bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of synaptic glun receptors is required for the Src‐dependent induction of long‐term potentiation at CA3‐CA1 synapses
Authors: Li Hong‐Bin , Jackson Michael F. , Yang Kai , Trepanier Catherine , Salter Michael W. , Orser Beverley A. , MacDonald John F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe induction of long‐term potentiation (LTP) of CA3‐CA1 synapses requires activation of postsynaptic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (GluNRs). At resting potential, the contribution of GluNRs is limited by their voltage‐dependent block by extracellular Mg2+. High‐frequency afferent stimulation is required to cause sufficient summation of excitatory synaptic potentials (EPSPs) to relieve this block and to permit an influx of Ca2+. It has been assumed that this relief of Mg2+ block is sufficient for induction. We postulated that the induction of LTP also requires a Src‐dependent plasticity of GluNRs. Using whole‐cell recordings, LTP (GluARs) of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptors‐EPSCS was induced by pairing postsynaptic depolarization with presynaptic stimulation. This LTP was both GluNR and Src‐dependent, being sensitive to AP‐5, a GluNR selective antagonist, or to SU6656, a Src‐selective inhibitor. When CNQX was used to block all GluARs, we observed a long‐lasting potentiation of GluNR‐mediated EPSCs. This plasticity was prevented by transiently blocking GluNRs during the induction protocol or by chelating intracellular Ca2+. GluNRs plasticity was also prevented by bath applications of SU6656 or intracellular applications of the Src‐selective inhibitory peptide, Src(40–58). It was also blocked by preventing activation of protein kinase C, a kinase that is upstream of Src‐kinase‐dependent regulation of GluNRs. Both GluN2A and GluN2B receptors were found to contribute to the plasticity of GluNRs. The contribution of GluNRs and, in particular, their plasticity to the maintenance of LTP was explored using AP5 and SU6656, respectively. When applied >20 min after induction neither drug influenced the magnitude of LTP. However, when applied immediately after induction, treatment with either drug caused the initial magnitude of LTP to progressively decrease to a sustained phase of reduced amplitude. Collectively, our findings suggest that GluNR plasticity, although not strictly required for induction, is necessary for the maintenance of a nondecrementing component of LTP. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minimal driving of hippocampal theta by the supramammillary nucleus during water maze learning
Authors: Ruan Ming , Young Calvin K. , McNaughton Neil 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have shown only modest effects of supramammillary nucleus (SuM) dysfunction on theta frequency and learning in the water maze (WM), with larger effects in other tasks. However, theta recorded from SuM, and used to trigger the production of theta‐like oscillations in the hippocampus, produced reversal of the deficit in WM learning produced by theta blocking. We explored this apparent inconsistency by analyzing the relationship between SuM and hippocampal theta in the control group of this theta‐blocking experiment using coherence, phase analysis, and the directed transfer function. We found little evidence of an influence of SuM on the hippocampus in the bulk of WM learning—with some possibility of SuM becoming involved briefly later in learning. A learning‐related increase in coherence was observed in conjunction with gradual phase reorganization of hippocampal theta in relation to SuM theta. This change in phase dynamics between the two structures was also correlated with a relative increase of the estimated direction of theta propagation from the SuM to the hippocampus. These results are consistent with the previous weak effects of SuM lesions and suggest that the use of SuM as a source to trigger hippocampal theta and recover function is likely to be due to coherence between SuM and some other structure that normally controls hippocampal theta during WM learning. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer inflammation and regulatory T cells
Authors: Erdman Susan E. , Poutahidis Theofilos 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChronic inflammation is essential for cancer growth and metastasis. It follows that factors reducing inflammation would abrogate cancer and restore tissue health. However, roles for anti‐inflammatory CD4+ regulatory cells (TREG) in cancer are enigmatic and controversial. Our recent data reveal that TREG may function in cancer similarly to inflammatory bowel disease or multiple sclerosis, whereby TREG accumulate but lack potency to restore tissue homeostasis under inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, early life exposures to diverse environmental organisms reinforce a protective TREG phenotype that inhibits cancer. In contrast, hygienic individuals with few exposures earlier in life suffer from a dysregulated TREG feedback loop. Consequently, hygienic subjects have increased risk of malignancy later in life. This cancer condition is reversible by blocking underlying inflammation. Taken together, these data help explain increased inflammation‐associated cancer rates in hygienic societies and identify targets to abrogate cancer and restore overall health.
Ethnic and socioeconomic trends in testicular cancer incidence in New Zealand
Authors: Sarfati Diana , Shaw Caroline , Blakely Tony , Atkinson June , Stanley James 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEthnic differences in testicular cancer incidence within countries are often sizeable, with white populations consistently having the highest ethnic‐specific rates. Many studies have found that high socioeconomic status is a risk factor for testicular cancer. The objectives of this article are to test whether trends in testicular cancer incidence have varied by ethnicity and socioeconomic position in New Zealand between 1981 and 2004. Five cohorts of the entire New Zealand population for 1981–1986, 1986–1991, 1991–1996, 1996–2001 and 2001–2004 were created, and probabilistically linked to cancer registry records, allowing direct determination of ethnic and household income trends in testicular cancer incidence. There were more than 2,000 cases of testicular cancer over the study period. We found increasing rates of testicular cancer for all ethnic and income groups since 1990s. Maori had higher rates, and Pacific and Asian lower rates than European/other men with rate ratios pooled over time of 1.51 (95% CI 1.31–1.74), 0.40 (95% CI 0.26–0.61) and 0.54 (95% CI 0.31–0.94), respectively. Overall, men with low incomes had higher risk of testicular cancer than those with high incomes (pooled rate ratio for lowest to highest income groups = 1.23; 95% CI 1.05–1.44). There was no strong evidence that disparities in testicular cancer incidence have varied by ethnicity or household income over time. Given the lack of understanding of the etiology of testicular cancer, the unusual patterns identified in the New Zealand context may provide some etiological clues for future novel research.
IL12 polymorphisms, HBV infection and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a high‐risk Chinese population
Authors: Liu Li , Xu Yan , Liu Zheng , Chen Jianguo , Zhang Yixin , Zhu Jian , Liu Jibin , Liu Sheng , Ji Guozhong , Shi Haibin , Shen Hongbing , Hu Zhibin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo investigate the association between the potentially functional polymorphisms in IL12A and IL12B, HBV infection and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population, we genotyped three polymorphisms, rs568408 (3′UTR G>A), rs2243115 (5′UTR T>G) in IL12A and rs3212227 (3′UTR A>C) in IL12B in a case–control study of 869 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and 891 cancer‐free controls. We found that the IL12A rs568408 GA/AA variant genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–2.00), compared with the wild‐type GG homozygote. In the stratified analyses, the increased risk of HCC associated with rs568408 GA/AA was more evident in patients who were negative for HBsAg (adjusted OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.23–2.39). However, no significant associations between IL12A rs2243115 T/G, IL12B rs3212227 A/C and risk of HCC were observed. Our findings indicate that IL12A rs568408 may contribute to the risk of HCC and modify HCC risk associated with HBV infection.
Number and Distribution of Superficial Neuromasts in Twelve Common European Cypriniform Fishes and Their Relationship to Habitat Occurrence
Authors: Beckmann Melanie , Erős Tibor , Schmitz Anke , Bleckmann Horst 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper gives the first detailed data on the number and body part related distribution of superficial neuromasts in twelve common European Cypriniform species and examines whether such anatomical variables can be related to rough scale habitat occurrence. The fishes (Barbatula barbatula, Barbus barbus, Chondrostoma nasus, Cobitis taenia, Leuciscus cephalus, Leuciscus leuciscus, Phoxinus phoxinus, Rutilus rutilus, Rhodeus sericeus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Tinca tinca, Vimba vimba) were classified in two generalized ‘ecological guilds’, 1) rheophilic and 2) limnophilic or indifferent, based on literature data. The total number of superficial neuromasts was consistent within each species, but differed considerably between species. Lowest numbers of superficial neuromasts were found in Barbatula barbatula (21 ± 4.9 superficial neuromasts per cm body length) (mean ± SD), highest numbers in Vimba vimba (233 ± 36.1). Both species can be classified as rheophilic. Over all no relationship was found between the total number of superficial neuromasts and large scale habitat occurrence. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Do Predators Condition the Distribution of Prey within Micro Habitats? An Experiment with Stoneflies (Plecoptera)
Authors: Bo Tiziano , Fenoglio Stefano , López‐Rodríguez Manuel Jesús , Tierno de Figueroa José Manuel , Grenna Marco , Cucco Marco 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe selection of habitat by macroinvertebrates living in running waters may be influenced by the physical characteristics of the substratum, as well as by the presence of other species. In this study, an artificial river with three different substrata (pebbles, detritus, and leaves) was utilized to analyze the microhabitat preference of two Plecoptera prey species (Amphinemura sulcicollis and Brachyptera risi), both in absence and in presence of a Plecoptera predator species (Perla marginata). In the absence of predators, both prey species showed a clear preference for the leaf microhabitat. When the predators were present, only Brachyptera risi showed a change of microhabitat selection, with a decrease of leaves and an increase of pebbles and detritus utilization. Amphinemura sulcicollis did not change their substratum utilization. This study demonstrates that the presence of a predator may affect microhabitat selection through a switch from the preferred to the less preferred substrata, although not all species change their habitat utilization in response to predator presence. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proliferation and mineralization of bone marrow cells cultured on macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffolds functionalized with collagen type I for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Teixeira S. , Fernandes M. H. , Ferraz M. P. , Monteiro F. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study concerns the preparation and in vitro characterization of functionalized hydroxyapatite (HA) porous scaffolds, which are intended to be used as drug‐delivery systems and bone‐regeneration matrices. Hydroxyapatite scaffolds were prepared using the polymer replication method, and, after being submitted to a specific sintering cycle, collagen Type I was incorporated on the surface. After the coating procedure, collagen was crosslinked using the N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) conjugation method. In this study, hydroxyapatite scaffolds with uncrosslinked and crosslinked Type I collagen were evaluated. Cell morphology and deposition of extracellular matrix were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, whereas cell distribution was visualized by means of methylene blue staining. MTS and total DNA quantification assays were used to evaluate the viability and proliferation of human bone marrow cells cultured on all the materials for 28 days. Results showed that the cells were able to adhere, proliferate, and form a mineralized matrix on the surface of all the materials. Furthermore, the cells were able to spread from one pore to another and form cell clusters. The results show that these scaffolds are good candidates to serve as drug delivery vehicles and for tissue engineering purposes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Dissolution behavior of calcium phosphate nanocrystals deposited on titanium alloy surfaces
Authors: Pezeshki Padina , Lugowski Stanley , Davies John E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have recently shown that a new implant surface design, achieved by the deposition of discrete nanocrystals of calcium phosphate on microtopographically complex titanium‐based substrates, accelerates osteoconduction and also renders the implant surface bone bonding. Thus, we wished to examine the elution behavior of these calcium phosphate nanocrystals and their modulation in vivo. We first compared the total amount of calcium phosphate on these implants with that of plasma‐sprayed implants, by measuring the eluted calcium using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. We then plotted their dissolution behavior in vitro as a function of pH relevant to physiological conditions. To assess their structural stability in vivo for periods of up to 1 month, we placed samples in diffusion chambers, implanted them in the abdominal cavity of rats, and examined their surfaces by scanning electron microscopy following retrieval. Our results show that these nanocrystals are stable at normal pH but, as expected, dissolve at acidic pH, and that they remain unchanged when exposed to body fluid in vivo for up to 1 month. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Biocompatibility of poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels in the brain: An analysis of the glial response across space and time
Authors: Bjugstad K. B. , Lampe K. , Kern D. S. , Mahoney M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) or PEG‐based hydrogels provide a useful methodology for tissue engineering and the controlled‐release of drugs within the central nervous system (CNS). To be successful, the local neuroinflammatory response to an implant must be well understood. Toward this end, the focus was to examine the localized recruitment and activation of microglia and astrocytes following implantation of PEG‐based hydrogels in the brain. Because they are of clinical relevance and may impact brain tissue differently, hydrogels with different mass loss profiles were examined. At all time points, a needle penetration in sham animals evoked a greater astrocytic response than hydrogel conditions. The astrocyte response that ensued varied with degradation rate. An attenuated response was present in more slowly degrading and nondegrading conditions. Relative to sham, hydrogel conditions attenuated the acute microglial response during the week after implant. By 56 days, microglial levels in shams decreased below the observed response in slowly degrading and nondegradable gels, which remained constant overtime. Although the inflammatory response to PEG‐based hydrogels was complex depending on degradation rates, the magnitude of the acute microglia response and the long‐term astrocyte response were attenuated suggesting the use of these materials for drug and cell delivery to the CNS. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Analysis in vitro of the cytotoxicity of potential implant materials. I: Zirconia‐titania sintered ceramics
Authors: Marchi Juliana , Ussui Valter , Delfino Carina S. , Bressiani Ana H. A. , Marques Márcia M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractZirconia (ZrO2) is a bioinert, strong, and tough ceramic, while titania (TiO2) is bioactive but has poor mechanical properties. It is expected that ZrO2‐TiO2 mixed ceramics incorporate the individual properties of both ceramics, so that this material would exhibit better biological properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the biocompatibility properties of ZrO2‐TiO2 mixed ceramics. Sintered ceramics pellets, obtained from powders of TiO2, ZrO2, and three different ZrO2‐TiO2 mixed oxides were used. Roughnesses, X‐ray diffraction, microstructure through SEM, hardness, and DRIFT characterizations were performed. For biocompatibility analysis cultured FMM1 fibroblasts were plated on the top of disks and counted in SEM micrographs 1 and 2 days later. Data were compared by ANOVA complemented by Tukey's test. All samples presented high densities and similar microstructure. The H2O content in the mixed ceramics was more evident than in pure ceramics. The number of fibroblasts attached to the disks increased significantly independently of the experimental group. The cell growth on the top of the ZrO2‐TiO2 samples was similar and significantly higher than those of TiO2 and ZrO2 samples. Our in vitro experiments showed that the ZrO2‐TiO2 sintered ceramics are biocompatible allowing faster cell growth than pure oxides ceramics. The improvement of hardness is proportional to the ZrO2 content. Thus, the ZrO2‐TiO2 sintered ceramics could be considered as potential implant material. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater , 2010.
Development of a monoclonal antibody that specifically detects tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐4 (TIMP‐4) in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded human tissues
Authors: Donover P. Scott , Wojciechowski Brian S. , Thirumaran Rajesh , Zemba‐Palko Vlasta , Prendergast George C. , Wallon U. Margaretha 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOverexpression of the extracellular metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP‐4 in estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancers was found recently to be associated with a poor prognosis for survival. To pursue exploration of the theranostic applications of TIMP‐4, specific antibodies with favorable properties for immunohistochemical use and other clinical assays are needed. Here we report the characterization of a monoclonal antibody (clone 9:4–7) specific for full‐length human TIMP‐4 with suitable qualities. The antibody was determined to be an IgG2b immunoglobulin. In enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting assays, it did not exhibit any detectable crossreactivity with recombinant forms of the other human TIMPs 1, 2, and 3. In contrast, the antibody displayed high specificity and sensitivity for TIMP‐4 including in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded specimens of human breast specimens. An analysis of tissue microarrays of human cancer and corresponding normal tissues revealed specific staining patterns with excellent signal‐to‐noise ratios. This study documents TIMP‐4 monoclonal antibody clone 9:4–7 as an effective tool for preclinical and clinical investigations. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1255–1261, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoplasmic gamma‐tubulin complex from brain contains nonerythroid spectrin
Authors: Thomas Nisha E. , Shashikala Sasidharan , Sengupta Suparna 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe newer member of the tubulin superfamily, γ‐tubulin, is known to mediate microtubule nucleation from the centrosome of eukaryotic cells with the aid of some other proteins. The major amount of γ‐tubulin is believed to be located in the centrosome before the onset of mitotic division. However, a considerable amount has been found in the cytoplasm in the form of a complex whose function is not well known. Microtubules are most abundant in brain tissues and brain microtubules have been extensively used in many in vitro studies. Thus, it is relevant to use brain tissue to characterize cytoplasmic γ‐tubulin complex. Here we show that cytoplasmic γ‐tubulin in brain tissues exists as a ring complex as in other tissues. Interestingly, along with the common members of the γ‐TuRC reported from several tissues and species, the purified brain cytoplasmic complex contains some high molecular weight proteins including α and β nonerythroid spectrin which are not found in other tissues. Immunohistochemical studies of brain tissue sections also show the co‐localization of γ‐tubulin and spectrin. The possible implications have been discussed. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1334–1341, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kaempferol stimulates bone sialoprotein gene transcription and new bone formation
Authors: Yang Li , Takai Hideki , Utsunomiya Tadahiko , Li Xinyue , Li Zhengyang , Wang Zhitao , Wang Shuang , Sasaki Yoko , Yamamoto Hirotsugu , Ogata Yorimasa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractKaempferol is a typical flavonol‐type flavonoid that is present in a variety of vegetables and fruits, and has a protective effect on postmenopausal bone loss. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is thought to function in the initial mineralization of bone and could be crucial for osteoblast differentiation, bone matrix mineralization and tumor metastasis. In the present study we investigated the regulation of BSP transcription by kaempferol in rat osteoblast‐like UMR106 cells, and the effect of kaempferol on new bone formation. Kaempferol (5 µM) increased BSP and Osterix mRNA levels at 12 h and up‐regulated Runx2 mRNA expression at 6 h. Kaempferol increased luciferase activity of the construct pLUC3, which including the promoter sequence between nucleotides −116 to +60. Transcriptional stimulation by kaempferol abrogated in constructs included 2 bp mutations in the inverted CCAAT, CRE, and FRE elements. Gel shift analyses showed that kaempferol increased nuclear protein binding to CRE and FRE elements, whereas the CCAAT‐protein complex did not change after kaempferol stimulation. Twelve daily injections of 5 µM kaempferol directly into the periosteum of parietal bones of newborn rats increased new bone formation. These data suggest that kaempferol increased BSP gene transcription mediated through inverted CCAAT, CRE, and FRE elements in the rat BSP gene promoter, and could induce osteoblast activities in the early stage of bone formation. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1342–1355, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitotic drug targets
Authors: Kaestner Phillip , Bastians Holger 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMitosis is the key event of the cell cycle during which the sister chromatids are segregated onto two daughter cells. It is well established that abrogation of the normal mitotic progression is a highly efficient concept for anti‐cancer treatment. In fact, various drugs that target microtubules and thus interfere with the function of the mitotic spindle are in clinical use for the treatment of various human malignancies for many years. However, since microtubule inhibitors not only target proliferating cells severe side effects limit their use. Therefore, the identification of novel mitotic drug targets other than microtubules have gained recently much attention. This review will summarize the latest developments on the identification and clinical evaluation of novel mitotic drug targets and will introduce novel concepts for chemotherapy that are based on recent progress in our understanding how mitotic progression is regulated and how anti‐mitotic drugs induce tumor cell death. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 258–265, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.