bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Personalized Anti-Phishing: Counterfactual Explanation Approach
Authors: Fan Zhengyang , Li Wanru , Laskey Kathryn , Chang Kuo-Chu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In today’s digital landscape, phishing attacks persist as a formidable challenge, highlighting the need for robust strategies to mitigate individual risk. While advanced machine learning techniques have excelled in identifying those most susceptible to phishing, existing research has primarily focused on refining prediction accuracy rather than leveraging this understanding to mitigate risk. To bridge this gap, we present a novel counterfactual explanation approach aimed at identifying the specific traits that heighten an individual’s vulnerability to phishing. Our approach integrates uncertainties and causal insights from the data generation process, producing actionable intelligence to effectively lower individual susceptibility. This enables us to tailor personalized recommendations to reduce individual’s vulnerability. Through experimentation, we assess the efficacy of our methodology and demonstrate capacity to reduce susceptibility to phishing. These findings emphasize the importance of personalized interventions, arming individuals with the knowledge necessary to improve their online security protocols.
Electrical impedance spectroscopy: Potential non-destructive method for aflatoxin B1 in peanut
Authors: Feng Longlong , Zhang Meiyue , Dong Zhanwei , Guo Jia , Zhang Hanlu , Liu Zhixia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study proposed a potential non-destructive electrical impedance spectroscopy method for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in peanuts produced under improper storage conditions. The following were analyzed: 1) how improper storage time affected the aflatoxin content; 2) impedance spectra, microstructure, and nuclear magnetic resonance of peanuts with different aflatoxin contents; 3) a selected-frequency method to determine the relationship between electrical parameters and aflatoxin. The aflatoxin content was proportional to the number of days of improper storage. The parameters of electrical impedance spectrum under multi-frequency (1000 Hz and 4 MHz) were better than those under the single frequency (1000 Hz or 4 MHz), and the combination of Z and θ showed the best correlation (R2 = 0.998). The detection mechanism was accurate under improper storage conditions, and aflatoxin production was accompanied by moldy kernel, leading to changes in endosperm structure and impedance. Our study informs the development of non-destructive detection devices for aflatoxins in peanuts.
Multi-modal Radiomics Features to Predict Overall Survival of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer after Definitive Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yu Nuo , Wan Yidong , Zuo Lijing , Cao Ying , Qu Dong , Liu Wenyang , Deng Lei , Zhang Tao , Wang Wenqing , Wang Jianyang , Lv Jima , Xiao Zefen , Feng Qinfu , Zhou Zongmei , Bi Nan , Niu Tianye , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To establish prediction models to predict 2-year overall survival (OS) and stratify patients with different risks based on radiomics features extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) before definite chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Methods
Patients with locally advanced ESCC were recruited. We extracted 547 radiomics features from MRI and CT images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) for COX algorithm was used to obtain features highly correlated with survival outcomes in training cohort. Based on MRI, CT and the hybrid image data, three prediction models were built. The predictive performance of the radiomics models was evaluated in the training cohort and verified in the validation cohort using AUC values.
Results
A total of 192 patients were included and randomized into the training and validation cohorts. In predicting 2-year OS, the AUCs of the CT-based model were 0.733 and 0.654 for the training and validation sets. The MRI radiomics-based model was observed with similar AUCs of 0.750 and 0.686 in the training and validation sets. The AUC values of hybrid model combining MRI and CT radiomics features in predicting 2-year OS were 0.792 and 0.715 in the training and validation cohorts. It showed significant differences of 2-year OS in the high-risk and low-risk groups divided by the best cutoff value in the hybrid radiomics-based model.
Conclusions
The hybrid radiomics-based model has the best performance of predicting 2-year OS and can differentiate the high-risk and low-risk patients.
Existence and simulation of solutions for a class of fractional differential systems with p-Laplacian operators on star graphs
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Su Youhui , Yun Yongzhen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper is mainly concerned with the existence and simulation of solutions for a class of Caputofractional differential systems with $p$-Laplacian operators on star graphs. The Hyers-Ulam stability of the systems on star graphsis also proved. Furthermore, an example on a formaldehyde graph is presented to demonstrate the practicality of the main results. The innovation of this paper lies in combining a fractional differential system with a formaldehyde graph, interpreting the chemical bonds as the edges of the graph, and exploring the existence and numerical simulation of solutions to the fractional differential system on this unique graph structure.
MSC(2020): 34A08 , 34B15 , 34K37.
Reservoir computing using spin-VCSELs - the influence of timescales and data injection schemes
Authors: Lüdge Kathy , Jaurigue Lina , Jaurigue Jonnel , Mühlnickel Lukas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Reservoir computing implemented in photonic systems promises fast and energy efficient computations. Due to their particularly fast spin-flip dynamics, vertically emitting semiconductor lasers with two spin polarized charge carrier populations (spin-VCSEL), are good candidates for high-speed reservoir computing. However, spin-VCSELs are complex dynamical systems, and in order to properly utilise their dynamics for computation, a thorough understanding of the interplay of dynamical variables and external control parameters is needed. With our work, we numerically show the crucial impact of dynamic coupling and decay timescales on the prediction performance of a spin-VSCEL reservoir computer. We present numerical evidence of the critical impact of different data injection schemes and internal timescales. Injection schemes based on the phase of the injected light and on generating spin polarized charge-carriers are compared as a function of the spin carrier lifetimes. A central finding is that the internal relaxation dynamics of the charge carriers is only beneficial for the performance with encoding via the spin polarized current. If the data is encoded via an optical phase difference, these carrier dynamics, and with it the additional memory, cannot be utilised. We find strong correlations with the underlying delay induced bifurcation structure, which allows to transfer the results also to other physical reservoir computing systems.
MGVB: a new proteomics toolset for fast and efficient data analysis
Authors: Metodiev Metodi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

MGVB is a collection of tools for proteomics data analysis. It covers data processing from in silico digestion of protein sequences to comprehensive identification of post-translational modifications and solving the protein inference problem. The toolset is developed with efficiency in mind. It enables analysis at a fraction of the resources cost typically required by existing commercial and free tools. MGVB, as it is a native application, is much faster than existing proteomics tools such as MaxQuant and MSFragger and, at the same time, finds very similar, in some cases even larger number of peptides at a chosen level of statistical significance. It implements a probabilistic scoring function to match spectra to sequences, and a novel combinatorial search strategy for finding post-translational modifications, and a Bayesian approach to locate modification sites. This report describes the algorithms behind the tools, presents benchmarking data sets analysis comparing MGVB performance to MaxQuant/Andromeda, and provides step by step instructions for using it in typical analytical scenarios. The toolset is provided free to download and use for academic research and in software projects, but is not open source at the present. It is the intention of the author that it will be made open source in the near future—following rigorous evaluations and feedback from the proteomics research community. Data used to generate the reported results are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD051331.
Surface Toughening - Functionality and testing of a stress reducing technology of bonded joints using DCB and ENF specimen made of 8552/IM7 carbon composite and PVDF bonded with EA9695 film adhesive
Authors: Schollerer Martin J. , Kosmann Jens , Völkerink Oliver , Hühne Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Structural bonding has clear advantages over riveting or bolting, such as weight savings, corrosion and load transfer over a wide area. However, even with bonded joints, stress concentrations occur near the edges, which can lead to crack growth during operation and thus to failure of the entire joint. This is precisely the reason why adhesive bonding and subsequent bolting are used in today's aerospace industry. However, this hybrid solution adds up all the disadvantages of bonding with those of bolting, so the goal must be a bolt-free bonded joint where stress concentrations are significantly reduced. A technology of this type is surface toughening, which, when used locally, selectively reduces stress concentrations in the peel and shear components and redistributes the load to the less stressed nearby regions. In this paper, the functionality is demonstrated using a spring model and the effect is experimentally validated in Mode I and Mode II load directions using DCB and ENF specimens. PVDF is used as tough modifying material. With local surface toughening, the energy release rate GIC of the adhesive under Mode I is increased by 25%. Under Mode II, no further crack growth can be identified in the ENF tests.
Assessment of surface water potential and irrigation water requirements for selected crops: the case of the Zenti River catchment, Omo Gibe River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Diriba , Boja Abuye , Fantu Adugna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Irrigation potential assessment has enormous use for smallholder farmers, who are largely dependent on subsistence farming systems. Due to rising agricultural production demands and the scarcity of irrigation water resources, assessing irrigation potential is very important for the planning, management, and irrigation development of an area. However, there were very limited studies available in the study area that indicated irrigation water potential, and crop water demand in the area. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the surface water potential and irrigation water requirements for selected crops in the Zenti River catchment, Omo Gibe River Basin, Ethiopia. To achieve the objectives, hydro-meteorological data and physiographic characteristics were used. This was accomplished using the CROPWAT model, FDC2.1 software, and GIS-based tools. The CROPWAT models to estimate the amount of irrigation water needed for major crops growing in the area, as well as FDC 2.1, were used. The FDC 2.1 software result revealed that the overall long-term monthly minimum available stream flow of the Zenti River is 0.11m3/s. According to the CROPWAT model result, the seasonal net irrigation requirements for sugarcane, maize, cabbage, and onion (60% field efficiency) were 640.66mm, 260mm, 251.66mm, and 233.17mm, respectively. The result indicated that although the need for irrigation water varies depending on the season, the potential irrigation area of the River catchment is in the order of 0.1% of the watershed. The results from this study could enable decision-makers and smallholder farmers to further use surface water for irrigation purposes with a proper management system.
Technological and Electrophysical Characteristics of Receiving Detectors Based on SI(Li), SI (Au) Structures With Scintilator Semiconductor
Authors: A Radjapov S. , I. Maripov 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The scientific significance of the research results is that new technological processes for the preparation of semiconductor detectors based on the Si(Li) p-i-n structure with nuclear radiation were seen and their electrophysical characteristics were determined. Such results are explained by the fact that they are of great importance in the practical application of various semiconductor devices. The practical significance of the research results is the development and implementation of Si(Li) p-i-n structural detectors based on semiconductor monocrystalline silicon.
Harmonising climate mitigation and sustainable development outcomes
Authors: Adshead Daniel , Nerini Francesco Fuso , Thacker Scott , Stenström Oscar , Hall Jim W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Actions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions can contribute to a country’s wider development targets, a concept emphasised in the most recent IPCC report on mitigation. Almost every country globally has defined their Nationally Determined Contributions, or NDCs, which provide a formalised mechanism to communicate these commitments. Driven by the urgency imposed by the decade of action, and opportunities presented by ongoing NDC updates, we argue for a more explicit indicator-based alignment of these pledges with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Here, we illustrate a methodology for quantifying and aligning NDC actions with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance. We demonstrate this approach using four established SDG indicators using data from 196 countries, from a diverse range of socio-economic contexts. In doing so, we highlight the potential for harmonised emissions reductions and SDG action to underpin the transition towards a more sustainable and resilient future for people and the planet.
Classification of Speech Arrests and Speech Impairments during Awake Craniotomy: a multi-databases analysis
Authors: Maoudj Ilias , Kuwano Atsushi , Panheleux Céline , Kubota Yuichi , Kawamata Takakazu , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Masamune Ken , Seizuer Romuald , Dardenne Guillaume , Tamura Manabu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Awake craniotomy presents a unique opportunity to map and preserve critical brain functions, particularly speech, during tumor resection. The ability to accurately assess linguistic functions in real-time not only enhances surgical precision but also contributes significantly to improving postoperative outcomes. However, today, its evaluation is subjective as it relies on a clinician’s observations only. This paper explores the use of a deep learning based model for the objective assessment of speech arrest and speech impairments during awake craniotomy.
Methods: We extracted 1883 3-second audio clips containing the patient’s response following Direct Electrical Stimulation from 23 awake craniotomies recorded from two operating rooms of the Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital (Japan) and 2 awake craniotomies recorded from the University Hospital of Brest (France). A Wav2Vec2-based model has been trained and used to detect speech arrests and speech impairments. Experiments were performed with different datasets settings and preprocessing techniques and the performances of the model were evaluated using the F1-score.
Results: The F1-score was 84.12% when the model was trained and tested on Japanese data only. In a cross-language situation, the F1-score was 74.68% when the model was trained on Japanese data and tested on French data.
Conclusion: The results are encouraging even in a cross-language situation but further evaluation is required. The integration of preprocessing techniques, in particular noise reduction, improved the results significantly.
Impact of efficiency on affordability: A study of the Brazilian new water loss goals
Authors: Salgado Fagundes Thalita , Cunha Marques Rui , Fabrício Malheiros Tadeu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Infrastructure service affordability has become a burgeoning concern over the past years due to the recent economic crisis and the growing role of tariffs in funding the services. Pressure on utilities to promote social assistance programs in addition to an efficient service has risen toward providing water as affordable as possible. This study shows the positive impact of efficient services on families' water affordability by analyzing the new Brazilian water loss goals and the potential effect of water loss reduction on total expenses reported in the Brazilian utilities' National Water and Sanitation Information System. The total service cost for water and sanitation (before and after the aforementioned goals) was then translated to average tariff per cubic meter and affordability ratios. The potential water volume saved in physical losses can reach up to 16.6% of the water consumed in the country, and although the impact on water affordability was timid, the positive results indicate utilities have an important role in assuring water and sanitation for all, and regulators must be involved toward taking a deep look at local conditions.
Camptothecin and its Analogs: High-Yielding Ophiorrhiza Species from
Sri Lanka for Sustainable Anticancer Compound Production
Authors: Ranasinghe Hewagamage Dona Gihani Asmeer , Kumara Peramune Arachchilage Amila Saman Prasad , Weerasekara Koonara Mudiyanselage Thilini Dinesha , Perera Poruthotage Pradeep Rasika , Salim Nazeera , Gamage Chandrika Udumalagala 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Camptothecin (CPT) is pivotal in cancer treatment, derived from various
CPT-producing plant species, and is a fundamental component in synthesizing valuable cancer drugs
like Irnotican and Topotecan. Sourcing from nature poses conservation issues, fostering interest in
the herbaceous Ophiorrhiza plant as a more sustainable alternative. Ophiorrhiza species in Sri Lanka
lack comprehensive study, warranting exploration for echo-friendly anticancer compound production.

Objectives:
This study examines CPT and analog content in Ophiorrhiza mungos, O. pectinata, and
O. rugosa across diverse Sri Lankan regions.

Methods:
The study employs Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-DAD (HPLC-DAD), and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) to
quantify and confirm CPT and its analogs.

Results:
Significant variations in the content of CPT and its analogs were observed among plant
parts and regions. O. mungos from Deraniyagala and Bibile regions notably exhibited elevated CPT
levels in fruits and roots. O. rugosa var. Angustifolia and O. pectinata also exhibited a considerable
content of CPT in their roots, though it was significantly lower (p < 0.005) than O. mungos.

Conclusion:
The study validates analytical methods for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy,
and sensitivity per ICH guidelines. The results indicate that Ophiorrhiza species, especially O. mungos and O. rugosa var. Angustifolia holds the potential to be a sustainable source of CPT. Optimizing
cultivation practices offers an eco-friendly solution for anticancer compound production, alleviating
species threats and conserving biodiversity.
Umbilical Cord Blood and UC-MSCs Combined with Low-Dose
Immunosuppressant in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Pure Red
Cell Aplastic: A Case Series
Authors: Zhu Wei-Wei , Zhuang Sujing , Yu Zhe , Li Xin , Han Tian-Jie , Ma Yue , Li Li-Jun , Zhao Zhi-Rui 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
At present, cyclosporine (CsA) is the first-line treatment for Pure Red Cell
Aplasia (PRCA), but CsA administration can be associated with a number of side effects due to its
high toxicity. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a safe and effective treatment for elderly patients who
cannot be treated with conventional doses of CsA, especially those with multiple complications.
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) for PRCA is a promising treatment, but reports of
using umbilical cord blood (UCB) are very rare.

Case Presentation:
In this report, UCB and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)
combined with low-dose CsA (1-3mg/kg/d) were used to treat 3 elderly patients who were diagnosed
with PRCA combined with multiple complications in heart, lung, and renal. The treatments were
successful without complications, and 12 months after stem cell infusion, the blood tests of the patients came normal. Moreover, the function of the liver, heart, and kidney continued to be stable.

Conclusion:
This report provides an effective regimen of using UCB and UC-MSCs combined with
low-dose CsA (1-3 mg/kg/d) to treat PRCA, especially for elderly patients with multiple complications who cannot use the conventional dosage.
Space Nursing for the Future Management of Astronaut Health in other Planets: A Literature Review
Authors: Rivera Milton V. , Vargas Mariela , Cornejo José , Plascencia Paola Velasco , Guillen Karen , Maquera Elsa , Cornejo Jorge , Russomano Thais , Cinelli Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
The idea of exploring space excites more than one person, and not only astronauts but health professionals are also not indifferent to it because for a long time, human healthcare in space has been a priority directly involving the nursing profession; however, there is not much information available on this subject that it’s becoming more relevant every day.

Objective
This study aims to explore, review, and analyze existing literature to identify the basic needs of astronauts, nursing roles, and the challenges they will face in the context of human space exploration.

Methods
A literature review was conducted with bibliographic evidence of documents annexed to the following databases: WoS, MEDLINE through PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, CINAHL-EBSCO and Google Scholar. Previously, a search strategy was designed with descriptors: “Astronauts,” “Space Flight,” and “Nursing in Care,” using Boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. The languages were English and Spanish, there were no restrictions on the type of document and date of publication.

Results
23 documents were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The following results found in the present review have been categorized into 8 thematic areas: historical background, conceptual models and nursing theories applied to space, space environment, physiological changes in space flights, health problems and risks in space, nursing care in space and management of nursing care in space. Finally, future challenges of space nursing. Each of these categories is presented below.

Conclusion
Space Nursing has been constantly developing and its interventions will be required along with the advances in space exploration. It encourages innovation, implementation, building a knowledge base, and discovering new modalities of human healthcare to reach the frontiers of space.