bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program in preventing traumatic injuries: a Ten-year analysis
Authors: Banfield J M , Gomez M , Kiss A , Redelmeier D A , Brenneman F 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program is a 1-day injury awareness and prevention program for youth ages 15 and older, with the goal to educate adolescents to recognise their injury risks and make informed choices to reduce them. This study assessed the effectiveness of the P.A.R.T.Y. program in preventing traumatic injuries during a 10 year period.MethodsP.A.R.T.Y. participants (study) were matched with a group of subjects having the same age, gender, residential area and initial year in database, who did not attend the P.A.R.T.Y. program (control). Data from two different sources were searched to determine the incidence of traumatic injuries in both groups. Statistical comparisons were made for both groups, gender, calendar year and before and after the two, and graduating driver licensing system was implemented, using the, conditional logistic regression analysis with a p<0.05 considered significant.ResultsOf 3905 P.A.R.T.Y. participants, 1281 were successfully randomly matched on the above 4 variables with 1281 controls. The most frequent injury was homicide or injury by other 381/2562 (14.9%). There were fewer traumatic injuries in the study group than in the control group (43.3% vs 47.4%, p=0.02, OR=1.22, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.45). This difference was stronger in females (44.4% vs 49.0%, p=0.04), and before the graduated licensing system was implemented (60.1% vs 67.2%, p=0.04).ConclusionsThe P.A.R.T.Y. program effectively reduced the incidence of traumatic injuries among its participants. This effectiveness was stronger among females, and before the driver licensing system was implemented in the province.
A controlled evaluation of the WHO safe communities model approach to injury prevention: increasing child restraint use in motor vehicles
Authors: Istre G R , Stowe M , McCoy M A , Moore B J , Culica D , Womack K N , Anderson R J 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveWe sought to measure the effectiveness of the WHO Safe Communities Model approach to increase child restraint use in motor vehicles. The effort involved schools, day care centres, neighbourhoods and a local public clinic, with child safety seat classes and a low-cost distribution program.MethodsPre (2003)- and post (2005)-intervention observations of restraint use in motor vehicles in the target area and a comparison community, among children 0–8 years of age, compliant with state law, and adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, site, type of vehicle, location, number of children in the vehicle, in a multivariable, multi-level analysis.ResultsChild restraint use in the target area increased among all ages and at all sites (day care centres, grocery stores, schools); the adjusted child restraint use increased by 27.3% points (vs 10.9 in comparison area) and driver seat belt use increased by 15% points (vs 5.2 in comparison area). Multivariable, multi-level analysis showed that the increase in the target area was significantly greater than the comparison area for child restraint use (OR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.6 to 3.0), as well as for driver seat belt use, children riding in the back seat and use of child safety seats.ConclusionsThe Safe Communities approach was successful in promoting the use of child restraints in motor vehicles through a multi-faceted intervention that included efforts in various community settings, instructional classes and child safety seat distribution.
Peer youth physical violence among secondary schools students in south west Nigeria
Authors: Owoaje E T , Ndubusi N M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundYouth violence has been associated with adverse health behaviours and health outcomes in developed countries. However, there is limited information on the prevalence and factors associated with violence among adolescents in schools in Africa.MethodsA cross sectional survey of 516 adolescents aged 13–15 years in six public secondary schools, in Ogun State located in south west Nigeria, was conducted using the Global School Health Survey instrument. The prevalence of self-reported fights and bullying in the prior 12 months and their association with selected adverse health behaviours and outcomes were assessed.FindingsThe reported exposure to physical fights and bullying was 47.9%. More males (54.9%) had been involved in physical fights compared to the females (39.4%), p=0.00. On multivariate logistic regression being male (OR: 1.56; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.28), having a history of a recent history of injury (OR: 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.64), being a gang member (OR:2.41; 95% CI 1.06 to 5.48) and having been bullied (OR:1.78; 95% CI 1.22 to 2.61) were associated with a history of physical fights. Exposure to bullying was also commoner among the males (52.1%) than the females (42.5%), p=0.03. History of recent injury (OR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.42 to 3.02), alcohol intake (OR: 2.09; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.36) and prolonged feelings of loneliness (OR: 1.68; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.21) were associated with bullying on multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionPhysical fights and bullying are common among these adolescents and are associated with adverse health outcomes and behaviours. Intervention programmes aimed at reducing youth violence should be designed and implemented.
A randomised, controlled trial of home injury hazard reduction: The HOME injury study
Authors: Phelan K J , Khoury J , Xu Y , Liddy S , Hornung R , Lanphear B P 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe home is a leading location of injury for young children.ObjectiveTest the efficacy of home safety device installation on medically-attended injury.MethodsOf 8878 screened prenatal patients, 1263 (14%) were eligible and 468 (37%) agreed to participate. 355 children were born and randomly assigned to experimental (n=181) or control (n=174) groups. The mean number and density (no. per area) of hazards were assessed at home visits by trained research assistants using a validated survey. Medically-attended visits were measured by telephone survey. Two intention-to-treat analyses were conducted on (1) total injury rates and (2) on injuries deemed, a priori, preventable by installation of devices. Rates were calculated over 24 months using Poisson regression and generalised estimating equations.ResultsThe mean age of children at intervention was 6 months. Injury hazards were significantly reduced from baseline to 12 months in intervention but not control homes (p<0.005). The mean number (p<0.02) but not density (p=0.44) of hazards was also reduced at 24 months compared to controls. There was no significant difference in the rate of all medically-attended injuries for intervention compared to control group children, 14.3 (95% CI 9.7 to 21.1) versus 20.8 (95% CI 14.4 to 29.9) per 100 child-years (p=0.17) respectively; but there was a significant reduction in preventable medically attended injuries among intervention compared to control group children, 2.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 5.5) versus 7.7 (95% CI 4.2 to 14.2) per 100 child-years, respectively (p=0.026).ConclusionsAn intervention to reduce exposure to injury hazards in homes of young children led to a 70% reduction in injury.
Decision analytic models to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of strategies for preventing fire-related injuries in children
Authors: Dhiman P , Goncalves P S , Cooper N , Sutton A , Kendrick D 
Published: March 2011

AimTo develop decision analytic models to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of strategies for preventing fire-related injuries in children, for use in Children's Centres in the UK.MethodsDecision models will be developed to characterise the impact of different interventions to prevent fire related injuries (eg, possession of functional smoke alarms, fire guards and fire extinguishers) in terms of costs and quality of life. These models will be populated using relevant data obtained from a variety of sources including: (i) effectiveness of the different interventions in preventing fire related injury obtained from systematic review of existing experimental and observational studies, (ii) costs obtained from existing economic evaluations and other published data and (iii) effectiveness of a range of interventions on the use (and functioning) of equipment from existing trials and systematic reviews This decision analysis will identify the most cost effective strategies to increase the prevalence of functioning equipment and prevent fire related injuries. All model parameters will be estimated with uncertainty and correlation between parameters will be accounted for within a comprehensive modelling framework using Bayesian methods.Results and ConclusionsThe decision analysis models for fire prevention interventions will be used to develop injury guidance for Children's Centres (injury prevention briefing, (IPB)). The implementation of the IPB will be tested using a cluster randomised control trial.
Epidemiology and prevention of hand amputations in Greece: data from the Emergency Department injury surveillance system
Authors: Panagopoulou P , Iakovakis I , Mentis A F A , Dessypris N , Petridou E 
Published: March 2011

Hand amputations constitute a major cause of disability and public health concern with significant socio-economic dimensions.AimTo investigate hand amputation epidemiology, identify risk groups and estimate the potential for prevention.MethodsEDISS in Greece, comprising four hospitals across the country, captures patient and injury information (demographics, accident conditions, injury description, outcome). During 1996–2004, among ∼0.5 million cases recorded, 86 211 were hand injuries resulting in 964 amputations (1.1%). To identify preventable amputation causes detailed injury descriptions regarding injury mechanism were examined.ResultsAmong hand amputations 937 involved fingers, 23 palms and 4 wrists. The estimated (extrapolated) number of amputations was 3940 and the calculated overall incidence rate (IR) 3.62 per 10 000 person-years. The highest IR (8.02) was recorded among males 15–64 years old. The three most common mechanisms involved: tools in 445 (57.8%), doors in 172 (22.3%) and materials in 50 (6.5%) cases; of note, 148 victims were woodworkers (15.3%). The least common causes were animals, jewellery and fireworks (10, 7 and 6 cases respectively). Analysis of the accident conditions revealed the most common causes: lack of preventive measures/appropriate training and work overload. Most amputations due to doors were attributed to non-use of door handle while closing the door or could have been prevented by a chocking door closing mechanism.ConclusionsAmputations of the hand constitute a small but non-negligible percentage of all hand injuries. The main risk group is young males and woodwork professionals, whereas doors pose a significant risk. Raising awareness and implementing simple measures could reduce the burden of this disabilitating injury.
The role of pupils liaisons on traffic penalties and road traffic injuries in Iran
Authors: Ainy E , Soori H , Montazeri A , Omidvari S , Jahangiree A R Colonel , Shiran G R 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe role of pupils liaisons education on social discipline promotion and road traffic injury prevention was the main objective of this study.MethodsIt was a before-after interventional study on 2800 pupils randomly selected from six different districts of Tehran. Data was collected by a questionnaire for children's performances and other demographic information. Validity and reliability of questionnaire was determined by content validity and test re test.ResultsSubjects were 2800 pupils 8–15 years (Mean and median of ages: 11 years). Overall, 47.7% of pupils were boys and others girls. In general, 85.9% of parents had positive reaction to point out of their filial, 11% with no reaction and only 3% were protested to filial pointing out. lack of seat belt use 39.1%, speaking with mobile and driving 31.8% and speeding 29.8% as major offences. Recorded offences by traffic police before the intervention was 2789 cases (SD = 2.6). A significant differences with 17.9 percent reduction in offences were observed after intervention (2290 cases, SD = 2.6, p < 0.001). In 9 part of education which was focused by pupils liaisons there was a range of (9.9–55.6%) with significant reduction (p < 0.001) except of sleepy or fatigue and mobile speaking during driving. The most offences reduction were eating and drinking during driving (92.7%).ConclusionPupils' liaison program was effective on reduction of driving offences. The most causes of offences were eating or drinking during driving. All affairs which were educated by pupils liaisons were effective on offences reduction except mobile speaking and driving.
Using the fatal injury surveillance system and surveys to monitor motorcyclist deaths and helmet use in Cali (Colombia), 1996–2009
Authors: Espitia-Hardeman V , Rios J F , Lopez J , Gutierrez-Martinez M I 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionIn Cali, motorcycles are an important means of transportation and an increasing cause of injuries. The purpose was to examine deaths among motorcyclists over the period 1993 to 2009 and the possible role that various prevention measures may have had on these types of deaths.MethodMotorcyclist deaths registered in a fatal injury surveillance system over the period 1993–2009 were analysed along with information on helmet use from annual surveys on helmet use, and other interventions (helmet laws, safety vest, etc.).ResultsMotorcyclist death rates increased from 18.0 per 10 000 registered motorcycles in 1993 to 26.7 in 1995. In 1996 a helmet law was launched, and the rate in that year decreased to 20.9. The rates have decreased in each year since the passage of the helmet law, with the lowest rate reported in 2006 (9.7). Besides the helmet law, other prevention strategies were also applied, possibly contributing to the reduction in motorcyclist fatalities. In the most recent survey on helmet use in Cali (2002), approximately 80% of motorcyclists reported using a helmet. In the last 4 years, however, the death rates have increased from 9.7 in 2006 to 16.5 in 2009.ConclusionsIn Cali, the helmet law and other enforcement measures have contributed to reduce motorcyclist deaths. Although most of the motorcyclists are helmeted in Cali, the increasing trend of deaths in recent years indicates the need to explore other factors that may be influencing mortality (eg, drunk driving).
The political culture of road traffic crash control
Authors: Ma S , Hyder A , Bishai D 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesThis study develops an assessment tool to measure how ready a country is to adopt road safety measures.BackgroundStrong states can centrally implement broad reforms, but can inhibit agenda setting by civil society. Weak states allow a variety of actors to set the agenda, but seldom exhibit coherence in addressing public health problems. The interplay between state and society is determinative of the effective enactment of safety measures.MethodsA consortium led by a multinational agency has begun a 5 year project to improve road safety in China, India, Kenya, Turkey, Egypt, Mexico, Russia, Vietnam and Cambodia. This study examines each country's recent history of public health activism for road safety in both civil and government sectors. Consortium members will be holding stakeholders meetings from February to May 2010 and key informant interviews will be conducted. A road safety readiness index will be calculated prospectively for each country and later follow back studies can examine how the success of the initiative was related to political culture.ResultsPreliminary work on the index has identified the key following factors: (a) constitutional degree of centralisation of state power; (b) degree of engagement in road safety by the political elites; (c) media coverage of road safety issues; (d) Existence of local champions.SignificanceRoad safety is characterised by profound mismatch between high disease burden and low levels of social engagement compared to other public health research. New insights from political science can help inform current interventions to close the gap.
Responding to Young People who Self Harm
Authors: Morris R 
Published: March 2011

Deliberate Self Harm in Children and Young People may promote anxiety in families and professionals. My presentation describes how the confidence and competence of a Team can reduce such anxiety and improve outcome for those Young People who choose self-harming behaviour as a way of coping with life stressors. I will share information about:▶local prevalence rates of Young People who attend Accident and Emergency Department▶how to develop a focussed team response▶assessing and managing risk-an Aide Memoir for practitioners▶the strength of robust Clinical Supervision and Audit
Prevent Alcohol and Risk Related Trauma in Youth program
Authors: Banfield J M 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionThe Prevent Alcohol and Risk Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program is a 1-day injury awareness and prevention program for youth ages 15 and older, developed in 1986 at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Canada.MethodsStudents follow the course of injury from occurrence, through transport, treatment, rehabilitation and community re-integration phases. They interact with a team of health professionals that includes a paramedic, a police officer, nurses, a physician and social workers. They are given information about: basic anatomy, physiology and the mechanics of injury; the effect of alcohol/drugs on decision making, judgement, concentration and co-ordination; the nature of injuries that can be repaired, and those that cannot; the effect of injury on families, finances and future plans. The team includes persons who have been injured, some still in acute care, others in rehabilitation and some who have returned home. They provide a personal perspective on the challenge of dealing with injury and putting ones life back on track. The program concludes with a challenge to the participants to become individually and collectively committed to promoting behaviours and activities that minimise the risk of injury.ResultsSince 1986 the P.A.R.T.Y. Program has expanded to well over 100 sites and six countries with more to come.ConclusionsThis program is a vital component of the growing community effort to reduce death and injury in alcohol and risk-related crashes and other incidents.
Road fatalities in Kandy, Sri Lanka: 2000 to 2008
Authors: Dharmaratne S D , Gamage O , Gaspe G M N S , Weeratunge N C , Kumarapeli V 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the road fatalities occurring in the Kandy Municipality area (KMA) during 2000 to 2008 and reported to Kandy police.MethodologyAll randomised controlled trials (RTCs) occurring in the KMA during 2000–2008 in which at least one road user was killed and reported to the Kandy police were included in the study. Traffic police data was used. Data was retrieved manually and was entered into an Excel data base and was analysed using SPSS statistical software.ResultsA total of 140 fatal RTCs were reported during the study period in which 147 road users (97 (66%) were pedestrians) lost their lives. 31 crashes (22.1%) was reported between 6.00 pm and 8.59 pm while 83 crashes (59.2%) were reported during the day time (6.00 am to 5.59 pm). Majority killed were females (68%) and their age ranged from 3 years to 87 years with a mean age of 42 years (SD=22.2 years). The mean age of the males was 43.1 years (SD=23.9 years) which ranged between 4 years and 80 years. Five children (three females and two males) died from these crashes. The bus (40%) was the commonest vehicle responsible for these fatal crashes, while the car and the van (16.4% each) came second.Discussion and ConclusionsThis analysis highlights the risks faced by the pedestrians in the KMA. To prevent and control road fatalities in KMA, pedestrians must be made safe.
Fatal carbon monoxide poisoning: an outdoor occupational accident case
Authors: Djafari G , Rosenthal I , Ingemann-Hansen O 
Published: March 2011

Fatal carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning by suicide or accident is well known. Most cases are due to smoke from burning buildings, town gas and car exhaust gas all in closed areas. Another suicide method identified at internet sites are mixing of sulphuric acid and formic acid resulting in CO formation. The literature has described three such cases where the victims were found in sealed rooms with deadly CO concentrations. The case victim was a healthy 41-year-old male employed at a haulage company. He was ordered to remove 6 m3 80% sulphuric acid containing acetic acid from a factory. When he began to suck up the liquid from different pallet tanks standing outside temperature and pressure arose in his vacuum tanker, and he started to pour the liquid back. He was afterwards seen lying on top of the tanker next to the lid. It later emerged that the liquid collected contained formic acid as well. The autopsy revealed bright red lividity characteristic of CO poisoning, marks in his face consistent with lying on the tanker, no airway corrosions and a postmortem CO haemoglobin level at 62%.Discussion and ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first reported case of outdoor fatal CO poisoning and also the first case with CO poisoning by accidental mixture of sulphuric acid and formic acid. To avoid occupational CO poisoning in the future safety masks should be obvious along with certainty of fluid in processing as well as safeguard the density of the vacuum package.
Effect of empowerment on quality of life and social ability of road traffic accident disables in Khon Kaen Hospital
Authors: Shawong P , Chantarasiri J , Kulleub S , Kaesri T , Srilamai T , Maneerat T 
Published: March 2011

This Action Research aimed to develop quality of life of the traffic accident disables who mostly were less opportunity socioeconomic status youth, admitted in Khon Kaen Hospital due to severe injury from traffic accident and holistic care Multidisciplinary team provided. Sample were 25 traffic accident 23 men and 2 women average ages was 41 (min-max= 6–87 years, Mode = 25) which were 12 spinal cord 4 head and other organs injury patients. Quality of life was measure in 2004 by brief Thai WHO quality of life and found medium to low quality of life score 76% then PDCA schemes to empower using four attributes of empowerment concept.Results were as follows: A traffic accident disable club established. Member consisted of more than 48 members. They could be able to live, more, independently. Three of wheelchair person married (on wheelchair)and having good family. Two bed ridden SCI could be able to get out of bed. Six person engaged new career. Twelves (48.0%) are core of the team and consistently join the clubs routine activities. Others are also actively return their experience to society occasionally but keep in touch. Their routine activities are (1).Joining multidisciplinary health team visiting new traffic accident injured patients in hospital and at the patients home. (2). traffic accident prevention campaigning in Khon Kaen Hospital every morning, twice a month in schools and occasionally in publics. (3).Lecturer in any meeting concerning traffic accident prevention and campaign in public meeting colleges and universities.