bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependent Absorption Cross‐sections and Atmospheric Photolysis Rates of Nitric Acid
Authors: Rattigan O. , Lutman E. R. , Jones R. L. , Cox R. A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAbsorption cross‐sections for HNO3 have been measured in the wavelength region 220–340 nm, using a dual‐beam diode array spectrometer, with a spectral resolution of 0.3 nm. The results at room temperature were in good agreement with earlier measurements. Absorption over most of the wavelength range showed a distinct temperature dependence, with a decline in cross‐section with decreasing temperature in the range 295–239 K. The results lead to quite large effects on the calculated photodissociation rate of HNO3 in the lower stratosphere, especially at the low temperatures and high solar zenith angles characteristic of the polar winter and spring.
Heterogeneous Photochemical Sources of Atomic Cl in the Troposphere
Authors: Zetzsch C. , Behnke W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe reaction of N2O5 with wet NaCl aerosol is observed to produce ClNO2 at high yields. The sticking coefficient of N2O5 on NaCl aerosol is determined in a smog chamber (in an inserted teflon bag) at 292 K, and the rate constant for the consecutive chemical reaction leading to formation of ClNO2 is determined at various relative humidities between 71 and 92%. A preliminary evaluation of the experiments yields a sticking coefficient of 0.03(−0,01+0,02), similar to that reported for pure water droplets. At the deliquescence point of NaCl, ∼ 50% of the collisions lead to the formation of ClNO2. This portion decreases slightly with increasing humidity (i.e. liquid water content of the NaCl aerosol). The process is expected to be an efficient sink of N2O5 in the troposphere. Model calculations indicate a significant contribution of atomic Cl to global marine tropospheric chemistry at higher latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Phosgene, chloroacetone, and 1,1‐dichloroacetone are observed as products from a heterogeneous chlorination in the aerosol smog chamber.
Dy3+‐activated NaM4 (VO4)3 (M = Ca, Ba, Sr) phosphor for near‐UV solid‐state lighting
Authors: Singh Roshani , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTWe report the photoluminescence characterization of Dy3+‐activated NaM4(VO4)3 (M = Ca, Ba, Sr) phosphors prepared by a solid‐state method. The synthesis was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization and photoluminescence (PL) emission results showed sharp blue and yellow bands for NaM4(VO4)3 (M = Ca, Ba, Sr):Dy3+ phosphors at the excitation wavelength of 323 nm, which is near‐UV excitation. Thus, these phosphors could be applicable for near‐UV excited solid‐state lighting devices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Marking” the nitrogen atoms of phenyl‐(2‐pyridyl)‐(3‐pyridyl)‐(4‐pyridyl)‐methane. Synthesis and absolute configuration of the corresponding tris(pyridine N‐oxide)
Authors: Matsumoto Kouzou , Miki Kaori , Inagaki Takuya , Nehira Tatsuo , Pescitelli Gennaro , Hirao Yasukazu , Kurata Hiroyuki , Kawase Takeshi , Kubo Takashi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo “mark” the nitrogen atoms in phenyl‐(2‐pyridyl)‐(3‐pyridyl)‐(4‐pyridyl)methane (1), we have synthesized the corresponding tris(pyridine N‐oxide) 2 by oxidation of 1 with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid. The nitrogen atoms of 2 are unequivocally determined by the X‐ray crystal analysis of a single crystal of rac-2 whereas the nitrogen atoms cannot be assigned at all in the case of rac-1. N‐Oxide 2 can be resolved by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography under similar conditions to those used for the resolution of 1. The calculated circular dichroism (CD) curve for (R)-1 on the basis of time‐dependent density functional theory reproduces the experimental spectra very well to suggest that the second‐eluted fraction ([CD(+)283]‐2) is the R isomer, namely (R)‐[CD(+)283]‐2. The independent absolute configuration determinations for 1 and 2 are in keeping with the chemical correlation between the two compounds by oxidation of (R)-2 into (R)-1. Chirality 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stability of CVD‐Produced Polymer Thin Films
Authors: Senkevich Jay J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis research news is presented to help researchers with their development of CVD‐produced polymer thin films, but could also be utilized for thicker coatings and for liquid‐deposited thin films. This arises from the observation that many CVD researchers deposit polymer thin films, and then use them without any additional insight gained into their stability. The stability of the polymer thin film, however, is paramount for their use, not only at elevated temperatures, but also at room temperature, since even at room temperature polymers can leach out impurities causing, for example, a biological immune response.
Adult granulosa cell tumor presenting as metastases to the pleural and peritoneal cavity
Authors: Gupta Nalini , Rajwanshi Arvind , Dey Pranab , Suri Vanita 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOvarian tumors of sex‐cord stromal derivation rarely exfoliate malignant cells in serous effusions. Adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) often presents as a stage I disease and association with ascites is about 10%. AGCT is rarely known to exfoliate tumor cells in the ascitic fluid. Exfoliation of malignant cells in the pleural fluid is rarer and has not been described previously in literature to the best of our knowledge. We report a case of AGCT presenting as stage IV disease with exfoliation of malignant cells in the pleural and ascitic fluid with exudative effusions. We wish to emphasize on cytomorphologic features of AGCT to differentiate the same from malignant epithelial tumors. A precise diagnosis in such a case may be possible on serous body fluid cytology with a combined clinical and cytopathologic approach. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The functions of maternal Dishevelled 2 and 3 in the Early Xenopus embryo
Authors: Tadjuidje Emmanuel , Cha Sang‐Wook , Louza Mariana , Wylie Christopher , Heasman Janet 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOf the three Dishevelled (Dvl) genes, only Dvl2 and Dvl3 are maternally encoded in the frog, Xenopus laevis. We show here by loss of function analysis that single depletion of either Dvl2 or Dvl3 from the oocyte causes the same embryonic phenotype. We find that the effects of loss of function of Dvl2 and 3 together are additive, and that the proteins physically interact, suggesting that both are required in the same complex. We show that maternal Dvl2 and 3 are required for convergence extension movements downstream of the dorsally localized signaling pathway activated by Xnr3, but not downstream of the pathway activated by activin. Also, depletion of maternal Dvl2 and 3 mRNAs causes the up‐regulation of a subset of zygotic ectodermal genes, including Foxi1e, with surprisingly no significant effect on the canonical Wnt direct target genes Siamois and Xnr3. We suggest that the likely reason for continued expression of the Wnt target genes in Dvl2/3‐depleted embryos is that maternal Dvl mRNA depletion is insufficient to deplete stored punctae of Dvl protein in the oocyte cortex, which may transduce dorsal signaling after fertilization. Developmental Dynamics 240:1727–1736, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Antiproliferative 9‐Aminoacridines
Authors: Gellerman Gary , Waintraub Sagiv , Albeck Amnon , Gaisin Vladimir 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHighly efficient one‐pot syntheses of antiproliferative 9‐aminoacridine (9‐AA) derivatives are described. Simple SNAr and addition/elimination reactions, using readily accessible starting materials, give a fast entry to novel 9‐(pyridylamino)acridines, 9‐(pyrimidinylamino)acridines and potential “dual‐function” bioreductive 9‐(acridinylamino)quinone intercalators. The synthetic routes reported in this work are general and readily applicable, significantly expanding the range and scope of potential 9‐AA anticancer candidates.
Equity volatility, bond yields, and yield spreads
Authors: Jubinski Daniel , Lipton Amy F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study examines the impact of implied and contemporaneous equity market volatility on Treasury yields, corporate bond yields, and yield spreads over Treasuries. The CBOE VIX is the measure of implied volatility, and the measure of contemporaneous volatility is constructed using intraday squared S&P 500 returns. We find that bond yields and spreads respond to changes in equity market volatility in a manner consistent with a flight‐to‐quality effect. Both short‐ and long‐term Treasury yields fall in response to increases in implied volatility, and the yield curve flattens modestly. Yields on short‐term investment grade bonds fall in response to contemporaneous volatility shocks, while long‐term spreads on low‐quality issues widen. This indicates that investors “look ahead” in anticipation of changes in equity market volatility but respond more strongly to changes in contemporaneous market activity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Subtle cognitive impairment in elders with Mini‐Mental State Examination scores within the ‘normal’ range
Authors: Friedman Timothy W. , Yelland Gregory W. , Robinson Stephen R. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) is commonly used as a screening test for dementia, yet MMSE scores above the cut‐off for dementia (24–30) are widely thought to have limited utility, particularly in older persons. The study investigates whether scores within this range can be indicative of pre‐symptomatic levels of cognitive impairment.MethodsNinety‐six community‐dwelling older persons aged 62–89 years (mean = 75.2 years), who had obtained MMSE scores between 25 and 30, were tested on the computer‐based Subtle Cognitive Impairment Test (SCIT).ResultsCompared with individuals who obtained a perfect score of 30 on the MMSE, individuals with scores of 28–29 made more errors on the SCIT, whereas those with scores of 25–27 on the MMSE made the most errors on the SCIT (F(2,94) = 9.84, p < 0.01). Individuals who made errors in the language (r(94) = −0.47, p < 0.01), attention (r(94) = 0.24, p < 0.05) and visual construction (r(94) = −0.27, p < 0.01) subtests of the MMSE were more likely to display impaired SCIT performance.ConclusionsThe pattern of performance on the SCIT varied in a systematic way, depending on the MMSE subtest in which the errors were made, raising the possibility that there may be different subtypes of subtle cognitive impairment within the ostensibly normal population of older persons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying change in individual subjects affected by frontotemporal lobar degeneration using automated longitudinal MRI volumetry
Authors: Frings Lars , Mader Irina , Landwehrmeyer Bernhard G. , Weiller Cornelius , Hüll Michael , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel method of automated MRI volumetry was used to study regional atrophy and disease progression in repeated MRI measurements of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Fifty‐nine structural MRI data sets of 17 clinically diagnosed FTLD patients were acquired over up to 30 months in intervals of 6 months and compared with data of 30 age‐matched healthy controls. Patients were further subgrouped into behavioral variant FTLD (bvFTLD), progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), and semantic dementia (SemD). Gray matter (GM) volumes of frontal lobes (FL) and temporal lobes (TL) were determined by voxel‐based volumetry based on SPM5 algorithms and a probabilistic brain atlas. MRI volumetry revealed frontal and temporal GM atrophy across FTLD patients, with further progression over time. Significant side asymmetry of TL volumes was found in SemD. The ratio of TL to FL volumes was significantly reduced in SemD and increased in bvFTLD. Using this ratio, 6/7 SemD patients and 5/6 bvFTLD patients could be correctly differentiated. TL/FL ratios in bvFTLD and SemD further diverged significantly over a time span of only 6 months. Rates of temporal GM loss per 6 months were 3–4% in SemD, and 2.5% for frontal GM loss in bvFTLD, and thereby clearly exceeded published cerebral volume loss in healthy elderly subjects. The study presents a fully automated, observer‐independent volumetric assessment of regional atrophy which allows differentiation of FTLD subgroups. Its sensitivity for atrophy progression—even in such short intervals like 6 months—might benefit future clinical trials as treatment outcome measure. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coupling electrophysiological and hemodynamic responses to errors
Authors: Doñamayor Nuria , Heilbronner Urs , Münte Thomas F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPerformance errors are associated with distinct electrophysiological and hemodynamic signatures: a fronto‐central error‐related negativity (ERN) is seen in the event‐related potentials and a network of activations including medio‐frontal, parietal, and insular cortex is revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize the relationship between the electrophysiological and hemodynamic responses to errors. Participants performed a modified Flanker task. When analyzed independently, we found the ERN and hemodynamic activations in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule. fMRI‐informed dipole modeling and joint independent component analysis (ICA) were used to couple electrophysiological and hemodynamic data. Both techniques revealed a temporal evolution of the areas found in the fMRI analysis, with the right hemisphere activations peaking before the left hemisphere. However, joint ICA added information, revealing a number of cortical and subcortical areas that had not been shown with parametric mapping. This technique also uncovered how these areas evolve over time. All together, these analyses provide a more detailed picture of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the processing of performance errors. Hum Brain Mapp 33:1621–1633, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oscillatory correlates of controlled speed‐accuracy tradeoff in a response‐conflict task
Authors: Pastötter Bernhard , Berchtold Franziska , Bäuml Karl‐Heinz T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn making decisions, people have to balance between the competing demands of speed and accuracy, a balance generally referred to as the speed‐accuracy tradeoff (SAT). In this study, we investigated the role of controlled SAT in a two‐choice task in which manual responses were either validly or invalidly cued. Examining electrophysiological measurements of oscillatory brain activity, theta power in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), alpha power in the occipital cortex, and beta power in the motor cortex were found to be related to SAT. Because oscillatory effects of SAT were found to emanate from the SAT baseline interval preceding the two‐choice task, the results indicate that SAT is modulated by a change of visuo‐motor baseline activities rather than a change of response threshold. Moreover, in the two‐choice task, conflict‐induced theta power in the ACC was found to be more pronounced in speed than in accuracy trials, whereas priming‐related beta power dynamics in the motor cortex were unaffected by SAT. These results indicate that conflict processing, but not response priming, depends on SAT. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Brain activation for language dual‐tasking: Listening to two people speak at the same time and a change in network timing
Authors: Buchweitz Augusto , Keller Timothy A. , Meyler Ann , Just Marcel Adam 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe study used fMRI to investigate brain activation in participants who were able to listen to and successfully comprehend two people speaking at the same time (dual‐tasking). The study identified brain mechanisms associated with high‐level, concurrent dual‐tasking, as compared with comprehending a single message. Results showed an increase in the functional connectivity among areas of the language network in the dual task. The increase in synchronization of brain activation for dual‐tasking was brought about primarily by a change in the timing of left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) activation relative to posterior temporal activation, bringing the LIFG activation into closer correspondence with temporal activation. The results show that the change in LIFG timing was greater in participants with lower working memory capacity, and that recruitment of additional activation in the dual‐task occurred only in the areas adjacent to the language network that was activated in the single task. The shift in LIFG activation may be a brain marker of how the brain adapts to high‐level dual‐tasking. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Response compensation of fine‐wire thermocouples and its application to multidimensional measurement of a fluctuating temperature field
Authors: Tagawa Masato , Kaifuku Kazuhide , Houra Tomoya , Yamagami Yosuke , Kato Kenji 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel sensor technique is proposed to visualize readily the spatiotemporal behavior of a fluctuating temperature field of air flow. Two temperature probes were fabricated: a rod‐type probe consisting of 24 two‐thermocouple sensors set in line, and a plane‐type probe with 64 two‐thermocouple sensors arrayed on a two‐dimensional grid (8 × 8 points). Each two‐thermocouple sensor used in these probes was composed of two fine‐wire thermocouples (type K) of unequal diameters of 25 and 51 μm, respectively. An adaptive response‐compensation scheme was applied to accurately reconstruct rapidly‐changing airflow temperatures. The plane‐type probe enables visualization of fluctuating temperature fields of an artificially disturbed hot‐air jet and of the adequate capture of spatiotemporal behavior of a rapid circular motion of a hot‐air jet blown out from a hair dryer. A time‐constant estimation scheme was proposed to estimate instantaneous time‐constants which serve as a basis for a real‐time response compensation technique for multidimensional temperature measurement. In addition, by scanning a temperature field with the rod‐type probe, the temperature distribution can be reconstructed in one‐dimensional space and time. This quasi two‐dimensional visualization can become a prototype of a “scanner” for fluid temperature fields. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20355
Quantification of protein immobilization on substrates for cellular microarray applications
Authors: Rodríguez‐Seguí Santiago A. , Pons Ximénez José Ignacio , Sevilla Lídia , Ruiz Ana , Colpo Pascal , Rossi François , Martínez Elena , Samitier Josep 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCellular microarray developments and its applications are the next step after DNA and protein microarrays. The choice of the surface chemistry of the substrates used for the implementation of this technique, that must favor proper protein immobilization while avoiding cell adhesion on the nonspotted areas, presents a complex challenge. This is a key issue since usually the best nonfouling surfaces are also the ones that retain immobilized the smallest amounts of printed protein. To quantitatively assess the amount of protein immobilization, in this study several combinations of fluorescently labeled fibronectin (Fn*) and streptavidin (SA*) were microspotted, with and without glycerol addition in the printing buffer, on several substrates suitable for cellular microarrays. The substrates assayed included chemically activated surfaces as well as Poly ethylene oxide (PEO) films that are nonfouling in solution but accept adhesion of proteins in dry conditions. The results showed that the spotted Fn* was retained by all the surfaces, although the PEO surface did show smaller amounts of immobilization. The SA*, on the other hand, was only retained by the chemically activated surfaces. The inclusion of glycerol in the printing buffer significantly reduced the immobilization of both proteins. The results presented in this article provide quantitative evidence of the convenience of using a chemically activated surface to immobilize proteins relevant for cellular microarray applications, particularly when ECM proteins are cospotted with smaller factors which are more difficult to be retained by the surfaces. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011.
Hydroxyapatite scaffolds infiltrated with thermally crosslinked polycaprolactone fumarate and polycaprolactone itaconate
Authors: Sharifi Shahriar , Shafieyan Yousef , Mirzadeh Hamid , Bagheri‐Khoulenjani Shadab , Rabiee Sayed Mahmood , Imani Mohammad , Atai Mohammad , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Hatampoor Ali 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this work, two unsaturated derivatives of polycaprolactone (PCL), polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF), and polycaprolactone itaconate (PCLI), have been synthesized and used as an infiltrating polymer to improve the mechanical properties of brittle hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds. PCLF and PCLI were first synthesized through polyesterification of the low molecular weight PCL diols with fumaryl chloride and itaconyl chloride respectively, and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. HA scaffolds were sintered using a foam replication technique, with porosity of about 60%. Polymer‐HA composites were obtained by infiltrating the HA scaffolds with PCLF and PCLI solution (12.5 and 30 w/v in dichloromethane) followed by thermal crosslinking. The polymer infiltrated HA scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, porosimetry, and gravimetrical analysis. The polyesterification reaction of PCL diols with fumarate chloride was more efficient than itaconyl chloride and dependent upon the molecular weight of the initial PCL precursor; the resultant PCLF demonstrated a degree of substitution of 1.2, 4.2, and 2.7 times higher than PCLIs. Polymer infiltration improved the compressive strength of the HA scaffolds, and based upon the type of macromer (PCLF or PCLI) and also their concentration in infiltrating solution (12.5 or 30 w/v %) compressive strength increased about 14–328%. In all studied samples, the reinforcement effect of PCLF infiltration was higher than PCLI. The macromers and their corresponding infiltrated HA scaffolds did not show any significant cytotoxicity toward human primary osteogenic sarcoma cell (G92 cell lines), in vitro. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011.
Compositional control of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel modulus independent of mesh size
Authors: Browning M. B. , Wilems T. , Hahn M. , Cosgriff‐Hernandez E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels are of great interest in tissue engineering because of their established biocompatibility, high permeability, and tunable material properties. However, rational design of PEG hydrogel scaffold properties has been inhibited by the interdependence of key material properties such as modulus and mesh size. This study examined the effect of an acrylated 4‐arm PEG cross‐linker on gel modulus and mesh size as a means of inducing local increases in cross‐link density to decouple these two parameters. It was determined that adding the 4‐arm PEG cross‐linker to PEG hydrogels resulted in statistically significant increases in both tensile and compressive modulus while having minimal effects on overall gel mesh size. The incorporation of the 4‐arm PEG cross‐linker also broadened the range of achievable mechanical properties. This study provides the methodology to independently tune PEG hydrogel modulus and mesh size, which may be utilized in future investigations of the individual and combined effects of PEG hydrogel modulus and mesh size on cell behavior and viability. It also presents a more finely tunable hydrogel scaffold with utility in a broad range of tissue engineering applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011.