bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Reasons for the Underuse of Pneumococcal Vaccination by Community‐Dwelling Older African Americans
Authors: Jones Linda G. , Zhang Yan , Ahmed Mustafa I. , Ekundayo O. James , Akhter Shamima , Sawyer Patricia , Aban Inmaculada , Sims Richard V. , Ahmed Ali 
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVES: To understand the potential roles of various patient and provider factors in the underuse of pneumococcal vaccination in Medicare‐eligible older African Americans.DESIGN: The Cardiovascular Health Study.SETTING: Four U.S. states.PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred ninety‐five pairs of community‐dwelling Medicare‐eligible African‐American and white adults aged 65 and older, balanced according to age and sex.MEASUREMENTS: Data on self‐reported race, receipt of pneumococcal vaccination, and other important sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected at baseline.RESULTS: Participants had a mean age ± standard deviation of 73 ± 6; 63% were female. Pneumococcal vaccination rates were 22% for African Americans and 28% for whites (unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for African Americans=0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.60–0.94; P=.01). This association remained significant despite adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical confounders, including education, income, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and prior pneumonia (OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.56–0.97; P=.03), but the association was no longer significant after additional adjustment for the receipt of influenza vaccination (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.59–1.06; P=.12). Receipt of influenza vaccination was associated with higher odds of receiving pneumococcal vaccination (unadjusted OR=6.43, 95% CI=5.00–8.28; P<.001), and the association between race and pneumococcal vaccination lost significance when adjusted for influenza vaccination alone (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.63–1.03; P=.09).CONCLUSION: The strong association between receipt of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations suggests that patient and provider attitudes toward vaccination, rather than traditional confounders such as education and income, may help explain the underuse of pneumococcal vaccination in older African Americans.
Implications for Educating the Next Generation of Nurses on Genetics and Genomics in the 21st Century
Authors: Lea Dale Halsey , Skirton Heather , Read Catherine Y. , Williams Janet K. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract Purpose: To provide nurse educators with an updated overview of advances in genetics and genomics in the context of the holistic perspective of nursing. Organizing Framework: Recent advances in genetic and genomic research, testing, therapies, and resources are presented, and the continuing importance of the family history is discussed. Methods: Genomic nurse experts reviewed recent literature and consumer resources to elucidate updates in technology through the lens of the genetically vulnerable patient and family. Findings: Genetic and genomic technologies are becoming routinely used in health care, and nurse educators will be challenged to incorporate these technologies and implications for patients and families into educational programs. Conclusions: New technology and its applications are perennial challenges to nurse educators, but the common focus for nursing, historically and geographically, is health promotion, symptom management, and disease prevention. Education for the next generation of nurses can lay a foundation in genetics and genomics that will enable interpretation and responsible integration of new technologies in a context of individual and family value systems, personal experiences, risk perception, decision consequences, and available resources. Clinical Relevance: Nurses are ideally situated to inform patients about new options in healthcare, and nurse educators are challenged to prepare their students to interpret andresponsibly integrate new genetic‐genomic information into practice.
Learning Diphone‐Based Segmentation
Authors: Daland Robert , Pierrehumbert Janet B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper reconsiders the diphone‐based word segmentation model of Cairns, Shillcock, Chater, and Levy (1997) and Hockema (2006), previously thought to be unlearnable. A statistically principled learning model is developed using Bayes’ theorem and reasonable assumptions about infants’ implicit knowledge. The ability to recover phrase‐medial word boundaries is tested using phonetic corpora derived from spontaneous interactions with children and adults. The (unsupervised and semi‐supervised) learning models are shown to exhibit several crucial properties. First, only a small amount of language exposure is required to achieve the model’s ceiling performance, equivalent to between 1 day and 1 month of caregiver input. Second, the models are robust to variation, both in the free parameter and the input representation. Finally, both the learning and baseline models exhibit undersegmentation, argued to have significant ramifications for speech processing as a whole.
Quantification of the proportion of transfers from residential aged care facilities to the emergency department that could be avoided through improved primary care services
Authors: Codde Jim , Frankel Jackie , Arendts Glenn , Babich Paul 
Published: December 2010

Aim: To describe elderly patient transfers from residential aged care facilities (RACF) to hospital emergency departments (ED), and to estimate the proportion of transfers that may be avoidable with improved primary care service to RACF.Methods: A descriptive study analysing data from a single tertiary hospital ED patient database, medical record reviews from a random sample of RACF patients presenting to ED and previously published reports.Results: Thirty‐one per cent of all transfers at our hospital were potentially avoidable. This sits within the range (7% to 48%) found internationally. A small number of simple interventions could potentially reduce unnecessary ED transfer from RACF.Conclusions: Evidence from multiple sources suggests that a meaningful proportion of transfers from RACF to ED may be avoided.
Review article: Can venous blood gas analysis replace arterial in emergency medical care
Authors: Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe objectives of the present review are to describe the agreement between variables on arterial and venous blood gas analysis (in particular pH, pCO2, bicarbonate and base excess) and to identify unanswered questions. MEDLINE search of papers published from 1966 to January 2010 for studies comparing arterial and peripheral venous blood gas values for any of pH, pCO2, bicarbonate and base excess in adult patients with any condition in an emergency department setting. The outcome of interest was mean difference weighted for study sample size with 95% limits of agreement. The weighted mean arterio–venous difference in pH was 0.035 pH units (n= 1252), with narrow limits of agreement. The weighted mean arterio–venous difference for pCO2 was 5.7 mmHg (n= 760), but with 95% limits of agreement up to the order of ±20 mmHg. For bicarbonate, the weighted mean difference between arterial and venous values was –1.41 mmol/L (n= 905), with 95% limits of agreement of the order of ±5 mmol/L. Regarding base excess, the mean arterio–venous difference is 0.089 mmol/L (n= 103). There is insufficient data to determine if these relationships persist in shocked patients or those with mixed acid‐base disorders. For patients who are not in shock, venous pH, bicarbonate and base excess have sufficient agreement to be clinically interchangeable for arterial values. Agreement between arterial and venous pCO2 is too poor and unpredictable to be clinically useful as a one‐off test but venous pCO2 might be useful to screen for arterial hypercarbia or to monitor trends in pCO2 for selected patients.
Review article: Debriefing critical incidents in the emergency department
Authors: Magyar Joanne , Theophilos Theane 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe impact of work related stressors on emergency clinicians has long been recognized, yet there is little formal research into the benefits of debriefing hospital staff after critical incidents, such as failed resuscitation. This article examines current models of debriefing and their application to emergency staff through a review of the literature. The goal being, to outline best practice, with recommendations for guideline development and future research directives. An electronic database search was a conducted in Ovid and Psychinfo. All available abstracts were read and a hand search was completed of the references. Included articles were selected by a panel of two experts. Models and evidence relating to their efficacy were identified from the literature, and detailed evaluation included. The reviewed literature revealed a distinct paucity regarding the efficacy of debriefing of clinicians post CI and in particular randomized controlled trials. Despite this debriefing is perceived as important by emergency clinicians. However evidence presents both benefits and disadvantages to debriefing interventions. In the absence of evidence based practice guidelines, any development of models of debriefing in the emergency healthcare setting should be closely evaluated. And future research directives should aim towards large randomized control trials.
Is Homatropine 5% effective in reducing pain associated with corneal abrasion when compared with placebo? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meek Robert , Sullivan Andy , Favilla Marcel , Larmour Ian , Guastalegname Steven 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective:  To compare the change in visual analogue scale (VAS) pain ratings over 24 h following mechanical corneal abrasion between patients receiving sixth hourly drops of either 5% homatropine or placebo.Methods:  A triple blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on a convenience sample of eligible consenting adults who were randomized to receive either sixth hourly 5% homatropine (active) or 0.5% hypromellose (placebo) eye drops. VAS pain ratings were performed at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h whereas the study drug was instilled at 0, 6, 12 and 18 h. The primary outcome was attainment of a clinically significant reduction in pain on the VAS (>20 mm decrease) from enrolment to each time point.Results:  There were no significant differences in baseline variables or VAS pain ratings at any time point between those in the homatropine (n= 20) and placebo (n= 20) groups. The percentages of patients reporting a >20 mm VAS decrease at 12 h were 50% (95% CI –27.2–72.8) and 60% (95% CI –36.1–80.9) for the homatropine and placebo groups, respectively.Conclusion:  We found no significant difference in pain score reductions between the two groups but some level of therapeutic benefit is not excluded.
Successful drainage of a traumatic haemopericardium with pericardiocentesis through an intercostal approach
Authors: Choo Tze Liang Johnathan , Wong Keng Yean , Chen Ching Kit , Tan Teng Hong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA case of traumatic haemopericardium, sustained after blunt thoracic trauma, is described in a paediatric patient that was successfully drained by needle pericardiocentesis under 2D‐echocardiographic guidance, via an intercostal approach, in the Children's Intensive Care Unit. The patient was haemodynamically unstable with obvious signs of cardiac tamponade. Drainage of the haemopericardium resulted in immediate improvement in haemodynamics. There was no re‐accumulation of the haemopericardium. There were no complications as a result of the pericardiocentesis. No further surgical intervention was required.
Rapid and efficient callus induction and plant regeneration from seeds of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonicaSteud.)
Authors: Wang Xun , Hoshino Yoichiro , Yamada Toshihiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA rapid and efficientin vitroculture system has been established in zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonicaSteud.). Embryos isolated from mature seeds were used to induce callus, which improved callus formation and shortened the culture period. A high concentration of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (5 mg L−1) in combination with low concentration of 6‐benzyladenine (0.2 mg L−1) was proved to be suitable for callus induction in zoysiagrass. Eight types of calli were observed; friable callus was the most regenerable type. Shoot regeneration efficiency was improved by using 1 mg L−1of thidiazuron with 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (0.05 mg L−1) and gibberellic acid (0.1 mg L−1). Zoysiagrass shoots continued to grow in MS medium, and rooted in half‐strength MS medium. With this system, it appears the duration ofin vitroregeneration could be shortened to 16 weeks for zoysiagrass, i.e. from inoculation of embryos to regeneration of plantlets with shoots and roots.
Plant regeneration from calli in giant reed (Arundo donax L.)
Authors: Takahashi Wataru , Takamizo Tadashi , Kobayashi Makoto , Ebina Masumi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe established a plant regeneration system using callus culture for giant reed (Arundo donax L.). An in vitro propagation system allowed year‐round provision of explants by tissue culture. Calli were induced from axillary buds isolated from plants grown in vitro. Callus induction media supplemented with 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and 6‐benzyladenine (BA) influenced both callus induction frequency and later plant regeneration on hormone‐free media. Media supplemented with 3 mg L−1 2,4‐D appeared to harmonize callus formation and subsequent shoot formation. In contrast, despite a low callus formation frequency, calli induced with 0.25 mg L−1 BA alone showed the highest shoot formation frequency. Data suggest genotypic effects in tissue culture response as well. This study reports the first data regarding the tissue culture of giant reed.
Estimation of genome size in Brachiaria species
Authors: Ishigaki Genki , Gondo Takahiro , Ebina Masumi , Suenaga Kazuhiro , Akashi Ryo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGenome sizes of five cultivars of four Brachiaria species were estimated by flow cytometry to evaluate their utility as breeding material. Genome sizes expressed as C values differed among these cultivars (615–1953 Mbp C−1), increasing with increased ploidy level. Genome sizes given as Cx values were larger in apomictic polyploids (651–817 Mbp Cx−1) than in sexual diploids (615 Mbp Cx−1). Additionally, genome sizes expressed as Cx values tended to decrease with increasing ploidy levels in apomictic cultivars. Our findings indicate that genome size depends on ploidy level and reproductive mode in Brachiaria. The information is useful for research on the construction of DNA libraries, genetic maps, biodiversity and evolution of Brachiaria species.
Mathematical models of cell factories: moving towards the core of industrial biotechnology
Authors: Cvijovic Marija , Bordel Sergio , Nielsen Jens 
Published: December 2010

SummaryIndustrial biotechnology involves the utilization of cell factories for the production of fuels and chemicals. Traditionally, the development of highly productive microbial strains has relied on random mutagenesis and screening. The development of predictive mathematical models provides a new paradigm for the rational design of cell factories. Instead of selecting among a set of strains resulting from random mutagenesis, mathematical models allow the researchers to predict in silico the outcomes of different genetic manipulations and engineer new strains by performing gene deletions or additions leading to a higher productivity of the desired chemicals. In this review we aim to summarize the main modelling approaches of biological processes and illustrate the particular applications that they have found in the field of industrial microbiology.
Bone resorption after bioresorbable fixation of a fractured paediatric mandible – a case report
Authors: Bali R. , Sharma P. , Jindal S. , Sharma R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe use of bioresorbable fixation systems has been gaining fast momentum in contemporary maxillofacial traumatology. While indications continue to expand with improvements in strength and profiles of these implants, undesirable events, including localised sterile abscesses and osteolytic changes, have been reported during degradation of these products. We report a case of a fracture of paediatric mandiblular angle managed with bioresorbable fixation that showed significant bone resorption adjacent to the fixation site 18 months post‐operatively.
New Vetulicoliids from the Lower Cambrian Guanshan Fauna, Kunming
Authors: Huilin LUO , Xiaoping FU , Shixue HU , Yong LI , Liangzhong CHEN , Ting YOU , Qi LIU 
Published: December 2010

Abstract The Guanshan Fauna, a soft‐bodied fauna intermediate between the Chengjiang Fauna and the Kaili Fauna and also the Burgess Shale Fauna stratigraphically, consists of trilobites, trilobitoides, Tuzoia, Vetulicola, Paleoscolex, brachiopods and sponges. The discovery and research of this fauna is of great significance in understading the “Cambrian Explosion” and the evolution of early life. The occurrence of vetulicoliids from the Guanshan Fauna not only adds new members to the taxonomic list, but also provides new information to the evolution of this animal group. This paper describe Vetulicola gantoucunensis Luo, Fu et Hu sp. nov. from the Lower Cambrian Wulongqing Formation in the Kunming area. Also presented are the amended description of Vetulicola and the comparisons with related genera within Vetulicoliids. The affinity, distribution, as well as evolution of vetulicoliids are discussed.
A Possible Long‐tailed Bird with a Pygostyle from the Late Mesozoic Yixian Formation, Western Liaoning, China
Authors: Junchang LÜ , Lianhai HOU 
Published: December 2010

Abstract An incomplete caudal vertebral series (IVPP V11309) from the Yixian Formation of late Mesozoic, Jianshangou area of Beipiao, western Liaoning Province, may represent a new bird. The tail is composed of at least 12 free caudal vertebrae and the most distal 5 caudal vertebrae co‐ossified into a pygostyle. The pygostyle is plate‐like and slightly curved dorsally. The anterior free caudals are amphiplatyan. The anterior caudal surfaces of the last three free caudals are concave, but their posterior articular surfaces are convex. The pygostyle is regarded as the first appeared flight apparatus during the evolutionary process from Archaeopteryx to neornithes. The pygostyle appeared in most early fossil birds and almost all the modern birds. Although their morphologies are different, they are basically formed by at least four last caudal vertebrae. The specimen V11309 is regarded as a bird rather than a non‐avian theropod dinosaur based on the following characters: short caudal vertebrae, numerous pits present on the surfaces of the centra and, a foramen present between the basal part of the fused neural spines, which is similar to that of Struthio camelus. The discoveries of pygostyles from the therizinosauroids and oviraptorosaurs may provide strong evidence for supporting the origin of birds from small theropod dinosaurs. The structure of the pygostyle in specimen V11309 is different from those of Beipiaosaurus (Therizinosauroid) and Nomingia (oviraptorosaur). The most parsimonious interpretation is that these pygostyle‐like structures are independently acquired by Beipiaosaurus and Nomingia during their evolutionary process.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Migration during Ore Formation of Carboniferous Exhalation‐Sedimentary Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Tongling District, Anhui Province
Authors: Wenyi XU , Zengqian HOU , Zhusen YANG , Danian SHI , Yifeng MENG , Pusheng ZENG 
Published: December 2010

Abstract Numerical simulation of fluid migration during the ore‐forming process of the Carboniferous exhalation‐sedimentary (Sedex) massive sulfide deposits in the Tongling district shows that fluid and thermal activities in lying‐wall rocks were limited to a small area around the main draining passage, which led to weak mineralization and alteration in the lying‐wall rock. Temperature and fluid fields indicate that mineralization and alteration in the lying‐wall rock of the Sedex‐type deposits are usually weaker than those of volcano‐hosted massive sulfide deposits. Fluid migration involves the following processes: seawater penetrating and leaching the lying‐wall rocks, then mixing with ascending hydrothermal fluids in the main draining passage, and finally jetting into seafloor. Although fluid activity‐influenced area is rather small, the content of metals leached out from the lying‐wall rocks is high enough to form large‐scale ore deposits. Tensional contemporaneous faults accompanied with strong heat flows controlled the formation and distribution of Sedex deposits. The tensional tectonic regime on the northern margin of the Yangtze block during the Hercynian provided Sedex deposits with a prerequisite geodynamic condition.
The Bivalve Yangtzedonta is not the Brachiopod Xianfengella
Authors: Wen YU 
Published: December 2010

Abstract The alleged “holotype” of the bivalve Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu, 1985 figured by Qian (2001) is a broken and distorted specimen of the brachiopod Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982 and not the holotype of Y. primitiva. Qian contends that the oldest recognized monoplacophoran, Maikhanella pristinis (Jiang, 1980), is neither a monoplacophoran nor the oldest molluscan fossil in the Meishucunian Stage of China. Furthermore, he considers that the oldest bivalve Xianfengoconcha elliptica Zhang, 1980 is an inarticulate brachiopod, not a mollusc. Watsonella yunnanensis (He and Yang, 1982), is associated with Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu but indicates no evolutionary relationship between the Classes Rostroconchia and Bivalvia in the Lower Cambrian Zhongyicun Member of the Yuhucun Formation. Qian's confusion in using non‐molluscan fossils to discuss the early evolution of shelled molluscs also confuses the basic concepts of the respective groups.
Disseminated Human Conidiobolomycosis Due to Conidiobolus lamprauges
Authors: Kimura Masatomo , Yaguchi Takashi , Sutton Deanna A. , Fothergill Annette W. , Thompson Elizabeth H. , Wickes Brian L. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

We describe a disseminated fungal infection by
Conidiobolus lamprauges
in a patient with malignant lymphoma. Histopathology and mycological studies were performed, along with molecular analyses. This is the first record of this species causing human disease and the fifth reported disseminated infection by a
Conidiobolus
sp. in humans.