bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis: A population‐based study
Authors: Szabo Shelagh M. , Levy Adrian R. , Rao Sumati R. , Kirbach Stephanie E. , Lacaille Diane , Cifaldi Mary , Maksymowych Walter P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the excess risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Quebec compared with the general population of Quebec.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using population‐based administrative data from Quebec. The cohort included all adult individuals with at least 1 AS diagnosis on physician billing or hospital discharge records between 1996 and 2006. A comparison cohort was generated using a 1% random sample of individuals without AS. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and associated hospitalizations, were classified into 1 of 6 subcategories: congestive heart failure, valvular (aortic or nonaortic) heart disease, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or “other” cardiovascular disease. The age‐ and sex‐stratified prevalence estimates, and standardized prevalence ratios, of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease in patients with AS, compared to that in the general population, were calculated.ResultsThe AS cohort included 8,616 individuals diagnosed over the period 1996–2006. The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases increased with increasing age for all cardiovascular disease subgroups, and was similar for individuals of both sexes. Age‐ and sex‐stratified prevalence ratios were highest in younger individuals with AS. The age‐ and sex‐standardized prevalence ratios comparing the risk among those with AS to the risk in the general population were as follows: for aortic valvular heart disease 1.58 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.31–1.91), for nonaortic valvular heart disease 1.58 (95% CI 1.43–1.74), for ischemic heart disease 1.37 (95% CI 1.31–1.44), for congestive heart failure 1.34 (95% CI 1.26–1.42), for “other” cardiovascular disease 1.36 (95% CI 1.29–1.44), for cerebrovascular disease 1.25 (95% CI 1.15–1.35), and for any hospitalization for a cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease 1.31 (95% CI 1.22–1.41).ConclusionCompared with the general population, patients with AS are at increased risk for many types of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and are more likely to be hospitalized for these diseases. The excess risk is greatest in younger patients with AS.
Blocking of interferon regulatory factor 1 reduces tumor necrosis factor α–induced interleukin‐18 bioactivity in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by induction of interleukin‐18 binding protein a: Role of the nuclear interferon regulatory factor 1–NF‐κB–c‐jun complex
Authors: Marotte Hubert , Tsou Pei‐Suen , Rabquer Bradley J. , Pinney Adam J. , Fedorova Tatiana , Lalwani Nalin , Koch Alisa E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF‐1) in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–induced interleukin‐18 binding protein a (IL‐18BPa) expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs).MethodsTNFα‐induced IRF‐1 expression was assessed by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The effect of TNFα on IRF‐1 was assessed using nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts, Western blots, and immunofluorescence. Chemical inhibitors of NF‐κB or MAP kinases were used to analyze the signaling pathways of TNFα‐induced IRF‐1 expression and IRF‐1 nuclear translocation. Control and IRF‐1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to analyze the effect of IRF‐1 down‐regulation on TNFα‐induced IL‐18BP expression. IL‐18BPa expression was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and IL‐18 was assessed at the transcription and bioactivity levels using KG‐1 cells.ResultsTNFα induced RASF IRF‐1 expression at the messenger RNA and protein levels, with a maximal effect at 2 hours (P < 0.05; n ≥ 3). Furthermore, TNFα induced nuclear translocation of IRF‐1, with maximal translocation at 2 hours (∼6 fold‐induction) (P < 0.05; n = 4). Blocking of the NF‐κB or JNK‐2 pathways reduced TNFα‐induced IRF‐1 nuclear translocation by 35% and 50%, respectively (P < 0.05; n ≥ 4). Using siRNA to knock down IRF‐1, we observed reduced IL‐18BPa expression. Additionally, IL‐18 bioactivity was higher when siRNA was used to knock down IRF‐1 expression.ConclusionThese results show that IRF‐1 is a key regulator of IL‐18BPa expression and IL‐18 bioactivity in RASFs. Regulation of IRF‐1 will be a new therapeutic target in RA.
Alterations of high‐mannose type N‐glycosylation in human and mouse osteoarthritis cartilage
Authors: Urita Atsushi , Matsuhashi Tomoya , Onodera Tomohiro , Nakagawa Hiroaki , Hato Megumi , Amano Maho , Seito Naoki , Minami Akio , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe process of N‐glycosylation is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, little is known about the contribution of changes in N‐glycans in osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to identify the alterations in N‐glycans in human OA cartilage, to characterize the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of N‐glycan biosynthesis enzyme genes (N‐glycogenes) in mouse articular chondrocytes during cartilage degradation, and to analyze the relationship between altered N‐glycan patterns and mechanisms of cartilage degradation.MethodsAlterations in N‐glycans were analyzed in human OA cartilage and degraded mouse cartilage by high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. N‐glycogene mRNA expression in mouse chondrocytes was measured using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. To assess the relationship between the altered N‐glycans and degradation of mouse cartilage, experiments involving either knockdown or overexpression of N‐glycogenes were performed in mouse articular chondrocytes.ResultsAlterations in high‐mannose type N‐glycans were observed in both human OA cartilage and degraded mouse cartilage. The expression of β1,2N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc‐TI) mRNA, which converts high‐mannose type N‐glycans, was significantly increased in degraded mouse cartilage. Mouse chondrocytes with suppressed GlcNAc‐TI expression had reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) and ADAMTS‐5 (aggrecanase 2) mRNA following stimulation with interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α). In contrast, mouse chondrocytes overexpressing GlcNAc‐TI had increased levels of MMP‐13 and ADAMTS‐5 mRNA following stimulation with IL‐1α.ConclusionThese findings indicate that alterations in high‐mannose type N‐glycans and N‐glycogenes in chondrocytes correlate with the release of MMP‐13 and ADAMTS‐5 during cartilage degradation. These findings suggest that N‐glycans play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of OA.
Birger Hjørland's Manichean misconstruction of Marcia Bates' work
Authors: Bates Marcia J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIt is argued and demonstrated that Birger Hjørland's critiques of Marcia Bates' articles on the nature of information and the nature of browsing misrepresent the content of these articles, and further, frame the argument as a Manichean conflict between Hjørland's enlightened “discursive” and social approach versus Bates' benighted behavioral approach. It is argued that Bates' work not only contains much of value that has been ignored by Hjørland but also contains ideas that mostly complement, rather than conflict with, those of Hjørland.
Can Constructive Thinking Predict Decision Making?
Authors: Santos‐Ruiz Ana , Fernandez‐Serrano Maria Jose , Robles‐Ortega Humbelina , Perez‐Garcia Miguel , Navarrete‐Navarrete Nuria , Peralta‐Ramirez Maria Isabel 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWe assume that executive function constitutes an integrated set of cognitive processes that mediate working memory, planning, inhibition, flexibility, and decision making. Despite the acknowledged theoretical connection between executive function processes and emotional intelligence, such relationships have rarely been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential relationship between constructive thinking, conceived as a component of emotional intelligence, and executive function, as indexed by various existing neuropsychological and experimental instruments. We used theConstructive Thinking Inventoryas a measure of emotional intelligence. We found that some constructive thinking subscales were able to predict distinct executive function variables. Emotional Coping, Categorical Thinking, and Esoteric Thinking subscales explained performance on various measures of executive function. Thus, we conclude that intervention programs designed to train a specific component of emotional intelligence, namely constructive thinking, could also facilitate performance in executive function processes, and vice versa. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomass deconstruction to sugars
Authors: Blanch Harvey W. , Simmons Blake A. , Klein‐Marcuschamer Daniel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass relies on the depolymerization of its polysaccharide content into fermentable sugars. Accomplishing this requires pretreatment of the biomass to reduce its size, and chemical or physical alteration of the biomass polymers to enhance the susceptibility of their glycosidic linkages to enzymatic or acid catalyzed cleavage. Well‐studied approaches include dilute and concentrated acid pretreatment and catalysis, and the dissolution of biomass in organic solvents. These and recently developed approaches, such as solubilization in ionic liquids, are reviewed in terms of the chemical and physical changes occurring in biomass pretreatment. As pretreatment represents one of the major costs in converting biomass to fuels, the factors that contribute to pretreatments costs, and their impact on overall process economics, are described.
Product Design of Cosmeceuticals Using the Example of Skin Cream
Authors: Rähse Wilfried 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCosmeceuticals (Wirkkosmetika) sind komplex zusammengesetzte dermatologische Produkte, die den Bereich zwischen Pflege und Heilung abdecken. Sie enthalten mehrere Stoffe in wirksamen Konzentrationen, die eine optimale Versorgung beanspruchter Haut mit Feuchtigkeit und Lipiden sowie mit Vitaminen sicherstellen. Zusätzlich können Spezialsubstanzen, z. B. für die Reduzierung der Hautalterung, wichtige Bestandteile der Rezeptur sein. Zusatzstoffe, die nicht der Gesundheit dienen, wie Parfüme und Farbstoffe, werden weggelassen. Nach der diskontinuierlichen Herstellung der Emulsionen in Rührkesseln mit Rotor‐Stator‐Emulgatoren erfolgt die Abfüllung vorzugsweise in hygienische Spender, die eine Entnahme ohne Luftzutritt ermöglichen. Die Produkte lassen sich daher konservierungsmittelfrei oder mit nur geringen Mengen an Konservierungsmitteln formulieren.
Recent Developments of Cleaning and Separation Processes with Near and Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Kilzer Andreas , Kareth Sabine , Weidner Eckhard 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDie Hochdruckextraktion mit nah‐ und überkritischen Fluiden ist ein seit Jahrzehnten bewährtes und industriell großtechnisch genutztes Verfahren, etwa bei der Entkoffeinierung von Kaffee mit Kohlendioxid. Neben dieser sehr bekannten Anwendung gibt es jedoch weitere Prozesse, die die speziellen Eigenschaften nah‐ und überkritischer Fluide nutzen. Diese Eigenschaften und einige dieser Prozesse werden im Artikel beschrieben. Es handelt sich dabei um das Strahlreinigen, die Hochdruck‐Flashreinigung, die Textil‐ und Bauteilreinigung, einen gasunterstützten Abpressprozess (Gas Assisted Pressing GAP/Gas Assisted Mechanical Expression GAME Prozess), die Emulsionsspaltung, die Hochdruck‐Dekontamination und die Absorption mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten.
Encapsulation of Docetaxel into PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles for Vectorization to Cancer Cells
Authors: François Alison , Laroche Audrey , Pinaud Noël , Salmon Lionel , Ruiz Jaime , Robert Jacques , Astruc Didier 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEncapsulation of docetaxel and its solubilization in water was carried out in PEGylated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as shown by 1H NMR (600 MHz) and UV/Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Vectorization of PEGylated AuNP‐encapsulated docetaxel was probed in vitro toward human colon carcinoma (HCT15) and human breast cancer (MCF7) cells. AuNPs alone presented no cytotoxicity toward either MCF7 or HCT15 adenocarcinoma cells. AuNP–docetaxel was found to be 2.5‐fold more efficient than docetaxel alone against MCF7 cells, and the IC50 value of AuNP–docetaxel against HCT15 cells was lower than that of free docetaxel; the increased efficiency brought about by AuNP drug encapsulation was ∼1.5‐fold.
Xenopus laevis: An ideal experimental model for studying the developmental dynamics of neural network assembly and sensory‐motor computations
Authors: Straka Hans , Simmers John 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe amphibian Xenopus laevis represents a highly amenable model system for exploring the ontogeny of central neural networks, the functional establishment of sensory‐motor transformations, and the generation of effective motor commands for complex behaviors. Specifically, the ability to employ a range of semi‐intact and isolated preparations for in vitro morphophysiological experimentation has provided new insights into the developmental and integrative processes associated with the generation of locomotory behavior during changing life styles. In vitro electrophysiological studies have begun to explore the functional assembly, disassembly and dynamic plasticity of spinal pattern generating circuits as Xenopus undergoes the developmental switch from larval tail‐based swimming to adult limb‐based locomotion. Major advances have also been made in understanding the developmental onset of multisensory signal processing for reactive gaze and posture stabilizing reflexes during self‐motion. Additionally, recent evidence from semi‐intact animal and isolated CNS experiments has provided compelling evidence that in Xenopus tadpoles, predictive feed‐forward signaling from the spinal locomotor pattern generator are engaged in minimizing visual disturbances during tail‐based swimming. This new concept questions the traditional view of retinal image stabilization that in vertebrates has been exclusively attributed to sensory‐motor transformations of body/head motion‐detecting signals. Moreover, changes in visuomotor demands associated with the developmental transition in propulsive strategy from tail‐ to limb‐based locomotion during metamorphosis presumably necessitates corresponding adaptive alterations in the intrinsic spinoextraocular coupling mechanism. Consequently, Xenopus provides a unique opportunity to address basic questions on the developmental dynamics of neural network assembly and sensory‐motor computations for vertebrate motor behavior in general. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 649–663, 2012
Signal 3 requirement for memory CD8+ T‐cell activation is determined by the infectious pathogen
Authors: Keppler Selina J. , Aichele Peter 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe relevance of direct inflammatory signals (signal 3) for the activation of memory CD8+ T cells during recall responses is so far unknown. We therefore investigated the direct impact of IL‐12 and type I IFN on the formation, recall potential and protective capacity of memory T cells. Using CD8+ T cells deficient for IL‐12 or type I IFN receptors in an adoptive transfer system, we generated memory populations after infection with vaccinia virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or Listeria monocytogenes. The results demonstrate that in the absence of signal 3 cytokines during primary infection, functional memory T cells were formed. After retransfer into naïve mice, signal 3‐deficient memory T cells were able to specifically lyse target cells in vivo under non‐infectious conditions. However, after reinfection, secondary effector CD8+ T cells lacking signal 3 were impaired in expansion and protective capacity dependent on the nature of the pathogen. We conclude that memory CD8+ T cells depend on a signal 3 for expansion, independent of signals obtained during priming, thereby being influenced by the pathogen‐induced inflammatory milieu during secondary infection. In summary, our results reveal an essential role for direct inflammatory cytokine signaling in secondary T‐cell responses.
Human papillomavirus entry into NK cells requires CD16 expression and triggers cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion
Authors: Renoux Virginie M. , Bisig Bettina , Langers Inge , Dortu Estelle , Clémenceau Béatrice , Thiry Marc , Deroanne Christophe , Colige Alain , Boniver Jacques , Delvenne Philippe , Jacobs Nathalie 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections account for more than 50% of infection‐linked cancers in women worldwide. The immune system controls, at least partially, viral infection and around 90% of HPV‐infected women clear the virus within two years. However, it remains unclear which immune cells are implicated in this process and no study has evaluated the direct interaction between HPVs and NK cells, a key player in host resistance to viruses and tumors. We demonstrated an NK‐cell infiltration in HPV‐associated preneoplastic cervical lesions. Since HPVs cannot grow in vitro, virus‐like particles (VLPs) were used as a model for studying the NK‐cell response against the virus. Interestingly, NK cells displayed higher cytotoxic activity and cytokine production (TNF‐α and IFN‐γ) in the presence of HPV‐VLPs. Using flow cytometry and microscopy, we observed that NK‐cell stimulation was linked to rapid VLP entry into these cells by macropinocytosis. Using CD16+ and CD16− NK‐cell lines and a CD16‐blocking antibody, we demonstrated that CD16 is necessary for HPV–VLP internalization, as well as for degranulation and cytokine production. Thus, we show for the first time that NK cells interact with HPVs and can participate in the immune response against HPV‐induced lesions.
Crystalline and Liquid Crystalline Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Salts with Cation‐Sensitized Hexanuclear Molybdenum Cluster Complex Anion Luminescence
Authors: Bäcker Joanna , Mihm Svenja , Mallick Bert , Yang Mei , Meyer Gerd , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe salts [Cnmim]2[Mo6Cl14] (mim = methylimidazolium; n = 4, 6, 12, 16, 18) have been obtained by reaction of CnmimCl with MoCl2. Thermal analysis shows the melting point decreases with increasing alkyl chain length of the cation. The imidazolium chloromolybdates(II) with n = 6–18 decompose above 340 °C; [C18mim]2[Mo6Cl14] is thermally stable up to 390 °C. All compounds are insensititve to the constituents of the atmosphere. Of the higher melting salts [Cnmim]2[Mo6Cl14] (n = 4, 6), high‐quality single crystals could be obtained. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses clearly show that the cluster complex anion [Mo6Cl14]2– has an electron‐precise octahedral {Mo6} cluster. For [C4mim]2[Mo6Cl14], two polymorphs differing in the cation alkyl‐side‐chain conformation were obtained. The less thermodynamically stable modification with a gauche conformation undergoes monotropic phase transition to the more stable form with the all‐trans conformation. Long alkyl‐side‐chain salts, [Cnmim]2[Mo6Cl14] with n = 16 and 18, exhibit thermotropic liquid‐crystalline behaviour. All compounds show bright red luminescence centred at about 730 nm with a lifetime of about 0.15 ms, originating from the cluster complex anion, which can be sensitized by the imidazolium cations.
Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reactions of Nitroalkanes with Isatins Catalyzed by Bifunctional Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives
Authors: Li Mei‐Qiu , Zhang Jin‐Xin , Huang Xiao‐Fei , Wu Bin , Liu Zhao‐Min , Chen Jian , Li Xiang‐Dong , Wang Xing‐Wang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe enantioselective nitroaldol reactions of isatins with nitroalkanes were smoothly carried out by organocatalysis. A C6′‐OH cinchona alkaloid derivative bearing a C9‐OBn group exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency as an acid–base bifunctional catalyst for the nitroaldol reaction of isatins with nitromethane, providing 3‐hydroxy‐3‐(nitromethyl)indolin‐2‐ones in good yields (90–98 %) and with good to high enantiomeric excess values (72–95 %). The resultant oxindole derivatives are highly important for the synthesis of related natural products and pharmaceutically active compounds.
Poor Decision Making in Male Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Tchanturia Kate , Liao Pei‐Chi , Forcano Laura , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Uher Rudolf , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike , Penelo Eva , Granero Roser , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Sánchez Isabel , Campbell Iain C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveDecision making is impaired in female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), but it is unclear if the same impairment is present in male patients with AN.MethodDecision making was assessed in 48 AN individuals (19 male and 29 female patients) and 61 healthy controls (20 male and 41 female patients) using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).ResultsBoth male and female patients with AN performed significantly worse than healthy controls on the IGT. No gender differences in IGT performance were found across groups. Male patients had higher impulsivity scores, but impulsivity had not predicted poor decision‐making performance.DiscussionImpaired decision making is present in male and female patients with AN. These data suggest that male patients with AN are very similar to female patients in decision making, and as a result, treatment approaches that seek to improve this ability should be similar in both genders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex: Domain‐general or domain‐sensitive?
Authors: Wendelken Carter , Chung David , Bunge Silvia A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe ability to jointly consider several structured mental representations, or relations, is fundamental to human cognition. Prior studies have consistently linked this capacity for relational integration to rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC). Here, we sought to test two competing hypotheses: (1) RLPFC processes relations in a domain‐general manner, interacting with different brain regions as a function of the type of lower‐level relations that must be integrated; or (2) A dorsal‐ventral gradient exists within RLPFC, such that relational integration in the visuospatial domain involves relatively more dorsal RLPFC than integration in the semantic domain. To this end, we examined patterns of fMRI activation and functional connectivity during performance of visuospatial and semantic variants of a relational matching task. Across the two task variants, the regions that were most strongly engaged during relational comparison were left RLPFC and left intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Within left RLPFC, there was considerable overlap in activation for the semantic and visuospatial tasks. However, visuospatial task activation peaks were located dorsally to the semantic task peaks. In addition, RLPFC exhibited differential functional connectivity on the two tasks, interacting with different brain regions as a function of the type of relations being compared. While neurons throughout RLPFC may share the function of integrating diverse inputs, individual RLPFC neurons may have privileged access to particular representations depending on their anatomical inputs, organized along a dorsal‐ventral gradient. Thus, RLPFC is well‐positioned as a locus of abstraction from concrete, domain‐specific details to the general principles and rules that enable higher‐level cognition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc