bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support vector machine‐based equalisation for direct‐sequence ultra wideband systems
Authors: Musbah Mohamed , Zhu Xu 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe proposed the support vector machine (SVM)‐based equalisation schemes for direct‐sequence ultra wideband (UWB) systems. The severe intersymbol interference caused by the UWB channel was formulated as a pattern classification problem in the SVM‐based equaliser, which operates in two main modes: training and detection. We also applied the least squares support vector classifiers (LS‐SVCs) to reduce the training complexity and sparse LS‐SVCs to reduce the detection complexity, with little performance loss compared to SVCs. Simulation results confirm the outperformance of the proposed equalisers over the conventional rake receiver with the same order of complexity for detection, especially when no channel information is known at the receiver. Also, the SVM‐based equalisers in the line‐of‐sight scenario provide a performance close to the case with additive white Gaussian noise only. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic‐Assisted Surgery and the Need for Standardized Pathways and Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Walters Linda , Eley Susan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRobotic surgical techniques are revolutionizing the way surgery is performed in an effort to improve patient outcomes. Although current literature is limited, studies have shown that patients who undergo robotic‐assisted procedures experience reduced surgical time, scarring, blood loss, pain, infection rates, and lengths of stay compared with patients who undergo open or laparoscopic procedures. Currently, start‐up costs for robotic systems are high and include the major equipment purchase as well as supplemental equipment purchases and staff member training. There is a need to develop standardized perioperative procedures or clinical guidelines that define optimal application of robotic‐assisted surgery to ensure a standard of care that is consistent across procedures and operators. Implementing a clinical pathway or guideline that is guided by evidence‐based practice will involve change. Lewin's 1947 basic change theory and the Marker umbrella model may be of use to help facilitate change.
Simple Solutions for Reducing First‐Procedure Delays
Authors: Fezza Maria , Palermo Gina Bledsoe 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFirst‐procedure delays in the OR result in loss of revenue and subsequent procedure delays for patients, staff members, and other surgeons. Members of a committee at New York University Medical Hospital determined that the major cause of the delays in the OR was late arrival of surgeons, and they developed a plan to reduce first‐procedure delays in the OR through a physician accountability initiative. Committee members attempted to modify surgeon behavior by requiring the documentation of surgeons' arrival times and by reporting their daily attendance time. They sent daily e‐mail reminders asking surgeons with scheduled procedures to arrive 20 minutes before the procedure. This resulted in a 13% decrease in first‐procedure delays within two weeks and improvement continued. Overall, the plan improved first‐procedure delays from an initial on‐time start rate of 24% to 80%.
AUTOMATIC CONTINUITY OF n-HOMOMORPHISMS BETWEEN TOPOLOGICAL ALGEBRAS
Authors: HONARY TAHER G. , SHAYANPOUR H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA map θ:A→B between algebras A and B is called n-multiplicative if θ(a1a2⋯an)=θ(a1) θ(a2)⋯θ(an) for all elements a1,a2,…,an∈A. If θ is also linear then it is called an n-homomorphism. This notion is an extension of a homomorphism. We obtain some results on automatic continuity of n-homomorphisms between certain topological algebras, as well as Banach algebras. The main results are extensions of Johnson’s theorem to surjective n-homomorphisms on topological algebras, a theorem due to C. E. Rickart in 1950 to dense range n-homomorphisms on topological algebras and two theorems due to E. Park and J. Trout in 2009 to * -preserving n-homomorphisms on lmc * -algebras.
INDECOMPOSABLE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE EUCLIDEAN ALGEBRA 𝔢(3) FROM IRREDUCIBLE REPRESENTATIONS OF
Authors: DOUGLAS ANDREW , REPKA JOE 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Euclidean group E(3) is the noncompact, semidirect product group E(3)≅ℝ3⋊SO(3). It is the Lie group of orientation-preserving isometries of three-dimensional Euclidean space. The Euclidean algebra 𝔢(3) is the complexification of the Lie algebra of E(3). We embed the Euclidean algebra 𝔢(3) into the simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak {sl}(4,\mathbb {C})$ and show that the irreducible representations V (m,0,0) and V (0,0,m) of $\mathfrak {sl}(4,\mathbb {C})$ are 𝔢(3)-indecomposable, thus creating a new class of indecomposable 𝔢(3) -modules. We then show that V (0,m,0) may decompose.
COHERENT STATES IN BERNOULLI NOISE FUNCTIONALS
Authors: WANG CAISHI , HAN QI 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLet (Ω,ℱ,ℙ) be a probability space and Z=(ZK)k∈ℕ a Bernoulli noise on (Ω,ℱ,ℙ) which has the chaotic representation property. In this paper, we investigate a special family of functionals of Z, which we call the coherent states. First, with the help of Z, we construct a mapping ϕ from l2(ℕ) to ℒ2(Ω,ℱ,ℙ) which is called the coherent mapping. We prove that ϕ has the continuity property and other properties of operation. We then define functionals of the form ϕ(f) with f∈l2 (ℕ) as the coherent states and prove that all the coherent states are total in ℒ2 (Ω,ℱ,ℙ) . We also show that ϕ can be used to factorize ℒ2 (Ω,ℱ,ℙ) . Finally we give an application of the coherent states to calculus of quantum Bernoulli noise.
Challenging the Economic Reform Paradigm: Policy and Politics in the Early 1980s' Collapse of the Rural Co-operative Medical System
Authors: Duckett Jane 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOver the last two decades an economic reform paradigm has dominated social security and health research: economic reform policies have defined its parameters, established its premises, generated its questions and even furnished its answers. This paradigm has been particularly influential in accounts of the early 1980s' collapse of China's rural co-operative medical system (CMS), which is depicted almost exclusively as the outcome of the post-Mao economic policies that decollectivized agriculture. This article draws primarily on government documents and newspaper reports from the late 1970s and early 1980s to argue that CMS collapse is better explained by a change in health policy. It shows that this policy change was in turn shaped both by post-Mao elite politics and by CMS institutions dating back to the late 1960s. The article concludes by discussing how an explanation of CMS collapse that is centred on health policy and politics reveals the limitations of the economic reform paradigm and contributes to a fuller understanding of the post-Mao period.
The Local Environmental State in China: A Study of County-Level Cities in Suzhou
Authors: Li Yu-wai , Miao Bo , Lang Graeme 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLocal administration in China remains a contested territory of environmental governance. Economic growth often comes with high environmental cost; the central government's environmental regulations are implemented unevenly. This article examines the experience of policy uptake and adoption of the National Model City of Environmental Protection programme in the county-level cities of the Suzhou Municipality. It analyses the rationales for these cities' adoption of the policy, and implications for the emergence of the “environmental state” in local China. It suggests that while economic development remains an important priority of local officials, this preference is not immutable and is now complemented in some areas by substantial local commitments to environmental good practice, often under the influence of local leaders as well as provincial authorities.
Preparing the People for Mass Clemency: The 1956 Japanese War Crimes Trials in Shenyang and Taiyuan
Authors: Jacobs Justin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe lack of official government attention to Japanese war crimes during the Mao years has been widely acknowledged. Yet in the summer of 1956, years of preparatory work by Zhou Enlai culminated in the little-known and summarily dismissed trials of 1,062 self-confessed Japanese war criminals in Shenyang and Taiyuan. The extraordinarily lenient sentences given to 45 of the worst offenders – and wholesale pardons of 1,017 – were prompted by larger geopolitical considerations that effectively hamstrung PRC authorities from bringing the trials into closer alignment with previous ones in Europe and Japan. Zhou's determination to adopt a “policy of leniency” towards the Japanese prisoners, however, was sorely at odds with the sentiments of the general public. The need to prepare the people for a counterintuitive mass clemency saw a sudden and drastic shift in media discourse in 1954, followed by a series of remarkable cultural and intellectual campaigns that were designed to persuade the Chinese people that they should henceforth let bygones be bygones.
ON THE LOOMIS–SIKORSKI THEOREM FOR MV-ALGEBRAS WITH INTERNAL STATE
Authors: DI NOLA A. , DVUREČENSKIJ A. , LETTIERI A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn Flaminio and Montagna [‘An algebraic approach to states on MV-algebras’, in:Fuzzy Logic 2,Proc. 5th EUSFLAT Conference, Ostrava, 11–14 September 2007 (ed. V. Novák) (Universitas Ostraviensis, Ostrava, 2007), Vol. II, pp. 201–206; ‘MV-algebras with internal states and probabilistic fuzzy logic’,Internat. J. Approx. Reason.50(2009), 138–152], the authors introduced MV-algebras with an internal state, called state MV-algebras. (The letters MV stand for multi-valued.) In Di Nola and Dvurečenskij [‘State-morphism MV-algebras’,Ann. Pure Appl. Logic161(2009), 161–173], a stronger version of state MV-algebras, called state-morphism MV-algebras, was defined. In this paper, we present the Loomis–Sikorski theorem forσ-complete MV-algebras with aσ-complete state-morphism-operator, showing that every such MV-algebra is aσ-homomorphic image of a tribe of functions with an internal state induced by a function where all the MV-operations are defined by points.
GENERALIZED AMENABILITY PROPERTIES OF THE BEURLING ALGEBRAS
Authors: GHAHRAMANI F. , SAMEI E. , ZHANG YONG 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe show that every one-codimensional closed two-sided ideal in a boundedly approximately contractible Banach algebra has a bounded approximate identity. We use this to give a complete characterization of bounded approximate contractibility of Beurling algebras associated to symmetric weights. We give a slight modification of a criterion for bounded approximate contractibility. We use our criterion to show that, for the quasi-SIN groups, in the presence of a certain growth condition on a weight, the associated Beurling algebra is boundedly approximately amenable if and only if it is boundedly approximately contractible. We show that approximate amenability of a Beurling algebra on an IN group necessitates the amenability of the group. Finally, we show that, for every locally compact abelian group, in the presence of a growth condition on the weight, 2n-weak amenability of the associated Beurling algebra is equivalent to every point-derivation vanishing at the augmentation character.
POSITIVE LAWS ON LARGE SETS OF GENERATORS: COUNTEREXAMPLES FOR INFINITELY GENERATED GROUPS
Authors: ACCIARRI CRISTINA , FERNÁNDEZ-ALCOBER GUSTAVO A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractShumyatsky and the second author proved that if G is a finitely generated residually finite p-group satisfying a law, then, for almost all primes p, the fact that a normal and commutator-closed set of generators satisfies a positive law implies that the whole of G also satisfies a (possibly different) positive law. In this paper, we construct a counterexample showing that the hypothesis of finite generation of the group G cannot be dispensed with.
Comparing conventional and organic olive groves in central Greece: plant and bird diversity and abundance
Authors: Solomou Alexandra , Sfougaris Athanassios 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe present study was conducted in Magnesia Prefecture, central Greece, during the period May–June 2007. It aimed at the comparison between conventional and certified organic olive groves with regard to olive and olive oil production, diversity of plants (herbaceous and woody) and diversity and abundance of avifauna. Correlations between variables within herbaceous plants (linear regression) and woody plants (Principal Component Analysis), and the role of integration time of olive groves to the organic system were investigated. Also, finding easily measurable parameters indicating high bird diversity levels within organic and conventional management systems was a main target of the study. According to our findings, neither edible olive yield nor olive oil yield showed significant differences between conventional and certified organic olive groves. There is an increasing trend for alpha and beta diversity of herbaceous plant species, woody plant beta diversity, density and cover of woody plants, and density of breeding birds in certified organic olive groves (10 years) in comparison with conventional ones. The effect of time since the adoption of organic procedures is very important and produces benefits for the biodiversity. In the total olive groves 15 insectivorous, six granivorous and three insectivorous/granivorous birds species were recorded. Nine bird species distinguished by Ward's hierarchical clustering were identified as typical (indicator value, IndVal>50%) of specific farming systems. Among them, the Eurasian jay, associated with the 10-year certified organic olive groves, and the common cuckoo, Orphean warbler and Red-backed shrike, associated with the 6-year certified organic olive groves, should be regarded as characteristic species (IndVal>70%). Conclusively, organic farming favors some aspects of diversity of herbaceous and woody plants of olive grove ecosystems. On the contrary, similar effects on breeding bird diversity and density were not clearly recorded. However, breeding bird density proved a good indicator of their richness.
Mechanical requirement and influence on the design and manufacturing of beam position monitor of Taiwan photon source
Authors: Hsueh H. P. , Huang I. T. , Chang C. C. , Hsu S. N. , Hsiung G. Y. , Chen J. R. 
Published: April 2011

The beam position monitors (BPMs) with submicron-level resolution act as the major eyes of storage ring in detecting the position of electron beams and are used for feedback system to guide the beam orbit to the desired track. Compared to major improvements on backend electronics, the physical devices generate and transmit signals had little improvement due to the lack of control on manufacturing processes including all mechanical tolerance requirements. The design started with ANSYS to simulate mechanical deformation. Due to the small size (submillimetre) and complicated assembly of feedthrough structure, it is difficult to achieve 1 % tolerance (submicron) in all aspects including machining and brazing. The smallest tolerance for machining is 5 µ and the overall tolerance will be 30 µm. The influence of the tolerance on mechanical will be shown on time-domain reflectometry measurement. The resulted heat-related issue will also be discussed and addressed since the problem happened at SLAC (private communication with Albert Sheng at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) and DIAMOND (presented at the RF Button Heating Mini-Workshop at EPAC 2008). Manufacturing steps will be described. The consequence of mismatch on manufacturing will be discussed. All related measurement and simulation data are presented in this paper.
Party Polarization: Congressional Divergence on Environmental Policy from 1970–2008
Authors: Tanger Shaun M. , Laband David N. , Zeng Peng 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
We investigate empirically the importance of a conjectured linkage between economic conditions and increasing party divergence with respect to national-level environmental policy in the US. Using data from 1970–2008, we find that increases in the rate of unemployment are associated with increases in divergence between the two parties with respect to voting on environmental legislation; a result that is consistent for both the House and Senate. We also report evidence of a positive relationship between party divergence on environmental legislation and real per capita income (inflation) in the House (Senate).
Acoustic surveys confirm the high-density areas of harbour porpoises found by satellite tracking
Authors: Sveegaard Signe , Teilmann Jonas , Berggren Per , Mouritsen Kim N. , Gillespie Douglas , Tougaard Jakob 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSveegaard, S., Teilmann, J., Berggren, P., Mouritsen, K. N., Gillespie, D., and Tougaard, J. 2011. Acoustic surveys confirm the high-density areas of harbour porpoises found by satellite tracking. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 929–936. The population status of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) has long been of concern in European waters. Consequently, the European Commission (EC) Habitats Directive obligates all EC member states to designate marine protected areas (MPAs) for harbour porpoises before 2012. These will be designated areas having the greatest density of porpoises. However, little is known about comparability between the monitoring methods used to examine porpoise distribution and density, and conflicting results may arise, especially when considering their varying sample size and temporal and spatial scales. Here, vessel-based acoustic surveys are seen as an independent method of testing the temporal and spatial permanence of previously identified areas of high density of harbour porpoises found by satellite-tracking them in inner Danish waters. Based on six acoustic surveys, a strong spatial accord was found between the number of acoustic detections of harbour porpoises and their density distribution obtained from 10 years of satellite tracking. The results confirm the presence and permanence of areas of high density of porpoises and validate the two methods for identifying and monitoring future MPAs for the species.
The Scuttle Fly Megaselia abdita (Phoridae): A Link between Drosophila and Mosquito Development
Authors: Rafiqi Ab. Matteen , Lemke Steffen , Schmidt-Ott Urs 
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTIONThe insect order Diptera (true flies) has great potential in evolutionary developmental biology, featuring the “fruit fly,” Drosophila melanogaster, one of the best-studied genetic model systems in developmental biology, and many human disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes, blackflies, sandflies, tsetse flies). However, the embryos of only a few dipteran species are currently amenable to efficient functional analyses of developmental genes. As described here, the phorid fly Megaselia abdita has been used as model in evolutionary developmental biology and has been an important species in forensic studies.
Production of SIV Vectors for Gene Delivery
Authors: Verhoeyen Els , Cosset François-Loïc , Nègre Didier 
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTIONThe acquisition of vectors suitable for in vivo gene delivery has been a recurrent theme in gene therapy research. Several challenging hurdles must be overcome to reach this goal. First, the vectors must be prepared at high titers. Second, to avoid inactivation, the gene-transfer vectors should not be recognized by the host immune system. Third, the vectors should be able to replicate and to express a transgene in cells that are nonproliferating or slowly proliferating, a predominant situation in vivo. Lentiviral vectors derived from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are similar to those derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 or HIV-2) in that they can insert transgenes in nonproliferating cells. It is becoming clear, however, that SIV vectors perform better than HIV-1 vectors in simian cells, and thus may be a valid alternative to HIV-1-based vectors in the early phases of the clinical testing of lentiviral vectors in nonhuman primate models. This protocol describes the production of SIV vector particles and the assay used to measure transduction efficiency. Included also are methods for detecting replication-competent retroviruses (RCRs) and testing the putative mobilization of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-containing SIV vector. The percentage of GFP-positive cells is determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). These safety assays make use of sMAGI target cells that are permissive to SIVmac251 replication and harbor a stably integrated lacZ transcription unit driven by the SIV/HIV tat-inducible HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR).
Imaging Techniques for Measuring the Materials Properties of Cells
Authors: Kasza Karen E. , Vader David , Köster Sarah , Wang Ning , Weitz David A. 
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTIONThe “materials properties” of a biological material include its composition and microscopic structure and the relationship between its structure and its mechanical properties. For living cells, the motor-driven internal motion also significantly impacts the properties, even independently of any remodeling of the cell structure that can occur. These materials properties dictate the passive mechanical response of the material to an applied force. The mechanical properties of cells and tissues are essential for their function and health and affect how cells actively respond to mechanical force in important biological processes, ranging from motility to differentiation and morphogenesis. The mechanical properties of bulk tissues can be determined by traditional rheological techniques that measure the force required to stretch, compress, or shear macroscopic tissue. However, individual cells are too small to be measured by such methods and have highly heterogeneous structures; thus techniques are required that can probe soft materials at the micrometer scale. A variety of microrheological techniques, developed to determine the materials properties of cells, reveal that living cells have materials properties that are quite unusual compared with common inert materials. Cells are active, nonequilibrium materials with a highly nonlinear elasticity. This article presents a subset of microrheological techniques that involve optical imaging of micrometer-sized probes on or within individual cells, describes how to analyze probe motions, and discusses limitations of the techniques.