bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and risk for depression among the elderly: a meta-analysis of the published literature
Authors: Zhao Ke-Xiang , Huang Chang-Quan , Xiao Qian , Gao Yuan , Liu Qing-Xiu , Wang Zheng-Rong , Li Yong-Hong , Xie Yi-Zhou 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine the relationship between age and risk for depression among the old and the oldest old.MethodMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were used to identify potential studies. The studies were divided into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets. For each study, the numbers of the total participants, cases (for cross-sectional study), or incident cases (for longitudinal study) of depression in each age group were extracted and entered into Review Manager 4.2 software. Qualitative meta-analyses of cross-sectional studies and of longitudinal studies were performed. For prevalence and incidence rates of depression, odds risk (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated, respectively.ResultsThe qualitative meta-analyses showed that, compared with younger participants (above vs. below 65 years, above vs. below 70 years, above vs. below 75 years, and above vs. below 80 years), older age groups had a significantly higher risk for depression. (All of the ORs and RRs were significant.) Compared with participants aged 55–89, those aged above 90 years had no higher risk for depression. (Neither the OR nor the RR was significant.)ConclusionsDespite the methodological limitations of this meta-analysis, older age appears to be an important risk factor for depression in the general elderly population (aged below 80 years), but not in the oldest population (aged above 85 years).
Relationships among advance directives, principal diagnoses, and discharge outcomes in critically ill older adults
Authors: Yoo Ji Won , Nakagawa Shunichi , Kim Sulgi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among advance directive status, principal diagnoses, and the discharge outcomes in community-dwelling, critically ill older adults.Method:Using administrative and clinical data (n = 1673), multinomial logit regressions were used to examine the relationships among advance directive status, principal diagnoses, and discharge outcomes (in-hospital deaths, hospice discharges, and transition to institutions).Results:In the overall sample, the adjusted probability of in-hospital deaths with advance directives (12%) was lower than that without advance directives (17%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.56; p = 0.007) and the adjusted probability of hospice discharges with advance directives (11%) was higher than that without advance directives (7%; OR = 1.96; p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis showed that the magnitude of the abovementioned changes was aggregated when their principal diagnoses were a group of diseases with more difficult prognostication (circulatory and respiratory diseases) and more potential for reversibility (infectious diseases). By contrast, the magnitude of the abovementioned findings was diminished with other principal diagnoses. On the other hand, the presence of advance directives did not make a contribution to transition from communities to institutions.Significance of results:Significantly fewer in-hospital deaths in addition to higher hospice discharges were observed with any advance directives in community-dwelling, critically ill older adults. The magnitude of these findings was aggregated when their principal diagnoses were a group of diseases with more difficult prognostication (circulatory and respiratory diseases) and more potential for reversibility (infectious diseases). By contrast, the magnitude of these findings was diminished with other principal diagnoses.
Late Ordovician–Early Silurian δ13C chemostratigraphy in the Upper Mississippi Valley: implications for chronostratigraphy and depositional interpretations
Authors: Bergström Stig M. , Kleffner Mark , Schmitz Birger 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTA pioneer study of the previously unknown δ13C chemostratigraphy in the Ordovician/Silurian boundary interval in eastern Iowa and northeastern Illinois resulted in the discovery of the Hirnantian Isotope Carbon Excursion (HICE). The presence of this major isotope excursion in the Mosalem Formation in Iowa and the Wilhelmi Formation in Illinois, which indicates that the excursion interval in these units is of Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) rather than Early Silurian age, necessitates a revised chronostratigraphic classification of these units. Although the precise level of the Ordovician/Silurian boundary remains somewhat uncertain in the absence of the diagnostic graptolites, it is herein placed in the upper part, but well below the top, of the Mosalem Formation and at the top of the Wilhelmi Formation. During a major regression following the deposition of the Maquoketa Shale, the upper part of the latter clastic unit was in some places deeply eroded, resulting in a topographically dissected landscape with upland areas separated by wide incised valleys. During a subsequent late Hirnantian transgression, these palaeovalleys were gradually filled with marine sediments, but the upland areas were not transgressed until earliest Silurian times. The new chemostratigraphical evidence is in good agreement with the available biostratigraphical data, especially from corals, conodonts, and brachiopods. A preliminary chemostratigraphical study of the presumably coeval Edgewood Group successions in Pike County, northeastern Missouri failed to document any heavy δ13C values characteristic of the HICE and some, or all, of the Hirnantian values obtained there may be diagenetically overprinted.
Magnetotelluric monitoring of a fluid injection: Example from an enhanced geothermal system
Authors: Peacock J. R. , Thiel S. , Reid P. , Heinson G. 
Published: August 2012

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are on the verge of becoming commercially viable for power production, where advancements in subsurface characterization are imperative to develop EGS into a competitive industry. Theory of an EGS is simple, pump fluids into thermally enhanced lithology and extract the hot fluids to produce energy. One significant complication in EGS development is estimating where injected fluids flow in the subsurface. Micro‐seismic surveys can provide information about where fractures opened, but not fracture connectivity nor fluid inclusion. Electromagnetic methods are sensitive to conductivity contrasts and can be used as a supplementary tool to delineate reservoir boundaries. In July, 2011, an injection test for a 3.6 km deep EGS at Paralana, South Australia was continuously monitored by both micro‐seismic and magnetotellurics (MT). Presented are the first results from continuous MT measurements suggesting transient variations in subsurface conductivity structure generated from the introduction of fluids at depth can be measured. Furthermore, phase tensor representation of the time dependent MT response suggests fluids migrated in a NE direction from the injection well. Results from this experiment supports the extension of MT to a monitoring tool for not only EGS but other hydraulic stimulations.
The role of triggering by static stress transfer during geothermal reservoir stimulation
Authors: Schoenball M. , Baujard C. , Kohl T. , Dorbath L. 
Published: August 2012

During creation of an Enhanced Geothermal System, massive fluid injections are conducted to induce fracture shear which generates reservoir permeability. In this study we analyze coseismic static stress transfer caused by induced seismic events during a stimulation at the European research project at Soultz‐sous‐Forêts (Alsace, France). For this purpose we developed an efficient method to calculate coseismic static stress changes from an elliptical slip distribution on a circular fracture using superposition of rectangular sources, which enables us to apply an analytical solution for fast computation. This method is applied on a data set of 715 focal mechanisms derived from seismic recordings of the stimulation of the well GPK2 to calculate temporal evolution of static stress transfer. We find that the resulting structure of coseismic stress changes can be divided into three parts: a quiet zone where no spreading of seismicity occurs, an active zone within the created reservoir with ongoing fracturing and a process zone where the growth of the reservoir occurs. Static stress changes in the active zone are of the order of 1 MPa, both positive and negative, but may exceed this value considerably on a local scale. Analysis of stress changes from a cluster of events that occurred after shut‐in lets us conclude that triggering by coseismic static stress changes is possible for some events. Our analysis shows that triggering by static stress transfer plays a minor role for injection induced seismicity in a volumetric reservoir, whereas it can be quite effective for rupture propagation along single large fault zones.
Operational approach to open dynamics and quantifying initial correlations
Authors: Modi Kavan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA central aim of physics is to describe the dynamics of physical systems. Schrödinger's equation does this for isolated quantum systems. Describing the time evolution of a quantum system that interacts with its environment, in its most general form, has proved to be difficult because the dynamics is dependent on the state of the environment and the correlations with it. For discrete processes, such as quantum gates or chemical reactions, quantum process tomography provides the complete description of the dynamics, provided that the initial states of the system and the environment are independent of each other. However, many physical systems are correlated with the environment at the beginning of the experiment. Here, we give a prescription of quantum process tomography that yields the complete description of the dynamics of the system even when the initial correlations are present. Surprisingly, our method also gives quantitative expressions for the initial correlation.
9D nonadiabatic quantum dynamics through a four-state conical intersection: Investigating the homolysis of the O–O bond in anthracene-9,10-endoperoxide
Authors: Assmann Mariana , Worth Graham A. , González Leticia 
Published: August 2012

The excited state dynamics of anthracene-9,10-endoperoxide is investigated using quantum wavepacket dynamics. APO is an aromatic endoperoxide which, upon excitation to S1, shows a cleavage of the oxygen–oxygen bond, leading to rearrangement products. It was shown that the dynamics of the O–O cleavage is modulated by a four-state degeneracy [D. Mollenhauer, I. Corral, and L. González, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 1036 (2010)]10.1021/jz100196q. The most important mode to describe the O–O cleavage is the opening of the O–O bond. Excitation to higher excited states Sn (n ⩾ 2) leads to the release of singlet molecular oxygen. For this release, the twist of the oxygen atoms around the molecular axis is an important mode. These two degrees of freedom were employed to calculate two-dimensional potential energy surfaces for the four singlet states which become degenerate. Further modes were included in terms of harmonic oscillators. Using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method, quantum dynamic simulations were performed in up to nine degrees of freedom. Moreover, the nine branching space vectors, which prove the degeneracy to be a four-state conical intersection (4CI), were calculated and included in the wavepacket propagations. The resulting dynamics show that the 4CI is reached very fast (in less than 30 fs after excitation) and the wavepacket distributes over all states. The degree of distribution into the states is very much dependent on which modes are included in the simulation.
The sticking probability of D2O-water on ice: Isotope effects and the influence of vibrational excitation
Authors: Morten Hundt P. , Bisson Régis , Beck Rainer D. 
Published: August 2012

The present study measures the sticking probability of heavy water (D2O) on H2O- and on D2O-ice and probes the influence of selective OD-stretch excitation on D2O sticking on these ices. Molecular beam techniques are combined with infrared laser excitation to allow for precise control of incident angle, translational energy, and vibrational state of the incident molecules. For a translational energy of 69 kJ/mol and large incident angles (θ ≥ 45°), the sticking probability of D2O on H2O-ice was found to be 1% lower than on D2O-ice. OD-stretch excitation by IR laser pumping of the incident D2O molecules produces no detectable change of the D2O sticking probability (&lt;10−3). The results are compared with other gas/surface systems for which the effect of vibrational excitation on trapping has been probed experimentally.
Metallic Coulomb blockade thermometry down to 10 mK and below
Authors: Casparis L. , Meschke M. , Maradan D. , Clark A. C. , Scheller C. P. , Schwarzwälder K. K. , Pekola J. P. , Zumbühl D. M. 
Published: August 2012

We present an improved nuclear refrigerator reaching 0.3 mK, aimed at microkelvin nanoelectronic experiments, and use it to investigate metallic Coulomb blockade thermometers (CBTs) with various resistances R. The high-R devices cool to slightly lower T, consistent with better isolation from the noise environment, and exhibit electron-phonon cooling ∝ T 5 and a residual heat-leak of 40 aW. In contrast, the low-R CBTs display cooling with a clearly weaker T-dependence, deviating from the electron-phonon mechanism. The CBTs agree excellently with the refrigerator temperature above 20 mK and reach a minimum-T of 7.5 ± 0.2 mK.
Quantifying Salmon‐Derived Nutrient Loads from the Mortality of Hatchery‐Origin Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Snake River Basin
Authors: Warren Dana R. , McClure Michelle M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHatchery supplementation of anadromous salmon is extensive across the Pacific Northwest region with millions of juvenile salmon stocked annually. The influence of hatchery‐origin fish as prey items in recipient ecosystems has been explored, but influences of these fish on broader stream nutrient dynamics has not been well‐studied. Salmon‐derived nutrients (SDN) associated with the mortality of adult anadromous salmon provide key subsidies to freshwater habitats. While a number of studies have estimated current and historic SDN loading from returning wild salmon, SDN contributions from the mortality of hatchery‐origin juveniles (many of which die in the stream prior to emigration) remains largely unknown. We conducted a mass balance analysis of SDN input and export via hatchery activities (stocking and broodstock collection) in the Snake River watershed. Using Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha as a model species, we accounted for yearly SDN input (via hatchery‐origin juvenile fish mortality) and export (via broodstock collections and presmolt growth) over 6 years (2002–2007) in the portion of the Snake River upstream from Lower Granite Dam accessible to anadromous fish. In the year with highest smolt mortality (2003), hatchery‐origin smolt mortality provided a net input of SDN equivalent to approximately 8,100 returning adults. In the year with lowest smolt mortality (2004), hatchery activities collectively yielded a net loss of nutrients. Although the mass of SDN from hatchery‐origin smolts may be presented in adult equivalencies, functional influences of SDN from hatchery smolt mortality are likely to differ. Salmon‐derived nutrients from hatcheries enter food webs through largely piscivorous pathways whereas SDN from adult carcasses enter food webs through multiple pathways at multiple trophic levels. The SDN from hatchery‐origin smolts probably influence different components of the food web more than do adult carcasses and have the potential to more directly affect predator populations.
Long‐term benefits of immunoadsorption in β1‐adrenoceptor autoantibody‐positive transplant candidates with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dandel Michael , Wallukat Gerd , Englert Angela , Lehmkuhl Hans B. , Knosalla Christoph , Hetzer Roland 
Published: August 2012

AimsProlongation of waiting times for heart transplantation (HTx) increases the need for new therapies. In short‐term follow‐up studies, immunoadsorption (IA) appeared beneficial in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated with β1‐adrenoreceptor‐autoantibodies (β1‐AABs). This study aimed to investigate the long‐term benefits of IA in HTx candidates with DCM, patients' responsiveness to IA, and the impact of β1‐AAB removal on IA results.Methods and resultsIn a single‐centre retrospective study of prospectively gathered information we evaluated all β1‐AAB‐positive and ‐negative HTx candidates with end‐stage DCM [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <30%] who underwent IA between 1995 and 2005 (follow‐up thereafter: 5.3–14.7 years). As controls we used all β1‐AAB‐positive DCM patients referred for HTx during the same time period who received no IA therapy. We also looked for differences in efficacy between unspecific IA (unselective antibody removal) and specific IA (selective β1‐AAB removal). The main outcome measures were cardiac function and HTx/ventricular assist device (VAD)‐free patient survival. The probability for 5‐year HTx/VAD‐free survival for the108 β1‐AAB‐positive DCM patients who underwent unspecific IA reached 69.4 ± 4.4% and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than for both β1‐AAB‐positive DCM patients without IA (25.4 ± 11.4%) and β1‐AAB‐negative DCM patients who also underwent IA (47.4 ± 11.5). In patients with high β1‐AAB levels, unspecific and specific IA showed the same high efficiency in β1‐AAB removal. LVEF and New York Heart Assocation class improved (P < 0.01) after both, but without differences in improvement after specific or unspecific IA. The prevalence of responders to specific and unspecific IA was similar (78.3% vs. 79.6%). In 76% of the patients with β1‐AAB reappearance, redetection of AABs coincided with worsening of cardiac function.ConclusionsRemoval of β1‐AABs by specific or unspecific IA can improve cardiac function allowing long‐term stability in end‐stage DCM, which can spare many patients from HTx or will delay HTx listing for years. In β1‐AAB‐positive DCM patients the benefits of IA appeared to be associated with the removal of these antibodies.
A comparative analysis of marine fish species susceptibilities to discard mortality: effects of environmental factors, individual traits, and phylogeny
Authors: Benoît Hugues P. , Plante Sébastien , Kroiz Molly , Hurlbut Thomas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBenoît, H. P., Plante, S., Kroiz, M., and Hurlbut, T. 2013. A comparative analysis of marine fish species susceptibilities to discard mortality: effects of environmental factors, individual traits, and phylogeny. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:99–113. Determining the sustainability of fishing mortality for discards requires information on discard amounts as well as capture and release mortality rates. Formal estimates of these rates are costly and only available for a limited number of species and fisheries. In their absence, proxies for discard mortality could inform risk assessments of fishing mortality sustainability for discarded species. Here, time-to-mortality (TM) was assessed for 48 marine fish species exposed to air following capture during an annual multi-species bottom-trawl survey. Species-specific estimates of TM were related qualitatively to more formal estimates of discard mortality from commercial fisheries, confirming the use of TM as a proxy. The effects on TM of species and individual traits, phylogenetic similarity (proxy for traits not explicitly included in the analysis) and environmental factors related to capture were also assessed. Much of the observed individual variability was explained by intraspecific and interspecific positive relationships between body size and TM. Sedentary species and those lacking a gas bladder or deciduous scales had greater TM. Effects of phylogeny and capture depth and temperature were also found. This study demonstrates how reliable proxies of discard mortality rate can be readily obtained in the field or estimated from relevant covariates.
Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Chinese Soft Wheat Flours and Their Relationships with Cookie‐Making Quality
Authors: Geng Zhiming , Zhang Pingping , Yao Jinbao , Yang Dan , Ma Hongxiang , Rayas‐Duarte Patricia 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe relationship of solvent retention capacity (SRC) values with four solvents, alveograph and farinograph properties, and cookie‐baking performance was evaluated with 20 Chinese soft wheat genotypes, including four cultivars and 16 advanced lines grown in the 2009–2010 season. Significant positive correlations were observed between water SRC (WSRC), sodium carbonate SRC (SOSRC), lactic acid SRC, and sucrose SRC (SUSRC) values. WSRC, SUSRC, and SOSRC showed significant positive correlations with farinograph water absorption (WA), alveograph P (tenacity), and P/L (ratio of tenacity to extensibility). Cookie diameter was significantly correlated with wet gluten (r = –0.491, P < 0.05), WSRC (r = –0.882, P < 0.001), SUSRC (r = –0.620, P < 0.01), SOSRC (r = –0.712, P < 0.001), P (r = –0.787, P < 0.001), L (r = 0.616, P < 0.01), P/L (r = –0.766, P < 0.001) and WA (r = –0.620, P < 0.01), respectively. SRC values were effective predictors of cookie quality in Chinese soft wheat. Alveograph parameters were more closely correlated to cookie quality than were farinograph parameters.
Environmental factors regulating the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs
Authors: DeBoer Jason A. , Pope Kevin L. , Koupal Keith D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the environmental factors that regulate fish recruitment is essential for effective management of fisheries. Generally, first‐year survival, and therefore recruitment, is inherently less consistent in systems with high intra‐ and interannual variability. Irrigation reservoirs display sporadic patterns of annual drawdown, which can pose a substantial challenge to recruitment of fishes. We developed species‐specific models using an 18‐year data set compiled from state and federal agencies to investigate variables that regulate the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs in south‐west Nebraska, USA. The candidate model set for walleye included only abiotic variables (water‐level elevation, minimum daily air temperature during winter prior to hatching, annual precipitation, spring warming rate and May reservoir discharge), and the candidate model set for white bass included primarily biotic variables (catch per unit effort (CPUE) of black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, CPUE of age‐0 walleye, CPUE of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and CPUE of age‐3 and older white bass), each of which had a greater relative importance than the single abiotic variable (minimum daily air temperature during winter after hatching). Our findings improve the understanding of the recruitment of fishes in irrigation reservoirs and the relative roles of abiotic and biotic factors.