bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Role of the Mesenteric Depot Versus Other Intra-abdominal Adipose Depots in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Young Rats
Authors: Catalano Karyn J. , Stefanovski Darko , Bergman Richard N. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Age-associated insulin resistance may be caused by increased visceral adiposity and older animals appear to be more susceptible to obesity-related resistance than young animals. However, it is unclear to what extent the portally drained mesenteric fat depot influences this susceptibility.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Young high-fat–fed and old obese rats were subjected to 0, 2, 4, or 6 weeks of caloric restriction. Insulin sensitivity (SI) was assessed by hyperinsulinemic clamp and lean body mass (LBM) and total body fat were assessed by 18O-water administration.

RESULTS
Six weeks of caloric restriction caused a similar reduction in body weight in young and old animals (P = 0.748) that was not due to reduced subcutaneous fat or LBM, but rather preferential loss of abdominal fat (P &lt; 0.05). Most notably, mesenteric fat was reduced equivalently in young and old rats after 6 weeks of caloric restriction (∼↓53%; P = 0.537). Despite similar visceral fat loss, SI improved less in old (↑32.76 ± 9.80%) than in young (↑82.91 ± 12.66%) rats versus week 0. In addition, there was significantly more reversal of fat accumulation in the liver in young (% reduction: 89 ± 2) versus old (64 ± 5) rats (P &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, in young rats, SI changed much more rapidly for a given change in mesenteric fat versus other abdominal depots (slope = 0.53 vs. ≤0.27 kg/min/mg per % fat).

CONCLUSIONS
Improved SI during caloric restriction correlated with a preferential abdominal fat loss. This improvement was refractory in older animals, likely because of slower liberation of hepatic lipid. Furthermore, mesenteric fat was a better predictor of SI than other abdominal depots in young but not old rats. These results suggest a singular role for mesenteric fat to determine insulin resistance. This role may be related to delivery of lipid to liver, and associated accumulation of liver fat.
TBC1D1 Regulates Insulin- and Contraction-Induced Glucose Transport in Mouse Skeletal Muscle
Authors: An Ding , Toyoda Taro , Taylor Eric B. , Yu Haiyan , Fujii Nobuharu , Hirshman Michael F. , Goodyear Laurie J. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
TBC1D1 is a member of the TBC1 Rab-GTPase family of proteins and is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Insulin and contraction increase TBC1D1 phosphorylation on phospho-Akt substrate motifs (PASs), but the function of TBC1D1 in muscle is not known. Genetic linkage analyses show a TBC1D1 R125W missense variant confers risk for severe obesity in humans. The objective of this study was to determine whether TBC1D1 regulates glucose transport in skeletal muscle.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In vivo gene injection and electroporation were used to overexpress wild-type and several mutant TBC1D1 proteins in mouse tibialis anterior muscles, and glucose transport was measured in vivo.

RESULTS
Expression of the obesity-associated R125W mutant significantly decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in the absence of changes in TBC1D1 PAS phosphorylation. Simultaneous expression of an inactive Rab-GTPase (GAP) domain of TBC1D1 in the R125W mutant reversed this decrease in glucose transport caused by the R125W mutant. Surprisingly, expression of TBC1D1 mutated to Ala on four conserved Akt and/or AMP-activated protein kinase predicted phosphorylation sites (4P) had no effect on insulin-stimulated glucose transport. In contrast, expression of the TBC1D1 4P mutant decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport, an effect prevented by concomitant disruption of TBC1D1 Rab-GAP activity. There was no effect of the R125W mutation on contraction-stimulated glucose transport.

CONCLUSIONS
TBC1D1 regulates both insulin- and contraction-stimulated glucose transport, and this occurs via distinct mechanisms. The R125W mutation of TBC1D1 impairs skeletal muscle glucose transport, which could be a mechanism for the obesity associated with this mutation.
Independent Metabolic Syndrome Variants Predict New-Onset Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Vaidya Dhananjay , Mathias Rasika A. , Kral Brian G. , Yanek Lisa R. , Becker Lewis C. , Becker Diane M. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Any combination of metabolic abnormalities may constitute the metabolic syndrome (MetS), conferring coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, but the independent effect of different combinations on CAD onset remains unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Healthy adult siblings (n = 987) of premature CAD (&lt;60 years) case subjects were followed for 9.8 ± 3.8 years. Baseline MetS variables (insulin sensitivity index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) were recombined into five principal components (PC1–5), and risk factor–adjusted proportional hazards for CAD onset of median-dichotomized PCs were estimated.

RESULTS
The significant hazard ratios were as follows: for PC1 (all abnormalities except blood pressure) 1.66 (P = 0.036), PC2 (high blood pressure levels, high HDL cholesterol) 1.71 (P = 0.016), and PC4 (low HDL cholesterol, high insulin sensitivity, low triglycerides) 2.0 (P = 0.001). Traditionally defined MetS had a hazard ratio of 1.32 (P = 0.18).

CONCLUSIONS
Independent MetS variants identified by PC analysis may explain metabolic mechanisms that increase CAD risk better than the presence of traditional MetS.
Ternary complexes of vanadium(IV) with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) and ditetrazolium chlorides (DTC)
Authors: Genç Fatma , Gavazov Kiril , Türkyilmaz Murat 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Complex formation and liquid-liquid extraction have been studied for ternary complexes of vanadium(IV) with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) and ditetrazolium chlorides (DTC) in a water-chloroform medium. The specific ditetrazolium compounds investigated were i) 3,3′-(4,4′-biphenylene)-bis(2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium) chloride (Neotetrazolium chloride, NTC); ii) 3,3′-(3,3′-dimetoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)-bis(2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium) chloride (Blue Tetrazolium chloride, BTC); and iii) 3,3′-(3,3′-dimetoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)-bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium] chloride (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium chloride, NBT). Molar absorptivity coefficients and the composition of the complexes have been calculated. Association constants (β) have also been obtained for the interactions between the vanadium(IV) — PAR anionic chelates [VO(PAR)2]2− (I) and [VO(OH)2(PAR)2]4− (II), and ditetrazolium cations (DT2+). Some special features of NBT as an extraction-spectrophotometric reagent for vanadium(IV) have been discussed. Unlike NTC and BTC which form complexes with both I and II, NBT associates only with II. The pH interval for complete extraction of (NBT2+)2[VO(OH)2(PAR)2] is broader and allows work at lower pH values the other ion-associates of V(IV,V)-PAR that were studied. NBT is -therefore the appropriate reagent both for direct V(IV) determination and for V(IV)/V(V) separation. Some additional characteristics for the V(IV)-PAR-NBT-water-chloroform system have been determined: extraction constant, distribution constant, recovery factor, limit of detection and limit of quantification. Beer’s law is valid up to 1.4 μg mL−1 vanadium(IV) with molar absorptivity coefficient of 3.55×104 L mol−1 cm−1 at λmax=559 nm.
Determination of ultra-trace amounts of inorganic selenium species in natural water by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry coupled with nano-Al2O3 solid phase extraction
Authors: Liu Qingyang 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This work presents a nano-Al2O3 solid phase extraction technique for the determination of ultra-trace amounts of inorganic selenium species in aqueous systems using ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). In this experiment, the inorganic selenium species were successfully extracted on a nano-Al2O3 solid phase column and then quantitative eluted with a 100 mmol L−1 NaOH solution. Extraction conditions such as solvent identity, solvent concentration, solvent volume, solvent pH and salt addition were optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions (elute solvent: 100 mmol L−1 NaOH, solvent volume: 4 mL, pH: 7.0), low detection limits (Se (IV): 6 ng L−1, Se (VI): 11 ng L−1; RSD−1, R2 &gt; 0.999) were obtained for all of the analytes. Good spiked recoveries over the range of 80–98% were obtained by applying the proposed method on real environmental water samples. These results indicated that this method is very sensitive and reliable when monitoring trace levels of inorganic selenium species in aqueous samples.
ZrOCl2 · 8H2O: An efficient catalyst for rapid one-pot synthesis of 3-carboxycoumarins under ultrasound irradiation in water
Authors: Bardajee Ghasem , Jafarpour Farnaz , Afsari Hamid 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In this report, a rapid, efficient and environmental friendly synthesis of 3-carboxycoumarins under ultrasound irradiation in water media is described. The Knoevenagel condensation of Meldrum’s acid with substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of zirconium oxide chloride (ZrOCl2·8H2O) and ultrasonic irradiation in water gave the corresponding 3-carboxycoumarins in good to excellent yields.
Ion-exchange studies on poly-o-anisidine Sn(IV) phosphate nano composite and its application as Cd(II) ion-selective membrane electrode
Authors: Khan Asif , Khan Anish 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
An organic-inorganic composite, poly-o-anisidine Sn(IV) phosphate, was chemically synthesized by mixing ortho-anisidine into gels of Sn(IV) phosphate with different mixing volume ratios. Studies on the effect of eluant concentration, elution behavior and separation of metal ions were carried out to understand the ion-exchange capabilities. Due to Cd(II) selective nature of composite, revealed by distribution studies, Cd(II) ion selective membrane electrode was fabricated. The analytical utility of the electrode was established by employing it as an indicator electrode in electrometric titrations having fast response time, 3–5s, and long life span of six months. Some physical parameters like self-diffusion coefficient (D0), activation energy (Ea) and entropy of activation (ΔS0) have been evaluated under conditions favoring a particle diffusion-controlled mechanism by studying ion-exchange kinetics.
Nano-hydroxyapatite preparation from biogenic raw materials
Authors: Gergely Gréta , Wéber Ferenc , Lukács István , Illés Levente , Tóth Attila , Horváth Zsolt , Mihály Judit , Balázsi Csaba 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was successfully produced from recycled eggshell, seashell and phosphoric acid. The phases obtained depended on the ratio of calcined eggshell/ seashell to phosphoric acid, the calcination temperature and the mechanochemical activation method (ball milling or attrition milling). The HAp structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microsopy and infrared spectroscopy. Attrition milling was more effective than ball milling, yielding nanosize, homogenous and pure Hap.
Analysis of thermal diffusivity data determined for selected organic topsoil layer
Authors: Gnatowski Tomasz 
Published: March 2010

Analysis of thermal diffusivity data determined for selected organic topsoil layer
Thermal diffusivity (KT) is a very complex soil property. However, proper estimation of this parameter is very important for the study of thermal processes in the soil. Nevertheless, the thermal diffusivity of peat and organic soils is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different methods for the assessment of the thermal diffusivity of selected organic topsoil layer. The first group of methods included calculation procedures developed from analytical solution of the heat transfer equation. For the determination of thermal diffusivity the distribution of the soil temperature at two depths was required. The second group of methods was based on the classical definition of thermal diffusivity where the quantification of thermal conductivity and heat capacity is required. The measurements and calculations clearly suggest that methods based on the phase equation should be not considered as appropriate methods for thermal diffusivity determination for organic soils. The other methods considered lead to results which were comparable to the experimental KT data.
Gender perspective on quality of life, comparisons between groups 4–5.5 years after unsuccessful or successful IVF treatment
Authors: JOHANSSON MARIANNE , ADOLFSSON ANNSOFIE , BERG MARIE , FRANCIS JYNFIAF , HOGSTRÖM LARS , JANSON PER OLOF , SOGN JAN , HELLSTRÖM ANNA‐LENA 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective. To describe and compare quality of life in men and women who had in vitro fertilization (IVF) within the Swedish public health system 4–5.5 years previously, either unsuccessfully and were subsequently living without children, or successfully, having children aged 4–5.5 years. These groups were compared to a control group of men and women with children born at the same time as in the successful group. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting. Reproductive Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Sample. Twenty‐six men and 37 women in the unsuccessful group, 135 men and 154 women in the successful group and 93 men and 118 women in the control group. Methods. Questionnaire study. The respective gender differences were studied in the control and study groups. Main outcome measures. Psychological general well‐being (PGWB), sense of coherence (SOC), experience of infertility, demographic‐socio‐economic, and health characteristics. Results. Men in the unsuccessful IVF group scored lower in total PGWB and SOC indices than the successful group men. They reported more depression, lower PGWB and lower SOC than the control group men. Women in the unsuccessful IVF group reported more anxiety, depression, and lower SOC than the successful group women and more depression and lower SOC indices than control group women. Men and women in the unsuccessful IVF group did not differ in any of the parameters. Men in the successful IVF group had higher PGWB, less signs of depression and more self‐confidence than women in that group. Conclusion. Quality of life in men seems more negatively affected by involuntary infertility than reported in earlier studies.
Psychopathology and Symptom Remission at Adolescence Among Children with Attention-Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Shur-Fen Gau Susan , Lin Yu-Ju , Tai-Ann Cheng Andrew , Chiu Yen-Nan , Tsai Wen-Che , Soong Wei-Tsuen 
Published: March 2010

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine changes of attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities at adolescence, and mother-child agreement on reports of ADHD symptoms among children with ADHD as compared to unaffected controls. Methods: The participants included 93 patients (male, 82.8%) aged 11–16, who were clinically diagnosed with ADHD at the mean age of 7.3 ± 2.8 years, and 93 age-, sex-, and parental education-matched school controls. The participants and their mothers were frist interviewed separately for baseline psychopathology at childhood, followed by current psychopathology using the Chinese Kiddie Epidemiologic version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Results: At adolescence, 46 patients (49.5%) met full DSM-IV ADHD criteria, 31 (33.3%) had subthreshold ADHD, and 16 (17.2%) had recovered from ADHD. We found a significant progressive decline in the three ADHD core symptoms for the ADHD group: hyperactivity had the greatest effect size, followed by inattention, and then impulsivity. Children with ADHD tended to report less severe ADHD symptoms at childhood and adolescence than their mothers. They were more likely than the controls to have oppositional defiant disorder (odds ratio (OR)=18.0; 95% confidence interval (CI)=8.3–38.9), conduct disorder (OR=23.1, 95%CI =5.3–100.2), mood disorders (OR=3.8, 95%CI = 1.5–9.4), bipolar disorders (Fisher's exact p < 0.001), and sleep disorders (OR=3.1, 95%CI = 1.6–6.0) at adolescence. Conclusions: The present findings are similar to those of Western studies, regarding the patterns of comorbidity, stability of core symptoms, and mother–child differences on symptom reports.
Cigarette Smoking And Psychosis: Naturalistic Follow up 4 Years After an Intervention Trial
Authors: Baker Amanda , Richmond Robyn , Lewin Terry J. , Kay-Lambkin Frances 
Published: March 2010

Objective: Cigarette smoking is very common among people with a psychotic disorder and is often not addressed by clinicians. Additionally, few studies have evaluated smoking interventions among this group. The present study reports findings from a naturalistic follow up 4 years after a smoking intervention trial. Method: Longer-term smoking, symptomatology and functioning were examined among 247 participants (recruited in Sydney and Newcastle, Australia) who initially attended a 1 year follow up of an eight-session individually administered trial for regular smokers with a psychotic disorder. Variables profiled included continuous and point prevalence abstinence rates, smoking reduction status (no reduction, <50%, ≥50%, or abstinence) and changes in anxiety, depression and current functioning. Results: Two-thirds of those who completed the 1 year assessment were followed up at 4 years (164/247, 66.4%), of whom 79.2% reported maintenance or improvement in their smoking reduction status relative to 1 year. Abstinence at 1 year was significantly associated with 4 year point prevalence abstinence. Lengthy periods of abstinence were also evident among those reporting 4 year point prevalence abstinence or at least a 50% reduction. No baseline or intervention status variables predicted smoking status at 4 years. Symptomatology and functioning also improved between baseline and 4 years. Conclusions: Smokers with a psychotic disorder are capable of long-term change. It is recommended that clinicians address and monitor smoking during treatment of people with psychosis, emphasizing potential lifestyle and harm reduction benefits, with a view to eventual smoking cessation.
Vulnerability Factors for Disaster-Induced Child Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Case for Low Family Resilience and Previous Mental Illness
Authors: McDermott Brett M. , Cobham Vanessa E. , Berry Helen , Stallman Helen M. 
Published: March 2010

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether parent report of family resilience predicted children's disaster-induced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and general emotional symptoms, independent of a broad range of variables including event-related factors, previous child mental illness and social connectedness. Methods: A total of 568 children (mean age = 10.2 years, SD = 1.3) who attended public primary schools, were screened 3 months after Cyclone Larry devastated the Innisfail region of North Queensland. Measures included parent report on the Family Resilience Measure and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)–emotional subscale and child report on the PTSD Reaction Index, measures of event exposure and social connectedness. Results: Sixty-four students (11.3%) were in the severe–very severe PTSD category and 53 families (28.6%) scored in the poor family resilience range. A lower family resilience score was associated with child emotional problems on the SDQ and longer duration of previous child mental health difficulties, but not disaster-induced child PTSD or child threat perception on either bivariate analysis, or as a main or moderator variable on multivariate analysis (main effect: adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13–2.44). Similarly, previous mental illness was not a significant predictor of child PTSD in the multivariate model (ORadj = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.16–3.61). Conclusion: In this post-disaster sample children with existing mental health problems and those of low-resilience families were not at elevated risk of PTSD. The possibility that the aetiological model of disaster-induced child PTSD may differ from usual child and adolescent conceptualizations is discussed.
Prognostic significance of contrast-enhancing anaplastic astrocytomas in adults
Authors: Chaichana Kaisorn L. , Kosztowski Thomas , Niranjan Ashwini , Olivi Alessandro , Weingart Jon D. , Laterra John , Brem Henry , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: March 2010

Object
Patients harboring anaplastic astrocytomas (AAs) typically have a poor prognosis, with median survival times of approximately 3 years following resection. However, a significant variability in individual outcomes remains, with some patients surviving for a few months and others for several years. The ability to predict patient outcomes based on preoperative variables would help prognosticate survival and may also guide treatment strategies. The prognostic implications of a preoperative contrast-enhancing AA remain poorly understood.

Methods
The medical records of all patients who underwent a craniotomy for a hemispheric AA from 1996 to 2006 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify independent associations with recurrence and survival. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank analysis were used to plot and compare outcomes for patients with and without preoperative contrast enhancement.

Results
One hundred sixty-five patients were available for analysis. The AAs were contrast enhancing in 102 patients (62%), and nonenhancing in 63 patients (38%). There were no significant differences in clinical and treatment-related variables between patients with and without contrast enhancement. After multivariate analysis, contrast enhancement was independently associated with decreased survival (p = 0.02) and increased recurrence (p = 0.04). The 5-year overall survival rates for patients with contrast-enhancing versus nonenhancing tumors were 31 and 38.5%, respectively. The 3-year rates of progression-free survival for patients with contrast-enhancing versus nonenhancing tumors were 32 and 56%, respectively. Interestingly, heterogeneously enhancing tumors appear to result in poorer outcomes as compared with other types of enhancement (such as ring enhancing, nodular, and others). Among patients with contrast-enhancing AAs, gross-total resection significantly delayed recurrence (p = 0.05) but did not significantly prolong survival (p = 0.52).

Conclusions
This study may provide insights into risk-stratifying patients with AAs, and most specifically those with AAs that enhance with contrast administration.