bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) NEAR GUELPH, ONTARIO
Authors: Golini Victor I. , Wright Russell E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA total of 34 species of female tabanids were collected with CO2-traps from four different habitats near Guelph, Ont., during the 1971, 1972, and 1973 fly seasons. Nearly equal numbers of species were trapped at the Ontario Reformatory, Preston, Kortright, and the Hanlon Creek watershed, comprising a total of 15 Chrysops spp., 12 Hybomitra spp., 6 Tabanus spp., and 1 Atylotus sp. Relative abundance and flight periods are reported for each species. Chrysops frigidus O. S. and Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macq.) were the most abundant species among their respective tribes; their abundance was related directly to degree of soil wetness, differing from that of Tabanus similis Macq. and T. quinquevittatus Wd. which was related inversely to these habitat types. The flight period of nearly 85% of the sampled population, consisting mainly of C. frigidus, H. lasiophthalma, and H. epistates (O.S.), spanned from the end of May till mid-July. T. quinquevittatus, T. lineola Fab., and H. epistates occurred till mid-September.
THERMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COLEOMEGILLA MACULATA (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) AND ITS PARASITE PERILITUS COCCINELLAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Obrycki John J. , Tauber Maurice J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe optimum temperature range for development and survival of the predacious coccinellid Coleomegilla maculata and its parasite Perilitus coccinellae is 24° to 26.7°C. Theoretical thresholds for development (t) of the pre-imaginal stages of C. maculata range from 9° to 13°C. Total development (from oviposition to adult emergence) of the beetle requires an accumulation of 236 heat degree days (K) above 11.3°C (t), whereas the development of P. coccinellae requires 395 heat degree days (K) above 9.8°C (t). To predict the seasonal interaction between C. maculata and P. coccinellae, and to manage C. maculata efficiently as a biological control agent, it is vital to know the thermal and dietary requirements of the two species.
HYMENOCHARA, A NEW GENUS OF ALLECULIDAE (COLEOPTERA) BASED ONMYCETOCHARA RUFIPESAND A NEW SPECIES FROM ARIZONA
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHymenochara, a new genus of Alleculidae, is described based onMycetochara rufipes(J. E. LeConte) from eastern North America andHymenochara arizonensisnew species, from Arizona.
EFFICACY OF MIXTURES OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, VIRUSES, AND CHLORDIMEFORM AGAINST INSECTS ON CABBAGE
Authors: Jaques R. P. , Laing D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of mixtures of chlordimeform with Bacillus thuringiensis and(or) Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Pieris rapae granulosis virus against Trichoplusia ni and Pieris rapae on the late cabbage was assessed in field plots over four growing seasons. Mixtures of 0.07 kg of chlordimeform/ha (1/8 of the recommended dosage) with low concentrations of the microbial insecticides were as effective or more effective than the materials used alone at full rates. The advantages of such mixtures in pest management are discussed.
EVALUATION OF THE RE-EMERGENCE PROCESS OF PARENT ADULT DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Coulson Robert N. , Fargo W. Scott , Pulley Paul E. , Foltz John L. , Pope Don N. , Richerson Jim V. , Payne Thomas L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe process of re-emergence of Dendroctonus frontalis parent adults was investigated using emergence traps placed systematically along the bole of infested loblolly pine, Pinus taeda. Daily collections of the traps showed the re-emergence pattern by height through time. Re-emergence/100 cm2 (Y) was described as a function of time (X) by the model Y = C(18X)B−1 exp (−A(18X)B) + ɛε for intervals along the infested bole. Peak re-emergence occurred shortly after peak attack density and continued 16–20 days. Highest re-emergence density occurred at the midportion of the infested bole and tapered to the ends. The same model was used to describe re-emergence as an average process for the entire tree. For convenience in evaluating expected re-emergence totals over a time span, the cumulative form of the model was fit to the data. The proportion of re-emergence was studied using bark samples taken at the beginning and end of the process and was found to be 97% of the attacking adult population. An empirical distribution function was developed and the probability of re-emergence described using the function Y = ABCXB−1 exp (−AXB) + ɛε, where Y = the probability of re-emergence at a time X in days given that a beetle was present on day 1 of the process. The cumulative form of this model was also provided.Using laboratory bioassays parent adults were tested and found to respond to the attractant mixture of frontalin, trans-verbenol, and loblolly pine turpentine.Re-emergence may play several functions in the population dynamics of D. frontalis: conditioning host trees through mass colonization; establishing brood populations through multiple re-emergence, thereby efficiently allocating egg populations; identifying new hosts and aggregating populations through pheromone production; and maintenance of continuity in pheromone production at the active portion of the infestation, thereby identifying the location of trees under colonization. The prolonged re-emergence period was suggested to be of survival value to the insect in that local short term disasters would affect only a small proportion of the re-emerging population. The number of re-emergences and proportions of re-emergence were suggested to be related to oviposition per parent adult and hence attack density.
SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF THE TOBACCO BUDWORM,HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IRRADIATED AS DIAPAUSING AND YOUNG NONDIAPAUSING PUPAE
Authors: Proshold F. I. , North D. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPupal survival, mating, and sperm transfer in tobacco budworms,Heliothis virescens(F.), irradiated as diapause pupae, decreased proportionately with increasing doses of 3, 5, and 7.5 krad. Also, the fertility of tobacco budworms irradiated as nondiapause pupae and of the F1progeny of such males decreased with increasing dose. When the female partner received eupyrene sperm, insects irradiated while the pupae were in diapause were fertile as were their progeny. Therefore, it does not appear plausible to irradiate diapause pupae of our strain of tobacco budworms to obtain sterile insects for a release program.
FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF FEMALE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Sanders C. J. , Wallace D. R. , Lucuik G. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemale budworm flight activity was monitored automatically at seven constant temperatures ranging from 10° to 25°C. Flight activity was negligible below 17.5°C, but considerable oviposition occurred as low as 15°C. It is therefore possible that during cool weather the number of insects dispersing is reduced, with the result that a larger proportion of the eggs are laid in the stand of origin.
THE CULICOIDES VARIIPENNIS COMPLEX: A NECESSARY RE-ALIGNMENT OF NOMENCLATURE (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Downes J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCulicoides variipennis (Coquillett) and the form described as C. variipennis occidentalis by Wirth and Jones (1957) occur sympatrically and without intermediates in British Columbia and Washington; occidentalis should therefore be given specific rank. The three other subspecies described by Wirth and Jones (sonorensis, albertensis, australis) are appropriately regarded as subspecies of occidentalis.
THE CHORIONIC STRUCTURE OF THE EGGS OF SOME SPECIES OF BUMBLEBEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE: BOMBINAE), AND ITS USE IN TAXONOMY
Authors: Salkeld E. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe surface features and the fine structure of the chorion of the bumblebee egg are described. The egg is covered by a reticulum of polygonal cells with elevated walls and with variously shaped protuberances at the wall junctions, except at each pole where the reticulum evanesces, Differences in the shape, size, and surface sculpturing of the protuberances and in the appearance of the walls are species-specific and a key to the eggs of the nine species is provided. The very thin chorion is composed of two parts with a third part comprising the walls of the polygonal cells; the egg possesses no aeropylar openings and micropylar openings were not found.
LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE CRUCIFER FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON CRUCIFEROUS CROPS IN ONTARIO
Authors: Kinoshita G. B. , Harris C. R. , Svec H. J. , McEwen F. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of major economic importance on cruciferous crops in Canada. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of insecticides which have been, or currently are used in Ontario, or which might have potential for its control. Twenty of 22 insecticides tested in the laboratory were toxic or moderately toxic by direct contact against adults. Carbofuran was 55 times and eight other insecticides 2.9 to 5.5 times more toxic than endosulfan. Of eight insecticides tested as soil treatments, diazinon, carbofuran, and dieldrin were most toxic to adults. All insecticides were less toxic in organic than in mineral soil. In field studies, concentrations of DDT and dieldrin typical of those found in mineral soils used for crucifer production in Ontario in the late 1960’s reduced crucifer flea beetle damage to radishes. As organochlorine insecticide residues decline a higher percentage of crucifer flea beetle population will survive necessitating greater emphasis on control. Two sprays of parathion, carbaryl, or endosulfan significantly reduced crucifer flea beetle damage to radishes in the early part of the growing season under moderate insect pressure. These control programs were less effective during warmer weather and(or) under severe crucifer flea beetle pressure. Soil applications of terbufos, carbofuran, and oxamyl protected cabbage grown in seed beds from attack. The latter was slightly phytotoxic. Planting–water treatments using azinphosmethyl, diazinon, and oxamyl protected cabbage transplants against early season crucifer flea beetle attack. On late cabbage, fensulfothion, azinphosmethyl, carbaryl, endosulfan, and chlorfenvinphos gave good protection.
REVISION OF THE TRIBE QUEDIINI OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE). SUPPLEMENTUM 4
Authors: Smetana Aleš 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new taxa of Quediini (Staphylinidae) are described:Heterothops giulianiispec, nov. (California), andAcylophorus(Acylophorus)zdenaespec. nov. (Illinois, Louisiana, Texas). A revised key to North American species ofHeterothopsSteph. is presented as well as revised couplets for the keys to the genera of Quediini and species ofAcylophorus. A lectotype is designated forQuedius compransorFall.Additional data on taxonomy, bionomics, and geographical distribution of many species are presented.
FIELD EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC SEX PHEROMONE ATTRACTANTS FOR THE EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) AND THREE LEAFROLLER SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: MacLellan C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSynthetic sex pheromones were evaluated in apple orchards against the pests Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), Archips argyrospilus (Walker), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and Pandemis limitata (Robinson). Significant correlations between spring larval counts and captures of males in summer in pheromone traps occurred only at moderate to high population levels. Correlations between captures of males in summer and fruit damage occurred only with S. ocellana. The attractants for S. ocellana, A. argyrospilus, and C. rosaceana appear satisfactory but that for P. limitata, possibly due to species identification uncertainty and low populations, requires further evaluation.
THE DETERMINATION OF SETAL HOMOLOGIES AND SETAL PATTERNS ON THE DORSAL SHIELD IN THE FAMILY PHYTOSEIIDAE (ACARINA: MESOSTIGMATA)
Authors: Rowell H. J. , Chant D. A. , Hansell R. I. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe chaetotactic nomenclature proposed by Lindquist and Evans (1965) for the Gamasina, using the family Ascidae as examplar, is adopted for use in the family Phytoseiidae. Probable setal homologies were determined by: examining and comparing ontogenetic relationships in both the Phytoseiidae and Ascidae; standardizing the shape and size of the dorsal shield of exemplars from 7 genera of Phytoseiidae and one of Ascidae in order to compare standardized, transformed setal positions; examining the spatial relationships between setal and pore positions. The technique used to standardize the shape and size of the dorsal shield is described. The setal nomenclature adopted for each of the genera of Phytoseiidae is discussed and presented in diagrammatic form. Ventral chaetotaxy in the Ascidae and Phytoseiidae is also discussed.
OVERWINTER SURVIVAL OF SPEAR-MARKED BLACK MOTH, RHEUMAPTERA HASTATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), PUPAE IN INTERIOR ALASKA
Authors: Werner Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSnow depth is the most important environmental factor in the survival of overwintering Rheumaptera hastata (L.) pupae in interior Alaska. Pupae spend the winter in the leaf litter where litter temperatures are directly related to snow depth at given air temperatures. Winter survival is also dependent on the cessation of pupal development (diapause) and the development of cold-hardiness which is induced by certain physiological processes such as supercooling and changes in glycerol and carbohydrate levels. Glycerol content and supercooling are dependent on changes in carbohydrate levels which in turn are directly related to changes in the rate of pupal development prior to diapause.
EGG PRODUCTION, OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR, AND SEX RATIOS OF BESSA HARVEYI (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) PARASITIZING THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Turnock W. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn Manitoba, the emergence of Bessa harveyi (Townsend) adults is well synchronized with the availability of larvae of its major host, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig). Mating occurs within 3 days of emergence and the females begin egg-laying 1–2 days later. Mean longevity was about 7 days for males and 12 days for females. Total egg production per female averaged 40 and 30 in 2 years with a maximum of 169 eggs from a single female. The total number of eggs laid per female was positively correlated with temperature.
A COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE VENOM APPARATUS OF FEMALE BRACONIDS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Edson Kathryn M. , Vinson S. Bradleigh 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe venom apparatus was examined in 160 species of female Braconidae. The venom apparatus is illustrated for females of 26 representative genera and those of the remaining females are described.Our findings indicate that there are two types of venom apparatus present in Braconidae. Type 1 is found in females of subfamilies having more ancestral character states: Doryctinae, Spathiinae, Braconinae, Opiinae, Rogadinae, Alysiinae, and Ichneutinae. Typically, type 1 venom apparatus consists of a cone-shaped reservoir which is surrounded by many longitudinal and circular muscles and lined with a relatively thick cuticular intima, gland filaments, and a venom duct. Type 2 is found in females of subfamilies having more derived character states: Cheloninae, Microgasterinae, Agathidinae, Macrocentrinae, Helconinae, Neoneurinae, Centistinae, Paxylommatinae, and Euphorinae. Typically, type 2 consists of a thin-walled reservoir surrounded by relatively few muscles, two gland filaments, and a venom duct.The Aphidiinae is the only subfamily in which the females examined have both types of venom apparatus represented. Of those genera examined, only females ofPraonhave type 2, while females of the remaining genera have type 1 venom apparatus.Braconid females with type 1 venom apparatus are either ectoparasitoids or endoparasitoids which pupate within the host remains, while those females with type 2 are endoparasitoids which pupate outside the host remains.
REVISION OF THE WOLF SPIDER GENUSALOPECOSASIMON IN NORTH AMERICA (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE)
Authors: Dondale C. D. , Redner J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genusAlopecosaSimon is revised for North America. A general description for the group is given, and a key to species is presented. Seven species are represented in North America:A.aculeata(Clerck, 1757) from Alaska to Newfoundland and southward to Arizona;A.kochi(Keyserling, 1877) (=Tarentula gertschiSchenkel, 1951 syn. n., =Lycosa jollensisSchenkel, 1951 syn. n.) from southern B.C., southern Ontario, and western and northern U.S.A.;A.pulverulenta(Clerck, 1757) (=Tarentula aquilonarisFox, 1940 syn. n.), recorded from the Nearctic on the basis of a female from Attu Island, Alaska;A.exasperans(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) from the Canadian Arctic islands;A.mutabilis(Kulczynski, 1908) from northern Alaska;A.pictilis(Emerton, 1885) from Alaska to Labrador and New Hampshire; andA.hirtipes(Kulczynski, 1907) (=Tarentula hirtaKulczynski, 1908, syn. n., =Lycosa asivakEmerton, 1919, syn. n., =Tarentula hamiltoniChamberlin & Ivie, 1947, syn. n.) from Alaska to northern Quebec.
SEX RATIO VARIABILITY OFMUSCIDIFURAX ZARAPTOR(HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemales ofMuscidifurax zaraptorK. & L. produce a smaller percentage of female progeny as the ratio of ovipositing females to hosts (house fly pupae) increases. Delays in oviposition are apparently responsible for the sex ratio change, because they reduce the percentage of fertilized eggs, i.e. female eggs, that the parasites lay. Delays increase in frequency as the parasite:host ratio increases, and result mostly from interference among the ovipositing females; the interference is mostly or entirely physical. Solitary females ofM.zaraptorproduce slightly fewer though not significantly fewer female progeny when low host densities delay oviposition; more tests would be required to confirm this effect. There is no evidence for differential survival of the male and female parasite larvae on superparasitized hosts.
HOST SPECIFICITY AND SUITABILITY OF LEMA CYANELLA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)
Authors: Peschken D.P. , Johnson G.R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe host specificity of Lema cyanella (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its suitability as a biological control agent were investigated. The females lay an average of 1564 eggs and development from egg to adult takes 17.6 days at 25°C during the day and 20°C during the night (average about 23°C). Feeding of adults and larvae is confined to Cirsium, Carduus, and Silybum species, and according to literature records, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. is the main host. No economic plants are attacked. A colony of field collected beetles imported from Germany was infected with a Nosema disease. It is recommended that disease free L. cyanella should be released against the weed C. arvense in North America.
PLEURAL MORPHOLOGY IN SCELIONID WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) — AN AID TO HIGHER CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe importance of pleural characters in Scelionidae is discussed and assessed. Two new terms, peculiar to some Scelionidae, are proposed, viz. the netrion for a specialized area on sides of pronotum, and mesopleural carina for a diagonal keel on mesopleuron (mesepisternum). Netrion and mesopleural carina are considered important characters for higher classification of the Scelionidae. The proposed characters are reviewed in the suprageneric categories (tribes and subfamilies) of the Scelionidae. The tribe Tiphodytini n. stat. is reinstated and removed from the synonymy with Thoronini, partly on account of the pleural characters.
DIRECT, INDIRECT, AND RESIDUAL TOXICITIES OF INSECTICIDE SPRAYS TO WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Rappaport Nancy G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe toxicities of acephate, aminocarb, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methomyl, mexacarbate, permethrin, and trichlorfon to last instar western spruce budworm,Choristoneura occidentalisFreeman, were significantly altered by the presence of host-plant foliage. The pyrethroid permethrin was significantly more toxic when sprayed directly on fully exposed larvae than when first sprayed on foliage. However, all other toxicants were more toxic sprayed on foliage. A toxicologically-based method was used to assess the residual toxicities of the nine chemicals. Each chemical was applied to potted seedlings at its respective LD90-foliage, then weathered for up to 7 days. Significant differences in toxicity were related to both insecticide and weathering interval. The toxicities of carbaryl and permethrin were least affected by weathering.
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES OF CANADA
Authors: Lewis David J. , Bennett Gordon F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwenty species of black flies are now recorded from the Maritime Provinces of Canada. These include five species of Prosimulium, two species of Cnephia, and 13 species of Simulium. With the exception of S. vernum Meigen, all species have been previously recorded from maritime Canada. The known biology of these black flies is summarized and includes information on overwintering stages, larval and pupal habitats, adult emergence and feeding habits, and seasonal occurrence and abundance.
MOTH SEX ATTRACTANTS FOUND BY SYSTEMATIC FIELD TESTING OF 3-COMPONENT ACETATE-ALDEHYDE CANDIDATE LURES
Authors: Steck W.F. , Chisholm M.D. , Bailey B.K. , Underhill E.W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSelected primary (Z)-alkenals and (Z)-alkenyl acetates (odd-numbered unsaturation positions, even-numbered carbon chains C10–C16) were field tested in three groups for ability to attract male moths into traps. Within each group all possible combinations (1:1:1) of components were examined. From 441 combinations, consistent attractants for 47 species were found. In one case three components were required for attractancy, while in others two or one were minimally sufficient. Possible trapping inhibitors were revealed for most of the species taken. Of the captured species 44 were noctuids, two were tortricids, and one was a gelechiid.
POPILLIA JAPONICA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE): A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF OVIPOSITION IN HETEROGENEOUS AGROECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Régnière Jacques , Rabb Robert L. , Stinner R. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA mathematical model is developed which simulates the effect of the number of eggs in females, food source, and soil conditions, on ovogenesis and oviposition of Japanese beetle populations. The number of eggs in females is used as the state indicator, and simulated trends are compared to field data. Potential applications in pest management are discussed.