bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Crafts in Occupational Therapy for the Physically Disabled
Authors: Bissell Julie Crites , Mailloux Zoe 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this article, the historical use of crafts in occupational therapy for the physically disabled patient is reviewed and the results of a survey aimed at describing current craft use is presented. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 250 occupational therapists throughout the United States who chose physical disabilities as their specialty section. Results demonstrated that, while most therapists use crafts to some degree in their therapy programs, other treatment modalities such as therapeutic exercise and activities of daily living were used a greater percentage of the time. Reasons for using crafts, problems with justification of craft use, and participation of certified occupational therapy assistants in craft programs are discussed. Questions are raised concerning the role of therapeutic crafts in the past and present practice of occupational therapy for the physically disabled. Recommendations are made for future research.
The Therapeutic Use of Games with Mentally Retarded Adults
Authors: Kielhofner Gary , Miyake Shawn 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article provides conceptualizations of play as a learning and survival behavior and presents findings of a study of the use of games with mentally retarded adults. In this study the aim was to describe both how therapists can use games as therapeutic media and how changes can be observed in the subjects. The study identifies a number of therapeutic strategies that did enhance the play of the subjects. Along with increases in play, improvement in motor behavior, cognitive abilities, affect, attention, self-confidence, and social interaction was observed.
Relationship between Development of the Body-Righting Reaction and Manual Midline Crossing Behavior in the Learning Disabled
Authors: Stilwell Janet M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The study was designed to consider the possible relationship between the development and integration of the body-righting reaction and the development of manual midline crossing behavior in learning-disabled and normal children aged 6 to 8 years (23 subjects in each group). A combination of three movement patterns (rolling from supine to prone, transition from supine to standing, and equilibrium in sitting) was used to analyze the body-righting reaction. The Space Visualization Contralateral Use (SVCU) score derived from the Southern California Space Visualization Test was used to measure manual midline crossing behavior. Results of the study found that the learning-disabled subjects exhibited significantly reduced performance on both test measures, when compared to the normal controls. A correlation between scores on the two tests did not reach significance. The findings are described as they relate to sensory integration testing, and the need for further study of the body-righting reaction and manual midline crossing behavior.
Relationship of Constructional Apraxia and Body Scheme Disorders to Dressing Performance in Adult CVA
Authors: Warren Mary 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The relationship between constructional apraxia and body scheme disorders and failure of post-cerebral vascular accident (CVA) patients to achieve independence in upper extremity dressing was investigated in this study. One hundred and one subjects with right- and left-CVA were given tests that measured body scheme dysfunction and constructional apraxia on admission to an inpatient rehabilitation unit, and then rated on upper extremity dressing performance at discharge. Scores on the apraxia and body scheme tests were statistically correlated with dressing performance. The results indicated that both constructional apraxia and body scheme dysfunction contribute to failure in achieving upper extremity dressing, but that body scheme performance is a better predictor of dressing ability. In addition, the presence of visual field deficits, medical complications, and aphasia were found to exert significant influence on subject performance.
A Learning Disability Screening Program in a Public School
Authors: Goldstein Paula Kramer , O’Brien John D. , Katz Gary M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The outline of a screening program for learning disabilities in a public school is presented in this paper. The screening program consisted of four standardized measures (Information Subtest of the WPPSI, SEARCH, Evanston Early Identification Scale, Bender-Gestalt) and six of the clinical observations suggested by Ayres. Forty-three kindergarten and first graders (25 males, 18 females) were tested and each child was categorized as low, moderate, or high risk for learning disabilities on each of the measures. Approximately 10 percent of the children were identified as at high risk for learning disabilities, but the children did not perform at the same risk level on all measures. A factor analysis of the four measures and six observations revealed that three factors prevailed in this screening program: cognitive abilities, fine motor control, and reflex integration. This analysis also indicated the importance of assessing neurophysiological immaturity in a screening program. The implications of the categories used are discussed.
Some Implications of a Science of Adaptive Responses
Authors: Kleinman Barbara L. , Bulkley Betty L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The concept of occupational therapy as a “science of adaptive responses,” as proposed by King in her 1978 Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture, is explored and expanded on in this article. The authors postulate an adaptation continuum consisting of homeostatic reactions, adaptive responses, adaptive skills, and adaptive patterns—a continuum that places the adaptive response in a sequential and interdependent relationship to other human responses that serve an adaptive function. Assuming that authentic occupational therapy practice is “eliciting adaptive responses” (1), the authors use the continuum to delineate the domain of occupational therapy as compared to the primary concerns of other health disciplines and to indicate the nature of collaboration between them in areas that overlap. Finally, they draw attention to some of the issues and questions that emerge from the analysis.
Negotiating the Environment: Achieving Quality Care in a Time of Flux
Authors: Ostrow Patricia C. , Joe Barbara E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Productivity and quality of care are two health care issues practicing occupational therapists face daily in their work environments. The challenge of increasing productivity without sacrificing quality and of documenting the achievement of these dual goals is posed in this month’s column by Patricia C. Ostrow and Barbara E. Joe. We are informed on how to acquire the skills needed to meet these challenges in negotiating the environments in which we work.
A Prevention and Early Intervention Mental Health Program for Disadvantaged Pre-school Children
Authors: George Nan M. , Braun Bonnie A. , Walker James M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this study, 155 disadvantaged pre-school children, ages 3 to 6, were screened for developmental delays using the Cooperative Preschool Inventory as the primary evaluation tool. Thirty-eight children participated in the experimental group and 20 children were designated the control group. Experimental group children received developmental therapy and their regular classroom experience. In addition, intervention was provided to parents and teachers in order to affect the child’s total environment more positively. The control group received only classroom experience. Sixty-five percent of the control group passed the Cooperative Preschool Inventory pre-test compared to 50 percent of the experimental group. On the Cooperative Preschool Inventory post-test, 100 percent of the experimental group passed, compared to only 85 percent of the control group. These results suggest that for disadvantaged children early intervention of developmental therapy and classroom experience help eliminate their developmental delays and provide them with age-appropriate developmental skills.
The Development of Prehension in Normal Infants
Authors: Hohlstein Rita R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study investigated the longitudinal development of prehension in 10 normal infants, 4 through 12 months of age. The infants’ spontaneous prehensile responses to 2.54-centimeter (1-inch) red cubes, 1.27-centimeter (½-inch) red cubes, raisins, and plastic keys on chains were filmed with a Kodak Super 8 movie camera, transferred to videotape in slow motion, and analyzed. The 2.54-centimeter (1-inch) red cube data were compared to data gathered by Henry Halverson, noted authority in the area of prehension. Infants in both studies followed the same trend in their acquisition of prehensile skills, but the infants in the current study used most grasps at slightly earlier ages. The size and shapes of the objects presented influenced, but did not dictate, the grasps used. All grasps used by infants fall into three developmental phases: 1. using whole hands in an unspecialized manner; 2. using parts of hands as some specialization begins to develop; and 3. using the pads of distal phalanges or the tips of fingers in a specialized manner. The infants responded to the 3 presentations of like objects with the same grasp only 34 percent of the time, yet they were 65 percent consistent in using the same phase of prehensile development for the 3 presentations. Implications of these findings for developmentally disabled infants are discussed.
A Model for Activity Intervention in Disaster-Stricken Communities
Authors: Rosenfeld Mark S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Environmental disasters cause deaths, injuries, and destruction of familiar surroundings. Social networks and routines that structure daily life are often left in disarray. To surmount subsequent crises, survivors must master painful feelings, solve problems, and accomplish important tasks, even while they are confused, bereaved, and displaced. Otherwise, coping failure leads to a vicious spiral of loss of self-esteem, distrust of the environment, and abandonment of social roles. Both crisis intervention and disaster literature advocate concrete and practical treatment measures. Activity intervention can prevent and reverse the destructive downward spiral by facilitating victims’ most effective coping responses. This paper reviews the pertinent literature and sets forth a theoretical model for occupational therapy in post-disaster settings.
Visuospatial Deficits after Right Hemisphere Stroke
Authors: Kaplan Joni , Hier Daniel B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The influence of visuospatial deficits on functional status after right hemisphere stroke was investigated in 34 patients. Correlation coefficients between visuospatial deficits and other factors—age, sex, vocabulary, educational level, hemiparesis, hemianopia, left-sided extinction, length of stay on a rehabilitation unit, and time lapse between onset of stroke and admission to the rehabilitation unit—were also computed. Little correlation was found between the severity of the hemiparesis and the severity of the visuospatial deficits, yet both motor and visuospatial deficits proved to be important predictors of functional status at the time of discharge from the stroke rehabilitation unit. We conclude that visuospatial deficits are an important independent factor governing functional outcome and should be given as much attention as hemiparesis during discharge and rehabilitation planning for the right hemisphere stroke patient.
A Synthesis of Occupational Behavior and Sensory Integration Concepts in Theory and Practice, Part 1. Theoretical Foundations
Authors: Mack Wendy , Lindquist Jerry Ernest , Parham L. Diane 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This series of two articles presents a model of play development for use in pediatric occupational therapy. Proposing to unify the theoretical approaches of sensory integration and occupational behavior, the model uses play as the unifying link between these two apparently different approaches. This first article reviews the major concepts of sensory integration and occupational behavior, in addition to discussing the differences and similarities between the two. General systems concepts are used as a framework upon which a model of play development is constructed. Three hierarchical levels of play are described—sensorimotor, constructive, and social—with each broken down into several developmental steps.
Contributions to the Development of Psychoeducational Approaches to Mental Health Service
Authors: Lillie Maxine D. , Armstrong Hubert E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The psychoeducational approach to psychiatric care is articulated, and the contributions of occupational therapists to this model in one day treatment program are described. An evaluation device (the Task Check List) developed by occupational therapists and used in psychoeducational treatment planning is presented; its use by occupational therapists and other staff is illustrated.
Performance of Normal Older Adults on Tests Designed to Measure Parietal Lobe Functions
Authors: Farver Phyllis Fleming , Farver Thomas B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Symptoms referrable to the parietal lobes, such as difficulty with dressing, unilateral neglect, or manual apraxia, are a frequent rehabilitation problem among stroke patients. Occupational therapists need an evaluation tool for parietal lobe functions and performance expectations for adults 40 years and older. A battery of tests designed to measure functions of the parietal lobes was given to 68 normal adults from 40 to 88 years of age. The test battery included drawings, stick designs, finger identifications, right-left identifications, arithmetic, clock settings, map localizations, block constructions, visual organization tasks, and visual discrimination tasks. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant age-related changes on the constructional tasks, finger identifications, clock settings, visual organization tasks, and visual discrimination tasks. No significant age effect was found on right-left identifications, map localizations, or arithmetic. Implications for the evaluation and treatment of older adults in occupational therapy are discussed.
A Data Base for Occupational Therapy: Documentation Through Research
Authors: Gillette Nedra P. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The expectations for accountability are very real in today’s health arena. The Association has many resources to assist the member in addressing this most important aspect of our practice. Nedra Gillette, M. Ed., OTR, FAOTA, Research Coordinator, AOTF, has developed this issue for presentation to you.
Adaptive Equipment Used in the Rehabilitation of Hip Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Seeger Melinda S. , Fisher Linda A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this paper an occupational therapy program involved in the acute rehabilitation of patients with total hip replacement and total surface replacement is described. The goal of the program is to help patients achieve independence in activities of daily living by the conclusion of their 2week hospitalization, while complying with the physical limitations imposed by the surgical protocol. The program consists of instruction in the use of selected adaptive equipment, in activities of daily living, and in environmental modifications. The findings of a retrospective patient survey are included. Specifically, the majority of the patients surveyed were found to be independent in essential activities of daily living by the time they were discharged from the hospital, and that use of the adaptive equipment was very high.
Arthritis: Preferred Learning Methods Among Arizona Therapists
Authors: Wickersham Elizabeth A. , Fike M. Laurita , Rousseau Elaine , Boyer John T. , Meredith Keith E. , Clay Catherine A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Arizona occupational and physical therapists were surveyed about their needs for education in arthritis. Responses to statements regarding attitudes, knowledge, willingness to learn, and preferred methods of learning were subjected to chi-square analysis. The results showed that a significant number of both occupational and physical therapists are deficient in knowledge about the disease and maintain negative attitudes about patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Both groups indicated a high interest in continuing education about arthritis. The preferred method of learning was self-study guides.
Correlation of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency with the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests
Authors: Ziviani Jenny , Poulsen Anne , O’Brien Andrea 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Correlations between the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) and the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT) were studied by using test results obtained from a sample of 49 learning-disabled children. It was found that those SCSIT tests with a motor component correlated significantly with the BOTMP battery composite scores. The fine motor composite scores of the BOTMP reflected the greatest percentage of significant correlation with SCSIT tests. These results suggested that the BOTMP would be useful for screening children for referral to occupational therapy by educators. In addition, the high correlation of the BOTMP with the SCSIT motor tests indicated that the BOTMP may be appropriate for use in clinical research to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory integrative procedures in relation to motor function.
Sensory Integration Therapy: Affect or Effect
Authors: Ottenbacher Kenneth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The results of studies examining the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy were reviewed, using recently developed quantitative methods that treat the literature review process as a unique type of research. Forty-nine studies were located initially. Eight of these studies met the following criteria: (a) they investigated the effect of sensory integration therapy; (b) they included dependent measures of academic achievement, motor or reflex performance, and / or language function; (c) they included a comparison between at least two groups; and (d) they reported quantitative results of the effect of sensory integration therapy. The 8 studies contained a total of 47 statistical hypothesis tests that evaluated the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy. An analysis of these tests, using quantitative reviewing methods, revealed that subjects participating in sensory integration therapy performed significantly better than members in the control groups who did not receive sensory integration therapy.
The application of sensory integration therapy to various client populations is discussed in relation to the existing empirical support revealed in the studies reviewed. The advantages of quantitative reviewing procedures are discussed, and use of the procedures with the developing occupational therapy research literature is recommended.
The Sensory History of Developmentally Delayed Children With and Without Tactile Defensiveness
Authors: Larson Karen A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study investigated whether sensory history questionnaires differentiated between developmentally delayed children with and without tactile defensiveness and, in addition, which individual items were most discriminative. Interviews were conducted with 20 mothers of developmentally delayed children regarding their children’s past and present behavioral responses to tactile and other sensory stimuli. The group of mothers with tactually defensive children reported a significantly greater number of positive responses to items previously determined to be indicative of tactile defensiveness than did the mothers of children without tactile defensiveness. An individual item analysis identified 11 items as discriminating most clearly between a group of children with tactile defensiveness and a group without tactile defensiveness. Some preliminary behavioral trends and implications for the use of sensory history questionnaires in parent counseling and in planning appropriate treatment programs are presented.
The Effect of Two Body Positions on Head Righting in Severely Disabled Individuals with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: O’Brien Maureen , Tsurumi Kathleen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study examines the association between head righting and two commonly used therapeutic positions: semiprone on an inclined prone positioner and upright short-sitting in an adapted wheelchair. The subjects were 26 individuals with cerebral palsy and multiple handicaps who had difficulty maintaining active head control in a vertical orientation. Such head control is necessary for attending to learning tasks in the classroom and activities of daily living in the clinic. The frequency and duration of head righting during a feeding task was measured by means of a mercury switch system mounted on a headband and attached to an electromechanical digit counter and a clock. Measurements of duration and frequency beyond the predetermined range of functional head righting plus measurements on five control variables were analyzed by four statistical methods: t -test on the means, simple correlation, cannonical correlation, and regression analysis. The control variables were age, mobility level, degree of hypertonicity, level of seizure activity, and level of reflex maturity. Results indicate that, in this severely handicapped population, head righting while in the adapted wheelchair is no different from head righting while in the semiprone position. One control variable, level of independent mobility, was positively correlated with the length of time that subjects were able to maintain head righting in the semiprone position.
Decreasing Drooling through Techniques to Facilitate Mouth Closure
Authors: Ray Sharon A. , Bundy Anita C. , Nelson David L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A single case ABA experimental design is presented in which techniques to facilitate mouth closure were hypothesized to decrease drooling. The subject was an 11-year-old male with mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Baseline 1 consisted of 10 half-hour sessions of play, followed by 1-hour periods during which the amount of saliva collected on an absorbent bib was measured and recorded. The subsequent treatment phase of 4 weeks was identical to the baseline except that a half-hour period of intervention was substituted for the half-hour of play. Intervention involved providing jaw control with intermittent tapping and jiggling, stroking the upper gum, and giving juice with jaw control. Baseline 2 consisted of 10 sessions identical to baseline 1. Results indicate that the amount of saliva leaving the mouth was a function of the presence or absence of intervention.
Interface Modalities of Technical Aids Used by People with Disability
Authors: Levy Ron 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The objective of this paper was to present some initial thoughts and concepts on the subject of the interface “mechanisms” used between individuals with disability and their technical aids. These interface modalities are considered to be of primary importance in matching adaptive aids to the needs of these individuals. With this in mind, a number of basic premises concerning technical aids, user needs, and user environments are discussed. In addition, an initial framework is presented that describes a series of different levels of interface types. It is hoped that this framework will promote a greater insight into the inherent complexity of interface modalities and thereby stimulate further study.