bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ methods for measuring the inherent optical properties of ocean waters
Authors: Bricaud Annick , Roesler Collin , Zaneveld J. Ronald V. 
Published: May 2010

In situ attenuation (488 and 660 nm), absorption (488, 676, and 750 nm), backscattering (at 488 nm), and stimulated fluorescence were determined as functions of depth in oceanic and coastal waters off Oregon, using both commercial instruments and recently developed prototypes. The inability to perfectly constrain scattered light in these instruments necessitates correction to retrieve accurate optical coefficients. Because scattering is usually one order of magnitude higher than absorption, the correction is most critical for absorption coefficients. A correction procedure based on values obtained with the absorption meter in the infrared region (750 nm) was used to correct the measured spectral absorption coefficients. Realistic values of the backscattering coefficient were obtained from a prototype instrument, although accurate calibration could not be performed for this study.These measurements resulted in the first‐ever data set ofin situ profiles of attenuation, absorption, scattering, backscattering, and the backscattering ratio. The blue and red attenuation coefficients were tightly correlated, with a relationship varying from site to site. The red‐to‐blue absorption ratio varied both from site to site and vertically, indicating changes in the relative concentrations of chlorophyllous (phytoplankton) and nonchlorophyllous (biogenous or mineral) particles. The backscattering ratio also appeared to be very sensitive to vertical changes in particle composition. The in situ scattering coefficients were compared to those estimated with a Mie scattering model, using measured particle size distributions and particulate absorption coefficients as input parameters. By allowing the real part of the refractive index of particles to vary over the range of realistic values, convergence between measured and modeled values was obtained.
Bacterial secondary production in oxic and anoxic freshwaters
Authors: Cole Jonathan J. , Pace Michael L. 
Published: May 2010

Across a series of nine lakes that ranged from ultraoligotrophic to eutrophic, bacterial production was greatest in anoxic hypolimnetic water despite lower hypolimnetic temperatures. Mean (by lake) aerobic bacterial production ranged from 2.6 to 17 mg C m−3d−1 while mean anaerobic bacterial production ranged from 1.1 to 47 C mg C m−3d−1. Overall mean anaerobic bacterial production was 1.6 times greater than mean aerobic bacterial production. The relatively high rates of bacterial production in anoxic waters are due to larger bacterial populations growing slightly more slowly than their aerobic counterparts. Our data suggest that bacterial production in cold, anoxic water is as large or larger than that in warm, oxic surface waters and bacterial production in anoxic water is much greater than aerobic bacterial production at comparable temperatures.We measured hypolimnetic accumulation of dissolved inorganic C to estimate the minimum possible growth efficiency for hypolimnetic bacteria. Growth efficiency, bacterial production/(bacterial production+bacterial respiration), ranged from 6 to 40% and averaged from 16 to 30% in anoxic water, depending on how it was calculated. The growth efficiency of anaerobic bacteria is about equal to that reported for aerobic bacteria.
Methane dynamics across a tidally flooded riverbank margin
Authors: Kelley Cheryl A. , Martens Christopher S. , Ussler William 
Published: May 2010

The cycling of methane across the soils of the tidally flooded bank margins in the tidal freshwater portion of the White Oak River estuary, North Carolina, was investigated from October 1990 to November 1991. A comparison between these bank edges and adjacent submerged stations was made. The bank stations showed large seasonal variations in methane production rates, with very little being produced in winter and large amounts (up to 1,000 mg m−2 d−1) during summer. This seasonality seems to be linked to the cycle of growth and senescence of vascular plants growing in these soils. In contrast, the submerged stations produced smaller amounts of methane year‐round, with moderate increases during summer. Vascular plants are not rooted in these submerged sediments.Seasonal variations in methane production rates at the tidally flooded bank stations led to significant changes in the dissolved methane pool sizes. Although production rates and pore‐water concentrations increased with seasonal increases in soil temperatures, the flux of methane to the atmosphere remained fairly low and variable. Methane flux varied with stage of the semidiurnal tidal cycle and exhibited a bimodal distribution, with fluxes greatest when the water level was nearest the soil surface. During summer months, methane production was up to 10 times greater than its flux to the atmosphere. This large difference between production and flux is attributed mainly to bacterially mediated methane oxidation at the soil surface during low‐tide exposure and(or) in the root zone of plants. However, in midsummer, lateral export of dissolved methane from the bank soils, driven by tidal flushing, may account for almost 30% of this discrepancy between production and flux.
Influences of absorption and scattering on vertical changes in the average cosine of the underwater light field
Authors: Berwald Juli , Stramski Dariusz , Mobley Curtis D. , Kiefer Dale A. 
Published: May 2010

The average cosine of the underwater light field (µ̄) is a simple quantity that describes the angular distribution of radiance at a given point. A model of the rate of vertical change of µ̄ in the ocean was developed in order to examine the influences of light absorption and scattering. We made calculations of radiative transfer based on invariant imbedding theory assuming an optically homogeneous ocean with a typical scattering phase function and the simple boundary conditions of the sun overhead in a black sky and a flat ocean surface. Under such conditions, the decrease of µ̄ throughout the water column is well approximated by a single exponential function. The dependence of the parameter Pτ, which describes the rate of change of µ̄ with optical depth, on the single‐scattering albedo ωo, is well approximated by a quadratic function. By applying a linearization technique to the Pτ vs. ωo relationship, we identified the contributions of absorption and scattering to Pτ. Our results indicate that scattering is the more important process, contributing > 50% to Pτ for typical situations when ωo > 0.1. Absorption dominates Pτ when ωo < 0.1, which occurs only in very clear oceanic water at long wavelengths (>650 nm). Our analysis of the effect of scattering phase function shows that the scattering into the middle angles, approximately between 20° and 45°, largely determines the magnitude of Pτ. Using spectral bio‐optical models with several Chl concentrations, we also examined the rate of change in µ̄ with geometric depth Pz for various water types with realistic values of the absorption and scattering coefficients. This analysis shows large variations in both the magnitude and the spectral behavior of Pz with varying Chl concentration.
The attenuation of solar UV radiation in lakes and the role of dissolved organic carbon
Authors: Morris Donald P. , Zagarese Horatio , Williamson Craig E. , Balseiro Esteban G. , Hargreaves Bruce R. , Modenutti Beatriz , Moeller Robert , Queimalinos Claudia 
Published: May 2010

Diffuse attenuation coefficients (Kd) for solar UV radiation (UVR) (305, 320, 340, 380 nm, and PAR) were measured in the mixed layer of 65 lake sites in Alaska, Colorado, and Pennsylvania and the Bariloche region of Argentina. Integrated mixed layer samples of lake water were concurrently collected, and a multivariate approach was used to model Kd with a number of optical and chemical variables.Substantial variation in transparency was observed among lakes. Attenuation depths (z1%) for UV‐B radiation ranged from several centimeters to > 10 m. In some shallow, low DOC (dissolved organic C) lakes typical of high elevation ecosystems, substantial fluxes of UVR penetrated the entire water column. In deeper lakes with low DOC concentrations, high fluxes of UVR were found in a significant proportion of the mixed layer. Much of the among‐lake variation in Kd (87–96%) was explained by differences in DOC concentration, which strongly influenced dissolved absorbance. On average, dissolved absorbance accounted for between 33% (for PAR) and 68% (for 305 nm) of Kd measured in situ. Throughout the solar UV‐A and UV‐B range, Kd was best estimated with a univariate power model based solely on DOC concentration. Models are also presented that relate absorption coefficients to Kd. These models can be used with archival DOC or color data to provide approximate estimates of UV transparency of lakes.
Generation of a Chattonella antiqua bloom by imposing a shallow nutricline in a mesocosm
Authors: Watanabe Masataka , Kohata Kunio , Kimura Toshihiko , Takamatsu Takejiro , Yamaguchi Shin‐ichiro , Ioriya Teru 
Published: May 2010

A mesocosm was installed in the Seto Inland Sea where outbreaks of Chattonella antiqua (red tide) have frequently been observed. An artificial, shallow (6‐m depth) nutrient stratification analogous to that observed with C. antiqua in nature was imposed. The initial bottom temperature of 20–22°C was optimum for C. antiqua excystment as seeding, and the surface temperature of 25–27°C was optimum for growth. Excess nitrogen and phosphate compared with silicate changed the phytoplankton community from a mixture of diatoms and dinoflagellates to one of dinoflagellate dominance. Absence of copper toxicity was essential for growth of C. antiqua. Cessation of vertical circulation promoted accumulation of dinoflagellates at the water surface, and selective grazing toward small‐size dinoflagellates by zooplankton controlled the population of dinoflagellates.C. antiqua could reach a depth of 7.5 m during diel vertical migration, and its migration speed was ~0.8 m h‒1; upward and downward speeds were the same. Outbreaks of C. antiqua were favored by artificial eutrophication and subsequent maintenance of a stable, shallow nutricline at a depth (6 m) such that C. antiqua could take up nutrients in the nutrient‐rich lower layer at night.
Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamides containing meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid end groups
Authors: Özeroğlu Cemal , Bi̇rdal Arzu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBy using meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid‐cerium(IV) sulfate and meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid‐potassium permanganate redox systems, the polymerization reaction of acrylamide (AAm) monomer was examined in aqueous acidic medium at low temperatures. Water‐soluble polyacrylamides bearing meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid end groups were synthesized using meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid as a reducing agent. The effects of parameters such as the molar ratio of acrylamide to initiator, temperature, polymerization time, and sulfuric acid concentration on the yields and molecular weights of polymers were investigated. The augmentation in initiator concentration resulted in a decrease in molecular weight but an increase in the yield of polymers. The increase in reaction temperature from 20 to 60°C led to a decrease in the yield from 56.80% to 20.58%. Ce(IV) and Mn(VII) ions are reduced to Ce(III) and Mn(II) ions in the polymerization reaction and the synthesized acrylamide polymers containing meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid end groups can absorb these ions at the end of the polymerization reaction. Ultraviolet‐visible and atomic absorption measurements of polymer solutions were performed to indicate complexation between polyacrylamide and Ce(III) ions or Mn(II) ions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:45–53, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20180
Systematic optimization for the evaluation of the microinjection molding parameters of light guide plate with TOPSIS‐based Taguchi method
Authors: Su Te‐Li , Chen Hua‐Wei , Lu Chieh‐Fu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA back light module is a key product for providing sufficient light source for a liquid crystal display (LCD). The light guide plate (LGP), used to increase the light usage rate, is a key component in the back light module. This study researches the microinjection molding process parameters and the quality performance of the LGP. Its purpose was to develop a combining Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with the Taguchi method. This is to optimize the multiquality performance of the LGP for the injection molding manufacturing process, in which both the LCD and the LGP spontaneously produce the best quality performance for V‐cut depth and angle. First, an L18 orthogonal array was planned for the manufacturing parameters that affect the microinjection molding process. These included cooling time, mold temperature, melt temperature, injection speed, injection pressure, packing pressure, packing switching, and packing time. The TOPSIS was used to deal with the single‐quality optimization disadvantage of the Taguchi method. Then, the TOPSIS response table was used to obtain the optimized manufacturing parameters combination for a multiresponse process optimization. From the analysis of variance, the significant factors for the quality performance of the LGP could be obtained. In other words, by controlling these factors, it was possible to efficiently control the quality performance of the LGP. Finally, with the five verified experiments, the optimized processing parameters came within a 95% confidence interval. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:54–63, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20181
ChemInform Abstract: Bonding and Stability of the Hydrogen Storage Material Mg2NiH4
Authors: Haeussermann Ulrich , Blomqvist Helen , Noreus Dag 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New CuM2/3Sb1/3O2 and AgM2/3Sb1/3O2 Compounds with the Delafossite Structure.
Authors: Nagarajan R. , Uma S. , Jayaraj M. K. , Tate J. , Sleight A. W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Approaches to Monophosphate Fluoride Ceramics: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Na2Mg(PO4)F and Sr5(PO4)3F.
Authors: Swafford Sean H. , Holt Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Chemistry and Magnetism of Tb3+‐β′′‐Alumina (Tb0.46Al10.62Mg0.38O17).
Authors: Soetebier Frank , Urland Werner 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a New Aurivillius Phase.
Authors: Martinez‐Sarrion M.‐L. , Mestres L. , Herraiz M. , Balagurov A. M. , Beskrovniy A. I. , Vasilovskij S. G. , Smirnov L. S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approaches to Fluorinated Ligands and Their Application in Catalysis.
Authors: Chen Weiping , Xu Lijin , Hu Yulai , Osuna Anna M. Banet , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallations and Reactions with Electrophiles of 4‐Isopropyl‐5,5‐diphenyloxazolidin‐2‐one (DIOZ) with N‐Allyl and N‐Propargyl Substituents: Chiral Homoenolate Reagents.
Authors: Gaul Christoph , Seebach Dieter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective Chiral ortho‐Substituted BINAPO Ligands (o‐BINAPO): Applications in Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenations of β‐Aryl‐Substituted β‐(Acylamino)acrylates and β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Zhou Yong‐Gui , Tang Wenjun , Wang Wen‐Bo , Li Wenge , Zhang Xumu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Class of Nonbiaryl Atropisomeric P,O‐Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Dai Wei‐Min , Yeung Kelly Ka Yim , Liu Jin‐Teng , Zhang Ye , Williams Ian D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Acylpyridazine‐3‐ones: Novel Mild and Chemoselective Acylating Agents for Amines.
Authors: Kang Young‐Jin , Chung Hyun‐A , Kim Jeum‐Jong , Yoon Yong‐Jin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed, Efficient and Mild Procedure for Highly Chemoselective Acetalization of Carbonyl Compounds under Neutral Aprotic Conditions.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Golshani Behzad 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Safe and Facile Solid State Regeneration of Carbonyl Compounds from Oximes by Silica Supported MnO2 under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Khadilkar Bhushan M. , Madyar Virendra R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protection of Amino Group as N‐Phthalyl Derivative Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Khadilkar Bhushan M. , Madyar Virendra R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective “Non‐Aqueous Hydrolysis” of Oximes with Iodic Acid in Dichloromethane under Mild, Heterogeneous Conditions.
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sosale , Gopalaiah Kovuru 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to a Photocleavable Protecting Group for Alcohols.
Authors: Epling Gary A. , Provatas Anthony A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Base‐Promoted Ring Opening/Brook Rearrangement/Allylic Alkylation of O‐Silyl Cyanohydrins of β‐Silyl‐α,β‐epoxyaldehydes.
Authors: Takeda Kei , Kawanishi Eiji , Sasaki Michiko , Takahashi Yuji , Yamaguchi Kentaro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Approach for Catalytic Cyclopropanation of Alkenes via (2‐Furyl)carbene Complexes from 1‐Benzoyl‐cis‐1‐buten‐3‐yne.
Authors: Miki Koji , Nishino Fumiaki , Ohe Kouichi , Uemura Sakae 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Ketones with Chloroarenes.
Authors: Ehrentraut Andreas , Zapf Alexander , Beller Matthias 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Baylis—Hillman Reaction of Arylaldehydes with Phenyl Vinyl Ketone, Phenyl Acrylate, and Phenyl Thioacrylate.
Authors: Shi Min , Li Chao‐Qun , Jiang Jian‐Kang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.