bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium co‐limitation in terrestrial ecosystems: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Fang Jingchun , Chen Baozhang , Wang Fei , Li Weibin , Zhang Huifang , Fang Junjun , Liu Shuan , Zheng Zichen , Guo Man , Niu Shuli 
Published: May 2024

Societal Impact StatementNitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential elements for plant growth and are the primary nutrients in commercial fertilizers. However, the extent to which these nutrients individually limit plant growth is still unclear, as is the influence of their interactions. Using a meta‐analysis approach, plant growth was found to be co‐limited by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that multiple nutrient additions are primarily additive, with the exception of synergistic effects observed with NP additions on plant growth. These findings are important as they provide a timely and valuable reference for assessing the ecosystem‐scale consequences of increasing nutrient deposition caused by human activities.Summary

Numerous field studies and a few meta‐analyses have confirmed that terrestrial primary production is individually or jointly limited by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Meanwhile, a recent synthesis emphasized that potassium (K) limitation in terrestrial ecosystems is more widespread than previously thought. However, it remains unclear whether N, P, and K co‐limit terrestrial production and how their interactions influence plant growth.
Therefore, we conducted a globally comprehensive synthesis of a total 2877 observations to explore the individual and interactive effects of N, P, and K additions on plant growth.
We found that N, P, K, NP, NK, PK, and NPK additions significantly increased aboveground biomass production (AGP) by 30.8%, 15.3%, 12.3%, 68.4%, 36.5%, 21.1%, and 78.7%, respectively. The combined addition of multiple nutrients resulted in a larger increase in AGP than a single addition of nutrients. These findings suggested that terrestrial production is widely co‐limited by N, P, and K. However, no significant responses of belowground biomass production (BGP) to nutrient additions were observed. Except for synergistic interactions between N and P additions, the responses of AGP to other pairs of nutrient additions were predominantly additive.
This meta‐analysis highlights the importance of multiple‐nutrient limitation in regulating terrestrial primary production while pointing out that non‐additive effects (including synergistic and antagonistic) of multiple‐nutrient additions on terrestrial production are relatively rare.
Prenatal predictors of ambulation without assistance by 30 months of age in children following prenatal repair of open spina bifida, a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mustafa Hiba J. , Arab Kholoud , Javinani Ali , Garg Shreya , Nawab Sadia , Habli Mounira , Khalil Asma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate prenatal predictors for ambulation without assistance in children following prenatal repair of open spina bifida (OSB).MethodsA systematic search was conducted in three databases until June 2022. We included articles reporting on prenatal repair of open spina bifida (OSB) and ambulation outcomes. The random‐effect model was used. Effect sizes are presented as odds ratio (OR), using the Mantel–Haenszel test, with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsFive studies encompassing 460 pregnancies that underwent prenatal repair of OSB of which a total of 234 had data on ambulation and were included. The follow‐up age for all included studies was 30 months. Two studies were open repairs, two were fetoscopic repairs, and one included both open and fetoscopic repairs. Of the 234 included population, ambulation without assistance occurred in 159/234, 68% (95% CI 58, 76), and ambulation with assistance occurred in 75/234, 32% (95% CI 23.6, 41.6). Significant prenatal preoperative predictors that are negatively associated with ambulation without assistance were lateral ventricle (LV) width ≥15 mm (OR: 0.29; 95% CI 0.12, 0.69, I2 = 0.0%; p < 0.0001), lesion level T12‐L2 (OR: 0.22; 95% CI 0.07, 0.7; I2 = 65%, p = 0.01), and severe hindbrain herniation (OR: 0.28; 95% CI 0.1, 0.77; I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.01). Factors including gestational age at surgery (p = 0.5), Myeloschisis (p = 0.4), talipes (p = 0.29), and gestational age at birth (p = 0.95) were not significantly associated with ambulatory status.ConclusionFollowing the prenatal repair of OSB, preoperative factors that are negatively associated with walking without assistance were preoperative LV width ≥15 mm, lesion level T12‐L2, and preoperative severe hindbrain herniation. These results provide pertinent counselling points for parents with pregnancies affected by OSB considering a prenatal repair.
A new clustering model based on the seminal plasma/serum ratios of multiple trace element concentrations in male patients with subfertility
Authors: Tanaka Takazo , Kojo Kosuke , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Atsushi , Shimizu Takuya , Fujimoto Shunsuke , Kakinuma Toshiyuki , Uchida Masahiro , Kimura Tomokazu , Kandori Shuya , Negoro Hiromitsu , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether seminal plasma (SP)/serum ratios of multiple trace elements (TEs) can classify patients with male subfertility.MethodsSP/serum ratios of 20 TEs (lithium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, rubidium, strontium, molybdenum, cesium, barium, and thallium) were calculated for healthy volunteers (n = 4) and those consulting for male subfertility (n = 245). Volunteer semen samples were collected by split ejaculation into early and subsequent fractions, and SP/serum ratio data were compared between fractions. The patients' SP/serum ratio data were used in an unsupervised clustering analysis and qualitatively compared with the data from the fractions of ejaculation from the volunteers. Semen quality parameters and pregnancy outcomes were compared between patient clusters.ResultsThe early fraction of volunteers was characterized by lower phosphorus and arsenic and 18 other higher TEs than the subsequent fraction. Cluster analysis classified patients into four distinct clusters, one sharing characteristics with the early fraction and another with the subsequent fraction. One cluster with the early fraction characteristics had significantly lower semen volume and higher pregnancy rates from spontaneous pregnancies or intrauterine insemination.ConclusionsClassification of patients based on SP/serum ratios of multiple TEs represents the dominance of fractions of ejaculation samples.
Age, sexual abstinence duration, sperm morphology, and motility are predictors of sperm DNA fragmentation
Authors: Yoshiakwa‐Terada Kento , Takeuchi Hiroki , Tachibana Ryota , Takayama Erina , Kondo Eiji , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeSperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has recently received attention as a cause of male infertility. However, SDF cannot be fully assessed using conventional semen parameter evaluations alone. Therefore, the authors aimed to elucidate the relationship between SDF and sperm parameters via computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) to improve treatment strategies in reproductive medicine.MethodsThis retrospective observational study analyzed the relationship between sperm parameters assessed by CASA and SDF values determined by the TUNEL assay in 359 patients who visited the Mie University Hospital for infertility treatment. The methodology involved semen analyses covering concentration, motility, and morphology, followed by SDF quantification using the flow cytometry.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed significant correlations between SDF and various factors, including age, sexual abstinence period, and specific CASA‐measured parameters. Notably, lower sperm motility rates and abnormal head dimensions were associated with higher SDF values, indicating that these parameters were predictive of SDF.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of sperm motility and head morphology as indicators of SDF, suggesting their usefulness in assessing male fertility. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of detailed sperm analysis, potentially increasing the success rate of assisted reproductive technologies by improving sperm selection criteria.
Finite‐time pinning synchronization control for multi‐layer complex networks
Authors: Sun Shixiang , Wei Xinjiang , Zhang Huifeng , Hu Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe synchronization of multi‐layer networks can greatly improve production and life efficiency, thus having important research significance. In this article, the finite‐time pinning synchronization control strategy is investigated for multi‐layer networks. A new finite‐time pinning controller, which not only considers the intra‐layer coupling connection, but also the inter‐layer coupling connection, is designed. The pinning synchronization criteria for the multi‐layer networks is established based on the finite‐time control protocols. Additionally, the corresponding convergence analysis are also provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results is illustrated using three comparison methods in a two‐layer network.
Climate justice from the lens of sustainable development
Authors: Kaklauskaite Ulijona , Streimikiene Dalia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a systematic review of the concept of climate justice by revealing it's main linkages to sustainable development. The United Nations established the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, instituting a set of universal goals in essential areas of action related to sustainable development. The SDGs confront especially pertinent socioeconomic problems and pressing environmental challenges like climate change. Including a specific climate target, SDG 13, climate change is a global and acute issue that jeopardizes the achievement of all SDGs. This study aims to analyze the concept of climate justice in the context of sustainable development. The systematic literature review integrates the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis (SALSA) framework, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement under the PSALSAR (Protocol, Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis, and Report) framework. The performed analysis provides future research guidelines based on identified gaps.
High‐Power and Large‐Area Anodes for Safe Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Ha Son , Park Ji Yong , Huh Sung‐Ho , Yu Seung‐Ho , Kwak Jin Hwan , Park Jungjin , Lim Hee‐Dae , Ahn Dong June , Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Yang Seung Jae , Yun Young Soo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe lithium deposited via the complex electrochemical heterogeneous lithium deposition reaction (LDR) process on a lithium foil‐based anode (LFA) forms a high‐aspect‐ratio shape whenever the reaction kinetics reach its limit, threatening battery safety. Thereby, a research strategy that boosts the LDR kinetics is needed to construct a high‐power and safe lithium metal anode. In this study, the kinetic limitations of the LDR process on LFA are elucidated through operando and ex situ observations using in‐depth electrochemical analyses. In addition, ultra‐thin (≈0.5 µm) and high modulus (≥19 GPa) double‐walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) membranes with different surface properties are designed to catalyze high‐safety LDRs. The oxygen‐functionalized DWNT membranes introduced on the LFA top surface simultaneously induce multitudinous lithium nuclei, leading to film‐like lithium deposition even at a high current density of 20 mA cm−2. More importantly, the layer‐by‐layer assembly of the oxygen‐functionalized and pristine DWNT membranes results in different surface energies between the top and bottom surfaces, enabling selective surface LDRs underneath the high‐modulus bilayer membranes. The protective LDR on the bilayer‐covered LFA guarantees an invulnerable cycling process in large‐area pouch cells at high current densities for more than 1000 cycles, demonstrating the practicability of LFA in a conventional liquid electrolyte system.
Microporous Electrode Binders for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Khalid Hamza , Plevová Michaela , Bui Trung Tuyen , Najibah Malikah , Hnát Jaromír , Bouzek Karel , Henkensmeier Dirk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzers, AEMs separate hydrogen and oxygen, but should efficiently transport hydroxide ions. In the electrodes, catalyst nanoparticles are mechanically bonded to the porous transport layer or membrane by a polymeric binder. Since these binders form a thin layer on the catalyst particles, they should not only transport hydroxide ions and water to the catalyst particles, but should also transport the nascating gases away. In the worst case, if formation of gases is >> than gas transport, a gas pocket between catalyst surface and the binder may form and hinder access to reactants (hydroxide ions, water). In this work, the ion conductive binder SEBS‐DABCO is blended with PIM‐1, a highly permeable polymer of intrinsic microporosity. With increasing amount of PIM‐1 in the blends, the permeability for water (selected to represent small molecules) increases. Simultaneously, swelling and conductivity decrease, due to the increased hydrophobicity. Ex situ data and electrochemical data indicate that blends with 50% PIM‐1 have better properties than blends with 25% or 75% PIM‐1, and tests in the electrolyzer confirm an improved performance when the SEBS‐DABCO binder contains 50% PIM‐1.
Enhancing Orbital Interaction in Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode for High‐Voltage and High‐Rate Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Tianji , Li Yujie , Yao Ziqing , Guo Tongsen , Liu Shuangke , Chen Zhongxue , Zheng Chunman , Sun Weiwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh voltage cobalt‐free spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is well organized as a high‐power cathode material for lithium (Li)‐ion batteries, however, the weak interaction between the 3d orbital of the transition metal (TM) ions and the 2p orbital of oxygen (O) leads to the instability of crystal structural, hindering the long‐term stable cycling of LNMO cathode especially at high temperatures. Here, a design strategy of orbital interaction is initiated to strengthen TM 3d‐O 2p framework in P‐doped LNMO (P‐LNMO) by choosing phytic acid as P dopant, which can realize more uniform doping compared to regular phosphate. The results show that the enhancement of TM 3d‐O 2p orbital interaction in P‐LNMO can suppress the Jahn–Teller effect and subsequent dissolution of Mn, as well as lowers the energy barrier for Li ion insertion/extraction kinetics. As a result, superior electrochemical performances including high discharge capacity, stable cycling behavior and enhanced rate capability of P‐LNMO are obtained. Significantly, the P‐LNMO pouch cell shows great cycling stability with 97.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles.
Sustainable All‐Day Thermoelectric Power Generation From the Hot Sun and Cold Universe
Authors: Liu Meiling , Li Xiansheng , Li Liang , Zhao Shanguang , Zhu Jinglin , Zhou Ting , Lin Zhihan , Li Jianjun , Sun Bowen , Pei Gang , Zhao Bin , Zou Chongwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnergy conversion from the environment into electricity is the most direct and effective electricity source to sustainably power off‐grid electronics, once the electricity requirement exceeds the capability of traditional centralized power supply systems. Normally photovoltaic cells have enabled distributed power generation during the day, but do not work at night. Thus, efficient electricity generation technologies for a sustainable all‐day power supply with no necessity for energy storage remain a challenge. Herein, an innovative all‐day power generation strategy is reported, which self‐adaptively integrates the diurnal photothermal and nocturnal radiative cooling processes into the thermoelectric generator (TEG) via the spectrally dynamic modulated coating, to continuously harvest the energy from the hot sun and the cold universe for power generation. Synergistic with the optimized latent heat phase change material, the electricity generation performance of the TEG is dramatically enhanced, with a maximum power density exceeding 1000 mW m−2 during the daytime and up to 25 mW m−2 during the nighttime, corresponding to an improvement of 123.1% and 249.1%, compared with the conventional strategy. This work maximizes the utilization of ambient energy resources to provide an environmentally friendly and uninterrupted power generation strategy. This opens up new possibilities for sustained power generation both daytime and nighttime.
Multi‐objective optimization‐based and fault localization‐oriented test case generation for novice programs
Authors: Liu Yong , Yang Zezhong , Fan Luxi , Wu Yonghao , Chen Xiang , Zhou Xiaotang 
Published: May 2024

SummaryOnline judgment (OJ) systems are capable of evaluating program results by automatically executing test cases, significantly improving the efficiency of traditional guidance approaches. Moreover, existing studies attempt to assist novices through automated fault localization techniques to provide feedback to novices, which can help them quickly find the location of faulty statements. Among them, spectrum‐based fault localization (SBFL) techniques have been widely used for their lightweight and efficiency, which only requires coverage information and test results of test cases to conduct fault localization. However, manually constructing high‐quality test cases for a large number of OJ questions is tough work to complete. To solve this problem, we propose the novice program‐orientedMulti‐Objective Optimization‐BasedFault Localization‐OrientedTestCaseGeneration (MFTCG) for automatically generating test inputs. Specifically, we use multi‐objective optimization algorithms to evolve the test case in terms of both fault localization and faulty code detection capability. We conduct experiments with 8911 programs from the well‐known public OJ platform AtCoder. The results show that our proposed approach MFTCG can achieve the best fault localization performance compared with existing automated test case generation approaches in most cases and can achieve the similar faulty code detection capability compared to manually designed test cases.
Solvent‐Induced Structural Rearrangement in Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yi Jaekyung , Lee Gyuwon , Park Sarah S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline extended structures featuring permanent porosity, assembled from metal ions and organic ligands, often synthesized by the solvothermal method (50–260 °C, 12–72 h). Here, an alternative synthetic approach—solvent‐induced structural rearrangement in ultrasound‐assisted synthesis is presented. Six representative Zn‐based MOFs, each composed of distinct secondary building units, are synthesized within 2–180 min consuming less solvent (>0.03 m) at room temperature. It is observed that ultrasonication induces the construction of a coordination network, and subsequent solvent exchange triggers structural rearrangement to yield MOFs of high crystallinity and porosity. Furthermore, the scalability of this method is demonstrated through the bulk synthesis of MOF‐5, MOF‐74, ZIF‐8, and MFU‐4l within 90 min. The initiation of nucleation through ultrasound and the subsequent transformation induced by solvent exchange offer an alternative method for efficiently synthesizing MOFs in bulk, potentially broadening their range of applications.
The role of membrane filtration in wastewater treatment
Authors: Mansor Eman , abdallah Heba , Shaban Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater is vital for the sustainable growth of human communities. Due to the greatest population and significant economic development, demands on water and purification have significantly risen. Classical wastewater treatment procedures have made some progress over the years in purifying effluents for disposal, but they fall lacking in the way they deeply control emerging harmful substances. The potential to reuse treated wastewater for home, agricultural, and industrial needs depends on breakthroughs in purifying technologies. One of the most recent breakthroughs to be implemented effectively in reducing contaminants to desirable levels is membrane technology. Nanofiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and membrane bioreactors are examples of widely utilized membrane processes depending on features such as size or charge. Over traditional treatment, membrane technology offers various benefits. This review article discusses a number of membrane‐related topics, including membrane categorizing, application in various fields, benefits, and drawbacks. Furthermore, offers an outlook of the filtering membranes that will be used in the future. Smart membranes have gained interest because of their tunable permeability and selectivity characteristics. Technological advancements in the media that are utilized in activated growth membrane bioreactors. Modified interfacial polymerization approaches have been investigated in addition to adsorptive ultrafiltration mixed matrix membranes to enhance the performance of the polyamide thin‐film composite and thin‐film nanocomposite membranes.
Institutionalized Individualism in Post-collectivist China
Authors: Constantin Sandra V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis second chapter explores the dynamics of individualization in China across time to unravel the complexities of the individualization process in a rapidly transforming society.The pre-Maoist period, often mischaracterized as solely group-oriented, is reevaluated through the lens of Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. It not only reveals a society rooted in individual autonomy within a network of personal relationships, but it also sheds light on how the transformative intellectual movements of the early twentieth century sought to redefine the “Chinese national character” to modernize the country, challenging traditional family structures and promoting individual autonomy. The May 4th movement marked a peak in this reformist wave, introducing elements of individualism that clashed with Confucian morals.Furthermore, the chapter reveals that during the Maoist period, despite a shift towards collectivism, Maoist policies contributed to a partial disembedding of individuals from traditional solidarities, particularly for women.In a last movement, the chapter shed light on the subsequent economic reforms from the late 1970s and how it marked a new phase. While the Party-State maintains strong political and economic control, it enjoins individuals to take responsibility for their life-course. It supports individualization in the labor market while rejuvenating family obligations and solidarities.
Spin-2 universal minimal solutions on type IIA and IIB supergravity
Authors: Lima Mariana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the spin-2 field perturbations of four families of supergravity solutions. These include AdS5 and AdS7 backgrounds of type IIA as well as AdS4 and AdS6 backgrounds of Type IIB. As the main result, we show that, in all the cases, there is a solution given by a combination of the warp factors. We also find the respective mass spectra. We analyze the normalizability of the solutions and identify the superconformal multiplets dual to them.