bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes of ADHD: Global and regional study publication trends
Authors: Shaw M. , Caci H. , Hodgkins P. , Kahle J. , Callamaras N. , Woods A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAs awareness of ADHD has increased throughout the world, interest has grown beyond the constellation of ADHD symptoms, including long-term effects and impact on people's lives.ObjectivesTo examine the consequences of childhood ADHD and the relevance of these outcomes in different world regions.AimsThis analysis examined the publication trends of studies of long-term outcomes of ADHD over time and among world regions.MethodsStudy identification followed Cochrane guidelines. Twelve databases were searched for reports published in English 1980–2010. Limiting criteria were designed to maximize study inclusion while maintaining a high level of study rigor: the studies were to(1)be peer-reviewed,(2)be primary study reports,(3)include a comparator group or baseline, and(4)report outcome results measured for a mean of 8 years (prospective studies, range of all studies was 6 months-40 years) after the start of the study, in late adolescence, or adulthood.The fully-defined electronic search yielded 4615 citations, which were then reviewed manually based on the titles and abstracts, yielding a final of 371 studies.ResultsStudy publication trends analysed included: publication year, country and world region of origin, outcome types, and study types. In general, the numbers of studies published per year globally has increased substantially (from 2 in 1980 to more than 40/year in 2007 and 2008) with differences observed between Europe and North America.ConclusionsAnalysis of publication trends can provide insight into outcomes of ADHD and the focus of specific world regions.Supported by Shire Development Inc.
Reforming mental health services in Portugal
Authors: Xavier M. , Mateus P. , Caldas-Almeida J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAnalysis of the mental health system in Portugal reveals some positive aspects in its development through recent decades, namely in what concerns the creation of decentralised services and rehabilitation programs. Despite this, Portuguese mental health services (MHS) still suffer from significant deficiencies, in terms of accessibility, equity and quality of care. There is a large gap between the number of people affected with mental disorders and those receiving treatment: for an estimated prevalence of 16.07%, the number of people receiving treatment in MHS was estimated to be 1.7%.ObjectivesThe major objectives of the new National Mental Health Plan are:1)Assure equal access to care,2)Promote and protect human rights3)Reduce the impact of mental health disorders4)Promote community delivery of care,5)Promote the integration of MHS in the general health services.MethodsA National Coordination Body for Mental Health has been empowered to assure the implementation of the National Mental Health Plan, with external monitoring by WHO.ResultsSince the last three years, there has been significant changes and improvements at the following levels: new legislation, creation of new MHS, forensic services, financing model, residential facilities (long term care), deinstitutionalization, training, programs for homeless people, domestic violence, advocacy and stigma.ConclusionsThe implementation of the mental health plan can help to overcome some of the problems present in MHS in Portugal. Special attention should be given to the financing model, has it represents a crucial restraint to the development of the MHS.
Adjunct quetiapine xr in patients with major depressive disorder: a pooled analysis of data from patients with anxious depression
Authors: Bandelow B. , Vieta E. , El-Khalili N. , Bauer M. , Nyberg S. , Eriksson H. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThis pooled analysis evaluated efficacy of adjunct quetiapine XR (QTP-XR) in subgroups of patients with anxious depression and lower levels of anxiety.MethodsPooled data from two 6-week, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials (D1448C00006/D1448C00007) in patients with inadequate response to antidepressants were analysed. Patients received adjunct QTP-XR (150 or 300 mg/day) or placebo+antidepressant (SSRI or SNRI). Using criteria defined in the STAR*D study, analyses conducted in patients with anxious depression or lower baseline anxiety levels (HAM-D anxiety/somatic factor score >/ = 7 and < 7, respectively) included LSM change at Week 6 in: MADRS total (primary endpoint), HAM-A and CGI-S total scores.ResultsFor patients with anxious depression (n = 697; 76% patients), adjunct QTP-XR 150mg/day (-14.44, p < 0.01) and 300 mg/day (-15.09, p < 0.001) significantly improved MADRS total scores versus placebo+antidepressant (-11.78) at Week 6, with significant improvement demonstrated from Week 1 onwards. Significant improvements were seen in HAM-A (QTP-XR 150 mg/day: -9.05, p < 0.01; 300 mg/day -9.43, p < 0.01) and CGI-S total scores (QTP-XR 150 mg/day: -1.60, p< 0.001; 300 mg/day -1.63, p < 0.001) versus placebo+antidepressant (-7.40, -1.22, respectively) at Week 6.A smaller subgroup (n = 222; 24% patients) had lower baseline anxiety levels. At Week 1, adjunct QTP-XR (150 mg/day -9.09; p < 0.01; 300 mg/day -8.60; p < 0.05) significantly improved MADRS total score versus placebo+antidepressant (-5.93). At Week 6 there were no significant changes (QTP-XR 150 mg/day -14.49; p = 0.243; 300 mg/day -14.01; p = 0.388) versus placebo+antidepressant (-12.78).ConclusionsFor patients with anxious depression, adjunct QTP-XR (150 and 300 mg/day) was effective at reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, with symptom improvement observed from Week 1 onwards. AstraZeneca funded.
Depression, inflammation and coronary heart disease: prognostical value of c reactive protein and depressive symptoms
Authors: Bruschi A. , Mazza M. , Harnic D. , Grandinetti P. , Battaglia C. , De Risio L. , di Nicola M. , Martinotti G. , Camardese G. , Pozzi G. , Janiri L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe aim of this preliminary study is to assess, in a sample of patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), the specific association between depressive symptoms and systemic inflammation.MethodsSixty-One inpatients with CHD, 31 Unstable Angina and 28 Myocardial Infarction, participated in the study. The plasma levels of C Reactive Protein were measured using Dade Behring’s High Sensitivity CRP assay (hs-CRP) at T0, T30 and T90.At the same timings, they were tested by an examiner, unaware of their diagnosis, with a psychometric battery (SCL90-R, HDRS, MADRS, BDI, QlesQ).ResultsThe elevation of hs-CRP occurs during the whole observation period, with maximum significance at T90 (p = 0,031).A multivariate analysis at T0 indicates a statistical correlation between SCL90-R scores and hs-CRP levels (p = 0.02).The SCL90-R is also associated with the risk of further cardiac events (p = 0.013).Also the BDI could be useful as a prognostic factor (p = 0.026).We found a trend towards correlation between CRP values and depressive symptoms, but it never reaches statistical significance for the other scales.ConclusionsThe feelings of loss and the fear of death, related to the environmental and emotional situation of the hospitalization, may prevail in the acute phase of CHDs.Some patients may overcome this reactive depression, while others may exhibit a biological depression, related to the high level of CRP and thus to an increased risk of re-infarction and other coronary events.
Effects of lithium on the HPA axis in patients with unipolar major depression
Authors: Bschor T. , Ritter D. , Lewitzka U. , Bauer M. , Uhr M. , Ising M. 
Published: May 2011

Background(I)Profound alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulation were repeatedly shown in depressed patients. The most sensitive challenge test of the HPA axis, the combined dexamethasone/CRH test (DEX/CRH test), shows an overstimulation of ACTH and cortisol in depressed patients. Under tricyclic antidepressant treatment, a normalization of the HPA axis overdrive was found to precede the clinical improvement.(II)Lithium is a well established drug for the treatment of affective disorders. Yet, its exact mode of action and its effects on the HPA axis are still unknown.Design and methodsThree 4-week studies with each 30 acutely depressed patients (unipolar, SCID I confirmed) were conducted. In study 1, patients refractory to a treatment trial with an antidepressant of at least four weeks were treated with lithium augmentation. In study 2 and 3, drug free patients were treated with lithium monotherapy or citalopram monotherapy respectively. Weekly HAM-D ratings were performed. In each study, the DEX/CRH test was conducted right before and four weeks after initiation of the pharmacotherapy.ResultsAll three pharmacological strategies showed good antidepressive efficacy. Both lithium monotherapy and lithium augmentation led to a (for most parameters significant) increase in the HPA axis activity. In contrast, citalopram monotherapy resulted in a decrease of the hormone response to the DEX/CRH test.
Neurobiological and somatic particularities at women with depressive disorder
Authors: Marinescu I. , Marinescu D. , Pirlog M.C. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundDepressive disorder at women associated important neurobiological (cortical atrophy) and somatic vulnerabilities. (metabolic syndrome, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus associated with weight gain).MethodsRetrospective study on 100 women patient lot, 36–55 years, hospitalized in Psychiatry Clinic of Craiova from January 1st 2007 to December 31st 2009. The inclusion criteria are: depressive disorder (HDS score 20–24), without somatic disorders. The final assessment was realized for this items: remission level (full, partially remission, persistent depression), cognitive impairment (MMSE), weight gain (+7.5 kg from baseline), somatic disorders.For patients with cognitive impairment, persistence depression and weight gain we effectuated the psychostress evaluation and brain computer tomography.ResultsFull remission - 40% of patients; partially remission - 37%; persistence depression: 23% (HAD >18).Cognitive impairment - MMSE < 25 - all the patients with persistence depression and 5 patients with partially remission, 72 patients does not have cognitive impairment.Weight gain: >7kg from baseline - 45 patients.Somatic disorders: hypertension: 32 patients; coronary heart disease: 27 patients; diabetes mellitus: 21 patients.At patients with persistence depression, cognitive impairment and weight gain (12 patients) the CT revealed cortical atrophy, calcification of choroid plexus and ventricular enlargement.All the patients had high scores on the Lloyd Stress Scale.ConclusionsWeight gain and high scores for psychosocial stress can be in the future markers for the prediction of evolution risk in depression at women and is required the association of psychopharmacological treatment with psychokinetotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic methods for the decrease of psychostress.
Bone marrow, depression” - transmission of psychiatric diseases through hematologic stem cell transplantation ? - Aetilogic considerations and a clinical case report
Authors: Weydt P. , Connemann B. , Schönfeldt-Lecuona C. 
Published: May 2011

Allogeneous hematogenic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative therapeutic strategy for numerous benign and malignant hematologic diseases. The transplantation procedure is characterized by significant physical, social and psychological stressors, especially for the graft recipient. This can lead to depression and anxiety. Every HSCT represents a potential risk for transmission of known and unknown diseases. Hematologically transmissible diseases of the donor therefore are considered a contraindication. Recent animal experiments have demonstrated that psychiatric diseases can transmitted via HSCT from donor to recipient. So far there are no such observations in human patients.Here we report the case of a 33 year old male patient who, because of a rare chronic hypoplastic congenital aenemia, underwent HSCT. The BM donor was the brother of the patient and suffered from recurrent depressive disorder. Because of the short stature resulting from his underlying hematologic disease the patient had been in psychotherapy form several years. Depressive episodes had not been observed during this time. 10 weeks post HSCT the patient experienced a depressed mood and recurring anxiety attacs. The initiation of antidpressant medication was considered but not started due to the mild symptomatology.While depressive symptoms after HSCT are not infrequent because of the multiple stressors outlined above, we argue that in the light of the recent animals studies on the transmission of psychiatric disease via hematopoeitic stem cells in the present constellation a hematologic transmission of the mood disorder can also be condsidered.Acknowledment: To the colleagues of the Department of Pediatrics.
Eating disorders in adolescents Portuguese
Authors: Albuquerque C. , Regalo S. , Pires S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe eating disorders are serious psychological problems which particularly affect young women. In this context, and in view of epidemiological data are still scarce in Portugal, is of great interest to boost a current and ongoing research.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify and characterize, in Portuguese adolescents, behavioral and psychological dimensions associated with eating disorders Methods: Using quantitative methods, the study focused on a group of 458 adolescent students, aged between 15 and 20 years (average: 16.86), mostly female (58.70%), attending the tenth grade (37.80%) and without having to diet at the present time (74.70%). As measurement instruments were used anthropometric data and “Eating Disorders Inventory - EDI (Garner, Olmsted & Polivy, 1983).ResultsThe female adolescents tend to have higher results in the clinical subscales of EDI, suggesting a higher level of psychological distress. An analysis of age distribution of adolescents shows a peak for the characteristic signs of anorexia at 16 and a peak for the symptoms of bulimia at 20. Finally, adolescents who are currently dieting tend to score higher on all subscales of EDI, which suggests they tend to seek more leanness, feel greater body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust increased, fear of maturity and also a greater general feeling of powerlessness, insecurity, low self-esteem and loss of control over their lives.ConclusionsAfter it performed this situation diagnosis, we intend to formulate a proposal of intervention in school environment, in the scope of Health Education, that can help these young it will carry out his healthier form life project.
Perception of body shape in bulimia nervosa: An ERP study
Authors: Volpe U. , Galderisi S. , Mucci A. , Vignapiano A. , Montefusco V. , Russo D. , Maj M. 
Published: May 2011

Body image distortion represents a key clinical feature of eating disorders (EDs), but its neurobiological underpinnings are poorly understood. Previous functional imaging studies yielded inconsistent findings, indicating a possible involvement of fronto-temporal and/or limbic abnormalities. Since these putative regions are highly interconnected and participate into functional networks, it might be useful to study the temporal evolution of their activation during the processing of body images.The present study was aimed to explore the neurobiological correlates of body image processing in subjects with bulimia nervosa (BN), using the high-time resolution, electrical neuroimaging technique called LORETA.Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 30 unipolar channels in 10 subjects with BN and 10 matched healthy controls, during the performance of an emotional counting Stroop task, in which the distorted, non-distorted and scrambled image of their own body and an unfamiliar body image were randomly presented on a computer screen.Using the LORETA source imaging technique, we found that subjects with BN had a greater activation in frontal areas and anterior cingulate during late phases of body image processing, with respect to healthy controls.Our results indicate that patients with BN need to allocate a greater amount of attentive and executive resources, than healthy controls, during the integrative stage of body shape processing.
How do we restraint?
Authors: Becirovic E. , Arnautalic A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionRestraints is the ultimate method of behavior control, which should be used when patients may be harmful to themselves or others, or when they remain agitated and noncompliant, and violence seems imminent. When used with a compassionate, humanistic approach, restraint can achieve a therapeutic outcome for the patient while protecting the safety of others. But how do we use restraints?AimsTo asses restraint practice in our Clinic.MethodsWe assessed consecutively every restrained patient in period of 92 days (from 9.7. to 7.10. 2009.) and noted age, sex, duration, and time of beginning and ending of restraints, number of restraints, diagnoses, therapy, and reasons for restraints.ResultsWe found that male patients were more often restrained. Also age span was pretty wide (from 14 to 70 years of age). Some periods of restraints were very long, the longest were 120 h. We also found interesting results considering time of beginning and ending of restraints.ConclusionsThe practice is different from theory. There are areas, in our restraints practice, that should be improved.
Management of GHB intoxication and withdrawal in General hospitals
Authors: Teijeiro R. , Upmeijer J.-G. 
Published: May 2011

GHB (Gamma 4- Hydroxybutayric Acid) has seen an exponential growth in most European countries over the past few years. Intoxication and withdrawal syndromes occasionally seen at First Aid and liason psychiatry services of General Hospitals were mostly cases of recreational GHB use, i.e. in relatively low dosage, less than 40 mg/kg GHB. The state of the art treatment of states were based on treating the symptoms by means of high dosage benzodiazepines and systemic support.The growth in GHB intake has caused a new patient population arriving at the General Hospital on a very high GHB dosage, showing rather serious delirant states concomitant with very aggressive behaviour. They usually end up under narcosis at the IC.We will present management guidelines developed by us for treating this problematic, drawn from guidelines for detoxification treatment within rehab care and based on Medicinal GHB.The system for treatment proposed here has by now been successfully implemented in various hospitals in the Netherlands.
The role of psychosocial treatment in decreasing of future violence behavior risk in forensicly treated psychiatric patients
Authors: Jonovska S. , Jengić V.Š. , Safner L. , Bošković G. , Zudenigo S. 
Published: May 2011

The main aim of this study was to establish to what extent psychosocial treatment as a part of complex, multicomponent forensic treatment has an influence on decreasing of the future violence behavior risk in population of forensic psychiatric patients. We examinated 13 patients treated on Department of Forensic Psychiatry of Psychiatric Hospital Rab in Rab, Croatia. 9 of them were males and 4 of them females, 25–60 years of age, all of them were compulsory hospitalized because of committed criminal act connected with violent behavior. All of them have diagnosis of schizophrenic group of diseases with different duration of forensic treatment (from few months to few years). During 2010. all of them participated in psychosocial programe workshops once a week, for 6 months.MethodsViolence Risk Screening-10 (V-RISK-10), subjective measure of the programme chairmen performed in the beginning and in the end of the programme. The Aggression Questionnaire and Daily Spiritual Experience Scale as self-assesment scales were performed in the end of the programme. Results point on decreasing of V-RISK-10 results in the end of the programe in all participants. Interested observation was that mentioned results and those on self-assesment scales were not always been correlated positively. We also proved negative correlation between aggressivity and spirituality. As a conclusion, we have indications to believe that is real to expect that comining psychosocial treatment with targeted psuchopharmacological interventions could leed to decreasing the risk of future violent bihevior in forensicly treated psuchiatric patients.
A comparison of mental health assessment of mentally ill offenders by mental health professionals
Authors: Najim H. , Childs J. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundCriminal justice mental health teams were established in The United kingdom in the late nineties of the last century following the publication of the Reed Report 1991.Two teams were established in South Essex following the geographical locality of each team. Basildon and Thurrock and Southend.MethodsAn evaluation form was devised to record all essential areas of assessment.Twenty five assessment of each team were picked and evaluated randomly over a period of a three months. A comparison was done between the assessment of the two teams.ResultsReferring agency one from the west didn’t mention itThree of the west didn’t have the index offence;One of the east and two of the west didn’t have past forensic history.Three of the west and one of the east didn’t have risk assessment.One of the west didn’t have summary of concernsThree of both didn’t mention whether other professionals involved or not.DiscussionComparison between different teams is important to make sure that there is a standard format for assessment and whether it is used in all assessments.It has been shown that assessments are very good in general in both teams. There are some areas which need to be addressed and managed.12% of patients on the west didn’t have risk assessment which is very risky.ConclusionThis comparison has highlighted areas we need to take care off especially risk assessment and liaising with other agencies in managing theses very special group of patients.
The association of NRG1, DTNBP1, RGS4, G72/G30 and PIP5K2A candidate genes with cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls
Authors: Réthelyi J.M. , Polgár P. , Benkovits J. , Jekkel É. , Czobor P. , Bitter I. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPrevious studies have indicated association of schizophrenia candidate genes with cognition both in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals. In the same sample we have shown differential association of candidate genes with symptom severity in patients.Objectives and aimsTo test the most extensively researched schizophrenia candidate genes for association with domain-specific cognitive functions.MethodsCognitive functioning was assessed in a subsample of 263 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and 135 healthy controls by a neuropsychological test-battery measuring the domains of sustained vigilance/attention, working memory, short-term memory, verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, and ideation fluency. Using the raw neuropsychological measures we calculated a global index of cognitive impairment and domain-specific composite z-scores. Clinical assessment was performed using the Schedule for Deficit Syndrome and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. DNA samples were genotyped for polymorphisms of the candidate genes NRG1, DTNBP1, RGS4, G72/G30 and PIP5K2A. Association between the above composite scores and the SNPs was examined using the General Linear Model (GLM) analysis.ResultsThe preliminary analyses uncovered statistically significant associations between DTNBP1 rs909706 and the global index of cognitive impairment (F = 3,39; p = 0,03), and cognitive flexibility (F = 4,81; p = 0,01), and DTNBP1 rs1011313 and short-term memory (F = 3,66; p = 0,02). Moreover RGS4 rs10917670 was associated with working-memory (F = 4,28; p = 0.01). We found no association of NRG1, G72/G30 or PIP5K2A with the domains of cognitive functioning.ConclusionsOur results support the association of DTNBP1 and RGS4 candidate genes with cognition, as a possible endophenotype of schizophrenia.