bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges of Three-sector Partnerships for Social Development – An Experience in Campos Basin
Authors: Borges Nara 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper aims to provide an overview of leadership aspects needed in developing tri-sector partnerships and therefore, achieving social performance goals of managing social risks that may arise from operations, increase ability to undertake dialogue and promote social initiatives strategically.
This paper aims at providing lessons learnt from an extensive capacity building programme implemented to understand community's priorities and empowering them to identify solutions and design projects to address their concerns. It will show how community's members were able to develop strategic partnerships to contribute to local sustainable development and what were the main challenges faced by the company.
News Techniques for Acquiring Mangrove Topography and Tidal Flooding Information
Authors: Figueiredo Alberto G. , Abuchacra Rodrigo C. , Falheiro Paula Ferreira , da Silva Fabiano Tavares , Vianna Paulo José , Pacheco Carlos Eduardo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Paper is based on field data gathered in mangrove areas crossed by hydrocarbon pipe lines or nearby construction sites. A technique was developed in order to observe the mangrove detailed topography in association with tide flooding regime to be used in environmental impact assessment.
Mangrove areas are important for fauna procreation and it is classified as very sensitive to oil spill and nearby constructions. In order to obtain construction licenses builders need to develop environmental studies to establish background conditions, and foresee possible effects of environmental impacts
With this new technique it is possible to obtain mangrove topography and tide flooding data as for example the rate of tide invasion, tides heights inside the mangrove and for how long it stays flooded. These data are of fundamental importance to understand the mangrove tree species distribution in case of reforestation of degraded areas, but also for emergency actions. The fauna distribution is also controlled by tide range.
The technique uses a DGPS positioning system, a total station, pressure sensor loggers and water traps. The best period for applying the technique is during spring tides when tides reach the largest amplitude.
The technique has being proved useful for mapping two oil spill areas being under reforestation and a construction site area nearby a mangrove compartment.
A Case Study: SA-AS (Stakeholder Analysis Application Software) - A New Tool for Faster and Continuous Stakeholder Analysis
Authors: Neto A. S. , Gerheim A. C. , Penhalber E. , Almeida M. N. , Motta E. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
SA-AS (Stakeholder Analysis - Application Software) aims at supporting decision making regarding to relations with stakeholders by supporting the structured database and insights obtained on day-by-day of the organization's relationship with them. Information is parameterized according to the needs of each social reality. The user can process the results; interact with the data in different formats in a way to analyze the stakeholders according to region, group, social profile, organizations, and leaders, among others.
The main innovation is the ability of managers to be aware of the quality and level of the company's relationship with each party individually and periodically as information is released in the system by the field teams. The application can be hosted on a server that allows on line access from any location with a computer that bears the system installed and broadband Internet. It is flexible and easy to handle, and it demands neither long hours of training nor expertise.
From TB to an Influenza H1N1: Is Your Company Ready? Infectious Diseases in the Workplace: Health Incident Management Plans
Authors: Druckman Myles 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The rise of the H1N1 influenza virus to pandemic status in 2009 highlighted the need for companies to address not only this issue, but to systematically address other potential health threats that may affect employee health and thus impact business operations and productivity. While influenza pandemic may be considered one of the most potentially impactful health incidents that may afflict the personnel of an organization, other infectious diseases can significantly disrupt business activities leading to major financial and reputational losses.
Polling of 250 major US based corporations revealed that over 40% had described a workplace infectious disease incident that significantly affected business operations. Data regarding infectious disease outbreaks in the workplace are scarce and corporations are typically uninterested in documenting such cases in a public forum. Regardless, the issue of health incidents continues to be very relevant, and is gaining in significance as corporations work in more remote and medically underserviced locations where outbreaks may be more common and their management more challenging. Such incidents are also occurring more commonly in developed nations too, as global workforces merge, with more employees from developing countries regularly working and traveling abroad. As employees move so will infectious diseases, including illnesses rarely seen today in developed societies.
In this paper a number of examples of corporate infectious disease incidents will be presented as well as specific lessons learned. A review of the evolution of corporate pandemic planning will be reviewed, along with some corporate best practices observed. Consistent among corporate best practices in health incident planning and response include a systematic process for global health risk assessment, proactive planning of anticipated and potential health incidents, well oriented and educated management teams, pre-arranged emergency responders and providers, and strong internal and external integrated communication processes.
Developing Environmentally Compliant Materials for Cementing and Stimulation Operations
Authors: Gomez Julio 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Several offshore oil and gas well drilling operations involve discharging fluids to the sea as part of normal operations. This can have a potential environmental impact on marine and aquatic ecosystems, depending on the characteristics of the components of these discharges.
Offshore drilling operations are carried out in many regions, worldwide, and different governments have enacted environmental regulations and requirements to control potential marine pollution. In addition, most of the companies that operate in these environments have their own internal environmental policies. All of those requirements must be met during offshore operations.
However, some chemicals traditionally used in the onshore operations pose risks in the marine environment. Therefore, as more environmentally sensitive operations arise (e.g. deepwater cementing, where the tophole cement returns are circulated to the sea), environmentally friendly alternative chemical products are being developed to replace those hazardous chemicals. The challenge now is to develop environmentally friendly materials that do not sacrifice operational performance or significantly impact well economics.
This paper analyzes materials developed for cementing and stimulation operations, comparing their environmental performance with the different environmental regulations requirements and considering their operational performance with traditional chemicals that pose more risks to marine environments.
Integrated Risk Management: Using Intranet-Based Tools To Effectively Communicate Critical Risk Information From Bow Ties And Hazard & Risk Registers.
Authors: Pitblado R M , Tahilramani Ravi , Joseph Jean-Yves 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In the process industry, operational safety is still a concern particularly when it comes to preventing major accidents like BP Texas City (2005) and Buncefield (2005). Critical safety systems or barriers are developed at the design stages of facilities or processes by using traditional risk assessments methods such as Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Studies and Quantitative Risk Assessments (QRA). The drawings and paper reports generated are useful for initial risk communication and awareness, but work poorly for ongoing communication and information sharing necessary for successful operational safety. A HSE (Health, Safety, Health and Environment) and barrier management web-based tool (created in the SharePoint 2007 environment) was developed for a large gas production company to share hazard and risk registers, bow tie barriers and action plans in a convenient, user-friendly manner. Two versions have been developed: a pull version, where every user has the same interface and can use an intuitive web interface to extract barrier and risk information specific to them; and a push version, where the software recognizes the user and presents relevant information in a manner customized for the user's specific role in the organization.
Globally, an increasing number of upstream and downstream companies use bow ties for risk management purposes to generate large-scale diagrams, showing the threats and outcomes from their operations, the barriers in place, their owner and their effectiveness. A bow tie analysis is a barrier-based risk management approach which focuses on the critical activities necessary to prevent or mitigate threats from becoming major accidents. Enhanced, safe operation in the UK sector has shown that barrier management improves safety performance. Communicating the information from hazard and risk registers (HRR) and bow ties is essential to make sure that the full set of barriers in use and that these barriers are operational and meet effectiveness requirements. The bow tie format helps to ensure that the workforce, contractors and site management are all aware of their roles and responsibilities. HRRs and bow tie analysis are widely accepted in support of better operations safety management, but are often managed separately. Now they can be efficiently integrated into a web-based solution in the SharePoint 2007 environment.
From the Highlands to the Coast: Preliminary Results of the PERU LNG Archaeological Project
Authors: Gregory D. Lockard , Vexler David 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The PERU LNG Archaeological Project is one of the largest archaeological projects in the history of Peru. As a result, a full description of the results of the Project is obviously beyond the scope of this paper. This task is further complicated by the fact that although the fieldwork is complete, the artifact analyses are only just beginning. Although the data that will eventually result from the Project are far from complete, adequate data now exist to summarize the settlement pattern of the Pipeline Project Area. Settlement pattern studies have been an integral part of archaeological investigations into the past lifeways of Andean societies ever since Gordon Willey published the results of his survey of the Viru Valley in 1953. Most of these settlement pattern investigations, however, only cover an environmentally circumscribed area such as a coastal river valley or intermontane valley. Andean archaeologists have been interested in comparing the settlement patterns of different elevation zones since at least 1968, when John Murra first presented his vertical archipelago model (see also Murra 1972). Few archaeological surveys, however, cover more than one or two of the Peru's eight "natural regions" as defined on the basis of elevation by Peruvian geographer Javier Pulgar Vidal in 1940 (see also Pulgar Vidal 1946). The Archaeological Project, on the other hand, has resulted in the investigation of every identifiable archaeological site, regardless of size and type, within a 50-meter-wide and 408-kilometer-long transect that crosses six of these natural regions (Figure 1). The Project will therefore result in unprecedented comparative data concerning the settlement pattern of Peru's various regions.
The Role of Participatory Environmental and Social Monitoring in Preventing Social Conflict
Authors: Casaretto Carolina , Prado Gabriel , Maguire Simon , Vexler David 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Peru LNG Project is located in the southern region of Peru and is comprised of a natural gas transportation pipeline system that traverses the Andean mountains to a liquefaction plant and marine terminal located on the Pacific coast. The 408 km pipeline traverses many diverse landscapes and ecosystems from the edge of the tropical rainforests to the high peaks of the Andes and finally down to the arid desert coastline.
As part of its Social Responsibility Program, the project has developed a Participatory Environmental and Social Monitoring Program (PESMP) to promote the active involvement of local stakeholders in the oversight of the performance of the Project. Local monitors have been trained to observe and register possible environmental and social impacts.
Once trained, the monitors are able to understand the Project's complexity and communicate informed opinions. They have become integrated into the Project, with the ability to influence the decision-making process. This has built trust and strengthened relationships between the Company, monitors, and the communities they represent.
The PESMP represents the first participatory monitoring program that has been carried out during the construction phase of a major oil and gas development project in Peru. The initiative has made a significant positive contribution to the social responsibility of the Company and has been well-received by the Project's affected communities. This paper describes the processes and activities undertaken during design and implementation of the PESMP, including the selection and training of the community monitors.
EcoUrucu Project: Enhancement of Eco-efficiency of E&P activities in Amazon Forest
Authors: Seabra P. N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Before Petrobras started its commercial oil production in the middle of the Amazon forest, in 1988, a group of Brazilian scientists established the highest world-wide sustainability standards for all E&P activities in this sensitive ecosystem. However, due to importance of Amazonian biodiversity and the others environmental services provided by the forest, Petrobras’ Research Center (CENPES), together with Brazilian scientific institutes, started a five year project to improve the eco-efficiency of Urucu oil and gas production province (located about 680 km southwest of Manaus) activities called EcoUrucu. This project deals with wide broad of subjects such as: water resources, solid waste and wastewater management, energy efficiency, gas emissions, reforestation, biodiversity, and soil erosion control. EcoUrucu project started in 2006 with thirteen studies, and during its development three more were added. Some of them had already been finished with results like the publication of a book about Urucu biodiversity, process plant energy efficiency analysis, evaluation of wastewater system and reuse proposition, process modification to reduce water use on process, and the reduction of solid waste generated from the food service. Local hydrogeology assessment, improvement of local pavement quality, advance of reforestation techniques, and soil erosion vulnerability assessment are some of the studies on going. This paper presents some the results already achieved by these studies. One of the conclusions is that a proactive approach related to environmental issues is the better way to guarantee the sustainability of Petrobras E&P activities in the Amazonian Region.
Rollover Protection – A Meaningful & Effective Solution
Authors: Bozzini Susie , Jimenez Josh A. , Grzebieta Raphael , Friedman Donald 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Rollover crashes remain over represented in land transportation around the world and in particular, the Oil and Gas industry, (OGP) when compared to other crash categories. The realities of this crash type is that within the USA alone it represents one in 33 car crashes each year, but it claims more than three of every ten lives lost on the nation's highways - 10,000 fatalities a year! As a crash type it is now responsible for more than a quarter of a million injuries, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (NHTSA, 2009)
This alarming reality remains a very real exposure to land transportation safety within the OGP. In response, a variety of mitigation measures have been designed and installed worldwide. In the opinion of the authors, these traditional mitigation measures have become outdated and obsolete. Current research lends new insight into what causes injuries in rollovers and how to mitigate against those causes.
With the distinct lack of structural roof strength in most vehicles combined with the insubstantial crash performance criteria in vehicle roof design within the automotive industry, OEM's are not compelled to ensure that the structure of their production vehicles are reinforced suitably to maintain occupant survival space in a rollover crash. Unfortunately this results in the vast majority of vehicles used within the industry today requiring some form of roof reinforcement to ensure that occupants are protected during a rollover crash.
Within the OGP today, a wide variety of Roll Over Protection Systems (ROPS) structures (both internal and external) are usually designed, purchased, manufactured, installed and maintained locally and with very little (if any) expert consultation. This has resulted in a wide variety of designs emerging with an alarming variance in the "assumed" effectiveness of each. Couple this alarming trend with the risk of rendering the existing intrinsic safety features ineffectual on modern vehicles, such as side air bag curtains and seat belt pre-tensioners, has resulted in vehicles with inadequate crash safety performance.
This paper describes how roof crush intrusion and intrusion speed into the occupant compartment can be minimized to an inconsequential amount using innovative design to externally retrofitted roof strengthening systems based on an understanding of road crash data, empirical evidence, and innovative state of the art testing and analysis to provide effective external ROPS structures for the OGP.
The Assessment of Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Nano-particles and How to Control Their Impacts
Authors: Nabhani N. , Tofighi Amir 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Nanotechnology is the science of creating, using and manipulating objects which have at least one dimension in range of 0.1 to 100 nanometers. In other words, nanotechnology is reconstructing a substance using its individual atoms and arranging them in a way that is desirable for our purpose.
The main reason that nanotechnology has been attracting attentions is the unique properties that objects show when they are formed at nano-scale. These differing characteristics that nano-scale materials show compared to their nature-existing form is both useful in creating high quality products and dangerous when being in contact with body or spread in environment.
In order to control and lower the risk of such nano-scale particles, the main following three topics should be considered:
First of all, these materials would cause long term diseases that may show their effects on body years after being penetrated in human organs and since this science has become recently developed in industrial scale not enough information is available about their hazards on body. The second is that these particles can easily spread out in environment and remain in air, soil or water for very long time, besides their high ability to penetrate body skin and causing new kinds of diseases. The third one is that to protect body and environment against the danger of these particles, the protective barriers must be finer than these small objects and such defenses are hard to accomplish.
This paper will review, discuss and assess the risks that human and environment face as this new science develops at a high rate.
The Norwegian Lifeboat Project
Authors: Skæveland Rolf , Selnes Per Otto 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
During a full scale test of a freefall lifeboat on a permanent production installation offshore Norway in June 2005, weaknesses in the superstructure was experienced. The lifeboat had been type approved by Norwegian authorities, based on design and testing requirements in international codes. As a result of the discovery, The Norwegian Oil Industry Association - OLF, on behalf of its member companies, initiated a full investigation of all 16 freefall lifeboat types on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). During a four year programme of investigations, tests and analysis, several weaknesses have been disclosed. The outcome of the Norwegian Lifeboat project (LBP) has lead to proposed remedial actions for existing lifeboats and the development of a new standard for future freefall lifeboats. The project has been carried out in co-operation with unions, lifeboat manufacturers and authorities. It has been a unique life boat review project, and has reduced the risk of a potential evacuation situation offshore.
The result applies to design and operation of freefall lifeboats in offshore areas world wide.
The reports resulting from the project can mainly be divided into three topical groups; strength of superstructure and hull, impact on the human body from acceleration forces, and positive headway immediately after water entry. As regards existing freefall lifeboats, it has been necessary to reinforce the superstructure of 140 lifeboats and to develop new seats with 5-point seat belts. In certain weather conditions it is recommended to take operational precautions when there is a risk of excessive acceleration forces or a risk that existing boats do not have sufficient positive headway. A new navigational tool has also been developed. The results of the studies and tests carried out have been documented in a number of reports, available on request.
Additional project activities, not included in the initial scope, has been to study launching arrangements for evacuation means in general, as well as specific challenges for conventional launchable lifeboats. The main parts of the latter studies have been carried out within a project initiated by, and paid by, the Norwegian Ship owner Association. The results of the studies of the two additional areas, have been documented in separate reports.
The main Norwegian offshore unions have made important contributions throughout the project
The main project, as well as the part on launching arrangements, and additional studies on launchable lifeboats, has been financed by the oil & gas companies on the NCS.