bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Nucleosides Based on Intramolecular Glycosylation Strategy
Authors: Sugimura Hideyuki , Sujino Keiko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Aziridination and Azetizination Reactions of Amino Allenes Using a Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pendant‐Arm Tri‐ and Tetraazamacrocycles: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Their First‐Row Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Haines Robert I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inhibition Studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Salicylate Synthase (MbtI)
Authors: Manos‐Turvey Alexandra , Bulloch Esther M. M. , Rutledge Peter J. , Baker Edward N. , Lott J. Shaun , Payne Richard J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis salicylate synthase (MbtI), a member of the chorismate‐utilizing enzyme family, catalyses the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the siderophore mycobactin T. This complex secondary metabolite is essential for both virulence and survival of M. tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB). It is therefore anticipated that inhibitors of this enzyme may serve as TB therapies with a novel mode of action. Herein we describe the first inhibition study of M. tuberculosis MbtI using a library of functionalized benzoate‐based inhibitors designed to mimic the substrate (chorismate) and intermediate (isochorismate) of the MbtI‐catalyzed reaction. The most potent inhibitors prepared were those designed to mimic the enzyme intermediate, isochorismate. These compounds, based on a 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoate scaffold, proved to be low‐micromolar inhibitors of MbtI. The most potent inhibitors in this series possessed hydrophobic enol ether side chains at C3 in place of the enol‐pyruvyl side chain found in chorismate and isochorismate.
Noninvasive treatment of malignant bone tumors using high‐intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Li Chuanxing , Zhang Weidong , Fan Weijun , Huang Jinhua , Zhang Fujun , Wu Peihong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a new, noninvasive technique with potential to ablate and inactivate tumors. Treatment of solid tumors with HIFU has been reported. In this study, the safety and effects of HIFU in the clinical therapy of malignant bone tumors were assessed.METHODS:Biochemical markers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET)‐computed tomography (CT) were used to evaluate 25 patients with malignant bone tumors before and after HIFU treatment.RESULTS:HIFU resulted in significant improvement in biochemical markers, and no severe complications were observed. After HIFU treatment, 21 (87.5%) patients were completely relieved of pain, and 24 (100%) experienced significant relief. On the basis of MRI or PET‐CT, HIFU was effective: For patients with primary bone tumors, 6 (46.2%) had a complete response, 5 (38.4%) had a partial response, 1 (7.8%) had a moderate response, and 1 suffered progressive disease; the response rate was 84.6%. For patients with metastatic bone tumors, 5 (41.7%) had complete response, 4 (33.3%) had partial response, 1 (8.3%) had a moderate response, 1 (8.3%) had stable disease, and 1 suffered progressive disease; the response rate was 75.0%. The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 100.0%, 84.6%, 69.2%, and 38.5%, respectively, for patients with primary bone tumors and 83.3%, 16.7%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, for patients with metastatic bone tumors. The survival rates for patients with primary bone tumors were significantly better than for those with metastatic tumors.CONCLUSIONS:HIFU safely and noninvasively ablated malignant bone tumors and relieved pain. HIFU ablation should be further investigated, as it appears to be successful in the treatment of primary malignant bone tumors. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Reduced versus full doses of irradiation after 3 cycles of combined doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine in early stage Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Arakelyan Nina , Jais Jean‐Philippe , Delwail Vincent , Brière Josette , Moles‐Moreau Marie‐Pierre , Sénécal Delphine , Berthou Christian , Desablens Bernard , Colonna Pierre , Andrieu Jean‐Marie ,   on behalf of the GOELAMS Hodgkin Lymphoma Network
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The combination of 3 cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) and a tailored, extended irradiation schedule has been used to treat patients with early Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in the authors' group since 1981. The randomized H97‐E trial (1997‐2004) was designed to assess the impact of a slightly reduced irradiation dose on the freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) rate.METHODS:Patients with supradiaphragmatic HL at clinical stages I and II who had ≤2 affected lymph node areas and a mediastinal mass ratio <0.33 were randomized into an experimental arm (EA) and a control arm (CA). Patients in the EA received 3 cycles of ABVD followed by irradiation at 36 grays (Gy) to initially involved sites and 24 Gy to adjacent sites, the upper infradiaphragmatic area, and the spleen. Patients in the CA received the same chemotherapy regimen and the same irradiation given at doses of 40 Gy and 30 Gy, respectively. Two hundred two patients who had received the CA treatment in 2 previous trials served as a historic control group (HCG).RESULTS:The 10‐year FFTF and overall survival rates were similar for the 89 patients in the EA (88.6% and 97.8%, respectively), for the 99 patients in the CA (92.6% and 95%, respectively), and for the 202 patients in the HCG (91.9% and 92.9%, respectively). Surprisingly, the 10‐year incidence of severe or fatal complications was nil in the EA but reached 15.5% in the CA (P < .003) and 11.1% in the HCG.CONCLUSIONS:Slightly lowering the radiation dose did not have an impact on the excellent cure rate among patients with early HL but significantly reduced the rate of long‐term, radiation‐induced complications. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Far‐Infrared Spectra of Yttrium‐Doped Gold Clusters AunY (n=1–9)
Authors: Lin Ling , Claes Pieterjan , Gruene Philipp , Meijer Gerard , Fielicke André , Nguyen Minh Tho , Lievens Peter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe geometric, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of neutral yttrium‐doped gold clusters AunY (n=1–9) are studied by far‐infrared multiple photon dissociation (FIR‐MPD) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Comparison of the observed and calculated vibrational spectra allows the structures of the isomers present in the molecular beam to be determined. Most of the isomers for which the IR spectra agree best with experiment are calculated to be the energetically most stable ones. Attachment of xenon to the AunY cluster can cause changes in the IR spectra, which involve band shifts and band splittings. In some cases symmetry changes, as a result of the attachment of xenon atoms, were also observed. All the AunY clusters considered prefer a low spin state. In contrast to pure gold clusters, which exhibit exclusively planar lowest‐energy structures for small sizes, several of the studied species are three‐dimensional. This is particularly the case for Au4Y and Au9Y, while for some other sizes (n=5, 8) the 3D structures have an energy similar to that of their 2D counterparts. Several of the lowest‐energy structures are quasi‐2D, that is, slightly distorted from planar shapes. For all the studied species the Y atom prefers high coordination, which is different from other metal dopants in gold clusters.
Preparation of calcium carbonate crystals in the presence of trisodium citrate
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Lai Qiongyu , Zhao Yan , Hao Yanjing , Zeng Hongmei , Wang Ling 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe dumbbell‐like calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals were synthesized in the presence of trisodium citrate. Different morphologies were obtained by changing the reaction temperature and the trisodium citrate concentration. The obtained samples were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the morphology of CaCO3 crystals was markedly affected by the reaction temperature and citrate anion concentration. The possible growth mechanism of CaCO3 crystals was proposed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reaction Products and Transformations of Intermediates in the Aqueous‐Phase Reforming of Sorbitol
Authors: Kirilin Alexey V. , Tokarev Anton V. , Murzina Elena V. , Kustov Leonid M. , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAqueous phase reforming of sorbitol over Pt supported on an alumina catalyst is investigated, in order to identify the intermediates involved in the transformation of the initial feed. Parameters such as the sorbitol feed rate and temperature are studied. To identify the intermediates, an approach based on analysis of the gas and liquid phases as well as the total carbon content was developed. According to analysis by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry of volatile substances collected with solid‐phase microextraction, over 260 compounds are involved in the transformation of sorbitol. Of these, 50 of the major products are identified with high reliability. It is shown that a great variety of compounds, bearing different functionalities, form part of the reaction network. The formation of the majority of identified compounds is explained and a reaction network for the formation of sorbitol and intermediate molecules transformation is proposed.
Gaseous Fuel Production from Nonrecyclable Paper Wastes by Using Supported Metal Catalysts in High‐Temperature Liquid Water
Authors: Yamaguchi Aritomo , Hiyoshi Norihito , Sato Osamu , Bando Kyoko K. , Shirai Masayuki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPaper wastes are used for the production of gaseous fuels over supported metal catalysts. The gasification of the nonrecyclable paper wastes, such as shredded documents and paper sludge, is carried out in high‐temperature liquid water. The order of the catalytic activity for the gasification is found to be ruthenium>rhodium≫platinum≫palladium. A charcoal‐supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/C) is the most effective for the gasification of paper and cellulose. Paper wastes are gasified to a limited degree (32.6 carbon %) for 30 min in water at 523 K to produce methane and carbon dioxide, with a small amount of hydrogen. At 573 K, more complete gasification with almost 100 carbon % is achieved within 10 min in water. At 523 K, the gas yield of paper gasification over Ru/C is higher than that of cellulose powder. The gas yields are increased by ball‐milling treatment of the recycled paper and cellulose powder. Printed paper wastes are also gasified at 523 K in water.
Arterial and venous vessels are required for modulating developmental relocalization and laterality of the interrenal tissue in zebrafish
Authors: Chou Chih‐Wei , Hsu Hsiao‐Chu , Quek Sue‐Ing , Chan Woon‐Khiong , Liu Yi‐Wen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDuring zebrafish embryogenesis, the endothelium signals to emergent bilateral interrenal primordia to converge toward the midline, yet the merged interrenal tissue has been found to be situated lateral to the midline. We show in this study that bilateral interrenal tissue clusters fused at the central midline, before relocating laterally to be juxtaposed between the dorsal aorta and the posterior cardinal vein. In ets1b morphants where the midtrunk vasculature failed to assemble, various degrees of interrenal fusion defects were displayed, and the interrenal laterality was lost. As either arterial or venous endothelium was specifically reduced, the interrenal tissue was defective in its relocalization and laterality, yet remained closely associated with the malformed vasculature. Our results showed evidence to support that assembly of the axial artery and vein, and its resulting vascular topology at the midtrunk, is required for patterning relocalization and laterality of the interrenal tissue after the initial medial fusion. Developmental Dynamics 239:1995–2004, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of genes expressed by zebrafish oligodendrocytes using a differential microarray screen
Authors: Takada Norio , Appel Bruce 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMyelination of central nervous system axons requires that oligodendrocytes extend multiple membrane processes that specifically recognize and wrap axons, which is followed by expression of proteins necessary for formation of myelin sheaths. To identify new genes that might be important for myelination, we used microarrays to analyze the expression profiles of cells sorted from transgenic zebrafish embryos and larvae under conditions that permitted or blocked oligodendrocyte development. Here, we describe eight genes that have not been previously implicated in oligodendrocyte development. Among the predicted functions of proteins encoded by these genes are lipid sensing, cell–cell junction formation, cytoskeleton regulation, and intracellular signaling. The predicted functions raise the possibility that these genes are involved in multiple cellular events during oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation. Developmental Dynamics 239:2041–2047, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of black carbon and chemical planarity on bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants
Authors: Pehkonen Sari , You Jing , Akkanen Jarkko , Kukkonen Jussi V.K. , Lydy Michael J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Black carbon (BC) and chemical properties may play a significant role in defining the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediment. In the current study, bioavailability of four HOCs with differing planarity was determined in sediments amended with two types of BC (soot and charcoal) at different concentrations by matrix solid-phase microextraction (matrix-SPME) and bioaccumulation testing using the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Furthermore, the applicability of the matrix-SPME method to bioavailability estimation in BC-amended sediment was tested. The charcoal treatment significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of the planar compounds (3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl and benzo[a]pyrene) in L. variegatus, and the matrix-SPME method showed a similar trend as contaminant bioaccumulation in L. variegatus. Conversely, manipulation of sediment with soot had no effect or slightly increased bioavailability of the planar compounds in both bioaccumulation and matrix-SPME tests. Little if any affect was noted in bioavailability of the nonplanar compounds (2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl and permethrin) with the soot and charcoal amendments. Results showed that the role of BC in defining bioavailability of HOCs depends not only on the type and concentrations of BC present, but also the planarity of the HOCs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1976–1983. © 2010 SETAC
A closer look at bioaccumulation of petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures in aquatic worms
Authors: Muijs Barry , Jonker Michiel T.O. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPetroleum hydrocarbons (oils) are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, and adequate risk assessment is thus essential. Bioaccumulation plays a key role in risk assessment, but the current knowledge on bioaccumulation of oils is limited. Therefore, this process was studied in detail, using the aquatic worm, Lumbriculus variegatus, and 14 field-contaminated sediments. The main focus during the present study was on uptake kinetics, the relationship between oil boiling point fraction and uptake, and effects of sediment characteristics. Uptake kinetics became slower with increasing boiling point fraction, but 70 to 90% of the equilibrium situation was reached within the standard exposure duration of 28 d. Worms accumulated sedimentary petroleum hydrocarbons in the range of C10 to C34, a range much wider than expected. Biota-to-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for separate boiling point fractions were constant and around the proposed value of 1 to 2 up to C22, but gradually decreased beyond this point. The decrease was probably caused by a combination of nonequilibrium conditions and enhanced sorption of higher boiling point fractions to sediments; the latter possibly due to the presence of strongly sorbing separate oil phases or black carbon. A negative relationship was observed between BSAF and oil concentration in sediment, which was explained by the presence of separate oil phases at high oil concentrations. These strongly sorbing phases may limit their own availability, particularly when being highly weathered; worms may also avoid them. The observed phenomena have obvious implications for bioaccumulation assessment of oils and suggest that the current risk assessment procedure for oils in sediments may lead to erroneous results. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1943–1949. © 2010 SETAC
Multiple stressor effects of high light irradiance and photosynthetic herbicides on growth and survival of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Fischer Beat B. , Rüfenacht Karin , Dannenhauer Kerstin , Wiesendanger Manuela , Eggen Rik I.L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Exposure of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard to a combination of environmental stress by high light irradiance and chemical stress by each of the three herbicides paraquat, atrazine, and norflurazon resulted in diverse multiple stressor effects on growth and survival of the cells. Under low light conditions, growth analyzed by cell numbers was generally more sensitive to herbicide treatment than optical density–based growth rates or colony-forming unit endpoints, which both also analyzed the viability of the cells. However, growth analyzed by optical density and colony-forming units in herbicide-treated cultures was affected much more strongly by high light irradiance, as shown by reduced 50% effective concentrations, indicating extensive multiple stressor effects of the combined treatment on the viability of the cells. None of the currently used concepts for mixture toxicity (concentration addition, independent action, or effect summation) could accurately describe the effects measured by the two stressors in combination. Both synergistic and antagonistic interactions seem to occur depending on the light conditions and the parameter analyzed. The strong stimulation of toxicity by the combined stresses can be explained by the similar mode of toxic action of the treatments, all increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Antagonistic effects, conversely, are probably attributable to the various protection mechanisms of photosynthetic organisms to increased light irradiance, which help the cells acclimate to specific light conditions and defend against the deleterious effects of excess light. These protection mechanisms can affect growth and viability under increased light conditions and also might influence the toxicity of the photosynthetic herbicides. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2211–2219. © 2010 SETAC
A dynamic CVaR‐portfolio approach using real options: an application to energy investments
Authors: Szolgayová Jana , Fuss Sabine , Khabarov Nikolay , Obersteiner Michael 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYEven though portfolio theory has increasingly been applied to analyze large‐scale investments under uncertainty—and especially so in the electricity sector—most analysis so far has been based on the static mean‐variance approach. Such an approach has two shortcomings: on the one hand, it fails to take into account irreversibility in the form of high sunk costs and the associated implications for optimal dynamic behavior. On the other hand, variance is not always the ideal risk measure, given that return or cost distributions are not necessarily normal. In fact, if large, potential losses are involved, it makes more sense to adopt a risk measure that can also take into account fat tails. In this paper, we generate these distributions arising from the investment behavior optimized in a real options model, thus accounting for uncertainty and irreversibility at the plant level, and use them in a dynamic portfolio model, where the conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR) is the risk measure. More specifically, we look at the dynamics of the (CVaR‐) optimal technology mix over a future time period conditional on the initial distribution of technologies, such that given energy demand is met. The application to investment in the electricity sector with uncertain climate change policy shows that this approach is not only useful from the aggregate investment point‐of‐view but also for the purpose of evaluating the effects of policy on investment patterns and the resulting energy mix. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of TVD‐limiters—well‐known limiters and an introduction of new ones
Authors: Kemm Friedemann 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYThis paper gives a comparative study of TVD‐limiters for standard explicit Finite Volume schemes. In contrast to older studies, it includes also unsymmetrical limiter functions that depend on the local CFL‐number. We classify the limiters and show how to extend these families of limiters. We introduce a new member of the Superbee family, which is adapted to Roe's linear third‐order scheme. Based on an idea by Serna and Marquina, new smooth limiters are introduced, which turn the van Leer and van Albada limiters into complete classes of limiters. The comparison of the limiters is done with some standard test cases. The results clarify the influence of the chosen limiter on the quality of the numerical results. Compared with ENO or WENO schemes, they also show the high resolution, which can be obtained by a CFL‐number‐dependent limiter when the grid is not highly refined. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient‐specific arterial fluid–structure interaction modeling of cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Takizawa Kenji , Moorman Creighton , Wright Samuel , Purdue John , McPhail Travis , Chen Peng R. , Warren Joe , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe address the computational challenges related to the extraction of the arterial‐lumen geometry, mesh generation and starting‐point determination in the computation of arterial fluid–structure interactions (FSI) with patient‐specific data. The methods we propose here to address those challenges include techniques for constructing suitable cutting planes at the artery inlets and outlets and specifying on those planes proper boundary conditions for the fluid mechanics, structural mechanics and fluid mesh motion and a technique for the improved calculation of an estimated zero‐pressure arterial geometry. We use the stabilized space–time FSI technique, together with a number of special techniques recently developed for arterial FSI. We focus on three patient‐specific cerebral artery segments with aneurysm, where the lumen geometries are extracted from 3D rotational angiography. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.