bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinician's guide to X-linked hypophosphatemia
Authors: Carpenter Thomas O , Imel Erik A , Holm Ingrid A , Jan de Beur Suzanne M , Insogna Karl L 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the prototypic disorder of renal phosphate wasting, and the most common form of heritable rickets. Physicians, patients, and support groups have all expressed concerns about the dearth of information about this disease and the lack of treatment guidelines, which frequently lead to missed diagnoses or mismanagement. This perspective addresses the recommendation by conferees for the dissemination of concise and accessible treatment guidelines for clinicians arising from the Advances in Rare Bone Diseases Scientific Conference held at the NIH in October 2008. We briefly review the clinical and pathophysiologic features of the disorder and offer this guide in response to the conference recommendation, based on our collective accumulated experience in the management of this complex disorder. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Constitutive activation of nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor 2 induces biotransformation enzyme and transporter expression in livers of mice with hepatocyte‐specific deletion of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1
Authors: Cheng Qiuqiong , Taguchi Keiko , Aleksunes Lauren M. , Manautou José E. , Cherrington Nathan J. , Yamamoto Masayuki , Slitt Angela L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractChemicals that activate nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) often increase multidrug‐resistance‐associated protein (Mrp) expression in liver. Hepatocyte‐specific deletion of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) activates Nrf2. Use of hepatocyte‐specific Keap1 deletion represents a nonpharmacological method to determine whether constitutive Nrf2 activation upregulates liver transporter expression in vivo. The mRNA, protein expression, and localization of several biotransformation and transporters were determined in livers of wild‐type and hepatocyte‐specific Keap1‐null mice. Sulfotransferase 2a1/2, NADP(H):quinone oxidoreductase 1, cytochrome P450 2b10, 3a11, and glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit expression were increased in livers of Keap1‐null mice. Organic anion‐transporting polypeptide 1a1 expression was nearly abolished, as compared to that detected in livers of wild‐type mice. By contrast, Mrp 1–5 mRNA and protein levels were increased in Keap1‐null mouse livers, with Mrp4 expression being more than 15‐fold higher than wild types. In summary, Nrf2 has a significant role in affecting Oatp and Mrp expressions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:320–329, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20392
Microarray profiling of monocytic differentiation reveals miRNA‐mRNA intrinsic correlation
Authors: Wang Jing , Xiang Guangxing , Mitchelson Keith , Zhou Yuxiang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMiRNAs (microRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs involved in mammalian gene expression of cellular processes including differentiation, apoptosis and cancer development. Both specific miRNAs and mRNAs have been identified during monocytic differentiation, but their interactions have not been fully characterized. Here we report that by genome‐wide microarray analysis for U937 monocytic differentiation induced by TPA, a large number of miRNAs and mRNAs were differentially expressed, and by bioinformatics analysis could demonstrate that their functional pathway patterns overlap strongly. While expected negative correlation between the expression levels of miRNAs and their target mRNAs was seen, several positive correlations between miRNAs and host mRNAs were also observed, such as C13orf25/miR17, MCM7/miR93, and MGC14376/miR22. These microarray data were verified by quantitative RT‐PCR, and the TPA‐induced differentiation of U937 cells was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. Our study suggests an intrinsic correlation between miRNAs and mRNAs underlying their interactions which would provide new insights for defining the mechanisms occurring during monocytic differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2443–2453, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered expression levels of miRNAs in serum as sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of traumatic injury
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liao Yonghui , Wang Desheng , He Yong , Cao Dayong , Zhang Fuqin , Dou Kefeng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length which regulate gene expression negatively and play important roles in many pathological processes. It has been demonstrated that circulating miRNAs hold promise to serve as practicable molecular markers for diverse physiological and pathological conditions. In this investigation, we chose partial hepatectomy (PH) as traumatic injury model. There were significantly differential expression of miRNAs in rat serum post‐traumatic injury (21 miRNAs were more than twofold up‐regulated). Especially, the expression of miR‐9 showed the highest up‐regulated (>70‐fold), and it possessed the characteristics of biomarker that was more sensitive than aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and C‐reactive protein for traumatic liver injury. There was also a prominent increase in the expression levels of miR‐9 in different brain areas after traumatic injury. Our data suggest that serum miR‐9 may serve as promising biomarker for traumatic injury with high sensitivity. Furthermore, these findings may help to elucidate the complex network which mediates stress response to traumatic injury. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2435–2442, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonographic diagnosis of gastric duplication cyst communicating with the gastric lumen
Authors: Yang Dal Mo , Kim Hyun Cheol , Choi Sung Il , Lim Sung Jig 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGastric duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies, which account for about 7% of all enteric duplications. We report the sonographic findings of a rare case of gastric duplication cyst, communicating with the gastric lumen in a 30‐year‐old woman. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Prolapsed simple ureterocele: Evaluation by transvaginal voiding sono‐urethrography
Authors: Taori Kishor , Joshi Manisha , Dhakate Suresh , Disawal Amit , Nathe Vibhavari , Mone Rachna 
Published: May 2011

AbstractProlapsed ureterocele is a rare complication that may present with acute bladder outlet obstruction, generally in female infants. We present a case of prolapsed simple ureterocele in an adult woman, evaluated by transvaginal micturating sono‐urethrography. High‐frequency transvaginal sonography of the urethra performed during micturation revealed the relationship of the ureterocele with the urethral wall. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011;
Prenatal two‐ and three‐dimensional imaging in two cases of severe penoscrotal hypospadias
Authors: Bamberg Christian , Brauer Martin , Degenhardt Petra , Szekessy David P. , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present the prenatal two‐ and three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) findings in two cases of severe penoscrotal hypospadias. 3D sonography was used for better definition of ambiguous genitalia. The images were compared with postnatal clinical features. Despite hypospadias being the most common urogenital anomaly of male neonates, the diagnosis is often missed before birth. Performing prenatal ultrasound should include the study of genitals, not only determining the sex. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Inclusion bodies in loggerhead erythrocytes are associated with unstable hemoglobin and resemble human Heinz bodies
Authors: Basile Filomena , Di Santi Annalisa , Caldora Mercedes , Ferretti Luigi , Bentivegna Flegra , Pica Alessandra 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to clarify the role of the erythrocyte inclusions found during the hematological screening of loggerhead population of the Mediterranean Sea. We studied the erythrocyte inclusions in blood specimens collected from six juvenile and nine adult specimens of the loggerhead turtle,Caretta caretta, from the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas. Our study indicates that the percentage of mature erythrocytes containing inclusions ranged from 3 to 82%. Each erythrocyte contained only one round inclusion body. Inclusion bodies stained with May Grünwald–Giemsa show that their cytochemical and ultrastructure characteristics are identical to those of human Heinz bodies. Because Heinz bodies originate from the precipitation of unstable hemoglobin (Hb) and cause globular osmotic resistance to increase, we analyzed loggerhead Hb using electrophoresis and high‐performance liquid chromatography to detect and quantitate Hb fractions. We also tested the resistance of Hb to alkaline pH, heat, isopropanol denaturation, and globular osmosis. Our hemogram results excluded the occurrence of any infection, which could be associated with an inclusion body, in all the specimens. Negative Feulgen staining indicated that the inclusion bodies are not derived from DNA fragmentation. We hypothesize that amino acid substitutions could explain why loggerhead Hb precipitates under normal physiologic conditions, forming Heinz bodies. The identification of inclusion bodies in loggerhead erythrocytes allow us to better understand the haematological characteristics and the physiology of these ancient reptiles, thus aiding efforts to conserve such an endangered species.J. Exp. Zool. 315:416–423, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular architecture of muscles in an acoel and its evolutionary implications
Authors: Chiodin Marta , Achatz Johannes G. , Wanninger Andreas , Martinez Pedro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe have characterized the homologs of an actin, a troponin I, and a tropomyosin gene in the acoel Symsagittifera roscoffensis. These genes are expressed in muscles and most likely coexpressed in at least a subset of them. In addition, and for the first time for Acoela, we have produced a species‐specific muscular marker, an antibody against the tropomyosin protein. We have followed tropomyosin gene and protein expression during postembryonic development and during the posterior regeneration of amputated adults, showing that preexisting muscle fibers contribute to the wound closure. The three genes characterized in this study interact in the striated muscles of vertebrates and invertebrates, where troponin I and tropomyosin are key regulators of the contraction of the sarcomere. S. roscoffensis and all other acoels so far described have only smooth muscles, but the molecular architecture of these is the same as that of striated fibers of other bilaterians. Given the proposed basal position of acoels within the Bilateria, we suggest that sarcomeric muscles arose from a smooth muscle type, which had the molecular repertoire of striated musculature already in place. We discuss this model in a broad comparative perspective. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:427–439, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amlodipine and atorvastatin exert protective and additive effects via antiapoptotic and antiautophagic mechanisms after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in Zucker metabolic syndrome rats
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Deguchi Shoko , Deguchi Kentaro , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Shang Jingwei , Tian Fengfeng , Liu Ning , Liu Wentao , Ikeda Yoshio , Matsuura Tohru , Abe Koji 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe examined the neuroprotective effects amlodipine and/or atorvastatin in metabolic syndrome (MetS) Zucker fatty rats against transient (90 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats were pretreated with vehicle, amlodipine, atorvastatin, or amlodipine plus atorvastatin for 28 days, and 24 hr after transient MCAO the infarct size was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin in situ nick end labeling (TUNEL) and microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) expression were examined by immunohistochemistry to evaluate apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Compared with the vehicle group, rats treated with amlodipine or atorvastatin alone showed a significant decrease in infarct volume (P < 0.01), which was further decreased in the amlodipine plus atorvastatin group (P < 0.001). Compared with the vehicle group, the numbers of TUNEL‐ and LC3‐positive cells were markedly reduced by amlodipine or atorvastatin alone (P < 0.01) and further decreased by amlodipine plus atorvastatin (P < 0.001). The number of apoptotic TUNEL/autophagic LC3 double‐positive cells was also significantly decreased with amlodipine or atorvastatin alone compared with vehicle (P < 0.01) and was further decreased by amlodipine plus atorvastatin (P < 0.001). These data suggest additive neuroprotective effects of combination amlodipine and atorvastatin treatment after acute ischemic stroke in MetS model Zucker rats. These effects are mediated, at least in part, via antiapoptotic and antiautophagic mechanisms. Further studies are now needed to expand these preliminary results to understand fully the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of amlodipine and atorvastatin against ischemic stroke. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potassium‐induced structural changes of the endoplasmic reticulum in pyramidal neurons in murine organotypic hippocampal slices
Authors: Kucharz Krzysztof , Wieloch Tadeusz , Toresson Håkan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure is of central importance for the regulation of cellular anabolism, stress response, and signal transduction. Generally continuous, the ER can temporarily undergo dramatic structural rearrangements resulting in a fragmented appearance. In this study we assess the dynamic nature of ER fission in pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures stimulated by depolarizing concentration of potassium (50 mM). The slices were obtained from transgenic mice expressing fluorescent ER‐targeted DsRed2 protein. We employed live tissue confocal microscopy imaging with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to monitor the extent of structural rearrangements of the ER. In control slices, the ER structure was continuous. Potassium stimulation resulted in extensive fragmentation (fission), whereas return to basal potassium levels (2.5 mM) led to ER fusion and normalization of ER structure. This ER fission/fusion could be repeated several times in the same neuron, demonstrating the reversibility of the process. Blockade of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) with the antagonist D‐AP5 or removal of extracellular Ca2+ prevented depolarization‐induced ER fission. ER fission is sensitive to temperature, and decreasing temperature from 35°C to 30°C augments fission, implying that the altering of ER continuity may be a protective response against damage. We conclude that events that generate membrane depolarisation in brain tissue lead to the release of endogenous glutamate that may regulate neuronal ER continuity. The rapid and reversible NMDAR‐mediated changes in ER structure reflect an adaptive, innate property of the ER for synaptic activation as well as response to tissue stress, injury, and disease. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SKF83959 suppresses excitatory synaptic transmission in rat hippocampus via a dopamine receptor‐independent mechanism
Authors: Chu Hong‐Yuan , Wu Qianqian , Zhou Shanglin , Cao Xiaohua , Zhang Ao , Jin Guo‐Zhang , Hu Guo‐Yuan , Zhen Xuechu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDopamine (DA) profoundly modulates excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the brain. In the present study the effects of SKF83959, the selective agonist of phosphatidylinositol (PI)‐linked D1‐like receptor, on the excitatory synaptic transmission were investigated in rat hippocampus. SKF83959 (10–100 μM) reversibly suppressed the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) elicited by stimulating the Schaffer's collateral‐commissural fibers in CA1 area of hippocampal slices. However, the inhibition was not blocked by the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390, the D2 receptor antagonist raclopride, the 5‐HT2A/2C receptor antagonist mesulergine, or the α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. In addition, SKF83959 inhibited the afferent volley and significantly reduced the paired‐pulse facilitation ratios. In dissociated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, SKF83959 had no detectable effect on glutamate‐induced currents but potently inhibited voltage‐activated Na+ current (IC50 value = 26.9 ± 1.0 μM), which was not blocked by SCH23390 or by intracellular dialysis of GDP‐β‐S. These results demonstrate that SKF83959 suppressed the excitatory synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 area, which was independent of D1‐like receptor. The mechanism underlying the effect could be mainly inhibition of Na+ channel in the afferent fibers. The suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission and the Na+ channel by SKF83959 may contribute to its therapeutic benefits in Parkinson's disease. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down‐regulation of Kir4.1 in the cerebral cortex of rats with liver failure and in cultured astrocytes treated with glutamine: Implications for astrocytic dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Obara‐Michlewska Marta , Pannicke Thomas , Karl Anett , Bringmann Andreas , Reichenbach Andreas , Szeliga Monika , Hilgier Wojciech , Wrzosek Antoni , Szewczyk Adam , Albrecht Jan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBrain edema in acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is due mainly to swelling of astrocytes. Efflux of potassium is implicated in the prevention of glial swelling under hypoosmotic conditions. We investigated whether pathogenic factors of HE, glutamine (Gln) and/or ammonia, induce alterations in the expression of glial potassium channels (Kir4.1, Kir2.1) and Na+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter‐1 (NKCC1) in rat cerebral cortex and cultured rat cortical astrocytes and whether these alterations have consequences for potassium efflux and astrocytic swelling. Thioacetamide‐induced acute liver failure in rats resulted in significant decreases in the Kir4.1 mRNA and protein contents of cerebral cortex, whereas expression of Kir2.1 and NKCC1 remained unaltered. Incubation of primary cortical astrocytes for 72 hr in the presence of Gln (5 mM), but not of ammonia (5 mM or 10 mM), induced a decrease in the levels of Kir4.1 mRNA and protein. Similarly to incubation with Gln, reduction of Kir4.1 mRNA expression by RNA interference caused swelling of astrocytes as shown by confocal imaging followed by 3D computational analysis. Gln reduced the astrocytic uptake of D‐[3H]aspartate, but, in contrast to the earlier reported effect of ammonia, this reduction was not accompanied by decreased expression of the astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT‐1 mRNA. Both Gln and ammonia decreased hypoosmolarity‐induced 86Rb efflux from the cells, but the effect was more pronounced with Gln. The results indicate that down‐regulation of Kir4.1 may mediate distinct aspects of Gln‐induced astrocytic dysfunction in HE. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resonant Raman scattering in CdSxSe1−xnanocrystals: effects of phonon confinement, composition, and elastic strain
Authors: Neto E. S. Freitas , da Silva S. W. , Morais P. C. , Vasilevskiy M. I. , Pereira‐da‐Silva M. A. , Dantas N. O. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOptical phonon modes, confined in CdSxSe1−xnanocrystal (NC) quantum dots (≈2 nm in radius) grown in a glass matrix by the melting‐nucleation method, were studied by resonant Raman scattering (RRS) spectroscopy and theoretical modeling. The formation of nanocrystalline quantum dots (QDs) is evidenced by the observation of absorption peaks and theoretically expected resonance bands in the RRS excitation spectra. This system, a ternary alloy, offers the possibility to investigate the interplay between the effects of phonon localization by disorder and phonon confinement by the NC/matrix interface. Based on the concept of propagating optical phonons, which is accepted for two‐mode pseudo‐binary alloys in their bulk form, we extended the continuous lattice dynamics model, which has successfully been used for nearly spherical NCs of binary materials, to the present case. After determining the alloy composition for NCs (that was evaluated with only 2–3% uncertainty using the bulk longitudinal optical phonon wavenumbers) and the NC size (using atomic force microscopy and optical absorption data), the experimental RRS spectra were described rather well by this theory, including the line shape and polarization dependence of the scattering intensity. Even though the presence of a compressive strain in the NCs (introduced by the matrix) masks the expected downward shift owing to the phonons' spatial quantization, the asymmetric broadening of both Raman peaks is similar to that characteristic of NCs of pure binary materials. Although with some caution, we suggest that both CdSe‐like and CdS‐like optical phonon modes indeed are propagating within the NC size unless the alloy is considerably heterogeneous. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental parameters for the SERS of nitrate ion for label‐free semi‐quantitative detection of proteins and mechanism for proteins to form SERS hot sites: a SERS study
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Huang Genin Gary , Kato Tomoki , Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe have explored the effects of the experimental parameters on the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensities of NO3− and proteins observed by a heat‐induced SERS method developed by our group. The results have shown that a strong SERS signal can be obtained at pH 4.0, using an Ag colloid prepared with the reduction time of 15 min (the average size of Ag nanoparticle is 56.5 nm) dilution prepared Ag colloid by a factor of 2 by use of a 5 mM citrate buffer, using 6 mM NaNO3 and drying the sample at 100 °C, respectively. Based on the results, two possible mechanisms for proteins to form SERS hot sites during the sample preparations are proposed. A semi‐quantitative SERS detection of ribonuclease B has been investigated. Also, NaNO2, Mg (NO3)2, MgSO4 and Na2SO4 have been found to be suitable for the heat‐induced SERS method. Importantly, samples prepared by the heat‐induced SERS method are so stable that these samples can be used as a standard and transferred to different laboratories for direct comparison. Namely, it can overcome uncontrollable aggregation of Ag colloids in a solution sample. All these advantages and the simplicity of experimental setup have demonstrated that the heat‐induced SERS method using NaNO3 as an electrolyte is very promising for label‐free routine and quantitative detection of proteins. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.