bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical Microhemorrhage Presentation of Small Vessel Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Guo Ai , Zhang Zhe , Dong Ge‐Hong , Su Lei , Gao Chenyang , Zhang Mengting , Shi Xiaoyu , Wang Huabing , Zhang Xinghu , Lu De‐Hong , Fu Ying , Jing Jing , Shi Fu‐Dong , Tian De‐Cai 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivePrimary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare vasculitis restricted to the brain, spinal cord, and leptomeninges. This study aimed to describe the imaging characteristics of patients with small vessel PACNS (SV‐PACNS) using 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThis ongoing prospective observational cohort study included patients who met the Calabrese and Mallek criteria and underwent 7 T MRI scan. The MRI protocol includes T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient echo imaging, T2 star weighted imaging, and susceptibility‐weighted imaging. Two experienced readers independently reviewed the neuroimages. Clinical data were extracted from the electronic patient records. The findings were then applied to a cohort of patients with large vessel central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis.ResultsWe included 21 patients with SV‐PACNS from December 2021 to November 2023. Of these, 12 (57.14%) had cerebral cortical microhemorrhages with atrophy. The pattern with microhemorrhages was described in detail based on the gradient echo sequence, leading to the identification of what we have termed the “coral‐like sign.” The onset age of patients with coral‐like sign (33.83 ± 9.93 years) appeared younger than that of patients without coral‐like sign (42.11 ± 14.18 years) (P = 0.131). Furthermore, the cerebral lesions in patients with cortical microhemorrhagic SV‐PACNS showed greater propensity toward bilateral lesions (P = 0.03). The coral‐like sign was not observed in patients with large vessel CNS vasculitis.InterpretationThe key characteristics of the coral‐like sign represent cerebral cortical diffuse microhemorrhages with atrophy, which may be an important MRI pattern of SV‐PACNS. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:194–203
A Universal Self‐Propagating Synthesis of Aluminum‐Based Oxyhalide Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Simeng , Xu Yang , Wu Han , Pang Tianlu , Zhang Nian , Zhao Changtai , Yue Junyi , Fu Jiamin , Xia Shengjie , Zhu Xiangzhen , Wang Guanzhi , Duan Hui , Xiao Biwei , Mei Tao , Liang Jianwen , Sun Xueliang , Li Xiaona 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInorganic solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) play a vital role in high‐energy all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). However, the current method of SSE preparation usually involves high‐energy mechanical ball milling and/or a high‐temperature annealing process, which is not suitable for practical application. Here, a facile strategy is developed to realize the scalable synthesis of cost‐effective aluminum‐based oxyhalide SSEs, which involves a self‐propagating method by the exothermic reaction of the raw materials. This strategy enables the synthesis of various aluminum‐based oxyhalide SSEs with tunable components and high ionic conductivities (over 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C) for different cations (Li+, Na+, Ag+). It is elucidated that the amorphous matrix, which mainly consists of various oxidized chloroaluminate species that provide numerous sites for smooth ion migration, is actually the key factor for the achieved high conductivities. Benefit from their easy synthesis, low cost, and low weight, the aluminum‐based oxyhalide SSEs synthesized by our approach could further promote practical application of high‐energy‐density ASSBs.
Planar Tetranuclear Uranium Hydride Cluster Supported by ansa‐Bis(cyclopentadienyl) Ligands
Authors: Li Kai , del Rosal Iker , Zhao Yue , Maron Laurent , Zhu Congqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolynuclear metal hydride clusters play important roles in various catalytic processes, with most of the reported polynuclear metal hydride clusters adopting a polyhedral three‐dimensional structure. Herein, we report the first example of a planar tetranuclear uranium hydride cluster [(CpCMe2CMe2Cp)U]4(μ2‐H)4(μ3‐H)4 (U4H8). It was synthesized by reacting an ansa‐bis(cyclopentadienyl) ligand‐supported uranium chloride precursor [(CpCMe2CMe2Cp)U]3(μ2‐Cl)3(μ3‐Cl)2 with NaHBEt3. The presence of hydrides in U4H8 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and its reactivity with phenol and carbon tetrachloride. DFT calculations also facilitated the determination of the hydrides’ positions in U4H8, featuring four bridging μ2‐H ligands and four face‐capping μ3‐H ligands, with the four U centers arranged in a rhombic geometry. The U4H8 represents not only the first example of planar polynuclear actinide metal hydride cluster but also the uranium hydride cluster with the highest nuclearity reported to date.
Design of Solid Polycationic Electrolyte to Enable Durable Chloride‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Xu , Fu Zhiqiang , Han Ran , Lei Yaojie , Wang Shijian , Zhao Xin , Meng Yuefeng , Liu Hao , Zhou Dong , Aurbach Doron , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe high energy density and cost‐effectiveness of chloride‐ion batteries (CIBs) make them promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries. However, the development of CIBs is greatly restricted by the lack of compatible electrolytes to support cost‐effective anodes. Herein, we present a rationally designed solid polycationic electrolyte (SPE) to enable room‐temperature chloride‐ion batteries utilizing aluminum (Al) metal as an anode. This SPE endows the CIB configuration with improved air stability and safety (i.e. free of flammability and liquid leakage). A high ionic conductivity (1.3×10−2 S cm−1 at 25 °C) has been achieved by the well‐tailored coordination structure of the SPE. Meanwhile, the solid polycationic electrolyte ensures stable electrodes|electrolyte interfaces, which effectively inhibit the growth of dendrites on the Al anodes and degradation of the FeOCl cathodes. The Al|SPE|FeOCl chloride‐ion batteries showcased a high discharge capacity around 250 mAh g−1 (based on the cathodes) and extended lifespan. Our electrolyte design opens a new avenue for developing low‐cost chloride‐ion batteries.
Revealing Na+‐coordination induced Failure Mechanism of Metal Sulfide Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Yuchen , Sun Jun , Zhang Yunsheng , Qu Wei , Wang Weichao , Yao Meng , Zhang Yun , Wang Qian , Tang Yongfu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal sulfide (MS) is regarded as a promising candidate of the anode materials for sodium‐ion battery (SIB) with ideal capacity and low cost, yet still suffers from the inferior cycling stability and voltage degradation. Herein, the coordination relationship between the discharge product Na2S with the Na+ (NaPF6) in the electrolyte, is revealed as the root cause for the cycling failure of MS. Na+‐coordination effect assistants the dissolution of Na2S, further delocalizing Na2S from the reaction interface under the function of electric field, which leads to the solo oxidation of the discharge product element metal without the participation of Na2S. Besides, the higher highest occupied molecular orbital of Na2S suggest the facilitated Na2S solo oxidation to produce sodium polysulfides (NaPSs). Based on these, lowering the Na+ concentration of the electrolyte is proposed as a potential improvement strategy to change the coordination environment of Na2S, suppressing the side reactions of the solo‐oxidation of element metal and Na2S. Consequently, the enhanced conversion reaction reversibility and prolonged cycle life are achieved. This work renders in‐depth perception of failure mechanism and inspiration for realizing advanced conversion‐type anode.
Insights into E. coli Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase (CFAS) Towards Enantioselective Carbene Free Biocatalytic Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Omar Iman , Crotti Michele , Li Chuhan , Pisak Krisztina , Czemerys Blazej , Ferla Salvatore , van Noord Aster , Paul Caroline E. , Karu Kersti , Ozbalci Cagakan , Eggert Ulrike , Lloyd Richard , Barry Sarah M. , Castagnolo Daniele 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCyclopropane fatty acid synthases (CFAS) are a class of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferase enzymes able to catalyse the cyclopropanation of unsaturated phospholipids. Since CFAS enzymes employ SAM as a methylene source to cyclopropanate alkene substrates, they have the potential to be mild and more sustainable biocatalysts for cyclopropanation transformations than current carbene‐based approaches. This work describes the characterisation of E. coli CFAS (ecCFAS) and its exploitation in the stereoselective biocatalytic synthesis of cyclopropyl lipids. ecCFAS was found to convert phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to methyl dihydrosterculate 1 with up to 58 % conversion and 73 % ee and the absolute configuration (9S,10R) was established. Substrate tolerance of ecCFAS was found to be correlated with the electronic properties of phospholipid headgroups and for the first time ecCFAS was found to catalyse cyclopropanation of both phospholipid chains to form dicyclopropanated products. In addition, mutagenesis and in silico experiments were carried out to identify the enzyme residues with key roles in catalysis and to provide structural insights into the lipid substrate preference of ecCFAS. Finally, the biocatalytic synthesis of methyl dihydrosterculate 1 and its deuterated analogue was also accomplished combining recombinant ecCFAS with the SAM regenerating AtHMT enzyme in the presence of CH3I and CD3I respectively.
Motor difficulties in 16p11.2 copy number variation
Authors: Jutla Amandeep , Harvey Loraine , Veenstra‐VanderWeele Jeremy , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe rare genetic variants 16p11.2 duplication and 16p11.2 deletion have opposing effects on brain structure and function, yet are associated with broadly similar clinical phenotypes that include autism, intellectual impairment, psychiatric illness, and motor difficulties. In recent years, studies have identified subtle distinctions between the phenotypic effects of 16p11.2 duplication and 16p11.2 deletion with respect to patterns of autism, intellectual impairment, and psychiatric illness. However, although divergent phenotypic findings in some motor domains have been reported, no study has yet made a comprehensive comparison of motor difficulties between 16p11.2 deletion and 16p11.2 duplication carriers to elucidate points of convergence and divergence. We sought to make such a comparison in a group of 133 16p11.2 deletion carriers, 122 duplication carriers, and 388 familial controls, hypothesizing that motor impairment would overall be greater in deletion than duplication carriers. In a series of regression models, we found that 16p11.2 deletion status tended to predict greater impairment along indices of gross motor function, but less impairment along indices of fine motor function. These findings point to a potential pattern of performance difficulties that could be investigated in future studies. Elucidating motor differences between 16p11.2 duplication and 16p11.2 deletion carriers may help in understanding the complex effect of 16p11.2 copy number variation and other rare genetic causes of autism.
Evaluation of Botox treatment in patients with chronic scrotal pain: Protocol for a randomized double‐blinded control trial
Authors: Schiellerup Nicolai Skov , Kobberø Hanne , Andersen Karin , Poulsen Charlotte Aaberg , Poulsen Mads Hvid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic scrotal pain is a common condition with a prevalence of 2.5–4.8% in male outpatients. Up to 40% of these patients report depressive symptoms and many feel isolated. Minimal invasive treatment is lacking, while spermatic cord injections of Botox® (BTX) have been proposed to offer long‐term pain relief.Study DesignThis research protocol comprises a prospective multicentre, randomized, double‐blinded clinical trial drawing patients from other urological departments in the region of Southern Denmark.End PointsThe primary end point will be reduction in pain evaluated by visual analogue score for pain at 3 months. Secondary end point will be length of effect of BTX injections along with changes in quality of life.Patients and MethodsThe study will include 50 patients for randomization to either spermatic cord block with 100 IE BTX or sterile saline. All patients will prior to randomization undergo physical examination and will be asked to fulfil multiple questionnaires regarding pain and impact in daily life, that is, (1) visual analogue score for pain, (2) quality of life (EQ‐5D‐5L), (3) Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH‐CPSI), (4) ICD‐10 depression questionnaire (MDI), (5) Likert global assessment scale, and (6) International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire. Physical examination and fulfilment of the questionnaires will be repeated multiple times throughout the study period of 12 weeks. After this time point, patients will be unblinded, and the control arm will be given the opportunity of cross‐over.
Multivariate data analysis of process parameters affecting the growth and productivity of stable Chinese hamster ovary cell pools expressing SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein as vaccine antigen in early process development
Authors: Reyes Sebastian‐Juan , Lemire Lucas , Molina Raul‐Santiago , Roy Marjolaine , L'Ecuyer‐Coelho Helene , Martynova Yuliya , Cass Brian , Voyer Robert , Durocher Yves , Henry Olivier , Pham Phuong Lan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe recent COVID‐19 pandemic revealed an urgent need to develop robust cell culture platforms which can react rapidly to respond to this kind of global health issue. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) stable pools can be a vital alternative to quickly provide gram amounts of recombinant proteins required for early‐phase clinical assays. In this study, we analyze early process development data of recombinant trimeric spike protein Cumate‐inducible manufacturing platform utilizing CHO stable pool as a preferred production host across three different stirred‐tank bioreactor scales (0.75, 1, and 10 L). The impact of cell passage number as an indicator of cell age, methionine sulfoximine (MSX) concentration as a selection pressure, and cell seeding density was investigated using stable pools expressing three variants of concern. Multivariate data analysis with principal component analysis and batch‐wise unfolding technique was applied to evaluate the effect of critical process parameters on production variability and a random forest (RF) model was developed to forecast protein production. In order to further improve process understanding, the RF model was analyzed with Shapley value dependency plots so as to determine what ranges of variables were most associated with increased protein production. Increasing longevity, controlling lactate build‐up, and altering pH deadband are considered promising approaches to improve overall culture outcomes. The results also demonstrated that these pools are in general stable expressing similar level of spike proteins up to cell passage 11 (~31 cell generations). This enables to expand enough cells required to seed large volume of 200–2000 L bioreactor.
α‐Hederin induces paraptosis by targeting GPCRs to activate Ca2+/MAPK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Rao Xiwu , Li Ziwen , Zhang Qinchang , Lai Yueyang , Liu Jianrong , Li Liu , Cheng Haibo , Shen Weixing , Sun Dongdong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNon‐apoptotic cell death is presently emerging as a potential direction to overcome the apoptosis resistance of cancer cells. In the current study, a natural plant agent α‐hederin (α‐hed) induces caspase‐independent paraptotic modes of cell death.PurposeThe present study is aimed to investigate the role of α‐hed induces paraptosis and the associated mechanism of it.MethodsThe cell proliferation was detected by CCK‐8. The cytoplasm organelles were observed under electron microscope. Calcium (Ca2+) level was detected by flow cytometry. Swiss Target Prediction tool analyzed the potential molecule targets of α‐hed. Molecular docking methods were used to evaluate binding abilities of α‐hed with targets. The expressions of genes and proteins were analyzed by RT‐qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Xenograft models in nude mice were established to evaluate the anticancer effects in vivo.Resultsα‐hed exerted significant cytotoxicity against a panel of CRC cell lines by inhibiting proliferation. Besides, it induced cytoplasmic vacuolation in all CRC cells. Electron microscopy images showed the aberrant dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Both mRNA and protein expressions of Alg‐2 interacting proteinX (Alix), the marker of paraptosis, were inhibited by α‐hed. Besides, both Swiss prediction and molecular docking showed that the structure of α‐hed could tightly target to GPCRs. GPCRs were reported to activate the phospholipase C (PLC)‐β3/ inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)/ Ca2+/ protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) pathway, and we then found all proteins and mRNA expressions of PLCβ3, IP3R, and PKCα were increased by α‐hed. After blocking the GPCR signaling, α‐hed could not elevate Ca2+ level and showed less CRC cell cytotoxicity. MAPK cascade is the symbol of paraptosis, and we then demonstrated that α‐hed activated MAPK cascade by elevating Ca2+ flux. Since non‐apoptotic cell death is presently emerging as a potential direction to overcome chemo‐drug resistance, we then found α‐hed also induced paraptosis in 5‐fluorouracil‐resistant (5‐FU‐R) CRC cells, and it reduced the growth of 5‐FU‐R CRC xenografts.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings proved α‐hed as a promising candidate for inducing non‐apoptotic cell death, paraptosis. It may overcome the resistance of apoptotic‐based chemo‐resistance in CRC.
Synthesis of Novel 4‐Acyloxy‐2′‐Bromo‐6′‐Chloropodophyllotoxin Derivatives Displaying Significant Insecticidal Activity Against Mythimna Separata
Authors: Tian Yuee , Ma Shiyue , Liu Yibo , Li Yan , Chen Genqiang , Che Zhiping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to explore novel natural product‐based insecticidal agent, two important intermediates (2 and 3) and 4‐acyloxy‐2′‐bromo‐6′‐chloropodophyllotoxin derivatives (4 a–f and 5 a–f) were designed and prepared, and their structures were confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, ESI‐MS, optical rotation and melting point (mp). The stereochemical configuration of compound 4 b was unambiguously confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of target compounds 4 a–f and 5 a–f against a serious agricultural pest of Mythimna separata by using the leaf‐dipping method. Among all tested compounds, compounds 4 d, 5 d and 5 f exhibited stronger insecticidal activity with a final mortality rate exceeding 60 %. Especially compound 5 d exhibited the best insecticidal activity, with a final mortality rate of 74.1 %. It has been proven that introducing bromine or chlorine atoms at the C‐2′, C‐2′ and C‐6′ positions of the E ring of podophyllotoxin can produce more potent compounds. In addition, the configuration of the C‐4 position is important for insecticidal activity, and 4β‐configuration is optimal. This will pave the way for further design, structural modification, and development of derivatives of podophyllotoxin as insecticidal agents.
Navigating challenges in diagnosing acquired hemophilia A: A case report from Syria
Authors: Nayouf Oubai , Laflouf Miriam , Hamdan Ibrahim , Alghazawi Ibrahim , Aldairi Omar , Sulaiman Ameen 
Published: April 2024

Key clinical messageAcquired hemophilia A is a rare bleeding disorder. Rapid diagnosis with prolonged aPTT and low FVIII, and immediate use of bypassing agents and steroids are crucial for better outcomes, highlighting the importance of early recognition and management.
Prenatal discovery of a testicular mass: A rare silver lining to timely management of giant congenital inguinal hernia
Authors: Bin Vissotsak , Bin Sakviseth 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessagePrenatal diagnosis of inguinal hernia is significant for preparing postnatal management to ensure timely surgical interventions. Early recognition through physical examination after birth is easy and vital to confirm the post‐natal diagnosis.
Organo‐Soluble Colloidal MoS2 Quantum Dots (QDs) as an Efficient Photocatalyst for α‐Amino Phosphonate Synthesis
Authors: Kayal Abir , De Mrinmoy 
Published: April 2024

Abstractα‐Amino phosphonates are bio‐isosteres of amino acids and have numerous biochemical activities. While they are generally prepared via carbon–phosphorus bond formation using a plethora of methods but using recyclable photo‐catalysts and readily accessible amine and phosphites are not commonly used in synthesis. Herein, we used organo‐soluble MoS2 Quantum Dots (QDs) as an exceptionally efficient nano‐photocatalyst for the synthesis of α‐amino phosphonates. Our approach emphasizes on photocatalysis within organic media, providing a facile and effective method for conducting these intricate organic conversions under mild conditions. This straightforward process harnesses the power of molecular oxygen (O2) as an oxidizing agent. To elaborate, our method is intricately guided by the inherent capability of MoS2 QDs to enter an excited state upon absorption of blue light. This excited state bears appropriate potential energy to initiate the formation of reactive iminium ion species from N‐phenyl benzylamine, thus driving the desired product formation. Mechanistic analysis has also unveiled the pivotal role of MoS2 QDs in generating reactive superoxide radicals from O2 through single electron transfer (SET), underscoring their significance in the process. Remarkably, this photocatalytic transformation furnishes a diverse array of functionalized products, expanding its applicability and potential implications in various contexts.
Rational design of diamond through microstructure engineering: From synthesis to applications
Authors: Ku Yalun , Huang Wentao , Li Xing , Wan Li , Zhang Kuikui , Yan Longbin , Guo Ying , Cheng Shaobo , Shan Chongxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiamond possesses excellent thermal conductivity and tunable bandgap. Currently, the high‐pressure, high‐temperature, and chemical vapor deposition methods are the most promising strategies for the commercial‐scale production of synthetic diamond. Although diamond has been extensively employed in jewelry and cutting/grinding tasks, the realization of its high‐end applications through microstructure engineering has long been sought. Herein, we discuss the microstructures encountered in diamond and further concentrate on cutting‐edge investigations utilizing electron microscopy techniques to illuminate the transition mechanism between graphite and diamond during the synthesis and device constructions. The impacts of distinct microstructures on the electrical applications of diamond, especially the photoelectrical, electrical, and thermal properties, are elaborated. The recently reported elastic and plastic deformations revealed through in situ microscopy techniques are also summarized. Finally, the limitations, perspectives, and corresponding solutions are proposed.