bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond CD34+ cell dose: impact of method of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell mobilization (granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor [G‐CSF], G‐CSF plus plerixafor, or cyclophosphamide G‐CSF/granulocyte‐macrophage [GM]‐CSF) on number of colony‐forming unit–GM, engraftment, and Day +100 hematopoietic graft function
Authors: Alexander Erin T. , Towery Jeanne A. , Miller Ashley N. , Kramer Cindy , Hogan Kathy R. , Squires Jerry E. , Stuart Robert K. , Costa Luciano J. 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND: The dose of CD34+ cells/kg in the mobilized peripheral blood product is the main determinant of neutrophil and platelet (PLT) engraftment after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Whether the method of mobilization, namely, granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) alone (G), G‐CSF plus plerixafor (G+P), or cyclophosphamide + G/granulocyte‐macrophage (GM)‐CSF (Cy+G/GM), independently affects number of colony‐forming unit (CFU)‐GM, engraftment, and hematopoietic graft function is unknown.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used a database of AHSCT patients with multiple myeloma or lymphoma to identify three groups with different mobilization strategies receiving transplantation with similar CD34+ cell doses. Groups were compared in terms of CFU‐GM, ratio of CFU‐GM/CD34+, engraftment of neutrophils and PLTs, and hematopoietic graft function on Day +100.RESULTS: Ninety‐six patients were included in the analysis, 26 G, 32 G+P, and 38 Cy+G/GM, with median cell doses of 4.21 × 106, 4.11 × 106, and 4.67 × 106 CD34+/kg, respectively (p = 0.433). There was no significant difference in number of CFU‐GM between the three groups; however, the ratio of CFU‐GM/CD34+ was significantly lower for G+P (p = 0.008). Median time for neutrophil engraftment was 13 days in G+P and 12 days in G and Cy+G/GM (p = 0.028), while PLT engraftment happened at a median of 14.5 days in G+P versus 12 days in G and 11 days in Cy+G/GM (p = 0.012). There was no difference in hematopoietic graft function at Day +100.CONCLUSION: Plerixafor‐based mobilization is associated with slightly reduced number of CFU‐GM and minimal delay in engraftment that is independent of CD34+ cell dose. Hematopoietic graft function on Day 100 is not affected by mobilization strategy.
Source Reliability and the Conjunction Fallacy
Authors: Jarvstad Andreas , Hahn Ulrike 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInformation generally comes from less than fully reliable sources. Rationality, it seems, requires that one take source reliability into account when reasoning on the basis of such information. Recently, Bovens and Hartmann (2003) proposed an account of the conjunction fallacy based on this idea. They show that, when statements in conjunction fallacy scenarios are perceived as coming from such sources, probability theory prescribes that the “fallacy” be committed in certain situations. Here, the empirical validity of their model was assessed. The model predicts that statements added to standard conjunction problems will change the incidence of the fallacy. It also predicts that statements from reliable sources should yield an increase in fallacy rates (relative to unreliable sources). Neither the former (Experiment 1) nor the latter prediction (Experiment 3) was confirmed, although Experiment 2 showed that people can derive source reliability estimates from the likelihood of statements in a manner consistent with the tested model. In line with the experimental results, model fits and sensitivity analyses also provided very little evidence in favor of the model. This suggests that Bovens and Hartmann’s present model fails to explain fully people’s judgements in standard conjunction fallacy tasks.
Demonstration of the accessory mental foramen using rotational panoramic radiography compared with cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Naitoh Munetaka , Yoshida Kazuhito , Nakahara Kino , Gotoh Kenichi , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: Rotational panoramic radiography is routinely used in dental practice. It has not been clarified, however, whether an accessory mental foramen can be demonstrated using this technique. The visibility of accessory mental foramina on rotational panoramic radiographs was compared with those on para‐panoramic images reconstructed from cone‐beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images.Materials and methods: A total of 365 patients (130 males and 235 females) were retrospectively analyzed. Para‐panoramic images were reconstructed from CBCT images with the accessory mental foramen/foramina using three‐dimensional visualization and measurement software, and then the accessory mental foramen on rotational panoramic images was compared with that on para‐panoramic images.Results: A total of 37 accessory mental foramina were observed in 28 patients on CBCT images. The rate of being able to visualize the accessory mental foramen or bony canal between the point of bifurcation from the mandibular canal and the accessory mental foramen on rotational panoramic radiographs was 48.6% (18 of 37 accessory mental foramina).Conclusion: Approximately half of the accessory mental foramina‐positive CBCT images demonstrated the accessory mental foramen, or bony canal between the point of bifurcation from the mandibular canal and accessory mental foramen on rotational panoramic radiographs.To cite this article:
Naitoh M, Yoshida K, Nakahara K, Gotoh K, Ariji E. Demonstration of accessory mental foramen using rotational panoramic radiography compared with cone‐beam computed tomography. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000–000.
The influence of margin location on the amount of undetected cement excess after delivery of cement‐retained implant restorations
Authors: Linkevicius Tomas , Vindasiute Egle , Puisys Algirdas , Peciuliene Vytaute 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of the residual cement excess after cementation and cleaning of implant‐supported restorations with various positions of the margins.Material and methods: Twenty‐five casts with embedded implant analogs and flexible soft‐tissue imitation were used in the study. Individual abutments with different position of the margin – from 1 mm supragingivally to 3 mm below the gingival level – were modelled and divided equally into five groups. The same amount of polished metal crowns was luted to prosthetic abutments, excess cement was cleaned and the restorations were removed for evaluation of the undetected cement remnants. All quadrants of each specimen were photographed for calculation of the ratio between the cement remnants area and the total specimen area using Adobe Photoshop. Afterwards, cement remnants were cleared from each specimen and weighed with analytical balances.Results: The measurements in all the groups consisted of (1) the relation between the cement remnants area and the total area of the specimen; and (2) cement excess weight in grams after cleaning: group 1 (0.0111 ± 0.021; 0.0003 ± 0.0001 g); group 2 (0.0165 ± 0.019; 0.0008 ± 0.0003 g); group 3 (0.0572 ± 0.028; 0.0013 ± 0.0005 g); group 4 (0.1158 ± 0.054; 0.0051 ± 0.0013 g); and group 5 (0.1171 ± 0.059; 0.0063 ± 0.0021 g). Results showed significant increase of undetected cement quantity, as the restoration margins were located deeper subgingivally, using weighting (P=0) and calculation of proportion (P=0). There was a significant correlation between evaluation techniques (r=0.889; P=0).Conclusions: The amount of residual cement after cleaning increased as the restoration margins were located more subgingivally.To cite this article:
Linkevicius T, Vindasiute E, Puisys A, Peciuliene, V. The influence of margin location on the amount of undetected cement excess after delivery of cement‐retained implant restorations. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000–000.
Human papillomaviruses in oral carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Syrjänen S , Lodi G , von Bültzingslöwen I , Aliko A , Arduino P , Campisi G , Challacombe S , Ficarra G , Flaitz C , Zhou HM , Maeda H , Miller C , Jontell M 
Published: March 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17 (Suppl. 1), 58–72Objectives:  Human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is controversial. The primary aim was to calculate pooled risk estimates for the association of HPV with OSCC and OPMD when compared with healthy oral mucosa as controls. We also examined the effects of sampling techniques on HPV detection rates.Methods:  Systematic review was performed using PubMed (January 1966–September 2010) and EMBASE (January 1990–September 2010). Eligible studies included randomized controlled, cohort and cross‐sectional studies. Pooled data were analysed by calculating odds ratios, using a random effects model. Risk of bias was based on characteristics of study group, appropriateness of the control group and prospective design.Results:  Of the 1121 publications identified, 39 cross‐sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. Collectively, 1885 cases and 2248 controls of OSCC and 956 cases and 675 controls of OPMD were available for analysis. Significant association was found between pooled HPV‐DNA detection and OSCC (OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 2.62–6.02) and even for HPV16 only (OR = 3.86; 95% CI: 2.16–6.86). HPV was also associated with OPMD (OR = 3.87; 95% CI: 2.87–5.21). In a subgroup analysis of OPMD, HPV was also associated with oral leukoplakia (OR = 4.03; 95% CI: 2.34–6.92), oral lichen planus (OR = 5.12; 95% CI: 2.40–10.93), and epithelial dysplasia (OR = 5.10; 95% CI: 2.03–12.80).Conclusions:  The results suggest a potentially important causal association between HPV and OSCC and OPMD.
Intra-Abdominal Reservoir Placement During Penile Prosthesis Surgery in Post-Robotically Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Patients: A Case Report and Practical Considerations
Authors: Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein , Munarriz Ricardo , Shah Neel 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) provides decreased surgical morbidity and faster recovery for patients, but has not significantly changed the incidence of erectile dysfunction and many post RALP patients may require penile prosthesis surgery.

Aim
To make physicians aware of the anatomical changes after RALP in comparison to traditional retropubic radical prostatectomy and to make suggestions for safer reservoir placement.

Main Outcome Measures
Reservoir location after RALP.

Methods
A 68 year-old patient with severe vasculogenic ED refractory to pharmacologic management following RALP underwent a 3-piece penile prosthesis insertion surgery and laparoscopic right lower abdominal hernia repair. Laparoscopy revealed an intraperitoneal reservoir that was overlying the sigmoid colon with multiple diverticula. The reservoir was laparoscopically repositioned in the dependent pelvis away from the diverticula and the pelvic vessels.

Results
The patient's postoperative course was uneventful without any postoperative complications (2 year follow up).

Conclusions
The altered anatomy of the space of Retzius following RALP will likely result in significantly more cases of inadvertent intraperitoneal reservoir placement. Surgeons performing inflatable penile prosthesis surgery should be aware of these anatomical changes and prepared to consider ectopic reservoir placement when necessary.
Stable Isotope Ecology of Extant Tapirs from the Americas
Authors: DeSantis Larisa G. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the ecology of modern and ancient forests can help clarify the evolution of forest dwelling mammals. It is first necessary, however, to elucidate the source and extent of stable isotope variation in forest taxa. Tapirs are of particular interest because they are model organisms for identifying forest environments due to their highly conservative diet and habitat preferences. Here, stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of extant tapirs are quantified to test hypotheses regarding ontogenetic diet shifts, stable isotope variation at the population level, and relationships between stable isotopes and climatic variables. A population of extant tapirs (Tapirus bairdii) demonstrates low δ13C variation (∼2–3‰) and increased δ13C values in late erupting teeth, indicating that juveniles consume 13C deplete milk and/or browse in denser forests. Disparate δ18O values of late erupting teeth are instead reflecting seasonal variation. Extant tapir (T. bairdii, Tapirus pinchaque, Tapirus terrestris) δ18O values are constrained by climatic and geographic variables. Most notably, δ18O values of T. bairdii decrease with decreasing precipitation frequency. Tapirus terrestris is typically present in areas with greater precipitation than T. bairdii and δ18O values instead positively correlate with δ13C values. These data indicate that tapirs in wetter areas are getting a larger proportion of their water from leaves experiencing less evaporation in denser canopies, while T. bairdii is interpreted to increase its consumption of water via drinking when present in drier areas. An understanding of extant tapir stable isotope ecology improves ecological interpretations of these elusive mammals both today and in the past.Abstract in Spanish is available at http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp.
How are Work–Family Policies Related to the Gendered Division of Domestic Labor?
Authors: Estes Sarah Beth 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWork–family policies are commonly thought to aid parents in attending to their conflicting work and family responsibilities. Some scholars postulate that policies might detract from the gendered division of domestic labor, in which women take a greater responsibility for housework and childcare than men, while others expect that policies encourage women to maintain traditional family roles even while employed. A review of cross‐national research in market economies shows that policies are not uniformly related to the gendered division of domestic labor, although parental leave offers the most promising avenue through which the gendered division of domestic labor may be diminished.
Examining Race and Sex Inequality in Recidivism
Authors: Wehrman Michael M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA low recidivism rate is a goal for any criminal justice system. Poor post‐release outcomes are not random events, however. Some groups are more likely than others to recidivate. This paper will review the literature on inequality in recidivism rates, concentrating on the effects of race and sex. The probability of recidivating is not a randomly distributed event; men are more likely than women to recidivate, and Blacks more likely than Whites, with Hispanics in between. This paper will also address some of the promises (and challenges) that researchers face when trying to identify the causes of race and sex gaps in recidivism rates. This paper will end with recommendations for how to study inequality in recidivism in the future, with the key being to identify the social mechanisms that underlie these consistently unequal outcomes of our corrections system.
Response of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides to iron limitation and the role of a Fur orthologue in this response
Authors: Peuser Verena , Metz Sebastian , Klug Gabriele 
Published: March 2011

SummaryWe studied the response of the photosynthetic alpha‐proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides to iron limitation in order to get first insights into the underlying mechanisms and the link between iron metabolism and oxidative stress. Our data reveal the production of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species upon iron limitation, nevertheless the response to iron limitation shows clear differences to the oxidative stress response of R. sphaeroides. While most genes of the oxidative stress response were not induced by iron limitation, we observed an upregulation of the alternative sigma factor RpoE, which has a main role in the regulation of the defence to singlet oxygen. Deletion of the Fur orthologue RSP_2494, which was designated Mur as a result of a proposed regulatory role in manganese metabolism, revealed that this protein is involved in regulation of the iron metabolism in R. sphaeroides. One predicted target of Fur/Mur is the sit operon encoding a Mn2+/Fe2+ transport system. The basal level of sitA was higher in a fur/mur deletion strain compared with the wild type, which is in agreement with a repressor function of the Fur/Mur protein. In addition, we could also demonstrate a function of the Fur/Mur protein in manganese homeostasis.
The impact of prison staff responses on self‐harming behaviours: Prisoners’ perspectives
Authors: Marzano Lisa , Ciclitira Karen , Adler Joanna 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. To further understanding of how health and correctional staff responses to self‐harming behaviours influence prisoners and their subsequent actions.Design. Participant‐centred, qualitative methods were used to explore the complex and under‐researched perspectives of self‐harming male prisoners.Method. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 adult male prisoners who had engaged in repetitive, non‐suicidal self‐harm during their current prison sentence, or considered doing so. The interviews were analyzed drawing on principles of thematic analysis and discourse analysis.Results. With some exceptions, prison officers, nurses, and doctors are portrayed by prisoners as being ill‐prepared to deal with repetitive self‐harm, often displaying actively hostile attitudes and behaviours.Conclusions. These findings underscore the need for appropriate training, support and supervision for staff working with self‐harming prisoners.
The importance of coping appraisal in behavioural responses to pandemic flu
Authors: Teasdale Emma , Yardley Lucy , Schlotz Wolff , Michie Susan 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. Behavioural responses to influenza pandemics can significantly influence the impact on public health. Protection motivation theory (PMT) provides a framework for understanding how people respond to health threats such as pandemics. The main aim of this study was to model the relative contribution of the components of PMT (threat and coping appraisal) to intentions to perform two behaviours recommended by the UK government in a pandemic: stay at home when ill and keep going to work when well.Design. A 2×2 factorial design was used to test the effect of scenarios describing pandemic severity (low vs. high threat) and advice messages (standard government advice vs. theory‐based advice) on measures of threat and coping appraisal, and intentions to carry out the two recommended behaviours.Methods. A web‐based survey designed to assess threat appraisal, coping appraisal, and behavioural intentions was completed by 883 adults (December 2009–January 2010) drawn from University College London staff and the local community. Structural equation modelling was used to test the PMT framework.Results. Perceived pandemic severity influenced threat and coping appraisals and intentions. Structural equation modelling revealed that coping appraisal (i.e., perceptions of the costs, benefits, and feasibility of the recommended behaviours) was the principal predictor of variability in intentions for both behaviours and for both pandemic scenarios.Conclusions. Coping appraisals appear to be an important, and hitherto underresearched, predictor of how people may behave in pandemics, and our findings provide encouraging preliminary evidence that it may be possible to change these perceptions.
Role of Cathepsin A and Lysosomes in the Intracellular Activation of Novel Antipapillomavirus Agent GS-9191
Authors: Birkus Gabriel , Kutty Nilima , Frey Christian R. , Shribata Riri , Chou Tsuifen , Wagner Carston , McDermott Martin , Cihlar Tomas 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

GS-9191, a bis-amidate prodrug of the nucleotide analog 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-N
6
-cyclopropyl-2,6-diaminopurine (cPrPMEDAP), was designed as a topical agent for the treatment of papillomavirus-associated proliferative disorders, such as genital warts. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of conversion of GS-9191 to cPrPMEDAP. We observed that GS-9191 is hydrolyzed in the presence of the lysosomal carboxypeptidase cathepsin A (CatA)
in vitro
and is less efficiently metabolized in CatA-deficient fibroblasts than in control cells. In addition, knockdown of CatA by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the intracellular accumulation of GS-9191 metabolites. However, intracellular CatA levels did not correlate with the susceptibility of tested cell lines to GS-9191, indicating that the CatA step is unlikely to be rate limiting for the activation of GS-9191. Further analysis showed that upon the hydrolysis of the carboxylester bond in one of the GS-9191 amidate moieties, the unmasked carboxyl group displaces
l
-phenylalanine 2-methylpropyl ester from the other amidate moiety. The cPrPMEDAP–
l
-phenylalanine conjugate (cPrPMEDAP-Phe) formed is not metabolized by Hint1 (histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1) phosphoramidase but undergoes spontaneous degradation to cPrPMEDAP in acidic pH that can be significantly enhanced by the addition of SiHa cell extract. Pretreatment of SiHa cells with bafilomycin A or chloroquine resulted in an 8-fold increase in the intracellular concentration of cPrPMEDAP-Phe metabolite and the accumulation of GS-9191 metabolites in the lysosomal/endosomal fraction. Together, these observations indicate that the conversion of GS-9191 to cPrPMEDAP occurs in lysosomes via CatA-mediated ester cleavage, followed by the release of cPrPMEDAP, most likely through the combination of enzyme-driven and spontaneous pH-driven hydrolysis of a cPrPMEDAP-Phe intermediate.
Noninvasive Molecular Diagnosis of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Vaish Manisha , Mehrotra Sanjana , Chakravarty Jaya , Sundar Shyam 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Previously developed methods for noninvasive PCR diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have significant limitations. Diagnosis of VL using PCR and buccal swabs was evaluated in 307 subjects, including 148 patients confirmed to have VL. This method is simple and well tolerated and has good potential for development, showing 83% sensitivity with 90.56% specificity in control groups.