bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inbreeding and density‐dependent population growth in a small, isolated lion population
Authors: Trinkel M. , Funston P. , Hofmeyr M. , Hofmeyr D. , Dell S. , Packer C. , Slotow R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn South Africa, more than 30 small, enclosed game reserves have reintroduced lions over the last two decades, which now house more than 500 individuals. There is a high risk of inbreeding in these fragmented, fenced and isolated populations, which may be compounded by a lack of management guidelines. A population of 11 founder lionsPanthera leowas reintroduced to Madikwe Game Reserve in 1995, and this population has in turn become a source for reestablishing other populations. Only four lineages were reintroduced, founder males were related to founder females, and since 1997, only one male lineage maintained tenure for >9 years, resulting in breeding with direct relatives. Interventionist management to limit lion population growth and inbreeding in Madikwe has taken the form of translocating, trophy hunting and culling of mainly sub adult lions. Despite this management, inbreeding started 5 years after reintroduction. Reproductive performance and thus population growth in Madikwe were dependent on the overall lion population density. When lion density was low, females first gave birth at a significantly younger age and produced larger litters, resulting in a high population growth rate, which decreased significantly when lion density in the park reached carrying capacity, that is, 61 lions. This might have profound consequences for future reestablishment of lion populations when restocking new reserves: our study illustrates the need for founder populations of reintroduced endangered predator species to be as large and genetically diverse as possible, and thereafter new genetic material should be supplemented. The development of such management guidelines is becoming very important as large predator populations become increasingly fragmented and managed as metapopulations.
Analysing consumers' ‘activism’ in response to rising prices
Authors: Barda Constantia , Sardianou Eleni 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to compose the profile of active consumers in Greece during a period of rising prices taking into account shifts in their consumption. A survey was conducted from 1 September 2008 to 21 November 2008 to collect the primary data source for the study. Questionnaires were administered to 200 consumers. To our knowledge this was the first attempt to offer insight into the characteristics of the Greek consumer in a period of economic crisis. For this purpose, econometric analysis was employed. Empirical results suggested that high‐income groups spend more for food commodities and are less likely to be active consumers. It was concluded that consumers have reduced spending for some basic and semi‐luxury products like fruits, meat, alcohol, sweets and coffee, and entertainment activities. The main factor which affected the reaction to price increases, as expected, was the monthly private income. Twenty per cent of the consumers are members of a national consumer movement organization, and support their actions against rising prices. Women, who research the market before purchasing a product, are more likely than men to participate in economic boycotts. By examining the profile of non‐active consumers and the reasons for their behaviour, we are able to propose a policy for the activation of the Greek consumer movement, which is necessary for the consumers' resistance to rising prices. Taking into consideration that Greek consumers face increased prices for food commodities and services, a policy framework to activate consumers is among the main prerequisites for maintaining consumers' well being. We suggest that the Greek Consumer Protection Institutes should regain consumers' confidence and focus on the dissemination of information about organized economic boycotts.
The profile of the green consumer in Greece
Authors: Abeliotis Konstadinos , Koniari Christina , Sardianou Eleni 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSustainable consumption is one of the major goals of the affluent European societies in their quest for sustainable development. A key player in sustainable consumption is the sustainable or green consumer. The aim of this study was to examine the profile of the Greek green consumer based on the study and empirical analysis of engagement in selected 3R (reduce – reuse – recycle) activities. In addition, the attitudes on certain issues related to sustainable consumption of the consumers were examined and analysed.Empirical analysis is based on the use of a cross‐section data set. An extensive survey of 300 Greek consumers via a questionnaire was carried out in the first trimester of 2008. The sampled households were located in five of the main and most representative regions of Athens, with respect to the socioeconomic characteristics (sex, age, income group, education level) of their residents. Respondents were asked to answer questions examining the 3R concept on daily issues such as solid waste generation and water and energy consumption.Empirical results are based on the estimation of regression models. Econometric models are estimated for each question explaining engagement in 3R activities. Empirical results suggest that sociodemographic characteristics do specify engagement in 3R related activities. In particular, age and income are the most influential factors that determine this engagement.In addition, our study reveals that four out of five Greek consumers identify global climate change as the most important issue of our time. However, only one in five of the respondents are willing to change their lifestyle in order to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of our everyday activities; compared with men, women are more willing to do so. One in two consumers report that eco‐friendly products are more expensive than standard ones. However, when questioned as to whether they would pay a higher price for products with less environmental impact, almost four out of five responded favourably.
Do consumers act in a sustainable way using their refrigerator? The influence of consumer real life behaviour on the energy consumption of cooling appliances
Authors: Geppert Jasmin , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOver recent decades, energy savings and resource conservation have become increasingly important issues for debate, and this includes the residential sector. Since the introduction of the European Energy Label, the energy consumption of appliances has decreased drastically. Additionally, a number of guidelines have been published to assist the consumer in adopting more energy‐saving behaviours. Refrigerators and freezers in particular are covered by these recommendations because they are large energy consumers in domestic households. In order to understand the influence of consumers' real life circumstances and their behaviour in relation to the energy consumption of refrigerators, a web‐based survey was carried out. A total of 1011 participants in four European countries completed a questionnaire to allow the researchers to gain information about refrigerator characteristics and consumer behaviour in relation to refrigerator use. As well as demographic and socio‐economic characteristics of the participants, data were collected on refrigerator configuration and specification, ambient conditions (ambient temperature, position near any heat sources), and consumer behaviours such as shopping frequency, loading of the refrigerator, door opening and food consumption. The study has shown that recommendations on energy efficient usage are not always observed. A major finding of the present study is that for 25% of refrigerators, correct operation is not ensured as these appliances are operated outside the temperature ranges specified according to their climatic classes. This suggests a lack of consumer information on this topic. Consequently, guidelines and recommendations will have to be revised and their dissemination to be improved in order to ensure the sustainable and safe use of domestic refrigerators.
Manual dishwashing habits: an empirical analysis of UK consumers
Authors: Berkholz Petra , Stamminger Rainer , Wnuk Gabi , Owens Jeremy , Bernarde Simone 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study presents an overview of the washing up behaviour of consumers in the UK. Peoples' individual attitudes were observed as were the amount of water and energy used, the time taken and the cleaning performance. Additionally, manual dishwashing was compared with the use of automatic dishwashers. Participants were recruited to represent all geographic regions of the UK as well as forming a representative cross‐section of the population. Each of the 150 participants washed a full load of soiled tableware based on the standard EN 50242 ‘Electric Dishwashers for Household Use – Methods for Measuring the Performance’. For comparison, the best selling dishwasher in the UK in 2007 was tested under the same conditions as those in the consumer trial. Additionally, consumers who owned a full‐size dishwasher were asked to load it to the point when they decided that the dishwasher was full.The study shows that these consumers, on average, used 49 l of water and 1.7 kWh of energy, whereas the dishwasher used 13 l of water and 1.3 kWh of energy on average for the same amount of dishes under the conditions tested. Statistical analysis showed that these differences are significant. The dishes washed by hand were found to be slightly less clean than dishes washed in a dishwasher. For washing a full dishwasher load by hand, the participants needed, on average, 60 min, while they only took 9 min on average to load and unload the same amount of dishes in a dishwasher. The average participants were able to fill almost the full load into the dishwasher (96% of the items as used in a test following EN 50242).
Paclitaxel‐Eluting Stents for Chronically Occluded Saphenous Vein Grafts (EOS) Study
Authors: JIM MAN‐HONG , HO HEE‐HWA , KO RYAN LAP‐YAN , SIU CHUNG‐WAH , YIU KAI‐HANG , LAU CHU‐PAK , CHOW WING‐HING 
Published: February 2010

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to report the feasibility, short‐ and medium‐term results of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on saphenous vein graft (SVG) chronic total occlusions (CTO) using paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES).
Background:

In postbypass patients, PCI on SVG CTO, rather than native vessel CTO, is another treatment option. However, the acute procedural and medium‐term outcomes are unknown.
Methods:

Twenty‐two consecutive, symptomatic postbypass patients underwent PCI on SVG CTO; angiographic success was seen in 16 patients (73%). The successful cases were evaluated at 1 year; restudy angiography was performed at 11 ± 5 months in 15 patients (94%).
Results:

The patients had a mean age of 73 years with predominance of male (68%); the mean SVG age was 14 years. On average, patients received 3.4 PESs per lesion; the stent size was 3.5 ± 0.4 mm with a total stent length of 98 ± 34 mm. The use of embolic protection devices and glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa inhibitors was observed in 6 (38%) and 5 (31%) patients, respectively. The in‐hospital major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was 13%, accountable by 2 patients with postprocedure myocardial infarction. At follow‐up, 6 patients had angiographic restenosis (40%); there was 1 noncardiac death and 3 target vessel revascularizations. The 1‐year MACE was 25%; the graft survival free of occlusion and revascularization was 56%.
Conclusions:

PCI on SVG CTO is a feasible approach with a fairly high success and low in‐hospital complication. However, it is associated with a relatively high angiographic restenosis and MACE at 1 year. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:40–45)
Influence of interimplant distances and placement depth on peri‐implant bone remodeling of adjacent and immediately loaded Morse cone connection implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs
Authors: Barros Raquel R. M. , Novaes Arthur B. , Muglia Valdir A. , Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to histomorphometrically evaluate the influence of interimplant distances (ID) and implant placement depth on bone remodeling around contiguous Morse cone connection implants with ‘platform‐shifting’ in a dog model.Material and methods: Bilateral mandibular premolars of six dogs were extracted, and after 12 weeks, each dog received 8 implants, four placed 1.5 mm subcrestally (SCL) on one side of the mandible and four placed equicrestally (ECL) on the other side, alternating the ID of 2 and 3 mm. The experimental groups were SCL with IDs of 2 mm (2 SCL) and 3 mm (3 SCL) and ECL with IDs of 2 mm (2 ECL) and 3 mm (3 ECL). Metallic crowns were immediately installed. After 8 weeks, the animals were euthanized and histomorphometric analyses were performed to compare bone remodeling in the groups.Results: The SCL groups' indices of crestal bone resorption were significantly lower than those of ECL groups. In addition, the vertical bone resorption around the implants was also numerically inferior in the SCL groups, but without statistical significance. No differences were obtained between the different IDs. All the groups presented similar good levels of bone‐to‐implant contact and histological bone density.Conclusion: The subcrestal placement of contiguous Morse cone connection implants with ‘platform shifting’ was more efficient in preserving the interimplant crestal bone. The IDs of 2 and 3 mm did not affect the bone remodeling significantly under the present conditions. To cite this article:
Barros RRM, Novaes AB Jr., Muglia VA, Iezzi G, Piattelli A. Influence of interimplant distances and placement depth on peri‐implant bone remodeling of adjacent and immediately loaded Morse cone connection implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 371–378. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01860.x
Comparison of two full‐mouth approaches in the treatment of peri‐implant mucositis: a pilot study
Authors: Thöne‐Mühling Miriam , Swierkot Katrin , Nonnenmacher Claudia , Mutters Reinier , Flores‐de‐Jacoby Lavin , Mengel Reiner 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that an additional full‐mouth disinfection results in a greater clinical and microbiological improvement compared with sole mechanical debridement within one session in patients with peri‐implant mucositis and treated chronic periodontitis.Material and methods: The study included 13 partially edentulous patients (mean age 51.5 years) with treated chronic periodontitis and 36 dental implants with mucositis (bleeding on probing and/or a gingival index ≥1 at least at one site at baseline, absence of peri‐implant bone loss during the last 2 years before baseline). After randomized assignment to a test and a control group, patients received a one‐stage full‐mouth scaling with or without chlorhexidine. Clinical and microbiological examination was performed at baseline, after 1, 2, 4 and 8 months. Additional microbial samples were taken 24 h after treatment. Microbiological analysis was performed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Both treatment modalities resulted in significant reductions of probing depth at implant sites after 8 months, with no significant group differences. The bacteria at implants and teeth could be reduced in every group 24 h after treatment; however, this reduction was not significant after 8 months.Conclusions: Both treatment modalities led to an improvement of the clinical parameters and a temporary reduction of the microflora at implants with mucositis, but without significant inter‐group differences after 8 months. To cite this article:
Thöne‐Mühling M, Swierkot K, Nonnenmacher C, Mutters R, Flores‐de‐Jacoby L, Mengel R. Comparison of two full‐mouth approaches in the treatment of peri‐implant mucositis: a pilot study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 504–512. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01861.x
Enhanced osteoblast response to hydrophilic strontium and/or phosphate ions‐incorporated titanium oxide surfaces
Authors: Park Jin‐Woo , Kim Youn‐Jeong , Jang Je‐Hee 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective: This study investigated the surface characteristics and in vitro biocompatibility of titanium (Ti) surfaces incorporated with strontium ions (Sr) and/or phosphate ions (P) produced by hydrothermal treatment for future applications as endosseous implant surfaces.Material and methods: Sr and/or P‐incorporated Ti oxide surfaces were produced by hydrothermal treatment. The surface characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, thin‐film X‐ray diffractometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle and surface energy measurements, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and profilometry. MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblast cell attachment, morphology of spread cells, viability, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression on grit‐blasted microrough (RBM), P‐incorporated (P), and P‐ and Sr‐incorporated (SrP) Ti surfaces were evaluated.Results: Microstructured P and SrP surfaces showed significantly higher wettability and surface energy compared with RBM surfaces (P<0.01). After immersion in Hank's balanced salt solution, considerable apatite deposition was observed on the P and SrP surfaces. Sr incorporation significantly increased cellular attachment and viability compared with other surfaces (P<0.05). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed markedly higher mRNA expressions of the osteoblast transcription factor gene (Runx2) and the osteoblast phenotype genes (alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin) in cells grown on the P and SrP surfaces compared with those on the RBM surface.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that Sr‐ and P‐incorporated Ti oxide surfaces may improve implant bone healing by enhancing attachment, viability, and differentiation of osteoblastic cells. To cite this article:
Park J‐W, Kim Y‐J, Jang J‐H. Enhanced osteoblast response to hydrophilic strontium and/or phosphate ions‐incorporated titanium oxide surfaces. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 398–408. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01863.x
Prospective study with a 2‐year follow‐up on immediate implant loading in the edentulous mandible with a definitive restoration using intra‐oral welding
Authors: Degidi Marco , Nardi Diego , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the concept of intra‐oral welding as a suitable technique for the fabrication of a restoration for edentulous mandibles on the same day as surgery using tapered connection implants.Material and methods: Each of 20 patients had an edentulous mandible and received four inter‐foraminal, tapered connection implants. All implants were immediately loaded with a fixed restoration supported by an intra‐orally welded titanium framework. Final abutments were connected to the implants and then a titanium bar was welded to them using an intra‐oral welding unit. This framework was used as a support for the final restoration, which was fitted on the same day as implant placement. Mean marginal bone loss and radiographically detectable alteration of the welded framework were assessed using periapical radiographs immediately after surgery, and at 6‐, 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐up examinations.Results: Seven males and 13 females, with an average age of 56.5 years (SD=15.1; n=20), were consecutively treated with 80 immediately loaded implants. No fracture or radiographically detectable alteration of the welded frameworks was evident. All implants osseointegrated and a 100% implant survival rate was achieved at the 24‐month follow‐up. The accumulated mean marginal bone growth was 0.21 mm (SD 0.25, n=80). The average pocket probing depth was 1.38 mm (SD 0.41).Conclusions: The intra‐oral welding technique applied to the delivery of a final restoration of the edentulous mandible over immediately restored tapered connection implants seems to have no adverse effect on marginal bone loss and implant survival. To cite this article:
Degidi M, Nardi D, Piattelli A. Prospective study with a 2‐year follow‐up on immediate implant loading in the edentulous mandible with a definitive restoration using intra‐oral welding. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 379–385. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01865.x
Evaluation by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular bone quality in mandible and cervical vertebrae
Authors: Celenk Peruze , Celenk Cetin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to make a comparison between mandibular and cervical vertebral bone quality (BQ) using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: The cervical MRI images included in this study belonged to 36 patients (23 women, 13 men; mean age 54 years) who had various clinical symptoms (e.g., headache, vertigo, imbalance). The mandible and cervical vertebrae BQ measurements were performed by the same investigator on these sections. Mandibular and cervical vertebral T2* axial cross sections were performed following receipt of consent from each patient. T2* relaxation time values were determined in the trabecular area.Results: The relationship between cervical vertebral and mandibular BQ was revealed by regression and correlation analysis. The correlation coefficient was r=0.04, r2=0.002, and P=0.818, which is not statistically significant. The relation between age and mandible BQ was very weak (r=0.001, r2=0.000001, and P=0.995), and the relation between age and cervical vertebrae BQ was correlated (r=−0.585, r2=0.342, and P<0.001).Conclusions: There is a low correlation between the BQ measurements of cervical vertebrae and the mandible. Precise mandibular BQ measurement does not provide information that correlates with BQ in the other sites of the skeleton. Although an age‐dependent decrease occurs in vertebral BQ, no significant alteration occurs in mandibular BQ. To cite this article:
Celenk P, Celenk C. Evaluation by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular bone quality in mandible and cervical vertebrae. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 409–413. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01869.x