bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and phenotypic characterization ofVibrio aestuarianus, a pathogen of the cultured tongue sole,Cynoglossus semilaevisGünther
Authors: Zhang X‐J , Qin G‐M , Bing X‐W , Yan B‐L , Liang L‐G 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStudies were conducted to determine the cause of high mortalities of cultured half‐smooth tongue soleCynoglossus semilaevis. Gross signs of disease included loss of appetite, erratic swimming, and haemorrhages on the head, opercula and base of fins, dorsal fin rot, swollen abdomen filled with ascitic fluid and herniation of the intestine. Histological examination of the liver showed focal areas of necrosis and extensive haemorrhages. Virtually pure, dense bacterial cultures were obtained from liver, kidney and spleen tissues, and high pathogenicity of the isolates to tongue sole was confirmed. The phenotypic characteristics of the isolates including morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were determined. The 16S rRNA andgyrB genes of the isolates were sequenced, and the phylogenetic trees representing genetic relatedness between the isolate and publicly available 16S rRNA andgyrB gene sequences from GenBank were constructed. The results confirmed that the diseased tongue soles were infected withVibrio aestuarianus. The sequenced 16S rRNA gene of strain TS1 (GenBank Accession No.GQ372983) was 1446bp, thegyrB gene of strain TS1 (GenBank Accession No.GQ372984) was 1200bp and the two genes exhibited high similarity (98∼99%) to those ofV. aestuarianusfrom GenBank. In addition, the activities of extracellular enzymes and haemolysin were also studied; the results showed that the isolates produced beta haemolysis on rabbit blood agar, lecithinase, proteinase, DNase and lipase, but gelatinase was not produced.
Linking irradiance‐induced changes in pit membrane ultrastructure with xylem vulnerability to cavitation
Authors: PLAVCOVÁ LENKA , HACKE UWE G. , SPERRY JOHN S. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe effect of shading on xylem hydraulic traits and xylem anatomy was studied in hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa × deltoides, clone H11‐11). Hydraulic measurements conducted on stem segments of 3‐month‐old saplings grown in shaded (SH) or control light (C) conditions indicated that shading resulted in more vulnerable and less efficient xylem. Air is thought to enter vessels through pores in inter‐vessel pit membranes, thereby nucleating cavitation. Therefore, we tested if the ultrastructure and/or chemistry of pit membranes differed in SH and C plants. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that pit membranes were thinner in SH, which was paralleled by lower compound middle lamella thickness. Immunolabelling with JIM5 and JIM7 monoclonal antibodies surprisingly indicated that pectic homogalacturonans were not present in the mature pit membrane regardless of the light treatment. Porosity measurements conducted with scanning electron microscopy were significantly affected by the method used for sample dehydration. Drying through a gradual ethanol series seems to be a better alternative to drying directly from a hydrated state for pit membrane observations in poplar. Scanning electron microscopy based estimates of pit membrane porosity probably overestimated real porosity as suggested by the results from the ‘rare pit’ model.
The wheat Mla homologue TmMla1 exhibits an evolutionarily conserved function against powdery mildew in both wheat and barley
Authors: Jordan Tina , Seeholzer Sabine , Schwizer Simon , Töller Armin , Somssich Imre E. , Keller Beat 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe race‐specific barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) resistance gene Mla occurs as an allelic series and encodes CC‐NB‐LRR type resistance proteins. Inter‐generic allele mining resulted in the isolation and characterisation of an Mla homologue from diploid wheat, designated TmMla1, which shares 78% identity with barley HvMLA1 at the protein level. TmMla1 was found to be a functional resistance gene against Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in wheat, hereby providing an example of R gene orthologs controlling the same disease in two different species. TmMLA1 exhibits race‐specific resistance activity and its N‐terminal coiled‐coil domain interacts with the barley transcription factor HvWRKY1. Interestingly, TmMLA1 was not functional in barley transient assays. Replacement of the TmMLA1 LRR domain with that of HvMLA1 revealed that this fusion protein conferred resistance against B. graminis f. sp. hordei isolate K1 in barley. Thus, TmMLA1 not only confers resistance in wheat but possibly also in barley against an as yet unknown barley powdery mildew race. The conservation of functional R gene orthologs over at least 12 million years is surprising given the observed rapid breakdown of Mla‐based resistance against barley mildew in agricultural ecosystems. This suggests a high stability of Mla resistance in the natural environment before domestication.
Prevalence of the mutation in cyclophilin B (PPIB), a causal candidate gene for HERDA, among Quarter Horses in France
Authors: White Stephen D. , Bourdeau Patrick 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) in Quarter Horses is an inherited degenerative skin disease. Initially reported as hyperelastosis cutis, HERDA has a phenotype of hyperextensible, fragile skin, with secondary seromas, haematomas, ulcers and scarring. It primarily affects the dorsal aspect of the body. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is considered likely, with affected horses more at risk to produce affected offspring. A mutation in cyclophilin B (PPIB) as a novel, causal candidate gene for HERDA has been described, and verified as segregating with carriers and affected horses. Screening of control Quarter Horses in the USA has indicated a 3.5% carrier frequency. The prevalence of this mutation among Quarter Horses in France was determined to be 1.6%.
Effect of coated and non‐coated fatty acid supplementation on broiler chickens experimentally infected with Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Molatová Z. , Skřivanová E. , Baré J. , Houf K. , Bruggeman G. , Marounek M. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine whether and to what extent the supplementation of feed with a coated or non‐coated mixture of fatty acids (caprylic and capric acid) affects broiler chickens experimentally infected with Campylobacter jejuni. The study was carried out using 48 chickens divided into four experimental groups. Throughout the whole rearing period (1–42 days), the chickens were fed a diet supplemented with 0.25% caprylic and capric acid (1:1), coated or non‐coated. At the age of 14 and 28 days, chickens were orally challenged with C. jejuni. At regular time intervals post‐inoculation, the shedding of C. jejuni was assayed using quantitative real‐time PCR. Both supplements significantly decreased faecal C. jejuni counts by 1.2–4.1 log10 CFU/g 4 days post‐inoculation; after this time period, the effect of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFA) was less pronounced or absent. Campylobacter jejuni counts in excreta samples were significantly lower in chickens fed coated MCFA than in those fed non‐coated MCFA. No effect of MCFA on feed intake or growth of chickens was observed. In conclusion, (i) MCFA are active against C. jejuni and (ii) the encapsulation enhanced the efficacy of the acids. These results allow the recommendation of using MCFA as feed additives in chickens, preferably 2–3 days before slaughter.
Caecum odd‐numbered and branched‐chain fatty acid composition in response to dietary changes in fattening rabbits
Authors: Papadomichelakis G. , Mountzouris K. C. , Paraskevakis N. , Fegeros K. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe study aimed to describe the interactions between nutrition and caecal bacteria abundance using odd‐numbered and branched‐chain fatty acids (OBCFA). Following a 2 × 2 factorial design, 47 rabbits were fed diets with two levels of digestible fibre (DF, 180 vs. 260 g/kg DM) supplemented with soybean oil (SO, 20 g/kg) or not. At 77 days of age, fatty acid (FA) composition was determined in caecal contents. The microbial origin of OBCFA vs. dietary FA in caecal contents was illustrated by clustering of these FA in the loading plots of principal component analysis. The contribution of odd‐numbered FA in the OBCFA pattern was increased (p < 0.05) for high DF diets, whereas that of branched‐chain FA decreased (p < 0.05), indicating potential shifts in the relative abundance of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive fibrolytic bacteria respectively. Soybean oil reduced the relative importance of OBCFA (p < 0.001) in total microbial FA; however, its effects appeared to depend on the readily available fermentable substrate, as indicated by the DF × SO interactions (p < 0.001). In conclusion, OBCFA may be potentially used as markers of caecum function, but further detailed studies are necessary to validate their use as diagnostic tools in rabbit nutrition.
Pregnancies Following Artificial Insemination with Spermatozoa from Problem Stallion Ejaculates Processed by Single Layer Centrifugation with Androcoll‐E
Authors: Morrell JM , Mari G , Kútvölgyi G , Meurling S , Mislei B , Iacono E , Rodriguez‐Martinez H 
Published: November 2010

ContentsSome stallions produce ejaculates of low quality and/or low fertility when used for artificial insemination (AI). The purpose of these five case studies was to use Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC) to select the best spermatozoa from ‘problem’ ejaculates for subsequent use in AI. Sperm quality, in terms of motility, morphology and chromatin integrity, was improved in the SLC‐selected samples compared to the corresponding uncentrifuged samples, with the exception of one stallion thought to have ampullary stasis. In this stallion, neither the incidence of spermatozoa with detached heads nor the proportion of damaged chromatin was decreased by SLC, in contrast to previous results. Pregnancies were obtained after using SLC‐selected spermatozoa from the five stallions for AI, indicating that the spermatozoa were functional after SLC. Overall, the results suggest that SLC may be useful when preparing AI doses from some ‘problem’ ejaculates.
Triggering receptor (TREM‐1) expressed on myeloid cells predicts bacteremia better than clinical variables in community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: RUIZ‐GONZÁLEZ Agustin , ESQUERDA Aureli , FALGUERA Miquel , ABDULGHANI Nadia , CABEZAS Pamela , BIELSA Silvia , PORCEL José M. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Some clinical variables are associated with bacteremia in patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this study was to analyse the accuracy of the soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (sTREM‐1) to predict positive blood cultures in comparison with established clinical prognostic variables.Methods:  In addition to collecting clinical and laboratory information, a commercially available immunoassay kit was used to measure the serum sTREM‐1 levels on the first day of admit ion in patients with CAP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the ability of sTREM‐1 and commonly used clinical variables to identify bacteremia.Results:  Blood cultures yielded a pathogen in 13 (10.4%) out of 124 patient samples. The microorganisms isolated were Streptococcus pneumoniae (11 patients) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2 patients). The presence of pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia and extreme white cell count (WCC) were associated with bacteremia. However, ROC curve analysis showed an accuracy of sTREM‐1 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72–0.95), which was higher than pleuritic chest pain (AUC 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57–0.84), tachycardia (AUC 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58–0.88) and extreme WCC (AUC 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55–0.85) for predicting positive blood cultures. Low admission sTREM‐1 serum values had a high negative predictive value for excluding bacteremia (sTREM‐1 <120 pg/mL = 98.8%).Conclusions:  This preliminary study suggests that the determination of sTREM‐1 serum levels on admission may be more accurate than clinical variables for identifying bacteremic patients.
Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A clinicopathological analysis of 24 cases
Authors: Edgerton Neil , Sirintrapun S Joseph , Munoz Melissa , Chen Zhengjia , Osunkoya Adeboye O 
Published: November 2010

Objectives:  To stratify patients with micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder based on the percentage of micropapillary component and to correlate tumor volume with other clinicopathological features.Methods:  Cases of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder from 2002 to 2009 were identified. Only patients with available follow‐up information were included in the analysis. Tumor volumes were stratified based on the percentage of micropapillary component (<50%, >50% and 100%).Results:  Overall, 24 cases were analyzed. Mean patient age was 71 years (range 55–86 years), with a male to female ratio of 3:1. Six cases (6/24; 25%) were composed entirely of micropapillary component. A total of 12 cases (12/24; 50%) showed >50% micropapillary component. Six cases (6/24; 25%) showed <50% micropapillary component. A higher percentage of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma component was significantly associated with male sex, regional lymph node metastasis and pathological stage (P‐values = 0.0005, 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). The percentage of the micropapillary component was, however, unrelated to patients' survival.Conclusions:  The present study confirms that micropapillary urothelial bladder carcinoma is typically aggressive and presents with advanced stage disease in most cases. A quantification of the micropapillary component is to be recommended. An accurate diagnosis of this entity in relatively small biopsies or transurethral resection of bladder tumor specimens is especially critical to define the best treatment plan.
ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION USING A GRASPING‐TYPE SCISSORS FORCEPS FOR EARLY GASTRIC CANCERS AND ADENOMAS
Authors: Akahoshi Kazuya , Honda Kuniomi , Motomura Yasuaki , Kubokawa Masaru , Okamoto Risa , Osoegawa Takashi , Nakama Naotaka , Kashiwabara Yumi , Higuchi Naomi , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Oya Masafumi , Nakamura Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2010

Aim:  To reduce the risk of complications related to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using knives, we developed a new grasping‐type scissors forceps (GSF) that can grasp and incise the target tissue using electrosurgical current. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD using GSF for the removal of early gastric cancers and adenomas.Methods:  ESD using GSF was carried out on 35 consecutive patients with early gastric cancers or adenomas who had preoperative EUS diagnoses of mucosal tumor without lymph node involvement. Therapeutic efficacy and safety were assessed.Results:  All lesions were treated easily and safely without unexpected incision. The mean size of epithelial tumors and resected specimens was 15.6 mm and 32.7 mm, respectively. Curative en‐bloc resection rates according to tumor size and location were 96% (26/27) in tumors ≤20 mm, 100% (8/8) in tumors >20 mm, 100% (18/18) of tumors in the lower portion, 100% (8/8) of tumors in the middle portion, 89% (8/9) of tumors in the upper portion, and 97% (34/35) overall. The mean operating time according to tumor size and location was 93.4 min in tumors ≤20 mm, 140 min in tumors >20 mm, 77.6 min for tumors in the lower portion, 113.4 min for tumors in the middle portion, 148.6 min for tumors in the upper portion, and 104.1 min overall. No intraoperative complication occurred, and postoperative bleeding was seen in 3% (1/35).Conclusions:  ESD using GSF allows simple and safe en‐bloc resection of early gastric cancer or adenoma irrespective of tumor size and location.
NEW METHOD OF COVERED WALLSTENTS FOR DISTAL MALIGNANT BILIARY OBSTRUCTION TO REDUCE EARLY STENT‐RELATED COMPLICATIONS BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Nakai Yousuke , Isayama Hiroyuki , Togawa Osamu , Kogure Hirofumi , Tsujino Takeshi , Yagioka Hiroshi , Yashima Yoko , Sasaki Takashi , Ito Yukiko , Matsubara Saburo , Hirano Kenji , Sasahira Naoki , Toda Nobuo , Tada Minoru , Kawabe Takao , Omata Masao , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2010

Aim:  We previously reported a low occlusion rate with covered Wallstents for malignant biliary obstruction, but stent‐related complications other than occlusion posed a problem. A modified covered Wallstent insertion method based on stent characteristics was evaluated to reduce stent‐related complications.Methods:  A total of 138 patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction received covered Wallstent placement. From October 2001 to October 2003, 69 patients received covered Wallstent placement (Group 1). Thereafter, we modified our stent insertion method and 69 patients received stent placement using this modified method from November 2003 to January 2007 (Group 2). The modified insertion method consists of endoscopic sphincterotomy carried out in patients without pancreatic duct invasion and longer stent placement with the center of the stent located in the center of the biliary stricture to prevent pancreatitis, kinking of the bile duct, and stent dislocation. A comparative analysis was carried out using prospectively collected data in these two cohorts.Results:  Tumor ingrowth was not observed, and stent occlusion rate was 18.8% in Group 1 and 23.2% in Group 2. The overall rates of stent‐related complications did not differ (39.1% in Group 1 and 30.4% in Group 2), but stent‐related complications within 3 months decreased from 22 episodes in Group 1 to 13 episodes in Group 2. Median event‐free survival was prolonged by modified stent insertion method (125 days in Group 1 and 268 days in Group 2, P = 0.020), although cumulative survival and stent patency were not significantly different.Conclusions:  Our modified method of covered Wallstent placement showed improved event‐free survival.
Motivational Pursuits in the Context of Human Sexual Relationships
Authors: Cooper M. Lynne , Barber Lindsay L. , Zhaoyang Ruixue , Talley Amelia E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe current article examines how close relationships combine with individual differences in sex motives (Cooper, Shapiro, & Powers, 1998) to shape sexual experience. We first provide an overview of the motivational approach as it relates to sexual behavior and then describe 2 broad mechanisms (1 transactional, the other interactional) by which motives and relational context combine to shape behavior. Drawing on our past research, we review evidence showing that people select relationship contexts based partly on their motives and that these contexts in turn shape future motives and behavior; that partner motives shape sexual experience above and beyond one's own motives; and that both the broader relationship context and partner motives moderate the effects of one's own motives on sexual experience. We conclude that the nature of motivational pursuits cannot be adequately understood in the abstract, but rather we must take into account the relational context in which one's needs are pursued.
Retirement in Australia: A Closer Look at the Financial Incentives
Authors: Warren Diana , Oguzoglu Umut 
Published: November 2010

Abstract In Australia, labour force participation among older people has been declining. Previous research has found that in many OECD countries, the retirement income system actually provides a financial incentive for older workers to retire early. In this article, we model the retirement behaviour of Australian men and women aged between 55 and 70 years, where individuals retire in the period that the present value of their lifetime retirement income is maximised. Our findings suggest that the Australian retirement system does provide an incentive to retire early. However, men are much more likely than women to respond to these financial incentives.
TWO KINDS OF INTENTIONALITY IN LOCKE
Authors: SHAPIRO LIONEL 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIdeas play at least two roles in Locke's theory of the understanding. They are constituents of ‘propositions,’ and some of them ‘represent’ the qualities and sorts of surrounding bodies. I argue that each role involves a distinct kind of intentional directedness. The same idea will in general be an ‘idea of’ two different objects, in different senses of the expression. Identifying Locke's scheme of twofold ‘ofness’ reveals a common structure to his accounts of simple ideas and complex ideas of substances. A consequence is a distinction among substance sorts parallel to one of his distinctions between primary and secondary qualities.
TRANSPARENCY AND SENSORIMOTOR CONTINGENCIES: DO WE SEE THROUGH PHOTOGRAPHS?
Authors: NANAY BENCE 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIt has been claimed that photographs are transparent: we see through them; we literally see the photographed object through the photograph. Whether this claim is true depends on the way we conceive of seeing. There has been a controversy about whether localizing the perceived object in one's egocentric space is a necessary feature of seeing, as if it is, then photographs are unlikely to be transparent. I would like to propose and defend another, much weaker, necessary condition for seeing: I argue that it is necessary for seeing that there is at least one way for me to move such that if I were to move this way, my view of the perceived object would change continuously as I move. Since this condition is not satisfied in the case of seeing objects in photographs, photographs are not transparent.
Labor and the Geographic Reorganization of Container Shipping in the U.S.
Authors: JAFFEE DAVID 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe globalization of production and the geographic dispersion of economic activity have elevated the importance of the transportation and logistics sectors of the economy. One sector in particular that has experienced significant expansion is maritime transport and container shipping. As the cargo has become increasingly “discretionary” such that it can conceivably be transported through any port that allows intermodal access to the hinterland, the industry has become much more foot‐loose vis‐à‐vis a particular port of entry. The enhanced mobility of the cargo results in more intense port competition. One particular place to observe and study this dynamic is in the port and terminal selection of shippers and shipping lines and the role of port authorities in attempting to attract these carriers to their facilities. In this paper, the focus is on the role of labor and labor relations in such decisions. These issues will be studied in the context of the potential container traffic rerouting from the West to the East Coast of the U.S. and, as an illustrative case study, how these developments have played out for the East Coast port of Jacksonville, Florida.