The effect of ageing in an experimental model of myocardial infarction in senescent mice
Authors: Hermenegildo C , Paes A B , Perez-Cremades D , Diaz A , Descals-Beltran B , Rosales-Ariza C , Novella S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (ISCIII) PI19/01714 and PI22/1083 co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by the Generalitat Valenciana.

Introduction
The murine experimental model of myocardial infarction allows the study of underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms in cardiac function. Specifically, intercellular communication mediated by small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) which can modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, is one of the fundamental processes in the investigation of this pathology that needs to be explored in animal models. The Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone (SAMP8) and its control strain SAM Resistant (SAMR1) have been established as an experimental model to study ageing-associated vascular dysfunction but scarcely used in epigenetic studies.

Purpose
To assess the suitability of the SAMR1/SAMP8 ageing model for the study of miRNAs expression following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to determine the optimal time after AMI to measure circulating miRNA levels.

Methods
Six-month old male and female SAMR1 and SAMP8 (n = 6 per group) underwent AMI by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and sham surgery. All interventions were performed under full anesthesia and analgesia. Animals were euthanized at different times (1h, 4h and 24h) and blood were collected. AMI was confirmed by immediate discoloration of the left ventricle, by ST segment elevation in the electrocardiogram, and by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining of the non-ischemic areas of heart sections. RNA was obtained from non-hemolyzed serum. Circulating miRNA previously considered as possible AMI biomarkers, miR-1-3p, miR-133-3p, miR-208-3p and miR-499-5p, were measured by qRT-PCR. Results are shown as mean ± SEM of the relative expression (2-ΔΔCt), using U6 snRNA as endogenous control. p-values were calculated using ANOVA and statistical significance was considered when p&lt;0.05. The investigation complies with ethical standards and was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Welfare of University of Valencia (2020/VSC/PEA/0128).

Results
miR-1-3p, miR-133-3p, miR-208-3p and miR-499-5p were significantly increased 4 hours after AMI when compared with sham group in both SAMR1 and SAMP8. It was noteworthy that only with the sham surgery all biomarkers exhibited a time-dependent decrease (p &lt; 0.05). While miR-1-3p rose at 4 hours after AMI (6.46 ± 1.32, p&lt;0.001), miR-133-3p, miR-208-3p and miR-499-5p showed a time-dependent upregulation, being maximal at 24 hours after AMI (p &lt; 0.001 vs. sham group). When comparing samples from SAMR1 and SAMP8, the expression of the analyzed miRNAs was higher in SAMP8 4 hours after AMI (p &lt; 0.05), to a greater extent than in SAMR1.

Conclusion
Through the use of the SAMR1/SAMP8 mice model, the impact of ageing on miRNA expression following an AMI was notably confirmed, particularly at 4 hours after AMI. Consequently, this study proposes the SAMR1/SAMP8 mouse model as suitable for studying the effects of both AMI and ageing on circulating miRNA expression.