bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helminth parasites of the Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 from Canary Islands, Central North Atlantic, with comments on their relations with other Atlantic regions
Authors: Costa Graça , Cavallero Serena , D’Amelio Stefano , Paggi Lia , Santamaria Maria , Perera Clara , Santos Maria , Khadem Mahnaz 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEleven parasite taxa were found infecting 68 Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 from the Canary Islands, Central North Atlantic. The most abundant parasites were the gill monogenean Pseudokuhnia minor (P = 54.4%), larval anisakid nematodes (P = 11.8%) in the body cavity, a larval tetraphyllidean infecting bile ducts (P = 8.8%) and didymozoid digeneans infecting the gills (P = 7.4%). No correlation between fish length and abundance of infection with these parasites was found. Within the Atlantic, the comparison of present results with previous reports on the occurrence of parasites in this fish host, might suggest that there is more than one population unit of Atlantic chub mackerel in the Eastern Atlantic.
Maxvachonia ingens sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in Litoria darlingtoni (Anura, Hylidae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bursey Charles , Goldberg Stephen , Kraus Fred 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMaxvachonia ingens sp. nov. from the intestines of Litoria darlingtoni (Hylidae) from Papua New Guinea is described and illustrated. Maxvachonia ingens sp. nov. represents the 7th species assigned to the genus and the 5th from the Australo-Papuan Region. The new species differs from other species assigned to Maxvachonia by the position of the vulva in the female (the only species with a post-oesophageal position) and the spicule/gubernaculum ratio of the male (the only species with ratio greater than 1). Females of the new species are most similar to M. dimorpha and M. ewersi in that the posterior ends of these three species are rounded. These species are easily separated: M. ewersi possesses lateral alae, the other 2 do not; the posterior end of M. dimorpha terminates in a mucro, M. ingens sp. nov. lacks terminal ornamentation.
Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of GER-bodies in the intrauterine eggs of Wenyonia virilis Woodland, 1923 (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea)
Authors: Młocicki Daniel , Świderski Zdzisław , Mackiewicz John , Ibraheem Mohammed 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUltrastructural and cytochemical characteristics of GER-bodies observed in the vitellocyte cytoplasm of the intrauterine eggs of the caryophyllidean cestode Wenyonia virilis are described. In this species GER-bodies were observed only in the cytoplasm of vitellocytes, surrounded by a newly formed egg-shell. They are composed of spherical areas of condensed, electron-dense cytoplasm which contains concentrically arranged parallel lamellae of granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER), forming characteristic balls of different sizes. Each GER-body is surrounded by numerous free ribosomes, polyribosomes, α-glycogen rosettes and large mitochondria. Results of cytochemical analysis by means of PATSC-SP test for polysaccharides indicated that glycogen is absent within the GER-bodies, however, a strongly positive reaction was observed only in large aggregations of α-glycogen rosettes and β-glycogen particles, localised usually near GER-bodies.
Nanotrema niokoloensis sp. nov. and a redescription of N. citharini Paperna, 1969 (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from the gills of Citharinus citharus citharus (Characiformes, Citharinidae) from Senegal
Authors: Musilová Nad’a , Řehulková Eva , Gelnar Milan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOne previously described and 1 new species of Nanotrema Paperna, 1969 are reported from the gills of Citharinus citharus citharus (Citharinidae) collected from the Niokolo Koba River, Senegal. Nanotrema citharini Paperna, 1969 is redescribed, based on the re-examination of the type specimens and new information obtained from material taken in Senegal (new locality record). Nanotrema niokoloensis sp. nov. is distinguished primarily by possessing a copulatory organ composed of a long thin tube with median portion usually coiled into about 2.5 rings and an accessory piece resembling a braid lying within the rings. Based on the presence of the dorsal anchors modified into paired haptoral spikes, which lack an associated bar, species of Nanotrema phenotypically appear to be related to those of Neotropical Rhinoxenus Kritsky, Boeger et Thatcher, 1988 and Indian Spicocleidus Agrawal, Tripathi et Shukla, 2005.
Observations on two nematode species parasitizing freshwater fishes in Thailand, including Spinitectus thaiensis sp. nov. (Cystidicolidae) from Pseudomystus siamensis (Bagridae)
Authors: Moravec František , Yooyen Thanapon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOne new and one already known species of parasitic nematodes are described from the intestine of freshwater fishes in Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand: Spinitectus thaiensis sp. nov. (Cystidicolidae) from the catfish Pseudomystus siamensis (Regan) (Bagridae, Siluriformes) in the Fang Brook, a tributary of the Kok River (the Mekong River basin), Fang District and Oceanicucullanus chitwoodae Le-Van-Hoa et Pham-Ngoc-Khue, 1971 (Cucullanidae) from the cyprinid Mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes) (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) in the Ping River (the Chao Phraya River basin), Muang District. The new species, S. thaiensis, is very similar to S. petrowi Belous, 1965, differing from it, in addition to some biometrical differences, mainly in having simple cuticular spines (instead of transversely oriented peg-like spines with rounded ends) on the ventral surface of the female tail; the spicules are 156–171 and 66–72 μm long, the vulva is situated at 74% of female body length, and the entire oesophagus including the vestibule represents 14–15% of body length in the male and 12% in the female. The latter species, O. chitwoodae, was studied for the first time by scanning electron microscopy, which enabled to recognize some previously unrecorded morphological details in this species. The finding of O. chitwoodae in M. marginatus in Thailand represents new host and geographical records for this nematode.
Regioselective N-alkylation of (2-chloroquinolin-3-yl) methanol with N-heterocyclic compounds using the Mitsunobu reagent
Authors: Roopan Selvaraj , Khan Fazlur-Rahman , Jin Jong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Mitsunobu reaction is a well-established fundamental reaction and has been widely applied in organic synthesis. In this paper, under Mitsunobu conditions dehydration proceeds between (2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methanol and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds such as quinazolinone, pyrimidone, 2-oxoquinoline in dry THF in the presence of triethylamine, triphenylphosphane and diethyl azodicarboxylate to give the corresponding products. As part of our recent research, we attempted to couple two N-heterocyclic compounds under Mitsunobu reaction conditions to provide efficient building blocks for natural product synthesis.
New design of interference band-pass infrared filter
Authors: Yaremchuk I. , Fitio V. , Bobitski Ya. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe new design of the interference band-pass infrared filters is proposed. The analytic expressions for the analysis structure “layer with the high refractive index — interference mirror — layer with the high refractive index” are obtained. The refractive indices optimal and thicknesses of individual layers that limited interference mirror are obtained.
Filtered thermal contrast based technique for testing of material by infrared thermography
Authors: Gryś S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new kind of thermal contrast, called “filtered contrast” is presented, which allows detecting and characterizing material defects using active thermography under some assumptions on physical and thermal parameters of materials. In opposition to known definitions of the thermal contrast, knowledge about defect-free area is not necessary and this contrast is less sensitive to nonuniformity of heat disposal to the material surface. The measurements were performed on an experimental setup equipped with a ThermaCAM PM 595 infrared camera and frame grabber. The step heating was chosen as heat excitation. The results demonstrate usefulness of the 1D model of heat transfer used for determination of depth of subsurface defects. The influence of the parameter of the smoothing filter, required for filtered contrast implementation, thermal parameters of the tested material and defect on expanded uncertainty of determination of defect depth is also presented. Due to significant complexity of the model of heat transfer, the conditions for the “law of propagation of uncertainty” were not fulfilled and a numerical method, i.e., Monte Carlo simulation is applied for the propagation of distributions.
Infrared photodetectors based on the system “Hg1−xCdxTe photodiode — direct-injection readout circuit”
Authors: Gumenjuk-Sichevska J. , Karnaushenko D. , Lee I. , Polovinkin V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA mathematical model for multi-element IR FPAs based on Hg1−xCdxTe photodiodes with direct-injection readout circuits is developed. This model was used to identify the main factors that limit the performance characteristics of thermography systems based on such FPAs.
Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene and cancer risk for workers at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant
Authors: Bahr Debra , Aldrich Timothy , Seidu Dazar , Brion Gail , Tollerud David , Muldoon Susan , Reinhart Nancy , Youseefagha Ahmed , McKinney Paul , Hughes Therese , Chan Caroline , Rice Carol , Brewer David , Freyberg Ronald , Mohlenkamp Adriane , Hahn Kristen , Hornung Richard , Ho Mona , Dastidar Aniruddha , Freitas Samantha , Saman Daniel , Ravdal Hege , Scutchfield Douglas 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Low-level environmental lead exposure and intellectual impairment in children — The current concepts of risk assessment
Authors: Jakubowski Marek 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLead is an environmental contaminant. The majority of epidemiological research on the health effects of lead has been focused on children, because they are more vulnerable to lead than adults. In children, an elevated blood lead (B-Pb) is associated with reduced Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score. This paper summarizes the current opinions on the assessment of the health risk connected with the children’s environmental exposure to lead. The B-Pb level of concern of 100 μg/l proposed by the US Centers of Disease Control in 1991 was for a long time accepted as the guideline value. In the meantime there has been a significant worldwide decrease of B-Pb levels in children and present geometric mean values in the European countries range from 20 to 30 μg/l. The recent analyses of the association of intelligence test scores and B-Pb levels have revealed that the steepest declines in IQ occur at blood levels < 100 μg/l and that no threshold below which lead does not cause neurodevelopmental toxicity can be defended. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded in 2010, on the basis of results of Benchmark Dose (BMD) analysis, that an increase in B-Pb of 12 μg/l (BMDL01) could decrease the IQ score by one point. It seems that this value can be used as a “unit risk” to calculate the possible decrease of IQ and, consequently, influence of the low-level exposure to lead (< 100 μg/l) on the health and socioeconomic status of the exposed population.
Glottochronological Classification of Oromo Dialects
Authors: Blažek Václav 
Published: February 2011

Glottochronological Classification of Oromo Dialects
The purpose of the present article is the classification of the Oromo dialect continuum. Firstly, the previous attempts are discussed. As a method the so-called ‘recalibrated glottochronology’ developed by Sergei Starostin was applied. The results confirm the mutual relation of the ‘mainstream’ dialects, Maca, Qottu and Borana. In the case of more peripheral dialects the differences are bigger in comparison with the ‘impressionistic’ model sketched in Ethnologue16 (Bender compared only those three dialects). The reason probably consists in the chosen method: although it is not explicitly said in Ethnologue16, the classification used combines the qualitative and geographical approaches, contrary to the present model based on strictly quantitative principles.
Les droits des tiers dans la procédure administrative de contrôle des concentrations - Aspects du droit allemand
Authors: Bien Florian 
Published: February 2011

La procédure administrative de contrôle des concentrations met souvent en cause les intérêts économiques des entreprises tierces (concurrents, clients, fournisseurs). Pour protéger les intérêts des tiers concernés, le droit allemand de procédure administrative prévoit des instruments et recours divers tels le statut de partie associée à la procédure (Beiladung), l’action en annulation (Anfechtungsklage), l’action en émission d’un acte
(Verpflichtungsklage) et même une procédure de référé. Or, d’importantes dérogations législatives en matière de la concurrence accordant notamment un large pouvoir d’appréciation aux autorités de la concurrence rendent souvent aléatoire la possibilité pour les tiers de pouvoir contester la validité de l’autorisation d’une opération de concentration devant les juridictions compétentes. Le législateur allemand a saisi l’occasion de la septième réforme de la Loi contre les restrictions à la concurrence pour aggraver les conditions pour l’ordonnance judiciaire de l’effet suspensif à l’encontre de l’autorisation d’une telle opération. Les tiers se voient ainsi de facto privés des avantages de la procédure de référé.
Us et abus de la fonction punitive (dommages-intérêts punitifs et le droit brésilien)
Authors: Martins-Costa Judith , Souza Pargendler Mariana 
Published: February 2011

Récemment, la doctrine des punitive damages a été reçue avec persistance, dans le Droit brésilien, par la voie jurisprudentielle. Cet article essaie d’examiner les chemins de cette réception, en comparant les conditions générales de cette forme d’indemnisation dans le common law, avec les possibles solutions offertes par les régimes juridiques de la responsabilité civile par dommages extrapatrimoniaux au Brésil. Tout en suivant les sentiers, pas toujours rectilignes, de cette réception jurisprudentielle, les auteurs, soucieuses d’éviter une possible interprétation hors-contexte, de même que les anachronismes qui pourraient l’accompagner, ont tracé, tout d’abord, des approximations conceptuelles entre peine privée et punitive damages, mettant la peine privée en perspective dans la tradition romaniste et la tradition anglo-saxonne des punitive damages, leurs cases et les conditions de leur application. Dans la deuxième partie, les auteurs s’occupent de la reprise de la peine privée et du Droit brésilien, en envisageant les particularités de la réglementation de l’indemnisation pour préjudices extrapatrimoniaux et les paradoxes et «ajustements» à la doctrine des punitive damages.
Dans la conclusion, même si elles ne rejettent pas les utilités possibles des punitive damages, elles signalent les dangers de l’abus et de la superposition entre dénomination et signification comme un vice de méthode du Droit comparé.
Risk Factors for Fatality in HIV-Infected Patients with Dideoxynucleoside-Induced Severe Hyperlactataemia or Lactic Acidosis
Authors:   the Lactic Acidosis International Study Group, Arenas-Pinto Alejandro , Grant Alison , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Copas Andrew , Carr Andrew , Worm Signe W , Martinez Esteban , Reiss Peter , Dunn David , Weber Rainer , Hoy Jennifer , Weller Ian 
Published: February 2011

Background Lactic acidosis (LA) and severe hyperlactataemia (HL) are infrequent but serious complications of antiretroviral therapy that have been associated with a high fatality rate. Methods In a multinational retrospective cohort study, LA was defined as arterial blood pH<7.35, bicarbonate <20 mmol/l and lactate above normal, and HL as con-firmed blood lactate >5 mmol/l. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with fatality. Sensitivity and specificity of different case definitions as predictors of death were compared. Results The overall case-fatality rate was 19/110 (17.3%), but among acidotic patients it was 33% (16/49 cases). There were 10 asymptomatic patients and none of them died as a consequence of the event. The median lactate for fatal, non-fatal and all patients was 8.3 mmol/l (IQR 7.2–13.1), 6.4 mmol/l (IQR 5.4–7.8) and 6.7 mmol/l (IQR 5.5–8.1), respectively. After adjusting for age and current CD4+ T-cell count, lactate >7 mmol/l (OR 6.27, 95% CI 1.13–34.93), blood bicarbonate <12 mmol/l (OR 10.02 relative to >18 mmol/l, 95% CI 1.33–75.65) and concurrent opportunistic infections (OR 8.69, 95% CI 1.45–52.22) were independently associated with case fatality. Blood lactate >7 mmol/l showed a sensitivity of 84% for fatality with a specificity of 60%, whereas bicarbonate <12 mmol/l showed a better specificity (85%) but a poorer sensitivity (42%). Bicarbonate <18 mmol/l appears to be as good as lactate <7 mmol/l at predicting death (sensitivity 90% and specificity 54%). Conclusions Our data suggest that blood lactate >7 mmol/l and blood bicarbonate <18 mmol/l appear to predict death and might help clinicians in selecting patients who may benefit from more intense monitoring.
Low reliability of home-based diagnosis of malaria in a rural community in western Kenya
Authors: Kakai Rose Muyoka , Nasimiyu Josephine , Odero Wilson 
Published: February 2011

Introduction: Home-based management of malaria is promoted as a major strategy for improving prompt delivery of effective malaria treatment in Africa. This study aimed to determine the proportion of children who tested positive for malaria with routine light microscopy among those whose mothers had made a home-based diagnosis in a rural community in Western Kenya. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bokoli location, Bungoma East District in November and December 2007. Mothers of children five years of age or under with malaria diagnosed by their mothers were interviewed (n = 96). Duplicate blood smears were collected, stained by field stain A (Methylene blue, Azure) and B (Eosin), and examined for malaria parasites using light microscopy. Results: Only 30/96 (31.2%) specimens were positive for Plasmodium falciparum. Elevated temperature (70/96; 72.9%) in their children was the most commonly cited criterion for diagnosis of malaria by the mothers. In 57 of the 96 cases, information was given by the mothers regarding treatment during the current malaria episode; of these, 10 (17.5%) had received treatment for malaria, but six (60%) of these were parasite negative. This means that only 4/21 (19.0%) with positive smear microscopy received treatment. The most common anti-malaria drugs used were Fansidar (37.8%) and Metakelfin (29.7%). Conclusion: The difficulty of diagnosing malaria accurately at home increases the urgent need for improved diagnostic tools that can be used at the community level in poor populations. Intervention measures are needed to increase the treatment rate to reduce reservoirs and malaria parasite transmission.
A case of Candida mediastinitis after dental extraction
Authors: Badiee Parisa , Alborzi Abdolvahab , Farhoudi Farimah 
Published: February 2011

Acute mediastinitis is a serious infection involving the connective mediastinal tissue in the interpleural spaces and other thoracic structures. Candida albicans mediastinitis is a rare clinical entity associated with high mortality and morbidity. We present a rare case of a previously healthy and immunocompetent man with Candida mediastinitis due to retropharyngeal abscess after dental extraction, who presented with odynophagia and fever. Antibiotics were prescribed and surgical drainage was performed after diagnosis of mediastinitis by CT scan; however, the patient remained febrile. The second culture obtained during irrigation of the mediastinum was positive for Candida albicans and the patient was responsive to antifungal therapy and survived. This case illustrates the need to consider a fungal cause in immunocompetent patients with mediastinitis who are not responsive to broad spectrum antibiotics and surgical drainage.
Multidrug resistant Salmonella Concord is a major cause of salmonellosis in children in Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Getenet , Nair Satheesh , Asrat Daniel , Mengistu Yohannes , Engers Howard , Wain John 
Published: February 2011

Introduction: S. Concord in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the aetiology of febrile and diarrhoeic illness in Ethiopian children focussing on Salmonella. Methodology: Paediatric patients (n = 1,225) presenting with diarrhoea or fever from the paediatric outpatient department of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa (n = 825), and Jimma University Hospital, South West Ethiopia (n = 400), were investigated for pathogens from January to August 2006. Results: Parasites were detected in 337 cases, Salmonella in 65, and Shigella in 61. Serotyping of Salmonella (including 48 stored isolates) demonstrated the dominance of S. Concord: S. Concord (85), S. Typhimurium (7), S. Paratyphi B (2), S. Haifa (1), S. Typhi (2), S. Enteritidis (4), S. Butantan (2), S. Infantis (1), S. Pomona (1), Salmonella group M (28:y:-) (1), and S. Oskarshamn (1). Six isolates in serogroups B and D were untypeable. Of 81 S. Concord isolates, 30% were invasive, most (86.5%) were positive for ESBL production by E-test and 70% were multiply resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethaxole, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, of which over one quarter (27%) also showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Multi-drug resistant S. Concord was the major cause of salmonellosis in two regions of Ethiopia. The strain isolated was highly invasive, highly antibiotic-resistant, and represents a threat to heath care globally.
La santé, entre bien public et bien privé
Authors: Müller Denis 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Après avoir montré la nécessité d’une révision de la notion de Bien commun compte tenu des défis actuels, l’auteur analyse ces derniers sous l’angle, par exemple, des relations ambiguës entre santé et bioéthique. La santé est devenue un bien mesurable oscillant entre privé et public. Il semble capital d’éviter de télescoper la philosophie et l’éthique de la santé avec la question de la justice. Si les travaux de Canguilhem sont souvent cités aujourd’hui, on omet d’en discuter les conclusions. L’auteur propose ainsi la notion d’« instabilité normative » comme clé d’analyse utilisable face aux situations contemporaines et corrélation entre la libération évangélique et l’exigence éthique. En définitive, seule une éthique du sens pourra assurer notre vocation d’« humanitude ».