bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties: Lifespan and retention forecast for jute fiber woven fabric reinforced epoxy matrix composite
Authors: Subramani Satheeshkumar , Munimathan Arunkumar , Manivannan Jegan Manickam , Sivanraju Rajkumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolymer composites bonded with natural fibers are extensively used for a range of engineering purposes. Preserving their mechanical strength and estimating their maximum service life are thus essential for efficient usage. The primary goals of this effort are to analyze and forecast the longest possible life span of composites. To do this, Fick's law and the Arrhenius principle are employed to analyze the diffusion coefficient and activation energy. Compression molding technology and a manual technique for layup were employed to make the composites reinforced with epoxy laminate and woven mats of jute fiber (JRC). Three layering patterns were used to prepare the laminated composite: 45° angle‐ply laminate [0°/+45°/0°/−45°/0°], 0° balanced laminate [0°/0°/0°/0°/0°/0°], and 30° angle‐ply laminate [0°/+30°/0°/−30°/0°]. In order to examine how aging affected the composites' mechanical properties, the materials were immersed in water for 10, 20, 30, and 40 days throughout the study. The study's conclusions showed that the composite samples' weight rose with age. It was possible to make precise predictions about strength retention by comparing the mechanical characteristics of aged (wet) and unaged composites. It was discovered that the strongest composites were those with a 45‐degree stacking pattern. The activation energy of composites with a 45° angle‐ply laminate layering pattern is maximum, according to the Arrhenius principle. Additionally, using an electron microscope with scanning capabilities (SEM), it was possible to determine the fiber matrix and the tensile cracked surface contact connection.Highlights
The widespread usage of polymer composites with natural fibers in engineering applications.
Preservation of mechanical strength and predicting the maximum service life of these composites show how important these materials are for engineering efficiency.
Fick's rule and the Arrhenius principle are used to analyze diffusion coefficient and activation energy.
Laminated composites are made using 45° angle‐ply, 0° balanced laminate, and 30° angle‐ply layering patterns.
The impact of simulated aging on composite mechanical characteristics by water immersion for varied periods.
Simultaneous port number and location optimization of mold gates‐vents using in‐house coded stochastic multi‐objective optimization algorithm
Authors: Zade Anita , Kumar Subhank , Kuppusamy Raghu Raja Pandiyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research introduces multi‐objective stochastic optimization (MOSO) and non‐dominated sorting differential evolution (NSDE) in‐house coded algorithms for enhancing the optimization of the resin transfer molding (RTM) process during the mold‐fill phase for composite parts. Glass fiber‐vinyl ester‐based automotive bonnet and carbon fiber‐RTM6‐based aircraft wing flap parts were used as the case studies. Initially, the NSDE algorithm was developed for the simultaneous optimization of dry‐spot content and mold‐fill time by changing the locations of gates and vents with pre‐fixed port numbers. Then, the MOSO algorithm was designed for the concurrent optimization of the dry‐spot content, mold‐fill time and total number of ports by changing both the numbers and locations of gates and vents. The effect of race‐tracking was also investigated using higher permeability values at the composite part‐cut edges. When compared, the MOSO algorithm predicted less dry‐spot content, number of ports, mold‐fill time and uniform resin flow‐front progressions with lesser functional evaluations and computational time than the NSDE algorithm.Highlights
The non‐dominated sorting differential evolution (NSDE) and multi‐objective stochastic optimization (MOSO) algorithms were developed for the optimization of the mold fill phase of resin transfer molded composite parts.
The development of the NSDE algorithm aimed to concurrently optimize the dry‐spot content and mold‐fill time by changing the locations of gates and vents with pre‐fixed port numbers.
The MOSO algorithm was designed to concurrently optimize dry‐spot content, mold‐fill time, and the total number of ports by varying both the numbers and locations of gates and vents.
The MOSO algorithm predicted better‐automated mold‐fill phase optimalities for the resin transfer molded composite parts compared to the NSDE algorithm.
Dynamic response of GFRP/Nomex honeycomb sandwich panels subjected to multiple hail impacts – An experimental study
Authors: Sun Yigang , Xu Zhenkun , Deng Yunfei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNowadays, more and more aircraft components are made of composite sandwich structures, and ice impacts are prone to cause internal damage to composite sandwich structures, so it is crucial to study the impact of hail on composite sandwich structures. Since hail impacts may occur several times at a single point, an experimental approach was used to investigate the dynamic response of GFRP/Nomex honeycomb sandwich panels under multiple hail impacts. The dynamic response of the structure was investigated in terms of response rate and deflection‐profile curves using 3D digital image correlation methods, and the effects of impact energy, hail size, and number of impacts on the impact resistance of the honeycomb sandwich structure were explored. The results show that the dynamic response process of sandwich panels can be categorized into the ball‐and‐crown phase, the rebound phase, and the vibration phase. Under the same impact energy, the impact of small‐sized hailstones is more threatening to honeycomb sandwich panels. As the number of impacts increases, the maximum deflection value of the back panel first increases uniformly, and when the layered damage area reaches the threshold value, fiber stripping occurs, and the increment of the maximum deflection value increases significantly.Highlights
Since hail impacts may occur several times in real situations, this study conducted multiple impact experiments for one impact site. The dynamic response and damage pattern of the GFRP/Nomex honeycomb sandwich panels under multiple hail impacts were also investigated.
The dynamic response process of GFRP/Nomex honeycomb sandwich panels was categorized into three phases: ball‐crown stage, rebound stage, and vibration stage.
With the increase of the number of impacts, fiber stripping and fiber break damage began to occur when the layered damage area of the panel reached the threshold value. The honeycomb core has three main failure modes: cell wall folds, cell wall fracture, and cell wall debonding at the TGPW interface.
Small‐diameter hails pose a more significant threat of damage to honeycomb sandwich panels at the same impact energy.
Investigation of physical, thermal, mechanical and gas permeability properties of low‐density polyethylene/ poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) blend films and their utilization for fresh‐cut fruit and vegetable packaging applications
Authors: Gokkurt Tolga , Gokkurt Yasemen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, low density polyethylene/poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) (LDPE/PMP) blend films were prepared by melt compounding in a twin‐screw extruder then film casting in a single screw extruder equipped with a cast‐film. Morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of flexible blend films were characterized by XRD, SEM, DSC analysis, and tensile tests. Solid‐state viscoelastic properties of samples were also quantified by measuring creep behaviors in DMA. Oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability values of films were measured. Their packaging film application performances were evaluated by observing the textural properties of fresh‐cut bananas stored into LDPE and a blend film bag and monitoring the ethylene, oxygen, carbon dioxide concentrations into the bags for 14 days. It was found that LDPE/PMP blends showed partially miscible structure but yielded highly transparent films. DSC results pointed out that the PMP significantly reduced the degree of crystallinity value of LDPE. On the other hand, PMP improved tensile strength and elastic modulus of LDPE. Creep tests indicated that the PMP addition significantly reduced the creep resistance and relaxation time of LDPE. This study clearly signified that the PMP dramatically increased the oxygen permeability value of LDPE. It has also been concluded that LDPE/PMP blend films can be used as a highly permeable packaging material for successfully extending the shelf life of fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables.Highlights
LDPE/PMP films, despite being partially miscible, are highly transparent and made through melt compounding and film casting.
Adding PMP to LDPE reduces crystallinity but improves tensile strength and elasticity, as shown by DSC tests.
PMP reduces LDPE's creep resistance and quickens relaxation time, according to DMA creep tests.
PMP greatly increases LDPE's oxygen permeability, ideal for gas‐transmitting packaging.
LDPE/PMP film packaging prolongs the shelf life of fresh produce, proven in a banana storage study.
Compressive behavior of hierarchical brick‐and‐mortar structures obtained by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Opelt Carlos Vinicios , Martins Marcelo Matos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNature is a never‐ending fount of inspiration to solve engineering problems. In light of this, the goal of this work is to propose and study structures that mimic materials found in nature, more specifically nacre. These structures were designed to be manufactured using fused deposition modeling since this is an accessible way to reproduce complex geometries. The manufactured biomimetic materials were tested in uniaxial compression in two different directions. In addition, an elastoplastic numerical analysis was used to better understand the compressive behavior of the studied structures. The comparison between experimental and numerical analysis reveals that the overall behavior results from two competing mechanisms, that is, an increase in stiffness due to strain‐hardening and a stiffness decay promoted by damage propagation. Moreover, it was possible to see that the structures continue to bear load while they retain the structural integrity, which is dominated by the crushing strength of each type of structure.Highlights
Additive manufactured nacre‐inspired structures were proposed.
Influence of different geometries in the compressive behavior was assessed.
Behavior was linked to competition between strain‐hardening and damage growth.
Load‐bearing capacity was related to the structural integrity of elements.
The crack deflection mechanism was identified in some specimens.
Daylight photoluminescence imaging of photovoltaic systems using inverter‐based switching
Authors: Weber J. W. , Kunz O. , Knaack C. , Chung D. , Barson A. , Slade A. , Ouyang Z. , Gottlieb H. , Trupke T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDaylight photoluminescence imaging of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules is demonstrated for modules embedded in rooftop and utility‐scale systems, using inverters to electrically switch the operating point of the array. The method enables rapid and high‐quality luminescence image acquisition during the day, unlocking efficient performance and quality monitoring without the need to connect specific electrical hardware or to make any modifications to the system wiring. The principle of the measurement approach is discussed, and experimental results from a 12‐kWDC residential rooftop system and from a 149 MWDC utility‐scale photovoltaic power plant are presented. Measurements were performed using commercial inverters without modifications to the inverter hardware or firmware. In the case of the utility‐scale power plant, the daylight photoluminescence image acquisition of modules connected to a central inverter was obtained from a remote piloted aircraft. Data analysis includes the conversion of photoluminescence image data into implied voltage differences.
Effect of screw speed in compounding of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch blends and their processability by cast extrusion
Authors: Genovesi Annalisa , Gisario Annamaria , Barletta Massimiliano 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBlends of bio‐polyesters cover a wide percentage of the market share and possess properties comparable to the ones of conventional polymers. Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is a fossil‐based compostable bioplastic, which possess good mechanical properties and processability. Blending PBAT with thermoplastic starch (TPS) allows to lower the cost of the final products and to increase the amount of bioderived material. The influence of the processing parameters on the morphology and on the mechanical properties of PBAT/TPS blends is studied. The compounds were produced via twin‐screw extrusion and then films were produced via cast film extrusion. The quality of the dispersion is strongly related to the screw speed adopted during the compounding process. The quality of the film and their processability depend on the parameters adopted during the compounding process.
Post‐microwave plasma catalysis: Current developments and future implications
Authors: Brown Siobhan W. , Tiwari Sarojini , Hu Jianli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPost‐microwave plasma catalysis combines plasma preactivation of the gas phase followed by a fixed bed catalyst. This process has the potential to be energy efficient, modular, versatile and to generate high numbers of active species compared with other plasma generation technologies. Specific applications of these post‐microwave plasma systems include the dissociation and activation of stable molecules and the modification of catalyst materials. This concept article will address the current findings in microwave plasma catalysis research and propose future questions that need to be addressed to further develop the technology.
Noncontact respiration monitoring techniques in young children: A scoping review
Authors: van der Linden Marjolein , Veldhoen Esther S. , Arasteh Emad , Long Xi , Alderliesten Thomas , de Goederen Robbin , Dudink Jeroen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPediatric sleep‐related breathing disorders, or sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), cover a range of conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, sleep‐related hypoventilation disorders, and sleep‐related hypoxemia disorder. Pediatric SDB is often underdiagnosed, potentially due to difficulties associated with performing the gold standard polysomnography in children. This scoping review aims to: (1) provide an overview of the studies reporting on safe, noncontact monitoring of respiration in young children, (2) describe the accuracy of these techniques, and (3) highlight their respective advantages and limitations. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies researching techniques in children <12 years old. Both quantitative data and the quality of the studies were analyzed. The evaluation of study quality was conducted using the QUADAS‐2 tool. A total of 19 studies were included. Techniques could be grouped into bed‐based methods, microwave radar, video, infrared (IR) cameras, and garment‐embedded sensors. Most studies either measured respiratory rate (RR) or detected apneas; n = 2 aimed to do both. At present, bed‐based approaches are at the forefront of research in noncontact RR monitoring in children, boasting the most sophisticated algorithms in this field. Yet, despite extensive studies, there remains no consensus on a definitive method that outperforms the rest. The accuracies reported by these studies tend to cluster within a similar range, indicating that no single technique has emerged as markedly superior. Notably, all identified methods demonstrate capability in detecting body movements and RR, with reported safety for use in children across the board. Further research into contactless alternatives should focus on cost‐effectiveness, ease‐of‐use, and widespread availability.
Genotype‐driven asthma prescribing of inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting β2‐agonist: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Buendía Jefferson Antonio , Salazar Andrés Felipe Zuluaga 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionPredicting response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) + long‐acting β2‐agonist (LABA) by previously detecting the presence of Arg16Gly ADRB2 genotype is a strategy that could reduce and optimize the management of asthmatic patients. There is a need for economic evaluations to facilitate the implementation of such tests. This research aims to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of Arg16Gly ADRB2 screening in children with asthma in Colombia.MethodsFrom the perspective of a third‐party payer, we conducted a cost‐effectiveness analysis to determine the cost and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) of genotype‐driven asthma prescribing based on the Arg16Gly ADRB2 genotype versus current treatment based on no genetic testing. Using four state‐transition models, we estimate cost and QALYs employing micro‐simulation modeling with a time horizon of 10 years and a cycle length of 1 week. Cost‐effectiveness was assessed at a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) value of US$5180.ResultsThe mean incremental cost of strategy genetic testing versus no genetic testing is US$ −6809. The mean incremental benefit of strategy genetic testing is 16 QALYs. The incremental net monetary benefit of strategic genetic testing versus no genetic testing is US$ 88,893. Genetic testing is the strategy with the highest expected net benefit. The outcomes derived from our primary analysis remained robust when subjected to variations in all underlying assumptions and parameter values.ConclusionGenetic testing of Arg16Gly ADRB2 is a cost‐effective strategy to address asthma management in asthmatic children requiring ICS+LABA. This result should encourage the generation of more evidence and the incorporation of such evidence into clinical practice guidelines for pediatric asthma.
Functional in vitro diversity of an intrinsically disordered plant protein during freeze–thawing is encoded by its structural plasticity
Authors: Hernández‐Sánchez Itzell , Rindfleisch Tobias , Alpers Jessica , Dulle Martin , Garvey Christopher J. , Knox‐Brown Patrick , Miettinen Markus S. , Nagy Gergely , Pusterla Julio M. , Rekas Agata , Shou Keyun , Stadler Andreas M. , Walther Dirk , Wolff Martin , Zuther Ellen , Thalhammer Anja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntrinsically disordered late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play a central role in the tolerance of plants and other organisms to dehydration brought upon, for example, by freezing temperatures, high salt concentration, drought or desiccation, and many LEA proteins have been found to stabilize dehydration‐sensitive cellular structures. Their conformational ensembles are highly sensitive to the environment, allowing them to undergo conformational changes and adopt ordered secondary and quaternary structures and to participate in formation of membraneless organelles. In an interdisciplinary approach, we discovered how the functional diversity of the Arabidopsis thaliana LEA protein COR15A found in vitro is encoded in its structural repertoire, with the stabilization of membranes being achieved at the level of secondary structure and the stabilization of enzymes accomplished by the formation of oligomeric complexes. We provide molecular details on intra‐ and inter‐monomeric helix–helix interactions, demonstrate how oligomerization is driven by an α‐helical molecular recognition feature (α‐MoRF) and provide a rationale that the formation of noncanonical, loosely packed, right‐handed coiled‐coils might be a recurring theme for homo‐ and hetero‐oligomerization of LEA proteins.
Application of fertilizer and insecticide can reduce Antonina graminis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and improve the quality of golf course putting greens
Authors: Wolverton Robert , Joseph Shimat V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRhodesgrass mealybug, Antonina graminis, is a serious pest of ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) on golf course putting greens. A. graminis feeding damage appears as extensive yellowing of turfgrass blades and heavy thinning from mid‐to‐late summer into fall. Putting greens are intensively managed areas of the golf course where fertilizers are routinely applied to maintain and enhance turfgrass quality, playability and aesthetics. We hypothesize that A. graminis populations can be minimized by reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer and then effectively managed using systemic insecticides. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various levels of N fertilizer and flupyradifurone on the A. graminis population and turfgrass quality on the golf course putting green. The treatments were low, medium, and high N fertilizer rates with and without insecticide (flupyradifurone).RESULTSApplying a high dose of N fertilizer improved turfgrass quality without increasing A. graminis densities on the golf course green. Although flupyradifurone application reduced A. graminis densities regardless of N fertilizer treatments, suppression of A. graminis densities improved at the high fertilizer dose with flupyradifurone. Additionally, the turfgrass quality on the putting green improved with high N fertilizer alone, regardless of flupyradifurone application.CONCLUSIONA. graminis populations can be managed using moderate to high levels of N fertilizer and applying a systemic insecticide. The low nitrogen fertilizer did not effectively reduce the A. graminis densities on the putting green. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The Oxidative C−C Bond Cleavage for the Valorization of Lignin
Authors: Guo Shaoyuan , Wang Miao , Tong Xinli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSelective and efficient transformation of lignin to the value‐added chemicals is of importance to realize the industrial application of the renewable biomass resources. The oxidative cleavage of carbon‐carbon (C−C) bond is a promising technique for the depolymerization and refining of lignin. Herein, the catalyst system for oxidative valorization of lignin and lignin models is summarized, which includes the thermocatalytic, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic approaches. In the thermocatalytic system, homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis is introduced and discussed, respectively. For the photocatalytic or electrocatalytic system, the used photocatalyst or electrocatalyst is emphasized. At last, the insights to main challenges and future perspectives on the oxidative valorization of lignin have been presented.