bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlating lesion size and location to deficits after ischemic stroke: the influence of accounting for altered peri-necrotic tissue and incidental silent infarcts
Authors: Alexander Lisa D , Black Sandra E , Gao Fuqiang , Szilagyi Gregory , Danells Cynthia J , McIlroy William E 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundInvestigators frequently quantify and evaluate the location and size of stroke lesions to help uncover cerebral anatomical correlates of deficits observed after first-ever stroke. However, it is common to discover silent infarcts such as lacunes in patients identified clinically as 'first-ever' stroke, and it is unclear if including these incidental findings may impact lesion-based investigations of brain-behaviour relationships. There is also debate concerning how to best define the boundaries of necrotic stroke lesions that blend in an ill-defined way into surrounding tissue, as it is unclear whether including this altered peri-necrotic tissue region may influence studies of brain-behaviour relationships. Therefore, for patients with clinically overt stroke, we examined whether including altered peri-necrotic tissue and incidental silent strokes influenced either lesion volume correlations with a measure of sensorimotor impairment or the anatomical localization of this impairment established using subtraction lesion analysis.MethodsChronic stroke lesions of 41 patients were manually traced from digital T1-MRI to sequentially include the: necrotic lesion core, altered peri-necrotic tissue, silent lesions in the same hemisphere as the index lesion, and silent lesions in the opposite hemisphere. Lesion volumes for each region were examined for correlation with motor impairment scores, and subtraction analysis was used to highlight anatomical lesion loci associated with this deficit.ResultsFor subtraction lesion analysis, including peri-necrotic tissue resulted in a larger region of more frequent damage being seen in the basal ganglia. For correlational analysis, only the volume of the lesion core was significantly associated with motor impairment scores (r = -0.35,p= 0.025). In a sub-analysis of patients with small subcortical index lesions, adding silent lesions in the opposite hemisphere to the volume of the index stroke strengthened the volume-impairment association.ConclusionsIncluding peri-necrotic tissue strengthened lesion localization analysis, but the influence of peri-necrotic tissue and incidental lesions on lesion volume correlations with motor impairment was negligible barring a small index lesion. Overall, the potential influence of incidental lesions and peri-necrotic tissue on brain-behaviour relationships may depend on the characteristics of the index stroke and on whether one is examining the relationship between lesion volume and impairment or lesion location and impairment.
Axotomy-induced neurotrophic withdrawal causes the loss of phenotypic differentiation and downregulation of NGF signalling, but not death of septal cholinergic neurons
Authors: Lazo Oscar M , Mauna Jocelyn C , Pissani Claudia A , Inestrosa Nibaldo C , Bronfman Francisca C 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Septal cholinergic neurons account for most of the cholinergic innervations of the hippocampus, playing a key role in the regulation of hippocampal synaptic activity. Disruption of the septo-hippocampal pathway by an experimental transection of the fimbria-fornix drastically reduces the target-derived trophic support received by cholinergic septal neurons, mainly nerve growth factor (NGF) from the hippocampus. Axotomy of cholinergic neurons induces a reduction in the number of neurons positive for cholinergic markers in the medial septum. In several studies, the reduction of cholinergic markers has been interpreted as analogous to the neurodegeneration of cholinergic cells, ruling out the possibility that neurons lose their cholinergic phenotype without dying. Understanding the mechanism of cholinergic neurodegeneration after axotomy is relevant, since this paradigm has been extensively explored as an animal model of the cholinergic impairment observed in neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's disease.
The principal aim of this study was to evaluate, using modern quantitative confocal microscopy, neurodegenerative changes in septal cholinergic neurons after axotomy and to assess their response to delayed infusion of NGF in rats.

Results
We found that there is a slow reduction of cholinergic cells labeled by ChAT and p75 after axotomy. However, this phenomenon is not accompanied by neurodegenerative changes or by a decrease in total neuronal number in the medial septum. Although the remaining axotomized-neurons appear healthy, they are unable to respond to delayed NGF infusion.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that at 3 weeks, axotomized cholinergic neurons lose their cholinergic phenotype without dying and down-regulate their NGF-receptors, precluding the possibility of a response to NGF. Therefore, the physiological role of NGF in the adult septal cholinergic system is to support phenotypic differentiation and not survival of neurons. This evidence raises questions about the relationship between transcriptional regulation of the cholinergic phenotype by retrograde-derived trophic signaling and the transcriptional changes experienced when retrograde transport is impaired due to neuropathological conditions.
Non-traumatic fractures following seizures: two case reports
Authors: Ach Koussay , Slim Ines , Ajmi Sihem Trimech , Chaieb Molka Chadli , Beizig Amel Maaroufi , Chaieb Larbi 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Seizures with or without trauma may cause fractures that occur commonly in epileptic seizures. Fracture risk is less reported in non-epileptic seizures. Some metabolic conditions leading to a decrease in bone mineral density may cause fractures secondary to non-epileptic seizure.

Case presentation
We describe two cases of non-traumatic acetabular and vertebrae fractures following seizures without history of epilepsy. They occurred in two male patients, 18 and 48 years old suffering respectively from hypercorticism and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Seizures, occurring inside hospital, were secondary to hypertensive encephalopathy crisis with hypokaliemia in the first case and severe hypoglycaemia in the second one. Fracture was promoted by a decrease in mineral bone density caused respectively by hypercorticism and diabetic chronic renal failure.

Conclusion
These observations emphasize that fracture prevention among patients with decreased mineral bone density should include the avoidance of metabolic causes of seizure.
Hydrocarbon rank signatures correlate with differential oophagy and dominance behaviour in Polistes dominulus foundresses
Authors: Dapporto L. , Bruschini C. , Cervo R. , Petrocelli I. , Turillazzi S. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARY
Social life offers animals increased fitness opportunities. However, the advantages are not evenly distributed and some individuals benefit more than others. The ultimate advantage of reaching the highest rank in a dominance hierarchy is the achievement of reproduction monopoly. In social insects, dominant individuals and queens keep their reproductive control through differential oophagy of unwanted eggs (egg policing). Egg recognition is the main proximate mechanism for maintaining reproductive dominance. In the social wasp Polistes dominulus, subordinate queens often lay eggs in the presence of the dominant individual. Combining gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and laboratory bioassays, we found that chemical differences between eggs of subordinate and dominant foundresses can explain the differential success in oophagy enjoyed by dominant individuals. We propose that dominance behaviour is an investigative behaviour as well as a ritualized agonistic behaviour. In fact, the frequency of dominance acts increases with the chemical similarity of the surfaces of dominant- and subordinate-laid eggs. Therefore, dominant individuals probably perform dominance behaviour to test the cuticular signatures of subordinates and so better assess the chemical profiles of subordinate eggs. Finally, we provide evidence that in particular social contexts, subordinate Polistes foundresses can develop ovaries as large as those of dominant individuals but nevertheless lay very few eggs. The subordinates probably lay a limited number of eggs to avoid unnecessary energy loss, as a result of efficient queen policing, but will start laying eggs as soon as the queen fails.
Limits to vertical force and power production in bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombus impatiens)
Authors: Buchwald R. , Dudley R. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARY
Maximum vertical forces produced by flying animals can be difficult to identify unequivocally, but potentially indicate general limits to aerodynamic force and muscle power output. We used two methods (i.e. incremental addition of supplemental mass and asymptotic load lifting) to determine both the intraspecific allometry of and methodological differences in estimates of maximum flight performance for the bumblebee Bombus impatiens. We found that incremental mass addition underestimated maximum lifting capacity by approximately 18% relative to values obtained by asymptotically increasing the applied load during a lifting bout. In asymptotic loading, bumblebees lifted on average 53% of their body weight, and demonstrated a significantly negative allometry of maximum aerodynamic force production relative to thoracic muscle mass. Estimates of maximum body mass-specific mechanical power output increased intraspecifically with body mass to the 0.38–0.50 power, depending on values assumed for the profile drag coefficient. We also found a significant reduction in vertical force production when both hindwings were removed. Limits to load-lifting capacity ultimately co-occur with an upper bound on stroke amplitude (∼145 deg.). Although thoracic muscle mass showed positive allometry, overall load-lifting performance exhibited significant size-dependent degradation.
Systemic thyroid hormone is necessary and sufficient to induce ultraviolet-sensitive cone loss in the juvenile rainbow trout retina
Authors: Raine J. C. , Coffin A. B. , Hawryshyn C. W. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARY
Rainbow trout possess ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS) cones in their retina that degenerate naturally during development. This phenomenon can be induced with exogenous thyroxine [T4, a thyroid hormone (TH)] treatment. However, the previous T4 exposure experiments employed static water immersion; a method that could introduce confounding stress effects on the fish. Because of this, it was uncertain if T4 alone was sufficient to induce retinal changes or if stress-related hormones were also necessary to initiate this process. Furthermore, it was unclear whether endogenous T4 was the factor responsible for initiating natural UVS cone loss during development. The current study examined the role of systemic T4 on the juvenile rainbow trout retina using a slow-release implant. Exogenous T4 treatment resulted in SWS1 opsin downregulation and UVS cone loss after four weeks of exposure, signifying that T4 is sufficient to induce this process. Blocking endogenous T4 production with propylthiouracil (PTU, an anti-thyroid agent) attenuated SWS1 downregulation and UVS cone loss in the retina of naturally developing rainbow trout, suggesting that endogenous T4 is necessary to initiate retinal remodelling during development. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that several TH-regulating components are expressed in the trout retina, and that expression levels of the TH receptor isoform TRβ and the type 2 deiodinase (D2) change with T4 treatment. This suggests that T4 may act directly on the retina to induce UVS cone loss. Taken together, these results demonstrate that systemic TH is necessary and sufficient to induce SWS1 opsin downregulation and UVS cone loss in the retina of juvenile rainbow trout.
Oxidative stress and the effect of parasites on a carotenoid-based ornament
Authors: Mougeot F. , Martínez-Padilla J. , Blount J. D. , Pérez-Rodríguez L. , Webster L. M. I. , Piertney S. B. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYOxidative stress, the physiological condition whereby the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species overwhelms the capacity of antioxidant defences, causes damage to key bio-molecules. It has been implicated in many diseases, and is proposed as a reliable currency in the trade-off between individual health and ornamentation. Whether oxidative stress mediates the expression of carotenoid-based signals, which are among the commonest signals of many birds, fish and reptiles, remains controversial. In the present study, we explored interactions between parasites, oxidative stress and the carotenoid-based ornamentation of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. We tested whether removing nematode parasites influenced both oxidative balance (levels of oxidative damage and circulating antioxidant defences) and carotenoid-based ornamentation. At the treatment group level, parasite purging enhanced the size and colouration of ornaments but did not significantly affect circulating carotenoids, antioxidant defences or oxidative damage. However, relative changes in these traits among individuals indicated that males with a greater number of parasites prior to treatment (parasite purging) showed a greater increase in the levels of circulating carotenoids and antioxidants, and a greater decrease in oxidative damage, than those with initially fewer parasites. At the individual level, a greater increase in carotenoid pigmentation was associated with a greater reduction in oxidative damage. Therefore, an individual's ability to express a carotenoid-based ornament appeared to be linked to its current oxidative balance and susceptibility to oxidative stress. Our experimental results suggest that oxidative stress can mediate the impact of parasites on carotenoid-based signals, and we discuss possible mechanisms linking carotenoid-based ornaments to oxidative stress.
Reductive Etherification under Microfluidic Conditions: Application to Practical Synthesis of the FGHIJ-Ring System of Yessotoxin
Authors: Oishi Tohru , Imaizumi Tomoyoshi , Murata Michio 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Reductive etherification, a key reaction for constructing the H-ring in the convergent synthesis of the FGHIJ-ring system of yessotoxin, was problematic because the yield dramatically decreased upon increasing the scale of the reaction. This issue was solved by the use of a microflow reactor, and a gram scale reaction was successfully performed.
Active Control by External Factors of DNA Recognition Behavior of α-Peptide Ribonucleic Acids Containing Basic Amino Acid Residues
Authors: Wada Takehiko , Sawa Nobuya , Sato Hirofumi , Kikkawa Mayuko , Onodera Keiko , Sakamoto Seiji , Inoue Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A series of novel α-peptide ribonucleic acid (αPRNA) oligomers, possessing alternative αPRNA–Gly/Lys sequences, were newly designed, synthesized, and evaluated as the second-generation PRNA. As expected, the αPRNA with Lys formed stable sequence-specific complex with the complementary DNA, for which both the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the complementary nucleobase pairs and the electrostatic interactions between the ammonium cation on the lysine side chain and the DNA phosphate anion on the backbone are jointly responsible.
Template-based In Situ Fabrication and Melamine Sensing of Bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) Complex Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Li Xiang-Zi , Yu Rui , Wei Xian-Wen 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Parallel polycrystalline bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) complex nanorod arrays, with diameters in the range of 250–320 nm and length of 25 µm, are in situ fabricated by liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation in the pores of porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane. The prepared nanorods show an enhanced photoluminescence emission compared to submicron particles and can be used as a good melamine probe for easy and highly sensitive detection.
An Acid-stable Organoruthenium Complex Suitable as a Bidentate Building Block
Authors: Zheng Chunbai , Inoki Daisuke , Matsumoto Takahiro , Ogo Seiji 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A new, water-soluble organoruthenium(II) sulfato complex [RuII(SO4)(Bz^py)] {1, Bz^py = 2-(pentamethylbenzyl)pyridine} has been synthesized and is stable at pH from 2.0 to 8.0. This complex has a bidentate sulfato ligand as a leaving group and is a good building block for “concerto catalysis”: a new way of thinking in catalysis that bridges hetero- and homogeneous catalysis.
Belief in the obsessional doubt as a real probability and its relation to other obsessive‐compulsive beliefs and to the severity of symptomatology
Authors: Grenier Sébastien , O'Connor Kieron P. , Bélanger Claude 
Published: January 2010

Objectives. Despite the important role of doubt in understanding obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), current cognitive models of OCD usually do not separate this initial doubt from the anticipated consequence of not ritualizing. The current study evaluates belief in the obsessional doubt as a real probability as an additional cognitive dimension of obsessive‐compulsive (OC) beliefs.Methods. One hundred and fifteen participants with OCD completed four clinical scales measuring different OC beliefs in: (a) the real probability of obsessional doubt; (b) the realism of anticipated consequences; (c) the degree of conviction in the need to perform rituals; and (d) the perceived ability to resist rituals. The severity of symptomatology was also evaluated.Design. Using cross‐sectional and longitudinal data, correlational analyses were performed to determine the relationship between OC beliefs as well as to observe how these beliefs may be related to the severity of symptomatology and how they fluctuated over time. Regression analyses were also employed to verify which OC beliefs better predicted the perceived ability to resist rituals.Results. Belief in the obsessional doubt as a real probability was significantly related to other OC beliefs. Also, levels of belief for the same doubt remained stable for a period of two weeks, but different levels of belief were observed for distinct obsessional doubts measured at the same time. Finally, belief in the obsessional doubt as a real probability better predicted the perceived ability to resist rituals than other OC beliefs.Conclusions. Belief in the obsessional doubt as a real probability may be an important dimension to consider when evaluating OC beliefs in treatment resistant OCD, particularly in people who have low perceived ability to resist rituals.
Donizetti's Gothic Resurrections
Authors: Esse Melina 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The preponderance of gothic themes in Italian operas of the early nineteenth century is often cited as one of the few ways essentially conservative Italian composers flirted with the Romantic revolution sweeping the rest of Europe. By 1838, the very ubiquity of these tropes led the Venetian reviewer of Donizetti's gory Maria de Rudenz to plead “exhaustion” with the ever-present “daggers, poisons, and tombs” of the contemporary stage. Based on the French melodrama La Nonne sanglante, Donizetti's sensational opera is almost a litany of gothic tropes. The most disturbing of these is the female body that refuses to die: Maria herself, who rises from the dead to murder her innocent rival. This fleshy specter is musically rendered as a body that is too receptive to emotion, particularly to (imaginary) cries of longing or grief. Significantly, Donizetti's foray into the gothic was also distinguished by a spate of self-borrowing; his 1838 revision of the earlier Gabriella di Vergy borrows material from Maria de Rudenz. Exploring the connections between the trope of gothic resurrection and Donizetti's borrowings highlights how the two works represent a characteristic approach to the gothic, one that mingles a corporeal orientation with more familiar themes of ghostly immateriality.
Prevalence and Associated Clinical Characteristics of Behavior Problems in Constipated Children
Authors: van Dijk Marieke , Benninga Marc A. , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Last Bob F. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE:Behavior problems are common in children with functional constipation. This study assessed the prevalence of overall, internalizing, and externalizing behavior problems in children with functional constipation and explored which clinical characteristics of constipation are associated with these behavior problems.METHODS:Children who had functional constipation, were aged 4 to 18 years, and were referred to the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic at the Emma Children's Hospital were eligible for enrollment. This study made use of baseline data of 133 children who participated in a randomized, controlled trial that evaluated the clinical effectiveness of behavioral therapy compared with conventional treatment. Prevalence of behavior problems was assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the association between clinical characteristics and behavior problems.RESULTS:The prevalence rate of overall, internalizing, and externalizing behavior problems was considerable: respectively 36.8%, 36.1%, and 27.1% compared with 9% in the Dutch norm population. A long duration of treatment was found to have the strongest association with overall and externalizing behavior problems in children with constipation. Children with constipation and nighttime urinary incontinence have an increased risk for having overall behavior problems. Fecal incontinence and the production of large stools seemed to be exclusively related to externalizing behavior problems.CONCLUSIONS:Behavior problems are common in children who have constipation and are referred to gastrointestinal outpatient clinics, suggesting that a behavioral screening should be incorporated into the diagnostic workup of children with constipation.