bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misplaced intrauterine contraceptive device
Authors: Katesmark Mike , Chapman Natasha 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe authors describe the case of a woman who presented with pelvic pain following insertion of an intrauterine system by her GP, and was found to have a uterine perforation. This is an uncommon but recognised complication of intrauterine devices. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Does tubal ectopic pregnancy with hemoperitoneum always require surgery?
Authors: Bignardi T. , Condous G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveHemoperitoneum is accepted as an indication for surgery in women with tubal ectopic pregnancy. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of managing such women non‐surgically.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study. Women with tubal ectopic pregnancy and hemoperitoneum detected on transvaginal sonography (TVS) were managed as inpatients either expectantly or with methotrexate (MTX). Inclusion criteria for conservative management were: compliance, clinical stability, absence of acute abdomen, stable hemoglobin level on two measurements (0 and 12–24 h apart), serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) < 5000 IU/L, absence of fetal cardiac activity on TVS and absence of significant hemoperitoneum, defined as blood above the level of the uterine fundus and/or in Morison's pouch (hepatorenal space). Subsequent management was based upon the hCG ratio at 48 h. All the women were managed as inpatients until the abdominal pain settled and the serum hCG levels were falling.ResultsForty‐one women with tubal ectopic pregnancy presented between November 2006 and March 2008. Eight women (20%) fulfilled the entry criteria. The median gestational age at diagnosis was 49 (interquartile range, 38–52.5) days. All women presented with lower abdominal pain/right iliac fossa or left iliac fossa pain. Hemoglobin levels ranged from 11.2 to 14.2 g/dL at presentation and from 12.0 to 14.8 g/dL after 12–24 h. 6/8 (75%) women were managed expectantly and 2/8 (25%) received MTX. All women had resolution of their ectopic pregnancy within 3 weeks with no complications.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that the finding of hemoperitoneum on ultrasound examination may not be an absolute contraindication to conservative management of tubal ectopic pregnancy. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical location service for wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks
Authors: Yan Yan , Zhang Baoxian , Zheng Jun , Ma Jian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a mobile sink can help eliminate the hotspot effect in the vicinity of the sink, which can balance the traffic load in the network and thus improve the network performance. Location‐based routing is an effective routing paradigm for supporting sink mobility in WSNs with mobile sinks (mWSNs). To support efficient location‐based routing, scalable location service must be provided to advertise the location information of mobile sinks in an mWSN. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical location service for supporting location‐based routing in mWSNs. The proposed location service divides an mWSN into a grid structure and exploits the characteristics of static sensors and mobile sinks in selecting location servers. It can build, maintain, and update the grid‐spaced network structureviaa simple hashing function. To reduce the location update cost, a hierarchy structure is built by choosing a subset of location servers in the network to store the location information of mobile sinks. The simulation results show that the proposed location service can significantly reduce the communication overhead caused by sink mobility while maintaining high routing performance, and scales well in terms of network size and sink number. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Yang Xinmai , Stein Erich W. , Ashkenazi S. , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNanoparticles have been designed and applied as contrast enhancers in various optical imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography, fluorescence imaging, and optical reflectance microscopy. As an emerging hybrid imaging modality, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has also benefited from the application of these nanoparticle‐based contrast agents. We review this rapidly growing field and describe the applications of nanoparticles in PAI. Particular focus is given to nanoparticles whose absorption mechanism is based on surface plasmon resonance, including gold nanoshells, nanorods, and nanocages. Dye‐embedded nanoparticles are also reviewed. Specifically, the design and application of each nanoparticle‐based contrast agent in relation to the field of PAI are detailed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Phase Transition of Rubidium Lead Tetrathiophosphate RbPbPS4
Authors: Belkyal Imane , El Azhari Mohamed , Wu Yuandong , Bensch Wolfgang , Depmeier Wulf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe single crystal structure of RbPbPS4 was determined at 293 K. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with a = 17.486(1) Å, b = 6.7127(5) Å, c = 6.4191(5) Å, V = 753.5(1) Å3, Z = 4. Differential scanning calorimetry shows a reversible structural phase transition at 182 K on cooling and at 184 K on heating. The phase transition is attributed to the displacement of the lead atoms which are located on the mirror planes at room temperature. In the low temperature modification, the Pb2+ ions are moved away from the mirror plane thus changing the coordination number from seven at low temperature to six at room temperature. The low temperature phase of RbPbPS4 is non‐centrosymmetric with space group P212121, which is a maximal translationengleiche subgroup index 2 (t2) of Pnma. The analysis demonstrates that the phase transition is of second order, or at least nearly so.
Evaluation of cholecystic venous flow using indocyanine green fluorescence angiography
Authors: Kai Kyohei , Satoh Shizou , Watanabe Takanori , Endo Yoshikatsu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeThe cholecystic veins are thought to be an important metastatic route of gallbladder carcinoma to the liver. In the present study we evaluated the cholecystic venous drainage area, utilizing a novel method, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography after superselective catheterization of the cholecystic artery, to detect and elucidate cholecystic venous flow.MethodsCannulation of the cholecystic artery was performed under laparotomy in nine patients who required a cholecystectomy. After ICG injection into the cholecystic artery, the cholecystic venous flow images were visualized with a near‐infrared camera system and were analyzed according to site, shape, and time of fluorescence.ResultsFluorescence images of the cholecystic venous flow could be viewed as real‐time images in all patients. We demonstrated that the route of the cholecystic venous flow could be classified into two patterns: type 1, in which the cholecystic veins flowed directly into the hepatic parenchyma adjacent to the gallbladder; and type 2, in which the veins flowed into sites separate from the gallbladder. In the type 1 pattern, fluorescence was observed in segment (S; defined according to Couinaud's nomenclature) 4a or S5 adjacent to the gallbladder in all cases. On the other hand, in the type‐2 pattern, fluorescence was observed in S4a (6/9), S5 (8/9), S4b (2/9), S3 (2/9), S1 (1/9), S2 (1/9), and S8 (1/9) distant from the gallbladder. Overall, two‐thirds of the cases showed fluorescence in segments other than S4a or S5.ConclusionsIndocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography is considered to be a useful method to detect and elucidate cholecystic venous flow in real time. This study showed that the cholecystic venous flow spread to the liver through two different pathways, one that flowed directly into the hepatic parenchyma adjacent to the gallbladder, while the other flowed into sites separate from the gallbladder. Taking these findings into consideration, we may therefore need to reconsider the preventive effects of a hepatic resection.
Development of E‐Info Geneca: A Website Providing Computer‐Tailored Information and Question Prompt Prior to Breast Cancer Genetic Counseling
Authors: Albada Akke , van Dulmen Sandra , Otten Roel , Bensing Jozien M. , Ausems Margreet G. E. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article describes the stepwise development of the website ‘E‐info geneca’. The website provides counselees in breast cancer genetic counseling with computer‐tailored information and a question prompt prior to their first consultation. Counselees generally do not know what to expect from genetic counseling and they tend to have a passive role, receiving large amounts of relatively standard information. Using the “intervention mapping approach,” we developed E‐info geneca aiming to enhance counselees’ realistic expectations and participation during genetic counseling. The information on this website is tailored to counselees’ individual situation (e.g., the counselee's age and cancer history). The website covers the topics of the genetic counseling process, breast cancer risk, meaning of being a carrier of a cancer gene mutation, emotional consequences and hereditary breast cancer. Finally, a question prompt encourages counselees to prepare questions for their genetic counseling visit.
Identification of gene biomarkers for respiratory syncytial virus infection in a bronchial epithelial cell line
Authors: Huang Yuh-Chin T. , Li Zhuowei , Hyseni Xhevahire , Schmitt Michael , Devlin Robert B. , Karoly Edward D. , Soukup Joleen M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection involves complex virus-host interplay. In this study, we analyzed gene expression in RSV-infected BEAS-2B cells to discover novel signaling pathways and biomarkers. We hybridized RNAs from RSV- or vehicle-treated BEAS-2B to Affymetrix HU133 plus 2.0 microarrays (n = 4). At 4 and 24 h post-infection, 277 and 900 genes (RSV/control ratio ≥2.0 or ≤0.5), and 1 and 12 pathways respectively were significantly altered. Twenty-three and 92 genes at 4 and 24 h respectively matched respiratory disease biomarkers with ARG2 flagged at 24 h and SCNN1G, EPB41L4B, CSF1, PTEN, TUBB1 and ESR2 at both time points. Hierachical clustering showed a cluster containing ARG2 and IL8. In human bronchial epithelial cells, RSV upregulated arginase II protein. Knockdown of ARG2 increased RSV-induced IL-8, LDH and histone release. With microarray, we identified novel proximal airway epithelial cell genes that may be tested in the sputum samples as biomarkers of RSV infection.
Pulsed-Laser-Induced Simple Synthetic Route for Tb3Al5O12:Ce3+Colloidal Nanocrystals and Their Luminescent Properties
Authors: Mhin SungWook , Ryu JeongHo , Kim KangMin , Park GyeongSeon , Ryu HanWool , Shim KwangBo , Sasaki Takeshi , Koshizaki Naoto 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Cerium-doped Tb3Al5O12(TAG:Ce3+) colloidal nanocrystals were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in de-ionized water and lauryl dimethylaminoacetic acid betain (LDA) aqueous solution for luminescent bio-labeling application. The influence of LDA molecules on the crystallinity, crystal morphology, crystallite size, and luminescent properties of the prepared TAG:Ce3+colloidal nanocrystals was investigated in detail. When the LDA solution was used, smaller average crystallite size, narrower size distribution, and enhanced luminescence were observed. These characteristics were explained by the effective role of occupying the oxygen defects on the surface of TAG:Ce3+colloidal nanocrystal because the amphoteric LDA molecules were attached by positively charged TAG:Ce3+colloidal nanocrystals. The blue-shifted phenomena found in luminescent spectra of the TAG:Ce3+colloidal nanocrystals could not be explained by previous crystal field theory. We discuss the 5d energy level of Ce3+with decreased crystal size with a phenomenological model that explains the relationship between bond distance with 5d energy level of Ce3+based on the concept of crystal field theory modified by covalency contribution.
A functional polymorphism of the brain derived neurotrophic factor gene and cortical anatomy in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Raznahan Armin , Toro Roberto , Proitsi Petra , Powell John , Paus Tomas , F. Bolton Patrick , Murphy Declan G. M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with both (i) post-mortem and neuroimaging evidence of abnormal cortical development, and (ii) altered signalling in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) pathways - which regulate neuroproliferative and neuroplastic processes. In healthy controls genotype at a single nucleotide polymorphism that alters BDNF signalling (Val66met) has been related to regional cortical volume. It is not known however if this influence on brain development is intact in ASD. Therefore we compared the relationship between genotype and cortical anatomy (as measured using in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in 41 people with ASD and 30 healthy controls. We measured cortical volume, and its two sole determinants - cortical thickness and surface area - which reflect differing neurodevelopmental processes. We found “Group-by-Genotype” interactions for cortical volume in medial (caudal anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate) and lateral (rostral middle, lateral orbitofrontal, pars orbitalis and pars triangularis) frontal cortices. Furthermore, within (only) these regions “Group-by-Genotype” interactions were also found for surface area. No effects were found for cortical thickness in any region. Our preliminary findings suggest that people with ASD have differences from controls in the relationship between BDNF val66met genotype and regional (especially frontal) cortical volume and surface area, but not cortical thickness. Therefore alterations in the relationship between BDNF val66met genotype and surface area in ASD may drive the findings for volume. If correct, this suggests ASD is associated with a distorted relationship between BDNF val66met genotype and the determinants of regional cortical surface area – gyrification and/or sulcal positioning.
Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitor U18666A and the Role of Sterol Metabolism and Trafficking in Numerous Pathophysiological Processes
Authors: Cenedella Richard J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe multiple actions of U18666A have enabled major discoveries in lipid research and contributed to understanding the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. This review describes these advances and the utility of U18666A as a tool in lipid research. Harry Rudney's recognition that U18666A inhibited oxidosqualene cyclase led him to discover a pathway for formation of polar sterols that he proved to be important regulators of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Laura Liscum's recognition that U18666A inhibited the egress of cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes led to greatly improved perspective on the major pathways of intracellular cholesterol trafficking. The inhibition of cholesterol trafficking by U18666A mimicked the loss of functional Niemann–Pick type C protein responsible for NPC disease and thus provided a model for this disorder. U18666A subsequently became a tool for assessing the importance of molecular trafficking through the lysosomal pathway in other conditions such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and prion infections. U18666A also provided animal models for two important disorders: petite mal (absence) epilepsy and cataracts. This was the first chronic model of absence epilepsy. U18666A is also being used to address the role of oxidative stress in apoptosis. How can one molecule have so many effects? Perhaps because of its structure as an amphipathic cationic amine it can interact and inhibit diverse proteins. Restricting the availability of cholesterol for membrane formation through inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and intracellular trafficking could also be a mechanism for broadly affecting many processes. Another possibility is that through intercalation into membrane U18666A can alter membrane order and therefore the function of resident proteins. The similarity of the effects of natural and enantiomeric U18666A on cells and the capacity of intercalated U18666A to increase membrane order are arguments in favor of this possibility.
Anomalies génétiques et infertilité masculine
Authors: Vialard F. , Mandon-Pépin B. , Pellestor F. , Ziyyat A. , Albert M. , Molina-Gomes D. , Selva J. , Fellous M. 
Published: May 2009

RésuméEnviron 15 % des couples sont confrontés à une infertilité. Dans la moitié des cas, la cause est masculine. Quatre-vingt-dix pour cent des causes d’infertilité chez l’homme ne sont toujours pas élucidées, certaines seraient dues à des causes génétiques ou environnementales ou les deux, impliquant alors des gènes de susceptibilité à caractériser. Les anomalies génétiques ont été recherchées par trois approches: 1) cytogénétique, surtout grace au progrès de la cytogénétique moléculaire et l’analyse directe des gamètes par la technique d’hybridation moléculaire in situ. La découverte d’une anomalie chromosomique, cause la plus fréquente des infertilités (y compris la délétion de l’Y), ne permet pas facilement de faire la distinction entre une anomalie génique impliquée dans le remaniement et une anomalie mécanique intrinsèque de la méiose; 2) l’analyse de gènes candidats utilise souvent les données obtenues dans les modèles animaux et principalement murins. Cette approche, très souvent utilisée dans la littérature, s’avère souvent longue, coûteuse et l’on découvre rarement une anomalie génique; c’est le cas par exemple des gènes de méiose; 3) l’approche mendélienne est évidemment l’approche de choix, en étudiant les cas familiaux d’infertilité qui sont plus fréquents que nous le pensons.
Les gangrènes des organes génitaux externes: à propos de 102 cas
Authors: Fall B. , Fall P. A. , Diao B. , Kpatcha M. R. , Sow Y. , Kabore F. A. , Ali M. , Ndoye A. K. , Ba M. , Diagne B. A. 
Published: May 2009

Résumé

Buts
Rapporter les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, biologiques et thérapeutiques d’une série de 102 cas de gangrènes pénoscrotales et périnéales et en identifier les facteurs pronostiques.

Matériel et méthodes
Nous avons effectué une étude rétrospective colligeant 102 cas de gangrènes pénoscrotales et périnéales, admis au service d’urologie-andrologie du CHU Aristide-Le-Dantec de Dakar, entre janvier 2001 et décembre 2007.

Résultats
L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 50,0 ± 15,7 ans (extrêmes: 20–93 ans). La durée moyenne d’hospitalisation était de 8,0 ± 7,1 jours (extrêmes: 1–33 jours). Les lésions intéressaient le scrotum dans 61,8 % des cas, le scrotum et la verge dans 17,6 % des cas et la verge isolément dans 3,9 % des cas. Le périnée était atteint dans 14,7 % des cas. Il s’agissait d’une gangrène de Fournier (idiopathique) dans 26 cas (25,5 %) et d’une gangrène secondaire, à rétrécissement urétral, dans 70 cas (68,6 %). Les principaux facteurs de comorbidité associés étaient le diabète non insulinodépendant (13,7 %), l’hypertension artérielle (HTA) [5,9 %] et l’insuffisance rénale chronique (5,9 %). À la biologie, 79,4 % des patients avaient une concentration de leucocytes supérieure à 12 000/ml. Le taux d’hémoglobine était en moyenne de 9,8 ± 2,8 g/dl (extrêmes: 3,3–13,9 g/dl). L’antibiothérapie la plus utilisée associait une céphalosporine de troisième génération, un aminoside et la métronidazole (46,1 %). Les principaux gestes chirurgicaux réalisés ont été un débridement dans 21 cas (20,6 %), un débridement plus cystostomie dans 81 cas (79,4 %). Le taux de mortalité était de 15,7 %. Les principaux facteurs de mauvais pronostic chez nos patients étaient l’age, le caractère secondaire de la gangrène, l’étendue des lésions et l’association à un diabète et/ou à une HTA.

Conclusion
La gangrène des organes génitaux externes et du périnée reste une affection fréquente et grave. Son traitement doit être multidisciplinaire.
Évolution de la composante lipidique de la membrane plasmique des spermatozoïdes durant la maturation épididymaire
Authors: Rejraji H. , Saez F. , Drevet J. -R. 
Published: May 2009

RésuméUn des aspects de la maturation posttesticulaire des spermatozoïdes chez les mammifères est l’évolution progressive de la composition lipidique de la membrane plasmique des gamètes males qui permet à ces derniers d’acquérir des capacités fusogènes particulières déterminantes pour la fécondation. Une part importante de cette modification du contenu lipidique de la membrane des gamètes males est assurée lors de la descente des spermatozoïdes dans le tubule épididymaire. Les mouvements lipidiques seront ensuite poursuivis dans les voies génitales femelles au cours d’un processus dynamique, la capacitation, étape préalable indispensable à la réaction acrosomique, et donc, à la fécondation. Cette revue fait l’état des lieux des connaissances acquises par divers groupes de recherche dans le premier volet épididymaire de la maturation lipidique des gamètes males dans différents modèles de mammifères.
Role of RVM neurons in capsaicin‐evoked visceral nociception and referred hyperalgesia
Authors: Sanoja Raul , Tortorici Victor , Fernandez Carlos , Price Theodore J. , Cervero Fernando 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMost forms of visceral pain generate intense referred hyperalgesia but the mechanisms of this enhanced visceral hypersensitivity are not known. The on‐cells of the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) play an important role in descending nociceptive facilitation and can be sensitized to somatic mechanical stimulation following peripheral nerve injury or hindpaw inflammation. Here we have tested the hypothesis that visceral noxious stimulation sensitizes RVM ON‐like cells, thus promoting an enhanced descending facilitation that can lead to referred visceral hyperalgesia. Intracolonic capsaicin instillation (ICI) was applied to rats in order to create a hyperalgesic state dependent on noxious visceral stimulation. This instillation produced acute pain‐related behaviors and prolonged referred hyperalgesia that were prevented by the RVM microinjection of AP5, an NMDA selective antagonist. In electrophysiological experiments, ON‐like RVM neurons showed ongoing spontaneous activity following ICI that lasted for and an enhanced responsiveness to von Frey and heat stimulation of the hindpaw and to colorectal distention (CRD) that lasted for at least 50 min post capsaicin administration. Moreover, ON‐like cells acquired a novel response to CRD and responded to heat stimulation in the innocuous range. OFF‐like neurons responded to capsaicin administration with a brief (<5 min) inhibition of activity followed by an enhanced inhibition to noxious stimulation and a novel inhibition to innocuous stimulation (CRD and heat) at early time points (10 min post capsaicin). These results support the hypothesis that noxious visceral stimulation may cause referred hypersensitivity by promoting long‐lasting sensitization of RVM ON‐like cells.