bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pea (Pisumsativum L.) Seeds as an Alternative Dietary Protein Source for Broilers: Influence on Fatty Acid Composition, Lipid and Protein Oxidation of Dark and White Meats
Authors: Laudadio V. , Tufarelli V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the production parameters, breast and leg muscle fatty acid composition and lipid and protein oxidative stability of broilers fed peas (Pisum sativum L.). The trial involved 120 birds (Hubbard strain) allotted to two groups: group I—control group, fed a basal diet containing soybean meal (195 g kg−1) as the main protein source; whereas group II—experimental group fed diet containing peas (400 g kg−1) as a substitute for conventional soybean. No significant differences were observed for body weight, feed intake or feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). The total lipids were lower (P < 0.05) in the breast and leg muscles of broilers fed peas. The content of total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher (P < 0.05) in the white and dark meat of birds fed the pea diet compared with soybean control diet. After 7 days of refrigerated storage, the levels of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and carbonyl proteins expressed as dinitrophenylhydrazine were similar (P > 0.05) in white and dark meat of chicks fed either diet. The data indicates that dietary pea inclusion does not cause detrimental changes in lipid and protein oxidation of poultry dark and white meats, suggesting the possibility of replacing soybean meal with peas.
“He cheated on me, I cheated on him back”: Mexican American and White adolescents’ perceptions of cheating in romantic relationships
Authors: Williams Lela Rankin , Hickle Kristine E. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTA qualitative approach was used to explore the meaning and perceptions of cheating in adolescent romantic relationships. Mexican American and White adolescents (N = 75; 53.3% girls; 56.1% Mexican American), separated by gender and ethnicity into 12 focus groups (three groups per type), discussed personal and peer experiences of cheating in dating relationships as both the victim and perpetrator. Dialogue was coded using inductive content analysis; two broader cheating themes encompassing six sub‐themes emerged 1) perceptions of cheating (individual‐oriented, peer‐oriented, and frequency of occurrence) and 2) consequences of cheating (commitment, emotional responses, and relationship outcomes). Mexican American girls spoke most frequently and strongly about cheating, followed by White girls. The meaning and contexts of cheating by ethnicity and gender has important implications for promoting healthy dating behavior during adolescence.
Antibodies targeting Cancer stem cells, A novel pattern in Immunotherapy
Authors: Alam Sarfaraz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAntibody targeting of cancer is showing clinical and commercial success after deep research and development over the last 3 decades. They have the great potential to deliver long-term cures but a shift in thinking towards a cancer stem cell (CSC) model for tumour development is certain to have an impact on how antibodies are selected and developed, the targets they bind to and the drugs used in combination with them. CSCs have been identified from many human tumours and share many of the characteristics of normal stem cells such as the ability to renew and metabolically or physically protect themselves from xenobiotic and DNA damage. Targeting CSCs could be a strategy to improve the outcome of cancer therapy. Monoclonal antibodies are clinically and commercially established which makes them great for therapeutic effect.The aim of this review is to examine the biology of cancer stem cells, consider the markers defining them and their survival, and at the same time describe the new antibody-focused strategies emerging to target them for more effective treatment of cancer.
FreePub: Collecting and Organizing Scienti*c Material Using Mindmaps
Authors: Dalamagas Theodore , Farmakakis Tryfon , Maragkakis Manolis , Hatzigeorgiou Artemis Hatzigeorgiou 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a creativity support tool, called FreePub,to collect and organize scientifi*c material using mindmaps. Mindmaps are visual, graph-based representations of concepts, ideas, notes, tasks, etc. They generally take a hierarchical or tree branch format, with ideas branching into their subsections. FreePub supports creativity cycles. A user starts such a cycle by setting up her domain of interest using mindmaps. Then, she can browse mindmaps and launch search tasks to gather relevant publications from several data sources. FreePub, besides publications, identifies helpful supporting material (e.g., blog posts, presentations). All retrieved information from FreePub can be imported and organized in mindmaps. FreePub has been fully implemented on top of FreeMind, a popular open-source, mindmapping tool.
Electron microscopy studies on the quaternary structure of p53 reveal different binding modes for p53 tetramers in complex with DNA
Authors: Melero Roberto , Rajagopalan Sridharan , Lázaro Melisa , Joerger Andreas C. , Brandt Tobias , Veprintsev Dmitry B. , Lasso Gorka , Gil David , Scheres Sjors H. W. , Carazo José María , Fersht Alan R. , Valle Mikel 
Published: December 2010

The multidomain homotetrameric tumor suppressor p53 has two modes of binding dsDNA that are thought to be responsible for scanning and recognizing specific response elements (REs). The C termini bind nonspecifically to dsDNA. The four DNA-binding domains (DBDs) bind REs that have two symmetric 10 base-pair sequences. p53 bound to a 20-bp RE has the DBDs enveloping the DNA, which is in the center of the molecule surrounded by linker sequences to the tetramerization domain (Tet). We investigated by electron microscopy structures of p53 bound to DNA sequences consisting of a 20-bp RE with either 12 or 20 bp nonspecific extensions on either end. We found a variety of structures that give clues to recognition and scanning mechanisms. The 44- and 60-bp sequences gave rise to three and four classes of structures, respectively. One was similar to the known 20-bp structure, but the DBDs in the other classes were loosely arranged and incompatible with specific DNA recognition. Some of the complexes had density consistent with the C termini extending from Tet to the DNA, adjacent to the DBDs. Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments detected the approach of the C termini towards the DBDs on addition of DNA. The structural data are consistent with p53 sliding along DNA via its C termini and the DNA-binding domains hopping on and off during searches for REs. The loose structures and posttranslational modifications account for the affinity of nonspecific DNA for p53 and point to a mechanism of enhancement of specificity by its binding to effector proteins.
Adhesion and delamination of interfaces
Authors: S J Bull  , L J Balk  
Published: December 2010

Thin films and coatings are used for a variety of purposes and their adhesion to the underlying substrate is essential in nearly all applications. Consequently, the need for reliable techniques to quantitatively measure adhesion is paramount. As coating systems become more complex, with, for instance, multilayered and graded architectures now commonplace in MEMS devices, there is a need to improve on existing techniques in order to assess the adhesion of the coating stack to the substrate, but also the delamination of individual interfaces within a coating stack. This requires methods to cause failure, to characterise the locus and extent of any interfacial disbond, and the models necessary to extract quantitative adhesion data from these observations. Similar challenges are faced in bulk composite materials where the adhesion between matrix and reinforcement phase or the delamination behaviour of interfaces between plies will dictate the overall mechanical response of the system
There has been considerable activity in devising ways to assess adhesion in the past few decades. In fact, a survey of the literature in 1995 indicated that over 350 different techniques were available ranging from the mundane to the very sophisticated. In spite of this proliferation of techniques there has often been considerable discord amongst people working in the area as to what exactly is being measured in an adhesion test and how reliable the quantification is. In reality, the reason that there are so many techniques is that no one technique is universally applicable, and the adhesion measurements obtained on the same system using different techniques are not always directly comparable. The best adhesion test method is often that which most closely matches the intended application and therefore it will depend on the conditions to which the coated material is exposed.
Given the plethora of available measurement and interpretation techniques and recent developments in techniques for characterisation of interfacial failure, we felt that it was timely to assemble a cluster of papers in the area showcasing the latest research and offering some insights in the selection of an appropriate adhesion test. The papers in this issue were solicited from major researchers in the area and represent a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art–we hope they will provide an excellent introduction to the topic for a more general audience.
Investigation of delamination mechanisms in polymer coatings by scanning acoustic microscopy
Authors: Alig I , Bargmann M , Oehler H , Lellinger D , Wanner M , Koch D 
Published: December 2010

Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) was used to investigate disbonding, delamination and blister formation in polymer coatings for different layer structures and initial defect depths during exposure to a corrosive environment. The time evolution of disbonding and blister initiation and their growth was investigated by analysing the SAM images, taken after defined times of exposure to an electrolyte solution (Harrison solution).
From investigations of a model system of coatings on steel substrates, it was possible to differentiate between water and/or ion transport (i) through the coating and (ii) along the coating–steel interface. For samples without clear coat randomly distributed blisters appeared at the coating–steel interface after exposure to the electrolyte solution, irrespective of the location of initial defects. The random distribution of growing blisters is related to diffusion of water and/or ions through the coating and ‘nucleation’ at weak points of the substrate or within the polymer. For samples with clear coat a propagating migration front along the coating–steel interface of 3–4 µm height—starting from initial defects—was detected. The linear propagation of this front cannot be explained by Fickian diffusion. Therefore, it is discussed in terms of an accelerated diffusion or crack growth kinetics. Since blistering starts only at sites, where the migration front has passed, the presence of a thin water layer at the coating–steel interface, the loss of adhesion and the following corrosive processes are prerequisites for the nucleation of blisters. The blister growth shows a square-root time dependence.
In-situ study of molecular dynamics in a water environment by using imaging ellipsometry
Authors: Hwang Soon Yong , Kim Tae Jung , Diware Mangesh S , Kim Young Dong 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We report on the dynamics of bio molecules and a high polymer in a water environment by using imaging ellipsometry (IE). The morphology of collapsed films of arachidic acid (AA) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) Langmuir monolayers in a liquid solution is investigated. The IE images clearly show that the multilayer domains and thickness of the collapsed region change sensitively depending on Langmuir compression. Also, the adsorption of bovine serum albumin is observed by using total internal reflection resonance IE (TIRIE), which has the advantage of IE and surface plasmon resonance. We believe that IE is a powerful technique for analysis and applications of bio materials.
The response of shrimp fisheries to climate variability off Baja California, México
Authors: Santamaría-del-Ángel Eduardo , Millán-Núñez Roberto , González-Silvera Adriana , Callejas-Jiménez Mariana , Cajal-Medrano Ramón , Galindo-Bect Manuel S. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Santamaría-del-Ángel, E., Millán-Núñez, R., González-Silvera, A., Callejas-Jiménez, M., Cajal-Medrano, R., and Galindo-Bect, M. S. 2011. The response of shrimp fisheries to climate variability off Baja California, México. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 766–772. The effect of climate variability on the shrimp fishery in the upper Gulf of California and the west coast of southern Baja California was investigated using artisanal and industrial catches of blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) and brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus californiensis). Catch data were compared with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and remotely sensed environmental parameters, including sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a, coloured dissolved organic matter, and particulate organic carbon (Rrs412 and Rrs490). Overall, temperature was the best environmental indicator of commercial shrimp catches. Catches of blue shrimp varied directly and of brown shrimp indirectly with the SOI in their dominant areas, suggesting that the two species are influenced by El Niño conditions in different ways.
Preoperative Cerebral Oxygen Saturation and Clinical Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Heringlake Matthias , Garbers Christof , Käbler Jan-Hendrik , Anderson Ingrid , Heinze Hermann , Schön Julika , Berger Klaus-Ulrich , Dibbelt Leif , Sievers Hans-Hinrich , Hanke Thorsten 
Published: December 2010

Background
The current study was designed to determine the relation between preoperative cerebral oxygen saturation (Sco2), variables of cardiopulmonary function, mortality, and morbidity in a heterogeneous cohort of cardiac surgery patients.

Methods
In this study, 1,178 consecutive patients scheduled for on-pump surgery were prospectively studied. Preoperative Sco2, demographics, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitive troponin T, clinical outcomes, and 30-day and 1-yr mortality were recorded.

Results
Median additive EuroSCORE was 5 (range: 0-19). Thirty-day and 1-yr mortality and major morbidity (at least two major complications and/or a high-dependency unit stay of at least 10 days) were 3.5%, 7.7%, and 13.3%, respectively. Median minimal preoperative oxygen supplemented Sco2 (Sco2min-ox) was 64% (range: 15-92%). Sco2min-ox was correlated (all: P value <0.0001) with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (ρ: -0.35), high-sensitive troponin T (ρ: -0.28), hematocrit (ρ: 0.34), glomerular filtration rate (ρ: 0.19), EuroSCORE (τ: 0.20), and left ventricular ejection fraction class (τ: 0.12). Thirty-day nonsurvivors had a lower Sco2min-ox than survivors (median 58% [95% CI, 50.7-62%] vs. 64% [95% CI, 64-65%]; P < 0.0001). Receiver-operating curve analysis of Sco2min-ox and 30-day mortality revealed an area-under-the-curve of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.68-0.73%; P < 0.0001) in the total cohort and an area-under-the-curve of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.69-0.86%; P < 0.0001) in patients with a EuroSCORE more than 10. Logistic regression based on different EuroSCORE categories (0-2; 3-5, 6-10, >10), Sco2min-ox, and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass showed that a Sco2min-ox equal or less than 50% is an independent risk factor for 30-day and 1-yr mortality.

Conclusions
Preoperative Sco2 levels are reflective of the severity of cardiopulmonary dysfunction, associated with short- and long-term mortality and morbidity, and may add to preoperative risk stratification in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
High Incidence of Burnout in Academic Chairpersons of Anesthesiology
Authors: De Oliveira Gildàsio S. , Ahmad Shireen , Stock M. Christine , Harter Ronald L. , Almeida Marcela D. , Fitzgerald Paul C. , McCarthy Robert J. 
Published: December 2010

Background
Burnout is a work-related psychologic syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment, and depersonalization.

Methods
By using an instrument that included the MBI-HHS Burnout Inventory, we surveyed academic anesthesiology chairpersons in the United States. Current level of job satisfaction compared with 1 and 5 yr before the survey, likelihood of stepping down as chair in the next 2 yr, and a high risk of burnout were the primary outcomes.

Results
Of the 117 chairs surveyed, 102 (87%) responded. Nine surveys had insufficient responses for assessment of burnout. Of 93 chairs, 32 (34%) reported high current job satisfaction, which represented a significant decline compared with that reported for 1 yr (P = 0.009) and 5 yr (P = 0.001) before the survey. Of 93 chairs, 26 (28%) reported extreme likelihood of stepping down as a chair in 1-2 yr. There was no association of age (P = 0.16), sex (P = 0.82), or self-reported effectiveness (P = 0.63) with anticipated likelihood of stepping down, but there was a negative association between the modified efficacy scale scoρrgr; = -0.303, P = 0.003) and likelihood of stepping down. Of 93 chairs, 26 (28%) met the criteria for high burnout and an additional 29 (31%) met the criteria for moderately high burnout. Decreased current job satisfaction and low self-reported spousal/significant other support were independent predictors of high burnout risk.

Conclusion
Fifty-one percent of academic anesthesiology chairs exhibit a high incidence/risk of burnout. Age, sex, time as a chair, hours worked, and perceived effectiveness were not associated with high burnout; however, low job satisfaction and reduced self-reported spousal/significant other support significantly increased the risk.
Hyperglycaemia and cerebral oedema in a patient with a meningioma receiving dexamethasone
Authors: Ramessur S. , Dinsmore J. , Zoumprouli A. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryDexamethasone is prescribed routinely to reduce cerebral oedema in neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy for tumour and is used increasingly as an anti‐emetic. Dexamethasone, however, has been shown to cause hyperglycaemia. We describe a case of hyperglycaemic crisis, cerebral oedema and death secondary to dexamethasone in a patient with a frontal meningioma. We highlight the risks of peri‐operative dexamethasone and discuss the diagnosis, treatment and complications of hyperglycaemic crises and cerebral oedema.
Evaluation of sulfonamide detoxification pathways in haematologic malignancy patients prior to intermittent trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis
Authors: Abouraya Mahmoud , Sacco James C. , Kahl Brad S. , Trepanier Lauren A. 
Published: December 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Previously, it was reported that patients with haematologic malignancies on daily trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis appeared to have a higher risk of sulfonamide hypersensitivity compared with the general population. However, the mechanisms for this apparent higher risk have not been explored. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This paper provides the first prospective evaluation of antioxidant and reduction detoxification pathways in patients with haematologic malignancies prior to sulfonamide prophylaxis.• It also provides the first prospective evaluation of sulfonamide hypersensitivity, including the development of drug‐specific T cells, in patients started on intermittent trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis.• Our findings suggest that defects in the reduction of sulfonamide metabolites are not common in patients with haematologic malignancies, and further, that the incidence of skin rash and the development of drug‐specific T cells appears to be low in patients on intermittent, rather than daily, sulfonamide prophylaxis.AIMS Patients with haematologic malignancies have a reportedly high incidence of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) hypersensitivity. The objective of this study was to determine whether deficiencies in sulfonamide detoxification pathways, to include glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AA), and cytochrome b5 (b5) and cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R), were prevalent in these patients. A secondary pilot objective was to determine whether the incidence of drug hypersensitivity following intermittent trimethoprim‐SMX (TMP‐SMX) prophylaxis approached that reported for high dose daily regimens.METHODS Forty adult patients with haematologic malignancies (HM) and 35 healthy adults were studied; an additional 13 HM patients taking ascorbate supplements (HM‐AA) were also evaluated. Twenty‐two of 40 HM patients were prescribed and were compliant with TMP‐SMX 960 mg three to four times weekly.RESULTS There were no significant differences between HM and healthy groups in plasma AA (median 37.2 µmvs. 33.9 µm) or red blood cell GSH (1.9 mmvs. 1.8 mm). However, plasma AA was correlated significantly with leucocyte b5/b5R reduction (r= 0.39, P= 0.002). Deficient b5/b5R activities were not found in HM patients. In fact, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or myeloma had significantly higher median activities (80.7 µmol mg–1 min−1) than controls (18.9 µmol mg–1 min−1, P= 0.008). After 3–4 weeks of treatment, no patients developed SMX‐specific T cells and only one patient developed rash.CONCLUSIONS Deficiencies of blood antioxidants and b5/b5R reduction were not found in this population with haematologic malignancies, and the development of skin rash and drug‐specific T cells appeared to be uncommon with intermittent TMP‐SMX prophylaxis.
Understanding dispersal rates of invading weed biocontrol agents
Authors: Paynter Quentin , Bellgard Stan 
Published: December 2010

Summary1. Classical weed biological control programmes aim to rapidly establish biocontrol agent populations throughout the range of a weed. Release strategies, however, may often be suboptimal because the natural dispersal ability of a new agent is rarely known, potentially resulting in unnecessarily intensive release programmes for fast‐dispersing agents or inadequate release programmes for slowly dispersing agents.2. We reviewed published dispersal data for 66 arthropod and 11 fungal pathogen weed biocontrol agents. We tested hypotheses regarding agent characteristics that were predicted to affect dispersal and whether agents that dispersed rapidly were more successful than those which dispersed more slowly.3. Dispersal rates varied by four orders of magnitude: the fastest agents dispersed several hundred kilometres per year and the slowest by only tens of metres per year. Approximately 30% of arthropod agents and four of 11 pathogen agents dispersed <1 km year−1, indicating that intensive redistribution is often required for rapid widespread establishment. Successful agents were equally likely to be fast or slow dispersers indicating that effort made redistributing slowly dispersing agents can often be beneficial.4. Both pathogen and arthropod dispersal rates were positively correlated with voltinism. Arthropod dispersal also significantly varied according to fecundity, dispersal type (crawling or passive wind dispersal vs. flight); taxon, life‐style, habitat and the diversity of parasitoids attacking the agent in the native range.5. We developed dispersal models which explained up to 73% of the variance in arthropod agent dispersal rates and we validated these models by using them to predict the rate that invasive arthropod herbivores should invade.6. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that knowledge of a few parameters (agent voltinism, parasitoid diversity in the native range, habitat, fecundity, taxon and life‐style category), prior to introduction of a biocontrol agent, could be used to predict how fast it is likely to invade a new environment. This should assist optimization of release strategies by determining the geographic scale at which to release agents, according to the agents’ ability to rapidly close the gaps by natural dispersal.