bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of expanded‐EPDM as protecting layer for moderation of photo‐degradation in wood/NR composite for roofing applications
Authors: Yamsaengsung W. , Sombatsompop N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChanges in tensile properties, sample size, interfacial strength, and thermal conductivity of melt‐laminating layers of wood/ebonite natural rubber (NR) and expanded ethyelene–propylene diene rubber (EPDM) for polymeric roofing applications were monitored under a period of UV aging times for 60 days, the results being compared with single rubber layers of wood/NR and expanded‐EPDM. The experimental results suggested that the tensile modulus of the wood/NR‐EPDM melt‐laminating layer increased with increasing aging time. The tensile strength of the wood/NR layer decreased after prolonged UV aging, and positioned between that of the wood/NR and expanded‐EPDM layers. The sample size reduction of wood/NR layer with expanded‐EPDM top coating layer was lower than that for wood/NR single layer. The peel strength of the wood/NR‐EPDM melt‐laminating layer was found to decrease with increasing UV aging time as a result of delamination of the rubber layers. The thermal conductivity of the wood/NR‐EPDM melt‐laminating layer decreased from 0.085 to 0.070 W/m K with increasing aging times upto 40 days, but tended to increase to 0.080 W/m K at the aging time of 60 days. The experimental results in this work clearly suggested that expanded‐EPDM could be used as protecting layer, not only for moderation of photo‐oxidative degradations of wood/NR layer for roofing application, but also for minimization of dimension changes of the wood/NR‐EPDM melt‐laminating layer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane/organoclay nanocomposites by melt intercalation technique: Effect of nanoclay on morphology, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties
Authors: Barick A. K. , Tripathy D. K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by melt blending. Organically modified nanoclay was added to the TPU matrix in order to study the influence of the organoclay on nanophase morphology and materials properties. The interaction between TPU matrix and nanofiller was studied by infrared spectroscopy. Morphological characterization of the nanocomposites was carried out using X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The results showed that melt mixing is an effective process for dispersing OMMT throughout the TPU matrix. Nanocomposites exhibit higher mechanical and thermal properties than pristine TPU. All these properties showed an increasing trend with the increase in OMMT content. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that incorporation of organoclay enhances the thermal stability of nanocomposites significantly. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the melting point and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of soft segments, which was found to shift toward higher temperature with the inclusion of organoclays. From dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, it is seen that addition of OMMT strongly influenced the storage and loss modulus of the TPU matrix. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of the nanocomposites were explored using rubber process analyzer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Catalytic activity of Schiff base cobalt(III) complexes immobilized on terpolymers of glycidyl methacrylate in the addition of carboxylic acids to terminal epoxides
Authors: Bukowska Agnieszka , Bukowski Wiktor , Noworól Jarosław 
Published: March 2010

AbstractImmobilization of Schiff base cobalt(III) complexes on a gel‐type terpolymer obtained from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA, 20 mol %), styrene (S, 77 mol %) and diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (DMDMG, 3 mol %) was carried out using a multi‐step procedure. GMA resin was reacted first with an excess of diamine (ethylenediamine, trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane or 1,3‐diaminopropane) and then with salicylaldehyde (non‐substituted or its 3,5‐dichloro‐ and 3,5‐di‐t‐butyl‐substituted derivatives). Series of salicylaldimine ligands immobilized on the polymer matrix obtained in this way were then applied to complex cobalt ions from solution of cobalt(II) acetate in the mixture of MeOH and CH2Cl2 (1/3 V/V). Obtained polymer bound cobalt salicylaldimine complexes were tested as catalysts of the addition of aliphatic carboxylic acids to terminal epoxides. It was found that the catalysts with 1,2‐diamine moieties are clearly more active than the complexes with 1,3‐diaminopropane one. Furthermore, the studies showed the highest activity of the complex with 3,5‐di‐t‐butylsalicylaldehyde moiety and the least with 3,5‐dinitrosalicylaldehyde one. The negative effect of methacrylic acid on the rate of the addition was also found. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermally expandable microspheres with excellent expansion characteristics at high temperature
Authors: Jonsson Magnus , Nordin Ove , Kron Anna Larsson , Malmström Eva 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThermally expandable core/shell particles with a poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methacrylonitrile) shell and a hydrocarbon core (blowing agent) have been prepared by suspension polymerization. The objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the parameters determining the expansion properties of these microspheres. It was found that the amount, the boiling point, and the structure of the blowing agent are important parameters for the expansion properties. For example, a higher maximum expansion was reached when using bulkier blowing agents and thus a lower diffusion rate through the polymer shell. Further, the amount and structure of the crosslinker were also found to be essential for the expansion properties. For this particular system, it was found that a dimethacrylate‐functional crosslinker gave significantly better expansion when compared with diacrylate‐ or divinylether‐based crosslinkers. Beside these parameters, it was also observed that the particle‐size distribution influence the expansion properties of the microspheres. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effects of nutrition and origin on the amino acid, grease, and suint composition and color of cashmere and guard hairs
Authors: McGregor B. A. , Tucker D.J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNutritional and environmental effects on the amino acid, wax, and suint contents and color of raw cashmere were investigated. Cashmere was obtained from goats fed with or without dietary protected protein, goats fed different levels of dietary energy and feeds, and goats from Australia, China, and Iran. The determined attributes included the production, diameter, length, fiber curvature, crimp, wax and suint contents, amino acid composition, lightness, and yellowness of cashmere. The content of suint, but not that of wax, was affected by nutrition management. The amino acid composition of cashmere was affected by the energy and protein nutrition, feed type, and country of origin. The amino acid composition of cashmere was different from that of guard hair. The lightness and yellowness of cashmere was affected by the nutrition treatment, grazing, cashmere production, and sum of the wax and suint contents of the raw cashmere. The variation in the amino acid composition of cashmere likely affected both its physical and chemical reactivity. Nutrition manipulation of cashmere goats and the origin of goats have implications with respect to the properties of cashmere as changes in fiber cell biosynthesis can alter the amino acid composition of the fiber. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermal curing of glass‐epoxy prepregs by luminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Sales R. C. M. , Diniz M. F. , Dutra R. C. L. , Thim G. P. , Dibbern‐Brunelli D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the application of the luminescence spectroscopy technique in steady‐state conditions to study glass fiber‐epoxy F161 prepregs. We conducted this study by comparing the results obtained from the intrinsic fluorescence with Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy. The extrinsic fluorescence of 9‐anthroic acid (9‐AA) was also used. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used to characterize the epoxide resin. The prepregs containing 9‐AA and those that did not were heat‐treated at 177°C (F161) for 1100 min at a 2°C/min heating rate. The results obtained by both methods indicated that the crosslinking reaction could be monitored by analysis of the spectral changes of the emission bands of the prepreg and 9‐AA. The intrinsic emission at 320 nm was attributed to the fluorophore group containing the epoxy ring and was used to calculate the conversion degree. The photophysical behavior of the 9‐AA probe indicated a reduction of free volume of the polymeric matrix with curing process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Crystallization behavior of poly(L‐lactic acid)/montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Huang Su‐Mei , Hwang Jiunn‐Jer , Liu Hsin‐Jiant , Lin Li‐Huei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this study, we modified montmorillonite (MMT) with dilauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) and then exfoliated the structures in a poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) matrix. We used polar optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to examine the morphologies of the resulting composites, differential scanning calorimetry to study the melting and crystallization behavior, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy to measure the influence of the intermolecular interactions between PLLA and MMT on the isothermal crystallization temperature. We found that the DDAB‐modified MMT was distributed uniformly in the PLLA matrix. At temperatures ranging from 130 to 140°C, the crystalline morphology resembled smaller Maltese cross‐patterned crystallites; at temperatures from 150 to 170°C, however, the number of crystallites decreased, their sizes increased, and they possessed ringed spherulite structures. In the XRD spectra, the intensity of the diffraction peaks of the 200/110 and 203 facets of the PLLA/MMT nanocomposites decreased as the crystallization temperature increased. In the FTIR spectra, the absorption peak of the CO groups split into two signals at 1748 and 1755 cm−1 when the isothermal crystallization temperature was higher than 140°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and Antineoplastic Activity of O‐Alkylated Derivatives of 7‐Hydroximinoandrost‐5‐ene Steroids
Authors: Bansal Ranju , Guleria Sheetal , Ries Christina , Hartmann Rolf W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVaried positioning of the hydroximino group on the parental steroid skeleton results in remarkable changes in the antineoplastic activity profile of the compounds. Here, the compound 7‐oximino‐5‐androstene and its O‐alkylated derivatives have been prepared and screened for cytotoxic and aromatase inhibitory activity. The steroidal 7‐oximino ether derivatives exhibited insignificant cytotoxic effects when screened against three cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 (breast), NCl‐H460 (lung), and SF‐268 (CNS) at 100 μM. However, the imidazolyl‐substituted steroidal oxime ethers displayed moderate inhibition of cytochrome P450 aromatase.
Rheumatoid arthritis risk allele PTPRC is also associated with response to anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapy
Authors: Cui Jing , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Thomson Brian , Padyukov Leonid , van der Helm‐Van Mil Annette H. M. , Nititham Joanne , Hughes Laura B. , de Vries Niek , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Alfredsson Lars , Askling Johan , Wedrén Sara , Ding Bo , Guiducci Candace , Wolbink Gert Jan , Crusius J. Bart A. , van der Horst‐Bruinsma Irene E. , Herenius Marieke , Weinblatt Michael E. , Shadick Nancy A. , Worthington Jane , Batliwalla Franak , Kern Marlena , Morgan Ann W. , Wilson Anthony G. , Isaacs John D. , Hyrich Kimme , Seldin Michael F. , Moreland Larry W. , Behrens Timothy W. , Allaart Cornelia F. , Criswell Lindsey A. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Tak Paul P. , Bridges S. Louis , Toes Rene E. M. , Barton Anne , Klareskog Lars , Gregersen Peter K. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Plenge Robert M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveAnti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti‐TNF) therapy is a mainstay of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to test established RA genetic risk factors to determine whether the same alleles also influence the response to anti‐TNF therapy.MethodsA total of 1,283 RA patients receiving etanercept, infliximab, or adalimumab therapy were studied from among an international collaborative consortium of 9 different RA cohorts. The primary end point compared RA patients with a good treatment response according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria (n = 505) with RA patients considered to be nonresponders (n = 316). The secondary end point was the change from baseline in the level of disease activity according to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (▵DAS28). Clinical factors such as age, sex, and concomitant medications were tested as possible correlates of treatment response. Thirty‐one single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of RA were genotyped and tested for any association with treatment response, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsOf the 31 RA‐associated risk alleles, a SNP at the PTPRC (also known as CD45) gene locus (rs10919563) was associated with the primary end point, a EULAR good response versus no response (odds ratio [OR] 0.55, P = 0.0001 in the multivariate model). Similar results were obtained using the secondary end point, the ▵DAS28 (P = 0.0002). There was suggestive evidence of a stronger association in autoantibody‐positive patients with RA (OR 0.55, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.39–0.76) as compared with autoantibody‐negative patients (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.41–1.99).ConclusionStatistically significant associations were observed between the response to anti‐TNF therapy and an RA risk allele at the PTPRC gene locus. Additional studies will be required to replicate this finding in additional patient collections.
Does pregnancy provide vaccine‐like protection against rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Guthrie Katherine A. , Dugowson Carin E. , Voigt Lynda F. , Koepsell Thomas D. , Nelson J. Lee 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have evaluated the correlation between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk and pregnancy history, with conflicting results. Fetal cells acquired during pregnancy provide a potential explanation for modulation of RA risk by pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of parity on RA risk.MethodsWe examined parity and RA risk using results from a population‐based prospective study in Seattle, Washington and the surrounding area and compared women who were recently diagnosed as having RA (n = 310) with controls (n = 1,418). We also evaluated the distribution of parity in cases according to HLA genotype.ResultsWe found a significant reduction of RA risk associated with parity (relative risk [RR] 0.61 [95% confidence interval 0.43–0.86], P = 0.005). RA risk reduction in parous women was strongest among those who were younger. Most striking was that RA risk reduction correlated with the time that had elapsed since the last time a woman had given birth. RA risk was lowest among women whose last birth occurred 1–5 years previously (RR 0.29), with risk reduction lessening progressively as the time since the last birth increased (for those 5–15 years since last birth, RR 0.51; for those >15 years, RR 0.76), compared with nulliparous women (P for trend = 0.007). No correlation was observed between RA risk and either age at the time a woman first gave birth or a woman's total number of births. Among cases with the highest genetic risk of RA (i.e., those with 2 copies of RA‐associated HLA alleles), a significant underrepresentation of parous women versus nulliparous women was observed (P = 0.02).ConclusionIn the present study, there was a significantly lower risk of RA in parous women that was strongly correlated with the time elapsed since a woman had last given birth. While the explanation for our findings is not known, HLA‐disparate fetal microchimerism can persist many years after a birth and could confer temporary protection against RA.
Near‐infrared lymphatic imaging demonstrates the dynamics of lymph flow and lymphangiogenesis during the acute versus chronic phases of arthritis in mice
Authors: Zhou Quan , Wood Ronald , Schwarz Edward M. , Wang Yong‐Jun , Xing Lianping 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an in vivo imaging method to assess lymphatic draining function in the K/BxN mouse model of inflammatory arthritis.MethodsIndocyanine green, a near‐infrared fluorescent dye, was injected intradermally into the footpads of wild‐type mice, mouse limbs were illuminated with an 806‐nm near‐infrared laser, and the movement of indocyanine green from the injection site to the draining popliteal lymph node (LN) was recorded with a CCD camera. Indocyanine green near‐infrared images were analyzed to obtain 5 measures of lymphatic function across time. Images of K/BxN arthritic mice and control nonarthritic littermates were obtained at 1 month of age, when acute joint inflammation commenced, and again at 3 months of age, when joint inflammation became chronic. Lymphangiogenesis in popliteal LNs was assessed by immunochemistry.ResultsIndocyanine green and its transport within lymphatic vessels were readily visualized, and quantitative measures were derived. During the acute phase of arthritis, the lymphatic vessels were dilated, with increased indocyanine green signal intensity and lymphatic pulses, and popliteal LNs became fluorescent quickly. During the chronic phase, new lymphatic vessels were present near the foot. However, the appearance of indocyanine green in lymphatic vessels was delayed. The size and area of popliteal LN lymphatic sinuses progressively increased in the K/BxN mice.ConclusionOur findings indicate that indocyanine green near‐infrared lymphatic imaging is a valuable method for assessing the lymphatic draining function in mice with inflammatory arthritis. Indocyanine green–near‐infrared imaging of K/BxN mice identified 2 distinct lymphatic phenotypes during the acute and chronic phase of inflammation. This technique can be used to assess new therapies for lymphatic disorders.
Anatomical Sciences Education vol. 3, issue 2, 2010 cover image
Authors: Darda David M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBiology undergraduate students learn about vertebrate skull structure, function, and evolution. In the Integrative Anatomy course at Central Washington University, students gain a broad perspective on vertebrate (including human) anatomy, histology, and embryology in an evolutionary context. In this issue of ASE, Darda summarizes data gathered from biology departments at fouryear undergraduate institutions in Washington State and suggests how the undergraduate anatomy curriculum might be modified to meet student needs (both pre‐health career students and “regular” biology majors) given the constraints of staffing and time. Pictured in the photograph (taken by CWU photographer Richard Villacres) are Dr. David Darda (on the right) and his students Jessica Christnacht, Tyler Dexter and Spencer Moen.
Query polyrepresentation for ranking retrieval systems without relevance judgments
Authors: Efron Miles , Winget Megan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRanking information retrieval (IR) systems with respect to their effectiveness is a crucial operation during IR evaluation, as well as during data fusion. This article offers a novel method of approaching the system‐ranking problem, based on the widely studied idea of polyrepresentation. The principle of polyrepresentation suggests that a single information need can be represented by many query articulations–what we call query aspects. By skimming the top k (where k is small) documents retrieved by a single system for multiple query aspects, we collect a set of documents that are likely to be relevant to a given test topic. Labeling these skimmed documents as putatively relevant lets us build pseudorelevance judgments without undue human intervention. We report experiments where using these pseudorelevance judgments delivers a rank ordering of IR systems that correlates highly with rankings based on human relevance judgments.
A robust benchmark for the h‐ and g‐indexes
Authors: Abramo Giovanni , D'Angelo Ciriaco Andrea , Viel Fulvio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe use of Hirsch's h‐index as a joint proxy of the impact and productivity of a scientist's research work continues to gain ground, accompanied by the efforts of bibliometrists to resolve some of its critical issues through the application of a number of more or less sophisticated variants. However, the literature does not reveal any appreciable attempt to overcome the objective problems of measuring h‐indexes on a large scale for purposes of comparative evaluation. Scientists may succeed in calculating their own h‐indexes but, being unable to compare them to those of their peers, they are unable to obtain truly useful indications of their individual research performance. This study proposes to overcome this gap, measuring the h‐ and Egghe's g‐indexes of all Italian university researchers in the hard sciences over a 5‐year window. Descriptive statistics are provided concerning all of the 165 subject fields examined, offering robust benchmarks for those who wish to compare their individual performance to those of their colleagues in the same subject field.
Unusual Chiral Transfer in Radical Copolymerization of Vinyl Monomers Bearing Side‐on p‐Terphenyl Pendants
Authors: Cui Jiaxi , Liu Anhua , Cao Hongqing , Wan Xinhua , Zhou Qifeng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRadical copolymerization of a chiral monomer, (+)‐2,5‐bis[4′‐((S)‐2‐methylbutoxy)phenyl]styrene and an achiral monomer, 2,5‐bis(4′‐hexyloxyphenyl)styrene, is carried out in anisole at 90 °C with benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The resultant optically active helical copolymers show an unusual linear relationship between optical activity and composition, in sharp contrast with Green’s “sergeants‐and‐soldiers” and “majority” rules. Analysis of the polarimetry, circular dichroism, and chain extension results suggest that the weak steric interaction between the propagation helical radical and the incoming monomer drove the copolymer chain to grow in a specific direction. Moreover, the helical macroinitiator is successfully used to induce the helix‐sense‐selective atom transfer radical polymerization of an achiral analogous monomer to yield optically‐active block copolymers, which indicate a convenient way to prepare helical polymers with an excess screw sense from an achiral monomer by means of radical polymerization.
Les Sohettes: A model for integrated biorefineries
Authors: Baylis Alan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWith its abundant supply of biomass and its network of farmer cooperatives, companies, universities and research centers, Les Sohettes is a model integrated biorefinery. Alan Baylis takes a closer look and examines what the future holds for the French biorefinery. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd