bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acylglycerols Containing Trihydroxy Fatty Acids in Castor Oil and the Regiospecific Quantification of Triacylglycerols
Authors: Lin Jiann‐Tsyh , Chen Grace Q. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRicinoleate, a monohydroxy fatty acid in castor oil, has many industrial uses. Dihydroxy and trihydroxy fatty acids can also be used in industry. We report here the identification of diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG) containing trihydroxy fatty acids in castor oil. The C18 HPLC fractions of castor oil were used for mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts of acylglycerols to identify trihydroxy fatty acids and the acylglycerols containing trihydroxy fatty acids. Two DAG identified were triOH18:1–diOH18:1 and triOH18:0–OH18:1. Four TAG identified were triOH18:1–OH18:1–OH18:1, triOH18:0–OH18:1–OH18:1, triOH18:1–OH18:1–diOH18:1 and triOH18:0–OH18:1–diOH18:1. The structures of these two newly identified trihydroxy fatty acids were proposed as 11,12,13‐trihydroxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid and 11,12,13‐trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid. The locations of these trihydroxy fatty acids on the glycerol backbone were almost 100% at the sn‐1,3 positions or at trace levels at the sn‐2 position. The content of these acylglycerols containing trihydroxy fatty acids was at the level of about 1% or less in castor oil.
Effects of Saireito on the ovarian function of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Okamoto Machi , Sakakibara Hideya , Yoshida Hiroshi , Fukazawa Yuka , Takashima Kunitomo , Kondo Yoshihito , Ikeda Mario , Ishikawa Masahiko , Hirahara Fumiki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurposesIt is sometimes difficult to restore a regular ovulatory cycle in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using classic agents such as clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins. Saireito, a herbal medicine, is believed to have an effect similar to corticosteroids. We examined the effect of Saireito on ovulatory induction and endocrine status in women with PCOS.MethodsTwenty‐four women with PCOS were treated with Saireito for 3 months. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol were measured before and after treatment, and ovulation was assessed. We compared serum LH levels between ovulation (n = 21) and anovulation (n = 3) groups, and compared ovulation rate and serum LH levels between obese (n = 6) and nonobese (n = 18) groups.ResultsOvulation was restored in 21 (87.5%) of the 24 PCOS patients following administration of Saireito for 3 months. LH levels were significantly decreased 1 month after medication in ovulatory group (P < 0.001), but only slightly decreased in anovulatory group. Ovulation rate in the nonobese group (94.4%) was higher than in the obese group (66.7%). Serum LH levels were significantly reduced in the nonobese group, but only slightly reduced in the obese group.ConclusionsSaireito reduced serum LH levels and increased ovulatory rate, particularly in nonobese women.
Brief report: Tailgating as a unique context for parental modeling on college student alcohol use
Authors: Abar Caitlin , Turrisi Rob , Abar Beau 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTLittle attention has been directed toward potential differential effects of the various contexts in which parents model alcohol use. The present study examined college football tailgating as a potential context in which parental modeling may be more or less risky. 290 college freshmen were assessed for perceptions of their parents’ drinking and tailgating behaviors, individual alcohol use and consequences. Hierarchical multiple regressions were performed and results revealed that parental tailgating accounted for a significant increase in the variance explained in each of the student drinking measures. Parental drunkenness at tailgates predicted college student drinking and negative consequences, over and above the influence of typical parental heavy episodic drinking. The specific context in which students perceive their parents as drinking heavily may impact their own drinking. Tailgating at sporting events appears to be one such context where students perceive alcohol behaviors which they later model.
Patients’ subjective initial response and the outcome of inpatient and day hospital treatment
Authors: Priebe S. , Barnicot K. , McCabe R. , Kiejna A. , Nawka P. , Raboch J. , Schützwohl M. , Kallert T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to establish whether psychiatric patients’ subjective initial response (SIR) to hospital and day hospital treatment predicts outcomes over a one-year follow-up period.MethodWe analysed data from 765 patients who were randomised to acute psychiatric treatment in a hospital or day hospital. SIR was assessed on day 3 after admission. Outcomes were psychiatric symptom levels and social disability at discharge, and at 3 and 12 months after discharge.ResultsAfter controlling for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, a more positive SIR was significantly associated with lower symptom levels at discharge and 3 months after discharge and lower social disability at 3 months and 12 months after discharge.ConclusionSIR can predict outcomes of complex interventions over a one-year period. Patients’ initial views of acute hospital and day treatment should be elicited and considered as important.
An evaluation of a national intervention to improve the postabortion care content of midwifery education in Nigeria
Authors: Akiode Akinsewa , Fetters Tamara , Daroda Ramatu , Okeke Bridget , Oji Ejike 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of a national intervention to improve the postabortion care (PAC) content of midwifery education in Nigeria.MethodsA 3‐part quantitative assessment was carried out during and post‐intervention. The first baseline component developed and examined the intervention to improve teaching capacity and improve the PAC curriculum among 6 midwifery schools that were to become regional training centers. The second survey was a pre‐ and post‐assessment conducted among midwifery instructors from all schools of midwifery in the country. In the third component, 149 midwives graduating from the 6 regional midwifery schools were interviewed once 3–9 months after graduation to evaluate whether the intervention had improved their knowledge of PAC and clinical practice, and the likelihood that they would provide PAC after graduation.ResultsData from 6 schools of midwifery in 2003 showed that none offered PAC or had educators trained in PAC prior to the intervention. Incorporation of PAC content and teaching capacity increased in all 6 study schools during the 3 years after a national intervention. Midwifery instructors demonstrated statistically significant improvements in knowledge of and exposure to PAC and manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) after the intervention. A follow‐up interview with 149 student midwives post graduation showed increased knowledge, exposure to, and use of MVA in the workplace.ConclusionSignificant changes in graduate midwives' exposure, practice, and provision of PAC services resulted from a national intervention to improve the training environment and skills of midwifery instructors and students in the 6 schools of midwifery selected for evaluation.
Molecular epidemiology and phylogeography ofSchistosoma mansoniaround Lake Victoria
Authors: STANDLEY C. J. , KABATEREINE N. B. , LANGE C. N. , LWAMBO N. J. S. , STOTHARD J. R. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYIntestinal schistosomiasis continues to be a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, and is endemic in communities around Lake Victoria. Interest is growing in the molecular evolution and population genetic structure ofSchistosoma mansoniand we describe a detailed analysis of the molecular epidemiology and phylogeography ofS. mansonifrom Lake Victoria. In total, 388 cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) sequences were obtained from 25 sites along the Ugandan, Tanzanian and Kenyan shorelines of Lake Victoria, and 122 unique barcodes were identified; 9 corresponded to previously discovered barcodes from Lakes Victoria and Albert. A subset of the data, composed of COI sequences from miracidia from 10 individual children, was used for population genetics analyses; these results were corroborated by microsatellite analysis of 4 isolates of lab-passaged adult worms. Overall, 12 barcodes were found to be shared across all 3 countries, whereas the majority occurred singly and were locally restricted. The population genetics analyses were in agreement in revealing high diversity at the level of the human host and negligible population structuring by location. The lack of correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance in these data may be attributed to the confounding influence of high intra-individual diversity as well as human migration between communities.
‘Selective Flexicurity’ in Segmented Labour Markets: The Case of Italian ‘Mid-Siders’
Authors: JESSOULA MATTEO , GRAZIANO PAOLO R. , MADAMA ILARIA 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe article is focused on the analysis of flexicurity arrangements in the Italian case with a twofold aim. The first aim is substantive: analysing and evaluating recent labour market reforms in Italy with particular reference to the possible emergence of a new flexicurity model. The second goal is to contribute to the debate on labour market development and flexicurity by enriching and refining the available analytical tools. More specifically, we argue that the traditional conceptual ‘lenses’ focusing on the ‘insiders’/‘outsiders’ divide are inadequate to grasp the ongoing changes in the Italian labour market. This leads us to identify a third category of workers, the ‘mid-siders’, who are increasingly relevant in the Italian case and may prove to be relevant in other labour markets too. Moreover, we introduce the concept of ‘selective flexicurity’, referring to the fact that in the Italian case flexibility and security measures have been applied differently across the various categories of workers.
Microbiological and molecular characterization of nosocomial and community Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Authors: SCAZZOCCHIO F. , AQUILANTI L. , TABACCHINI C. , IEBBA V. , PASSARIELLO C. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYThis study aimed to evaluate the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infections in different departments of Belcolle Hospital in Viterbo and the surrounding area between January 2003 and June 2008. Isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) recovered in this time interval were characterized by microbiological and molecular methods to evaluate the reliability of simple criteria to distinguish between hospital-acquired and community-acquired isolates. MRSA accounted for 33% of all S. aureus, with a significantly higher prevalence in isolates from nosocomial infections. MRSA isolates were assayed by PCR for the presence of 13 genes associated with virulence, agr type and SCCmec type. Cumulative data were analysed by partial least square discriminant analysis and a clear correlation was demonstrated between genetic profiles and classification of isolates as hospital or community acquired according to simple temporal criteria. Nosocomial MRSA isolates from blood samples showed significantly higher genetic diversity than other nosocomial isolates. Our data confirm the existence of significant differences between community- and hospital-acquired MRSA isolates.
A school outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection: assessment of secondary household transmission and the protective role of oseltamivir
Authors: LEUNG Y. H. , LI M. P. , CHUANG S. K. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYIn mid-June 2009, an outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) infection occurred in a secondary school in Hong Kong. We carried out an epidemiological investigation to delineate the characteristics of the outbreak, gauge the extent of secondary household transmission, and assess the protective role of oseltamivir in household contacts. We interviewed pH1N1-confirmed cases using a standardized questionnaire. Sixty-five of 511 students in the school were affected. Of the 205 household contacts identified, 12 were confirmed as cases. All cases recovered. The estimated secondary household attack rate was 5·9% (95% CI 2·7–9·1). Household contacts aged <18 years were about 15 times more likely to be infected than older contacts. Household contacts who had received oseltamivir prophylaxis were less likely to acquire a secondary infection than those who had not (odds ratio=0). The estimated mean household serial interval of pH1N1 virus was 2·8 days (95% CI 2·1–3·4 days).
Bridges: a tool for identifying local similarities in long sequences
Authors: Kondrashov Alexey S. , Assis Raquel 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Summary: Bridges is a heuristic search tool that uses short word matches to rapidly identify local similarities between sequences. It consists of three stages: filtering input sequences, identifying local similarities and post-processing local similarities. As input sequence data are released from memory after the filtering stage, genome-scale datasets can be efficiently compared in a single run. Bridges also includes 20 parameters, which enable the user to dictate the sensitivity and specificity of a search.
Availability: Bridges is implemented in the C programming language and can be run on all platforms. Source code and documentation are available at http://github.com/rassis/bridges.
Contact: kondrash@umich.edu
Turning carbon dioxide into fuel
Authors: Jiang Z. , Xiao T. , Kuznetsov V. L. , Edwards P. P. 
Published: June 2010

Our present dependence on fossil fuels means that, as our demand for energy inevitably increases, so do emissions of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide (CO
2
). To avoid the obvious consequences on climate change, the concentration of such greenhouse gases in the atmosphere must be stabilized. But, as populations grow and economies develop, future demands now ensure that energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. This unique set of (coupled) challenges also means that science and engineering have a unique opportunity—and a burgeoning challenge—to apply their understanding to provide sustainable energy solutions. Integrated carbon capture and subsequent sequestration is generally advanced as the most promising option to tackle greenhouse gases in the short to medium term. Here, we provide a brief overview of an alternative mid- to long-term option, namely, the capture and conversion of CO
2
, to produce sustainable, synthetic hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuels, most notably for transportation purposes.

Basically, the approach centres on the concept of the large-scale re-use of CO
2
released by human activity to produce synthetic fuels, and how this challenging approach could assume an important role in tackling the issue of global CO
2
emissions. We highlight three possible strategies involving CO
2
conversion by physico-chemical approaches: sustainable (or renewable) synthetic methanol, syngas production derived from flue gases from coal-, gas- or oil-fired electric power stations, and photochemical production of synthetic fuels. The use of CO
2
to synthesize commodity chemicals is covered elsewhere (

Arakawa
et al.
2001

Chem. Rev.
101
, 953–996); this review is focused on the possibilities for the conversion of CO
2
to fuels. Although these three prototypical areas differ in their ultimate applications, the underpinning thermodynamic considerations centre on the conversion—and hence the utilization—of CO
2
. Here, we hope to illustrate that advances in the science and engineering of materials are critical for these new energy technologies, and specific examples are given for all three examples.

With sufficient advances, and institutional and political support, such scientific and technological innovations could help to regulate/stabilize the CO
2
levels in the atmosphere
and
thereby extend the use of fossil-fuel-derived feedstocks.
Arabidopsis ROOT UVB SENSITIVE2/WEAK AUXIN RESPONSE1Is Required for Polar Auxin Transport
Authors: Ge L. , Peer W. , Robert S. , Swarup R. , Ye S. , Prigge M. , Cohen J.D. , Friml J. , Murphy A. , Tang D. , Estelle M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAuxin is an essential phytohormone that regulates many aspects of plant development. To identify new genes that function in auxin signaling, we performed a genetic screen for Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with an alteration in the expression of the auxin-responsive reporter DR5rev:GFP (for green fluorescent protein). One of the mutants recovered in this screen, called weak auxin response1 (wxr1), has a defect in auxin response and exhibits a variety of auxin-related growth defects in the root. Polar auxin transport is reduced in wxr1 seedlings, resulting in auxin accumulation in the hypocotyl and cotyledons and a reduction in auxin levels in the root apex. In addition, the levels of the PIN auxin transport proteins are reduced in the wxr1 root. We also show that WXR1 is ROOT UV-B SENSITIVE2 (RUS2), a member of the broadly conserved DUF647 domain protein family found in diverse eukaryotic organisms. Our data indicate that RUS2/WXR1 is required for auxin transport and to maintain the normal levels of PIN proteins in the root.
The Molecular Basis for Distinct Pathways for Protein Import into Arabidopsis Chloroplasts
Authors: Inoue Hitoshi , Rounds Caleb , Schnell Danny J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The translocons at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOCs) initiate the import of thousands of nucleus-encoded proteins into the organelle. The identification of structurally and functionally distinct TOC complexes has led to the hypothesis that the translocons constitute different import pathways that are required to coordinate the import of sets of proteins whose expression varies in response to organelle biogenesis and physiological adaptation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the molecular basis for distinct TOC pathways by analyzing the functional diversification among the Toc159 family of TOC receptors. We demonstrate that the N-terminal A-domains of the Toc159 receptors regulate their selectivity for preprotein binding. Furthermore, the in vivo function of the two major Toc159 family members (atToc159 and atToc132) can be largely switched by swapping their A-domains in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. On the basis of these results, we propose that the A-domains of the Toc159 receptors are major determinants of distinct pathways for protein import into chloroplasts.
Clinical trial: the effects of a probiotic mixture on non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug enteropathy – a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Montalto M. , Gallo A. , Curigliano V. , D’Onofrio F. , Santoro L. , Covino M. , Dalvai S. , Gasbarrini A. , Gasbarrini G. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 209–214SummaryBackground  Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause serious gastrointestinal side effects. Faecal calprotectin assay represents a simple and practical method for diagnosis of NSAID enteropathy. Intestinal micro‐organisms are necessary for the development of NSAID‐induced small bowel lesions and hence it has been suggested that probiotics could protect against NSAID enteropathy.Aim  To evaluate the effect of a probiotic mixture in comparison with placebo on faecal calprotectin concentrations (FCCs) in healthy volunteers receiving indomethacin.Methods  In a double‐blind, cross‐over trial, 20 healthy volunteers ingested a daily dose of probiotic mixture (VSL#3) or placebo for 21 days. From day 16 to day 19, all subjects were also administered 50 mg/day of indomethacin. FCCs were measured the day before starting probiotic/placebo ingestion (T0), and every day from day 15 to day 21.Results  During dosing with probiotic, median FCCs were significantly increased only at day 17 with respect to T0 values, whereas during dosing with placebo, they were significantly increased at every day from day 17 to day 21 with respect to T0 values.Conclusions  Treatment with VSL#3 before and during indomethacin therapy significantly reduces FCCs in healthy subjects with respect to placebo, suggesting that this approach could be useful in decreasing indomethacin‐induced intestinal inflammation.
The economics of coeliac disease: a population‐based study
Authors: Long K. H. , Rubio‐Tapia A. , Wagie A. E. , Melton III L. J. , Lahr B. D. , Van Dyke C. T. , Murray J. A. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 261–269SummaryBackground  Despite increasing prevalence, the economic implications of coeliac disease are just emerging.Aims  To assess the impact of coeliac disease diagnosis on healthcare costs and the incremental costs associated with coeliac disease.Methods  Administrative data for a population‐based cohort of coeliac disease cases and matched controls from Olmsted County, Minnesota were used to compare (i) direct medical costs 1 year pre‐ and post‐coeliac disease diagnosis for 133 index cases and (ii) 4‐year cumulative direct medical costs incurred by 153 index cases vs. 153 controls. Analyses exclude diagnostic‐related and out‐patient pharmaceutical costs.Results  Average total costs were reduced by $1764 in the year following diagnosis (pre‐diagnosis cost of $5023 vs. $3259; 95% CI of difference: $688 to $2993). Over a 4‐year period, coeliac disease cases experienced higher out‐patient costs (mean difference of $1457; P = 0.016) and higher total costs than controls (mean difference of $3964; P = 0.053). Excess average total costs were concentrated among males with coeliac disease ($14 191 vs. $4019 for male controls; 95% CI of difference: $2334 to $20 309).Conclusions  Coeliac disease‐associated costs indicate a significant economic burden of disease, particularly for diseased males. Diagnosis and treatment of coeliac disease reduce medical costs of care suggesting an economic advantage to earlier detection and treatment.
Sand aspiration: a case report and review of the radiological features and management
Authors: Appelboam R. , Williams M. P. , Duffy M. R. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryWe report a case of severe sand aspiration in association with near‐drowning, which led to respiratory failure secondary to the acute respiratory distress syndrome, necessitating mechanical ventilation, repeated therapeutic bronchoscopic lavage, and a stay in the intensive care unit that exceeded one month.
Evaluation of the novel, single‐use, flexible aScope® for tracheal intubation in the simulated difficult airway and first clinical experiences
Authors: Piepho T. , Werner C. , Noppens R. R. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryFlexible fibreoptic intubation is widely accepted as an important modality for the management of patients with difficult airways. We compared the aScope®, a novel, single‐use, flexible video‐endoscope designed to aid tracheal intubation, with a standard flexible intubating fibrescope, by examining the performance of 21 anaesthetists during an easy and difficult intubation simulation in a manikin. Intubation success, time for intubation, and rating of the devices (using a scale from 1, excellent to 6, fail) were documented. Intubation times were similar for both flexible 'scopes in the scenarios (p = 0.59). Successful intubation rates were higher for the standard intubating fibrescope (17/21, 81%) than the aScope (14/21, 67%; p = 0.02) in the difficult intubation scenario. The median (IQR[range]) ratings for the standard fibrescope vs the aScope were respectively: overall, 2 (1.75–2 [1–2.5]) vs 3 (2–3.25 [1–5]) (p < 0.0001); picture quality 2 (1.5–2 [1–3]) vs 3 (2–4 [1–5]) (p < 0.0001). The aScope was also successfully used to facilitate tracheal intubation in five patients with anticipated or unanticipated difficult airways. Picture quality was sufficient to identify the anatomical landmarks. Although the performance of the aScope is acceptable, it does not meet the current quality of standard flexible intubation fibrescopes.