bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification for passive robust fault detection using zonotope‐based set‐membership approaches
Authors: Blesa Joaquim , Puig Vicenç , Saludes Jordi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of identification for passive robust fault detection, when a bounded description of the modelling uncertainty is considered, is addressed. Two set‐membership identification methods are introduced to address this problem: the interval predictor and bounded error approaches. These two identification approaches naturally lead to two robust fault detection tests: the direct and inverse tests, respectively, which are also introduced and discussed. Implementation algorithms make use of a zonotope to approximate the parameter uncertainty set. Moreover, underlying hypothesis of both approaches is discussed and applicability conditions are stated. A case study based on a four‐tank system is used to illustrate the applicability and the properties of the two identification approaches as well as the corresponding fault detection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dolphins and coastal fisheries within a marine protected area: mismatch between dolphin occurrence and reported depredation
Authors: Bearzi G. , Bonizzoni S. , Gonzalvo J. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Dolphins are often blamed for reducing fisheries catches and may be killed in retaliation. Depredation of fishing gear in coastal Mediterranean waters is normally caused by bottlenose dolphins. Economic impact, however, may be modest even within areas of reportedly acute conflict.
Boat surveys and interviews were conducted to investigate dolphin occurrence and interactions with fisheries within the 167 km2 Porto Cesareo Marine Protected Area (MPA) in southern Italy. Based on 69 interviews with fishermen using bottom‐set trammel and gill nets, there was reportedly a high occurrence of depredation by bottlenose dolphins. Depredation was reported by 92% of the fishermen operating in or near the MPA, and 67% of them claimed an economic cost in excess of €1000 per year, with a mean reported cost of €2561: a higher impact than in other Mediterranean studies.
According to local fishermen, dolphin occurrence and depredation peaked in spring and autumn, coincident with the study's surveys at sea. Dedicated visual surveys totalling 1255 km of effort, however, resulted in no encounters with cetaceans. Information from interviews and boat surveys was therefore contradictory, suggesting that reports of acute depredation do not imply a constant presence of dolphins within the MPA.
While depredation in the MPA might be caused by wide‐ranging dolphins or incursions occurring overnight, damage may well be overestimated or over‐reported. As local fishermen had previously benefited from subsidies, interviews made during this study could be perceived by some as an opportunity to influence future decision‐making regarding monetary compensation for the impact of depredation.
Evidence from interviews also indicated that species and factors other than dolphins were responsible for part of the damage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zerstörende Belastungsversuche zur Untersuchung des Schubtragverhaltens von vorgespannten Trägern einer Straßenbrücke
Authors: Vill Markus , Torghele Harald , Brunner Helmut , Kollegger Johann 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAb dem Beginn der 1950er Jahre wurde auch in Österreich Spannbeton vermehrt für den Bau von Brückentragwerken eingesetzt. In den Verkehrsnetzen der Schiene und Straße befindet sich eine Vielzahl an Tragwerken, die in diesem Zeitraum errichtet wurden und im Vergleich zu den heutigen Normenwerken geringere Schubbewehrungsgrade aufweisen. Hierbei stellt sich nun die Frage, ob ausreichende Zuverlässigkeit hinsichtlich der Tragfähigkeit nach dem heutigen Stand der Technik vorausgesetzt werden kann. Zur Sicherstellung eines zielgerichteten Einsatzes der Finanzbudgets für Reinvestitionsmaßnahmen und zur Gewährleistung einer hohen Zuverlässigkeit ist es notwendig, Untersuchungen durchzuführen, die Erkenntnisse darüber geben, welches Tragverhalten bei älteren Brücken vorhanden ist und wie sich das Versagen ankündigt.Im Zuge des Abbruchs einer Straßenbrücke erhielt das Institut für Tragkonstruktionen – Betonbau der TU Wien im Jahr 2005 den Auftrag, zerstörenden Versuche zum Schubtragverhalten durchzuführen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beinhaltet eine Beschreibung des Brückenobjektes, die Ergebnisse der Versuche, einen Vergleich mit den rechnerischen Schubtragfähigkeiten nach den heutigen Normenwerken und die Ergebnisse einer nichtlinearen Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnung der Versuche.Ultimate Load Tests on Girders Concerning the Shear Load Behaviour of a Prestressed Road BridgeAt the beginning of the 1950s, the use of prestressed concrete for bridge structures rapidly increased. Many of these structures, which are still in use, have less shear reinforcement than required by current codes. Therefore, the question arises whether sufficient load‐carrying‐capacity (according to the state of the art) can still be ensured or not. In the course of the destruction of a bridge, which was built in the year 1952, the Institute for Structural Engineering at Vienna University of Technology got the possibility to carry out tests concerning the shear load carrying capacity of the continuous beam of a bridge construction. The beams were removed during the demolition work of the bridge. The article contains a description of the bridge structure, the results of the load tests, a comparison of the calculated shear load capacity with the measured loads and the results of a non‐linear finite‐element‐simulation of the tests.
Asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction involving chiral benzimidazoles as organocatalysts
Authors: Mirgane Nitin A. , Karnik Anil V. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract(S)‐(−)‐2‐(α‐hydroxyethyl)‐benzimidazole and (S)‐(+)‐2‐(α‐hydroxybenzyl)‐benzimidazole work as chiral Brønsted bases (BBs) in Diels–Alder reaction between anthrone and maleimides under mild reaction condition. These chiral BBs cause asymmetric induction. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Electronic Prescription on Attainment of Cholesterol Goals
Authors: Michelis Katherine C. , Hassouna Bassel , Owlia Mina , Kelahan Linda , Young Heather A. , Choi Brian G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Although recent federal mandate provides incentives for physicians to use electronic prescribing (e‐prescribing), clinical end points to support its use are lacking.Hypothesis:E‐prescribing should improve low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) goal attainment.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, we queried the electronic medical records (Allscripts Electronic Health Record [EHR]) of a multispecialty outpatient academic medical practice to identify patient encounters during which consecutive lipid panels were drawn in 2007 (n = 2218). The EHR did not include a clinical decision tool for guideline adherence but did include formulary decision support (FDS), which informs physicians about drug costs specific to each patient. Logistic regression was used to examine whether the odds of reaching LDL goal were influenced by e‐prescribing and adjusted for characteristics known to affect prescribing patterns and goal attainment.Results:Of 796 patients not at LDL goal at baseline, 49% (n = 393) were at goal at follow‐up. Patients receiving an e‐prescription with FDS were 59% more likely to achieve LDL goal than those with a manual prescription (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–2.25). Superior LDL goal attainment may be from lower cost of medications; patients with an e‐prescription were significantly more likely to receive a generic statin than patients with a manual prescription (38% vs 22.9%; P = 0.0004), and for each $10 increase in prescription price, the likelihood of being at goal decreased by 5% (odds ratio = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93–0.98).Conclusions:Our study is the first to demonstrate that e‐prescribing with FDS is associated with improved LDL goal attainment. Therefore, e‐prescribing can deliver tangible clinical gains to patients, likely from improved adherence to more affordable treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Presented at American College of Cardiology Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, March 14, 2010.This work was supported in part by the W. T. Gill Jr. Fellowship, George Washington University. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Syncope in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Smith Jason A. , Karalis Dean G. , Rosso Andrea L. , Grothusen John R. , Hessen Scott E. , Schwartzman Robert J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating pain syndrome characterized clinically by severe pain along with signs and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. Presyncope and syncope are common in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of these symptoms in these patients.Hypothesis:Patients with CRPS are more prone to presyncope and syncope as evidenced by head‐up tilt table testing (HUTT).Methods:Patients with CRPS underwent a complete cardiac evaluation that included a 12‐lead electrocardiogram, 2‐dimensional echocardiography, 24‐hour Holter monitoring, and HUTT.Results:Seventy‐four patients with CRPS were evaluated. Eight CRPS patients (10%) could not complete a HUTT due to pain. Of the 66 CRPS patients who completed a HUTT, 15 (37.9%) reported pretest symptoms of presyncope or syncope. Twenty‐eight CRPS patients (42.4%) had a positive HUTT. CRPS patients with lower limb involvement were more likely to have vasovagal syncope or orthostasis on HUTT than those with upper extremity or total body involvement (12 of 18 [67%] vs 16 of 48 [33%]; P = 0.015).Conclusions:Syncope is common in patients with CRPS, especially with lower limb involvement. Autonomic dysregulation of the lower extremities leads to impaired sympathetic vasoconstriction and venous pooling, which can predispose these patients to syncope. Physician awareness of this syndrome will lead to improved recognition and treatment of their symptoms of presyncope or syncope. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Gas Exchange in Disease: Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, and Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Young Iven H. , Bye Peter T.P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractVentilation‐perfusion (a/) inequality is the underlying abnormality determining hypoxemia and hypercapnia in lung diseases. Hypoxemia in asthma is characterized by the presence of lowa/units, which persist despite improvement in airway function after an attack. This hypoxemia is generally attenuated by compensatory redistribution of blood flow mediated by hypoxic vasoconstriction and changes in cardiac output, however, mediator release and bronchodilator therapy may cause deterioration. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have more complex patterns ofa/inequality, which appear more fixed, and changes in blood flow and ventilation have less benefit in improving gas exchange efficiency. The inability of ventilation to match increasing cardiac output limits exercise capacity as the disease progresses. Deteriorating hypoxemia during exacerbations reflects the falling mixed venous oxygen tension from increased respiratory muscle activity, which is not compensated by any redistribution ofa/ratios. Shunt is not a feature of any of these diseases. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have no substantial shunt when managed according to modern treatment regimens. Interstitial lung diseases demonstrate impaired oxygen diffusion across the alveolar‐capillary barrier, particularly during exercise, althougha/inequality still accounts for most of the gas exchange abnormality. Hypoxemia may limit exercise capacity in these diseases and in CF. Persistent hypercapnic respiratory failure is a feature of advancing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CF, closely associated with sleep disordered breathing, which is not a prominent feature of the other diseases. Better understanding of the mechanisms of hypercapnic respiratory failure, and of the detailed mechanisms controlling the distribution of ventilation and blood flow in the lung, are high priorities for future research. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:663‐697, 2011.
Physiology of Endothelin and the Kidney
Authors: Kohan Donald E. , Inscho Edward W. , Wesson Donald , Pollock David M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSince its discovery in 1988 as an endothelial cell‐derived peptide that exerts the most potent vasoconstriction of any known endogenous compound, endothelin (ET) has emerged as an important regulator of renal physiology and pathophysiology. This review focuses on how the ET system impacts renal function in health; it is apparent that ET regulates multiple aspects of kidney function. These include modulation of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, control of renin release, and regulation of transport of sodium, water, protons, and bicarbonate. These effects are exerted through ET interactions with almost every cell type in the kidney, including mesangial cells, podocytes, endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, every section of the nephron, and renal nerves. In addition, while not the subject of the current review, ET can also indirectly affect renal function through modulation of extrarenal systems, including the vasculature, nervous system, adrenal gland, circulating hormones, and the heart. As will become apparent, these pleiotropic effects of ET are of fundamental physiologic importance in the control of renal function in health. In addition, to help put these effects into perspective, we will also discuss, albeit to a relatively limited extent, how alterations in the ET system can contribute to hypertension and kidney disease. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:883‐919, 2011.
Reactive Oxygen Species: Impact on Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Powers Scott K. , Ji Li Li , Kavazis Andreas N. , Jackson Malcolm J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt is well established that contracting muscles produce both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Although the sources of oxidant production during exercise continue to be debated, growing evidence suggests that mitochondria are not the dominant source. Regardless of the sources of oxidants in contracting muscles, intense and prolonged exercise can result in oxidative damage to both proteins and lipids in the contracting myocytes. Further, oxidants regulate numerous cell signaling pathways and modulate the expression of many genes. This oxidant‐mediated change in gene expression involves changes at transcriptional, mRNA stability, and signal transduction levels. Furthermore, numerous products associated with oxidant‐modulated genes have been identified and include antioxidant enzymes, stress proteins, and mitochondrial electron transport proteins. Interestingly, low and physiological levels of reactive oxygen species are required for normal force production in skeletal muscle, but high levels of reactive oxygen species result in contractile dysfunction and fatigue. Ongoing research continues to explore the redox‐sensitive targets in muscle that are responsible for both redox regulation of muscle adaptation and oxidant‐mediated muscle fatigue. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:941‐969, 2011.
Interplay between phase formation mechanisms and magnetism in the Sr2FeMoO6–δ metal‐oxide compound
Authors: Kalanda N. , Demyanov S. , Masselink W. , Mogilatenko A. , Chashnikova M. , Sobolev N. , Fedosenko O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDouble perovskites with the structural formula A2BB′O6±δ, especially the strontium ferromolybdate Sr2FeMoO6–δ, have attracted a lot of attention due to their unique magnetic and electrical properties and a possible application in spintronic devices. However, a strict correlation between the functional characteristics of Sr2FeMoO6–δ and its synthesis technology has been lacking up to date. Thus, we have studied in the present work the crystallization kinetics of Sr2FeMoO6–δ using reagents with different pre‐history as well as the structural and magnetic properties of the obtained compounds. Differences in the crystallization kinetics as well as higher magnetic inhomogeneity of Sr2FeMoO6–δ synthesised from a mixture of MoO3, Fe2O3, SrCO3 in comparison with the compound synthesised from the SrFeO2.5 and SrMoO4–y precursors have been found and interpreted. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stage B work‐hardening of magnesium single crystals
Authors: Sułkowski B. , Chulist R. , Beausir B. , Skrotzki W. , Mikułowski B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe change in microstructure during tensile deformation of magnesium single crystals by basal slip was studied with electron backscatter diffraction in the scanning electron microscope. Two samples were plastically deformed up to shear strains of 0.37 and 1.28 belonging to work‐hardening stages A and B, respectively. The results show that the local misorientations resulting from rotations around the <10$ \bar 1 $0> axis strongly increase the work‐hardening coefficient in stage B. The mechanism of work‐hardening in stage B is discussed with respect to subgrain formation. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence and radiation damage in W, Mg, Ca doped Bi4Ge3O12 crystals
Authors: Yu Pingsheng , Su Liangbi , Tang Huili , Zhao Hengyu , Guo Xin , Yang Qiuhong , Xu Jun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSpectral properties and radiation damage in W, Mg and Ca doped Bi4Ge3O12 (W:BGO, Mg:BGO, Ca:BGO) crystals before and after thermal treatment and gamma‐ray (γ‐) or ultraviolet (UV) radiation were studied. The absorption and the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of doped BGO crystals in visible region were measured. Before γ or UV radiation, the emission intensity of W:BGO crystal is stronger than that of pure BGO at about 500 nm. After γ radiation (10k Gy), the emission intensities of doped BGO are all weaker than pure BGO under identically condition. However, the emission intensity of W:BGO is stronger than that of pure BGO after UV exposure (10k Gy). Thermal treated (annealed in N2 at 550 °C for 6 h) W:BGO has shown a much stronger emission intensity than others. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High spatial resolution semi‐automatic crystallite orientation and phase mapping of nanocrystals in transmission electron microscopes
Authors: Moeck P. , Rouvimov S. , Rauch E. F. , Véron M. , Kirmse H. , Häusler I. , Neumann W. , Bultreys D. , Maniette Y. , Nicolopoulos S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA semi‐automatic technique for the mapping of nanocrystal phases and orientations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is described. It is based primarily on the projected reciprocal lattice geometry, but also utilizes the intensity of reflections that are extracted from precession‐enhanced electron diffraction spot patterns of polycrystalline materials and multi‐material composites. At the core of the method, experimental (precession‐enhanced) electron diffraction spot patterns are cross correlated with pre‐calculated templates for a set of model structures. The required hardware facilitates a scanning‐precession movement of the primary electron beam on the polycrystalline and/or multi‐material sample and can be interfaced to any newer or older mid‐voltage TEM. The software that goes with this hardware is so flexible in its intake of experimental data that it can also create crystallite orientation and phase maps of nanocrystals from the amplitude part of Fourier transforms of high resolution TEM images. Experimentally obtained crystallite orientation and phase maps are shown for a clausthalite nanocrystal powder sample, polycrystalline aluminum and copper films, fine‐grained palladium films, as well as MnAs crystallites that are partly embedded in a GaAs wafer. Comprehensive open‐access and commercial crystallographic databases that may provide reference data in support of the nanocrystal phase identification process of the software are briefly mentioned. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of spindle‐shaped α‐FeOOH and α‐Fe2O3 nanocrystals
Authors: Liang Jun , Luo Min , Yang Caihong , Fang Junzhuo , Li Li 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSpindle‐shaped α‐FeOOH nanocrystals were facilely synthesized using a poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)‐assisted route under hydrothermal conditions. The chemical compositions and morphol‐ogies of the as‐prepared samples were characterized in detail by X‐ray power diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The experimental results reveal that these spindle‐shaped α‐FeOOH nanocrystals have self‐organized into assemblies with hierarchical nanostructures. The crucial roles of PVP in the hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical α‐FeOOH nanostructures were discussed. The possible formation mechanism was also suggested. Moreover, the spindle‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 nanocrystals could be easily obtained after calcining the α‐FeOOH prepared by the PVP‐assisted hydrothermal process. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cd2Ge2O6 nanowires grown by a simple hydrothermal route
Authors: Pei L. Z. , Yang Y. , Pei Y. Q. , Yuan C. Z. , Duan T. K. , Zhang Q.‐F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCd2Ge2O6 nanowires have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal route in the absence of any surfactants. The diameter and length of the Cd2Ge2O6 nanowires with flat tips are 30‐300 nm and several dozens of micrometers, respectivley. X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy results show that the nanowires are composed of monoclinic Cd2Ge2O6 phase. The growth condition dependence results show that the formation of the Cd2Ge2O6 nanowires undergoes three morphological changes from spherical particles to nanorods, and finally to nanowires. The photoluminescence spectrum of the Cd2Ge2O6 nanowires exhibits three fluorescence emission peaks centered at 422 nm, 490 nm and 528 nm showing the potential application for optical devices. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)