bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Present‐day interannual variability of surface climate in CMIP3 models and its relation to future warming
Authors: Scherrer Simon C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInterannual variability (IAV) of 2m temperature (T), sea level pressure (SLP) and precipitation (P) in the CMIP3 20th century model simulations are compared with IAV in observational and reanalysis data sets using standard deviation based variability indices. Further, the relation between the representation of T IAV and the amplitude of future warming is investigated. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics, T and SLP IAV are (in contrast to P) in general well represented although a few models perform much worse than others. General problem regions are: (1) sea ice boundary regions, where well‐known biases in the mean states exist; and (2) the Pacific Ocean and Central Africa where SLP IAV is consistently underestimated. T and SLP IAV discrepancies are often found in similar regions and are large in well‐known bias problem regions in the tropics and subtropics and high mountain regions. ‘Bad’ IAV representation also occurs in regions with small biases. T IAV is in general better reproduced over land than over sea and in the extratropics than in the tropics. Among the ‘good’ IAV models there is no robust relation between the tropics (sea only) and the extratropics (land only). The relation between the model's ability to correctly represent T IAV and projected temperature changes is slightly negative (more warming for better IAV representation) but except for the NH summer season not significant when the worst models in terms of IAV representation are omitted. This suggests that aggregated over large regions (with exception of NH summer) no robust relations are found between the model's ability to correctly represent T IAV and the projected temperature change. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The influence of trees and grass on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot‐arid environment
Authors: Shashua‐Bar Limor , Pearlmutter David , Erell Evyatar 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe effects of vegetation on human thermal stress in a hot‐arid region were tested in two semi‐enclosed urban spaces with various combinations of mature trees, grass, overhead shading mesh and paving. The index of thermal stress was calculated hourly from measured meteorological data in the studied sites to evaluate thermal comfort in the different spaces based on radiative and convective pedestrian–environment energy exchanges and sweat efficiency, and expressed on a thermal sensation scale ranging from ‘comfortable’ to ‘very hot’. The efficiency of water use in providing improved comfort was gauged for each of the vegetative landscaping treatments by comparing the total evapotranspiration with the reduction in thermal stress, both expressed in terms of their values in equivalent energy. While conditions in a paved, unshaded courtyard were found to be uncomfortable throughout the daytime hours (with half of these hours defined by severe discomfort), each of the landscape treatments made a clear contribution to improved thermal comfort. With shading, either by trees or mesh, discomfort was reduced in duration by over half and limited in maximum severity when the shading was placed above paving. When combined with grass, both shading mechanisms yielded comfortable conditions at all hours. In both cases, the effect of trees was more pronounced than that of the mesh, but by a small margin. With unshaded grass, ‘hot’ conditions in the courtyard were restricted to a short period in mid‐afternoon, a considerable improvement over unshaded paving, attributable mainly to the lower radiant surface temperatures. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Benefits of thin‐shelled acetabular components for metal‐on‐metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty
Authors: Le Duff Michel J. , Wang Chen‐Ti , Wisk Lauren E. , Takamura Kohtaroh B. , Amstutz Harlan C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe theoretical advantage of using thinner acetabular components in hip resurfacing has not yet been clinically verified. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis of bone conservation and assess the effects of using a thinner acetabular component on hip biomechanics and clinical outcome. We compared the bone conservation, biomechanical results, and functional outcomes between hips in 35 patients who received bilateral metal‐on‐metal resurfacing arthroplasties with acetabular components of 5 mm thickness on one side and 3.5 mm thickness on the other. Acetabular abduction angle and acetabular anteversion were measured using Ein‐Bild‐Röentgen‐Analysis software. Medial acetabular wall thickness and position of the hip center of rotation were measured using Image J software. The change in position of the hip center of rotation was minimal and did not reach significance. Thin‐shelled components showed greater bone conservation on the acetabular side measured by an increase in the medial acetabular wall thickness. Bone conservation on the femoral side was achieved as well with thin shells. Range of motion, pain scores, and complication rates were comparable. No appreciable difference was found in bone‐cup radiographic appearance between the two types of components. These data suggest that patients can experience good clinical outcomes for resurfacing with either thin or thick‐shelled acetabular components. However, thin‐shelled components preserve acetabular bone stock and allow the use of a larger femoral component. The use of thinner acetabular components is an improvement in bone conservation for a hip resurfacing design. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1665–1670, 2010
The role of core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of suspected soft tissue tumours
Authors: Strauss D.C. , Qureshi Y.A. , Hayes A.J. , Thway K. , Fisher C. , Thomas J.M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundControversy surrounds the biopsy method of choice for the histological diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of core needle biopsy (CNB) in patients referred with the suspicion of a soft tissue sarcoma.MethodologyPreviously undiagnosed patients (n = 530) with a suspected soft tissue tumour (STT) who underwent CNB at initial presentation were identified. Specific end‐points were the ability to differentiate benign from malignant tumours, soft tissue from non‐STT, and for sarcomas to define subtype and grade.ResultsOf the 530 patients, 426 patients (80.4%) with soft tissue tumours were identified, of which 225 (52.8%) were malignant and 201 (47.2%) benign. In the remaining 104 patients, tumours masquerading as STT were diagnosed. CNB could differentiate soft tissue sarcomas from benign soft tissue tumours with an accuracy of 97.6%. High grade were differentiated from low grade sarcomas with an accuracy of 86.3%. Tumour subtype was accurately assigned in 89.5% of benign tumours and 88.0% of sarcomas.ConclusionCNB is simple, safe and can accurately diagnose benign and malignant soft tissue tumours. It can reliably identify other tumours masquerading as sarcoma. CNB should be the method of choice to obtain a histological diagnosis in suspected STT. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:523–529. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors in alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing gastric cancers: Analysis of 104 cases
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Cheng Yufan , Sheng Weiqi , Lu Hongfen , Xu Yu , Long Ziwen , Zhu Huiyan , Wang Yanong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere were no comprehensive studies on the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of alpha‐protein‐producing gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)‐producing gastric cancer.MethodsAmong 4,426 gastric cancer patients receiving surgery in the Cancer Hospital of Fudan University from 1996 to 2007, there were 111 patients with elevated serum level of AFP preoperatively after excluding chronic hepatitis, hepatocirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Primary lesions of 104 patients were stained positively for AFP. The clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of AFP‐producing gastric cancer were analyzed. Additionally, 208 stage‐matched AFP‐negative gastric cancer patients were selected as control.ResultsThere was a significantly higher incidence of vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and liver metastasis in AFP‐positive group than in the negative group. The overall 5‐year survival rates of AFP‐positive and negative groups were 28% and 38%, respectively. The AFP‐positive group had a significantly poorer survival in comparison to the stage‐matched negative group. The independent prognostic factors of AFP‐positive group included liver metastasis and pathological stage.ConclusionsAFP‐positive gastric cancer had more aggressive behavior than that of AFP‐negative gastric cancer. In addition to surgery, multimodal therapy should be considered. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:249–255. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of cytosolic chaperonin CCTζ‐1 expression depletes proliferation of colorectal carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Qian‐Lin Zhu , Ting‐Feng Wang , Qi‐Feng Cao , Min‐Hua Zheng , Ai‐Guo Lu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to identify the behavior of colorectal cancer (CRC) individually, so more accurate laboratory index is urgently demanded. Chaperonin are key molecules in tumor cell cycle. Our study aims at revealing the expression and correlation of chaperonin containing TCP1 complex 6A (CCTζ‐1) in CRC.MethodsFifty‐eight patients with CRC admitted from 2005 to 2008 were selected. CCTζ‐1 expression in cell, tumor, and non‐tumor colorectal tissues was detected by Western blot, and their protein was localized by immunohistochemical stain. After HCT116 cells were transfected with CCTζ‐1 siRNA, real‐time PCR, and Western blot were used to examine gene expression. Cell multiplication and apoptosis were examined by Cell Counting Kit‐8 and Annexin V kit.ResultsCCTζ‐1 ptotein expression was detected in 51 of 58 (87.9%) CRC specimens, which was much higher than those in normal mucosa (P < 0.01), and it was correlated with tumor invasion (P < 0.01) and tumor size (P < 0.05). The levels of CCTζ‐1 mRNA and protein were inhibited by CCTζ‐1 siRNA in HCT116 cells transfected with CCTζ‐1 siRNA, which resulted in growth arrest but not apoptosis.ConclusionCCTζ‐1 could be a new prognostic marker for CRC and involve in tumorigenesis. CCTζ‐1 inhibition in vivo might therefore become a new therapy for CRC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:419–423. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of microvascular invasion before hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kaibori Masaki , Ishizaki Morihiko , Matsui Kosuke , Kwon A‐Hon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMicrovascular invasion (MVI) is difficult to detect before resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsClinicopathological and outcome data were retrospectively compared between 213 HCC patients with MVI and 221 patients without MVI who underwent hepatectomy.ResultsMVI risk was selected as an independent prognostic indicator for both disease‐free and overall survival in our 434 HCC patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that an age under 65 years, a protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonism II (PIVKA‐II) level ≥200 mAU/ml, a preoperative tumor size ≥5.0 cm, and poorly differentiated carcinoma were independent predictors of MVI. When age, PIVKA‐II level, and tumor size (data available before surgery) were scored as a combined index, the total score demonstrated a significant correlation with the extent of vascular invasion and with survival after hepatic resection.ConclusionsAn age under 65 years, increase of PIVKA‐II, and larger tumor size were preoperative predictors of MVI in HCC patients undergoing potentially curative resection. Our combined score based on the age, serum PIVKA‐II, and preoperative tumor size is a reliable predictor of MVI and survival in patients with HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:462–468. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Earthquake impact in a remote South Asian population: Psychosocial factors and posttraumatic symptoms
Authors: Ahmad Samoon , Feder Adriana , Lee Elisa J. , Wang Yanping , Southwick Steven M. , Schlackman Erica , Buchholz Katherine , Alonso Angelique , Charney Dennis S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough previous studies have documented the psychological impact of earthquakes, less is known about potentially protective characteristics associated with healthier outcomes. In the present study, 2 samples of survivors were recruited from remote villages in Northwestern Pakistan, 7 and 19 months after the devastating October 2005 earthquake. Female gender, lower education, and closer proximity to the epicenter predicted significantly higher posttraumatic symptom levels. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, distance from the epicenter, and death of close relatives, higher dispositional optimism and higher scores on the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale were significantly associated with lower symptom levels. The authors' findings in a previously unstudied population suggest that certain potentially protective mechanisms, such as optimism, may be universal regardless of culture of origin.
Histology of the healing tympanic membrane following perforation in rats
Authors: Santa Maria Peter Luke , Redmond Sharon Leanne , Atlas Marcus David , Ghassemifar Reza 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to provide a detailed cytological account on the healing tympanic membrane (TM) over 14 days and to complement existing research into TM wound healing.Study Design:The study is a prospective cohort study of 19 male Sprague‐Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) rats.Methods:Rat TMs were perforated using a sterile needle and sacrificed at time points during the 14 days following perforation.Results:The healing of the TM resembles cutaneous wound healing except that the TM is unique in the lack of a supportive matrix beneath the regenerating epithelia. This prevents the influx of reparative cells and nutrients and the in growth of the usual fibroblastic reaction.Conclusions:TM wound healing contrasts with cutaneous wound healing in that keratinocytes are the first cells to close the wound and not the last. A keratin scaffold may not be important in the healing process. The malleus plays a crucial role in the healing of the TM and is the site of significant mitotic activity during the healing process. Migration across layers of the TM appears to account for the closure of the perforation. Laryngoscope, 2010
Stable overexpression of Pregnane X receptor in HepG2 cells increases its potential for bioartificial liver application
Authors: Nibourg Geert A. A. , Huisman Maarten T. , van der Hoeven Tessa V. , van Gulik Thomas M. , Chamuleau Robert A. F. M. , Hoekstra Ruurdtje 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
To bridge patients with acute liver failure to transplantation or liver regeneration, a bioartificial liver (BAL) is urgently needed. A BAL consists of an extracorporeal bioreactor loaded with a bioactive mass that would preferably be of human origin and display high hepatic functionality, including detoxification. The human hepatoma cell line HepG2 exhibits many hepatic functions, but its detoxification function is low. In this study, we investigated whether stable overexpression of pregnane X receptor (PXR), a master regulator of diverse detoxification functions in the liver [eg, cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity], would increase the potential of HepG2 for BAL application. Stable overexpression was achieved by lentiviral expression of the human PXR gene, which yielded cell line cBAL119. In monolayer cultures of cBAL119 cells, PXR transcript levels increased 29-fold versus HepG2 cells. Upon activation of PXR by rifampicin, the messenger RNA levels of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 increased 49- to 213-fold versus HepG2 cells. According to reporter gene assays with different inducers, the highest increase in CYP3A4 promoter activity (131-fold) was observed upon induction with rifampicin. Inside BALs, the proliferation rates, as measured by the DNA content, were comparable between the 2 cell lines. The rate of testosterone 6β-hydroxylation, a measure of CYP3A function inside BALs, increased 4-fold in cBAL119 BALs versus HepG2 BALs. Other functions, such as apolipoprotein A1 synthesis, urea synthesis, glucose consumption, and lactate production, remained unchanged or increased. Thus, stable PXR overexpression markedly increases the potential of HepG2 for BAL application. Liver Transpl 16:1075-1085, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Marketing: Too important to be left to the marketing people
Authors: Trout Jack 
Published: June 2010

AbstractJack Trout is a longtime powerhouse in the world of marketing (he coauthored the marketing classic Positioning with Al Ries). The key to surviving in these difficult times, he says, “is not to stare at the balance sheet but simply to know where you must go to find success in a market. That's because no one can follow you (the board, your managers, your employees) if you don't know where you're headed.” How do you find the proper direction? Trout outlines a four‐step process to pursue in forging the way ahead.
Strategies for growth in hard times
Authors: Kanwar Onkar S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractApollo Tyres, headquartered in India, has gone through multiple sets of difficult times during its short history, including near‐bankruptcy. Onkar S. Kanwar, chairman of Apollo Tyres, offers key lessons for all companies on how his company dealt with setbacks and challenges to become India's leading automotive tire manufacturer, with operations on three continents.
Food processing increases casein resistance to simulated infant digestion
Authors: Dupont Didier , Mandalari Giuseppina , Mollé Daniel , Jardin Julien , Rolet‐Répécaud Odile , Duboz Gabriel , Léonil Joëlle , Mills Clare E. N. , Mackie Alan R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether processing could modify the resistance of casein (CN) to digestion in infants. A range of different dairy matrices was manufactured from raw milk in a pilot plant and subjected to in vitro digestion using an infant gut model. Digestion products were identified using MS and immunochemical techniques. Results obtained showed that CNs were able to resist digestion, particularly κ‐ and αs2‐CN. Resistant areas were identified and corresponded to fragments hydrophobic at pH 3.0 (gastric conditions) and/or carrying post‐translational modifications (phosphorylation and glycosylation). Milk processing led to differences in peptide patterns and heat treatment of milk tended to increase the number of peptides found in digested samples. This highlights the likely impact of milk processing on the allergenic potential of CNs.
Anti‐invasion effects of 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol, two active components in ginger, on human hepatocarcinoma cells
Authors: Weng Chia‐Jui , Wu Cheng‐Feng , Huang Hsiao‐Wen , Ho Chi‐Tang , Yen Gow‐Chin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractScope: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of liver cancer and is highly metastatic. Metastasis is considered to be the major cause of death in cancer patients. Ginger is a natural dietary rhizome with anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐carcinogenic activities. The aims of this study were to evaluate the anti‐invasion activity of 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol, two compounds found in ginger, on hepatoma cells. Methods and results: The migratory and invasive abilities of phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐treated HepG2 and PMA‐untreated Hep3B cells were both reduced in a dose‐dependent manner by treatment with 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol. Upon incubation of PMA‐treated HepG2 cells and PMA‐untreated Hep3B cells with 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 activity decreased, whereas the expression of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase protein (TIMP)‐1 increased in both cell types. Additionally, urokinase‐type plasminogen activator activity was dose‐dependently decreased in Hep3B cells after incubation with 6‐shogaol for 24 h. Analysis with semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR showed that the regulation of MMP‐9 by 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol and the regulation of TIMP‐1 by 6‐shogaol in Hep3B cells may on the transcriptional level. Conclusions: These results suggest that 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol might both exert anti‐invasive activity against hepatoma cells through regulation of MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 and that 6‐shogaol could further regulate urokinase‐type plasminogen activity.
Shaping and timing gradient pulses to reduce MRI acoustic noise
Authors: Segbers Marcel , Rizzo Sierra Carlos V. , Duifhuis Hendrikus , Hoogduin Johannes M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA method to reduce the acoustic noise generated by gradient systems in MRI has been recently proposed; such a method is based on the linear response theory. Since the physical cause of MRI acoustic noise is the time derivative of the gradient current, a common trapezoid current shape produces an acoustic gradient coil response mainly during the rising and falling edge. In the falling edge, the coil acoustic response presents a 180° phase difference compared to the rising edge. Therefore, by varying the width of the trapezoid and keeping the ramps constant, it is possible to suppress one selected frequency and its higher harmonics. This value is matched to one of the prominent resonance frequencies of the gradient coil system. The idea of cancelling a single frequency is extended to a second frequency, using two successive trapezoid‐shaped pulses presented at a selected interval. Overall sound pressure level reduction of 6 and 10 dB is found for the two trapezoid shapes and a single pulse shape, respectively. The acoustically optimized pulse shape proposed is additionally tested in a simulated echo planar imaging readout train, obtaining a sound pressure level reduction of 12 dB for the best case. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nurse burnout and quality of care: Cross‐national investigation in six countries
Authors: Poghosyan Lusine , Clarke Sean P. , Finlayson Mary , Aiken Linda H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe explored the relationship between nurse burnout and ratings of quality of care in 53,846 nurses from six countries. In this secondary analysis, we used data from the International Hospital Outcomes Study; data were collected from 1998 to 2005. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and a single‐item reflecting nurse‐rated quality of care were used in multiple logistic regression modeling to investigate the association between nurse burnout and nurse‐rated quality of care. Across countries, higher levels of burnout were associated with lower ratings of the quality of care independent of nurses' ratings of practice environments. These findings suggest that reducing nurse burnout may be an effective strategy for improving nurse‐rated quality of care in hospitals. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:288–298, 2010
The beginning breastfeeding survey: Measuring mothers' perceptions of breastfeeding effectiveness during the postpartum hospitalization
Authors: Mulder Pamela J. , Johnson Teresa S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNo current breastfeeding assessment tool assesses the mother's perception of breastfeeding effectiveness during the early postpartum. Psychometric analysis of a new tool, the Beginning Breastfeeding Survey (BBS), in a multi‐racial sample of 131 women revealed a coefficient alpha of .90. Factor analysis yielded three factors, (a) Maternal Breastfeeding Competence and Emotional Satisfaction, (b) Maternal Discomfort and Anxiety, and (c) Infant Breastfeeding Skill and Emotional Satisfaction. The BBS demonstrated discriminant validity in known group analyses and convergent validity with breastfeeding self‐efficacy and postpartum fatigue. Future research will focus on improving the internal consistency reliability of the BBS and examining its ability to identify women at risk for breastfeeding problems during the postpartum hospitalization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:329–344, 2010