bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of correlated color temperature on spatial brightness perception
Authors: Ju Jiaqi , Chen Dahua , Lin Yandan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe relationship between lamp color characteristics and brightness perception is not well known. In this study, nine lighting environment with correlated color temperature (3000 K, 5000 K, and 8000 K) and illuminance (1000 lx, 300 lx, and 100 lx) were created. Both the side by side visual matching and spatial brightness scaling experiments are designed to verify the effects of correlated color temperature on spatial brightness perception. The results of the study show that lighting with high correlated color temperature will have stronger spatial brightness perception than lower ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
Efficient signcryption in the standard model
Authors: Li Fagen , Zhang Mingwu , Takagi Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYSigncryption is a cryptographic primitive that fulfills both the functions of digital signature and public key encryption simultaneously, at a cost significantly lower than that required by the traditional signature‐then‐encryption approach. The performance advantage of signcryption over the signature‐then‐encryption method makes signcryption useful in many applications, such as electronic commerce, mobile communications, and smart cards. In this paper, we propose an efficient signcryption scheme in the standard model. We prove that our scheme satisfies the confidentiality and strong unforgeability. Compared with the Tan's scheme, our scheme has | G | + | p | (320) bits shorter ciphertext, 2 | p | − | G | (160) bits shorter private key, and | GT | + | G | (1184) bits shorter public key. In addition, in the Tan's scheme, a user must hold two public key/private key pairs at one time if it were both sender and receiver. Our scheme only needs a public key/private key pair, which is more practical for application. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating physics in large, continuous virtual environments
Authors: Tracy Daniel J. , Brown Sheldon 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYLarge virtual environments with many interactive objects pose high processing overhead for physics simulation and require real‐time results. Most of these objects are not being interacted with at the same time, leaving many in physical equilibrium. Modern physics simulation software eliminates some work for the case of objects at rest, but these objects still pose overhead because of potential activation during processing, which can constitute the majority of running time for some environments. We present a physics software design that eliminates overhead associated with bodies at rest, reducing the remaining running time to be proportional to the number of objects being interacted with. Our design consists of specific broad phase collision detection, contact group generation, and object storage methods, as well as intermediate structures and interfacing methods within the physics pipeline. It can be combined with various narrow phase collision detection, constraint solving, and integration techniques, as well as methods of parallelism. We show that our system produces a running time independent of the number of objects at rest, and that our methods compare favorably with published methods and available physics software when simulating environments with many objects at rest. CR Categories: I.3.6 [Computer graphics]: Methodology and techniques—Graphics data structures and data types; I.3.7 [Computer graphics]: Three‐dimensional graphics and realism—virtual reality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review and Synthesis of Positive Emotion and Reward Disturbance in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Gruber June 
Published: September 2011

Although positive emotion research has begun to flourish, the extremes and potential costs of positive emotion remain understudied. This is an ideal clinical model for studying the ways in which positive emotions are disrupted in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme bouts of expansive and persistent positive feelings. This paper reviews recent experimental studies, selectively examining positive emotion, in individuals at risk for, and diagnosed with, bipolar disorder. As an extension of this body of work, I present an account of positive emotion disturbance in bipolar disorder, referred to as positive emotion persistence. Implications are discussed for the study of bipolar disorder and positive emotion that follow. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner MessageUnderstand mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder.Identification of positive emotion as an important target foci in bipolar disorder.Application of affective science methods and theory to conceptualize the etiology and maintenance of mood disorders.
A review of routing strategies for optical burst switched networks
Authors: Yahaya C. , Abd Latiff M. S. , Mohamed A. B. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe exact contribution of this paper is a review of existing state‐of‐the‐art routing strategies for optical burst switched networks developed by researchers to deal with burst contention before it happens. Routing schemes are implemented in space domain, which make them simple and cost effective. Additionally, the paper points out the importance of routing as an effective way to deal with burst contention compared to other solutions. It also underlines the main differences between contention avoidance schemes and contention resolution techniques for optical burst switched networks. We believe that this review will help different optical burst switched researchers involved in the development of route optimization algorithms to control burst contention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of C(PPh3)2 with MI2 Compounds (M = Zn, Cd) – Formation and Crystal Structures of [I2Zn{C(PPh3)2}], [(I2Cd{C(PPh3)2})2] and the Salt‐Like Compounds (HC{PPh3}2)[MI3(THF)] and (HC{PPh3}2)2[ZnI4]
Authors: Petz Wolfgang , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction of the carbodiphosphorane C(PPh3)2 (1) with group 12 MI2 compounds in THF leads to the salts (HC{PPh3}2)[MI3(THF)] (M = Zn2+, 2; Cd2+, 3) in good yields upon proton abstraction from the solvent. The salt‐like complex (HC{PPh3}2)2[ZnI4] (4) formed upon reaction of ZnI2 with 1 in toluene and subsequent heating of the resulting powder in 2‐bromofluorobenzene. When this reaction was carried out in 2‐bromofluorobenzene as the solvent, no proton transfer occurred, and the colorless addition compounds [I2Zn←1] (5) and [I2Cd←1]2 (6) were isolated. Compound 5 is monomeric, whereas in 6 the monomeric units are linked by bridging iodine ligands to produce a dimer. All compounds were characterized by X‐ray analyses and 31P NMR and IR spectroscopy.
Air Gap Microcell for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopic Imaging of Carbon Dioxide Output. Model Calculation and Gas Phase SECM Measurements for Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Producing Activity of Microbial Sources
Authors: Kiss András , Kiss Laszló , Kovács Barna , Nagy Géza 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMost of SECM studies have been carried out in liquid or gel phases. A Severinghaus type, CO2 detecting potentiometric tip has been fabricated and used in gas phase SECM studies. The microcell tip is made without gas permeable membrane. Faster response, needed in SECM, was achieved by substituting the membrane with an air gap. The carbon dioxide concentration profile in the gas phase over a disc‐shaped colony of yeast has been detected with the new tip. Estimation of the carbon dioxide output of the fungi colony was attempted by fitting simulated curves to measured ones obtained with one dimensional (line) scans.
Methylene Blue/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrode for the Amperometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Peña Roselyn C. , Bertotti Mauro , Brett Christopher M. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel amperometric sensor based on the incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) into a poly(methylene blue) (PMB) film immobilized on carbon composite electrodes is described. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that at a surface covered by a MWCNT/PMB layer the cathodic reduction of hydrogen peroxide is facilitated and occurs already at 0.0 V versus SCE. The effect of the order of deposition of PMB and MWCNT, as well as its loading, on electrochemical behaviour was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The influence of the various immobilised platforms on the electrocatalytic performance towards hydrogen peroxide was also examined.
Size separation of proteins by capillary zone electrophoresis with cationic hitchhiking
Authors: Dolnik Vladislav , Gurske William A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe paper describes a method of size separation of proteins by capillary sieving electrophoresis with cationic surfactant. Proteins are separated within 12 min with repeatability of migration times better than 0.2%. Some proteins achieve the separation efficiency of 200 000 theoretical plates. The method can be used for determination of protein relative molecular masses. The accuracy of the determined relative molecular masses and the limitation of the method were investigated by the analysis of more than 60 proteins. The method also allows separation of protein oligomers. Proteins can be quantitated after the electrokinetic injection in the concentration range 0.07–0.43 g/L. The average detection limit is about 2 mg/L.
Methylmercury and selenium speciation in different tissues of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Lemes Marcos , Wang Feiyue , Stern Gary A , Ostertag Sonja K , Chan Hing Man 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Monitoring data have shown that the total monomethylmercury (CH3Hg+ and its complexes; collectively referred as MeHg hereafter) concentrations in Arctic marine mammals have remained very high in recent decades. Toward a better understanding of the metabolic and toxicological implications of these high levels of MeHg, we report here on the molecular forms of MeHg in the muscle, brain, liver, and kidneys of 10 beluga whales from the western Canadian Arctic. In all tissues analyzed, monomethylmercury was found to be dominated by methylmercuric cysteinate, a specific form of MeHg believed to be able to transport across the blood–brain barrier. Another MeHg–thiol complex, methylmercuric glutathionate, was also detected in the muscle and, to a much lesser extent, in the liver and brain tissues. Furthermore, a profound inorganic Hg peak was detected in the liver and brain tissues, which showed the same retention time as a selenium (Se) peak, suggesting the presence of an Hg–Se complex, most likely an inorganic Hg complex with a selenoamino acid. These results provide the first analytical support that the binding of MeHg with glutathione and Se may have protected beluga whales from the toxic effect of high concentrations of MeHg in their body. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2732–2738. © 2011 SETAC
Insulation modelling for thermal FEM analysis of PVC and XLPE cables under fault conditions
Authors: Klimenta Dardan , Radosavljević Jordan , Jevtić Miroljub , Raičević Vladimir , Tasić Dragan , Todorović Andreja 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYAn approach to modelling of electrical and thermo‐physical properties in small cylindrical volumes of cable insulation, that is, insulation spot samples is presented in this paper. Apart from small leakage currents, high currents can flow through these spots under fault conditions, at the same time heating up and destroying the cable insulation in them as well. An introduction of models for electrical and thermo‐physical properties of the insulation to the nonlinear thermal finite element method (FEM) analysis of faults is demonstrated on the examples of short circuits that occurred in buried power cables. Nonlinearity of the thermal FEM model is based on the heat sources, electrical and thermo‐physical properties of polyvinyl‐chloride and cross‐linked polyethylene insulation as functions of temperature and/or time. According to the DIN VDE standards, the cable structures considered herein correspond to the NAYY 4×120 SM 0.6/1 kV and NA2XY 4×120 SM 0.6/1‐kV cables. The proposed models for insulation properties are applicable to the fault thermal FEM analysis of all multi‐core power cables laid in the soils, air or water. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lifts for evacuation—human behaviour considerations
Authors: Heyes Emma , Spearpoint Michael 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYTo predict the time that a building will take to be evacuated in an emergency and to design lift systems capable of dealing with the demand, building designers need an understanding of the likely exiting behaviour of occupants.Because of the inherent difficulties of carrying out research in human behaviour, a number of approaches have been used in this investigation, including analysis of data from past fire events and a number of surveys. The results from this work suggest that the split of occupants using the stairs or lifts to evacuate is governed predominantly by floor level of the occupant and that it is unreasonable to expect that occupants will wait indefinitely for a lift to arrive in an emergency situation. The drop‐off in the percentage of occupants that will continue to wait for a lift with increasing waiting time is dependent on floor height.These results will allow building designers to make more realistic assumptions when designing evacuation strategies incorporating lifts. It is also hoped that a better understanding of the reservations that building users may have about using lifts for evacuation in emergency situations will allow better occupant training programmes to be developed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sub‐micrometre coatings as an infrared mirror: A new route to flame retardancy
Authors: Schartel B. , Beck U. , Bahr H. , Hertwig A. , Knoll U. , Weise M. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYMost of the polymeric materials used are easy to ignite and show extensive flame spread along their surfaces. Apart from extensive heat release rates, their short time to ignition (tig), in particular, is a key fire hazard. Preventing ignition eliminates fire hazards completely. Protection layers that shift tig by more than an order of magnitude are powerful flame retardancy approaches presenting an alternative to the usual flame retardancy concepts.Coatings are proposed that consist of a three‐layer system to ensure adhesion to the substrate, acting as an infrared (IR) mirror and protecting against oxidation. The IR‐mirror layer stack is realised by physical vapour deposition in the sub‐micrometre (<1 µm) range, reducing heat absorption by up to an order of magnitude. Not only is the ease of ignition diminished (tig is increased by several minutes), the flame spread and fire growth indices are also remarkably reduced to as little as 1/10 of the values of the uncoated polymers open for further optimization. Sub‐micrometre thin IR‐mirror coatings yielding surface absorptivity <0.1 are proposed as a novel and innovative flame retardancy approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐perception of aging and acute medical events in chronically institutionalized middle‐aged and older persons with schizophrenia
Authors: Cheng Sheung‐Tak , Yip Leona C. Y. , Jim Olivia T. T. , Hui Anna N. N. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between self‐perceptions of aging and acute medical events in chronically institutionalized middle‐aged and older persons with schizophrenia.MethodsParticipants were 83 persons with schizophrenia (30% women; mean age = 58.48, SD = 8.14) residing in a long‐stay care home, who were without organic mental disorders, mental retardation, serious audiovisual impairment, and serious cognitive and physical impairment. They received assessments in body mass index, functional health, and global mental status, and responded to measures of self‐perception of aging at baseline. Acute events that required medical attention were recorded for the next 3 months.Results8% of the participants had acute medical events. Bivariate analysis suggested that number of comorbid medical conditions, mobility, Mini‐Mental State Examination, and negative self‐perception of aging were predictive of acute medical events. However, multivariate analysis (logistic regression) showed that only mobility (OR = 0.78, p = 0.04) and negative self‐perception of aging (OR = 3.38, p = 0.02) had independent effects on acute medical events, with the latter being the stronger predictor. Positive aging self‐perception, body mass index, and smoking were unrelated to medical events.ConclusionsPhysical vulnerabilities may not be sufficient to explain the development of acute medical events in late‐life schizophrenia. How individuals perceive their aging process, which is expected to regulate health behavior and help‐seeking, may be an even more important factor. Further research should investigate whether such self‐perceptions, which are probably rooted in stereotypes about aging socialized early in life, are modifiable in this population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's the story? The tale of reading fluency told at speed
Authors: Benjamin Christopher F. A. , Gaab Nadine 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFluent readers process written text rapidly and accurately, and comprehend what they read. Historically, reading fluency has been modeled as the product of discrete skills such as single word decoding. More recent conceptualizations emphasize that fluent reading is the product of competency in, and the coordination of, multiple cognitive sub‐skills (a multi‐componential view). In this study, we examined how the pattern of activation in core reading regions changes as the ability to read fluently is manipulated through reading speed. We evaluated 13 right‐handed adults with a novel fMRI task assessing fluent sentence reading and lower‐order letter reading at each participant's normal fluent reading speed, as well as constrained (slowed) and accelerated reading speeds. Comparing fluent reading conditions with rest revealed regions including bilateral occipito‐fusiform, left middle temporal, and inferior frontal gyral clusters across reading speeds. The selectivity of these regions' responses to fluent sentence reading was shown by comparison with the letter reading task. Region of interest analyses showed that at constrained and accelerated speeds these regions responded significantly more to fluent sentence reading. Critically, as reading speed increased, activation increased in a single reading‐related region: occipital/fusiform cortex (left > right). These results demonstrate that while brain regions engaged in reading respond selectively during fluent reading, these regions respond differently as the ability to read fluently is manipulated. Implications for our understanding of reading fluency, reading development, and reading disorders are discussed. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharyngoesophageal stricture after treatment for head and neck cancer
Authors: Wang Jing Jing , Goldsmith Tessa A. , Holman Allison S. , Cianchetti Marco , Chan Annie W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to report the risk of pharyngoesophageal stricture after treatment for head and neck cancer.MethodsHuman studies on radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy for head and neck cancer published in peer‐reviewed journals with assessment of pharyngoesophageal stricture with barium swallow or endoscopy were included.ResultsA total of 4727 patients from 26 studies treated between 1989 and 2008 were eligible for analysis. The reported overall risk of stricture was 7.2%. The risks of pharyngoesophageal stricture in both conventional and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) studies were 5.7% and 16.7%, respectively (p < .001). Use of concurrent (p < .001) and taxane (p = .01) chemotherapy was associated with the IMRT technique. Prospective studies reported a 3.3‐fold increased risk of stricture compared with that of retrospective studies (odds ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 2.3–4.8; p < .001).ConclusionsPharyngoesophageal stricture after IMRT and chemotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer is not uncommon. Videofluoroscopic swallow study should be performed prospectively to evaluate swallowing function. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Perspective of physicians within a multidisciplinary team: Content validation of the comprehensive ICF core set for head and neck cancer
Authors: Leib Andreas , Cieza Alarcos , Tschiesner Uta 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for Head and Neck Cancer (ICF‐HNC) is an application of the ICF and guides multidisciplinary cancer follow‐up and rehabilitation in patients with head and neck cancer. The objective of this study was to understand the role of physicians within the multidisciplinary team and to explore the content validity of the ICF‐HNC from the perspective of physicians.MethodsIn a 3‐round Delphi survey, physicians experienced in the treatment of head and neck cancer were asked what patients' problems, resources, and aspects of environment they treat. The responses of the first round were linked to the ICF. In the second round the participants received a list of identified ICF categories and were asked if these ICF categories represent patients' problems, resources, and aspects of the environment they treat. Round 3 required a reconsideration of the given answers in accord with the group response. The agreement of the linking process between 2 health care professionals was calculated using kappa statistics.ResultsIn all, 55 physicians from 25 countries gave 781 statements; 83 ICF categories were linked to the statements after the first round; 55 ICF categories reached consensus of ≥75% after the third round. Of these, 46 categories (84%) are already included in the ICF‐HNC. Within the entire ICF‐HNC, physicians treat most categories from body structures (88%) and functions (76%) and some categories from activities and participation (15%) and environmental factors (21%). The kappa coefficient for linking ICF categories was 0.988 (95% bootstrapped confidence interval: 0.95–0.99).ConclusionsThe content validity of the ICF‐HNC was supported by the perspective of physicians. This study supports the need for a multidisciplinary team. The aspects of functioning which are not treated by physicians should be addressed by timely involvement of other health professions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012