bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of Ross River viraemia in a mouse model – implications for transfusion transmission
Authors: Shang G. , Seed C. R. , Gahan M. E. , Rolph M. S. , Mahalingam S. 
Published: September 2011

Background and Objectives  There is little data on the duration of viraemia following infection with Ross River virus (RRV), the most common cause of arbovirus disease in Australia. In particular, no accurate estimate exists for the duration of pre‐symptomatic RRV infection, which is important in assessing the potential for transfusion transmission.Materials and Methods  We used an established mouse model of RRV infection involving adult Swiss outbred mice to measure viraemia following infection. Applying our experimental data to a published probabilistic model for estimating the risk of dengue transmission by transfused blood, we derived comparable risk estimates for RRV.Results  Ross River virus RNA was measured using highly sensitive real‐time PCR in serum samples to determine the duration of asymptomatic viraemia, which typically lasted 5 days, but extended to 9 days in some mice. Assuming the potential for transfusion transmission is proven, the risk of RRV transmission by blood during a 2004 outbreak in Cairns, Australia was retrospectively estimated as 1 in 13 542 (range from 1 in 4765 to 47 563).Conclusion  This study provides updated epidemiological data useful to underpin modelling to assess the potential risk of transfusion‐transmitted RRV. Using an established model for dengue, the risk estimate for RRV transmission is comparable in the same geographical region. Should transfusion be proven as a route of transmission, this supports consideration of appropriate mitigation strategies to safeguard blood recipients.
Detection ofEncephalitozoon cuniculiin the feline cataractous lens
Authors: Benz Petra , Maaß Günter , Csokai Jacqueline , Fuchs‐Baumgartinger Andrea , Schwendenwein Ilse , Tichy Alexander , Nell Barbara 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose Identification ofEncephalitozoon cuniculi(E. cuniculi) as a possible causative agent for cataracts and uveitis in cats.Methods Within a 12‐month study period, cats that were presented with focal anterior cortical or mature cataract and secondary uveitis underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, serologic tests forE. cuniculiand tests forfeline immunodeficiency virus(FIV),feline infectious peritonitis(FIP),feline leukemia virus(FeLV) andToxoplasma gondii(T. gondii). PCR for DNA detection ofE. cuniculiandT. gondiias well as cytologic examination of aqueous humor after paracentesis and phacoemulsified lens material were also performed. In addition histopathologic examination of the resected anterior lens capsule and attached lens epithelial cells was performed. Serologic testing for antibodies againstE. cuniculiwas also performed in 100 ophthalmologically healthy cats.Results Eleven (19 eyes) European shorthair cats with a median age of 3.5 years were included. Nine of 11 cats had bilateral cataracts, with 12/19 eyes having focal anterior cortical cataracts and 7/19 eyes having mature cataracts. In 14/19 eyes anterior uveitis was present. All cats had a positive antibody titer (1:80–1:10 000) forE. cuniculi.Encephalitozoon cuniculiDNA was detected by PCR and sequencing in 18/19 lenses and in 10/19 aqueous samples. Five tentative positive results were detected by cytologic examination. Spores were detected in 15/19 samples of lens material with histopathologic staining. Only 2/100 ophthalmologically healthy cats showed a positive antibody titer forE. cuniculi.Conclusion Encephalitozoon cuniculiis a cause of focal anterior cortical cataract and anterior uveitis in cats.
Intraocular ALλ amyloidoma with plasma cell neoplasia in a cat
Authors: Kershaw Olivia , Linek Jens , Linke Reinhold P. , Gruber Achim D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old, neutered male domestic short‐hair cat was presented with buphthalmos of the right eye and diagnosed with advanced glaucoma. Sonographic examination revealed an iridial thickening. Neoplasia was suspected and an enucleation was performed. Histopathology of the enucleated eye revealed abundant amyloid deposition predominantly in the anterior uveal tract accompanied by few to moderate numbers of well‐differentiated plasma cells. The amyloid deposits were identified by staining with Congo red and showing green birefringence under polarized light. Immunohistochemically, amyloid and plasma cells stained intensely only with anti‐ALλ antibody, supporting the amyloid tumor being an immunoglobulin‐λ‐light chain origin. Additional abnormalities included narrowing of the filtration angle and collapse of the ciliary cleft, and trabecular meshwork. One year post‐enucleation, the cat was still healthy without signs of systemic amyloidosis or apparent metastatic disease. This is the first report of a cat with noncutaneous extramedullary plasmacytoma originating in the anterior uveal tract with resulting local amyloid.
Macrophakia in three cats
Authors: Benz Petra , Walde Ingo , Gumpenberger Michaela , Nell Barbara 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis report describes three cases of bilateral macrophakia in 3‐, 5‐, and 9‐year‐old cats, respectively. All cats were presented because of visual deficits. Ophthalmic examination revealed macrophakia (the vitreous was replaced by the lens) and retinal changes (tapetal hyper‐reflectivity, attenuation of retinal vessels, and retinal folds) in all cats. In addition, bilateral subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse in one cat and microphthalmos in another cat were present. To confirm the ophthalmologic diagnosis of macrophakia, gross pathology examination in one cat and ultrasound examination in another cat were performed.
Characterization of membranous (M) cells in normal feline conjunctiva‐associated lymphoid tissue (CALT)
Authors: Giuliano Elizabeth A. , Finn Kevin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective To characterize conjunctival lymphoid nodules obtained from the nictitans of healthy cats to determine if the follicle‐associated epithelium (FAE) of conjunctiva‐associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) in this species contains membranous (M)‐cells analogous to those described in other regions of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).Methods Lymphoid follicles from nictitan bulbar surfaces of 10 healthy cats (20 eyes total) were examined. Nictitans from five cats were harvested immediately post‐mortem and a minimum of 12 lymphoid nodules from each third eyelid were isolated using a Zeiss operating microscope. At least three lymphoid follicles from each eye were examined using light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using standard fixation and embedding protocols. Nictitan‐lymphoid follicles from another five healthy cats were processed for immunohistochemistry to characterize the distribution of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes present beneath the FAE.Results The FAE overlying CALT from 10 healthy cats demonstrated morphology characteristic of M‐cells including attenuated apical cell surface with blunted microvilli and microfolds, invaginated basolateral membrane forming a cytoplasmic pocket, and diminished distance between the apical and pocket membrane. Immunohistochemistry of lymphoid tissue subtending the FAE demonstrated B‐cell dependent regions in the germinal centers surrounded by T‐cell dependent interfollicular zones.Conclusions Healthy feline CALT contains morphologic features analogous to those described in other regions of MALT. Documentation of feline conjunctival M‐cells is of clinical relevance in the study of primary infectious, allergic, and autoimmune ocular diseases, as well as a potential means of vaccination or drug delivery.
Acremoniumkeratomycosis in a cat
Authors: Binder Daniel R. , Sugrue Jesse E. , Herring Ian P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA 14‐year‐old, female spayed Domestic Short‐haired cat was presented for evaluation of progressive superficial corneal ulceration with mucoid ocular discharge, blepharospasm, and conjunctival hyperemia OD. Upon examination, ulcerative keratitis with stromal loss, chemosis, corneal edema, miosis, aqueous flare, and hyphema were noted. Corneal cytology revealed branching, septate fungal hyphae with bulbous terminations and associated ovoid structures, with suppurative inflammation. Fungal culture of corneal swabs confirmed the presence ofAcremonium, although PCR of the cytology sample was negative. Ten days of treatment with topical 1% miconazole resulted in clinical deterioration before switching to topical 1% voriconazole solution, which was successful in resolving the infection. The apparent clinical efficacy of the topical antifungals used contrasted with thein vitrosusceptibility profile.
Corneal hemangiosarcoma in a cat
Authors: Cazalot G. , Regnier A. , Deviers A. , Serra F. , Lucas M. N. , Etienne C. L. , Raymond Letron I. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA 10 year‐old castrated male Domestic Short‐hair cat with a history of chronic bilateral keratitis was referred for assessment of a red, elevated mass involving the left cornea. The rapid growth of the mass, over a month period in combination with pronounced vascularization and invasion of the corneal surface suggested an aggressive inflammatory or neoplastic process. Following keratectomy, the lesion was diagnosed histopathologically as a hemangiosarcoma. The tumor recurred locally within 3 weeks and enucleation was performed. Histopathologic examination of the globe confirmed the diagnosis and did not reveal infiltration of the limbus and conjunctiva. No signs of local recurrence or metastatic disease have been observed 18 months following enucleation. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first case of primary corneal hemangiosarcoma described in the feline species.
Individual versus team‐based case‐management for clients of opioid treatment services: An initial evaluation of what clients prefer
Authors: DAY CAROLYN A. , DEMIRKOL APO , TYNAN MAGGIE , CURRY KENNETH , HINES SUSAN , LINTZERIS NICK , HABER PAUL S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Case‐management is a client‐centred intervention to improve the coordination and continuity of delivery of services for people with complex needs. This service has been incorporated into opioid treatment programs in various ways. This study was undertaken to compare two case‐management models, termed individual case‐management (ICM) and team‐based case‐management (TBCM). This study aims to describe the new TBCM and client attitudes to, and acceptance of, this model compared with ICM.Design and Methods. Clients from two opioid treatment programs, one implementing ICM and one implementing the TBCM, were recruited to undertake a self‐complete survey examining satisfaction with case‐management during dosing hours over 7 months. Surveys took approximately 10 min to complete.Results. One hundred and sixty‐three clients were surveyed (62 ICM, 101 TBCM). Clients were demographically similar, but differed in terms of treatment and drug use characteristics. Significantly higher ratings of case‐management were reported from TBCM compared with ICM clients for help with opiate use (P < 0.001), other drug use (P < 0.001), mental health (P < 0.001), accommodation (P = 0.023), relationships/parenting (P = 0.003) and physical health (P = 0.002) and clinic services in terms of fairness and consistency, safety, respect, staff quality and confidentiality (P < 0.001). Compared with ICM clients, TBCM clients were more likely to report ease of access to case‐management (P < 0.001), wait significantly less time to see a case‐manager (38% vs. 7% seen same day) and 93% and 47% of clients, respectively, reported satisfaction with treatment (P < 0.001).Discussion and Conclusions. These initial data indicate client acceptance and satisfaction with the TBCM model. Further evaluation of the model, including cost‐effectiveness, is warranted.[Day CA, Demirkol A, Tynan M, Curry K, Hines S, Lintzeris N, Haber PS. Individual versus team‐based case‐management for clients of opioid treatment services: An initial evaluation of what clients prefer. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:499–506]
Risk of Herpes zoster in patients with psoriasis treated with biologic drugs
Authors: Dreiher J. , Kresch F.S. , Comaneshter D. , Cohen A.D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Little is known about the risk of herpes zoster (HZ), among patients with psoriasis treated with biologic drugs.Objective  To determine the incidence of HZ in patients with psoriasis and the association between HZ and use of biologic drugs in these patients.Methods  The study was performed utilizing the medical database of Clalit Health Services in Israel. The incidence of HZ events was calculated among patients with psoriasis treated with phototherapy, traditional systemic medications and biologic drugs. Incidence rates of HZ events were calculated for each medication, as well as hazard ratios adjusted for age, sex and healthcare utilization burden.Results  Among 22 330 psoriasis patients (215 656 person‐years), 1321 HZ cases were diagnosed. The crude incidence rates per 1000 person‐years were 6.0 for UVB phototherapy (95% confidence interval (CI), 0–12.8), 10.1 for PUVΑ (1.3–19.0), 5.4 for acitretin (2.2–8.7), 17.0 for methotrexate (10.6–23.4), 13.9 for etanercept (0.3–27.4), 19.3 for infliximab (0–45.8) and 4.6 for controls (CI, 4.3–5.0). No cases of HZ were seen among patients treated with alefacept, efalizumab or adalimumab. In a multivariate analysis, age, female sex, healthcare utilization pattern and corticosteroid treatment were associated with the time to HZ infection. The association of HZ with infliximab approached statistical significance (Hazard ratio: 1.77, 95% CI: 0.92–3.43), but none of the other biologic drugs were significantly associated with the risk of HZ.Conclusion  Among patients with psoriasis, treatment with some biologic drugs was associated with a higher incidence of HZ compared with controls, though the difference was not statistically significant.
Use of a Suprapatellar Pouch Portal and Laparoscopic Cannula for Removal of Debris or Loose Fragments Following Arthroscopy of the Femoropatellar Joint of 168 Horses (245 Joints)
Authors: Mc Nally Turlough P. , Slone Donnie E. , Lynch Timothy M. , Hughes Faith E. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo validate the safety of a suprapatellar pouch (SPP), approach to the femoropatellar joint (FPJ), and describe use of a laparoscopic cannula to remove debris or loose bodies.Study DesignRetrospective case seriesAnimalsHorses (n = 168) with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the FPJ.MethodsArthroscopy was performed on 245 FPJ with OCD. Two subpatellar portals were created, 1 axial and 1 abaxial to the lateral patellar ligament. Additionally, a SPP egress portal for lavage, was created 2 cm proximal to the most palpable dorsolateral eminence of the patellar base. A 10‐mm laparoscopic cannula and trocar unit was used in all SPP portals. The SPP portal was closed in 2 layers in the first 121 horses and the skin only in the remaining 47 horses. Medical records were reviewed for complications and surgical time and owner satisfaction with cosmesis obtained.ResultsNo complications were recorded for the SPP portal regardless of closure technique. All owners were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome of the procedure once the hair had grown back and felt the additional incision did not negatively impact horses presented for sale at public auction. Mean surgery time was 27.7 min/joint.ConclusionNo complications were recorded using a SPP portal and laparoscopic cannula, and owner satisfaction was high.
Economic Impact of Potential CYP450 Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions Among Chronic Low Back Pain Patients Taking Opioids
Authors: Pergolizzi Joseph V. , Labhsetwar Sumedha A. , Amy Puenpatom R. , Ben‐Joseph Rami , Ohsfeldt Robert , Summers Kent H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChronic low back pain (cLBP) patients who take at least 1 CYP450‐metabolized opioid analgesic agent concurrent with at least 1 other CYP450‐metabolized medication experience a drug–drug exposure (DDE), which puts them at risk for a pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction (PK DDI). This study compared utilization of healthcare resources and associated payments in cLBP patients with and without incident DDEs with the potential to cause PK DDIs. A retrospective database analysis examined the associated clinical events, healthcare utilization (measured in terms of claims for office visits, outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalization), and cost to the health plan, as defined as the sum of health plan payments for resources used. Patients were grouped into 2 cohorts by age (those under 65 and those 65 years and over). In the 6 months after exposure, total healthcare payments were significantly higher for DDE patients than those without DDEs (no‐DDE), in both in the younger ($7,086, SD = $8,370) and $6,353, SD = $8,352, respectively, P < 0.001) and the older cohorts ($7,806 vs. $7,043, respectively, P = 0.013). Younger and older patients with DDE had significantly higher prescription payments than those without DDE ($2,041, SD = $2,706 vs. $1,565, SD = $2,349, respectively, P < 0.001 for younger and $2,482, SD = $2,481 vs. $2,286, SD = $2,521, respectively, P = 0.044 for older patients). Both older and younger patients with DDE had significantly more claims for office visits and higher associated payments than similar patients without DDE. Patients in the study who experienced DDEs that placed them at risk for PK DDIs had significantly greater utilization rates of healthcare resources and higher associated payments in the 6‐month observation period following exposure. ▪
Accuracy and bias on the estimation of aboveground biomass in the woody vegetation of the Sonoran Desert
Authors: Búrquez Alberto , Martínez-Yrízar Angelina 
Published: September 2011

We developed allometric regressions for predicting aboveground biomass (AGB) in the Sonoran Desert. Information on canopy cover and height was collected and used to predict AGB from plant dimensions in twenty 25 m2plots that were also fully harvested. The comparison of these two methods showed that allometric equations without correction for bias led to gross AGB underestimation (four times lower than the true values for uncorrected logarithmic allometric equations). Among the tested correction factors, the ratio estimator highly reduced bias and increased accuracy. Validation of allometric estimates with whole-plot harvesting defined the best equation and the least biased correction factor. However, simple nonlinear power functions also gave accurate and unbiased estimates of AGB. We recommend the use of nonlinear models in lieu of traditional logarithm-transformed models. Correction for bias and field verification should be considered in allometric regressions used to predict AGB. In the absence of validation by direct biomass measurements, allometric predictions derived from linearization of ln-transformed data should be taken with care.
Clot Architecture Is Altered in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Correlates With Aneurysm Size
Authors: Scott D. Julian A. , Prasad Priya , Philippou Helen , Rashid Sheikh Tawqeer , Sohrabi Soroush , Whalley Daniel , Kordowicz Andy , Tang Quen , West Robert M. , Johnson Anne , Woods Janet , Ajjan Ramzi A. , Ariëns Robert A.S. 
Published: September 2011

Objective—
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by widening of the aorta. Once the aneurysm exceeds 5.5 cm, there is a 10% risk of death due to rupture. AAA is also associated with mortality due to other cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate clot structure in AAA and its relationship to aneurysm size.

Methods and Results—
Plasma was obtained from 49 controls, 40 patients with small AAA, and 42 patients with large AAA. Clot formation was studied by turbidity, fibrin pore structure by permeation, and time to half lysis by turbidity with tissue plasminogen activator. Plasma clot pore size showed a stepwise reduction from controls to small to large AAA. Lag phase for plasma clot formation and time to half lysis were prolonged, with smaller AAA samples showing intermediate response. Clot structure was normal in clots made with fibrinogen purified from patients compared with controls, suggesting a role for other plasma factors. Endogenous thrombin potential and turbidity using tissue factor indicated that the effects were independent of changes in thrombin generation.

Conclusion—
Patients with AAA form denser, smaller pored plasma clots that are more resistant to fibrinolysis, and these characteristics correlate with aneurysm size. Clot structure may play a role in AAA development and concomitant cardiovascular disease.
Self-Reported Stroke Symptoms Without a Prior Diagnosis of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Kleindorfer Dawn , Judd Suzanne , Howard Virginia J. , McClure Leslie , Safford Monika M. , Cushman Mary , Rhodes David , Howard George 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
Previously in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort, we found 18% of the stroke/transient ischemic attack-free study population reported ≥1 stroke symptom at baseline. We sought to evaluate the additional impact of these stroke symptoms on risk for subsequent stroke.

Methods—
REGARDS recruited 30,239 US blacks and whites, aged 45+ years in 2003 to 2007 who are being followed every 6 months for events. All stroke events are physician-verified; those with prior diagnosed stroke or transient ischemic attack are excluded from this analysis. At baseline, participants were asked 6 questions regarding stroke symptoms. Measured stroke risk factors were components of the Framingham Stroke Risk Score.

Results—
After excluding those with prior stroke or missing data, there were 24 412 participants in this analysis with a median follow-up of 4.4 years. Participants were 39% black, 55% female, and had median age of 64 years. There were 381 physician-verified stroke events. The Framingham Stroke Risk Score explained 72.0% of stroke risk; individual components explained between 0.2% (left ventricular hypertrophy) and 5.7% (age+race) of stroke risk. After adjustment for Framingham Stroke Risk Score factors, stroke symptoms were significantly related to stroke risk: for each stroke symptom reported, the risk of stroke increased by 21% per symptom.

Conclusions—
Among participants without self-reported stroke or transient ischemic attack, prior stroke symptoms are highly predictive of future stroke events. Compared with Framingham Stroke Risk Score factors, the impact of stroke symptom on the prediction of future stroke was almost as large as the impact of smoking and hypertension and larger than the impact of diabetes and heart disease.
Regularization proximal point algorithm for finding a common fixed point of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Kim Jong Kyu , Tuyen Truong Minh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe study the strong convergence of a regularization proximal point algorithm for finding a common fixed point of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings in a uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 47H09; 47J25; 47J30.