bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frameless robotically targeted stereotactic brain biopsy: feasibility, diagnostic yield, and safety
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Radwan Tarek A. , Desai Atman , Roberts David W. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Frameless stereotactic brain biopsy has become an established procedure in many neurosurgical centers worldwide. Robotic modifications of image-guided frameless stereotaxy hold promise for making these procedures safer, more effective, and more efficient. The authors hypothesized that robotic brain biopsy is a safe, accurate procedure, with a high diagnostic yield and a safety profile comparable to other stereotactic biopsy methods.

Methods
This retrospective study included 41 patients undergoing frameless stereotactic brain biopsy of lesions (mean size 2.9 cm) for diagnostic purposes. All patients underwent image-guided, robotic biopsy in which the SurgiScope system was used in conjunction with scalp fiducial markers and a preoperatively selected target and trajectory. Forty-five procedures, with 50 supratentorial targets selected, were performed.

Results
The mean operative time was 44.6 minutes for the robotic biopsy procedures. This decreased over the second half of the study by 37%, from 54.7 to 34.5 minutes (p < 0.025). The diagnostic yield was 97.8% per procedure, with a second procedure being diagnostic in the single nondiagnostic case. Complications included one transient worsening of a preexisting deficit (2%) and another deficit that was permanent (2%). There were no infections.

Conclusions
Robotic biopsy involving a preselected target and trajectory is safe, accurate, efficient, and comparable to other procedures employing either frame-based stereotaxy or frameless, nonrobotic stereotaxy. It permits biopsy in all patients, including those with small target lesions. Robotic biopsy planning facilitates careful preoperative study and optimization of needle trajectory to avoid sulcal vessels, bridging veins, and ventricular penetration.
Mirror aneurysms: a reflection on natural history
Authors: Meissner Irene , Torner James , Huston John , Rajput Michele L. , Wiebers David O. , Jones Lyell K. , Brown Robert D. , _ _ 
Published: March 2012

Object
Investigators conducting the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, sought to evaluate predictors of future hemorrhage in patients who had unruptured mirror aneurysms. These paired aneurysms in bilateral arterial positions mirror each other; their natural history is unknown.

Methods
Centers in the US, Canada, and Europe enrolled patients for prospective assessment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Central radiological review confirmed the presence or absence of mirror aneurysms in patients without a history of prior subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (Group 1). Outcome at 1 and 5 years and aneurysm characteristics are compared.

Results
Of 3120 patients with aneurysms treated in 61 centers, 376 (12%) had mirror aneurysms, which are more common in women than men (82% [n = 308] vs 73% [n = 1992], respectively; p <0.001) and in patients with a family history of aneurysm or SAH (p <0.001).
Compared with patients with nonmirror saccular aneurysms, a greater percentage of patients with mirror aneurysms had larger (>10 mm) aneurysms (mean maximum diameter 11.7 vs 10.4 mm, respectively; p <0.001). The most common distribution for mirror aneurysms was the middle cerebral artery (34% [126 patients]) followed by noncavernous internal carotid artery (32% [121]), posterior communicating artery (16% [60]), cavernous internal carotid artery (13% [48]), anterior cerebral artery/anterior communicating artery (3% [13]), and vertebrobasilar circulation (2% [8]). When these patients were compared with patients without mirror aneurysms, no statistically significant differences were found in age (mean age 54 years in both groups), blood pressure, smoking history, or cardiac disease. Aneurysm rupture rates were similar (3.0% for patients with mirror aneurysms vs 2.8% for those without).

Conclusions
Overall, patients with mirror aneurysms were more likely to be women, to report a family history of aneurysmal SAH, and to have larger aneurysms. The presence of a mirror aneurysm was not an independent predictor of future SAHs.
Optimal entry point and trajectory for endoscopic third ventriculostomy: evaluation of 53 patients with volumetric imaging guidance
Authors: Chen Fangxiang , Nakaji Peter 
Published: March 2012

Object
An optimal entry point for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) helps protect critical structures from undue manipulation. A commonly accepted ideal entry point is 3 cm from the midline and 1 cm anterior to the coronal suture. The authors of this study reexamine this ideal entry point.

Methods
Trajectory views from MR images or CT scans used for cranial image guidance in 53 patients (age range 3–85 years) who had undergone ETV were retrospectively evaluated. The trajectory from the tuber cinereum back through the center of the foramen of Monro was projected to the surface of the head. The relation of the entry point to the midline and the coronal suture was established.

Results
The mean perpendicular distance from the ideal entry point to the midline was 30.1 ± 7 mm (median 31.9 mm, range 12.5–42.2 mm). The mean perpendicular distance to the coronal suture was 8.9 ± 14.1 mm posterior (median 10.4 mm), ranging from 30.6 mm anterior to 35.8 mm posterior. The entry point tended to be located more posteriorly in women and adults: 5.8 ± 15.4 mm posterior in males versus 13.1 ± 13.2 mm posterior in females (p = 0.08) and 9.1 ± 14.8 mm posterior in adults versus 8.2 ± 11.7 mm posterior in children (p = 0.84).

Conclusions
While the entry point may need to be modified from the ideal trajectory for other anatomical reasons, such as a trajectory through the motor cortex, in general, the authors found that the optimal entry point for ETV was more posterior than previously published and highly variable. Using image guidance or a customized trajectory based on analysis of a patient's own imaging is highly preferable to using an empirical ideal trajectory.
Management of glioblastoma multiforme in pregnancy
Authors: Jayasekera Bodiabaduge A. P. , Bacon Andrew D. , Whitfield Peter C. 
Published: March 2012

Glioblastoma multiforme presenting during pregnancy presents unique challenges to the clinician. In planning treatment, potential benefits to the mother must be balanced against the risks to the fetus. In addition, evidence relating to timing of surgery and the use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in pregnancy is limited. Management of peritumoral edema and seizures in pregnancy is also complicated by the potential for drug-related teratogenic effects and adverse neonatal outcomes on the fetus. The general anesthetic used for surgery must factor obstetric and neurosurgical considerations.
In this review article, the authors seek to examine the role, safety, and timing of therapies for glioblastoma in the context of pregnancy. This covers the use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, timing of surgery, postoperative care, anesthetic considerations, and use of anticonvulsant medications and steroids. The authors hope that this will provide a framework for clinicians treating pregnant patients with glioblastomas.
Minimally invasive lateral extracavitary corpectomy: cadaveric evaluation model and report of 3 clinical cases
Authors: Smith Zachary A. , Li Zhenzhou , Chen Nan-Fu , Raphael Dan , Khoo Larry T. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectIn this paper, the authors' goal was to demonstrate the clinical and technical nuances of a minimally invasive lateral extracavitary approach (MI-LECA) for thoracic corpectomy and anterior column reconstruction.MethodsA cadaveric feasibility study and the subsequent application of this approach in 3 clinical cases are reported. Six procedures were completed in 3 human cadavers. Minimally invasive, extrapleural thoracic corpectomies were performed with the aid of a 24-mm tubular retraction system, using a posterolateral incision and an oblique approach angle. Fluoroscopy and postprocedural CT scanning, using 3D volumetric averaging software, was used to evaluate the degree of bone removal and decompression. Three clinical cases, including a T-11 burst fracture, a T-7 plasmacytoma, and a T4–5 vertebral body (VB) tuberculosis lesion, were treated using the approach.ResultsAt 6 cadaveric levels, the mean circumferential volumetric decompression was 48% ± 16%, and the mean resection of the VB was 72% ± 13%. The mean change in anterior and posterior vertebral height with expansion of the corpectomy cage was 47 and 61 mm, respectively. There were no violations of the pleura or dura. Pedicle screw reliability was 95.8% (23 of 24 screws) with a single lateral breach. All 3 patients in the clinical cohort had excellent clinical outcomes. There was a single pleural tear requiring chest tube drainage. Operative images and a video clip are provided to illustrate the approach.ConclusionsA minimally invasive lateral extracavitary thoracic corpectomy has the ability to provided excellent spinal cord decompression and VB resection. The procedure can be completed safely and successfully with minimal blood loss and little associated morbidity. This approach has the potential to improve upon established traditional open corridors for posterolateral thoracic corpectomy.
L'ironie comme principe structurant chez Chrétien de Troyes
Authors: Laranjinha Ana Sofia 
Published: March 2012

The ironie interlacing of Gauvain's and Perceval's adventures (the most courtly of all knights suffering humiliation and running towards death while the young nice, despite some accidents, is heading to kingship) structures the Conte du Graal ; the metatextual allusions to madness and inversion confirm the ironie nature of this romance.
Chrétien's ambiguity as to authorities and writing can also be found in his approach to laugh and irony : he condemns Keu's gabs but is himself the best of ironists. Besides, if irony is a fondamental principle of Chrétien's text, Keu originates some events that are essential to the plot, playing the part of the eternal opponent that, just like an alter ego of the author, creates disorder and division — elements that are necessary to literary production.
Les nombres dans la publicité scientifique ou technique : quand la langue de l'industrie devient industrie de la langue
Authors: Fries-Verdeil Marie-Hélène 
Published: March 2012

Cet article explore l'utilisation des nombres dans les publicités à caractère scientifique et technique. À partir d'une publicité chimique type promouvant une technique, différentes utilisations des nombres sont décrites, montrant comment le discours publicitaire les détourne à son profit, à des fins de persuasion, si bien que les sciences exactes cèdent le pas à la sémiologie et à la rhétorique. Les figures de rhétorique les plus couramment utilisées pour les nombres sont ensuite analysées selon trois axes principaux : l'abondance, le jeu et l'imaginaire. Quelques pistes pour une application didactique du concept de nombre comme icône concluent l'article.
The Japanese Economy in Crises: A Time Series Segmentation Study
Authors: Cheong Siew Ann , Fornia Robert Paulo , Lee Gladys Hui Ting , Kok Jun Liang , Yim Woei Shyr , Xu Danny Yuan , Zhang Yiting 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe authors performed a comprehensive time series segmentation study on the 36 Nikkei Japanese industry indices from 1 January 1996 to 11 June 2010. From the temporal distributions of the clustered segments, we found that the Japanese economy never fully recovered from the extended 1997–2003 crisis, and responded to the most recent global financial crisis in five stages. Of these, the second and main stage affecting 21 industries lasted only 27 days, in contrast to the two-and-a-half-years acrossthe- board recovery from the 1997–2003 financial crisis. We constructed the minimum spanning trees (MSTs) to visualize the Pearson cross correlations between Japanese industries over five macroeconomic periods: (i) 1997–1999 (Asian Financial Crisis), (ii) 2000–2002 (Technology Bubble Crisis), (iii) 2003–2006 (economic growth), (iv) 2007–2008 (Subprime Crisis), and (v) 2008–2010 (Lehman Brothers Crisis). In these MSTs, the Chemicals and Electric Machinery industries are consistently hubs. Finally, we present evidence from the segment-to-segment MSTs for flights to quality within the Japanese stock market.
Microcephaly, intellectual impairment, bilateral vesicoureteral reflux, distichiasis, and glomuvenous malformations associated with a 16q24.3 contiguous gene deletion and a Glomulin mutation
Authors: Butler Matthew G. , Dagenais Susan L. , Garcia‐Perez José L. , Brouillard Pascal , Vikkula Miikka , Strouse Peter , Innis Jeffrey W. , Glover Thomas W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo hereditary syndromes, lymphedema‐distichiasis (LD) syndrome and blepharo‐chelio‐dontic (BCD) syndrome include the aberrant growth of eyelashes from the meibomian glands, known as distichiasis. LD is an autosomal dominant syndrome primarily characterized by distichiasis and the onset of lymphedema usually during puberty. Mutations in the forkhead transcription factor FOXC2 are the only known cause of LD. BCD syndrome consists of autosomal dominant abnormalities of the eyelid, lip, and teeth, and the etiology remains unknown. In this report, we describe a proband that presented with distichiasis, microcephaly, bilateral grade IV vesicoureteral reflux requiring ureteral re‐implantation, mild intellectual impairment and apparent glomuvenous malformations (GVM). Distichiasis was present in three generations of the proband's maternal side of the family. The GVMs were severe in the proband, and maternal family members exhibited lower extremity varicosities of variable degree. A GLMN (glomulin) gene mutation was identified in the proband that accounts for the observed GVMs; no other family member could be tested. TIE2 sequencing revealed no mutations. In the proband, an additional submicroscopic 265 kb contiguous gene deletion was identified in 16q24.3, located 609 kb distal to the FOXC2 locus, which was inherited from the proband's mother. The deletion includes the C16ORF95, FBXO31, MAP1LC3B, and ZCCHC14 loci and 115 kb of a gene desert distal to FOXC2 and FOXL1. Thus, it is likely that the microcephaly, distichiasis, vesicoureteral, and intellectual impairment in this family may be caused by the deletion of one or more of these genes and/or deletion of distant cis‐regulatory elements of FOXC2 expression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
De novo 6.9 Mb interstitial deletion on chromosome 4q31.1‐q32.1 in a girl with severe speech delay and dysmorphic features
Authors: Fabretto Antonella , Rocca Maria Santa , Perrone Maria Dolores , Skabar Aldo , Pecile Vanna , Gasparini Paolo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDeletion of the terminal part of long arm of chromosome 4 is a condition characterized by facial dysmorphisms, cardiac and limb defects, and developmental delay. Deletions usually involve the terminal part of the chromosome and most frequently are interstitial. Here, we report a de novo interstitial deletion resulting in a microdeletion of 6.9 Mb involving 4q31.3‐q32.1 segment, detected by SNPs‐Array technique in a 4‐year‐old female showing severe speech delay, mild facial dysmorphisms, and joint laxity. Phenotype–genotype relationships looking at the genes involved in this part of the chromosome were also carried out and data compared with those previously described. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recessive RYR1 mutations in a patient with severe congenital nemaline myopathy with ophthalomoplegia identified through massively parallel sequencing
Authors: Kondo Eri , Nishimura Takafumi , Kosho Tomoki , Inaba Yuji , Mitsuhashi Satomi , Ishida Takefumi , Baba Atsushi , Koike Kenichi , Nishino Ichizo , Nonaka Ikuya , Furukawa Toru , Saito Kayoko 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNemaline myopathy (NM) is a group of congenital myopathies, characterized by the presence of distinct rod‐like inclusions “nemaline bodies” in the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle fibers. To date, ACTA1, NEB, TPM3, TPM2, TNNT1, and CFL2 have been found to cause NM. We have identified recessive RYR1 mutations in a patient with severe congenital NM, through high‐throughput screening of congenital myopathy/muscular dystrophy‐related genes using massively parallel sequencing with target gene capture. The patient manifested fetal akinesia, neonatal severe hypotonia with muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, swallowing disturbance, and ophthalomoplegia. Skeletal muscle histology demonstrated nemaline bodies and small type 1 fibers, but without central cores or minicores. Congenital myopathies, a molecularly, histopathologically, and clinically heterogeneous group of disorders are considered to be a good candidate for massively parallel sequencing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical epidemiology of skeletal dysplasias in South America
Authors: Barbosa‐Buck Cecília O. , Orioli Iêda M. , da Graça Dutra Maria , Lopez‐Camelo Jorge , Castilla Eduardo E. , Cavalcanti Denise P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCurrently accepted birth prevalence for osteochondrodysplasias (OCD) of about 2/10,000 is based on few studies from small series of cases. We conducted a study based on more than 1.5 million births. OCD cases were detected from 1,544,496 births occurring and examined in 132 hospitals of ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) between 2000 and 2007. Cases were detected and registered according to a pre‐established protocol, and then ranked in four diagnostic evidence levels (DEL), according to available documentation. For the analysis of risk factors, a healthy control sample born in the same period was used. OCD was diagnosed in 492 newborns, resulting in a prevalence per 10,000 of 3.2 (95% CI: 2.9–3.5). Perinatal lethality (stillbirths plus early neonatal deaths) occurred in 50% of cases. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis was made in 73% of cases (n = 359). Among 211 cases from the best documented group (DEL‐1) and according to international classification, 33% of cases fit into the G‐25 (osteogenesis imperfecta), 29% in Group‐1 (FGFR3), and 8% in Group‐18 (Bent bones). The prevalence of the main OCD types were: OI—0.74 (0.61–0.89); thanatophoric dysplasia—0.47 (0.36–0.59); and achondroplasia—0.44 (0.33–0.55). Paternal age (31.2 ± 8.5), parity (2.6), and parental consanguinity rate (5.4%) were higher in cases than in controls (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the OCD overall prevalence of 3.2 per 10,000 found seems to be more realistic than previous estimates. This study also confirmed the high perinatal mortality, and the association with high paternal age, parity, and parental consanguinity rate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rear‐end crash potential estimation in the work zone merging areas
Authors: Weng Jinxian , Meng Qiang 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis paper proposed a methodology to estimate rear‐end crash potential of the merging vehicles traveling in the merge lane, on the basis of the traffic data extracting from the available videotapes. First, we developed a binary logit model to identify drivers' merging behavior in the work zone merging area. Subsequently, the occurrence potential of rear‐end crash based on time‐to‐collision was computed between the merging vehicle and its neighboring vehicles. The overall crash potential of the merging vehicle was finally determined. It was found that the crash potential decreases with the remaining distance to work zone. Moreover, there will be a rear‐end crash potential of 4.0% if the merging vehicle fails to complete merging at the end of work zone merging area. If the merging vehicle takes an early merge, there will be a lower rear‐end crash potential (1.2%). These findings suggest that we should encourage merging vehicles to take early merges for improving the traffic safety in the work zone merging areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐space refinement with DireX: From global fitting to side‐chain improvements
Authors: Wang Zhe , Schröder Gunnar F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSingle‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) has become an important tool to determine the structure of large biomolecules and assemblies thereof. However, the achievable resolution varies considerably over a wide range of about 3.5–20 Å. The interpretation of these intermediate‐ to low‐resolution density maps in terms of atomic models is a big challenge and an area of active research. Here, we present our real‐space structure refinement program DireX, which was developed primarily for cryo‐EM‐derived density maps. The basic principle and its main features are described. DireX employs Deformable Elastic Network (DEN) restraints to reduce overfitting by decreasing the effective number of degrees of freedom used in the refinement. Missing or reduced density due to flexible parts of the protein can lead to artifacts in the structure refinement, which is addressed through the concept of restrained grouped occupancy refinement. Furthermore, we describe the performance of DireX in the 2010 Cryo‐EM Modeling Challenge, where we chose six density maps of four different proteins provided by the Modeling Challenge exemplifying typical refinement results at a large resolution range from 3 to 23 Å. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 687–697, 2012.
Policies for Enhancing Corporate Environmental Management: a Framework and an Applied Example
Authors: Valentine Scott Victor 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a four‐phase schematic representation dubbed the CEM lifecycle for conceptualizing how corporate environmental management (CEM) programs typically evolve in a given organization and then explicates the forces that influence corporate commitment as a CEM program progresses from inception to later phases of the CEM lifecycle. Examples are then presented on how the Singaporean government encourages enhancement of CEM programs by designing support programs that target the underlying corporate needs inherent to the first three CEM lifecycle phases. The examples provided in this paper of Singaporean CEM support programs illustrate how policy can be strategically designed to improve corporate uptake of CEM programs by enhancing CEM knowledge in the initial phase of the CEM lifecycle, providing technical support in the second lifecycle phase and providing opportunities for public recognition in the third lifecycle phase. The article concludes that replicating the strategic approach to policymaking exemplified in the Singaporean case study can significantly improve the competitiveness of domestic firms through encouraging more efficient use of resources; however, in order to design truly sustainable economies (provide for the needs of future generations), governments must be prepared to more coercively regulate the exploitation of natural endowments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.