bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Coiled Tubing Interventions to Stimulate Extended Reach Water Injection Wells in a Field in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Beheiri Faisal I. , Saudi Mohammad M. , Metwally Sayed A. , Al-Shammari Nayef S. , Al-Meshal Fahad , Sierra Leopoldo 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT
Drilling wells with longer horizontal sections to maximize the reservoir contact has brought many challenges to the well interventions using Coiled Tubing (CT). In most cases, the complexity has pushed the CT interventions to the limits, driving the development of new solutions to extend the reach to the total well depth.
The number of these extended wells has grown significantly in recent years in Saudi Arabia, especially in new development fields like the study area, where more than 100 extended reach power water injection wells were placed in the reservoir flanks. The water injection wells in this study area are a typical example of complexity due to the combination of large bore tubular, lower reservoir pressure, and long horizontal openhole completion, with lengths between 4,000 to almost 8,000 ft.
During the initial CT interventions in this field, several challenges were encountered, e.g., stuck CT due to pressure differentials and slack-off weight through severe doglegs, tight spots, and other obstructions. Extensive knowledge was gained by performing an extensive simulation and study of the horizontal section geometry, and analyzing the operational data. Based on the findings, a combination of techniques was introduced to the CT intervention procedure, to extend the reach and minimize the operational problems and costs.
The key components of our new implemented methodology were buoyancy reduction by using nitrified fluids and friction reduction by using new viscoelastic surfactant (VES) friction reducer. In addition, combinations of other techniques were employed, e.g., optimizing the pull tests frequency in openhole and improving CT movement practices. This paper shows the effectiveness of the new cost effective and reliable methodology to maximize the CT reach up to 8,000 ft allowing the distribution of the acid stimulation throughout the entire horizontal sections.
Evaluation of Gas, Water, WAG Injections, and Infill Wells for Improving Recovery of One of Iranian Reservoirs
Authors: Sadooni M. , Shahbazi K. , Hashemi A. , Abdali M. R. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Increasing demand for energy has forced oil companies to resort to secondary and tertiary methods to increase the recovery from the existing reservoirs. In this paper, enhancing the recovery factor of one of Iranian reservoirs which is a naturally fractured reservoir was investigated. For this reservoir, it is estimated that 96.5 percent of oil is contained in the matrix and 3.5 percent in the fractures. The field is an undersaturated reservoir with no active gas cap and no strong water aquifer.
In this paper, injections of water, gas, water alternating gas (WAG), and infill wells on this field was investigated to increase the recovery factor. Eclipse100 was employed to simulate the reservoir. The simulated results showed that gas, water, and WAG injections had insignificance improvements on oil recovery. However, it was found that infill wells contribute an appreciable increase in recovery. The amount of increase for drilling five infill wells was around five percent.
Since development of existing resources contributes a major role on the supply of oil for the future oil market (around 45 percent by 2030), these results are used to screen the various methods for increasing the recovery of such reservoirs.
Short-Term and Long-Term Aspects of a Water Injection Strategy
Authors: Stenger Bruno A. , Al-Katheeri Abdulla B. , Hafez Hafez H. , Al-Kendi Salem H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This paper reviewed the water injection strategy of a supergiant carbonate oil field operated by ADCO onshore Abu Dhabi since 1973. This field was subjected to peripheral waterflooding in order to maintain reservoir pressure and provide a mechanism to sweep the oil. In addition to traditional parameters in waterflooding such as for instance, reservoir heterogeneity, mobility ratio and depletion rate that control the waterfont shape, the presence of three oil-bearing reservoirs juxtaposed across strike-slip fault planes added a new variable to the complexity. Fault juxtaposition was interpreted to create limited pressure communication and fluid crossflow between reservoirs. The usual way of computing the voidage replacement ratio based on well production and injection rates was therefore insufficient to gain a complete understanding of the water injection strategy. Two different solutions of the voidage replacement ratio were computed using a full-field reservoir simulation model history-matched for both pressure and saturation changes. After accounting for all surface facilities constraints and under a certain set of assumptions, results of this model indicated that crossflow magnitude was minimized when certain pressure differences were maintained between these three reservoirs. Alternatively, there were some indications that higher crossflow could result in some additional oil recovery. A simple methodology to manage production and water injection targets on a quarterly basis while accounting for the communication between reservoirs was discussed. Finally implications for an on-going development were reviewed.
Flow Anisotropy Analysis From Multiwell-Testing of Sabiriyah Field, North Kuwait
Authors: Alkouh Ahmad , Chen Her-Yuan 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The Sabiriyah field in north Kuwait showed a depletion drive mechanism and a water flooding plan was needed. The Mauddud reservoir was tested through a Waterflood pilot which incorporated a pulse test data. The objective of the test is to assess reservoir connectivity, properties and water flow direction. The field's test data were matched through a pressure distribution with a slight heterogeneous and a homogeneous match. Using the field data, a small range of anisotropy orientation N10°E to N7°E was found. This orientation correlates to the sand fairways in the direction of SW-NE mentioned in the literature.
Two cases were used to verify that the first peak of the pulse test can be used in an interference analysis with a decreased value of total compressbility. For all cases, the well's sequence is the same as the original response but the separation between the three well's pressure responses was not as clear as the original data.
The Papadopulos-Ramey's method was used to evaluate the two matches of the Sabiriyah's pulse test. The slight heterogeneous match was used and the results were consistence with orientation of N8E and anisotropy ratio of 32. Also, the decreased value of total compressibility in the ideal case was verified using this method. The second homogenous match could not be evaluated because the field had a slight heterogeneity that affected the transmissibility result. Also, the gap in the diffusivity between the three wells is high, which can not be presented by the anisotropy alone, compared to the three ideal cases. In addition, ideal homogeneous modeled pulse test of the field with orientation of N8°E verified that the gap in diffusivity between the wells cannot be modeled without varying and decreasing the total compressibility value for the three wells.
Real-Time Drill Bit Wear Prediction by Combining Rock Energy and Drilling Strength Concepts
Authors: Rashidi B. , Hareland G. , Nygaard R. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A central element to reduce drilling cost is to improve drilling operation by analyzing real-time data. Developing advanced real-time analysis tools is one way to improve the drilling operation. Two approaches which currently are used for optimizing the actual rotary drilling process are mechanical specific energy and inverted rate of penetration models. The mechanical specific energy method is defined as the work needed to destroy a given volume of the rock. It can act as a tool during the drilling operation to detect changes in drilling efficiency thus providing a method to optimize the drilling parameters to enhance instatanious rate of penetration. Rate of penetration models, on the other hand, can be used to calculate formation drillability considering the effects of drilling parameters, bits design and bit wear. Drilling optimization using rate of penetration models is done by changing the drilling parameters and/or bit design to find the optimum drilling scenario for an entire bit run. The mechanical specific energy log and the drillability ratio differ when mud weight is changed and when bits are worn. These two differences are due the fact that mechanical specific energy does not include bit wear as well as the effect of changing mud weight. By combining these methods and modifying the mechanical specific energy equations to incorporate these effects and the mechanical specific energy can be used as a real-time trending tool for bit wear estimations. In this analysis, wells from offshore Middle East and onshore North America are analyzed. The field results are very encouraging in that the bit wear for both roller cone and PDC bits can be predicted. The field validation of this new approach shows that the supplementary information on the bit wear status can in some cases benefit in the decision of when to pull the bit while it still is in the hole and thereby possibly improve overall economics of the drilling operation.
A New Cement Sealant System for Long-Term Zonal Isolation for Khuff Gas Wells in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Al-Suwaidi A. S. , Soliman A. Abou , Jammeli K. , Arif M. , Elatrache B. , Fattah T. , Agnani M. , Voon E. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Cementing gas wells in Khuff reservoir where sustained annular pressure has been reported in many wells, presents a big challenge offshore in Umm Sheif field in Abu Dhabi. The main challenges are preventing gas migration and achieving long-term zonal isolation using a competent cement sealant system able to withstand downhole stresses and high temperatures during production cycles.
An extensive study was carried out on two previously cemented wells, and an in-depth analysis was performed on the cement systems pumped in this field. The knowledge gained paved the way for designing, planning, and executing successful cementation on a recent well.
A mathematical model simulating downhole stresses in terms of pressure and temperature was used in designing the cement sealant system. Unlike conventional cement systems, properties such as high Poisson's ratio and low Young's modulus value compared to that of the rock were optimized in the new system to achieve mechanical resistance and durability.
This paper describes a case history whereby this cement sealant system was used to cement and secure the critical phases of this well. Cement evaluation logs across all the liners showed complete cement coverage and zonal isolation, especially across the Khuff gas reservoir.
Utilization of Acoustic Logging Technology to Identify Failed Barriers in Offshore Wells
Authors: Shnaib Fathi , Beaumont-Smith Peter , Alagba Tonye , Nasr Karim K. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The detection of the source of communication and pressure build up in the first or second annuli presents a huge challenge to the industry. Dubai Petroleum has been utilizing an acoustics based logging tool to pinpoint the source of high pressures in the annuli of its gas lifted oil producers and water injectors in its offshore operations. This paper presents a description of the technology and the findings from Dubai Petroleum's experience on several case histories.
An ultrasonic leak detection tool has been developed for down-hole applications, to take advantage of the unique properties of ultrasound energy propagation through various media. This data acquisition equipment has been developed to allow continuous logging operation on conventional electric line cable or memory mode on slick line. The movement of fluids across a failed barrier creates turbulence creating high frequency ultrasound waves that are detected by the tool sensor.
This new tool is different from the conventional noise logs as its highly customized multiple sensitivities enable the detection of leaks as small as 0.02 Liters per minute with an accuracy of 1 Inch in the production tubing, casing and other completion equipment. It is also less prone to disturbances from distant noise sources.
The successful experience gained by Dubai Petroleum in utilizing this technology has confirmed that ultrasonic based well leak detector technology can accurately detect very small tubing and casing leaks.
Help Them Grow Or Watch Them Go!
Authors: Qutob Shereen Hussain 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
All industries are facing a looming shortage of experienced and committed employees and more so in the oil and gas industry. We are operating in turbulent times where "talent" is the scarce resource.
While companies are consistently worried about the bottom line and running smooth operations, they have somehow lost track of their main investment; their people. In order to remain competitive, companies today must invest in continually upgrading their people's skills; however this is not always the case.
With so much focus on the "war for talent" and the retirement of the experienced crew, a growing frustration among new candidates entering the workforce is the lack of direction or growth. We need to offer them "careers" in the process and not just jobs.
Today's workforce is mixed and comprises of Baby Boomers, Generation X along with the ever popular Gen Y. We must utilize the best of abilities each generation and in the process overcome the many misconceptions weighing down our workforce. Seniority or knowledge alone does not equal competence. More focus should be on developing the soft-skills in all employees. The investment has to be made from day one.
There will always be operational crises. That is the nature of our industry. However, if we do not seriously evaluate the situation of our current workforce and how we can productively move forward, then we are headed for disaster. We must offer our employees a well rounded experience where both their technical and personal skills are developed so they can ensure the consistent quality, excellence and safety in what we do. The shift to a development-minded culture must take place. It is inevitable. The dialogue between the generations must begin now!
Combination of a Unique Stabilized Bi-Center Bit and Vibration Dampening Tool Improve Hole Opening Performances Through Interbedded Formations in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Thuwaini Jamal , Emad Mohamed , Mohamed Hendrazid Wahby , Chafai Ridha , Murdock Andy 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
When control drilling interbedded formations due to lost circulation challenges, Bi-Center bits often fail to open the hole to the expected drill size. Possible causes include inconsistent downhole weight on bit due to formation changes, lateral and torsional vibration. Each leads to the pilot of the Bi-Center bit drilling an oversized hole which results in the bit drilling off-center, giving an undersized hole.
To combat this, a patented double profile Bi-Center bit was developed. Its elongated pilot section includes a unique mid-reamer section which improves lateral stability due to more balanced cutter forces. Also, the mid-reamer provides an additional gauge section immediately below the reamer which in conjunction with the pilot gauge has proven to reduce tilt and keep the pilot bit centralized, providing more consistent full gauge hole.
Additionally, vibrations generated by the drillstring are common during the hole-opening process. These affect not only the drilling performance but also the quality of the wellbore. A unique eccentric stabilizer, ideally located in tension in the BHA, provides vibration dampening in the drill-string. The V-Stab interrupts harmonic modes vibration as well as reducing the magnitude of shocks due to its unique geometry.
Caliper logs from field trials of a 10-5/8 × 12-/14" CSDX6413S-B1 Bi-Center bit with a 10-5/8 × 12" vibration dampening tool demonstrate excellent hole opening performance and improved borehole quality.
In contrast, logs for conventional Bi-Center bits run with the vibration dampening tool showed inconsistent hole opening and poor borehole quality in the same application.
This paper describes the benefits of the unique combination of these new technologies, presenting detailed drilling performance data showing how they resulted in significant performance improvement and cost savings in southern Saudi Arabia.
Managing a Successful Exploration Drilling Campaign in Saudi Arabia: A Case History
Authors: Ekpe J. , Alexeenko A. , Zeid A. , Ahmed B. , Haddad G. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The frontier exploration drilling campaign in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia started in January 2006. LUKSAR, a joint venture between Lukoil and Aramco, took pragmatic approach to project management. Careful analysis of the campaign challenges included maximizing the local experience of service providers and proper planning to meet the drilling campaign targets. The first two wells have been drilled and tested successfully. The shortcomings of the first two wells were identified and resolved in wells three to five demonstrating significant improvement in performance.
Specific Design Process Associated With Simulation Tools Improve PDC Bi-Centre Application Definition, and Deliver Solution in Directional Environment
Authors: Al-Umran Mohammed , Al-Hameli Mohammed , Al-Mumen Adib , Cuillier Bruno , Boussa Badredine , Cortes Pierre , Dourfaye Alfazazi , Boussahba Hocine 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Bi-centre bit performance in directional applications usually presents performance challenges in terms of efficiency versus power availability and dynamic issues. In most instances the bi-centre bit selection and/or development compromises overall rate of penetration (ROP) for steerability. Extensive statistical analysis combined with drilling simulations (numerical) revealed the importance in the overall performance of a highly efficient bit during the sliding time.
This paper will discuss a field proven design process and technology used to enhance bi-centre bit performance in challenging applications such as directional drilling. After years of extensive development and modeling of cutting structures, including the drilling of simulated wells combined with full scale bit laboratory tests, a process combining cutting structure, rock type and application objectives has been developed. This process, which models and simulates bit behavior during the drilling process, is based upon "bridgeable" software. Analysis using different cutting structures with various parameters in line with drilling objectives and combined with Varel's rock analytics software is used to predict and analyze bit behavior in term of directional tendencies and ROP.
This paper will also discuss the use of this process and the bit developed for a 5 5/8" in Saudi Arabia application. Offset PDC bits averaged 200 $/ft including hole opening cost the solution as a result of the modeling and simulated drilling resulted in an average of 113 $/ft in the same application.
Lessons Learned and Management Information used in the Successful Implementation of a Competence Assurance Process
Authors: Matroushi Salem Al , Kochanczyk Raymond , Baba-Ali Foudil , Mohammed Ahmed Amir , Shekali Khalid Al , Verkoelen Joannes , Dupuis Joseph 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In 2004 ADNOC implemented the Competence Assurance Management System (CAMS) for new University and Higher College of Technology (HCT) Graduates. Today, there are over 700 participants in six ADNOC E&P Companies involving 36 functional disciplines; over 200 graduates have been integrated into supervisory positions. This accomplishment was delivered with significant Lessons Learned identified and subsequent corrections to the original plan.
The successful implementation of CAMS was built on developing a process with the support of line end users and implementation with substantial senior management support. A significant critical success factor contributing to this effort was the use of People Development elements of ADNOC's Performance Management System "Key Performance Indicators" (KPls) to encourage uptake. A second critical success factor was the creation and maintenance of a Management Information System which tracked the progress of individual Competence Development on a monthly basis.
This paper discusses the details and the Lessons Learned of how to implement a complex system across a diverse corporate culture. There will be a focus on how to identify what to measure and how to collect and report the significant data to keep Competency Development Systems on track and preserve the quality of the competencies learned.
Well Design, Execution & Collaboration: An Operator's Tool for the Planning and Drilling of a Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Well
Authors: Breidenthal John L. , Ochterbeck Christopher A. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
As Exploration and Production (E&P) companies look to drill in record-setting water depths, facing extreme conditions and ever-increasing technical challenges, they will need the best people, processes and technology available in the petroleum industry. To compensate for this, Chevron's Deepwater Exploration and Production (DWEP) Business Unit undertook a project to optimize the use of their unique project management process, the Chevron Project Development and Execution Process (CPDEP). This project, called the Well Design, Execution and Collaboration Center (WellDECC), is a combination of people, processes, and technology working to use, align with and augment CPDEP throughout DWEP. This paper outlines the basic CPDEP phases and how WellDECC supports and enhances this process.
The CPDEP consists of five phases: identify and assess opportunities, generate and select alternatives, develop preferred alternatives, execute, and operate and evaluate. Chevron initially developed its current process in the upstream side of the business and ultimately adapted it for all projects. WellDECC was created using this process in 2004 with the primary objective of bolstering CPDEP within DWEP. WellDECC is currently in the last stage, operate and evaluate, as we enter 2008. In recent years, sharply increasing water depths have been accompanied by similar increases in technical challenges and drilling costs; a robust project management process is essential for success in this environment. Chevron Drilling and Completion (D&C) and the Geological and Geophysical (G&G) communities came together and developed the concept of WellDECC to be fully engaged in each of these phases.
One of the important considerations when planning WellDECC was the selection of an operating platform that would seamlessly integrate cross-functionality to best support CPDEP. Halliburton (Landmark and Sperry Drilling Services) was ultimately selected as the primary provider for WellDECC's tools and support. By combining 3-D earth-model visualization, well-construction engineer tools, real-time telemetry functions, real-time drilling parameters, Logging While Drilling (LWD) viewing and data storage, WellDECC has the people, processes and technology to best accomplish its mission.