bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological flexibility as a mediator of improvement in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for patients with chronic pain following whiplash
Authors: Wicksell Rikard K. , Olsson Gunnar L. , Hayes Steven C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has made important contributions to chronic pain management, but the process by which it is effective is not clear. Recently, strong arguments have been raised concerning the need for theory driven research to e.g. identify mechanisms of change in CBT and enhance the effectiveness of this type of treatment. However, the number of studies addressing these issues is still relatively scarce. Furthermore, the arrival of varieties of CBT with seemingly different process targets increases the need for such information. The present study explored the processes of change in a previously reported successful randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an exposure‐based form of behavioral and cognitive therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), on improvement in pain‐related disability and life satisfaction for patients suffering from whiplash‐associated disorder (WAD). Several process variables relevant to theories underlying traditional CBT were included: pain, distress, kinesiophobia, self‐efficacy, and the process primarily targeted by ACT: psychological inflexibility. Mediation analyses were performed using a non‐parametric cross‐product of the coefficients approach. Results illustrated that pain intensity, anxiety, depression, kinesiophobia, and self‐efficacy did not have significant mediating effects on the dependent variables. In contrast, significant indirect effects were seen for psychological inflexibility on pain‐related disability (pre‐ to post‐change scores) and life satisfaction (pre‐ to post; pre‐ to 4‐month follow‐up change scores). Although tentative, these results support the mediating role of psychological inflexibility in ACT‐oriented interventions aimed at improving functioning and life satisfaction in people with chronic pain.
Early morning cortisol response and emotional processing in adults exposed to postnatal depression in infancy
Authors: Douglas J.-L. , Harmer C.-J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEmotional processing and cortisol were investigated in non-depressed young adults whose mothers experienced PND. PND-exposed participants (n = 11) had higher waking salivary cortisol and slower performance on an emotional categorization task than controls (n = 15). This supports the hypothesis that early exposure to maternal depression is associated with characteristics reminiscent of vulnerability to depression.
Mental disorders and delivery motorcycle drivers (motoboys): A dangerous association
Authors: Kieling R.R. , Szobot C.M. , Matte B. , Coelho R.S. , Kieling C. , Pechansky F. , Rohde L.A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveLow and middle-income countries experience an expressive growth in the number of circulating motorcycles, paralleled by an increasing number of traffic accidents. Delivery motorcycles drivers (“motoboys”) are generally perceived as accountable for this scenario. Although traffic accidents have a multivariate etiology, mental disorders, such as substance use disorders (SUD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are often involved. This paper aims at investigating the prevalence of ADHD, SUD and other mental disorders in a sample of Brazilian motoboys, and additionally, to evaluate the association between psychiatric diagnoses, motorcycle accidents and traffic violation tickets.MethodA convenient sample of subjects was invited to participate in a cross-sectional assessment including an inventory of traffic accidents and violations. Psychiatric diagnoses were based on semi-structured and clinical interviews.ResultsA sample of 101 motoboys was assessed. Overall, 75% of subjects had a positive lifetime history of at least one psychiatric disorder. SUD was the most frequent diagnosis (43.6% for alcohol, 39.6% for cannabis). ADHD was associated with a higher number of traffic accidents (p= 0.002), and antisocial personality disorder (APD) was associated with a greater number of traffic violations (p= 0.007).ConclusionsThe prevalence of mental disorders was much higher in our sample than in the general population. ADHD and APD, but not SUD, were associated with negative traffic outcomes. These findings have implications for public mental health planning since mental disorders can be both prevented and treated, improving driving behavior and increasing road safety.
Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder spectrum
Authors: Tumkaya S. , Karadag F. , Oguzhanoglu N.K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObsessive compulsive symptoms are more frequent in patients with schizophrenia compared to normal population. Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder may also exhibit psychosis-like symptoms. Based on these findings, it has been suggested that there is a spectrum of disorders between OCD and schizophrenia. We compared two OCD groups (with good and poor insight) and two schizophrenia groups (with and without OCD) in this recommended spectrum especially in terms of neurological soft signs (NSSs) associated with sensory integration. The schizophrenia with OCD (schizo-obsessive) group exhibited worse performance than the schizophrenia group (p= 0.002) in only graphesthesia tasks. Moreover, schizo-obsessive patients exhibited worse performance compared to OCD patients in terms of graphesthesia (p= 0.001) and audiovisual integration (p= 0.001). Interestingly, OCD patients with poor insight tended to exhibit graphesthesia deficit in a similar manner to schizo-obsessive patients rather than OCD patients. According to our results, graphesthesia disorder is strongly associated both with OCD and schizophrenia. This suggests that neurodevelopmental disorders that lead to graphesthesia disorder overlap in comorbid OCD and schizophrenia patients.
Initial UK experience of patient satisfaction with the Meniett®device for Ménière's disease treatment
Authors: Buchanan M A , Rai A , Prinsley P R 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate patient satisfaction and symptom improvement following treatment of Ménière's disease with the Meniett®device.Methods:Retrospective, questionnaire-based audit and analysis of unilateral Ménière's disease patients’ records, following on from a previous study from our departments on intra-tympanic gentamicin for Ménière's disease, using the Vertigo Symptom Scale and Glasgow Benefit Inventory as outcome measures.Results:Of 33 consecutive patients treated with the Meniett®device for four to six weeks, 30 responded to the questionnaires (90.9 per cent). Respondents’ mean Vertigo Symptom Scale score was 0.7 (range 0–2.1), and their mean Glasgow Benefit Inventory general subscale score was 24.1. Nineteen (63.3 per cent) patients felt that the device had alleviated their vertigo and tinnitus.Conclusions:This is the first UK study of the effectiveness of the Meniett®device in treating Ménière's disease. It shows that the Meniett®device is a well tolerated, useful and minimally invasive means of treating Ménière's disease after medical treatment has failed, and before more potentially cochleo- and vestibulo-toxic therapies and invasive procedures are utilised.
KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α gene expression in laryngeal small cell carcinoma
Authors: Kanazawa T , Nokubi M , Takizawa K , Matsuzawa S , Shinnabe A , Mineta H , Iino Y 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective:Small cell carcinoma has the worst prognosis of all laryngeal neoplasms. In order to further characterise this tumour, with a view to development of new therapeutic approaches, we report the results of KIT gene and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α gene expression analysis, for two extremely rare cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the larynx.Method:Case reports, including immunohistochemical study, and review of the literature.Results:We present two patients with laryngeal small cell carcinoma, who died from tumour metastasis to the lungs and brain despite aggressive treatment. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive reactions for KIT gene expression and platelet-derived growth factor α gene expression in patient one, and for KIT gene expression in patient two. Molecular genetic analysis, using polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing, identified no mutations of the KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α genes.Conclusion:Although further investigation is necessary regarding KIT gene expression and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α gene expression in laryngeal small cell carcinoma, the reported results suggest that these genes may be significant in the development of molecular targeted therapy.
Aerogel foil plasma: Forward scattering, back scattering, and transmission of laser radiation
Authors: Starodub A.N. , Borisenko N.G. , Fronya A.A. , Merkuliev Yu.A. , Osipov M.V. , Puzyrev V.N. , Sahakyan A.T. , Vasin B.L. , Yakushev O.F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractExperimental results obtained with “Kanal-2” facility under the study of powerful laser pulse interaction with the low density microstructure media are presented and discussed in this paper. Forward scattering, back scattering, and transmission of laser radiation by aerogel foil plasma have been investigated. The temporal, spectral, and energy characteristics of both the radiation scattering in the direction of heating radiation beam and the back scattering radiation were studied; the directional diagrams of forward and back scattering radiation were obtained for ω0 and 2ω0 frequencies. Analysis of intensity redistribution on the heating beam cross-section after passing through a polymer microstructure target was carried out.
Expression and modulation of connexin30.2, a novel gap junction protein in the mouse retina
Authors: PÉREZ DE SEVILLA MÜLLER LUIS , DEDEK KARIN , JANSSEN-BIENHOLD ULRIKE , MEYER ARNDT , KREUZBERG MARIA M. , LORENZ SUSANNE , WILLECKE KLAUS , WEILER RETO 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMammalian retinae express multiple connexins that mediate the metabolic and electrical coupling of various cell types. In retinal neurons, only connexin36, connexin45, connexin50, and connexin57 have been described so far. Here, we present an analysis of a novel retinal connexin, connexin30.2 (Cx30.2), and its regulation in the mouse retina. To analyze the expression of Cx30.2, we used a transgenic mouse line in which the coding region of Cx30.2 was replaced by lacZ reporter DNA. We detected the lacZ signal in the nuclei of neurons located in the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). In this study, we focused on the GCL and characterized the morphology of the Cx30.2-expressing cells. Using immunocytochemistry and intracellular dye injections, we found six different types of Cx30.2-expressing ganglion cells: one type of ON-OFF, three types of OFF, and two types of ON ganglion cells; among the latter was the RGA1 type. We show that RGA1 cells were heterologously coupled to numerous displaced amacrine cells. Our results suggest that these gap junction channels may be heterotypic, involving Cx30.2 and a connexin yet unidentified in the mouse retina. Gap junction coupling can be modulated by protein kinases, a process that plays a major role in retinal adaptation. Therefore, we studied the protein kinase–induced modulation of coupling between RGA1 and displaced amacrine cells. Our data provide evidence that coupling of RGA1 cells to displaced amacrine cells is mediated by Cx30.2 and that the extent of this coupling is modulated by protein kinase C.
High frequency of psychopathology in subjects wishing to lose weight: an observational study in Italian subjects
Authors: Martinelli Valentina , Colombo Ottavia , Nichini Cristiano , Repossi Ilaria , Vinai Piergiuseppe , Tagliabue Anna 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the frequency of psychiatric disorders in subjects wishing to lose weight categorized according to BMI.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAn academic outpatient clinical nutrition service in Italy.SubjectsA total of 207 subjects (thirty-nine men and 168 women; mean age: 38·7 (sd 14·1) years) consecutively attending the study centre for the first time between January 2003 and December 2006.ResultsIn the entire study group, eighty-three (40 %) subjects had a psychiatric disorder according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision. Eating disorders were the most prevalent psychiatric condition (thirty-six subjects, 17·4 %), followed by mood and anxiety disorders (9·7 % and 8·7 %, respectively). The frequency of psychiatric disorders among different BMI categories was as follows: 75·0 % in underweight, 50·0 % in normal weight, 33·3 % in overweight and 33·3 % in obese subjects.ConclusionsPsychiatric disorders may be frequently found in subjects wishing to lose weight. Our results highlight the importance of psychiatric assessment especially in underweight and normal-weight subjects.
Texas nutrition environment assessment of retail food stores (TxNEA-S): development and evaluation
Authors: Gloria Christian T , Steinhardt Mary A 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveCurrent nutrition environment instruments are typically designed to measure a small number of healthy foods based on national trends. They lack the depth to accurately measure the unique dietary choices of subpopulations, such as Texas consumers whose food preferences are influenced by Hispanic/Latino culture. Thus the purposes of the present study were to: (i) develop a comprehensive observational tool to measure the availability of healthy foods from retail stores in Texas; and (ii) conduct a pilot test to examine the tool’s reliability, as well as differences in the availability of healthy foods in stores between high- and low-income neighbourhoods.DesignGrocery and convenience stores were assessed for availability of healthy foods. Reliability was calculated using percentage agreement, and differences in availability were examined using 2 (store type) × 2 (neighbourhood income) ANOVA.SettingOne high-income and one low-income neighbourhood in Austin, Texas.SubjectsA sample of thirty-eight stores comprising twenty-five convenience stores and thirteen grocery stores.ResultsThe low-income neighbourhood had 324 % more convenience stores and 56 % fewer grocery stores than the high-income neighbourhood. High inter-rater (mean = 0·95) and test–retest reliability (mean = 0·92) and a significant interaction (P = 0·028) between store type and neighbourhood income were found.ConclusionsThe TxNEA-S tool includes 106 healthy food items, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy, proteins and grains. The tool is reliable and face validity is affirmed by the Texas Department of Health. Grocery stores have more healthy foods than convenience stores, and high-income grocery stores offer more healthy foods than low-income grocery stores.
Validity and reproducibility of the FFQ (FFQW82) for dietary assessment in female adolescents
Authors: Watanabe Mariko , Yamaoka Kazue , Yokotsuka Masako , Adachi Misa , Tango Toshiro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the validity and reproducibility of a self-administered FFQ with eighty-two food items (FFQW82) for assessing the habitual diet in female adolescents.DesignThe validity of the FFQW82 for assessment of nutrient intake was evaluated by comparison with a 7 d weighed food record (7d-FRRI) reported as ‘gold standard’. Reproducibility of the FFQW82 was assessed at an interval of 1 month (test–retest method). The first survey (FFQW82 and 7d-FRRI) was conducted in April 2007 and the second FFQW82 survey was conducted in May 2007. Daily consumption of energy from eleven food groups and nine nutrients were calculated from both instruments for breakfast, lunch, dinner and the whole day. Crude and energy-adjusted Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated using log-transformed data.SettingMiddle school, Tokyo, Japan.SubjectsFemale adolescents aged 12–13 years.ResultsSixty-three female adolescents completed both surveys. The relative difference between the energy intake calculated by the FFQW82 and the 7d-FRRI for the whole day, breakfast, lunch and dinner was 8 %, 10 %, 15 % and 10 %, respectively. As for validity, the correlation coefficient of total energy intake for the whole day was 0·31. The result for breakfast was relatively higher (0·59) compared with that for lunch (0·40) and dinner (0·32). For macronutrients, the energy-adjusted correlation coefficient ranged from 0·28 (carbohydrates) to 0·53 (protein). Reproducibility of total energy intake was 0·62 and ranged from 0·46 (fat) to 0·69 (carbohydrate) for macronutrients.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the FFQW82 has proved to have some potential with regard to reproducibility among our study population.
NONDECREASING FUNCTIONS, EXCEPTIONAL SETS AND GENERALIZED BOREL LEMMAS
Authors: HALBURD R. G. , KORHONEN R. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAccording to the classical Borel lemma, any positive nondecreasing continuous function T satisfiesT(r+1/T(r))≤2T(r) outside a possible exceptional set of finite linear measure. This lemma plays an important role in the theory of entire and meromorphic functions, where the increasing function T is either the logarithm of the maximum modulus function, or the Nevanlinna characteristic. As a result, exceptional sets appear throughout Nevanlinna theory, in particular in Nevanlinna’s second main theorem. In this paper, we consider generalizations of Borel’s lemma. Conversely, we consider ways in which certain inequalities can be modified so as to remove exceptional sets. All results discussed are presented from the point of view of real analysis.
THE SKITOVICH–DARMOIS THEOREM FOR LOCALLY COMPACT ABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: FELDMAN GENNADIY , GRACZYK PIOTR 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAccording to the Skitovich–Darmois theorem, the independence of two linear forms of n independent random variables implies that the random variables are Gaussian. We consider the case where independent random variables take values in a second countable locally compact abelian group X, and coefficients of the forms are topological automorphisms of X. We describe a wide class of groups X for which a group-theoretic analogue of the Skitovich–Darmois theorem holds true when n=2.
Educating for Citizenship? Re-Assessing the Role of Islamic Instruction in German Schools
Authors: Mushaben Joyce Marie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPositing a “clash of cultures,” many European politicians oppose Muslim headscarves as well as Islamic instruction in public schools; the real source of “failed integration” lies not with the religiosity of young Muslims but rather with an arcane definition of “state neutrality” that sustains the dominance of some religions at the expense of others. Focusing on Germany, this study reviews educational statistics pertaining to youth of migrant origin, showing that conflicts over Islamic instruction mirror deeper patterns of minority discrimination. It outlines the legal hurdles new faith communities must overcome to secure recognition as “corporate entities under public law” (Körperschaftsstatus), entitling them to accredited teacher training, tax-funded salaries, construction subsidies, and other institutional privileges. It describes divergent curricular models utilized by the Länder, followed by a closer look at Islamic instruction in Berlin, where a court ruling compelled authorities to take a pro-active approach. It concludes with a review of dilemmas inherent in Germany's approach to “value education” against the backdrop of the new European Union anti-discrimination directives.Show me any mischief produced by the madness or wickedness of theologians, and I will show you a hundred resulting from the ambition and villany of conquerors and statesmen. Show me an absurdity in religion, and I will undertake to show you a hundred for one in political laws and institutionsEdmund Burke, 1756
Development of aerobic fitness of individuals with substance abuse/dependence following long‐term individual physical activity
Authors: Mamen Asgeir , Martinsen Egil W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThirty‐three individuals with substance abuse who completed a training programme 7.5 months (s=4.1) in duration were evaluated on development of aerobic power and performance on a lactate profile test using directly measured VO2max and measurement of blood lactate concentration. The group improved moderately on aerobic power (4%, s x =2, P=0.020) and on performance at the lactate threshold (running: 7%, s x =3, P=0.03; cycling: 13%, s x =5, P=0.03). The low improvement rate compared with other studies may be attributed to the use of directly measured VO2max, as indirect tests used in previous studies are prone to exaggerate the improvement. Those individuals whose aerobic fitness improved performed more of the training above threshold heart rate than those who did not improve (P=0.006), although the amount of training during the programme (315 h, s x =97 vs. 279 h, s x =89; P=0.30) did not differ significantly. The programme is the first to show that direct testing of fitness using maximal tests is feasible for this patient group. The programme is also pioneering in the use of training partners to help patients with substance abuse and dependence conduct large amounts of training.
The influence of stretcher height on posture in ergometer rowing
Authors: Caplan Nicholas , Gardner Trevor 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to determine the effect on rower posture of raising the stretchers. Nine male university rowers completed a single 30‐s trial at each of three stretcher heights on an ergometer, at 30 strokes min−1. The first ten strokes with complete data were averaged and data for four time points during the stroke extracted: catch, mid‐drive, finish, and mid‐recovery. Ankle angle was shown to increase significantly at all points during the stroke (P<0.01) as the stretchers were raised. Knee angle was only significantly increased into a more extended posture at mid‐drive (P<0.05) and mid‐recovery (P<0.01) for the higher stretcher positions, hip angle was significantly reduced into a more flexed posture at the catch (P<0.05) and at mid‐recovery (P<0.05), and the trunk was significantly extended at the catch (P<0.01), finish (P<0.01), and mid‐recovery (P<0.05) as the stretchers were raised. Our results show that the increase in stretcher height caused the rower's body to rotate posteriorly in the sagittal plane. This we suggest reduced the vertical component of stretcher force, thus achieving a more mechanically effective position, which could have led to the slower rate of fatigue reported previously for the two raised stretcher positions (Caplan & Gardner, 2005). The increased flexion of the hip should not be ignored, however, as this may lead to overstretching of the hip extensors if the stretchers are raised too high. Further research is required to determine the extent to which the stretchers can be raised in on‐water rowing.