bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving speech depression detection using transfer learning with wav2vec 2.0 in low-resource environments
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Xiangcheng , Chen Weisi , Li Chenlong , Yu Chengyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDepression, a pervasive global mental disorder, profoundly impacts daily lives. Despite numerous deep learning studies focused on depression detection through speech analysis, the shortage of annotated bulk samples hampers the development of effective models. In response to this challenge, our research introduces a transfer learning approach for detecting depression in speech, aiming to overcome constraints imposed by limited resources. In the context of feature representation, we obtain depression-related features by fine-tuning wav2vec 2.0. By integrating 1D-CNN and attention pooling structures, we generate advanced features at the segment level, thereby enhancing the model's capability to capture temporal relationships within audio frames. In the realm of prediction results, we integrate LSTM and self-attention mechanisms. This incorporation assigns greater weights to segments associated with depression, thereby augmenting the model's discernment of depression-related information. The experimental results indicate that our model has achieved impressive F1 scores, reaching 79% on the DAIC-WOZ dataset and 90.53% on the CMDC dataset. It outperforms recent baseline models in the field of speech-based depression detection. This provides a promising solution for effective depression detection in low-resource environments.
Chromatic vision and structural assessment in primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Kato Renata Tiemi , Rolim-de-Moura Christiane , Allemann Norma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrimary congenital glaucoma is a rare disease that occurs in early birth and can lead to low vision. Evaluating affected children is challenging and there is a lack of studies regarding color vision in pediatric glaucoma patients. This cross-sectional study included 21 eyes of 13 children with primary congenital glaucoma who were assessed using the Farnsworth D-15 test to evaluate color vision discrimination and by spectral domain optical coherence tomography to measure retinal fiber layer thickness. Age, visual acuity, cup-to-disc ratio and spherical equivalent data were also collected. Global and sectional circumpapillary and macular retinal fiber layer thicknesses were measured and compared based on color vision test performance. Four eyes (19%) failed the color vision test with diffuse dyschromatopsia patterns. Only age showed statistical significance in color vision test performance. Global and sectional circumpapillary and macular retinal fiber layer thicknesses were similar between the color test outcomes dyschromatopsia and normal. While the color vision test could play a role in assessing children with primary congenital glaucoma, further studies are needed to correlate it with damage to retinal fiber layer thickness.
Biodiversity patterns of the coral reef cryptobiota around the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Villalobos Rodrigo , Aylagas Eva , Pearman John K. , Curdia Joao , Coker Darren , Bell Alyssa Clothilde , Brown Shannon D. , Rowe Katherine , Lozano-Cortés Diego , Rabaoui Lotfi J. , Marshell Alyssa , Qurban Mohammad , Jones Burton , Berumen Michael Lee , Carvalho Susana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Arabian Peninsula accounts for approximately 6% of the world’s coral reefs. Some thrive in extreme environments of temperature and salinity. Using 51 Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure (ARMS), a standardized non-destructive monitoring device, we investigated the spatial patterns of coral reef cryptobenthic diversity in four ecoregions around the Arabian Peninsula and analyzed how geographical and/or environmental drivers shape those patterns. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used to identify Amplicon Sequence Variants and assign taxonomy of the cryptobenthic organisms collected from the sessile and mobile fractions of each ARMS. Cryptobenthic communities sampled from the two ecoregions in the Red Sea showed to be more diverse than those inhabiting the Arabian (Persian) Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Geographic distance revealed a stronger relationship with beta diversity in the Mantel partial correlation than environmental distance. However, the two mobile fractions (106–500 µm and 500–2000 µm) also had a significant correlation between environmental distance and beta diversity. In our study, dispersal limitations explained the beta diversity patterns in the selected reefs, supporting the neutral theory of ecology. Still, increasing differences in environmental variables (environmental filtering) also had an effect on the distribution patterns of assemblages inhabiting reefs within short geographic distances. The influence of geographical distance in the cryptofauna assemblages makes these relevant, yet usually ignored, communities in reef functioning vulnerable to large scale coastal development and should be considered in ecosystem management of such projects.
Gut microbiome composition reveals the distinctiveness between the Bengali people and the Indigenous ethnicities in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahammad Ishtiaque , Bhattacharjee Arittra , Chowdhury Zeshan Mahmud , Rahman Anisur , Hossain Mohammad Uzzal , Dewan Gourab , Talukder Shiny , Das Keshob Chandra , Keya Chaman Ara , Salimullah Md 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEthnicity has a significant role in shaping the composition of the gut microbiome, which has implications in human physiology. This study intends to investigate the gut microbiome of Bengali people as well as several indigenous ethnicities (Chakma, Marma, Khyang, and Tripura) residing in the Chittagong Hill Tracts areas of Bangladesh. Following fecal sample collection from each population, part of the bacterial 16 s rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq platform. Our findings indicated that Bangladeshi gut microbiota have a distinct diversity profile when compared to other countries. We also found out that Bangladeshi indigenous communities had a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio than the Bengali population. The investigation revealed an unclassified bacterium that was differentially abundant in Bengali samples while the genus Alistipes was found to be prevalent in Chakma samples. Further research on these bacteria might help understand diseases associated with these populations. Also, the current small sample-sized pilot study hindered the comprehensive understanding of the gut microbial diversity of the Bangladeshi population and its potential health implications. However, our study will help establish a basic understanding of the gut microbiome of the Bangladeshi population.
Conjugative type IV secretion systems enable bacterial antagonism that operates independently of plasmid transfer
Authors: Gordils-Valentin Lois , Ouyang Huanrong , Qian Liangyu , Hong Joshua , Zhu Xuejun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBacterial cooperation and antagonism mediated by secretion systems are among the ways in which bacteria interact with one another. Here we report the discovery of an antagonistic property of a type IV secretion system (T4SS) sourced from a conjugative plasmid, RP4, using engineering approaches. We scrutinized the genetic determinants and suggested that this antagonistic activity is independent of molecular cargos, while we also elucidated the resistance genes. We further showed that a range of Gram-negative bacteria and a mixed bacterial population can be eliminated by this T4SS-dependent antagonism. Finally, we showed that such an antagonistic property is not limited to T4SS sourced from RP4, rather it can also be observed in a T4SS originated from another conjugative plasmid, namely R388. Our results are the first demonstration of conjugative T4SS-dependent antagonism between Gram-negative bacteria on the genetic level and provide the foundation for future mechanistic studies.
Spatiotemporal patterns of locus coeruleus integrity predict cortical tau and cognition
Authors: Bueichekú Elisenda , Diez Ibai , Kim Chan-Mi , Becker John Alex , Koops Elouise A. , Kwong Kenneth , Papp Kathryn V. , Salat David H. , Bennett David A. , Rentz Dorene M. , Sperling Reisa A. , Johnson Keith A. , Sepulcre Jorge , Jacobs Heidi I. L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutopsy studies indicated that the locus coeruleus (LC) accumulates hyperphosphorylated tau before allocortical regions in Alzheimer’s disease. By combining in vivo longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging measures of LC integrity, tau positron emission tomography imaging and cognition with autopsy data and transcriptomic information, we examined whether LC changes precede allocortical tau deposition and whether specific genetic features underlie LC’s selective vulnerability to tau. We found that LC integrity changes preceded medial temporal lobe tau accumulation, and together these processes were associated with lower cognitive performance. Common gene expression profiles between LC–medial temporal lobe–limbic regions map to biological functions in protein transport regulation. These findings advance our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of initial tau spreading from the LC and LC’s selective vulnerability to Alzheimer’s disease pathology. LC integrity measures can be a promising indicator for identifying the time window when individuals are at risk of disease progression and underscore the importance of interventions mitigating initial tau spread.
Space classification for indoor pedestrian navigation with morphological and functional characteristics
Authors: Tian Peng , Wang Yunjia , Wang Yong , Yang Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndoor navigation networks serve as the foundation for indoor pedestrian navigation services. However, current graph‐based topological network models cannot easily represent complex indoor structures in a manner consistent with user behaviour and cognitive patterns, and thus cannot support fine‐grained indoor navigation analysis services. To enhance the rationality of the model, we considered the influences of morphological and functional characteristics of indoor spaces on pedestrian movement and proposed a method for classifying navigation spaces. This method, based on convex space segmentation, defines morphological and functional characteristic functions, classifying indoor navigation spaces as either corridors or open spaces, which suitable for representing as median axis models or visual graphs, respectively. These categories supported the creation of topological network models for route planning analysis. Indoor map experiments confirmed the effectiveness of our method in identifying various types of corridors and open spaces, that addressing the limitations of width‐based parameters, even in complex indoor settings.
Analytically derived disturbance rejection‐based PID controller tuning for second‐order plus dead time plants
Authors: Tavakoli Saeed , Safaei Marzieh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis letter proposes a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) design method for second‐order plus dead time models based on a desired closed‐loop transfer function for load disturbance changes. Also, tuning rules for single integrating first‐order plus dead time models are provided. Using a two‐degree‐of‐freedom control scheme, the design problem considers load disturbance rejection, robustness to model uncertainties, and setpoint tracking. Three examples are used to assess the performance of the proposed method. Finally, the results are compared to two popular PID control design methodologies, skogestad internal model control or skogestad IMC (SIMC) and improved SIMC (iSIMC).
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser …
Authors: Uehleke Bernhard 
Published: April 2024

30 Jahre Traditionelle Arzneimittel – Auslaufmodell einer Übergangslösung oder
Zukunft der Phytotherapie?In der 5. AMG-Novelle von 1994 findet sich erstmals im Gesetz der Begriff
„Traditionelle Arzneimittel“. Zuvor waren solche freiverkäuflichen Mittel zur
Stärkung der Gesundheit innerhalb des Bundesgesundheitsamtes intern als „Tonika“
bezeichnet worden. „Tonika“ gefielen aber als Begriff mit seiner vielfachen
Bedeutung von einer längst überholten Pharmakologie bis hin zum fragwürdigen
Potenzmittel weder den aktiven Mitgliedern der Gesellschaft für Phytotherapie noch
der Apothekerschaft, die diese außerhalb der Apotheke vertriebenen Arzneimittel am
liebsten abgeschafft sehen wollten. Und es gab damals durchaus schon – lange bevor
die Nahrungsergänzungsmittel aktuell wurden – Ansätze, eine neue Klasse von
„Gesundheitsmitteln“ zu schaffen, die dann nicht mehr zu den Arzneimitteln gehören
sollten.
Grapefruit Seed Extract Reduces Gastrointestinal
Symptoms
Authors: Uehleke Bernhard , Storr Martin , Hörning Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this explorative longitudinal survey, self-reported data was collected from
persons suffering from chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, who were seeking
relief employing self-medication with a grapefruit seed extract (GKE). This is
not a clinical trial nor a non-interventional study, but an explorative
longitudinal survey with self-reports. The data was collected online and there
were no personal contacts with a physician or a study nurse. Participants
followed their own decision to use GKE and to provide their data to a data
retrieval system, following informed consent according to existing national
regulations on data protection. The test product was provided by the sponsor to
make sure that the correct product was used for the intended observation
period.Drop in criteria were chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, including those of
functional dyspepsia (FD, resp. non-ulcer dyspepsia NUD) and/or irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS) for more than 4 weeks, resulting in a score of an expanded Nepean
Index (‘total gastrointestinal score’) higher than 20. Symptoms were documented
4–12 days (VA) prior to GKE use on day 1 and then on day 1, days 28, 42 and 56
of continuous oral use. New symptoms, predominating symptoms, stool habits,
amount of oral intake and global status was retrieved every day during the
observation period. On day 56 some global assessments were additionally
recorded.The evaluation cohort was intended to be at least 100, and within the survey
cohort we were able to evaluate 100 subjects (15 m and 85 f). Total
gastrointestinal symptom score decreased from a mean (±SD) of 78.7±36.9 points
by 26.4% on day 14, by 53.1% on day 28, by 58.7% on day 42, and by 49.9% on day
56, when compared to day 1. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms like heartburn
improved better compared to lower GI symptoms (by 57.9% versus 47.3% on day 56).
Overall complaints were rated as “very strongly improved” by 30%, “strongly
improved” by 42%, “somewhat improved” or “unchanged” by 20% and as
“deteriorated” by 1%. GKE was tolerated well. Minor adverse events reported were
judged as most probably unrelated by the authors. More than half of the
participants rated the intake as “very pleasant” or “pleasant” and intended to
continue GKE beyond the observation period.In this prospective uncontrolled survey, GKE seemed to improve GI-symptoms, based
on users reports. These results need to be confirmed in controlled clinical
trials proofing efficacy and tolerance of GKE in functional GI-diseases. Data
collected from participants without any personal contact bear a high risk of
bias. Evaluation of self-treatment as presented here is clearly restricted to
marketed products and may report interesting details of self-treatment outside
prescription settings.
Association Analysis of Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus: Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Database
Authors: Zeng Yamin , Piao Yina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective This study focused on the association of the Dietary
Inflammatory Index (DII) with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES).
Methods Data from two cycles of NHANES (2007–2010) were analyzed. Weighted
logistic regression models were constructed to explore the relationship between
DII and GDM. Stratified and subgroup analyses with adjustment for confounding
factors were carried out to explore the association between DII and GDM.
Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate potential mediating factors.
Results A total of 1,421 samples were analyzed. Based on the weighted
logistic regression model, a strong positive association was observed between
DII score and GDM risk (OR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.02–1.26, P<0.01),
suggesting that a pro-inflammatory diet could considerably increase the
likelihood of GDM occurrence. This positive association was particularly
significant in populations who consume alcohol (OR:1.17, 95%CI: 1.03–1.34,
P<0.01) and have a body mass index>30 kg/m² (OR: 1.18, 95% CI:
1.01–1.38, P<0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that the white blood
cell count mediated the association between DII and GDM, with an indirect effect
of 0.000828 (95% CI: 0.000226–0.001347, P=0.001) and a mediation
proportion of 8.01%. Specifically, the neutrophil count as a component
contributed to this mediation effect (0.000774, 95% CI: 0.00014–0.001063,
P=0.001), with a mediation proportion of 7.59%.
Conclusion A pro-inflammatory diet in women elevates the likelihood of GDM
occurrence. An anti-inflammatory dietary pattern may be a protective
intervention for GDM.
Implementation des intraoperativ chirurgisch-gesetzten, laparoskopisch-sicht-kontrollierten „Transversus-Abdominis-Plane“-Blockes mit Bupivacain bei elektiven laparoskopischen Darmresektionen
Authors: Kaufmann Mario , Orth Vanessa , Dorwarth Tim-Janick , Benrath Justus , Gerber Benjamin , Ghezel-Ahmadi David , Reissfelder Christoph , Herrle Florian 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDas moderne multimodale perioperative Schmerzmanagement bietet sowohl auf anästhesiologischer als auch auf chirurgischer Seite diverse Möglichkeiten, den postoperativen Schmerz optimal zu kontrollieren. Bei starker Empfehlung der aktuellen ERAS-Kolorektal-Guidelines (2018) zur Nutzung eines laparoskopischen „Transversus-Abdominis-Plane“-Block (L-TAP) wurde dieser im Universitätsklinikum Mannheim modifiziert, um den Patienten sowohl ein möglichst schmerzarmes Erwachen im Aufwachraum als auch eine schmerzfreie 1. postoperative Nacht zu ermöglichen.Der L-TAP ist bei allen laparoskopisch-kolorektalen Operationen indiziert. Insbesondere bei Verfahren, die einen vergrößerten Bergeschnitt (z. B. Pfannenstiel-Schnitt im Unterbauch) zur Bergung des Präparates erfordern.Der L-TAP wird zweizeitig, am Anfang der Operation nach Anlegen des Pneumoperitoneums, sowie am Ende der Operation, vor Entfernung der Trokare, durchgeführt. Insgesamt werden bei dieser L-TAP-Technik ca. 266 mg Bupivacainhydrochlorid verabreicht. Die Mischung aus 30 ml Natriumchlorid 0,9% und 60 ml Bupivacainhydrochlorid 0,5% wird an 3 Lokalisationen je Bauchseite injiziert. Die Injektionsstellen befinden sich in der vorderen Axillarlinie 2 cm oberhalb der Crista iliaca, 2 cm oberhalb der erstgenannten Injektionsstelle sowie in der Medioklavikularlinie 2 cm unterhalb des Rippenbogens. An diesen Stellen wird dem Patienten jeweils ca. 7 ml gespritzt. Während dieser Injektionen findet eine intraabdominelle Sichtkontrolle nach Setzung des Kameratrokars laparoskopisch statt. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass sich zwischen den Muskelschichten langsam eine deutliche Vorwölbung nach intraabdominell ausbildet.Durch ein intensives postoperatives Monitoring der Patienten und Schulung des Personals konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Patienten signifikant profitieren durch eine streng korrekte Durchführung des L-TAP. So konnte der postoperative mediane Gesamtmorphiumbedarf der ersten 3 Tage von 25,625 mg (0–150 mg) für einen inkorrekt durchgeführten L-TAP (n = 13) auf 5,625 mg (0–215,625 mg) für einen korrekt durchgeführten L-TAP (n = 49) signifikant reduziert werden (p = 0,024). Die Patienten profitierten ebenfalls subjektiv von der Durchführung eines korrekten L-TAP mit einer signifikanten Reduktion der Schmerzen auf der NRS im Aufwachraum von 4 (0–7) auf 1 (0–7; p = 0,044).
A framework for the analysis of historical newsreels
Authors: Oiva Mila , Mukhina Ksenia , Zemaityte Vejune , Karjus Andres , Tamm Mikhail , Ohm Tillmann , Mets Mark , Chávez Heras Daniel , Canet Sola Mar , Juht Helena Hanna , Schich Maximilian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAudiovisual news is a critical cultural phenomenon that has been influencing audience worldviews for more than a hundred years. To understand historical trends in multimodal audiovisual news, we need to explore them longitudinally using large sets of data. Despite promising developments in film history, computational video analysis, and other relevant fields, current research streams have limitations related to the scope of data used, the systematism of analysis, and the modalities and elements to be studied in audiovisual material and its metadata. Simultaneously, each disciplinary approach contributes significant input to research reducing these limitations. We therefore advocate for combining the strengths of several disciplines. Here we propose a multidisciplinary framework for systematically studying large collections of historical audiovisual news to gain a coherent picture of their temporal dynamics, cultural diversity, and potential societal effects across several quantitative and qualitative dimensions of analysis. By using newsreels as an example of such complex historically formed data, we combine the context crucial to qualitative approaches with the systematicity and ability to cover large amounts of data from quantitative methods. The framework template for historical newsreels is exemplified by a case study of the “News of the Day” newsreel series produced in the Soviet Union during 1944–1992. The proposed framework enables a more nuanced analysis of longitudinal collections of audiovisual news, expanding our understanding of the dynamics of global knowledge cultures.
Rotational spectrum, structure, and quadrupole coupling of cyclopropylchloromethyldifluorosilane
Authors: Davies Alexander R. , Hanna Abanob G. , Lutas Alma , Guirgis Gamil A. , Grubbs G. S. 
Published: April 2024

Cyclopropylchloromethyldifluorosilane, c-C3H5SiF2CH2Cl, has been synthesized, and its rotational spectrum has been recorded by chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The spectral analysis of several isotopologues indicates the presence of two distinct conformations in the free-jet expansion, which are interconvertible through a rotation of the chloromethyl group. A partial substitution structure is presented for the lower energy conformation and is compared to the equilibrium structure obtained from quantum chemical calculations. Additionally, the presence of the chlorine nucleus leads to the rotational transitions splitting into multiple hyperfine components and χaa, a measure of the electric field gradient along the a axis, is unusually small at merely +0.1393(73) MHz. Various common ab initio and density functional theory methods fail to predict good quadrupole coupling constants (in the principal axis system) that adequately reproduce the observed hyperfine splitting, although diagonalizing the quadrupole coupling tensor from the principal axis system into a nucleus-centered axis system reveals that, overall, these methods calculate reasonably the electric field gradient about the chlorine nucleus. Finally, a total of nine electric dipole forbidden, quadrupole allowed transitions are observed in the rotational spectra of the parent species of the higher energy conformation and the 37Cl isotopologue of the lower energy conformation. These include those of x-type (no change in parity of Ka or Kc), which, to our knowledge, is the first time such transitions have been observed in a chlorine-containing molecule.