bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary quotients of the Toeplitz algebra of the affine semigroup over the natural numbers
Authors: BROWNLOWE NATHAN , AN HUEF ASTRID , LACA MARCELO , RAEBURN IAIN 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe study the Toeplitz algebra 𝒯(ℕ⋊ℕ×) and three quotients of this algebra: the C*-algebra 𝒬ℕ recently introduced by Cuntz, and two new ones, which we call the additive and multiplicative boundary quotients. These quotients are universal for Nica-covariant representations of ℕ⋊ℕ× satisfying extra relations, and can be realised as partial crossed products. We use the structure theory for partial crossed products to prove a uniqueness theorem for the additive boundary quotient, and use the recent analysis of KMS states on 𝒯(ℕ⋊ℕ×) to describe the KMS states on the two quotients. We then show that 𝒯(ℕ⋊ℕ×), 𝒬ℕ and our new quotients are all interesting new examples for Larsen’s theory of Exel crossed products by semigroups.
Ushering in the Millennium, Or How an American City Reversed the Past and Single-Handedly Inaugurated the End-Time
Authors: Chevedden Paul E. 
Published: April 2011

The story of millennialism extends down the ages from the ancient Near East to the present. In his seminal study on the origins of millennialism,Cosmos, Chaos and the World to Come: The Ancient Roots of Apocalyptic Faith, Norman Cohn exclaims, “What a story it has become!”Much theological speculation; innumerable millenarian movements, including those now flourishing so vigorously in the United States; even the appeal once exercised by Marxist-Leninist ideology – all this belongs to it. Nor is there any reason to think that the story is nearing its end. The tradition whose origins are studied in this book is still alive and potent. Who can tell what fantasies, religious or secular, it may generate in the unforseeable future?What fantasies, indeed!All scholars who have studied millennialism have investigated unsuccessful movements, or movements that have yet to succeed, that is, achieve the millennium. This essay explores a successful millennial movement, one that has already ushered in the messianic age. Although this achievement is restricted geographically — to a city — it is nonetheless of major significance. Not only did this millennial movement receive support from the U.S. federal government, but it also accomplished its goal prior to the turn of the millennium.
Escape from Marseille: An American Story? Writing Victor Serge's, Laurette Séjourné's, Dwight and Nancy Macdonald's Balzacian Book
Authors: Bush Clive 
Published: April 2011

Occupying part of a single paragraph in the published autobiography, Memoirs of a Revolutionary, the Polish-Belgian novelist, journalist, and revolutionary, Victor Serge, almost casually speaks of his escape in 1941 to Mexico from Marseille in Vichy France:Some of us whose lives were in danger eventually made our exit. The Battle of the Visas which their friends have had to wage for their sake would stand some description: a single escape would provide material for a book of Balzacian proportions, packed with unexpected incidents and dark happenings behind the scenes.
The Etiquette of Grief: A Literary Generation's Response to Death
Authors: Aaron Daniel 
Published: April 2011

In October 1854, a Georgia clergyman wrote to his son a circumstantial account of a death in the family. The deceased, a younger brother of the clergyman's wife, had contracted yellow fever and died in his twenty-ninth year. The letter-writer reports every detail he can remember:We found your uncle in the shed room off the parlor pulseless, his hands blackened, the blood settling under the nails, perfectly calm and conscious when roused, then falling into sleep. He turned over and gave me his hand, saying, “What do you think of my case?” He had taken much quinine, and was then taking brandy at intervals; his hands and feet rubbed with brandy and pepper, and blisters applied on legs, thighs, stomach, breast, and arms and back of neck. Every effort made to bring on reaction. Your dear mother rubbed his hands and arms incessantly, others his feet.A version of this essay was delivered as the Kenneth B. Murdock Memorial Lecture at Leverett House, Harvard University, March 8, 1978.
Again with Fair Creation: Holy Places in American Literature
Authors: Benoit Raymond 
Published: April 2011

When the Reverend Mr. Wilson confronts the little girl Pearl in The Scarlet Letter (Chapter 8), his mind is stymied by the fullness of her being, but his imagination responds to what she is and nostalgically recalls a religion and its sacramental art that could comprehend in her what baffles the Puritan and Ramistic approach of either/or: “Methinks I have seen just such figures, when the sun has been shining through a richly painted window, and tracing out the golden and crimson images across the floor. But that was in the old land.” It seems that ever since the Puritan logic of exclusion our major writers have longed for such an “imagined place” as the floor of the church in the old land,Where finally the way the world feelsreally means how things are,in dear detail,by ideal light all around us.
The Predicament of Progress in the Period of Transcendentalism
Authors: Gonnaud Maurice 
Published: April 2011

To a degree incomprehensible today, when we have been surfeited by holocausts and are haunted by the notion of entropy, the first generation of transcendentalists – that of Emerson and Ripley, as opposed to that of Thoreau and Whitman – grew up in the certainty that progress was consubstantial with history and shared in the untroubled sureness of history's course. In 1823 Emerson noted in his journal:The lively fancy of some men has induced them to entertain fanciful anticipations of the progress of Mankind, and of radical revolutions in their manners, passions and pursuits … But the quiet wisdom of History as she winds along her way through sixty centuries, speaks of no wonders, and of little glory … The most rapid progress of civilization in a community is so gradual that it is unmarked.
“Assume an Identity of Sentiment”: Rhetoric and Audience in Emerson's “Divinity School Address”
Authors: Railton Stephen 
Published: April 2011

In “the american scholar” Emerson defines the problem of his vocation: The “duties” of the scholar are such as become Man Lecturing. His “office” is an explicitly rhetorical one: “to cheer, to raise, and to guide men.” The most requisite virtue for this task is “self-trust”; yet as Emerson elaborates on his public role, it turns out that he really means trust in the possibility of communion with his audience:For the instinct is sure that prompts him to tell his brother what he thinks. He then learns that in going down into the secrets of his own mind, he has descended into the secrets of all minds. He learns that he who has mastered any law in his private thoughts, is master to that extent of all men whose language he speaks, and of all into whose language his own can be translated. The poet in utter solitude remembering his spontaneous thoughts and recording them, is found to have recorded that which men in crowded cities find true for them also. The orator distrusts at first the fitness of his frank confessions, – his want of knowledge of the persons he addresses, – until he finds that he is the complement of his hearers; – that they drink his words because he fulfils for them their own nature; the deeper he dives into his privatest secretest presentiment, – to his wonder he finds this is the most acceptable, most public, and universally true. The people delight in it; the better part of every man feels, This is my music; this is myself.
Faces and Places in the South in the 1930s: A Portfolio
Authors: White Robert 
Published: April 2011

In the spring of 1935, while the United States was still reeling from the economic collapse of 1929, and while the Democratic administration was attempting to ward off opponents on both the Right and the Left, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established by executive order an independent governmental agency charged with the task of alleviating one of the nation's most chronic and deep-rooted social ills: widespread rural poverty. The Resettlement Administration (RA) was largely the brainchild of Rexford Guy Tugwell, a member of Roosevelt's inner circle of advisers who had been serving as Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, and Tugwell was made head of the new agency. The Resettlement Administration was not lavishly financed (its funds derived from the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of April, 1935, which specifically appropriated money “for rural rehabilitation and relief in stricken agricultural areas”), but it quickly found itself dealing with a large number of diverse and frequently intractable programs and problems. As originally set up, The Resettlement Administration had a threefold mission: (1) the establishment of a land use program that would deal with such problems as soil erosion and flood control; (2) the inception of resettlement projects in both rural and suburban areas; and (3) the establishment of a loan and grants program for impoverished farmers. Soon after it got under way, the RA was given the task of working out a program of debt consolidation and adjustment between farmers and their creditors, and it also took on the job of improving conditions in migratory labor camps.The author is grateful to the American Council of Learned Societies for a Grant-in-Aid, which assisted in the preparation of this portfolio of photographs, and to the Library of Congress for its cooperation.
The Long Ordeal of Modernization Theory
Authors: Hoover Dwight 
Published: April 2011

The concept of modernization has its roots deep in nineteenth-century German sociology, reaching back to Toennies' distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, to Weber's discussion of the process of increasing rationalization in society, and to Durkheim's contrast between organic and mechanical solidarity in different communities. One of the best descriptions of the two kinds of society envisaged by this idea of modernization has been given by the American anthropologist Robert Redfield:One may conceive of a society, the Gemeinschaft, characterized by absolute unity derived from the intimate contacts of communal personal association and participation in common values. Here the will of the individual is spontaneous and affective. On the other hand, one may conceive of a society, the Gesellschaft, in which unity is highly individualizing and differentiating.
The need to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity at the high latitude site, South Georgia
Authors: Barnes D.K.A. , Collins M.A. , Brickle P. , Fretwell P. , Griffiths H.J. , Herbert D. , Hogg O.T. , Sands C.J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe multilateral failure to apply the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) by the target year 2010 was headline news as are the accelerating climatic changes which dictate its urgency. Some ecosystems that are vulnerable to anthropogenic change have few species listed as endangered because too little is known about their biota. The highest vulnerability may correspond to where hotspots of species endemism, range limits and physiological sensitivity overlap with areas of most rapid physical change. The old, large and remote archipelago of South Georgia is one such location. Sea-surface temperatures around South Georgia are amongst the most rapidly warming reported. Furthermore oceanographic projections are highlighting the region as extremely vulnerable to ocean acidification. We outline the first polar Darwin Initiative project and the technical advances in generating an interactive and fully integrated georeferenced map of marine biodiversity, seabed topography and physical oceanography at South Georgia. Mapping marine mega and macro-faunal biodiversity onto multiple physical variables has rarely been attempted. This should provide a new tool in assessing the processes driving biological variability, the importance of marine areas in terms of ecosystem services, the threats and vulnerabilities of Polar Regions and should greatly aid implementation of the CBD.
Cognitive Activities During Adulthood Are More Important than Education in Building Reserve
Authors: Reed Bruce R. , Dowling Maritza , Tomaszewski Farias Sarah , Sonnen Joshua , Strauss Milton , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Mungas Dan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCognitive reserve is thought to reflect life experiences. Which experiences contribute to reserve and their relative importance is not understood. Subjects were 652 autopsied cases from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and the Religious Orders Study. Reserve was defined as the residual variance of the regressions of cognitive factors on brain pathology and was captured in a latent variable that was regressed on potential determinants of reserve. Neuropathology variables included Alzheimer's disease markers, Lewy bodies, infarcts, microinfarcts, and brain weight. Cognition was measured with six cognitive domain scores. Determinants of reserve were socioeconomic status (SES), education, leisure cognitive activities at age 40 (CA40) and at study enrollment (CAbaseline) in late life. The four exogenous predictors of reserve were weakly to moderately inter-correlated. In a multivariate model, all except SES had statistically significant effects on Reserve, the strongest of which were CA40 (β = .31) and CAbaseline (β = .28). The Education effect was negative in the full model (β = –.25). Results suggest that leisure cognitive activities throughout adulthood are more important than education in determining reserve. Discrepancies between cognitive activity and education may be informative in estimating late life reserve. (JINS, 2011, 17, 615–624)
Relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population: the Hong Kong Dietary Survey
Authors: Yu Ruby , Woo Jean , Chan Ruth , Sham Aprille , Ho Suzanne , Tso Annette , Cheung Bernard , Lam Tai Hing , Lam Karen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults.DesignA prospective cohort study. Dietary assessment was carried out using a validated FFQ. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Dietary glycaemic load and variety of snacks were also calculated.SettingA hospital-based centre at the Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong SAR, China.SubjectsA total of 1010 Chinese adults aged 25–74 years who participated in a territory-wide dietary and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence survey in 1995–1996 were followed up for 9–14 years for the development of diabetes.ResultsA total of 690 (68·3 %) individuals completed follow-up during 2005–2008 and seventy-four cases of diabetes were identified over the follow-up period. Four dietary patterns were identified (‘more snacks and drinks’, ‘more vegetables, fruits and fish’, ‘more meat and milk products’ and ‘more refined grains’). After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, alcohol intake, participation in exercise/sports and family history of diabetes, the more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with a 14 % lower risk (OR per 1 sd increase in score = 0·76; 95 % CI 0·58, 0·99), whereas the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with a 39 % greater risk of diabetes (OR per 1 sd increase in score = 1·39; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·84). Dietary glycaemic load, rice intake, snack intake and variety of snacks were not independently associated with diabetes.ConclusionsThe more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with reduced risk and the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with an increased risk of diabetes.
Eating behaviour and its association with social living conditions and weight status among adolescent girls: results of the cross-sectional Berlin School Children's Cohort study
Authors: Bau Anne-Madeleine , Krull Sarah , Ernert Andrea , Babitsch Birgit 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo capture a more holistic picture of eating behaviour by investigating the impact of the social living conditions and weight status of parents and daughters on food consumption frequency, the context of meals and daily portion sizes.DesignCross-sectional Berlin School Children's Cohort study.SettingA total of sixty-nine schools in Berlin (3 400 000 inhabitants, eastern Germany) participated in the present study.SubjectsA total of 1519 girls aged 11–14 years were selected. Bi- and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the impact of age, migration background, socio-economic status (SES), parental education, family situation and the weight status of parents and daughters on three different eating behaviour scores according to nutritional recommendations.ResultsFor the three dependent eating behaviour variables, different patterns of influencing factors emerged. Multivariate regression (model 1) revealed that low and middle SES, two-parent migration background and older age were significant risk factors. Meal context was also significantly influenced by living with a single parent. Similar results were obtained for the daily portion size scores and maternal overweight status was the most influential. Model 2 succeeded in showing that, within the composite variable of family SES, mothers’ level of education was the dominant component.ConclusionsSES as a whole, and especially the component of mothers’ level of education and two-parent migration background, was the strongest risk factor for an unfavourable eating pattern among adolescent girls. The results clearly indicated preventive potential. Using three different measures of eating behaviour simultaneously provided an in-depth understanding of general patterns and potential risk factors.
Can Hawaiian carnivorous caterpillars attack invasive ants or vice versa?
Authors: Sugiura Shinji 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Hawaiian Islands have allowed insects to evolve unique habits, because the islands are isolated and originally lacked predators, such as ants and wasps. Ambush carnivorous caterpillars (Eupithecia spp.; Lepidoptera: Geometridae) provide a remarkable example of a feeding behaviour unique to the Hawaiian Islands. Their prey includes various arthropods species. Eupithecia larvae even attack predatory arthropods such as parasitoids. However, it is unclear whether Eupithecia can attack ants. Here, I examined whether Eupithecia orichloris can attack the invasive ant Pheidole megacephala under laboratory conditions. Eupithecia orichloris could successfully attack the minor worker of P. megacephala. However, the major worker of P. megacephala counterattacked.
Why plants lose their inhibitions in the Arctic: functional traits, phylogenetics and respiration in the light
Authors: Mirotchnick Nicholas , Atkin Owen , Cadotte Marc , Turnbull Matthew , Griffin Kevin 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background/Questions/Methods:
Arctic vegetation represents a significant portion of the world’s global carbon stocks and is particularly sensitive to global climate change. Net plant carbon exchange depends on both photosynthesis and respiration, the latter of which is poorly understood in arctic ecosystems and yet is highly sensitive to global environmental change.Mitochondrial respiration can confound measurements of photosynthesis and thus is often isolated by measuring it in the dark. We also know,however, that respiration can be inhibited by light, which complicates extrapolations from measurements in darkness. Furthermore, the extent of this inhibition may be unique in arctic ecosystems as a result of the constant daylight they receive during growing seasons.We applied the Kok method to a survey of forty of the most common tundra plants found in communities surrounding the Toolik Lake Long Term Ecological Research Site in Alaska’s North Slope. The Kok method segregates rates of respiration in the dark and those in the light by applying incrementally decreasing light levels to leaves. Using this approach, we were able to compare these different rates and determine the extent of light inhibition across a variety of species, functional groups and habitat types.

Results/Conclusions:
Respiration is less inhibited by light in the Arctic than it is expected to be based on observations from lower latitudes. We measured several functional traits in order to identify the mechanisms plants have used to acclimatize to constant daylight. Carbohydrate content,photosynthetic capacity (Amax) and specific leaf area (SLA) were significant predictors of levels of inhibition. There did not appear to be a significant effect of functional group membership on inhibition. We detected considerable intraspecific variation in trait values and levels of inhibition and thus species identity did not explain variation in inhibition. Preliminary tests for effects of evolutionary history on levels of inhibition indicate that inhibition may be lower in plants that have diversified at higher latitudes.These results underline the importance of accounting for respiration in the light in arctic carbon models. Arctic carbon stocks may be significantly lower than previously thought since current estimates don’t include respiration in the light.
Gene diversity among some endogamous population of Amravati District, Maharashtra, India.
Authors: Tekade Rupali , Warghat Nandkishor , Baig M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe present work deals with the distribution of ABO, Rh and sickling alleles as markers to study the genetic structure and micro-demarcation among castes and tribal populations from the Amravati district of Maharashtra. Three loci namely, ABO, Rh and sickling were selected to measure the relative frequency of respective alleles in ten (10) endogamous populations inhabiting the Amravati District. The ABO locus was found to be less polymorphic when compared with other loci. On the other hand, Rh and sickling loci were found to be more polymorphic. Construction of a dendrogram using allele frequency data reveals an interesting relationship among the caste and tribe. An analysis shows three major clades comprising A, B and C. Clade A comprises Islamic Dawoodi Bohra and Hindu Gujrati. Clade B comprises the upper castes, Brahmin, Jain, Kashmiris and Kunbis, while Clade C shows Gonds and Katchhi. This study is a first attempt to provide a genetic landscape of castes and tribes inhabiting the Vidarbha region. The findings are discussed in light of the historical, anthropological and genetic data available for the studied group.
Building conceptual spaces for exploring and linking biomedical resources
Authors: Berlanga Rafael , Nebot Voctoria , Jimenez-Ruiz Ernesto 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe establishment of links between data (e.g., patient records) and Web resources (e.g., literature) and the proper visualization of such discovered knowledge is still a challenge in most Life Science domains (e.g., biomedicine). In this paper we present our contribution to the community in the form of an infrastructure to annotate information resources, to discover relationships among them, and to represent and visualize the new discovered knowledge. Furthermore, we have also implemented a Web-based prototype tool which integrates the proposed infrastructure.
SPARQL Assist Language Neutral Query Composer
Authors: McCarthy Luke , Vandervalk Ben , Wilkinson Mark 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSPARQL query composition is difficult for the lay-person or even the experienced bioinformatician in cases where the data model is unfamiliar. Established best-practices and internationalization concerns dictate that semantic web ontologies should use terms with opaque identifiers, further complicating the task. We present SPARQL Assist: a web application that addresses these issues by providing context-sensitive type-ahead completion to existing web forms. Ontological terms are suggested using their labels and descriptions, leveraging existing XML support for internationalization and language-neutrality.