bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Etiology and Treatment of the Softened Phallus after the Radial Forearm Osteocutaneous Free Flap Phalloplasty
Authors: Kim Seok-Kwun , Kim Tae-Heon , Yang Jin-Il , Kim Myung-Hoon , Kim Min-Soo , Lee Keun-Cheol 
Published: July 2012

Background The radial forearm osteocutaneous free flap is considered to be the standard technique for penile construction. One year after their operation, most patients experience a softened phallus, so that they suffer from difficulties in sexual intercourse. In this report, we present our experience with phalloplasty by radial forearm osteocutaneous free flap, as well as an evaluation of the etiology and treatment of the softened phallus.
Methods Between March 2005 and February 2010, 58 patients underwent phalloplasty by radial forearm osteocutaneous free flap. Most of their neophallus had been softened subjectively and among them, 12 patients who wanted correction were investigated. We performed repetitive fat injection, artificial dermis grafting, silicone rod insertion, and rib bone with cartilaginous tip graft. Physical examination, plain radiograph, computed tomography, bone scintigraphy, and satisfaction scores were investigated.
Results Most of the participants' penises have been softened after phalloplasty, and the skin elasticity had been also decreased. On plain radiograph, the distal end of the bone was self-rounded; however, the bone shape of the neophallus had no significant interval changes or resorption. Computed tomography showed equivocal density of cortical bone. On bone scintigraphy, the bone metabolism was active at 3 months postoperatively, and remained active 9 years postoperatively.
Conclusions The use of a rib bone with cartilaginous tip graft could be an option for improvement of the softened phallus. Silicon rod insertion is also worth considering for rigidity of the softened phallus. Decreased rigidity due to soft tissue atrophy could be alleviated with repeated fat injection and artificial dermis grafting.
Diderot et le temps qu’il fait : portrait de l’écrivain en météorologue
Authors: Belleguic Thierry 
Published: July 2012

Dire les histoires de la nature au siècle des Lumières, qui fut l’âge d’or de ces grands récits, c’est nécessairement penser aux temps-vecteurs qui en rendent possibles les divers déploiements. Mais dire ces histoires, ce n’est pas seulement penser le « temps qu’il est » : c’est aussi, en ces temps où émerge une science de la terre qui s’efforce de mesurer les effets des éléments et des climats sur la nature, donner au « temps qu’il fait » la part qui lui échoit. À travers une rapide étude du statut météorologique de la fiction diderotienne, nous proposons de voir dans l’émergence de cette nouvelle science du temps dans la seconde moitié du xviiie siècle le symptôme d’une interrogation nouvelle sur la place du sujet dans le monde ainsi que sur les modalités et les conditions du savoir de ce sujet sur le monde.
Dire les sciences et décrire les sens : Entre vulgarisation et lexicographie, le cas des dictionnaires de sciences
Authors: Gaudin François 
Published: July 2012

Dire les sciences et décrire les sens : Entre vulgarisation et lexicographie, le cas des dictionnaires de sciences – L'étude des stratégies rédactionnelles utilisées dans les dictionnaires spécialisés scientifiques permet de réfléchir aux façons de faciliter l'appropriation des connaissances. Ainsi, pour éviter les pièges tendus par des signifiants connus aux signifiés inédits, les relations lexicales sont précieuses, en particulier l'isonymie. Sur le plan syntagmatique, les relations predicatives sont utiles pour cerner la signification sur laquelle s'appuie la construction notionnelle. Les stratégies sont à contraster dans la mesure où les branches du savoir possèdent des traditions dénominatives diverses, dont une meilleure connaissance serait nécessaire tant pour une bonne description de ces vocabulaires que pour améliorer les propositions en matière d'aménagement terminologique.
Définition d’une méthode de recensement et de codage des verbes en langue technique : applications en traduction
Authors: L’Homme Marie-Claude 
Published: July 2012

Définition d'une méthode de recensement et de codage des verbes en langue technique: applications en traduction – Le présent article aborde le problème de la description terminographique des unités verbales en langue technique. Le problème est traité sous l'angle de la traduction spécialisée. Le traducteur technique doit reproduire un usage spécialisé dans une langue d'arrivée : les renseignements dont il a besoin pour y parvenir sont souvent difficiles à trouver en ce qui concerne les unités verbales. Nous proposons donc un modèle de description des verbes qui rend compte de leurs multiples acceptions en langue technique. Ce modèle est fondé sur les articles du Collins Cobuild et des travaux antérieurs portant sur la définition des verbes qui tient compte de leur contexte d'utilisation.
Stratégie pour la détection semi-automatique des néologismes de presse
Authors: Cabré Maria Teresa , de Yzaguirre Lluís 
Published: July 2012

Stratégie pour la détection semi-automatique des néologismes de presse – Les auteurs présentent l'Observatori de Neologia de Barcelona (OBNEB). L'un des objectifs de l'organisme est la détection de la néologie formelle dans la presse écrite. L'article expose les concepts de base qui sont en rapport avec la néologie. Puis il décrit les méthodes de travail de l'OBNEB. Ensuite, les caractéristiques du corpus sont détaillées. Ce corpus est riche de sept millions d'occurrences provenant du dépouillement de textes journalistiques. Les premiers essais d'extraction semi-automatique des néologismes ont été menés à partir de ces données. Enfin, les auteurs expliquent le fonctionnement du logiciel qui est utilisé pour repérer et pour traiter les néologismes. Ce logiciel a été mis au point à l'Institut universitari de lingüística aplicada de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra. D'autres informations sur les travaux des auteurs peuvent être consultées à l'adresse suivante : « http://www.iula.upf.es ».
D. G. Jones, poète, comparatiste et traducteur
Authors: Godbout Patricia 
Published: July 2012

C’est sur la toile de fond historique de la « crise de la littérature comparée »
qu’est examinée dans cet article de quelle manière Douglas Gordon Jones a conjugué poésie,
comparatisme et traduction au cours des années soixante et au-delà, en réponse à la
situation telle qu’elle se présentait alors à lui. Sa réponse fut la littérature canadienne comparée, dont la traduction littéraire
sera dès le départ un élément constitutif et à laquelle se grefferont bientôt des réflexions
traductologiques.
Hospital-Onset Bacteremia Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Prochaska Erica C. , Xiao Shaoming , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Clark Reese H. , Johnson Julia , Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Zerr Danielle M. , Reich Patrick J. , Roberts Jessica , Flannery Dustin D. , Milstone Aaron M. ,   CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: June 2024

ImportanceThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention plans to introduce hospital-onset bacteremia (HOB) as a health care–associated infection measure. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of HOB among infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate the rate of HOB among infants admitted to the NICU, measure the association of HOB risk with birth weight group and postnatal age, and estimate HOB-attributable mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective multicenter cohort study and emulated trial from 2016 to 2021 included a convenience sample of 322 NICUs in the United States. Participants were infants admitted to participating NICUs for 4 or more days.ExposuresThe primary exposures were birth weight and postnatal age. Additional exposures included small for gestational age and central line presence.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary study outcomes were HOB and HOB-attributable mortality.ResultsOf 451 443 included infants, 250 763 (55.6%) were male, 200 680 (44.4%) were female, and 62 091 (13.8%) were born 1500 g or less. Of 9015 HOB events that occurred among 8356 infants (2%) during 8 163 432 days at risk (unadjusted incidence rate, 1.1 per 1000 patient-days; 95% CI, 1.0-1.2), 4888 HOB events (54.2%) occurred in the absence of a central line. Within the first 2 weeks after birth, the HOB rate was 14.2 per 1000 patient-days (95% CI, 12.6-16.1) among infants born 750 g or less, to 0.4 events per 1000 patient-days among infants born more than 2500 g (95% CI, 0.4-0.5). Among infants born 750 g or less, the relative HOB risk decreased by 90% after day 42 compared with days 4 to 14 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.10; 95% CI, 0.1-0.1). Conversely, among infants born more than 2500 g, the relative HOB risk increased by 50% after day 42 compared with days 4 to 14 (IRR, 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2-1.9). Compared with otherwise similar infants without HOB, infants with HOB had an absolute difference in attributable mortality of 5.5% (95% CI, 4.7-6.3).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that HOB events in the NICU are associated with increased mortality. Birth weight is an important risk factor for HOB; however, the relative rate of HOB decreases over postnatal age among low-birth-weight infants and increases among infants born more than 2500 g. Identifying strategies to prevent HOB and programs to decrease HOB risk are urgently needed to reduce infant mortality.
Advantages of Total Reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis Over Conventional Trace Analytical Techniques in Different Areas of Material Characterization
Authors: Mishra Nand L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry, a variant of energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF), has its detection limits comparable with conventional trace elemental determination techniques, e.g. inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). In addition, it has several advantages over these techniques, e.g. requirement of only a few microliters of sample (or picogram level of analytes), possibility of determination of metal and nonmetals alike, analysis of solids without dissolving (either rubbing on TXRF supports or making slurry), determination of low‐atomic‐number elements, and wide elemental range from C to Pu with modification of instrumental and sample preparation conditions. Due to these advantages, TXRF analysis is preferred over ICP‐MS or ICP‐AES in those areas where sample amount available is in minute quantity, dissolution of sample is difficult or not possible, sample dissolution is not preferred, or sample analysis is to be rechecked on same specimen in case of a doubt. There are several such studies reported on preferential application of TXRF in forensic, environmental, biological, agricultural, nuclear and several other areas. Some of these applications include analysis of gunshot residues (GSR), biological samples, and plutonium analysis for major and trace elements where sample amount available or preferred is very small. Similarly studies on TXRF applications for analysis of sintered (U,Th)O
2
pellets, soil samples, milk samples, tissue cells, etc. are also reported in various publications. Direct elemental analysis of environmental samples, e.g. aerosol particles, is another preferential area of TXRF spectrometry. Some of these studies are described in the present article.
Shoulder Symptom Trajectories Over Four Years: Data From a Longitudinal Study on Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tran Gui , Dube Bright , Kingsbury Sarah R. , Conaghan Philip G. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveLimited data exist on the natural history of shoulder symptoms. We aimed to describe longitudinal patterns of shoulder symptoms and determine risk factors for incidence and persistence.MethodsData from Osteoarthritis Initiative participants observed annually for four years were used to describe shoulder symptom (yes/no, side) incidence and prevalence using descriptive analyses. Regression analyses investigated the association among three shoulder symptoms outcomes (persistent, incident, and intermittent) and clinical factors. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) identified trajectories in those reporting pain at one or more time point.ResultsIn total, 4,796 participants (58% women, mean age 61.2 years) were included. Baseline shoulder symptom prevalence was 22%; 32% of these reported bilateral symptoms. In those reporting right symptoms, 260 of 1,886 (14%) had persistent symptoms. Those with persistent symptoms had worse baseline and four‐year clinical status (poorer function, mental health, and quality of life). In regression analysis, persistent symptoms were associated with sleep disturbance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.97, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.49–2.62), work absenteeism (aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.38–2.62), lower limb weakness (aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.37–2.27), multiple‐site joint symptoms (≥3 joints excluding shoulders) (aOR 4.90, 95% CI 2.79–8.58) and White race (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.88). Lower limb weakness was also associated with incident symptoms; no variables were associated with intermittent symptoms. LCGA identified two trajectories: the trajectory with high probability for symptoms (9% of LCGA analysis cohort) showed similar relationships to clinical variables as in the persistent symptoms group.ConclusionIn this large, four‐year study, persistent shoulder symptoms were common and associated with worse clinical outcomes. At least one risk factor for incident symptoms is modifiable.
Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid‐Based Delivery of Astaxanthin Suppresses Chondrocyte Pyroptosis and Modulates Oxidative Stress for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Yifan , Li Jiafeng , Xu Sheng , Li Dongdong , Zhang Zhen , Huang Qianshuo , Wang Xuanwei , Shen Miaoda , Xu Sanzhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWorldwide, osteoarthritis (OA) is regarded as the most widespread, distressing, and limiting chronic disease that affects degenerative joints. Currently, there is no treatment available to modify the progression of OA. The pathogenesis of OA is significantly linked with oxidative stress and pyroptosis. Astaxanthin (Ast) is a natural ketocarotenoid pigment with potent antioxidant activity and is shown to effectively alleviate cartilage damage in OA. However, its bioavailability is greatly limited due to poor water solubility, high sensitivity to light, temperature, and pH. In this study, Ast‐loaded tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) or tFNA/Ast complexes (TAC) for Ast delivery are developed. Compared with free Ast and tFNA alone, TAC exhibits improved drug stability and cellular uptake. Most importantly, TAC effectively protects chondrocytes against oxidative stress‐induced pyroptosis while promoting extracellular matrix anabolism by chondrocytes, and ultimately alleviates cartilage damage in a mouse destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model. Thus, TAC holds great promise for the treatment of OA patients.
Injectable Therapeutic Hydrogel with H2O2 Self‐Supplying and GSH Consumption for Synergistic Chemodynamic/Low‐Temperature Photothermal Inhibition of Postoperative Tumor Recurrence and Wound Infection
Authors: Hu Peng , Jia Zhili , Zhao Shuang , Lin Kunpeng , Yang Guoye , Guo Wujie , Yu Shuling , Cheng Jianjun , Du Guanhua , Shi Jiahua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPostoperative tumor recurrence and wound infection remain significant clinical challenges in surgery, often requiring adjuvant therapies. The combination treatment of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has proven to be effective in cancer treatment and wound infection. However, the hyperthermia during PTT increases the risk of normal tissue damage, severely impeding its application. Moreover, the efficacy of CDT is limited by insufficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and excessive glutathione (GSH) levels at tumor or infection sites. Herein, an injectable and multifunctional CuO2@Au hydrogel system (CuO2@Au Gel) is developed for synergistic CDT and low‐temperature PTT (LTPTT) to prevent tumor recurrence and bacterial wound infections. CuO2@Au Gel is constructed by embedding therapeutic CuO2@Au into low‐melting point agarose hydrogel. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that the CuO2@Au in CuO2@Au Gel is capable of self‐supplying H2O2 and depleting GSH, exhibiting effective CDT effect in acidic tumor or bacterial infected microenvironment. Additionally, it exhibits favorable photothermal conversion ability, inducing localized temperature elevation and synergistically enhancing CDT efficiency. The prepared CuO2@Au Gel demonstrates efficient tumor ablation capability in post‐surgery recurrence mouse models and exhibits promising anti‐infective efficiency in bacterial infection wound models, indicating significant potential in adjuvant therapy for post‐surgical treatment and recovery.
Chirality‐Induced Memristor of Chiral Nanostructured Half‐Metallic Fe3O4 Films
Authors: Zhang Baiwen , Bai Te , Han Lu , Che Shunai , Duan Yingying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpintronic memristors, which combine the nonvolatile characteristics of memristors with the scalability of a spin‐transfer torque device, are expected to play a crucial role in advancing quantitative information processing. This field commonly relies on magnetic tunnel junctions, domain wall motion, and spin waves. Here, the discovery of chirality‐induced memristor behavior in chiral nanostructured Fe3O4 films (CNFFs) is reported. These CNFFs are grown on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrates using enantiomeric glutamic acid (Glu) as symmetry‐breaking agents and consist of arrays of oriented twisted nanofibers. At 100 K, the L‐CNFF exhibits memristor behavior as a pinched hysteresis loop in the I‐V curve, while the D‐CNFF exhibits semiconductor behavior with constant electrical resistance. The intrinsic spin polarization of half‐metallic Fe3O4 and the chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) are speculated to contribute to the memristor in one handedness of the chiral structure. These findings present a novel spinristor that combines the functions of a memristor and a spin‐filter based on chiral structures, which may promote the development of spintronic devices.
Biphasic Interfacial Swimming Top‐Down Growth of Ruddlesden‒Popper Halide Perovskite Single‐Crystal Sheets with Few Defects
Authors: Zhang Dongning , Wei Xiangfeng , Wang Fei , Tang Hangyu , Deng Weiqiao , Liu Jiehua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRuddlesden‐Popper (RP) hybrid perovskites have the characteristics of controllable quantum well thickness, excellent stability, and good photoelectric performance. However, traditional space‐limited methods easily induce additional defects at the crystal interface. Herein, a novel swimming top‐down method is proposed for growing high‐quality perovskite single‐crystal sheets in a biphasic liquid–liquid n‐dodecane/γ‐butyrolactone (GBL) system. The (BA)2MAPb2I7 single‐crystal sheet exhibited the lowest defect density on the top surface because of interfacial features, including a flat biphasic confined interface, a large area for GBL molecule diffusion, and sufficient traction for swimming growth. As a typical result, (BA)2MAPb2I7 single‐crystal‐based photodetectors exhibit outstanding weak‐light photoelectric performance with a responsivity of 1.02 A W−1, an external quantum efficiency of 226.9%, and a detectivity of 8.7 × 1012 Jones; these values are 310%, 310%, and 700%, respectively, as high as those of photodetectors obtained by the antisolvent vapor‐assisted crystallization method.
Highly Efficient Blue‐Emission by Regulating the Hydrogen Bond Structure in Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Xiong Hui , Wu Min , Zheng Huiqun , Zhuang Bihao , Tan Ziyu , Yang Wenjian , Fan Jiandong , Li Wenzhe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLow‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have attracted extensive attention due to their outstanding photoluminescence properties. However, the charge transfer between the organic A‐site and the inorganic framework is impeded, resulting in lower photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, m‐xylylenediamine (MXD) is incorporated into the perovskite, realizing the synthesis of a series of 0D perovskite‐like single crystals, i.e., (MXD)2PbX6 (X = Cl, Br, I). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the presence of effective hydrogen bonding between MXD and [PbX6]4−, which is enhanced through the controlled modification of halogen sites, enables the establishment of efficient charge transfer channels, and facilitates charge migration. Accordingly, (MXD)2PbCl6 achieves a PLQY as high as 55.9% at 460 nm, characterized by blue light emission and remarkable air stability.
Platinum Decorated Palladium Nanowires for Room‐Temperature Hydrogen Detection
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Zhao Yaoli , Mohsenifard Sadaf , Maheshkar Vaishali , Thundat Thomas , Swihart Mark T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe use of hydrogen as an energy carrier will require low‐cost, low‐power hydrogen sensors. Toward this goal, penta‐twinned palladium nanowires (Pd NWs) are synthesized and fabricated sensors from them by drop‐casting. Pd NWs drop‐cast onto an interdigitated electrode (IDE) gave a response of 0.3% to 1 vol.% H2, with response and recovery times of 12 and 20 s, respectively. However, they exhibited a negative response (decreased resistance) at low H2 concentrations. Pd NWs on a paper substrate provided a tenfold higher response to 1 vol.% H2, with response and recovery times of 10 s each, but still exhibited negative response at low H2 concentration. Exposing the Pd NW‐on‐paper sensor to ozone‐generating UV light degraded the PVP used in Pd NW synthesis, eliminating the reverse sensing response, and providing a response of 5% to 1 vol.% H2, with response and recovery times of 15 s. This allowed reliable H2 detection down to 100 ppm H2. Finally, coating the Pd NWs with a small amount of Pt (<5%) reduced the response and recovery times to 5 s by catalyzing H2 dissociation. This work provides a path to low‐cost sensors to enable the safe use of H2 as an energy carrier.
Stepwise Stiffening Chromophore Strategy Realizes a Series of Ultralong Blue Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Guan Zhihao , Tang Zhaorun , Zeng Jianwen , Zheng Yuewei , Ding Lin , Chen Dongzhi , Li Houbin , Liu Xinghai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUltralong room‐temperature phosphorescent (URTP) materials have attracted wide attention in anti‐counterfeiting, optoelectronic display, and bio‐imaging due to their special optical properties. However, room‐temperature blue phosphorescent materials are very scarce during applications because of the need to simultaneously populate and stabilize high‐energy excited states. In this work, a stepwise stiffening chromophore strategy is proposed to suppress non‐radiative jump by continuously reducing the internal spin of the chromophore, and successfully developing a series of blue phosphorescent materials. Phosphorescence lifetimes of more than 3 s are achieved, with the longest lifetime reaching 5.44 s and lasting more than 70 s in the naked eye. As far as is know, this is the best result that has been reported. By adjusting the chromophore conjugation, multicolor phosphorescences from cyan to green have been realized. In addition, these chromophores exhibit the same excellent optical properties in urea and polyvinyl alcohmance (PVA). Finally, these materials are successfully applied to luminescent displays.