bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of elevated ozone concentration on methane emission from a rice paddy in Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: ZHENG FEIXIANG , WANG XIAOKE , LU FEI , HOU PEIQIANG , ZHANG WEIWEI , DUAN XIAONAN , ZHOU XIAOPING , AI YONGPING , ZHENG HUA , OUYANG ZHIYUN , FENG ZONGWEI 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFew investigations have been made on the impact of elevated ozone (O3) concentration on methane (CH4) emission from rice paddies. Using open‐top chambers in situ with different O3 treatments, CH4 emissions were measured in a rice paddy in Yangtze River Delta, China in 2007 and 2008. There were four treatments applied: charcoal‐filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and charcoal‐filtered air with different O3 additions (O3‐1 and O3‐2). The mean O3 concentrations during the O3 fumigation were 19.7, 22.6, 69.6 and 118.6 ppb in 2007 and 7.0, 17.4, 82.2 and 138.3 ppb in 2008 for treatments CF, NF, O3‐1 and O3‐2, respectively. The rice yields, as compared with CF, were reduced by 32.8% and 37.1%, 58.3% and 52.1% in treatments O3‐1 and O3‐2 in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The diurnal patterns of CH4 emission varied temporally with treatments and there was inconsistence in diurnal variations in CH4 emissions from the paddy field. The daily mean CH4 emissions were significantly lower in treatments O3‐1 and O3‐2 than those in treatments CF and NF. Compared with CF treatment, CH4 emissions from the paddy field were decreased to 46.5% and 38.3%, 50.6% and 46.8% under treatments O3‐1 and O3‐2 in the whole growing seasons of 2007 and 2008, respectively. The seasonal mean CH4 emissions were negatively related with AOT40 (accumulative O3 concentration above 40 ppb; P < 0.01 in both years), but positively related to the relative rice yield (reference to CF; P < 0.01 in 2007 and P < 0.001 in 2008), aboveground biomass (P < 0.01 in both years) and underground biomass (P < 0.01 in 2007 and P < 0.05 in 2008). The decreased CH4 emission from the rice paddy due to an increased O3 exposure might partially mitigate the global warming potential induced by soil carbon loss under elevated O3 concentrations.
Feedback of carbon and nitrogen cycles enhances carbon sequestration in the terrestrial biosphere
Authors: ESSER GERD , KATTGE JENS , SAKALLI ABDULLA 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe efforts to explain the ‘missing sink’ for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) have included in recent years the role of nitrogen as an important constraint for biospheric carbon fluxes. We used the Nitrogen Carbon Interaction Model (NCIM) to investigate patterns of carbon and nitrogen storage in different compartments of the terrestrial biosphere as a consequence of a rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, in combination with varying levels of nitrogen availability. This model has separate but closely coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles with a focus on soil processes and soil–plant interactions, including an active compartment of soil microorganisms decomposing litter residues and competing with plants for available nitrogen. Biological nitrogen fixation is represented as a function of vegetation nitrogen demand. The model was validated against several global datasets of soil and vegetation carbon and nitrogen pools. Five model experiments were carried out for the modeling periods 1860–2002 and 2002–2100. In these experiments we varied the nitrogen availability using different combinations of biological nitrogen fixation, denitrification, leaching of soluble nitrogen compounds with constant or rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Oversupply with nitrogen, in an experiment with nitrogen fixation, but no nitrogen losses, together with constant atmospheric CO2, led to some carbon sequestration in organismic pools, which was nearly compensated by losses of C from soil organic carbon pools. Rising atmospheric CO2 always led to carbon sequestration in the biosphere. Considering an open nitrogen cycle including dynamic nitrogen fixation, and nitrogen losses from denitrification and leaching, the carbon sequestration in the biosphere is of a magnitude comparable to current observation based estimates of the ‘missing sink.’ A fertilization feedback between the carbon and nitrogen cycles occurred in this experiment, which was much stronger than the sum of separate influences of high nitrogen supply and rising atmospheric CO2. The demand‐driven biological nitrogen fixation was mainly responsible for this result. For the modeling period 2002–2100, NCIM predicts continued carbon sequestration in the low range of previously published estimates, combined with a plausible rate of CO2‐driven biological nitrogen fixation and substantial redistribution of nitrogen from soil to plant pools.
The impact of temperature variability on wheat yields
Authors: ASSENG SENTHOLD , FOSTER IAN , TURNER NEIL C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWith current annual production at over 600 million tonnes, wheat is the third largest crop in the world behind corn and rice, and an essential source of carbohydrates for millions of people. While wheat is grown over a wide range of environments, it is common in the major wheat‐producing countries for grain filling to occur when soil moisture is declining and temperature is increasing. Average global temperatures have increased over the last decades and are predicted to continue rising, along with a greater frequency of extremely hot days. Such events have already been reported for major wheat growing regions in the world. However, the direct impact of past temperature variability and changes in averages and extremes on wheat production has not been quantified. Attributing changes in observed yields over recent decades to a single factor such as temperature is not possible due to the confounding effects of other factors. By using simulation modelling, we were able to separate the impact of temperature from other factors and show that the effect of temperature on wheat production has been underestimated. Surprisingly, observed variations in average growing‐season temperatures of ±2 °C in the main wheat growing regions of Australia can cause reductions in grain production of up to 50%. Most of this can be attributed to increased leaf senescence as a result of temperatures >34 °C. Temperature conditions during grain filling in the major wheat growing regions of the world are similar to the Australian conditions during grain filling. With average temperatures and the frequency of heat events projected to increase world‐wide with global warming, yield reductions due to higher temperatures during the important grain‐filling stage alone could substantially undermine future global food security. Adaptation strategies need to be considered now to prevent substantial yield losses in wheat from increasing future heat stress.
A climatic basis for microrefugia: the influence of terrain on climate
Authors: DOBROWSKI SOLOMON Z. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThere is compelling evidence from glacial and interglacial periods of the Quaternary of the utilization of microrefugia. Microrefugia are sites that support locally favorable climates amidst unfavorable regional climates, which allow populations of species to persist outside of their main distributions. Knowledge of the location of microrefugia has important implications for climate change research as it will influence our understanding of the spatial distribution of species through time, their patterns of genetic diversity, and potential dispersal rates in response to climate shifts. Indeed, the implications of microrefugia are profound and yet we know surprisingly little about their climatic basis; what climatic processes can support their subsistence, where they may occur, their climatic traits, and the relevance of these locations for climate change research. Here I examine the climatic basis for microrefugia and assert that the interaction between regional advective influences and local terrain influences will define the distribution and nature of microrefugia. I review the climatic processes that can support their subsistence and from this climatic basis: (1) infer traits of the spatial distribution of microrefugia and how this may change through time; (2) review assertions about their landscape position and what it can tell us about regional climates; and (3) demonstrate an approach to forecasting where microrefugia may occur in the future. This synthesis highlights the importance of landscape physiography in shaping the adaptive response of biota to climate change.
IR spectral imaging of secreted mucus: a promising new tool for the histopathological recognition of human colonic adenocarcinomas
Authors: Travo Adrian , Piot Olivier , Wolthuis Rolf , Gobinet Cyril , Manfait Michel , Bara Jacques , Forgue‐Lafitte Marie‐Elisabeth , Jeannesson Pierre 
Published: May 2010

Travo A, Piot O, Wolthuis R, Gobinet C, Manfait M, Bara J, Forgue‐Lafitte M‐E & Jeannesson P  (2010) Histopathology 56, 921–931 IR spectral imaging of secreted mucus: a promising new tool for the histopathological recognition of human colonic adenocarcinomas Aims:  During colonic carcinogenesis, mucin‐type glycoproteins are known to undergo quantitative and qualitative alterations. The aim of this study was to determine the value of infrared (IR) spectral histology for the histopathological recognition of colonic adenocarcinomas based on mucin‐associated IR spectral markers.Methods and results:  Paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of normal human colon and adenocarcinomas were analysed directly by IR‐microspectroscopy (IR‐MSP), without prior chemical dewaxing. IR‐MSP imaging combined with multivariate analysis permitted the construction of IR colour‐coded images of the tissue sections providing spatially resolved biochemical information. This allowed localization of mucin‐rich areas and provided label‐free spectral‐based staining of secreted mucus related to the biochemical heterogeneity of its mucin content. IR images of secreted mucus display the same spectral clusters in both normal and adenocarcinomatous colonic tissues, but with significant differences in surface percentages. Such differences allow a distinction between these two tissue types. Spectral variations associated with changes of mucin secondary structure were the most accurate mucus spectral marker for discriminating between normal colon and adenocarcinomas in the sample set.Conclusions:  IR‐MSP imaging provides a new type of histology, independent of visual morphology, presenting tremendous possibilities for discovery and clinical monitoring of cancer markers.
Breast cancer precursors revisited: molecular features and progression pathways
Authors: Lopez‐Garcia Maria A , Geyer Felipe C , Lacroix‐Triki Magali , Marchió Caterina , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: May 2010

Lopez‐Garcia M A, Geyer F C, Lacroix‐Triki M, Marchió C & Reis‐Filho J S (2010) Histopathology 57, 171–192 Breast cancer precursors revisited: molecular features and progression pathwaysIncreasingly more coherent data on the molecular characteristics of benign breast lesions and breast cancer precursors have led to the delineation of new multistep pathways of breast cancer progression through genotypic–phenotypic correlations. It has become apparent that oestrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and ‐negative breast lesions are fundamentally distinct diseases. Within the ER‐positive group, histological grade is strongly associated with the number and complexity of genetic abnormalities in breast cancer cells. Genomic analyses of high‐grade ER‐positive breast cancers have revealed that a substantial proportion of these tumours harbour the characteristic genetic aberrations found in low‐grade ER‐positive disease, suggesting that at least a subgroup of high‐grade ER‐positive breast cancers may originate from low‐grade lesions. The ER‐negative group is more complex and heterogeneous, comprising distinct molecular entities, including basal‐like, HER2 and molecular apocrine lesions. Importantly, the type and pattern of genetic aberrations found in ER‐negative cancers differ from those of ER‐positive disease. Here, we review the available molecular data on breast cancer risk indicator and precursor lesions, the putative mechanisms of progression from in situ to invasive disease, and propose a revised model of breast cancer evolution based on the molecular characteristics of distinct subtypes of in situ and invasive breast cancers.
Pleuropulmonary pathology of vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: spontaneous laceration, haematoma and fibrous nodules
Authors: Kawabata Yoshinori , Watanabe Akira , Yamaguchi Shozaburo , Aoshima Masahiro , Shiraki Akira , Hatamochi Atushi , Kawamura Tetsuji , Uchiyama Takashi , Watanabe Atushi , Fukuda Yuh 
Published: May 2010

Kawabata Y, Watanabe A, Yamaguchi S, Aoshima M, Shiraki A, Hatamochi A, Kawamura T, Uchiyama T, Watanabe A & Fukuda Y (2010) Histopathology 56, 944–950 Pleuropulmonary pathology of vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: spontaneous laceration, haematoma and fibrous nodulesAims:  The aim was to clarify the pleuropulmonary pathological findings of vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS).Methods and results:  Nine patients with confirmed vEDS by means of cell culture and/or molecular biological studies who had undergone surgical lung biopsy (SLB), lobectomy or autopsy were studied. Six patients were male and three were female with a mean age of 23.2 years. Histological features were as follows: (i) the main pulmonary lesions related to fragility and spontaneous laceration, these being haematomas in seven, acute haemorrhage in nine, fibrous nodule in eight, with ossification or bone marrow formation in six; vascular disruption in five; intraluminal haemosiderosis in nine; interstitial haemosiderosis in seven, with iron deposition in the alveolar wall and/or vessel wall in five and foreign body reaction in two; emphysematous changes in eight; and bleb formation in two; (ii) secondary iatrogenic pleuropulmonary injuries during SLB or lobectomy comprised pleural laceration in seven of 10 and lung laceration in eight of 10 specimens.Conclusions:  Spontaneous laceration of lung tissue is an essential feature and is followed by haematoma and possible fibrous nodule formation.
Enhancement of anti‐Aspergillus T helper type 1 response by interferon‐β‐conditioned dendritic cells
Authors: Gafa Valérie , Remoli Maria E. , Giacomini Elena , Severa Martina , Grillot Renée , Coccia Eliana M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAlthough data show the importance of type I interferons (IFNs) in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immunity elicited in response to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, the functional activities of these cytokines during fungal infections are poorly understood. We examined here the impact of IFN‐β on the response of human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs) infected in vitro with Aspergillus fumigatus. Having found that A. fumigatus‐infected DCs do not express IFN‐β, we evaluated the effect of the exogenous addition of IFN‐β on the maturation of human DCs induced by the infection with A. fumigatus conidia. Although the phagocytosis of the fungus was not affected by IFN‐β treatment, the expression of CD86 and CD83 induced upon A. fumigatus challenge was enhanced in IFN‐β‐conditioned DCs, which also showed an increased expression of IL‐27 and IL‐12p70, members of IL‐12 family. Through these modifications, IFN‐β improved the capacity of DCs to promote an anti‐Aspergillus T helper type 1 response, as evaluated by mixed leucocyte reaction, which plays a crucial role in the control of invasive aspergillosis. Our results identified a novel effect of IFN‐β on anti‐Aspergillus immune responses which, in turn, might open new perspectives on the use of IFN‐β in immunotherapy for fungal infections aimed at enhancing the immunological functions of DCs.
The role of endothelial interleukin‐8/NADPH oxidase 1 axis in sepsis
Authors: Miyoshi Takashi , Yamashita Kouhei , Arai Toshiyuki , Yamamoto Kokichi , Mizugishi Kiyomi , Uchiyama Takashi 
Published: May 2010

SummarySepsis is a generalized inflammatory disease, caused by the hyperinflammatory response of the host, rather than by invading organisms. Endothelial cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. In this study, we investigated the effects of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a known neutrophil chemoattractant, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by endothelial cells, and its significance in the pathogenesis of LPS‐mediated sepsis. The results revealed that IL‐8 directly induced ROS production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and also mediated LPS‐induced ROS production by HUVECs. Stimulation of HUVECs by LPS strongly enhanced tissue factor expression, a hallmark of severe sepsis, which was suppressed by IL‐8 knockdown. We further discovered that NADPH oxidase (Nox) 1 expression in LPS‐stimulated HUVECs was markedly repressed by IL‐8 knockdown, and Nox1 knockdown reduced tissue factor expression, suggesting that the LPS/IL‐8 signalling in endothelial cells was predominantly mediated by Nox1. In conclusion, LPS stimulation of endothelial cells causes activation of the IL‐8–Nox1 axis, enhances the production of ROS, and ultimately contributes to the progression of severe sepsis.
T regulatory cells control T‐cell proliferation partly by the release of soluble CD25 in patients with B‐cell malignancies
Authors: Lindqvist Camilla A. , Christiansson Lisa H. , Simonsson Bengt , Enblad Gunilla , Olsson‐Strömberg Ulla , Loskog Angelica S. I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInterleukin‐2 (IL‐2) is one of the most studied cytokines driving T‐cell proliferation, activation and survival. It binds to the IL‐2 receptor consisting of three chains, the α (CD25), β and common γ (γc). The binding of the CD25 chain to IL‐2 is necessary to expose high‐affinity binding sites for the β and γc chains, which, in turn, are responsible for downstream signalling. A high level of soluble CD25 (sCD25) has been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The function and source of origin of this soluble receptor is not well investigated. In the present study we hypothesized that T regulatory (Treg) cells may release CD25 to act as a decoy receptor for IL‐2, thereby depriving T‐effector cells of IL‐2. Peripheral blood from patients with B‐cell malignancies (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 27) was investigated for the presence and function of FoxP3+ Treg cells and sCD25 by multi‐colour flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Further, the proliferative capacity of T cells was evaluated with or without the presence of recombinant sCD25. The results demonstrate that Treg cells from patients had lower CD25 expression intensity and that they released CD25 in vitro. Further, high levels of Treg cells correlated with sCD25 plasma concentration. Recombinant sCD25 could suppress T‐cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, the release of sCD25 by Treg cells may be a mechanism to deprive IL‐2 and thereby inhibit anti‐tumour T‐cell responses.
Characterization of cuticular chitin‐binding proteins of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and post‐ecdysial transcript levels at different developmental stages
Authors: Zhang J. , Pelletier Y. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSeven cuticle chitin‐binding proteins (Ld‐CP1v1 to 7) were deduced from antenna cDNAs of adult Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), based on their consensus sequences. The mature proteins consisted of 87–188 residues. Ld‐CP1v1 formed a distinct orthologous protein cluster (OP1) along with four proteins from other insect species in a neighbor‐joining phylogenetic tree. These proteins also contained a proline glutamine‐rich (PQ‐rich) region and a highly conserved C‐terminal motif (Phr). Their consensus region lacked the defined aromatic triad. Ld‐CP2 to 6 clustered with those bearing RR‐1 consensus and Ld‐CP7 with RR‐2 consensus. Ld‐CP1v1 to 4 were expressed at the post‐ecdysial period in all the developmental stages whereas Ld‐CP5 to 7 were expressed mainly in adults.
Analysis of expressed sequence tags for Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips
Authors: Rotenberg D. , Whitfield A. E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThrips are members of the insect order Thysanoptera and Frankliniella occidentalis (the western flower thrips) is the most economically important pest within this order. F. occidentalis is both a direct pest of crops and an efficient vector of plant viruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Despite the world‐wide importance of thrips in agriculture, there is little knowledge of the F. occidentalis genome or gene functions at this time. A normalized cDNA library was constructed from first instar thrips and 13 839 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. Our EST data assembled into 894 contigs and 11 806 singletons (12 700 nonredundant sequences). We found that 31% of these sequences had significant similarity (E≤ 10−10) to protein sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonredundant (nr) protein database, and 25% were functionally annotated using Blast 2GO. We identified 74 sequences with putative homology to proteins associated with insect innate immunity. Sixteen sequences had significant similarity to proteins associated with small RNA‐mediated gene silencing pathways (RNA interference; RNAi), including the antiviral pathway (short interfering RNA‐mediated pathway). Our EST collection provides new sequence resources for characterizing gene functions in F. occidentalis and other thrips species with regards to vital biological processes, studying the mechanism of interactions with the viruses harboured and transmitted by the vector, and identifying new insect gene‐centred targets for plant disease and insect control.