bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predation of Atlantic Petrel chicks by house mice on Gough Island
Authors: Wanless R. M. , Ratcliffe N. , Angel A. , Bowie B. C. , Cita K. , Hilton G. M. , Kritzinger P. , Ryan P. G. , Slabber M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe impacts of predation by invasive mammals on island fauna are a major driver of insular biodiversity loss. Devastating, hitherto unsuspected impacts of predatory house mice on breeding seabirds have been described recently. We studied the fate of 178 Atlantic Petrel Pterodroma incerta nests at Gough Island, over four seasons, from October 2003 to January 2008. Introduced house mice Mus musculus were found in all study burrows checked for mouse visits. From October 2003 to September 2004, we video‐recorded attacks by mice on six (of 13) live, healthy Atlantic Petrel chicks and on one (of three) great shearwater Puffinus gravis chicks. In all years, chicks died from mouse attacks. Stage‐specific daily nest survival rates were modelled, from which estimates of breeding success were derived that accounted for the variable exposure periods studied among years. Average daily survival rate of eggs was 0.998, and hatching success through the entire incubation period (55.5 days) was 0.924 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.903–0.940]. Daily chick survival rates were 0.990, which gave a modelled fledging success of 0.247 (CI 0.165–0.338) over the 138‐day chick period, and average annual breeding success (chicks fledged per breeding attempt) of 0.228 (CI 0.150–0.318), which is low compared with congeners. Productivity estimates were used as a parameter in a population simulation model, which predicted a population multiplication rate (λ) of 0.993 (CI = 0.966–1.021). However, in the one season studied from laying to fledging (2007), from 58 nests, only one chick fledged (1.7%). This suggests the wide errors on the model results may obscure a more severe reality. More than 60% of model simulations resulted in an International Union for Conservation of Nature classification of Endangered. Our results add support to calls to eradicate mice from Gough Island. More generally, mice cannot be ignored as a potential threat to island fauna, and island restoration and management plans should routinely include eradication of introduced mice.
The human testis‐determining factor SRY localizes in midbrain dopamine neurons and regulates multiple components of catecholamine synthesis and metabolism
Authors: Czech Daniel P. , Lee Joohyung , Sim Helena , Parish Clare L. , Vilain Eric , Harley Vincent R. 
Published: May 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 260–271.AbstractThe male gender is determined by the sex‐determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY) transcription factor. The unexpected action of SRY in the control of voluntary movement in male rodents suggests a role in the regulation of dopamine transmission and dopamine‐related disorders with gender bias, such as Parkinson’s disease. We investigated SRY expression in the human brain and function in vitro. SRY immunoreactivity was detected in the human male, but not female substantia nigra pars compacta, within a sub‐population of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons. SRY protein also co‐localized with TH positive neurons in the ventral tegmental area, and with GAD‐positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Retinoic acid‐induced differentiation of human precursor NT2 cells into dopaminergic cells increased expression of TH, NURR1, D2R and SRY. In the human neuroblastoma cell line, M17, SRY knockdown resulted in a reduction in TH, DDC, DBH and MAO‐A expression; enzymes which control dopamine synthesis and metabolism. Conversely, SRY over‐expression increased TH, DDC, DBH, D2R and MAO‐A levels, accompanied by increased extracellular dopamine levels. A luciferase assay demonstrated that SRY activated a 4.6 kb 5′ upstream regulatory region of the human TH promoter/nigral enhancer. Combined, these results suggest that SRY plays a role as a positive regulator of catecholamine synthesis and metabolism in the human male midbrain. This ancillary genetic mechanism might contribute to gender bias in fight‐flight behaviours in men or their increased susceptibility to dopamine disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia.
Child mental health and service needs in Iraq: beliefs and attitudes of primary school teachers
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Abdul Kareem , Nelson Brett D. , Al Badawi Ghazwan , Hicks Madelyn Hsiao‐Rei , Guarino Anthony J. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveTo survey Iraqi primary school teachers' beliefs and attitudes about mental health and behavioural problems of children.MethodsFrom 10 primary schools in Baghdad, 148 teachers were surveyed using a closed‐response questionnaire to assess beliefs and attitudes regarding students' mental health and behavioural problems, needs, resources and limitations to teaching.ResultsDisruptive behaviours were rated as main problems by the largest proportions of teachers. In‐service training on ‘identifying students with social, emotional, or behavioural problems’ and ‘effective behaviour management’ was rated very important by 70% of teachers. Most teachers received no training on mental health during their teaching career. There was low reported availability of a wide range of school‐based mental health resources.ConclusionsTeachers in Iraq report substantial mental health and behavioural problems in primary school children and identify high unmet need for school‐based mental health programmes and training.
The Portrayal of Migraine in Popular Music: Observations and Implications
Authors: Roberts Daniel L. , Vargas Bert B. 
Published: May 2012

Objective.— To describe the manner in which migraine and migaineurs are depicted in popular music.Background.— Prior studies have elucidated the ways in which the popular perception of neurological disorders is shaped by popular culture, from the inflated expectations of the prognosis of coma patients in television dramas to the association of intractable headaches with demonic possession and death by violence in the cinema.Methods.— We searched popular online music sites for songs with the word “migraine” in their titles. Song lyrics were studied for tone, content, and the light in which they portrayed migraine sufferers.Results.— One hundred thirty‐four songs met inclusion criteria, representing the work of 126 artists. The majority of the recording artists were male (112 of 126 artists, 89%). One hundred seven of the 134 songs (80%) were recorded since 2000. Of the 79 songs that contained lyrics, 16 (20%) included explicit content; 43 (54%) make reference to hopelessness, despair, or severe pain; and 27 (34%) contained references to killing or death. Only 9 songs (11%) made any reference to successful treatment, resolution, or hope of any sort, the same number that made lyrical references to explosions or bombs.Conclusions.— The portrayal of a disease in popular music can reflect the artist's perceptions, anxieties, and prejudices about the disease and its victims. The public, including patients, may accept these portrayals as accurate. Clinicians familiar with the portrayal of headache sufferers in cinema will not be surprised that popular musicians (both migraineurs and non‐migraineurs) portray migraines as intractable, violent, and all‐consuming. The lack of any balancing view is disheartening, especially in light of the advances in migraine awareness and treatment over the past decade. Perhaps the most surprising finding is that the vast majority of migraine songs are written and performed by men.
Reflections on #Occupy Everywhere: Social media, public space, and emerging logics of aggregation
Authors: Juris Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis article explores the links between social media and public space within the #Occupy Everywhere movements. Whereas listservs and websites helped give rise to a widespread logic of networking within the movements for global justice of the 1990s–2000s, I argue that social media have contributed to an emerging logic of aggregation in the more recent #Occupy movements—one that involves the assembling of masses of individuals from diverse backgrounds within physical spaces. However, the recent shift toward more decentralized forms of organizing and networking may help to ensure the sustainability of the #Occupy movements in a posteviction phase. [social movements, globalization, political protest, public space, social media, new technologies, inequality]
Commentary: Democracy, temporalities of capitalism, and dilemmas of inclusion in Occupy movements
Authors: Nugent David 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe two articles in this issue that I consider here raise fascinating questions about the temporalities of capitalism and about the dilemmas of inclusion in the recent Occupy movements. I explore some of these questions by focusing on three features of the movements: their temporal registers, their moral imaginaries, and their implicit and explicit understandings of democracy. I connect these different threads by showing their relationships to one another and also to what activists believe Occupy has emerged in opposition to: the interrelated crises of global capitalism and representative democracy. [democracy, capitalism, public protest, Occupy, temporality]
One way or another: Erotic subjectivity in Cuba
Authors: Allen Jafari 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIntervening at the nexus of queer anthropology, black resistance, and Latin American and Caribbean culture and politics, I examine sites, modalities, and limits of “erotic subjectivity” during Cuba's Special Period in Time of Peace (Período Especial en Tiempo de Paz)—the economic crisis of the 1990s. I trace how nonheteronormative black Cubans have been reinventing ways to participate, officially and unofficially, in a number of fraught, uneven exchanges on the ground. I aim to outline a genealogy of the political possibilities for nonheteronormative black Cubans. [queer, black, Cuba, subjectivity, gender]
The Green Revolution's ghost: Unruly subjects of participatory development in rural Indonesia
Authors: Welker Marina 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAfter the Batu Hijau mine in Sumbawa, Indonesia, began operating in 2000, mine managers identified area farmers as a top security risk because they were threatening to shut down the mine unless they were given jobs there. Among various efforts to get local residents “back on the land,” the mine began sponsoring participatory integrated pest management trainings that were supposed to turn residents into productive and self‐reliant subjects. Instead, these trainings evoked subjects who claimed—through their resistance to certain aspects of the trainings—that they were dependent on and entitled to conventional forms of development aid from the mine. [participatory development, subjectivity, Indonesia, mining, environment]
“The world is a forest of symbols”: Italian Freemasonry and the practice of discretion
Authors: Mahmud Lilith 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTMembers of Italian Masonic lodges, esoteric organizations widely perceived as secret societies, prefer to explain their elaborate practices of concealment and disclosure in terms of discretion. Through the aesthetics and epistemology of discretion, Freemasons view the world as a “forest of symbols” hidden in plain sight and awaiting interpretation. Taking “discretion” as both an ethnographic and analytic category, I ask how an anthropological study of discretion may reveal not only forms of cultural practice deemed secret but also the interpretive art of decoding that underlies the process of knowledge formation at the heart of Masonic communities of practice. [discretion, secrecy, Freemasonry, Italy, secret societies, aesthetics, epistemology]
Drug‐Ceramic 2‐Dimensional Nanoassemblies for Drug Delivery System in Physiological Condition
Authors: Choi Goeun , Kim Su Yeon , Oh Jae‐Min , Choy Jin‐Ho 
Published: May 2012

The anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) was successfully incorporated into the layered ceramic nanoparticles of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The prepared MTX‐LDH two‐dimensional nanoassemblies showed enhanced chemical and thermal stability of intercalated MTX molecules through the effective electrostatic interaction with ceramic LDH layers. And the surface charge of MTX‐LDHs was determined to be highly positive whereas that of MTX is fairly negative. The anticancer effect of MTX‐LDH compared with MTX was evaluated in the human osteosarcoma cell culture line SaOS‐2, showing much faster drug efficacy with low concentration. The time‐dependent cellular uptake of MTX determined by high performance liquid chromatography showed the much enhanced cellular drug concentration of MTX‐LDH treated cancer cells than the MTX treated ones. The particle size of MTX‐LDH nanoassemblies was estimated in various solutions such as saline, phosphate saline, and RPMI 1640 cell culture medium, showing that the hydrodynamic size maintains at ~100 nm, regardless of the suspension media. The positive surface charge and ~100 nm size of MTX‐LDHs is considered to be the major factor in the high cellular uptake and enhanced drug efficacy.
Microemulsion‐Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of YBO3:Ce3+ Phosphors
Authors: Syu Jhen‐Rong , Kumar Sunil , Das Subrata , Lu Chung‐Hsin 
Published: May 2012

Monophasic YBO3:Ce3+ phosphors were successfully synthesized via microemulsion route with various volumetric ratios of water to oil (Ws). The phosphors had uniform size distribution on the nanometer scale with spherical morphology owing to confinement of the constituent cations by the aqueous micelles. As Ws was decreased from 0.1 to 0.025, the average size of the produced particles decreased from 189 to 90 nm due to reduced sizes of aqueous micelles. Upon 363 nm excitation, the phosphors exhibited strong and broad blue emission ranging from 375 to 520 nm, which arise from the 5d to 2F5/2 and 2F7/2 transitions of Ce3+ ions. The emission intensity declined with the decrease of particle size, and this result can be ascribed to the increment of surface defects in small particles. YBO3:Ce3+ phosphors, that were prepared with Ws = 0.1 at high calcination temperatures, exhibited high luminescent intensity due to less defects. The mechanisms of enhanced crystallinity and luminescence as a function of Ws and calcinations temperature were investigated in detail.
The impact of periodontal therapy on oral health‐related quality of life in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Shanbhag Siddharth , Dahiya Manu , Croucher Ray 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal disease negatively affects oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). While there is sufficient evidence for the clinical efficacy of periodontal therapy, data on patient‐based outcomes are limited.ObjectivesTo systematically review the available evidence on the impact of periodontal therapy on OHRQoL in adults.Material & Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and LILACS were searched without language restrictions. Longitudinal observational and intervention studies assessing changes in OHRQoL using validated measures, in adults with periodontal disease undergoing non‐surgical (NST) or surgical therapy (ST), were eligible for inclusion. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale and CONSORT‐checklist. No meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsEleven studies (seven prospective case‐series', one controlled before‐after study and three randomized controlled trials) of “medium” methodological quality were included in the review. All studies reported impaired OHRQoL before therapy. Nine studies reported a statistically significant improvement in OHRQoL after NST (follow‐up = 1 week to 12 months, p < 0.05). The effect size for this improvement ranged from small (0.27) to large (0.8). No significant differences were reported between different forms of NST. Surgical therapy had a relatively lower impact on OHRQoL. A correlation between poor clinical response to therapy and poor OHRQoL outcomes was observed.ConclusionRoutine non‐surgical therapy can moderately improve the OHRQoL in adults with periodontal disease.
Titanium alloy surface oxide modulates the conformation of adsorbed fibronectin to enhance its binding to α5β1 integrins in osteoblasts
Authors: Rapuano Bruce E. , Lee Jani J. E. , MacDonald Daniel E. 
Published: May 2012

Rapuano BE, Lee JJE, MacDonald DE. Titanium alloy surface oxide modulates the conformation of adsorbed fibronectin to enhance its binding to α5β1 integrins in osteoblasts.  Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 185–194. © 2012 Eur J Oral SciOur laboratory has previously demonstrated that heat (600°C) or radiofrequency plasma glow discharge (RFGD) pretreatment of a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) increased the net negative charge of the alloy's surface oxide and the attachment of osteoblastic cells to adsorbed fibronectin. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the biological mechanism by which these surface pretreatments enhance the capacity of fibronectin to stimulate osteoblastic cell attachment. Each pretreatment was found to increase the binding (measured by ELISA) of a monoclonal anti‐fibronectin Ig to the central integrin‐binding domain of adsorbed fibronectin, and to increase the antibody's inhibition of osteogenic cell attachment (measured by hexosaminidase assay). Pretreatments also increased the binding (measured by ELISA) of anti‐integrin IgG’s to the α5 and β1 integrin subunits that became attached to fibronectin during cell incubation. These findings suggest that negatively charged surface oxides of Ti6Al4V cause conformational changes in fibronectin that increase the availability of its integrin‐binding domain to α5β1 integrins.
The radio–far-infrared correlation in the faintest star-forming dwarf galaxies
Authors: Roychowdhury Sambit , Chengalur Jayaram N. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
We study the radio–far-infrared (FIR) correlation in a sample of faint dwarf irregular galaxies using NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) data for 1.4-GHz radio flux, Spitzer Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) 70-μm data for FIR flux and GALEX far-ultraviolet data to estimate the star formation rates (SFRs). Since our target galaxies are extremely faint, we stack images of many galaxies together to estimate the average radio and FIR fluxes. We find that for a given SFR both 70-μm and 1.4-GHz fluxes are low compared to the calibration for large spirals. None the less, the ratio of 70 μm to 1.4 GHz flux agrees within error bars with that seen for large galaxies. The radio–FIR correlation thus appears to be the result of a ‘conspiracy’. We use the SFR to estimate the non-thermal fraction of the 1.4-GHz radio emission and find it to be around 50 per cent, much smaller than the 90 per cent typical for spirals. We also estimate the equipartition magnetic field and find it to be ∼2 μG, about five times smaller than that typical for spirals.
The role of the nurse practitioner in the diagnosis and early management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Robertson Carolyn 
Published: May 2012

Abstract  Purpose: To review the early diagnosis and early effective treatment of type 2 diabetes and its role in reducing the risk of complications. This article discusses the diagnosis of T2D and the initial stages of disease management with oral monotherapy.Data sources: Extensive literature review of textbooks and clinical, medical, and nursing journals.Conclusions: There are clear evidence‐based recommendations for disease management in the early stages of T2D, with therapy focusing on implementation of lifestyle changes and use of pharmacologic monotherapy. A vital part of early T2D treatment is patient education, which can lay the foundation for treatment throughout the disease continuum. The lifestyle changes recommended for management of T2D can be difficult for patients to sustain, and treatment regimens are often complex.Implications for practice: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease, associated with a long‐term risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important that treatment is individualized, and that ongoing support is provided to maximize the possibility of achieving treatment goals. Current standards for T2D treatment are designed for a patient‐centered treatment approach managed by team of healthcare practitioners, in which the nurse practitioner (NP) is central.
Insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes: What are the treatment regimen options and how can we best help patients feel empowered?
Authors: Spollett Geralyn R. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract  Purpose: This article summarizes treatment regimens and issues involved in initiating insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Progressive deterioration of beta‐cell mass and function characterizes the course of T2D. Following diet and exercise, oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), and incretin therapies, many patients require insulin, but initiation is often delayed until complications develop.Data sources: Published guidelines for the management of T2D, primary and review articles, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prescribing information.Conclusions: The diabetes nurse practitioner should encourage patients to initiate insulin when appropriate; patients need to know that this represents a natural step in treatment, not a personal failing. Initiation often occurs when OADs no longer confer adequate glycemic control. Treatment regimens available include once‐daily basal insulin, sometimes with addition of prandial insulin, or premix/biphasic insulin. Insulin analogs confer less risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain, and greater dosing flexibility compared with conventional insulins. Insulin efficacy may be enhanced by continuing metformin and/or incretin therapies, while discontinuing other drugs as appropriate.Implications for practice: The well‐versed diabetes nurse practitioner assists the patient in selecting the most appropriate option for his/her specific needs. It is essential to help patients overcome barriers, including fears of injection pain, public embarrassment, and hypoglycemia risk.
Intensifying insulin treatment: Options, practical issues, and the role of the nurse practitioner
Authors: Kruger Davida F. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract  Purpose: Failure to achieve and maintain glycemic targets in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major clinical issue. Effectively combating the barriers that postpone timely intensification, and educating patients on available treatment options, are key roles of the nurse practitioner. This article summarizes practical considerations in the management of T2D at this stage.Data sources: Published guidelines for the management of T2D, primary and review articles, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prescribing information.Conclusions: In patients receiving insulin therapy not achieving targets despite dose titration, a change in insulin regimen may be necessary to achieve clinical targets while minimizing hypoglycemia and weight gain. Whichever strategy is initiated first must be tailored to the individual and include on‐going monitoring to manage both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. In addition to considerations of glycemic control, the timing and method of insulin intensification will depend on patient willingness, overall health status, meal patterns and routines, and risk of hypoglycemia. Common patient barriers to insulin intensification include regimen complexity and increased risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain.Implications for practice: Support and education on available treatment regimens are key to achieve a comfort level with intensifying insulin therapy that will lead to improved treatment adherence.