bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conquering the Castle
Authors: Eren Erdem , Başoğlu M. Sinan , Gürcan Bingölballı Aslıhan , Aslan Hale , Kiray Amaç , Özbay Can , Öztürkcan Sedat , Katılmış Hüseyin 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo describe 2 subapproaches of the middle fossa approach: the transillumination method and transection of lines using the foramen spinosum, greater superficial petrosal nerve, and trigeminal impression to locate the malleus head for safe identification and decompression of the geniculate ganglion and facial nerve.Study DesignCadaver study.SettingA tertiary university hospital anatomy laboratory.Subjects and MethodsThe present study was conducted using 7 formalin‐fixed cadaver heads (14 sides). A 0° endoscope was introduced into the external ear canal toward the posterosuperior quadrant of the tympanic membrane, after which transillumination was used to locate the malleus head. The brightest point indicated the convergence of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and a line drawn along the superior semicircular canal. An additional line was drawn parallel to the petrous ridge from the foramen spinosum and along the pathway of the greater superficial petrosal nerve. A third line connected the trigeminal impression to the zygomatic root. The area posterior to the intersection of these 2 lines separately with the third line was considered the zone of location of the malleus head. Among 17 patients undergoing surgery for facial paralysis between 1993 and 2011, transillumination was used in 6 patients to identify the malleus head to locate the geniculate ganglion.ResultsThese techniques were proven to be reliable in locating the malleus head to find the geniculate ganglion in 14 dissected cadaveric temporal bones.ConclusionTwo methods of locating the malleus head for facial decompression were defined.
The Use of Vestibular Test Battery to Identify the Stages of Delayed Endolymphatic Hydrops
Authors: Lin Mei‐Chun , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivePatients with delayed endolymphatic hydrops (DEH) underwent a vestibular test battery to evaluate the residual function, assess their clinical stage, and predict outcome.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingUniversity hospital.Subjects and MethodsTwenty patients with DEH, 15 with ipsilateral type and 5 with contralateral type, were enrolled. All patients underwent audiometry and caloric, ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and cervical VEMP (cVEMP) tests. The DEH staging was based on vestibular test results. Stage 0 indicates that all 3 vestibular tests are normal, while stages I through III indicate abnormal results in tests 1 through 3, respectively.ResultsOf the 20 DEH patients, 2 patients were stage 0, 12 patients were stage I, 4 patients were stage II, and 2 patients were stage III. The median frequency of vertigo in patients with stages II and III was 4 episodes monthly, significantly less than 15 episodes monthly in those with stages 0 and I. Ipsilateral and contralateral types did not differ significantly in the stage distribution. The percentages of abnormal cVEMP, oVEMP, and caloric test results for patients with ipsilateral type were 80%, 33%, and 13%, not significantly different from those for contralateral type.ConclusionsAs a vertiginous attack may subside spontaneously for patients with long‐term DEH, one must identify its clinical stage based on cVEMP, oVEMP, and caloric test results. In early stage DEH, most vestibular function remained relatively intact, leading to repeated vertiginous attacks. Conversely, subsidence of vertiginous episode can be anticipated in patients with late stage DEH.
Hypopharyngeal Surgery in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Kezirian Eric J. , Hussey Heather M. , Brietzke Scott E. , Cohen Seth M. , Davis Greg E. , Shin Jennifer J. , Weinberger Debra G. , Cabana Michael D. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo characterize factors that surgeons perceive as affecting selection of procedures designed to treat hypopharyngeal obstruction in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to compare those factors among 2 groups of American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) member surgeons.Study DesignCross‐sectional online survey.Subjects and MethodsAAO‐HNS members with a self‐identified subspecialty interest either in sleep medicine or general otolaryngology were asked to complete an online survey, each respondent rated (5‐point Likert scale) the perceived quality of their education and training and the role of specific factors in selection, both for procedure categories (eg, all hypopharyngeal) and individual procedures. Responses were examined for the entire group and for subgroups.ResultsResponse rate was 27% (163/610). Sixty‐five percent of respondents rated their surgical OSA education and training during postgraduate continuing medical education (CME) courses as of high quality, compared with 39% for residency/fellowship and 4% for medical school (P < 0.01). For individual hypopharyngeal procedures, over 40% of respondents reported limited training (except for tongue radiofrequency), and over 30% raised concerns about scientific evidence and reimbursement. Surgeon personal experience suggested treatment benefits without clearly favoring individual procedures. Respondents noted that patients were reluctant to undergo procedures, despite treatment recommendations, particularly maxillomandibular advancement. The sleep medicine subgroup reported higher ratings for education and training quality, research evidence, and personal experience with hypopharyngeal procedures. Concerns about adequate education and training, the quality of research evidence, and reimbursement issues were major factors in procedure selection.ConclusionMultiple factors affect procedure selection. Surgeons identify concerns regarding education and training and research evidence.
Energy conservation for fatigue management in multiple sclerosis: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: García Jalón E Guiomar , Lennon Sheila , Peoples Louise , Murphy Sam , Lowe-Strong Andrea 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To develop and test the feasibility of an energy conservation programme to manage fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Design: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting: Community setting. Subjects: People with multiple sclerosis reporting fatigue. Interventions: An energy conservation programme was compared to a peer support group. Both interventions were delivered in group format with 2-hour sessions once a week for five weeks. Patients’ views about the interventions were sought in discussion groups one week post intervention. Main measures: The primary feasibility outcomes were recruitment and adherence. Other outcome measures were the Fatigue Impact Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, MS-Impact Scale-29, MS Self-efficacy Scale, Beck’s Depression Scale-Fast Screen and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Outcomes were administered at baseline, post intervention, 6-week and 3-month follow-up. Results: Almost 30% of the people approached to take part in the study did not commit to participation because of transport/time issues. Twenty-three patients took part in the study. Three patients dropped out, one reporting adverse effects. A power calculation indicated that a sample of 56 (28 per group) would be required for a main randomized controlled trial. Patients valued peer support and those in the energy conservation group described the programme as useful, but reported difficulties completing some practice activities. Conclusion: An energy conservation programme in the community is feasible and welcomed by people with multiple sclerosis. However, future research needs to consider longer follow-ups and practical issues to improve recruitment rate by accommodating to patients’ needs.
Introducing Solid Foods
Authors: Coit Julia , Grossman Xena , Buczek Magdalena , Feldman-Winter Lori , Merewood Anne 
Published: July 2012

Background: Introducing solids foods to infants before 6 months has been associated with adverse long-term health outcomes. Studies and surveys frequently use maternal report to identify the age when infants start solid foods. Objective: To address the accuracy of maternal report at 1 year postpartum regarding introduction of solid foods. Methods: Between 2008 and 2009, the authors enrolled mothers of healthy term singletons at an urban Boston hospital within 72 hours of giving birth. We called mothers monthly for 6 months and asked if they had given their baby solid foods in the previous month. At 1 year, we contacted mothers again and asked when they first gave solid foods; answers at 1 year were compared with the data collected monthly. Results: The authors analyzed data on 157 women, all of whom had, according to monthly responses, started solid foods before 6 months. At 1 year, only 14% (22/157) of reports matched data recorded monthly. Although 100% of women introduced solids before 6 months, at 1 year, 41.4% reported starting solids at 6 months. Conclusions: Among women who started feeding solids before 6 months, most did not give an accurate response at 1 year. Most said they started giving solids later than they did. Maternal report may not be the best way to collect such data, and health outcomes based on such data may be biased toward the null.
Future Neurohospitalist
Authors: Freeman William David , Barrett Kevin M. , Vatz Kenneth A. , Demaerschalk Bart M. 
Published: July 2012

Despite the growing demand for emergency neurological evaluations and neurohospitalists, the supply of neurologists remains relatively fixed over time. Telemedicine is a unique tool that has the ability to put a medical specialist like a neurologist in 2 places in a relatively short period of time, expanding expertise in many rural and in some underserved urban facilities that would ordinarily be devoid of such expertise. Teleneurology is a branch of telemedicine that consults and practices through remote neurological evaluation. Telestroke is defined as remote stroke evaluation. The demand for timely neurological evaluation, especially acute stroke evaluation and treatment with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA), continues to fuel the growth of neurohospitalists, telestroke, and teleneurology services. Remote, rural, or underserved urban emergency departments and hospitals which are unable to successfully recruit a neurologist or neurohospitalist to provide this service are uniquely suited to a teleneurology option. The number of private practices and academic centers providing telestroke services has grown significantly in the past decade with continued growth expected. We describe the benefits and drawbacks of teleneurology/telestroke, as well as other practical aspects for the teleneurohospitalist.
Acute Loss of Bladder Control in a Stroke of the Frontal Cortex
Authors: Woessner Heidi , Vibhute Prasanna , Barrett Kevin 
Published: July 2012

Lesions of the medial frontal micturition center can result in the activation of the pontine and spinal micturition centers when the bladder is full, causing urinary incontinence. Recognition of acute bladder incontinence as part of a cortical hemispheric stroke syndrome may reduce the likelihood of false localization to the spinal cord in patients with acute ischemic stroke eligible for acute reperfusion therapy. We describe a case of urinary incontinence due to anterior cerebral artery infarction and discuss the cortical localization of voluntary bladder control to the anterior cingulate gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus.
The crystal chemistry of the uranyl carbonate mineral grimselite, (K, Na)3Na[(UO2)(CO3)3](H2O), from Jáchymov, Czech Republic
Authors: Plášil J. , Fejfarová K. , Skála R. , Škoda R. , Meisser N. , Hlousek J. , Císařová I. , Dušek M. , Veselovský F. , Čejka J. , Sejkora J. , Ondruš P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTwo crystals of the uranyl carbonate mineral grimselite, ideally K3Na[(UO2)(CO3)3](H2O), from Jáchymov in the Czech Republic were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis. One crystal has considerably more Na than the ideal chemical composition due to substitution of Na into KO8 polyhedra; the composition of the other crystal is nearer to ideal, and similar to synthetic grimselite. The presence of Na atoms in KO8 polyhedra, which are located in channels in the crystal structure, reduces their volume, and as a result the unit-cell volume also decreases. Structure refinement shows that the formula for the sample with the anomalously high Na content is (K2.43Na0.57)Σ3.00Na[(UO2)(CO3)3](H2O). The unit-cell parameters, refined in space group P2c, are a = 9.2507(1), c = 8.1788(1) Å, V = 606.14(3) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was refined to R1 = 0.0082 and wR1 = 0.0185 with a GOF = 1.33, based on 626 observed diffraction peaks [Iobs>3σ(I)].
Biogeochemical behaviour of plutonium during anoxic biostimulation of contaminated sediments
Authors: Kimber R. L. , Boothman C. , Purdie P. , Livens F. R. , Lloyd J. R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the biogeochemical behaviour of actinides in the environment is essential for the longterm stewardship of radionuclide contaminated land. Plutonium is of particular concern due its high radiotoxicity, long half-life and complex chemistry, with these factors contributing to the limited literature available on its environmental behaviour. Here, we investigate the biogeochemistry of Pu in contaminated soil as microbial processes have the potential to mobilize Pu through numerous mechanisms including the reduction of Pu(IV) to the potentially more mobile Pu(III). After the addition of glucose to stimulate microbial activities, there was a substantial shift in the 16S rRNA gene profile of the extant microbial communities between days 0 and 44 with an increase in Clostridium species, known glucose fermenters which have been reported to facilitate the reduction of Pu(IV) to Pu(III). A minor increase in Pu mobility was observed at day 44, returning to initial levels by day 118. The negligible change in Pu mobility, despite the onset of reducing conditions and changing mineralogy, would suggest the Pu is highly refractory. This information is important for developing remediation options for Pu-contaminated soils, suggesting that managing legacy Pu in situ may be preferred to mobilization via the stimulation of metal-reducing bacteria.
The mineralogy and crystal chemistry of alkaline pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex, Oslo rift valley, Norway. Part 1. Magmatic and secondary zircon: implications for petrogenesis from trace-element geochemistry
Authors: Piilonen P. C. , McDonald A. M. , Poirier G. , Rowe R. , Larsen A. O. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA detailed electron microprobe (EMP) and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) study of zircon from six types of miaskitic and agpaitic alkaline pegmatite from the Larvik Plutonic Complex, Oslo rift valley, Norway, was undertaken to shed light on the pegmatite petrogenesis. Detailed rare earth element (REE) analyses indicate important differences between the zircon from each type of pegmatite. Primary zircon from miaskitic Stavern-, Tvedalen- and Stålaker-type pegmatites has a mean ΣREE = 704 ppm, is depleted in LREE and has a significant positive Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce* = 44–67) and negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.15–0.18). Secondary Tvedalen-type zircon is REE-enriched (ΣREE = 5035 ppm), with a flatter REE pattern, Ce/Ce* = 0.97 and a Eu anomaly similar to primary Tvedalen-type zircon (Eu/Eu* = 0.21). Secondary zircon from agpaitic Langesundsfjord-type pegmatites display a distinctive flat REE pattern characterized by overall REE enrichment (ΣREE = 967), Ce/Ce* = 1.92, and a minor negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.37). Zircon from agpaitic Bratthagen-type pegmatites occurs as both altered primary and secondary phases and is strongly enriched in REE relative to other zircon (ΣREE = 4178 and 8388, respectively). Primary Bratthagen-type zircon has a similar REE pattern to miaskitic zircon, with a steeper HREE profile and smaller Ce and Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.73; Ce/Ce* = 6.22). Secondary Bratthagen-type zircon is strongly enriched in LREE compared to primary zircon, does not display a positive Ce anomaly and has Eu/Eu* = 0.56. The altered primary and secondary Bratthagen-type zircons have elevated Th/UN ratios, suggesting a different melt source for Bratthagen-type agpaitic pegmatites. Zircon from external pegmatites has trace-element signatures similar to Stavern-, Tvedalen- and Staålaker-type primary zircon with Ce/Ce* = 214 and Nb/Ta and Th/U ratios that are similar to those of secondary Langesundsfjord- and Bratthagen-type zircon. It is suggested that the parental melt of the external pegmatites is the same as the miaskitic pegmatites, but that it has undergone alteration by hydrothermal fluids derived from the host basalt, or by post-magmatic F-rich fluids which mobilize Nb and Th. On the basis of texture, morphology and geochemistry, two populations of zircon can be recognized: (1) primary zircon from miaskitic pegmatites; and (2) secondary zircon from post-magmatic, hydrothermal assemblages. The U–Th–Pb isotope analyses indicate that the secondary and altered zircon are depleted in 238U, and enriched in LREE. Interaction of a post-magmatic hydrothermal fluid with an externally derived meteoric fluid is suggested to have influenced the REE signatures, and in particular the Eu and Ce anomalies of the late-stage zircons.
Diamond and coesite in ultrahigh-pressure–ultrahigh-temperature granulites from Ceuta, Northern Rif, northwest Africa
Authors: Ruiz-Cruz M. D. , de Galdeano C. Sanz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDiamond and coesite occur in granulites of the Internal Zone of the Rif belt in northwest Africa. Diamond, identified by optical microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, Raman spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence and microstructural electron backscattered diffraction, is present as inclusions up to 20 μm across in garnet, K-feldspar, coesite relics and quartz. Thermobarometric estimates yield P >4.3 GPa and T >1100°C, which corresponds to a depth of formation >150 km. The estimates suggest that the diamond-bearing peridotites and adjacent crustal rocks experienced similar P–T conditions. If this is correct, there is an old (undated) core in the Betic–Rif cordillera and the current models of the tectonic evolution of the area, which are based on 'full Alpine' evolution, must be revised. This discovery provides further valuable information about the complex geotectonic environment of the southeast Spain and north Moroccan collisional orogen.
Jakobssonite, CaAlF5, a new mineral from fumaroles at the Eldfell and Hekla volcanoes, Iceland
Authors: Balić-Žunić T. , Garavelli A. , Mitolo D. , Acquafredda P. , Leonardsen E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe new mineral jakobssonite, ideally CaAlF5, was first found in crusts collected in 1988 from a fumarole on the Eldfell volcano, Heimaey Island, Iceland. It was subsequently found in similar crusts collected in 1991 from a fumarole on the Hekla volcano, Iceland. It is associated with leonardsenite (IMA2011-059), ralstonite, heklaite, anhydrite, gypsum, jarosite, hematite, opal and several fluoride minerals that have not been fully characterized. Jakobssonite occurs as soft white fragile crusts of acicular crystals <50 μm long. Its calculated density is 2.89 g cm–3. Chemical analyses by energy-dispersive spectrometry on a scanning electron microscope produced a mean elemental composition as follows: Ca, 18.99; Al, 18.55; Mg, 1.33; Na, 0.33; F, 50.20; O, 10.39; total 99.79 wt.%. The empirical chemical formula, calculated on the basis of 7 atoms per formula unit with all of the oxygen as OH, is (Ca0.73Mg0.09Na0.02)Σ0.84Al1.06F4.09(OH)1.01. Jakobssonite is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 8.601(1), b = 6.2903(6), c = 7.2190(7) Å, β = 114.61(1)o, V = 355.09(8) Å3and Z = 4. The crystal structure contains chains of [AlF6] octahedra which run parallel to the c axis. These chains are interconnected by chains of [CaF7] pentagonal bipyramids. Jakobssonite is isostructural with several other CaMIIIF5 compounds. The eight strongest lines in the powder diffraction diagram [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are as follows: 4.91 (18) (110), 3.92 (76) (200), 3.15 (68) (020), 3.13 (100) (1), 2.27 (22) (2), 1.957 (21) (400), 1.814 (20) (1), 1.805 (22) (20). The chemical and crystal-structure analyses of jakobssonite are similar to synthetic CaAlF5 with minor substitutions of light elements (e.g. Na) or vacancies for Ca, and OH for F.
Ectopic ATP synthase facilitates transfer of HIV-1 from antigen-presenting cells to CD4+ target cells
Authors: Yavlovich Amichai , Viard Mathias , Zhou Ming , Veenstra Timothy D. , Wang Ji Ming , Gong Wanghua , Heldman Eliahu , Blumenthal Robert , Raviv Yossef 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) act as vehicles that transfer HIV to their target CD4+ cells through an intercellular junction, termed the virologic synapse. The molecules that are involved in this process remain largely unidentified. In this study, we used photoaffinity labeling and a proteomic approach to identify new proteins that facilitate HIV-1 transfer. We identified ectopic mitochondrial ATP synthase as a factor that mediates HIV-1 transfer between APCs and CD4+ target cells. Monoclonal antibodies against the β-subunit of ATP synthase inhibited APC-mediated transfer of multiple strains HIV-1 to CD4+ target cells. Likewise, the specific inhibitors of ATPase, citreoviridin and IF1, completely blocked APC-mediated transfer of HIV-1 at the APC-target cell interaction step. Confocal fluorescent microscopy showed localization of extracellular ATP synthase at junctions between APC and CD4+ target cells. We conclude that ectopic ATP synthase could be an accessible molecular target for inhibiting HIV-1 proliferation in vivo.