bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIN 18008 – Teil 1 und Teil 2 – Was ändert sich gegenüber der TRLV?
Authors: Kasper Ruth , Pieplow Kirsten 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDie bauaufsichtliche Einführung der ersten beiden Normteile der Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsregeln für Glas im Bauwesen steht kurz bevor. Für den Anwender bedeutet dies, dass bald für Glasbauteile die wesentlich aufwendigeren Nachweise entsprechend dem Teilsicherheitskonzept zu führen sind. Insbesondere für Mehrscheiben‐Isolierverglasungen aus Floatglas erhöht sich der Mehraufwand, da die Einwirkungen mit unterschiedlichen Wirkungsdauern belegt sind und auf der Widerstandsseite in Form einer lasteinwirkungsdauerabhängigen Biegezugfestigkeit Berücksichtigung finden. Dieses Nachweiskonzept wird der Materialeigenschaft von Glas gerecht, jedoch erhöht sich auch der Rechenaufwand. An Beispielen werden die wesentlichen Änderungen verdeutlicht.What changes with respect to TRLV? The implementation of the first two parts of the design and construction regulations for glass in structural engineering by the responsible building authorities is imminent. For the user this implies that for glass components soon much more time consuming structural design calculations according to the partial safety concept have to be carried out. Especially for multi‐layered insulating float glass this leads to an increasing effort, because the loads are assigned to different duration which are taken into account on the resistance side in the form of a load duration dependent tensile strength.This structural design calculation approach satisfies the material properties of glass but also increases the computational effort. By means of examples the major changes in the new design and construction regulations are illustrated.
Zwei Verfahren zum rechnerischen Nachweis der dynamischen Beanspruchung von Verglasungen durch weichen Stoß
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Reich Stefan , Krampe Philipp 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIm Entwurf der DIN 18008‐4 wird ein Berechnungsverfahren für eine dynamisch‐transiente Berechnung von durch weichen Stoß beanspruchten Glasscheiben vorgeschlagen, welches in Teil 1 dieser Veröffentlichung grundlegend erläutert wird. Mit Hilfe universell einsetzbarer FE‐Bausoftware wird dieser Vorschlag auf seine praktische Umsetzbarkeit überprüft. Dies umfasst die Modellierung von Verglasungssituationen zur Verifizierung des Modells anhand berechneter Beschleunigungen des Doppelreifenpendels und den in der Verglasung entstehenden Zeit‐Hauptzugspannungs‐ Verläufen. Die Einflüsse der Modelldetaillierung auf die berechneten Hauptzugspannungen und Beschleunigungen werden dargelegt. Ein ausgewähltes Scheibenformat wird durch experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen mit den Lösungen des Bemessungsvorschlages für weichen Stoß verglichen.Two mechanical design concepts for simulating the soft body impact at glazings – Part 2: Numerical comparison and experimental verification. The draft of DIN 18808‐4 contains a novel design concept of a dynamic calculation for a glazing against soft impact. Part 1 of this contribution explains the ideas of the concept. By means of universally applicable FE structural analysis software this recommendation is verified for its practical handling. This includes the modelling of the glazing for verification by means of calculated pendulum accelerations and the principle tensile stresses in the glazing. The influence of the detailing of the FE‐model on calculated principle tensile stresses and pendulum accelerations is explained. The calculated results are compared to experimental results obtained on a single glazing.
FKG Fachverband Konstruktiver Glasbau – Arbeitskreis Kantenfestigkeit
Authors: Ensslen Frank 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDer Arbeitskreis Kantenfestigkeit beim Fachverband Konstruktiver Glasbau e.V. wurde im Oktober 2009 gegründet und setzt sich aus Vertretern von Universitäten, Prüfstellen, Glasveredlern und Ingenieurbüros zusammen. Er hat sich zur Aufgabe gesetzt, die Kantenfestigkeit bzw. Kantenqualität in Abhängigkeit von der Kantenbearbeitungsart zuerst experimentell und im späteren Projektverlauf numerisch zu untersuchen. Ein Ziel ist die Formulierung eines Empfehlungspapiers für die zweckmäßigste Kantenausführung in Abhängigkeit von der Scheibenanwendung bzw. Kantenbeanspruchung.
Concise Review: Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models for Cardiac and Hepatic Toxicity Assessment
Authors: Sartipy Peter , Björquist Petter 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Considering the costs associated with drug development, there are billions of dollars to be saved by reducing late-stage attrition in the pharmaceutical industries. Reports on the use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and their functional derivatives in applications for safety assessment of drugs have begun to appear in the scientific literature. These reports are encouraging and fuel further developments of improved human cellular models that may increase the clinical relevance and reduce the need of experimental animals in preclinical drug discovery. However, a few factors still limit the general and wide-spread industry implementation of these new stem cell-based models, including cost of manufacture, level of functionality of the differentiated cells, assay validation, verification of human relevance, and benchmarking to conventional models. This review discusses the emerging field of hPSC-based models for drug discovery and development with a focus on cardiac and hepatic toxicity testing and how these approaches may improve current applications used in the pharmaceutical industry. Although much research remains to make hPSC-based models mainstream tools in the industry, importantly, this review highlights currently available opportunities. In addition, a forward looking discussion on novel applications using tissue preparations generated from hPSCs illustrates the opportunities to create complex models in vitro with the aim of simulating the systemic response of a drug in vivo.
Influence of fetal and parental factors on intrauterine growth measurements: results of the EDEN mother–child cohort
Authors: Albouy‐Llaty M. , Thiebaugeorges O. , Goua V. , Magnin G. , Schweitzer M. , Forhan A. , Lelong N. , Slama R. , Charles M. A. , Kaminski M. ,   and the ‘EDEN Mother–Child Cohort Study Group’
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveIn small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates, parental and fetal characteristics can be used to distinguish between constitutionally small size and growth restriction, which is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to quantify relationships of parental and fetal characteristics with fetal ultrasound measurements.MethodsThe EDEN mother–child cohort included 2002 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies attending one of two university hospitals. Data from two routine ultrasound examinations for fetal biometry were recorded, at 20–25 and 30–35 weeks of gestation. Biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL), abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were studied as a function of prepregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal height, paternal height, fetal sex and gestational age.ResultsData were obtained at the first scan from 1833 women and at the second scan from 1752 women. Parental anthropometric characteristics were significantly associated with ultrasound measurements at both scans. Maternal BMI was more strongly associated with AC and EFW, whereas both maternal and paternal height were more strongly associated with FL. An association was also found between fetal sex and all ultrasound measurements other than FL.ConclusionMaternal and paternal anthropometric characteristics are significantly associated with ultrasound measurements in mid to late pregnancy. These relationships provide support for the use of these characteristics in ultrasound fetal size reference charts. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cadmium(II) Complexes with Mixed cis‐Epoxysuccinate and 2,2′‐Bipyridyl‐Like Ligands: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Liu Chun‐Sen , Wang Cong , Hu Min , Fang Shao‐Ming 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo new CdII complexes, [Cd(ces)(phen)]∞ (1) and {[Cd(ces)(bpy)(H2O)](H2O)}2 (2), were prepared by slow solvent evaporation methods from mixtures of cis‐epoxysuccinic acid and Cd(ClO4)2·6H2O in the presence of phen or bpy co‐ligand (ces = cis‐epoxysuccinate, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, and bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses show that complex 1 has a one‐dimensional (1D) helical chain that is further assembled into a two‐dimensional (2D) sheet, and then an overall three‐dimensional (3D) network by the interchain C–H···O hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 features a dinuclear structure, which is further interlinked into a 3D supramolecular network by the co‐effects of intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···π hydrogen bonds as well as π···π stacking interactions. The structural differences between 1 and 2 are attributable to the intervention of different 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐like co‐ligands. Moreover, 1 and 2 exhibit intense solid‐state luminescence at room temperature, which mainly originates from the intraligand π→π* transitions of aromatic co‐ligands.
Functionalised Silver Chalcogenide Clusters
Authors: Langer Robert , Breitung Ben , Wünsche Linda , Fenske Dieter , Fuhr Olaf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEight new silver chalcogenide clusters with different functional groups in the ligand shell were synthesised and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The optical properties of the isostructural clusters [Ag6(S‐C6H4‐CN)6(PPh3)6] (1) and [Ag6(S‐C6H4‐NO2)6(PPh3)6] (2) are described and compared. In addition, the reactivity of 1 towards metal salts and Lewis acids was investigated, which led to the compounds [Ag6(S‐C6H4‐CN)6(PPh3)5] (3) and [Ag14S(S‐C6H4‐CN)12(PPh3)8][FeCl2(thf)4]3 (4). The sulfur‐functionalised cluster [Ag14S(S‐C6H4‐NCS)12(PPh3)8] (5) has prospects for further reactions and for the immobilisation on gold surfaces. The reactions of silver carboxylates with O,S‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐4‐hydroxythiophenol and bis(trimethylsilyl) chalcogenides in the presence of tertiary phosphanes lead to the formation of the clusters [Ag23S2(S‐C6H4‐OSiMe3)15(S‐C6H4‐OH)3(PPh3)8] (6) and [Ag40Se4(S‐C6H4‐OSiMe3)32(PPh3)8] (7). Compound 6 can be regarded as a dimer of the described Ag14‐clusters in 4 and 5, whereas the inorganic core of cluster 7 has an unusual curved structural motif. The reaction of AgOAc with 4‐hydroxothiophenol in the presence of triethylphosphane leads to the assembly of a three dimensional network of [Ag8(S‐C6H4‐OH)6(PEt3)8](OAc)2 (8) in the crystal structure. A solution of 8 was investigated by ESI mass spectrometry, which resulted in the detection of a series of polynuclear silver thiolates with the general composition [Agn(S‐C6H4‐OH)n–1(PEt3)2]+.
Dimensions of Support Among Abused Women in the Workplace
Authors: Yragui Nanette L. , Mankowski Eric S. , Perrin Nancy A. , Glass Nancy E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe authors draw on social support theory to examine supervisor support match (support wanted and received), support mismatch (support not wanted and received) and work outcomes for abused low‐wage working women, and to determine if supervisor support match and mismatch are more strongly associated with work outcomes than global supervisor support Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with a community sample of abused, employed women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in the past year (N = 163). Using hierarchical regression, we found, after accounting for global supervisor support; a higher level of supervisor support match was associated with greater job satisfaction, fewer job reprimands and less job termination. Findings from the study inform theories of social support and have practical implications for workplace interventions for IPV.
Gaucher disease: when molecular testing and clinical presentation disagree ‐the novel c.1226A>G(p.N370S)‐‐RecNcil allele
Authors: Balwani Manisha , Grace Marie E. , Desnick Robert J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report a 31 year old woman who had prenatal carrier screening for Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) genetic diseases and was found to have two acid ß‐glucosidase (GBA) mutations, c.1226A>G(p.N370S) and c.1448T>C(p.L444P), consistent with the diagnosis of Type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1). This genotype typically manifests in late‐adolescence with hepatosplenomegaly and early‐onset bone involvement. The Proband had a normal physical examination, no organomegaly, and normal blood counts, skeletal survey, and bone density. Leukocyte acid ß‐glucosidase and plasma chitotriosidase activities were normal. To investigate these unexpected results, her GBA alleles were RT‐PCR amplified and sequenced. Five RT‐PCR clones were negative for both mutations, while five clones had the c.1226A>G(p.N370S) and c.1448T>C(p.L444P) mutations, along with c.1483G>C(p.A456P), and c.1497G>C(p.V460V) mutations, the latter three lesions composing the rare GBA pseudogene‐derived RecNcil allele. Genetic testing misdiagnosed the asymptomatic Proband as affected with Type 1 Gaucher disease; however, molecular studies revealed a novel allele with the two common GBA mutations on the RecNcil background. This allele presumably arose by crossing‐over between a c.1226A>G allele and the pseudogene, gene conversion, or a new c.1226A>G mutation on the RecNcil background. This novel complex allele highlights a limitation of carrier screening for GD.
Transferrin mutations at the glycosylation site complicate diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation type I
Authors: Guillard Mailys , Wada Yoshinao , Hansikova Hana , Yuasa Isao , Vesela Katerina , Ondruskova Nina , Kadoya Machiko , Janssen Alice , Van den Heuvel Lambertus P. W. J. , Morava Eva , Zeman Jiri , Wevers Ron A. , Lefeber Dirk J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) form a group of metabolic disorders caused by deficient glycosylation of proteins and/or lipids. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum transferrin is the most common screening method to detect abnormalities of protein N‐glycosylation. On the basis of the IEF profile, patients can be grouped into CDG type I or CDG type II. Several protein variants of transferrin are known that result in a shift in isoelectric point (pI). In some cases, these protein variants co‐migrate with transferrin glycoforms, which complicates interpretation. In two patients with abnormal serum transferrin IEF profiles, neuraminidase digestion and subsequent IEF showed profiles suggestive of the diagnosis of CDG type I. Mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides of immunopurified transferrin, however, revealed a novel mutation at the N‐glycan attachment site. In case 1, a peptide with mutation p.Asn630Thr in the 2nd glycosylation site was identified, resulting in an additional band at disialotransferrin position on IEF. After neuraminidase digestion, a single band was found at the asialotransferrin position, indistinguishable from CDG type I patients. In case 2, a peptide with mutation p.Asn432His was found. These results show the use of mass spectrometry of transferrin peptides in the diagnostic track of CDG type I.
Clifford modules and invariants of quadratic forms
Authors: Karoubi Max , Serre Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe construct new invariants of quadratic forms over commutative rings, using ideas from Topology. More precisely, we define a hermitian analog of the Bott class with target algebraic K-theory, based on the classification of Clifford modules. These invariants of quadratic forms go beyond the classical invariants defined via the Clifford algebra. An appendix by J.-P. Serre, of independent interest, describes the “square root” of the Bott class in the general framework of lambda rings.
Prevention and reversal of diet-induced leptin resistance with a sugar-free diet despite high fat content
Authors: Shapiro Alexandra , Tümer Nihal , Gao Yongxin , Cheng Kit-Yan , Scarpace Philip J. 
Published: March 2011

Chronic consumption of a Western-type diet, containing both elevated sugar and fat, results in leptin resistance. We hypothesised that fructose, as part of the sugar component of Western-type diets, is one causative ingredient in the development of leptin resistance and that removal of this component will prevent leptin resistance despite high fat (HF) content. We fed rats a sugar-free (SF), 30 % HF (SF/HF) diet or a 40 % high-fructose (HFr), 30 % HF (HFr/HF) diet for 134 d. The HFr/HF diet resulted in impaired anorexic and body-weight responses to both peripherally (0·6 mg/kg, assessed on day 65 of the diet) and centrally (1·5 μg/d, assessed on days 129–134) administered leptin, whereas SF/HF-fed rats were fully leptin responsive. At day 70, half the HFr/HF-fed animals were switched to the SF/HF diet, reversing the leptin resistance (assessed 18 d after the diet switch). The HFr/HF diet elevated serum leptin and reduced adiponectin, and levels were restored abruptly at day 3 after switching to the SF/HF diet. These data demonstrate that a diet containing both HFr and fat leads to leptin resistance, while an isoenergetic SF/HF diet does not. Moreover, removal of fructose from this diet reverses the leptin resistance and the elevated leptin, suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship. These data suggest that fructose is the bioactive component of a HF/high-sugar diet that is essential for the induction of leptin resistance.
Making scents of behavioural genetics: lessons fromDrosophila
Authors: ANHOLT ROBERT R. H. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe expression of behaviours is influenced by many segregating genes. Behaviours are, therefore, complex traits. They have, however, unique characteristics that set them apart from physiological and morphological quantitative traits. First, behaviours are the ultimate expression of the nervous system. This means that understanding the genetic underpinnings of behaviours requires a neurobiological context, i.e. an understanding of the genes–brain–behaviour axis. In other words, how do ensembles of genes empower specific neural circuits to drive behaviours? Second, behaviours represent the interface between an organism and its environment. Thus, environmental effects are likely to make substantial contributions to determining behavioural outputs and genotype-by-environment interactions are expected to be prominent. It is important to differentiate between genes that contribute to the manifestation of the behavioural phenotype and genes that contribute to phenotypic variation in behaviour. The former are identified by classical mutagenesis experiments, whereas the latter can be detected through quantitative genetic approaches. Genes that contribute to phenotypic variation in behaviour harbour polymorphisms that provide the substrates for evolution. This review focuses on olfactory behaviour inDrosophilawith the goal to illustrate how fundamental insights derived from studies on chemosensation can be applied to a wide range of behavioural phenotypes.
From Galton to GWAS: quantitative genetics of human height
Authors: VISSCHER PETER M. , McEVOY BRIAN , YANG JIAN 
Published: March 2011

SummaryHeight has been studied in human genetics since the late 1800s. We review what we have learned about the genetic architecture of this trait from the resemblance between relatives and from genetic marker data. All empirical evidence points towards height being highly polygenic, with many loci contributing to variation in the population and most effect sizes appear to be small. Nevertheless, combining new genetic and genomic technologies with phenotypic measures on height on large samples facilitates new answers to old questions, including the basis of assortative mating in humans, estimation of non-additive genetic variation and partitioning between-cohort phenotypic differences into genetic and non-genetic underlying causes.
Caenorhabditis elegansas a platform for molecular quantitative genetics and the systems biology of natural variation
Authors: GAERTNER BRYN E. , PHILLIPS PATRICK C. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryOver the past 30 years, the characteristics that have made the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansone of the premier animal model systems have also allowed it to emerge as a powerful model system for determining the genetic basis of quantitative traits, particularly for the identification of naturally segregating and/or lab-adapted alleles with large phenotypic effects. To better understand the genetic underpinnings of natural variation in other complex phenotypes,C. elegansis uniquely poised in the emerging field of quantitative systems biology because of the extensive knowledge of cellular and neural bases to such traits. However, perturbations in standing genetic variation and patterns of linkage disequilibrium among loci are likely to limit our ability to tie understanding of molecular function to a broader evolutionary context. Coupling the experimental strengths of theC. eleganssystem with the ecological advantages of closely related nematodes should provide a powerful means of understanding both the molecular and evolutionary genetics of quantitative traits.
SOCIOECONOMIC, DEMOGRAPHIC AND LEGAL INFLUENCES ON CONSANGUINITY AND KINSHIP IN NORTHERN COASTAL SWEDEN 1780–1899
Authors: EGERBLADH I. , BITTLES A. H. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryMost studies on consanguinity have been conducted on contemporary populations and have focused on the prevalence and types of preferred intra-familial marriage. With its comprehensive birth, marriage and deaths records dating back to the late 17th century, and the legal bar on first cousin marriage removed in the mid-19th century, Sweden offers unique opportunities to examine the factors that determine by whom, where and why consanguineous marriages were contracted. The present study covers the period 1780–1899 and presents a detailed portrait of cousin and sibling exchange marriages in the Skellefteå region of northern coastal Sweden. The combined prevalence of first, second and third cousin marriage increased from 2.3% in 1790–1810 to 8.8% in 1880–1899, and multi-generation consanguinity also increased significantly over the study period. The distribution and prevalence of first cousin marriages was strikingly non-random, with a significantly greater propensity for consanguinity among land-owning families, especially involving first-born sons, within specific pedigrees, and in a number of more remote inland communities. Additional factors associated with a greater likelihood of consanguineous marriage included physical or mental disability among males, and among females the prior birth of an illegitimate child. Besides the inherent interest in the social and demographic structure of this region of northern Sweden during the course of the 19th century, in future studies it will be important to determine the degree to which the observed patterns of consanguineous and sibling exchange marriages in these past generations could have influenced present-day genetic structure.