bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late surgical correction after complex unstable pelvic fracture 61 C3 (OTA/AO) of an 18-year-old woman
Authors: Rikhter Oleksandr 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Surgical fixation of pelvic fractures is often necessary to restore fracture stability and improve patient outcomes. However, early operative management of pelvis fractures is not widely available in many health systems, resulting in conservative treatment approaches. Conservative approaches can lead to uncorrected pelvic deformities, which are challenging to treat and increase the risk of serious complications such as malunion. Treatment of pelvic malunion requires specialized care, access to necessary equipment, and a clearly defined treatment protocol. However, there is a lack of literature describing treatment algorithms for pelvic fracture malunion. This case report aims to incrementally fill this gap in the literature and highlight a logical step-by-step approach for reconstruction of pelvic malunion. This report is a single case of an 18-year-old woman who sustained complex unstable pelvic fracture, indicated for a 3-step reconstruction at a hospital with limited resources but access to computed tomography scan and some specialized pelvis reduction instruments. Postoperative imaging of the pelvis indicated satisfactory reduction and stable fixation of the pelvic reconstruction. After surgery, the patient was able to perform full axial load with no reported pain. This report provides a detailed description of each step of the operative management of a pelvic malunion case with clearly defined sequences, reduction tools, and positioning maneuvers necessary. Demonstrated in this case report, strategic preoperative planning is critical to successfully treating pelvic malunion and improving patient outcomes. This case report provides the necessary information on the management of pelvic reconstruction to inform other surgeons in underserved regions.
Association of Residual Low-frequency Hearing Loss in Children and Type of Ventilation Tube Placed During Myringotomy With Tympanostomy Tube Placement
Authors: Drew Kristin , Yergin Celeste Goh , Snoap Adam , James Victoria Claire , Collins William , Schrepfer Thomas 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Assess whether titanium Tytan tympanostomy tubes result in a larger air-bone gap (ABG) at lower frequencies compared to Armstrong and Paparella tubes.

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Pediatric otolaryngology department of a 1000-bed academic center.

Patients:
A cohort of 110 children, aged 4–16 years, who had no sensorineural hearing loss or congenital syndromes and underwent tympanostomy tube placement between August 2018 and February 2021.

Interventions:
Tympanostomy procedures using Tytan, Armstrong, or Paparella tubes.

Main Outcome Measure:
Evaluation of pure tone average (PTA) and ABG at frequencies of 500 and 250 Hz.

Results:
Tytan tubes enhanced PTA and ABGs across studied frequencies. Nonetheless, post-Tytan tube placement exhibited significantly worse PTA and 500 Hz ABG compared to Armstrong and Paparella tubes (P < 0.05; P < 0.0001). Additionally, 250 Hz ABG post-Tytan was inferior to post-Armstrong (P < 0.0001). Relative risks of persistent ABG ≥ 15 dB with Tytan versus Armstrong tubes were 2.36 (1.62–3.44) at 500 Hz and 1.49 (1.09–1.99) at 250 Hz. Against Paparella tubes, these were 2.11 (1.28–3.72) at 500 Hz and 1.12 (0.81–1.67) at 250 Hz, the latter being not significant.

Conclusion:
While Tytan tubes optimize PTA, they are linked to enduring ABG ≥ 15 dB at lower frequencies. Notably, they perform less favorably in terms of 500 Hz PTA and ABG compared to both Armstrong and Paparella and demonstrate poorer 250 Hz ABG when juxtaposed with Armstrong tubes.
Mitochondrial Health, Physical Functioning, and Daily Affect: Bioenergetic Mechanisms of Dementia Caregiver Well-Being
Authors: Wu-Chung E. Lydia , Medina Luis D. , Paoletti-Hatcher Jensine , Lai Vincent , Stinson Jennifer M. , Mahant Itee , Schulz Paul E. , Heijnen Cobi J. , Fagundes Christopher P. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Chronic stress adversely affects mental and physical well-being. However, health outcomes vary among people experiencing the same stressor. Individual differences in physical and emotional well-being may depend on mitochondrial biology, as energy production is crucial for stress regulation. This study investigated whether mitochondrial respiratory capacity corresponds to individual differences in dementia spousal caregivers’ mental and physical health.

Methods
Spousal caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (N = 102, mean age = 71, 78% female, 83% White) provided peripheral blood samples and completed self-report questionnaires on quality of life, caregiver burden, and a 7-day affect scale. Multiple and mixed linear regressions were used to test the relationship between mitochondrial biology and well-being.

Results
Spare respiratory capacity (b = 12.76, confidence interval [CI] = 5.23–20.28, p = .001), maximum respiratory capacity (b = 8.45, CI = 4.54–12.35, p < .0001), and ATP-linked respiration (b = 10.11, CI = 5.05–15.18, p = .0001) were positively associated with physical functioning. At average (b = −2.23, CI = −3.64 to −0.82, p = .002) and below average (b = −4.96, CI = −7.22 to 2.70, p < .0001) levels of spare respiratory capacity, caregiver burden was negatively associated with daily positive affect. At above average levels of spare respiratory capacity, caregiver burden was not associated with positive affect (p = .65).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that higher mitochondrial respiratory capacity is associated with better psychological and physical health—a pattern consistent with related research. These findings provide some of the earliest evidence that cellular bioenergetics are related to well-being.
miR-208a-3p regulated by circUQCRC2 suppresses ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting CELF2-mediated tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis
Authors: Huang Peng , Meng Lingzhang , Pang Jun , Huang Haiting , Ma Jing , He Linlin , Lin Xu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent clinical syndrome with persistent kidney dysfunction. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of AKI. miR-208a-3p overexpression attenuated myocardial I/R injury. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-208a-3p in I/R-induced AKI. Methods: AKI models were established using hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-exposed tubule epithelial cell HK-2 and I/R-induced mice. The function and mechanism of miR-208a-3p were investigated by gain- or loss-of-function methods using real-time PCR, CCK-8, flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot, hematoxylin-eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, detection of Fe2+, reactive oxygen species, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and luciferase reporter assay. Results: miR-208a-3p expression was suppressed, while the expression of CELF2 and circular RNA ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 (circUQCRC2) was increased in both AKI models. miR-208a-3p upregulation or circUQCRC2 silencing increased the viability, decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), reduced apoptosis and contents of Fe2+ and reactive oxygen species, elevated expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11, and reduced ACSL4 expression in H/R-stimulated HK-2 cells. In addition, miR-208a-3p improved kidney function by alleviating renal injury, apoptosis, inflammation, and ferroptosis in AKI mouse model. CELF2 was a target gene of miR-208a-3p, which was negatively modulated by circUQCRC2. Overexpression of CELF2 blocked the function of miR-208a-3p upregulation or circUQCRC2 silencing on H/R-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, the effects of circUQCRC2 downregulation on H/R-injured cells were also reversed by miR-208a-3p inhibitor. Conclusions: miR-208a-3p regulated by circUQCRC2 could attenuate I/R-induced AKI by inhibiting CELF2-mediated tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis. This study provides potential therapeutic targets for I/R-induced AKI.
VENOARTERIAL EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION REDUCES MYOCARDIAL AND MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Ni Ming , Dong Aiqiang , Zhu Xian , Li Xuebiao , Xu Guocong , Gao Ning , Wei Dongdong , Wang Yifan , Kong Minjian 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cardiovascular disease with a high fatality rate once accompanied by cardiogenic shock. The efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in treating MI is controversial. Methods: MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in adult male rats. Groups were defined as follows: MI group, reperfusion for 90 min after 30 min of LAD occlusion; MI + ECMO group, reperfusion and ECMO were performed for 90 min immediately after 30 min of LAD occlusion; prolonged MI + ECMO group, ECMO was used immediately after 30 min of occlusion with persistent occlusion of the LAD for an additional 30 min, followed by 90 min of reperfusion. The myocardial infarct size and mitochondrial morphology and function data were collected and compared of each group. Results: The ECMO groups had a smaller myocardial infarct size and larger percentage ejection fraction. Compared with the prolonged MI + ECMO group, the immediate reperfusion group had a lower percentage of infarct size (63.28% vs. 17.97% vs. 31.22%, MI vs. MI + ECMO vs. prolonged MI + ECMO). Mitochondria isolated from the ischemic zone showed an intact mitochondrial structure, including fewer voids and broken cristae, and preserved activity of mitochondrial complex II and complex IV in ECMO groups. Conclusions: ECMO support in MI can reduce myocardial injury despite delayed coronary reperfusion.
Health care providers’ communication with pediatric patients and carers: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Shoaran Maryam , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Kabiri Neda , Salehi Pourmehr Hanieh , Talebpour Amin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction and objectives:
Health care providers need a high level of communication skills in dealing with pediatric patients and their carers. The objective of this project was to evaluate current practice and implement best practices promoting health care provider communication with pediatric patients and carers in a children's hospital in Tabriz, Iran.

Methods:
This project used the JBI Model of Evidence-Based Healthcare, which guided the conceptualization of evidence implementation, context analysis, project implementation, and evaluation of outcomes using evidence-based quality indicators. An audit and feedback strategy was adopted to measure baseline compliance with best practices, develop strategies to address areas of non-compliance, and conduct a final audit to measure any changes in compliance. Four criteria were developed for the baseline and follow-up audits. Criteria 1 and 2 were evaluated using a sample of 30 health care providers, while Criteria 3 and 4 were evaluated using a sample of 80 pediatric patients and carers.

Results:
All four criteria improved at the end of the project. Criterion 1 (health care staff receive communication skills training) had the highest mean score at baseline and follow-up (63% and 83%, respectively). Criterion 2 (implementation of local strategies by health care organizations) increased from 45% to 55%. However, this rate of improvement was the lowest of all the criteria. Criterion 3 (pediatric patients receive relevant education) improved from low to moderate, rising from 18% to 49%. A more significant improvement was noted for Criterion 4 (parents receive relevant education), which rose from 19% to 56%.

Conclusions:
The strategies implemented in this project successfully improved health care provider communication with pediatric patients and their carers. To ensure project sustainability, repeat audits will be conducted after 3, 6, and 12 months.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A199
Relationship Between Therapeutic Activity and Preferential Targeting of Toxic Soluble Aggregates by Amyloid-Beta-Directed Antibodies
Authors: Kaplan Johanne M. , Gibbs Ebrima , Coutts Juliane , Zhao Beibei , Mackenzie Ian , Cashman Neil R. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAmyloid-beta (Aβ)-directed antibodies tested clinically for therapeutic activity against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have shown varying degrees of efficacy. Although all of these antibodies target the Aβ peptide, their binding profile to different molecular species of Aβ differs and may underlie the observed variability in clinical outcomes.ObjectiveExplore the relationship between targeting of soluble toxic Aβ species and therapeutic efficacy.MethodsSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to conduct a side-by-side comparison of the binding of various Aβ-directed antibodies to monomers and soluble Aβ oligomers from AD brains. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess reactivity with plaque. Preclinical activity was assessed in human amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse models of AD.ResultsNon-selective, pan-Aβ reactive antibodies such as crenezumab and gantenerumab, which have failed to produce a clinical benefit, bound all forms of Aβ tested. In a competition assay, these antibodies lost the ability to bind toxic AD brain oligomers when exposed to monomers. Aggregate-selective antibodies such as aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab, showed reduced monomer binding and a greater ability to withstand monomer competition which correlated with their reported inhibition of cognitive decline. Of the antibodies in earlier stages of clinical testing, ACU193 and PMN310 displayed the greatest ability to retain binding to toxic AD brain oligomers while PRX h2731 was highly susceptible to monomer competition. Plaque binding was observed with all aggregate-reactive antibodies with the exception of PMN310, which was strictly selective for soluble oligomers. Targeting of oligomers by PMN310 protected cognition and was not associated with microhemorrhages in mouse models of AD.ConclusionsOverall, these results suggest that selectivity for soluble toxic Aβ oligomers may be a driver of clinical efficacy, with a potentially reduced risk of ARIA if engagement with plaque is minimized.
Exploring automated Feature Selection for Model-based and Density-based clustering with application to NCI 60 data
Authors: Ahuja Suruchi Jai Kumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA major objective of clustering is to identify groups in the data that maximizes the similarity between objects within the same cluster and minimizes the similarity between different clusters. A challenge for data clustering, and unsupervised learning in general, is that there is often no mechanism for feature selection. In contrast, supervised learning problems can be solved in connection with feature selection methods, such as subset selection or LASSO like penalties. However, variable selection in unsupervised learning problems is not well defined since there is no response variable, which makes subset selection is far more challenging.Consequently, there have been comparatively few methods that automate feature selection for clustering. Typically, when faced with high dimensionality, or the possibility of irrelevant features, an investigator will employ dimension reduction techniques with standard clustering algorithms. In this work, I examine two methods that encode feature selection into the clustering process, cluster variable selection via model-based clustering and density-based clustering, using the Clustvarsel and DBSCAN packages in the R programming language. These methods were applied to the NCI-60 data and compared to the Principal Component based k-means over different parameter settings. Results indicate major advantages in the performance of PC based k-means when compared to feature selection via Clustvarsel and DBSCAN, and major limitations in Clustvarsel.
Crystal structure of a bacterial photoactivated adenylate cyclase determined at room temperature by serial femtosecond crystallography
Authors: Kapetanaki Sofia M. , Coquelle Nicolas , von Stetten David , Byrdin Martin , Rios-Santacruz Ronald , Bean Richard , Bielecki Johan , Boudjelida Mohamed , Fekete Zsuzsana , Grime Geoffrey W. , Han Huijong , Hatton Caitlin , Kantamneni Sravya , Kharitonov Konstantin , Kim Chan , Kloos Marco , Koua Faisal H.M. , de Diego Martinez Iñaki , Melo Diogo , Rane Lukas , Round Adam , Round Ekaterina , Sarma Abhisakh , Schubert Robin , Schulz Joachim , Sikorski Marcin , Vakili Mohammad , Valerio Joana , Vitas Jovana , de Wijn Raphael , Wrona Agnieszka , Zala Ninon , Pearson Arwen , Dörner Katerina , Schirò Giorgio , Garman Elspeth F. , Lukács András , Weik Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOaPAC is a recently discoveredblue-lightusing flavin adenosine dinucleotide (BLUF) photoactivated adenylate cyclase from the cyanobacteriumOscillatoria acuminatathat uses adenosine triphosphate and translates the light signal into the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Here, we report the crystal structures of the enzyme in the absence of its natural substrate determined from room temperature serial crystallography data collected at both an X-ray free electron laser and a synchrotron and we compare them with the cryo macromolecular crystallography structures obtained at a synchrotron by us and others. These results reveal slight differences in the structure of the enzyme due to data collection at different temperatures and X-ray sources. We further investigate the effect of the Y6 mutation in the blue-light using flavin adenosine dinucleotide domain, a mutation which results in a rearrangement of the hydrogen-bond network around the flavin and a notable rotation of the side-chain of the critical Q48 residue. These studies pave the way for ps - ms time-resolved serial crystallography experiments at X-ray free electron lasers and synchrotrons in order to determine the early structural intermediates and correlate them with the well-studied ps - ms spectroscopic intermediates.SynopsisStructures of the dark-adapted state of a photoactivated adenylate cyclase are determined from serial crystallography (SX) data collected at room temperature at an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and a synchrotron and are compared with cryo macromolecular crystallography (MX) synchrotron structures obtained by us and others. These structures of the wild-type enzyme in combination with the cryo MX synchrotron structure of a light-sensor domain mutant provide insight into the hydrogen bond network rearrangement upon blue-light illumination and pave the way for the determination of structural intermediates of the enzyme by time-resolved SX.
Innate liking and disgust reactions elicited by intraoral capsaicin in male mice
Authors: Han Yibin , Tanaka Daisuke H. , Uesaka Naofumi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiking and disgust are the primary positive and negative emotions, respectively, and are crucial for nutrient intake and toxin avoidance. These emotions are induced by multimodal stimuli such as taste, olfactory, and somatosensory inputs, and their dysregulation is evident in various psychiatric disorders. To understand the biological basis of liking and disgust, it is crucial to establish an animal model that allows for quantitative estimation of liking and disgust in response to multimodal stimuli. The only readout shared by many species, including humans, for liking and disgust, has been taste reactivity. However, readouts of non-taste stimuli-induced emotions remain unestablished. Here, we show that intraoral administration of capsaicin, a chemosomatosensory stimulus, elicits orofacial and bodily reactions in male mice similar to those observed in taste reactivity. Capsaicin induced liking reactions at low concentrations and disgust reactions at high concentrations. Capsaicin-induced disgust reactions consisted of various reactions, including gape and forelimb flail, with the proportion of each reaction among the disgust reactions being similar to that induced by bitter and sour stimuli. These findings indicate that orofacial and bodily reactions, defined as taste reactivity, are elicited not only by taste stimuli, but also by intraoral chemosomatosensory stimuli. Understanding the biological basis of capsaicin-induced orofacial and bodily reactions will advance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying liking and disgust across sensory modalities.
Tissue and cellular spatiotemporal dynamics in colon aging
Authors: Daly Aidan C. , Cambuli Francesco , Äijö Tarmo , Lötstedt Britta , Marjanovic Nemanja , Kuksenko Olena , Smith-Erb Matthew , Fernandez Sara , Domovic Daniel , Van Wittenberghe Nicholas , Drokhlyansky Eugene , Griffin Gabriel K , Phatnani Hemali , Bonneau Richard , Regev Aviv , Vickovic Sanja 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTTissue structure and molecular circuitry in the colon can be profoundly impacted by systemic age-related effects, but many of the underlying molecular cues remain unclear. Here, we built a cellular and spatial atlas of the colon across three anatomical regions and 11 age groups, encompassing ∼1,500 mouse gut tissues profiled by spatial transcriptomics and ∼400,000 single nucleus RNA-seq profiles. We developed a new computational framework, cSplotch, which learns a hierarchical Bayesian model of spatially resolved cellular expression associated with age, tissue region, and sex, by leveraging histological features to share information across tissue samples and data modalities. Using this model, we identified cellular and molecular gradients along the adult colonic tract and across the main crypt axis, and multicellular programs associated with aging in the large intestine. Our multi-modal framework for the investigation of cell and tissue organization can aid in the understanding of cellular roles in tissue-level pathology.
Lipoxin A4/FPR2 signaling mitigates ferroptosis of alveolar epithelial cells via NRF2-dependent pathway during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Kollareth Denny Joseph Manual , Leroy Victoria , Tu Zhenxiao , Woolet-Stockton Makena Jade , Kamat Manasi , Garrett Timothy J. , Atkinson Carl , Cai Guoshuai , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Sharma Ashish K. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPost-lung transplantation (LTx) injury can involve sterile inflammation due to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We investigated the cell-specific role of ferroptosis (excessive iron-mediated cell death) in mediating lung IRI and determined if specialized pro-resolving mediators such as Lipoxin A4 (LxA4) can protect against ferroptosis in lung IRI.METHODSSingle-cell RNA sequencing of lung tissue from post-LTx patients was analyzed. Lung IRI was evaluated in C57BL/6 (WT), formyl peptide receptor 2 knockout (Fpr2−/−) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 knockout (Nrf2−/−) mice using a hilar-ligation model with or without LxA4administration. Furthermore, the protective efficacy of LxA4was evaluated employing a murine orthotopic LTx model andin vitrostudies using alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) cells.RESULTSDifferential expression of ferroptosis-related genes was observed in post-LTx patient samples compared to healthy controls. A significant increase in the levels of oxidized lipids and reduction in the levels of intact lipids were observed in mice subjected to IRI compared to shams. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis with liproxstatin-1 mitigated lung IRI and lung dysfunction. Importantly, LxA4treatment attenuated pulmonary dysfunction, ferroptosis and inflammation in WT mice subjected to lung IRI, but not inFpr2−/−orNrf2−/−mice, after IRI. In the murine LTx model, LxA4treatment increased PaO2levels and attenuated lung IRI. Mechanistically, LxA4-mediated protection involves increase in NRF2 activation and glutathione concentration as well as decrease in MDA levels in ATII cells.CONCLUSIONSLxA4/FPR2 signaling on ATII cells mitigates ferroptosis via NRF2 activation and protects against lung IRI.