bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical modelling of temperature and habitat size effects on population dynamics of North Atlantic cod
Authors: Mantzouni Irene , Sørensen Helle , O'Hara Robert B. , MacKenzie Brian R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Mantzouni, I., Sørensen, H., O'Hara, R. B., and MacKenzie, B. R. 2010. Hierarchical modelling of temperature and habitat size effects on population dynamics of North Atlantic cod. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 833–855. Understanding how temperature affects cod (Gadus morhua) ecology is important for forecasting how populations will develop as climate changes in future. The effects of spawning-season temperature and habitat size on cod recruitment dynamics have been investigated across the North Atlantic. Ricker and Beverton and Holt stock–recruitment (SR) models were extended by applying hierarchical methods, mixed-effects models, and Bayesian inference to incorporate the influence of these ecosystem factors on model parameters representing cod maximum reproductive rate and carrying capacity. We identified the pattern of temperature effects on cod productivity at the species level and estimated SR model parameters with increased precision. Temperature impacts vary geographically, being positive in areas where temperatures are <5°C, and negative for higher temperatures. Using the relationship derived, it is possible to predict expected changes in population-specific reproductive rates and carrying capacities resulting from temperature increases. Further, carrying capacity covaries with available habitat size, explaining at least half its variability across stocks. These patterns improve our understanding of environmental impacts on key population parameters, which is required for an ecosystem approach to cod management, particularly under ocean-warming scenarios.
Etiology of Peanut Pod Rot in Nicaragua: I. The Effect of Pod Size, Calcium, Fungicide, and Nematicide
Authors: Augusto Joao , Brenneman Timothy B. , Csinos Alexander S. 
Published: February 2010

Pod rot is one of the most important peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) diseases in the pacific coast region of Cosiguina in Nicaragua. The region receives excessive rainfall during the peanut growing season and fields with high pod rot incidence often have moderate to high infestations of stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.). It was hypothesized that soilborne fungi, nematode damage and/or soil calcium deficiency could be involved in peanut pod rot. Flutolanil (1.2 kg a.i./ha, two applications), aldicarb (3.4 kg a.i./ha, one application), and calcium (670 kg/ha, two applications of gypsum) were evaluated on small (Georgia Green) and large (C-99R) seeded, runner cultivars in field experiments from 2005 to 2007 to help determine disease etiology. Experiments were split-split-plot or split-plot designs and treatments were replicated five times. There were no differences in pod rot between the two cultivars. Flutolanil did not decrease pod rot and only increased yield when associated with aldicarb nematicide. Gypsum application did not decrease pod rot, or increase yield or pod calcium content. Aldicarb had no effect on pod rot, but significantly increased yield by 22%, apparently by suppression of pod and/or root damage by lesion nematode. Neither calcium deficiency nor lesion nematode damage increased pod rot. Accepted for publication 19 October 2009. Published 15 February 2010.
Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids Are Involved in Polar Auxin Transport and Developmental Patterning inArabidopsis
Authors: Roudier François , Gissot Lionel , Beaudoin Frédéric , Haslam Richard , Michaelson Louise , Marion Jessica , Molino Diana , Lima Amparo , Bach Liên , Morin Halima , Tellier Frédérique , Palauqui Jean-Christophe , Bellec Yannick , Renne Charlotte , Miquel Martine , DaCosta Marco , Vignard Julien , Rochat Christine , Markham Jennifer E. , Moreau Patrick , Napier Johnathan , Faure Jean-Denis 
Published: February 2010

AbstractVery-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are essential for many aspects of plant development and necessary for the synthesis of seed storage triacylglycerols, epicuticular waxes, and sphingolipids. Identification of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase PASTICCINO3 and the 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydratase PASTICCINO2 revealed that VLCFAs are important for cell proliferation and tissue patterning. Here, we show that the immunophilin PASTICCINO1 (PAS1) is also required for VLCFA synthesis. Impairment of PAS1 function results in reduction of VLCFA levels that particularly affects the composition of sphingolipids, known to be important for cell polarity in animals. Moreover, PAS1 associates with several enzymes of the VLCFA elongase complex in the endoplasmic reticulum. The pas1 mutants are deficient in lateral root formation and are characterized by an abnormal patterning of the embryo apex, which leads to defective cotyledon organogenesis. Our data indicate that in both tissues, defective organogenesis is associated with the mistargeting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN FORMED1 in specific cells, resulting in local alteration of polar auxin distribution. Furthermore, we show that exogenous VLCFAs rescue lateral root organogenesis and polar auxin distribution, indicating their direct involvement in these processes. Based on these data, we propose that PAS1 acts as a molecular scaffold for the fatty acid elongase complex in the endoplasmic reticulum and that the resulting VLCFAs are required for polar auxin transport and tissue patterning during plant development.
The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of S‐tenatoprazole‐Na 30 mg, 60 mg and 90 mg vs. esomeprazole 40 mg in healthy male subjects
Authors: HUNT R. H. , ARMSTRONG D. , YAGHOOBI M. , JAMES C. 
Published: February 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 648–657SummaryBackground  Racemic tenatoprazole 40 mg/day provides more prolonged acid suppression than esomeprazole 40 mg/day.Aim  To compare pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of tenatoprazole and esomeprazole.Methods  A single‐centre, double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized, 4‐way, cross‐over study was conducted in 32 healthy male subjects. S‐tenatoprazole‐Na 30, 60 or 90 mg, or esomeprazole 40 mg was administered once daily for 5 days with 10‐day washout intervals. The 24‐h intragastric pH was recorded at baseline and on day 5 of each period.Results  On day 5, median pH (5.34 ± 0.45 and 5.19 ± 0.52 vs. 4.76 ± 0.82, respectively, P < 0.002) and percentage time with pH > 4 (80 ± 11 and 77 ± 12, vs. 63 ± 11 respectively, P < 0.0001) for 24‐h were higher with S‐tenatoprazole‐Na 90 mg and 60 mg than esomeprazole. In nocturnal periods, S‐tenatoprazole‐Na 90 mg, 60 mg and 30 mg were superior to esomeprazole with regard to median pH (5.14 ± 0.64, 4.94 ± 0.65, 4.65 ± 0.86 and 3.69 ± 1.18 respectively, P < 0.0001) and percentage time with pH > 4 (77 ± 12, 73 ± 17, 64 ± 17 and 46 ± 17 respectively, P < 0.0001). Proportion of subjects with nocturnal acid breakthrough with S‐tenatoprazole‐Na 90 mg, 60 mg and 30 mg was significantly less than with esomeprazole (54.8, 43.3, 56.7 and 90.3 respectively, P < 0.04). The proportion of subjects with >16 hrs with pH >4 was significantly higher with S‐tenatoprazole‐Na 90 mg and 60 mg than with esomeprazole (87.1%, 83.3% and 41.9% respectively, P < 0.02).Conclusions  S‐tenatoprazole‐Na produced significantly greater and more prolonged dose‐dependent 24‐h and nocturnal acid suppression than esomeprazole. S‐tenatoprazole‐Na may provide greater clinical efficacy compared with current PPIs for patients with ineffective once‐daily therapy.
The development and validation of a new coeliac disease quality of life survey (CD‐QOL)
Authors: DORN S. D. , HERNANDEZ L. , MINAYA M. T. , MORRIS C. B. , HU Y. , LESERMAN J. , LEWIS S. , LEE A. , BANGDIWALA S. I. , GREEN P. H. R. , DROSSMAN D. A. 
Published: February 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 666–675SummaryBackground  Previous studies on coeliac disease (CD)‐related quality of life (QOL) have been limited by their use of a ‘generic’ rather than coeliac disease‐specific assessment instruments.Aim  To develop and psychometrically validate a new coeliac disease‐specific instrument, the CD‐QOL.Methods  Through a series of focus groups, we elicited items from patients that related to the specific nature of their disease and its impact on their basic needs. Through expert review, cognitive debriefing with patients and pilot testing, a scale was developed, refined and administered to 387 patients on a gluten‐free diet from both community‐based support groups and a tertiary care referral centre. Finally, a formal validation study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the CD‐QOL.Results  The final CD‐QOL has 20 items across four clinically relevant subscales (Limitations, Dysphoria, Health Concerns, and Inadequate Treatment). The CD‐QOL has high internal consistency, reliability, and psychometric validation indicates both convergent and discriminate validity.Conclusions  The CD‐QOL is a reliable and valid measure of coeliac disease related QOL. As a new disease‐specific instrument, it is likely to be a useful tool for evaluating patients with this disorder.
Clinically significant liver injury in patients treated with natalizumab
Authors: BEZABEH S. , FLOWERS C. M. , KORTEPETER C. , AVIGAN M. 
Published: February 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 1028–1035SummaryBackground  Natalizumab is a recombinant monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis and patients with Crohn’s disease. Because of its immunosuppressive effects, natalizumab has been associated with a number of atypical and opportunistic infections.Aim  To describe and summarize six spontaneously reported post‐marketing cases of clinically significant drug induced‐liver injury associated with natalizumab use.Methods  The FDA maintains a database of adverse event reports (AERS). We searched the AERS database for reports of serious liver injury associated with natalizumab use from November 2004, when the drug was approved, through 30 June 2008.Results  The search resulted in six spontaneously reported post‐marketing cases of severe drug‐induced liver injury. Four of six patients developed liver injury with elevations of serum transaminases and hyperbilirubinemia after only a single infusion of natalizumab. One of these patients experienced repeated increases of aminotransferases and bilirubin when natalizumab was re‐administered.Conclusions  Serious hepatic injury may occur in association with natalizumab use. Health professionals should be alerted to possible serious liver injury in patients receiving natalizumab.
Low‐ and standard‐dose peginterferon alfa‐2a for chronic hepatitis C, genotype 2 or 3: efficacy, tolerability, viral kinetics and cytokine response
Authors: ROTMAN Y. , BORG B. B. , SOZA A. , FELD J. J. , MODI A. A. , LOOMBA R. , LUTCHMAN G. , RIVERA E. , DOO E. , GHANY M. G. , HELLER T. , NEUMANN A. U. , LIANG T. J. , HOOFNAGLE J. H. 
Published: February 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 1018–1027SummaryBackground  Chronic infection with hepatitis C, genotype 2/3, responds better than other genotypes to peginterferon and ribavirin treatment. We hypothesized that a lower dose of peginterferon would be as effective, but less toxic than standard doses.Aim  To test the hypothesis that a lower dose of peginterferon would be as effective as, but less toxic than, standard doses.Methods  A total of 30 patients were treated with low‐dose peginterferon alfa‐2a (90 μg/week) and 27 patients with standard doses (180 μg/week) for 24 weeks in combination with 800 mg/day of ribavirin. Patients who failed treatment were offered 48 weeks of standard‐dose treatment. Viral and serum inducible protein 10 (IP‐10) levels were measured and early viral kinetic parameters were calculated.Results  Sustained virological response was achieved in 68% of the low‐dose and 87% of the standard‐dose patients (per protocol, P = 0.79 for non‐inferiority). Re‐treatment was successful in all patients who tolerated full dose and duration. The standard‐dose group had greater first‐phase declines of viral levels and faster time to negativity. The second‐phase slope was not dose‐dependent. IP‐10 induction was significantly greater with the standard dose. Although fatigue and general feeling during treatment were worse for standard dose, haematological toxicity and depression did not differ between groups.Conclusion  A lower dose of peginterferon is associated with some symptomatic benefit, but the response is not equivalent to standard dosing.
Survival and length of stay following blood transfusion in octogenarians following cardiac surgery
Authors: Veenith T. , Sharples L. , Gerrard C. , Valchanov K. , Vuylsteke A. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryOur aim was to assess if peri‐operative blood transfusion is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity in the elderly. We report the results of a cohort study of all patients aged 80 or more on the day of their emergency or elective cardiac surgery (n = 874), using routinely collected data from January 2003 to November 2007. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality in hospital. The secondary outcomes were duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and overall hospital stay. Confounding variables were used to build up a risk model using a multivariable logistic regression analysis, and blood transfusion was added to assess whether it had additional predictive value for hospital mortality. Patients were divided into three groups: (i) transfusion of 0–2 units of red blood cells; (ii) transfusion of > 2 units of red blood cells and (iii) transfusion of red blood cells plus other clotting products. The strongest independent predictors of hospital death were logistic EuroSCORE and body mass index. After inclusion of these two variables, the odds ratio for transfusion remained significant. Relative to 0–2 units, the odds ratio for > 2 units was 6.80 (95% CI 2.46–18.8), and for other additional blood products was 14.4 (95% CI 5.34–37.3), with a p value of < 0.001. Duration of stay in the ICU was significantly associated with the amount of blood products administered (median (IQR [range]) ICU stay 1 (1‐2 [0‐15]) day if transfused 0–2 units of red blood cells, 2 (1‐6 [0‐128]) days if transfused > 2 units of red blood cells and 3 (1‐76 [0‐114]) days if other clotting products were used; p value < 0.001). Hospital stay was also associated with the amount of red cells used (p < 0.001).
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are consumed during allergic inflammation and affect T helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-mediated hypersensitivity differently
Authors: Johansson S , Lönnqvist A , Östman S , Sandberg A-S , Wold A E 
Published: February 2010

SummaryStudies have shown that atopic individuals have decreased serum levels of n-3 fatty acids. Indicating these compounds may have a protective effect against allergic reaction and/or are consumed during inflammation. This study investigated whether fish (n-3) or sunflower (n-6) oil supplementation affected T helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-mediated hypersensitivity in the skin and airways, respectively, and whether the fatty acid serum profile changed during the inflammatory response. Mice were fed regular chow, chow + 10% fish oil or chow + 10% sunflower oil. Mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) resolved in Th1 or Th2 adjuvant. For Th1 hypersensitivity, mice were challenged with OVA in the footpad. Footpad swelling, OVA-induced lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in the draining lymph node were evaluated. In the airway hypersensitivity model (Th2), mice were challenged intranasally with OVA and the resulting serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and eosinophilic lung infiltration were measured. In the Th1 model, OVA-specific T cells proliferated less and produced less interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 in fish oil-fed mice versus controls. Footpad swelling was reduced marginally. In contrast, mice fed fish oil in the Th2 model produced more OVA-specific IgE and had slightly higher proportions of eosinophils in lung infiltrate. A significant fall in serum levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids accompanied challenge and Th2-mediated inflammation in Th2 model. Fish oil supplementation affects Th1 and Th2 immune responses conversely; significant consumption of n-3 fatty acids occurs during Th2-driven inflammation. The latter observation may explain the association between Th2-mediated inflammation and low serum levels of n-3 fatty acids.
Discrepant influence of vitamin D status on parathyroid hormone and bone mass after two years of calcium supplementation
Authors: Chailurkit La‐or , Saetung Sunee , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Ongphiphadhanakul Boonsong , Rajatanavin Rajata 
Published: February 2010

SummaryObjective  To investigate the influence of vitamin D status on parathyroid hormone and bone mass after a 2‐year supplementation of calcium alone.Patients and Methods  Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, in healthy postmenopausal women without osteoporosis: three hundred and thirty‐six subjects aged 60–97 years were studied and randomized to receive elemental calcium 500 mg/day (n = 175) or placebo (n = 161) for 2 years.Measurements  Changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline and vitamin D status. Values are presented as means ± SD.Results  After 2 years, subjects with calcium supplementation had significant decrease in plasma PTH level (4·4 ± 1·7 vs 4·7 ± 1·9 pmol/l, P < 0·01), improved lumbar BMD (1·031 ± 0·12 vs 1·004 ± 0·12 g/cm2, P < 0·001) and total hip BMD (0·890 ± 0·10 vs 0·883 ± 0·10 g/cm2, P < 0·001) without change in femoral neck BMD. In the placebo group, PTH level significantly increased (4·8 ± 1·6 vs 4·5 ± 1·5 pmol/l, P < 0·001), lumbar BMD slightly increased (1·027 ± 0·14 vs 1·018 ± 0·14 g/cm2, P < 0·001), total hip and femoral neck BMD decreased (0·876 ± 0·11 vs 0·887 ± 0·11 g/cm2, P < 0·001 and 0·783 ± 0·10 vs 0·798 ± 0·10 g/cm2, P < 0·001, respectively). When subjects were classified according to baseline 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels into those with 25(OH)D in the lower tertile (lowVitD) and those in the middle and upper tertiles combined (normVitD). The degree of PTH suppression after calcium supplementation was significantly higher in the normVitD compared to the lowVitD groups (−5·6 ± 26·7%vs 1·3 ± 27·2%, P < 0·05). No effect of vitamin D status on the change in lumbar BMD after calcium supplementation was demonstrated. Despite the higher suppression of PTH, there was a slight decrease in femoral neck BMD after calcium supplementation in the normVitD group while femoral neck BMD was more or less maintained in the lowVitD group (−0·6 ± 3·2%vs 0·5 ± 2·9%, P < 0·05).Conclusion  Calcium supplementation appears to affect femoral bone mass less in Thai postmenopausal women with adequate vitamin D status, despite higher suppression of PTH.
Does leptin predict incident hypertension in older adults?
Authors: Kramer Caroline K. , Von Mühlen Denise , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth 
Published: February 2010

SummaryObjective  Leptin is associated with blood pressure (BP) in experimental and cross‐sectional studies, but only one previous prospective study of middle‐aged men has reported the association between leptin and incident hypertension. We examined the association of leptin levels with incident hypertension in a population‐based study of older men and women.Design  Longitudinal cohort study.Population  Participants were 602 community‐dwelling older adults with normal baseline BP levels who attended a research clinic visit between 1984 and 1987 and again 4·4 years later (mean age was 66·2 ± 11·4; 60·6% were men; mean body mass index (BMI) 24·9 ± 3·4 kg/m2).Measurements  Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive drug treatment. Leptin was measured by radioimmunoassay.Results  After an average 4·4‐year follow‐up (minimum 2–maximum 7 years), 106 (17·6%) new cases of hypertension were identified. At baseline, participants who developed hypertension were older and had higher systolic BP and higher total cholesterol compared to participants who remained normotensive. Baseline serum leptin levels were higher in participants who developed hypertension compared to persistent normotensives [median (25th–75th range)] [8·8(5–16) vs 7(4–11) ng/ml, P = 0·002]. In logistic regression models, leptin (log‐transformed) predicted incident hypertension before and after adjustments for baseline age, BMI, systolic BP, total cholesterol, medications, and previous cardiovascular disease (OR 1·75 95% CI 1·17–2·61, P = 0·006). This association persisted after exclusion of 45 obese participants.Conclusion  Higher leptin levels were independently associated with increased odds of incident hypertension in older adults.
Effects of microwave and ultrasonic wave treatment on inactivation of Alicyclobacillus
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhao Guanghua , Liao Xiaojun , Hu Xiaosong 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of microwave (MW), ultrasonic wave (UW) and their combination treatments for the same length of time (10 or 30 min) on the inactivation of vegetative cells of three different strains of Alicyclobacillus, (Alicyclobacillus acidiphilus DSM 14558T, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris DSM 3922T and Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus DSM 4006T) in a laboratory medium. The results showed that A. acidoterrestris DSM 3922T seemed to be the most susceptible strain. It was also found that when MW or UW was employed separately, UW was more effective and the effectiveness of MW and UW was improved as the power and exposure time increased. By comparison, UW treatment followed by MW was significantly better than the treatment of MW followed by UW. Furthermore, combined MW and UW treatment had a markedly better effect than separate MW processing, but had a less effect than UW alone, except that the inactivation of A. cycloheptanicus DSM 4006T was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by the 30‐min treatment of UW (400 W for 20 min) + MW (900 W for 10 min).
Sensory analysis and fruiting bodies characterisation of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Polyporus tenuiculus obtained on leaf waste from the essential oil production industry
Authors: Omarini Alejandra , Nepote Valeria , Grosso Nelson R. , Zygadlo Julio A. , Albertó Edgardo 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThe present investigation aims to examine if waste from the essential oil industry (Laurus nobilis and Eucalyptus cinnerea) can modify the sensory attributes of dried Pleurotus ostreatus and Polyporus tenuiculus. Moreover, the conversion percentage from dry substrate weight to fresh mushroom weight (biological efficiency) and fresh fruiting body characterisation were evaluated. It was possible to obtain fruiting bodies in both aromatic substrates. This study demonstrated that the substrate composition had effects on the sensory and quality characteristics of the mushrooms. The use of aromatic plant wastes increased the intensities of the brown colour, sour, ‘mushroom’ flavour and springiness, and decreased the intensities of the bitterness and hardness. In addition, significant differences between species were observed. Pleurotus ostreatus had the highest ‘mushroom’ flavour, pungency and sour intensities, and P. tenuiculus was recognised for its cereal flavour, hardness, fibrous texture and springiness.