bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Extended and Improved Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) Period of Record
Authors: Semunegus Hilawe , Berg Wesley , Bates John J. , Knapp Kenneth R. , Kummerow Christian 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center has served as the archive of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data from the F-8, F-10, F-11, F-13, F-14, and F-15 platforms covering the period from July 1987 to the present. Passive microwave satellite measurements from SSM/I have been used to generate climate products in support of national and international programs. The SSM/I temperature data record (TDR) and sensor data record (SDR) datasets have been reprocessed and stored as network Common Data Form (netCDF) 3-hourly files. In addition to reformatting the data, a normalized anomaly (z score) for each footprint temperature value was calculated by subtracting each radiance value with the corresponding monthly 1° grid climatological mean and dividing it by the associated climatological standard deviation. Threshold checks were also used to detect radiance, temporal, and geolocation values that were outside the expected ranges. The application of z scores and threshold parameters in the form of embedded quality flags has improved the fidelity of the SSM/I TDR/SDR period of record for climatological applications. This effort has helped to preserve and increase the data maturity level of the longest satellite passive microwave period of record while completing a key first step before developing a homogenized and intercalibrated SSM/I climate data record in the near future.
Extracting Meaningful Information from Uncalibrated Backscattered Echo Intensity Data
Authors: Gostiaux Louis , van Haren Hans 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The authors present an original method for the analysis of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) echo intensity profiles measured in the ocean, especially when no calibration has been performed. This study is based on data from Teledyne RD Instrument acoustic profilers but provides a methodology that can be extended to other kinds of hardware. To correctly interpret data for which the signal-to-noise ratio is below a factor of 10, the authors propose isolating the backscattered signal from noise in arithmetic space before resolving the sonar equation and compensating for transmission loss in logarithmic space. The robustness of the method is shown for several independent datasets from the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. Estimation of sediment concentration, planktonic migrations, or air bubbles is now possible at less than 10 dB above noise level, which can concern half of the ADCP’s range under common circumstances.
Functional characterization of alloreactive T cells identifies CD25 and CD71 as optimal targets for a clinically applicable allodepletion strategy
Authors: Samarasinghe Sujith , Mancao Christoph , Pule Martin , Nawroly Niga , Karlsson Helen , Brewin Jennifer , Openshaw Peter , Gaspar H. Bobby , Veys Paul , Amrolia Persis J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImmunotherapy with allodepleted donor T cells (ADTs) improves immunity after T cell–depleted stem cell transplantation, but infection/relapse remain problematic. To refine this approach, we characterized the expression of surface markers/cytokines on proliferating alloreactive T cells (ATs). CD25 was expressed on 83% of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl esterdim ATs, confirming this as an excellent target for allodepletion. Seventy percent of CD25− ATs expressed CD71 (transferrin receptor), identifying this as a novel marker to target ATs persisting after CD25 depletion. Comparison of residual alloreactivity after combined CD25/71 versus CD25 immunomagnetic depletion showed enhanced depletion of alloreactivity to host with CD25/71 depletion in both secondary (2°) mixed lymphocyte reactions (P < .01) and interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assays (P < .05) with no effect on third-party responses. In pentamer/interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assays, antiviral responses to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and adenovirus were preserved after CD25/71 allodepletion. CD25/71 ADTs can be redirected to recognize leukemic targets through lentiviral transfer of a chimeric anti-CD19ζ T-cell receptor. Finally, we have established conditions for clinically applicable CD25/71 allodepletion under European Union Good Manufacturing Practice conditions, resulting in highly effective, reproducible, and selective depletion of ATs (median residual alloreactivity to host in 2° mixed lymphocyte reaction of 0.39% vs third-party response of 62%, n = 5). This strategy enables further clinical studies of adoptive immunotherapy with larger doses of ADTs to enhance immune reconstitution after T cell-depleted stem cell transplantation.
Dysregulation of bone remodeling by imatinib mesylate
Authors: Vandyke Kate , Fitter Stephen , Dewar Andrea L. , Hughes Timothy P. , Zannettino Andrew C. W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImatinib mesylate is a rationally designed tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Although the efficacy and tolerability of imatinib are a vast improvement over conventional chemotherapies, the drug exhibits off-target effects. An unanticipated side effect of imatinib therapy is hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia, which in part has been attributed to drug-mediated changes to renal and gastrointestinal handling of phosphate and calcium. However, emerging data suggest that imatinib also targets cells of the skeleton, stimulating the retention and sequestration of calcium and phosphate to bone, leading to decreased circulating levels of these minerals. The aim of this review is to highlight our current understanding of the mechanisms surrounding the effects of imatinib on the skeleton. In particular, it examines recent studies suggesting that imatinib has direct effects on bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts through inhibition of c-fms, c-kit, carbonic anhydrase II, and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. The potential application of imatinib in the treatment of cancer-induced osteolysis will also be discussed.
RT-SHIV, an infectious CCR5-tropic chimeric virus suitable for evaluating HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors in macaque models
Authors: Jiang Yonghou , Tian Baoping , Saifuddin Mohammed , Agy Michael B , Emau Peter , Cairns J Scott , Tsai Che-Chung 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are an important category of drugs for both chemotherapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, current non-human primate (NHP) models utilizing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or commonly used chimeric SHIV (SIV expressing HIV-1 envelope) are inadequate due to the insensitivity to NNRTIs. To develop a NHP model for evaluation of NNRTI compounds, we characterized a RT-SHIV virus that was assembled by replacing the SIVmac239 reverse transcriptase (RT) with that of HIV-1HXB2. Since RT-SHIV exhibited in vitro characteristics of high infectivity, CCR5-usage, and sensitivity to HIV-1 specific NNRTIs, this virus was thought to be suitable for mucosal transmission and then was used to carry out a vaginal transmission study in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina).

Results
RT-SHIV exhibited in vitro characteristics of an infectious CCR5-tropic chimeric virus. This virus was not only highly sensitive to HIV-1 RT specific NNRTIs; its replication was also inhibited by a variety of NRTIs and protease inhibitors. For in vivo vaginal transmission studies, macaques were either pretreated with a single dose of DMPA (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate) or left untreated before intravaginal inoculation with 500 or 1,000 TCID50 of RT-SHIV. All macaques became systemically infected by 2 or 3 weeks post-inoculation exhibiting persistent high viremia, marked CD4+T cell depletion, and antiviral antibody response. DMPA-pretreated macaques showed a higher mean plasma viral load after the acute infection stage, highly variable antiviral antibody response, and a higher incidence of AIDS-like disease as compared with macaques without DMPA pretreatment.

Conclusion
This chimeric RT-SHIV has exhibited productive replication in both macaque and human PBMCs, predominantly CCR5-coreceptor usage for viral entry, and sensitivity to NNRTIs as well as other anti-HIV compounds. This study demonstrates rapid systemic infection in macaques following intravaginal exposure to RT-SHIV. This RT-SHIV/macaque model could be useful for evaluation of NNRTI-based therapies, microbicides, or other preventive strategies.
Biogenesis of secretory organelles during B cell differentiation
Authors: Kirk Semra J , Cliff Jacqueline M , Thomas J Alero , Ward Theresa H 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In differentiating B cells, proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum appears as tightly clustered juxtanuclear spherical structures which expand to fill the cytosol without synchronizing to cell expansion.
The differentiation of B cells into Ig-secreting plasma cells requires the expansion of secretory organelles to cope with the increased cargo load. To evaluate the timeline of this process, we have quantitated the kinetics of secretory organelle expansion relative to Ig secretion and examined regulatory components of secretory transport following in vitro activation of human B lymphocytes. Unstimulated B cells contain minimal endomembranes. After activation, ER membrane induction appears as tightly packed spherical structures of 0.5–1 μm diameter concentrated in a juxtanuclear position. When the cells differentiate into plasmablasts, there is dramatic cell-size increase, but the ER remains concentrated close to the nucleus and only later fills the entire cell. In sharp contrast, previous studies in other cell types have found that the ER expands in synchrony with increasing cell size during interphase, by extension of ER tubules under the PM. In this study, the Golgi remains consistently as a single juxtanuclear structure but linearly expands sixfold in volume during B cell activation. Furthermore, following active cell proliferation, ER exit sites proliferate rapidly, increasing almost fourfold in number, in parallel with a sharp increase in Ig secretion. These findings demonstrate that the control of organelle biogenesis and expansion in primary human B cells are differentially regulated by cargo flux caused by Ig synthesis.
Training in partnership: role of service users with intellectual disability and carers
Authors: Biswas Asit B. , Raju Lammata Bala , Gravestock Shaun 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe participation of service users with intellectual disability and carers is essential in medical and psychiatric training at all levels. It validates the training experience provided by incorporating service users' and carers' perspectives and their experience of mental illness/challenging behaviour, anxieties, interactions and feelings generated when dealing with professionals involved in their care, and also provides an understanding of expectations, views on met and unmet needs and how management options are best explained and communicated for meaningful participation in providing consent and in making treatment decisions. This article brings together the benefits of involving service users with intellectual disability and carers in teaching, discussing their roles as trainers, and providing practical tips to plan sessions as well as recognise and overcome barriers.
How specialist ECT consultants inform patients about memory loss
Authors: Hanna Dalia , Kershaw Kerry , Chaplin Robert 
Published: November 2009

Aims and MethodA questionnaire was distributed to consultants with a special interest in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at clinics participating in an ECT accreditation process. This aimed to ascertain a consensus of clinical practice regarding informing patients about the treatment and assessment of memory during ECT.ResultsThe response rate was 64%. There is consensus on informing patients about the possibility of permanent memory loss. Memory is assessed before and during an ECT course by clinical interview and Mini-Mental State Examination, but rarely at long-term follow-up.Clinical ImplicationsPatients need to be informed about the possibility of permanent memory loss before consenting to ECT. Clinical teams need to make greater efforts to assess memory, particularly after this treatment.
Hip geometry variation is associated with bone mineralization pathway gene variants: The framingham study
Authors: Cheung Ching-Lung , Livshits Gregory , Zhou Yanhua , Meigs James B , McAteer Jarred B , Florez Jose C , Cupples L Adrienne , Demissie Serkalem , Kiel Douglas P , Karasik David 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Mineralization of bone matrix is an important process in bone formation; thus defects in mineralization have been implicated in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone structure alterations. Three central regulators of phosphate balance, ALPL, ANKH, and ENPP1, are central in the matrix mineralization process; therefore, the genes encoding them are considered important candidates genes for BMD and bone geometry. To test for an association between these three candidate genes and BMD and bone geometry traits, 124 informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped in 1513 unrelated subjects from the Framingham offspring cohort. Initial results showed that SNP rs1974201 in the gene ENPP1 was a susceptibility variant associated with several hip geometric indices, with the strongest p value of 3.8 × 10−7 being observed for femoral neck width. A few modest associations were observed between SNPs in or near ALPL and several bone traits, but no association was observed with ANKH. The association signals observed for SNPs around rs1974201 were attenuated after conditional analysis on rs1974201. Transcription factor binding-site prediction revealed that the HOXA7 binding site was present in the reference sequence with the major allele, whereas this potential binding site is lost in the sequence with the minor allele of rs1974201. In conclusion, we found evidence for association of bone geometry variation with an SNP in ENPP1, a gene in the mineralization pathway. The alteration of a binding site of the deregulator of extracellular matrix HOXA7 warrants further investigation. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Retracted: CDP/cut is an osteoblastic coactivator of the vitamin D receptor (VDR)
Authors: Ochiai Eiji , Kitagawa Hirochika , Takada Ichiro , Fujiyama Sally , Sawatsubashi Shun , Kim Mi-sun , Mezaki Yoshihiro , Tsushima Yu , Takagi Ken-ichiro , Azuma Yoshiaki , Takeyama Ken-ichi , Yamaoka Kazuyoshi , Kato Shigeaki , Kamimura Takashi 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Retraction: The following article from the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, “CDP/Cut Is an Osteoblastic Coactivator of the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)” by Eiji Ochiai, Hirochika Kitagawa, Ichiro Takada, Sally Fujiyama, Shun Sawatsubashi, Mi-sun Kim,Yoshihiro Mezaki, Yu Tsushima, Ken-ichiro Takagi, Yoshiaki Azuma, Ken-ichi Takeyama, Kazuyoshi Yamaoka, Shigeaki Kato, Takashi Kamimura, published online on December 11, 2009 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Thomas Clemens, the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors have requested the retraction based on their acknowledgement that several of the figures did not reflect the observations presented.
Experimental Study on Freeze-Thaw Damage Mechanism of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Mao Jize , Ayuta Koichi , Qi Hui , Liu Zongmin 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In order to clarify the deterioration process and damage mechanism of lightweight aggregate concrete when subjected to freezing and thawing, it is necessary to investigate the effects of lightweight aggregate on the concrete performance and analyze the relationship of freeze-thaw resistance between them. In this study, rapid freezing and thawing tests were conducted on lightweight concrete and lightweight coarse aggregate, respectively. The results of the concrete tests showed that the freeze-thaw resistance of lightweight concrete was mainly controlled by the water content of the lightweight aggregate. The tests of lightweight aggregate produced similar results: The higher the water content of the aggregate, the higher the weight loss and grain ratio passing 10 mm sieve; the lower the crushing strength, the larger the pore volume after freezing and thawing. When the lightweight aggregate with high water content was subjected to freezing and thawing, the pore volume grew larger since the aggregate structure suffered damage from frost expansion inside the structure. Micro-cracks began to form in the lightweight aggregate, then enlarged and spread to the adjacent mortar, and finally caused expansion and damage of lightweight concrete.
First Reported Case of Disease: Peliosis Hepatis as Cardinal Symptom of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Kleger Alexander , Bommer Martin , Kunze Markus , Klaus Jochen , Leithaeuser Frank , Wegener Martin , Adler Guido , Dikopoulos Nektarios 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We present the case of a 25-year-old woman with a history of weakness, weight loss, anemia, and elevated liver enzymes. Outpatient diagnostic evaluation, including abdominal ultrasound and endoscopies, revealed no conclusive explanation for the clinical picture and the patient was admitted to our clinic. Because of the hepatosplenomegaly together with the elevated liver enzymes, one of our differential diagnoses was that of liver disease. To clarify this, we performed a minilaparoscopy, which showed multiple diffuse distributed spots of livid color without clear margins distributed all over both liver lobes. A biopsy taken from these areas revealed the diagnosis of peliosis hepatis with irregular and diffusely enlarged hepatic sinusoids with an irregular structure. Peliosis hepatis is associated with numerous infectious and neoplastic diseases, but also occurs as a result of toxic liver damage. Further evaluation of our patient with an x-ray and a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mediastinal mass and a CT-guided biopsy showed classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma. After completing further screening, a definitive diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma stage II/N/B (Ann-Arbor) was established and chemotherapy according to the German Hodgkin’s study group protocol with bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (the BEACOPP regimen) was initiated. After the first chemotherapy cycle, the patient’s symptoms and laboratory values improved rapidly. Taken together, we present the case of a patient with peliosis hepatis as an uncommon manifestation of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Despite an extensive literature search, we could not find any case of peliosis hepatis associated with a de novo diagnosis of classical Hodgkin’s disease.
Development of the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit Network in North America
Authors: Paulson Jerome A. , Karr Catherine J. , Seltzer James M. , Cherry Debra C. , Sheffield Perry Elizabeth , Cifuentes Enrique , Buka Irena , Amler Robert W. 
Published: November 2009

Training in environmental health in general, and pediatric environmental health in particular, is inadequate. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry began to develop pediatric environmental health specialty units (PEHSUs) after noting the dearth of practitioners who could evaluate and manage children with exposures to environmental health hazards. The Environmental Protection Agency subsequently joined in providing support for what has developed into a network of 13 PEHSUs in North America. PEHSUs provide services to families, act as consultants to clinicians and public agencies, develop educational materials, and respond to natural disasters, including hurricanes and wildfires. PEHSUs are relatively easy to organize and should be replicable internationally.
High Point Walking for Health: Creating Built and Social Environments That Support Walking in a Public Housing Community
Authors: Krieger James , Rabkin Janice , Sharify Denise , Song Lin 
Published: November 2009

Objectives. We implemented and evaluated multiple interventions to increase walking activity at a multicultural public housing site. Methods. A community-based participatory research partnership and community action teams assessed assets and barriers related to walking and developed multiple interventions to promote walking activity. Interventions included sponsoring walking groups, improving walking routes, providing information about walking options, and advocating for pedestrian safety. A pre–post study design was used to assess the changes in walking activity. Results. Self-reported walking activity increased among walking group participants from 65 to 109 minutes per day (P = .001). The proportion that reported being at least moderately active for at least 150 minutes per week increased from 62% to 81% (P = .018). Conclusions. A multicomponent intervention developed through participatory research methods that emphasized walking groups and included additional strategies to change the built and social environments increased walking activity at a public housing site in Seattle.
Improved Gridding Technique for Coupling Geomechanics to Reservoir Flow
Authors: Tran David , Buchanan Lloyd , Nghiem Long 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe application of geomechanics in reservoir flow simulation has increased substantially since it was recognized that the modeling of geomechanical effects was necessary to predict important phenomena such as compaction, subsidence, wellbore failure. However, its application is strongly limited because of the use of a single-grid system for both reservoir flow and geomechanics deformation. In the case of a large field-scale simulation, the use of a single-grid system gives rise to an extremely large number of gridblocks. On one hand, for an accurate modeling of fluid flow, the gridblocks need to be reasonably small around wells and sharp fronts. Yet, these small gridblocks may not be essential for geomechanics computations. On the other hand, accurate geomechanics calculations may require many gridblocks in the overburden, underburden, and sideburden (country rock) that are not necessary for fluid flow. In this work, a dual-grid technique is combined with an iterative coupling method to resolve the problem. In this dual-grid technique, the reservoir flow grid and the geomechanics grid are distinct in order to model efficiently both fluid flow phenomena and geomechanics deformations. A method to couple the two grid systems is described. The use of this grid coupling approach reduces the simulation run time substantially with results that are very close to the single-grid method. A series of examples illustrating the application of this dual-grid concept and the corresponding runtime reduction are described.