bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of house dust mites
Authors: Cui Yubao , Gao Cuixiang , Zhou Ying , Zhou Peng , Peng Ming , Lin Yingzi , Peng Jianglong 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
House dust mites live in house dusts and affect the health of humans. Among the many species, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Euroglyphus maynei have been found to be commonly associated with Ig-E-mediated allergic diseases. As a result, there is increasing effort to develop methods for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by these species. The purpose of the current study was to explore the evolutionary relationships among house dust mites. After adult D. farinae were separated and isolated for total RNA extract, the cDNA coding for Der f 1 and Der f 2 were cloned and sequenced. Then amino acid sequences for group 1 and 2 allergens of two of the most common house dust mites, D. pteronyssinus, E. maynei, were obtained from databases. Interestingly, homological analysis of amino acid sequences showed that both Der p 1 and Der p 2 from D. pteronyssinus had more similarities to Eur m 1 and Eur m 2, respectively, than they had to Der f 1 and Der f 2 from D. farinae. In the phylogenetic trees, D. pteronyssinus clustered with E. maynei, but not with D. farinae, although D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae belong to the same genus according to morphological taxonomy. It was previously assumed that D. pteronyssinus was more similar to E. maynei than to D. farinae at evolutionary levels.
Molecular Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria: From Defective Protein to Disease-Causing Gene Mutation
Authors: Pavlović Sonja , Stojiljković Maja 
Published: November 2009

Molecular Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria: From Defective Protein to Disease-Causing Gene MutationPhenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism, with an average incidence of 1/10000 in Caucasians. PKU is caused by more than 500 mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) which result in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme deficiency. Two approaches, in vitro expression analysis of mutant PAH and genotype-phenotype correlation study, are used for the assessment of severity ofPAHmutations. It has been shown that there is a significant correlation between mutantPAHgenotypes and PKU phenotypes. As a result, the molecular diagnosis is completely shifted toward the detection of mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. The study of the molecular basis of PKU in Serbia included identification of the spectrum and frequency ofPAHmutations in Serbian PKU patients and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis. By using both PCR-RFLP and »broad range« DGGE/DNA sequencing analysis, the mutation detection rate reached 97%. Thus, the base for molecular diagnosis, genetic counseling and selection of BH4-responsive PKU patients in Serbia was created.
Quantifying Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Serum
Authors: Thorn Jim , Guillemin Henri , de I'Escaille Francois 
Published: November 2009

Quantifying Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in SerumAlcohol abuse is a major public health problem with significant consequences for the society and economy. A biomarker commonly used for the analysis of alcohol abuse is serum CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin). Very few conditions other than heavy alcohol consumption over a period of two to three weeks cause serum CDT to rise. Here we report a capillary electrophoresis method that is able to quantify CDT and the high resolution and reproducibility of the method make it possible to identify potential variants while avoiding false results.
Gamma Knife thalamotomy for treatment of essential tremor: long-term results
Authors: Young Ronald F. , Li Francisco , Vermeulen Sandra , Meier Robert 
Published: November 2009

Object
The goal of this report was to describe the safety and effectiveness of nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM) thalamotomy performed with the Leksell Gamma Knife (GK) for the treatment of essential tremor (ET).

Methods
One hundred seventy-two patients underwent a total of 214 VIM thalamotomy procedures with the Leksell GK between February 1994 and March 2007 for treatment of disabling ET. Eleven patients were lost to follow-up less than 1 year after the procedures, so that in this report the authors describe the results in 161 patients who underwent a total of 203 thalamotomies (119 unilateral and 42 bilateral).

Results
There were statistically significant decreases (p < 0.0001) in tremor scores for both writing and drawing. The mean postoperative follow-up duration for all patients was 44 ± 33 months. Fifty-four patients have been followed for more than 60 months posttreatment. There were 14 patients who suffered neurological side effects that were temporary (6) or permanent (8), which accounted for 6.9% of the 203 treatments. All complications were related to lesions that grew larger than expected.

Conclusions
A VIM thalamotomy with the Leksell GK offers a safe and effective alternative for surgical treatment of ET. It is particularly applicable to patients who are not ideal candidates for deep brain stimulation but can be offered to all patients who are considering surgical intervention for ET.
Transfer of supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve in C7–T1 brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Bertelli Jayme Augusto , Ghizoni Marcos Flavio 
Published: November 2009

Object
In C7–T1 palsies of the brachial plexus, shoulder and elbow function are preserved, but finger motion is absent. Finger flexion has been reconstructed by tendon or nerve transfers. Finger extension has been restored ineffectively by attaching the extensor tendons to the distal aspect of the dorsal radius (termed tenodesis) or by tendon transfers. In these palsies, supinator muscle function is preserved, because innervation stems from the C-6 root. The feasibility of transferring supinator branches to the posterior interosseous nerve has been documented in a previous anatomical study. In this paper, the authors report the clinical results of supinator motor nerve transfer to the posterior interosseous nerve in 4 patients with a C7–T1 root lesion.

Methods
Four adult patients with C7–T1 root lesions underwent surgery between 5 and 7 months postinjury. The patients had preserved motion of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist, but they had complete palsy of finger motion. They underwent finger flexion reconstruction via transfer of the brachialis muscle, and finger and thumb extension were restored by transferring the supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve. This nerve transfer was performed through an incision over the proximal third of the radius. Dissection was carried out between the extensor carpi radialis brevis and the extensor digitorum communis. The patients were followed up as per regular protocol and underwent a final evaluation 12 months after surgery. To document the extent of recovery, the authors assessed the degree of active metacarpophalangeal joint extension of the long fingers. The thumb span was evaluated by measuring the distance between the thumb pulp and the lateral aspect of the index finger.

Results
Surgery to transfer the supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve was straightforward. Twelve months after surgery, all patients were capable of opening their hand and could fully extend their metacarpophalangeal joints. The distance of thumb abduction improved from 0 to 5 cm from the lateral aspect of the index finger.

Conclusions
Transferring supinator motor nerves directly to the posterior interosseous nerve is effective in at least partially restoring thumb and finger extension in patients with lower-type injuries of the brachial plexus.
Vaccine therapy with dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA for glioma in mice
Authors: Saka Makoto , Amano Takayuki , Kajiwara Koji , Yoshikawa Koichi , Ideguchi Makoto , Nomura Sadahiro , Fujisawa Hirosuke , Kato Shoichi , Fujii Masami , Ueno Koji , Hinoda Yuji , Suzuki Michiyasu 
Published: November 2009

Object
The Il13ra2 gene is often overexpressed in brain tumors, making Il13ra2 one of the vaccine targets for immunotherapy of glioma. In this study, using a mouse glioma model, the authors tested the hypothesis that vaccination using dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA induces strong immunological antitumor effects.

Methods
A plasmid was constructed for transduction of the mRNAs transcribed in vitro into dendritic cells. This was done to transport the intracellular protein efficiently into major histocompatibility complex class II compartments by adding a late endosomal/lysosomal sorting signal to the Il13ra2 gene. The dendritic cells transfected with this Il13ra2 mRNA were injected intraperitoneally into the mouse glioma model at 3 and 10 days after tumor cell implantation. The antitumor effects were estimated based on the survival rate, results of histological analysis, and immunohistochemical findings for immune cells.

Results
The group treated by vaccination therapy with dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA survived significantly longer than did the control groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that greater numbers of T lymphocytes containing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found in the group vaccinated with dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of vaccination with dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA for the treatment of malignant glioma.
Adenosine A2A receptors in early ischemic vascular injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Sehba Fatima A. , Flores Rowena , Muller Artur , Friedrich Victor , Chen Jiang-Fan , Britz Gavin W. , Winn H. Richard , Bederson Joshua B. 
Published: November 2009

Object
The role of adenosine A2A receptors in the early vascular response after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unknown. In other forms of cerebral ischemia both activation and inhibition of A2A receptors is reported to be beneficial. However, these studies mainly used pharmacological receptor modulation, and most of the agents available exhibit low specificity. The authors used adenosine A2A receptor knockout mice to study the role of A2A receptors in the early vascular response to SAH.

Methods
Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in wild-type mice (C57BL/6) and A2A receptor knockout mice by endovascular puncture. Cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and blood pressure were recorded, and cerebral perfusion pressure was deduced. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, or 6 hours after SAH or sham surgery. Coronal brain sections were immunostained for Type IV collagen, the major protein of the basal lamina. The internal diameter of major cerebral arteries and the area fraction of Type IV collagen–positive microvessels (< 100 μm) were determined.

Results
The initial increase in intracranial pressure and decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure at SAH induction was similar in both types of mice, but cerebral blood flow decline was significantly smaller in A2A receptor knockout mice as compared with wild-type cohorts. The internal diameter of major cerebral vessels decreased progressively after SAH. The extent of diameter reduction was significantly less in A2A receptor knockout mice than in wild-type mice. Type IV collagen immunostaining decreased progressively after SAH. This decrease was significantly less in A2A receptor knockout mice than in wild-type mice.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that global inactivation of A2A receptors decreases the intensity of the early vascular response to SAH. Early inhibition of A2A receptors after SAH might reduce cerebral injury.
Dynamique non linéaire du marché mondial des huiles et des graisses
Authors: Voituriez Tancrède 
Published: November 2009

Nonlinear dynamics in world vegetable oils prices
Price dynamics analysis provides key information on the possible consequences one can expect from the opening up and the liberalization of agricultural markets. The potential role of chaotic dynamics in generating world vegetable oils prices is investigated here with more than 1400 weekly data. The evidence of a pure chaotic determinism cannot be accepted, while the proof of nonlinear dynamics in prices remains strong and casts some doubt on the market's ability to find out its equilibrium position and stabilize by itself.
Propriété privée et politique de reboisement Le cas des groupements forestiers
Authors: Marty Pascal 
Published: November 2009

Private property and reforestation policy : the forest groupings
Since 1954, forest groupings are observed in the french forests. This collective private property was imposed thanks to very interesting financial conditions. But, during a period of 30 years, these resinous voluntary reforestations will be managed by the forest department of Agricultural Ministry. At the end of this period, the owners groups will encounter problems to manage themselves forest groupings because they were kept out of the practical experience of management. The becoming of these reforestations could take several directions but the change from collective private property to the public forest is not excluded.
Grande distribution : le paradoxe de l'effet-prix
Authors: Saada Estelle , Valentin Julie 
Published: November 2009

<i>Small and big shops :
the paradox of the price-effect </i>
Since 1986, it seems to be obvious that the french governement, wants to protect little shops against the stringent su- permarkets'competition. The aim of this paper is to analyse the perturbations due to the entry of a supermarket on a pure competitive market composed only by little shops. This study provides a conceptual framework to deem not only the prédation but also the price effects of this entry. À paradoxal effect on prices appears. The conclusion suggests the relevant levels of the technological conditions that are necessary to yield positive effects on the social welfare.
Distribution alimentaire et prestation de services logistiques
Authors: Paché Gilles 
Published: November 2009

Food retailing and logistical services : the specificities of the french model
For many years, European food retailers have been controlling the logistics channel by setting up or taking over distribution centers whose task it is to supply the stores network in the place of manufacturers and wholesalers. However the present trend is to subcontract the management of operations to such third-party logistics providers as have acquired a sound experience in this field. The latter more and more often offer tailored solutions, rather than standard ones, which exactly meet the requirements of each shipper. The paper focuses on this theme and develops in particular the French system, by showing that it stands apart from the general scheme, owing to the weight of history in the definition of logistical choices. The food retailers having opted for own account distribution, at the very start, find it very difficult to give it up today. Yet when such is the case, the outsourcing process remains marginal and favours a policy of cost reduction.
La complémentarité entre formes de gouvernance
Authors: Brousseau Eric , Codron Jean-Marie 
Published: November 2009

Complementarities among governance structures : supplying supermarkets with off-season fruit
Observed relationships between off-season fruits wholesaler-importers and supermarket retailers show that governance structures are selected not only to minimize transactions costs. « Market» enables the marketing chain to adjust flexibly to the high degree of uncertainty. It also enables buyers to benefit from low purchase prices. However, it fails to elicit satisfactory management of product quality when that requires specific investments. That is the reason for the design of« hybrid forms ». Hybrids, however, do not offer sufficient flexibility. As a result, the wholesaler-importers and supermarket retailers employ both forms of governance, which turn out to be complements rather than substitutes. From a theoretical point of view, our study confirms several william- sonian intuitions. However, it invalidates the idea that choices are made solely on the basis of transaction costs. We show that economic agents evaluate paired «coordination properties/transaction costs», and that discrete forms of governance can be combined to obtain hybrid properties.
Carrefour depuis son introduction en bourse
Authors: Pariente Simon 
Published: November 2009

Carrefour since its initial public offering
This study gives informations about Carrefour's results and strategy since the entry of the company in the Stock Exchange (1970). The Carrefour group has become one of the best retailers in the world. An investor who acquired Carrefour stock at the IPO and resold it at the end of 1997 got 24 % per year return. The excellent performance of the French leader, especially since 1992-1993, maybe explained by an exceptional qualitative and quantitative leap in an increasingly internationalized context. The first part of this paper presents the territorial and strategic position of Carrefour as well as the methodology employed to analyze the retailer's financial situation. The second part of the survey justifies the power acquired by Carrefour, measurable by both economic value added and shareholder value.
Éléments pour l'évaluation de l'impact des politiques agricoles à l'échelon de deux cantons aquitains
Authors: Loué Sophie , Daucé Pierre , Laplana Ramon 
Published: November 2009

Elements for a local evaluation of agricultural policies impacts
Studying the direct farming subsidies provides insight into the relative weight, the respective impacts of the various procedures agricultural policies and the adequacy between these policies and the local requirements. Analysis reveals the significant effects of structural measures, despite the predominance of compensatory subsidies. However, their impact is felt to widely varying degrees, according to whether they involve farm renewal, the adaptation of production factors, system dynamics or income. In other respects, with regard to of the local agriculture, the study highlights some discordance between CAP effects and objects of the structural measures. On another front, the multiplicity of public aids and subsidies induces highly certain and complex management procedures, leading to difficulties in accessing information. Furthermore, this approach demonstrates also the consequences of the distance that separates the levels of management and of the uniformity of the methods of policy implementation opposite the local territorial context.
Le métier d'éleveur face à une politique de protection de la bio-diversité
Authors: Le Guen Roger , Sigwalt Annie 
Published: November 2009

The role fo farmers with a conservation program. the exemple of the OGAF - local land improvement project) in flooded meadows of Anjou
The introduction of an environnemental measure which aims to protect in the corne crake meadows liable to be flooded brings news responsabilities to local farmers : the upkeep of an environnemental sensitive area. The various interpretations of the conservation scheme (bearing in mind the network of relations and influence of individuel farmers) have provoked debates on meadows management norms, which have been called into question by new ornothological and landscape interests. But in conflicts with other agents for environnemental conservation, farmers have gradually come to be respected as experts and mediators, and therein found a new sense of indentity.
De l'institution à l'individu. Esquisse du paysage agri-environnemental dans trois pays européens
Authors: Billaud Jean-Paul , Pinton Florence 
Published: November 2009

From institutions to individuals: sketching the agri-environmental landscape in three european countries
This paper accounts fora comparative research on the application of agri-environmental measures in Germany, France and Portugal. The results we present here are extracted from a sociological inquiry conducted with about 700 farm-holders, in seven regions of these three above-mentioned European countries. We have questioned these farmers -had they signed or not any agreement- and all the various actors implied in the implementation of this European policy on the local as well as on the national scale. In this paper, we aim at explaining why applying these agri-environmental measures impulses a paradoxical dynamics coming to light thanks to the different scales taken into account by the analyses. If these measures come in addition to others already existing, the engagement of farmers is to be replaced in a social logic combining choices arising from their experience as producers, but also arising from their growing awareness of their citizenship.
Agritourisme. Logiques d'acteurs ou logiques de territoires ?
Authors: Disez Nathalie 
Published: November 2009

Agritouristic stategies : from formes ou territories ?
Agritourism, meaning leisure and tourism activities proposed by farmers in relation with the farm, is an innovating activity and takes part in rural development. The analysis of agritourism contribution for rural development in six regions of the Massif Central must bring some reservations. The collective feature of the development is lower. And, even if territorial factors take part in the farmer's choice agritouristic, strategies show us more the diversity than a real territorial characteristic. These conclusions are relative. On the one hand, it may be early to analyse agritourism contribution because it is moving to more complex activities with bigger farmers'commitment in tourism. On the other hand, is not the small territorial dimension in relation with the characteristics of studied spaces ? At last, this survey could be extended by the study of rural and farming policies'effects on agritourism.
La modélisation en équilibre général calculable
Authors: Beaumais Olivier , Schubert Katheline 
Published: November 2009

Computable general equilibrium models : a view on economy/environnement interactions
Since a few years, computable general equilibrium models have been intensively used to analyse environmental policies. These models rely on a walrasian framework and allow for an explicit description of economy/environment interactions. In the first section, we describe briefly the main features of the computable general equilibrium models. Then in the second section we focuse on various ways to model environmental feedbacks on households or firms behaviours. We illustrate the notions of static and dynamic non-separability (or static and dynamic feedbacks) by taking examples from the recent literature. In the third section we finally present the scope of the calculable general equilibrium model and their role in the rise of the so-called 'double dividend' issue.
Usage du concept d'espace public pour une lecture critique des processus de concertation.
Authors: Candau Jacqueline 
Published: November 2009

Using the public sphere concept for a critical examination of the dialogue process. Case of the local agri-environment programmes in Aquitaine
In order to carry out a critical examination of the dialogue process, this article proposes to use the concept of public sphere, as defined by J. Habermas. This analysis applied to three local agri-environmental programmes shows that dialogue can be limited to a simple procedure or, on the contrary, turn into the construction of a collective process with more or less strong modes. These gradual modes of collective action are as follow : emergence of a multiple voiced-discussion, construction of a common will and criticism of the institutional space.