bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disappointments and New Directions: Women, Partisanship, and the Regime in Yemen
Authors: Yadav Stacey Philbrick , Clark Janine A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractYoung women activists in Yemen today often express a profound disappointment over the process of partisan competition, even as they continue to show a commitment to public service and civic engagement. This undoubtedly stems from nearly two decades of slowly receding rights, as the logic of multiparty competition has led political parties across the political spectrum to articulate an increasingly narrow set of views regarding the public roles of women and to allocate fewer resources to support their female members. This essay details the trajectory of these disappointments and shows how the interrelated processes of encroaching authoritarianism and cross-ideological opposition have come to position women as the objects of partisan debate, while simultaneously limiting their opportunities to directly shape Yemeni politics through partisan institutions. In response to a system that has valued their votes more than their voices, women have increasingly invested their energies in the associational sector, a choice that runs the risk of exacerbating some of the limits that they encounter under prevailing political conditions.
Empowerment in supported employment research and practice: Is it relevant?
Authors: Bejerholm Ulrika , Björkman Tommy 
Published: July 2010

Background: This cross-sectional study is aimed at describing and investigating empowerment and its relationships with level of engagement in daily activities and community life, experienced stigma, psychopathology, and quality of life among people with mental illness entering supported employment. Method: The following scales were administered to 120 persons: Empowerment Scale, Profiles of Occupational Engagement Scale, Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life Scale, Rejection Experience Scale and Brief Psychiatric and Rating Scale. Results: Higher scores of empowerment were associated with fewer symptoms and experienced stigma, a higher level of engagement in daily activities and community life, better quality of life and having work rehabilitation. Self-efficacy and self-esteem were in particular significantly correlated to depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics enveloped the group of participants that said ‘Yes I want to work’ with a somewhat high mean score for empowerment, level of engagement and quality of life, but a low mean score with regard to both symptoms and experienced stigma. Conclusions: This study advocates the importance of evaluating empowerment in supported employment research and practice. The findings suggest the importance of taking into account not only monetary aspects of having a job but also social and psychological aspects such as empowerment, reduction in experienced stigma and community integration.
Effectiveness of manual therapy for chronic tension-type headache: A pragmatic, randomised, clinical trial
Authors: Castien René F , van der Windt Daniëlle AWM , Grooten Anneke , Dekker Joost 
Published: July 2010

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of manual therapy (MT) in participants with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Subjects and Methods: We conducted a multicentre, pragmatic, randomised, clinical trial with partly blinded outcome assessment. Eighty-two participants with CTTH were randomly assigned to MT or to usual care by the general practitioner (GP). Primary outcome measures were frequency of headache and use of medication. Secondary outcome measures were severity of headache, disability and cervical function. Results: After 8 weeks ( n = 80) and 26 weeks ( n = 75), a significantly larger reduction of headache frequency was found for the MT group (mean difference at 8 weeks, −6.4 days; 95% CI −8.3 to −4.5; effect size, 1.6). Disability and cervical function showed significant differences in favour of the MT group at 8 weeks but were not significantly different at 26 weeks. Conclusions: Manual therapy is more effective than usual GP care in the short- and longer term in reducing symptoms of CTTH. Dutch Trial Registration no. TR 1074.
Comparison between Platelet-Rich Plasma and Autologous Iliac Grafts for Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: D’Elia Caio Oliveira , de Rezende Márcia Uchôa , Bitar Alexandre Carneiro , Tatsui Nelson , Pécora José Ricardo , Hernandez Arnaldo José , Camanho Gilberto Luis 
Published: July 2010

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has the capacity to improve the bone-healing process. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the occurrence of bone healing and the time taken to achieve this in patients submitted to medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO), comparing platelet-rich plasma with bone marrow aspirate to autologous iliac graft. Design: Twenty-five patients who underwent tibial osteotomy were randomly divided into 2 groups: a control group, which received autologous iliac grafts (14 patients), and a study group, which received a compound of PRP and bone marrow aspirate (11 patients). Results: The bone-healing rates achieved were 100% in the control group and 91% in the study group. There was no difference in the time taken to achieve bone healing between the groups. Conclusions: The use of a combination of PRP and bone marrow aspirate, as a bone substitute, did not demonstrate any advantage over the use of an autologous iliac graft in MOWHTO.
Atomic-scale models of dislocation cores in minerals: progress and prospects
Authors: Walker A. M. , Carrez P. , Cordier P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent advances in computer simulation at the atomic scale have made it possible to probe the structure and behaviour of the cores of dislocations in minerals. Such simulation offers the possibility to understand and predict the dislocation-mediated properties of minerals such as mechanisms of plastic deformation, pipe diffusion and crystal growth. In this review the three major methods available for the simulation of dislocation cores are described and compared. The methods are: (1) cluster-based models which combine continuum elastic theory of the extended crystal with an atomistic model of the core; (2) dipole models which seek to cancel the long-range elastic displacement caused by the dislocation by arranging for the simulation to contain several dislocations with zero net Burgers vector, thus allowing a fully periodic super-cell calculation; and (3) the Peierls-Nabarro approach which attempts to recast the problem so that it can be solved using only continuum-based methods, but parameterizes the model using results from atomic-scale calculations. The strengths of these methods are compared and illustrated by some of the recent studies of dislocations in mantle silicate minerals. Some of the unresolved problems in the field are discussed.
Evolution of nepheline from mafic to highly differentiated members of the alkaline series: the Messum complex, Namibia
Authors: Blancher S. B. , D'Arco P. , Fonteilles M. , Pascal M.-L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe change in chemical composition trend of magmatic nepheline through magma evolution has been characterized from the alkaline series of the Messum complex in which nepheline occurs in a succession of different mineral parageneses from mafic-rich (theralites) to strongly evolved felsic-rich rock types (nepheline syenites). The nepheline compositions are dependent on those of coexisting feldspar(s). They record an evolution parallel to that of the melt schematized according to experimental phase diagrams, from initially Ca-rich compositions in equilibrium with calcic plagioclase towards increasingly Ca-poor, Na-rich and Si-rich compositions. The K contents show a maximum that corresponds to the appearance of alkali feldspar in the parageneses. This evolution is qualitatively preserved in spite of the low-T Na/K re-equilibration typical of plutonic nephelines. Although a slight increase in the silica content of nepheline is consistent with the experimentally defined magmatic trend, several high-silica nephelines from the Messum rocks as well as from other reported occurrences, cannot be reconciled with the experimental data. The nepheline solid-solution model available suggests that such ‘abnormal’ compositions might be related to different crystallization mechanisms between natural nephelines and some synthetic analogues.
Feldspars defined and described: a pair of posters published by the Mineralogical Society. Sources and supporting information
Authors: Parsons I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland has published two full-colour posters describing the feldspar minerals, designed primarily for student use. They may be downloaded free of charge by all fromhttp://www.minersoc.org/pages/education/edu.htmland are designed to be printed at A3 size, although they are legible at A4 and in greyscale. Sheet 1 deals with nomenclature, crystal structure and phase relationships, while Sheet 2 covers phase behaviour. For brevity no sources are given on the posters, and these are provided in the present article, together with supporting notes and suggested reading on the more complex topics.
The prognostic significance of IDH1 mutations in younger adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia is dependent on FLT3/ITD status
Authors: Green Claire L. , Evans Catherine M. , Hills Robert K. , Burnett Alan K. , Linch David C. , Gale Rosemary E. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH1) were recently described in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To investigate their prognostic significance we determined IDH1 status in 1333 young adult patients, excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia, treated in the United Kingdom MRC AML10 and 12 trials. A mutation was detected in 107 patients (8%). Most IDH1+ patients (91%) had intermediate-risk cytogenetics. Mutations correlated significantly with an NPM1 mutation (P < .0001) but not a FLT3/ITD (P = .9). No difference in outcome between IDH1+ and IDH1− patients was found in univariate or multivariate analysis, or if the results were stratified by NPM1 mutation status. However, when stratified by FLT3/ITD status, an IDH1 mutation was an independent adverse factor for relapse in FLT3/ITD− patients (P = .008) and a favorable factor in FLT3/ITD+ patients (P = .02). These results suggest that metabolic changes induced by an IDH1 mutation may influence chemoresistance in a manner that is context-dependent.
Granulysin activates antigen-presenting cells through TLR4 and acts as an immune alarmin
Authors: Tewary Poonam , Yang De , de la Rosa Gonzalo , Li Yana , Finn Michael W. , Krensky Alan M. , Clayberger Carol , Oppenheim Joost J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGranulysin (GNLY), an antimicrobial protein present in the granules of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, is produced as an intact 15-kDa form that is cleaved to yield a 9-kDa form. Alarmins are endogenous mediators that can induce recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and consequently promote the generation of immune response. We hypothesized that GNLY might function as an alarmin. Here, we report that both 9- and 15-kDa forms of recombinant GNLY-induced in vitro chemotaxis and activation of both human and mouse dendritic cells (DCs), recruited inflammatory leucocytes, including APCs in mice, and promoted antigen-specific immune responses upon coadministration with an antigen. GNLY-induced APC recruitment and activation required the presence of Toll-like receptor 4. The observed activity of recombinant GNLY was not due to endotoxin contamination. The capability of the supernatant of GNLY-expressing HuT78 cells to activate DC was blocked by anti-GNLY antibodies. Finally we present evidence that supernatants of degranulated human NK92 or primary NK cells also activated DCs in a GNLY- and Toll-like receptor 4–dependent manner, indicating the physiologic relevance of our findings. Thus, GNLY is the first identified lymphocyte-derived alarmin capable of promoting APC recruitment, activation, and antigen-specific immune response.
Pannexin-1 hemichannel–mediated ATP release together with P2X1 and P2X4 receptors regulate T-cell activation at the immune synapse
Authors: Woehrle Tobias , Yip Linda , Elkhal Abdallah , Sumi Yuka , Chen Yu , Yao Yongli , Insel Paul A. , Junger Wolfgang G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Engagement of T cells with antigen-presenting cells requires T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation at the immune synapse. We previously reported that TCR stimulation induces the release of cellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) that regulates T-cell activation. Here we tested the roles of pannexin-1 hemichannels, which have been implicated in ATP release, and of various P2X receptors, which serve as ATP-gated Ca2+ channels, in events that control T-cell activation. TCR stimulation results in the translocation of P2X1 and P2X4 receptors and pannexin-1 hemichannels to the immune synapse, while P2X7 receptors remain uniformly distributed on the cell surface. Removal of extracellular ATP or inhibition, mutation, or silencing of P2X1 and P2X4 receptors inhibits Ca2+ entry, nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT) activation, and induction of interleukin-2 synthesis. Inhibition of pannexin-1 hemichannels suppresses TCR-induced ATP release, Ca2+ entry, and T-cell activation. We conclude that pannexin-1 hemichannels and P2X1 and P2X4 receptors facilitate ATP release and autocrine feedback mechanisms that control Ca2+ entry and T-cell activa-tion at the immune synapse.
The oligodeoxynucleotide sequences corresponding to never-expressed peptide motifs are mainly located in the non-coding strand
Authors: Capone Giovanni , Novello Giuseppe , Fasano Candida , Trost Brett , Bickis Mik , Kusalik Anthony , Kanduc Darja 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
We study the usage of specific peptide platforms in protein composition. Using the pentapeptide as a unit of length, we find that in the universal proteome many pentapeptides are heavily repeated (even thousands of times), whereas some are quite rare, and a small number do not appear at all. To understand the physico-chemical-biological basis underlying peptide usage at the proteomic level, in this study we analyse the energetic costs for the synthesis of rare and never-expressed versus frequent pentapeptides. In addition, we explore residue bulkiness, hydrophobicity, and codon number as factors able to modulate specific peptide frequencies. Then, the possible influence of amino acid composition is investigated in zero- and high-frequency pentapeptide sets by analysing the frequencies of the corresponding inverse-sequence pentapeptides. As a final step, we analyse the pentadecamer oligodeoxynucleotide sequences corresponding to the never-expressed pentapeptides.

Results
We find that only DNA context-dependent constraints (such as oligodeoxynucleotide sequence location in the minus strand, introns, pseudogenes, frameshifts, etc.) provide a coherent mechanistic platform to explain the occurrence of never-expressed versus frequent pentapeptides in the protein world.

Conclusions
This study is of importance in cell biology. Indeed, the rarity (or lack of expression) of specific 5-mer peptide modules implies the rarity (or lack of expression) of the corresponding n-mer peptide sequences (with n > 5), so possibly modulating protein compositional trends. Moreover the data might further our understanding of the role exerted by rare pentapeptide modules as critical biological effectors in protein-protein interactions.
Compartmentalization of the Edinburgh Human Metabolic Network
Authors: Hao Tong , Ma Hong-Wu , Zhao Xue-Ming , Goryanin Igor 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Direct in vivo investigation of human metabolism is complicated by the distinct metabolic functions of various sub-cellular organelles. Diverse micro-environments in different organelles may lead to distinct functions of the same protein and the use of different enzymes for the same metabolic reaction. To better understand the complexity in the human metabolism, a compartmentalized human metabolic network with integrated sub-cellular location information is required.

Results
We extended the previously reconstructed Edinburgh Human Metabolic Network (EHMN) [Ma, et al. Molecular Systems Biology, 3:135, 2007] by integrating the sub-cellular location information for the reactions, adding transport reactions and refining the protein-reaction relationships based on the location information. Firstly, protein location information was obtained from Gene Ontology and complemented by a Swiss-Prot location keywords search. Then all the reactions in EHMN were assigned to a location based on the protein-reaction relationships to get a preliminary compartmentalized network. We investigated the localized sub-networks in each pathway to identify gaps and isolated reactions by connectivity analysis and refined the location information based on information from literature. As a result, location information for hundreds of reactions was revised and hundreds of incorrect protein-reaction relationships were corrected. Over 1400 transport reactions were added to link the location specific metabolic network. To validate the network, we have done pathway analysis to examine the capability of the network to synthesize or degrade certain key metabolites. Compared with a previously published human metabolic network (Human Recon 1), our network contains over 1000 more reactions assigned to clear cellular compartments.

Conclusions
By combining protein location information, network connectivity analysis and manual literature search, we have reconstructed a more complete compartmentalized human metabolic network. The whole network is available at http://www.ehmn.bioinformatics.ed.ac.uk and free for academic use.
Mobile genetic element proliferation and gene inactivation impact over the genome structure and metabolic capabilities of Sodalis glossinidius, the secondary endosymbiont of tsetse flies
Authors: Belda Eugeni , Moya Andrés , Bentley Stephen , Silva Francisco J 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Genome reduction is a common evolutionary process in symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria. This process has been extensively characterized in bacterial endosymbionts of insects, where primary mutualistic bacteria represent the most extreme cases of genome reduction consequence of a massive process of gene inactivation and loss during their evolution from free-living ancestors. Sodalis glossinidius, the secondary endosymbiont of tsetse flies, contains one of the few complete genomes of bacteria at the very beginning of the symbiotic association, allowing to evaluate the relative impact of mobile genetic element proliferation and gene inactivation over the structure and functional capabilities of this bacterial endosymbiont during the transition to a host dependent lifestyle.

Results
A detailed characterization of mobile genetic elements and pseudogenes reveals a massive presence of different types of prophage elements together with five different families of IS elements that have proliferated across the genome of Sodalis glossinidius at different levels. In addition, a detailed survey of intergenic regions allowed the characterization of 1501 pseudogenes, a much higher number than the 972 pseudogenes described in the original annotation. Pseudogene structure reveals a minor impact of mobile genetic element proliferation in the process of gene inactivation, with most of pseudogenes originated by multiple frameshift mutations and premature stop codons. The comparison of metabolic profiles of Sodalis glossinidius and tsetse fly primary endosymbiont Wiglesworthia glossinidia based on their whole gene and pseudogene repertoires revealed a novel case of pathway inactivation, the arginine biosynthesis, in Sodalis glossinidius together with a possible case of metabolic complementation with Wigglesworthia glossinidia for thiamine biosynthesis.

Conclusions
The complete re-analysis of the genome sequence of Sodalis glossinidius reveals novel insights in the evolutionary transition from a free-living ancestor to a host-dependent lifestyle, with a massive proliferation of mobile genetic elements mainly of phage origin although with minor impact in the process of gene inactivation that is taking place in this bacterial genome. The metabolic analysis of the whole endosymbiotic consortia of tsetse flies have revealed a possible phenomenon of metabolic complementation between primary and secondary endosymbionts that can contribute to explain the co-existence of both bacterial endosymbionts in the context of the tsetse host.
Cell type-specific anti-cancer properties of valproic acid: independent effects on HDAC activity and Erk1/2 phosphorylation
Authors: Gotfryd Kamil , Skladchikova Galina , Lepekhin Eugene A , Berezin Vladimir , Bock Elisabeth , Walmod Peter S 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe anti-epileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) has attracted attention as an anti-cancer agent.MethodsThe present study investigated effects of VPA exposure on histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, cell growth, cell speed, and the degree of Erk1/2 phosphorylation in 10 cell lines (BT4C, BT4Cn, U87MG, N2a, PC12-E2, CSML0, CSML100, HeLa, L929, Swiss 3T3).ResultsVPA induced significant histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in most of the cell lines, but the degree of inhibition was highly cell type-specific. Moreover, cell growth, motility and the degree of Erk1/2 phosphorylation were inhibited, activated, or unaffected by VPA in a cell type-specific manner. Importantly, no relationship was found between the effects of VPA on HDAC inhibition and changes in the degree of Erk1/2 phosphorylation, cell growth, or motility. In contrast, VPA-induced modulation of the MAPK pathway downstream of Ras but upstream of MEK (i.e., at the level of Raf) was important for changes in cell speed.ConclusionsThese results suggest that VPA can modulate the degree of Erk1/2 phosphorylation in a manner unrelated to HDAC inhibition and emphasize that changes in the degree of Erk1/2 phosphorylation are also important for the anti-cancer properties of VPA.