bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitumor effects of a recombinant pseudotype baculovirus expressing Apoptin in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Pan Yongfei , Fang Liurong , Fan Huiying , Luo Rui , Zhao Qian , Chen Huanchun , Xiao Shaobo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractApoptin, a chicken anemia virus‐derived, p53‐independent, bcl‐2‐insenstive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis in tumor or transformed cells, is a promising tool for cancer gene therapy. In this study, pseudotype baculovirus, a recently developed alternative gene delivery system, was used as a vector to express Apoptin. The resultant recombinant baculovirus (BV‐Apoptin) efficiently expressed the Apoptin protein and induced apoptosis in HepG2 and H22 cells. Studies in vivo showed that intratumoral injection of BV‐Apoptin into a xenogeneic tumor (derived from H22 murine hepatoma cells in C57BL/6 mice) significantly suppressed tumor growth, and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor‐bearing mice compared to a control pseudotype baculovirus that expressed EGFP. Taken together, these results suggest that Apoptin, expressed from the pseudotype baculovirus vector, has the potential to become a therapeutic agent for the treatment of solid tumors.
Distinct mechanisms are utilized to induce stress sensorgadd45bby different stress stimuli
Authors: Zumbrun Steven D. , Hoffman Barbara , Liebermann Dan A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe GADD45 family of proteins consists of three small proteins, GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G, implicated in modulating the cellular response to genotoxic/physiological stressors. Despite similarities in sequence, structure and function, each gadd45 gene is induced differentially by different stress stimuli. Studies on stress‐mediated induction of the gadd45 genes have predominantly focused on gadd45a, with knowledge of gadd45b and gadd45g regulation lacking. To generate a more complete understanding of the regulation of gadd45 genes, a comprehensive analysis of stress‐mediated induction of human gadd45b has been carried out using human RKO colorectal carcinoma cells as a model system. Novel data indicate that gadd45b induction in RKO cells is regulated by distinct mechanisms in a stress‐specific manner. Methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), a DNA alkylating agent, induces gadd45b transcription through a cohort of both constitutive and inducible bound factors, including NFY, Sp1 and Egr1. In contrast, in a hyperosmotic environment generated with sorbitol, gadd45b mRNA is induced exclusively by mRNA stabilization. These findings indicate that the stress‐mediated induction of gadd45b is largely distinct from gadd45a. Furthermore, data obtained provide a novel paradigm for stress–response gene induction, indicating that gadd45b induction by distinct stressors, in the same cell type and under the same experimental settings, is differentially regulated at the level of mRNA transcription or mRNA stability. Importantly, this study also provides the groundwork to further examine the regulation of gadd45b expression in in vivo settings using animal models and tissues obtained from normal individuals and cancer patients prior to and after chemotherapeutic intervention. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1220–1231, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigations of the fragmentation pathways of benzylpyridinium ions under ESI/MS conditions
Authors: Zins Emilie‐Laure , Rondeau David , Karoyan Philippe , Fosse Céline , Rochut Sophie , Pepe Claude 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBenzylpyridinium ions are often used as ‘thermometer ions’ in order to evaluate the internal energy distribution of the ions formed in sources of mass spectrometers. However, the detailed fragmentation pathways of these parent ions were not well established. In particular, fragmentation involving a rearrangement (RR) process may be influencing the simulated distribution curves. In a previous study, we suggested that such RR actually occurred under electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) and fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry (FAB/MS) experiments. Here, we present a systematic study of different substituted benzylpyridinium ions. Theoretical calculations showed that RR fragmentation leading to substituted tropylium ions could occur under ‘soft ionization’ conditions, such as ESI or FAB. Experimental results obtained under gas‐phase reactivity conditions showed that some substituted benzylpiridinium compounds actually undergo RR fragmentations under ESI/MS conditions. Mass‐analyzed kinetic experiments were also carried out to gain information on the reaction pathways that actually occur, and these experimental results are in agreement with the reaction pathways theoretically proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual and combined action of pancreatic lipase and pancreatic lipase‐related proteins 1 and 2 on native versus homogenized milk fat globules
Authors: Berton Amélie , Sebban‐Kreuzer Corinne , Rouvellac Stéphanie , Lopez Christelle , Crenon Isabelle 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPancreatic lipase (PL) and pancreatic lipase‐related proteins 1 and 2 (PLRP1 and PLRP2) display different functional properties, despite close structures. The aim of the study was to compare the kinetic properties of recombinant human PLRP1, PLRP2, and PL on a physiological substrate: the milk fat under native and homogenized structures. No lipolytic activity is measured for PLRP1. PLRP2 hydrolyses milk fat with a lower catalytic efficiency than that of PL. PLRP2 activity, higher on homogenized than on native milk fat, is differently influenced by fatty acids (FA) and colipase depending on a proteolytic cleavage in the lid domain. FA enhance the activity on both milks. A colipase positive effect on the non‐proteolyzed PLRP2 is observed on homogenized milk and with FA on native milk fat. Bile salts are necessary. An original observation is a synergic effect between PL and PLRP2 on the two milks. An inhibitory effect of PLRP1 on PL activity is also demonstrated. The combined action of pancreatic lipases on milk fat digestion proposes PLRPs as modulators of PL. Our study supports the hypothesis of a major role of PLRP2 in fat digestion in newborns and brings new insights to understand the physiological role of PLRPs.
Na+/K+ATPase regulates sperm capacitation through a mechanism involving kinases and redistribution of its testis‐specific isoform
Authors: Newton Larissa D. , Krishnakumar Sulochana , Menon Ajitkumar Gopinadha , Kastelic John P. , van der Hoorn Frans A. , Thundathil Jacob C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIncubation of bovine sperm with ouabain, an endogenous cardiac glycoside that inhibits both the ubiquitous (ATP1A1) and testis‐specific α4 (ATP1A4) isoforms of Na+/K+ATPase, induces tyrosine phosphorylation and capacitation. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) fertilizing ability of bovine sperm capacitated by incubating with ouabain; (2) involvement of ATP1A4 in this process; and (3) signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of sperm capacitation induced by inhibition of Na+/K+ATPase activity. Fresh sperm capacitated by incubating with ouabain (inhibits both ATP1A1 and ATP1A4) or with anti‐ATP1A4 immunoserum fertilized bovine oocytes in vitro. Capacitation was associated with relocalization of ATP1A4 from the entire sperm head to the post‐acrosomal region. To investigate signaling mechanisms involved in oubain‐induced regulation of sperm capacitation, sperm preparations were pre‐incubated with inhibitors of specific signaling molecules, followed by incubation with ouabain. The phosphotyrosine content of sperm preparations was determined by immunoblotting, and capacitation status of these sperm preparations were evaluated through an acrosome reaction assay. We inferred that Na+/K+ATPase was involved in the regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm proteins through receptor tyrosine kinase, nonreceptor type protein kinase, and protein kinases A and C. In conclusion, inhibition of Na+/K+ATPase induced tyrosine phosphorylation and capacitation through multiple signal transduction pathways, imparting fertilizing ability in bovine sperm. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting both the involvement of ATP1A4 in the regulation of bovine sperm capacitation and that fresh bovine sperm capacitated by the inhibition of Na+/K+ATPase can fertilize oocytes in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 136–148, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutische Proteine durch E.‐coli‐Sekretionstechnik
Authors: Leonhartsberger Susanne 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEin Sekretionssystem liefert hochreine pharmazeutische Wirkstoffe im industriellen Maßstab. Es senkt im Vergleich zu anderen biotechnischen Verfahren die Prozesskosten und verbessert die Prozessabläufe.
Prediction of mill liner shape evolution and changing operational performance during the liner life cycle: Case study of a Hicom mill
Authors: Cleary Paul W. , Owen Phil , Hoyer David I. , Marshall Steve 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe prediction of wear and performance change over the life cycle of the consumable liners used to protect grinding mills is an important element of their optimization. Poor wear behaviour can lead to higher replacement costs and production loss during liner replacement. Prediction of wear behaviour using discrete element method (DEM) can provide valuable information about the impact of the design on the life cycle of the liner. Here, the DEM method is extended to predict the evolution of the
shape of the liner throughout the life cycle. Using a Hicom 110 nutating mill as a case study, we demonstrate a process for constructing a wear model that is shown to be able to quantitatively predict the spatially varying wear rates over the surface of the liner. The functional dependence of wear rate on micro‐mechanical flow quantities is not currently understood; hence, two model variants for each of the normal impact damage and the shear abrasion damage are considered. This model is validated by comparison with the actual erosion depths of a real liner. It is then used in a multi‐step DEM simulation to predict the liner evolution and the operational changes in the mill performance over the full life cycle of the liner. For the Hicom mill, it is demonstrated that the wear is entirely dominated by abrasion and that the best measure of this was the shear energy dissipation of wall contacts. It was also to identify that the floor of the mill was constructed of a more abrasion resistance material. The life cycle analysis showed a 20% decline in power draw as the increasing grinding chamber volume and eroding lifters lead to less efficient operation of the mill. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical and analytical method for the design of piezoelectric modal sensors/actuators for shell‐type structures
Authors: Donoso A. , Bellido J. C. , Chacón J. M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper we treat the problem of designing distributed piezoelectric modal sensors/actuators for cylindrically curved panels. The design problem is tackled as an optimization problem where the design variable is a function (the polarization profile of the electrode) that takes on three values only: −1 (negative polarization), 0 (zero polarization or no piezoelectric material), 1 (positive polarization), and the objective function is connected with the frequency response of the transducer. For the model described here, we analytically prove that the electrode patterns that make it possible to ideally isolate particular vibration modes must entirely cover the piezoelectric lamina with either positive or negative polarization. Further, we propose an accurate numerical method for systematically designing these polarization patterns and a novel algorithm for parameterizing and visualizing them in 3d. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual and radiographic assessment of dental caries by osteologists: a validity and reliability study
Authors: Liebe‐Harkort C. , Ástvaldsdóttir Á. , Tranæus S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn the skeletal remains of earlier populations, the presence and severity of dental caries preserves evidence about general health and diet. The quality of the data collected on dental caries is highly dependent on the diagnostic skills of the examining osteologist. A major barrier to more detailed data is reliance on visual inspection only. The present study compared quantification of carious lesions by osteologists, using both visual and radiographic inspection. Four osteologists with varying experience of caries diagnosis registered the presence and extent of dental caries on the crown and root surfaces of 61 teeth sourced from three different samples: archaeological, anthropological and modern. The teeth were subsequently sectioned to provide a control or standard reference. The interobserver differences were calculated as sensitivity (observer correctness in identifying teeth with caries disease). The two observers with more experience of dental paleopathology showed higher agreement with the standard reference than the other two observers, i.e. they correctly diagnosed more carious lesions. The most pronounced interobserver difference was for radiographic inspection of root surfaces. The recordings by the two experienced observers conformed much more closely with the standard reference than those of the less experienced observers. The results confirm that experience has a major influence on practical observations in dental paleopathology. The quality of collected data on dental caries could be enhanced by improving osteologists' knowledge of the disease process and the application of uniform, unambiguous criteria for registration of carious lesions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life and death on a Barbadian sugar plantation: historic and bioarchaeological views of infection and mortality at Newton Plantation
Authors: Shuler K. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDespite the rise in African Diaspora bioarchaeology, poor preservation and sampling bias has impeded Caribbean research. Paleodemography and infectious diseases are assessed here for 46 skeletons exhumed in 1997–98 from a slave cemetery at Newton Plantation (ca. 1660–1820). Life expectancy is closer to historic predictions than in earlier craniodental studies. High rates of periosteal infection were encountered but no evidence of specific skeletal diseases. Absence of sequelae does not support Newton as a healthy population relative to others. Rather, extreme stress, particularly for Newton females, is evidenced by the lowest relative mean age at death of any diaspora skeletal sample, and many mild to moderate lower limb infections in men, women and adolescents attest to injuries on the sugar gangs. Activity stress and abuse, coupled with disease and malnutrition, culminated in high mortality and replacement. This first comprehensive study of health on a Caribbean sugar plantation contributes to a growing biology of the African Diaspora and over three decades of Newton Plantation research. Specifically, it demonstrates the importance of systemic, multidisciplinary and comparative approaches to reconstructing the complex life stresses of slavery. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capacity development for education service delivery in Pakistan: Top‐down devolution
Authors: Watson David , Khan Adnan Qadir 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe historical, political, socio‐cultural and institutional context in the public service of Pakistan is not auspicious for the delivery of social services such as education. The then military regime introduced radical devolution reforms in 2001 that promised improvements in service delivery by enhancing accountabilities and capacities for change in local government. However the political economy of this top‐down devolution has proved contentious. It established new power structures and authorities over resources at local levels but without concurrent efforts to enhance service delivery capacities. This article examines capacity issues in two cases of capacity development in education service delivery in Pakistan's largest province. The Punjab Education Sector Reform Programme (PESRP) was managed by a provincial‐level implementation unit; the Strategic Policy Unit (SPU) of City District Government Faisalabad was a local government project supported by technical co‐operation. Both delivered major improvements in education delivery capacity in just 4 years, after decades of delivery stagnation and worsening education indicators. The sustainability of these initiatives is in doubt, as political economy factors remain a major impediment to devolved service delivery in Pakistan. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Condensation of alkoxysilanes in alcoholic media: I. Oligomerization of dimethyldiethoxysilane
Authors: Bennevault‐Celton Véronique , Maciejak Olek , Desmazières Bernard , Cheradame Hervé 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn the context of the preservation of cultural heritage, the treatment of paper by an aminoalkylalkoxysilane, or its mixture with dimethyldiethoxysilane, has given encouraging results. Diluting the monomer bearing the amino function could contribute to obtaining a flexible network interpenetrating the fibre network. Due to the complexity of the system, the work presented here begins with a study of dimethyldiethoxysilane condensation under the conditions used for the paper deacidification (alcoholic medium, neutral condition, etc.). No detectable exchange reaction with ethanol was observed in anhydrous systems of dimethyldiethoxysilane for 24 h, but in the presence of water, hydrolysis and exchange were observed, the rate constant of the former being higher than that of the latter by one order of magnitude. In methanol, in the presence of water, condensation leading to dimerization was observed within less than three days, with polycondensation requiring a much longer time. From the rate constant measurements, in the presence of water, it appears that the condensation reaction is the slowest reaction. It can be concluded that with freshly prepared dimethyldiethoxysilane solutions in ethanol, this monomer cannot homopolymerize. The next step will be to determine to what extent it can be integrated into the network formed by the polycondensation of aminoalkylalkoxysilane. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of poly[acrylamide‐co‐(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate)] via inverse microemulsion polymerization
Authors: Qiu Jianhua , Zhang Yanwu , Meng Xiaohong , Zhang Haoqin , Liu Jindun 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn anionic polyelectrolyte based on acrylamide (Am) and sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate (SSS) was synthesized via the inverse microemulsion polymerization technique. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values of the surfactant and the composition of the inverse microemulsion system were determined using pseudoternary phase diagrams. The reactivity ratios of Am and SSS in inverse microemulsion polymerization were calculated using the Kelen–Tüdös method. The optimum HLB value of the surfactant for the inverse microemulsion system was 8.58. The composition of the inverse microemulsion system was surfactants (25 wt%), cyclohexane (59 wt%) and aqueous solution of monomers (16 wt%). Am (r1) and SSS (r2) reactivity ratios were 0.61 and 1.99, respectively. Monomer reactivity ratios of Am and SSS determined in the present study differ from those reported for solution radical copolymerization. This indicates that the difference in microenvironment in solution and microemulsion plays an important role in governing the reactivity ratios of the monomers. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Measuring elementary teacher stress and coping in the classroom: Validity evidence for the Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands
Authors: Lambert Richard G. , McCarthy Christopher , O'Donnell Megan , Wang Chuang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands (CARD, elementary version) was used to investigate teacher stress among a sample of elementary teachers (n = 521). The CARD measures teacher stress by examining the subjective experience of both classroom demands and resources provided by the school, and thereby attempts to capture the situationally specific nature of teacher stress. This study attempted to examine whether the CARD can provide reliable and valid information that addresses the call by experts in the field of teacher stress research for measures that consider each teacher's specific occupational circumstances. Specifically, the factor structure of the CARD was supported empirically. Further evidence was offered for the construct and concurrent validity by correlations between CARD scales scores and other measures theoretically relevant to teacher well‐being: general health, teacher efficacy, self‐critical attitudes, and burnout symptoms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A computational approach to inferring cellular protein‐binding affinities from quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging
Authors: Mehta Khamir , Hoppe Adam D. , Kainkaryam Raghunandan , Woolf Peter J. , Linderman Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy can measure the spatial distribution of protein interactions inside live cells. Such experiments give rise to complex data sets with many images of single cells, motivating data reduction and abstraction. In particular, determination of the value of the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) will provide a quantitative measure of protein–protein interactions, which is essential to reconstructing cellular signaling networks. Here, we investigate the feasibility of using quantitative FRET imaging of live cells to estimate the local value of Kd for two interacting labeled molecules. An algorithm is developed to infer the values of Kd using the intensity of individual voxels of 3‐D FRET microscopy images. The performance of our algorithm is investigated using synthetic test data, both in the absence and in the presence of endogenous (unlabeled) proteins. The influence of optical blurring caused by the microscope (confocal or wide field) and detection noise on the accuracy of Kd inference is studied. We show that deconvolution of images followed by analysis of intensity data at local level can improve the estimate of Kd. Finally, the performance of this algorithm using cellular data on the interaction between yellow fluorescent protein‐Rac and cyan fluorescent protein‐PBD in mammalian cells is shown.
Native electrophoretic techniques to identify protein–protein interactions
Authors: Wittig Ilka , Schägger Hermann 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPermanent protein–protein interactions are commonly identified by co‐purification of two or more protein components using techniques like co‐immunoprecipitation, tandem affinity purification and native electrophoresis. Here we focus on blue‐native electrophoresis, clear‐native electrophoresis, high‐resolution clear‐native electrophoresis and associated techniques to identify stable membrane protein complexes and detergent‐labile physiological supercomplexes. Hints for dynamic protein–protein interactions can be obtained using two‐hybrid techniques but not from native electrophoresis and other protein isolation techniques except after covalent cross‐linking of interacting proteins in vivo prior to protein separation.