bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing teachers' fire security knowledge, training effectiveness and attitudinal changes: a cross‐sectional study in Turkey
Authors: Yaman Sevda , Kiliç Mahmut , Turgutlu Kemal Ferit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge level of teachers about basic fire and extinguishing and the effectiveness of the fire training received. This is a cross‐sectional study. The research population comprises teachers employed in educational institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education (MNE) in Konya, Turkey, during the year 2021. The sample of this research consisted of 2649 participants who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research and answered all questions completely. Data were collected from the questionnaire forms prepared by the researchers by examining the literature in the electronic environment via Google Forms. Of the participants, 53.7% were women, 39.8% were between the ages of 35 and 44 and 93.0% were working as teachers. The fire safety knowledge score is higher for those who attended the fire training. While the fire knowledge score increased as the end‐of‐training attainment score increased in those receiving fire training, no significant relationship was found between the education environment and content score, the educator effectiveness score, the status of having a fire extinguishing task and having encountered a fire and this score. Teachers' fire safety knowledge score is higher and at a moderate level compared to the attitude score. Participating in fire education positively affects both knowledge and attitude toward fire.
News Bias in Financial Journalists’ Social Networks
Authors: XU GUOSONG 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTConnected financial journalists—those with working relationships, common school ties, or social media connections to company management—introduce a marked media slant into their news coverage. Using a comprehensive set of newspaper articles covering mergers and acquisition (M&A) transactions from 1997 to 2016, I find that connected journalists use significantly fewer negative words in their coverage of connected acquirers. These journalists are also more likely to quote connected executives and include less accurate language in their reporting. Moreover, they tend to portray other firms in the same network in a less negative light. Journalists’ favoritism bias has implications for both capital market outcomes and their careers. I find that acquirers whose M&As are covered by connected journalists receive significantly higher stock returns on the news article publication date. However, these acquirers’ stock prices reverse in the long term, suggesting market overreaction to news covered by connected journalists. Around M&A transactions, connected articles are correlated with increased bid competition and deal premiums. In terms of future career development, connected journalists are more likely to leave journalism and join their associated industries in the long run. Taken together, the evidence suggests that financial journalists’ personal networks promote news bias that potentially hinders the efficient dissemination of information.
The European Union's support of the implementation of the peace process in Colombia
Authors: Polack Alexandre 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Peace Agreement in Colombia signed on September 27, 2016 ended one of the deadliest armed conflicts in Latin America, which lasted for half a century. The agreement is an effective peacemaking and peacebuilding model because it tackles the conflict's root causes and the process is led by Colombians. The actors of the conflict perceived the international community and the European Union's support as extremely positive because it remained consistent, combined political and financial support, and supported Colombian‐led policies. The EU's support for the peace process is also an excellent example of a match between the Colombia's demands for support and the tailor‐made support offered by the EU. Moving forward, key challenges are for Colombian authorities to continue accelerating the agreement's implementation—instead of reinventing the wheel after each presidential election—and for the international community to continue providing consistent political and financial support while prioritizing empowerment of local actors.
Integrating counts from rigorous surveys and participatory science to better understand spatiotemporal variation in population processes
Authors: Zhao Qing , Latif Quresh S. , Nuse Bryan L. , Pavlacky David C. , Kilner Christopher L. , Ryder T. Brandt , Latimer Christopher E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Knowledge of variation in population processes (e.g. population growth) across broad spatiotemporal scales is fundamental to population ecology and critical for conservation decision‐making. Count data from rigorous surveys (e.g. surveys with probabilistic sampling design and distance sampling information) can inform population processes but are often limited in space and time. Participatory science data cover broader spatiotemporal extents but are prone to bias due to limited to no sampling design and lack of distance sampling information, hindering their capability of informing population processes.

Here, we developed an integrated dynamic N‐mixture model that jointly analyses rigorous survey and participatory science data to inform population growth at broad spatiotemporal extents. The model contains a flexible scaling parameter that allows fixed and random effects to account for biases and errors in participatory science data. We conducted simulations to evaluate the inference performance of this model across a broad range of spatial and temporal overlap between rigorous survey and participatory science data. We also conducted a case study of Baird's Sparrow (Centronyx bairdii), a species of conservation concern, to illustrate the application of the integrated model with rigorous survey data from the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions programme and participatory science North American Breeding Bird Survey and eBird data.

Simulations showed that the integrated model improved precision without biasing parameter estimates, in comparison with a model informed by rigorous survey data alone. The case study further demonstrated the utility of the integrated model for quantifying range‐wide, long‐term population processes and environmental drivers despite limited spatiotemporal extent of rigorous survey data. In particular, we found that population growth rate peaked under medium temperature, which were only apparent in the integrated model.

The integrated model developed in this study is useful for understanding wildlife population processes at broad spatiotemporal scales with count data. The flexible structure of this model, in particular the scaling parameter, makes it highly adaptable to a broad range of ecological systems and survey procedures. These properties make this modelling approach highly relevant for both population ecology and conservation practice.
Inter‐observer reproducibility of the 2021 AAGL Endometriosis Classification
Authors: Mak Jason Nicholas , Uzuner Cansu , Espada Mercedes , Eathorn Allie , Reid Shannon , Leonardi Mathew , Armour Mike , Condous George Stanley 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundInter‐observer agreement for the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) 2021 Endometriosis Classification staging system has not been described. Its predecessor staging system, the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM), has historically demonstrated poor inter‐observer agreement.AimsWe aimed to determine the inter‐observer agreement performance of the AAGL 2021 Endometriosis Classification staging system, and compare this with the rASRM staging system.Materials and MethodsA database of 317 patients with coded surgical data was retrospectively analysed. Three independent observers allocated AAGL surgical stages (1–4), twice. Observers made their own interpretation of how to apply the tool in the first staging allocation. Consensus rules were then developed for a second staging allocation.ResultsFirst staging allocation: odds ratio (OR) (and 95% CI) for observer 1 to score higher than observer 2 was 8.08 (5.12–12.76). Observer 1 to score higher than observer 3 was 12.98 (7.99–21.11) and observer 2 to score higher than observer 3 was 1.61 (1.03–2.51). This represents poor agreement. Second staging allocation (after consensus): OR for observer 1 to score higher than observer 2 was 1.14 (0.64–2.03), observer 1 to score higher than observer 3 was 1.81 (0.99–3.28) and observer 2 to score higher than observer 3 was 1.59 (0.87–2.89). This represents good agreement.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that in its current format the AAGL 2021 Endometriosis Classification staging system has poor inter‐observer agreement, not superior to the rASRM staging system. However, performance improved when additional measures were taken to simplify and clarify areas of ambiguity in interpreting the staging system.
Long‐term outcomes in surgically intervened empyema patients: a systematic review
Authors: Jolliffe Jarrod , Dunne Ben , Eckhaus Jazmin , Antippa Phillip 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPleural empyema is significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Debate in the literature exists regarding the best initial and definitive therapy, with recent research demonstrating superior short‐term outcomes with initial surgical intervention. Despite this, the impact of surgical intervention on long‐term outcomes has been incompletely described. A systematic review was undertaken to assess the current evidence evaluating the long‐term impact of surgical intervention.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken according to PRISMA guidelines utilizing three databases. Articles included all papers where patients received surgical intervention for empyema with outcomes evaluated beyond 90 days. Two reviewers extracted and reviewed the articles. Grey literature was included.ResultsEleven studies and two abstracts were extracted. One study and two abstracts evaluated the quality of life outcomes, two studies evaluated dyspnoea outcomes, seven studies evaluated long‐term lung function and two studies evaluated mortality and re‐admissions. 60–65% of patients had no dyspnoea between 2 and 7 years follow‐up. In six of seven studies, normal lung function was achieved in patients with chronic fibrothorax with FEV1% and FVC% improvements between 14–30% and 13–50%, respectively. The results from such biased cohorts could not be extrapolated to conclude that surgical intervention results in better outcomes than ICC drainage. Risk of bias was severe for all 11 studies.ConclusionSurgical intervention potentially improves post‐operative lung function, long‐term dyspnoea, and mortality. The impact this has on quality of life remains unknown. Future prospective trials with homogenous comparative groups are required to better define the role of surgery and its impact on long‐term outcomes.
The microbiome in pregnancy and early life—Highlights from the 11th Maria Delivoria‐Papadopoulos Perinatal Symposium
Authors: Malamitsi‐Puchner Ariadne , Briana Despina D. , Di Renzo Gian Carlo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review was based on a symposium that examined novel aspects of the microbiome during pregnancy and early life and explored papers published by the lecturers. For example, it showed that bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from the microbiome harboured in various maternal niches, carried bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid, were isolated from the placenta and may have confounded placental microbiome studies. Maternal diet was responsible for the composition and diversity of breast milk microbiota, and may have shaped the offspring's microbiome and influenced their immune components. Probiotics and antibiotics administered perinatally may have had beneficial but also long‐lasting adverse effects on offspring.
Deep learning for personalized health monitoring and prediction: A review
Authors: Damaševičius Robertas , Jagatheesaperumal Senthil Kumar , Kandala Rajesh N. V. P. S. , Hussain Sadiq , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Gorriz Juan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPersonalized health monitoring and prediction are indispensable in advancing healthcare delivery, particularly amidst the escalating prevalence of chronic illnesses and the aging population. Deep learning (DL) stands out as a promising avenue for crafting personalized health monitoring systems adept at forecasting health outcomes with precision and efficiency. As personal health data becomes increasingly accessible, DL‐based methodologies offer a compelling strategy for enhancing healthcare provision through accurate and timely prognostications of health conditions. This article offers a comprehensive examination of recent advancements in employing DL for personalized health monitoring and prediction. It summarizes a diverse range of DL architectures and their practical implementations across various realms, such as wearable technologies, electronic health records (EHRs), and data accumulated from social media platforms. Moreover, it elucidates the obstacles encountered and outlines future directions in leveraging DL for personalized health monitoring, thereby furnishing invaluable insights into the immense potential of DL in this domain.
Greenhouse gas fluxes of microbial‐induced calcite precipitation at varying urea‐to‐calcium concentrations
Authors: Comadran‐Casas Carla , Brüggemann Nicolas , Jorat M. Ehsan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicrobial‐induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is regarded as environmentally friendly, partly due to the storage of carbon as carbonates. Although CO2 emissions during MICP have been reported, quantification of its environmental impact regarding total greenhouse gas fluxes has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In particular, N2O fluxes could occur in addition to CO2 since MICP involves the microbially mediated nitrogen cycle. This study investigated the greenhouse gas fluxes during biostimulation of MICP in quartz sand in incubation experiments. Soil samples were treated with MICP cementation solution containing calcium concentrations of 0, 20, 100 and 200 mM at a fixed urea concentration of 100 mM to offer a range of carbonation potential and/or mitigation of CO2 emissions. Greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4 and N2O) measurements were determined by gas chromatography during incubations. Soil total inorganic carbon and the isotopic composition of precipitated and emitted CO2 were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. CO2 emissions (0.52 to 4.08 μg of CO2–C h−1 g−1 soil) resulted from MICP, while N2O and CH4 fluxes were not detected. Increasing Ca2+ with respect to urea resulted in lower CO2 emissions, lower solution pH, similar carbonate precipitation and urea hydrolysis inhibition. The highest urea‐to‐calcium ratio (1:0.2) emitted roughly two times the amount of CO2 (112 μg of CO2–C g−1 soil) compared to the 1:1 and 1:2 ratios (47 to 58 μg of CO2–C g−1 soil) and five to six times more than samples that did not receive Ca2+ (1:0) (~18 μg of CO2–C g−1 soil). Precipitated CaCO3–C was tenfold higher than cumulative emitted CO2–C, and isotopic analysis indicated both emitted and precipitated carbon were of urea origin. Both emitted and precipitated carbon accounted for a very low percentage of total carbon applied in the system (<0.35 and <4.5%, respectively), presumably due to limited urea hydrolysis which was negatively affected by increasing the Ca2+ concentration.
Implementation frameworks, strategies and outcomes in optimizing central venous access device practice in paediatrics: A scoping review
Authors: Comber Elouise R. , Keogh Samantha , Nguyen Linda N. , Byrnes Joshua , Ullman Amanda J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPaediatric patients with complex or acute conditions may require a central venous access device, however, almost one‐third of these devices have associated complications (e.g. infections). Implementation of evidence‐based practices regarding central venous access devices can reduce and potentially prevent complications.AimsThis scoping review aimed to explore recent interventional research in CVAD management through an implementation lens.DesignThis scoping review used the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Studies were included if they were written in English, published in 2012 to July 2023, involved children and were relevant to the study aims. Risk of bias was appraised by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Data SourcesSearches were undertaken in EMBASE, CINAHL (Ebsco), PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL).ResultsOf the 1769 studies identified in a systematic search, 46 studies were included. Studies mostly focused on health professionals and central venous access device maintenance and had quantitative pre‐post study designs. Adherence to implementation frameworks was lacking, with many studies employing quality improvement approaches. Implementation strategies were typically multipronged, using health‐professional education, bundles and working groups. Bundle compliance and reductions in central line‐associated bloodstream infections were the most featured outcomes, with most studies primarily focusing on effectiveness outcomes.ConclusionTranslation of evidence‐based practices to the clinical setting is difficult and current adoption of implementation frameworks (apart from ‘quality improvement’) is limited. Implementation strategies are diverse and dependent on the local context, and study outcomes typically focus on the effectiveness of the physical intervention, rather than measuring the implementation effort itself.Implications for PatientsFuture intervention research requires a more uniform and deliberate application of implementation frameworks and strategies.ImpactGreater exploration of relationships between frameworks and strategies and implementation and service outcomes is required to increase understanding of their role in maximizing resources to improve health care.Adhered to best reporting guidelines as per PRISMA‐ScR (Tricco et al., 2018).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Our Statues of Wrongdoers
Authors: Agule Craig K. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMany of those memorialized around us in statues are wrongdoers, and so we are often called to consider whether we should take down those statues. Some of those statutes are memorialized for reasons now taken to be wrong; others are memorialized not for but rather despite their wrongdoing. How should we consider those latter cases? One tempting analysis suggests that we need only consider whether the wrongdoing was sufficiently transgressive. In this article, however, I reject that constrained focus. Instead, these cases have as much to do with us, our priorities, and what those priorities should be as they have to do with the particulars of the lives of the subjects of the statues. Recognizing the central role that our priorities play in blame and condemnation better captures the contours of the debate about statue removal than any categorical rule about types of wrongs.
The association between paced left ventricular activation time and cardiac reverse remodeling in heart failure patients with left bundle branch block
Authors: Chen Xinmin , Xu Jiayi , Wu Yuqing , Qin Chaotong , Xue Siyuan , Hu Gengwei , Zou Jiangang , Shan Qijun , Zhou Xiujuan , Hou Xiaofeng ,   and other members of the Group of Department of Cardiology in First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe association between paced LVAT and cardiac structure and function at baseline, as well as whether longer LVAT is associated with worse cardiac reverse remodeling in patients with heart failure (HF) and left bundle branch block (LBBB) has not been well investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between paced LVAT and baseline echocardiographic parameters and cardiac reverse remodeling at follow‐up.MethodsPatients with HF and LBBB receiving successful left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) from June 2018 to April 2023 were enrolled and grouped based on paced LVAT. NT‐proBNP and echocardiographic parameters were recorded during routine follow‐up. The relationships between paced LVAT and echocardiographic parameters at baseline and follow‐up were analyzed.ResultsEighty‐three patients were enrolled (48 males, aged 65 ± 9.8, mean LVEF 32.1 ± 7.5%, mean LVEDD 63.0 ± 8.5 mm, median NT‐proBNP 1057[513–3158] pg/mL). The paced QRSd was significantly decreased (177 ± 17.9 vs. 134 ± 18.5, p < .001) and median paced LVAT was 80[72–88] ms. After a median follow‐up of 12[9–29] months, LVEF increased to 52.1 ± 11.2%, LVEDD decreased to 52.6 ± 8.8 mm, and NT‐proBNP decreased to 215[73–532]pg/mL. Patients were grouped based on paced LVAT: LVAT < 80 ms (n = 39); 80 ≤ LVAT < 90 ms (n = 24); LVAT ≥ 90 ms (n = 20). Patients with longer LVAT had larger LVEDD and lower LVEF (LVEDDbaseline: p < .001; LVEFbaseline: p = .001). The difference in LVEF6M was statistically significant among groups (p < .001) and patients with longer LVAT had lower LVEF6M, while the difference in LVEF1Y was not seen (p = .090). There was no significant correlation between ΔLVEF6M‐baseline, ΔLVEF1Y‐6M and LVAT respectively (ΔLVEF6M‐baseline: p = .261, r = −.126; ΔLVEF1Y‐6M: p = .085, r = .218).ConclusionLong paced LVAT was associated with worse echocardiographic parameters at baseline, but did not affect the cardiac reverse remodeling in patients with HF and LBBB. Those with longer LVAT required longer time to recover.
Identifying the protective effects of miR‐874‐3p/ATF3 axis in intervertebral disc degeneration by single‐cell RNA sequencing and validation
Authors: Wang Xuke , Wang Qingfeng , Li Guowang , Xu Haiwei , Liu Bangxin , Yuan Bing , Zhou Yingjie , Li Yongjin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) severely affects the work and the quality of life of people. We previously demonstrated that silencing activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3) blocked the IVDD pathological process by regulating nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) ferroptosis, apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. Nevertheless, whether miR‐874‐3p mediated the IVDD pathological process by targeting ATF3 remains unclear. We performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and bioinformatics analysis to identify ATF3 as a key ferroptosis gene in IVDD. Then, Western blotting, flow cytometry, ELISA, and animal experiments were performed to validate the roles and regulatory mechanisms of miR‐874‐3p/ATF3 signalling axis in IVDD. ATF3 was highly expressed in IVDD patients and multiple cell types of IVDD rat, as revealed by scRNA‐seq and bioinformatics analysis. GO analysis unveiled the involvement of ATF3 in regulating cell apoptosis and ECM metabolism. Furthermore, we verified that miR‐874‐3p might protect against IVDD by inhibiting NPC ferroptosis, apoptosis, ECM degradation, and inflammatory response by targeting ATF3. In vivo experiments displayed the protective effect of miR‐874‐3p/ATF3 axis on IVDD. These findings propose the potential of miR‐874‐3p and ATF3 as biomarkers of IVDD and suggest that targeting the miR‐874‐3p/ATF3 axis may be a therapeutic target for IVDD.