bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Thermomechanical Properties of Melt‐Mixed Polyoxymethylene/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanocomposites
Authors: Sánchez‐Soto Miguel , Illescas Silvia , Milliman Henry , Schiraldi David A. , Arostegui Asier 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influence of the functionalization of fully condensed POSS cages on the properties of POM‐based nanocomposites is studied. POSS with different organic substituents [glycidylethyl, aminopropylisobutyl, and poly(ethylene glycol)] are taken into account and melt mixed with POM. Good dispersion was achieved upon the addition of amino functionalized POSS, leading to an increase on the thermal decomposition temperature under nitrogen atmosphere up to 50 °C. However, µm‐size aggregates were observed for other nanocomposites. There is no significant change in other thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The relationships among these effects and the morphological characteristics of the systems were analyzed.magnified image
Effect of Nanoclay Incorporation on the Thermal Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Liquid Crystal Polymer Blends
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Jayita , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Bousmina Mosto 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of OMLS incorporation on the thermal properties of PET/LCP blends is studied. Pure and OMLS‐modified PET/LCP blends were prepared by melt‐extrusion using twin‐screw extruder. The morphological analyses of PET/LCP blends show that OMLS addition enhances the phase‐separated structure of the pure blend. A detailed study on the thermal properties of the pure and OMLS‐modified PET/LCP blends were carried out by means of DSC in both conventional and modulation modes. Results show a complex melting behaviour comprises of successive melting and re‐crystallisation. Finally, non‐isothermal crystal‐growth kinetics of pure and OMLS‐modified blends were investigated.magnified image
Autosomal dominant restless legs syndrome maps to chromosome 20p13 (RLS‐5) in a Dutch kindred
Authors: Sas Antonetta M.G. , Di Fonzo Alessio , Bakker Stef L.M. , Simons Erik J. , Oostra Ben A. , Maat‐Kievit Anneke J. , Boon Agnita J.W. , Bonifati Vincenzo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSix chromosomal loci have been mapped for restless legs syndrome (RLS) through family‐based linkage analysis (RLS‐1 to RLS‐6), but confirmation has met with limited success, and causative mutations have not yet been identified. We ascertained a large multigenerational Dutch family with RLS of early onset (average 18 years‐old). The clinical study included a follow‐up of 2 years. To map the underlying genetic defect, we performed a genome‐wide scan for linkage using high‐density SNP microarrays. A single, strong linkage peak was detected on chromosome 20p13, under an autosomal‐dominant model, in the region of the RLS‐5 locus (maximum multipoint LOD score 3.02). Haplotype analysis refined the RLS‐5 critical region from 5.2 to 4.5 megabases. In conclusion, we provide the first confirmation of the RLS‐5 locus, and we reduce its critical region. The identification of the underlying mutation might reveal an important susceptibility gene for this common movement disorder. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Conformational analysis of cis‐3, 5‐dioxa‐bicyclo[5.4.0]undecane and its 4‐substituted derivatives by DNMR, molecular modeling, and GIAO/DFT methods
Authors: Migda Wojciech , Stankiewicz Anna , Szneler Edward , Ulman Lucyna , Rys Barbara 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTemperature‐dependent 1H and 13C‐NMR spectra of the title compounds are presented. Coalescence effects are discussed and assigned to dynamic process—the interconversion of bicyclic system. The free energies of activation covered the range 39–52 kJ/mol. The dioxepane ring adopts twist‐chair (TC) conformation. GIAO/DFT calculation of isotropic shieldings for the set of low‐energy conformations showed that only one conformer is present at 298 K in solution that matched well with experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signs and symptoms versus nerve conduction studies to diagnose diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: Cl vs. NPhys trial
Authors: Dyck Peter J. , Overland Carol J. , Low Phillip A. , Litchy William J. , Davies Jenny L. , Dyck P. James B. , O'Brien Peter C. ,   (Coordinating Committee) for the Cl vs. NPhys Trial Investigators (see Appendix for additional authors)
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe purpose was to test whether physicians can validly and reproducibly diagnose diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Twelve physicians assessed 24 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) on consecutive days (576 examinations) with physical features and voice disguised. Results were compared to gold standard 75% group diagnosis (dx) and a nerve conduction score (Σ5 NC nds). Masking of patients was achieved. Reproducibility measured by the kappa coefficient and compared to Σ5 NC nd varied considerably among physicians: median and ranges: signs 0.8 (0.32–1.0); symptoms 0.79 (0.36–1.0), and diagnoses 0.47 (0.33–0.84), both low and high scores indicating poor performance. There was substantial agreement between 75% group dx and confirmed NC abnormality (abn). As compared to Σ5 NC, individual physicians' clinical dx was excessively variable and frequently inaccurate. Study physician dx from signs and symptoms were excessively variable, often overestimating DSPN. Specific approaches to improving clinical proficiency should be tested. Muscle Nerve 42:157–164, 2010
Organische Chemie 2006
Authors: Bräse Stefan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie organische Chemie zeigt einmal mehr ihre Vielseitigkeit: Stereoselektive Synthesen in ionischen Flüssigkeiten, Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen in Containermolekülen, metallorganische Reaktionen mit schweren Erdalkalimetallen, eine organokatalytische Kaskade. Kohlendioxid schaltet Emulgatoren, der Naturstoff Platensimycin wirkt gegen Staphylokokken, Acetyl‐CoA‐Carboxylase dient als Target im Pflanzenschutz. Kristallstrukturen von Fettsäuresynthasen und einer Nicht‐Häm‐Eisenhalogenase erregen Aufsehen.
Biochemie und Molekularbiologie 2006
Authors: Mootz Henning , Schwarzer Dirk 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMethoden zur Herstellung synthetischer und semisynthetischer Proteine mit fast beliebigen chemischen Modifikationen sind unentbehrlich, wenn es um die Klärung von Fragen zur Proteinfunktion geht. Die Strukturaufklärung des Hammerhead‐Ribozyms hilft, katalytisch aktive RNA zu verstehen. Immer häufiger werden auch komplexere RNA‐Schalter entdeckt. Es gelang der Blick auf die atomaren Details der Wechselwirkung zwischen mRNA und tRNA.
Physikalische Chemie 2006
Authors: Havenith‐Neven Martina , Kleinermann Karl , Koop Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWasser hält immer wieder Überraschungen bereit, sei es in molekularen Clustern, als Hydrationswasser an der Oberfläche von Proteinen und Zuckern oder als Eiskristalle in Wolken. Damit wird Wasser auch für die biochemische Forschung und für Klimastudien interessant. Immer vielfältiger werden die Einsatzfelder spektroskopischer Methoden (NMR, EPR, Raman).
Technische Chemie 2006
Authors: Gläser Roger , Kamm. Birgit , Turek Thomas , Wach Wolfgang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Wandel der Rohstoffbasis in der chemischen Industrie spielte 2006 eine dominierende Rolle für die technische Chemie. Dazu kommen Entwicklungen in der Reaktionstechnik, der Prozessintensivierung, der heterogenen Katalyse und der industriellen Biotechnologie.
Makromolekulare Chemie 2006
Authors: Börner Hans G. , Schlaad Helmut , Taubert Andreas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMakromoleküle sind “intelligent” geworden, bilden anspruchsvolle Strukturen und erfüllen immer komplexere Funktionen. Besonders stark entwickeln sich in der Grundlagenforschung biologisch inspirierte Polymere und Biohybride. Sie bieten enormes Anwendungspotential.
Chemiedidaktik 2006
Authors: Becker Hans‐Jürgen , Labahn Bettina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie schulchemische Bildungslandschaft wird vom Pisa‐Geist gestaltet. Output‐Kontrollen, Schul‐ und Unterrichtsinspektionen, Kompetenzexpertisen, Standarddiskussionen liegen als Kräfte einer geforderten Qualitätsoffensive im Trend. Chemiedidaktik ist herausgefordert, die Effektivität ihrer Lehre zu überprüfen. Dieser Anspruch ist hoch.
Festkörperchemie 2006
Authors: Kienzle Lorenz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie präparative anorganische Festkörperchemie überrascht mit einer Vielfalt an Wegen zu neuen Strukturen. Die Charakterisierung schlägt die Brücke von der lokalen Struktur zu repräsentativen Modellen komplexer Feststoffe. Trotz neuer Erkenntnisse ist das Rätsel um den Mechanismus der Hochtemperatursupraleitung noch ungelöst.
Von der Umweltanalytik zur medizinischen Diagnostik
Authors: Gauglitz Günter , Kaeppel Nina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDas vollständig automatisierte Biosensorsystem Awacss prüft Gewässer auf schädliche organische Substanzen. Für das Projekt Care‐man entwickelt sich der optische Sensor zum Diagnosegerät in der Klinik.
Wörter filtrieren, destillieren, kondensieren und drucken
Authors: Rabe Christiane 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDen Abschluss in Chemie in der Tasche; eine langwierige, manchmal Kraft zehrende Promotion drangehängt; anschließend eine Postdoc‐Stelle im Ausland angetreten – um dann das Labor zu verlassen und ein neues Leben im Verlag anzufangen?
Mit kleinem Einsatz große Gewinne machen
Authors: Amouretti Xavier , Lovrinovic Marina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractForschungslabors spielen solange mit verschiedenen Substanzen, bis sie neue Wirkstoffe gefunden haben. Dabei helfen sowohl automatisiertes Hochdurchsatzscreening als auch möglichst flexibel einsetzbare Geräte.
Global space–time multiquadric method for inverse heat conduction problem
Authors: Li Zi , Mao Xian‐Zhong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a radial basis collocation method (RBCM) based on the global space–time multiquadric (MQ) is proposed to solve the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). The global MQ is simply constructed by incorporating time dimension into the MQ function as a new variable in radial coordinate. The method approximates the IHCP as an over‐determined linear system with the use of two sets of collocation points: one is satisfied with the governing equation and another is for the given conditions. The least‐square technique is introduced to find the solution of the over‐determined linear system. The present work investigates two types of the ill‐posed heat conduction problems: the IHCP to recover the surface temperature and heat flux history on a source point from the measurement data at interior locations, and the backward heat conduction problem (BHCP) to retrieve the initial temperature distribution from the known temperature distribution at a given time. Numerical results of four benchmark examples show that the proposed method can provide accurate and stable numerical solutions for one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional IHCP problems. The sensitivity of the method with respect to the measured data, location of measurement, time step, shape parameter and scaling factor is also investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stale in the pulpit? Leader tenure and the relationship between market growth strategy and church performance
Authors: Davis Justin L. , Bell R. Greg , Payne G. Tyge 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Taking a strategic choice perspective, the current study examines leader tenure and the growth implications of pursuing a market penetration versus market development strategy in a church setting. Using cross‐sectional time series regression analyses of 1415 church organizations over a period of 6 years, study findings demonstrate the influence of leader tenure on both financial and non‐financial church performance, but provide minimal evidence supporting the argument that the selected market strategy matters to organizational performance outcomes in churches.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exceptional rates of dental caries in a scandinavian Early Iron Age population—A study of dental pathology at Alvastra, Östergötland, Sweden
Authors: Liebe‐Harkort Carola 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe dental status of Early Iron Age agricultural populations in Sweden has not been extensively documented. The aim of this study was to record caries status in human remains from an Early Iron Age burial ground, Smörkullen, at Alvastra, Östergötland, Sweden. The study included 96 adults and 50 subadults and comprised 1794 permanent teeth in the adults and 468 permanent and 221 deciduous teeth in the subadults. The caries frequency was exceptionally high, afflicting most of the adults (92.6%): 46.2% of the teeth examined showed signs of caries disease. Most of the lesions were shallow. However, around 60% of the adult individuals had moderate and severe lesions, which probably had an immediate impact on health. Lesions were most common in the cervical region and this is probably related to dietary patterns where the starchy, sticky food tended to accumulate around the necks of the teeth. Children showed low caries frequency, whereas most juveniles (91.7%) were affected. Most of the teeth with alveolar bone loss showed no signs of cervical or root caries lesions. However, in cases of moderate and severe loss of alveolar bone, seen mostly in the older age group, the frequency of cervical and root lesions was higher. Few initial caries lesions were observed, indicating an aggressive pattern of disease in this population. The lack of gender‐related differences suggests that the diet was similar for both sexes, across all age groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rear side passivation of PERC‐type solar cells by wet oxides grown from purified steam
Authors: Benick J. , Zimmermann K. , Spiegelman J. , Hermle M. , Glunz S. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo considerably improve the conversion efficiency of industrial solar cells, the effective passivation of the rear surface is a prerequisite. Thermal grown silicon oxides provide an excellent level of surface passivation on lowly doped p‐type surfaces. However, dry thermal oxidation processes require relatively high temperatures (∼1000°C) and, due to the low growth rate, long process times. To decrease both oxidation temperature and process time, the dry oxidation process can be replaced by a wet oxidation. The most common way to introduce high purity water vapor into the oxidation tube is the pyrolytic generation from high purity gases (H2 and O2). A more easy and cost effective option for the supply of water vapor that was applied within this work is the direct purification of steam. The passivation quality of dry and wet oxides, the latter grown from pyrolytic generated water vapor and purified steam was compared within this work. The passivation quality obtained for the wet oxides grown from purified steam was found to be comparable to those oxides grown from pyrolytic generated water vapor. On laser fired contacts (LFC) solar cells conversion efficiencies well above 20% could be achieved independent of the oxide that was applied for the rear side passivation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential metabolic response of cultured rice (Oryza sativa) cells exposed to high‐ and low‐temperature stress
Authors: Gammulla Chumithri Gayani , Pascovici Dana , Atwell Brian J. , Haynes Paul A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGlobal mean temperatures are expected to rise by 2–4.5°C by 2100, accompanied by an increase in frequency and amplitude of extreme temperature events. Greater climatic extremes and an expanded range of cultivation will expose rice to increasing stress in the future. Understanding gene expression in disparate thermal regimes is important for the engineering of cultivars with tolerance to nonoptimal temperatures. Our study investigated the proteomic responses of rice cell suspension cultures to sudden temperature changes. Cell cultures grown at 28°C were subjected to 3‐day exposure to 12 or 20°C for low‐temperature stress, and 36 or 44°C for high‐temperature stress. Quantitative label‐free shotgun proteomic analysis was performed on biological triplicates of each treatment. Over 1900 proteins were expressed in one or more temperature treatments, and, of these, more than 850 were found to be responsive to either of the temperature extremes. These temperature‐responsive proteins included more than 300 proteins which were uniquely expressed at either 12 or 44°C. Our study also identified 40 novel stress–response proteins and observed that switching between the classical and the alternative pathways of sucrose metabolism occurs in response to extremes of temperature.
Assessment of downstream effectors of BCR/ABL protein tyrosine kinase using combined proteomic approaches
Authors: Lee Chia Fang , Griffiths Stephen , Rodríguez‐Suárez Eva , Pierce Andrew , Unwin Richard D. , Jaworska Ewa , Evans Caroline A. , J. Gaskell Simon , Whetton Anthony D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLeukaemic transformation is frequently associated with the aberrant activity of a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK). As such it is of clinical relevance to be able to map the effects of these leukaemogenic PTKs on haemopoietic cells at the level of phosphorylation modulation. In this paradigm study we have employed a range of proteomic approaches to analyse the effects of one such PTK, BCR/ABL. We have employed phosphoproteome enrichment techniques allied to peptide and protein quantification to identify proteins and pathways involved in cellular transformation. Amongst the proteins shown to be regulated at the post‐translational level were cofilin, an actin‐severing protein thus linked to altered motility and Cbl an E3 ubiquitin ligase integrally linked to the control of tyrosine kinase signalling (regulated by 5 and 6 PTKs respectively). The major class of proteins identified however were molecular chaperones. We also showed that HSP90 phosphorylation is altered by BCR/ABL action and that HSP90 plays a crucial role in oncogene stability. Further investigation with another six leukaemogenic PTKs demonstrates that this HSP90 role in oncogene stability appears to be a common phenomenon in a range of leukaemias. This opens up the potential opportunity to treat different leukaemias with HSP90 inhibitors.
Is a gene‐centric human proteome project the best way for proteomics to serve biology?
Authors: Rabilloud Thierry , Hochstrasser Denis , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWith the recent developments in proteomic technologies, a complete human proteome project (HPP) appears feasible for the first time. However, there is still debate as to how it should be designed and what it should encompass. In “proteomics speak”, the debate revolves around the central question as to whether a gene‐centric or a protein‐centric proteomics approach is the most appropriate way forward. In this paper, we try to shed light on what these definitions mean, how large‐scale proteomics such as a HPP can insert into the larger omics chorus, and what we can reasonably expect from a HPP in the way it has been proposed so far.
Gradient‐based scales and similarity laws in the stable boundary layer
Authors: Sorbjan Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree gradient‐based scaling systems for the stably stratified boundary layer are introduced and examined by using data collected during the SHEBA field programme in the Arctic. The resulting similarity functions for fluxes and variances are expressed in an analytical form, which is expected to be essentially unaffected by self‐correlation in a very stable regime. The flux Richardson number Rf is found to be proportional to the Richardson number Ri, with the proportionality coefficient varying slightly with stability, from 1.11 to 1.47. The Prandtl number decreases from 0.9 in nearly neutral conditions to 0.7 for larger values of Ri. The negative correlation coefficient between the vertical velocity and temperature, − rwθ, has a local maximum at Ri of about 0.08, and monotonically decreases with larger values of the Richardson number. The turbulent kinetic energy budget indicates that for Ri > 0.7, turbulence must be non‐stationary, i.e. decaying or sporadic. Turbulence within the stably stratified boundary layer can be classified by four regimes: ‘nearly neutral’ (0 < Ri < 0.02), ‘weakly stable’ (0.02 < Ri < 0.12), ‘very stable’ (0.12 < Ri < 0.7), and ‘extremely stable’ (Ri > 0.7). Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Ice effects on flow distributions within the Athabasca Delta, Canada
Authors: Andrishak R. , Hicks F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Peace‐Athabasca Delta (PAD) is a unique and ecologically sensitive area made up of many interconnected lakes, wetlands, streams and rivers. The hydrology of the Delta is heavily influenced by inflows from the Athabasca River and the complex river ice regime within it. In this study, a detailed one‐dimensional network hydraulic model of the Athabasca River Delta (comprising the southern portion of the PAD) is presented and applied to demonstrate how variable stream‐flow and ice cover conditions affect the distribution of flow among the major channels conveying water to Lake Athabasca and the rest of the Delta.The current channel network model, based on new measurements concentrated at the main channel junctions combined with carefully designed geometry throughout the un‐surveyed reaches, is shown to provide flow allocations to the major channels that are within 3% of the corresponding observations. At the three main flow‐split junctions, steady flow simulations at varying discharge, Lake Athabasca level, and ice thickness were performed to assess their impact on the percentage of flow carried by each channel. Each junction was found to exhibit a unique response arising from its physical geometry and location within the Delta.Transient simulations for the historical period 1960–2007 demonstrate that water demand on the Athabasca River upstream of the PAD may have a significant impact on the availability of fish habitat in winter. Imposing a 20 m3/s water demand increased the total occurrences of a no‐flow condition in the Fletcher Channel, analogous to it freezing to the bed, by 53%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Headwater reservoirs weaken terrestrial‐aquatic linkage by slowing leaf‐litter processing in downstream regulated reaches
Authors: Mendoza–Lera C. , Larrañaga A. , Pérez J. , Descals E. , Martínez A. , Moya O. , Arostegui I. , Pozo J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLeaf litter breakdown is a key process, providing matter and energy to communities inhabiting many headwater streams that flow through forests. This detrital pathway is affected by many human landscape transformations; but it is little known about the impact of small headwater reservoirs on leaf litter decay in streams. Alder leaf litter breakdown rates and associated fauna were studied upstream and downstream of five small water supply reservoirs (surface‐release in rainy autumn‐winters), in the Nerbioi‐Ibaizabal drainage basin (Basque Country, Spain), to assess the effect of impoundment on headwater streams function. Breakdown rates were significantly lower below the dams, mainly associated with a reduction of the density and the biomass of shredders. Among the shredders, Nemouridae and especially Protonemura were less abundant downstream of the dam. Alterations in the physicochemical characteristics of the water due to the reservoirs were negligible throughout our study, and temperature showed only slight variations that could not explain the reduction of the rates. The effect on shredders is likely to be related to differences in the riparian environment and flow regulation by the dams. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.