bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer Simulation and the Philosophy of Science
Authors: Winsberg Eric 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere are a variety of topics in the philosophy of science that need to be rethought, in varying degrees, after one pays careful attention to the ways in which computer simulations are used in the sciences. There are a number of conceptual issues internal to the practice of computer simulation that can benefit from the attention of philosophers. This essay surveys some of the recent literature on simulation from the perspective of the philosophy of science and argues that philosophers have a lot to learn by paying closer attention to the practice of simulation.
New record of Compsidolon elaegnicola Yasunaga (Hemiptera: Miridae) from Korea
Authors: CHO Young Jae , KWON Yong Jung , SUH Sang Jae 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, two Korean Compsidolon species, C. salicellum (Herrich‐Schaeffer) and C. elaegnicola Yasunaga, were treated. Of these, C. elaegnicola Yasunaga, 1999, which was previously known only from Japan, is reported from Korea for the first time and diagnosed. A dorsal habitus image and illustrations of the male genitalia are provided.
Comparison of glutathione S‐transferase and general esterase in two bugs, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) and Brachynema germari Kolenati (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: RAMZI Samar , BANDANI Ali Reza , ZIBAEE Arash , KWON Ohseok 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGlutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) and general esterases play important roles in the detoxification of many substances including allelochemicals from plants and chemical pesticides. In this study, to determine the feeding status and effects of agronomical practices on GST and general esterase, two bug species, Eurygaster integriceps and Brachynema germari, were selected with differences in these cases. GST and general esterase responses varied when switching from 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and α‐naphtyl to 1,2‐dichloro‐4‐nitro‐benzene (DCNB) and β‐naphtyl in E. integriceps and B. germari, respectively. The activities of GST and esterase by using CDNB and α‐naphtyl were higher than that of DCNB and β‐naphtyl for both insects. It was shown that the optimal pH for GST and general esterase activity varied between pH 5.5 and 6. While the Michaelis constant (Km) value related to E. integriceps toward CDNB and α‐naphtyl was lower than Km for B. germari, Km values calculated for E. integriceps toward DCNB and β‐naphtyl corresponding to those related to A. hejeri were similar to CDNB and α‐naphtyl values. The maximal reaction velocity (Vmax) values related to E. integriceps for both substrates (CDNB and α‐naphtyl) were always higher than those from B. germari and showed significant differences. At the basement of the native‐PAGE electrophoresis, five bands were observed in for GST and three were visualized for B. germari, with a large, darker band for E. integriceps in the case of esterases. Studies on the detoxification enzymes of herbivores should be undertaken to determine accurately the effect of the host plants on the organisms eating them, particularly in terms of biochemical and ecological advantages.
Donor safety issues in high‐dose platelet collection using the latest apheresis systems
Authors: CHAUDHARY RAJENDRA , DAS SUDIPTA S. , KHETAN DHEERAJ , OJHA SHASHANK , VERMA SUNIL 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYThe practice of high‐yield or double‐dose platelet (DDP) collection through automated apheresis is gradually increasing. Very few studies have examined donor safety issues in DDP collection. The present study highlights the process of DDP donor selection as well as the product quality and donor safety issues on 67 donors. All procedures were performed following the departmental standard operating procedure. We observed a significantly higher mean platelet yield with the Amicus separator than the Fresenius separator (5.4 × 1011vs. 5.1 × 1011, P = 0.03). The Fresenius separator processed a mean blood volume of 3974 mL and collected a mean platelet amount of 444.9 mL, and these were significantly higher when compared with Amicus (P < 0.0001). Mean values of procedure‐related parameters, such as acid‐citrate‐phosphate volume, donation time, needle time, processing time and whole blood processed, and donor‐related parameters, like citrate toxicity and vasovagal reactions, were significantly higher during DDP than single‐dose platelet collection (P < 0.05). We conclude that obtaining eligible donors for DDP from a shrinking donor population with low normal platelet values is a difficult task. Therefore, each transfusion service should set their own guidelines for DDP collection with the objectives of donor safety and optimal product quality.
Changes in venous function after foam sclerotherapy of varicose veins
Authors: Brunken A , Rabe E , Pannier F 
Published: July 2009

Objectives Foam sclerotherapy of varicose veins has recently proven to be an effective, economic and safe treatment modality. The present study attempts to evaluate the haemodynamic changes after sclerotherapy in addition to the clinical results. Methods In a prospective observation trial, 67 sites (2/3 of which were recurrent varicose [RV] veins after previous treatment) in 53 patients were treated with polidocanol foam, and the results were assessed clinically, by duplex, photoplethysmography and strain gauge plethysmography. Results With the exception of two sites (3.0%), all treatments resulted at least in an improvement, and about 80% of the treated veins were completely occluded as demonstrated by duplex ultrasound examination. The haemodynamical results accordingly reflected a significant improvement of the venous function. Patients with post-thrombotic syndrome showed poorer results. Conclusion Foam sclerotherapy is a highly effective and safe method for the treatment of primary and RV veins.
Prospective five-year study of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of great saphenous vein reflux
Authors: Chapman-Smith P , Browne A 
Published: July 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term efficacy, safety and rate of recurrence for varicose veins associated with great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux treated with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS). Methods A five-year prospective study was performed, recording the effect on the GSV and saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) diameters, and reflux in the superficial venous system over time. UGFS was the sole treatment modality used in all cases, and repeat UGFS was performed where indicated following serial annual ultrasound. Results No serious adverse outcomes were observed – specifically no thromboembolism, arterial injection, anaphylaxis or nerve damage. There was a 4% clinical recurrence rate after five years, with 100% patient acceptance of success. Serial annual duplex ultrasound demonstrated a significant reduction in GSV and SFJ diameters, maintained over time. There was ultrasound recurrence in 27% at 12 months, and in 64% at five years, including any incompetent trunkal or tributary reflux even 1 mm in diameter being recorded. Thirty percent had pure ultrasound recurrence, 17% new vessel reflux and 17% combined new and recurrent vessels on ultrasound. Of all, 16.5% required repeat UGFS treatment between 12 and 24 months, but less than 10% in subsequent years. The safety and clinical efficacy of UGFS for all clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological elements classes of GSV reflux was excellent. Conclusion The popularity of this outpatient technique with patients reflects ease of treatment, lower cost, lack of downtime and elimination of venous signs and symptoms. Patients accept that UGFS can be repeated readily if required for recurrence in this common chronic condition. The subclinical ultrasound evidence of recanalization or new vein incompetence needs to be considered in this light.
New Insights into the Molecular Basis of the House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Response
Authors: Jacquet Alain 
Published: July 2009

House dust mite (HDM) represents world-wide one of the most common source of aeroallergens word-wide and more than 50% of allergic patients are sensitized to these allergenic molecules. Although the induction of specificTh2 cells as well as IgE by HDM is well understood, the events that control the initial Th2 polarization in response to HDM are still poorly defined. Notably, mechanisms by which HDM is recognized by the airway mucosa, interacts with barrier epithelial cells, leading to dendritic cell (DC) recruitment, activation, and subsequent Th2-mediated responses, remains to be elucidated. Moreover, whereas the allergenicity of the group 1 major mite allergens could be largely explained by their intrinsic proteolytic activity, the fundamental mechanistic question regarding the putative intrinsic allergenic properties of the group 2 major mite allergen remained unanswered to date.
This review summarizes new insights into diverse determinants that contribute to the HDM allergenicity. In addition to the auto-adjuvant capacity of the two major mite allergen Der p 1 and 2, due to proteolytic activity and functional mimicry of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) co-receptor MD2 respectively, contaminating factors derived from HDM carriers, mainly endotoxins (LPS) et β-glucans, are very important to activate the innate immune response which, in turns, is involved in the development of allergic response by HDM.
Population Viability Analysis and Genetic Diversity of the Endangered Red DeerCervus elaphusPopulation from Mesola, Italy
Authors: Zachos Frank E. , Hajji Ghaiet M. , Hmwe San San , Hartl Günther B. , Lorenzini Rita , Mattioli Stefano 
Published: July 2009

The Mesola red deerCervus elaphusin the Po delta are the only native red deer population on the Italian mainland and have been the focus of conservationists and wildlife biologists for some time. In our study, we present a genetic analysis of 25 Mesola red deer on the basis of 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci, aiming at estimating the population's genetic diversity and at providing information for a future genetic screening. In addition, we carried out a population viability analysis (PVA) with demographic and life‐history data available from a long‐term population survey, simulating different management scenarios. Genetic diversity was very low compared to the rest of Europe (observed and expected heterozygosity 0.50 and 0.61, respectively), and an overall excess of homozygosity was indicative of inbreeding. Calculations of the probability of identity and genotype mismatch frequencies suggested that between five and seven highly informative loci were sufficient to resolve individuals with reasonable certainty. The PVA yielded a generally poor outlook, but at the same time, it showed that management measures already taken significantly increased population viability. A sensitivity analysis revealed that inbreeding depression and possible catastrophes had a huge impact on the population's prospects. However, the establishment of two subpopulations and successful attempts at reducing the consequences of catastrophic events were able to significantly mitigate the harmful effects of both inbreeding and environmental stochasticity. These results, in particular the splitting of the population, may be of general interest to conservationists dealing with unique threatened populations.
Pattern of Metabolic Syndrome in Clinical Practice
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Haque Md Azizul , Ali ASM Shawkat , Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Hussain Sultana Monira , Azad Khan Abul Kalam , Hossain Ahmed 
Published: July 2009

1068 randomly sampled adult Bangladeshi people were studied during a period of six months from October 2004 to March 2005. It was a randomized, prospective study. Cases that fulfilled two criteria of metabolic syndrome (MetS) were evaluated to see pattern and types of MetS. Out of 1068 patients, 110 (10.3%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 101 (9.4%) cases were labeled as metabolic syndrome according to NCEP ATP III criteria, 09 cases had only two criteria. 40 cases were male & 70 cases were female (M:F= 1:1.8). Mean age of patients with was 44.88, ranging from the age of 20-68 years. Majority (55%) of the patients were in the age group of 30-49 years. Half of the cases had BMI 30-34.9. Mean body weight of male was 85.9 kg and of female was 78.2 kg. Mean waist circumference of male was 41.7 inches and of female 40 inches. Mean HDL for male was 38.3 mg/dL and for female is 40.2 mg/dL. Mean Triglyceride for male was 172.1 and for female was 169.3 mg/dL. Mean total cholesterol for male was 216.7 and for female was 207.6 mg/dL. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) for men is 162 mm Hg & diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 99 mm Hg and for female mean SBP 155 and DBP 96 mm Hg. Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in the 3rd and 4th decade of life in both sexes. It is almost twice common in female than male. Combination of hypertension, obesity & dyslipidemia comprises nearly 40% of its presentation. doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2813 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 48-51
Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology of Stroke :A Study of 100 Cases
Authors: Siddique Md Abu Naser , Nur Zannatun , Mahbub Md Shahriar , Alam Md Billal , Miah Md Titu 
Published: July 2009

The stroke patients comprise a large number of hospital admissions and stroke is one of leading cause of significant mortality and morbidity. This prospective observational study was carried out among 100 hospitalized stroke patients admitted into different medicine units of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), with a view to study clinical presentation and epidemiology of stroke. Data, collected in prescribed protocol, were analyzed in simple statistical percentage and cases were selected irrespective of age and sex. Stroke was found most commonly in 51-60 age group (45%in hemorrhagic and 51.75% in ischemic stroke).Most of the patients were male with male, female ratio 3:1 in hemorrhagic stroke and 1.35:1 in ischemic stroke. Most of the patients were from rural area (60% in hemorrhagic stroke and 57.5 in ischemic stroke). Ischemic stroke was found in 80% cases and hemorrhagic stroke was found in 20% cases. The commonest presentation in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was hemiplegia or hemiparesis. Rightsided hemiparesis was the predominant finding in both types. Headache (60%) and vomiting (75%) were found to be more common accompaniment of hemorrhagic stroke. In case of ischemic stroke the association with these clinical features was less marked where headache was present in 46.25% and vomiting in 40% cases. 50% of patients of hemorrhagic stroke presented with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) level 9-12(grade2) and 5% with GCS level 4 - 8(Grade 3). Whereas, 52.5% of patients of ischemic stroke presents with GCS 9-12 and also 46.25% with GCS13-14 (grade 1). Hypertension was the commonest risk factor associated with both types of stroke. In hemorrhagic stroke it was 80% and in ischemic stroke it was found in 56.25% eases. Smoking was associated with 50% of hemorrhagic and 55% of ischemic stroke. Diabetes mellitus was associated with 26.25% of ischemic stroke doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2820 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 86-89
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in 118 Coronary Angiographic Cases
Authors: Haque AFM Shamsul , Rabbani Md Golam , Hossain Muhammad Rabiul , Rashid Md Hayder , Mostafi Mamun , Rahman AKM Mijanur 
Published: July 2009

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third leading cause of hospital-acquired renal failure and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to find out the incidence and outcome of CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography using standard cardiac cath lab protocol. This observational study was carried out in patients undergoing Coronary angiography with or without Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in CMH Dhaka from July 2007 to July 2008. Exclusion criteria were chronic kidney disease (CKD), nephrotoxic medications, severe hypotension, severe heart failure (NYHA class IV) and severe anaemia. Out of 118 cases two demonstrated impaired renal function and both of them were diabetic. The incidence was found to be 1.69 % and outcome was satisfactory in these cases. Renal function of both the patients gradually became normal within next two weeks. No patient required dialysis. doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2822 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 94-96
Biochemical Cardiac Markers in Clinical Cardiology
Authors: Pasupathi Palanisamy , Rao Y Yagneswara , Farook Jawahar , Bakthavathsalam Govindaswamy 
Published: July 2009

Millions of patients present annually with chest pain, but only 10% to 15% have myocardial infarction. Lack of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of clinical and conventional markers prevents or delays treatment and leads to unnecessary costly admissions. Comparative data are lacking on the new markers, yet using all of them is inappropriate and expensive. The biochemical marker determination to clinical cardiology and discusses some important developments in this field. Biochemical markers play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), as witnessed by the incorporation of cardiac troponins into new international guidelines for patients with ACS and in the redefinition of myocardial infarction. Despite the success of cardiac troponins, there is still a need for the development of early markers that can reliably rule out ACS from the emergency room at presentation and also detect myocardial ischaemia in the absence of irreversible myocyte injury. The cardiac natriuretic peptides, Laboratory Medicine are also assuming a role in the assessment of cardiac function. Biochemical markers now play an important role in the detection of disease, risk stratification and the monitoring of therapy. Keywords: Biochemical markers, Myocardial infarction, Troponin, Brain natriuretic peptide doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2824 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 100-108
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: An Uncommon Presentation of Headache Mimicking Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Sultana Naima , Chowdhury Monzurul H , Mahbub Md Shahriar , Alam Md Billal 
Published: July 2009

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare disorder accounting for less than 1% of all strokes. It is more common in children and young adults. Here we report a rare and interesting case of cerebral venous l sinus thrombosis mimicking subarachnoid hemorrhage. A 40 years old women, presented with sudden onset of headache, vomiting and unconsciousness associated with convulsions. She had a history of taking oral contraceptives for the last 12 years. Clinical examinations showed ill-looking women with Glasgow Coma Scale of 12 along with neck rigidity and bilateral papilloedema. Although initially we suspected her as a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage, subsequent investigations with MRI and MRV showed to be a case of superior sagittal and transverse sinus thrombosis. Treatment with anticoagulation recovered her from headache and papilloedema. Serum levels of thrombophilic factors were within the normal physiological limits. Thus we concluded that although cerebral venous thrombosis is 100 times less than the cerebral arterial disease, a women presented with sudden onset of headache and vomiting with long term use of oral contraceptives, cerebral thrombosis should be considered as a differential. Key words: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis , Sagittal sinus thrombosis, Subarachnoid hemorrhage , Magnetic resonance venography. doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2826 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 115-118
Recurrent Metastasis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Cervical, Submandibular and Suboccipital Lymph Nodes
Authors: Mousavi Azam Sadat , Behnamfar Fariba , Mehrdad Nili 
Published: July 2009

Ovarian carcinoma is the second most common gynecologic cancer and the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy. The management of recurrent ovarian cancer has been individualized. Reports of recurrence in supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes are rare. We describe the finding of metastatic tumor involving cervical, submandibular and suboccipital lymph nodes in a 77-year-old patient with ovarian carcinoma. Keywords: scalene lymph node, ovarian cancer, lymphadenopathy, recurrence doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2830 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 128-131
Alveolar Macrophages Transport Pathogens to Lung Draining Lymph Nodes
Authors: Kirby Alun C. , Coles Mark C. , Kaye Paul M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The first step in inducing pulmonary adaptive immunity to allergens and airborne pathogens is Ag acquisition and transport to the lung draining lymph nodes (dLN). Dendritic cells (DC) sample the airways, and active transfer of Ag to the lung dLN is considered an exclusive property of migratory DC. However, alveolar macrophages (AM) are the first phagocytes to contact inhaled particulate matter. Although having well-defined immunoregulatory capabilities, AM are generally considered as restricted to the alveoli. We show that murine AM constitutively migrate from lung to dLN and that following exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae, AM rapidly transport bacteria to this site. Thus AM, and not DC, appear responsible for the earliest delivery of these bacteria to secondary lymphoid tissue. The identification of this novel transport pathway has important consequences for our understanding of lung immunity and suggests more widespread roles for macrophages in the transport of Ags to lymphoid organs than previously appreciated.
Sense of coherence and employees’ perceptions of helping and restraining factors in an organisation
Authors: Muller Yolande , Rothmann Sebastiaan 
Published: July 2009

The objectives of this study were to assess the construct validity and reliability of the 13-item version of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and to investigate whether employees with a strong sense of coherence perceived helping and restraining factors in their organisation differently to those with a weak sense of coherence. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The total population (N = 2 678) of employees in a financial institution in Gauteng participated in the study. The OLQ was administered and it showed acceptable reliability and construct validity. Individuals with high scores (n = 300) and those with low scores (n = 300) on sense of coherence differed regarding their perceptions of helping and restraining factors in their work and organisation.