bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption and evaluation of associated factors in university students
Authors: Ay Ahmet , ÇAM Cüneyt , KILINÇ Ali , Fatih ÖNSÜZ Muhammed , METİNTAŞ Selma 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption (HAC) according to gender among university students and associated factors.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on undergraduate students. We used a stratified sampling technique to represent 26036 students from all grade levels and 11 faculties, and the survey was administered to 2349 undergraduate students. The prevalence of HAC was determined with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). HAC was defined as getting 8 points or more from the AUDIT. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine HAC related factors in both genders.

Results
In this study, 53.2% of the participants were male. The prevalence of HAC in the study group was 13.5% and prevalence of lifetime drinker was 65.3%. In males; those whose fathers [OR = 1.72; 95% CI: (1.17-2.52)], mothers [1.49; (1.02-2.18)], close friends [2.42; (1.28-4.60)] drink alcohol and smoking [3.16; (2.09- 4.77)], use illicit substance [2.35; (1.66-3.34)], have mental health problems [1.65; (1.04-2.62)] were more likely to report HAC. Meanwhile in females, those whose fathers [OR = 1.92; 95%CI: (1.03-3.57)], close friends [5.81; (1.73-19.45)] drink alcohol and smoking [4.33; (2.31-8.15)], use illicit substance [4.34; (2.34-8.06)] have mental health problems [3.01; (1.67-5.43)] were more likely to report HAC.

Conclusions
HAC prevalence is high among university students. The risk of HAC increases with the use of alcohol in family and circle of friends, smoking, illicit substance use and mental health problems. The factors associated with the risk of HAC in both genders are similar.
Spectral MV-algebras and equispectrality
Authors: Barbieri Giuseppina Gerarda , Di Nola Antonio , Lenzi Giacomo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study the set of MV-algebras with given prime spectrum and we introduce the class of spectral MV-algebras. An MV-algebra is spectral if it is generated by the union of all its prime ideals (or proper ideals, or principal ideals, or maximal ideals). Among spectral MV-algebras, special attention is devoted to bipartite MV-algebras. An MV-algebra is bipartite if it admits an homomorphism onto the MV-algebra of two elements. We prove that both bipartite MV-algebras and spectral MV-algebras can be finitely axiomatized in first order logic. We also prove that there is only, up to isomorphism, a set of MV-algebras with given prime spectrum. A further part of the paper is devoted to some relations between bipartite MV-algebras and their states. Recall that a state on an MV-algebra is a generalization of a probability measure on a Boolean algebra. Particular states are the states with Bayes’ property. We show that an MV-algebra admits a state with the Bayes’ property if and only if it is bipartite.
Online elasticity estimation and material sorting using standard robot grippers
Authors: Patni Shubhan P. , Stoudek Pavel , Chlup Hynek , Hoffmann Matej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStiffness or elasticity estimation of everyday objects using robot grippers is highly desired for object recognition or classification in application areas like food handling and single-stream object sorting. However, standard robot grippers are not designed for material recognition. We experimentally evaluated the accuracy with which material properties can be estimated through object compression by two standard parallel jaw grippers and a force/torque sensor mounted at the robot wrist, with a professional biaxial compression device used as reference. Gripper effort versus position curves were obtained and transformed into stress/strain curves. The modulus of elasticity was estimated at different strain points and the effect of multiple compression cycles (precycling), compression speed, and the gripper surface area on estimation was studied. Viscoelasticity was estimated using the energy absorbed in a compression/decompression cycle, the Kelvin-Voigt, and Hunt-Crossley models. We found that (1) slower compression speeds improved elasticity estimation, while precycling or surface area did not; (2) the robot grippers, even after calibration, were found to have a limited capability of delivering accurate estimates of absolute values of Young’s modulus and viscoelasticity; (3) relative ordering of material characteristics was largely consistent across different grippers; (4) despite the nonlinear characteristics of deformable objects, fitting linear stress/strain approximations led to more stable results than local estimates of Young’s modulus; and (5) the Hunt-Crossley model worked best to estimate viscoelasticity, from a single object compression. A two-dimensional space formed by elasticity and viscoelasticity estimates obtained from a single grasp is advantageous for the discrimination of the object material properties. We demonstrated the applicability of our findings in a mock single-stream recycling scenario, where plastic, paper, and metal objects were correctly separated from a single grasp, even when compressed at different locations on the object. The data and code are publicly available.
Automatic classification of smart sensor data for evaluating machine tool efficiency
Authors: Sortino Marco , Vaglio Emanuele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe assessment of production plant efficiency is crucial for optimizing the operational performance of manufacturing systems. In traditional facilities, automated data collection is limited and information primarily relies on operators declarations, which are prone to inaccuracy. There is therefore a need for readily accessible digital alternatives. This paper introduces a cost-effective method for classifying the status of machine tools using smart sensors to monitor their primary doors with minimal integration, and a streamlined algorithm for efficient data processing. The innovative algorithm was conceived using data collected in over 3 months in a manufacturing plant comprising 50 diverse machine tools engaged in batch production for the automotive industry, and is based on non-dimensional thresholds, making it suitable for generic applications requiring classification of repetitive patterns. Also, a realistic simulator was developed to provide reliable data for algorithm accuracy evaluation. The classification performance was fully tested using synthetic data, showing very good accuracy. In addition, the performance of the algorithm was compared to basic machine learning approaches further proving the validity of the proposed method. Ultimately, the classification algorithm was employed to assess the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of the real plant machines, which were closely aligned with the estimates provided by the enterprise management.
Homological Invariants of Pauli Stabilizer Codes
Authors: Ruba Blazej , Yang Bowen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study translationally invariant Pauli stabilizer codes with qudits of arbitrary, not necessarily uniform, dimensions. Using homological methods, we define a series of invariants called charge modules. We describe their properties and physical meaning. The most complete results are obtained for codes whose charge modules have Krull dimension zero. This condition is interpreted as mobility of excitations. We show that it is always satisfied for translation invariant 2D codes with unique ground state in infinite volume, which was previously known only in the case of uniform, prime qudit dimension. For codes all of whose excitations are mobile we construct a p-dimensional excitation and a $$(D-p-1)$$(D-p-1)-form symmetry for every element of thep-th charge module. Moreover, we define a braiding pairing between charge modules in complementary degrees. We discuss examples which illustrate how charge modules and braiding can be computed in practice.
Loss to gain: pseudogenes in microorganisms, focusing on eubacteria, and their biological significance
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Pengzhi , Qaidi Samir El , Hardwidge Philip R. , Huang Jinlin , Zhu Guoqiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pseudogenes are defined as “non-functional” copies of corresponding parent genes. The cognition of pseudogenes continues to be refreshed through accumulating and updating research findings. Previous studies have predominantly focused on mammals, but pseudogenes have received relatively less attention in the field of microbiology. Given the increasing recognition on the importance of pseudogenes, in this review, we focus on several aspects of microorganism pseudogenes, including their classification and characteristics, their generation and fate, their identification, their abundance and distribution, their impact on virulence, their ability to recombine with functional genes, the extent to which some pseudogenes are transcribed and translated, and the relationship between pseudogenes and viruses. By summarizing and organizing the latest research progress, this review will provide a comprehensive perspective and improved understanding on pseudogenes in microorganisms.

Key points
• Concept, classification and characteristics, identification and databases, content, and distribution of microbial pseudogenes are presented.
• How pseudogenization contribute to pathogen virulence is highlighted.
• Pseudogenes with potential functions in microorganisms are discussed.
Preparation and application of fluorescent monoclonal antibodies recognizing goat CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Yang Haoyue , Hu Jiajin , Jiang Yuecai , Ma Wentao , Gao Shikong , Chen Dekun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells participating in a variety of diseases including mycoplasmal pneumonia, contagious ecthyma, and so on. The role of Tregs in goat contagious ecthyma is not completely understood due to the lack of species-specific antibodies. Here, we developed a combination of CD4 and CD25 fluorescence monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to recognize goat Tregs and assessed its utility in flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining. Using immunofluorescence staining, we found that the frequency of Treg cells was positively correlated with the viral load during orf virus infection. These antibodies could serve as important tools to monitor Tregs during orf virus infection in goats.

Key points
• A combination of fluorescent mAbs (C11 and D12) was prepared for the detection of goat Tregs.
• C11 and D12 are effective in flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and C11 has excellent species specificity.
• The frequency of Treg cells was positively correlated with the viral load during orf virus infection.
Biosynthetic gene clusters with biotechnological applications in novel Antarctic isolates from Actinomycetota
Authors: Bruna Pablo , Núñez-Montero Kattia , Contreras María José , Leal Karla , García Matías , Abanto Michel , Barrientos Leticia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Actinomycetota have been widely described as valuable sources for the acquisition of secondary metabolites. Most microbial metabolites are produced via metabolic pathways encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Although many secondary metabolites are not essential for the survival of bacteria, they play an important role in their adaptation and interactions within microbial communities. This is how bacteria isolated from extreme environments such as Antarctica could facilitate the discovery of new BGCs with biotechnological potential. This study aimed to isolate rare Actinomycetota strains from Antarctic soil and sediment samples and identify their metabolic potential based on genome mining and exploration of biosynthetic gene clusters. To this end, the strains were sequenced using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms. The assemblies were annotated and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Finally, the BGCs present in each genome were identified using the antiSMASH tool, and the biosynthetic diversity of the Micrococcaceae family was evaluated. Taxonomic annotation revealed that seven strains were new and two were previously reported in the NCBI database. Additionally, BGCs encoding type III polyketide synthases (T3PKS), beta-lactones, siderophores, and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) have been identified, among others. In addition, the sequence similarity network showed a predominant type of BGCs in the family Micrococcaceae, and some genera were distinctly grouped. The BGCs identified in the isolated strains could be associated with applications such as antimicrobials, anticancer agents, and plant growth promoters, among others, positioning them as excellent candidates for future biotechnological applications and innovations.

Key points
• Novel Antarctic rare Actinomycetota strains were isolated from soil and sediments
• Genome-based taxonomic affiliation revealed seven potentially novel species
• Genome mining showed metabolic potential for novel natural products
The dominance of dorsal scapular artery as the blood supply to muscles of the back in the absence of two primary vessels: a cadaveric case report
Authors: Rocha Janay , Chalk Robert , Bhattacharya Arunabh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Understanding of rare or unknown anatomical variations of the vasculature of the neck is critical to reduce the risk of complications during surgeries and other invasive procedures in the neck and shoulder regions.

Methods
Bilateral dissection of the neck and muscles of the back of an 87-year-old Caucasian male donor was performed to demonstrate the origin, course and termination of the arteries that arise in the neck.

Results
Several anatomical variations were noted on the right side of the neck of the donor body – (i) only inferior thyroid and ascending cervical arteries originated from the thyrocervical trunk (TCT), from the first part of the subclavian artery (SA), whereas the transverse cervical (TCA) and suprascapular (SSA) arteries were entirely absent, (ii) Dorsal scapular artery (DSA) emerged normally from the third part of the SA. However, after supplying the rhomboids and levator scapulae muscles, DSA provided two additional branches to the trapezius muscle and a branch to the supraspinatus muscle. Interestingly, the branches to the trapezius muscle from the DSA were the only sources of blood supply to the muscle.

Conclusion
We report a unique anatomical variation involving the absence of the TCA and SSA from the TCT. The unilateral absence of these major vessels and the branches of DSA supplying the trapezius and supraspinatus muscles have not been reported previously in the literature in a single case report. This case study may provide useful information for head and neck reconstruction and shoulder repair surgeries.
Transient reflectance of silicon carbide during laser-induced phase separation
Authors: Pflug Theo , Bernard Benjamin , Jahn Falko , Gobald Michael , Weißmantel Steffen , Horn Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLaser irradiation can induce local modulations of functional material properties, such as a decreased resistivity or a variation in reflectance. Recent studies investigated the laser-induced phase separation of 4 H-SiC into carbon and silicon on top of regrown SiC to customize its electrical conductivity for the application in electronic devices. To understand the physical processes leading to the laser-induced phase separation, time-resolved pump-probe measurements represent a suitable tool. This study advances the state of the art by characterizing the transient reflectance changes in 4 H-SiC upon irradiation by spatially resolved pump-probe reflectometry. Since the laser heating alters the reflectance of the sample, the spatially resolved measurement enables to observe the heat conduction from the irradiated to the non-irradiated areas, which sustains for several milliseconds. Numerical simulations of the temperature evolution reveal a restricted one-dimensional heat conduction into depth due to the broad lateral extent of the irradiated area. The associated sustained increased temperature within the irradiated area most certainly abets the feasibility of the phase separation. These findings offer practical insights for optimizing the applied laser parameters to tailor the material properties via phase separation.
Root mucilage nitrogen for rhizosphere microorganisms under drought
Authors: Nazari Meisam , Bickel Samuel , Kuzyakov Yakov , Bilyera Nataliya , Zarebanadkouki Mohsen , Wassermann Birgit , Dippold Michaela A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient for the growth and activity of rhizosphere microorganisms, particularly during drought conditions. Plant root-secreted mucilage contains N that could potentially nourish rhizosphere microbial communities. However, there remains a significant gap in understanding mucilage N content, its source, and its utilization by microorganisms under drought stress. In this study, we investigated the impact of four maize varieties (DH02 and DH04 from Kenya, and Kentos and Keops from Germany) on the secretion rates of mucilage from aerial roots and explored the origin of mucilage N supporting microbial life in the rhizosphere. We found that DH02 exhibited a 96% higher mucilage secretion rate compared to Kentos, while Keops showed 114% and 89% higher secretion rates compared to Kentos and DH04, respectively. On average, the four maize varieties released 4 μg N per root tip per day, representing 2% of total mucilage secretion. Notably, the natural abundance of 15N isotopes increased (higher δ15N signature) with mucilage N release. This indicates a potential dilution of the isotopic signal from biological fixation of atmospheric N by mucilage-inhabiting bacteria as mucilage secretion rates increase. We proposed a model linking mucilage secretion to a mixture of isotopic signatures and estimated that biological N fixation may contribute to 45 - 75% of mucilage N per root tip. The N content of mucilage from a single maize root tip can support a bacterial population ranging from 107 to 1010 cells per day. In conclusion, mucilage serves as a significant N-rich resource for microbial communities in the rhizosphere during drought conditions.
Nachhaltige Antriebssysteme für künftige Flugzeugsysteme
Authors: Heitmeir Franz 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie steigende Erderwärmung und die erforderlichen Maßnahmen, um diese einzudämmen, sind Themen, für die möglichst bald von den Naturwissenschaftler:innen und Ingenieur:innen Lösungen gefunden werden müssen. Die Diskussion um die Art der künftigen Mobilität hat mittlerweile alle Bereiche erfasst, von Autos, Lastkraftwagen und Schiffen bis hin zu Flugzeugen. Leider ist das Thema sehr komplex, systemübergreifend, politisch und ideologisch besetzt. Vieles ist nur mithilfe gemeinsamer internationaler Anstrengungen zu lösen.
Revisiting the metal sites of nitrous oxide reductase in a low-dose structure from Marinobacter nauticus
Authors: Pomowski Anja , Dell’Acqua Simone , Wüst Anja , Pauleta Sofia R. , Moura Isabel , Einsle Oliver 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCopper-containing nitrous oxide reductase catalyzes a 2-electron reduction of the green-house gas N2O to yield N2. It contains two metal centers, the binuclear electron transfer site CuA, and the unique, tetranuclear CuZ center that is the site of substrate binding. Different forms of the enzyme were described previously, representing variations in oxidation state and composition of the metal sites. Hypothesizing that many reported discrepancies in the structural data may be due to radiation damage during data collection, we determined the structure of anoxically isolated Marinobacter nauticus N2OR from diffraction data obtained with low-intensity X-rays from an in-house rotating anode generator and an image plate detector. The data set was of exceptional quality and yielded a structure at 1.5 Å resolution in a new crystal form. The CuA site of the enzyme shows two distinct conformations with potential relevance for intramolecular electron transfer, and the CuZ cluster is present in a [4Cu:2S] configuration. In addition, the structure contains three additional types of ions, and an analysis of anomalous scattering contributions confirms them to be Ca2+, K+, and Cl–. The uniformity of the present structure supports the hypothesis that many earlier analyses showed inhomogeneities due to radiation effects. Adding to the earlier description of the same enzyme with a [4Cu:S] CuZ site, a mechanistic model is presented, with a structurally flexible CuZ center that does not require the complete dissociation of a sulfide prior to N2O binding.
Graphical Abstract
The [4Cu:2S] CuZ site in M. nauticus N 2O reductase. The electron density map shown is contoured at the 5
σ level, highlighting the presence of two sulfide ligands.
705x677mm (72 x 72 DPI)
Assessing self-regulated processes: what do primary school students do, say and think in the process of understanding a text?
Authors: Leites Valentina Ronqui , Seferian Daniel Trías , Martínez Juan Antonio Huertas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelf-regulation has a positive impact on learning and academic achievement, but due to its nature, it is difficult to assess it in a valid and reliable manner. This study aims to explore the validity of three self-regulation assessment methods in text comprehension tasks (questionnaire, think-aloud and traces) as well as to identify the variables associated with reading performance. For this purpose, individual sessions were conducted with 96 sixth-grade primary education students, who were asked to read a text and complete two reading comprehension tasks working in a virtual environment. Task traces were recorded, think-aloud was recorded and coded, and participants answered a self-report questionnaire about the strategies used. A limited relationship was found between self-regulation measured by means of the questionnaire, think-aloud and traces, and the relationship between think-aloud and traces was moderate. Regarding the factors related to text comprehension task performance, think-aloud and task time measurements were found to be better predictors of performance than the questionnaire.
Moving towards an ecological management of overabundant ungulates: insights from wildlife-vehicle collisions and hunting bag data
Authors: Tarjuelo Rocío , Luque-Larena Juan José , Mougeot François 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreasing abundance of large ungulates is raising human-wildlife impacts and the effectiveness of recreational hunting to reduce their population growth is increasingly questioned. We report on long-term trends (> 15 years) in wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) and hunting bags, and on associations between the annual growth rate of WVC and that of hunting bags for three ungulates – the wild boar, the red deer, and the roe deer – and the grey wolf in northwest Spain to evaluate the regulating capacity of recreational hunting at large spatial scale. Wildlife-vehicle collisions increased by 332% in 16 years and 91% of all traffic accidents were caused by collisions with these three ungulates. All ungulate species showed significant positive trends in WVC and hunting bags, but we did not observe a negative association between annual growth rate of hunting bags and that of WVC except for the wild boar. Results suggest that recreational hunting was unable to reduce ungulate population growth at the regional scale. There was no upward trend of vehicle collisions with wolves over the study period, possibly reflecting stable wolf populations. Natural mortality due to predation could be promoted through the protection of apex predators, but the lethal management of apex predators, often based on sociopolitical pressures rather than damage levels, can conflict with the strategy for mitigating ungulate impacts. Ungulate management needs to be reconsidered from an ecological perspective that integrates human management measures, including recreational hunting, based on the population dynamics and the recovery of predator–prey interactions by favoring the expansion of apex predators.