bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who attends physical activity programmes in deprived neighbourhoods?
Authors: Withall J , Jago R , Fox K R 
Published: September 2010

Objective: Physical activity can reduce the risk of several chronic diseases. Such diseases are most prevalent in economically-disadvantaged groups where physical activity levels are consistently lower. There is a need to engage disadvantaged groups in programmes to increase physical activity. This case study examined programmes on offer in a deprived area and the characteristics of those who participated. Design: Case study. Setting: The setting for this study was Southmead, a highly deprived suburb of Bristol with the city’s lowest life expectancy (75.3 years). Method: Desk research and venue visits were used to assess provision of physical activity sessions. A questionnaire covering demographics, attendance patterns and communications channels was completed by 152 adult and adolescent session participants. Results: In the study area, 37 activity sessions were offered. Only 45.4 per cent of attendees were resident in the study area. A mean of 17.5 attended community generated sessions, 22.6 special interest sessions and 6.7 local authority/trust classes. Locals were more likely to attend community generated sessions (49.3 per cent; 87.7 per cent of men) than those provided by the local authority (34.8 per cent; 13.3 per cent of men) (χ2 = 27.8, df = 2, P < .001). Word of mouth was the most common mechanism for building session awareness (local 57.8 per cent; non-local 62.9 per cent). Conclusions: Local authority driven physical activity sessions in low-income communities have low levels of participation. Activities with roots in the community are most effective at attracting local participants, particularly men. The most common communication mechanism is word of mouth but whether this is due to lack of investment and expertise in other promotional techniques is not clear.
Location of Bone Bruises and Other Osseous Injuries Associated with Acute Grade III Isolated and Combined Posterolateral Knee Injuries
Authors: Geeslin Andrew G. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: September 2010

Background Bone bruises on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are common in patients with acute knee ligament injuries and have been well described for injuries involving the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the medial collateral ligament. These have not yet been described in detail for posterolateral corner injuries. Hypothesis Acute grade III posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries are often accompanied by bone bruises located in the medial compartment. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods One hundred two patients with acute grade III PLC knee injuries and MRI scans within 6 weeks of injury were prospectively identified. Images were reviewed for the location of bone bruises, which were defined as areas with high signal intensity adjacent to the joint surface on fat-suppressed, T2-weighted sequences. Results Overall, 83 patients had at least 1 bone bruise and 56 patients had a bone bruise of the anteromedial femoral condyle. Tibial plateau fractures were found in 19 knees, with 12 in the anteromedial quadrant. Isolated PLC injuries were found in 28 patients; of this group, 18 had at least 1 bone bruise with 17 located in the anteromedial femoral condyle. Seventy-four patients sustained a combined ligamentous injury; 65 of these had at least 1 bone bruise on MRI and 39 had a bone bruise on the anteromedial femoral condyle. In patients with a combined injury to the PLC and anterior cruciate ligament (38), anteromedial femoral condyle bruises were seen in 19 patients and posteromedial tibial plateau bruises in 11. Conclusion Medial compartment bone bruises, most commonly of the anteromedial femoral condyle, were frequently found in patients with both acute isolated and combined PLC injuries. Thus, the presence of an anteromedial femoral condyle bone bruise should increase the level of suspicion of a concurrent PLC knee injury. In addition, we believe that the presence of a posteromedial tibial plateau bone bruise may be a secondary sign of a potential combined PLC injury in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament tear.
Adult protection: The processes and outcomes of adult protection referrals in two English local authorities
Authors: Cambridge Paul , Beadle-Brown Julie , Milne Alisoun , Mansell Jim , Whelton Beckie 
Published: September 2010

• Summary: This article examines the processes and outcomes of adult protection referrals in two local authorities in England using adult protection monitoring data collected between 1998 and 2005, identifying learning for the use and development of adult protection monitoring. • Findings: Associations were found between aspects of process and outcome in adult protection case management; police and regulatory agency involvement increased over time, over four-fifths of referrals resulted in investigations which were associated with higher levels of inter-agency involvement, abuse was confirmed for over two-fifths of referrals, there was significant territorial variation across a range of process and outcome measures and specialist adult protection coordinators were associated with higher levels of monitoring and post-abuse work. The study concluded that more work is needed to improve and standardize adult protection monitoring data if it is to more effectively inform case management and inter-authority comparisons. • Applications: The evidence from the study suggests that adult protection monitoring data can be used to help review and organize adult protection work at agency, team and case levels and is consequently of potential value to team managers, social workers and specialist co-ordinators working in adult protection.
Maximal killing of lymphoma cells by DNA damage–inducing therapy requires not only the p53 targets Puma and Noxa, but also Bim
Authors: Happo Lina , Cragg Mark S. , Phipson Belinda , Haga Jon M. , Jansen Elisa S. , Herold Marco J. , Dewson Grant , Michalak Ewa M. , Vandenberg Cassandra J. , Smyth Gordon K. , Strasser Andreas , Cory Suzanne , Scott Clare L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDNA-damaging chemotherapy is the backbone of cancer treatment, although it is not clear how such treatments kill tumor cells. In nontransformed lymphoid cells, the combined loss of 2 proapoptotic p53 target genes, Puma and Noxa, induces as much resistance to DNA damage as loss of p53 itself. In Eμ-Myc lymphomas, however, lack of both Puma and Noxa resulted in no greater drug resistance than lack of Puma alone. A third B-cell lymphoma-2 homology domain (BH)3-only gene, Bim, although not a direct p53 target, was up-regulated in Eμ-Myc lymphomas incurring DNA damage, and knockdown of Bim levels markedly increased the drug resistance of Eμ-Myc/Puma−/−Noxa−/− lymphomas both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, c-MYC–driven lymphoma cell lines from Noxa−/−Puma−/−Bim−/− mice were as resistant as those lacking p53. Thus, the combinatorial action of Puma, Noxa, and Bim is critical for optimal apoptotic responses of lymphoma cells to 2 commonly used DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents, identifying Bim as an additional biomarker for treatment outcome in the clinic.
Notch/Delta4 signaling inhibits human megakaryocytic terminal differentiation
Authors: Poirault-Chassac Sonia , Six Emmanuelle , Catelain Cyril , Lavergne Mélanie , Villeval Jean-Luc , Vainchenker William , Lauret Evelyne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effects of Notch signaling on human megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation were investigated by exposing human CD34+ progenitor cells to an immobilized chimeric form of the Notch ligand, Delta-like4 (Dll4Fc). Exposure of human cord blood CD34+ cells to Dll4Fc induced a modest enhancement of erythroid cell production. Conversely, under megakaryocytic culture conditions, Dll4Fc strongly impaired platelet production by reducing the generation of mature CD41a+CD42b+ megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelet-forming cells. The inhibitory activity of Dll4 on terminal MK differentiation was confirmed by culturing CD34+ cells onto Dll-4–expressing stroma cells (engineered to express the membrane-anchored form of Dll4). The reduced production of mature CD41a+CD42+ cells was rescued by inhibiting Notch signaling either with the N-N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester γ-secretase inhibitor or the dominant-negative version of Mastermind. Dll4 impaired the generation of mature CD41a+CD42b+ cells and proplatelet formation without affecting earlier steps of MK differentiation, such as production of megakaryocytic/erythroid progenitors and colony-forming units–MKs. This blockade was accompanied by a modulation of the transcriptional program of megakaryocytic differentiation. All these results indicate that Dll4/Notch signaling inhibits human terminal MK differentiation.
Tumor vaccine composed of C-class CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and irradiated tumor cells induces long-term antitumor immunity
Authors: Cerkovnik Petra , Novakovic Barbara Jezersek , Stegel Vida , Novakovic Srdjan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundAn ideal tumor vaccine should activate both effector and memory immune response against tumor-specific antigens. Beside the CD8+ T cells that play a central role in the generation of a protective immune response and of long-term memory, dendritic cells (DCs) are important for the induction, coordination and regulation of the adaptive immune response. The DCs can conduct all of the elements of the immune orchestra and are therefore a fundamental target and tool for vaccination. The present study was aimed at assessing the ability of tumor vaccine composed of C-class CpG ODNs and irradiated melanoma tumor cells B16F1 followed by two additional injections of CpG ODNs to induce the generation of a functional long-term memory response in experimental tumor model in mice (i.p. B16F1).ResultsIt has been shown that the functional memory response in vaccinated mice persists for at least 60 days after the last vaccination. Repeated vaccination also improves the survival of experimental animals compared to single vaccination, whereas the proportion of animals totally protected from the development of aggressive i.p. B16F1 tumors after vaccination repeated three times varies between 88.9%-100.0%. Additionally, the long-term immune memory and tumor protection is maintained over a prolonged period of time of at least 8 months. Finally, it has been demonstrated that following the vaccination the tumor-specific memory cells predominantly reside in bone marrow and peritoneal tissue and are in a more active state than their splenic counterparts.ConclusionsIn this study we demonstrated that tumor vaccine composed of C-class CpG ODNs and irradiated tumor cells followed by two additional injections of CpG ODNs induces a long-term immunity against aggressive B16F1 tumors.
Adenoviral delivery of pan-caspase inhibitor p35 enhances bystander killing by P450 gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy using cyclophosphamide+
Authors: Doloff Joshua C , Su Ting , Waxman David J 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Cytochrome P450-based suicide gene therapy for cancer using prodrugs such as cyclophosphamide (CPA) increases anti-tumor activity, both directly and via a bystander killing mechanism. Bystander cell killing is essential for the clinical success of this treatment strategy, given the difficulty of achieving 100% efficient gene delivery in vivo using current technologies. Previous studies have shown that the pan-caspase inhibitor p35 significantly increases CPA-induced bystander killing by tumor cells that stably express P450 enzyme CYP2B6 (Schwartz et al, (2002) Cancer Res. 62: 6928-37).

Methods
To further develop this approach, we constructed and characterized a replication-defective adenovirus, Adeno-2B6/p35, which expresses p35 in combination with CYP2B6 and its electron transfer partner, P450 reductase.

Results
The expression of p35 in Adeno-2B6/p35-infected tumor cells inhibited caspase activation, delaying the death of the CYP2B6 "factory" cells that produce active CPA metabolites, and increased bystander tumor cell killing compared to that achieved in the absence of p35. Tumor cells infected with Adeno-2B6/p35 were readily killed by cisplatin and doxorubicin, indicating that p35 expression is not associated with acquisition of general drug resistance. Finally, p35 did not inhibit viral release when the replication-competent adenovirus ONYX-017 was used as a helper virus to facilitate co-replication and spread of Adeno-2B6/p35 and further increase CPA-induced bystander cell killing.

Conclusions
The introduction of p35 into gene therapeutic regimens constitutes an effective approach to increase bystander killing by cytochrome P450 gene therapy. This strategy may also be used to enhance other bystander cytotoxic therapies, including those involving the production of tumor cell toxic protein products.
Epidemiologic surveillance of nosocomial infections in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a developing country
Authors: Becerra María R , Tantaleán José A , Suárez Víctor J , Alvarado Margarita C , Candela Jorge L , Urcia Flor C 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Nosocomial Infections (NI) are a frequent and relevant problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of the three most common NI in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit from a developing country.

Methods
We performed a prospective study in a single Pediatric Intensive Care Unit during 12 months. Children were assessed for 3 NI: bloodstream infections (BSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and urinary tract infections (UTI), according to Center for Disease Control criteria. Use of devices (endotracheal tube [ETT], central venous catheter [CVC] and urinary catheter [UC]) was recorded.

Results
Four hundred fourteen patients were admitted; 81 patients (19.5%) developed 85 NIs. Density of incidence of BSI, VAP and UTI was 18.1, 7.9 and 5.1/1000 days of use of CVC, ETT and UC respectively. BSI was more common in children with CVCs than in those without CVCs (20% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.05). Candida spp. was the commonest microorganism in BSI (41%), followed by Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (17%). Pseudomonas (52%) was the most common germ for VAP and Candida (71%) for UTI. The presence of NI was associated with increased mortality (38.2% vs. 20.4% in children without NI; p < 0.001) and the median length of ICU stay (23 vs. 6 days in children without NI; p < 0.001). Children with NI had longer average hospital stay previous to diagnosis of this condition (12.3 vs. 6 days; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
One of every 5 children acquires an NI in the PICU. Its presence was associated with increased mortality and length of stay. At the same time a longer stay was associated with an increased risk of developing NI.
Design of splints based on the NiTi alloy for the correction of joint deformities in the fingers
Authors: Puértolas Sergio , Pérez-García José M , Gracia Luis , Cegoñino José , Ibarz Elena , Puértolas José A , Herrera Antonio 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The proximal interphalange joint (PIP) is fundamental for the functional nature of the hand. The contracture in flexion of the PIP, secondary to traumatisms or illnesses leads to an important functional loss. The use of correcting splints is the common procedure for treating this problem. Its functioning is based on the application of a small load and a prolonged stress which can be dynamic, static progressive or static serial.
It is important that the therapist has a splint available which can release a constant and sufficient force to correct the contracture in flexion. Nowadays NiTi is commonly used in bio-engineering, due to its superelastical characteristics. The experience of the authors in the design of other devices based on the NiTi alloy, makes it possible to carry out a new design in this work - the production of a finger splint for the treatment of the contracture in flexion of the PIP joint.

Methods
Commercial orthosis have been characterized using a universal INSTRON 5565 machine. A computational simulation of the proposed design has been conducted, reproducing its performance and using a model "ad hoc" for the NiTi material. Once the parameters have been adjusted, the design is validated using the same type of test as those carried out on commercial orthosis.

Results and Discussion
For commercial splint the recovering force falls to excessively low values as the angle increases. Angle curves for different lengths and thicknesses of the proposed design have been obtained, with a practically constant recovering force value over a wide range of angles that vary between 30° and 150° in every case. Then the whole treatment is possible with only one splint, and without the need of progressive replacements as the joint recovers.

Conclusions
A new model of splint based on NiTi alloy has been designed, simulated and tested comparing its behaviour with two of the most regularly used splints. Its uses is recommended instead of other dynamic orthosis used in orthopaedics for the PIP joint. Besides, its extremely simple design, makes its manufacture and use on the part of the specialist easier.
Periodic pattern detection in sparse boolean sequences
Authors: Junier Ivan , Hérisson Joan , Képès François 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The specific position of functionally related genes along the DNA has been shown to reflect the interplay between chromosome structure and genetic regulation. By investigating the statistical properties of the distances separating such genes, several studies have highlighted various periodic trends. In many cases, however, groups built up from co-functional or co-regulated genes are small and contain wrong information (data contamination) so that the statistics is poorly exploitable. In addition, gene positions are not expected to satisfy a perfectly ordered pattern along the DNA. Within this scope, we present an algorithm that aims to highlight periodic patterns in sparse boolean sequences, i.e. sequences of the type 010011011010... where the ratio of the number of 1's (denoting here the transcription start of a gene) to 0's is small.

Results
The algorithm is particularly robust with respect to strong signal distortions such as the addition of 1's at arbitrary positions (contaminated data), the deletion of existing 1's in the sequence (missing data) and the presence of disorder in the position of the 1's (noise). This robustness property stems from an appropriate exploitation of the remarkable alignment properties of periodic points in solenoidal coordinates.

Conclusions
The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated in situations where standard Fourier-based spectral methods are poorly adapted. We also show how the proposed framework allows to identify the 1's that participate in the periodic trends, i.e. how the framework allows to allocate a positional score to genes, in the same spirit of the sequence score. The software is available for public use at http://www.issb.genopole.fr/MEGA/Softwares/iSSB_SolenoidalApplication.zip.
Prediction of quantitative phenotypes based on genetic networks: a case study in yeast sporulation
Authors: Shen Li , Chepelev Iouri , Liu Jie , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
An exciting application of genetic network is to predict phenotypic consequences for environmental cues or genetic perturbations. However, de novo prediction for quantitative phenotypes based on network topology is always a challenging task.

Results
Using yeast sporulation as a model system, we have assembled a genetic network from literature and exploited Boolean network to predict sporulation efficiency change upon deleting individual genes. We observe that predictions based on the curated network correlate well with the experimentally measured values. In addition, computational analysis reveals the robustness and hysteresis of the yeast sporulation network and uncovers several patterns of sporulation efficiency change caused by double gene deletion. These discoveries may guide future investigation of underlying mechanisms. We have also shown that a hybridized genetic network reconstructed from both temporal microarray data and literature is able to achieve a satisfactory prediction accuracy of the same quantitative phenotypes.

Conclusions
This case study illustrates the value of predicting quantitative phenotypes based on genetic network and provides a generic approach.
Augmented inhibition of angiogenesis by combination of HER2 antibody chA21 and trastuzumab in human ovarian carcinoma xenograft
Authors: Zhang Anli , Shen Guodong , Zhao Ting , Zhang Guihong , Liu Jing , Song Lihua , Wei Wei , Bing Ling , Wu Zhengsheng , Wu Qiang 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
chA21 is a novel tumor-inhibitory antibody which recognized subdomain I of HER2 extracellular domain with an epitope distinct from other HER2 antibodies. Previously, we demonstrated that chA21 inhibits human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV-3 growth in vitro and in vivo study. In this study, we further investigated the anti-angiogenic efficacy combination of chA21 with trastuzumab in SKOV-3 xenograft model.

Methods
Nude mice were s.c. challenged with SKOV-3 cells and received treatment of chA21 alone, trastuzumab alone or both antibodies together twice a week for 21 days. Tumor volume and microvessel density (MVD) were evaluated. The effect of chA21 plus trastuzumab treament on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, endothelial cells proliferation and migration, and the status of HER2 downstream pathway AKT/phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) were evaluated in vitro.

Results

In vivo study combination of chA21 with trastuzumab resulted in reduce tumor growth and angiogenesis than each monotherapy. In vitro study, the combination of chA21 with trastuzumab inhibits VEGF secretion, endothelial cells proliferation and migration. Furthermore, the combination treatment inhibits pAKT expression.

Conclusion
Our findings suggested that the combination of chA21 with trastuzumab can cause augmented inhibition of angiogenesis in SKOV-3 xenograft model. Inhibition of agniogenesis may through suppression of AKT pathway. The therapeutic benefits of combination chA21 with trastuzumab warrant further study in an attempt to make the translation into the clinic.