bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of SLIPI–polarization ratio imaging for droplets sizing in dense sprays
Authors: Garcia S. , Stiti M. , Doublet P. , Lempereur C. , Orain M. , Berrocal E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, structured laser illumination planar imaging and polarization ratio techniques are successfully combined to size droplets in various optically dense sprays. The polarization ratio approach is based on the acquisition of the perpendicular and parallel polarized components of Lorenz–Mie scattered light, for which the ratio is proportional to the surface mean diameter, D21. One of the main advantages of this technique, compared to some other laser imaging techniques for particle sizing, is that no fluorescent dye is required. This makes the technique suitable for characterizing sprays under evaporation conditions, such as combustion or spray drying applications. In addition, the SLIPI technique aims at suppressing the detection of multiple light scattering and at extracting the desirable single-light scattering signal. To test the reliability of this novel approach, an industrial hollow-cone nozzle is used, injecting at 50 bar water mixed with Glycerol (in the range of 0–60%). The first aim of this work is to study the experimental parameters that influence the reliability of the technique, such as the polarization orientation of the incident light, the refractive index of the injected liquid and the variation of the droplet size distribution. Using Phase Doppler Anemometry, the results show that a linear calibration is obtained for droplets ranging between 10 and 70 μm, when the incident illumination has a polarization set to 10° and 20°. In addition, this article demonstrates the feasibility of the technique for the measurement of liquids having a refractive index reaching 1.41. In the last stage of this work, after rotating the nozzle every 5°, a 3D tomographic reconstruction of D21 is performed. This demonstrates the robustness and efficiency of the technique for droplet sizing in 3D, under challenging conditions.
Prognostic risk factors for early outcomes of patients with myelomeningocele: a prospective study
Authors: Naseri Alavi Seyed Ahmad , Rezkhah Amir , Majdi Alireza , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Bagheri Mohammad Mehdi , Jafarzadeh Fateme , Kobets Andrew J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a prevalent form of neural tube defect. Despite advancements in treatment, MMC still poses significant health risks, including complications leading to chronic disability and mortality. Identifying prognostic risk factors for early outcomes is crucial for tailored intervention strategies.

Methods
This prospective study involved newborns and infants diagnosed with MMC who underwent surgery between 2020 and 2023 at Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Demographic data and surgical outcomes were collected, and participants were followed up for six months. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, and independent t-test.

Results
The study included 29 MMC cases, with an incidence rate of 1.4 per 10,000 live births. Lesions were predominantly located in the lumbar spine. Although mortality rates appeared to increase with ascending lesion sites, this trend was not statistically significant. Short-term outcomes revealed high morbidity and mortality rates, with neurological deficits being the most prevalent complication. Multivariable analysis identified head circumference as a significant predictor of adverse outcomes (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.86, p = 0.04). Furthermore, an increase in birth weight was associated with a reduction in the incidence of requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (IRR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.998 to 0.999, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
This prospective study highlights prognostic risk factors for early outcomes in MMC patients, emphasizing the need for personalized intervention strategies. By addressing modifiable risk factors and implementing targeted interventions, healthcare providers can strive to improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for MMC patients.
The Influence of River Plume Discharge and Winds on Sediment Transport into a Coastal Mangrove Environment
Authors: Vundavilli Hemanth , Mullarney Julia C. , MacDonald Iain T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigate how the physical forcing factors of river discharge and winds affect sediment delivery to, and retention within, mangrove-lined coastal regions. We use an idealized numerical model, broadly similar to the Firth of Thames deltaic system in New Zealand, to isolate and explore the underlying processes without some of the complexities of the real system. Total sediment transport and the relative contributions of riverine and bed-sourced sediment into the forest are assessed using a transect along the edge of the forest region. The model results demonstrate that both river discharge and winds alter the distribution of sediment transport, and that the spatial patterns relate to different regions of the river plume. At the river mouth (the near-field region), irrespective of the discharge employed, sediment fluxes are directed into the mangrove forest, indicating an accretionary environment consistent with satellite observations. Here, contributions from the riverine and bed-sourced sediments are similar. For small to medium discharge scenarios (up to $$\sim$$
∼
280 m$$^{3}$$

3

s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, flow speeds $$\sim$$
∼
0.6 m s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

), mass loads increase with river discharge. However, in the case of large discharge events, the high momentum in the near-field region allows the river plume to effectively transport sediment through the full width of forested region and out of the forest front. In the mid- and far-field regions of the plume, tidal influences also play a stronger role. Suspended sediment is primarily composed of bed-sourced material and transported out of the forest. Weaker winds are found to affect the far- and mid-field regions of the river plume. Stronger winds are able to reshape the entire plume structure, also including the near-field, such that sediment deposition is enhanced when winds are directed towards the forest.
From Quarry to Monument: Considering Mardin Stone (SE, Türkiye) as the Symbol of Architectural and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Dursun Felat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe cultural and architectural significance of stone becomes evident as one traces its journey from quarry to monument. Located in southeastern Türkiye, Mardin City presents an urban landscape characterized by stone-built heritage. This transforms Mardin into an open-air museum where the final stone products are exhibited. In addition to its cultural and historical significance, the present study explores the geological, physical, mechanical, mineralogical, petrographic, and chemical properties of the Mardin Stone through the samples collected from the Artuklu, Midyat and Savur districts of Mardin. The Mardin Stone is represented by two different types of limestone deposited during the Cretaceous-Eocene period, categorized as fossiliferous micritic limestone and micritic limestone. The physicomechanical and thermal characteristics suggest that the samples collected from the Artuklu district exhibit better engineering properties than those from the Midyat and Savur districts. The study mapped ancient and modern quarries, illustrating the significance of the stone extraction and crafting techniques used to produce the Mardin Stone. Additionally, it emphasized the ongoing use of stone in contemporary structures, its vital role in heritage conservation, and its export to various countries, notably for use in the Syriac diaspora churches. The evaluations demonstrate that the Mardin Stone, with its diverse architectural applications and symbolic element of the collective memory, meets the essential standards and criteria of the International Union of Geological Sciences-Heritage Stone Subcommission (IUGS-HSS) as a potential candidate for designation as Heritage Stone.
Intrauterine Exposure to Phthalates and Child Growth in the First Year of Life: Results from the BiTwin Cohort
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudia , Barros Henrique , Severo Milton , Sakhi A. K. , Thomsen C. , Ramos Elisabete 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhthalates are among the endocrine-disrupting compounds with higher widespread in daily life. Our objective was to assess the associations between maternal exposure to phthalates assessed by urinary phthalate metabolites and growth at birth and in the first year of life. The BiTwin cohort (479 single and 246 multiple pregnancies) was recruited as part of the HEALS project (2017–2019). Evaluations were conducted at birth, 4, 8, and 12 months after childbirth. To mitigate the dependency on twins, we randomly selected one child per family. Birth weight was abstracted from clinical files, and parameters for the first year were based on the child health book. The maternal urine was collected at birth, and phthalate metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The association between weight growth curves and phthalates was estimated by fixed regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals calculated through linear mixed effects models. All models include a fixed effect for time and time square and a random intercept and slope by individual. For birth weight, after adjustment, overall, a negative association was found but only statistically significant for mono-n-butyl phthalate metabolite β = − 0.195 (95% CI − 0.372; − 0.018). In general, the results are similar by sex, but for di(2ethylhexyl) phthalate and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate, we found associations in the opposite directions. Regarding growth trajectories for the first year of life, overall, no statistically significant associations were found. However, the sum of di(2ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites presented a positive statistically significant association β = 0.062 (95%CI 0.002; 0.121) after further adjustment for breastfeeding duration. A positive association was also found for Mono-iso-butyl phthalate in males (β = 0.236 (95%CI 0.063; 0.409)). Higher maternal phthalate concentrations tended to be associated with lower birth weight, although they did not reach statistical significance. Regarding the first year of life, di(2ethylhexyl) phthalate presented a positive statistically significant association with growth.
Analysis of the Mesoscale Asymmetric Rainbands during the Slow Northward-Moving Period of Typhoon In-Fa (2021)
Authors: Yang Shunan , Lu Yixiong , Hu Yi , Chen Boyu , Song Zhenya , Chu Min 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAfter making landfall, Typhoon In-Fa (2021) moved slowly, resulting in heavy rainfall and flooding across fourteen provinces in China. This extreme precipitation was primarily linked to the evolution of active mesoscale convective systems. This study analyzes the characteristics and causes of mesoscale rainbands during In-Fa’s slow northward-moving period, aiming to identify the key factors that influence the detailed evolution of typhoon rainbands and to enhance typhoon quantitative precipitation forecasting skill. In-Fa’s mesoscale asymmetric rainbands can be categorized into three types: mesoscale spiral rainbands, a convective rainband to the east of In-Fa, and a rainband to the north of In-Fa. Mesoscale low-level jets are a critical factor in the development of mesoscale spiral rainbands. The wind speed gradient near these jets, along with the convergence of wind directions between two jets, fosters low-level convergence and upward motion, triggering the evolution of several mesoscale rainbands. The convective rainband to the east of In-Fa flourishes under conditions of high humidity and energy, displaying distinct diurnal variations. This is due to the strengthening of low-level jets at night, which enhances both dynamic convergence and water vapor availability. The presence of moderate to strong convective available potential energy (600–1500 J kg−1), substantial whole-layer water vapor (relative humidity exceeding 90–95%), and a high 0 °C-layer favors the development of efficient warm-cloud convective precipitation, leading to intense hourly rainfall. The rainband to the north of In-Fa is primarily associated with cold air intrusion in the lower troposphere, although the interaction between typhoon and mid-latitude systems has not yet occurred. At the interface between cold and warm air, the colder air to the north side sinks while the warmer air to the south side rises, forming a secondary circulation that supports the development and persistence of precipitation on the north side of the typhoon. These findings offer a conceptual model for accurately predicting precipitation associated with typhoons that move slowly northward after landfall.
Recent Advances in Fiber-Optic Sensors for the Detection of Inorganic Acidic Gases
Authors: Kong Lingnan , Gong Yuanke , Zhong Xiaoyu , Liu Yang , Wan Bo , Xie Quanhua , He Yuanyuan , Peng Xiaoling , Chang Haixing , Zhong Dengjie , Liu Huiling , Zhong Nianbing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An acidic gas is an important basic chemical raw material used for synthesizing fertilizers, insecticides, explosives, dyes, and salts. Alternatively, inorganic acidic gases that leak into the air have harmful effects on the human health, infrastructure, and cultural relics. Therefore, the demand for inorganic acidic gas sensors for air quality monitoring and management has continuously increased, enabling the development of various sensing technologies. Among them, fiber-optic sensors are promising for acidic gas detection because of their excellent in-situ measurement, resistance to corrosion, anti-electromagnetic interference, long service life, and smart structure. In particular, fiber-optic sensors have proven to be very useful for the in-situ detection and distributed monitoring of multiple gas parameters. However, the sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and limits of detection of these sensors can be improved to achieve acceptable performance levels for practical applications. In this review, we introduce fiber-optic sensors based on structured optical fibers and fiber gratings for detecting H2S, SO2, NO2, CO2, and N2O. The structures of the sensing regions, gas-sensitive materials, and measurement principles of these sensors are presented. The sensitivity, selectivity, limit of detection, and response time of the sensors are summarized. Finally, the future of fiber-optic sensors for the detection of inorganic acidic gases is discussed.
A hybrid model to improve IC-related metrics of semantic similarity between words
Authors: Xiao Jia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a hybrid model to improve Information Content (IC) related metrics of semantic similarity between words, named IC+SP, based on the essential hypothesis that IC and the shortest path are two relatively independent semantic evidences and have approximately equal influences to the semantic similarity metric. The paradigm of IC+SP is to linearly combine the IC-related metric and the shortest path. Meanwhile, a transformation from the semantic similarity of the concepts to that of the words is presented by maximizing every component of IC+SP. 13 improved IC-related metrics based on IC+SP are formed and implemented on the experimental platform HESML Lastra-Díaz (Inf Syst 66:97–118, 2017). Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients on well-accepted benchmarks for the improved metrics compare to those for the original ones to evaluate IC+SP. I introduce the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test needing no standard distribution hypothesis, while, this hypothesis is required by T-Test on the sample of small size. T-Test, as well as the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, conduct on the differences of the correlative coefficients for improved and original metrics. It is expected that the improved IC-related metrics could significantly outperform their corresponding original ones, and the experimental results, including the comparisons of mean and maximum of correlation coefficients as well as the p-value and confidence interval of both tests, accomplish the anticipation in the vast majority of cases.
Highly Efficient Drive System for Elastocaloric Heat Pumps and Cooling Systems
Authors: Unmüßig Sabrina , Burghardt Andreas , Schäfer-Welsen Olaf , Bartholomé Kilian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe need for alternative cooling technologies aside from compressor based cooling is growing since more and more refrigerants get regulated. One promising technology is cooling with the elastocaloric effect by using a phase change of elastocaloric materials that induces a temperature change within the material. The crucial point in the commercialization of this technology is the efficiency of the elastocaloric system including elastocaloric material and the drivetrain. Literature often gives values for the efficiency without including the actuator that drives the system although this is necessary to determine the overall total efficiency. In this study, we introduce a highly efficient drive system based on energy recuperation and deduce the efficiency of this concept. The actuator drive consists of an oscillating armature and is driven by reluctance forces. For the characterization of the system, the elastocaloric material is exchanged with preloaded springs. This gives rise to the possibility of measuring the efficiency of the actuator system itself without considering the elastocaloric material. The efficiency of the drive system is determined to be $${\eta }_{\text{A}}=95.7 \%$$

η
A

=
95.7
%

.
LGBTQ+  Youth Identity Disclosure Processes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mousavi Mohammad , Chong Norman , Earnshaw Valerie A. , Layland Eric K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDisclosure, as a complex social process, profoundly influences the well-being of LGBTQ + youth. This study, guided by the disclosure process model, systematically reviews and synthesizes LGBTQ + youth disclosure literature, considering it as a developmental, multi-component process across various contexts. After screening 5,433 articles, 29 studies were identified, focusing on identity-disclosure processes among LGBTQ + youth aged 26 or younger. These studies were scrutinized for disclosure process components, individual and contextual factors shaping disclosure, and potential bias. Findings reveal a predominant focus on avoidance goals (e.g., fear of rejection, LGBTQ + stigma) rather than approach goals (e.g., seeking belonging, authenticity) in studies examining the disclosure decision-making process. Reactions to disclosures were often mixed, initially leaning negative but evolving positively over time. Mental health emerged as the most studied outcome of disclosure. Additionally, disclosure processes were shaped by disclosure recipients, social context, and cultural beliefs. In conclusion, research on LGBTQ + youth disclosure is advancing and evolving, with increasing attention to disclosure goals and outcomes. Rather than viewing disclosure as a singular event, this review underscores LGBTQ + youth identity disclosure as a complex, developmental process extending over time and across diverse contexts.
Analysis of pore-fracture structure evolution and permeability in tar-rich coal under high-temperature pyrolysis using μCT technology
Authors: Jiang Pengfei , Cheng Zhongyan , Huang Jiaqi , Li Gaigai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo study the internal evolution characteristics of tar-rich coal under high-temperature pyrolysis and improve pyrolysis efficiency, three-dimensional reconstruction and analysis of tar-rich coal from northern Shaanxi after high-temperature pyrolysis were conducted using μCT technology. The evolutionary development of pore and fracture structure at different temperatures and the relationship between pore-fractures and permeability was studied and discussed. The results show that when tar-rich coal from 300 to 600 °C, it mainly undergoes two stages: in the first stage, the internal substance structure of the coal mainly undergoes thermal cracking, forming large fracture bands; in the second stage, the coal undergoes intense pyrolysis reactions, resulting in primarily circular or elliptical large pore structures within the coal, with a reduction in the number of fractures. Furthermore, a strong exponential relationship is exhibited between the porosity and permeability of tar-rich coal, and a predictive equation is provided. When the temperature exceeds 500 °C, the coupled effect of pores and fractures contributes more than 20% to permeability, and its impact cannot be ignored.
A psychological network analysis of the relationship among component importance measures
Authors: Rocco Claudio M. , Barker Kash , Moronta Jose , González Andrés D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImportance measures (IMs) in networks are indices that allow the analysis and evaluation of the network components that are most critical to the performance of the network. Such information is useful for a decision-maker as it enables taking actions to prevent or improve the performance of the network in the face of changing operational events (e.g., the identification of important links that should be hardened or made redundant). This paper presents an approach to analyze the relationships between the IMs through the use of so-called psychological networks, which estimate the characteristics of a new kind of network wherein the “nodes” correspond to IMs and the connecting links and their capacities are derived statistically using the IMs calculated. Such estimation does not use any a priori information of relationships among IMs. The approach proposed in this work defines an equivalence paradigm not described previously in the literature between the approach used in psychology and the IMs used to measure networks. As a result, the main characteristics of the relationships among IMs are derived, such as magnitude, sign, and robustness of the selected IMs. An example related to a transportation network and a set of flow-based IMs illustrates the contribution of psychological networks for understanding how the IMs interact.
Distribution of cotton leaf curl virus species/strain and characterization of associated satellite molecules in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Pawar Tapish , Sharma Shikha , Arora Rupesh Kumar , Biswas Kajal Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a major threat to cotton production throughout the world. In the present study, cotton crop in the South-Western districts of Punjab was monitored and surveyed for CLCuD. Begomoviruses and associated betasatellites and alphasatellites found in infected cotton plants with the CLCuD complex were sequenced partially. Here, we studied ten partial sequences for the characterization of CLCuD complex. Pairwise sequence analysis revealed that CLCuD-begomovirus isolates from Mansa is a close relative of cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) while isolates from Bathinda and Abohar are members of CLCuMuV-Rajasthan strain. The betasatellite isolates characterized in this study shared 58.8–87.6% nt sequence homology with each other and showed maximum nucleotide sequence identity with cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). The alphasatellite isolates from Bakainwala and Muktsar showed maximum nt identity with cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite (CLCuMuA) and Gossypium darwani symptomless alphasatellite (GDrSLA) respectively.