bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mood spectrum symptoms and adult separation anxiety in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and/or Complicated Grief
Authors: Carmassi C. , Socci C. , Pergentini I. , Corsi M. , Massimetti E. , Perugi G. , Dell’Osso L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionComplicated grief (CG) is currently under consideration for inclusion in DSM-V and a major issue is whether it can be differentiated from major depression (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ObjectivesThere is evidence on the role of childhood but not separation anxiety as a significant risk factor for CG, and no study compared CG and PTSD patients with respect to these features.AimsTo compare adult separation anxiety in patients with PTSD versus CG or both conditions. Further, to investigate the possible impact of mood spectrum symptoms in the same samples.MethodsA total sample of 116 patients (66 PTSD, 22 CG and 28 with CG+PTSD) was recruited. Assessments included: the SCID-I/P, the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA-27), the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) and the Mood Spectrum-Self Report (MOODS-SR) lifetime version.ResultsCG was strongly associated with female gender (8:1). MDD comorbidity was more common among patients with CG while bipolar disorder was highest among those with PTSD+CG. Patients with both CG and PTSD reported significantly higher ASA_27 (p = 0.008) scores than patients with either CG or PTSD alone. Patients with both diagnoses or PTSD alone reported significantly (p = 0.02) higher scores on the manic component of the MOODS-SR. No significant differences were reported in the WSAS scores.ConclusionsOur results support differences between CG and PTSD, important to consideration of including CG as a new disorder in DSM-V.
Full and partial PTSD among young adult survivors after the l’aquila 2009 earthquake: Gender differences
Authors: Dell’Osso L. , Carmassi C. , Massimetti E. , Pergentini I. , Corsi M. , Socci C. , Capanna C. , Stratta P. , Rossi A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionEarthquakes are one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters and lot of studies have been conducted on exposed populations, particularly to evaluate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). On April 6th 2009, the town of L’Aquila, central Italy, was struck by an earthquake, with a strength of 5.9 on the Richter scale, and 309 people have died, 1600 were injuried and more than 65000 were displaced.ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of PTSD in a sample of L’Aquila's people.AimsTo evaluate the prevalence rates of PTSD, either full-blown or partial, among 512 students attending the last year of high school in L’Aquila, 10 months after the earthquake.MethodsAssessments included the trauma and loss spectrum-self report (TALS-SR) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES). Gender differences in the symptoms reported were investigated. Partial PTSD is defined as the presence of symptoms in the DSM-IV Criterion B and C or D for PTSD diagnosis.ResultsOur results showed the presence of PTSD in 192 (37.5%) of the students examined, with significantly (p = .000) higher rates in women than men (N = 120, 51.7% and N = 72, 25.7%, respectively). Moreover, 153 (29.9%) students reported partial PTSD (75, 32.3% women and 78, 27.9% men respectively). Significantly higher PTSD symptoms were reported by women with respect to men.ConclusionsOur results show high rates of full or partial PTSD in adolescents survived to L’Aquila's earthquake. Women resulted more affected than men. These results highlight the need to carefully explore these conditions.
Sexual abuse from the partner significantly increases the occurrence of PTSD symptoms
Authors: Dabkowska M. 
Published: May 2011

The aim of the study was to assess the influence and intensity of factors responsible for emergence of PTSD symptoms among the victims of domestic violence, especially sexual. Study group consisted of 110 women, in the age between 18 and 65; 51 of them have exhibited symptoms and increased symptomatic presence of PTSD.MethodsPosttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) questionnaire was used.ResultsNo less than 88.1% of studied women have demonstrated a moderate increase of PTSD symptoms. A clear correlation was discovered between the intensity of PTSD and the length of the relationship with the perpetrator. Significant increase in PTSD symptoms was shown among victims of sexual violence. In particular, PTSD symptoms from the avoidance group were significantly more apparent among women, who have suffered sexual abuse from their partners. In contrast to those who were victims of domestic violence not sexual in nature, the women who experienced sexual violence from their partners have displayed noteworthy increase in the occurrence of PTSD symptoms, especially in the sphere of emotional numbness, incapability to love and weep, and hopelessness to ever achieve life goals. More than the average, they have revealed a physical reaction to the memory of violent sexual abuse, as well as exhibited remoteness and detachment from the society.ConclusionsPTSD symptoms from the avoidance group were most associated with the sexual violence. Victims of this type of violence have experienced emotional numbness and hopelessness in relation to their future in particular.
The role of childhood traumatic events in fear of pain related behaviours in adulthood
Authors: Dragkioti E. , Mavreas V. , Damigos D. , Kotrotsiou E. , Gouva M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionTraumatic experiences during childhood may contribute to somatizing fear and anxiety related pain behaviour.ObjectiveThis study tested the role of childhood traumatic/stressful events on adult fear related pain behaviours.AimThe aim was to investigate the differences in fear of pain, anxiety pain symptoms and heart focused anxiety, among individuals who had been exposed to childhood traumatic/stressful life events in contrast to those who had not experienced.Method595 healthy individuals participated to the present study (164 men – 431 women, mean age 34, SD = 12, ranged 18–75). Subjects were classified into two groups— trauma and no-trauma — based on their personal ratings of experienced traumatic and or stressful events during childhood (300 and 295 individuals respectively). In all participants, the Fear of Pain Questionnaire - III (FPQ-III), The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS-20) and the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) were administered.ResultsSignificantly differences between trauma and no-trauma group were observed in almost all total scores and subscales: Severe Pain FPQ-III (t = 2,992, p = .003), Total FPQ-III (t = 2,443, p = .015), Fearful Thinking PASS-20 (t = 3,616, p = .000), Cognitive Anxiety PASS-20 (t = 2,989 p = .003), Physiological Responses PASS-20 (t = 3,666, p = .000), Total PASS-20 (t = 3,218, p = .001), Fear CAQ (t = 2,016, p = .044), Avoidance CAQ (t = 2,269, p = .024), Attention CAQ (t = 2,288, p = .022) and Total CAQ (t = 2,749, p = .006).ConclusionOur results illustrate the meangfull of trauma in clinical practise and are in a similar vein with psychoanalytic thoughts that all types of trauma are firstly psychological trauma's.
A pilot program using media to combat trauma in adolescents
Authors: Latham M.-E. Glaser 
Published: May 2011

Empirical research and current statistics show that child sexual violence/abuse and its lasting effects, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, are key issues in adolescent development and could be addressed in a novel fashion involving supervised peer-groups and the arts.We propose a pilot program that would span twenty-two weeks, with ideally a maximum of twenty (20) students from a large, metropolitan-area of United States. These high school aged adolescents will have experienced trauma through sexual violence/abuse and also will have experienced academic and behavioral decline within six months of the initial trauma. Students will explore, through the medium of photography, a weekly-assigned issue that relates to their daily life.After the twenty-two weeks have passed, we will continue to check in with the teens, parents, and teachers to see if any measured gains persist. My goal is to show that through the creative exploration of the self, coupled with the building a new social system, there will be an increase in academic performance, mental health, self-esteem, and behavior. As a pilot, I will be able to predict efficacy in advance of moving forward into a larger study.
Clinical presentation of the posttraumatic stress disorder with and without traumatic brain injuries
Authors: Simonović M.M. , Radisavljević M.M. , Grbeša G.B. 
Published: May 2011

The aim of the investigation was to determine the difference between the severities of the symptom's in PTSD with and without the history of TBI.The estimation of the PTSD in 60 patients was performed using the CAPS-DX. The estimation of the TBI was performed using the Glasgow Coma Scale. The data were analysed using ANOVA and PostHoc analysis.Severity of the reexperiencing symptoms were higher in PTSD with TBI vs PTSD w/o TBI: in nightmares, reexperiencing, psychological distress (p < 0,05), in intrusive recollections and in total score of reexperiencing symptoms (p < 0,01). PostHoc analysis showed higher scores of intrusive recollections (p < 0,01) and psychological distress (p < 0,05) in PTSD with moderate/severe TBI vs PTSD w/o TBISeverity of the avoidance symptoms were higher in PTSD with moderate/severe TBI vs PTSD w/o TBI: in avoidance of thoughts, avoidance of activities (p < 0,05), in detachment and in total avoidance symptom's scores in PTSD with moderate/severe TBI vs PTSD w/o TBI. PostHoc analysis showed higher score of detachment in PTSD with mild TBI vs PTSD w/o TBI.Severity of hyperarousal symptoms were higher in PTSD with TBI: in sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating (p < 0,05), and in total huperarousal symptom's score (p < 0,01). PostHoc analysis showed greater severity of sleep disturbances in PTSD with moderate/severe TBI vs PTSD with mild TBI (p < 0,05), and in PTSD without TBI (p < 0,01), and greater score of difficulties concentrating (p < 0,01) and total huperarousal symptom's (p < 0,05) in PTSD with mild TBI vs PTSD without TBI.
Trauma related psychopathology in unaccompanied refugee minors
Authors: Huemer J. , Karnik N. , Steiner H. , Friedrich M. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesTo present a multimodal analysis of psychopathology among African unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) in Austria. These youths experience well documented war and flight related non-normative stressors on their way from Africa to Europe. We have previously reported 17% of PTSD, a number below expectations. We now report on trauma related personality variables which indicate that these youths are resilient but at high risk for decompensation. We tested the hypothesis that PTSD specific defenses would be high (most notably dissociation, conversion, projection, withdrawal and somatization).MethodsForty-one URMs participated in the study. The following standardized instruments were used: UCLA PTSD Index for DSM IV, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, Weinberger Adjustment Inventory, Response Evaluation Measure for the measurement of defenses.ResultsLevels of psychopathology were below previously reported levels in URMs. By contrast, all defenses previously reported as elevated in PTSD (conversion, projection, dissociation, withdrawal and somatization) showed significant increases (p < 0.05), putting these defenses in the 80–95TH percentile for the norm population.ConclusionsWhile syndromal illness was less than expected, indicators of trauma related habitual function were all elevated. The present findings reveal that URMs manage the extreme stress of their lives by defensive self-regulation. These findings have implications for diagnosis and management.
Posttraumatic insomnia and structural dimensions of personality in adolescents
Authors: Janjic V. , Dejanovic S. Djukic , Ristic D. Ignjatovic , Ravanic D. , Mihajlovic G. , Radmanovic B. 
Published: May 2011

Sleeping disorders are being manifested, after being exposed to stressor, by initial insomnia and/or transitory insomnia, rarely terminal insomnia, which depends also on personality characteristics.Objective of the work was to establish the most common forms of insomnia in population of psycho traumatized adolescents, and also the connection between the forms of insomnia, its severity and structural dimensions of personality.The examined group was consisted of 46 adolescent persons who have evinced some form of insomnia under influence of stressor. The diagnosis was made based on the DSM-IV criteria, structural dimensions of personality were evaluated by MMPI-201 test, and the severity of insomnia was evaluated by ISI scale.Under influence of stressor 41% of examined persons had the initial insomnia, 27% had mixed insomnia, 20% had transitory insomnia, and 12% had terminal insomnia. Regarding the structural dimensions of personality Hs, Hy, D and Pt (p < 0,01) there is a difference between basic and control group, and as far as the forms of insomnia are concerned the examined persons make different population compared to structural dimensions: Hs, Hy, D and Pt (p < 0,01). It also has been established that severity of insomnia correlates with the demonstration of dimensions Hs, Hy, D and Pt (p < 0,01).The results are showing that the profile of personality plays a role in onset, form, and severity of posttraumatic insomnia.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and and concomitant comorbidity in BIH war veterans 12 years after war
Authors: Klarić M. , Frančišković T. , Petrov B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPTSD is dominant, but rarely the only psychological disorder that is present among individuals who have a history of exposure to traumatic event.ObjectivesTo examine morbidity in veterans 12 years after the war, with special emphasis on comorbidity of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders.MethodsThe study population consisted of 154 veterans who sought psychiatric treatment due to PTSD. The control group consisted of 77 war veterans who do not have PTSD, collected by snow balling method through veteran associations. The study used a general demographic questionnaire, the HTQ-version for BiH, and the MINI.ResultsVeterans who sought psychiatric treatment due to PTSD, were experienced a significantly greater number of traumatic events (t = 5.66; P < 0.001) and achieved significantly higher scores on a scale of PTSD symptoms (t = 15.291; P < 0.001), perceived personal functionality (t = 12.491; P < 0.001) and the overall result of traumatic symptoms (t = 14.499; P < 0.001). Additionally, among veterans with PTSD there are significantly more of those who reported chronic somatic diseases (X2 = 17.988; P < 0.001), who met the criteria for the diagnosis of current depressive episode (X2 = 36.297; P < 0.001), previous depressive episode (X2 = 29.356; P < 0.001), depressive episode with melancholic features (X2 = 29.356; P < 0.001), dysthymia (X2 = 9.959; P = 0.007), the criteria for the diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia (X2 = 5.490; P = 0.019), PTSD (X2 = 102.018; P < 0.001) and generalized anxiety disorder (X2 = 89.755; P < 0.001).ConclusionAlthough PTSD is the dominant cause for seeking psychiatric treatment in veterans, PTSD promotes a comprehensive psychiatric and somatic comorbidity, and predominated are anxious and affective disorders.
The Sang Bok Lee traumatic dream scales for Korean college students
Authors: Lee S.B. 
Published: May 2011

AimTo develop and validate traumatic dream scales by further utilizing The Sang Bok Lee Neurocognitive Dream Orientation Scales (Lee, Sang Bok: 2010, European Psychiatry) assessing the narrative dream contents.Methods2450 dream were collected form 870 Korean college students, Yongin, South Korea: 445 males (M age = 20.48 years, SD = 1.35) and 425 females (M age = 20.12, SD = 1.24). The collected dreams were analyzed by The Sang Bok Lee Traumatic Dream Scales that were designed to differentiate ordinary dreams from traumatic and PTST-related dreams.The traumatic dreams were hypothesized as having frequently recurrent, unexpected, emotionally dreadful, and not actively coped by the dreamers.Results759 dreams (31%) of 2450 collected dreams were found as traumatic or very/extreme anxious according to The Lee Anxiety Dream Scale (Mean = 4.56). Strong positive correlation was found between 759 traumatic dreams and independent variables of traumatic dream content (unfamiliar: r = .86, p = .0001; accidental: r = .81, p = .0001; dreadful: r = .93, p = .0001, and not coped by the dreamer: r = 0.86, p = .0001).ConclusionThe contents of The Sang Bok Lee Traumatic Dream Scales were developed and validated; the results were associated with the previous publications - “Lee Acculturation Dream Scale for Korean-American College Students” (Lee, Sang Bok, 2005: Psychological Reports, 96, 454–456), The Sang Bok Lee Neurocognitive Dream Orientation Scales for Screening Traumatic and PTSD Related Dreams, and The Lee Anxiety Dream Scales.
Long-term consequences of chronic PTSD on quality of life, cardiovascular risk and stress hormones in aging former refugee children
Authors: Muhtz C. , Godemann K. , von Alm C. , Wittekind C. , Wiedemann K. , Yassouridis A. , Kellner M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSeveral studies suggested that having a history of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with higher rates of somatic morbidity and disease.AimThe aim of the present study was to investigate systematically the long-term-consequences of PTSD on cardiovascular risk, quality of life and stress hormones in a sample of former refugee children.MethodsIn 25 subjects with chronic PTSD and 25 trauma-controlled subjects we measured variables of the metabolic syndrome supplemented by the ankle-brachial index and h-CRP. Quality of life was assessed by the SF-36. Cortisol, ACTH, DHEA were measured in the low dose dexamethasone-suppression-test. Additionally, salivary cortisol was assessed at 0800, 1200, 1600 and 2200 hours.ResultsWe found a significant group effect between participants with PTSD and without PTSD regarding quality of life, but not on any metabolic parameter including the ankle-brachial index or cortisol, ACTH and DHEA in plasma before and after dexamethasone or salivary cortisol.ConclusionChronic PTSD was associated with diminished quality of life more than six decades after traumatization, but not with altered metabolic or endocrine variables. Nevertheless, search for subgroups of PTSD patients with childhood traumatization leading to different metabolic and endocrine long-term consequences in aging PTSD patients is needed.
Psychoneuroimmunomodulation at various levels of mental adaptation
Authors: Nikitina V. , Vetlugina T. , Stoyanova I. 
Published: May 2011

We have examined 232 healthy persons (mean age 21,7 ± 1,6 years) in a problematic situation - the first temporal period of adaptation (2–3 months) to new conditions of life. We have distinguished three groups of probands characterizing by various level of mental adaptation:group 1 (n = 129) - healthy, characterized by absence of symptoms testifying to presence of pathological disadaptive manifestations;group 2 (n = 64) - persons with signs of psychoadaptive syndrome ((PAS) that is a relatively stable formation, during tension of adaptive mechanisms without signs of their exhaustion;group 3 (n = 39) - persons with signs of psychodisadaptive syndrome (PDAS) characterized by decrease of adaptive abilities, presence of signs of exhaustion and absence of resources for resilience.Diagnosis of clinical manifestations of the secondary immune deficiency has shown increase of incidence rate of allergic and autoimmune syndromes in persons with signs of mental health disturbance as compared with healthy persons. Immune status of persons without disadaptive manifestations and with PAS were compatible; in group with PDAS we have identified reliable decrease of HLADR+-lymphocytes (p < 0,01), trend toward decrease of natural killers (CD16+) and factors of humoral immunity.Study of personal traits has identified significant predominance of personal anxiety as a stable trait formed based on biopsychosocial factors, in group of PDAS as compared with PAS (p < 0,05) and by persons without signs of mental health disturbance (p < 0,01).In result of conducted investigation we have obtained data about contribution of neuroimmune interaction and personal response into mechanisms of mental adaptation-disadaptation in continuum: “norm-pre-morbid-illness”.
Interrelations between anger and aggression among male veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Ostapenko A.V. , Kolov S. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesCombatants with PTSD show a higher level of aggression and dysfunctional anger influencing clinical picture and determining tolerance to treatment. Interrelations between emotional dysfunctions (anger), symptoms of combat-related PTSD and aggression are not clear.MethodWe studied relations between aggression, anger and PTSD symptoms in the group of 557 males-combatants (109 patients had marked symptoms of PTSD, 448 men showed subclinical symptoms), and in the control group of 234 healthy males. We used the Mississippi Scale for quantitative evaluation of PTSD and authorial methods for assessing anger and aggression.ResultsImpulsive aggression is the main form in veterans with PTSD, exceeding sevenfold indices in the control group (21,17 ± 1,92; 3,18 ± 0,38, P < 0,00001). Indices of this aggression are equal to level of instrumental aggression (3,03 ± 0,27; 3,88 ± 0,19, P < 0,001), in the control group various forms of aggression differed greatly, level of these types of aggressive behaviour was lower (0,45±0,06; 1,88±0,09, P < 0,0000001).Correlation analysis of indices of different aggressive behaviour and anger showed that dysfunctional anger has strong positive interrelations only with indices of impulsive (affective-hostile) aggression (P < 0,01), similar correlation with instrumental aggression was not discovered. In the control group significant correlations between anger and aggressive behaviour were not found.ConclusionsImpulsive aggression is mostly expressed in combatants with PTSD. Anger is the main determining factor for level, strength, intensity and frequency of impulsive aggression. Association between anger and PTSD is unique for combatants with impulsive aggression. Dysfunctional anger serves a general pathogenetic factor for combat-related PTSD and impulsive aggression.
Physician attitudes of county Primorsko- goranska refering the patient suffering from PTSD after the war in Croatia
Authors: Pavesic Radonja A. , Grahovac T. , Stevanović A. , Frančišković T. 
Published: May 2011

Research backgroundAttitudes of individuals, especially experts, can affect the decision of patients to seek help and to cooperate in the therapeutic process. It is believed that better understanding and knowledge about the disorder leads to more positive attitudes towards patients, especially when it comes to mental disorders.ObjectiveTo examine the attitudes of general practitioners and psychiatrists, towards to veteran participants of the War in Croatia suffering from PTSD because those physicians are the two specialties most often in contact with these patientsMethodA sample of 30 primary care physicians and 30 psychiatrists in County Primorsko goranska completed a general demographic questionnaire and AMIQ questionnaire (Corigann 2002). Custom AMIQ questionnaire consists of 20 claims (paragraph), which are ranked on a scale of 1–9, and are grouped into two subscales “personal responsibility for illness,” and “the danger of disease.”ResultsThere are no statistically significant differences in sub scales regard to specialization, gender and physician’s place of employment.ConclusionThese results suggest that the formation of physicians’ attitudes does not affect only the knowledge of disorder, but more different personal and enviromental factors may have the impact.