bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of steady-state occupancy of the serotonin transporter based on single-dose occupancy: A [11C]DASB pet study
Authors: Höflich A.S. , Philippe C. , Savli M. , Baldinger P. , Kranz G.S. , Müller S. , Häusler D. , Zgud S. , Kraus C. , Wadsak W. , Mitterhauser M. , Lanzenberger R. , Kasper S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionClinical studies point toward a potential role of the serotonin transporter (SERT) binding as a predictor of clinical outcome in the treatment of depression. After long-term treatment with clinical doses of SSRIs the expected SERT occupancy is about 80%. Here, we were interested to investigate the relationship of SERT occupancy values between short- and longterm treatment.ObjectivesTo test if the SERT occupancy at steady-state can be predicted based on the single dose occupancy by escitalopram (S-citalopram) or citalopram (racemate of S-citalopram and R-citalopram).Methods18 patients with major depressive disorder received either escitalpram (10 mg/d) or citalopram (20 mg/d) in a double-blind, randomized, longitudinal study. They underwent three PET scans using the radioligand [11C]DASB: PET1 baseline, PET2 6 hours after first drug intake and PET3 after three weeks of daily oral treatment. Occupancy of SERT was quantified in six subcortical regions: thalamus, N. caudatus, putamen, mibrain, dorsal raphe and median raphe nuclei. Data was analyzed by means of multiple linear regression models corrected for baseline SERT availability values using SPSS 15.0.ResultsSingle dose occupancy of the SERT significantly predicted steady-state occupancy after three weeks in three regions: thalamus (r2 = 0.45, p = 0.009), N. caudatus (r2 = 0.4, p = 0.006) and putamen (r2 = 0.43, p = 0.005). Other regions did not show significant relationships.ConclusionsIn this study we demonstrated that single-dose occupancy in SERT rich regions such as thalamus, N. caudatus and the putamen could serve as reliable predictors for steady-state occupancy. However, a linear model failed to explain the relationship in regions known for serotonergic cell origin.
Increased coupling of resting state activity between amygdala and cortical emotion processing regions in remitted major depressive disorder
Authors: Kalcher K. , Pail G. , Huf W. , Scharinger C. , Boubela R. , Hartinger B. , Windischberger C. , Filzmoser P. , Moser E. , Kasper S. , Pezawas L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionWhile most neuroimaging studies have investigated acutely depressed patients, neural mechanisms underlying stable remission are rarely examined. Furthermore, the majority of previous functional MRI (fMRI) studies have focused on task-induced neural activity, while resting-state activity may be more reproducible across study centers.ObjectivesTo clarify patterns of functional coupling between subcortical structures and cortical resting state activity.AimsTo determine whether alterations of functional coupling between the amygdala and cortical emotion processing regions characterize patients in the remitted phase of Major Depressive Disorder (rMDD).MethodsForty-three remitted depressed patients and thirty-five healthy controls were recruited at Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and performed a six minute resting-state fMRI scan. The scans were corrected for slice timing and motion, as well as for mean white matter, mean CSF, and median gray matter signals. Seed time series were extracted using individual amygdala masks and correlated with all nodes in a surface based analysis using FreeSurfer, AFNI and SUMA. The resulting correlation coefficients were then Fisher-transformed, group results were determined by comparing group mean smoothed (to 8 mm FWHM) z-scores with a two-sample t-test.ResultsIncreased resting-state functional connectivity was revealed between amygdala (seed region) and posterior cingulate cortex as well as orbitofrontal cortex in the rMDD group compared to healthy controls.ConclusionsOur preliminary results suggest altered functional coupling between amygdala and cortical emotion processing areas during resting state conditions, possibly representing a neural mechanism contributing to the maintenance of stable remission of MDD.
P02-336 Longitudinal voxel - based morphometry to evaluate progressive gray mater changes in first - episode schizophrenia
Authors: Kawasaki Y. , Suzuki M. , Takahashi T. , Nakamura K. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundAlthough longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that various brain regions undergo progressive tissue loss during the early phases of schizophrenia, regional pattern of these changes remain unclear.MethodsLongitudinal MRI data were obtained from 18 (12 males and 6 females) patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 20 (11 males and 9 females) healthy controls and at baseline and follow-up with mean scan interval of 2.7 years. To compare gray matter changes over time between patients and controls were evaluated with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using SPM8 following the longitudinal DARTEL protocol.ResultsIn both groups of patient and control longitudinal gray mater reduction was observed in various brain regions including lateral and medial frontal regions and superior temporal region. Excessive decrease in gray matter was found in patients as compared to healthy controls in the left superior temporal region and right inferior frontal region.DiscussionOur findings suggest that there are differing longitudinal gray matter changes in patients with schizophrenia during the early phases of the illness as compared to healthy individuals.
Cortisol plasma levels are associated with serotonin - 1A receptor binding in postmenopausal women
Authors: Kranz G. , Hahn A. , Ungersböck J. , Kaufmann U. , Stein P. , Baldinger P. , Höflich A. , Zgud S. , Mitterhauser M. , Wadsak W. , Kasper S. , Lanzenberger R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAlterations of the serotonin-1A receptor (5-HT1A) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been reported in depression and anxiety disorders. We previously showed a strong negative correlation between cortisol plasma levels and 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BP) in patients with social anxiety disorder but not in healthy controls using PET [1].ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship of cortisol and the 5-HT1A BP in postmenopausal women, a population that is at increased risk of suffering from depressive symptoms.MethodsSubjects: 19 postmenopausal women, aged 55.26 ± 4.98, medication free, no current substance abuse or hormone replacement therapy.PETDynamic measurements (50 frames, 90 min) were performed using the radioligand [carbonyl-11C]WAY100635 and a GE-Advance scanner. PET data were normalized to a ligand-specific template [2]. Regions-of-interest (ROI) were defined as given in [3]. TACs within ROIs were averaged and the 5-HT1A receptor BP was quantified using Logan-plot and PMOD 3.1. Measurement of total cortisol plasma levels was done using electrochemoluminescence.ResultsWe found negative correlations between cortisol and 5-HT1A BP in the midbrain (Spearman's rs = −0.54, p = 0.02), the median raphe nucleus (rs = −0.47, p = 0.04) and the nucleus accumbens (rs = −0.505, p = 0.03).ConclusionsIn line with our previous findings [1], the observed negative association between cortisol plasma levels and 5-HT1A BP might reflect an increased vulnerability for mood disorders in postmenopausal women.
Serotonin - 1A binding in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex is associated with regional grey matter volume in striatum and temporal areas
Authors: Kraus C. , Savli M. , Hahn A. , Baldinger P. , Höflich A. , Mitterhauser M. , Wadsak W. , Windischberger C. , Kasper S. , Lanzenberger R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe subgenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) has been frequently reported to be structurally and cytoarchitectually changed in major depressive disorder (MDD) and is also a promising target in deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant MDD. Furthermore, substantial evidence demonstrates a high density of serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptors in the sgACC, a key area involved in emotional processing.ObjectivesHere, we investigated the relationship between the 5-HT1A receptor in the sgACC and changes in regional grey matter volume with voxel-based morphometry.MethodsPET ([carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635) was used to quantify 5-HT1A receptor binding (BPND) together with structural magnetic resonance images from 32 healthy subjects (mean 26.68 ± 5.1 years; 17 women). Regression analysis was performed in SPM8 (p < .001 uncorr.) using sgACC 5-HT1A BPND as regressor, controlling for sex, age and total grey matter volume (GMV).Results5-HT1A BPND in the sgACC was positively associated with regional GMV in the medial temporal gyri (T=4.37) and nucleus accumbens bilaterally (T = 4.19). Furthermore, sgACC 5-HT1A binding was negatively correlated with GMV within the inferior temporal gyri (T = 5.22) and putamen bilaterally (T = 5.12).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate structural relationships between sgACC 5-HT1A receptor binding and grey matter volume in the ventral striatum as well as in temporal regions, which both exhibit close neuronal connections with the sgACC. Moreover, the GMV of the ventral striatum has been reported to be decreased in patients with MDD. Conclusively, our results underpin the role of serotonergic neuronal transmission in cytoarchitectural processes within regions involved in the modulation of mood.
Spect imaging of the serotonin transporter using a novel ligand - 123-I mZIENT - in human subjects - a dosimetry and biodisortribution study
Authors: Krishnadas R. , Nicol A. , Champion S. , Pimlott S. , Stehouwer J. , Tamagnan G. , Goodman M. , Hadley D. 
Published: May 2011

Levels of serotonin in the body are regulated by the serotonin transporters (SERT), which are predominantly located on the presynaptic terminals of serotonin-containing neurons. Alterations in the density of SERT have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders.AimTo evaluate 123-I mZIENT (2(S)-[(S)-2b-carbomethoxy-3b-[3′-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl]nortropane), a novel radiopharmaceutical for imaging SERT. The bio-distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in humans was investigated and dosimetry performed.MethodsThe study includes three healthy volunteers and three patients receiving SSRIs. Whole body images obtained on a gamma camera at 10 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post administration. Dosimetry was performed. ROIs were drawn over the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, salivary glands, spleen, thyroid and intestines. Blood was sampled at 5, 15, & 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post administration. Urine was collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours. Brain SPECT images were obtained using a neuroSPECT scanner at 4 hours, evaluated visually and analysed using ROI analysis.ResultsHigh quality SPECT images can be obtained after 100–150 MBq 123-ImZEINT. Regional brain uptake was observed in midbrain and basal ganglia in healthy volunteers, consistent with the known distribution of SERT. Biodistribution images demonstrated highest uptake in the lungs, brain, liver and intestines. The effective dose was within range of other commonly used ligands and is acceptable for clinical imaging.Conclusion123-ImZIENT is a promising agent for imaging SERT in humans with acceptable dosimetry.
Subcortical structural abnormalities of first onset drug naïve major depressive disorder with panic disorder patients
Authors: Lai C.-H. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThis study was designed to apply subcortical analysis of first episode drug naïve major depressive disorder with panic disorder patients.MethodAll the participating subjects received scales rating for depression and panic disorder. 15 patients and 15 healthy controls were compared to explore the differences of subcortical structures, such as hippocampus, putamen and thalamus. A new semi-automatic toolbox for computing subcortical areas by a shape and surface model was utilized for the comparison. The volumes of subcortical structures were also compared by using nonparametric t test of SPSS software to support the findings from the FSL FIRST toolbox (FMRIB Software Library, FMRIB's Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool).ResultsThe patient group had significantly lower volumes in the left hippocampus, thalamus and putamen. The volumetric differences were also significant in these areas (2 tailed p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test). The volumes of thalamus and putamen were also well correlated with clinical rating scales. The relationship between left hippocampal volumes and clinical rating scales was modest. The volumes of right hippocampus were not correlated with clinical rating scales.ConclusionsThe structural abnormalities of putamen and thalamus might represent a specific pathology for major depressive disorder co-morbid with panic disorder. The limited deficits of hippocampal volumes should represent an intermediate type between major depressive disorder and panic disorder. The co-morbidity might have a different subcortical pathology.
Functional MRI in twins discordant for schizophrenia during a working memory task: Preliminary results from the eutwinss study
Authors: Langbein K. , Dietzek M. , Mingoia G. , Maitra R. , Weisbrod M. , Smesny S. , Reichenbach J.R. , Cichon S. , Nöthen M. , Schlösser R.G.M. , Sauer H. , Nenadic I. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionWorking memory deficits are considered a core feature of disturbed cognition in schizophrenia. Recent neuropsychological studies in twins suggest that there are shared genetic factors between schizophrenia and executive processes.AimWe used a co-twin control design to test the hypothesis that prefrontal activation during a working memory task is seen both in affected as well as unaffected twins discordant for schizophrenia, thus reflecting genetic load on this putative endophenotype.MethodsAs part of EUTwinsS, a multi-centre collaborative study on twins with schizophrenia, we obtained functional MRI scans during a Sternberg working memory task (with one maintenance and one manipulation variations) of twins discordant for schizophrenia (5 monozygotic pairs, 7 dizygotic pairs) and compared them to 10/4 healthy MZ/DZ twins, matched for age and gender.ResultsComparing the overall task-related effects (p < 0.001, uncorrected), we found stronger activation in control twins compared to either Sz-affected or unaffected twins in the right middle frontal gyrus and medial fronto-orbital cortex, and compared to Sz-affected twins also in the left cerebellum and right inferior occipital cortex. Comparing the manipulation vs. maintenance trials, healthy controls showed stronger activation than Sz-affected twins in the left hippocampus, but smaller in right caudate and anterior cingulate, while unaffected co-twins showed diminished right middle and left superior and middle frontal gyri compared to either group.ConclusionsWhile diminished prefrontal activation in unaffected co-twins might indicate compensatory processes during executive control, the overall activation deficits are consistent with a genetic effect on prefrontal cortical efficiency.
31P-MR spectroscopy in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia / schizoaffective disorders
Authors: Langbein K. , Nenadic I. , Weisbrod M. , Gussew A. , Rzanny R. , Reichenbach J.R. , Sauer H. , Smesny S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) using 2D-chemical shift imaging (CSI) allows the quantification of brain metabolites in vivo across several brain regions. Previous studies using 31Phosphorus MRS have shown alterations of phospholipid compounds and high-energy phosphates like ATP in prefrontal and temporal regions in schizophrenia.AimWe used a monozygotic (MZ) co-twin study design to examine whether metabolic alterations are due to genetic effects or the expression of disease phenotype.Methods31P-MRS with 2D-CSI was applied at 1.5 T in 8 MZ twin pairs (3 male, 5 female; mean age 33.8, SD 13.1) discordant for a DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnosis of either schizophrenia (4 pairs), acute schizophreniform psychosis (1 pair), or schizoaffective disorder (3 pairs)) and 8 age- and gender-matched healthy control MZ twins (mean age: 32.9, SD 14.3). Metabolic profiles were compared using oneway ANOVAs.ResultsVoxel-wise comparisons between affected twins and healthy control twins revealed increased PDE concentrations in right cerebellum and increased ATP concentrations in right frontal cortex, insular cortex and bilateral cerebellum. Alterations in energy metabolism were shown in healthy co-twins compared to healthy control twins with an increase in PDE concentrations in right posterior lateral cerebellum, an increase in ATP concentration in left lateral prefrontal cortex as well as left anterior/ lateral temporal cortex and an increase in PCr in left lateral prefrontal cortex.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that metabolic alterations in schizophrenia result from a combination of both genetic effects and disease manifestation, which can be further explored in larger twin samples.
Assessment of white matter abnormalities in paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar mania patients from Chengdu, China
Authors: Cui L. , Chen Z. , Deng W. , Huang X. , Li M. , Ma X. , Huang C. , Jiang L. , Collier D.A. , Gong Q. , Li T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionWhite matter abnormalities have been repeatedly reported in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) diseases from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies respectively, while the empirical evidences about the diagnostic specificity of white matter abnormalities in these disorders are still limited.Objectives25 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 18 patients with bipolar mania were recruited from the in-patient unit of the Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, China.Patients were diagnosed according to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Version IV (DSM- IV). 30 healthy controls were recruited from the community by means of leaflets distributed throughout Chengdu city.AimsThis study sought to investigate the alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter throughout the entire brain of patients from Chengdu, China with paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar mania.MethodsDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to assess white matter integrity in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar mania, as well as in normal controls. The differences in FA were measured by use of voxel-based analysis.ResultsReduced FA was found in the left posterior corona radiate (PCR) in patients with bipolar mania and paranoid schizophrenia compared to the controls. Patients with bipolar mania also showed a significant reduction in FA in right posterior corona radiate and in right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR).ConclusionsCommon abnormalities in the left PCR might imply an overlap in white matter pathology of both diseases and might be related to the shared risk factors for both disorders.
CT features of atrophy of the brain temporal lobes characteristic for Alzheimer’s disease with different stages of dementia
Authors: Maksimovich I.V. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundWhile diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease, there appear certain difficulties in the correlation of cerebral atrophy and the patient's clinical status.Methods93 patients were examined.Study group - 42 patients aged 34-79 with preclinical and clinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease:(1)- patients with high risk of acquiring the disease (those suffering from impaired memory, without any manifestations of dementia, whose 2 or more immediate relatives suffered from Alzheimer’s disease) 6 patients(2)- patients with mild dementia 14(3)- patients with moderate dementia 15(4)- patients with severe dementia 7Control group - 51 patients aged 28–78 with various kinds of brain lesions accompanied by dementia but not suffering from Alzheimer’s disease:-chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency 21 patients-severe vascular dementia 6-atherosclerotic parkinsonism 14-Binswanger’s disease 6-Parkinson’s disease 4ResultsIn Study group 1, 4 (66.6%) patients showed decrease of 4–8% in the size of the brain temporal lobes.In Study group 2, 14 (100%) patients showed decrease of 9–18%.In Study group 3, 15 (100%) patients showed decrease of 19–32%.In Study group 4, 7 (100%) patients showed decrease of 33–62%.Control group patients had no similar changes in the temporal lobes.ConclusionsStructural and morphological changes of the brain characteristic for Alzheimer’s disease are atrophy of the temporal lobes and hippocampus which makes 4–8% in pre-clinical stages of the disease, 9–18% in mild, 19–32% in moderate and 33–62% in severe dementia.
Findings of Spectrum Funcional MRI (SF-MRI) in Schizophrenia
Authors: Martínez de Velasco Soriano R. , Pando Velasco F. , Serrano Díaz de Otálora M. , Gómez-Arnau Ramírez J. , Riaza Bermudo-Soriano C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionN-acetil-aspartate (NAA) is located inside the soma and dendrites. Its believed to be an indirect indicator of the metabolic activity of these cells. Phosphomonoesters (PME) are involved in synthesis of neuronal membranes and phosphodiesters (PDE) in its degradation. Glutamine, an aminoacid produced by glial cells, is transported into the neurone for its transformation into glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid.MethodsReview clinical trials performed on schizophrenic patients with SF-MRI, with 31P y 1H, to measure concentration of NAA, PME, PDE and glutamine.ObjectivesDetecting chemichal alterations that could be used as indicators in schizophrenia.ResultsNAA concentration in temporal and frontal cortex of schizophrenic patients, are significantly lower than in healthy controls. In other trials, differences in NAA concentration (measured in prefrontal cortex) have not been found, comparing patients during their first psychotic episode and healthy controls. Lowered concentrations of PME and increased ones of PDE in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients have been found. Glutamine levels are increased in schizophrenic patients, being directely correlated with the duration of the process. These levels are reduced when antipsychotic drugs are used.ConclusionsThe decrease on NAA levels at schizophrenia onset and on healthy relatives remark its value as an endophenotypical indicator, but not as an illness indicator. Changes on PME and PDE concentrations cannot be used as illness indicators. The increase on glutamine synthesis could be due to glutamatergic hypofunction in schizophrenic patients, but there are other factors that may cause it, so it cannot be used as an indicator.
Common EEG spectral power characteristics during meditation in five meditation traditions
Authors: Milz P. , Theodoropoulou A. , Tei S. , Faber P.L. , Kochi K. , Lehmann D. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDifferent meditation practices reportedly affect brain electric activity.ObjectivesTo assess common characteristics in brain electric activity during the state of meditation across different meditation traditions.AimsDo meditation traditions share commonalities in EEG spectral power changes from task-free resting to meditation?MethodsData from 71 experienced meditators of five meditation traditions were analyzed (13 Tibetan Buddhists, 15 Qigong, 14 Shaja Yoga, 14 Ananda Marga Yoga, and 15 Zen). Power spectral results of multichannel EEG recordings (average reference) during meditation were compared with those during pre- and post-meditation task-free resting. Spectra were averaged across channels (19–58), and subject-wise normalized. Integrated power was computed for the eight independent frequency bands (delta through gamma).ResultsDuring meditation compared to the average of pre- and post-meditation resting, across the five traditions, there was a significant decrease of power in the alpha-2 band (10.5–12 Hz), and significant increases of power in the beta-3 (21.5–30 Hz) and gamma (35–44 Hz) bands; theta (6.5–8 Hz) band power showed an increase at p = 0.14.ConclusionsThe results indicate that EEG spectral power differences between task-free resting state EEG versus meditation state EEG show communalities that are shared by all five meditation traditions in spite of important differences in meditation techniques.