bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Instrumental Colour Control in the Optimization of Dyehouse Performance
Authors: McDONALD R. , McKAY D. , WEEDALL P. J. 
Published: August 2010

The paper describes the general techniques used and the results obtained in pilot plant and commercial dye‐house experiments carried out to demonstrate the potential of an inhouse spectrophotometer and minicomputer system in:

high‐accuracy recipe prediction to produce bulk dyehouse recipes without laboratory check dyeing
calculation of redye procedures to correct off‐shade bulk dyeing
control of dyehouse pass/fail matching by instrumental methods
preparation of recipe cards, druglines and cost information by computer methods.
Hedgehog signaling is essential for normal wound healing
Authors: Le Huong , Kleinerman Rebecca , Lerman Oren Z. , Brown Daniel , Galiano Robert , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Warren Stephen M. , Levine Jamie P. , Saadeh Pierre B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe hedgehog family of morphogens (sonic [Shh], Indian, and desert hedgehog) are central regulators of embryologic growth and tissue patterning. Although recent work implicates Shh in postnatal tissue repair and development, conclusive evidence is lacking. Here, we demonstrated the importance of Shh in wound repair, by examining the effects of cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of the Shh signaling cascade, on tissue repair. Using a murine‐splinted excisional wound model, which attenuates wound contraction in this loose‐skinned rodent, we established that, by all measures (wound closure, epithelialization, granulation formation, vascularity, and proliferation), wound healing was profoundly impaired when Shh signaling was disrupted. Because embryonic disruption of Shh is associated with distinct phenotypic defects, our findings invite investigation of the potential role of Shh signaling under postnatal conditions associated with disregulated wound healing.
Antibacterial effect of dressings containing multivalent silver ion carried by zirconium phosphate on experimental rat burn wounds
Authors: Luo Gaoxing , Tang Jin , He Weifeng , Wu Jun , Ma Bing , Wang Xihua , Chen Xiwei , Yi Shaoxuan , Zhang Xiaorong , Li Xianchang , Fitzgerald Mark 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the antibacterial effect of multivalent silver ion carried by zirconium phosphate (ZP‐Ag) both in vitro and in an experimental rat burn wound compared with that of sulfadiazine silver (SD‐Ag). Firstly, the minimal inhibition concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration of ZP‐Ag to three different strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli) were compared with those of SD‐Ag in vitro. Following this dressings containing the same mass of ZP‐Ag or SD‐Ag were applied to wounds in a rat burn model and their antimicrobial activity assayed. The inflammatory response of the wounds managed with the two kinds of dressings was compared. Both the minimal inhibition concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of ZP‐Ag to S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli were two to four times lower than those of SD‐Ag. In vivo ZP‐Ag had a more effective antibacterial action inhibiting the growth of the above three bacterial strains under burn scar, compared with dressings made from the same mass of SD‐Ag. Moreover, the antibacterial effect was unchanged after the ZP‐Ag dressings were washed 20 times, while it dramatically decreased after the dressings with SD‐Ag were washed 20 times. When covered by either regular or washed ZP‐Ag dressings, the wounds showed integrity with no visible inflammatory reaction. However, various extents of inflammatory reactions on or around the wounds covered with regular SD‐Ag dressing were observed. This study showed that dressings with ZP‐Ag had a prominent and relative long‐term antibacterial effect. ZP‐Ag dressings could be an effective, low‐cost management option for burn wounds.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF EPIPSAMMIC DIATOMS IN A SPRING‐FED BROOK1
Authors: Krejci Mark E. , Lowe Rex L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTEpipsammic diatom communities were sampled and quantified bimonthly from June 1983 to April 1985 at four sites in a small brook in northwest Ohio. The primary objective was to determine the extent of temporal and spatial variability in the epipsammon. The four sites, approximately 250 m apart, differed in current velocity, illumination and the amount of sand‐associated detritus. Diatoms were significantly more abundant in the portion of the brook flowing through an unshaded marsh than at three heavily shaded sites located upstream. Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust. and Achnanthes lanceolata var. dubia Grun. dominated the epipsammic assemblage at all sites throughout the entire study period. Only Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ehr. displayed a marked seasonal distribution. Although the same species were generally found at all sites, there were sufficient differences in relative abundance that communities could be discriminated according to site. Using two canonical variate axes, all 48 samples were correctly assigned to their proper sampling site based on community composition. Data from this epipsammic assemblage support the idea developed from the river continuum concept that species comprising riverine benthic assemblages continually persist and rarely become completely absent.
Evaluation of an automated cell processing device to reduce the dimethyl sulfoxide from hematopoietic grafts after thawing
Authors: Rodríguez Luciano , Velasco Beatriz , García Joan , Martín‐Henao Gregorio Ángel 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: The direct transfusion of thawed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) is associated to transfusion‐related side effects that are thought to be dose‐dependent on the infused dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Both the effectiveness of a fully automated cell processing device to washing out DMSO and the effects of DMSO elimination over the recovered cells were evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty cryopre‐served peripheral blood HPC bags (HPC apheresis [HPC‐A]) were thawed and processed for washing with an automated cell‐processing device. Viability, colony‐forming units (CFUs), and absolute count of recovered cells were evaluated by flow cytometry immediately after washing as well as at different times after washing and compared with a sample taken just after thawing (control) but maintained at 4°C. DMSO content was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography and the osmolarity with an osmometer.RESULTS: The median recovery of viable total nucleated cells, viable CD34+ cells, and CFU colonies was 89 (range, 74‐115), 103 (range, 62‐126), and 91 percent (range, 46%‐196%), respectively, in the washing group. Recovery of viable CD3+ cells was 97 percent (range, 42%‐131%) and CD14+ cells was 82 percent (54%‐119%). The percentages of DMSO elimination and osmolarity reduction were 98 (range, 96‐99) and 90 percent (range 86%‐95%), respectively. Moreover, elimination of the cryoprotectant improved CFU count, viability, and cell recoveries along the time when compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: Washing out DMSO in thawed HPC‐A by use of this approach is safe and efficient in terms of recovery and viability of nucleated and progenitor cells. Additionally, the removal degree of DMSO is very high and therefore might ameliorate the transfusion‐related side effects.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of leukoreduced platelets stored for 7 days in CLX containers
Authors: AuBuchon James P. , Taylor Harry , Holme Stein , Nelson Edward 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Extension of platelet (PLT) storage and concomitant use of a bacterial detection system would provide logistical advantages by reducing outdating and improving patient care through promotion of the use of sensitive detection systems. This study evaluated the in vitro characteristics and in vivo viability of leukoreduced PLT units derived from PLT‐rich plasma stored for 5 days (control) versus 7 days (test) in CLX plastic containers.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two whole‐blood units were collected from each subject into a leuko‐reduction filtration system (Leukotrap RC‐PL system, Pall Medical) in a paired design, the second 2 days after the first. These were leukoreduced (Leukotrap PL) and stored for 7 and 5 days. Poststorage samples from test and control units were randomly labeled with 51Cr or 111In and simultaneously infused autologously to determine recovery and survival.RESULTS: Small but significant (p  < 0.05, paired t test) differences between 5 and 7 days of storage were seen in in vitro variables such as extent of shape change, hypotonic shock response, morphology, and P‐selectin expression. In vivo recovery declined on average 11 percent with the two additional days of storage from 54.4 ± 13.6 to 48.7 ± 15.0 percent (p  < 0.002); survival decreased on average 19 percent from 6.7 ± 1.0 to 5.4 ± 1.7 days (p  < 0.002).CONCLUSION: Storage for 7 days was associated with reduced recovery and survival and in vitro variables, suggestive of extension of the storage lesion. These differences, however, were small in magnitude and unlikely to have significant clinical effects. Current collection and storage systems provide PLTs that are as functional at 7 days as those licensed for 7‐day storage two decades ago.
The proteome of red cell membranes and vesicles during storage in blood bank conditions
Authors: Bosman Giel J.C.G.M. , Lasonder Edwin , Luten Marleen , Roerdinkholder‐Stoelwinder Bregt , Novotný Věra M.J. , Bos Harry , De Grip Willem J. 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: During storage of red cells (RBCs) for transfusion, RBCs undergo a number of biochemical and morphologic changes. To be able to identify the mechanisms underlying these storage lesions, a proteomic analysis of the membranes of RBCs and their vesicles was performed during various periods of storage in blood bank conditions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBCs and vesicles were isolated from RBCs after various storage periods. The proteins of RBC membranes and vesicles were separated by gel electrophoresis and identified by a semiquantitative proteomic analysis.RESULTS: Our findings confirm previous data, such as a storage‐associated increase in hemoglobin binding to the membrane and aggregation and degradation of the integral membrane protein band 3, suggesting a remodeling of the RBC membrane during storage. Our data also show storage‐dependent changes in the membrane association of proteasome and chaperone proteins, metabolic enzymes, small G proteins, and signal transduction proteins. Vesicles display similar changes in their protein composition during storage.CONCLUSION: The results of this analysis indicate that the storage‐related changes in the RBC membrane are the results of disturbance and/or acceleration of physiologic processes such as cellular aging, including vesicle formation. The latter may serve to remove damaged membrane patches that would otherwise lead to accelerated RBC removal. These data provide a framework for future studies toward the development of better storage conditions and a reduction of the side effects of RBC transfusion.
Assessment of biofilm‐forming ability of coagulase‐negative staphylococci isolated from contaminated platelet preparations in Canada
Authors: Greco Carey , Mastronardi Cherie , Pagotto Franco , Mack Dietrich , Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most prevalent bacterial contaminants of platelet (PLT) preparations and have been implicated in adverse transfusion reactions worldwide. The most frequently identified contaminant is Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is noted for its ability to maintain chronic hospital‐acquired infections by forming biofilms as a chief virulence mechanism.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Strains of S. epidermidis isolated from contaminated PLT preparations in Canada were distinguished via gene‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with divIVA as a marker. Biofilm‐forming ability was assessed by the presence of the gene icaD, slime production on Congo red agar, and biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces. Production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) was resolved by immunofluorescence.RESULTS: Eight of the 13 (62%) CoNS isolates under study were identified as S. epidermidis. Of these, four strains (50%) were classified as strong biofilm producers. Three of the four biofilm‐positive strains (75%) produced slime, harbored the icaD gene, and had positive expression of PIA.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the presumable commensal origin of the CoNS isolates, a large proportion of S. epidermidis strains demonstrated a potential for enhanced virulence. Identification of contaminant staphylococci as biofilm producers is thus relevant and informative with regard to treatment approach in the circumstance of inadvertent infection of a PLT recipient.
Chronic Hepatitis in Hemophilia
Authors: Hasiba Ute , Spero Joel A. , Lewis Jessica H. 
Published: August 2010

The relationship of chronic hepatitis B and/or liver dysfunction to treatment in 113 hemophiliacs was evaluated by the enzyme tests, SGOT and SGPT, and by the presence of circulating hepatis B surface antigen (HbsAg) or antibody (anti‐Hbs). The hemophiliacs were divided into three groups according to treatment pattern. Individuals who had received mutiple doses of plasma fractions, derived from four or more commercial lots were placed in Group I «large Exposure». Group II «Small Exposure» had been treated with fractions from three or fewer lots and Group III «Cryo» had never received commercial fractions, but had been treated with cryoprecipitate. Abnormal liver function tests (LFT's) were found in 87 % of Group I and 76 % of Group II, but in only 16 % of the «Cryo» group. Differences in LFT's were not great between treated VIII and IX deficient patients. All patients treated with 100,000 units or more showed either persistent or intermittent abnormalities. In the high exposure group, the history of past, overt hepatitis had no influence on observed LFT's. The sera of all patients in the high exposure and all, except one, in the low exposure groups were positive for HbsAg or anti‐Hbs by RIA. Splenomegaly was found in 13 % of fraction‐treated patients.We conclude that there is biochemical evidence of liver disease following large exposure to commercial VIII or IX fractions, which should temper the physician's decision to start treatment with these fractions. On the other hand, evidence that their continued use produces mounting liver dysfunction is insufficient to withdraw this very effective and life‐changing treatment from these individuals.
Moving Boundary Electrophoresis of Red Cells on Differently Treated Polycythaemic Patients
Authors: Streichman S. , Antebi D. , Tatarsky I. 
Published: August 2010

Red cells of polycythaemia vera (PV) patients have a significantly higher rate of electrophoresis than red cells of normal controls and stress polycythaemia patients. The highest increment in the electrophoretic velocity was noted for PV patients treated with phlebotomy or hydroxy urea. The red cells of PV patients treated with 32P and those that progressed to myeloid metaplasia showed a normal rate of electrophoresis.We assume that the increased negative charge found on the red cells of PV patients is typical of the abnormal clone proliferating in this disease. The normal electrophoretic velocity found for the red cells of the 32P treated patients or those that progressed to myeloid metaplasia might indicate that the circulating red cells of these patients are no longer descendants of the abnormal stem cell.
Heparin precipitable fraction of plasma (HPF) is not influenced by the presence of fibrin monomers
Authors: HOLM B. , BROSSTAD F. , GODAL H.C. 
Published: August 2010

The heparin precipitable fraction of plasma consists mainly of fibrinogen and fibronectin. In our work with HPF in patients with acute myocardial infarction we observed variations in the amount of precipitate that could not be accounted for by corresponding variations in the plasma content of fibrinogen and fibronectin. To see whether the presence/absence of fibrin monomers in plasma could be of importance for this variation in HPF, we have:

added fibrin des‐AA monomers to normal and patient plasmas
incubated normal and patient plasmas with insolubilized reptilase until a strongly positive ethanol gelation test could be demonstrated
examined a potential correlation between a positive ethanol gelation test and HPF in a patient material.

From the results of the above investigations, we could conclude that the presence of fibrin monomers (presence of soluble fibrin) is of no importance for the variations observed in the HPF‐phenomenon.
Quantification of bone lytic lesions and prognosis in myelomatosis
Authors: de Gramont Aimery , Benitez Oscar , Brissaud Philippe , Krulik Marcel , Hubert Dominique , Sirinelli Agnès , Smadja Nicole , Debray Jacques 
Published: August 2010

Degree and extent of lytic bone lesions were quantified at diagnosis in 69 patients with myelomatosis (MM). longest survival was found in patients with minimal lytic lesions and shortest survival was found in those either without bone lesions or with severe and extensive lesions.Among the 12 patients without bone lesions only 6 were Durie & Salmon stage 1 and only 1 later developed a single lesion. Based on these data, bone involvement in MM does not seem to be a reliable predictive factor of survival in all cases. This suggests the existence of 2 distinct types of MM: 1 with tumour and 1 without. Lytic lesions could have a prognostic value only in the 1st type.
Electrodermal activity by DC potential and AC conductance measured simultaneously at the same skin site
Authors: Grimnes Sverre , Jabbari Azar , Martinsen Ørjan G. , Tronstad Christian 
Published: August 2010

Background: For a long time, DC conductance has been the most important parameter in electrodermal routine measurements. However, DC current flow polarizes the electrodes, electrolyzes the skin, disturbs the measurement of conductance by possible varying electromotive forces (EMFs) in the circuit, and impedes the registration of the skin endosomatic DC potential.Methods: We therefore present a measuring system where DC current was replaced by a small AC current in a monopolar system, enabling the DC potential and AC conductance to be measured simultaneously at the same skin site.Results: We have also found examples of skin potential (SP) response waveforms with diphasic sharp edges not appearing in the conductance waveforms. The potential responses were found to be more robust with respect to movement artifacts, and the instrumentation could discern whether the indifferent electrode actually was on an inactive skin site.Conclusion: In order to study the generating mechanisms of EDA in detail, the SP must be measured without DC current flow and compared with AC conductance results.
Modulation of host matrix metalloproteinases by bacterial virulence factors relevant in human periodontal diseases
Authors: Ding Y , Uitto V‐J , Firth J , Salo T , Haapasalo M , Konttinen YT , Sorsa T 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Bacterial pathogens involved in periodontal diseases exert a part of their destructive effect by triggering and inducing host cells to elevate their secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Pathogen‐secreted phospholipase (PLC) is one bacterial product that may trigger this host response. The roles of exogenous PLC leading to the release, secretion and expression of MMPs by peripheral blood neutrophils (PMNs), cultured epithelial cells of human gingiva and porcine periodontal ligament were investigated. Also the activities of PLC in the diseased and healthy gingival sulcular fluid (crevicular fluid, GCF) and molecular forms of gelatin‐ases present in dental plaque were investigated.MATERIALS AND METHODS GCF, salivary and dental plaque samples were analyzed for PLC and proteinase activities. The abilities of PLC to induce PMNs and oral epithelial cells to release and express their MMPs were examined by specific functional, immunological and molecular biology means.RESULTS: PMN‐derived MMPs were found to predominate in periodontitis GCF and plaque, and PLC activities were higher in GCF of adult periodontitis patients than in healthy controls. Purified bacterial PLC (1 mU ml‐I) efficiently induced PMN degranulation. PLC also induced MMP expression in the cultured epithelial cells. The strongest response was seen in MMP‐9 and less in MMP‐2. The induction was dose‐dependent in the range of 0.I‐1.0 U ml‐1 PI‐PLC, and quiescent cultures were more responsive than proliferating ones. PLC induction of MMPs was polar, with increased levels of MMP‐9 in the apical region and increased MMP‐2 levels secreted in the basal direction. Northern analysis showed a strong increase in mRNA levels of MMP‐9 and a smaller increase for MMP‐2 and MMP‐I. In the second part of the study we investigated the molecular forms of the released MMPs during periodontitis. In bacterial plaque of periodontitis patients the MMP‐9 were found to be converted into lower molecular weight forms. Isolated proteinase from Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) was able to convert human proMMPs to their active forms.CONCLUSION: Bacterial PLC may induce degranulation of PMN MMPs and increase MMP expression in oral epithelial cells. The released proteases can be converted into active form by the proteases of plaque bacteria. Thereby, the pathogenic oral bacteria may indirectly participate in the destruction of periodontal tissues.
Effect of in vitro aging on Campylobacter rectus lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated PGE2 release from human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Takiguchi H , Yamaguchi M , Mochizuki K , Abiko Y 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: We examined the influence of in vitro aging on Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated prostaglandin (PG) E2 release from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).MATERIALS AND METHODS: LPS was prepared from C. rectus ATCC33238. HGFs were established from healthy gingival tissue removed from three patients (donors A, B and C), aged 10–12 years. Aging of the cells in culture was determined with increasing population doubling. The cells were cultured until confluence, then stimulated with LPS (1.0 μg ml‐1), and the levels of PGE2 in the medium were measured after 24 h by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: The LPS‐stimulated PGE2 production in each old cell (passage 17–20) was significantly increased to about 1.6–2.6 times than that in the corresponding young cells (passage 5–6). The gene expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 mRNA in the old cells was higher than that in the young cells in response to LPS. In the absence of LPS, PGE, production levels in both the young and old cells were very low, and also at the same level. However, there was a higher level of LPS‐stimulated PGE2 production in the young cells from donor C compared to that in the old cells from donor B. The LPS‐stimulated PGE2 production in each young cell from donors A and C was almost equal to that in each old cell from donors B and A, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that aging in HGFs may be one of the factors that take part in the stimulation of C. rectus LPS‐stimulated PGE2 production in old cells.