bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of photosynthesis and modification of the wheat leaf proteome by Ptr ToxB: A host‐specific toxin from the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Bouras Noureddine , Kav Nat N. V. , Strelkov Stephen E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis, is an important foliar disease of wheat. The fungus produces the host‐specific, chlorosis‐inducing toxin Ptr ToxB. To better understand toxin action, we examined the effects of Ptr ToxB on sensitive wheat. Photosynthesis, as measured by infrared gas analysis, declined significantly within 12 h of toxin treatment, prior to the development of chlorosis at 48–72 h. Analysis by 2‐DE revealed a total of 102 protein spots with significantly altered intensities 12–36 h after toxin treatment, of which 66 were more abundant and 36 were less abundant than in the buffer‐treated control. The identities of 47 of these spots were established by MS/MS, and included proteins involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, and the stress/defense response. Based on the declines in photosynthesis and the identities of the differentially abundant proteins, we hypothesize that Ptr ToxB causes a rapid disruption in the photosynthetic processes of sensitive wheat, leading to the generation of ROS and oxidative stress. Although the photoprotective and repair mechanisms of the host appear to initially still be functional, they are probably overwhelmed by the continued production of ROS, leading to chlorophyll photooxidation and the development of chlorosis.
Investigation of ice‐wedge infilling processes using stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, crystallography and occluded gases (O2, N2, Ar)
Authors: St‐Jean Mélanie , Lauriol Bernard , Clark Ian D. , Lacelle Denis , Zdanowicz Christian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe source and mechanism of infill of ice wedges of various ages (modern to Pleistocene) were examined for sites in the western Arctic. Several techniques were employed, including stable O‐H isotope and crystallographic analyses of the ice, and gas composition (O2, N2 and Ar) analyses of air entrapped in the ice. The results indicate that climatic and site‐specific conditions may influence the source of infilling during ice‐wedge growth, so that wedge ice in wet and dry environments exhibits different characteristics. For example, Vault Creek tunnel (Alaska) ice wedges, dating from the Late Pleistocene, a cold and dry period, preserved stable O‐H isotopes and gas compositions similar to those expected for ice formed by snow densification. In contrast, ice wedges from the Old Crow region (Yukon), dating from the Late Holocene, preserved isotopic and gas compositions more comparable with those expected for ice formed by the freezing of liquid water. In both ice‐wedge types, the δ(O2/Ar) values are much lower than both dissolved and atmospheric values, which may be due to the respiration of microorganisms living within ice bubbles or interstitial water at the grain boundaries. The elevated δ18OO2 (up to 16‰) of the occluded gases supports the occurrence of microbial respiration. However, the δ(N2/Ar) values do not appear to have been affected by biological processes, and as such are reflective of the infilling processes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MDockPP: A hierarchical approach for protein‐protein docking and its application to CAPRI rounds 15–19
Authors: Huang Sheng‐You , Zou Xiaoqin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA hierarchical approach has been developed for protein‐protein docking. In the first step, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)‐based docking algorithm is used to globally sample all putative binding modes, in which the protein is represented by a reduced model, that is, each side chain on the protein surface is represented by its center of mass. Compared to conventional FFT docking with all‐atom models, the FFT docking method with a reduced model is expected to generate more hits because it allows larger side‐chain flexibility. Next, the filtered binding modes (normally several thousands) are refined by an iteratively derived knowledge‐based scoring function ITScorePP and by considering backbone/loop flexibility using an ensemble docking algorithm. The distance‐dependent potentials of ITScorePP were extracted by a physics‐based iterative method, which circumvents the long‐standing reference state problem in the knowledge‐based approaches. With this hierarchical protocol, we have participated in the CAPRI experiments for Rounds 15–19 of 11 targets (T32‐T42). In the predictor experiments, we achieved correct binding modes for six targets: three are with high accuracy (T40 for both distinct binding modes, T41, and T42), two are with medium accuracy (T34 and T37), and one is acceptable (T32). In the scorer experiments, of the seven target complexes that contain at least one acceptable mode submitted by the CAPRI predictor groups, we obtained correct binding modes for four targets: three are with high accuracy (T37, T40, and T41) and one is with medium accuracy (T34), suggesting good accuracy and robustness of ITScorePP. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selectivity of chlorantraniliprole to parasitoid wasps
Authors: Brugger Kristin E , Cole Peter G , Newman Ingrid C , Parker Nathaniel , Scholz Brad , Suvagia Pankaj , Walker Graham , Hammond Timothy G 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chlorantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide registered for use in vegetables, fruits, grains and turf against a variety of insect pests. The objective of this article is to summarize results of acute toxicity testing of chlorantraniliprole on seven species of parasitic wasps with wide geographic distribution and relevance to different crops and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes.RESULTS: Tier‐1, worst‐case laboratory studies evaluated wasp survival and reproduction following different exposure concentrations and scenarios to chlorantraniliprole (i.e. fresh‐dried spray deposits on glass plates, direct contact, ingestion, egg card, dipped leaf residue bioassays, sprayed mummies). No statistically significant effects on adult survival, percentage parasitism or emergence were observed following exposures to chlorantraniliprole compared with controls.CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole was harmless to the parasitoid wasp species tested according to IOBC classification criteria (<30% effects) and may be a useful tool in IPM programmes. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of phenylpyridyldiketopyrrolopyrrole interaction with hydrogen in gas and in acids
Authors: Salyk Ota , Vyňuchal Jan , Kratochvílová Irena , Todorciuc Tatiana , Pavluch Jiří , Toman Petr 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this work, we applied experimental and theoretical techniques to study the influence of hydrogenation on the electrical properties of a derivative of diketodiphenylpyrrolopyrrole – phenylpyridyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (PPDP). From the experimental results and theoretical models it follows that the suitable reaction of PPDP with hydrogen can modulate the material electronic properties (ionization potential (IP), surface potential, conductivity).
Effect of the deposition rate on ITO thin film properties prepared by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) technique
Authors: Meng Li‐Jian , Teixeira V. , dos Santos M. P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIndium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates at room temperature by ion beam assisted deposition technique at different deposition rates (0.1–0.3 nm/s). The effects of the deposition rate on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the deposited films have been studied. The optical constants of the deposited films were calculated by fitting the transmittance spectra using the semi‐quantum model. Considering the application for the electromagnetic wave shielding which needs a high IR reflectance, the optimising deposition rate is 0.2 nm/s. The films prepared at this deposition rate shows a relative high IR reflectance (60%), a good electrical conductivity (5 × 10−3 Ω cm), and a reasonable transmittance in the visible region (over 80%).
Optical and transport properties of Ti‐doped In2O3 thin films prepared by electron beam physical vapour deposition
Authors: Sánchez‐Marcos J. , Ochando I. M. , Galindo R. Escobar , Martínez‐Morillas R. , Prieto C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTi‐doped In2O3 (ITiO) thin films have been prepared by electron beam physical vapour deposition (EB‐PVD). Their optical and electrical properties are studied for the obtained compositions. After oxygen annealing all samples show excellent optical transparence; additionally, maximum values for conductivity are obtained for samples with titanium contents near 6 at.%, with typical resistivity values of 4 × 10−5 Ω cm. Finally, the band‐gap energy evolution is studied for the set of samples.
Effects of the local field and inherent deformation in reflectance anisotropy spectra of AIIIBV semiconductor surfaces
Authors: Berkovits V. L. , Gordeeva A. B. , Kosobukin V. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractReflectance anisotropy (RA) spectra of naturally oxidized GaAs(001) and InAs(001) surfaces reveal features that differ qualitatively from those caused by reconstruction of clean surfaces or surface electric fields of the crystals. We show that the observed RA spectra of the semiconductor/oxide systems are simultaneously influenced by interface and near‐surface anisotropies whose physical origins are different. The interface anisotropy is associated with anisotropic polarizability of the valence bonds belonging to a monatomic layer of excess As atoms occurring between the crystal and oxide. The near‐surface anisotropy is due to uniaxial strain of a near‐surface region of the crystals.
The influence of pH on the structure of adenine monolayers adsorbed at Au(110)/electrolyte interfaces
Authors: Bowfield A. , Smith C. I. , Mansley C. P. , Weightman P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe pH of the solution is shown to significantly effect the reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) profiles of adenine adsorbed at Au(110)/electrolyte interfaces. At pH 12.8 the net adsorption is very weak due the formation of negative adenine ions in solution. The sensitivity of the RAS profiles to the pH of the solution is probably due to a change in the geometry of the adsorbed molecules caused by a disruption of the base stacking configuration that is adopted when adenine is adsorbed from solutions at pH 7.1
Raman scattering in silicon disordered by gold ion implantation
Authors: Lavrentiev Vasily , Vacik Jiri , Vorlicek Vladimir , Vosecek Vaclav 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSi (111) covered by a 250‐nm thick SiO2 surface layer has been disordered through implantation of 3.035 MeV gold ions within broad range of fluences from 1 × 1013 ions/cm2 to 1 × 1016 ions/cm2. Raman spectroscopy (514.5 nm laser) was applied for characterization of the silicon disordering. Variation of the Raman spectra of silicon after low‐fluence implantation (fluences lower than 5 × 1014 ions/cm2) in the vicinity of the transverse optical phonon (1TO) peak reflects the coexistence of bulk Si crystals (c‐Si) and Si nanocrystals (nc‐Si) in the implanted layer. Implantation with higher fluences yields only the stable 470 cm−1 1TO peak, corresponding to formation of amorphous phase (a‐Si), in this region of the spectra. Detailed analysis of the silicon disorder was performed through calculation of the transverse acoustical phonon (1TA) peak area. The fluence dependence of the peak area reveals qualitative correlation with the depth profile of structural defects in the modified Si layer evaluated from RBS (Rutherford backscattering) experiment and from SRIM (stopping and range of ions in matter) code simulation. This correlation suggests a decrease of the structural disorder in the modified layer region enriched by vacancies.
AlN bulk crystal growth by sublimation method
Authors: Kato Tomohisa , Nagai Ichiro , Miura Tomonori , Kamata Hiroyuki , Naoe Kunihiro , Sanada Kazuo , Okumura Hajime 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, we report the growth of aluminum nitride (AlN) bulk single crystals by the sublimation method. The crystals were grown in a newly designed TaC crucible. The crucible has a TaC guard ring around the seed crystal to protect against polycrystal deposition around the seed crystal during the initial growth stage. The ring enhances lateral enlargement growth because it protects against the polycrystal deposition. The (0001) oriented AlN crystals were grown on (0001) SiC and (0001) AlN seed crystals. The largest grown crystal was 43 mm in diameter. The best quality area on the grown AlN crystal had the lowest etch pit density of 1 × 10‐4cm‐2. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanical properties characterization of c ‐plane (0001) and m ‐plane (10–10) GaN by nanoindentation examination
Authors: Fujikane Masaki , Inoue Akira , Yokogawa Toshiya , Nagao Shijo , Nowak Roman 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe mechanical properties of m‐plane (10–10) GaN single crystal was measured by nanoindentation examination for the first time. Young's modulus, Berkovich hardness and conical hardness were 284.2 GPa, 15.0 GPa and 15.7 GPa for m‐plane GaN respectively. In contrast, those values in c‐plane (0001) GaN were higher such as 323.8 GPa, 20.0 GPa and 21.2 GPa, respectively. Cathodoluminescence observed dislocation density distribution on m‐plane GaN surface which was gradually decreased following the direction from –c axis edge to +c axis edge. By analyzing the correlation between dislocation density distribution and yield shear stress, we derived a relational equation that reprised the inverse Hall‐Petch relation. This study suggested the possibility for evaluating the reliability for GaN based light emitting device by nanoindentation technique. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on structural and optical properties of Cu‐Sb‐O thin films
Authors: Chaglabou Nadia , Akkari Ferid Chaffar , Kanzari Mounir 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe report in this paper the structural and optical properties of Cu‐Sb‐O thin films systems. Samples were prepared via sequential thermal vacuum deposition of Cu and Sb or Sb and Cu (10‐5 Torr) on glass substrates after what they were heated in vacuum at 200 °C for 1 hour. So, the obtained intermetallic multilayer systems (Cu/Sb)j=1,2,3 and (Sb/Cu)j=1,2,3 were annealed in air atmosphere between 30°C and 400 °C for 3 h for j=1; for 6 h for j=2 and for 9 h for j=3. These films were characterized for their structural, surface morphological, compositional, and optical properties by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and optical (transmittance and reflectance) measurement techniques. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed the presence of CuO, Sb2O3 and Sb2O4phases. The absorption coefficient of Cu‐Sb‐O thin films in all cases is in the range104‐105 cm‐1. The films after annealing have two direct band gap energies in the ranges 1.48–1.50 eV and 2.20‐2.95 eV. The electrical measurements show a conversion from a metallic phase to the semiconductor phase after annealing. The samples exhibit p‐type conductivity after annealing in air of the intermetallic multilayer systems (Cu/Sb)j=3 and (Sb/Cu)j=3. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of the substrate temperature on the properties of the RF sputtered TiO2 thin films
Authors: Ben Mbarek I. , Chaabouni F. , Selmi M. , Abaab M. , Rezig B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on glass and silicon substrates at different substrate temperatures (20, 100, 200 and 300 °C). The structural and morphological characteristics of the films were investigated by X ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) while the optical properties of the films were studied by optical spectroscopy. It was shown that at room temperature, TiO2 films grown on glass were amorphous following the substrate structure. At higher temperatures, XRD detected only a nanocrystalline rutile TiO2 structure. This indicated that the transition temperature toward the most stable TiO2 phase was obtained from 100 °C and the crystallinity was enhanced at higher growth temperature. For TiO2 films grown on Si substrates, only a nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 structure was obtained at room temperature. At higher temperatures, we noticed the appearance of other secondary phases related to rutile, anatase and brookite structures. From AFM images, we noticed that at room temperature, the films were porous. With increasing the temperature, the structure of the films became crystallized showing a columnar structure. Film growth and structural properties were discussed in terms of the Thornton model. From optical analysis, the films were transparent with an indirect band gap and a refraction index which reached 3.09 eV and 2.7, respectively. The reflectance and transmittance spectra showed, not only that there was a little translation from UVB to UVA and near‐visible range, but also a decrease of reflection with a temperature increase indicating that the films could be used as anti‐reflection coatings. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman study of doped‐ZnO thin films grown by rf sputtering
Authors: Cerqueira M. F. , Rolo A. G. , Viseu T. , Ayres de Campos J. , de Lacerda‐Arôso T. , Oliveira F. , Vasilevskiy M. I. , Alves E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA Raman spectroscopy study of doped versus undoped ZnO layers is presented. The layers were grown by RF magnetron sputtering and the doping with Al, Sb and Mn was achieved by ion implantation with subsequent annealing. First‐order Raman response measured under λ=488 nm excitation is discussed. It is shown that doping with any of the impurities used in this work produces a strong enhancement of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon band, which is attributed to the intra‐band Fröhlich mechanism. In addition, doping with Mn results in an extra mode located at 530 cm‐1, tentatively attributed to a local vibrational mode of Mn substituting Zn in the lattice sites. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bonding characters of M‐Cd4Te4 and M‐Cd3Te3 (M = Cr, Cu, Ag, Al, Cd, and Zn) clusters
Authors: Xu Shuhong , Wang Chunlei , Cui Yiping 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAt DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ theoretical level, conformations, bonding characters and Molecular Orbital (MO) of M‐Cd4Te4 and M‐Cd3Te3 (M = Cr, Cu, Ag, Al, Cd, and Zn) molecules are investigated. First, through analysis of conformations and bonding characters, we conclude that different doping atoms have different influence on doping structures. Al atom can form bonding with Cd atoms in doping molecules. Besides, as for M‐Cd4Te4 and M‐Cd3Te3 structures, there are different characters and conformations as to the same doping atoms. Second, MO is used to discuss characters of bonding. We believe that doping atoms influence the orbital characters and make the transition change. Moreover, different conformations for the same doping atoms induce different transitions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
NH···S and SH···N intramolecular hydrogen bond in β‐thioaminoacrolein: A quantum chemical study
Authors: Nowroozi A. , Roohi H. , Poorsargol M. , Jahani P. Mohammadzadeh , Hajiabadi H. , Raissi H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe conformational study of β‐thioaminoacrolein was performed at various theoretical levels, HF, B3LYP, and MP2 with 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set, and the equilibrium conformations were determined. To have more reliable energies, the total energies of all conformers were recomputed at high‐level ab initio methods, G2MP2, G3, and CBS‐QB3. According to these calculations, the intramolecular hydrogen bond is accepted as the origin of conformational preference in thialamine (TAA) and thiolimine groups. The hydrogen bond strength in various resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond systems was evaluated by HB energy, geometrical parameters, topological parameters, and charge transfers corresponding to orbital interactions. Furthermore, our results reveal that the TAA tautomer has extra stability with respect to the other tautomers. The population analyses of the possible conformations by NBO predict that the origin of this preference is mainly due to the π‐electron delocalization in framework of TAA forms, especially usual πCC→ π*CSand Lp (N) → π*CCcharge transfers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Vulnerability of wild American ginseng to an extreme early spring temperature fluctuation
Authors: Souther Sara , McGraw James B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFrost events in natural plant populations can have dramatic demographic consequences. For many plant species, spring emergence occurs when probability of damaging frost is low. Climate change, however, may alter weather patterns such that the environmental cues signaling spring emergence no longer coincide with periods of low frost risk, rendering plant populations susceptible to damaging frost events more frequently than in the past. In 2007, a spring freeze occurred in the eastern United States after a period of unusually warm temperatures. We took advantage of a long‐term demographic dataset for American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) to examine among and within population patterns of frost damage, as well as the effects of the frost on ginseng demography. Higher temperatures prior to the frost event increased the probability and extent of frost damage at the population level. Within populations, large plants tended to be damaged more frequently than smaller plants. Survival, growth, and reproduction were reduced in frost‐damaged plants compared to undamaged plants in the year of the frost event, and negative effects on growth and reproduction persisted the following year. For plants such as ginseng, increases in frost frequency will negatively impact population growth, and likely have serious ramifications for long‐term population viability.
Expanded newborn screening: social and ethical issues
Authors: Dhondt Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNewborn screening and genetic testing have expanded rapidly in the last decade with the advent of multiplex (e.g., tandem mass spectrometry) and/or DNA technologies. However, screening panels include a large number of disorders, which may not meet all of the traditional screening criteria, established in late 1960s, and used for years to justify screening programs. After a period of expansion driven by technological advances, many reports have reconsidered the justification of expanded programs. Many factors have contributed to test‐panel discrepancies between countries. The test‐panel review methodology, the way health benefits are weighed against harms, and the socioeconomic–political environment all play a role. Expansion of screening also requires reconsideration of the infrastructure (ideally, in the context of national plans for rare diseases) to support testing, counselling, education, treatment, and follow‐up. Consequently, economic aspects cannot be ignored and can be a limitation for expansion. New ethical questions have emerged: risks of discrimination or stigmatization, respect of the autonomy of persons to make decisions, parental anxiety resulting from a false positive test (especially when reporting to parents screening results for untreatable conditions identified as by‐products of screening), etc. For disorders where there is not yet confirmation of benefit, it may be prudent to recommend pilot screening and to have a mechanism that can be used to adapt or even to stop a program.