bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posting of workers, EU enlargement and the globalization of trade in services
Authors: LALANNE Stéphane 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.Western Europe is the developed world's most attractive location for the posting of workers. The eastward expansion of the EU has widened the wage gaps between Member States and heightened the risk of social dumping. The liberalization of posting was initially pursued as part of the strategy for developing the internal market for services. But this came up against strong resistance in some Member States, prompting Community regulators to improve the protection of posted workers. As globalization's testing ground for the effects of trade openness, the European internal market shows that safeguards are needed to counterbalance the liberalization of posting.
Job attitudes, behaviours and well‐being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel
Authors: GRACIA Francisco J. , RAMOS José , PEIRÓ José María , CABALLER Amparo , SORA Beatriz 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.Applying an innovative typology based on preference for temporary employment and perceived employability, the authors empirically examine four types of temporary workers (and a group of permanent workers for comparison). In a sample of 1,300 employees from six countries, they find significant differences between the four types on a broad set of variables – including demographic and job characteristics, attitude and insecurity – but not in life satisfaction and well‐being. They conclude with an argument against the equation of temporary employment with low‐skilled workers unable to find a permanent job, stressing the valuable implications of more sensitive research for policy‐making on flexicurity.
Primary school student employment and academic achievement in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
Authors: POST David 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.Across Latin America, large numbers of students engage in non‐school work during their years of compulsory education, either in the home or in an outside job. Drawing upon newly available data, this article uses OLS and multi‐level models to detect associations between different intensities and locations of employment and student achievement in mathematics and reading in the final year of primary school in four Andean countries. Even after controlling for the selection of working students into worse schools, employment is found to have a detrimental impact on achievement, especially when students work four or more hours per day.
Economic and social upgrading in global production networks: A new paradigm for a changing world
Authors: BARRIENTOS Stephanie , GEREFFI Gary , ROSSI Arianna 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.A key challenge in promoting decent work worldwide is how to improve the position of both firms and workers in value chains and global production networks driven by lead firms. This article develops a framework for analysing the linkages between the economic upgrading of firms and the social upgrading of workers. Drawing on studies which indicate that firm upgrading does not necessarily lead to improvements for workers, with a particular focus on the Moroccan garment industry, it outlines different trajectories and scenarios to provide a better understanding of the relationship between economic and social upgrading.
Gender and reconciliation of work and family in Iran
Authors: Mehdizadeh Narjes 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.The problem of work–family balance has not yet been articulated in developing countries as it has been in the developed countries, though work–family tensions are growing in developing countries as well. Against this background, the author examines the distribution of female employment in Iran and considers its possible determinants – with female labour force participation a mere 12.5 per cent in 2006. Drawing on a survey of 800 highly educated mothers, she highlights the crucial need for better childcare facilities to improve women's work–family balance and labour force participation, arguing for a policy approach combining formal/informal childcare with working time regulation.
New ILO standards on decent work for domestic workers: A summary of the issues and discussions
Authors: Tomei Manuela , Belser Patrick 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.The world's millions of domestic workers are mostly excluded from national labour laws because they work in private homes, in employment relationships with special characteristics. They are highly vulnerable to exploitation and abuse – often overworked, underpaid and subjected to violence. Adopted in June 2011, the ILO's Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189), and its accompanying Recommendation (No. 201) embody the resolve of governments and workers' and employers' organizations worldwide to remedy this situation. The authors of this paper, who were closely associated with the preparations and tripartite negotiations that led to the adoption of these instruments, review their contents and highlights of the underlying debates.
Does regular exercise during pregnancy influence lumbopelvic pain? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: STAFNE SIGNE N. , SALVESEN KJELL Å. , ROMUNDSTAD PÅL R. , STUGE BRITT , MØRKVED SIV 
Published: February 2012

Abstract Objective. To study lumbopelvic pain in women randomized to a regular exercise program during pregnancy in comparison to women receiving standard antenatal care. Design. A two‐armed, two‐center, randomized controlled trial. Setting. St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital and Stavanger University Hospital. Population. A total of 855 pregnant women were randomized to intervention or control groups. Methods. The intervention was a 12 week exercise program, including aerobic and strengthening exercises, conducted between 20 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. One weekly group session was led by physiotherapists, and home exercises were encouraged twice a week. The control group received standard antenatal care. Main outcome measures. Self‐reports of lumbopelvic pain and sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain. The data were analysed according to the “intention‐to‐treat” principle. Results. There were no significant differences between groups of women reporting lumbopelvic pain at 36 weeks (74 vs. 75%, p=0.76). The proportion of women on sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain was lower in the intervention group (22% vs 31%, p=0.01). Conclusions. Exercise during pregnancy does not influence the prevalence of lumbopelvic pain, but women offered a regular exercise course seem to handle the disorder better.
The oral‐systemic personalized medicine model at Marshfield Clinic
Authors: Glurich I , Acharya A , Shukla SK , Nycz GR , Brilliant MH 
Published: February 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 19, 1–17Periodontal disease and diabetes, two diseases that have achieved epidemic status, share a bidirectional relationship driven by micro‐inflammatory processes. The present review frames the current understanding of the pathological processes that appear to link these diseases and advances the hypothesis that reversal of the epidemic is possible through application of interdisciplinary intervention and advancement of oral‐systemic personalized medicine. An overview of how Marshfield Clinic’s unique clinical, informatics and bio‐repository resources and infrastructures are being aligned to advance oral‐systemic personalized medicine is presented as an interventional model with the potential to reverse the epidemic trends seen for these two chronic diseases over the past several decades. The overall vision is to engineer a transformational shift in paradigm from ‘personalized medicine’ to ‘personalized health’.
The effect of dietary turmeric on antioxidant properties of thigh meat in broiler chickens after slaughter
Authors: DANESHYAR Mohsen 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTTwo hundred and fifty‐day‐old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used to investigate the dietary supplementation effects of different levels of 0.0 turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) (free TRP, F.TRP), 0.25 (low TRP, L.TRP), 0.5 (medium TRP, M.TRP) and 0.75% TRP (high TRP, H.TRP) or 50 mg/kg vitamin E (VE) on antioxidant properties of thigh meat in broiler chickens after slaughter. No effect of treatment was observed for the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in thigh meat (P > 0.05) but all were reduced over time (P < 0.0001). A significant treatment*time interaction was observed for thigh meat GPX activity (P = 0.02). Significant effects of treatment and time were observed for malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the treatments for thigh meat MDA content at slaughter (P > 0.05). Three days after refrigerator storage, MDA content in thigh meat of M.TRP birds was lower than that of F.TRP birds (P < 0.05). Both the M.TRP and VE birds showed a lower MDA content in thigh meat as compared with F.TRP birds 7 days after storage (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary consumption of 5 mg/kg TRP can increases the thigh meat shelf‐life storage and quality in broiler chickens after slaughter.
Mercury in the Spinal Cord After Inhalation of Mercury
Authors: Roos Per M. , Dencker Lennart 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects anterior horn cells of the spinal cord causing an indolent slow and steady deterioration of muscle strength leading inevitably to death in respiratory failure. ALS is a model condition for neurodegenerative disorders. Exposure to different agents dispersed in the environment has been suggested to cause neurodegeneration but no convincing evidence for such a link has yet been presented. Respiratory exposure to metallic mercury (Hg0) from different sources may be suspected. Body distribution of metallic mercury is fast and depends on solubility properties. Routes of transport, metabolism, excretion and biological half‐life determine the overall toxic effects. Inhalation experiments were performed in 1984 where small marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) were exposed to 203Hg0 vapour mixed into the breathing air (4–5 μg/l). After 1 hr of exposure, they were killed and whole body autoradiograms prepared to study the distribution of mercury within organs. Autoradiograms showed that Hg was deposited inside the spinal cord. Areas of enhanced accumulation anatomically corresponding to motor nuclei could be observed. This study describes a reinvestigation, with new emphasis on the spinal cord, of these classical metal exposure data in a primate, focusing on their relevance for the causation of neurodegenerative disorders. A comparison with more recent rodent experiments with similar findings is included. The hypothesis that long‐time low‐dose respiratory exposure to metals, for example, Hg, contributes to neurodegenerative disorders is forwarded and discussed.
Morphological comparison of the regeneration process in Sabella spallanzanii and Branchiomma luctuosum (Annelida, Sabellida)
Authors: Licciano Margherita , Murray Joanna Michelle , Watson Gordon James , Giangrande Adriana 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWithin Annelida, the family Sabellidae is a particularly interesting clade in which to carry out comparative studies of regeneration, as its members vary in regeneration potential, with some even lacking this ability completely. However, data on the regenerative potential of sabellids are available only for a few species investigated early in the last century, and even for those, many aspects of regenerative ability are yet to be determined. In the present study, we compared the morphology of the regeneration process of anterior and posterior ends in Sabella spallanzanii and Branchiomma luctuosum, two sabellids that belong to closely related genera. Members of S. spallanzanii exhibited lower mortality in response to wounding and greater regenerative ability, with amputees able to complete the regeneration process more rapidly than in B. luctuosum. Moreover, results from this study suggest that adults of S. spallanzanii and B. luctuosum use different mechanisms to restore lost anterior body parts. In S. spallanzanii, both morphallaxis and epimorphosis appear to be important in anterior end regeneration, but in B. luctuosum, only epimorphosis appears to be important. Such variation among closely related taxa sharing similar body plans has rarely been reported, but might be profitably examined using molecular approaches in these and other species of sabellids. Results of such studies interpreted in the context of phylogeny may ultimately provide insight into the evolution of regeneration.
Moving Day and Night: Highly Labile Diel Activity Patterns in a Tropical Snake
Authors: Abom Rickard , Bell Kris , Hodgson Lauren , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMost animals have well established diel activity patterns (e.g., diurnal, crepuscular, or nocturnal), and changes in behavior from diurnal to nocturnal are rare in single species. We radio tracked 50 keelback snakes in a single population, locating them up to four times a day, over five periods of the year in the Australian dry tropics to describe temporal variation in diel movement patterns. Snake body temperatures were also recorded to determine the relationship between activity patterns and body temperatures. Season influenced diel activity patterns significantly. Keelbacks were more likely to move, and moved further in the daytime in the mid‐dry (June–July), and late dry (Aug–Sep) seasons. In the mid‐dry season, 87 percent of movements were diurnal, whereas in the mid‐wet (Feb–March) season, although snakes were much more likely to move, only 43 percent of movements were diurnal. In the late dry season, snakes were slightly more likely to move at night than at any other time of day, and so at this time of the year, snakes could be classified as nocturnal. Thus, overall increased movements in the mid‐wet season (austral summer) were associated with more crepuscular and nocturnal movement. There was a significant relationship between individual snake body temperatures and movement rates in all seasons. Changes in movement patterns may be related to body temperature, and this diurnal species becomes cathemeral in the tropics in summer, when it is possible to maintain high body temperatures both day and night.
Nitric Oxide Donor Exisulind Is an Effective Inhibitor of Murine Photocarcinogenesis†
Authors: Singh Tripti , Chaudhary Sandeep C. , Kapur Puneet , Weng Zhiping , Elmets Craig A. , Kopelovich Levy , Athar Mohammad 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNO‐releasing nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NO‐NSAIDs) have been shown to have anti‐inflammatory, antiproliferative and apoptosis‐inducing effects in tumor cells. Herein, we have investigated the effects of NO‐exisulind on the growth of UVB‐induced skin tumor development in a murine model. We found that the topical treatment with NO‐exisulind significantly reduced UVB‐induced tumors in SKH‐1 hairless mice. The tumors/tumor bearing mouse, the number of tumors/mouse and tumor volume/mouse decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared with vehicle‐treated and UVB‐irradiated positive controls. Consistently, NO‐exisulind‐treated animals showed reduced expression of proliferation markers, such as PCNA and cyclin D1. These mice also manifested increased expression of proapoptotic Bax and decreased expression of antiapoptotic Bcl2 with an increase in the number of TUNEL‐positive cells in tumors. We also investigated whether NO‐exisulind‐treated tumors are less invasive and progress less efficiently from benign to malignant carcinomas. For this, tumors were stained for various epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. NO‐exisulind decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers, such as Fibronectin, N‐cadherin, SNAI, Slug and Twist and enhanced the epithelial marker E‐cadherin. Similarly, UVB‐induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and p38 was decreased in NO‐exisulind‐treated animals. These data suggest that NO‐exisulind reduces tumor growth and inhibits tumor progression by blocking proliferation, inducing apoptosis and reducing EMT.
Comparison of dental esthetic perceptions of young adolescents and their parents
Authors: Kavand Golnaz , Broffitt Barbara , Levy Steven M. , Warren John J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives: To compare dental esthetic perceptions of adolescents at age 13 with those of parents and to assess associations with dental fluorosis.Methods: Adolescents aged 13 underwent dental examinations for fluorosis on maxillary anterior teeth using the Fluorosis Risk Index. Adolescents and parents completed questionnaires concerning satisfaction with adolescents’ dental appearance. McNemar and Bowker tests of symmetry were used for comparisons of esthetics ratings between parents and adolescents. Comparison of satisfaction between subjects with fluorosis and subjects with no fluorosis was made using Cochran‐Armitage Trend and Fisher's Exact tests.Results: From 376 adolescents included in the study, 26 percent had definitive fluorosis, mostly at a mild level. Fifteen percent of adolescents were dissatisfied with dental appearance, and concerns were mainly about color (45 percent) and alignment (35 percent). Adolescents were less satisfied with overall dental appearance (P < 0.001) and color (P = 0.048) and more concerned about tooth shape (P = 0.002) than were their parents. Fluorosis status (yes/no) was not significantly associated with adolescents’ perceptions (P > 0.05). Parents of subjects with fluorosis were more dissatisfied with dental appearance (P = 0.014) and color (P < 0.001) than other parents. The number of maxillary anterior zones exhibiting fluorosis was negatively associated with adolescent (P = 0.03) and parent (P = 0.002) satisfaction.Conclusion: Adolescents generally had less satisfaction with dental appearance and color, and were more concerned with tooth shape than were parents. For both parents and adolescents, decreased satisfaction was associated with the number of zones with definitive fluorosis.
Examining protected area effectiveness in Sumatra: importance of regulations governing unprotected lands
Authors: Gaveau D. L. A. , Curran L. M. , Paoli G. D. , Carlson K. M. , Wells P. , Besse‐Rimba A. , Ratnasari D. , Leader‐Williams N. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that protected areas conserve forests because deforestation rates are lower inside than outside protected area boundaries. Such benefits may be overestimated when deforestation rates within protected areas are contrasted with rates in lands where forest conversion is sanctioned. Here, we reexamine protected area performance by disentangling the effects of land use regulations surrounding the 110,000 km2 protected area network in Sumatra, Indonesia.We compared 1990–2000 deforestation rates across: (1) protected areas; (2) unprotected areas sanctioned for conversion; and (3) unprotected production areas where commercial logging is permitted but conversion is not. Deforestation rates were lower in protected areas than in conversion areas (Mean: −19.8%; 95% C.I.: −29.7—−10.0%; P < 0.001), but did not differ from production areas (Mean: −3.3%; 95% C.I.: −9.6—2.6%; P= 0.273).The measured protection impact of Sumatran protected areas differs with land use regulations governing unprotected lands used for comparisons. If these regulations are not considered, protected areas will appear increasingly effective as larger unprotected forested areas are sanctioned for conversion and deforested. In the 1990s, production areas were as effective as protected areas at reducing deforestation. We discuss implications of these findings for carbon conservation.
Family Finding and Engagement Beyond the Bench: Working Across International Borders
Authors: Northcott Felicity Sackville , Jeffries Wendy 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe unsupervised or hastily conceived movement of children out of foster care is not in the best interest of any child. Careful consideration of all possible permanency options must take place, and include the input of all potential care givers, stakeholders, and the child. Legal and judicial partners in the child welfare process must take a broader approach to family finding and engagement for every child in foster care so that more children find permanent homes. The goal of family finding and engagement may not be placing a child with a family member but can include locating non‐custodial parents to terminate rights to free the child for adoption, to notify a non‐custodial parent that his child is in care and explore his interest in reunification, or finding family members who may not be able to take physical custody of the child but can act as a resource for her. Each of these can be a viable permanent outcome in the best interest of the child and, therefore, should not be limited by geographic or cultural boundaries. All stakeholders in the permanency planning process can address these potential barriers by adopting a broader, more global, view of the range of permanent placements and family connections for all children in foster care.
Special Immigrant Juvenile Status: Relief for Neglected, Abused, and Abandoned Undocumented Children
Authors: Junck Angie 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTSpecial Immigrant Juvenile Status is a form of immigration relief available to undocumented children who are under the jurisdiction of a state juvenile court (defined broadly), who cannot be reunified with one or both parents due to abuse, neglect, or abandonment, or similar basis under state law, and in whose best interest it is to remain in the United States. Although immigration is a federal issue, Congress has directed that state juvenile courts make the factual findings that establish basic SIJS eligibility. Without these findings, children may never be able to legalize their status in the U.S. and become productive, contributing members of society.
Domestic Violence and Immigrants in Family Court
Authors: Thronson Veronica T. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTImmigrants, particularly women and children, are at greater risk for domestic violence not only because of their immigration status, but because of the way U.S. immigration law is structured. This article explores important aspects of the link between domestic violence and immigration law. First, it analyzes the way in which U.S. immigration law frameworks enable domestic violence and empower abusers. Second, it outlines the current relief options available in immigration law that use domestic violence as a factor. The article discusses the ways in which these issues may arise in family court proceedings and suggests approaches for addressing these issues to prevent the further victimization of vulnerable women and children.
When Federal and State Systems Converge: Foreign National Human Trafficking Victims Within Juvenile and Family Courts
Authors: Carr Bridgette 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis article highlights the concerns facing foreign national children who are both victims of human trafficking and under the jurisdiction of juvenile and family courts. Human trafficking is modern day slavery in which individuals, including children, are compelled into service and exploited. Foreign national human trafficking victims in juvenile and family court systems must navigate both the state system and a complex federal immigration system. This article explains the federal benefits available to these children and identifies the best practice approaches for juvenile and family court systems to increase identification of and support for foreign national child trafficking victims.