bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transanal eco-Doppler evaluation after hemorrhoidal artery embolization
Authors: Tutino Roberta , Stecca Tommaso , Farneti Fabrizio , Massani Marco , Santoro Giulio Aniello 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Hemorrhoidal artery embolization (Emborrhoid) is a novel method for the treatment of severe hemorrhoidal bleeding. Despite having a technical success rate of 93%-100%, the clinical success ranges between 63% and 94%, with a rebleeding rate of 13.6%.
AIM
To evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure in reducing hemorrhoidal flow and hemorrhoidal bleeding.
METHODS
This prospective observational pilot study was conducted at Division of General Surgery 1 and Tertiary Referral Pelvic Floor Center, Treviso Regional Hospital, Italy. In a 2 months period (February-March 2022), consecutive patients with hemorrhoidal bleeding scores (HBSs) ≥ 4, Goligher scores of II or III, failure of non-operative management, and a candidate for Emborrhoid were included. Endoanal ultrasound with eco-Doppler was performed preoperatively and 1 month after the procedure. The primary endpoint was to quantify the changes in arterial hemorrhoidal flow after treatment. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the correlation between the flow changes and the HBS.
RESULTS
Eleven patients underwent Emborrhoid. The overall pretreatment mean systolic peak (MSP) was 14.66 cm/s. The highest MSP values were found in the anterior left lateral (17.82 cm/s at 1 o’clock and 15.88 cm/s at 3 o’clock) and in the posterior right lateral (14.62 cm/s at 7 o’clock and 16.71 cm/s at 9 o’clock) quadrants of the anal canal. After treatment, the overall MSP values were significantly reduced (P = 0.008) although the correlation between MSP and HBS changes was weak (P = 0.570). A statistical difference was found between distal embolization compared with proximal embolization (P = 0.047). However, the coil landing zone was not related to symptoms improvement (P = 1.000). A significant difference in MSP changes was also reported between patients with type 1 and type 2 superior rectal artery (SRA) anatomy (P = 0.040). No relationship between hemorrhoidal grades (P = 1.000), SRA anatomy (P = 1.000) and treatment outcomes was found.
CONCLUSION
The preliminary findings of this pilot study confirm that Emborrhoid was effective in reducing the arterial hemorrhoidal flow in hemorrhoidal disease. However, the correlation between the post-operative MSP and HBS changes was weak. Hemorrhoidal grade, SRA anatomy and type of embolization were not related to treatment outcomes.
Diagnostic and prognostic performances of GALAD score in staging and 1-year mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective study
Authors: Jitpraphawan Oraphan , Ruamtawee Witchakorn , Treewatchareekorn Mala , Sethasine Supatsri 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
The GALAD score has improved early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection rate. The role of the GALAD score in staging and predicting tumor characteristics or clinical outcome of HCC remains of particular interest.
AIM
To determine the diagnostic/prognostic performances of the GALAD score at various phases of initial diagnosis, tumor features, and 1-year mortality of HCC and compare the performance of the GALAD score with those of other serum biomarkers.
METHODS
This prospective, diagnostic/prognostic study was conducted among patients with newly diagnosed HCC at the liver center of Vajira Hospital. Eligible patients had HCC staging allocation using the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) categorization. Demographics, HCC etiology, and HCC features were recorded. Biomarkers and the GALAD score were obtained at baseline. The performance of the GALAD score and biomarkers were prospectively assessed.
RESULTS
Exactly 115 individuals were diagnosed with HCC. The GALAD score increased with disease severity. Between BCLC-0/A and BCLC-B/C/D, the GALAD score predicted HCC staging with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.868 (95%CI: 0.80–0.93). For identifying the curative HCC, the AUC of GALAD score was significantly higher than that of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (0.753) and Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP-L3 (0.706), and as good as that of Protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) (0.897). For detecting aggressive features, the GALAD score gave an AUC of 0.839 (95%CI: 0.75–0.92) and significantly outperformed compared to that of AFP (0.761) and AFP-L3 (0.697), with a trend of superiority to that of PIVKA-II (0.772). The performance to predict 1-year mortality of GALAD score (AUC: 0.711, 95%CI: 0.60–0.82) was better than that of AFP (0.541) and as good as that of PIVKA-II (0.736). The optimal cutoff value of GALAD score was ≥ 6.83, with a specificity of 72.63% for exhibiting substantial reduction in the 1-year mortality.
CONCLUSION
The GALAD model can diagnose HCC at the curative stage, including the characteristic of advanced disease, more than that by AFP and AFP-L3, but not PIVKA-II. The GALAD score can be used to predict the 1-year mortality of HCC.
A Study of Death Due to Railway Accidents: An Autopsy Based Cross Sectional Study Conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: B. Thousif Ahamed  , N . Balaji  , R .Raguram  , S. Balasubramanian  
Published: April 2024

A train accident is defined as “Collision, Derailment, or any other event involving the operation of n- track equipment”. To estimate the pattern of injuries in Railway Accidents and to estimate the Cause of death and Manner of death in Railway Accidents. The present study is conducted in Department of Forensic Medicine, Government Stanley Medical College from January 2020 to December 2020 in all the cases of Railway Accidents subjected to postmortem examination. During the study period, 61 cases were subjected for autopsy, the most common age group is 20 to 40 years. The most commonly injured organ is Brain followed by Liver and most of them died within 12 to 24 hours prior to post mortem examination. The railway fatalities were more of accidental in nature, less frequently suicidal and rarely homicidal. Internal organs commonly involved Brain followed by spinal cord, liver etc., It is also found that injuries to the upper half of the body are more common when compared to that of lower half of the body. The most common cause of death was hemorrhage shock from Multiple injuries, followed by Head injury, Thoracic injury, and Abdominal injury.
Edição especial – Ensino, pesquisa e extensão para (re)construções dialógicas entre universidade(s) e comunidade (s).
Authors: Beatriz Marilene Zazula , Silva Maclóvia Corrêa da , Serafim Milena Pavan , Teodósio Armindo Dos Santos de Sousa 
Published: April 2024

A Universidade assume um papel importante na produção de Ciência e Tecnologia (C&T), e dentre suas missões, está a de construir maneiras de articular a C&T com os atores e atrizes da sociedade. Neste seguimento, as atividades da comunidade científica de ensino, pesquisa e extensão são meios para fazer o estabelecimento desses vínculos. A realização das práticas de ensino envolvem ações extensionistas, sempre de forma indissociável à pesquisa, o que possibilita a abertura da universidade ao processo dialógico com as comunidades, suas demandas, seus saberes e conhecimentos. Com o diálogo entre distintos públicos para responder às dinâmicas institucionais, sociais, políticas, culturais, econômicas e ambientais, é possível elaborar, de forma conjunta, empreendimentos, projetos e trabalhos de C&T orientados aos desenvolvimentos locais, estudos das implicações técnicas e científicas de arranjos. Desta forma, podem ser valorizados os conhecimentos e as tecnologias populares, além daqueles que podem usufruir da tecnociência hegemônica para transformar os modos de produzir, consumir e distribuir as mercadorias. Diante disso, a edição especial tem como objetivo reunir trabalhos que abordem as relações dialógicas entre a academia e a sociedade, considerando as atividades de ensino, pesquisa, extensão e divulgação científica. A Revista Tecnologia e Sociedade (ISSN: 1984-3526) tem como missão contribuir para o entendimento das múltiplas e complexas relações entre a tecnologia e a sociedade, mediante a divulgação de pesquisas e análises teóricas, que possam enriquecer diálogos e debates voltados à promoção da sustentabilidade, da equidade, da justiça, da cidadania e dos direitos.
Bat diversity in the Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam - Results from VIETBIO field training and annotated species list.
Authors: Hayden Bofill Sofía , Mayer Frieder , Thong Vu Dinh 
Published: April 2024

Biodiversity surveys are essential for both academic research and conservation. Integrative approaches that combine morphological, genetic and acoustic aspects for species identification can provide reliable information in taxonomy and evolution. This is especially relevant for those groups with a high degree of cryptic diversity such as bats.
Here, we present the results from a field survey carried out in the Cuc Phuong National Park (CPNP) during 2019 as part of the VIETBIO project and from the examination of specimen collections preserved at the museums of CPNP and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR). In addition, we include an annotated species list, based on this survey and a literature review. We here confirm that CPNP is home to at least 47 bat species belonging to 23 genera and seven families. We recorded ten of these bat species during our field survey. Obtained data in genetics (sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI) supported the morphological identification of the recorded species for which we were able to produce these data. In addition, we include echolocation recordings obtained during our field training with the hope that they may contribute valuable insights to future work concerning the surveyed species. Results from the field survey represent a relevant contribution to biodiversity assessment efforts and, thus, support conservation and management efforts to maintain bat diversity in Vietnam.
New record of Joffre’s pipistrelle, Mirostrellus joffrei (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in China
Authors: Mou Xin , Li Mei , Li Biao , Luo Xiong , Li Song 
Published: April 2024

Mirostrellus joffrei Thomas, 1915 is the sole species within the genus Mirostrellus and its occurrence is notably rare in China. Despite the recent discovery of four previously unreported specimens from western Yunnan, China (Zaoteng River, 25.31°N, 98.80°E, altitude 1451 m) at the National Museum of Prague in the Czech Republic, comprehensive descriptions or detailed accounts of this species within China have yet to be published.
During a field expedition within the Guanyinshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yuanyang, Yunnan, China, a bat was captured using a mist net. The specimen was of moderate size, with its ventral surface presenting a golden-brown hue and its dorsal surface ranging from dark brown to obsidian. The forearm measured 37.31 mm, while the fifth digit was conspicuously diminished in comparison to the others. The snout was robust, featuring prominent buccal glands. It was characterised by a well-developed upper frame and a barely visible low sagittal crest. The upper canines possessed well-developed posterior cusps. The dentition comprised two upper and two lower premolars, with the first upper premolar being notably small and the lower molars being distinctly myotodont. These attributes correspond with the known traits of Mirostrellus joffrei. Phylogenetically, the sequence of this specimen clustered with that of M. joffrei, forming an independent clade. Through an examination of its morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b), cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and recombination activating gene 2 (RAG2) sequences, we identified the specimen as M. joffrei, thus confirming the presence of Joffre’s pipistrelle in China.
Portal Kombat : la nouvelle offensive de désinformation menée par la Russie
Authors: Klen Michel 
Published: April 2024

La Russie, dans le prolongement de l’URSS, mène une offensive permanente de désinformation et de manipulation des opinions publiques. S’appuyant sur Internet et les réseaux sociaux, Moscou s’efforce de déstabiliser l’« Occident collectif ». La France constitue une cible majeure et en a subi les conséquences en Afrique.
Assessment of Vitamin D status of patients with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Edet Mark Matthew , Mbachu Nancy Amalachukwu , Adinma Joseph Ifeanyi Brian-D , Ugwu Chidiebere Emmanuel 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) commonly occurs in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWHIV) and is linked to bone disorders and metabolic and infectious diseases. HIV seropositivity and VDD may worsen the consequences on the individual.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using 90 serum samples from 42 HIV-positive and 48 HIV-negative patients attending the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH). This study was approved by the NAUTH Ethics Committee. Serum Vitamin D levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sociodemographic data were obtained using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Windows version 27, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Overall, 13.3% of the population had suboptimal Vitamin D levels, with 2.2% having VDD and 11.1% having Vitamin D insufficiency. VDD was found in 2.2% and 2.1% of the HIV-positive group and HIV-negative groups, respectively. No significant difference was observed in mean serum Vitamin D levels between the two groups (P > 0.05). Within the HIV-positive group, education, place of living, and skin coloration were associated with suboptimal Vitamin D levels, and only skin coloration was associated with HIV-negative subjects.

Conclusion:
VDD is relatively low in the region; however, it may contribute to poor bone health in PLWHIV. Interventions should target individuals with poor educational attainment, living in rural domains, or dark skin coloration. Studies with large sample size are needed to determine the effects of Vitamin D supplementation or exposure to sunlight on HIV infection.
Use of mind genomics for public health and wellbeing: Lessons from COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Coussa Ayla , Bellissimo Nick , Poulia Kalliopi-Anna , Karavetian Mirey 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Machine learning (ML) tools can be used to analyze human mindsets and forecast behavioral patterns. ML can be used to understand the psychological processes and behavioral principles underlying public decision-making patterns. The aim of this study was to explore participants’ mindsets using ML and accordingly build messages for each mindset to enhance compliance with a public health policy, specifically physical distancing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
An online questionnaire was administered using systematically varied combinations of elements and science of mind genomics. The questions focused on the perceived risk level of COVID-19, strategies to enhance physical distancing compliance, appropriate communicators of the policy, and different physical distancing practices. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants until sample saturation was achieved among residents of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), aged 18– 80 years.

Results:
A total of 117 patients were included in this study. In the total panel, the strongest performing elements were those communicated by the government (P<0.01) and clergy (P < 0.05), with no differences between sex and age groups. Three mindset segments were identified: (1) followers of general strategies for physical distancing, (2) those interested in novel ways of practicing physical distancing, and (3) fascinating onlookers of the pandemic.

Conclusion:
Our results revealed that COVID-19 health-related messages are best communicated by the government and clergy in the UAE. These strategies may aid in the implementation and adoption of other public health policies.
Continuous Analgesia through an Extrapleural Catheter: Ropivacaine Alone versus Ropivacaine with Fentanyl
Authors: Kabir Kaushal , Bharang Madhuri , Gill Brejendra Singh , Sharma Aseem , Arora Kishore Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Thoracotomy incision causes severe debilitating pain. Local anesthetic infusion in extrapleural paravertebral space via a catheter is a good alternative for postoperative analgesia for such patients. The addition of fentanyl to the local anesthetic infusion may further augment the analgesic efficacy of this technique. The aim was to compare the analgesic efficacy of 0.375% ropivacaine with fentanyl and without fentanyl via extrapleural paravertebral catheter (EPVC) for continuous postoperative analgesia.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective comparative study included 40 patients aged 18–60 years belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade I, II, and III posted for thoracic surgery. All the patients received general anesthesia as per the standard institutional protocol, and intubation was done with an appropriate size double-lumen endotracheal tube after giving muscle relaxant. An extrapleural catheter was inserted by the surgeon under direct vision external to the parietal pleura just before thoracotomy closure. Patients were randomly allocated to receive an infusion of 0.375% ropivacaine at 0.15 ml/kg/h in Group R or 0.375% ropivacaine with fentanyl 2 mcg/ml at 0.15 ml/kg/h in Group R.F. The dose or rate of infusion was decreased after 2 days or chest drain removal as the pain subsided. Postoperatively, the pain was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 h after the surgery. Patients who complained of pain with a VAS score of more than or equal to 4 were given injection tramadol 1 mg/kg as rescue analgesic. The peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs), hemodynamic parameters, and incidence of any adverse effect were compared between groups.

Results:
The analgesia duration was comparable in the two groups (3.46 h in Group R vs. 4.60 h in Group R.F, P = 0.091). The mean VAS score at rest as well as during cough was comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean PEFRs between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Fentanyl 2 μg/ml does not increase the duration of analgesia when combined with ropivacaine 0.375% for continuous EPVC infusion.
A Retrospective Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Frozen Sections Compared to Permanent Sections: A 5 Years Study in A Single Tertiary Care Hospital In South Delhi
Authors: Trisal Monal , Jairajpuri Zeeba S. , Khetrapal Shaan , Rana Safia , Mohroo Rubeena , Bushra  , Nakra Rhea , Khan Shazia , Jetley Sujata 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Intraoperative frozen section pathology consultation has long been applied to verify/categorize a lesion, evaluate surgical margins, determine the organ of origin, and assess tissue adequacy for further diagnostic studies. Correlation of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis with final diagnosis can be an important component of an institution’s quality assurance process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance and discordance between frozen section and histopathology diagnosis and to assess the reliability and challenges associated with this rapid diagnostic method.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of all intraoperative consultation in the Frozen Section and Histopathology Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and Hospital, New Delhi from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2022 was performed. During this five-year study period, a total of 185 patients from surgical departments underwent intraoperative consultation. The final diagnosis from the surgical pathology report was compared to the intraoperative consultation diagnosis.

Results:
Frozen section diagnoses were evaluated on all the 185 cases, with 88 cases identified as positive for malignancy and 97 cases as negative for malignancy. On subsequent histopathology paraffin sections, 92 cases were positive and 93 negative for malignancy. The comparison revealed an approximate result concordance of 97.0% and a discordance of 3.0%.

Conclusion:
Frozen section intraoperative consultation is a reliable rapid method for patient diagnosis and management. Monitoring diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative consultation provides substantial information towards the causes of the errors. Our study suggests that more accurate sampling, and knowledge about clinical history and presentation can reduce the limitation and increase the diagnostic accuracy thus avoiding technical errors and reducing result discordance.
Dermatoglyphic Patterns and Body Mass Indices among Medical Students in India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Arun , Singh Archana 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Obesity is a disorder for which environment and genetic factors are responsible. Many genetical inherited disorders including obesity have been found to have an association with dermatoglyphics. The present study was done to know the dermatoglyphic patterns of fingerprints of obese and nonobese medical students.

Materials and Methods:
Fingers and palm prints of both the hands of 150 medical students of 18–24 years were collected with the help of ink pad on A4 size of paper. The fingers and palm prints were studied using handheld magnifying lens and their body mass index was calculated with the help of weight and height.

Results:
In the present cross-sectional study among 150 participants, 78 were male and 72 were female. In male participants, 46.15% were non-obese and 46.15% were obese, whereas 7.7% were underweight. Among 34 female participants, 47.22% were non-obese, 47.22% were obese, and 5.55% were underweight. In a total of 150 participants, the most common dermatoglyphic pattern was loop (49.73%) on the right side (in male it was whorl and in female loop) and whorl (48.27%) was on the left side (in male it was loop and in female it was whorl). In male participants with normal weight, the most common pattern was loop on the right side (49.45%) and whorl (48.33%) on the left side, whereas in nonobese female participants, whorl was the most common pattern on both right (48.24%) and left (50%) side. In obese male participants, whorl was the most common dermatoglyphic pattern on both the right (56.67%) and left side (51.11%), whereas in obese female participants, loop was the common pattern on both the side (57.64% in the right and 46.47% in the left).

Conclusions:
Whorls in both sides, i.e. the right and left hands palmer prints were most commonly found in obese males, whereas loops were most common in both the sides in obese females. Therefore, the presence of whorls and loops can be associated with the obesity in males and females, respectively, with the help of advanced studies to be carried out in the future and the generated hypothetical information can be tested.