bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of possible nephrotoxicity from iohexol in patients with normal and impaired renal function
Authors: Lundqvist S. , Holmberg G. , Jakobsson G. , Lithner F. , Skinningsrud K. , Stegmayr B. , Hietala S.-O. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the possible nephrotoxic effects of iohexol in patients with normal and impaired renal function. Material and Methods: A prospective urographic study using iohexol (50 ml, 300 mg I/ml) was performed in 100 patients, 63 with impaired renal function (IRF) and 37 with normal renal function (NRF). The group included 24 patients with diabetes mellitus, 17 of them with IRF. Renal function parameters and adverse events were recorded for one week after the urography. Results: There were no significant changes in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, or β-2-microglobulin. The 24-h urine protein excretion showed a statistically significant increase in patients with NRF as well as in patients with IRF. Nine patients experienced adverse events but none of them required any treatment. Conclusion: Iohexol was tolerated well in patients with NRF and in patients with IRF without significant overall nephrotoxic effects. Some minor adverse events were recorded.
Effect of iodixanol on renal function immediately after abdominal angiography
Authors: Murakami R. , Tajima H. , Kumazaki T. , Yamamoto K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To investigate the acute renal effects of three contrast media in a double-blind randomized parallel-group study. The contrast media investigated were: the nonionic dimeric iso-osmolality medium iodixanol; the nonionic monomeric medium iomeprol; and the ionic dimeric medium ioxaglate. Material and Methods: A total of 30 patients were given the following doses of contrast medium: 10 patients received iodixanol 320 mg I/ml; 10 received iomeprol 300 mg I/ml; and 10 received ioxaglate 320 mg I/ml. The doses were given intra-arterially at routine abdominal angiography and the renal effects of these three contrast media were studied for up to 120 min after injection. Results: The urinary minute volume increased immediately after angiography but tended to return to baseline values after 120 min; these changes were more pronounced with iomeprol and ioxaglate than with iodixanol. Creatinine clearance was not reduced by any of the contrast media. Fraction excretion of sodium increased immediately and lasted for 30 min after angiography; these changes were more pronounced with ioxaglate than with iomeprol and iodixanol. Urinary γ-glutamyl transferase increased for 120 min after angiography with iodixanol and iomeprol; these changes were more pronounced with iomeprol than with iodixanol. On the other hand, urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase increased for 120 min after angiography with iomeprol, but was unchanged with iodixanol. Conclusion: The use of contrast media induces osmotic diuresis and its acute effects on the proximal tubular function. However, the iso-osmolality medium iodixanol induces fewer changes than the other two media.
Effect of nitrendipine on renal function and on hormonal parameters after intravascular iopromide
Authors: Madsen J. K. , Jensen L. Winther , Sandermann J. , Johannesen N. , Paaske W. P. , Egeblad M. , Pedersen E. Bjerregaard 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the low-molecular nonionic radiographic contrast agent iopromide (Ultravist) on renal function, vasoactive peptides (angiotensin II, aldosterone, arginine vasopressin, and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)), and blood pressure, and to evaluate the influence of the calcium antagonist nitrendipine on these parameters. The findings were evaluated in a prospective, double-blind and placebo-controlled randomized study. Material and Methods: Twenty-six patients undergoing routine aortofemoral arteriography for peripheral atherosclerotic disease were treated with nitrendipine tablets (10 mg) or placebo twice daily for a week. Angiography was performed on the fifth day of medication. Efficacy variables were determined on the day before and 2 days after arteriography. The glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were measured by the constant infusion technique. Renal tubular function was estimated from the clearance of lithium. Hormones were measured by radioimmunoassays. Results: Arteriography with iopromide did not change renal function. No differences between the nitrendipine and placebo groups were found in renal hemodynamics, tubular sodium handling, or blood pressure. Nitrendipine changed ANF (26.1%) compared to placebo (1.5%), whereas the other hormones were not affected. Conclusion: The use of iopromide for angiography did not affect renal function in normotensive patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease. Shortterm treatment with nitrendipine may lower the plasma levels of ANF but it had no effect on renal function or blood pressure. Treatment with calcium antagonists prior to arteriography with iopromide is not indicated in these patients.
Detecting experimental liver metastases at CT with the hepatocyte-specific contrast medium FP 736-03
Authors: Bergman A. , Magnusson A. , Sundin A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the detection of experimental hepatic metastases at CT with the hepatocyte-specific contrast medium FP 736-03. Material and Methods: A nude-rat model of experimental multiple hepatic metastases from a human colonic cancer was used. Three weeks after intraportal tumour cell injection, the CT examination was performed before and after i.v. injection of FP 736-03 at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg b.w. Results: The overall detection rate was determined in a lesion-by-lesion analysis of 87 metastases. Irrespective of metastatic size, the mean detection rate for two viewers was significantly higher at the FP-736-03-enhanced examination (59%) than at the unenhanced CT examination (16%). Conclusion: The detection rate increased with the i.v. administration of FP 736-03 at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg b.w. compared with that at unenhanced examination.
Sensitivity and specificity of computer-assisted breast cancer detection in mammography screening
Authors: Thurfjell E. , Thurfjell M. Gelig , Egge E. , Bjurstam N. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate a system of computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) in mammography. Material and Methods: A sample of 120 sets of two-view mammograms was examined by an expert screener, a screening radiologist, a clinical radiologist, and a CAD system. The screening and clinical radiologists examined the mammograms twice, first without and then with the help of CAD. The sample consisted of first-round screening films from a two-round population-based screening, and comprised: 32 women in whom breast cancer was detected at the first screening; 10 with cancer detected during the screening interval; 32 with cancer detected at the second screening; and 46 with normal mammograms at both screenings. Results: The expert screener, the screening radiologist, the clinical radiologist, and the CAD system detected respectively 44, 41, 34 and 37 cancers. Their respective specificities were 80%, 83%, 100% and 22%. With the help of CAD, the screening radiologist detected 1 additional cancer and the clinical radiologist detected 3; their respective specificities were 80% and 100%. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the CAD system was satisfactory. The two radiologists helped by CAD achieved a modest increase in sensitivity with unaffected specificity. However, the CAD system by itself had a very low specificity and it needs improvement before it can be useful in mammographic screening.
CT-guided transthoracic fine-needle aspiration versus transbronchial fluoroscopy-guided needle aspiration in pulmonary nodules
Authors: Shankar S. , Gulati Madhu , Gupta D. , Rajwanshi A. , Suri S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of CT-guided (CTNAB) and fluoroscopy-guided transbronchial (TBNA) fine-needle aspiration cytology in pulmonary nodules and to compare their complications. Material and Methods: Thirty patients with pulmonary nodules not abutting upon the chest wall and inaccessible to bronchoscopy were randomised for CTNAB or TBNA. Eighteen patients underwent CTNAB and 16 TBNA. Four patients underwent both procedures. Results: In the CTNAB group, a definitive diagnosis could be made in 14 (78%) out of 18 patients whereas in the TBNA group, a definitive diagnosis was made in 11 (69%) out of 16 patients. This difference was not statistically significant ( p>0.05). The final diagnosis in 29 out of 30 patients comprised primary bronchogenic carcinoma in 14 patients, metastases in 5 patients, and benign lesions in 10 patients (34%) of which 3 lesions (30%) were of tuberculous aetiology. There were 2 asymptomatic pneumothoraces in the CTNAB group and no complication was observed in the TBNA group. Conclusion: Both techniques were safe and effective in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions. TBNA was best suited for lesions larger than 3 cm and located in the middle and lower lobes while CTNAB could be used for any lesions.
Videomanometry of the pharynx in dysphagic patients with laryngeal barium penetration during swallowing
Authors: Olsson R. , Castell J. , Ekberg O. , Castell D. O. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: This study used simultaneous videomanometry to measure pressure characteristics in a group of patients with evidence of laryngeal and/or tracheal barium penetration, and to compare the results to those of one group of healthy volunteers and one group of patients with dysphagia but a normal barium swallow. Material and Methods: Videomanometry during barium swallowing was performed in 25 patients who showed penetration of barium into the laryngeal vestibule. Manometric abnormalities were determined by comparing these mean values with those of 25 healthy volunteers, and the frequency of manometric abnormalities was compared to that of 19 patients presenting with oropharyngeal dysphagia with a normal barium swallow. Results: The frequency of abnormalities for four parameters (pharyngo-eso-phageal segment (PES) resting pressure, PES relaxation duration, pharyngeal peak pressure, pharyngeal contraction duration) differed significantly between the patients with penetration and those with normal barium studies. There was, however, no association between manometric abnormalities and the degree of barium penetration. Conclusion: The differences in manometric abnormalities between patients with laryngeal penetration and patients with normal barium swallows may be useful in identifying the mechanisms of laryngeal penetration.
Measuring anteversion in the femoral neck from routine radiographs
Authors: Hermann K. L. , Egund N. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To describe a new method for measuring femoral neck anteversion (FNA) that requires only one lateral radiograph of the knee in addition to routine radiographs of the hip for evaluation of total hip replacement; and to compare the proposed method with FNA measurement by means of 3D CT. Material and Methods: In 18 femoral specimens, radiographic examinations of the hip and knee, in three different rotational positions, and one CT examination were made, and the measurements of FNA were compared. Similarly, in 38 patients with 40 total hip replacements, measurements from routine radiographic examinations of the hip and knee and from CT examinations were compared. The accuracy and reproducibility of the FNA measurements produced by this proposed method were calculated. Results: Accuracy and reproducibility were 2° and 2° for the proposed method in the femoral specimen study, and accuracy was 4° in the hip patient study. The proposed method had a minor flaw that was caused almost solely by differences in knee size at inward rotation of the femur. Conclusion: FNA measurement can be made from a routine radiographic examination of the hip and a lateral view of the knee. This method achieves an acceptable level of accuracy and reproducibility.
Influence of the phosphate balance on the activity distribution of 99mTc-Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate
Authors: Cronhjort M. , Sääf M. , Sjöberg H. E. , Schnell P. O. , Jacobsson H. 
Published: January 2010

Objective: The purpose was to determine whether changes in the phosphate balance have an influence on the distribution of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Material and Methods: The biodistribution of 99mTc-HDP in mice, intravenously administered under varying conditions, was assessed by removing different organs and estimating their activity in a scintillation counter. Some experiments were also performed with 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-DPD. Results: After 1 h and 18 h on phosphate-enriched drinking water, the mice showed a strongly increased uptake in all organs/tissues representing background activity and a decrease in the bone uptake. This pattern changed with time. After 6–8 days of phosphate load, we saw a more favourable distribution with a reduction of the background and whole-body activity. Administration of hPTH 1–34 gave rise to an activity distribution similar to that after 6–8 days on phosphate-enriched water. Changing the phosphate balance had less obvious effects on the distribution of 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-DPD. Conclusion: The activity distribution of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in the mouse is affected by the phosphate balance. The mechanism behind this finding is unknown but it may be partially mediated by PTH. It is possible that changes in the phosphate balance, induced by pharmaceuticals or by dietary changes, may affect the image quality at bone scintigraphy.
MR and magnetisation transfer imaging in cirrhotic and fatty livers
Authors: Alanen A. , Komu M. , Leino R. , Toikkanen S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To determine whether low-field MR fat/water separation and magnetisation transfer (MT) techniques are useful in studying the livers of patients with parenchymal liver diseases in vivo. Material and Methods: MR and MT imaging of the liver in 33 patients (14 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 15 with alcohol-induced liver disease, and 4 with fatty liver) was performed by means of the fat/water separation technique at 0.1 T. The relaxation time T1 and the MT contrast (MTC) parameter of liver and spleen tissue were measured, and the relative proton density fat content N(%) and MTC of the liver were calculated from the separate fat and water images. The value of N(%) was also compared with the percentage of fatty hepatocytes at histology. Results: The relaxation rate R1 of liver measured from the magnitude image, and the difference in the value of MTC measured from the water image compared with the one measured from the fat and water magnitude image, both depended linearly on the value of N(%). The value of N(%) correlated significantly with the percentage of the fatty hepatocytes. In in vivo fatty tissue, fat infiltration increased both the observed relaxation rate R1 and the measured magnetisation ratio (the steady state magnetisation Ms divided by the equilibrium magnetisation Mo, Ms/Mo) and consequently decreased the MT efficiency measured in a magnitude MR image. The amount of liver fibrosis did not correlate with the value of MTC measured after fat separation. Conclusion: Our results in studying fatty livers with MR imaging and the MT method show that the fat/water separation gives more reliable parametric results. Characterisation of liver cirrhosis by means of the MTC parameter is not reliable, even after fat separation.
Hepatocellular carcinomas supplied by inferior phrenic arteries
Authors: Tanabe N. , Iwasaki T. , Chida N. , Suzuki S. , Akahane T. , Kobayashi N. , Ishii M. , Toyota T. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To assess the arterial supply to hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) by inferior phrenic arteries (IPA). Material and Methods: A total of 126 consecutive cases of HCC were studied by contrast-enhanced CT and conventional arteriography. Blood supply from an IPA was suspected when the size of the HCC mass as seen on contrast-enhanced CT did not match the size of the tumor mass as seen on hepatic arteriography. Inferior phrenic arteriography was employed to confirm these findings. HCCs fed by the IPA were analyzed in terms of size, location, and history of prior treatment. Results: In 14 (11%) of the 126 cases, the tumor was found to have a blood supply from an IPA. Eleven of these tumors were located in segments 2 and 7. Three tumors, which had not been treated previously, had a blood supply from an IPA. Six tumors were almost exclusively fed by an IPA and were located in segments 7, 1, and 4. Conclusion: HCCs located in segments which form the bare area of the liver (S1, S2, S7) can be supplied by an IPA. This should be suspected when a lesion or part of a lesion is identified on contrast-enhanced CT but not on hepatic arteriography.
Differentiating Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions with T2*-Weighted First Pass Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Kvistad K. A. , Lundgren S. , Fjøne H. E. , Smenes E. , Smethurst H.-B. , Haraldseth O. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: Invasive breast carcinomas and fibroadenomas are often difficult to differentiate in dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging of the breast, because both tumors can enhance strongly after contrast injection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of T2*-weighted first pass perfusion imaging can increase the differentiation of malignant from benign lesions. Material and Methods: Nine patients with invasive carcinomas and 10 patients with contrast enhancing fibroadenomas were examined by a dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted 3D sequence immediately followed by a single slice T2*-weighted first pass perfusion sequence positioned in the contrast-enhancing lesion. Results: The carcinomas and the fibroadenomas were impossible to differentiate based on the contrast enhancement characteristics in the T1-weighted sequence. The signal loss in the T2*-weighted perfusion sequence was significantly stronger in the carcinomas than in the fibroadenomas ( p=0.0004). Conclusion: Addition of a T2*-weighted first pass perfusion sequence with a high temporal resolution can probably increase the differentiation of fibroadenomas from invasive carcinomas in contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast.
MR Imaging of Lipoma and Liposarcoma
Authors: Einarsdottir H. , Söderlund V. , Larson O. , Jenner G. , Bauer H. C. F. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate whether lipoma, atypical lipomatous tumors, and lipo-sarcomas can be differentiated by MR images. Material and Methods: The MR images of 59 lipomatous lesions and liposarcomas were retrospectively reviewed. Apart from size, surgical site, location and margins, the percentage of fat of the tumor volume was assessed as none, 1-75%, 75-95%, or 95-100%. Results: None of the 18 liposarcomas contained fat that could be recognized by MR imaging. The 3 atypical lipomatous tumors all contained fat but less than 75% of the tumor volume. In 32 of 38 ordinary lipomas, the percentage of fat was 95-100%, and in 4 less than 95% of the tumor volume. Two lipomas did not contain fat that could be recognized by MR imaging. Conclusion: A lesion which predominantly has a fat signal is, in all probability, an ordinary lipoma. Lesions with less fat, but still mostly fatty, may either be lipoma or atypical lipomatous tumor. In this group, the discrimination between these two entities cannot be based upon imaging features. In the absence of a fat signal, liposarcoma or lipoma cannot be differentiated from other soft tissue tumors.
Muscle Metabolism of Professional Athletes using 31P-Spectroscopy
Authors: Mäurer J. , Konstanczak P. , Söllner O. , Ehrenstein T. , Knollmann F. , Wolff R. , Vogl T. J. , Felix R. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine muscle metabolism in athletes by 31P-spectroscopy (MRS) and to evaluate to what degree the respective resonance spectrum correlates with the kind of muscle exercise. Material and Methods: Twelve runners and 12 young ice skaters were studied by 31P-spectroscopy of the gastrocnemic medialis muscle and the vastus medialis muscle using a surface coil at 1.5 T. Results: Sprinters displayed a higher phosphocreatinine/inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi) and PCr/β-ATP ratios than marathon runners. The respective parameters for middle distance runners were in between. Ice skaters could pro-spectively be divided into sprint-and long-distance runners by our results which correlated with the athletes' training performance. Conclusion:31P-spectroscopy can evaluate the distribution of muscle fiber types. Thus, the athlete's potential for sprint- or long-distance running can be determined. Additional studies will have to demonstrate to what extent training may change muscle fiber distribution.
MR Findings in Primary Retroperitoneal Schwannoma
Authors: Hayasaka K. , Tanaka Y. , Soeda S. , Huppert P. , Claussen C. D. 
Published: January 2010

Objective: To evaluate the MR findings in primary retroperitoneal schwannoma. Material and Methods: Seven cases of primary retroperitoneal schwannoma, in whom the diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically, were analyzed retrospectively. The following items were reviewed at MR imaging: tumor diameter, margin, homogeneity, signal intensity as compared to normal renal parenchyma, presence/absence of infiltration into adjacent organs, and, in 1 and 4 cases, the enhancement on Gd-dynamic images and post-contrast T1-weighted images, respectively. Results: Tumor diameter was 5.5 ± 3.1 cm, ranging from 2.5 to 10 cm in the 6 benign schwannomas, and 12 cm in 1 malignant. The tumor margin was regular in all of the benign cases and irregular in the malignant one. The malignant case showed infiltration into the liver and duodenum. Four of the benign schwannomas showed a homogeneous, and 2 presented a heterogeneous pattern, while the malignant schwannoma was heterogeneous. On T1-weighted images, the benign schwannomas were hypointense in 4 cases, isointense in 1 and mixed in 1, while on T2-weighted images, they were hyperintense in 5 and mixed in 1. The malignant case showed mixed intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. On enhanced T1-weighted images, capsular, septal enhancement was noted in 2 cases, overall enhancement in 2, and, on Gd-dynamic images, late enhancement was shown. Conclusion: On MR imaging, primary retroperitoneal schwannomas show different signal intensity characteristics, including cystic degeneration. There are, however, no specific characteristics of these tumors.
Correlation of Angiography and MR Imaging in Cerebral Vasculitis
Authors: Cloft H. J. , Phillips C. D. , Dix J. E. , McNulty B. C. , Zagardo M. T. , Kallmes D. F. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: MR imaging and cerebral angiography were correlated in patients with primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) to assess the relative roles of these imaging modalities in the diagnosis. Material and Methods: In 9 patients, MR imaging and angiography were compared with regard to the relative involvement of each major vascular territory. Vascular territories assessed were the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries, and the posterior fossa. Results: All patients had angiographic findings consistent with vasculitis in multiple vascular territories. MR findings ranged from normal to diffusely abnormal. One patient had a completely normal MR investigation. of 50 territories affected by vasculitis on angiography, 17 (34%) were normal on MR. Conclusion: Relative to cerebral angiography, MR imaging is a poor indicator of the presence or absence of PACNS. Angiography is indicated when clinical suspicion of PACNS is strong, regardless of the findings on MR.