bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Cathode Design for High‐Performance Dual‐Salt Magnesium/Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using 2D/2D 1T/2H‐MoS2@Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanocomposite
Authors: Rahmatinejad Jalal , Liu Xudong , Raisi Bahareh , Ye Zhibin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMagnesium‐ion batteries (MIBs) and dual‐salt magnesium/lithium‐ion batteries (MLIBs) have emerged as promising contenders for next‐generation energy storage. In contrast to lithium metal anode in lithium metal batteries, magnesium metal anode in MIBs and MLIBs presents a safer alternative due to the limited dendrite growth and higher volumetric capacity, along with higher natural abundance. This study explores a MLIB configuration with a novel cathode design by employing a 2D/2D nanocomposite of 1T/2H mixed phase MoS2 and delaminated Ti3C2Tx MXene (1T/2H‐MoS2@MXene) to address challenges associated with slow kinetics of magnesium ions during cathode interactions. This cathode design takes advantage of the high electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx MXene and the expanded interlayer spacing with enhanced conductivity of the 1T metallic phase in 1T/2H mixed phase MoS2. Through a designed synthesis method, the resulting nanocomposite cathode maintains structural integrity, enabling the stable and reversible storage of dual Mg2+ and Li+ ions. The nanocomposite cathode demonstrates superior performance in MLIBs compared to individual components (253 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, and 36% of capacity retention at 1,000 mA g−1), showcasing short ion transport paths and fast ion storage kinetics. This work represents a significant advancement in cathode material design for cost‐effective and safe MLIBs.
Accelerated Li Penetration and Crack Propagation Due to Mechanical Degradation of Sulfide‐Based Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Diaz Megan , Mohayman Zakariya , Shozib Imtiaz , Tu Howard Qingsong , Kushima Akihiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work presents quantitative investigations into the relationships between lithium dendrite growth in the defects of Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) solid electrolyte (SE), crack nucleation and propagation in the SE, and the associated mechanical forces driving these dendrites and cracks. Two different growth modes for lithium dendrites are identified by ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation: longitudinal cracking inside pores in the SE and lateral penetration along boundaries of the SE particles. These in situ TEM tests reveal that concentrated Li plating in a nano‐sized defect on the LPSCl surface will lead to the nucleation and propagation of cracks into the LPSCl under a stress much smaller than the expected mechanical strength of the LPSCl material. This unexpected mechanical degradation is caused by a reduction in the mechanical strength of LPSCl during electrochemical charge/discharge cycling, resulting from a disorder in the crystal structure of LPSCl as revealed by DFT simulations. Due to this mechanical degradation of LPSCl, the threshold force necessary to initiate crack growth is much lower than the previously expected force to drive dendrite growth.
Multiple RNA Rapid In Situ Imaging Based on Cas9 Code Key System
Authors: Hu Ruiwei , Yang Wei , Li Jia , Jiang Lanxin , Li Menghan , Zhang Mengxuan , Kang Yuexi , Cheng Xiaoxue , Zhu Shasha , Zhao Lina , He Wen , Guo Minghui , Ding Shijia , Wu Haiping , Cheng Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExisting RNA in situ imaging strategies mostly utilize parallel repetitive nucleic acid self‐assembly to achieve multiple analysis, with limitations of complicated systems and cumbersome steps. Here, a Cas9 code key system with key probe (KP) encoder and CRISPR/Cas9 signal exporter is developed. This system triggers T‐protospacer adjacent motif (T‐PAM structural transitions of multiple KP encoders to form coding products with uniform single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) target sequences as tandem nodes. Only single sgRNA/Cas9 complex is required to cleave multiple coding products, enabling efficient “many‐to‐one” tandem signaling, and non‐collateral cleavage activity‐dependent automatic signaling output through active introduction of mismatched bases. Compared with conventional parallel multiple signaling analysis model, the proposed system greatly simplifies reaction process and enhances detection efficiency. Further, a rapid multiple RNA in situ imaging system is developed by combining the Cas9 code key system with a T‐strand displacement amplification (T‐SDA) signal amplifier. The constructed system is applied to tumor cells and clinicopathology slices, generating clear multi‐mRNA imaging profiles in less than an hour with just one step. Therefore, this work provides reliable technical support for clinical tumor typing and molecular mechanism investigation.
Surfactant‐Free, Size‐Controllable, and Scalable Green Synthesis of ZIF‐8 Particles with Narrow Size Distribution by Tuning Key Reaction Parameters in Water Solvent
Authors: Kim Donggyun , Park Jinhyeon , Park Jisoo , Jang Jieun , Han Minsu , Lim Si‐Hyung , Ryu Du Yeol , You Jungmok , Zhu Wenkai , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kim Jeonghun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chemical/physical properties and reliable performance of nanoporous materials are strongly influenced by the particle size and corresponding distribution. Among many types of MOFs, ZIF‐8, is still widely used and many studies have been conducted to control the particle size and uniformity of ZIF‐8 using surfactants and organic solvents. However, the use of surfactants and organic solvents process is expensive and may cause environmental pollution. For the first time, in this paper, a surfactant‐free, size‐controllable, and scalable green synthesis method of ZIF‐8 particles is reported using four reaction parameters (temperature, concentration, pouring time, and reactant ratio) that affect the formation of nuclei and growth of ZIF‐8 crystals. The as‐synthesized ZIF‐8 nanoparticles show great uniformity and controllable particle sizes in the wide range of 147–915 nm. In addition, a 2 L large‐scale synthesis of ZIF‐8 with narrow size distribution is developed by finely tuned particle size in water without any additives. To demonstrate the efficient utilization of nanopores according to the particle size and size distribution, an adsorption test is conducted on the ZIF‐8 nanoparticles. This study will support the synthesis of size‐controlled ZIF‐8 with narrow size distribution and their composites for achieving high performance in the emerging applications.
Multifunctional Hydroxylamine‐O‐Sulfonic Acid as Additives for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Aziguli Haibibu , Lu Tao , Zhao Haiyang , Liu Menglong , Li Renjie , Wu Qiang , Liu Yuhang , Hou Juan 
Published: May 2024

Despite the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), defects in the devices continue to impede further improvements in power conversion efficiency and operational stability. In this work, the use of hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonic acid as a bifunctional molecule to enhance the performance of PSCs is described. Strong coordination exists between the sulfonic acid group and uncoordinated Pb2+ of perovskite, while the NH bond on amino group interacts with uncoordinated I−. Thus, due to the synergistic contribution of sulfonic acid group and amino groups, the high‐quality perovskite film with good crystallinity and low defect density is achieved. As a result, the optimal devices exhibit an enhanced efficiency of 23.33%, which is much higher than that of the control device (21.53%). Notably, the optimized target device exhibits excellent long‐term operational stability, retaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 480 h at 65 °C, over 93% after a continuous illumination test for 650 h, and over 96% after nearly 1400 h of air storage. In contrast, the control device demonstrates poorer stability. In these results, it is suggested that selecting a dual‐functional additive is a promising approach to enhance efficiency and maintain stability in PSCs.
Navigating socio‐emotional risk through comfort‐building in physics teacher professional development: A case study
Authors: Mahmood Maggie S. , Talafian Hamideh , Shafer Devyn , Kuo Eric , Lundsgaard Morten , Stelzer Tim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn teacher professional development (PD), grouping teachers with varying levels of experience can be a productive and empowering way to stimulate the exchange and co‐generation of content and pedagogical knowledge. However, less experienced teachers can face socio‐emotional risks when engaging in collaborative science content reasoning tasks with more experienced colleagues, and these risks may impact the collaborative experience of both parties and the learning environment in teacher PD. This exploratory case study examines the process of productively navigating socio‐emotional risks and interpersonal tensions encountered by a veteran and pre‐service physics teacher during one episode of discussing physics content. We use a single term, comfort‐building, to encapsulate discursive moves that result in increased feelings of comfort and safety by the participants. Comfort‐building includes moves that serve to mitigate social risk, ease tension, and avoid discomfort, as well as those geared toward finding common ground and co‐navigating challenges. These moves can carve out conversational space for teachers to more confidently face risks associated with being accountable to the physics content knowledge and engage in discipline‐based conversations more deeply. The presented case was followed by video‐stimulated individual interviews to determine how consciously the teachers connected their participation to explicit risk and comfort. This case study highlights an affective dimension for consideration in the continued study and facilitation of science teacher PD, especially programs that bring together teachers with a variety of backgrounds and skill sets.
Impact of anesthesia‐related genes on prognosis and tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Xu Xia , Hu Lihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), renowned for its bleak prognosis and high recurrence rates, necessitates innovative strategies for prognosis assessment and therapeutic intervention. In this pursuit, we systematically investigated the influence of anesthesia‐related genes (ANARGs) on HCC outcomes. Leveraging data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), our study scrutinized RNA sequencing data and clinical profiles from 374 HCC patients alongside 50 non‐tumor liver samples to unravel ANARG expression patterns and their clinical relevance. Employing consensus clustering, we segregated HCC samples into two distinct subtypes based on ANARG profiles, unveiling significant survival disparities between them. Further differential expression analysis pinpointed pivotal genes and pathways distinguishing these subtypes, notably implicating lipid metabolism and the MTOR signaling pathway in HCC pathogenesis. A prognostic model, comprising five key ANARGs (DAGLA, CYP26B, HAVCR, G6PD and AKR1B), exhibited robust predictive capability for patient outcomes, validated across independent patient cohorts. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis uncovered a nuanced interplay between ANARG expression and the tumor immune microenvironment, spotlighting variations in immune cell infiltration and function across the identified HCC subtypes. This comprehensive analysis underscores not only the prognostic significance of ANARGs in HCC but also their potential to modulate the tumor microenvironment, providing novel insights for tailoring anesthetic management and therapeutic strategies in HCC care. Our findings advocate for a more integrative approach to HCC management, amalgamating molecular profiling with traditional clinical parameters to refine patient stratification and personalize treatment strategies.
In Situ Observation of Collision Between Exogenous and Endogenous Inclusions on Steel Melts for Active Steel Filtration
Authors: Schröder Christina , Wei Xingwen , Fischer Undine , Schmidt Gert , Volkova Olena , Aneziris Christos G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvestigations at the high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope (HT-CLSM) allow observing the interaction of non-metallic particles in terms of potential filter material with endogenous particles of molten steel in the high-temperature range. The respective particle velocities are determined from the particle movements and conclusions are drawn about the attractive forces of the particles. The interactions of exogenous Al2O3 particles, MgO and MgAl2O4 spinel particles, and CA6 calcium aluminate particles with endogenous constituents of molten steel X15CrNiSi25-20 are analyzed in the present work. Accompanying experiments were performed in a heating microscope on the interaction between steel and MgO and steel and CA6. Scanning electron microscopy SEM/EDX/EBSD studies reveal not only the interactions of the non-metallic inclusions with each other, but also reactions of the molten steel with the exogenous particles that affect the agglomeration behavior. While exogenous and endogenous Al2O3 particles exhibit high attractive forces and almost no react with the molten steel, a liquid reaction layer forms around the magnesia particles, which leads to a reduction of the attractive forces. After dissolution of the reaction layer, the attractive forces increase. Spinel particles are surrounded by a strong meniscus in the observed steel melt. Endogenous particles moving toward the spinel do not adhere to the particle. Reactions were also observed when CA6 particles came into contact with molten steel. In this process, the calcium aluminate is depleted of calcium. Only loose connections of the exogenous Ca-depleted CA6 with endogenous Al2O3 particles have been detected.
Ceramic Filter Materials and Filter Structures with Active and Reactive Functional Pores for the Aluminum Melt Filtration
Authors: Voigt Claudia , Wetzig Tony , Hubálková Jana , Gehre Patrick , Brachhold Nora , Aneziris Christos G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe application of ceramic foam filters is state of the art in the casting of aluminum melt. Despite their industrial use since the 1960s, the filtration mechanisms are not fully understood. The Collaborative Research Center 920 investigated the influence of the filter surface chemistry and wetting between filter and melt on the filtration efficiency. The investigated filter surfaces based on Al2O3, MgAl2O4, 3Al2O3·2SiO2and TiO2 showed differences in the filtration efficiency and the wetting behavior whereby a good correlation for inclusions smaller than 110 µm was found–the larger the contact angle the higher the filtration efficiency. The results raised the question whether the intrinsic contact angle or the different roughness of the materials caused the changes in the filtration efficiency. A filtration trial at the Hydro pilot filtration line revealed a strong influence of the filter surface roughness on the filtration efficiency. A filter coated with Nano-Al2O3, with a divergent intrinsic contact angle compared to be Al2O3 reference filter, showed no improvement of the filtration behavior indicating no influence of the intrinsic contact angle on the filtration.
Numerical Simulation of Continuous Steel Casting Regarding the Enhancement of the Cleanliness of Molten Steel
Authors: Neumann Sebastian , Asad Amjad , Schwarze Rüdiger 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch results of this chapter show a great potential to improve inclusion removal from steel melts using active and reactive exchangeable filtration systems in steelmaking. This contribution investigates numerically the performance and the efficiency of the reactive cleaning and active filtration in continuous casting tundishes. For this purpose, a Euler–Lagrange model of the disperse two-phase flow of steel melt and non-metallic inclusions has been developed. Here, implicit large eddy simulations have been employed to resolve the large-scale turbulent structures in the tundish flows. By means of multiphase flow simulations, two prototype tundish configurations (laboratory one-strand tundish, industrial-scale two-strand tundish) were researched with alumina-coated, carbon-bonded ceramic foam hybrid filters. The research aimed the investigation of the effect of the filtration system, e.g. filter position, filter shapes and filter size on inclusion removal. The results of the numerical simulations indicated the high cleaning efficiencies obtained by using a reactive filter system, where reactively generated carbon monoxide bubbles carried a high amount of inclusions to the slag. Moreover, it was concluded from the results that the contribution of active filtration to inclusion removal by the deposition of inclusions on filter surfaces was neglectable compared to the contributions of reactive cleaning.
Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Filter Materials: A Raman and DFT Investigation
Authors: Kraus Jakob , Brehm Simon , Himcinschi Cameliu , Kortus Jens 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe contribution focuses on the accurate prediction of heat capacities for intermetallics, the estimation of reaction paths for coated and uncoated alumina foam filters in contact with metallic melts, and the investigation of thermally induced changes in various filters and filtercomponents. Density functional theory (DFT) was able to provide isobaric heat capacities for Al–Fe and Al–Fe-Si systems that outclassed the empirical Neumann–Kopp rule and matched the experimental values over a wide temperature range. Moreover, DFT calculations clarified that the formation of hercynite at the interface between alumina filters and steel melt was the result of a solid-state reaction involving high concentrations of FeO. Ex-situ Raman spectroscopy was used to compare carbon-bonded alumina filters using different bindersfrom Carbores®P to environmentally friendly lactose/tannin, as a function of heat treatment. For these carbon-bonded filters, the prominent D and G bands were used to confirm the existence of graphitization processes and determine the size of graphite clusters resulting from these processes. In order to investigate the pyrolysis processes occurring in selected binder constituents of the lactose/tannin filters, the evolution of Raman spectra with temperature was analyzed via in-situ measurements. Wherever it was appropriate, experimental Raman data were compared with DFT-simulated spectra. Further, Raman spectroscopy was used to study the thermally induced formation of metastable alumina, helping to understand the structural changes that take place during the transformation of boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) to corundum (α-Al2O3) via metastable transition phases: γ-Al2O3, δ-Al2O3, and θ-Al2O3.
Escaping the Routine: Virtual Escape Rooms in Online Hospitality Courses
Authors: Berezina Katerina , Ciftci Olena , Talebi Mahsa , Mahdavi Rasoul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVirtual escape rooms (VER) are online educational games that place learners in the scenario of being locked in a specified environment and require them to collect clues, answer questions, or solve puzzles in exchange for an escape code. This paper documents the process of designing a VER for an online hospitality course using Google Workspace tools (i.e., Google Sites, Slides, and Forms). The paper walks the readers through the VER design process, which includes identifying the purpose of creating a VER, creating a storyline, preparing clues (e.g., puzzles and activities for students to solve), setting up an escape code, and collecting student feedback. This process may be followed by online instructors to create VERs that will meet the needs of their courses. The same process may be applied when developing VERs in other environments (e.g., Microsoft products, mobile apps, or metaverse). Based on the feedback of 21 students who participated in the VER described in this paper, the experience was engaging, fun, enjoyable, and helped them learn and understand the class material. This paper may be useful for hospitality and tourism instructors, industry training professionals, and instructional designers.
Hospitality in the Cyborg Age: The Power of Brain-Computer Interfaces in a Field-Experiment
Authors: Kiess Alexander , Schmidt Alexander Lennart 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the emerging role of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) in the hospitality industry. BCI technology allows users to control devices with their thoughts, potentially transforming guest experiences. The study investigates how guests perceive BCI-enhanced experiences compared to traditional ones. Drawing from service and human-computer interaction literature, the paper conducts a quasi-field pre-study, where participants interact with a BCI-equipped waitress. Surprisingly, participants perceived the BCI-equipped waitress as superior and warmer, resulting in an improved service experience.The research contributes in two ways: it advances understanding of how people perceive BCI-augmented interactions in hospitality and explores the use of BCIs in addressing service failures, improving efficiency in handling customer complaints. The paper outlines plans for larger-scale field studies and online experiments across different hospitality contexts. This research offers insights into the evolving landscape of human-computer interaction in hospitality, with practical implications for the industry’s future.
Hot Topics in Travel Digital Transformation: A Swiss Perspective
Authors: Inversini Alessandro , Chen Meng-Mei , Keller Amélie , Schegg Roland 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advance of technologies has profoundly changed customers’ expectation and behaviors, as well as companies’ business processes and business models. Given the critical importance of digital transformation, surprisingly, there is scarce research documenting and sharing the knowledge, experience, and insights from digital transformation practitioners, especially in the tourism domain. This research aims to understand the perspectives and actions of Swiss tourism stakeholders in pursuing the digital transformation process. The research data was collected through interviews with tourism stakeholders. The interviews were analyzed through both theme identification and human synthesis. The findings are tourism stakeholders conduct digital transformation for better customer experiences, operation efficiency and profitability, and data collection for better management. Digital transformation needs technology as the tool and data as input and output while keeping in mind that all decisions should be customer-centric. The challenges include data ownership, various data formats, data analysis, and data sharing. Yet, stakeholders are optimistic about the future of digital transformation and willing to collaborate. Both technology and the right digital mindset are required to succeed in digital transformation. Technology can be used to save employees from repetitive tasks and focus on human interactions to create customer-centric experiences. Nevertheless, technology should never replace the human aspect of hospitality.