bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of PbSe Hollow Nanostructure Assemblies via a Solid/Liquid‐Phase Chemical Route and Their Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Properties
Authors: Han Min , Li Yanrong , Niu Hongyan , Liu Lili , Chen Kunji , Bao Jianchun , Dai Zhihui , Zhu Jianming 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSpherical PbSe hollow nanostructure assemblies (HNSAs) were synthesized by a simple one‐pot solid/liquid‐phase reaction in which solid KPbI3⋅2 H2O and SeO2 are heated in oleic acid/dodecylamine/1‐octadecene at 250 °C for 30 min. XRD analysis shows that the obtained product is cubic‐phase PbSe and well crystallized. FESEM and TEM images reveal that the obtained spherical PbSe assemblies are made up of small, irregular, and fused hollow nanostructure building blocks. On the basis of temperature‐ and time‐dependent investigations as well as control experiments, molten‐salt corrosion of solid PbSe nanocrystal aggregates formed in situ during the high‐temperature ripening stage is suggested to explain the formation of such novel assemblies. Moreover, when the reaction temperature is further increased to 280 or 320 °C with other conditions unchanged, cubic and orthorhombic mixed‐phase PbSe HNSAs is generated. The obtained PbSe HNSAs exhibit excellent electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) performance. Two strong and stable emission peaks at about −1.4 and +1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) are observed. In particular, the ECL intensity is influenced by the crystal phase of PbSe.
Characterising Lone‐Pair Activity of Lead(II) by 207Pb Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy: Coordination Polymers of [N(CN)2]− and [Au(CN)2]− with Terpyridine Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Greer Brandon J. , Michaelis Vladimir K. , Katz Michael J. , Leznoff Daniel B. , Schreckenbach Georg , Kroeker Scott 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of lead(II) coordination polymers containing [N(CN)2]− (DCA) or [Au(CN)2]− bridging ligands and substituted terpyridine (terpy) ancillary ligands ([Pb(DCA)2] (1), [Pb(terpy)(DCA)2] (2), [Pb(terpy){Au(CN)2}2] (3), [Pb(4′‐chloro‐terpy){Au(CN)2}2] (4) and [Pb(4′‐bromo‐terpy)(μ‐OH2)0.5{Au(CN)2}2] (5)) was spectroscopically examined by solid‐state 207Pb MAS NMR spectroscopy in order to characterise the structural and electronic changes associated with lead(II) lone‐pair activity. Two new compounds, 2 and [Pb(4′‐hydroxy‐terpy){Au(CN)2}2] (6), were prepared and structurally characterised. The series displays contrasting coordination environments, bridging ligands with differing basicities and structural and electronic effects that occur with various substitutions on the terpyridine ligand (for the [Au(CN)2]− polymers). 207Pb NMR spectra show an increase in both isotropic chemical shift and span (Ω) with increasing ligand basicity (from δiso=−3090 ppm and Ω=389 ppm for 1 (the least basic) to δiso=−1553 ppm and Ω=2238 ppm for 3 (the most basic)). The trends observed in 207Pb NMR data correlate with the coordination sphere anisotropy through comparison and quantification of the PbN bond lengths about the lead centre. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the more basic ligands result in greater p‐orbital character and show a strong correlation to the 207Pb NMR chemical shift parameters. Preliminary trends suggest that 207Pb NMR chemical shift anisotropy relates to the measured birefringence, given the established correlations with structure and lone‐pair activity.
Driving Rotational Transitions in Molecules on a Chip
Authors: Santambrogio Gabriele , Meek Samuel A. , Abel Mark J. , Duffy Liam M. , Meijer Gerard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolar molecules in selected quantum states can be guided, decelerated, and trapped using electric fields created by microstructured electrodes on a chip. Herein we explore how transitions between two of these quantum states can be induced while the molecules are on the chip. We use CO (a3Π1, v=0) molecules, prepared in the J=1 rotational level, and induce the J=2←J=1 rotational transition with narrow‐band sub‐THz (mm‐wave) radiation. First, the mm‐wave source is characterized using CO molecules in a freely propagating molecular beam, and both Rabi cycling and rapid adiabatic passage are examined. Then we demonstrate that the mm‐wave radiation can be coupled to CO molecules that are less than 50 μm above the chip. Finally, CO molecules are guided in the J=1 level to the center of the chip where they are pumped to the J=2 level, recaptured, and guided off the chip.
Synthesis and Structure of Four‐Coordinate Copper(II) Complexes Stabilized by β‐Ketiminato Ligands and Application in the Reverse Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Gulli Stefano , Daran Jean‐Claude , Poli Rinaldo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe reaction of CuCl2 with R2NCH2CH2NHC(Me)=CHCO(Me) [R = Me (HL1) or Et (HL2)] in the presence of Et3N leads to the formation of complexes [CuCl(Ln)] [n = 1 (1), 2 (2)]. Whereas the solid‐state structure of compound 2 is mononuclear with a close to square‐planar arrangement of the ClON2 donor set, compound 1 adopts a dinuclear di‐μ‐chlorido arrangement in which two mononuclear units having essentially the same arrangement as in 2 establish loose axial Cu···Cl interactions, each one of them with the Cl atom of the other one. Compounds 1 and 2 have been tested as reversible trapping agents for the controlled radical polymerization of styrene under a reverse atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) approach. Reversible Cl atom transfer leading to a controlled polymerization process is observed, although the controllability is negatively affected by slow radical trapping. A moderate effect on the polymerization rate, once all the radical initiator is consumed, was observed in the presence of an excess amount of pyridine (10 equiv. per Cu) and interpreted on the basis of the stabilization of the CuI system.
A Polymorphic Platinum(II) Complex: Yellow, Red, and Green Polymorphs and X‐ray Crystallography of [Pt(fdpb)Cl] [Hfdpb = 1,3‐Bis(5‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐pyridyl)benzene]
Authors: Nishiuchi Yuta , Takayama Asuka , Suzuki Takayoshi , Shinozaki Kazuteru 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe investigated polymorphism in [Pt(fdpb)Cl] [Hfdpb = 1,3‐bis(5‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐pyridyl)benzene]. The following polymorphs of the complex were crystallized: yellow [Form Y; orthorhombic, Pca21, a = 23.4336(14) Å, b = 4.6377(2) Å, c = 15.7845(9) Å, Z = 4], red [Form R; monoclinic, C2/c, a = 21.3619(12) Å, b = 13.5629(7) Å, c = 13.6974(6) Å, β = 122.301(2)°, Z = 8], and dark green [Form G; monoclinic,P21/a, a = 6.7953(4) Å, b = 18.2519(12) Å, c = 13.5199(8) Å, β = 96.039(2)°, Z = 4]. The yellow color of Form Y was due to the influence of stacking on the π,π* absorption of the Pt molecule; the red color of Form R originated from a MMLCT absorption due to Pt–Pt interactions in a closely stacked dimer; and the dark green of Form G was attributed to the absorption of a linear array of PtII complexes. The polymorphs emitted luminescence at around 550 (Form Y), 670 (Form R), and 750 nm (Form G). Mechanical grinding of the crystals changed the polymorphs from the crystalline to the amorphous phase; the emission spectra of ground samples of Forms Y and R, observed at 750 nm, were identical. When the amorphous solid was heated to around 500 K, the emission spectrum was blueshifted to 670 nm due to a phase transition from amorphous to crystalline. Heating also caused a crystal–crystal transformation; phase transitions from Form G to Form R and Form R to Form Y proceeded at 430–470 and 540–560 K, respectively.
Genetic type, distribution patterns and controlling factors of beach and bars in the second member of the Shahejie formation in the Dawangbei Sag, Bohai Bay, China
Authors: Hongwen Deng , Yi Xiao , Lixiang Ma , Zhenglong Jiang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAs an important reservoir type in the Bohai Bay Basin, China, lacustrine beach and bar sands which refer to the shallow water complex deposited mainly by nearshore, delta‐rim and buried hill‐related beaches as well as longshore bars were developed in a particular stage in the evolution of those faulted Cenozoic continental depressions. In the Chezhen Depression, for example, the Second Member of the Oligocene Shehejie Formation (abbr. as Es2 hereafter) formed during the rifting‐to‐thermal subsidence transitional stage. Although well developed in Es2, beach and bar sands are difficult to recognize owing to their relative thinness. The paper summarizes sedimentary characteristics of lacustrine beach and bar sands on cores and logs. Low‐angle cross‐stratification, swash stratification, as well as occasional small‐scale hummocky cross‐stratification resulted from storms can be observed in beach and bar sands. The paper distinguishes bars and beaches from each other in Es2 mainly based on the grain‐size, bed thickness, facies succession and log responses.In order to predict the distribution of beach and bars, a chrono‐stratigraphic correlation framework of Es2 in the study strata is established using a high‐resolution sequence stratigraphic approach. Es2 strata are sub‐divided into six medium‐scale cycles and the mapping of the high‐frequency cycles allows the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of both beach and bar sands to be predicted. The study shows that beach and bars are better developed in times of base‐level fall than in base‐level rise. Factors such as lake‐level fluctuation, sediment supply, palaeogeomorphology and palaeowind direction have exerted control on the formation and distribution of beach and bar sands. Finally, the genetic pattern of beach and bar sands in the Es2 unit has been constructed, which provides a foundation for the prediction of beach and bars reservoir in continental basins in general. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology and Rheology of Polypropylene/Polystyrene/Clay Nanocomposites in Batch and Continuous Melt Mixing Processes
Authors: Cho Seahan , Hong Joung Sook , Lee Seung Jong , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Covas José António , Maia João Manuel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe addition of organically modified layered silicates (organoclay) to highly immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene, PP/PS, blends leads to a significant change in blend morphology and rheology. In this study, the kinetics for morphological development of the blend nanocomposites was studied by two mixing methods (internal batch mixing and continuous mixing), with a focus on the mechanism of dispersion of the silicate layers and its dependence on mixing conditions. Through the use of a twin‐screw co‐rotating extruder specially modified with sampling ports along its length it was possible to study, for the first time, the kinetics of morphology developed upon mixing. The results show that the evolution of silicate layer dispersion during morphology occurs by and large relatively early in the mixing process and that the most favorable breaking process of the dispersed phase occurs initially due to the breaking up of the initial silicate tactoids into thinner ones and also due to their presence inside it. As a consequence of these sequential processes, the organoclay layers end up at the interface between the PP and the polystyrene phases and stabilize the morphology. magnified image
Ion Flux Characteristics in Pulsed Dual Magnetron Discharges Used for Deposition of Photoactive TiO2 Films
Authors: Šícha Jan , Novák Ondřej , Vlček Jaroslav , Kudláček Pavel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPulsed dc dual magnetron sputtering was used for preparation of photocatalytic crystalline TiO2 films. The depositions were performed in an Ar + O2 gas mixture at a total pressure of 0.9 Pa with an oxygen partial pressure of 0.2 Pa. The maximum substrate surface temperature was 160 °C. Both magnetrons operated in the same asymmetric bipolar mode at the repetition frequency of 100 kHz with a fixed 50% duty cycle, but their operations were shifted by a half of the period. Time‐averaged energy‐resolved mass spectroscopy was performed at a substrate position located 100 mm from the targets. A suppression of high‐energy ions in the flux onto the substrate resulted in a strong predominance of the highly photoactive crystalline anatase phase in the TiO2 films. magnified image
Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow in Bath during Combined Side and Top Blowing AOD Refining Process of Stainless Steel: Application of the Model and Results
Authors: Wei Ji‐He , He Yuan , Shi Guo‐Min 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe mathematical model developed for the molten steel flow in the combined side and top blowing AOD refining process of stainless steel has been used to compute and analyze the flow fields of the liquid phases in the baths of the 120 t AOD converter and its water model unit with a 1/4 linear scale. The influence of the side tuyere number and the angle between each tuyere on the flows has been examined. The results demonstrate that the mathematical model can quite reliably and well model and predict the fluid flow in an AOD bath with the combined blowing. The liquid flow in an AOD converter bath with the combined blowing is resulted from the gas side blowing streams under the influence of a gas top blowing jet. The streams play a governing role on it; and the liquid in the whole bath is in active agitation and circulatory motion during the gas blowing process. The gas jet from the top lance does not change the essential features of the gas stirring and liquid flow in the bath, but can make the local flow pattern of the bath liquid obviously vary and its turbulent kinetic energy enhance. The changes in the tuyere position and number have similarly not altered the basic characteristics and patterns of the gas agitation and liquid flow and turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the bath. At a given tuyere number and gas side blowing rate or a given angular separation between each tuyere and gas side blowing rate, however, the variation of the angle between each tuyere or the tuyere number can locally change them. Using 6 tuyeres with 27° can reach the more uniform flow field and turbulent energy distribution of the liquid in the bath than taking 7 tuyeres with 18° or 22.5° and 6 tuyeres with 22.5°.
Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Magnetic Properties of the New Heterometallic Chain Compound CrCrNi(di‐2,2′‐pyridylamido)4Cl2·Et2O
Authors: Aydin‐Cantürk Dilahan , Nuss Hanne 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe new heterometallic chain compound CrCrNi(dpa)4Cl2·Et2O (dpa = di‐2,2′‐pyridylamido and Et = ethyl) was synthesized by the reaction of Cr2(dpa)4 and NiCl2 in dry tetrahydrofurane. Recrystallization from CH2Cl2/ethyl ether yielded dark red, block‐shaped crystals suitable for X‐ray structure determination (P21/c(no. 14), a = 159.29(1), b = 157.35(1), c = 169.76(1) pm, β = 98.228(2)°, V = 4211.0(6) pm3, Z = 4). The crystal structure of the title compound exhibits an orientational disorder of the CrCrNi chains, which has been elucidated by applying a well‐defined split model. The Cr–Cr distance of 203.7(2) pm within the chain indicates the presence of quadruply bonded, diamagnetic (Cr2)4+ dimers and paramagnetic, pseudo‐octahedrally coordinated Ni2+ ions. This is in good agreement with the paramagnetic behavior found between 2 and 300 K, which can be described using the Curie–Weiss law. The obtained effective magnetic moment μeff of 3.45 μB clearly shows the existence of pseudo‐octahedrally coordinated Ni2+ (S = 1).
Comparing the Cost‐Effectiveness of Short Orthopedic Missions in Elective and Relief Situations in Developing Countries
Authors: Gosselin Richard A. , Gialamas Gus , Atkin Dave M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe earthquake that occurred in Haiti on 12 January 2010 elicited an unprecedented response from the American orthopedic community. Many small organizations, such as Operation Rainbow, were thrust into the unfamiliar environment of relief surgery, whereas they normally provide short elective reconstruction missions in developing countries.MaterialsBecause of the chaotic nature of relief work, it was assumed that the organization’s efforts would be less cost‐effective than their usual elective work. To evaluate this conclusion, the present study was designed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of the organization’s usual elective missions with the emergency relief provided in the wake of the Haiti earthquake.Results and conclusionsThe assumption that emergency costs would be higher was proven wrong, with estimates of $362 per disability‐adjusted life‐year (DALY) averted in the elective group, and $343 per DALY averted in the relief group.
Video‐assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: Hepatectomy for Liver Neoplasm
Authors: Murakami Masahiko , Aoki Takeshi , Kato Takashi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic liver resection has recently gained wide acceptance for various liver tumors, thanks to advances in surgical techniques and devices. However, if the tumor is located in the subdiaphragmatic area of segments 7 and 8, resection is difficult. We demonstrate herein a novel technique for video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery hepatectomy (VATS‐H) for liver tumors located in the subdiaphragmatic area.MethodsFive patients underwent VATS‐H for a liver neoplasm. One port or two ports and two laparoscopic protectors were placed on the chest surrounding the tumor. Using intraoperative thoracoscopic ultrasonography (IOTU), the portion of the diaphragm located just above the tumor was cut and opened using laparoscopic coagulating shears. IOTU was performed on the liver surface, and the tumor margin was marked by electrocautery. For liver resection, microwave tissue coagulation or radiofrequency ablation was used for coagulation before liver transection and for coagulation of liver parenchyma during the transection.ResultsThe mean operating time was 137 min (range 95–185 min), and the mean operative blood loss was 43 g (range 0–200 g). No postoperative complications were encountered.ConclusionsVATS‐H appears useful for resecting liver tumors located in the subdiaphragmatic area.
Psychosocial developmental milestones in men with classic galactosemia
Authors: Gubbels Cynthia Sophia , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Berry Gerard Thomas , Bosch Annet Maria , Waisbren Susan , Rubio‐Gozalbo Maria Estela , Grootenhuis Martha Alexandra 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPatients with classic galactosemia suffer from several long term effects of their disease. Research in a group of mainly female patients has shown that these patients may also have a developmental delay with regard to their social aptitude. To study if male galactosemia patients achieve psychosocial developmental milestones more slowly than male peers from the general Dutch population, we assessed their development with the Course of Life Questionnaire (CoLQ). A total of 18 male galactosemia patients participated in this study (response rate 69%): 11 Dutch patients and seven American patients. We found severe delays in the social and psychosexual scales of this questionnaire, but not on the autonomy axis. These results are comparable to an earlier study with a limited number of male patients. The observed delays could be secondary to less developed social skills, cognitive dysfunction, or disrupted language development. We strongly recommend screening of galactosemia patients for developmental delays, to ensure early intervention through social skills training.
Investigation of Radialization and Rerouting of the Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM) in the Abduction Deformity of the Little Finger: A Cadaver Study
Authors: van Aaken Jan , Zhu Jin , Fasel Jean H. D. , Beaulieu Jean-Yves 
Published: February 2011

Background One of several operations to correct abduction deformity of the little finger, (Wartenberg's sign) in ulnar nerve palsy, is a combined procedure that radializes the extensor digiti minimi (EDM) at the level of the fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and reroutes it from the fifth to fourth extensor compartment. This cadaveric study was designed to investigate the impact of both elements on adduction. Materials and Methods Anatomy of the little finger extensor apparatus was studied in 16 freshly frozen cadaver hands sectioned at mid forearm. We observed little finger motion after different modifications of the EDM. We tested the effect of a rerouting maneuver by pulling on the EDM, as well as radialization of the EDM alone and in combination with rerouting. Results The EDM was present in all cases. Little finger extensor digitorum communis (EDCV) was missing in two cadavers. In no case was adduction created by rerouting the EDM to the fourth compartment. Radialization of the EDM corrected the abduction deformity beyond the axis of abduction/adduction of the fifth MCP joint in 13 cases and only up to it in three cases. In one of the three with limited correction, a rerouting maneuver allowed for further adduction. Conclusion The key to correct abduction deformity of the little finger is radialization of the EDM, which can be done through a solitary incision at the level of the MCP joint. Rerouting alone does not correct the abduction deformity, and in combination with radialization it does not predictably enhance the correction.
The dynamics of macroparasite host-self-infection: a study of the patterns and processes of pinworm (Oxyuridae) aggregation
Authors: GREAR DANIEL A. , HUDSON PETER 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYObjectives.Among parasites, Taylor's power law identifies a tight relationship in aggregation of macroparasite infection intensity with few exceptions; notably, the nematode family Oxyuridae tends to have higher than expected aggregation. Oxyuridae infect a wide range of mammalian hosts and have a unique reproductive strategy that involves conventional horizontal transmission, as well as re-infection of an already infected host. We asked the question, do the unique aspects of pinworm life-history explain an exception to the widely observed patterns of aggregation of parasite populations?Methods.We empirically examined the differences among Oxyuridae (genus:Syphacia) compared with other helminth (genus:Heligmosomoides) parasite aggregations in 2 rodent hosts with similar ecology: the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) from Trento, Italy and the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) from Pennsylvania, USA. To investigate the effects of pinworm life-history characteristics on generating aggregation, we present a stochastic model that explores aggregation under a range of host-self-infection, parasite death, and transmission scenarios.Results.Oxyuridae parasites had consistently greater aggregation compared to other nematodes regardless of host or parasite species identity, and pinworm aggregation exceeded the range of macroparasite aggregation described previously.Conclusions.Our simulations demonstrate that host-self-infection, on its own, is sufficient to generate aggregation values greater than the predicted values.