bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The oro‐facial manifestations of trisomy 8 mosaicism: a case report
Authors: HENDERSON N. J. , CRAWFORD PETER J. M. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. Trisomy 8 mosaicism is a relatively common autosomal chromosomal disorder characterized by features such as mental retardation, characteristic facies, skeletal abnormalities and congenital heart disease. The case of a 4‐year‐old boy is described with particular reference to the oro‐facial manifestations, which included cleft palate, pronounced anterior open bite, complete reversed unilateral buccal cross‐bite, slightly increased width of alveolar processes, and gingival enlargement.Résumé.Manifestations faciales et orales de la trisomie 8 mosaïsme: à propos d'un casLe mosasme de la trisomie 8 est une anomalie chromosomale autosomale et fréquente, caractérisés par un retard mental, des traits faciaux caratéristiques, des anomalies du squelette et une cardiopathie congénitale. Le cas de ce garçon de quatre ans est décrit, en particulier les manifestations oro‐faciales avec fente palatine, béance anterieure importante, inversé d'articulé unilatéral, petite augmentation de la largeur des procès alvéolaires et hypertrophic de la gencive.Zusammenfassung.Die Mund‐Gesichts Erscheinungs form von Trisomie 8 MosaicismTrisome 8 Mosaicism ist eine relativ gewöhnliche autosom chromosomale Krankheit, charakteristisch für geishtige Retardierung, typische Gesicht, Skelett abnormalität und eine augeborene Krankheit. Der Fall eines vierjähnigen Jungen ist beschrieben mit genauer Referenz von den Mund‐Gesichts Erscheinungen, mit Gaiomeuspalte, mit ausgesprochenem, Vorderem offenen Biss, mit roll‐ständigem, umgeltehetem, unilateralem Kreuzbiss, ein bissilen grösser werchender alveolarfortsatz und zahnfleisch Erweiterung.Resumen.Manifestaciones oro‐faciales de la trisonomía 8: reporte de un casoEl mosaicismo de trisonomía 8 es una anomalía cromosomática autosomática relativamente frecuente caracterizada por signos como retardo mental, características faciales, anormalidades esqueléticas, y enfermedad congénita del corazón. Se describe el caso de un niño de 4 años de edad haciendo énfasis en las manifestaciones orofaciales, las cuales incluían labio leporino, mordida abierta anterior pronunciada, mordida cruzada revertida, ligero aumento en la anchura del proceso alveolar y agrandamiento gingival.
Infraocclusion of primary molars in monozygotic twins: report of two cases
Authors: DEWHURST S. N. , HARRIS J. C. , BEDI R. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. Genetic factors have been implicated in the aetiology of infraocclusion, but only three published reports describe infraocclusion of primary molars in twins. This case report describes the occurrence of infraocclusion in two pairs of twins. The distribution of affected teeth and the severity of infraocclusion were strikingly similar in each pair. The report provides further evidence of a genetic contribution to the aetiology of the condition, and also highlights the need to examine siblings, and especially twins, of children who present with an infraoccluded primary tooth.Résumé.Infraclusion de molaires temporaires chez des jumeaux monozygotes: description de deux casDes facteurs génétiques ont été mis en cause dans l'étiologie de l'infraclusion mais seulement trois publications décrivent l'infraclusion de molaires temporaires chez des jumeaux. Le cas décrit étudie la fréquence de l'infraclusion chez deux paires de jumeaux. La distribution des dents atteintes et l'importance de l'infraclusion étaient étonnamment similaires dans chaque paire. Cette étude donne des arguments complémentaires au facteur génétique dans l'étiologie de cette pathologie et aussi renforce l'importance d'examiner la fratrie, spécialement les jumeaux, des enfants qui ont des molaires en infraclusion.Zusammenfassung.Die Infraokklusion von Milchmolaren bei monozygotische Zwillinge: ein Bericht von 2 FällenGenetische Faktore werden als Ursache der Infraokklusion angenommen; aber nur 3 veröffentliche Berichte beschreiben die Infraokklusion von Milchmolaren bei Zwillinge. Dieser Bericht beschreibt das Auftreten der Infraokklusion bei 2 Paare von Zwillinge. Die Verteilung der betrofienen Zähne und der Grad der Infraokklusion waren genau gleich innerhalb jedes Zwillingspaares. Dieser Bericht liefert einen zusätzlichen Beweis des genetischen Einflusses auf die Aetiologie dieser Infraokklusion und bestätigt die Wichtigkeit der Zwillingsforschung.Resumen.InfraoclusiÓn de molares temporales en mellizos monociqÓticos: repote de dos casosFactores genéticos han sido implicados en la etiologia de la infraoclusiÓn, pero solo tres casos han sido reportados en molares temporales de mellizos. Este reporte de caso describe la ocurrencia de infraoclusiÓn en dos pares de mellizos. La distribuciÓn de los dientes afectados y la severidad de la infraoclusiÓn fureron marcadamente similares en cada pareja de mellizos. Este reporte provee evidencia adicional de la contribuciÓn genética a la etiologia de la condiciÓn y tambien enfatiza la necesidad de examinar a los hermanos, especial‐mente de mellizos, de niños que se presentan a la clinica con molares infraocluídos.
Phylogeography of Podocarpus matudae (Podocarpaceae): pre‐Quaternary relicts in northern Mesoamerican cloud forests
Authors: Ornelas Juan Francisco , Ruiz‐Sánchez Eduardo , Sosa Victoria 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim  Cloud forests of northern Mesoamerica represent the northern and southern limit of the contact zone between species otherwise characteristic of North or South America. Several phylogeographic studies featuring temperate conifer species have improved our understanding of species responses to environmental changes. In contrast, conifer species that presumably colonized northern Mesoamerica from South America are far less studied. A phylogeographic study of Podocarpus matudae (Podocarpaceae) was conducted to identify any major evolutionary divergences or disjunctions across its range and to determine if its current distribution is associated with pre‐Quaternary climatic and/or long‐distance dispersal events.Location  Northern Mesoamerica (Mexico and Guatemala).Methods  Sixteen populations (157 individuals) of P. matudae were screened for variation at two plastid DNA markers. The intra‐specific phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes were reconstructed using Bayesian inference. Population genetic analyses were undertaken to gain insight into the evolutionary history of these populations. To test whether genetic divergence among populations occurred at different time‐scales plastid DNA sequence data and fossil‐ and coalescent‐based calibrations were integrated.Results  The combination of plastid markers yielded 11 haplotypes. Differentiation among populations based on DNA variation (GST) (0.707, SE 0.0807) indicated a clear population structure in P. matudae. Differentiation for ordered alleles (NST) (0.811, SE 0.0732) was higher than that for GST, indicating phylogeographical structure in P. matudae. Most of the total variation (81.3%, P < 0.0001) was explained by differences among populations. The estimated divergence time between the unique haplotypes from a Guatemalan population and the two most common haplotypes from the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico was between 10 and 20 Ma, and further haplotype divergence in the poorly resolved clade of the Sierra Madre Oriental occurred between 3 and 0.5 Ma.Main conclusions  Divergence estimations support the hypothesis that extant Podocarpus matudae populations are pre‐Quaternary relicts. This finding is consistent with fossil and pollen data that support a Miocene age for temperate floristic elements in Mesoamerican cloud forests, whereas further haplotype divergence within the Sierra Madre Oriental, Chiapas and Guatemala occurred more recently, coinciding with Pleistocene cloud forest refugia.
Validating a conceptual model for an inter‐professional approach to shared decision making: a mixed methods study
Authors: Légaré France , Stacey Dawn , Gagnon Susie , Dunn Sandy , Pluye Pierre , Frosch Dominick , Kryworuchko Jennifer , Elwyn Glyn , Gagnon Marie‐Pierre , Graham Ian D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Following increased interest in having inter‐professional (IP) health care teams engage patients in decision making, we developed a conceptual model for an IP approach to shared decision making (SDM) in primary care. We assessed the validity of the model with stakeholders in Canada.Methods  In 15 individual interviews and 7 group interviews with 79 stakeholders, we asked them to: (1) propose changes to the IP‐SDM model; (2) identify barriers and facilitators to the model's implementation in clinical practice; and (3) assess the model using a theory appraisal questionnaire. We performed a thematic analysis of the transcripts and a descriptive analysis of the questionnaires.Results  Stakeholders suggested placing the patient at its centre; extending the concept of family to include significant others; clarifying outcomes; highlighting the concept of time; merging the micro, meso and macro levels in one figure; and recognizing the influence of the environment and emotions. The most common barriers identified were time constraints, insufficient resources and an imbalance of power among health professionals. The most common facilitators were education and training in inter‐professionalism and SDM, motivation to achieve an IP approach to SDM, and mutual knowledge and understanding of disciplinary roles. Most stakeholders considered that the concepts and relationships between the concepts were clear and rated the model as logical, testable, having clear schematic representation, and being relevant to inter‐professional collaboration, SDM and primary care.Conclusions  Stakeholders validated the new IP‐SDM model for primary care settings and proposed few modifications. Future research should assess if the model helps implement SDM in IP clinical practice.
Postglacial history of a widespread conifer produces inverse clines in selective neutrality tests
Authors: HOLLIDAY J. A. , YUEN M. , RITLAND K. , AITKEN S. N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDeviations of the site frequency spectrum of mutations (SFS) from neutral expectations may be caused by natural selection or by demographic processes such as population subdivision or temporal changes in population size. As most widespread temperate and boreal tree species have expanded from glacial refugia in the past 13 000 years, colonization bottlenecks associated with this migration may have left variable demographic signatures among geographic populations corresponding to distance from the refugia. To determine whether the signature of postglacial re‐colonization has skewed the SFS in the widely distributed conifer Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), we re‐sequenced 153 nuclear genes in six populations from across the species range. We found that while the SFS for the pooled sample produced negative values for Tajima’s D and Fay and Wu’s H, these statistics exhibited strong clinal variation when populations were analysed separately (R2 = 0.84, P = 0.007 for Tajima’s D and R2 = 0.65, P = 0.033 for Fay and Wu’s H). When historical bottlenecks of varying age were simulated using approximate Bayesian computation, distance of populations from the southern range limit explained most of the variation in bottleneck timing among populations (R2 = 0.89, P = 0.003). These data suggest that sequential population bottlenecks during postglacial re‐colonization have resulted in diverse among‐population signatures within the contemporary SFS in Sitka spruce, with rare variants more common in the south, and medium‐frequency variants more common in the north. Our results also emphasize the need to consider sampling strategy and to explore population‐specific null demographic models in surveys of nucleotide variation in widely distributed species.
Matching the numerator with an appropriate denominator to demonstrate low amputation incidence associated with a London hospital multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic
Authors: Valabhji J. , Gibbs R. G. J. , Bloomfield L. , Lyons S. , Samarasinghe D. , Rosenfeld P. , Gabriel C. M. , Hogg D. , Bicknell C. D. 
Published: August 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1304–1307 (2010)AbstractAims  To establish a method to assess amputation incidence that addresses the problems matching a numerator with an appropriate denominator in London and to demonstrate low amputation incidence associated with the activity of our multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic.Methods  Hospital‐coded inpatient data was examined to derive the numerator: the number of non‐traumatic amputations performed on subjects with diabetes each financial year where the Primary Care Trust commissioner code was our main local Primary Care Trust. Denominators were derived from the main local Primary Care Trust’s Quality and Outcomes Framework data sets. Not all Primary Care Trust subjects with diabetes receive inpatient care at our hospital, so that the denominators were corrected for the hospital’s percentage market share for the provision of inpatient diabetes care for the Primary Care Trust each financial year, derived from the Dr Foster database.Results  Between April 2004 and April 2009, 44 Primary Care Trust subjects with diabetes underwent 34 minor and 10 major amputations at the hospital. Although the Primary Care Trust populations with and without diabetes increased, the hospital’s Primary Care Trust percentage market share decreased, so that overall denominators decreased. The mean annual incidence of minor, major and total amputations over the five financial years was 14.7, 4.2 and 18.9 per 10 000 subjects with diabetes, respectively, and 3.9, 1.1 and 5.0 per 100 000 of the general population, respectively.Conclusions  We report for the first time amputation incidence in a London population. Acknowledging the limitations of accurately defining incidence in London, we demonstrate low amputation incidence associated with our multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic.
EXPLORATION IN SAVINGS BEHAVIOUR
Authors: FISHER MALCOLM R. 
Published: August 2010

This paper essays a reasonably comprehensive econometric analysis of the results of the 1953 sample Savings Survey of residents of the United Kingdom. Part I consists of a preliminary survey of the problem and methods of analysis and of a search for the key variables influencing individual saving patterns.In Part II two new theories of saving propounded by Modigliani and Brumberg and by Friedman are submitted to more specific testing. The Modigliani‐Brumberg theory is extended to cover variations in family size, and the implications of the Friedman hypothesis as to the role of assets as a reserve for emergencies are elucidated. A number of facets of these theories are submitted to test and their implications for the analysis of comprehensive and representative equations adumbrated.
Client participation: increasing opportunities for severely mentally handicapped adults
Authors: PORTERFIELD JAN 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIt is very important for severely mentally handicapped people to use the skills that they have and to be helped to expand these skills. Being given more opportunities for participation helps severely handicapped people lead more ordinary and happier lives.This article describes ways in which staff of residential and day accommodation for severely mentally handicapped adults can give their clients more opportunities to participate actively in everyday aspects of life such as cooking, cleaning, recreation, gardening and shopping. Ways of organising staff, providing age‐appropriate activities, and encouraging even the most severely handicapped to participate are also discussed.
AN UNUSUAL TOILETING PROBLEM
Authors: Armitage Daphne , Holder Denis 
Published: August 2010

The Warrington Community Mental Handicap Team has been functioning for 2 1/2 years, and is the only Community Team in Cheshire actually based in the community. As core members, we have close links with the Psychology Department of the local mental handicap hospital.We describe the implementation of a toileting programme with a severely mentally handicapped 17‐year‐old girl. Several attempts to solve the problem had been made previously and we were trying to eliminate a well‐established pattern of behaviour. We were especially anxious to succeed where others had failed. The whole process took 18 months of fairly intensive work.
SYSTEMATIC TRAINING OF BUS, SHOPPING, AND CAFETERIA SKILLS
Authors: Desai Asha B. 
Published: August 2010

Four mentally handicapped adults from an ATC were systematically trained (using role‐play and other techniques) to travel by bus, go shopping, and use cafés at a local shopping complex. It was hypothesised that their general social interaction skills would improve as a consequence of teaching them these three specific self‐help or “community living” skills (Marholin et al., 1979).Pre‐ and post‐measurements on the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scales, and on an observational scale (TAF) devised by the author, showed that this prediction was fulfilled. There were also clear improvements in the three taught skills although these were not always statistically significant. The trainees' level of confidence (as measured by the TAS) also showed improvement, with increasing independence in using these public facilities.Since this study, three more groups at the ATC have started using the same assessment and training methods.
Communication and language in mental handicap. 1. Meaningful terms: an introduction to some terms and concepts used in the study of communication and language
Authors: Bell Ian 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIn the literature on linguistics, language acquisition, and disordered language there is much confusion in the use of terminology (Lyons, 1970; Sheridan, 1972; Crystal, 1980, 1982a). Even basic terms which have quite distinct meanings are often used interchangeably, seriously hindering staff whose job it is to meet the needs of people who have problems with language. As Crystal (1976) states, terms should be clearly defined and consistently used.This article explores the meanings of certain key terms in the hope that they will be better understood, and more consistently used, by staff working with mentally handicapped people. It also indicates some important aspects of language, paving the way for a discussion of the language curriculum in subsequent articles.
Communication and language in mental handicap
Authors: Bell Ian 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYAt a recent course for teachers of children with severe learning difficulties* dissatisfaction with current attempts to assist their development of communication and language skills was expressed. It was suggested that a comprehensive communication and language curriculum would help improve matters, by providing guidance in the planning of individual programmes. The development of such a curriculum, however, was seen as an extremely complex and difficult task, and there were even doubts as to whether it was feasible at all. This article, and the next in the series, presents and develops some of the ideas raised during the course.
Using music in mental handicap
Authors: Oldfield Amelia , Parry Carol 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe work of the Speech Therapy and Music Therapy Departments of Ida Darwin Hospital is briefly described, and the links and differences between these departments and some of the paramedical professions are examined. Techniques used by the speech therapist and the music therapist to help develop communication and speech are described, in the categories: prelinguistic skills; vocalisation; and articulation and intonation. Several techniques are described in each category and a few specific examples are given.
Calculating staffing levels using the DTMH Assessment— A NOTE OF CAUTION
Authors: Matthews Shane , Staite Sue 
Published: August 2010

The Psychology Department of Southmead Health Authority has completed a register of its mental handicap unit population for two years. The Wessex Mental Handicap Assessment (used in 1983) and the Development Team for the Mentally Handicapped (DTMH) Assessment (used in 1984) have provided a wide range of information useful to and requested by people working within the respective hospitals and hostels. The register has identified need and played a role in future planning. The use of a micro computer has made its information easily accessible.While it is appreciated that a large scale survey can only produce results of uncertain accuracy, it is considered that the Behavioural problem questions in the DTMH Assessment are not comprehensive enough. People with problems that might broadly be called “psychiatric” are not identified, which consequently underestimates the amount of staff support needed. A possible modification is suggested which could help to overcome this.
THE PRIVATE SECTOR: Just landladies or carers?
Authors: Ferrity Barbara J. , Ford Deidre J. , Bratt Andrew D. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe authors describe how the community mental handicap team of which they are members works with the “private sector”. They believe that by giving prospective private carers good information and thorough vetting before placements are made, and then subsequently supporting clients and carer, a good quality of life can be achieved.
Pre‐school children with special needs and their families: increased community experiences through playgroups and mother and toddler groups
Authors: Wilson Veronica 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYSouth Glamorgan Pre‐school Playgroups Association Referral Scheme was established to increase opportunities for community involvement for families of children with special needs following a two year feasibility study involving consultation with parents, the groups, and statutory and voluntary organisations. The Scheme provides information and support to families, and introductions to groups which it supports with volunteer helpers, advice, training, and equipment. By October 1984, 66 referrals had resulted in 22 places and another 21 families were receiving support.
THE WHOLE CHILD: achieving a balanced curriculum for secondary age pupils with severe learning difficulties
Authors: Sillitoe Pippa 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYCentral to the educational needs and development of any pupil with severe learning difficulties should be the procedure of assessment, programme planning, recording, and evaluation.Part 1 of this paper, published in the last issue of Mental Handicap, detailed the methodology of educational priority teaching which exists at Melland School.This second part will outline the programme of structured opportunities for leisure and broach the important issue of planning for and teaching skill generalisation.Taking both parts together, the paper shows how, through widely differing activity content, the needs of the “whole child” are being met.
Helping people with mental handicaps cope with bereavement:
Authors: Kitching Nicola 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThis article describes the delayed grief reaction of a woman with mental handicap to her mother's death. It illustrates how “guided mourning” can be successful in helping people with mental handicaps to resolve their grief, and it highlights their bereavement needs, especially their capacity and their right to grieve. When people who are mentally handicapped have lost someone close, society's traditional reaction has been to conceal the facts from them and to ignore the possibility that they may grieve. Some of the reasons for this are reviewed. The last two sections look at the emerging recognition of the impact loss can have on people who are handicapped, and suggest ways of helping to alleviate their distress.