bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rainfall projection using CIMP6 models of extreme area in Johor
Authors: Hamid H , Rahmat S N , Kasmin H , Tukimat N N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the impact of climate change on rainfall patterns, particularly extreme intensity, in Johor, Malaysia. The study focuses on addressing uncertainties in climate change projections by selecting suitable Global Climate Models (GCMs) based on location and topography. Four CMIP6 models (GFDL-ESM4, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6, and MRI-ESM2-0) were chosen for analysis. The research employs statistical downscaling, using historical observed data (1988-2020) and GCM output data, with a bias correction through linear scaling. The performance of the GCMs is assessed using various metrics including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Percentage of Bias (Pbias), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). The IPSL-CM6A model is identified as the most suitable for rainfall projection in Johor. Under the severe climate scenario (SSP5-8.5), the analysis indicates increasing rainfall intensity in January from 2025 to 2054, notably at the Pusat Pertanian Endau station with a significant 50% increment. However, for the projected period 2055 to 2084, most stations experience a decrease in rainfall from January to June, with the Ladang Sg. Plentong station showing the largest reduction of about 40% in January. Conversely, the latter half of the year shows increased rainfall for all stations. The Mann-Kendall Test method highlights a significant decreasing trend in rainfall across all stations from 2025 to 2084 under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. This suggests that without mitigation efforts, the area will likely experience decreasing rainfall intensity due to the effects of climate change.
Application of Fish-Integrity Biological Index and Water Quality Index to Assess the Ecological Health of the Pahang River, Malaysia
Authors: Adnan M S , Abdul Rashid Z , Shimatani Y , Razi MAM , Lopa R T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The development along the river has tremendously affected the ecological health of the river environment, where the changes and disturbance of the environment could lead to deterioration of water quality and habitat destruction. This study aimed to assess the ecological health of the Pahang River through the integration of the Fish-Base Index (FBI) and Water Quality Index (WQI). The fish community, habitat conditions, and water quality survey were conducted monthly from 2007 until July 2010 at twenty-one (21) sampling sites. There are four (4) related fish characteristics were used to calculate the fish index: (i) species richness and composition, (ii) trophic composition, (iii) habitat and spawning area, (iv) fish health and abundance, and eight (8) water quality parameters were measured and used to compute WQI. Based on the survey result, most of the sampled fish species are native to the Pahang River, with the cyprinid family as the dominant species. The water column species have decreased from upstream to downstream, while the demersal and/or benthic species have shown an increasing pattern toward the downstream area. The IBI result indicates that the value is high in the upstream area, followed by the downstream and middle stream area. The IBI result is consistent with the WQI results that clearly state the WQI is higher at the upstream and lowest at the middle stream area. Human activities were identified as one factor that reduced the biotic composition and water quality in certain areas, especially KM3. In contrast, extensive human activities such as logging, land use changes, wastewater discharge, agriculture, and aquaculture activities were recognized as the main pollution sources in the middle and downstream areas. The F-IBI and WQI results clearly show a positive correlation between increasing human activities and perturbation. The integration of these indices can offer a more accurate and safer evaluation of the ecological health of a river. Therefore, the combination of the fish base index and water quality index is a valuable tool for assessing the ecological health of a river, and its integration can provide a more reliable and comprehensive ecological assessment.
Exploring lift car defects: An examination of common defects and the possible causes
Authors: Mustafa S N A M , Sabri N S M , Ishak N M , Rosni N N M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The maintenance of a lift system, which is a highly specialized machinery, requires professionals with a wide range of knowledge in the mechanical maintenance area. While obtaining accurate information about lift malfunction has grown difficult, this study has filled the gap by compiling management-maintenance problems and operational lift system defects. The general objective of the study is to identify the maintainability issues of lift systems. Firstly, interviews with the industry experts- six (6) Facility Managers and two (2) Lift Supplier Personnel were conducted to identify the system operation defects and management issues. The data collected from the interview comprising the system operation defects were then tabulated in a defect library whereby the explanation of the defects was discussed, and the possible causes of the defects. With regard to identify the key challenges in maintaining the lift system, the prime factor that drives a challenge in maintaining the lift system is the deficiency of knowledge and skills among the lift technicians that were sent to do servicing work. In conjunction, the respondents agreed that conducting training with the purpose of improving skills and knowledge and providing a comprehensive maintainability scoring system will be effective in improving the maintainability of the lift system. Finally, responding to the prime challenges mentioned above, by providing a comprehensive explanation of the lift system’s defects, this research paper has theoretically improved the knowledge base on the maintainability of the lift system.
Comprehensive multi-objective optimization of external window design for energy-efficient and comfortable buildings
Authors: Wei G M , Li M H , Liu S S , Zhang L K , Zhang Z R 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of external window design parameters on air-conditioning energy consumption, daylighting and ventilation in an apartment building in Guangxi, China. In order to achieve a harmonious balance between energy consumption, interior daylight and ventilation, L16(45) orthogonal experimental design (OED) were selected. The results show that the width (B) is the most important factor in determining the comprehensive performance, followed by the material (A), height (C) and bottom height (D) of the external window. Based on empirical tests, the optimal design parameter combination emerged as A2B1C3D4 (Heat aluminum window frame and Low-E hollow glass, 1200mm×1500mm×700mm), which effectively meet low energy consumption, favourable daylighting and ventilation effects simultaneously. These evaluation results provide valuable reference for exterior window design in the context of Guangxi.
Risk evaluation of health and safety procedures in oil refinery and onshore pipeline construction projects: structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Waqar A , Shafiq N , Othman I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Health and safety are important for large-scale building projects, as most worker incidents happen in complex buildings. Oil refinery and onshore pipeline building projects are complex, large-scale projects with a prominent history of work safety accidents and even deaths. Various risk factors exist that negatively influence the health and safety of workers in oil refineries along with pipeline development projects. Using petroleum products building operations in Malaysia as a case study, this paper identifies important risk factors affecting project safety to present suggestions for reducing risks. This research aims to identify common risk variables and how they affect gas and oil infrastructure project operations. Using quantitative research methodology and analysis approach consisting of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), a risk-management framework for gas and oil building is developed, showing the possible hazards of building an inland pipeline and an oil company. This work adds to current efforts to enhance health and safety results in the construction industry and offers a solid foundation for future research in this area.
A Comprehensive Review of Studies Focusing on the Intersection of Urban Flooding and Historic Urban Landscapes
Authors: Su Jin , Wang Mo , Razi Mohd Adib Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to evolving climate patterns and the deterioration of infrastructure in historic cities, these urban locales confront escalating flood-related risks. A profusion of academic discourse has separately explored the subjects of urban flooding and historic urban landscapes, but an integrative, systematic review of both areas concurrently remains scarce. This review presents a holistic perspective of the convergence between urban flooding and historic urban landscapes, meticulously evaluating 101 scholarly articles sourced from the Web of Science database spanning from 2006 to 2022. The disciplinary classification encompasses 24 categories. A careful examination of the methodologies employed in these articles reveals flood vulnerability mapping as a prevalent tool in urban heritage conservation, while nature-based solutions emerge as potent strategies for mitigating urban flooding challenges. The insights derived from this review shed light on the present state of affairs regarding urban flooding risks in historic cities, and provide a wealth of information beneficial to decision-makers and practitioners engaged in urban stormwater management.
Developing a conceptual framework of building maintenance driving factors for effective heritage building maintenance programme in Malaysia
Authors: Syed Mohamad S B H , Rahman M A A , Suratkon A , Deraman R , Zakaria M N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this research concept paper is to explain the initial development process of a proposed conceptual framework of building maintenance driving factors for an effective heritage building maintenance programme. The maintenance programme is the most important phase in arranging the building maintenance management process. The heritage building value always will decrease within a period of time. If the relevant maintenance procedure fails to detect the root causes of building deterioration, it will have a significant impact on the durability and strength of heritage buildings. This research is initiated in order to search further on the significant effective maintenance driving factors. The maintenance driving factors will be the indicators in filling the gap for improving the heritage building maintenance programme and comprehensive heritage maintenance framework. The aim of this research is to develop a comprehensive framework that depict the significant driving factors of the effective building maintenance programme for a heritage building in Malaysia. The research objectives are to investigate the significant driving factors which are involved in the maintenance programme and to examine the significant connection between the driving factors in developing an effective maintenance programme for heritage buildings in Malaysia. The relevant research data collection has been obtained by conducting expert opinion interviews and findings from literature reviews. Several factors have been identified as the enablers of the effective heritage building maintenance programme, and clustered into 4 main factors (Human Factor; Management Factor; Organisational Factor, and Technology Factor). In conclusion, the research will be able to give significant findings regarding the driving factors involved in the development of a conceptual framework for an effective heritage building maintenance programme.
A Review on Dominant Factors of Project Manager Competency in Various Implementations for the Construction Industry
Authors: Rustam Adriadi , Yasin Mohd Norazam , Zainuddin Mairizal , Yusoff Khairul Nizam , Kamil Nurul Atiqah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In carrying out construction projects, the competence of a project manager is always debated by civil engineering practitioners, because the project manager is very important and a key factor in achieving successful project implementation. Therefore, a project manager must have the appropriate competencies to lead the implementation of construction projects. Existing competency research has been identified from various global competency sources, such as IPMA Competency Base Line (ICB), APM Competency Framework (ACF), and Project Management Competency Development (PMCD). When looking at it as a whole, their competencies have a lot in common with the competencies in PMCD. There are three main groups of PMCD competencies namely: Knowledge Competence, Technical Competence, and Personal Competence. This research examines previous research articles related to project manager competencies for successful projects. This research was randomized to global research since 5 years ago, starting from 2018 to 2022. This paper reviews the competencies strictly to determine the dominant project manager competencies that are widely used in the implementation of construction projects. This research examines and determines the appropriate factors sequentially in the three competency groups for project success. This study produces the most dominant competency factors and is widely used by project managers to be successful in handling construction projects.
Instrumented pile load tests in limestones and granite formations - case studies with optical fibre strain sensors
Authors: Mohamad H , Beddelee A A A M , Tee B P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In instrumented pile load tests, obtaining a reliable strain profile is crucial to interpret the load-transfer behaviour of the test pile. For conventional instrumented pile load tests, an extensive quantity of point-based sensors such as vibrating wire strain gauges and tell-tale extensometers were installed to measure strains and pile deformation especially when the test pile is long and with large variation in soil stratum. The advancement of distributed fibre optic sensor (DFOS) technology, has significantly improved the conventional instrumented pile load test method. DOFS based on Brillion Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) is a novel technique for measuring strains in a continuous manner that outweighs the conventional point-based sensors. A full continuous pile length strain profile minimised misinterpretation of the load-transfer and mobilised shaft friction of the test pile, especially the cast-in-situ pile. This paper discusses two case studies of instrumented pile load tests performed using BOTDA technology for the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transport (KVMRT) project found in limestones and granite formations. The interpreted results in terms of load transfer response, average unit shaft resistance, and elastic shortening of rock socketing piles are in exceptional agreement with conventional instrumentations such as Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges (VWSG) and Linear Variable Displacement Transducers (LVDT) at 6% difference. The maximum unit shaft friction acquired in the granitic layer was about 2,200 to 2,500 kN/m2 whereas the pile founded in limestones achieved maximum unit shaft friction of 1,800 to 1,900 kN/m2.
Campus walkability: enhancing pedestrian safety through installation of raised crosswalks
Authors: Mohd Noor Azmi A E , Daniel B D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Walking is one of the most common sustainable modes of transportation in university campuses. To ensure its sustainability, pedestrian facilities that are safe, comfortable and reliable must be adequately provided. Various traffic calming measures have been introduced to enhance the safety of pedestrians. In Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 6 raised crosswalks (RCW) have been installed along Persiaran Tun Ghafar Baba. This study aimed to investigate the impact of RCWs on vehicular speed reduction. Speed data were collected at each RCW. Vehicle speeds were recorded before, at and after the RCWs. Speed profiles developed indicate that the 85th percentile speed difference of RCWs were 14 – 25 km/h, which meant that the percentage of speed reduction at RCWs were remarkably high (31 – 48% reduction). Statistical tests confirmed that all RCWs yielded significant drops in speed i.e., the peak mean travelling speed versus the operational speed at the device. Furthermore, it was found that the zones of influence were between 29 – 50 m. This shows that drivers start reducing their speeds from as far as 50 m from the RCWs. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that raised crosswalks are effective in reducing speed, thus enhancing pedestrian safety while crossing as drivers tend to be more aware of their surroundings at lower speeds.
Geobamtile to Support Road Embankment Over Deep Soft Ground
Authors: Mokhtar N , Low K S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Road surface profile failure is often a major issue for roads. This paper presents a way of providing support beneath the road embankment between the over-deep soft ground which is referred to as “Geobamtile.” It is designed and constructed to prevent failure due to the type of subsoil that accommodates the entire structure of the road itself. The construction of roads, whether new roads or upgrading existing roadways is bound to the alignment and might be allocated on problematic land that needs appropriate treatment before any structures can be built. A way of providing geobamtile is being studied and developed in Malaysia and has made it possible to safely build road embankments over extremely soft and deep sub grades areas without creating significant post-construction settlements. These useful advantages are made possible by the extraordinary tensile and bending capabilities of bamboo in bundles. The area and amount of buoyancy characteristic can be easily adjusted by the number of tiers of bamboo-geotextile set-up within the system during construction. The expected supporting load and amount of post-construction settlement can invariably be manipulated to some extent. In general, this green and sustainable invention design will have a positive social impact by providing significant financial benefits to rural and indigenous populations.
Assessment of permanent deformation on asphalt mixtures incorporating Forta-Fi fibre as additive material
Authors: Aman M Y , Musa N F A A , Bujang H , Shahadan Z , Taher M N M , Rohani M D , Danial D B , Arumugam T N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An increasing number of load applications has caused permanent deformation that leading to longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths and small upheavals at the sides and subsequently effects the ride quality for road users. To address this issue, modifying asphalt mixtures using Forta-Fi fibre was introduced. This paper focuses to assess the permanent deformation and resistance to rutting of the asphalt mixtures containing Forta-Fi fibre. In this study, the influence of Forta-Fi fibre on asphalt mixtures was investigated by incorporating four different percentages of the fiber (0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%). The asphalt mixtures were prepared using a conventional bitumen 60/70 penetration grade as the base binder. Compacted specimens were subjected to dynamic creep testing with deviator stress levels of 207 kPa and 500 kPa, performed over 3600 cycles at a 60°C. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of 0.3% Forta-Fi fiber in asphalt mixtures tested under deviator stress loads of 207 kPa and 500 kPa increased the creep stiffness by 26.1% and 43.1%, while the permanent deformation decreased by 18.4% and 43.8% compared to specimens without the Forta-Fi fibre. Additionally, the rutting values showed a reduction of 12.2% and 24.3% in the respective stress conditions. In contrast, an excessive percentage of Forta-Fi fibre was added, the creep stiffness exhibit reduce as increases permanent deformation and potential to rutting. This outcome is attributed to the impact of fibre components on the elastic behavior of the mixtures. In conclusion, the inclusion of 0.3% Forta-Fi fibre in the specimens resulted in improved resistance to rutting and overall better performance compared to conventional mixtures.
Carbon monoxide emission and eco-driving for freight sustainability
Authors: Ruslan H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) indirectly causes climate change because it affects the abundance of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Carbon monoxide is formed because of incomplete combustion in diesel engines. The fate of CO towards achieving freight transportation sustainability is presented. Firstly, the pollutant (CO) emitted by diesel engines from freight vehicles was determined from field studies using the tailpipe emission technique. The effect of the behavioural approach, eco-driving, was also observed for the 304 km trip demonstrated by the drivers of the 40-footer truck. Eco-driving has many advantages, including emitting less CO, saving in fuels, and reducing accidents and traffic summons. Secondly, for freight sustainability, CO should be further reduced by adhering to Euro standards of the European Union for heavy-duty vehicles, which states that the emission should be 1.5 g/kWh. Thirdly, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), which converts CO to CO2, is an option that can be used. Then fourthly, the decarbonisation of transport using heavy electric trucks also shows some promise, although they are best for moving goods for a short distance. Finally, an efficient logistics system with optimal solutions adopting several measures is suggested for sustainability. These include ‘Hub-Spokes’ distribution, a polarised fleet, expanded delivery windows and last-mile delivery. Thus, these five steps help decarbonise the transport sector and consequently accelerate the zero carbon emission transition.
Chemical characterization of asphalt binder containing palm oil mill sludge
Authors: Norazni N S A , Kamaruddin N H M , Yunus K N M , Poharan A , Azahar W N A W 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModification of asphalt binder is continuously explored due to its escalating cost and increasing demand for this non-renewable material. As an alternative, the potential of waste materials was assessed for use as a modifier in asphalt binder. This study focuses on investigating the physical properties of unmodified and modified asphalt binders, with a specific emphasis on the chemical properties of palm oil mill sludge (POMS) modified asphalt binder. In this investigation, the control sample employed was PEN 60/70, while the POMS content ranged from 0% to 5% with an increment of 1%. Penetration and softening point tests were conducted on the POMS-modified binder, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were conducted to assess the chemical properties of both un-aged and short-term aged asphalt binders. The results revealed that the addition of POMS modified the asphalt binder by inducing a softening effect proportional to the percentage of POMS. The aging process was found to be significantly delayed in the POMS-modified binder with increasing POMS content.