bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrakis(carbene)ruthenium(II) Complexes Featuring an [Ru(NHC)4]2+ Core
Authors: Würtemberger Max , Ott Timo , Döring Christian , Schaub Thomas , Radius Udo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of different ruthenium(II) complexes with an [Ru(NHC)4]2+ (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene) core is reported. The reaction of [(η6‐C6H4MeiPr)RuCl(μ‐Cl)]2 with 1 equiv. of the NHC iPr2Im in thf leads to the clean formation of [(η6‐C6H4MeiPr)Ru(iPr2Im)Cl2] (1), but use of an excess of the carbene at higher temperatures affords side products such as [Ru(iPr2Im)4H]Cl (9). Complexes of the type [Ru(R2Im)4Cl2] [R = Me (2), nPr (3), MeiPr (6)] were synthesized by the reaction of [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] with Me2Im, nPr2Im, and MeiPrIm. Compound 6 was isolated as a mixture of isomers that differ in the relative orientation of the asymmetrically substituted NHC ligand with respect to the Ru–Cl vector. Replacement of the chlorido ligands in 2 and 3 with acetonitrile leads to the formation of [Ru(R2Im)4(CH3CN)]Cl2 [R = Me (4), nPr (5)]. At higher temperatures, complex 6 eliminates HCl under C–H activation of one of the NHC ligand iPr groups to give the cyclometallation product 7. The reaction of [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] with iPr2Im afforded the cyclometallation product [Ru(iPr2Im)3{iPr(C3H6)Im}Cl] (8) or the hydrido complex [Ru(iPr2Im)4(H)]Cl (9) as the main product depending on the reaction conditions. The complexes 1, 3, 4, and 7 as well as two isomers of 6 were structurally characterized.
Loss of white matter integrity in major depressive disorder: Evidence using tract‐based spatial statistical analysis of diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. , Grieve Stuart M. , Koslow Stephen H. , Gabrieli John D.E. , Gordon Evian , Williams Leanne M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWhite matter (WM) has been shown to be affected in elderly patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). There is only limited evidence of WM structural abnormalities in nongeriatric MDD patients. This study investigates WM microstructural integrity in nongeriatric MDD patients recruited as part of the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression clinical trial and establishes the validity of diffusion tensor imaging measures for the investigation of depression. Baseline diffusion tensor imaging data from 29 nongeriatric MDD participants (11 with melancholia) and 39 healthy control participants were used in this analysis. We performed tract‐based spatial statistics analyses to evaluate WM microstructural integrity (1) between all healthy controls and all MDD participants, (2) between melancholic and nonmelancholic MDD participants, and (3) between each subgroup (melancholic and nonmelancholic) and controls. Significant WM integrity deficits were seen only for the melancholic MDD participants compared with controls. Compared with controls, melancholic participants showed an average reduction of 7.8% in fractional anisotropy over WM regions associated with the limbic system, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, thalamic projection fibers, corpus callosum, and other association fibers. These fractional anisotropy deficits were also associated with decreased axial and increased radial diffusivity in these WM regions, suggesting a pattern of decreased myelination or other degeneration change. Our findings of WM structural abnormalities associated with the limbic system, the frontal cortex, and the thalamus support the prevailing theory of limbic‐dorsolateral prefrontal cortex‐thalamic dysfunction in depression. Our results also suggest that these deficits are most prominent in the melancholic subtype of MDD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paired Box Gene 5 Is a Novel Tumor Suppressor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Interaction With p53 Signaling Pathway §Δ
Authors: Liu Weili , Li Xiaoxing , Chu Eagle S.H. , Go Minnie Y.Y. , Xu Lixia , Zhao Guijun , Li Lili , Dai Ning , Si Jianmin , Tao Qian , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Yu Jun 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

The

paired

box 5 (

PAX5

) is a member of

PAX

transcription factors family involved in the regulation of embryonic development. However, the role of PAX5 in carcinogenesis is largely unclear. We identified that

PAX5

is involved in human cancer by methylation-sensitive representational difference analysis. We examined the biological functions and related molecular mechanisms of

PAX5

in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Promoter methylation of

PAX5

was evaluated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS). The functions of ectopic PAX5 expression were determined by viability assay, colony formation, and cell cycle analyses, along with

in vivo

tumorigenicity assays. The

PAX5

target signal pathway was identified by promoter luciferase assay, chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and pathway PCR array.

PAX5

is expressed in normal human liver tissue, but silenced or down-regulated in 83% (10/12) of HCC cell lines. The mean expression level of

PAX5

was significantly lower in primary HCCs as compared to their adjacent normal tissues (

P

< 0.0001). The promoter methylation contributes to the inactivation of

PAX5
. Restoring

PAX5

expression in silenced HCC cell lines suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis

in vitro
, and inhibited tumor growth in nude mice (
P

< 0.0001). The pathway luciferase reporter assay indicated that

PAX5

activated p53 and p21 signaling. ChIP analysis demonstrated that

PAX5

directly bound to the

p53

promoter. The antitumorigenic function of

PAX5

was at least up-regulated by

p53

and its downstream targets including tumor necrosis factor, Fas ligand, leucine-rich repeats, and death domain-containing, poly(rC) binding protein 4, p21, and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible alpha.

Conclusion: PAX5

is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation in HCC.

PAX5

appears to be a functional tumor suppressor involved in liver carcinogenesis through direct regulation of the p53 signaling pathway. (Hepatology 2011)
Serum level of adiponectin and the risk of liver cancer development in chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Arano Toru , Nakagawa Hayato , Tateishi Ryosuke , Ikeda Hitoshi , Uchino Koji , Enooku Kenichiro , Goto Eriko , Masuzaki Ryota , Asaoka Yoshinari , Kondo Yuji , Goto Tadashi , Shiina Shuichiro , Omata Masao , Yoshida Haruhiko , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObesity and metabolic syndrome are recognized risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Dysregulation of adipokines, particularly the decreased secretion of adiponectin, appears to play a key role. To investigate the association between adiponectin and hepatocarcinogenesis, we conducted a large‐scale retrospective cohort study. We enrolled 325 patients with CHC (146 men, 179 women; mean age 58.0 ± 10.3 years) whose serum samples were collected between January 1994 and December 2002. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their serum adiponectin levels. We evaluated the association between adiponectin level and the risk of subsequent HCC development using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. Because average serum adiponectin level was higher in females than males, each gender was analyzed separately. Patients with CHC had significantly higher adiponectin levels than healthy controls. During the follow‐up period (mean: 9.0 years), HCC developed in 122 subjects. Unexpectedly, subjects with higher serum adiponectin levels had a higher incidence of HCC (males: p = 0.032; females: p = 0.01; log‐rank test). Multivariate analysis revealed that a high serum adiponectin level was independently associated with HCC development (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.07; p = 0.031 in females and HR = 1.82; p = 0.05 in males). Isoform analysis revealed that middle‐ and low‐molecular‐weight isoforms contributed to the risk of HCC. In conclusion, Patients who had CHC with high serum adiponectin levels had a higher risk of liver cancer development. Adiponectin may thus be tumorigenic or indicate a liver disease state independently of other clinical parameters.
Evapotranspiration adjustments for deficit‐irrigated corn using canopy temperature: A concept
Authors: Bausch Walter , Trout Thomas , Buchleiter Gerald 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTSustainability of irrigated agriculture with declining water supplies is a critical agricultural issue in the US Great Plains. Imposing water deficits on crops during noncritical growth periods must be implemented to maximize net economic output per unit of water consumed by the plant. An irrigation timing and amount determination for such a scenario is not a simple straight‐forward procedure. Methods that monitor plant stress indicators would appear to be most promising. Several canopy temperature‐based irrigation timing techniques exist that determine when to irrigate but do not indicate how much to irrigate. The reference ET‐crop coefficient procedure for determining crop ET which is used in fully irrigated crop conditions would be easiest to implement; however the water stress coefficient used in that procedure may not be applicable for prolonged periods of water stress. The objective of this study was to investigate use of a ratio of canopy temperature (Tc) measured over fully irrigated and water‐stressed corn (Zea mays L.) as a substitute for the water stress coefficient presently used in the reference ET‐crop coefficient concept. Preliminary results indicated that the Tc ratio is a reasonable quantitative water stress coefficient for calculating crop ET under water stress conditions. This ratio allows application of the crop coefficient method for scheduling deficit irrigation. Furthermore the Tc ratio lends itself to hourly incorporation of plant stress effects on crop ET since canopy temperature can be measured continuously throughout the day. Published in 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Comparison of Different Techniques to Assess Surface and Subsurface Streambed Colmation with Fine Sediments
Authors: Descloux Stéphane , Datry Thibault , Philippe Michel , Marmonier Pierre 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMethods commonly used to assess physical colmation are mainly based on observations of streambed surface. These methods have been widely used but remain relatively subjective because of the observer effect. Visual estimation, penetrometry, hydraulic conductivity and wooden stake methods were applied to assess colmation conditions on 9 reaches with the objective of comparing them with the direct measurement of fine sediment content in subsurface habitat using the freeze coring method. The results demonstrated that surface estimation efficiency in separating colmation level is relatively poor and cannot indicate the colmation pattern of the subsurface zone and thus could not be a good indicator of internal colmation. Among the different techniques used to estimate subsurface colmation, wooden stakes and penetrometry have presented inconstant results in assessing internal colmation. A high correlation between percentage of fine sediments from freeze coring and hydraulic conductivity (R2 = 0.98) was found. Hydraulic conductivity was therefore identified as the most accurate and robust method. Thus, this method could be proposed for large scale and long term colmation monitoring programs. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Description of Bryceella perpusilla n. sp. (Monogononta: Proalidae), a New Rotifer Species from Terrestrial Mosses, with Notes on the Ground Plan of Bryceella Remane, 1929
Authors: Wilts Eike F. , Arbizu Pedro Martínez , Ahlrichs Wilko H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe here describe the new proalid rotifer species Bryceella perpusilla n. sp. on the basis of light and electron microscopy. The species, certainly representing one of the smallest rotifer and even metazoan species at all, was obtained in January 2008 from terrestrial mosses of North‐west Germany. Bryceella perpusilla n. sp. is distinguished from other species of the genus by the very small size, the slender body outline, the short apical styli, the triangular rostrum, the outward curving, blunt and rod‐shaped toes, the four‐nucleated vitellogermarium, the slender manubria and the caudally directed alulae. With our observations, that can be used for future cladistic analyses of the Proalidae, we are able to define the generic diagnosis of Bryceella more precisely and to give an adapted species key. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The development and use of novel iridium complexes as catalysts for ortho‐directed hydrogen isotope exchange reactions
Authors: Nilsson Göran N. , Kerr William J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe preparation and application of groups of new iridium complexes are described. In particular, iridium complexes possessing phosphine ligands and a bulky N‐heterocyclic carbene have been shown to be robust and readily handled species and have been applied in a range of directed hydrogen–deuterium and –tritium exchange processes and, in particular, with drug‐like substrates or within ADMET‐related studies. Overall, these new iridium(I) complexes are shown to be highly active catalysts and display catalytic activity far in excess of the industry standard, Crabtree's catalyst, with excellent levels of labelling being achieved over short reaction times and at low metal complex loadings, while tolerating a wide range of functional moieties. Furthermore and again in contrast to systems employing Crabtree's catalyst, the low catalyst loadings and short reaction times made possible by these emerging iridium carbene complexes have delivered tritiated products with very good levels of labelling and without any appreciable by‐product waste production. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pd‐ and Pt‐catalyzed H/D exchange methods and their application for internal MS standard preparation from a Sanofi‐Aventis perspective
Authors: Atzrodt Jens , Derdau Volker 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis review addresses method developments both homogeneous and heterogeneous Pd‐ and Pt‐catalyzed exchange, including catalyst activation principles and recent practical applications together with example procedures. Specific requirements for isotopically labelled internal MS standard preparation are discussed from a Sanofi‐Aventis perspective on recent examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gait and behavior in an IL1β‐mediated model of rat knee arthritis and effects of an IL1 antagonist
Authors: Allen Kyle D. , Adams Samuel B. , Mata Brian A. , Shamji Mohammed F. , Gouze Elvire , Jing Liufang , Nettles Dana L. , Latt L. Daniel , Setton Lori A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInterleukin‐1 beta (IL1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine that mediates arthritic pathologies. Our objectives were to evaluate pain and limb dysfunction resulting from IL1β over‐expression in the rat knee and to investigate the ability of local IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) delivery to reverse‐associated pathology. IL1β over‐expression was induced in the right knees of 30 Wistar rats via intra‐articular injection of rat fibroblasts retrovirally infected with human IL1β cDNA. A subset of animals received a 30 µl intra‐articular injection of saline or human IL1Ra on day 1 after cell delivery (0.65 µg/µl hIL1Ra, n = 7 per group). Joint swelling, gait, and sensitivity were investigated over 1 week. On day 8, animals were sacrificed and joints were collected for histological evaluation. Joint inflammation and elevated levels of endogenous IL1β were observed in knees receiving IL1β‐infected fibroblasts. Asymmetric gaits favoring the affected limb and heightened mechanical sensitivity (allodynia) reflected a unilateral pathology. Histopathology revealed cartilage loss on the femoral groove and condyle of affected joints. Intra‐articular IL1Ra injection failed to restore gait and sensitivity to preoperative levels and did not reduce cartilage degeneration observed in histopathology. Joint swelling and degeneration subsequent to IL1β over‐expression is associated limb hypersensitivity and gait compensation. Intra‐articular IL1Ra delivery did not result in marked improvement for this model; this may be driven by rapid clearance of administered IL1Ra from the joint space. These results motivate work to further investigate the behavioral consequences of monoarticular arthritis and sustained release drug delivery strategies for the joint space. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:694–703, 2011
Fundamental studies on the electrokinetic transfer of net cationic peptides across supported liquid membranes
Authors: Balchen Marte , Hatterud Anne Guro , Reubsaet Léon , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBy the application of an electrical potential difference (25 V), 37 different peptides were extracted from 500 μL aqueous sample (10 mM formic acid, positive electrode), through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) impregnated in the walls of a porous hollow fiber, and into 25 μL aqueous acceptor solution (100 mM formic acid, negative electrode) present inside the lumen of the fiber. Most of the peptides were obtained by tryptic digestion of cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin, which yielded complex samples for extraction. Three different SLMs were utilized to correlate the peptides extractability with the highly variable physical–chemical properties of the peptides. The first SLM (pure eugenol) provided an electromembrane extraction system for hydrophobic and intermediate peptides (hydrophilicity values below 0.2), where the extraction of peptides into the SLM was mainly based on solvent interactions. The second SLM (1‐octanol/di‐isobutylketone/di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate) extracted both hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptides (hydrophilicity values in the range from −2 to+1) successfully, and the transfer of peptides was principally based on ionic interactions with di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate. The third SLM (1‐octanol/15‐crown‐5 ether) was selective for hydrophobic peptides (negative hydrophilicity values), and complexation of the peptides with the crown ether was important for the migration of peptides into the acceptor solution.
The first steps into the third age: the retirement process from a Swedish perspective
Authors: Jonsson Hans 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper summarizes the results of five related studies of the retirement process from an occupational perspective. A group of 32 Swedish men and women were followed longitudinally over the retirement transition in repeated interviews that were analysed using a narrative methodology. The results showed that the freedom that comes with retirement could be experienced as a paradox when few demands or expectations were present in their lives. The analysis of the narratives also revealed that the presence or absence of engaging occupations was critical for the experience of a good life as retiree. These results are consistent with Laslett's definition of developmental life tasks appropriate for persons entering the ‘Third Age’, which begins at retirement and are offering freedom and possibilities for new engagement. The results have implications on possible arenas where an occupational perspective could contribute to knowledge in support of individual engagement in retirement and in social policies regarding volunteer work. One example is shown how occupational therapists have initiated community preventive work to enhance. engaging occupation in retirement. As these studies are limited to participants from one country, further studies in other countries and in other cultures about the retirement transition is needed to expand knowledge. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization and surface properties of poly(lactic acid)–perfluoropolyether block copolymers
Authors: Singh Akhilesh , Naskar Amit K , Haynes Dahlia , Drews Michael J , Smith Dennis W 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLaboratory‐scale synthesis and morphological and surface energy characterization of triblock A–B–A copolymers based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA; A segment) containing various block lengths of perfluoropolyether (PFPE; B segment) at 5 wt% PFPE content are reported. Incorporation of PFPE segments in PLA lowers significantly both the polar and dispersive components of total surface energy. Total surface energy is lowered from ca 35 to ca 17 mN m−1 on copolymerization of PLA with 5 wt% PFPE. Thermal analysis data reveal that lower molecular weight PFPE segments lower significantly the glass transition, crystallization and melting temperatures of the PLA matrix. Although block length variation of the PFPE segment does not affect surface energies of copolymer films, smaller PFPE segments increase significantly the low‐temperature modulus as observed from dynamic mechanical analysis. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of glycosylation in structure and stability of Erythrina corallodendron lectin (EcorL): A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Kaushik Sandeep , Mohanty Debasisa , Surolia Avadhesha 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effect of glycosylation on structure and stability of glycoproteins has been a topic of considerable interest. In this work, we have investigated the solution conformation of the oligosaccharide and its effect on the structure and stability of the glycoprotein by carrying out a series of long Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on glycosylated Erythrina corallodendron lectin (EcorL) and nonglycosylated recombinant Erythrina corallodendron lectin (rEcorL). Our results indicate that, despite the similarity in overall three dimensional structures, glycosylated EcorL has lesser nonpolar solvent accessible surface area compared to nonglycosylated EcorL. This might explain the experimental observation of higher thermodynamic stability for glycosylated EcorL compared to nonglycosylated EcorL. Analysis of the simulation results indicates that, dynamic view of interactions between protein residues and oligosaccharide is entirely different from the static picture seen in the crystal structure. The oligosaccharide moiety had dynamically stable interactions with Lys 55 and Tyr 53, both of which are separated in sequence from the site of glycosylation, Asn 17. It is possible that glycosylation helps in forming long‐range contacts between amino acids, which are separated in sequence and thus provides a folding nucleus. Thus our simulations not only reveal the conformations sampled by the oligosaccharide, but also provide novel insights into possible molecular mechanisms by which glycosylation can help in folding of the glycoprotein by formation of folding nucleus involving specific contacts with the oligosaccharide moiety.
The accuracy of the standard resistivity–concentration conversion practice estimated by measuring the segregation coefficient of boron and phosphorous in Cz‐Si
Authors: Giannattasio Armando , Giaquinta Andrea , Porrini Maria 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effective segregation coefficient of boron and phosphorous has been extrapolated from resistivity data collected for a large number of commercial Cz‐Si crystals, pulled in similar experimental conditions. A small solidified fraction of the Si melt volume and different initial concentrations of the doping species in the melt have been considered in this study. The dopant concentration in the solid phase has been estimated by converting the resistivity of the Si crystal to the corresponding dopant concentration, according to the standard conversion practice recommended by SEMI. A dependence of the effective segregation coefficient on the initial dopant concentration in the melt has been found experimentally for two specific ranges of concentration. A possible explanation for such dependence, including the effect of the crucible dissolution and the local inaccuracy of the standard resistivity–concentration conversion procedure, is suggested.