bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic DNA Knots and Catenanes
Authors: SEEMAN N. C. , CHEN J. , DU S. M. , MUELLER J. E. , ZHANG Y. , FU T.‐J. , WANG Y. , WANG H. , ZHANG S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyridines Through Nucleophilic Substitution of Tetrachloro‐3‐cyanopyridine.
Authors: CHAPYSHEV S. V. , IBATA T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of 1‐Bromoadamantane with Styrenes and Arenes.
Authors: BRAESE S. , WAEGELL B. , DE MEIJERE A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Studies of Silicon Oxynitride Ceramics.
Authors: MANESSIS D. , DU H. , LARKER R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetric α‐(2‐Arylcarbonyl‐1‐phenylhydrazino)diorganyl Selenides and Sulfides via Benzotriazole Intermediates Promoted by SmI2.
Authors: Lu Genliang , Zhang Yongmin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Synthesis of 2‐Phenylsulfonyl‐3‐styrylquinoxalines.
Authors: Krishnan V. S. H. , Chowdary K. S. , Dubey P. K. , Vijaya S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Chitosan.
Authors: Jia Zhishen , Shen Dongfeng , Xu Weiliang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Poly(arylene thioether)s containing 9,9′‐spirobifluorene moieties in the main chain: Masked dithiol‐based synthesis and excellent optical properties
Authors: Okuda Hitoshi , Seto Ryota , Koyama Yasuhito , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPoly(arylene thioether)s (PTEs) containing 9,9′‐spirobifluorene moieties were synthesized in high yields from 9,9′‐spirobifluorene‐2,2′‐bis(N,N‐dimethylcarbamothioate) 4 as the masked dithiol and various difluoroarenes as electrophilic monomers. All PTEs showed high thermal stability: The 10% weight loss temperature as evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis was over 470 °C under both nitrogen and air atmospheres. The glass transition temperature estimated by DSC was in the range 210–270 °C. The PTEs showed high solubility in ordinary organic solvents, such as CHCl3, NMP, and THF. Most PTEs exhibited remarkably high refractive indices ranging from 1.69 to 1.73 at 587.6 nm, whereas no or little birefringence was observed for the PTEs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4192–4199, 2010
Förster resonance energy transfer measurements of cofactor‐dependent effects on protein arginine N‐methyltransferase homodimerization
Authors: Thomas Dylan , Lakowski Ted M. , Pak Magnolia L. , Kim Jenny J. , Frankel Adam 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProtein arginine N‐methyltransferase (PRMT) dimerization is required for methyl group transfer from the cofactor S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (AdoMet) to arginine residues in protein substrates, forming S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (AdoHcy) and methylarginine residues. In this study, we use Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to determine dissociation constant (KD) values for dimerization of PRMT1 and PRMT6. By attaching monomeric Cerulean and Citrine fluorescent proteins to their N‐termini, fluorescent PRMTs are formed that exhibit similar enzyme kinetics to unconjugated PRMTs. These fluorescent proteins are used in FRET‐based binding studies in a multi‐well format. In the presence of AdoMet, fluorescent PRMT1 and PRMT6 exhibit 4‐ and 6‐fold lower dimerization KD values, respectively, than in the presence of AdoHcy, suggesting that AdoMet promotes PRMT homodimerization in contrast to AdoHcy. We also find that the dimerization KD values for PRMT1 in the presence of AdoMet or AdoHcy are, respectively, 6‐ and 10‐fold lower than the corresponding values for PRMT6. Considering that the affinity of PRMT6 for AdoHcy is 10‐fold higher than for AdoMet, PRMT6 function may be subject to cofactor‐dependent regulation in cells where the methylation potential (i.e., ratio of AdoMet to AdoHcy) is low. Since PRMT1 affinity for AdoMet and AdoHcy is similar, however, a low methylation potential may not affect PRMT1 function.
Chemical composition and energy value of the body, fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, and liver and kidney size in the horse
Authors: Robb J. , Harper R. B. , Hintz H. F. , Reid J. T. , Lowe J. E. , Schryver H. F. , Rhee M. S. S. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYA study was made of the chemical composition and energy value of the whole, empty body, and of the relative size of certain organs in 11 ponies ranging in full-body weight from 81 to 259 kg. The fatty acid composition of various adipose tissues was examined in three ponies.Ingesta-free body weight (Y) was found to be highly predictively related (r2= 0·) to the full-body weight (X) in accordance with the equation,Y= 0·9678X–10·41. The gastrointestinal contents constituted 9·65 ± 3·44% of the full-body weight.Despite the heterogeneous nature of the population examined and the small range in body fatness (6·6% to 18·9% of ether-extractable lipids in the empty body), 93·3 % of the variation in the concentration of body fat was associated with the variation in the concentration of water. The mean fat-free, empty body contained 70·7 % of water, 22·6 % of protein and 6·0 % of ash. Of the variation in the weights of water, fat, protein, ash and energy, 97·0%, 64·5%, 91·0%, 85·2% and 87·0%, respectively, were ascribable to the variation in empty-body weight.For the conglomerate body, the calorific values of protein and fat were 5·381 and 9·311 kcal/g, respectively.The ranges for the mean percentage contents of major individual acids in the fatty acids of five adipose tissues were: oleic, 29·5–33·3; palmitic, 26·1–28·0; linoleic, 17·1–24·0; palmitoleic, 6·2–9·5; and linolenic, 3·8–10·2. In one animal the depot fats contained relatively high concentrations (8·6–12·0 %) of linolenic acid; the concentrations of palmitic and linoleic acids were correspondingly lower than those of the depot fats of the other horses.Tissue weights of various segments of the gastrointestinal tract were linear functions of body weight. About 87 % and 82 % of the variation in the weights of liver and kidneys respectively, was associated with the variation in full-body weight.
Determination of the optimum crude protein requirement of pigs in a tropical environment
Authors: Babatunde G. M. , Olomu M. J. , Oyenuga V. A. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYFeeding trials were carried out at different times of the year to determine the optimum crude protein requirements of weaner and growing pigs, using principally the locally available ingredients. The animals used were 96 weaners and 113 growing pigs of the Large White and Landrace breeds of average initial weights of about 9 kg and 41 kg respectively. Test diets contained protein levels ranging from 12% to 24% on a dry-matter basis, and the pigs were mostly group-fed ad libitum except for one trial. Average daily gains, efficiency of feed utilization, apparent nitrogen retention and digestibility, and feed cost per kg of body gain were measured. In a humid tropical environment, such as Ibadan, the optimum crude protein requirement for weaner pigs from 9 kg to 34 kg live weight is between 22 % and 24 % of dry matter, while that for the fattening pigs from 41 kg to 82 kg live weight is between 18% and 21% of dry matter.
A note on the effect of body condition on the voluntary intake of dried grass wafers by Scottish Blackface ewes
Authors: Foot Janet Z. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe fatness of 34 non-pregnant Scottish Blackface ewes was estimated subjectively by lumbar palpation. The sheep were separated into groups of ‘fat’ (more than 27 % body fat) and ‘thin’ animals (less than 20% body fat). The voluntary intake of dried grass by these sheep was measured over a 6-week period.The mean daily dry-matter intake by the thin sheep was 1·9 kg or 106 g/kg W0·73 and by the fat sheep was 1·4 kg or 68 g/kg W0·73.
Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 3. Threonine
Authors: Taylor A. J. , Cole D J. A. , Lewis D. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTEight dietary levels of threonine ranging from 4·8 to 6·6 g/kg air-dry diet were given to 64 growing female pigs from 25 to 55 kg live weight. Results for daily live-weight gain and food conversion ratio indicated a requirement value for dietary threonine of 5·6 g/kg. The pattern of response exhibited by blood urea suggested a requirement of 5·4 g/kg. No clear trends were found for carcass composition or plasma free amino acids
Reproductive performance, growth and carcass characteristics of gilts mated at puberty, restricted in food intake during gestation and slaughtered post-partum
Authors: Elliot J. I. , Lodge G. A. , Fortin A. , Larmond Elizabeth 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSeventy-four Yorkshire gilts, mated at puberty, were used in three experiments to study the effect of severe food restriction, 0·45 kg/day for either the last 15 or 30 days of gestation, on reproductive performance, body-weight change, and carcass quality and meat acceptability. The objective of the experiments was to assess the feasibility of limiting weight gain during gestation to produce an acceptable carcass post-partum, within the market weight range of 55 to 90 kg. Age and weight at puberty averaged 170·3 days and 99·1 kg respectively. Litter size averaged 9·3 liveborn piglets at an average weight of 1·13 kg. The necessary reduction in weight gain during gestation to bring final carcass weight within the acceptable range was associated with a significant reduction in mean individual birth weight to below 1·0 kg. Sensory evaluation of loin and ham joints from mated and unmated gilts of market weight revealed no differences in juiciness or flavour but both loin and ham joints from maiden gilts were significantly more tender than those from gilts that had farrowed and from unmated controls of the same age as those that had farrowed
Meat tenderness and palatability of Swamp buffalo and four breeds of cattle
Authors: Charles D. D. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSamples of cooked muscle of Swamp buffalo, Hereford, Angus, Friesian and Charolais cross steers were sheared and scored by a taste panel for tenderness, flavour, juiciness and palatability. The cattle were given commercial pellets from 9 months of age to slaughter at 12,15 and 18 months. The buffaloes were fed one of four regimens: all pellets, all hay, 3/4 pellets and 1/4 hay or 1/4 pellets and 3/4 hay from 13 to 22 months of age to slaughter at 20 to 34 months.There was little difference between the buffaloes and the cattle in shear-force or taste panel scores. Age at slaughter had no significant effect on the quality traits measured in either the buffaloes or the cattle. The feeding regime did not influence the tenderness, flavour or palatability of buffalo muscle but the high pellet diets increased juiciness.Shear-force was not influenced by rectal or muscle temperatures, muscle pH, carcass weight or fatness in the buffaloes but fatness reduced shear-force in cattle m. longissimus.Buffalo intramuscular fat increased with age and carcass fatness but had no effect on shear-force or taste panel score.
Amino acid nutrition of the lactating sow: the requirement for dietary lysine
Authors: Wilkinson R. , Cole D. J. A. , Lewis D. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe lysine requirement of the lactating sow was examined in two Latin-square experiments using multiparous sows, in mid lactation, each of which suckled a litter of 10 piglets. The lysine requirement was examined by the addition of supplementary synthetic lysine to a basal diet deficient in lysine, to give dietary lysine levels of 6·4 to 17·2g/kg dry matter. The adequacy of the lysine supply was judged by the responses of plasma lysine, plasma and urea-nitrogen, urinary urea-nitrogen and milk composition. Intersecting linear regression lines were fitted to the treatment means. The responses of urinary urea-nitrogen, in the two experiments, indicated that the lactating sow required approximately 48·5 g dietary lysine per day while the response of plasma lysine indicated a requirement of approximately 51 g lysine per day. Plasma urea and milk composition were less useful as indicators of the nutritional adequacy than were urinary urea-nitrogen and plasma lysine.
Comparison of boars and castrates for bacon production 2. Composition of muscle and subcutaneous fat, and changes in side weight during curing
Authors: Wood J. D. , Enser M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSixty-four commercial hybrid male pigs given different levels of feeding between 27 and 87 kg live weight were used to determine whether quality differences between boars and castrates, when used for bacon production, are true castration effects or due to the greater leanness of boars. At the same carcass composition as castrates, boars had: a higher proportion of water inm. longissimus; a higher proportion of water and lower proportion of lipid in both layers of backfat at last rib; and slightly lower curing gain as the result of a greater loss of tissue water during curing. A separate study on the composition of backfat in lighter weight pigs also revealed a higher proportion of water and lower proportion of lipid in boar backfat compared with that of castrates or gilts, and in both studies a higher proportion of fat-free dry matter in boar backfat indicated greater synthesis of connective tissue protein. Subjective assessment of backfat firmness and whiteness revealed no important castration effects that were independent of carcass composition. The leanest group of boars (average 12 mm P2) had the lowest score for firmness. Fatty acid composition of outer and inner backfat layers was determined more by the rate of fat deposition than by castration.
Comparison of boars and castrates for bacon production 3. Composition and eating quality of bacon
Authors: Mottram D. S. , Wood J. D. , Patterson R. L. S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSixty-four commercial hybrid male pigs, half of which were castrated at 10 days of age, were fed in four groups from 27 kg live weight to 87 kg on different feeding scales so as to produce carcasses of different fatness. After curing by the Wiltshire process, there was no difference in the water or curing salt levels in the lean bacon from the different groups, although the boar bacon had a higher water content in the adipose tissue. 5a-androst-16-en- 3-one was found in the boar fat (mean 0-89mg/kg) but levels were not related to carcass composition or growth rate. Taste panellists, all of whom were sensitive to boar taint, did not give the boar bacon lower scores for flavour or overall acceptability and found it more tender.
A note on the response to sequential implantation with zeranol
Authors: Lowman B. G. , Scott N. A. , Mackison S. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTwo farm trials were made to investigate the response to a second implant with the anabolic agent zeranol. Seventy cattle were implanted at the start of the growing period, at 10 to 12 months of age, the remaining 49 cattle being left as controls. Five months later, at the beginning of the fattening period, some cattle from each of the treatments during the growing period were implanted. The response to implantation in both periods was significant on both farms (P<0·05). During the fattening period there was no significant difference in the performance of cattle implanted only at the start of the growing period and that of the control animals, which suggested that the response to the earlier implant was permanent. Although differences in performance during fattening for cattle implanted twice, compared with that for cattle implanted for the first time at the start of fattening, were not statistically significant, on both farms performance was lower for the cattle implanted twice. These results suggest that the response to zeranol in the fattening period may be reduced by approximately 0·30 for cattle previously implanted. Over the combined growing and fattening period, cattle implanted twice showed a significant response in comparison with cattle given only one implant (P < 0·05).
A note on the growth and serum proteins of piglets deprived of creep food
Authors: Friend D. W. , Whittemore C. T. , Barber D. M. L. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThirty-four pairs of sucking piglets, derived from six sow pairs, within which piglets were cross-fostered shortly after birth, were allotted to either a creep-food treatment or a control (no creep food). Piglets were weaned at 6 weeks of age and all were given a grower diet to slaughter at 9 weeks of age. There were no differences in carcass composition determined on piglets killed at 6 and at 9 weeks. Creep-fed piglets were heavier than controls at 6 and 9 weeks of age, but not at 3 weeks. There were no distinct differences in any of the blood serum samples obtained at 1, 3, 5 and 6 weeks of age for protein and albumin analysis, and zinc sulphate turbidity assay. It was concluded that there was no positive immunological response to the early provision of supplementary nutrients, although there was a positive growth response to creep feeding between 3 weeks of age and weaning at 6 weeks.
A note on the use of sorghum as a substitute for maize in a diet for growing pigs
Authors: Serra Paula M. A. A. , Olivetra O. E. R. , Fernandes T. H. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAn experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of using sorghum as a substitute for maize on digestibility and nitrogen retention in the growing pig. Two levels of sorghum, 200 and 400 g/kg, substituting for maize on a weight basis, were used. The chemical composition of control and test diets was similar. In the metabolism trial, digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude fibre, nitrogen and gross energy were significantly lower for the animals given the higher level of sorghum. In the feeding trial, no significant differences were recorded between the three groups in relation to food conversion ratio, daily live-weight gain, killing-out proportion and carcass quality. It is concluded that yellow sorghum may replace up to 400 g of maize per kg in diets for growing pigs without having detrimental effects on animal performance.
The influence of isolation from females and mating frequency on the sexual behaviour and semen quality of young post-pubertal boars
Authors: Hemsworth P. H. , Winfield C. G. , Hansen C. , Makin A. W. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThree treatments were imposed on three groups of four boars from 26 to 40 weeks of age: a mating frequency of six copulations per week, housed near sexually receptive gilts (M + ♂); not mated, housed near sexually receptive gilts (NM + ♂); and not mated, isolated from female pigs (NM – ♂ ). The M + ♂ boars had similar semen characteristics from 49 to 57 weeks of age to the NM + ♂ and NM – ♂ boars. However, the M + ♂ boars achieved a significantly greater number of copulations (P < 0·05) and spent significantly longer ejaculating (P < 0·05) during the mating tests conducted from 49 to 57 weeks and from 66 to 70 weeks of age than the NM – ♂ boars. It is concluded that isolating young post-pubertal boars from female pigs will reduce their subsequent copulatory performance. Further, mating at a high frequency from 26 to 40 weeks of age does not appear to seriously affect subsequent semen quality.
A note on the effects of exogenous progesterone and oestrone during early gestation on farrowing performance in gilts
Authors: Knight J. W. , Dalton D. L. , Bryant K. L. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAdministration of exogenous progesterone (0-55 mg/kg live weight) and oestrone (0-275μg/kg live weight) during various discrete intervals between days 4 and 30 of gestation elicited variable results depending upon the time and duration of administration. Administration of the combined steroids early in gestation (days 4 to 20, trial 1; days 4 to 12, trial 2) tended to affect farrowing performance adversely. In general, advantageous effects on farrowing performance occurred when treatment with exogenous progesterone and oestrone was initiated at day 12 or later of gestation.
Turnips with chemically-treated straw for beef production 2. Effect of turnips on the degradability of straw in the rumen
Authors: Williams P. E. V. , Macdearmid A. , Innes G. M. , Brewer A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe nylon bag technique was used to determine the effects of offering to steers an allowance of turnips in a diet based on straw on the degradation of dry matter and acid-detergent fibre of the straw. Rumen-cannulated steers were offered basal diets of (a) sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-treated strawad libitum, (b) NaOH-treated straw plus turnips (50 g dry matter per kg W0·73) offered once daily or (c) turnipsad libitum. Samples of straw, treated with NaOH, anhydrous ammonia (NH3,) or untreated straw were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen along with each of the basal diets. Additionally molasses (66 g dry matter per kg W0·75) was infused into the rumen of the steers offered the NaOH-treated straw. Dry matter and fibre losses of straw from nylon bags were in the order NaOH-treated > NH3,-treated > untreated; there was no interaction (P> 0·05) between method of straw treatment and effect of basal diet on 40-h or 72-h dry matter or fibre degradability. Supplementation of the basal straw diet with either turnips or molasses depressed (P< 0·01) degradability of both dry matter and fibre of the incubated straw at 40 and 72 h, molasses infusion producing a greater depression (P< 0·05) than offering turnips. There was a fall in rumen fluid pH shortly after steers consumed their turnip allowance or molasses was infused into the rumen, minimum pH values were 6·09 ± 0·241 and 5·75 ± 0·205 respectively. The pH of rumen fluid and degradability of dry matter and fibre of barley straw were depressed by the presence of carbohydrates in turnips and molasses. A reduction in the activity of cellulolytic bacteria may have been the cause of the depression in straw degradability.