bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine structure of the branchial epithelium in the teleost Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Monteiro Sandra Mariza , Oliveira Elsa , Fontaínhas‐Fernandes António , Sousa Mário 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have studied the gill epithelium of Oreochromis niloticus using transmission electron microscopy with the particular interested relationship between cell morphology and osmotic, immunoregulatory, or other non‐regulatory functions of the gill. Pavement cells covered the filament epithelium and lamellae of gills, with filament pavement cells showing distinct features from lamellar pavement cells. The superficial layer of the filament epithelium was formed by osmoregulatory elements, the columnar mitochondria‐rich, mucous and support cells, as well as by their precursors. Light mitochondria‐rich cells were located next to lamellae. They exhibited an apical crypt with microvilli and horizontal small dense rod‐like vesicles, sealed by tight junctions to pavement cells. Dark mitochondria‐rich cells had long dense rod‐like vesicles and a small apical opening sealed by tight junctions to pavement cells. The deep layer of the filament epithelium was formed by a network of undifferentiated cells, containing neuroepithelial and myoepithelial cells, macrophage and eosinophil‐like cells and their precursors, as well as precursors of mucous cells. The lateral‐basal surface was coated by myoepithelial cells and a basal lamina. The lamellar blood lacunae was lined by pillar cells and surrounded by a basal lamina and pericytes. The data presented here support the existence of two distinct types of pavement cells, mitochondria‐rich cells, and mitochondria‐rich cells precursors, a structural role for support cells, a common origin for pavement cells and support cells, a paracrine function for neuroepithelial cells in the superficial layer, and the control of the lamellar capillary base by endocrine and contractile cells. Data further suggest that the filament superficial layer is involved in gill osmoregulation, that may interact, through pale mitochondria‐rich cells, with the deep layer and lamellae, whereas the deep layer, through immune and neuroendocrine systems, acts in the regeneration and defense of the tissue. J. Morphol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser desorption postionization for imaging MS of biological material
Authors: Akhmetov Artem , Moore Jerry F. , Gasper Gerald L. , Koin Peter J. , Hanley Luke 
Published: February 2010

AbstractVacuum ultraviolet single photon ionization (VUV SPI) is a soft ionization technique that has the potential to address many of the limitations of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) for imaging MS. Laser desorption postionization (LDPI) uses VUV SPI for postionization and is experimentally analogous to a MALDI instrument with the addition of a pulsed VUV light source. This review discusses progress in LDPI‐MS over the last decade, with an emphasis on imaging MS of bacterial biofilms, analytes whose high salt environment make them particularly resistant to imaging by MALDI‐MS. This review first considers fundamental aspects of VUV SPI including ionization mechanisms, cross sections, quantum yields of ionization, dissociation and potential mass limits. The most common sources of pulsed VUV radiation are then described along with a newly constructed LDPI‐MS instrument with imaging capabilities. Next, the detection and imaging of small molecules within intact biofilms is demonstrated by LDPI‐MS using 7.87 eV (157.6 nm) VUV photons from a molecular fluorine excimer laser, followed by the use of aromatic tags for detection of selected species within the biofilm. The final section considers the future prospects for imaging intact biological samples by LDPI‐MS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nerve growth factor‐evoked nociceptor sensitization in pig skin in vivo
Authors: Rukwied Roman , Schley Marcus , Forsch Elmar , Obreja Otilia , Dusch Martin , Schmelz Martin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPeripheral sensitization of skin nociceptors by nerve growth factor (NGF) was explored in pig skin in vivo. As an objective output measure, the area of axon‐reflex‐mediated erythema was assessed upon mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electrical stimuli delivered at 1, 3, and 7 days after i.d. injection of 1 μg NGF into the pig's back skin (n = 8). Pretreatment with NGF provoked a sensitization to mechanical (600 mN), thermal (10 sec 49°C) and chemical (15 μl, pH 3) stimuli that lasted for 7 days. No sensitization, however, was found in response to weak mechanical (100 mN), weak thermal (10 sec 45°C), or electrical stimuli. Irrespective of the skin pretreatment (NGF or PBS vehicle control), the area of electrically induced erythema decreased upon repetition (days 1–7) by 70% (P < 0.05). Sensitization of sensory endings by NGF upon mechanical, heat, and chemical stimuli suggests recruitment of sensory transducer molecules [e.g., TRPV1, acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs)]. In contrast, the gradual decrease in electrically induced erythema over 7 days might be attributable to axonal desensitization and possibly activity‐dependent down‐regulation of sodium channels. Thus, long‐lasting sensitization processes of nociceptor endings or axonal sodium channel desensitization mechanisms can be explored in the pig as a translational experimental animal model. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hexokinase II gene transfer protects against neurodegeneration in the rotenone and MPTP mouse models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Corona Juan Carlos , Gimenez‐Cassina Alfredo , Lim Filip , Díaz‐Nido Javier 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA typical feature of Parkinson's disease is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, in which inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity may play an important role. Rotenone or 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) inhibit the mitochondrial complex I and they cause the death of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, thereby providing acute murine models of Parkinson's disease. We have found that increasing mitochondrial hexokinase II activity can prevent cell death in neuronal cultures treated with rotenone. As a result, we have studied the effects of hexokinase II gene transfer in vivo using a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) amplicon vector. The placHK2 amplicon vector was injected into substantia nigra of mice that were subsequently administered rotenone or MPTP. Overexpression of hexokinase II prevented both rotenone and MPTP‐induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death, as well as reducing the associated motor defects. Our results provide the first proof‐of‐principle that hexokinase II protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vivo, emphasizing the role of this enzyme in promoting neuronal survival. Thus, the increase of hexokinase II expression by gene transfer or other means represents a promising approach to treat Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxygen resuscitation does not ameliorate neonatal hypoxia/ischemia‐induced cerebral edema
Authors: Ferrari Diana Carolina , Nesic Olivera B. , Perez‐Polo J. Regino 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNeonatal hypoxia/ischemia (HI) is a common cause of cognitive and behavioral deficits in children with hyperoxia treatment (HHI) being the current therapy for newborn resuscitation. HI induces cerebral edema that is associated with poor neurological outcomes. Our objective was to characterize cerebral edema after HI and determine the consequences of HHI (40% or 100% O2). Dry weight analyses showed cerebral edema 1 to 21 days after HI in the ipsilateral cortex; and 3 to 21 days after HI in the contralateral cortex. Furthermore, HI increased blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability 1 to 7 days after HI, leading to bilateral cortical vasogenic edema. HHI failed to prevent HI‐induced increase in BBB permeability and edema development. At the molecular level, HI increased ipsilateral, but not contralateral, AQP4 cortical levels at 3 and up to 21 days after HI. HHI treatment did not further affect HI‐induced changes in AQP4. In addition, we observed developmental increases of AQP4 accompanied by significant reduction in water content and increase permeability of the BBB. Our results suggest that the ipsilateral HI‐induced increase in AQP4 may be beneficial and that its absence in the contralateral cortex may account for edema formation after HI. Finally, we showed that HI induced impaired motor coordination 21 days after the insult and HHI did not ameliorate this behavioral outcome. We conclude that HHI treatment is effective as a resuscitating therapy, but does not ameliorate HI‐induced cerebral edema and impaired motor coordination. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transgenic mouse and cell culture models demonstrate a lack of mechanistic connection between endoplasmic reticulum stress and tau dysfunction
Authors: Spatara M.L. , Robinson A.S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn vivo aggregation of tau protein is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence has also demonstrated activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in AD, although the role of the UPR in disease pathogenesis is not known. Here, three model systems were used to determine whether a direct mechanistic link could be demonstrated between tau aggregation and the UPR. The first model system used was SH‐SY5Y cells, a neuronal cultured cell line that endogenously expresses tau. In this system, the UPR was activated using chemical stressors, tunicamycin and thapsigargin, but no changes in tau expression levels, solubility, or phosphorylation were observed. In the second model system, wild‐type 4R tau and P301L tau, a variant with increased aggregation propensity, were heterologously overexpressed in HEK 293 cells. This overexpression did not activate the UPR. The last model system examined here was the PS19 transgenic mouse model. Although PS19 mice, which express the P301S variant of tau, display severe neurodegeneration and formation of tau aggregates, brain tissue samples did not show any activation of the UPR. Taken together, the results from these three model systems suggest that a direct mechanistic link does not exist between tau aggregation and the UPR. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenosine A2A receptor but not HIF‐1 mediates Tyrosine hydroxylase induction in hypoxic PC12 cells
Authors: Gammella Elena , Cairo Gaetano , Tacchini Lorenza 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines released by oxygen‐sensitive cells in response to hypoxic conditions. Adenosine is released in response to hypoxia in the central nervous system and CGS21680, an adenosine A2A receptor agonist, induces TH transcription. As we have previously demonstrated the A2A receptor‐mediated induction of HIF‐1 in macrophages and hepatocytes, we investigated the involvement of HIF‐1 in the adenosine‐mediated activation of TH expression. Exposure to adenosine or CGS21680 increased TH mRNA and protein levels in PC12 cells. Transcription of a reporter gene under the control of the wild type rat TH promoter was induced 3.5‐fold in CGS21680‐treated cells, but neither the mutation of the hypoxia responsive element in the TH promoter nor the co‐transfection of a dominant negative of the HIF‐1 β subunit prevented the increase in transcription; furthermore, CGS21680 increased CREB binding activity but did not induce HIF‐1 DNA binding activity or protein levels. To investigate whether HIF‐1 was involved in the hypoxia‐mediated induction of TH, PC12 cells were exposed to hypoxia in the presence of the A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385, which prevented hypoxia‐dependent TH induction despite HIF‐1 activation; in line with this finding, the inhibition of HIF‐1 did not abolish TH induction in hypoxic PC12 cells. These results indicate that, under hypoxic conditions, TH (a key factor in systemic adaptation to reduced oxygen availability) is not regulated by HIF‐1, the primary modulator of the response to hypoxia, but by the adenosine A2A receptor‐mediated signalling pathway. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salivary gland extract from engorged Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) stimulates in vitro growth of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
Authors: Rudolf Ivo , Šikutová Silvie , Kopecký Jan , Hubálek Zdeněk 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn vitro effect of salivary gland extract from fed Ixodes ricinus, the competent vector of Lyme borreliosis in Europe, on the growth of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. garinii, B. afzelii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto) was examined in BSK‐H medium. Motility rate, concentration of motile spirochetes and their morphology were estimated at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days using darkfield microscopy. Salivary gland extract derived from I. ricinus stimulated markedly the growth of three genomic species of borreliae. The results confirm a substantial role of salivary glands in the mechanism of pathogen transmission to vertebrate host. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Practical procedures for genetic manipulation systems for medermycin‐producing Streptomyces sp. AM‐7161
Authors: Huiqun Deng , Xiaofeng Cai , Jianxin Peng , Huazhu Hong , Koji Ichinose , Aiying Li 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStreptomyces sp. AM‐7161 is a producer of an aromatic polyketide medermycin with strong antibacterial and antitumor activity. It has been inefficient to perform genetic manipulations in this strain, which heavily hinders the genetic analysis of some interesting problems concerning tailoring modifications in medermycin biosynthesis. Here, condition optimizations of sporulation and mycelium growth of this strain as well as protoplast preparation and regeneration were conducted systematically. Based on these results, protoplast transformation system was established, and two types of foreign plasmids (integrative and auto‐replicating) were efficiently introduced into this strain. Additionally, a conjugation system to mediate plasmid transfer between Escherichia coli and Streptomyces sp. AM‐7161 was also optimized and established. These results provide the practical procedures to perform more convenient genetic analysis of medermycin biosynthesis in this strain. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Expression of hcp in freshwater Synechococcus spp., a gene encoding a hyperconserved protein in picocyanobacteria
Authors: Kutovaya Olga A. , McKay R. Michael L. , Bullerjahn George S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMarine picoplankton of the genus Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus spp. are widely studied members of the picocyanobacterial clade, composed of unicellular cyanobacteria that dominate pelagic regions of the ocean. Less studied are the related freshwater Synechococcus spp. that similarly dominate the euphotic zone of oligotrophic lakes. Previous work has shown that marine picocyanobacteria harbor a small gene, hcp, that encodes a 62 amino acid protein 100% conserved among all strains examined. The gene is restricted exclusively to the picocyanobacterial lineage. The current study reveals that hcp is also 100% conserved in four freshwater Synechococcus spp. strains isolated from the Laurentian Great Lakes, and that the gene constitutively expressed with genes encoding a ribosomal protein and two tRNA genes. The synteny of the hcp region is also conserved between the marine and freshwater strains. Last, the hcp gene and the organization of the surrounding genetic region has been retained in the reduced genome of a picocyanobacterial endosymbiont of the amoeba Paulinella sp. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oxidation of aliphatic, branched chain, and aromatic hydrocarbons by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica isolated from oil‐polluted sand samples collected in the Saudi Arabian Desert
Authors: Nhi‐Cong Le Thi , Mikolasch Annett , Awe Susanne , Sheikhany Halah , Klenk Hans‐Peter , Schauer Frieder 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA soil bacterium isolated from oil‐polluted sand samples collected in the Saudi Arabian Desert has been determined as Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, which has a high capacity of degrading and utilizing a broad range of hydrocarbons. The metabolic pathways of three classes of hydrocarbons were elucidated by identifying metabolites in cell‐free extracts analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC/UV‐Vis in comparison with standard compounds. During tetradecane oxidation, tetradecanol; tetradecanoic acid; dodecanoic acid; decanoic acid could be found as metabolites, indicating a monoterminal degradation pathway of n ‐alkanes. The oxidation of pristane resulted in the presence of pristanoic acid; 2‐methylglutaric acid; 4,8‐dimethylnonanoic acid; and 2,6‐dimethylheptanoic acid, which give rise to a possible mono‐ and di‐terminal oxidation. In case of sec ‐octylbenzene, eight metabolites were detected including 5‐phenylhexanoic acid; 3‐phenylbutyric acid; 2‐phenylpropionic acid; β ‐methylcinnamic acid; acetophenone; β ‐hydroxy acetophenone; 2,3‐dihydroxy benzoic acid and succinic acid. From these intermediates a new degradation pathway for sec ‐octylbenzene was investigated. Our results indicate that N. cyriacigeorgica has the ability to degrade aliphatic and branched chain alkanes as well as alkylbenzene effectively and, therefore, N. cyriacigeorgica is probably a suitable bacterium for biodegradation of oil or petroleum products in contaminated soils. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
VA mental health services utilization in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in the first year of receiving new mental health diagnoses
Authors: Seal Karen H. , Maguen Shira , Cohen Beth , Gima Kristian S. , Metzler Thomas J. , Ren Li , Bertenthal Daniel , Marmar Charles R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLittle is known about mental health services utilization among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans receiving care at Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities. Of 49,425 veterans with newly diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), only 9.5% attended 9 or more VA mental health sessions in 15 weeks or less in the first year of diagnosis. In addition, engagement in 9 or more VA treatment sessions for PTSD within 15 weeks varied by predisposing variables (age and gender), enabling variables (clinic of first mental health diagnosis and distance from VA facility), and need (type and complexity of mental health diagnoses). Thus, only a minority of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with new PTSD diagnoses received a recommended number and intensity of VA mental health treatment sessions within the first year of diagnosis.
A comparison of OEF and OIF veterans and Vietnam veterans receiving cognitive processing therapy
Authors: Chard Kathleen M. , Schumm Jeremiah A. , Owens Gina P. , Cottingham Sara M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are producing large numbers of veterans who have experienced a variety of combat stressors. The potential impact of combat exposure has been established, including significant rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Limited research has examined potential differences between veteran groups and one study to date has examined differences between eras in terms of treatment response. The present study seeks to examine cohort differences between Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans and Vietnam veterans (N = 101) before and after completing treatment for PTSD using cognitive processing therapy. Findings suggest that veterans from these eras responded differently to treatment and there are multiple variables that should be considered in future cohort studies.
Recent advances in the development of discharge‐pumped oxygen‐iodine lasers
Authors: Heaven M.C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemical oxygen‐iodine lasers are unique in their ability to generate high‐power beams with near diffraction limited beam quality. The operating wavelength, 1.315 µm is readily transmitted by the atmosphere and compatible with fiber optics beam delivery systems. However, applications of the laser are severely limited by logistical problems associated with the complex chemistry used to power the device. Electrical or microwave discharge excitation of oxygen‐iodine lasers offers an attractive alternative that eliminates the chemical power generation problems and has the possibility of closed‐cycle operation. A discharge oxygen‐iodine laser was first demonstrated in 2005. Since that time the power of the device has been improved by a factor of 400 and much has been learned concerning the physics and chemistry of the discharge driven system. Although our current understanding of the chemical kinetics is incomplete, parametric studies of laser performance show considerable promise for further scaling. This article reviews the basic principles of the discharge oxygen iodine laser, summarizes the most recent advances, and outlines some of the unresolved questions regarding the production and removal of excited species in the gas flow.
Factors influencing survival of free‐flap in reconstruction for cancer of the head and neck: A literature review
Authors: Kruse Astrid L.D. , Luebbers Heinz T. , Grätz Klaus W. , Obwegeser Joachim A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMicrovascular free tissue transfer is a reliable technique for head and neck reconstruction with success rates of 90–99%. Currently, there is no consensus concerning antithrombotic agents, antibiotics, or monitoring techniques. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review current literature dealing with microvascular free‐tissue transfer and factors influencing the outcome. In addition to excellent microsurgical techniques, coupling devices are a promising new technique, but are not useful in all arteries. Antibiotics should be given in three doses, as a more lengthy dosage time seems to have no advantage. The risk for elderly patients can be best assessed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, but early mobilization, including intense chest physiotherapy, is important. Anticoagulation can be considered in cases of small vessels, significant size mismatch, vein graft, or vessels of poor quality. Monitoring should be done hourly during the first 24 hours and then every 4 hours for the next 2 postoperative days. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.