bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen transport and mitochondrial function in porcine septic shock, cardiogenic shock, and hypoxaemia
Authors: REGUEIRA T. , DJAFARZADEH S. , BRANDT S. , GORRASI J. , BOROTTO E. , PORTA F. , TAKALA J. , BRACHT H. , SHAW S. , LEPPER P. M. , JAKOB S. M. 
Published: May 2012

IntroductionThe relevance of tissue oxygenation in the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction during sepsis is controversial. We compared oxygen transport, lactate metabolism, and mitochondrial function in pigs with septic shock, cardiogenic shock, or hypoxic hypoxia.MethodsThirty‐two anaesthetized, ventilated pigs were randomized to faecal peritonitis (P), cardiac tamponade (CT), hypoxic hypoxia (HH) or controls. Systemic and regional blood flows, lactate, mitochondrial respiration, and tissue hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α) were measured for 24 h.ResultsMortality was 50% in each intervention group. While systemic oxygen consumption (VO2) was maintained in all groups, hepatic VO2 tended to decrease in CT [0.84 (0.5–1.3) vs. 0.42 (0.06–0.8)/ml/min/kg; P = 0.06]. In P, fractional hepatic, celiac trunk, and portal vein blood flows, and especially renal blood flow [by 46 (14–91)%; P = 0.001] decreased. In CT, renal blood flow [by 50.4 (23–81)%; P = 0.004] and in HH, superior mesenteric blood flow decreased [by 38.9 (16–100)%, P = 0.009]. Hepatic lactate influx increased > 100% in P and HH, and > 200% in CT (all P < 0.02). Hepatic lactate uptake remained unchanged in P and HH and converted to release in CT. Mitochondrial respiration remained normal. Muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations decreased in P (5.9 ± 1.4 μmol/g wt vs. 2.8 ± 2.7 μmol/g wt, P = 0.04). HIF‐1α expression was not detectable in any group.ConclusionWe conclude that despite shock and renal hypoperfusion, tissue hypoxia is not a major pathophysiological issue in early and established faecal peritonitis. The reasons for reduced skeletal muscle tissue ATP levels in the presence of well‐preserved in‐vitro muscle mitochondrial respiration should be further investigated.
Cytoreductive nephrectomy for pT3b–T4 M1 renal cell carcinoma in 39 patients: Single center analysis
Authors: Takagi Toshio , Kondo Tsunenori , Iizuka Junpei , Kobayashi Hirohito , Hashimoto Yasunobu , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe reviewed cytoreductive nephrectomy for pT3b–T4 renal cell carcinoma with metastasis and evaluated the prognostic factors for cancer‐specific survival. A total of 39 patients who underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with pathological T3b–T4 (2009 Union for International Cancer Control consensus) from 1986 to 2011 in our hospital were the participants in this study. Prognostic factors for cancer‐specific survival were analyzed. The median patient age was 64 years (range 31–84). Pathological T3b, T3c and T4 were found in 24 (61%), one (3%) and 14 (36%) patients, respectively. The distribution of the histological type was clear cell type in 34 (87%), papillary type in two (5%) and any type of renal cell carcinoma with a sarcomatoid component in three patients (8%). The median overall and cancer‐specific survival was 7.5 and 7.6 months, respectively. Low‐grade performance status, regional lymph node metastasis, higher pT stage and histological type were prognostic factors for cancer‐specific survival on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis, higher pT stage and histological type (non‐clear cell or sarcomatoid component) were significant predictors for cancer‐specific survival. With cytoreductive nephrectomy for patients with pT4, lymph node metastasis and non‐clear cell histology, we have to be particularly careful in terms of cancer control.
Nest habitat selection by the Austral parakeet in north‐western Patagonia
Authors: DÍAZ SOLEDAD , KITZBERGER THOMAS 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIdentifying habitat or nesting microhabitat variables associated with high levels of nest success is important to understand nest site preferences and bird–habitat relationships. Little is known about cavity availability and nest site requirements of cavity nesters in southern hemisphere temperate forests, although nest site limitation is suggested. Here we ask which characteristics are selected by the Austral parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineus) for nesting in Araucaria araucana–Nothofagus pumilio forest in Argentine Patagonia. We compared nest plot and tree characteristics with unused plots and trees among areas of different A. araucana–N. pumilio density. We also examine whether nest plot and tree use and selection, and the associated consequences for fitness of Austral parakeets are spatially related to forest composition. Austral parakeets showed selectivity for nests at different spatial scales, consistently choosing isolated live and large trees with particular nest features in a non‐random way from available cavities. Mixed A. araucana–N. pumilio forests are ideal habitat for the Austral parakeets of northern Patagonia, offering numerous potential cavities, mainly in N. pumilio. We argue that Austral parakeet reproduction and fitness is currently very unlikely to be limited by cavity availability, although this situation may be rapidly changing. Natural and human disturbances are modifying south temperate forests with even‐aged mid‐successional stands replacing old growth forests. Cavity nesting species use and need old growth forests, due to the abundance of cavities in large trees and the abundance of larvae in old wood. Neither of the latter resources is sufficiently abundant in mid‐successional forests, increasing the vulnerability and threatening the survival of the Austral.
Complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of an advanced vulvar cancer patient: A case report
Authors: Achilli Chiara , Palaia Innocenza , Perniola Giorgia , Di Donato Violante , Marchetti Claudia , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInvasive vulvar cancer has an incidence of 1–2/100 000 women per year and squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 85–90% of all vulvar cancers. Surgery has long been considered as the standard treatment, followed by chemotherapy in case of lymph node involvement. This approach is not only disfiguring, but also carries with it an operative mortality of up to 10%. Several studies have assessed the feasibility of radio‐chemotherapy as definitive therapy and/or a neoadjuvant procedure. Nonetheless, combined radio‐chemotherapy is associated with considerable toxicity. This study reports our experience with an unconventional schedule of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (topotecan and cisplatin) without radiotherapy in a patient with locally advanced vulvar cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIA) who experienced complete clinical remission, followed by minimal surgical treatment.
Alterations of maternal serum and placental follistatin‐like 3 and myostatin in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Guo Jing , Tian Ting , Lu Donghong , Xia Guiyu , Wang Hanzhi , Dong Minyue 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  To clarify the alterations of myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily, and follistatin‐like 3 (FSTL3), a binding protein for myostatin, in pre‐eclamptic women.Methods:  Samples of blood and placenta were collected from 40 pre‐eclamptic women and 40 controls. The serum level and placental expression of FSTL3 and myostatin were determined with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, real‐time polymerized chain reaction and western blotting.Results:  The serum levels of myostatin and FSTL3 were significantly higher in pre‐eclamptic women than in the controls (P < 0.001 for both). Placental expression of myostatin and FSTL3 were also significantly increased in the pre‐eclamptic placenta compared with that of the controls (P < 0.001 for both); however, there were no significant differences in myostatin or FSTL3 in either the maternal serum or the placenta in women with mild or severe pre‐eclampsia (P > 0.05 for both).Conclusion:  The serum levels and placental expression of myostatin and FSTL3 are elevated in pre‐eclampsia, suggesting the role of myostatin and its binding protein in pre‐eclampsia.
Carotid intima media thickness, brachial flow mediated dilation and previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fakhrzadeh Hossein , Alatab Sudabeh , Sharifi Farshad , Mirarefein Mojde , Badamchizadeh Zohreh , Ghaderpanahi Maryam , Hashemi Taheri Amir Pejman , Larijani Bagher 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy condition with long‐term complications. We examined the association between inflammatory mediators and early atherosclerosis process by measuring the flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of brachial artery and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in women with previous GDM (pGDM).Material and Methods:  Women with and without pGDM with an average of 4 years following the indexed pregnancy, participated in this study. Serum levels of IL‐6, hs‐CRP, adiponectin, homocystein and other biomedical parameters were measured. The existence of early atherogenesis process was evaluated by measuring CIMT and FMD.Results:  HOMA‐IR and insulin were significantly higher in women with pGDM. Women with pGDM had slightly higher CIMT and significantly lower percent of brachial FMD. FMD and CIMT, adjusted for age and blood pressure, showed the same pattern. FMD showed no correlation with biochemical or inflammatory markers.Conclusion:  Follow‐up of this group of women, who are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with FMD should be considered.
Value‐based medicine analysis on loop electrosurgical excision procedure and CO2 laser vaporization for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2
Authors: Sun Lu‐lu , Cao Dong‐yan , Yang Jia‐xin , Bian Mei‐lu , Wei Li‐hui , Shen Keng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  The best treatment option for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) is controversial and there is a lack of studies in value‐based medicine. This multicenter comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness, cost‐effectives and quality of life (QOL) of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and CO2 laser vaporization for the treatment of CIN2.Material and Methods:  A database of LEEP and laser vaporizations performed at three research centers was created. Patients with colposcopic‐histopathologically confirmed CIN2 were randomly submitted to LEEP and laser vaporization. Cytology, human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA test and histology were performed, and a questionnaire on QOL was filled out during follow‐up. Effectiveness, cost‐effectives and QOL were analyzed.Results:  Three hundred and thirty‐eight women with CIN2 were included in the study. Frequencies of remission, and persistent and recurrent CIN were 89.2%, 7.2%, and 3.6% for LEEP, and 86.7%, 12.6%, 0.70% for laser, respectively. There was no significant difference in remission and persistence of CIN. There was a significant difference in the number of operations, recovery time and costs. Women treated with two methods showed relatively identical QOL.Conclusion:  Both LEEP and CO2 laser vaporization are effective and reliable treatments for CIN2, whereas cervical tissue can be obtained for histology by LEEP. Preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow‐up are important. Gynecologists should pay attention to QOL of patients with CIN.
Antenatal differential diagnosis of congenital chloride diarrhea: A case report
Authors: Lee Dae Hyung , Park Yoon Ki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCongenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare disease characterized by profound, watery diarrhea. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is caused by a dysfunction of electrolyte transport in the brush border of the ileum. CCD is a medically treatable condition but is frequently misdiagnosed as a surgically treatable condition, such as bowel obstruction, because of similar antenatal ultrasonographic findings. Therefore, a correct diagnosis is of upmost importance before treatment initiation. Although some methods for antenatal differential diagnosis were reported, antenatal diagnosis of CCD remains difficult. Here, we report the case of a patient with CCD, which was presumed antenatally and confirmed postnatally. We also discuss the results of antenatal ultrasonography and amniocentesis and provide some tips regarding ultrasonographic findings for the antenatal differential diagnosis of CCD. Further, we present a brief literature review.
The metagenome of the marine anammox bacterium ‘Candidatus Scalindua profunda’ illustrates the versatility of this globally important nitrogen cycle bacterium
Authors: van de Vossenberg Jack , Woebken Dagmar , Maalcke Wouter J. , Wessels Hans J. C. T. , Dutilh Bas E. , Kartal Boran , Janssen‐Megens Eva M. , Roeselers Guus , Yan Jia , Speth Daan , Gloerich Jolein , Geerts Wim , van der Biezen Erwin , Pluk Wendy , Francoijs Kees‐Jan , Russ Lina , Lam Phyllis , Malfatti Stefanie A. , Tringe Susannah Green , Haaijer Suzanne C. M. , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Stunnenberg Henk G. , Amann Rudi , Kuypers Marcel M. M. , Jetten Mike S. M. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryAnaerobic ammonium‐oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are responsible for a significant portion of the loss of fixed nitrogen from the oceans, making them important players in the global nitrogen cycle. To date, marine anammox bacteria found in marine water columns and sediments worldwide belong almost exclusively to the ‘Candidatus Scalindua’ species, but the molecular basis of their metabolism and competitive fitness is presently unknown. We applied community sequencing of a marine anammox enrichment culture dominated by ‘Candidatus Scalindua profunda’ to construct a genome assembly, which was subsequently used to analyse the most abundant gene transcripts and proteins. In the S. profunda assembly, 4756 genes were annotated, and only about half of them showed the highest identity to the only other anammox bacterium of which a metagenome assembly had been constructed so far, the freshwater ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. In total, 2016 genes of S. profunda could not be matched to the K. stuttgartiensis metagenome assembly at all, and a similar number of genes in K. stuttgartiensis could not be found in S. profunda. Most of these genes did not have a known function but 98 expressed genes could be attributed to oligopeptide transport, amino acid metabolism, use of organic acids and electron transport. On the basis of the S. profunda metagenome, and environmental metagenome data, we observed pronounced differences in the gene organization and expression of important anammox enzymes, such as hydrazine synthase (HzsAB), nitrite reductase (NirS) and inorganic nitrogen transport proteins. Adaptations of Scalindua to the substrate limitation of the ocean may include highly expressed ammonium, nitrite and oligopeptide transport systems and pathways for the transport, oxidation, and assimilation of small organic compounds that may allow a more versatile lifestyle contributing to the competitive fitness of Scalindua in the marine realm.
L‐dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene expression is related to outcome in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Koutalellis Georgios , Stravodimos Konstantinos , Avgeris Margaritis , Mavridis Konstantinos , Scorilas Andreas , Lazaris Andreas , Constantinides Constantinos 
Published: May 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?L‐dopa decarboxylase (DDC) has been documented as a novel co‐activator of androgen receptor transcriptional activity. Recently, it was shown that DDC gene expression is significantly higher in patients with PCa than in those with BPH.In the present study, there was a significant association between the DDC gene expression levels and the pathological stage and Gleason score of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Moreover, DDC expression was shown to be an unfavourable prognostic marker of biochemical recurrence and disease‐free survival in patients with PCa treated by radical prostatectomy.OBJECTIVE
To determine whether L‐dopa decarboxylase gene (DDC) expression levels in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) correlate to biochemical recurrence and disease prognosis after radical prostatectomy (RP).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The present study consisted of 56 samples with confirmed malignancy from patients with PCa who had undergone RP at a single tertiary academic centre.
Total RNA was isolated from tissue specimens and a SYBR Green fluorescence‐based quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction methodology was developed for the determination of DDC mRNA expression levels of the tested tissues.
Follow‐up time ranged between 1.0 and 62.0 months (mean ± SE, 28.6 ± 2.1 month; median, 31.5 months). Time to biochemical recurrence was defined as the interval between the surgery and the measurement of two consecutive values of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) ≥0.2 ng/mL.
RESULTS
DDC expression levels were found to be positively correlated with the tumour‐node‐metastasis stage (P= 0.021) and Gleason score (P= 0.036) of the patients with PCa.
Patients with PCa with raised DDC expression levels run a significantly higher risk of biochemical recurrence after RP, as indicated by Cox proportional regression analysis (P= 0.021).
Multivariate Cox proportional regression models revealed the preoperative PSA‐, age‐ and digital rectal examination‐independent prognostic value of DDC expression for the prediction of disease‐free survival (DFS) among patients with PCa (P= 0.036).
Kaplan–Meier survival analysis confirms the significantly shorter DFS after RP of PCa with higher DDC expression levels (P= 0.015).
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study indicating the potential of DDC expression as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with PCa who have undergone RP.
For further evaluation and clinical application of the findings of the present study, a direct analysis of mRNA and/or its protein expression level in preoperative biopsy, blood serum and urine should be conducted.
Ciliary function in the olfactory organs of sharks and rays
Authors: Cox Jonathan P L 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe sensory channels in the olfactory organs of modern sharks and rays (neoselachians) are lined with fields of non‐sensory cilia. Using evidence from 31 species of neoselachian, this review attempts to identify the fluid – water or mucus – propelled by these cilia. The apparently common structure of the olfactory epithelium in these 31 diverse species implies that the cilia perform the same function and that this function is therefore independent of neoselachian phylogeny, lifestyle, gross nasal anatomy and the principal means by which water is circulated through the single major olfactory channel. On balance, the evidence suggests that the cilia propel mucus. This evidence includes short cilia, the presence (or absence) of water currents in the nasal region, mucociliary interactions, poor ciliary alignment, rare or absent interciliary connections, deep ciliary anchorages and the observation of cilia performing effective strokes. The short cilia are particularly telling. Goblet cells within and on the edge of the sensory epithelium are likely to be the source of any mucus layer. If the cilia of the neoselachian olfactory epithelium do propel mucus, there are three crucial implications. First, given that ciliary function is potentially independent of neoselachian phylogeny, it is possible that cilia in all neoselachians propel mucus. Second, a large part of the neoselachian olfactory organ must be actively involved in protecting the sensory epithelium from damage. Third, flow of water through the sensory channels must be driven by flow of water through the major olfactory channel.
Modelling obesity trends and related diseases in Eastern Europe
Authors: Webber L. , Kilpi F. , Marsh T. , Rtveladze K. , McPherson K. , Brown M. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryObesity has increased at an alarming rate across the world and, in turn, rates of non‐communicable diseases have escalated. In Eastern Europe, this epidemic has probably occurred at a later stage than the West due to the economic transition following the demise of communism. Knowing how these trends will change is important. We used a micro‐simulation model to project obesity trends and related incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke, cancer and type 2 diabetes 20 and 40 years into the future. Where nationally representative data were available, obesity levels were shown to increase with most prominent increases seen amongst men in Latvia and Estonia, and amongst women in Croatia and Latvia. The exception was Lithuania where a decrease in overweight and obesity was observed in both men and women. We showed that interventions effective in reducing obesity would have a significant impact upon the number of new cases of each disease. It is necessary to improve surveillance of obesity and disease incidence as well as implement policies that are effective in reducing body fat.
Resting energy expenditure of morbidly obese patients using indirect calorimetry: a systematic review
Authors: Kee A.‐L. , Isenring E. , Hickman I. , Vivanti A. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe increasing proportion of acutely ill hospital patient admissions presenting with a morbidly obese body mass index (BMI ≥ 40 kg m−2) as a comorbidity is an emerging clinical concern. Suboptimal food intake and malnutrition is prevalent in the acute care hospital setting. The energy requirements necessary to prevent malnutrition in acutely ill patients with morbid obesity remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to identify studies in the literature that have used indirect calorimetry to measure the resting energy expenditure of patients with morbid obesity to establish their minimum energy requirements and the implications for optimal feeding practices in acutely ill hospitalized patients. A total of 20 studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. All articles were graded using the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council levels of evidence and given a quality rating using the American Dietetic Association recommendations. Studies were categorized according to the mean BMI of its subjects. The most commonly measured resting energy expenditures for morbidly obese patients are between 2,000 and 3,000 kcal d−1 (8,400–12,600 kJ d−1). Activity and injury factors of acutely ill morbidly obese patients could result in significantly greater energy requirements for this patient group and are unlikely to be met by standard hospital menus. Establishing the minimum energy requirements for this population group will help inform adequate and accurate energy provision in the acute setting. Outcomes of underfeeding and overfeeding in morbidly obese patients warrant further research.