bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Diagnostic Examination of the Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec Wintertime Convection Event of 28 January 2010
Authors: Milrad Shawn M. , Gyakum John R. , Atallah Eyad H. , Smith Jennifer F. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The priority of an operational forecast center is to issue watches, warnings, and advisories to notify the public about the inherent risks and dangers of a particular event. Occasionally, events occur that do not meet advisory or warning criteria, but still have a substantial impact on human life and property. Short-lived snow bursts are a prime example of such a phenomenon. While these events are typically characterized by small snow accumulations, they often cause very low visibilities and rapidly deteriorating road conditions, both of which are a major hazard to motorists. On the afternoon of 28 January 2010, two such snow bursts moved through the Ottawa River valley and lower St. Lawrence River valley, and created havoc on area roads, resulting in collisions and injuries. Using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), these snow bursts were found to be associated with an approaching strong upper-tropospheric trough and the passage of an arctic front. While convection or squall lines are not common in January in Canada, snow bursts are shown to be associated with strong quasigeostrophic forcing for ascent and low-level frontogenesis, in the presence of both convective and conditional symmetric instability. Finally, this paper highlights the need for the development of a standard subadvisory criterion warning of short-lived but high-impact winter weather events, which operational forecasters can issue and quickly disseminate to the general public.
Hypoglossal nerve conduction study by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects
Authors: Campos Agustín , Barona Rafael , Escudero Joaquín , Montalt José , Escudero Manuel 
Published: December 2010

The introduction of transcranial magnetic stimulation has allowed the study of conduction in the proximal portions and central pathways of the cranial nerves. A study is made of cranial nerve XII with transcranial magnetic stimulation at two levels, cortical and cisternal, registering the motor evoked potential by means of surface electrodes in contact with the upper face of the tongue. Motor evoked potentials were constantly observed on cortical stimulation, in a painless, easy, and reproducible way, with mean values of 10.84 ± 1.14 milliseconds (latency) and 7.81 ± 1.14 mV (amplitude). Motor evoked potentials were unconstant and showed reduced amplitues on cisternal stimulation, with mean values of 4.72 ± 0.62 milliseconds and 0.83 ± 1.26 mV. The magnetic stimulation technique allows the study of the entire motor pathway of cranial nerve XII (motor cortex‐medulla, motoneuron‐muscle). The method is efficient, noninvasive, painless, and easily reproduced, and it comes close to being an ideal clinical conduction study technique for this cranial nerve.
Occupation and visual/vestibular interaction in vestibular rehabilitation
Authors: Cohen Helen , Kane‐Wineland Maureen , Miller Laura V. , Hatfield Catherine L. 
Published: December 2010

Otolaryngologists often prescribe head movement exercise programs for patients with vestibular disorders, although the effectiveness of these programs and the critical features of the exercises are poorly understood. Because many patients who dislike exercising do not follow through with their exercises, alternatives to the traditional repetitive exercises would be useful. Subjects diagnosed with vestibular disorders were treated for 6 weeks with either an outpatient exercise program that incorporated interesting, purposeful activities or a simple home program of head movements, comparable with the exercises otolaryngologists often give their patients when they do not refer to rehabilitation. Both treatments incorporated repetitive head movements in all planes in space, graduated in size and speed. Subjects were all tested before and after treatment with standard measures of vestibulo‐ocular reflex and balance, level of vertigo, gross motor skills, and self‐care independence. Subjects in both groups improved significantly on the functional measures, with slightly greater improvements in the occupational therapy group. The results were maintained 3 months after the cessation of intervention. These data suggest that graded purposeful activities are a useful alternative for treating this patient population and that the essential factor in any exercise program is the use of repetitive head movements.
Tonsil lymphoma presenting as tonsillitis after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yellin Seth A. , Weiss Michael H. , Kraus Dennis H. , Papadopoulos Esperanza B. 
Published: December 2010

Bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of leukemia is increasingly successful in rendering patients disease free. However, it has become evident that the associated severe immunosuppression predisposes this population to an increased risk for other neoplastic disorders. We report on six patients in whom non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the tonsillar region developed within 5 months after T‐cell‐depleted bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of leukemia at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center from October 1990 to October 1992. These patients initially had what appeared to be infectious exudative pharyngitis/tonsillitis; however, they did not improve with medical therapy. Because of the persistence of pharyngitis/tonsillitis in association with cervical lymphadenopathy and odynophagia, the patients underwent definitive biopsy in the form of tonsillectomy, cervical lymph node biopsy, or both. Histopathologic review revealed non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. An association with Epstein‐Barr virus has been noted in five of these patients. This article is aimed at alerting the clinician to consider the diagnosis of lymphoma in a patient with persistent pharyngitis/tonsillitis despite adequate medical therapy after bone marrow transplantation.
Auditory brain stem response changes after application of endotoxin to the round window membrane in experimental otitis media
Authors: Kim Chong‐Sun , Kim Hyung‐Jong 
Published: December 2010

The effects of endotoxin (purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 0111: B4) on cochlear function in normal and otitis media animals were evaluated. Two types of experimental otitis media models were developed in guinea pigs: eustachian tube obstruction and intratympanic injection of endotoxin. In normal animals, three different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/ml) of endotoxin were applied onto the round window membrane, and auditory brain stem responses were recorded at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours and 1, 2, 3, and 14 days after the application of endotoxin. Concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/ml of endotoxin did not affect the auditory brain stem response thresholds, whereas a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml resulted in elevation of the auditory brain stem response thresholds. Alteration of the auditory brain stem response threshold began at 3 hours, reached a peak at 24 or 48 hours, and returned to a normal level 2 weeks after the application of endotoxin. However, when the same concentration (1.0 mg/ml) of endotoxin was applied to the round window membranes of animals that underwent eustachian tube obstruction or intratympanic injection of endotoxin, the endotoxin did not cause any alteration of the auditory brain stem response threshold compared with normal animals.
Second Place — Resident Basic Science Award 1995: Mitochondrial Role in Hair Cell Survival after Injury
Authors: Hyde Gregory E. , Rubel Edwin W. 
Published: December 2010

The role of mitochondrial biogenesis in hair cell survival after injury was evaluated by inhibiting mitochondrial protein synthesis with chloramphenicol and then studying the effects on hair cell survival after exposure to two different types of ototoxins, gentamicin and acoustic trauma. Seven‐ to 10‐day‐old chicks were treated with either a single injection of gentamicin (250 mg/kg) or noise (1500 Hz at 120 dB sound pressure level for 14 hours). A subset of the gentamicin‐ and noise‐treated animals also received chloramphenicol (1200 mg/kg during a 24‐hour period) through a subcutaneous osmotic pump. A control group received chloramphenicol alone (1200 mg/kg during a 24‐hour period). All animals were sacrificed after 5 days, and their basilar papillae (cochleas) were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Hair cell loss was quantified with stereologic techniques. Animals treated with chloramphenicol alone did not have any evidence of hair cell loss. Gentamicin‐treated animals had characteristic hair cell loss beginning at the basal tip and tapering out along the inferior edge more distally. The addition of chloramphenicol to gentamicin treatment significantly increased hair cell loss by 30%, extending the area of hair cell loss into the superior hair cell region at the distal boundary of the lesion. Pure‐tone noise exposure characteristically produced hair cell loss along the inferior edge and occasionally included hair cells along the most superior edge. Addition of chloramphenicol to noise exposure significantly increased hair cell loss by 80%, with extension of the lesion across the full width of the sensory epithelium and basally. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial biogenesis is involved in cellular responses to injury. They suggest that mitochondrial function may regulate the probability of survival after metabolic challenges to hair cell integrity.
Outcome Analysis for Lip Carcinoma
Authors: Zitsch Robert P. , Park Charles W. , Renner Gregory J. , Rea J. Lee 
Published: December 2010

Carcinoma of the lip is a relatively common malignancy of the head and neck region, accounting for approximately one quarter of oral cavity cancers. Although this form of cancer is generally readily curable compared with malignancies at other head and neck sites, regional metastases, local recurrence, and even death from this disease may occasionally occur. A review of 1252 patients who were diagnosed with lip cancer from 1940 to 1987 was undertaken to identify and rank prognostic variables, clarify differential incidences of site predilection between male and female patients, and examine the correlation between tumor site and histopathologic diagnoses. Large tumor size, high tumor grade, the presence of adenopathy, a subsite other than the lower lip, and inadequate surgical margins were found to have a negative impact on determinate survival of patients with lip carcinoma. Twenty‐one percent of lip cancers in female patients arose on the upper Up, whereas only 3% of lip cancers in male patients developed on the upper lip. Basal cell carcinomas comprised 13% of upper lip cancers and only less than 1% of lower lip cancers. Recurrence developed in 15.1% of the patients reviewed and was strongly associated with large tumor size and poor differentiation. Local recurrence was associated with a determinate survival of 78%, whereas patients having regional recurrences had a survival rate of 52%. These data support aggressive treatment of lip cancers greater than 3 cm in diameter, high‐grade tumors, tumors associated with cervical lymphadenopathy, and upper lip and commissure tumors. Lip cancer in women seems to be slightly more aggressive than in men.
Botulinum Toxin Decreases Salivation from Canine Submandibular Glands
Authors: Shaari Christopher M. , Wu Bei‐Lian , Biller Hugh F. , Chuang Sung‐Kiang , Sanders Ira 
Published: December 2010

The objective of this study was to determine whether botulinum toxin types A and D reduced the production of saliva from the submandibular glands of 18 dogs. The left sub‐mandibular glands of 8 dogs were injected with increasing doses of botulinum type A toxin (range 10 to 70 units), and the left glands of 10 dogs were injected with botulinum type D toxin (50 or 100 units). The right gland of each dog was injected with equivalent volumes of saline solution to serve as control. Six days after the injection, the lingual nerve was electrically stimulated for 10 minutes (3 mAmp, 20 Hz). The resulting volume of saliva was collected and weighed. Overall, the glands injected with types A or D toxin produced significantly less saliva than comparable glands injected with saline solution. Six of 8 dogs injected with type A toxin showed a significant decrease in saliva production (range 10.1% to 19.2%, one‐sided p value = 0.0375) when compared with the controls. Nine of 10 dogs injected with type D toxin demonstrated a highly significant reduction in saliva production (total average decrease = 60%, two‐sided p value = 0.001) when compared with the controls. We concluded that intraglandular injections of botulinum toxin types A and D significantly reduced the production of saliva from canine submandibular glands. The potential applications of intraglandular injections of botulinum toxin are discussed.
Fenretinide‐Induced Apoptosis of Human Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Scher Richard L. , Saito Wilfred , Dodge Richard K. , Richtsmeier William J. , Fine Robert L. 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUNDSquamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) has a high incidence of recurrence and associated second primary malignancy. The retinoid 13‐cis‐retinoic acid has been shown to be effective as both a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for HNSCC, but often with treatment‐limiting toxicity. The synthetic retinoid fenretinide (N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide) (HPR) has significant antiproliferative activity against a number of animal and human malignancies and has been used in clinical trials as a chemopreventive agent in patients with breast and prostate cancer and oral leukoplakia. HPR has been shown to have a toxicity profile lower than that for other retinoids used in clinical trials.PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HPR on the growth of HNSCC cell lines in vitro.METHODSFour HNSCC cell lines (JHU‐011‐SCC, JHU‐020‐SCC, JHU‐022‐SCC, and FaDu) were treated with a range of concentrations of HPR for various times. After HPR exposure, cell viability was determined by tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay, comparing cell survival with that of untreated control cells. HPR‐induced apoptosis was determined by flow‐cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid cell‐cycle analysis, ultrastructural analysis with electron microscopy, and deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation detected by gel electrophoresis.RESULTSHPR caused significant growth inhibition in three of the four HNSCC cell lines in a dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion. In two cell lines (JHU‐011‐SCC, JHU‐020‐SCC) a significant antiproliferative effect was achieved between 1 and 2.5 μ mol/L HPR after 72 hours of treatment. By deoxyribonucleic acid cell‐cycle analysis, electron microscopy, and gel electrophoresis, HPR was shown to induce apoptosis in the JHU‐011‐SCC and JHU‐020‐SCC cell lines, but not in the FaDu cell line, which was insensitive to the growth inhibitory effect of HPR.CONCLUSIONSThis study has demonstrated that HPR reduces cell viability in HNSCC cells in vitro at clinically relevant doses, with the growth inhibition occurring through the induction of apoptosis.
Carbon Dioxide Laser Surgery for Snoring: Results in 192 Patients
Authors: Cheng David Shoou‐Taw , Weng Jimmy Chih‐Ming , Yang Po‐Wen , Stephen Cheng Liang‐Hsin 
Published: December 2010

Laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty has been introduced as an alternative to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for treatment of snoring and potentially of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Between July 1994 and June 1996, 192 patients underwent 227 laserassisted uvulopalatoplasty procedures. Loud habitual snoring was evaluated in 42 women (21.8%) and 150 men (78.2%), who were then treated with laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty. Among the 192 patients (227 procedures), with ages from 18 to 81 years (mean 42.6 years), 15.6% (30 patients) had more than one laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty treatment. In our series, 80 patients (42.1%) had a history of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in addition to snoring. Laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty treatment in patients with loud snoring resulted in elimination of snoring in 61%, partial improvement of snoring in 26%, and no improvement in 13%. The overall success rate was 87%. The mean body mass index was significantly higher in the patients with no response after the operation (27.9 kg/m2) compared with that in the patients with a good response (25.9 kg/m2). Obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) patients were more likely to have no response to laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty treatment of snoring than patients with an ideal body weight (body mass index <25 kg/m2) (p < 0.01). We conclude that the body mass index may be of significant value in the postoperative success rate of laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty for the treatment of snoring.
Intratumoral cisplatin/epinephrine‐injectable gel as a palliative treatment for accessible solid tumors: A multicenter pilot study
Authors: Burris A. Howard , Vogel Charles L. , Castro Dan , Mishra Lopa , Schwarz Maurice , Spencer Sharon , Oakes David D. , Korey Andrew , Orenberg Elaine K. 
Published: December 2010

Intratumoral injections of cisplatin/epinephrine‐injectable gel were administered weekly for 4 weeks in 45 patients with malignant tumors of various histologic types. Tumors were located on the skin and subcutaneous tissue primarily of the head, neck, and trunk, and on the tongue, oral pharynx, and esophagus. Patients were not candidates for surgery, radiation, or systemic chemotherapy. Each of the treated tumors (n= 82) was evaluated 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the final injection. The initial dose of cisplatin was 1 mg/cm3tumor volume, with escalation to 6 mg/cm3allowed, depending on observed toxicities. The mean cumulative dose per patient for the four treatments ranged from 0.56 to 380 mg cisplatin. No dose‐limiting cisplatin‐related toxicities, such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, or ototoxicity, were observed. The overall objective tumor response rate was 50% (41 of 82), with 40% (33 of 82) complete responses and a median response duration of 160 days. Complete responses for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were 58% (21 of 36) and 38% (12 of 32), respectively. These results justified further clinical trials to evaluate the role of local chemotherapy with intratumoral cisplatin/epinephrine‐injectable gel in the palliative treatment of patients with selected accessible solid tumors.
Transient‐Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Children after Cisplatin Chemotherapy
Authors: Allen Gregory C. , Tiu Christopher , Koike Kazunari , Ritchey A. Kim , Kurs‐Lasky Marcia , Wax Mark K. 
Published: December 2010

Little is known about cisplatin ototoxicity in pediatric patients. Measurement of otoacoustic emissions is a rapid, reproducible, objective method of evaluating hearing. We examined whether transient‐evoked otoacoustic emissions in pediatric patients exposed to cisplatin in the past correlated with audiographic findings. Twelve patients were entered into the study (mean age at treatment 7.8 years, mean cumulative dose 442.5 mg/mm2, mean 7.1 doses). Hearing at 3000 Hz was preserved in 82.6% of patients. In the higher frequencies significant sensorineural hearing loss was noted: 43.5% at 4 kHz; 81.0% at 6 kHz; and 90.5% at 8 kHz. Transient‐evoked otoacoustic emissions were measurable in 11 of 12 patients. Middle ear disease accounted for abnormal otoacoustic emission seen in three patients (1 with effusion, 2 with significant negative middle ear pressure). When the middle ear was normal, a statistically significant correlation was seen between the transient‐evoked otoacoustic emissions reproducibility and pure‐tone threshold (correlation coefficient = −0.69, p = 0.008). Increased hearing loss was also associated with young age at first dose of cisplatin (p = 0.044), high number of chemotherapy cycles (p = 0.042), and high cumulative dose (p = 0.042). (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:584–8.)
Expression of the Adenocarcinoma‐Related Antigen Recognized by Monoclonal Antibody 44‐3A6 in Salivary Gland Neoplasias
Authors: Bentz Brandon G. , Haines G. Kenneth , Vonschlegell Ahmed S. , Elseth Kim M. , Hanson David G. , Radosevich James A. 
Published: December 2010

The monoclonal antibody 44‐3A6 detects a cell‐surface protein that has been shown to be a useful marker in distinguishing adenocarcinomas from other histologic tumor types in a variety of tissues. The objective of this study was to determine whether 44‐3A6 could be used as a tool in the classification of salivary gland neoplasms. These complex tumors share overlapping pathologic features but distinct clinical outcomes. This study used 44–3A6 to immunohistochemically describe the pattern and frequency of this antigen in salivary gland neoplasms. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of 22 benign and 26 malignant salivary tumors were evaluated. The patient population consisted of 25 (52.1%) women and 23 (47.9%) men selected from archival pathology files to reflect a range of salivary gland diseases. Normal surrounding salivary glands were found to have intense focal staining almost exclusively localized to ductal luminal cells. There was little staining of either myoepithelial or acinar cells. A wide spectrum of expression was found between and within tumor types, but a trend toward more expression of this antigen with decreasing differentiation was seen. A significant increase in staining was also seen in those tumors with ductal differentiation (n = 41) as opposed to those with predominantly acinar (i.e., acinic cell carcinoma) or myoepithelial (i.e., myoepithelioma; n = 8) differentiation (2.6 vs. 1.3, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between staining intensity and facial paralysis, pain, skin involvement, TNM stage, residual disease, or disease‐free or total survival. Therefore this antigen appears to designate a duct luminal phenotype in normal and neoplastic salivary tissues. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:603–9.)
Comparison of Concentric Needle Versus Hooked‐Wire Electrodes in the Canine Larynx
Authors: Jaffe Debra M. , Solomon Nancy P. , Robinson Robert A. , Hoffman Henry T. , Luschei Erich S. 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUNDThe use of a specific electrode type in laryngeal electromyography has not been standardized. Laryngeal electromyography is usually performed with hooked‐wire electrodes or concentric needle electrodes. Hooked‐wire electrodes have the advantage of allowing laryngeal movement with ease and comfort, whereas the concentric needle electrodes have benefits from a technical aspect and may be advanced, withdrawn, or redirected during attempts to appropriately place the electrode.OBJECTIVESThis study examines whether hooked‐wire electrodes permit more stable recordings than standard concentric needle electrodes at rest and after large‐scale movements of the larynx and surrounding structures. A histologic comparison of tissue injury resulting from placement and removal of the two electrode types is also made by evaluation of the vocal folds.METHODSElectrodes were percutaneously placed into the thyroarytenoid muscles of 10 adult canines. Amplitude of electromyographic activity was measured and compared during vagal stimulation before and after large‐scale laryngeal movements. Signal consistency over time was examined. Animals were killed and vocal fold injury was graded and compared histologically.RESULTSWaveform morphology did not consistently differ between electrode types. The variability of electromyographic amplitude was greater for the hooked‐wire electrode (p < 0.05), whereas the mean amplitude measures before and after large‐scale laryngeal movements did not differ (p > 0.05). Inflammatory responses and hematoma formation were also similar.CONCLUSIONSWaveform morphology of electromyographic signals registered from both electrode types show similar complex action potentials. There is no difference between the hooked‐wire electrode and the concentric needle electrode in terms of electrode stability or vocal fold injury in the thyroarytenoid muscle after large‐scale laryngeal movements. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:655–62.)