bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISMRM workshop on fat–water separation: Insights, applications and progress in MRI
Authors: Hu Houchun Harry , Börnert Peter , Hernando Diego , Kellman Peter , Ma Jingfei , Reeder Scott , Sirlin Claude 
Published: June 2012

AbstractApproximately 130 attendees convened on February 19–22, 2012 for the first ISMRM‐sponsored workshop on water–fat imaging. The motivation to host this meeting was driven by the increasing number of research publications on this topic over the past decade. The scientific program included an historical perspective and a discussion of the clinical relevance of water–fat MRI, a technical description of multiecho pulse sequences, a review of data acquisition and reconstruction algorithms, a summary of the confounding factors that influence quantitative fat measurements and the importance of MRI‐based biomarkers, a description of applications in the heart, liver, pancreas, abdomen, spine, pelvis, and muscles, an overview of the implications of fat in diabetes and obesity, a discussion on MR spectroscopy, a review of childhood obesity, the efficacy of lifestyle interventional studies, and the role of brown adipose tissue, and an outlook on federal funding opportunities from the National Institutes of Health. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between urinary bladder control and gait in women
Authors: Booth Joanne , Paul Lorna , Rafferty Danny , MacInnes Carolyn 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimsUrinary incontinence and OAB are associated with increased falls risk in older people suggesting a potential relationship between bladder functioning and control of gait. To begin to understand the possible interaction between gait and bladder control this exploratory study aimed to examine the effects of controlling the bladder on gait parameters in healthy adult women.MethodsThirty‐six continent women (mean age 50.8 ± 15.8 years), participated in this observational cohort study. Subjects walked three times along an electronic walkway under three different bladder conditions; first desire to void (FDV), strong desire to void (SDV), and post void (PV). Spatial and temporal parameters of gait and continence status were recorded for each condition.ResultsA significant reduction in gait velocity (P < 0.025) was found at the SDV compared with the PV condition. Stride length decreased significantly (P < 0.001) at the SDV compared with the FDV and PV conditions. No significant differences were found between FDV and PV conditions. In addition, the variability of gait increased significantly with respect to cadence (P < 0.05) and stride times (P < 0.05) at the SDV compared to the PV condition. This was not observed between the FDV and the PV conditions, nor the FDV and the SDV.ConclusionIn healthy continent women, speed and rhythmicity of gait are different when a strong desire to void is experienced. This suggests an interaction may exist between urinary bladder control and control of gait. Further investigation is necessary to understand this relationship and begin to explain the increased risk of falls associated with urinary bladder functioning. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 43–47, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The epidemiology of hepatoblastoma
Authors: Spector Logan G. , Birch Jill 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFew causes of hepatoblastoma have been conclusively identified, mainly due to the extreme rarity of the disease. Inherited conditions including Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome dramatically raise risk of hepatoblastoma but account for few cases overall. A small number of case–control studies investigating risk factors for sporadic hepatoblastoma have been conducted to date. Although most of these studies feature fewer than 200 cases, several clues have emerged. Most notably there is a roughly 20‐fold increased risk of hepatoblastoma among children with very low birth weight (<1,500 g) and a doubling of risk among those with moderately low birth weight (1,500–2,500 g). A modicum of evidence points to a possible role of parental tobacco use prior to or during pregnancy in the causation of hepatoblastoma as well. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 776–779. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the structural and optical properties of gold–polyaniline nanocomposite synthesized via a novel route
Authors: Anand P. B. , Hasna K. , Anilkumar K. M. , Jayalekshmi S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGold nanoparticle embedded polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization of monomer aniline. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform IR techniques were used to establish the structure of the gold–PANI composite. UV–visible absorption studies have shown that, along with the normal absorption peak of polyaniline, the composite has an absorption peak characterized by surface plasmon resonance. The presence of surface plasmon resonance is a signature of the nano size of the gold particles embedded in the PANI. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) has revealed the elemental composition of the composite sample quantitatively. Raman spectroscopy studies have strengthened the presence of plasmon resonance. Single‐beam Z‐scan results confirm the third‐order optical nonlinearity associated with the nanocomposite. The present investigations show that gold nanoparticle embedded PANI composite can be of potential application in the fields of both linear and nonlinear optics. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Heterogeneous and homogeneous structure dextran–poly(methacrylic acid) interpenetrating network hydrogels: synthesis and an application study
Authors: Ekici Sema 
Published: June 2012

AbstractpH‐sensitive dextran–poly(methacrylic acid) (Dext–pMeAc) full interpenetrating network hydrogels (INHs) were prepared by simultaneous radical polymerization of methacrylic acid monomer (MeAc) and Dext polymer chains in the presence of N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker in aqueous solution. These hydrogels were investigated as a drug carrier. The influence of MeAc and MBA contents in the network hydrogels on the swelling behaviour and mechanical strength of prepared Dext–pMeAc INHs was evaluated. Dext–pMeAc INHs were characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and kinetic swelling measurements were carried out in deionized water and in simulated gastric fluids (pH 1.1 and pH 7.4). Dext–pMeAc/1‐1, Dext–pMeAc/3‐1 and Dext–pMeAc/5‐1 hydrogels with molar ratios of nDext/nMeAc = 10 and nMBA/nDext = 10, 30 and 50 respectively showed a core–shell structure when they swelled. This phenomenon was not observed in Dext–pMeAc/5‐2, Dext–pMeAc/5‐3 and Dext–pMeAc/5‐5 hydrogels containing a higher amount of Dext in the gels. The swelling data proved the formation of INHs with pH‐sensitive behaviour. A drug release study was performed using Rhodamine 6G fluorescent dye as a model hydrophilic bioactive molecule. The in vitro release rate of Rhodamine 6G from Dext–pMeAc/5‐3 hydrogel was dependent on the pH of the release medium. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel carbon‐nanotube‐based organogels as candidates for oil recovery
Authors: Pourjavadi Ali , Doulabi Malihe , Soleyman Rouhollah 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA simple method for synthesis of novel organogels based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is reported. Three classes of organogels were synthesized by crosslinking polymerization of dodecyl methacrylate with various weight percentages of 1,4‐butanediol dimethacrylate, vinyl‐group‐modified MWCNTs or pristine MWCNTs in the presence of 2,2‐azoisobutyronitrile as initiator. In this reaction, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) served simultaneously as an adsorbent, a comonomer and a crosslinking agent. The oil‐absorbent containing CNTs showed much higher swelling capacity in oil and organic solvents compared with that without CNTs. Therefore, CNT‐based organogels can be introduced as a promising candidate for environmental protection and oil recovery. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of Pyrogenic Powders with Conventional Particle Sizing Technique: I. Prediction of Measured Size Distributions
Authors: Babick Frank , Schießl Karin , Stintz Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPyrogenic powders consist of fractal like aggregates with nanosized primary particles. The formation of such aggregates, their hydrodynamic behavior and their optical properties are in principle well understood. Even so, there is only little experience in interpreting results from particle sizing of such materials. Dramatic differences in size distribution obtained from different measurement techniques give frequently rise to confusion on the “true” aggregate size. However, such differences can be attributed to the different particle properties used for size measurement and to the different types of quantities, by which the frequency of the individual size fractions are weighted. For two conventional sizing techniques, Dynamic Light Scattering and Optical Centrifugation Analysis, the influence of the structural properties on the relevant optical and hydrodynamic aggregate properties is discussed on the basis of virtual aggregates as well as of empirical data for pyrogenic powders. Finally measurable size distributions are predicted in a case study.
The implicit communication of nature of science and epistemology during inquiry discussion
Authors: Oliveira Alandeom W. , Akerson Valarie L. , Colak Huseyin , Pongsanon Khemmawadee , Genel Abdulkadir 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study explores how elementary teachers and students use hedges (tentative words such as maybe) and boosters (expressions of certainty such as clearly and obviously) during science inquiry discussions. Drawing upon semiotic theory, we examine explicit thematic patterns (semantic meaning relations among science concepts) as well as hidden social, nature of science (NOS), and epistemological meanings co‐constructed and communicated by teachers and students. It was found that a kindergarten teacher's discussion was mostly unhedged and boosted (absolutely), with the use of hedges (may, might, could) limited to an unexpected encounter with an undeveloped egg toward the end of the lesson. In contrast, a fourth‐grade teacher's discussion was predominantly hedged, with the use of boosters limited to isolated episodes concerning the nature of scientific inquiry and experimental variables. Unhedged and boosted communication led to the co‐construction of an unproblematic or factual body of scientific knowledge (transitivity, circumstantial, and nominal meanings), whereas hedged communication produced a problematic or tentative body of scientific knowledge (logical and taxonomic meanings). It is emphasized that unproblematic knowledge communication may be paralleled by NOS miscommunication. We argue that teachers should be provided with professional development that can increase their awareness of the risk of NOS miscommunication. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:652–684, 2012
Thinking inside the box? Intellectual structure of the knowledge base of innovation research (1988–2008)
Authors: Shafique Muhammad 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInnovation is becoming increasingly popular as a concept as well as a field of research. As a field, it has accumulated a significant amount of scientific knowledge. Based on bibliometric data from four major social science disciplines—economics, sociology, psychology, and management—this study presents a ‘global view’ of the field by combining longitudinal and structural perspectives. It identifies major research traditions in the field, determines the content and disciplinary composition of each tradition, and maps the changes in the intellectual structure of the field over time. The study suggests that innovation research is becoming increasingly compartmentalized between economics and management disciplines and each segment is becoming increasingly self‐contained. A strategy along with a framework is suggested for making research contribution to the field. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel particle swarm optimization method based on quantum mechanics computation for thermal economic load dispatch problem
Authors: Chakraborty Shantanu , Senjyu Tomonobu , Yousuf Saber Ahmed , Yona Atsushi , Funabashi Toshihisa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient strategy to solve the thermal economic load dispatch (ELD) problem by considering several aspects of ELD. ELD performs an important role in the economical operation of power system, which essentially involves nonlinearity according to the characteristics of the generators. The complexity is amplified when the generators' prohibited zones and valve‐point effect are considered, which makes ELD a nonconvex and nonsmooth problem. The strategy employs a mechanism involving a quantum mechanics‐inspired particle swarm optimization (QMPSO). The conventional PSO is modified by integrating quantum mechanical theory which redefines the particles' positions and velocities in a dynamic manner and therefore explores more search space. The QMPSO employs a multipopulation‐based scheme which ensures particle movement and avoids premature convergence at the same time. Moreover, in order to diversify the particles, a dynamic mutation operator is introduced in the proposed method. Such features deliver a fine balance between the local and global searching abilities. Simulations are carried out by considering several cases of thermal units of varying combinations of system configurations such as with and without the valve point, with and without network loss, and for one or several hours of load demand. The results are quite promising and effective compared with several benchmark methods. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Biohydrogen production by dark fermentation
Authors: Khanna Namita , Das Debabrata 
Published: June 2012

Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative because it can be derived from a renewable energy sources and used in fuel cells with high efficiency and thus appears as the most promising alternative to fossil fuels. Among the various biological processes known to produce biohydrogen, dark fermentation offers an excellent potential for practical application such as treatment of organic wastes. However, commercialization of the process depends on advances in bioprocess design and optimization along with an understanding of the structure of biohydrogen producing communities and their improvement. The present paper highlights the major factors affecting biohydrogen production as well as the importance of consortium development and molecular understanding of the microorganisms involved in the process toward the realization of a stable hydrogen economy. Further, technological advancements based on improved bioreactor designs and integrated systems based on process economy have been discussed. Based on the recent research on dark fermentative hydrogen production, several new findings and achievements in the field have been highlighted.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
MRI of the lung (1/3): methods
Authors: Wild J. M. , Marshall H. , Bock M. , Schad L. R. , Jakob P. M. , Puderbach M. , Molinari F. , Van Beek E. J. R. , Biederer J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractProton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently emerged as a clinical tool to image the lungs. This paper outlines the current technical aspects of MRI pulse sequences, radiofrequency (RF) coils and MRI system requirements needed for imaging the pulmonary parenchyma and vasculature. Lung MRI techniques are presented as a “technical toolkit”, from which MR protocols will be composed in the subsequent papers for comprehensive imaging of lung disease and function (parts 2 and 3). This paper is pitched at MR scientists, technicians and radiologists who are interested in understanding and establishing lung MRI methods. Images from a 1.5 T scanner are used for illustration of the sequences and methods that are highlighted.Main Messages• Outline of the hardware and pulse sequence requirements for proton lung MRI• Overview of pulse sequences for lung parenchyma, vascular and functional imaging with protons• Demonstration of the pulse-sequence building blocks for clinical lung MRI protocols
Incidence and risk factors for H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza infection in flocks of apparently clinically healthy ducks
Authors: HENNING J. , MORTON J. M. , WIBAWA H. , YULIANTO D. , USMAN T. B. , PRIJONO W. , JUNAIDI A. , MEERS J. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYA prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 96 smallholder duck farms in Indonesia over a period of 14 months in 2007 and 2008 to monitor bird- and flock-level incidence rates of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection in duck flocks, and to identify risk factors associated with these flocks becoming H5 seropositive. Flocks that scavenged around neighbouring houses within the village were at increased risk of developing H5 antibodies, as were flocks from which carcases of birds that died during the 2 months between visits were consumed by the family. Duck flock confinement overnight on the farm and sudden deaths of birds between visits were associated with lower risk of the flock developing H5 antibodies. Scavenging around neighbouring houses and non-confinement overnight are likely to be causal risk factors for infection. With this study we have provided insights into farm-level risk factors of HPAI virus introduction into duck flocks. Preventive messages based on these risk factors should be included in HPAI awareness programmes.
Comparison of a possession score and a poverty index in predicting anaemia and undernutrition in pre-school children and women of reproductive age in rural and urban Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Rohner Fabian , Tschannen Andres B , Northrop-Clewes Christine , Kouassi-Gohou Valérie , Bosso Patrice E , Nicholas Mascie-Taylor C G 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a possession score or a poverty index best predicts undernutrition and anaemia in women of reproductive age (15–49 years; WRA) and children aged 6–59 months living in Côte d'Ivoire.DesignAnthropometric measurements were converted to Z-scores to assess stunting, wasting and underweight in children, and converted to BMI in WRA. A venous blood sample was drawn, and Hb concentration and Plasmodium spp. infection were determined. A possession score was generated with categories of zero to four possessions. A five-point (quintile) poverty index using household assets was created using principal component analysis. These socio-economic measures were compared for their ability to predict anaemia and malnutrition.SettingData were from a nationally representative survey conducted in Côte d'Ivoire in 2007.SubjectsA sample of 768 WRA and 717 children aged 6–59 months was analysed.ResultsOverall, 74·9 % of children and 50·2 % of WRA were anaemic; 39·5 % of the children were stunted, 28·1 % underweight and 12·8 % wasted, while 7·4 % of WRA had BMI < 18·5 kg/m2. In general, there were more stunted and underweight children and thin WRA in rural areas. The poverty index showed a stronger relationship with nutritional status than the possession score; mean Hb difference between the poorest and wealthiest quintiles in children and WRA was 8·2 g/l and 6·5 g/l, respectively (13·9 % and 19·8 % difference in anaemia, respectively; P < 0·001), and Z-scores and BMI were significantly better in the wealthiest quintile (P < 0·001).ConclusionsThe poverty index was generally a better predictor of undernutrition in WRA and pre-school children than the possession score.
Anions dramatically enhance proton transfer through aqueous interfaces
Authors: Mishra Himanshu , Enami Shinichi , Nielsen Robert J. , Hoffmann Michael R. , Goddard William A. , Colussi Agustín J. 
Published: June 2012

Proton transfer (PT) through and across aqueous interfaces is a fundamental process in chemistry and biology. Notwithstanding its importance, it is not generally realized that interfacial PT is quite different from conventional PT in bulk water. Here we show that, in contrast with the behavior of strong nitric acid in aqueous solution, gas-phase HNO
3
does not dissociate upon collision with the surface of water unless a few ions (> 1 per 10
6
H
2
O) are present. By applying online electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to monitor in situ the surface of aqueous jets exposed to HNO
3(g)
beams we found that

production increases dramatically on > 30-μM inert electrolyte solutions. We also performed quantum mechanical calculations confirming that the sizable barrier hindering HNO
3
dissociation on the surface of small water clusters is drastically lowered in the presence of anions. Anions electrostatically assist in drawing the proton away from

lingering outside the cluster, whose incorporation is hampered by the energetic cost of opening a cavity therein. Present results provide both direct experimental evidence and mechanistic insights on the counterintuitive slowness of PT at water-hydrophobe boundaries and its remarkable sensitivity to electrostatic effects.
synbreed: a framework for the analysis of genomic prediction data using R
Authors: Wimmer Valentin , Albrecht Theresa , Auinger Hans-Jürgen , Schön Chris-Carolin 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Summary: We present a novel R package named synbreed to derive genome-based predictions from high-throughput genotyping and large-scale phenotyping data. The package contains a comprehensive collection of functions required to fit and cross-validate genomic prediction models. All functions are embedded within the framework of a single, unified data object. Thereby a versatile genomic prediction analysis pipeline covering data processing, visualization and analysis is established within one software package. The implementation is flexible with respect to a wide range of data formats and models. The package fills an existing gap in the availability of user-friendly software for next-generation genetics research and education.
Availability: synbreed is open-source and available through CRAN http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/synbreed. The latest development version is available from R-Forge. The package synbreed is released with a vignette, a manual and three large-scale example datasets (from package synbreedData).
Contact: chris.schoen@wzw.tum.de
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SAAP-RRBS: streamlined analysis and annotation pipeline for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing
Authors: Sun Zhifu , Baheti Saurabh , Middha Sumit , Kanwar Rahul , Zhang Yuji , Li Xing , Beutler Andreas S. , Klee Eric , Asmann Yan W. , Thompson E. Aubrey , Kocher Jean-Pierre A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Summary: Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) is a cost-effective approach for genome-wide methylation pattern profiling. Analyzing RRBS sequencing data is challenging and specialized alignment/mapping programs are needed. Although such programs have been developed, a comprehensive solution that provides researchers with good quality and analyzable data is still lacking. To address this need, we have developed a Streamlined Analysis and Annotation Pipeline for RRBS data (SAAP-RRBS) that integrates read quality assessment/clean-up, alignment, methylation data extraction, annotation, reporting and visualization. This package facilitates a rapid transition from sequencing reads to a fully annotated CpG methylation report to biological interpretation.
Availability and implementation: SAAP-RRBS is freely available to non-commercial users at the web site http://ndc.mayo.edu/mayo/research/biostat/stand-alone-packages.cfm.
Contact: baheti.saurabh@mayo.edu or sun.zhifu@mayo.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.