bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary incontinence: Comparison study to identify the type, incidence and risk factors between admitted women and the general population in Al-Kharj city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alasmi Raed Abdullah , Saqyan Turki M. Bin , Alanazi Lafi F. , Alharbi Moaath F. , Alashgae Abdulrahman F. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the involuntary loss of urine. The condition can happen in both genders, but more frequently in women. There are multiple known risk factors for UI. For women, multiparity, previous vaginal deliveries, and menopause are known risk factors for UI. To diagnose UI, three steps should be done, including the patient history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The options management of UI includes conservative, medical, and surgical, a trial of conservative treatment is recommended by all guidelines before medical or invasive surgical therapy. Conservative therapies include behavioral therapy, physical therapy, and timed voiding.

Aim:
Our aim in this study is to estimate the prevalence of UI in admitted women and the general population and to compare UI between the general population and admitted women in Al-Kharj city.

Material:
A quantitative cross-sectional study of 108 women admitted to maternity and children’s hospital and 435 women from the general population of Al Kharj city, Saudi Arabia, between January and March 2021, aged 18+ years. A hard copy questionnaire was distributed to admitted patients at maternity and children’s hospital, and an electronic questionnaire was distributed by social media to the general population.

Result:
The prevalence of UI in the general population was reported by 132 women (30%). Seventy-four out of 132 women have stress UI (56%), 45 women have urge UI (34%), and the remaining 13 women have mixed UI (10%). The prevalence in admitted women was reported by 38 out of 108 women (35%). Twenty-four out of 38 women have stress UI (63%), 10 women have urgency UI (26%), and the remaining four women have mixed UI (11%).

Conclusion:
UI is a common health problem in our society. Risk factors for UI are advanced age, multi parity, chronic disease, and obesity.
A comparative study of air pyelogram and contrast pyelogram for initial puncture access and to see its efficacy during percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Sharma Amit Kumar , Sharma Shweta , Swain Samir , Goel Gourab , Gujela Ajit , Hota Datteswar , Mohapatra Biswajit , Sharma Bhoopendra 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The current investigation was aimed to compare the safety, efficacy, adverse effects, and outcome of air pyelogram versus contrast pyelogram for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted from August 2018 to November 2020, which included 400 patients with a clinical diagnosis of renal calculus and randomly (1:1) assigned into Group I (air pyelogram) and Group II (contrast pyelogram). Air was injected in Group I and diatrizoate meglumine 76% was used in Group II for PCS identification. In the case of difficulty in visualization in either group, a mixture of contrast and air was used. The following parameters were assessed: duration of access, total duration of radiation exposure during access, total attempts needed to puncture the desired calyx, failure rate, complications, and outcomes.

Results:
Both the groups were comparable including renal calculus characteristics. The mean (standard deviation) duration of access was 3.08 (1.21) and 5.23 (1.02) min (P < 0.0001) in Groups I and II, respectively; in 85% and 57.5% of patients (P < 0.0001), respectively, the caliceal puncture was done in a single attempt. The duration of radiation exposure was more in Group II (P < 0.0001). The failure rate (22%) was higher and statistically significant in Group II. The stone clearance rate was not statistically significant between the groups (P = 0.380). No patient had hypoxia, cardiopulmonary complications, and air embolism in perioperative period.

Conclusion:
Air contrast is effective and safe, and it reduces the duration of caliceal puncture and radiation exposure with lower failure rate. If both air and contrast fail, a combination of both may be effective.
Urodynamic profile of lower urinary tract symptoms in young men
Authors: Manohar C S , Rajawat Mahatab Singh , Keshavamurthy R , Chouhan Prashant Kumar , Poonawala Ali 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
To evaluate the impact of urodynamic study (UDS) in the management of young men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs).

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective, observational study of urodynamic findings of 128 patients presented with LUTS at the Department of Urology, Institute of Nephrourology, Bangalore, over a period of 5 years (August 2014 to July 2019). Pre- and post-UDS diagnoses as well as treatment modalities were compared to evaluate the usefulness of UDS.

Results:
A total of 110 patients (86%) had abnormal UDS findings. Before UDS, 55 (43%) patients were clinically diagnosed for overactive bladder; after UDS, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) was seen in 32 (25%) patients and detrusor overactivity in 18 (14.1%). Clinically, BOO was diagnosed in 36 (28.1%) patients; however, urodynamic findings of BOO were seen only in 23 (18%) patients. Pre-UDS, bladder underactivity was suspected in 23 (18%); however, underactive detrusor was noted in 20 (15.6%) patients, and 3 (2.4%) patients were normal on UDS. Post-UDS, antibiotics were not prescribed to anyone. 18 (14%) patients underwent surgery after UDS confirmation of BOO. 67 patients (52.3%) had their clinical diagnosis changed following UDS. Concomitant changes in the management were required for 59 patients (46%).

Conclusion:
Etiologies of LUTSs in young men are more varied. Clinical diagnosis and treatment are often empirical and inaccurate. UDS is useful to achieve accurate diagnosis and to guide appropriate treatment. Video urodyanamics should be used to evaluate LUTS in young men.
Clinical study of anticoagulant therapy in patients with severe coronavirus disease
Authors: Zhou Peng , Cai Chuan-Qi , Li Jin-Song , Jiang Huan-Zong , Ke Zun-Xiang , Zhang Shan , Wang Zhong-Jian , Yang Chao , Li Qin , Li Yi-Qing 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
The prognosis of COVID-19 is related to thrombotic events. This study investigated prognostic risk factors, anticoagulant therapy effects, and potential instruction of treatment or prognostic with D-dimer in patients with severe COVID-19 receiving anticoagulant therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We undertook a retrospective study of 87 severe COVID-19 patients who had prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) therapy. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether high-flow oxygen therapy was required during hospitalization: Better and poor prognoses.

RESULTS:
Multivariate logistic regression using risk factors measured before LMWH therapy revealed that older age (P < 0.035) and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P = 0.002) had a prognostic value. Anticoagulant therapy yielded significant changes in CRP levels (P < 0.001), white blood cell counts (P = 0.001), neutrophil counts (P < 0.001), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (P < 0.001), eosinophil counts (P = 0.031), and D-dimer levels (P < 0.001) in the better prognosis group and in D-dimer levels (P = 0.043) only in the poor prognosis group. Prognoses at different D-dimer levels at anticoagulant therapy initiation varied. Among 47 and 40 patients with D-dimer levels ≤4 and >4 μg/ml fibrin equivalent unit (FEU), 33 (70.6%) and 18 (45%) had better prognosis (P = 0.012), respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Anticoagulant therapy reduced inflammation in patients with better prognosis; conversely, minimal effect was observed in those with poor prognosis. During LMWH therapy patients with D-dimer levels, patients receiving anticoagulant therapy at D-dimer levels ≤4 μg/ml FEU had a better prognosis than those at >4 μg/ml FEU.
Psychological effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic on medical students
Authors: Guan Qinghua , Guo Lianrui , Tong Zhu , Wu Yingfeng , Gu Yongquan , Guo Jianming 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
This study investigated the psychological effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on medical students in China.

METHODS:
In February 2020, an online survey was performed using a WeChat app with an online survey program to collect and analyze the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health of medical students across China.

RESULTS:
Overall, 757 medical students responded to the survey. About 2.24% reported middle and high levels of anxiety since the COVID-19 outbreak began, and 14.40% reported middle and high levels of depression. Bachelor's students and those whose residence registration was located in a rural area were more likely to have anxiety and depression, compared with postgraduates and students whose residence registration location was an urban area, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The COVID-19 epidemic is associated with a low but real rate of psychological trauma in the medical students of China, and protective programs are needed to lessen this adverse effect.
Microembolic signal detection in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulant
Authors: d'Alessandro Alessandro , Mandolesi Sandro , Niglio Tarcisio , Massimo Mancone , Francesco Fedele , d'Alessandro Aldo 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-known risk factor for embolic stroke. The incidence of stroke in patients with AF is 4.5% per year. In 93% of cases, strokes in patients with AF are of embolic origin. Trans Cranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring of silent micro-embolic signals (MES) can represent an effective preclinical tool for verifying the efficacy of embolic events in patients treated with antithrombotic prophylaxis (antiplatelet agents, Vitamin K inhibitors, and new oral anticoagulants direct thrombin inhibitors).

METHODS:
We enrolled 16 patients, of both sexes equally distributed (M = 8 plus F = 8) with a known diagnosis of AF with Ejection Fraction greater of 40%, all in anticoagulant treatment by direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and we assessed, through the use of a portable TCD-X, the MES signals during physical activity of 1 h. The aim was of evaluating whether the physical activity of a subject affected by AF worsens the incidence of MES in these subjects.

Result:
25% of patients presented a MES at the time of registration. Two female of 38 and 75 year-old. and two male of 70 and 71 year-old. The 75-year-old woman reported an episode of instability while walking; therefore it was increased her anticoagulant treatment. Men did not perceive the MES.

CONCLUSION:
Both sexes reported the presence of MES equally with a prevalence of 25%. By correlating these results with those of the literature, it is deduced that physical activity is, therefore, not a risk factor for these patients being treated with DOACs. The TDC-X registration implemented is relatively short compared to the current potential of the device which is over 6 h; therefore, it is desirable that further studies be performed in future on statistically adequate sample cohorts and simultaneous bilateral recordings of MES.
Front location determines convergence rate to traveling waves
Authors: An Jing , Henderson Christopher , Ryzhik Lenya 
Published: May 2024

We propose a novel method for establishing the convergence rates of solutions to reaction–diffusion equations to traveling waves. The analysis is based on the study of the traveling wave shape defect function introduced in An et. al. [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 247 (2023), no. 5, article no. 88]. It turns out that the convergence rate is controlled by the distance between the
phantom front location
for the shape defect function and the true front location of the solution. Curiously, the convergence to a traveling wave has a pulled nature, regardless of whether the traveling wave itself is of pushed, pulled, or pushmi-pullyu type. In addition to providing new results, this approach dramatically simplifies the proof in the Fisher–KPP case and gives a unified, succinct explanation for the known algebraic rates of convergence in the Fisher–KPP case and the exponential rates in the pushed case.
Development and validation of a predictive model for acute-on-chronic liver failure after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jin Ya-Ni , Sun Chang , Zhang Xiao-Feng , Li Rui-Qi , Yin Qin , Chen Jin-Jun , Zhuge Yu-Zheng 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a cause of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).
AIM
To investigate the risk factors of ACLF within 1 year after TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and construct a prediction model.
METHODS
In total, 379 patients with decompensated cirrhosis treated with TIPS at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from 2017 to 2020 were selected as the training cohort, and 123 patients from Nanfang Hospital were included in the external validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors. The prediction model was established based on the Akaike information criterion. Internal and external validation were conducted to assess the performance of the model.
RESULTS
Age and total bilirubin (TBil) were independent risk factors for the incidence of ACLF within 1 year after TIPS. We developed a prediction model comprising age, TBil, and serum sodium, which demonstrated good discrimination and calibration in both the training cohort and the external validation cohort.
CONCLUSION
Age and TBil are independent risk factors for the incidence of ACLF within 1 year after TIPS in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Our model showed satisfying predictive value.
Італійсько-радянська нафтова угода 1960 р. у контексті європейської енергетичної безпеки
Authors: Дьомін О.Б. , Самофатов М.І. 
Published: May 2024

11 жовтня 1960 р. між італійською державною енергетичною компанією Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ЕНІ) та радянським «Союзнафтоекспортом» було укладено угоду про експорт до Італії партії нафти на 100 млн. дол. США в обмін на труби великого діаметру, машинне устаткування, шини та технічну допомогу. Ця угода, незважаючи на свій суто економічний характер, суттєво вплинула на міжнародну політичну обстановку свого часу.
По-перше, ця угода продемонструвала небезпечну тенденцію до встановлення економічної співпраці між країнами Європейської економічної спільноти та СРСР, незважаючи на приналежність до ворогуючих таборів «холодної війни». Невдовзі після її підписання Європейська економічна спільнота була змушена переглянути свою політику в енергетичній сфері та вперше ввести поняття «енергетична безпека» до офіційних документів.
По-друге, угода між ЕНІ та «Союзнафтоекспортом», в якій ціна нафти була нижче за загальносвітову, слугувала приводом для НАТО заявити про існування радянського плану Soviet Oil Offensive. Згідно тогочасних звітів, СРСР планував експортувати величезні обсяги до країн Західної Європи в обмін на зміну їх політичної позиції на більш нейтральну. В результаті проведених досліджень Економічний комітет НАТО та Конгрес США обмежились виданням рекомендацій щодо продовження вивчення планів СРСР з розширення торгівлі із країнами Західної Європи та встановлення лімітів на імпорт радянської нафти.
По-третє, непрямим наслідком підписання цієї угоди стало утворення Організації країн-експортерів нафти, яка побоювалася демпінгу ціни на нафту через появу нового конкурента. В 1960 р. заснування цієї організації лишилося непоміченим, однак в подальшому вона значно вплинула на розвиток історії останньої третини XX ст.
Таким чином, дослідження обставин підписання італійсько-радянської нафтової угоди 1960 р. дозволяє простежити формування проблеми європейської енергетичної безпеки, яка є актуальною для країн Європейського Союзу і в наш час.
Appointment to Iran’s Cabinet
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
On the second-to-last day of 1975, the UN-designated International Women’s Year, Prime Minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda called to ask the author to join the cabinet as Iran’s first-ever Minister of State for Women’s Affairs. She accepted without hesitation. With little previous knowledge of the political sphere and little experience of diplomacy, the author quickly learned the difference between public activism and effective action inside the government and how to function in government to achieve progress for women. The author secured the support of Queen Farah, whose backing was important because of her position; because of the network of organizations the Queen headed, organizations whose work was interconnected with the WOI’s; and because the Queen’s support would have a positive influence on wider cooperation.
Indigenuity
Authors: Wigginton Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For hundreds of years, American artisanship and American authorship were entangled practices rather than distinct disciplines. Books, like other objects, were multisensory items all North American communities and cultures, including Native and settler colonial ones, regularly made and used. All cultures and communities narrated and documented their histories and imaginations through a variety of media. All created objects for domestic, sacred, curative, and collective purposes. In this innovative work at the intersection of Indigenous studies, literary studies, book history, and material culture studies, Caroline Wigginton tells a story of the interweavings of Native craftwork and American literatures from their ancient roots to the present. Focused primarily on North America, especially the colonized lands and waters now claimed by the United States, this book argues for the foundational but often-hidden aesthetic orientation of American literary history toward Native craftwork. Wigginton knits this narrative to another of Indigenous aesthetic repatriation through the making and using of books and works of material expression. Ultimately, she reveals that Native craftwork is by turns the warp and weft of American literature, interwoven throughout its long history.
Slavery and the Newspaper
Authors: Hutchins Zachary McLeod 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The introduction presents the book’s three main arguments: first, that the eighteenth-century newspaper was filled with accounts of slavery, many of which should be read as slave narratives; second, that eighteenth-century men and women were actively engaged readers who imaginatively reconstructed narratives about slavery from textual fragments found in the newspaper and other sources; and third, that throughout the eighteenth century, narratives of slavery were always implicitly—and sometimes explicitly—associated with global politics and foreign relations. Black African readers such as Peter, who worked in the Fleet publishing house of Boston, were among the many colonial Americans who pieced together accounts of black African agency and accomplishment from brief mentions in the newspaper and other textual ephemera.
Introduction
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Introduction outlines the key concepts of the book: Removal, territory, and statehood. It argues that states’ rights logics are the essential glue that holds the US colonial project together because states affirm white male possession of rights and land. Reading Territory turns to states’ rights and statehood crises for so-called Georgia, Florida, Kansas, Cuba, and Oklahoma to demonstrate the influential role of print and visual culture, especially that of newspapers and printed land surveys, in asserting territoriality, community, and dissent. More specifically, the sovereign printscapes of Black and Native newspapers. Nineteenth-century state formation was about imagining into being states under contradictory, inconsistent logics that stood in opposition to relational forms of territoriality and belonging. In order to dismantle the violent networks of US occupation and extraction across the globe, we must understand how Indigenous dispossession and anti-Blackness scaffold the white possessive project of states’ rights.
Vestibular Function is Associated with Prefrontal and Sensorimotor Cortical Gray Matter Volumes in a Cross-Sectional Study of Healthy, Older Adults
Authors: Padova Dominic , Faria Andreia , Ratnanather J. Tilak , So Raymond J. , Zhu Stanley , Agrawal Yuri 
Published: May 2024

Background The vestibular system is associated with alterations in the structure and function of the central nervous system. Yet, whether age-related vestibular loss is related to volume loss in the cerebral cortical areas that have been reported to receive vestibular input remains unknown. In this cross-sectional study of 117 healthy, older adults from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we examine the relationships between age-related vestibular functions and the gray matter volumes of the prefrontal cortex and its subregions and of the sensorimotor cortex—regions known to process vestibular information. Methods T1-weighted MRI scans were automatically segmented using MRICloud. Log-linear multiple regression was used to investigate the relationships between average regional volume and vestibular function, adjusting for age, sex, and intracranial volume. Permutation testing was used for hypothesis testing, and bootstrapping was used to estimate confidence intervals. Results We found that age-related changes in vestibular end-organ function are associated with differentially altered gray matter volumes in the prefrontal and sensorimotor cortices, with many findings persisting when considering left (or right) side only. Concomitant with age-related, global brain atrophy, lower canal and utricular function were associated with additional volume atrophy of the prefrontal cortex and middle frontal gyrus, respectively. Lower saccular and utricular function were associated with the preservation of the volumes of the sensorimotor cortex and the pole of the superior frontal gyrus, respectively, against age-related, global brain atrophy. Canal and utricular function were not associated with the volumes of the sensorimotor cortex, and saccular function was not associated with the relative volumes of the prefrontal cortex. Conclusion Together, these findings of relative volume preservation or additional atrophy suggest that vestibular function may play a role in the resilience to or magnification of global age effects on cerebral cortical structure.
A new generalized beta function associated with statistical distribution and fractional kinetic equation
Authors: Panwar Savita , Rai Prakriti , Pandey Rupakshi Mishra 
Published: May 2024

Several authors have extensively investigated beta function, hypergeometric function and confluent hypergeometric function, their extensions and generalizations due to their several application in many areas of engineering, probability theory and science. The main purpose of this paper is to present a new generalization of extended beta function, hypergeometric function and confluent hypergeometric function with the help of m-parameter Mittag-Leffler function, as well as examine some important properties like integral representations, differential formula and summation formulas. We also examine generalized Caputo fractional derivative operator with the help of m-parameter Mittag-Leffler function with associated properties using the generalized beta function. We define a new beta distribution involving the new generalized beta function. The mean, variance, coefficient of variance, moment generating function and characteristic function and cumulative distribution are derived. Further, we derive the solution of fractional Kinetic equation involving generalized hypergeometric function.