bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallow Subsurface Water at the Base of Europa's Double Ridges
Authors: Steinbrügge G. , Patterson G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent numerical modeling and the detection of an Earth analog advanced our understanding of the formation mechanisms behind Europa's distinctive double ridges. Notably, a recent contribution by Cashion et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023je008007), demonstrated that ice wedging as a primary formation mechanism can accurately reproduce the topographic characteristics of double ridges. Building on previous theoretical foundations laid by Melosh and Turtle (2004, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004LPI….35.2029M/abstract), it hints at a complex hydrological system within the ice shell, characterized by local reservoirs and cycles of freezing that could also explain other observed geological formations, such as lenticulae and chaos terrain. This dynamic suggests the possibility of material exchange processes within the ice shell of Europa and enhances our understanding of the moon's habitability.
Apollo Impact Melts Record a Rapidly Declining Impact Rate in the Late Imbrian
Authors: Blevins A. M. , Minton D. A. , Huang Y. H. , Du J. , Tremblay M. M. , Fassett C. I. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCrater chronology functions are used to estimate absolute surface ages using the number density of observed craters. The calibration of chronology functions is done using crater counts on regions with radiometrically dated samples. Both the Neukum Production Function (NPF) and Robbins Production Function (RPF) contain lunar chronology functions anchored by Apollo and Luna samples that have measured absolute ages and are known to be from surfaces with measured crater densities. However, these functions were constructed using different data and assumptions for their respective crater counts, and their functions differ in the rate of decline during the Imbrian period (3–3.9 Ga). In particular, the RPF suggests that the decline in impact rate was much more rapid than the decline suggested by the NPF. We use a numerical impact bombardment model called CTEM to track the production and transportation of impact melts. Using CTEM, we simulated the bombardment history of the Moon under each chronology function, and calculated the age distribution of impact melts mixed in the top meter of regolith at locations corresponding to the Apollo 14–17 landing sites. These results were then compared to the age distribution of Apollo impact melts. We find the rapid decline suggested by the RPF to be a better match to the age distribution of Apollo impact melts than the gradual decline of the NPF.
Synergism between TLR4 and B. infantis in the development of the premature intestine
Authors: Huang Wuyang , Djebali Karim , Cho Ky Young , Gardner Kimberly , Fasano Alessio , Meng Di , Walker W. Allan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Intestinal microbiota has a role in early life maturation including maturation of intestinal immune function. However, the interaction of the TLR4 with colonizing bacteria in intestinal development is incompletely understood.

Methods
An established human immature small intestinal cell line, human fetal intestinal organoids, and wild-type (WT) and TLR4 gene knockout (TLR4 −/−) neonatal mice were used to test the synergism between the innate immune receptor TLR4 and postbiotics from Bifidobacteria longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in development of the premature intestine.

Results
TLR4-mediated postbiotics induced immature enterocyte proliferation and filamentous actin (F-actin) maturation both at the mRNA and protein levels. Proliferation of mRNA levels increased in wild-type mice but not in TLR4 −/− mice fed by postbiotics, both in the ileum and colon. Postbiotics can also change tight junction distribution in WT neonatal colon but not in TLR4 −/− mice.

Conclusions
Our data suggest a novel regulation of intestinal development by a synergistic role of the innate immune receptor TLR4 and early life colonizing bacteria, such as B. infantis. This study should provide new insights into the mechanisms of intestinal maturation as well as opportunities to target novel approaches to NEC prevention and treatment.

Impact

The innate immune system and postbiotics affect immature intestinal development.

The innate immune receptor TLR4 prevention of NEC.

Mechanism of prevention of NEC.

This is the first time this has been demonstrated in human fetal intestine.

In vitro process for future clinical studies for prevention of NEC.
Harnessing metastability for grain size control in multiprincipal element alloys during additive manufacturing
Authors: Wakai Akane , Bustillos Jenniffer , Sargent Noah , Stokes Jamesa L. , Xiong Wei , Smith Timothy M. , Moridi Atieh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Controlling microstructure in fusion-based metal additive manufacturing (AM) remains a significant challenge due to the many parameters that directly impact solidification condition. Multiprincipal element alloys (MPEAs), also known as high entropy alloys, offer a vast compositional space to design for microstructural engineering due to their chemical complexity and exceptional properties. Here, we use the FeMnCoCr system as a model platform for exploring alloy design in MPEAs for AM. By exploiting the decreasing stability of the face-centered cubic phase with increasing Mn content, we achieve notable grain refinement and breakdown of epitaxial columnar grain growth. We employ a multifaceted approach encompassing thermodynamic modeling, operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction, multiscale microstructural characterization, and mechanical testing to gain insight into the solidification physics and its ramifications on the resulting microstructure of FeMnCoCr MPEAs. This work aims toward tailoring desirable grain sizes and morphology through targeted manipulation of phase stability, thereby advancing microstructure control in AM applications.
Potential of extracellular vesicle cargo as molecular signals in Schizophrenia: a scoping review
Authors: Gangachannaiah Shivaprakash , Shenoy Smita , Upadhya Dinesh , Stanly Elstin Anbu Raj , Gudi Nachiket , Lakshmi Chandrashekar Pallavi , Praharaj Samir Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCZ) primarily relies on clinical history and mental status assessments by trained professionals. There has been a search for biomarkers to facilitate laboratory diagnosis. Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) communicate with brain cells and can easily cross blood-brain barrier, there is increased interest among experts to explore them as potential molecular signals for disease detection. A scoping review was conducted to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature to identify the differentially expressed molecular signals in EVs isolated from SCZ patients. The methodological framework outline provided by Arksey and O’Malley was employed to conduct this scoping review. A systematic search was conducted using a search string across four databases, ultimately leading to selection of 24 relevant studies. Over 1122 differentially expressed biomolecules were identified in EVs extracted from biological fluids and tissues that can be primarily categorized as RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Among them, 83 biomolecules were identified as validated differentially expressed molecular signals, which included metabolites, circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. These biomolecules were found to affect cellular receptors and intracellular pathways, neurotransmitters, mitochondrial functions, immune-related functions, and metabolic pathways, which could serve as potential biomarkers for SCZ diagnosis.
Transcriptomic neuron types vary topographically in function and morphology
Authors: Shainer Inbal , Kappel Johannes M. , Laurell Eva , Donovan Joseph C. , Schneider Martin W. , Kuehn Enrico , Arnold-Ammer Irene , Stemmer Manuel , Larsch Johannes , Baier Herwig 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neuronal phenotypic traits such as morphology, connectivity and function are dictated, to a large extent, by a specific combination of differentially expressed genes. Clusters of neurons in transcriptomic space correspond to distinct cell types and in some cases—for example, Caenorhabditis elegans neurons1 and retinal ganglion cells2–4—have been shown to share morphology and function. The zebrafish optic tectum is composed of a spatial array of neurons that transforms visual inputs into motor outputs. Although the visuotopic map is continuous, subregions of the tectum are functionally specialized5,6. Here, to uncover the cell-type architecture of the tectum, we transcriptionally profiled its neurons, revealing more than 60 cell types that are organized in distinct anatomical layers. We measured the visual responses of thousands of tectal neurons by two-photon calcium imaging and matched them with their transcriptional profiles. Furthermore, we characterized the morphologies of transcriptionally identified neurons using specific transgenic lines. Notably, we found that neurons that are transcriptionally similar can diverge in shape, connectivity and visual responses. Incorporating the spatial coordinates of neurons within the tectal volume revealed functionally and morphologically defined anatomical subclusters within individual transcriptomic clusters. Our findings demonstrate that extrinsic, position-dependent factors expand the phenotypic repertoire of genetically similar neurons.
Segment Anything for Microscopy
Authors: Archit Anwai , Freckmann Luca , Nair Sushmita , Khalid Nabeel , Hilt Paul , Rajashekar Vikas , Freitag Marei , Teuber Carolin , Buckley Genevieve , von Haaren Sebastian , Gupta Sagnik , Dengel Andreas , Ahmed Sheraz , Pape Constantin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate segmentation of objects in microscopy images remains a bottleneck for many researchers despite the number of tools developed for this purpose. Here, we present Segment Anything for Microscopy (μSAM), a tool for segmentation and tracking in multidimensional microscopy data. It is based on Segment Anything, a vision foundation model for image segmentation. We extend it by fine-tuning generalist models for light and electron microscopy that clearly improve segmentation quality for a wide range of imaging conditions. We also implement interactive and automatic segmentation in a napari plugin that can speed up diverse segmentation tasks and provides a unified solution for microscopy annotation across different microscopy modalities. Our work constitutes the application of vision foundation models in microscopy, laying the groundwork for solving image analysis tasks in this domain with a small set of powerful deep learning models.
Cellpose3: one-click image restoration for improved cellular segmentation
Authors: Stringer Carsen , Pachitariu Marius 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Generalist methods for cellular segmentation have good out-of-the-box performance on a variety of image types; however, existing methods struggle for images that are degraded by noise, blurring or undersampling, all of which are common in microscopy. We focused the development of Cellpose3 on addressing these cases and here we demonstrate substantial out-of-the-box gains in segmentation and image quality for noisy, blurry and undersampled images. Unlike previous approaches that train models to restore pixel values, we trained Cellpose3 to output images that are well segmented by a generalist segmentation model, while maintaining perceptual similarity to the target images. Furthermore, we trained the restoration models on a large, varied collection of datasets, thus ensuring good generalization to user images. We provide these tools as ‘one-click’ buttons inside the graphical interface of Cellpose as well as in the Cellpose API.
Structural performance evaluation of electric vehicle chassis under static and dynamic loads
Authors: Zamzam Omar , Ramzy Aly A. , Abdelaziz Mohamed , Elnady Tamer , El-Wahab Ayman A. Abd 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electric vehicle (EV) production is pivotal in achieving environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Since the weight of electric vehicles directly influences the energy consumption and driving range of the vehicle, innovative engineers face a significant challenge in designing an optimized vehicle chassis that remains robust under complex loading conditions. This paper focuses on the dynamic analysis of an EV chassis subjected to transient suspension forces due to hitting speed bumps and proposes a load factor between static and dynamic loads. A quarter vehicle model was adopted and solved using MATLAB Simulink to simulate the transient force transmitted to the chassis under different bump dimensions and vehicle speeds. The load was implemented into three different dynamic analysis studies: Front Loading, Rear Loading, and Torsional Loading. Subsequently, static and dynamic analyses were performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with SimSolid software. The results obtained from the dynamic analysis studies showed that the maximum stress was 288 MPa with a safety factor of 1.12, while the maximum stress in the static analysis was 64 MPa with a safety factor of 5.69. Additionally, a load factor of 4.44 between static and dynamic loads was revealed. Based on these findings, the chassis experiences only elastic deformation and is considered safe for practical use.
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma Gondii among cancer patients in Sohag, Upper Egypt: a case-control study
Authors: Fadel Eman Fathi , Tolba Mohammed Essa Marghany , Ahmed Amal Mostafa , EL-Hady Hanaa Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) affects around 30% of humans worldwide. Recently, it has emerged as a significant opportunistic pathogen to immunocompromised patients. Data available is still lacking about toxoplasmosis in cancer patients in Egypt. This study aimed to reveal the current trend of T. gondii in cancer patients in Sohag, Egypt. Sera from 50 cancer patients and 50 healthy controls were screened for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM. Further, buffy coats from both groups were used for detection of T. gondii B1 and RE genes via conventional and nested PCR, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG was high (58%). IgG and IgM were detected in 30% and 9% cancer patients, respectively. Patients with solid cancers exhibited a greater IgG seropositivity compared to those with hematologic tumors (77.27% and 46.43%, respectively) (P = 0.03). Concerning the molecular results, only 4 (9%) were positive regarding both PCR assays. In conclusion, T. gondii is highly prevalent in cancer patients in Sohag, Egypt. PCR is strongly recommended to complement serology to diagnose acute or reactivated toxoplasmosis in cancer patients. B1 PCR was found to be equivalent to RE PCR. Nevertheless, thorough large-scale research must be implemented.
Enhanced multiscale plant disease detection with the PYOLO model innovations
Authors: Wang Yirong , Wang Yuhao , Mu Jiong , Raza Mustafa Ghulam , Wu Qianqian , Wang Ying , Zhao Bi , Zhao Siyue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Timely detection of plant diseases is crucial for agricultural safety, product quality, and environmental protection. However, plant disease detection faces several challenges, including the diversity of plant disease scenarios and complex backgrounds. To address these issues, we propose a plant disease detection model named PYOLO. Firstly, the model enhances feature fusion capabilities by optimizing the PAN structure, introducing a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN), and repeatedly fusing top and bottom scale features. Additionally, the model’s ability to focus on different parts of the image is improved by redesigning the EC2f structure and dynamically adjusting the convolutional kernel size to better capture features at various scales. Finally, the MHC2f mechanism is designed to enhance the model’s ability to perceive complex backgrounds and targets at different scales by utilizing its self-attention mechanism for parallel processing. Experiments demonstrate that the model’s mAP value increases by 4.1% compared to YOLOv8n, confirming its superiority in plant disease detection.
Soluble cerebral Aβ protofibrils link Aβ plaque pathology to changes in CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios, neurofilament light and tau in Alzheimer’s disease model mice
Authors: Andersson Emelie , Lindblom Nils , Janelidze Shorena , Salvadó Gemma , Gkanatsiou Eleni , Söderberg Linda , Möller Christer , Lannfelt Lars , Ge Junyue , Hanrieder Jörg , Blennow Kaj , Deierborg Tomas , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Zetterberg Henrik , Gouras Gunnar , Hansson Oskar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the concentrations of neurofilament light (NfL) and total tau (t-tau) are changed in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)1, but their neurobiological correlates are not entirely understood. Here, we used 5xFAD transgenic mice to investigate the associations between these CSF biomarkers and measures of cerebral Aβ, including Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios in plaques, insoluble fibrillar deposits and soluble protofibrils. A high Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in soluble protofibrils was the strongest independent predictor of low CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios and high CSF NfL and t-tau concentrations when compared to Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios in plaques and insoluble fibrillar deposits. Furthermore, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in soluble protofibrils fully mediated the associations between the corresponding ratio in plaques and all the investigated CSF biomarkers. In App
NL-G-F/NL-G-F knock-in mice, protofibrils fully mediated the association between plaques and the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. Together, the results suggest that the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in CSF might better reflect brain levels of soluble Aβ protofibrils than insoluble Aβ fibrils in plaques in AD. Furthermore, elevated concentrations of NfL and t-tau in CSF might be triggered by increased brain levels of soluble Aβ protofibrils.
Polariton emission properties of an organic dye-doped polymer microcavity
Authors: Xue Lulu , Chen Ziyang , Zhang Yatong , Yan Xiaoya , Zhao Liang , Jia Pengxue , Gao Bo , Shi Hongyan 
Published: February 2025

The N,N′-bis(2-phenylethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene dicarboximide (EP-PDI) dye-doped polymer, with stable and strong excimer emission at a specific concentration, high PLQYs, can achieve strong exciton–photon coupling.
A squeeze‐and‐excitation network for SNR estimation of communication signals
Authors: Hu Deming , Zhao Yongjie , Xie WenJun , Xiao Qingxin , Li Longqing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAccurate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) estimation is critical in wireless communication systems as it directly impacts system performance and the assessment of signal quality. Recent advances in deep learning‐based SNR estimation have significantly improved estimation accuracy in low SNR conditions. This paper presents a novel deep learning approach that uses a power spectrum generated through overlapping segmentation as input to a neural network for SNR estimation. The performance of SNR estimation has been enhanced by integrating an augmented squeeze‐and‐excitation (SE) attention mechanism with a residual block fusion module, employing multiple residual structures, and deepening the network architecture. To validate the efficacy of this method, extensive simulation experiments were conducted under various scenarios, including additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), Rayleigh, and Rician channel conditions. The results demonstrate that this method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art techniques in high SNR environments and across diverse channel conditions. Furthermore, there is only minimal performance degradation under low signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions.
Das Immunsystem multimodal stärken
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: February 2025

SummaryDas Immunsystem kann durch die Kombination verschiedener naturheilkundlicher Therapiemaßnahmen wie Phytotherapie, Homöopathie und Osteopathie gestärkt werden. Als konkrete Arzneimitteloptionen stehen etwa verschiedene Vitamine und Spurenelemente, Meerrettich, Kapuzinerkresse und Echinacea, Maitake, Cordyceps etc. zur Verfügung. Osteopathische Techniken zielen auf Zirkulation, Harmonisierung der abdominalen Viszera und vegetativen Ausgleich ab.
Preferred Working Time Models and Equal Opportunities in Gynecology and Obstetrics: Results of the Systematic Trinational FARBEN Survey
Authors: Tauber Nikolas , Amann Niklas , Foessleitner Philipp , Klee Amanda , Becker Claudia , Kiblawi Rama , Göpfert Martin , Kiessling Nora , Taumberger Nadja , Beizermann Evelin , Krawczyk Natalia , Simowitsch Solveig , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Toth Bettina , Müller Michael , Weiss Martin , Reiser Elisabeth , Eggimann Thomas , Rody Achim , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe trinational survey project conducted by the Young Forums of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Societies for Gynecology and Obstetrics aims to assess the preferences of prospective and practicing gynecologists regarding various work-time models, the compatibility of family and career, as well as parental leave.Between October 2023 and May 2024, a total of 1364 participants took part in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of 62 questions covering topics such as the workplace in general, work-time models, training priorities, team compositions, and professional goals. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.Of the 1364 participants, 75.3% were employed in Germany, 12.9% in Austria, and 11.8% in Switzerland. Men were significantly more likely to aspire to a chief physician position compared to women (26.5% vs. 3.6%; p < 0.001). Only 12.5% of participants overall preferred full-time employment, although 63.0% of residents worked full-time. Additionally, 65.4% of respondents stated that their workplace did not provide childcare with flexible hours. At the same time, 76.0% valued workplace-proximate childcare as an important factor in choosing an employer.The results highlight heterogeneous and individual needs and priorities among all (prospective) gynecologists. At a time when individuality and equality are becoming increasingly significant, it is essential to promote work environments that meet the demands and needs of all physicians. The results should therefore be critically discussed to implement potential adjustments and improvements in practice.