bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Bother Following Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Nelson Christian J. , Deveci Serkan , Stasi Jason , Scardino Peter T. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The literature on sexual bother in men with prostate cancer is conflicting. While some data indicate high bother from erectile dysfunction (ED) following prostate cancer treatments, other results suggest the life-saving nature of the treatment may mitigate ED concern.

Aim
(i) To determine if sexual bother increases post radical prostatectomy (RP); (ii) To determine if men psychologically adjust to diminished erections; (iii) To identify baseline predictors of post-RP sexual bother.

Methods
We identified 183 men treated with RP who completed inventories including Erectile Function Domain (EFD) and Sexual Bother (SB) preoperatively and at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Statistical analyses included repeated-measures analysis of variance and linear multiple regression.

Main Outcome Measures
The EFD of the International Index of Erectile Function and the SB subscale from the Prostate-Health Related Quality-of-Life Questionnaire.

Results
The mean age of the sample was 58 ± 7 years. The mean EFD scores decreased from baseline to the 24-month time point (24.8 vs. 16.7, P &lt;0.01). The mean SB scores increased from baseline to the 12 month time point (4.3 vs. 6.7, P &lt;0.01), and remained stable from the 12 month to 24 month time points (6.7 vs. 6.3, P = not significant [ns]). This was true for men with ED (EFD&lt;24) and without ED. Only 7% of men with ED moved from being “bothered” at 12 months to “no bother” at 24 months. There were no significant baseline predictors of sexual bother; baseline variables tested were: age, race, marital status, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value, EFD, sexual desire, and intercourse satisfaction. The change in EFD scores was the only significant predictor of SB scores.

Conclusions
Sexual bother increases post-RP, even in men with “good” erections postoperatively, and includes shame, embarrassment, and a reduction in general life happiness. Because men do not seem to “adjust” to ED, referral or evaluation should occur early in this population.
Vardenafil Improves Erectile Function in Men with Erectile Dysfunction and Associated Underlying Conditions, Irrespective of the Use of Concomitant Medications
Authors: Eardley Ian , Lee Jay C. , Shabsigh Ridwan , Dean John , Maggi Mario , Neuser Dieter , Norenberg Christiane 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Men with erectile dysfunction (ED) are also likely to have associated underlying conditions.

Aim
This retrospective analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of vardenafil in men with ED and underlying conditions, including those taking concomitant medications.

Methods
A total of 13 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies were included. Vardenafil was administered at a starting dose of 10 mg, adjustable to 5 or 20 mg after 4 weeks. Efficacy analyses were performed on the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, using a last observation carried forward approach. Efficacy was assessed for subgroups of patients with diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or metabolic syndrome (as defined by International Diabetes Federation criteria). Incidence rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were analyzed overall and by subgroup for patients in the safety population.

Main Outcome Measures
Primary efficacy measures were the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF), and Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 and 3 (SEP2, SEP3).

Results
In total, 4,326 patients were randomized to treatment; the ITT population included 4,143 patients, with 4,266 patients valid for safety. At 12 weeks, vardenafil therapy was associated with statistically significant improvements from baseline in IIEF-EF scores, and SEP2 and SEP3 success rates, including patients with ED and diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or metabolic syndrome. These improvements were irrespective of level of glycemic control, or use of concomitant medications for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Across all subgroups, the number and type of treatment-emergent adverse events were consistent with results from previous studies of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in men with ED and underlying conditions.

Conclusions
Vardenafil demonstrated favorable efficacy and tolerability in this large pool of patients with ED and underlying conditions. Importantly, the use of concomitant medications was not associated with any noteworthy changes in the efficacy or safety profile of vardenafil.
What really determines policy? An evaluation of outcome measures for prioritising flood and coastal risk management investment in England
Authors: Johnson C. , Penning‐Rowsell E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn April 2008, outcome measures (OM) replaced the old priority scoring system for the prioritisation of flood and coastal erosion risk management (FCERM) capital expenditure in England. In the context of the governance arrangements for this investment, the purpose of this paper is to provide a critical evaluation of this change: (1) to assess the ‘fitness for purpose’ of OMs for achieving government policies and goals in the delivery of sustainable FCERM and (2) to examine the capacity of the Environment Agency's proposed methodology to deliver projects against the targets set. The analysis concludes that it is far from clear whether the new OM system will deliver all the targets; offers any greater transparency, clarity or accountability; offers ‘better’ value for money across the spectrum of projects; and matches the ambitious policy aims of the government or the appraisal system within which it is a part. More positively, OMs do offer important progress and are suggestive of the ‘right’ direction of travel.
THE TECTONICS OF THE SCHICHALLION COMPLEX
Authors: RAST NICHOLAS 
Published: October 2009

The results of the present investigation of the Schichallion complex can be summarized as follows :–
(i) The succession established by Bailey & McCallien (1937) is confirmed.

(ii) The imprints of four separate movements, F
1
to F
4
, have been found in the area.

(iii) F
1
and F
2
are somewhat closely connected and are responsible for the two major systems of folding, which have produced the “Schichallion swing”.

(iv) No indications of “twisting” or “torsion” have been found.
On the Occurrence of the Genus
Physeter
(or Sperm Whale) in the Red Crag of Felixstow
Authors: Charlesworth Edward 
Published: October 2009

Some years since, whilst looking over a collection of fossils in the possession of Mr. Brown of Stanway, I was struck by the appearance of a cylindrical nodule from the Red Crag of Felixstow, which seemed to me to exhibit indications of an organic structure unlike that of any fossil body which had previously come under my notice. With the permission of its owner I had a section made of this fossil; but the characters which it presented upon being cut did not enable me to arrive at any determination respecting its real nature. At a subsequent period, I learned from Mr. Brown that the nodule in question had been submitted by Professor Owen to microscopical examination, and identified as the tooth of a Cachalot.
In the reports of the British Association for 1842, this tooth is included in the list of British Fossil Mammalia; but Mr. Owen, through mistake, has there assigned it to the “Diluvium of Essex.” I am informed by Mr. Brown, that he procured the specimen from a man at Felixstow, who stated that he picked it up on the beach; and as several of the rarest known Crag fossils have been obtained at this spot under similar circumstances, there is no room to doubt its being a genuine fossil of the Crag formation.
Notes on Ancient Boulder-clay of Natal
Authors: Sutherland  
Published: October 2009

T
here
is largely developed in the Colony of Natal a formation which seems to be in all essential particulars identical with Mr. Bain’s claystone porphyry of the Cape of Good Hope. This formation flanks a long range of sandstone hills, which runs from the Tugela river frontier, at a distance of some six or eight miles from the sea, across the Umgeni river, and through the Berea hills to the mouth of the Umbilo. It also crops out extensively near Maritzburg, and stretches thence, in one direction, over the Umgeni and Umvoti to the Tugela valley between Greytown and the Biggersberg; and in the other direction over the Umlasi and Umkomasi towards the opposite frontier. In the latter course it goes onwards to the St. John’s river and to the further districts of the Cape.

The deposit itself consists of a greyish-blue argillaceous matrix, containing fragments of granite, gneiss, graphite, quartzite, greenstone, and clay-slate. These imbedded fragments are of various size, from the minute dimensions of sand-grains, up to vast blocks measuring 6 feet across, and weighing from 5 to 10 tons. They are smoothed, as if they had been subject to a certain amount of attrition in a muddy sediment; but they are not rounded like boulders that have been subjected to sea-breakers. The fracture of the rock is not conchoidal, and there is manifest in its substance a rude disposition towards wavy stratification.
The general appearance is that of a clay which has been deposited by aqueous action
Gravel at Moreton-in-the-Marsh (Gloucestershire)
Authors: Buckman S. S. 
Published: October 2009

T
he
Author describes certain gravels of Triassic debris and flints at Moreton-in-the-Marsh, with special reference to an upper bed wherein the fragments are mostly in a vertical position, some of them having their heavier ends uppermost. He theorizes that the vertical materials were the droppings from melting ice floating down a large river. This river, formed out of one or more of the original consequents of the Thames system, existed before the valley of the Warwickshire Avon had been excavated. By one branch, possibly the upper Trent, it drained the Pennine range; by another, possibly the upper Severn, the Welsh hills. Ice formed in the upper waters—in these highlands—enclosing debris, and when a thaw occurred, it floated down to the lower parts of the river.

The Author notices certain filets obtained from the gravels. Those from the upper bed are sharply angular, even most finely pointed, and are quite unabraded. They strengthen the theory of ice-transport, and it is evident that they have not been moved by stream-action since their deposition, otherwise they would show signs of wear. The flints from the lower bed do seem to point to some such condition of subsequent removal : they have their edges worn, and are in some cases battered, and peculiarly flaked as if artificially worked.
The Author surmises that the date of the gravel, if formed by a river-system as supposed, is Pliocene.
The Geology of Nyasaland
Authors: Andrew A. R. , Bailey T. E. G. 
Published: October 2009

I. I
ntroduction
.

I
n
the past several African travellers have explored parts of what is now known as Nyasaland, and have given a brief account of its geology, while in more recent years comparatively detailed geological work has been carried out in neighbouring countries. A short summary of these researches is given below:—

1865.—Livingstone (1) spent most of his time outside of the Protectorate, but he also travelled to the southern end of Lake Nyasa, and for a short distance on its west coast. He discovered the coal at Tete in Portuguese East Africa. He also reported coal from the neighbourhood of Port Herald. His description would lead one to think that coal occurred on the slopes of Malawe Hill, though really there is none nearer than 6 miles away.
1881.—Stewart (2) passed up the shores of Lake Nyasa, and discovered coal in the Zindira Stream (Chesindire), near the mouth of the Malawe or Southern Rukuru River.
1881.—Joseph Thomson (3) passed through what is now German territory to the north of Nyasaland, and found there a large development of volcanic rocks, near the northern end of the lake.
1882.—An expedition (4) was sent out to study the resources of Portuguese East Africa. Its members were chiefly occupied with the district near Tete, from the coal-seams of which Prof. Zeiller identified eleven species of fossil ferns.
1888.—Drummond (5) discovered the sedimentary beds with Karroo fossils at Mpata, near Karonga.
1890.—Prof. T. Rupert Jones (6) described the fossils obtained by Drummond, and compared
The Metallogeny of the British Isles
Authors: Finlayson Alexander Moncrieff 
Published: October 2009

I. I
ntroduction
.

T
he
recent development of the geographical method of studying ore-deposits is due to Prof. L. de Launay, who first pointed out its application in 1897. His later works on this plan include examinations of the ore-deposits of Africa, Italy, and Siberia. His object is to delineate the various regional types of ores, and to show their intimate genetic relation with tectonics and with petrographic provinces, the regional types being termed ‘metallogenetic provinces’. The same method has been applied by Dr. J. Malcolm Maclaren in his ‘uriferous provinces’. We have thus, in the science of ore-deposits, the application of methods analogous to those exemplified in Suess's ‘Antlitz der Erde,’—methods which aim at correlating detached observations, and bringing our knowledge of the ore-deposits of an area into relation with our knowledge of its geological structure.

In the present paper an endeavour is made to work out the distribution of ore-deposits in the British Isles, and to determine the relationship of the ores to the tectonics of the country, and to the distribution of igneous rocks therein. Prof. de Launay's nomenclature has been followed, and I wish here to express my thanks to him for his kindness in corresponding with me on the subject.
The modern analytical classifications of ore-deposits, while nominally on a genetic basis, involve, as subdivisions, factors of varying importance—genesis, form, mineralogy, and structure. The essential and accidental features are liable to be confused, and the latter unduly emphasized. Further, there is a tendency to make the deposits,
The Volcano of Matavanu in Savaii
Authors: Anderson Tempest 
Published: October 2009

T
he
Samoa or Navigator Islands are a group in the Western Pacific, lying in 13½° to 14° S. lat. and 168° to 173° W. long. They are some 350 miles north of Tonga, and between 400 and 500 miles north-east of Fiji. From Auckland (New Zealand) the sailing distance is 1560 miles, and from San Francisco about 4400.

The group consists of nine islands, in addition to rocks and islets, but only four are of any notable size, namely: Upolu, Savaii, Tutuila, and Manua. The two first-named belong to Germany and the two last-named to the United States. They are mountainous, but at the same time well wooded, and are all, with the exception of Rose Island, volcanic, and for the most part surrounded with coral-reefs. They are disposed in a linear direction from north-west to south-east, and a line drawn from the volcanic region of New Zealand and thence through White Island, Pylstaart, the Kermadecs, and the Tonga Islands, all of which contain volcanoes active or extinct, would pass through the group. It is probable that each of these lines marks a fold-fissure or line of weakness of the earth's crust. It is noteworthy that a volcanic eruption took place in the Tonga Group at the same time as the great eruption of Tarawera in New Zealand, in June 1886.
Savaii is the westernmost and also the largest of the group. It is 48 miles long and at least 25 miles wide, but the interior has never been surveyed.
The Denudation of the Western End of the Weald
Authors: Bury Henry 
Published: October 2009

I. I
ntroduction
.

T
he
old ‘sea-cliff’ theory of Wealden denudation, which regarded the escarpments as the direct result of marine action, has long disappeared, and no one now doubts that the main physical features of this district have been produced by subaërial agencies. Beyond this, however, there is but little unanimity. Whether the subaërial process has been continuous since early Oligocene times; whether it can be divided into two cycles, with a peneplain between; or whether the removal of the top of the dome has been assisted by marine planation, are questions so undecided that, except on the one point already mentioned, geologists are perhaps in no closer agreement as to the physical history of the Wealden area than they were thirty years ago.

In the second section of this paper the older lines of evidence are reviewed, and in places supplemented by new arguments, tending to show that the theory of marine planation is the one which, on the whole best, embodies the observed facts. In the third section the history of the four western rivers (Wey, Mole, Arun, and Adur) is examined, and the same inference drawn. Whether this explanation holds good for other parts of the Wealden area must be left to future investigation.
The expression ‘plane of marine denudation’ is said by Foster & Topley (5, p. 473, footnote) to have been first used by Ramsay in 1847; but the words themselves are not to be found in the abstract of his paper to which they refer
On the Fossil Flora of the Kent Coalfield
Authors: Arber E. A. Newell 
Published: October 2009

I. Introductory.
In the present paper I give the results of an examination of the fossil floras of the cores of ten further borings in the Coal Measures of the central, northern, and eastern portions of the Kent coalfield, which have been completed during the last seven years. As a rule, plant-remains proved to be abundant in these cores, and they have furnished invaluable evidence as to the geological structure of the coalfield. The whole of these new borings penetrated much deeper into the Coal Measures than those initiated at an earlier period in Kent, and thus the evidence of the fossil floras has proved to be much more complete than in the case of the cores already recorded. In several instances the borings proved the entire thickness of the Coal Measures, as developed in those particular areas, and in one locality as much as 2705 feet of measures were proved.
One boring, Barfreston, where +2103 feet of Coal Measures were proved, lies in the central area, and so does the Tilmanstone sinking, from which a few plants were also obtained. Next, we have a group of six borings in the northern region, including Goodnestone (with +1718 feet of Coal Measures), Woodnesborough (1549 feet), Mattice Hill (1076 feet), Trapham (1651 feet), Walmestone (1201 feet), and Stodmarsh (1075 feet). Lastly, there are three borings in a more easterly direction, Maydensole (+2565 feet), Ripple (2287 feet), and Oxney (2705 feet). The fossil plants which I have collected, as the result of a
The Sequence of Lavas at the North Head, Otago Harbour, Dunedin (New Zealand)
Authors: Marshall Patrick 
Published: October 2009

I. General Geology.
The North Head of Otago Harbour is situated in lat. 45° 47′ 30″ S. and in 170° 45′ long. E. It is 13 miles distant from the city of Dunedin, in a north-easterly direction. The head is a precipitous cliff facing nearly due east in its southern portion; but, bending slightly westwards in its northern portion, it runs from south 15° east to north 15° west, and therefore in this portion faces 15° to the north of east.
The cliff has an altitude of 530 feet at its highest point almost in the middle of the section, and throughout its length it is more than 300 feet high, except at the southern end, where it slopes somewhat gradually to the sand-hills which skirt its base. The lower part of the southern end of the cliff is partly obscured by scree-slopes and blown sand, and for 200 yards from its northern extremity the lower part of the cliff is hidden beneath an immense slip. Elsewhere, for a length of a mile and a half, the cliff presents a surface that is almost perpendicular, and it thus affords a remarkably clear section nearly bare of vegetation and quite free from all those difficulties of interpretation that are always associated with folding and faulting. This cliff was briefly mentioned in a previous paper of mine, published in the Quarterly Journal of this Society in 1906 (vol. lxii, p. 417). In this description the general nature of the succession was indicated.
The Evolution of the Liparoceratidæ
Authors: Trueman Arthur Elijah 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction.

The ammonites dealt with in this paper are characteristic of the uppermost zones of the Lower Lias (Charmouthian), and they are of three general types, namely:—

(1)
A Capricorn form, evolute slender whorls (serpenticone) with stout simple ribs.

(2)

An involute form with swollen whorls (sphærocone), bituberoulate, generally known as
A. striatus
or
A. bechei
.

(3)

A form intermediate between these two, with Capricorn inner whorls, the outer whorl swollen, with more numerous slender ribs bearing two rows of tubercles (usually known as
A. heterogenes
).

In order to name some ammonites collected at Lincoln, apparently similar to those called
A. striatus
, the relationships of these types were studied; it presently became clear that the classification of these ammonites, and the correlation of the beds in which they occur, needed to be considerably revised, and that such a revision must be preceded by an investigation of all available ammonites composing the family Liparoceratidæ. With this in view, a large number of these fossils was collected from practically all the English exposures, their precise horizons were noted, and developmental and sutural evidence was examined. The present paper includes the main results of this work. Several new specific names are proposed, but only where this is necessary to define a series: future work may show that many of the intermediate forms mentioned must also receive separate names, but, as this paper is mainly concerned with establishing the lineages and their geological ranges,
A Report on some Karroo Reptiles from the Luangwa Valley, Northern Rhodesia
Authors: Boonstra Lieuwe D. 
Published: October 2009

Towards the end of 1935 Dr. F. Dixey was kind enough to send to me for identification 48 cases of fossils which he had collected in the Luangwa Valley, Northern Rhodesia.

As a whole, the collection is disappointing. This is partly due to the difficult conditions under which Dr. Dixey had to collect and to the nature of the fossilization. Dr. Dixey describes the former in his paper on the upper Luangwa Valley (
Q.J.G.S.
xciii, p. 66).

As to the nature of the fossilization, the specimens I have examined appear to indicate that most of the skeletons were disarticulated and scattered over small mudflats. Around the bones a fine mud collected, to form nodules of varying sizes. These nodules are composed of an extremely intractable, fine-grained, ferruginous mudstone, which is difficult to remove from the bone. Almost always, the surface of the bone also is removed when attempting to chip the matrix away. The result is that in most cases it has not been possible to trace the majority of the sutures of the skulls. Further work in this area may reveal localities where the fossils are contained, not in nodules, but in the softer country rock, from which better preserved and more easily preparable specimens can be obtained. Nevertheless, palaeontologists will be grateful to Dr. Dixey for his discovery of a new locality yielding Karroo reptiles.
Owing to the nature of the material, I am dealing with the specimens in numerical order, using Dr. Dixey's field numbers, but omitting