bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug interactions in African herbal remedies
Authors: Cordier Werner , Steenkamp Vanessa 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Herbal usage remains popular as an alternative or complementary form of treatment, especially in Africa. However, the misconception that herbal remedies are safe due to their “natural” origins jeopardizes human safety, as many different interactions can occur with concomitant use with other pharmaceuticals on top of potential inherent toxicity. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are highly polymorphic, and pose a problem for pharmaceutical drug tailoring to meet an individual’s specific metabolic activity. The influence of herbal remedies further complicates this. The plants included in this review have been mainly researched for determining their effect on cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein drug transporters. Usage of herbal remedies, such as Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Sutherlandia frutescens and Harpagophytum procumbensis popular in Africa. The literature suggests that there is a potential for drug-herb interactions, which could occur through alterations in metabolism and transportation of drugs. Research has primarily been conducted in vitro, whereas in vivo data are lacking. Research concerning the effect of African herbals on drug metabolism should also be approached, as specific plants are especially popular in conjunction with certain treatments. Although these interactions can be beneficial, the harm they pose is just as great.
Grid vs Cloud — A Technology Comparison
Authors: Brandic Ivona , Dustdar Scharam 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Cloud Computing represents a novel and promising approach for implementing scalable ICT systems for individual-, communities-, and business-use relying on the latest achievements of diverse research areas, such as Grid computing, Service oriented computing, business processes, and virtualization. From the technological point of view Grid computing is considered as the most related predecessor technology of Cloud computing. Although, Cloud and Grid computing differ in many aspects, as for example, in the general idea of the provision of computational resource, which is in Clouds commercial based and in Grids community based, there are many similarities. In this paper we investigate the similarities and differences between Clouds and Grids by evaluating two successful projects, namely for the provision of native hight performance copmputing applications as Grid workflows and for the self-management of Cloud infrastructures.
Composite as a Service: Cloud Application Structures, Provisioning, and Management
Authors: Fehling Christoph , Mietzner Ralph 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Cloud computing and corresponding “as a service” models have transformed the way in which IT resources can be consumed. By taking advantage of the properties of the cloud — elasticity, pay-per-use and standardization — customers and providers alike can benefit from economies of scale, faster provisioning times and reduced costs. However, to fully exploit the potentials of the cloud, it is necessary, that applications, to be deployed on the cloud, support the inherent cloud properties. In this article we investigate how applications can be designed to comply with cloud infrastructures. We present a framework that allows modeling the variability within such applications regarding their structure, functional, and non-functional properties, as well as their deployment. Using these models the framework guides the user during the customization of an application, provisions it on available clouds, and enables common management functionality for cloud applications, such as elasticity, suspend, and resume.
Evidence for Catch-up in Cognition and Receptive Vocabulary Among Adolescents Born Very Preterm
Authors: Luu Thuy Mai , Vohr Betty R. , Allan Walter , Schneider Karen C. , Ment Laura R. 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND:Very preterm adolescents display persistent deficits in neuropsychological functions.OBJECTIVE:To compare cognitive and language outcomes at 16 years and cognitive and receptive vocabulary trajectories throughout school years between very preterm and term children and to determine child and family factors associated with better developmental trajectories.DESIGN AND METHODS:At 8, 12, and 16 years, 322 very preterm children with birth weights of 1250 g or less and 41 term children had cognitive and language testing. Hierarchical growth-curve modeling was used to delineate the differences in cognitive and receptive vocabulary development between participants. Cluster analyses allowed for the characterization of very preterm children with different patterns of cognitive and receptive vocabulary development.RESULTS:At 16 years, very preterm adolescents had deficits in general cognition and higher-order language skills (phonological awareness and phonemic decoding) compared with term peers. Although the between-group difference in cognitive scores remained stable from 8 to 16 years, very preterm children demonstrated catch-up gains in receptive vocabulary during the same period. Moreover, subgroups of very preterm children displayed developmental trajectories in cognition similar to term children (55% on the vocabulary and 46% on the block-design subtests). These children had lower rates of neurosensory impairment and mothers with higher education and were from an ethnic nonminority.CONCLUSIONS:Significant catch-up in receptive vocabulary is observed by the age of 16 years among very preterm children compared to term peers. The absence of neurosensory impairment and residing in a favorable socioeconomic milieu are associated with the most optimal developmental trajectories.
Mother-Child Bed-Sharing in Toddlerhood and Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Barajas R. Gabriela , Martin Anne , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , Hale Lauren 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:We examined the predictors and consequences of mother-child bed-sharing at 1, 2, and 3 years of age in a racially/ethnically and geographically diverse sample of low-income families across the United States.METHODS:We analyzed data from 944 low-income families who had children assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years of age.RESULTS:Mothers who were Hispanic and black were more likely to bed-share with children at ages 1, 2, and 3 years than other mothers. Maternal negative regard also predicted bed-sharing. Bed-sharing at ages 1 to 3 years was bivariately associated with poorer behavior and cognition at age 5 years. However, these associations lost significance when child and mother characteristics were controlled.CONCLUSION:There seem to be no negative associations between bed-sharing in toddlerhood and children's behavior and cognition at age 5 years.
Grandparents Driving Grandchildren: An Evaluation of Child Passenger Safety and Injuries
Authors: Henretig Fred M. , Durbin Dennis R. , Kallan Michael J. , Winston Flaura K. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVES:
To compare restraint-use practices and injuries among children in crashes with grandparent versus parent drivers.

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study of motor vehicle crashes that occurred from January 15, 2003, to November 30, 2007, involving children aged 15 years or younger, with cases identified via insurance claims and data collected via follow-up telephone surveys. We calculated the relative risk of significant child-passenger injury for grandparent-driven versus parent-driven vehicles. Logistic regression modeling estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for several child occupant, driver, vehicle, and crash characteristics.

RESULTS:
Children driven by grandparents comprised 9.5% of the sample but resulted in only 6.6% of the total injuries. Injuries were reported for 1302 children, for an overall injury rate of 1.02 (95% CI: 0.90–1.17) per 100 child occupants. These represented 161 weighted injuries (0.70% injury rate) with grandparent drivers and 2293 injuries (1.05% injury rate) with parent drivers. Although nearly all children were reported to have been restrained, children in crashes with grandparent drivers used optimal restraint slightly less often. Despite this, children in grandparent-driven crashes were at one-half the risk of injuries as those in parent-driven crashes (OR: 0.50 [95% CI: 0.33– 0.75]) after adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Grandchildren seem to be safer in crashes when driven by grandparents than by their parents, but safety could be enhanced if grandparents followed current child-restraint guidelines. Additional elucidation of safe grandparent driving practices when carrying their grandchildren may inform future child-occupant driving education guidelines for all drivers.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure ofPanonychus citri(Acari: Tetranychidae) in China using Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Sequences
Authors: Yuan Ming-Long , Wang Bao-Jun , Lu Fei , Hu Chen-Xiao , Wei Dan-Dan , Dou Wei , Wang Jin-Jun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), has a world-wide distribution and is the most important citrus (Citrus spp.) pest in many countries, including Japan, Spain, and China. To characterize the population genetic structure of the citrus red mite, the genetic variation in 15 populations from three citrus-planting regions of China (citrus belt of upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River [UMYR], citrus base of Yungui Plateau [YGP], and citrus belt of South China [SC]) was investigated using the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region. These populations were characterized by high genetic diversity. Neutrality tests, mismatch analysis, and star-like network strongly supported the population expansion. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that no significant population genetic structure existed among UMYR, YGP, and SC. However, a significant global φST and the genetic structure were found between (UMYR + YGP) and SC. Pairwise φST values between most populations were not significant, and a high gene flow was found among some geographically distant populations. The significant influence of host plants on the genetic structure of P. citri populations was found by the AMOVA for five host-related groups. In addition, the Mantel test revealed that geographical isolation was a factor responsible for the genetic differentiation. Therefore, our current observed population structure of P. citri can be contribute to several factors together, i.e., ongoing gene flow, the retention of ancestral polymorphisms, and natural selection (e.g., host plants, acaricides).
69.1: The Method and Mechanism of Optimizing Optical Performances of Polymer‐Stabilized Liquid Crystals Panels
Authors: Wu Kuo‐Hua , Yang Wei‐Chieh , Liang Ping‐Chun , Chen Maw‐Song , Huang Wei‐Ming 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe method modifying optical performances of polymer stabilized vertical alignment (PSVA) LCDs is discussed in this paper. The mechanism and relationship between UV curing conditions and optical properties is also proposed. A PSVA panel with high contrast ratio and fast response time could be achieved by controlling the curing conditions during fabricating process.
70.2: Virtual Display: A Platform for Evaluating Display Color Calibration Kits
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Chung , Badano Aldo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe propose a method of evaluating the performance of color calibration kits for LCD monitors. Routine color calibration is imperative for critical applications that rely on color fidelity such as digital pathology and professional graphics. However, the commercially available products vary greatly in price and performance with no available evaluation standard. We propose the concept of Virtual Display, a universal display platform that emulates tone reproduction curves. A field programmable gate array board was used to process the video signals based on a preprogrammed look‐up table, which contains the tone reproduction curves of the target display. A spectroradiometer‐based and a colorimeter‐based color calibration kits were challenged by 8 virtual displays that have problematic tone reproduction curves. The results show that both color calibration kits offer only one‐dimensional lookup tables for each channel, which might be insufficient. We also spectrally characterized three real displays of different grades and derived spectral models for them. By using the virtual display and spectral models, evaluation of color calibration kits can be greatly simplified and standardized without the burden of optical measurement on target displays.
9.3: Control of Threshold Voltage in Back Channel Etch Type Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Lee Seung Min , Ryoo Chang Il , Park Jae Wook , Han Joonsoo , Kim Dae‐Won , Kim Yong‐Yub , Kang Im‐Kuk , Seo Kyung‐Han , Koh Young Ju , Han Dong‐Min , Choi Yong‐Ho , Seo Hyun‐Sik , Kim Bong Chul , Cha Soo Youle , Bae Jong‐Uk , Kim Chang Dong , Jun Myungchul , Hwang Yong Kee 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTuning the process pressure at the deposition of the passivation layers has been suggested in the way of controlling the threshold voltage of a‐IGZO TFTs, making it possible to employ gate driver integration. It has showed that Vth linearly changes with the pressure ΔVth/ΔPressure∼3.5V/100Pa. A 3.2 inch WVGA AMLCD with integrated gate driver circuits were successfully demonstrated using the enhancement mode BCE type bottom gate a‐IGZO TFTs.
72.2: Phosphorescent OLEDs: Enabling Solid State Lighting with Lower Temperature and Longer Lifetime
Authors: Levermore Peter A. , Dyatkin Alexey B. , Elshenawy Zeinab M. , Pang Huiqing , Kwong Raymond C. , Ma Ruiqing , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julie J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present a pair of 15 cm × 15 cm all‐phosphorescent OLED light panels with high efficacy and extended operational lifetime. Panel 1 operates at 1,000 cd/m2 with power efficacy = 62 lm/W. At a higher luminance of 3,000 cd/m2, power efficacy = 49 lm/W, CRI = 82, CCT = 2,950 K and CIE 1931 (x, y) = (0.446, 0.417). Similar high efficacy performance is recorded for Panel 2, which has lifetime to LT70 ∼ 4,000 hrs at 3,000 cd/m2. Excellent lifetime is enabled by a new light blue phosphorescent materials system and by the use of efficient phosphorescent emitters that ensure very low panel temperature without any additional thermal management.
10.1: Invited Paper: Roll‐to‐Roll Flexible Display for e‐Paper Applications
Authors: Chen Janglin , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Chiu Wan‐Wen , Tsai Chen‐Chu , Huang Chieh‐Yi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe flexible display we describe here has a simple structure on single substrate. Disclosed more than a year ago, the display has steadily been improved in performance, such as in reflectance, contrast ratio, and driving voltage. In addition, a thermal addressing method is developed for high resolution e‐paper application. A number of novel applications are also revealed in this report.
P‐7: Multilayered Integral Imaging with Improved Image Clarity
Authors: Ueda Yukio , Kakeya Hideki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a new display design to attain bright and vivid 3D image by modifying composition of multilayer panels in CIVI, which combines volumetric solutions with multiview solutions based on integral imaging. Compact CIVI display that can present floating 3D image with larege depth and little vergence‐accommodation conflict is realized as a result.
10.3: Ultra low‐power Electrowetting‐based Displays Using Dynamic Frame Rate Driving
Authors: Giraldo Andrea , Massard Romaric , Mans Jurrien , Derckx Eric , Aubert Jo , Mennen Jan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPortable multi‐media devices with electrowetting‐based displays take advantage of the supreme optical performances and of the video capabilities of the screen. As described in this paper these displays benefit from the implementation of dynamic adaptive frame rate driving schemes, resulting in ultra‐low power consumption and extended battery life while maintaining the high level of image quality.
P‐19: Effect of Back Channel Passivation on the Operation Stability of Solution‐processed Transparent Oxide TFTs and Ring Oscillators
Authors: Kim Yong‐Hoon , Oh Min Suk , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Hyun Jae , Han Jeong‐In , Park Sung Kyu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of back channel passivation on the electrical stability of solution‐processed zinc‐tin‐oxide thin‐film transistors (ZTO TFTs) and ring oscillators have been investigated. Based on solution‐processed ZTO TFTs, ring oscillators with an oscillation frequency up to 769 kHz were realized and it was found that the passivation layer had a strong influence on the operation stability of the ring oscillators.
P‐22: Realizing a New Pixel Circuit Design for Alleviating OLED Degradation in a 2.4 Inch AMOLED Panel
Authors: Lee Kuei‐Yu , Chang Jui‐Hsin , Chao Paul C. ‐P. , Chen Chiu‐Hao , Tsai Zon‐Tim , Lin Hong‐Shen , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Lin Yu‐Sin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study proposes the pixel circuit of degradation alleviation realized in a 2.4 inch AMOLED panel. The panel is fabricated with the designs of panel supply signal and layout regulation. The OLED degradation measurements made possible by the newly‐fabricated panel are recorded and show good performance.
P‐26: Novel Driving Method to Reduce the Cost of Production and to Improve the Legibility of Text for Triple Rate Driving in Active Matrix Displays
Authors: Yun Sai Chang , Kim Min Hwa , So Byeong Seong , Oh Dae Seok , Heo Seung Ho , Park Yong Hwa , Nam You Sung , Jun Myung Chul 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDriving Method on the panel is getting more important in LCD technology, because it can reduce the cost of source driver ICs and the number of module processes. Decrement of source driver IC can make cost competitiveness higher. In this paper, we have proposed a new driving method of advanced triple rate driving (Advanced TRD) which reduces the number of source driver ICs in notebook panel with HD (1366 X RGB X 768) resolution, with the same image quality compared to conventional data line sharing method (Conventional DLS) [1∼4]. In the Advanced TRD Structure, three neighboring pixels share one data line and become vertical stripe structure. By using this technology, we can reduce the number of source driver ICs by two thirds, compare to the conventional DLS. And it will be a technique to overcome the legibility problem of horizontal stripe TRD by simple changing the pixel rendering. We fabricated 13.3‐inch HD notebook panel which can be driven with two source driver ICs by using advanced TRD method.
P‐28: The Effect of AC Bias Frequency on Threshold Voltage Shift of the Amorphous Oxide TFTs
Authors: Kim Sun‐Jae , Lee Young‐Wook , Lee Soo‐Yeon , Woo Jong‐Suk , Kwon Jang‐Yeon , Han Min‐Koo , Lee Woo‐Geun , Yoon Kap‐Soo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe investigated AC bias stress instability of indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) Thin‐film transistors (TFTs). AC bias frequency dependence showed different aspect in IGZO TFTs and a‐Si:H TFTs. Influencing factors to AC bias frequency dependence of instability is charge accumulation characteristic under negative bias stress, and detrapping characteristics of shallow trapped charges under positive bias stress.
P‐202L: Late‐News Poster: Density‐of‐States Based Analysis on the Effect of Active Thin‐film Thickness on Current Stress‐induced Instability in Amorphous InGaZnO AMOLED Driver TFTs
Authors: Kong Dongsik , Jung Hyungkwang , Kim Yongsik , Bae Minkyung , Jeon Yong Woo , Kim Sungchul , Jang Jaemam , Kim Jaehyeong , Kim Woojoon , Hur Inseok , Kim Dong Myong , Kim Dae Hwan , Du Ahn Byung , Park Sei Yong , Park Jun‐Hyun , Kim Joo Han , Park Jaewoo , Lee Je‐Hun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe effect of the active layer thickness (TIGZO) on the constant current stress (CCS)‐induced threshold voltage shift (ΔVT) in amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) for AMOLED drivers is investigated by using a subgap density‐of‐states (DOS) model and simulation. The CCS‐induced positive ΔVT in a‐IGZO TFT with a thicker TIGZO is larger than that in a‐IGZO TFTs with a thinner TIGO. It is originated from more activated charge trapping (60∼80 % in total ΔVT) and DOS creation due to a higher surface electric field with a thicker TIGZO. Our results show that using thinner active layer in a‐IGZO TFTs is desirable for high performance and highly stable AMOLEDs if the quality of thin‐film bulk is guranteed irrespective of TIGZO.
P‐38: See‐through Optical Configuration with Transmitted H‐PDLC
Authors: Dai Hai Tao , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA near‐to‐eye see‐through optical configuration is proposed based on dual transmitted grating fabricated by interference in Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (H‐PDLC), which provides compact, light, and low cost solution for see‐through display. The transmitted gratings attached at both the edge and center of the glass substrate acted as in‐coupling and out‐coupling elements respectively. A prototype with thick glass substrate for see‐through configuration was demonstrated, which could couple the incident successfully into substrate and then coupled the beam outward by the other grating.
11.2: A New Process for Manufacture of Low Voltage, Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase LCDs
Authors: Kubota Daisuke , Ishitani Tetsuji , Yamashita Akio , Yamagata Sachiko , Oe Yuko , Tamura Tomohiro , Ikenaga Makoto , Yamamoto Takahiro , Kato Momoko , Nakano Masaru , Hatsumi Ryo , Kubota Yusuke , Murakawa Tsutomu , Hayakawa Masahiko , Nishi Takeshi , Seo Satoshi , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Okazaki Kenichi , Sato Rai , Cho Takayuki , Sakakura Masayuki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe realized a blue‐phase liquid crystal display with low driving voltage and high contrast by using a liquid crystal material which is easily twisted and a protrusion electrode structure. Further, we made a prototype of a 3.4‐inch panel by a novel manufacturing process suitable for a large‐sized panel.
P‐53: Dynamic Backlight Control Method for RGBW LCD
Authors: Kao Meng‐Chao Andy , Hsieh Pei‐Lin , Lin Hsiang‐Tan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a system for adaptively adjusting the backlight luminance enabling extreme power reduction. Tools to maintain primary color brightness and saturation are described. Using the proposed system, RGBW color and backlight dimming can be appropriately managed. This novel technology was successfully implemented in our 10.1″ checkerboard RGBW LCD.
P‐64: A Simple Data Line Delay Compensation Scheme for AMOLED Panels
Authors: Kim Woo‐Chul , Choe Won Jun , Kim Byung‐Hee , Kim Sang Soo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA simple and effective way to remove a double image, which appears on a 3D full high definition AMOLED panel, is presented. The double image results from timing mismatch between the data line delay and scan timing. Providing gradual delay of scan timing effectively eliminates the double image in the AMOLED panel.
P‐204L: Late‐News Poster: A Stable Amorphous Silicon Gate Driver Circuit with Continual Pulse Triggering Method
Authors: Wu Tianyi , Ma Jun , Jung Taebo , Yang Kang , Huang Zhongshou , Ling Zhihua 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInstability of amorphous silicon TFT has been a major challenge in designing a shift register of gate driver. We proposed in this paper a novel amorphous silicon gate driver (ASG). A 2.8 inch QVGA TFT‐LCD prototype driven by proposed ASG has been successfully fabricated. Stable operation within 240 hours at 70 °C temperature has been demonstrated without noticeable failure or artifacts.