bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) on the Bycatch of Three Small Coastal Sharks in the Gulf of Mexico Penaeid Shrimp Fishery
Authors: Raborn Scott W. , Gallaway Benny J. , Cole John G. , Gazey William J. , Andrews Kate I. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The stock of blacknose sharks Carcharhinus acronotus in the U.S. South Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico is overfished, and according to the 2007 stock assessment conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service overfishing continues to occur. Penaeid shrimp trawl bycatch rates in the Gulf of Mexico were modeled for this species as well as for the Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae and bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo using a combination of research trawl and observer data. Research trawls have never used turtle excluder devices (TEDs), which are expected to exclude larger specimens of blacknose sharks. Most of the observer data that contain blacknose shark occurrences were collected during the pre-TED era when the two data sets tracked one another. Minimum observer data were available for the post-TED period (1990–present). As a consequence, the pre-TED (1972–1989) relationship between observer and research trawl catch per unit effort (CPUE) is driving the observer CPUE estimates from 1990 to the present, a period characterized by increased blacknose shark abundance. We suspected that the increase in predicted observer CPUE in the post-TED era is an artifact of application of the pre-TED observer and research trawl relationship to the post-TED era. This suspicion led us to question whether the bycatch of these species was altered due to the use of TEDs. We used negative binomial regression in a before-after-control-impact setting to test the effects of TEDs on the bycatch rates of these small coastal sharks. The TED effect was found to substantially reduce the bycatch of blacknose sharks (by 94%) and to do so moderately for bonnethead sharks (31%); the results were inconclusive for Atlantic sharpnose sharks. The management implication of our findings is that the existing small coastal shark–penaeid shrimp fishery bycatch model needs to be modified or replaced with a model that explicitly incorporates the potential for a TED effect.
Received March 23, 2011; accepted December 15, 2011
Association of XPC polymorphisms with susceptibility and clinical outcome to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Yang Xiuli , Liu Duo , Wu Huizhe , Kang Hui , Pang Hao , Huang Desheng , Sha Xianzheng , Wang Enhua , Wang Zhe , Wei Minjie 
Published: April 2012

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relation between xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer (BC), the development and progression of disease, and response to different individualized drug treatments. We investigated two polymorphisms in XPC Ala499Val and Lys939Gln using PCR‐RFLP assays including 618 cases and 622 controls. The frequency of the TT genotype of Ala499Val (adjusted odds ratio = 1.575; 95% confidence interval, 1.104–2.245; P = 0.012) and the AC genotype of Lys939Gln (adjusted odds ratio = 1.330; 95% confidence interval, 1.045–1.694; P = 0.020) were found to significantly increase the risk of developing BC. The CT+TT genotypes of Ala499Val were associated with estrogen receptor positive, and Her‐2 and p53 negative status, and the AC+CC genotypes of Lys939Gln were associated with BRCA1 negative status. Moreover, a significantly increased chance of treatment with neoadjuvant anthracycline‐based chemotherapy response was found in women carrying TT genotype of Ala499Val, or CC and AC genotypes of Lys939Gln. In addition, a significantly longer overall survival after chemotherapy was observed in patients who had XPC Lys939Gln AC+CC genotypes with estrogen receptor positive (log–rank test, P = 0.086) and p53 negative (log–rank test, P = 0.020). The current data suggested that XPC Ala499Val and Lys939Gln polymorphisms may contribute to the identification of patients with increased risk for BC. Moreover, the polymorphisms were associated with the prognosis of BC patients. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1207–1214)
Efficacy and safety of infliximab and adalimumab in Crohn's disease: a single centre study
Authors: Zorzi F. , Zuzzi S. , Onali S. , Calabrese E. , Condino G. , Petruzziello C. , Ascolani M. , Pallone F. , Biancone L. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackgroundInfliximab and adalimumab are highly effective in Crohn's Disease (CD). This is supported by clinical trials and open‐label studies using either infliximab or adalimumab, thus not allowing a proper comparison between these anti‐TNFs in CD.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab and adalimumab in active CD.MethodsIn a longitudinal study, CD patients with indication for anti‐TNFs were treated with infliximab or adalimumab.ResultsNinety‐three patients were treated with infliximab (n = 44) or adalimumab (n = 49). In the infliximab group, the induction was completed by 77.3% of patients, due to no response (n = 2), delayed hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) or infusion reactions (n = 8). Maintenance with infliximab was completed by 60% of patients, due to clinical worsening or loss of efficacy (n = 5), DHR or infusion reactions (n = 5). In the adalimumab group, all patients completed the induction, while maintenance was completed by 67% of patients, due to clinical worsening or loss of efficacy (n = 8), DHR (n = 1), other causes (n = 7). In both groups, the CDAI significantly reduced at baseline vs. each visit (P < 0.04). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis performed to evaluate the risk of steroid‐free remission in patients treated with infliximab vs. adalimumab detected no differences (log‐rank test P = 0.4). Cox proportional‐hazards regression identified two predictors of steroid‐free remission using anti‐TNFs: no smokers [HR = 2.94 (1.52–5.70), P = 0.001] and non stricturing non penetrating behaviour [HR = 3.116 (1.06–9.13), P = 0.03826].ConclusionsInfliximab and adalimumab showed a similar efficacy. No smoking and non‐stricturing non‐penetrating behaviour were predictors of steroid‐free remission.
Non‐Luer connectors: are we nearly there yet?
Authors: Cook T. M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe Department of Health aims to eliminate the use of devices with a Luer connector firstly from ‘single shot’ neuraxial procedures (April 2012) and subsequently from all neuraxial and regional anaesthesia procedures (April 2013). This initiative is important for all anaesthetists, oncologists, paediatricians and neurologists. Once achieved, non‐Luer connectors for neuraxial procedures will create one more barrier to wrong‐route errors. The period until full implementation and market stability remains problematic. Avoidance of unintended consequences requires professional and individual attention to detail. Considerable progress has been made by manufacturers in the last year in improving the quality and range of equipment available, but despite this not all the necessary equipment is available and there remains a lack of independent evaluation, which is urgently needed to enable clinicians to judge the absolute and relative performance of different connectors. Initial evaluation of devices with new connectors can (and should) take place in a laboratory with rigs and manikins, with patient‐based evaluation following after the results of the technical and usability evaluations are available. A structured evaluation of all five current connectors is urgently needed. Non‐Luer connectors, however successful, will not create barriers to several type of wrong‐route error and solutions to these should also be actively sought. It is clear that the initiative has been more complex than the Health Select Committee, the National Patient Safety Agency and the External Reference Group anticipated, but while there is still much work to be done, we should acknowledge that much progress has been made.
Emergency capnography monitoring: comparing ergonomic design of intensive care unit ventilator interfaces and specific training of staff in reducing time to activation
Authors: Hodges E. , Griffiths A. , Richardson J. , Blunt M. , Young P. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryModern ventilators provide capnography monitoring in patients with tracheal tubes, in compliance with national and international recommendations. This technology is often not used when patients’ lungs are non‐invasively ventilated; however, it should be accessed immediately following tracheal intubation to confirm tube placement. This study assessed the effect of ventilation interface design on the speed with which capnography can be activated by comparing the Dräger Evita 4 and Dräger V500 before and after a specific training episode. We configured the V500 to have a capnography activation button on the front screen in contrast to the Evita 4 which requires a sequence of actions to access capnography monitoring. We used a randomised crossover design, measuring time to monitoring activation, and repeated the study after 3 months. Survival analysis showed significantly quicker activation associated with ventilator choice (V500, p < 0.0001) and training (p = 0.0058). The training improved activation speed with both machines, though this was only significant for the Evita 4 (p = 0.0097).
Late‐onset familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus due to a novel mutation in the AVP gene
Authors: Jendle Johan , Christensen Jane H. , Kvistgaard Helene , Gregersen Niels , Rittig Søren 
Published: April 2012

SummaryObjectiveFamilial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI) is mainly an autosomal dominant inherited disorder presenting with severe polydipsia and polyuria in early childhood. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular genetics and clinical characteristics of a large Swedish–Norwegian family presenting with very late‐onset autosomal dominant FNDI.PatientsSix probands with a history of developing polyuria and polydipsia during adolescence were studied.MeasurementsInformation on family demography was collected by personal interview with family members. The genetic cause of FNDI was identified by DNA sequencing analysis of the coding regions of the AVP gene. The clinical characteristics were determined by the measurement of basal urine production and osmolality as well as by measurements of concurrent levels of plasma AVP, plasma osmolality, and urine osmolality during fluid deprivation and bolus injection of DDAVP. The integrity of the neurohypophysis was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe mean age of encountering the first clinical symptoms in the family was 14·8 years (range 3–30 years) (n = 17). All six affected subjects investigated were heterozygous for a novel mutation in the AVP gene (g.1848C>T) predicting a p.Pro84Leu substitution in the AVP precursor protein. We found partial deficiency in evoked AVP secretion during fluid deprivation in one subject and complete deficiency in another. The pituitary bright spot was absent in all six affected subjects studied.ConclusionA novel mutation in the AVP gene predicted to cause a neurophysin II dimerization defect is causing surprisingly late onset of FNDI in a large, six generation, Swedish–Norwegian family. The mutation is associated with both complete and partial deficiency in evoked AVP secretion during fluid deprivation in patients who have suffered from FNDI for decades.
Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor promotes invasive behaviour in testicular seminoma cells
Authors: Ferranti F. , Muciaccia B. , Ricci G. , Dovere L. , Canipari R. , Magliocca F. , Stefanini M. , Catizone A. , Vicini E. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has multiple functions that promote cell survival, proliferation and migration in different cell types. The experimental over‐expression of GDNF in mouse testis leads to infertility and promotes seminomatous germ cell tumours in older animals, which suggests that deregulation of the GDNF pathway may be implicated in germ cell carcinogenesis. GDNF activates downstream pathways upon binding to its specific co‐receptor GDNF family receptor‐a 1 (GFRA1). This complex then interacts with Ret and other co‐receptors to activate several intracellular signalling cascades. To explore the involvement of the GDNF pathway in the onset and progression of testicular germ cell tumours, we analysed GFRA1 and Ret expression patterns in seminoma samples. We demonstrated, via immunohistochemistry, that GFRA1, but not Ret, is over‐expressed in in situ carcinoma (CIS) and in intratubular and invasive seminoma cells compared with normal human germ cells. Functional analysis of the GDNF biological activity was performed on TCam‐2 seminoma cell line. Reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrate that TCam‐2 cells express both GFRA1 and Ret mRNA, but only GFRA1 was detected at the protein level. In TCam‐2 cells, although GDNF is not mitogenic, it is able to induce migration, as demonstrated by a Boyden chamber assay, possibly through the Src and MEK pathways. Moreover, GDNF promotes invasive behaviour, an effect dependent on pericellular protease activity, possibly through the activity of matrix metalloproteinases. GFRA1 over‐expression in CIS and seminoma cells, along with the functional analyses in TCam‐2 cells, suggests an involvement of the GDNF pathway in the progression of testicular germ cell cancer.
Association between chemical pattern in breast milk and congenital cryptorchidism: modelling of complex human exposures
Authors: Krysiak‐Baltyn K. , Toppari J. , Skakkebaek N. E. , Jensen T. S. , Virtanen H. E. , Schramm K.‐W. , Shen H. , Vartiainen T. , Kiviranta H. , Taboureau O. , Audouze K. , Brunak S. , Main K. M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryDuring the past four decades, there has been an increase in the incidence rate of male reproductive disorders in some, but not all, Western countries. The observed increase in the prevalence of male reproductive disorders is suspected to be ascribable to environmental factors as the increase has been too rapid to be explained by genetics alone. To study the association between complex chemical exposures of humans and congenital cryptorchidism, the most common malformation of the male genitalia, we measured 121 environmental chemicals with suspected or known endocrine disrupting properties in 130 breast milk samples from Danish and Finnish mothers. Half the newborns were healthy controls, whereas the other half was boys with congenital cryptorchidism. The measured chemicals included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl‐ethers, dioxins (OCDD/PCDFs), phthalates, polybrominated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. Computational analysis of the data was performed using logistic regression and three multivariate machine learning classifiers. Furthermore, we performed systems biology analysis to explore the chemical influence on a molecular level. After correction for multiple testing, exposure to nine chemicals was significantly different between the cases and controls in the Danish cohort, but not in the Finnish cohort. The multivariate analysis indicated that Danish samples exhibited a stronger correlation between chemical exposure patterns in breast milk and cryptorchidism than Finnish samples. Moreover, PCBs were indicated as having a protective effect within the Danish cohort, which was supported by molecular data recovered through systems biology. Our results lend further support to the hypothesis that the mixture of environmental chemicals may contribute to observed adverse trends in male reproductive health.
Thermodynamic properties of moisture adsorption of whole wheat flour. Calculation of net isosteric heat
Authors: Martín‐Santos Julio , Vioque Montserrat , Gómez Rafael 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe moisture sorption isotherms of whole wheat flour were determined at 10, 20 and 30 °C over a relative humidity range of 10–90%. Two models were applied to the sorption experimental data: the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) and the Caurie models. The goodness of fit of the mathematical models was statistically evaluated by means of the root mean square per cent error (%RMS), obtaining values between 1.44 and 1.05 for GAB, and between 2.69 and 2.57 for the Caurie model. Hence, both models provided a good fit to the experimental data. The isosteric heat of sorption was calculated using two methods: the Clausius–Clapeyron expression and the Caurie equations, showing in both cases maximum values (11.03 and 12.39 kJ mol−1, respectively) when moisture content was minimum (2.5 g H2O per 100 g dry matter), and gradually diminishing to the value of the heat of vaporisation of pure water when moisture content reached a maximum value.
Rapid on‐site determination of melamine in raw milk by an immunochromatographic strip
Authors: Sun Fengxia , Liu Liqiang , Ma Wenwei , Xu Chuanlai , Wang Libing , Kuang Hua 
Published: April 2012

SummaryA rapid and simple method was established based on gold nanoparticle‐labelled monoclonal antibody probes for the detection of melamine pollution in raw milk. The conditions for conjugation between the antibody and gold nanoparticles were optimised (pH 8.0, antibody concentration 5 μg mL−1). It gives a single proportional to melamine concentration with a performance time of only 3 min. A practical calibration curve was established with a reader system with limit of detection calculated as 4.47 and 8.34 μg L−1 with naked eyes. Three structural analogues, atrazine, desethyl‐desisopropyl‐atrazine and cyromazine, were used to test the specificity of the immunochromatographic strip, and small colour changes on the strip test line were found even at the 500 ng mL−1 spiked level. Fifty raw milk samples were detected with this strip method, and the resulting data coincided well with results from gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The above‐mentioned results showed that this test strip can be used for melamine screening in the daily monitoring of milk.
Influence of spray‐dryer air temperatures on encapsulated lime essential oil
Authors: Bringas‐Lantigua Madai , Valdés David , Pino Jorge A. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe influence of inlet and outlet air temperatures (180–220 and 80–100 °C, respectively) on the spray drying of lime essential oil was evaluated by using a three‐level factor design. For optimisation, dryer evaporative rate, volatile oil retention, and microencapsulation efficiency were considered as response variables. The response surface analysis produced significant (P < 0.05) polynomial regression equations that were successfully fitted for all response variables, and no significant (P > 0.05) lack of fit was indicated for the reduced models, with the exception of microencapsulation efficiency. This observation confirmed an accurate fitness of the reduced response surface models to the experimental data. The multiple response optimisations indicated that an inlet air temperature of 220 °C and an outlet air temperature of 85 °C were predicted to provide the maximum evaporative rate (7.7 kg h−1), volatile oil retention (95.7%), and microencapsulation efficiency (99.9%) in the studied ranges. Checking of the optimisation showed that with these optimal parameters, a very good closeness between the experimental and predicted values was obtained.
Interrelationship between image, dough and Barbari bread characteristics; use of image analysis to predict rheology, quality and shelf life
Authors: Pourfarzad Amir , Mohebbi Mohebbat , Mazaheri‐Tehrani Mostafa 
Published: April 2012

SummaryCellular materials are often anisotropic, i.e. their properties depend on the direction in which they are measured. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of liquid improver components on image features (colour difference, average size, area fraction, cell wall thickness, fractal dimension, solidity, and circularity) of Barbari flat bread in both cross and longitudinal sections. Glycerol, sodium stearoyl‐2‐lactylate and enzyme active soy flour were evaluated as improver constituents. Image characteristics were furthermore correlated with dough rheology, quality, and shelf life in both sections of bread. Results from statistical analysis suggest that the parameters describing anisotropy or the favourite orientation of cell structure are crucial in understanding more than 50% of differences observed in crumb architecture. The coefficients of determination of all the response variables were higher than 0.81. Among image features, colour difference and average size gave the most correlations from −0.857 to 0.896 and −0.784 to 0.698 with other properties, respectively.
Understanding the origin of seasonal epidemics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis
Authors: Dhondt André A. , States Sarah L. , Dhondt Keila V. , Schat Karel A. 
Published: April 2012

Summary1. Many host–pathogen systems show regular seasonal oscillations.2. Seasonal variation in mycoplasmal conjunctivitis prevalence in house finches is an example of such oscillations.3. An annual pulse of Mycoplasma gallisepticum‐naïve juveniles increasing the number of susceptibles, seasonal changes in flocking behaviour increasing transmission rate and a gradual loss of resistance to reinfection with time are sufficient to model the observed seasonal variation in disease prevalence. Nevertheless, experiments are needed to test the underlying mechanisms.4. We carried out an 18‐month experiment with small groups of birds in large aviaries to test two hypotheses.5. To test the first hypothesis that an influx of naïve juveniles in a group of recovered adults is sufficient to cause an outbreak, we added eight juveniles to a group of 11 adults that had recovered from an earlier infection. In all, three replicates juveniles became infected, but only after some of the adults relapsed.6. To test the second hypothesis that reintroduction of M. gallisepticum into a multiage group of previously exposed but fully recovered house finches causes a new outbreak, we inoculated two birds in each group in March of the 2nd year. Contrary to what happens in the wild at that time disease prevalence increased rapidly after reintroduction of M. gallisepticum.7. We conclude that asymptomatic, recovered adults can initiate an epidemic and transmit M. gallisepticum to naïve house finches and that the reintroduction of M. gallisepticum is sufficient to cause a new outbreak, even at a time of the year when mycoplasmal conjunctivitis is low in free‐living birds. Date, as such, seems to be less important to explain seasonal variation in conjunctivitis than the presence of naïve juveniles or the introduction on M. gallisepticum.8. Seasonality in outbreaks is most likely tightly linked to seasonal variation in bird movements and behaviour.