bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a standardized urine proteome analysis methodology
Authors: Court Magali , Selevsek Nathalie , Matondo Mariette , Allory Yves , Garin Jerome , Masselon Christophe D. , Domon Bruno 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUrine is an easily accessible bodily fluid particularly suited for the routine clinical analysis of disease biomarkers. Actually, the urinary proteome is more diverse than anticipated a decade ago. Hence, significant analytical and practical issues of urine proteomics such as sample collection and preparation have emerged, in particular for large‐scale studies. We have undertaken a systematic study to define standardized and integrated analytical protocols for a biomarker development pipeline, employing two LC‐MS analytical platforms, namely accurate mass and time tags and selected reaction monitoring, for the discovery and verification phase, respectively. Urine samples collected from hospital patients were processed using four different protocols, which were evaluated and compared on both analytical platforms. Addition of internal standards at various stages of sample processing allowed the estimation of protein extraction yields and the absolute quantification of selected urinary proteins. Reproducibility of the entire process and dynamic range of quantification were also evaluated. Organic solvent precipitation followed by in‐solution digestion provided the best performances and was thus selected as the standard method common to the discovery and verification phases. Finally, we applied this protocol for platforms' cross‐validation and obtained excellent consistency between urinary protein concentration estimates by both analytical methods performed in parallel in two laboratories.
A reproducibility‐based evaluation procedure for quantifying the differences between MS/MS peak intensity normalization methods
Authors: Degroeve Sven , Colaert Niklaas , Vandekerckhove Joël , Gevaert Kris , Martens Lennart 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe identification of peptides and proteins from fragmentation mass spectra is a very common approach in the field of proteomics. Contemporary high‐throughput peptide identification pipelines can quickly produce large quantities of MS/MS data that contain valuable knowledge about the actual physicochemical processes involved in the peptide fragmentation process, which can be extracted through extensive data mining studies. As these studies attempt to exploit the intensity information contained in the MS/MS spectra, a critical step required for a meaningful comparison of this information between MS/MS spectra is peak intensity normalization. We here describe a procedure for quantifying the efficiency of different published normalization methods in terms of the quartile coefficient of dispersion (qcod) statistic. The quartile coefficient of dispersion is applied to measure the dispersion of the peak intensities between redundant MS/MS spectra, allowing the quantification of the differences in computed peak intensity reproducibility between the different normalization methods. We demonstrate that our results are independent of the data set used in the evaluation procedure, allowing us to provide generic guidance on the choice of normalization method to apply in a certain MS/MS pipeline application.
RA: overview of recommended diagnosis and drug treatment
Authors: Nikiphorou Elena , Young Adam 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, disabling and progressive disease, but early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of irreversible joint destruction, functional disability and premature mortality. In our Drug review the authors outline current approaches to diagnosis and drug treatment, followed by sources of further information. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Influence of Sb doping on optical and structural properties of ZnO by MOCVD
Authors: Zhao Jianze , Liang Hongwei , Sun Jingchang , Feng Qiuju , Li Shuoshi , Bian Jiming , Hu Lizhong , Du Guotong , Ren Jingjian , Liu Jianlin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSb‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were investigated. The influence of Sb‐doping concentration on the optical and structural properties of ZnO was investigated. The deep‐level emission was suppressed gradually by Sb doping. The grain size of ZnO was also increased by Sb doping. The reasons for improvement in optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films are also discussed.
The mechanism of Sandmeyer's cyclization reaction by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Silva Bárbara V. , Violante Flávio A. , Pinto Angelo C. , Santos Leonardo S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUsing electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS(/MS)) spectrometric experiments, the Sandmeyer reaction was monitored on‐line, and key intermediates were intercepted and characterized for the first time. The mechanistic information provided by on‐line ESI‐MS(/MS) is in accordance with Sandmeyer's proposal, and was made possible by coupling a microreactor on‐line to the ESI ion source, which allowed reactions to be screened from 0.7–2.0 s, identifying and characterizing all intermediates that were formed and consumed during the reaction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Slag Protection System and Sample Geometry on Homogeneity of Total Oxygen Content in Samples from Liquid Steel
Authors: Ericsson O.T. , Karasev A.V. , Jönsson P.G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMany kinds of disposable samplers are available for sampling of liquid steel during steelmaking. Depending on slag protection, they can be divided into two main groups: metal‐cap‐protected and argon‐protected samplers. For high quality steels, a correct determination of inclusion characteristics in metal samples is important for an improved process control. This paper seeks to investigate the effect of slag protection system, and sample geometry, on deviation and total content of oxygen within samples from the ladle treatment of liquid duplex stainless steel. The homogeneity with respect to total oxygen content was determined for different zones in the body, pin and inlet part of Björneborg and Lollipop (6 and 12 mm thickness) samples. The results showed low, and stable, contents of oxygen in the argon‐protected samples. However, the total oxygen content, and deviation of oxygen, in metal‐cap‐protected samples was much higher, especially in the body part of the samples. Finally, it was found that the oxygen content heterogeneity in the metal‐cap‐protected samples increased with a decreased sample weight. Based on the obtained results, the 6 mm thick Lollipop sample with argon‐protection is recommended for determination of total oxygen content and oxide inclusion characteristics.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Interfacial Behavior in Three‐phase Argon‐Stirred Ladles with One Plug and Dual Plugs
Authors: Liu Heping , Qi Zhenya , Xu Mianguang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA numerical investigation is performed to describe the quasi‐steady fluid flow and interfacial behavior in a three‐phase argon gas‐stirred ladle with off‐centered bottom Ar injection through a plug and two plugs placed in 180° and 90°configurations, respectively. The flow of the fluid phase is solved in an Eulerian frame of reference together with the motion of every individually injected Ar bubble, tracked in its own Lagrangian frame. Volume of fluid (VOF) model is used to track any interface between two or more immiscible phases, which include slag/metal, slag/gas and metal/gas. The characteristics of fluid flow in a gas‐stirred ladle with one plug or two plugs configuration are described when the slag layer and the top gas are presented. The slag layer deformation and slag open‐eye formation at different Ar gas flow rates for three types of plug arrangements are given. The comparison of the mixing time, the deformation of slag layer and the behavior of slag/steel interface between one‐plug and two‐plug system is made. Several implications for ladle operational issues during a gas‐stirred ladle refining cycle are discussed. It is found that the proper selection of Ar gas flow rate and plug arrangements during a ladle refining cycle is required for different refining purposes considering the mixing and metallurgical reaction in a three‐phase ladle system.
Determining the Elasticity of Materials Employing Quantum‐mechanical Approaches: From the Electronic Ground State to the Limits of Materials Stability
Authors: Friák M. , Hickel T. , Körmann F. , Udyansky A. , Dick A. , von Pezold J. , Ma D. , Kim O. , Counts W.A. , Šob M. , Gebhardt T. , Music D. , Schneider J. , Raabe D. , Neugebauer J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractQuantum‐mechanical (so‐called ab initio) calculations have achieved considerable reliability in predicting physical and chemical properties and phenomena. Due to their reliability they are becoming increasingly useful when designing new alloys or revealing the origin of phenomena in existing materials, also because these calculations are able to accurately predict basic material properties without experimental input. Due to the universal validity of fundamental quantum mechanics, not only ground‐state properties, but also materials responses to external parameters can reliably be determined. The focus of the present paper is on ab initio approaches to the elasticity of materials. First, the methodology to determine single‐crystalline elastic constants and polycrystalline moduli of ordered compounds as well as disordered alloys is introduced. In a second part, the methodology is applied on α‐Fe, with a main focus on (i) investigating the influence of magnetism on its elasticity and phase stability and (ii) simulating extreme loading conditions that go up to the theoretical tensile strength limits and beyond.
Concise Review: Neutral Endopeptidase (CD10): A Multifaceted Environment Actor in Stem Cells, Physiological Mechanisms, and Cancer
Authors: Maguer-Satta Veronique , Besançon Roger , Bachelard-Cascales Elodie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCD10 is a remarkable member of the major class of widely expressed cell surface proteins, endopeptidases. First identified in leukemia as a tumor-specific antigen (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen), CD10 has become largely used in cancer diagnosis. However, its function in oncogenesis remains unclear. We previously identified CD10 as a tool to access sphere-forming cells and showed its involvement in mammary stem cell (SC) regulation. We further illustrated that its enzymatic activity is involved, through signaling peptides, in SC maintenance. Therefore, CD10 is not only a cell surface marker in normal and malignant contexts but also affects the extracellular environment and plays a key role in regulation of a number of biological functions and likely in SC. In tumors, the “niche” favors the survival of sheltered cancer SC whose eradication has become the new challenge in oncology. This highlights the importance of understanding the role of CD10 in cancer SC. We will review the characteristics, main functions, and mechanism of action of CD10. Finally, we will review its clinical use and involvement in cancer.
Concise Review: Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Separating Promise from Clinical Need
Authors: Locke Michelle , Feisst Vaughan , Dunbar P. Rod 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have become an increasing interest to both stem cell biologists and clinicians because of their potential to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and other mesenchymal lineages, as well as other clinically useful properties attributed to them, such as stimulation of angiogenesis and suppression of inflammation. ASCs have already been used in a number of clinical trials, and some successful outcomes have been reported, especially in tissue reconstruction. However, a critical review of the literature reveals considerable uncertainty about the true clinical potential of human ASC. First, the surgical needs that ASC might answer remain relatively few, given the current difficulties in scaling up ASC-based tissue engineering to a clinically useful volume. Second, the differentiation of ASC into cell lineages apart from adipocytes has not been conclusively demonstrated in many studies due to the use of rather simplistic approaches to the confirmation of differentiation, such as the use of nonspecific histological dyes, or a small number of molecular markers of uncertain significance. Third, the ASC prepared from human lipoaspirate for different studies differ in purity and molecular phenotype, with many studies using cell preparations that are likely to contain heterogeneous populations of cells, making it uncertain whether ASC themselves are responsible for effects observed. Hence, while one clinical application already looks convincing, the full clinical potential of ASC awaits much deeper investigation of their fundamental biology.
A Primer on a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Bioresource Bank Using the Cancer Genome Atlas Guidelines: Practical Issues and Pitfalls
Authors: Nguyen N. Thao T. , Cotton Ron T. , Harring Theresa R. , Guiteau Jacfranz J. , Gingras Marie‐Claude , Wheeler David A. , O’Mahony Christine A. , Gibbs Richard A. , Brunicardi F. Charles , Goss John A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundSince the advent of the human genome, the era of personalized genomic medicine is indisputably in progress.MethodsIn an effort to contribute to the evolving knowledge of genomic medicine, we have aimed directly at building a bioresource bank for hepatocellular carcinoma. This tumor bank is based on the rigorous guidelines set forth by the National Cancer Institute, and it offers analytes to help elucidate the mechanisms of progression from cirrhosis to malignancy, risk factors for recurrence, and applicability of current treatment options to a diverse group of people.ConclusionsSurgeons have a privileged position between patients (and their cancer) and the benches of basic science. Thus, we offer a primer based on our own experiences, from which surgeons may take elements to build their own bioresource bank for use in collaboration with others. We highlight some practicalities and pitfalls that could be overlooked, as well as a discussion of possible solutions.
Formation of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐(E)‐Nonenal in a Corn–Soy Oil Blend: a Controlled Heating Study Using a French Fried Potato Model
Authors: LaFond Sean I. , Jerrell John P. , Cadwallader Keith R. , Artz William E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe formation of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐(E)‐nonenal (HNE) in a corn–soy oil blend during frying was investigated. Frozen shoestring potatoes were fried once per hour at 180 °C for 8 h/day over a 4‐day period. As a control, oil was also heated under identical conditions, except that no product was fried. HNE was quantified by GC–MS using a stable isotope dilution assay with pentaflurobenzyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA) and trimethylsilyl 2,2,2‐trifluoro‐n‐(trimethylsilyl)acetimidate (BSTFA) derivatization. The HNE concentration in the potato fryers increased throughout the first day of frying. On subsequent days the daily maximum HNE concentration was reached after fresh oil was added and the fryer was brought to the frying temperature. The potato fryer oil reached a maximum concentration of 5.6 ppm during the second day of frying. Similarly, the HNE concentration of the oil in the control fryer increased throughout the first day of heating. On subsequent days the daily maximum HNE concentration varied throughout the experimental period. The control fryers reached a maximum concentration of 6.3 ppm at the end of the second day of heating. Throughout the experimental period there was a tendency for the oil in the control fryer to have a greater concentration of HNE than the oil in the potato fryer. Overall time of the experiment and heating with food versus heating without frying food and their interaction were significant in terms of HNE formation.
Contagion and repeat offending among urban juvenile delinquents
Authors: Mennis Jeremy , Harris Philip 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis research investigates the role of repeat offending and spatial contagion in juvenile delinquency recidivism using a database of 7166 male juvenile offenders sent to community‐based programs by the Family Court of Philadelphia. Results indicate evidence of repeat offending among juvenile delinquents, particularly for drug offenders. The likelihood of recidivism is influenced by ethnicity, parental criminality, and various measures of prior contact with the juvenile justice system. Spatial contagion, measured as the rate of recidivism for specific crime types among delinquents living nearby the juvenile's residence, was found to strongly influence the likelihood of recidivism. These results suggest that delinquent peer contagion is offense specific, and thus facilitates repeat offending, as well as neighborhood specialization, particularly for drug offenses.
Feline Blood Transfusions
Authors: Barfield Dominic , Adamantos Sophie 
Published: January 2011

Practical relevance Blood transfusions are a potentially life-saving procedure that are within the reach of most small animal practitioners. Only minimal equipment is required.Patient group Any cat with clinical signs attributable to a reduced red blood cell mass that is affecting oxygen transport (as a result of reduced packed cell volume or acute blood loss) is a potential candidate for a transfusion.Clinical challenges Although the principles of transfusion medicine are not complicated, there can be fatal consequences if certain steps are omitted.Diagnostics Blood typing kits and blood filters are readily available from veterinary wholesalers, laboratories and blood banking services.Evidence base Over the past three decades, a substantial body of clinical research and reports has built up covering feline blood types and transfusion medicine. This article draws on that research to provide clinical guidance aimed at all veterinarians in feline or small animal practice who either currently practise transfusion medicine or plan to do so.
Successful Surgical Management of a Perforating Oesophageal Foreign Body in a Cat
Authors: Cariou Matthieu P L , Lipscomb Victoria J 
Published: January 2011

Case presentation and surgical intervention A 3-year-old cat was presented with a recent history of dysphagia and intermittent regurgitation. Radiography revealed a bony oesophageal foreign body at the level of the thoracic inlet. Endoscopic retrieval was attempted but resulted in severe dyspnoea due to the development of pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to perforation of the oesophageal wall. Immediate surgical exploration was carried out. Extensive necrosis of the oesophagus resulting from the presence of the foreign body led to a decision to perform an oesophageal resection and anastomosis.Clinical relevance This is the first clinical report of a cat treated successfully by oesophagectomy following oesophageal perforation due to an obstructive foreign body. The authors suggest that prompt surgical intervention, the ability to convert to a surgical procedure under the same anaesthetic as a non-surgical retrieval, placement of a gastrostomy tube and the availability of advanced anaesthetic and critical care support are important factors to consider when managing feline patients with a perforating oesophageal foreign body.
Fighting Elections: Cross-Level Political Party Integration in Ontario
Authors: Esselment Anna Lennox 
Published: January 2011

Abstract.Conventional wisdom about the structure of political parties in Canada has emphasized their confederal nature. In other words (and the New Democratic party excepted), parties with identical partisan complexions at the federal and provincial levels are thought to operate in “two political worlds.” This paper argues that election campaigns are a key integrating link between parties. How they fight elections reveals extensive cross-level co-operation, particularly through shared activists (local party activists, party staff and party professionals) and technological expertise. This has the effect of shrinking the space between party cousins and forges unity between them. While there are certain obstacles to electoral collaboration, there are also incentives for these parties to work to maintain and strengthen their ties with their partisan cousin at the other level. These findings make an important contribution by directly challenging the notion that Canada's federal system has led to increasingly disentangled political parties.Résumé.L'opinion communément admise au sujet de la structure des partis politiques au Canada a mis l'accent sur leur nature confédérale. En d'autres termes (exception faite du Nouveau Parti démocratique), on considère en général que les partis à caractère partisan identique au palier fédéral et provincial fonctionnent dans «deux mondes politiques à part». Le présent article avance que les campagnes électorales constituent un facteur d'intégration clé entre les différents niveaux d'un parti. La façon dont un parti dispute une élection révèle un haut degré de coopération entre les organisations provinciales et fédérales, surtout du fait qu'ils partagent des militants communs (militants locaux, personnel politique et professionnels du parti) et leur expertise technologique. Ce phénomène tend à rétrécir l'espace entre cousins du même parti et à bâtir l'unité d'organisation entre les deux niveaux. Même s'il y a des obstacles inévitables à la collaboration électorale, les partis cousins ont de bonnes raisons de veiller à maintenir et à renforcer leurs liens réciproques. Ces conclusions apportent une contribution importante à l'étude des partis politiques, en contestant directement l'idée que le système fédéral au Canada a encouragé les partis politiques de même allégeance à mener leurs activités de manière indépendante.
Strategic Legitimacy Cultivation at the Supreme Court of Canada: QuebecSecession Referenceand Beyond
Authors: Radmilovic Vuk 
Published: January 2011

Abstract.While the last few decades have witnessed increased political significance of the Canadian Supreme Court, the Court has also managed to safeguard its institutional legitimacy as evident in the high degree of support it enjoys among the Canadian public. Indeed, how do the Supreme Court of Canada, and high courts everywhere, ensure the attainment and retention of institutional legitimacy? The paper develops an answer to this question by presenting a strategic theory of legitimacy cultivation. The theory is applied and tested in the context of the 1998Secession Referencecase. The paper sheds a new light on the case, shows that patterns of judicial strategic behaviour can provide important insights into how the Supreme Court acquires institutional legitimacy and points out the significance of extending the strategic approach to the study of the Canadian Supreme Court.Résumé.L'importance politique de la Cour suprême du Canada s'est accrue de manière notable au cours des dernières décennies. Malgré tout, la Cour a réussi à maintenir sa légitimité institutionnelle, comme en fait foi le niveau de soutien élevé pour la Cour que manifeste la population canadienne. Mais comment la Cour suprême du Canada, ainsi que les cours suprêmes ailleurs dans le monde, s'assurent-elles de développer et de maintenir leur légitimité institutionnelle? Cet article propose une réponse à cette question en présentant une théorie stratégique du développement de la légitimité. La théorie est appliquée et testée dans le contexte duRenvoi relatif à la sécession duQuébecde 1998. Cet article jette un regard différent sur cette décision en démontrant que certaines tendances dans le comportement judiciaire stratégique peuvent fournir des indices importants quant à l'acquisition de la légitimité institutionnelle. L'article souligne aussi l'importance d'étendre l'utilisation de l'approche stratégique à l'étude de la Cour suprême du Canada.