bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Resources and Population Health: Disadvantages in Health Care, Housing, and Food Among Adults Over 50 Years of Age
Authors: Alley Dawn E. , Soldo Beth J. , Pagán José A. , McCabe John , deBlois Madeleine , Field Samuel H. , Asch David A. , Cannuscio Carolyn 
Published: November 2009

Objectives. We examined associations between material resources and late-life declines in health. Methods. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of declines in self-rated health and incident walking limitations associated with material disadvantages in a prospective panel representative of US adults aged 51 years and older (N = 15 441). Results. Disadvantages in health care (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23, 1.58), food (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.29, 2.22), and housing (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.35) were independently associated with declines in self-rated health, whereas only health care (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.29, 1.58) and food (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.31, 2.05) disadvantage predicted incident walking limitations. Participants experiencing multiple material disadvantages were particularly susceptible to worsening health and functional decline. These effects were sustained after we controlled for numerous covariates, including baseline health status and comorbidities. The relations between health declines and non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity, poverty, marital status, and education were attenuated or eliminated after we controlled for material disadvantage. Conclusions. Material disadvantages, which are highly policy relevant, appear related to health in ways not captured by education and poverty. Policies to improve health should address a range of basic human needs, rather than health care alone.
An Environmental-Scanning-Electron-Microscope Investigation Into the Effect of Biofilm on the Wettability of Quartz
Authors: Polson E. Jacqueline , Buckman James O. , Bowen David , Todd Adrian C. , Gow Mary M. , Cuthbert Simon J. 
Published: November 2009

Summary
The wettability relationships between oil, brine, gas, and rock are important in understanding reservoir dynamics. Chemical surfactants, scale inhibitors, and microbes introduced during exploration and production are all known to affect reservoir wettabilty. However, little thought has been given to the possibility of microbial contamination of cores during core preservation, handling, storage, or analysis and the effect that this may have on measuring parameters such as wettability. In an attempt to understand how wettability analysis of sandstone cores may be altered by the presence of microbial contamination, this paper examines the effect on wettability of bacterial/fungal biofilms on quartz. Wettability data for quartz and quartz colonized by bacterial/fungal biofilms were collected using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results illustrate that the introduction of bacteria and fungi to such systems can change wettability from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. These findings have important implications within the oil industry.
Gas/Condensate Relative Permeabilities in Propped-Fracture Porous Media: Coupling vs. Inertia
Authors: Jamiolahmady M.. , Sohrabi M.. , Ireland Shaun 
Published: November 2009

Summary
Hydraulic fracturing is one of the most common well stimulation techniques for gas/condensate reservoirs. In recent years, considerable effort has been directed toward the understanding of flow around hydraulically fractured wells, especially for tight gas reservoirs. However, there has been no report of a study of flow behavior within propped-fractured porous media for the low interfacial tension (IFT) gas/condensate fluid systems.
It is now a well established finding both experimentally and theoretically that the flow of gas/condensate fluid systems in porous media is affected by both coupling (the increase of relative permeability kr as velocity increases or IFT decreases) and inertial (i.e., the reduction of kr as velocity increases) effects. However, the interaction of capillary, viscous, and inertial forces within highly conductive propped fractures is not yet understood.
In this work, different series of steady-state gas/condensate kr values for a proppant-filled and a sand-packed fracture with permeability of 146 darcy and 15 darcy, respectively, are reported. These experimentally measured sets of kr data cover IFT and velocity values ranging between 0.85 and 0.15 mNm-1 and 250 to 3000 md-1, respectively.
The results indicate that inertia is quite dominant at all the tested conditions albeit to a greater extent at lower IFT and higher gas fractional flow rates. In the case of the fracture with the higher permeability, some kr values measured at the higher IFT are also reported, which are higher than the corresponding values at a lower IFT. These kr measurements are also compared with the corresponding predicted kr values using the generalized kr correlation reported recently by Jamiolahmady et al. (2009). The correlation expresses the combined effect of coupling and inertia with universal parameters. The unique contribution of inertial forces, as observed in the experiments and predicted by the correlation, is mainly attributed to the velocity, petrophysical properties of the fracture, and fluid properties of the flowing phases.
Fracture-Conductivity Loss Caused by Geochemical Interactions Between Man-Made Proppants and Formations
Authors: Weaver Jim , Rickman Richard , Luo Hongyu 
Published: November 2009

Summary
The selection of proppant to provide highly conductive pathways in hydraulically generated fractures is typically based on the proppant crush strength, permeability, availability, and cost. Extensive libraries of laboratory-determined conductivity values, obtained using API standardized methods at a variety of simulated well conditions, are available for most proppants. However, post-fracture-stimulation well testing indicates that these values are often one to two orders of magnitude too high. In many fields, the productivity of fractures declines rapidly, requiring frequent restimulation treatments to remain economically viable.
Proppant crushing and embedment, fracturing-fluid damage, and fines invasion are proppant-pack permeability-damage mechanisms that have been used to explain this loss of productivity. This paper reports on recent studies that have determined that alumina-based proppant materials may promote geochemical reactions that can occur at a surprisingly rapid rate, even at moderate temperatures, resulting in the loss of porosity and permeability and the creation of fines in the proppant pack.
The compatibilities of several man-made proppants, ranging from lightweight ceramics to high-strength bauxites, with a variety of formations are presented. These findings indicate that the formation mineralogy plays a heretofore unrecognized role in determining proppant suitability. Most proppants were found to lose 50–60% permeability before stabilizing, while others were shown to lose up to 90% in only a few days.
This paper describes the specialized methods that were developed to study these geochemical reactions and reports quantitative changes in permeability, proppant composition, and fluid changes. Surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis provides dramatic visual confirmation of this damage mechanism.
Results of this study have a great potential economic significance, suggesting new, important fracture design parameters that need to be determined to enable choosing the appropriate proppant for maximized stimulation longevity.
Circulating Palmitoleate Strongly and Independently Predicts Insulin Sensitivity in Humans
Authors: Stefan Norbert , Kantartzis Konstantinos , Celebi Nora , Staiger Harald , Machann Jürgen , Schick Fritz , Cegan Alexander , Elcnerova Michaela , Schleicher Erwin , Fritsche Andreas , Häring Hans-Ulrich 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether palmitoleate, which prevents insulin resistance in mice, predicts insulin sensitivity in humans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The fasting fatty acid pattern in the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) fraction was determined in 100 subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was estimated during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after 9 months of lifestyle intervention and measured during the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (n = 79).

RESULTS
Circulating palmitoleate (OGTT:F ratio = 8.2, P = 0.005; clamp:F ratio = 7.8, P = 0.007) but not total FFAs (OGTT:F ratio = 0.6, P = 0.42; clamp:F ratio = 0.7, P = 0.40) correlated positively with insulin sensitivity, independently of age, sex, and adiposity. High baseline palmitoleate predicted a larger increase in insulin sensitivity. For 1-SD increase in palmitoleate, the odds ratio for being in the highest versus the lowest tertile of adjusted change in insulin sensitivity was 2.35 (95% CI 1.16–5.35).

CONCLUSIONS
Circulating palmitoleate strongly and independently predicts insulin sensitivity, suggesting that it plays an important role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in humans.
The PECAM-1 gene polymorphism — a genetic marker of myocardial infarction
Authors: Reschner Hrvoje , Milutinovic Aleksandra , Petrovič Danijel 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We investigated a possible association between the C373G (Leu125Val) polymorphism in the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Slovene population (Caucasians). The study population of this cross-sectional analysis consisted of 452 subjects with T2DM lasting more than 10 years: 142 patients with MI (MI group) and 310 patients (control group) with no history of coronary diseases. There were significant differences of PECAM-1 genotype distribution in patients with MI (CC=28.2%, CG=47.2% and GG=24.6%) compared with subjects in the control group (CC=17.1%, CG=53.5% and GG=29.4%). The multivariate model showed that the CC genotype of the PECAM-1 gene polymorphism (C373G) (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0, P=0.007) was an independent risk factor for MI. The C allele frequency was also significantly higher (P=0.005) in MI (51.8%) than in control subjects (41%). In addition, our study revealed the connection between smoking habits, the duration of diabetes and the total and LDL cholesterol serum levels and MI in Slovene T2DM patients. We suggest that the tested polymorphism of PECAM-1 (C373G) is associated with MI. Therefore, it might be used as genetic marker of MI in T2DM.
Sensitivity of bacterial vs. acute Daphnia magna toxicity tests to metals
Authors: Teodorovic Ivana , Planojevic Ivana , Knezevic Petar , Radak Sonja , Nemet Irena 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity of two bacterial tests commonly used in metal toxicity screening — the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test and the Pseudomonas putida growth inhibition test — in comparison to the standard acute Daphnia magna test, and to estimate applicability of the selected methods to the toxicity testing of environmental samples. The D. magna acute test proved to be more sensitive to cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) than the two bacterial assays, whereas P. putida seems to be the most sensitive species to lead (Pb). Manganese appears to be slightly toxic to D. magna and non-toxic to the two selected bacteria. This leads to the conclusion that even in regions with high background concentrations, manganese would not act as a confounding factor. Low sensitivity of V. fischeri to heavy metals questions its applicability as the first screening method in assessing various environmental samples. Therefore, it is not advisable to replace D. magna with bacterial species for metal screening tests. P. putida, V. fischeri and/or other bacterial tests should rather be applied in a complex battery of ecotoxicological tests, as their tolerance to heavy metals can unravel other potentially present toxic substances and mixtures, undetectable by metal-sensitive species.
Planting of different-sized tree transplants on arable soil
Authors: Dostálek Jiří , Weber Martin , Matula Svatopluk , Frantík Tomáš 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
On the arable land of the Rosovka Stream alluvium in the Czech Republic, a windbreak containing native woody species, was planted within a restoration project. This study evaluates the effect of that planting of three different tree sizes, on the rate of growth. The sizes of transplants employed in this study included small (1.0–1.5 meters tall), medium-sized (2.0–2.5 meters tall) and large (with a trunk circumference of 0.1–0.12 meters). The following native tree species, from the Eurosiberian region, were used: Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Acer campestre L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Tilia cordata Mill., and Prunus avium L. Growth rates were monitored over a five-year period. Small transplants had the highest growth; they grew approximately 0.4 meters more than transplants from the other size categories. Our results show that the selection of the size of transplant has a significant impact on development and growth. However, differences in the post-transplant responses of individual species were found.
Abdominal setae and midgut bacteria of the mudshrimp Pestarella tyrrhena
Authors: Demiri Alexandra , Meziti Alexandra , Papaspyrou Sokratis , Thessalou-Legaki Maria , Kormas Konstantinos 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We investigated the diversity of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes occurring on the abdominal setal tufts and in the emptied midgut of the marine mudshrimp Pestarella tyrrhena (Decapoda: Thalassinidea). There were no dominant phylotypes on the setal tufts. The majority of the phylotypes belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes, frequently occurring in the water column. The rest of the phylotypes were related to anoxygenic photosynthetic α-Proteobacteria and to Actinobacteria. This bacterial profile seems more of a marine assemblage rather than a specific one suggesting that no specific microbial process can be inferred on the setal tufts. In the emptied midgut, 64 clones were attributed to 16 unique phylotypes with the majority (40.6%) belonging to the γ-Proteobacteria, specifically to the genus Vibrio, a marine group with known symbionts of decapods. The next most abundant group was the ɛ-Proteobacteria (28.1%), with members as likely symbionts related to the processes involving redox reactions occurring in the midgut. In addition, phylotypes related to the Spirochaetes (10.9%) were also present, with relatives capable of symbiosis conducting a nitrite associated metabolism. Entomoplasmatales, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria related phylotypes were also found. These results indicate a specific bacterial community dominated by putative symbiotic Bacteria within the P. tyrrhena’s midgut.
Cell-cell fusion: human multinucleated osteoclasts
Authors: Zeng Zhi-Yong , Chen Jun-Min 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Osteoclasts are known to be formed by fusion of circulating mononuclear precursor cells which originate from haematopoietic stem cells. The precise mechanisms regulating the cell-cell fusion of these circulating cells to multinucleated osteoclasts remain unclear. In the present study, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) from healthy donors were treated with the macrophagecolony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL) to induce osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast formation and resorption activity were investigated through the use of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and lacunar resorption on dentine slices respectively. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) in these cells. The results showed that under the treatment of M-CSF and RANKL, PBMNCs differentiated into multinucleated osteoclasts through cell-cell fusion of mononucleated cells. These osteoclasts were TRAP positive and capable of resorbing the bone. Expression of DC-STAMP was much higher in the cells treated with both M-CSF and RANKL than those treated with M-CSF alone. We concluded that human PBMNCs might differentiate into active osteoclasts under certain conditions and the DC-STAMP, which is believed critical for osteoclast development, will be a possible therapeutic target for osteoclast related diseases in future.
Collection of equine cord blood and placental tissues in 40 Thoroughbred mares
Authors: Bartholomew S. , Owens S. D. , Ferraro G. L. , Carrade D. D. , Lara D. J. , Librach F. A. , Borjesson D. L. , Galuppo L. D. 
Published: November 2009

Summary Reasons for performing study: Stem cells derived from umbilical cord tissue (UCT) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) in human subjects and horses can be obtained in a minimally invasive fashion with successful propagation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Currently there are no detailed protocols documenting a procedure to harvest UCB and UCT safely for equine stem cell propagation. Hypothesis: UCB and UCT could be collected without harm to mare or foal. Objectives: To develop a standard and safe method for UCB and UCT collection, and prospectively to compare foal and mare health between groups of animals where tissue was and was not collected. Methods: This study was conducted at a Thoroughbred breeding facility in central California in 2008. UCB and UCT were collected from 40 mare and foal pairs. Clinical parameters including time for foal to stand and nurse, time for mare to pass the placenta, and foal haematology data at age 24 h were documented and compared to a control group, consisting of the succeeding 40 mare and foal pairs. Results: UCB was obtained successfully from 36 of 40 (90%) mares and UCT from 38 of 40 (95%) mares. Bacterial contamination was documented in 6 out of 36 (16.6%) UCB samples. There were no significant differences in time to stand or nurse for foals or time to pass the placenta for mares, between the experimental and control groups. There were no clinically relevant differences identified in haematological data obtained from foals with and without UCB collection. Conclusions: UCB and UCT can be harvested safely without harm to mares or foals. Potential relevance: UCB and UCT samples collected in an inherently contaminated environment can be successfully disinfected and transported with minimal bacterial overgrowth for use in cell culture to isolate MSCs.
Effect of ventriculectomy versus ventriculocordectomy on upper airway noise in draught horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy
Authors: Cramp P. , Derksen F. J. , Stick J. A. , Nickels F. A. , Brown K. E. , Robinson P. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryReasons for performing study: Little is known about the efficacy of bilateral ventriculectomy (VE) or bilateral ventriculocordectomy (VCE) in draught horses.Objectives: To compare the effect of VE and VCE on upper airway noise in draught horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) by use of quantitative sound analysis techniques.Hypothesis: In competitive draught horses withgrade 4RLN, VE and VCE reduce upper airway noise during exercise, but VCE is more effective.Methods: Thirty competitive hitch or pulling draught horses withgrade 4RLN were evaluated for upper airway sound during exercise. Respiratory rate (RR), inspiratory (Ti) and expiratory time (Te), the ratio between Ti and Te (Ti/Te), inspiratory (Sli) and expiratory sound levels (Sle), the ratio between Sli and Sle (Sli/Sle), and peak sound intensity of the second formant (F2) were calculated. Eleven horses were treated with VE and 19 with VCE. After 90 days of voice and physical rest and 30 days of work, the horses returned for post operative upper airway sound evaluation and resting videoendoscopy.Results: VE significantly reduced Ti/Te, Sli, Sli/Sle and the sound intensity of F2. Respiratory rate, Ti, Te and Sle were unaffected by VE. VCE significantly reduced Ti/Te, Ti, Te, Sli, Sli/Sle and the sound intensity of F2, while RR and Sle were unaffected. The reduction in sound intensity of F2 following VCE was significantly greater than following VE. After VE and VCE, 7/11 (64%) and 15/18 (83%) owners, respectively, concluded that the surgery improved upper airway sound in their horses sufficiently for successful competition.Conclusions: VE and VCE significantly reduce upper airway noise and indices of airway obstruction in draught horses with RLN, but VCE is more effective than VE. The procedures have few post operative complications.Potential relevance: VCE is recommended as the preferred treatment for RLN in draught horses. Further studies are required to evaluate the longevity of the procedure's results.
Osseous abnormalities associated with collateral desmopathy of the distal interphalangeal joint: Part 1
Authors: Dakin S. G. , Dyson S. J. , Murray R. C. , Tranquille C. 
Published: November 2009

Summary Reasons for performing study: Osseous abnormalities. associated with collateral ligament (CL) injury of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint have been documented using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but there is currently limited information about the frequency of osseous pathology associated with CL injury. Objectives: To determine the frequency of occurrence of osseous abnormality coexistent with CL injury of the DIP joint and describe the distribution and character of osseous lesions; and to establish if there was an association between osseous abnormality and increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (IRU). Hypotheses: There would be a higher incidence of osseous abnormality at the insertion of an injured CL than at the origin; and a relationship between the presence of osseous abnormality and duration of lameness. Materials and methods: Magnetic resonance images of 313 feet of 289 horses with foot pain and a definitive diagnosis of collateral desmopathy of the DIP joint were analysed retrospectively for presence and type of osseous abnormality in the middle and distal phalanges. Scintigraphic images were examined and the presence of IRU in the middle or distal phalanges recorded. Results: Osseous abnormalities were detected in 143 (45.7%) feet, 27 (18.8%) of which had osseous and CL injury alone, while the remaining 116 had CL related osseous injury and multiple injuries within the hoof capsule. Entheseous new bone and endosteal irregularity of the middle and distal phalanges were the most frequent types of osseous abnormality. There was a higher incidence of osseous abnormalities medially than laterally and at the ligament insertion than at the origin. There was a significant association between presence of IRU and osseous injury. Conclusions: A variety of osseous lesions of differing severity are associated with CL injury. Normal radiopharmaceutical uptake does not preclude significant osseous pathology associated with CL injury. Clinical relevance: Further studies are necessary in order to determine if osseous abnormalities associated with CL injury influence prognosis for return to performance.