bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognition in bulimic eating disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Van den Eynde F. , Guillaume S. , Broadbent H. , Stahl D. , Campbell I. C. , Schmidt U. , Tchanturia K. 
Published: April 2011

Van den Eynde F, Guillaume S, Broadbent H, Stahl D, Campbell IC, Schmidt U, Tchanturia K. Neurocognition in bulimic eating disorders: a systematic review.Objective:  The aim of this study was to review the literature on neurocognition comparing people with a bulimic eating disorder in the acute phase of the illness with healthy controls (HC).Method:  The review follows the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis) statement guidelines. Three databases (Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched combining the search terms ‘bulimic disorder’, ‘bulimia nervosa (BN)’, ‘binge‐eating disorder (BED)’ with terms referring to cognitive domains (e.g. ‘executive functions’).Results:  Thirty‐seven studies on people with BN and four on people with BED were selected for review. Overall, sample sizes were relatively small [bulimic disorders: median and range 22 (12–83); HC: 27 (13–172)]. The diversity in methodology precluded a meta‐analytical approach. People with a bulimic disorder did not present with a clear neurocognitive profile. Inclusion of salient, disorder‐related stimuli (e.g. body weight/shape words) in the neurocognitive paradigms tended to generate differences between people with a bulimic disorder and HC.Conclusion:  Neurocognition in bulimic eating disorders is under researched, and the available evidence is inconclusive. This review outlines strategies for further research in this area.
Erectile Dysfunction is Not a Mirror of Endothelial Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Guaraldi Giovanni , Beggi Mattia , Zona Stefano , Luzi Kety , Orlando Gabriella , Carli Federica , Ligabue Guido , Rochira Vincenzo , Rossi Rosario , Modena Maria Grazia , Bouloux Pierre 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The penis has been compared to a barometer of endothelial health, erectile dysfunction (ED) being an early sign of endothelial dysfunction.

Aim
The aim of the study was to investigate the extent of the association between ED and endothelial dysfunction in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on antiretroviral therapy.

Methods
In this observational cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with ED in a cohort of 133 HIV-infected men.

Main Outcome Measures
The International Index of Erectile Function, ultrasound assessment of brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD), and multi-slice computed tomography for coronary artery calcifications (CAC) as surrogates of endothelial dysfunction, the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria to diagnose metabolic syndrome (MS), plasma total testosterone (hypogonadism), and a visual analogue scale (VAS) of aesthetic satisfaction of the face and of the body (psychological distress associated with lipodystrophy).

Results
Thirty-nine (29.32%) patients had mild ED, 14 (10.52%) patients had moderate ED, and 26 (19.55%) patients had severe ED. Prevalence of ED ranged from 45% to 65%, respectively, in patients less than 40 and more than 60 years old. MS was present in 20 (25%) patients with ED and 13 (24%) patients without ED (P value = 0.87). Prevalence of ED neither appeared to be associated with MS as a single clinical pathological entity nor with the numbers of its diagnostic components. FMD &lt; 7% was present in 25 (32%) patients with ED and 18 (33%) patients without ED (P value = 0.83), and CAC &gt; 100 was present in 8 (10%) patients with ED and 5 (9%) patients without ED (P value = 0.87). A stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to find predictors of ED. Independent predictors were VAS face (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–0.99, P = 0.049) and age per 10 years of increase (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.02–2.94, P = 0.04).

Conclusions
Age constituted the most important risk factor for ED, which was related to aesthetic dissatisfaction of the face leading to negative body image perception.
The Rationale and Design of the Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Registry: A Retrospective and Prospective Study
Authors: Dengler Julius , Heuschmann Peter U. , Endres Matthias , Meyer Bernhard , Rohde Veit , Rufenacht Daniel A. , Vajkoczy Peter ,   on behalf of the Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Study Group
Published: April 2011

Aims and Hypothesis Giant intracranial aneurysms have a poor prognosis mainly due to their high risk of rupture. Because their incidence is low, clinical trial evidence for adequate treatment is lacking. The Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Registry is designed to document current treatment strategies in giant aneurysm care and to monitor the course of the disease over five-years. It aims to evaluate the hypothesis that all three possible branches of therapy (conservative/endovascular/surgical) lead to equal rupture rates. Design The Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Registry is an interdisciplinary multicenter observational study. Each center recruits patients diagnosed with a giant intracranial aneurysm both prospectively and retrospectively. Primary outcome will be the aneurysm rupture rate at five-years of follow-up. Study Outcome Patient enrollment has begun at 20 neurovascular centers throughout Germany, with 19 further centers applying for local ethics approval to take part in the study. The first nine months are designed as a pilot phase followed by the integration of study centers throughout the EU and the initiation of separate sub-studies. Discussion Giant intracranial aneurysms have often been ignored or marginalized due to their low incidence. The Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Registry aims to lead to a better understanding of these complex lesions and to serve as a basis for the development of future clinical studies.
Phylogenetic analysis of C, M, N, and U genomes and their relationships with Triticum and other related genomes as revealed by LMW-GS genes at Glu-3 loci
Authors: Wang Shunli , Li Xiaohui , Wang Ke , Wang Xiaozheng , Li Shanshan , Zhang Yanzhen , Guo Guangfang , Zeller Friedrich J. , Hsam Sai L. K. , Yan Yueming 
Published: April 2011

Phylogenetic relationships between the C, U, N, and M genomes of Aegilops species and the genomes of common wheat and other related species were investigated by using three types of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes at Glu-3 loci. A total of 20 LMW-GS genes from Aegilops and Triticum species were isolated, including 11 LMW-m type and 9 LMW-i type genes. Particularly, four LMW-m type and three LMW-i type subunits encoded by the genes on the C, N, and U genomes possessed an extra cysteine residue at conserved positions, which could provide useful information for understanding phylogenetic relationships among Aegilops and Triticum genomes. Phylogenetic trees constructed by using either LMW-i or the combination of LMW-m and LMW-s, as well as analysis of all the three types of LMW-GS genes together, demonstrated that the C and U genomes were closely related to the A genome, whereas the N and M genomes were closely related to the D genome. Our results support previous findings that the A genome was derived from Triticum uratu, the B genome was from Aegilops speltoides, and the D genome was from Aegilops tauschii. In addition, phylogenetic relationships among different genomes analysed in this study support the concept that Aegilops is not monophyletic.
Commuting mode choice in the context of travel demand management (TDM) policies: an empirical investigation in Edmonton, Alberta
Authors: Zaman Hamid , Habib Khandker M. Nurul 
Published: April 2011

Travel demand management (TDM) for achieving sustainability is now considered one of the most important aspects of transportation planning and operation. It is now a well known fact that excessive use of private car results inefficient travel behaviour. So, from the TDM perspective, it is of great importance to analyze travel behaviour for improving our understanding on how to influence people to reduce car use and choose more sustainable modes such as carpool, public transit, park & ride, walk, bike etc. This study attempts an in-depth analysis of commuting mode choice behaviour using a week-long commuter survey data set collected in the City of Edmonton. Using error correlated nested logit model for panel data, this study investigates sensitivities of various factors including some specific TDM policies such as flexible office hours, compressed work week etc. Results of the investigation provide profound understanding and guidelines for designing effective TDM policies.
Sapling age structure and growth series reveal a shift in recruitment dynamics of sugar maple and American beech over the last 40 years
Authors: Gravel Dominique , Beaudet Marilou , Messier Christian 
Published: April 2011

Northern hardwoods have undergone a marked change in their dynamics, with American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) increasing in abundance relative to sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.). This study aims to better understand this sudden shift in recruitment dynamics. We performed an extensive analysis of the age structure, radial growth pattern, and release history on >700 saplings from 34 mature maple–beech stands of southern Quebec. We found (i) that the sapling age structures showed a progressive decrease in the establishment of maple relative to beech starting about 40 years ago, (ii) a change in the species growth hierarchy that started in the 1980s due to increasing radial growth of beech, (iii) that this growth trend is negligible for both maple and beech when we account for size and suppression status, and finally (iv) that the growth trend appears to be independent of present soil conditions. These results contrast with previous studies conducted at the adult stage that reported a growth decline for maple. We conclude that this change in recruitment dynamics is not related to growth, and consequently, further studies investigating this phenomenon should concentrate on establishment and survival.
Temporal aspects ofQuercus rubradecline and relationship to climate in the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas
Authors: Haavik L.J. , Stahle D.W. , Stephen F.M. 
Published: April 2011

Extreme climate events are frequently important factors associated with episodes of forest decline. A recent oak decline event and concurrent outbreak of a native wood-boring beetle, the red oak borer ( Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman)), occurred throughout Arkansas Ozark and Ouachita Mountains. To investigate the role of drought and stand maturity on northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) decline, we analyzed tree-ring growth patterns and their relationships to climate from 815 live and 161 recently dead Q. rubra. While younger Q. rubra exhibited faster growth rates and stronger climate relationships than older Q. rubra, some individuals within all stands that originated >60 years ago were susceptible to growth decline or mortality. A significant growth interaction occurred among the three age classes identified where currently healthy Q. rubra were initially growing at slower decadal rates than currently declining or recently dead Q. rubra and later transitioned to higher growth rates than the others. These differences appear to be related to carbon allocation patterns towards rapid aboveground and (or) belowground growth early in development that led to later decline and (or) mortality. Decline in growth and weakening tree growth – climate relationships appeared to be initiated by an unusually severe and sustained drought in the early 1950s.
Forest transformation resulting from an exotic pathogen: regeneration and tanoak mortality in coast redwood stands affected by sudden oak death
Authors: Ramage Benjamin S. , O’Hara Kevin L. , Forrestel Alison B. 
Published: April 2011

Sudden oak death is dramatically altering forests throughout coastal California, but little is known about the communities that are assembling in affected areas. This emerging disease, caused by the exotic pathogen Phytophthora ramorum (S. Werres, A.W.A.M. de Cock), has had especially severe effects on tanoak ( Notholithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Manos, Cannon & S.H. Oh), a broadleaf evergreen that is abundant in forests dominated by coast redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl.). Tanoak, a valuable food source to numerous wildlife species, is unlikely to successfully regenerate in diseased areas, and thus, affected redwood forests are transitioning to a novel state. In this study, to predict which species might replace tanoak, we investigated regeneration patterns in heavily impacted stands in Marin County, California. Our main findings were as follows: (i) despite reductions in canopy cover, there is no evidence that any species other than tanoak has exhibited a regenerative response to tanoak mortality, (ii) the regeneration stratum was dominated by redwood and tanoak (other tree species were patchy and (or) scarce), and (iii) some severely affected areas lacked sufficient regeneration to fully re-occupy available growing space. Our results indicate that redwood is likely to initially re-occupy the majority of the ground relinquished by tanoak, but also provide evidence that longer-term trajectories are unresolved, and may be highly responsive to management interventions.
Patterns of pine regeneration following a large, severe wildfire in the mountains of southern California
Authors: Franklin Janet , Bergman Erin 
Published: April 2011

We examined establishment patterns of pines following a large, severe wildfire in the Peninsular Ranges of southern California, USA. The October 2003 Cedar Fire caused 98% pine mortality. In this study, we asked (i) where did seedlings establish and survive in formerly forested areas of the Cuyamaca Mountains 5 years following the high severity fire and (ii) what factors were associated with the spatial pattern of seedling establishment? Factors analyzed were pre-fire vegetation type, fire severity, post-fire vegetation characteristics, topography (slope, aspect, and elevation), and mapped soil type. We used a unique belt-transect survey method following the existing trail network that resulted in a representative sample of post-fire environments. Almost 1300 100 m × 20 m quadrats were searched in 2008–2009, one third of which supported juvenile pines. Regeneration primarily consisted of Coulter pine ( Pinus coulteri D. Don), a weakly serotinous pine that was establishing at densities of 5–2320/ha on half of the quadrats where it had occurred pre-fire. Pinus coulteri regenerated in areas burned at high severity where pre-fire pine cover was high and its abundance was positively associated with higher elevation and cover of bare soil. In contrast, minimal regeneration of nonserotinous pines occurred patchily in areas that were not severely burned.
PERTURBATION STABLE CONDITIONAL ANALYTIC MONTE-CARLO PRICING SCHEME FOR AUTO-CALLABLE PRODUCTS
Authors: FRIES CHRISTIAN P. , JOSHI MARK S. 
Published: April 2011

In this paper, we present a generic method for the Monte-Carlo pricing of (generalized) auto-callable products (aka. trigger products), i.e., products for which the payout function features a discontinuity with a (possibly) stochastic location (the trigger) and value (the payout). The Monte-Carlo pricing of products with discontinuous payout is known to come with a high Monte-Carlo error. The numerical calculation of sensitivities (i.e., partial derivatives) of such prices by finite differences gives very noisy results, since the Monte-Carlo approximation (being a finite sum of discontinuous functions) is not smooth. Additionally, the Monte-Carlo error of the finite-difference approximation explodes as the shift size tends to zero. Our method combines a product specific modification of the underlying numerical scheme, which is to some extent similar to an importance sampling and/or partial proxy simulation scheme and a reformulation of the payoff function into an equivalent smooth payout. From the financial product we merely require that hitting of the stochastic trigger will result in an conditionally analytic value. Many complex derivatives can be written in this form. A class of products where this property is usually encountered are the so called auto-callables, where a trigger hit results in cancellation of all future payments except for one redemption payment, which can be valued analytically, conditionally on the trigger hit. From the model we require that its numerical implementation allows for a calculation of the transition probability of survival (i.e., non-trigger hit). Many models allows this, e.g., Euler schemes of Itô processes, where the trigger is a model primitive. The method presented is effective across a large range of cases where other methods fail, e.g. small finite difference shift sizes or short time to trigger reset (approaching maturity); this means that a practitioner can use this method and be confident that it will work consistently. The method itself can be viewed as a generalization of the method proposed by Glasserman and Staum (2001), both with respect to the type (and shape) of the boundaries, as well as, with respect to the class of products considered. In addition we explicitly consider the calculation of sensitivities.
LOW TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF NTC TEMPERATURE SENSOR SPINEL-TYPE OXIDES NANOPOWDERS
Authors: HOSSEINI S. M. , SHOHANY B. GHANBARI , AZAD N. , KOMPANY A. 
Published: April 2011

NiCoxMn2-xO4(x = 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6) thermistor with nanopowders have been synthesized by the auto-combustion method at low temperatures. The size and morphology of the calcinated powders have been investigated using XRD and TEM techniques. The average particle size was estimated to be about 65 nm in diameter with the cubic and cubic + tetragonal phases for low and high cobalt concentrations, respectively. The grain size of NTC ceramics sintered at 1200°C is verified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Upon increasing the cobalt concentration, the grain size of NTC samples increases from about 2 μm to a few μm in size.The formation of spinel structure of powders has been studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. An ab initio calculation of electronic properties of NiCo0.8Mn1.2O4using full potential of the linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method has been performed. The results indicate that only the 3d- Mn orbitals play an important role in the conduction mechanism. The dependency of material resistivity constant (B) and temperature coefficient (α) have been measured.
Leukocyte Complexity Predicts Breast Cancer Survival and Functionally Regulates Response to Chemotherapy
Authors: DeNardo David G. , Brennan Donal J. , Rexhepaj Elton , Ruffell Brian , Shiao Stephen L. , Madden Stephen F. , Gallagher William M. , Wadhwani Nikhil , Keil Scott D. , Junaid Sharfaa A. , Rugo Hope S. , Hwang E. Shelley , Jirström Karin , West Brian L. , Coussens Lisa M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Immune-regulated pathways influence multiple aspects of cancer development. In this article we demonstrate that both macrophage abundance and T-cell abundance in breast cancer represent prognostic indicators for recurrence-free and overall survival. We provide evidence that response to chemotherapy is in part regulated by these leukocytes; cytotoxic therapies induce mammary epithelial cells to produce monocyte/macrophage recruitment factors, including colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and interleukin-34, which together enhance CSF1 receptor (CSF1R)–dependent macrophage infiltration. Blockade of macrophage recruitment with CSF1R-signaling antagonists, in combination with paclitaxel, improved survival of mammary tumor–bearing mice by slowing primary tumor development and reducing pulmonary metastasis. These improved aspects of mammary carcinogenesis were accompanied by decreased vessel density and appearance of antitumor immune programs fostering tumor suppression in a CD8+ T-cell–dependent manner. These data provide a rationale for targeting macrophage recruitment/response pathways, notably CSF1R, in combination with cytotoxic therapy, and identification of a breast cancer population likely to benefit from this novel therapeutic approach.
Significance: These findings reveal that response to chemotherapy is in part regulated by the tumor immune microenvironment and that common cytotoxic drugs induce neoplastic cells to produce monocyte/macrophage recruitment factors, which in turn enhance macrophage infiltration into mammary adenocarcinomas. Blockade of pathways mediating macrophage recruitment, in combination with chemotherapy, significantly decreases primary tumor progression, reduces metastasis, and improves survival by CD8+ T-cell–dependent mechanisms, thus indicating that the immune microenvironment of tumors can be reprogrammed to instead foster antitumor immunity and improve response to cytotoxic therapy. Cancer Discovery; 1(1); 54–67. ©2011 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 4
Epidemiology—Found in Translation
Authors: Spitz Margaret R. , Caporaso Neil E. , Freedman Andrew N. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We highlight the value of carefully designed observational epidemiologic analyses in translating basic science discoveries to clinical application and in providing the impetus for exploring underlying mechanisms for observed associations. Coupling epidemiologic data with an in vitro screen of commonly used therapeutic agents may identify novel applications for further clinical testing. Cancer Discovery; 1(1); 21–2. ©2011 AACR.
Commentary on Platz et al., p. 68
KRAS Oncogene Rearrangements and Gene Fusions: Unexpected Rare Encounters in Late-Stage Prostate Cancers
Authors: Edgren Henrik , Kangaspeska Sara , Kallioniemi Olli 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Wang and colleagues identify a fusion between UBE2L3 and KRAS in a subset of metastatic prostate cancers. Cancer Discovery; 1(1); 12–3. ©2011 AACR.
Commentary on Wang et al., p. 35
Stumbling Blocks on the Path to Personalized Medicine in Breast Cancer: The Case of PARP Inhibitors for BRCA1/2-Associated Cancers
Authors: Balmaña Judith , Domchek Susan M. , Tutt Andrew , Garber Judy E. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The popular vision for the future of oncology includes the rational design of therapies inhibiting specific targets, for which development would be less expensive and the chance of success greater because the agent, the target, and a population predicted to benefit maximally would be known from the outset. In the breast cancer arena, successful targeted therapies have entered clinical practice. Recently, patients with BRCA-associated cancers have been identified as eligible for novel investigational therapies targeting their genetic deficiency. Preclinical data, phase I results, and 2 phase II proof-of-concept studies support the continued development of PARP inhibitors, either as single agents or in combination with specific cytotoxic drugs in this setting. In this article, we provide a brief review of current developments concerning PARP inhibitors in BRCA-associated cancers and express concerns about challenges to further development.
Summary: PARP inhibitors may represent a new and promising targeted therapy for patients with BRCA1/2-associated cancer. In this review we summarize the main challenges in the clinical development of these agents. Cancer Discovery; 1(1); 29–34. ©2011 AACR.