bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticide resistance in field populations of Asian citrus psyllid in Florida
Authors: Tiwari Siddharth , Mann Rajinder S , Rogers Michael E , Stelinski Lukasz L 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, is a major pest of citrus because it vectors the putative causal agent of huanglongbing disease. Insecticides are currently the basis of psyllid management programs, and the number of annual insecticide applications has increased significantly. In this paper, a series of investigations of insecticide resistance among field populations of adult and immature ACP in Florida is described.RESULTS: In 2009, the highest level of resistance for adult ACP, as compared with the laboratory susceptible (LS) population, was found with imidacloprid with an LD50 resistance ratio (RR50) of 35 in one population. This was followed by chlorpyriphos (RR50 = 17.9, 13.3, 11.8 and 6.9), thiamethoxam (RR50 = 15 and 13), malathion (RR50 = 5.4 and 5.0) and fenpropathrin (RR50 = 4.8). In 2010, mortality of adults from all five sites sampled was lower than with the LS population at three diagnostic concentrations of each insecticide tested. Among nymph populations, indications of resistance were observed with carbaryl (RR50 = 2.9), chlorpyriphos (RR50 = 3.2), imidacloprid (RR50 = 2.3 and 3.9) and spinetoram (RR50 = 4.8 and 5.9). General esterase, glutathione S‐transferase and monooxygenase levels were also elevated in field‐collected adult and nymph ACP as compared with the LS population.CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that varying levels of insecticide susceptibility exist in ACP populations across the citrus‐growing areas of Florida. Increased levels of detoxifying enzymes in these populations may partially explain these differences. The present results indicate that insecticide resistance may become an emerging problem for ACP control if effective resistance management is not practiced. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
F2 screening for resistance to pyramided Bacillus thuringiensis maize in Louisiana and Mississippi populations of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Huang Fangneng , Ghimire Mukti N , Leonard Billy R , Wang Jing , Daves Chris , Levy Ronnie , Cook Don , Head Graham P , Yang Yunlong , Temple Josh , Ferguson Rob 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: In the mid‐southern region of the United States, sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), is a major target pest of transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins. Novel transgenic maize technologies containing two or more pyramided Bt genes for controlling lepidopteran pests have recently become commercially available. Insect resistance management (IRM) is an important issue in the sustainable use of Bt crop technologies. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of resistance alleles in field populations of D. saccharalis to the new pyramided Bt maize technologies.RESULTS: A total of 382 F2 family lines derived from 735 feral larvae/pupae of D. saccharalis collected from six locations in Louisiana and Mississippi during 2008 and 2009 were screened for resistance to three new Bt maize technologies: MON 89034, Genuity™ VT Triple Pro™ and SmartStax™. None of the 382 F2 isoline families survived on the Bt maize leaf tissue for ≥ 12 days in the F2 screen. The joint frequency for two‐ or three‐gene resistance models with 95% probability in these populations was estimated to be < 0.0063 to MON 89034 and < 0.003 to VT Triple Pro™ and SmartStax™.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the resistance allele frequency in D. saccharalis to the three pyramided Bt maize technologies is low in the mid‐southern region of the United States, which should meet the rare resistance assumption of the currently used IRM strategy for Bt maize. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of semiochemical attractants for monitoring bean seed beetle, Bruchus rufimanus
Authors: Bruce Toby JA , Martin Janet L , Smart Lesley E , Pickett John A 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bruchus rufimanus is a serious pest of field beans. The objective here was to develop a semiochemical‐baited trapping system to facilitate monitoring of the pest.RESULTS: Volatile compounds that were electrophysiologically active with the antennae of B. rufimanus females were identified from headspace samples of Vicia faba flowers and from male B. rufimanus. Selected headspace samples and synthetic compounds were tested in olfactometer bioassays. The semiochemicals were then formulated in lures for traps and evaluated in a field trapping experiment. Cone traps baited with a three‐component blend of floral volatiles, releasing (R)‐linalool (17.7 mg day−1), cinnamyl alcohol (0.4 mg day−1) and cinnamaldehyde (0.77 mg day−1), caught significantly more of both sexes of B. rufimanus than unbaited control traps. A male volatile, 1‐undecene, was EAG active with female antennae. It was attractive to females in an olfactometer, indicating that it is a sex pheromone. However, in the field it only enhanced trap catches if it was released together with the floral volatiles.CONCLUSION: The blends of semiochemicals identified were shown to be attractive in cone traps under field conditions. The prototype trapping system developed could be used as a monitoring tool to determine infestation levels of B. rufimanus in bean fields. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana against the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in Taiwan
Authors: Kafle Lekhnath , Wu Wen‐Jer , Kao Suey‐Sheng , Shih Cheng‐Jen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Combining biological control and chemical control could be used for controlling red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta, more effectively. Beauveria bassiana F256, a local strain from Taiwan, was evaluated for its efficacy in the control of S. invicta under both laboratory and field conditions.RESULTS: The efficacies of different doses of B. bassiana (Bb) using direct application and bait formulation methods were compared. The number of RIFA workers killed by the direct application of Bb or by bait were significantly higher than those of the control, with different rates of efficacy under laboratory conditions. Under field conditions, the direct application of Bb into RIFA mounds was more efficient in inactivating the mounds than the bait application.CONCLUSION: It was shown that B. bassiana is able to control S. invicta under both laboratory and field conditions and can be used as a biocontrol agent against RIFA in Taiwan. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating sex‐pheromone‐ and kairomone‐based lures for attracting codling moth adults in mating disruption versus conventionally managed apple orchards in Pennsylvania
Authors: Joshi Neelendra K , Hull Larry A , Rajotte Edwin G , Krawczyk Greg , Bohnenblust Eric 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Effectiveness of different types of commercial sex‐pheromone‐ and kairomone‐based lures for attracting codling moth adults may vary under different pest management practices. The attractiveness of four types of codling moth (CM) lures (CM L2 Long‐Life®, CM 10X Megalure®, Pherocon CM DA® and Pherocon CM‐DA Combo®) was evaluated in commercial apple orchards either treated with sex pheromone mating disruption (MD) or only conventional insecticides (non‐MD) in Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 2006 and 2007.RESULTS: CM DA Combo lure was most effective in terms of mean seasonal weekly moth capture as well as mean cumulative moth capture in MD orchards. In both years, the CM L2 lure was as attractive to adult moths as the CM DA Combo lure in non‐MD orchards. The CM DA and CM 10X lures caught significantly fewer moths in both MD and non‐MD orchards compared with the CM DA Combo lure.CONCLUSIONS: ON the basis of mean seasonal weekly moth capture as well as mean cumulative moth capture, the CM DA Combo and CM L2 lures were found to be significantly more effective for monitoring CM adults in both MD and non‐MD orchards. In contrast, the CM DA and CM 10X lures were not as effective in either type of orchard. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Self‐assembled silicon‐germanium nanostructures for CMOS compatible light emitters
Authors: Lockwood David J. , Tsybeskov Leonid 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo be commercially valuable, light emitters based on SiGe nanostructures should be efficient, fast, operational at room temperature, and be compatible with the CMOS technology. Also, the emission wavelength should match the optical waveguide low‐loss spectral region of 1.3–1.6 μm. Among other approaches, epitaxially‐grown Si/SiGe quantum dot/quantum well complexes produce efficient photoluminescence and electroluminescence in the required spectral range. Until recently, the major roadblocks for practical applications of these devices were strong thermal quenching of the luminescence quantum efficiency and a long carrier radiative lifetime. The latest progress in the understanding of physics of carrier recombination in Si/SiGe nanostructures is reviewed, and a new route toward CMOS compatible light emitters for on‐chip optical interconnects is proposed.© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada [2011]. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Industry
Nano‐photonics devices on organics and silica materials obtained with various thin layer processes
Authors: Bêche Bruno , Duval Daphné 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report a practical and novel concept based on reproducible fluidic mechanisms coupled with silica nano‐particles for the development of nano‐optical‐connections directly on organic integrated photonic chips. Silica nano‐rib waveguides have been shaped with various widths ranging between 50 nm and 300 nm and about a hundred µm in length respectively. An effective nano‐photonic coupling mechanism has been demonstrated and a sub‐wavelength propagation regime obtained between two organic rib tapers and waveguides with a perpendicular and a parallel configuration respectively. The specific silica nano‐rib‐waveguides structures show off optical losses propagation ranging around [37‐68] dB/mm at visible and infra‐red (IR) wavelengths. Such flexible devices offer a versatile fabrication control by changing respectively nano‐particles and surfactant concentrations. Thus, they present great potential regarding future applications for shaping nano‐connections and high‐density network integrations between original optical segmented circuits such as plots, lines or any pre‐formed photonics structures. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bifunctional photosensitive compound for optical processors
Authors: Zaichenko N. L. , Shienok A. I. , Koltsova L. S. , Mardaleishvili I. R. , Tatikolov A. S. , Levin P. P. , Berlin A. A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe dynamics of photochemical processes in photobifunctional compound, which molecule combines a photochromic spironaphthopyran fragment with a hydroxysubstituted naphthylmethylideneimine one, was studied by flash photo‐ lysis technique in methanol solution. Two products of photolysis were detected and the influence of wavelength of the excitation on their quantum yields and decay processes was discovered. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical design of 200‐lm/W phosphorescent green light emitting devices based on the high refractive index substrate
Authors: Mikami Akiyoshi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLight extraction efficiency has been successfully enhanced by using high refractive index substrate coupled with micro‐lens array and weak micro‐cavity structure. Optical energy intensity including waveguide, substrate and external modes was analyzed based on wave optics. It was shown that most of the waveguide mode is turned to the substrate mode by the effect of high index refraction substrate. About a half of the light can be extracted from the substrate by the assistance of surface textured structure. An external quantum efficiency of 57% and a power efficiency of over 200‐lm/W were obtained in a green phosphorescent device. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differential evanescent light intensity imaging of nanothin films: simulation of the scattered field
Authors: Gankin M. , Popescu S. A. , Apter B. , Mirchin N. , Lapsker I. , Peled A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe evanescent optical field scattering simulation of a‐Se nanoparticles was obtained by the Maxwell equation solver FullWAVE and correlated to experimental a‐Se films nanoprofiles obtained by Differential Evanescent Light Intensity Imaging (DELI). The DELI method was used as an experimental imaging method of depth profiles for large areas, i.e., hundreds of mm2 of nanometer thick a‐Se layers. The comparison of light scattering simulation and thickness profiles obtained from the experiments corresponds to an optical scattering mechanism leading to evanescent light extraction by the a‐Se nanoparticles. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of thin films of chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors in the optical recording systems
Authors: Kryuchyn Andriy A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFor many years thin glasses of chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors were and remain now as one of basic materials of recording media in information carriers for optical information recording systems. To create the first specimens of WORM optical disks the processes of photothermal recording on thin chalcogenide films with a high content of tellurium were widely used. In disk carriers we used 35‐nm thick eutectic Te14Se61Ge15Sb10 alloy films. Information recording was made by (80‐20)‐ns duration pulses. Researches of recorded disks performed in 25 years showed that the shape and sizes of pits were not practically changed, content of oxygen increased insignificantly in a subsurface layer. Thin films of chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors can be considered as promising material for optical carriers suitable for long‐term information storage. As shown by the performed researches, positive inorganic photoresists allow to create relief images with the minimal sizes of 0.15‐0.20 μm at recording radiation at wavelength 405 nm, which enables to make stampers for DVD replication from them. The positive inorganic photoresist films have a sufficiently wide dynamic range. More promising is the use of negative inorganic photoresists that allow to create relief images on nickel substrates, i.e., technology of direct mastering is being realized (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescence and optical absorption studies of sulphur‐implanted Cu6PS5X (X=I, Br) superionic conductors
Authors: Studenyak I. P. , Izai V. Yu. , Stephanovich V. O. , Panko V. V. , Kúš P. , Plecenik A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCu6PS5X (X=I, Br) single crystals were grown using chemical vapour transport. The crystals under investigation were implanted at different fluences of 150‐keV 32S+ ions. The influence of ion implantation on luminescence spectra, parameters of the Urbach absorption edge as well as ordering‐disordering processes in Cu6PS5X superionic conductors is studied. A noticeable effect of isochronal annealing on the absorption edge in the ion‐implanted Cu6PS5I crystal is revealed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties and photo‐ and X‐ray luminescence of Sm3+‐doped chalcogenides
Authors: Maeda Kouji , Tsudome Ryutaro , Ido Masahiro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report a new X‐ray scintillating phosphor material whose composition is based on Sm‐doped chalcogenides. These are partly crystallized glass ceramics prepared by melt quenching techniques. Optical characterization of the samples was carried out at room temperature. The photoluminescence emission spectra of Ga‐Ge‐S glasses (GGS) and Ba‐Ga‐Se (BGS) glasses and glass ceramics exited at 405 nm have been obtained. Photoluminescence emissions at 565, 600, and 650 nm bands were identified and attributed to transitions from 4G5/2 to 6H5/2,6H7/2, and 6H9/2 respectively in Sm3+. The PL intensity from BGS material is stronger than that from GGS glasses doped with Sm3+. The X‐ray luminescence (XL) could be detected from the BGS glass ceramic samples under an excitation from a Cu target X‐ray tube (40kV, 200 mA power). The red light XL was clearly visible in the dark (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Space polarization and nonlinear absorbability of gyrotropic cadmium diphosphide crystals
Authors: Fekeshgazi I. V. , Sidenko T. S. , Czitrovszky A. , Veresh M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo‐photon absorption coefficient of cadmium diphosphide single crystals have been measured depending on a polarization azimuth (ϕ) at extreme light intensities near the optical damage threshold (11 MW/cm2). It is shown that the maximum value of this coefficient is equal to 0.16 cm/MW at ϕ = 0 (for the ordinary wave). These dependences are important for producing of the quantum electronics and nonlinear optics elements based on the effect of two‐photon absorption under extreme condition (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibrational spectroscopy study on α and β phases in iridium‐complex‐containing polyfluorenes
Authors: Tsuboi Taiju , Shi Hui‐Fang , Nakai Yosuke , Liu Shu‐Juan , Zhao Qiang , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUV‐visible‐infrared absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectra have been investigated for poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) and PFO copolymers with various concentrations (0‐20 mol%) of Ir‐complex Ir(thq)2(dbm) incorporated into the main polymer chain. PFOs with different contents of α‐ and β‐phases are obtained depending on the concentration. New infrared absorption peak was found at 2918 cm‐1 in PFOs with high Ir‐complex concentrations. The PL spectra of β‐phase PFO host were analyzed by the Franck‐Condon factor, Huang‐Rhys parameter S, and vibrational energy of 1360 cm‐1. The vibrational energy is consistent with Raman spectra. The S parameter was found to depend on the concentration of Ir‐complex. Red emission due to Ir(thq)2(dbm) disappeared for PFO copolymers with 2 and 8 mole% Ir‐complex four months after the spin‐coating, while new emission band at 520 nm appeared (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Highly conductive titanium oxide films by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Sakaguchi Koichi , Fukazawa Masaki , Shimakawa Koichi , Hatanaka Yoshinori 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTransparent conductive titanium oxide films have been prepared by the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. By introducing water vapor into argon gas in the sputtering processes and sputtering at high pressure, 25 Pa, highly conductive transition of electrical conductivity from 10‐4 S cm‐1 to around 102 S cm‐1 is obtained. The observation of the Burnstein‐Moss shift in optical absorption and the dielectric constants deduced from infrared spectroscopy measurement suggest that the metallic films are obtained in the present technique. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows a new phase creation with an aliened polycrystalline feature, but details are not clear. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hole‐blocking mechanism in high‐gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor (HARP) film
Authors: Kikuchi Kenji , Ohkawa Yuji , Miyakawa Kazunori , Matsubara Tomoki , Tanioka Kenkichi , Kubota Misao , Egami Norifumi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHARP photoconductive film made of amorphous selenium (a‐Se), which makes use of the avalanche multiplication phenomenon, has been developed for the ultrahigh‐sensitivity television cameras that are used to report breaking news at night or to produce nature and science programs. We have tried to reveal the hole‐blocking mechanism in HARP films in the present work to improve their characteristics. It is important to reduce the dark current in HARP film to improve its sensitivity. HARP film has a hole‐blocking layer to suppress dark current, which interrupts the injection of holes to the a‐Se layer. Hole injection is considered one of the main factors related to dark current. The hole‐blocking layer consists of cerium dioxide (CeO2), which is an n‐type wide‐gap material. We have recently succeeded in producing improved CeO2 whose hole‐blocking capabilities are superior to the abilities of conventional normal CeO2. This paper describes the hole‐blocking mechanism in HARP film. To investigate this, the relationship between dark current and the film thickness of the CeO2 layer were measured with each HARP film using the two different types of CeO2. Furthermore, we analyzed the Ce 3d core‐level photoemission spectra for both types of CeO2 layers in HARP film by using hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAX‐PES) at Spring‐8. As a result, we found that the hole‐blocking capabilities of the film could be improved by reducing the number of defect levels generated from oxygen vacancies in the CeO2 hole‐blocking layer (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Light‐induced effects on the radiative recombination rate of electron‐hole pairs in a‐Si:H
Authors: Ogihara C. , Inagaki Y. , Morigaki K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTemperature variation of radiative recombination rate obtained for defect photoluminescence (PL) in high‐quality a‐Si:H after illumination of intense pulsed light is presented and compared with results previously reported for defective a‐Si:H films. We have not found significant difference between the temperature variation of the rate of radiative recombination at photo‐created radiative defects and that at native radiative defects. This fact suggests the recombination processes at the photo‐created defects and the native defects are similar. The temperature dependence of the radiative recombination rates in a‐Si:H is predicted by a model of the recombination processes for various cases of different density of deep and strongly localised tail states. Our recent experimental results for the principal PL and defect PL coincide with the prediction of the model. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Ginseng Rhizome and Ginsenoside Ro on Testosterone 5α‐Reductase and Hair Re‐growth in Testosterone‐treated Mice
Authors: Murata Kazuya , Takeshita Fumiaki , Samukawa Keiichi , Tani Tadato , Matsuda Hideaki 
Published: May 2011

This research program on the novel functions of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer focused on the effects of ginseng rhizome on hair re‐growth in androgenetic alopecia. Extracts of red ginseng rhizome showed greater dose‐dependent inhibitory effects against testosterone 5α‐reductase (5αR) when compared with extracts of the main root. Ginsenoside Ro, the predominant ginsenoside in the rhizome, and ginsenoside Rg3, a unique ginsenoside in red ginseng, showed inhibitory activity against 5αR with IC50 values of 259.4 and 86.1 µm, respectively. The rhizome of P. japonicus, which contains larger amounts of ginsenoside Ro, also inhibited 5αR.Topical administration of extracts of red ginseng rhizomes (2 mg/mouse) and ginsenoside Ro (0.2 mg/mouse) to shaved skin inhibited hair re‐growth suppression after shaving in the testosterone‐treated C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that red ginseng rhizomes containing both oleanane‐ and dammarane‐type ginsenosides are a promising raw material for cosmetic use. This is the first report that ginsenoside Ro enhances in vivo hair re‐growth based on their inhibitory activity against 5αR in the androgenetic alopecia model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.