bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I am, personally, the Fall of the West”: Postmodernism and the Critical Reception (and Legacy) of Barry Hannah’s Fiction
Authors: Graybill Mark S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhile relatively few of the remembrances of Barry Hannah in the popular press mention the adjective ‘postmodern’ to describe Hannah’s work, and while Hannah himself was skeptical of the concept, it has largely shaped the trajectory of critical discourse on Hannah’s aesthetic among his academic readers. Indeed, as his reputation among literary scholars has grown, so has the strength of his association with postmodernism. Fred Hobson wrote nearly two decades ago of Hannah’s celebrated novel, Ray (1980), that “for once, the southern writer inhabiting the postmodern world is close to being a postmodern writer himself” (37). Hobson cannot bring himself to make a more definitive declaration (Hannah is only ‘close to being’ a postmodernist), because he wants to like Hannah’s work, but ultimately values more a southern writer who “essentially accepts, rather than invents, his world, is not given to fantasy, does not in his fiction question the whole assumed relationship between narrator and narrative, does not question the nature of fiction itself”– in other words, one who “plays by the old rules of the game” (9). Subsequent critics, however, have worked steadily toward an understanding of Hannah’s work as prototypically postmodern. This essay discusses those works that have contributed most significantly to that understanding and considers briefly the future criticism on Hannah’s work.
Victorian Sexualities
Authors: Furneaux Holly 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe popular stereotype of the prudish Victorians has persisted for too long. This article charts the rethinking of Victorian sexuality in the academy and beyond. It presents a detailed examination of the effects of sexological categorisation, looking at the legacy of the invention of homosexuality and heterosexuality for approaches to the period. In particular it explores the ramifications of Michel Foucault’s discursive thesis, under which the homosexual became a species. In a final section the essay traces recent developments in the field, unrestricted by the binary opposition of the homo and hetero, enabled by queer theory and the turn to affect. Such approaches have given rise to fuller accounts of the varieties of Victorian emotional and erotic experience, work that can counter far right misappropriations of the period as a type of heterosexual gold‐standard.
Stimulatory effect of α‐synuclein on the tau‐phosphorylation by GSK‐3β
Authors: Kawakami Fumitaka , Suzuki Minori , Shimada Naoki , Kagiya Go , Ohta Etsuro , Tamura Kei , Maruyama Hiroko , Ichikawa Takafumi 
Published: October 2011

Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein (tau) causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies of the physiological correlation between tau and α‐synuclein (α‐SN) have demonstrated that: (a) phosphorylated tau is also present in Lewy bodies, which are cytoplasmic inclusions formed by abnormal aggregation of α‐SN; and (b) the neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) increases the phosphorylation of tau as well as the protein level of α‐SN in cultured neuronal cells, and also in mice. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for the α‐SN‐mediated hyperphosphorylation of tau remains to be elucidated. In this in vitro study, we found that: (a) α‐SN directly stimulates the phosphorylation of tau by glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), (b) α‐SN forms a heterotrimeric complex with tau and GSK‐3β, and (c) the nonamyloid beta component (NAC) domain and an acidic region of α‐SN are responsible for the stimulation of GSK‐3β‐mediated tau phosphorylation. Thus, it is concluded that α‐SN functions as a connecting mediator for tau and GSK‐3β, resulting in GSK‐3β‐mediated tau phosphorylation. Because the expression of α‐SN is promoted by oxidative stress, the accumulation of α‐SN induced by such stress may directly induce the hyperphosphorylation of tau by GSK‐3β. Furthermore, we found that heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) suppresses the α‐SN‐induced phosphorylation of tau by GSK‐3β through its direct binding to α‐SN, suggesting that Hsp70 acts as a physiological suppressor of α‐SN‐mediated tau hyperphosphorylation. These results suggest that the cellular level of Hsp70 may be a novel therapeutic target to counteract α‐SN‐mediated tau phosphorylation in the initial stage of neurodegenerative disease.Structured digital abstract
GSK3Bphosphorylates GSK3B by protein kinase assay (View interaction)
TAU binds to ‐SN by pull down (View interaction)
GSK3Bphosphorylates TAU by protein kinase assay (View Interaction: 1, 2, 3, 4)
TAU physically interacts with ‐SN and HSP70 by pull down (View interaction)
TAU physically interacts with ‐SN and GSK3Bby pull down (View interaction)
GSK3Bbinds to ‐SN by pull down (View interaction)
GSK3B physically interacts with ‐SN and HSP70 by pull down (View interaction)
HSP70 binds to ‐SN by pull down (View interaction)
GSK3Bphosphorylates Gs by protein kinase assay (View interaction)
Cognitive Science and Religious Belief
Authors: Wood Graham 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe cognitive science of religion draws on insights from evolutionary psychology, and offers explanations of religious belief based on natural cognitive processes. This article examines a number of competing explanations of religious belief by considering it as a solution to the challenge of cooperation. The challenge of stopping individuals cheating within a cooperative group has been a problem throughout humanity’s evolutionary history. Empirical evidence drawn from fields such as anthropology and psychology suggests that religious beliefs are part of an evolved cognitive system that motivates individuals to cooperate with other members of their group. Three possible evolutionary accounts, the memetic, by‐product, and adaptation accounts, are considered as evolved solutions to the challenge of cooperation.
Social Intuitionism and the Psychology of Moral Reasoning
Authors: Sauer Hanno 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRationalism about the psychology of moral judgment holds, among other things, that the justifying moral reasons we have for our judgments are also the causally effective reasons for why we make those judgments. This can be called the ‘effectiveness’‐thesis regarding moral reasoning. The theory that best exemplifies the thesis is the traditional conscious reasoning‐paradigm. Current empirical moral psychology, however, poses a serious challenge to this thesis: it argues that in fact, emotional reactions are necessary and sufficient to account for moral judgment, and that typically, moral reasoning is a matter of mere confabulation. In this survey, the empirical challenge to this thesis made by the ‘social intuitionist’ model of moral judgment and reasoning is discussed. The model claims that moral reasoning is essentially ineffective and, psychologically speaking, a matter of mere post hoc‐rationalizations of cognitively impenetratable gut reactions. Several interpretations of this evidence are discussed and it is shown that there is room for a psychology of moral reasoning that can account for the available empirical evidence and yet does not have to give up the most central elements of a normative picture of moral reasoning.
Sympathy and Perspective‐Taking in Confucian Ethics
Authors: Tiwald Justin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article spells out a forgotten debate in Confucian ethics that concerns the finer points of empathy, sympathy, and perspective‐taking (sometimes called ‘role‐taking’). The debate’s central question is whether sympathy is more virtuous when it is automatic and other‐focused – that is, when we engage in perspective‐taking without conscious effort and sympathize without significant reference to our selves or our own feelings. The seeds of this debate can be found in classical Confucianism, but the relevant issues come in for more explicit and nuanced analysis in neo‐Confucianism broadly construed, especially in the thought of Zhu Xi and Dai Zhen. I unpack the technical distinctions and psychological presuppositions that underlie three of Zhu’s critiques of non‐automatic and self‐focused perspective‐taking, and then reconstruct Dai’s responses to these critiques.
Language Contact and New Dialect Formation: Evidence from German in North America
Authors: Nützel Daniel , Salmons Joseph 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhen viewing language and dialect contact through the lens of the social settings of variation and acquisition, it becomes apparent that the types and degrees of conservatism in colonial dialects of German are tightly tied to the varieties learned and the patterns of acquisition in the community. Working within the framework of recent theories on stability in language contact and new dialect (koine) formation, the authors explore what the basic social settings of some German‐American immigrant communities in Indiana and Wisconsin reveal about the structural consequences of language and dialect contact.
In vivo vitiligo induction and therapy model: double‐blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: van Geel Nanja , Speeckaert Reinhart , Mollet Ilse , De Schepper Sofie , De Wolf Julie , Tjin Esther P.M. , Luiten Rosalie M. , Lambert Jo , Brochez Lieve 
Published: October 2011

SummaryIn this study, we developed an in vivo vitiligo induction model to explore the underlying mechanisms leading to Koebner’s phenomenon and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. The model consisted of 12 pigmented test regions on the back of generalized vitiligo patients that were exposed to three Koebner induction methods: cryotherapy, 755 nm laser therapy, and epidermal abrasion. In addition, four cream treatments (pimecrolimus, tacrolimus, steroid and placebo) were randomly applied. Koebnerization was efficiently induced by all three induction methods. In general, cryotherapy was the best method of Koebner induction, followed by 755 nm laser therapy and epidermal abrasion. Reproducible results were obtained, which showed enhanced depigmented surface areas and higher amounts of T lymphocytes in placebo‐treated test zones compared to active treated areas. Tacrolimus and local steroids were better inhibitors of Koebner’s process (P < 0.05) compared to pimecrolimus. Our in vivo vitiligo induction model is very informative to investigate vitiligo induction and to determine the efficacy of topical treatments in vitiligo. This proof of concept confirms the efficient comparison of head‐to‐head therapeutic strategies intra‐individually in a standardized, specific and better timed way.
Modelling melanoma in mice
Authors: Walker Graeme J. , Soyer H. P. , Terzian Tamara , Box Neil F. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPhenotypic and molecular heterogeneity in human melanoma has impaired efforts to explain many of the clinically important features of melanoma. For example, many of the underlying mechanisms that might predict age‐of‐onset, time to metastasis and other key elements in melanoma progression remain unknown. Furthermore, melanoma staging used to predict outcome and treatment has not yet moved beyond a basic phenotypic classification. While molecularly targeted therapies show great promise for melanoma patients, establishing accurate animal models that recapitulate human cutaneous melanoma progression remains a priority. We examine the relevance of mice as models for human melanoma progression and for key molecular and histopathologic variants of melanoma. These mice may be used as preclinical models to probe the relationships between causative mutations, disease progression and outcome for molecularly targeted therapeutics. We ask how new mouse models, or more detailed histopathologic and molecular analyses of existing mouse models, may be used to advance our understanding of genotype–phenotype correlations in this tumour type. This necessarily involves a consideration of the utility of mice as models for ultraviolet radiation‐induced melanoma, and how this might be improved.
Japanese herbal medicine, inchinkoto, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase induction in interleukin‐1β‐stimulated hepatocytes
Authors: Matsuura Takashi , Kaibori Masaki , Araki Yoshiro , Matsumiya Miho , Yamamoto Yuka , Ikeya Yukinobu , Nishizawa Mikio , Okumura Tadayoshi , Kwon A‐Hon 
Published: October 2011

Aim:  A herbal medicine, kampo inchinkoto (TJ‐135), is used to treat jaundice and liver fibrosis in patients with cirrhosis. In the inflamed liver, proinflammatory cytokines stimulate the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. Over‐production of nitric oxide (NO) by iNOS has been implicated as a factor in liver injury. We examined interleukin (IL)‐1β‐stimulated hepatocytes as a simple in vitro injury model to determine liver‐protective effects of TJ‐135. The objective was to investigate whether TJ‐135 influences iNOS induction and to determine its mechanism.Methods:  Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with IL‐1β in the presence or absence of TJ‐135. The induction of iNOS and its signaling pathway were analyzed.Results:  IL‐1β produced increased levels of NO. This effect was inhibited by TJ‐135, which exerted its maximal effects at 3 mg/mL. TJ‐135 decreased the levels of iNOS protein and its mRNA expression. Experiments with nuclear extracts revealed that TJ‐135 inhibited the translocation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) to the nucleus and its DNA binding. TJ‐135 also inhibited the activation of Akt, resulting in the reduction of type I IL‐1 receptor mRNA and protein expression. Transfection experiments with iNOS promoter‐luciferase constructs demonstrated that TJ‐135 suppressed iNOS induction by inhibition of promoter transactivation and mRNA stabilization. TJ‐135 reduced the expression of an iNOS gene antisense‐transcript. Delayed administration or withdrawal of TJ‐135 after IL‐1β addition also inhibited iNOS induction.Conclusions:  Results indicate that TJ‐135 inhibits the induction of iNOS at both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional steps, leading to the prevention of NO production. TJ‐135 may have therapeutic potential for various liver injuries through the suppression of iNOS induction.
Randomized, Blinded Comparison of Epinephrine and Vasopressin for Treatment of Naturally Occurring Cardiopulmonary Arrest in Dogs
Authors: Buckley G.J. , Rozanski E.A. , Rush J.E. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundAdministration of epinephrine duringCPRis recommended for treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in dogs. Administration of epinephrine duringCPRmight be associated with deleterious adverse effects. Vasopressin has been studied for use inCPRas an alternative.HypothesisThat administration of vasopressin instead of epinephrine with standardCPRtechniques will result in improved outcome.AnimalsSeventy‐seven client‐owned dogs identified in theER/ICUwithCPAwere eligible for inclusion.MethodsRandomized, prospective clinical study. Dogs were randomized to receive epinephrine (0.01–0.02mg/kg) or vasopressin (0.5–1 U/kg) in a blinded fashion. Attending veterinarians were asked to adhere to standardizedCPRprotocol for the 1st 6 minutes ofCPR, during which time doses of the study drug were administered at 3‐minute intervals.ResultsA total of 60 dogs completed this study with 31 receiving epinephrine and 29 receiving vasopressin. Overall rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was 60% (36/60), 32% (19/60) of dogs survived to 20 minutes, 18% (11/60) survived to 1 hour. No difference was seen in rates ofROSCbetween the 2 groups (P = .20). Dogs receiving epinephrine were more likely to survive to 1 hour (odds ratio 5.86; 95%CI: 1.19–28.95) than those receiving vasopressin (P = .027).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceROSCwas similar in dogs receiving epinephrine or vasopressin. In this study, a survival advantage at 1 hour was seen in those animals receiving epinephrine. No advantage of routine use of vasopressin over epinephrine was detected. Further studies are required to examine subgroups of dogs that might benefit from specific interventions.
Characteristics of neuropsychological functions in inpatients with poorly‐controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takeuchi Ai , Matsushima Eisuke , Kato Motoichiro , Konishi Mika , Izumiyama Hajime , Murata Yuji , Hirata Yukio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  It has been suggested that type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment. We investigated the neuropsychological profile of inpatients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and assessed the effects of clinical factors on neuropsychological functions.Materials and Methods:  Forty‐two patients with type 2 diabetes and 32 non diabetic control subjects were matched for age, sex ratio, and level of education. Attention & working memory, processing speed, verbal memory, visuospatial memory, visuoconstruction, and executive function were tested. Information about physical function, alcohol use, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and myocardial infarction was retrieved from personal interviews and medical records.Results:  Diabetic patients demonstrated mild cognitive deterioration in attention & working memory, processing speed, verbal memory, and executive function. In particular, neuropsychological decline became prominent when tasks related with speed and verbal stimuli became unstructured and complex. Age was significantly associated with the majority of neuropsychological tests, whereas tasks dealing with working memory and executive function were associated with age only in the diabetic group. Duration of diabetes was associated with Backward Digit Span.Conclusions:  Accelerated aging had a major influence on cognitive decline in the diabetic group, whereas diminished performance in working memory and executive function might have been more related to diabetes‐related cognitive impairment. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00170.x, 2011)
Combined decongestive therapy including equine manual lymph drainage to assist management of chronic progressive lymphoedema in draught horses
Authors: Powell H. , Affolter V. K. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryEquine chronic progressive lymphoedema (CPL) is a disabling disorder of draught horse breeds. Combined decongestive therapy (CDT) is the treatment of choice for lymphoedema in man and has been adapted for use in horses. Equine CDT, which includes manual lymph drainage (MLD) and subsequent bandaging with short stretch bandages, was expected to improve the signs of CPL in draught horses because CPL resembles primary lymphoedema in man. Five affected horses ‐ Gypsy cob (n = 1), Clydesdale (n = 1), Shires (n = 3) ‐ were included. Lesions were documented pre‐ and post treatment. Percentage volume loss of the distal legs was calculated using the disc model. Initial plans for daily CDT had to be adapted; intermittent treatment of Chorioptes infections required alternating between CDT and MLD in 4/5 horses. Concurrent pyoderma (1/5 horses) was treated throughout the study. Development of unrelated lameness (hoof abscess) allowed limited CDT treatment only in one horse. Marked softening of previously firm tissue indicated the change from ‘brawny’ to pitting oedema in 2/5 horses. Fibrotic nodules and folds in the pasterns became markedly softened and smaller in 2/5 horses. Skin surface notably improved in all horses: hyperkeratosis decreased, erosions and ulcerations healed completely and crusts disappeared. After 2 weeks, a mean volume reduction of 11.25% was seen, ranging from 4.75–21.74% and quality of movement improved. This pilot study documents evidence that CDT assists management of CPL. Current CPL management is limited to palliative treatments of secondary infections. Whilst not a permanent treatment, CDT offers a promising tool to manage horses with CPL, improving their quality of life and potential usefulness. More extensive and prolonged studies with a larger number of horses are warranted to evaluate the full potential of CDT.
Complete Genome Sequence of Haloarcula hispanica, a Model Haloarchaeon for Studying Genetics, Metabolism, and Virus-Host Interaction
Authors: Liu Hailong , Wu Zhenfang , Li Ming , Zhang Fan , Zheng Huajun , Han Jing , Liu Jingfang , Zhou Jian , Wang Shengyue , Xiang Hua 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Haloarcula hispanica
is an extremely halophilic archaeon that has an unusually low restriction barrier and is therefore significant for studying archaeal genetics, metabolism, and virus-host interactions. Here we report the complete genome sequence (3,890,005 bp) of
H. hispanica
strain CGMCC 1.2049, consisting of two chromosomes and one megaplasmid.
Genome Sequence of the Tobacco Bacterial Wilt Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Li Zefeng , Wu Sanling , Bai Xuefei , Liu Yun , Lu Jianfei , Liu Yong , Xiao Bingguang , Lu Xiuping , Fan Longjiang 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Ralstonia solanacearum
is a causal agent of plant bacterial wilt with thousands of distinct strains in a heterogeneous species complex. Here we report the genome sequence of a phylotype IB strain, Y45, isolated from tobacco (
Nicotiana tabacum
) in China. Compared with the published genomes of eight strains which were isolated from other hosts and habitats, 794 specific genes and many rearrangements/inversion events were identified in the tobacco strain, demonstrating that this strain represents an important node within the
R. solanacearum
complex.
First Draft Genome Sequence of a Strain from the Genus Citricoccus
Authors: Hayano-Kanashiro Corina , López-Arredondo Damar Lizbeth , Cruz-Morales Pablo , Alcaraz Luis-David , Olmedo Gabriela , Barona-Gómez Francisco , Herrera-Estrella Luis 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Bacteria of the genus
Citricoccus
have been isolated from ecological niches characterized by diverse abiotic stress conditions. Here we report the first genome draft of a strain of the genus
Citricoccus
isolated from the extremely oligotrophic Churince system in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin (CCB) in Coahuila, Mexico.
Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma putrefaciens Type Strain KS1
Authors: Calcutt Michael J. , Foecking Mark F. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma putrefaciens
is a causative agent of contagious agalactia in goats. Reported herein is the complete genome sequence of the
M. putrefaciens
type strain KS1.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Type Strain Pseudomonas stutzeri CGMCC 1.1803
Authors: Chen Ming , Yan Yongliang , Zhang Wei , Lu Wei , Wang Jin , Ping Shuzhen , Lin Min 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Here we report the complete genome sequence of
Pseudomonas stutzeri
strain CGMCC 1.1803 (equivalent to ATCC 17588), the type strain of
P. stutzeri
, which encodes 4,138 open reading frames on a 4,547,930-bp circular chromosome. The CGMCC 1.1803 genome contains genes involved in denitrification, benzoate/catechol degradation, chemotaxis, and other functions.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae Isolate IS7493
Authors: Shahinas Dea , Tamber Gurdeep Singh , Arya Gitanjali , Wong Andrew , Lau Rachel , Jamieson Frances , Ma Jennifer H. , Alexander David C. , Low Donald E. , Pillai Dylan R. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae
is a member of the viridans group streptococci (VGS) whose pathogenic significance is unclear. We announce the complete genome sequence of
S. pseudopneumoniae
IS7493. The genome sequence will assist in the characterization of this new organism and facilitate the development of accurate diagnostic assays to distinguish it from
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Streptococcus mitis.