bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota and its relationship with early vascular ageing in a Spanish population (MIVAS study)
Authors: Salvado Rita , Santos‐Minguez Sandra , Lugones‐Sánchez Cristina , Gonzalez‐Sánchez Susana , Tamayo‐Morales Olaya , Quesada‐Rico José A. , Benito Rocío , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Emiliano , Gómez‐Marcos Manuel A. , Casado‐Vicente Verónica , Guimarães‐Cunha Pedro , Hernandez‐Rivas Jesús M. , Mira Alex , García‐Ortiz Luis ,   MIVAS investigators
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota and its by‐products are increasingly recognized as having a decisive role in cardiovascular diseases. The aim is to study the relationship between gut microbiota and early vascular ageing (EVA).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was developed in Salamanca (Spain) in which 180 subjects aged 45–74 years were recruited. EVA was defined by the presence of at least one of the following: carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV), cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) or brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (ba‐PWV) above the 90th percentile of the reference population. All other cases were considered normal vascular ageing (NVA). Measurements: cf‐PWV was measured by SphygmoCor® System; CAVI and ba‐PWV were determined by Vasera 2000® device. Gut microbiome composition in faecal samples was determined by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing.ResultsMean age was 64.4 ± 6.9 in EVA group and 60.4 ± 7.6 years in NVA (p < .01). Women in EVA group were 41% and 53% in NVA. There were no differences in the overall composition of gut microbiota between the two groups when evaluating Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio, alfa diversity (Shannon Index) and beta diversity (Bray‐Curtis). Bilophila, Faecalibacterium sp.UBA1819 and Phocea, are increased in EVA group. While Cedecea, Lactococcus, Pseudomonas, Succiniclasticum and Dielma exist in lower abundance. In logistic regression analysis, Bilophila (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.12–2.6, p = .013) remained significant.ConclusionsIn the studied Spanish population, early vascular ageing is positively associated with gut microbiota abundance of the genus Bilophila. No relationship was found between phyla abundance and measures of diversity.
Biscogniauxia rosacearum: A newly identified pathogen of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in North Africa
Authors: Yangui Islem , Hlaiem Sawssen , khadraoui Hadil , Messaoud Chokri , Ben Jamâa Mohamed Lahbib , Ezzine Olfa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiscogniauxia species are opportunistic pathogens primarily associated with Quercus species dieback in the Mediterranean basin. Among these species, Biscogniauxia mediterranea stands out as the only species previously documented in Tunisia, affecting Quercus suber and Erica multiflora. This study unveils a novel finding, reporting the presence of Biscogniauxia rosacearum on Strawberry trees in Tunisia. The identification of B. rosacearum isolates was confirmed based on DNA sequence data (ITS, TUB2 and ACT) and morphological traits. Artificial inoculation trials on leaves confirmed the pathogenicity of the fungus towards Arbutus unedo. This finding emphasizes the significance of implementing proactive measures to effectively combat this pathogen because of the polyphagous nature of Biscogniauxia species that raises concerns about its potential spread within vulnerable hosts in Tunisian oak forests.
Microbes alter substrate from mineral‐associated carbon to litterfall with nitrogen additions and warming
Authors: Min Kyungjin , Billings Sharon A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N) additions often decrease soil respiration and increase soil organic carbon (C) stock. However, it is unclear how microbial substrates may shift with N additions and increasing temperature. Leveraging 12 years of N fertilization experiments and the associated shift in the dominant vegetation from C4 to C3, we explored the δ13C‐CO2 and temperature sensitivities of respired CO2 and extracellular enzyme activities in control and fertilized soils. N additions increased cellulose‐decaying extracellular enzyme activity while respiration remained similar between the control and fertilized soils. Temperature sensitivity of cellulose‐decaying extracellular enzyme activity decreased with the N additions. The δ13C‐CO2 data reveal that, as temperature increased, microbes in fertilized soils changed their dominant substrate from bulk soil organic C to plant litterfall. Our results suggest that long‐term N fertilization imposed C limitation on microbes, leading to enhanced microbial efforts to acquire C. This study highlights how long‐term N additions can promote the relative preservation of organic C in mineral soil while litterfall, the precursor to mineral‐associated C, is increasingly decayed as temperatures increase.
Thanks to repetition, dustbathing detection can be automated combining accelerometry and wavelet analysis
Authors: Fonseca Rocio Guadalupe , Bosch Maria Candelaria , Spanevello Florencia Cecilia , de la Fuente Maria Victoria , Marin Raul Hector , Barberis Lucas , Kembro Jackelyn Melissa , Flesia Ana Georgina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBirds from at least a dozen orders engage in dustbathing, including Galliformes. Dustbathing is generally considered a behavioural need for poultry. It involves a precise and orderly sequence of movements repeated over time. The most characteristic movement involves tossing the dust with the wings and undulating the body beneath the dust shower. Thus, repetitive changes in body position during dustbathing could be automatically detected through data processing of body‐mounted accelerometer recordings. The approach was tested in 13 adult male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fitted with a body mounted triaxial accelerometer. Behaviour was video‐recorded for at least 6 h. Observations showed that when the animal lies on its left‐ or right‐side during dustbathing, the lateral (swaying) component of the acceleration vector adopts values of +1 or −1, respectively. Analysis shows that the bird repeats these shifts in body position every 25–60 s. The wavelet analysis (i.e. complex Morlet continuous wavelet transform (CWT)) detected this oscillatory behaviour within the time series as higher power values. This characteristic was used to automate the detection of dustbathing events, for which a threshold value for the maximum power value estimated was established for the corresponding range of scales between 25 and 60 s. The overall general accuracy of this classification method for dustbathing detection was 80%, with individual variations falling within the range of 66%–100%. Finally, an example of the potential of this method in the study of temporal dynamics, such as daily rhythms of dustbathing, is provided. Our results show that combining accelerometry and wavelet analysis could be useful for the assessment of intra‐ and inter‐individual variability in dustbathing dynamics over long‐term studies, even within large complex environments, such as natural habitats or breeding facilities. Moreover, this approach could open doors for future in‐depth studies exploring the relationship between dustbathing and poultry welfare.
Hurricanes pose a substantial risk to New England forest carbon stocks
Authors: Tumber‐Dávila Shersingh Joseph , Lucey Taylor , Boose Emery R. , Laflower Danelle , León‐Sáenz Agustín , Wilson Barry T. , MacLean Meghan Graham , Thompson Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNature‐based climate solutions (NCS) are championed as a primary tool to mitigate climate change, especially in forested regions capable of storing and sequestering vast amounts of carbon. New England is one of the most heavily forested regions in the United States (>75% forested by land area), and forest carbon is a significant component of climate mitigation policies. Large infrequent disturbances, such as hurricanes, are a major source of uncertainty and risk for policies relying on forest carbon for climate mitigation, especially as climate change is projected to alter the intensity and extent of hurricanes. To date, most research into disturbance impacts on forest carbon stocks has focused on fire. Here, we show that a single hurricane in the region can down between 121 and 250 MMTCO2e or 4.6%–9.4% of the total aboveground forest carbon, much greater than the carbon sequestered annually by New England's forests (16 MMTCO2e year−1). However, emissions from hurricanes are not instantaneous; it takes approximately 19 years for downed carbon to become a net emission and 100 years for 90% of the downed carbon to be emitted. Reconstructing hurricanes with the HURRECON and EXPOS models across a range of historical and projected wind speeds, we find that an 8% and 16% increase in hurricane wind speeds leads to a 10.7‐ and 24.8‐fold increase in the extent of high‐severity damaged areas (widespread tree mortality). Increased wind speed also leads to unprecedented geographical shifts in damage, both inland and northward, into heavily forested regions traditionally less affected by hurricanes. Given that a single hurricane can emit the equivalent of 10+ years of carbon sequestered by forests in New England, the status of these forests as a durable carbon sink is uncertain. Understanding the risks to forest carbon stocks from disturbances is necessary for decision‐makers relying on forests as a NCS.
Co‐encapsulated of potential probiotic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus and peanut skin polyphenolic extract as a functional ingredient
Authors: Centomo Antonella M. , Diaz Vergara Ladislao I. , Rossi Yanina E. , Vanden Braber Noelia L. , Bodoira Romina , Maestri Damián , Cavaglieri Lilia R. , Montenegro Mariana A. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the bioactive properties and storage stability of microcapsules (MCs) obtained by co‐encapsulation of the potential probiotic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus VM004 and peanut skin polyphenolic extract (PSE) by spray drying, using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and water‐soluble chitosan (WSCh) as wall materials. The results showed that the selected wall materials provided protection to yeast during spray drying, storage, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions, obtaining better results for WPC and higher concentrations of PSE. Moreover, all formulations demonstrated cytoprotective effects against menadione‐induced oxidative stress in normal rat ileum epithelial cells (IEC‐18) at all concentrations and storage temperatures evaluated. These results suggest that the obtained MCs could be potential functional food ingredients, considering their antioxidant, cytoprotective, and potential probiotic properties.
Post‐glacial recolonization and multiple scales of secondary contact contribute to contemporary Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) genomic variation in North America
Authors: Nugent Cameron M. , Kess Tony , Langille Barbara L. , Beck Samantha V. , Duffy Steven , Messmer Amber , Smith Nicole , Lehnert Sarah J. , Wringe Brendan F. , Kent Matthew , Bentzen Paul , Bradbury Ian R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimIn northern environments, periods of isolation during Pleistocene glaciations and subsequent recolonization and secondary contact have had a significant influence on contemporary diversity of many species. The recent advent of high‐resolution genomic analyses allows unprecedented power to resolve genomic signatures of such events in northern species. Here, we provide the highest resolution genomic characterization of Atlantic salmon in North America to date to infer glacial refugia and the geographic scales of post‐glacial secondary contact.LocationNorth America.TaxonAtlantic salmon, Salmo salar.MethodsSamples were collected for 5455 individuals from 148 populations, encompassing the majority of the Atlantic salmon's native range in North America, from Labrador to Maine. Individuals were genotyped using a 220K single nucleotide polymorphism array aligned to the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) genome. Spatial genetic structure (principal component analysis, k‐means clustering, admixture) was evaluated in conjunction with genomic comparisons of these identified lineages to infer the refugia during the last glacial maximum and regions of secondary contact following recolonization.ResultsSpatial genomic analyses identified three phylogeographic groups, consistent with the northward recolonization from two southern glacial refugia in North America (a western Maritime lineage and an eastern Newfoundland and Labrador lineage), with subsequent differentiation of the eastern lineage into two separate groups. Secondary contact among these North American groups was observed within the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, and evidence of trans‐Atlantic secondary contact was detected within the eastern Newfoundland and Labrador lineage. Comparison of groups from insular Newfoundland with those from mainland Labrador suggests genomic regions displaying high differentiation were characterized by elevated European admixture, suggesting a possible role of European secondary contact in population divergence.Main ConclusionsThese findings present the first evidence suggesting that genomic diversity in extant North American Atlantic salmon populations has resulted from allopatric isolation in two glacial refugia followed by both regional and trans‐Atlantic recolonization and secondary contact and demonstrate the power of genomic tools to resolve historical drivers of diversity in wild populations.
Does inclusion of miracle fruit powder within a model beverage affect taste of solutions subsequently consumed?
Authors: Greenaway Ruth E. , Beyts Pam , Mercogliano Christopher P. , Prakash Indra , Roberts Ashley , Sanderson Tracey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMiraculin is a glycoprotein present in miracle fruit berries (Richadella dulcifica or Synsepalum dulcificum) known to have taste modifying properties: conversion of sour into sweet taste. So far, research has shown that the effects occur when consuming miracle fruit powder or miracle fruit berries prior to consumption of a sour drink or food product. However, limited research has examined the effects of miraculin consumed within a food or drink product and if there might be any taste‐modifying effects on other food and drinks consumed subsequently. This research looks at miraculin, from freeze‐dried miracle fruit powder, served within model soft drink formulations at concentrations ethically approved for consumption in soft drink beverages (50 and 80 ppm miracle fruit powder). Three experiments were carried out. The first investigated how long any taste‐modifying effects would last following consumption and whether the effects were dose‐dependent. Experiment 2 looked at the effect of repeated exposure on perception of sweet, sour, and bitter tastes, whilst experiment 3 explored whether the receptor binding of miraculin in miracle fruit powder would affect sweetness perception of other sweeteners. All results showed minimal effects of using freeze‐dried miracle fruit powder within a model beverage at the 50 and 80 ppm levels suggesting that future water‐based beverages produced containing low levels of miraculin protein will have little or no taste‐modifying effects on foods and beverages subsequently consumed.Practical ApplicationsMiraculin, derived from miracle fruit berries, acts as a taste modifier and can change food or drink from tasting sour to tasting sweet. This property is known to occur if either a fresh or freeze‐dried powder of miraculin is ingested before food or drink. Miraculin has potential as an ingredient in water‐based beverages to enhance sweetness, reduce the undesirable aftertaste associated with some high‐potency sweeteners, and to add mouthfeel. However, until now, it was unknown whether, by adding miraculin to a beverage at levels considered safe for human consumption, the taste of other foods consumed with or after the beverage would be affected. Here, we show that a low level of miraculin protein within a water‐based beverage has little to no taste‐modifying effects on products that are subsequently consumed. Our study therefore opens new avenues for using miraculin as a taste modifier.
The epidemiology of tick infestation in dog breeds in the UK
Authors: O'Neill D. G. , Komutrattananon R. , Church D. B. , Hartley A. N. , Brodbelt D. C. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to report the prevalence and risk factors for tick infestation in dogs in the UK based on anonymised electronic patient records.Materials and MethodsClinical records of dogs under veterinary care in 2016 at clinics participating in the VetCompass Programme were followed over a 5‐year period to identify cases of tick infestation. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling.ResultsThe study included 905,553 dogs. From a random sample, 1903 tick infestation cases were identified. The estimated 5‐year (2014 to 2018) period prevalence was 2.03% (95% confidence interval: 2.00 to 2.06). Sixteen breeds showed increased odds compared with non‐designer‐crossbreed dogs. Breeds with the highest odds included Cairn terrier (odds ratio 2.86, 95% confidence interval 1.64 to 4.98), standard poodle (odds ratio 2.80, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 6.29) and Goldendoodle (odds ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 5.91). Six breeds showed reduced odds, with lowest odds shown by Staffordshire bull terrier (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.50), Rottweiler (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.85) and Chihuahua (odds ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.55). Males had 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.36) times the odds of females. Compared with non‐designer‐crossbred dogs, designer‐crossbreed dogs had increased odds (odds ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.52 to 2.15). Compared with breeds with short coats, breeds with medium length coats (odds ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.96 to 2.48) showed increased odds. Breeds with V‐shaped drop and pendulous ear carriage had higher odds compared with breeds with erect ear carriage.Clinical SignificanceThese findings provide an evidence base for veterinary professionals to raise awareness of tick infestation as a preventable disorder in dogs in the UK and to support more effective prevention and therapeutic protocols based on targeted approaches.
Best practices for iatrogenic anaemia prevention in the intensive care unit: Blood‐sparing techniques
Authors: Raurell‐Torredà Marta , Fernández‐Castillo Rafael‐Jesús , Rodríguez‐Delgado María‐Esther , Arias‐Rivera Susana , Basco‐Prado Luis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnaemia is a common issue in patients who are admitted to intensive care units and worsens their condition throughout the stay due to the extraction of blood for diagnostic purposes. It is also well‐known that an important amount of the carbon dioxide produced by health services is likely attributable to blood donation, testing and manufacture, storage or distribution of blood components. This must be taken into account to perform nursing interventions consistent with the idea of sustainable health care. In this regard, within patient blood management bundles, with the objective of minimizing the use of blood products, it is recommended to use blood‐sparing techniques: small volume tubes (SVT) or closed‐blood sampling devices (CBSD). Published studies before 2014 (excepting two more recent ones) have shown that by themselves, both techniques reduce drawn volume but do not decrease haemoglobin reduction and/or need of transfusion. Given the lack of cost‐effectiveness studies, it may be easier to implement the use of CBSD as it does not require prior consensus on the discard volume or adaptations in the processing of laboratory tests, as is the case with SVT.
Evidentialism, justification, and knowledge‐first
Authors: Bird Alexander 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between evidentialism, knowledge‐first epistemology, (E=K) in particular, and justification. Evidentialism gives an account of justified belief in terms of evidence but is silent on the nature of evidence. Knowledge‐first tells us what evidence is but stands in need of an agreed account of justification. So each might be able to supply what the other lacks. I argue that the combination of evidentialism, (E=K), and some plausible principles leads to the scepticism familiar from the Agrippan trilemma. I develop an Evidentialist Knowledge‐First view of justification that avoids scepticism by rejecting the entailment of justification by knowledge. This combination turns out to have unpalatable consequences. Nonetheless, the process of reaching that conclusion teaches lessons both to the evidentialist (regarding what evidence could be) and to the knowledge‐firster (regarding what justification is).
Elevated [CO2] and temperature augment gas exchange and shift the fitness landscape in a montane forb
Authors: Denney Derek A. , Patel Pratik , Anderson Jill T. 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Climate change is simultaneously increasing carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) and temperature. These factors could interact to influence plant physiology and performance. Alternatively, increased [CO2] may offset costs associated with elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the interaction between elevated temperature and [CO2] may differentially affect populations from along an elevational gradient and disrupt local adaptation.

We conducted a multifactorial growth chamber experiment to examine the interactive effects of temperature and [CO2] on fitness and ecophysiology of diverse accessions of Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae) sourced from a broad elevational gradient in Colorado. We tested whether increased [CO2] would enhance photosynthesis across accessions, and whether warmer conditions would depress the fitness of high‐elevation accessions owing to steep reductions in temperature with increasing elevation in this system. Elevational clines in [CO2] are not as evident, making it challenging to predict how locally adapted ecotypes will respond to elevated [CO2].

This experiment revealed that elevated [CO2] increased photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency across all accessions. However, these instantaneous responses to treatments did not translate to changes in fitness. Instead, increased temperatures reduced the probability of reproduction for all accessions. Elevated [CO2] and increased temperatures interacted to shift the adaptive landscape, favoring lower elevation accessions for the probability of survival and fecundity.

Our results suggest that elevated temperatures and [CO2] associated with climate change could have severe negative consequences, especially for high‐elevation populations.
Occupational Mobility of Routine Workers
Authors: Maczulskij Terhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that the decline in routine occupations and concurrent rise in abstract occupations are largely due to workers changing jobs. The reduction in routine manual tasks is further explained by workers transitioning to unemployment or retirement. In contrast, the increase in non‐routine manual occupations is primarily driven by the entry of young or unemployed individuals into the workforce. Plant closure information is used to identify involuntary job separations. These findings indicate that routine cognitive workers can adjust to smaller employment disruptions compared to routine manual workers among women. However, a contrasting pattern is observed for men.