bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inter‐rater and test–retest reliability of the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool
Authors: Vu Tuong‐Vi , Mackenzie Lynette 
Published: May 2012

Background/aimThe Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool was developed to assist health professionals to identify falls risk among community‐dwelling older people arising from their home environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool by examining its inter‐rater and test–retest reliability.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling older people, over the age of 65 (n = 31) were recruited from the caseload of nine occupational therapists across three area health services in Sydney and the Hunter region. A total of 31 home visits were conducted by the researcher and an occupational therapist to independently administer the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool. Follow‐up visits were then conducted within a two‐week period by one of the raters to re‐administer the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool. Reliability was evaluated using percentage agreement, intra‐class correlations and kappa coefficients.ResultsThe intra‐class correlation coefficient for the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool overall score was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.66–0.91) for inter‐rater reliability and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.57–0.88) for test–retest reliability, indicating a good level of reliability for the tool. ‘Undefined stair edges’ was the only item that demonstrated poor inter‐rater reliability (kappa = 0.37). All items except ‘loose mats’ (kappa = 0.19) reached acceptable or excellent levels of test–retest reliability with kappa scores greater than 0.40.ConclusionThe Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool demonstrated consistency across raters and across different time periods. Further studies into the reliability of the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool would benefit from sampling raters from varying professional backgrounds and older people with higher levels of function.
Hybrid septate uterus, coexistence of bicornuate and septate varieties: A genuine report
Authors: El Saman Ali M. , Shahin Ahmed Y. , Nasr Ahmed , Tawfik Reda M. , Saadeldeen Hazeem S. , Othman Essam R. , Habib Dina M. , Abdel‐Aleem Mahmoud A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  To highlight the coexistence of a uterine septum in cases diagnosed as bicornuate uterus on the basis of the external shape of the uterine fundus and to present the outcomes of its hysteroscopic management.Methods:  Descriptive clinical report. Cases with two‐chambered uterine cavities were recruited with exclusion of cases with pure bicornuate uteri. The differentiation between hybrid and pure septate uterine varieties was based on clinical evaluation, transvaginal ultrasonic evaluation, hysterosalpingography and in addition to bimanual examination under anesthesia. The final diagnosis was confirmed by combined hysteroscopy–laparoscopy examinations. Cases with pure and hybrid septate uteri were managed by hysteroscopic metroplasty and the outcomes were compared.Results:  Out of 357 cases of double chambered uteri, 18 cases (5%) were found to be a pure bicornuate variety (PBV), 322 (90.2%) cases were found to have pure septate variety (PSV) and 17 cases (4.8%) were found to have hybrid septate variety (HSV). In HSV, there was external fundal depression dividing only the upper part of the corpus giving an imprecise impression of a bicornuate uterus with a laparoscopic view, but there was a long extension of the dividing interface. Nine cases with HSV were associated with a complete utero‐cervico‐vaginal septum, and five cases had a complete uterine septum. The diagnosis of asymmetric horns, hemi‐obstruction or bicervical uterus was made in three cases with HSV. All cases with a septate uterus were offered hysteroscopic metroplasty, and cases with fundal depression were operated under laparoscopic monitoring. In cases with HSV, the procedure was performed safely and successfully in 16/17 cases (94%). One uterine perforation was encountered, giving a six‐fold increase in the perforation risk, and passed uneventfully. Successful reproductive outcomes were reported in 178/189 cases (94.1%) with PSV and in 12/15 (80%) with HSV.Conclusions:  External fundal depressions of variable depths are associating with a septate uterus, indicating coexistence of the two anomalies. These cases are candidates for hysteroscopic metroplasty under appropriate sonographic and/or laparoscopic monitoring.
Transient hydrops fetalis in a prenatally diagnosed pentasomy X?
Authors: Aytac Pinar Caglar , Tarim Ebru , Sahin Feride I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNumerical abnormalities of sex chromosomes are seen approximately 1 in 400 live births. Pentasomy X is a very rare chromosomal abnormality and it is defined as presence of five X chromosomes instead of two. Prenatal sonographic features have rarely been described in the literature before. Here we present a non‐immune fetal hydrops diagnosed during the 17th week of gestation. Ultrasonographic examination revealed subcutaneous edema, pleural effusion and ascites, and also clinodactyly of the fifth fingers of both hands. The fetal karyotype was assessed as 49,XXXXX (pentasomy X) in two different culture flasks. Hydropic signs regressed at 21 weeks' gestation. Prenatal diagnosis may not be possible usually for this rare chromosomal abnormality. Every anomaly detected prenatally, such as transient hydrops, may help us to diagnose pentasomy X.
Outcomes and prognostic factors of cervical cancer after concurrent chemoradiation
Authors: Kim Tae‐Eung , Park Byung‐Joon , Kwack Hyun‐Sung , Kwon Ji‐Young , Kim Jang‐Heub , Yoon Sei‐Chul 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  Concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer. This study was undertaken to evaluate the outcomes and the prognostic factors for cervical cancer after CCRT.Material and Methods:  The medical records of 174 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB1–IVA who were treated at three affiliated hospitals of the Catholic University of Korea between January 1999 and December 2008 were reviewed and analyzed. Patients received pelvic radiotherapy with one of three regimens of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy concurrently and high‐dose rate brachytherapy. The radiation field was extended to include para‐aortic lymph nodes, if necessary.Results:  The median follow‐up period was 29.5 months (range, 5–96 months). Using multivariate analysis, stage (P = 0.014), tumor size (P = 0.043), and clinical response (P = 0.001) had a significant effect on overall survival. Similarly, progression‐free survival (PFS) was influenced by stage (P = 0.004), tumor size (P = 0.02), clinical response (P = 0.011), and normalized squamous cell carcinoma antigen level after CCRT (P = 0.007). The 5‐year survival rates were 91.7% (standard error, 5.8%) for stages IB1–IIA, 71.5% (standard error, 7.8%) for stage IIB, 44.9% (standard error, 7.8%) for stage III, and 20.9% (standard error, 12.0%) for stage IVA. A total of 151 out of 174 patients (86.8%) completed the planned treatment. Toxicities were manageable with supportive therapy.Conclusions:  Cisplatin‐based CCRT is well‐tolerated. Good clinical response revealed a favorable correlation to survival. A maximal effort to achieve this goal might prolong survival in patients with cervical cancer.
Maternal hypoxia and caffeine exposure depress fetal cardiovascular function during primary organogenesis
Authors: Momoi Nobuo , Tinney Joseph P. , Keller Bradley B. , Tobita Kimimasa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAims:  Hypoxia is known to influence cardiovascular (CV) function, in part, through adenosine receptor activation. We have shown in a mouse model that during primary cardiac morphogenesis, acute maternal hypoxia negatively affects fetal heart rate, and recurrent maternal caffeine exposure reduces fetal cardiac output (CO) and downregulates fetal adenosine A2A receptor gene expression. In the present study, we investigated whether maternal caffeine dosing exacerbates the fetal CV response to acute maternal hypoxia during the primary morphogenesis period.Material and Methods:  Gestational‐day‐11.5 pregnant mice were exposed to hypoxia (45 s duration followed by 10 min of recovery and repeated 3 times) while simultaneously monitoring maternal and fetal CO using high‐resolution echocardiography.Results:  Following maternal hypoxia exposure, maternal CO transiently decreased and then returned to pre‐hypoxia baseline values. In contrast to a uniform maternal cardiac response to each exposure to hypoxia, the fetal CO recovery time to the baseline decreased, and CO rebounded above baseline following the second and third episodes of maternal hypoxia. Maternal caffeine treatment inhibited the fetal CO recovery to maternal hypoxia by lengthening the time to CO recovery and eliminating the CO rebound post‐recovery. Selective treatment with an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, but not an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, reproduced the altered fetal CO response to maternal hypoxia created by caffeine exposure.Conclusions:  Results suggest an additive negative effect of maternal caffeine on the fetal CV response to acute maternal hypoxia, potentially mediated via adenosine A2A receptor inhibition during primary cardiovascular morphogenesis.
Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in progestin‐resistance of human endometrial carcinoma: In a mouse model
Authors: Xu Yanli , Tong Jianqian , Ai Zhihong , Wang Juan , Teng Yincheng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of these investigations was to study the role of gefitinib (a specific oral epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor) on reversing progestin‐resistance in a human endometrial carcinoma xenograft model.Material and Methods:  To study the effect of gefitinib and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression on tumor progestin resistance, the Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cell line was transfected to stably express a high level of EGFR, which resulted in the progestin‐resistant Ishikawa‐pLWERNL subcell line. BALB/c nude mice were injected subcutaneously with the parental Ishikawa cell line and the Ishikawa‐pLWERNL cell line. Therapy experiments with gefitinib alone or in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) were done and samples were analyzed for EGFR and progesterone receptor isoform B (PR‐B) expression by Western blot and immumohistochemistry analyses. Role in blocking EGFR autophosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathway and antagonizing progestin resistance by gefitinib was investigated by Western blot analysis.Results:  EGFR expression was higher in progestin‐resistant Ishikawa‐pLWERNL endometrial cancer (EC) xenografts than in progestin‐sensitive Ishikawa EC xenografts; in contrast, PR‐B was higher in Ishikawa xenografts than in Ishikawa‐pLWERNL xenografts. Higher EGFR expression reduced sensitivity to progestin and decreased PR‐B expression in Ishikawa xenografts; it also abnormally activated EGFR autophosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathway. Gefitinib effectively inhibited the proliferation of EC xenografts that overexpressed EGFR, and reversed hormone resistance in progestin‐resistant EC xenografts.Discussion:  The present study describes an in vivo model that can provide a valuable tool in studying the interaction of overexpressed EGFR and progestin resistance in EC. Gefitinib may be useful in the treatment of progestin‐resistant EC.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5) activate transient receptor potential canonical channels to improve the regularity of the respiratory rhythm generated by the pre‐Bötzinger complex in mice
Authors: Ben‐Mabrouk Faiza , Amos Louella B. , Tryba Andrew K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMetabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are hypothesized to play a key role in generating the central respiratory rhythm and other rhythmic activities driven by central pattern generators (e.g. locomotion). However, the functional role of mGluRs in rhythmic respiratory activity and many motor patterns is very poorly understood. Here, we used mouse respiratory brain‐slice preparations containing the pre‐Bötzinger complex (pre‐BötC) to identify the role of group I mGluRs (mGluR1 and mGluR5) in respiratory rhythm generation. We found that activation of mGluR1/5 is not required for the pre‐BötC to generate a respiratory rhythm. However, our data suggest that mGluR1 and mGluR5 differentially modulate the respiratory rhythm. Blocking endogenous mGluR5 activity with 2‐Methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) decreases the inspiratory burst duration, burst area and frequency, whereas it increases the irregularity of the fictive eupneic inspiratory rhythm generated by the pre‐BötC. In contrast, blocking mGluR1 reduces the frequency. Moreover, the mGluR1/5 agonist 3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine increases the frequency and decreases the irregularity of the respiratory rhythm. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that mGluR signaling decreases the irregularity of the respiratory rhythm by activating transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, which carry a non‐specific cation current (ICAN). Indeed, 3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) application reduces cycle‐by‐cycle variability and subsequent application of the TRPC channel blocker 1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐[3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)propoxy]ethyl]imidazole (SKF‐96365) hydrochloride reverses this effect. Our data suggest that mGluR5 activation of ICAN‐carrying TRPC channels plays an important role in governing the cycle‐by‐cycle variability of the respiratory rhythm. These data suggest that modulation of TRPC channels may correct irregular respiratory rhythms in some central neuronal diseases.
Leucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1 (Lgi1), an epilepsy‐related secreted protein, has a nuclear localization signal and localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the caudal ganglionic eminence neurons
Authors: Kusuzawa Sayaka , Honda Takao , Fukata Yuko , Fukata Masaki , Kanatani Shigeaki , Tanaka Daisuke H. , Nakajima Kazunori 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLeucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1 (Lgi1) is a secreted synaptic protein that organizes a transsynaptic protein complex throughout the brain. Mutations in the Lgi1 gene have been found in patients with autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (ADLTE). Although a large number of studies have focused on the expression and function of Lgi1 in the postnatal brain, information regarding its functions and distribution during development remains sparse. Here we report that Lgi1 mRNA is preferentially expressed in the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) of the early embryonic telencephalon, and LGI1 protein is unexpectedly localized in the nucleus of dissociated CGE neurons. Using bioinformatics analysis, we found that LGI1 contains a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) in its leucine‐rich repeat C‐terminal domain. Furthermore, we show that the transient expression of Lgi1 in CGE neurons resulted in nuclear translocation of the LGI1 protein, and a mutation in the NLS led to the retention of LGI1 in the cytoplasm. We also confirmed that the NLS sequence of LGI1 had the ability to mediate the nuclear localization by using the NLS‐containing fusion protein. Interestingly, when Lgi1 was expressed in neurons obtained from the medial ganglionic eminence or cerebral cortex, almost no nuclear localization of LGI1 was observed. These results raise the possibility of a novel role of Lgi1 within embryonic neurons through nuclear translocation and may provide insight into its potential effects on the development of the central nervous system and ADLTE pathogenesis.
Iridocorneal angle measurements in mammalian species: normative data by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Almazan Alexandra , Tsai Susan , Miller Paul E. , Lee Susan S. , Vilupuru Abhiram S. , Burke James A. , Robinson Michael R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective Gonioscopy provides limited quantitative information to compare the iridocorneal anatomy across different species. In addition, the anatomic relationships by histologic examination are altered during processing. As a result, the comparative anatomy of the iridocorneal angle across several mammalian species was evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).Methods Cats, beagle dogs, minipigs, owl monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, and rhesus monkeys (n = 6 or 7 per species) were evaluated. Imaging was performed using the OCT. The anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance (AOD), and the angle recess area (ARA) were evaluated.Results AC angle: cat (63 ± 6°) > owl monkey (54 ± 4°) > beagle dog (42 ± 4°) > minipig (40 ± 3°) > rhesus monkey (36 ± 1°) > cynomolgus monkey (34 ± 2°). AOD: cat (3.3 ± 0.5 mm) > owl monkey (2.05 ± 0.2 mm) > beagle dog (1.08 ± 0.1 mm) > rhesus monkey (0.92 ± 0.06 mm) > minipig (0.64 ± 0.04 mm) > cynomolgus monkey (0.43 ± 0.03 mm). ARA: cat (3.5 ± 0.1 mm2) > owl monkey (1.41 ± 0.2 mm2) > dog (0.88 ± 0.1 mm2) > rhesus monkey (0.62 ± 0.06 mm2) > minipig (0.21 ± 0.05 mm2) > cynomolgus monkey (0.15 ± 0.01 mm2).Conclusions This study benchmarks the normative iridocorneal angle measurements across different mammalian species by OCT. These data can be useful to compare iridocorneal angle measurements in disease states as OCT evolves as a common diagnostic tool in veterinary ophthalmic research and practice.
A review of expression profiling of circulating microRNAs in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Kelly Brian D. , Miller Nicola , Healy Nuala A. , Walsh Kilian , Kerin Michael J. 
Published: May 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?MicroRNAs are small, single‐stranded RNA molecules that are stable in the circulation. These molecules have been identified as potential circulating biomarkers for several malignancies.In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the publications that have identified dysregulated microRNAs in the circulation of men with prostate cancer.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that are involved in gene regulation and expression. These molecules have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies.
MiRNAs have the potential to be both a tissue‐ and blood‐based biomarker for cancer diagnosis, classification, prognosis and response to treatment.
The levels of dysregulated miRNAs in the circulation of individuals make miRNAs an ideal biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer.
The present study provides a comprehensive review of the expression profiling of miRNAs in the circulation of men with prostate cancer.
Further research is necessary to identify if circulating miRNAs have the potential to be a biomarker for prostate cancer in clinical practice.
Comparison of partial vs radical nephrectomy with regard to other‐cause mortality in T1 renal cell carcinoma among patients aged ≥75 years with multiple comorbidities
Authors: Sun Maxine , Bianchi Marco , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Hansen Jens , Abdollah Firas , Hanna Nawar , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Montorsi Francesco , Perrotte Paul , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: May 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Surgical intervention is the established standard of care option in patients diagnosed with localized RCC.
The study found that better and rigorous selection of surgical candidates should be implemented in the context of localized RCC as some patients may not benefit from surgery.
Objective
To quantify the effect of partial nephrectomy (PN) vs radical nephrectomy (RN) on other‐cause mortality (OCM) in elderly patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and/or multiple comorbidities.
Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare‐linked database, patients with T1 RCC, aged ≥75 years, or who had ≥2 comorbidities, were identified (1988–2005).
To adjust for inherent differences between treatment types, propensity‐based matched analyses were performed.
Competing‐risks regression analyses for prediction of OCM were assessed according to treatment type.
The effect of PN and RN on OCM was examined in three sub‐groups: patients aged ≥75 years; patients with ≥2 comorbidities; and patients aged ≥75 years with ≥2 comorbidities.
Results
After propensity‐based matched analyses and adjustment for all covariates, PN was found to exert a protective effect relative to RN with respect to OCM in all patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.84, P = 0.048).
In subanalyses, no difference was recorded between PN and RN in patients who were aged ≥75 years (HR: 0.83, P = 0.2), with ≥2 baseline comorbidities at diagnosis (HR: 0.83, P = 0.1), or in patients who were aged ≥75 years and who had ≥2 baseline comorbidities (HR: 0.77, P = 0.2).
Conclusions
Some elderly patients and/or those with multiple comorbidities at diagnosis may not benefit from PN with respect to OCM.
After rigorous patient selection, alternative treatment options could be considered.
Alcohol consumption is associated with reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes in adults: results from the Nord‐Trøndelag health study
Authors: Rasouli B. , Ahlbom A. , Andersson T. , Grill V. , Midthjell K. , Olsson L. , Carlsson S. 
Published: May 2012

Diabet. Med. 30, 56–64 (2013)AbstractAims  We investigated the influence of different aspects of alcohol consumption on the risk of Type 2 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes in adults.Methods  We used data from the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT) study, in which all adults aged ≥ 20 years from Nord‐Trondelag County were invited to participate in three surveys in 1984–1986, 1995–1997 and 2006–2008. Patients with diabetes were identified using self‐reports, and participants with onset age ≥ 35 years were classified as having Type 2 diabetes if they were negative for anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase (n = 1841) and as having autoimmune diabetes if they were positive for anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase (n = 140). Hazard ratios of amount and frequency of alcohol use, alcoholic beverage choice, and binge drinking and alcohol use disorders were estimated.Results  Moderate alcohol consumption (adjusted for confounders) was associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes in men, but not in women (hazard ratio for men 10–15 g/day 0.48, 95% CI 0.28–0.77; hazard ratio for women ≥ 10 g/day 0.81, 95% CI 0.33–1.96). The reduced risk was primarily linked to consumption of wine [hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99 (per g/day)]. No increased risk was seen in participants reporting binge drinking or in problem drinkers. The results were also compatible with a reduced risk of autoimmune diabetes associated with alcohol consumption [hazard ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.45–1.08 (frequent consumption) and hazard ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.13–0.97 (2–7 g/day)].Conclusions  Moderate alcohol consumption associates with reduced risk of both Type 2 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes. A protective effect of alcohol intake may be limited to men. High alcohol consumption does not seem to carry an increased risk of diabetes.
IDENTIFICATION METHODS IN VECTOR‐ERROR CORRECTION MODELS: EQUIVALENCE RESULTS
Authors: Fisher Lance A. , Huh Hyeon‐seung 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn a structural vector‐error correction (VEC) model, it is possible to decompose the shocks into those with permanent and transitory effects on the levels of the variables. Pagan and Pesaran derive the restrictions which the permanent–transitory decomposition of the shocks imposes on the structural VEC model. This paper shows that these restrictions are equivalent to a set of restrictions that are applied in the methods of Gonzalo and Ng and King et al. (KPSW). Using this result, it is shown that the Pagan and Pesaran method can be used to recover the structural shocks with permanent effects identically to those from the Gonzalo and Ng and KPSW methods. In the former case, this is illustrated in the context of Lettau and Ludvigson's consumption model and in the latter case in KPSW's six variable model. There are also two other methods for which the Pagan and Pesaran approach can deliver identical permanent shocks which are also discussed.