bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving prediction and management of range expansions by combining analytical and individual‐based modelling approaches
Authors: Travis Justin M. J. , Harris Catriona M , Park Kirsty J. , Bullock James M. 
Published: March 2011

Summary1. Improving the understanding, prediction and management of range expansions is a key challenge for ecology. Over recent years, there has been a rapid increase in modelling effort focussed on range expansions and a shift from predominantly theoretical developments towards application. This is especially the case in the field of invasion biology and also in relation to reintroductions and species’ responses to climate change.2. While earlier models were exclusively analytical, individual‐based models (IBMs) are now increasingly widely used. We argue that instead of being viewed as competing methodologies, analytical and individual‐based methods can valuably be used in conjunction.3. We use a mechanistic wind dispersal model to generate age‐specific dispersal kernels for the invasive shrub, Rhododendron ponticum. To demonstrate the utility of employing both modelling approaches, this information along with demographic parameters is incorporated into an IBM and an analytical, integrodifference model. From both models, the equilibrium rate of spread is calculated.4. Estimates of wavespeeds were similar for the two models, although slower rates of spread were consistently projected by the IBM. Further, our results demonstrate the wavespeed to be sensitive to the characterisation of age structure in the model; when few age classes are used, much higher rates of spread are projected.5. The analytical model is extremely efficient at providing elasticity analysis of the wavespeed, which can provide helpful information for management. We gain qualitatively similar results using the IBM but obtaining the results is time‐consuming and, because the model is stochastic, they are noisy and harder to interpret. We argue that analytically derived transient elasticity analyses are needed for the many cases where success of control is measured on a relatively short time horizon.6. To demonstrate the flexibility of the IBM approach, we run it on a real landscape comprising different habitat types. The comparison of two different control scenarios is an example of the utility of this approach for more tactical applications.7. As a general conclusion of the study, we emphasise that analytical and individual‐based approaches offer different, but complementary, advantages and suggest how their joint use can facilitate the improvement in biodiversity management at a range of spatial scales.
Scarring for quantum maps with simple spectrum
Authors: Kelmer Dubi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn [Kelmer, Scarring on invariant manifolds for perturbed quantized hyperbolic toral automorphisms, Comm. Math. Phys. 276 (2007), 381–395] we introduced a family of symplectic maps of the torus whose quantization exhibits scarring on invariant co-isotropic submanifolds. The purpose of this note is to show that in contrast to other examples, where failure of quantum unique ergodicity is attributed to high multiplicities in the spectrum, for these examples the spectrum is (generically) simple.
Evaluation of a nationally disseminated self-help intervention for smoking cessation (‘Quit Kit’): Table 1
Authors: Ussher Michael , Chambers Melanie , Adams Ryan , Croghan Emma , Murray Rachael 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo assess the extent of uptake and impact of a nationally disseminated self-help intervention for smoking cessation (‘Quit Kit’).MethodsThe kit contained practical tools for supporting quit attempts. Of 480 000 individuals receiving the kit, telephone interviews were conducted with 2347 randomly selected individuals. Interviews assessed the impact of the kit on smoking behaviours and on attitudes to the intervention and to health service support.ResultsThe majority of interviewees reported the kit as being helpful for stopping smoking (61%) and agreed that, having received the kit, they would be more likely to consider the National Health Service for help with quitting (84%). Younger interviewees were significantly more likely to report the kit as helpful, to say they would recommend it to others and to agree that it increased their confidence in quitting (all p≤0.001). As a result of receiving the kit, 29%, 17% and 11% of interviewees, respectively, reported visiting their doctor, pharmacist or stop-smoking service for help with quitting. The kit was reported to have triggered a quit attempt among around half (57%) of those receiving it. When only including those who had received the kit at least 1 month prior to interview, 26.5% (126/475) of those attempting to quit reported remaining completely abstinent from smoking for at least a month.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that distributing a self-help intervention for smoking cessation at a national level may be successful in terms of uptake of the intervention, triggering quit attempts and aiding smoking cessation.
Synthesis and characterization of a naphthalimide–dye end-labeled copolymer by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization
Authors: Li Binxin , Majonis Daniel , Liu Peng , Winnik Mitchell A. 
Published: March 2011

We describe the synthesis of an end-functionalized copolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and N-hydroxysuccinimide methacrylate (NMS) by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. To control the polymer composition, the faster reacting monomer (NMS) was added slowly to the reaction mixture beginning 30 min after initating the polymerization (ca. 16% HPMA conversion). One RAFT agent, based on azocyanopentanoic acid, introduced a –COOH group to the chain at one end. Use of a different RAFT agent containing a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide dye introduced a UV–vis absorbing and fluorescent group at this chain end. The polymers obtained had molecular weights of 30 000 and 20 000, respectively, and contained about 30 mol% NMS active ester groups.
Temperature effects on xanthone–β-cyclodextrin binding dynamics
Authors: Pace Tamara C. S. , Bohne Cornelia 
Published: March 2011

The complexation dynamics of the triplet excited state of xanthone with β-cyclodextrin were studied at various temperatures between 10 and 50 °C. Association and dissociation rate constants were determined using the laser flash photolysis quenching methodology with Cu2+ as a quencher. The rate constants for the association and dissociation of triplet xanthone with β-cyclodextrin increased with temperature, while the equilibrium constant for the triplet excited state remained relatively constant. Equilibrium constants for the ground-state complexation of xanthone with β-cyclodextrin were determined from fluorescence studies at various temperatures. The ground-state binding efficiency decreased with temperature and was markedly greater than that of the triplet excited state at all temperatures. The enthalpy and entropy for the β-cyclodextrin complex formation of the ground and triplet excited states fall on the enthalpy–entropy compensation relationship previously established for cyclodextrin complexes. The activation enthalpies for the association and dissociation rate constants for triplet xanthone are similar. The activation entropy is favorable for the association process, whereas a negative activation entropy was measured for the dissociation process, suggesting that solvation plays a key role in the complex formation between xanthone and β-cyclodextrin.
The reactivity of diarylmethyl carbocations within non-protic zeolites
Authors: Hallett-Tapley Geniece L. , Schepp Norman P. , Cozens Frances L. 
Published: March 2011

The generation of diarylmethyl carbocations within non-protic zeolites (LiY, NaY, KY, RbY, CsY, and NaX) was carried out via laser excitation (266 nm or 266 nm / 308 nm) of diarylacetic acids. Rapid loss of CO2, followed by photochemical oxidation of the diarylmethyl radicals resulted in the formation of the diarylmethyl carbocations. The reactivity of the diarylmethyl carbocations was found to be highly dependent on the alkali metal counterion and the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite framework. Furthermore, the effect of various para-electron donating substituents (4-H, 3-CH3, 4-CH3,4,4′-CH3, and 4-OCH3) on the diarylmethyl carbocation reactivity was investigated. Comparison of the Hammett plots constructed for the reactivity of the diarylmethyl carbocations in zeolites with those in solution (CH3CN–H2O (1:2) and TFE) showed decreased sensitivity of the electrophilic species towards para-electron donating substituents in the heterogeneous media. The leveling effect observed in the zeolite Hammett plots has been attributed to the presence of an isokinetic relationship, specifically, a low isokinetic temperature for the reaction of diarylmethyl carbocations with the aluminosilicate zeolite framework.
Enhanced expression of epithelial sodium channels in the renal medulla of Dahl S rats
Authors: Amin Md. Shahrier , Reza Erona , El-Shahat Esraa , Wang Hong-Wei , Tesson Frédérique , Leenen Frans H.H. 
Published: March 2011

Inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells from salt-sensitive (S) Dahl rats transport twice as much Na+as cells from salt-resistant (R) rats, possibly related to dysregulation of the renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The effect of a high-salt diet on ENaC expression in the inner medulla of S versus R rats has not yet been studied. Young, male S and R rats were placed on a regular-salt (0.3%) or high-salt (8%) diet for 2 or 4 weeks. mRNA and protein expression of ENaC subunits were studied by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. Intracellular distribution of the subunits in the IMCD was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. On regular salt, the abundance of the mRNA of β and γENaC was higher in the medulla of S rats than R rats. This was associated with a greater protein abundance of 90 kDa γENaC and higher immunoreactivity for both α and γ ENaC. High salt did not affect mRNA abundance in either strain and decreased apical staining of βENaC in IMCD of R rats. In contrast, high salt did not affect the higher apical localization of αENaC and increased the apical membrane staining for β and γENaC in the IMCD of S rats. Expression of ENaC subunits is enhanced in the medulla of S vs. R rats on regular salt, and further increased on high salt. The persistent high expression of αENaC and increase in apical localization of β and γENaC may contribute to greater retention of sodium in S rats on a high-salt diet.
Taxonomy of Farrea (Porifera, Hexactinellida, Hexactinosida) from the southwestern Atlantic, with description of a new species and a discussion on the recognition of subspecies in Porifera
Authors: Lopes D. A. , Hajdu E. , Reiswig H. M. 
Published: March 2011

The present study reports three species of Farrea Bowerbank, 1862 from Campos Basin (southwestern Atlantic): Farrea herdendorfi Duplessis and Reiswig, 2004, Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862, and Farrea campossinus sp. nov. This is the first record of F. herdendorfi for the South Atlantic and only the second record of the species worldwide. Farrea occa is described and reported to form mass occurrences in the area’s sponge and coral banks, as seen in extensive video recording undertaken between 900 and 1100 m depth. The new species approaches Farrea foliascens Topsent, 1906 very closely, but differs in that its hooked anchorate clavules are much larger and the meshes of its dictyonal framework rather more irregular. Our thoughts on whether the proposed new species deserved species or subspecies rank led to an investigation on the usage of subspecies rank in Porifera. A historical overview, mainly contrasting Demospongiae and Hexactinellida is offered here. We concluded that no rule of thumb is readily made out from the comparative analysis of various authors’ taxonomic decisions. Until one such agreement is achieved, it appears to us that naming new subspecies should be objectively argued for, or better, totally avoided, as a useless further dimension to taxonomic uncertainty in poriferan classification.
DIFFUSION-DRIVEN INSTABILITIES AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN AN AQUATIC PREDATOR–PREY SYSTEM WITH BEDDINGTON–DEANGELIS TYPE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE
Authors: UPADHYAY RANJIT KUMAR , THAKUR N. K. , RAI V. 
Published: March 2011

Predator–prey communities are building blocks of an ecosystem. Feeding rates reflect interference between predators in several situations, e.g. when predators form a dense colony or perform collective motion in a school, encounter prey in a region of limited size, etc. We perform spatio-temporal dynamics and pattern formation in a model aquatic system in both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Zooplanktons are predated by fishes and interfere with individuals of their own community. Numerical simulations are carried out to explore Turing and non-Turing spatial patterns. We also examine the effect of spatial heterogeneity on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the phytoplankton–zooplankton system. The phytoplankton specific growth rate is assumed to be a linear function of the depth of the water body. It is found that the spatio-temporal dynamics of an aquatic system is governed by three important factors: (i) intensity of interference between the zooplankton, (ii) rate of fish predation and (iii) the spatial heterogeneity. In an homogeneous environment, the temporal dynamics of prey and predator species are drastically different. While prey species density evolves chaotically, predator densities execute a regular motion irrespective of the intensity of fish predation. When the spatial heterogeneity is included, the two species oscillate in unison. It has been found that the instability observed in the model aquatic system is diffusion driven and fish predation acts as a regularizing factor. We also observed that spatial heterogeneity stabilizes the system. The idea contained in the paper provides a better understanding of the pattern formation in aquatic systems.
Magma sources and plumbing systems during break-up of the SE Greenland margin: preliminary results from ODP Leg 152
Authors: Fitton J. G. , Saunders A. D. , Larsen L. M. , Fram M. S. , Demant A. , Sinton C. , Party The 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
ODP Leg 152 drilled a transect across the SE Greenland seaward-dipping reflector sequence. The earliest, and most landward, lava flows (Hole 917A, Lower and Middle Series) represent a pre-break-up continental sequence showing an overall variation from olivine basalt to dacite. Evolution in deep crustal magma reservoirs, with a dwindling supply of primitive magma and an increasing role of crustal contamination, can account for the variation. Eruption of picrite and olivine basalt magmas (917A, Upper Series) marked a dramatic change in the style of magmatism to one of unrestrained passage of primitive magma from the mantle to the surface during the final phase of break-up. The younger parts of the seaward-dipping reflector sequence (915A and 918D) comprise compositionally uniform basalt (7.6 ± 0.8% MgO), suggesting that an effective magmatic filtering system was established, soon after break-up, in magma chambers associated with a spreading axis. The continental to oceanic magmatic transition is marked by clear changes in composition. The continental magmas had a garnet lherzolite source (indicated by low Y/Zr) and were contaminated with continental lithospheric mantle and crust (high Ba/Zr). The majority of the break-up and oceanic volcanic rocks show no evidence for lithospheric contamination (low Ba/Zr) and appear to have had a source in progressively shallower, depleted (?MORB-source) asthenosphere (increasing Y/Zr, low Nb/Zr).
Ocean-ridge discontinuities in Iceland
Authors: Gudmundsson Agust 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The Tjörnes fracture zone in North Iceland and the South Iceland seismic zone are ocean-ridge discontinuities that are partly exposed on land. These are zones of high seismicity, but contrasting style of crustal deformation. Detailed field studies and numerical modelling suggest that the Tjörnes Fracture Zone has all the characteristics of an oceanic transform fault, is 7–9 Ma old, and developed along the zone of maximum shear stress between the nearby tips of the rift zones of the Kolbeinsey Ridge and North Iceland. Conversely, the results indicate that the South Iceland seismic zone developed within an area of shear-stress concentration between the overlapping rift zones in South Iceland. The development of the South Iceland seismic zone is a consequence of the propagation of the eastern rift zone to the southwest during the past 3 Ma.
An Iteration Method for Common Solution of a System of Equilibrium Problems in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Kim Jong Kyu , Buong Nguyen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe strong convergence theorem is proved for finding a common solution for a system of equilibrium problems: find "Equation missing" where "Equation missing" is a closed convex subset of a Hilbert space "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" are "Equation missing" bifunctions from "Equation missing" into R given exactly or approximatively. As an application, finding a common solution for a system of variational inequality problems is given.
The Role of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain in Response and Progression in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Leleu Xavier , Xie Wanling , Bagshaw Meghan , Banwait Ranjit , Leduc Renee , Roper Nitin , Weller Edie , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Introduction: The serum free light chain (sFLC) has been widely used in the assessment of response in patients with multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias. However, its use in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) has not been previously assessed. We sought to examine the role of sFLC in response and progression of patients with WM.
Methods: This study was conducted in a cohort of 48 patients with a diagnosis of WM, untreated (n = 20) or relapsed/refractory (n = 28), prospectively treated on a bortezomib and rituximab trial.
Results: Involved FLC (iFLC) response occurred in 79% patients versus 60% by M-spike protocol criteria. The median time to response was shorter with iFLC than per protocol (2.1 and 3.7 months; P = 0.05). Progression defined using iFLC also correlated well to progression in the protocol (κ = 0.63). However, the median time to progression (TTP) was more rapid by iFLC than per protocol (13.7 and 18.9 months). We also confirmed that a flare in iFLC in post–rituximab therapy did not correlate with lack of response or shorter TTP.
Conclusion: Involved sFLC may be a useful marker of tumor measurement, showing earlier response and progression compared with IgM or M-spike measurements. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 3013–8. ©2011 AACR.
SDF-1α Induction in Mature Smooth Muscle Cells by Inactivation of PTEN Is a Critical Mediator of Exacerbated Injury-Induced Neointima Formation
Authors: Nemenoff Raphael A. , Horita Henrick , Ostriker Allison C. , Furgeson Seth B. , Simpson Peter A. , VanPutten Vicki , Crossno Joseph , Offermanns Stefan , Weiser-Evans Mary C.M. 
Published: March 2011

Objective—
PTEN inactivation selectively in smooth muscle cells (SMC) initiates multiple downstream events driving neointima formation, including SMC cytokine/chemokine production, in particular stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). We investigated the effects of SDF-1α on resident SMC and bone marrow–derived cells and in mediating neointima formation.

Methods and Results—
Inducible, SMC-specific PTEN knockout mice (PTEN iKO) were bred to floxed-stop ROSA26-β-galactosidase (βGal) mice to fate-map mature SMC in response to injury; mice received wild-type green fluorescent protein–labeled bone marrow to track recruitment. Following wire-induced femoral artery injury, βGal(+) SMC accumulated in the intima and adventitia. Compared with wild-type, PTEN iKO mice exhibited massive neointima formation, increased replicating intimal and medial βGal(+)SMC, and enhanced vascular recruitment of bone marrow cells following injury. Inhibiting SDF-1α blocked these events and reversed enhanced neointima formation observed in PTEN iKO mice. Most recruited green fluorescent protein(+) cells stained positive for macrophage markers but not SMC markers. SMC-macrophage interactions resulted in a persistent SMC inflammatory phenotype that was dependent on SMC PTEN and SDF-1α expression.

Conclusion—
Resident SMC play a multifaceted role in neointima formation by contributing the majority of neointimal cells, regulating recruitment of inflammatory cells, and contributing to adventitial remodeling. The SMC PTEN-SDF-1α axis is a critical regulator of these events.
Wissenschaft zwischen neuhumanistischem Bildungsideal und Staatsnutzen Zur Gründung der Berliner Universität 1810
Authors: Tress Werner 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBy now scholars agree that the foundation of the University of Berlin in 1810 and its glorification through the “Humboldtian myth” must be viewed separately. Nevertheless, ever since the 1910 centennial, historiography has rarely gone beyond references to the historical documents edited by Rudolf Köpke (1860) and Max Lenz (1910). Analyzing the lectures announced in the university calendar for the fall semester 1810/11, the essay shows that applied science and vocational training played a larger role than assumed. In founding the university, it seems, the authorities looked rather for the advancement of the common public interest (“Staatsnutzen”) than for the realization of a “Bildungsideal”. This essay pleads, therefore, for a comprehensive reassessment of the historical documents from the planning and founding stages of the University of Berlin.
Vom kairós zum Ereignis: Martin Heideggers Auseinandersetzung mit dem Urchristentum
Authors: Gorgone Sandro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Greek term kairós signifies on the one hand an opportune moment and time for decision-making and on the other hand the unpredictable yet expected moment of Christ's return on the Judgment Day according to Paul. The goal of this essay is to establish the connection between kairós and Heidegger's central concept of ,,Ereignis", which he developed in his later years. The Freiburg lectures on the phenomenology of religious life from the early 1920s and the posthumously published works from the 1930s and 1940s will serve to illustrate how the tradition of the Greek and Christian kairós influenced Heidegger's development of the idea of possibly overcoming the chronometric and metaphysical understanding of time as ,,Jetztzeit". He was thus able to deny the ontological privilege of present and presence. The role of Paul is decisive for Heidegger's thinking: the factual experience of the first Christian communities has not only had an external influence on the ,,Daseinsanalytik"; it has also influenced the entire development of ,,Seinsgeschichte" and has had a significant impact on Heidegger's last attempt to define ,,Seinsgeschichte" itself through the ,,Ereignis" beyond any ontological perspective.
Professor Manfred Lachs: Wise Man of International Law
Authors: Piontek Eugeniusz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article, based on the author’s presentation at the Conference “Sir Hersch Lauterpacht - Lawyer of Two Cultures”, organized by the Embassy of the Republic of Poland and the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law of the University of Cambridge on 5‐6 November 2008, aims at briefly presenting the life and achievements of Professor and Judge Manfred H. Lachs (21 April 1914‐14 January 1993). During the course of his prolific career, Judge Lachs was active and excelled in four different roles; those of scholar and academic teacher, diplomat and international judge. In all these roles, with his innovative and ground-breaking ideas, he has left his mark on legal discourse and his legal thought continues to be of great influence even today.