bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Dewey's Experience and Education: Lessons for Museums
Authors: ANSBACHER TED 
Published: May 2010

AbstractJohn Dewey, one of the preeminent educational theorists of our time, wrote Experience and Education 60 years ago, toward the end of his career, as a review of his educational philosophy and the progressive schools it had spawned. Based on the principle that all genuine education comes about through experience, Dewey's ideas are still current and particularly relevant to the theory and practice of museum education. They are, nevertheless, not widely cited within the museum profession. This article comments on Experience and Education, a slim, readable volume, in the hope of giving it wider readership.Major ideas from each chapter of the book are summarized along with comments on their application to various museum issues. Dewey distinguishes two fundamentally opposed ideas: that education is development from within and that it is formation from without. Believing that experience is the basis for education, he basically takes the within position, although he also warns against either‐or thinking. Dewey identifies two aspects of experience and two criteria for judging it which have implications for such things as setting exhibit goals, evaluating exhibits, developing exhibit content, and untangling education and entertainment. He goes on to look at problems of implementing experience‐based learning such as maintaining social control, moving people from initial impulses to more purposeful inquiry, and developing organized subject matter from individual experiences. All of this applies to museums as well as schools.
Learning from Ruins: A Visitor Study at Uxmal
Authors: BROWN SUSAN FISHER , KORAN JOHN J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFew evaluations have been conducted at archeological parks. This study was undertaken to (1) test knowledge gain in visitors, (2) test epistemic curiosity arousal in visitors, (3) record general visitor information, and (4) assess visitor satisfaction. Comparisons between males, females, Spanish speakers, and English speakers were made. Results showed a significant increase in visitor knowledge (p<.05) and a significant difference between epistemic curiosity arousal in Spanish‐ and English‐speaking visitors (p<.05). Latin‐American Spanish speakers evidenced the greatest interest in learning more about the subject. This project also demonstrated the feasibility of conducting evaluations at archeological sites.
Fakes and Forgeries
Authors: GRASSET CONSTANCE DEDIEU 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFakery is a protean concept, taking different forms according to circumstances. A work judged to be genuine in one era might be considered a fake, or a partial fake, in another. In some contexts, modified works or copies might be acceptable or even preferred to the original or to its unretouched version. Different criteria—for example, aesthetic effect versus value on the art market—may lead to different judgments. Fakery is not a black‐and‐white issue. Art lovers should realize that many paintings are not entirely what they are said to be. This essay discusses some of these issues, as well as techniques that can now be used to analyze artworks.
A Moving Experience: Thirteen Years and Two Million Objects Later
Authors: HANSEN GRETA , SAWDEY CATHERINE ZWIESLER 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe Department of Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution began preparing and moving its ethnographic and archeological collections, consisting of two million specimens, to an off‐site storage facility in 1983. The move was necessitated by continual museum accessions and diminishing available storage space, resulting in overcrowded conditions. Thirteen years later, the anthropology move is nearing completion. This article documents some of the circumstances that precipitated the collection move. It also delineates the procedures that evolved and some of the lessons learned. Experience showed that adequate training of staff was essential to the success of the project. Bar code technology was implemented to streamline tracking of objects and inventory control. With the completion of the anthropology move, the collections care is significantly improved on many levels, but challenges lie ahead because the new storage facility is nearing capacity.
Strangers, Guests, or Clients? Visitor Experiences in Museums
Authors: DOERING ZAHAVA D. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis article discusses how museums relate to their visitors. It introduces three interpretive categories to summarize the ways that museums view their visitors: as Strangers, Guests, or Clients. Strangers: This attitude arises when the museum maintains that its primary responsibility is to the collection and not to the public. Guests: From this point of view, the museum wants to “do good” for visitors primarily through “educational” activities. Clients: In this attitude the museum believes that its primary responsibility is to be accountable to the visitor. This article suggests that social trends will force museums to treat visitors as clients. Institutions will then acknowledge that visitors have needs, expectations, and wants that the museum is obligated to understand and meet. Also discussed are four major categories of experiences that individuals find most satisfying in museums: (1) Social experiences center on one or more other people, besides the visitor; (2) Object experiences give prominence to the artifact or the “real thing”; (3) Cognitive experiences emphasize the interpretive or intellectual aspects of the experience; and (4) Introspective experiences focus on the visitor's personal reflections, usually triggered by an object or a setting in the museum. The categories are based on empirical research conducted in different Smithsonian museums. The article concludes with a brief discussion of museum settings, or “servicescapes,” that support or detract from the experiences of visitors.
Exploring Satisfying Experiences in Museums
Authors: PEKARIK ANDREW J. , DOERING ZAHAVA D. , KARNS DAVID A. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis article presents results from an ongoing research project that investigates the experiences visitors find satisfying in museums. Using a list constructed from interviews with visitors and surveys, data were obtained from visitors in nine Smithsonian museums. Analysis of the results showed that experiences can be classified into four categories: Object experiences, Cognitive experiences, Introspective experiences, and Social experiences. The article points out that the type of most satisfying experience differs according to the characteristics of museums, exhibitions, and visitors. It also proposes an interpretation for these data, and suggests some possible applications.
A Survey of Museums on the Web: Who Uses Museum Websites?
Authors: SARRAF SUZANNE 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe Internet is a means of global communication that has revolutionized the dissemination and retrieval of information. As the public becomes technologically savvy, museums have the opportunity to use new technology to expand their reach. This article profiles both the average Internet user and average museum Website visitor. The Internet has the potential to amplify enrichment by making museums more universally accessible.
A Removable Mount for the Individual Cranial Bones of a Juvenile Dinosaur
Authors: BENNETT G. E. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTMounting original fossil material of juvenile animals can present challenges beyond working with adult material, primarily because the lack of fusion in juvenile bones translates into a greater number of smaller elements to be mounted. In the present case, this paper describes the fabrication of a mount for a subadult ornithopod dinosaur. The fragile, unfused cranial bones required the creation of separate cradles for individual or groups of bones. For a typical mounted adult vertebrate skull, only two structural units for the cranium and the lower jaws would be necessary.
Community Impact of Science Centers: Is There Any?
Authors: PERSSON PER‐EDVIN 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTIn a competitive environment, established cultural institutions need to justify their activities and to provide measurable indications of success when applying for public and private funds. Science centers are part of the movement striving to enhance public understanding of science. The educational aspects of science centers have been the subject of numerous studies, while there is much less tangible information on the economic, political, or public impact of our institutions. There is clear evidence that learning behaviors occur in non‐formal settings. Crude assessments of the economic contribution by a cultural institution to the local economy can fairly easily be made. These include the direct purchasing power of the institutional budget and the salaries that the employees get, and an estimate of the direct costs related to the visits. An indication of the impact on local communities may be estimated from the attendance figures as a percentage of the total metropolitan population. Science centers tend to attract media attention for the exhibitions, programs, and events that they stage. This can be measured. The impact on the local economy, on political agendas, and on public perception of science has been only rudimentarily studied. Methods have not been developed, nor have the critical questions been clarified. More research, including compilation of existing scattered proprietary data, is needed. An active role in promoting a research agenda, or at least in compiling and accessing relevant data, could be taken by the professional organizations of science centers.
The “Gallop Poll”: Using Evaluation to Develop Fossil Horses in Cyberspace, An Online Exhibition
Authors: Camp Betty Dunckel , MacFadden Bruce J. , Mercer Melissa J. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe number, complexity, and popularity of World Wide Web sites has increased dramatically in recent years, providing a new opportunity for museum access. This case study describes the front‐end and formative evaluations conducted during the development of the Florida Museum of Natural History's first virtual exhibition, Fossil Horses in Cyberspace <http:www.flmnh.ufl.edunatscivertpaleofhcfhc.htm>, which during 2000 received −540,000 hits equating to −60,000 user sessions. As with physical exhibitions, evaluation is critical to enhancing the educational effectiveness and appeal of online exhibitions.
Our Colleagues, Our Selves: Modeling Museum Worldviews in the Process of Change
Authors: KRUG KERSTI 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAS museums respond to changing forces in our increasingly complex world, we who must make the changes find ourselves in the throes of discomfort and even conflict with formerly comfortable colleagues. We blame those on opposing sides of our views as obstinate, ignorant, or self‐serving. Why then does change invariably engender conflict? This article explores the underlying factors — the world‐views that each of us brings to the table — and presents a model of archetypes that hints at where museum professionals might fit. The aim is to expose the existence of fundamental differences in how each one of us approaches change so that we can navigate through disagreements, retain professional relations, and contribute positively to our museums.
In Byzantium1
Authors: SMITH JEFFREY K. , CARR DAVID 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTDuring Spring 1997 we experimented with a research method combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to documenting visitor experiences in The Glory of Byzantium, a special exhibition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. In addition to using standard demographic and behavior surveys, a small team of researchers and volunteers gathered information, compared experiences, and summarized their observations of people in the exhibition. Each team member conducted about a dozen structured conversations with visitors as they left the exhibition. Subsequently the team met as an informal focus group to describe their experiences. We found that many museum users arrived with relevant experiences and high expectations for this somewhat specialized exhibition; we also found users whose approach to the exhibition was less well‐informed, but whose enthusiasm and trust for the museum experience moved them to attend with satisfaction. We believe that such team approaches to research might well be used as a regular part of museum work as we search for answers to the many elusive questions about museum use.
Changing Permanent Exhibitions: An Exercise in Hindsight, Foresight, and Insight1
Authors: MAYER CAROL E. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTTraditions associated with conservatism, scholarly content, and durability inform the ideology of the permanent exhibition. Once installed it is usually considered complete, and will remain unchanged until its content is questioned or considered outdated, or its physical deterioration becomes embarrassing. Museum curators work on very few, if any, permanent exhibitions during their career, and when they do their primary focus is on the scholarly content. It has only been in the past few years that museums, and curators, have looked to the discipline of visitor studies as being integral to process of exhibition development and the accessibility of content. A permanent exhibition constructed prior to this collaboration is revisited by its curator who applied five visitor studies' methodologies to the gallery to ascertain whether the curatorial/design concept was accessible to the visitor. This paper presents some ideas and findings from that study.
Rethinking the Visitor Experience: Transforming Obstacle into Purpose
Authors: HENNES TOM 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe purposes of museums and those of their visitors often have little in common—despite the growing body of knowledge about museum learning and visitors' motivations. Based on concepts of experiential learning envisioned a century ago by the American educator and philosopher John Dewey, this paper explores bringing those purposes into closer alignment. A re‐evaluation of several factors—including criteria of experience, content organization, and the nature of inquiry—could lead to exhibitions more closely aligned with visitors' processes of self‐motivated activity and museums' goals for informal learning. One way is to shape exhibits and activity around problematical situations developed out of the exhibit experience itself and shaped by visitors' own purposes. By shifting focus from knowledge taxonomies to problem‐solving situations, museums could increase their exhibitions' potential for providing engaging educational experiences to visitors.
Educating Zoo Visitors about Complex Environmental Issues: Should We Do It and How?
Authors: STOINSKI T. S. , ALLEN M. T. , BLOOMSMITH M. A. , FORTHMAN D. L. , MAPLE T. L. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTModern zoos are committed to environmental education and thus have a mandate to inform the public about biodiversity and conservation. Historically, zoos have avoided complex topics like biodiversity loss from overpopulation and overconsumption in their educational materials, for fear of being offensive or creating a sense of hopelessness. To measure visitor attitudes towards educating about such topics and to help determine effective presentation techniques, we assessed people's knowledge of and attitudes towards the commercial hunting and consumption of wildlife in West and Central Africa (the bushmeat crisis) and examined how the use of different types of images affected these variables. Zoo visitors were exposed to one of six series of photographs, each accompanied by the same text. Photos in three of the series contained explicit, disturbing images of dead animals. The other three series presented benign images related to the bushmeat crisis (i.e., logging, changes in hunting practices). While 83 percnt of visitors had never heard of the bushmeat trade, 98 percent felt zoos should be educating about the topic. Ninety‐seven percent felt the disturbing images were appropriate for zoo visitors except for children under the age of 12. While people spent significantly more time looking at the disturbing images, this did not lead to increases in knowledge (factual or conservation‐related) on the topic. However, visitors who saw the disturbing images were significantly more likely to report being influenced by the images. While the type of image did not affect the frequency of conservation‐related behaviors, significantly more people engaged in a conservation‐related behavior when an opportunity was provided on‐site rather than off‐site. The results demonstrate that the public believes zoos should educate about bushmeat, and that realistic images influence people's perception of an issue. However, visitors' lack of knowledge gains, even when disturbing images are used, suggests that a static display of text with photographs may not be the most effective method for educating about complex issues like bushmeat. Finally, the results show that zoos should provide on‐site opportunities for people to turn their conservation interests into action.
A comparison of self-report and direct observation of booster seat use in Latino families
Authors: Quistberg D Alex , Lozano Paula , Mack Christopher D , Schwartz Rachel , Ebel Beth E 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveTo develop a reliable self-report tool for measuring child booster seat use among Latino families.DesignCross-sectional and observational survey of a convenience sample.SettingFive retail stores in King County, Washington.Participants50 parents of children 4–8 years old that self-identified as Latino or Hispanic.Main exposuresParent-reported measures of how often the child uses a booster seat, if the child used a booster seat on the last trip, how often the child complains about using a booster seat, how often the child asks to not use a booster seat, and how often other families they know use a booster seat.Outcome measureObserved booster seat use by child.Results26 children (52%) were observed using a booster seat. Parent-reported booster seat use was a poor predictor of observed booster seat use. Although 34 parents reported that their child ‘always’ uses a booster seat, 8 (24%) of these children were not using a booster seat. A logistic model to predict booster seat use had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 71%, and misclassified 24% of the participants' observed use.ConclusionsReliance on parent-reported booster seat use significantly overstated observed booster seat use in the study. Among this study population, accurate determination of booster seat use required direct observation.
PERTURBATION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE MULTI-ANTICIPATIVE INTELLIGENT DRIVER MODEL
Authors: CHEN XI-QUN , XIE WEI-JUN , SHI JING , SHI QI-XIN 
Published: May 2010

This paper discusses three kinds of IDM car-following models that consider both the multi-anticipative behaviors and the reaction delays of drivers. Here, the multi-anticipation comes from two ways: (1) the driver is capable of evaluating the dynamics of several preceding vehicles, and (2) the autonomous vehicles can obtain the velocity and distance information of several preceding vehicles via inter-vehicle communications. In this paper, we study the stability of homogeneous traffic flow. The linear stability analysis indicates that the stable region will generally be enlarged by the multi-anticipative behaviors and reduced by the reaction delays. The temporal amplification and the spatial divergence of velocities for local perturbation are also studied, where the results further prove this conclusion. Simulation results also show that the multi-anticipative behaviors near the bottleneck will lead to a quicker backwards propagation of oscillations.
Mechanism of Radiosensitization by the Chk1/2 Inhibitor AZD7762 Involves Abrogation of the G2 Checkpoint and Inhibition of Homologous Recombinational DNA Repair
Authors: Morgan Meredith A. , Parsels Leslie A. , Zhao Lili , Parsels Joshua D. , Davis Mary A. , Hassan Maria C. , Arumugarajah Sankari , Hylander-Gans Linda , Morosini Deborah , Simeone Diane M. , Canman Christine E. , Normolle Daniel P. , Zabludoff Sonya D. , Maybaum Jonathan , Lawrence Theodore S. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The median survival for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine and radiation is approximately 1 year. To develop improved treatment, we have combined a Chk1/2-targeted agent, AZD7762, currently in phase I clinical trials, with gemcitabine and ionizing radiation in preclinical pancreatic tumor models. We found that in vitro AZD7762 alone or in combination with gemcitabine significantly sensitized MiaPaCa-2 cells to radiation. AZD7762 inhibited Chk1 autophosphorylation (S296 Chk1), stabilized Cdc25A, and increased ATR/ATM–mediated Chk1 phosphorylation (S345 Chk1). Radiosensitization by AZD7762 was associated with abrogation of the G2 checkpoint as well as with inhibition of Rad51 focus formation, inhibition of homologous recombination repair, and persistent γ-H2AX expression. AZD7762 was also a radiation sensitizer in multiple tumor xenograft models. In both MiaPaCa-2- and patient-derived xenografts, AZD7762 significantly prolonged the median time required for tumor volume doubling in response to gemcitabine and radiation. Together, our findings suggest that G2 checkpoint abrogation and homologous recombination repair inhibition both contribute to sensitization by Chk1 inhibition. Furthermore, they support the clinical use of AZD7762 in combination with gemcitabine and radiation for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res; 70(12); 4972–81. ©2010 AACR.
The Absence of Pericytes Does Not Increase the Sensitivity of Tumor Vasculature to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Blockade
Authors: Nisancioglu Maya H. , Betsholtz Christer , Genové Guillem 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Recent progress with therapies targeting endothelial cells has drawn attention also to the pericytes as potential target cells for antiangiogenic therapy. Published data suggest that pericytes might confer resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) withdrawal in tumors. This hypothesis has been supported by experiments using tumors with reversible transgenic expression of VEGF-A as well as by individual pharmacologically targeting VEGF and platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling in endothelial cells and pericytes using receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors with different specificities. However, the RTK inhibitors applied thus far are not entirely specific to the mentioned pathways, and therefore, the effects putatively attributed to pericyte targeting might reflect other antitumor effects. Here, we have reinvestigated the putative benefits of doubly targeting endothelial cells and pericytes in the treatment of experimental tumors. For this purpose, we used two highly specific tools, the pericyte-deficient pdgfbret/ret mouse and the recently developed specific anti–VEGF-A antibody G6-31, which neutralizes both murine and human VEGF-A. We generated B16, Lewis lung carcinoma, and T241 subcutaneous tumors in both pdgfbret/ret and control mice and treated these mice with G6-31. Our results fail to show any improved effect of VEGF inhibition, as measured by tumor growth or decrease in vascular density, in pericyte-deficient tumors compared with controls. Our observations suggest that additional targeting of pericytes does not increase the antitumor effect already generated by anti-VEGF drugs. Cancer Res; 70(12); 5109–15. ©2010 AACR.