only able to encapsulate anthracene. However, out‐of‐cavity interactions are observed between these 4,4′‐bipyridine‐containing rectangles and pyrene, perylene, or coronene. In contrast, the small pyrazine‐containing metallarectangles 4–6 show no interaction in solution with this series of planar aromatic molecules.
LACE‐conditioned autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: treatment outcome and risk factor analysis from a single centre
Authors: Pavlů Jiří , Auner Holger W. , Ellis Sarah , Szydlo Richard M. , Giles Chrissy , Contento Alejandro , Rahemtulla Amin , Apperley Jane F. , Naresh Kikkeri , MacDonald Donald H. , Kanfer Edward J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHigh‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a recognized treatment option for patients with relapsed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. We have analysed 51 patients who underwent ASCT after LACE (lomustine (CCNU), cytarabine (Ara‐C), cyclophosphamide, etoposide) conditioning for relapsed (n = 34, 67%) or primary refractory (n = 17, 33%) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. With a median follow‐up of 60 months (range 2–216) the probabilities of overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) at 5 years were 47 and 42%, respectively. The cumulative treatment‐related mortality was 10% (n = 5). Probabilities for OS and PFS at 5 years were 56 and 50% for patients with chemosensitive and 29 and 27% for patients with chemorefractory disease. In multivariate analysis abnormal pre‐ASCT levels of C‐reactive protein (>5 mg/L) were identified as a risk factor for worse OS, whereas abnormal pre‐ASCT levels of C‐reactive protein and chemoresistance predicted inferior PFS. LACE followed by ASCT is an effective treatment for approximately half of patients with chemosensitive relapsed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, and a proportion of chemorefractory patients also benefit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel mucosal orthotopic murine model of human papillomavirus‐associated genital cancers
Authors: Decrausaz Loane , Gonçalves Ana‐Rita , Domingos‐Pereira Sonia , Pythoud Christelle , Stehle Jean‐Christophe , Schiller John , Jichlinski Patrice , Nardelli‐Haefliger Denise 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCervical cancer results from infection with high‐risk type human papillomaviruses (HPV). Therapeutic vaccines aiming at controlling existing genital HPV infections and associated lesions are usually tested in mice with HPV‐expressing tumor cells subcutaneously implanted into their flank. However, effective vaccine‐induced regression of these ectopic tumors strongly contrasts with the poor clinical results of these vaccines produced in patients with HPV‐associated genital neoplasia. To assess HPV therapeutic vaccines in a more relevant setting, we have, here, established an orthotopic mouse model where tumors in the genital mucosa (GM) develop after an intravaginal instillation of HPV16 E6/E7‐expressing tumor cells transduced with a luciferase‐encoding lentiviral vector for in vivo imaging of tumor growth. Tumor take was 80–90% after nonoxynol‐9 induced damage of the epithelium. Tumors remained localized in the genital tract, and histological analysis showed that most tumors grew within the squamous epithelium of the vaginal wall. Those tumors induced (i) E7‐specific CD8 T cells restricted to the GM and draining lymph nodes, in agreement with their mucosal location and (ii) high Foxp3+ CD4+ infiltrates, similarly to those found in natural non‐regressing HPV lesions. This novel genital HPV‐tumor model by requiring GM homing of vaccine‐induced immune responses able to overcome local immuno‐suppression may be more representative of the situation occurring in patients upon therapeutic vaccination.
The development and application of the chemical mixture methodology in analysis of potential health impacts from airborne release in emergencies
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Ying , Petrocchi Achille J. , Craig Douglas K. , Glantz Clifford S. , Trott Donna M. , Ciolek John , Lu Po‐Yung , Bond Jayne‐Anne , Tuccinardi Thomas E. , Bouslaugh Philip 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Chemical Mixture Methodology (CMM) is used for emergency response and safety planning by the US Department of Energy, its contractors and other private and public sector organizations. The CMM estimates potential health impacts on individuals and their ability to take protective actions as a result of exposure to airborne chemical mixtures. It is based on the concentration of each chemical in the mixture at a designated receptor location, the protective action criteria (PAC) providing chemical‐specific exposure limit values and the health code numbers (HCNs) that identify the target organ groupings that may be impacted by exposure to each chemical in a mixture. The CMM has been significantly improved since its introduction more than 10 years ago. Major enhancements involve the expansion of the number of HCNs from 44 to 60 and inclusion of updated PAC values based on an improved development methodology and updates in the data used to derive the PAC values. Comparisons between the 1999 and 2009 versions of the CMM show potentially substantial changes in the assessment results for selected sets of chemical mixtures. In particular, the toxic mode hazard indices (HIs) and target organ HIs are based on more refined acute HCNs, thereby improving the quality of chemical consequence assessment, emergency planning and emergency response decision‐making. Seven hypothetical chemical storage and processing scenarios are used to demonstrate how the CMM is applied in emergency planning and hazard assessment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of hematopoietic potential of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Freisinger Eva , Cramer Christopher , Xia Xiujin , Murthy Subramanyam N. , Slakey Douglas P. , Chiu Ernest , Newsome Edward R. , Alt Eckhard U. , Izadpanah Reza 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMesenchymal and hematopoietic tissues are important reservoirs of adult stem cells. The potential of tissue resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into cells of mesodermal and ectodermal lineages has been reported previously. We examined the hypothesis that adherent adipose tissue resident mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are capable of generating cells with hematopoietic characteristics. When cultured in differentiation media, clonally isolated ASCs develop into cells with hematopoietic attributes. The hematopoietic differentiated cells (HD) express early hematopoietic (c‐kit, PROM1, CD4) as well as monocyte/macrophage markers (CCR5, CD68, MRC1, CD11b, CSF1R). Additionally, HD cells display functional characteristics of monocyte/macrophages such as phagocytosis and enzymatic activity of α‐Naphthyl Acetate Esterase. HD cells are also responsive to stimulation by IL‐4 and LPS as shown by increased CD14 and HLA‐DRB1 expressions and release of IL‐2, IL10, and TNF. Taken together, this study characterizes the potential of ASCs to generate functional macrophages in vitro, and therefore paves way for their possible use in cell therapy applications. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 888–897, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.