bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Decision to Receive Influenza Vaccination Among Nurses in North and South Dakota
Authors: Johansen Laurie Jo , Stenvig Thomas , Wey Howard 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT Objectives: We examined the relationships between factors (intention, habit, facilitating conditions, and social, cognitive, and affective factors) and nurses' decisions about influenza vaccinations to understand why some get vaccinated while others do not.
Design and Sample: In a descriptive correlational design, the Triandis model of interpersonal behavior was used to examine the decision of nurses to receive influenza vaccinations. Participants were a random sample (N=193) of registered nurses in North and South Dakota drawn from the respective state nursing licensing board lists.
Measures: Instrument construction and mail survey procedures followed Dillman's tailored design method.
Results: The response rate exceeded 80%. The findings revealed significant, positive correlations among all model variables. Item analysis showed that false beliefs about influenza disease and vaccinations were prevalent and that there was a wide variation in employer support for nurses getting vaccinated.
Conclusions: Educational and social marketing strategies may improve nurse's knowledge about influenza disease and vaccine and increase vaccine uptake. Employers should be encouraged to promote and improve influenza vaccine accessibility in the workplace. Additional study is needed to understand how best to strengthen the influence of intention and habit on the decision of nurses to receive influenza vaccinations.
Chronic Migraine, Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Epidemiology
Authors: Lipton Richard B. 
Published: July 2011

(Headache 2011;51;S2:77‐83)Chronic migraine (CM) is the most disabling of the 4 types of primary chronic daily headache (CDH) of long duration, a syndrome defined by primary headaches 15 or more days per month for at least 3 months with attacks that last 4 hours or more per day on average. CDH of long duration includes CM, chronic tension‐type headache, new daily persistent headache, and hemicrania continua. CM affects approximately 2% of the adult population in Western countries, imposing substantial burdens on individual sufferers and their families and, more broadly, upon society. Although this disorder is highly disabling and prevalent, it remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated.Diagnosing CM requires a systematic approach that includes these steps: (1) exclude a secondary headache disorder, and (2) diagnose a specific primary headache syndrome based on frequency and duration, for example, short‐duration episodic, long‐duration episodic, or long‐duration chronic. CM usually develops as a complication of episodic migraine after a period of increasing headache frequency. This migraine transformation is associated with a number of risk factors, some of which cannot be modified, including age and race. Other risk factors for CM are modifiable, such as obesity, snoring, head injury, stressful life events, and overuse of opioids and barbiturates. However, risk factor modification has not yet been shown to decrease the likelihood of CM onset.According to a cross‐sectional analysis of data from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention study published this year in Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, when compared to patients with episodic migraine, patients with CM were significantly less likely to be employed full‐time and almost twice as likely to be occupationally disabled. In addition, patients with CM were nearly twice as likely to have anxiety, chronic pain, or depression. Furthermore, patients with CM had higher cardiovascular and respiratory risk, were 40% more likely to have heart disease and angina, and were 70% more likely to have a history of stroke. These findings highlight the paramount importance of clinical vigilance, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate, effective management – including treatment or referrals – to improve patient outcomes.
Implications of Current Clinical Trials Focused on Medication Overuse and Therapeutic Prophylaxis
Authors: Aurora Sheena K. 
Published: July 2011

(Headache 2011;51;S2:93‐100)Chronic migraine (CM) is a complex disorder requiring a multifaceted management approach encompassing lifestyle modification, trigger avoidance, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, patient education and support, management of expectations, and close follow‐up. The lack of pharmacotherapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hinders CM prophylaxis and management. Topiramate, gabapentin, tizanidine, fluoxetine, amitriptyline, and onabotulinumtoxinA have been evaluated for prophylactic treatment of CM in randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled or active comparator‐controlled trials. Additional well‐designed, placebo‐controlled studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of new and existing treatment options for CM. Understanding current clinical trial design and management guidelines is critical to designing future trials that overcome the challenge of consistent use of sensitive and clinically meaningful outcome measures.Topiramate is approved for episodic migraine management and has been studied for CM management. A growing body of evidence has shown it to be safe, effective, and well‐tolerated in specific patient populations. However, intolerable adverse effects and inadequate efficacy associated with topiramate may lead to poor adherence. The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of onabotulinumtoxinA have been demonstrated in studies in various migraine patient populations, leading to recent FDA approval of onabotulinumtoxinA for the prophylactic treatment of CM in adults. These studies included patients with or without medication overuse, which may affect 30% to 80% of CM patients in the USA. In this program, we will analyze and discuss recent clinical trials investigating topiramate and onabotulinumtoxinA for CM.
Repair of Monteggia Fractures Using an Arthrex Tightrope System and Ulnar Plating
Authors: Vallone Luc , Schulz Kurt 
Published: July 2011

Objective: To report the outcome after treatment of Monteggia fractures (MF) using a novel surgical technique.Study design: Clinical reports.Methods: One dog and 1 cat were treated for MF by use of a Tightrope suture, toggle, and button implant. In both patients the fracture/luxations were reduced using an open technique and the tightrope was placed using a cannulated drill system and guide wire from cranial to caudal. Cases were retrospectively reviewed at 1, 5, and 8 weeks (cat) and at 4 weeks and 4 months (dog) for complications and outcome. Outcomes were measured by subjective assessment of range of motion comparing affected to unaffected limbs, and lameness scoring and by client description of function.Results: Both animals returned to normal function with range of motion close to that of the unaffected limb. No complications were recognized.Conclusions: Tightrope repair of MF resulted in excellent clinical results with no complications.
Effects of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Healing of Open Wounds in Dogs
Authors: Demaria Marco , Stanley Bryden J. , Hauptman Joe G. , Steficek Barbara A. , Fritz Michele C. , Ryan John M. , Lam Nathaniel A. , Moore Trevor W. , Hadley Heather S. 
Published: July 2011

Objective: To compare the effect of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with standard‐of‐care management on healing of acute open wounds in dogs.Study Design: Prospective, controlled, experimental study.Animals: Adult dogs (n=10).Methods: Full‐thickness 4 cm × 2 cm wounds were surgically created on each antebrachium and in each dog were randomized to receive either NPWT or standard wound dressings (CON) for 21 days. Dressing changes and wound evaluations were made at 8 time points. First appearance of granulation tissue, smoothness of granulation tissue, exuberance, percent epithelialization, and percent contraction were compared. Biopsies for histopathology were taken, and histologic scores determined, at 5 time points, and aerobic bacterial wound cultures performed at 2 time points.Results: Granulation tissue appeared significantly earlier, and was smoother and less exuberant in NPWT wounds compared with CON wounds. Percent contraction in NPWT wounds was less than CON wounds after Day 7. Percent epithelialization in NPWT wounds was less than CON wounds on Days 11, 16, 18, and 21. Histologic scores for acute inflammation were higher in NPWT on Day 3, and lower on Day 7, than CON wounds. Bacterial load was higher in NPWT on Day 7.Conclusion: NPWT accelerated appearance of smooth, nonexuberant granulation tissue; however, prolonged use of NPWT impaired wound contraction and epithelialization.
Distraction–Fusion for Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy Using an Intervertebral Cage and Locking Plates in 14 Dogs
Authors: Steffen Frank , Voss Katja , Morgan Joe P. 
Published: July 2011

Objective: To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcome in dogs with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (CCSM) treated with an intervertebral fusion cage and locking plates.Study Design: Prospective clinical study.Animals: Large breed dogs (n=14) with CCSM.Methods: Dogs had single level cervical spine distraction/fusion performed using an intervertebral cage with a hollow center filled with cancellous autograft and 2 ventrally applied locking plates. Outcome was measured using neurologic scores and radiographic interpretation 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively.Results: The surgical procedure was well tolerated in all dogs. Final outcome at 12 months was available in 9 dogs. Five dogs were judged excellent, 1 dog was good, 2 dogs were satisfactory, and 2 dogs were poor because of adjacent segment disease. Four dogs died for reasons unrelated to the procedure. Radiographically, implants remained stable over the entire follow‐up period. The disc space continued to fill with an immature pattern of new bone, which showed progressive increase in opacity and quantity. Subsidence of the cage (median 2 mm) was detected in 9 dogs at 6 weeks and remained unchanged in those that could be followed further.Conclusion: Distraction–fusion of single level CCSM in dogs with a combination of intervertebral cage and ventral locking plates is clinically effective and results in successful bony fusion.
Kinematic Motion Patterns of the Cranial and Caudal Canine Cervical Spine
Authors: Johnson Jacqueline A. , da Costa Ronaldo C. , Bhattacharya Sanghita , Goel Vijay , Allen Matthew J. 
Published: July 2011

Objective: To define the kinematic motion patterns of the canine cervical spine, with a particular emphasis on identifying differences between the cranial (C2–C4) and caudal (C5–C7) segments, and to determine the significance of coupled motions (CM) in the canine cervical spine.Study Design: Cadaveric biomechanical study.Sample Population: Cervical spines of 8 Foxhounds.Methods: Spinal specimens were considered free of pathology based on radiographic, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. All musculature was removed without damaging ligaments or joint capsules. Spines were mounted in a customized pure‐moment spine testing jig, and data were collected using an optoelectronic motion capture system. Range of motion, neutral zone and CM in flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending and left/right axial rotation were established. Data were analyzed using mixed‐effects maximum likelihood regression models.Results: Total flexion/extension did not change across the 4 levels. There was no difference between flexion and extension, and no CM was identified. Lateral bending was not different across levels, but tended to be greater in the cranial spine. Axial rotation was ∼2.6 times greater in the caudal segments. Lateral bending and axial rotation were coupled.Conclusions: Kinematics of the cranial and caudal cervical spine differed markedly with greater mobility in the caudal cervical spine.
In Vitro Performance Testing of Two Arcuate Oscillating Saw Blades Designed for Use During Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy
Authors: Farrell Michael , Mathieson Andrew , Chung Peter , Heller Jane , Clarke Stephen P. , McDonald Mary Kate , Cardoni Andrea 
Published: July 2011

Objective: To test the cutting performance of 2 commercially available oscillating saws designed for use during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and to evaluate the influence of saline irrigation on cutting performance.Study Design: In vitro experimental study.Sample Population: Composite polyurethane test blocks (n=40); 24 mm TPLO saw blades.Methods: Controlled force cutting tests were performed using custom‐made laminated bone substitute blocks to model the canine proximal tibia. Half of the trials were irrigated with 0.9% saline solution. Outcome measures were test block temperature (measured 1.5 mm from the cutting zone), cutting rate, and cutting surface wear. Durability was measured by recording change in performance over multiple consecutive trials.Results: The Synthes blade cut the test blocks with ∼64% less heat generation and at a 63% faster cutting rate compared with the Slocum blade. Although wear of the Synthes blade was ∼50% greater after 19 uses, this did not negatively impact cutting performance. Saline irrigation produced no significant effect on peak cutting temperature but significantly reduced cutting rate for both saws.Conclusions: Our results favor the Synthes blade in terms of cutting performance and the Slocum blade in terms of wear resistance.
An Ex Vivo Biomechanical Study Comparing Strength Characteristics of a New Technique with the Three‐Loop Pulley for Equine Tenorrhaphy
Authors: Smith Rachael L. , Murphy David J. , Day Robert E. , Lester Guy D. 
Published: July 2011

Objective: To test single cycle to failure tensile strength characteristics of 6 suture material–pattern combinations in equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tenorrhaphy, specifically to compare a 10‐strand modification of the Savage core suture technique with the 3‐loop pulley technique.Study Design: Ex vivo mechanical experiment comparing 3 different suture patterns with 2 different materials.Sample Population: Forelimb and hindlimb SDF tendons (n=48) harvested from adult Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses of mixed age and gender.Methods: Six suture material–pattern combinations were evaluated: (1) 10‐strand Savage, size 2 polydioxanone (PDS); (2) 10‐strand Savage, size 2 polyglactin 910 (PG910); (3) 10‐strand Savage, size 2 PDS with Lin‐locking epitenon suture, size 2–0 PDS; (4) 10‐strand Savage size 2 PG910 with Lin‐locking epitenon suture, size 2–0 PDS; (5) 3‐loop pulley, size 2 PDS; and (6) 3‐loop pulley, size 2 PG910. Maximum load at failure (N), gap at failure (mm), and mode of failure (suture breakage or pull through) were evaluated for each of the 6 suture material–pattern combinations and underwent statistical analysis to determine significance of differences and interactions of the measured data.Results: The 10‐strand Savage technique failed at a mean load of 872 N (804–939, 95% CI). The 10‐strand Savage with Lin‐locking failed at a significantly greater mean load of 998 N (930–1065, 95% CI). The 3‐loop pulley pattern failed with a mean load of 337 N (270–405, 95% CI). There were significant interactions between the technique and suture material used.Conclusion: The 10‐strand Savage technique for repair of transected cadaver SDF tendons has superior strength characteristics with or without the epitenon suture when compared to the 3‐loop pulley. Suture material and pattern interactions were observed with PG 910 conferring higher strength for the 10‐strand Savage whereas PDS did so for the 3‐loop pulley.
Resistance to Subsidence of an Uncemented Femoral Stem After Cerclage Wiring of a Fissure
Authors: McCulloch Ryan S. , Roe Simon C. , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , Mente Peter L. 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveTo compare: (1) the force required to initiate subsidence, and (2) the relative subsidence, of femoral stems implanted into intact femora, and then into the same femora in which an induced fissure had been stabilized by cerclage.Study DesignIn vitro, mechanical study.Sample PopulationFemora (n=9) from 9 dogs.MethodsFemora were prepared for implantation of an uncemented stem. Stems were implanted with continuous and impact loading. After axial loading until a fissure occurred, the stems were extracted, and the fissure stabilized with double‐loop cerclage. Stems were reimplanted, and reloaded to failure.ResultsMean±SD load to initiate subsidence in intact femora was 1706±584 N compared with 2379±657 N for cerclaged bones (P=.002). Mean relative subsidence of intact femora was 3.99±2.09 mm compared with 1.79±2.99 mm for cerclaged bones (P=.091).ConclusionsThe load to initiate subsidence is increased in femora that have fissured, then have been stabilized with double‐loop cerclage, when compared with intact femora. The relative subsidence is not different between intact and stabilized specimens.
Comparison of Computed Tomographic and Radiographic Popliteal Lymphangiography in Normal Dogs
Authors: Singh Ameet , Brisson Brigitte A. , Nykamp Stephanie , O'Sullivan M. Lynne 
Published: July 2011

Objective:To (1) describe computed tomographic (CT) popliteal lymphangiography; (2) compare the number of thoracic duct (TD) branches detected by CT and by radiography after popliteal lymphangiography; and (3) to compare the number of branches detected after left and right popliteal lymphangiography.Study Design:Experimental study.Animals:Adult dogs (n=6).Methods:A randomly selected popliteal lymph node was percutaneously injected with 12 mL iodinated contrast medium through a 25‐g butterfly catheter over 4–5 minutes. Lateral and ventrodorsal (VD) thoracic radiograph projections and thoracic CT were performed. The procedure was repeated using the contralateral lymph node after a 48–72 hours washout period.Results:One dog had TD branches visible on CT but not on radiographs. A significantly greater number of TD branches were observed with CT popliteal lymphangiography compared with lateral and VD radiographic popliteal lymphangiography (P=.003 andP<.001, respectively). The number of visible TD branches observed between the 6th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae were not significantly different in these dogs (P=.146). A significant difference in number of TD branches observed was not found after left or right popliteal lymph node injection (P=.097).Conclusions:CT popliteal lymphangiography consistently identified a greater number of TD branches when compared with radiographic popliteal lymphangiography. Injection of either popliteal lymph node resulted in the same number of TD branches being observed.
Endoscope‐Assisted Thoracolumbar Lateral Corpectomy
Authors: Carozzo Claude , Maitre Pierre , Genevois Jean‐Pierre , Gabanou Pierre‐Alexandre , Fau Didier , Viguier Eric 
Published: July 2011

Objective: To report an endoscope‐assisted lateral approach to expose the intervertebral foramen and disk and perform lateral corpectomy of thoracolumbar disks in dogs.Study Design: Cadaver study.Animals: Fresh canine cadavers (n=6).Methods: A thoracic (T10–T11) and a lumbar (L3–L4) lateral approach were made on 6 fresh canine mixed breed cadavers. Through a limited skin incision, musculature was dissected and retracted using a neurosurgical self‐retaining retractor and lateral corpectomy performed. The approach and bone removal, both performed under endoscopic control, were assessed.Results: The foramen and intervertebral disk were clearly observed in all specimens without any iatrogenic injury of the ventral and dorsal nerve branches. Access to the foramen was possible in all specimens; in the thoracic area the head of the rib was always partially excised to observe the intervertebral disk medially. Lateral corpectomy was easily performed in all cadavers and spinal cord observation was good. Extension to foraminotomy or mini hemilaminectomy could easily be performed through the same limited approach.Conclusion: Endoscopic exploration provided a good viewing of the intervertebral disk and/or foramen. An endoscope‐assisted thoracolumbar lateral corpectomy could effectively be performed through a limited approach to the thoracolumbar disks and allowed good ventral spinal cord assessment.
Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Assisted Partial Hoof Wall Resection for Keratoma Removal
Authors: Getman Liberty M. , Davidson Elizabeth J. , Ross Michael W. , Leitch Midge , Richardson Dean W. 
Published: July 2011

Objectives: To (1) describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of keratomas; (2) describe a CT‐ or MRI‐assisted partial hoof wall resection technique for removal of keratomas; and (3) evaluate the morbidity and postoperative outcome of these horses.Study Design: Case series.Animals: Horses (n=10) with keratoma.Methods: Data retrieved from medical records included signalment, lameness duration and grade, physical and diagnostic evaluation findings, CT and MRI technique and findings, surgical details, histopathologic diagnosis, postoperative treatment, and complications experienced. Long‐term outcome was obtained by telephone interviews of owners.Results: Complications including excessive granulation tissue formation and infection were seen in 2 horses (20%). No keratoma recurrence occurred. Follow‐up information was available for 8 horses; 7 were sound and had resumed work. Mean time until they became sound was 2.7 months, and mean time until work resumed was 3.6 months.Conclusions: CT and MRI can be used to accurately identify the location of keratomas. Postoperative complications may be decreased by creating smaller hoof wall defects, filling the defects with antimicrobial‐impregnated polymethylmethacrylate, and placing a shoe early in the postoperative period.
Who Drove and Burst the Tech Bubble?
Authors: GRIFFIN JOHN M. , HARRIS JEFFREY H. , SHU TAO , TOPALOGLU SELIM 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTFrom 1997 to March 2000, as technology stocks rose more than five‐fold, institutions bought more new technology supply than individuals. Among institutions, hedge funds were the most aggressive investors, but independent investment advisors and mutual funds (net of flows) actively invested the most capital in the technology sector. The technology stock reversal in March 2000 was accompanied by a broad sell‐off from institutional investors but accelerated buying by individuals, particularly discount brokerage clients. Overall, our evidence supports the bubble model of Abreu and Brunnermeier (2003), in which rational arbitrageurs fail to trade against bubbles until a coordinated selling effort occurs.
Individual Investors and Volatility
Authors: FOUCAULT THIERRY , SRAER DAVID , THESMAR DAVID J. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe show that retail trading activity has a positive effect on the volatility of stock returns, which suggests that retail investors behave as noise traders. To identify this effect, we use a reform of the French stock market that raises the relative cost of speculative trading for retail investors. The daily return volatility of the stocks affected by the reform falls by 20 basis points (a quarter of the sample standard deviation of the return volatility) relative to other stocks. For affected stocks, we also find a significant decrease in the magnitude of return reversals and the price impact of trades.
Stressed, Not Frozen: The Federal Funds Market in the Financial Crisis
Authors: AFONSO GARA , KOVNER ANNA , SCHOAR ANTOINETTE 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe examine the importance of liquidity hoarding and counterparty risk in the U.S. overnight interbank market during the financial crisis of 2008. Our findings suggest that counterparty risk plays a larger role than does liquidity hoarding: the day after Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy, loan terms become more sensitive to borrower characteristics. In particular, poorly performing large banks see an increase in spreads of 25 basis points, but are borrowing 1% less, on average. Worse performing banks do not hoard liquidity. While the interbank market does not freeze entirely, it does not seem to expand to meet latent demand.