bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACTORS INDUCING DIAPAUSE IN HYPHANTRIA CUNEA
Authors: Morris R. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDiapause induction in Hyphantria cunea is under the joint control of photo-period, temperature, humidity, food quality, and possibly other variables, but insufficient data are available to permit a precise evaluation of their actions and interactions. Short daylength and low temperature induce diapause and the critical thresholds for New Brunswick – Nova Scotia populations are in the vicinity of 14.3 hours and 72°F, respectively. Low humidity increases the incidence of diapause, as does also the change in the nutritional quality of foliage late in the season. Both field data and the extrapolation of laboratory data to field conditions indicate that the occurrence of a partial second generation is unlikely in this area, even in warm seasons.
THE EFFECTS OF BARK MOISTURE ON POLYGRAPHUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ADULTS AND THEIR DEVELOPING BROODS
Authors: Beanlands G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of bark moisture content on the survival and development of Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby). Adults and immature stages were reared in white spruce bark of five different moisture contents for 20, 40, and 60 days. Adult activity and brood success were related to the moisture content of the bark with the adverse effects of the drier bark becoming more pronounced with time. After 40 days factors associated with high bark moisture levels, such as fungus and rate of decomposition, may have been responsible for a decrease in survival and rate of development in the moister bark.
ERYTHRONEURA LEAFHOPPERS FROM BIRCHES IN NEW BRUNSWICK: II. SUBGENUS ERATONEURA (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Varty I. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn New Brunswick at least nine species of Erythroneura leafhoppers feed and oviposit on birch trees. The appearance and ecological requirements of two species in the subgenus Eratoneura are described.
The Effect of Temperature on the Immature Stages of Culiseta inornata (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Laboratory
Authors: Hanec W. , Brust R. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA study was initiated to determine the effects of various constant and alternating temperatures on the survival and development of the immature stages of Culiseta inornata (Williston). Eggs did not hatch at 2° and 5 °C. but at 10°, 15°, 21° and 26 °C. between 83 and 96% hatched. Larvae required up to 239 days to reach the pupal stage at 5 °C. but no adults emerged at this temperature. The optimum temperature for rearing C. inornata was near 21 °C. Temperatures below 21 °C. caused an extended period of development; above 21 °C. high mortality occurred among late instar larvae and pupae.
EFFECT ON ADULT EMERGENCE OF WHOLE AND PARTIAL X-IRRADIATION OF PUPAE OF THE HOUSEFLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA NEBULO
Authors: Nair K. K. , Bhaskaran G. , Sivasubramanian P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIrradiation of specific regions of 5- to 20-h-old housefly pupae with X-rays shows that exposure of anterior seven segments alone to 1200 r prevents adult emergence, whereas irradiation of posterior region with doses up to 10,000 r has no effect on this phenomenon. It is evident that the target organ, damage to which results in the failure of adult emergence, lies in the anterior seven segments. It is suggested that failure to emerge is due to a direct effect of radiation on the differentiating myoblasts leading to dystrophy of the muscles.
FATE OF THE SAN JOSÉ SCALE AND THE EUROPEAN FRUIT SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) ON APPLES AND PRUNES HELD IN STANDARD COLD STORAGE AND CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE
Authors: Morgan C. V. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, died within 84 to 140 days on Winesap apples harvested in early October and placed in standard cold storage or controlled atmosphere storage under laboratory or commercial conditions. The scale died more quickly in controlled atmosphere storage than in standard cold storage. The black caps of the first instar stage were the most resistant to mortality factors in cold storage. It is suggested that Winesap apples infested with the San José scale can be given an inspection certificate for export that guarantees freedom from live scale if the fruit has been stored for specified periods.The San José scale on Italian prunes died within 34 days when the harvested fruit was kept in standard cold storage.A complete mortality of the European fruit scale, Aspidiotus ostreaeformis Curtis, on Hyslop crab, McIntosh, or Newtown apples, could not be obtained, in any type of storage.
RESPONSES BY DIPRION HERCYNIAE (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) TO ITS FOOD PLANT AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ITS PARASITE DRINO BOHEMICA (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)
Authors: Monteith L. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe sawfly Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) prefers the old to the new growth of its preferred food plant, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. The similarity between the responses by the sawfly and those by one of its parasites, the tachinid Drino bohemica Mesn., and the significance of this similarity are discussed.
THE PIGEON TREMEX, TREMEX COLUMBA (HYMENOPTERA: SIRICIDAE), IN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Stillwell M. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn New Brunswick, Tremex columba (Linnaeus) has a minimum life cycle of 2 years. Adults oviposit most commonly in weakened or injured beech trees (Fagus grandifolia Ehrhart) from about 15 August to 15 October and lay two to five eggs in each oviposition hole. The blackish eggs either hatch in 2–4 weeks or hatch the next May or early June. The larvae tunnel in wood infected with the fungus Daedalea unicolor Buller ex Fries. This fungus is closely associated with each stage of female development. Eggs laid in the absence of the fungus hatch but the larvae do not develop beyond the first instar. T. columba passes the second winter in the larval stage and the adults begin to emerge in August. During each year of observation, males began emerging before females. The emerging females often lay eggs in the galleries and the progenies are male. Three species of Megarhyssa are the chief parasites of T. columba larvae in New Brunswick.
POSTGLACIAL COLONIZATION OF CANADA BY ITS SUBBOREAL WINTER STONEFLIES OF THE GENUS ALLOCAPNIA
Authors: Ross Herbert H. , Rotramel George L. , Martin John E. H. , McAlpine J. Frank 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe three boreal species of the winter stonefly genus Allocapnia, minima (Newport), pygmaea (Burmeister), and illinoensis Frison are subboreal species whose ranges include a band across eastern Canada from the western end of Lake Superior to the east coast; minima occurs also in Newfoundland. An analysis of variation in pygmaea and illinoensis suggests that during the Wisconsin glacial maximum these two species occurred south of the ice in the Cumberland Plateau region in east-central United States, and that they dispersed first northward through the Appalachians, then east and west into their present range. Geoclimatic evidence suggests that minima did not persist in Newfoundland during the glacial maximum. Its ecological similarity to pygmaea suggests that minima also persisted in the Cumberland Plateau area and dispersed in the same fashion as the other two species.
NORTH AMERICAN NITIDULIDAE (COLEOPTERA): IV. EPURAEA ASSOCIATED WITH FUNGI OF PINE AND OAK
Authors: Parsons Carl T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeveral species of Epuraea have been reared from fungi causing diseases of pine and oak over much of northern United States and Canada. Epuraea obliquus Hatch and E. boreades new species are described and figured. Three other species, E. avara (Rand.), E. corticina Er., and E. terminalis Mann., were reared from oak wilt fungus mats.
RELATIVE DENSITIES OF PREDACIOUS AND PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES ON THREE VARIETIES OF APPLE TREES
Authors: Downing R. S. , Moilliet T. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn two well-kept but nonsprayed orchards, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), was more numerous and caused more leaf damage to Delicious than to Spartan or McIntosh apple trees. The predacious phytoseiid mites, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Neoseiulus caudiglans (Schuster), were more numerous on both Spartan and McIntosh than on Delicious. The differences in the external structure of the leaves may be the reason for the greater abundance of phytoseiids on Spartan and McIntosh.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE ON THE TOXICITY OF SIX CARBAMATES TO THE GRASSHOPPER MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (= M. BILITURATUS)
Authors: McKinlay K. S. , Martin W. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSix carbamates, Niagara 10242, Niagara 10586, Niagara 10559, carbaryl, Baygon, and Bayer 44646, had negative temperature coefficients of toxicity to second instar nymphs of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab.). The intensity of the negative temperature effect was inversely related to the basic toxicity of each compound. Piperonyl butoxide synergized all six compounds, but the amount of synergism was not related to basic toxicity. The results suggested that several carbamate detoxication mechanisms of varying importance for different carbamates occur in grasshoppers. Whereas all of these mechanisms appeared to be equally affected by post-treatment temperature, they were not all equally inhibited by piperonyl butoxide.
The Nearctic obscurusella Group of the Genus Chionodes (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Sattler K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSix nearctic species of the genus Chionodes Hübner feeding on Acer (3), Quercus (2), and Salix (1) are dealt with. Keys to the species based on male and female genitalia are presented. Moths and genitalia are described, male and female genitalia are figured, and distribution maps are included. Two new species are described: Chionodes acerella n. sp. from British Columbia, on Acer sp.; Chionodes salicella n. sp. from British Columbia, on Salix sp.
LEUCOPIS SIMPLEX (DIPTERA: CHAMAEMYIIDAE) AND OTHER SPECIES OCCURRING IN GALLS OF PHYLLOXERA VITIFOLIAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE) IN ONTARIO
Authors: Stevenson A. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAt least seven species of arthropods were found in or associated with leaf galls of the grape phylloxera, Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch), on cultivated and wild grapes in Ontario, Leucopis simplex Loew and Lestodiplosis grassator (Fyles) were the most common species. Larvae of both preyed upon eggs of the phylloxera; whether they attacked other stages was not determined, nor was their effect on gall populations. L. grassator occurred almost exclusively on wild grapes; L. simplex was found in galls on both cultivated and wild grapes, associated with all generations of the leaf form of phylloxera. L. simplex was parasitized by Melanips sp. and Lygocerus sp. Another predator, Scymnus cervicalis Muls., occurred rarely. Thrips, mites, and neuropterous larvae were also found occasionally, but predation by these species was not demonstrated.
THE PERSISTENCE OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS IN THE HABITAT OF THE HOST INSECT, TRICHOPLUSIA NI II.: POLYHEDRA IN SOIL
Authors: Jaques R. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe viral activity of soil treated with polyhedra of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), was determined at intervals by bioassay. Soil in plots treated in 1961 at a rate of 6.4 × 1010 polyhedra per square meter of surface contained about 25% of the original infective virus more than 5 years after treatment. A similar rate of decline in viral activity occurred in plots treated with polyhedra in 1963. Viral activity of soil retained under artificial conditions decreased more rapidly.Field and laboratory tests showed that foliage of cruciferous plants grown in soil treated with polyhedra was contaminated with the virus, probably largely by virus-laden soil being splashed onto foliage by rain.
Notes on the Extralimital Distribution of Some Species of Coleoptera
Authors: Brown W. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Atlantic Provinces received many coleopterous immigrants from Europe during colonial times. These immigrants live in man-made habitats, and they show unnaturally restricted distributional patterns. Many were introduced independently to regions about Puget Sound, and there were multiple introductions in the East. Parthenogenesis is a factor in the establishment of imported otiorhynchine weevils. Imported species not previously reported from North America are Abax parallelopipedus (Pill. & Mitt.), Eusphalerum torquatum (Marsh.), Meligethes viridescens (Fab.), and Longitarsus luridus (Scop.). Aphodius tenellus Say is strictly North American and has been confused with the Eurasian species that should be known as uliginosus Hardy. American records of Sitona tibialis (Hbst.) and probably those of S. discoideus Gyll. are based on S. scissifrons Say, which is native to North America. The Alaskan Philostratus ptinoides (Germ.) occurs, evidently as an import, in eastern Canada. New synonymy is proposed: Thes bergrothi (Reitter, 1880) = Enicmus tricarinatus Brown, 1934; Aphodius borealis Gyllenhal, 1827 = A. errans Brown, 1930. Notes are given on the distribution, characters, or nomenclature of other species.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF STENODYNERUS CLAREMONTENSIS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)
Authors: Markin George P. , Gittins Arthur R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDetailed descriptions and illustrations are given for the immature stages (egg, larva, prepupa, and pupa) of Stenodynerus claremontensis (Cameron), a solitary ground-nesting vespid wasp from the western United States. Special attention is given characteristics which may be used to separate the four larval instars.
A NEW SPECIES OF DIROPHANES (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) PARASITIC ON CHORISTOISEURA PINUS IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN
Authors: Allen Douglas C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species of Dirophanes parasitic on Choristoneura pinus Free. is described in comparison with its closest relative D. spinicoxus Viereck and a species it superficially resembles, Phaeogenes cacoeciae Viereck. A key to the three species is included.
ON THE BIOLOGY OF HYLASTES NIGRINUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN WESTERN OREGON
Authors: Zethner-Møller O. , Rudinsky J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDuring 1965–66, studies of a large population of Hylastes nigrinus (Mannerheim), breeding in roots and stumps of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, killed by Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins in 1964, were conducted on Marys Peak in western Oregon, near the city of Corvallis.The emergence and flight of H. nigrinus were at their maximum in late April and early May. Emergence was strongly influenced by temperature and seldom occurred at temperatures below 61° and above 75°F. Flight behavior was strongly affected by light intensity, peaking at intensities between 300 and 1200 ft-c during the late afternoon or early evening. Maturation feeding was found to take place on small roots of dead, old Douglas-fir and on roots of young Douglas-fir weakened after replanting. Egg-galleries, normally running parallel with the grain of the wood, were initiated in June and eggs were kid from the end of that month. Five larval instars were found. Adult beetles as well as full-grown larvae overwintered in the galleries. The majority of the population completed development in 1 year.The larval population of H. nigrinus was heavily decimated during the fall of 1965 by larvae of the dipteron fly, Medetera vidua Wheeler (Doliohopodidae). Emergence data are presented for scolytid, curculionid, cerambycid, and buprestid species competing with H. nigrinus in stumps or roots.
Seasonal Population Trends and Extensive Census Methods for Hyphantria cunea
Authors: Morris R. F. , Bennett C. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis is the fourth in a series of papers leading to the development of population models for Hyphantria cunea Drury in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. In 1961 and 1962 seasonal trends were obtained for moth eclosion, larval development, nest population, parasitism, and other factors. It is concluded that one annual census of nests from a moving vehicle can provide an effective method for comparing changes in population and natural control factors over diverse climatic areas. The timing of the census in each area is important, as well as the collection of nests for data on development, colony size, parasitism, and predation.The seasonal trends also add support to earlier hypotheses concerning the role of weather in the population dynamics of H. cunea, and reveal the nature of an important interaction between the mortality induced by weather and that induced by the main parasite, Campoplex validus Cress.
Insect Parasites of the Armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with Notes on Species Observed in Ontario
Authors: Guppy J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSixty-nine species of primary insect parasites and 12 associated hyperparasites of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), are listed. All the species occur in the United States or Canada or both; two have been recorded from the host only in Hawaii.Observations on 23 of the primary species in Canada are reported with particular reference to host-parasite relationships, general distribution, and the degree of parasitism by the principal species. Seven secondary parasites and their primary parasite hosts are discussed.
Subversion of Innate Immune Responses byBrucellathrough the Targeted Degradation of the TLR Signaling Adapter, MAL
Authors: Sengupta Dola , Koblansky Alicia , Gaines Jennifer , Brown Tim , West A. Phillip , Zhang Dekai , Nishikawa Tak , Park Sung-Gyoo , Roop R. Martin , Ghosh Sankar 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGram-negative bacteria belonging to the Brucella species cause chronic infections that can result in undulant fever, arthritis, and osteomyelitis in humans. Remarkably, Brucella sp. genomes encode a protein, named TcpB, that bears significant homology with mammalian Toll/IL-1 receptor domains and whose expression causes degradation of the phosphorylated, signal competent form of the adapter MyD88-adapter–like (MAL). This effect of TcpB is mediated through its box 1 region and has no effect on other TLR adapter proteins such as MyD88 or TIR-domain containing adapter protein-inducing IFNβ. TcpB also does not affect a mutant, signal-incompetent form of MAL that cannot be phosphorylated. Interestingly, the presence of TcpB leads to enhanced polyubiqitination of MAL, which is likely responsible for its accelerated degradation. A Brucella abortus mutant lacking TcpB fails to reduce levels of MAL in infected macrophages. Therefore, TcpB represents a unique pathogen-derived molecule that suppresses host innate-immune responses by specifically targeting an individual adapter molecule in the TLR signaling pathway for degradation.
Mitochondrial Respiratory
C
omplex
II
Authors: Bartlam Mark , Sun Fei , Rao Zihe 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory Complex II, or succinate : ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR), is an integral membrane protein complex in both the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and aerobic respiration. To date, X‐ray crystal structures of mitochondrial respiratory Complex II have been reported from porcine heart and from chicken, as well as the structures of a number of related bacterial SQR or quinol : fumarate oxidoreductase (QFR) structures. Complex II comprises of two hydrophilic proteins (flavoprotein (Fp) and iron–sulfur protein (Ip)) and two transmembrane proteins (CybL and CybS), as well as prosthetic groups required for electron transfer from succinate to ubiquinone. A proximal ubiquinone site (Qp) is located on the matrix side of the protein complex. Inhibitor‐bound structures using 3‐nitropropionate (NPA), 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), and carboxin provide further functional details for Complex II. NPA, a succinate analog, confirms the location of the succinate binding site. TTFA, a classical inhibitor for the ubiquinone reduction of Complex II that works by occupying its ubiquinone binding sites, confirms the location of the Qp site in both porcine heart and chicken structures. The available Complex II structures provide models for studying the mitochondrial respiratory system and human mitochondrial diseases related to mutations in this complex.
Manganese Catalase
Authors: Barynin Vladimir V , Whittaker James W 
Published: December 2009

AbstractManganese catalase (a.k.a. pseudocatalase, nonheme catalase) is an antioxidant defense metalloenzyme that is broadly distributed over prokaryotic life. While functionally related to heme catalases, manganese catalases have a distinct protein structure based on a four‐helix bundle architecture that is more closely related to the oxygen‐activating iron metalloproteins ferritin and ribonucleotide reductase. Manganese catalase contains a pair of manganese ions bound in the core of the four‐helix bundle in a solvent‐bridged binuclear cluster that serves as the catalytic active site for hydrogen peroxide disproportionation. Both metal ions are redoxactive, cycling between divalent and trivalent oxidation states during catalytic turnover.
Column Theory and Resolution in Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Haddad Paul R. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Fundamental theory of liquid chromatography is covered, including the thermodynamic and kinetic processes underlying chromatographic retention. Key chromatographic terms are defined. Processes which lead to band‐broadening phenomena and resultant loss of separation efficiency are then discussed. Next, factors which influence the resolution between analyte peaks are outlined in a discussion of the resolution equation. Finally, peak capacity is discussed in terms of its effect on the probability that a desired separation will be achieved.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Zoski Cynthia G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) involves the measurement of current through an ultramicroelectrode (UME) tip when it is held or moved in a solution in the vicinity of a substrate. The substrate perturbs the electrochemical response of the tip, and this perturbation provides information about the nature and properties of the substrate. SECM has the advantage of very high spatial resolution and versatility for the detection of both electroactive and nonelectroactive species. It combines the virtues of electrochemistry at UMEs with those of an adjustable thin‐layer cell and allows one to make steady‐state measurements of the type carried out with the rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE), but with greater ease in fabrication, comparable rates of mass transfer, and without the requirement of forced convection. SECM has been applied to studies involving many different kinds of systems including electrode surfaces, liquid–liquid interfaces, and biological samples with micrometer and nanometer resolution. Commercial SECM systems exist, which facilitate such investigations.