bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nonlinear trend of runoff and its response to climate change in the Aksu River, western China
Authors: Xu Jianhua , Chen Yaning , Lu Feng , Li Weihong , Zhang Lijun , Hong Yulian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe nonlinear trend of runoff and its response to climate change in the Aksu River were identified and evaluated using several selected methods, including grey relation analysis, wavelet analysis, and regression analysis. The time series of runoff and related climate variables from two hydrologic stations and four meteorological stations during 1959–2005 for the Aksu River were used to construct and test empirical models. The key findings of this study indicate that although the time series of the runoff, temperature and precipitation present nonlinear trends, the runoff exhibits a linear correlation with the temperature and precipitation. These results reveal that there is a close relationship between variations in the annual runoff of the Aksu River and regional climate change; in other words, the nonlinear trends of the variations in the runoff is the response to that of regional climate change. The details supporting the key findings are as follows: (1) The annual runoff presented nonlinear trends that depend on time scales, which appeared to have resulted from the regional climate changes that occurred during the study period. (2) The periodicity of changes in runoff, temperature, and precipitation are closely correlated, that of annual runoff occurred on 24‐year cycle, whereas annual average temperature and annual precipitation occurred on 23‐ and 25‐year cycles. (3) The annual runoff exhibited a significant, positive correlation with the temperature and precipitation at the 1‐, 2‐, 4‐, and 8‐year temporal scales. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Vibrational spectroscopy of alkaline tungsten oxyfluoride crystals: structure, lattice dynamics, ordering processes, and phase transitions
Authors: Vtyurin A. N. , Gerasimova Ju. V. , Krylov A. S. , Ivanenko A. A. , Shestakov N. P. , Laptash N. M. , Voyt E. I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRaman scattering (RS) and infrared absorption (IR) of ammonium oxyfluoride crystals (NH4)3WO3F3, (NH4)2KWO3F3, and Cs2(NH4)WO3F3are compared. Conformation of the WO3F3 octahedral groups has been established; anomalies have been found close to the transition temperatures in the internal vibrational regions of ammonium and WO3F3 groups. The phase transition in (NH4)3WO3F3 is associated mostly with the ordering of octahedral groups and formation of WO···HN hydrogen bonds. In (NH4)2KWO3F3 crystal, the transition is not related to the ordering processes; Cs2(NH4)WO3F3 retains its disordered structure down to 10 K. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral olfactory sensitivity in rodents after treatment with docetaxel
Authors: Faure Frédéric , Da Silva Stéphanie Veloso , Jakob Ingrid , Pasquis Bruno , Sicard Gilles 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Clinical studies have documented that cytotoxic chemotherapy is often associated with body weight loss and decreased enjoyment of food. Besides taste, olfaction plays a role in food intake. We assessed whether systemic chemotherapeutic cancer treatment compromises olfactory function in rats and mice treated with docetaxel (Taxotere; Sanofi‐Aventis, Paris, France).Study Design:Randomized, controlled trials on mice and rats.Methods:Male mice received a single and male rats either a single, two, or three docetaxel administrations. Olfactory function was tested by means of electroolfactograms (EOGs) from the chemosensory epithelium of the nasal septum and the endoturbinates. We evaluated and compared the magnitude of EOG responses evoked by different odorants recorded at different time points after treatment.Results:In both animal species, docetaxel administration reduced body weight gain, thus evidencing the general toxic effect of the drug. In both animal species, the olfactory mucosa remained responsive to stimulation of odorants during the whole course of experiment, but treatment revealed regional differences of docetaxel susceptibility and induced marked transitory electrophysiological changes. In mice and rats a significant transitory decrease in EOG response magnitude occurred after a single administration. Unexpectedly, in rats we also observed an increase of the olfactory response following the second administration of the drug.Conclusions:Docetaxel exerts a neurotoxic effect on olfactory epithelia of rodents at doses similar to human doses, thus inducing transitory functional alterations. Although moderate, they are consistent with the hypothesis of a dysfunction of olfactory function. Further experiments are needed to elucidate the origin of the electrophysiological effects and their impact on the olfactory perception. Laryngoscope, 2010
Office‐based injection laryngoplasty in the irradiated larynx
Authors: Tirado Yamilet , Lewin Jan S. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Kupferman Michael E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To review the clinical results of office‐based injection laryngoplasty with two different therapeutic materials in patients with vocal fold paralysis and history of radiation therapy to the larynx.Study Design:Retrospective study.Methods:Chart review of 11 patients who underwent office‐based injection laryngoplasty with calcium hydroxylapatite or micronized Alloderm. All patients had a history of radiation therapy to the neck, with the larynx included in the radiation field. Voice analyses, clinical outcomes, and complications were reviewed. Efficacy of the procedure was evaluated by comparing pre‐ and postinjection mean phonation time (MPT) results from voice analysis data.Results:A total of 15 injections were performed in 11 patients with vocal fold paralysis (one females, 10 males, mean age 62 years). Data from voice analyses before and after the procedure were available for nine injections. The MPT was significantly increased among patients undergoing the procedure (P < .05). All procedures were successful, and only one self‐limited complication was reported.Conclusions:Office‐based injection laryngoplasty is a safe procedure with acceptable clinical results in patients with vocal fold paralysis who have a history of radiation therapy to the larynx. Laryngoscope, 2010
Middle ear aneurysm treated with an innovative, vessel‐preserving, aneurysm‐occluding stent
Authors: Fuller Elisa , Marotta Thomas R. , Chen Joseph M. , Willinsky Robert A. , Bharatha Aditya , O'Kelly Cian , Hochman Jordan B. , Howard Peter , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Symons Sean P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMiddle ear aneurysms are rare and difficult to treat. An innovative, parent vessel‐preserving, aneurysm occlusion stent is a treatment alternative. It redirects blood flow away from the aneurysm, resulting in stasis within, and ultimate aneurysm thrombosis. Concurrent coiling is not needed with this stent, eliminating the risk of coils extruding or migrating, or acting as a nidus for infection in the middle ear. We review a successful treatment using this device. Laryngoscope, 2010
Modified vertical dome division technique for rhinoplasty in Asian patients
Authors: Yu Myeong Sang , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Vertical dome division (VDD) is a useful nasal tip surgery technique. However, it is associated with postoperative complications and has never been studied in Asian patients. This study examined results following application of our modified VDD approach in Asian patients requiring nasal tip surgery.Study Design:A retrospective clinical chart review.Methods:We retrospectively studied 37 patients who underwent rhinoplasty using our modified VDD procedure. The indications were thick tip skin and relatively strong and well‐developed lower lateral cartilages. Outcome measurements were made using preoperative and postoperative photographs. Doctors and patients separately indicated satisfaction using a visual analogue scale (from 1 = satisfied, to 4 = dissatisfied).Results:Following surgery, the mean tip projection increment across the population was 15.8%, and the nasofrontal and nasolabial angle increments were 1.4° and 5.5°, respectively. Doctor and patient satisfaction scores were 1.54 ± 0.76 and 1.61 ± 0.81, respectively. Most patients showed prominent tip projection and good cosmetic results. Two patients (5.4%) were dissatisfied, one due to a narrow tip and the other due to nostril asymmetry.Conclusions:The modified VDD was an effective method for nasal tip projection and rotation in selected Asian patients. Laryngoscope, 2010
Effect of nano Al (Scx−1Zrx) precipitates on the mechanical and corrosion behavior of Al‐2.5 Mg alloys
Authors: Ahmad Z. , Aleem B. J. Abdul 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMicroanalytical, mechanical, and corrosion studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of nano‐precipitates of Al(Scx−1Zrx) on the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of Al 2.5 alloy containing 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 wt% of Sc with 0.15 wt% Zr. Addition of 0.3% Sc significantly increased the yield strength due to small precipitates sizes (5–19 nm) and the high coherency of the nano‐particles. Largest contributor to the strength was grain boundary strengthening caused by pinning of grain boundary precipitates. The alloys showed a good resistance to corrosion in 3.5 wt% neutral chloride solution. The alloy offered a high passivation tendency because of homogeneous coherent nano Al(Scx−1Zrx) precipitates. The nano precipitates interfaces and homogeneously distributed Al3Sc precipitates offer a high degree of corrosion resistance to Al 2.5 Mg Sc alloys compared to conventional aluminum alloys, such as Al 6061 and Al6013.
Correlation of content and corrosion protection of volatile corrosion inhibitors in packaging material – regaining trust in VCI
Authors: Eibl S. , Reiner D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo representative types of commercial volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) packaging materials without a potential for health hazards according to TRGS 615 were investigated: a paper containing ethanol amine and a polyethylene foil containing sodium nitrite as main VCI ingredients. For a variation of VCI concentration the packaging material was thermally treated at 60–100 °C and the amount of VCI remaining was determined after this accelerated desorption. Additionally a nitrite‐free polyethylene foil was impregnated with various amounts of sodium nitrite. Correlations of VCI content – of both the amine and nitrite – with corrosion protection of mild steel were observed. For ethanol amine a color change reaction is proposed to indicate the remaining potential of corrosion protection. This work is aimed at regaining trust in VCI technology.
Influence of Carbon Nanofiber Network Variability on the AC Conductivity of Polyetherimide Composite Films
Authors: Li Bin , Zhong Wei‐Hong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA pronounced and distinctive increase in the conductivity of polyetherimide nanocomposite films containing CNF agglomerates is reported. It is demonstrated that a variation of the CNF network can have a dramatic effect on the AC conductivity of PEI composites. The effect is found in composites containing relatively large and strongly entangled CNF agglomerates, and it is suggested that is is due to a new mechanism of electrical conduction. The observed behavior may reveal the distinctive response of electrons in strongly entangled CNF networks in polymer films to an AC field in contrast to a DC field, and could also result in a negative dielectric response.magnified image
A Possible Means to Assist the Processing of PET, PTT and PBT
Authors: Alessi Matteo , Conzatti Lucia , Hodge Philip , Taglialatela Scafati Santolo , Stagnaro Paola 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBlends of PET, PTT and PBT with the corresponding MCOs have lower melt viscosities than the pure polymers. This effect of MCOs on viscosity has the potential for exploitation in polymer fabrication and especially in the processing of composite materials. Thus, the blends can be more easily melt‐processed than the pure polymers, and the MCOs can then subsequently be converted in situ into high‐molar‐mass polymers by ED‐ROPs. No catalyst is needed for the ED‐ROPs. It was shown that suitable polymer/MCO blends can be obtained directly by carrying out cyclo‐depolymerizations at appropriate concentrations. Suitable polymer/MCO blends can also, almost certainly, be obtained by carrying out the original polyester syntheses at lower concentrations than normally used.magnified image
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Polymers: Epoxy/Fluorinated Acrylic Macromonomers
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Carbonaro William , Bongiovanni Roberta , Thomas Richard R. , Kausch Charles M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA fluorinated acrylic resin was synthesized for use as a co‐monomer with a commercially available epoxy resin for UV‐cured interpenetrating polymer network preparation. Hybrid IPN networks were achieved with morphology ranging from a co‐continuous IPN to complete phase separation simply by changing monomer ratios. Highly hydrophobic coatings with good adhesion properties on glass substrates were obtained.magnified image
Induced Crystallization of PLLA in the Presence of 1,3,5‐Benzenetricarboxylamide Derivatives as Nucleators: Preparation of Haze‐Free Crystalline PLLA Materials
Authors: Nakajima Hajime , Takahashi Masahiko , Kimura Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) was investigated in the presence of benzenetricarboxylamide (BTA) derivatives as crystal nucleators. BTA‐cyclohexyl (BTA‐cHe) was the most effective nucleating agent, but induced a complete loss of transparency of the processed material. On the other hand, BTA‐n‐hexyl (BTA‐nHe) enhanced crystallization with little increase in haze. PLLA containing BTA‐cHe enhanced PLLA crystallization in α‐form crystal whereas BTA‐nHe enhanced α′‐form (incomplete α‐form) with forming smaller spherulites. TEM revealed BTA‐nHe had completely dissolved in the PLLA matrix in melt and recrystallized during the thermal annealing process. It was also found that the size of the recrystallized BTA‐nHe was in the nanometer range to effectively nucleate the PLLA crystals.magnified image
Facile Synthesis of Glycopolypeptides by Combination of Ring‐Opening Polymerization of an Alkyne‐Substituted N‐carboxyanhydride and Click “Glycosylation”
Authors: Xiao Chunsheng , Zhao Changwen , He Pan , Tang Zhaohui , Chen Xuesi , Jing Xiabin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSynthetic glycopolypeptides have attracted much interest for application in biomedical field as they are structural mimics to the natural glycopeptides or glycoproteins. However, the synthesis methods toward glycopolypeptides are still few or less efficient. Herein, we present a facile route to preparation of glycopolypeptides with highly effective “glycosylation” by click postpolymerization modification. First, an alkyne‐substituted N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomer was synthesized and subsequently polymerized to afford the polypeptide with “clickable” alkyne pendants. The alkyne‐functionalized polypeptide was then “glycosylated” by click reaction of different sugar azides to the alkyne pendants with high efficiency. All the obtained glycopolypeptides were soluble and preferred α‐helix conformation in water. Primary studies on the obtained glycopolypeptides binding with Con A lectin were assessed by turbidimetric assay. The more quantitive studies of the interactions between lectin proteins and the synthetic glycopolypeptides, and the application of these materials as the multivalent ligands are in progress.magnified image
Supramolecular Star‐Shaped Poly(ethylene glycol) Based on a [2 × 2] Grid‐Like Metal Complex
Authors: Hoogenboom Richard , Moore Brian C. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSupramolecular star‐shaped polymers are a class of materials that are formed by self‐assembly of polymeric precursors. The resulting structures combine the beneficial properties of conventional star‐shaped polymers and (reversible) supramolecular interactions. We previously introduced [2 × 2] copper(I) grids of 3,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐pyridazine (DPP) as structural motif to form the core of supramolecular star‐shaped polymers. In the current work, this concept is expanded to star‐shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by end‐functionalization of amine‐functionalized PEG with DPP. The synthesis and characterization of PEG‐DPP as well as the self‐assembly into star‐shaped supramolecular polymers upon copper(I) complexation are discussed in detail.magnified image
PEO‐Covered Nanoparticles by Emulsion Inversion Point (EIP) Method
Authors: Sadtler Véronique , Rondon‐Gonzalez Marianna , Acrement Audrey , Choplin Lionel , Marie Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study reports the first PEO‐coated polymer nanoparticles synthesis by miniemulsion polymerization of nano‐emulsions prepared by the low‐energy emulsification method called EIP. The surfactant used was Brij 98, a PEO based non ionic commercial surfactant. The partial phase diagram of the system water/Brij 98/styrene was first determined. The Emulsion Inversion Point technique was then used on the water/Brij 98/styrene system to the formation of styrene‐in‐water nano‐emulsions. After miniemulsion polymerization, particle sizes as low as 36 nm were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this method had not been used for polymerizable system up to now.magnified image
Digestibility and allergenicity assessment of enzymatically crosslinked β‐casein
Authors: Stanic Dragana , Monogioudi Evanthia , Ercili Dilek , Radosavljevic Jelena , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Vuckovic Olga , Raija Lantto , Mattinen Maija , Buchert Johanna , Cirkovic Velickovic Tanja 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCrosslinking enzymes are frequently used in bioprocessing of dairy products. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of enzymatic crosslinking on IgE binding, allergenicity and digestion stability of β‐casein (CN). β‐CN was crosslinked by transglutaminase, tyrosinase, mushroom tyrosinase/caffeic acid and laccase/caffeic acid. The IgE binding to β‐CN was compared in vitro by CAP inhibition assay, ELISA inhibition as well as ex vivo by basophil activation assay. Crosslinked CNs were digested by simulated gastric fluid for 15 and 60 min and obtained digests analyzed for their ability to inhibit IgE binding by CAP inhibition assay and SDS‐PAGE. The ability of crosslinked CNs to activate basophils was significantly reduced in seven patients in the case of CN crosslinked by laccase and moderately reduced in the case of tyrosinase/caffeic acid crosslinked CN (in two cow's milk allergy patients tested with different allergen concentrations). The response to various crosslinked CNs differed individually among patients' sera tested by ELISA inhibition assay. The presence of caffeic acid hampered digestion by pepsin, and this effect was most pronounced for the tyrosinase/caffeic acid crosslinked CN. The laccase/caffeic acid and mushroom tyrosinase/caffeic acid had the highest potential in mitigating IgE binding and allergenicity of the β‐CN out of all investigated enzymes. The presence of a small phenolic compound also increased digestion stability of β‐CN.
Finite element methods for quantum electrodynamics using a Helmholtz decomposition of the gauge field
Authors: Ketelsen C. , Manteuffel T. , McCormick S. , Ruge J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Dirac equation of quantum electrodynamics describes the interaction between electrons and photons. Large‐scale numerical simulations of the theory require repeated solution of the two‐dimensional Dirac equation, a system of two first‐order partial differential equations coupled to a background U(1) gauge field. Traditional discretizations of this system are sparse and highly structured, but contain random complex entries introduced by the background field. For even mildly disordered gauge fields, the near kernel components of the system are highly oscillatory, rendering standard multilevel methods ineffective. We consider an alternate formulation of the governing equations obtained by a transformation of the continuum operator that decouples the system into separate scalar diffusion‐like equations. We discretize the transformed system using least‐squares finite elements and use adaptive smoothed aggregation multigrid to solve the resulting linear system. We present numerical results and discuss implications of the transformed formulation in terms of the physical theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the YMCA in the origins of U.S. nonprofit management education
Authors: Lee Mordecai 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe given narrative of the origins of nonprofit management education tends to begin in the 1970s or 1980s, recognizing earlier efforts that were limited to individual professional disciplines, such as social work administration. This historical inquiry examines whether the origins of generic nonprofit management education can be traced further back. It identifies the 1911 bachelor of association science degree from the Chicago YMCA College as at least a proto‐nonprofit management degree and a 1935 text by Ordway Tead, issued by the YMCA's publishing house, as a contender for the first text in generic nonprofit management.
How might servant leadership work?
Authors: Ebener Dan R. , O'Connell David J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study examines the mechanics of servant leadership, particularly how it enhances organizational citizenship and how that drives organizational effectiveness. A case study of three successful Catholic parishes identified three direct leadership mechanisms—invitation, inspiration, and affection—that evoke and nurture the service of others. The case analysis also identified two organizational leadership mechanisms—culture building and structural initiatives—through which servant leaders fostered organizational citizenship. This study contributes to an understanding of organizational effectiveness by suggesting how leaders might foster the growth and development of others, build servant‐oriented organizations, and improve overall organizational performance.
Building a better workplace for teen volunteers through inclusive behaviors
Authors: Waters Richard D. , Bortree Denise Sevick 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFacing a decline in the number of hours donated to nonprofit organizations, volunteer coordinators must strive to determine the most effective strategies for retaining volunteers. Relationship management theory provides a framework to gauge the well‐being of an organization's relationship with its stakeholders. Through surveys administered to 317 teenage volunteers at three library systems, this study found that of four factors—trust, commitment, satisfaction, and control mutuality—trust had the strongest ability to predict intent to continue volunteering. Further analysis revealed that trust could be enhanced by including teenagers in work groups throughout the organization, seeking their input on organizational decisions, and ensuring they receive formal and informal organizational communications.
Synthesis and microwave absorbing properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) microspheres
Authors: Ni Xunwei , Hu Xiujie , Zhou Shuyun , Sun Chenghua , Bai Xiaoxia , Chen Ping 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) solid and hollow microspheres were successfully synthesized by simply adjusting the concentration of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and the molar ratio of EDOT to ammonium persulfate (APS) (represented by (EDOT)/(APS)), respectively. Microwave absorbing properties of PEDOT microspheres with tunable reflection loss (RL) and microwave frequency band were described in detail. The relationships between the conductivity and RL of PEDOT microspheres were also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.