bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations of Dietary Magnesium Intake to Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in an Ethnically Diverse Cohort of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Chacko Sara A. , Song Yiqing , Nathan Lauren , Tinker Lesley , de Boer Ian H. , Tylavsky Fran , Wallace Robert , Liu Simin 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE
Although magnesium may favorably affect metabolic outcomes, few studies have investigated the role of magnesium intake in systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in humans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among 3,713 postmenopausal women aged 50–79 years in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at baseline, we measured plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), turnor necrosis factor-α receptor 2 (TNF-α-R2), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and E-selectin. Magnesium intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.

RESULTS
After adjustment for age, ethnicity, clinical center, time of blood draw, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, energy intake, BMI, and diabetes status, magnesium intake was inversely associated with hs-CRP (P for linear trend = 0.003), IL-6 (P &lt; 0.0001), TNF-α-R2 (P = 0.0006), and sVCAM-1 (P = 0.06). Similar findings remained after further adjustment for dietary fiber, fruit, vegetables, folate, and saturated and trans fat intake. Multivariable-adjusted geometric means across increasing quintiles of magnesium intake were 3.08, 2.63, 2.31, 2.53, and 2.16 mg/l for hs-CRP (P = 0.005); 2.91, 2.63, 2.45, 2.27, and 2.26 pg/ml for IL-6 (P = 0.0005); and 707, 681, 673, 671, and 656 ng/ml for sVCAM-1 (P = 0.04). An increase of 100 mg/day magnesium was inversely associated with hs-CRP (−0.23 mg/l ± 0.07; P = 0.002), IL-6 (−0.14 ± 0.05 pg/ml; P = 0.004), TNF-α-R2 (−0.04 ± 0.02 pg/ml; P = 0.06), and sVCAM-1 (−0.04 ± 0.02 ng/ml; P = 0.07). No significant ethnic differences were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
High magnesium intake is associated with lower concentrations of certain markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women.
Antibiotic Consumption in the Latvian Teaching Hospital 2000-2008
Authors: Dimiņa Elīna , Akermanis Mārtiņš , Dumpis Uga 
Published: November 2009

Antibiotic Consumption in the Latvian Teaching Hospital 2000-2008
Antibiotics are one of the most commonly used drugs in hospital care and significantly contribute to healthcare costs. Recently, there has been significant interest raised on the environmental impact of antibiotic use, in particular on how it effects resistance selection pressure. Rapid global spread of multiresistant bacteria requires improved understanding on how changes in antibiotic use affect resistance selection. We present a unique study on antibiotic consumption and its trends over an eight-year period. Data were obtained from the pharmaceutical database system. The study period extended from January 2000 through December 2008. Antibiotic use was expressed as a rate — defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 patient days (DDD/100) in a quarter year. The total amount of antibiotics used for systemic treatment at the beginning of the period (first quarter of 2000) was 38.7 DDD per 100 bed days and increased to 72.6 DDD per 100 bed days (r = 0.81) by the 4th quarter of 2008. Despite variability during the study period, a significant trend was observed with an average increase of 0.97 (95% CI: 1.2; 3.2) per quarter. Penicillin was the most common antibiotic group used at the hospital in the study period and demonstrated the greatest increase in consumption (r = 0.92). The consumption rates of fluoroquinolones were high and also showed a significant increase (r = 0.76). We observed a significant increase of antibiotic consumption in our hospital during the study period, which lacked a clear explanation. This increase was mostly due to increased use of amoxicillinum/enzyme inhibitor and ceftriaxone. Analysis of consumption should be continued to assess the impact of educational interventions.
Cellular Immunity in Human Herpes Viruses 6 and 7 Infected Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients
Authors: Jaunalksne Inta , Doniņa Simona , Čapenko Svetlana , Čstjakovs Maksims , Murovska Modra 
Published: November 2009

Cellular Immunity in Human Herpes Viruses 6 and 7 Infected Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients
CD4+ T lymphocytes appear to be the preferential target for replication of HHV-6 (human herpes virus) as well as HHV-7 viruses in vivo. In addition, CD8+ T cells, monocytes/macrophages, natural killer cells, epithelial, endothelial, neural cells and fibroblasts may be infected. By definition, however, even a tumour designated by pathologists to be early stage may be late stage when considered by the immune system. Certainly, even early stage tumours have evaded immune control, suggesting that they have acquired many immunosuppressive characteristics. The aim of the study was to clarify the influence of beta-herpes viruses on cellular immune response. In 95 gastrointestinal cancer patients we determined the immunocompetent cell level CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD38, CD95, CD25 using laser flow cytofluorimeter and B- herpes viruses HHV-6, HHV-7 presence using a nested polymerase chain reaction method. Our data showed no statistically significant difference in immunocompetent cell level between negative, latent and active HHV-6, HHV-7 infection. Patients with immunocompromised immune status (lymphopenia) had a tendency to decreased CD4+, CD19+ absolute count. It may be suggested that virus-mediated immune response inhibition seems to be similar to cancer mediated, but differences in immune response among the same group of individuals had no influence on the average number of the immunocompetent cells in the group. Therefore, to characterise host-virus-tumour interactions, individual interpretation of each case is needed.
Pharmacists' Perspectives on Providing Chronic Disease Management Services in the Community — Part II: Development and Implementation of Services
Authors: Rosenthal Meagen , Grindrod Kelly A. , Lynd Larry , Marra Carlo A. , Bougher David , Wilgosh Chuck , Tsuyuki Ross T. 
Published: November 2009

Background: The need for alternative methods of providing primary care and chronic disease management (CDM) is becoming more urgent. To understand pharmacists' role in this changing health care system, we must better understand their desire and capacity to provide these services. Methods: Key stakeholders from all facets of pharmacy practice were recruited to participate in focus groups held in Alberta and British Columbia. Qualitative methodologies involving a phenomenological approach with content analysis were used to gather and analyze information. Results: In total, 36 pharmacists participated in 8 focus groups to identify enablers and challenges to the provision of CDM (reported in Part I). The topic of how such services could be implemented in the community developed naturally from these discussions. Participants expressed a need for changes to both the physical layout of pharmacies (to incorporate private counselling spaces) and the documentation and information systems used (to improve communication and continuity of care). Furthermore, the intentions of both pharmacists and employers must be communicated effectively to all parties, including patients. Participants also identified an alternative remuneration model as being essential, to allow adequate time for provision of CDM services and to ensure that current high-quality dispensing practices can be continued. Conclusion: Pharmacists have a tremendous opportunity to change practice and to contribute more to patient care. To guide and implement such change will require that pharmacists restructure their physical and information environments, strengthen their relationships with key stakeholders and develop a sustainable model of practice that includes the needs of the business, the client (patient) and the pharmacist.
Accelerating Autograft Maturation in Instrumented Posterolateral Lumbar Spinal Fusions Without Donor Site Morbidity
Authors: Rogozinski Abraham , Rogozinski Chaim , Cloud Gregory 
Published: November 2009

Properly harvested iliac crest bone autograft applied to a meticulously prepared fusion bed produces a consistently high rate of fusion with a low incidence of donor site morbidity. Some reports advocate substituting bone morphogenic protein (BMP) for iliac crest bone autograft, but in posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion, BMP appears better suited to facilitate iliac crest bone autograft maturation than to substitute for it.
In this single-center, nonrandomized, prospective study (minimum 2-year follow-up), cancellous-only iliac crest bone autograft was harvested for use in posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion. Reviewers blinded to graft condition and age assigned fusion scores to the random radiographs of 31 consecutive patients who underwent 1- to 3-level posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion using iliac crest bone autograft supplemented with either an implanted spinal fusion stimulator or BMP.

There was no significant immediate or remote iliac crest bone autograft harvest morbidity, and there was a significant reduction in pain scores postoperatively (
P
<.001). At 12 months, BMP radiographs were more likely than spinal fusion stimulator radiographs to be rated as fused (
P
<.019). All BMP patients were deemed fused at 12 months and all spinal fusion stimulator patients at 24 months.

In this study, iliac crest bone autograft supplemented with either BMP or spinal fusion stimulator resulted in a solid contiguous fusion without significant iliac crest bone autograft harvest-related morbidity. Bone morphogenic protein-supplemented iliac crest bone autograft fused at a faster rate, producing the more mature-appearing, trabeculated, robust fusion.
A METHOD FOR REARING NYSIUS ERICAE (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE), THE FALSE CHINCH BUG
Authors: Burgess L. , Weegar H.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe false chinch bug, Nysius ericae (Schilling), was reared successfully in clear polystyrene containers in the laboratory. Nymphs were fed hulled sunflower seeds and radish slices; adults were fed hulled sunflower seeds and seedlings of Brassica juncea mustard or B. napus canola. Eggs were laid in rolls of compacted cotton, stored at 5 ± 1°C, and brought out to room temperature for hatching.
EXPLOITING COLD-HARDINESS TO SEPARATEPISSODES STROBI(PECK) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FROM ASSOCIATED INSECTS IN LEADERS OFPICEA SITCHENSIS(BONG.) CARR.
Authors: Hulme Michael A. , Dawson Allan F. , Harris John W.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe cold-hardiness ofPissodes strobi(Peck) and of its insect associates in leaders ofPicea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr. was tested to determine whether the insect associates could be retrieved free ofP.strobifor use in biological control attempts onP.strobi. Leaders were stored at −8, −16, or −26°C for periods from 1 to 14 days. AllP.strobiwere dead after 14 days at −16°C, whereas their dipteran predator,Lonchaea corticisTaylor, and hymenopteran parasites,Eurytoma pissodisGirault andRhopalicus pulchripennis(Crawford), continued development after storage at −26°C. The scarcerDolichomitus terebrans(Ratzeburg) (Ichneumonidae) survived similarly although we did not always find it in our samples; and the equally scarceBracon pini(Muesebeck) (Braconidae) seemed susceptible to −26°C but continued development at −16°C. Of the fewAllodorus crassigaster(Provancher) (Braconidae) obtained one adult emerged after 7 days at −16°C. These results show that in leader clipping operations now used for attempted control ofP.strobi, most of the insect associates could be retrieved from the leaders after suitable cold treatment. Additional tests showed that cold-treated leaders could be stored outdoors in temperatures at least down to −20°C with little effect on adult emergence of insect associates. The field testing also showed that fewP.strobiin leaders ofP.sitchensiscan survive overnight temperatures near −20°C.
THE BIOLOGY OF IPS CALLIGRAPHUS AND IPS GRANDICOLLIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN JAMAICA
Authors: Garraway Eric 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIps calligraphus (Germar) has previously been recorded from Jamaica but this is the first record of Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) in the island. In Jamaica, both bark beetles attack 5 species of Pinus, 4 of which had not been previously recorded. The beetles thrive mainly on freshly cut logs and weakened trees, but recently they have been rising to economic importance in plantations. Successful attack on live trees is enhanced by mass aggregation of dispersing adults during invasion. Some adults may re-emerge after a phase of oviposition and disperse to new food sources. There is degeneration of flight muscles during oviposition, and regeneration to allow for another dispersive flight. In I. calligraphus attacking Pinus caribaea there was a mean of 26.74 ± 6.86 (mean ± SE) eggs per gallery, while in I. grandicollis there was 19.29 ± 3.04. The proportion of females at emergence was 0.57 ± 0.03 and 0.05 ± 0.02 in I. calligraphus and I. grandicollis, respectively.
DEUX NOUVELLES FOURMIS NÉARCTIQUES: LEPTOTHORAX RETRACTUS ET L. SPHAGNICOLUS (FORMICIDAE, HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: Francoeur André 
Published: November 2009

RésuméTwo new Nearctic ants of the genus Leptothorax (sensu stricto) are described. One, L. retractus, has a transcontinental range, while the other, L. sphagnicolus, was found until now only in the spruce bogs of the Saguenay–Lac-St-Jean region in Quebec. Their chromosome numbers are, respectively, n = 17–18 and n = 13. Both species exhibit an unusual production of intermorphic females and a boreo-temperate geographic distribution. Available bio-ecological data and their taxonomic position within the genus are discussed.
QUELQUES TRICHOPTÈRES DE L’EXTRÊME-ORIENT SOVIÉTIQUE
Authors: Schmid F. , Levanidova I.M. 
Published: November 2009

RésuméSetodes furcatulus Martynov, S. amurensis Martynov, S. crossotus Martynov et Leptocerus moselyi Martynov sont redéfinis. Setodes obscurus n.sp. et Rhyacophila sutchanica n.sp. sont décrits comme nouveaux. Setodes argentatus Matsumura, Trichosetodes polonorum Botosaneanu et Agapetus inaequispinosus Schmid sont signalés pour la première fois de la Province Maritime.
PHARPA, A NEW GENUS OF NEOTROPICAL AGATHIDINAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) WITH A DISCUSSION OF PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Sharkey M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe genus Pharpa is erected to include three species of Braconidae in the subfamily Agathidinae, viz. P. dubiosum (Szépligeti), P. basimacula (Cameron), and P. simulatrix (Cameron) all new combinations. Microdus albitarsis Cameron is newly synonymized with P. basimacula (Cameron). The genus Pharpa is distributed widely throughout the neotropics from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. Phylogenetic relationships with other agathidine genera are discussed, as is the possibility that the various species represent a polytypic, conspecific, mimetic complex.
RESPONSE TO CARBON DIOXIDE OF TABANUS QUINQUEVITTATUS WIEDEMANN FEMALES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE) IN RELATION TO RELATIVE ABUNDANCE, PARITY, FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT, AND SPERM AND FRUCTOSE PRESENCE
Authors: Leprince D.J. , Jolicoeur P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCarbon dioxide increased by 9-fold on the average the number of Tabanus quinquevittatus Wiedemann females collected in canopy traps without affecting parity rates, prevalence of sperm and fructose, and stage of terminal follicle development within nullipars, pars, or both groups together. Results were consistent whether the 2 years were pooled or considered separately.
SUBSAHARAN CERATOPOGONIDAE (DIPTERA).X. REPORT ON SPECIES COLLECTED IN THE DRAKENSBERG, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: de Meillon Botha , Downes J. Antony 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStudy of a collection of biting midges made by Stewart and Jarmila Peck in the Drakensberg Mountains, Natal, South Africa, yielded records of 42 species of Ceratopogonidae, of which the following 21 species are described as new: Forcipomyia aenigma, F. arcis, F. campanula, F. montana, F. stewarti, F. brunnea, Dasyhelea salta, D. falcata, Notoceratopogon minutus, N. vockerothi, Fanthamia aniculae, F. draconis, F. forsteri, F. montana, F. sani, Alluaudomyia rudolfi, Kolenohelea jarmilae, K. monticola, Serromyia silvatica, Stilobezzia fulva, and Palpomyia armigera. The genus Notoceratopogon with 4 species, all from southern Africa, is described as new with N. minutus n.sp. as the type species. A key is given for the separation of the 12 known species of Fanthamia, all from Subsaharan Africa.
SUMMER DIAPAUSE IN PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) IN ONTARIO
Authors: Laing J.E. , Heraty J.M. , Corrigan J.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe life stages of Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.) were monitored in an orchard at Guelph, Ontario in 1981 and 1982 and the results showed discrepancies with the previous concept of a trivoltine species occurring throughout its range in eastern North America. Sleeve cages were used to monitor the development of the second, mid-summer generation of leaf miners in a low-maintenance orchard at Guelph in 1982 and 1984 and 2 commercial orchards at Simcoe, Ontario in 1984. The flight period of the first-generation adults occurred over approximately a 6-week period. From eggs laid early in the flight period, a large proportion of the larvae developed quickly and emerged to give a second-generation adult flight. As the flight period continued, there was an increase in the number of progeny whose development was delayed in the early instars. These larvae did not pupate until late fall and overwintered as pupae. Of the second-generation larvae, about 70–90% at Guelph and 35% at Simcoe had a delayed development (summer diapause) and formed a large proportion of the overwintering population.
REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF PARAGUS LATREILLE (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)
Authors: Vockeroth J.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA revision of the New World species of Paragus is presented. Seven Nearctic species (6 new) of the subgenus Paragus and 1 Holarctic species of the subgenus Pandasyopthalmus are recognized. Figures of the male terminalia and a distribution map are given for each species.
EVIDENCE FOR MONOPHYLY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF CHALCIDOIDEA, MYMARIDAE, AND MYMAROMMATIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: TEREBRANTES)
Authors: Gibson Gary A.P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwenty-three characters or character systems of adults and larvae of Terebrantes are analyzed for evidence of monophyly and phyletic relationships of Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae, and Mymarommatidae. The taxa are considered to be a monophyletic group based on 3 hypothesized synapomorphies: mesotrochanteral depressor without fu2-tr2 or mesoscutal portion of t2-tr2; axillar phragma as site of origin for all or part of t,-tr2 muscle; and independent basal ring absent from male genitalia. The family Mymaridae is considered to be monophyletic based on at least 3 apomorphies: fore wing with hypochaeta; head with frontal, median, and supraorbital sulci; and toruli distinctly closer to inner margin of eye than to each other. Chalcidoidea, including Mymaridae, is considered to be a monophyletic taxon based on 3 apomorphies: prepectus externally visible, at least dorsally adjacent to lateral edge of mesoscutum; mesothoracic spiracle positioned at exposed lateral edge of mesoscutum; and multiporous plate sensilla of antenna with unique structure, as described in text. Mymarommatidae is considered to be the monophyletic sister group of Chalcidoidea based on several apomorphies, including 4 autapomorphies: head composed of frontal and occipital sclerites, which are connected by pleated membrane along hyperoccipital region; hind wing stalk-like, without membrane and terminated in bifurcation that clasps fore wing; fore wing with reticulate pattern formed by raised lineations of membrane; and axillar portion of t2-tr2 muscle absent. Phyletic relationship of Serphitidae with Mymarommatidae is deemed inconclusive because relevant internal character states of amber fossil serphitids cannot be determined. It is suggested that mymarommatids be accorded family status, but not be assigned to superfamily until phyletic relationships are more accurately determined in Terebrantes. A matrix summarizes character-state distribution of most characters analyzed for Terebrantes, and a cladogram illustrates hypotheses of character-state evolution and proposed relationships.
METHODS OF MEASURING BLOOD MEAL SIZE AND PROTEINASE ACTIVITY FOR DETERMINING EFFECTS OF MATED STATE ON DIGESTIVE PROCESSES OF FEMALE AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Houseman Jon G. , Downe A.E.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo techniques for measuring size of ingested blood meal and 5 methods of measuring proteinase activity in the midgut of Aedes aegypti are compared. Protein, measured after trichloroacetic acid precipitation, was found to be most suitable for determining blood meal size and loss of protein from the gut. Of 5 proteinase substrates tested (BAPNA (benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide), hemoglobin, casein, azocasein, and hide powder azure), BAPNA was considered most suitable for trypsin measurements. These techniques were used to show that virgin females, 6 and 10 days after eclosion, consumed smaller meals than mated females. Virgin females also showed delays in both onset of protein loss from the gut and the increase in proteinase activity after blood feeding.
A REVIEW OF THE LASIONYCTA LEUCOCYCLA COMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SUBSPECIES
Authors: Lafontaine J.D. , Kononenko V.S. , McCabe T.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe 9 species of the Lasionycta leucocycla complex are reviewed and the number of species reduced to 4. Populations of these species are arranged in 18 subspecies, of which 3 are described as new: L. leucocycla magadanensis Kononenko and Lafontaine, from Magadanskaya Oblast’, L. staudingeri sajanensis Kononenko, from southern Siberia, and L. quadrilunata yukona Lafontaine, from northwestern Canada. Lasionycta dovrensis (Wocke), of the Palaearctic region, is treated as a subspecies of L. leucocycla. Characters to distinguish the species and subspecies, and their distributions are given. The larva of L. staudingeri is described.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF IMMATURE STAGES OF MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (FAB.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) TO NOSEMA CUNEATUM HENRY (MICROSPORIDA: NOSEMATIDAE) AND ITS EFFECT ON HOST FECUNDITY
Authors: Erlandson M.A. , Ewen Al B. , Mukerji M.K. , Gillott C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSecond- and 3rd-instar nymphs of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab.) were more susceptible to Nosema cuneatum Henry infection than were 5th-instar nymphs. Lethal times were significantly lower for 2nd- and 3rd-instar nymphs inoculated with 1.0 × 106 and 104N. cuneatum spores/individual than for similarly treated 5th-instar nymphs and a much higher percentage of the latter were uninfected at the end of the experimental period (40–60 days post-inoculation). Fifth-instar nymphs inoculated with 1.0 × 106 spores/individual showed reduced adult longevity. The number of eggs laid per female was not significantly different for inoculated or untreated 5th-instar nymphs. However, the dry weights of eggs laid by inoculated grasshoppers were significantly lower and fewer eggs hatched than for those laid by untreated grasshoppers. Twenty to 30% of the progeny from inoculated 5th-instar nymphs had detectable levels of N. cuneatum sporoblasts and spores.