bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution simulation of a major West African dust‐storm: comparison with observations and investigation of dust impact
Authors: Kocha C. , Lafore J.‐P. , Tulet P. , Seity Y. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study focuses on the radiative impacts of dust on the thermodynamics and dynamics of a major Saharan dust‐storm that occurred between 7 and 15 March 2006. The implementation of a dust module within the convective‐scale operational model AROME permitted a 10‐day simulation at high resolution (5 km) over a large domain (6.5–30°N; 3°W–33°E). The model is able to represent most of the life cycle of this dust‐storm and of the principal dust sources. According to the comparison with a complete and comprehensive set of measurements obtained within the framework of the AMMA field campaign in 2006, the simulation succeeds in representing the main thermodynamic and radiative features of the storm both qualitatively and quantitatively. As compared with a simulation without the dust, the coupling with the dust module provides signatures of the storm that are in better agreement with radiation and temperature observations. The intense heating in the core of the dust plume (more than 2°C) resulted in a large vertical dipole of potential vorticity anomaly with higher values at low levels and weaker values at mid levels, either in the lower and the upper part of the dust plume respectively. This shows that the coupling with dust reinforces the intensity of the cold extratropical outbreak with more ascent at the cold front, more cyclonic convergence near the surface, and more anticyclonic divergence aloft. Also, the subsidence is increased at the rear of the outbreak with more northerly winds. A major result is the acceleration of the easterly along‐front flow (∼3 m s−1) at low levels and in the African Easterly Jet, increasing the emission of dust and its westward long‐range transport. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Multistep conformational interconversion mechanism of cyclododecane. A simple and fast analysis using potential energy curves
Authors: Saavedra Edgardo J. , Andujar Sebastian A. , Suvire Fernando D. , Zamora Miguel A. , Freile Monica L. , Enriz Ricardo D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn ab initio and Density Functional Theory (DFT) study of the conformational properties of cyclododecane was carried out. The energetically preferred equilibrium structures, their relative stability, and some of the transition state (TS) structures involved in the conformational interconversion pathways were analyzed from RHF/6‐31G(d), B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6311++G(d,p) calculations. Aug‐cc‐pVDZ//B3LYP/6311++G(d,p) single point calculations predict that the multistep conformational interconversion mechanism requires 11.07 kcal/mol, which is in agreement with the available experimental data. These results allow us to form a concise idea about the internal intricacies of the preferred forms of cyclododecane, describing the conformations as well as the conformational interconversion processes in the conformational potential energy hypersurface. Our results indicated that performing an exhaustive analysis of the potential energy curves connecting the most representative conformations is a valid alternate tool to determine the principal conformational interconversion paths for cyclododecane. This methodology represents a satisfactory first approximation for the conformational analysis of medium‐ and large‐size flexible cyclic compounds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Robust model‐based fault detection and isolation for nonlinear processes using sliding modes
Authors: Castillo Iván , Edgar Thomas F. , Fernández Benito R. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a robust fault detection and isolation system for nonlinear processes that can be formulated as differential algebraic equations. For open‐loop stable or closed‐loop stabilized systems that operate under strict nonlinear detectability conditions, a methodology to design a nonlinear state estimator based on sliding mode theory was proposed. The extended observer can handle both parameter estimation and parameters with uncertainties. As a result, the state estimator is able to follow the faulty system, detecting faults by examining changes in the controlled outputs with respect to setpoint and then probing variations in the parameters estimated. Once the fault has occurred, the isolation mechanism uses the information provided from the state estimator, generated from recovery actions in the presence of a fault. These differences from normal operation trends can be derived through statistical analysis and then can be used to identify faults. A steam generator system was used to validate this approach, where process faults were considered. The proposed robust fault detection and isolation method shows significant advantages when applied to nonlinear model systems with parameter uncertainties or with complex nonlinearities. The complex nonlinearities can be simplified with algebraic nonlinear functions that have bounded uncertainties in their parameters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive aspirations: performance consequences of risk preferences at extremes and alternative reference groups
Authors: Hu Songcui , Blettner Daniela , Bettis Richard A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGoals or aspirations and their relationships to risk taking and performance are important issues in both psychology and strategic management. The concept of adaptive aspirations, as discussed in Cyert and March's Behavioral Theory of the Firm, has long been a topic of interest in both fields. Moreover, many studies in strategy have focused on risk and/or extreme performance. In the current paper, we build on earlier models of adaptive aspirations. We introduce into the models a new risk preference function that incorporates changes in risk preference at extremes of performance. Based on empirical studies and the managerial literature, we also introduce alternative strategies for setting reference groups. Simulations of the resulting models suggest important differences in outcomes from earlier studies and this invites further empirical investigation. These simulations also have significant implications for managerial goal setting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational heuristics: the ‘simple rules’ that strategists learn from process experience
Authors: Bingham Christopher B. , Eisenhardt Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhile much research indicates that organizational processes are learned from experiences, surprisingly little is known about what is actually learned. Using a novel method to measure explicit learning, we track the learned content of six technology‐based ventures from three diverse countries as they internationalize. The emergent theoretical framework indicates that firms learn heuristics. These heuristics have a common structure centered on opportunity capture and are learned in a specific developmental order. This results in a deliberately small, yet increasingly strategic, portfolio of heuristics. Broadly, we contribute to the psychological foundations of strategy by highlighting the rationality of heuristics as strategy, capability creation as the cognitive transition from novice to expert heuristics, and simplification cycling as a critical dynamic capability for sustaining competitive advantage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beginning secondary science teacher induction: A two‐year mixed methods study
Authors: Luft Julie A. , Firestone Jonah B. , Wong Sissy S. , Ortega Ira , Adams Krista , Bang EunJin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThose who study secondary science teachers are often concerned with preservice or in‐service teacher development. Science teacher educators have acknowledged that this focus is limited, as the induction years of beginning teachers are an important component of teacher development. This mixed methods study focuses on the induction years of beginning content specialists, with the intention of adding to the literature in this underexamined area. The secondary science teachers in this study were followed during their first and second year of teaching in order to understand the changes in their beliefs, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and practices as a group, and as they participated in different induction programs. Analysis by induction program revealed that first year teachers who participated in science specific induction programs strengthened their beliefs, PCK, and practices. By the end of the second year, regardless of program, most of the teachers shared similar beliefs and PCK. However, the teachers in the science specific induction programs continued to enact more interactive learning environments that had more investigations and laboratories than did their peers in the other induction programs. For those who work with beginning science teachers, this study suggests that the induction of science specialists is an important area of work. It also explores the complex process of induction, and calls for more research into how beginning secondary science teachers learn and what types of induction experiences can best support beginning science teachers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1199–1224, 2011
The politics of teaching evolution, science education standards, and Being a creationist
Authors: Long David E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper analyzes recent research conclusions regarding biology teacher attitudes toward evolution, and the variable implementation of evolution in the high schools nationwide. Berkman and Plutzer (2010. Evolution, creationism, and the battle to control America's classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press) conclude that due to a large portion of high school biology teachers compromising or downplaying evolution in the curriculum, the placement of evolution specific courses in biology teacher preparation programs will steer evolution deniers away from the field. In this paper, such arguments are situated in a larger historical and philosophical context of science education. By discussing recent sociological insight into the religiosity of education majors and education faculty, new questions are raised about student and teacher ontology, what this means for understanding science, the politics of science teacher education programs, and the epistemological and ethical limits of science education standards to dissolve Creationism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 122–139, 2012
Diagnostic study and meta‐analysis of C‐reactive protein as a predictor of postoperative inflammatory complications after pancreatic surgery
Authors: Warschkow Rene , Ukegjini Kristjan , Tarantino Ignazio , Steffen Thomas , Müller Sascha A. , Schmied Bruno M. , Marti Lukas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurposeAlthough C‐reactive protein (CRP) can be measured by a standard blood test, its diagnostic value for distinguishing patients with inflammatory complications after pancreatic surgery from patients with normal postoperative inflammatory responses has not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CRP levels for the occurrence of postoperative inflammatory complications after pancreatic surgery.MethodsClinical data and CRP levels measured in 280 patients after pancreatic surgeries (performed between 1998 and 2010) until postoperative day 10 (POD 10) were retrospectively analyzed. Using the receiver operating characteristic method, diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by an area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Furthermore, the results of the present study were compared to previously published reports by applying diagnostic meta‐analysis techniques.ResultsThe 30‐day mortality rate was 3.9% (95% CI 2.1—7.0%). Inflammatory complications occurred in 153 of 280 patients (54.6%; 95% CI 48.8—60.4%). On POD 4, the AUC was 0.67 (95% CI 0.58—0.76). The highest diagnostic accuracy was observed on POD 7 (AUC 0.77; 95% CI 0.68—0.85). In a diagnostic meta‐analysis that included two additional studies, the diagnostic sensitivity on POD 4 was 0.63 (95% CI 0.50—0.76), and the specificity was 0.79 (95% CI 0.71—0.88). The highest sensitivity occurred on POD 6 (0.75; 95% CI 0.68—0.82). Considerable statistical heterogeneity was observed in the analysis of PODs 3, 4 and 5.ConclusionAccording to this limited evidence, CRP levels had a low to moderate diagnostic accuracy. Large, blinded studies are warranted for a more precise estimation of CRP's diagnostic value.
Standard versus extended lymphadenectomy in radical pancreatoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas
Authors: Nimura Yuji , Nagino Masato , Takao Sonshin , Takada Tadahiro , Miyazaki Koji , Kawarada Yoshifumi , Miyagawa Shuichi , Yamaguchi Akihiro , Ishiyama Shuichi , Takeda Yutaka , Sakoda Kourou , Kinoshita Taira , Yasui Kenzo , Shimada Hiroshi , Katoh Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe value of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) with extended lymphadenectomy for pancreatic cancer has been evaluated by many retrospective studies and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCT). However, the protocols used and the results found in the 3 RCTs were diverse. Therefore, a multicenter RCT was proposed in 1998 to evaluate the primary end point of long‐term survival and the secondary end points of morbidity, mortality and quality of life of patients undergoing standard versus extended lymphadenectomy in radical PD for pancreatic cancer.MethodsFrom March 2000 to May 2003, 112 patients with potentially curable pancreatic head cancer were enrolled and intraoperatively randomized to a standard or extended lymphadenectomy group. No resected patients received any adjuvant treatments.ResultsA hundred and one eligible patients were analyzed. Demographic and histopathological characteristics of the two groups were similar. The mean operating time, intraoperative blood loss and number of retrieved lymph nodes were greater in the extended group, but the other operative results were comparable.ConclusionsAlthough this multicenter RCT was conducted in a strict setting, extended lymphadenectomy in radical PD did not benefit long‐term survival in patients with resectable pancreatic head cancer and led to levels of morbidity, mortality and quality of life comparable to those found after standard lymphadenectomy.
Talking about Disability in Prenatal Genetic Counseling: A Report of Two Interactive Workshops
Authors: Hodgson Jan , Weil Jon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWomen are commonly offered testing in pregnancy to determine the health of their baby. An important component of informed decision‐making about prenatal testing is provision of relevant, accurate, meaningful information concerning the conditions that are being tested for—many of which, such as Down syndrome, are associated with a varying degree of physical and intellectual disability. A range of health professionals, including genetic counselors, may provide information and support throughout the testing process, but available data suggest that discussion of disability is frequently absent or limited. To investigate genetic counselors’ perceptions of this situation and identify potential barriers to discussion we facilitated interactive workshops at the 2007 National Society of Genetic Counselors Annual Education Conference (NSGC) and the 2008 European Meeting on Psychosocial Aspects of Genetics (EMPAG). Working groups identified relevant psychosocial issues and impediments to discussion (NSGC) or used a two‐part scenario to promote discussion (EMPAG) and reported findings in notes and a closing plenary discussion. Inductive content analysis revealed that participants considered informed decision making to be a major reason for presenting information about disabilities in prenatal genetic counseling and endorsed the value of including information about daily life with Down syndrome and other disabilities. However, they identified three broad types of impediments to such discussion: counseling issues concerning the most appropriate manner to discuss disability under the complex circumstances of prenatal genetic counseling, less than optimal training and experience in addressing these issues, and perceived limitations in the participants’ knowledge and understanding of life with disability. Our analysis of the responses from the workshop participants and additional thoughts on these issues have led us to develop recommendations for further research, training and clinical practice.
Hyperphagia and depression‐like behavior by adolescence social isolation in female rats
Authors: Jahng Jeong Won , Yoo Sang Bae , Ryu Vitaly , Lee Jong‐Ho 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the effects of adolescence social isolation on food intake and psycho‐emotional behaviors of female rats. Female littermates were either single‐caged (social isolation) or group‐caged (control) from postnatal day 28, and then subjected to behavioral sessions during postnatal day 50–53. Body weight gain of the isolates was accelerated during the experimental period and food intake was persistently greater than group‐caged controls from postnatal day 35. Isolated females showed a selective increase in cookie intake when they had additional cookie access to standard chow. The isolates exhibited hyperactivity with increased ambulatory counts and rearings during the activity test as compared with group‐caged controls. Behavioral scores of the elevated plus maze test did not differ between the isolates and group‐caged controls; however, immobility time during the forced swim test was significantly increased in the isolates. Basal levels of plasma corticosterone were elevated, but the corticosterone increase responding to an acute stress was blunted, in the isolates compared with group‐caged ones. Results suggest that adolescence social isolation induces hyperphagia and depression‐like behaviors in female rats and a tonic increase of plasma corticosterone may be implicated in its underlying mechanisms.
Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the exposure to chronic restraint or variable stress in early adolescent rats
Authors: Cruz Fábio C. , Marin Marcelo T. , Leão Rodrigo M. , Planeta Cleopatra S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStress events during adolescence may contribute to the expression or exacerbation of physical and behavioral disorders. However, little attention has been given to the physiological and behavioral changes promoted by stress during this period of ontogeny. In the present study we investigated, in adolescent male rats, the effects of repeated exposure to restraint or variable stress on: (a) locomotor activity and corticosterone levels after exposure to a novel environment; (b) corticosterone levels in response to the exposure to restraint stress; and (c) changes in body, thymus and adrenal weights. The results demonstrated that repeated exposure to restraint or variable stress reduced the locomotor response, but did not affect corticosterone secretion, in response to a novel environment. Moreover, both chronic stress procedures did not change corticosterone secretion in response to acute restraint stress. Furthermore, our results showed that repeated restraint, but not variable stress, produced a decrease in body weight along the stress exposure. Finally, we observed that the exposure to variable stress reduced the thymus relative weight. Taken together our results suggest that behavioral and physiological changes induced by exposure to chronic stress during adolescence depend on the stress regimen.
A novel gene–environment interaction involved in endometriosis
Authors: McCarty Catherine A. , Berg Richard L. , Welter Joseph D. , Kitchner Terrie E. , Kemnitz Joseph W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a well‐defined cohort for genetic epidemiology studies of endometriosis and conduct a pilot study to confirm validity using existing data associated with endometriosis.MethodsBetween January and May 2010, a nested cohort within a population‐based biobank was established in Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA. The inclusion criteria were women who had laparoscopy or hysterectomy. Fifty‐one pleiotropic genetic polymorphisms and other established risk factors, such as smoking status and body mass index, were compared between endometriosis cases and controls.ResultsFrom the existing biobank, 796 cases and 501 controls were identified, and 259 women with endometriosis were enrolled specifically for the nested cohort within this biobank. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the MMP1 gene significantly differed between cases and controls only when stratified by smoking status. Minor allele frequency was higher in control women who smoked than in women with endometriosis who smoked (55.5% versus 45.5%, χ2 = 8.2, P = 0.017); the inverse relationship was found in non‐smoker control women.ConclusionsWomen with endometriosis were successfully recruited to participate in a general biobank, and a novel gene–environment interaction was identified. The findings suggest that important potential genetic associations may be missed if gene–environment interactions with known epidemiologic risk factors are not considered.
Divine hiddenness as divine mercy
Authors: DUMSDAY TRAVIS 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIf God exists, why isn't His existence more apparent? In recent analytic philosophy this longstanding question has been developed into an argument for atheism typically referred to as the ‘problem of divine hiddenness’. My goal here is to put forward a new reply. The basic idea is that there is some reason to think that for many of us, our moral conduct would not improve even if God's existence were not subject to doubt. However, immoral conduct in such a state of affairs would be even more immoral, and hence justly subject to greater punishment, than it is in a state of affairs in which God's existence is subject to doubt. As such, God mercifully remains ‘hidden’ in order to limit our moral culpability.
A sonar ring with continuous matched filtering and dynamically switched templates
Authors: Browne Damien C. , Kleeman Lindsay 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYMatched filtering optimally estimates the arrival time for a sonar sensor by correlating received signals with templates. This paper presents a sonar ring with continuous matched filtering on 48 receiver channels sampled at 500kHz. The design dynamically switches the matched filter templates to account for pulse shape variations with range. To achieve real-time, low-latency and optimal performance, processing is implemented on an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) transmitting sonar pulses (2 periods of a 45kHz sine wave) at repetition rate of 30-Hz to 5.7-m range. The paper describes the removal of secondary peaks of the correlation output of matched filtering and template selection. Results include sonar maps, accuracy measurements and localization of weak targets.
Operaen abyme: The prodigious ritual of Korngold'sDie tote Stadt
Authors: Cheng William 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis essay frames Erich Wolfgang Korngold'sDie tote Stadt(1920) as amise-en-abymenarrative containing four nested realms of diegesis: (1) the opera's ‘real’ world, (2) a prolonged dream sequence, (3) a dance troupe's rehearsal of an opera within that dream, and (4) an expressly requested baritone song performed by a ‘Pierrot’ character in the midst of that dreamt rehearsal. I conceptualise the opera's dense meta-theatrics as a reflexive celebration (and also a didactic warning against the escapist pleasures) of sung spectacle. Excerpts from my interviews with Inga Levant – director of the 2001 Strasbourg production ofDie tote Stadt– are used to supplement my broader examination of the ways in which Korngold's reputation as a ‘problemless’ and ‘apolitical’ child prodigy has impacted critical, dramaturgical and hermeneutical orientations towards this opera since its earliest post-war performances.