bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitätsentwicklung in der sprachpraktischen Ausbildung der Studiengänge fremdsprachlicher Fächer im Jahr 2010
Authors: Meißner Franz-Joseph 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the light of the current situation, the following paper discusses some central questions related to foreign language training so far as university students of modern language subjects are concerned. This affects the education of teachers as well as of specialists who combine particular foreign language skills with other academic competences. What do these students need in their future professional fields that should be learned in foreign language courses? What are their demands concerning foreign language instruction? It goes without saying that these questions are related to much more than language and languages. Thus teachers need didactical and methodical knowledge, knowledge about test construction, self-assessment and computer literacies. The importance of oral communication has constantly increased during the last forty years, but university courses often still focus writing. And what about translation? What are the criteria for good language teaching?
What Do We Know About the Iconic System CH3 + CH3 + M ↔ C2H6 + M?
Authors: Golden David M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A comparison of representative experimental data [296<T/K<1920; 103<P/atm<101] and “theory” reveals some of the strengths and weaknesses of current understanding of the title reaction. The available data has been reconciled with a theoretically derived value of the high-pressure rate constant for methyl radical combination using a hindered-Gorin transition state using the Multiwell suite of codes.
A child with a deletion in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 gene: 7-year follow-up and effects of thyroid hormone treatment
Authors: Zung Amnon , Visser Theo J , Uitterlinden André G , Rivadeneira Fernando , Friesema Edith C H 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveThe monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8; SLC16A2) has a pivotal role in neuronal triiodothyronine (T3) uptake. Mutations of this transporter determine a distinct X-linked psychomotor retardation syndrome (Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome (AHDS)) that is attributed to disturbed thyroid hormone levels, especially elevated T3 levels. We describe the genetic analysis of the MCT8 gene in a patient suspected for AHDS and the clinical and endocrine effects of L-thyroxine (LT4) or liothyronine (LT3) treatment intending to overcome the T3 uptake resistance through alternative transporters.MethodsThe six exons of the MCT8 gene were amplified individually by PCR. As multiple exons were missing, the length of the X-chromosomal deletion was determined by a dense SNP array, followed by PCR-based fine mapping to define the exact borders of the deleted segment. The clinical and endocrine data of the patient during 6.5 years of LT4 treatment and two periods (3 months each) of low- and high-dose LT3 were evaluated.ResultsA partial deletion of the MCT8 gene (comprising five of six exons) was detected, confirming the suspected AHDS. MCT8 dysfunction was associated with partial resistance to T3 at the hypothalamus and pituitary level, with normal responsiveness at the peripheral organs (liver and cardiovascular system). Thyroid hormone administration had no beneficial effect on the neurological status of the patient.ConclusionWe identified a 70 kb deletion encompassing exons 2–6 of the MCT8 gene in our AHDS patient. Both LT4 and LT3 administration had no therapeutic effect. Alternatively, treatment of AHDS patients with thyroid hormone analogs should be considered.
The Drosophila CPEB Protein Orb2 Has a Novel Expression Pattern and Is Important for Asymmetric Cell Division and Nervous System Function
Authors: Hafer Nathaniel , Xu Shuwa , Bhat Krishna Moorthi , Schedl Paul 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) proteins bind mRNAs to regulate their localization and translation. While the first CPEBs discovered were germline specific, subsequent studies indicate that CPEBs also function in many somatic tissues including the nervous system. Drosophila has two CPEB family members. One of these, orb, plays a key role in the establishment of polarity axes in the developing egg and early embryo, but has no known somatic functions or expression outside of the germline. Here we characterize the other Drosophila CPEB, orb2. Unlike orb, orb2 mRNA and protein are found throughout development in many different somatic tissues. While orb2 mRNA and protein of maternal origin are distributed uniformly in early embryos, this pattern changes as development proceeds and by midembryogenesis the highest levels are found in the CNS and PNS. In the embryonic CNS, Orb2 appears to be concentrated in cell bodies and mostly absent from the longitudinal and commissural axon tracts. In contrast, in the adult brain, the protein is seen in axonal and dendritic terminals. Lethal effects are observed for both RNAi knockdowns and orb2 mutant alleles while surviving adults display locomotion and behavioral defects. We also show that orb2 funtions in asymmetric division of stem cells and precursor cells during the development of the embryonic nervous system and mesoderm.
The Population Genetics of X–Autosome Synthetic Lethals and Steriles
Authors: Lachance Joseph , Johnson Norman A , True John R 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEpistatic interactions are widespread, and many of these interactions involve combinations of alleles at different loci that are deleterious when present in the same individual. The average genetic environment of sex-linked genes differs from that of autosomal genes, suggesting that the population genetics of interacting X-linked and autosomal alleles may be complex. Using both analytical theory and computer simulations, we analyzed the evolutionary trajectories and mutation–selection balance conditions for X–autosome synthetic lethals and steriles. Allele frequencies follow a set of fundamental trajectories, and incompatible alleles are able to segregate at much higher frequencies than single-locus expectations. Equilibria exist, and they can involve fixation of either autosomal or X-linked alleles. The exact equilibrium depends on whether synthetic alleles are dominant or recessive and whether fitness effects are seen in males, females, or both sexes. When single-locus fitness effects and synthetic incompatibilities are both present, population dynamics depend on the dominance of alleles and historical contingency (i.e., whether X-linked or autosomal mutations occur first). Recessive synthetic lethality can result in high-frequency X-linked alleles, and dominant synthetic lethality can result in high-frequency autosomal alleles. Many X–autosome incompatibilities in natural populations may be cryptic, appearing to be single-locus effects because one locus is fixed. We also discuss the implications of these findings with respect to standing genetic variation and the origins of Haldane’s rule.
Isoform-Specific Regulation of a Steroid Hormone Nuclear Receptor by an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Gradilla Ana-Citlali , Mansilla Alicia , Ferrús Alberto 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulates gene transcription through the heterodimeric nuclear receptor composed of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle (USP). The EcR gene encodes three protein isoforms—A, B1, and B2—with variant N-terminal domains that mediate tissue and developmental stage-specific responses to 20E. Ariadne-1a is a conserved member of the RING finger family of ubiquitin ligases first identified in Drosophila melanogaster. Loss-of-function mutations at key cysteines in either of the two RING finger motifs, as well as general overexpression of this enzyme, cause lethality in pupae, which suggests a requirement in metamorphosis. Here, we show that Ariadne-1a binds specifically the isoform A of EcR and ubiquitylates it. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that the full sequence of EcRA is required for this binding. Protein levels of EcRA and USP change in opposite directions when those of ARI-1a are genetically altered. This is an isoform-specific, E3-dependent regulatory mechanism for a steroid nuclear receptor. Further, qRT-PCR experiments show that the ARI-1a levels lead to the transcriptional regulation of Eip78C, Eip74EF, Eip75B, and Br-C, as well as that of EcR and usp genes. Thus, the activity of this enzyme results in the regulation of dimerizing receptors at the protein and gene transcription levels. This fine-tuned orchestration by a conserved ubiquitin ligase is required during insect metamorphosis and, likely, in other steroid hormone-controlled processes across species.
Nonclassical Regulation of Transcription: Interchromosomal Interactions at the Malic enzyme Locus of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lum Thomas E , Merritt Thomas J S 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Regulation of transcription can be a complex process in which many cis- and trans-interactions determine the final pattern of expression. Among these interactions are trans-interactions mediated by the pairing of homologous chromosomes. These trans-effects are wide ranging, affecting gene regulation in many species and creating complex possibilities in gene regulation. Here we describe a novel case of trans-interaction between alleles of the Malic enzyme (Men) locus in Drosophila melanogaster that results in allele-specific, non-additive gene expression. Using both empirical biochemical and predictive bioinformatic approaches, we show that the regulatory elements of one allele are capable of interacting in trans with, and modifying the expression of, the second allele. Furthermore, we show that nonlocal factors—different genetic backgrounds—are capable of significant interactions with individual Men alleles, suggesting that these trans-effects can be modified by both locally and distantly acting elements. In sum, these results emphasize the complexity of gene regulation and the need to understand both small- and large-scale interactions as more complete models of the role of trans-interactions in gene regulation are developed.
C-Peptide Response and HLA Genotypes in Subjects With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes After Immunotherapy With DiaPep277
Authors: Buzzetti Raffaella , Cernea Simona , Petrone Antonio , Capizzi Marco , Spoletini Marialuisa , Zampetti Simona , Guglielmi Chiara , Venditti Chiara , Pozzilli Paolo ,   on behalf of the DiaPep Trialists Group
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether lower risk HLA class II genotypes would influence the efficacy of DiaPep277 therapy in protecting β-cell function evaluated by C-peptide secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetic subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were collected from type 1 diabetic subjects enrolled in multicenter phase II studies with a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled design in whom fasting and stimulated C-peptide levels were measured. HLA genotypes were classified in high, moderate, and low risk categories.

RESULTS
A total of 146 subjects (aged 4.3 to 58.5 years) were enrolled, including 76 children (&lt;18 years old) and 70 adults. At baseline, there was a significant increase in fasting, maximal, and area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide from high to moderate and low risk HLA genotypes in adults (P for trend &lt;0.04) but not in children. Children showed a decrease of the three parameters over time regardless of therapy and HLA genotype. DiaPep277-treated adults with low risk genotype had significantly higher maximal and AUC C-peptide versus placebo at 12 months (0.04 ± 0.07 vs. −0.28 ± 0.09 nmol/L, P &lt; 0.01, and 0.53 ± 1.3 vs. −4.59 ± 1.5 nmol/L, P &lt; 0.05, respectively). In the moderate risk genotype group, Δmaximal and AUC C-peptide values were significantly higher in DiaPep277-treated versus placebo-treated patients (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
This exploratory study demonstrates that type 1 diabetic adults with low and moderate risk HLA genotypes benefit the most from intervention with DiaPep277; the only subgroup with an increase of C-peptide at 12 months after diagnosis was the low risk DiaPep277-treated subgroup.
“Serum and follicular LH, pregnancy prediction and assisted reproduction”
Authors: Severinski Neda , Milaković Tamara , Mamula Ozren , Krpina Milena 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the mean serum and follicular fluid LH and estradiol values in patients treated by IVF/ET (ICSI) after completed ovarian stimulation and to determine the range of values for these hormones with higher chances of conceiving pregnancies. All patients underwent stimulation in long agonistic protocol. Collected samples of body fluids (serum n = 31, follicular fluid n = 93) were centrifuged and supernatant was separated, aliquoted, frozen and stored at − 20°C. LH and E2 were measured in serum and follicular fluids. Cutoff value of E2 determined using follicular LH and follicular E2 correlation was 2100 nmol/L. If the E2 value was lower than 2100 nmol/L the ratio of results related to pregnancy was 29,4% (15/51). If the follicular E2 values were higher than 2100 nmol/L the ratio of results related to pregnancy was (7,1%, 3/42). The observed differences were significant (p 0.03). Follicular LH values higher than 3.1 IU/L and follicular E2 values < than 2100 nmol/L indicate higher conceiving probability. Our results can be fit in previous findings on negative effects of low LH values in IVF treatment procedures.
Complete remission of primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma achieved by Rituximab-CHOP chemotherapy
Authors: Yang Yin-long , Ye Ting-ting , Wang Zhu-yin , Gao Er-li , Wang Lei-ping , Li Peng , Chen Xue-min , Zhang Xiao-hua 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPrimary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is an exceedingly rare disease. Because of its rareness, uncertain etiology, variable duration of survival, unremarkable clinical presentations and unsatisfied therapeutic strategies, its treatment has always been unsatisfactory. Here we report a 50-year-old male patient with primary bilateral adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. He was treated with surgery followed by combined chemotherapy using R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone). He achieved complete remission after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. At present, he is considered free of tumor at 3 years after chemotherapy. Our case report demonstrates that patients with primary bilateral adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma may achieve a good outcome using R-CHOP chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, our patient who achieved complete remission after R-CHOP chemotherapy has had the longest survival as published in the literature.
Endoparasite community of Rattus norvegicus captured in a shantytown of Buenos Aires City, Argentina
Authors: Hancke D. , Navone G. , Suarez O. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) as a potential reservoir of zoonotic parasites in an urban area of Argentina. A parasitological survey in 40 brown rats trapped in a shantytown of Buenos Aires City was carried out. 97.5 % of the analyzed rats were parasitized with at least one of the 12 species of helminth or protozoan species recorded. Among the species identified, Hymenolepis nana is recognized as one of the most common human helminthes parasites. The average number of parasite species was higher in males than females rats, and in the last case, a direct relationship between parasite species richness and host’s body size was recorded. Variations in endoparasite community throughout the year seasons were recorded, probably related to environmental factors, which limits the performance of the life cycle of different parasite species. The presence of zoonotic endoparasites confirms R. norvegicus as a reservoir for different types of pathologies, which, therefore, represents a risk to the public health in an overcrowded urban area.
Carnap 1922 – Du Chaos au Corps
Authors: Andrieu Bernard 
Published: September 2011

Dans le texte de 1922 « Vom Chaos zur Wirklichkeit » («Du Chaos à la Réalité », 1922, 14 pp.), pour Carnap, la description du Chaos est inaccessible. Le chaos est « le point de départ irrationnel de notre théorie » (p. 1 du tapuscrit). La réalité est toujours déjà une construction logique. Pour autant postuler un chaos, comme degré zéro de la réalité, favorise le projet d’une description de l’étayage logique à partir du rien. La grammaire de la réalité est le postulat de la description logique évitant ainsi tout recours à un fondement métaphysique. Notre article montre comment en partant du chaos, Carnap fonde peu à peu la constitution du corps.
The Dislocator, Early and Late: The 3
am
Phone Call
Authors: Brooks Peter J. 
Published: September 2011

Hip dislocation is one of the most common causes of patient and surgeon dissatisfaction following hip replacement. To correctly treat dislocation, the causes must first be understood. Patient factors include age older than 70 years, medical comorbidities, female sex, musculoligamentous laxity, revision surgery, issues with the abductors and trochanter, and lack of education. Issues related to the surgeon and technique are surgical volume and experience, surgical approach and repair, adequate restoration of femoral offset and leg length, correct component position, and avoidance of soft tissue or bony impingement.
Chief among implant-related factors is the design of the head and neck region. Is the femoral head diameter sufficient, and, in concert with the prosthetic neck, is there an adequate head–neck ratio? Skirts on longer neck lengths greatly reduce the head–neck ratio and should be avoided if possible. There must be available offset choices to restore soft tissue tension. Lipped liners aid in gaining stability, yet may result in impingement and dislocation if improperly placed. Late dislocation may result from polyethylene wear, soft tissue destruction, trochanteric or abductor disruption and weakness, or infection.
Understanding the causes of hip dislocation allow prevention in a majority of instances. Proper preoperative planning includes the identification of high-offset patients in whom inadequate restoration of offset will reduce soft tissue tension and abductor efficiency. Component position must be accurate to achieve stability without impingement. Finally, patient education cannot be overemphasized, as most dislocations occur early and are preventable with proper instructions.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Changes After Ahmed
™
Valve and Molteno
™
Glaucoma Implants
Authors: Nassiri Nariman , Nassiri Nader , Majdi-N Mercede , Salehi Mohammad , Panahi Nekoo , Djalilian Ali R. , Peyman Gholam A. 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Changes in corneal endothelial cell (CEC) indices 24 months after Ahmed valve (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) and single-plate Molteno implants (Molteno Ophthalmic Limited, Dunedin, New Zealand) were evaluated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This cohort included Ahmed valve (29 eyes) or single-plate Molteno (28 eyes) implants. Preoperative and postoperative central CEC indices were compared. Main outcome measure was endothelial cell count.

RESULTS:

Twenty-four months postoperatively, no difference in visual acuity improvement or decrease in antiglaucoma medications was observed between groups. The Molteno group showed better postoperative intraocular pressure control (
P
< .001). An 11.52% (Ahmed) and 12.37% (Molteno) reduction in CEC density (cells/mm
2
) and 3.78 (Ahmed) and 2.48 (Molteno) increase in CEC area (mm
2
) was observed, but no significant between-group difference in CEC density and area or corneal thickness.

CONCLUSION:
Twenty-four months after Ahmed valve or Molteno implant, statistically significant quantitative (cell density) and minor qualitative (cell area) changes in central CEC were observed. Both groups appeared to have similar CEC damage.
Between-Grader Repeatability of Tear Meniscus Measurements Using Fourier-Domain OCT in Patients With Dry Eye
Authors: Tittler Ethan H. , Bujak Matthew C. , Nguyen Pho , Zhang Xinbo , Li Yan , Yiu Samuel C. , Huang David 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To examine the between-grader repeatability of height, depth, and cross-sectional area measurements of the lower tear meniscus, using a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A total of 16 patients with dry eye had the lower tear meniscus of the right eye imaged twice in rapid succession. The tear meniscus height, depth, and cross-sectional area were measured by two masked graders using computer calipers. The between-grader variability, calculated using the pooled coefficient of variation (CV%), assessed the repeatability of the measurements.

RESULTS:
The between-grader CV% was 12.1%, 15.7%, and 19.5% for height, depth, and area, respectively. The between-image variability was 17.1%, 13.4%, and 35.4% for height, depth, and area, respectively. The overall intraclass correlation was 99%. There was no systematic bias between the two graders.

CONCLUSION:
Fourier-domain OCT demonstrates good between-grader and between-image repeatability in measuring the height, depth, and cross-sectional area of the tear meniscus in patients with dry eye. Measurement variability was primarily due to the difference between images rather than graders.
Development of a Website and Biobank Database for the Nanosized Cancer Polymarker Biochip Project: A Multicenter Italian Experience
Authors: Leon Antonette E. , Fabricio Aline S.C. , Benvegnù Fabio , Michilin Silvia , Secco Annamaria , Spangaro Omar , Meo Sabrina , Gion Massimo 
Published: September 2011

The Nanosized Cancer Polymarker Biochip Project (RBLA03S4SP) funded by an Italian MIUR-FIRB grant (Italian Ministry of University and Research - Investment Funds for Basic Research) has led to the creation of a free-access dynamic website, available at the web address https://serviziweb.ulss12.ve.it/firbabo , and of a centralized database with password-restricted access. The project network is composed of 9 research units (RUs) and has been active since 2005. The aim of the FIRB project was the design, production and validation of optoelectronic and chemoelectronic biosensors for the simultaneous detection of a novel class of cancer biomarkers associated with immunoglobulins of the M class (IgM) for early diagnosis of cancer. Biomarker immune complexes (BM-ICs) were assessed on samples of clinical cases and matched controls for breast, colorectal, liver, ovarian and prostate malignancies. This article describes in detail the architecture of the project website, the central database application, and the biobank developed for the FIRB Nanosized Cancer Polymarker Biochip Project. The article also illustrates many unique aspects that should be considered when developing a database within a multidisciplinary scenario. The main deliverables of the project were numerous, including the development of an online database which archived 1400 case report forms (700 cases and 700 matched controls) and more than 2700 experimental results relative to the BM-ICs assayed. The database also allowed for the traceability and retrieval of 21,000 aliquots archived in the centralized bank and stored as backup in the RUs, and for the development of a centralized biological bank in the coordinating unit with 6300 aliquots of serum. The constitution of the website and biobank database enabled optimal coordination of the RUs involved, highlighting the importance of sharing samples and scientific data in a multicenter setting for the achievement of the project goals.