bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal‐fetal immunity and recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Yao Yao , Ye Yiqing , Chen Jia , Zhang Meng , Cai Xiaoyu , Zheng Caihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA) is a common pregnancy complication, that has multifactorial causes, and currently, 40%–50% of cases remain unexplained, referred to as Unexplained RSA (URSA). Due to the elusive etiology and mechanisms, clinical management is exceedingly challenging. In recent years, with the progress in reproductive immunology, a growing body of evidence suggests a relationship between URSA and maternal‐fetal immunology, offering hope for the development of tailored treatment strategies. This article provides an immunological perspective on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of RSA. On one hand, it comprehensively reviews the immunological mechanisms underlying RSA, including abnormalities in maternal‐fetal interface immune tolerance, maternal‐fetal interface immune cell function, gut microbiota‐mediated immune dysregulation, and vaginal microbiota‐mediated immune anomalies. On the other hand, it presents the diagnosis and existing treatment modalities for RSA. This article offers a clear knowledge framework for understanding RSA from an immunological standpoint. In conclusion, while the “layers of the veil” regarding immunological factors in RSA are gradually being unveiled, our current research may only scratch the surface. In terms of immunological etiology, effective diagnostic tools for RSA are currently lacking, and the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies, primarily based on lymphocyte immunotherapy and intravenous immunoglobulin, remain contentious.
Gender and reactions to speeches in German parliamentary debates
Authors: Ash Elliott , Krümmel Johann , Slapin Jonathan B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAre nonverbal reactions during parliamentary debate gendered? Do male and female members of parliament (MPs) experience applause or jeering differently? In short, yes, and the gendered nature of a speech matters. Using an original corpus of over 544,000 speeches given in German state parliaments, we first estimate the gendered nature of parliamentary speeches and then examine how reactions to speeches given by male and female MPs differ. Female and male MPs receive similarly positive and negative reactions to their speeches on average, but they receive different reactions depending on the gendered nature of the speeches. Speeches using language associated with women's topics receive fewer reactions overall and even fewer when delivered by men. The gendered nature of parliamentary interjections could affect how women MPs view their position and how women voters view parliament.
History of periodontitis as a risk factor for implant failure and incidence of peri‐implantitis: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and trial sequential analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Serroni Matteo , Borgnakke Wenche S. , Romano Luigi , Balice Giuseppe , Paolantonio Michele , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Ravidà Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionDental implants are widely employed as dependable replacements for lost teeth. However, it is crucial to establish, solely through prospective cohort studies, whether a history of periodontitis indeed constitutes a significant risk factor for implant failure.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in October 2022 in several electronic databases with subsequent manual updates. Only original prospective cohort studies evaluating the implant (loss) rate ≥1 year after implant loading were included. Logarithmic risk ratio and weighted mean differences were calculated. Study results were summarized using random effects meta‐analyses evaluated by trial sequential analyses. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale evaluated study bias and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty/quality of the evidence.ResultsA total of 14 publications reporting on 12 prospective cohort studies were included. Low evidence certainty/quality evidence due to the absence of randomized clinical trials revealed significantly greater odds of failure in patients with a history of periodontitis at follow‐ups both after ≤5 years (RR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.71–2.37; p = 0.013) and >5 years (RR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.12–4.53; p = 0.023). The incidence of peri‐implantitis (RR = 4.09; 95% CI: 1.93–8.58; p < 0.001) and the weighted mean (WM) of marginal bone loss (WM difference = 0.75 mm; 95% CI: 0.18–1.31; p < 0.05) were statistically significantly greater in the periodontally compromised group, whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups for peri‐implant probing depth.ConclusionA history of periodontitis can be considered a significant risk factor for incident implant failure, peri‐implantitis, and greater marginal bone loss.
Ocean protection quality is lagging behind quantity: Applying a scientific framework to assess real marine protected area progress against the 30 by 30 target
Authors: Pike Elizabeth P. , MacCarthy Jessica M. C. , Hameed Sarah O. , Harasta Nikki , Grorud‐Colvert Kirsten , Sullivan‐Stack Jenna , Claudet Joachim , Horta e Costa Barbara , Gonçalves Emanuel J. , Villagomez Angelo , Morgan Lance 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe international community set a global conservation target to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 (“30 × 30”) to reverse biodiversity loss, including through marine protected areas (MPAs). However, varied MPAs result in significantly different conservation outcomes, making MPA coverage alone an inadequate metric. We used The MPA Guide framework to assess the the world's largest 100 MPAs by area, representing nearly 90% of reported global MPA coverage and 7.3% of the global ocean area, and analyzed the distribution of MPA quality across political and ecological regions. A quarter of the assessed MPA coverage is not implemented, and one‐third is incompatible with the conservation of nature. Two factors contribute to this outcome: (1) many reported MPAs lack regulations or management, and (2) some MPAs allow high‐impact activities. Fully and highly protected MPAs account for one‐third of the assessed area but are unevenly distributed across ecoregions in part because some nations have designated large, highly protected MPAs in their overseas or remote territories. Indicators of MPA quality, not only coverage, are needed to ensure a global network of MPAs that covers at least 30% of the ocean and effectively safeguards representative marine ecosystems from destructive human activities.
Statistical analysis of observational studies in disability research
Authors: Shepherd Daisy A. , Amor David J. , Moreno‐Betancur Margarita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObservational studies have a critical role in disability research, providing the opportunity to address a range of research questions. Over the past decades, there have been substantial shifts and developments in statistical methods for observational studies, most notably for causal inference. In this review, we provide an overview of modern design and analysis concepts critical for observational studies, drawing examples from the field of disability research and highlighting the challenges in this field, to inform the readership on important statistical considerations for their studies.What this paper adds

Descriptive research questions have specific analytical complexities, so careful statistical design before analysis is critical.
Prediction research aims to produce a model with good predictive ability and requires thorough statistical design prior to analysis.
Causal research requires careful statistical analysis planning, facilitated by modern causal inference concepts and analytical methods.
Adopting these approaches will strengthen the quality of observational studies addressing a range of research questions in the disability space.
The diabetes body project: Study protocol of a multi‐site trial of a virtually delivered eating disorder prevention program for young women with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Haugvik Severina , Hennekes Mareille , Stice Eric , de Wit Maartje , Toschi Elena , Wisting Line 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimYoung women with type 1 diabetes are a high‐risk population for eating disorders (ED). Prevention programs are lacking. In young women without diabetes, the Body Project has produced reductions in ED risk factors, ED symptoms and future ED onset. Therefore, the Body Project was adapted to type 1 diabetes, the Diabetes Body Project (DBP). In this protocol, we describe the multi‐site randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate efficacy of the DBP.MethodsThis is an ongoing RCT with four sites (Europe and US). In total 280, 14–35 year‐old, women with type 1 diabetes ≥1 year and some level of body image concerns will be recruited in 2023. Participants are randomized to either virtual DBP groups or an educational control. The study constitutes 5 measurement points distributed over 2 years. The primary aim is to test if DBP will produce significantly greater reductions in ED behaviours, ED symptoms and future ED onset. The secondary aim is to test if DBP has significantly greater improvements in diabetes distress, quality of life and glycaemic outcomes.ResultsWe expect that DBP will be more efficacious in reducing ED behaviours, ED symptoms and ED onset compared to the control condition. Additionally, we hope to gain new knowledge on how DBP may affect diabetes‐related outcomes.ConclusionsIf DBP proves efficacious, it has potential for immediate, clinical implementation at low‐cost and may contribute to broad prevention of future ED onset among young women with type 1 diabetes.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05399446.
We have a lot in common: Cognate words
Authors: Uzun Levent 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a list of 2022 Bulgarian‐Turkish cognate words that can be used to facilitate vocabulary acquisition and cross‐linguistic awareness. The list was created manually through a multi‐step process that involved scanning the database of an online dictionary to identify Bulgarian words that had the same or similar forms in Turkish. For each cognate word identified, its Bulgarian and Turkish forms and English meanings were recorded, and their accuracy was checked through additional sources and expert consultation. The final list of cognate words includes only those confirmed based on linguistic criteria and expert judgement. The use of cognate words in language teaching methods such as total physical response and teaching proficiency through reading and storytelling can enhance the effectiveness of these methods by helping students understand and remember new vocabulary and building their confidence in language learning. Additionally, this study highlights the potential of cognate awareness to promote peace in the world by emphasizing the commonalities among languages and cultures. By recognizing the abundance of cognates across different languages, we can reinforce the idea that we are all part of the same human family and share a common linguistic heritage. Moreover, the study demonstrates how a new and innovative multilingual education can be achieved through cognates, showing that language education does not necessarily have to be limited to bilingual instruction. The use of cognates as a tool for vocabulary acquisition and cross‐linguistic awareness can open up opportunities for multilingualism and facilitate communication across linguistic and cultural boundaries. Future research could explore the use of cognate words in other language teaching contexts and investigate the potential benefits and limitations of using cognates in language learning.
Examining iron‐related off‐target binding effects of 18F‐AV1451 PET in the cortex of Aβ+ individuals
Authors: Langley Jason , Bennett Ilana J. , Hu Xiaoping P. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe presence of neurofibrillary tangles containing hyper‐phosphorylated tau is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand sensitive to tau neurofibrillary tangles (18F‐AV1451) also binds with iron. This off‐target binding effect may be enhanced in older adults on the AD spectrum, particularly those with amyloid‐positive biomarkers. Here, we examined group differences in 18F‐AV1451 PET after controlling for iron‐sensitive measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its relationships to tissue microstructure and cognition in 40 amyloid beta positive (Aβ+) individuals, 20 amyloid beta negative (Aβ‐) with MCI and 31 Aβ‐ control participants. After controlling for iron, increased 18F‐AV1451 PET uptake was found in the temporal lobe and hippocampus of Aβ+ participants compared to Aβ‐ MCI and control participants. Within the Aβ+ group, significant correlations were seen between 18F‐AV1451 PET uptake and tissue microstructure and these correlations remained significant after controlling for iron. These findings indicate that off‐target binding of iron to the 18F‐AV1451 ligand may not affect its sensitivity to Aβ status or cognition in early‐stage AD.
Land use change and coastal water darkening drive synchronous dynamics in phytoplankton and fish phenology on centennial timescales
Authors: Opdal Anders Frugård , Lindemann Christian , Andersen Tom , Hessen Dag O. , Fiksen Øyvind , Aksnes Dag L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAt high latitudes, the suitable window for timing reproductive events is particularly narrow, promoting tight synchrony between trophic levels. Climate change may disrupt this synchrony due to diverging responses to temperature between, for example, the early life stages of higher trophic levels and their food resources. Evidence for this is equivocal, and the role of compensatory mechanisms is poorly understood. Here, we show how a combination of ocean warming and coastal water darkening drive long‐term changes in phytoplankton spring bloom timing in Lofoten Norway, and how spawning time of Northeast Arctic cod responds in synchrony. Spring bloom timing was derived from hydrographical observations dating back to 1936, while cod spawning time was estimated from weekly fisheries catch and roe landing data since 1877. Our results suggest that land use change and freshwater run‐off causing coastal water darkening has gradually delayed the spring bloom up to the late 1980s after which ocean warming has caused it to advance. The cod appear to track phytoplankton dynamics by timing gonadal development and spawning to maximize overlap between offspring hatch date and predicted resource availability. This finding emphasises the importance of land–ocean coupling for coastal ecosystem functioning, and the potential for fish to adapt through phenotypic plasticity.
Large‐scale remote sensing analysis reveals an increasing coupling of grassland vitality to atmospheric water demand
Authors: Kowalski Katja , Senf Cornelius , Okujeni Akpona , Hostert Patrick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGrasslands provide important ecosystem services to society, including biodiversity, water security, erosion control, and forage production. Grasslands are also vulnerable to droughts, rendering their future vitality under climate change uncertain. Yet, the grassland response to drought is not well understood, especially for heterogeneous Central European grasslands. We here fill this gap by quantifying the spatiotemporal sensitivity of grasslands to drought using a novel remote sensing dataset from Landsat/Sentinel‐2 paired with climate re‐analysis data. Specifically, we quantified annual grassland vitality at fine spatial scale and national extent (Germany) from 1985 to 2021. We analyzed grassland sensitivity to drought by testing for statistically robust links between grassland vitality and common drought indices. We furthermore explored the spatiotemporal variability of drought sensitivity for 12 grassland habitat types given their different biotic and abiotic features. Grassland vitality maps revealed a large‐scale reduction of grassland vitality during past droughts. The unprecedented drought of 2018–2019 stood out as the largest multi‐year vitality decline since the mid‐1980s. Grassland vitality was consistently coupled to drought (R2 = .09–.22) with Vapor Pressure Deficit explaining vitality best. This suggests that high atmospheric water demand, as observed during recent compounding drought and heatwave events, has major impacts on grassland vitality in Central Europe. We found a significant increase in drought sensitivity over time with highest sensitivities detected in periods of extremely high atmospheric water demand, suggesting that drought impacts on grasslands are becoming more severe with ongoing climate change. The spatial variability of grassland drought sensitivity was linked to different habitat types, with declining sensitivity from dry and mesic to wet habitats. Our study provides the first large‐scale, long‐term, and spatially explicit evidence of increasing drought sensitivities of Central European grasslands. With rising compound droughts and heatwaves under climate change, large‐scale grassland vitality loss, as in 2018–2019, will thus become more likely in the future.
A 3‐month mark to urinary continence, after robotic radical prostatectomy—Is it possible?
Authors: Santos Tiago , Varandas Mário , Dias Daniela , Sousa Inês 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesUrinary incontinence (UI) remains a significant concern after radical prostatectomy. As a part of a nursing follow‐up, we evaluate quality‐of‐life (QoL) which includes UI recovery. Patients proposed to Retzius‐sparing robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RS‐RARP) have a bundle of appointments starting pre‐operatively and continuing after surgery 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. In these, we started a urinary rehabilitation programme (URP) performing Kegel Exercises, adaptative and behavioural strategies. The objective is to evaluate timeline until urinary continence recovery after RS‐RARP, since this is one of the most asked question by our patients.Materials and MethodsBetween July 2017 and April 2020 we conducted a prospective observational single‐centre study with a total of 208 patients submitted to RS‐RARP. We applied the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite‐26 (EPIC‐26) questionnaire pre and postoperatively at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and studied UI by evaluating pad count measured in the 3rd question. The inclusion criteria are: patients that did not have adjuvant or salvage treatments during the follow up; have all pre‐ and post‐operative evaluations; who were continent pre‐operatively; and started the URP. A total of 72 patients were included. We have considered the criteria of no pad use for continence recovery. Every patient provided written informed consent for study inclusion, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (Approval 07.07.2017).ResultsPreliminary analysis of enrolled patients reveals that 57 (79,16%) recovered continence during the 12 months period. By 3‐month mark, we observed that 42 (73,68%) patients were continent; 7 (12,28%) recovered continence at 6‐month mark; 4 (7,02%) recovered continence at 9‐month mark and 4 (7,02%) recovered continence 1 year after surgery. We further analysed the total number of pads used daily by the 15 patients (20,83%) that had UI at 12‐month mark: 13 patients (86,67%) reported using 1 pad a day and 2 patients (13,33% or 2,77% of all studied population) reported using 3 or more pads a day.ConclusionThe preliminary results demonstrate a gradual improvement in UI over the first year, with a significant number of patients recovering at 3‐month mark. These positive results are most probably consequences of both the surgical approach and the URP. Is required a sub‐group analysis to further delineate factors impacting continence recovery, aiding in postoperative rehabilitation care plans that will impact positive outcome on QoL associated with a fast UI recovery. For the latter, digital tools to conduct patient reported outcomes are necessary to ascertain the extent of impact in QoL. Furthermore, we need to rethink remote strategies to improve patient compliance as a significant number of them were excluded for not attending on‐site nursing appointments.
Association between physician age and patterns of end‐of‐life care among older Americans
Authors: Gotanda Hiroshi , Ikesu Ryo , Walling Anne M. , Zhang Jessica J. , Xu Haiyong , Reuben David B. , Wenger Neil S. , Damberg Cheryl L. , Zingmond David S. , Jena Anupam B. , Gross Nate , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEnd‐of‐life (EOL) care patterns may differ by physician age given differences in how physicians are trained or changes associated with aging. We sought to compare patterns of EOL care delivered to older Americans according to physician age.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of a 20% sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged ≥66 years who died in 2016–2019 (n = 487,293). We attributed beneficiaries to the physician who had >50% of primary care visits during the last 6 months of life. We compared beneficiary‐level outcomes by physician age (<40, 40–49, 50–59, or ≥60) in two areas: (1) advance care planning (ACP) and palliative care; and (2) high‐intensity care at the EOL.ResultsBeneficiaries attributed to younger physicians had slightly higher proportions of billed ACP (adjusted proportions, 17.1%, 16.1%, 15.5%, and 14.0% for physicians aged <40, 40–49, 50–59, and ≥60, respectively; p‐for‐trend adjusted for multiple comparisons <0.001) and palliative care counseling or hospice use in the last 180 days of life (64.5%, 63.6%, 61.9%, and 60.8%; p‐for‐trend <0.001). Similarly, physicians' younger age was associated with slightly lower proportions of emergency department visits (57.4%, 57.0%, 57.4%, and 58.1%; p‐for‐trend <0.001), hospital admissions (51.2%, 51.1%, 51.4%, and 52.1%; p‐for‐trend <0.001), intensive care unit admissions (27.8%, 27.9%, 28.2%, and 28.3%; p‐for‐trend = 0.03), or mechanical ventilation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (14.2, 14.9%, 15.2%, and 15.3%; p‐for‐trend <0.001) in the last 30 days of life, and in‐hospital death (20.2%, 20.6%, 21.3%, and 21.5%; p‐for‐trend <0.001).ConclusionsWe found that differences in patterns of EOL care between beneficiaries cared for by younger and older physicians were small, and thus, not clinically meaningful. Future research is warranted to understand the factors that can influence patterns of EOL care provided by physicians, including initial and continuing medical education.