bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welfare reforms and socio-economic trends in the 10 new EU member states of Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Aidukaite Jolanta 
Published: August 2011

The paper reviews recent socio-economic changes in the 10 new EU member states of Central and Eastern Europe and the earlier and latest debates on the emergence of the post-communist welfare state regime. It asks two questions: are the new EU member states more similar to each other in their social problems encountered than to the rest of the EU world? Do they exhibit enough common socio-economic and institutional features to group them into the distinct/unified post-communist welfare regime that deviates from any well-known welfare state typology?
The findings of this paper indicate that despite some slight variation within, the new EU countries exhibit lower indicators compared to the EU-15 as it comes to the minimum wage and social protection expenditure. The degree of material deprivation and the shadow economy is on average also higher if compared to the EU-15 or the EU-27. However, then it comes to at-risk-of-poverty rate after social transfers or Gini index, some Eastern European outliers especially the Check Republic, but also Slovenia, Slovakia and Hungary perform the same or even better than the old capitalist democracies. Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, however, show many similarities in their social indicators and performances and this group of countries never perform better than the EU-15 or the EU-27 averages. Nevertheless, the literature reviews on welfare state development in the CEE region reveal a number of important institutional features in support of identifying the distinct/unified post-communist welfare regime. Most resilient of it are: an insurance-based programs that played a major part in the social protection system; high take-up of social security; relatively low social security benefits; increasing signs of liberalization of social policy; and the experience of the Soviet/Communist type of welfare state, which implies still deeply embedded signs of solidarity and universalism.
Parenteral amino acids v. dextrose infusion: an anabolic strategy to minimise the catabolic response to surgery while maintaining normoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients
Authors: Lugli Andrea Kopp , Donatelli Francesco , Schricker Thomas , Kindler Christoph H. , Wykes Linda , Carli Franco 
Published: August 2011

Loss of body protein and hyperglycaemia represent typical features of the stress response to surgery and anaesthesia. This appears to be particularly pronounced in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The aim of the present study was to highlight the greater benefit of amino acids (AA) as represented by positive protein balance and maintenance of blood glucose homoeostasis compared with dextrose (DEX) in diabetic patients after colorectal surgery. A total of thirteen patients underwent a 5 h stable isotope infusion study (2 h fasted, 3 h fed with an infusion of AA (n 6) or DEX (n 7)) on the second post-operative day. Glucose and protein kinetics were assessed by using the stable isotopes l-[1-13C]leucine and [6,6-2H2]glucose. The transition from fasted to fed state decreased endogenous glucose production (P < 0·001) in both groups, with a more profound effect in the DEX group (P = 0·031). In contrast, total glucose production was increased by the provision of DEX while being lowered by AA (P = 0·021). Feeding decreased protein oxidation (P = 0·009) and protein synthesis in the AA group, whereas DEX infusion did not affect oxidation and even decreased protein synthesis. Therefore, only AA shifted protein balance to a positive value, while patients in the DEX group remained in a catabolic state (P < 0·001). Parenteral nutritional support with AA rather than with DEX is an effective strategy to achieve a positive protein balance while maintaining normoglycaemia in diabetic patients after colorectal surgery.
Use of a heart rate‐to‐ground contact time index to monitor and predict middle‐distance running
Authors: Oliver Jonathan L. , Stembridge Mike 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine if field‐based variables associated with cardiovascular and neuromuscular stress could be used to accurately monitor and predict middle‐distance running. Eleven middle‐distance runners (age 21.3±1.6 years) completed three trials of steady‐state running at 11, 13, and 15 km · h–1, and test performance was compared with competitive performance (personal best times converted to standardized Mericer scores). Oxygen uptake, heart rate (HR), and stride characteristics (ground contact time [Ct], flight time, step length, and step frequency) were monitored during treadmill running with the ratio of HR:1/Ct calculated. Heart rate and stride characteristics were significantly altered (all P<0.05) with increased running speed, while the HR:1/Ct index was unchanged. Stride characteristics, heart rate, and the HR:1/Ct index were reliable measures with no mean bias and low levels of random variation. The HR:1/Ct index was strongly related to competitive performance (r=–0.80 to 0.88, P<0.01). This was primarily attributed to the association between heart rate and Mercier scores (r=–0.81 to 0.87, P<0.01), whereas ground contact time was only moderately related to competitive performance at the fastest running speed (r=–0.60, P<0.05). Simple measures associated with cardiovascular and neuromuscular stress can be reliably monitored in middle‐distance runners. A HR:1/Ct index provides a stable measure at any given submaximal running speed and may provide a useful tool for monitoring and predicting middle‐distance running.
Efficacy of current and novel electromyographic normalization methods for lower limb high‐speed muscle actions
Authors: Ball Nick , Scurr Joanna C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of electromyography (EMG) normalization methods for a high‐speed 20‐m sprint. Comparisons were based on intra‐individual reliability and magnitude of normalized EMG signals from three repeat sessions separated by 1 day (between days) and 1 week (between weeks) from the initial test. Surface EMGs were recorded (n=16) from the medial and lateral gastrocnemius and soleus during the normalization methods (isometric: maximum/sub‐maximum/body weight; isotonic: maximum/sub‐maximum/body weight; isokinetic: 1.05 rad · s–1, 1.31 rad · s–1, 1.83 rad · s–1; squat jump). The EMG data from the 20‐m sprint were normalized using each method and using the within‐sprint peak EMG (sprint peak). Intra‐individual reliability of the EMG was assessed using typical error of measurement as a percentage of intra‐individual coefficient of variance (TEMCV%). Sprint peak normalization improved intra‐individual reliability of EMG (soleus: <4.91CV%; medial gastrocnemius: <6.2CV%; lateral gastrocnemius: <7.1CV%) compared with un‐normalized EMG (soleus: <13.3CV%; medial gastrocnemius: <16.5CV%; lateral gastrocnemius: <16.3CV%) both between days and between weeks. Squat jump normalization improved the soleus (<11.2CV%) and medial gastrocnemius (<15.7CV%) reliability between days and weeks and provided a representative measure of triceps surae muscle activation. The intra‐individual reliability of the medial gastrocnemius EMG data was improved both between days and weeks when using isotonic normalization. Isometric and isokinetic normalization showed no improvement in intra‐individual reliability either between days or weeks for any muscle. The method of normalization influenced the between‐stride muscle interaction during the 20‐m sprint. The results of this study suggest that peak normalization can be used to normalize high‐speed muscle actions, while normalizing EMG to a squat jump may provide an alternative method to represent relative muscle activation.
Human versus virtual robotics soccer: A technical analysis
Authors: Abreu Pedro , Moreira João , Costa Israel , Castelão Daniel , Reis Luis , Garganta Júlio 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSoccer is a team sport in which the performances of all team members are important for the outcome of a match. Even though the analysis of game events can be used to measure the team's performance, their perception, especially during the match, is extremely difficult, even for the involved agents. Soccer has been used as a simulation environment in many studies, mainly in the area of robotics. The RoboCup is an international robotics competition with an ambitious goal: in 2050 a robotics team will be capable of defeating the human world champion at the time. In this context, we compared technical similarities between human and robotics soccer. Based on an off‐line automatic event detection tool, game statistics for the finals of both human and robotics soccer tournaments were collected and compared using the Wilcoxon test. The results show that the most frequent event in both forms of soccer is successful passes. Analysing the two types of passes considered (successful and missed), we conclude that there are significant differences between the two forms (W = 2, P=0.000354), with human soccer presenting a higher percentage of successful passes (77.89% vs. 66.97%). Of restart events (W=0, P=0.00048965), the most frequent one, in both forms, is the throw‐in (human 59.91%, robotics 66.4%), and the least frequent is the corner (human 13.7%, robotics 14.09%). Regarding the frequency of shots, in the robotics environment “shots” were the most predominant type (43.27%), whereas in human soccer “shots on target” predominated (71.25%; W=64, P=0.000085641). Finally, the number of faults is minor in robotics soccer.
Hand–arm strength and endurance as predictors of climbing performance
Authors: Baláš Jiří , Pecha Ondřej , Martin Andrew J. , Cochrane Darryl 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe aims of this study were to examine training characteristics, body composition, muscular strength, and endurance in sport climbers, and to demonstrate the relationship among these components by means of structural equation modelling. Altogether, 205 sport climbers (136 males, 69 females), with a performance RP (red point) of grade 4 to 11 on the Union Internationale des Association d'Alpinisme (UIAA) scale, took part in the study. The proposed structural model, with latent variable hand–arm strength and endurance (developed from reference values for simple tests), indicated by three manifest variables (grip strength, bent‐arm hang, and finger hang) and three exogenous variables (body fat, volume of climbing, and climbing experience), explained 97% of the variance in climbing performance. The relationship between body fat and climbing experience/volume with climbing performance was not direct, but was better explained using the mediator hand–arm strength and endurance. We conclude that these simple tests, together with percent body fat, volume of climbing, and climbing experience, can satisfactorily predict climbing performance.
Dynamics of the Segre varieties of a real submanifold in complex space
Authors: Baouendi M. , Ebenfelt P. , Rothschild Linda 
Published: August 2011

For a smooth (or formal) generic submanifold

M
M

of real codimension

d
d

in complex space

C

N

\mathbb {C}^N

with

0
∈
M

0\in M

, we introduce the notion of a formal Segre variety mapping

γ
:
(

C

N

×

C

N
−
d

,
0
)
→
(

C

N

,
0
)

\gamma : (\mathbb {C}^N\times \mathbb {C} ^{N-d},0)\to (\mathbb {C}^N,0)

and its iterated Segre mappings at

0
0

,

v
j

:
(

C

(
N
−
d
)
j

,
0
)
→
(

C

N

,
0
)

v^j:(\mathbb {C}^{(N-d)j},0) \to (\mathbb {C}^N,0)

,

j
≥
1

j\ge 1

. The Segre variety mapping

γ
\gamma

extends the notion of Segre varieties of a real-analytic generic submanifold to the setting of smooth (or formal) submanifolds. One of the main results in this paper is that

M
M

is of finite type (in the sense of Kohn and Bloom–Graham) at

0
0

if and only if there exists

k
0

≤
d
+
1

k_0\le d+1

such that the (generic) rank of

v

k
0

v^{k_0}

is

N
N

. More generally, we prove that

v

k
0

v^{k_0}

parameterizes the local CR orbit of

M
M

at

0
0

.
On automorphisms of Danielewski surfaces
Authors: Crachiola Anthony 
Published: August 2011

Let

k

\mathbf {k}

be any field. Let

R
=

k

[
X
,
Y
,
Z
]

/

(

X
n

Y
−

Z
2

−
h
(
X
)
Z
)

R = \mathbf {k}[X,Y,Z]/(X^n Y - Z^2 - h(X)Z)

, where

h
(
0
)
≠
0

h(0) \ne 0

and

n
≥
2

n \geq 2

. We develop techniques for computing the AK invariant of a domain with arbitrary characteristic. We use these techniques to compute

AK
⁡
(
R
)

\operatorname {AK}(R)

, describe the automorphism group of

R
R

, and describe the isomorphism classes of these algebras. We then show that these algebras provide counterexamples to the cancellation problem over any field, extending Danielewski’s original counterexample.
A Kleiman–Bertini theorem for sheaf tensor products
Authors: Miller Ezra , Speyer David 
Published: August 2011

Fix a variety

X
X

with a transitive (left) action by an algebraic group

G
G

. Let

E

\mathcal {E}

and

F

\mathcal {F}

be coherent sheaves on

X
X

. We prove that for elements

g
g

in a dense open subset of

G
G

, the sheaf

T

o

r
i
X

(

E

,
g

F

)

\mathcal {T}\hspace {-.7ex}or^X_i(\mathcal {E}, g \mathcal {F})

vanishes for all

i
>
0

i > 0

. When

E

\mathcal {E}

and

F

\mathcal {F}

are structure sheaves of smooth subschemes of

X
X

in characteristic zero, this follows from the Kleiman–Bertini theorem; our result has no smoothness hypotheses on the supports of

E

\mathcal {E}

or

F

\mathcal {F}

, or hypotheses on the characteristic of the ground field.
Pointed trees of projective spaces
Authors: Chen L. , Gibney A. , Krashen D. 
Published: August 2011

We introduce a smooth projective variety

T

d
,
n

T_{d,n}

which compactifies the space of configurations of

n
n

distinct points on affine

d
d

-space modulo translation and homothety. The points in the boundary correspond to

n
n

-pointed stable rooted trees of

d
d

-dimensional projective spaces, which for

d
=
1

d = 1

, are

(
n
+
1
)

(n+1)

-pointed stable rational curves. In particular,

T

1
,
n

T_{1,n}

is isomorphic to

M
¯

0
,
n
+
1

\overline {M}_{0,n+1}

, the moduli space of such curves. The variety

T

d
,
n

T_{d,n}

shares many properties with

M
¯

0
,
n
+
1

\overline {M}_{0,n+1}

. For example, as we prove, the boundary is a smooth normal crossings divisor whose components are products of

T

d
,
i

T_{d,i}

for

i
>
n

i > n

, and it has an inductive construction analogous to but differing from Keel’s for

M
¯

0
,
n
+
1

\overline {M}_{0,n+1}

. This can be used to describe its Chow groups and Chow motive generalizing [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 330 (1992), 545–574]. It also allows us to compute its Poincaré polynomials, giving an alternative to the description implicit in [Progr. Math., vol. 129, Birkhäuser, 1995, pp. 401–417]. We give a presentation of the Chow rings of

T

d
,
n

T_{d,n}

, exhibit explicit dual bases for the dimension

1
1

and codimension

1
1

cycles. The variety

T

d
,
n

T_{d,n}

is embedded in the Fulton-MacPherson spaces

X
[
n
]

X[n]

for any smooth variety

X
X

, and we use this connection in a number of ways. In particular we give a family of ample divisors on

T

d
,
n

T_{d,n}

, and an inductive presentation of the Chow motive of

X
[
n
]

X[n]

. This also gives an inductive presentation of the Chow groups of

X
[
n
]

X[n]

analogous to Keel’s presentation for

M
¯

0
,
n
+
1

\overline {M}_{0,n+1}

, solving a problem posed by Fulton and MacPherson.
Factorial threefold hypersurfaces
Authors: Cheltsov Ivan 
Published: August 2011

Let

X
X

be a hypersurface in

P

4

\mathbb {P}^{4}

of degree

d
d

that has at worst isolated ordinary double points. We prove that

X
X

is factorial in the case when

X
X

has at most

(
d
−
1

)

2

−
1

(d-1)^{2}-1

singular points.
Rank-level duality for conformal blocks of the linear group
Authors: Oudompheng Rémy 
Published: August 2011

We generalise the rank-level duality (also known asstrange duality) proved by P. Belkale [J. Amer. Math. Soc.21(2008), no. 1, 235–258] for generic curves and A. Marian and D. Oprea [Invent. Math.168(2007), no. 2, 225–247] for every smooth curve to the case of spaces of conformal blocks related to moduli spaces of parabolic bundles on a smooth pointed projective curve.
New topological recursion relations
Authors: Liu Xiaobo , Pandharipande Rahul 
Published: August 2011

Simple boundary expressions for the

k

t
h

k^{th}

power of the cotangent line class

ψ
1

\psi _1

on

M
¯

g
,
1

\overline {M}_{g,1}

are found for

k
≥
2
g

k\geq 2g

. The method is by virtual localization on the moduli space of maps to

P

1

\mathbb {P}^1

. As a consequence, nontrivial tautological classes in the kernel of the boundary push-forward map
\[

ι
∗

:

A
∗

(

M
¯

g
,
2

)
→

A
∗

(

M
¯

g
+
1

)

\iota _*:A^*( \overline {M}_{g,2}) \rightarrow A^*(\overline {M}_{g+1})

\]
are constructed. The geometry of genus

g
+
1

g+1

curves, then provides universal equations in genus

g
g

Gromov-Witten theory. As an application, we prove all the Gromov-Witten identities conjectured recently by K. Liu and H. Xu.
The use of semiparametric mixed models to analyze PamChip® peptide array data: an application to an oncology experiment
Authors: Thilakarathne Pushpike J. , Clement Lieven , Lin Dan , Shkedy Ziv , Kasim Adetayo , Talloen Willem , Versele Matthias , Verbeke Geert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMotivation: Phosphorylation by protein kinases is a central theme in biological systems. Aberrant protein kinase activity has been implicated in a variety of human diseases (e.g. cancer). Therefore, modulation of kinase activity represents an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of human illnesses. Thus, identification of signature peptides is crucial for protein kinase targeting and can be achieved by using PamChip® microarray technology. We propose a flexible semiparametric mixed model for analyzing PamChip® data. This approach enables the estimation of the phosphorylation rate (Velocity) as a function of time together with pointwise confidence intervals.Results: Using a publicly available dataset, we show that our model is capable of adequately fitting the kinase activity profiles and provides velocity estimates over time. Moreover, it allows to test for differences in the velocity of kinase inhibition between responding and non-responding cell lines. This can be done at individual time point as well as for the entire velocity profile.Contact: pushpike@med.kuleuven.beSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Identifying associations between amino acid changes and meta information in alignments
Authors: Spangenberg L. , Battke F. , Graña M. , Nieselt K. , Naya H. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Motivation: We present a method that identifies associations between amino acid changes in potentially significant sites in an alignment (taking into account several amino acid properties) with phenotypic data, through the phylogenetic mixed model. The latter accounts for the dependency of the observations (organisms). It is known from previous studies that the pathogenic aspect of many organisms may be associated with a single or just few changes in amino acids, which have a strong structural and/or functional impact on the protein. Discovering these sites is a big step toward understanding pathogenicity. Our method is able to discover such sites in proteins responsible for the pathogenic character of a group of bacteria.
Results: We use our method to predict potentially significant sites in the RpoS protein from a set of 209 bacteria. Several sites with significant differences in biological relevant regions were found.
Availability: Our tool is publicly available on the CRAN network at http://cran.r-project.org/
Contact: naya@pasteur.edu.uy
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Metabolomics of a Single Vacuole Reveals Metabolic Dynamism in an Alga Chara australis
Authors: Oikawa Akira , Matsuda Fumio , Kikuyama Munehiro , Mimura Tetsuro , Saito Kazuki 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Metabolomics is the most reliable analytical method for understanding metabolic diversity in single organelles derived from single cells. Although metabolites such as phosphate compounds are believed to be localized in different organelles in a highly specific manner, the process of metabolite compartmentalization in the cell is not thoroughly understood. The analysis of metabolites in single organelles has consequently presented a significant challenge. In this study, we used a metabolomic method to elucidate the localization and dynamics of 125 known metabolites isolated from the vacuole and cytoplasm of a single cell of the alga Chara australis. The amount of metabolites in the vacuole and the cytoplasm fluctuated asynchronously under various stress conditions, suggesting that metabolites are spatially regulated within the cell. Metabolite transport across the vacuolar membrane can be directly detected using the microinjection technique, which may reveal a previously unknown function of the vacuole.
Diagnosis and management of hymenoptera venom allergy: British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) guidelines
Authors: Krishna M. T. , Ewan P. W. , Diwakar L. , Durham S. R. , Frew A. J. , Leech S. C. , Nasser S. M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThis guidance for the management of patients with hymenoptera venom allergy has been prepared by the Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI). The guideline is based on evidence as well as on expert opinion and is for use by both adult physicians and pediatricians practising allergy. During the development of these guidelines, all BSACI members were included in the consultation process using a web‐based system. Their comments and suggestions were carefully considered by the SOCC. Where evidence was lacking, consensus was reached by the experts on the committee. Included in this guideline are epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic tests, natural history of hymenoptera venom allergy and guidance on undertaking venom immunotherapy (VIT). There are also separate sections on children, elevated baseline tryptase and mastocytosis and mechanisms underlying VIT. Finally, we have made recommendations for potential areas of future research. Cite this as: M. T. Krishna, P. W. Ewan, L. Diwakar, S. R. Durham, A. J. Frew, S. C. Leech and S. M. Nasser, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1201–1220.