bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An enhanced fourier neural operator surrogate for radioactive plume transport forecasting
Authors: Ayoub Ali , Wainwright Haruko M. , Wang Lijing , Sansavini Giovanni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccurate real-time forecasts of atmospheric plume behavior are crucial for effective management of environmental release incidents. However, the computational demands of weather simulations and particle transport codes limit their applicability during emergencies. In this study, we employ a U-Net enhanced Fourier Neural Operator (U-FNO) to statistically emulate the calculations of the WSPEEDI dose forecasting numerical simulator, using pre-calculated ensemble simulations. The developed emulator is capable of effectively simulating any radioactive-release scenario and generating the time series of dose distribution in the environment 4000 times faster than the numerical simulator, while still maintaining high accuracy. It predicts the plume direction, extent, and dose-rate magnitudes using initial- and boundary-condition meteorological data as input. The speed and efficiency of this framework offers a powerful tool for swift decision-making during emergencies, facilitating risk-informed protective actions, evacuation execution, and zone delineation. Its application extends to various contaminant release and transport problems, and can be instrumental in engineering tasks requiring uncertainty quantification (UQ) for environmental risk assessment.
Factors associated with psychological distress during genetic counseling in high-risk women with breast cancer in Turkey
Authors: Anuk Dilek , Tuncer Seref Bugra , Özkan Mine , Yazıcı Hülya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to shed light on the rather neglected area of research of psychological distress in women facing genetic counselling in Turkey, where few institutions providing such counselling exist.

Methods
105 breast cancer patients presenting for genetic testing completed a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire as well as validated structured questionnaires including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S/T) and the Health Motivation Sub-dimension of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale.

Results
69.5% of the participants had lost a family member from cancer; 80% said the term “cancer” elicited negative thoughts (e.g., death, fear, and incurable disease). 62.9% and 37.1% attributed cancer to stress or sorrow, and genetic susceptibility, respectively. There was a negative association between health motivation and BDI scores (r:-0.433, p < 0.001). Married individuals had higher BDI and STAI-S scores (p = 0.001, p = 0.01 respectively), as well as lower STAI-T scores (p = 0.006). BDI, STAI-S and STAI-T scores were higher in those refusing genetic testing (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.003 respectively) and those with metastases (p = 0.03, p = 0.01, p = 0.03 respectively). Furthermore, individuals with low health motivation were more likely to exhibit high BDI scores (p < 0.001) and low STAI-T scores (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Common perceptions and beliefs about cancer and genetic testing during genetic counselling were found to have a negative impact on distress in high-risk women with breast cancer. The negative relationship between psychological distress and health motivation may reduce patients' compliance with genetic counselling recommendations. A comprehensive psychological evaluation should be considered as an important part of genetic counselling.
Momentum Dependent Nucleon–Nucleon Contact Interactions and Their Effect on $$p-d$$ Scattering Observables
Authors: Filandri E. , Girlanda L. , Kievsky A. , Marcucci L. E. , Viviani M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStarting from a complete set of relativistic nucleon–nucleon contact operators up to order $$O(p^4)$$

O
(

p
4

)

of the expansion in the soft (relative or nucleon) momentum p, we show that non-relativistic expansions of relativistic operators involve twenty-six independent combinations, two starting at $$O(p^0)$$

O
(

p
0

)

, seven at order $$O(p^2)$$

O
(

p
2

)

and seventeen at order $$O(p^4)$$

O
(

p
4

)

. This demonstrates the existence of two low-energy free constants that parameterize interactions dependent on the total momentum of the pair of nucleons P. The latter, through the use of a unitary transformation, can be removed in the two-nucleon fourth-order contact interaction of the Chiral Effective Field Theory, generating a three-nucleon interaction at the same order. Within a hybrid approach in which this interaction is considered together with the phenomenological potential AV18, we show that the LECs involved can be used to fit very accurate data on the polarization observables of the low-energy $$p-d$$

p
-
d

scattering, in particular the $$A_y$$

A
y

asymmetry.
Digitale Medien und Schlaf bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Prävention und Intervention
Authors: Paulus Frank W. 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie voranschreitende Digitalisierung birgt neben all dem Positiven auch Gefährdungen für Kinder und Jugendliche wie zum Beispiel Gaming Disorder, Cybermobbing, Onlinesexsucht oder Cybergrooming. Diese digitalisierungsbedingten Störungen, aber auch die intensivierte Nutzung digitaler Medien allgemein können den Schlaf von Kindern und Jugendlichen negativ beeinflussen. Eine Kombination aus Verhältnis- und Verhaltensprävention ist notwendig, um dieser negativen Entwicklung effektiv entgegenzuwirken. Für eine effektive Verhältnisprävention ist die Mitarbeit der Entwickler und Anbieter medialer Angebote sowie eine Unterstützung auf politischer Ebene unerlässlich. Im Sinne einer Verhaltensprävention ist es wichtig, die Ressourcen der Kinder und Jugendlichen zu stärken, Kontextfaktoren miteinzubeziehen und den Erziehungsberechtigten Hilfestellungen sowie klare Empfehlungen anzubieten. Kinderärzte und Allgemeinmediziner sollten verstärkt für die Problematik sensibilisiert werden. Die vorhandenen Interventionsmaßnahmen zur Kontrolle der Bildschirmnutzung mit dem Ziel, die Schlafqualität zu verbessern, weisen zumeist nur kleine Wirkeffekte auf. Die Verfügbarkeit und Inanspruchnahme digitaler Behandlungsangeboten nimmt zu. Aussagekräftige Evaluationsstudien zur Effektivität dieser Interventionen sind erforderlich.
Achieving osteoporosis treat-to-target goals with teriparatide or alendronate: sub-analysis of Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-05 (JOINT-05)
Authors: Hagino Hiroshi , Tanaka Shiro , Kuroda Tatsuhiko , Mori Satoshi , Soen Satoshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether bone mineral density (BMD) ≥ −2.5 SD could be used as the treat-to-target (T2T) goal when treating osteoporosis with teriparatide (TPTD) and alendronate (ALN), and to investigate the relationship with incident vertebral fracture by re-analyzing data from a randomized, controlled trial (JOINT-05) involving postmenopausal Japanese women at high fracture risk.

Materials and methods
Participants received sequential therapy with once-weekly TPTD for 72 weeks, followed by ALN for 48 weeks (TPTD-ALN group) or ALN monotherapy for 120 weeks (ALN group). BMDs were measured at the lumbar spine (L2-4), total hip, and femoral neck at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 120 weeks by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The T2T goal was BMD ≥ −2.5 SD, and the endpoint was the proportion of participants with baseline BMD < −2.5 SD in three measurement sites achieving BMD ≥ −2.5 SD.

Results
A total of 559 participants were selected. BMD ≥ −2.5 SD at 120 weeks in the L2-4, total hip, and femoral neck sites was achieved in 20.5%, 23.1%, and 5.9%, respectively, in the TPTD-ALN group and 22.2%, 11.7%, and 7.3%, respectively, in the ALN group. Incident vertebral fractures occurred in areas of both lower and high BMD.

Conclusion
During the 1.5-year treatment period, more than 20% of participants achieved BMD ≥ −2.5 SD as a T2T goal at L2-4. Since the achievement level differed depending on the BMD measurement site, the appropriate site should be selected according to the baseline BMD level.
Upregulation of psoriasin/S100A7 correlates with clinical severity in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Stolte Kim Natalie , Danker Kerstin , Witt Maren , Ebhardt Harald , Dommisch Henrik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to: (1) investigate the expression patterns of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), specifically psoriasin (S100A7) and calgranulin A and B (S100A8/A9), in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to healthy individuals; (2) evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHrQoL) in OLP patients versus healthy controls; (3) investigate the impact of clinical severity of OLP on OHrQoL; and (4) assess the influence of AMP expression on clinical severity and OHrQoL in OLP patients.

Materials and methods
Oral mucosal biopsies (n = 38) were collected from healthy individuals (n = 17) and patients with OLP (n = 21). Levels of AMPs (S100A7, S100A8, S100A9) and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were assessed by RT-qPCR. AMP protein localization was identified by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. OHrQoL was assessed using the OHIP-G14 questionnaire, and clinical severity was evaluated with the Oral Disease Severity Score (ODSS). Correlations between OLP manifestation, OHrQoL, and AMP expression were evaluated.

Results
(1) S100A7 (p < 0.001), IL-8 (p < 0.001), and TNFα (p < 0.001) mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in OLP tissue compared to healthy tissue, while S100A8 (p < 0.001) and S100A9 (p < 0.001) mRNA levels were downregulated. Immunofluorescence staining revealed an enhanced expression of S100A7 and decreased protein expression of S100A9 in OLP tissue. (2) OLP patients (9.58 ± 8.32) reported significantly higher OHIP-G14 scores compared to healthy individuals (0.67 ± 0.87; p < 0.001), particularly in the categories “physical pain” (p < 0.001) and “psychological discomfort” (p = 0.025). (3,4) Clinical severity (25.21 ± 9.77) of OLP correlated positively with OHrQoL (ρ = 0.497) and psoriasin expression (ρ = 0.402).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated differential expression patterns of AMPs in OLP and highlighted the correlation between the clinical manifestation of OLP and OHrQoL. Further research approaches should address the role of psoriasin in the risk of malignant transformation of OLP.

Clinical relevance
Psoriasin is a putative biomarker to monitor disease severity including malignant transformation of OLP lesions. OHIP-G14 scores can be useful to monitor OHrQoL in OLP patients.
Effect of fiber-reinforced direct restorative materials on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular molars restored with a conservative endodontic cavity design
Authors: Nezir Merve , Dinçtürk Beyza Arslandaş , Sarı Ceyda , Alp Cemile Kedici , Altınışık Hanife 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the fracture strength of teeth restored using fiber-reinforced direct restorative materials after endodontic treatment with a conservative mesio-occlusal access cavity design.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 extracted intact mandibular first molars were selected and distributed into a positive control group where teeth left intact and the following four test groups comprised of teeth with conservative mesio-occlusal access cavities that had undergone root canal treatment (n = 20/group): access cavity without restoration (negative control), bulk-fill resin composite with horizontal glass fiber post reinforcement, fiber-reinforced composite with bulk-fill resin and bulk-fill resin composite. Following thermocycling (10,000 cycles), fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. Statistical analyses (one-way analysis of variance and the Tamhane test) were performed, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
Groups with minimally invasive access cavities had lower fracture strength than intact teeth, regardless of the restoration material (p < 0.05). Fiber-reinforced composite groups demonstrated higher fracture strength than bulk-fill resin composite alone (p < 0.05). Fracture types varied among groups, with restorable fractures predominant in the fiber-reinforced composite groups.

Conclusion
This study suggests that using fiber-reinforced composite materials, especially in combination with bulk-fill resin composites, can effectively enhance the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth with conservative access cavities. However, using only bulk-fill resin composite is not recommended based on the fracture strength results.

Clinical significance
When teeth that undergo endodontic treatment are restored using a conservative access cavity design and fiber-reinforced composite materials, especially in combination with bulk-fill resin composites, the fracture strength of the teeth can be effectively increased.
How does air pollution affect floating population in metropolitan city: embedding-based approach
Authors: Lee Won Sang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, the air pollution has been seriously regarded in the urban environment. Particularly, the substantial relationship between the air pollution and the daily movements of citizens has not been sufficiently investigated yet. This study attempts to empirically identify the patterns of air pollution using association rule mining from Seoul, the metropolitan city in South Korea. As a result, 214 patterns on air pollution are discovered, and those are embedded into vectors based on Doc2Vec technique. Then, this paper further examines how the movement of citizens reacts to the discovered patterns of air pollution by deploying the linear regression on the floating population with emphasis on the walk-traffic. Specifically, the walk-traffic is categorized into 14 categories by gender and age group, and the effects of air pollution patterns on each subgroup walk traffic were analyzed. Findings of this paper provide the empirical evidences on the estimated air pollution sensitivity by generation and gender to researchers and practitioners. This paper has the contribution on newly proposing the methodological framework for further managing the air pollution in the urban environment.
Graphical abstract
Addressing uncertainty in Participatory Integrated Assessment: qualitative modeling approach for risk estimation
Authors: Merino-Benítez Tatiana , Grave Ileana , Bojórquez-Tapia Luis A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParticipatory Integrated Assessment (PIA) has become a vital tool for decision-making for sustainable development, but it faces significant challenges due to the inherent uncertainty of socio-ecological systems. Uncertainty arises from multiple sources, such as incomplete data, knowledge gaps, and unpredictable events, which can lead to inadequate risk estimations and potentially undermine the effectiveness of environmental planning efforts. To address these challenges, this study proposes a qualitative modeling approach for risk estimation in PIA. The approach employs Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) to combine qualitative insights and information from stakeholders with available quantitative data. It allows for the exploration of alternative future states of the world and the identification of robust scenarios that promote sustainable development. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the Ecological Ordinance of Yucatán, Mexico, a policy-making tool for multi-sectoral environmental planning. The study shows how qualitative DMDU can identify critical uncertainties and provide insights into regional management strategies. It also emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement and transparency in the decision-making process. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for addressing multiple forms of uncertainty in PIA and improving ecological risk estimation for decision-making in complex socio-ecological systems.
A Sheaf-Theoretic Construction of Shape Space
Authors: Arya Shreya , Curry Justin , Mukherjee Sayan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present a sheaf-theoretic construction of shape space—the space of all shapes. We do this by describing a homotopy sheaf on the poset category of constructible sets, where each set is mapped to its Persistent Homology Transforms (PHT). Recent results that build on fundamental work of Schapira have shown that this transform is injective, thus making the PHT a good summary object for each shape. Our homotopy sheaf result allows us to “glue” PHTs of different shapes together to build up the PHT of a larger shape. In the case where our shape is a polyhedron we prove a generalized nerve lemma for the PHT. Finally, by re-examining the sampling result of Smale-Niyogi-Weinberger, we show that we can reliably approximate the PHT of a manifold by a polyhedron up to arbitrary precision.
Computing balanced solutions for large international kidney exchange schemes
Authors: Benedek Márton , Biró Péter , Paulusma Daniel , Ye Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo overcome incompatibility issues, kidney patients may swap their donors. In international kidney exchange programmes (IKEPs), countries merge their national patient–donor pools. We consider a recently introduced credit system. In each round, countries are given an initial “fair” allocation of the total number of kidney transplants. This allocation is adjusted by a credit function yielding a target allocation. The goal is to find a solution that approaches the target allocation as closely as possible, to ensure long-term stability of the international pool. As solutions, we use maximum matchings that lexicographically minimize the country deviations from the target allocation. We perform, for the first time, a computational study for a large number of countries. For the initial allocations we use two easy-to-compute solution concepts, the benefit value and the contribution value, and four classical but hard-to-compute concepts, the Shapley value, nucleolus, Banzhaf value and tau value. By using state-of-the-art software we show that the latter four concepts are now within reach for IKEPs of up to fifteen countries. Our experiments show that using lexicographically minimal maximum matchings instead of ones that only minimize the largest deviation from the target allocation (as previously done) may make an IKEP up to 54% more balanced.
Novel picture fuzzy power partitioned Hamy mean operators with Dempster-Shafer theory and their applications in MCDM
Authors: Punetha Tanuja , Komal  , Pamucar Dragan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn some multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) scenarios, decision makers must address challenges like handling uncertain and incomplete information, managing biases in criteria values, and assessing interrelationships among criteria based on their partitioning as per their characteristics. To tackle these challenges, a picture fuzzy set (PFS) can be utilized to quantify vague information, Hamy mean (HM) can be used to consider criteria interrelationships while the power average (PA) mitigates any kind of biasness. Also, to overcome the limitations of persistence and invariantess in algebraic operations, Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) is employed. By integrating the conventional HM with the traditional PA under partitioning, this paper first introduced the novel power partitioned Hamy mean ($$PPtHM^q$$PPtHMq) operator. Then, this operator is extended for picture fuzzy numbers (PFNs) with DST and two novel operators are introduced, which are named as picture fuzzy power partitioned Hamy mean$$(PFPPtHM^q_{DST})$$(PFPPtHMDSTq)and picture fuzzy weighted power partitioned Hamy mean$$(PFWPPtHM^q_{DST})$$(PFWPPtHMDSTq)with some desirable properties. Moreover, based on these operators, a new method for MCDM in the PFS environment has been designed. The paper illustrates their application in selecting the best hotel among four alternatives ($$B_1$$B1,$$B_2$$B2,$$B_3$$B3,$$B_4$$B4) based on five criteria, which are partitioned into two sets. Results indicate that the best and worst alternatives under these operators are hotels$$B_1$$B1and$$B_4$$B4, respectively. Sensitivity analysis explores the impact of granularity parameter variations, and comparative analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the presented operators. Overall, the study concludes that these operators offer flexibility, generality, and consistency for analyzing MCDM problems in PFS environments.
The human in the loop Perspectives and challenges for RoboCup 2050
Authors: Rossi Alessandra , Paetzel-Prüsmann Maike , Keijsers Merel , Anderson Michael , Anderson Susan Leigh , Barry Daniel , Gutsche Jan , Hart Justin , Iocchi Luca , Kokkelmans Ainse , Kuijpers Wouter , Liu Yun , Polani Daniel , Roscon Caleb , Scheunemann Marcus , Stone Peter , Vahl Florian , van de Molengraft René , von Stryk Oskar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRobotics researchers have been focusing on developing autonomous and human-like intelligent robots that are able to plan, navigate, manipulate objects, and interact with humans in both static and dynamic environments. These capabilities, however, are usually developed for direct interactions with people in controlled environments, and evaluated primarily in terms of human safety. Consequently, human-robot interaction (HRI) in scenarios with no intervention of technical personnel is under-explored. However, in the future, robots will be deployed in unstructured and unsupervised environments where they will be expected to work unsupervised on tasks which require direct interaction with humans and may not necessarily be collaborative. Developing such robots requires comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of similar design approaches and techniques. Yet, issues regarding the reproducibility of results, comparing different approaches between research groups, and creating challenging milestones to measure performance and development over time make this difficult. Here we discuss the international robotics competition called RoboCup as a benchmark for the progress and open challenges in AI and robotics development. The long term goal of RoboCup is developing a robot soccer team that can win against the world’s best human soccer team by 2050. We selected RoboCup because it requires robots to be able to play with and against humans in unstructured environments, such as uneven fields and natural lighting conditions, and it challenges the known accepted dynamics in HRI. Considering the current state of robotics technology, RoboCup’s goal opens up several open research questions to be addressed by roboticists. In this paper, we (a) summarise the current challenges in robotics by using RoboCup development as an evaluation metric, (b) discuss the state-of-the-art approaches to these challenges and how they currently apply to RoboCup, and (c) present a path for future development in the given areas to meet RoboCup’s goal of having robots play soccer against and with humans by 2050.