bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomical correlates of the progressive supranuclear palsy corticobasal syndrome hybrid
Authors: Josephs K. A. , Eggers S. D. Z. , Jack C. R. , Whitwell J. L. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundThe progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are associated with relatively specific patterns of atrophy; the former predominantly involving the brainstem, the latter frontoparietal regions. However, it has become apparent that there are subjects that meet criteria for PSPS and CBS. We refer to subjects with this presentation as Hybrids. The hybrid presentation is not rare, yet there are no studies that have assessed the neuroanatomical correlates of the hybrid syndrome to explain its occurrence.MethodIn this study of 41 subjects and controls, we utilized the technique of voxel‐based morphometry to assess both gray and white matter volume loss in six prospectively recruited Hybrids that underwent 3.0 T volumetric head magnetic resonance image scanning to determine the neuroanatomical correlates of the syndrome. We compared patterns of atrophy in three prospectively recruited groups: the Hybrid group (n = 6), a PSPS group (n = 10), and CBS group (n = 5). All 21 subjects had completed the same standardized batteries assessing cognition, and motor, behavioral, executive, oculomotor and limb praxis function.ResultsThe Hybrid group showed imaging features of both PSPS and CBS, with volume loss observed in the brainstem (superior cerebellar peduncle) and cortex (medial and lateral premotor, prefrontal and motor cortex). As expected, typical patterns of loss were observed in PSPS and CBS.ConclusionsThese findings explain the neuroanatomical basis of the overlapping presenting signs and symptoms of PSPS and CBS, in Hybrids.
Ketone bodies protection against HIV‐1 Tat‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Hui Liang , Chen Xuesong , Bhatt Dhaval , Geiger Nicholas H. , Rosenberger Thad A. , Haughey Norman J. , Masino Susan A. , Geiger Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 382–391.AbstractHIV‐1‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a syndrome that ranges clinically from subtle neuropsychological impairments to profoundly disabling HIV‐associated dementia. Not only is the pathogenesis of HAND unclear, but also effective treatments are unavailable. The HIV‐1 transactivator of transcription protein (HIV‐1 Tat) is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of HAND, in part, because of its well‐characterized ability to directly excite neurons and cause neurotoxicity. Consistent with previous findings from others, we demonstrate here that HIV‐1 Tat induced neurotoxicity, increased intracellular calcium, and disrupted a variety of mitochondria functions, such as reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing levels of reactive oxygen species, and decreasing bioenergetic efficiency. Of therapeutic importance, we show that treatment of cultured neurons with ketone bodies normalized HIV‐1 Tat induced changes in levels of intracellular calcium, mitochondrial function, and neuronal cell death. Ketone bodies are normally produced in the body and serve as alternative energy substrates in tissues including brain and can cross the blood–brain barrier. Ketogenic strategies have been used clinically for treatment of neurological disorders and our current results suggest that similar strategies may also provide clinical benefits in the treatment of HAND.
Choosing Models for Health Care Cost Analyses: Issues of Nonlinearity and Endogeneity
Authors: Garrido Melissa M. , Deb Partha , Burgess James F. , Penrod Joan D. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo compare methods of analyzing endogenous treatment effect models for nonlinear outcomes and illustrate the impact of model specification on estimates of treatment effects such as health care costs.Data SourcesSecondary data on cost and utilization for inpatients hospitalized in five Veterans Affairs acute care facilities in 2005–2006.Study DesignWe compare results from analyses with full information maximum simulated likelihood (FIMSL); control function (CF) approaches employing different types and functional forms for the residuals, including the special case of two‐stage residual inclusion; and two‐stage least squares (2SLS). As an example, we examine the effect of an inpatient palliative care (PC) consultation on direct costs of care per day.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe analyzed data for 3,389 inpatients with one or more life‐limiting diseases.Principal FindingsThe distribution of average treatment effects on the treated and local average treatment effects of a PC consultation depended on model specification. CF and FIMSL estimates were more similar to each other than to 2SLS estimates. CF estimates were sensitive to choice and functional form of residual.ConclusionsWhen modeling cost or other nonlinear data with endogeneity, one should be aware of the impact of model specification and treatment effect choice on results.
The Cultural Meaning of Disaster: Remarks on Gregory Button's Work
Authors: BATOR JOANNA 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAfter the two major nuclear disasters I have witnessed in my life, Chernobyl and Fukushima, I experienced uncertainty that seemed stronger than fear, anger or panic. In George Button's excellent work I found my personal experience of uncertainty explained as a cultural phenomenon that indeed prevails after all natural and manmade disasters. He has been studying disasters for over 30 years as an academic and a reporter. He covered and reported on, for example, the Three Mile Island nuclear disaster, the Exxon Valdes oil spill, and Hurricane Katrina. His book tells a powerful story about US disasters and their cultural aspects. However, I think that Button's research methodology and his findings can be applied to the Japanese situation as well. On the one hand, his book can serve as a warning on how not to act in the face of calamity if we want our culture to survive the suffering, and, on the other, it can serve as inspiration for domestic research on the most recent Japanese calamity. Button is interested in the way a disaster becomes a cultural, social and political phenomenon where uncertainty prevails and his focus on uncertainty as a main category seems to be a pioneering attempt that his book extends from previous studies. He focuses on uncertainty as an experience of affected people as well as the politics of uncertainty inflected in a time of calamity and finds that the two aspects are correlative.
Challenges in Counter‐disaster Measures for People with Functional Needs in Times of Disaster Following the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: TATSUKI SHIGEO 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article describes the three major challenges that were identified and their possible solutions are proposed in counter‐disaster measures for “people with functional needs in times of disaster (PFND)” following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. First, recent developments in preparedness measures for PFND in Japan have been uncritically relying on the assumption that hazard maps represent “correct” estimates of future hazardous events, which are based on the maximum probable event (MPrE) framework. In reality, however, a maximum possible event (MPoE) has occurred in the Tōhoku regions. This has tremendous implications for fundamentally re‐thinking the entire hazard estimation process from a MPrE to MPoE framework. Second, counter‐disaster measures for PFND have focused mainly on warning and neighborhood‐based evacuation assistance activities. Needs for shelters and temporary housing units that were specially designated for PFND arose following the earthquake. However, their provisions were neither systematic nor universal due to the lack of pre‐planning. More detailed guidelines for specially designated shelter and temporary housing operations need to be developed in order to address this issue. Third, people with disabilities (PWD) became invisible in shelters and communities or in the eyes of local government administrators. This was due to the fact that a majority of PWD did not ask for help in evacuation shelters because they felt general shelters were not “barrier free” and were unresponsive to their functional needs. Furthermore, many local government administrators felt hesitant to release their PFND registry to non‐governmental and self‐help organizations that were eager to check the whereabouts and current situations of PWD. This was due to the fear of breaking the Personal Information Protection Bylaw despite the fact that the bylaw provided exceptional conditions, where the onset of disaster was clearly one of these exceptional conditions. Further elaboration and education on the use of personal information of PFND during a disaster period is needed among public and local government administrators.
The Mental Health Status of Indonesian Candidates Leaving for Japan under the Japan–Indonesia Economic Partnership Agreement: After the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: OHARA‐HIRANO YUKO 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study was to find predictors of the mental health status of the fourth batch of Indonesian candidates coming to Japan under the Japan–Indonesia Economic Partnership Agreement, 4 months after the Great East Japan Earthquake. A four‐page‐long questionnaire was developed and distributed to the fourth batch of Indonesian candidates, who wished to go to Japan under the above agreement, at the venue of an intensive Japanese language course held in Depok, West Java, Indonesia, in July 2011. Seventy‐six percent of the respondents were female. The average age was 24.7 (standard deviation [SD] 2.8) years old. Forty‐nine percent of the respondents answered that they were very worried or somewhat worried about the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake. The mean Score of Knowledge about Japan, including knowledge about the working and living environments in Japan, was 53.3 and ranged from 20 to 80 (SD 7.3) points. The average score of the General Health Questionnaire, which was used as a marker of the mental health status in this study, was 36.1 (SD 4.2) points. The result of a multivariate analysis showed that the Score of Knowledge about Japan was significantly correlated to the General Health Questionnaire score (β=−.234, P < 0.05), but the degree of worry about the earthquake was not. The result indicated that knowledge about the actual living and working conditions in Japan is a major indicator of the mental health of the candidates, but not their worry concerning the earthquake.
Death, Modernity and Monuments: The Realities Expressed in the Monuments of the Hanshin–Awaji Earthquake*
Authors: IMAI NOBUO 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMany monuments have been constructed to commemorate the Hanshin–Awaji earthquake. If a memorial represents the need to reaffirm one's ties to “a world,” each monument is supposed to provide an image of that “world.” An analysis of the monuments shows that they are greatly influenced by the character of the various organizations and groups that constructed them. Therefore, the monuments almost appear to be linked to the duties or functions of these groups. However, two realities appeared across these organizations. At first, there is a pattern in the monuments to mourn the death of those with whom one in familiar. It expresses a spiritual feeling about death. Second, we often find the word “we” in the monuments. The word “we” expresses reality in a homogeneous space. Although each reality does not correspond to a particular type of group or organization, they cannot be expressed simultaneously in the one monument. The result of the research shows that the two realities are constituted through different means.
The usefulness of immunohistochemistry to differentiate between nasal carcinoma and lymphoma in cats: 140 cases (1986–2000)
Authors: Nagata K. , Lamb M. , Goldschmidt M. H. , Duda L. , Walton R. M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA retrospective evaluation of 232 feline nasal biopsies initially diagnosed as either carcinoma or lymphoma was performed by two pathologists. One or both pathologists disagreed with the original diagnosis in 15 cases (7%), 14 of which had original diagnoses of carcinoma. Out of the 232 cases, 140, including the disputed ones, were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with epithelial and lymphoid markers. Immunohistochemical staining of the 15 disputed cases showed that the original diagnoses were incorrect in 67% (10/15), unverified in 13% (2/15) and correct in 20% (3/15). Among the consensual diagnoses, immunohistochemistry revealed that 3% (4/125) of diagnoses were unverified because they did not stain for any of the markers evaluated. This report demonstrates the importance of immunohistochemistry in establishing a correct histologic diagnosis for nasal neoplasms in cats.
Left ventricular mass index and aortic arch calcification score are independent mortality predictors of maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Liu Sha , Zhang Dong‐Liang , Guo Wang , Cui Wen‐Ying , Liu Wen‐Hu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo analyze predictive factors for all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality, nonfatal CV events (CVE) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and to compare the effects of standard hemodialysis (HD) and online hemodiafiltration (HDF) on these factors and outcomes. A total of 333 MHD patients were prospectively followed up for 50 ± 15 months and all‐cause death, CV death and CVE were registered. At the baseline, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the whole population were recorded. Then, patients were stratified into two groups according to the dialysis modalities, HD (n = 268) and HDF (n = 65). At the end of 6th month, clinical and laboratory data were recorded again. The predictive factors at baseline for all‐cause mortality, CV mortality, and CVE were analyzed by Cox regression. The effects of HD and HDF on these factors at the 6th month and long‐term outcomes were compared by t‐test and Kaplan–Meier method, respectively. Age, gender, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), aortic arch calcification score (AoACS), hemoglobin (Hb) <10 g/dL, and ferritin >500 ng/mL maintained independent associations with all‐cause mortality. C‐reactive protein (CRP), LVMI, AoACS, and Hb <10 g/dL were associated with CV mortality. Prior cardiovascular disease (CVD), AoACS and LVMI were independent predictors of nonfatal CVE. Higher body mass index (BMI), body weight, total serum cholesterol, Hb concentration, and lower CRP level, LVMI, and AoACS were found in patients on HDF at the end of the 6th month. Improved outcomes with longer survival time for all‐cause mortality, CV mortality, and CVE were found in HDF group. Age, gender, LVMI, AoACS, Hb, and ferritin were predictors of all‐cause mortality in MHD patients. CRP, LVMI, AoACS, and Hb were associated with CV mortality. Prior CVD, AoACS, and LVMI were independent predictors of nonfatal CVE. HDF could improve BMI, body weight, total serum cholesterol, Hb, CRP, LVMI, AoACS, and long‐term outcomes, including all‐cause mortality, CV mortality, and CVE.
Non‐random segregation of an autosomal gene in males of the flea beetle, Phyllotreta nemorum: implications for colonization of a novel host plant
Authors: Nielsen Jens Kvist 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe flea beetle, Phyllotreta nemorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), is currently expanding its host plant range in Europe. The ability to utilize a novel host plant, Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. (Brassicaceae), is controlled by major dominant genes named R‐genes. The present study used extensive crossing experiments to illustrate a peculiar mode of inheritance of the R‐gene in a population from Delemont (Switzerland). When resistant males from Delemont are mated with recessive females from a laboratory line, the female F1 offspring contains the R‐allele and is able to utilize B. vulgaris, whereas the male offspring contains the r‐allele and is unable to utilize the plant. This outcome suggests X‐linkage of the R‐gene, but further crossing experiments demonstrated that this was not the case. When the R‐gene is present in offspring from males from a laboratory line that originates from Taastrup (Denmark), it is transmitted to female and male offspring in equal proportions as a normal autosomal gene. The results demonstrate a polymorphism in segregation patterns of an autosomal R‐gene in P. nemorum males. Males from Delemont contain a factor which causes non‐random segregation of the R‐gene (NRS‐factor). This factor is inherited patrilineally (from fathers to sons). Males with the NRS‐factor transmit the R‐gene to their female offspring, whereas males without the NRS‐factor transmit the R‐gene to female and male offspring in equal proportions. Various models for the non‐random segregation of autosomes in P. nemorum males are discussed – e.g., fusions between autosomes and sex chromosomes, and genomic imprinting. The implications of various modes of inheritance of R‐genes for the ability of P. nemorum populations to colonize novel patches of B. vulgaris are discussed.
Processes of psoriasis health care in Germany – long‐term analysis of data from the statutory health insurances
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Glaeske Gerd , Schäfer Ines , Rustenbach Stephan Jeff , Hoer Ariane , Radtke Marc Alexander 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackground: To evaluate health care provision for psoriasis patients, and to better allocate resources, precise knowledge of the health care situation is essential. The goal of this study is to analyze prescription behavior and resource utilization for psoriasis patients in Germany.Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of routinely collected psoriasis data from 2004–2007 from members of a nationwide statutory health insurance company (Gmünder Ersatzkasse). A descriptive analysis was done on physician care, hospitalizations, and medications and related costs. Results: 34,728 of the 913,145 continuously insured patients were diagnosed with psoriasis (one‐year prevalence: 2.3–2.5%). At the time of the initial diagnosis, 68% of patients were treated by a dermatologist and 28% by a general practitioner (GP). Over the next 21 months, the proportion of patients seen by a dermatologist decreased to 22% and the proportion seen by a GP increased to around 70%. 15.2% of patients were absent at least once from work. 79.5% received prescriptions with an average cost of € 135 per patient per year. 97.5% of patients received topical therapy; 11% got systemic therapies. Biologics were given to about 0.1% of patients. Significant differences in prescription behavior were seen between regions and physician groups. Conclusion: Psoriasis is an important economic and medical issue. The majority of insured patients take prescription therapies. Dermatologists are most often the first health care provider.
Cognitive Structures in Women with Sexual Dysfunction: The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas
Authors: Oliveira Cátia , Nobre Pedro J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cognitive schemas are often related to psychological problems. However, the role of these structures within sexual problems is not yet well established.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and importance of early maladaptive schemas on women's sexual functioning and cognitive schemas activated in response to negative sexual events.

Methods
A total of 228 women participated in the study: a control sample of 167 women without sexual problems, a subclinical sample of 37 women with low sexual functioning, and a clinical sample of 24 women with sexual dysfunction.

Main Outcome Measures
Participants completed several self-reported measures: the Schema Questionnaire, the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Female Sexual Function Index.

Results
Findings indicated that women with sexual dysfunction presented significantly more early maladaptive schemas from the Impaired Autonomy and Performance domain, particularly failure (P &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.08), dependence/incompetence (P &lt; 0.05, η2 = 0.03), and vulnerability to danger (P &lt; 0.05, η2 = 0.04). Additionally, in response to negative sexual events, women with sexual dysfunction presented significantly higher scores on incompetence (P &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.16), self-depreciation (P &lt; 0.01, η2 = 0.05), and difference/loneliness (P &lt; 0.01, η2 = 0.05) schemas.

Conclusions
Results supported differences between women with and without sexual problems regarding cognitive factors. This may have implications for the knowledge, assessment, and treatment of sexual dysfunction in women.
Use of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage C (III) rectal cancer: Comparison of data from matched patients in a teaching hospital's clinico‐pathological database
Authors: KHO Patricia , CHAPUIS Pierre H. , BEALE Philip , BOKEY Les , DENT Owen F , CLARKE Stephen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAims:  Controversy continues regarding the treatment of patients with resectable rectal cancer, particularly in regard to the effects of adjuvant therapies on long‐term survival. The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy alone in patients with stage III rectal cancer after curative resection remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the overall survival of patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of a stage III rectal cancer (111 patients) with the survival of a historical control group who had surgery alone before chemotherapy was introduced (129 patients).Methods:  Treatment and outcomes data were drawn from a prospective hospital registry of consecutive patients who had a resection for stage III rectal cancer.Results:  The estimated Kaplan–Meier overall 5‐year survival rate in patients who received chemotherapy (68.7%, 95% CI 58.3–77.1%, log‐rank P < 0.001) was improved compared with the historical controls (40.5%, 95% CI 31.4–49.5%, log–rank P < 0.001 ). No systematic differences between the treated and control group were found.Conclusion:  This study has shown improved survival after adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III rectal cancer as compared with historical controls treated by surgery alone. Hence, there could be subsets of patients whom when treated with surgery in a specialized surgical unit, may benefit from chemotherapy and spared the toxicities of adjuvant radiotherapy. This should be explored further in a cooperative trial group setting.