bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in longitudinal studies of aging in the United States
Authors: Hauser Robert M. , Weir David 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe review recent developments in longitudinal studies of aging, focusing on the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Both studies are part of a trend toward biosocial surveys in which biological measurement is joined with traditional survey techniques, and a related trend toward greater harmonization across studies. Both studies have collected DNA samples and are working toward genotyping that would allow broadly based association studies. Increased attention to psychological measurement of personality and of cognitive ability using adaptive testing structures has also been shared across the studies. The HRS has expanded its economic measurement to longitudinal studies of consumption and to broader-based measurement of pension and Social Security wealth. It has added biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. The WLS has developed an integrated approach to the study of death and bereavement and an innovative use of high school yearbook photographs to capture information about health in early life of its participants.
When Tests ‘Frame’ Children: The Challenges of Providing Appropriate Education for Children With Special Needs
Authors: Galletly Susan A. , Knight Bruce Allen , Dekkers John 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDecision-making regarding intensive instructional support for children with special needs should build from children's instructional needs, and not from diagnostic labelling and criteria for funding eligibility. Cognitive referencing, the use of results on intelligence and language quotients to decide children's academic options and funding eligibility, is established as inappropriate practice yet continues to be used by many education systems. This paper discusses systemic practices in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, and then details four cases of children ‘framed’ by their tests, that is, experiencing unwarranted disadvantage due to how they were positioned by their tests and diagnoses. The final section makes recommendations for considerations needed in the improving of Australian education of children with special needs.
Behavioural response of moose Alces alces and brown bears Ursus arctos to direct helicopter approach by researchers
Authors: St⊘en Ole‐G. , Neumann Wiebke , Ericsson Göran , Swenson Jon E. , Dettki Holger , Kindberg Jonas , Nellemann Christian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHelicopters are used for numerous wildlife management and research purposes, but can alter wildlife behaviour and influence baseline data collection. We investigated reactions of GPS‐collared moose Alces alces and brown bears Ursus arctos to short‐term helicopter approaches by researchers. Moose responded with up to 10 times greater movement rates for up to two hours following a helicopter approach and moved into more rugged terrain. Brown bears decreased their speed and remained within similar habitat types and terrain. The movements were influenced only about two hours and did not influence the size of the activity areas. Contrary to our predictions, brown bears responded with a somewhat calmer response than moose, illustrating response differences in large herbivores and carnivores. This difference in response might be because brown bears are actually less disturbed than moose by direct helicopter approaches or because of a difference in tactical behaviour between brown bears and moose following disturbance. Researchers and managers should thus be cautious in using knowledge from one species to predict or perceive disturbance response in another species or taxa.
The Boomerangs Parenting Program for Aboriginal Parents and Their Young Children
Authors: Lee Lily , Griffiths Chryne , Glossop Patricia , Eapen Valsamma 
Published: October 2010

Objective: Using three case studies, this paper describes the development and evaluation of ‘The Boomerangs Aboriginal Circle of Security Parenting Camp Program', which is a clinical intervention based on an attachment framework using the Circle of Security and Marte Meo, and drawing on traditional Aboriginal culture. Methods: Three mothers from an Aboriginal Australian background with preschool age children attended the 20-session Boomerangs Program, including an initial camp and a second camp after 6 weeks. The camp provided the opportunity for parent empowerment and to explore the strengths and resources of the mother to facilitate better mother-child interactions and relationship, in a naturalistic setting. Results: All three mothers gave positive feedback on the program in increasing the awareness, sensitivity and responsiveness of their interactions with their children, and this was reflected in the results of the questionnaires and observation of the mother-child interactions during play. Conclusion: This program offers the first ever evaluation of an intense parenting program using camps for Aboriginal Australians. This study is to be considered as an exploratory exercise – a first step in a process of exploring applicability and adapting parenting camps for Aboriginal families.
Le genre et le leadership
Authors: Saint-Michel Sarah 
Published: October 2010

Les entreprises françaises se trouvent confrontées à un problème de représentation équilibrée des hommes et des femmes aux postes de direction et de pouvoir. Face au phénomène du plafond de verre , les femmes restent sous représentées dans les positions de pouvoir et de direction. Pour expliquer en partie ce phénomène, certains chercheurs mettent en avant le poids des stéréotypes en terme de genre et du « modèle managérial dominant » qui entraveraient l’accès des femmes à ces positions de pouvoir et de leadership. Ainsi le genre semble être une variable importante qui structure les organisations et, il nous paraît important de l’introduire, afin d’expliquer et de comprendre l’impact éventuel du genre sur le style de leadership. De plus, face à l’intérêt grandissant des recherches sur les différences individuelles et le leadership par le biais du modèle du « Big Five » (Costa et McCrae, 1992), il nous paraît important de comprendre et d’expliquer l’impact du genre sur les traits de personnalité des leaders. Cette communication tente de dresser un état des lieux de la recherche théorique et empirique des liens entre le genre, le leadership et les traits de personnalité du leader.
La satisfaction au travail
Authors: Iglesias Katia , Renaud Olivier , Tschan Franziska 
Published: October 2010

La satisfaction au travail est un concept central en gestion des ressources humaines. Malgré cela les relations trouvées entre ce concept et d’autres variables du champ restent encore parfois incertaines voire même contradictoires dans certains cas. Cet article relève trois problèmes : le premier, pouvant affecter directement les liens entre la satisfaction au travail et d’autres variables du champ, concerne les outils statistiques utilisés pour analyser la satisfaction au travail. Pour discuter de ce point, nous évaluons les besoins des chercheurs pour répondre à leurs questionnements, ainsi que les apports et limitations des différents outils statistiques utilisés. Les deuxièmes et troisièmes problèmes touchent la satisfaction au travail elle-même et concernent la définition ainsi que les instruments de mesure de la satisfaction au travail. Une fois ces problèmes énoncés, sur la base d’un jeu de données empiriques et en utilisant les outils statistiques adaptés pour répondre aux questions des chercheurs, nous avons analysé quatre mesures de satisfaction au travail avec des modèles à effets mixtes. Pour analyser ces dernières, deux groupes de déterminants ont été utilisés : des facteurs liés au travail et des facteurs liés à la personne. Il ressort que pour les déterminants fortement liés à la satisfaction au travail, les résultats sont proches pour les quatre échelles de satisfaction au travail. Par contre, pour les variables explicatives dont le lien avec la satisfaction au travail est plus faible, la significativité va dépendre du choix de l’instrument de mesure de la satisfaction au travail. Par conséquent, les différentes échelles de satisfaction au travail analysées n’opérationnalisent pas la même définition de la satisfaction au travail.
La psychanalyse en Égypte
Authors: Ben Slama Raja 
Published: October 2010

L’auteure retrace la naissance, en Égypte, d’une psychanalyse qui reste indifférenciée par rapport aux deux modèles médical et professoral et trop dominée par les figures de Maître persécuteur du dehors et du Maître paternel du dedans. Elle reprend aussi, pour les relativiser et les problématiser, les arguments généralement avancés pour expliquer la résistance à la psychanalyse en Égypte et dans le monde arabe : cette résistance n’est pas repérable seulement du côté de la demande analytique.
Éclipses : propagande et utopie
Authors: de Sousa Edson Luiz André 
Published: October 2010

Aborder le thème de la propagande devient de plus en plus essentiel, car nous ne pouvons pas penser la propagande sans transiter par les circuits du pouvoir que nous constituons et qui nous constituent. Mais de quel pouvoir s’agit-il ici ? Pouvoir de l’image, dans la mesure où elle tente de capturer le regard de l’autre à un point précis, en fixant le sens de manière arbitraire, en laissant dans l’ombre tout ce qui serait susceptible de provoquer une crise d’interprétation et de lecture. L’objet doit se révéler de façon univoque, et ce détail suffit pour percevoir la tyrannie de cette position. Le développement des idées présentes dans ce travail se base sur le fonctionnement de la machinerie de la propagande dans le champ de la politique proposé par Noam Chomsky, ainsi que sur les contributions importantes de Sophie de Mijolla-Mellor issues du champ conceptuel de la psychanalyse.
Liquid Chromatography, 1. Fundamentals, History, Instrumentation, Materials
Authors: Jandera Pavel , Henze Günter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction1.1.History1.2.Definition and Theoretical Background2.Equipment2.1.Solvent Reservoir, Filters, Degasser and Connecting Tubing2.2.Pumps2.3.Sample Introduction Units2.4.Column Hardware2.5.Detectors2.5.1.Photometric Detectors2.5.2.The Fluorescence Detector2.5.3.Refractive Index (RI) Detectors2.5.4.Light‐Scattering Detectors2.5.5.Electrochemical Detectors2.6.Data Processing Systems3.Packing Materials and Stationary Phases for HPLC3.1.Types and Porosity of Column Packing Materials3.2.Particle Size, Hydrodynamic Aspects of Column Operation3.3.Superficially Porous Particles3.4.Monolithic Columns3.5.Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography3.5.1.Silica Gel3.5.2.Metal Oxides3.5.3.Chemically Bonded Phases3.5.4.Carbon Adsorbents3.5.5.Organic Polymer Adsorbents3.5.6.Characterization of HPLC Column Properties4.The Mobile Phase4.1.Purification and Pretreatment of LC Solvents4.2.Selection of Mobile Phase
Liquid Chromatography, 2. Methods, Programmed and Coupling Techniques
Authors: Jandera Pavel , Lembke Peter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Separation Processes and HPLC Modes1.1.Normal‐Phase Liquid Chromatography (NPLC)1.1.1.Separations on Polar Adsorbents and Chemically Bonded Phases in Nonaqueous Mobile Phases1.1.1.1.Principles of Retention in NPLC1.1.1.2.Structural and Mobile Phase Effects in Nonaqueous NPLC1.1.1.3.Practical Aspects and Application Examples of Nonaqueous NPLC1.1.2.Normal‐Phase Separations of Hydrophilic and Ionic Compounds in Aqueous‐Organic Media ‐ HILIC Mode1.2.Reversed‐Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC)1.2.1.Separations of Nonionic Samples1.2.2.Separations of Ionizable Samples with Buffer and Salt Additives1.2.3.Ion‐Pair Chromatography1.2.4.Micellar Chromatography1.3.Ion‐Exchange Chromatography (IEX)1.4.Size‐Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)2.Optimization of Separation Selectivity and Resolution2.1.Optimization of the Column Parameters2.2.Two‐Component (Binary) Mobile Phases2.3.Selectivity Control using Ternary or more Complex Mobile Phases2.4.Computer‐Assisted HPLC Method Development and Optimization3.Programmed and Coupling Techniques3.1.Gradient‐Elution Technique3.2.High‐Temperature and Programmed Temperature HPLC Separations3.3.Column Serial Coupling and Switching3.4.Multidimensional HPLC3.4.1.Peak Capacity and 2D System Orthogonality3.4.2.Off‐Line and In‐Line Heart Cutting Techniques3.4.3.Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional LCxLC3.4.4.Applications of 2D LC‐LC3.5.HPLC– Mass Spectrometry3.5.1.Principles of the HPLC‐MS Technique3.5.2.Instrumentation for HPLC‐MS3.5.3.Applications of LC‐MS3.6.HPLC‐NMR4.Quantitative Analysis4.1External Standard Method4.2.Internal Standard Method4.3.Error Sources in HPLC5.Sample Preparation and Derivatization5.1.Sample Cleanup and Enrichment5.2.Pre‐ and Postcolumn Derivatization5.2.1.Precolumn Derivatization5.2.2.Postcolumn Derivatization
The dystonia gene DYT1 is repressed by the transcription factor THAP1 (DYT6)
Authors: Kaiser Frank J. , Osmanoric Alma , Rakovic Aleksandar , Erogullari Alev , Uflacker Nils , Braunholz Diana , Lohnau Thora , Orolicki Slobodanka , Albrecht Melanie , Gillessen‐Kaesbach Gabriele , Klein Christine , Lohmann Katja 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMutations in THAP1 have been associated with dystonia 6. THAP1 encodes a transcription factor with mostly unknown targets. We tested the hypothesis that THAP1 regulates the expression of DYT1 (TOR1A), another dystonia‐causing gene. After characterization of the TOR1A promoter, we demonstrate that THAP1 binds to the core promoter of TOR1A. Further, we report that wild type THAP1 represses the expression of TOR1A, whereas dystonia 6‐associated mutant THAP1 results in decreased repression of TOR1A. Our data demonstrate that THAP1 regulates the transcription of TOR1A, suggesting transcriptional dysregulation as a cause of dystonia. Ann Neurol 2010;68:554–559
Adaptive dose‐finding: Proof of concept with type I error control
Authors: Miller Frank 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe consider an adaptive dose‐finding study with two stages. The doses for the second stage will be chosen based on the first stage results. Instead of considering pairwise comparisons with placebo, we apply one test to show an upward trend across doses. This is a possibility according to the ICH‐guideline for dose‐finding studies (ICH‐E4). In this article, we are interested in trend tests based on a single contrast or on the maximum of multiple contrasts. We are interested in flexibly choosing the Stage 2 doses including the possibility to add doses. If certain requirements for the interim decision rules are fulfilled, the final trend test that ignores the adaptive nature of the trial (naïve test) can control the type I error. However, for the more common case that these requirements are not fulfilled, we need to take the adaptivity into account and discuss a method for type I error control. We apply the general conditional error approach to adaptive dose‐finding and discuss special issues appearing in this application. We call the test based on this approach Adaptive Multiple Contrast Test. For an example, we illustrate the theory discussed before and compare the performance of several tests for the adaptive design in a simulation study.
Multiple imputation for estimating the risk of developing dementia and its impact on survival
Authors: Yu Binbing , Saczynski Jane S. , Launer Lenore 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDementia, Alzheimer's disease in particular, is one of the major causes of disability and decreased quality of life among the elderly and a leading obstacle to successful aging. Given the profound impact on public health, much research has focused on the age‐specific risk of developing dementia and the impact on survival. Early work has discussed various methods of estimating age‐specific incidence of dementia, among which the illness‐death model is popular for modeling disease progression. In this article we use multiple imputation to fit multi‐state models for survival data with interval censoring and left truncation. This approach allows semi‐Markov models in which survival after dementia depends on onset age. Such models can be used to estimate the cumulative risk of developing dementia in the presence of the competing risk of dementia‐free death. Simulations are carried out to examine the performance of the proposed method. Data from the Honolulu Asia Aging Study are analyzed to estimate the age‐specific and cumulative risks of dementia and to examine the effect of major risk factors on dementia onset and death.
Modelling animal growth in random environments: An application using nonparametric estimation
Authors: Filipe Patrícia A. , Braumann Carlos A. , Brites Nuno M. , Roquete Carlos J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe study a stochastic differential equation growth model to describe individual growth in random environments. In particular, in this paper, we discuss the estimation of the drift and the diffusion coefficients using nonparametric methods for the case of nonequidistant data for several trajectories. We illustrate the methodology by using bovine growth data. Our goal is to assess: (i) if the parametric models (with specific functional forms for the drift and the diffusion coefficients) previously used by us to describe the evolution of bovine weight were adequate choices; (ii) whether some alternative specific parameterized functional forms of these coefficients might be suggested for further parametric analysis of this data.
Simulation‐based power calculations for large cohort studies
Authors: Brown Patrick , Jiang Hedy 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA large number of factors can affect the statistical power and bias of analyses of data from large cohort studies, including misclassification, correlated data, follow‐up time, prevalence of the risk factor of interest, and prevalence of the outcome. This paper presents a method for simulating cohorts where individual's risk is correlated within communities, recruitment is staggered over time, and outcomes are observed after different follow‐up periods. Covariates and outcomes are misclassified, and Cox proportional hazards models are fit with a community‐level frailty term. The effect on study power of varying effect sizes, prevalences, correlation, and misclassification are explored, as well as varying the proportion of controls in nested case–control studies.
Estimation of the diagnostic threshold accounting for decision costs and sampling uncertainty
Authors: Skaltsa Konstantina , Jover Lluís , Carrasco Josep Lluís 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMedical diagnostic tests are used to classify subjects as non‐diseased or diseased. The classification rule usually consists of classifying subjects using the values of a continuous marker that is dichotomised by means of a threshold. Here, the optimum threshold estimate is found by minimising a cost function that accounts for both decision costs and sampling uncertainty. The cost function is optimised either analytically in a normal distribution setting or empirically in a free‐distribution setting when the underlying probability distributions of diseased and non‐diseased subjects are unknown. Inference of the threshold estimates is based on approximate analytically standard errors and bootstrap‐based approaches. The performance of the proposed methodology is assessed by means of a simulation study, and the sample size required for a given confidence interval precision and sample size ratio is also calculated. Finally, a case example based on previously published data concerning the diagnosis of Alzheimer's patients is provided in order to illustrate the procedure.
A novel definition of the multivariate coefficient of variation
Authors: Albert Adelin , Zhang Lixin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe coefficient of variation CV (%) is widely used to measure the relative variation of a random variable to its mean or to assess and compare the performance of analytical techniques/equipments. A review is made of the existing multivariate extensions of the univariate CV where, instead of a random variable, a random vector is considered, and a novel definition is proposed. The multivariate CV obtained only requires the calculation of the mean vector, the covariance matrix and simple quadratic forms. No matrix inversion is needed which makes the new approach equally attractive in high dimensional as in very small sample size problems. As an illustration, the method is applied to electrophoresis data from external quality assessment in laboratory medicine, to phenotypic characteristics of pocket gophers and to a microarray data set.
A note on the tests for clustered matched‐pair binary data
Authors: Yang Zhao , Sun Xuezheng , Hardin James W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMcNemar's test is used to assess the difference between two different procedures (treatments) using independent matched‐pair data. For matched‐pair data collected in clusters, the tests proposed by Durkalski et al. and Obuchowski are popular and commonly used in practice since these tests do not require distributional assumptions or assumptions on the structure of the within‐cluster correlation of the data. Motivated by these tests, this note proposes a modified Obuchowski test and illustrates comparisons of the proposed test with the extant methods. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation study suggests that the proposed test performs well with respect to the nominal size, and has higher power; Obuchowski's test is most conservative, and the performance of the Durkalski's test varies between the modified Obuchowski test and the original Obuchowski's test. These results form the basis for our recommendation that (i) for equal cluster size, the modified Obuchowski test is always preferred; (ii) for varying cluster size Durkalski's test can be used for a small number of clusters (e.g. K < 50), whereas for a large number of clusters (e.g. K ≥ 50) the modified Obuchowski test is preferred. Finally, to illustrate practical application of the competing tests, two real collections of clustered matched‐pair data are analyzed.
Comparison of positive lymph node ratio with an inflammation-based prognostic score in colorectal cancer
Authors: Moug S J , McColl G , Lloyd S M , Wilson G , Saldanha J D , Diament R H 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Two prognostic scoring systems have been proposed in colorectal cancer: the pathologically based positive lymph node ratio (pLNR) and the inflammation-based modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). This study compared these two scores with the tumour node metastasis (TNM) staging system in terms of cancer survival.

Methods
Between 2003 and 2005, 206 patients, of mean(s.d.) age 69·9(10·6) (range 40–95) years, underwent curative resection for colorectal cancer in two centres. Age, sex, primary tumour site and whether radio/chemotherapy was given were recorded in addition to the three scores (TNM stage, pLNR and mGPS). Univariable and multivariable analyses of overall survival were performed.

Results
Age, rectal cancer, TNM stage, pLNR and mGPS were significant factors in univariable analysis. On multivariable analysis, N category and tumour stage (I–III) were removed from the model, leaving pLNR and mGPS as independent predictors of overall survival: hazard ratio 1·51 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·24 to 1·84; P &lt; 0·001) and 1·56 (1·18 to 2·08; P = 0·020) respectively. C-statistic analysis, used to compare pLNR and mGPS directly, found only pLNR to be significant (P &lt; 0·001)

Conclusion
This study found pLNR to be the superior prognostic scoring system in determining long-term survival in patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer.