bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Voltammetric Sensor Based on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic Acid
Authors: Brunetti Barbara , Desimoni Elio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of a new modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) obtained by cycling the potential in a 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid (HQSA) solution is presented. The influence of the deposition parameters on analytical performance is evaluated along with the comparison with the behavior of an activated GCE obtained by the same electrochemical treatment but in absence of HQSA. The modification by HQSA leads to improved electrochemical performances with respect to those of a bare or activated GCE. This is shown by applying the proposed electrode to the determination of some species of pharmaceutical and alimentary interest.
Enhanced Electroanalytical Sensitivity via Interface Miniaturisation: Ion Transfer Voltammetry at an Array of Nanometre Liquid–Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Scanlon Micheál D. , Arrigan Damien W. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe benefit of miniaturization towards the nanoscale of electroanalytical systems was evaluated by assessment of the sensitivity of the response. Ion transfer voltammetry across the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) was employed as the basis for detection of nonredoxactive ions. The analytical sensitivity increased on miniaturisation of the interface from millimetre‐, to micrometre‐, to nanometre‐scale, with an improvement in sensitivity of more than three orders of magnitude. This is due to the enhanced mass transport via convergent diffusion as the size of the ITIES is minimised. These results illustrate the benefit of miniaturisation of electrochemical detection methods to the nanoscale.
Non‐canonical functions of the tuberous sclerosis complex‐Rheb signalling axis
Authors: Neuman Nicole A. , Henske Elizabeth Petri 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe protein products of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, TSC1 and TSC2, form a complex, which inhibits the small G‐protein, Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb). The vast majority of research regarding these proteins has focused on mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), a target of Rheb. Here, we propose that there are clinically relevant functions and targets of TSC1, TSC2 and Rheb, which are independent of mTOR. We present evidence that such non‐canonical functions of the TSC‐Rheb signalling network exist, propose a standard of evidence for these non‐canonical functions, and discuss their potential clinical and therapeutic implications for patients with TSC and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).
Re‐expression of CEACAM1 long cytoplasmic domain isoform is associated with invasion and migration of colorectal cancer
Authors: Ieda Junji , Yokoyama Shozo , Tamura Koichi , Takifuji Katsunari , Hotta Tsukasa , Matsuda Kenji , Oku Yoshimasa , Nasu Toru , Kiriyama Shigehisa , Yamamoto Naoyuki , Nakamura Yasushi , Shively John E. , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCarcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is known to be downregulated at the transcriptional level in adenoma and carcinoma. Recent reports have shown that CEACAM1 is overexpressed at protein level in colorectal cancer and correlated with clinical stage. The reason why colorectal cancer cells re‐expressed CEACAM1 remains unclear. The aim of our study was to clarify the implication of CEACAM1 re‐expression in colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemical analyses were conducted with CEACAM1 long (CEACAM1‐L) or short (CEACAM1‐S) cytoplasmic domain‐specific antibodies on clinical samples from 164 patients with colorectal cancer. The risk factors for metastasis and survival were calculated for clinical implication of CEACAM1 re‐expression. Invasion chamber and wound healing assays were performed for the effect of CEACAM1 expression on invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells. CEACAM1‐L and CEACAM1‐S stained with greater intensity at the invasion front than at the luminal surface of tumors. Differences between the long and short cytoplasmic isoform expression levels were observed at the invasion front. Multivariate analysis showed that CEACAM1‐L dominance was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis, hematogenous metastasis and short survival. The Kaplan–Meier evaluation demonstrated that CEACAM1‐L dominance was associated with shorter survival time (p < 0.0001). In the invasion chamber and wound healing assays, CEACAM1‐L promoted invasion and migration. Re‐expression of CEACAM1 is observed at the invasion front of colorectal cancer. CEACAM1‐L dominance is associated with metastasis and shorter survival of the patients with colorectal cancer. CEACAM1‐L dominance is important for colorectal cancer cells invasion and migration.
Mechanism of cell death mediated by a BF2‐chelated tetraaryl‐azadipyrromethene photodynamic therapeutic: Dissection of the apoptotic pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: O'Connor Aisling E. , Mc Gee Margaret M. , Likar Yury , Ponomarev Vladimir , Callanan John J. , O'shea Donal F. , Byrne Annette T. , Gallagher William M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment modality for cancer. ADPM06 is an emerging non‐porphyrin PDT agent which has been specifically designed for therapeutic application. Recently, we have demonstrated that ADPM06‐PDT is well tolerated in vivo and elicits impressive complete response rates in various models of cancer when a short drug‐light interval is applied. Herein, the mechanism of action of ADPM06‐PDT in vitro and in vivo is outlined. Using a drug and light combination that reduces the clonogenicity of MDA‐MB‐231 cells by >90%, we detected a well‐orchestrated apoptotic response accompanied by the activation of various caspases in vitro. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photosensitizer irradiation was found to be the key instigator in the observed apoptotic response, with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) found to be the intracellular site of initial PDT damage, as determined by induction of a rapid ER stress response post‐PDT. PDT‐induced apoptosis was also found to be independent of p53 tumor suppressor status. A robust therapeutic response in vivo was demonstrated, with a substantial reduction in tumor proliferation observed, as well as a rapid induction of apoptosis and initiation of ER stress, mirroring numerous aspects of the mechanism of action of ADPM06 in vitro. Finally, using a combination of 18F‐labeled 3′‐deoxy‐3′‐fluorothymidine (18F‐FLT) nuclear and optical imaging, a considerable decrease in tumor proliferation over 24‐hr in two models of human cancer was observed. Taken together, this data clearly establishes ADPM06 as an exciting novel PDT agent with significant potential for further translational development.
Hemin, an iron‐binding porphyrin, inhibits HIF‐1α induction through its binding with heat shock protein 90
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Lee Woo Hyung , Kay Hee Yeon , Kim Eun‐sook , Moon Aree , Kim Sang Geon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHypoxia and growth factor stimulation induce hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), conferring upon cancer cells the ability to adapt to microenvironments and enhance proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Hemin, an iron‐binding porphyrin, has been used to treat porphyria attacks, particularly in acute intermittent porphyria. Although the anti‐inflammatory and antitumor effects of hemin were reported, no information is available regarding its effect on HIF‐1α. Our study investigated whether hemin and other protoporphyrin compounds have the ability to inhibit HIF‐1α activity, and if so, what is the molecular basis of inhibition. Hemin treatment prevented CoCl2‐induced HIF‐1α expression. HIF‐1α inhibition by hemin resulted from an increase in its facilitated ubiquitination and degradation, as shown by the experimental results using cychloheximide treatment and ubiquitination assays. Consistently, hemin repressed HIF‐1α‐dependent gene transactivation. Intriguingly, hemin directly impeded the binding between heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and HIF‐1α, which was reversed by the addition of an excess amount of ATP required for HSP90 activity. In addition, hemin decreased the expression of client proteins of HSP90. Thus, the inhibition of HIF‐1α activity by hemin might result from its interaction with HSP90. Moreover, treatment of protoporphyrin IX, ZnPP or Co(III)PP, but not Mn(III)PP, inhibited HIF‐1α induction, indicating that protoporphyrin ring in association with the nature of binding metal leads to HSP90 inhibition. In an in vivo model, hemin treatment inhibited not only the formation of new vessels but also cancer cell proliferation and migration/invasion, supporting the notion that hemin may be applied to the prevention and/or treatment of angiogenesis and/or cancer metastasis.
Potential mechanism of interleukin‐8 production from lung cancer cells: An involvement of EGF–EGFR–PI3K–Akt–Erk pathway
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Linyan , Zhang Miaomiao , Jin Meiling , Bai Chunxue , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTumor inflammatory microenvironment is considered to play the role in the sensitivity of tumor cells to therapies and prognosis of lung cancer patients. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) is one of critical chemo‐attractants responsible for leukocyte recruitment, cancer proliferation, and angiogenesis. The present study aimed at investigating potential mechanism of IL‐8 production from human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) SPC‐A1 cells. We initially found that EGF could directly stimulate IL‐8 production, proliferation, and bio‐behaviors of lung cancer cells through the activation of EGFR, PI3K, Akt, and Erk signal pathway. EGF‐stimulated IL‐8 production, phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, and cell proliferation and movement could be inhibited by EGFR inhibitor (Erlotinib), PI3K inhibitor (GDC‐0941 BEZ‐235 and SHBM1009), and ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059). Our data indicate that IL‐8 production from lung cancer cells could be initiated by their own produced factors, leading to the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the cancer tissue, and the formation of inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, it seems that the signal pathway of EGFR–PI3K–Akt–Erk can be the potential target of therapies for inflammatory microenvironment in lung cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 35–43, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alteration of G1/S transition regulators influences recurrences in head and neck squamous carcinomas
Authors: Canzonieri Vincenzo , Barzan Luigi , Franchin Giovanni , Vaccher Emanuela , Talamini Renato , Sulfaro Sandro , Baldassarre Gustavo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHead‐Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HN‐SCC) is a clinically challenging disease associated with a high mortality rate. The chemo‐radiotherapy treatments that aim to preserve the organ represent the current gold standard therapy for advanced laryngeal disease, reserving surgery only for non‐responsive or relapsed cases. Despite these aggressive approaches, local persistent or recurrent disease remains the primary cause of treatment failure but we still do not have known factors and/or markers able to predict the outcome of the disease and in particular the risk of local relapse. Here we address this point on a series of 54 cases of HN‐SCC for whom the presence of local relapse was known. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis to evaluate protein expression and localization in the recurrence free and recurrence positive samples, we studied the expression of key cell cycle regulators including p53, p16, p27, pRB, Cyclin D1, Cyclin D3, and Stathmin. Overall by analyzing seven different cell cycle regulators we can hypothesize that the alteration of G1/S regulation represents a fundamental event in the onset/progression of HN‐SCC cancers and that the associate use of Cyclin D1/p16 expression should be considered as a possible biomarker toward the identification of those patients that will probably develop a recurrent disease and thus should benefit of a more aggressive treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 233–238, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhinovirus contamination of surfaces in homes of adults with natural colds: Transfer of virus to fingertips during normal daily activities
Authors: Winther B. , McCue K. , Ashe K. , Rubino J. , Hendley J.O. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMultiple surfaces contaminated with rhinovirus were detected in hotel rooms by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) following occupancy by a cold sufferer. Whether infectious rhinovirus contaminates surfaces in homes and is transferred from surfaces to fingertips through normal activities is not known. Nasal secretions from 30 subjects with new colds were tested for rhinovirus genome by RT‐PCR; infectious rhinovirus was sought with tissue cultures. Each subject identified 10 sites in their home touched during the preceding 24 hr. Samples from sites were tested for rhinovirus by RT‐PCR and cell culture. Later, each subject's mucus (stored at −70°C) was deposited on surfaces for testing transfer to fingertips through daily life activities such as flipping a light switch, touching the telephone keypad, and holding the telephone handset. Nasal secretions from 16/30 subjects were positive for rhinovirus by RT‐PCR; 66 (41%) of 160 surfaces in homes were positive. Contaminated surfaces included doorknobs (6 positive/18 tested), refrigerator door handles (8/14), TV remote controls (5/10), and bathroom faucets (8/10). Five (19%) of 26 RT‐PCR positive sites from culture positive subjects were positive in cell culture. Nasal mucus from six culture positive subjects was deposited on objects. Infectious rhinovirus was detected on 22% of fingertips following contact with objects contaminated for 1 hr; transfer dropped to 3% after 24 hr of contamination, and 0% after 48 hr. Infectious rhinovirus found on surfaces in homes of people with colds can be transferred to fingertips, but infectivity of virus in mucus declines by 24 hr after deposition. J. Med. Virol. 83:906–909, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profiles of genes associated with viral entry in HCV‐infected human liver
Authors: Nakamuta M. , Fujino T. , Yada R. , Aoyagi Y. , Yasutake K. , Kohjima M. , Fukuizumi K. , Yoshimoto T. , Harada N. , Yada M. , Kato M. , Kotoh K. , Taketomi A. , Maehara Y. , Nakashima M. , Enjoji M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that several cellular factors are involved in entry of hepatitis C virus (HCV) into host cells. Detailed gene expression profiles of these factors in HCV‐infected livers have not been reported for humans. Transcriptional levels of LDL receptor (LDLR), CD81, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR‐BI), claudin‐1, and occludin genes in liver samples from patients with chronic hepatitis C were investigated. Serum levels of LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) and HCV core antigen were also evaluated, and expression of claudin‐1 and occludin were immunohistochemically analyzed. Compared with normal liver, transcription of LDLR and claudin‐1 genes was significantly suppressed (P < 0.0001) and occludin transcription was significantly up‐regulated in HCV‐infected livers (P < 0.0001). Significant positive correlations were found for LDLR versus occludin, LDLR versus claudin‐1, occludin versus claudin‐1, and CD81 versus SR‐BI in HCV‐infected (P = 0.0012, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0004, and P < 0.0001, respectively) and normal livers (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0051, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). Positive correlation was observed between serum levels of HCV core antigen and LDL‐C (P = 0.0147), with their levels negatively correlated to LDLR (P = 0.0270 and P = 0.0021, respectively). Immunohistochemically, hepatocellular expression of claudin‐1 and occludin was increased in HCV‐infected livers. Different levels of expression were demonstrated at the mRNA and protein levels for occludin and claudin‐1 in HCV‐infected and normal livers. Correlation of elements associated with viral entry was comparable in HCV‐infected and normal livers. J. Med. Virol. 83:921–927, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus sequences from different patients confirm the existence and transmissibility of subtype 2q, a rare subtype circulating in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Martró Elisa , Valero Ana , Jordana‐Lluch Elena , Saludes Verónica , Planas Ramón , González‐Candelas Fernando , Ausina Vicente , Bracho Maria Alma 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been classified into six genotypes and more than 70 subtypes with distinct geographical and epidemiological distributions. While 18 genotype 2 subtypes have been proposed, only 5 have had their complete sequence determined. The aim of this study was to characterize HCV isolates from three patients from the Barcelona metropolitan area of Spain for whom commercial genotyping methods provided discordant results. Full‐length genome sequencing was carried out for 2 of the 3 patients; for the third patient only partial NS5B sequences could be obtained. The generated sequences were subjected to phylogenetic, recombination, and identity analyses. Sequences covering most of the HCV genome (9398 and 9566 nt in length) were obtained and showed a 90.3% identity to each other at the nucleotide level, while both sequences differed by 17.5–22.6% from the other fully sequenced genotype 2 subtypes. No evidence of recombination was found. The NS5B phylogenetic tree showed that sequences from the three patients cluster together with the only representative sequence of the provisionally designed 2q subtype, which also corresponds to a patient from Barcelona. Phylogenetic analysis of the full coding sequence showed that subtype 2q was more closely related to subtype 2k. The results obtained in this study suggest that subtype 2q now meets the requirements for confirmed designation status according to consensus criteria for HCV classification and nomenclature, and its epidemiological value is ensured as it has spread among several patients in the Barcelona metropolitan area. J. Med. Virol. 83:820–826, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In‐soil biodegradation of palm mat geotextiles
Authors: Kugan R. , Sarsby R. W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe tensile strength properties of Buriti palm mat geotextiles (manufactured in Brazil using low‐tech, ‘cottage‐industry’ manufacturing techniques) have been investigated with a view to using them as engineering fabrics for soil reinforcement. The rate at which the physical properties of the vegetable fibre geotextiles decline once they have been buried in soil is a key issue. Geotextiles have been buried for various time periods in a sandy soil, under both fully and partially saturated conditions, before being tested to quantify any change in tensile strength with time. It has been found that partially saturated soil is a more aggressive environment than fully saturated soil. The Buruti palm mats retained approximately 40per cent of their initial strength after burial for 1 year in fully saturated soil, but there was total loss of strength after only 9 months when mats were buried in partially saturated soil. The strength retained under fully saturated conditions is inversely proportional to the square‐root of time whilst for partially saturated conditions the strength is directly proportional to the inverse of time. The palm mat geotextiles would not have sufficient durability for use in major ground strengthening applications but they do have potential for prolonging the life of unbound roads. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐ship missile defense for a naval task group
Authors: Karasakal Orhan , Özdemirel Nur Evin , Kandiller Levent 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, we present a new formulation for the air defense problem of warships in a naval task group and propose a solution method. We define the missile allocation problem (MAP) as the optimal allocation of a set of surface‐to‐air missiles (SAMs) of a naval task group to a set of attacking air targets. MAP is a new treatment of an emerging problem fostered by the rapid increase in the capabilities of anti‐ship missiles (ASMs), the different levels of air defense capabilities of the warships against the ASM threat, and new technology that enables a fully coordinated and collective defense. In addition to allocating SAMs to ASMs, MAP also schedules launching of SAM rounds according to shoot‐look‐shoot engagement policy or its variations, considering multiple SAM systems and ASM types. MAP can be used for air defense planning under a given scenario. As thorough scenario analysis would require repetitive use of MAP, we propose efficient heuristic procedures for solving the problem. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011
Numerical analysis of a transient eddy current axisymmetric problem involving velocity terms
Authors: Bermúdez Alfredo , Reales Carlos , Rodríguez Rodolfo , Salgado Pilar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyze a transient axisymmetric electromagnetic model involving velocity terms in the Ohm's law. To this end, we introduce a time‐dependent weak formulation leading to a degenerate parabolic problem and establish its well posedness.We propose a finite‐element method for space discretization and prove well posedness and error estimates. Then, we combine it with a backward Euler time discretization and prove stability and error estimates. Finally, numerical results assessing the performance of the method are reported. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2011
The role of filler type in the photo‐oxidation behaviour of micro‐ and nano‐filled polypropylene
Authors: Morreale Marco , Dintcheva Nadka Tzankova , La Mantia Francesco Paolo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe rising interest in polymer nanocomposites leads also to an increasing concern for their photo‐oxidation resistance. The main properties and photo‐oxidation behaviour of polypropylene‐based microcomposites and nanocomposites were investigated. The results show that the use of nanosized calcium carbonate may lead to a higher photo‐oxidation rate than that of pristine polypropylene, in a way that is comparable to organo‐modified nanoclays. It is also observed that nanosized calcium carbonate causes higher photodegradation rates than microsized calcium carbonate. The main reasons for the increased photo‐oxidation rates when using organo‐modified nanoclays include the presence of iron ions, the degradation of the organo‐modifier and the formation of acidic sites on nanoclay layers, while in the case of calcium carbonate the main reasons are related to the achieved morphology and structure. The presence of calcium carbonate, especially when nanosized, significantly modifies the distribution of photo‐oxidation products in comparison to clay‐filled nanocomposites. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry