bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Design Space of BioFabric Visualization for Multivariate Network Analysis
Authors: Fuchs J. , Dennig F. L. , Heinle M.‐V. , Keim D. A. , Di Bartolomeo S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe visual analysis of multivariate network data is a common yet difficult task in many domains. The major challenge is to visualize the network's topology and additional attributes for entities and their connections. Although node‐link diagrams and adjacency matrices are widespread, they have inherent limitations. Node‐link diagrams struggle to scale effectively, while adjacency matrices can fail to represent network topologies clearly. In this paper, we delve into the design space of BioFabric, which aligns entities along rows and relationships along columns, providing a way to encapsulate multiple attributes for both. We explore how we can leverage the unique opportunities offered by BioFabric's design space to visualize multivariate network data — focusing on three main categories: juxtaposed visualizations, embedded on‐node and on‐edge encoding, and transformed node and edge encoding. We complement our exploration with a quantitative assessment comparing BioFabric to adjacency matrices. We postulate that the expansive design possibilities introduced in BioFabric network visualization have the potential for the visualization of multivariate data, and we advocate for further evaluation of the associated design space. Our supplemental material is available on osf.io.
GBP1 promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion through activation of STAT3 by SP1
Authors: Yu Site , Li Yun , Feng Wenjie , Zeng Jizhang , Cui Xu , Zhou Situo , Zhang Pihong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) ranks as the second most prevalent skin tumour (excluding melanoma). However, the molecular mechanisms driving cSCC progression remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate GBP1 expression in cSCC and elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms underlying cSCC development. GBP1 expression was assessed across public databases, cell lines and tissue samples. Various assays, including clone formation, CCK8 and EdU were employed to evaluate cell proliferation, while wound healing and transwell assays determined cell migration and invasion. Subcutaneous tumour assays were conducted to assess in vivo tumour proliferation, and molecular mechanisms were explored through western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Results identified GBP1 as an oncogene in cSCC, with elevated expression in both tumour tissues and cells, strongly correlating with tumour stage and grade. In vitro and in vivo investigations revealed that increased GBP1 expression significantly enhanced cSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, GBP1 interaction with SP1 promoted STAT3 activation, contributing to malignant behaviours. In conclusion, the study highlights the crucial role of the GBP1/SP1/STAT3 signalling axis in regulating tumour progression in cSCC. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of cSCC development and offer potential therapeutic targets for interventions against cSCC.
Shedding light on overlooked pollinators: Global insights into floral interactions of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae and Myrmosidae)
Authors: Parejo‐Pulido Daniel , Díaz‐Calafat Joan , Robla Jairo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlant–animal interactions constitute a recurrent and central focus in ecological research, with pollination representing one of its most extensively studied aspects. While certain insect orders have traditionally received considerable attention due to their abundance as flower visitors and their efficiency in pollination, it is undeniable that the significance of other less popular and neglected flower visitors cannot be overlooked. In this regard, velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae and Myrmosidae) constitute an excellent study model, as the knowledge of their ecology (e.g., their feeding preferences) is still very limited despite being reported as common flower visitors. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive global review of velvet ant floral visitation patterns using citizen science data, literature records and unpublished data. We used network metrics to explore their flower‐visit preferences on a global scale, as well as depending on the bioregion where the interaction was recorded and the sex of the velvet ants. In addition, we explored their potential role as pollen vectors examining the number of photographic records where velvet ants had pollen attached to their bodies. Our analyses revealed that velvet ants are generalist flower visitors of a wide range of plant families, with Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rhamnaceae and Fabaceae as the most visited. Despite differences in flowering plant and velvet ant composition across bioregions causing differences in plant‐velvet ant interactions, velvet ants visited flowering plants in a generalistic way across the globe. Males and females seemed to visit different plant communities, with males being more generalist than females. Furthermore, 42.7% (likely an underestimation) of the photographic records of velvet ants visiting flowers showed pollen attached to their bodies in the same way as in other pollinating insects, suggesting the same potential role as pollinators. There remains ample scope for ongoing investigation to comprehensively assess the importance of numerous arthropods, including velvet ants, not only as flower visitors but also as potential pollinators.
Impact of salivary flow inhibition on masticatory behaviours in healthy individuals
Authors: Goto Rie , Ochiai Yuto , Takei Eri , Ita Reiko , Ono Kazhihiro , Takei Ryo , Washio Hideaki , Takahashi Hajime , Tsujimura Takanori , Magara Jin , Inoue Makoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear how the salivary flow and the fat content of food affect bolus formation during mastication.ObjectivesWe aimed to clarify: (1) how hyposalivation affects jaw‐closing and hyoid‐elevating muscle activities in bolus formation, and (2) if the effect of hyposalivation on muscle activity depends on the fat content of food.MethodsEighteen healthy male volunteers were instructed to freely ingest four test foods: Plain, Fat without seasoning, Fat with seasoning, and Soft rice crackers. Masseter and suprahyoid electromyographic activities were recorded before and 30 min after the administration of atropine sulfate, a muscarinic receptor antagonist that induces hyposalivation.ResultsHyposalivation extended the masticatory duration significantly in all the test foods except Fat with seasoning. Masticatory cycle time was significantly longer with vs without hyposalivation for the Soft (p = .011). Suprahyoid activity/cycle was significantly greater with vs without hyposalivation (p = .013). Masticatory cycle time was significantly longer at the late stage with vs without hyposalivation for the Soft (p < .001). Suprahyoid activity/cycle was significantly greater at the middle (p = .045) and late stages (p = .002) with vs without hyposalivation for the Soft and greater at the late stage with vs without hyposalivation for the Plain (p = .043). Changes in masticatory cycle time and suprahyoid activity/cycle for these foods had significantly positive relationship (p < .001).ConclusionHyposalivation‐induced changes in masticatory behaviours resulted from the middle and late stage suprahyoid activity. Fat content and seasoning compensate for salivary flow inhibition.
Multi‐level governance in higher education quality assurance: Agencification and policy coordination in Spain
Authors: García‐Juanatey Ana , Jordana Jacint , Sancho David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article aims to examine the emergence of a system of multi‐level governance in Higher Education quality assurance during recent decades in Spain, as a particular case within the European Space of Higher Education. Although there is a well‐established multi‐level structure in the governance of this area at the European level, it is not very common to find countries having an internal multi‐level configuration. Most countries have allocated quality assurance at the national level, either concentrating responsibilities into a single agency or allowing competition between accreditation bodies. Thus, the Spanish scenario stands out as very singular model for the governance of Higher Education quality assurance, deserving attention to comprehend the intricacies of its coordination. Here we examine its development over the last two decades, and discuss three factors that have shaped inter‐agencies' relations: first, the sequence of agency creation and their accumulated expertise; second, the role of institutional structures for multi‐level coordination; and third, informal practices related to inter‐governmental relations, and the influence of country administrative traditions. From discussing this case, this article identifies three key lessons for understanding agency relations in multilevel governance environments: first, path dependence significantly impacts‐regulatory interactions over time; second, the Administrative culture, particularly centralist traditions, considerably shapes relationships in multi‐level bodies; and, third, the coordination models in regulatory networks (hierarchical, network or market‐based) tend to reflect those underlying political dynamics.
The prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis using a combination of Spiramycin and Cotrimoxazole: The long‐time experience of a tertiary referral centre
Authors: De Santis Marco , Tartaglia Silvio , Apicella Massimo , Visconti Daniela , Noia Giuseppe , Valentini Piero , Lanzone Antonio , Santangelo Rosaria , Masini Lucia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii and is responsible for gestational and congenital infections worldwide. The current standard therapy is based on the administration of Spiramycin to prevent trans‐placental transmission. Other therapies are being studied to reduce the rates of foetal transmission and symptomatic congenital infection.ObjectivesWe report our long‐standing experience in maternal toxoplasmosis infection treatment using a combination of Spiramycin–Cotrimoxazole, assessing its effectiveness in preventing vertical transmission compared to the expected incidence of congenital infection.MethodsWe retrospectively collected cases of pregnant women referred to our centre for suspected toxoplasmosis infection according to Lebech criteria, treated with Spiramycin–Cotrimoxazole.ResultsOf 1364 women referred to our centre, postnatal follow‐up of primary toxoplasmosis was available in 562 cases (73.9%). The overall vertical transmission rate was 3.4% in women treated immediately with Spiramycin–Cotrimoxazole after the diagnosis of infection. In comparison, it was 7.7% in women undergoing the same therapy but late or with poor compliance. The foetal transmission rate was 71.4% in untreated cases. All the infected newborns of mother treated adequately with Spiramycin–Cotrimoxazole were asymptomatic afterbirth, while 6/21 infected infants of the inadequate Spiramycin–Cotrimoxazole therapy group had postnatal sequelae (28.5%). The incidence of transmission after appropriate Spiramycin–Cotrimoxazole therapy was significantly lower than the expected rate reported in literature.ConclusionsA combination of Spiramycin and Cotrimoxazole is safe and effective in preventing foetal congenital toxoplasmosis and reducing sequelae in case of in‐utero infection. The timing and adherence to the therapy are crucial to lowering the risk of congenital infection and neonatal morbidity.
Roughness Investigations on In-Service High-Pressure Compressor Blades—Part II: Roughness Parameterization and Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Modeling of Its Impact on Turbulent Flows
Authors: Vasilopoulos Ilias , Adami Paolo , Voigt Matthias , Meyer Marcus , Mailach Ronald 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The two-part publication deals with roughness investigations on in-service high-pressure compressor (HPC) blades, both in terms of measurements and simulations. In this paper (Part II), first, stripe measurements of surface roughness coming from the suction side of the blades are conducted, using a highly accurate Alicona measuring device (see Part I for details of the measurement approach). Then, these roughness distributions are used to construct the walls of zero-pressure-gradient, fully turbulent channel flow simulations. Body-fitted unstructured grids of up to 80 M nodes are generated, on which wall-resolved large eddy simulations (LES) as well as Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations with the k–ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model are performed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) setup is first validated on a smooth channel reference case against LES and direct numerical simulations (DNS) data from the relevant literature. In addition, the impact of Reynolds number on several rough channel flow simulations is explored, using two different setups at Reτ = 540 and Reτ = 880. Finally, after an identification of the most important roughness parameters (given the relatively limited database at hand), a new roughness function model is proposed, which would allow the prediction of the flow over a rough surface without the need of geometrically resolving the roughness scales.
A tool for clarifying expectations in undergraduate research experiences
Authors: Leung Karen , Clement Laurence , Lewis James , Saul Naledi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Articulating clear and achievable expectations is fundamental to both education and organizational management. In this article, we provide a simple intervention for clarifying expectations–and establishing that these expectations have been understood–which proved beneficial both to community college interns and to their internship mentors in biotech-related undergraduate research experiences. Internship mentors were asked to utilize a simple Expectation Clarity Tool to outline the expectations, success metrics, baseline assessments, and training strategy and support that would be foundational to their intern’s project. These included expectations around conceptual, technical, performance, and professional skills and behaviors. Concurrently, but independently, community college interns were asked to complete the same type of exercise as a way of identifying gaps in their knowledge and understanding of their mentor’s expectations and their internship project. The mentor’s completed Expectation Clarity Tool was then shared with their intern. As a result of completing this relatively simple intervention, the majority of mentors reported that it increased their confidence as a mentor, taught them a new mentoring skill, changed how they will mentor trainees moving forward, and positively impacted their relationship with their trainee. On the intern side, the majority of interns reported that engaging in this intervention, both as an independent exercise and in obtaining their mentor’s completed Expectation Clarity Tool, increased their confidence as an intern and positively impacted the success of their internship.
In vitro
effects of the new oral β-lactamase inhibitor xeruborbactam in combination with oral β-lactams against clinical
Mycobacterium abscessus
isolates
Authors: Yamatani Izumi , Aono Akio , Fujiwara Keiji , Asami Takahiro , Kamada Keisuke , Morishige Yuta , Igarashi Yuriko , Chikamatsu Kinuyo , Murase Yoshiro , Yamada Hiroyuki , Takaki Akiko , Komiya Kosaku , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), particularly
Mycobacterium abscessus
subsp.
abscessus
(
M. abscessus
), are increasingly being recognized as etiological agents of NTM pulmonary disease. However, treatment options for
M. abscessus
are limited owing to their natural resistance to most antibiotics, including β-lactams.
M. abscessus
produces a class A β-lactamase, whose activity is inhibited by cyclic boronic acid β-lactamase inhibitors. We aimed to evaluate the
in vitro
effects of xeruborbactam, a cyclic boronic acid β-lactamase inhibitor, against
M. abscessus
when combined with five β-lactams (amoxicillin, tebipenem, cefdinir, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin). The drug susceptibilities of 43
M
.
abscessus
clinical isolates obtained from 43 patients between August 2005 and May 2014 were tested. The MIC results for each β-lactam with or without 4 µg/mL xeruborbactam were examined. Xeruborbactam lowered the MIC
90
values of tebipenem, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, and cefdinir by 5, ≥4, 3, and 3 dilutions, respectively. The MIC
90
values of cefoxitin without xeruborbactam were 32 µg/mL and did not change upon the addition of xeruborbactam. The lowest MIC
90
value was obtained for tebipenem with xeruborbactam. Almost all isolates had an MIC of 4 µg/mL; one isolate had an MIC of 2 µg/mL. With respect to the susceptibility to the same family drug, the number of susceptible isolates increased from 1/43 (2%) to 43/43 (100%) for tebipenem with xeruborbactam. Combining tebipenem and xeruborbactam could be considered an effective all-oral regimen that benefits outpatient treatment of
M. abscessus
pulmonary disease.

IMPORTANCE

Mycobacterium abscessus
subsp.
abscessus
(
M. abscessus
) disease is treated in two phases; injectable drugs for initial followed by others for continuation. There is a need to develop all-oral treatment methods for
M. abscessus
infection, especially in the continuation phase. However, treatment options for
M. abscessus
are limited owing to their natural resistance to most antibiotics. This is the first report to evaluate the in vitro effects of xeruborbactam, a cyclic boronic acid β-lactamase inhibitor capable of inhibiting the class A β-lactamase produced by
M. abscessus
, against 43
M. abscessus
clinical isolates when combined with five β-lactam antibiotics. Xeruborbactam lowered the MIC90 values of tebipenem by five dilutions, and the number of susceptible isolates increased from 1/43 (2%) to 43/43 (100%). We showed that the tebipenem-xeruborbactam combination might be of interest to explore further as a potentially effective oral regimen for outpatient treatment of
M. abscessus
pulmonary disease.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta type 1: like mother, like daughter – Challenges in the perinatal management
Authors: Vasudeva Akhila , Padavagodu Shivananda Roopa , Handigodu Dugappa Arun , Bhat Vivekananda 
Published: June 2024

A third gravida with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type 1, in her 20s, was referred from the Medical Genetics department at 12+ weeks with a prenatal diagnosis of OI type 1 in this fetus for further management. She was wheelchair-bound and keen to continue this pregnancy. She had medical termination in her two previous pregnancies for OI in the fetuses. Ultrasound at 12+ weeks revealed a short-bent femur with sparing of the long bones of the upper limb. Serial ultrasound revealed progressive affliction of the long bones with falling growth profile and polyhydramnios. She was delivered at 36 weeks by caesarean for breech in labour under regional anaesthesia.A multidisciplinary approach, patient determination, and good partner support helped in the successful management of this pregnancy.The neonate had blue sclera, dentigerous imperfecta, bowing of the femur and relatively spared upper limbs. Growth was on the third centile. The mother says she brings the girl for follow-up every 3–6 months to give injection zoledronate. The mother confirms her girl can stand with support, crawl, and speak two-syllable words. Her daughter had to undergo femur corrective osteotomy rush nailing and hip spice application for a closed fracture of the left femur.
Prenatal recognition of cerebriform sebaceous naevus
Authors: Lee Yi Jia , Dickinson Jan E 
Published: June 2024

Cerebriform sebaceous naevus (CSN) is a rare morphological sebaceous naevus variant and challenging to diagnose prenatally due to its flat, smooth and waxy appearance and lack of association with extracutaneous manifestations.A multigravida was referred to our tertiary obstetric unit at 24 weeks of gestation for evaluation of fetal auricular lesions. We were able to further characterise the lesions via serial obstetric ultrasound imaging with the aid of three-dimensional (3D) technology. Although the precise diagnosis prenatally was uncertain, the use of 3D technology allowed the reconstruction of the fetal cutaneous lesions for multidisciplinary assessment to facilitate the development of a neonatal management plan. The diagnosis of CSN was made postnatally on biopsy.
Identifying how pre-existing resources combine to shape the experiences of work and family life of a diverse sample of working parents with at least one child in primary school in Scotland during COVID-19 pandemic-related social restrictions: a qualitative descriptive design
Authors: McQueen Fiona , Osborn Sharani 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify factors that shaped working parents (WPs’) experiences of COVID-19-related social restrictions and analyse the relationships between those factors.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used to collect five time points of data including two online questionnaires and three telephone or online interviews between March 2021 and August 2021 with some follow-up interviews in December 2022.SettingThe COVID-19 pandemic led to social restrictions which greatly impacted WPs who had to both work and look after their children within their home space without any formal childcare.Participants19 participants living in Scotland who had at least one child of primary school age and who had been working in March 2020.ResultsAll parents were affected by social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the flexibility of employers, their socioeconomic situation and the amount of space in their home environment being particularly influential. The impact of social restrictions was greater for lone parents (LPs) due to the inability to share childcare with another adult in the home. Parents in low-income households were affected due to pre-existing inequalities of resources.ConclusionsThese findings indicate several policy options that could mitigate negative outcomes for parents in the case of a future pandemic, including options to lessen inequities experienced by LPs. These include priority access to school places (particularly for children with underlying chronic medical conditions), the ability to establish a ‘support bubble’ at the beginning of social restrictions and being given access to safe outside places for children without a garden.