bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disjunctivism, hallucinations, and metacognition
Authors: Jérôme Dokic , Jean‐Rémy Martin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPerceptual experiences have been construed either as representational mental states—Representationalism—or as direct mental relations to the external world—Disjunctivism. Both conceptions are critical reactions to the so‐called ‘Argument from Hallucination’, according to which perceptions cannot be about the external world, since they are subjectively indiscriminable from other, hallucinatory experiences, which are about sense‐data or mind‐dependent entities. Representationalism agrees that perceptions and hallucinations share their most specific mental kind, but accounts for hallucinations asmisrepresentations of the external world. According to Disjunctivism, the phenomenal character of perceptions is exhausted by worldly objects and features, and thus must be different from the phenomenal character of hallucinations. Disjunctivism claims that subjective indiscriminability is not the result of a common experiential ground, but is because of our inability to discriminate, from the inside, hallucinations from perceptions. At first sight, Representationalism is more congenial to the way cognitive science deals with perception. However, empirically oriented revisions of Disjunctivism could be developed and tested by giving a metacognitive account of hallucinations. Two versions of this account can be formulated, depending on whether metacognition is understood as explicit metarepresentation or as implicit monitoring of first‐order informational states. The first version faces serious objections, but the second is more promising, as it embodies a more realistic view of perceptual phenomenology as having both sensory and affective aspects. Affect‐based phenomenology is constituted by various metacognitive feelings, such as the feeling of being perceptually confronted with the world itself, rather than with pictures or mere representations.WIREs Cogn Sci2012 doi: 10.1002/wcs.1190This article is categorized under:Philosophy > Consciousness
A vortex panel model for the simulation of the wake flow past a vertical axis wind turbine in dynamic stall
Authors: Zanon Alessandro , Giannattasio Pietro , Simão Ferreira Carlos J. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA 2D vortex panel model with a viscous boundary layer formulation has been developed for the numerical simulation of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), including the operation in dynamic stall. The model uses the ‘double wake’ concept to reproduce the main features of the unsteady separated flow, including the formation and shedding of strong vortical structures and the wake–blade interaction. The potential flow equations are solved together with the integral boundary layer equations by using a semi‐inverse iterative algorithm. A new criterion for the reattachment of the boundary layer during the downstroke of a dynamically stalled aerofoil is implemented. The model has been validated against experimental data of steady aerofoils and pitching aerofoils in dynamic stall at high and low Reynolds numbers (Re = 1.5 × 106 and Re = 5 × 104). For the low Reynolds number case, time‐resolved 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements have been performed on a pitching NACA 0012 aerofoil in dynamic stall. The PIV vorticity fields past the oscillating aerofoil are used to test the model capability of capturing the formation, growth and release of the strong leading edge vortex that characterizes the dynamic stall. Furthermore, the forces extracted from the PIV velocity fields are compared with the predicted ones for a quantitative validation of the model. Finally, the model is applied to the computation of the wake flow past a VAWT in dynamic stall; the predicted vorticity fields and forces are in good agreement with phase‐locked PIV data and CFD‐DES available in the literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspectives on the ARE as it turns 25 years old
Authors: Beisang Daniel , Bohjanen Paul R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe AU‐rich element (ARE) was discovered in 1986 as a conserved mRNA sequence found in the 3′ untranslated region of the TNF‐α transcript and other transcripts encoding cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Shortly thereafter, the ARE was shown to function as a regulator of mRNA degradation, and AREs were later shown to regulate other posttranscriptional mechanisms such as translation and mRNA localization. AREs coordinately regulate networks of chemokine, cytokine, and growth regulatory transcripts involved in cellular activation, proliferation, and inflammation. ARE‐mediated regulation is carried out by a host of ARE‐binding proteins, whose activity is regulated in a cell type and activation‐dependent manner. The last 25 years of ARE research has offered insight into the mechanisms and regulation of ARE‐mediated mRNA decay, and has provided a road map for the discovery of additional mRNA regulatory motifs. The future of ARE research will transition from a discovery phase to a phase focused on translating basic biological findings into novel therapeutic targets. Our understanding of ARE‐mediated gene regulation and posttranscriptional control has implications for many fields of study including developmental biology, neuroscience, immunobiology, and cancer biology. WIREs RNA 2012 doi: 10.1002/wrna.1125This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Classical Galactosaemia in Ireland: incidence, complications and outcomes of treatment
Authors: Coss K. P. , Doran P. P. , Owoeye C. , Codd M. B. , Hamid N. , Mayne P. D. , Crushell E. , Knerr I. , Monavari A. A. , Treacy E. P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNewborn screening for the inborn error of metabolism, classical galactosaemia prevents life‐threatening complications in the neonatal period. It does not however influence the development of long‐term complications and the complex pathophysiology of this rare disease remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to report the development of a healthcare database (using Distiller Version 2.1) to review the epidemiology of classical galactosaemia in Ireland since initiation of newborn screening in 1972 and the long‐term clinical outcomes of all patients attending the National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (NCIMD). Since 1982, the average live birth incidence rate of classical galactosaemia in the total Irish population was approximately 1:16,476 births. This reflects a high incidence in the Irish ‘Traveller’ population, with an estimated birth incidence of 1:33,917 in the non‐Traveller Irish population. Despite early initiation of treatment (dietary galactose restriction), the long‐term outcomes of classical galactosaemia in the Irish patient population are poor; 30.6 % of patients ≥6 yrs have IQs <70, 49.6 % of patients ≥2.5 yrs have speech or language impairments and 91.2 % of females ≥13 yrs suffer from hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH) possibly leading to decreased fertility. These findings are consistent with the international experience. This emphasizes the requirement for continued clinical research in this complex disorder.
Micromechanical assessment of an internal stability criterion
Authors: Shire T. , O’Sullivan C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe internal stability of a soil is a measure of its susceptibility to suffusion and suffosion, two forms of internal erosion. The internal stability of granular filters must be carefully considered when designing new embankment dams and assessing the risk associated with existing embankment dams. Current guidelines for assessing the internal stability of such filters were empirically derived from macroscale observations and consider the shape of the particle-size distribution curve. These guidelines lack a fundamental, scientific micromechanical basis. The initiation and propagation of internal erosion is clearly a particle-scale phenomenon, and this paper applies particulate mechanics to provide a micromechanical justification for one currently used stability criterion. The study used discrete element simulations of idealised virtual soil samples that had various degrees of internal stability when assessed using the criterion proposed by Kézdi [10]. The internal topologies of stable and unstable samples were analysed by considering the distributions of inter-particle contact forces, the number of particle–particle contacts and the average particle stresses. Clear correlations are observed between the filter stability criterion and the average number of contacts per particle and the probability that a given particle participates in stress transmission. The phenomenon of a critical fines content, at which the existing guidelines are no longer considered to be valid, is also considered.
Birth-related femoral fracture in newborns: Risk factors and management
Authors: Kancherla Ramprasad , Sankineani Sukesh Rao , Naranje Sameer , Rijal Laxman , Kumar Ramakant , Ansari Tahir , Trikha Vivek 
Published: June 2012

Purpose Femoral shaft fracture following birth in newborns is a very rare injury. However, the risk factors for, mechanism of and management of these injuries remain a matter of debate. We describe our observations in a tertiary centre. Methods Ten cases of femoral shaft fracture encountered during a study period from January 2005 to December 2009 were evaluated. The demographic details, risk factors during birth, systemic illness, mode of delivery, type of fracture and management used were documented, and an analysis was performed. Results Mean gestational age was 37.2 weeks. Mean time to diagnose was 4 days. Two patients had subtrochanteric fracture, and eight patients had mid-shaft fracture. Most patients had breech presentation and had been born by Caesarean section. All patients showed complete union at the end of 4 weeks. No residual angulation or limb length discrepancy was noted after mean follow-up of 5 years. Conclusions Thorough clinical examination and proper orthopaedic consult in the event of doubtful presentation help in early diagnosis and management. These fractures have good prognosis at long-term follow-up.
Childhood Circumstances and the Intergenerational Transmission of Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Carvalho Leandro 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
A large literature has documented the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status (SES). However, the mechanisms by which SES transmits across generations are still little understood. This article investigates whether characteristics determined in childhood play an important role in the intergenerational transmission. Using data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, I document the extent to which childhood human capital accounts for the intergenerational SES correlation. My results imply that childhood health and nutrition, cognitive and noncognitive abilities, and early schooling account for between one-third and one-half of the relationship between parents’ SES and their offspring’s SES.
Surgical Risk Factors in Geriatric Perioperative Patients
Authors: Bashaw Marie , Scott Dana N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe geriatric population is growing in number, and risk factors commonly seen in this population of patients can seriously affect the outcomes of surgical interventions. Identification of surgical risk factors (eg, hearing and vision loss, inadequate nutrition, preexisting conditions) and early intervention by the perioperative nurse to plan for, correct, or accommodate physical limitations often can minimize or eliminate problems and potential complications.
Is It Time for Family Presence During Resuscitation in the OR?
Authors: Balogh‐Mitchell Cathy 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFamily presence during resuscitation (FPDR) is a growing trend in many areas of health care facilities, and it may be time to consider allowing FPDR in the OR as well. Health care providers cite concerns against FPDR, however, including psychological trauma of family members, medical litigation, performance anxiety of staff members affecting performance quality, team member distractions, problems maintaining sterility, and questions regarding a patient's right to FPDR. The circulating nurse may be an appropriate person to advocate for the patient's wishes to allow family members access to the OR during resuscitation efforts. Two hospitals in Spokane, Washington, have implemented a hospital‐wide FPDR policy, allowing family presence in the emergency department, trauma rooms, labor and delivery rooms, and on patient care floors. Committee members developed guidelines for FPDR in the OR, educated hospital staff members, and presented the concept of FPDR to surgery executive committee members.
Parental Presence During Pediatric Anesthesia Induction
Authors: Scully Susan M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractChildren undergoing a surgical intervention may experience anxiety before anesthesia induction. This article reviews six research studies that examined the efficacy of parental presence during the induction of anesthesia. Study researchers compared the premedication midazolam, behavioral distraction, and parental presence as measures to lessen anxiety during anesthesia induction. The reviewed articles indicate that parental presence alone is the least effective means of decreasing a child's anxiety during the induction of anesthesia.
Case Study: Family Presence in the OR for Donation After Cardiac Death
Authors: Reed Charles C. , Gerhardt Susan D. , Shaver Karen , Koebcke Marsha , Mullins Darla 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOrgan donation after cardiac death is an ethical and acceptable practice of providing organs for transplantation. Organ recovery, the removal of life support, and patient death occur in the OR, and, because family members are not present, some feel that they have abandoned their loved one. This article reports a case study of a young woman brought to a level I trauma center with nonsurvivable injuries from a motor vehicle accident. When clinical examinations revealed no hope of recovery, the family agreed to organ donation if the mother could be present in the OR when life support was terminated. Family member presence during organ donation may provide a sense that some good has come of a personal tragedy. Although family requests may be unsettling, advocating for the patient and family is part of the nurse's role.
The Maternal and Newborn Health Registry Study of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research
Authors: Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Carlo Waldemar A. , McClure Elizabeth M. , Pasha Omrana , Patel Archana , Esamai Fabian , Chomba Elwyn , Garces Ana , Althabe Fernando , Kodkany Bhalachandra , Sami Neelofar , Derman Richard J. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Liechty Edward A. , Krebs Nancy F. , Hambidge K. Michael , Buekens Pierre , Moore Janet , Wallace Dennis , Jobe Alan H. , Koso‐Thomas Marion , Wright Linda L. , Goldenberg Robert L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo implement a vital statistics registry system to register pregnant women and document birth outcomes in the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research sites in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.MethodsThe Global Network sites began a prospective population‐based pregnancy registry to identify all pregnant women and record pregnancy outcomes up to 42 days post‐delivery in more than 100 defined low‐resource geographic areas (clusters). Pregnant women were registered during pregnancy, with 42‐day maternal and neonatal follow‐up recorded—including care received during the pregnancy and postpartum periods. Recorded outcomes included stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and maternal mortality rates.ResultsIn 2010, 72 848 pregnant women were enrolled and 6‐week follow‐up was obtained for 97.8%. Across sites, 40.7%, 24.8%, and 34.5% of births occurred in a hospital, health center, and home setting, respectively. The mean neonatal mortality rate was 23 per 1000 live births, ranging from 8.2 to 48.5 per 1000 live births. The mean stillbirth rate ranged from 13.7 to 54.4 per 1000 births.ConclusionThe registry is an ongoing study to assess the impact of interventions and trends regarding pregnancy outcomes and measures of care to inform public health.ClinicalTrial.gov Trial Registration: NCT01073475
Using partial least squares in operations management research: A practical guideline and summary of past research
Authors: Peng David Xiaosong , Lai Fujun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe partial least squares (PLS) approach to structural equation modeling (SEM) has been widely adopted in business research fields such as information systems, consumer behavior, and marketing. The use of PLS in the field of operations management is also growing. However, questions still exist among some operations management researchers regarding whether and how PLS should be used. To address these questions, our study provides a practical guideline for using PLS and uses examples from the operations management literature to demonstrate how the specific points in this guideline can be applied. In addition, our study reviews and summarizes the use of PLS in the recent operations management literature according to our guideline. The main contribution of this study is to present a practical guideline for evaluating and using PLS that is tailored to the operations management field.
Exploring the differences between Jin Di’s translation theory and Eugene A. Nida’s translation theory
Authors: Ma Hui-juan 
Published: June 2012

Some translation scholars hold that Jin Di’s theory of equivalent effect and Nida’s theory of dynamic equivalence are essentially same because Jin has basically adopted the definition of Nida’s dynamic equivalence in formulating his own translation theory. However, this paper reveals that there are some fundamental differences between the two theories in three aspects:
(1) Nida’s theory is reader-oriented while Jin’s is text-oriented;
(2) Nida’s theory is flexible while Jin’s tends to be inflexible; and
(3) Jin’s theory is an ideal one in the sense that it cannot be realized in translation practice whereas Nida’s theory is a realistic one.
Examples from Jin’s Chinese version of James Joyce’s Ulysses and Bible translations are given to illustrate these differences between Nida’s theory and Jin’s theory.
This paper further explores the two major reasons that lead to such discrepancies: (1) the deficiency of Nida’s theory in dealing with transference of aesthetic elements for literary translation; (2) the influence of traditional Chinese translation theories upon Jin’s translation principle. Although Nida’s theory is not restricted to Bible translation, it has some limitations in guiding literary translation because it fails to address the transference of aesthetic elements for literary translation. When Jin translated Joyce’s Ulysses, he had to face the problem of aesthetic transference of literary works. This is the reason why Jin eventually turns to traditional Chinese translation theory and classic literary criticism to seek for support for his translation theory of equivalent effect.
L'implicite culturel dans la traduction
Authors: Bariki Ozidi 
Published: June 2012

Implied meaning is not an inherent part of translation, but it is important all the same as no one says everything while speaking. Implied messages are often perceived through shared experiences. To decode and encode an implied cultural meaning calls for a thorough understanding of that culture. The translator should be able to distinguish a consciously implied meaning from an unconscious one. In the former, the locutor passes on the message indirectly but is not ready to accept responsibility for the implied meaning. In the second case, the locutor has no intention to deliberately hide his intentions behind the words. However, this can lead to intercultural communication problems.
To my mind, the attitude of a translator to these implied meanings is this: be as faithful as possible to the spirit of the deliberately hidden message, but be more explicit where the implied meaning seems to have been hidden unconsciously. There is however need for caution as the translator cannot be too sure of knowing the attitude of the author all the time.
Translation and sociolinguistics
Authors: Sánchez María T. 
Published: June 2012

Language varies depending not only on the individual speaker but also on the specific situation in which speakers find themselves. This means that the language used in a given social envi­ronment may be perfectly translatable into a different language, but the society to which this other language belongs may not recognise the situation described by the first language.
This ­article presents some examples of cultural values which cannot be translated literally (or which, if translated literally, will convey a message not intended in the original language/culture) and reaches the conclusion that, as a result of all this, there cannot be a simple answer to whether language can translate society. In some cases, it will be perfectly possible; in others, the translator will have to adopt a technique which reflects the society he or she is translating for, rather than the society described in the original text.
Traduction et adaptation des éléments ­culturels dans les textes scientifiques
Authors: Rey Joëlle 
Published: June 2012

The reading of scientific articles reveals that references to non-scientific cultural elements are numerous in this type of texts, particularly in those published in scientific magazines. Indeed, the integration of new knowledge into existing one is only possible if the reader is able to relate new elements to his or her cultural background or daily experiences: comparisons, examples and metaphors play an important role in this process.
Although some of these elements can be automatically transferred when translating into another language, others would hardly be “interpretable” by the reader of the translation, and the translator has to apply mechanisms of adaptation. In this article, my intention is to examine the different mechanisms of adaptation used in a corpus of texts published in American magazines and translated into French, to analyse the characteristics of the segments which have been adapted and to identify the criteria that might guide the translator in his or her choices.
The power of translation
Authors: Lukits Stefan 
Published: June 2012

“The Power of Translation” examines the language phenomenon of translation in the context of power relations and the transcendence of power relations. The thesis of the article can be summarized in point form:
*Translation is a player in the power structure of human relating from which it cannot be extracted and based on an objective and purely translative ground.
*Translation, as much as language itself, is a force which results in separation, not in connection. At the same time, the ‘tools’ (technology, translation, language, eros) which separate us become connective where they retain the capacity of self-subversion and dialogue.
*Subsequent to this dynamic, we discern the colonizing and eschatological plot inherent in translation. Translation is an ‘open’ phenomenon, always engaged in creating structures which are both oppressive and liberating. It is this openness which constitutes the power of translation.