bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cu2O Nanocube‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides with Phenols via Ullmann Coupling
Authors: Kim Jee Young , Park Ji Chan , Kim Aram , Kim A. Young , Lee Hyun Ju , Song Hyunjoon , Park Kang Hyun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThermal and air‐stable uniform Cu2O nanocubes were employed in the development of a gram‐scale, one‐pot polyol synthesis. Herein is reported an efficient cross‐coupling reaction of aryl halides and phenols with a catalytic amount (0.1 mol‐%) of Cu2O nanocubes as recyclable catalyst and Cs2CO3 as the base in THF at 150 °C. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Novel, Highly Efficient and Selective Ruthenium Catalysts for the Synthesis of Vinyl Esters from Carboxylic Acids and Alkynes
Authors: Nicks François , Aznar Rosario , Sainz Daniel , Muller Guillermo , Demonceau Albert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn efficient and highly selective synthesis of vinyl esters was developed that employed carboxylic acids and terminal alkynes as reagents, and novel tethered (η1:η6‐phosphanoarene)ruthenium complexes as catalyst precursors. With these catalyst systems, the reactions were somewhat slower than when using the best catalysts reported to date, but the selectivities were excellent with up to 98 % of the Markovnikov isomer. In addition, with a turnover number (TON) of 5000, these catalysts greatly outperformed their competitors. Minute amounts of water had a beneficial impact on the reaction rates, while maintaining the same selectivities. Furthermore, microwave heating at 160 °C also considerably accelerated the reactions, albeit to the detriment of the selectivity. Finally, it should also be noted that formation of dimerization products of 1‐alkynes was completely suppressed by using these tethered (η1:η6‐phosphanoarene)ruthenium catalytic systems.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electrochemical studies on liquid properties in extended nanospaces using mercury microelectrodes
Authors: Tsukahara Takehiko , Kuwahata Takuya , Hibara Akihide , Kim Haeng‐Boo , Mawatari Kazuma , Kitamori Takehiko 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe developed a novel nanofluidic chip equipped with mercury microelectrodes, which enables electrochemical measurements to be made in 10–100 nm scale spaces (called extended nanospaces), and evaluated the performances. The effects of both space sizes and concentrations on the conductance (G) values of KCl solutions in extended nanospaces (216–5000 nm) were examined using impedance spectrometry. We found that the experimental G values in the extended nanospaces decreased non‐linearly with decreasing KCl concentrations in the range of 10−2 to 10−7 M and could be explained by theoretical model taking account of surface charge density of on a glass surface. This was found to result from enhancement of proton concentrations of the confined solution owing to fast proton exchange between SiOH groups on surfaces and water. Moreover, the G values provided the specific resistance and capacitance of KCl solutions in the extended nanospaces. These results showed that the viscosity of KCl solutions increased by size‐confinement and that the viscosity of solution in 216 nm‐sized extended nanospaces became about 2.8 times as large as that of bulk solution. We concluded that the developed nanofluidic chip becomes a new experimental tool for demonstrating confinement‐induced nanospatial electrochemical properties of liquids.
Removal of organics and ions from wastewater using a hybrid system of microfiltration membrane and microorganisms
Authors: Madaeni Sayed Siavash , Zarbakhsh Mastaneh 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMicrofiltration membranes are not able to remove organic compounds. A hybrid system of a microfiltration membrane and bacteria was designed for separation of organic compounds and ions from wastewater. Colonies of bacteria (Escherichia coli) were subjected to sedimentation on the surface of a microfiltration membrane (0.2 μm cellulose acetate) as a complementary part of the system to enhance the removal efficiency. Three selected categories of materials i.e. preservative substances, cephalosporins and ions were used to prepare the synthetic feed. The results indicate that preservatives were reduced more than 80%, cephalosporins were removed around 60% and ions decreased more than 50% in the feed solution using this hybrid system for filtration. The interaction between bacteria and chemical materials is responsible for removal of organic compounds and ions from test solutions. However the interaction decreased over time due to the limited capacity of the bacteria.
Analysis of honeydew melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus) flavour and GC–MS/MS identification of (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienyl acetate
Authors: Perry Patrick L. , Wang Ying , Lin Jianming 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAlthough melon aromas have been extensively analysed, to our knowledge no GC–O investigations have been published on honeydew melon. An aroma extract of honeydew melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus) was obtained by hydrodistillation under vacuum followed by solid‐phase extraction, and analysed by GC–MS/O and GC–MS. Forty‐two volatiles were positively identified, seven of which are reported for the first time in melon. The major volatiles were mostly saturated and unsaturated C9 alcohols and aldehydes. The levels of the corresponding acetates were too low to be detected by classical GC–MS analysis. However, using a sensitive and selective GC–MS/MS method, (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienyl acetate was identified for the first time in melon. Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of the extract revealed that (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal was the most impactful compound of honeydew melon. AEDA results also showed that (Z,Z)‐3,6‐nonadien‐1‐ol and phenylethyl alcohol imparted fresh and sweet‐floral characters, respectively, to honeydew aroma. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of silk fibroin blended P(LLA‐CL) nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering
Authors: Zhang Kuihua , Wang Hongsheng , Huang Chen , Su Yan , Mo Xiumei , Ikada Yoshito 
Published: August 2009

AbstractElectrospinning using natural proteins and synthetic polymers offers an attractive technique for producing fibrous scaffolds with potential for tissue regeneration and repair. Nanofibrous scaffolds of silk fibroin (SF) and poly(L‐lactic acid‐co‐ϵ‐caprolactone) (P(LLA‐CL)) blends were fabricated using 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol as a solvent via electrospinning. The average nanofibrous diameter increased with increasing polymer concentration and decreasing the blend ratio of SF to P(LLA‐CL). Characterizations of XPS and 13C NMR clarified the presence of SF on their surfaces and no obvious chemical bond reaction between SF with P(LLA‐CL) and SF in SF/P(LLA‐CL) nanofibers was present in a random coil conformation, SF conformation transformed from random coil to β‐sheet when treated with water vapor. Whereas water contact angle measurements conformed greater hydrophilicity than P(LLA‐CL). Both the tensile strength and elongation at break increased with the content increasing of P(LLA‐CL). Cell viability studies with pig iliac endothelial cells demonstrated that SF/P(LLA‐CL) blended nanofibrous scaffolds significantly promoted cell growth in comparison with P(LLA‐CL), especially when the weight ratio of SF to P(LLA‐CL) was 25:75. These results suggested that SF/P(LLA‐CL) blended nanofibrous scaffolds might be potential candidates for vascular tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Morphological variation in the forelegs of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae. I. The AMC clade
Authors: Stark Julian B. , O'Grady Patrick M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Hawaiian Drosophilidae possess spectacular diversity in male foreleg modifications, many of which are unknown in other Diptera. The greatest diversity in foreleg morphology is in the antopocerus, modified tarsus, and ciliated tarsus clade (AMC Clade), a group of 95 species. The modified tarsus flies are divided into the bristle, ciliated, split, and spoon tarsus subgroups. The bristle tarsus species feature one or two rows of thickened setae on the basitarsus. The split tarsus species are characterized by only having four tarsal segments, in contrast to five tarsomeres in the remainder of Diptera. Based on comparisons of the apparent ground state of ventral setal rows across the Hawaiian Drosophila, we suggest that it is the second tarsal segment which has been lost. The spoon tarsus species are characterized by having the second tarsomere modified into a setae‐filled, concave‐shaped spoon. The ciliated tarsus species, all of which possess one or more elongate setae on the tarsus of males, are probably not monophyletic with respect to the bristle tarsus subgroup. The antopocerus flies are characterized by a long basitarsus, with extensive setation on the tibia and basitarsus of some species. The use of these foreleg modifications in courtship behavior has been previously described and it is suggested that they represent the results of sexual selection. The current work expands on previous morphological analyses, presenting a level of detail not previously possible without SEM images. The new characters revealed will figure prominently in future cladistic studies. J. Morphol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Density functional theory and RRKM calculations of the gas‐phase unimolecular rearrangements of methylfuran and pyran ions before fragmentations
Authors: Solano Espinoza Eduardo A. , Vallejo Narváez Wilmer E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe potential energy profiles for the mutual conversion of the isomeric molecular ions [C5H6O]+• of 2‐methylfuran, 3‐methylfuran and 4H‐pyran and the fragmentations that lead to [C5H5O]+ ions were obtained from calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311G + + (3df,3pd)//B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory. The various competing unimolecular processes were characterized by their RRKM microcanonical rate coefficients, k(E), using the sets of reactant and transition state frequencies and the kinetic barriers obtained from the density functional method. In either a high‐ or a low‐energy regime, the pyrylium ion [C5H5O]+ is generated directly from the 4H‐pyran molecular ion by a simple cleavage. In contrast, in the metastable kinetic window, the molecular ions of methylfurans irreversibly isomerize to a mixture of interconverting structures before dissociation, which includes the 2H‐ and 3H‐pyran ions. The hydrogen atoms attached to saturated carbons of the pyran rings are very stabilizing at the position 2, but they are very labile at position 3 and can be shifted to adjacent positions. Once 4H‐pyran ion has been formed, the CH bond cleavage begins before any hydrogen shift occurs. According to our calculation, there would not be complete H scrambling preceding the dissociation of the molecular ions [C5H6O]+•. On the other hand, as the internal energy of the 2‐methylfuran molecular ion increases, H• loss can become more important. These results agree with the available experimental data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic factors for extra‐abdominal and abdominal wall desmoids: A 20‐year experience at a single institution
Authors: Huang Kai , Fu Hong , Shi Ying‐Qiang , Zhou Ye , Du Chun‐Yan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePrevious reports even large studies discussing the prognosis of desmoids have included tumors from intra‐ and extra‐abdominal sites as well as incomplete resection. The purpose of this study was to explore prognostic factors associated with the recurrence free survival (RFS) rate in surgically treated extra‐abdominal and abdominal wall desmoids.Patients and MethodsA total of 198 consecutive desmoid patients were treated with surgery over a 20‐year period at a single institution. Of these, 151 patients with extra‐abdominal and abdominal wall tumors were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred thirteen patients were referred for the primary tumor and the other 38 for recurrent disease initially treated elsewhere. All patients underwent a macroscopically complete resection.ResultsThe median follow‐up interval was 102 months. Thirty‐one patients (20.5%) had a local recurrence (LR). No patients died of the disease. The 5‐ and 10‐year RFS was 79.7% and 78.5%, respectively. Admission status, gender, tumor size, margin status, location, and number, were predictors of LR in univariate analysis. Tumor size and margin status were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. Positive margins were predictive of recurrence of primary disease, and also showed a trend for recurrent disease, which was not statistically significant. The selective use of adjuvant radiation did not show significant benefit over local control.ConclusionsRegardless of primary or recurrent disease, microscopically negative margins should always be the goal for extra‐abdominal desmoids surgery, if no cosmetic defects or function demolition is encountered. Extra‐abdominal desmoids deserve more attention and should be treated more aggressively, especially when leaving positive margins. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:563–569. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early gallbladder cancer: Is further treatment necessary?
Authors: de Aretxabala Xabier , Roa Ivan , Hepp Juan , Maluenda Fernando , Mordojovich Gerardo , Leon Jorge , Roa Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to evaluate a series of patients with early gallbladder cancer, focusing on the selection of treatment and the role of Rokitansky Aschoff sinus infiltration.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective series of 371 patients with gallbladder cancer. Specimens were reviewed by an independent pathologist to confirm the diagnosis and depth of infiltration and to evaluate the presence of Rokitansky Aschoff sinus involvement.ResultsForty‐nine and 45 patients with muscular (pT1b) and mucosal (pT1a) infiltration gallbladder cancer tumors were studied respectively. Simple cholecystectomy was the treatment in all patients, with the exception of 11 patients who underwent further surgery. Rokitansky Aschoff sinus invasion was seen in seven patients with mucosa (pT1a) and three with muscular (pT1b) compromise. The 5‐year survival rates of patients with muscular (pT1b) and mucosal (pT1a) infiltration were 87.6% and 86.4%, respectively. Patients with Rokitansky Aschoff involvement had a lower survival rate than those with no involvement in both categories.ConclusionsEarly gallbladder cancer is associated with a favorable prognosis and cholecystectomy should be the standard treatment. Despite some patients having a worse prognosis, there are no data to support more aggressive treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:589–593. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macroradical initiated polymerisation of acrylic and methacrylic monomers
Authors: Mijangos Irene , Guerreiro António , Piletska Elena , Whitcombe Michael J. , Karim Kal , Chianella Iva , Piletsky Sergey 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn approach has been developed for the grafting of monomers onto poly(trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) (polyTRIM) particles using 2,2‐diethyl dithiocarbamic acid benzyl ester (DDCABE) as an initiator. A set of polymers was prepared with this technique over different lengths of time and the kinetics of the reaction studied experimentally. It was found that the grafting of initiator to the polymeric support followed a second order reaction, while the subsequent addition of monomers from solution into the polyTRIM macroradicals followed a first order reaction. The living nature of the iniferter modified macroradicals permits easy consecutive grafting of multiple polymeric layers, allowing straightforward functionalisation of particles. However, the effectiveness of the grafted initiator decreased with each cycle of polymerisation. This technique can be used for a wide range of applications in analytical and biochemistry.
Environmental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Beauchemin Diane 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article reviews the numerous ways in which inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been used for the analysis of environmental samples since it was commercially introduced in 1983. Its multielemental isotopic capability, high sensitivity and wide linear dynamic range makes it ideally suited for environmental analysis. Provided that some care is taken during sample preparation and that appropriate calibration strategies are used to circumvent non‐spectroscopic interferences, the technique is readily applicable to the analysis of a wide variety of environmental samples (natural waters, soils, rocks, sediments, vegetation, etc.), using quadrupole, time‐of‐flight or double‐focusing sector‐field mass spectrometers. In cases where spectroscopic interferences arising from the sample matrix cannot be resolved, then separation methods can be implemented either on‐ or off‐line, which can simultaneously allow analyte preconcentration, thus further decreasing the already low detection limits that are achievable. In most cases, the blank, prepared by following the same steps as for the sample but without the sample, limits the ultimate detection limits that can be reached. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:560–592, 2010
Application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Authors: Wang Dongli , Li Qing X. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis review summarized the applications of mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of the important flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to understand the environmental sources, fate and toxicity of PBDEs that were briefly discussed to give a general idea for the need of analytical methodologies. Specific performance of various mass spectrometers hyphenated with, for example, gas chromatograph, liquid chromatograph, and inductively coupled plasma (GC/MS, LC/MS, and ICP/MS, respectively) for the analysis of PBDEs was compared with an objective to present the information on the evolution of MS techniques for determining PBDEs in environmental and human samples. GC/electron capture negative ionization quadrupole MS (GC/NCI qMS), GC/high resolution MS (GC/HRMS) and GC ion trap MS (GC/ITMS) are most commonly used MS techniques for the determination of PBDEs. New analytical technologies such as fast tandem GC/MS and LC/MS become available to improve analyses of higher PBDEs. The development and application of the tandem MS techniques have helped to understand environmental fate and transformations of PBDEs of which abiotic and biotic degradation of decaBDE is thought to be one major source of Br1‐9BDEs present in the environment in addition to direct loading from commercial mixtures. MS‐based proteomics will offer an insight into the molecular mechanisms of toxicity and potential developmental and neurotoxicity of PBDEs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:737–775, 2010
Structural determination of ε‐lactams by 1H and 13C NMR
Authors: Montalvo‐González Rubén , Ariza‐Castolo Armando 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe thermodynamic products (ε‐lactams) of the degradation of ten different spirocyclic oxaziridines were analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The preferred conformations were determined by examining the homonuclear spin–spin coupling constant and the chemical shift effects of the N‐substituent and the alkyl group of the aliphatic ring on 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐Adrenergic activity preserves GLUT4 protein in glycolytic fibers in fasting
Authors: Alves‐Wagner Ana Barbara Teixeira , De Freitas Helayne Soares , De Souza Paula Bargi , Seraphim Patricia Monteiro , Mori Rosana Cristina Tieko , Machado Ubiratan Fabres 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGlucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in adipose tissue decreases during fasting. In skeletal muscle, we hypothesized that GLUT4 expression might be maintained in a β‐adrenergic–dependent way to ensure energy disposal for contractile function. Herein we investigate β‐blockade or β‐stimulation effects on GLUT4 expression in oxidative (soleus) and glycolytic [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] muscles of fasted rats. Fasting increased GLUT4 mRNA in soleus (24%) and EDL (40%), but the protein content increased only in soleus (30%). β1–β2‐, and β1–β2–β3‐blockade decreased (20–30%) GLUT4 mRNA content in both muscles, although GLUT4 protein decreased only in EDL. When mRNA and GLUT4 protein regulations were discrepant, changes in the mRNA poly(A) tail length were detected, indicating a posttranscriptional modulation of gene expression. These results show that β‐adrenergic activity regulates GLUT4 gene expression in skeletal muscle during fasting, highlighting its participation in preservation of GLUT4 protein in glycolytic muscle. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Changes of gene expression in electrically stimulated and contralateral rat soleus muscles
Authors: Pimenta Aurélio , Gorjão Renata , Silveira Leonardo R. , Curi Rui 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study we investigate the effect of a single session of high‐intensity contractions on expression of pleiotropic genes and, in particular, those genes associated with metabolism in soleus muscle from electrically stimulated (ES) and contralateral (CL) limbs. The right limbs of male Wistar rats were submitted to contractions by 200‐ms trains of electrical stimulation at 100‐HZ frequency with pulses of 0.1 ms (voltage 24 ± 3 V) delivered each second for 1 hour. Soleus muscles were isolated 1 hour after contraction, and gene expression was analyzed by a macroarray technique (Atlas Toxicology 1.2 Array; Clontech Laboratories). Electrical stimulation increased expression in 92 genes (16% of the genes present in the membrane). Sixty‐six genes were upregulated in both ES and CL soleus muscles, and expression of 26 genes was upregulated in the ES muscle only. The most altered genes were those related to stress response and metabolism. Electrical stimulation also raised expression of transcription factors, translation and posttranslational modification of proteins, ribosomal proteins, and intracellular transducers/effectors/modulators. The results indicate that a single session of electrical stimulation upregulated expression of genes related to metabolism and oxidative stress in soleus muscle from both ES and CL limbs. These findings may indicate an association with tissue hypertrophy and metabolic adaptations induced by physical exercise training not only in the ES but also in the CL non‐stimulated muscle, suggesting a cross‐education phenomenon. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Enhanced homosynaptic LTD in cerebellar Purkinje cells of the dystrophic MDX mouse
Authors: Anderson Jennifer L. , Morley John W. , Head Stewart I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe purpose was to study homosynaptic long‐term depression (LTD) at the parallel fiber‐Purkinje cell synapse in the mdx mouse, a murine model of the human dystrophinopathy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), in order to examine whether the absence of dystrophin affects the induction and extent of this form of synaptic plasticity. Sharp intracellular electrodes were used to record electrically evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) from identified Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices. The early phase of homosynaptic LTD, 7–16 min postinduction, was the same in mdx and wildtype Purkinje cells; however, the late phase of LTD, 35–44 min, was significantly enhanced in mdx Purkinje cells. We hypothesize that this enhancement of the late phase of homosynaptic LTD may be due to a disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis associated with the absence of the protein dystrophin. These findings may explain some of the central nervous system deficiencies reported in DMD boys. Muscle Nerve, 2009