bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory and bone regulators expression in murine macrophages under exposure of commercial and experimental mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Pereda G Obando , Fudinaga AC Cornejo , Beltrán H Salas , Peroni LA , Stach‐Machado D 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used in a variety of surgical and non‐surgical endodontic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression and protein production of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6, as well as the gene expression of RANKL and OPG using both commercial and experimental MTA in macrophage cell cultures.Methods:  Peritoneal macrophage cell culture was performed. Viability, gene expression of cytokines, RANKL and OPG, and protein levels in experimental‐ and commercial‐grey MTA co‐cultured with peritoneal macrophages was determined by tryptan blue, real time PCR and ELISA.Results:  The expression of TNF‐α for both commercial and experimental MTA was higher, while the expression of IL‐1β and IL‐6 was similar when compared to the negative control. At protein expression level, no differences were observed between the negative control and cements. RANKL did not show a significant improvement in gene expression when compared with the negative control, but OPG expression in cement samples was higher when compared to the negative control.Conclusions:  This study suggests that commercial and experimental MTA promotes anti‐inflammatory processes, as well as bone healing capacity.
Understanding Why and How Some Chartered Accountants Object to the Proposed Merger of the Three Accounting Professions in Canada
Authors: Guo Ken H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study examines the objections of some chartered accountants (CAs) to the recently proposed merger of the three accounting professions in Canada. An exploratory content analysis was conducted to investigate CAs' discussions on the online forum set up by the three accounting bodies. The results suggest that CAs viewed themselves narrowly as: (1) someone who passed the Uniform Evaluation (UFE), (2) much different from or superior to certified management accountants (CMAs) and certified general accountants (CGAs), and (3) validated by third parties (such as international counterparts) and external factors (such as job market opportunities). As a result, the proposed merger was seen as a threat to their professional identities. CAs also perceived unfairness of the merger process and the leadership of their institute. These factors together were found to have influenced CAs' objections, which were manifested in multiple levels of resistant behavior toward different targets. Implications for practice are also discussed.
Unresolved Issues about the Proposed CPA Certification Program
Authors: Ryan Jo‐Anne , Lento Camillo , Sayed Naqi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article identifies some unresolved issues about the proposed CPA certification program, and the implications thereof. Accountants seeking professional certification in Canada currently have three educational routes: the Certified General Accountant (CGA) designation, the Certified Management Accountant (CMA) designation, or the Chartered Accountant (CA) designation. These programs offer aspiring professional accountants diversity and flexibility in selecting a program that meets their individual career and life situations. The potential merger of the CGA, CMA and CA professional bodies into a newly formed Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) will likely result in significant changes to the certification process for becoming a professional accountant in Canada. The three professional bodies have released a document outlining the proposed Canadian CPA certification program that would serve the unified profession and other stakeholders. If the proposed merger proceeds as planned, the CA, CGA, and CMA certification programs will be replaced by the CPA certification program. This article examines select features of the new proposed CPA program and highlights some issues that may be of concern to the public, students, academia and employers.
Reduced clearance of ε-acetamidocaproic acid in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate
Authors: Han Seung Yon , Yang Si Hyung , Yoon Insoo , Lee Myung Gull , Choi Young Hee 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Anti-ulcer drugs are frequently used in patients with acute renal failure (ARF). Zinc acexamate is ionized to zinc and ε-acetamidocaproic acid and free EACA exerts a potent therapeutic effect in treating gastric or duodenal ulcers with few side effects. Thus, pharmacokinetic changes in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate (U-ARF rats) were investigated in this study.

Methods
The in-vivo pharmacokinetics and in-vitro hepatic/intestinal metabolism of EACA were assessed using control and U-ARF rats. The mechanism of urinary excretion of EACA was further investigated in rats.

Key findings
After intravenous and oral administration of zinc acexamate to U-ARF rats, there were significant increases in the values of the area under the curve (AUC) and decreases in the values for time-averaged renal and nonrenal clearances (Clr and Clnr, respectively) compared with control rats. Slower Clnr was partly due to a decrease in the metabolism in liver and/or intestine. Slower Clr could have been due to urine flow rate-dependent timed-interval renal clearance, decrease in organic anion transporter-mediated renal excretion (drug interaction with probenecid and decrease in the relative contribution of net secretion compared with glomerular filtration in U-ARF rats) and/or impaired kidney function.

Conclusions
The pharmacokinetics were significantly altered in U-ARF rats due to the changes in both the hepatic/intestinal metabolism and urinary excretion.
Fluoroscopic exposure during percutaneous balloon compression of the Gasserian ganglion
Authors: Fransen Patrick 
Published: June 2012

AimThis prospective case–control study documents the level of radiation expected during percutaneous balloon compression of the Gasserian ganglion.MethodsPercutaneous balloon compression of the Gasserian ganglion is a minimally invasive treatment for trigeminal neuralgia resistant to medical treatment and an alternative to microvascular decompression. This operation requires the use of fluoroscopy to navigate the needle through the foramen ovale and to monitor balloon inflation and deflation. However, the level of radiation exposure for this technique has never been reported. Exposure data (fluoroscopy time in seconds and radiation dose in mGycm2) were collected during 17 procedures on 14 patients using the dose report provided by the digital interface of the fluoroscope.ResultsThe mean fluoroscopy time per patient was 62 s, ranging from 102.9 s to 44.9 s, and the mean radiation dose per patient was 1137.18 mGycm2, ranging from 1738 mGycm2to 639.5 mGycm2.ConclusionThis quantification of the dose and duration of radiation during percutaneous compression of the trigeminal ganglion shows that the amount of radiation required to perform this operation is significant and makes lead-coated protection clothing and careful use of the fluoroscope mandatory.
Risk factors for syphilis infection in men who have sex with men: results of a case–control study in Lille, France
Authors: Champenois Karen , Cousien Anthony , Ndiaye Bakhao , Soukouna Yougoudou , Baclet Véronique , Alcaraz Isabelle , Choisy Philippe , Chaud Pascal , Velter Annie , Gallay Anne , Yazdanpanah Yazdan 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundSubstantial increases in syphilis have been reported since the early 2000s in northern countries, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). The authors aimed to identify risk factors for early syphilis in MSM in Lille, a large urban area of northern France.MethodsA matched case–control study was conducted in MSM aged ≥18 years. Cases were diagnosed with primary, secondary or early latent syphilis between April 2008 and June 2010. Controls sought care in STIs clinics or were followed in an HIV clinic. Controls had no history of and no current syphilis. They were matched to cases for age and HIV status. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for early syphilis.Results53 patients with early syphilis were enrolled. Average age was 37 years, and 47% were HIV-infected. For analysis, they were matched to 90 controls. Factors associated with syphilis were: low educational attainment (OR=5.38, 95% CI 1.94 to 14.94; p=0.001), receptive oral sex with casual male partners without a condom (OR=4.86, 95% CI 1.63 to 14.48; p=0.005) and anal sex toy use with casual male partners (OR=2.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 7.32; p=0.05). Seeking of sex partners online (OR=5.17, 95% CI 1.33 to 20.11), use of poppers (OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.3) and erectile dysfunction drugs (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 13.2) were associated with syphilis only in the univariate analysis.ConclusionsReceptive oral sex without a condom and use of anal sex toys were identified as presenting a major risk of syphilis infection. Although these practices have been shown to present low risk of HIV transmission, the general public is unaware of their impact on transmission of other STIs.
Vismodegib
Authors: Rudin Charles M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Vismodegib (GDC-0449), an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling, was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma that is either metastatic or locally advanced in patients who are not candidates for surgical resection or radiation. Given the absence of previously defined effective drug therapy for this disease, approval was granted primarily on the basis of outcome of a nonrandomized parallel cohort phase II study of 99 patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma, with a primary endpoint of objective response rate. Response rates of 30.3% and 42.9% were observed in metastatic and locally advanced cohorts in this study, respectively, associated with median progression-free survival in both cohorts of 9.5 months. Ongoing clinical investigations include evaluation of the potential efficacy of vismodegib in a variety of diseases and in combination with other agents. The mechanism of action, preclinical and clinical data, and potential utility in other disease contexts are reviewed here. Clin Cancer Res; 18(12); 3218–22. ©2012 AACR.
Mind the Gap: Potential for Rebounds during Antiangiogenic Treatment Breaks
Authors: Ebos John M.L. , Pili Roberto 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
VEGF pathway inhibitors have shown benefits in many cancers, yet many (often controversial) questions remain about whether vascular and tumor regrowth can occur when therapy is stopped. Marked increases in endothelial cell proliferation could play a role in putative rebounds, potentially influencing overall efficacy, dosing schedules, and presurgical intervention strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 18(14); 3719–21. ©2012 AACR.
How to Develop Treatments for Biologically Heterogeneous “Diseases”
Authors: Simon Richard M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The standard paradigm for the design of phase III clinical trials is not suitable for evaluation of molecularly targeted treatments in biologically heterogeneous groups of patients. Here, we comment on alternative clinical trial designs and propose a prospective discovery/evaluation framework for using tumor genomics in the design of phase III trials. Clin Cancer Res; 18(15); 4001–3. ©2012 AACR.
Phase I Study of Pazopanib in Combination with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Given Every 21 Days in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Burris Howard A. , Dowlati Afshin , Moss Rebecca A. , Infante Jeffrey R. , Jones Suzanne F. , Spigel David R. , Levinson Kelly T. , Lindquist Diana , Gainer Shelby D. , Dar Mohammed M. , Suttle A. Benjamin , Ball Howard A. , Tan Antoinette R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Several phase III trials have shown that the addition of an antiangiogenic agent to conventional chemotherapy can improve clinical benefit in patients with advanced solid tumors. This study examined the feasibility of combining pazopanib (Votrient), an oral antiangiogenic agent, with paclitaxel and carboplatin. This 3 + 3 dose-escalation phase I study evaluated the maximum-tolerated regimen (MTR) of daily pazopanib in combination with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin [dosed at area under the curve (AUC) 5 or 6] given every 21 days in patients with advanced solid tumors. Plasma samples were collected to evaluate the effect of pazopanib on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and carboplatin. Thirty-four patients were enrolled. The MTR was paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC5 with pazopanib 200 mg. The most common dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Two patients with esophageal cancer had a complete response and four patients, one each with breast, small-cell lung, pancreatic, and gastroesophageal junction cancer, had partial responses. Pazopanib at 200 mg increased paclitaxel maximal concentration (Cmax) by 43% and carboplatin (AUC5 or AUC6) Cmax by 54%. Paclitaxel and carboplatin given every 21 days at standard doses was not feasible in combination with the monotherapy pazopanib dose of 800 mg daily because of dose-limiting myelosuppression. Coadministration of pazopanib increased exposure to paclitaxel and carboplatin and likely contributed to this effect. Given the antitumor activity of this regimen, further studies are underway to determine a clinically tolerable schedule of pazopanib with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(8); 1820–8. ©2012 AACR.
miR-23a, a Critical Regulator of “migR”ation and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Wei Wenyi , Sarkar Fazlul H. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Jahid and colleagues have shown that miR-23a promotes the transition from indolent to invasive colorectal cancer through inhibition of the MTSS1 tumor suppressor. This study reveals a novel role of miR-23a in the acceleration of colorectal cancer progression. Cancer Discov; 2(6); 489–91. ©2012 AACR
Commentary on Jahid et al., p. 540.
Tracking Evolution of BRCA1-Associated Breast Cancer
Authors: Jonkers Jos 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Summary: Single-cell profiling and computational identification of evolutionary paths to BRCA1-associated tumorigenesis predict that PTEN loss and TP53 mutation precede loss of wild-type BRCA1 in basal-like and luminal tumors, respectively. Cancer Discov; 2(6); 486–8. ©2012 AACR.
Commentary on Martins et al., p. 503.
Circulating Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Levels and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Eynatten Maximilian von , Breitling Lutz P. , Roos Marcel , Baumann Marcus , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Brenner Hermann 
Published: June 2012

Objective—
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) abundantly expressed in mature adipocytes and activated macrophages has dramatic effects on atherosclerosis in mice. Whether this pathophysiological role of A-FABP may also apply to atherosclerotic disease in humans is still unknown. This study investigated associations among serum A-FABP levels, cardiovascular risk factors, and long-term secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome in patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods and Results—

Serum A-FABP levels were measured in 1069 patients with prevalent coronary heart disease and a 10-year prospective follow-up was conducted (median, 119.5 [interquartile range, 74.1–120.6] months). During this period 204 patients (incidence, 24.0/1000 patient-years) experienced a secondary cardiovascular disease event (defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal cerebrovascular stroke). At baseline, circulating A-FABP was positively associated with a cluster of metabolic and inflammatory risk factors and independently predicted the presence of the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio per unit increase of natural log-transformed A-FABP, 2.95; 95% CI, 2.22–3.92,
P
<0.001). On long-term follow-up, subjects with high baseline A-FABP showed an increased risk for secondary cardiovascular disease events (hazard ratio per unit increase, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.18–1.95;
P
=0.001), which was attenuated after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio 1.30; 95% CI, 0.98–1.73). In contrast, A-FABP remained significantly associated with cardiovascular death even after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.17–2.62,
P
=0.007).

Conclusion—
Circulating A-FABP levels are associated with long-term prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease and may represent an important pathophysiological mediator of atherosclerosis, which may point to a new target of treatment options.
Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule for Risk Stratification of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Louzada Martha L. , Carrier Marc , Lazo-Langner Alejandro , Dao Vi , Kovacs Michael J. , Ramsay Timothy O. , Rodger Marc A. , Zhang Jerry , Lee Agnes Y.Y. , Meyer Guy , Wells Philip S. 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is the current standard for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. Whether treatment strategies should vary according to individual risk of VTE recurrence remains unknown. We performed a retrospective cohort study and a validation study in patients with cancer-associated VTE to derive a clinical prediction rule that stratifies VTE recurrence risk.

Methods and Results—
The cohort study of 543 patients determined the model with the best classification performance included 4 independent predictors (sex, primary tumor site, stage, and prior VTE) with 100% sensitivity, a wide separation of recurrence rates, 98.1% negative predictive value, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.16. In this model, the score sum ranged between −3 and 3 score points. Patients with a score ≤0 had low risk (≤4.5%) for recurrence and patients with a score >1 had a high risk (≥19%) for VTE recurrence. Subsequently, we applied and validated the rule in an independent set of 819 patients from 2 randomized, controlled trials comparing low-molecular-weight heparin to coumarin treatment in cancer patients.

Conclusions—
By identifying VTE recurrence risk in cancer patients with VTE, we may be able to tailor treatment, improving clinical outcomes while minimizing costs.
Association Between Major Perioperative Hemorrhage and Stroke or Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kamel Hooman , Johnston S. Claiborne , Kirkham John C. , Turner Christopher G. , Kizer Jorge R. , Devereux Richard B. , Iadecola Costantino 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Hemorrhage is associated with ischemic complications in cardiac patients. The nature of this relationship in surgical patients is unknown.

Methods and Results—
We examined the association between major perioperative hemorrhage and stroke or myocardial infarction among adults who underwent surgery from 2005 through 2009 at centers participating in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. We excluded patients with emergent, trauma-related, transplantation, cardiac, or neurological operations. Major hemorrhage was defined as bleeding necessitating transfusion of >4 U of packed red blood cells or whole blood. Stroke was defined as focal brain dysfunction lasting ≥24 hours from a vascular cause. A diagnosis of myocardial infarction required new ECG Q waves. Outcomes were assessed from surgery until 30 days afterward. Among 651 775 patients who underwent surgery, 5233 (0.80%) experienced major hemorrhage, 1575 (0.24%) developed Q-wave myocardial infarction, and 1321 (0.20%) suffered a stroke. In Cox proportional hazards analyses controlling for vascular risk factors, illness severity, and type of surgery, hemorrhage was independently associated with subsequent stroke (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–3.3) and subsequent Q-wave myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–3.4). Interaction terms revealed no significant variation in these associations by age, sex, or type of surgery. Our results were robust across multiple sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions—
Major perioperative hemorrhage is associated with subsequent stroke and myocardial infarction in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonneurological surgery. This suggests the need for randomized trials to guide perioperative use of antiplatelet drugs, which affect the risk of both bleeding and vascular events.
Main Taste Effects on Swallowing Apnea Duration in Healthy Adults
Authors: Todd J. Tee , Butler Susan G. , Plonk Drew P. , Grace‐Martin Karen , Pelletier Cathy A. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveThis study examined swallowing apnea duration (SAD) and respiratory phase patterns as a function of taste, tastes combined with barium, age, and genetic taste group.Study DesignProspective group design.SettingUniversity medical center.Subjects and MethodsEighty healthy adult women were identified as nontasters and supertasters and equally comprised 2 age groups: 18 to 35 years (n = 40) and 60+ years (n = 40). The KayPentax Swallowing Signals Lab was used to acquire SAD and respiratory phase patterns via nasal cannula during randomized 5‐mL swallows of water, 1.0 M sucrose (sweet), 1.0 M sodium chloride (salty), and 0.032 M caffeine (bitter) alone and mixed with barium. The SAD and respiratory patterns were analyzed in a linear mixed model and a binary logistic regression generalized estimating equation model, respectively.ResultsA significant main effect of age was found (P=. 007). Older women demonstrated longer SAD than younger women. There were no significant effects of taste or genetic taste group on SAD. There was a significant interaction between barium and supertaster status; SAD was shorter in supertasters when barium was included. There were no significant differences in respiratory patterns between age groups, genetic taste groups, or among taste stimuli.ConclusionAdvanced age elicited longer SAD, a robust finding in repeated investigations from multiple laboratories. Main tastes did not affect SAD or respiratory phase patterns. Genetic taste group altered SAD when barium was combined with the taste. That is, taste + barium shortened SAD in supertasters. This finding may affect clinical management of dysphagia patients and warrants further investigation.