bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Lines as Candidate Reference Materials for Quality Control of ERBB2 Amplification and Expression Assays in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiao Yan , Gao Xiugong , Maragh Samantha , Telford William G , Tona Alessandro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important biomarker whose status plays a pivotal role in therapeutic decision-making for breast cancer patients and in determining their clinical outcomes. Ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of HER2 assays by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) requires a reliable standard for monitoring assay sensitivity and specificity, and for assessing methodologic variation. A prior NIST workshop addressed this need by reaching a consensus to create cell lines as reference materials for HER2 testing.Methods: Breast carcinoma cell lines SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 were characterized quantitatively by IHC with chicken anti-HER2 IgY antibody and by FISH with biotinylated bacterial artificial chromosome DNA probes; both assays used quantum dots as detectors. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cell blocks were prepared and tested for suitability as candidate reference materials by IHC and FISH with commercially available reagents. IHC and FISH results were also compared with those obtained by laser-scanning cytometry and real-time PCR, respectively.Results: MCF-7 cells had typical numbers of gene copies and very low production of HER2 protein, whereas SK-BR-3 cells contained approximately 10-fold more copies of the gene and exhibited approximately 15-fold higher amounts of HER2 protein than MCF-7 cells. FFPE SK-BR-3 cells showed results similar to those for fresh SK-BR-3 cells.Conclusions: SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 are suitable as candidate reference materials in QC of HER2 testing. Coupled with the associated assay platforms, they provide valuable controls for quantitative measurement of HER2 amplification and production in breast cancer samples, irrespective of the antibody/probe or detector used.
Hyperbilirubinemia and Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry
Authors: El-Beshbishi Samar N , Shattuck Karen E , Mohammad Amin A , Petersen John R 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground: Neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia is a common occurrence in newborns. Although most cases of neonatal jaundice have a benign course, severe hyperbilirubinemia can lead to kernicterus, which is preventable if the hyperbilirubinemia is identified early and treated appropriately.Content: This review discusses neonatal jaundice and the use of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurements for identification of neonates at risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia. Such a practice requires appropriate serial testing and result interpretation according to risk level from a nomogram that provides bilirubin concentrations specific for the age of the neonate in hours. In this context, we have evaluated the potential impact on clinical outcome and limitations of TcB methods in current use.Summary: TcB measurement is a viable option in screening neonates to determine if they are at risk for clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia. Total serum bilirubin should be measured by a clinical laboratory if a newborn is shown to be at higher risk for clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia. In addition, external quality assessment to identify biases and operator training issues should be part of any TcB monitoring program.
Outcomes of a Breast Health Project for Hmong Women and Men in California
Authors: Kagawa-Singer Marjorie , Tanjasiri Sora Park , Valdez Annalyn , Yu Hongjian , Foo Mary Anne 
Published: May 2009

Objectives. We used a community-based research approach to test a culturally based breast cancer screening program among low-income Hmong women in central and southern California. Methods. We designed a culturally informed educational program with measures at baseline and 1-year follow-up in 2 intervention cities and 1 comparison city. Measures included changes in breast cancer screening, knowledge, and attitudes. Results. Compared with women in the comparison community, women in the intervention community significantly improved their attitudes toward, and increased their knowledge and receipt of, breast cancer screenings. Odds of women in the intervention group having had a mammogram, having had a clinical breast examination, and having performed breast self-examination was 6.75, 12.16, and 20.06, respectively, compared with women in the comparison group. Conclusions. Culturally informed education materials and intervention design were effective methods in conveying the importance of maintaining and monitoring proper breast health. The strength of community collaboration in survey development and intervention design highlighted the challenges of early detection and screening programs among newer immigrants, who face significant language and cultural barriers to care, and identified promising practices to overcome these health literacy challenges.
Health Insurance Coverage and Medical Expenditures of Immigrants and Native-Born Citizens in the United States
Authors: Ku Leighton 
Published: May 2009

Objectives. I examined insurance coverage and medical expenditures of both immigrant and US-born adults to determine the extent to which immigrants contribute to US medical expenditures. Methods. I used data from the 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to perform 2-part multivariate analyses of medical expenditures, controlling for health status, insurance coverage, race/ethnicity, and other sociodemographic factors. Results. Approximately 44% of recent immigrants and 63% of established immigrants were fully insured over the 12-month period analyzed. Immigrants' per-person unadjusted medical expenditures were approximately one half to two thirds as high as expenditures for the US born, even when immigrants were fully insured. Recent immigrants were responsible for only about 1% of public medical expenditures even though they constituted 5% of the population. After controlling for other factors, I found that immigrants' medical costs averaged about 14% to 20% less than those who were US born. Conclusions. Insured immigrants had much lower medical expenses than insured US-born citizens, even after the effects of insurance coverage were controlled. This suggests that immigrants' insurance premiums may be cross-subsidizing care for the US-born. If so, health care resources could be redirected back to immigrants to improve their care.
Impact of Social Position on the Effect of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Self-Rated Health
Authors: Delpierre Cyrille , Lauwers-Cances Valérie , Datta Geetanjali D. , Berkman Lisa , Lang Thierry 
Published: May 2009

Objectives. We assessed the impact of education level on the association between self-rated health and cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin level, and total cholesterol and triglyceride levels). Methods. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2001 through 2004 (4015 men and 4066 women). Multivariate analyses were performed with a logistic regression model. Results. After adjustment for age and ethnicity, among women with high glycosylated hemoglobin levels, the most-educated women had poorer self-rated health compared with the least-educated women (odds ratio [OR] = 4.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.90, 7.34 vs OR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.60, 4.20, respectively; interaction test, P = 0.06). The same was true among women with high cholesterol levels (OR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.40, 3.56 vs OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.85, 1.49, respectively; interaction test, P = 0.06). Among men, the impact of education level on the association between self-rated health and any cardiovascular risk factors (measured or self-reported) was not significant. Conclusions. The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on self-rated health was higher for highly educated women, which could lead to underestimation of health inequalities between socioeconomic groups when self-rated health is used as an indicator of objective health.
The Association of Immigration and Acculturation Attributes With Oral Health Among Immigrants in New York City
Authors: Cruz Gustavo D. , Chen Yu , Salazar Christian R. , Le Geros Racquel Z. 
Published: May 2009

Objectives. We examined associations between immigration and acculturation attributes and oral disease among immigrants.Methods. We conducted a large cross-sectional study of 1318 immigrants in New York City. We performed comprehensive interviews and oral examinations of the participants and used linear regression models to assess differences in oral disease levels among immigrant subgroups. We also constructed proportional odds models to evaluate the association of oral disease level with length of stay in the United States, age at immigration, and language preference.Results. After we controlled for most known risk factors, country of birth and age at immigration were associated with variations in oral disease prevalence and need for oral health care. Length of stay was inversely associated with need for treatment of dental caries but not with any other indicator of oral disease. Language preference was not associated with any indicator of oral disease.Conclusions. Immigrants’ country of birth, length of stay in the United States, and age at immigration played important roles in their oral disease prevalence, independently of most known risk factors for oral diseases. Our findings emphasize the need for more studies to elucidate the complex relationships of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and culturally influenced factors that impact immigrants' oral health.
The combined use of the nasal prosthesis with nasal stents
Authors: Günay Yumuşhan , Uygur Fatih , Atay Arzu , Çeliköz Bahattin 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Severe and composite defects of the nose due to trauma or excision of neoplasms can cause significant functional and aesthetic problems. It has been known that nasal stents have been used to maintain the nasal patency and nostril shape for a long time. Recently, nasal prosthesis was introduced as a method to solve aesthetic problems of the patients who had an amputated nose. In the present study, nasal prosthesis combined with nazal stents was used to camouflage the nasal disfigurement and to maintain the nasal patency in two adult female patients. Functional and aesthetic results was accepted as satisfactory by both the patients and the physicians.
Elastic, Viscous, and Mass Load Effects on Poststroke Muscle Recruitment and Co-contraction During Reaching: A Pilot Study
Authors: Stoeckmann Tina M. , Sullivan Katherine J. , Scheidt Robert A. 
Published: May 2009

BackgroundResistive exercise after stroke can improve strength (force-generating capacity) without increasing spasticity (velocity-dependent hypertonicity). However, the effect of resistive load type on muscle activation and co-contraction after stroke is not clear.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of load type (elastic, viscous, or mass) on muscle activation and co-contraction during resisted forward reaching in the paretic and nonparetic arms after stroke.DesignThis investigation was a single-session, mixed repeated-measures pilot study.MethodsTwenty participants (10 with hemiplegia and 10 without neurologic involvement) reached forward with each arm against equivalent elastic, viscous, and mass loads. Normalized shoulder and elbow electromyography impulses were analyzed to determine agonist muscle recruitment and agonist-antagonist muscle co-contraction.ResultsMuscle activation and co-contraction levels were significantly higher on virtually all outcome measures for the paretic and nonparetic arms of the participants with stroke than for the matched control participants. Only the nonparetic shoulder responded to load type with similar activation levels but variable co-contraction responses relative to those of the control shoulder. Elastic and viscous loads were associated with strong activation; mass and viscous loads were associated with minimal co-contraction.LimitationsA reasonable, but limited, range of loads was available.ConclusionsMotor control deficits were evident in both the paretic and the nonparetic arms after stroke when forward reaching was resisted with viscous, elastic, or mass loads. The paretic arm responded with higher muscle activation and co-contraction levels across all load conditions than the matched control arm. Smaller increases in muscle activation and co-contraction levels that varied with load type were observed in the nonparetic arm. On the basis of the response of the nonparetic arm, this study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that viscous loads elicited strong muscle activation with minimal co-contraction. Further intervention studies are needed to determine whether viscous loads are preferable for poststroke resistive exercise programs.
Percutaneous tumor curettage and interstitial delivery of samarium-153 coupled with kyphoplasty for treatment of vertebral metastases
Authors: Cardoso Erico R. , Ashamalla Hani , Weng Lijun , Mokhtar Bahaa , Ali Shamsah , Macedon Mark , Guirguis Adel 
Published: May 2009

Object
The object of this study was to investigate the use of a minimally invasive technique for treating metastatic tumors of the vertebral body, aimed at relieving pain, preventing further tumor growth, and minimizing the adverse effects of systemic use of samarium-153 (153Sm).

Methods
The procedure is performed in the same fashion as a kyphoplasty, using a unilateral extrapedicular approach under local anesthesia/mild general sedation, with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. The tumor is accessed as in a standard kyphoplasty. The side is chosen according to the location of the metastasis. Prior to inflation of the balloon the tumor is debulked by percutaneous curettage. Balloon inflation is carried out as per standard kyphoplasty in an attempt to create a larger space and reduce a possible kyphotic deformity. Three mCi of 153Sm-EDTMP (ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid) is then mixed with bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate) and injected into the void created by the balloon tamp.

Results
Twenty-four procedures were performed in 19 patients. There was reliable and reproducible delivery of the radiolabeled 153Sm-EDTMP to the metastatic site, without spillage. The procedure was safe. There were no procedure-related complications. There was no hematological toxicity with the low doses of 153Sm used. Pain improved in all patients. The long-term results related to tumor control continue to be investigated.

Conclusions
Combined percutaneous debulking of confined vertebral metastases and administration of local 153Sm is feasible and safe. Furthermore, this technique leads to immediate relief of cancer-related pain and may help prevent or slow down the progression of vertebral metastatic tumors.
The effect of bone fragment size and cerebrospinal fluid on spinal cord deformation during trauma: an ex vivo study
Authors: Persson Cecilia , McLure Stewart W. D. , Summers Jon , Hall Richard M. 
Published: May 2009

Object
The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of CSF and the size of the impacting bone fragment area on spinal cord deformation during trauma.

Methods
A transverse impact rig was used to produce repeated impacts on bovine and surrogate cord models. Tests were recorded with high-speed video and performed on specimens with and without CSF and/or dura mater and with 3 different impactor areas.

Results
The CSF layer was found to reduce the maximum cord deformation significantly. A 50% reduction in impact area significantly increased the maximum cord deformation by 20–30%. The surrogate model showed similar trends to the bovine model but with lower absolute deformation values.

Conclusions
Cerebrospinal fluid protects the cord during impact by reducing its deformation. A smaller bone fragment impact area increases the deformation of the cord, in agreement with clinical results, where a higher impact energy—possibly giving rise to smaller fragments—results in a worse neurological deficit.
Making the Introduction of Multi-media Technologies Count in Education Reform in Africa: the Case of Ghana
Authors: Akyeampong Kwame 
Published: May 2009

This contribution reviews the introduction of old and new information communication technologies in Ghanaian education. It points out how the recent proliferation of multi-media technologies in the country has ultimately encouraged the introduction of ICTs in education. However, the author argues that much of the move to introduce these new technologies into schools and colleges has not reflected the need to re-conceptualise teacher education curriculum practices to base its foundations on constructivist ideas about knowledge and its production. Without this, reforms to introduce new information communication technologies in classrooms risk becoming tools that are again used to reinforce old traditions of teaching and learning based on uncritical transmission of knowledge. Finally, the author argues that changes to the teacher education curriculum in Ghana, and elsewhere in Africa, should also reflect the new professional learning identities and learning experiences that ICT and other media communication tools are meant to foster in the classroom.
La presente contribución da un repaso a la introducción de las tecnologías antiguas y nuevas de la información en el sector educativo de Ghana. Señala cómo la reciente proliferación de las tecnologías mul timedia en el país ha alentado finalmente la introducción de las TIC en la educación. Sin embargo, el autor sostiene que buena parte de la motivación para introducir estas nuevas tecnologías en los centros educativos e institutos superiores no ha reflejado la necesidad de reconceptualizar las prácticas curriculares en la formación docente, con el fin de fundamentarlas en ideas constructivistas sobre los conocimientos y su producción. Sin esto, las reformas para introducir las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación en las aulas corren el riesgo de ser meramente herramientas que nuevamente se utilizan para reforzar las viejas tradiciones de enseñanza y aprendizaje en base a la trasmisión de los conocimientos sin ningún pensamiento crítico. Finalmente, el autor insiste en que los cambios curriculares en la formación docente en Ghana, y en otras partes de África, también deben reflejar las nuevas identidades de aprendizaje profesional y experiencias de aprendizaje que deben fomentar las TIC y otras herramientas mediáticas en el aula.
A WebQuest for Vocational Guidance in High Schools
Authors: Hernando-Gómez Ángel 
Published: May 2009

The present paper exposes a teaching resource, designed to serve as a complement to the Vocational and Professional Counseling Program of High Schools. The WebQuest intended to facilitate students´ self-knowledge, the knowledge of the academic and professional environment and to help them in the process of decision-making. This work also presents the characteristics of the tool, the websites where it is housed, the working methodology, the objectives of the teaching resource, a description of the process the learners should go through in order to accomplishing the task, the most representative result and the final conclusions. As a final conclusion, we underline that the ICTs use in professional counseling could optimize and enrichment those interventions developed in High School centers.
En el presente artículo se expone una WebQuest diseñada para servir de complemento al Plan de Orientación Vocacional y Profesional (POVP) de Bachillerato, con ella se pretende facilitar al alumnado el conocimiento de sí mismo, el conocimiento del entorno académico y profesional y ayudarle en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Se describen las características de la herramienta, dónde está alojada, los objetivos que se persiguen, los procedimientos TIC utilizados, la metodología de trabajo, así como los recursos y actividades que se plantean. Como conclusión se destaca que la utilización de las TIC en orientación psicopedagógica permite optimizar y enriquecer las intervenciones que se llevan a cabo en los centros de Secundaria.
Studies on the possibility of recycling microencapsulated disperse dye‐bath effluents
Authors: Ji Jun‐ling , Yang Xu‐Jie , Lu Lu‐De , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe volume of water consumed by human beings has increased dramatically in recent years while water supply has remained constant; both demographic growth and the expansion of industrial activity require more water consumption. The textile industry is undoubtedly one of the most pressured industries that need water intensively. Efficient use of water tends to be a crucial subject for the dyeing industry. In this study, melamine resin microcapsules containing pure disperse dyes were prepared by in situ polymerization. The microcapsules were characterized on the basis of structure, morphologies, mean particle size, and size distribution. The dyeing behaviors of microencapsulated disperse dyes (MDDs) were evaluated on polyester fabrics in the absence of auxiliaries. Its effluent can be reused several times after being simply filtered and can be used as solvent for PET fabric scouring. The treated fabrics exhibited satisfactory levelness and fastness properties. MDDs can be used in dyeing PET, without using surfactants, and the effluents can be recycled and reused. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Combined use of impella device and intra‐aortic balloon pump to improve survival in a patient in profound cardiogenic shock post cardiac arrest
Authors: Gupta Anjan , Allaqaband Suhail , Bajwa Tanvir 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPatients who suffer cardiogenic shock after cardiac arrest have a very poor prognosis. Left ventricular assist devices have proven to be useful in these patients to improve survival. Recently introduced percutaneous assist devices are easier to use and can be inserted quickly in the catheterization laboratory. We describe a case where intra‐aortic balloon pump by itself was not enough to provide hemodynamic support in a patient with cardiogenic shock after cardiac arrest. The Impella Recover® LP 2.5 system (ABIOMED, Inc., Danvers, MA) was successfully used along with the balloon pump for hemodynamic support and resulted in dramatic improvement of the patient's condition. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.