bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of multislice computed tomography-coronary angiography in predicting coronary artery diseases in type-2 diabetic patients in the chest pain unit
Authors: Habour Ragab Ali Mohamed , Shawki Islam , Faragallah Ibrahim , Al-Adl Hossam 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting a wide range of the population all over the world. Microvascular and macrovascular complications are very common in diabetic patients with high incidence of affection of the coronary arteries. Rapid and efficient management in cases (especially diabetics) complaining of chest pain at the emergency department is a matter of great importance to decrease the incidence of subsequent complications. Our aim was to predict coronary artery diseases in type-2 diabetic patients with typical chest pain with normal initial cardiac investigations at the emergency room by using computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography.

Patients and methods
A total number of 100 patients were included in this study and classified into two groups: 80 patients with diabetes mellitus (group A) and 20 nondiabetic patients (group B) presented with chest pain. Complete history was taken from the cases with performing of complete physical examination, and routine laboratory and radiological investigations. Additionally, echocardiography and multislice CT-coronary angiography (coronary computed tomography angiography) were done for all cases. Also, calcium score was calculated.

Results
CT angiography revealed affection in 19 (23.8%) cases of the cases in group A with no affected cases in group B with a statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was a high statistically significant agreement between the findings of the CT angiography and coronary angiography results (P<0.001). CT angiography had sensitivity of 70.37%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 86.89%, and accuracy of 90%.

Conclusion
An early coronary computed tomography angiography strategy has revealed high sensitivity in prediction of coronary artery disease affection as compared with ordinary coronary angiography in cases presented with chest pain to emergency department.
Study of feeding problems in neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit in Minya General Hospital
Authors: Hassan Mostafa A. , Hassan Abd El-Monem M. , Mohammed Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Proper nutrition in the neonate is essential for normal growth, resistance to infection, long-term health, and optimal neurologic and cognitive development. It is essential to start enteral nutrition early to infants by giving small amounts of milk to ensure that metabolic homeostasis is kept stable and to limit postnatal growth retardation. This study aimed to determine feeding problems in the newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit after starting enteral feeding in Minya General Hospital from May 2018 to August 2018.

Patients and methods
This study included 100 patients who had feeding problems, data of the patients were collected and analyzed according to standard guidelines, and values were expressed in terms of percentage.

Results
Abdominal distention was the most common feeding problem as it was in 42% of the studied cases. The most common morbidity associated with feeding problems was respiratory distress as it was in 68% of admitted cases, the common cause of distress was transient tachypnea of newborn followed by respiratory distress syndrome. The study showed a significant difference between full term and preterm regarding the method of feeding, type of milk formula, trophic feeding, and duration of parenteral nutrition.

Conclusion
The most morbidity associated with feeding problems was respiratory distress. Feeding problems increased in preterm. There was increasing incidence of feeding problems with infant formula than human milk. Also, necrotizing enterocolitis was in 11% of the studied cases and occurs mostly in preterm and the most common feeding problem was abdominal distention.
Assessment of modified Zancolli arthroplasty for basal thumb arthritis
Authors: Kornah Bahaa A. , Bayuomy Maysra A.E. , Ibrahim Ahmed G. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
The trapeziometacarpal arthritis is one of the most common joint problems affecting women after the age of 50 years. Surgery is indicated after failure of conservative treatment with continuation of pain and functional disabilities. One of the most reported and well-known surgical procedure for management of basal thumb arthritis is the ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition arthroplasty. The aim of the study was to evaluate patients who underwent modified Zancolli arthroplasty for basal thumb arthritis.

Patients and methods
The study included 15 patients with basal thumb arthritis (three males and 12 females). Full clinical examination and scoring of the hand was done using Quick DASH, visual analog scale, measuring range of motion, and grip strength. All patients underwent full radiological and laboratory investigations.

Results
Overall pain intensity was measured with a visual analog scale, which ranged from 5–10 preoperatively and ranged from 0 to 1 6 months postoperatively. Regarding the DASH score, there was improvement from a mean of 64.48±16.61 points preoperatively to a mean of 1.37±1.67 points postoperatively. The mean postoperative abduction was 75% to the normal side, opposition was 80% to the normal side, and power grip was 90% to the normal hand.

Conclusion
Modified Zancolli arthroplasty is an effective means of treating symptomatic patients with trapeziometacarpal arthritis who failed to improve with nonsurgical measures. This technique ensures a dynamic fixation of the apical ligament and provides better stability. The procedure is simple both technically and regarding postoperative care.
Ketoconazole 2% cream versus a combination of ketoconazole 2% cream and adapalene 0.1% gel in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor
Authors: Tawfik Khaled M. , Mahmmoud Waleed A. , Ali Amira G.E. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Pityriasis versicolor is a common chronic superficial fungal infection that manifests during or after puberty in hot humid temperatures. Topical treatments, which are the first line of treatment, are divided into nonspecific and specific antifungal agents; however, the therapeutic approaches for pityriasis versicolor depend mainly on synthetic antifungal drugs, in particular ketoconazole. However, due to the frequent recurrence of this disease, and the widespread application of azole drugs, resistant strains have emerged leading to increasingly failed treatment rates. Retinoic acid creams are also effective against pityriasis versicolor. Especially adapalene gel that has less irritation compared with other topical retinoid products and also has rapid onset of action. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination treatment of ketoconazole cream 2% and adapalene gel 0.01% in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor.

Patients and methods
In all, 100 patients were divided equally into two groups: group 1 patients were treated with topical application ketoconazole 2% cream and adapalene 0.1% gel once daily for a total duration of 2 weeks. Group 2 patients were treated with a topical application ketoconazole 2% cream for a total duration of 2 weeks.

Results
There was significant improvement rates in the combined group than ketoconazole-only group with P value=0.023. Adepalene+ketoconacole group had more irritation as a side effect than the ketoconazole group with significant P value=0.001.

Conclusion
The combination of adapalene 0.1% gel and ketoconazole 2% cream is safe, rapid, and effective in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor.
Detection of Steroids in Topical Fairness Preparations Using Histamine Wheal Test
Authors: Nithya Satish , Srinivas Chakravarthi R. , Lal Surendranath 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Topical corticosteroid (TC) abuse is a common, worldwide, problem. One of the recent emerging concerns is the adulteration of TC in fairness cream. The presence of TC in skin-whitening cosmetic creams can be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Since HPLC is expensive, time-taking and not easily available, we suggest the use of histamine wheal test as a simple and inexpensive test to detect the presence of topical steroids in fairness cream.
Mucocutaneous Ulcers Unmasking Severe Systemic Methotrexate Toxicity – A Case-Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Janet J Vincy , Bhat Pernaje Ishwara , Prathibha J.P. , Augustine Mary , Madhukara J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Methotrexate is a widely used immunosuppressant with good efficacy and cost-effectiveness. However, one of the drawbacks of methotrexate has been toxicity due to accidental overdose. During the COVID pandemic, there was an alarming increase in the number of patients with methotrexate toxicity which prompted us to do this study.

Objective:
To evaluate the clinical features and contributing factors in patients presenting with methotrexate toxicity.

Materials and Methods:
A detailed evaluation of the clinical features, laboratory indices, contributing factors, and outcomes of the patients presenting with methotrexate toxicity was analyzed.

Results:
A total of 19 cases were seen during the study period. All of the patients had oral mucositis and several developed cutaneous ulcerations. Laboratory abnormalities included cytopenia, transaminitis, and renal impairment. While sixteen patients recovered successfully, three people died as a result of delays in medical assistance. In addition to comorbidities, pandemic-induced restrictions played a major role in patients accidentally overdosing with methotrexate.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the fact that even low-dose methotrexate taken incorrectly can result in a lethal outcome, which is preventable.
Pediatric Dermatitis Seborrhoica - A Clinical and Therapeutic Review
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Wollina Uwe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pediatric dermatitis seborrhoica (DS) is a common inflammatory disorder of infancy and adolescence distinct from atopic dermatitis. We performed a narrative review on clinical and therapeutic aspects of the disease. The prevalence varies geographically and can reach up to 10%. There is a slight male predominance. Although etiopathology is not well known, both endogenous and exogenous factors contribute. Skin microbiome and its interaction with sebaceous gland function is crucial. The inflammatory pathways include innate immune function and skin barrier disturbances. Malassezia spp. and certain bacteria are increased in lesional skin. DS develops in different clinical subtypes, from localized cephalic to disseminated disease with a risk of erythroderma and eczema herpeticatum. Treatment consists of skin care and topical and rarely systemic medical therapy. Cornerstones of treatment are antifungals and mild corticosteroids. Targeted treatment is on the horizon. Pediatric DS is a common disorder important in the differential diagnosis of skin problems in infants and and children. Due to better understanding of its pathogenesis, new treatment options are developed.
Ectodermal Dysplasia – An Overview and Update
Authors: Dev Anubha , Malhi Kittu , Mahajan Rahul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by abnormal development of ectodermal structures like hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands. Alhough they were earlier classified according to the structures affected and hence the clinical manifestations, recent developments inch towards a genetic basis for classification. They are currently divided into four groups of disorders based on the pathway involved, which includes the ectodysplasin/nuclear factor-kappa B (NFKB) pathway, wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10 ([wingless related integration site] WNT10), tumor protein p63 (TP63), and the structural group. In spite of attempts at the segregation of the various disorders, there is a great degree of overlap in clinical features among the conditions, which makes a thorough history-taking and clinical examination important in helping us arrive at a diagnosis and judge the various systems involved. A multidisciplinary approach forms the crux of the management of patients with ectodermal dysplasias and their families, with a focus on education, counseling, prosthesis, and an overall rehabilitative outlook. Special attention must also be paid to screening family members for varying severities of the disorders, and an attempt must be made at a genetic diagnosis with genetic counseling.
IJCM_136A: Prevalence Of Risk Factors For NCDs And Its Associated Factors in Rural Field Practice Area of RDJMMCH, Turki, Muzaffarpur, Bihar.
Authors: Singh Tulika , Priya Prachi , Kumar Madhu Rendra , Kumar Pawan , Kumar Arun 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that are not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs mainly consists of cardio vascular diseases, diabetes, stroke etc. It accounts for 68% of global deaths. The prevalence rates in India is1.6% to 7.4% and 1% to 13.2% in rural and urban population respectively.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for NCDs in rural field practice areas of RDJMMCH, Turki, Muzaffarpur.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study done among people above 30 years of age residing in study area from March to April, 2023. Data was collected using CBRA (community-based risk assessment) checklist for NCDs. Sample size of 157 was calculated assuming the prevalence of risk factor for NCDs being 30% with 95% confidence interval and absolute precision of 7.5%. Systematic random and simple random sampling was applied.

Results:
Mean age of participants was 47.9 years. Majority of them were females (56%) belonging to Hindu religion (98%). 41% were illiterate and major occupation practiced was farming (74%). Prevalence of risk factor for NCDs was 17.2%. On performing Chi-Square test smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity and family history of NCDâ€™s were found to be significantly associated.

Conclusion:
As prevalence of risk factor for NCDs is 17.2%. Thus, it is the need of hour to have timely update about the disease and motivate them for healthy lifestyle.
IJCM_140A: A Study On The Medication Compliance Among Adult Registered Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus In The Urban Health Training Centre Of MMCRI, Mysuru
Authors: Nair Rachana K , Ahmed Mansoor 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Globally, diabetes is one of the four priority noncommunicable diseases targeted for action because of its higher burden and complications. Good Medication adherence is essential to reduce complications of diabetes and its adverse outcomes. Non-adherence to diabetic medications is one of the critical public health challenges. Irregular access to medications, increased number of drugs, presence of side effects and lack of awareness were some of the primary reasons reported for poor adherence. Hence there is a need to assess the magnitude of these reasons so that suitable interventional measures may be adopted to reduce medication non-adherence among people with diabetes.

Objective:
1) To estimate the proportion of medication compliance among registered patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the urban health training center of MMCRI, Mysuru 2) To assess the influence of determinants on medication compliance among study subjects.

Methodology:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among registered type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients under Urban Health Training Centre, Nazarbad from June 2021 to May 2022 using Multistage random sampling. Medication Adherence was assessed using Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis

Results:
48.6% of males and 51.3% of females were involved in the study. 58.6% had good medication adherence, 5.9% had medium medication adherence and 35.45% had poor medication adherence.. In this study, we found that as the age increased the patients had poor adherence to diabetic medications. Also, socioeconomic status, gender, educational status were found to be significantly associated with adherence to medication.

Conclusion:
As the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus continues to rise in India, it is increasingly important to maintain and improve the patient’s adherence to medication for to prevent complications and to provide a better quality of life.
IJCM_142A: Perceptions and practices regarding the use of helmets among college students of Mangalore city- A cross sectional study
Authors: Jain Animesh , Aishwarya Guntur , Singh Monika , Kamat Rohaan , Guliani Astha , Sattigeri Amitavikram 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Road traffic injuries remain a significant public health concern, contributing to a rising number of fatalities and hospitalizations, in India. Despite the proven effectiveness of helmets, cultural and practical barriers persist, especially among the youth in India.

Objectives:
To assess the perceptions and practices regarding the use of helmets among different college students of Mangalore city.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Mangalore, Karnataka, focusing college students from selected institutions. Convenience sampling was employed, with a calculated sample size of 270, and data was collected from 273 participants. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and percentages, were performed using SPSS version 11.5.

Results:
Of the 272 respondents (97.84% response rate), 85.66% were two- wheeler users, with 56.6% regularly using helmets. Full-face helmets were the most common choice, and 43.9% began using helmets following the implementation of helmet laws. Main reasons for non-compliance included concerns about excessive heat, impact on appearance, and handling difficulties. Awareness of penalties for law violation varied, with 53% aware for riders and 33% for pillion riders. While 41.5% deemed the penalty appropriate, 65% believed no one should be exempt from the law. Surprisingly, 45.16% advocated for the abolishment of the law.

Conclusion:
The study found that helmet usage is primarily driven by safety concerns, but a significant portion only started using them after legislation enforcement. Barriers to compliance included heat discomfort and aesthetic concerns. Despite awareness, a significant proportion expressed a desire for helmet laws’ abolishment, highlighting a complex relationship between awareness and compliance.
IJCM_154A: Feasibility and Adherence of the Multimodal Oncology Rehabilitation Exercise (MORE) program amongst head and neck cancer survivors in a tertiary care hospital in India – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Pai Hritika Deepak , Kumar K. Vijaya , Mithra Prasanna , Samuel Stephen Rajan , Athiyamaan M.S. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Owing to the improvements in the diagnostic and treatment modalities, survivorship outcomes have improved drastically among cancer survivors across the globe. A mounting body of evidence states that exercise can significantly benefit physical and mental health during the various stages of anti-cancer treatment. A frequently used outcome measure used to determine exercise adherence rates and the causes for adherence and non-adherence is the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS).

Objective:
To assess the adherence of a tailored home Multimodal Oncology Rehabilitation Exercise (MORE) program amongst head and neck cancer survivors in a tertiary care hospital in India using the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS).

Methodology:
The EARS tool was provided to a sample of 22 head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors with stages III to IVb during the 3rd month follow-up. The home exercise program consisted of a template provided to the survivors on the day of discharge. The program consisted of tailored exercises i.e., cognitive motor strategies, a physical exercise program and relaxation strategies. Additionally, the participants were provided with an activity log to record the time, duration and any adverse events occurring during the exercise program.

Results:
The 6-item EARS tool was administered to the 22 HNC survivors. 45.5% of the 22 survivors regarded ‘lack of time’ as a barrier to exercising regularly. 18% of the survivors claimed to often forget exercising on a regular basis as recommended by the therapist. However, 50% of the survivors performed most or all of the exercises on a regular basis.

Conclusion:
Lack of time, forgetting to exercise and not fitting the exercises into regular routine can be regarded as essential barriers to adherence to the exercise regimen. The participants did not report any adverse events during the course of the exercise routine.
IJCM_161A: Lifestyle related risk behaviour among hypertensive fishermen: Baseline: characteristics of an interventional study
Authors: Jois Gahan S , Kulkarni Muralidhar M. , Eshwari K , Kunder Manjula Anil , Shivashankar K.N 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Fishing forms one of the essential livelihood options of inhabitants of the coastal line of the country. It is a stressful and hazardous occupation making fishermen prone to multiple lifestyle diseases. A number of researches have revealed that modifiable risk factors of NCDs are prevalent and are associated with NCDs, including hypertension among fishermen. Risk factors contributing to these include; tobacco and alcohol consumption, unhealthy dietary habits and obesity

Objective:
To identify the socio-demographic and lifestyle related risk factors among hypertensive fishermen at baseline of an interventional study

Methodology:
Baseline data for an interventional study was collected among hypertensive fishermen. Participants were recruited from Malpe and Kaup villages of Udupi district for the intervention and routine care arms respectively using a purposive sampling method identified from existing database. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire using standard protocols. A health educational video was then shown to the participants of the intervention arm. The baseline data of both arms was entered and analysed using SPSS Version.26.0.

Results:
The mean (±SD) age of 112 participating fishermen from both study arms was 58.53 (± 8.72) years. Around 62.5% and 37.5% fishermen had blood pressure in grade 2 and grade 1 range respectively. More than half (61.6%) were ever tobacco users with 50.9% indulging in the habit of smokeless tobacco chewing. Majority (90.2%) were consumers of alcohol with 33% users indulging in hazardous drinking and showing dependence patterns. Nearly three-fourth (70.6%) fishermen were found to be obese and only 1.8% showed a low risk of cardiovascular diseases based on their waist-hip ratio.

Conclusion:
Risk factors for hypertension and other NCDs like substance use and central obesity were found in more than half of the hypertensive fishermen. Novel interventions facilitating behavioural modification in such occupational groups is essential