bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of Dementia Caregiver Uplifts and Implications for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Donovan Mary Lou , Corcoran Mary A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Most occupational therapy interventions for caregivers are designed to reduce negative consequences of caregiving by building skills to manage problem behaviors and dependence. However, therapists may be missing an opportunity to provide interventions that directly help caregivers to emphasize and act on positive aspects of care. We describe care-related thinking and action processes of long-term caregivers who report positive effects related to caring for a spouse with dementia.
METHOD. We analyzed data from 15 experienced and uplifted (reporting improved well-being from caregiving) spouse caregivers to describe how they think about and carry out their care duties.
RESULTS. We describe two primary themes of caregiver thinking and action: (1) engaging in positive behaviors and (2) making adjustments in attitudes.
CONCLUSION. These findings support a new focus for occupational therapy caregiver intervention that promotes a positive approach to thinking about and enacting care tasks.
Rationalizing the equilibration and cooling stages of cryopreservation: The effect of cell size distribution
Authors: Fadda S. , Cincotti A. , Cao G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel model able to quantitatively describe intracellular ice formation (IIF) as a function of temperature in a cell population characterized by a size distribution is proposed for the case when a permeant cryoprotectant agent (CPA) is present. As such, the model represents the ideal extension of the one recently proposed by the authors for interpreting the behavior of a size‐distributed population of cells during cryopreservation without CPA. To resemble the experimental procedure actually adopted, the former model is coherently modified for the simulation of the initial equilibration stage (i.e., a one‐step CPA permeation kinetics into cells initially under isotonic conditions to be suspended in a water/salt/CPA solution at ambient temperature) and of the subsequent cooling stage at constant rate down to −60°C. Specifically, the size distribution dynamics of a cell population in response to water osmosis, CPA permeation, and IIF is simulated by means of a suitable population balance approach. Water and CPA intracellular transport equations based on the classical Kedem and Katchalsky formalism are coupled to the quantitative description of nucleation and diffusion‐limited growth of ice crystals in the framework of a one‐dimensional population balance equation. The driving forces of all the physico‐chemical phenomena involved are evaluated by taking into account the relevant ternary phase diagram, whereas the viscosity of the cytoplasm solution is properly accounted as a function of the salt and CPA concentrations. After a reasoned choice of the values of model parameters, the behavior of isolated rat hepatocytes suspended in a water/sodium‐chloride/glycerol solution is simulated and analyzed at different, practicable (i.e., low) constant cooling rates and CPA equilibration concentrations. It is confirmed that differently sized cells in a single population exhibit different IIF temperatures under the same operative conditions even in the presence of CPA. Correspondingly, the probability of IIF results to be a function of the initial size distribution of the cell population. Depending on the specific operative conditions adopted, the size distribution and the osmotic properties of the cell lineage at hand, IIF at −60°C may be lethal for a fraction of the cell population (i.e., larger size classes), or it may not reach a dangerous level for the intermediate size class cells, while it will not even take place for the smaller ones. Finally, even if no comparison with experimental data is provided, an original and physically sound explanation for several, well‐known experimental evidences, which appeared in a number of articles available in the literature of cell cryopreservation with CPA, is comprehensively given. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
The dynamics of single air bubbles and alcohol drops in sunflower oil at various temperatures
Authors: Duangsuwan W. , Tuzun U. , Sermon P.A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSteady rises of a single air bubble, a methanol drop, and an ethanol drop in a vertical glass column of refined sunflower oil at temperatures of 25, 30, 40, and 50°C are investigated experimentally using photography. The Reynolds numbers obtained are 0.07–16, 0.02–13.43, and 0.017–11.18 for the air bubbles, methanol drops, and ethanol drops, respectively. Results for terminal velocity and drag coefficient are compared with the selected existing correlations for bubble and drop motions in immiscible liquids. Correlations by Rodrigue show good agreement for various bubble sizes and system temperatures. Experimental drag coefficients of methanol and ethanol drops show a systematic deviation from the Oliver and Chung and the Darton and Harrison correlations, respectively. Considering the effect of dissolution of alcohol in vegetable oil, which varies with temperature, on the drop dynamics, semiempirical correction factors are applied to the last two correlations to fit the experimental results. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Occupational injuries to oregon workers 24 years and younger: An analysis of workers' compensation claims, 2000–2007
Authors: Walters Jaime K. , A. Christensen Kari , K. Green Mandy , E. Karam Lauren , D. Kincl Laurel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundOccupational injuries to adolescents and young adults are a known public health problem. We sought to describe and estimate rates of occupational injuries to workers younger than 25 years of age in Oregon during an 8‐year period.MethodsOregon workers' compensation disabling claims data (n = 23,325) and one commercial insurance carrier's non‐disabling claims data (n = 16,153) were analyzed. Total employment from the Local Employment Dynamics of the U.S. Census Bureau and the Oregon Labor Market Information System was used as a denominator for rates.ResultsInjuries were more frequent among 22–24 year olds and among males, though females accounted for a higher proportion of claims in the youngest age group. The most common injury type was a sprain or strain, but lacerations and burns were more frequently reported in the 14–18 year olds. When non‐disabling claims were included, the rate of injury for 14–18 year olds doubled. The overall rate of injury was 122.7/10,000 workers, but was higher in the construction, manufacturing, and transportation sectors, and in the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting sector for older teens and young adults.ConclusionsYoung workers continue to be at risk for occupational injuries. Our results show that specific interventions may be needed for older teen and young adult workers to reduce their rate of injury. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:984–994, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of new world primates for biomedical research: an overview of the last four decades
Authors: Torres Laila Brito , Silva Araujo Bruno Henrique , Gomes de Castro Paulo Henrique , Romero Cabral Francisco , Sarges Marruaz Klena , Silva Araujo Michelle , Gomes da Silva Sergio , Muniz José Augusto Pereira Carneiro , Cavalheiro Esper Abrão 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnimal experimentation contributes significantly to the progression of science. Nonhuman primates play a particularly important role in biomedical research not only because of their anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral similarities with humans but also because of their close phylogenetic affinities. In order to investigate the use of New World primates (NWP) in biomedical research over the last four decades (1966–2005), we performed a quantitative study of the literature listed in bibliographic databases from the Health Sciences. The survey was performed for each genus of NWP that has been bred in the National Center of Primates in Brazil. The number of articles published was determined for each genus and sorted according to the country from which the studies originated and the general scientific field. The data obtained suggests that Brazil is a leader in generating knowledge with NWP models for translational medicine. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1055–1061, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amyloidogenic Protein–Membrane Interactions: Mechanistic Insight from Model Systems
Authors: Butterfield Sara M. , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe toxicity of amyloid‐forming proteins is correlated with their interactions with cell membranes. Binding events between amyloidogenic proteins and membranes result in mutally disruptive structural perturbations, which are associated with toxicity. Membrane surfaces promote the conversion of amyloid‐forming proteins into toxic aggregates, and amyloidogenic proteins, in turn, compromise the structural integrity of the cell membrane. Recent studies with artificial model membranes have highlighted the striking resemblance of the mechanisms of membrane permeabilization of amyloid‐forming proteins to those of pore‐forming toxins and antimicrobial peptides.
Nanoparticle effects on the morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene spunbond webs
Authors: Hegde Raghavendra R. , Bhat Gajanan S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report morphology and mechanical properties of natural nanoclay incorporated spunbond polypropylene composite webs. Nanocomposite spunbond webs were produced with up to 5 wt % natural nanoclay additives on Reicofil®‐2 spunbond line. Influence of nanoclay on the resin rheological properties, processibility, and mechanical properties of webs were studied. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis were used to investigate the nanocomposite morphology. Intercalated and flocculated morphology was observed for all the concentrates and for all the spunbond fiber webs. The microstructure and polymer morphology in the presence of additives was characterized using a polarized optical microscope. At higher percentage, excess clay platelets were excluded out of the spherulite boundaries. About 20–30% increase in tear strength was observed for webs with up to 2 wt % nanoclay additives. Compared with the control polypropylene spunbond web, nanoclay reinforced samples showed better dimensional stability. Different failure mode was observed for spunbond webs with additives. Spunbond webs with even as low as 1 wt % clay retain their morphology and integrity in bond point after thermal bonding. Nanoclay incorporated spunbond webs showed significant improvements in the stiffness. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Removal of cadmium ions from synthetic aqueous solutions with a novel nanosulfonated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) cation exchanger: Kinetic and equilibrium studies
Authors: Mohy‐Eldin M. S. , Elkady M. F. , Abu‐Saied M. A. , Rahman A. M. Abdel , Soliman E. A. , Elzatahry A. A. , Youssef M. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA fundamental investigation of the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by synthesized sulfonated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (SPGMA) was conducted under batch conditions. The kinetic and equilibrium results obtained for cadmium sorption with different initial cadmium concentrations onto synthesized SPGMA were analyzed. Kinetic modeling analysis with four different types of kinetic sorption models (pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, simple Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion rate models) was applied to simulate the cadmium‐sorption data. The analysis of the kinetic data indicated that the sorption was a second‐order process and was pore‐diffusion‐controlled. An ion‐exchange mechanism may have existed in the cadmium‐sorption process with the synthesized SPGMA. The cadmium uptake by SPGMA was quantitatively evaluated with equilibrium sorption isotherms. To describe the isotherms mathematically, the experimental data of the removal equilibrium were correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models, and the applicability of these isotherm equations to the sorption systems was compared on the basis of the correlation coefficients. The applicability of the equilibrium isotherm models followed this order: Freundlich > Langmuir > Temkin > D–R. The maximum sorption capacity, determined from the Langmuir isotherm, was 555.55 mg/g at 25°C. Thermodynamic parameters, including changes in the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy, were calculated. Positive values for the change in enthalpy and negative values for the change in the Gibbs free energy showed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption, respectively. The relatively small value of the activation energy (32.12 kJ/mol) confirmed that the cadmium‐sorption process was diffusion‐controlled. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A spatial queuing approach to optimize coordinated signal settings to obviate gridlock in adjacent work zones
Authors: Wong C.K. , Wong S.C. , Lo Hong K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGridlock is defined when traffic comes to a complete halt inducing huge delays. If a work zone on a two‐lane two‐way highway is set up, in which one of the traffic lanes is closed for maintenance road works, the remaining lane has to be controlled to serve the two‐way traffic alternatively. The study objective is to optimize the traffic signal controls across two closely spaced work zones to prevent a gridlock, which can occur easily if upstream and downstream signals are not well coordinated. When vehicle queues build up in the middle sections between two work zones and further expand to occupy the single available lanes in both directions, the two‐way traffic is then blocked and no vehicle can leave from the queues generating a gridlock. To address this problem, spatial queues are important parameters that must be explicitly analyzed. The cell transmission model, which is known to be a robust mathematical tool for the modeling of queue dynamics, is adopted in this study. A signal cell is used to represent each traffic signal control, the exit flow capacity of which is defined in accordance with the signal plan. A set of linear constraints is established to relate all of the model parameters and variables. The objective function is taken as the total number of vehicles in the critical section between the two work zones. The minimization of this objective function can effectively obviate the occurrence of a gridlock. The optimization problem is formulated as a Binary‐Mixed‐Integer‐Linear‐Program that can be solved by the standard branch‐and‐bound technique. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
White matter integrity in Asperger syndrome: a preliminary diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study in adults
Authors: Bloemen Oswald J.N. , Deeley Quinton , Sundram Fred , Daly Eileen M. , Barker Gareth J. , Jones Derek K. , van Amelsvoort Therese A.M.J. , Schmitz Nicole , Robertson Dene , Murphy Kieran C. , Murphy Declan G.M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), including Asperger syndrome and autism, is a highly genetic neurodevelopmental disorder. There is a consensus that ASD has a biological basis, and it has been proposed that it is a “connectivity” disorder. Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DT‐MRI) allows measurement of the microstructural integrity of white matter (a proxy measure of “connectivity”). However, nobody has investigated the microstructural integrity of whole brain white matter in people with Asperger syndrome. Methods: We measured the fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) of white matter, using DT‐MRI, in 13 adults with Asperger syndrome and 13 controls. The groups did not differ significantly in overall intelligence and age. FA, MD and RD were assessed using whole brain voxel‐based techniques. Results: Adults with Asperger syndrome had a significantly lower FA than controls in 13 clusters. These were largely bilateral and included white matter in the internal capsule, frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, cingulum and corpus callosum. Conclusions: Adults with Asperger syndrome have widespread significant differences from controls in white matter microstructural integrity.
Strengthening parent well‐being at the work—family interface: A German trial on workplace Triple P
Authors: Hartung Doreen , Hahlweg Kurt 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study examines the efficacy of a parenting training (Workplace Triple P (WPTP)) especially designed for the needs of employed parents. The program aims to reduce stress at the work–parenting interface by targeting family risk and protective factors and assisting parents to manage competing work and family demands. Ninety‐seven part‐ and full‐time working parents (74 mothers and 23 fathers; intervention group: n = 42 parents; waitlist‐control group n = 55 parents) from multiple organizations and multiple occupations with children between 2 and 10 years were randomly assigned to an intervention and a waitlist‐control condition. After the training, parents from the intervention condition, compared to those from the waitlist‐control condition, reported a significant reduction in individual and work‐related stress. Additionally, they reported a significant reduction in dysfunctional parenting and significant higher levels of parental and occupational self‐efficacy. Within the intervention condition all effects were maintained at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up examinations. The findings support the notion that WPTP promotes parental well‐being and reduces stress at the work–parenting interface. Given that strengthening parenting skills has the potential to strengthen work, strategies to implement WPTP in organizational resources and community‐based services are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young people's views of their present and future selves in two deprived communities
Authors: Kloep M. , Hendry L.B. , Gardner C. , Seage C.H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study set out to explore the perceptions of young people from two deprived former mining communities in South Wales about their present and future selves. An opportunity sample of 11 teenagers was asked to describe a normal and an ideal day in their lives. Interview transcripts were submitted to a theory‐led analysis to gauge the components of young people's selves and their hopes and fears of the future. Findings indicated diversity in the young people's future selves. While some young people were able to construct positive future selves despite adversity, others perceived no resources for a positive future, particularly if they shouldered heavy caring responsibilities, or suffered a lack of respect and recognition. Findings demonstrate powerfully that general protective or risk factors do not simply determine young people's perceived developmental paths, but rather that factors from both micro‐ and macro‐systems work in unique combination for each individual in creating upward – or downward – developmental trajectories. Implications for practice and further research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incarcerating juveniles in adult prisons as a factor in depression
Authors: Ng Irene Y.H. , Shen Xiaoyi , Sim Helen , Sarri Rosemary C. , Stoffregen Elizabeth , Shook Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground While existing research has shown higher prevalence of depression among incarcerated youths compared with non‐incarcerated youths, none has studied incarceration as a cause of depression.Aims/hypothesis This study suggests that incarceration, in particular placement of youths in adult incarceration, is a factor in developing depression.Method A records based comparison of depression among youths in different types of incarceration with non‐incarcerated youths, controlling for other predictors of depression, namely offence type, family poverty, parents' history of incarceration and demographic profile.Results Youths in adult placements were significantly more likely to be depressed than youths in juvenile placements and community‐based youths.Conclusion and implications The findings suggest that there are mental health implications against incarcerating youths in adult prisons, a concern that current juvenile justice might not have considered adequately. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Spin Coupling in Roussin’s Red and Black Salts
Authors: Hopmann Kathrin H. , Noodleman Louis , Ghosh Abhik 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough DFT calculations have provided a first‐order electronic‐structural description for Roussin’s red and black salts, a detailed study of spin coupling in these species has yet to be reported. Such an analysis is presented here for the first time, based on broken‐symmetry density functional theory (DFT, chiefly OLYP/STO‐TZP) calculations. Both the Noodleman and Yamaguchi formulas were used to evaluate the Heisenberg coupling constants (J). Three nitrosylated binuclear clusters were studied: [Fe2(NO)2(Et‐HPTB)(O2CPh)]2+ (1; Et‐HPTB=N,N,N',N'‐tetrakis‐(N‐ethyl‐2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐diaminopropane), [Fe(NO)2{Fe(NO)(NS3)}‐S,S'] (2), and Roussin’s red salt anion [Fe2(NO)4(μ‐S)2]2− (3). Although the Heisenberg J for 1 is small (≈102 cm−1), 2 and 3 exhibit J values that are at least an order of magnitude higher (≈103 cm−1), where the J values refer to the following Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian: ℋ︁=JSA⋅SB. For Roussin’s black salt anion, [Fe4(NO)7(μ3‐S)3]− (4), the Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian describing spin coupling between the {FeNO}7 unit (SA=3/2) and the three {Fe(NO)2}9 units (SB=SC=SD=1/2) in [Fe4(NO)7(μ3‐S)3]− was assumed to have the form: ℋ︁=J12(SA⋅SB+SA⋅SC+SA⋅SD)+J22(SB⋅SC+SB⋅SD+SC⋅SD), in which J12 corresponds to the interaction between the apical iron and a basal iron, and J22 refers to that between any two basal iron centers. Although the basal–basal coupling constant J22 was found to be small (≈102 cm−1), the apical–basal coupling constant J12 is some forty times higher (≈4000 cm−1). Thus, the nitrosylated iron–sulfur clusters feature some exceptionally high J values relative to the non‐nitrosylated {2Fe2S} and {4Fe4S} clusters. An analysis of spin‐dependent bonding energies shed light on this curious feature. In essence, the energy difference between the high‐spin (i.e., ferromagnetically coupled iron sites) and low‐spin (i.e., maximum spin coupling) states of Roussin’s salts are indeed rather similar to those of analogous non‐nitrosylated iron–sulfur clusters. However, the individual Fe(NO)x (x=1, 2) site spins are lower in the nitrosylated systems, resulting in a smaller denominator in both the Noodleman and Yamaguchi formulas for J, which in turn translates into the very high J values.