bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic Rigor and Dedication to Competitive Sport in Young People 12-18 Years: Major Social Issues
Authors: Santesmases Josep 
Published: December 2010

Academic Rigor and Dedication to Competitive Sport in Young People 12-18 Years: Major Social IssuesQuantitative study with the aim of linking the academic performance of students who are high-level athletes in Catalonia (Spain) and who do not have any institutional support (high-performance centre, reduction of subjects, etc.) or belong to any educational institution with adapted curriculum (90-95% of households), compared to sedentary students who play sports only occasionally.The study divided students into two groups by age: 12, 14, 16 and 18 years old (secondary school). The general group (GG) was made up of students who did sports at school, did not participate in major competitions, and the weekly training requirement did not exceed 3 hours (N = 262). The group of athletes (AG) is made up of students who at least competed for the Championship of Catalonia (swimming and basketball) and the weekly training requirement exceeded 4.30 in younger students (N = 212). The questionnaires were constructed in order to gather academic information, highlighting the grades of the subjects for the second evaluation of the 2008-09 academic year and full-time sports data for training (day session, hours, competition) and schooling (public or private).We found a significant correlation (0.99) in comparing the evolution of differences between the grades of the groups. Supporting an extraordinary demand for training, and increasing with age, student athletes have better academic performance throughout secondary education. However, this trend is broken in high school, coinciding with the highest dedication to training.Two other important considerations are highlighted in the study: first, the GG presented inactivity levels which increase linearly with age and this is more prominent in females, and secondly, the enrolment of the school is basically AD private state-assisted and not public system, which can make us think about whether the family ideology also influences the sports options for children.
The Status of Physical Education in Cypriot Schools
Authors: Christodoulou Diana 
Published: December 2010

The Status of Physical Education in Cypriot SchoolsA few years ago, comparative research was conducted in thirty-five countries in order to discover the innovative and stimulating aspects of physical education (PE) found all over the world. Cyprus was not included in that special study. The present and future position of PE is a crucial and critical issue in Cyprus. Therefore the author of this paper has carried out an investigation with the aim of revealing the status of PE in the Cypriot educational system and comparing it with other countries. This paper was written on the basis of that research. The Cypriot investigation found in this paper uses the same concept and methods as were utilised in the aforementioned cross-cultural study; the results are presented according to similar dimensions. The data was collected by documentary analysis and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that the status of PE in Cyprus is low and there are urgent problems that need to be seriously considered by the authorities of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Efforts have already been made by decision-makers to promote the development of a new curriculum, be introduced in future school years.
Off-Field Competition at Major Sport Events. Case Study of 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™
Authors: Piątkowska Monika , Żyśko Jolanta 
Published: December 2010

Off-Field Competition at Major Sport Events. Case Study of 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™Over the past twenty years sponsorship has outperformed all other marketing communication tools in terms of growth. With their massive audiences, major sport events create great opportunity for global companies to showcase their brands and products. Due to rapidly rising costs for securing sponsorship rights, ambush marketing has emerged as a growing option for different kind of companies.The aim of ambush marketing is to obtain more of the gains associated with an official event sponsorship but without incurring the same extent of its costs. "Ambushers" are becoming increasingly astute at developing ways to circumvent legal attempts to control non-sponsor marketing strategies.Therefore, the aim of the paper is to introduce and categorize various ambush marketing methods and counter-ambushing strategies. As ambush marketing has shifted over time from broadcast sponsorship campaigns and venue surrounding advertising to more off-site venue marketing, it is also important to analyze how the organizers of major sport event prevent the event itself, the sponsorship rights and how they deal with ambush marketing issue. The case of 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa has been studied.
Re-uniting Sport and Art: The Potential of Olympic Posters
Authors: Hughson John 
Published: December 2010

Re-uniting Sport and Art: The Potential of Olympic PostersBaron Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the Modern Olympic Games, envisioned the Olympic occasion as being about more than sport. He regarded the underlying idea of the Olympic Games, Olympism, as a ‘cult of humanity’, concerned with the pursuit of excellence in both sport and art. The presentation examines how Olympic posters have been, and may continue to be, used to carry on de Coubertin's ambition for the marriage of sport and art in modern times. A case is made for viewing the Olympic poster as an object with aesthetic worth and thus apart from its instrumental purpose as a ‘promotional vehicle for Olympic Games’. Problematic questions, such as whether or not Olympic posters can be viewed in detachment from the political regimes that effectively endorse them, are addressed in the discussion.
Algorithms of Chemicals Detection Using Raman Spectra
Authors: Kwiatkowski Andrzej , Gnyba Marcin , Smulko Janusz , Wierzba Paweł 
Published: December 2010

Algorithms of Chemicals Detection Using Raman SpectraRaman spectrometers are devices which enable fast and non-contact identification of examined chemicals. These devices utilize the Raman phenomenon to identify unknown and often illicit chemicals (e.g.drugs, explosives) without the necessity of their preparation. Now, Raman devices can be portable and therefore can be more widely used to improve security at public places. Unfortunately, Raman spectra measurements is a challenge due to noise and interferences present outside the laboratories. The design of a portable Raman spectrometer developed at the Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology is presented. The paper outlines sources of interferences present in Raman spectra measurements and signal processing techniques required to reduce their influence (e.g.background removal, spectra smoothing). Finally, the selected algorithms for automated chemicals classification are presented. The algorithms compare the measured Raman spectra with a reference spectra library to identify the sample. Detection efficiency of these algorithms is discussed and directions of further research are outlined.
Fitting Spatial Models of Geometric Deviations of Free-Form Surfaces Determined in Coordinate Measurements
Authors: Poniatowska Małgorzata , Werner Andrzej 
Published: December 2010

Fitting Spatial Models of Geometric Deviations of Free-Form Surfaces Determined in Coordinate MeasurementsLocal geometric deviations of free-form surfaces are determined as normal deviations of measurement points from the nominal surface. Different sources of errors in the manufacturing process result in deviations of different character, deterministic and random. The different nature of geometric deviations may be the basis for decomposing the random and deterministic components in order to compute deterministic geometric deviations and further to introduce corrections to the processing program. Local geometric deviations constitute a spatial process. The article suggests applying the methods of spatial statistics to research on geometric deviations of free-form surfaces in order to test the existence of spatial autocorrelation. Identifying spatial correlation of measurement data proves the existence of a systematic, repetitive processing error. In such a case, the spatial modelling methods may be applied to fitting a surface regression model representing the deterministic deviations. The first step in model diagnosing is to examine the model residuals for the probability distribution and then the existence of spatial autocorrelation.
Electrochemical Sensor for Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds Employing Square Wave Perturbation Voltage
Authors: Gębicki Jacek , Kloskowski Adam 
Published: December 2010

Electrochemical Sensor for Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds Employing Square Wave Perturbation VoltageThe paper presents the results of investigation on a prototype sensor for measurement of benzaldehyde in air. Sensitivity and limit of quantification of the sensor were determined for different internal electrolytes using square wave voltammetry (SWV) as the detection technique. The working and counter electrodes were made of platinum. Ionic liquids 1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoro-methanesulfonyl) imide and 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethan constituted the internal electrolyte. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane separated the gaseous medium from the electrolyte.
Effect of Ankle Arthritis on Clinical Outcome of Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction in Cavovarus Feet
Authors: Irwin Todd A. , Anderson Robert B. , Davis W. Hodges , Cohen Bruce E. 
Published: December 2010

Background: Patients with idiopathic cavovarus deformity and lateral ankle ligament instability often present with varying degrees of ankle arthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the severity of degenerative change would impact the clinical outcome in patients treated operatively for both cavovarus deformity and lateral ankle ligament instability. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients were treated with lateral ankle ligament reconstruction and realignment foot osteotomy. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Karlsson and Peterson (KP) scoring scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and level of satisfaction were obtained. Preoperative and postoperative ankle radiographs were reviewed and graded using the van Dijk score. Patients with Grade 0 and I arthritis preoperatively were grouped together as “no to minimal arthritis” (Group 1) and those with Grade II and III arthritis preoperatively as “moderate to severe arthritis” (Group 2). There were 14 ankles in Group 1 and eight ankles in Group 2. Mean followup was 60.4 months. Results: Mean AOFAS and KP scores were significantly improved in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at latest followup, while VAS pain scale trended lower in Group 1. There were 12 excellent/good results, one fair result, and one poor result in Group 1. Patients in Group 2 had three excellent/good results, two fair results, and three poor results. One of 14 patients in Group 1 had progression of arthritis, while five of eight patients in Group 2 either had progression of arthritis or required an ankle fusion. Conclusion: Patients treated with lateral ankle ligament reconstruction and cavovarus realignment osteotomy with no to minimal preoperative tibiotalar arthritis have higher clinical scores and increased satisfaction compared to patients with more advanced preoperative tibiotalar arthritis. A cautious and realistic approach should be followed when recommending surgical treatment for this patient population. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Painful Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Orr Justin D. , Sabesan Vani , Major Nancy , Nunley James 
Published: December 2010

Background: Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) of the foot and ankle is an uncommon and often undiagnosed disorder that, to our knowledge, has not previously been reported in the orthopaedic literature. The current study reviews a consecutive series of patients who were seen with this musculoskeletal disorder in order to highlight the clinical presentation and diagnostic imaging characteristics specific to this disorder. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart study was performed involving 601 patients who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the foot and ankle at our institution from April 2005 to April 2006. We identified 14 patients whose MR imaging demonstrated findings consistent with BMES. Results: All 14 patients demonstrated characteristic diffuse, irregularly increased signal intensity on T2-weighted MR imaging and variable areas of decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images in an average of three bones within the foot and ankle. Average patient age was 16.4 (range, 10 to 27) years, and no patient reported a history of prior trauma. Eight patients received treatment for an incorrect initial diagnosis with two of those patients undergoing surgical procedures. Twelve patients were successfully treated with supportive nonoperative therapy for an average length of 19.4 months. Four patients had followup MR imaging demonstrating signal changes consistent with their clinical improvement/changes. Conclusion: BMES of the foot and ankle is a clinical disorder seen in younger patients with a clinical history of prolonged foot and ankle pain of unknown etiology and without prior trauma. MR findings from this series are consistent with previous descriptions in the radiology literature. Furthermore, MR imaging can be utilized to monitor the progression or resolution of this disorder. Proper diagnosis and treatment may prevent further unnecessary diagnostic testing or surgical procedures. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Retrograde Intramedullary Nail Arthrodesis for Avascular Necrosis of the Talus
Authors: DeVries J. George , Philbin Terrence M. , Hyer Christopher F. 
Published: December 2010

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the talus from any etiology is a devastating pathology. There are few salvage options available and controversy exists as to the surgical management for patients with talar AVN. The authors present their results of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with a retrograde nail. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive chart and radiographic review was pulled from our database for patients with AVN of the talus, who were treated by tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with retrograde intramedullary nail. Primary outcome was union, with time to clinical union as a secondary endpoint. Results: Fourteen patients were included. The average age at surgery was 47.4 ± 12.8 years, there were nine female patients, and the average Body Mass Index was 33.5 ± 6.0. Surgical risk factors included two patients who smoked, one was diabetic, and one had a preoperative ulceration. The average time to partial weightbearing was 70.6 ± 25.4 days, and the average time to full weightbearing was 100.6 ± 35.5 days. Four patients had postoperative complications, while no patients required major revision surgery. Twelve patients went on to solid fusion, while two went on to a stable, braceable pseudoarthrosis. Eight patients were able to return to shoes, and eight were able to walk unaided at final followup. Conclusion: Salvage of talar AVN is possible by tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail. Physicians may offer this as a salvage option to patients with a high likelihood of successful fusion. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
One Stage Resection and Pin Stabilization of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint for Chronic Plantar Ulcer With Osteomyelitis
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey E. , Anderson Sarah A. 
Published: December 2010

Background: Standard treatment of plantar first metatarsal head neuropathic ulceration with underlying osteomyelitis consists of extensive debridement of infected soft tissues and bone and often first ray amputation. The purpose of this study was to present a previously unreported, one stage, alternative to first ray amputation in patients with chronic first metatarsal head ulceration and associated chronic osteomyelitis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all patients that underwent one stage resection of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with pin stabilization for treatment of chronic plantar first metatarsal head ulceration with associated chronic osteomyelitis. The study included 15 patients (18 feet) who underwent 18 resections and stabilizations. All patients had a diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, chronic plantar first metatarsal head ulceration of at least 3 months duration with exposed bone, and no gross purulence or acute cellulitis. Nine patients (60%) (11 feet) were available for followup telephone interviews. Four of the 15 (27%) (four feet) were deceased so they had medical record review only. The average followup was 48.8 months. Results: All ulcers healed with the exception of one foot (5%) who required a transmetatarsal amputation for worsening infection and wound complications. Three feet (17%) developed recurrent ulcerations. No foot had amputation of only the hallux or first ray. Conclusion: This study presents a previously unreported, relatively simple, one stage treatment option for chronic first metatarsal head ulceration with underlying chronic osteomyelitis. This procedure allowed for successful healing of the ulcer while retaining the first ray. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Comparison of Different Outcome Instruments Following Foot and Ankle Trauma
Authors: Goldstein Christina L. , Schemitsch Emil , Bhandari Mohit , Mathew George , Petrisor Brad A. 
Published: December 2010

Background: Identifying optimal treatment strategies in patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries has been hampered by the use of multiple available outcome measures with unproven reliability and validity. This prospective observational study aimed to measure the correlation between six functional outcome measures in patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries. Materials and Methods: Patients 18 years of age or older with a traumatic foot or ankle injury completed the Short Form-12 (SF-12), Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA), Foot Function Index (FFI), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), Foot and Ankle Questionnaire and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale at a single followup visit. Raw scores for each of the outcome measures were calculated. Fifty-two patients were enrolled in our study. Pearson correlation coefficients provided measures of correlation. Results: Moderate to strong correlations were found for most pairwise comparisons of raw scores and functional categorical rankings (ρ = |0.5243 to 0.92|, p < 0.002). The strongest correlations were found between the SMFA, FFI, FAAM and AAOS Foot and Ankle Questionnaire. Conclusion: High correlations between scores on six commonly used functional outcome instruments suggest it is likely unnecessary to use more than one instrument when examining functional outcome in patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries. However, inconsistencies between measures in the same patient population suggest a need for further validation and scrutiny. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Contradictory Evidence as a Guide for Future Research: Investigating the Relationship between Pastoral Labour and Production
Authors: Næss Marius Warg 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
While there is a general agreement that labour has a significant effect on agricultural production, questions have been raised as to whether this is the case for pastoral production. While a review of the literature reveals a prevalent assumption of a positive effect of labour inputs, studies quantifying the relationship have found contradictory evidence for this assumption. Consequently, it could be questioned if it is still justifiable to maintain the assumption of a positive relationship between pastoral labour and production. This article argues that this position is still tenable as previous studies raise important unanswered questions. First, previous studies have been characterized by varying sample sizes, an important issue if the effect of pastoral labour is marginal as some evidence suggests. Second, previous studies have used different measures of pastoral production and as such do not represent clear-cut evidence for or against the assumed positive relationship.
Sphenoorbital meningioma: surgical technique and outcome
Authors: Oya Soichi , Sade Burak , Lee Joung H. 
Published: December 2010

Object
The aim of this study was to describe the surgical technique used for removal of sphenoorbital meningiomas in the authors' practice and to review the operative outcome.

Methods
Review of the senior author's practice between 1994 and 2009 revealed 39 patients (mean age 48 years) eligible for this study. Clinical presentation, surgical technique, postoperative outcome, and follow-up data are presented. Surgical technique is detailed, with an emphasis on aggressive removal consisting of drilling of the hypertrophied sphenoid bone, orbital wall, and anterior clinoid process, followed by tumor removal and a wide resection of the involved dura. A simple dural closure without reconstruction of the orbital roof or the lateral wall of the orbit is also described.

Results
Gross-total resection was achieved in 15 cases (38.5%), near-total resection with small residual in the cavernous sinus or periorbita in 20 cases (51.3%), and subtotal resection in 4 cases (10.3%). Postoperative complications included trigeminal hypesthesia in 9 patients, oculomotor palsy in 3 patients, and seizure in 2 patients. Seven patients had recurrence within the mean follow-up period of 40.7 months. Preoperative visual deficits were present in 21 patients (53.8%). Of these, 14 (66.7%) experienced visual recovery to normal levels postoperatively. Statistical analyses revealed preoperative severe visual deficit and sphenoid bone hypertrophy as an independent risk factor and an independent favorable factor, respectively, for a favorable visual outcome. Proptosis was resolved (≤ 2 mm) in 73.5% of the authors' patients. No patient had postoperative enophthalmos.

Conclusions
In the authors' practice, surgery for sphenoorbital meningiomas consists of resection of the orbital/sphenoid intraosseous, intraorbital, and intradural tumor components. The authors believe that aggressive removal of the orbital/sphenoid intraosseous tumor is critical for a favorable visual outcome and tumor control. Furthermore, satisfactory cosmetic results can be achieved with simple reconstruction techniques as described.