bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B41: Serum MIS and breast cancer risk
Authors: Dorgan Joanne , Stanczyk Frank , Egleston Brian , Shaw Christiana , Kahle Lisa , Spittle Cynthia , Adams Gregory , Brinton Louise 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B41
Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a member of the transforming growth factor β family of growth and differentiation factors known primarily for its role in regulating in-utero sexual differentiation of males. In the female breast, MIS inhibits elongation and branching of mammary ducts. In vitro and in animal models, MIS inhibits growth of mammary tumors. Thus, we hypothesized that MIS may be a novel biomarker of decreased breast cancer risk. The objective of this study was to prospectively determine if MIS levels in serum are related to breast cancer risk. A case-control study was performed nested in the Columbia, Missouri Serum Bank. Each of 129 cases with prediagnostic serum collected before menopause were matched to 2 controls on age, date, menstrual cycle day, and time of day of blood collection. MIS was measured in serum by ELISA. Data analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression. Contrary to expectations, results of preliminary analysis indicate that premenopausal women with elevated serum MIS levels are at an increased risk of breast cancer. Median MIS concentrations in cases and controls were .3 ng/ml and .1 ng/ml, respectively (p=.002). Women in the highest MIS quartile had a RR = 6.6 (95% CI = 2.5 - 17.4; trend-p &lt;.0001). Tests for interaction with OC use were significant. In analysis restricted to women not taking OC’s (117 matched sets) the comparable RR=4.3 (95% CI = 1.5 - 12.1; trend-p=.006). Adjustment for serum estradiol and testosterone concentrations did not materially alter results. MIS could increase breast cancer risk via direct effects on the breast or correlation with other ovarian hormones associated with risk. MIS declines with ovarian aging and women with higher MIS levels may have a later age of menopause contributing to their increased breast cancer risk. Further research on the association of MIS with breast cancer is clearly needed.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B41.
Abstract B57: UBE3A (E6AP) auto antibodies in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gebreselassie Daniel , Lan R. , Loffredo C. , Goldman R. , Abdel-Hamid M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B57
UBE3A (E6AP) auto antibodies in hepatocellular carcinoma
1Gebreselassie, D., 1Lan, R., 1Loffredo, C.A., 2Abdel-Hamid, M., 1Goldman, R.
1Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Washington, D.C. & 2National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
Patients with cancer produce auto antibodies that could serve as biomarkers for detection and classification of the disease. To identify auto antibodies associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we used a protein array of 5,000 human proteins (Invitrogen) to compare sera of ten cancer free controls and ten patients with HCC matched on age, gender, and viral infection. Thirty six proteins significantly associated with HCC (p&lt;0.05) were spotted on a custom array. The array experiments confirmed increased auto antibodies in HCC for 20 of the 36 candidates. The frequency of increase was as high as 45% for some of the auto antibodies in a comparison of 20 HCC cases and 10 matched controls. To further validate the observed auto antibody response to Ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A), we fused cDNA for the protein, with an N-terminal FLAG tag and an enzyme reporter gene, humanized Renilla luciferase (hRluc). The construct was expressed in the Cos-1 mammalian cell line and crude cell lysates were used for quantification of auto antibodies in serum of the same individuals used in the protein array experiment. The assay is based on immunoprecipitation (IP) of the antigenic protein-construct on protein G beads followed by the quantification of hRluc chemiluminescence. Antibodies to the FLAG tag and the antigen of interest were used to optimize the assay. We found that HCC patient sera contain significantly elevated auto antibodies to UBE3A (t-test P&lt;0.01). The autoantibody response to UBE3A was observed in approximately 20% of the HCC patients and correlates with the results of the protein array experiment.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B57.
Abstract B6: Vegetable and fruit intakes and risk of Barrett’s esophagus in men and women
Authors: Thompson Olivia , Beresford Shirley , Kirk Elizabeth , Vaughan Thomas 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B6

Background
Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Modifiable risk factors for BE are largely unknown.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine if vegetable and fruit intakes were associated with BE risk.

Design
In a case-control study based in western Washington State, we compared the vegetable and fruit intakes of 170 patients newly diagnosed with BE to those of 182 controls from the general population. Relationships between vegetable and fruit intakes and BE were examined using unconditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Participants in the second and third tertiles of vegetable intake appeared to be at lowered BE risk (multivariate-adjusted OR=0.40 (95% CI=0.22, 0.74); OR=0.35 (95% CI=0.18, 0.70) respectively; Ptrend=0.047) compared to participants in the first tertile of vegetable intake. Similarly, participants in the second and third tertiles of combined vegetable and fruit intake were at lowered BE risk (multivariate-adjusted OR=0.53 (95% CI=0.29, 0.96); OR=0.47 (95% CI=0.24, 0.93) respectively; Ptrend=0.094) compared to participants in the first tertile of vegetable and fruit intake. Similar results were obtained in subanalyses limited to BE cases with visible and with long-segment BE.

Conclusions
Data from our study support that increased intakes of vegetables and vegetables and fruits are associated with lowered risks of BE in men and women. Prospective data that examine relationships between diet and BE are needed.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B6.
Abstract B62: Estrogen receptors interacting proteins and female lung cancer prognosis
Authors: Zhukov Tatyana 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B62

Introduction
The lung cancer death rate in women has doubled over the past 25 years, while the male lung cancer death rate has continued to decline. Although several lines of evidence suggest that women may be more susceptible to develop tobacco-induced lung cancer than men, we lack definitive results related to gender disparity in lung cancer survival. We hypothesize that estrogen through interaction with estrogen receptors (ERs) may mediate the centrosome amplification and affect their function. Potentially, centrosome abnormalities may lead to chromosomal instability and female lung cancer progression, that might be the reason for gender differences in lung cancer survival.

Materials and Methods
The NSCLC lung tumor specimens from male and female patients treated surgically at the Moffitt Cancer Center between 2000 and 2005 were used in this study.We developed quantitative methods for detection of centosome abnormalities and expression of γ- tubulin and Aurora A (markers of centrosome amplification) in archived tissue specimens and in lung cancer cell lines. We detected centosome markers and ER with immunocyto- histolabeling and assessed marker expression at sub-cellular locations, using bright field and confocal microscopy. Centrosomes are apical to the nucleus and appear to colocalize with ERα signal.

Results
We have found promising novel data on interaction of ERα, MUC1 and γ- tubulin and Aurora A. We observed significant increases in expression of ERα and centrosome markers in a subgroups of malignant tumors compared to normal adjacent lung. Co-localization experiments on cell culture encourage us to consider centrosome modification as the downstream effect of estrogen modification in lung cancer.

Conclusion
Correlation analysis of clinical data on differential lung cancer survival (after adjustment for patient’s gender, age, race, histology type, tumor stage at diagnosis, follow-up for recurrence and smoking history) with criteria of centrosome abnormalities is underway. These data may open a new way to look on mechanisms of chromosomal instability under estrogen control in female lung cancer progression, and introduce an attractive, novel therapeutic target.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B62.
Abstract B68: Emblica officinalis, a citrus flavonone, protects against radiation-induced chromosomal damage in Swiss albino mice bone marrow
Authors: Sharma Abhilasha , Soyal Dhanraj , Singh Inder , Sharma Nidhi , Goyal P. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B68
Free radicals are responsible for the induction of damage to the cellular DNA that leads to the formation of chromosome aberrations.
Antioxidants are known to scavenge free radicals,thereby decreasing the degree of such effects.Radiation is a well-known inducer of free radicals and compounds that can scavenge free radicals may reduce radiation-induced DNA damage. Emblica officinalis (Amla) a bioflavonoid predominant in citrus fruits, has been found to scavenge free radicals, therefore it may also reduce radiation-induced damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radioprotection action of 100 mg/kg Emblica in the bone marrow of mice exposed to different doses of Co60 gamma radiation by scoring the frequency of asymmetrical chromosomal aberrations.The irradiation of mice resulted in a dose-dependent elevation in the frequencey of aberrent cells, acentric fragments,chromatid and chromosome breaks, dicentric and exchanges. All these aberrations were elevated with scoring time up to 24 hour post irradiation and declined thereafter, except chromatid breaks,which were maximum at 12 hour post-irradiation. Treatment of mice with 100 mg/kg b.wt. Emblica officinalis before exposure to various doses of gamma radiation resulted in a significant reduction in the frequencies of aberrent cells and chromosomal aderrations like acentric fragments,chromatid and chromosomal breaks, centric rings, dicentrics, and exchanges. The evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of Emblica officinalis revealed a dose-dependent scavenging of hydroxyal,superoxide and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical.Our study demonstrates that Emblica officinalis can protects mouse bone marrow cells against radiation-induced chromosomal damage.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B68.
Abstract B72: Cancer chemopreventive potential of henna
Authors: Kapadia Govind , Sridhar Rajagopalan , Konoshima Takao , Takayasu Junko , Takasaki Midori , Tokuda Harukuni 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B72
“Henna” is a powder of the leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. This powder is used mainly as a pigment for coloring skin, hair, fingernails, leather, silk and wool. The anticancer potential of henna powder was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays. Henna inhibited tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) - induced activation of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen in lymphoblastoid Raji cells. This indicated the anticancer potential of henna powder. The activity of henna powder was also studied in the ultraviolet B light (280-320 nm wavelength, 34.3 kJ/m2) - initiated and TPA- promoted two stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. Topical application of a suspension of henna (0.5 mg/ml acetone) decreased tumor incidence in this model system by 70% and tumor multiplicity by 40% at ten weeks of treatment. Lawsone and its precursors 1, 2, 4-trihydroxynaphthalene-1,4-di-beta-glucopyranoside and 1, 2-dihydroxy-4-O-glucosyloxynaphthalene may be the pharmacologically active compounds in henna. In the present study lawsone inhibited TPA-induced activation of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen by 94%. The cancer inhibitory effect of topically applied henna powder was further demonstrated in the peroxynitrite (PN) -initiated and TPA - promoted two stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model system. In this model system, henna decreased tumor incidence by 55% and tumor multiplicity by 57% at 11 weeks of treatment. These data suggest that henna powder as well as its major coloring pigment, lawsone and/or its precursors may be useful as cancer preventive agents. The ability of lawsone and its precursors to perturb electron transfer reactions and free radical processes may partially account for their cancer preventive effects.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B72.
Abstract CN11-02: Cultural considerations in outcomes among prostate cancer patients
Authors: Halbert Chanita Hughes , Weathers Benita , Delmoor Ernestine , Mahler Brandon , Coyne James 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
CN11-02
Increasingly, cultural beliefs and values are being recognized as important to outcomes following cancer diagnosis. Although the way in which cultural beliefs and values are evaluated has implications for support programs that are developed to enhance survivorship, it is not known if cultural factors are best conceptualized as moderators or mediators of racial differences in psychological behaviors following prostate cancer diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if religiosity acted as a moderator or mediator of racial differences in coping efforts following prostate cancer diagnosis. Subjects were 224 African American and white men who were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer. Coping efforts and cultural factors were evaluated during a structured telephone interview. Overall, there were racial differences in religiosity (p=0.0001) and utilization of religious and spiritual coping (p=0.0001). African American men reported significantly greater levels of religiosity compared to white men and were most likely to use religion and spirituality to cope with their diagnosis. In the moderator analysis, the interaction between race and religiosity was not significant (p=0.22). However, in the mediation analysis, the effect for race became non-significant (p=0.36) when religiosity was entered into the model. Religiosity had a significant effect on religious and coping efforts (p=0.0001) in the final model; men with greater religiosity were most likely to use these strategies to cope with their diagnosis. These findings suggest that religiosity is not likely to be important to coping efforts only among African American men; rather, these beliefs and values are likely to influence how both African American and white men cope with their prostate cancer diagnosis.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):CN11-02.
Abstract CN14-01: A genome-wide association study identifies variation in nicotine acetylcholine receptors that influence risk for lung cancer and smoking behavior
Authors: Amos Christopher , Spitz Margaret , Wu Xifeng , Gorlov Ivan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
CN14-01
In order to identify genetic factors that influence risk for developing lung cancer wer performed a genome-wide analysis using 315,450 SNPs queried on 1154 lung cancer cases and 1137 controls. Results from this analysis and follow-up studies involving 2714 lung cancer cases and 3694 controls identified a region on chromosome 15q that contains nicotinic acetylcholine genes as showing an extremely consistent and significant association with lung cancer risk. The genes that are implicated in this region play a role in signal transduction after exposure to nicotine or its metabolites. The associated SNPs were shown by us and others to play a role in smoking behavior, but further detailed analyses have demonstrated an independent effect of this locus on lung cancer risk beyond that which can be explained solely by smoking behavior. These findings support earlier biological studies suggesting a direct role of nicotine or its metabolites in promoting lung cancer development. Variations in the SNPs on chromosome 15 do not associate with lung cancer risk in nonsmokers, indicating a gene-environment interaction. Studies including cases with a family history of lung cancer show a higher risk for lung cancer in this subset of individuals. In a further study, 9531 lung cancer cases and 9674 controls have been queried to identify additional genetic factors that reliably increase lung cancer risk and additional loci on chromosomes 6 and 5 have been identified.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):CN14-01.
Abstract CN14-02: Proteomics strategies for lung cancer diagnostics
Authors: Massion Pierre 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
CN14-02
Proteomics strategies for lung cancer diagnostics
Pierre P. Massion, MD
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
To address the lung cancer epidemic, early detection and chemoprevention strategies are urgently needed. A better understanding of lung carcinogenesis is critical to improve chemoprevention strategies. The study of molecular abnormalities in preinvasive lesions represents one way to address the critical steps of lung tumor development. The identification of molecular events involved in preinvasive lesions progression could lead to clinical studies with new molecular-targeted agents and the development of surrogate biomarkers. Such biomarkers are essential to select high-risk patients, select chemoprevention strategies and monitor drug efficacy. While morphological features of the airway mucosa of high risk individuals are well established, by themselves do not provide a satisfying predictive model of lung cancer development. The hypothesis pursued here is that molecular characteristics of the airway mucosa would provide a powerful tool to classify subjects at high risk for lung cancer and should ultimately personalize the management of lung cancer and reduce the overall mortality associated with this disease. Bronchial specimen obtained from these high risk individuals lead to the report of a series of candidate biomarkers. These markers are being discovered through a series of methodologies advances that include proteomic strategies such as conventional immunhistochemical analyses, antibody arrays, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and shotgun proteomics. Advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of preinvasive lesions have helped identify many promising potential markers of early lesions which may lead to new effective biomarkers and chemopreventive strategies in high-risk populations.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):CN14-02.
Abstract ED02-01: Quantitative mass spectrometry for small molecules and gene mutations
Authors: Groopman John D. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
ED02-01
Advanced Methods and Technologies for Biomarker Research
In recent years there have been enormous advances in the technologies and methods used to develop and validate biomarkers for use in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases. Both genomic and proteomic research strategies have been used to understand cancer etiology, progression and metastasis. At the same time advances in mass spectrometry have helped to discern the continuing role that chemical carcinogens play in many human cancers. Collectively all of these advances in research are contributing to the translation of findings into epidemiology and prevention. This session will explore what our current state of knowledge about these technologies and methods with the goal that this will stimulate translational research in cancer prevention.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):ED02-01.
Abstract ED05-02: Discovering new drugs to inhibit prostate cancer metastasis
Authors: Bergan Raymond 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
ED05-02
Cancer chemoprevention offers a unique drug discovery opportunity. This is because at its core, chemoprevention involves the interface between pharmacologic agents that induce perturbations in biological systems and early stage cancer biology. The molecular aberrations in early stage cancer are more limited than those in advanced stage cancer. This provides a more permissive environment for understanding the complex relationships between drug, pharmacologic target, and therapeutic result. Thus, agents with therapeutically relevant activity represent important investigative tools that can be used to reveal important underlying biology, to identify new pharmacologic targets, and to develop pathophysiologically relevant models. Initial agents can then serve as starting blocks for new chemical synthesis, and these new compounds in turn can be evaluated for bioactivity in relevant model systems. The same considerations in the field of chemoprevention that facilitate this conventional bench-to-man approach to drug discovery can also be applied to the more novel approach of beginning drug discovery endeavors in man. The impetus for undertaking such an approach stems from the facts that our preclinical models have severe restrictions in emulating the biology in man, that the transition from preclinical to clinical represents a frequent point of failure, that the time to drug approval is not improving, and that the cost of drug discovery continues to rise. With the advent of new methods that permit robust system-wide measurement of cell and molecular parameters on limiting amounts of tissue, a practical barrier to beginning drug discovery efforts in man is now being lifted. Here too, chemoprevention offers a unique opportunity. This is because chemopreventive agent candidates are relatively non-toxic, and because they are tested in well defined risk cohorts. Thus, taken together, it now becomes possible to prospectively administer relatively non-toxic agents to at risk cohorts, and to screen for cell and molecular effects in a target organ harboring a limited spectrum of molecular aberrations. By definition, the resultant findings will have direct relevance to man, as well as to relevant underlying biology. An example of how an integrated approach was pursued by a single research group will be provided, and will serve to highlight the efficiency of interfacing chemoprevention with drug discovery. In particular, a natural product that possesses anti-motility properties has fostered the elucidation of pathways which regulated prostate cancer cell motility, has led to the identification of a pharmacologically relevant target protein, and has provided the chemical scaffold which supported new agent discovery. By coupling administration of the natural product to man, with gene expression profiling of target cells in man, new regulators of prostate cell motility have been identified and then confirmed by in vitro studies.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):ED05-02.
Abstract ED06-03: Tissue resources for translational research
Authors: Jacobson James 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
ED06-03
Biospecimens are required to support translational research leading to the development of biomarkers and clinical assays. Translational research encompasses projects from biomarker discovery through clinical assay development to ultimate validation of biomarkers and assays for clinical use. Each stage along this translational pathway requires appropriate biospecimens with different levels of annotation. The characteristics of biospecimens needed at each level of biomarker/clinical assay development will be discussed. The Cancer Diagnosis Program and other NCI programs support tissue resources that meet some of the need for biospecimens for translational cancer research. The types of resources available and the challenges of maintaining comprehensive biospecimen resources will be discussed.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):ED06-03.