bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen‐induced eccrine squamous syringometaplasia
Authors: Teoh David C‐W. , Aw Derrick C‐W. , Jaffar Huma , Ling Winnie , Yong Wei‐Peng , Lee Yoke‐Sun , Choo Shoa‐Nian , Tan Kong‐Bing 
Published: March 2012

A 74‐year‐old woman had carcinoma of her right breast for which surgery was performed. Four weeks following the start of tamoxifen therapy, she developed papules and plaques over her face, trunk and limbs. A skin biopsy showed perivascular and periadnexal mixed inflammatory cellular infiltrate with fibroplasia. Notably, the dermis also showed squamous epithelial islands, which in foci were noted to be closely associated with eccrine epithelium. This was confirmed with double peroxidase – alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry – the eccrine lumina highlighted with carcinoembryonic antigen (polyclonal) and the squamous metaplasia positive for cytokeratin 5/6. Eccrine squamous syringometaplasia was diagnosed. With close clinicopathological correlation, the cutaneous eruption was attributed to tamoxifen. Following discontinuation of the drug, the eruption resolved. Eccrine squamous syringometaplasia has been reported to occur in association with diverse conditions, including skin ulcers, burns and as a cutaneous adverse drug reaction, most commonly to chemotherapeutic drugs. This is believed to be the first report involving tamoxifen.Teoh DC‐W, Aw DC‐W, Jaffar H, Ling W, Yong W‐P, Lee Y‐S, Choo S‐N, Tan K‐B. Tamoxifen‐induced eccrine squamous syringometaplasia.
A false positive for clozapine using high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
Authors: Lertxundi Unax , Manrique Margarita H. , Echaburu Saioa D. , Martinez Manuel 
Published: March 2012

Background:We report a case of a false positive for clozapine, when analysing serum levels using a high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection method.Methods:A patient not taking clozapine tested positive for clozapine three times in two different samples. This false positive was discovered by chance, because of an administrative error made in the first analytic test request.Results:The analysis of the first sample with a more specific method [HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)] showed that no clozapine was present.Conclusions:It is important to acknowledge that depending on the method employed, a false positive should not be ruled out as a possibility. Moreover, and even more worryingly, it should also be taken into account that clozapine serum levels could be tested erroneously high if the unknown interference is present and the HPLC-UV method is used. Although the interfering compound could not be identified, the possibility of a cross-reaction when analysing serum clozapine levels with the HPLC-UV method warrants urgent attention.
Oral health care and aspiration pneumonia in frail older people: a systematic literature review
Authors: van der Maarel‐Wierink Claar D. , Vanobbergen Jackie N.O. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Schols Jos M. G. A. , de Baat Cees 
Published: March 2012

Objective:  To systematically review the literature on oral health care interventions in frail older people and the effect on the incidence of aspiration pneumonia.Background:  Oral health care seems to play an important role in the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in frail older people.Methods:  Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched for eligible intervention studies. Only publications with regard to hospitalized or institutionalized older people, who were not dependent on mechanical ventilation were eligible. Two authors independently assessed the publications for their methodological quality.Results:  Five publications were included and reviewed. Two studies showed that improvement of oral health care diminished the risk of developing aspiration pneumonia and the risk of dying from aspiration pneumonia directly. The three studies remaining showed that adequate oral health care decreased the amount of potential respiratory pathogens and suggested a reduction in the risk of aspiration pneumonia by improving the swallowing reflex and cough reflex sensitivity.Conclusions:  According to the results of the current systematic literature review oral health care, consisting of tooth brushing after each meal, cleaning dentures once a day, and professional oral health care once a week, seems the best intervention to reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia.
Intermittent Flushing with Heparin Versus Saline for Maintenance of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in a Medical Department: A Pragmatic Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Bertolino Giampiera , Pitassi Antonietta , Tinelli Carmine , Staniscia Andrea , Guglielmana Barbara , Scudeller Luigia , Luigi Balduini Carlo 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Three meta‐analyses conducted in the 1990s concluded that the effect of intermittent flushing with heparin at low concentration (10 U/mL) was equivalent to that of 0.9% sodium chloride flushes in preventing occlusion or superficial phlebitis. No firm conclusion was reached on the safety and efficacy of heparin concentrations of 100 U/mL used as an intermittent flush.Purpose: To determine whether flushing peripheral intravenous catheters with 3 mL of a 100 U heparin/mL solution instead of saline improves the outcome of infusion devices.Methods: Cluster‐randomized, controlled, two‐arm, open trial, conducted in a research and teaching hospital in Northern Italy, involving 214 medical patients without contraindications to heparin: 107 randomly allocated to heparin and 107 to saline flushes (control group). Main outcome measure was catheter occlusion and catheter‐related phlebitis.Results: Patients with either phlebitis or occlusion were 45 (42.1%) in the heparin group and 68 (63.6%) in the saline group (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.24–0.72; p= 0.002); patients with occlusion alone were 23 (21.5%) and 47 (43.9%), respectively (p= 0.03); patients with phlebitis alone were 28 (26.2%) and 56 (52.6%) respectively (p= <0.001). Similar results were obtained when the analysis was based on catheters. No heparin severe side effects were identified.Limitations: Lack of blinding, patient selection, cluster randomization of periods of treatment.Conclusions: Heparin 100 U/mL in the maintenance of peripheral venous catheters was more effective than saline solution, in that it reduced the number of catheter‐related phlebitis/occlusions and the number of catheters per patient, with potential advantages to both patients and the health system. It also appeared safe. However, subjects with platelet or coagulation defects were excluded, and, therefore, caution should be used when prescribing this type of catheter maintenance to patients at risk of bleeding.
The structure of Ca2+‐loaded S100A2 at 1.3‐Å resolution
Authors: Koch Michael , Fritz Günter 
Published: March 2012

S100A2 is an EF‐hand calcium ion (Ca2+)‐binding protein that activates the tumour suppressor p53. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the Ca2+‐induced activation of S100A2, the structure of Ca2+‐bound S100A2 was determined at 1.3 Å resolution by X‐ray crystallography. The structure was compared with Ca2+‐free S100A2 and with other S100 proteins. Binding of Ca2+ to S100A2 induces small structural changes in the N‐terminal EF‐hand, but a large conformational change in the C‐terminal EF‐hand, reorienting helix III by approximately 90°. This movement is accompanied by the exposure of a hydrophobic cavity between helix III and helix IV that represents the target protein interaction site. This molecular reorganization is associated with the breaking and new formation of intramolecular hydrophobic contacts. The target binding site exhibits unique features; in particular, the hydrophobic cavity is larger than in other Ca2+‐loaded S100 proteins. The structural data underline that the shape and size of the hydrophobic cavity are major determinants for target specificity of S100 proteins and suggest that the binding mode for S100A2 is different from that of other p53‐interacting S100 proteins.Database
Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank database under the accession number 4DUQStructured digital abstract
S100A2 and S100A2 bind by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
Drug target validation of the trypanothione pathway enzymes through metabolic modelling
Authors: Olin‐Sandoval Viridiana , González‐Chávez Zabdi , Berzunza‐Cruz Miriam , Martínez Ignacio , Jasso‐Chávez Ricardo , Becker Ingeborg , Espinoza Bertha , Moreno‐Sánchez Rafael , Saavedra Emma 
Published: March 2012

A kinetic model of trypanothione [T(SH)2] metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi was constructed based on enzyme kinetic parameters determined under near‐physiological conditions (including glutathione synthetase), and the enzyme activities, metabolite concentrations and fluxes determined in the parasite under control and oxidizing conditions. The pathway structure is characterized by a T(SH)2 synthetic module of low flux and low catalytic capacity, and another more catalytically efficient T(SH)2‐dependent antioxidant/regenerating module. The model allowed quantification of the contribution of each enzyme to the control of T(SH)2 synthesis and concentration (flux control and concentration control coefficients, respectively). The main control of flux was exerted by γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γECS) and trypanothione synthetase (TryS) (control coefficients of 0.58–0.7 and 0.49–0.58, respectively), followed by spermidine transport (0.24); negligible flux controls by trypantothione reductase (TryR) and the T(SH)2‐dependent antioxidant machinery were determined. The concentration of reduced T(SH)2 was controlled by TryR (0.98) and oxidative stress (−0.99); however, γECS and TryS also exerted control on the cellular level of T(SH2) when they were inhibited by more than 70%. The model predicted that in order to diminish the T(SH)2 synthesis flux by 50%, it is necessary to inhibit γECS or TryS by 58 or 63%, respectively, or both by 50%, whereas more than 98% inhibition was required for TryR. Hence, simultaneous and moderate inhibition of γECS and TryS appears to be a promising multi‐target therapeutic strategy. In contrast, use of highly potent and specific inhibitors for TryR and the antioxidant machinery is necessary to affect the antioxidant capabilities of the parasites.Database   The glutathione synthetase gene sequences from the Ninoa and Queretaro strains have been submitted to the GenBank database under accession numbers HQ398240 and HQ398239, respectively
Type III bare lymphocyte syndrome associated with a novel RFXAP mutation: a case report
Authors: Gokturk B. , Artac H. , van Eggermond M. J. , van den Elsen P. , Reisli İ. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryType III bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a severe combined immunodeficiency disease caused by the absence of MHC Class II expression associated with low expression of class I molecules. Here, we report a case with type III BLS who lacked RFXAP (Regulatory factor X‐associated protein) expression as a result from a novel mutation introducing a premature stopcodon in DE‐region at amino acid 73.
Relational Economies, Social Embeddedness and Valuing Labour in Agrarian Change: An Example from the Developing World
Authors: CURRY GEORGE N. , KOCZBERSKI GINA 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA relatively neglected area of research on agrarian and economic change is the role of indigenous concepts of labour value in the transition from subsistence to market production. In West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, the presence of a migrant population on an oil palm land settlement scheme (LSS) in close proximity to village‐based oil palm growers, provided an opportunity to examine changing notions of labour value through the lens of smallholder productivity. Voluntary settlers on the LSS are experiencing population pressure and are highly dependent on oil palm for their livelihoods. In contrast, customary landowners in village settings produce oil palm in a situation of relative land abundance. By examining differences in how these two groups practise and value commodity production, the paper makes four key points. First, concepts of labour value are not static and involve struggles over how labour value is defined. Second, the transition to market‐based notions of labour value can undermine labour's social value with a consequent weakening of social relationships within and between families. Third, Theories of Value developed in western contexts and used to frame development policies and projects in the developing world are often inappropriate and even harmful to the welfare of communities that have different registers of value. Fourth, in response to Point 3, and following Rigg (2007), there is a need for ‘theorising upwards’ using empirical data from the developing world to inform theory rather than applying to the developing world models of sociality and economy developed in western contexts.
A Tracer Test to Characterize Treatment of TCE in a Permeable Reactive Barrier
Authors: Shen Hai , Wilson John T. , Lu Xiaoxia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA tracer test was conducted to characterize the flow of groundwater across a permeable reactive barrier constructed with plant mulch (a biowall) at the OU‐1 site on Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma. This biowall is intended to intercept and treat groundwater contaminated by trichloroethylene (TCE) in a shallow aquifer. The biowall is 139‐m long, 7.3‐m deep, and 0.5‐m wide. Bromide was injected from an upgradient well into the groundwater as a conservative tracer, and was subsequently observed breaking through in monitoring wells within and downgradient of the biowall. The bromide breakthrough data demonstrate that groundwater entering the biowall migrated across it, following the slope of the local groundwater surface. The average seepage velocity of groundwater was approximately 0.06 m/d. On the basis of the Darcy velocity of groundwater and geometry of the biowall, the average residence time of groundwater in the biowall was estimated at 10 d. Assuming all TCE removal occurred in the biowall, the reduction in TCE concentrations in groundwater across the biowall corresponds to a first‐order attenuation rate constant in the range of 0.38 to 0.15 per d. As an independent estimate of the degradation rate constant, STANMOD software was used to fit curves through data on the breakthrough of bromide and TCE in selected wells downgradient of the injection wells. Best fits to the data required a first‐order degradation rate constant for TCE removal in the range of 0.13 to 0.17 per d. The approach used in this study provides an objective evaluation of the remedial performance of the biowall that can provide a basis for design of other biowalls that are intended to remediate TCE‐contaminated groundwater.
Factors Affecting Radiation D‐Values (D10) of an Escherichia Coli Cocktail and Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 Inoculated in Fresh Produce
Authors: Moreira Rosana G. , Puerta‐Gomez Alex F. , Kim Jongsoon , Castell‐Perez M. Elena 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  This study evaluated the effect of produce type, resuspension medium, dose uniformity ratio (DUR), and sample preparation conditions (tissue exposure, MAP, anoxia) on the D10‐value of an Escherichia coli cocktail (BAA‐1427, BAA‐1428, and BAA‐1430) and Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 inoculated on the surfaces of tomato, cantaloupe, romaine lettuce, and baby spinach. Produce at room temperature were irradiated using a 1.35 MeV Van de Graaf electron beam accelerator at 0.2 to 0.9 kGy. The D10‐values for E. coli and Salmonella were 0.20 ± 0.01 kGy and 0.14 ± 0.01 kGy, respectively. Bacterial inactivation was not affected by produce type as long as the samples were irradiated in unsealed bags, the bacteria were suspended in broth, and the sample tissue was exposed. Sample location in front of the e‐beam source during exposure is crucial. A 20% increase in DUR yielded a 53% change in the D10‐values. Variations in sample preparation, microbiological methods and irradiation set‐up, result in variable D10‐values for different microorganisms on fresh produce.Practical Applications:  Most irradiation studies disregard the effect of sample handling and processing parameters on the determination of the D10‐value of different microorganisms in fresh and fresh‐cut produce. This study shows the importance of exposure of sample, resuspension medium, available oxygen, and dose uniformity ratio. D10‐values can differ by 35% to 53% based on these factors, leading to considerable under‐ or over‐estimation of the irradiation treatment. Results from this study will help to lay firm groundwork for future studies on D10‐values determination for different pathogens on fruits and vegetables.
Volatile Aroma Components and Antioxidant Activities of the Flavedo Peel Extract of Unripe Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata)
Authors: Asikin Yonathan , Taira Ikuko , Inafuku Sayuri , Sumi Hidekazu , Sawamura Masayoshi , Takara Kensaku , Wada Koji 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  The flavedo peel extracts of unripe Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) fruits were extracted using steam distillation (SD) or a cold‐press (CP) system. Volatile aroma content and composition were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and each compound was identified using gas chromatography‐mass spectrophotometry (GC‐MS). The major constituents of the extracts were monoterpene hydrocarbons (91.75–93.75%[709.32–809.05 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]) including limonene (43.08–45.13%[341.46–379.81 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]), γ‐terpinene (27.88–29.06%[219.90–245.86 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]), and p‐cymene (8.13–11.02%[61.47–97.22 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]). The extraction process used was determined to be a decisive factor that affects the composition of key citrus aroma components, as well as the antioxidant activities of the Shiikuwasha fruit. Antioxidant capabilities of the extracts were examined by assay of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity and β‐carotene bleaching inhibition. The cold‐press extraction system may better retain the total phenolic content of the flavedo peel and display superior antioxidant activities, compared to the steam distillation extraction method.Practical Application:  Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) is a type of small citrus fruit, and has been used as raw material for beverage and food additive productions in Japan. It had a unique aroma composition in which the limonene content of its peels is lower than that of other commonly known citrus peels. The present study detailed the volatile aroma composition, as well as antioxidant capabilities of Shiikuwasha peel extracts of different extraction methods, that are cold‐press and steam distillation methods. The results of this study may provide a basis for selection of Shiikuwasha peel extracts in food industry for citrus flavor production.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Anthocyanins in Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and Corresponding Juices
Authors: Müller Dolores , Schantz Markus , Richling Elke 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  In the present study the anthocyanin content of commercially available bilberry juices and fresh fruits were quantified by using 15 authentic anthocyanin standards via high performance liquid chromatography with an ultra‐violet detector (HPLC‐UV/VIS). Delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucopyranoside, delphinidin‐3‐O‐galactopyranoside, and cyanidin‐3‐O‐arabinopyranoside were the major anthocyanins found in juices, nectar, and fresh bilberries. In contrast, fresh blueberries had higher concentrations of malvidin‐3‐O‐arabinopyranoside and petunidin‐3‐O‐galactopyranoside. Up to 438 mg anthocyanins per 100 g fresh weight (2762 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)) were detected in blueberries from various sources, whereas bilberries contained a maximum of 1017 mg anthocyanins per 100 g fresh weight (7465 mg/100 g DW). Commercially available bilberry and blueberry juices (n= 9) as well as nectars (n= 4) were also analyzed. Anthocyanin concentrations of juices (1610 mg/L to 5963 mg/L) and nectar from bilberries (656 mg/L to 1529 mg/L) were higher than those of blueberry juices (417 mg/L) and nectar (258 mg/L to 386 mg/L). We conclude that using several authentic anthocyanin references to quantify anthocyanin contents indicated them to be up to 53% and 64% higher in fresh bilberries and blueberries, respectively, than previously reported using cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside. This study has also demonstrated that commercially available juices produced from bilberries contain much higher anthocyanin concentrations than those from blueberries.Practical Application:  We have investigated the contents of a special class of antioxidants, namely anthocyanins in blueberry and billberry fruits and juices commercially available in Germany. To achieve reliable data we have used authentic standards for the first time. We think that our results are important in the field of nutritional intake of this important class of polyphenols and fruit juice companies get a closer insight in the occurrence of these antioxidants in market samples to be used in food composition databases and for nutritional survey.
Antioxidant Efficacy of Extracts Produced from Pickled and Dried Mustard in Rapeseed and Peanut Oils
Authors: Li Chang , Tang Zhongfeng , Huang Meng , Tao Nengguo , Feng Bo , Huang Shirong 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  Antioxidant efficacy of 70% ethanol extract (EE), 70% methanol extract (ME), and water extract (WE) produced from pickled and dried mustard (Brassica juncea Coss. var. foliosa Bailey) was evaluated in rapeseed and peanut oils by using the Schaal oven method. The protective effects of aforesaid 3 extracts in stabilizing vegetable oils were tested by measuring their peroxide values, conjugated diene values, and p‐anisidine values during storage of 15 d at 60 °C. Results showed that the different solvent extracts produced from pickled and dried mustard, at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% (w/w) in vegetable oils, could significantly (P < 0.05) lower the peroxide value, conjugated diene value, and p‐anisidine value of oils during storage at 60 °C. However, the extracts at various concentrations showed a less antioxidant effect than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 200 ppm. The ultraviolet spectra of different extracts exhibited a single maximum absorbance at 268 nm. The qualitative analysis of antioxidants present in the extracts was carried out by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 column. Two phenolic compounds, gallic and protocatechuric acids, were identified. The antioxidant activity of the extracts might be attributed to the presence of these phenolics. These results indicated that the pickled and dried mustard could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants.Practical Application:  The antioxidant activity of extracts produced from pickled and dried mustard toward rapeseed and peanut oils oxidation and the characterization of active phenolic compounds may be useful in developing natural antioxidants for vegetable oils. Moreover, the extracts could safely be used as potential antioxidant to suppress lipid oxidation in lipid‐containing food products.