bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of pathologic extent of disease for clinically localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and subsequent use of adjuvant radiation in a national cohort
Authors: Schreiber David , Rineer Justin , Yu James B. , Olsheski Michelle , Nwokedi Emmanuel , Schwartz David , Choi Kwang , Rotman Marvin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was analyzed to explore the pathologic extent of disease for clinically localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy as well as the use of adjuvant radiation in this population.METHODS:Identified were patients from 2004 to 2006 with clinically staged T1c‐2cNx‐0M0 prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy. All patients had complete clinical and pathologic data. The use of postoperative radiation was recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify unadjusted and adjusted predictors for extraprostatic disease or positive surgical margins and for adjuvant radiation use.RESULTS:A total of 35,642 patients were identified. For those patients with Gleason 7 (4 + 3) and a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of ≥10.1 ng/mL or Gleason 8 to 10 with any PSA level, the rate of organ‐confined disease with negative surgical margins was found to be <50%. Of those with indications for adjuvant radiation, 11.1% received the treatment.CONCLUSIONS:This large population‐based study detailed the risk of extraprostatic extension and positive surgical margins in a broad setting across multiple regions and communities, as well as the use of adjuvant radiation for these patients. As of 2006, 11.1% of patients who had indications for adjuvant radiation received this treatment, providing a useful baseline for future patterns of care studies. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Management of acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma
Authors: Tejwani Ajay , Kobayashi Wendy , Chen Yen‐Lin Evelyn , Rosenberg Andrew E. , Yoon Sam , Raskin Kevin A. , Rosenthal Daniel I. , Nielsen Gunnlaugur P. , Hornicek Francis J. , DeLaney Thomas F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (AMFS) is a rare, low‐grade sarcoma that commonly affects the distal extremities. From the published cases, therapy for AMFS to date has been comprised of excision or amputation, with limited use of radiotherapy (RT) or chemotherapy. In this report, the outcome of 17 patients with AMFS treated at the study institution was reported.METHODS:A retrospective review of all cases of AMFS identified in the Sarcoma Database in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the study institution was conducted. Treatment records and data from follow‐up visits of patients were reviewed.RESULTS:Seventeen patients were identified. All the patients underwent surgical resection (15 excisions and 2 amputations). Positive surgical margins after excisions were noted in 5 patients and were widely positive in 1 patient. Of the 17 patients, 14 patients received some form of RT. The average total dose was 56.4 Gray (Gy). Eight patients received preoperative RT alone, 5 patients received preoperative RT and postoperative RT, and 1 patient received preoperative RT and intraoperative RT. Median follow‐up was 24.5 months. One patient presented with recurrent disease and was treated with resection, and both pre‐ and postoperative RT. He was free of disease 23 months after his last treatment. No local recurrence was noted in the remaining patients. Of the 14 patients undergoing preoperative RT, complete pathologic necrosis or no tumor was noted in 1 of the patients. No metastatic disease was observed in any of the patients. There was no significant radiation toxicity observed in any of the patients.CONCLUSIONS:Data were consistent with local control of distal extremity sarcomas with resection and RT, suggesting that limb‐sparing surgery with this treatment combination is an appropriate option in the limb‐sparing control of patients with AMFS, even those with positive surgical margins. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Cytology of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration versus conventional transbronchial needle aspiration
Authors: Stoll Lisa Marie , Yung Rex Chin Wei , Clark Douglas P. , Li Qing Kay 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Conventional endoscopic transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a common procedure used to obtain samples for diagnosing and staging lung lesions. Recently, endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) has been developed and increasingly used by clinicians. Clinical data suggest that EBUS‐TBNA has higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional TBNA in staging lung cancers. In this study, the authors have investigated the cytological features and compared the diagnostic yield of these procedures in lung cancer patients.METHODS:A computer search of the cytopathology archives at The Johns Hopkins Hospital revealed 188 EBUS‐TBNA cases (308 lymph nodes; 47 lung lesions) and 74 TBNA cases (106 lymph nodes; 44 lung lesions) over a 28‐month period. All cytological material was correlated with available corresponding surgical material.RESULTS:The most frequently sampled lymph nodes were stations 4R and 7 in both TBNA and EBUS‐TBNA; in addition, the EBUS‐TBNA showed a wide range of lymph node sampling. EBUS‐TBNA had a significantly lower nondiagnostic rate (8.7%) compared with TBNA (28.3%, P < .05) in staging lung cancers. In lymph node sampling, the sensitivity and specificity were 54.5% and 100% in the TBNA group and 85.2% and 100% in the EBUS‐TBNA group. In lung specimens, the nondiagnostic rates of TBNA and EBUS‐TBNA were 6.8% and 4.3%, respectively (P > .05), and the sensitivity and specificity were 78.9% and 100% in the TBNA group; and 89.5% and 100% in the EBUS‐TBNA group.CONCLUSIONS:Findings indicated that EBUS‐FNA cytology is an optimal modality for diagnosing and staging in lung cancer patients, in comparison to conventional TBNA. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Quantitative analysis of the bilateral brainstem projections from the whisker and forepaw regions in rat primary motor cortex
Authors: Alloway Kevin D. , Smith Jared B. , Beauchemin Kyle J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe whisker region in rat primary motor (MI) cortex projects to several brainstem regions, but the relative strength of these projections has not been characterized. We recently quantified the MI projections to bilateral targets in the forebrain (Alloway et al. [2009] J Comp Neurol 515:548–564), and the present study extends those findings by quantifying the MI projections to bilateral targets in the brainstem. We found that both the whisker and forepaw regions in MI project most strongly to the basal pons and superior colliculus. While the MI forepaw region projects mainly to the ipsilateral basilar pons, the MI whisker region has significantly more connections with the contralateral side. This bilateral difference suggests that corticopontine projections from the MI whisker region may have a role in coordinating bilateral whisker movements. Anterograde tracer injections in MI did not reveal any direct projections to the facial nucleus, but retrograde tracer injections in the facial nucleus revealed some labeled neurons in MI cortex. The number of retrogradely labeled neurons in MI, however, was dwarfed by a much larger number of labeled neurons in the superior colliculus and other brainstem regions. Together, our anterograde and retrograde tracing results indicate that the superior colliculus provides the most effective route for transmitting information from MI to the facial nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4546–4566, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression patterns of corticotropin‐releasing factor, arginine vasopressin, histidine decarboxylase, melanin‐concentrating hormone, and orexin genes in the human hypothalamus
Authors: Krolewski David M. , Medina Adriana , Kerman Ilan A. , Bernard Rene , Burke Sharon , Thompson Robert C. , Bunney William E. , Schatzberg Alan F. , Myers Richard M. , Akil Huda , Jones Edward G. , Watson Stanley J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe hypothalamus regulates numerous autonomic responses and behaviors. The neuroactive substances corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), arginine‐vasopressin (AVP), histidine decarboxylase (HDC), melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH), and orexin/hypocretins (ORX) produced in the hypothalamus mediate a subset of these processes. Although the expression patterns of these genes have been well studied in rodents, less is known about them in humans. We combined classical histological techniques with in situ hybridization histochemistry to produce both 2D and 3D images and to visually align and quantify expression of the genes for these substances in nuclei of the human hypothalamus. The hypothalamus was arbitrarily divided into rostral, intermediate, and caudal regions. The rostral region, containing the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), was defined by discrete localization of CRF‐ and AVP‐expressing neurons, whereas distinct relationships between HDC, MCH, and ORX mRNA‐expressing neurons delineated specific levels within the intermediate and caudal regions. Quantitative mRNA signal intensity measurements revealed no significant differences in overall CRF or AVP expression at any rostrocaudal level of the PVN. HDC mRNA expression was highest at the level of the premammillary area, which included the dorsomedial and tuberomammillary nuclei as well as the dorsolateral hypothalamic area. In addition, the overall intensity of hybridization signal exhibited by both MCH and ORX mRNA‐expressing neurons peaked in distinct intermediate and caudal hypothalamic regions. These results suggest that human hypothalamic neurons involved in the regulation of the HPA axis display distinct neurochemical patterns that may encompass multiple local nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4591–4611, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Astroglial structures in the zebrafish brain
Authors: Grupp Larissa , Wolburg Hartwig , Mack Andreas F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo understand components shaping the neuronal environment we studied the astroglial cells in the zebrafish brain using immunocytochemistry for structural and junctional markers, electron microscopy including freeze fracturing, and probed for the water channel protein aquaporin‐4. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) showed largely overlapping immunoreactivity: GFAP in the main glial processes and GS in main processes and smaller branches. Claudin‐3 immunoreactivity was spread in astroglial cells along their major processes. The ventricular lining was immunoreactive for the tight‐junction associated protein ZO‐1, in the telencephalon located on the dorsal, lateral, and medial surface due to the everting morphogenesis. In the tectum, subpial glial endfeet were also positive for ZO‐1. Correspondingly, electron microscopy revealed junctional complexes between subpial glial endfeet. However, in freeze‐fracture analysis tight junctional strands were not found between astroglial membranes, either in the optic tectum or in the telencephalon. Occurrence of aquaporin‐4, the major astrocytic water channel in mammals, was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and immunocytochemistry in tectum and telencephalon. Localization of aquaporin‐4 was not polarized but distributed along the entire radial extent of the cell. Interestingly, their membranes were devoid of the orthogonal arrays of particles formed by aquaporin‐4 in mammals. Finally, we investigated astroglial cells in proliferative areas. Brain lipid basic protein, a marker of early glial differentiation but not GS, were present in some proliferation zones, whereas cells lining the ventricle were positive for both markers. Thus, astroglial cells in the zebrafish differ in many aspects from mammalian astrocytes. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4277–4287, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tracer coupling of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells to amacrine cells in the mouse retina
Authors: Pérez de Sevilla Müller Luis , Do Michael Tri H. , Yau King‐Wai , He Shigang , Baldridge William H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a subtype of ganglion cell in the mammalian retina that expresses the photopigment melanopsin and drives non‐image‐forming visual functions. Three morphological subtypes of ipRGCs (M1, M2, and M3) have been described based on their dendritic stratifications in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), but the question of their potential interactions via electrical coupling remains unsettled. In this study, we have addressed this question in the mouse retina by, injecting the tracer Neurobiotin into ipRGCs that had been genetically labelled with the fluorescent protein, tdTomato. We confirmed the presence of the M1–M3 subtypes of ipRGCs based on their distinct dendritic stratifications. All three subtypes were tracer coupled to putative amacrine cells situated within the ganglion cell layer (GCL) but not the inner nuclear layer (INL). The cells tracer coupled to the M1 and M2 cells were shown to be widefield GABA‐immunoreactive amacrine cells. We found no evidence of homologous tracer coupling of ipRGCs or heterologous coupling to other types of ganglion cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4813–4824, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression pattern of membrane‐associated guanylate kinases in interneurons of the visual cortex
Authors: Akgul Gulcan , Wollmuth Lonnie P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGABAergic interneurons are key elements regulating the activity of local circuits, and abnormal inhibitory circuits are implicated in certain psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases. The glutamatergic input that interneurons receive is a key determinant of their activity, yet its molecular structure and development, which are often distinct from those of glutamatergic input to pyramidal cells, are poorly defined. The membrane‐associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) homologs PSD‐95/SAP90, PSD‐93/chapsyn110, SAP97, and SAP102 are central organizers of the postsynaptic density at excitatory synapses on pyramidal neurons. We therefore studied the cell‐type‐specific and developmental expression of MAGUKs in the nonoverlapping parvalbumin (PV)‐ and somatostatin (SOM)‐positive interneurons in the visual cortex. These interneuron subtypes account for the vast majority of interneurons in the cortex and have different functional properties and postsynaptic structures, being either axodendritic (PV+) or axospinous (SOM+). To study cell‐type‐specific MAGUK expression, we used DIG‐labeled riboprobes against each MAGUK along with antibodies against either PV or SOM and examined tissue from juvenile (P15) and adult mice. Both PV+ and SOM+ interneurons express mRNA for PSD‐95, PSD‐93, and SAP102 in P15 and adult tissue. In contrast, these interneuron subtypes express SAP97 at P15, but for adult visual cortex we found that most PV+ and SOM+ interneurons show low or no expression of SAP97. Given the importance of SAP97 in regulating AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit and NMDA receptor subunits at glutamatergic synapses, these results suggest a developmental shift in glutamate receptor subunit composition and regulation of glutamatergic synapses on PV+ and SOM+ interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4842–4854, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cxcr4 and Cxcl12 expression in radial glial cells of the brain of adult zebrafish
Authors: Diotel Nicolas , Vaillant Colette , Gueguen Marie‐Madeleine , Mironov Svetlana , Anglade Isabelle , Servili Arianna , Pellegrini Elisabeth , Kah Olivier 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUnlike that of mammals, the brain of adult teleost fish exhibits an intense and widespread neurogenic activity as a result of the persistence of radial glial cells acting as neural progenitors throughout life. Because chemokines, notably CXCL12, and their receptors, such as CXCR4, play key roles in mammalian embryonic neurogenesis, we investigated Cxcr4 and Cxcl12 expressions in the brain of adult zebrafish and their potential relationships with cell proliferation. Cxcr4 expression was found to be restricted to radial glial cells in the adult zebrafish, where it is co‐expressed with established radial glial cell markers, such as brain lipid‐binding protein (Blbp) or the estrogen‐synthesizing enzyme aromatase B (Cyp19a1b). Double stainings combining proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cxcr4 immunolabelling indicated that there is no obvious association between Cxcr4 expression and radial glial cell proliferation. Interestingly, cxcl12a messengers were detected in ventricular regions, in cells corresponding to aromatase B‐immunoreactive radial glial cells. Altogether, our data demonstrate Cxcl12 and Cxcr4 expression in radial glial cells of the brain of adult zebrafish, supporting important roles for the Cxcl12/Cxcr4 pair in brain development and functioning. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4855–4876, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subdivisions of the turtle Pseudemys scripta subpallium based on the expression of regulatory genes and neuronal markers
Authors: Moreno Nerea , Morona Ruth , López Jesús M. , González Agustín 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe patterns of distribution of a set of conserved brain developmental regulatory transcription factors and neuronal markers were analyzed in the subpallium of the juvenile turtle, Pseudemys scripta. Immunohistochemical techniques were used with a combination of primary antibodies for the identification of the main boundaries and subdivisions in the basal telencephalon. In the basal ganglia, the combinatorial expression on Pax6, Nkx2.1, and GABA was a powerful tool for the identification of the nucleus accumbens, the dorsal portion of the striatum, and the pallidal regions. It was also possible to suggest migratory streams of neurons from the pallidum into the striatal regions. On the basis of GABA, Pax6, Tbr1, tyrosine hydroxylase, Darpp32, and Nkx2.1 combinatorial expression patterns, the boundaries of the septal subdivisions and their embryological origin were assessed. In particular, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis was identified. Within the amygdaloid complex, the striatal central amygdala was characterized by Pax6 expression, whereas Orthopedia gene expression highlighted, at least, a subdivision of the medial amygdala. A newly identified preoptic commissural area and the boundaries of the preoptic area were assessed, mainly by the localization of Nkx2.1 expression. Finally, additional data were obtained by combining immunohistochemistry and tracing techniques on the interneuronal nature of the cholinerginergic, nitrergic, and Nkx2.1‐positive striatal cells. Taken together, all the results of the present study allowed recognizing main features in the organization of the subpallium in reptiles that, in most cases, are shared with other amniotes and amphibians. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4877–4902, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A data dependency based strategy for intermediate data storage in scientific cloud workflow systems
Authors: Yuan Dong , Yang Yun , Liu Xiao , Zhang Gaofeng , Chen Jinjun 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYMany scientific workflows are data intensive where large volumes of intermediate data are generated during their execution. Some valuable intermediate data need to be stored for sharing or reuse. Traditionally, they are selectively stored according to the system storage capacity, determined manually. As doing science in the cloud has become popular nowadays, more intermediate data can be stored in scientific cloud workflows based on a pay‐for‐use model. In this paper, we build an intermediate data dependency graph (IDG) from the data provenance in scientific workflows. With the IDG, deleted intermediate data can be regenerated, and as such we develop a novel intermediate data storage strategy that can reduce the cost of scientific cloud workflow systems by automatically storing appropriate intermediate data sets with one cloud service provider. The strategy has significant research merits, i.e. it achieves a cost‐effective trade‐off of computation cost and storage cost and is not strongly impacted by the forecasting inaccuracy of data sets' usages. Meanwhile, the strategy also takes the users' tolerance of data accessing delay into consideration. We utilize Amazon's cost model and apply the strategy to general random as well as specific astrophysics pulsar searching scientific workflows for evaluation. The results show that our strategy can reduce the overall cost of scientific cloud workflow execution significantly. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Probes for Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis and Vesicles
Authors: Mellander Lisa , Cans Ann‐Sofie , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUnraveling the mechanistic details of neurotransmitter exocytosis is arguably among the most important molecular problems in neuroscience today. Investigations at single cells, particularly with electrochemical methods, have given unique chemical and biological insight into this process at the fundamental level. The rapid response time (submillisecond) of microelectrodes makes them well suited for monitoring the dynamic process of exocytosis. We review here recent developments in electrochemical techniques to spatially and simultaneously detect exocytosis across a single cell and to measure the transmitter content of single vesicles removed from cells. The former method is used to demonstrate dynamic heterogeneity in release across a cell, and in the latter work comparison is made between vesicle content and release to conclude that only a fraction of the transmitter is released during full exocytosis.
Electrochemically Assisted Fabrication of Metal Atomic Wires and Molecular Junctions by MCBJ and STM‐BJ Methods
Authors: Tian Jing‐Hua , Yang Yang , Zhou Xiao‐Shun , Schöllhorn Bernd , Maisonhaute Emmanuel , Chen Zhao‐Bin , Yang Fang‐Zu , Chen Yong , Amatore Christian , Mao Bing‐Wei , Tian Zhong‐Qun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAtomic wires (point contacts) and molecular junctions are two fundamental units in the fields of nanoelectronics and devices. This Minireview introduces our recent approaches aiming to develop versatile methods to fabricate and characterize these unique metallic and molecular structures reliably. Electrochemical methods are coupled with mechanically controllable break junction (EC‐MCBJ) or scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) break junction (EC‐STMBJ) methods to fabricate metallic point contacts and metal/molecule/metal junctions. With the designed electrodeposition method, the metal of interest (e.g. Au, Cu, Fe or Pd) is deposited in a controlled way on the original electrode pair, on a chip for MCBJ or on the STM tip, to make the metallic contact. Then, various metal atomic wires and molecular junctions can be fabricated and characterized systematically. Herein, we measured the quantized conductance through the construction of histograms of these metal atomic point contacts and of single molecules including benzene‐1,4‐dithiol (BDT), ferrocene‐bisvinylphenylmethyl dithiol (Fc‐VPM), 4,4′‐bipyridine (BPY), 1,2‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethene (BPY‐EE), and 1,2‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethane (BPY‐EA). Finally, we briefly discussed the future of EC‐MCBJ and EC‐STM for nanoelectronics and devices, for example, for the formation of heterogeneous metal‐based atomic point contacts and molecular junctions.