bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetylation of p-Aminophenol by Preyssler's anion [NaP5W30O110]14-, [NaP5 W29MoO110]14- with green condition at room temperature
Authors: Gharib Ali , Scheeren J. , Bamoharram Fatemeh , Roshani Mina , Jahangir Manouchehr 
Published: June 2009

Acetylation of p-Aminophenol by Preyssler's anion [NaP5W30O110]14-, [NaP5 W29MoO110]14- with green condition at room temperature
Synthesis of acetaminophen at green condition and room temperature in the presence of the Preyssler type heteropolyacids has been investigated in order to contribute toward clean technology, which is the most important need of the society. All of the catalysts are recyclable and reusable.
Transient CFD simulations of turbulent liquid - liquid flow in a Kenics static mixer. Radial and tangential velocities
Authors: Murasiewicz Halina , Jaworski Zdzislaw 
Published: June 2009

Transient CFD simulations of turbulent liquid - liquid flow in a Kenics static mixer. Radial and tangential velocities
The results of modelling of the two-phase turbulent flow of a two-phase, liquid-liquid mixture in a Kenics static mixer were reported. Advanced transient simulations were performed using the large eddy simulation (LES) approach and a broader analysis of the velocity field was carried out. The two-phase flow was modelled employing the Eulerian approach in the pseudo-homogeneous version of the mixture model. Three cases were again considered, which differed by the density of the two phases and the simulations were performed for Reynolds number of 10,000. The LES results for the tangential and radial components were compared with those obtained in the steady-state RANS approach.
Carbon modified TiO2 photocatalysts for water purification
Authors: Morawski Antoni , Janus Magdalena , Tryba Beata , Toyoda Masahiro , Tsumura Tomoki , Inagaki Michio 
Published: June 2009

Carbon modified TiO2 photocatalysts for water purification
Carbon can form different structures with TiO2: carbon-doped TiO2, carbon coated TiO2 and composites of TiO2 and carbon. The presence of carbon layer on the surface of TiO2 as well as the presence of porous carbon in the composites with TiO2 can increase the concentration of organic pollutants on the surface of TiO2, facilitating the contact of the reactive species with the organic molecules. Carbon-doped TiO2 can extend the absorption of the light to the visible region by the narrowing of the band gap and makes the photocatalysts active under visible light irradiation. TiO2 loaded carbon can also work as a photocatalyst, on which the molecules are adsorbed in the pores of carbon and then they undergo the photocatalytic decomposition with UV irradiation. Enhanced photocatalytic activity for the destruction of some organic compounds in water was noticed on the carbon coated TiO2 and TiO2 loaded activated carbon, mostly because of the adsorptive role of carbon. However, in carbon-doped TiO2, the role of carbon is somewhat different, the replacement of carbon atom with Ti or oxygen and formation of oxygen vacancies are responsible for extending its photocatalytic activity towards the visible range.
Preparation of cobalt titanates via co-precipitation while using industrial intermediates as titanium precursors
Authors: Przepiera Aleksander , Płaska Justyna , Przepiera Krystyna , Jabłoński Maciej , Konratowska Aleksandra 
Published: June 2009

Preparation of cobalt titanates via co-precipitation while using industrial intermediates as titanium precursors
This paper reports on the results of cobalt titanates preparation by calcination of green bodies obtained by a co-precipitation method. For the investigations were used: as titanium sources, acidic solutions of titanyl sulfate and hydrous titanium dioxide, originating from the production process of titanium dioxide by sulfate method. The composition of the obtained materials was determined using titration methods. The calcined powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction method. It has been found that the obtained products are composed of cobalt methatitanate CoTiO3 or cobalt orthotitanate Co2TiO4 occurring as single phases, and also as cobalt titanates and titanium dioxide phase mixtures. The proposed method of proceeding can be used for the preparation of series of transition metals titanates, such as nickel, iron, zinc, copper and also aluminium titanates.
The effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of 2-nitrobenzoic acid
Authors: Thenesh-Kumar S. , Gnana-Prakash D. , Nagendra-Gandhi N. 
Published: June 2009

The effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of 2-nitrobenzoic acid
A comprehensive investigation on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient enhancement of 2-nitrobenzoic acid through hydrotropy, has been undertaken. The solubility and mass transfer coefficient studies were carried out using hydrotropes such as sodium acetate, citric acid and nicotinamide under a wide range of hydrotrope concentrations (0 to 3.0 mol/L) and different system temperatures (303 to 333 K). It was found that the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of 2-nitrobenzoic acid increases with an increase in hydrotrope concentration and also with system temperature. All hydrotropes used in this work showed an enhancement in the solubility and mass transfer coefficient to different degrees. The maximum enhancement factor value has been determined for both the solubility and mass transfer coefficient. The effectiveness of hydrotropes was measured in terms of Setschnew constant Ks
and reported for all the hydrotropes used in this study.
Scaling diminution by heterogeneous crystallization in a filtration element integrated with membrane distillation module
Authors: Gryta Marek 
Published: June 2009

Scaling diminution by heterogeneous crystallization in a filtration element integrated with membrane distillation module
Water desalination by membrane distillation is restricted by calcium carbonate precipitation on the membrane surface, what resulted in a progressive decline of the permeate flux. The module rinsing by HCl solution removed this deposit, however, such operation could cause the membrane wettability, associated with lowering of the permeate flux. This phenomenon was inhibited when the membrane modules with prefiltration element, assembled directly at the inlet to module, were used. The salt deposits were formed mainly on the surface of the filtration element (nets area constituted over 10% of the membranes area), what protected the membranes assembled inside the module. The filter efficiency decreased when the deposit layer covered the entire surface of pre-filter element, and after a few hours (period of 10-20 h) the formation of crystallite on the membrane surface was also observed. Therefore, the formed deposit was systematically removed (at every 5 h) from this pre-filter by 3 wt.% HCl solutions. The periodical rinsing of nets by acid did not have a negative influence on the membrane
Study on Kneading and Molding of PP/TiO2 Nanocomposite
Authors: Huang C. K. , Cheng F. S. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This paper investigates the kneading and molding of PP (polypropylene) with nano-TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) powder having sizes in the range of 50 nm. It was found that quality feedstock with uniform nanopowder dispersion was achieved only when the kneading was performed for optimum time under optimum torque using a custom-made triple-screw kneader with a high shear stress. The torque and kneading time needed for PP composite with 40 wt.% nano-TiO2 is double that required for the one with 10 wt.%. Rheological and impact properties of composites with 10 wt.% and 40 wt.% filler loading were also analyzed. In addition, a very important result revealed that a simple micro-grating can be successfully used as a mold insert to replicate micro-features made with PP/nano-TiO2 feedstock using injection molding conducted under a high forming pressure and evacuation of the mold.
Impact of the Effluents of Textile Dyeing Industries on the Surface Water Quality inside D.N.D Embankment, Narayanganj
Authors: Sultana Mahfuza S , Islam M Shahidul , Saha Ratnajit , Al-Mansur MA 
Published: June 2009

The study was carried out in order to assess the impact of the various pollutants of textile dyeing effluents on the surface water quality of the industrial area inside Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra (D.N.D) embankment, Narayanganj. Physicochemical parameters such as TSS, TDS, DO, pH, EC, Turbidity, BOD, COD, anionic parameters such as F-, Cl-, NO2 -, NO3 -, SO4 - and PO4 3- and heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu of the samples were investigated by using various techniques. The results showed that, textile dyeing industries inside D.N.D embankment area discharges effluents composed of various physicochemical and anionic pollutants at considerably higher level compared to pollution limit. Further, the surface water of the D.N.D channel, ponds and lakes around the studied textile dyeing industries also contain various physicochemical and anionic pollutants at intolerable limit. A significant correlation was also observed among some important water parameters of the effluents and surface water. The above findings point out that the surface water around the studied textile dyeing industries is highly polluted by the industrial activities of the D.N.D. embankment area and not good for human consumption. Key words: Industrial effluents, D.N.D embankment, Surface water quality, Environmental impact. doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i1.2715 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(1), 65-80, 2009
Removal of Arsenic From Wastewater Using Bentonite
Authors: Zahra Naseem , Sheikh Shahid T , Mahmood Ansar , Javed Khalid 
Published: June 2009

Arsenic in water can do harm to human health. High arsenic concentrations have been reported recently from the USA, China, Chile, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Mexico, Argentina, Poland, Canada, Hungary, Japan and India. Conventional techniques used for arsenic removal involves oxidation, precipitation, membrane separation. The present study involves the removal of arsenic from wastewater by batch adsorption technique using bentonite. Bentonite contains montmorillonite which has the quality to adsorb inorganic and organic materials. Relying upon arsenic test strip method, the quantity of arsenic was determined after the treatment of 500 ppb arsenic solution with bentonite. Percentage adsorption was determined for bentonite-arsenic solution system as a function of i) contact time, ii) pH iii) temperature iv) mesh size and v) adsorbate dose. Maximum arsenic adsorption was observed at 20OC at pH 2 and 8. Minimum particle size favors maximum arsenic adsorption. The time taken to maintain equilibrium was 30 minutes. Bentonite is suitable for removal of arsenic from wastewater. Key words: Arsenic removal, Bentonite , Batch adsorption, Wastewater doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i1.2716 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(1), 81-86, 2009
Relationship of Depressive Symptoms to the Impact of Physical Symptoms on Functional Status in Women With Heart Failure
Authors: Song Eun Kyeung , Moser Debra K. , Lennie Terry A. 
Published: June 2009

Background Among patients with heart failure, women have worse functional status than do men, but little research has focused on determining factors that influence functional status in either sex.
Objectives To compare factors that influence functional status in men and women with heart failure and to test whether depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between physical symptoms and functional status.
Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used. A total of 231 patients, 133 men and 98 women, were recruited from an inpatient heart failure clinic in South Korea. Functional status (the Korean Activity Scale/Index), physical symptoms (the Symptom Status Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (the Beck Depression Inventory), and situational factors (living status, socioeconomic status) were measured. Hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analysis were used for data analysis.
Results Women (mean score, 24.5; SD, 17.3) had worse functional status than did men (mean score, 31.9; SD, 20.1; P = .004). Dyspnea on exertion (β = −0.16), ankle swelling (β = −0.19), fatigue (β = −0.20), and depressive symptoms (β = −0.19) were independently associated with functional status in women, whereas only dyspnea on exertion (β = −0.30) influenced functional status of men in hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Mediation analysis indicated that depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between physical symptoms and functional status in women with heart failure, but not in men.
Conclusions Distinct physical and psychological symptoms influence functional status in women with heart failure. A systematic multidimensional intervention may be required to target depressive symptoms to improve functional status in women with heart failure.
Prednisolone Treatment Induces Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and a Regulatory Milieu in Myasthenia Gravis Patients
Authors: Luther Claudia , Adamopoulou Eleni , Stoeckle Christina , Brucklacher-Waldert Verena , Rosenkranz Daniela , Stoltze Lars , Lauer Sigrid , Poeschel Simone , Melms Arthur , Tolosa Eva 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
FOXP3-expressing naturally occurring CD4+CD25high T regulatory cells (Treg) are relevant in the control of autoimmunity, and a defect in this cell population has been observed in several human autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that altered functions of peripheral Treg cells might play a role in the immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, a T cell-dependent autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies specific for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. We report in this study a significant decrease in the in vitro suppressive function of peripheral Treg cells isolated from myasthenia patients in comparison to those from healthy donors. Interestingly, Treg cells from prednisolone-treated myasthenia gravis patients showed an improved suppressive function compared with untreated patients, suggesting that prednisolone may play a role in the control of the peripheral regulatory network. Indeed, prednisolone treatment prevents LPS-induced maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells by hampering the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and by limiting secretion of IL-12 and IL-23, and enhancing IL-10. In addition, CD4+ T cells cultured in the presence of such tolerogenic dendritic cells are hyporesponsive and can suppress autologous CD4+ T cell proliferation. The results shown in this study indicate that prednisolone treatment promotes an environment that favors immune regulation rather than inflammation.
A MyD88-Dependent Early IL-17 Production Protects Mice against Airway Infection with the Obligate Intracellular Pathogen Chlamydia muridarum
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Gao Lifen , Lei Lei , Zhong Youmin , Dube Peter , Berton Michael T. , Arulanandam Bernard , Zhang Jinshun , Zhong Guangming 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We found that IL-17, a signature cytokine of Th17, was produced early in the innate immunity phase after an intranasal infection with the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia muridarum. The airway IL-17, which peaked at 48 h after infection, was dependent on live chlamydial organism replication and MyD88-mediated signaling pathways. Treatment with antibiotics or knockout of the MyD88 gene, but not Toll/IL receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β, can block the early IL-17 production. Treatment of mice with an anti-IL-17-neutralizing mAb enhanced growth of chlamydial organisms in the lung, dissemination to other organs, and decreased mouse survival, whereas treatment with an isotype-matched control IgG had no effect. Although IL-17 did not directly affect chlamydial growth in cell culture, it enhanced the production of other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by Chlamydia-infected cells and promoted neutrophil infiltration in mouse airways during chlamydial infection, which may contribute to the antichlamydial effect of IL-17. These observations suggest that an early IL-17 response as an innate immunity component plays an important role in initiating host defense against infection with intracellular bacterial pathogens in the airway.
Gene Expression Profiling and Real-Time PCR Analyses Identify Novel Potential Cancer-Testis Antigens in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Condomines Maud , Hose Dirk , Rème Thierry , Requirand Guilhem , Hundemer Michael , Schoenhals Matthieu , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Klein Bernard 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) Ags are attractive targets for immunotherapeutic strategies since they are aberrantly expressed in malignant cells and not, or in limited number, in somatic tissues, except germ cells. To identify novel CT genes in multiple myeloma, we used Affymetrix HG-U133 gene expression profiles of 5 testis, 64 primary multiple myeloma cells (MMC), and 24 normal tissue samples. A 5-filter method was developed to keep known CT genes while deleting non-CT genes. Starting from 44,928 probe sets, including probe sets for 18 previously described CT genes, we have obtained 82 genes expressed in MMC and testis and not detected in more than 6 normal tissue samples. This list includes 14 of the 18 known CT genes and 68 novel putative CT genes. Real-time RT-PCR was performed for 34 genes in 12 normal tissue samples, 5 MMC samples, and one sample of five pooled testes. It has validated the CT status of 23 of 34 genes (67%). We found one novel “testis-restricted” gene (TEX14, expression in testis and tumor only), eight “tissue-restricted” (mRNA detected in one or two nongametogenic tissues), and seven “differentially expressed” (mRNA detected in three to six nongametogenic tissues) CT genes. Further studies are warranted to determine the immunogenicity of these novel CT Ag candidates.
B Cell Intrinsic MyD88 Signals Drive IFN-γ Production from T Cells and Control Switching to IgG2c
Authors: Barr Tom A. , Brown Sheila , Mastroeni Pietro , Gray David 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The question of whether Ab responses to T-dependent Ags require B cell intrinsic signaling via the main TLR adaptor (MyD88) has become embroiled in confusion. In part this may be related to the methods used to analyze B cell intrinsic signaling. We have used a mixed bone marrow chimera model to generate mice in which the B cell compartment is completely deficient in MyD88 expression, while the other hematopoietic lineages are largely normal. These mice were immunized with T-dependent Ags or infected with Salmonella. We found that the Ag-specific IgG2c primary response was absolutely dependent on MyD88 signaling to B cells, while other Ig classes were not (IgG1 and IgG3) or much less so (IgG2b, IgA). The MyD88B−/− chimeric mice exhibited an impairment of development of IFN-γ effector T cells, a likely contributory factor in the lack of IgG2c. We also found that B cell intrinsic MyD88 signals are required for the production of natural Abs. The data emphasize the nonredundant role of B cells as programmers of T cell differentiation in vivo.
SHIP Regulates the Reciprocal Development of T Regulatory and Th17 Cells
Authors: Locke Natasha R. , Patterson Scott J. , Hamilton Melisa J. , Sly Laura M. , Krystal Gerald , Levings Megan K. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Maintaining an appropriate balance between subsets of CD4+ Th and T regulatory cells (Tregs) is critical to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. Through a common requirement for TGF-β, the development of peripherally induced Tregs is intimately linked to that of Th17 cells, with the resulting lineages depending on the presence of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. Currently very little is known about the molecular signaling pathways that control the development of Tregs vs Th17 cells. Reduced activity of the PI3K pathway is required for TGF-β-mediated induction of Foxp3 expression and the suppressive activity of Tregs. To investigate how negative regulators of the PI3K pathway impact Treg development, we investigated whether SHIP, a lipid phosphatase that regulates PI3K activity, also plays a role in the development and function of Tregs. SHIP-deficient Tregs maintained suppressive capacity in vitro and in a T cell transfer model of colitis. Surprisingly, SHIP-deficient Th cells were significantly less able to cause colitis than were wild-type Th cells due to a profound deficiency in Th17 cell differentiation, both in vitro and in vivo. The inability of SHIP-deficient T cells to develop into Th17 cells was accompanied by decreased IL-6-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3 and an increased capacity to differentiate into Treg cells under the influence of TGF-β and retinoic acid. These data indicate that SHIP is essential for normal Th17 cell development and that this lipid phosphatase plays a key role in the reciprocal regulation of Tregs and Th17 cells.
Tristetraprolin Is Required for Full Anti-Inflammatory Response of Murine Macrophages to IL-10
Authors: Schaljo Barbara , Kratochvill Franz , Gratz Nina , Sadzak Iwona , Sauer Ines , Hammer Michael , Vogl Claus , Strobl Birgit , Müller Mathias , Blackshear Perry J. , Poli Valeria , Lang Roland , Murray Peter J. , Kovarik Pavel 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
IL-10 is essential for inhibiting chronic and acute inflammation by decreasing the amounts of proinflammatory cytokines made by activated macrophages. IL-10 controls proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production indirectly via the transcription factor Stat3. One of the most physiologically significant IL-10 targets is TNF-α, a potent proinflammatory mediator that is the target for multiple anti-TNF-α clinical strategies in Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 seem to be mediated by several incompletely understood transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. In this study, we show that in LPS-activated bone marrow-derived murine macrophages, IL-10 reduces the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and IL-1α in part through the RNA destabilizing factor tristetraprolin (TTP). TTP is known for its central role in destabilizing mRNA molecules containing class II AU-rich elements in 3′ untranslated regions. We found that IL-10 initiates a Stat3-dependent increase of TTP expression accompanied by a delayed decrease of p38 MAPK activity. The reduction of p38 MAPK activity releases TTP from the p38 MAPK-mediated inhibition, thereby resulting in diminished mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines. These findings establish that TTP is required for full responses of bone marrow-derived murine macrophages to IL-10.
The Influence of IgE-Enhancing and IgE-Suppressive γδ T Cells Changes with Exposure to Inhaled Ovalbumin
Authors: Huang Yafei , Jin Niyun , Roark Christina L. , Aydintug M. Kemal , Wands J. M. , Huang Hua , O'Brien Rebecca L. , Born Willi K. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
It has been reported that the IgE response to allergens is influenced by γδ T cells. Intrigued by a study showing that airway challenge of mice with OVA induces in the spleen the development of γδ T cells that suppress the primary IgE response to i.p.-injected OVA-alum, we investigated the γδ T cells involved. We found that the induced IgE suppressors are contained within the Vγ4+ subset of γδ T cells of the spleen, that they express Vδ5 and CD8, and that they depend on IFN-γ for their function. However, we also found that normal nonchallenged mice harbor IgE-enhancing γδ T cells, which are contained within the larger Vγ1+ subset of the spleen. In cell transfer experiments, airway challenge of the donors was required to induce the IgE suppressors among the Vγ4+ cells. Moreover, this challenge simultaneously turned off the IgE enhancers among the Vγ1+ cells. Thus, airway allergen challenge differentially affects two distinct subsets of γδ T cells with nonoverlapping functional potentials, and the outcome is IgE suppression.