bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'effet dynamique des chocs d'offre et de demande agrégés
Authors: Legrand Romain 
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’Allemagne occupe en Europe une place singulière du fait d’avoir connu, sur la période post-1970, deux changements structurels majeurs : tout d’abord la réunification de la rfa et de la rda en 1990, puis l’entrée en vigueur de l’euro en janvier 1999. Cet article propose de dater de manière endogène la présence d’une ou plusieurs ruptures dans le processus dynamique joint du produit et du taux de chômage, et de tester formellement leur significativité. En suivant la méthodologie développée par Blanchard et Quah [1989], il identifie les contributions respectives des chocs d’offre et de demande agrégés, avant et après la rupture estimée. Cette étude empirique, menée sur des données postérieures à 1979, révèle : une rupture fortement significative située à la fin de l’année 1997, l’année de l’entrée en vigueur du Pacte de stabilité et de croissance ; une prédominance de la composante offre dans les fluctuations du produit pour la période précédant immédiatement la mise en place de l’euro ; cette prédominance reste vérifiée pour les deux variables après la rupture, à court terme pour le chômage et à moyen terme pour le produit.
Les revues d'excellence en économie et en gestion
Authors: Chatelain Jean-Bernard , Ralf Kirsten 
Published: February 2012

Résumé En 2008, l’Agence d’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur ( aeres ) a attribué sa meilleure note (A+) à 90 revues en économie et gestion parmi 684 revues. Cet article montre que 109 revues parmi les 594 (18 %) revues classées A, B ou C par l’ aeres ont des facteurs d’impact par leurs citations en 2008 issus du Social Science Citation Index supérieurs au facteur d’impact de la revue d’excellence classée A+ à plus faible facteur d’impact dans le même domaine. Environ un quart des revues classées A+ de l’ aeres pourraient être remplacées par d’autres revues classées A, B ou C si on prend en compte les facteurs d’impact. Ces discordances sont concentrées sur neuf des vingt domaines en économie et gestion définis par la liste de revues de la section 37 du cnrs .
Tcra Enhancer Activation by Inducible Transcription Factors Downstream of Pre-TCR Signaling
Authors: del Blanco Beatriz , García-Mariscal Alberto , Wiest David L. , Hernández-Munain Cristina 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The Tcra enhancer (Eα) is essential for pre-TCR–mediated activation of germline transcription and V(D)J recombination. Eα is considered an archetypical enhanceosome that acts through the functional synergy and cooperative binding of multiple transcription factors. Based on dimethylsulfate genomic footprinting experiments, there has been a long-standing paradox regarding Eα activation in the absence of differences in enhancer occupancy. Our data provide the molecular mechanism of Eα activation and an explanation of this paradox. We found that germline transcriptional activation of Tcra is dependent on constant phospholipase Cγ, as well as calcineurin- and MAPK/ERK-mediated signaling, indicating that inducible transcription factors are crucially involved. NFAT, AP-1, and early growth response factor 1, together with CREB-binding protein/p300 coactivators, bind to Eα as part of an active enhanceosome assembled during pre-TCR signaling. We favor a scenario in which the binding of lymphoid-restricted and constitutive transcription factors to Eα prior to its activation forms a regulatory scaffold to recruit factors induced by pre-TCR signaling. Thus, the combinatorial assembly of tissue- and signal-specific transcription factors dictates the Eα function. This mechanism for enhancer activation may represent a general paradigm in tissue-restricted and stimulus-responsive gene regulation.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Induces Transcriptional Activity of the Human Polymorphic hs1,2 Enhancer of the 3′Igh Regulatory Region
Authors: Fernando Tharu M. , Ochs Sharon D. , Liu Jing , Chambers-Turner Ruth C. , Sulentic Courtney E. W. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental toxicant known to inhibit Ab secretion and Ig expression. Inhibition of Ig expression may be partially mediated through repression of the 3′Igh regulatory region (3′IghRR). TCDD inhibits mouse 3′IghRR activation and induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding to dioxin response elements within the 3′IghRR enhancers hs1,2 and hs4. The human hs1,2 enhancer (hu-hs1,2) is polymorphic as the result of the presence of one to four invariant sequences (ISs), which have been correlated with several autoimmune diseases. The IS also contains a dioxin response element core motif. Therefore, the objective was to determine whether hu-hs1,2 activity is sensitive to TCDD. Using a mouse B cell line (CH12.LX), we compared the effects of TCDD on mouse hs1,2 versus hu-hs1,2 activity. TCDD inhibited mouse hs1,2 similarly to the mouse 3′IghRR. In contrast, hu-hs1,2 was activated by TCDD, and antagonist studies supported an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent activation, which was replicated in a human B cell line (IM-9). Absence of Pax5 binding sites is a major difference between the human and mouse hs1,2 sequence. Insertion of the high-affinity Pax5 site in hu-hs1,2 markedly blunted reporter activity but did not alter TCDD’s effect (i.e., no shift from activation to inhibition). Additionally, deletional analysis demonstrated a significant IS contribution to hu-hs1,2 basal activity, but TCDD-induced activity was not strictly IS number dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that hu-hs1,2 is a significant target of TCDD and support species differences in hs1,2 regulation. Therefore, sensitivity of hu-hs1,2 to chemical-induced modulation may influence the occurrence and/or severity of human diseases associated with hu-hs1,2.
Redundant and Antagonistic Functions of Galectin-1, -3, and -8 in the Elicitation of T Cell Responses
Authors: Tribulatti María Virginia , Figini María Gabriela , Carabelli Julieta , Cattaneo Valentina , Campetella Oscar 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGalectins, a family of mammalian lectins, have emerged as key regulators of the immune response. We previously demonstrated that galectin (Gal)-8, from the tandem-repeat subgroup, exerts two well-defined effects on mouse naive peripheral CD4 T cells: Ag-specific costimulation and Ag-independent proliferation. These stimulatory signals on naive T cells have not been described for any other Gal. Therefore, we investigated whether Gal-1 and Gal-3, two prominent members of the Gal family, share the stimulatory effects exerted by Gal-8 on naive T cells. We found that Gal-1 costimulated Ag-specific T cell responses similarly to Gal-8, as evaluated in the DO11.10 TCROVA-transgenic mouse model, by acting simultaneously on APCs and target CD4 T cells. In contrast, Gal-3 failed to costimulate Ag-specific T cell responses; moreover, it antagonized both Gal-1 and Gal-8 signals. We observed that both Gal-1 and Gal-3 were unable to induce Ag-independent proliferation; however, when two Gal-1 molecules were covalently fused, the resulting chimeric protein efficiently promoted proliferation. This finding indicates that Gal-1 might eventually induce proliferation and, moreover, stresses the requirement of a tandem-repeat structure. Remarkably, a single dose of recombinant Gal-1 or Gal-8 administered together with a suboptimal Ag dose to DO11.10 mice strengthened weak responses in vivo. Taken together, these findings argue for the participation of Gals in the initiation of the immune response and allow the postulation of these lectins as enhancers of borderline Ag responses, thus representing potential adjuvants for vaccine formulations.
Lymphotoxin β Receptor Activation on Macrophages Induces Cross-Tolerance to TLR4 and TLR9 Ligands
Authors: Wimmer Nadin , Huber Barbara , Barabas Nicola , Röhrl Johann , Pfeffer Klaus , Hehlgans Thomas 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) activation controls and downregulates inflammatory reactions. In this study, we report that LTβR activation on primary mouse macrophages results in induction of tripartite motif containing (TRIM) 30α, which negatively regulates NF-κB activation induced by TLR signaling. LTβR activation results in a downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine and mediator expression upon TLR restimulation, demonstrating that LTβR signaling is involved in the induction of TLR cross-tolerance. Specific knockdown experiments using TRIM30α-specific small interfering RNA abolished the LTβR-dependent induction of TRIM30α and LTβR-mediated TLR cross-tolerance. Concordantly, LTβR activation on bone marrow-derived macrophages induced cross-tolerance to TLR4 and TLR9 ligands in vitro. Furthermore, we have generated cell type-specific LTβR-deficient mice with ablation of LTβR expression on macrophages/neutrophils (LTβRflox/flox × LysM-Cre). In bone marrow-derived macrophages derived from these mice LTβR-induced cross-tolerance to TLR4 and TLR9 ligands was impaired. Additionally, mice with a conditional ablation of LTβR expression on macrophages (LTβRflox/flox × LysM-Cre) are resistant to LTβR-induced TLR4 tolerance in vivo. Collectively, our data indicate that LTβR activation on macrophages by T cell-derived lymphotoxin α1β2 controls proinflammatory responses by activation of a TRIM30α-controlled, counterregulatory signaling pathway to protect against exacerbating inflammatory reactions.
Gliomas and brain lymphomas in HIV-1/AIDS patients: reflections from a 20-year follow up in Mexico and Brazil
Authors: Cedeno-Laurent Filiberto , Trujillo J. Roberto 
Published: February 2012

Opportunistic infections and invasive primary tumors represent major causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected individuals. HIV-1 involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) affects nearly half of seropositive patients, being the primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) a hallmark neoplasia of this population. Interestingly, the incidence of other brain tumors (e.g. gliomas) is exceedingly rare in AIDS patients, and their co-morbidity has been limited to case reports. Here, we share our 20-year experience following brain tumors in HIV-1/AIDS patients from major referral hospitals in Mexico and Brazil. Additionally, we provide the most updated compilation of reported glioma cases in AIDS patients, with a thorough epidemiological analysis. Furthermore, we discuss HIV-1-driven mechanisms that would theoretically increase malignant transformation of glial cells; while offering newly reported explanations as to why protease inhibitors, key components of multi-drug anti-retroviral schemes, may be responsible for such a low co-incidence of gliomas in HIV-1 infected individuals.<p> </p>
Is There an Endothelial Cell Toxicity of Light-Adjustable Lens UVA Irradiation on the Human Corneal Endothelium?
Authors: Heinzelmann Sonja , Hengerer Fritz H. , Maier Philip , Böhringer Daniel , Dick H. Burkhard , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: February 2012

Purpose In cataract and refractive surgery, implantation of a light-adjustable lens (LAL) represents a promising method to noninvasively correct deviation from target refraction. In this method, UVA irradiation is used to induce controlled changes in the form and refraction of the lens. UVA irradiation is known to have a damaging effect on corneal tissue. So far, no studies about the toxicity of LAL treatment on the human corneal endothelium exist. We tested the effect of LAL treatment on human donor endothelium under organ culture conditions. Methods Two pairs of human donor corneas not suitable for transplantation but with good endothelial quality were exposed either to LAL treatment with a target refraction of the maximum adjustable profile for hyperopia with astigmatism (right corneas) or to the white light of the same slit lamp for identical time frames (left corneas). Development of endothelial cell number, morphology and percentage of necrosis was observed. After 6 weeks, histologic analysis was performed. Results Comparing morphology, cell count, percentage of necrosis, and histologic examination in vitro, no significant differences between right and left corneas could be detected. Conclusions The maximum dose of UVA irradiation used in LAL treatment was not detrimental for human corneal endothelium in vitro. Further in vivo studies and longer observation periods should be performed for ensuring the safety of LAL treatment as a routine procedure.
Controlling the Degree of Crystallinity and Preferred Crystallographic Orientation in Poly‐Perfluorodecylacrylate Thin Films by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Coclite Anna Maria , Shi Yujun , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPreferred crystallographic orientation (texture) in thin films of technologically important materials frequently has a strong effect on the properties of these films and is important for stable surface properties. The deposition of organized molecular films of a poly‐perfluorodecylacrylate, poly‐(1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyl acrylate) (p‐PFDA), by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is described. The tendency of p‐PFDA to crystallize in a smectic B phase has been reported in films prepared from solution but not for those using a CVD technique. The degree of crystallinity and the preferred orientation of the perfluoro side chains, either parallel or perpendicular to the surface, are controlled by tuning the CVD process parameters (i.e., initiator to monomer flow rate ratio, filament temperature, and substrate temperature). Films with no observable X‐ray diffraction patterns are also achieved. The observed differences in crystal texture strongly impact the observed water contact angles (150° to 130°, advancing) and corresponding hysteresis behavior. Low hysteresis (<7°) is associated with high crystallinity, particularly when the orientation of the crystallites resulted in the perfluoro side groups being oriented parallel to the surface. The latter texture resulted in smoother film than the texture with the chains oriented perpendicular to the surface and this can be very advantageous for applications in which relatively smooth but still crystalline films are needed.
Cyclization of 1,4‐Phenylenediacrylic Acid with Thionyl Chloride and Subsequent Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions Revisited. The Products are Benzo[1,2‐b;5,6‐b′]dithiophenes and not Benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophenes
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Reimann Sebastian , Wittler Kai , Ludwig Ralf , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe reaction of 1,4‐phenylenediacrylic acid with thionyl chloride was reinvestigated. In earlier reports [Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1980, 1172; Heterocycles 1995, 41, 2691; Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 2683] it was claimed that 3,7‐dichlorobenzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophenes were formed in these reactions. Herein, we provide unambiguous evidence that the assignment of these structures is wrong and that, in contrast, 3,6‐dichlorobenzo[1,2‐b;5,6‐b′]dithiophenes are formed. As a consequence, the structures of these parent molecules and of numerous aryl‐substituted derivatives prepared by Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions have to be revised. As many of these dithiophenes were reported to show interesting optical, thermal and electronic properties, the theoretical explanations for these properties have to be reconsidered in the light of the corrected structures reported herein. Our structural assignments are based on X‐ray crystal structure analyses of the parent molecules and on NMR spectroscopic studies of the first unsymmetrical derivatives. Besides, mechanistic investigations based on quantum chemical calculations have been carried out which support the formation of the 3,6‐dichlorobenzo[1,2‐b;5,6‐b′]dithiophene isomers.
Ene Reductase‐Catalysed Synthesis of (R)‐Profen Derivatives
Authors: Pietruszka Jörg , Schölzel Melanie 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEnantiomerically pure (R)‐profen derivatives and intermediates are synthesised utilising the enzyme YqjM, an ene reductase from Bacillus subtilis. After optimisation of the reaction conditions, the chemoenzymatic approach was applied for the first time in the synthesis of (R)‐flurbiprofen methyl ester.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Iodides with Malononitrile: An Unusual Cyano Group Transfer Process from C(sp3) to C(sp2)
Authors: Jiang Zhaoqiong , Huang Qing , Chen Si , Long Lasheng , Zhou Xiangge 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn unusual copper‐catalyzed cyanation of aryl iodides to form aryl nitriles by cyano group transfer from C(sp3) to C(sp2) carbon atoms is reported and proceeds to give yields of up to 86%.
Randomized comparison of self-fixating and sutured mesh in open inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Pierides G , Scheinin T , Remes V , Hermunen K , Vironen J 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Chronic groin pain after mesh repair of inguinal hernia has been attributed to the presence of sutures.

Methods
This randomized clinical trial compared inguinal hernia repair using a self-fixating composite mesh or a sutured lightweight mesh, with pain at 1 year as primary outcome. Patients completed a self-evaluation questionnaire at 2 weeks and were examined after 1 year.

Results
Some 198 patients received self-fixating mesh and 196 sutured mesh. There were no differences between the groups in mean pain scores measured on a visual analogue scale during 2 weeks of immediate convalescence or at 1 year. Chronic pain and discomfort was experienced by 36·3 per cent of patients in the self-fixating and 34·1 per cent in the sutured mesh group (P = 0·658), affecting the everyday life of 1·1 and 2·8 per cent respectively (P = 0·448).

Conclusion
Open inguinal hernia repair with a composite self-fixating mesh resulted in similar pain in the early postoperative convalescence period and at 1 year as repair with a sutured lightweight mesh. Registration number: NCT01026935 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Characterization of a Single Gene Cluster Responsible for Methylpendolmycin and Pendolmycin Biosynthesis in the Deep Sea Bacterium Marinactinospora thermotolerans
Authors: Ma Junying , Zuo Dianguang , Song Yongxiang , Wang Bo , Huang Hongbo , Yao Yueliang , Li Wenjun , Zhang Si , Zhang Changsheng , Ju Jianhua 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe nine‐membered indolactam antibiotics belong to a small group of antibiotics showing broad biological activities. However, the in vivo genetic engineering of compounds of this type has not been performed. Here we report the identification of a single gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of methylpendolmycin and pendolmycin, two members of this family of antibiotics, from the deep sea bacterium Marinactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO 00652. Bioinformatics analysis and gene inactivation, coupled with metabolite characterization, reveal that MpnB, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, MpnC, a cytochrome P450, and MpnD, a prenyltransferase, are sufficient to catalyze the biosynthesis of the two antibiotics from L‐Ile (or L‐Val), L‐Trp, and methionine. MpnD is the first identified enzyme that transfers a C5 prenyl unit in a reverse manner to the C‐7 position of a Trp‐derived natural product.
Mechanism of PtIV Sonochemical Reduction in Formic Acid Media and Pure Water
Authors: Chave Tony , Navarro Nathalie M. , Nitsche Serge , Nikitenko Sergey I. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSonochemical synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) in formic acid solutions and pure water was investigated using a 20 kHz ultrasonic irradiation. The obtained results gave new insights on the underneath PtIV reduction mechanism in formic acid media under argon and in pure water under Ar/CO atmosphere. It was shown that in pure water sonochemical reduction of platinum ions occurs by hydrogen issued from homolytic water molecule split. PtIV ion reduction appears to be a very slow process under argon atmosphere in pure water due to formation of oxidizing species like OH radicals and H2O2 leading to reoxidation of intermediate PtII ions. Sonochemical reduction is accelerated manifold in the presence of formic acid or Ar/CO gas mixture. Solution and gas‐phase analyses reveal that both CO and HCOOH act as OH. radical scavenger and reducing agent under ultrasonic irradiation. Their ability to reduce platinum ions at room temperature is enhanced due to the local heating in the liquid shell surround the cavitation bubble. An innovative synthesis route for monodispersed Pt NPs in pure water without any templates or capping agents in the presence of Ar/CO gas mixture is then proposed. Obtained Pt NPs within the range of 2–3 nm exhibited a strong stability towards sedimentation in water. Since Ar/CO atmosphere is the only restriction of the process, this procedure can be applied in various media and is also compatible with a large array of experimental conditions.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Based on Efficient Energy and Electron Transfers in Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Multibranched‐Porphyrin‐Functionalized Platinum Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhu Mingshan , Dong Yupei , Du Yukou , Mou Zhigang , Liu Jian , Yang Ping , Wang Xiaomei 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwo donor–bridge–acceptor conjugates (5,10,15,20‐tetrakis[4‐(N,N‐diphenylaminobenzoate)phenyl] porphyrin (TPPZ) and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis[4‐(N,N‐diphenylaminostyryl)phenyl] porphyrin (TPPX)) were covalently linked to triphenylamine (TPA) at the meso‐position of porphyrin ring. The triphenylamine entities were expected to act as energy donors and the porphyrins to act as an energy acceptor. In this paper, we report on the synthesis of these multibranched‐porphyrin‐functionalized Pt nanocomposites. The conjugates used here not only served as a stabilizer to prevent agglomeration of Pt nanoparticles, but also as a light‐harvesting photosensitizer. The occurrence of photoinduced electron‐transfer processes was confirmed by time‐resolved fluorescence and photoelectrochemical spectral measurements. The different efficiencies for energy and electron transfer in the two multibranched porphyrins and the functionalized Pt nanocomposites were attributed to diverse covalent linkages. Moreover, in the reduction of water to produce H2, the photocatalytic activity of the Pt nanocomposite functionalized by TPPX, in which the triphenylamine and porphyrin moieties are bonded through an ethylene bridge, was much higher than that of the platinum nanocomposite functionalized by TPPZ, in which the two moieties are bonded through an ester. This investigation demonstrates the fundamental advantages of constructing donor–bridge–acceptor conjugates as highly efficient photosensitizers based on efficient energy and electron transfer.
The More Gold—The More Enantioselective: Cyclohydroaminations of γ‐Allenyl Sulfonamides with Mono‐, Bis‐, and Trisphospholane Gold(I) Catalysts
Authors: Rodríguez Lara‐Isabel , Roth Torsten , Lloret Fillol Julio , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA series of chiral mono‐, di‐, and trinuclear gold(I) complexes have been prepared and used as precatalysts in the asymmetric cyclohydroamination of N‐protected γ‐allenyl sulfonamides. The stereodirecting ligands were mono‐, di‐, and tridentate 2,5‐diphenylphospholanes, which possessed C1, C2, and C3 symmetry, respectively, thereby rendering the catalytic sites in the di‐ and trinuclear complexes symmetry equivalent. The C3‐symmetric trinuclear complex displayed the highest activity and enantioselectivity (up to 95 % ee), whilst its mono‐ and dinuclear counterparts exhibited considerably lower enantioselectivities and activities. A similar trend was observed in a series of mono‐, di‐, and trinuclear 2,5‐dimethylphospholane gold(I) complexes. Aurophilic interactions were established from the solid‐state structures of the trinuclear gold(I) complexes, thereby raising the question as to whether these secondary forces were responsible for the different catalytic behavior observed.