bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sevoflurane and Oxygen Anaesthesia Following Administration of Atropine‐Xylazine‐Guaifenesin‐Thiopental in Spontaneously Breathing Horses
Authors: Hikasa Y. , Takase K. , Ogasawara S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of sevoflurane‐oxygen anaesthesia at a light‐surgical depth on clinically important features were evaluated in spontaneously breathing horses that received atropine, xylazine, and guaifenesin‐thiopental. Mean end‐tidal concentrations of sevoflurane ranged from 1.6 to 2.3 % during 90 min maintenance. Recovery from anaesthesia was extremely rapid and smooth. Heart rates did not significantly change after anaesthesia. Arrhythmia was not observed. Mean arterial pressure (mean ± SD) ranged from 86 ± 17 to 98 ± 5 mmHg during anaesthesia. Minute ventilation was low due to decreased respiratory rates during anaesthesia. Changes in arterial blood gases and pH demonstrated respiratory acidosis during anaesthesia. Haematological findings revealed haemodilution during anaesthesia. Serum potassium decreased slightly during anaesthesia, but other serum biochemical values did not significantly change for 7 days postanaesthesia. These results suggest that sevoflurane may be an effective inhalant anaesthetic which produces a rapid recovery from anaesthesia in horses.
Type I Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lungs in a Hereford Calf
Authors: Desrochers A. , St‐Jean G. , Kraft S. L. , Leipold H. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA 3‐day‐old Hereford calf was presented for general weakness and severe dyspnoea. Lateral radiographs projections showed several compartmentalized gas filled structures in the caudodorsal thorax. At necropsy each diaphragmatic lung lobe contained a large cyst. Gross and histopathologic findings were consistent with a congenital type I cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lungs.
Estimates of Components of Variance of the Rectal Temperature in Clinically Healthy Dogs in a Hospital Environment
Authors: Jensen A. L. , Koch J. , Wenck A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe rectal temperature is frequently measured in the morning on a daily basis in hospitalized dogs. Besides comparing the measured temperature to a population‐based reference interval, it may also be of interest to evaluate the differences between consecutive measurements in order to follow the health status of a particular dog. In veterinary clinical chemistry, a parameter referred to as the critical difference, which can be used to judge if the difference between two consecutive measurements may be safely ascribed to random variation or not, has recently been introduced. The purpose of the present study was to obtain an estimate of the critical difference of the rectal temperature based on measurements of the rectal temperature in clinically healthy dogs in a hospital environment. The rectal temperature was measured in a standardized manner on 6 different days in 7 dogs. The total variance was estimated as 0.1015. The inter‐individual variance was 0.0428, and the intra‐analytical variance including the analytical variance was 0.0587. From these components of variance, the critical difference was calculated as 0.69 °C. Thus, the rectal temperature measured in the morning in hospitalized dogs can be expected to fluctuate about 0.7 °C from day to day due to random variation alone.
Reduction of Heart Lesions after Experimental Restraint Stress: a Study in Stress‐susceptible Pigs
Authors: Carlsten J. , Bjurström S. , Häggendal J. , Jönsson L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPigs, crossbreeds of Swedish Landrace and Yorkshire, about 6 months old and susceptible to develop malignant hyperthermia when exposed to halothane, were subjected to a 12‐min experimental stress provoked by the myorelaxant succinylcholine. The experimental pigs were pre‐treated before the stress: five were given propranolol for one week, six were given α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) combined with selenium for 11 days, and five pigs were pre‐treated with zinc (ZnSO4) for 1 month. A total of 12 untreated, stress‐susceptible pigs served as controls. The blood levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline recorded during the stress were significantly reduced in the groups pre‐treated with propranolol or α‐tocopherol combined with selenium. The results show significant reduction of myocardial necrosis by β‐adrenoceptor‐blocking agents and free‐radical scavengers during stress‐induced increased sympathetic activity.
Sonographic Investigation of Reticular Contractions in Healthy Sheep, Cows and Goats and in Cows with Traumatic Reticulo‐peritonitis
Authors: Kaske M. , Midasch A. , Rehage J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe objective of the study was (a) to compare sonographically the sequence of reticular contractions between grass and roughage eaters (cows, sheep) and intermediate feeders (goats) and (b) to check whether sonography may be useful for the investigation of cattle with a history of traumatic reticulo‐peritonitis (TRP). All animals were investigated from the left ventral Regio parachondriaca with a 2.5 MHz sector scanner. Reticular contractions were recorded on video and evaluated later on. Duration of the contractions was found to be surprisingly uniform between individuals of the investigated species. However, in cattle and sheep the reticular floor moves over longer distances during both contractions in cranio‐dorsal direction compared to goats, i.e. the velocity with which the reticulum contracts was markedly higher in sheep (5.3 ± 1.4 cm* s−1) and cows (4.4 ± 2.0) than in goats (2.1 ± 0.9). Thus, in sheep and cattle feed particles are transported with a higher force in caudo‐dorsal direction resulting in a longer retention time of particles in the reticulorumen than in goats.Sonographic investigation of eight cows with clinical symptoms of acute TRP indicated that sonography is a valuable method for the diagnosis of TRP. Implications of sonographic signs for the clinical course in such patients are discussed.
Polyamines and Pyrimidines in Blood Plasma and Urine of Dogs Bearing Mammary Tumours
Authors: Motyl T. , Ratajska K. , Jurga W. , Katkiewicz M. , Kukulska W. , Podgurniak M. , Kasterka M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe blood plasma and urinary pattern of polyamines and pyrimidines in dogs bearing mammary tumours was examined. A large variability of pyrimidines in blood plasma and spermidine, spermine and pseudouridine in urine of healthy and tumour‐bearing dogs was observed. The blood plasma level of uracil and uridine as well as urinary concentration of pseudouridine and spermidine/spermine ratio were significantly elevated in dogs with mammary tumours.
Participation of Monocytes and Macrophages in Canine Glomerular Disease
Authors: Vilafranca M. , Ferrer L. , Wohlsein P. , Trautwein G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe presence of monocytes/macrophages (MPs) in renal glomeruli was investigated in 86 dogs with different types of glomerulopathies. The identification of MPs in tissue sections was based on cytological criteria and the immunohistochemical demonstration of lysozyme. The highest numbers of MPs in glomeruli were observed in focal and diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN), diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (DEPGN), and diffuse mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (DMCGN). In cases of minor glomerular abnormalities (MGA), focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis (FGS), diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis (DMemGN), and diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis (DSGN) the presence of glomerular MPs was low. Particularly in MesPGN, the number of MPs was correlated with glomerular hypercellularity and, additionally in DMCGN, with the degree of proteinuria. The results of this study suggest that MPs may be involved in functional and morphological alterations in different types of canine glomerulopathies.
Endotoxin Stimulates Secretion of Cortisol, but not ACTH in Heifers Pretreated with Suppressive Doses of a Glucocorticoid
Authors: Bosu W. T. K. , Kujjo Loro Lo‐Laja , Perez G. I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe ability of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) to suppress actions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the pituitary‐adrenal axis was examined in Holstein heifers. The study was carried out using repeated measure / split plot factorial design involving four heifers which were repeatedly used in four experimental groups thus yielding eight experimental units (EU). Each EU received two treatments, the first at zero hour and the second at 28 h. Heifers in Groups I (n = 2) and II (n = 2) were given sterile saline as treatment (TRT) 1. For TRT 2, group I was given sterile saline, and group II received Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In group III (n = 2) and group IV (n = 2) triamcinolone acetonide was given as TRT 1. Sterile saline (SAL) was TRT 2 for GP III, and group IV heifers received LPS. Administration of LPS elicited increases in concentrations of the stress hormones ACTH (P < 0.05) and cortisol (P < 0.001) in SAL‐pretreated heifers. However, in TA‐pretreated animals, the endotoxin could only cause increase (P < 0.001) in concentrations of cortisol, but not ACTH. Therefore, the significant response of cortisol to LPS stimulation suggest that, at doses used in this study, triamcinolone acetonide did not suppress LPS‐triggered cortisol secretion from adrenal zonae fasciculata and reticularis cells. The LPS‐induced ACTH response appears to have been blunted by prior administration of triamcinolone acetonide.
Skin Diseases in a Merino Sheep Herd Related to an Excessively Rainy Winter in a Mediterranean Climatic Zone
Authors: Yeruham I. , Elad D. , Nyska A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA retrospective study is presented here in which an outbreak of dermatophilosis and morbidity of fleece rot in a sheep herd grazing throughout the year in the Carmel hills are described for the first time in a Mediterranean climatic zone. Both diseases were closely related to intense and prolonged rains during the winter months of 1991/1992. Morbidity of dermatophilosis appeared after 650 mm and that of fleece rot after 1320 mm of precipitation. The pathogenesis of these diseases is discussed.
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus in a Diprosopic Newborn Calf
Authors: Camón J. , López‐Béjar M. A. , Verdú J. , Rutllant J. , Sabaté D. , Degollada E. , López‐Plana C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA newborn diprosopic female calf had a partially duplicated head with two faces each exhibiting a mouth, a snout, an anomalous incomplete mandible, two eyes and a lateral ear. A single ear with two small auditory canals was present on the midline between the two medial eyes. A type 1 persistent truncus arteriosus and hypoplasia of the thoracic portion of thymus were the most outstanding extracranial defects. In the heart, a persistent foramen secundum and a large patent foramen ovale allowed communication between the right and left atria. In the right ventricle, the small conus arteriosus was separated in part from the inflow tract by an anomalous 'septomarginal muscular septum'. An interventricular septal defect was also present. A large undivided truncus arteriosus, exhibiting a tricuspid truncal valve at its origin, arose for the most part from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle. The truncus gave rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the aortic arch, a small pulmonary trunk, from which the left and right pulmonary arteries emerged, and two coronary arteries. The etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms implicated in the appearance of persistent truncus arteriosus are reviewed. It is suggested that a deficit or insufficiency in the cranial neural crest may play a role in the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the production of persistent truncus arteriosus and related defects in cephalic duplications.
Behavioural Studies in Healthy Ponies Subjected to Short‐term Forced Recumbency Aiming at an Adjunctive Treatment in an Acute Attack of Laminitis1
Authors: Wattle O. , Ekfalck A. , Funkquist B. , Obel N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe authors postulated that a period of forced recumbency during an acute attack of laminitis may counteract the disabling effects on the secondary epidermal laminae. On the basis of this concept a study was made of the behavior of three healthy Shetland ponies when placed in a box in which the ceiling was too low for a standing position but allowed comfortable sternal recumbency. When the height of the box was about 125% of the vertical distance between the withers and the sternum, the ponies lay calmly during most of the experimental period and the rare attempts at rising did not seem to put any major load on the hoofs. The possibility of using short‐term forced recumbency as adjunctive treatment in an acute attack of equine laminitis is discussed.
Über den Einfluß einer unterschiedlichen Energieversorgung wachsender Doggen auf Körpermasse‐und Skelettentwicklung. 3. Mitteilung: Klinisches Bild und chemische Skelettuntersuchungen
Authors: Zentek J. , Meyer H. , Dämmrich K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDevelopment of Body Mass and Skeleton in Growing Great Danes, as Affected by Energy SupplyIn growth studies with young Great Danes (0–6 months old), the effects of ad libitum (nine animals) or restricted feed supply (70–80% of ad libitum supply; 17 dogs, 9 of them bearing additional weight loads, 15% of body weight attached to the shoulder) were investigated with regard to the development of the skeleton and the bone composition. Growth disturbances of the skeleton were seen in every group, but the incidence increased with ad libitum feeding. Fast growth led to the valgus syndrome in fore‐ and hindlimbs, while hyperextensions of the carpal joint were seen, independently of the growth intensity. Weight loading in connection with energy restriction could not reproduce the same effects as ad libitum feeding. The mineral and protein concentrations in the bones (related to fat‐free dry matter) were not affected either by the different feeding levels or by the weight loading.ZusammenfassungIn einem Aufzuchtversuch (6 Monate) mit jungen Doggen wurden die Auswirkungen einer freien (neun Tiere) oder restriktiven Energieaufnahme (70–80% der ad libitum Energieaufnahme; 17 Tiere, davon neun mit zusätzlicher Gewichtsbelastung (15% der Körpermasse) auf die Entwicklung des Skeletts sowie die Zusammensetzung der Knochen überprüft. In allen Gruppen fielen Wachstumsstörungen am Skelett auf, vermehrt allerdings bei Ad‐libitum‐Fütterung. Ein forciertes Wachstum begünstigte Außenrotationen an Vorder‐ und Hintergliedmaßen, während Hyperextensionen im Karpalgelenk unabhängig von der Fütterungsintensität auftraten. Die Gewichtsbelastung reproduzierte die Effekte der Ad‐libitum‐Fütterung nicht in vollem Umfang. Die Mineralstoff‐ und Proteingehalte im Knochen (Bezug auf fettfreie Trockensubstanz) wurden durch die Fütterungsintensität nicht signifikant beeinflußt.
Endocardiosis and Other Heart Disease in Greyhounds
Authors: Schoning P. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryGross and microscopic lesions of heart disease in 230 greyhounds were recorded. The most common lesion was endcardiosis, which occurred in 24 (10.4%) of the greyhounds. Other heart lesions included endocardial fibrosis, myocardial necrosis, ossification of the aortic fibrous ring, and abscesses of the right atrium. Although females weighed less and had lighter hearts, body weights, heart weights and heart: body weight ratios did not differ between greyhounds with or without endocardiosis.
Embryo Survival Following Non‐Surgical Embryo Recovery in Superovulated Dairy Heifers
Authors: López‐Gatius F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEmbryo survival following non‐surgical embryo recovery was studied in 66 superovulated dairy heifers. Blood samples were collected at uterine flushing (6.5 days after a single AI), 72 h after flushing and then every 7 days until estrus or until pregnancy diagnosis by palpation per rectum. Luteolytic effect by uterine flushing was detected in three heifers 72 h following flushing (progesterone values < 1 ng/ml plasma). From the remaining animals 11 (17.5%) remained pregnant and 52 returned to estrus. In four heifers, embryo loss was registered 48 days after AI. Seven heifers developed gestation to term: five resulted in single and two in twin normal births. Progesterone concentrations in all samples from heifers in which embryo loss occurred were higher than in those with pregnancy to term. For non‐pregnant heifers, the average interval between uterine flushing and the following spontaneous estrus was 16.6 ± 1.3 days (± SEM). It was concluded that uterine flushing did not induce luteolysis in most heifers, and after uterine flushing, embryos remaining in the uterus were capable of developing through pregnancy to term.
Comparisons of Selenite and Selenium Yeast Feed Supplements on Se‐incorporation, Mastitis and Leucocyte Function in Se‐deficient Dairy Cows
Authors: Malbe M. , Klaassen M. , Fang W. , Myllys V. , Vikerpuur M. , Nyholm K. , Sankari S. , Suoranta K. , Sandholm M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe dairy cows at the Estonian Agricultural University appeared to have an extremely low selenium status. The selenium level was 5.6 μg/l in whole blood and 3.2 μg/l in milk, on average. The blood glutathione peroxidase was consequently extremely low. The effects of organic selenium (selenized yeast) and sodium selenite were compared in a feeding experiment on 100 dairy cows. Selenium incorporation, udder health and thein vitrofunction of blood neutrophils were monitored.Supplementation of the feed either with 0.2 ppm organic selenium or sodium selenite for 8 weeks, increased the blood selenium level (geometric mean) within this period from the background level (about 5.6 μg/l) to 167 (Se‐yeast) and to 91 μg/l (selenite). The respective change in whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) was from 0.22 to 3.0 (Se‐yeast) and to 2.3 (selenite) μKat/g Hb. Blood GSH‐PX continued to increase up to 10 weeks after the supplementation was stopped. The bioavailability of yeast selenium was superior to selenite: the relative bioavailability (selenite = 1) of yeast selenium was 1.4 if blood GSH‐PX, 1.9 if blood selenium, and 2.7 if milk selenium was used as the response criterion. Selenium‐supplementation showed a positive effect on udder health. The percentage of quarters harbouring mastitis pathogens dropped from 22.9 to 13.0 in the Se‐yeast group and from 18.4 to 7.4 in the selenite group during the supplementation period. The effect of selenium on mastitis was also reflected as a decrease in the output of milk somatic cells and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAGase). The time‐luminescence profile of zymosan‐induced activity of blood neutrophils became skewed to the left in Se‐supplemented cows.
Lymph Node Macrophages after Application of Glucan in Calves: an Electron Microscopical Study
Authors: Kolodzieyski L. , Levkutona M. , Leykut M. , Kokardova M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study was designed to reveal by electron microscopy the dynamics of degradation processes of glucan after phagocytosis in the lymph nodes. A soluble form of glucan at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight induced a distinct phagocytic activity. On day 7, after stimulation of the lymph nodes, glucan was gradually degraded through fibrillar, particular components, and finally into a light microscopically invisible content. The ingestive capacity of macrophages was higher compared to phagocytic ability of the sinus‐lining and reticular cells. On day 30, after stimulation, the lymph nodes indicated restoration of the architecture of their medullary pulp.
Comparison of the Kinetics of Sodium Meclofenamate Versus Meclofenamic Acid after Oral Administration to Sheep
Authors: Encinas T. , Vinagre E. , Boggio J. C. , de Vicente M. L. , San Andres M. I. , Rodriguez C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMeclofenamates are non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents used in ruminants for the prevention and the treatment of anaphylactic processes. The objective of the present work was to study possible kinetic variations due to the chemical form of meclofenamates administered by the oral route to adult sheep. Six Rubia del Molar female sheep (2–3 years old, 47–57 kg) were used. Initially, an intravenous administration of sodium meclofenamate (2.2 mg/kg bwt) was given; the obtained kinetic results were in agreement with data from other authors. Oral administrations (20 mg/kg bwt) of sodium meclofenamate and meclofenamic acid were then given. When the reticular groove was opened, both drug forms showed a single meclofenamate plasma peak; t2max were 60.0 ± 10.61 min and 127.50 ± 22.5 min for the sodium and acid form, respectively. The elimination rate constants (β) were not significantly different, but the absorption half‐lives were (14.69 ± 3.21 min for the sodium form and 61.07 ± 21.7 min for the acid form). The bioavailability was 48.6 ± 4.3% for sodium meclofenamate and 65.1 ± 2.8% for meclofenamic acid. Thus, the chemical form (sodium versus acid) alters the oral bioavailability and tmax of meclofenamates in adult sheep. These findings agree with the behaviour of meclofenamates in man.
Round Cell Sarcomas of Possible Myelomonocytic Origin Localized at the Lip of Aged Dogs
Authors: Kipar A. , Baumgärtner W. , Burkhardt E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFour round cell tumors, situated at the lip of dogs older than 4 years of age, which could not be further classified, were examined light and electron microscopically, immunocytochemically and in part functionally and cytochemically. Immunocytochemically they were positive for vimentin, but negative for cytokeratin, desmin, neurofilament, synaptophysin, S‐100 protein, neuron specific enolase, lysozyme, IgG and a pan‐T‐cell marker. Cell lines were established from two malignant neoplasms. In vitro, neoplastic cells had morphological, functional and cytochemical properties of myelomonocytic cells. A tumor cell‐specific polyclonal rabbit antiserum reacted immunocytochemically positive with primary and recurrent tumors and metastases of the original and the three other round cell tumors. Immunoblotting demonstrated a main band with approximately 65–75 kDa. All four tumors were present in aged dogs and metastasized. They most likely represent a distinct group of malignant tumors among the canine round cell tumors.
Species Specific Pharmacokinetics of Rolitetracycline
Authors: Lashev L. , Pashov D. , Kanelov I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryComparative studies on some selected pharmacokinetic parameters of rolitetracycline (effective antimicrobial activity levels) in sheep, pigs, rabbits, chickens and pigeons were carried out after intravenous administration of the drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The results revealed that a two‐compartment open model was usually optimal. Interspecies differences in the rate (α) and the volume of distribution (Vda), the area under the serum concentration time curve (AUC) and the total body clearance (ClB) were small. The values of the elimination half‐life (t 1/2β) found in sheep, pigs, rabbits, chickens and pigeons were 1.51, 3.06, 2.18, 4.33 and 2.51 h respectively. These results and data in mice, rabbits and man taken from literature were analysed to determine any correlation to body mass (W). The log of the elimination half‐life values (log t 1/2β) of rolitetetracycline revealed a significant correlation with log values of (W) between animal species. This relationship was described by the equation t 1/2β= 1.27. W0.29(r = 0.93, P < 0.01, n = 5) for mammal species and t 1/2β= 1.81. W0.24(r = 0.78, P < 0.05, n = 7) for mammal and bird species.
A Standard Water Provocative Test for Dogs Anaesthetized with Acepromazine‐Ketamine
Authors: Martin E. , Molleda J. M. , Novales M. , Ginel P. J. , Lucena M. R. , Lopez R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAdministration of 60 ml/kg of water to anaesthetized dogs increased intraocular pressure; this reached its maximum at 15 min after ingestion, except in young dogs, whose maximum was attained at 10 min. Pressure fell back close to original levels by 60 min. Pressure increases in females and young dogs were greater than those of males and adults, respectively.