bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of social effects in shaping beliefs about the economy
Authors: Knell Markus , Stix Helmut 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We use survey data to demonstrate that individuals extrapolate from their social environment when forming estimates about aggregate economic outcomes (e.g. the aggregate homeownership rate). In a first approach, we follow the previous literature and construct hypothetical peer groups using information on the location, age, and education of respondents. We confirm that the average homeownership rates in these ‘constructed peer groups’ affect respondents’ subjective estimates of national homeownership rates. In a second approach, we extend the previous literature and utilize direct information provided by survey participants about the characteristics of their peer groups. We show that these ‘self-assessed peer groups’ are even better predictors for how survey respondents assess the aggregate measure. We show that the same mechanisms are at work for estimates of the national unemployment rate. We also demonstrate that individuals who are less knowledgeable about economic matters rely more on peer group information.
From ownership to custodianship of tumor biopsy tissue in genomic testing: a mixed methods study of patient views
Authors: Best Megan C , Butow Phyllis , Savard Jacqueline , Newson Ainsley J , Campbell Rachel , Vatter Sabina , Napier Christine E , Bartley Nicci , Tucker Katherine , Ballinger Mandy L , Thomas David M ,   the PiGeOn Project, Best Megan C , Butow Phyllis , Savard Jacqueline , Newson Ainsley J , Campbell Rachel , Vatter Sabina , Napier Christine E , Bartley Nicci , Tucker Katherine , Ballinger Mandy L , Thomas David M , Juraskova Ilona , Newson Ainsley , Schlub Timothy , Davies Grace , Meiser Bettina , Goldstein David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tumor mutation profiling (MP) is often conducted on tissue from biopsies conducted for clinical purposes (diagnostic tissue). We aimed to explore the views of patients with cancer on who should own tumor biopsy tissue, pay for its storage, and decide on its future use; and determine their attitudes to and predictors of undergoing additional biopsies if required for research purposes. In this mixed methods, cross-sectional study, patients with advanced solid cancers enrolled in the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics Program (n = 397) completed a questionnaire prior to undergoing MP (n = 356/397). A subset (n = 23) also completed a qualitative interview. Fifty percent of participants believed they and/or relatives should own and control access to diagnostic tissue. Most (65.5%) believed the government should pay for tissue preparation. Qualitative themes included (1) custodianship of diagnostic tissue, (2) changing value of tissue across time and between cultures, (3) equity regarding payment, and (4) cost-benefit considerations in deciding on additional biopsies. Policy and regulation should consider patient perspectives. Extension of publicly funded health care to include tissue retrieval for clinical trials should be considered.
A toolbox to engineer the highly productive cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901
Authors: Victoria Angelo J , Selão Tiago Toscano , Moreno-Cabezuelo José Ángel , Mills Lauren A , Gale Grant A R , Lea-Smith David J , McCormick Alistair J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901 (PCC 11901) is a fast-growing marine cyanobacterial strain that has a capacity for sustained biomass accumulation to very high cell densities, comparable to that achieved by commercially relevant heterotrophic organisms. However, genetic tools to engineer PCC 11901 for biotechnology applications are limited. Here we describe a suite of tools based on the CyanoGate MoClo system to unlock the engineering potential of PCC 11901. First, we characterized neutral sites suitable for stable genomic integration that do not affect growth even at high cell densities. Second, we tested a suite of constitutive promoters, terminators, and inducible promoters including a 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-inducible PhlF repressor system, which has not previously been demonstrated in cyanobacteria and showed tight regulation and a 228-fold dynamic range of induction. Lastly, we developed a DAPG-inducible dCas9-based CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system and a modular method to generate markerless mutants using CRISPR-Cas12a. Based on our findings, PCC 11901 is highly responsive to CRISPRi-based repression and showed high efficiencies for single insertion (31% to 81%) and multiplex double insertion (25%) genome editing with Cas12a. We envision that these tools will lay the foundations for the adoption of PCC 11901 as a robust model strain for engineering biology and green biotechnology.
Wildfire risk management in the era of climate change
Authors: Synolakis Costas Emmanuel , Karagiannis Georgios Marios 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The August 8, 2023 Lahaina fire refocused attention on wildfires, public alerts, and emergency management. Wildfire risk is on the rise, precipitated through a combination of climate change, increased development in the wildland–urban interface (WUI), decades of unmitigated biomass accumulation in forests, and a long history of emphasis on fire suppression over hazard mitigation. Stemming the tide of wildfire death and destruction will involve bringing together diverse scientific disciplines into policy. Renewed emphasis is needed on emergency alerts and community evacuations. Land management strategies need to account for the impact of climate change and hazard mitigation on forest ecosystems. Here, we propose a long-term strategy consisting of integrating wildfire risk management in wider-scope forest land management policies and strategies, and we discuss new technologies and possible scientific breakthroughs.
How framing strategies foster robust policy ideas
Authors: Béland Daniel , Cox Robert Henry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this contribution, we identify how the framing strategies employed by policy and political actors make policy ideas robust. We examine the policy ideas of solidarity and sustainability to show how framing strategies that took advantages of the valence and polysemy of both ideas shaped them into robust policy ideas. Both ideas began as wide-ranging concepts designed to build coalitions in debates over a particular large-scale policy problem. Robustness is a quality that emerged over time as these ideas grew to become highly attractive framing devices to justify policy proposals. Moreover, they have proven to be resilient despite changing circumstances or even efforts of their opponents to reframe them in a negative way.
Regulation of mitochondrial network architecture and function in mesenchymal stem cells by micropatterned surfaces
Authors: Dong Zixuan , Han Weiju , Jiang Panyu , Hao Lijing , Fu Xiaoling 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mitochondrial network architecture, which is closely related to mitochondrial function, is mechanically sensitive and regulated by multiple stimuli. However, the effects of microtopographic cues on mitochondria remain poorly defined. Herein, polycaprolactone (PCL) surfaces were used as models to investigate how micropatterns regulate mitochondrial network architecture and function in rat adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs). It was found that large pit (LP)-induced rASCs to form larger and more complex mitochondrial networks. Consistently, the expression of key genes related to mitochondrial dynamics revealed that mitochondrial fusion (MFN1 and MFN2) and midzone fission (DRP1 and MFF) were increased in rASCs on LP. In contrast, the middle pit (MP)-enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, as evidenced by the larger mitochondrial area and higher expression of PGC-1. Both LP and MP promoted ATP production in rASCs. It is likely that LP increased ATP levels through modulating mitochondrial network architecture while MP stimulated mitochondria biogenesis to do so. Our study clarified the regulation of micropatterned surfaces on mitochondria, highlighting the potential of LP and MP as a simple platform to stimulate mitochondria and the subsequent cellular function of MSCs.
A survey of the radiation safety practices of veterinary practitioners during portable equine radiography in Ireland
Authors: Daly Shauna , Skelly Cliona , Lewis Mandy , Toomey Rachel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Veterinary practitioners and other personnel involved in the examination are exposed to ionizing radiation while performing portable radiographs on horses. An online survey was distributed to all Veterinary Council of Ireland-registered practices where the self-reported practice profile is at least 20% equine work. The survey contained questions relating to radiation safety training, protocols, personal dosimetry and lead protection usage, repeat exposures, sedation, and personnel roles during the examination. The aim of the survey was to document the current radiation safety practices of equine veterinary practitioners during portable radiography. The results showed that although adherence to guidance set out by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is reasonably good, compliance rates can be improved. Personal dosemeter usage and repeat rate reduction could particularly benefit from further improvement. This is of the utmost importance in ensuring that occupational radiation exposure to veterinary practitioners is kept to an absolute minimum during their daily practice.
Age-Related Changes in Sleep and Its Implications for Cognitive Decline in Aging Persons With Schizophrenia: A Critical Review
Authors: Baran Bengi , Lee Ellen E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia that worsens with aging and interferes with quality of life. Recent work identifies sleep as an actionable target to alleviate cognitive deficits. Cardinal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep oscillations such as sleep spindles and slow oscillations are critical for cognition. People living with schizophrenia (PLWS) and their first-degree relatives have a specific reduction in sleep spindles and an abnormality in their temporal coordination with slow oscillations that predict impaired memory consolidation. While NREM oscillatory activity is reduced in typical aging, it is not known how further disruption in these oscillations contributes to cognitive decline in older PLWS. Another understudied risk factor for cognitive deficits among older PLWS is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which may contribute to cognitive decline.

Study Design
We conducted a narrative review to examine the published literature on aging, OSA, and NREM sleep oscillations in PLWS.

Study Results
Spindles are propagated via thalamocortical feedback loops, and this circuitry shows abnormal hyperconnectivity in schizophrenia as revealed by structural and functional MRI studies. While the risk and severity of OSA increase with age, older PLWS are particularly vulnerable to OSA-related cognitive deficits because OSA is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, and OSA adds further damage to the circuitry that generates NREM sleep oscillations.

Conclusions
We highlight the critical need to study NREM sleep in older PWLS and propose that identifying and treating OSA in older PLWS will provide an avenue to potentially mitigate and prevent cognitive decline.
Clozapine Efficacy and Adverse Drug Reactions Among a Nationwide Study of 1021 Australians Prescribed Clozapine: The ClozaGene Study
Authors: Lind Penelope A , Parker Richard K , Northwood Korinne , Siskind Dan J , Medland Sarah E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The ClozaGene Study is a nationwide cohort of adults who have been treated with clozapine. While clozapine is indicated in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it is associated with a considerable adverse drug reaction (ADR) burden, and not all patients achieve adequate symptomatic response. The current study focuses on self-reported experiences of clozapine use and response, clozapine-associated ADRs, and mental health comorbidity.

Study Design
A total of 1021 participants (41.0% female; aged 46.2 ± 10.6 years [range 18–66]) were recruited via a mail-out based on prescriptions for clozapine. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire.

Study Results
Most participants (90.1%, n = 912) were living with schizophrenia while 41.5% reported a lifetime diagnosis of depression, 15.6% bipolar disorder, and 8.1% schizoaffective disorder. Clozapine was currently prescribed to 944 (92.5%) participants and 37.8% of these participants self-reported currently taking additional antipsychotic medication. Nearly 3 quarters of participants living with schizophrenia reported that clozapine helped control their schizophrenia symptoms moderately to very well. The most commonly reported ADRs were sialorrhea (80.3%), weight gain (71.0%), constipation (56.9%), and sedation (52.8%). The prevalence of clozapine cessation due to clozapine-induced myocarditis and neutropenia was 1% and 0.4%, respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the high rate of psychotic and metabolic symptoms and ADRs among adults prescribed clozapine in the general Australian population. Future genomic analyses will focus on identifying genetic variants influencing clozapine treatment response and side effects.
The dose disrupts the pathway: application of Paracelsus principle to mechanistic toxicology
Authors: Suvorov Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Arguably the most famous principle of toxicology is “The dose makes the poison” formulated by Paracelsus in the 16th century. Application of the Paracelsus’s principle to mechanistic toxicology may be challenging as one compound may affect many molecular pathways at different doses with different and often nonlinear dose-response relationships. As a result, many mechanistic studies of environmental and occupational compounds use high doses of xenobiotics motivated by the need to see a clear signal indicating disruption of a particular molecular pathway. This approach ignores the possibility that the same xenobiotic may affect different molecular mechanism(s) at much lower doses relevant to human exposures. To amend mechanistic toxicology with a simple and concise guiding principle, I suggest recontextualization of Paracelsus’s following its letter and spirit: “The dose disrupts the pathway”. Justification of this statement includes observations that many environmental and occupational xenobiotics affect a broad range of molecular cascades, that most molecular pathways are sensitive to chemical exposures, and that different molecular pathways are sensitive to different doses of a chemical compound. I suggest that this statement may become a useful guidance and educational tool in a range of toxicological applications, including experimental design, comparative analysis of mechanistic hypotheses, evaluation of the quality of toxicological studies, and risk assessment.
Racial Disparities Exist in 90-day Unplanned Return to the Emergency Department Following Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery
Authors: Pean Christian , Chari Tristan , Valan Bruno , Peairs Emily , Poehlein Emily , Green Cynthia L. , Taylor Erica , Toth Alison , Olson Steven , DeBaun Malcolm 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Introduction: Racial disparities in healthcare outcomes exist, including in orthopaedic trauma care. This study aimed to determine the impact of race, social deprivation, and payor status on 90-day emergency department (ED) revisits among orthopaedic trauma surgery patients at a Level 1 trauma academic medical center.

METHODS:
Design: Retrospective Chart Review Analysis

Setting:
Level 1 Academic Trauma Center in Durham, North Carolina

Patient Selection Criteria:
Adult Patients undergoing orthopaedic trauma surgery between 2017 and 2021
Outcome Measures and Comparisons: The primary outcome of this retrospective cohort study was 90-day return to the ED. Logistic regression analysis was performed for variables of interest [race, social deprivation (measured by Area Deprivation Index), and payor status] separately and combined, with each model adjusting for distance to the hospital. Results were interpreted as odds ratios (ORs) of 90-day ED revisits comparing levels of the respective variables. Statistical significance was assessed at α=0.05.

RESULTS:
A total of 3,120 adult patients who underwent orthopaedic trauma surgery between 2017 and 2021 were included in the analysis. Black race (OR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.17-1.84, p<0.001) and Medicaid coverage (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.20-2.21, p=0.002) were significantly associated with higher odds of return to ED compared to non-Black or non-Medicaid-covered patients. While ethnic minority (Hispanic/Latino or non-White) was statistically significant while adjusting only for distance to the hospital (OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.00-1.50, p=0.047), it was no longer significant after adjusting for the other sociodemographic variables (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 0.91-1.39, p=0.27). Weighted Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was not associated with a difference in odds of return to ED in any adjusted models.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results highlight the presence of racial and socioeconomic disparities in ED utilization, with Black race and Medicaid coverage significantly associated with higher odds of return to the ED. Future research should delve deeper into comprehending the root causes contributing to these racial and socioeconomic utilization disparities and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions to reduce them.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Circulating tumor DNA- and cancer tissue-based next-generation sequencing reveals comparable consistency in targeted gene mutations for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Weijia , Xu Kai , Liu Zhenkun , Wang Yifeng , Chen Zijia , Gao Yanyun , Peng Renwang , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Molecular subtyping is an essential complementarity after pathological analyses for targeted therapy. This study aimed to investigate the consistency of next-generation sequencing (NGS) results between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based and tissue-based in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify the patient characteristics that favor ctDNA testing.

Methods:
Patients who diagnosed with NSCLC and received both ctDNA- and cancer tissue-based NGS before surgery or systemic treatment in Lung Cancer Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital between December 2017 and August 2022 were enrolled. A 425-cancer panel with a HiSeq 4000 NGS platform was used for NGS. The unweighted Cohen’s kappa coefficient was employed to discriminate the high-concordance group from the low-concordance group with a cutoff value of 0.6. Six machine learning models were used to identify patient characteristics that relate to high concordance between ctDNA-based and tissue-based NGS.

Results:
A total of 85 patients were enrolled, of which 22.4% (19/85) had stage III disease and 56.5% had stage IV disease. Forty-four patients (51.8%) showed consistent gene mutation types between ctDNA-based and tissue-based NGS, while one patient (1.2%) tested negative in both approaches. Advanced diseases and metastases to other organs would be fit for the ctDNA-based NGS, and the generalized linear model showed that T stage, M stage, and tumor mutation burden were the critical discriminators to predict the consistency of results between ctDNA-based and tissue-based NGS.

Conclusion:
ctDNA-based NGS showed comparable detection performance in the targeted gene mutations compared with tissue-based NGS, and it could be considered in advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
Comparison of Cardiovascular Health Between Parents and Non-Parents in NHANES 2011-2018
Authors: Gregory Emily F. , Maddox Adya I. , Tindall Alyssa , Ibarra Jose L. , Virudachalam Senbagam 
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:
We compared cardiovascular health for parents and non-parents using the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 (LE8).

Methods:
This cross-sectional cohort analyzed 2011-2018 NHANES participants aged 20 to 54. The exposure was parenting, defined as living with a child. Logistic regression assessed whether parenting was associated with odds of ideal LE8 total or sub-scores. Regression adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, and income. Subgroups included female sex, male sex, income <150% federal poverty levels, and parents of younger children.

Results:
6847 participants represented a weighted population of 79 120 285 (57% parents). Parenting was not associated with adjusted odds of ideal total LE8 (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.76–1.09). Parenting was associated with decreased odds of ideal body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72–0.91) and increased odds of smoking avoidance (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.38). Associations varied by subgroup. Only the subgroup with lower incomes demonstrated reduced odds of ideal total LE8 for parents (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41–0.82).

Conclusions:
Parents and non-parents differed in smoking and BMI, though not in LE8 total. Families with low incomes may particularly benefit from dual generation cardiovascular risk reduction.
Risk factors and nomogram of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer: A prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Vo Truong Quoc , Phan Minh Tri , Tran Cong Duy Long , Doan Tien My 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CRPF) is considered the most dangerous morbidity associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and to construct a predicted model for CRPF after PD.

Materials and Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between August 2021 and October 2023 at Cho Ray Hospital and University Medical Center were included in a multicenter cohort research. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors of CRPF, and a nomogram was built based on these factors. The value of the nomogram in predicting CRPF was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
There were 183 eligible patients in this study (mean age: 57.5 ± 12.6 years; 101 males), and the prevalence of CRPF was 13.7% overall. Multivariate analyses showed that 4 risk factors related to CRPF, including preoperative serum albumin <3.5 g/dL, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, soft texture of the pancreas and estimated blood loss ≥400 mL were prognostic factors for CRPF (P < 0.05). We built a nomogram based on 4 variables to predict CRPF, and the area under the ROC curve for this nomogram was 0.855 (95% CI: 0.768–0.933).

Conclusions
Nomogram developed from 4 risk factors shows good performance to predict CRPF after PD. The clinical findings of this study will help surgeons identify perioperative risk factors for high-risk patients with pancreatic fistula who should be managed differently from other patients.

Clinical Trial Registry

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05017207.

Statement of Significance
We successfully developed a nomogram to predict the risk of pancreatic fistula using 4 perioperative factors. By incorporating these risk factors into clinical practice, surgeons can develop appropriate treatment plans and interventions for high-risk patient populations, potentially reducing the morbidity associated with CRPF.