bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different clinical features in patients with ankylosing spondylitis from southern and northern China
Authors: MA Hai‐jun , YIN Qing‐feng , HU Feng‐ping , GUO Ming‐hao , LIU Xiang‐dong , LIU Yun , XU Qing‐yu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAims:  To describe clinical features of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) from southern and northern China, and investigate the effects of onset age, gender and regional differences on disease phenotype.Methods:  Totally 113 AS patients from southern China and 121 AS patients from northern China were analyzed retrospectively.Results:  In southern and northern groups, low back pain was more frequent among initial symptoms (54.9% vs. 7.7%; 52.4% vs. 11.4%), while peripheral arthritis (15.7% vs. 35.9%; 22.2% vs. 68.6%) was less common in male adult AS (AAS) than in male juvenile AS (JAS) patients, respectively. Compared to those in the northern group, diagnostic delay was longer (7.3 vs. 3.5 years) and the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B27 was higher in the southern group (96.5% vs. 83.5%). Sacroiliitis grade 2 was more frequent (51.3% vs. 36.4%), while sacroiliitis grade 3 (32.7% vs. 53.7%), buttock pain (5.3% vs. 13.2%), knee (20.4% vs. 33.1%) and ankle (3.5% vs. 11.6%) arthritis were less frequent in the southern group. Diagnostic delay of southern JAS was longer than that of northern JAS regardless of gender. Both sacroiliitis grade 3 and peripheral arthritis were less frequent in southern male JAS than in northern male JAS. Diagnostic delay was longer, sacroiliitis grade 2 was more frequent, while sacroiliitis grade 3 was less frequent in southern male AAS than those in northern male AAS.Conclusion:  Significant diagnostic delay and higher prevalence of HLA‐B27 were found in southern AS patients. The prevalence of buttock pain and peripheral arthritis at disease onset in northern AS was more frequent than in southern AS patients.
Involvement of remnant spleen volume on the progression of steatohepatitis in diet‐induced obese rats after a splenectomy
Authors: Inoue Megumi , Gotoh Koro , Seike Masataka , Masaki Takayuki , Oribe Junya , Honda Koichi , Kakuma Tetsuya , Yoshimatsu Hironobu 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  This study investigated the correlation between remnant spleen volume after splenectomy (SPX) and the degree of hepatic steatosis and/or inflammation.Methods:  Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed HF food and divided into three groups: sham‐operation (Sham) group, a hemisplenectomy (H‐SPX) group, and a total‐splenectomy (T‐SPX) group. Serum was collected and livers removed 12 weeks after surgery. We measured serum lipid markers and evaluated liver changes by comparing the three groups. Additionally, we examined liver changes 24 weeks after SPX.Results:  Serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels after SPX were higher than those of sham controls, and a significant difference was found between T‐SPX and the other groups (P < 0.05 for each). Increased intrahepatic fat accumulation was shown in SPX rats along with lower residual spleen volume; this fat accumulation after SPX was accelerated in rats at 24 weeks. Additionally, liver inflammatory changes, including an increase in the Kupffer cell population and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production, as well as a high level of oxidative stress, were observed in the liver sections from SPX rats, which correlated significantly with less volume of the residual spleen. Also, an increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokine content and a decrease in anti‐inflammatory cytokine content were shown in the residual spleen from H‐SPX rats, as compared to those of sham controls (P < 0.05 for each).Conclusion:  These results indicate the importance of preserving splenic tissue. This residual spleen may play an important role in preventing the progression from diet‐induced hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis.
The Civil War and Slavery: A Response
Authors: Foner Eric 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The four essays by Ashworth, Blackburn, Nimtz and Post all make important contributions to our understanding of the causes and consequences of the American Civil War, and to modern analysis of these questions within a Marxist tradition. Although they differ among themselves on key issues, they direct attention to problems too often neglected by other historians: the rôle of class-conflict within North and South in the coming of the War; the part played by slave-resistance in the sectional conflict; the nature of the economic relationship between slave and free economies; and a shift in control of the national state as an enduring result of the conflict.
The American Civil War Considered as a Bourgeois Revolution
Authors: Davidson Neil 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe discussion of the American Civil War as a bourgeois revolution, reopened by John Ashworth’s recent work, needs to be based on a more explicit conceptualisation of what the category does, and does not, involve. This essay offers one such conceptualisation. It then deals with two key issues raised by the process of bourgeois revolution in the United States: the relationship between the War of Independence and the Civil War, and whether the nature of the South made conflict unavoidable. It then argues that the American Revolution is unique for two reasons: the non-feudal nature of Southern society and the fact that the Northern industrial bourgeoisie, unlike their European contemporaries, were still prepared to behave in a revolutionary way.
Envisioning Real Utopias, Erik Olin Wright, London: Verso, 2010
Authors: Ruccio David F. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In this review, I argue that Erik Olin Wright’s Envisioning Real Utopias is necessary reading for anyone interested in thinking through the possibilities of creating noncapitalist ways of organising economic and social life in the world today. However, I also raise questions about Wright’s deterministic interpretation of Marx’s critique of political economy, his relative neglect of class-analysis, and his non-Gramscian conception of the relationship between the state, economy, and civil society.
At T-time, the Inchoative Nick of Time, and “Statements about the Past”: Time and History in the Analytic Philosophy of Language
Authors: Kállay Géza 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The paper, drawing on articles by J. M. E. McTaggart, G. E. Moore, D. Davidson, J. L. Austin, B. Russell, A. J. Ayer and G. E. M. Anscombe, argues that the philosophy of language in the analytic tradition has developed an “inchoative” view of time, and history is a problem as regards the existence of events in the past and how these events can be known. An alternative view is hinted at through the work of L. Wittgenstein and S. Cavell.
The Importance of History for Philosophy of Psychiatry: The Case of the DSM and Psychiatric Classification
Authors: Tsou Jonathan Y. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Recently, some philosophers of psychiatry (viz., Rachel Cooper and Dominic Murphy) have analyzed the issue of psychiatric classification. This paper expands upon these analyses and seeks to demonstrate that a consideration of the history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) can provide a rich and informative philosophical perspective for critically examining the issue of psychiatric classification. This case is intended to demonstrate the importance of history for philosophy of psychiatry, and more generally, the potential benefits of historically-informed approaches to philosophy of science.
Why Does History Matter to the Science Studies Disciplines? A Case for Giving the Past Back Its Future
Authors: Fuller Steve 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Science and technology studies (STS) has perhaps provided the most ambitious set of challenges to the boundary separating history and philosophy of science since the 19th century idealists and positivists. STS is normally associated with ‘social constructivism’, which when applied to history of science highlights the malleability of the modal structure of reality. Specifically, changes to what is (e.g. by the addition or removal of ideas or things) implies changes to what has been, can be and might be. Latour’s account of Pasteur’s scientific achievement is a case in point. Two polar attitudes towards the world’s modal malleability are identified: over- and under- determination, which correspond, respectively, to a belief in the inevitability and the precariousness of science as a form of knowledge. The distinctness of these positions reflects a cordon sanitaire between the history and the philosophy of science. Consequently, historical agents are not given full voice as constructors of reality: They are either quarantined to a foreign realm called ‘the past’ by the historian or selectively assimilated to an imperial present by the philosopher. The second half of the essay explores what it might mean to restore a robust sense of reality construction to the historical agents. My case in point here is that of the 13th century Franciscan friar, Roger Bacon, who has been alternatively seen as a mad medieval or a proto-modernist. To give Bacon full voice would involve taking the future that he envisaged as a normative benchmark for judging our own world.
The Otherness of the Self: on Samuel Romanelli’s Travelogue
Authors: Salah Asher 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This paper explores the particular way in which the subjectivy of the narrator is constructed in the Masa Ba-’Arav, Samuel Romanelli’s travelogue of his stay in Morocco between 1786 and 1790, published in Berlin in 1792. The Masa Ba-’Arav may be read as revealing the inadequacy of a discourse interested only in understanding every encounter with the Oriental Other in terms of ‘power’ and ‘hegemony.’ From the vantage point of the historian of literature, it shows how Romanelli’s literary rendition of his traumatic experience in Morocco within the European genre of the travelogue can be assumed as a possible paradigm for emergence from the ghetto and its anxieties.
European Right of Action for Environmental NGOs
Authors: Wegener Bernhard W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn a groundbreaking test-case judgment, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has granted environmental NGOs an extensive right to bring legal action against administrative acts having a significant effect on the environment. Its judgment brings to an end—for the time being—heated debate as to the standing of environmental NGOs to bring such actions which has occupied discourse in Germany for over 40 years. The judgement is also highly relevant for other member states' legal systems. The outlines of a uniform European right of action for environmental NGOs are now beginning to emerge. But even in the light of the ECJ's remarkably unequivocal judgment, crucial questions as to the details of the review of legality environmental NGOs may now initiate remain unanswered.
Mitigation, Compensation and Conservation: Screening for Appropriate Assessment under the EU Habitats Directive
Authors: McGillivray Donald 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIncreasingly, development is facilitated through the provision of mitigation and compensation measures. One reason for this is to get round ever more stringent conservation laws. In this article I consider this general issue through one particular lens: the role and scope of appropriate assessment under the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). Appropriate assessment is a key part of the Directive's regime for conserving Natura 2000 sites, being the threshold for a relatively stringent public interest test and ecological compensation requirement. One particular issue is how mitigation or compensation measures should be addressed through appropriate assessment. I consider this issue, looking in particular at the only reported case which deals with this: R (Hart District Council) v Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government and others. I suggest that Hart may be seen as wrongly decided at the time, and that more recent case law casts further doubt on its correctness. Drawing on other work, I suggest how decision-makers might answer the question raised in Hart differently and the scope to do this under the Habitats Directive.
Hugo Grotius and the English Republic: The Writings of Anthony Ascham, 1648-1650
Authors: Barducci Marco 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the present article I examine the influence of Grotius's works on English republican literature by focusing on the writings of Anthony Ascham. Ascham's interpretation of Grotius is set in the context of the multifaceted uses of the Dutch lawyer's works in the 1640s and in early 1650s, comparing it to Marchamont Nedham's use of Grotius in support of the republican regime. In order to explain the purposes behind Ascham's and Nedham's deployment of Grotian language, I seek to connect them with the politics of propaganda carried on by political groupings within the Parliament between 1648 and 1650. Finally, by pointing to Ascham's use of Grotius, some considerations follow concerning Anglo-Dutch republicanism in mid-seventeenth century.
Hugo Grotius, Privileges, Fundamental Laws and Rights
Authors: van Nifterik Gustaaf 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs a result of the political developments in the young and struggling Dutch Republic, Grotius experienced the lack of, and the need for juridical protection of some basic rights against infringements by the government. The privileges, taken for fundamental laws, did not provide this protection sufficiently. After he himself had been prosecuted, Grotius falls back on Holland's division of powers to secure the compliance of these rights.
Making "The Tragedy of Bataan": The Bataan Death March through the Lens of a Filmmaker
Authors: Thompson Jan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe television and radio documentary "The Tragedy of Bataan" uses extensive interviews with survivors to bring the 1942 Bataan Death March to life for contemporary viewers. The filmmaker, whose father was a POW in the Philippines, describes the process of gathering the interviews and putting them together into a compelling story. She describes the film strategy of having the men and women involved tell the story in their own words, with no historians or experts on camera; explains how a documentary film differs from a written monograph; and explores the constraints set by television and by the television audience. Allowing these participants and eye-witnesses to tell the story conveys their perceptions of the atrocities committed by the Imperial Japanese Army, of General Douglas MacArthur, and of the suffering, the humor, and the heroism of the common American soldiers.
Underdevelopment of American Studies in South Korea: Power and Ignorance
Authors: Lee Jooyoung 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article asks why the disciplines of American Studies and U.S. history are so markedly underdeveloped in South Korea (Republic of Korea) and what this underdevelopment implies about U.S.-South Korean relations. Under Japanese colonial rule, the study of English in Korea was important for studying abroad, but few students studied America itself. Under American occupation and the following military rule in South Korea, American studies were not attractive to nationalist youth even though the English language remained useful. American cultural diplomacy fostered a small group of Americanists, but university enrollments were small. In the 1980s, Americans were blamed for their support of authoritarian rule. Japanese-trained historians saw American history as too short to be significant, and Japanese institutional legacies were an obstacle. Americans have also been too constricted in imagining who Koreans were, where Korean ambitions lay, and how Korean society worked. In a sense, the very differences between the two nations hindered them from realizing what those differences were.
SR-XRF Imaging of Cs Highly Accumulated in Vegetables
Authors: Nakai Izumi , Oda Nahoko , Terada Yasuko 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Accumulation of Cs in vegetables was studied with regard to the remediation of radioactive Cs from a nuclear plant accident in Fukushima. It was found that Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Brassica campestris var. perviridis, and Lactuca sativa accumulated Cs to a level of more than 10000 ppm (dry weight) when they were cultivated in 1 mM Cs solution. Two-dimensional distributions of Cs were revealed by SR-XRF imaging showing a homogeneous distribution of Cs in the plant bodies.
Color Evolution and Thermal Behavior of Silica (SiO2)- and Zircon (ZrSiO4)-coated Nano α-Fe2O3 Pigments
Authors: Yu Ri , Pee Jae-Hwan , Kim Kyung Ja , Kim YooJin 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This manuscript reports coloration and thermal behavior of the silica and zircon effect on α-Fe2O3 pigment. The prepared three types of pigments were heat-treated at various temperatures (800–1000 °C), and their color evolutions were characterized by colorimeter and UV–visible spectroscopy.
Synthesis of Aromatic Polyketones Bearing 1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-dioxy Units through Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Polymerization
Authors: Maeyama Katsuya , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Suzuki Masanori , Higashibayashi Shuhei , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Palladium nanocluster-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling polymerization of 2,2′-bis(iodobenzoylphenoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyls 2 with aromatic diboric acid diesters 3 proceeded smoothly, affording 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-dioxy-bearing aromatic polyketones 4. The resulting polyketones 4 have excellent thermal stability and solubility in typical organic solvents.
Diaryl Ketone Synthesis by [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3]-catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Arylboronic Acids with Aryl Aldehydes
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Okamoto Hiromi , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
[RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3] was found to be an efficient catalyst for the coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with aryl aldehydes. The reaction proceeded smoothly in the presence of K2CO3 and H2O to give diaryl ketones in good yields. Diaryl ketones were obtained from primarily formed alcohols via Ru-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation reaction.
A Forgotten Olefin: A Convenient One-pot Cascade Reaction Involving Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck Couplings to Form (E)-1,2-Di(pyren-1-yl)ethylene
Authors: Yamashita Ken-ichi , Kimura Keisuke , Tazawa Shin , Asano Motoko S , Sugiura Ken-ichi 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The addition of 0.5 equiv of vinylboronic acid pinacol ester I to 1-bromopyrene derivative 3 in the presence of [Pd(PPh3)4] and K2CO3 induced a cascade reaction involving Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck couplings and afforded (E)-1,2-di(pyren-1-yl)ethylene derivative 1b. An alternative synthesis of 1b was carried out by an olefin metathesis. Formed 1b showed absorption bands in the visible region and a low oxidation potential attributable to a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap.
Evaluation of Grain Yield and Three Physiological Traits in 30 Spring Wheat Genotypes across Three Irrigation Regimes
Authors: Li Ping , Chen Jianli , Wu Pute 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAccurate field evaluation of yield‐related physiological traits is critical for selecting high yield and drought resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To characterize grain yield and three physiological traits for 30 spring wheat genotypes, field experiments with three irrigation regimes were conducted in 2009 and 2010 field seasons. Our study suggests that Feekes 11.2 is the optimal stage to evaluate flag leaf senescence (FLS) and canopy temperature (CT) when making selections for high grain yield and drought resistance among wheat genotypes. Flag leaf carbon isotope discrimination (CID) was positively correlated with grain yield, whereas FLS and CT were negatively correlated with grain yield. The three traits together explained 92% of the total phenotypic variation of grain yield. Selected genotypes were classified into four groups based on yield performance across irrigation regimes. High‐yield genotypes IDO599, ‘Alturas’, and IDO702 produced high grain yield across different water conditions; drought‐resistant genotypes ‘Agawam’, ‘McNeal’, and ‘Alpowa’ produced higher grain yield under the nonirrigated regime. High yield of those genotypes was contributed by good performance of physiological traits such as late FLS, great CID, or low CT or combinations of these traits. Preliminary results indicate that using physiological traits to estimate yield performance can be effective, and selecting suitable genotypes for different water environments may be crucial for improving yield productivity.
Variance Effective Population Size for Dioecious Species
Authors: Vencovsky Roland , Chaves Lázaro José , Crossa José 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe concept of effective population size (Ne) is an important measure of representativeness in many areas. In this research, we consider the statistical properties of the number of contributed gametes under practical situations by adapting Crow and Denninston's (1988) Ne formulas for dioecious species. Three sampling procedures were considered. In all circumstances, results show that as the offspring sex ratio (r) deviates from 0.5, Ne values become smaller, and the efficiency of gametic control for increasing Ne is reduced. For finite populations, where all individuals are potentially functional parents, the reduction in Ne due to an unequal sex ratio can be compensated for through female gametic control when 0.28 ≤ r ≤ 0.72. This outcome is important when r is unknown. When only a fraction of the individuals in a population is taken for reproduction, Ne is meaningful only if the size of the reference population is clearly defined. Gametic control is a compensating factor in accession regeneration when the viability of the accession is around 70 or 75%. For germplasm collection, when parents are a very small fraction of the population, maximum Ne will be approximately 47 and 57% of the total number of offspring sampled, with female gametic control, r varying between 0.3 and 0.5, and being constant over generations.
White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Quench‐Resistant Fluorescent Organophosphorus Dopants
Authors: Joly Damien , Tondelier Denis , Deborde Valérie , Delaunay Wylliam , Thomas Anup , Bhanuprakash Kotamarthi , Geffroy Bernard , Hissler Muriel , Réau Régis 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe control of the doping ratio of a blue‐emitting matrix by an orange emitter with high accuracy still remains very challenging in the development of reproducible white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). In this work, the development of an organophosphorus dopant that presents a high doping rate in order to reach white emission is reported. The increase of the doping rate has a small impact on the CIE co‐ordinates and on the EQE. These results are very appealing towards the development of “easy‐to‐make” WOLEDS.
Arrays of Cone‐Shaped ZnO Nanorods Decorated with Ag Nanoparticles as 3D Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for Rapid Detection of Trace Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Authors: Tang Haibin , Meng Guowen , Huang Qing , Zhang Zhuo , Huang Zhulin , Zhu Chuhong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new, highly sensitive and uniform three‐dimensional (3D) hybrid surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate has been achieved via simultaneously assembling small Ag nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) and large Ag spheres onto the side surface and the top ends of large‐scale vertically aligned cone‐shaped ZnO nanorods (ZnO‐NRs), respectively. This 3D hybrid substrate manifests high SERS sensitivity to rhodamine and a detection limit as low as 10−11 M to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 77—a kind of persistent organic pollutants as global environmental hazard. Three kinds of inter‐Ag‐NP gaps in 3D geometry create a huge number of SERS “hot spots” that mainly contribute to the high SERS sensitivity. Moreover, the supporting chemical enhancement effect of ZnO‐NRs and the better enrichment effect ascribed to the large surface area of the substrate also help to achieve a lower detection limit. The arrays of cone‐shaped ZnO‐NRs decorated with Ag‐NPs on their side surface and large Ag spheres on the top ends have potentials in SERS‐based rapid detection of trace PCBs.