bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA damage in the leukocytes of nanocomposite-exposed workers
Authors: Rossner Pavel , Novotna Bozena , Pelclova Daniela , Zdimal Vladimir , Lischkova Lucie , Klusackova Pavlina , Ondracek Jakub , Schwarz Jaroslav , Maskova Ludmila , Dvorackova Stepanka , Milcova Alena , Ambroz Antonin , Rossnerova Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Human exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) poses potential health risks that are modulated, for example, by the physico-chemical characteristics of NPs, the exposure route and the dose of NPs. Among 21 workers involved for many years in welding on metal surfaces and the machining of nanocomposites, we investigated the role of NPs in the induction of DNA damage. Blood samples of the exposed subjects were collected before and after their working shifts. The controls (21 individuals not exposed to any known health risk factor) were sampled in parallel with the exposed ones. NP exposure concentrations were assessed using stationary and personal monitors. DNA damage, including oxidized bases and strand breaks (DNA-SB), in leukocytes was analyzed using Comet assay.
Results
The particles monitoring showed that machining was the dominant source of NPs. When compared with the controls, nanocomposite-exposed workers had significantly increased levels of both DNA damage types. In subjects performing machining, post-shift DNA-SB levels were significantly higher than those pre-shift. In welders, such an effect was not observed. Importantly, in both groups, levels of oxidatively damaged DNA were comparable in the post-shift vs. pre-shift samples.
Conclusions
The lack of increased DNA oxidation in the post-shift samples suggests the induction of adaptive processes, probably related to long-term occupational exposure to NPs, that protect the organism against this type of DNA damage. However, despite this observation, the potential negative health impacts associated with NP inhalation cannot be ruled out.
Advancing Glaucoma Diagnosis: A Hybrid Approach Utilizing Bio-Inspired Algorithms and Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques
Authors: khakpour Yaser , akbari Mahla , Soltani-Moghadam Reza , alizadeh Haleh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Glaucoma is a disease related to the retina of the eye that leads to damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve receives electrical signals from the retina and transmits them to the brain, where they are interpreted as vision. Glaucoma is usually [not always] associated with increased intraocular pressure, and this increase in pressure results in damage to the optic nerve. Currently, millions of people suffer from this disease. Early diagnosis of this condition can save patients from blindness. Therefore, various methods for its diagnosis have been developed. The hallmark of this disease is the degeneration of the optic nerve and the loss of visual field. The optic nerve head (ONH) is a part that connects the optic nerve to the retina, and its two-dimensional structure is called the optic disc. The effects of glaucoma manifest in this region of the retina. The conventional method for assessing glaucoma progression is the cup-to-disc ratio (c/d). The main purpose of this study is to identify images affected by glaucoma in its early stages by calculating the c/d ratio. Since in glaucoma, in addition to the optic nerve head, other layers of the eye such as the Ganglion Cell Layer (GCL) are also affected, this study will also examine this layer to establish a meaningful relationship between GCL and primary glaucoma. Evaluation will be based on two criteria: sensitivity and specificity, and based on results obtained from an expert physician's opinion as a standard reference.
Eprosartan Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Ethanol-induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Mirghaed Ali Taheri , Mansourian Mahboubeh , Abdzadeh Soroor , Azizi Mahdokht , Karimi Farzaneh , Behrouj Hamid , Daryabor Gholamreza , Larki Rozina Abbasi , Mehrabi Sadrollah , Jahantab Mohammad Bagher , Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Eprosartan is an effective blood pressure medication that blocks the Angiotensin
Type 1 (AT1) receptor. The studies conducted on Eprosartan showed anti-oxidative stress effects and modulating
inflammatory mechanisms. The current research is designed to clarify and examine the possible advantageous
impacts of Eprosartan against chronic ethanol-induced hepatic damage.

Method:
Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were haphazardly separated into four groups. The control
group received normal saline 1 g/kg for 35 days (group 1). The EtOH group received 7 g/kg of 40% ethanol
orally for 35 days (group 2). The EtOH+ EP group was pretreated with 60 mg/kg of Eprosartan dissolved in
normal saline orally and, after 60 minutes, received 7 g/kg of 40% ethanol orally for 35 days (group 3). The
EP group received only Eprosartan 60 mg/kg dissolved in normal saline for 35 days (group 4). The levels of
biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological staining
were evaluated in serum and liver tissue. The interactive behavior of Eprosartan with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
(TNF-α) protein was also explained by molecular docking.

Results:
Pre-treatment with Eprosartan (60 mg/kg) notably diminished the elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase
(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) enzymes, total
triglyceride, cholesterol, total bilirubin, and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)
and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, which were induced by alcohol administration (P-value ≤ 0.05). In the Eprosartan
pre-treated group, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content of liver tissue were remarkably diminished,
as compared to the ethanol-induced rats. In addition, histopathological results approved the indicated
finding. Molecular docking research gives insights into potential interactions of Eprosartan with TNF-α protein.

Conclusion:
Our results revealed that the pre-treatment with Eprosartan (60 mg/kg) preserves against chronic
alcohol-induced hepatic damage.
In vitro and In vivo Drug Metabolism Analysis of BPI-460372 - A Covalent TEAD1/3/4 Inhibitor
Authors: Liu Xiaoyun , Zhong Dafang , Tang Chong Zhuang , Xu Xiaofeng , Lan Hong , Diao Xingxing 
Published: February 2025

Background:
BPI-460372 is an orally available, covalent, irreversible small molecule inhibitor of
the transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) 1/3/4, which is currently in clinical development for
the treatment of cancers with Hippo pathway alterations.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the cytochrome P450 (CYP) phenotyping, metabolic stability, and
in vitro and in vivo metabolic profile of BPI-460372.

Methods:
The CYP phenotyping and metabolic stability were assessed by measuring the depletion of substrate.
The metabolic profile in hepatocytes and rat and dog plasma was analyzed using ultra-high-performance
liquid chromatography combined with Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS).

Results:
BPI-460372 was mainly metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP1A2. BPI-460372 exhibited
low clearance in human, monkey, and rat hepatocytes, while moderate clearance in dog and mouse hepatocytes.
A total of 10 metabolites were identified in five species of hepatocytes, and no human-unique metabolite
was detected. In rat plasma and dog plasma, the primary metabolites were M407 (BPI-460430) and M423
(BPI-460456), respectively. The two metabolites were quantitatively determined in rat and dog plasma in
pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies. The major metabolic site was 2-fluoro-acrylamide, and major metabolic
pathways in hepatocytes, and rat and dog plasma involved oxidative defluorination, hydration, glutathione
(GSH) conjugation, hydrolysis, cysteine conjugation, and N-acetyl cysteine conjugation. β-lyase pathway
contributed to the metabolism of BPI-460372 in rats to a certain degree.

Conclusion:
This study elucidated the metabolism of BPI-460372 and provided a basis for pharmacokinetic
and toxicological species selection, human pharmacokinetics prediction, and assessment of clinical co-administration
limitations and possible metabolic pathways in humans.
Base Mediated 7-exo-dig Intramolecular Cyclization of Betti-propargyl Precursors: An Efficient Approach to 1,4-oxazepine Derivatives
Authors: Yazzaf Rozita , Asadi Mina , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
1,4-oxazepine is a significant structural motif found in several bio-active molecules used in the treatment of diseases such as psychotic disorders.

Methods:
Therefore, developing novel methodologies for its preparation is of great interest to medicinal chemists.

Results:
These seven-membered heterocycles are generated through the intramolecular cy-clization of Betti bases, which are propargylated using propargyl bromide as the source of the triple bond in the presence of a base.

Conclusion:
This efficient and straightforward protocol proceeds under mild, metal-free conditions and has been shown to be applicable to a broad range of aldehydes and 2-aminopyridines.
Novel Advanced Hybrid Jamming Techniques for GPS/GLONASS Receivers on UAVs Using Locally Designed SDR Platform
Authors: Ballouk Abdo , Chahine Mohamed Khaled , Alhariri Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) pose significant security risks to critical
infrastructure, potentially leading to unauthorized surveillance, attacks, or accidents. Counteracting
these threats requires robust defensive measures. UAVs predominantly rely on Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS, for
navigation. Disrupting these systems through jamming can effectively hinder UAV operations. This
paper introduces novel hybrid jamming techniques targeting GPS and GLONASS signals, utilizing
locally developed Software-Defined Radio (SDR) technology to enhance security against UAV
threats.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to propose and assess the efficiency of hybrid jamming techniques
for GPS and GLONASS in UAVs, employing an SDR platform as a defense mechanism.

Methods:
A locally designed SDR platform was employed to implement and test several hybrid
jamming methods, including combinations of spot jamming, sweep jamming, and frequency hopping
jamming. These methods targeted the civilian GPS L1 frequency (1575.42 MHz) and
GLONASS G1 frequency range (1593–1610 MHz). Tests were conducted on multiple commercial
UAVs to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques in disrupting navigation.

Results:
The combination of spot jamming with sweep jamming, at a 1575.42 MHz center frequency
and a 2 MHz sweep bandwidth for GPS, and sweep jamming for GLONASS G1 proved to be
the most effective. Contrarily, sweep jamming paired with frequency hopping jamming showed the
least disruption.

Conclusion:
The effectiveness of advanced hybrid jamming techniques for disrupting GNSS signals
in UAVs has been demonstrated, with the potential to enhance the protection of critical infrastructure.
Dignity Beyond the Human Person, Issues, Risks and Perspectives in EHR Law
Authors: Benezech Ludovic 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Human dignity is at the heart of the project of safeguarding and developing conventional fundamental rights. Dignity was conceived by the European Court as the foundation and purpose of the human person. However, the human person is no longer the only one to be the subject of protection, the Court having gradually integrated the question of the protection of animals in particular. If some authors wish to extend the concept of dignity to animals, the study will demonstrate that it is currently neither possible (de lege lata) nor desirable (de lege ferranda) to make this paradigm shift.
The Denial of the Full Humanity of Others in Current U.S. Political Discourse. Legal Regulation and Conformity with International Obligations
Authors: Sidelnikova Arina 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Despite the fact that humanity would like to think of dehumanization as a relic of a darker past, nowadays this topic is still relevant, but has acquired new shades. Today, it often becomes a tool for high-level politicians to achieve their goals: to gain cheap loyalty based not on unity of views and values, but on the fear of “others”, and to legitimize the mistreatment of certain groups of people. This problem affects not only authoritarian states but also democracies, and the United States is no exception. Therefore, this article examines the legal aspects of strategic dehumanization under the U.S. legal order and analyzes its consistency with U.S. international obligations..
A Just Energy Transition in the International Investment Agreements
Authors: Feigerlová Monika 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The polarity of arguments is significant among EU Member States, EU institutions, and scholars on the modernisation outcome of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). The principal disagreement is whether the modernised agreement aligns with the Paris Agreement and meets the goals of a ‘just transition’. The modernised treaty, as a first investment treaty, has introduced a flexibility mechanism to end the protection of fossil-fuel related investments. The article aims to analyse the draft reformed treaty from a conceptual perspective, aiming to contribute to an understanding of the just transition concept in the context of international investment law and transitioning away from fossil fuel-related investments.
Constitutional Order and the Rule of Law in a Time of War in Ukraine
Authors: Trykhlib Kristina 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Today, Ukraine and its constitutional order are facing enormous internal and external challenges. The key challenges for the national legal order of Ukraine at the moment are, inter alia, the constitutionality of specially adopted legislation, the effective provision and protection of basic human rights and fundamental freedoms, compliance with the proportionality principle in the case of temporary restrictions on human rights, the preservation of the system of checks and balances under the principle of the separation of powers, ensuring access to an independent and impartial judiciary and recognition of the legal status and jurisdiction of future international courts, etc. Undoubtedly, this war in the centre of Europe requires the consolidation of the entire international and European community and the elaboration of effective mechanisms to counteract and stop aggression. Thus, the war in Ukraine is a challenge to the system of international public law and democracy in general.
The influence of current on the structure of the intermetallic compound in solder alloys
Authors: Skácel Josef , Otáhal Alexandr 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of applied current on the structure of Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₃Sn intermetallic layers and compounds within the volume of the SAC305 solder alloy. The study focuses on the transition region between a copper electrode and the solder alloy. Direct current at magnitudes of 25 A and 30 A was applied for durations of 30 and 90 minutes, alongside samples fabricated without current application. After the samples were prepared, the surfaces were refined through sanding and subsequent polishing with diamond pastes. To enhance the quality of data obtained from these samples, the surfaces were etched, improving the visibility of their microstructure. Statistical analysis of the intermetallic layer thickness at the Cu electrode–solder alloy interface was conducted. The results revealed a significant influence of applied current on the width of the intermetallic layers. Measurements demonstrated a polarity-dependent effect on the layer thickness, that samples formed under current exhibiting substantially thicker layers at the positive electrode compared to the negative electrode. Additionally, the samples with applied current showed a significant increase in the size of intermetallic compounds within the solder alloy, reaching dimensions of several millimeters. The final part of the research involved elemental analysis to confirm the composition of the intermetallic compounds. This analysis validated the presence of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn.
Adaptive observer design for a class of nonlinear fractional-order Lipschitz systems with unknown time-varying parameters
Authors: Hadji Mohsen Mohamed , Ladaci Samir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The confluence of nonlinearity, unavailable states, and unknown time-varying parameters poses profound estimation challenges in fractional-order dynamical systems. This paper presents a novel adaptive observer design for nonlinear fractional-order Lipschitz systems with unknown, slowly time-varying parameters. Drawing on recent advancements in fractional-order calculus, a rigorous stability analysis is conducted, deriving the updating law and formulating the observer’s viability and stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and linear matrix equalities (LMEs). The proposed observer ensures the stability of both state observation and parameter estimation errors, along with the asymptotic convergence of the observation error norm square mean value to zero. Empirical results from a case study on a fractional-order financial system validate the efficacy of the proposed observer, thereby advancing the field of states and parameters estimation theory for non-integer order nonlinear systems.
Doping Ag Terhadap Sintesis Nanopartikel ZnO Menggunakan Metode Sol-Gel Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Sel Surya
Authors: Putra A.A. Made Wisnu Wijaya , Giriantari I.A.D. , Setiawan I.N. 
Published: February 2025

Ketersediaan energi semakin menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan energi, sehingga diperlukan sumber energi terbarukan yang bersahabat dengan lingkungan dan mudah diakses. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) adalah salah satu teknologi ramah lingkungan yang dapat diandalkan untuk mengonversi energi matahari menjadi energi listrik. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis nanopartikel ZnO dengan penambahan doping Ag menggunakan metode sol-gel. Proses sintesis dilakukan dengan kalsinasi pada suhu 600° C selama 3 jam dan sintering pada suhu 850º C selama 10 jam. Hasil sintesis yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Karakterisasi dari X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya penurunan nilai fraksi volume karena penambahan doping Ag, dimana fraksi volume yang diperoleh yaitu 71,9 %. Ukuran partikel yang diperoleh 576,2 nm. Penambahan doping Ag tidak terlalu mempengaruhi parameter kisi sampel, karena besar nilainya hampir sama yaitu a = 3,234083 Å, b = 3.234083 Å, c = 5.194726 Å. Analisis hasil karakterisasi Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), ukuran partikel rata-rata yang didapat adalah 1706,55254 nm. Pengukuran arus dan voltase dari DSSC dengan semikonduktor ZnO menunjukkan arus sebesar 14 mA dan voltase yang dihasilkan yaitu 0,22 V. Dari data tersebut didapat efisiensi DSSC dengan semikonsuktor ZnO sebesar 0,29 %.
Gambaran Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Andalas selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Muttaqien Muhamad Imamhamda , Yulistini Y , Afriani Nita 
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 telah merubah cara pembelajaran di semua perguruan tinggi, termasuk pendidikan kedokteran, yakni dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran motivasi belajar mahasiswa tahap sarjana di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas selama pandemi COVID-19.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik simple random sampling, didapatkan sampel sebanyak 309 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa angkatan 2017, 2018, dan 2019. Motivasi belajar diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Hasil pengukuran disajikan dengan skala kategorik, yaitu motivasi tinggi, sedang, dan rendah.
Hasil: Analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa 79% mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Andalas memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar tinggi dan tidak ditemukan mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar rendah. Angkatan 2019 memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar tertinggi pada saat pandemi, yaitu sebesar 88,9% diantara angkatan mahasiswa aktif lainnya.
Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Andalas memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar sedang dan tinggi selama pandemi COVID-19, serta mahasiswa angkatan 2019 memiliki tingkat motivasi tinggi terbesar, yakni sebesar 88,9%.
Hubungan Gangguan Mental Emosional dengan Kualitas Hidup Caregiver Pasien Skizofrenia
Authors: Seftyarni Moudy Annisa , Liza Rini Gusya , Burhan Ida Rahmah 
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan jiwa berat yang membutuhkan bantuan caregiver. Caregiver pasien skizofrenia di Indonesia rata-rata adalah keluarga pasien tersebut sehingga berisiko mengalami gangguan mental emosional akibat beban perawatan dan beban emosional yang harus dipikul. Gangguan mental emosional dapat menyebabkan terganggunya kualitas hidup seseorang.
Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan gangguan mental emosional dengan kualitas hidup caregiver pasien skizofrenia.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2022 – November 2022. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh caregiver pasien skizofrenia di RSJ Prof. Dr. HB Saanin Padang dengan total sampel sebanyak 160 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling.
Hasil: 50,6% caregiver mengalami gangguan mental emosional dan 45,9% caregiver berada pada tingkat kualitas hidup sedang. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara gangguan mental emosional dengan kualitas hidup (p-value <0,001) pada nilai signifikansi 0,05.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara gangguan mental emosional dengan kualitas hidup caregiver pasien skizofrenia.
Kata kunci: gangguan mental emosional, kualitas hidup, caregiver, skizofrenia
Efektivitas Project Based Learning dalam Kurikulum Merdeka terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Karangdadap
Authors: A’izah Dewi Lailatul , Dewi Heni Lilia 
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze whether the application of the Project Based Learning model in the Independent Curriculum is effective on the mathematical critical thinking ability of SMP Negeri 1 Karangdadap students. This type of research is Equivalent Control Group Design. The data collection techniques are tests, observations, and documents. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are early stage data analysis including normality test, homogeneity test and mean equation test, final stage data analysis includes normality test, homogeneity test, mean difference test (t-test), and N-Gain test. Based on the results of the assessment of teacher activities (researchers) got a score of 53 with a percentage of 83.3%, including the very good criteria. Posttest data stated that the average score of the experimental class) was 86.6 (high category). Meanwhile, the results of the N-Gain test show that the experimental class has an average N-Gain score of 0.765 (high category) and a N-Gain Percent of 76.5% (very effective). These results show that Project Based Learning is effective on students' mathematical critical thinking skills.