bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 strains bearing Omicron BA.1 spike replicate in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Ogger Patricia P. , Martín Minerva Garcia , Jang Soyeon , Zhou Jie , Brown Jonathan , Sukhova Ksenia , Furnon Wilhelm , Patel Arvind H. , Cowton Vanessa , Palmarini Massimo , Barclay Wendy S. , Johansson Cecilia 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID pandemic, is an RNA virus with a high propensity to mutate. Successive virus variants, including variants of concern (VOC), have emerged with increased transmission or immune escape. The original pandemic virus and early variants replicated poorly, if at all, in mice at least partly due to a mismatch between the receptor binding domain on the viral spike protein and the murine angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Omicron VOC emerged in late 2021 harboring &gt; 50 new mutations, 35 of them in the spike protein. This variant resulted in a very large wave of infections, even in the face of prior immunity, albeit being inherently less severe than earlier variants. Reflecting the lower severity reported in humans, Omicron displayed attenuated infection in hamsters and also in the K18-hACE2 mouse model. K18-hACE2 mice express both the human ACE2 as well as the endogenous mouse ACE2.MethodsHere we infected hACE2knock-in mice that express only human ACE2 and no murine ACE2, or C57BL/6 wildtype mice with SARS-CoV-2 D614G (first-wave isolate), Delta or Omicron BA.1 variants and assessed infectivity and downstream innate immune responses.ResultsWhile replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron was lower in the lungs of hACE2knock-in mice compared with SARS-CoV-2 D614G and VOC Delta, it replicated more efficiently than the earlier variants in C57BL/6 wildtype mice. This opens the opportunity to test the effect of host genetics on SARS-CoV-2 infections in wildtype mice. As a proof of principle, we tested Omicron infection in mice lacking expression of the interferon-alpha receptor-1 (IFNAR1). In these mice we found that loss of type I IFN receptor signaling resulted in higher viral loads in the lungs were detected. Finally, using a chimeric virus of first wave SARS-CoV-2 harboring the Omicron spike protein, we show that Omicron spike increase infection of C57BL/6 wildtype mice, but non-spike genes of Omicron confer attenuation of viral replication.DiscussionSince this chimeric virus efficiently infected C57BL/6 wildtype mice, and replicated in their lungs, our findings illustrate a pathway for genetic mapping of virushost interactions during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in pleural effusion as a diagnostic marker for early discrimination of pulmonary tuberculosis from pneumonia
Authors: Kim Eun Sun , Islam Jahirul , Lee Hee-Jae , Seong Seung-Yong , Youn Je-In , Kwon Byoung Soo , Kim Se Joong , Lee Jae-Ho 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionTuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) stands as one of the primary forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and frequently manifests in regions with a high prevalence of TB, consequently being a notable cause of pleural effusion in such areas. However, the differentiation between TPE and parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) presents diagnostic complexities. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the pleural fluid as a potential diagnostic marker for distinguishing between TPE and PPE.MethodsAdult patients, aged 18 years or older, who presented to the emergency room of a tertiary referral hospital and received a first-time diagnosis of pleural effusion, were prospectively enrolled in the study. Various immune cell populations, including T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and MDSCs, were analyzed in both pleural fluid and peripheral blood samples.ResultsIn pleural fluid, the frequency of lymphocytes, including T, B, and NK cells, was notably higher in TPE compared to PPE. Conversely, the frequency of polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs was significantly higher in PPE. Notably, compared to traditional markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and adenosine deaminase level, the frequency of PMN-MDSCs emerged as a more effective discriminator between PPE and TPE. PMN-MDSCs demonstrated superior positive and negative predictive values and exhibited a higher area under the curve in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. PMN-MDSCs in pleural effusion increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and suppressed the production of interferon-gamma from T cells following nonspecific stimulation. These findings suggest that MDSC-mediated immune suppression may contribute to the pathology of both TPE and PPE.DiscussionThe frequency of PMN-MDSCs in pleural fluid is a clinically useful indicator for distinguishing between TPE and PPE.
Efficacy and safety of Trastuzumab Emtansine in treating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer in Chinese population: a real-world multicenter study
Authors: He Miao , Zhao Wen , Wang Peng , Li Wenhuan , Chen Hanhan , Yuan Zonghuai , Pan Guangye , Gao Hong , Sun Lijun , Chu Jiahui , Li Li , Hu Yu 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundTrastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has been approved worldwide for treating metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in patients who have received first-line therapy, shown disease progression, and are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive. T-DM1 received approval in China to treat early-stage breast cancer (BC) in 2020 and for mBC in 2021. In March 2023, T-DM1 was included in medical insurance coverage, significantly expanding the eligible population.Materials and methodsThis post-marketing observational study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of T-DM1 in real-world clinical practice in China. This study enrolled 31 individuals with HER2-positive early-stage BC and 70 individuals with HER2-positive advanced BC from 8 study centers in Shandong Province, China. The T-DM1 dosage was 3.6 mg/kg injected intravenously every 3 weeks until the disease advanced or the drug toxicity became uncontrollable, whichever occurred earlier. Additionally, efficacy and safety information on T-DM1 were collected.ResultsDuring the 7-month follow-up period, no recurrence or metastases were observed in patients who had early-stage BC. The disease control rate was 31.43% (22/70) in patients with advanced BC. The most common adverse effect of T-DM1 was thrombocytopenia, with an incidence of 69.31% (70/101), and the probability of Grade ≥ 3 thrombocytopenia was 11.88% (12/101).ConclusionThis real-world study demonstrated that T-DM1 had good efficacy and was well tolerated by both HER2-positive early-stage BC and mBC patients.
Association of body mass index with clinical outcome of primary WHO grade 4 glioma
Authors: Wang Jiejun , Hao Zhaonian , Li Ruyuan , Wu Weiqi , Huang Na , Zhang Kangna , Hao Shuyu , Feng Jie , Chu Junsheng , Ji Nan 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe prognostic value of body mass index (BMI) in primary WHO grade 4 gliomas is not widely acknowledged. This study aims to assess the survival outcomes of patients with different BMIs.MethodsReal-world data of patients diagnosed with primary WHO grade 4 (2021 version) glioma was assessed. All 127 patients admitted in this study were administered with standard-of-care from September 2018 to September 2021. The outcomes of overall survival and progression-free survival were analyzed.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of clinical features, molecular features, and secondary treatment in BMI subsets showed no significant difference. The survival analyses showed a significantly superior overall survival (OS) in the overweight group compared to the normal weight group. A trend of better OS in the overweight group compared to the obesity group was observed. The univariate Cox regression demonstrated patients of round-BMI 25 and 26 had superior OS outcomes.ConclusionIn this real-world setting, patients with a BMI between 24 and 28 have superior overall survival. Patients in the proper BMI range may acquire survival benefits undergoing standard-of-care of primary WHO grade 4 gliomas. The prospective studies on a larger scale on these subsets of patients are necessary to solve the paradox of BMI in glioma.
Association between atorvastatin and erectile dysfunction: a comprehensive analysis incorporating real-world pharmacovigilance and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Chen Kaiqin , Huang Hesen , Chen Yongtai , He Weizhen 
Published: April 2024

Background:Atorvastatin is a commonly prescribed medication for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Recent observational studies have suggested a potential association between atorvastatin use and the occurrence of Erectile Dysfunction (ED). In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between atorvastatin and ED using real-world data from the FAERS database and employed Mendelian randomization to assess causality.Methods:To evaluate the disproportionality of atorvastatin in relation to ED, we conducted several pharmacovigilance analyses, including odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and gamma-Poisson contractile apparatus (GPS). Additionally, we employed Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal relationship between atorvastatin and ED.Results:Pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis revealed a significant association between atorvastatin and ED, as indicated by the following results: ROR [3.707078559, 95% CI (3.33250349, 4.123756054)], PRR [3.702969038, χ2 (669.2853829)], IC [1.870490139, IC025 (1.702813857)], and EBGM [3.656567867, EBGM05 (3.28709656)]. Furthermore, the two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis provided evidence supporting a causal relationship between atorvastatin use and ED, with an inverse variance weighted estimate of β = 3.17 (OR = 23.91, p = 0.02 &lt; 0.05).Conclusion:Based on comprehensive analyses incorporating pharmacovigilance and Mendelian randomization, our findings suggest that atorvastatin use is associated with an increased risk of ED and indicate a causal relationship. These results emphasize the importance of considering potential adverse effects, such as ED, when prescribing atorvastatin for cardiovascular disease prevention. Further research and clinical monitoring are warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop appropriate strategies to mitigate this side effect.
Social path assessment and food security status of rural households in Iran
Authors: Haghighi Zahra , Namdar Razieh 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionFood and nutrition are the most vital needs of human society and its provision lies in the category of food security. The concept of food security is very broad and is determined by the interaction of a range of biological, economic, social, agricultural, and physical factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the social factors affecting food security among rural households.MethodsThis is quantitative research conducted by survey method. The statistical population included 384 rural households in Shiraz County that were selected by stratified random sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and LISREL software.Results and discussionResults indicated that the values of combined reliability calculated for all three variables studied were &gt;0.7, which implies that research tools have good reliability and validity. The results of structural analysis of social capital and social health variables with food security using confirmatory factor analysis techniques and structural equations showed social capital variable affects food security directly and social health variable has an indirect effect. According to the value of fitness indicators obtained; it was found that the structural equation model of the research variables had a suitable and acceptable fit and the general structure of the research was approved. Hence, the components used in the research were able to estimate food security. Accordingly, by improving the level of social capital and social health, promotion of food security in communities, would be expected.
The Prevalence of Cancer in Dutch Female Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis Compared with the General Population
Authors: Heijboer Reinout R. O. , Heemskerk Johan L. , Vorrink Sigrid N. W. , Kempen Diederik H. R. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the potential oncogenic effects of cumulative radiation exposure, particularly during childhood. One group experiencing repeated exposure to radiation at an early age for multiple years is patients treated for idiopathic scoliosis (IS). This study aimed to determine the relationship between childhood radiological exposure and adult cancer prevalence in children treated for IS. Materials and Methods: Data from 337 predominantly female patients treated at our hospital between January 1981 and January 1995 were gathered and compared to the Dutch national cancer rates. The standardized prevalence ratios for cancer in IS patients were compared with the cancer prevalence rates from the general Dutch population. Results: The overall cancer prevalence in women was 5.0%, with no significant difference compared to the general population (p = 0.425). The results of this study do not suggest that female patients treated for idiopathic scoliosis during childhood have an increased risk of cancer later in life. Conclusion: Despite being the largest recent study in its field, the modest participant number limits its ability to draw conclusions. However, the detailed data collected over a long observation period, alongside data from a period with comparable radiation rates, contributes to refining clinical practice and laying the groundwork for future systematic reviews.
Use of the FebriDx point-of-care test for lower respiratory tract infections in primary care: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Rutter Jill , Wilcox Christopher R , Odeh Nour , Muller Ingrid , Clark Tristan W , Little Paul , Davies Firoza , McGavin John , Francis Nick 
Published: April 2024

Background
FebriDx is a single-use, analyser-free, point-of-care test with markers for bacterial (C-reactive protein [CRP]) and viral (myxovirus resistance protein A [MxA]) infection, measured on a finger-prick blood sample.

Aim
As part of a larger feasibility study, we explored the views of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients on the use of FebriDx to safely reduce antibiotic prescriptions for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in primary care.

Design & setting
Remote semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted in South England.

Method
In total, 22 individuals (12 patients who underwent FebriDx testing and 10 HCPs from general practices that conducted testing) participated in interviews, which were analysed thematically.

Results
Patients and HCPs expressed positive views about use of the test. They felt FebriDx was a useful tool to inform prescribing decisions and provided a visual aid to support shared decision making and appropriate antibiotic use. Most felt it would be feasible to integrate use into routine primary care consultations. Some practical difficulties with blood collection and interpreting results, which impacted on usability, were identified. Some patients’ reactions to negative test results suggested the need for better communication alongside use of the test.

Conclusion
FebriDx was perceived as a useful tool to guide antibiotic prescribing and support shared decision making. Initial practical problems with testing and communicating results are potential barriers to use. Training and practice on using the test and effective communication are likely to be important elements in ensuring patient understanding and satisfaction, and successful adoption.
Green marketing's effect on customer satisfaction and awareness: an empirical study
Authors: H G Anusha 
Published: April 2024

Environmental sustainability has emerged as a major concern in today's corporate world. Governments are concerned about environmental issues. The term "green" has gained popularity in today's world. Green marketing refers to the strategy of endorsing goods or services that are friendly to the environment, and contribute positively to the earth. It boosts a company's brand and preserves the ecosystem. A boost of companies to use eco-friendly procedures and the provision of more sustainable choices to customers are the two main objectives of green practices marketing. The study goes through to evaluates consumers' awareness of green marketing, ascertains the pros and cons and obstacles of implementing green marketing, and analyses the elements that induce a consumer to choose green sustainable goods, the study is carried down with the locality respondents present around Chikkmagaluru district through the Forms and it concludes that Green marketing is a tool for preserving natural resources and safeguarding the environment for future generations, utilization of alternative energy sources to produce goods and services are ways to achieve sustainable growth. Green marketing had a positive impact on the worldwide market equally.
The Realism of Speculative Fiction: Planetary Polyphony and Scale in Kim Stanley Robinson’s The Ministry for the Future
Authors: Patoine Pierre-Louis 
Published: April 2024

In “Thinking in SF Mode” (2021), Isabelle Stengers distinguishes between philosophical thought experiments (such as Maxwell’s demon [1867] or Searle’s Chinese room) and the ability of speculative fiction to test hypothesizes in fully developed storyworlds, arguing for the heuristic power of fictional density and immersion. We push this hypothesis further by examining what embodied reading brings to the political and ecological exploration of terraforming (geoengineering) in Kim Stanley Robinson’s Mars Trilogy (1992–1996).
Le 11 Septembre et la réorganisation du renseignement aux États‑Unis : aux sources d’une réforme inachevée
Authors: Ramos Raphaël 
Published: April 2024

Les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 ont pris de court l’administration américaine et, ainsi, posé la question de l’efficacité de la communauté du renseignement. Ils ont contraint le pouvoir politique à commanditer plusieurs enquêtes afin d’identifier, puis rectifier les dysfonctionnements du renseignement. Si ces études ont mis en lumière un certain nombre de failles structurelles, elles ont engendré une réforme en demi‑teinte, conclue à la hâte. Les dissensions au sein de l’administration n’ont pas permis d’aboutir à des changements d’ampleur conformes aux préconisations des commissions. Néanmoins, l’ensemble du processus de réforme permet de mettre en évidence la primauté du pouvoir politique dans l’organisation, les activités et les dysfonctionnements du renseignement.
Communiquer le patriotisme par le sport depuis le 11 Septembre : le cas de la mobilisation politique des sportifs africains-américains
Authors: Benedetti Gregory 
Published: April 2024

Les attentats terroristes du 11 septembre 2001 ont touché la société américaine dans son ensemble et fragilisé les États-Unis au début du xxie siècle. Face à ces attaques, la volonté d’unifier le pays autour de la notion de patriotisme a contribué à apporter une première réponse, visant à redonner confiance à une nation dont les valeurs avaient été remises en cause par ces attentats. Le monde du sport professionnel a joué un rôle important dans l’élaboration d’une supposée vision patriotique commune exacerbée, flirtant avec le nationalisme. Cet article s’intéresse plus particulièrement au cas de certains sportifs professionnels africains-américains, dont l’attitude a évolué au cours de ces vingt dernières années. Entre le 11 septembre 2001 et l’émergence du mouvement Black Lives Matter, le positionnement de certains sportifs africains-américains a progressivement glissé vers une déconstruction, et peut‑être une réappropriation, du patriotisme. Là où le monde du sport avait été utilisé pour délivrer un message d’unité nationale, sur fond de nationalisme, après les attentats du 11 Septembre, depuis quelques années, certains membres de l’élite sportive africaine-américaine n’ont pas hésité à jouer de leur statut pour réclamer plus de justice raciale, renouant avec une tradition longue de mobilisation politique d’athlètes africains-américains. Parfois perçus comme étant en rupture avec le patriotisme très visible dans les enceintes sportives suite aux attentats du 11 septembre 2001, ces athlètes n’ont pas hésité à remettre en question ce consensus patriotique. Dès lors, ils invitent la société américaine à repenser le patriotisme à travers le prisme des inégalités raciales qui affectent la communauté africaine-américaine.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN PEMBERIAN TABLET Fe DENGAN JUS JAMBU MERAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN (Hb) PADA REMAJA PUTRI
Authors: Sarni Sarni , Martini Sri , Mahanani Festy 
Published: April 2024

Latar Belakang: Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia terutama negara berkembang yang diperkirakan 30% penduduk dunia menderita anemia. Anemia pada remaja putri saat ini masih cukup tinggi, menurut World Health Organization (WHO, 2015). Satu dari tiga wanita yang tidak hamil pada hampir 500 juta orang wanita mengalami anemia yang disebabkan karena pemasukan zat besi yang tidak mencukupi. Remaja putri sangat rentan kekurangan zat besi karena menstruasi, pertumbuhan yang cepat, dan peningkatan kebutuhan zat besi jaringan (WHO, 2016). Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan disain penelitian pre post test control group. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 247 responden. Sedangkan sampling yang digunakan adalah 30 responden, 15 responden sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 15 responden sebagai kelompok kontrol. Hasil: Hasil analisis uji Independen t-test didapatkan nilai p (0,000) < ? (0,05) maka terdapat perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara pemberian tablet Fe dengan jus jambu merah terhadap peningkatan kada Hb pada remaja putri. Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan pengaruh antara pemberian tablet Fe dengan jus jambu merah terhadap peningkatan kada Hb pada remaja putri. Kata Kunci : tablet Fe, jus jambu merah, anemia, remaja putri