bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 350 MHz Green Bank Telescope Survey of Unassociated Fermi LAT Sources: Discovery and Timing of 10 Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Bangale P. , Bhattacharyya B. , Camilo F. , Clark C. J. , Cognard I. , DeCesar M. E. , Ferrara E. C. , Gentile P. , Guillemot L. , Hessels J. W. T. , Johnson T. J. , Kerr M. , McLaughlin M. A. , Nieder L. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. S. , Roberts M. S. E. , Roy J. , Sanpa-arsa S. , Theureau G. , Wolff M. T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have searched for radio pulsations toward 49 Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) 1FGL Catalog γ-ray sources using the Green Bank Telescope at 350 MHz. We detected 18 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in blind searches of the data; 10 of these were discoveries unique to our survey. 16 are binaries, with eight having short orbital periods P

B
< 1 day. No radio pulsations from young pulsars were detected, although three targets are coincident with apparently radio-quiet γ-ray pulsars discovered in LAT data. Here, we give an overview of the survey and present radio and γ-ray timing results for the 10 MSPs discovered. These include the only isolated MSP discovered in our survey and six short-P

B
binary MSPs. Of these, three have very-low-mass companions (M

c
≪ 0.1 M
⊙) and hence belong to the class of black widow pulsars. Two have more massive, nondegenerate companions with extensive radio eclipses and orbitally modulated X-ray emission consistent with the redback class. Significant γ-ray pulsations have been detected from nine of the discoveries. This survey and similar efforts suggest that the majority of Galactic γ-ray sources at high Galactic latitudes are either MSPs or relatively nearby nonrecycled pulsars, with the latter having on average a much smaller radio/γ-ray beaming ratio as compared to MSPs. It also confirms that past surveys suffered from an observational bias against finding short-P

B
MSP systems.
Investigating the Drivers of Electron Temperature Variations in H ii Regions with Keck-KCWI and VLT-MUSE
Authors: Rickards Vaught Ryan J. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Belfiore Francesco , Kreckel Kathryn , Méndez-Delgado J. Eduardo , Emsellem Eric , Groves Brent , Blanc Guillermo A. , Dale Daniel A. , Egorov Oleg V. , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Klessen Ralf S. , Neumann Justus , Williams Thomas G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
H ii region electron temperatures are a critical ingredient in metallicity determinations, and recent observations have revealed systematic variations in the temperatures measured using different ions. We present electron temperatures (T

e
) measured using the optical auroral lines ([N ii]λ5756, [O ii]λ
λ7320, 7330, [S ii]λ
λ4069, 4076, [O iii]λ4363, and [S iii]λ6312) for a sample of H ii regions in seven nearby galaxies. We use observations from the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby Galaxies survey (PHANGS) obtained with integral field spectrographs on Keck (Keck Cosmic Web Imager) and the Very Large Telescope (Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer). We compare the different T

e
measurements with H ii region and ISM environmental properties such as electron density, ionization parameter, molecular gas velocity dispersion, and stellar association/cluster mass and age obtained from PHANGS. We find that the temperatures from [O ii] and [S ii] are likely overestimated due to the presence of electron density inhomogeneities in H ii regions. We measure high [O iii] temperatures in a subset of regions with high molecular gas velocity dispersion and low ionization parameter, which may be explained by the presence of low-velocity shocks. In agreement with previous studies, the T
e–T
e between [N ii] and [S iii] temperatures have the lowest observed scatter and follow predictions from photoionization modeling, which suggests that these tracers reflect H ii region temperatures across the various ionization zones better than [O ii], [S ii], and [O iii].
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cosmology from Cross-correlations of unWISE Galaxies and ACT DR6 CMB Lensing
Authors: Farren Gerrit S. , Krolewski Alex , MacCrann Niall , Ferraro Simone , Abril-Cabezas Irene , An Rui , Atkins Zachary , Battaglia Nicholas , Bond J. Richard , Calabrese Erminia , Choi Steve K. , Darwish Omar , Devlin Mark J. , Duivenvoorden Adriaan J. , Dunkley Jo , Hill J. Colin , Hilton Matt , Huffenberger Kevin M. , Kim Joshua , Louis Thibaut , Madhavacheril Mathew S. , A. Marques Gabriela , McMahon Jeff , Moodley Kavilan , Page Lyman A. , Partridge Bruce , Qu Frank J. , Schaan Emmanuel , Sehgal Neelima , Sherwin Blake D. , Sifón Cristóbal , Staggs Suzanne T. , Van Engelen Alexander , Vargas Cristian , Wenzl Lukas , White Martin , Wollack Edward J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present tomographic measurements of structure growth using cross-correlations of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR6 and Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing maps with the unWISE Blue and Green galaxy samples, which span the redshift ranges 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 1.1 and 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 1.8, respectively. We improve on prior unWISE cross-correlations not just by making use of the new, high-precision ACT DR6 lensing maps, but also by including additional spectroscopic data for redshift calibration and by analyzing our measurements with a more flexible theoretical model. We determine the amplitude of matter fluctuations at low redshifts (z ≃ 0.2–1.6), finding

S

8

≡

σ

8

(

Ω

m

/

0.3
)

0.5

=
0.813
±
0.021

using the ACT cross-correlation alone and S
8 = 0.810 ± 0.015 with a combination of Planck and ACT cross-correlations; these measurements are fully consistent with the predictions from primary CMB measurements assuming standard structure growth. The addition of baryon acoustic oscillation data breaks the degeneracy between σ
8 and Ω
m
, allowing us to measure σ
8 = 0.813 ± 0.020 from the cross-correlation of unWISE with ACT and σ
8 = 0.813 ± 0.015 from the combination of cross-correlations with ACT and Planck. These results also agree with the expectations from primary CMB extrapolations in ΛCDM cosmology; the consistency of σ
8 derived from our two redshift samples at z ∼ 0.6 and 1.1 provides a further check of our cosmological model. Our results suggest that structure formation on linear scales is well described by ΛCDM even down to low redshifts z ≲ 1.
Sensitivity of Simulations of Double-detonation Type Ia Supernovae to Integration Methodology
Authors: Zingale Michael , Chen Zhi , Rasmussen Melissa , Polin Abigail , Katz Max , Smith Clark Alexander , Johnson Eric T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the coupling of hydrodynamics and reactions in simulations of the double-detonation model for Type Ia supernovae. When assessing the convergence of simulations, the focus is usually on spatial resolution; however, the method of coupling the physics together as well as the tolerances used in integrating a reaction network also play an important role. In this paper, we explore how the choices made in both coupling and integrating the reaction portion of a simulation (operator/Strang splitting versus the simplified spectral deferred corrections method we introduced previously) influences the accuracy, efficiency, and nucleosynthesis of simulations of double detonations. We find no need to limit reaction rates or reduce the simulation time step to the reaction timescale. The entire simulation methodology used here is GPU-accelerated and made freely available as part of the Castro simulation code.
Methods for Incorporating Model Uncertainty into Exoplanet Atmospheric Analysis
Authors: Nixon Matthew C. , Welbanks Luis , McGill Peter , Kempton Eliza M.-R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A key goal of exoplanet spectroscopy is to measure atmospheric properties, such as abundances of chemical species, in order to connect them to our understanding of atmospheric physics and planet formation. In this new era of high-quality JWST data, it is paramount that these measurement methods are robust. When comparing atmospheric models to observations, multiple candidate models may produce reasonable fits to the data. Typically, conclusions are reached by selecting the best-performing model according to some metric. This ignores model uncertainty in favor of specific model assumptions, potentially leading to measured atmospheric properties that are overconfident and/or incorrect. In this paper, we compare three ensemble methods for addressing model uncertainty by combining posterior distributions from multiple analyses: Bayesian model averaging, a variant of Bayesian model averaging using leave-one-out predictive densities, and stacking of predictive distributions. We demonstrate these methods by fitting the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) + Spitzer transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b using models with different cloud and haze prescriptions. All of our ensemble methods lead to uncertainties on retrieved parameters that are larger but more realistic and consistent with physical and chemical expectations. Since they have not typically accounted for model uncertainty, uncertainties of retrieved parameters from HST spectra have likely been underreported. We recommend stacking as the most robust model combination method. Our methods can be used to combine results from independent retrieval codes and from different models within one code. They are also widely applicable to other exoplanet analysis processes, such as combining results from different data reductions.
Evidence for an Outer Component in the Continuum Reverberation Mapping of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Jiang Yuanzhe , Wu Xue-Bing , Ma Qinchun , Gu Huapeng , Wen Yuhan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Continuum reverberation mapping is widely used in studying the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Some indirect evidence and simulations have indicated that the diffuse continuum, especially the strong Balmer continuum from the broad-line region, may contribute to the continuum in the u/U band. Here, we present direct evidence for this contribution. In this work, we apply the ICCF-Cut method to continuum reverberation mapping to extract the possible diffuse continuum light curves of six AGNs, using high-cadence, high-quality, and multiband observations. We find the existence of an outer component out of the accretion disk for each of the six AGNs in the Swift U band. Meanwhile, similar results can be derived with the JAVELIN Photometric Reverberation Mapping Model for four of them. The lags of the outer components are consistent with the predicted Balmer continuum lags, which are about half of the Hβ lag values. Our result directly reinforces the understanding that an outer component, especially the Balmer continuum in the rest-frame u/U band, can contribute significantly to the continuum reverberation lags of AGNs.
Observations of the 2022 September 5 Solar Energetic Particle Event at 15 Solar Radii
Authors: Cohen C. M. S. , Leske R. A. , Christian E. R. , Cummings A. C. , de Nolfo G. A. , Desai M. I. , Giacalone J. , Hill M. E. , Labrador A. W. , McComas D. J. , McNutt R. L. , Mewaldt R. A. , Mitchell D. G. , Mitchell J. G. , Muro G. D. , Rankin J. S. , Schwadron N. A. , Sharma T. , Shen M. M. , Szalay J. R. , Wiedenbeck M. E. , Xu Z. G. , Romeo O. , Vourlidas A. , Bale S. D. , Pulupa M. , Kasper J. C. , Larson D. E. , Livi R. , Whittlesey P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
On 2022 September 5, Parker Solar Probe (Parker) observed a large solar energetic particle (SEP) event at the unprecedented distance of only 15 R
S from the Sun. The observations from the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) obtained over the course of this event are remarkably rich, and an overview is presented here. IS⊙IS is capable of measuring ions from 20 keV to over 100 MeV nuc−1 and electrons from 30 keV to 6 MeV; here, we primarily focus on the proton and helium measurements above 80 keV. Among the surprising results are evidence of inverse velocity dispersion at energies above 1 MeV during the onset of the event, a sharp decrease in the energetic particle intensities at all energies at the interplanetary shock crossing, and repeated short durations of highly anisotropic sunward flow. Many changes in the SEP intensities, anisotropy, and spectral steepness are coincident with solar wind structure boundaries identified using the Parker solar wind magnetic field and plasma data. However, there are significant changes that are not correlated with any clearly visible solar wind variation. The observations presented here serve as an introduction to a complex event with numerous opportunities for future, more in-depth studies.
Modeling of the Polytropic Index and Temperature Anisotropy in the Solar Wind
Authors: Desta Ephrem Tesfaye , Strauss R. D. , Engelbrecht N. E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The polytropic index is a fundamental physical parameter related to the thermodynamic processes present in space and astrophysical plasmas. This paper investigates the theoretical relationship between the polytropic index and the temperature anisotropy for flow parameters relevant to space plasmas. The derivation is based on the Chew–Goldberger–Low double-adiabatic equations of state and the finite Larmor radius correction. On the basis of this, we present the polytropic index relation, taking into account the temperature anisotropy, flow speed, and magnetic field of the plasma. This relation was further analyzed for the limit of the quasi-parallel and quasi-transversal cases. The quasi-transversal limit gives a polytropic index as a function of the anisotropic temperature γ = 1 + 2[2T
⊥ − T
∥]/[2T
⊥ + T
∥]. Using this result, we analyze the polytropic index for the bulk proton parameters derived from Ulysses spacecraft data spanning the interval from 1992 January 1 to 2009 June 30, and we find an average polytropic index of γ ∼ 1.43. This value is close to that of recently published results. However, unlike previous statistical studies, this research computes the polytropic index without relying on power-law fitting, and its variation is now associated with the anisotropic temperature.
Cascade Radiations of e
± from γγ-annihilation Process as an Extra Component of the Early Optical/X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Xiong Ren-Jie , Huang Xiao-Li , Wang Ze-Rui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chromatic break and/or plateau observed in the early optical and X-ray afterglow lightcurves challenge the conventional external shock models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Detection of TeV gamma-ray afterglows indicates strong gamma-ray production within the afterglow jets. We investigate the cascade radiations of the e
± production via the γ
γ interaction in the jets. Our numerical calculations show that the cascade synchrotron emission can make a significant contribution to the early optical/X-ray afterglows. The combination of the primary and cascade emission fluxes can shape a chromatic break and/or plateau in the early optical/X-ray lightcurves, depending on the jet properties. Applying our model to GRBs 050801 and 080310, we found that their optical plateaus and the late X-ray/optical lightcurves can be explained with our model in reasonable parameter values. We suggest that such a chromatic optical plateau could be a signature of strong e
± production in GRB afterglow jets. The TeV gamma-ray flux of such GRBs should be significantly reduced and hence tends to be detectable for those GRBs that have a single power-law decaying optical afterglow lightcurve.
Orientation of New Graduate Registered Nurses Postpandemic: A Follow-up Study
Authors: Gierach Michelle , White Lynn L. , Miller Tara , Aukerman Ranae , Wolles Brenda 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the rate of nurses leaving practice, which has highlighted the importance of new graduate nurse orientation. The literature has limited recommendations for orientation strategies.

Method:
The goal of this study was to determine what changes have occurred in orientation processes for new graduate nurses since the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of nurse leaders was used to examine changes and opportunities.

Results:
Leaders are more intentional with orientation processes, including frequent check-ins and increased discussion of time management, difficult conversations, and workplace violence. Individualized orientation plans are used, along with a stronger focus on nurse wellness.

Conclusion:

Recommendations include continuing support after orientation is completed and partnering with academia to provide content on stress management and wellness. Innovative and cost-effective transition to practice programs are needed to meet the needs of new nurses.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(7):345–350.]
Mantid expansion into North American salt marshes
Authors: Gaskins Leo C. , Pétillon Julien 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mantids are influential generalist predators in terrestrial systems. Therefore, large mantid species like the European mantid, Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758), are often used by humans and purposefully introduced as a form of biocontrol, greatly expanding their geographic ranges. However, mantids are rarely recorded in marine systems. In this study, we present an observation of European mantids living in a salt marsh and actively moulting in the vegetation in Elkhorn Slough, in Monterey Bay, California, United States of America. Not only are these European mantids a nonnative species, but every observed individual was a flightless juvenile, meaning they hatched nearby. Although mantids are not usually associated with intertidal ecosystems, there are multiple potential reasons that mantids would be drawn to salt marshes, including food, potential for camouflage, and lower predation pressure. The addition of a generalist predator could produce a complex mix of positive and negative impacts on the marsh itself and, given the importance of marsh systems, these possible effects warrant further study.
The Transmission of Animal African Trypanosomiasis in Two Districts in the Forest Zone of Ghana
Authors: Tweneboah Austine , Rosenau Jana , Addo Kofi Agyapong , Addison Thomas Kwame , Ibrahim Mahamat Alhadj Moussa , Weber Judith Sophie , Kelm Soerge , Badu Kingsley 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT.
Animal African trypanosomiasis, also known as nagana, is caused by Trypanosoma species, which cause significant clinical diseases and lead to losses in animal production. We carried out a cross-sectional survey to investigate the composition of vectors and parasite diversity in two districts in the eastern region of Ghana where pigs and cattle were exposed to tsetse bites. We performed cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify tsetse species and internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR to identify Trypanosoma species. Also, we investigated the source of tsetse blood meal based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. A total of 229 tsetse, 65 pigs, and 20 cattle were investigated for trypanosomes. An overall vector density of 4.3 tsetse/trap/day was observed. A trypanosome prevalence of 58.9% (95% CI = 52.5–65.1%), 46.2% (95% CI = 34.6–58.1%), and 0.0% (95% CI = 0.0–16.1%) in tsetse, pigs, and cattle, respectively, was detected. Trypanosoma congolense was predominant, with a prevalence of 33.3% (95% CI = 73.3–86.5%) in tsetse. There was evidence of multiple infections in tsetse and pigs. Approximately 39% of the tsetse were positive for multiple infections of T. congolense and Trypanosoma simiae. Parasite prevalence in pigs across the communities was high, with significant differences associated between locations (χ2 = 28.06, 95% CI = 0.05–0.81, P = 0.0009). Tsetse blood meal analysis revealed feeding on domestic Sus scrofa domesticus (pigs) and Phacochoerus africanus (warthogs). Infective tsetse may transmit trypanosomes to livestock and humans in the communities studied.
Causes of Vision Loss Associated with Dengue Fever in Bihar, India – A Case Series
Authors: Ambasta Anita , Kusumesh Rakhi , Ali Mobashir , Bhaskar Gyan , Akanksha Sinha , Pragya Varuni 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT.
The incidence and geographic distribution of dengue has increased dramatically in recent years across various parts of the world. Previously, ocular findings in dengue fever were considered rare. We report a spectrum of ocular manifestations presenting with vision loss in the last dengue epidemic in an eastern state of India. This is a retrospective interventional case series of patients with vision loss who were diagnosed with dengue eye disease in the 2022 epidemic. Systemic and ophthalmic examinations were completed on all patients and were analyzed. Fifteen patients had presented with vision loss. The mean age was 41.7 ± 10.8 years, and patients were mostly males. Three patients presented with panophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis. Eight patients were diagnosed with optic neuropathy. Four patients had macular involvement: macular chorioretinitis, macular subhyaloid hemorrhage, and macular hemorrhages in two patients. All patients with optic neuropathy gave a history of mild fever and had remained undiagnosed. The rest had been diagnosed with the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever. Vision recovered partially or fully in patients with optic neuropathy and macular disease. No eye could be salvaged in any panophthalmitis patients. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109 per liter of blood) was significantly associated with ocular hemorrhage and panophthalmitis, but thrombocytopenia was not significantly seen in optic neuropathy. We conclude that optic neuropathy may be an underreported cause of vision loss in dengue fever. An eye examination is advocated in all patients with dengue eye disease.
Phytochemical profiling, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and antibacterial activities of Cometes abyssinica
Authors: A.M. Abdelgawad Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to complete my chemical and biological studies on Cometes abyssinica (CA). The chemical profile was reported by LC-ESI-TOF-MS and GC-MS analyses. Antidiabetic (α-Glucosidase and a-amylase inhibitory activity assay), antiobesity (Lipase inhibitory activity assay), and antibacterial activity (agar well diffusion assay) were determined. The GC-MS analysis led to the identification of 27 hydrocarbons representing 93.4% of the total hydrocarbon content in hexane extract. 11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (28.07%), citronellol (9.31%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (7.64%), phytol (5.93%), and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (4.91%) were the major components. The LC-ESI-TOF-MS analyses of aqueous-methanolic extract led to the identification of 99 secondary metabolites including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and vitamins. The percentages of inhibition of the n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of CA were evaluated against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase enzymes at different concentrations. Hexane extract showed the most powerful α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.22 and 0.27 mg/ml comparing with acarbose (IC50 0.43 and 0.38), respectively. Among all CA extracts, only ethyl acetate extract revealed potent antiobesity as a lipase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.079 mg/ml comparing with orlistat (IC50 0.11 mg/ml). CA extracts showed mild-weak antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus.
KEY WORDS: Cometes abyssinica, Chemical constituents, α-Amylase inhibitors, α-Glucosidase inhibitors, Lipase inhibitors
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1051-1067.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.19