bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery Learning Tools in Materials Science: Concept Visualization with Dynamic and Interactive Spreadsheets
Authors: Sinex Scott A. , Halpern Joshua B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMany materials science concepts can be developed into animated, interactive spreadsheets to create engaging discovery learning tools. These Excel spreadsheets do not require programming expertise. Learning how to create and use these didactically useful spreadsheets is simple and new examples can be quickly created by teachers.
Building a Low Cost, Hands-on Learning Curriculum on Glass Science and Engineering using Candy Glass
Authors: Heffner William R. , Jain Himanshu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have developed a program to connect students, as well as the general public, with glass science in the modern world through a series of hands-on activities and learning experiences using sucrose based glass (a.k.a. hard candy). The scientific content of these experiments progresses systematically, providing an environment to develop an understanding of glassy materials within a framework of “active prolonged engagement” with the material. Most of the experiments can be assembled in a high school lab, or even in a home setting with minimal cost, and yet are appropriate for inclusion in an undergraduate materials lab. The cost is minimized by utilizing common, everyday materials and devices. Some of the activities included in our experiments include: synthesis, density, refractive index determination, glass transition, crystallization, kinetics of devitrification, thermal properties, etc. Temperature measurement, temperature control, and even automated data collection are part of the experience, providing an open path for the students to continue their own interesting and creative ideas.
Authentic Science Research and the Utilization of Nanoscience in the Non-Traditional Classroom Setting
Authors: Day Deborah A. , Yu Zizi , Wang Zelun , Dalecki Jennifer , Jadbabaie Arian , Feng Emily Z. , Mattessich Thomas J. , Caragianis-Broadbridge Christine , Reed Mark A. , Munden Ryan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractApplications of nanoscience in the non-traditional classroom have successfully exposed students to various methods of research with applications to micro- and nano-electronics. Activities obtained from the NanoSense website associated with current global energy and water concerns are solid examples. In this regard, all 36 students in the 2008-2009 Science Research Program (SRP) prepared and delivered individual and group lesson plans in addition to their authentic, year-long research projects. Two out of 36 students selected nanoscience based projects in preparation for science fair competition in 2009. Additionally, preliminary research was conducted while participating in the Center for Research on Interface Structures and Phenomena (CRISP) Research Experience for Teachers (RET) Program in summer 2008 which supported the idea of developing a photolithography kit. This kit is intended to introduce high school students to the fundamentals of photolithography. In this paper, the design, implementation and feasibility of this kit in the high school classroom is described as well as details involving individual and group nanoscience based projects. Supporting educational models include self-regulated learning (SRL) concepts; situated cognition; social constructivism; Renzulli's (1977) enrichment triad and Types I – III inquiry enrichment activities.
Materials Science as a High School Capstone Course for the Physics First Curriculum
Authors: Unterman Nathan A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBy changing the high school science curriculum from Freshman Science, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics (BCP); to Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (PCB), we have an opportunity to create a new Senior level science elective. The entire high school science core curriculum has been reviewed and parts rewritten to create a coherent, integrated program based on common themes such as energy, particulate nature of matter, and forces. Nanoconcepts including size and scale and surface area to volume ratio are integrated where appropriate. In our school, we began PCB during the 2008-2009 academic year. In anticipation of these students becoming upperclassmen, a capstone elective course of Materials Science has been developed based on scientific models and literacies shaped in the PCB course sequence. Deployment of this new model centered course is set for the 2010-2011 school year.
Design and Implementation of Professional Development Seminars in Coordination with Research Experience for Teachers (RET) and Focused on Professional Practices of Scientists and Engineers
Authors: Simmons Chelsey , Storm Kaye , Lichtenstein Gary , Pruitt Beth 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMany programs promote professional development for teachers in laboratory settings. In fact, some research has shown these experiences can improve student achievement. However, it is unclear what aspect of the laboratory experience helps bring about this effect. In order to ensure all teachers participating in Stanford's Research Experiences for Teachers program received maximum benefit from the laboratory experience, supplementary seminars were delivered that emphasized a variety of skills and tasks required of career scientists and engineers. Teacher feedback indicates that participants found these seminars valuable and that they would prefer additional time for peer interaction and curriculum development.
Implementation of a Curriculum Leading to a Baccalaureate Degree in Nanoscale Science
Authors: Matyi Richard , Geer Robert E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE) at the University at Albany has developed an academic curriculum leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Nanoscale Science. This curriculum represents a 132-credit program designed for completion in eight academic semesters and is consistent with the SUNY General Education Program requirements as implemented at the University at Albany. This curriculum comprises a cutting-edge, inherently interdisciplinary, academic program centered on scholarly excellence, educational quality, and technical and pedagogical innovation. The blueprint for this curriculum is comprised of four basic components: a “Foundational Principles”’ component, a “Core Competency” component, a “Concentration” component and a “Capstone Research/Design” component. The first two components are designed to integrate the dissemination of fundamental, cross-disciplinary, nanoscale science and engineering principles with the cultivation of the critical skill set necessary for advanced undergraduate coursework and interdisciplinary research. The remaining two components expand on these foundational skills to develop the topical expertise, technical depth, and independent research abilities that are essential to a well-rounded undergraduate educational experience. The combination of these instructional tools ensures a customizable and coherent undergraduate degree program that trains the student's intellect how to explore, discover, and innovate, while ensuring its proficiency in a specific nanoscale discipline. The outcome is a unique undergraduate experience that taps into CNSE's global academic leadership in nanoscale science and engineering to attract and educate a diverse and talented pool of qualified scientists and engineers at the baccalaureate level.
Development and Delivery of an Online Graduate Certificate in Materials Characterization for Working Professionals
Authors: Dickrell Pamela L. , Dempere Luisa A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWithin materials science and engineering industries there exists a need for continual professional development and lifelong learning. University materials science and engineering departments and materials related centers have highly qualified instructional faculty, and course management infrastructure that can be utilized to deliver needed continuing education to working professionals via distance learning. This work examines the development and first year delivery results of an online graduate certificate in modern materials characterization techniques for working scientists and engineers.
Biocompatible Phosphorus-based Monomers for Radical Polymerization
Authors: Dworak Claudia , Heller Christian , Varga Franz , Liska Robert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNovel biocompatible and biodegradable monomers based on phosphorus-containing vinyl esters and vinyl carbamates for radical photopolymerization were prepared. By photo-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (photo-DSC) the reactivity of the mono-, di- and trifunctional monomers was investigated. Furthermore, their cytotoxicity, mechanical properties and hydrolytic degradation behavior were evaluated, aiming at a future application of our compounds in the biomedical area.
Zr(IV)-immobilized Affinity Beads Prepared by Surface Template Polymerization for Capturing Phosphorylated Proteins
Authors: Uezu Kazuya , Mizuki Hidenobu , Ito Yudai , Harada Hisashi , Oshiumi Haruka 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) bead, Zr(IV)-immobilized resin, was prepared by surface template polymerization to enrich phosphorylated proteins and peptides from complex peptides mixtures. In order to enhance both the kinetics and the efficiency, large pathways for the proteins and peptides in the resin were formed, and the Zr(IV)-phosphate complexes were immobilized on the polymer surface. The morphology of the Zr(IV)-immobilized resin was evaluated the by measuring the specific surface area, pore volume, and pore distribution. The resin possessed large amount of the large-macro pores around 300 nm. The separation performance of β-casein from bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was evaluated by phosphopeptide enrichment and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The Zr(IV)-immobilized resin showed the high selectivity of the phosphopeptide.
Cell-Based Detection Using Electric Cell-Impedance Sensing
Authors: Mohanraj Bhavana , Schiele Nathan , Hynes Anne , Yan Zijie , Corr David T. , Dinu Cerasela Z , Chrisey Douglas B 
Published: February 2010

AbstractElectric Cell-Impedance Sensing (ECIS) is a real-time transduction system that can be used to detect the presence of foreign particles or pathogens by measuring the changes in impedance or resistance of a cell monolayer grown on an electrode. Herein, we present the use of ECIS for the detection of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on Madine Derby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells as a function of changes in the cell confluence and barrier function of the cell monolayer. The barrier function is a measure of the number of tight junctions formed between confluent cells in a monolayer; tighter confluence leads to an increase in a barrier function and thus in the measured resistance. We were able to detect exposures as low as 1 μg of 20 nm silver nanoparticles per 105 cells within 2 hours; those exposures were quantified as a significant drop in impedance and a gradual decrease in the barrier function as compared to the controls. Future work would include the detection of protein toxins using impedance sensing as well as further analysis of the barrier function using fluorescent staining.
Bioinspired Inorganic/polymer Thin Films
Authors: Hirata Gustavo A. , Diaz Sandra Payan , Chen Po-Yu , Meyers Marc A. , McKittrick Joanna 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStudies of hard biological materials such as marine shells, animal teeth, horns and bones have produced fascinating ideas for mimicking their micro/nanostructure in the lab. The nacre in the abalone shell has a well-defined organic/inorganic structure that has a fracture resistance that is much higher than the individual constituents. By using biocompatible materials we have fabricated zirconium nitride/ polymethylmethacrylate alternating layers that are based on the structure of nacre. A combination of DC-magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition on (100) silicon substrates was used to fabricate multilayers in a single chamber without breaking the vacuum. The ZrN films showed nanocrystalline columnar growth on the silicon substrates or on the PMMA nanolayer. High resolution SEM analysis at the inorganic/organic interface revealed well formed, uniform thickness inorganic films which are separated by the polymeric layer (30-90 nm). The ratio of the ceramic/polymer is the same as in nacre. Nanoindentation hardness values of ˜ 20GPa were measured on both the ZrN single film, similar to published values, and the ZrN/PMMA composite layers and the elastic modulus remained constant, independent of the number of layers.
Bio-electrosprays and Aerodynamically Assisted Bio-jets, Flow Cytometry Concepts for Interrogating Living Cells and Whole Organisms
Authors: Jayasinghe Suwan N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBio-electrospraying and aerodynamically assisted bio-jetting are rapidly evolving approaches for directly handling living cells and organisms. In this article we demonstrate how these technologies now elucidated as being safe for handling living cells and organisms can be explored not only for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine but also in biology for single cell and organism diagnostics.
Unique Microstructure and Mechanical Properties from Melt Processing Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide)/Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate)
Authors: Zhang Jianbin , Luo Lian , Lyu Suping , Pudil Bryant , Schley Jim , Benz Mike , Buckalew Adam , Chaffin Kim , Hobot Chris , Sparer Randy 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPoly(lactide) (PLA) and its copolymers degrade through hydrolysis into non-toxic and water soluble metabolic products in vivo. They are ideal materials for resorbable biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, these polymers are brittle and often need to be toughened. One of the most effective toughening methods is reactive blending, in which additives are dispersed into polymer matrices as small particles with strong bonding between the two materials. In this paper, we studied toughening poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) through reactive blending with poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC). We observed warm-like micelle or swollen warm-like micelle structures created during the reactive blending process with a twin screw extruder at high temperature. The micelle structures were orientated along the extrusion direction with their length ranging from 50 to 1000 nm and diameters about 50 nm. This structure could be produced only with a twin screw extruder. When a batch mixer was used, the PTMC additive (10 to 30 wt%) formed spheres with diameters on the order of 100-500 nm. The PLGA/PTMC copolymers formed in situ were responsible to this microstructure. The mechanical properties of this blend were significantly improved over the pure PLGA.
Rapid Prototyping of Biomimetic Structures: Fabrication of Mosquito-like Microneedles by Two-Photon Polymerization
Authors: Gittard Shaun D. , Narayan Roger J , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Chichkov Boris N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOver the past twenty years, the use of rapid prototyping techniques for processing of medical devices has seen rapid growth. A number of rapid prototyping techniques currently exist for producing a broad range of medical devices using metals, ceramics, polymers, and composite materials. One promising rapid prototyping technology for creating medical devices with small scale features is two photon polymerization; this scalable photopolymerization technique enables processing of photosensitive materials such as organically-modified ceramic materials. In this study, two photon polymerization was used to produce microneedles that mimic the anatomy of the mosquito fascicle. The labrum of the mosquito was replicated in the mosquito-like microneedle. On the other hand, the maxillae of the mosquito were not replicated in the mosquito-like microneedle; the absence of these features was attributed to inadequate mechanical support of the maxillae. This study suggests that two photon polymerization and other rapid prototyping technologies may be used to produce biomimetic drug delivery devices that imitate the intricate structures found in nature.
Poly(1,3-Butylene Fumerate) and Poly(1,3-Butylene Fumerate)-co-(1,3-Butylene Maleate) as Electrospun Scaffold Materials
Authors: Cicotte Kirsten Nicole , Dirk Shawn M. , Hedberg-Dirk Elizabeth 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPoly(butylene fumerate) (PBF) and poly(butylene fumerate)-co-(butylene maleate) (PBFcBM) have been synthesized from the ring opening and condensation reactions of maleic anhydride (MA) and 1,3-butanediol (BD). PBFcBM synthesized in this way contains greater than 85% maleate groups. Both PBF and PBFcBM have a glass transition temperature (Tg) below room temperature and therefore cannot be electrospun using the conventional electrospinning process as a non-porous film results. To facilitate production of nonwoven micro- and nano-fiber mats, a UV-source (λ=356 nm) was used in combination with a photoinitator loaded polymer solution to initiate the crosslinking reaction of the fumerate and maleate functional groups as the fibers were produced. The resulting non-woven fiber mats are potentially suitable scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery application.
Development of Boron Cage Compound Nanocomposite Elastomers
Authors: Eastwood Eric Allen , Bowen Daniel Edward , Lee Mark W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA wide variety of nanofillers of varying compositions have been used to create polymer nanocomposites, including tubes, wires, fibers, sheets, and particles. A new class of compounds has been identified for use as nanofillers, boron cage compounds. Boron cage compounds are discrete, icosahedral closed cage molecules of high boron content and examples include carboranes and dodecaborate salts. Several chemically modified boron cage compounds have been incorporated into polyolefin elastomers, such as poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate), and poly(ethylene-co-octene), among others. The resulting thermal and thermomechanical properties were evaluated in order to determine when plasticization and reinforcement occur to better understand the chemical structure/physical property relationships. Materials with a wide range of properties were produced, however under certain conditions, advanced materials were created with high boron contents, improved thermal stability, mechanical strength, and significant reinforcement.
Localizing GABA Receptors and Glutamate Transporters Using Conjugated Quantum Dots in Rat Cerebellum Slices
Authors: El Abed Abdel Illah , Baudot Anne , Chat Mireille , Ben Khalifa Sanaa , Louis Gérard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGABA and glutamate are known as the principal inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the vertebrate central nervous system, respectively. However, recent electro-physiological and immunogold data reported by Stell et al. [1] indicate that GABA may undergo also an excitatory action on presynaptic varicosities of parallel fibers (PFs) in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellum. PFs are axonal extensions, with a cross section of about 0.1 m, of the glutamatergic granule cells. Such an unexpected excitatory action of GABA indicates clearly the presence of GABA receptors in the PFs of granule cells. We show in this study that quantum dots may be used specifically and efficiently to label two endogenous synaptic proteins, namely R-GABAA-1 receptors (GABAA Rs) and glutamate transporters (VGLUT1) in order to target their localization in very small structures such as the presynaptic varicosities of the PFs, in agreement with the results recently reported by Stell et al..
Traffic Congestion and Accident Externality: A Japan-U.S. Comparison
Authors: Saito Kuniyoshi , Kato Takaaki , Shimane Tetsuya 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We measure the accident externality from driving in the spirit of Edlin and Karaca-Mandic (2006). We collect data that parallel those used in Edlin and Karaca-Mandic and apply their empirical method to gain further insights about the accident externality. Consistent with Edlin and Karaca-Mandic, we find larger external costs for higher density roads, although the sizes largely depend on the variable definition and the model specification. One intriguing result is that per-vehicle external costs are considerably smaller in Japan than those in the U.S. In Kyoto, for example, an additional driver increases accident costs for other drivers by $248--$802, while it is $1,725--$2,432 in California where the traffic density is approximately the same. However, on a per-mile basis, much closer externalities are obtained. This finding indicates that the large externality in high-density roads underscored in Edlin and Karaca-Mandic is partly attributed to the fact that U.S. drivers drive longer distances, comparatively speaking.
Novel Coupling Agents for Silica-filled Rubbers with Superior Processing Safety and Improved Hysteresis of the Vulcanizates
Authors: Gerster M. , Fagouri C. , Peregi E. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
One challenge facing green tire technology is to achieve good silica hydrophobation/dispersion within the polymer matrix without a detrimental increase in the rubber compound’s viscosity during compounding. This phenomenon is well known to be induced by premature and unwanted coupling and/or crosslinking of the traditional coupling agents. The current state-of-the-art polysulfides silanes, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide and to a lesser extent bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide (“Product Application—VP Si 75/VP X 75-S in the Rubber Industry,” Degussa Hüls Report No. PA 723.1E), need to be carefully incorporated with careful temperature control during the rubber compounding to prevent this “scorchy” behavior. This paper will present novel monofunctional silanes which are suited for preparing highly silica-loaded rubber compounds of superior processability, while applying fewer mixing passes, thereby reducing mixing times which can lead to improved productivity and cost savings. Additionally, these safer coupling agents can be processed at higher temperatures which can, again, lead to reduced mixing time and better ethanol removal thereby improving the tire’s physical properties and reducing the volatile organic compounds generated during the tire’s use. The rubber compounds produced using these monofunctional silanes are characterized by lower Mooney viscosity and improved processability. Advantageously, within these novel chemical classes of coupling agents, selective functionalization of the silanes allows production of tailor-made coupling agents which can respond to the specific requirements of the tire industry (Vilgis, T. A. and Heinrich, G., “Die Physic des Autoreifens,” Physikalische Blätter, Vol. 57, 2001, pp. 1–7).