bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron‐doped nanozymes with spontaneous peroxidase‐mimic activity as a promising antibacterial therapy for bacterial keratitis
Authors: Geng Xiwen , Zhang Nan , Li Zhanrong , Zhao Mengyang , Zhang Hongbo , Li Jingguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of non‐antibiotic pharmaceuticals with biocompatible and efficient antibacterial properties is of great significance for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. In this study, we have developed antibacterial iron‐doped nanozymes (Fe3+‐doped nanozymes, FNEs) with distinguished capacity to fight against bacterial infections. The iron‐doped nanozymes are composed of Fe3+ doped zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (Fe/ZIF‐8) and polyethylene imide (PEI), which were functionally coated on the surface of Fe/ZIF‐8 and imparted the FNEs with improved water dispersibility and biocompatibility. FNEs possess a significant spontaneous peroxidase‐mimic activity without the need for external stimulation, thus elevating cellular reactive oxygen species level by catalyzing local H2O2 at the infection site and resulting in bacteria damaged to death. FNEs eliminated 100% of Staphylococcus aureus within 6 h, and significantly relieved inflammation and bacterial infection levels in mice bacterial keratitis, exhibiting higher bioavailability and a superior therapeutic effect compared to conventional antibiotic eye drops. In addition, the FNEs would not generate drug resistance, suggesting that FNEs have great potential in overcoming infectious diseases caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
Nanoscale‐Confined Synthesis of 2D Metal Compounds for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Lee Eunsoo , Jeong Sangyeon , Jeong Yujin , Kim Byeongyoon , Lee Kwangyeol 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D metal compounds, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and MXenes, are emerging as important electrocatalyst materials in the transition to a sustainable energy future. Aided by their high surface area, electrical conductivity, and tunable electronic properties, these materials have provided a crucial research thrust in enhancing the efficiency of green hydrogen production, fuel cells, and carbon reduction processes. Most importantly, the synthesis of nanostructured 2D compounds, while challenging, is the key to optimizing their catalytic performance. Recent advancements in this field have highlighted the potential of 2D metal compounds in revolutionizing energy conversion technologies, which entails the discovery of new material compositions, the development of novel synthetic routes, and the integration of these materials into practical energy conversion systems. This review presents an overview of the distinctive characteristics of nanoscale‐confined 2D metal compounds, the challenges encountered in their synthesis, and electrochemical applications.
Silver Cluster Assembled Materials: A Model‐Driven Perspective on Recent Progress, with a Spotlight on Ag12 Cluster Assembly
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Negishi Yuichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe exploration of individual nanoclusters is rapidly advancing, despite stability concerns. To address this challenge, the assembly of cluster nodes through linker molecules has been successfully implemented. However, the linking of the cluster nodes itself introduces a multitude of possibilities, especially when additional factors come into play. While this method proves effective in enhancing material stability, the specific reasons behind its success remain elusive. In our laboratory, we have undertaken extensive studies on Ag cluster‐assembled materials. So, here our goal is to establish a model system that allows for the discernment of various factors, eliminating unnecessary complexities during the linking approach. So, we hope that the systematic discourse presented in here will contribute significantly to future endeavors, helping to set clear priorities, and provide solutions to concerns that arise when working with a model system.
Diagnostic accuracy of cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal blood in detecting chromosomal anomalies in twin pregnancy: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Della Valle L. , Piergianni M. , Khalil A. , Novelli A. , Rizzo G. , Mappa I. , Prasad S. , Matarrelli B. , Gatta V. , Stuppia L. , Pagani G. , Flacco M. E. , D'Antonio F. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo report the diagnostic accuracy of cell‐free fetal DNA (cfDNA) in maternal blood in detecting fetal chromosomal anomalies in twin pregnancy.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to November 2023. The inclusion criteria were twin pregnancy undergoing cfDNA screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13, monosomy X and/or other sex‐chromosome aneuploidies (SCA). The index test was cfDNA screening. The reference standard was pre‐ or postnatal karyotyping (in the case of a positive cfDNA result) or neonatal phenotypic assessment (in case of a negative cfDNA result). The quality of included studies was assessed using the revised quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS‐2) tool. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy were computed using a bivariate random‐effects model.ResultsThirty‐five studies were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. cfDNA had a high accuracy in detecting trisomy 21 in twin pregnancy, with a sensitivity of 98.8% (95% CI, 96.5–100%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99.9–100%). Sensitivity and specificity were 94.9% (95% CI, 75.9–99.1%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.9–100%), respectively, for trisomy 18 and 84.6% (95% CI, 54.6–98.1%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.9–100%), respectively, for trisomy 13. We could not compute the diagnostic accuracy of cfDNA in detecting monosomy X, owing to an absence of positive cases, while cfDNA had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 71.5–100%) and specificity of 99.8% (95% CI, 99.7–99.9%) for other SCA. The accuracy of cfDNA in detecting the common trisomies was similar in dichorionic and monochorionic twin pregnancies.ConclusionscfDNA has high diagnostic accuracy in detecting trisomies 21 and 18 in twin pregnancy, irrespective of chorionicity. Estimation of diagnostic accuracy for trisomy 13 and other SCA was limited by the small number of affected cases and the difficulty associated with detecting false‐negative cases of other SCA, and thus requires confirmation in larger studies. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Philosophy of cognitive science in the age of deep learning
Authors: Millière Raphaël 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeep learning has enabled major advances across most areas of artificial intelligence research. This remarkable progress extends beyond mere engineering achievements and holds significant relevance for the philosophy of cognitive science. Deep neural networks have made significant strides in overcoming the limitations of older connectionist models that once occupied the center stage of philosophical debates about cognition. This development is directly relevant to long‐standing theoretical debates in the philosophy of cognitive science. Furthermore, ongoing methodological challenges related to the comparative evaluation of deep neural networks stand to benefit greatly from interdisciplinary collaboration with philosophy and cognitive science. The time is ripe for philosophers to explore foundational issues related to deep learning and cognition; this perspective paper surveys key areas where their contributions can be especially fruitful.This article is categorized under:
Philosophy > Artificial Intelligence
Computer Science and Robotics > Machine Learning
Entwicklung gewaltassoziierter penetrierender Traumata in der Metropolregion Düsseldorf über einen fünfjährigen Zeitraum (GewPen-Studie)
Authors: Schürmann Jutta , Michael Mark , Picker Olaf , Bieler Dan , Heitkötter Kalle , Tremmel Thomas , Schnäbelin Bernd , Bernhard Michael 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Penetrierende Verletzungen sind eine seltene, aber immer wieder vorkommende Einsatzsituation in der Notfallmedizin. Das Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die Häufigkeit und Verletzungscharakteristika penetrierender, gewaltassoziierter Verletzungen einer Metropolregion über einen 5‑jährigen Zeitraum zu ermitteln.

Material und Methodik
In der retrospektiven Untersuchung wurden anhand einer Datenbankabfrage der Leitstelle des Rettungsdienstbereichs Düsseldorf sämtliche rettungsdienstliche Einsätze mit penetrierenden, gewaltassoziierten Verletzungen in den Jahrgängen 2015, 2017 und 2019 identifiziert und deskriptiv analysiert. Für diejenigen Patienten, die dem überregionalen Traumazentrum (ÜTZ) zuverlegt wurden, erfolgte neben der präklinischen eine weitergehende transsektorale Analyse des innerklinischen Verlaufes.

Ergebnisse
In den 3 Jahrgängen 2015, 2017 und 2019 konnten insgesamt 266 Patienten (Alter: 33 ± 14 Jahre, männlich: 79 %) mit penetrierenden, gewaltassoziierten Verletzungen erfasst werden (2015 vs. 2017 vs. 2019: n = 81 vs. n = 93 vs. n = 92). Die am häufigsten betroffene Altersgruppe war zwischen 15 und 34 Jahre alt. Eine höhere Einsatzhäufigkeit fand sich für die Stadtbezirke Altstadt, Stadtmitte und einen weiteren Stadtteil (Oberbilk). Eine hohe Einsatzhäufigkeit fand sich in den Nächten von Samstag auf Sonntag zwischen 20.00 und 04.00 Uhr. Rettungsdiensteinsätze mit Notarztbeteiligung nahmen über die Jahrgänge zu (2015 vs. 2019: 27 vs. 42 %, p = 0,04). Als Tatwaffe kamen vorwiegend Messer (56 %), abgeschlagene Glasflaschen (18 %) und Scherben (6 %) zum Einsatz. Im ÜTZ kamen 71 aller Patienten (27 %, Injury Severity Score 11 ± 14) zur Aufnahme. Bei diesen Patienten stiegen über die Jahre der Anteil einer unmittelbar erfolgten operativen Versorgung (2015 vs. 2019: 20 vs. 35 %, p < 0,05) und ein positiver Alkoholnachweis an (2015 vs. 2019: 10 vs. 43 %, p < 0,05). Die 30-Tages-Letalität betrug 1,1 % (n = 3).

Schlussfolgerung
Penetrierende, gewaltassoziierte Verletzungen sind relevante, aber seltene rettungsdienstliche und innerklinische Einsatzsituationen. Zukünftige Versorgungsstrategien sollten sich auf die Stationierung von Rettungskräften in Schwerpunkteinsatzbereichen („Altstadtwache“, Hauptbahnhof) und Präventionsstrategien auf Waffen- und Glas‑/Flaschenzonen ausrichten. Eine Steuerung des Alkoholkonsums sollte diskutiert werden.
L-carnitine protects the lung from radiation-induced damage in rats via the AMPK/SIRT1/TGF-1ß pathway
Authors: Karakuyu Nasıf Fatih , Özseven Alper , Akın Süleyman Emre , Çamaş Hasan Ekrem , Özmen Özlem , Cengiz Çağla 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy (RAD) is a common cancer treatment method, but it can have unintended lung side effects. L-carnitine (LCAR) is an amino acid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to demonstrate the effects of LCAR against radiation-induced acute lung injury and to elucidate its possible protective molecular mechanisms. A total of 32 Wistar albino rats were separated into four groups: control, RAD (10 Gy once on 1st day), RAD + LCAR (intraperitoneally, 200 mg/kg/d, for 10 days), and LCAR. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and the lung tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and genetic analysis. Emphysema, pronounced hyperemia, increased total oxidant status, and increased caspase-3 and TNF-α immunostainings were all seen in the lung tissues of the RAD group. LCAR treatment reduced these negative effects. In addition, AMPK and SIRT1 gene expressions increased in the RAD + LCAR group compared to the RAD group, while TGF-1ß gene expression decreased. While RAD caused major damage to the lungs of rats, LCAR application reduced this damage through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Specifically, LCAR reduced fibrosis while attenuating RAD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via the AMPK/SIRT1/TGF-1ß pathway. Therefore, LCAR can be considered a supplement to reduce complications associated with RAD.

Graphical abstract
Étale cohomology of algebraizable rigid analytic varieties via nearby cycles over general bases
Authors: Kato Hiroki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove a finiteness theorem and a comparison theorem in the theory of étale cohomology of rigid analytic varieties. By a result of Huber, for a quasi-compact separated morphism of rigid analytic varieties with target being of dimension $$\le 1$$

≤
1

, the compactly supported higher direct image preserves quasi-constructibility. Though the analogous statement for morphisms with higher dimensional target fails in general, we prove that, in the algebraizable case, it holds after replacing the target with a modification. We deduce it from a known finiteness result in the theory of nearby cycles over general bases and a new comparison result, which gives an identification of the compactly supported higher direct image sheaves, up to modification of the target, in terms of nearby cycles over general bases.
Exploring the risk of second primary malignancies in laryngeal cancer survivors: insights from the SEER database
Authors: Afify Abdelrahman Yousry , Ashry Mohamed Hady 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We intended to investigate the risk for second primary malignancy (SPM) development in Laryngeal Cancer (LC) survivors. We conducted a population-based analysis of SPM risk using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods
Data of selected LC survivors from the SEER database between 2000 and 2020 were examined. Standardized Incidence ratios (SIRs) for SPM development were calculated, followed by detailed stratification according to anatomical site and different latency periods.

Results
A total of 8413 SPMs were observed in our extracted cohort. The collective standardized incidence of SPMs was 2.12 (95% CI 2.07–2.17) compared to the US population, with an absolute excess risk (AER) of 201.73 per 10,000 individuals. The highest SPM risks were observed in patients with young age at diagnosis, females, and American Indians/Alaska natives. Increased SPM risks were reported in patients receiving all modalities of treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Most SPMs were detected in solid organs such as the lungs and bronchus, oral cavity and pharynx, and prostate. The highest increased risks of developing SPMs were observed in Trachea, larynx, oral cavity and pharynx, lung and bronchus, and esophagus.

Conclusions
The risk of SPMs in LC survivors was significantly increased compared to the general US population. Accordingly, a more impactful cancer surveillance strategy for LC patients should be implemented.
Mixed series solution for vibration and stability of porous bi-directional functionally graded beams
Authors: Turan Muhittin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new analytical solution based on the Ritz method is presented in this paper for analyzing the free vibration and buckling behavior of porous bi-directional functionally graded (2D-FG) beams under various boundary conditions. The solution is based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The selection of solution functions used in Ritz methods distinguishes the methods from each other and determines the accuracy of the analytical solution. To accurately capture the system's behavior and achieve the desired results, these functions have been carefully selected as a combination of polynomial and trigonometric expressions tailored as mixed series functions for each boundary condition. The study considers three types of porosity, namely PFG-1, PFG-2, and PFG-3. The equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's principle, taking into account the power-law variation of the beam material components throughout the volume. The non-dimensional fundamental frequencies and critical buckling loads are calculated for different boundary conditions, gradation exponents in the x and z directions (px, pz), slenderness (L/h), porosity coefficient (e), and porosity types. Initially, the accuracy of the mixed series functions is investigated for non-porous bi-directional functionally graded beams, and the numerical results are compared with existing literature to validate the proposed solution. Subsequently, the paper focuses on analyzing the influence of porosity on the free vibration and buckling behavior of bi-directional functionally graded beams using the developed solution method.
Tailored treatment of female indirect inguinal hernias by using single-port laparoscopic percutaneous internal ring suture: a comparison between children and adults
Authors: Wang S.‑H. , Lee C.-Y. , Hsieh W.-C. , Yen J.-B. , Tseng I.-M. , Wong C.-H. , Ho D.-R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the outcome of indirect inguinal hernias repaired by using single-port laparoscopic percutaneous internal ring suture (SPIRS) between the pediatric and adult females.

Methods
The medical records of females who were clinically assessed to have inguinal hernia from Oct. 2016 to May 2022 were reviewed. Patients who received laparoscopy for the diagnosis of the hernia type and customized treatment according to their hernia type were included, while those who chose other operation methods initially were excluded. The patients were divided into the adult and pediatric groups based on their age. The demographic characteristics, hernia types, operation durations, and outcomes were analyzed between these two groups.

Results
A total of 65 adults and 60 children were included in this study. The median age was 38 years. (range: 23–88) for group A and 3 years (range: 0.1–16) for group P. Indirect hernias were present in 85% of adults and 100% of children. All the indirect hernias were repaired by SPIRS uneventfully. Incidence of contralateral patent processus vaginalis was 24% in adults and 50% in children (p = 0.016). The average operation time was 22/46 min (one/two sides) for the adults and 9/15 min (one/two sides) for the pediatrics (p < 0.010 for both). The overall complication rates were 5.4% and 3.3% for the adult and pediatric group respectively (p = 0.106). No recurrence was observed in the pediatric group, but two adults experienced recurrence and another had chronic postoperative inguinal pain, necessitating reoperation. The mean follow-up period was 38.6 ± 15.4 months for adults and 42.8 ± 18.9 months for children (p = 0.198).

Conclusion
Our results support that the pathogenesis of indirect inguinal hernia for the female adults is due to the non-obliteration of a congenital processus vaginalis. Tailored treatment of the female IIH by using single-port laparoscopic percutaneous internal ring suture may be an alternative for the management of female IHs.
Interference effects on light scattering properties of dense colloidal suspensions: a short review
Authors: Fujii Hiroyuki , Na Hyeonwoo , Nishikawa Koyata , Kobayashi Kazumichi , Watanabe Masao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNear-infrared spectroscopy and imaging using scattered light potentially evaluate the structural properties of the medium, like the average particle size, based on a relation between its structure and light scattering. A qualitative understanding of light scattering is crucial for developing optical imaging techniques. The scattering properties of dense colloidal suspensions have been extensively investigated using the electromagnetic theory (EMT). The colloidal suspensions are widely used in liquid tissue phantoms for optical imaging techniques and are encountered in various fields, such as the food and chemical industries. The interference between electric fields scattered by colloidal particles significantly influences the scattering properties, so-called the interference effects. Despite many efforts since the 1980s, a complete understanding of the interference effects has still not been achieved. The main reason is the complicated dependence of the interference on the optical wavelength, particle size, and so on. This paper briefly reviews numerical and theoretical studies of the interference effect based on the dependent scattering theory, one of the EMTs, and model equations.
Clinical features of COVID-19-related encephalitis: comparison with the features of herpes virus encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Cui Yue , Chen Zhongyun , Kong Yu , Wang Yingtao , Wang Yihao , Zhang Jing , Wang Lin , Zhang Jiatang , Sun Wei , Wu Liyong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Identifying coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related encephalitis without clear etiological evidence is clinically challenging. The distinctions between this condition and other prevalent encephalitis types remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the similarities and differences in the clinical characteristics of COVID-19-related encephalitis and other encephalitis types.

Methods
Adult patients with encephalitis admitted to the neurology department at Xuanwu Hospital were enrolled and categorized into the following six groups based on the results of metagenomic next-generation sequencing and autoimmune antibody detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): COVID-19-related encephalitis (n = 36), herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis (HSV-1 encephalitis; n = 28), human herpesvirus 3 encephalitis (HHV-3 encephalitis; n = 10), NMDAR-antibody encephalitis (n = 18), LGI1-antibody encephalitis (n = 12), and GABAB-antibody encephalitis (n = 8).

Results
The predominant characteristics of COVID-19-related encephalitis include a low incidence of seizures (38.9%), cognitive defects (30.6%), and meningeal irritation signs (8.3%). Compared with HSV-1 and HHV-3 encephalitis, COVID-19-related encephalitis exhibited lower white blood cell count (2.5 count/mm3), protein (32.2 mg/dL), and immunoglobulin M, G, and A levels (0.09, 3.2, and 0.46 mg/dL, respectively) in the CSF tests. Abnormal imaging findings were present in only 36.1% of COVID-19-related encephalitis cases, mostly showing diffuse inflammation scattered in various parts, which differed from HSV-1 encephalitis. Additionally, COVID-19-related encephalitis exhibited significant differences in clinical symptoms and CSF white blood cell counts compared with NMDAR-antibody encephalitis; however, it showed limited differences compared with LGI1-antibody and GABAB-antibody encephalitis.

Discussion
COVID-19-related encephalitis and herpes virus or autoimmune encephalitis differ clinically. Symptoms and auxiliary examinations can be used as distinguishing tools.
A parametric study in reinforced concrete frames with different infill wall materials
Authors: Onat Özge , Evci Pınar Usta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the behavior of structures during earthquakes is crucial for ensuring safety. Despite their significant impact on buildings, infill walls are often overlooked in seismic assessments, contributing to the complexity of a structure. Because of their intricate nature and modeling difficulties, infill walls are frequently excluded from seismic models. However, given the prevalence of reinforced concrete buildings with various infill wall materials in earthquake-prone areas, it is essential to incorporate infill walls for a more realistic evaluation of seismic behavior. This study scrutinizes a building that sustained damage in the Izmir earthquake in Turkey. The building was represented in four distinct models using the SAP2000 V24 finite element program: without infill walls, with porotherm clay blocks, burnt clay brick, and autoclaved aerated concrete blocks. Real parameters of the building were utilized in the modeling process. Upon comparing the results of the time history analysis, it was observed that the presence of infill walls had a positive impact on various building properties, including period, ground floor shear force, column bearing capacity, and inter-story drift ratio. Additionally, infill walls increased base shear forces on the ground floors and the overall base shear force. Notably, similar outcomes were obtained with porotherm clay blocks and burnt clay brick as infill wall types, while autoclaved aerated concrete blocks exhibited lower stiffness than other infill wall models.