bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to parotid nodes: The role of bolus with adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Pramana Ariyanto , Browne Lois , Graham Peter H 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Information regarding the addition of tissue equivalent bolus to adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for intra‐parotid metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bolus versus no bolus on the patterns of regional and distant recurrence, regional control (RC), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), overall survival, RT toxicity and RT interruption.Methods: A retrospective study was performed on consecutive patients diagnosed between 1994 and 2008 with metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma who were treated with parotidectomy ± selective neck dissection and adjuvant RT ± parotid bolus.Results: Seventy‐five patients were identified: 64 males and 11 females, with median age of 79 years (range 40–96) of which 39 had bolus during RT. Median follow up was 48 months (range 4–177). There were 23 regional recurrences – 14 dermal, six dermal + nodal and three isolated nodal – and only two systemic recurrences. Nine patients had RT interruption >6 days due to acute skin toxicity. Bolus was associated with increased grade ≥3 radiation dermatitis (P = 0.02). RT interruption >6 days was significantly associated with inferior RC and hazard ratio, 2.83 (95% confidence interval: 1.04–7.71, P = 0.042). Lympho‐vascular space invasion, positive margins and nodes >2 cm were adversely significant on CSS multivariate analysis. RC, CSS and overall survival at 5 years were 67, 66 and 52%, respectively.Conclusions: Dermal involvement dominated the pattern of regional recurrence. Bolus was associated with significantly worse skin reaction. Bolus use was not associated with a significant overall benefit on RC. This analysis does not support the use of bolus as applied in this cohort.
Evaluation of carcinoma cervix using magnetic resonance imaging: Correlation with clinical FIGO staging and impact on management
Authors: Dhoot Nilu Malpani , Kumar Vinay , Shinagare Atul , Kataki Amal Chandra , Barmon Debabrata , Bhuyan Utpal 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim: To evaluate carcinoma of the cervix using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), correlate with clinical approach of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system and to study the impact of MRI findings on patient management.Method and Material: Pathologically confirmed, 75 cases of carcinoma cervix referred to our institute from April 2007 to March 2008 were prospectively studied. Clinical FIGO stage was assigned to each patient by gynaecologists blinded to MRI findings. MRI stage (based on FIGO and TNM) was allotted by radiologists blinded to clinicopathological details. For patients who were operated, histopathological stage was taken as gold standard. For patients who were not operated, gynaecologists decided on a gold standard stage based on all available clinical and imaging data. MR staging was correlated with FIGO staging, with focus on significant alterations in treatment strategy caused due to MRI findings.Results: MRI staging had an accuracy of 89.3% (67/75), while clinical FIGO staging had 61.3% (46/75) accuracy. MRI staging and FIGO staging concurred in 65.6% of the patients and differed in 34.4% of the patients. In about 30.6% (23/75) of the patients, there were relevant additional MRI findings not suspected clinically. The common significant MRI findings were detection of pelvic lymphadenopathy and clinically unsuspected bowel/bladder invasion. The management protocol was significantly altered in 86.9% (20/23) of the patients with additional MRI findings constituting 26.6% (20/75) of the total population.Conclusion: MRI is highly accurate in evaluating carcinoma of the cervix. MRI findings significantly altered therapeutic decisions in 26.6% of the patients. MRI should be considered prior to treatment planning in every patient.
Pictorial review: Vascular anomalies of the head and neck
Authors: Warren Timothy A , Gandhi Mitesh , Panizza Benedict 
Published: February 2012

SummaryVascular anomalies encompass a broad spectrum of tumours and malformations as classified by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Despite being one of the most common congenital abnormalities, they are often misunderstood in clinical practice: use of the term ‘haemangioma’ to denote any vascular anomaly still occurs. They are found frequently in the head and neck, often as complex lesions that require multidisciplinary management which necessitates an accurate diagnosis. Precise radiological assessment is therefore crucial. This pictorial review will briefly discuss the current classification system of vascular anomalies and the optimal radiological tools for their evaluation.
A framework for predicting species extinction by linking population dynamics with habitat loss
Authors: Tanentzap Andrew J. , Walker Susan , Theo Stephens R. T. , Lee William G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractConservation policy requires reliable estimates of extinction rates that consider the interactions between population size (N) and habitat area. Current approaches to estimating extinction from the endemics–area relationship (EAR) estimate only the minimum number of species that can become extinct because of habitat loss (instantaneous extinction). EARs will therefore underestimate extinction if small populations and/or habitat area (SPHA) commit species to future extinction. We demonstrate this mathematically, by assuming species require a minimum population size of two individuals, and by randomly sampling habitat loss within stem‐mapped forest plots. We then develop a general framework for incorporating SPHA effects into EARs that builds upon recent advances introducing N into estimates of extinction. By accounting for effects that modify N, our framework explains extinction debt and reduces the uncertainty associated with future estimates of extinction through carefully qualifying the spatial and temporal context of predictions.
Identification of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Genes That Are Induced
In Vivo
during Infection in Chickens
Authors: Tuntufye Huruma Nelwike , Lebeer Sarah , Gwakisa Paul Simon , Goddeeris Bruno Maria 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

Avian pathogenic
Escherichia coli
(APEC) is associated with extraintestinal infections in poultry causing a variety of diseases collectively known as colibacillosis. The host and bacterial factors influencing and/or responsible for carriage and systemic translocation of APEC inside the host are poorly understood. Identification of such factors could help in the understanding of its pathogenesis and in the subsequent development of control strategies. Recombination-based
in vivo
expression technology (RIVET) was used to identify APEC genes specifically expressed during infection in chickens. A total of 21 clones with
in vivo
-induced promoters were isolated from chicken livers and spleens, indicative of systemic infection. DNA sequencing of the cloned fragments revealed that 12 of the genes were conserved
E. coli
genes (
metH
,
lysA
,
pntA
,
purL
,
serS
,
ybjE
,
ycdK
[
rutC
],
wcaJ
,
gspL
,
sdsR
,
ylbE
, and
yjiY
), 6 of the genes were phage related/associated, and 3 genes were pathogen specific (
tkt1
,
irp2
, and
eitD
). These genes are involved in various cellular functions, such as metabolism, cell envelope and integrity, transport systems, and virulence. Others were phage related or have yet-unknown functions.
The impact of increased age on outcome from a strategy of early invasive management and revascularisation in patients with acute coronary syndromes: retrospective analysis study from the ACACIA registry
Authors: Malkin Christopher J , Prakash Roshan , Chew Derek P 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of increased age on outcome from a strategy of early invasive management and revascularisation in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).DesignRetrospective analysis of a national Acute Coronary Syndrome registry (ACACIA).SettingMultiple Australian (n=39) centres; 25% rural, 52% with onsite cardiac surgery.PatientsUnselected consecutive patients admitted with confirmed ACS, total n=2559, median 99 per centre.InterventionsManagement was at the discretion of the treating physician. Analysis of outcome based on age >75 years was compared using Cox proportional hazard with a propensity model to adjust for baseline covariates.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were bleeding and a composite of any vascular event or unplanned readmission.ResultsElderly patients were more likely to present with high-risk features yet were less likely to receive evidence-based medical therapies or receive diagnostic coronary angiography (75% vs 49%, p<0.0001) and early revascularisation (50% vs 30%, p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis found early revascularisation in the elderly cohort to be associated with lower 12-month mortality hazard (0.4 (0.2–0.7)) and composite outcome (0.6 (0.5–0.8)). Propensity model suggested a greater absolute benefit in elderly patients compared to others.ConclusionsFollowing presentation with ACS, elderly patients are less likely to receive evidence-based medical therapies, to be considered for an early invasive strategy and be revascularised. Increasing age is a significant barrier to physicians when considering early revascularisation. An early invasive strategy with revascularisation when performed was associated with substantial benefit and the absolute accrued benefit appears to be higher in elderly patients.
CONNECTING PERIOD-DOUBLING CASCADES TO CHAOS
Authors: SANDER EVELYN , YORKE JAMES A. 
Published: February 2012

The appearance of infinitely-many period-doubling cascades is one of the most prominent features observed in the study of maps depending on a parameter. They are associated with chaotic behavior, since bifurcation diagrams of a map with a parameter often reveal a complicated intermingling of period-doubling cascades and chaos.Period doubling can be studied at three levels of complexity. The first is an individual period-doubling bifurcation. The second is an infinite collection of period doublings that are connected together by periodic orbits in a pattern called a cascade. It was first described by Myrberg and later in more detail by Feigenbaum. The third involves infinitely many cascades and a parameter value μ2of the map at which there is chaos. We show that often virtually all (i.e. all but finitely many) "regular" periodic orbits at μ2are each connected to exactly one cascade by a path of regular periodic orbits; and virtually all cascades are either paired — connected to exactly one other cascade, or solitary — connected to exactly one regular periodic orbit at μ2. The solitary cascades are robust to large perturbations. Hence the investigation of infinitely many cascades is essentially reduced to studying the regular periodic orbits of F(μ2, ⋅). Examples discussed include the forced-damped pendulum and the double-well Duffing equation.
ALTERATION OF THE END-PLANE ANGLE IN PRESS-FIT CYLINDRICAL STEM RADIAL HEAD PROSTHESIS: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Luenam Suriya , Chalongviriyalert Piti , Kosiyatrakul Arkaphat , Thanawattano Chusak 
Published: February 2012

Purpose: Many studies comparing the morphology of native radial head with the prosthesis have been published. However, there is limited information regarding the postoperative alignment of the articular surface following the radial head replacement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the alteration of the end-plane angle in the modular radial head prosthesis with a press-fit cementless cylindrical stem. Methods: The study used 36 cadaveric radii. The press-fit size prosthesis with cylindrical stem was inserted into each specimen. The end-plane angles of the radial head before and after prosthetic replacement, were measured in coronal and sagittal planes with a digital inclinometer. The data were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: From paired t-test, there were statistically symmetrical end-plane angles before and after radial head replacement in both coronal and sagittal planes (p-value < 0.01). The mean of radial head end-plane angle alteration in the coronal plane was 3.62° (SD, 2.76°) (range, 0.3°–8.9°). In the sagittal plane, the mean of alteration was 5.85° (SD, 3.56°) degrees (range, 0.3° – 14.2°). Conclusion: The modular radial head prosthesis with cylindrical stem is in vitro able to restore the native end-plane angles of radial heads statistically when used in a press-fit fashion.
EXTENSOR TENDON RUPTURE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A SURVEY OF PATIENTS BETWEEN 2005 AND 2010 AT FIVE KOREAN HOSPITALS
Authors: Gong Hyun Sik , Lee Joon Oh , Baek Goo Hyun , Kim Byung Sung , Kim Jin Young , Lee Jae Seong , Song Choel Ho 
Published: February 2012

Background. Recent medical advancements in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can prevent joint damage and tendon involvement. The authors evaluated patterns of extensor tendon ruptures in RA patients that presented to hand surgeons over a recent five-year period.Methods. Medical records and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed, and telephone interviews were conducted with 38 patients that had experienced extensor tendon ruptures in a rheumatoid hand during the study period and were operated on at one of five tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea. Patterns of tendon ruptures were compared in patients that did or did not receive medical treatment.Results. Twenty-nine of the 38 patients (76%) had tendon ruptures in more than two digits. When multiple digits were involved, mean duration between first and latest rupture was 2.9 months. When patients treated with medications by rheumatologists (24 patients) were compared with those not treated (14 patients), no significant differences were found for; number of ruptured tendons, time from first to last rupture, disease duration, or radiographic RA severity.Conclusions. RA patients who once experienced a tendon rupture are still at risk of sequential tendon ruptures despite recent advancement of medical treatment. Education of the risks of sequential tendon ruptures and timely consultation to hand surgeons continue to be necessary in RA patients.
HÜCKEL TREATMENT OF PYRROLE AND PENTALENE AS A FUNCTION OF CYCLOPENTADIENYL USING LOCAL QUANTUM SIMILARITY INDEX (LQSI) AND THE TOPO-GEOMETRICAL SUPERPOSITION APPROACH (TGSA)
Authors: MORALES-BAYUELO ALEJANDRO , TORRES JUAN , VIVAS-REYES RICARDO 
Published: February 2012

In this paper some of the characteristic of Hückel method, were exploited in order to obtain some important results, through a new technique with which it is possible to obtain non-degenerate characteristic values as in the case of pyrrole and allowing the expression of conjugated ring systems (Pentalene) as function of a system of diene monomer (Cyclopentadienyl). The local similarity index based on the Hirshfeld partitioning in the framework of conceptual Density Functional Theory (DFT), was introduced in the secular determinant of the Hückel method and was applied to Pyrrole molecule in order to express their orbital energies as a function of the orbital energy of Cyclopentadienyl, to express the energies of molecular orbitals of the Cyclopentadienyl as a function of Pentalene, resolved by the Hückel method and applied to Cyclopentadienyl, by means of six local similarity index: Overlap, Overlap-Interaction, Coulomb, Coulomb-Interaction, with their respective Euclidean distances, using the Topo-Geometrical Superposition Approach (TGSA) as a method of alignment, which allowed us to obtain good results in local similarity indices.This technique will permit the study of some molecular systems that differ in one atom in its molecular structure, resolving the Hückel method for the Pyrrole and Thiophene system without taking into account the considerations with its neighboring atoms. This proposed technique reduces the symmetry of fused ring systems which are Cyclopentadienyl derivatives, allowing to express the orbital energy of a diene dimmer (Pentalene) as a function of diene monomer systems, creating a tool of calculation to solve the problem of obtaining non-degenerate values in systems where the approximations in the Hückel method approximation provide degenerate values and providing a symmetry reduction technique.
Tumor Cell–Derived Angiopoietin-like Protein ANGPTL2 Is a Critical Driver of Metastasis
Authors: Endo Motoyoshi , Nakano Masahiro , Kadomatsu Tsuyoshi , Fukuhara Shigetomo , Kuroda Hiroaki , Mikami Shuji , Hato Tai , Aoi Jun , Horiguchi Haruki , Miyata Keishi , Odagiri Haruki , Masuda Tetsuro , Harada Masahiko , Horio Hirotoshi , Hishima Tsunekazu , Nomori Hiroaki , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yutaka , Minami Takashi , Okada Seiji , Takahashi Takashi , Mochizuki Naoki , Iwase Hirotaka , Oike Yuichi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Strategies to inhibit metastasis have been mainly unsuccessful in part due to insufficient mechanistic understanding. Here, we report evidence of critical role for the angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) in metastatic progression. In mice, Angptl2 has been implicated in inflammatory carcinogenesis but it has not been studied in human tumors. In patients with lung cancer, elevated levels of ANGPTL2 expression in tumor cells within the primary tumor were associated with a reduction in the period of disease-free survival after surgical resection. Transcription factors NFATc, ATF2, and c-Jun upregulated in aggressive tumor cells promoted increased Angptl2 expression. Most notably, tumor cell–derived ANGPTL2 increased in vitro motility and invasion in an autocrine/paracrine manner, conferring an aggressive metastatic tumor phenotype. In xenograft mouse models, tumor cell–derived ANGPTL2 accelerated metastasis and shortened survival whereas attenuating ANGPTL2 expression in tumor cells–blunted metastasis and extended survival. Overall, our findings showed that tumor cell–derived ANGPTL2 drives metastasis and provided an initial proof of concept for blockade of its action as a strategy to antagonize the metastatic process. Cancer Res; 72(7); 1784–94. ©2012 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications of Microbiome Alteration in Esophagitis and Barrett Esophagus
Authors: Yang Liying , Francois Fritz , Pei Zhiheng 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is preceded by the development of reflux-related intestinal metaplasia or Barrett esophagus, which is a response to inflammation of the esophageal squamous mucosa, reflux esophagitis. Gastroesophageal reflux impairs the mucosal barrier in the distal esophagus, allowing chronic exposure of the squamous epithelium to the diverse microbial ecosystem or microbiome and inducing chronic inflammation. The esophageal microbiome is altered in both esophagitis and Barrett esophagus, characterized by a significant decrease in gram-positive bacteria and an increase in gram-negative bacteria in esophagitis and Barrett esophagus. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a major structure of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria, can upregulate gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines via activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 and NF-κB pathway. The potential impact of LPS on reflux esophagitis may be through relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter via inducible nitric oxide synthase and by delaying gastric emptying via cyclooxygenase-2. Chronic inflammation may play a critical role in the progression from benign to malignant esophageal disease. Therefore, analysis of the pathways leading to chronic inflammation in the esophagus may help to identify biomarkers in patients with Barrett esophagus for neoplastic progression and provide insight into molecular events suitable for therapeutic intervention in prevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma development in patients with reflux esophagitis and Barrett esophagus. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2138–44. ©2012 AACR.
Parental Smoking in Childhood and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Young Adults
Authors: Juonala Markus , Magnussen Costan G. , Venn Alison , Gall Seana , Kähönen Mika , Laitinen Tomi , Taittonen Leena , Lehtimäki Terho , Jokinen Eero , Sun Cong , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Dwyer Terence , Raitakari Olli T. 
Published: February 2012

Objective—
Passive smoking has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. The present study aimed to examine the long-term effects of childhood exposure to tobacco smoke on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in adults.

Methods and Results—

The analyses were based on 2171 participants in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns (N=2067) and Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (N=104) studies who had measures of conventional risk factors (lipids, blood pressure, adiposity, socioeconomic status) and self-reported parental smoking status when aged 3 to 18 years at baseline. They were re-examined 19 to 27 years later when aged 28 to 45 years. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation was measured at follow-up with ultrasound. In analyses adjusting for age, sex, and childhood risk factors, flow-mediated dilatation was reduced among participants who had parents that smoked in youth compared to those whose parents did not smoke (Young Finns: 9.2±0.1% (mean±SEM) versus 8.6±0.1%,
P
=0.001; Childhood Determinants of Adult Health: 7.4±0.6% versus 4.9±0.9%,
P
=0.04). These effects remained after adjustment for adult risk factors including own smoking status (Young Finns,
P
=0.003; Childhood Determinants of Adult Health,
P
=0.03).

Conclusion—
Parental smoking in youth is associated with reduced flow-mediated dilatation in young adulthood measured over 20 years later. These findings suggest that passive exposure to cigarette smoke among children might cause irreversible impairment in endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
Interleukin-1 Assembles a Proangiogenic Signaling Module Consisting of Caveolin-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Factor 6, p38–Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase 2 in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Jagielska Joanna , Kapopara Piyushkumar R. , Salguero Gustavo , Scherr Michaela , Schütt Harald , Grote Karsten , Schieffer Bernhard , Bavendiek Udo 
Published: February 2012

Objective—
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a major cytokine linking inflammation and angiogenesis in pathological vascular processes, such as atherosclerosis and tumor neoangiogenesis. However, signaling pathways mediating IL-1β-induced proangiogenic processes in endothelial cells (ECs) have barely been elucidated yet. Therefore, the present study investigated IL-1β-induced proangiogenic signaling in ECs.

Methods and Results—
IL-1β potently induced tube formation and migration of ECs. This was associated with and dependent on activation of p38–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) as determined by pharmacological inhibition and gene silencing. Furthermore, silencing of the adaptor protein tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6) (lentiviral short hairpin RNA) inhibited these IL-1β-induced processes. Moreover, IL-1β promoted translocation of TRAF6 to insoluble cellular fractions (containing membrane rafts/caveolae) and interaction of TRAF6 with caveolin-1. Accordingly, cellular cholesterol depletion (cyclodextrin) and silencing of caveolin-1 (small interfering RNA) inhibited IL-1β-induced activation of p38-MAPK and MK2, as well as IL-1β-induced tube formation and migration. Finally, silencing of TRAF6 and MK2 deficiency inhibited IL-1β-induced microvessel outgrowth in murine aortic rings ex vivo, and deficiency of MK2 or caveolin-1 significantly reduced IL-1β-induced angiogenesis in mice in vivo (Matrigel plug assay).

Conclusion—
IL-1β assembles a proangiogenic signaling module consisting of caveolin-1, TRAF6, p38-MAPK, and MK2 in ECs, representing a potential target to intervene into angiogenesis-dependent processes and diseases.