bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive outcome comparison of surgical and Ponseti clubfoot treatments with reference to pediatric norms
Authors: Church Chris , Coplan Julie A. , Poljak Dijana , Thabet Ahmed M. , Kowtharapu Durga , Lennon Nancy , Marchesi Stephanie , Henley John , Starr Roland , Mason Dan , Belthur Mohan V. , Herzenberg John E. , Miller Freeman 
Published: March 2012

Purpose Isolated congenital clubfoot can be treated either operatively (posteromedial release) or conservatively (Ponseti method). This study retrospectively compared mid-term outcomes after surgical and Ponseti treatments to a normal sample and used multiple evaluation techniques, such as detailed gait analysis and foot kinematics. Methods Twenty-six children with clubfoot treated surgically and 22 children with clubfoot treated with the Ponseti technique were evaluated retrospectively and compared to 34 children with normal feet. Comprehensive evaluation included a full gait analysis with multi-segment and single-segment foot kinematics, pedobarograph, physical examination, validated outcome questionnaires, and radiographic measurements. Results The Ponseti group had significantly better plantarflexion and dorsiflexion range of motion during gait and had greater push-off power. Residual varus was present in both treatment groups, but more so in the operative group. Gait analysis also showed that the operative group had residual in-toeing, which appeared well corrected in the Ponseti group. Pedobarograph results showed that the operative group had significantly increased varus and significantly decreased medial foot pressure. The physical examination demonstrated significantly greater stiffness in the operative group in dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, ankle inversion, and midfoot abduction and adduction. Surveys showed that the Ponseti group had significantly more normal pediatric outcome data collection instrument results, disease-specific indices, and Dimeglio scores. The radiographic results suggested greater equinus and cavus and increased foot internal rotation profile in the operative group compared with the Ponseti group. Conclusions Ponseti treatment provides superior outcome to posteromedial release surgery, but residual deformity still persists.
Oriented, Multimeric Biointerfaces of the L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule: An Approach to Enhance Neuronal and Neural Stem Cell Functions on 2-D and 3-D Polymer Substrates
Authors: Cherry Jocie F. , Carlson Aaron L. , Benarba Farah L. , Sommerfeld Sven D. , Verma Devendra , Loers Gabriele , Kohn Joachim , Schachner Melitta , Moghe Prabhas V. 
Published: March 2012

This article focuses on elucidating the key presentation features of neurotrophic ligands at polymer interfaces. Different biointerfacial configurations of the human neural cell adhesion molecule L1 were established on two-dimensional films and three-dimensional fibrous scaffolds of synthetic tyrosine-derived polycarbonate polymers and probed for surface concentrations, microscale organization, and effects on cultured primary neurons and neural stem cells. Underlying polymer substrates were modified with varying combinations of protein A and poly-d-lysine to modulate the immobilization and presentation of the Fc fusion fragment of the extracellular domain of L1 (L1-Fc). When presented as an oriented and multimeric configuration from protein A-pretreated polymers, L1-Fc significantly increased neurite outgrowth of rodent spinal cord neurons and cerebellar neurons as early as 24 h compared to the traditional presentation via adsorption onto surfaces treated with poly-d-lysine. Cultures of human neural progenitor cells screened on the L1-Fc/polymer biointerfaces showed significantly enhanced neuronal differentiation and neuritogenesis on all protein A oriented substrates. Notably, the highest degree of βIII-tubulin expression for cells in 3-D fibrous scaffolds were observed in protein A oriented substrates with PDL pretreatment, suggesting combined effects of cell attachment to polycationic charged substrates with subcellular topography along with L1-mediated adhesion mediating neuronal differentiation. Together, these findings highlight the promise of displays of multimeric neural adhesion ligands via biointerfacially engineered substrates to “cooperatively” enhance neuronal phenotypes on polymers of relevance to tissue engineering.
“Brands as Intentional Agents”: Questions and extensions
Authors: MacInnis Deborah J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe notion that consumers' relationships with brands can be characterized in ways that resemble their relationships with people is gaining considerable ground in the areas of consumer behavior and branding. Kervyn, Fiske and Malone's “Brands as Intentional Agents” offers additional support for this basic proposition. The authors argue that the ability to translate research on human social interaction relationships with brand relationships provides useful insights into brand positioning and brand communications. This author, while raising a few general questions about the SCM and BIAF models, identifies additional research questions in the consumer behavior and branding domains that might be informed by the basic components of the SCM model.
Applying Necessity and Proportionality to Anti-Terrorist Self-Defence
Authors: Tams Christian J , Devaney James G 
Published: March 2012

Recent years have seen increasing reliance on self-defence as a concept justifying the use of force against armed attacks by terrorists operating from within a foreign state. While the matter has prompted major debates, a good case can be made that contemporary international law now begins to recognise a right of self-defence against attacks by terrorists. (We will refer to this in the following as ‘anti-terrorist self-defence’, meaning a response directed against an attack carried out by a terrorist organisation.) This article deliberately does not rehearse the major debates about the scope of self-defence, but moves beyond them. It seeks to assess whether and how the two main limitations on the exercise of self-defence – namely necessity and proportionality – could be adapted to self-defence outside the inter-state setting. It shows that both limitations do indeed require some adaptation in order to be applied to anti-terrorist self-defence.With respect to necessity, we argue that this adaptation is actually a chance to make sense of a requirement that is of very limited practical relevance in the inter-state setting. As the article shows, necessity can assume a crucial role in the anti-terrorist setting: in order for trans-border uses of force to be necessary, states invoking self-defence must demonstrate that the terrorist threat cannot be repelled by the host state (on whose territory the terrorists are based).As for proportionality, recent debates about anti-terrorist self-defence expose the weaknesses of proportionality as a restraint on self-defence. Construed primarily as a prohibition against excessive force, even in the inter-state setting, proportionality has always been dependent on the nature of the aims pursued in the name of self-defence. Recent anti-terrorist practice suggests that many states are prepared to accept far-reaching uses of force against terrorists. It also suggests that, in applying proportionality, the targeted (or otherwise) character of the response is of crucial importance. The law is clearly in a state of flux, but in debates such as those about Turkey's use of force against the PKK or Israel's military operations against Hamas or Hezbollah, one can see the beginning of a process of developing guidelines on proportionality.
Sense of Place in Australian Environmental Education Research: Distinctive, Missing or Displaced?
Authors: Stevenson Robert B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMany environmental educators were motivated to enter the feld by a concern for the loss of places to which they felt a strong sense of attachment and belonging. This raises the question of whether a sense of place, or attachment to the Australian biophysical or cultural landscape, has shaped Australian environmental education research. An analysis was conducted of articles by Australian authors published in the AJEE in the period from 1990–2000, a time that preceded the (re)emergence of attention to place-based education in academic circles. Only four of 67 articles addressed the author's or other Australian's sense of place. Several explanations for this fnding are examined, drawing on some of the environmental psychology literature on place identity as well as the notion that sense of place involves multiple interrelated personal, cultural and professional identities. Finally, an argument is made as to why place attachments are important to environmental education research.
Talking Up Country: Language, Natureculture and Interculture in Australian Environmental Education Research
Authors: Whitehouse Hilary 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAustralia is an old continent with an immensely long history of human settlement. The argument made in this paper is that Australia is, and has always been, anatureculture. Just as English was introduced as the dominant language of education with European colonisation, so arrived an ontological premise that linguistically divides a categorised nature from culture and human from “the” environment. Drawing on published work from the Australian tropics, this paper employs a socionature approach to make a philosophical argument for a more nuanced understanding of language, the cultural interface and contemporary moves towards interculture in Australian environmental education practice.
The Historical, Present and Futurenessof Environmental Education in India
Authors: Almeida Sylvia , Cutter-Mackenzie Amy 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhat is distinctive or indistinctive about environmental education in schools and other formal education settings in India? In essence, what is thenessof environmental education in the Indian education system? Our responses to these important questions form the focus of this paper, shedding light on the historical, present and future directions (orness) of environmental education in India. In effect, we attempt to capture thenessof environmental education by considering practice, policy and research developments throughout the various contemporary and traditional environmental education movements. In so doing, we identify a theory-practice gap and a dire lack of research as some of the pertinent issues facing environmental education in India. In conclusion we discuss possible future directions that environmental education might take in addressing these issues.
Ambrosian Mass chants before the Carolingian intervention
Authors: Bailey Terence 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe service books of the Ambrosian rite were produced relatively late: the oldest copy of the Manuale, the first to record the texts and some rubrics, dates from the early eleventh century; the earliest redaction of the ordinal, from shortly after 1126; the oldest copy of the antiphoner, which contains the notated melodies of both Mass and Office, from the mid-twelfth. All these books document a liturgy that had been extensively revised after the Frankish conquest of northern Italy in 774. The Frankish reforms did not result in the suppression of the Milanese rite (as they had the Gallican), but many changes were effected, changes that brought the ancient liturgy of northern Italy – without destroying all of its indigenous features – closer to the new, international, Gregorian rite. The purpose of this article is to re-examine the earliest references to the Mass of pre-Conquest Milan and its archdiocese, which reveal more than has been suspected, and to present new evidence concerning the Ambrosian sacrifice as it was in the earliest centuries, even before the time of St Ambrose.
Religion and American Public Life
Authors: Shields Jon A. 
Published: March 2012

In his 2000 best seller Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Civic Community, Robert Putnam analyzed the links between social capital and civic engagement. Lamenting the decline of “civic America,” he called for a Tocquevillean renewal of voluntary association in the United States. In American Grace, Putnam and coauthor David Campbell—who also helped with the preparation of Bowling Alone—return to the analysis of American civil society, focusing their attention on America's changing religious landscape and its implications for democracy. Their basic argument is that while the United States is religiously diverse and pluralistic to a profound degree, and while in recent years it has witnessed growing religious polarization, it has also succeeded in muting religious tensions and hostilities. As they conclude: “How has America solved the puzzle of religious pluralism—the coexistence of religious diversity and devotion? And how has it done so in the wake of growing religious polarization? By creating a web of interlocking personal relationships among people of many different faiths. This is America's grace” (p. 550).Given the importance of religion in American life and the influence of Putnam's broad agenda on much current social science research on social capital and civic engagement, we have decided to organize a symposium around the book, centered on three questions: 1) How is American Grace related to Putnam's earlier work, particularly Bowling Alone, and what are the implications of the continuities and/or discontinuities between these works? 2) What kind of a work of political science is American Grace, and how does it compare to other important recent work dealing with religion and politics in the United States? 3) What are the strengths and weaknesses of Putnam and Campbell's account of “how religion divides and unites us,” and what is the best way of thinking about the contemporary significance of religion and politics in the United States and about the ways that the religious landscape challenges U.S. politics and U.S. political science?
The liberty of the moderns: Market freedom and democracy within the EU
Authors: BELLAMY RICHARD 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTaking its cue from Benjamin Constant’s famous comparison of the liberty of the ancients with that of the moderns, this article examines the compatibility of democracy with free markets within the EU. Constant argued that commerce had replaced the political liberty of the ancients with the civil liberties of the moderns. Nevertheless, he contended a degree of political liberty remained necessary to guarantee these civil liberties. The difficulty was whether the political system could operate in the interest of all if modern citizens had ceased to identify with the public interest in the manner of the ancients and preferred to pursue their private interests. Constant believed representative democracy offered a form of political liberty that was compatible with modern liberty. It involved a less demanding view of civic virtue to ancient liberty and a different conception of the public interest as promoting rather than in conflict with private interests. However, for it to operate as Constant expected required certain social and cultural conditions that emerged in European nation states but are not themselves the products of commerce and may even be undermined by it: namely, a national identity; a social contract; and political parties. The EU involves a further deepening of modern commercial liberty beyond the nation state. This article explores three main issues raised by this development. First, have any of the three elements that facilitated the operation of representative democracy within the member states evolved at the EU level? Second, if not, is it possible to create an effective form of representative democracy on a post-national basis as the logical entailment of the liberties of the moderns? Third, if neither of these is possible, can we simply detach modern liberty from political liberty and see social rights as attributes of free movement, and efficient and equitable economic regulations as the products of technocratic governance? All three questions are answered in the negative.
Was Westphalia ‘all that’? Hobbes, Bellarmine, and the norm of non-intervention
Authors: HAVERCROFT JONATHAN 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecently, historians of the international system have called into question the significance of the Treaties of Westphalia in 1648 as the moment when the international system formed. One of their primary arguments is that the non-intervention norm typically associated with Westphalian notions of sovereignty developed much later. This paper will examine the early 17th-century debates over the right of the Pope to depose monarchs in the defense of spiritual matters. I read Part III and Part IV of Hobbes’Leviathanin its intellectual context to see how his theory of sovereignty was partially developed to support a theory of non-intervention. This reading leads to two important contributions to current political science debates. First, it refutes the growing consensus that non-intervention developed as an aspect of sovereignty only in the late 18th and early 19th century. Second, the paper addresses current attempts to assert a right of humanitarian intervention. By exploring similarities between these recent debates and those between Bellarmine and Hobbes in the 17th century, I offer a fresh perspective on what is at stake in current claims to international community.
Eine Normierungsstudie eines modifizierten Trail Making Tests im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Rodewald Katlehn , Bartolovic Marina , Debelak Rudolf , Aschenbrenner Steffen , Weisbrod Matthias , Roesch-Ely Daniela 
Published: March 2012

Der Trail Making Test (TMT) ist ein international weit verbreitetes Verfahren, das z. B. zur Untersuchung von Patienten mit erworbenen Hirnschädigungen eingesetzt wird. Die Performanz im TMT wird mit unterschiedlichen neuropsychologischen Domänen, wie z. B. Aufmerksamkeit und Exekutivfunktionen, in Verbindung gebracht. Trotz der häufigen Anwendung im klinischen Alltag liegen bisher keine deutschsprachigen Normen für einen umfassenden Altersrange vor. Die vorliegende Untersuchung hat daher den Einfluss von Alter und Bildung auf die Bearbeitungszeit im TMT bei deutschsprachigen Erwachsenen im Alter zwischen 18 und 85 Jahren erfasst und analysiert. Ausschlusskriterien bildeten neurologische oder psychiatrische Erkrankungen, die Beeinträchtigung des Blickfeldes bzw. der Sehfähigkeit, die motorische Beeinträchtigung der Arme und Hände sowie Drogen- oder Alkoholmissbrauch. Die Stichprobe ist in vier Altersgruppen aufgeteilt: 18 – 34 Jahre (n = 148), 35 – 49 Jahre (n = 111), 50 – 64 Jahre (n = 93) und 65 – 84 Jahre (n = 53). Hinsichtlich der Bildung wurden zwei Gruppen gebildet: niedriges bis mittleres Bildungsniveau ( ≤ 12 Jahre formale Bildung) und höheres Bildungsniveau ( ≥ 12 Jahre formale Bildung). Signifikante Korrelationen zwischen den demografischen Variablen und den Bearbeitungszeiten im TMT-A bzw. TMT-B zeigen, dass sowohl Alter als auch Bildung mit der Leistung im TMT korrelieren (p < .01). Post hoc Analysen machen deutlich, dass sich dabei alle Altersgruppen voneinander unterscheiden. Die Ergebnisse für die Bearbeitungszeit stehen in Einklang mit früheren Normierungsstudien, die ebenfalls Alter und Bildung als die bedeutsamsten Moderatoren für die Leistung im TMT identifiziert hatten.
Live-cell visualization of transmembrane protein oligomerization and membrane fusion using two-fragment haptoEGFP methodology
Authors: Quinn Derek J. , McFerran Neil V. , Nelson John , Duprex W. Paul 
Published: March 2012

Protein interactions play key roles throughout all subcellular compartments. In the present paper, we report the visualization of protein interactions throughout living mammalian cells using two oligomerizing MV (measles virus) transmembrane glycoproteins, the H (haemagglutinin) and the F (fusion) glycoproteins, which mediate MV entry into permissive cells. BiFC (bimolecular fluorescence complementation) has been used to examine the dimerization of these viral glycoproteins. The H glycoprotein is a type II membrane-receptor-binding homodimeric glycoprotein and the F glycoprotein is a type I disulfide-linked membrane glycoprotein which homotrimerizes. Together they co-operate to allow the enveloped virus to enter a cell by fusing the viral and cellular membranes. We generated a pair of chimaeric H glycoproteins linked to complementary fragments of EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) – haptoEGFPs – which, on association, generate fluorescence. Homodimerization of H glycoproteins specifically drives this association, leading to the generation of a fluorescent signal in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), the Golgi and at the plasma membrane. Similarly, the generation of a pair of corresponding F glycoprotein–haptoEGFP chimaeras also produced a comparable fluorescent signal. Co-expression of H and F glycoprotein chimaeras linked to complementary haptoEGFPs led to the formation of fluorescent fusion complexes at the cell surface which retained their biological activity as evidenced by cell-to-cell fusion.
Magnaporthe oryzae
, the blast pathogen: current status and options for its control.
Authors: Maciel J. L. N. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Blast disease is one of the major constraints for food production in the world, affecting many crops of agricultural importance. Wheat blast, since it was first report in the mid-1980s, has been responsible for considerable damage on the wheat fields in several South American countries such as Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Rice blast disease has often been considered as a model for studies on plant-pathogen interactions. Loss of the avirulence gene
AVR-CO39
and mutations on the AVR-Pita are significant examples associated with this interaction. The first example is related to the adaptation of
Magnaporthe oryzae
to the rice crop and the second to the breakdown in cultivar resistance. A large number of genes (about 80 so far) with complete resistance to rice blast have been described, and 13 of them have been cloned. These results, involving avirulence and resistance genes, are important for understanding the biological mechanisms of interaction between pathogen and host, in considering finding strategies to control the disease. There is great concern about the potential spread of the wheat blast pathogen to locations where this disease does not currently occur. There are some wheat-producing regions in the world where wheat blast has not been reported so far, but which have climatic conditions very similar to the regions in South America where wheat blast attacks quite frequently. This situation, in a scenario of climate change, is concerning and demands research action.
The potential of geostatistics and geographic information systems in pest eradication.
Authors: Alves M. de C. , Pozza E. A. , Silva F. M. da , Carvalho L. G. de , Sanches L. , Oliveira M. S. de 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Complex environmental and agricultural problems require geomatics solutions and soft computing applications that combine knowledge, techniques and methodologies from different sources, for decision-support improvement. It has been even more necessary to use those methodologies in order to optimize resources for environmental impact assessments and to reduce costs in quality control programmes. Thus, this work aims to provide topics about recent developments and initiatives related to environmental and agricultural solutions supported by geographic information systems (GIS) and geostatistics methods. A spatial analysis approach enabled the detection of spatial variation in infestations of pest organisms in the field, indicating the possibility of developing strategies to provide more effective control, less environmental impact and sustainability of the agro-ecosystem, consistent with the philosophy of integrated pest management and precision agriculture.