bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of genetic association studies on bipolar disorder
Authors: Seifuddin Fayaz , Mahon Pamela Belmonte , Judy Jennifer , Pirooznia Mehdi , Jancic Dubravka , Taylor Jacob , Goes Fernando S. , Potash James B. , Zandi Peter P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNumerous candidate gene association studies of bipolar disorder (BP) have been carried out, but the results have been inconsistent. Individual studies are typically underpowered to detect associations with genes of small effect sizes. We conducted a meta‐analysis of published candidate gene studies to evaluate the cumulative evidence. We systematically searched for all published candidate gene association studies of BP. We then carried out a random‐effects meta‐analysis on all polymorphisms that were reported on by three or more case–control studies. The results from meta‐analyses of these genes were compared with the findings from a recent mega‐analysis of eleven genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) in BP performed by the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium (PGC). A total of 487 articles were included in our review. Among these, 33 polymorphisms in 18 genes were reported on by three or more case–control studies and included in the random‐effects meta‐analysis. Polymorphisms in BDNF, DRD4, DAOA, and TPH1, were found to be nominally significant with a P‐value < 0.05. However, none of the findings were significant after correction for multiple testing. Moreover, none of these polymorphisms were nominally significant in the PGC‐BP GWAS. A number of plausible candidate genes have been previously associated with BP. However, the lack of robust findings in our review of these candidate genes highlights the need for more atheoretical approaches to study the genetics of BP afforded by GWAS. The results of this meta‐analysis and from other on‐going genomic experiments in BP are available online at Metamoodics (http://metamoodics.igm.jhmi.edu). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Loss of ERLIN2 function leads to juvenile primary lateral sclerosis
Authors: Al‐Saif Amr , Bohlega Saeed , Al‐Mohanna Futwan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a motor neuron disorder that exclusively affects upper motor neurons leading to their degeneration. Mutations in the ALS2 gene encoding the protein Alsin have been described previously in the juvenile form of the disease. In this study, we identify mutation of the ERLIN2 gene in juvenile PLS patients and describe an in vitro model for loss of ERLIN2 function.Methods:Single nucleotide polymorphism arrays were used for homozygosity mapping. DNA sequencing of candidate genes was used to detect the underlying mutation. Level of ERLIN2 mRNA was measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Knocking down ERLIN2 in NSC34 cells was accomplished by short‐hairpin RNA interference.Results:We identified a splice junction mutation in the ERLIN2 gene—a component of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lipid rafts—that resulted in abnormal splicing of ERLIN2 transcript and nonsense‐mediated decay of ERLIN2 mRNA. Knocking down ERLIN2 in NSC34 cells suppressed their growth in culture.Interpretation:Recently, we found that mutation of SIGMAR1, a component of ER lipid rafts, leads to juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The identification of mutation in another component of the ER lipid rafts in juvenile PLS patients emphasizes their role in motor neuron function. Furthermore, the discovered effect of ERLIN2 loss on cell growth may advance understanding of the mechanism behind motor neuron degeneration in PLS. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:510–516
Alzheimer disease family history impacts resting state functional connectivity
Authors: Wang Liang , Roe Catherine M. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Brier Matthew R. , Thomas Jewell B. , Xiong Chengjie , Benzinger Tammie L. , Morris John C. , Ances Beau M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:Offspring whose parents have Alzheimer disease (AD) are at increased risk for developing dementia. Patients with AD typically exhibit disruptions in the default mode network (DMN). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a family history of late onset AD on DMN integrity in cognitively normal individuals. In particular, we determined whether a family history effect is detectable in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele noncarriers.Methods:We studied a cohort of 348 cognitively normal participants with or without family history of late onset AD. DMN integrity was assessed by resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging.Results:A family history of late onset AD was associated with reduced resting state functional connectivity between particular nodes of the DMN, namely the posterior cingulate and medial temporal cortex. The observed functional connectivity reduction was not attributable to medial temporal structural atrophy. Importantly, we detected a family history effect on DMN functional connectivity in APOE ε4 allele noncarriers.Interpretation:Unknown genetic factors, embodied in a family history of late onset AD, may affect DMN integrity prior to cognitive impairment. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:571–577
Palladiumkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen: eine historische Perspektive im Kontext der Nobel‐Preise 2010
Authors: Johansson Seechurn Carin C. C. , Kitching Matthew O. , Colacot Thomas J. , Snieckus Victor 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIm Jahr 2010 wurden Richard Heck, Ei‐ichi Negishi und Akira Suzuki in den illustren Kreis der Chemie‐Nobelpreisträger aufgenommen. Begründet wurde diese Auszeichnung mit ihrer Rolle bei der Entdeckung und Entwicklung von praktischen Methoden zur C‐C‐Bindungsbildung. Ausgelöst durch ihre Beiträge über höchst nützliche palladiumkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen, hat sich seit den frühen 1970er Jahren die Auswahl an verfügbaren Strategien und Methoden in der modernen organischen Synthese grundlegend verändert – sowohl für Chemiker an Hochschulen wie auch in der Industrie. Dieser Aufsatz vollzieht die historische Entwicklung dieser leistungsstarken Reaktionen nach: von den bahnbrechenden Entdeckungen bis hin zu den Kreuzkupplungsverfahren, die heute in der Synthese angewendet und hoch geschätzt werden.
Molekülverbände von Perylenbisimid‐Farbstoffen in Wasser
Authors: Görl Daniel , Zhang Xin , Würthner Frank 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPerylenbisimide zählen zu den bedeutendsten funktionellen Farbstoffen mit vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Aufgrund ihrer chemischen Robustheit, Photostabilität und herausragenden optischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften wurden sie als Pigmentfarbstoffe, Fluoreszenzsonden sowie n‐Halbleiter in der organischen Elektronik und Photovoltaik eingesetzt. Das ausgedehnte quadrupolare π‐System dieser Farbstoffklasse ermöglichte außerdem die Herstellung zahlreicher supramolekularer Architekturen mit faszinierenden photophysikalischen Eigenschaften. Jedoch blieb der supramolekulare Ansatz zur Bildung von Perylenbisimid‐Molekülverbänden größtenteils organischen Medien vorbehalten. Erfreulicherweise gab es in den letzten Jahren beachtliche Bemühungen zur Entwicklung von wasserlöslichen Perylenbisimiden und deren Anwendungen in wässrigen Medien. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über die Selbstorganisation von Perylenbisimiden durch π‐π‐Wechselwirkung im wässrigen Medium. Synthetische Strategien zur Herstellung von wasserlöslichen Perylenbisimiden und der Einfluss des Wassers auf die π‐π‐Stapelung von Perylenbisimiden, sowie daraus resultierende Anwendungen werden eingehend diskutiert.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling: A Historical Contextual Perspective to the 2010 Nobel Prize
Authors: Johansson Seechurn Carin C. C. , Kitching Matthew O. , Colacot Thomas J. , Snieckus Victor 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn 2010, Richard Heck, Ei‐ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki joined the prestigious circle of Nobel Laureate chemists for their roles in discovering and developing highly practical methodologies for CC bond construction. From their original contributions in the early 1970s the landscape of the strategies and methods of organic synthesis irreversibly changed for the modern chemist, both in academia and in industry. In this Review, we attempt to trace the historical origin of these powerful reactions, and outline the developments from the seminal discoveries leading to their eminent position as appreciated and applied today.
Molecular Assemblies of Perylene Bisimide Dyes in Water
Authors: Görl Daniel , Zhang Xin , Würthner Frank 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPerylene bisimides are among the most valuable functional dyes and have numerous potential applications. As a result of their chemical robustness, photostability, and outstanding optical and electronic properties, these dyes have been applied as pigments, fluorescence sensors, and n‐semiconductors in organic electronics and photovoltaics. Moreover, the extended quadrupolar π system of this class of dyes has facilitated the construction of numerous supramolecular architectures with fascinating photophysical properties. However, the supramolecular approach to the formation of perylene bisimide aggregates has been restricted mostly to organic media. Pleasingly, considerable progress has been made in the last few years in developing water‐soluble perylene bisimides and their application in aqueous media. This Review provides an up‐to‐date overview on the self‐assembly of perylene bisimides through π–π interactions in aqueous media. Synthetic strategies for the preparation of water‐soluble perylene bisimides and the influence of water on the π–π stacking of perylene bisimides as well as the resulting applications are discussed.
Adsorption characteristics of tannic acid onto the novel protonated palygorskite/chitosan resin microspheres
Authors: Wu Jie , Chen Jing 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNovel protonated palygorskite/chitosan resin microspheres (p‐PCRM) were prepared and applied as adsorbents for the removal of tannic acid (TA) from aqueous solution. The effects of palygorskite (PAL) content, the initial pH value of the TA solution, and contact time and temperature on adsorption capacity of the microspheres were investigated. The adsorption process was found to be pH dependant with an optimum activity at pH 8.0. In comparison with protonated chitosan microspheres (224 mg g−1), the p‐PCRM with 20 wt % PAL content exhibited higher adsorption capacity (455 mg g−1) for TA at the same adsorption conditions. This may be attributed to the hydrogen bonding between adsorbents and adsorbates, and the porous structure formed by the introduction of PAL, which were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and the pore parameters analysis. The study of adsorption kinetics and isotherms showed that the sorption processes were better fitted by pseudo‐second‐order equation and the Langmuir equation, respectively. Furthermore, the desorption study implied that the p‐PCRM were recyclable when 0.1M HCl was used as eluents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of the sol fraction and hydrostatic deformation on the viscoelastic behavior of prestrained highly filled elastomers
Authors: Azoug A. , Constantinescu A. , Pradeilles‐Duval R. M. , Vallat M. F. , Nevière R. , Haidar B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study focuses on the relations between the microstructure and the viscoelastic behavior of an industrial solid propellant belonging to the class of highly filled elastomers. Precisely, the study aims at determining the impact on the viscoelastic behavior of the presence of the sol fraction inside the polymer network. The sol fraction is the part of the binder that a good solvent can extract. The solid propellant is swollen to various extents by solutions of plasticizer and polymer molecules. This swelling leads to a hydrostatic deformation of the polymer network, corresponding to an extension or contraction loading for each specimen. Prestrained dynamic mechanical analysis tests, superimposing a small oscillating strain on a prestrain, characterize the viscoelastic behavior. The degree of swelling of the network and the effective filler fraction drive the viscoelastic response. In addition, the mechanical behavior does not depend on the chemical nature of the introduced sol fraction. Moreover, a nonlinear behavior, i.e., an increase in both storage and loss moduli with increasing prestrain, is initiated at low prestrain. This nonlinearity depends on the contraction or extension of the network and could result from particles aligning with prestrain, which is expected in such highly filled materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Functionalization of polymer‐supported pentaerythritol as a general synthesis for the preparation of ion‐binding polymers
Authors: Alexandratos Spiro D. , Zhu Xiaoping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPentaerythritol bonded to cross‐linked poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) beads (PE) provides a scaffold onto which ligands can be attached by reaction with reactive compounds such as phosphoryl halides. To broaden the applicability of PE for the preparation of ion‐selective polymers, conditions are reported for the conversion of the hydroxyl group to the bromide, which acts as a better leaving group. The CH2Br moiety thus provides a handle on which an array of ligands can be bound through nucleophilic substitution. In this first in a series of reports, immobilization of diethylamine onto the PE and the ion‐binding affinities of the resulting polymer are described. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of crosslinkable fluorinated linear‐hyperbranched copolyimides for optical waveguide devices
Authors: Liu Yu , Yao Hongyan , Zhang Yunhe , Zhang Haibo , Mu Jianxin , Jiang Zhenhua , Guan Shaowei 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of novel crosslinkable fluorinated linear‐hyperbranched copolyimides (co‐FHBPIs) were prepared by condensation of 1,3,5‐tris(2‐trifluoromethy‐4‐aminopheoxy) benzene (TFAPOB), 1,4‐bis(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy) benzene (6FAPB), and 4,4′‐(2‐(3′,5′‐ditrifluoromethylphenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenedioxy)‐diphthalic anhydride (6FPDA) with different feed ratio, which followed by reaction with 3‐ethynylaniline. Under this circumstance, as the TFAPOB/6FAPB ratio increases, the Tg of the polymers decreases gradually from 218 to 199°C, and the Young's moduli decreases from 2.14 to 1.64 GPa. Although, the refractive indices are adjustable in the ranges of 1.5755–1.5631, and the polymer birefringences decrease from 0.0122 to 0.0012 at wave length 650 nm. The polymer films were fabricated by spin‐coating and crosslinked by thermal curing. The cured films have good resistance to common organic solvents such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran, N, N‐dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and chloroform. The glass transition temperature of E‐coFHBPI 50 (the TFAPOB/(6FAPB+ TFAPOB) ratio is 50%)changes from 200 to 243°C after curing, which shows higher thermal stability up to 582°C (5% weight loss). Rib‐type optical waveguide device is fabricated by E‐coFHBPI 50, which demonstrates an obvious near‐field mode pattern of the waveguide. All the results indicated that the polymers are promising candidates for optical waveguide materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The physical properties of nonionic waterborne polyurethane with a polyether as side chain
Authors: Li Bing , Peng Dan , Zhao Ning , Mu Qiuhong , Li Jinhui 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of nonionic waterborne polyurethanes (WPU) based on hydrogenated methylene diphenylene diisocyanate, polybutylene succinate diol, polybutylene adipate diol, polyethylene glycol, and diethylene glycol as chain extender were synthesized with a polyether, MPEG‐(OH)2, as side chain. The physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, hardness, molecular weight, kinetic viscosity, and so on were detected. The WPUs made with polyesters have the best tensile strength but the lowest elongation. Because of the hydrophilic property of MPEG‐(OH)2 grafted on the WPUs, they have obvious increases of solid contents and water absorptions with the ratio of MPEG‐(OH)2. The functional group ratio of NCO/OH is another reason affecting the hydrophilic properties of the WPUs. In addition, the water ratios of the dispersions dramatically affect the stability of WPU systems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Quantification of polyethylene wax in semibatch laboratory reactor and a study of different parameters on wax production as a by‐product in the slurry ethylene polymerization
Authors: Bayat Mohammad Hossein , Abdouss Majid , Javanbakht Mehran 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn coordination polymerization of alpha‐olefins utilizing Ziegler‐Natta catalysts via slurry, polyolefin is produced with other by‐products such as polyethylene wax. Wax is defined as a linear short chain saturated by hydrocarbons in the relevant industries. Hexane and heptane are two of the most common suspending agents for the slurry process and wax molecules are soluble or swollen in these kinds of liquids. After termination of polymerization, wax separates from the main product by physical processes. A procedure for wax quantification in a laboratory reactor is suggested. Also, impacts of various factors such as reaction duration, pressure, and cocatalyst on wax generation have been investigated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Short polyaniline nanorod prepared in the presence of para‐phenylenediamine
Authors: Chao Liang , Ho Ko‐Shan , Shen Sheng‐Yen , Pu Hsin‐Yu , Hsieh Tar‐Hwa , Kuo Chung‐Wen , Tseng Bo‐Hao 
Published: May 2012

Abstractpara‐Phenylenediamines (pPDAs) were mixed with aniline to synthesize a low molecular weight, nanowired polyaniline via emulsion polymerization, which demonstrated smaller intrinsic viscosity. Fourier transform infrared‐spectra illustrated the presence of phenazines in the polymers in the presence of pPDA. Free carrier‐tails in UV‐Vis‐NIR spectra are still present but their numbers decreased with pPDAs. Scanning electronic microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images showed the neat PANINTs shrank significantly and became randomly distributed after dedoping but the diameters of the PANINT‐pPDAs decreased slightly. TEM micrographs demonstrated the hollow morphology for the neat PANINTs but that of PANINT‐pPDA was shorter, solid nanowires. X‐ray diffractions patterns illustrated a layered structure for neat PANINTs which own a long c‐axis, not found for PANINT‐pPDAs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Biolignin™ based epoxy resins
Authors: Delmas Guo‐Hua , Benjelloun‐Mlayah Bouchra , Bigot Yves Le , Delmas Michel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWheat straw Biolignin™ was used as a substitute of bisphenol‐A in epoxy resin. Synthesis was carried out in alkaline aqueous media using polyethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) as epoxide agent. Structural study of Biolignin™ and PEGDGE was performed by solid‐state 13C NMR and gel permeation chromatography, respectively, before epoxy resin synthesis. Biolignin™ based epoxy resins were obtained with different ratios of Biolignin™ : PEGDGE and their structures were analyzed by solid‐state 13C NMR. The crosslinking of PEGDGE with Biolignin™ was highlighted in this study. Properties of Biolignin™ based epoxy resins were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic load thermomechanical analysis as well as compared with those of a bisphenol‐A epoxy‐amine resin. Depending on the epoxy resin formulation, results confirmed the high potential of Biolignin™ as a biosourced polyphenol used in epoxy resin applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Fabrication and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide nanofibrous biocomposite scaffolds
Authors: Qi Y. Y. , Tai Z. X. , Sun D. F. , Chen J. T. , Ma H. B. , Yan X. B. , Liu B. , Xue Q. J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNanofibrous biocomposite scaffolds of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO) were prepared by using electrospinning method. The microstructure, crystallinity, and morphology of the scaffolds were characterized through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties were investigated by tensile testing. Moreover, Mouse Osteoblastic Cells (MC3T3‐E1) attachment and proliferation on the nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated by MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimeth‐ylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay, SEM observation and fluorescence staining. XRD and FTIR results verify the presence of GO in the scaffolds. SEM images show the three‐dimensional porous fibrous morphology, and the average diameter of the composite fibers decreases with increasing the content of GO. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds are altered by changing the content of GO as well. The tensile strength and elasticity modulus increase when the content of GO is lower than 1 wt %, but decrease when GO is up to 3 and 5 wt %. MC3T3‐E1 cells attach and grow on the surfaces of the scaffolds, and the adding of GO do not affect the cells' viability. Also, MC3T3‐E1 cells are likely to spread on the PVA/GO composite scaffolds. Above all, these unique features of the PVA/GO nanofibrous scaffolds prepared by electrospinning would open up a wide variety of future applications in bone tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Quantized Consensus of Multi‐Agent Systems Via Broadcast Gossip Algorithms
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Wei , Guan Zhi‐Hong , Li Tao , Zhang Xian‐He , Xiao Jiang‐Wen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDistributed consensus problems of multi‐agent systems on directed networks are studied in this paper. For the communication of agents, it is assumed that only one agent can be selected with a prescribed probability, and it broadcasts its own state to neighbors via quantized communication (for any arbitrary quantization) at each time step. For this kind of communication, the fundamental questions are how to design distributed algorithms and what kinds of network topology together lead to the quantized consensus. A class of broadcast gossip algorithms is proposed, and a necessary and sufficient graphical condition is given to ensure the quantized consensus. In particular, the obtained graphical condition does not require a symmetric network topology, which is weaker than those in some other literature. Several numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Substrate binding–dissociation and intermolecular electron transfer in cytochrome c oxidase are driven by energy‐dependent conformational changes in the enzyme and substrate
Authors: Ashe Damian , Alleyne Trevor , Sampson Valerie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractReduction of O2 by cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is critical to the cellular production of adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate; COX obtains the four electrons required for this process from ferrocytochrome c. The COX–cytochrome c enzyme–substrate complex is stabilized by electrostatic interactions via carboxylates on COX and lysines on cytochrome c. Conformational changes are believed to play a role in ferrocytochrome c oxidation and release and in rapid intramolecular transfer of electrons within COX, but the details are unclear. To gather specific information about the extent and relevance of conformational changes, we performed bioinformatics studies using the published structures of both proteins. For both proteins, we studied the surface accessibility and energy, as a function of the proteins' oxidation state. The residues of reduced cytochrome c showed greater surface accessibility and were at a higher energy than those of the oxidized cytochrome c. Also, most residues of the core subunits (I, II, and III) of COX showed low accessibility, ∼35%, and compared to the oxidized subunits, the reduced subunits had higher energies. We concluded that substrate binding and dissociation is modulated by specific redox‐dependent conformational changes. We further conclude that high energy and structural relaxation of reduced cytochrome c and core COX subunits drive their rapid electron transfer.