bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einfluss der Einbau‐ und der Betontechnologie auf die Faserverteilung und ‐orientierung in Wänden aus Stahlfaserbeton
Authors: Gröger Johannes , Nehls Norbert , Silbereisen Rolf , Tue Nguyen Viet 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDem Baustoff Stahlfaserbeton wurden in den vergangenen Jahren vielfältige Anwendungsgebiete erschlossen. Dazu gehören neben Industrieböden und Betonfertigteilen auch Bodenplatten und Wände für wasserundurchlässige Kellerkonstruktionen. Allen Bauteilen aus Faserbeton ist gemein, dass ihre Eigenschaften entscheidend von der Faserverteilung und ‐orientierung abhängen. Im Rahmen eines Projekts der Universität Leipzig und der CEMEX Deutschland AG wurde der Frage nach möglichen Auswirkungen der Einbau‐ und der Betontechnologie auf die Faserverteilung und ‐orientierung in Wänden aus Stahlfaserbeton nachgegangen. Hierzu wurden zwei Wände mit praxisähnlichen Abmessungen unter Variation der Betonkonsistenz und Einbautechnologie hergestellt und anschließend Bohrkerne gezogen. Mit Hilfe des fotooptischen Verfahrens wurden die Verteilung und die Orientierung der Stahlfasern in den Schnittflächen der Bohrkerne ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen große Streuungen der Faserverteilung und ‐orientierung innerhalb des Bauteils. Darüber hinaus lassen sich die beiden wichtigen Faktoren des Faserbetons durch die gewöhnliche Einbauund Betontechnologie nicht wesentlich beeinflussen.
UHPC mit alternativen Zusatzstoffen – Rheologie und Faserverbund
Authors: Stengel Thorsten , Lowke Dirk , Mazanec Oliver , Schießl Peter , Gehlen Christoph 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIm Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Einfluss von Zusatzstoffen auf das Herstellen sowie die rheologischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften von UHPC untersucht. Zum Einsatz kamen Quarz‐, Kalkstein‐ und Hüttensandmehl sowie zwei Silikastäube. Die Zusatzstoffe beeinflussten die Mischzeit und den zur Erreichung der Zielfließfähigkeit notwendigen Fließmittelgehalt deutlich. Auch bei den rheologischen Eigenschaften, welche für die praktische Anwendung wichtig sind, konnte ein deutlicher Einfluss des verwendeten Zusatzstoffes nachgewiesen werden. Am günstigsten erwiesen sich hier der Silikastaub mit geringerer spezifischer Oberfläche sowie das feine Kalksteinmehl. Auf Seiten der mechanischen Eigenschaften, vor allem aber bei dem Faserverbund‐ und dem Biegetragverhalten der faserbewehrten Betone konnte kein nennenswerter Einfluss der Zusatzstoffe festgestellt werden. Demnach ist der Austausch unter mechanischen Gesichtspunkten unproblematisch.UHPC Made with Alternative Additions – Rheology and Fibre BondingThe effect of additions on the production of UHPC and its rheological and mechanical properties was investigated. Quartz, limestone and granulated blast‐furnace slag flour as well as two silica fumes were used. The additions affected significantly mixing time and amount of superplasticizer needed to achieve target flowability. A pronounced affect of the additions on the rheological properties relevant to practical application was also observed. Silica fume with low specific surface and limestone flour proved to be the most favourable additions. Regarding the mechanical properties, no appreciable effect of the additions was observed on, in particular, fibre bonding and flexural strength of fibre reinforced concretes. Thus additions replacement is unproblematic from a mechanical point of view.
Der Eurocode 2 für Deutschland – Auswirkungen auf den Betonfertigteilbau
Authors: Tillmann Mathias 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDie europäische Harmonisierung der technischen Regelwerke im Bauwesen schreitet nicht nur bei den Produktnormen, sondern auch bei den Bemessungsnormen für den konstruktiven Ingenieurbau unaufhaltsam voran. Während die meisten europäischen Länder jedoch schon im Laufe des Jahres 2010 die Umstellung auf die europäischen Bemessungsnormen vollzogen haben, wird die Anwendung der Eurocodes in Deutschland erst 2012 verbindlich werden. Der folgende Beitrag befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen auf Betonfertigteile bei einer Bemessung nach Eurocode 2 Teil 1‐1 und Teil 1‐2 und gibt einen Überblick, wie sich die europäischen Produktnormen für Betonfertigteile in das neue Regelwerk einordnen lassen.The Eurocode 2 for Germany – Impacts on Precast Concrete ConstructionsThe accelerating harmonization of European technical standards does not only concern the product standards, but also the standards for the design of structures. Whereas most European countries have implemented the European design standards during 2010, in Germany the application of the structural Eurocodes will be mandatory not until 2012. The following article deals with the impacts on precast concrete constructions resulting from the application of the new Eurocode 2 part 1‐1 and part 1‐2 also regarding the harmonized European standards for precast concrete products.
Rates of responding measured by continuous recording in applied behavioral research
Authors: Mudford Oliver C. , Locke Janine M. , Jeffrey Kylie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere is no published source that can inform behavioral measurement research about typical response rates measured by continuous recording in applied behavior analysis. The present study was designed to determine the distribution of data on rate of responding reported across a recent 10‐volume (1998–2007) sample of research articles from the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. Rate of responding was measured for 20 553 datapoints in 360 sets of data (one participant in one graph) presented in 60 research articles. The majority of datapoints showed response rates of less than 1.0 response per minute, with 28.3% at zero. The highest rate reported was 104.5 responses per minute. The maximum response rate in datasets was more than 1.0 response per minute in 96.7% of datasets, indicating that continuous recording has been employed in research in which a relatively high rate of responding was recorded at some time during the study. The data from this report will assist researchers to determine empirically the representativeness of response rates in studies of measurement in applied behavior analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgery in early Jewish history
Authors: Loukas Marios , Bilinsky Ester , Bilinsky Samuel , Abrahams Peter , Diamond Mark , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Hebrew writings in early history are dedicated primarily to the explanations and elucidations of Jewish law. In the context of such laws, several medical and anatomical references are made that provide some clues to the medical practices of the day. In particular, this article serves to compile references made to surgical interventions within these texts. Particular attention is paid to the possible use of anesthetics, the environment and equipment utilized in surgery, as well as the indication of knowledge of infection and hygienic practices. An understanding of human morphology was necessary for many of these surgical practices. Clin. Anat. 24:151–154, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomy of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves with observations of their spinal nerve contributions
Authors: Klaassen Zachary , Marshall Ewarld , Tubbs R. Shane , Louis Robert G. , Wartmann Christopher T. , Loukas Marios 
Published: January 2011

AbstractProper anesthesia and knowledge of the anatomical location of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves is important during hernia repair and other surgical procedures. Surgical complications have also implicated these nerves, emphasizing the importance of the development of a clear topographical map for use in their identification. The aim of this study was to explore anatomical variations in the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves and relate this information to clinical situations. One hundred adult formalin fixed cadavers were dissected resulting in 200 iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve specimens. Each nerve was analyzed for spinal nerve contribution and classified accordingly. All nerves were documented where they entered the abdominal wall with this point being measured in relation to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). The linear course of each nerve was followed, and its lateral distance from the midline at termination was measured. The ilioinguinal nerve originated from L1 in 130 specimens (65%), from T12 and L1 in 28 (14%), from L1 and L2 in 22 (11%), and from L2 and L3 in 20 (10%). The nerve entered the abdominal wall 2.8 ± 1.1 cm medial and 4 ± 1.2 cm inferior to the ASIS and terminated 3 ± 0.5 cm lateral to the midline. The iliohypogastric nerve originated from T12 on 14 sides (7%), from T12 and L1 in 28 (14%), from L1 in 20 (10%), and from T11 and T12 in 12 (6%). The nerve entered the abdominal wall 2.8 ± 1.3 cm medial and 1.4 ± 1.2 cm inferior to the ASIS and terminated 4 ± 1.3 cm lateral to the midline. For both nerves, the distance between the ASIS and the midline was 12.2 ± 1.1 cm. To reduce nerve damage and provide sufficient anesthetic for nerve block during surgical procedures, the precise anatomical location and spinal nerve contributions of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves need to be considered. Clin. Anat. 24:454–461, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supernumerary and absent limbs and digits of the lower limb: A review of the literature
Authors: Klaassen Zachary , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnatomical history over centuries includes description of a wide variety of malformations involving the lower limbs. This article offers an organized review of these diverse abnormalities, including new understanding of mechanisms through recent discoveries in genetics and molecular biology. In 19th century Europe, a number of unique anomalies were reported, as well as evidence of foot amputations occurring in ancient Peruvian culture. Embryologically, the limbs develop early, with the lower limb being recognizable for the first time at stage 13 of development. By stage 23, the toes are clearly defined and by birth, although the legs appear bowed, the tibia and fibula are straight. Removal of the apical ectodermal ridge results in cessation of limb development, conversely, a second apical ectodermal ridge results in duplication of distal structures. Supernumerary limbs have been documented to occur as part of a teratoma with unique morphology and accompanying blood supply. Additionally, many examples of polydactyly occur in the foot postulating that deletion of chromosome 22q11 is involved in postaxial polydactyly. Such deletions occur near the middle of the chromosome at a location designated q11.2 (i.e., on the long arm of one of the pair of chromosomes 22) and this syndrome is also referred to as DiGeorge syndrome, which has a prevalence estimated at 1:4,000. Absence of the lower limbs has also been noted, with hypoplasia of the fibula being the most common manifestation of congenital bone absences in the lower limb. In addition to fibular aplasia, cases of tibial aplasia have been reported. This article is important for surgeons attempting correctional repair of lower limb anomalies, as well as providing analysis of the historical, anatomical and clinical aspects of supernumerary and absent limbs and digits for the lower limb. Clin. Anat. 24:570–575, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new variation: An anterior cruciate ligament attached to the accessory ossicle
Authors: Sarsilmaz Aysegul , Gelal Fazil 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnatomic variations of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are very rare. The prevalence of congenital aplasia or hypoplasia of the ACL is 0.017 per 1,000 live births. The normal ACL consists of the anteromedial (AMB) and posterolateral bundles (PLB). Together, they attach to a fossa on the posteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. The PLB fibrils are smaller and shorter than those of the AMB. We report an ACL variation that had not been previously described, in which the PLB was attached to an intraarticular accessory ossicle, without causing knee instability. The large accessory ossicle caused pain. We reviewed the anatomy, anomalies, and variation in the ACL. Clin. Anat. 24:991–993, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aberrant bile ducts, ‘remnant surface bile ducts,’ and peribiliary glands: Descriptive anatomy, historical nomenclature, and surgical implications
Authors: El Gharbawy Ramadan M. , Skandalakis Lee J. , Heffron Thomas G. , Skandalakis John E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe term “aberrant bile ducts” has been used to designate three heterogeneous groups of biliary structures: (1) bile ducts degenerating or disappearing (unknown etiology, diverse locations); (2) curious biliary structures in the transverse fissure; and (3) aberrant right bile ducts draining directly into the common hepatic duct. We report our observations on these three groups. Twenty‐nine fresh human livers of stillborns and adults were injected differentially with colored latex and dissected. Adult livers showed portal venous and hepatic arterial branches, and bile ducts not associated with parenchyma, subjacent to and firmly adherent with the liver capsule: elements of ramifications of normal sheaths were present on the liver's surface. These ramifications, having lost parenchyma associated with them, then sequentially lost their portal branches, bile ducts and arterial branches. This process affected the ramifications of the sheaths in the left triangular ligament, adjacent to the inferior vena cava, in the gallbladder bed and anywhere else on the liver's surface and resulted in the presence of bile ducts accompanied by portal venous and/or hepatic arterial branches and not associated with parenchyma for a period of time. This first group represented normal bile ducts that do not meet the criteria of aberration and could be appropriately designated “remnant surface bile ducts.” Such changes were not found in the transverse fissures and review of the literature revealed that the curious biliary structures are the microscopic peribiliary glands. The third group met the criteria of aberration and the anatomy of a representative duct is described. Clin. Anat. 24:429–440, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accessory suprascapular artery
Authors: Chen D. , Adds P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDuring the dissection of a 94‐year‐old female cadaver, an accessory suprascapular artery (SSA) was found in addition to the SSA proper. Clin. Anat. 24:498–500, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An electric simulator to solve education engineering problems in fluid mechanics
Authors: Zueco Joaquín 
Published: January 2011

AbstractElectrical analogy, which is used to solve numerical problems in fluid mechanics, is used here to solve the classical problem of Couette flow between two parallel plates, Hagen–Poiseuille flow in a pipe and the transient free convection flow along a semi‐infinite vertical wall. The nonlinear system of partial differential equations is numerically solved by the Network Simulation Method, based on thermo‐electric analogy. A simulator of electrical devices, permits the direct visualization of the local and/or integrated transport variables (temperatures, velocities, concentrations, and fluxes) at any point or section of the medium. At the same time, the solution for both transient and steady‐state problems is obtained, the only requirement being finite‐difference schemes for the spatial variable. This educational tool is seen to be very useful for solving numerical problems in engineering and can be used to graduate in the University. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 748–757, 2013
Tandem Carboxylation‐Hydration Reaction System from Methanol, CO2 and Benzonitrile to Dimethyl Carbonate and Benzamide Catalyzed by CeO2
Authors: Honda Masayoshi , Kuno Shintaro , Sonehara Satoru , Fujimoto Ken‐ichiro , Suzuki Kimihito , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCeO2 is an effective catalyst for a new tandem reaction system; The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol+ CO2 and benzonitrile hydration to benzamide. In combination with benzonitrile hydration, the yield of DMC was drastically promoted even at CO2 pressures as low as 0.1 MPa. The yields of methanol‐ and CO2‐based DMC were as high as 47 % and 70 %, respectively. Calcination of the catalyst at 873 K after the reaction, enables the catalyst to be reused without any structural change, although benzamide, produced by the benzonitrile hydration, poisons of the catalyst. This reaction system can be applied to the synthesis of other dialkylcarbonates from their corresponding alcohols and CO2.
Highly Efficient Visible Light Plasmonic Photocatalysts Ag@Ag(Cl,Br) and Ag@AgCl‐AgI
Authors: Wang Peng , Huang Baibiao , Zhang Xiaoyang , Qin Xiaoyan , Dai Ying , Wang Zeyan , Lou Zaizhu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNew plasmonic photocatalysts Ag@Ag(Cl,Br) and Ag@AgCl‐AgI were synthesized by the ion‐exchange process between AgCl and a potassium halide (KBr, KI), then by reducing some Ag+ ions in the surface region of Ag(Cl,Br) and AgCl‐AgI particles to Ag0 species. The Ag nanoparticles were formed from Ag(Cl,Br) and AgCl‐AgI by a light‐induced chemical reduction. The Ag@Ag(Cl,Br) and Ag@AgCl‐AgI particles have irregular shapes and their sizes vary between 100 nm and 1.3 μm. The as‐grown plasmonic photocatalysts show strong absorption in the visible‐light region, owing to the plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles. The ability of this compound to oxidize methylic orange and reduce CrVI under visible light was compared with those of other reference photocatalysts. These plasmonic photocatalysts have been shown to be highly efficient under visible‐light irradiation.
Prediction of Saturated Air Dew Points at Elevated Pressures Using a Simple Arrhenius‐Type Function
Authors: Bahadori A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn compressed air systems, condensed water vapor can have corrosive effects on metals and wash out protective lubricants from tools, equipments, and pneumatic devices. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to predict the dew point temperature of atmospheric air and the air dew point at elevated pressures in order to design and apply the appropriate type of drying. A simple tool is presented here for the prediction of the dew point of atmospheric moist air as a function of temperature and relative humidity and of the compressed saturated air dew point as a function of pressure and dew point of atmospheric moist air at a given temperature using an Arrhenius‐type asymptotic exponential function. The developed tool can be of immense practical value for engineers and scientists as a quick check of the dew points of atmospheric moist air and relative humidity and compressed saturated air under various conditions.
Modeling and Behavior Analyses of Internal Thermally Coupled Air Separation Columns
Authors: Yan Z. B. , Liu X. G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe internal thermally coupled air separation column (ITCASC) is a frontier of air separation energy savings research. The first principles model of the ITCASC is proposed and is based on the material balance, energy balance, and the related thermal coupling relationship which can be used for further control and design studies. The related solution procedures are given. Detailed behavior analyses are carried out. The research results reveal that the ITCASC process has the perfect separation effect and exhibits different behaviors compared to the conventional air separation column (CASC). The optimization model and the related operation optimization are further explored to gain insight on the energy saving potential of the ITCASC process. Optimization research results show that the ITCASC has about 47 % energy saving potential compared to the CASC process.
Inductive Heating with Magnetic Materials inside Flow Reactors
Authors: Ceylan Sascha , Coutable Ludovic , Wegner Jens , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSuperparamagnetic nanoparticles coated with silica gel or alternatively steel beads are new fixed‐bed materials for flow reactors that efficiently heat reaction mixtures in an inductive field under flow conditions. The scope and limitations of these novel heating materials are investigated in comparison with conventional and microwave heating. The results suggest that inductive heating can be compared to microwave heating with respect to rate acceleration. It is also demonstrated that a very large diversity of different reactions can be performed under flow conditions by using inductively heated flow reactors. These include transfer hydrogenations, heterocyclic condensations, pericyclic reactions, organometallic reactions, multicomponent reactions, reductive cyclizations, homogeneous and heterogeneous transition‐metal catalysis. Silica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles are stable under many chemical conditions and the silica shell could be utilized for further functionalization with Pd nanoparticles, rendering catalytically active heatable iron oxide particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties, Crystal and Electronic Structure of GdNi5‐xCux Series.
Authors: Bajorek A. , Chelkowska G. , Andrzejewski B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe title compounds (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.5, 4.8, 5.0) are prepared by arc‐melting of the elements under Ar atmosphere and characterized by XRD, XPS, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Spinel Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material from Industrial Titanyl Sulfate Solution.
Authors: Wu Feixiang , Wang Zhixing , Li Xinhai , Wu Ling , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhang Xiaoping , Wang Zhiguo , Xiong Xunhui , Guo Huajun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe title anode material for lithium ion rechargeable batteries is prepared by solid state reaction (850 °C, 16 h) of Li2CO3 and H2TiO3 or TiO2 precursors obtained from industrial titanyl sulfate solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Calcium Alanate and Its Dehydriding Performance Enhanced by FeF3 Doping.
Authors: Li Changxu , Xiao Xuezhang , Chen Lixin , Jiang Kun , Li Shouquan , Wang Qidong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCa(AlH4)2 is synthesized by ball‐milling of 2:1 mixtures of NaAlH4 and CaCl2 under 1 MPa H2 for 48 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication of Antimony Telluride Nanoparticles Using a Brief Chemical Synthetic Process under Atmospheric Conditions.
Authors: Kim Cham , Kim Dong Hwan , Han Yoon Soo , Chung Jong Shik , Kim Hoyoung 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSb2Te3 nanoparticles for thermoelectric applications are prepared from an aqueous mixture of SnCl3, Te powder, NaBH4, and L‐tartaric acid (reflux, 6—12 h) and characterized by powder XRD and FE‐SEM.
ChemInform Abstract: Li2CaSi2N4 and Li2SrSi2N4 — A Synthetic Approach to Three‐Dimensional Lithium Nitridosilicates.
Authors: Zeuner Martin , Pagano Sandro , Hug Stephan , Pust Philipp , Schmiechen Sebastian , Scheu Christina , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe new title compounds are synthesized from mixtures of Li, Si(NH)2, LiN3, and Ca or Sr using excess Li as flux (Ta crucible, 900 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Phenols and Arenes with Hydrogen Peroxide: Synthesis of Vitamin E Intermediates and Vitamin K3.
Authors: Moeller Konstanze , Wienhoefer Gerrit , Schroeder Kristin , Join Benoit , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis selective oxidation reaction takes place under mild conditions with H2O2 as green and waste‐avoiding oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Trienes and Dienes via Nickel‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Cotrimerization of Acrylates and Alkynes.
Authors: Horie Hiroaki , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe nickel‐catalyzed reaction of alkynes with acrylates in the presence of bulky NHC ligand gives rise to the corresponding dienes, whilst the reaction in the presence of P(p‐anisyl)3 affords trienes (VIII).