bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Window on the Soul: Four Politicians on Religion and Public Life
Authors: Graham Elaine 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this article I examine public statements about the relationship between private faith and public reason through the pronouncements of four leading politicians: Tony Blair (United Kingdom), Helen Clark (New Zealand), Barack Obama (United States of America) and Kevin Rudd (Australia). Of the four, Blair and Rudd have been most articulate about the way in which their own personal faith-commitments have informed their political motivations, but in doing so both men have had to negotiate a broader cultural suspicion of 'doing God' in public. Whilst religion may be regarded as representing a strong 'moral compass' for a politician, those espousing a religious faith in public also have to contend with public anxieties about religious extremism. Of the other two, I argue that Obama speaks into a more receptive public arena, and that part of his skill has been to tap into a long-standing tradition in American public life which, despite separation of church and state, is more attuned to the casting of political values in religious language. Helen Clark is the only one of the four to identify herself as 'agnostic', yet her support for the 2007 Statement on Religious Diversity signals a new willingness on the part of a political culture that has tended to be 'functionally secular' to embrace the notion of religious faith as a part of healthy civil society. All four examples, therefore, furnish us with insights into different dimensions of the relationship between a politician's personal faith and their public accountability in contemporary western democracies.
The Madres Appear on the Public Plaza de Mayo in Argentina: Towards Human Rights as a Key for a Public eology that Carries on the Liberation Heritage
Authors: Walz Heike 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Madres y Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo are internationally recognized for human rights work in their ongoing campaign for justice for those who disappeared during the most recent dictatorship in Argentina. ey have become the contemporary Argentine symbol for the implementation of human rights in the society. The article examines how they implicitly carry on the liberation theological heritage and have reclaimed the public sphere through: shedding light on the clandestine actions of state terrorism, turning private motherhood political and reconstructing public discourse. Despite such efforts to put memory, truth and justice on the public agenda, a history of impunity made reconciliation difficult in Argentina. The engagement of the Mothers and Grandmothers off ers clues for the continuation of liberation theology as a type of public theology, with human rights as its focus.
The Oscillating Public Sphere: A Response from the US to Linda Hogan's Review Article
Authors: Storrar William 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSince Public Theology for the 21st Century was first published, the world has witnessed the terrorist events of 9/11 and is now experiencing a growing economic crisis. While the contributors to the volume could not have addressed these events specifi cally, the discussions within the book contain valuable analyses of democracy, active citizenship and the notion of social capital that are highly pertinent in the current climate. Public theology must grapple with and adapt to these changed and changing social and political circumstances.
Revisiting Tāhā Husayn's Fī al-Shi'r al-Jāhilī and its sequel
Authors: Ayalon Yaron 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn 1926, Tāhā Husayn published Fī al-shi'r al-jāhilī, a book in which he analyzed the language and style of pre-Islamic poetry, and argued that some poems were written in the Islamic period. A few passages in the work questioning the historicity of the Qur'ān infuriated the religious establishment in Egypt. Accused of blasphemy and threatened to lose his professorship at the Egyptian University, Husayn was summoned before a court that charged and convicted him of apostasy and banned his book from circulation. A year later, he published a presumably softened version of the book under a different title, Fī al-adab al-jāhilī, and the clamor subsided. To date, intellectual historians of Egypt understand the second book as an attempt to appease the 'ulamā', and as part of a shift from western-inspired to Islamic-oriented scholarship that occurred among Egyptian intellectuals during the late 1920's. This article revisits Husayn's two books, and shows that Fī al-adab al-jāhilī was not a milder and slightly-amended version of the first book. Rather, it served as a platform for Husayn to reassert his message and get back at his rivals. Placed in the context of his scholarship at large, this article argues that Husayn remained a passionate advocate of western liberal ideas throughout his career.
The Divine-Human Encounter Towards a Pentecostal Theology of Experience
Authors: Cross Terry 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis address offers preliminary steps toward a theology of experience from a Pentecostal perspective. While not making experience of God the sole basis for theological reflection, this address suggests that too frequently experiences with God the Spirit are allowed no basis for such reflection. Using four doctrinal loci of traditional Christian theology, Cross argues that each locus is deficient without an experiential dimension. The four loci are traditionally expressed in the following Latin phrases: (1) finitum (non) capax infiniti; (2) Christus praesens; (3) unio cum Christo; and (4) internum testimonium Spiritus Sancti. Rather than creating an entirely new theology for Pentecostals, this essay proposes to breathe life into some existing Christian theological formulations by including a reflection on human encounters with the Spirit.
Pentecostal Prayer within the Assemblies of God: An Empirical Study
Authors: Poloma Margaret 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough much has been written on theologies of healing and on evangelist healers, little is known about how pentecostals in the pew pray for healing. After placing a pentecostal understanding of healing within a larger cultural context, the relationship between prayer and healing is explored through a survey of 1827 adherents from 21 Assemblies of God (AG) congregations. The survey data will be used to provide descriptive answers to basic questions about pentecostal healing in America, including: (1) to what extent do pentecostals claim experiences of divine healing; (2) what are the socio-demographic traits related to its practice within the AG; (3) how are personal reports of divine healing related to different forms of personal prayer; and (4) what is the relationship between prayer and healing prayer experiences and being used as an instrument of healing for others. The outcome of statistical analyses using key variables strongly suggests that prophetic prayer is a leading factor in accounting for differences in reported healing experiences.
Toward an Indigenous Model of Native American Ministry within the Assemblies of God
Authors: Saggio Joseph 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article chronicles the historical missiological development of the Assemblies of God USA with regard to Native American ministry from its early roots characterized primarily by a missions-driven model toward the emergence of a more indigenous-driven model that first became evident in the late 1940s. Although the missions-driven model is far from being a fait accompli, the vision of far-sighted missionaries and indigenous leadership has brought enormous progress since the early twentieth century. This article examines the early development of indigenous ministry from 1950 to 1987 and then reviews developments from 1988 up to the present time. The final section of the article focuses specifically on ongoing challenges to developing indigenous ministry among Native Americans.
The Politics of the Child's Right to Identity in a Disability-Free Society
Authors: Sabatello Maya 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe essay examines the legal and moral implications of pre-natal genetic selection of disability in the context of children. I build on scholarly literature on the politics of identity and of culture to explore whether scientific developments prompt a child's "right to a sound mind and body." I consider this question in light of international human rights standards, including the recent European Conventions on Human Rights and Biomedicine, and particularly, the child's right to identity. I propose a new dual model to evaluate such biomedical decisions from a child-centred approach. What is the interplay between the parental right to reproductive freedom and the rights of the child? Where are the children themselves configured in these developments? How can such biomedical decisions be translated into the child's voice? And to what extent do such scientific techniques correspond to the recognition of children under the International Convention on the Rights of the Child as social agents in their own right?
Preservation of the Child's Background in In- and Intercountry Adoption
Authors: Johansson Shruti , Lind Judith 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe point of departure of the present article is the child's right to preservation of her/his ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic background in adoption, as stipulated in the CRC and the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption. The article seeks to analyse the various meanings attributed to preservation of the child's background in in- and intercountry adoption and in different national contexts. The main focus is on the seldom-studied perspective of one of the major sending countries in intercountry adoption: India. Five representatives of two non-governmental adoption agencies and one governmental agency in addition to six Indian adoptive parents have been interviewed about their views on the significance of the child's background in adoption. In our analysis, we show that preservation of a child's background is perceived to be in conflict with other interests of the child, such as gaining a position in her/his adoptive family equal to that of a biological child and being loved unconditionally. In contrast to the general portrayal of Indian adoption applicants as being selective regarding the child's religious background and skin colour, agency representatives as well as adoptive parents endeavoured to distinguish themselves from this portrayal by emphasizing the irrelevance of the child's background.
The Role of Birth Certificates in Relation to Access to Biographical and Genetic History in Donor Conception
Authors: Jones Caroline , Frith Lucy , Blyth Eric , Speirs Jennifer 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn 1984, among its recommendations for the regulation of assisted conception services in the UK, the Warnock Committee proposed that the birth certificate of a donor-conceived person should record the fact of donor conception. While this proposal was never implemented, over twenty years later, a Joint Committee of the House of Lords and House of Commons recommended the use of birth certificates as a means of enabling donor–conceived persons to learn the nature of their conception. In response, the Government has committed to review the role of birth certificates. This paper represents an initial contribution to this exercise. It provides an overview of the legislative, policy and practice context of disclosure of donor conception, outlines arguments against and in favour of potential changes to birth certificates, and describes and critiques current propositions for revising birth certification. The paper concludes that there is a case for revising birth certificates and outlines a workable model to promote disclosure without compromising privacy concerns.
Multiyear Evaluations of a Cloud Model Using ARM Data
Authors: Henderson Peter W. , Pincus Robert 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This work uses long-term lidar and radar retrievals of the vertical structure of cloud at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program’s Southern Great Plains site to evaluate cloud occurrence in multiyear runs of a cloud system–resolving model in three configurations of varying resolution and sophistication. The model is nudged to remain near the observed thermodynamic state and model fields are processed to mimic the operation of the observing system. The model’s skill in predicting cloud occurrence is evaluated using both traditional performance measures that assume ergodicity and probabilistic measures that do not require temporal averaging of the observations.
The model shows considerable skill in predicting cloud occurrence when its thermodynamic state is close to that observed. The overall bias in modeled cloud occurrence is relatively small in all model runs, suggesting that this field is relatively well calibrated. The Brier scores attained by all configurations also suggest considerable model skill. Greater differences in performance are found between seasons than between model configurations during the same season, despite substantial differences between the computational costs of the configurations. Several significant seasonal dependencies are identified, most notably greater conditional bias, but better timing, of boundary layer cloud in winter, and substantially less conditional bias in high cloud during summer.
A Statistical Forecast Model for Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity Based on the NCEP Dynamical Seasonal Forecast
Authors: Wang Hui , Schemm Jae-Kyung E. , Kumar Arun , Wang Wanqiu , Long Lindsey , Chelliah Muthuvel , Bell Gerald D. , Peng Peitao 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A hybrid dynamical–statistical model is developed for predicting Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity. The model is built upon the empirical relationship between the observed interannual variability of hurricanes and the variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and vertical wind shear in 26-yr (1981–2006) hindcasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS).
The number of Atlantic hurricanes exhibits large year-to-year fluctuations and an upward trend over the 26 yr. The latter is characterized by an inactive period prior to 1995 and an active period afterward. The interannual variability of the Atlantic hurricanes significantly correlates with the CFS hindcasts for August–October (ASO) SSTs and vertical wind shear in the tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic where CFS also displays skillful forecasts for the two variables. In contrast, the hurricane trend shows less of a correlation to the CFS-predicted SSTs and vertical wind shear in the two tropical regions. Instead, it strongly correlates with observed preseason SSTs in the far North Atlantic. Based on these results, three potential predictors for the interannual variation of seasonal hurricane activity are constructed by averaging SSTs over the tropical Pacific (TPCF; 5°S–5°N, 170°E–130°W) and the Atlantic hurricane main development region (MDR; 10°–20°N, 20°–80°W), respectively, and vertical wind shear over the MDR, all of which are from the CFS dynamical forecasts for the ASO season. In addition, two methodologies are proposed to better represent the long-term trend in the number of hurricanes. One is the use of observed preseason SSTs in the North Atlantic (NATL; 55°–65°N, 30°–60°W) as a predictor for the hurricane trend, and the other is the use of a step function that breaks up the hurricane climatology into a generally inactive period (1981–94) and a very active period (1995–2006). The combination of the three predictors for the interannual variation, along with the two methodologies for the trend, is explored in developing an empirical forecast system for Atlantic hurricanes.
A cross validation of the hindcasts for the 1981–2006 hurricane seasons suggests that the seasonal hurricane forecast with the TPCF SST as the only CFS predictor is more skillful in inactive hurricane seasons, while the forecast with only the MDR SST is more skillful in active seasons. The forecast using both predictors gives better results. The most skillful forecast uses the MDR vertical wind shear as the only CFS predictor. A comparison with forecasts made by other statistical models over the 2002–07 seasons indicates that this hybrid dynamical–statistical forecast model is competitive with the current statistical forecast models.
Study of the Lateral Boundary Condition Temporal Resolution Problem and a Proposed Solution by Means of Boundary Error Restarts
Authors: Termonia Piet , Deckmyn Alex , Hamdi Rafiq 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
To properly utilize coupled limited-area models (LAMs), the time scales of the cross-boundary fluxes in the available lateral boundary data must be assessed. In current operational practice, the update frequencies of these data are usually determined by common sense guesswork and by technical constraints. This paper quantifies the required temporal resolution of the lateral boundary conditions. For a mesoscale LAM it is concluded that in standard forecast cases, coupling updates of about 3 h are sufficient. However, in rare cases of severe storms, this can lead to errors in the coupling data of about 10 hPa. To avoid such errors, it is found that one should update the coupling fields with the period given by the time step of the model that provides the coupling data. However, in most existing operational applications this is not feasible. For those cases, it is shown that the forecast can be substantially improved by restarting the model run at a forecast range when the storm has entered the domain. The proper restart time can be detected in an operational suite by an existing strategy of monitoring the coupling update frequency. Additionally, it is argued that the forecast should then be initialized by a scale-selective digital filter.
Delayed achievement of cytogenetic and molecular response is associated with increased risk of progression among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in early chronic phase receiving high-dose or standard-dose imatinib therapy
Authors: Quintás-Cardama Alfonso , Kantarjian Hagop , Jones Dan , Shan Jianqin , Borthakur Gautam , Thomas Deborah , Kornblau Steven , O'Brien Susan , Cortes Jorge 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPatients not in complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) continuously face the competing possibilities of eventually achieving a cytogenetic response versus progressing. We analyzed the probability of achieving a CCyR, major molecular response, and progression in 258 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in early chronic phase at 3, 6, and 12 months from imatinib start. The initial imatinib dose was 800 mg/day in 208 (81%) and 400 mg/day in 50 (19%) patients. For patients not in CCyR, the probability of achieving CCyR (P = .002) or major molecular response (P = .004) significantly decreased, whereas the risk of progression increased (P = .16) at each time point. Patients with a BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratio greater than 1% to 10% after 3 months of imatinib had a 92% probability of achieving CCyR with continued therapy, similar to the 98% for those with 1% or less, but their risk of progression (11%) was almost 3-fold that of patients with a BCR-ABL1/ABL1 transcript ratio of 1% or less (4%) and similar to that of patients with transcript levels more than 10% (13%). These results suggest that patients not in CCyR after 12 months on imatinib have a higher risk of progression. This risk is discernible as early as 3 months into imatinib therapy by molecular analysis and may provide the rationale to institute therapies that render higher rates of early response.
Invariant natural killer T cell–natural killer cell interactions dictate transplantation outcome after α-galactosylceramide administration
Authors: Kuns Rachel D. , Morris Edward S. , MacDonald Kelli P. A. , Markey Kate A. , Morris Helen M. , Raffelt Neil C. , Banovic Tatjana , Don Alistair L. J. , Rowe Vanessa , Burman Angela C. , Clouston Andrew D. , Farah Camile , Besra Gurdyal S. , Illarionov Petr A. , Smyth Mark J. , Porcelli Steven A. , Hill Geoffrey R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) have pivotal roles in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. iNKT cells are activated through their T-cell receptors by glycolipid moieties (typically the α-galactosylceramide [α-GalCer] derivative KRN7000) presented within CD1d. We investigated the ability of modified α-GalCer molecules to differentially modulate alloreactivity and GVL. KRN7000 and the N-acyl variant, C20:2, were administered in multiple well-established murine models of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The highly potent and specific activation of all type I NKT cells with C20:2 failed to exacerbate and in most settings inhibited GVHD late after transplantation, whereas effects on GVL were variable. In contrast, the administration of KRN7000 induced hyperacute GVHD and early mortality in all models tested. Administration of KRN7000, but not C20:2, was found to result in downstream interleukin (IL)-12 and dendritic cell (DC)–dependent natural killer (NK)– and conventional T-cell activation. Specific depletion of host DCs, IL-12, or donor NK cells prevented this pathogenic response and the induction of hyperacute GVHD. These data demonstrate the ability of profound iNKT activation to modulate both the innate and adaptive immune response via the DC–NK-cell interaction and raise concern for the use of α-GalCer therapeutically to modulate GVHD and GVL effects.
Rational combined targeting of phosphodiesterase 4B and SYK in DLBCL
Authors: Kim Sang-Woo , Rai Deepak , McKeller Morgan R. , Aguiar Ricardo C. T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIdentification of rational therapeutic targets is an important strategy to improve the cure rate of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We previously showed that inhibition of the phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) unleashes cyclic-AMP (cAMP) inhibitory effects toward the PI3K/AKT pathway and induces apoptosis. These data raised important considerations as to which upstream regulators mediate cAMP inhibition of PI3K/AKT, and how identifying this signaling route could be translated into clinical initiatives. We found that in normal and malignant B cells, cAMP potently inhibit the phosphorylation and activity of the tyrosine kinase SYK. Using genetic models of gain- and loss-of-function, we demonstrated the essential role for PDE4B in controlling these effects in DLBCL. Furthermore, we used a constitutively active SYK mutant to confirm its central role in transducing cAMP effects to PI3K/AKT. Importantly, given SYK credentials as a therapeutic target in B-cell tumors, we explored the role of PDE4B in these responses. In multiple DLBCL models, we found that genetically, hence specifically, inhibiting PDE4B expression significantly improved the efficacy of SYK inhibitors. Our data defined a hitherto unknown role for cAMP in negatively regulating SYK and indicate that combined inhibition of PDE4B and SYK should be actively pursued.
Estimating accuracy of RNA-Seq and microarrays with proteomics
Authors: Fu Xing , Fu Ning , Guo Song , Yan Zheng , Xu Ying , Hu Hao , Menzel Corinna , Chen Wei , Li Yixue , Zeng Rong , Khaitovich Philipp 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Microarrays revolutionized biological research by enabling gene expression comparisons on a transcriptome-wide scale. Microarrays, however, do not estimate absolute expression level accurately. At present, high throughput sequencing is emerging as an alternative methodology for transcriptome studies. Although free of many limitations imposed by microarray design, its potential to estimate absolute transcript levels is unknown.

Results
In this study, we evaluate relative accuracy of microarrays and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) using third methodology: proteomics. We find that RNA-Seq provides a better estimate of absolute expression levels.

Conclusion
Our result shows that in terms of overall technical performance, RNA-Seq is the technique of choice for studies that require accurate estimation of absolute transcript levels.