bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic competition among solitary and gregarious endoparasitoid wasps and the phenomenon of ‘resource sharing’
Authors: MAGDARAOG PETER M. , HARVEY JEFFREY A. , TANAKA TOSHIHARU , GOLS RIETA 
Published: January 2012

1. Intrinsic competition was compared in three species of braconid wasps, the solitary Meteorus pulchricornis Wesmael, and the gregarious Cotesia kariyai (Watanabe) and Cotesia ruficrus Haliday in caterpillars of their common host, the armyworm Mythimna separata Walker. Competition was determined in pair‐wise contests consisting of simultaneous and subsequent parasitisms at various time intervals between the first and second attacks (<1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h).2. The experiment revealed that the solitary M. pulchricornis parasitoid was generally superior over the other two gregarious Cotesia species, although, in some cases C. kariyai out‐competed M. pulchricornis when ovipositing first. In contrast, irrespective of the time interval between parasitism and multiparasitism, C. ruficrus always lost in competition with M. pulchricornis.3. Remarkably, both C. kariyai and C. ruficrus occasionally emerged from the same multiparasitised caterpillar when the time interval between the first and second attacks was small. However, cumulative brood sizes of both species were generally less than when C. kariyai and C. ruficrus developed alone, suggesting that some competition did occur between these two species.4. Inter‐specific ‘resource sharing’ amongst parasitoid larvae has rarely been described in the literature. In the present study, the conditions in which ‘resource sharing’ in parasitoids can evolve are discussed. Further, we describe differing host usage strategies in parasitoids and how these can affect the outcome of aggressive larval competition.
In vivo accuracy of three electronic root canal length measurement devices: Dentaport ZX, Raypex 5 and ProPex II
Authors: Somma F. , Castagnola R. , Lajolo C. , Paternò Holtzman L. , Marigo L. 
Published: January 2012

Somma F, Castagnola R, Lajolo C, Paternò Holtzman L, Marigo L.
In vivo accuracy of three electronic root canal length measurement devices: Dentaport ZX, Raypex 5 and ProPex II. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 552–556, 2012.AbstractAim  To compare in vivo three different electronic root canal length measurement devices: Dentaport ZX, Raypex 5 and ProPex II.Methodology  Thirty single‐rooted permanent teeth scheduled for extraction because of periodontal disease were selected from 10 adult patients (ranging from 45 to 67 years) and divided into three groups of 10 teeth. Before the extraction, an access cavity was prepared and the crown was adjusted to establish a stable reference point for all measurements. The working length in Group 1 was determined using the Dentaport ZX apex locator. A K‐file with the largest diameter that could reach the last green bar on the screen was stabilized in the canal using a dual‐curable flow resin composite. The same procedure was used for the Raypex 5 (the file reached the last yellow bar) and Propex II (0.0 orange bar) apex locators. The teeth were then extracted and cleared. The distance between the tip of the file and the major foramen was then calculated for each tooth using digital photography according to Axiovision AC software (Carl Zeiss). Positive values were assigned when the file tip passed beyond the major foramen, negative values when the tip was short of the foramen and zero value when the file tip and the foramen coincided. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi‐squared test or Fisher’s exact test (P ≤ 0.05).Results  Dentaport ZX, Raypex 5 and ProPex ΙΙ produced, respectively, 6, 2 and 4 out of 10 correct measurements, 0, 6 and 5 long measurements and 4, 2, and 1 short measurements. The differences between the three electronic root canal length measurement devices were not significant (P = 0.507).Conclusions  Under the in vivo conditions of this study, the three electronic root canal length measurement devices were not significantly different in terms of locating the major foramen.
Nursing theory and concept development: a theoretical model of clinical nurses’ intentions to stay in their current positions
Authors: Cowden Tracy L. , Cummings Greta G. 
Published: January 2012

Cowden T.L. & Cummings G.G. (2012) Nursing theory and concept development: a theoretical model of clinical nurses’ intentions to stay in their current positions. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(7), 1646–1657.AbstractAim.  We describe a theoretical model of staff nurses’ intentions to stay in their current positions.Background.  The global nursing shortage and high nursing turnover rate demand evidence‐based retention strategies. Inconsistent study outcomes indicate a need for testable theoretical models of intent to stay that build on previously published models, are reflective of current empirical research and identify causal relationships between model concepts.Data Sources.  Two systematic reviews of electronic databases of English language published articles between 1985–2011.Discussion.  This complex, testable model expands on previous models and includes nurses’ affective and cognitive responses to work and their effects on nurses’ intent to stay. The concepts of desire to stay, job satisfaction, joy at work, and moral distress are included in the model to capture the emotional response of nurses to their work environments. The influence of leadership is integrated within the model.Implications for nursing.  A causal understanding of clinical nurses’ intent to stay and the effects of leadership on the development of that intention will facilitate the development of effective retention strategies internationally. Testing theoretical models is necessary to confirm previous research outcomes and to identify plausible sequences of the development of behavioral intentions.Conclusion.  Increased understanding of the causal influences on nurses’ intent to stay should lead to strategies that may result in higher retention rates and numbers of nurses willing to work in the health sector.
What mothers know, and want to know, about the complications of general anaesthesia
Authors: JACKSON G. N. B. , ROBINSON P. N. , LUCAS D. N. , NATARAJAN A. , GOUGH K. , WOOLNOUGH M. , YENTIS S. M. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundInformed consent should be sought when performing anaesthesia on pregnant patients. There is no standard for consent for general anaesthesia on the delivery suite. This study was designed to assess post‐partum women's awareness of the complications of general anaesthesia and the level of risk at which they felt these risks should be discussed.MethodsOne hundred and fifty parturients from two London hospitals who had undergone uncomplicated vaginal deliveries were asked on the first post‐partum day about their knowledge of the potential complications of general anaesthesia for obstetrics. They were also asked about the level of risk at which they would wish to be informed before consenting to a general anaesthetic procedure.ResultsThe knowledge of the risks of general anaesthesia among the parturients was poor, with awareness, allergy, nausea and vomiting being known by over 50%. Knowledge of difficult intubation and its consequences, dental damage, malignant hyperpyrexia and suxamethonium apnoea was known by less than 30% of the respondents. The level of risk at which mothers felt they should be informed was variable, with 50% wishing to know all risks up to 1 : 1000, and 19% wishing to know risks of greater than 1 : 1,000,000. All known risks were wished by nearly 30% of those questioned.ConclusionsAnaesthetists must be flexible when providing information to mothers about general anaesthesia and should provide more information to mothers if they wish it.
FURTHER EVIDENCE ON REAL INTEREST RATE EQUALIZATION: PANEL INFORMATION, NON‐LINEARITIES AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES
Authors: Tsong Ching‐Chuan , Lee Cheng‐Feng 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious studies applying traditional unit root tests generally have difficulty providing widespread evidence supporting the real interest rate parity hypothesis (RIPH). This paper aims to analyse the empirical fulfilment of RIPH for 17 OECD countries by employing many recently developed unit root tests. Power of the tests is raised by taking different approaches, such as using cross‐sectional information, accounting for non‐linear adjustment towards the equilibrium and allowing for structural changes. The combined results of the tests using panel information show that broad evidence in favour of RIPH prevails for 13 of the 17 countries. By contrast, univariate tests fail to make widespread rejections of the unit‐root hypothesis. Our evidence reveals a high degree of market integration for developed countries, and the effect of monetary policies as a stabilization tool might be limited at least in the long run.
Outcome of smoking cessation counselling of HIV‐positive persons by HIV care physicians
Authors: Huber M , Ledergerber B , Sauter R , Young J , Fehr J , Cusini A , Battegay M , Calmy A , Orasch C , Nicca D , Bernasconi E , Jaccard R , Held L , Weber R ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study Group
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesSmoking is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among HIV‐positive persons. We assessed the effect on smoking cessation of training HIV care physicians in counselling.MethodsThe Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) is a multicentre prospective observational database. Our single‐centre intervention at the Zurich centre included a half day of standardized training for physicians in counselling and in the pharmacotherapy of smokers, and a physicians' checklist for semi‐annual documentation of their counselling. Smoking status was then compared between participants at the Zurich centre and other institutions. We used marginal logistic regression models with exchangeable correlation structure and robust standard errors to estimate the odds of smoking cessation and relapse.ResultsBetween April 2000 and December 2010, 11 056 SHCS participants had 121 238 semi‐annual visits and 64 118 person‐years of follow‐up. The prevalence of smoking decreased from 60 to 43%. During the intervention at the Zurich centre from November 2007 to December 2009, 1689 participants in this centre had 6068 cohort visits. These participants were more likely to stop smoking [odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.42; P = 0.004] and had fewer relapses (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.61–0.92; P = 0.007) than participants at other SHCS institutions. The effect of the intervention was stronger than the calendar time effect (OR 1.19 vs. 1.04 per year, respectively). Middle‐aged participants, injecting drug users, and participants with psychiatric problems or with higher alcohol consumption were less likely to stop smoking, whereas persons with a prior cardiovascular event were more likely to stop smoking.ConclusionsAn institution‐wide training programme for HIV care physicians in smoking cessation counselling led to increased smoking cessation and fewer relapses.
HIV, HEV and cirrhosis: evidence of a possible link from eastern Spain
Authors: Jardi R , Crespo M , Homs M , van den Eynde E , Girones R , Rodriguez‐Manzano J , Caballero A , Buti M , Esteban R , Rodriguez‐Frias F 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in an HIV‐infected population, as determined by HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (anti‐HEV).MethodsThe design of the study was cross‐sectional. Serum anti‐HEV IgG was determined by enzyme immunoassay in 238 HIV‐infected patients consecutively attending our out‐patient clinic between April and May 2011. In HEV‐seropositive patients, HEV RNA was analysed by nested reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Associations between anti‐HEV and liver cirrhosis, route of HIV infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological markers, age, sex and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsOne hundred and forty patients (59%) had chronic liver disease (99% were HBV‐ and/or HCV‐coinfected). Liver cirrhosis was detected in 44 individuals (19%). Two hundred and twelve patients (89%) were on antiretroviral treatment; the median CD4 T‐cell count was 483 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 313–662 cells/μL] and the HIV viral load was < 25 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL. Overall, 22 patients (9%) were anti‐HEV positive. Liver cirrhosis was the only factor independently associated with the presence of anti‐HEV, which was documented in 23% of patients with cirrhosis and 6% of patients without cirrhosis (P = 0.002; odds ratio 5.77). HEV RNA was detected in three seropositive patients (14%), two of whom had liver cirrhosis.ConclusionsOur findings show a high prevalence of anti‐HEV in HIV‐infected patients, strongly associated with liver cirrhosis. Chronic HEV infection was detected in a significant number of HEV‐seropositive patients. Further research is needed to ascertain whether cirrhosis is a predisposing factor for HEV infection and to assess the role of chronic HEV infection in the pathogeneses of cirrhosis in this population.
Rendering Istanbul's Periodic Bazaars Invisible: Reflections on Urban Transformation and Contested Space
Authors: ÖZ ÖZLEM , EDER MINE 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis is a study of Istanbul's periodic bazaars and an attempt to place them in the context of contestation over urban space, urban poverty and informality. The periodic bazaars in the city are either disappearing or being moved to the outskirts. These trends reflect and reproduce spatial unevenness in the city, manifesting new forms of social exclusion and polarization. The city's increasingly commodified urban space has become an arena of social and economic contestation. We address these questions by focusing on the story of the relocation of one of Istanbul's most popular periodic bazaars, the Tuesday bazaar in Kadıköy. Our analysis reveals that the relocation and reorganization of bazaars in Istanbul in the 2000s have largely been driven by rising real‐estate prices in the city: land has simply become too precious a commodity to be left to the bazaaris. Furthermore, in the context of a pervasive neoliberal discourse on urban renewal and modernization that promotes the notion of a hygienic city, the bazaaris, it seems, have become the new undesirables of the urban landscape, leaving them under double siege from the commodification of public land and from spatially defined social exclusion.RésuméCette étude s'intéresse aux marchés de quartier d'Istanbul en les replaçant dans le cadre d'une contestation sur l'espace urbain, la pauvreté urbaine et la sphère informelle. Les marchés de quartier sont soit en voie de disparition, soit transférés en périphéries. Ces tendances traduisent et reproduisent l'inégalité spatiale dans la ville, en exposant de nouvelles formes d'exclusion et de polarisation sociales. L'espace urbain, de plus en plus marchandisé, est devenu une arène de contestation sociale et économique. Ces questions sont traitées à travers la relocalisation de l'un des marchés les plus populaires d'Istanbul, le marché du mardi de Kadıköy. L'analyse révèle que la relocalisation et la réorganisation des marchés d'Istanbul dans les années 2000 résultent largement de l'accroissement des prix de l'immobilier urbain: le foncier est devenu un bien trop précieux pour être laissé aux marchés de quartier. En outre, compte tenu du discours néolibéral généralisé sur la rénovation urbaine et la modernisation qui met en avant la notion de ville hygiénique, les marchés sont apparemment devenus les nouveaux indésirables dans le paysage urbain, et abandonnés aux attaques de la marchandisation des terrains publics, d'une part, et d'une exclusion sociale selon des critères spatiaux, d'autre part.
Trans‐Local Communities in the Age of Transnationalism: Bosnians in Diaspora
Authors: Halilovich Hariz 
Published: January 2012

AbstractToday, Bosnians represent one of the newly emerging and the most widely dispersed diasporic communities from the Balkans. There are large communities of Bosnians living in almost every European country, as well as throughout North America and Australia. Most were displaced during the 1992–1995 Bosnian war, in which 2.2 million people were forced to leave their homes, 1.6 million of whom looked for refuge abroad. In contrast with, and in response to, the enforced displacement, many members of the Bosnian diaspora have retained strong family and other “informal” social ties with both Bosnians in other countries and those still living in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH, or Bosnia). Such ties – focused on preservation of cultural memory and performance of distinct local identities – form the basis of the global network of the Bosnian diaspora and its link with the original home (land). In this paper, I briefly outline the links and networks that constitute diaspora, and then go on to explore the extent to which recent scholarly literature is able to “capture” the uniqueness and complexity of the Bosnian diasporic communities in Australia, the United States (U.S.) and Europe. Finally, I attempt to define the concept of “trans‐localism” and how it is (per)formed, and suggest that the predominantly “transnational” conceptual framework within the migration studies needs to be expanded to include “trans‐local” diasporic identity formation among displaced Bosnians and similar diaspora groups.
Predicting the retention of first‐time donors using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Masser Barbara M. , Bednall Timothy C. , White Katherine M. , Terry Deborah 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: Donor retention is vital to blood collection agencies. Past research has highlighted the importance of early career behavior for long‐term donor retention, yet research investigating the determinants of early donor behavior is scarce. Using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study sought to identify the predictors of first‐time blood donors' early career retention.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: First‐time donors (n = 256) completed three surveys on blood donation. The standard TPB predictors and self‐identity as a donor were assessed 3 weeks (Time 1) and at 4 months (Time 2) after an initial donation. Path analyses examined the utility of the extended TPB to predict redonation at 4 and 8 months after initial donation.RESULTS: The extended TPB provided a good fit to the data. Post‐Time 1 and 2 behavior was consistently predicted by intention to redonate. Further, intention was predicted by attitudes, perceived control, and self‐identity (Times 1 and 2). Donors' intentions to redonate at Time 1 were the strongest predictor of intention to donate at Time 2, while donors' behavior at Time 1 strengthened self‐identity as a blood donor at Time 2.CONCLUSION: An extended TPB framework proved efficacious in revealing the determinants of first‐time donor retention in an initial 8‐month period. The results suggest that collection agencies should intervene to bolster donors' attitudes, perceived control, and identity as a donor during this crucial post–first donation period.
Is fresh‐frozen plasma clinically effective? An update of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (CME)
Authors: Yang Lucy , Stanworth Simon , Hopewell Sally , Doree Carolyn , Murphy Mike 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: The clinical use of frozen plasma (FP) continues to increase, both in prophylactic and in therapeutic settings. In 2004, a systematic review of all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revealed a lack of evidence that supported the efficacy of FP use. This is an update that includes all new RCTs published since the original review.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Trials involving transfusion of FP up to July 2011 were identified from searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, and the UKBTS/SRI Transfusion Evidence Library. Methodologic quality was assessed. The primary outcome measure was the effect of FP on survival.RESULTS: Twenty‐one new trials were eligible for inclusion. These covered prophylactic and therapeutic FP use in liver disease, in cardiac surgery, for warfarin anticoagulation reversal, for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treatment, for plasmapheresis, and in other settings, including burns, shock, and head injury. The largest number of recent RCTs were conducted in cardiac surgery; meta‐analysis showed no significant difference for FP use for the outcome of 24‐hours postoperative blood loss (weighted mean difference, −35.24 mL; 95% confidence interval, −84.16 to 13.68 mL). Overall, there was no significant benefit for FP use across all the clinical conditions. Only two of the 21 trials fulfilled all the criteria for quality assessment.CONCLUSION: Combined with the 2004 review, 80 RCTs have investigated FP with no consistent evidence of significant benefit for prophylactic and therapeutic use across a range of indications evaluated. There has been little improvement in the overall methodologic quality of RCTs conducted in the past few years.
Sialylation‐independent mechanism involved in the amelioration of murine immune thrombocytopenia using intravenous gammaglobulin
Authors: Leontyev Danila , Katsman Yulia , Ma Xue‐Zhong , Miescher Sylvia , Käsermann Fabian , Branch Donald R. 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: Sialylation of the N‐linked glycan on asparagine‐297 within the Fc region of intravenous gammaglobulins (IVIgs) was shown to be necessary for efficacy of IVIg in the amelioration of experimental inflammatory arthritis. To test the role for Fc sialylation of IVIg in immune modulating therapies beyond the K/BxN arthritis model, we examined the efficacy of sialylated compared to nonsialylated IVIg for the ability to attenuate immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in a mouse model that approximates the clinical setting of human ITP.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used a published, passive anti‐platelet (PLT) dose‐escalation mouse model of ITP that approximates clinical ITP. PLT counts were followed over time before and after IVIg treatment. IVIg from two different manufacturers was used to prepare untreated and neuraminidase‐treated IVIg. Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) affinity chromatography was used to obtain sialic acid–enriched and ‐depleted IVIg. Sialic acid content was determined using Western blot, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and high‐performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: Results were the same using sialylated and desialylated (neuraminidase‐treated) IVIg from two different manufacturers. No differences were observed between sialic acid–enriched and ‐depleted IVIg compared to normal IVIg in their efficacy to alleviate ITP. Using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, no increase in the spleen FcγRIIB mRNA was detectable, but a pronounced increase of FcγRIIB mRNA in the marrow was seen after IVIg administration.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that IVIg ameliorates experimental ITP by a mechanism that is independent of sialylation either in the Fc or the Fab region of IVIg.