bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planning and development strategy for effective management of community forestry: lessons from the Thai experience
Authors: Amornsanguansin Jintana , Routray Jayant K. 
Published: October 2009

The forestry laws and regulations imposed by the Thai government to solve chronic deforestation have created conflicts between rural communities and government agencies over the use and control of forest resources. Therefore, the research carried out for this article focused on the study of community‐based forest management practices in the northern region of Thailand to determine whether community‐based forest management can lead to sustainable use and reverse the deteriorating situation and related problem of deforestation.This study was conducted in a district of Phayao Province in northern Thailand, where a natural watershed has recently been managed jointly among ethnically diverse local communities living in upstream and downstream areas under the promulgation of the National Park Act. Research was based on both secondary and primary sources of data and information. An intensive field survey was also conducted through a standard questionnaire, supplemented by group discussions and informal interviews to understand the historical development of settlements in the study area.The joint management of the community forest by the community, government and non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) was recommended under the decentralised and participatory planning framework in the study area and also in other areas with similar environmental conditions. Equally important in promoting community forest management were the facilitating role of forest officials, the provision of support services, monitoring and enforcement of control mechanisms, and capacity building of local organisations.
Sustainable coastal resources management: principles and practice
Authors: Turner R.K. , Adger W.N. , Crooks S. , Lorenzoni I. , Ledoux L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCoastal zones are currently experiencing intense and sustained environmental pressures from a range of driving forces. Responsible agencies around the globe are seeking ways of better managing the causes and consequences of the environmental change process in coastal areas. This article discusses the basic principles underpinning a more integrated approach to coastal management, as well as the obstacles to its implementation in both developed and developing countries. The fulfilment of the goal of sustainable utilisation of coastal resources via integrated management is likely to prove to be difficult. Any successful strategy will have to encompass all the elements of management from planning and design through financing and implementation. An interdisciplinary analytical and operational approach is also required, combined with a more flexible and participatory institutional structure and emphasis to account for multiple stakeholders and resource demands. As historical and institutional perspectives as well as socio‐economic and cultural contexts are also important, two case studies (based on UK and Vietnamese experiences) are presented in order to identify arguments and examine these aspects in more detail.
Private sector participation in urban water and sanitation: Realising social and environmental objectives in developing countries
Authors: Johnstone Nick , Wood Libby , Hearne Robert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere has been a large increase in private sector participation (PSP) in the urban water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in recent years. However, even with increased PSP, public authorities will still have to: ensure that the service providers do not use their market power to exploit customers; internalise public health and environmental externalities; provide mechanisms whereby water consumption is sustainable and allocated efficiently between alternative uses; and stand as a guarantor of a level of service provision that is consistent with a basic standard of living. While there is considerable literature addressing the first of these four issues, the latter three are rather less adequately addressed. Through a review of a number of case studies (Abidjan, Buenos Aires/Cordoba, Mexico City and Manila), this paper provides an overview of the issues involved and some of the mechanisms available to the authorities responsible for the regulation of the sector.
Golden Genesis and the Teotonio Vilela Foundation: commercializing PV residential electrification with a not‐for‐profit partner
Authors: D'Addario Patrick J. 
Published: October 2009

This article presents a case study of a project which provides photovoltaic‐based rural electrification in the state of Alagoas in northeastern Brazil. The project, the Luz do Sol Programme (LdS), was initiated in mid‐1996 by the Golden Genesis Company (Golden) and the Fundação Teotônio Vilela (FTV). The article emphasizes some noteworthy characteristics of the project: the partnership between US commercial and Brazilian philanthropic interests; the financial aspect, a dedicated line of credit requiring only the equipment itself as security; and the local ownership and management of system operations, collections, and routine maintenance.In 1996, the Golden Genesis Company had developed a central battery charging system to bring the price of electrification within the range of the rural poor; it financed the US content of the systems, with the Bank of the Northeast of Brazil (BN) financing the Brazilian content. The article traces the long and arduous path to establish the programme, including both bureaucratic and technical challenges. These difficulties brought the project to an impasse in August of 1998, and Golden withdrew. FTV then re‐negotiated the agreement with BN, changing the technical approach to individual solar home systems. This improved the situation, and the project has since enjoyed 100% loan repayment rates from the entrepreneurs. In June 1999, BP/Solarex became FTV's new commercial partner. The project currently shows promise of becoming the commercially viable programme originally envisaged by Golden, with commercial and technical decision‐making at the local level.
An fMRI study of auditory hallucinations in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Korsnes Maria Stylianou , Hugdahl Kenneth , Nygård Merethe , Bjørnæs Helge 
Published: October 2009

SummaryPurpose:  The aim of the study was to investigate behavioral and brain activation in nonpsychotic hallucinating individuals. Auditory hallucinations are reported by patients with epilepsy, although less frequent than visual hallucinations are. If behavioral and neuronal activation patterns in hallucinating patients with epilepsy are found to be similar to what has been found in hallucinating patients with schizophrenia, this would support a unique neuronal representation for auditory hallucinations cutting across diagnostic groups.Methods:  We report behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from six epilepsy patients experiencing auditory hallucinations compared with six healthy control subjects. The participants had to report which of two simultaneously presented simple speech sounds they perceived on each trial, using a dichotic stimulus presentation mode.Results:  The results showed that the patients failed to show an expected right ear advantage on the task, and they also showed significantly reduced activation in temporal, frontal, and cingulate cortex areas.Discussion:  The results are discussed in relation to a view that neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging indices of auditory hallucinations may be orthogonal to diagnostic category and not unique to patients with schizophrenia.
The combination of EEG Source Imaging and EEG‐correlated functional MRI to map epileptic networks
Authors: Vulliemoz Serge , Lemieux Louis , Daunizeau Jean , Michel Christoph M. , Duncan John S. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryFunctional electrophysiologic techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) give insights into the dynamics of the networks involved in the generation of interictal and ictal epileptic activity and their interaction with physiologic brain activity. With recent advances in methodology and clinical validation, EEG source imaging (ESI) may now be used to map epileptic activity as well as evoked responses to external stimuli. By its ability to show hemodynamic changes time locked to epileptic activity in the whole brain, EEG‐correlated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (EEG‐fMRI) is the natural counterpart of ESI, circumventing some of its limitations, the former adding data from the depths of the brain, and the latter temporal resolution. To better understand the potential and limitations of both techniques, this review starts with a description of the neurophysiologic mechanisms that give rise to the measured signals, followed by validation studies based on comparison with intracranial EEG and surgical outcome. We then discuss analysis strategies to combine both techniques by reviewing studies in epilepsy, current methodologic development, and future directions of this fast‐developing field.
Age‐Related Increase in Atrial Fibrillation Induced by Transvenous Catheter‐Based Atrial Burst Pacing: An In Vivo Rat Model of Inducible Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: XU DONGZHU , MURAKOSHI NOBUYUKI , TADA HIROSHI , IGARASHI MIYAKO , SEKIGUCHI YUKIO , AONUMA KAZUTAKA 
Published: October 2009

AF Rat Model Induced by Transvenous Catheter Pacing. Introduction: Large animal models of atrial fibrillation (AF) are well established, but limited experimental reports exist on small animal models. We sought to develop an in vivo rat model of AF using a transvenous catheter and to evaluate the model's underlying characteristics.
Methods and Results: Echocardiogram, surface electrocardiogram (ECG), and atrial effective refractory period (AERP) were recorded at baseline in young (3 months) and middle‐aged (9 months) Wistar rats. AF inducibility and duration were measured through transvenous electrode catheter in young (n = 11) and middle‐aged rats (n = 11) and middle‐aged rats treated with either pilsicainide (1 mg/kg iv, n = 7) or amiodarone (10 mg/kg iv, n = 9). Degrees of interstitial fibrosis and cellular hypertrophy in the atria were assessed histologically. The P‐wave duration and AERP were significantly longer and echocardiographic left atrial dimension significantly larger in middle‐aged versus young rats. AF was inducible in >90% of all procedures in both untreated rat groups, whereas AF inducibility was reduced by the antiarrhythmic drugs. The AF duration was significantly longer in middle‐aged than in young rats and was significantly shortened by treatment with either pilsicainide or amiodarone. Histologic analysis revealed significant increases in atrial interstitial fibrosis and cellular diameter in middle‐aged versus young rats.
Conclusions: Transvenous catheter‐based AF is significantly longer in middle‐aged than in young rats and is markedly reduced by treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. This rat model of AF is simple, reproducible, and reliable for examining pharmacologic effects on AF and studying the process of atrial remodeling.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 88–93, January 2010)
Vanoxerine, a New Drug for Terminating Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter
Authors: MATSUMOTO NAOMICHI , KHRESTIAN CELEEN M. , RYU KYUNGMOO , LACERDA ANTONIO E. , BROWN ARTHUR M. , WALDO ALBERT L. 
Published: October 2009

Vanoxerine Terminates AF and AFL. Background: Vanoxerine produces potent block of cardiac hERG, sodium, and L‐type calcium channels. Block is strongly frequency dependent, is unassociated with transmural dispersion of repolarization, and occurs at concentrations safe in humans. Therefore, we proposed that vanoxerine might be antiarrhythmic. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that vanoxerine would terminate induced atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) in dogs with sterile pericarditis (SP).
Methods and Results:
In 9 SP dogs, 11 episodes each of sustained (>10 minutes) AF and AFL were induced. Electrophysiological studies were performed before and after infusion of vanoxerine, which effectively terminated AF and AFL in 19 of 22 episodes. Simultaneous multisite mapping during 3 AF and 3 AFL episodes demonstrated that termination of each arrhythmia occurred with termination of the driver (a reentrant circuit) following an increase in tachycardia CL. Except for conduction in an area of slow conduction in the driver's reentrant circuit, vanoxerine did not significantly affect intraatrial or atrioventricular conduction time, QRS duration, or QT/QTc intervals. Ventricular refractoriness prolonged minimally during ventricular pacing at 400 and 333 ms (176 ± 16 ms to 182 ± 16 ms; 173 ± 11 ms to 178 ± 18 ms, respectively). Vanoxerine minimally increased (mean 0.7 mA) atrial stimulus threshold for capture.
Conclusions:
Vanoxerine effectively terminated induced, sustained AF and AFL in the canine SP model, and produced insignificant or minimal changes in refractoriness, conduction time, or stimulus threshold, consistent with little proarrhythmic risk. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 311–319, March 2010)
Expression of a Common LQT1 Mutation in Five Apparently Unrelated Families in a Regional Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic
Authors: GRAY CHRISTOPHER , GULA LORNE J. , KLEIN GEORGE J. , SKANES ALLAN C. , YEE RAYMOND , SY RAYMOND , SALISBURY BENJAMIN A. , WONG JORGE , CHATTHA ISHVINDER , SUBBIAH RAJESH N. , KRAHN ANDREW D. 
Published: October 2009

Expression of a Common LQT1 Mutation. Background: The Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic at the University of Western Ontario services a catchment area of 1.5 million people and follows families with inherited arrhythmia syndromes.
Methods:
Patients referred for evaluation of long‐QT Syndrome (LQTS) are evaluated with resting and standing ECGs, and treadmill exercise testing. Patients with findings consistent with LQTS are offered comprehensive genetic testing with screening of all first‐degree relatives of genotype‐positive patients.
Results:
Among 31 probands with disease‐causing LQTS mutations, 5 probands from apparently unrelated families of Irish descent were found to have an identical disease causing transmembrane mutation in KCNQ1 (Leu266Pro). Systematic screening of 33 first‐degree relatives of genotype‐positive individuals detected 15 unaffected and 18 asymptomatic affected family members. Symptoms in 6 patients occurred later in life than reported LQT1 populations (61 ± 18 years, range 44–89). In this cohort, several family members presented with cardiac arrest during acute myocardial ischemia (n = 2), sudden death, unexplained drowning, and torsade de pointes during exercise testing. There was no identifiable common relative for this cohort after pedigree construction of the previous 4–7 generations. Affected patients had mild QT prolongation at rest with dramatic QT prolongation with exercise.
Conclusions:
Genetic testing in this LQTS population suggests a common KCNQ1 Leu266Pro founder effect, with the descendants clustering in our geographical region even though no common relative has been identified. The observations highlight the utility of genotypic and phenotypic correlation and a specialized clinic. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 296–300, March 2010)
Atrial Fibrillatory Wall Motion and Degree of Atrial Remodeling in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Tissue Velocity Imaging Study
Authors: DE VOS CEES B. , PISON LAURENT , PISTERS RON , SCHOTTEN ULRICH , CHERIEX EMILE C. , PRINS MARTIN H. , DELHAAS TAMMO , CRIJNS HARRY J.G.M. , TIELEMAN ROBERT G. 
Published: October 2009

Introduction:
The atrial fibrillation cycle length (AFCL) and the intracardiac atrial electrogram morphology may be used to characterize atrial fibrillation (AF). However, assessment of these parameters requires an invasive electrophysiological study. We assessed clinical and electrophysiological correlates of noninvasive tissue velocity imaging (TVI) of the right and left atrial myocardial fibrillatory wall motion.
Methods and Results:
We performed an electrophysiological study in 12 patients with AF referred for His bundle ablation. Using atrial electrograms, we determined the AFCL (AFCL‐egm) and electrophysiological AF type. Simultaneously, transthoracic echocardiography was performed. We used the TVI traces to determine the cycle length of the atrial fibrillatory wall motion (AFCL‐tvi) and atrial fibrillatory wall velocities (AFV‐tvi). AFCL‐tvi matched very well with AFCL‐egm (r2= 0.98; P < 0.001), both in the left and right atrium. Patients with permanent AF had shorter AFCL‐tvi (155 ± 15 ms vs 216 ± 23 ms; P < 0.001), higher AFCL‐tvi variability, and lower AFV‐tvi compared to patients with paroxysmal AF. Three electrophysiological AF types were found based on the morphology of the electrograms and these related to specific TVI patterns.
Conclusion:
TVI of the atrial fibrillatory wall motion may enhance noninvasive characterization of atrial remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Asylum‐seeking children with severe loss of activities of daily living: clinical signs and course during rehabilitation
Authors: Aronsson B , Wiberg C , Sandstedt P , Hjern A 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  To investigate whether severe loss of activities of daily living (ADL) in asylum‐seeking children is associated with physical disease or toxic influences and to describe the clinical course during the recovery process.Methods:  A total of 29 asylum‐seeking children with severe loss of ADL were regularly assessed by physical examinations, laboratory tests and a structured evaluation of their ADL status during rehabilitation.Results:  A total of 12 children had previously recorded suicide attempts and 21 were recorded to have experienced traumatic events in their country of origin.The mean time from turning point to recovery was 6 months. Of the study participants, 22 needed enteral feeding and 18 gained weight during recovery. All children had a pulse rate and systolic blood pressure within the normal range. No sign of intoxication or physical disease was identified in laboratory tests or clinical examinations, with the exception of one case of epilepsy.Conclusion:  Physical disease, pharmacological sedation or anorexia nervosa was not considered to be a probable cause of the loss of ADL in these children. The high rate of psychosocial risk factors and the stressful event of being in an asylum‐seeking process call for further investigation of psychosomatic mechanisms.
Mastoid subperiosteal abscess as a first sign of unnoticed cholesteatoma in children
Authors: Migirov L , Carmel E , Dagan E , Duvdevani S , Wolf M 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  To present children who underwent mastoidectomy for congenital cholesteatoma presented as a subperiosteal abscess.Results:  All seven children (age range 7–14 years, six boys) presented with retroauricular swelling, erythema and fluctuation in the mastoid area, and one child also had a mastoid‐cutaneous fistula. Five children had otorrhoea, while the other two had normal‐appearing tympanic membranes. None of the children had a history of middle ear disease. Four children were treated with antibiotics for a recent episode of otitis media prior to admission. The main findings at surgery were pus, granulations and erosion of the mastoid cortex. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp. were isolated from the abscess in two patients, and the other five cultures were negative. All the patients demonstrated some degree of hearing impairment after surgery.Conclusion:  Surgical eradication of a mastoid SA in older children is essential as it may be the first indication of an underlying CC.
Plant Community Structure and Conservation of a Northern Peru Sclerophyllous Forest
Authors: Aragón Susan , Woodcock Deborah W. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe vegetation near El Bosque Petrificado Piedra Chamana, in the northern Peruvian Andes, is evergreen sclerophyllous forest with significant shrub, epiphyte, and mat components. Important/characteristic genera include Dodonaea, Polylepis, Oreopanax, Oreocallis, Myrcianthes, and the mat‐forming orchid Pleurothallis. A vegetation survey including 12 transects and 240 plots in high‐ and low‐grazed areas documented 96 plant species. Compared with low‐grazed areas, high‐grazed areas had significantly fewer tree species, more herbs, and higher density of individuals. Both grazing categories exhibited high connectedness (as seen in network metrics) and positive biotic associations (nestedness), suggesting facilitation of some species by others, but high‐grazed areas showed greater indications of positive associations (as seen in the C‐score and V‐ratio). These positive biotic associations may relate to the harsh environment and the role of keystone taxa such as Dodonaea viscosa, canopy trees, and mat‐forming elements in moderating conditions and promoting species establishment. Only in the low‐grazed areas was there any indication of competitive interactions (negative C‐score/ less than expected species‐pair occurrence). The shift in sign of the C‐score, from negative in low‐grazed areas to positive in high‐grazed areas, indicates a loss of competitive interactions as a factor influencing community structure where grazing pressure is higher. Conservation of the area's natural resources would be advanced by protection of areas where the vegetation structure is more intact, better controls on grazing animals, and identification of development alternatives that would reduce pressure on the area's unique vegetation.
RESEARCH OF INTEREST
Authors: Peterson Louis J. , Whaley Russell F. 
Published: October 2009

Yagodich, Georgette, “Evaluating Health Education at the Elementary and Junior High Levels,”Miller, David, “A Review of Speed‐Reading Theory and Techniques for the Ophthalmologist,”Perdue, Opal R., and Spielberger, Charles D., “Anxiety and the Perception of Punishment,”Kleiser, John R., “Application of Psychological Principles to Dental Practice,”Boissard; Joan M., Fry, R. H., “Streptococcal School Outbreaks: A Method Investigation and Control,”Reinhart, Richard, “Some Relationships Between Early Rheumatic Fever, Intelligence and Anxiety Scores,”Fink, Paul Jay, Goldman, Morris J., and Lyons, Irwin, “Morning Glory Seed Psychosis,”Hobson, B. M., “Review of Pregnancy Diagnosis,”Busvine, James R., “The Use of Insecticides Versus Other Methods of Controlling Insects of Public Health Importance.”McCall, Charles E., et al., “An Interstate Outbreak of Salmonellosis Traced to A Contaminated Food Supplement,”Roberson, Sara, Marion, J. E., and Woodroof, J. G., “Composition of Commercial Peanut Butters,”
Research of Interest
Authors: Peterson Louis 
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:Thomas, L. Eugene, Louis Peterson, Ph.D: “Clothing and Counterculture: an Empirical Study,” AdolescencePratt, Lois: “Child Rearing Methods and Children's Health Behavior,” Journal of Health and Social BehaviorHildebrand, Milton: “The Character and Skills of the Effective Professor,” Journal of Higher EducationCartwright, Phillip G., Carol A. Cartwright, and James E. Ysseldyke: “Two Decision Models: Identification and Diagnostic Teaching of Handicapped Children in the Regular Classroom,” Psychology In The SchoolsGochman, David S.: “A Content for Dental Health Education,” International Journal of Health Education
Research of Interest
Authors: Shibuya Ruth R. 
Published: October 2009

Williams JGL, Jones JR, Williams B: The chemical control of preoperative anxiety.Williams JGL et al: The psychological control of preoperative anxiety.Best JA: Tailoring smoking withdrawal procedures to personality and motivational differences.Dembroski TM, Pennebaker JW: Reactions to severity and nature of threat among children of dissimilar socioeconomic levels.