bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lip replantation and delayed inset after a dog bite: A case report and literature review
Authors: Taylor Helena O. B. , Andrews Brian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDog bites to the face are common in children and often involve amputation of the lip or cheek resulting in a devastating facial injury. When feasible, replantation of the amputated lip segment provides the optimal cosmetic outcome. Here, we present the case of a partial upper lip replantation with delayed inset as a new treatment option. Revascularization of the central upper lip segment was enabled by anastomosis to a single labial artery. Inset compression at the time of initial closure caused arterial insufficiency. Therefore, a delayed, sequential inset was performed over the following 2 weeks resulting in an esthetically and functionally successful replantation. A comprehensive review of the literature on published lip replantation techniques is also provided and discussed. We add delayed inset to the armamentarium of the microsurgeon when faced with these difficult injuries. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
A second‐order optimization algorithm using quadric control updates for multistage optimal control problems
Authors: Patel Prashant , Scheeres Daniel J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a trajectory optimization algorithm that generates a quadric control update, which satisfies the constraints and necessary conditions to the second order. The algorithm is designed to solve multistage optimization problems. The algorithm is tested against a commercially available Sequential Quadratic Programming algorithm on problems with linear dynamics and linear and nonlinear constraints. This algorithm is a departure from previous methods because it explicitly satisfies the constraints to the second order. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic advertising with spillovers: Cartel vs competitive fringe
Authors: Lambertini Luca , Palestini Arsen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA differential oligopoly game with advertising is investigated, where different dynamics occur between two groups of agents, the former playing a competitive Nash game and the latter cooperating as a cartel. Sufficient conditions for stability and a qualitative analysis of the profit ratio and social welfare at equilibrium are provided. A threshold value for the size of the competitive fringe is pointed out by a suitable numerical simulation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced expression and novel splice variants of ING4 in human gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Ming , Jin Yan , Sun Wen‐jing , Yu Yang , Bai Jing , Tong Dan‐dan , Qi Ji‐ping , Du Jin‐rong , Geng Jing‐shu , Huang Qi , Huang Xiao‐yi , Huang Yun , Han Fei‐fei , Meng Xiang‐ning , Rosales Jesusa L , Lee Ki‐Young , Fu Song‐bin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractING4, a new member of the ING (inhibitor of growth) family of tumour suppressor genes, has been found to be deleted or down‐regulated in gliomas, breast tumours, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether the expression and alternative splicing of ING4 transcripts are involved in the initiation and progression of stomach adenocarcinoma. ING4 mRNA and protein expression was examined in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines by RT‐PCR, real‐time RT‐PCR, tissue microarray immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis. Alterations in ING4 transcripts were determined through sequence analysis of ING4 cDNA. Our data showed that ING4 mRNA and protein were dramatically reduced in stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines and tissues, and significantly less in female than in male patients. We also found that reduced ING4 mRNA expression correlated with the stage of the tumour. Interestingly, by sequence analysis, we discovered five novel aberrantly spliced variant forms of ING4_v1 and ING4_v2. These variants cause a codon frame‐shift and, eventually, deletion of the NLS or PHD domain contributing to the mislocalization of p53 and/or HAT/HDAC complexes and, subsequently, altered gene expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that attenuated and aberrant ING4 expression may be involved in the initiation and progression of stomach adenocarcinoma. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel poly(phenylene ethynylene)‐type conjugated polymers containing diketopyrrolopyrrole or triphenylpyrazoline units in the main chain: synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Liu Kuan , Li Yang , Yang Mujie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Polymer‐based light emitting diodes (PLEDs) have received considerable attention as they combine the good mechanical and processing properties of polymers with semiconducting behavior, and can be easily fabricated as flexible devices. To obtain high‐performance PLED materials by balancing the carrier injection of poly(phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs), polymers containing two aryl‐heterocyclic rings, namely diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) or triphenylpyrazoline (TPP), have been synthesized and investigated.RESULTS: PPE‐type polymers containing DPP or TPP units were synthesized using Heck–Sonogashira coupling methodology and characterized by 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared and UV‐visible spectroscopies, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, photoluminescence (PL), X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetic analysis and cyclic voltammetry. The polymers obtained are easily soluble in common solvents and form smooth and uniform films. They are yellow or red emitters as revealed by PL. In addition, they show large Stokes shifts, which is in agreement with their twisted molecular structures determined via quantum chemical calculations.CONCLUSION: PPE‐type polymers containing DPP or TPP units were successfully synthesized by coupling polymerization. They exhibit band gaps of 1.73 and 2.37 eV, respectively, and show potential as PLED materials. In addition, DPP‐containing polymers with a very low band gap could be applied as potential photovoltaic materials. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of Lewis base coordination on boryl radical reactivity: investigation using laser flash photolysis and kinetic ESR
Authors: Lalevée Jacques , Blanchard Nicolas , Chany Anne‐Caroline , Tehfe Mohamad‐Ali , Allonas Xavier , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effect of Lewis base coordination on boryl radical reactivity (L→BH where L is triethylamine, 2‐picoline, 4‐dimethylaminopyridine, quinoline and diphenyl phosphine) is examined. Direct detection of the different boryl radicals, their transient absorption spectra, their interaction with double or triple bonds, oxygen, oxidizing agent, alkyl halides and their hydrogen lability have been studied using laser flash photolysis (LFP), kinetic ESR (KESR), ESR spin trapping and MO calculations. For example, a strong decrease of both the bond dissociation energy (BDE)(BH) (33.8 kcal mol−1) and the addition rate constant to MA (1300 105 to >105 M−1 s−1) was noted when going from the triethylamine borane to the quinoline borane complex, in line with the spin delocalization (1.04 vs. 0.19). These structures are also proposed as new highly efficient co‐initiators for the acrylate photopolymerization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of substitution of oxygen by sulfur on maltol properties
Authors: Bolechała Krzysztof , Zborowski Krzysztof K. , Żuchowski Grzegorz , Proniewicz Leonard M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractReplacing oxygen by sulfur in a maltol molecule generates a family of new very interesting ligands: thiohydroxypyrones. In this work, theoretical calculations have been performed for all possible maltol derivatives created by consecutive substitutions of oxygen atoms by sulfur. The study is focused on molecular properties of thioligands, which are important for the formation of their metal complexes and potentially useful in medicinal and environmental chemistry. Energetic, tautomeric, aromatic, and charge distribution data are reported and the results are compared with maltol properties. It is shown that, similar to maltol, the most stable tautomer for all thio derivatives, is the one with the keto‐enol group. The protonation in cations occurs always on the heteroatom of the (thio)ketone group. The study has been carried out with the aid of some aromaticity indices, such as HOMA, NICS, and ASE. Aromaticity is studied in the heterocyclic pyran ring and in the XCCX part (where X – oxygen or sulfur). All calculations were performed at the B1LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. We conclude that the aromaticity order determined previously for maltol (cation > neutral molecule > anion) is also preserved for thiohydroxopyrones. The results of the population analysis indicate that upon protonation, a large portion of additional positive charge delocalizes on the entire molecule, whereas upon deprotonation, negative charge accumulates mainly on the heteroatoms of the XCCX group. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant effects of phenothiazine, phenoxazine, and iminostilbene on free‐radical‐induced oxidation of linoleic acid and DNA
Authors: Liu Zai‐Qun , Tang You‐Zhi , Wu Di 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAntioxidant effects of phenothiazine (PtzNH), phenoxazine (PozNH), and iminostilbene (IsbNH) on the oxidation of linoleic acid (LH) and DNA induced by 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) were investigated in this work. LH was suspended in the liposome of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) to mimic a biomembrane. In the course of AAPH‐induced oxidation of LH, the inhibition period (tinh) generated by PtzNH, PozNH, and IsbNH was proportional to the concentrations of PtzNH, PozNH, and IsbNH employed. The abilities of PtzNH, PozNH, and IsbNH to protect LH were similar to that of trolox (6‐hydroxyl‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid). Quantum chemical calculations elucidated that the nonplanar configurations of PtzNH, PozNH, and IsbNH transformed to planar ones when they were converted into radicals. In addition, spin‐densities (SDs) on the N atom in the radicals derived from PtzNH, PozNH, and IsbNH were calculated. The N atom in the radical of PtzNH possessed the lowest SD, indicating that the radical of PtzNH was the most stable one. Moreover, PtzNH, PozNH, and IsbNH were applied to protect the DNA against AAPH‐induced oxidation, in which PozNH and IsbNH were able to generate tinh. The tinh generated from PozNH and IsbNH was also proportional to their concentrations. The antioxidant effect of PozNH on the oxidation of DNA was higher than that of IsbNH. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterocyclic analogs of phenol as novel potential antioxidants
Authors: Shi Jing , Liang Shuang , Feng Ye‐Su , Wang Hua‐Jing , Guo Qing‐Xiang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFive density functional theory (DFT) methods including B3LYP, B3PW91, MPW1K, MPWB, TPSS1KCIS have been evaluated by comparing with the experimental OH bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of substituted phenols. B3PW91 is found to be the best method, for which the calculation error was 3.62 kJ/mol. Subsequently, the BDEs (OH) of hydroxyl groups on five‐ and six‐membered heteroatomic aromatic rings have been calculated using the (RO)B3PW91/6‐311++G(2df,2p)//(U)B3LYP/6‐311g(d,p) procedure. In addition, the ionization energy (IE) and proton affinity [PA(O−)] of these compounds have also been examined. On the basis of our theoretical study, a series of imidazolols, thiazolols, and oxazolols were studied to assess their antioxidant activities. It was found that 5‐oxazolol could be a promising novel antioxidant precursor. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher pulmonary dead space may predict prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Ong Thida , Stuart‐Killion Regan B. , Daniel Brian M. , Presnell Laura B. , Zhuo Hanjing , Matthay Michael A. , Liu Kathleen D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChildren undergoing congenital heart surgery are at risk for prolonged mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay. We investigated the prognostic value of pulmonary dead space fraction as a non‐invasive, physiologic marker in this population. In a prospective, cross‐sectional study, we measured pulmonary dead space fraction in 52 intubated, pediatric patients within 24 hr postoperative from congenital heart surgery. Measurements were obtained with a bedside, non‐invasive cardiac output (NICO) monitor (Respironics Novametrix, Inc., Wallingford, CT). Median pulmonary dead space fraction was 0.46 (25–75% IQR 0.34–0.55). Pulmonary dead space fraction significantly correlated with duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in the entire cohort (rs = 0.51, P = 0.0002; rs = 0.51, P = 0.0002) and in the subset of patients without residual intracardiac shunting (rs = 0.45, P = 0.008; rs = 0.49, P = 0.004). In a multivariable logistic regression model, pulmonary dead space fraction remained an independent predictor for prolonged mechanical ventilation in the presence of cardiopulmonary bypass time and ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.14–4.38; P = 0.02). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for this model was 0.91. Elevated pulmonary dead space fraction is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and hospital stay in pediatric patients who undergo surgery for congenital heart disease and has additive predictive value in identifying those at risk for longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary dead space may be a useful prognostic tool for clinicians in patients who undergo congenital heart surgery. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:457–463. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early oxygen uptake recovery following exercise testing in children with chronic chest diseases
Authors: Stevens D. , Oades P.J. , Armstrong N. , Williams C.A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe value of exercise testing as an objective measure of disease severity in patients with chronic chest diseases (CCD) is becoming increasingly recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in oxygen uptake $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ during early recovery following maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPXT) in relation to functional capacity and markers of disease severity. Twenty‐seven children with CCD (age 12.7 ± 3.1 years; 17 female) [19 children with Cystic fibrosis (CF) (age 13.4 ± 3.1 years; 10 female) and 8 with other stable non‐CF chest diseases (NON‐CF) (age 11.1 ± 2.2 years; 7 female)] and 27 healthy controls (age 13.2 ± 3.3 years; 17 female) underwent CPXT on a cycle ergometer. On‐line respiratory gas analysis measured $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ before and during CPXT to peak $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$peak, and during the first 10 min of recovery. Early $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ recovery was quantified by the time (sec) to reach 50% of the $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ peak value. Early $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ recovery was correlated against spirometry [forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF25–75)] and aerobic fitness $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$peak as a measure of functional capacity. Disease severity was graded in the CF patients by the Shwachman score (SS). Compared to controls, children with CCD demonstrated a significantly reduced $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$peak (P = 0.011), FEV1 (P < 0.001), FEF25–75 (P < 0.001), and a significantly prolonged early $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ recovery (P = 0.024). In the CF patients the SS was significantly correlated with early $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ recovery (r = −0.63, P = 0.004), FEV1 (r = 0.72, P = 0.001), and FEF25–75 (r = 0.57, P = 0.011). In the children with CCD, FEV1, FEF25–75, and BMI were not significantly correlated with $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$peak or early $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ recovery. Lung function does not necessarily reflect aerobic fitness and the ability to recover from exercise in these patients. A significant relationship was found between $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$peak and early $({\buildrel {.} \over {\rm V}}{\rm O}_2)$ recovery (r = −0.39, P = 0.044) in the children with CCD, showing that a greater aerobic fitness corresponded with a faster recovery. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:480–488. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of lower airway inflammation with physiologic findings in young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Peterson‐Carmichael Stacey L. , Harris William T. , Goel Ruchika , Noah Terry L. , Johnson Robin , Leigh Margaret W. , Davis Stephanie D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between lower airway markers of inflammation and infection with physiologic findings is poorly understood in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The goal of this study was to evaluate the association of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) markers of infection and inflammation, including mediators linked to airway remodeling, to infant lung function values in young children with CF undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy.MethodsPlethysmography and the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC) technique were performed in 16 sedated infants and young children with CF prior to bronchoscopy. BALF was collected and analyzed for pathogen density, cell count, % neutrophils, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8).ResultsThere was a significant direct correlation between functional residual capacity (FRC), the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC) and FRC/TLC with % neutrophils (P < 0.05). Forced expiratory flows were inversely correlated to % neutrophils (P < 0.01). Lung function parameters did not differentiate those with and without lower airway infection; however, pathogen density directly correlated with FRC and inversely correlated with flows (P < 0.05). In a subset of the population, MMP‐2 directly correlated with RV/TLC and inversely correlated with flows (P < 0.05) and TGF‐β1 directly correlated with FRC (P < 0.05).ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that lower airway inflammation as well as mediators linked to airway remodeling play an active role in pulmonary deterioration in CF infants and young children undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:503–511. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Update on the quantum properties of the supermembrane
Authors: Garcia del Moral M.P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this note we summarize some of the quantum properties found since the early 80's until nowdays that characterize at quantum level the spectrum of the supermembrane. In particular we will focus on a topological sector of the 11D supermembrane that, contrary to the general case, has a purely discrete spectrum at supersymmetric level. This construction has been consistently implemented in different types of backgrounds: toroidal and orbifold‐type with G2 structure able to lead to a true G2 compactification manifold. This theory has N = 1 supersymmetries in 4D. comment on the relevant points of this construction as well as on its spectral characteristics. We will also make some comments on the quantum properties of some effective formulation of multiple M2's theories recently found.
From twists and shifts to L‐R asymmetric D‐branes
Authors: Bianchi M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn the first part of the talk, we discuss non‐geometric twists and shifts and briefly review asymmetric orbifolds and free fermion constructions. These allow us to build Type IIB models with 𝒩 = 1L + 1R and 𝒩 = 1L + 0R models having few or no moduli. We then consider unoriented projections of the former and (‘exotic’) D‐branes in the latter. In the second part, devoted to L‐R asymmetric D‐branes, we review how extended supergravity vacua in D = 4 can be embedded in Type II superstrings. We then identify bound states of D‐branes with residual susy and non‐trivial R‐R couplings. We discuss the 𝒩 = 6 = 2L + 4R case in detail and sketch other extended susy cases. Finally we describe the resulting open string excitations. We conclude with some speculations and possible interesting developments.
UV laser modification and selective ion‐beam etching of amorphous vanadium pentoxide thin films
Authors: Cheremisin Alexander , Putrolaynen Vadim , Velichko Andrey , Pergament Alexander , Kuldin Nikolay , Grishin Alexander 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present the results on excimer laser modification and patterning of amorphous vanadium pentoxide films. Wet positive resist‐type and Ar ion‐beam negative resist‐type etching techniques were employed to develop UV‐modified films. V2O5 films were found to possess sufficient resistivity compared to standard electronic materials thus to be promising masks for sub‐micron lithography. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of a conductive CaRuO3 bottom electrode for ferroelectric BaTiO3 films on a Si substrate
Authors: Paik Hanjong , Hong Jongin , Jang Yong‐oon , Park Yun Chang , Lee Jeong Yong , Song Hanwook , No Kwangsoo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA capacitor of Pt/BaTiO3/CaRuO3 (Pt/BTO/CRO) was successfully prepared on a Si substrate by using radio‐frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The preferentially (110)‐oriented CRO bottom electrode enabled us to obtain highly oriented BTO thin film on the Si substrate. Local epitaxy between BTO and CRO was clearly confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis. The clear interface between CRO and BTO without any Si diffusion and silicate formation was determined by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The polarization value (2Pr) of 6 μC/cm2, the coercive field (2|Ec|) of 61 kV/cm and the stable current density of 1 × 10–8 A/cm2 around 2100 kV/cm electric field were obtained. Its tunability on CRO was reached up to 0.52 with a loss tangent less than 0.09 at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study on the photoluminescence of Cr3+ and doping mechanism in F– codoped PbWO4 single crystal
Authors: Li Weifeng , Long Yumei , Feng Xiqi , Zhao Jingtai 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe influence of Cr3+ and F– codoping on the defect structures in PbWO4 crystal is investigated by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and consequently a doping mechanism is proposed that the Cr3+ ions predominantly occupy the W6+ sites due to the help of F–. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of PWO:Cr,F demonstrates in addition to the intrinsic luminescence from the PbWO4 crystal, a new sharp emission band at 15500 cm–1 can be observed even at room temperature and it may originate from the spin‐forbidden 2E → 4A2 radiation of Cr3+ in a strong crystal field. It suggests that the F– codoping makes a large contribution to the 2E → 4A2 luminescence of Cr3+ in the scheelite‐structural PWO single crystal. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)