bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Temporal Transferability of a Model Describing Dissolved Solids in Streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin1
Authors: Kenney Terry A. , Buto Susan G. 
Published: June 2012

Kenney, Terry A. and Susan G. Buto, 2012. Evaluation of the Temporal Transferability of a Model Describing Dissolved Solids in Streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 1041‐1053. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00667.xAbstract:  The application of a nonlinear least‐squares regression model describing the sources and transport of dissolved solids in streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin, and that was calibrated using data from water year 1991, was evaluated for use in predicting annual dissolved‐solids loads for the years 1974 through 1998. Simulations for each water year were run using annual climate data. To evaluate how well the model captures the observed annual variability across the basin, differences in predicted annual dissolved‐solids loads for each simulated year and 1991 were compared with differences in monitored annual loads. The temporal trend of the differences between predicted annual loads for the simulated years and the load for 1991 generally followed the trend of the monitored loads. The model appears to underpredict the largest annual loads and overpredict some of the smaller annual loads. An underprediction bias for wetter years was evident in the residuals as was an overprediction bias, to a lesser degree, for drier years. A regression analysis on the residuals suggests that the underprediction bias is associated with precipitation differences from 1991 and with previously defined downward trends in dissolved‐solids concentrations in the basin. In general, given the representative climatic conditions, the model adequately performs throughout the period examined. However, the model is most transferable to years with climatic conditions similar to 1991.
Modeled Summer Background Concentration of Nutrients and Suspended Sediment in the Mid‐Continent (USA) Great Rivers1
Authors: Angradi Ted R. , Bolgrien David W. , Starry Matt A. , Hill Brian H. 
Published: June 2012

Angradi, Ted R., David W. Bolgrien, Matt A. Starry, and Brian H. Hill, 2012. Modeled Summer Background Concentration of Nutrients and Suspended Sediment in the Mid‐Continent (USA) Great Rivers. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 1054‐1070. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00669.xAbstract:  We used regression models to predict summer background concentration of total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), and total suspended solids (TSS), in the mid‐continent great rivers: the Upper Mississippi, the Lower Missouri, and the Ohio. From multiple linear regressions of water quality indicators with land use and other stressor variables, we determined the concentration of the indicators when the predictor variables were all set to zero — the y‐intercept. Except for total P on the Upper Mississippi River, we could predict background concentration using regression models. Predicted background concentration of total N was about the same on the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers (430 μg l−1), which was lower than percentile‐based values, but was similar to concentrations derived from the response of sestonic chlorophyll a to great river total N concentration. Background concentration of total P on the Lower Missouri (65 μg l−1) was also lower than published and percentile‐based concentrations. Background TSS concentration was higher on the Lower Missouri (40 mg l−1) than the other rivers. Background TSS concentration on the Upper Mississippi (16 mg l−1) was below a threshold (30 mg l−1) designed to protect aquatic vegetation. Our model‐predicted concentrations for the great rivers are an attempt to estimate background concentrations for water quality indicators independent from thresholds based on percentiles or derived from stressor‐response relationships.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Water Supply Stress in the Haihe River Basin, Northern China1
Authors: Ji Yuhe , Chen Liding , Sun Ranhao 
Published: June 2012

Ji, Yuhe, Liding Chen, and Ranhao Sun, 2012. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Water Supply Stress in the Haihe River Basin, Northern China. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 999‐1007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00671.xAbstract:  Water resources are becoming increasingly stressed under the influence of climate change and population growth in the Haihe River Basin, Northern China. Assessing the temporal and spatial variability of water supply stress is urgently needed to mitigate water crisis caused by water resource reallocation. Water supply and use data were compiled for the time period of 1998‐2003 in this synthesis study. The Water Supply Stress Index (WSSI) as defined as Water Demand/Water Supply was used to quantitate whether water supply could meet the demand of human activities across the study region. We found a large spatial gradient of water supply stress in the study region, being much higher in the eastern subbasins (ranging from 2.56 to 4.31) than the west subbasins (ranging from 0.56 to 1.92). The eastern plain region not only suffered more serious water supply stress but also had a much higher interannual variability than the western hilly region. The uneven spatial distribution of water supply stress might result from the distribution of land use, population, and climate. Future climate change and rapid economic development are likely to aggravate the existing water crisis in the study region.
A simplified molecular method for distinguishing among species and ploidy levels in European water frogs (Pelophylax)
Authors: HAUSWALDT J. SUSANNE , HÖER MANUELA , OGIELSKA MARIA , CHRISTIANSEN DITTE G. , DZIEWULSKA‐SZWAJKOWSKA DARIA , CZERNICKA ELŻBIETA , VENCES MIGUEL 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWestern Palearctic water frogs in the genus Pelophylax are a set of morphologically similar anuran species that form hybridogenetic complexes. Fully reliable identification of species and especially of hybrid ploidy depends on karyological and molecular methods. In central Europe, native water frog populations consist of the Pelophylax esculentus complex, that is, P. lessonae (LL), P. ridibundus (RR) and the hybrid form P. esculentus that can have different karyotypes (RL, LLR and RRL). We developed existing molecular methods further and propose a simple PCR method based on size‐differences in the length of the serum albumin intron‐1 and the RanaCR1, a non‐LTR retrotransposon of the chicken repeat (CR) family. This PCR yields taxon‐specific banding patterns that can easily be screened by standard agarose gel electrophoresis and correctly identify species in all of the 160 samples that had been identified to karyotype with other methods. To distinguish ploidy levels in LR, LLR and RRL specimens, we used the ratio of the peak heights of the larger (ridibundus specific) to the smaller (lessonae specific) bands of fluorescently labelled PCR products resolved on a capillary DNA sequencer and obtained a correct assignment of the karyotype in 93% of cases. Our new method will cut down time and expenses drastically for a reliable identification of water frogs of the P. esculentus complex and potentially for identification of other hybridogenetic complexes and/or taxa, and it even serves as a good indicator of the ploidy status of hybrid individuals.
Development and annotation of shotgun sequence libraries from New World monkeys
Authors: JAMESON NATALIE M. , XU KE , YI SOOJIN V. , WILDMAN DEREK E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe draft genome sequences of several primates are available, providing insights into evolutionary and anthropological research. However, genomic resources from New World monkeys are conspicuously lacking. To date, the genomes of only two platyrrhine species, the common marmoset and the Bolivian squirrel monkey, have been fully sequenced. This is especially limiting for comparative genomics research, considering that New World monkeys are the most speciose primate group, and platyrrhine genetic diversity is comparable to that of the catarrhines (i.e. apes and Old World monkeys). Here, we present the generation and annotation of numerous sequence reads from the genomes of Spider monkey (Ateles belzebuth), Owl monkey (Aotus lemurinus) and Uakari (Cacajao calvus), representing the three platyrrhine families, Atelidae, Cebidae and Pitheciidae, respectively. These sequencing reads were developed from gDNA shotgun libraries containing over 3000 individual sequences with an average length of 726 bps. Of these sequences, 1220 contain <20% repeats, and thus are potentially highly useful phylogenetic markers for other platyrrhine species. Among them, a large number of sequencing reads were found to match unique regions within the human (2462 sequences) and the marmoset (2829 sequences) genomes. In particular, the majority of these sequencing reads are from putatively neutrally evolving intergenic regions. Thus, they are likely to be highly informative for inferring neutral evolutionary patterns and genomic evolution for other New World monkeys.
Comparative assessment of change in fat mass using dual X‐ray absorptiometry and air‐displacement plethysmography
Authors: Warolin J. , Kantor J. , Whitaker L. E. , Choi L. , Acra S. , Buchowski M. S. 
Published: June 2012

What is already known about this subject
Excess fat mass (FM) is believed to be a primary cause of the health risks (e.g. cardiovascular, metabolic) associated with obesity
Dual X‐ray absorptiometry and air‐displacement plethysmography are frequently used in clinical research and practice to measure body composition changes.
There is no accepted single tool for measurement of obesity and change in FM that provides a sufficiently accurate and precise estimate.
What this study adds
The demonstrated accuracy of dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) supports its use as an indirect method for monitoring fat mass (FM) changes associated with clinical interventions for obesity.
DXA is significantly more accurate when compared to air‐displacement plethysmography in recognizing small changes in FM.
SummaryThe study aims to compare the accuracy of body composition measurements to small, defined changes in fat mass (FM) between dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air‐displacement plethysmography (ADP). Fifty‐six healthy adults, 29 women and 27 men (age, 38 ± 12.4 years; body mass index, 27.6 ± 5.8 kg m−2) were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, indwelling metal hardware or pacemakers, or weight exceeding DXA table limit (>350 lb). All individual testing was completed within a 2‐h period. Fat packets were prepared using lard wrapped in plastic and applied exogenously in defined locations. Each participant completed body composition measurements with ADP and DXA (both testing modalities completed with and without 1 kg of exogenously applied FM). Both DXA and ADP were highly accurate in detecting an overall increase in body mass associated with exogenously applied 1 kg of FM (0.99 kg vs. 0.97 kg, respectively). DXA more accurately detected exogenous fat increase as FM compared to ADP (0.93 kg; 90% CI for the mean of the difference: 0.83 to 1.03 kg vs. 0.45 kg; 90% CI: 0.19 to 0.71 kg, respectively). The accuracy of body mass detection was similar for males and females (0.97 vs. 1.02 for DXA and 0.92 vs. 1.02 for ADP, respectively), though accuracy in detecting added mass as fat was less accurate in males than females (0.84 vs. 1.00 for DXA and 0.39 vs. 0.51 for ADP, respectively). Both DXA and ADP are accurate in detecting an overall increase in body mass associated with exogenously applied 1 kg of FM. However, DXA is more accurate than ADP in correctly identifying the increase in body mass as FM, as opposed to fat‐free mass.
Effect of recombinant canine interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8 on tissue factor procoagulant activity in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified canine monocytes
Authors: Ogasawara Seigo , Daddona Janelle L. , Trimpert Jakob , Stokol Tracy 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundInflammation is a major cause of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in dogs, but underlying mechanisms for its initiation are unknown. We hypothesized that pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐6 andIL‐8, induce tissue factor (TF) expression on canine monocyte surfaces, which may contribute toDICinitiation.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine if (1)IL‐6 andIL‐8 would induceTFactivity on canine monocytes, (2) fetal bovine serum or autologous plasma was required forIL‐6– orIL‐8–inducedTFresponses in canine monocytes, and (3) these pro‐inflammatory cytokines would enhanceTFactivity on canine monocytes in response to low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).MethodsCanine monocytes were isolated fromEDTA‐anticoagulated blood as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by double‐density gradient centrifugation and adhesion to plastic. Adherent cells were stimulated for 4 hours with recombinant canine (rc)‐IL‐6 or rc‐IL‐8 (10–5000 pg/mL) with or without 10% heat‐inactivated (HI) fetal bovine serum, untreated autologous canine plasma (ACP), orHI‐ACP. Lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/mL) served as a positive control. Cells were also costimulated with either cytokine (100 pg/mL) or low concentrations of LPS (0.1 and 1 ng/mL). Monocytes immunopurified fromPBMCwith anti‐CD14 antibodies were also stimulated with both cytokines (100 and 5000 pg/mL). TF activity on cell surfaces was measured by a 2‐stage amidolytic assay, based on activated factorXgeneration.ResultsNeither rc‐IL‐6 nor rc‐IL‐8 consistently stimulatedTFprocoagulant activity in caninePBMCor purified monocytes after 4 hours. Serum, plasma, or low concentrations ofLPSdid not enhance theTFresponse to these cytokines.ConclusionsIL‐6 orIL‐8 at evaluated concentrations may not play major roles in coagulation activation by induction ofTFexpression on monocytes in dogs with inflammation.
Identification and characterization of novel glycoproteins involved in growth and biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Kishi M. , Hasegawa Y. , Nagano K. , Nakamura H. , Murakami Y. , Yoshimura F. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPorphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as a major pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. To extend our knowledge of post‐translational protein glycosylation in P.  gingivalis, a proteomic analysis involving two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with carbohydrate staining and mass spectrometry was performed. Four novel glycoproteins, PGN0743, PGN0876, PGN1513 and PGN0729, in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were identified. These four identified glycoproteins possess a range of biochemical activities and cellular localization. PGN0743 contains a sequence motif identifying it as a FKBP‐type cis‐trans isomerase, which has activity usually associated with chaperone functions. PGN0876 and PGN1513 contain tetratricopeptide repeat domains that mediate protein–protein interactions. PGN0729 encodes the outer membrane protein 41 precursor, which was previously identified as Pgm6, and is homologous to the OmpA protein in Escherichia coli. Several different types of glycoprotein were identified, suggesting that P. gingivalis possesses a general mechanism for protein glycosylation. PGN0743‐deficient and PGN0876‐deficient mutants were constructed to examine the role(s) of the two identified glycoproteins. Both mutants showed a decreased growth rate under nutrient‐limited conditions and reduced biofilm formation activity. These results suggest that the novel glycoproteins PGN0743 and PGN0876 play an important role in the growth and colonization of P. gingivalis.
Earnings Manipulation, Corporate Governance and Executive Stock Option Grants: Evidence from Taiwan*
Authors: Wu Ming‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Ting , Chen Yi‐Jing 
Published: June 2012

AbstractExecutive stock options (ESOs), serving as a compensation mechanism, are widely used in business administration. ESOs link managerial wealth to firm performance and shareholder wealth. The intrinsic value of ESOs is determined by the difference between the stock price and the strike price. Executives, as a result of self‐interested incentives, would therefore manipulate firms’ reported earnings for influencing stock prices. Such conduct may boost the value of ESOs and then benefit managers greatly. This study attempts to explore if earnings had been manipulated before the ESO award date to satisfy some self‐interested managers. In addition, the paper attempts to reveal the cause and effect relationship between executive incentives and earnings management when compensations are linked to stock prices. The empirical results show that there is a significant downward earnings management phenomenon before the ESO award date. Furthermore, quarterly earnings management occurs frequently around the ESO grant date.
Is Business Group Structure Inefficient? A Long‐Term Perspective
Authors: Kim Chang‐Soo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates the long‐term value implication of business group affiliation. In order to secure comparability between business‐group‐affiliated firms and independent firms we employ the matching estimator technique, which selects firms with business characteristics most similar to chaebol firms to create a control group of firms. We find that the long‐term performance of chaebol‐affiliated firms is superior to that of control firms although the two groups are very similar at the beginning of the sample period. The differential performance between the two groups has been caused by changes in firm characteristics over time. Difference‐in‐difference estimators on important firm characteristics indicate that, over time, chaebol‐affiliated firms become larger and more profitable, grow faster with more investments, have higher debt, and have more foreign ownership, which leads to a larger firm size. Chaebol firms also seem to benefit from tax shield and monitoring effects due to a higher level of debt, and avoid the entrenchment of owner–managers with a higher foreign ownership. However, regressions using difference variables indicate that business group affiliation by itself is not a value‐increasing event.
Post‐Takeover Financing Activities under Financial Repression: Evidence from China*
Authors: Du Julan , Rui Oliver M. , Wong Sonia M. L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn China’s state‐dominated financial system, many firms, especially non‐state‐owned or private organizations, face serious restrictions in gaining access to bank and equity market financing. This kind of highly discriminatory financial repression policy has induced some unique post‐takeover financing activities, which are consistent with the desire to acquire firms in order to capitalize on their privileges in getting access to external finance. Specifically, takeovers by acquirers facing more serious financing obstacles (private acquirers) tend to show less salient symptoms of tunneling and display patterns of more efficient investment than takeovers by acquirers suffering less serious financing obstacles (state acquirers). Market reaction analysis suggests that these takeovers pose different implications for acquirers’ shareholder value, with takeovers by private acquirers being viewed as value enhancing but takeovers by state acquirers being viewed as value reducing.
Maintaining a Consistent Big Picture: Meaningful Use of a Web‐based POC EHR System
Authors: Keenan Gail M. , Yakel Elizabeth , Yao Yingwei , Xu Dianhui , Szalacha Laura , Tschannen Dana , Ford Yvonne , Chen Yu‐Chung , Johnson Andrew , Lopez Karen Dunn , Wilkie Diana J. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:  To test the hypothesis that Hands‐on Automated Nursing Data System (HANDS) “big picture summary” can be implemented uniformly across diverse settings, and result in positive registered nurse (RN) and plan of care (POC) data outcomes across time.DESIGN:  In a longitudinal, multisite, full test study, a representative convenience sample of eight medical‐surgical units from four hospitals (one university, two large community, and one small community) in one Midwestern state implemented the HANDS intervention for 24 (four units) or 12 (four units) months.MEASUREMENTS:  (a) RN outcomes—percentage completing training, satisfaction with standardized terminologies, perception of HANDS usefulness, POC submission compliance rate. (b) POC data outcomes—validity (rate of optional changes/episode); reliability of terms and ratings; and volume of standardized data generated.RESULTS:  One hundred percent of the RNs who worked on the eight study units successfully completed the required standardized training; all units selected participated for the entire 12‐ or 24‐month designated period; compliance rates for POC entry at every patient hand‐off were 78–92%; reliability coefficients for use of the standardized terms and ratings were moderately strong; the pattern of optional POC changes per episode declined but remained reasonable across time; and the nurses generated a database of 40,747 episodes of care.LIMITATIONS:  Only RNs and medical‐surgical units participated.CONCLUSION:  It is possible to effectively standardize the capture and visualization of useful “big picture” healthcare information across diverse settings. Findings offer a viable alternative to the current practice of introducing new health information layers that ultimately increase the complexity and inconsistency of information for frontline users.