bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of 3 anesthetic protocols for 24 hours of mechanical ventilation in cats
Authors: Boudreau Ainsley E. , Bersenas Alexa M.E. , Kerr Carolyn L. , Holowaychuk Marie K. , Johnson Ron J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the recovery times, recovery quality, and cardiovascular (CV) effects of 3 anesthetic protocols during 24 hours of mechanical ventilation (MV) in healthy cats.DesignProspective, randomized, crossover study.SettingResearch laboratory at a veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsSix healthy intact male purpose‐bred cats.InterventionsEach cat was randomly assigned to receive 3 anesthetic protocols for 24 hours of MV; Protocol K consisted of ketamine, Protocol P, propofol; and Protocol PK, propofol plus fixed‐rate low‐dose ketamine. Each infusion drug dose was adjusted using a sedation scoring system. All protocols included fixed doses of fentanyl (10 μg/kg/h) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg/h).Measurements and Main ResultsDrug doses and recovery times were recorded. Recovery quality was scored. Blood gas results, CV parameters, and frequency of bradycardia or hypotension requiring interventions were recorded. The mean d dose ± standard error of K was 81.3 ± 3.3 μg/kg/m. The median dose (95% cardiac index) of propofol (μg/kg/m) in PK was 16.0 (13.1, 19.6) and in P was 48.1 (39.3, 58.9). P necessitated significantly more propofol than PK (P< 0.05). Protocol K (35.6 ± 3.2 hours) had significantly longer times to full recovery compared to P (18.2 ± 3.2 hours). Protocol K had significantly longer times to head up, crawling, and standing compared to P and PK. Cats sedated with PK (2.33 ± 0.47) required significantly more interventions for hypotension than K (0.50 ± 0.47). Protocol P (3.2 ± 0.4) and PK (1.4 ± 0.3) required significantly more interventions for bradycardia compared to K (0.8 ± 0.3). When comparing protocol K to P and PK, significant differences in blood pressure, lactate, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption were noted.ConclusionsCats anesthetized with P had shorter times to full recovery compared to K. Cats anesthetized with K required fewer interventions for bradycardia or hypotension but had longer recovery times compared to P or PK. Protocol PK reduced the propofol dose required to maintain optimal anesthesia.
Mechanisms of injury and emergency care of acute spinal cord injury in dogs and cats
Authors: Park Edward H. , White George A. , Tieber Lisa M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo review the literature in regards to the pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury, and to describe current concepts in regards to patient assessment, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures with a special emphasis on emergency and critical care considerations.EtiologyAcute spinal cord injury occurs in 2 phases. The primary injury occurs at the time of initial injury and may include intervertebral disk herniation, vertebral fracture or luxation, penetrating injury, and vascular anomalies such as fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy. Secondary injury occurs following primary injury and is multifactorial encompassing numerous biochemical and vascular events that result in progression of injury.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is based on history and physical examination findings. A neurologic examination should be performed following initial patient assessment and stabilization. Further diagnostics to characterize acute spinal injury include radiographs and advanced imaging modalities such as myelography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging.TherapyInitial treatment should focus on addressing the patient's cardiovascular and respiratory system. Supportive measures to support systemic perfusion are vital to minimizing secondary injury. Specific therapy toward minimizing secondary injury in veterinary medicine remains controversial, especially in regards to the utilization of methylprednisolone. Other therapies are either in need of additional research or have failed to document clinical difference.PrognosisThe prognosis for acute spinal injury is varied and is dependent upon the presence of concurrent trauma, location, and type of primary injury sustained, and extent of neurologic impairment at the time of initial presentation. The etiology of the underlying trauma is of great importance in determining prognosis and outcome. Loss of deep pain is generally accepted as a poor prognostic indicator; however, even these patients can recover depending on their response to treatment.
Severe burn injury, burn shock, and smoke inhalation injury in small animals. Part 1: Burn classification and pathophysiology
Authors: Vaughn Lindsay , Beckel Nicole 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo review the literature related to severe burn injury (SBI), burn shock, and smoke inhalation injury in domestic animals. Current animal‐ and human‐based research and literature were evaluated to provide an overview of thermal burn classification and the pathophysiology of burn shock and smoke inhalation injury.EtiologySevere burn injury, burn shock, and smoke inhalation injury may be encountered as a result of thermal injury, radiation injury, chemical injury, or electrical injury.DiagnosisBurns can be subdivided based on the amount of total body surface area (TBSA) involved and the depth of the burn. Local burn injuries involve <20% of the TBSA whereas SBI involves >20–30% of the TBSA. The modern burn classification system classifies burns by increasing depth: superficial, superficial partial‐thickness, deep partial‐thickness, and full‐thickness.SummaryLocal burn injury rarely leads to systemic illness whereas SBI leads to significant metabolic derangements that require immediate and intensive management. SBI results in a unique derangement of cardiovascular dysfunction known as “burn shock.” The physiologic changes that occur with SBI can be divided into 2 distinct phases; the resuscitation phase and the hyperdynamic hypermetabolic phase. The resuscitation phase occurs immediately following SBI and lasts for approximately 24–72 hours. This period of hemodynamic instability is characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators, increased vascular permeability, reduced cardiac output, and edema formation. The hyperdynamic hypermetabolic phase begins approximately 3–5 days after injury. This phase is characterized by hyperdynamic circulation and an increased metabolic rate that can persist up to 24 months post burn injury in people.
Development of a limited‐sampling model for prediction of doxorubicin exposure in dogs
Authors: Wittenburg L. A. , Thamm D. H. , Gustafson D. L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between drug dose and exposure (pharmacokinetics, PK) and the relationship between exposure and effect (pharmacodynamics) is an important component of pharmacology when attempting to predict clinical effects of anticancer drugs. PK studies can provide a better understanding of these relationships; however, they often involve intensive sampling over an extended period of time, resulting in increased cost and decreased compliance. Doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most widely used antineoplastic agents in veterinary cancer therapy, is characterized by large interpatient variability in overall drug exposure and the development and degree of myelosuppression following equivalent dosages. We have developed and validated a limited‐sampling strategy forDOX, in which three blood samples are obtained over 1 h post‐treatment, that accurately predicts patient exposure. This strategy could allow for refining of dosing variables and utilization of therapeutic drug monitoring to ensure optimized dosing.
Characteristics, Interventions, and Outcomes of Women Who Used a Birthing Pool: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Burns Ethel E. , Boulton Mary G. , Cluett Elizabeth , Cornelius Victoria R. , Smith Lesley A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundBirthing pools are integrated into maternity care in the United Kingdom and are a popular care option for women in midwifery‐led units and at home. The objective of this study was to describe and compare maternal characteristics, intrapartum events, interventions, and maternal and neonatal outcomes by planned place of birth for women who used a birthing pool.MethodsA total of 8,924 women at low risk of childbirth complications were recruited from care settings in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsOverall, 7,915 (88.9%) women had a spontaneous birth (5,192, 58.3% water births), of whom 4,953 (55.5%) were nulliparas. Fewer nulliparas whose planned place of birth was the community (freestanding midwifery unit or home) had labor augmentation by artificial membrane rupture (149, 11.3% [95% CI: 9.6–13.1]), compared with an alongside midwifery unit (271, 22.7% [95% CI: 20.3–25.2]), or obstetric unit (639, 26.3% [95% CI: 24.5–28.1]). Results were similar for epidural analgesia and episiotomy. More community nulliparas had spontaneous birth (1,172, 88.9% [95% CI: 87.1–90.6]), compared with birth in an alongside midwifery unit (942, 79% [95% CI: 76.6–81.3]) and obstetric unit (1,923, 79.2% [95% CI: 77.5–80.8]); and fewer required hospital transfer (265, 20% [95% CI: 17–22.2]) compared with those in an alongside midwifery unit (370, 31% [95% CI: 28.3–33.7]). Results for multiparas and newborns were similar across care settings. Twenty babies had an umbilical cord snap, 18 (90%) of which occurred during water birth.ConclusionsBirthing pool use was associated with a high frequency of spontaneous birth, particularly among nulliparas. Findings revealed differences in midwifery practice between obstetric units, alongside midwifery units, and the community, which may affect outcomes, particularly for nulliparas. No evidence was found for a difference across care settings in interventions or outcomes in multiparas or in outcomes for newborns. During water birth, it is important to prevent undue traction on the cord as the baby is guided to the surface. (BIRTH 39:3 September 2012)
Physical Health and Recovery in the First 18 Months Postpartum: Does Cesarean Section Reduce Long‐Term Morbidity?
Authors: Woolhouse Hannah , Perlen Susan , Gartland Deirdre , Brown Stephanie J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundResearch examining long‐term health outcomes for women after childbirth has been limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the natural history of common morbidities in the 18 months after the birth of a first child, and to explore the hypothesis that women who have a cesarean section for a first birth experience less overall morbidity in the postnatal period.MethodsA prospective nulliparous pregnancy cohort study was conducted of 1,507 women recruited in early pregnancy from six public hospitals in Melbourne, Australia (mean gestation 15 weeks). Follow‐up questionnaires at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postpartum included standardized measures of urinary and fecal incontinence, and a symptom checklist asking about common physical health problems.ResultsAt 6, 12, and 18 months postpartum, no statistically significant differences were found in the proportion of women reporting three or more health problems by method of birth. Compared with women who had a spontaneous vaginal birth, women who had a cesarean section were more likely to report extreme tiredness at 6 months postpartum (adjusted OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.07–1.82) and at 12 months postpartum (adjusted OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.05–1.85), and were more likely to report back pain at 6 months postpartum (adjusted OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.06–1.77) and at 12 months postpartum (adjusted OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.06–1.87). Women who had a cesarean section were less likely to report urinary incontinence at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum, respectively (adjusted OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.19–0.36; adjusted OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.25–0.52; adjusted OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33–0.68). For all other physical health problems the pattern of morbidity did not differ between cesarean section and spontaneous vaginal birth.ConclusionsPhysical health problems commonly persist or recur throughout the first 18 months postpartum, with potential long‐term consequences for women's health. Cesarean section does not result in women experiencing less overall morbidity in the postpartum period compared with women who have a spontaneous vaginal birth. (BIRTH 39:3 September 2012).
Perceived Alcohol Stigma: Factor Structure and Construct Validation
Authors: Glass Joseph E. , Kristjansson Sean D. , Bucholz Kathleen K. 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionThere has been an increasing interest in studying the stigma of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) yet scant research has evaluated the conceptualization and measurement of alcohol stigma. This study examined the measurement properties (i.e., factor structure) and validity of the alcohol‐adapted Perceived Devaluation‐Discrimination scale (PDD), which assesses the construct of perceived alcohol stigma (PAS).MethodsOur sample included 34,386 respondents from the Wave 2 assessment in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a population‐representative survey of noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. Analytic procedures included confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.ResultsOne‐factor (perceived devaluation–discrimination) and 2‐factor (perceived devaluation, perceived discrimination) confirmatory factor analytic models fit the data well (Comparative Fit Index = 0.958, Tucker‐Lewis Index = 0.942, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.056; Comparative Fit Index = 0.962, Tucker‐Lewis Index = 0.946, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.054; respectively) when adjusting for item wording effects with a latent method factor. Despite having a better fit to the data, χ2 (1) = 542, p < 0.0001, the 2 factors were highly correlated (r = 0.90), which led us to favor a 1‐factor model. Structural equation models found that the inverse relationship between PAS and perceived interpersonal social support was strongest for persons with a stigmatized labeling status. The same was not true in analyses predicting social network involvement.ConclusionsA 1‐factor solution of PAS had superior parsimony. The alcohol‐adapted PDD appears to be a psychometrically sound measure and exhibits relationships that are consistent with modified labeling theory.
Surgical Treatment of an Intracranial Epidermoid Cyst in a Dog
Authors: De Decker Steven , Davies Emma , Benigni Livia , Wilson Helen , Pelligand Ludovic , Rayner Emma L. , Shihab Nadia , Volk Holger A. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo report challenges and complications associated with surgical intracranial epidermoid cyst removal from the fourth ventricle of a dog.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalLabrador retriever (7 years old) with focal seizures.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an oval lesion in the fourth ventricle. This lesion was heterogeneously hyperintense onT2‐weighted and fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images and hypointense onT1‐weighted images. Dilatation of the ventricular system was present. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) was placed and the fourth ventricle was approached by suboccipital craniectomy. An oval, white mass was identified in the fourth ventricle. Subtotal removal of the mass was performed.ResultsOn the day after surgery, neurologic deterioration was observed. The dog had severe cerebellar and brainstem dysfunction. Histopathologic examination of the removed tissue revealed an epidermoid cyst. The dog experienced gradual neurologic improvement; however, neurologic deterioration beginning at 6 months resulted in euthanasia 8 months after surgery. On necropsy, epidermoid cyst tissue was identified in the fourth ventricle.ConclusionSurgical removal of an intracranial epidermoid cyst may be complicated by adhesions between the cyst capsule and surrounding neurovascular structures, causing postoperative morbidity and eventual recurrence of clinical signs. These observations should be taken into account when considering surgical removal of an intracranial epidermoid cyst.
Fracture of the Patella after TPLO in 6 Dogs
Authors: Rutherford Scott , Bell Jonathan C. , Ness Malcolm G. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical findings of dogs that sustained patellar fractures after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs with patellar fractures that occurred after TPLO surgery (n = 6).MethodsMedical records (November 1, 2008–October 31, 2010) were reviewed to identify dogs with patellar fracture occurring after TPLO.ResultsSix of 305 (2%) dogs had a patellar fracture after TPLO; 5 dogs were clinically lame when the fracture was diagnosed and all had radiographic evidence of patellar tendon thickening. All dogs were treated nonsurgically. In 2 dogs where follow‐up radiographs were available there was no evidence of fracture union. No dog had a persistent lameness.ConclusionFracture of the patella is an uncommon complication of TPLO surgery. Nonsurgical management can provide a satisfactory functional outcome.
The Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS) for Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: Testing Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of a Previously Established Measure
Authors: FORD JESSICA , FINCH JOHN F. , WOODROW LAWRENCE K. , CUTITTA KATHERINE E. , SHEA JULIE , FISCHER AVI , HAZELTON GARRETT , SEARS SAMUEL F. 
Published: July 2012

Background: The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) reduces mortality in patients at risk for life‐threatening arrhythmias via high energy shock. The Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS) was developed to measure ICD patient shock‐related anxiety. Initial psychometric evaluation revealed good reliability and validity. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometrics of the FSAS in a large US sample of ICD patients.
Methods: Participants were recruited via e‐mail and the survey was completed online. Ultimately, 443 ICD patients (359 male and 421 White) completed the 10‐item FSAS.
Results: Means for FSAS were comparable to previously published data (M = 15.18, SD = 6.5). Interitem reliability was good (Cronbach's α= 0.89). The FSAS was negatively correlated with single‐item measures of emotional well‐being (r =–0.378, P < 0.01), sense of security (r =–0.365, P < 0.01), perceived general health (r =–0.185, P < 0.01), and quality of life (r =–0.216, P < .01), demonstrating discriminant validity. Convergent validity was supported through significant correlations with number of shocks (r = 0.464, P < 0.01) and reported disruptiveness of shock (r = 0.484, P < 0.01). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a single (second‐order) factor model (χ2 [34] = 75.34, P < 0.05, comparative fit index = 0.98, root mean‐square error of approximation = 0.05) had the best fit.
Conclusions: Shock anxiety as a construct can be measured in a reliable and valid method by the FSAS. These nationally representative data suggest that a single score for shock anxiety is an easy to use and appropriate method of assessment. (PACE 2012; 35:1146–1153)
Comparative Study of Same Sitting Hybrid Coronary Artery Revascularization versus Off‐Pump Coronary Artery Bypass in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: BACHINSKY WILLIAM B. , ABDELSALAM MURAD , BOGA GOUTHAMI , KILJANEK LUKASZ , MUMTAZ MUBASHIR , MCCARTY CHRISTINE 
Published: July 2012

Objective:
We compared the outcomes of same sitting robotic‐assisted hybrid coronary artery revascularization (HCR) with off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) in similar patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.
Background:
HCR is a novel procedure in selected patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). Although there are some data on staged HCR, the data on same sitting HCR are limited.
Methods:
We conducted a prospective study comparing same sitting robotic‐assisted HCR patients (n = 25) to a group of consecutive low to moderate risk OPCABG patients (n = 27) during the study period. HCR patients underwent robotic internal mammary artery takedown followed by OPCABG via minithoracotomy. After confirming graft patency, immediate percutaneous coronary intervention on the nonbypass arteries was performed. Comparative analyses were performed on in‐hospital and 30 day outcomes.
Results:
The baseline characteristics were similar for both groups including the severity of CAD (Syntax score 33.5+/−8.2 vs. 34.9+/−8.2, P = 0.556). Overall MACE was similar between both groups; however, the HCR group showed improved hospital outcomes with lower need for postoperative transfusions (12% vs. 67%, P < 0.001), and shorter length of hospital stay (5.1+/−2.8 vs. 8.2+/−5.4 days, P < 0.01). Despite lower postoperative costs, the HCR group had higher overall hospital costs due to higher procedural costs ($33,984 +/−$4,806 vs. $27,816+/−$11,172, P < 0.0001). Propensity model analysis showed similar findings. The HCR group showed improved quality of life measures with shorter time to return to work (5.3+/−3.0 vs. 8.2+/− 4.6 weeks, P = 0.01).
Conclusions:
Same sitting HCR appears to be feasible and may offer superior outcomes to standard OPCABG, further studies are warranted. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:460–468)
Measuring State Environmental Policy
Authors: Konisky David M. , Woods Neal D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractStudies of environmental policy employ various empirical strategies for measuring state environmental effort. The majority of these strategies can be divided into four categories: indices of state programmatic indicators, government expenditures, pollution abatement costs, and regulatory enforcement actions. In this article, we argue that these measures are empirically distinct, capture different attributes of state environmental policy, and are correlated with different intrastate factors. Thus, the choice among environmental policy measures is substantively important for researchers to consider, and we conclude by providing advice to scholars concerning choosing among these measures.
The Role of Experts in the European Union's Research Policy
Authors: Tamtik Merli , Sá Creso M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis research analyzes the role of experts in the European Union's policy‐making process. Focusing on the field of research policy, this study seeks to probe how expert participation in the Open Method of Coordination informs policy decisions. The paper reports on an analysis of the expert group in the European Internationalization Strategy in Science and Technology. Our analysis reveals the dynamics of expert participation at the micro level, as it identifies who these experts are, how they are appointed, and in what ways expert knowledge gets used in policy making.
The Shale Gas Revolution: U.S. and EU Policy and Research Agendas
Authors: Boersma Tim , Johnson Corey 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe “shale gas revolution” raises a host of questions for policy makers and researchers on both sides of the Atlantic. We provide a brief overview of the regulatory environment as it relates to hydraulic fracturing for natural gas in the United States and the European Union. We then pose a set of open questions, which we believe should shape policy and research agendas surrounding shale gas wherever the development of this resource is being pursued or considered.