bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four-dimensional computed tomography as first-line imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism, a retrospective comparison to conventional imaging in a predominantly single adenoma population
Authors: Krol Jorian P. , Joosten Frank B.M. , de Boer Hans , Bernsen Marie Louise E. , Slump Cornelis H. , Oyen Wim J.G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
To determine the use of four-dimensional CT as first-line imaging compared to the traditional combination of ultrasound and [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi SPECT.

Materials and methods
Retrospective review of preoperative imaging in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, who underwent parathyroidectomy between 2012 and 2021. In one group, the combination ultrasound and [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi SPECT was used as first-line imaging (n = 54), in the other group four-dimensional CT was the first-line imaging modality (n = 51). Sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated on patient, lateralisation and localisation level. The need for additional imaging was also assessed for both groups.

Results
Four-dimensional CT had a significantly higher sensitivity compared to the combination of ultrasound/[99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi SPECT on patient and localisation level (70.6% vs. 51.9%, p = 0.049 and 60.8% vs. 35.2%, p = 0.009 respectively). Sensitivity for lateralisation also appeared higher, but did not reach significance (62.7% vs. 44.4%, p = 0.060). Positive predictive value was not significantly higher for four-dimensional CT compared to ultrasound and [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi SPECT (88.9% vs. 85.7% for lateralisation and 86.1% vs. 67.9% for localisation respectively). Additional imaging was required in 14 patients with four-dimensional CT as first-line imaging (27.4%) consisting of 2 ultrasound/[99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi SPECT and 13 [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT, compared to 24 patients with ultrasound/[99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi SPECT as first-line imaging (44.4%), requiring 22 four-dimensional CT and 9 [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT.

Conclusions
Four-dimensional CT as the sole first-line parathyroid imaging modality had higher sensitivity than the combination of ultrasound and [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi SPECT, therefore requiring fewer additional procedures. Although the most costly, [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT was the most effective technique to localise parathyroid adenoma in case all other imaging was negative.
Astronomical adaptive optics: a review
Authors: Rao Changhui , Zhong Libo , Guo Youming , Li Min , Zhang Lanqiang , Wei Kai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince the concept of adaptive optics(AO) was proposed in 1953, AO has become an indispensable technology for large aperture ground-based optical telescopes aimed at high resolution observations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of AO progress for large aperture astronomical optical telescopes including both night-time and day-time solar optical telescopes. The recent AO technological advances, such as Laser Guide Star, Deformable Secondary Mirror, Extreme AO, and Multi-Conjugate AO are focused.
Chemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiviral, and lung-protective activities of Salvia officinalis L. ethanol extract herb growing in Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Amer Asmaa A. , Kassem Samar H. , Hussein Mohammed Abdalla 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a respiratory ailment that causes the substitution of healthy lung tissue with scar tissue due to collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation. The incidence of PF increased with the successive waves of Coronaviruses and other viruses affecting the lungs. Therefore, the priority is moving toward treatment with medicinal plants for their active constituents. Salvia officinalis L. herbal drug (sage, family; Lamiaceae) is characterized by its strong antioxidative activity. This study aims to declare the effect of using sage ethanol extract (SOEE) as a protective agent from PF through an in vivo study on mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced lung fibrosis and in vitro evaluation of its anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant activities concerning its phytoconstituents.

Results
Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as apigenin, luteolin, genkwanin, quercetin, hispidulin, luteolin-7-O-β- glucopyranoside, rutin, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid chlorogenic acid, and ellagic acid. The results of antioxidants indicated that SOEE exhibited the greatest efficacy as an antioxidant agent in the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay with inhibitory concentration (IC50) 23.21 ± 1.17 µg/ mL followed by 1864.71 and 1793.80 µM Trolox equivalent/mg extract for ferric ion reducing antioxidant power and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), respectively. SOEE showed notable cytotoxic activity against A549. Oral administration of SOEE at 69.4 and 173.5 mg/kg.bw afforded a noteworthy protective effect against HgCl2-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Also, lung superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were increased by SOEE. That was in parallel with working to reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA), necrosis factor kappa (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels. The lung P53, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, AKT, and vanin-1 gene expression was upregulated in SOEE-treated rats compared to HgCl2-treated rats.

Conclusion
SOEE reduces acute lung injury and can be used to inhibit the proliferation and migration of lung fibrotic cells. These activities may be related to its high antioxidant activity, which could result from the phenolic constituents. The authors recommended using sage in the treatment of lung diseases to protect from lung fibrosis. Additional animal and human experiments are needed for future research.

Graphical abstract
Damping effects of a stay cable attached with a viscous damper and a high damping rubber damper considering cable bending stiffness and damper support flexibility
Authors: Nguyen Duy Thao , Chau Si Quanh , Phan Hoang Nam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo mitigate cable oscillations in cable-stayed bridges, a common approach involves using a strategically positioned viscous damper near the cable’s anchorage and bridge deck. However, for longer cables, this method may be insufficient due to installation constraints. In such cases, supplementing the damping system with a high-damping rubber (HDR) damper near the cable’s anchorage point on the bridge tower becomes imperative to enhance the cable’s damping ratio. Conventional designs often overlook crucial factors like viscous damper support stiffness and stay cable bending stiffness when integrating dampers into cable-stayed structures. This study presents findings on achieving an effective damping ratio in stay cables by using both a viscous damper and an HDR damper, considering the influence of viscous damper support stiffness and stay cable bending stiffness. The results indicate that the combined deployment of these dampers achieves a damping efficiency approximately equivalent to the sum of their individual effects. Importantly, decreased viscous damper support stiffness significantly affects the damping effectiveness, leading to a rapid decline in the stay cable’s damping ratio. While stay cable bending stiffness also influences the damping ratio, its impact is relatively less pronounced than that of viscous damper support stiffness. The study outcomes enable a more accurate prediction of the achievable damping ratio for a stay cable with additional components, considering both damper support stiffness and stay cable bending stiffness. Furthermore, the study explores parameters of both the viscous damper and HDR damper, such as the viscous coefficient, loss coefficient, HDR damper stiffness, and damper placement, evaluating their influence on the first damping ratio of the stay cable. The survey results provide valuable insights for determining optimal parameters for both dampers, maximizing the damping efficiency of cable-stayed bridges.
Adverse effects of criminal legal system involvement: a qualitative study examining the role of incarceration and reentry on substance use trajectories among women with opioid use disorders
Authors: Strong-Jones Sienna , Brant Kristina , Kreager Derek , Harrison Eric , Jones Abenaa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Women with substance use disorders (SUDs) often experience adversity related to incarceration and reentry that can impact their substance use outcomes. This study aims to examine the adverse effects of incarceration and reentry on substance use outcomes among women with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods
We carried out 42 semi-structured interviews (May–July 2022) with women with a history of criminal legal involvement and OUD (n = 20), criminal legal professionals (n = 10), and SUD treatment professionals (n = 12). The interviews focused on women’s substance use trajectories, barriers to treatment, and the intersection of the criminal legal system and treatment. None of the women were presently incarcerated during their interviews.

Results
Participants expressed the severe adverse impact of criminal legal involvement on women with OUD. Many women felt traumatized by experiencing detox while incarcerated, especially as they received minimal aid for withdrawal symptoms. Women seeking recovery while incarcerated felt unsupported, being afforded few treatment options, and experiencing stigma. Reentering society after incarceration also posed significant challenges to women’s individual recovery goals. Reentry-related challenges such as returning to unsupportive environments, facing difficulties finding employment, lacking secure housing, and facing the stigma of incarceration triggered adverse outcomes, such as relapse among those who were seeking to avoid illicit substances.

Conclusions
Findings suggest a need to evaluate detox protocols, medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) access, and stigma in the criminal legal system. Interventions facilitating women’s reentry, reducing the combined stigma of incarceration and OUD, and restoring agency for women with OUD are also needed.
Surgical Outcomes of Low-Flow Bypass Surgery in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Steno-Occlusive Diseases
Authors: Chung Yuwhan , Nam Sun Mo , Lee Sung Ho , Kim Kangmin , Kang Hyun-Seung , Kim Jeong Eun , Cho Won-Sang 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The role of bypass surgery in intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusive diseases (ICADs) remains controversial. We aimed to analyze the surgical outcomes of bypass surgery in patients with the ICADs in a single tertiary institution.

METHODS:
Among 1018 cases of low-flow bypass surgery between 2003 and 2022, 215 patients with the ICAD refractory to medical treatment were finally enrolled in this study. Clinical and radiological outcomes were retrospectively evaluated, with survival analyses.

RESULTS:
All strokes, cerebral infarctions, and intracranial hemorrhages occurred in 12.1% (n = 26), 9.8% (n = 21), and 2.3% (n = 5), respectively, during the clinical follow-up of 54.6 ± 47.6 months (range, 0.6-237.8 months). Among all stroke events, 84.6% (n = 22) occurred within 30 postoperative days. The 2-year and 5-year cumulative risks of all strokes were 12.1% each. The mean modified Rankin Scale scores were 1.6 ± 1.1 (range, 0-5) preoperatively and 0.8 ± 1.2 (range, 0-6) at last (P < .01). The patency of direct bypass was 99.1% (n = 213) just before discharge and 96.3% (n = 184 of 191 patients with available tests) at the last angiographic follow-up of 27.0 ± 27.3 months (range, 2.3-97.3 months). All the patients with available data (n = 190) showed hemodynamic improvement on acetazolamide-challenged single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime during the follow-up of 38.6 ± 36.7 months (range, 2.3-158.6 months).

CONCLUSION:
Low-flow bypass surgery showed acceptable treatment outcomes in the prevention of recurrent stroke.
Reconstruction of Paprosky IIIB acetabular defects with porous tantalum shells and augments using the footing technique
Authors: Wassilew Georgi I. , Zimmerer Alexander , Fischer Maximilian , Nonnenmacher Lars , O'Hara Laurence , Hube Robert 
Published: May 2024

AimsThe use of a porous metal shell supported by two augments with the ‘footing’ technique is one solution to manage Paprosky IIIB acetabular defects in revision total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to assess the medium-term implant survival and radiological and clinical outcomes of this technique.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective, two-centre series of 39 hips in 39 patients (15 male, 24 female) treated with the ‘footing’ technique for Paprosky IIIB acetabular defects between 2007 and 2020. The median age at the time of surgery was 64.4 years (interquartile range (IQR) 54.4 to 71.0). The median follow-up was 3.9 years (IQR 3.1 to 7.0).ResultsThe cumulative medium-term survival of the acetabular construct was 89%. Two hips (5.1%) required further revision due to shell loosening, one hip (2.6%) due to shell dislocation, and one hip (2.6%) due to infection. The median Harris Hip Score improved significantly from 47 points (IQR 41.5 to 54.9) preoperatively to 80 points (IQR 73.5 to 88.6) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe reconstruction of Paprosky IIIB acetabular defects with porous tantalum shells and two augments using the ‘footing’ technique showed excellent medium-term results. It is a viable option for treating these challenging defects.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):54–58.
Modular fluted tapered stems in two-stage reimplantation of previously infected total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Carender Christopher N. , Perry Kevin I. , Sierra Rafael J. , Trousdale Robert T. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: May 2024

AimsUncemented implants are now commonly used at reimplantation of a two-stage revision total hip arthoplasty (THA) following periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, there is a paucity of data on the performance of the most commonly used uncemented femoral implants – modular fluted tapered (MFT) femoral components – in this setting. This study evaluated implant survival, radiological results, and clinical outcomes in a large cohort of reimplantation THAs using MFT components.MethodsWe identified 236 reimplantation THAs from a single tertiary care academic institution from September 2000 to September 2020. Two designs of MFT femoral components were used as part of an established two-stage exchange protocol for the treatment of PJI. Mean age at reimplantation was 65 years (SD 11), mean BMI was 32 kg/m2 (SD 7), and 46% (n = 109) were female. Mean follow-up was seven years (SD 4). A competing risk model accounting for death was used.ResultsThe 15-year cumulative incidence of any revision was 24%. There were 48 revisions, with the most common reasons being dislocation (n = 25) and infection (n = 16). The 15-year cumulative incidence of any reoperation was 28%. Only 13 revisions involved the fluted tapered component (FTC), for a 15-year cumulative incidence of any FTC revision of 8%. Only two FTCs were revised for aseptic loosening, resulting in a 15-year cumulative incidence of FTC revision for aseptic loosening of 1%. Stem subsidence ≥ 5 mm occurred in 2% of unrevised cases. All stems were radiologically stable at most recent follow-up. Mean Harris Hip Score was 69 (SD 20) at most recent follow-up.ConclusionThis series demonstrated that MFT components were durable and reliable in the setting of two-stage reimplantation THA for infection. While the incidence of aseptic loosening was very low, the incidence of any revision was 24% at 15 years, primarily due to dislocation and recurrent PJI.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):125–132.
Hip Reconstruction In Situ with Screws and Cement (HiRISC) construct to treat large acetabular bone defects
Authors: Villa Jesus M. , Rajschmir Katherine , Hosseinzadeh Shayan , Manrique-Succar Jorge , Grieco Preston , Higuera-Rueda Carlos A. , Riesgo Aldo M. 
Published: May 2024

AimsLarge bone defects resulting from osteolysis, fractures, osteomyelitis, or metastases pose significant challenges in acetabular reconstruction for total hip arthroplasty. This study aimed to evaluate the survival and radiological outcomes of an acetabular reconstruction technique in patients at high risk of reconstruction failure (i.e. periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), poor bone stock, immunosuppressed patients), referred to as Hip Reconstruction In Situ with Screws and Cement (HiRISC). This involves a polyethylene liner embedded in cement-filled bone defects reinforced with screws and/or plates for enhanced fixation.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 59 consecutive acetabular reconstructions was performed by four surgeons in a single institution from 18 October 2018 to 5 January 2023. Cases were classified based on the Paprosky classification, excluding type 1 cases (n = 26) and including types 2 or 3 for analysis (n = 33). Radiological loosening was evaluated by an orthopaedic surgeon who was not the operating surgeon, by comparing the immediate postoperative radiographs with the ones at latest follow-up. Mean follow-up was 557 days (SD 441; 31 to 1,707).ResultsOut of the 33 cases analyzed, six (18.2%) constructs required revision, with four revisions due to uncontrolled infection, one for dislocation, and one for aseptic loosening. Among the 27 non-revised constructs, only one showed wider radiolucencies compared to immediate postoperative radiographs, indicating potential loosening. Patients who underwent revision (n = 6) were significantly younger and had a higher BMI compared to those with non-revised constructs (p = 0.016 and p = 0.026, respectively). Sex, race, ethnicity, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, infection status (patients with postoperative PJI diagnosis (septic) vs patients without such diagnosis (aseptic)), and mean follow-up did not significantly differ between revised and non-revised groups.ConclusionThe HiRISC technique may serve as a feasible short-term (about one to two years) alternative in patients with large acetabular defects, particularly in cases of PJI. Longer follow-up is necessary to establish the long-term survival of this technique.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):82–88.
A prospective randomized study of Refobacin Bone Cement R versus Palacos R + G
Authors: Angelomenos Vasileios , Mohaddes Maziar , Kärrholm Johan , Malchau Henrik , Shareghi Bita , Itayem Raed 
Published: May 2024

AimsRefobacin Bone Cement R and Palacos R + G bone cement were introduced to replace the original cement Refobacin Palacos R in 2005. Both cements were assumed to behave in a biomechanically similar fashion to the original cement. The primary aim of this study was to compare the migration of a polished triple-tapered femoral stem fixed with either Refobacin Bone Cement R or Palacos R + G bone cement. Repeated radiostereometric analysis was used to measure migration of the femoral head centre. The secondary aims were evaluation of cement mantle, stem positioning, and patient-reported outcome measures.MethodsOverall, 75 patients were included in the study and 71 were available at two years postoperatively. Prior to surgery, they were randomized to one of the three combinations studied: Palacos cement with use of the Optivac mixing system, Refobacin with use of the Optivac system, and Refobacin with use of the Optipac system. Cemented MS30 stems and cemented Exceed acetabular components were used in all hips. Postoperative radiographs were used to assess the quality of the cement mantle according to Barrack et al, and the position and migration of the femoral stem. Harris Hip Score, Oxford Hip Score, Forgotten Joint Score, and University of California, Los Angeles Activity Scale were collected.ResultsMedian distal migration (y-axis) at two years for the Refobacin-Optivac system was -0.79 mm (-2.01 to -0.09), for the Refobacin-Optipac system was -0.75 mm (-2.16 to 0.20), and for the Palacos-Optivac system was -1.01 mm (-4.31 to -0.29). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Secondary outcomes did not differ statistically between the groups at the two-year follow-up.ConclusionAt two years, we found no significant differences in distal migration or clinical outcomes between the three groups. Our data indicate that Refobacin Bone Cement R and Palacos R + G are comparable in terms of stable fixation and early clinical outcomes.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):435–441.
Research prioritization in paediatric orthopaedics and the impact on funding
Authors: Theologis Tim , Perry D. C. 
Published: May 2024

In 2017, the British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery engaged the profession and all relevant stakeholders in two formal research prioritization processes. In this editorial, we describe the impact of this prioritization on funding, and how research in children’s orthopaedics, which was until very recently a largely unfunded and under-investigated area, is now flourishing. Establishing research priorities was a crucial step in this process.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):422–424.
Pencantuman Klausula Eksonerasi dalam Akta Notaris sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Notaris
Authors: Fadhilah Naily , Priyono Ery Agus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNotary as a public official authorized to make an authentic deed, in its journey it is possible to have legal problems both originating from the implementation of the duties and authorities of the Notary itself as well as problems from the parties in the deed. Therefore, to minimize it, the Notary then adds an exoneration clause as a form of self-protection. The purpose of this article is to know the urgency of including the exoneration clause in the Notary deed and the guarantee of legal protection for a notary. The research method used is a juridical-normative approach. The conclusion is the inclusion of the exoneration clause is a living law in the Notary world and that’s permitted, as long as the procedure for making the deed has been carried out in stages, sequentially, and fulfilled by a Notary in accordance with the UUJN. Meanwhile, legal protection for Notaries is limited to granting the rights and obligations to deny by law to Notaries. Protection from the Notary Honorary Council is only limited to agreeing or refusing when the Notary is summoned by investigators to provide information either as a witness or a suspect.Keyword: notary; exoneration clause; legal protectionAbstrakNotaris sebagai pejabat publik yang berwenang membuat akta autentik, dalam perjalanannya dimungkinkan terjadi masalah hukum baik yang bersumber dari pelaksanaan tugas dan wewenangnya itu sendiri maupun dari para penghadap. Oleh karena itu, untuk meminimalisir terlibatnya dugaan terhadap Notaris tentang kejahatan yang telah dilakukan oleh para penghadap, Notaris kemudian menambahkan klausula eksonerasi sebagai bentuk pengaman diri. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk mengetahui urgensi pencantuman klausula eksonerasi dalam akta Notaris serta jaminan perlindungan hukum bagi Notaris dalam menjalankan tugas dan jabatannya. Adapun metode peneltian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu bahwa pencantuman klausula eksonerasi merupakan living law dalam dunia kenotariatan. Pencantuman klausula eksonerasi boleh saja, selama prosedur pembuatan akta telah dilakukan secara bertahap, berurutan, serta dipenuhi oleh Notaris sesuai UUJN. Sedangkan perlindungan hukum apabila terseret kasus akibat tindakan para penghadap yang memberikan keterangan palsu, sebatas pemberian hak dan kewajiban ingkar. Perlindungan dari Majelis Kehormatan Notaris hanya terbatas pada menyetujui atau menolak ketika Notaris dipanggil penyidik untuk memberikan keterangan baik sebagai saksi maupun tersangka.Kata kunci: notaris; klausula eksonerasi; perlindungan hukum