bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of cotton crosslinking with polycarboxylic acids and nano TiO2using central composite design
Authors: Nazari A. , Montazer M. , Rashidi A. , Yazdanshenas M. , Moghadam M. B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe cotton crosslinking with butane tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA) and citric acid (CA) in the presence of sodium hypophosphite (SHP) and nano TiO2(NTO) under different curing conditions were optimized using a statistical model. The central composite design (CCD) was used for variables based on Design of Expert software. The appropriate model to create optimum crease recovery angle was obtained for each condition. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also employed to indicate the NTO particles on the fabric surface with the size of nano particles and their crystallinity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Semibatch emulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate: Effect of operating variables
Authors: Bakhshi H. , Bouhendi H. , Zohuriaan‐Mehr M. J. , Kabiri K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSemibatch emulsion copolymerization was carried out to prepare poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) latexes at 75°C, using potassium persulfate as an initiator, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as an emulsifier and sodium bicarbonate as a buffer. The reaction was conducted in three stages; a further stage (called the steady stage, 2 h) was added to the traditionally stages (i.e., feed and seed stages) to improve considerably the monomer conversion. The monomer conversion and particle size distribution were studied by gravimetric and laser light scattering methods, respectively. The effects of variables such as agitation speed, emulsifier concentration, initiator concentration, feeding rate and comonomers ratio were fully investigated based on the monomer conversion‐time profiles and the particle size distribution to find the optimized copolymerization conditions. Increasing the agitation speed had a negative effect on the monomer conversion, but reduced coagulation of polymer particles. Monomer conversion could be improved by increasing the initiator or emulsifier contents. Feeding rate increased the polymer particle size sharply; however, it showed no significant effect on conversion. The final conversions were as high as 97–99% and they were recognized to be independent of the comonomers ratios employed. Morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy showed nano‐sized isolated particles which were partially aggregated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermal and swelling studies of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide hydrogels
Authors: Abraham Anu Anna , Sen Akhil Kumar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHydrophobically modified polyacrylamide hydrogels were prepared by polymerizing acrylamide, using n‐butyl acrylate and 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate as comonomers and dimethyl formamide as a solvent. We report here for the first time that the Alfred Q‐e reactivity ratios are matching with the experimental value (elemental analysis result) for the terpolymer hydrogel systems. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms of the hydrogel samples revealed two endothermic transitions, one near 0°C, corresponding to the melting transition of ice and another above ambient temperature. This high temperature transition is due to the rearrangement of water molecules engaged in hydrophobic hydration surrounding the hydrophobic groups (alkyl side chains). This depends on the type of hydrophobic groups and the gel compositions. Swelling and deswelling studies of the gels were performed using various solvents such as water and isopropyl alcohol. An abnormally high swelling and deswelling behavior was observed in the homopolymer gels and the gels with low amount of hydrophobic comonomers. This could be attributed to the more intramolecular cross‐linked structure formed during synthesis in organic solvent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Adaptive backstepping integral control of a small‐scale helicopter for airdrop missions
Authors: Lee Chi‐Tai , Tsai Ching‐Chih 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an adaptive Lyapunov‐based controller with integral action for small‐scale helicopters carrying out airdrop missions. The proposed controller is designed via adaptive backstepping. Unlike the approximate modeling approaches, where the coupling effect of the helicopter is neglected, the proposed method is developed according to a complete dynamic model such that the closed‐loop helicopter system is guaranteed to be globally ultimately bounded. Two numerical simulations with airdrops are conducted to exemplify the merits of the proposed controller. Through simulation results, the proposed control method is shown to outperform the well‐known controller in Mahony and Hamel,Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control, Vol. 14, No. (12), pp. 1035–1059 (2004).Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
An updated history of the Teratology Society
Authors: Shepard Thomas H. , Barr Mason , Brent Robert L. , Hendrickx Andrew , Kochhar Devendra , Oakley Godfrey , Scott William J. , Rogers John M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The 49‐year history of the Teratology Society is reviewed. An abbreviated history is outlined in table form, with listings of the Warkany Lectures, the Continuing Education Courses, and officers of the society. The original article was updated to include the years 2000 to 2010. METHODS: A year‐by‐year description of the events is given, including the scientific and social content of the annual meetings and changes in the business of the society, in many cases using comments from the past presidents. The valuable and unique diversity of the members is discussed and illustrated, presenting the disciplines and main research areas of the presidents. The number of submitted abstracts and the various categories are tabulated, averaging the number and type over successive periods. A significant increase in the number of abstracts dealing with epidemiology and developmental biology is evident. The society's development is compared to that of a human, and the question was asked by Shephard et al. (2000): Have we reached the maturational stage of old age or senescence, or is the society still maturing gracefully? This question needs further discussion by all the members. By 2010, many positive changes are happening to revitalize the society. RESULTS: During the past 50 years, we have developed the scientific basis to prevent birth defects caused by rubella, alcoholism, and folate deficiency, as well as other prenatal exposures. We are now taking advantage of advances in many fields to begin shaping the Teratology Society of the 21st century. CONCLUSIONS: We must now engage in political battles to obtain the resources needed to conduct further research and to implement prevention programs, as well as to provide care and rehabilitation for persons with birth defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LpxA: A natural nanotube
Authors: Das Atanu , Mukhopadhyay Chaitali 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine 3‐O‐acyltransferase is a protein with a left‐handed parallel β‐helix, which is a natural nanotube. They are associated with unusual high stability. To identify the reason behind the structural stability of β‐helical nanotubular structure, we have performed a total of 4 μs molecular dynamics simulations of the protein in implicit solvent at four different temperatures and monitored the unfolding pathway. The correlation in movement between different regions of the nanotubular structure has been identified from the dynamical cross‐correlation map and contribution of some specific residues towards unfolding transition has been identified by principal component analysis. Difference in stability of the three loop regions has also been characterized. Construction of the unfolding conformational energy landscape identifies the probable intermediates that can appear in the unfolding pathway of the protein. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 845–853, 2010.
Control of misincorporation of serine for asparagine during antibody production using CHO cells
Authors: Khetan Anurag , Huang Yao‐ming , Dolnikova Jana , Pederson Nels E. , Wen Dingyi , Yusuf‐Makagiansar Helena , Chen Paul , Ryll Thomas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA recombinant monoclonal antibody produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell fed‐batch culture was found to have amino acid sequence misincorporation upon analysis by intact mass and peptide mapping mass spectrometry. A detailed analysis revealed multiple sites for asparagine were being randomly substituted by serine, pointing to mistranslation as the likely source. Results from time‐course analysis of cell culture suggest that misincorporation was occurring midway through the fed‐batch process and was correlated to asparagine reduction to below detectable levels in the culture. Separate shake flask experiments were carried out that confirmed starvation of asparagine and not excess of serine in the medium as the root cause of the phenomenon. Reduction in serine concentration under asparagine starvation conditions helped reduce extent of misincorporation. Supplementation with glutamine also helped reduce extent of misincorporation. Maintenance of asparagine at low levels in 2 L bench‐scale culture via controlled supplementation of asparagine‐containing feed eliminated the occurrence of misincorporation. This strategy was implemented in a clinical manufacturing process and scaled up successfully to the 200 and 2,000 L bioreactor scales. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 116–123. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peptide array‐based characterization and design of ZnO‐high affinity peptides
Authors: Okochi Mina , Sugita Tomoya , Furusawa Seiji , Umetsu Mitsuo , Adschiri Tadafumi , Honda Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPeptides with both an affinity for ZnO and the ability to generate ZnO nanoparticles have attracted attention for the self‐assembly and templating of nanoscale building blocks under ambient conditions with compositional uniformity. In this study, we have analyzed the specific binding sites of the ZnO‐binding peptide, EAHVMHKVAPRP, which was identified using a phage display peptide library. The peptide binding assay against ZnO nanoparticles was performed using peptides synthesized on a cellulose membrane using the spot method. Using randomized rotation of amino acids in the ZnO‐binding peptide, 125 spot‐synthesized peptides were assayed. The peptide binding activity against ZnO nanoparticles varied greatly. This indicates that ZnO binding does not depend on total hydrophobicity or other physical parameters of these peptides, but rather that ZnO recognizes the specific amino acid alignment of these peptides. In addition, several peptides were found to show higher binding ability compared with that of the original peptides. Identification of important binding sites in the EAHVMHKVAPRP peptide was investigated by shortened, stepwise sequence from both termini. Interestingly, two ZnO‐binding sites were found as 6‐mer peptides: HVMHKV and HKVAPR. The peptides identified by amino acid substitution of HKVAPR were found to show high affinity and specificity for ZnO nanoparticles. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 845–851. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of zeta potential value on bacterial behavior during electrophoretic separation
Authors: Kłodzińska Ewa , Szumski Michał , Dziubakiewicz Ewelina , Hrynkiewicz Katarzyna , Skwarek Ewa , Janusz Władysław , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aggregation and/or adhesion of bacterial cells is a serious disadvantage of electrophoretic separations. In this study, physicochemical surface characteristics of bacteria were measured to establish their role in bacterial adhesion and aggregation on the basis of electrophoretic behavior of different clinical strains of Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli bacteria. The number and the shape of peaks obtained on the electropherograms were connected with the zeta potential measurements and in‐line microscope observation using specially designed CE fluorescence stereomicroscope setup. These results suggest that the lower the zeta potential, the higher the number of smaller peaks detected. The direct microscopic observation of electrophoretic movement proved the presence of many small aggregates originating from individual or clustered bacterial cells. On the other hand, lower zeta potential was also observed for dead bacterial cells, which suggested that some of the peaks can be attributed to viable cells while the other to the dead ones.
Hippocampal atrophy patterns in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mueller Susanne G. , Schuff Norbert , Yaffe Kristine , Madison Catherine , Miller Bruce , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground:Histopathological studies and animal models suggest that hippocampal subfields may be differently affected by aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other diseases. High‐resolution images at 4 Tesla depict details of the internal structure of the hippocampus allowing for in vivo volumetry of different subfields. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to determine patterns of volume loss in hippocampal subfields in normal aging, AD, and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). (2) To determine if measurements of hippocampal subfields provide advantages over total hippocampal volume for differentiation between groups.Methods:Ninety‐one subjects (53 controls (mean age: 69.3 ± 7.3), 20 MCI (mean age: 73.6 ± 7.1), and 18 AD (mean age: 69.1 ± 9.5) were studied with a high‐resolution T2 weighted imaging sequence aimed at the hippocampus. Entorhinal cortex (ERC), subiculum, CA1, CA1‐CA2 transition zone (CA1‐2), CA3 & dentate gyrus (CA3&DG) were manually marked in the anterior third of the hippocampal body. Hippocampal volume was obtained from the Freesurfer and manually edited.Results:Compared to controls, AD had smaller volumes of ERC, subiculum, CA1, CA1‐2, and total hippocampal volumes. MCI had smaller CA1‐2 volumes. Discriminant analysis and power analysis showed that CA1‐2 was superior to total hippocampal volume for distinction between controls and MCI.Conclusion:The patterns of subfield atrophy in AD and MCI were consistent with patterns of neuronal cell loss/reduced synaptic density described by histopathology. These preliminary findings suggest that hippocampal subfield volumetry might be a better measure for diagnosis of early AD and for detection of other disease effects than measurement of total hippocampus. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Childhood psychiatric disorders as anomalies in neurodevelopmental trajectories
Authors: Shaw Philip , Gogtay Nitin , Rapoport Judith 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChildhood psychiatric disorders are rarely static; rather they change over time and longitudinal studies are ideally suited to capture such dynamic processes. Using longitudinal data, insights can be gained into the nature of the perturbation away from the trajectory of typical development in childhood disorders. Thus, some disorders may reflect a delay in neurodevelopmental trajectories. Our studies in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that cortical development is delayed with a rightward shift along the age axis in cortical trajectories, most prominent in prefrontal cortical regions. Other disorders may be characterized by differences in the velocity of trajectories: the basic shape of neurodevelopmental curves remains intact, but with disrupted tempo. Thus, childhood onset schizophrenia is associated with a marked increase during adolescence in the velocity of loss of cerebral gray matter. By contrast, in childhood autism there is an early acceleration of brain growth, which overshoots typical dimensions leading to transient cerebral enlargement. Finally, there may be more profound deviations from typical neurodevelopment, with a complete “derailing” of brain growth and a loss of the features which characterize typical brain development. An example is the almost complete silencing of white matter growth during adolescence of patients with childhood onset schizophrenia. Adopting a longitudinal perspective also readily lends itself to the understanding of the neural bases of differential clinical outcomes. Again taking ADHD as an example, we found that remission is associated with convergence to the template of typical development, whereas persistence is accompanied by progressive divergence away from typical trajectories. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural plasticity of development and learning
Authors: Galván Adriana 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDevelopment and learning are powerful agents of change across the lifespan that induce robust structural and functional plasticity in neural systems. An unresolved question in developmental cognitive neuroscience is whether development and learning share the same neural mechanisms associated with experience‐related neural plasticity. In this article, I outline the conceptual and practical challenges of this question, review insights gleaned from adult studies, and describe recent strides toward examining this topic across development using neuroimaging methods. I suggest that development and learning are not two completely separate constructs and instead, that they exist on a continuum. While progressive and regressive changes are central to both, the behavioral consequences associated with these changes are closely tied to the existing neural architecture of maturity of the system. Eventually, a deeper, more mechanistic understanding of neural plasticity will shed light on behavioral changes across development and, more broadly, about the underlying neural basis of cognition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cannabis use and mental health problems
Authors: van Ours Jan C. , Williams Jenny 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates whether cannabis use leads to worse mental health. To do so, we account for common unobserved factors affecting mental health and cannabis consumption by modeling mental health jointly with the dynamics of cannabis use. Our main finding is that using cannabis increases the likelihood of mental health problems, with current use having a larger effect than past use. The estimates suggest a dose–response relationship between the frequency of recent cannabis use and the probability of currently experiencing a mental health problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From market shares to consumer types: Duality in differentiated product demand estimation
Authors: Kalouptsidi Myrto 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYA widely applied method for differentiated product demand estimation, introduced by Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes in 1995, is founded on matching observed and theoretical market shares of products. In this paper, we allow for discrete consumer tastes and derive an equivalent matching occurring in the consumer type space. The equivalence between the two formulations expresses a duality between market shares and consumer types. In applications where a large number of products and a small number of consumer types is natural, the dual formulation introduced in this paper is computationally more efficient than the primal. Indeed, simulation exercises show that the dual method can be significantly faster. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro cellular responses in the RTG‐2 cell line to complex mixtures of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs
Authors: del Mar Babín María , Sanz Paloma , Concejero Miguel Angel , Martínez María Angeles , Tarazona José Vicente 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHigh‐resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HRGC/MS) is the standard method for analysing dioxin, furan and polybrominated retardants in hazardous waste. Determination of dioxin‐like compounds using in vitro bioassays such as ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD) is an important tool to evaluate their Ah receptor‐mediated toxic effects, because it detects all arylhydrocarbon receptor ligands in a variety of sample matrices. In the present work, we compared RTG‐2 cell line EROD bioassay with HRGC/MS for assessing waste samples (liquid and solid) contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls (dioxin‐like PCBs) and other xenobiotics. For liquid samples, HRGC/MS‐toxic equivalent (HRGC/MS‐TEQ) values ranged from 273.26 to 5.84 ng TEQ l−1 and correlated well (correlation coefficient 0.99) with values obtained by EROD‐TEQ, which ranged from 128 to 2.5 ng TEQ l−1. For solid samples, HRGC/MS‐TEQ values ranged from 3.44 to 0.49 ng TEQ g−1 and correlated less well than liquid samples (correlation coefficient 0.64) with values obtained by EROD‐TEQ ranging from 2.27 to 0.93 ng TEQ g−1. The overestimation of RTG‐2 EROD‐TEQ (1.2 ± 0.92 of values established by HRGC/MS) and the absence of false‐negative results may limit analytical costs by eliminating the need for follow‐up GC/MS analysis on the negative samples. We suggest that RTG‐2 EROD bioassay is an inexpensive means for preliminary dioxin and furan positive screenings of waste samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion resistance and in vitro response of laser‐deposited Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐Ta alloys for orthopedic implant applications
Authors: Samuel Sonia , Nag Soumya , Nasrazadani Seifollah , Ukirde Vaishali , Bouanani Mohamed El , Mohandas Arunesh , Nguyen Kytai , Banerjee Rajarshi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhile direct metal deposition of metallic powders, via laser deposition, to form near‐net shape orthopedic implants is an upcoming and highly promising technology, the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of such novel metallic biomaterials is relatively unknown and warrants careful investigation. This article presents the results of some initial studies on the corrosion resistance and in vitro response of laser‐deposited Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐Ta alloys. These new generation beta titanium alloys are promising due to their low elastic modulus as well as due the fact that they comprise of completely biocompatible alloying elements. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of these laser‐deposited alloys is comparable and in some cases even better than the currently used commercially‐pure (CP) titanium (Grade 2) and Ti‐6Al‐4V ELI alloys. The in vitro studies indicate that the Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐Ta alloys exhibit comparable cell proliferation but enhanced cell differentiation properties as compared with Ti‐6Al‐4V ELI. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.