bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous application of 5-NGS increased osmotic stress resistance by improving leaf photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant capacity in maize
Authors: Yang Deguang , Gao Zhifeng , Liu Yuqi , Li Qiao , Yang Jingjing , Wang Yanbo , Wang Meiyu , Xie Tenglong , Zhang Meng , Sun Hao 
Published: May 2024

Background
Drought is a critical limiting factor affecting the growth and development of spring maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings in northeastern China. Sodium 5-nitroguaiacol (5-NGS) has been found to enhance plant cell metabolism and promote seedling growth, which may increase drought tolerance.

Methods
In the present study, we investigated the response of maize seedlings to foliar application of a 5-NGS solution under osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). Four treatment groups were established: foliar application of distilled water (CK), foliar application of 5-NGS (NS), osmotic stress + foliar application of distilled water (D), and osmotic stress + foliar application of 5-NGS (DN). Plant characteristics including growth and photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities under the four treatments were evaluated.

Results
The results showed that under osmotic stress, the growth of maize seedlings was inhibited, and both the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities were weakened. Additionally, there were significant increases in the proline and soluble sugar contents and a decrease in seedling relative water content (RWC). However, applying 5-NGS alleviated the impact of osmotic stress on maize seedling growth parameters, particularly the belowground biomass, with a dry mass change of less than 5% and increased relative water content (RWC). Moreover, treatment with 5-NGS mitigated the inhibition of photosynthesis caused by osmotic stress by restoring the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) through an increase in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic electron transport, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the aboveground parts recovered, resulting in an approximately 25% decrease in both malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. Remarkably, the activity of enzymes in the underground parts exhibited more significant changes, with the contents of MDA and H2O2 decreasing by more than 50%. Finally, 5-NGS stimulated the dual roles of soluble sugars as osmoprotectants and energy sources for metabolism under osmotic stress, and the proline content increased by more than 30%. We found that 5-NGS played a role in the accumulation of photosynthates and the effective distribution of resources in maize seedlings.

Conclusions
Based on these results, we determined that foliar application of 5-NGS may improve osmotic stress tolerance in maize seedlings. This study serves as a valuable reference for increasing maize yield under drought conditions.
Vorschlag für die Entwicklung eines praxistauglichen Hauptversammlungsformats in hybrider Form
Authors: Merkner Andreas , Schulenburg Friedrich 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Nachdem das virtuelle Hauptversammlungsformat nach Auslaufen des COVID-Regimes Einzug in das reguläre Aktienrecht gehalten und in der Hauptversammlungssaison 2023 seinen Praxistest bestanden hat, wird von Seiten der Aktionäre immer wieder die Forderung erhoben, dass sich die Gesellschaften für ein hybrides Modell entscheiden. Die Gesellschaften sind dieser Forderung bislang nicht nachgekommen, da sich die nach aktueller Rechtslage mögliche Präsenzversammlung mit Online-Teilnahme in der Praxis aus verschiedenen Gründen als untaugliches Format erwiesen hat. Vor diesem Hintergrund unternimmt es der vorliegende Beitrag, einen Gesetzesvorschlag für ein - praxistaugliches - Hybrid-Format zu entwickeln, das seinen Ausgangspunkt bei der virtuellen Hauptversammlung nimmt und diese für eine Präsenz ausgewählter Aktionäre vor Ort öffnet.
Überlegungen zum Täterkreis von § 75a Abs. 1 IfSG — Zugleich Besprechung von BGH v. 18.10.2023 – 1 StR 146/23, GesR 2024, 325 (in diesem Heft)
Authors: Krüger Matthias , Sy Yero 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Im Herbst 2023 meinte der 1. Strafsenat am BGH, dass die vom Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG) erfassten Manipulationen an digitalen Impfzertifikaten nicht bloß von bestimmten Tätern als sog. Sonderdelikte begangen werden können, sondern als sog. Allgemeindelikte von jedermann. Wenngleich er sich auf einen Vorläufer von § 75a Abs. 1 IfSG bezog, ist sein Beschluss nicht bloß rechtshistorisch interessant. Vielmehr stellt sich die Frage ebenso für die aktuelle Tatbestandsfassung. Dabei sprechen, um das Ergebnis der Überlegungen vorwegzunehmen, die besseren Gründe dafür, dem Senat zu widersprechen.
Geschäftliche Oberleitung: Mehrere (potentielle) Mittelpunkte dergeschäftlichen Oberleitung gem. § 10 AO
Authors: Puls Michael , Schaffer Max , Steiner Natalie , Ullmann Robert 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Bestimmung des Ortes der Geschäftsleitung gem. § 10 AO, und mithin des Mittelpunktes der geschäftlichen Oberleitung, ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die zutreffende steuerliche Würdigung grenzüberschreitender Sachverhalte. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit Fällen mehrerer (potentieller) Mittelpunkte der geschäftlichen Oberleitung.
Streit um gemeinsame Haustiere zwischen getrenntlebenden Ehegatten (zu AG Marburg MDR 2024, 507)
Authors: Paefgen Walter G. 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
In der Regel ist die Trennung eines Paares auch mit der Aufteilung gemeinsamer Anschaffungen verbunden. Dabei spielen die gemeinsamen Haustiere, zu denen meist beide Partner im Laufe der Zeit eine emotionale Bindung entwickelt haben, eine besondere Rolle. Der folgende Beitrag nimmt eine aktuelle Entscheidung des AG Marburg v. 3.11.2023 - 74 F 809/23 WH, MDR 2024, 507 zum Anlass, die rechtlichen Hintergründe und verschiedenen Aspekte, die für die Entscheidung über die vorläufige gerichtliche Zuweisung eines Haustieres, in casu eines Hundes, ausschlaggebend sind, näher zu beleuchten und auf die Möglichkeit der vorsorglichen Regelung des Umgangs mit dem Tier in einer bereits im Vorfeld der Eheschließung getroffenen Vereinbarung einzugehen.
Die Ersatzeinreichung gerichtlicher Schriftsätze nach § 130d Satz 2 ZPO
Authors: Schwenker Hans Christian 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Seit dem 1.1.2022 besteht für Rechtsanwälte grundsätzlich die in § 130d Satz 1 ZPO normierte Pflicht, vorbereitende Schriftsätze und deren Anlagen sowie schriftlich einzureichende Anträge und Erklärungen als elektronische Dokumente über das besondere elektronische Anwaltspostfach (beA) zu übermitteln. Das Problem, dass es dabei zu technischen Schwierigkeiten kommen kann, hat der Gesetzgeber gesehen und für diese Fälle die Möglichkeit der Ersatzeinreichung nach § 130d Satz 2 ZPO vorgesehen. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Anforderungen, die an eine wirksame Ersatzeinreichung zu stellen sind und soll dem Rechtsanwender so den sicheren Umgang mit technischen Störungen bei beA erleichtern.
Thermo‐Switchable Materials Prepared Using the OEGMA‐Platform
Authors: Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe describe here the advantages of oligo(ethylene glycol)‐based (co)polymers for preparing thermoresponsive materials as diverse as polymer‐enzyme bio‐hybrids, injectable hydrogels, capsules for drug‐release, modified magnetic particles for in vivo utilization, cell‐culture substrates, antibacterial surfaces, or stationary phases for bioseparation. Oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates (OEGMAs) can be (co)polymerized using versatile and widely‐applicable methods of polymerization such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Thus, the molecular structure and therefore the stimuli‐responsive properties of these polymers can be precisely controlled. Moreover, these stimuli‐responsive macromolecules can be easily attached to–or directly grown from–organic, inorganic or biological materials. As a consequence, the OEGMA synthetic platform is today a popular option for materials design. The present research news summaries the progress of the last two years.
The Effect of Hole Transport Material Pore Filling on Photovoltaic Performance in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Melas‐Kyriazi John , Ding I‐Kang , Marchioro Arianna , Punzi Angela , Hardin Brian E. , Burkhard George F. , Tétreault Nicolas , Grätzel Michael , Moser Jacques‐E. , McGehee Michael D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA detailed investigation of the effect of hole transport material (HTM) pore filling on the photovoltaic performance of solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (ss‐DSCs) and the specific mechanisms involved is reported. It is demonstrated that the efficiency and photovoltaic characteristics of ss‐DSCs improve with the pore filling fraction (PFF) of the HTM, 2,2’,7,7’‐tetrakis‐(N, N ‐di‐ p ‐methoxyphenylamine)9,9’‐spirobifluorene(spiro‐OMeTAD). The mechanisms through which the improvement of photovoltaic characteristics takes place were studied with transient absorption spectroscopy and transient photovoltage/photocurrent measurements. It is shown that as the spiro‐OMeTAD PFF is increased from 26% to 65%, there is a higher hole injection efficiency from dye cations to spiro‐OMeTAD because more dye molecules are covered with spiro‐OMeTAD, an order‐of‐magnitude slower recombination rate because holes can diffuse further away from the dye/HTM interface, and a 50% higher ambipolar diffusion coefficient due to an improved percolation network. Device simulations predict that if 100% PFF could be achieved for thicker devices, the efficiency of ss‐DSCs using a conventional ruthenium‐dye would increase by 25% beyond its current value.
Validation of a sensitive LC/MS/MS method for the determination of zidovudine and lamivudine in human plasma
Authors: Rower Joseph E. , Klein Brandon , Bushman Lane R. , Anderson Peter L. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA sensitive LC/MS/MS assay for determining zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC) in human plasma was validated to support antiretroviral pharmacology research programs. After addition of stable labeled isotopic zidovudine (ZDV‐IS) and lamivudine (3TC‐IS) as internal standard, a solid‐phase extraction was performed with an Oasis HLB 1 cm3 cartridge, with recoveries of 92.3% for ZDV and 93.9% for 3TC. A Phenomonex Synergi Hydro‐RP (2.0 × 150 mm) reversed‐phase analytical column was utilized for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase consisted of an aqueous solution of 15% acetonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid. Detection was accomplished by ESI/MS/MS in the positive ion mode, monitoring 268/127, 271/130, 230/112 and 233/115 transitions, for ZDV, ZDV‐IS, 3TC and 3TC‐IS, respectively. The method was linear from 1 to 3000 ng/mL with a minimum quantifiable limit of 1 ng/mL when 100 μL of plasma was analyzed. Validation results demonstrated high accuracy (≤8.3% deviation) and high precision (≤10% CV) for the quality control samples. The method was also shown to be specific and reproducible. The value of the high sensitivity was demonstrated by quantitation of approximately 100 existing samples that had ZDV below the limit of quantitation using a previously validated, less sensitive HPLC‐UV method utilized in the laboratory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolomics applied to urine samples in childhood asthma; differentiation between asthma phenotypes and identification of relevant metabolites
Authors: Mattarucchi Elia , Baraldi Eugenio , Guillou Claude 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAsthma is a heterogeneous disorder and one of the most common chronic childhood diseases. An improved characterization of asthma phenotypes would be invaluable for the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and the correct treatment of this disease. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the potential of metabolomics applied to urine samples in characterizing asthma, and to identify the most representative metabolites. Urine samples of 41 atopic asthmatic children (further subdivided in sub‐groups according to the symptoms) and 12 age‐matched controls were analyzed. Untargeted metabolic profiles were collected by LC‐MS, and studied by multivariate analysis. The group of the asthmatics was differentiated by a model that proved to be uncorrelated with the chronic assumption of controller drugs on the part of the patients. The distinct sub‐groups were also appropriately modeled. Further investigations revealed a reduced excretion of urocanic acid, methyl‐imidazoleacetic acid and a metabolite resembling the structure of an Ile–Pro fragment in the asthmatics. The meaning of these findings was discussed and mainly correlated with the modulation of immunity in asthma. Metabolic profiles from urines have revealed the potential to characterize asthma and enabled the identification of metabolites that may have a role in the underlying inflammation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phototriggering Electron Flow through ReI‐modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurins
Authors: Blanco‐Rodríguez Ana María , Di Bilio Angel J. , Shih Crystal , Museth Anna Katrine , Clark Ian P. , Towrie Michael , Cannizzo Andrea , Sudhamsu Jawahar , Crane Brian R. , Sýkora Jan , Winkler Jay R. , Gray Harry B. , Záliš Stanislav , Vlček Antonín 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe [ReI(CO)3(4,7‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline)(histidine‐124)(tryptophan‐122)] complex, denoted [ReI(dmp)(W122)], of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin behaves as a single photoactive unit that triggers very fast electron transfer (ET) from a distant (2 nm) CuI center in the protein. Analysis of time‐resolved (ps–μs) IR spectroscopic and kinetics data collected on [ReI(dmp)(W122)AzM] (in which M=ZnII, CuII, CuI; Az=azurin) and position‐122 tyrosine (Y), phenylalanine (F), and lysine (K) mutants, together with excited‐state DFT/time‐dependent (TD)DFT calculations and X‐ray structural characterization, reveal the character, energetics, and dynamics of the relevant electronic states of the [ReI(dmp)(W122)] unit and a cascade of photoinduced ET and relaxation steps in the corresponding Re–azurins. Optical population of [ReI(imidazole‐H124)(CO)3]→dmp 1CT states (CT=charge transfer) is followed by around 110 fs intersystem crossing and about 600 ps structural relaxation to a 3CT state. The IR spectrum indicates a mixed ReI(CO)3,A→dmp/π→π*(dmp) character for aromatic amino acids A122 (A=W, Y, F) and ReI(CO)3→dmp metal–ligand charge transfer (MLCT) for [ReI(dmp)(K122)AzCuII]. In a few ns, the 3CT state of [ReI(dmp)(W122)AzM] establishes an equilibrium with the [ReI(dmp.−)(W122.+)AzM] charge‐separated state, 3CS, whereas the 3CT state of the other Y, F, and K122 proteins decays to the ground state. In addition to this main pathway, 3CS is populated by fs‐ and ps‐W(indole)→ReII ET from 1CT and the initially “hot” 3CT states, respectively. The 3CS state undergoes a tens‐of‐ns dmp.−→W122.+ ET recombination leading to the ground state or, in the case of the CuI azurin, a competitively fast (≈30 ns over 1.12 nm) CuI→W.+ ET, to give [ReI(dmp.−)(W122)AzCuII]. The overall photoinduced CuI→Re(dmp) ET through [ReI(dmp)(W122)AzCuI] occurs over a 2 nm distance in <50 ns after excitation, with the intervening fast 3CT–3CS equilibrium being the principal accelerating factor. No reaction was observed for the three Y, F, and K122 analogues. Although the presence of [Re(dmp)(W122)AzCuII] oligomers in solution was documented by mass spectrometry and phosphorescence anisotropy, the kinetics data do not indicate any significant interference from the intermolecular ET steps. The ground‐state dmp–indole π–π interaction together with well‐matched W/W.+ and excited‐state [ReII(CO)3(dmp.−)]/[ReI(CO)3(dmp.−)] potentials that result in very rapid electron interchange and 3CT–3CS energetic proximity, are the main factors responsible for the unique ET behavior of [ReI(dmp)(W122)]‐containing azurins.
Carbon dioxide blanketing impedes the formation of 4‐hydroxynonenal and acrylamide during frying. A novel procedure for HNE quantification
Authors: Aladedunye Felix A. , Matthäus Bertrand , Przybylski Roman 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAcrylamide and 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE) are among the most detrimental compounds formed during high temperature processing of food. The effect of carbon dioxide blanketing (CDB) on the formation and accumulation in food of these compounds during deep‐fat frying was investigated. French fries were fried for 7 h daily and for 7 days in canola oil at 185 ± 5°C without and with CO2 protection. The amount of acrylamide and HNE accumulated in the French fries were analyzed. Compared to standard frying conditions (SFC), frying under CDB reduced the amount of HNE by 62%. On the 3rd day of frying, the amount of acrylamide in fries fried under SFC was 3.3 times higher compared to frying with CO2 protection. Frying with carbon dioxide protection is an effective and practical way to impede formation of toxic components during deep‐fat frying. To assess formation of HNE a simple, sensitive and reliable procedure for HNE analysis in frying oils and fried products was developed and evaluated.Practical applications: The toxicity of HNE and acrylamide, coupled with the increasing consumption of fried foods necessitates that measures be taken to reduce their formation and subsequent accumulation in fried foods. The frying method proposed in this study is very effective and requires only a simple modification to the fryer. Developed rapid and simple procedure for HNE analysis allows more accurate quantification.
Catalyst‐Free Strecker Reaction in Water: A Simple and Efficient Protocol Using Acetone Cyanohydrin as Cyanide Source
Authors: Galletti Paola , Pori Matteo , Giacomini Daria 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA simple, convenient, and practical method for the synthesis of α‐amino nitriles through a one‐pot, three‐component Strecker reaction of a carbonyl compound, amine, and acetone cyanohydrin in water has been developed. Reactions proceed very efficiently without any catalyst at room temperature with high chemoselectivity and give, in some cases, the expected α‐amino nitrile pure after direct separation from water. The protocol is particularly efficient for both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, and cyclic ketones, in combination with primary and secondary amines. An unusual application of the Strecker reaction to 1,2‐diamines to obtain 1,2‐diamino nitriles, and to cyclic secondary amines is reported.
Experimental investigation of chemical oxygen demand and turbidity removal from cardboard paper mill effluents using combined electrocoagulation and adsorption processes
Authors: Bellebia Sohbi , Kacha Smail , Bouyakoub Amel Z. , derriche Zoubir 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity from cardboard paper mill effluents was experimentally investigated using aluminum and iron electrodes followed by adsorption of treated wastewater on granular activated carbon (GAC). The effects of electrolyse time, current density, initial pH, adsorption time, stirring, and granular activated carbon (GAC) amount were studied. For electrolyses, the maximum removal efficiencies of COD and turbidity under optimal operating conditions i.e. pH = 5.29 for Al electrode and pH = 7.21 for Fe electrode, with a current density of 4.41 mA/cm2 and operating time of 10 min were 75.37% and 99.93% for Al electrode and 78.76% and 99.92% for Fe electrode, respectively. For electrocoagulation (EC) and adsorption process under operating conditions i.e. pH = 3.21 at 300 rpm with contact time of 120 min for Al electrode and 180 min for Fe electrode, the maximum removal efficiencies of COD were 98.97% and 93.37%, respectively. The results obtained show good adsorption efficiency and short contact time obtained after Al‐EC due to interference from color of dissolved iron. The present study proves the effectiveness of electrocoagulation/adsorption process for the highly concentrated organic pollutants present in paper mill effluents. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
Anterior craniofacial resection for malignant paranasal tumors: A monoinstitutional experience of 366 cases
Authors: Cantu Giulio , Solero Carlo L. , Miceli Rosalba , Mattana Flavia , Riccio Stefano , Colombo Sarah , Pompilio Madia , Lombardo Giuseppe , Formillo Paolo , Quattrone Pasquale 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a mono‐institutional series of patients treated with anterior craniofacial resection for malignant paranasal sinus tumors.MethodsWe analyzed all patients with malignant paranasal sinus tumors treated with anterior craniofacial resection at our institution between 1987 and 2007. All tumors were classified according to both the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)‐2002 and the Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT) classifications.ResultsThe sample included 366 patients. There was intraorbital spread in 108 cases. The skull base was eroded in 127 patients, with dura or brain involvement in 93 patients. The 10‐year disease‐specific survival was 53.1%. Histologic subtype, INT stage, surgical margins, and postsurgical radiotherapy were significant, independent predictors for both local relapse and disease‐specific survival (DSS). The AJCC‐2002 classification was not significant when tested in place of INT stage.ConclusionOur data indicated that craniofacial resection and postsurgical radiotherapy remain the primary option for malignant tumors involving the anterior skull base. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal carcinoma and its impact on patient‐reported quality of life and function
Authors: Leonhardt Fernando Danelon , Quon Harry , Abrahão Marcio , O'Malley Bert W. , Weinstein Gregory S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after transoral robotic surgery (TORS).MethodsShort Form (SF)‐8 and Performance Status Scale (PSS) questionnaires were completed prior to surgery, 6 and 12 months of follow‐up.ResultsIn all, 38 patients treated with TORS followed by adjuvant therapy as indicated were prospectively enrolled. For PSS Eating and Diet domains, significant decreases occurred at 6 months (p ≤ .001 and p ≤ .001, respectively) but not at 12 months. Significant declines in PSS Speech were seen at 6 and 12 months (p ≤ .001 and p ≤ .001). There were no significant declines in the SF‐8 domains, except for Bodily Pain and Global Health (6 months). Significantly higher PSS Eating and Diet scores were seen at 6 months for TORS alone compared with TORS and chemoradiation.ConclusionsCombination TORS and adjuvant therapy caused a temporary decrease in several domains at 6 months, returning to baseline including swallowing function in all patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012