bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership facilitation strategies to establish evidence‐based practice in an acute care hospital
Authors: Hauck Sheila , Winsett Rebecca P. , Kuric Judy 
Published: June 2012

hauck s., winsett r.p. & kuric j. (2013) Leadership facilitation strategies to establish evidence‐based practice in an acute care hospital. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(3), 664–674. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06053.xAbstractAim.  To assess the impact of leadership facilitation strategies on nurses’ beliefs of the importance and frequency of using evidence in daily nursing practice and the perception of organizational readiness in an acute care hospital.Background.  Integrating evidence in practice is a prominent issue for hospital nursing as knowledge and skills, beliefs, organizational infrastructure and nursing leadership must all be addressed.Design.  Prospective, descriptive comparative.Method.  Three surveys were used in this prospective descriptive comparative study. Evidence‐Based Practice Beliefs Scale, the Implementation Scale and Organizational Culture & Readiness for System‐Wide Integration Survey measured change before and after facilitating strategies for evidence‐based practice enculturation. Data were collected in December 2008 (N = 427) and in December 2010 (N = 469).Results.  Leadership facilitated infrastructure development in three major areas: incorporating evidence‐based practice outcomes in the strategic plan; supporting mentors; and advocating for resources for education and outcome dissemination. With the interventions in place, the total group scores for beliefs and organizational readiness improved significantly. Analyses by job role showed that direct care nurses scores improved more than other role types. No differences were found in the implementation scores.Conclusion.  Successful key strategies were evidence‐based practice education and establishing internal opportunities to disseminate findings. Transformational nursing leadership drives organizational change and provides vision, human and financial resources and time that empowers nurses to include evidence in practice.
Intraspecific variation in body size and the rate of reproduction in female insects – adaptive allometry or biophysical constraint?
Authors: Berger David , Olofsson Martin , Friberg Magne , Karlsson Bengt , Wiklund Christer , Gotthard Karl 
Published: June 2012

Summary1.A high rate of reproduction may be costly if ecological factors limit immediate reproductive output as a fast metabolism compromises own future survival. Individuals with more reserves need more time and opportunity to realize their reproductive potential. Theory therefore predicts that the reproductive rate, defined as the investment in early reproduction in proportion to total potential, should decrease with body size within species.2.However, metabolic constraints on body size‐ and temperature‐dependent biological rates may impede biophysical adaptation. Furthermore, the sequential manner resources that are allocated to somatic vs. reproductive tissue during ontogeny may, when juveniles develop in unpredictable environments, further contribute to non‐adaptive variation in adult reproductive rates.3.With a model on female egg laying in insects, we demonstrate how variation in body reserves is predicted to affect reproductive rate under different ecological scenarios. Small females always have higher reproductive rates but shorter lifespans. However, incorporation of female host selectivity leads to more similar reproductive rates among female size classes, and oviposition behaviour is predicted to co‐evolve with reproductive rate, resulting in small females being more selective in their choice and gaining relatively more from it.4.We fed simulations with data on the butterflyPararge aegeriato compare model predictions with reproductive rates of wild butterflies. However, simulated reproductive allometry was a poor predictor of that observed. Instead, reproductive rates were better explained as a product of metabolic constraints on rates of egg maturation, and an empirically derived positive allometry between reproductive potential and size. However, fitness is insensitive to moderate deviations in reproductive rate when oviposition behaviour is allowed to co‐evolve in the simulations, suggesting that behavioural compensation may mitigate putative metabolic and developmental constraints.5.More work is needed to understand how physiology and development together with compensatory behaviours interact in shaping reproductive allometry. Empirical studies should evaluate adaptive hypotheses against proper null hypotheses, including prediction from metabolic theory, preferentially by studying reproductive physiology in combination with behaviour. Conversely, inferences of constraint explanations on reproductive rates must take into consideration that adaptive scenarios may predict similar allometric exponents.
The evolution of a highly speciose group in a changing environment: are we witnessing speciation in the Iberá wetlands?
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ MARIA JIMENA GÓMEZ , GAGGIOTTI OSCAR E. , MIROL PATRICIA 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDelimiting species is very conflicting in the case of very young taxa that are in the process of diversification, and even more difficult if the species inhabit a heterogeneous environment. In this case, even population delimitation is controversial. The South American genus of subterranean rodents Ctenomys is highly speciose, with 62 species that appeared in the lapse of 3 Myr. Within the genus, the ‘perrensi’ group, formed by three named species and a group of forms of unknown taxonomic status, inhabits the Iberá wetland, in northern Argentina. Almost every locality shows a particular chromosomal complement. To understand the relationships and the evolutionary process among species and populations, we examined mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite genotypes. We found an isolation‐by‐distance pattern with evidence of cluster‐like behaviour of the system. The mitochondrial DNA network revealed two different groups, separated by one of the main rivers of the region. Clustering methods delimited 12 different populations and five metapopulation lineages that seem to be evolving independently. We found evidence of ancient migration among localities at the centre of the distribution but no signals of current migration among the 12 delimited clusters. Some of the genetic clusters found included localities with different chromosomal numbers, which points to the existence of gene flow despite chromosomal variation. The evolutionary future of these five lineages is controlled by the dynamics of their habitat: if stable, they may become distinct species; otherwise, they may collapse into a hybrid swarm, forming a single evolving metapopulation.
Spatially explicit models of dynamic histories: examination of the genetic consequences of Pleistocene glaciation and recent climate change on the American Pika
Authors: BROWN JASON L. , KNOWLES L. LACEY 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA central goal of phylogeography is to identify and characterize the processes underlying divergence. One of the biggest impediments currently faced is how to capture the spatiotemporal dynamic under which a species evolved. Here, we described an approach that couples species distribution models (SDMs), demographic and genetic models in a spatiotemporally explicit manner. Analyses of American Pika (Ochotona princeps) from the sky islands of the central Rocky Mountains of North America are used to provide insights into key questions about integrative approaches in landscape genetics, population genetics and phylogeography. This includes (i) general issues surrounding the conversion of time‐specific SDMs into simple continuous, dynamic landscapes from past to current, (ii) the utility of SDMs to inform demographic models with deme‐specific carrying capacities and migration potentials as well as (iii) the contribution of the temporal dynamic of colonization history in shaping genetic patterns of contemporary populations. Our results support that the inclusion of a spatiotemporal dynamic is an important factor when studying the impact of distributional shifts on patterns of genetic data. Our results also demonstrate the utility of SDMs to generate species‐specific predictions about patterns of genetic variation that account for varying degrees of habitat specialization and life history characteristics of taxa. Nevertheless, the results highlight some key issues when converting SDMs for use in demographic models. Because the transformations have direct effects on the genetic consequence of population expansion by prescribing how habitat heterogeneity and spatiotemporal variation is related to the species‐specific demographic model, it is important to consider alternative transformations when studying the genetic consequences of distributional shifts.
Natural antisense transcripts in fungi
Authors: Donaldson Michael E. , Saville Barry J. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryFungi are models for investigating many eukaryotic molecular processes. The identification of natural antisense transcripts (NATs) in fungi led to the discovery of mechanisms for controlling gene expression through transcriptional interference, chromatin remodelling and dsRNA formation. An overview of these mechanisms and the description of specific NAT functions is provided to give context for a broader discussion of fungal NATs. Transcriptome analyses have revealed a large number of NATs in a divergent group of fungi. The timing of NAT expression suggests roles in core life functions, such as responding to the environment and sexual reproduction. The transcriptome studies also uncover a large number of NATs whose functions remain elusive. These could provide novel control of gene expression, targeted responses to stimuli, or other functions. The goal of this review is provide background for this expanding field of research while highlighting opportunities for future discoveries.
The multifaceted roles of FLOWERING LOCUS T in plant development
Authors: PIN P. A. , NILSSON O. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTOne of the key developmental processes in flowering plants is the differentiation of the shoot apical meristem into a floral meristem. This transition is regulated through the integration of environmental and endogenous stimuli, involving a complex, hierarchical signalling network. In arabidopsis, the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein, a mobile signal recognized as a major component of florigen, has a central position in mediating the onset of flowering. FT‐like genes seem to be involved in regulating the floral transition in all angiosperms examined to date. Evidence from molecular evolution studies suggests that the emergence of FT‐like genes coincided with the evolution of the flowering plants. Hence, the role of FT in floral promotion is conserved, but appears to be restricted to the angiosperms. Besides flowering, FT‐like proteins have also been identified as major regulatory factors in a wide range of developmental processes including fruit set, vegetative growth, stomatal control and tuberization. These multifaceted roles of FT‐like proteins have resulted from extensive gene duplication events, which occurred independently in nearly all modern angiosperm lineages, followed by sub‐ or neo‐functionalization. This review assesses the plethora of roles that FT‐like genes have acquired during evolution and their implications in plant diversity, adaptation and domestication.
International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma
Authors: Papadopoulos N. G. , Arakawa H. , Carlsen K.‐H. , Custovic A. , Gern J. , Lemanske R. , Le Souef P. , Mäkelä M. , Roberts G. , Wong G. , Zar H. , Akdis C. A. , Bacharier L. B. , Baraldi E. , van Bever H. P. , de Blic J. , Boner A. , Burks W. , Casale T. B. , Castro‐Rodriguez J. A. , Chen Y. Z. , El‐Gamal Y. M. , Everard M. L. , Frischer T. , Geller M. , Gereda J. , Goh D. Y. , Guilbert T. W. , Hedlin G. , Heymann P. W. , Hong S. J. , Hossny E. M. , Huang J. L. , Jackson D. J. , de Jongste J. C. , Kalayci O. , Aït‐Khaled N. , Kling S. , Kuna P. , Lau S. , Ledford D. K. , Lee S. I. , Liu A. H. , Lockey R. F. , Lødrup‐Carlsen K. , Lötvall J. , Morikawa A. , Nieto A. , Paramesh H. , Pawankar R. , Pohunek P. , Pongracic J. , Price D. , Robertson C. , Rosario N. , Rossenwasser L. J. , Sly P. D. , Stein R. , Stick S. , Szefler S. , Taussig L. M. , Valovirta E. , Vichyanond P. , Wallace D. , Weinberg E. , Wennergren G. , Wildhaber J. , Zeiger R. S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAsthma is the most common chronic lower respiratory disease in childhood throughout the world. Several guidelines and/or consensus documents are available to support medical decisions on pediatric asthma. Although there is no doubt that the use of common systematic approaches for management can considerably improve outcomes, dissemination and implementation of these are still major challenges. Consequently, the International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), recently formed by the EAACI, AAAAI, ACAAI, and WAO, has decided to propose an International Consensus on (ICON) Pediatric Asthma. The purpose of this document is to highlight the key messages that are common to many of the existing guidelines, while critically reviewing and commenting on any differences, thus providing a concise reference. The principles of pediatric asthma management are generally accepted. Overall, the treatment goal is disease control. To achieve this, patients and their parents should be educated to optimally manage the disease, in collaboration with healthcare professionals. Identification and avoidance of triggers is also of significant importance. Assessment and monitoring should be performed regularly to re‐evaluate and fine‐tune treatment. Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment. The optimal use of medication can, in most cases, help patients control symptoms and reduce the risk for future morbidity. The management of exacerbations is a major consideration, independent of chronic treatment. There is a trend toward considering phenotype‐specific treatment choices; however, this goal has not yet been achieved.
Frequencies of HNA‐1, HNA‐3, HNA‐4, and HNA‐5 in the Danish and Zambian populations determined using a novel TaqMan real time polymerase chain reaction method
Authors: Nielsen K. R. , Koelbaek M. D. , Varming K. , Baech J. , Steffensen R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this study, we report a novel real time polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) method using TaqMan probes for human neutrophil antigens (HNA)‐1, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 genotyping. The method was validated in a Caucasian Danish population, a Zambian population, and in clinical samples using three different methods: an in‐house polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP) method, a commercial available PCR‐SSP kit and a novel Q‐PCR method. We observed no discrepancy in the genotype frequencies determined by the PCR‐SSP methods and the TaqMan assay in the populations studied. In tests of a family of Nigerian origin and in samples carrying the rare SLC44A2*1:2 genotype, different results were produced by the commercial PCR‐SSP kit and the real‐time TaqMan assay. The TaqMan‐based genotyping method was rapid and reproducible, allowing high‐throughput HNA‐1, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 genotyping.
The free radical scavenger S‐PBN significantly prolongs DSG‐mediated graft survival in experimental xenotransplantation
Authors: Biglarnia Ali‐Reza , Emanuelsson Cecilia , Quach My , Clausen Fredrik , Larsson Erik , Schneider Mårten K.J. , Tufveson Gunnar , Lorant Tomas 
Published: June 2012

Biglarnia A‐R, Emanuelsson C, Quach M, Clausen F, Larsson E, Schneider MKJ, Tufveson G, Lorant T. The free radical scavenger S‐PBN significantly prolongs DSG‐mediated graft survival in experimental xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 166–176. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Nitrones such as 2‐sulfo‐phenyl‐N‐tert‐butyl nitrone (S‐PBN) are known to trap and stabilize free radicals and to reduce inflammation. Recently, S‐PBN was shown to reduce infiltration of T lymphocytes and the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium in experimental traumatic brain injury. We hypothesized that S‐PBN could reduce infiltration of T lymphocytes during cell‐mediated xenograft rejection and thereby increase graft survival. The concordant mouse‐to‐rat heart transplantation model was used to test the hypothesis. In this model, grafts undergo acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR) almost invariably on day 3 and succumb to cell‐mediated rejection on approximately day 8 if AHXR is inhibited by treatment with 15‐deoxyspergualin (DSG).Material and methods:  Hearts from Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were transplanted to the neck vessels of Lewis rats. Recipients were treated with S‐PBN (n = 9), DSG (n = 9), S‐PBN and DSG in combination (n = 10) or left untreated (n = 9) for survival studies. S‐PBN was given daily intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight (BW) on day −1 to 30, and DSG was given daily intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW on day −1 to 4 and 5 mg/kg BW on day 5 to 21. Nine additional recipients were given S‐PBN only on days −1 and 0 in combination with continuous DSG treatment. Grafts were monitored until they stopped beating. Additional recipients were treated with S‐PBN (n = 5), DSG (n = 5), S‐PBN and DSG in combination (n = 6) or left untreated (n = 5) for morphological, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses on days 2 and 6 after transplantation.Results:  S‐PBN treatment in combination with DSG resulted in increased median graft survival compared to DSG treatment alone (14 vs. 7 days; P = 0.019). Lower number of T lymphocytes on day 6 (P = 0.019) was observed by ex vivo propagation and flow cytometry when combining S‐PBN with DSG, whereas immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of infiltrated CD4+, but not TCR+, cells. S‐PBN treatment alone had no impact on graft survival compared to untreated rats (3 vs. 3 days). No differences were seen in ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 expression or in morphology between the groups.Conclusion:  The combination of S‐PBN and DSG treatment increases xenograft survival. The main effect of S‐PBN appears to be in direct connection with the transplantation. Because of its low toxicity, S‐PBN could become useful in combination with other immunosuppressants to reduce cell‐mediated xenograft rejection.
Islet isolation and purification from inbred Wuzhishan miniature pigs
Authors: Jiang Xiaofeng , Qian Taolai , Linn Thomas , Cao Liangqi , Xiang Guangyang , Wang Yezeng , Peng Heping , Xue Ping , Zhang Lehong , Chen De , Yang Xuewei 
Published: June 2012

Jiang X, Qian T, Linn T, Cao L, Xiang G, Wang Y, Peng H, Xue P, Zhang L, Chen D, Yang X. Islet isolation and purification from inbred Wuzhishan miniature pigs. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 159–165. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  To investigate the applicability of inbred Wuzhishan (WZS) miniature pigs for porcine islet isolation and purification.Methods:  Islet isolation and purification was conducted on adult (1‐yr‐old), male inbred WZS miniature pigs and age‐ and sex‐matched market pigs obtained from a local slaughterhouse (control group). Pancreata were excised, and islet isolation was carried out by static digestion and discontinuous gradient centrifugation. Viability of the purified islets was tested by radioimmunochemistry assay to measure glucose‐induced insulin release in culture and transplantation in an in vivo study.Results:  The anatomical structure of the WZS miniature pig pancreas was more similar to the human pancreas than that of the market pig. Islet yield of the WZS miniature pigs’ pancreata was significantly higher than that of the market pigs (6078 ± 1105 vs. 2500 ± 625 islet equivalents [IEQ]/g). In vitro study demonstrated that the islets isolated from WZS miniature pigs were viable, as they efficiently responded to glucose challenge. In vivo study showed that the islets from both groups could cure the diabetic rat with the survival varied from 3 to 5 days (median, 4.3 days) and 2–4 days (median, 3.6 days) in experimental group and control group, respectively.Conclusion:  Wuzhishan miniature pig pancreas may be a feasible source of islets for xenotransplantation.
Oral activated charcoal suppresses hyperphosphataemia in haemodialysis patients
Authors: WANG ZUNSONG , CUI MEIYU , TANG LIJUN , LI WENBIN , WEI YONG , ZHU ZHUXIAN , JIA XIAOYAN , KONG XIANGLEI , XU DONGMEI 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Hyperphosphataemia is almost inevitable in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this study we examined whether oral activated charcoal (oAC) reduces serum phosphate level in haemodialysis patients.Methods:  This was an open‐label, prospective, uncontrolled study. One hundred and thirty‐five haemodialysis patients were included in this study, with cessation of treatment with any phosphate binders during a 2 week washout period. Patients with serum phosphate levels greater than 5.5 mg/dL during the washout period were included for treatment with oAC. oAC was started at a dose of 600 mg three times per day with meals and was administered for 24 weeks. oAC dose was titrated up during the 24 week period to achieve phosphate control (3.5–5.5 mg/dL). A second 2 week washout period followed the end of oAC treatment.Results:  In the 114 patients who successfully completed the trial, the mean dose of activated charcoal was 3190 ± 806 mg/day. oAC reduced mean phosphate levels to below 5.5 mg/dL, with mean decreases of 2.60 ± 0.11 mg/dL (P < 0.01) and 103 (90.4%) of the patients reached the phosphate target. After the second washout period the phosphate levels increased to 7.50 ± 1.03 mg/dL (P < 0.01). Serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels declined from 338.75 ± 147.77 pg/mL to 276.51 ± 127.82 pg/mL (P < 0.05) during the study. oAC had no influence on serum prealbumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, serum ferritin, haemoglobin or platelet levels and the levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D were stable during the study.Conclusion:  In this open‐label uncontrolled study, oAC effectively controls hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism in haemodialysis patients. The safety and efficacy of oAC needs to be assessed in a randomized controlled trial.
Severe refractory hypoxaemia in submassive pulmonary embolism: a surrogate marker of severe right ventricular dysfunction and indication for thrombolysis
Authors: Braude S. , Martens‐Nielsen J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe role of thrombolysis in pulmonary thromboembolism is controversial. We describe a case of life‐threatening acute pulmonary embolism where thrombolysis was successfully administered because of extreme refractory hypoxaemia. We suggest that profound refractory hypoxaemia in this clinical setting was due to the combination of severe right ventricular dysfunction and shunting from pulmonary infarction. The shunt was not likely to have resolved in the short term, but right ventricular function and hypoxaemia improved with clot lysis. Similar clinical presentations should prompt active consideration of thrombolysis.