bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of radiation‐induced fatigue across 3 different radiotherapeutic methods for early stage breast cancer
Authors: Taunk Neil K. , Haffty Bruce G. , Chen Sining , Khan Atif J. , Nelson Carl , Pierce Dorothy , Goyal Sharad 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Radiation‐induced fatigue is a common side effect of breast cancer radiotherapy (RT). This study compares the induction and persistence of radiation‐induced fatigue in accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI), accelerated hypofractionated RT, and standard whole breast RT.METHODS:Eighty patients were treated with a novel, 3‐week accelerated regimen with 333 centigrays (cGy) for 15 fractions to 4995 cGy; of these, 45 were treated using APBI, whereas 35 patients were treated using accelerated hypofractionated RT. These patients were matched with patients receiving 200 cGy for 30 fractions using standard whole breast irradiation. Fatigue score, using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0, was obtained at 5 time points: consultation before RT, first on‐treatment visit, halfway through treatment, last on‐treatment visit, and first follow‐up.RESULTS:Maximum fatigue and average fatigue since treatment were calculated. Maximum fatigue was 1.5, 2.4, and 2.3, and average fatigue was 0.46, 0.81, and 0.92 for the APBI, accelerated hypofractionated RT, and standard whole breast RT groups, respectively. The accelerated schedules did not have significantly less fatigue than standard whole breast RT at first on‐treatment visit. Maximum fatigue in APBI was reduced compared with standard whole breast RT. Accelerated hypofractionated RT had fatigue trajectory similar to standard whole breast RT. Multivariate analysis found that increased age and whole breast treatment are associated with more fatigue. Chemotherapy, hormone therapy, race, and T stage were not significant predictors of maximum fatigue. Results were similar for average fatigue, except that magnitudes were smaller.CONCLUSIONS:Field sizes and age in breast RT were positively associated with maximum radiation‐induced fatigue. Accelerated hypofractionated RT and standard whole breast RT had similar fatigue trajectories compared with APBI, which reduced fatigue at all times. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Population‐level comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic versus open radical nephrectomy for patients with kidney cancer
Authors: Tan Hung‐Jui , Wolf J. Stuart , Ye Zaojun , Wei John T. , Miller David C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Because there is limited population‐based evidence supporting the comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) after its widespread adoption, we compared trends in hospital‐based outcomes among patients with kidney cancer treated with LRN or open radical nephrectomy (ORN).METHODS:Using linked SEER‐Medicare data, the authors identified patients with kidney cancer who were treated with LRN or ORN from 2000 through 2005. The authors measured 4 primary outcomes: intensive care unit (ICU) admission, prolonged length of stay, 30‐day hospital readmission, and in‐hospital mortality. The authors then estimated the association between surgical approach and each outcome, adjusting for patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and year of surgery.RESULTS:The authors identified 2108 (26%) and 5895 (74%) patients treated with LRN and ORN, respectively. Patients treated with LRN were more likely to be white, female, of higher socioeconomic position, and to have tumor sizes of ≤4 cm (all P < .05). The adjusted probability of ICU admission and prolonged length of stay was 41% and 46% lower, respectively, for patients undergoing LRN (P < .001). Although uncommon for both groups, the adjusted probability of in‐hospital mortality was 51% higher (2.3% vs 1.5%, P = .04) for patients treated with a laparoscopic approach.CONCLUSIONS:At a population level, patients treated with LRN have a lower likelihood of ICU admission and prolonged length of stay, supporting the convalescence benefits of laparoscopy. In‐hospital mortality, however, was higher among patients treated with LRN. The latter finding suggests a potentially unanticipated consequence of this technique and highlights the need for long‐term monitoring during and after the widespread adoption of new surgical technologies. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Performance of p16INK4a immunocytochemistry as a marker of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Tramujas da Costa e Silva Ivan , Coelho Ribeiro Michelle , Santos Gimenez Felicidad , Dutra Ferreira Junia Raquel , Galvao Renata Silva , Vasco Hargreaves Paula Emanuelle , Gonçalves Daumas Pinheiro Guimaraes Adriana , de Lima Ferreira Luiz Carlos 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Protein p16INK4a immunocytochemistry (ICCp16) has the potential to reveal lesions at risk of progression to anal cancer. This study examined measures of diagnostic validity of ICCp16 in HIV‐positive patients treated at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas in the coloproctology outpatient clinic.METHODS:One hundred ninety HIV‐positive patients were consecutively enrolled in 2007 and 2008. All patients underwent anal cytologic sampling to perform ICCp16 in conventional and GluCyte (Synermed International, Westfield, Indiana and S¸ao Paulo, Brazil) smears and also for genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV). Patients were then subjected to anal biopsies monitored by high‐resolution anoscopy. Hematoxylin‐eosin and immunoperoxidase p16 (clone 6H12) stains were performed in slides with biopsied and cytological specimens, respectively. HPV genotyping on anal scrapings was performed by a polymerase‐chain reaction (PCR)‐based method. The immunochemical findings were compared with histopathological and PCR results in contingency tables and analyzed by nonparametric tests. Measures of diagnostic validity of ICCp16 were calculated. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .5.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant association between the immunochemical results (conventional or GluCyte smears) and histopathological or HPV genotyping findings (P > .05). In the best scenario, ICCp16 presented 31% sensitivity and 81% specificity for the diagnosis of anal squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASIL) and 30% and 66%, respectively, for the diagnosis of infection with high‐risk HPV.CONCLUSIONS:There was no association between ICCp16 results and histopathological findings nor between ICCp16 and HPV genotyping. ICCp16 showed poor sensitivity and moderate specificity for the diagnosis of ASIL or high‐risk HPV. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Intrinsic Mobility of Gaseous Cationic and Anionic Aggregates of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Lalli Priscila M. , Corilo Yuri E. , de Sa Gilberto F. , Daroda Romeu J. , de Souza Vanderlea , Souza Gustavo H. M. F. , Campuzano Iain , Ebeling Günter , Dupont Jairton , Eberlin Marcos N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTravelling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry was used to measure the intrinsic mobility of a series of gaseous supra‐cation and supra‐anion aggregates of several ionic liquids. Close mobilities were observed in a T‐wave cell filled with helium at ca. 0.8 mbar for [(DAI)n+1(X)n]+ (DAI is the 1,3‐dialkylimidazolium cation and X is the anion) as compared to the respective anions [(DAI)n(X)n+1]− for n=0 to 9. The anomalous behavior reported before in the condensed phase seems therefore to be related to the unique structural organization of pure ionic liquids that provides both polar and non‐polar regions with directionality in which the anionic species are more retained than the cationic species in the salt network.
Developmental predictors of an impulsive‐aggressive phenotype
Authors: Cervantes M. Catalina , Delville Yvon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn hamsters, individual differences in offensive aggression are associated with impulsive choice, leading to the characterization of a distinct impulsive‐aggressive phenotype. This study had two goals: to determine the developmental trajectory of the maturation of this phenotype and to address its parental lineage. Interestingly, individuals most aggressive as adults were less likely to attack in early puberty. However, looking at the transition of agonistic behavior from play fighting to adult aggression, impulsive‐aggressive individuals were less likely to engage in play fighting attacks and more likely to engage in more mature agonistic behavior. Additionally, parental lineages were compared for the aggressive responses expressed by their adult offspring. Most impulsive‐aggressive individuals were offspring of few select males, which were more likely to produce this phenotype, without an association with females or specific litters. These findings identify an abnormal and accelerated development of agonistic behavior in impulsive‐aggressive individuals and a likelihood of heritability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:343–358, 2011.
Effects of social conditions during early development on stress response and personality traits in great tits (Parus major)
Authors: Naguib Marc , Flörcke Cornelia , van Oers Kees 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEnvironmental conditions during early development play a crucial role in shaping an organism's phenotype. To test how social group size affects stress response and behavioral characteristics, we used great tits (Parus major) from selection lines for exploratory behavior, a proxy for an avian personality trait, and birds from the wild in a brood size manipulation experiment. Nestlings were tested for stress response using an established stress test and after independence subjects were tested for exploratory behavior. Nestlings from small broods showed a stronger stress response than nestlings from normal‐sized broods. Exploratory behavior was not affected by brood size but associated with sex ratio in the nest. Birds from female‐biased broods became faster explorers than those from male‐biased broods. The results demonstrate that early social conditions can affect physiological stress responses in nestlings and that behavioral personality traits measured after fledging can be affected by the social experience in the nest. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:592–600, 2011.
Adolescent rats show cognitive rigidity in a test of attentional set shifting
Authors: Newman Lori A. , McGaughy Jill 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAs neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, and mood disorders all impact executive function and are likely to be diagnosed prior to adulthood, it is important to understand the normal ontogeny of executive function. Previous behavioral research has shown that adolescents' executive function is different than that of adults. In the present study, we use a previously validated cognitive test, the intradimensional/extradimensional (ID/ED) set‐shifting task, to assess attentional set shifting and reversal learning in adolescent and adult, male, Long‐Evans rats. These data suggest that adolescent rats are more cognitively rigid than adult rats and have impairments in the shifting, but not formation, of an attentional set. Adolescent rats are also more susceptible to distraction than adult rats when an irrelevant stimulus dimension is introduced as part of a complex stimulus. Moreover, we find that attentional set shifting becomes adult‐like at an earlier age than reversal learning. As these functions are mediated by distinct prefrontal subregions, that is, the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices, respectively, we hypothesize that prefrontal cortical subregions show slightly different developmental trajectories. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:391–401, 2011.
Analysis of the disruption of maternal social bonds inOctodon degus: Separation distress in restricted reunion tests
Authors: Colonnello Valentina , Iacobucci Paolo , Panksepp Jaak 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOctodon degusis a social caviomorph species that exhibits strong social bonds and robust distress responses to maternal separation. To understand the impact of early social isolation on social motivation, we investigated how social isolation during infancy, associated with repeated restricted interactions with mother and siblings, altered social motivation in young degus. In Experiment 1, three treatments were compared: complete isolation (ISOLATED group), nearly complete isolation, with daily half hour partition‐restricted reunions with the mother and siblings (RESTRICTED group), and social‐housing with the mother and siblings (FAMILY group). After 10 days of treatment, all subjects underwent a 5‐day choice test between mothers and unfamiliar females. During the treatment period, the RESTRICTED animals emitted more isolation calls and spent more time close to the partition that separated them from mothers than ISOLATED animals. During the first social‐choice day, FAMILY reared animals showed a preference for the mother for a few minutes, while the RESTRICTED animals preferred the mother for the whole session. Totally ISOLATED pups exhibited no social preferences. Since during successive testing periods the isolation calls decreased over the days, in Experiment 2 we investigated whether this decline was related to age or habituation to testing procedures. Animals were observed during a single exposure to isolation (ISOLATED) or restricted‐reunion (RESTRICTED) at PND 21 and 31. The decrease of vocalizations was due to an age‐effect. The findings clarify the nature of social bonds in degus. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:657–669, 2011.
Glomerulopathy in spontaneously obese rhesus monkeys with type 2 diabetes: a stereological study
Authors: Najafian Behzad , Masood Awais , Malloy Patrick C. , Campos Alfonso , Hansen Barbara C. , Mauer Michael , Caramori M. Luiza 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundAnimal models could provide insights into the diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis; however, available rodent models do not mirror the heterogeneity of lesions in type 2 diabetic patients, and do not progress to end‐stage renal disease. Previous studies showed that spontaneously obese type 2 diabetic rhesus monkeys develop many of the features of human diabetic glomerulopathy, and may progress to end‐stage renal disease. Here, in order to further characterize diabetic glomerulopathy in this model, we used electron microscopic stereology.MethodsRenal biopsies from 17 diabetic, 17 pre‐diabetic/metabolic syndrome and 11 non‐diabetic monkeys were studied. Fractional volumes of mesangium [Vv(Mes/glom)], mesangial matrix [Vv(MM/glom)] and mesangial cells [Vv(MC/glom)], glomerular basement membrane width and peripheral glomerular basement membrane surface density per glomerulus [Sv(PGBM/glom)] were estimated. Glomerular filtration and albumin excretion rates were measured in a limited number of animals. Glomerular structural and biochemical/metabolic data were compared among the groups.ResultsCompared to non‐diabetic monkeys, diabetic rhesus monkeys showed classic diabetic nephropathy changes, including glomerular basement membrane thickening (p = 0.001), increased fractional volumes of mesangium (p = 0.02), and reduced peripheral glomerular basement membrane surface density per glomerulus (p = 0.03) compared to non‐diabetic monkeys. Increased fractional volumes of mesangium was primarily due to increased mesangial matrix (p = 0.03). Glomerular structural parameter inter‐relationships in diabetic monkeys mirrored those of human diabetic glomerulopathy. Albumin excretion rate was greater (p = 0.03) in diabetic vs. non‐diabetic monkeys. There was trend for a positive correlation between albumin excretion rate and fractional volumes of mesangium.ConclusionsThis rhesus primate model shares many features of human diabetic glomerulopathy. Mesangial expansion in this model, similar to human diabetic nephropathy and different from available rodent models of the disease, is primarily due to increased mesangial matrix. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eructophilia in bulimia nervosa: A clinical feature
Authors: Jones William R. , Morgan John F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis report offers the first detailed description of repetitive eructation (belching) in a patient with bulimia nervosa. The case was a man in his 30's with bulimia nervosa characterized by daily bingeing and purging behavior. Detailed assessment revealed repetitive eructation which was construed as a learned behavior precipitated and maintained by aerophagia (air swallowing) secondary to regular binge‐eating. Eructation was associated with a strong sense of “relief” that shared a common phenomenology with other purging behaviors. Repetitive eructation was addressed as part of outpatient treatment using a cognitive‐therapy approach. Eructation became less frequent during outpatient treatment but the patient disengaged after six sessions. We define a new term “eructophilia” where repetitive eructation takes on an ego‐syntonic, self‐contained, and autonomous quality which serves as a reinforcing stimulus in itself. Issues of phenomenology and motivating factors are further discussed. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Investigating the Water Transport in Porous Media for PEMFCs by Liquid Water Visualization in ESEM
Authors: Alink R. , Gerteisen D. , Mérida W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel ex situ method of investigating the water transport in porous media for PEM fuel cells with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is introduced.By applying two different experimental methods, a liquid water pressure gradient is created which is necessary for the liquid water transport in porous media. The first method relies on water condensation on the bottom surface of the GDL to introduce a liquid phase into the porous media. The second method applies an external pressure gradient.The relevance of the methods is shown by visualizing the water formation and transport in different GDL materials with the high spatial resolution of an ESEM.In all experiments, the fingering effect, proposed by other researchers could be confirmed. However, the water formation on the surface of the GDLs is not consistent with the common idea of water formation in GDLs. The methods were also used to investigate the advantageous effect of laser perforating GDLs on fuel cell performance. The water transport visualization near a hole of a laser perforated GDL supports the assumptions of lower liquid water saturation in the GDL (due to effective water transport in the channels), and larger in‐plane water transport towards the perforations.
Quantitative impact of correlation errors on basket options with time‐varying correlations
Authors: Wong Amy S.K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study examines the quantitative impact of correlation errors on basket options with time‐varying correlations and the risk measures (conditional) value‐at‐risk (VaR) in the framework of Basel II. The results show that risk measure misestimation due to correlation errors are the largest and most asymmetric for the at‐the‐money and out‐of‐the‐money basket option. Delta hedging of the basket option reduces risk but increases size and asymmetry effects substantially. Finally, the square‐root‐of‐time rule for VaR does not adjust adequately to correlation errors and consistently underestimates risk measures, which could lead to the VaR exceedance clustering observed during the recent financial crisis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Functional networks for cognitive control in a stop signal task: Independent component analysis
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Chiang‐shan R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCognitive control is a critical executive function of the human brain. Many studies have combined general linear modeling and the stop signal task (SST) to delineate the component processes of cognitive control. For instance, by contrasting stop success (SS) and stop error (SE) trials in the SST, investigators examined the neural processes underlying stop signal inhibition (SS > SE) and error processing (SE > SS). To complement this parameterized approach, here, we employed a data‐driven method—independent component analysis (ICA)—to elucidate neural networks and the relationship between neural networks subserving cognitive control. In 59 adults performing the SST during fMRI, we characterized six independent components with ICA. These functional networks, temporally sorted for go success, SS, and SE trials as the events of interest, included a motor cortical network for motor preparation and execution; a right fronto‐parietal network for attentional monitoring; a left fronto‐parietal network for response inhibition; a midline cortico‐subcortical network for error processing; a cuneus–precuneus network for behavioral engagement; and a “default” network for self‐referential processing. Across subjects the event‐associated weights of these functional networks showed a distinct pattern of correlation. These results provide new insight into the component processes of cognitive control. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of different surgical approaches in T2 glottic cancer
Authors: Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Psychogios Georgios , Koch Michael , Zenk Johannes , Waldfahrer Frank , Iro Heinrich 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the oncologic results of endoscopic and open surgical techniques in treating T2 glottic carcinomas.MethodsThe medical chart of 354 patients with T2 glottic cancer managed with primary surgery were reviewed. Laser microsurgery and frontolateral partial laryngectomy were compared for disease‐specific survival and local control rates, incidence of major complications, and related tracheostomies. Additionally, the influence of the anterior commissure invasion on these oncologic parameters was evaluated.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the surgical procedures regarding our oncologic parameters. A lower incidence of tracheotomies and complications were comparatively found for laser surgery. Tumor invasion of the anterior commissure did not seem to influence the oncologic results.ConclusionTransoral surgery seems to be the treatment of choice for T2 glottic cancer. In our view, open partial laryngectomy should be reserved for those cases in which the lesion cannot be adequately exposed by direct microlaryngoscopy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012