bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield and Growth Duration of Maroon rice landraces measured in traditional settings
Authors: Pinas Nicholaas , Awie Jerry R. Tjoe , Dongstra R. Evanne , Maat Harro , Schranz M. Eric , de Loosdrecht Marieke van , Andel Tinde van 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Rice, the most consumed cereal worldwide, has two domesticated species: Asian and African rice. Commercial cultivars, almost all Asian rice, are mostly selected for high yields. Traditional landraces are often selected for different traits, such as time to maturity or resistance against common stress factors, including bird attacks and poor soils. Maroons, descendants of enslaved Africans in Suriname and French Guiana, cultivate a rich diversity of rice landraces. They categorize landraces into short, medium, and long-maturation varieties and maintain that fast-ripening crops with moderate yields facilitated their flight from enslavement, while once settled in a safe place, there was time for landraces with longer ripening periods and higher yields. Previous authors assumed that all Maroon landraces had low yields (700–1000 kg/ha), but their performance in traditional farming systems has not been studied. We followed the growth and harvest of 28 Maroon rice landraces and two commercial cultivars in Maroon farmer fields, using traditional farming methods, at three locations. We show that, in farmer-managed fields, Maroon rice can yield 2600 kg/ha (average 1665 kg/ha), without any agrochemicals or machinery. Contrastingly, the commercial cultivars on the Maroon farmer fields had a low yield (625–1205 kg/ha), partly due to bird predation. The maturation time varied between 110 to 183 days, but the three Maroon maturation categories showed significant overlap. Our study indicates that Maroon rice performance can only be fairly evaluated if measurements are taken in traditional Maroon farming systems since this is the environment in which the varieties were originally selected.
Silicon-on-sapphire slot waveguide based evanescent field absorption sensor for detection of trace gases in mid IR
Authors: Joshi Karishma , Meena Bharat Lal , Gehlot Kanchan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The design of a novel CMOS-compatible evanescent field gas sensor based on a silicon-on-sapphire slot waveguide is proposed for sensing trace gases in the mid-infrared. A detailed numerical study is carried out to obtain the optimum design parameters and determine the detection efficiency of the sensor for four examples of trace gases: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ammonia, and methane gas by operating the waveguide sensor at their characteristic absorption wavelengths of 2.76 \textmu m, 2.86 \textmu m, 3.00 \textmu m, and 3.31 \textmu m, respectively. A high evanescent field ratio of the order of 50\(%\), small waveguide length ranging from 0.75 cm to 1.36 cm, and a detection limit down to a few tens of ppb have been obtained for the optimized sensor design for all four gases. The high sensitivity, low detection limit, small footprint and CMOS compatibility of the proposed sensor make it suitable for on-chip applications.
Systematic Surveillance and Meta-Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance and Food Sources from India and Taiwan
Authors: K Himanshu , Mukherjee Riya , Kaur Kirtanjot , Ahmad Saheem , Raj V. Samuel , Pandey Ramendra Pati , Chang Chung-Ming , K Gunjan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Human exposure to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through food is now very imperfectly understood, creating a significant gap in the design of interventions. The interchange of AMR genes and the transfer of AMR bacteria from animals to humans through the food chain necessitate comprehensive methods to risk reduction. With a focus on AMR in bacterial species isolated from food products, foods (of both animal and non-animal origin), and ambient samples, the current meta-analysis gathered up-to-date information on the epidemiology of AMR in animal-source food chain. As a result, the combined prevalence of AMR across the various food sources was calculated. From the 18,784 food samples obtained as a result of selected publications, 7,676 (40.9%) samples were contaminated, including 4343 (56.6%) and 3363 (43.4%) samples from Taiwan and India, respectively. Meat (chicken, pork, and beef), fish and milk all have moderate to medium potential for AMR exposure to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative foodborne pathogens such S. aureus, Clostridium, E. coli, Salmonella, etc. Antibiotic resistance to β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, carbapenem etc, is present in the majority of food samples. The results of this study emphasize the persistent danger of antimicrobial residue in animal-derived foods in Taiwan, India, and other nations with comparable customs.
Colorectal cancer prognosed to advanced stage and its associated factors in oncologic unit of Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Jibat Abebe Bekele , Fissha Yonas , Tegegne Belachew , Edmealem Afework 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The progression of colorectal cancer to an advanced stage makes its prognosis more difficult and further magnifies the health burden associated with the disease. In spite of this fact, the magnitude of colorectal cancer, which is prognosed at an advanced stage, and the associated factors are not well studied in Northeast Ethiopia.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 354 selected patients from March 20, 2018 to March 20, 2023, using the lottery method. Data collectors collected data by reviewing a medical chart using a data abstraction chart. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were applied. Variables with P < 0.25 in bivariable analysis were candidates for multivariable analysis. Variables whose P value is less than 0.05 in multivariable analysis were considered as statistically associated factors.
Result: The magnitude of colorectal cancer case that were prognosed to at an advanced stage was 83.3%. Being aged (AOR = 6.1; 95% CI: 2.5–14.9), living at rural area (AOR = 6.6, 95% CI: (2–21)), not medically insured (AOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 2.3–19.9), delayed to visit a health facility (AOR = 5.5; 95% CI: (2.2–13.8)), delayed to seek treatment after being diagnosed (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: (1.1–8.4).), and poor adherence to treatment (AOR = 6.9; 95% CI: (2.1-22.6) were factors associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer to advanced stage presentation.
Conclusion: In this study, magnitude of colorectal cancer prognosed to advanced stage was high. Being aged, rural residency, not medically insured, delay in health facility visit, delay in seeking treatment after diagnosed and poor adherence to treatment were significantly associated with prognosis of colorectal cancer to advanced stage presentation. Especial follow up of the rural community, expanding medical insurance, and improving treatment adherence are strategies that delay the prognosis of colorectal cancer to advanced stage.
Phytosociological analysis on tree diversity in Remuna block, Balasore, Odisha, focusing on its biomass, major macronutrients, and carbon stocks
Authors: MUDULI BAISHNAB CHARAN , Sahoo Netajee Tapas Kumar , Dhall Subhadarshani 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Global climate changes, habitat loss, and reduction of biodiversity are significant threats demanding an investigation into the relationship between tree diversity and human well-being to maintain biodiversity and carbon stock. Tree species diversity was studied to comprehend concurrent variation in the phyto-sociological analysis, biomass, carbon stock changes, and five major macronutrient contents in the tropical moist deciduous area of Remuna block, Balasore, Odisha, India. A total of 30 sample plots (20 x 20 metres) were laid that included 422 tree individuals of 39 species belonging to 33 genera and 17 families. The Fabaceae family was the most dominant, with 11 species. The dominant tree species was Shorea robusta with an important value of index (IVI) of 61.48. Some of the dominant species that contributed to above-ground biomass were Shorea robusta, Ficus benghalensis, and Ficus religiosa. Total biomass and carbon stocks were maximum in Shorea robusta and was found to be 6508.32 ton and 3254.16 ton, respectively, and minimum in the species Syzygium cumini with 8.32 ton and 4.16 ton respectively. By using biomass equations and through conversion of nutrient concentrations to nutrient contents, calcium was found to be most abundant, followed by nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus in Shorea robusta. The study will be helpful in understanding changes in the plant community and thereby developing location-specific strategies for conservation of valuable rare plants in the Remuna Block as well as sustainable utilisation of biodiversity in the future.
Effect of Different Types of Organic Manures and Mulching Materials on Growth, Yield and Quality of Carrot (Daucus Carota L.) in Diguna Fango Woreda, South Ethiopia
Authors: Kuma Amanuel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Carrot is a root vegetable crop. The management of agronomic practices is an important factor that strongly affects the growth, yield and quality of carrots. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth, yield and quality of carrots affected by different types of organic manure and mulching materials in Diguna Fango Woreda, South Ethiopia. The study consisted of four organic manures (control, 20 t PM ha − 1 , 20 t FYM ha− 1 and 20 t mixed manure (10 t PM + 10 t FYM) ha− 1 and three types of mulching (no mulching, sawdust mulching and grass mulching) laid in the RCBD, with four replications in a factorial arrangement. Analysis was performed using the SAS software package. Root diameter, root fresh weight, root dry weight, marketable yield and total root yield were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the interaction effect of organic manure and mulching materials. The main effects of organic manure and mulching also significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected plant height, leaf number, leaf length, root length, unmarketable root yield, root dry matter content, forked roots, cracked roots and TSS. Among the different combinations, 20 t of mixed manure (10 t PM + 10 t FYM) with grass mulching ha− 1 surpassed all the other combinations in terms of maximum root length (22.45 cm), root diameter (6.60 cm), root fresh weight (179.25 g), root dry weight (26.16 g), marketable root yield (27.90 t ha− 1) and total root yield (33.92 t ha− 1) during the experimental year. Similarly, PM with grass mulching also produced better results pertaining to carrot growth and yield. Based on these results, the highest net benefit (360,520 Birr ha− 1) with an MRR of 3803% was obtained from the treatment combination of 20 t FYM with grass mulching. Therefore, the use of 20 t FYM with grass mulching could be recommended for carrot production in the study area. Since this study is limited to the use of organic manure with mulching materials during one season and at one location, the results should be repeated across seasons and locations.
Effect of sex and age on acute myocardial infarction presentation and location: low-income country insight
Authors: Rikabi Hiba , Alolabi Hani , Anouz Rama , Kurmaly MHD Sami , Alkassem Omar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Age and sex-based differences have been recognized as contributing factors to myocardial infarction presentation. Recognition of these differences is important for timely clinical diagnosis.
Aim
This article aims to examine symptom presentation differences, by sex and age, in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Methods
We reviewed 181 medical records of patients with acute myocardial infarction who were admitted to the emergency department of the two biggest central hospitals in Damascus.
Results
The average age was 61.94 years, 20% were women, 85.5% had STEMI, and the most common presentation was heavy chest pain. Patients were categorized into 6 age groups: >40 years (4.5%), 40–49 years (14.7%), 50–59 years (30.6%), 60–69 years (28.9%), 70–80 years (15.9%) and < 80 years (5.1%). No statistically significant difference was found in the presentation of men and women with acute myocardial infarction. Patients younger than 40 commonly presented with referred pain (p = 0.002) especially to either arm (p = 0.009), while older age groups presented with heavy chest pain (p = 0.058).Young patients had right coronary artery occlusion much less often (p = 0.050), including extensive anterior (p = 0.010) and lateral infarctions (p = 0.019). Anteroapical infarctions were associated with patients older than 80 (p = 0.015).
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that myocardial infarction presentation in men and women have no significant difference. However, Younger patients' presentation is much more complex and less likely to be noticed, compared to the typical presentation of old patients. More awareness of symptom clusters that younger patients present by could help reach a faster diagnosis and better prognosis.
Study of the causes of high pulmonary arterial pressure at Damascus Hospital
Authors: saffaf Sedra , Romelley Lilas Al Arnaoot , Almardine Heba 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Pulmonary hypertension refers to high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs with a mean pulmonary artery pressure of ≥ 25 mm Hg.
Materials and methods
A descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 246 patients attending Damascus Hospital. Their pulmonary pressure was measured, and several axes related to high pulmonary pressure were studied, including general medical antecedents and then studying the final diagnosis of the cause. A descriptive study of the sample was conducted and then an analytical study that served the research objectives.
Results
A sample size of 248 patients was collected from the patients attending Damascus Hospital, of which the percentage of males was 51.6%, while the percentage of females was 48.4%.
The age of the largest percentage of the sample, about 54.9%, was in the category (61 to 90 years).
The percentage of smokers in the sample was 46.7%, about 2.8% of the sample, recorded that they were alcoholic.
The majority of the sample recorded that they suffer from several conditions together, at a rate of 65.6%, about 70.3%, recorded no history of surgery.
75.2% of the sample recorded that they suffer from heart disorders, While 15.9% of the sample had disorders and problems in the respiratory system.
The vast majority of the sample, 90.2%, had an elevated pulmonary pressure of more than 25 mmHg.
the most common cause (final diagnosis) was heart failure, 35.3% .
Conclusion
• Women were found to be at risk of having high pulmonary pressure with a risk factor of 1.5% more than men
• While the results of the one-way analysis of variance test showed that there is a significant effect and an important correlation between the patient’s age and high pulmonary pressure, as the risk increases with a risk factor of 0.43% as age increases.
• There is an important correlation and significant effect of smoking on the degree of pulmonary hypertension.
• There is an important correlation and significant effect of alcohol consumption on the degree of pulmonary hypertension.
• There is an important, statistically significant correlation to the presence of heart disease in the patient and high pulmonary pressure, as heart patients are at risk of having high pulmonary pressure with a risk factor of 1.12% more than patients without heart disease.
• Patients with respiratory problems and disorders are at risk of developing pulmonary hypertension, with a risk factor of 1.36%.
• There is an important, significant correlation between taking medications (antidepressants, appetite suppressants) and the degree of pulmonary hypertension.
• There is an important correlation between the final diagnosis and the cases reported as causes of pulmonary hypertension.
Application of the CALPUFF model in emergency response assessment for radiological events in metropolitan area.
Authors: Chen Jian-Pu , Teng Jen-Hsin , Zeng Teng-Ping , Hsu Yu-Xia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Due to the possibility of radioactive events or dirty bomb events occurring in urban areas near buildings with a relatively small impact radius (within 1-2 kilometers), an effective and rapid assessment of their extent and impact is essential for emergency response strategies. In this research, the CALPUFF model is introduced as the basis for conducting a series of tests and improvements to create a localized radioactive events impact assessment system. The CALPUFF model is recommended by the US EPA and will be combined with meteorological data from the Central Weather Bureau's mesoscale numerical weather forecast model and terrain data with a 30-meter horizontal resolution from Taiwan's Ministry of the Interior. This localized system aims to simulate and predict the outdoor radiation intensity or pollution range for future scenarios, reducing the health risks and pressure on emergency personnel exposed to radiation, and facilitating necessary protective action decisions.
Exogenous glucose oxidation during exercise is positively related to body size
Authors: Ijaz Abdullah , Collins Adam J. , Moreno-Cabañas Alfonso , Bradshaw Louise , Hutchins Katie , Betts James A. , Podlogar Tim , Wallis Gareth A. , Gonzalez Javier T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Current guidelines do not consider body size for carbohydrate intake during exercise. This study assessed whether larger people can oxidise more exogenous glucose during exercise than smaller people. Fifteen cyclists were allocated into two groups based on body mass (SMALL, < 70 kg body mass, n = 9, 2 female) or (LARGE, > 70 kg body mass, n = 6) matched for lactate threshold (SMALL: 2.3 ± 0.4 W⋅kg− 1, LARGE: 2.3 ± 0.3 W⋅kg− 1). SMALL completed 120 min of cycling at 95% of lactate threshold1. LARGE completed two trials in a random order, one at 95% of lactate threshold1 [thereby exercising at the same relative intensity (RELATIVE)], and one at an absolute intensity matched to SMALL (ABSOLUTE). In all trials, cyclists ingested 90 g⋅h− 1 of 13C-enriched glucose. Total exogenous glucose oxidation was (mean ± SD) 33 ± 8 g⋅h− 1 in SMALL versus 45 ± 13 g⋅h− 1 in LARGE-RELATIVE (mean difference: 13 g⋅h− 1, 95%CI 2 to 24 g⋅h− 1, p = 0.03]. Large positive correlations were observed for measures of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation versus body size (body mass, height and body surface area; e.g., body surface area versus peak exogenous glucose oxidation, r = 0.85,95%CI: 0.51 to 0.95, p < 0.01). When larger athletes reduced the intensity from RELATIVE to ABSOLUTE, total exogenous glucose oxidation was 39 ± 7 g⋅h− 1 (p = 0.43 versus LARGE-RELATIVE). In conclusion, the capacity for exogenous glucose oxidation is, on average, higher in larger athletes than smaller athletes during exercise. Body size may therefore be a consideration in tailoring sports nutrition guidelines for carbohydrate intake during exercise.
Muscle-derived Stem Cell Exosomes Enhance Autophagy through the Regulation of the mTOR Signaling Pathway to Attenuate Glucolipotoxicity-induced Pancreatic Β-cell Injury
Authors: Zeng Xiang-Yu , Liu Zi-Wen , Li Hao-Ze , Liu Jian-Yu 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a series of metabolic disorders, including
elevated blood glucose level diseases due to insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance.

Objective:
To investigate the effect and protective mechanism of muscle-derived stem cell exosomes
(MDSC-Exo) on glucolipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β cell injury.

Methods:
Primary rat muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) were isolated and cultured. After the
completion of the third-generation culture for MDSCs, MDSC-Exo was isolated. Then, the morphology
and diameter of exosomes were observed by means of electron microscopy and nanoparticle
tracking analysis (NTA) instrument. The expression of exosome-related proteins CD63, TSG101
and Calnexin was detected by western blot. After stimulation of rat insulinoma cell line INS-
1 with high glucose/palmitic acid (HG/PA) and/or MDSC-Exo, cell viability and apoptosis
were measured through MTT and flow cytometry (FCT), respectively. Biochemical reagents were
utilized for the examination of the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde
(MDA); enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the levels of cellular insulin secretion,
and the western blot for the expression level of LC3, p62, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR and p-mTOR.

Results:
MDSC-Exo was successfully isolated and identified, and it was found that MDSC-Exo
could reduce HG/PA-induced apoptosis as well as MDA levels in INS-1 cells. Also, MDSC-Exo
could significantly increase cell viability, insulin secretion ability within 24 hours and SOD level.
Besides, MDSC-Exo was able to significantly increase the LC3-II/I ratio, decrease the expression
level of p62, and promote autophagy in the cells. Aside from what has been mentioned, MDSC-
Exo showed a significant reduction effect on p-Akt and p-mTOR level as well as p-Akt/Akt
and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios.

Conclusion:
MDSC-Exo can alleviate oxidative stress and enhance autophagy by inhibiting Akt/
mTOR signaling pathway activation. Then, the inhibition of apoptosis and the promotion of insulin
secretion can be achieved to alleviate glucolipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β cell injury.