bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation and validation of an Iranian version of the Diabetes Quality of Life measure
Authors: Pakpour Amir H , Saffari Mohsen , Burri Andrea 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAims/Introduction:  The objective of this study was to translate and validate an Iranian version of the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) questionnaire in an Iranian population of males and females with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods:  A total of 503 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from nine diabetes clinics across several Iranian cities. A standard backward and forward translation procedure was used to convert the English version of the DQOL into the Iranian language (Persian). Internal consistency, convergent validity, known group comparison, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and factorial invariance were applied for the assessment of psychometric properties of the translated version.Results:  The translated version of the DQOL showed adequate internal consistency reliabilities for all subscales (Cronbach’s α >0.70). CFA confirmed the underlying domain structure to be the same as for the original English version, therefore supporting the factorial validity of the translated questionnaire. In addition, questionnaire responsiveness showed good sensitivity to interventions.Conclusions:  In conclusion, the translated Iranian version of DQOL has shown high internal reliability and good construct validity, and can potentially be applied as an assessment tool for health‐related quality of life in patients with diabetes. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2012.00217.x, 2012)
Narratives of criminal action and forensic psychology
Authors: Canter David , Youngs Donna 
Published: May 2012

Purpose. In commenting on Youngs and Canter's (2011) study, Ward (2011) raises concerns about offenders’ personal narratives and their link to self‐concepts and identity. His comments relate to explorations of personal life stories rather than the narratives of actual crimes that are the focus of Youngs and Canter's (2011) study. The elaboration of this different focus helps to allay many of Ward's (2011) concerns and reveals further possibilities for developing the narrative approach within forensic psychology.Methods. The focus on offenders’ accounts of a particular crime allows the development of a standard pro forma, the Narrative Role Questionnaire (NRQ), which deals with the roles a person thinks they played when committing a crime. These roles act as a summary of the criminal's offence narrative. Multivariate analysis of the NRQ clarifies the specific narrative themes explored by Youngs and Canter (2011).Results. The examination of the components of the NRQ indicates that offence narratives encapsulate many psychological processes including thinking styles, self‐concepts, and affective components. This allows the four narrative themes identified by Youngs and Canter to provide the basis for rich hypotheses about the interaction between the dynamics of personal stories and identity. The four narratives of criminal action also offer a foundation for understanding the particular, detailed styles of offending action and the immediate, direct processes that act to instigate and shape these.Conclusion. These developments in our understanding of offence narratives generate fruitful research questions that bridge the concerns of investigative and correctional applications of narrative theory.
Evaluation of Pain and Accuracy Diagnostic in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Predebon Caroline Maier , da Cruz Diná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro , Matos Fabiana Gonçalves de Oliveira Azevedo , Ferreira Anali Martegani , Pasin Simone , Rabelo Eneida Rejane 
Published: May 2012

PURPOSE:  Acute pain occurs in over 50% of hospitalized children. The accuracy of this diagnosis has been underexplored in the literature, as has the role of training to implement pain assessment. This study analyzed the accuracy of acute pain diagnoses after the implementation of a systematic evaluation of pain (study intervention).METHOD:  The sample was divided into: pre‐ and postintervention. The Nursing Diagnosis Accuracy Scale, which scores accuracy as null, low, moderate, or high, was used.RESULTS:  In the postimplementation, acute pain was diagnosed more often. However, accuracy only improved in the moderate category.CONCLUSION:  Diagnosis of acute pain increased in the postimplementation period, but accuracy did not.IMPLICATIONS:  The development of strategies for improvement of diagnostic accuracy is warranted.
A new signalling pathway for parallel fibre presynaptic type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4) in the rat cerebellar cortex
Authors: Abitbol Karine , McLean Heather , Bessiron Thomas , Daniel Hervé 
Published: May 2012

Key points
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian brain. It can activate ionotropic receptors underlying fast glutamatergic transmission as well as G protein‐coupled metabotropic receptors (mGluR1–8), which are pre‐ and postsynaptic modulators of this fast excitatory neurotransmission.
In the rodent cerebellum, activation of presynaptic mGluR4 depresses excitatory synaptic transmission at parallel fibre–Purkinje cell synapses. We show that this depression involves the inhibition of presynaptic calcium influx via a newly defined signalling pathway, which notably involves the activation of phospholipase C and ultimately protein kinase C.
The study of the molecular basis of mGluR signalling pathways is an important research topic because these receptors may be implicated in certain neurodegenerative disorders, like Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. As such, these receptors are becoming crucial targets for a number of therapeutic agents.
Abstract  In the rodent cerebellum, pharmacological activation of mGluR4 acutely depresses excitatory synaptic transmission at parallel fibre–Purkinje cell synapses. This depression involves the inhibition of presynaptic calcium (Ca2+) influx that ultimately controls glutamate release. In this study, we investigate the molecular basis of mGluR4‐mediated inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ transients. Our results demonstrate that the mGluR4 effect does not depend on selective inhibition of a specific type of presynaptic voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel, but rather involves modulation of all classes of Ca2+ channels present in the presynaptic terminals. In addition, this inhibitory effect does not involve the activation of G protein‐activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels, TEA‐sensitive potassium channels or two‐pore‐domain potassium channels. Furthermore, this inhibition does not require pertussis toxin‐sensitive G proteins, and is independent of any effect on adenylyl cyclases, protein kinase A, mitogen‐activated protein kinases or phosphoinositol‐3 kinase activity. Interestingly we found that mGluR4 inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ influx employs a newly defined signalling pathway, notably that involving the activation of phospholipase C and ultimately protein kinase C.
Differential representation of auditory categories between cell classes in primate auditory cortex
Authors: Tsunada Joji , Lee Jung H. , Cohen Yale E. 
Published: May 2012

Key points
The role that pyramidal neurons and interneurons have in auditory behaviour and cognition remains unknown.
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that pyramidal cells and interneurons in the auditory cortex play a differential role in auditory categorization.
Putative interneurons in the auditory cortex were more selective for auditory categories than putative pyramidal neurons.
The greater category selectivity in putative interneurons may be a characteristic of auditory categorization in the microcircuit of the auditory cortex.
Abstract  A comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms of cognitive function requires an understanding of how neural representations are transformed across different scales of neural organization: from within local microcircuits to across different brain areas. However, the neural transformations within the local microcircuits are poorly understood. Particularly, the role that two main cell classes of neurons in cortical microcircuits (i.e. pyramidal neurons and interneurons) have in auditory behaviour and cognition remains unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that pyramidal cells and interneurons in the auditory cortex play a differential role in auditory categorization. To test this hypothesis, we recorded single‐unit activity from the auditory cortex of rhesus monkeys while they categorized speech sounds. Based on the spike‐waveform shape, a neuron was classified as either a narrow‐spiking putative interneuron or a broad‐spiking putative pyramidal neuron. We found that putative interneurons and pyramidal neurons in the auditory cortex differentially coded category information: interneurons were more selective for auditory categories than pyramidal neurons. These differences between cell classes may be an essential property of the neural computations underlying auditory categorization within the microcircuitry of the auditory cortex.
Distinct neural ensembles in the rat gustatory cortex encode salt and water tastes
Authors: MacDonald Christopher J. , Meck Warren H. , Simon Sidney A. 
Published: May 2012

Key points
In the primary taste cortex, two populations of neurons have been identified whose activity either correlates or anticorrelates with tastant concentration.
The relative contribution of each population to signalling the perceived intensity of taste is unknown.
To resolve this issue, we recorded activity from neurons in primary taste cortex while rats made choices that depended on NaCl concentration cues to obtain water reward.
Two neural ensemble's neural activity anticorrelated with NaCl concentration, but differed according to their response to water as one ensemble tracked the solution's osmotic pressure.
A third neural ensemble's activity was correlated with NaCl concentration and had the strongest relationship to the rat's choices, suggesting a central role in signalling the perceived intensity of NaCl solutions.
A fourth neural ensemble responded only to water, but some of these neurons were influenced by behavioural context because they responded differently to water presented as a cue versus reward.
Abstract  The gustatory cortex (GC) is important for perceiving the intensity of tastants but it remains unclear as to how single neurons in the region carry out this function. Previous studies have shown that taste‐evoked activity from single neurons in GC can be correlated or anticorrelated with tastant concentration, yet whether one or both neural responses signal intensity is poorly characterized because animals from these studies were not trained to report the intensity of the concentration that they tasted. To address this issue, we designed a two‐alternative forced choice (2‐AFC) task in which freely licking rats distinguished among concentrations of NaCl and recorded from ensembles of neurons in the GC. We identified three neural ensembles that rapidly (<300 ms or ∼2 licks) processed NaCl concentration. For two ensembles, their NaCl evoked activity was anticorrelated with NaCl concentration but could be further distinguished by their response to water; in one ensemble, water evoked the greatest response while in the other ensemble the lowest tested NaCl concentration evoked the greatest response. However, the concentration sensitive activity from each of these ensembles did not show a strong association with the behaviour of the rat in the 2‐AFC task, suggesting a lesser role for signalling tastant intensity. Conversely, for a third neural ensemble, its neural activity was well correlated with increases in NaCl concentration, and this relationship best matched the intensity perceived by the rat. These results suggest that this neuronal ensemble in GC whose activity monotonically increases with concentration plays an important role in signalling the intensity of the taste of NaCl.
Insensitivity of Chromosome I and the Cell Cycle to Blockage of Replication and Segregation of Vibrio cholerae Chromosome II
Authors: Kadoya Ryosuke , Chattoraj Dhruba K. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae
has two chromosomes (chrI and chrII) whose replication and segregation are under different genetic controls. The region covering the replication origin of chrI resembles that of the
Escherichia coli
chromosome, and both origins are under control of the highly conserved initiator, DnaA. The origin region of chrII resembles that of plasmids that have iterated initiator-binding sites (iterons) and is under control of the chrII-specific initiator, RctB. Both chrI and chrII encode chromosome-specific orthologs of plasmid partitioning proteins, ParA and ParB. Here, we have interfered with chrII replication, segregation, or both, using extra copies of sites that titrate RctB or ParB. Under these conditions, replication and segregation of chrI remain unaffected for at least 1 cell cycle. In this respect, chrI behaves similarly to the
E. coli
chromosome when plasmid maintenance is disturbed in the same cell. Apparently, no checkpoint exists to block cell division before the crippled chromosome is lost by a failure to replicate or to segregate. Whether blocking chrI replication can affect chrII replication remains to be tested.

IMPORTANCE
Chromosome replication, chromosome segregation, and cell division are the three main events of the cell cycle. They occur in an orderly fashion once per cell cycle. How the sequence of events is controlled is only beginning to be answered in bacteria. The finding of bacteria that possess more than one chromosome raises the important question: how are different chromosomes coordinated in their replication and segregation? It appears that in the evolution of the two-chromosome genome of
V. cholerae
, either the secondary chromosome adapted to the main chromosome to ensure its maintenance or it is maintained independently, as are bacterial plasmids. An understanding of chromosome coordination is expected to bear on the evolutionary process of chromosome acquisition and on the efficacy of possible strategies for selective elimination of a pathogen by targeting a specific chromosome.
HER2/neutesting for anti-HER2-based therapies in patients with unresectable and/or metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Gómez-Martin Carlos , Garralda Elena , Echarri M José , Ballesteros Anabel , Arcediano Alberto , Rodríguez-Peralto José Luis , Hidalgo Manuel , López-Ríos Fernando 
Published: May 2012

AimTo study the HER2 gene amplification or overexpression in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) and their association with patient characteristics and patient survival.Patients and methodsTumour tissue samples from 148 patients with advanced GC were studied for HER2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and dual colour silver enhanced in situ hybridisation (dc-SISH) methods. Clinicopathological data from all patients were collected. Progression free survival and overall survival were also analysed.ResultsMean age was 67 (33–83) years; 75% were male subjects, and 51% had intestinal histological type. HER2+ rates were 10.1% (15/148) by IHC, 18.2% (27/148) by FISH+ or 21.6% (32/148) by dc-SISH+. There were significant differences in HER2+ rates according to histological type when FISH (intestinal, 23%; no intestinal, 4%; p<0.0001) or dc-SISH (intestinal, 26%; no intestinal, 6%; p<0.0001) amplification techniques were used. Median overall survival was significantly longer in HER2+ patients despite the determination technique used: IHC (21.4 vs 9.8 months, HR 0.42; p=0.005); FISH (19.6 vs 9.7 months, HR 0.49; p=0.007) or dc-SISH (19.6 vs 9.7 months, HR 0.53; p=0.009). Factors associated with favourable survival in the multivariate analysis were intestinal type and Her2+ determination by IHC, FISH or dc-SISH.ConclusionHER2 gene amplification is significantly associated with patient survival. HER2 gene amplification approaches might be an optimal HER2/neutesting strategy for the selection of HER2+ GC patients who are candidates to be treated with anti-HER2 therapies.
Rsf-1 expression in rectal cancer: with special emphasis on the independent prognostic value after neoadjuvant chemoradiation
Authors: Lin Ching-Yih , Tian Yu-Feng , Wu Li-Ching , Chen Li-Tzong , Lin Li-Ching , Hsing Chung-Hsi , Lee Sung-Wei , Sheu Ming-Jen , Lee Hao-Hsien , Wang Yu-Hui , Shiue Yow-Ling , Wu Wen-Ren , Huang Hsuan-Ying , Hsu Han-Ping , Li Chien-Feng , Chen Shang-Hung 
Published: May 2012

AimsNeoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is an increasingly used therapeutic strategy for rectal cancer. Clinically, it remains a major challenge to predict therapeutic response and patient outcome after CRT. Rsf-1 (HBXAP), a novel nuclear protein with histone chaperon function, mediates ATPase-dependent chromatin remodelling and confers tumour aggressiveness and predicts therapeutic response in certain carcinomas. However, the expression of Rsf-1 has never been reported in rectal cancer. This study examined the predictive and prognostic impacts of Rsf-1 expression in patients with rectal cancer following neoadjuvant CRT.MethodsRsf-1 immunoexpression was retrospectively assessed for pre-treatment biopsies of 172 rectal cancer patients without initial distant metastasis. All of them were treated with neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery. The results were correlated with the clinicopathological features, therapeutic response, tumour regression grade and metastasis-free survival (MeFS), local recurrent-free survival and disease-specific survival.ResultsPresent in 82 cases (47.7%), high-expression of Rsf-1 was associated with advanced pre-treatment tumour status (T3, T4, p=0.020), advanced post-treatment tumour status (T3, T4, p<0.001) and inferior tumour regression grade (p=0.028). Of note, high-expression of Rsf-1 emerged as an adverse prognosticator for diseases-specific survival (p=0.0092) and significantly predicted worse MeFS (p=0.0006). Moreover, high-expression of Rsf-1 also remained prognostic independent for worse MeFS (HR 2.834; p=0.0214).ConclusionsHigh-expression of Rsf-1 is associated with poor therapeutic response and adverse outcome in rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT, which confers tumour aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance through chromatin remodelling and represents a potential prognostic biomarker in rectal cancer.
Gender differences in the relationship between religiosity and health-related behaviour among adolescents
Authors: Pitel Lukas , Madarasova Geckova Andrea , Kolarcik Peter , Halama Peter , Reijneveld Sijmen A , van Dijk Jitse P 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundAn inverse relationship between religiosity and adolescent health-related behaviour has been repeatedly documented, but evidence regarding gender is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the association between a wide range of adolescent health-related behaviours and religiosity as well as gender differences in these associations.MethodsData were collected in 2010 in Slovakia on 3674 adolescents, with mean age of 14.9 years (response: 79.5%). ORs for levels of religiosity, measured by religious attendance and religious salience, were calculated for 15 behaviours, such as the use of various substances, nutritional behaviour and violent behaviour. The authors then assessed the interactions of religiosity and gender on these behaviours.ResultsReligiosity was inversely associated with health–risk behaviour in smoking, drunkenness, cannabis use, having breakfast, soft drinks consumption, screen-based activities and sexual intercourse among both genders and in truancy among girls only. This association was significantly stronger among girls than among boys in smoking, drunkenness and cannabis use. Religiosity was unrelated to the consumption of fruits, vegetables and sweets, physical inactivity, tooth brushing, fighting and bullying others in both genders.ConclusionsAn inverse relationship between religiosity and health–risk behaviour was found in several behaviours (especially use of substances) but not in other behaviours (violent behaviours in particular). Gender seems to moderate this relationship in smoking, drunkenness and cannabis use. Further research is needed on the mechanisms leading to an association between religiosity and health behaviour and on the strength of this association in other countries and cultures.
Radiotherapy Increases the Permissiveness of Established Mammary Tumors to Rejection by Immunomodulatory Antibodies
Authors: Verbrugge Inge , Hagekyriakou Jim , Sharp Leslie L. , Galli Mara , West Alison , McLaughlin Nicole M. , Duret Hélène , Yagita Hideo , Johnstone Ricky W. , Smyth Mark J. , Haynes Nicole M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that radiotherapy may benefit from coincident or subsequent immunotherapy. In this study, we examined whether the antitumor effects of radiotherapy, in established triple-negative breast tumors could be enhanced with combinations of clinically relevant monoclonal antibodies (mAb), designed to stimulate immunity [anti-(α)-CD137, α-CD40] or relieve immunosuppression [α-programmed death (PD)-1]. While the concomitant targeting of the costimulatory molecules CD137 and CD40 enhanced the antitumor effects of radiotherapy and promoted the rejection of subcutaneous BALB/c-derived 4T1.2 tumors, this novel combination was noncurative in mice bearing established C57BL/6-derived AT-3 tumors. We identified PD-1 signaling within the AT-3 tumors as a critical limiting factor to the therapeutic efficacy of α-CD137 therapy, alone and in combination with radiotherapy. Strikingly, all mice bearing established orthotopic AT-3 mammary tumors were cured when α-CD137 and α-PD-1 mAbs were combined with single- or low-dose fractionated radiotherapy. CD8+ T cells were essential for curative responses to this combinatorial regime. Interestingly, CD137 expression on tumor-associated CD8+ T cells was largely restricted to a subset that highly expressed PD-1. These CD137+PD-1High CD8+ T cells, persisted in irradiated AT-3 tumors, expressed Tim-3, granzyme B and Ki67 and produced IFN-γ ex vivo in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin stimulation. Notably, radiotherapy did not deplete, but enriched tumors of functionally active, tumor-specific effector cells. Collectively, these data show that concomitant targeting of immunostimulatory and inhibitory checkpoints with immunomodulatory mAbs can enhance the curative capacity of radiotherapy in established breast malignancy. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3163–74. ©2012 AACR.