bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Marginal/Mature Oil Fields: A Case Study of the Sinclair Field
Authors: Resnyanskiy P. , Babadagli T. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Development of marginal/mature fields has become popular because of a significant decline in new field discoveries and high oil prices. In particular, small size fields of this kind are more challenging because of limited options for development. This paper presents a study on the Sinclair field located in Alberta, Canada. The field has 19 wells, six of which are horizontal, and have been in production for more than 20 years. Despite the quality of oil (40°API, 1.5 cp) and rock properties (20% average porosity, water-wet sandstone), the current production is less than 100 bbl/D for the whole field. The field is now undergoing waterflooding. The main challenges are the thin pay zone (~4 m), severe water production and a puzzling recovery factor of approximately 10%.
The current study consists of three phases: numerical reservoir modelling and history match to understand the reasons for low oil production and to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of the field, characterization of reservoir and interwell connectivity using static and production data and proposing an enhanced oil recovery technique supported by field scale numerical simulation. After modelling and history matching stages, potential reserves locations are estimated for possible dilute surfactant injection. Based on interwell connectivity, different injection schemes that use some producers as injectors are tested. The obtained results are subject to further evaluation and analysis to derive the economic viability of the field.
CO2 Temperature Prediction in Injection Tubing Considering Supercritical Condition at Yubari ECBM Pilot-Test
Authors: Yasunami Tetsu , Sasaki Kyuro , Sugai Yuichi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The Japanese consortium to enhance CO2-ECBM carried out a pilot project on CO2 injection from 2002 to 2007 in the city of Yubari, Hokkaido, Japan. However, supercritical CO2 could not be obtained because of low CO2 injectivity and heat loss along the deep injection tubing. The absolute pressure and CO2 temperature at the bottomhole was approximately 15.5 MPa and 28°C, respectively. Therefore, it can be assumed that CO2 was injected into the coal seam in its liquid phase. Liquid CO2 is less permeable in the coal seam because of its high viscosity and the resultant swelling of the coal matrix to decrease permeability.
This study provides a numerical system to predict CO2 flow characteristics of pressure, temperature, supercritical or liquid by considering heat transfer from the injector into surrounding casings and strata. This study focused on keeping supercritical CO2 in the tubing because the viscosity of supercritical CO2 is 40% less than that of liquid CO2. The CO2 temperature required to keep CO2 in its supercritical condition from the surface to the bottom was successfully predicted for various CO2 injection rates and electric heating powers.
Finally, injected CO2 is expected to be supercritical at an injection rate of over 12 ton/d without any heating.
A 3D Finite Element Model for History Matching Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconsolidated Sands Formation
Authors: Xu Bin , Wong Ron C.K. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Field hydraulic fracturing tests data provide valuable information regarding the mechanical and hydraulic behaviours of the reservoir formation. By history matching the field bottomhole pressure vs. time curve from hydraulic fracturing tests, a set of field-calibrated geomechanical models can be obtained, which is an important asset for any further works on utilizing geomechanics to enhance the injection and production performance. This paper presents a 3D finite element model for history matching the complete bottomhole pressure vs. time curve generated during hydraulic fracturing tests, considering the injection rate as input. To simulate the hydraulic fracturing process in unconsolidated sands formation, a poro-elasto-plastic constitutive model, together with a strain-induced anisotropic full permeability model, are formulated and implemented into a 3D finite element geomechanical simulator. Unlike the conventional simulation of hydraulic fracturing in hard rock, hydraulic fracturing in an unconsolidated sands reservoir is simulated as a large area of shear dilated plastic zone, inside of which the effective stresses are low and hydraulic conductivities are high. It is shown that the proposed numerical model can capture the hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation in unconsolidated sands formation and matches the field pressure vs. time curve.
Simulation of Bacterial Souring Control in an Alberta Heavy-Oil Reservoir
Authors: Coombe Dennis A. , Jack Tom , Voordouw Gerrit , Zhang Frank , Clay Bill , Miner Kirk 
Published: June 2010

Summary
This paper presents the development of a simulation model describing the bacterial-induced souring of an Alberta heavy-oil producing field and its remediation via injection of nitrate. An area of the field with extensive bacterial activity was selected for the simulation study. The primary production and water-flood injection phases were history matched with basic reservoir maps and injection/production operating conditions adjusted via an automatic history match algorithm. Extensive chemical and microbiological compositional data for injected and produced waters were collected and analyzed at the University of Calgary and a mathematical model of the souring process and its remediation treatment was developed based on the information collected. Simulation indicated the volumetric distribution of the hydrogen sulfide over time and how the injected nitrate was distributed and acted to achieve souring control. Predicted individual production well responses were shown to be consistent with field observations, and issues regarding improved monitoring and design of laboratory experiments for future field operations are highlighted. Hence, simulation can be a useful tool in understanding and designing remedial treatments to bacterial souring in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.
Coupling Immiscible CO2 Technology and Polymer Injection to Maximize EOR Performance for Heavy Oils
Authors: Zhang Yiping , Huang Sam S. , Luo Peng 
Published: June 2010

Summary
With approximately 90% of Saskatchewan's original heavy oil in place remaining in the ground, there is excellent potential for the application of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods and new technologies. The goal of the study discussed in this paper was to investigate if a new proposed process--coupling CO2 and polymer injection--can increase EOR performance for heavy oil reservoirs. The oil recovery performance of three EOR modes [water-alternating-gas (CO2 WAG) injection, polymer-alone flood and coupled CO2 and polymer injection] was compared in laboratory-scale linear coreflood tests in waterflooded cores. The immiscible CO2 WAG process recovered 15.3% original oil in place (OOIP) with 6.16 MSCF/stb gas utilization. Under a controlled maximum pressure drop across the core, the polymer-alone (0.4 wt%) flood produced an additional 12.93% OOIP above the initial waterflood recovery. However, the coupled CO2 and polymer injection process (using a polymer concentration of only 0.2 wt%) gave better recovery efficiency (18.7% OOIP) than the polymer-alone flood. Moreover, it had much better gas utilization than the CO2 WAG run, consuming only 2.0 MSCF/stb, or one-third of the amount of CO2 used in that run to recover the same amount of oil. This performance comparison demonstrates two of the biggest advantages of coupled CO2 and polymer injection: it can effectively reduce the pressure drop across the core and can obtain encouraging recovery if the optimal polymer concentration is added to the water.
Numerical History Match of the Burnt Lake SAGD Process
Authors: Ito Yoshiaki , Chen Joyce J. 
Published: June 2010

Summary
The Burnt Lake Oil Sand Lease is located approximately 300 km northeast of Edmonton. The lease is estimated to contain 330x106 m3 of bitumen in place in the Clearwater oil sands formation. Cold production was tested in the lease to recover 11°API - 12°API crude bitumen between 1990 - 1993.
Three pairs of SAGD operations began in April 1997 after 3 months of circulation. Many interesting characteristics were identified in the injection and production history. During the first year of operation, pressure and oil production rates decreased when steam injection rates were reduced. After the second year of operation, oil production rates responded inversely to steam injection rates. Oil rates were reduced when steam rates were increased, and oil rates increased when steam rates were reduced. Declines in oil rates were relatively slow over the entire operation period. When the steam injection was stopped for approximately 5 months after 5 years of operation, the operation pressure and oil production rates were gradually reduced during this period.
Many other unexpected trends were also observed. All these features were consistently seen in all three pairs. This paper presents these behaviours in detail. A simulation study of 9 years of performance of Pair 1 was conducted to understand these characteristics. The history match demonstrated that oil production was achieved by two different mechanisms: one was expansion of the steam chamber and the other was drainage of oil from the layer above the steam chamber. Many unexpected performances were the result of the combination of these two recovery mechanisms.
Evaluation of Recovery Technologies for the Grosmont Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Jiang Qi , Yuan Jian-Yang , Russel-Houston Jen , Thornton Bruce , Squires Andrew 
Published: June 2010

Summary
The Upper Devonian Grosmont formation is a bitumen-saturated, carbonate unit located in Northern Alberta. It is considered to be among the world?s next largest unconventional oil resource plays. Since early 2006, there has been an increased interest in Grosmont resources exhibited by a range of companies, including super-majors.
Several in-situ pilot tests were conducted in the central portion of this area in the 1970s and 1980s, using steam and in-situ combustion processes. Similar to field tests in the McMurray formation oil sands before invention of the Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process, none of the early recovery technologies tested proved to be economic. Because the "gravity" drainage process has proved successful in commercial development of the McMurray formation oil sands since the mid- to late-1990s, the recovery potential for the Grosmont formation should be re-evaluated, based on improved recovery techniques.
Results from cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) field tests are compared and analyzed to understand the similarity and fundamental differences in reservoir properties between the McMurray formation oil sands and the Grosmont formation carbonate rocks. A preliminary interpretation is provided for laboratory test results for solvent processes applied to Grosmont carbonate cores. The scaling considerations from the laboratory results to field expectations are discussed. The paper also provides a direction for future studies and optimization opportunities for reservoir recovery leading to the commercial development of Grosmont carbonate reservoirs.
Cerebral and Cerebellar Volume Loss in Children and Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review of Clinically Acquired Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: MUSCAL EYAL , TRAIPE ELFRIDES , de GUZMAN MARIETTA M. , MYONES BARRY L. , BREY ROBIN L. , HUNTER JILL V. 
Published: June 2010

Objective.Cerebral atrophy is a prominent feature in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assessed cerebral and cerebellar volume loss on clinically acquired brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of children and adolescents with SLE.Methods.We abstracted information on disease course for patients who underwent clinical brain MRI during the period 2002–2008. We completed qualitative assessments of volume loss and measured corpus callosum thickness and ventricular enlargement for patients with lupus and controls.Results.Forty-nine children underwent brain MRI during the review period due to clinical indications. The lupus cohort was predominantly female and ethnically diverse. Mean age at imaging was 15.3 ± 2.6 years and mean disease duration was 30.6 ± 33.3 months. Findings suggestive of cerebral and cerebellar volume loss were seen respectively in 89.8% and 91.8% of lupus patients. Cerebral volume loss was moderate or severe in 26.5% of children. Cerebellar volume loss was moderate in 20.4% of these patients. Linear measurement means reflected corpus callosum thinning and ventricular enlargement in lupus patients. Volume loss was observed in newly diagnosed patients prior to corticosteroid use. Disease duration and corticosteroid use did not predict the severity of volume loss. There were statistically significant differences in linear imaging measurements comparing lupus patients to 14 similar-age controls.Conclusion.Regional volume loss was observed in most adolescents with lupus undergoing clinical brain MRI scans. As in other pediatric conditions with inflammatory or vascular etiologies, these findings may be reflecting disease-associated neuronal loss and not solely the effects of corticosteroid.
Serum Albumin as a Marker for Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: YIP JONATHAN , AGHDASSI ELAHEH , SU JIANDONG , LOU WENDY , REICH HEATHER , BARGMAN JOANNE , SCHOLEY JAMES , GLADMAN DAFNA D. , UROWITZ MURRAY B. , FORTIN PAUL R. 
Published: June 2010

Objective.To determine whether serum albumin reflects disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with and without nephritis (LN, LNN), and whether serum albumin could be a surrogate marker of SLE disease activity overall. There is currently no clinical “gold standard” in the assessment of disease activity in SLE.Methods.Patients with ≥ 3 clinic visits within a maximum followup period of 10 years were selected from the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic database. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: LN-B, those with nephritis defined by histological findings on renal biopsies; LN-L, those with nephritis defined by laboratory abnormalities in the absence of biopsy; and LNN, those without nephritis. In a subanalysis, the renal groups were further stratified by proteinuria status. The associations of SLE-Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) with serum albumin and dsDNA were examined using the mixed model regression analysis.Results.A total of 1078 patients were studied: 89.1% female, 71.5% white, mean age 33.6 (SD 12.6) years, and with median baseline SLEDAI-2K of 8. Serum albumin was more significantly associated with SLEDAI in LN-B and LN-L. The association was also present but weaker in the LNN group. In all LN, the associations between serum albumin and SLEDAI-2K were stronger in those with proteinuria.Conclusion.In patients with SLE, higher SLEDAI was associated with lower serum albumin levels.
Le paysage, outil de territorialisation et d'aménagement incomplet pour les forêts méditerranéennes ?
Authors: Fourault-Cauët Véronique 
Published: June 2010

Cet article porte sur la valeur opératoire du paysage dans l’aménagement forestier méditerranéen. Est-il une simple notion discursive, ou un objectif, voire le moteur de l’aménagement ? Le paysage est certes au cœur des enjeux de ces boisements : accrus, demande sociale, biodiversité etc. Il s’est de fait s’est imposé dans les discours forestiers. Mais il joue encore un rôle modeste dans les pratiques concrètes d’aménagement. Localement, la notion est mal connue. Le modèle paysager méditerranéen, l’héritage sylvicole de l’Europe du Nord, le flou de la notion expliquent ces gradations. Enfin, les approches paysagistes actuelles posent des difficultés structurelles, en prônant une conception réticulaire du paysage peu compatible avec la gestion des territoires.
Littérature et conversation au XXe siècle : Proust (encore)
Authors: Héron Pierre-Marie 
Published: June 2010

L’article propose une relecture de la relation de Proust à Sainte-Beuve, à partir du Contre Sainte-Beuve et d’ À l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs . Le refus de concevoir la littérature comme un prolongement de la conversation et d’écrire pour un public se révèle moins tranché qu’il n’y paraît dans le premier volume, où la méthode critique de l’aîné est à la fois pastichée et caricaturée. Sur l’exemple de Bergotte, étudié (d’une manière toute beuvienne) dans son œuvre écrite et dans sa conversation, le divorce s’assouplit de fait dans le second au profit d’une simple hiérarchie de plans ménageant des continuités, reflet de celle existant en réalité entre moi social et moi génial. Demeure une ambivalence majeure, incarnée par la duchesse de Guermantes, vis-à-vis de la conversation « à la française », art de parler réconciliant l’originalité de vision avec le charme.
La dialectique, entre logique et rhétorique
Authors: Keiff Laurent , Rahman Shahid 
Published: June 2010

Nous montrons dans cet article comment les approches dynamiques en logique contemporaine ont retrouvé, quoique sous d ’ autres attendus, une configuration théorique qu ’ on peut attribuer à Aristote au moment de la rédaction des Topiques . Dans cette configuration, la logique et la rhétorique – ou au moins la dialectique – se complètent dans le cadre conceptuel homogène offert par la dialectique, entendue comme une certaine forme relativement codifiée de débat critique. L ’ idée principale est qu ’ aujourd ’ hui, de même qu ’ alors, la dialectique est le cadre dans lequel il est possible de penser le rapport entre la logique et les formes générales de l ’ argumentation d ’ une part, et entre la logique et la théorie de la connaissance scientifique d ’ autre part.
Les enjeux philosophiques de la topique juridique selon Perelman
Authors: Melcer Alain 
Published: June 2010

Juriste de formation logicienne, longtemps influencé par le positivisme logique, Chaim Perelman a d ’ abord pensé qu ’ il était possible d ’ étendre l ’ analyse du raisonnement formel à l ’ argumentation pratique, juridique et morale. L ’ abandon de ce projet est ce qui l ’ a conduit à redécouvrir la topique juridique et à proposer, sous le titre de « nouvelle rhétorique », un retour à la Rhétorique et aux Topiques d ’ Aristote.
La rhétorique : art de la preuve ou art de la persuasion ?
Authors: Danblon Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2010

Cet article propose une nouvelle enquête sur l ’ ancien concept de preuve rhétorique. Seront examinées les notions suivantes : le tekmerion (l ’ indice), le paradeigma (l ’ exemple) et le topos (lieu), afin d ’ éclairer leur lien apparemment paradoxal avec la persuasion et la validité. Le propos est de montrer qu ’ un tel paradoxe peut être résolu grâce à une conception stratifiée de la rationalité, où la raison archaïque soutient la persuasion, tandis que la raison moderne fonde la validité.
Forclore la violence à l'écran : l'écriture cinématographique des « années de plomb » italiennes et la forclusion de la violence politique
Authors: D’Errico Dora 
Published: June 2010

Résumé De nombreux cinéastes italiens choisissent aujourd’hui, après une période de silence relatif, de rouvrir la page des années Soixante-dix. Une observation a guidé notre analyse de ce renouveau cinématographique : le glissement net qui, en vingt ans, s’est opéré dans le portrait du terroriste ; d’une figure invisible, mêlée au corps social, telle qu’on la voit dans les films des années Quatre-vingt, elle est désormais hyper individualisée, et auscultée avec les outils du psychologue et du criminologue. Répondant au malaise collectif, aux plaies encore ouvertes par les difficiles années de plomb, ainsi qu’aux vides laissés par une « historiographie à trous », les films se multiplient aujourd’hui et proposent des images mémorielles et des récits collectifs autour desquels la société italienne peut se réunir. Cette visée pacificatrice témoigne d’un nouvel usage de l’image qui entend forclore et délimiter la violence historique.
Phosorus availability in an acidified watershed‐lake ecosystem
Authors: Kopáček Jiřĺ , Hejzlar Josef , Borovec Jakub , Porcal Petr , Kotorova Ivana 
Published: June 2010

Acid precipitation has been shown to reduce phosphorus (P) outputs from terrestrial sources. We present field evidence that the in‐lake P cycle may also be disrupted in atmospherically acidified watershed‐lake ecosystems. Plešné Lake in the Bohemian Forest is an acidified forest lake with epilimnetic pH of 4.5–4.9, total P concentration of ∼10 μg L−1, and pronounced anoxia above the bottom during winter and summer stratification periods. The water chemistry of the anoxic zone develops in a predictable way: After depletion of dissolved oxygen, concentrations of nitrate and sulfate decrease while concentrations of ammonium, iron, alkalinity, and pH increase; the only exception to the general pattern is a permanently low concentration of dissolved reactive P (<1 μg L−1 ) above the sediment.This in‐lake P inactivation can be explained by the acidification of soils in the watershed and subsequent precip‐itation of Al in the lake. The suggested mechanism is as follows: atmospheric deposition of strong acids has resulted in strong acidification and nitrogen saturation of soils in the Plešné Lake watershed and, consequently, in high terrestrial losses of Al (0.78–1.04 mg L−1 ), SO42− (4.5–7.7 mg L−1 ), and NO3− (0.48 –1.15 mg L−1 NO3 ‐N) to the lake. Biological removal of NO3− and SO42− by both assimilatory and dissimilatory reduction contributes greatly to the total in‐lake alkalinity generation and to the increase in water pH. Under higher pH, ionic Al species hydrolyze and form colloidal Al hydroxides (Alpart), which coagulate dissolved organic carbon and adsorb orthophosphate in the water column. The Al hydroxides settle and increase the P sorption capacity of the sediment. The elevated content of fresh Al oxyhydroxides in the surface sediment reduces P release to the water column after orthophosphate liberation from ferric oxyhydroxides during anoxia, because Alpart complexes are not sensitive to redox changes. The example of Plešné Lake shows that atmospheric acidification of a watershed‐lake ecosystem may provide the natural conditions for in‐lake P inactivation similar to the lake restoration technique based on the artificial addition of Al salt to the water column.
A novel chemical method to quantify fish debris in marine sediments
Authors: Schenau S. J. , De Lange G. J. 
Published: June 2010

Burial of fish bones, which consist primarily of hydroxyapatite, has been recognized as a mechanism to remove reactive phosphorus from the oceans. In this study, a new method is presented, which differentiates P associated with biogenous apatite (Pfish) from other P fractions. The method, consisting of a sequential chemical extraction with 2 M NH4Cl, has been successfully tested on standard materials. It enables us, for the first time, to quantify fish debris in sediment records and to assess their importance for the marine phosphorus cycle.The NH4Cl extraction has been applied to sediment samples from the Arabian Sea. Preservation of fish debris is significantly higher in sediments located above 1,200 m water depth than it is for deeper sediments. The distribution of Pfish contents in surface sediments is predominantly governed by the extent of fish debris regeneration, which is related to differences in water depth and sedimentation rates. In addition, a good correlation between high sedimentary Pfish contents and low oxygen bottom water concentrations suggests that the presence of the intense oxygen minimum zone may account for the enhanced preservation of fish debris in continental slope sediments.