bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring Bacterial Genome Flux While Considering Truncated Genes
Authors: Hao Weilong , Golding G Brian 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Bacterial gene content variation during the course of evolution has been widely acknowledged and its pattern has been actively modeled in recent years. Gene truncation or gene pseudogenization also plays an important role in shaping bacterial genome content. Truncated genes could also arise from small-scale lateral gene transfer events. Unfortunately, the information of truncated genes has not been considered in any existing mathematical models on gene content variation. In this study, we developed a model to incorporate truncated genes. Maximum-likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the new model reveal fast rates of gene insertions/deletions on recent branches, suggesting a fast turnover of many recently transferred genes. The estimates also suggest that many truncated genes are in the process of being eliminated from the genome. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ignorance of truncated genes in the estimation does not lead to a systematic bias but rather has a more complicated effect. Analysis using the new model not only provides more accurate estimates on gene gains/losses (or insertions/deletions), but also reduces any concern of a systematic bias from applying simplified models to bacterial genome evolution. Although not a primary purpose, the model incorporating truncated genes could be potentially used for phylogeny reconstruction using gene family content.
Oroantral Communication as an Osteotome Sinus Elevation Complication
Authors: Anzalone Jeffrey V. , Vastardis Sotirios 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe sinus elevation procedure is a predictable technique to allow for placement of dental implants in the posterior maxilla when the height of the alveolar ridge is limited. The sinus elevation can be performed by various techniques. In the crestal approach, bone graft is utilized to hydraulically elevate the sinus membrane through an osteotomy prepared in the alveolar crest. The implant can be placed either immediately or at a later surgery. This is a case report of an oroantral communication that developed as a complication to a sinus elevation surgery performed with the crestal approach. A 54-year-old female patient presented for dental implant treatment. The patient reported sleep apnea and smoking. Full-thickness flap was reflected in the posterior maxilla and using trephines, an osteotomy was prepared, 1 mm short of the sinus. The trephined core of bone was pushed into the sinus using osteotomes. Particulate bone graft was introduced through the osteotomy to elevate the sinus membrane, and a collagen membrane was used over the bone graft. Six days after surgery, the patient returned to the clinic with an oroantral communication. The patient reported that she was using a positive-pressure breathing mask at night because of sleep apnea. A flap was extended to the tuberosity area and was rotated palatally to achieve closure. The use of the pressure breathing mask was discontinued. The oroantral communication was successfully closed. Relatively few complications have been reported using the osteotome sinus elevation technique. The use of a positive pressure mask may have complicated a sinus elevation surgery. Other factors that may have contributed to this complication include smoking and delayed healing of the area.
Immediate Functional Loading of an Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis at the Time of Ablative Surgery and Mandibular Reconstruction for Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Odin Guillaume , Balaguer Thierry , Savoldelli Charles , Scortecci Gérard 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The authors describe a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity managed by ablative surgery, mandibular reconstruction with a fibula free flap, and implant placement during the same session. Immediate functional implant loading, respecting the principles of basal implantology, was performed 48 hours later using a highly rigid, screw-secured fixed prosthesis that served as an external fixator for the implants and grafted bone. Implant loading before external beam radiotherapy improves flap stability, bone consolidation, and quality of life. Functional and esthetic outcomes were evaluated 2 years after radiotherapy was completed.
The Effect of Systemic Nicotine on Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in the Rat Femur
Authors: Berley Joel , Yamano Seiichi , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether high levels of plasma nicotine, delivered via subcutaneously placed mini-osmotic pumps, had an effect on bone development and osseointegration of a titanium implant in rat femurs in both the short and long term. In this study, we hypothesized that systemic nicotine may not affect bone development, but may affect osseointegration in both the short and long term. Thirty rats were assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 (n  =  10) was subdivided into 2 groups, which both received nicotine during the duration of the experiment. Half of the group (n  =  5) was sacrificed at 2 weeks after implant placement, and the other half (n  =  5) was sacrificed at 4 weeks after implant placement. Group 2 (n  =  10) was treated identically; however, this group was given saline placebo rather than nicotine. Nicotine/saline was administered via subcutaneous mini-osmotic pumps. Serum analysis was assessed biweekly and weight was assessed weekly. Implant placement consisted of mini-implant placement in the femur of the rats under general anesthesia. After sacrifice, the femurs were harvested and analyzed. Biomechanical push-in test was used to determine the degree of osseointegration by evaluating the breakpoint load. Micro-CT was performed on the femurs of the remaining 10 rats to determine the bone density and architecture. Micro-CT showed no significant difference in bone morphometric analysis. Push-in test showed significant difference in axial load force required to dislodge the implant between the nicotine-treated and control rats both at 2 and at 4 weeks after implant placement. The evidence indicates that while there was no significant difference in bone development and remodeling with exposure to systemic nicotine, there was a significant difference in bone wound healing, specifically with the osseointegration of titanium implants at both 2 and 4 weeks after implant placement. In conclusion, systemic nicotine may have a significant impact on the osseointegration of implants in the rat femur. Additional studies need to be conducted to further understand the specific way in which nicotine adversely affects wound healing on the molecular level.
Comparative Soft and Hard Tissue Responses to Titanium and Polymer Healing Abutments
Authors: Koutouzis Theofilos , Richardson Joseph , Lundgren Tord 
Published: June 2010

Limited information exists regarding soft tissue and hard tissue responses to abutments with different material composition. The aim of this study is to evaluate soft and hard tissue responses to titanium and polymer healing abutments over a 3-month period. Sixteen patients were included in this prospective trial. Implants were provisionalized with either titanium or polymer healing abutments. Changes of marginal bone level and soft tissue dimensions were recorded at implant installation and at 3 months.
Immediate Loading of Dental Implant After Sinus Floor Elevation With Osteotome Technique: A Clinical Report and Preliminary Radiographic Results
Authors: Santagata Mario , Guariniello Luigi , Rauso Raffaele , Tartaro Gianpaolo 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Edentulous ridges in the posterior maxilla are often compromised by reduced bone volume. This anatomic condition often limits dental implant placement of 10 mm in length without prior or simultaneous sinus augmentation. The osteotome technique is an alternative and conservative technique for sinus floor augmentation and immediate implant placement in the posterior region of the maxillary jaw. According to the relevant literature, the osteotome technique appears to be a predictable and safe method for augmenting bone at the sinus floor and to improve bone density and quality of the implant site sufficiently so that immediate loading is possible. A 46-year-old male patient was referred to the authors to replace the single upper premolar with an implant-supported crown restoration without interfering with the integrity and topography of the adjacent gingival tissues. Only one clinical study analyzed minimally invasive implant and sinus lift surgery with immediate loading. In that case report, the osteotomy was widened to its final diameter using a series of incrementally larger twist drills. In our clinical case, a series of incrementally larger diameter osteotomes improved bone density. This simplified treatment modality can make single tooth implant rehabilitation of the atrophic premolar maxilla region more accessible, and immediate loading is facilitated by improved bone density.
A Case Report of Bilateral Mandibular Vertical Guided Bone Regeneration With and Without Bovine Thrombin/Calcium Chloride Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Brugnami Federico , Corsi Alessandro , Riminucci Mara , Caiazzo Alfonso 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOne patient with a bilateral vertical defect was treated on one side with guided bone regeneration (GBR) and an autologous bone graft and on the contralateral side with the addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). At the 6-month reentry, clinically and radiographically enough bone width and height were present to allow implant placement in both sites. At the same time point, at the histologic level, no differences were noticeable. Similar results were obtained in this case in vertical bone regeneration with and without bovine thrombin/calcium chloride activated PRP applied to GBR techniques.
Utilization of Surgical Trepan for the Obtainment of Calvarial Autogenous Bone Graft in Maxillary Reconstructions
Authors: Pereira Cassiano Costa Silva , Gealh Walter Cristiano , Martins Maira Menezes Santos , Homsi Nicolas , Junior Idelmo Rangel Garcia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMaxillomandibular reconstructions are traditionally performed by means of autogenous bone grafts collected from intraoral donor areas and extraoral donor areas such as clavicle, iliac bone, rib, and tibia. The calvarial bone has been studied as an alternative donor area, with a low incidence of complications and minimal postoperative morbidity. Complications such as dural lacerations associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage and extradural and subdural bleeding were minimized due to the use of surgical trepan, allowing the diploic layer delimitation before the osteotomy, preserving the internal calvarial cortical. The purpose of this article is to suggest a new technique for the obtainment of calvarial bone grafts with surgical trepan.
Sandwich Bone Graft Covered With Buccal Fat Pad in Severely Atrophied Edentulous Maxilla: A Clinical Report
Authors: Khojasteh Arash , Mohajerani Hassan , Momen-Heravi Fatemeh , Kazemi Mahmood , Alikhasi Marzieh 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A 48-year-old woman with a severely atrophied maxilla was treated with open sinus augmentation surgery along with Le Fort I osteotomy with a pedicled buccal fat pad graft to position the maxilla in a right occlusal plane with respect to the mandible and to construct adequate bone volume allowing proper implant placement. Six dental implants were inserted in the maxilla, and a fixed metal-resin screw-retained prosthesis was fabricated for the maxilla and mandible.
Vascularized Connective Tissue Flap for Bone Graft Coverage
Authors: Herford Alan S. , Cooper Todd C. , Maiorana Carlo , Cicciù Marco 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlveolar defects are characterized by missing soft and hard tissues. It is often necessary to combine secondary procedures to address the soft-tissue component. The authors describe a technique that uses a split-thickness flap design that is placed over the crest of the remaining ridge and extends in a palatal direction. This allows advancement of the flap with its exposed connective tissue over the bone graft and provides restoration of both bone and keratinized tissue. Seventeen patients with defects involving the anterior maxilla who required grafting procedures were including in this study. All patients had an autogenous bone graft (n  =  17) combined with osseointegrated implants (n  =  41). A split-thickness flap design was used at the time of bone graft placement (primary) in 9 patients and at the time of implant uncovering (secondary) in 8 patients. There were no cases of flap necrosis or dehiscence with exposure of the bone graft. All patients demonstrated an increase in keratinized tissue involving the peri-implant area. An apical repositioned split-thickness flap provides an increased zone of keratinized tissue with improved esthetics and implant maintenance. This technique can be performed simultaneously with the grafting procedure, thus avoiding extensive undermining of the adjacent soft tissue.
Maintenance of Class III Trifurcated Molars Versus Implant Placement in Regenerated Extraction Sockets: Long-Term Results of 2 Cases
Authors: Zafiropoulos Gregory-George K , di Prisco Manuela Occipite , Deli Giorgio , Hoffmann Oliver 
Published: June 2010

Studies to date have reached differing conclusions regarding the long-term prognosis of teeth with class III furcation involvement. Replacement of such teeth with implants could be an alternative. This report compares the treatment outcomes of 2 cases with similar disease progression: 1 treated by implant therapy and 1 maintained with nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Two patients with advanced chronic periodontitis and class III furcation involvement of all molars were treated. Case 1 received a conservative periodontal and antibiotic treatment, followed by 15 years of maintenance. In case 2, the molars were extracted and replaced with implants, and the implants were observed for 7 years. Clinical attachment level (CAL), probing attachment level (PAL), bleeding on probing, plaque index, and periodontal pathogens were recorded. Despite good compliance of case 1, periodontal pathogens were not eliminated and tissue destruction was not halted. The PAL outcomes of case 2 improved over time; mean PAL loss reached 0.35 mm/y in the first 3 years and then decreased to 0.01 mm/y. While CAL outcomes did not change in case 2, case 1 showed increased CAL loss after 8 years. Based on the limited findings of this case report, extraction of molars with class III furcation involvement and subsequent implant placement may render a better predictability of treatment outcomes than nonsurgical periodontal therapy in the cases of infection with periodontal pathogens.
High Expression of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor in Peritumoral Liver Tissue Is Associated with Poor Outcome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection
Authors: Jia Jin-Bin , Wang Wen-Quan , Sun Hui-Chuan , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Liu Liang , Zhuang Peng-Yuan , Zhang Ju-Bo , Zhang Wei , Xu Hua-Xiang , Kong Ling-Qun , Lu Lu , Wu Wei-Zhong , Wang Lu , Tang Zhao-You 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background.
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its prognostic values are unclear. This study evaluated the prognostic values of the intratumoral and peritumoral expression of CSF-1R in HCC patients after curative resection.

Methods.
Tissue microarrays containing material from cohort 1 (105 patients) and cohort 2 (32 patients) were constructed. Immunohistochemistry was performed and prognostic values of these and other clinicopathological data were evaluated. The CSF-1R mRNA level was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in cohort 3 (52 patients).

Results.
Both the CSF-1R density and its mRNA level were significantly higher in peritumoral liver tissue than in the corresponding tumor tissue. CSF-1R was distributed in a gradient in the long-distance peritumoral tissue microarray, with its density decreasing as the distance from the tumor margin increased. High peritumoral CSF-1R was significantly associated with more intrahepatic metastases and poorer survival. Peritumoral CSF-1R was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and time to recurrence and affected the incidence of early recurrence. However, intratumoral CSF-1R did not correlate with any clinicopathological feature. Peritumoral CSF-1R was also associated with both overall survival and time to recurrence in a subgroup with small HCCs (≤5 cm).

Conclusions.
Peritumoral CSF-1R is associated with intrahepatic metastasis, tumor recurrence, and patient survival after hepatectomy, highlighting the critical role of the peritumoral liver milieu in HCC progression. CSF-1R may become a potential therapeutic target for postoperative adjuvant treatment.
Timescales, dynamics, and ecological understanding
Authors: Hastings Alan 
Published: June 2010

AlanHastings,MacArthur Award Recipient, 2006figure imageExplicit consideration of timescales and dynamics is required for an understanding of fundamental issues in ecology. Endogenous dynamics can lead to transient states where asymptotic behavior is very different from dynamics on short timescales. The causes of these kinds of transients can be placed in one of three classes: linear systems with different timescales embedded or exhibiting reactive behavior, the potentially long times to reach synchrony across space for oscillating systems, and the complex dynamics of systems with strong density‐dependent (nonlinear) interactions. It is also important to include the potentially disparate timescales inherent in ecological systems when determining the endogenous dynamics. I argue that the dynamics of ecological systems can best be understood as the response, which may include transient dynamics, to exogenous influences leading to the observed dynamics on ecologically relevant timescales. This view of ecosystem behavior as responses of ecological systems governed by endogenous dynamics to exogenous influences provides a synthetic way to unify different approaches to population dynamics, to understand mechanisms that determine the distribution and abundance of species, and to manage ecosystems on appropriate timescales. There are implications for theoretical approaches, empirical approaches, and the statistical approaches that bridge theory and observation.
Can Postprandial Blood Glucose Excursion Be Predicted in Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Franc Sylvia , Dardari Dured , Peschard Caroline , Riveline Jean-Pierre , Biedzinski Magdalena , Boucherie Beatrix , Petit Catherine , Requeda Elisabeth , Mistretta Frederic , Varroud-Vial Michel , Charpentier Guillaume 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the relationship between carbohydrate intake and postprandial blood glucose (BG) levels to determine the most influential meal for type 2 diabetic subjects treated with basal insulin and needing prandial insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Three-day BG profiles for 37 type 2 diabetic subjects, with A1C levels of 7.7%, treated with sulfonylurea and metformin, and well titrated on insulin glargine, were analyzed using a continuous glucose monitoring system. Food intake from 680 meals was recorded and quantified during continuous glucose monitoring.

RESULTS
The median BG excursion (ΔBG) was higher at breakfast than at lunch or dinner (111 [81; 160] vs. 69.5 [41.5; 106] and 82.5 mg/dl [53; 119] mg/dl, P &lt; 0.0001). There was a weak overall correlation between ΔBG and carbohydrate intake. Correlation improved when mealtime was taken into account. Simple relationships were established: ΔBG (mg/dl) = 65 × carbohydrate/body weight + 73 for breakfast (R2 = 0.20, P &lt; 0.0001); the slope was reduced by half at lunch and by one-third at dinner. Twelve relevant variables likely to affect ΔBG were integrated into a polynomial equation. This model accounted for 49% of ΔBG variability. Two groups of patients were identified: responders, in whom ΔBG was well correlated with carbohydrate intake (R2 ≥ 0.30, n = 8), and nonresponders (R2 &lt; 0.30, n = 29). Responders exhibited a greater insulinopenic profile than nonresponders.

CONCLUSIONS
The carbohydrate intake in responders clearly drives ΔBG, whereas, in nonresponders, other factors predominate. This sort of characterization should be used to guide therapeutic choices toward more targeted care with improved type 2 diabetes management.
Remedial Actions for the Physical Inactivity of Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pezzino Sandrine , Florenty Stéphane , Fagour Cédric , Gin Henri , Rigalleau Vincent 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
Physical inactivity is often suspected in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes but has yet to be quantified.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured the level of physical activity of 36 hospitalized (H) and 36 free-living nonhospitalized (NH) type 2 diabetic subjects with actimeters (SenseWear Arm-Band).

RESULTS
The number of steps (H: 4,381 ± 3,742 steps/24 h, NH: 7,220 ± 4,763 steps/24 h; P &lt; 0.01), duration of physical activity (H: 45 ± 57 min/24 h, NH: 148 ± 116 min/24 h; P &lt; 0.005), and physical activity expenditure (H: 287 ± 390 kcal/24 h, NH: 1,035 ± 1,006 kcal/24 h; P &lt; 0.005) were two- to threefold lower in the hospitalized patients. Simple advice enabled us to increase their recorded levels of physical activity by ∼50% (P &lt; 0.005), and a further 50% (P &lt; 0.05) was obtained by the use of a pedometer.

CONCLUSIONS
The physical inactivity of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes is significant and remediable, although the advice given must take into account the existence of sensory neuropathy and silent myocardial ischemia.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of 2% Lidocaine With 1 : 100,000 Epinephrine, 4% Prilocaine With 1 : 200,000 Epinephrine, and 4% Prilocaine for Maxillary Infiltrations
Authors: Katz Steven , Drum Melissa , Reader Al , Nusstein John , Beck Mike 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind crossover study was to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine, 4% prilocaine with 1 : 200,000 epinephrine, and 4% prilocaine in maxillary lateral incisors and first molars. Sixty subjects randomly received, in a double-blind manner, maxillary lateral incisor and first molar infiltrations of 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine, 1.8 mL of 4% prilocaine with 1 : 200,000 epinephrine, and 1.8 mL of 4% prilocaine, at 3 separate appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. The teeth were pulp-tested in 3-minute cycles for a total of 60 minutes. Anesthetic success (ie, obtaining 2 consecutive 80 readings with the electric pulp tester) and onset of pulpal anesthesia were not significantly different between 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine, 4% prilocaine with 1 : 200,000 epinephrine, and 4% prilocaine for the lateral incisor and first molar. For both lateral incisor and first molar, 4% prilocaine with 1 : 200,000 epinephrine and 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine were equivalent for incidence of pulpal anesthesia. However, neither anesthetic agent provided an hour of pulpal anesthesia. For both lateral incisor and first molar, 4% prilocaine provided a significantly shorter duration of pulpal anesthesia compared with 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine and 4% prilocaine with 1 : 200,000 epinephrine.