bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosorption of Reactive Red 198 from an aqueous solution using Acalypha indica
Authors: Praveena N. , Saravanan P. , Dharmendira Kumar M. , Nagendra Gandhi N. , Renganathan S. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe biosorption of reactive red 198 dye using Acalypha indica was investigated in a batch experimental process. The equilibrium dye uptake capacity of A. indica was determined with the influence of various environmental parameters such as sorbent dosage (0.02–0.1 g 100 mL−1), initial pH (1–6), and initial dye concentration (30–110 mg L−1). Batch experiments were carried out for biosorption kinetics and isotherm studies. The results showed that dye uptake capacity was found to increase with decreases in biosorbent dosage. Equilibrium uptake capacity was found to be more at pH value of 2, when compared with all other pH values studied. The equilibrium data was analyzed with the use of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. The equilibrium data was found to be fitted very well with the Freundlich isotherm model when compared with the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetic data was analyzed using pseudo‐first order and pseudo‐second order kinetic models. From the result, it was observed that the kinetic data was found to fit well with the pseudo‐second order kinetic model. The surface morphology of the leaves of the A. indica biomass was exemplified by scanning electron microscope. Fourier transform infrared analysis was employed to confirm the existence of an amine group in the A. indica. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizations of UV‐curable montmorillonite/epoxy nanocomposites prepared by a hybrid of chemical dispersion and planetary mechanical milling process
Authors: Huang Heh‐Chang , Huang Shu‐Ping , Hsieh Tsung‐Eong , Chen Chin‐Hsin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAmmonium salt, [2‐(methacyloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium methyl sulfate (MAOTMA), was adopted to modify montmorillonite (MMT) via the cationic exchange process in an acidic environment and a successful enlargement of MMT lamellar spacing from 1.18 to 1.39 nm was identified by x‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Accordingly, UV‐curable epoxy nanocomposite resins containing various amounts of MAOTMA‐modified MMT were prepared with the aid of a planetary mechanical milling process. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a uniform dispersion of exfoliated MMT lamella in epoxy matrix, leading to the distinct improvements on thermal stability and thermal expansion property of nanocomposite samples. Calcium (Ca) test indicated that the good dispersion of MMT fillers in polymer effectively suppresses the moisture permeation in sample matrix. More than twofold increment on retention time of 5% Ca hydrolysis and 20% improvement on the permeation kinetic parameters were observed in the nanocomposite sample containing 8 wt % MMT in comparison with the pristine epoxy sample. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Th2 and regulatory immune reactions contribute to IgG4 production and the initiation of Mikulicz disease
Authors: Tanaka Akihiko , Moriyama Masafumi , Nakashima Hitoshi , Miyake Katsuhisa , Hayashida Jun‐Nosuke , Maehara Takashi , Shinozaki Shouichi , Kubo Yoshiaki , Nakamura Seiji 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveMikulicz disease has been considered to be a subtype of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, recent studies have suggested that Mikulicz disease is an IgG4‐related disease and is distinguishable from SS. In addition, it has been reported that both interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐10 induce IgG4 production and inhibit IgE. This study was undertaken to examine the expression of these cytokines in patients with Mikulicz disease and patients with SS.MethodsLabial salivary gland (LSG) sections from 15 patients with Mikulicz disease and 18 patients with SS were examined for subsets of the infiltrating lymphocytes, expression patterns of messenger RNA (mRNA) for cytokines/chemokines, and relationships between the IgG4:IgG ratio and the expression of mRNA for IL‐4 or IL‐10.ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis showed lymphocyte infiltration of various subsets in the LSGs of SS patients, and the selective infiltration of IgG4‐positive plasma cells and Treg cells in the LSGs of Mikulicz disease patients. The levels of mRNA for both Th1 and Th2 cytokines and chemokines in LSGs from patients with SS were significantly higher than in controls, while the expression of both Th2 and Treg cells was significantly higher in the patients with Mikulicz disease than in controls. Furthermore, the expression of IL‐4 or IL‐10 in the LSGs was correlated with the IgG4:IgG ratio.ConclusionThese results suggest that the pathogenesis of Mikulicz disease is different from that of SS. Mikulicz disease is a unique inflammatory disorder characterized by Th2 and regulatory immune reactions that might play key roles in IgG4 production.
Structure and properties of camptothecin derivatives, their protonated forms, and model interaction with the topoisomerase I–DNA complex
Authors: Ivanova Bojidarka , Spiteller Michael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe structure and properties of the 11 Camptothecin derivatives (CPTs) and their different mono‐, di‐, and triprotonated forms, depending on the number of proton accepting centers in the molecules are studied both theoretically and experimentally by quantum chemical approaches, electronic absorption, and CD spectroscopy. The study of the protonated forms of the CPTs and search of the electron‐withdrawing groups is crucial of the water‐solubility of the novel medications. Thus, the model interaction of the different protonated molecular species with the Topoisomerase I–DNA complex are elucidated and discussed with a view to understand the mode of binding of the CPTs depending on the type of the substituents and pH of the medium. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 134–144, 2012.
Determination of therapeutic oligonucleotides using capillary gel electrophoresis
Authors: Chen Buyun , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTOligonucleotides have developed into highly versatile and selective therapeutics over the past 20 years. More than five discrete mechanisms of action have been reported and more than 10 different chemical modifications have been used to extend their in vivo half‐life and reduce their toxicity. Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) has been used extensively for the quantitative analysis of oligonucleotide therapeutics in both preclinical and clinical studies since the 1990s. The success of CGE is based on its extraordinary resolving power, which allows for the simultaneous determination of the parent drug and its metabolites. More recently, capillary gel electrophoresis has seen renewed interest with the emergence of replaceable gels with single‐base resolving power and new capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry interfaces. This review discusses the bioanalysis of therapeutic oligonucleotides showing the evolution of the field over the past two decades leading to the current new approaches. Included in this review are topics such as different gel types, sample introduction modes, sample extraction procedures, separation conditions and detection methods used in CGE, along with discussions of the successes and limitations associated with each. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure/Redox potential relationship of simple organic compounds as potential precursors of dyes for laccase‐mediated transformation
Authors: Polak Jolanta , Jarosz‐Wilkolazka Anna 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the ability of an extracellular fungal laccase (LAC) to form colored products from simple non‐colored organic precursors. Thirty different phenolic and non‐phenolic precursors (o‐, m‐, and p‐methoxy‐, hydroxy‐, sulfonic‐, and amino‐substituted) were tested as single and coupled substrates in a LAC‐catalyzed oxidation. The findings show that LAC catalyzes the formation of colored products (from yellow/brown to red and blue) by oxidation of single substrates that are benzene derivatives containing at least two substituents comprised of amino, hydroxy, and methoxy groups. All precursors were tested by cyclic voltammetry and the correlation between their structure and redox potential, and the possibility of their transformation into colored products by fungal LAC was found. Colored products were yielded from single substrates possessing a value of the oxidation peak (Eo) lower than 1,150 mV vs. normal hydrogen electrode (NHE). Substrates with an oxidation peak higher than 1,150 mV vs. NHE were transformed by LAC into colored compounds only in the presence of an additional precursor characterized by a low value of Eo and the presence of reactive substituents such as methoxy, hydroxy, and amino groups. Therefore, additional hydroxylation, methoxylation, and amination of phenolic and non‐phenolic substrates may represent a strategy to increase the range of these compounds as potential dyes precursors. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Stereoselective and Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Trisubstituted Allylic Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Schmidt Yvonne , Breit Bernhard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStereoselective and diversity‐oriented synthesis of trisubstituted olefins was achieved by using ortho‐diphenylphosphanyl benzoate (o‐DPPB) as a directing group for allylic substitution. The starting point of this methodology was a set of α‐methylene aldehydes derived from Baylis–Hillman adducts. Subsequent addition of different organometallic reagents led to a variety of allylic alcohol substrates. After introduction of the reagent‐directing o‐DPPB group, copper‐mediated allylic substitution with a wide range of Grignard reagents enabled the stereoselective construction of a large number of E‐configured trisubstituted allylic alcohols and amines in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Remarkable is the synthetic flexibility, which allows a wide range of permutations starting from an aldehyde followed by successive introduction of the substituents R2 and R3 from organometallic Grignard based reagents. Thus, starting from only a few precursors, a diversity‐oriented synthesis of stereodefined trisubstituted allylic alcohols and amines becomes possible.
The analysis of the transcriptome as a new approach for biomarker development to trace the abuse of anabolic steroid hormones
Authors: Riedmaier Irmgard , Pfaffl Michael W. , Meyer Heinrich H. D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe abuse of anabolic steroid hormones in human sports and animal husbandry is an ubiquitous problem and therefore a tight control program in both areas is very important. Within these control programs, hormone residues are detected by immunoassays or chromatographical methods in combination with mass spectrometry. With these methods, all known substances can be detected; yet new xenobiotic growth promoters and new ways of application are difficult to detect. Therefore it is important to develop new sensitive screening methods to enable an efficient control for misused anabolic substances. The detection of their physiological action is a promising approach. Anabolic steroid hormones directly influence the expression of specific genes and thus the analysis of the transcriptome of different target tissues and matrices is of great interest. This review describes our recent efforts made concerning the analysis of gene expression changes in different tissues, different species and under different anabolic treatments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive binding of Ba2+and Sr2+ to 18‐Crown‐6 in a Receptor with a 1‐Methoxyanthraquinone Analogue as the Other Binding Site
Authors: Banerjee Tanmay , Suresh Moorthy , Ghosh Hirendra N. , Das Amitava 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOwing to their immense biological significance, development of sensors for the selective detection of alkaline earth metal ions has attracted vast research interest. In this article we have reported the synthesis, characterisation and ion binding studies of a new RuII‐polypyridyl‐crown‐anthraquinone complex (5). Studies confirm selective binding of BaII, SrII and CaII ions, with K > K >> K, over all other metal ions, to the crown ether moiety and not to the methoxy anthraquinone component, the latter being the second binding site available and known for its affinity towards alkaline earth metal ions from one of our previous reports.
Edge‐Bridging and Face‐Bridging Hydrogen Atoms in Trinuclear Rhenium Carbonyl Hydrides
Authors: Li Nan , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe structures of the trinuclear rhenium carbonyl hydrides H3Re3(CO)n (n = 12, 11, 10, 9) have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The only structure found for H3Re3(CO)12 is the experimentally known structure with each approximately 3.3 Å edge of a singly bonded Re3 triangle bridged by a hydrogen atom and all terminal carbonyl groups. The two lowest energy H3Re3(CO)11 structures lie within 0.5 kcal/mol in energy and are derived from this H3Re3(CO)12 structure by loss of a carbonyl group with retention of the central Re3(μ‐H)3 core. A higher energy H3Re3(CO)11 structure, closely related to the experimental structure for the isoelectronic dianion H3Re3(CO)102–, is also found in which one of the Re=Re edges of double bond length (2.79 Å) is bridged by two hydrogen atoms. Loss of a carbonyl group from this H3Re3(CO)11 structure with concurrent conversion of one of the edge‐bridging hydrogen atoms to a face‐bridging hydrogen atom gives the lowest energy H3Re3(CO)10 structure. Further loss of a carbonyl group from this (μ3‐H)(μ‐H)2Re3(CO)10 structure with concurrent conversion of a second edge‐bridging hydrogen atom to a face‐bridging hydrogen atom leads to the lowest energy H3Re3(CO)9 structure. This (μ3‐H)2(μ‐H)Re3(CO)9 structure with a central Re3(μ3‐H)2 trigonal bipyramid appears to be a very favorable structure since it not only is the lowest energy H3Re3(CO)9 structure but lies more than 22 kcal/mol below the next lowest energy H3Re3(CO)9 structure.
Intermetallic Studies and Bonding Concepts
Authors: Corbett John D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis essay for EurJIC's cluster issue on polar intermetallics, clusters and cluster complexes introduces the reader to the difficulties in finding new and novel intermetallics among a wide variety of possibilities, inasmuch as most of the elements of the periodic table are metals. Like metal atoms may form naked clusters or be differently charged, such as Zintl cations or polyanions. Discrete clusters may also be incorporated as building blocks in polar intermetallics or be condensed into infinite one‐, two‐, or three‐dimensional arrays. In all cases, it is important to explore the unknown before (physical) properties can be measured and applications come into view.
Simplifying biodiesel production: The direct or in situ transesterification of algal biomass
Authors: Haas Michael J. , Wagner Karen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe in situ esterification/transesterification of algal biomass lipids to produce FAME for potential use as biodiesel was investigated. Commercial algal biomass was employed, containing 20.9 wt% hexane extractable oil. This consisted of 35.1 wt% free fatty acids (FFA), 18.2 wt% TAG, and 8.8 wt% MAG, accounting for 62.1% of the extractable material. Other constituents of the hexane extractable material, accounting for 37.9% of the extracts, were not further characterized. The predominant fatty acids in the oil were palmitic (42.4 wt%), oleic (30.6 wt%), linoleic (22.8 wt%), and linolenic (16.1 wt%). Small amounts of 10‐keto 16:0 and 10‐OH 16:0 fatty acids were also present. Statistical experimental design was employed to coordinately examine the effects of the amounts of methanol, sulfuric acid, and reaction temperature (23–65°C) on the yield of FAME in 2 h reactions. Three methods of feedstock preparation were examined – as received, oven dried, and water‐washed/dried. For all feedstocks conditions could be identified which were predicted to yield greater than 90% maximum theoretical FAME production. Oven drying the feedstock reduced the amount of methanol required, with 83% of maximum yield obtained at a methanol/fatty acid molar ratio of 220:1 (4 mL methanol/g substrate). Water washing the biomass did not reduce the methanol required for high level transesterification.Practical applications: In biodiesel production by the conventional method of alkali‐catalyzed transesterification of a refined vegetable oil/the combination of feedstock and process costs threatens the economic viability of biofuel production. In situ esterification/transesterification is a method for producing biodiesel wherein a lipid‐bearing material is directly treated with reagents that catalyze fatty acid alkyl ester production from FFA and acylglycerols. By eliminating the need to isolate and refine the feedstock lipid, this approach to biodiesel production eliminates some of the processing steps required by contemporary methods. This could provide a welcome reduction in the cost of biodiesel production. There is presently considerable interest in the possibility of biofuel production from algal biomass. This study describes the application and optimization of in situ transesterification to a lipid‐bearing algal biomass. Application of this technology could facilitate the economical production of biodiesel from algal biomass.
Regiolone and Isosclerone, Two Enantiomeric Phytotoxic Naphthalenone Pentaketides: Computational Assignment of Absolute Configuration and Its Relationship with Phytotoxic Activity
Authors: Evidente Antonio , Superchi Stefano , Cimmino Alessio , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Mugnai Laura , Rubiales Diego , Andolfi Anna , Villegas‐Fernández Angel M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe absolute configurations of regiolone and isosclerone, two enantiomeric bioactive naphthalenone pentaketides produced by fungi and plants, have been unambiguously assigned by ab initio computational prediction of their theoretical optical rotatory powers and electronic circular dichroism spectra. Isosclerone is produced by the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea, whereas regiolone is produced by B. fabae. The phytotoxic activities of the two compounds were tested for comparison on faba bean (host of both pathogens) and vine plants (host of only B. cinerea); the (R) configuration at C‐4 was found to be a fundamental structural feature for bioactivity.
Bicomponent Microneedle Array Biosensor for Minimally‐Invasive Glutamate Monitoring
Authors: Windmiller Joshua Ray , Valdés‐Ramírez Gabriela , Zhou Nandi , Zhou Ming , Miller Philip R. , Jin Chunming , Brozik Susan M. , Polsky Ronen , Katz Evgeny , Narayan Roger , Wang Joseph 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article describes the design of a new and attractive minimally‐invasive bicomponent microneedle sensing device for the electrochemical monitoring of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and glucose. The new device architecture relies on the close integration of solid and hollow microneedles into a single biosensor array device containing multiple microcavities. Such microcavities facilitate the electropolymeric entrapment of the recognition enzyme within each microrecess. The resulting microneedle biosensor array can be employed as a minimally‐invasive on‐body transdermal patch, obviating the extraction/sampling of the biological fluid, thereby simplifying device requirements. The new concept is demonstrated for the electropolymeric entrapment of glutamate oxidase and glucose oxidase within a poly(o‐phenylenediamine) (PPD) thin film. The PPD‐based enzyme entrapment methodology enables the effective rejection of coexisting electroactive interferents without compromising the sensitivity or response time of the device. The resulting microneedle‐based glutamate and glucose biosensors thus exhibit high selectivity, sensitivity, speed, and stability in both buffer and undiluted human serum. High‐fidelity glutamate measurements down to the 10 µM level are obtained in serum. The attractive recess design also serves to protect the enzyme layer upon insertion into the skin. This simple, yet robust microneedle design is well‐suited for diverse biosensing applications in which real‐time metabolite monitoring is a core requirement.
Characterization of impact odorants and sensory profile of Bobal red wines from Spain's La Mancha region
Authors: Gómez García‐Carpintero E. , Sánchez‐Palomo E. , Gómez Gallego M.A , González‐Viñas M.A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough the Bobal red grape variety is grown mainly in the Valencia region of Spain, there is also limited production in certain areas of the La Mancha region. Bobal red wines of five consecutive vintages, produced in the La Mancha region, were evaluated by sensory descriptive analysis using a panel of 15 trained assessors. Wines were obtained in standardized conditions and were not aged. Panellists scored the intensity of each attribute using a non‐structured scale. Principal component analysis performed on sensory data showed that these wines were characterized by blackcurrant, green pepper, smoke, redcurrant, cut hay, vanilla and cinnamon aromas. Odour activity values for the various compounds in Bobal wines were classified into seven odorant series describing the aroma profile (1: fruity, 2: floral, 3: green/fresh, 4: sweet, 5: spice, 6: fatty, and 7: other odours). Total intensities for each odorant series were calculated as the sum of the odour activity value for each compound assigned to that series. The fruity and sweet series were found to contribute most to the aroma profile of Bobal wines. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite element formulation satisfying the discrete geometric conservation law based on averaged Jacobians
Authors: Storti Mario A. , Garelli Luciano , Paz Rodrigo R. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIn this article, a new methodology for developing discrete geometric conservation law (DGCL) compliant formulations is presented. It is carried out in the context of the finite element method for general advective–diffusive systems on moving domains using an ALE scheme. There is an extensive literature about the impact of DGCL compliance on the stability and precision of time integration methods. In those articles, it has been proved that satisfying the DGCL is a necessary and sufficient condition for any ALE scheme to maintain on moving grids the nonlinear stability properties of its fixed‐grid counterpart. However, only a few works proposed a methodology for obtaining a compliant scheme. In this work, a DGCL compliant scheme based on an averaged ALE Jacobians formulation is obtained. This new formulation is applied to the θ family of time integration methods. In addition, an extension to the three‐point backward difference formula is given. With the aim to validate the averaged ALE Jacobians formulation, a set of numerical tests are performed. These tests include 2D and 3D diffusion problems with different mesh movements and the 2D compressible Navier–Stokes equations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.