bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impurity states on the honeycomb and the triangular lattices using the Green's function method
Authors: Sherafati Mohammad , Satpathy Sashi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUsing the Green's function (GF) method, we study the effect of an impurity potential on the electronic structure of the honeycomb lattice in the one‐band tight‐binding model that contains both the nearest‐neighbor (NN) (t) and the second‐neighbor (t′) interactions. If t = 0, the honeycomb lattice goes over to the triangular lattice, a case we also discuss. The model is relevant to the case of the substitutional vacancy in graphene. If the second‐neighbor interaction is large enough (t′ > t/3), then the linear Dirac bands no longer occur at the Fermi energy and the electronic structure is therefore fundamentally changed. With only the NN interactions present, there is particle–hole symmetry, as a result of which the vacancy induces a “zero‐mode” state at the band center with its wave function entirely on the majority sublattice, i.e., on the sublattice not containing the vacancy. With the introduction of the second‐neighbor interaction, the zero‐mode state broadens into a resonance peak and its wave function spreads into both sublattices, as may be argued from the Lippmann–Schwinger equation. The zero‐mode state disappears entirely for the triangular lattice and for the honeycomb lattice as well if t′ is large. In case of graphene, t′ is relatively small, so that a well‐defined zero‐mode state occurs in the vicinity of the band center.
Auto‐barrier‐thinning effect under rapid anodization of nanoporous alumina membrane
Authors: Banerjee Arghya Narayan , Joo Sang W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe have developed a rapid non‐steady anodization technique that leads to an in‐situ auto‐thinning of the barrier layer due to a space charge limited condition that modifies the local fields at the interfaces of the Al‐Al2O3‐electrolyte ternary system. Unlike steady‐state growth, in this non‐steady case an unequal movement of the boundaries of barrier takes place which etches the electrolyte‐oxide interface more than the oxide grows at the oxide‐metal interface, leading to a thinner barrier layer and favouring its complete removal via wet‐etching process. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radar characteristics of continental, coastal, and maritime convection observed during AMMA/NAMMA
Authors: Guy Nick , Rutledge Steven A. , Cifelli Robert 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGround‐based radar observations at three distinct geographical locations in West Africa along a common latitudinal band (Niamey, Niger (continental), Kawsara, Senegal (coastal), and Praia, Republic of Cape Verde (maritime)) are analyzed to determine convective system characteristics in each domain during a 29‐day period in 2006. Ancillary datasets provided by the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) and NASA‐AMMA (NAMMA) field campaigns are also used to place the radar observations in context. Results show that the total precipitation is dominated by propagating mesoscale convective systems. Convective characteristics vary according to environmental properties, such as vertical shear, CAPE, and the degree of synoptic forcing. Data are bifurcated based on the presence or absence of African easterly waves. In general, African easterly waves appear to enhance mesoscale convective system strength characteristics (e.g. total precipitation and vertical reflectivity profiles) at the inland and maritime sites. The wave regime also resulted in an increased population of the largest observed mesoscale convective systems observed near the coast, which led to an increase in stratiform precipitation. Despite this increase, differentiation of convective strength characteristics was less obvious between wave and no‐wave regimes at the coast. Owing to the propagating nature of these advecting mesoscale convective systems, interaction with the regional thermodynamic and dynamic environment appears to result in more variability than enhancements due to the wave regime, independent of location. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Integration test effort in sap r/3 systems
Authors: van de Griend P. A. , Kusters R. J. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThis paper describes an experimental approach towards the definition of a metric for integration test effort based on enterprise resource planning (ERP) system logs. By nature, ERP systems are complex. After implementing an ERP‐system, it is typically subjected to many, and often concurrent, changes. On the one hand, these factors that cause the effort, which is to be invested in integration testing, become exceptionally hard to predict. On the other hand, the effect of invested integration test effort can seldom be determined for the same reasons. To show how aspects of effort can be distilled from the flow of changes, we propose a change stream reconstruction process based on sap r/3 (SAP AG, Walldorf, Germany) system logs. Next, we introduce sampling methods yielding multivariate datasets, which bring the following results. The number of carriers of the change and their testing lead‐time correlate moderately. The number of objects comprising the system's code and configuration, which have been touched during the change process, and lapsed testing lead‐time are not correlated. Six independent cases are subjected to two distinct lines of investigation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data confidentiality
Authors: Reiter Jerome P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWhen releasing data to the public, data disseminators typically are required to protect the confidentiality of survey respondents' identities and attribute values. Removing direct identifiers such as names and addresses generally is not sufficient to eliminate disclosure risks, so that data must be altered before release to limit the risks of unintended disclosures. When intense data alteration is needed to ensure protection, the quality of the released data can be seriously degraded. This article reviews a disclosure limitation approach called synthetic data, in which values of confidential data are replaced with simulations from statistical models. Theoretical and empirical investigations have shown that synthetic data approaches have the potential to result in higher data quality than other disclosure limitation procedures, particularly when intense data alteration is necessary. The article discusses the main variants of synthetic data approaches, namely full synthesis and partial synthesis. It includes discussions of synthetic data generation and disclosure risk assessment. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 450–456 DOI: 10.1002/wics.174This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Networks and Security
Data: Types and Structure > Data Preparation and Processing
d‐dimer as a marker of severity in patients with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Ke Lu , Ni Hai‐bin , Tong Zhi‐hui , Li Wei‐qin , Li Ning , Li Jie‐shou 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeCoagulative disorder is known to occur in the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) andd‐dimer is a commonly used clinical parameter of hemostasis. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the plasmad‐dimer level as a marker of severity in the first 3 days after admission in patients with SAP.MethodsFrom January 2009 to February 2011, 45 patients admitted for SAP were included in this observational study. Thed‐dimer level was measured on a daily basis during days 1‐3 after admission and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and other clinical parameters were recorded at the same time. The maximum and the meand‐dimer values were used for analysis and compared with other prognostic factors of SAP.ResultsBoth the maximum and mean levels ofd‐dimer were significantly different between patients with and without clinical variables such as multiple‐organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), need for surgical intervention, and the presence of pancreatic infection. Thed‐dimer level also showed great precision for the prediction of MODS and secondary infection. Additionally, thed‐dimer level correlated well with two usual markers of SAP severity—the APACHE II score and the C‐reactive protein level.Conclusiond‐dimer measurement is a useful, easy, and inexpensive early prognostic marker of the evolution and complications of SAP.
Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of breakfast predict cognitive function and mood in school children: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Micha Renata , Rogers Peter J. , Nelson Michael 
Published: June 2011

The macronutrient composition of a breakfast that could facilitate performance after an overnight fast remains unclear. As glucose is the brain's major energy source, the interest is in investigating meals differing in their blood glucose-raising potential. Findings vary due to unaccounted differences in glucoregulation, arousal and cortisol secretion. We investigated the effects of meals differing in glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) on cognition and mood in school children. A total of seventy-four school children were matched and randomly allocated either to the high-GL or low-GL group. Within each GL group, children received high-GI and low-GI breakfasts. Cognitive function (CF) and mood were measured 95–140 min after breakfast. Blood glucose and salivary cortisol were measured at baseline, before and after the CF tests. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to identify differences in CF, mood, glucose and cortisol levels between the breakfasts. Low-GI meals predicted feeling more alert and happy, and less nervous and thirsty (P < 0·05 for each); high-GL meals predicted feeling more confident, and less sluggish, hungry and thirsty (P < 0·05 for each). High-GL (P < 0·001) and high-GI (P = 0·05) meals increased glucose levels 90 min after breakfast, and high-GI meals increased cortisol levels (P < 0·01). When baseline mood, glucose and cortisol levels were considered, low-GI meals predicted better declarative-verbal memory (P = 0·03), and high-GI meals better vigilance (P < 0·03); observed GI effects were valid across GL groups. GI effects on cognition appear to be domain specific. On balance, it would appear that the low-GI high-GL breakfast may help to improve learning, and of potential value in informing government education policies relating to dietary recommendations and implementation concerning breakfast.
Old Testament Promissio and Luther's New Hermeneutic
Authors: Preus James S. 
Published: June 2011

In the main stream of contemporary Luther scholarship, there is broad agreement that the emergence of “reformation theology” is organically related to, if not constituted by, a new biblical hermeneutic.Furthermore, in the search for the “sources of Luther's theology,” historians have to be, and are, frequently reminded that Luther may have gotten some of his key ideas from the Bible — however important Augustine, Bernard, Occam, Biel or Staupitz may have been for his theological formation.Accepting these two assertions, I wish to question the adequacy of the current interpretation of Luther's hermeneutical development, and to indicate the direction in which I believe the hermeneutical changes evident in Luther's earliest exegetical writing (the Dictata super psalterium, 1513–15) can help make better sense of the well-known theological innovations which appear in his writings of the 1520's.
Why Unnatural? The Tradition behind Romans 1:26–27
Authors: Ward Roy Bowen 
Published: June 2011

In his discussion of Romans 1:26–27, Robin Scroggs raised two important questions which have been the subject of much debate since the publication of his 1983 book. One is the question of why this passage mentions women at all in its remarks concerning same-sex acts. Scroggs commented:Since there are no Old Testament laws prohibiting female homosexuality, why does Paul include it here? If Paul is dependent on a preformed tradition for these two verses, he of course found it in that tradition. Why the tradition included it is a question to which I see no answer.
Friedrich Schleiermacher on the Central Place of Worship in Theology
Authors: Vial Theodore M. 
Published: June 2011

Suspicion raised by the Neo-orthodox movement concerning Schleiermacher's theological enterprise continues to cast its shadow. Karl Barth framed this suspicion perspicaciously in terms of an “either/or” in his “Concluding Unscientific Postscript on Schleiermacher”:Is Schleiermacher's enterprise concerned (a) necessarily, intrinsically, and authentically with a Christiantheologyoriented toward worship, preaching, instruction, and pastoral care? Does it only accidentally, extrinsically, and inauthentically wear the dress of a philosophy accommodated to the person of his time…? Or is his enterprise concerned (b) primarily, intrinsically, and authentically with aphilosophy…indifferent as to Christianity and which would have wrapped itself only accidentally, extrinsically, and inauthentically in the garments of a particular theology, which here happens to be Christian?
High levels of Schistosoma mansoni infections among schoolchildren in central Sudan one year after treatment with praziquantel
Authors: Ahmed A.M. , El Tash L.A. , Mohamed E.Y. , Adam I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate the impact of praziquantel (PZQ) for the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection among schoolchildren in Al Gunaid in Central Sudan. A cohort of schoolchildren (6–15 years of age) was investigated before and 1 year after treatment with a single dose of PZQ 40 mg/kg. Parasitological examinations for S. mansoni were performed before and after treatment, and prevalence and intensity of infection were analysed. Of 2741 schoolchildren recruited from six elementary schools at baseline, 2521 were successfully traced and re-examined at follow-up, with two complete sets of longitudinal parasitological data on S. mansoni. Boys showed significantly higher prevalence of S. mansoni infection than girls. A single dose of PZQ reduced the overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection by 36.7% (from 59.1 to 37.4%) and the intensity of infection by 41.1% (from 116.7 to 68.7 eggs per gram of stool) 1 year after treatment. The reduction in prevalence was significantly higher among the group of children with heavy infections (by 76.1%, from 6.7 to 1.6%) and among girls (by 54.1%, 42.3 to 19.4%) at 1 year after treatment. Thus, in spite of a significant reduction in the prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni infection 1 year after PZQ treatment, the prevalence of the disease was still high and further research is needed on this topic.
Endoscopic management of rhinocerebral mucormycosis with topical and intravenous amphotericin B
Authors: Saedi B , Sadeghi M , Seilani P 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:Mucormycosis is an aggressive fungal infection which may still cause fatal complications. However, the rarity of this disease has made optimal treatment a controversial issue. This study aimed to evaluate the use of topical amphotericin B in endoscopic management of rhinocerebral mucormycosis.Subjects and methods:Thirty patients with infection limited to the nose and sinuses were selected. Patients underwent endoscopic debridement of all necrotic tissue; cottonoid pledgets soaked in amphotericin B solution were then placed in the nasal cavity. Subsequently, long-term antifungal therapy was administered.Results:The overall survival rate was 60 per cent (18 cases); survival rates in the diabetic and malignancy groups were 70.58 and 40 per cent, respectively. Apart from predisposing factors, orbital and maxillary sinus involvement also had a significant correlation with patient outcome.Conclusion:Topical use of amphotericin B combined with endoscopic surgical debridement, followed by intravenous amphotericin B treatment, may constitute acceptable management for selected patients, with less morbidity than conventional treatments.
Nicolas Coldstream (1927–2008)
Authors: Cadogan Gerald 
Published: June 2011

Nicolas Coldstream, archaeologist of Greece and the Mediterranean in the 9th and 8th centuries bc, was born in India, educated in England, and carried out the research for his first masterpiece Greek Geometric Pottery (1968) while Macmillan Student at the British School at Athens (1957–60). In 1960 he began a long career at the University of London, culminating with the Yates Chair of Classical Archaeology at University College. Renowned as a teacher, he drew many graduate students, especially from Greece and Cyprus. As a prolific scholar, he also wrote Geometric Greece (1977), many articles, several reports on excavations including The Sanctuary of Demeter at Knossos (1973), the Knossos North Cemetery (1996) with Hector Catling, and Kythera (1972) with George Huxley, as well as the revised editions of his two fundamental monographs.O Nicolas Coldstream, αρχανολόγος της Ελλάδας και της Μεσογείου του 9ου και 8ου αιώνα π.Χ., γεννήθηκε στην Ινδία, σπούδασε στην Αγγλία και πραγματοποίησε έρευνα για την πρώτη του εξαιρετική μονογραφία Greek Geometric Pottery (1968) ως Macmillan Student της Βρετανικής Σχολής Αθηνών (1957–1960). Το 1960 ξεκίνησε την πολύχρονη σταδιοδρομία του στο Πανεπιστήμιο του Λονδίνου, αποκορύφωμα της οποίας υπήρξε η εκλογή του στην έδρα Yates της Κλασικής Αρχαιολογίας στο University College. Διάσημος πανεπιστημιακός δάσκαλος, προσέλκυσε πολλούς μεταπτυχνακούς φοιτητές, ιδιαίτερα από την Ελλάδα και την Κύπρο. Επιστήμονας με μεγάλο ερευνητικό και συγγραφικό έργο, δημοσίευσε επίσης τη μονογραφία Geometrie Greece (1977), πλήθος άρθρων και αρκετές ανασκαφικές εκθέσεις μεταξύ των οποίων The Sanctuary of Demeter στην Κνωσό (1973), Knossos North Cemetery (1996) με τον Hector Catling, Kythera (1972) με τον George Huxley, καθώς επίσης και τις ανατεωρημένες εκδόσεις των δύο βασικών μονογραφιών του.
X-Radiography of Knossian Bronze Age Vessels: Assessing our Knowledge of Primary Forming Techniques
Authors: Berg Ina 
Published: June 2011

This article investigates the potential of X-radiography for identifying primary forming techniques of Cretan Bronze Age vessels. X-radiography of 95 EM III through to LM II vessels from Knossos has now demonstrated its suitability for fine, semicoarse and coarse Cretan fabrics. In several cases, it has been possible to rectify erroneous attributions based on visual inspection alone and to provide more specific details of the diversity and development of past forming techniques.Στο άρθρο αυτό εξετάζονται οι δυνατότητες της ραδιογραφίας ακτίνων-Χ στην αναγνώριση βασικών τεχνικών κατασκευής των κρητικών αγγείων της Εποχής του Χαλκού. Η ακτινογράφηση ενενήντα πέντε IIM III έως και YM II αγγείων από την Κνωσό, χρονολογούμενων από την IIM III έως την YM II, απέδειξε την καταλληλότητά της τεχνικής αυτής για την εξέταση της κρητικής λεπτής, ημιχονδροειδούς και χονδροειδούς κεραμικής. Σε αρκετές περιπτώσεις, κατέστη δυνατόν να διορθωθούν εσφαλμένα συμπεράσματα, που είχαν βασιστεί αποκλειστικά σε οπτική παρατήρηση, και να διευκρινιστούν καλύτερα συγκρεκριμενες περισσότερο οι ακριβείς λεπτομέρειες ως προς την ποικιλία και την εξέλιξη των παλαιών τεχνικών κατασκευής.
Sentence production in Parkinson disease: Effects of conceptual and task complexity
Authors: TROCHE MICHELLE S. , ALTMANN LORI J. P. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTExperimental studies of sentence production in Parkinson disease (PD) are rare. This study examined the relationship between cognitive abilities and performance on two sentence production tasks, sentence repetition, and sentence generation, in which complexity was manipulated. Thirty-eight older adults aged 60 to 85, half with PD, completed the two language tasks plus a cognitive battery. Participants with PD performed more poorly in the repetition task overall, especially in fluency, but differences were no longer significant once cognitive ability was controlled. In contrast, on the sentence generation task the PD group was significantly impaired on all language dimensions and overall performance. Although cognitive ability accounted for significant variance in all measures of sentence generation, the PD group remained significantly impaired when these factors were controlled. These findings suggest that, although language production is influenced by cognitive abilities, it can be significantly impaired in PD over and above the effects of differences in cognitive abilities.
A developmental perspective on productive lexical knowledge in L2 oral interlanguage
Authors: DAVID ANNABELLE 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThis article reports on productive vocabulary development by instructed British learners of French over a five-year period (from age 13 to 18). Lexical diversity development was investigated through a semi-guided oral picture-based task. Results show that the students' lexical diversity (as measured by D) did significantly improve throughout the five years showing little sign of slower periods. Overall more noun types were observed than verb types in the composition of the lexicon throughout the study but with a consistent decrease in its proportion after Year 10. Further results using the Limiting Relative Diversity measure indicate that learners vary their use of nouns to a much larger extent than verbs. The discussion focuses on the noun-bias hypothesis and the use of different elicitation tasks.
Quality of life of patients with congenital heart diseases
Authors: Silva Ana M. , Vaz Cláudia , Areias Maria E. G. , Vieira Daniela , Proença Cidália , Viana Victor , Moura Cláudia , Areias José C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the perception of the quality of life of adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease and to examine the variables that have a negative impact on it and that add a resilience effect.MethodsA total of 22 male and 18 female patients, aged 12–26 years, of whom 27 were admitted to surgery and 13 were not, participated in this study. All patients had complete medical records and were interviewed once; demographic and clinical data were collected, and patients filled a questionnaire on quality of life, the WHOQOL-BREF, and underwent an interview on social support, educational style, self-image, functional limitations, and emotional adjustment.Results/ConclusionsOur patients showed a better perception of quality of life than did the general population, on the basis of psychological, social relationship and environment scales. Older patients hold a better perception of quality of life on the psychological scale. Cyanosis did not show any significant impact over perception of quality of life decay; however, the number of surgical procedures and the persistence of moderate-to-severe residual injuries had considerable detrimental effect. Social support had an impact on increasing resilience, promoting adjustment to illness. Several factors may play a role in adjustment to congenital heart disease, either improving the perception of quality of life or worsening it. We may conclude that some buffer variables on congenital heart disease may play roles in increasing the perception of quality of life of patients during their lifetime, social support probably explaining why the perception of quality of life is better than in the normal population. The number of surgeries and the moderate-to-severe residual injuries, however, reverted that effect.