bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband Parametric Amplification in DARTWARS
Authors: Faverzani M. , Campana P. , Carobene R. , Gobbo M. , Ahrens F. , Avallone G. , Barone C. , Borghesi M. , Capelli S. , Carapella G. , Caricato A. P. , Callegaro L. , Carusotto I. , Celotto A. , Cian A. , D’Elia A. , Di Gioacchino D. , Enrico E. , Falferi P. , Fasolo L. , Ferri E. , Filatrella G. , Gatti C. , Giubertoni D. , Granata V. , Guarcello C. , Irace A. , Labranca D. , Leo A. , Ligi C. , Maccarrone G. , Mantegazzini F. , Margesin B. , Maruccio G. , Mezzena R. , Monteduro A. G. , Moretti R. , Nucciotti A. , Oberto L. , Origo L. , Pagano S. , Piedjou Komnang A. S. , Piersanti L. , Rettaroli A. , Rizzato S. , Tocci S. , Vinante A. , Zannoni M. , Giachero A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuperconducting parametric amplifiers offer the capability to amplify feeble signals with extremely low levels of added noise, potentially reaching quantum-limited amplification. This characteristic makes them essential components in the realm of high-fidelity quantum computing and serves to propel advancements in the field of quantum sensing. In particular, Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) may be especially suitable for practical applications due to their multi-Gigahertz amplification bandwidth, a feature lacking in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs), despite the latter being a more established technology. This paper presents recent developments of the DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS) project, focusing on the latest prototypes of Kinetic Inductance TWPAs (KITWPAs). The project aims to develop a KITWPA capable of achieving 20 dB of amplification. To enhance the production yield, the first prototypes were fabricated with half the length and expected gain of the final device. In this paper, we present the results of the characterization of one of the half-length prototypes. The measurements revealed an average amplification of approximately 9 dB across a 2 GHz bandwidth for a KITWPA spanning 17 mm in length.
Random-Matrix Models of Monitored Quantum Circuits
Authors: Bulchandani Vir B. , Sondhi S. L. , Chalker J. T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the competition between Haar-random unitary dynamics and measurements for unstructured systems of qubits. For projective measurements, we derive various properties of the statistical ensemble of Kraus operators analytically, including the purification time and the distribution of Born probabilities. The latter generalizes the Porter–Thomas distribution for random unitary circuits to the monitored setting and is log-normal at long times. We also consider weak measurements that interpolate between identity quantum channels and projective measurements. In this setting, we derive an exactly solvable Fokker–Planck equation for the joint distribution of singular values of Kraus operators, analogous to the Dorokhov–Mello–Pereyra–Kumar (DMPK) equation modelling disordered quantum wires. We expect that the statistical properties of Kraus operators we have established for these simple systems will serve as a model for the entangling phase of monitored quantum systems more generally.
Longitudinal Associations Among Socioeconomic Status, Delay Discounting, and Substance Use in Adolescence
Authors: Peviani Kristin M. , Clinchard Claudia , Bickel Warren K. , Casas Brooks , Kim-Spoon Jungmeen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is unclear how delay discounting and substance use develop across adolescence and whether contextual factors alter their trajectories. The present study used a longitudinal design to examine whether socioeconomic status is related to developmental trajectories of delay discounting and substance use across adolescence. The sample included 167 adolescents (Mage = 14 at Time 1; 53% male) and their parents who participated annually across four years. Parents reported SES at Time 1 and adolescents completed delay discounting behavioral assessments and substance use questionnaires at Times 1 to 4. Bivariate latent growth curve modeling revealed that low SES was related to steeper increases in substance use from age 14 through 17, mediated through elevated delay discounting at age 14. The findings clarify the mediating role of delay discounting in linking family economic environment to the progression of substance use.
Extreme rainfall and landslides as a response to human-induced climate change: a case study at Baixada Santista, Brazil, 2020
Authors: de Souza Danilo Couto , Crespo Natália Machado , da Silva Douglas Vieira , Harada Lila Mina , de Godoy Renan Muinos Parrode , Domingues Leonardo Moreno , Luiz Rafael , Bortolozo Cassiano Antonio , Metodiev Daniel , de Andrade Marcio Roberto Magalhães , Hartley Andrew J. , de Abreu Rafael Cesario , Li Sihan , Lott Fraser C. , Sparrow Sarah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn March 2020, an extreme rainfall in Baixada Santista, Brazil, led to a series of landslides affecting more than 2800 people and resulting losses exceeding USD 43 million. This attribution study compared extreme rainfall in two large ensembles of the UK Met Office Hadley Centre HadGEM3-GA6 model that represented the event with and without the effects of anthropogenic climate change. Antecedent rainfall conditions on two different timescales are considered, namely extreme 60-day rainfall (Rx60day) which relates to the soil moisture conditions and extreme 3-day rainfall (Rx3day) which represents landslide triggering heavy rainfall. In the scenario including both natural and human-induced factors the antecedent 60 day rainfall became 74% more likely, while the short-term trigger was 46% more likely. The anthropogenic contribution to changes in rainfall accounted for 20–42% of the total losses and damages. The greatest economic losses occurred in Guarujá (42%), followed by São Vicente (30%) and Santos (28%). Landslides were responsible for 47% of the homes damaged, 85% of the homes destroyed, all reported injuries, and 51% of the deaths associated with heavy rainfall. Changes in land cover and urbanization showed a pronounced increase in urbanized area in Guarujá (107%), São Vicente (61.7%) and Santos (36.9%) and a reduction in farming area. In recent years, the region has experienced an increase in population growth and a rise in the proportion of irregular and/or precarious housing in high-risk areas. Guarujá has the highest number of such dwellings, accounting for 34.8%. Our estimates suggest that extreme precipitation events are having shorter return periods due to climate change and increased urbanization and population growth is exposing more people to these events. These findings are especially important for decision-makers in the context of disaster risk reduction and mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
The diagnosis and prevalence of hypoprolactinemia in patients with panhypopituitarism and the effects on depression and sexual functions
Authors: Uzun Ilknur , Karaca Zuleyha , Hacioğlu Aysa , Unluhizarci Kursad , Kelestimur Fahrettin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the prevalence and the diagnostic criteria of hypoprolactinemia in patients with panhypopituitarism and the effects of hypoprolactinemia on depression and sexual functions.

Materials and methods
Forty-eight patients with panhypopituitarism and 20 healthy volunteers were included. Basal hormone levels were measured and a TRH stimulation test was performed. For the evaluation of sexual functions, questionnaries of Female Sexual Functional Index (FSFI) for females and International Erectile Functional Index for males were performed to the subjects. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by Beck Depression Envontory score (BDI-II).

Results
The peak PRL response to TRH stimulation test at 5th percentile in the control group was 18.6 ng/ml in males and 41.6 ng/ml in females and accepted as the cut-offs for sufficient response of PRL. Prolactin was insufficient in 42(87.5%) patients. A basal PRL level of ≤ 5.7 ng/ml in males and 7.11 ng/ml in females was 100% specific in predicting an inadequate response to TRH stimulation test with 80% and 70% sensitivity respectively. A basal PRL level of ≥ 8.5 ng/dl in males was 100% specific and 76% sensitive, and in females a level of ≥ 15.2 ng/dl was 96% specific and 66% sensitive in predicting an adequate response to TRH. PRL deficient patients with panhypopituitarism had higher depression scores compared to the controls, lower sexual function scores in males.

Conclusion
PRL deficiency is prevalent among individuals with panhypopituitarism, with the potential to result in elevated depression scores in both sexes and impaired sexual functions in males. A basal PRL level seems to be sufficient for the diagnosis of hypoprolactinemia in routine clinical practice.
Cycle integrals of meromorphic modular forms and Siegel theta functions
Authors: Schwagenscheidt Markus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study meromorphic modular forms associated with positive definite binary quadratic forms and their cycle integrals along closed geodesics in the modular curve. We show that suitable linear combinations of these meromorphic modular forms have rational cycle integrals. Along the way we evaluate the cycle integrals of the Siegel theta function associated with an even lattice of signature (1, 2) in terms of Hecke’s indefinite theta functions.
LCT-Based Framework for the Assessment of Sustainability: From the Perspective of Literature Review
Authors: Khan Kamran , Henschel Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the context of sustainable development, urban transformation should encourage the use of life cycle thinking tools for infrastructure development. By adopting sustainable economic, social, and environmental criteria, this study presents a review of sustainability assessment tools to build a framework for urban infrastructure. It incorporates a variety of methods that economists and industrial ecologists use for evaluating their projects, in addition to the LCT approach. To recognize the strategic sustainability indicators and criteria, the framework uses LCC, LCA, and SLCA in conjunction with stakeholder evaluation and multi-criteria decision analysis, which recognizes the foremost three pillars of sustainability, i.e., economy, environment, and society. Additionally, system dynamics and agent-based modelling are used to optimise the framework. The prominence of the framework is to understand the route an urban infrastructure development should follow to achieve key sustainability interests involving the interconnected environmental and socio-economic aspects. This sustainability assessment framework can be utilised by consultants or supporting agencies to help organisations carry out and monitor such projects.
Not that many leech species after all: Myzobdella lugubris and Myzobdella patzcuarensis (Annelida: Hirudinida) are the same species
Authors: Torres-Carrera Gerardo , Velázquez-Urrieta Yanet , Santacruz Ana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe genus Myzobdella groups five species of leeches parasites of fishes mainly of freshwater but with tolerance to brackish waters. Native distribution of these species includes the New World from North to South America. Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851, the type species of the genus, was briefly described based on specimens from the USA, but subsequently their morphology, known distribution and host range were expanded; however, less is known about the other four species of the genus. As part of a survey focusing on characterizing the diversity of leeches from Mexico, specimens of Myzobdella patzcuarensis (Caballero, 1940), from the type locality of the species were included for the first time in a phylogenetic study. In addition, specimens assigned to Myzobdella from the southeast of Mexico as well as from Nicaragua, were also included. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, our newly generated sequences were found nested in the same clade that M. lugubris; with unresolved relationships and relatively low genetic divergence, suggesting conspecificity. In addition, the internal morphology of the specimens of Myzobdella from Mexico is consistent with the description of M. lugubris. Our morphological examination reveals high degrees of variability in the external pigmentation of the specimens. Based on our results we formally synonymize M. patzcuarensis under M. lugubris.
Virtuous Collective Attention
Authors: Kaeslin Isabel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow can a collective pay attention virtuously? Imagine a group of scientists. It matters what topics they pay attention to, that is, which topics they draw to the foreground and take to be relevant, and which they leave in the background. It also matters which aspects of an investigated phenomenon they foreground, and which aspects they leave unnoticed in the background. If we want to understand not only how individuals pay attention of this kind virtuously, but also collectives, we first need a framework to understand virtuous collective agency. A result of this article will be that virtuous collective action depends on the collective being institutionalized. At the same time, we have to think of the constituents of the collective in terms of practical identities (as opposed to individuals). This is what enables us to understand how a collective can acquire the stability required for virtue, and how we don’t end up with a summative account of group virtue, respectively. It will be argued that collectives only have the required stability in their actions when their commitments are habitualized in the form of institutionalized procedures. An Aristotelian understanding of virtue distinguishes between commitment, inclination, and action. Only when a subject’s inclination is fully lined up with her commitment, do we arrive at the required stability (of character) for virtuous action. In the case of individuals, to build up an appropriate inclination consists in an inscribing of the commitment into the feelings and body of the subject. If a commitment is fully ‘embodied’ in this sense, it has formed the individual’s inclination accordingly. How can one make sense of this in the case of collective subjects? This article tries to show that for collectives, the embodiment of commitment (the forming of the fitting inclinations) consists in creating policies, procedures, and rules that stabilize the acting according to the commitment, irrespective of the motivation of each individual involved in the collective. Hence, embodiment of commitment, in the case of collectives, is institutionalization. The article then explores what this requirement of institutionalization means for collective attention. The illustration will draw on a distinction between focused and open-minded attention. It will be shown that for either case – focused and open-minded – in order for a collective to pay attention virtuously, it needs to have its commitments institutionalized.
PSMA-positive prostatic volume prediction with deep learning based on T2-weighted MRI
Authors: Laudicella Riccardo , Comelli Albert , Schwyzer Moritz , Stefano Alessandro , Konukoglu Ender , Messerli Michael , Baldari Sergio , Eberli Daniel , Burger Irene A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
High PSMA expression might be correlated with structural characteristics such as growth patterns on histopathology, not recognized by the human eye on MRI images. Deep structural image analysis might be able to detect such differences and therefore predict if a lesion would be PSMA positive. Therefore, we aimed to train a neural network based on PSMA PET/MRI scans to predict increased prostatic PSMA uptake based on the axial T2-weighted sequence alone.

Material and methods
All patients undergoing simultaneous PSMA PET/MRI for PCa staging or biopsy guidance between April 2016 and December 2020 at our institution were selected. To increase the specificity of our model, the prostatic beds on PSMA PET scans were dichotomized in positive and negative regions using an SUV threshold greater than 4 to generate a PSMA PET map. Then, a C-ENet was trained on the T2 images of the training cohort to generate a predictive prostatic PSMA PET map.

Results
One hundred and fifty-four PSMA PET/MRI scans were available (133 [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and 21 [18F]PSMA-1007). Significant cancer was present in 127 of them. The whole dataset was divided into a training cohort (n = 124) and a test cohort (n = 30). The C-ENet was able to predict the PSMA PET map with a dice similarity coefficient of 69.5 ± 15.6%.

Conclusion
Increased prostatic PSMA uptake on PET might be estimated based on T2 MRI alone. Further investigation with larger cohorts and external validation is needed to assess whether PSMA uptake can be predicted accurately enough to help in the interpretation of mpMRI.
Cooperation in combinatorial search
Authors: Gerbner Dániel , Keszegh Balázs , Nagy Kartal , Patkós Balázs , Wiener Gábor 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the game theoretical approach of the basic problem in Combinatorial Search an adversary thinks of a defective element d of an n-element pool X, and the questioner needs to find x by asking questions of type is

$$d\in Q?$$

d
∈
Q
?

for certain subsets Q of X. We study cooperative versions of this problem, where there are multiple questioners, but not all of them learn the answer to the queries. We consider various models that differ in how it is decided who gets to ask the next query, who obtains the answer to the query, and who needs to know the defective element by the end of the process.
The impact of loneliness on depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a two-wave follow-up study
Authors: Yan Linlin , Ding Xu , Gan Yiqun , Wang Naiyi , Wu Jianhui , Duan Hongxia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, many regions and countries implemented lockdowns and isolation to curb the virus’s spread, which might increase loneliness and lead to a series of psychological distress. This study aims to investigate the association between loneliness and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine whether perceived social support and perceived internal control mediate the loneliness-depression relationship in China. Self-report questionnaires were distributed online in two waves during the pandemic in 2020. At Wave 1, demographics and loneliness were reported when the lockdown was initially implemented in China, and at Wave 2, as the pandemic came under control and the epicenter lifted its lockdown. Depression, perceived social support, and perceived internal control were measured at both two waves. Higher levels of loneliness at Wave 1 were associated with more depression at Wave 2 after controlling for baseline depression and demographic variables. Simple mediation models showed that both perceived social support and internal control at two waves independently mediated the relationship between Wave 1 loneliness and Wave 2 depression. Additionally, the serial multiple mediation model indicated that perceived social support and perceived internal control sequentially mediated the path from loneliness to subsequent depression. A higher level of loneliness during the initial lockdown was linked with more severe depression with the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both perceived social support and perceived internal control acted as essential protective factors against depression from loneliness. Meanwhile, social support might protect mental health by enhancing the sense of self-control when facing loneliness.
Climate adaptation law: a European perspective
Authors: Albrecht Juliane 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn contrast to climate protection law, which regulates the mitigation of climate change, climate adaptation law deals with the management of the unavoidable consequences of climate change. This article provides an overview of its legal basis from a European perspective. In addition to international law, especially the Paris Agreement, EU law is of central importance in this respect. It is primarily shaped by the EU Climate Law enacted in 2021. However, this Law only sets a general framework and is further defined by legal acts of various sectoral policies, especially in the field of environment. Climate adaptation regulations at the level of European member states are presented using the example of Germany, where a Federal Climate Adaptation Act is currently being drafted. Due to Germany's federal state structure, state legislation is also analysed. Most of the German states (“Länder”) have their own climate laws, although their content varies. The municipal level is only addressed with restraint in these laws. The reasons for this are of a fiscal constitutional nature and will be explained in more detail.
Improving the in-situ upgrading of extra heavy oil using metal-based oil-soluble catalysts through oxidation process for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Nejad Zare Reza , Mehrabi-Kalajahi Seyedsaeed , Varfolomeev Mikhail A. , Talipov Sarvar , Zinnatullin Almaz L. , Sadikov Kamil G. , Vagizov Farit G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe demand for fuel from unconventional sources is increasing all over the world, however, there are still special and strict regulations regarding the methods of enhanced oil recovery as well as the content of the oil produced, including the amount of sulfur. In-situ combustion (ISC) is an attractive thermal method to enhance oil recovery and in-situ upgrading process. In this work, copper (II) oleate and copper (II) stearate were used for the oxidation of extra heavy oil with high sulfur content in the ISC process using a self-designed porous medium thermo-effect cell (PMTEC) and visual combustion tube. Using PMTEC the catalytic performances of the synthesized oil-soluble copper (II) oleate and copper (II) stearate and kinetic parameters such as activation energy using Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method were studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the characteristics of in-situ synthesized CuO nanoparticles during oxidation. As shown, the presence of oil-soluble copper (II) stearate and copper (II) oleate reduced oil viscosity from 9964 to 8000 and 6090 mPa˙s, respectively. Following ISC process in porous media in the presence of copper (II) oleate, the high sulfur extra heavy oil upgraded, and its sulfur content decreased from 10.33 to 6.79%. Additionally, SARA analysis revealed that asphaltene and resin content decreased in the presence of oil-soluble catalysts. During the oxidation reaction, homogeneous catalyst decomposed into nanoparticles, and heterogeneous catalyst is distributed uniformly in porous media and played an active role in the catalytic process. It should be noticed that, these kind of oil-soluble catalysts can be novel and highly potential candidates for initiation and oxidation of extra heavy oil in order to decrease the viscosity, enhanced oil recovery and production of the upgraded oil.
Graphical abstract