bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action Unit-Based 3D Face Reconstruction Using Transformers
Authors: Kim Hyeonjin , Wang Pei , Lee Hyukjoon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The reconstruction of 3D face shapes and expressions from single 2D images remains unconquered due to the lack of detailed modeling of human facial movements such as the correlation between the different parts of faces. Facial action units (AUs), which represent detailed taxonomy of the human facial movements based on observation of activation of muscles or muscle groups, can be used to model various facial expression types. We present a novel 3D face reconstruction framework called AU feature-based 3D FAce Reconstruction using Transformer (AUFART) that can generate a 3D face model that is responsive to AU activation given a single monocular 2D image to capture expressions. AUFART leverages AU-specific features as well as facial global features to achieve accurate 3D reconstruction of facial expressions using transformers. We also introduce a loss function which is to force the learning toward the minimal discrepancy in AU activations between the input and rendered reconstruction. The proposed framework achieves an average F1 score of 0.39, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.
Covid-19 Vaccination Uptake Among Remote Communities in Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mahjom Maznieda , Shukor Imanul Hassan Abdul , Arip Masita , Saupin Sahipudin , Mohamad Fitri Suraya , Deraman Nurul Fadzilah , Ismail Rohaida , Sa Dzarifah Hanis Md , Udin Nurul Shahira Asyikin Mohd Redda , Ghazali Mizanurfakhri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Intro: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for highly contagious respiratory infectious disease causing a pandemic in 2020. It used angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for permitting their entry into the human cells. Initially, COVID-19 was managed through secondary and tertiary prevention. Many countries began to implement lockdown and vaccination programmes after developing vaccines. Most COVID-19 vaccines aim to prevent uptake via the human ACE2 receptor by inducing neutralising antibodies against the viral spike (S) protein. Malaysia implemented the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme (PICK) in February 2021, involving the government and society to vaccinate 80% of the population. The study aims to determine the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among remote communities in Malaysia and its associated factors.
Method: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in two phases between September 2021 and April 2023 among the remote communities in Malaysia, with 1005 respondents. A two-stage stratified random sampling method was applied to collect data from heads of households (HHs) in each enumeration block given by the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.
Result: The result revealed that 99% of remote communities were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccination. 99% of the participants had received the first dose of vaccination, while 92% had completed a series of vaccinations. Factors associated with vaccination uptake among remote communities were state location (2.01[1.62-2.80]), age (1.04[1.01-1.07]), and main transport to the workplace (0.45[0.26-0.78]).
Conclusion: Malaysia is more willing to take vaccination than Asian and European countries. Vaccination uptake among the remote communities in Malaysia is also higher than Thailand, Western Australia and South Africa. The contributing factors for the vaccination uptake and willingness were Whole-of-Government and Whole-of-Society approaches, no-cost for the vaccination to all residing in Malaysia, regardless of citizenship status and public area restriction if they did not have two doses of vaccination in their MySejahteraapplication.
Re-Irradiation of Anaplastic Meningioma: Higher dose and concomitant Bevacizumab may improve progression-free survival
Authors: Haisraely Ory , Taliansky Alicia , sivan Maayan , Lawernce Yaacov 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Anaplastic meningiomas, categorized as WHO grade 3 tumors, are rare and highly aggressive, accounting for 1%-2% of all meningioma cases. Despite aggressive treatment, including surgery and Radiation, they exhibit a high recurrence rate and poor survival outcomes. The aggressive histopathological features emphasize the urgent need for effective management strategies. Methods: A retrospective multi-institutional analysis was conducted on patients with recurrent anaplastic meningioma who underwent re-irradiation between 2017 and 2023. Clinical, dosimetric, and outcome data were collected and analyzed, focusing on local control, progression free survival and treatment-related adverse events. Results: Thirty-four cases were analyzed, with a median follow-up 11 months after re-irradiation. Progression-free survival at 12 months was 61.9%, with higher doses correlating with better outcomes. Concomitant Bevacizumab improves progression-free survival and reduces the risk of radiation necrosis. CDKN2A homozygote deletion correlated with a higher risk of local failure. Symptomatic radiation necrosis occurred in 20.5% of cases, but its incidence was lower with concomitant Bevacizumab treatment. Conclusion: Re-irradiation presents a viable option for recurrent anaplastic meningioma despite the associated risk of radiation necrosis. Higher doses with concomitant Bevacizumab improve clinical outcomes and reduce toxicity. Individualized treatment approaches are necessary, emphasizing the importance of further research to refine management strategies for this challenging disease.
Usefulness of neurological assessment scales in prognosis of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in Yorkshire Terriers
Authors: Brewińska Laura , Banasik Aleksandra , Czopowicz Michał , Płonek Marta , Giza Elżbieta , Czerwik Adriana , Olszewska Agnieszka , Flegel Thomas , Wrzosek Marcin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background – Attempts to determine the prognostic factors that affect the survival time of canine patients with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) have provided highly variable results. Scaled complex ratings to predict general outcomes are required. This study aimed to determine whether neurological assessment scales could be useful in the prognosis of Yorkshire Terriers with MUO. The study population comprised 127 Yorkshire terriers who met the inclusion criteria for a highly probable diagnosis of MUO. This multicenter, cohort study was designed as a retrospective review of medical records. Based on documented neurological examinations, animals were scored on three scales: the Modified Glasgow Coma Scale, Neuro Disability Scale 1 (Smith et al.), and Neuro Disability Scale 2 (Gonçalves et al.). The association between the scores and survival time was investigated over three time periods.
Results – All scales were significantly associated (p<0.001) with MUO-specific survival and death owing to MUO within the first 7 days and had high prognostic accuracy in terms of short-term prognosis. None of the scales was significantly associated with the probability of survival after 100 or 365 days. Dogs with unilateral lesions on magnetic resonance images (MRI) had approximately 12- and 3-fold higher odds of surviving until 100 and 365 days, respectively, than dogs with bilateral lesions on MRI. Dogs heavier than 3.2 kg at presentation had approximately 6-fold higher odds of survival until day 365.
Conclusions - The study provides strong evidence for a high short-term prognostic accuracy of the three neurological assessment scales in Yorkshire Terriers with MUO – the scales seem to be very useful in predicting death within the first week of the onset of MUO. Prognostic potential of the scales disappears, however, in the longer perspective and their place is taken by the spread of pathological lesions visualized in MRI and a patient’s weight.
The construction and preliminary validation of methylation haplotype load markers of multiple genes for cervical cancer screenings
Authors: Chen Tingting , Wang Yakun , Yang Yuan , Zhang Changning , Dai Yu , Yin Jian , Chen Simiao , Li Xinyue , Pi Ruoji , Li Tingyuan , Wang Zhini , Huang Ziyue , Wang Hui , Han Lu , Ren Lina , Yang Jinghong , DU Jingchang , Chen Wen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
At present, there are certain deficiencies in cervical cancer screening methods. Consequently, we aimed to establish a prediction model for cervical precancerous lesions utilizing DNA methylation haplotype load (MHL) markers.
Methods
Three machine learning models, namely, a random forest model (RF), a support vector machine model (SVM), and a naive Bayes model (NB), were developed based on the performance of 47 regions in 52 HR-HPV + cervical cytology specimens. Additionally, external validation of the three models was conducted using 101 HR-HPV + cervical cytological samples.
Results
From the initial 52 samples, we derived three models with respective area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.864, 0.867 and 0.847. Subsequently, in the validation phase involving 101 samples, the RF model demonstrated superior performance compared to the E6 protein detection model and p16Ki67 model in predicting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) lesions and above. Compared with the human papillomavirus (HPV) combined with cytology triage model, the RF prediction model had a PPV of 100% and an NPV of 95.15% in the HPV16/18-positive subgroup. Within the other high-risk-HPV-positive subgroups, the PPV and NPV were 41.67% and 92.36%, respectively.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the methylation haplotype load markers of multiple genes offer clear advantages in screening CIN2 lesions and above in cervical cancer. Furthermore, enhancing the methylation detection method has the potential to further improve the NPV of the prediction model.
Amino-acid PET as a prognostic tool after post Stupp protocol temozolomide therapy in high-grade glioma patients
Authors: Zinsz Adeline , Ahrari Shamimeh , Becker Jason , Mortada Ali , Roch Veronique , Doriat Louis , Santi Matthieu , Blonski Marie , Taillandier Luc , Zaragori Timothée , Verger Antoine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of amino-acid PET in high-grade gliomas (HGG) patients at the time of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment discontinuation, after the Stupp protocol.
Methods
The analysis included consecutive HGG patients with dynamic 18F-FDOPA PET imaging within 3 months of the end of TMZ therapy, post-Stupp protocol. Static and dynamic PET parameters, responses to RANO criteria for MRI and clinical and histo-molecular factors were correlated to progression-free (PFS).
Results
Thirty-two patients (59.4 [54.0;67.6] years old, 13 (41%) women) were included. Static PET parameters peak tumor-to-background ratio and metabolic tumor volume (respective thresholds of 1.9 and 1.5mL) showed the best 84% accuracies for predicting PFS at 6 months (p = 0.02). These static PET parameters were also independent predictor of PFS in multivariate analysis (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
In HGG patients having undergone a Stupp protocol, the absence of significant PET uptake after TMZ constitutes a favorable prognostic factor.
Beyond Binary: A Multi-Class Approach to Large Language Model-Generated Text Percentage Estimation
Authors: Goel Ankush , Kumar Vineet , Patra Saibal , Yadav Savita 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The usage of AI in the workplace has increased to 22% of those polled, underscoring the increasing demand for the detection of AI-generated material. With an AUROC of 0.95, DetectGPT beat previous models, demonstrating its efficacy in identifying text written by LLM. Still, there are difficulties in recognizing subtleties that are typical of text generated by language models. This study presents perc-DETECTLLM, a unique method to precisely estimate the percentage of LLM- generated text by combining a zero-shot model with a Bayesian model. perc-DETECTLLM as compared to other models, shows promising results with an accuracy of 72.1% and a recall rate of 81.0%, solving the difficulties in machine-generated text detection. More than 500K samples from different domains makeup constitute our dataset, which makes thorough model training and assessment possible. Perc-DETECTLLM achieves promising text classification results by estimating the overall percentage of LLM-generated text using Bayesian inference. Ensemble techniques perform better and are used as a standard for LLM detection models. Compared to rule-based approaches, perc- DETECTLLM's data-driven methodology improves accuracy and dependability. Overall, all the experiment results are promising and could be extended to other domains, there are still difficulties with dynamic thresholding processes and perturbation function optimization, which points to areas for further study. With perc-DETECTLLM, textual content authentication in the digital age is feasible and is a substantial improvement in LLM-generated text detection.
Dietary protein levels for juvenile matrinxã Brycon amazonicus produced in biofloc and clear water systems
Authors: Cunha Rafaelle Borges , Affonso Elizabeth Gusmão , Suita Sabrina Medeiros , Silva Marcos Antônio , Abe Higo Andrade , Freitas Thiago Mendes 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study evaluated potential for rearing the matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, under different crude protein (CP) levels, using production performance, water quality and animal welfare as indicators. To achieve this, 720 juvenile fish (3.65 ± 0.17 g) were distributed across 24 experimental units (200 L) and fee study lasted 60 days. The study followed a factorial design (2x4), with two production systems: Biofloc technology (BFT) and clear water (CW), and four levels of crude protein (CP = 24%, 30%, 36%, and 42%) in the diet, with three repetitions for each. The study found that the BFT system showed a lower total ammonia level. However, the production system did not have any effect on pH or nitrite concentration. Oxygen levels were found to be lower in the 42% CP group. Fish produced in the BFT exhibited better performance of apparent feed conversion, productivity, and survival. The production system affected total leukocytes and neutrophils in the blood. There was no significant difference in carcass crude protein content and the ether extract content was higher in the animals from the BFT system. Nutritional composition of the biofloc showed differences for ash, with lower levels in the 42% CP treatment. In conclusion, juvenile matrinxã can be fed a diet containing 30% CP in both production systems. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that biofloc did not confer a direct benefit to matrinxã juveniles in terms of their feeding, however BFT represented a promising alternative for increasing the survival and improved animal welfare during the rearing phase.
A Family-based Preventive Programme Decreases the Incidence and Severity of Early Childhood Caries in Rural Preschool Children; The Early Smiles Programme
Authors: Méndez Fabián , Duffau Natalie , Pérez Vidal , Giacaman Rodrigo A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Our aim is to propose a novel family-based preventive programme (Early Smiles) that uses promotional and preventive early interventions in the family, to reduce the onset and severity of caries lesions in rural preschool children. After conducting a baseline cross-sectional study with 2-, 4- and 6-year-old children under traditional dental care (Control Group; n=101), a non-randomized community trial including children aged 2, 4, and 6 years from rural areas in southern Chile was devised (Intervention Group; n=107). Dental caries lesions were assessed using the ICDAS index and the dmft and caries significance index (SiC) were determined. Caries prevalence, the dmft, and SiC in 2-year-old children intervened in the Early Smiles program decreased by 73.11%, 81.50%, and 74.78% respectively (p<0.001). The number of cavitated lesions decreased significantly in 2- and 4-year-old children by 77.38% and 86.88% respectively (p<0.001). In the intervention Group, caries lesion severity in 2- and 4-year-old children presented less severe codes (ICDAS 3 and 4) than the control group. Interventions based on behavioural change, with the family, within the interdisciplinary health team, and early in life, seems to be highly effective in reducing the burden of caries lesions in 2-year-old children from rural areas.
Cumulative sum analysis of ultrasound-guided distal radial artery cannulation for invasive blood pressure monitoring: Three operators experience
Authors: Cheng Xuemei , Zhang Jie , Zhou Jiejie , Huang Ge , Xiong Jingwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective: Distal radial artery (dRA) cannulation for invasive blood pressure monitoring under ultrasound (US) guidance is a technically challenging operation in adult patients. However, the learning curve for this technique has not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to assess the learning curve of US-guided dRA cannulation among novice anesthesiologists.
Methods: We prospective included the first 180 cases who underwent US-guided dRA cannulationperformed by three third-year residents in anesthesiology from December 2022 to June 2023. Cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) curves were created to identify the turning point (TP).
Results:The mean number of patients needed to overcome the learning curve for overall procedural time, identification time and cannulation time were all 20 cases. Subgroup analysis showed that the TP of overall procedural time was 21, 17, and 22 for operators respectively. The TP of identification time that was 21, 17, and 23 for operators respectively. The TP of cannulation time that was 18, 11, and 22 respectively. The overall procedural time, identification time and cannulation time in the post-TP group were less than in the pre-TP group. The first-attempt success rate and number of needle attempts were higher in the post-TP group. However, there was no statistically difference in the incidences of puncture-related complications.
Conclusions: The learning curve of US-guided dRA cannulation seems to stabilize after approximately successful 20 cases for inexperienced novices. Increased practice may help novice anesthesiologists to achieve proficiency faster.
An aphid pest superclone benefits from a facultative bacterial endosymbiont in a host dependent-manner
Authors: Ramirez Claudio C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, is a significant agricultural pest affecting wheat, barley, and oats. In Chile, the most prevalent and persistent clone (superclone) of S. avenae harbours the facultative endosymbiont bacterium Regiella insecticola. To determine the role of this bacteria in the ecological success of this superclone, the presence of R. insecticola was manipulated to evaluate the impact on 1) the reproductive performance of this clone in two host plant species (wheat and barley), 2) the production of winged morphs, 3) changes in the proteomic profile of insects, and 4) root/shoot ratio of plant. It was determined that this superclone of S. avenae proliferates differentially in the host plants studied depending on the presence of the facultative bacterial endosymbiont, observing that the clone develops better in wheat when it is infected with R. insecticola while the opposite occurs when it develops in barley. Aphid biomass was higher when harbouring R. insecticola, particularly in barley. Individuals infected with R. insecticola, in both host plants, showed higher proportion of winged individuals. The protein regulation of aphids on wheat was comparatively lower and stable than that on barley. A higher root/shoot biomass ratio was detected in wheat than in oats in plants attacked with aphids harbouring R. insecticola. R. insecticola significantly affects the reproductive and proteomic performance of the S. avenae superclone, changes influenced by the host plant, suggesting that the host plant x facultative endosymbiont interaction can drive host specialization intraclonally, partly the ecological success of the superclones.
Epidemiology and Management of Surgical Thyroid Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Almustafa Ghina , Bytamoni Masa , Almasri Imad-Addin , Younes Samer , Kamil Hazem , AL-Frejat Zyad , Martini Nafiza , Hanna Majd , SARA Samer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Thyroid disorders, including thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and goiter, are prevalent endocrine conditions with significant clinical implications. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and management of surgical thyroid disorders in a local population.
Methods
This retrospective observational study was conducted at the General Surgery Department of Damascus Hospital, Syria, from 2017 to 2023. Medical records of 120 patients who underwent thyroid surgery were reviewed. Sociodemographic characteristics, medical and surgical history, diagnostic procedures, surgical techniques, pathology reports, and postoperative complications were analysed.
Results
The most common thyroid lesions were goiter (68.3%) and thyroid nodules. Females comprised 88.3% of the study population. There was no significant correlation between patient age, sex, or smoking habits and the occurrence of surgical thyroid lesions. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the predominant malignant neoplasm. Comorbidities such as hypertension (18.3%) and a history of caesarean section (24.2%) were common. Neck ultrasonography (94.2%) and fine-needle aspiration biopsy were the primary diagnostic tools. Complete thyroidectomy (69.2%) was the most frequent surgical intervention. Permanent hypocalcemia (48.3%) was the most prevalent postoperative complication.
Conclusion
This retrospective study provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and surgical management of thyroid disorders in the local population. The findings contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology and management of these common endocrine conditions.
Damage Cascade Simulation in Zirconium Nitride: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Azeem M Mustafa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Zirconium nitride (Zr-N) is a candidate material for inert matric fuel elements in breeder reactors. They have shown exceptional resistance to radiative corrosive environments. They have shown excellent resistance to radiation stability at operational conditions in current generation reactors. But being a candidate nuclear fuel material in generation reactors, their radiation stability at higher temperature conditions observed has not been reported. We have employed molecular dynamics simulations to study the damage cascades and radiation stability of ZrN at 600K. The process of primary damage evolution by considering varying overlapping cascades with 10, 20 keV incident PKA’s reported here. The defects interface interaction and diffusion mechanism at the interface are reported.