bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery and status of native and introduced beavers Castor fiber and Castor canadensis in France and neighbouring countries
Authors: DEWAS Maeva , HERR Jan , SCHLEY Laurent , ANGST Christof , MANET Benoît , LANDRY Philippe , CATUSSE Michel 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
The Eurasian beaver Castor fiber suffered a drastic reduction in both geographical range and population size, due to human persecution, until the end of the 19th century. After the adoption of protection measures, natural expansion and reintroductions led to the recovery of this species over much of its European range.
We review historical events that led to the recovery of beavers in France, and summarize the status of beavers in various river systems. Beaver establishment in France is a story of overall success: several major river systems are presently occupied, so that the species is no longer at risk in France.
However, beaver recolonization took place in parallel with increasing human impacts on the environment. In addition to natural limiting factors, anthropogenic factors impeded beaver settlement in many areas. Today, beavers often occupy suboptimal habitats and, as a consequence, come into conflict with human activities. Effective solutions for preventing beaver damage include the restoration of riparian habitats to discourage crop damage and the provision of physical barriers to protect crops.
Beaver populations reintroduced into France all originate from the relict Rhône population. However, in recent years, beavers from populations in neighbouring countries have been expanding into north‐eastern France. Therefore, our review of beaver origin and distribution in these countries may contribute to the development of appropriate national management strategies and towards important decisions, e.g. the decision to try to keep Rhône beavers genetically isolated, or to allow populations to mix.
The recently discovered presence of North American beavers Castor canadensis in three countries surrounding France has raised an important issue. This species may out‐compete C. fiber in places where the species come into contact. A programme based on field‐trapping sessions and genetic analyses has recently been initiated in some western countries in order to eradicate this non‐native species.
More genetic data are needed before populations are mixed: response to ‘Sourcing Eurasian beaver Castor fiber stock for reintroductions in Great Britain and Western Europe’
Authors: ROSELL Frank , CAMPBELL‐PALMER Róisín , PARKER Howard 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTHalley described three options for sourcing Eurasian beavers Castor fiber for reintroduction in Britain and Western Europe: (i) use animals from populations within a single western evolutionarily significant unit (ESU); (ii) mix animals from two or three western ESUs; and (iii) mix animals from eastern and western ESUs. Option three contravenes International Union for Conservation of Nature guidelines, so debate should focus on options one and two. We believe there is a need for further genetic analysis, before a final decision can be made. This decision should not be heavily influenced by cost or be determined by the genotypes of existing captive or escaped populations.
Insights into the CtrA regulon in development of stress resistance in obligatory intracellular pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Authors: Cheng Zhihui , Miura Koshiro , Popov Vsevolod L. , Kumagai Yumi , Rikihisa Yasuko 
Published: October 2011

SummaryEhrlichia chaffeensis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Ehrlichiae have a biphasic developmental cycle consisting of dense‐cored cells (DCs) and reticulate cells (RCs). Isolated DCs are more stress resistant and infectious than RCs. Here, we report that a response regulator, CtrA was upregulated in human monocytes at the late growth stage when DCs develop. E. chaffeensis CtrA bound to the promoters of late‐stage transcribed genes: ctrA, ompA (peptidoglycan‐associated lipoprotein), bolA (stress‐induced morphogen) and surE (stationary‐phase survival protein), which contain CtrA‐binding motifs, and transactivated ompA, surE and bolA promoter–lacZ fusions in Escherichia coli. OmpA was predominantly expressed in DCs. E. chaffeensis binding to and subsequent infection of monocytes were inhibited by anti‐OmpA IgG. E. chaffeensis BolA bound to the promoters of genes encoding outer surface proteins TRP120 and ECH_1038, which were expressed in DCs, and transactivated trp120 and ECH_1038 promoter–lacZ fusions. E. chaffeensis bolA complemented a stress‐sensitive E. coli bolA mutant. E. coli expressing E. chaffeensis SurE exhibited increased resistance to osmotic stress. Our results suggest that E. chaffeensis CtrA plays a role in co‐ordinating development of the stress resistance for passage from the present to the next host cells through its regulon.
Fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase (class II) is the primary site of nickel toxicity in Escherichia coli
Authors: Macomber Lee , Elsey Scott P. , Hausinger Robert P. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryNickel is toxic to all forms of life, but the mechanisms of cell damage are unknown. Indeed, environmentally relevant nickel levels (8 µM) inhibit wild‐type Escherichia coli growth on glucose minimal medium. The same concentration of nickel also inhibits growth on fructose, but not succinate, lactate or glycerol; these results suggest that fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase (FbaA) is a target of nickel toxicity. Cells stressed by 8 µM Ni(II) for 20 min lost 75% of their FbaA activity, demonstrating that FbaA is inactivated during nickel stress. Furthermore, overexpression of fbaA restored growth of an rcnA mutant in glucose minimal medium supplemented with 4 µM Ni(II), thus confirming that FbaA is a primary target of nickel toxicity. This class II aldolase has an active site zinc and a non‐catalytic zinc nearby. Purified FbaA lost 80 % of its activity within 2 min when challenged with 8 µM Ni(II). Nickel‐challenged FbaA lost 0.8 zinc and gained 0.8 nickel per inactivated monomer. FbaA mutants (D144A and E174A) affecting the non‐catalytic zinc were resistant to nickel inhibition. These results define the primary site of nickel toxicity in E. coli as the class II aldolase FbaA through binding to the non‐catalytic zinc site.
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) as a tracer for canopy photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance: potential and limitations†
Authors: WOHLFAHRT GEORG , BRILLI FEDERICO , HÖRTNAGL LUKAS , XU XIAOBIN , BINGEMER HEINZ , HANSEL ARMIN , LORETO FRANCESCO 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe theoretical basis for the link between the leaf exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H2O) and the assumptions that need to be made in order to use COS as a tracer for canopy net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance, are reviewed. The ratios of COS to CO2 and H2O deposition velocities used to this end are shown to vary with the ratio of the internal to ambient CO2 and H2O mole fractions and the relative limitations by boundary layer, stomatal and internal conductance for COS. It is suggested that these deposition velocity ratios exhibit considerable variability, a finding that challenges current parameterizations, which treat these as vegetation‐specific constants. COS is shown to represent a better tracer for CO2 than H2O. Using COS as a tracer for stomatal conductance is hampered by our present poor understanding of the leaf internal conductance to COS. Estimating canopy level CO2 and H2O fluxes requires disentangling leaf COS exchange from other ecosystem sources/sinks of COS. We conclude that future priorities for COS research should be to improve the quantitative understanding of the variability in the ratios of COS to CO2 and H2O deposition velocities and the controlling factors, and to develop operational methods for disentangling ecosystem COS exchange into contributions by leaves and other sources/sinks. To this end, integrated studies, which concurrently quantify the ecosystem‐scale CO2, H2O and COS exchange and the corresponding component fluxes, are urgently needed.
A leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase gene is involved in the specification of outer cell layers in rice roots
Authors: Huang Chao‐Feng , Yamaji Naoki , Ono Kazuko , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: October 2011

SummaryRoot outer cell layers of Oryza sativa (rice), which comprise the epidermis, exodermis and sclerenchyma, play an important role in protecting the roots from various stresses in soil, but the molecular mechanisms for the specification of these cell layers are poorly understood. In this work, we report on defective in outer cell layer specification 1 (Docs1), which is involved in the specification of outer cell layers in rice roots. Docs1 was isolated by map‐based cloning using a mutant (c68) defective in the outer cell layers of primary roots. It encodes a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase (LRR RLK). Docs1 mRNA was expressed in all tissues including roots, leaf blades and sheaths, and flowers. Immunostaining with an anti‐Docs1 antibody showed that Docs1 was localized at the epidermis and exodermis, depending on the root region. Furthermore, Docs1 showed polar localization at the distal side. Subcellular examination showed that Docs1 was localized to the plasma membrane. Comparison of genome‐wide transcriptional profiles between the wild‐type and the knock‐out mutant roots using microarray analysis showed that 61 and 41 genes were up‐ and downregulated in the mutant, including genes encoding putative transcription factors and genes potentially involved in cell wall metabolism. These results suggest that Docs1 might directly or indirectly regulate multiple genes involved in the proper development of root outer cell layers in rice.
The chloroplast division mutant caa33 of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the crucial impact of chloroplast homeostasis on stress acclimation and retrograde plastid‐to‐nucleus signaling
Authors: Šimková Klára , Kim Chanhong , Gacek Katarzyna , Baruah Aiswarya , Laloi Christophe , Apel Klaus 
Published: October 2011

SummaryRetrograde plastid‐to‐nucleus signaling tightly controls and coordinates the nuclear and plastid gene expression that is required for plastid biogenesis and chloroplast activity. As chloroplasts act as sensors of environmental changes, plastid‐derived signaling also modulates stress responses of plants by transferring stress‐related signals and altering nuclear gene expression. Various mutant screens have been undertaken to identify constituents of plastid signaling pathways. Almost all mutations identified in these screens target plastid‐specific but not extraplastidic functions. They have been suggested to define either genuine constituents of retrograde signaling pathways or components required for the synthesis of plastid signals. Here we report the characterization of the constitutive activator of AAA‐ATPase (caa33) mutant, which reveals another way of how mutations that affect plastid functions may modulate retrograde plastid signaling. caa33 disturbs a plastid‐specific function by impeding plastid division, and thereby perturbing plastid homeostasis. This results in preconditioning plants by activating the expression of stress genes, enhancing pathogen resistance and attenuating the capacity of the plant to respond to plastid signals. Our study reveals an intimate link between chloroplast activity and the susceptibility of the plant to stress, and emphasizes the need to consider the possible impact of preconditioning on retrograde plastid‐to‐nucleus signaling.
Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients: a case series
Authors: de Andrade Luís G.M. , Rodrigues Maria A.M. , Romeiro Fernando G. , Carvalho Maria F.C. 
Published: October 2011

de Andrade LGM, Rodrigues MAM, Romeiro FG, Carvalho MFC. Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients: a case series.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01514.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The purpose of this article was to report a series of 23 renal transplant recipients with histologically proven and immunohistochemically confirmed cytomegalovirus (CMV) lesions in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and to assess the risk factors associated with severe disease/mortality. CMV patients (n = 23) were allocated into two groups: those who died (n = 6) and those considered cured (n = 17). Overall mortality rate was 26% (6/23). Initial symptoms suggestive of lower GIT involvement were observed in all death cases and in 35.3% of those cured (p = 0.01). Enterorrhagia was seen in 83.3% of the patients who died. Death risk increased twofold (RR 2 [1.13–3.52], p = 0.01) when symptoms of lower GIT involvement were initially observed and sixfold when enterrohagia was present (RR 6 [1.1–35.9], p = 0.001). Among death cases, mean time at diagnosis was significantly more distant (2002 ± 2.9 × 2008 ± 1.6, p = 0.04). The difference in mortality rates seen as service practices changed along the years demonstrates the importance of early diagnosis.
Sublingual immunotherapy not effective in house dust mite–allergic children in primary care
Authors: de Bot Cindy M. A. , Moed Heleen , Berger Marjolein Y. , Röder Esther , Hop Wim C. J. , de Groot Hans , de Jongste Johan C. , Gerth van Wijk Roy , Bindels Patrick J. E. , van der Wouden Johannes C. 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article: de Bot CMA, Moed H, Berger MY, Röder E, Hop WCJ, de Groot H, de Jongste JC, van Wijk RG, Bindels PJE, van der Wouden JC. Sublingual immunotherapy not effective in house dust mite–allergic children in primary care. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; Doi: 10.1111/j.1399‐3038.2011.01219.xAbstractBackground:  Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) as a therapy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children might be acceptable as an alternative for subcutaneous immunotherapy. However, the efficacy of SLIT with house dust mite extract is not well established.Objective:  To investigate whether SLIT in house dust mite–allergic children recruited in primary care is effective and safe.Methods:  Children aged 6–18 years (n = 251) recruited in primary care with a house dust mite–induced allergic rhinitis received either SLIT or placebo for 2 years. Symptoms and medication use were assessed throughout the study. Primary outcome parameter was the mean total nose symptom score (scales 0–12) during the autumn of the second treatment year. Safety was assessed by recording any adverse event.Results:  Overall, the mean nose symptom score ± s.d. after 2 years of treatment showed no significant effect of SLIT (symptom score intervention group 2.26 ± 1.84 vs. placebo group, 2.02 ± 1.67; p = 0.08). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes, nor in subgroup analyses. The number of patients reporting adverse events was comparable between both groups.Conclusions:  Sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mite allergen was not better than placebo in reducing rhinitis symptoms in house dust mite–allergic children in primary care. SLIT as administered in this study can be considered safe.
Practices in the prescription of adrenaline autoinjectors
Authors: Johnson Mark J. , Foote Keith D. , Moyses Helen E. , Roberts Graham 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article: Johnson MJ, Foote KD, Moyses HE, Roberts G. Practices in the prescription of adrenaline autoinjectors. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; Doi: 10.1111/j.1399‐3038.2011.01221.xAbstractBackground:  Anecdotally, the prescription of adrenaline autoinjectors seems to be very variable. We aimed to survey the practice in this area and look at the differences between paediatric allergists and general paediatricians, the factors influencing prescription and implementation of current guidelines.Methods:  We developed an online survey containing 10 paediatric allergy cases and emailed a link to paediatricians. Respondents were asked to identify their prescribing decision in each case, the factors influencing their decisions and which guidelines they had read.Results:  Responses were collated from 54 paediatric allergists and 27 general paediatricians. Almost all respondents had read at least one guideline. Prescribing decisions were very inconsistent, and significant influencing factors included peanut or tree nut allergy, trace reactions, remote facilities and parental anxiety.Conclusions:  This study demonstrates that most paediatricians have read at least one anaphylaxis guideline. However, reading the guidelines does not seem to have influenced their daily practice. This suggests that there is a need for improved implementation of anaphylaxis guidelines amongst paediatricians.
Facial emotion recognition and its relationship to subjective and functional outcomes in remitted patients with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Hoertnagl Christine M , Muehlbacher Moritz , Biedermann Falko , Yalcin Nursen , Baumgartner Susanne , Schwitzer Georg , Deisenhammer Eberhard A , Hausmann Armand , Kemmler Georg , Benecke Cord , Hofer Alex 
Published: October 2011

Hoertnagl CM, Muehlbacher M, Biedermann F, Yalcin N, Baumgartner S, Schwitzer G, Deisenhammer EA, Hausmann A, Kemmler G, Benecke C, Hofer A. Facial emotion recognition and its relationship to subjective and functional outcomes in remitted patients with bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 537–544. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Outcome in bipolar disorder (BD) is multidimensional and consists of clinical and psychosocial domains. Difficulties in affect recognition and in emotional experience are a hallmark of BD, but there is little research investigating the consequences of this deficit on the psychosocial status of patients who are in remission.Methods:  This cross‐sectional study examined the relationship of facial affect recognition and treatment outcomes in terms of psychopathology, quality of life, and psychosocial functioning in remitted BD patients compared to healthy volunteers.Results:  Altogether, 47 outpatients meeting diagnostic criteria for bipolar I disorder according to DSM‐IV and 45 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Patients were particularly impaired in the recognition of facial expressions depicting disgust and happiness. For patients, the most frequently observed misidentifications included disgusted faces misrecognized as angry expressions, fearful faces misrecognized as disgusted or surprised expressions, surprised faces misrecognized as fearful expressions, and sad faces misrecognized as fearful or angry expressions. Regarding emotional experience, shame, guilt, sadness, fear, lifelessness, loneliness, and existential fear were experienced more intensely by patients.Conclusions:  These findings demonstrate deficits in experiencing and recognizing emotions in BD patients who are in remission and underscore the relevance of these deficits in the psychosocial context.
Cognitive manic symptoms associated with the P2RX7 gene in bipolar disorder
Authors: Backlund Lena , Nikamo Pernilla , Hukic Dzana Sudic , Ek Inger Römer , Träskman‐Bendz Lil , Landén Mikael , Edman Gunnar , Schalling Martin , Frisén Louise , Ösby Urban 
Published: October 2011

Backlund L, Nikamo P, Sudic Hukic D, Römer EK I, Träskman‐Bendz L, Landén M, Edman G, Schalling M, Frisén L, Ösby U. Cognitive manic symptoms associated with the P2RX7 gene in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 500–508. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Several genetic loci have been suggested to be associated with bipolar disorder but results have been inconsistent. Studying associations between bipolar symptoms and candidate genes may better expose this relationship. Here we investigate the association between bipolar key symptoms and the P2RX7 gene.Methods:  Key symptoms of mania were rated in two sets of medicated bipolar disorder patients (n = 171 and n = 475) at two specialized outpatient clinics for affective disorders and three regular psychiatric outpatient units in Sweden. The relationships between all manic symptoms according to DSM‐IV were entered in a principal component analysis. We used a case–case model to reduce the genetic heterogeneity and tested associations between four factors related to manic symptoms and their association to four single nucleotide polymorphisms in the P2RX7 gene.Results:  The combination of the cognitive symptoms, distractibility, talkativeness, and thought disorder was significantly associated with rs1718119 in the P2RX7 gene in Set 1 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.78; p = 0.011]. The association was re‐tested in the second set (OR = 1.42; p = 0.009). In the total sample, the association was even stronger (OR = 1.49; p < 0.001). None of the other factors was associated with the P2RX7 gene. Within the first factor, the distractibility symptom accounted for a significant portion of the association to rs1718119 (p = 0.016).Conclusion:  There is an association between specific symptoms of bipolar disorder and the P2RX7 gene. This finding may open up new approaches to elucidating the neurobiology behind bipolar symptoms.
Genetic correlations between males, females and castrates for residual feed intake, feed conversion ratio, growth rate and carcass composition traits in Large White growing pigs
Authors: Saintilan R. , Sellier P. , Billon Y. , Gilbert H. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryData were collected in the course of a divergent selection experiment for residual feed intake (RFI) of Large White growing pigs. This data set was used to estimate (i) heritability for RFI and genetic correlations of RFI with growth and carcass traits within the three sexes (male, castrate and female) and (ii) genetic correlations between sexes for these traits. Individual feed intake of animals raised in collective pens was measured by single‐place electronic feeders on 1121 males (candidates for selection), 508 females and 535 castrates (sibs of candidates). Variance components were estimated using the REML methodology applied to a multitrait animal model. Estimates of heritability for RFI were 0.16 ± 0.04, 0.16 ± 0.08 and 0.23 ± 0.10 for males, females and castrates, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations between sexes for homologous traits were not significantly different from 1 (0.88 to 0.99 for RFI, 0.79 to 0.99 for growth traits and 0.65 to 0.99 for carcass composition traits). The relatively low genetic correlations between castrates and males or females for backfat thickness (0.65 and 0.69, respectively) suggest the presence of genotype by sex interactions for this trait.