bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA variation in two invasive birch leaf-mining sawflies in North America
Authors: MacQuarrie Chris J.K. , Langor David W. , Sperling Felix A.H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II genes were sequenced for two invasive alien birch (BetulaL. [Betulaceae]) leaf-mining sawflies,Profenusa thomsoni(Konow, 1886) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) andScolioneura betuleti(Klug, 1816) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), accidentally introduced from Europe to North America. Ten North American and two European populations ofP. thomsoniwere sampled. As no genetic variation was observed for this parthenogenic species in Europe or North America, there is no evidence that this species was introduced more than once into North America. A single Canadian population of putativeS. betuletiwas genetically characterized and compared with populations ofS. betuletiandScolioneura vicinaKonow, 1894 in Europe to resolve the species identity of the introduced Canadian population. Three haplotypes were present in European material but only one haplotype was represented in material collected in Canada. The haplotype in the Canadian population occurred in bothS. betuletiandS. vicinain Europe. Thus, this preliminary genetic work cannot provide certain identity of the Canadian species. Moreover, there was no significant genetic difference between putativeS. betuletiandS. vicinain Europe, leading us to suggest thatS. vicinamay not be reproductively isolated fromS. betuleti, despite ecological differences.
Life history of the northern mayfly Baetis bundyae in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, Canada, with updates to the list of mayflies of Nunavut
Authors: Giberson Donna J. , Burian Steven K. , Shouldice Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMayflies (Ephemeroptera) were collected from 35 sites (streams and tundra ponds) across southern Nunavut in 2002–2005. Nine mayfly species were previously reported for Nunavut: Acentrella feropagus Alba-Tercedor and McCafferty, Acerpenna pygmaea (Hagen), Baetis bundyae Lehmkuhl, B. flavistriga McDunnough, B. foemina McDunnough, Diphetor hageni (Eaton) (Baetidae), Ephemerella aurivillii (Bengtsson) (Ephemerellidae), Leptophlebia nebulosa (Walker) (Leptophlebiidae), and Metretopus borealis (Eaton) (Metrotopidae). We add 7 species to this list, bringing the total to 16: Ameletus inopinatus Eaton (Ameletidae), Acentrella lapponica Bengtsson, Baetis hudsonicus Ide, B. tricaudatus Dodds, Heptagenia solitaria McDunnough (Heptageniidae), Rhithrogena jejuna Eaton (Heptageniidae), and Parameletus chelifer Bengtsson (Siphlonuridae). Based on numbers collected, the dominant mayfly family was Baetidae. Baetis bundyae was the most common mayfly collected, particularly in coastal areas, where larvae were found in permanent and temporary streams and in small or shallow tundra ponds. Larvae hatched 2–3 weeks after ice-out and developed rapidly in 2.5–4 weeks, emerging as adults by early August. All populations containing larvae that were large enough to sex showed female-biased sex ratios, suggesting parthenogenesis. A combination of freeze-tolerant eggs, good dispersal ability, and probable parthenogenesis is probably responsible for the success of Baetidae across the Arctic.
Taxonomic review of the leek moth genusAcrolepiopsis(Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) in North America
Authors: Landry Jean-François 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe North American species ofAcrolepiopsisare reviewed and include six described species:A. assectella(Zeller),A. californicaGaedike,A. heppneriGaedike,A. incertella(Chambers),A. leucoscia(Meyrick), andA. reticulosa(Braun).Acrolepiopsis liliivoraGaedike is considered a junior synonym ofA. californica(new synonymy).Acrolepiopsis assectella, commonly known as the leek moth, is a recently invasive alien species in North America and a pest of the plant genusAllium, including leek, onion, garlic, and related cultivated plants. A key to species based on adults is provided, diagnostic characters including male and female genitalia are illustrated, and geographical distribution, host plants, and larval feeding pattern and damage (where known) are given. Diagnostics and illustrations are presented also forA. sapporensis(Matsumura); known as the Asiatic onion leafminer, it is very similar toA. assectellaand is an invasive alien species present in Hawaii, though not in North America. Adult diagnostic characters of the genusAcrolepiopsis, the family Acrolepiidae, and the superfamily Yponomeutoidea are also provided and illustrated. DNA barcoding data (short sequences of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase I gene) obtained for five of the six species revealed interspecific differences averaging 8.1%, whereas intraspecific variation was ≤ 0.16%, and provided unequivocal species separation matching morphology-based identifications.
Response of Pityophthorus puberulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to pheromones and terpenes
Authors: Brauner A.M. , de Groot Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn field studies conducted to improve trapping programs for the white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz), a twig beetle, Pityophthorus puberulus (LeConte), a common associate of eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae), in seed orchards, was also captured. In these experiments, P. puberulus was attracted to traps containing the sex pheromone pityol with or without the monoterpenes (−)-α-pinene and (−)-β-pinene, but attraction to traps was inhibited when S-(−)-limonene was present. We speculate that limonene may play an important role in host recognition and suitability, by indicating a resource suitable for C. coniperda but unsuitable for P. puberulus.
Garden substrate preparation behaviours in fungus-growing ants
Authors: Mangone D.M. , Currie C.R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: tribe Attini) engage in mutually beneficial symbioses with fungi (Basidiomycota) that serve as their main food source. The leaf-cutters (genera Acromyrmex Mayr and Atta Fabricius), the most derived attine ants, employ elaborate nest-hygiene behaviours, including substrate preparation. By preparing substrate prior to its incorporation into the fungus garden, workers facilitate the physical breakdown of leaf material while reducing the abundance of potentially harmful microbes that contact their fungal mutualist. Despite its importance in ant fungiculture, substrate preparation has not been investigated in other genera of fungus-growing ants. We examined substrate-preparation procedures used by five genera of fungus-growing ants (Apterostigma Mayr, Cyphomyrmex Mayr, Trachymyrmex Forel, Acromyrmex, and Atta) representing most of the phylogenetic range of the Attini. Behavioural observations revealed that all five genera engage in substrate-preparation behaviours. Furthermore, these behaviours vary by genus, with Trachymyrmex, Acromyrmex, and Atta engaging in more elaborate preparation behaviours than the other genera. Additionally, we found that during substrate preparation, leaf-cutting ants inoculate leaf fragments with actinomycetous bacteria. These filamentous bacteria are known to produce antibiotics that suppress fungal pathogens, which suggests that inoculation with the bacterial mutualist during substrate preparation helps protect the fungus gardens of leaf-cutter ants from these parasites. Our finding that substrate-preparation behaviours occur across the phylogenetic range of attine ants suggests that these behaviours are a critical component of successful fungiculture by ants.
The effect of exposure to conspecifics on restlessness in the parasitoid waspNasonia vitripennis(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: King B.H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWhen habitat quality is variable, there should be strong selection for the ability to detect and respond to the variation. Adult females of the parasitoid waspNasonia vitripennis(Walker) are known to increase their restlessness (the proportion of time in locomotion) both during and after exposure to a poor quality host. Doing so provides a mechanism for leaving a poor host and potentially finding a better host. This study examined whether restlessness also changes in response to competition as indicated by the presence of adult conspecifics. Both restlessness and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment were greater when a female was with another female than when she was alone. However, restlessness did not remain elevated after the other female was removed. In contrast with females, restlessness of males did not increase either during or after exposure to other males, and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment was unaffected by the presence of another male. The difference between females and males may be related to differences in dispersal ability and in the abundance and distribution of hosts versus mates.
Factors influencing aestivation inLaricobius nigrinus(Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator ofAdelges tsugae(Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Authors: Lamb A.B. , Salom S.M. , Kok L.T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLaricobius nigrinusFender is being reared for release as a biological control agent for hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA),Adelges tsugaeAnnand. HWA is an introduced insect lethal to hemlock trees (Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carr. andT. carolinianaEngelm.) in the eastern United States. In nature, the predator (Laricobius nigrinus) and its prey (HWA) undergo a dormant period in the summer (aestivation). In the laboratory, the aestivation ofL. nigrinushas not been synchronized with that of HWA, resulting in significant predator mortality. Four factors (genetics, temperature, photoperiod, and moisture) were investigated for their effects on aestivation inL. nigrinus. Both the number of individuals and the time at which they emerged from aestivation were measured in response to these factors. Temperature was the most important cue for termination of aestivation, and photoperiod was a modifying factor. High temperature and long day length delayed emergence and high moisture levels resulted in greater emergence but did not affect emergence time. Genetics, as represented by broods, was not a major factor in aestivation termination. These results have led to improvement in rearingL. nigrinus, since emergence from aestivation can now be synchronized with the active period of HWA. Increased success in rearing has expedited field releases ofL. nigrinusin the eastern United States.
Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada,
Authors: Gillespie David R. , Quiring D.M.J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPopulations of Orius spp. were surveyed in the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, to determine whether O. insidiosus Say, a non-indigenous species, had established in the region as a result of being released inside greenhouses for biological control of pests. Field collections over 8 years revealed a low incidence of O. insidiosus (10 specimens, <1% of total Orius spp. collected). Numbers in collections did not increase, and collection localities did not become more widespread over the 8 years of survey. Competitive exclusion and temperature and diapause thresholds are discussed as possible mechanisms limiting the establishment of this otherwise widespread North American species.
Ontogeny, variation, and synonymy in North AmericanCybaeusspiders (Araneae: Cybaeidae)
Authors: Bennett Robert G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOntogeny, interspecific homogeneity, and intraspecific variability of female genitalic and other characters of North AmericanCybaeusL. Koch spiders are described and used to resolve taxonomic problems in the genus. Ontogenetic changes in spermathecal duct morphology occur as females mature and age. Three distinct ontogenetic stages are described: pre-epigynum/pre-vulva, subadult / teneral adult, and mature adult. Concordant with aspects of sexual selection theory, closely related females may be morphologically indistinguishable. ManyCybaeusspecies exhibit a wide range of body size. Within single species, ontogenetic stages and outlier size classes have been described as separate species. Species with similar females have been lumped under one name. Based on this, 10 new synonyms are proposed for North AmericanCybaeus:C. adenoidesSchenkel =C. grizzlyiSchenkel;C. chaudiusExline andC. hatchiExline= C. shoshoneusChamberlin and Ivie;C. exlineaeChamberlin and Ivie =C. bulbosusExline;C. hystrixChamberlin and Ivie =C. cribelloidesChamberlin and Ivie;C. janusChamberlin and Ivie =C. eutypusChamberlin and Ivie;C. marinensisChamberlin and Ivie andC. angelusChamberlin and Ivie =C. consociusChamberlin and Ivie; andC. olympiaeExline andC. tiusChamberlin and Ivie =C. reticulatusSimon. In addition, four old synonyms are rejected:C. grizzlyiSchenkel andC. adenoidesSchenkel ≠C. adenesChamberlin and Ivie;C. patritusBishop and Crosby andC. silicisBarrows ≠C. giganteusBanks.
The Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) of Canada, with notes on morphology, ecology, and distribution
Authors: Cannings Robert A. , Cannings Sydney G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMorphological, biological, and distributional data are presented for the four Canadian species of Mantispidae. A key for the identification of these species is provided. Climaciella brunnea (Say) is the most frequently collected Canadian species, occurring in southern British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. Dicromantispa interrupta (Say) comb. nov. is given as a new combination for Mantispa interrupta Say; it is recorded in southern Ontario and Quebec. Dicromantispa sayi (Banks) occurs only in extreme southwestern Ontario. Leptomantispa pulchella (Banks) inhabits the dry Okanagan Valley of British Columbia; it is also known from Ojibway Prairie, Windsor, Ontario. The presence of the latter two species in Canada is published for the first time.
A new genus of Oedemopsini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) with a key to the genera of the tribe
Authors: Bennett Andrew M.R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractScudderopsisgen. nov.is described from New Guinea (type species:Scudderopsis baiyerensissp. nov.). This monobasic genus is placed in the tribe Oedemopsini. A diagnosis and key are provided to distinguishScudderopsisfrom the other 11 genera in the tribe.
Revision of the New World lygaeoid genus Epipolops (Heteroptera: Geocoridae: Pamphantinae: Epipolopini), with descriptions of five new species
Authors: Henry Thomas J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFive new species of the Neotropical geocorid genus Epipolops are recognized, raising to 14 the number of known species. The new species E. angelaesp. nov., E. kathrynaesp. nov., E. scudderisp. nov., E. slaterisp. nov., and E. thomasisp. nov. are described, the identity of E. mucronatus Distant is clarified, and the nine previously known species are diagnosed and redescribed. Photographs, scanning electron photomicrographs, outline illustrations of all pronota and hemelytra, and an identification key are provided to help distinguish species.
New genera and species of feather mites of the family Gabuciniidae (Astigmata: Pterolichoidea) from New World raptors (Aves: Falconiformes)
Authors: Mironov S. V. , Proctor H. C. , Barreto M. , Zimmerman G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe describe four new species of feather mites of the family Gabuciniidae collected from Accipitridae and Falconidae (Falconiformes) from South and North America. Three of these belong to new genera,Metagabuciniagen. nov. with one new species andProaposolenidiagen. nov.with two new species. We also describe one new species of the genusAposolenidiaGaud and Atyeo. The new species and host records areAposolenidia striatasp. nov.from the pearl kite,Gampsonyx swainsoniiVigors,Metagabucinia caracaraesp. nov.from the red-throated caracara,Ibycter americanus(Boddaert),Proaposolenidia accipitrissp. nov.from the Cooper’s hawk,Accipiter cooperii(Bonaparte), andProaposolenidia elanoidessp. nov.from the swallow-tailed kite,Elanoides forficatus(Linnaeus).Aposolenidia,Metagabucinia, andProaposolenidiaconstitute a morphologically distinct group within the Gabuciniidae. This “Aposolenidiagenus group” is characterized by the following features: bases of epimerites of legs I and II inflated, ball-shaped, heavily sclerotized, and connected by sclerotized dorsolateral bridges; tarsi of legs I and II with dorsal walls strongly thickened and dorsobasal part of tarsus I inflated. Members of this group coexist on falconiforms with other gabuciniid taxa that exhibit longer and more extensively sclerotized bodies, such as the generaAetacarusGaud and Atyeo,HieracolichusGaud and Atyeo, andRamogabuciniaGaud and Atyeo.
Trophic interactions between three species of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and spring wheat (Poaceae): implications for pest management
Authors: Migui Samuel M. , Lamb Robert J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe susceptibilities of genetically diverse Canadian spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf., to three aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were investigated. Trophic interactions measured as changes in biomass of aphids and wheat plants were used to quantify levels of resistance, components of resistance, and impact of aphids on yield. Plants in field cages were infested with small numbers of aphids for 21 days at heading. These plants were usually more suitable for the development of S. avenae and S. graminum than of R. padi. Partial resistance, measured as seed production by infested plants as a proportion of that by a control, varied from 11% to 59% for different aphid species and wheat classes when all wheat plants were infested at the same stage. Cultivars within wheat classes responded similarly to each of the aphid species. None of the wheat cultivars showed agriculturally effective levels of antibiosis. The specific impact of each aphid species and wheat class varied from 5 to 15 mg of plant biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by the aphids. Canadian Western Red Spring wheat had a lower specific impact and therefore was more tolerant to aphids than the other two classes, but not tolerant enough to avoid economic damage at the aphid densities observed. Plants did not compensate for feeding damage after aphid feeding ceased, based on the higher specific impacts observed for mature plants than for plants that were heading. The interactions between aphids and plants show that current economic thresholds probably underestimate the damage caused by cereal aphids to Canadian spring wheat.
Pentanota meuseli (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) erroneously recorded from North America
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPentanota meuseli Bernhauer was erroneously reported from Alaska, based on a misidentification of a specimen of Neothetalia sp. near N. columbiana Klimaszewski, and is here removed from the list of genera and species occurring in North America. A lectotype and a paralectotype are designated for the species from the only two existing original Bernhauer specimens. External and genital illustrations are provided to avoid identification problems in the future.
The role ofPityophthorusspp. as vectors of pitch canker affectingPinus radiata
Authors: Sakamoto Joyce M. , Gordon Thomas R. , Storer Andrew J. , Wood David L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe fungusFusarium circinatumNirenberg and O’Donnell (Hypocreaceae) causes pitch canker, a disease affecting pines worldwide. In California, many native insect species have been implicated in transmission ofF. circinatum. This study showed that two twig beetle species,Pityophthorus setosusBlackman andPityophthorus carmeliSwaine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Corthylini), can make wounds on healthy Monterey pine (Pinus radiataD. Don (Pinaceae)) branches that are suitable for infection by the pitch canker pathogen. Because these two species are not known to engage in maturation feeding and the observed wounds were not associated with tunneling, we hypothesize that the wounds reflect “exploratory tasting” to assess the suitability of the substrate for colonization. This behavior would help to explain how twig beetles can serve as wounding agents on healthy host branches, which are not amenable to colonization by these insects. We tested two specific hypotheses: (1) two native species ofPityophthoruscan create wounds onF. circinatum-contaminated trees that are sufficient for development of disease; and (2) the efficiency with whichF. circinatuminfects beetle wounds is affected by relative humidity. Under growth-chamber conditions, bothPityophthorusspecies indulged in exploratory behavior that caused wounds suitable for development of pitch canker. Field experiments did not confirm a significant effect of beetle activity on infection frequency, perhaps because of an overall low infection rate due to low temperatures. Experiments conducted under controlled conditions documented a significant effect of relative humidity on the success rate of twig beetle-initiated infections.
Effects of diapause duration on postdiapause performance of spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) during mass rearing on artificial diet
Authors: van Frankenhuyzen Kees , Ebling Peter , Dedes John , Pitt Doug 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), has an obligatory winter dormancy period that lasts up to 10 months in the field. In the Great Lakes Forestry Centre rearing facility, neonate larvae spin hibernacula in cheesecloth, which is then stored at 2 °C for between 20 and 30 weeks. Although dormancy survival and synchrony of postemergence development are highest when larvae are stored in the cold for 16–35 weeks, it is not known how cold-storage duration affects spruce budworm performance once diapause has been completed. We exposed approximately 9250 second-instar larvae (belonging to three rearing cohorts) to 2 °C for 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, or 37 weeks and monitored various postdiapause performance variables. Increasing cold storage from 16 to 25 weeks or more resulted in small (approximately 10%) increases in dormancy survival and larval development rates (from second instar to pupation), a larger (up to 23%) increase in pupal mass and realized fecundity (number of eggs laid per female), and an increase of at least 25% in late-instar survival (from fifth instar to pupation). The only variable that was negatively affected was the pupal survival, but the decrease was relatively small. Therefore, storing diapausing larvae for at least 25 weeks optimizes postdiapause performance variables that are important for mass-rearing efficiency.
Growth-pattern variation in two species of Rheumatobates (Heteroptera: Gerridae) with different degrees of sexual dimorphism
Authors: Iglesias M.S. , Crespo F.A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGrowth patterns of Rheumatobates crassifemur crassifemur Esaki and R. bonariensis (Berg) were compared in a multivariate framework. Study of allometric coefficients in R. bonariensis showed sexual differences biased towards males in antennal and foreleg segments and biased towards females in body length and middle-leg segments. Multivariate allometric analysis of female growth patterns detected variation among species in those characters that are strongly modified in males of R. c. crassifemur. We show that sexual morphology diverges as of nymph V in R. c. crassifemur but only in the adults of R. bonariensis.