bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithotrophic Bacterial Leaching of Heavy Metals from Sediments Dredged from the Deûle Canal, France
Authors: Y. Sabra N. , C. Dubourguier H. , Benmimouna A. , N. Duval M. , Camuzeaux S. , Hamieh T. 
Published: December 2011

Lithotrophic bacterial leaching of heavy metals from dredged sediments was studied in semi-pilot scale air-lift
bioreactors. Prior to the bioleaching experiments, a physico-chemical characterization of the sediments comprising a
sequential extraction study was conducted. The sediments turned out to be highly loaded with heavy metals, and with the
exception of managanese, mainly associated to the oxidizable fraction of the sediments and thus strongly linked to the
latter. The heavy metals could be classified by decreasing order of mobility as follows: Mn>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb.
The bacterial leaching was found to be strongly dependent on the nature of the mineral substrate. Sulfur gave the best
solubilization results in comparison with reduced iron or with a combination of reduced iron and sulfur. In the presence of
oxygen, lithotrophic bacteria oxidized sulfur into sulfates and induced an acidification of the sediments. These conditions
led to the release of the metals that were tightly linked to the sediments, that is those associated with the sulfides and/or
with the organic matter. With sulfur as a substrate, the solubilization percentages varied within 30 days between 72 and
93% of the total sediment content (wt/wt) for cadmium, copper, manganese and zinc. Much lower biosolubilization
percentages were obtained in the case of lead because of the poor solubility of lead sulfate.
Infectious Complications in Kidney-Transplant Recipients Desensitized with Rituximab and Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Kahwaji Joseph , Sinha Aditi , Toyoda Mieko , Ge Shili , Reinsmoen Nancy , Cao Kai , Lai Chih-Hung , Villicana Rafael , Peng Alice , Jordan Stanley , Vo Ashley 
Published: December 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Rituximab and intravenous Ig (IVIG) are commonly used for desensitization of HLA and blood group–incompatible (ABOi) transplants. However, serious infections have been noted in association with rituximab administration. In this study, we retrospectively compared infectious outcomes in those who received rituximab plus IVIG for HLA or ABOi transplants (RIT group) with a group of nonsensitized, ABO-compatible transplant recipients (non-RIT group).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Patients undergoing kidney transplantation at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center were included in the analysis. A total of 361 patients were identified. All received antimicrobial prophylaxis and viral surveillance. The primary outcome was infection.

Results
Overall patient survival was 97 and 96%, and graft survival was 91 and 89% in the RIT and non-RIT groups, respectively, after an average follow-up of 18 months. There were equal rates of bacterial (34.7% versus 39.1%), viral (21.8% versus 25.1%), fungal (5.9% versus 5.2%), and serious infections (22.9% versus 25.5%) in the RIT and non-RIT groups respectively. Urinary tract infection was the most common infection, accounting for 50% of all bacterial infections. Cytomegalovirus viremia was nonsignificantly more common in the nonrituximab-treated group (15.2% versus 10%), whereas BK viremia was marginally more frequent in the rituximab-treated group (10.6% versus 5.8%). There were no graft losses caused by BK-associated nephropathy. There were two deaths in each group related to infection (1%).

Conclusion
Rituximab does not increase infection risk when used with intravenous Ig for desensitization.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Coronary Artery Vulnerable Plaques
Authors: Wada Mitsuru , Ueda Yasunori , Higo Tomoaki , Matsuo Koshi , Nishio Mayu , Hirata Akio , Asai Mitsutoshi , Nemoto Takayoshi , Kashiyama Toshikazu , Murakami Ayaka , Kashiwase Kazunori , Kodama Kazuhisa 
Published: December 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The number of yellow plaques is a predictor of future cardiovascular events. We assumed that CKD might raise the risk of cardiovascular events by increasing the number of yellow plaques. Therefore, we compared the number of yellow plaques between patients with and without CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Consecutive 136 patients with acute myocardial infarction who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and angioscopic examination were analyzed. The infarct-related artery was angioscopically examined. The number of yellow plaques, maximum yellow color grade of detected yellow plaques, and prevalence of disrupted yellow plaques in nonculprit segments were compared between patients with and without CKD.

Results
The number of yellow plaques was significantly larger in CKD than in non-CKD patients (median [interquartile range]: 4.0 [2.0 to 6.0] versus 2.0 [1.0 to 4.0], P = 0.001). Maximum yellow color grade and prevalence of disrupted plaques in the nonculprit segments were not different between patients with and without CKD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed CKD as an independent risk of multiple yellow plaques per vessel (odds ratio 3.49, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 11.10, P = 0.03).

Conclusion
CKD was an independent risk factor of multiple coronary yellow plaques, suggesting that patients with CKD would have a higher risk of coronary events because they had more yellow plaques than patients without CKD.
Computer use and musculoskeletal complaints in the Lithuanian adolescent population
Authors: Skemiene Lina , Ustinaviciene Ruta , Luksiene Dalia , Radisauskas Ricardas , Kaliniene Gintare 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate self-rated musculoskeletal complaints and their association with computer use time in the adolescent population in Lithuania. The cross-sectional study done in 2008–2009 in Lithuania. 1806 students aged 13–18 years from randomly selected schools were questioned (response rate 95.8%). Logistic regression analysis results show that musculoskeletal complaints in adolescence are associated with duration of computer use as related to age and gender. Compared with adolescents using computer <2 hours daily, a statistically significant probability of experiencing back pain was determined for younger boys and girls groups (13–15 years) who reported working on a computer >4 hours (OR=2.36 and OR=2.50, respectively) in older age groups (16–18 years); in girls only the ORs of back pain significantly increased with increased time of computer use. the probability of experiencing the neck-shoulder pain was determined only in girls aged 16–18 years who reported working on a computer 2–4 hours (OR=1.62, p=0.020). Musculoskeletal complaints in adolescence are related to duration of computer use. Increasing the time spent at the computer increased complaints of musculoskeletal pain among Lithuanian adolescents. The main guidelines for prevention point to restriction of time of computer use.
Modified concept of permanent magnet excited synchronous machines with improved high-speed features
Authors: May H. , Palka R. , Paplicki P. , Szkolny S. , Canders W.-R. 
Published: December 2011

Modified concept of permanent magnet excited synchronous machines with improved high-speed featuresPermanent magnet (PM) excited synchronous machines used in modern drives for electro-mobiles suffer in high speed regions from the limited battery-voltage. The field weakening requires designing machines with reduced power conversion properties or increasing the size of the power converter. A new concept of such a machine features PM excitation, single-tooth winding and an additional circumferential excitation coil fixed on the stator in the axial center of the machine. By the appropriate feeding of this coil, the amplitude of the voltage effective excitation field can be varied from zero to values above those of the conventional PM-machines. The capability of reducing the excitation field to zero is an important safety aspect in case of failing of the feeding convertor.
Structural, optical and luminescence studies of ZnSe nanowires
Authors: Venugopal R. , Vijayalakshmi R. P. , Murali G. , Reddy D. Amaranatha , Chen Yit-Tsong 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
ZnSe nanowires have been successfully synthesized through chemical vapor deposition assisted by laser ablation in a tube furnace on a silicon substrate coated with a gold film of 2 nm thickness. X-ray powder diffraction measurements reveal that the synthesized products had pure hexagonal wurtzite structure. The microstructures and chemical composition of the as-grown nanowires have been investigated by means of electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. The results reveal that the as-grown material consists of ZnSe nanowires with diameters ranging from 60 – 100 nm and with lengths up to several tens of micrometers. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction indicated that as-synthesized nanowires were single crystalline in nature. Micro-photoluminescence studies on ZnSe nanowire reveal strong emission at 460 nm. The Raman peak at 251 cm−1 is attributed to the longitudinal optic phonon mode of ZnSe.
Recovery and recrystallisation processes in plastically deformed WE43 alloy
Authors: Lambri Osvaldo Agustin , Riehemann Werner 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Mechanical spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry measurements and light microscopy studies were performed on homogenised and plastically deformed samples of commercial WE43 magnesium alloy. Plastic deformation was performed both at 300 K and 643 K, and at 1 % and 10 % of uniform plastic deformation. Samples 1 % deformed at 300 K did not show recrystallisation, but recovery at about 633 K was detected. Samples 1 % deformed at 643 K recovered dynamically, during hot working. Samples 10 % deformed at 300 K began to recrystallise at about 730 K, meanwhile samples 10 % deformed at 643 K dynamically recrystallised during hot working.
Semisolid microstructure of AM60B magnesium alloy refined by SiC particles
Authors: Chen T. J. , Lü W. B. , Ma Y. , Huang H. J. , Hao Y. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Microstructural evolution during partial remelting of AM60B alloy refined by 0.2 wt.% SiC particles at 615 °C has been investigated. The effect of as-cast microstructure on the resulting semisolid microstructure has also been discussed. The results indicate that the evolution process includes five stages, initial rapid coarsening, structure separation, spheroidization and coarsening, partial melting and final coarsening. The finer the as-cast microstructure is, the smaller and more spheroidal the primary particles of the resulting semisolid microstructure are. There is a threshold for the grain size of the as-cast microstructure. When the grain size is about 100 μm, one dendrite frequently evolves into one primary particle after being partially remelted. But when the grain size is larger than 100 μm, one dendrite often separates into several particles, and when it is smaller than 100 μm, one primary particle always originates from several dendrites.
An investigation into the microstructure and weldability of a tantalum-containing cast cobalt-based superalloy
Authors: Montazeri Mojtaba , Ghaini Farshid Malek , Farnia Amirreza 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The weld metal microstructures and the weldability of a tantalum-containing cast cobalt-based superalloy were investigated using gas tungsten arc welding. It was found that the tantalum carbides in the base metal have remained stable up to the fusion line. The results showed that the formation of Ta-rich carbides (TaC) is very sensitive to time and temperature; so the as-weld microstructure is unstable from a metallurgical aspect. The formation of fine precipitates due to the high cooling rate of the welding process resulted in a weld metal with an undesirable hardness and microstructure after autogenous welding, especially after post weld heat treatment. Further results revealed that using a filler metal containing significantly less carbon and tantalum has solved the mentioned problems and made acceptable welds after post weld heat treatment.
Accelerated axon outgrowth, guidance, and target reinnervation across nerve transection gaps following a brief electrical stimulation paradigm
Authors: Singh Bhagat , Xu Qing-Gui , Franz Colin K. , Zhang Rumi , Dalton Colin , Gordon Tessa , Verge Valerie M. K. , Midha Rajiv , Zochodne Douglas W. 
Published: December 2011

Object
Regeneration of peripheral nerves is remarkably restrained across transection injuries, limiting recovery of function. Strategies to reverse this common and unfortunate outcome are limited. Remarkably, however, new evidence suggests that a brief extracellular electrical stimulation (ES), delivered at the time of injury, improves the regrowth of motor and sensory axons.

Methods
In this work, the authors explored and tested this ES paradigm, which was applied proximal to transected sciatic nerves in mice, and identified several novel and compelling impacts of the approach. Using thy-1 yellow fluorescent protein mice with fluorescent axons that allow serial in vivo tracking of regeneration, the morphological, electrophysiological, and behavioral indices of nerve regrowth were measured.

Results
The authors show that ES is associated with a 30%–50% improvement in several indices of regeneration: regrowth of axons and their partnered Schwann cells across transection sites, maturation of regenerated fibers in gaps spanning transection zones, and entry of axons into their muscle and cutaneous target zones. In parallel studies, the authors analyzed adult sensory neurons and their response to extracellular ES while plated on a novel microelectrode array construct designed to deliver the identical ES paradigm used in vivo. The ES accelerated neurite outgrowth, supporting the concept of a neuron-autonomous mechanism of action.

Conclusions
Taken together, these results support a robust role for brief ES following peripheral nerve injuries in promoting regeneration. Electrical stimulation has a wider repertoire of impact than previously recognized, and its impact in vitro supports the hypothesis that a neuron-specific reprogrammed injury response is recruited by the ES protocol.
The efficacy of superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery anastomosis in patients with moyamoya disease complaining of severe headache
Authors: Okada Yoshikazu , Kawamata Takakazu , Kawashima Akitsugu , Yamaguchi Kohji , Ono Yuko , Hori Tomokatsu 
Published: December 2011

Object
Some patients with moyamoya disease complain of severe headache, which may be closely related to cerebral ischemia. The efficacy of superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis in these patients was evaluated by clinicoradiological studies.

Methods
Of 117 consecutive patients with ischemic moyamoya disease, 25 complained mainly of severe headache (headache group) and 92 had no significant headache (nonheadache group). Intensity of headache was evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Furthermore, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) were assessed pre- and postoperatively.

Results
The headache group was significantly younger than the nonheadache group. In a group corrected for the age distribution, preoperative rCBF and CVR were similar in headache and nonheadache groups. After STA-MCA anastomosis, 16 patients with headache experienced complete relief from headache, 7 patients showed remarkable improvements and discontinued medications for headache, and the remaining 2 patients had some alleviation of headache but sometimes required medication. In the headache group, the postoperative rCBF was significantly greater than the preoperative value. The postoperative rCBF in this group was also significantly greater than the postoperative rCBF in the nonheadache group.

Conclusions
These data suggest that severe headache is one of the main symptoms in young patients with moyamoya disease probably related to cerebral circulatory disturbances. An STA-MCA anastomosis is effective in relieving headache in patients with ischemic moyamoya disease manifesting severe headache, probably by improving perfusion pressure and cerebral circulation.
Unilateral cervical facet dislocation: a biomechanical study of several constructs including unilateral lateral mass fixation supplemented by an interspinous cable
Authors: Riesenburger Ron I. , Potluri Tejaswy , Kulkarni Nikhil , Lavelle William , Roguski Marie , Goel Vijay K. , Benzel Edward C. 
Published: December 2011

Object
Both ventral and dorsal operative approaches have been used to treat unilateral cervical facet injuries. The gold standard ventral approach is anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. There is, however, no clear gold standard dorsal operation. In this study, the authors tested the stability of multiple posterior constructs, including unilateral lateral mass fixation supplemented by an interspinous cable.

Methods
Six fresh human cervical spine specimens (C3–T1) were tested by applying pure moments to the C-3 vertebral body in increments of 0.5 Nm from 0 Nm to 2.0 Nm. Each specimen was tested in the following 8 conditions (in the order shown): 1) intact; 2) after destabilization via injury to the C5–6 facet; 3) with bilateral C5–6 lateral mass screws and rods; 4) after further destabilization by creating a right unilateral lateral mass fracture of C-5 (which rendered secure screw placement into the right C-5 lateral mass impossible); 5) with unilateral left C5–6 lateral mass screws and rod; 6) with unilateral C5–6 lateral mass screws and rod supplemented with an interspinous cable; 7) with a bilateral multilevel dorsal construct C4–6; and 8) after a C5–6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedure with a polyetheretherketone graft and plate.

Results
The bilateral C5–6 lateral mass construct reduced the range of C5–6 motion to 33.6% of normal. The unilateral C5–6 lateral mass construct resulted in an increased range of motion to 110.1% of normal. The unilateral lateral mass construct supplemented by an interspinous cable reduced the C5–6 range of motion to 89.4% of normal. The bilateral C4–6 lateral mass construct reduced the C5–6 range of motion to 44.2% of normal. The C5–6 ACDF construct reduced the C5–6 range of motion to 62.6% of normal.

Conclusions
The unilateral lateral mass construct supplemented by an interspinous cable does reduce range of motion compared with an intact specimen, but is significantly inferior to a C4–6 bilateral lateral mass construct. When using a dorsal approach, the unilateral construct with a cable should only be considered in selected instances.
Is time a problem? The work-life-leisure balance and its impact on physical activities: a case study in Denmark
Authors: Pfister Gertrud 
Published: December 2011

Résumé En Occident, le sport et les activités physiques sont des composantes essentielles de la politique de santé publique. Ils servent de mesures préventives, contre les dites « maladies de civilisation », comme symboles d’un style de vie hygiénique et moderne et comme outils importants dans ce contexte de projets d’amélioration du corps. Ainsi, les questions qui surgissent ici sont : jusqu’à quel point les populations des sociétés industrielles sont-elles actives ou inactives et quelles sont les raisons de ne pas participer au sport pour tous ? Cet article observe la situation du Danemark et examine la participation de la population danoise aux activités récréatives. L’accent est mis sur les raisons de participer ou de ne pas participer au sport (pour tous) et particulièrement sur l’importance du temps dans ce contexte. La première partie de l’article présente les données statistiques disponibles sur les types d’activités physiques des Danois, en particulier en regard du temps ou du manque de temps ; la seconde partie s’intéresse à une approche théorique du temps, du poids du temps de loisir et des questions de genre ; la troisième partie, basée sur les résultats d’entretiens de recherche, fournit un aperçu en profondeur de l’utilisation du temps chez les personnes âgées danoises et de son impact sur la pratique d’activités physiques.
L'après-carrière des footballeurs professionnels en Afrique du Sud
Authors: Berthoud Jérôme , Poli Raffaele 
Published: December 2011

Résumé Cet article traite de l’après-carrière des footballeurs en Afrique du Sud. Les résultats sont principalement basés sur des entretiens auprès d’anciens joueurs ayant accompli une carrière professionnelle dans leur pays. Ce travail met l’accent sur les dynamiques sociales et culturelles propres au milieu du football sud-africain et sur leur impact au niveau du style de vie adopté par les joueurs pendant leur carrière, ainsi que sur les conséquences morales et matérielles de ces choix une fois la carrière de joueur terminée. Que deviennent les joueurs en fin de carrière ? Quels sont les éléments contextuels qui les joueurs particulièrement vulnérables ? Cette recherche identifie trois éléments « socialisants » susceptibles de mettre en péril la préparation de l’après-carrière : le club, le milieu socioculturel et la famille, dans lesquels les joueurs ont grandi.
Des activités athlétiques a l'école entre santé et performance
Authors: Roger Anne , Bavazzano Pierre 
Published: December 2011

Résumé L’athlétisme, qui s’est structuré au début du XX e siècle, a rapidement pénétré le monde des pratiques physiques à l’École comme d’autres activités sportives. L’originalité des liens entre l’EPS scolaire et l’athlétisme réside dans la construction de ce sport comme enseignement de base pour le milieu scolaire pendant de nombreuses décennies. Depuis la méthode naturelle de G. Hébert centrée sur des exercices athlétiques aux formes d’évaluation du baccalauréat, véritables épreuves de compétitions athlétiques, les activités athlétiques ont donc occupé une place importante et originale au sein de l’École. Les évolutions et transformations sociétales et éducatives conduisent à redéfinir la place des activités athlétiques depuis les années 1980 en EPS avec une audience moins forte dans un contexte de multiplication des activités physiques et sportives répondant aux finalités du système scolaire.
Les activités de combat au sein de l'éducation physique en France depuis le XIXe siècle : entre pertinences éducatives et résistances scolaires
Authors: Groenen Haimo , Ottogalli-Mazzacavallo Cécile 
Published: December 2011

Résumé La permanence des activités physiques de combat dans l’EP scolaire française depuis la fin du XIX e siècle témoigne des vertus éducatives attribuées à la maîtrise d’un affrontement corporel interindividuel. Analysés conjointement à l’échelle des textes officiels, des théoriciens et des pratiques d’enseignants, la place et le statut des activités de combat en EP révèlent les sélections et les transformations opérées par l’école parmi les pratiques sociales. Ces choix et mises en forme scolaires depuis la fin du XIX e siècle se comprennent à l’articulation de quatre facteurs : les enjeux éducatifs poursuivis par l’EP, les caractéristiques et évolutions des pratiques sociales, les modes de rationalisation pédagogique engagés hors de l’école et le rôle des acteurs scolaires. Intégrées initialement dans différentes formes de gymnastique, ces activités ont progressivement acquis une place à part entière en EP en tant que sports de combat, dans la leçon et le sport scolaire associatif, pour les garçons puis aussi pour les filles. Des résistances perdurent cependant et freinent toujours leur diffusion à l’école. Elles tiennent non seulement aux conditions de formation des enseignants mais aussi à des lacunes de propositions pédagogiques dans et hors de l’école afin de démocratiser ces activités auprès de tous les élèves.