bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stop the escalation before it begins by using the pediatric Behavior Response Team protocol
Authors: Adkins‐Bley Karen , Shaw Barbara K. , Smith Josh , McMyler Eileen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn today's world, clinicians need to be prepared to care for challenging patients and families that are struggling with the stress of illness and hospitalization and have inadequate coping skills. The University of Michigan Health System (UMHS) has developed a protocol identifying a team with representatives from psychiatry, security, and risk management to provide a rapid response in situations that historically have resulted in, at worst, sentinel/adverse events and at best, service disasters.The pediatric BRT protocol formalizes the purpose of the team, how staff should access them, and the expectation for involved staff to debrief about the interventions at identified times. It has proven to be an effective intervention and allows clinicians to provide needed care to the patients.
Disclosure and documentation of reported unanticipated medical events or outcomes: Need for healthcare provider education
Authors: Singh Vinita , Cunningham Christopher J. L. , Panda Mukta , Hetzler Dale C. , Stanley Daniel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn 2001 the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations added “requirement to disclose unanticipated outcomes” to accreditation standards. Full disclosure increases patient satisfaction and trust in physicians. Though studies suggest elements of complete disclosure, there are no national standards.
The A to Z of healthcare data breaches
Authors: Kobus III Theodore J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThere currently exists a myriad of privacy laws that impact a healthcare entity, including more than 47 notification laws that require notification when a data breach occurs, as well as the breach notification requirements of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act. Given the plethora of issues a healthcare entity faces, there are certain principles that can be built into an organization's philosophy that will comply with the law and help protect it from reputational harm.
Patterns of covariation in the masticatory apparatus of hystricognathous rodents: Implications for evolution and diversification
Authors: Hautier Lionel , Lebrun Renaud , Cox Philip G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe mammalian masticatory apparatus is a highly plastic region of the skull. In this study, a quantification of shape variation, the separation of phylogeny from ecology in the genesis of shape brings new insights on the relationships between morphological changes in the cranium, mandible, and muscle architecture. Our study focuses on the Ctenohystrica, a clade that is remarkably diverse and exemplifies a rich evolutionary history in the Old and New World. Current and past rodent diversity brings out the limitations of the qualitative descriptive approach and highlights the need for using integrative quantitative methods. We present here the first descriptive comparison of the whole masticatory apparatus within the Ctenohystrica, by combining geometric morphometric approaches with a noninvasive method of dissection in 3D, iodine‐enhanced microcomputed tomography. We used these methods to explore the patterns of covariation between the cranium and the mandible, and the interspecific morphological variation of the skull with regard to several factors such as phylogeny, activity period, type of habitat, and diet. Our study revealed strong phylogenetic and ecological imprints on the morphological traits associated with masticatory mechanics. We showed that, despite a high diversification of lineages, the evolutionary history of Ctenohystrica comprises only a small number of morphotypes for the skull and mandible. The position of the eye was suggested as a key factor determining morphological evolution of the masticatory apparatus by limiting the number of possible pathways and promoting convergent evolution toward new habitats and diets between different clades. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incidence of occult cervical metastasis in head and neck carcinomas: Development over time
Authors: Psychogios Georgios , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Bohr Christopher , Koch Michael , Zenk Johannes , Iro Heinrich 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundWith the development of imaging techniques in diagnostics of head and neck carcinomas, especially computed tomography and ultrasonogaphy, one might expect that the incidence of occult metastases would be reduced. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of occult metastases in a large population cohort and explore its changes with improvement of imaging techniques over the last 30 years.MethodsAll patients between 1980 and 2010 with head and neck carcinoma and cN0 neck status were retrospectively evaluated. Six hundred thirty‐six patients with cN0 neck who received an elective neck dissection as part of a definitive surgical treatment were included.ResultsThe overall rate of occult metastases was 24.8% (158/636). The rate was 26.5% (80/302) between 1980 and 1995 and 23.4% (78/334) between 1995 and 2010. Only pT1–2 glottic carcinomas had an occult metastases rate of less than 10%. All other pT1–2 carcinomas had an incidence of occult metastases between 19.1% and 42.5%. pT3–4 tumors showed an occult metastases rate of 24.5–53.3%.ConclusionThe occult metastases rate showed only a marginal improvement over the last 30 years and is still above the 20% margin. All but pT1–2 glottic carcinomas should be considered for elective treatment of the neck. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:384–387. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sorafenib reduces hepatic infiltrated regulatory T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma patients by suppressing TGF‐beta signal
Authors: Wang Quanrongzi , Yu Tongfu , Yuan Yifeng , Zhuang Haiwen , Wang Zhaojing , Liu Xisheng , Feng Min 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSorafenib has been shown to improve survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients significantly. Decline of tumor infiltrated regulatory T cells (TITs) may account for the activity of sorafenib partially. In this study, the underlying mechanism of sorafenib reducing TITs was investigated.MethodsTumor infiltrated mononuclear cells (TIMs), which were isolated form 19 HCC patients with or without sorafenib therapy, were analyzed by flow cytometry. TGF‐β signal pathways were analyzed by immunoblotting. In vitro test, naïve T cells were induced to regulatory T cells (Tregs) with or without sorafenib. After 3 days of culture, percentage of Tregs from CD4+ cells and TGF‐β signal pathways were analyzed. Meanwhile, TIMs from HCC patients without sorafenib treatment were cultured in the presence of sorafenib, and then the percentage of Foxp3 expressing cells from TIMs was analyzed.ResultsTITs were increased in HCC patients compared with controls. However, after sorafenib therapy, TITs were decreased significantly and TGF‐β signal pathways were down‐regulated. Additionally, in the presence of sorafenib, induction of Tregs was inhibited and TGF‐β signal pathways in resulting cells were down‐regulated. However, sorafenib treatment did not affect the percentage of Foxp3 expressing cells from TIMs in vitro.ConclusionsSorafenib reducing TITs in HCC patients are associated with down‐regulation of TGF‐β signal. This finding may help us for better understanding the activity of sorafenib in HCC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:422–427. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peritraumatic and persistent dissociation as predictors of PTSD symptoms in a female cohort
Authors: Werner Kimberly B. , Griffin Michael G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecent research has investigated peritraumatic and persistent dissociation as a possible predictive factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study aimed to add to this literature by examining dissociative responses in female assault survivors (N = 92 at initial assessment; n = 62 at follow‐up). Dissociative symptoms experienced at 3 time points were assessed: peritraumatic dissociation (PD), persistent dissociation–initial (M = 28.2 days posttrauma) and follow‐up (M = 224.9 days posttrauma), as well as initial and follow‐up PTSD symptoms. We hypothesized that PD and persistent dissociative symptoms would predict chronic PTSD symptoms at the follow‐up assessment with initial PTSD symptoms and assault type in the model. Hierarchical regression resulted in a significant model predicting 39% of the variance in follow‐up PTSD symptom scores (p < .001). Both peritraumatic and follow‐up persistent dissociative symptoms significantly and uniquely added to the variance explained in follow‐up PTSD symptom score contributing 4% (p = .05) and 8% (p = .008) of the variance, respectively. Results support the predictive value of peritraumatic and persistent dissociative symptoms, and the findings suggest that persistent dissociation may contribute to the development and continuation of PTSD symptoms. We discuss the implications for assessment and possible treatment of PTSD as well as future directions.
PTSD and depression following armed robbery: Patterns of appearance and impact on absenteeism and use of health care services
Authors: Belleville Geneviève , Marchand André , St‐Hilaire Marie‐Hélène , Martin Mélissa , Silva Cidalia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractArmed robbery is a sudden, life‐threatening event affecting the victims' mental health. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in this population have rarely been studied. The objectives of the study were to assess the occurrence of PTSD and MDD in victims of armed robbery, and to evaluate occupational functioning and use of health care services. Eighty‐six convenience store employees, victims of armed robbery, were evaluated within days after the robbery, and 1 and 3 months after. A validated diagnostic interview (SCID‐I) was used. Data about sick leave, absenteeism, and use of health care services were collected. The total number of individuals who had PTSD, MDD, or both at any time during the 3 months following the robbery was 1 (2%), 4 (6%), and 5 (8%), respectively, showing that comorbid PTSD–MDD is as frequent as or even more frequent than either disorder in isolation. Individuals with PTSD (with or without comorbid MDD) reported more absenteeism (η2p = .25) and more medical visits (η2p = .12) following the robbery. Clinicians and management resources personnel must be alert to the possibility that both PTSD and MDD, either alone or comorbid, can develop in victims of armed robbery.
Mercury in waterfowl from a contaminated river in Virginia
Authors: Cristol Daniel A. , Savoy Lucas , Evers David C. , Perkins Christopher , Taylor Robert , Varian‐Ramos Claire W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMany bodies of water around the world are contaminated with mercury from historic industrial and mining activities or ongoing atmospheric deposition, resulting in numerous fish consumption advisories. However, concerns about mercury have only rarely led to consumption advisories on waterfowl. In contrast with fish, waterfowl frequently disperse long distances to new watersheds, so hunters and wildlife managers do not know whether waterfowl at a pristine site have spent time at a contaminated site elsewhere. We sampled tissue mercury concentrations of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) at a site contaminated with mercury, during the breeding and hunting seasons. We found that many mallards had bioaccumulated mercury to levels that had the potential to produce reproductive effects and exceeded consumption advisories set for fish by regulatory agencies, whereas this was true for only a few wood ducks and Canada geese. We also documented that mercury‐exposed waterfowl from this contaminated site were harvested by hunters as far as 1,054 km away. Our results suggest the need for more proactive sampling of waterfowl for mercury, and likely other bioaccumulating contaminants, in order to allow hunters to make more informed choices about consumption of their harvest. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Quantifying carnivory by grizzly bears in a multi‐ungulate system
Authors: Milakovic Brian , Parker Katherine L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGrizzly bears (Ursus arctos) cohabit landscapes with a diversity of ungulates, but the degree to which grizzly bears are carnivorous is unclear and likely varies across landscapes. We used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to infer seasonal diets of grizzly bears in northern British Columbia while studying predator–prey dynamics in a largely undisturbed system. We found high seasonal variation in diets among individuals; males consumed more ungulate prey than did females throughout the year. In fall, both sexes increased their consumption of prey; large ungulates constituted 51% and 32% of the fall diets of males and females, respectively. This increase in carnivory appeared to be primarily associated with consumption of elk (Cervus elaphus). Estimates of prey proportions in the diets of grizzly bears were highly sensitive to the range of tissue to diet discrimination values that were incorporated in isotope models. Small changes in discrimination values resulted in estimated prey intakes that varied more than threefold as a percentage of the diet depending on sex and season. We caution against using standard discrimination values, and we recommend that diet reconstructions using stable isotopes be based on tissue‐specific values that would be appropriate for the species of interest. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Nest success and cause‐specific nest failure of grassland passerines breeding in prairie grazed by livestock
Authors: Johnson Tracey N. , Kennedy Patricia L. , Etterson Matthew A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLivestock grazing is a widespread source of habitat modification, and may affect populations of ground‐nesting grassland birds by influencing rates of nest failure. Nesting attempts can fail for various reasons, and determining risk of failure from specific causes associated with livestock grazing would enhance development of range management practices in areas managed for threatened grassland bird populations. Domestic livestock may influence nest failure by affecting vegetation structure, numerical or functional responses of predators, or directly by trampling nests. We hypothesized stocking rate may influence nest fate because it affects the amount and distribution of remaining vegetation, and the number of large herbivores to which nests are exposed. In 2007 and 2008, we evaluated nest fates for savannah sparrows and horned larks under 4 stocking rates experimentally applied in 40‐ha paddocks in northeastern Oregon, USA. In addition to stocking rate, we evaluated variables such as vegetation structure and predator abundance and activity to help clarify mechanisms responsible for nest failure. We used a discrete competing risks framework to estimate daily probability of nest survival and failure from specific causes. These algorithms, implemented in a stand‐alone graphical user interface‐driven model, allow incorporation of covariates within an information theoretic approach to model inference. Although stocking rate influenced vegetation structure, the only nest failures related to stocking rate were from trampling. Trampling events were too infrequent to test for treatment effects (only 1 nest of each species), but occurred in the moderate and high stocking treatments. Additional variables were related to variation in nest failure from predation, but we found no support for the hypothesis that these causes of failure were affected by stocking rate. For savannah sparrows, daily probability of nest success (95% CI) = 0.97 (0.96–0.98); predation = 0.018 (0.008–0.028); and trampling = 0.001 (0.000–0.004). For horned larks, daily probability of nest success = 0.96 (0.95–0.98); predation = 0.029 (0.012–0.045); and trampling = 0.003 (0.000–0.007). Our results suggest grasslands managed for livestock may generally be compatible with grassland songbird conservation, at least for the species and stocking rates examined here. The most effective conservation strategies for improving nest success will involve decreasing risk of nest predation. However, we found no evidence that management of stocking rate is an effective method for doing so. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Controlled Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Substituted Episulfides for Side‐Chain Functional Polysulfide‐Based Amphiphiles
Authors: Kuhlmann Matthias , Singh Smriti , Groll Jürgen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe used initiation solutions of DBU and different thiols for the controlled ring‐opening homo‐ and copolymerization of ethoxy ethyl thio glycidyl ether (EETGE) and allyl thio glycidyl ether (ATGE) to side‐chain multifunctional polysulfides. Optimized preparation conditions allow the syntheses of monomodal homopolysulfides and monomodal polysulfide‐block‐mPEG copolymers. Furthermore, copolymers of EETGE and mPEG are firstly synthesized, characterized, and finally deprotected to yield intact poly(thio glycidol)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers. These amphiphiles are suitable to form particles in aqueous solutions as confirmed by DLS and cryo‐SEM measurements.
Monodisperse Poly(lactide‐co‐glycolic acid)‐Based Nanocarriers for Gene Transfection
Authors: Byeon Jeong Hoon , Kim Hee‐Kwon , Roberts Jeffrey T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis contribution describes a simple, aerosol‐based method for fabricating monodisperse particles containing mixtures of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolic acid) [PLGA], protamine sulfate (Prot), and poly(l‐lysine) [PLL] as nanocarriers for gene transfection. Aqueous solutions of PLGA, Prot, and PLL were collison‐atomized, and the resulting aerosolized droplets were dried “on the fly” to form solid particles, which then were electrostatically size‐classified into 50, 100, and 200 nm mobility diameter samples. Measurements of cell viability and transfection reveal that the fabricated nanocarriers have a lower cytotoxicity (>85% in cell viability) and a higher transfection efficiency [>8.7 × 105 in relative light units (RLU) mg−1] than does 25 kDa polyethyleneimine (≈50% and 6.8 × 105 RLU mg−1).
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 40)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm , Dunlop Ewan D. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January 2012 are reviewed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parental refusal to consent for evaluation: A legal analysis with implications for school psychologists
Authors: Etscheidt Susan , Clopton Kerri , Haselhuhn Charlotte 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe decision to begin the process for special education eligibility has complexities impacting children, parents, teachers, and schools. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) eligibility provisions specify the need to obtain consent prior to evaluation and options when consent cannot be obtained. School psychologists may encounter parents who are reluctant to provide consent or parents who may seek to condition their permission. The reasons for parent refusal to consent to evaluation are analyzed in a review of administrative and judicial decisions published in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Law Report between 2004 and 2008. Possible parent reactions to the request for evaluation are discussed, and guidelines for school psychologists encountering reluctant parents are provided. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful use of bronchoscopic lung insufflation to treat left lung atelectasis
Authors: Abu‐Hasan Mutasim N. , Chesrown Sarah E. , Jantz Michael A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe report first use of bronchoscopic lung insufflation in a child to treat acute left lung collapse. The patient is a 6‐year old male asthmatic who was hospitalized with a 2‐day history of cough, chest pain, and abdominal pain. He was tachypneic and hypoxemic on room air. Chest exam revealed diminished breath sounds on the left side. Chest X‐ray and Chest CT showed complete left lung collapse. He underwent bronchoscopic lung insufflation procedure by injecting total of 200 ml air via flexible bronchoscope in the left upper lobe using 50cc syringe aliquots followed by similar injection of 200 ml of air in left lower lobe. After air insufflations, 6 ml of bovine surfactant (calfactant) were instilled in each lobe. Chest fluoroscopy was done immediately after procedure and showed expansion of entire left lung with no pneumothorax. The procedure was well tolerated. The patient's symptoms and hypoxemia resolved soon after procedure. However, left lower lobe atelectasis recurred next day and persisted for 6 days despite treatments with chest physical therapy, systemic steroids, oral azithromycin, nebulized dornase alpha, and endoscopic removal of secretions from left lower lobe. Bronchoscopic insufflation of left lower lobe was repeated resulting in immediate expansion of that lobe as demonstrated by intraoperative fluoroscopy. The patient was discharged home next day. This case suggests that brochoscopic lung insufflation can be safe and effective in treating acute lung collapse and in treating atelectasis which is refractory to conventional therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:306–309. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vitamin A deficiency alters airway resistance in children with acute upper respiratory infection
Authors: Amaral Cleia T. , Pontes Núbia N. , Maciel Bruna L.L. , Bezerra Hugo S.M. , Triesta Ana Nataly A.B. , Jeronimo Selma M.B. , McGowan Stephen E. , Dantas Vera M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether vitamin A deficiency alters the recovery of total respiratory resistance (TRR) following acute upper respiratory tract infection (URI).MethodsThis is a case control study of children, age 4–6 years and grouped as: URI, (n = 74), URI and wheezing, (URI‐wheezing, n = 52), and healthy controls (n = 51). Vitamin A and total respiratory resistance (TRR) were assessed using the modified relative dose response (MRDR) and forced oscillometry, respectively.ResultsChildren with URI and URI‐wheezing had lower retinol, 32.4 ± 13.12 and 18.3 ± 6.83 µg/dl respectively, compared to controls, 56.9 ± 29.82 µg/dl (ANOVA, P < 0.001). The MRDR was elevated in children in the URI or URI‐wheezing groups 0.066 ± 0.045 and 0.021 ± 0.021, respectively, compared to controls 0.007 ± 0.006 (ANOVA, P < 0.0001). The TRR in the URI and URI‐wheezing groups differed from controls. During convalescence, the TRR failed to decline in the URI‐group only when the MRDR was >0.06. In the URI‐wheezing group, TRR declined independently of retinol and MRDR.ConclusionVitamin A contributes to preservation of airway function during and in recovery after upper respiratory infection in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:481–489. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.