bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implantable loop recorders: a viable diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine
Authors: James R. , Summerfield N. , Loureiro J. , Swift S. , Dukes‐McEwan J. 
Published: September 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether implantable loop recorders could be used in the diagnosis of unexplained collapse in dogs. Methods: The medical records of six dogs presented to the University of Liverpool Small Animal Teaching Hospital between May 2003 and October 2006 for further evaluation of intermittent syncopal episodes, collapse or episodic weakness, were reviewed. All these dogs underwent standard investigations and had implantable loop recorders placed. Results: A provisional diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia was made in one dog, and diagnoses of exclusion of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and idiopathic epilepsy was made in two dogs. One dog suffered no further syncopal episodes, a diagnosis was not reached in another dog and the final dog was lost to follow‐up. Clinical Significance: The implantable loop recorder can be used successfully for the diagnosis of unexplained collapse in dogs.
The Ancillary-Care Responsibilities of Researchers: Reasonable but Not Great Expectations
Authors: Brownsword Roger 
Published: September 2010

It is axiomatic that the first responsibility of researchers, whether they are working in the developed or the developing world, is to (strive to) do no harm to those who participate in their studies or trials. However, on neither side of the Atlantic is there any such settled view with regard to the responsibility of researchers to attend to the ancillary-care needs of their participants – that is, a responsibility to advise or assist participants who have medical condition X in circumstances where the research concerns medical condition Y, and the research did not contribute to the presence of condition X in participants, nor did the having of condition X contribute to the research. Consider, for example, the following hypothetical posed by Leah Belsky and Henry Richardson:Researchers testing a new treatment for tuberculosis in a developing country discover some patients have HIV infection. Do they have a responsibility to provide antiretroviral drugs?
Recent Case Developments in Health Law
Authors: Clark Stacy 
Published: September 2010

In September 2009, the First Circuit Court of Appeals decidedBlue Cross & Blue Shield v. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP,part of the class action suit known asIn re Pharmaceutical Industry Average Wholesale Price Litigation. The First Circuit upheld a Massachusetts District Court finding that AstraZeneca violated Massachusetts’ consumer protection laws by manipulating the “average wholesale price” of its physician-administered injectable cancer drug Zoladex, leading to overpayment by the government, third-party payers, and consumers. This case, which highlights the persistent tension between pharmaceutical pricing flexibility and consumer protection, has important implications for similar pending class actions.Between 1991 and 2003, Medicare, as well as many private insurance companies, pegged reimbursement for certain pharmaceutical products to a national “average wholesale price” (AWP) for each drug. Although the amended 1991 Medicare Part B regulations3 that introduced the term “average wholesale price” failed to define it explicitly, there is some indication in the legislative history that AWP was intended to refer to the prices that physicians and pharmacists actually pay to the drug manufacturers.
MARICULTURE IN ESTUARINE OIL‐PIPELINE CANALS IN LOUISIANA1
Authors: Harris Alva H. , Kilgen Ronald H. , Kraemer Danny 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA study was initiated to determine the suitability of utilizing some of the thousands of hectares of estuarine oil‐pipeline canals in Louisiana for mariculture purposes. Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), pompano (Trachinotus carolinus), and white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) were selected as test animals. Preliminary catfish culture results are reported here. Channel catfish stocked in a 2.55 ha brackish‐water oil‐field pipeline canal averaged 323 g after 6 months. Growth rates, water quality, and pathogenic organisms remained within acceptable parameters. Predation, overbank flooding, and harvesting were the most obvious problems, and are addressed separately.
Physical Performance of Biodegradable Films Intended for Antimicrobial Food Packaging
Authors: Marcos Begonya , Aymerich Teresa , Monfort Josep M. , Garriga Margarita 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Antimicrobial films were prepared by including enterocins to alginate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), and zein films. The physical performance of the films was assessed by measuring color, microstructure (SEM), water vapor permeability (WVP), and tensile properties. All studied biopolymers showed poor WVP and limited tensile properties. PVOH showed the best performance exhibiting the lowest WVP values, higher tensile properties, and flexibility among studied biopolymers. SEM of antimicrobial films showed increased presence of voids and pores as a consequence of enterocin addition. However, changes in microstructure did not disturb WVP of films. Moreover, enterocin‐containing films showed slight improvement compared to control films. Addition of enterocins to PVOH films had a plasticizing effect, by reducing its tensile strength and increasing the strain at break. The presence of enterocins had an important effect on tensile properties of zein films by significantly reducing its brittleness. Addition of enterocins, thus, proved not to disturb the physical performance of studied biopolymers. Development of new antimicrobial biodegradable packaging materials may contribute to improving food safety while reducing environmental impact derived from packaging waste. Practical Application: Development of new antimicrobial biodegradable packaging materials may contribute to improving food safety while reducing environmental impact derived from packaging waste.
Concentration and prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella serotypes in sheep during slaughter at two Australian abattoirs
Authors: Duffy LL , Small A , Fegan N 
Published: September 2010

Objective  This study aimed to determine the presence and concentration of Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella spp. on fleece, faeces and carcases of sheep during slaughter.Procedure  Faeces, fleece and pre‐chill carcase samples were collected from 164 sheep slaughtered at two Australian abattoirs. The presence of E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp. were determined by use of automated immunomagnetic separation (AIMS) with enumeration by use of the ‘most probable number’ (MPN) method.Results  Escherichia coli O157 was isolated from 5% of faeces, 3% of fleeces and 0.6% of pre‐chill carcases. The mean log10 count of E. coli O157 positive faecal samples was 2.32 MPN/g, but counts on fleeces and carcases were below the countable limit (−1 log10 MPN/cm2). Salmonella spp. were isolated from 20% of faeces, 13% of fleeces and 1.3% of pre‐chill carcases. The mean log10 count of Salmonella spp. in faeces was 1.43 MPN/g and on fleece was −0.24 MPN/cm2, but counts on carcases were below the countable limit (−1 log10 MPN/cm2).Conclusion  The prevalence and concentration of pathogens were low in the sheep tested in this study, indicating a low risk of human infection from products derived from these animals.
Assessing sources of parametric uncertainty and uncertainty propagation in sediment runoff simulations of flooding
Authors:   Apip, Sayama T. , Tachikawa Y. , Takara K. , Yamashiki Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a framework for assessing the contribution of different sources of parametric uncertainty in sediment runoff simulations. The proposed uncertainty assessment is comprised in the three procedures. First, global parametric sensitivity and uncertainty analysis based on a Monte Carlo Simulation technique was applied to identify the dominant uncertainty sources. The analysis revealed a few parameters significantly affecting the model behaviours. Second, the propagation of parametric uncertainties through sediment runoff simulations was investigated, which identified that sediment simulations tend to involve more uncertainty than only streamflow simulations. Third, by conducting scenario simulations considering different uncertainty sources, it explores a strategy for reducing the parametric uncertainty considering its propagation effect. The proposed framework can provide useful information for improving sediment runoff modelling and its application to river basin management recognizing predictive uncertainty.
PCR‐RFLP assays to distinguish the Western and Eastern phylogroups in wild and cultured tench Tinca tinca
Authors: LAJBNER Z. , KOTLÍK P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe tench Tinca tinca is a valued table fish native to Europe and Asia, but which is now widely distributed in many temperate freshwater regions of the world as the result of human‐mediated translocations. Fish are currently being transplanted between watersheds without concern for genetic similarity to wild populations or local adaptation, and efficient phylogeographic markers are therefore urgently needed to rapidly distinguish genetically distinct geographical populations and to assess their contribution to the hatchery breeds and to the stocked wild populations. Here, we present a new method to distinguish recently discovered and morphologically undistinguishable Western and Eastern phylogroups of the tench. The method relies on PCR‐RFLP assays of two independent nuclear‐encoded exon‐primed intron‐crossing (EPIC) markers and of one mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) marker and allows the rapid identification of the Western and Eastern phylogroup and also of three geographical mtDNA clades within the Eastern phylogroup. Our method will enable researchers and fishery practitioners to rapidly distinguish genetically divergent geographical populations of the tench and will be useful for monitoring the introduction and human‐mediated spread of the phylogroups in wild populations, for characterization of cultured strains and in breeding experiments.
The Role of Franchisee Associations
Authors: Knight Russell M. 
Published: September 2010

This study compares the responses of 148 franchisors and 10 5 franchisees operating in Canada today to questions about franchisee associations. The issues discussed ranged from desirable characteristics of such associations to problem areas in the operation of franchises addressed by these organizations.RésuméCette étude compare les réponses de 148 franchiseurs et 105 franchisés exploi‐tant actuellement des entreprises au Canada à des questions relatives aux associations de franchisés. Les questions discutées vont des caractéristiques souhaitables de ces associations aux divers problèmes des franchises discutés au sein de ces associations.
A Multiperiod Breakeven Analysis
Authors: Moore Giora 
Published: September 2010

This paper presents a breakeven analysis in a multi‐periodframework. The purpose of the model construction offered here is to modify the traditional one‐period breakeven analysis and to broaden the scope of its application in management decision making. The main findings are that an increase in the corporate tax rate, the cost of capital or the annual inflation rate will require a higher annual breakeven output An increase in the capital cost allowance rate or in the time period of using the asset will require a lower annual breakeven output. The model presents a theoretical integration of breakeven analysis and capital budgeting. The applications of the multiperiod breakeven analysis are illustrated in numerical examples, in accordance with the tax laws in Canada.RésuméCette étude présente une analyse du point mort effectuée dans un cadre à périodes multiples. Le but de ce modelè est de modifier l'analyse traditionnelle du point mort à période unique et d'élargir l'étendue de son application dans la prise de décision. Les principaux résultats de cette étude indiquent qu'une augmentation du taux d'imposition des sociétés, du cou&#x030c;t du capital ou du taux annuel d'inflation exigera un point mort annuel plus élevé. Une augmentation du taux de l'allocation du cou&#x030c;t en capital ou dans la période d'utilisation d'un élément d'actif exigera un point mort annuel moins éleve. Le modèle présente une intégration théorique de l'analyse du oint mort quant aux dépenses en capital. Les applications d'une analyse du point mort à périodes multiples sont illustrés à l'aide d'exemples numériques, conformément aux lois fiscales du Canada.
La gestion du changement technologique: organisationnelle?
Authors: Alsène Éric , Denis Hélène 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMore and more managers recognize today that the introduction of new operation technologies into the enterprise needs to be managed not only from a technical standpoint but also from an organizational one. Therefore this study aims at establishing whether, and to which extent, the management of technological changes in three firms located in Quebec (an industrial enterprise in process production, an industrial enterprise in assembly production, and a service enterprise) has actually taken the organization design into account. The new operation technologies concerned are: a computer process control system, some automatic assembly machines, a manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) system, and some automatic service equipments.RésuméDe plus en plus de managers reconnaissent aujourd'hui que l'introduction de nouvelles technologies d'opération au sein de l'entreprise nécessite une gestion non seulement technique, mais également organisationnelle. La recherche tente en conséquence d'établir si, et dans quelle mesure, la prise en compte de l'organisation a effectivement été une pratique de gestion du changement technologique dans trois entreprises localisées au Québec (une entreprise industrielle de process, une entreprise industrielle d'assemblage, une entreprise de services), ces entreprises s'étant dotées récemment de nouvelles technologies d'opération (système informatisé de contrôle de procédé, machines automatiques d'assemblage, système MRP II de planification et de contrôle de la production, appareils automatiques de service).
Linfluence du pays d'origine sur l‘évaluation de produits suscitant différents niveaux d'implication: Une approche multi‐attributs
Authors: Ahmed Sadrudin A. , D'Astous Alain 
Published: September 2010

RésuméDans un contexte de concurrence globale, les firmes de pays industrialisés ont des choix difficiles à faire quant au lieu de fabrication de leurs produits, aux noms de marque à utiliser, aux prix et aux programmes de garantie de satisfaction à offrir à leurs clients. Cette étude examine l'appréciation que des consommateurs font de profils d'analyse conjointe pour trois catégories de produits: automobiles, magnétoscopes et T‐shirts. Les profils diffèrent au niveau du pays d'origine (Canada, un second pays industrialisé prestigieux et un pays de mauvaise réputation), des noms de marque, des prix et des programmes de garantie de satisfaction. On a interrogé 179 consommateurs Canadiens de langue française, sélectionnés de façon probabiliste. Les résultats indiquent que l'effet du prix sur la valeur perçue d'un achat n'est pas très important. Le nom de marque est l'indice le plus important pour les automobiles, la garantie pour les magnétoscopes et le lieu de fabrication pour les T‐shirts. Il semble que la valeur informative du pays d'origine varie selon le niveau d'implication de la catégorie de produit et la présence d'autres indices d'information. Des implications managériales concernant des aspects de marketing international sont tirées des résultats de l'étude et discutées.AbstractIn a time of increasing global competition, firms from industrialized countries are faced with difficult choices concerning where they should locate their manufacturing facilities, what brand names to use, what price to charge, and what level of satisfaction guarantee to provide their customers. This study examines consumer evaluations of conjoint profiles of automobiles, VCRs and T‐shirts, manufactured in Canada (home country), a second prestigious country, and a low prestige third country, with three different brand name, price, and satisfaction guarantee levels. The results, based on a probabilistic sample of 179 male, French‐speaking individuals, indicate that the effect of price on perceptions of purchase value is generally not very important. Brand name is the most important informational cue for automobiles, product warranty for VCRs, and country of origin for T‐shirts. It seems that the informational value of country of origin varies across product classes that differ in involvement level and with the availability of other extrinsic cues to consumers. Managerial implications for multi‐cue marketing strategy are drawn from the results of the study.
Les PME peuvent‐elles manifester une certaine logique stratégique? L'utilisation d'une approche pour l'identifier
Authors: D'Amboise Gérald , Fortin Christiane , Gamier Bernard 
Published: September 2010

RésuméCet article propose une façon de classifier les tactiques ou stratégies de concurrence des PME et d'identifier la logique stratégique sous‐jacente aux activités quotidiennes de ces entreprises. La grille s'inspire du modèle de Porter; elle est toutefois élargie pour mieux correspondre aux activités concrètes des petites et moyennes entreprises. La grille est appliquée aux données recueillies auprès d'un échantillon de 60 PME manufacturières québécoises; elle permet de distinguer les firmes qui suivent l'une ou l'autre des logiques possibles. Les résultats aident à mieux comprendre les aspects théoriques et pratiques du débat sur les possibilités de donner une orientation stratégique aux entreprises de taille réduite.AbstractThis article classifies the tactics or strategies of small and medium‐sized businesses, using an extension of the Porter model. It allows consideration of more detailed competitive activities which can be found in the specific management of SMEs. It was used to analyze the data gathered from 60 firms engaged in manufacturing operations in the province of Québec. Everyday activities were assigned to their underlying generic strategy. The discussion of the results clarifies the issues at stake in the traditional debate over the possibility of strategically conducting lesser size enterprises.
PEG-mediated Facile Protocol for N-Boc Protection of Amines
Authors: Siddaiah V , Basha G M , Rao G Padma , Prasad U Viplava , Rao R Suryachendra 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We have reported an efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the protection of various structurally and electronically divergent aryl and aliphatic amines using (Boc)2O in the presence of PEG-400 at room temperature. The reaction gave excellent yields with low as well as high molecular weight PEGs.
Fixation Time Does Not Affect Expression of HER2/neu
Authors: Ibarra Julio A. , Rogers Lowell W. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
It is said that HER2/neu expression by immunohistochemical analysis varies with the time of fixation. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the impact of the length of fixation in 10% buffered formalin on the expression of HER2/neu by immunohistochemical analysis.
We studied tissue samples from 10 invasive breast cancer cases after fixation for 3, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. The tissue was processed immediately after fixation, resembling routine practice. The 50 resulting blocks were then batch stained with PATHWAY HER2/neu clone 4B5 rabbit monoclonal antibody using the Ventana Ultraview DAB detection kit in a Ventana BenchMark XT processor (Ventana, Tucson, AZ). The stained slides were reviewed and scored.
We found no significant difference in the intensity of the stain or the percentage of cells stained regardless of the time in fixation. Fixation times between 3 and 120 hours in 10% buffered formalin do not appear to have an impact on the expression of HER2/neu by immunohistochemical analysis.
Expression of UTF1 in Primary and Metastatic Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Jianping , Allan Robert W. , Guo Charles C. , Peng Yan , Cao Dengfeng 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We immunohistochemically evaluated UTF1 in 104 primary and 68 metastatic testicular germ cell tumors and 339 non–germ cell tumors. The percentage of tumor cells stained was semiquantitatively scored (0, no tumor cell staining; 1+, ≤30% of cells; 2+, 31%–60% of cells; 3+, 61%–90% of cells; 4+, &gt;90% of cells). Staining intensity (nuclear) was scored as weak, moderate, or strong. UTF1 staining was seen in all 56 intratubular germ cell neoplasias, unclassified type (2+, 1; 3+, 2; 4+, 53; weak, 4; moderate, 49; strong, 3), all 72 seminomas (1+, 2; 2+, 4; 3+, 8; 4+, 58; weak, 10; moderate, 33; strong, 29), and 59 embryonal carcinomas (3+, 2; 4+, 57; moderate, 1; strong, 58). Weak UTF1 staining was seen in 15 of 37 yolk sac tumors (1+, 10; 2+, 2; 3+, 2; 4+, 1). All 34 teratomas, 9 choriocarcinomas, and 6 spermatocytic seminomas were negative for UTF1 staining. Among the 339 non–germ cell tumors, only 18 showed weak UTF1 staining (1+ to 4+). Normal prepubertal and postpubertal spermatogonia showed weak to strong UTF1 staining. UTF1 was differentially expressed in testicular germ cell tumors. Strong UTF1 staining can be used for diagnosing embryonal carcinoma and seminoma. UTF1 expression in spermatogonia suggests its possible role in spermatogenesis and renewal of spermatogonia.
Laboratory Accreditation in Thailand
Authors: Wattanasri Naiyana , Manoroma Wannika , Viriyayudhagorn Somchai 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Improvement of quality standards for health care service delivery has been a commitment of the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand for more than 2 decades; however, laboratory quality systems in Thailand did not become a focus until 10 years ago. International accreditation can increase recognition of laboratory quality, but it is difficult to reach for many laboratories, especially those in remote areas. This article describes Thailand’s experience in developing a national laboratory standard and establishing a national laboratory accreditation program to guarantee the quality of laboratory services. The Thai laboratory standard derived from multiple international standards, retaining the most important elements yet making the standard applicable to Thailand. The national accreditation program was established as a local alternative for improvement of laboratory quality. The program is affordable, feasible, scalable, sustainable, and effective.