bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preclinical study on camellia sinensis extract-loaded nanophytosomes for enhancement of memory-boosting activity: optimization by central composite design
Authors: Mane Varsha , Killedar Suresh , More Harinath , Tare Harshal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of the present study was to enhance the memory-boosting activity of the standardized hydroalcoholic Camellia sinensis extract (CSE) by the formation of nanophytosomes with Leciva S70 phospholipid. The central composite design was used to optimize the solvent evaporation method for the formulation of C. sinesis phytosomes (CSP).

Results
The optimized formulation had a mean particle size of 212.3 nm ± 0.39, PDI of 0.238 ± 0.0197, and zeta potential of −42.02 ± 0.995 mV. C. sinensis phytosome formation was confirmed by analytical techniques. The aqueous solubility of the developed CSP was 95.92 ± 0.31, which is 7.34 times greater than that of pure CSE (13.07 ± 0.19). CSP was found more effective than either pure CSE (26.42 ± 0.4654%) or the physical mixture (32.15 ± 0.4596%) in releasing the CSE from the formulation (72.16 ± 0.5248%). Acute toxicity study corroborated the safety of CSP in rats. CSP demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in escape and transferred latency on both days (15th and 16th) as compared to CSE, indicating the improvement of the memory-boosting activity. Furthermore, CSP-treated rats significantly improved acetylcholine (Ach) levels and brain tissue concentration compared with CSE. Moreover, the phytosomal formulation of CSP exhibited its rationality with an improvement of bioavailability by 3.21 folds compared with pure CSE.

Conclusion
The presence of phospholipids in the CSP formulation and the formation of smaller particles may aid in crossing the blood–brain barrier, increasing brain tissue concentration and bioavailability. This, in turn, leads to an increase in memory-boosting activity.

Graphical abstract
Development and Standardization of an Osteoradionecrosis Classification System in Head and Neck Cancer: Implementation of a Risk-Based Model
Authors: Watson Erin E. , Hueniken Katrina , Lee Junhyung , Huang Shao Hui , El Maghrabi Amr , Xu Wei , Moreno Amy C. , Tsai C. Jillian , Hahn Ezra , McPartlin Andrew J. , Yao Christopher M.K.L. , Goldstein David P. , De Almeida John R. , Waldon John N. , Fuller Clifton D. , Hope Andrew J. , Ruggiero Salvatore L. , Glogauer Michael , Hosni Ali A. 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORN) can manifest in varying severity. The aim of this study is to identify ORN risk factors and develop a novel classification to depict the severity of ORN. METHODS Consecutive patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with curative-intent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) (≥45 Gy) from 2011 to 2017 were included. Occurrence of ORN was identified from in-house prospective dental and clinical databases and charts. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors and stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. A novel ORN classification system was developed to depict ORN severity by modifying existing systems and incorporating expert opinion. The performance of the novel system was compared with 15 existing systems for their ability to identify and predict serious ORN event (jaw fracture or requiring jaw resection). RESULTS ORN was identified in 219 of 2,732 (8%) consecutive patients with HNC. Factors associated with high risk of ORN were oral cavity or oropharyngeal primaries, received IMRT dose ≥60 Gy, current/ex-smokers, and/or stage III to IV periodontal condition. The ORN rate for high-risk versus low-risk patients was 12.7% versus 3.1% ( P < .001) with an AUC of 0.71. Existing ORN systems overclassified serious ORN events and failed to recognize maxillary ORN. A novel ORN classification system, ClinRad, was proposed on the basis of vertical extent of bone necrosis and presence/absence of exposed bone/fistula. This system detected serious ORN events in 5.7% of patients and statistically outperformed existing systems. CONCLUSION We identified risk factors for ORN and proposed a novel ORN classification system on the basis of vertical extent of bone necrosis and presence/absence of exposed bone/fistula. It outperformed existing systems in depicting the seriousness of ORN and may facilitate clinical care and clinical trials.
Branching topology of the human embryo transcriptome revealed by Entropy Sort Feature Weighting
Authors: Radley Arthur , Boeing Stefan , Smith Austin 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Analysis of single cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) data is typically performed after subsetting to highly variable genes (HVGs). Here, we show that Entropy Sorting provides an alternative mathematical framework for feature selection. On synthetic datasets, continuous Entropy Sort Feature Weighting (cESFW) outperforms HVG selection in distinguishing cell-state-specific genes. We apply cESFW to six merged scRNA-seq datasets spanning human early embryo development. Without smoothing or augmenting the raw counts matrices, cESFW generates a high-resolution embedding displaying coherent developmental progression from eight-cell to post-implantation stages and delineating 15 distinct cell states. The embedding highlights sequential lineage decisions during blastocyst development, while unsupervised clustering identifies branch point populations obscured in previous analyses. The first branching region, where morula cells become specified for inner cell mass or trophectoderm, includes cells previously asserted to lack a developmental trajectory. We quantify the relatedness of different pluripotent stem cell cultures to distinct embryo cell types and identify marker genes of naïve and primed pluripotency. Finally, by revealing genes with dynamic lineage-specific expression, we provide markers for staging progression from morula to blastocyst.
c-fos induction in the choroid plexus, tanycytes and pars tuberalis is an early indicator of spontaneous arousal from torpor in a deep hibernator
Authors: Markussen Fredrik A. F. , Cázarez-Márquez Fernando , Melum Vebjørn J. , Hazlerigg David G. , Wood Shona H. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Hibernation is an extreme state of seasonal energy conservation, reducing metabolic rate to as little as 1% of the active state. During the hibernation season, many species of hibernating mammals cycle repeatedly between the active (aroused) and hibernating (torpid) states (T–A cycling), using brown adipose tissue (BAT) to drive cyclical rewarming. The regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain undefined but are presumed to involve thermoregulatory centres in the hypothalamus. Here, we used the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), and high-resolution monitoring of BAT, core body temperature and ventilation rate, to sample at precisely defined phases of the T–A cycle. Using c-fos as a marker of cellular activity, we show that although the dorsomedial hypothalamus is active during torpor entry, neither it nor the pre-optic area shows any significant changes during the earliest stages of spontaneous arousal. Contrastingly, in three non-neuronal sites previously linked to control of metabolic physiology over seasonal and daily time scales – the choroid plexus, pars tuberalis and third ventricle tanycytes – peak c-fos expression is seen at arousal initiation. We suggest that through their sensitivity to factors in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, these sites may mediate metabolic feedback-based initiation of the spontaneous arousal process.
Sport impact on patients with psoriasis and psychiatric problems
Authors: Sambura Maria , Rosołowska-Żak Sara , Sas Wiktoria , Podyma Katarzyna , Ryznar Gracja , Rejdych Julia , Pierzchała Piotr , Minkowska Michalina , Chimiak Krystyna , Bylica Gabriela 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease with an immunological basis. The estimated number of people suffering from psoriasis is 60 million. Despite the large number of patients with this diagnosis, the question of which mechanisms are mainly responsible for its development has not yet been answered. One theory is that a change in the patient's psychological state acts as a trigger for the manifestation and worsening of the disease. Another unresolved issue is the relationship between sports and psoriasis. While some studies suggest exercise might worsen symptoms, others highlight potential benefits like improved quality of life.
Aim of the study : The aim of our study is to present connection between mental state of patients and occurance of psoriasis. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the potential benefits of integrating psychological interventions and physical activity into psoriasis management strategies, with the goal of improving patient outcomes and enhancing overall quality of life.
Material and methods : We searched electronic databases, using keywords such as „Psoriasis”, „Depression” and „Psoriasis and sport ”.
Conclusions : Psoriasis stands as a profound example of the intricate interplay between physical health and mental well-being. The findings presented in this paper underscore the importance of a holistic approach to psoriasis management, integrating dermatological, psychological, and physical interventions.
Influence of acetabular and femoral morphology on pelvic tilt
Authors: Heimann Alexander F. , Murmann Valérie , Schwab Joseph M. , Tannast Moritz 
Published: May 2024

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate whether anterior pelvic plane-pelvic tilt (APP-PT) is associated with distinct hip pathomorphologies. We asked: is there a difference in APP-PT between young symptomatic patients being evaluated for joint preservation surgery and an asymptomatic control group? Does APP-PT vary among distinct acetabular and femoral pathomorphologies? And does APP-PT differ in symptomatic hips based on demographic factors?MethodsThis was an institutional review board-approved, single-centre, retrospective, case-control, comparative study, which included 388 symptomatic hips in 357 patients who presented to our tertiary centre for joint preservation between January 2011 and December 2015. Their mean age was 26 years (SD 2; 23 to 29) and 50% were female. They were allocated to 12 different morphological subgroups. The study group was compared with a control group of 20 asymptomatic hips in 20 patients. APP-PT was assessed in all patients based on supine anteroposterior pelvic radiographs using validated HipRecon software. Values in the two groups were compared using an independent-samples t-test. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the influences of diagnoses and demographic factors on APP-PT. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for APP-PT was defined as > 1 SD.ResultsThere were no significant differences in APP-PT between the control group and the overall group (1.1° (SD 3.0°; -4.9° to 5.9°) vs 1.8° (SD 3.4°; -6.9° to 13.2°); p = 0.323). Acetabular retroversion and overcoverage groups showed higher mean APP-PTs compared with the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014) and were the only diagnoses with a significant influence on APP-PT in the stepwise multiple regression analysis. All differences were below the MCID. The age, sex, height, weight, and BMI showed no influence on APP-PT.ConclusionAPP-PT showed no radiologically significant variation across different pathomorphologies of the hip in patients being assessed for joint-preserving surgery.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):3–10.
Dual-mobility bearings reduce instability but may not be the only answer in revision total hip arthroplasty for recurrent dislocation
Authors: Scholz Johann , Perka Carsten , Hipfl Christian 
Published: May 2024

AimsThere is little information in the literature about the use of dual-mobility (DM) bearings in preventing re-dislocation in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to compare the use of DM bearings, standard bearings, and constrained liners in revision THA for recurrent dislocation, and to identify risk factors for re-dislocation.MethodsWe reviewed 86 consecutive revision THAs performed for dislocation between August 2012 and July 2019. A total of 38 revisions (44.2%) involved a DM bearing, while 39 (45.3%) and nine (10.5%) involved a standard bearing and a constrained liner, respectively. Rates of re-dislocation, re-revision for dislocation, and overall re-revision were compared. Radiographs were assessed for the positioning of the acetabular component, the restoration of the centre of rotation, leg length, and offset. Risk factors for re-dislocation were determined by Cox regression analysis. The modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHSs) were recorded. The mean age of the patients at the time of revision was 70 years (43 to 88); 54 were female (62.8%). The mean follow-up was 5.0 years (2.0 to 8.75).ResultsDM bearings were used significantly more frequently in elderly patients (p = 0.003) and in hips with abductor deficiency (p < 0.001). The re-dislocation rate was 13.2% for DM bearings compared with 17.9% for standard bearings, and 22.2% for constrained liners (p = 0.432). Re-revision-free survival for DM bearings was 84% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 0.91) compared with 74% (95% CI 0.67 to 0.81) for standard articulations, and 67% (95% CI 0.51 to 0.82) for constrained liners (p = 0.361). Younger age (hazard ratio (HR) 0.92 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.99); p = 0.031), lower comorbidity (HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.95); p = 0.037), smaller heads (HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.99); p = 0.046), and retention of the acetabular component (HR 8.26 (95% CI 1.37 to 49.96); p = 0.022) were significantly associated with re-dislocation. All DM bearings which re-dislocated were in patients with abductor muscle deficiency (HR 48.34 (95% CI 0.03 to 7,737.98); p = 0.303). The radiological analysis did not reveal a significant relationship between restoration of the geometry of the hip and re-dislocation. The mean mHHSs significantly improved from 43 points (0 to 88) to 67 points (20 to 91; p < 0.001) at the final follow-up, with no differences between the types of bearing.ConclusionWe found that the use of DM bearings reduced the rates of re-dislocation and re-revision in revision THA for recurrent dislocation, but did not guarantee stability. Abductor deficiency is an important predictor of persistent instability.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):89–97.
Patients undergoing robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty have a greater improvement in knee-specific pain but not in function
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Galloway Steven , Baron Jenny , Smith Karen , Weir David J. , Deehan David J. 
Published: May 2024

AimsThe aim was to assess whether robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) had greater knee-specific outcomes, improved fulfilment of expectations, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and patient satisfaction when compared with manual TKA (mTKA).MethodsA randomized controlled trial was undertaken (May 2019 to December 2021), and patients were allocated to either mTKA or rTKA. A total of 100 patients were randomized, 50 to each group, of whom 43 rTKA and 38 mTKA patients were available for review at 12 months following surgery. There were no statistically significant preoperative differences between the groups. The minimal clinically important difference in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score was defined as 7.5 points.ResultsThere were no clinically or statistically significant differences between the knee-specific measures (WOMAC, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS)) or HRQoL measures (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) and EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS)) at 12 months between the groups. However, the rTKA group had significantly (p = 0.029) greater improvements in the WOMAC pain component (mean difference 9.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0 to 18.4) over the postoperative period (two, six, and 12 months), which was clinically meaningful. This was not observed for function (p = 0.248) or total (p = 0.147) WOMAC scores. The rTKA group was significantly (p = 0.039) more likely to have expectation of ‘Relief of daytime pain in the joint’ when compared with the mTKA group. There were no other significant differences in expectations met between the groups. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction with their knee (p = 0.464), return to work (p = 0.464), activities (p = 0.293), or pain (p = 0.701).ConclusionPatients undergoing rTKA had a clinically meaningful greater improvement in their knee pain over the first 12 months, and were more likely to have fulfilment of their expectation of daytime pain relief compared with patients undergoing mTKA. However, rTKA was not associated with a clinically significant greater knee-specific function or HRQoL, according to current definitions.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):450–459.
Fostering Inclusion Around Housing Transitions
Authors: Annesley Allison , Dever Maddy 
Published: May 2024

This qualitative research project was designed to determine how Community Connectors can best support neurodiverse residents when they move into new housing. The research team also sought to generate greater awareness of the Connector role and support for a pilot. Team members collected and analyzed a range of perspectives, including lived experience, by running focus groups, conducting key informant interviews, and consulting with a diverse advisory panel. A Community Connector assisting neurodiverse residents as they transition to more independent housing can have an outsized impact, on housing success, housing stability, and quality of life. The Social Finance for Social Inclusion Solutions Lab has developed an outcomes-based pilot model to increase access to Community Connectors. Connectors help residents form relationships and over time, develop a new network of support. Housing providers may also be more willing to welcome these tenants, knowing they have adequate support. Connectors can also facilitate volunteer or employment opportunities, further integrating residents as full and valued members of the community. We found a social impact bond could be a novel way of increasing access to Community Connectors. Both impact investors and government funders are interested in the outcomes a pilot would likely achieve. Social impact bonds are just one idea though. Any funding model that could pay for an outcomes-based pilot with independent evaluation, would generate the evidence required to scale and increase access to this important resource.
Магнітне поле Землі: екологічний аспект
Authors: Орлюк Михайло Іванович 
Published: May 2024

У доповіді наведено результати досліджень, проведених в Інституті геофізики ім. С.І. Субботіна НАН України, які стосуються вивчення просторово-часової структури магнітного поля Землі у контексті оцінювання екологічного стану довкілля. Міждисциплінарні дослідження за напрямом геофізичної (геомагнітної) екології є актуальними з огляду на значний вплив на навколишнє середовище природних і техногенних факторів, у тому числі й магнітних чинників, пов’язаних із забрудненням територій, зокрема й унаслідок ведення бойових дій.
Technological quality, bioactive features, and glycemic index of gluten-free cakes formulated with lyophilized wild Prunus spinosa fruit
Authors: Cakir Elif , Ozülkü Görkem , Bekiroglu Hatice , Arici Muhammet , Sagdic Osman 
Published: May 2024

This study evaluated the effects of rice flour cakes enriched with wild fruit Prunus spinosa powder (PS) on techno-functional, nutrition, and eating quality. PS increases the cakes’ ash, protein, and moisture values. Total phenolic content increased from 35.91±0.25 to 73.39±0.58 mg GAE g-1, and gluten-free cakes’ antioxidant capacity markedly increased with the increasing level of PS powder addition (p<0.05). The increase in PS decreased the glycemic index (eGI), and the lowest eGI was determined as 69.38±1.21 in cake samples containing 4% PS. Except for the 1% PS added sample, the increase in PS caused a decrease in specific volume, % porosity, and increase in hardness, including four days of storage. The addition of PS increased the redness (a*) and decreased the yellow (b*) and brightness (L*) values. The flow behavior index (n) of cake batters containing 1% and 2% PS were similar to the control group. Cakes containing 1% PS received the highest scores in sensory analysis. Although the increase in PS amount negatively affects the textural properties of gluten-free rice flour cakes, it is crucial to increase its bioactive properties and nutritional values and positively contribute to health by reducing the glycemic index.
QT interval prolongation in people treated with bedaquiline for drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Rayhan Mohammad Zannatul , Sadi M. Rokib , Sarker Prosad Kumer , Hossain M. Asif , Alam Most Mehenaz 
Published: May 2024

Background: Bedaquiline (BDQ) is indeed recommended for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, it's essential to monitor patients receiving bedaquiline therapy closely because it has been associated with prolongation of the QTc interval. This study aimed to assess the association of bedaquiline to QT interval prolongation in DR-TB patients.
Methods: This was an observational longitudinal study conducted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine in Chest Disease Hospital, Rajshahi, from August 2020 to February 2023. A total of 44 MDR-TB patients were included in the study. Data analyses were done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.
Results: Out of 44 patients the majority 30(68.2%) patients belonged to age >40 years with a mean age of 49.3±15.6 years, and all patients were male. All MDR patients were detected by sputum Gene-Xpert, 44 (100%), and sputum for AFB culture was done in all patients, 44 (100%). QT level and QT changes were statistically significant for baseline and 24 weeks. Only one patient died in 2 weeks of follow-up (Table 3). Changes of QT >60 ms was found in 6 (13.6%) and ≤60 ms was 38 (86.4%). Age, sex, marital status, residence, educational status, occupational status, monthly income, chief complaints, co-morbidities, and using drug-causing QT prolongation were not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Prolonged QT interval is in DR-TB patients who receive treatment using the bedaquiline regimen. We observed that with a moderate prolongation of QTc, there were no arrhythmias recorded and 1 death occurred due to acute MI.