bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparative separation of major xanthones from mangosteen pericarp using high‐performance centrifugal partition chromatography
Authors: Shan Yichu , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMangosteen fruit pericarp (MFP) is a rich source of xanthones, which has shown remarkable pharmacological activities. To isolate xanthones, previous methods included labor intensive and time‐consuming solid‐phase extractions (Sephadex LH20, silica gel) and sequential solvent extraction. In this study, major xanthones (α‐ and γ‐mangostins) in MFP were isolated at high purity in one step utilizing high‐performance centrifugal partition chromatography with solvent system composed of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water (10:5:5:1). In one run, 200 mg crude extract of MFP was injected and 55.4 mg α‐mangostin and 12.4 mg γ‐mangostin were obtained with the purity of 93.6 and 98.4%, respectively. The yields of them were 86.3 and 76.3%, respectively. As α‐ and γ‐mangostins are reported to show potent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activities, this method can be used for the large‐scale production of them for future in vitro and in vivo biological studies.
Two‐dimensional chromatography of complex polymers, 8. Separation of fatty alcohol ethoxylates simultaneously by end group and chain length
Authors: Raust Jacques‐Antoine , Bruell Adele , Sinha Pritish , Hiller Wolf , Pasch Harald 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography system was developed to precisely describe the molecular heterogeneity of fatty alcohol ethoxylates. The end‐group functionality was analyzed by gradient HPLC while ethylene oxide oligomer distributions were characterized by liquid adsorption chromatography. A baseline separation of all functionality fractions irrespective of the ethylene oxide oligomer chain length was achieved on nonpolar X‐Terra® C18 with a methanol–water gradient, whereas an isocratic flow of isopropanol–water on a polar Chromolith® Si column gave a separation according to the oligomer chain length without interference of the end‐group distribution. The combination of these two methods to conduct online two‐dimensional liquid chromatography experiments resulted in a comprehensive two‐dimensional picture on the molecular heterogeneity of the sample.
Monitoring of mutarotation of monosaccharides by hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Pazourek Jiří 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCalibration based on the “single‐point calibration method”, a simple exponential transformation of the response function of an evaporative light scattering detector was improved and applied to analysis of selected saccharides under hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode (a polar phase LiChrospher100 DIOL, mobile phase acetonitrile/water). The improved approach to the calibration procedure yielded a calibration curve with an excellent linearity (quality coefficient <5%). This quantitative evaluation of chromatograms of D‐galactose suggested that not only anomers but even pyranose and furanose forms of the anomers could be resolved – the resulting calculations of abundance of the anomeric form strongly correlated with data from the literature obtained mostly by NMR studies (analogous results were also obtained for D‐arabinose, D‐glucose, and D‐mannose). Because of the rapid separation (retention time less than 10 min), the observed correlation enabled to monitor anomeric conversion (mutarotation) of monosaccharides.
Modeling and analysis of multiobjective lot splitting for N‐product M‐machine flowshop lines
Authors: Bukchin Yossi , Masin Michael , Kirshner Rinat 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLot splitting is a new approach for improving productivity by dividing production lots into sublots. This approach enables accelerating production flow, reducing lead‐time and increasing the utilization of organization resources. Most of the lot splitting models in the literature have addressed a single objective problem, usually the makespan or flowtime objectives. Simultaneous minimization of these two objectives has rarely been addressed in the literature despite of its high relevancy to most industrial environments. This work aims at solving a multiobjective lot splitting problem for multiple products in a flowshop environment. Tight mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) formulations for minimizing the makespan and flowtime are presented. Then, the MinMax solution, which takes both objectives into consideration, is defined and suggested as an alternative objective. By solving the MILP model, it was found that minimizing one objective results in an average loss of about 15% in the other objective. The MinMax solution, on the other hand, results in an average loss of 4.6% from the furthest objective and 2.5% from the closest objective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
‘New spaces’ for change?: Diamond governance reforms and the micro‐politics of participation in post‐war Sierra Leone
Authors: Maconachie Roy 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWhile the majority of research carried out on diamonds and development in Sierra Leone has focused on debates concerning the role that diamonds played in the country's civil war of the 1990s, little attention has been directed towards understanding how the emergence and consequences of ‘new spaces’ for citizen engagement in diamond governance are shaping relationships between mining and political economic change in the post‐war period. Recent fieldwork carried out in two communities in Kono District illustrates how the emergence of such spaces—although much celebrated by government, donors and development practitioners—may not necessarily be creating the ‘room for manoeuvre’ necessary to open up meaningful public engagement in resource governance. The analysis focuses on one recent governance initiative in the diamond sector—the Diamond Area Community Development Fund (DACDF)—which aims to strengthen citizen participation in decision‐making within the industry, but has frequently been at the centre of controversy. In framing and articulating socio‐environmental struggles over resource access and control in Sierra Leone's post‐war period of transition, the article highlights how the emerging geographies of participation continue to be shaped by unequal power relationships, in turn having an impact on livelihood options, decision‐making abilities and development outcomes in the country's diamondiferous communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the changing role of public sector performance measurement in less developed countries
Authors: Tillema Sandra , Mimba Ni Putu S. H. , van Helden G. Jan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article develops a framework for understanding changes in the demand for and supply of performance information in public sector organizations in less developed countries (LDCs). New Institutional Sociology (NIS) is used to argue that pressures from specific stakeholders stimulate organizations to produce particular performance information. The article distinguishes three groups of stakeholders (i.e. funding bodies, statutory boards and purchasers), and elaborates on the performance dimensions these stakeholders are interested in. The group of funding bodies, with their interest in financial performance information, used to be the most important group of stakeholders. However, statutory boards and purchasers are gaining importance as a result of recent public sector reforms, which include decentralization, marketization and the implementation of anti‐corruption programs. As a consequence of pressures coming from these stakeholders, new performance dimensions, such as the quality and quantity of services and the political governance structure, will be added to organizations' performance measurement (PM) systems. Whether these and other—often more traditional financial—performance dimensions will be balanced and integrated throughout organizations depends on the power positions of the various stakeholders. The arguments presented in this article intend to stimulate public sector organizations in LDCs to design and redesign PM systems as a response to changing stakeholder interests. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheological, thermal, and mechanical characterization of fly ash‐thermoplastic composites with different coupling agents
Authors: Pardo S.G. , Bernal C. , Ares A. , Abad M.J. , Cano J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractComposite materials were prepared by mixing fly ash obtained from biomass combustion as filler and isotactic polypropylene (PP) as matrix. Three silane‐type coupling agents mainly differing in the size of their functional groups were used to improve the compatibility between both components. Uniaxial tensile tests showed that the incorporation of untreated ash into PP led to stiffer but also more brittle and weaker materials, as Young's modulus significantly increased and tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. Furthermore, an enhancement in storage and loss moduli as well as in composite viscosity was observed with the addition of fly ash. Hardness tests and thermal and fracture surface analyzes revealed tensile test results similar to those mentioned earlier. In summary, after analyzing the effects of the three silanes on mechanical, thermal, morphological, and rheological properties, the silane containing the vinyl functional group (XL10) was selected as the most appropriate for the PP/ash composites investigated. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1722–1730, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Molecular dynamics simulation and MM–PBSA calculations of sickle cell hemoglobin in dimer form with Val, Trp, or Phe at the lateral contact
Authors: Abroshan Hadi , Akbarzadeh Hamed , Parsafar Golam Abbas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAs the delay time and hence nuclei formation play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, MD simulation and molecular mechanics–Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM–PBSA) calculations have been performed on three systems of hemoglobin; namely dimer of hemoglobin with valine (Hb S), tryptophan (Hbβ6W), and phenylalanine (Hbβ6F) at β6 position. The structural changes due to these aromatic substitutions are investigated. It is shown that β subunits have significant impact on the differences between a dimer and other crystal structures. Transition from a dimer to polymer for Hb S system affects the donor molecule more than that of the acceptor. In the case of donor and acceptor subunits, the RMSD values are ordered as Hbβ6F > Hbβ6W > Hb S which predicts a larger deviation for the Hbβ6F dimer. It is shown that the formation of stable dimers is in the order of Hbβ6F > Hb S > Hbβ6W, but contribution of the β6 residue in Hbβ6W is more than two other systems. This study shows that the interaction of β6 residue in Hb S is mostly van der Waals type, but in two other systems the electrostatic interaction is also noticeable, especially in the case of Hbβ6W in which the hydrogen bond plays an important role in the association of monomers. Trp and Phe also have a stabilizing van der Waals interaction with a hydrophobic pocket composed of 1β2‐10Ala, 1β2‐125Pro, 1β2‐126Val, and 1β2‐129Ala. Our survey shows that the role of 2β1‐85Phe is very important only in the nucleus formation of Hb S, but not for the subsequent processes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loop calculations in the MSSM
Authors: Eberl H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLoop calculations in the MSSM have become a vast field. Some related works done in the theory SUSY group at the HEPHY Vienna are presented. The basics of regularisation and renormalization in the MSSM are discussed. We further study CP violating rate asymmetries induced by loops. A recent study on H±t production at the LHC combined with subsequent H± decays is presented.
The challenge of managing difficult‐to‐control hypertension
Authors: Mackenzie Isla , MacDonald Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOur new series on Prescribing challenges focuses on areas of therapeutics that can present a particular challenge in general practice. Here, the authors address the familiar problem of hypertension that remains above target despite treatment with three anti‐hypertensives. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
High quality n‐type CdTe produced by ultra‐rapid crystallization
Authors: Bagaev Victor , Krivobok Vladimir , Klevkov Yuri , Shepel Anna , Onishchenko Evgeny , Martovitsky Victor 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGrowth of high quality n‐type CdTe textures with electron mobility ∼103cm2/V·s and resistivity 5x108‐5x109Ohm·cm has been realized using a new technique based on the rapid (1 μm/s) crystallization from vapor phase at 600 °C. Two‐stage growth process of grains in the texture includes the development of thin fibrous base along [111], and then its overgrowing by {110} planes accompanied by cube‐octahedron crystal face formation. The main electronic properties of such crystallines are controlled by residual impurities (Ag, Li, As, Ga, Cl). It is shown in particular, that the bands in photoluminescence spectra typically attributed to A‐centers are related to donor (Ga)‐acceptor (Ag) pairs subject to internal electric fields in the crystals under study. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Entropic functionals of Laguerre polynomials and complexity properties of the half‐line Coulomb potential
Authors: Sánchez‐Moreno P. , Omiste J. J. , Dehesa J. S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe stationary states of the half‐line Coulomb potential are described by quantum‐mechanical wavefunctions, which are controlled by the Laguerre polynomials L(x). Here, we first calculate the qth‐order frequency or entropic moments of this quantum system, which is controlled by some entropic functionals of the Laguerre polynomials. These functionals are shown to be equal to a Lauricella function F(${1 \over q}$,…,,${1 \over q}$,1) by use of the Srivastava‐Niukkanen linearization relation of Laguerre polynomials. The resulting general expressions are applied to obtain the following information‐theoretic quantities of the half‐line Coulomb potential: disequilibrium, Renyi and Tsallis entropies. An alternative and simpler expression for the linear entropy is also found by means of a different method. Then, the Shannon entropy and the LMC shape complexity of the lowest and highest (Rydberg) energetic states are explicitly given; moreover, sharp information‐theoretic‐based upper bounds to these quantities are found for general physical states. These quantities are numerically discussed for the ground and various excited states. Finally, the uncertainty measures of the half‐line Coulomb potential given by the information‐theoretic lengths are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Understanding natural sciences education in a Reggio Emilia‐inspired preschool
Authors: Inan Hatice Zeynep , Trundle Kathy Cabe , Kantor Rebecca 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis ethnographic study explored aspects of how the natural sciences were represented in a Reggio Emilia‐inspired laboratory preschool. The natural sciences as a discipline—a latecomer to preschool curricula—and the internationally known approach, Reggio Emilia, interested educators and researchers, but there was little research about science in a Reggio Emilia classroom. The current research aimed to gain insight into natural science experiences in a Reggio Emilia‐inspired classroom. To gain in‐depth information, this inquiry‐based study adapted a research design with ethnographic data collection techniques (i.e., interview, observation, document/artifact collection, and field‐notes), namely Spradley's Developmental Research Sequence Method, which was a well‐known, pioneer ethnographic method. The data were analyzed from an interpretive perspective using multiple lenses. These lenses included Spradley's DRS for the classroom culture, Corsaro's peer culture theory, the Reggio Emilia approach, and Ohio's Early Learning Content Standards. The study involved 18 preschoolers, 10 teachers, and a program director. The results indicated that the Reggio Emilia‐inspired preschool offered a science‐rich context that triggered and supported preschoolers' inquiries, and effectively engaged preschoolers' hands, heads, and hearts with science. The natural sciences learning in this Reggio Emilia‐inspired preschool classroom met and exceeded some of Ohio's prekindergarten standards. The results suggested that the Reggio pedagogy, grounded in inquiry, is compatible with science education goals. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 1186–1208, 2010
Diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasound in detecting prenatal cleft lip and palate: a systematic review
Authors: Maarse W. , Bergé S. J. , Pistorius L. , van Barneveld T. , Kon M. , Breugem C. , Mink van der Molen A. B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of second‐trimester transabdominal ultrasound in detecting orofacial clefts in low‐ and high‐risk populations and to compare two‐dimensional (2D) with three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound techniques.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for articles published in English, Dutch, French or German using the keywords ‘cleft’ and ‘ultrasound’ or ‘screening’ or ‘sonogram’ and ‘prenatal’ or ‘antenatal’ or ‘fetus’ to identify cohort studies and randomized trials in order to assess the detection rate by prenatal ultrasound of cleft lip and palate in high‐risk and low‐risk pregnant women.ResultsOf 451 citations identified, 27 met the criteria for the systematic review, 21 involving unselected low‐risk populations and six involving high‐risk populations. In the selected studies there was diversity in the gestational age at which the ultrasound examination was performed and there was considerable variety in the diagnostic accuracy of 2D ultrasound in the low‐risk women, with prenatal detection rates ranging from 9% to 100% for cleft lip with or without cleft palate, 0% to 22% for cleft palate only and 0% to 73% for all types of cleft. 3D ultrasound in high‐risk women resulted in a detection rate of 100% for cleft lip, 86% to 90% for cleft lip with palate and 0% to 89% for cleft palate only.Conclusions2D ultrasound screening for cleft lip and palate in a low‐risk population has a relatively low detection rate but is associated with few false‐positive results. 3D ultrasound can achieve a reliable diagnosis, but not of cleft palate only. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolutionary variations on a theme: host plant specialization in five geographical populations of the leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica
Authors: Zvereva Elena L. , Kozlov Mikhail V. , Hilker Monika 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe ancestral host plants of Chrysomela lapponica are Salicaceae rich in salicylic glycosides (SGs), which serve as precursors for larval chemical defensive secretions. Nevertheless, some populations have shifted to plants poor in SGs or even lacking these compounds. To study whether this shift is accompanied by adaptations to novel SG‐poor host plants, we reared C. lapponica larvae from five geographical populations on host plants with high (Salix myrsinifolia) or low (S. caprea) SG content. Individuals from two populations (Finland and Kola region in Russia) associated in nature with SG‐rich S. myrsinifolia showed higher survival and shorter developmental time on native host species than on foreign SG‐poor S. caprea, thus demonstrating local adaptations to their ancestral SG‐rich host plant. Individuals from a Belarus population associated in nature with SG‐poor S. caprea showed higher survival on this species than on foreign SG‐rich S. myrsinifolia, thus demonstrating local adaptation to the novel SG‐poor host. On the other hand, individuals from two other populations associated in nature with SG‐poor plants (Baikal and Ural region) performed equally well on both SG‐rich S. myrsinifolia and SG‐poor S. caprea in our rearing experiments, thus showing no local adaptation to a specific SG‐host type, but rather a wide feeding niche including several Salicaceae species of different SG‐type. Our results suggest that diet breadth of C. lapponica is a local phenomenon, and that adaptation strategies to novel host plants may differ between populations of a single leaf beetle species.
Implementation Quality and Positive Experiences in After‐School Programs
Authors: Cross Amanda Brown , Gottfredson Denise C. , Wilson Denise M. , Rorie Melissa , Connell Nadine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractData collected during an evaluation of a multi‐site trial of an enhanced after‐school program were used to relate quality of program implementation to student experiences after school. The enhanced after‐school program incorporated a drug use and violence prevention component that was shown to be effective in previous research. Building on Durlak and Dupre’s (Am J Community Psychol 41:327–350, 2008) dimensions of implementation, we assessed the level of dosage, quality of management and climate, participant responsiveness, and staffing quality achieved at the five program sites. We evaluated how these characteristics co‐varied with self‐reported positive experiences after‐school. The study illustrates how multiple dimensions of program implementation can be measured, and shows that some but not all dimensions of implementation are related to the quality of student after‐school experiences. Measures of quality of management and climate, participant responsiveness, and staffing stability were most clearly associated with youth experiences. The importance of measuring multiple dimensions of program implementation in intervention research is discussed.
Properties and Stability of Solid Lipid Particle Dispersions Based on Canola Stearin and Poloxamer 188
Authors: Trujillo C. Celeste , Wright Amanda J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSolid lipid particles (SLP) are one strategy for encapsulating lipophilic molecules, including for controlled release and enhanced bioavailability applications. SLP based on fully hydrogenated canola stearin (CaSt, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) and the non‐ionic surfactant Poloxamer 188 (P188, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 wt%) were produced by high pressure melt homogenization using a microfluidizer. Spherical particles in the region of 140 nm were formed, depending on compostion and processing parameters. Surfactant concentration and pressure had a significant influence on particle diameter (P < 0.05), although number of homogenization cycles did not (P > 0.05). A maximum surfactant surface load of approximately 4 mg m−2 was observed and, at or above 2.5% P188, excess surfactant was present in the continuous phase after production. P188 had the effect of decreasing particle size and facilitating transitions from the α to the β polymorph (P < 0.05) both through surface nucleation and size reduction effects. A stability study of the 10% CaSt SLP with 0.0, 1.0, or 5.0% P188 revealed particle growth for the 0.0 and 1.0% P188 SLP, especially at 20 versus 4 °C, but no changes in the 5.0% P188 SLP, which were exclusively in the β form, at both temperatures for up to 240 days.