bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics of tsunamis generated by asteroid impact in the Black Sea
Authors: Isvoranu Dragos , Badescu Viorel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Two-dimensional and one-dimensional models are used to evaluate the seashore effects of the tsunami generated by an asteroid hitting the deep water in the Eastern region of the Black Sea. The shallow water theory has been used to describe tsunami propagation. The distance between the impact point and the nearest coast is about 150 km. The effects on the coastal regions depend on many factors among which the most important is asteroid size. The tsunami generated by a 250 m asteroid reaches the nearest dry land location in 20 minutes and needs about two hours to hit all over the Black Sea coast. The horizontal inundation length is also known as run-in or run-off distance, according to the direction of water movement. The run-up values may be up to 39 m in the Eastern basin and a more than ten times smaller in theWestern region. The Northern part of the Black Sea coast is not affected by the tsunami. The run-in values of a tsunami generated by a 1000 m diameter asteroid are sensibly larger than the similar values associated to a 250 m diameter asteroid. The run-in strongly depends on the distance from the impact position to the shore and on coastal topographical profile. For instance, the run-in distance in case of a tsunami generated by a 250 m size asteroid is 0.1 km (at Varna), 0.5 km (Ordu), 0.7 km (Yalta) and 1.4 km (Sochi). In case of the 1000 m diameter asteroid the run-in distance is 0.7 km (at Varna) and 2.9 km (Yalta). The results accuracy is also discussed.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of MZr2(PO4)3:Eu3+; Bi3+ (M=Na; K) phosphors
Authors: He Xipu , Huang Junli , Zhou Liya , Pang Qi , Gong Fuzhong 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A series of new red phosphors, MZr2(PO4)3:Eu3+; Bi3+ (M=Na; K), were synthesized using the solidstate reaction method, and their photoluminescence spectra were measured. The MZr2(PO4)3:Eu3+; Bi3+ (M=Na; K) phosphors were efficiently excited by an ultraviolet (UV; 395 nm) source, and showed intense orange-red emission at 595 nm. Further investigation of the concentration-dependent emission spectra indicated that the MZr2(PO4)3:Eu3+; Bi3+ (M=Na; K) phosphors exhibit the strongest luminescence intensity when y = 0.01 in NaZr2(0:95−y)(PO4)3:Eu0.103+, Bi2y
3+ and y = 0.09 in NaZr2(0.95−y)(PO4)3:Eu0.103+, Bi2y
3+, whereas the relative PL intensity decreases with increasing Bi3+ concentration due to concentration quenching. The addition of Bi3+ widens the excitation band of NaZr2(0.95−y)(PO4)3:Eu0.103+, Bi2y
3+ around 320 nm, which provides the useful idea of broadening the excitation band around 300–350 nm to fit the ultraviolet chip.
Application of genetic algorithms to determine heavy metal ions sorption dynamics on clinoptilolite bed
Authors: Tomczak Elwira , Kamiński Władysław 
Published: March 2012

Application of genetic algorithms to determine heavy metal ions sorption dynamics on clinoptilolite bed
In the last decade a growing interest was observed in low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal ions. Clinoptilolite is a mineral sorbent extracted in Poland that is used to remove heavy metal ions from diluted solutions. The experiments in this study were carried out in a laboratory column for multicomponent water solutions of heavy metal ions, i.e. Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II). A mathematical model to calculate the metals' concentration of water solution at the column outlet and the concentration of adsorbed substances in the adsorbent was proposed. It enables determination of breakthrough curves for different process conditions and column dimensions. The model of process dynamics in the column took into account the specificity of sorption described by the Elovich equation (for chemical sorption and ion exchange). Identification of the column dynamics consisted in finding model coefficients β, KE and Deff and comparing the calculated values with experimental data. Searching for coefficients which identify the column operation can involve the use of optimisation methods to find the area of feasible solutions in order to obtain a global extremum. For that purpose our own procedure of genetic algorithm is applied in the study.
Antitussive Effect of a Pectic Arabinogalactans Isolated from Adhatoda Vasica in Vivo Experimental Conditions
Authors: Fleskova D. , Nosalova G. , Saha Sudipta , Bandyopadhyay Shruti , Bimalendu Ray , Jurecek L. 
Published: March 2012

Antitussive Effect of a Pectic Arabinogalactans Isolated from Adhatoda Vasica in Vivo Experimental Conditions
The herbal polysaccharides have been the subject of many studies for a very long time, especially because of their physical properties, chemical and physical modification and application. Adhatoda vasica has also been traditionally included in preparations for the relief of cough, asthma and bronchitis recommended by Ayurvedic physicians for the management of various types of respiratory disorders. In this study, we have focused on activities of pectic arabinogalactans isolated from Adhatoda vasica on experimentally induced cough reflex and the changes of specific airway resistance in vivo conditions. The substance from leaves of Adhatoda vasica was marked as P-601 and the substance from stem bark of this shrub as P-602. The aim of presented study was to compare the antitussive activity of isolated arabinogalactans with cough suppressive activity of codeine ("positive" control) and effect acquired after application of water for injection ("negative" control). Conscious male Trik guinea pigs (200-350g) were exposed to citric acid aerosol. Peroral administration of these substances in a dose of 50 mg.kg-1 body weight decreased the number of citric acid induced cough efforts in guinea pigs more effectively than codeine. They did not induce any significant changes in the values of specific airway resistance and did not provoke any observable adverse effects. Our test results confirmed that polysaccharides isolated from Adhatoda vasica in vivo conditions have expressive antitussive effect compared with the oldest and the most effective cough suppressive agent - the codeine. The positive thing is the studied substances, despite strong supressive activity, did not induced any adverse side effects.
Implications of the Level of Dogmatism and Selected Psychosocial Conditions for a Propensity for Risky Behaviour among the Soldiers of the Polish Army Land Forces
Authors: Fijałkowska Sylwia 
Published: March 2012

Implications of the Level of Dogmatism and Selected Psychosocial Conditions for a Propensity for Risky Behaviour among the Soldiers of the Polish Army Land Forces
The article presents the results of a study concerning a propensity for risky behaviour, conducted on regular soldiers of the Polish Army Land Forces. Its aim was to verify whether a level of dogmatism and selected psychosocial (socio-professional) conditions were related to a propensity for risky behaviour among the soldiers. The research partially confirmed the hypothesis of psychosocial determinants of a propensity for such behaviour. Young and shortserving soldiers appeared to be more inclined to undertake risky behaviour than older and long-serving ones. A tendency to avoid risky behaviour was displayed by soldiers from small towns (up to 20 000 inhabitants) as compared to groups of respondents from larger towns. The results of the research did not indicate a significant relationship between the propensity for risky behaviour and the level of dogmatism, education, personal corps, professional position.
The Development of the Self Through the “Gift of the Self” or the Mutual Recognition
Authors: Nin Márquez Mara Inés 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Human identity is a complex process linked to the subject and his environment, both constantly evolving. Personality is developed and changed throughout lifetime, but it has a core that remains constant.
Thus a person can secure his continuity; he recognizes himself and is recognized by the others as time goes by. In fact, we are all the same, even after experiencing changes and years later.
The constitution of the other and the self are – from the phenomenological point of view – two components of the same process, which is the origin of the subjectivity of self and the objectivity of me. These are conditions for the identity’s construction, a continuous process that takes place throughout time. (Ballerini, 2005)
Human tendency to the community emerges with priority from the above definition. That deep desire of being part of a social group interprets others as constituent of the identity of the self. (Pulcini, 2002)
“Having an identity” actually means not only a set of characteristics noticed by ourselves after actions done or the “image” of us, but also to be recognized by the rest of society. (Andrea, 2004)
Therefore, community turns out in the ultimate horizon that responds to an individual’s recognition need.
The recognition of self by me is linked to the issue of the recognition of self through the other until mutual recognition as reciprocal act is reached. (Ricoeur, 2005)
Hence, “gift” becomes an emblem of mutual recognition, highlighting the relational and inter-subjective structure of the person.
The identity development goes through the mutual recognition experience and gift. (Castiglioni, 2008)
Somebody who gives himself recognizes the others and simultaneously, participates in his constitution and his self-understanding.
Empathy
Authors: Belzung Catherine 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
When we see a child crying, the urge to help him and to comfort him comes to us spontaneously. We understand what he is experiencing, and feel in us something of his sadness, his distress: this is what we call empathy. This sense of the other is the fruit of our evolutionary history and is hardwired in our biology. Empathy has interested a lot of thinkers and in particular the Scottish philosophers of the Age of the Enlightenment such as Adam Smith or Hume. More recently, the philosophers Robert Gordon (St Louis, Missouri) and Alvin Goldman (Tuscon, Arizona) proposed the theory of simulation according to which when we understand the other, we simulate the other’s point of view and we use this prospective to understand the other and predict his behavior. The French neuropscyhologist Jean Decety adopted this point of view. He specifies that the empathy is the capacity to mentally simulate the subjectivity of the other, to put ourselves in the shoes of another: it lies on biological systems.
Effect of Gender, Cadence, and Water Immersion on Ground Reaction Forces During Stationary Running
Authors: de Brito Fontana Heiliane , Haupenthal Alessandro , Ruschel Caroline , Hubert Marcel , Ridehalgh Colette , Roesler Helio 
Published: March 2012

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Objectives To analyze the vertical and anteroposterior components of the ground reaction force during stationary running performed in water and on dry land, focusing on the effect of gender, level of immersion, and cadence. Background Stationary running, as a fundamental component of aquatic rehabilitation and training protocols, is little explored in the literature with regard to biomechanical variables, which makes it difficult to determine and control the mechanical load acting on the individuals. Methods Twenty-two subjects performed 1 minute of stationary running on land, immersed to the hip, and immersed to the chest at 3 different cadences: 90 steps per minute, 110 steps per minute, and 130 steps per minute. Force data were acquired with a force plate, and the variables were vertical peak (Fy), loading rate (LR), anterior peak (Fx anterior), and posterior peak (Fx posterior). Data were normalized to subjects' body weight (BW) and analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Fy ranged from 0.98 to 2.11 BW, LR ranged from 5.38 to 11.52 BW/s, Fx anterior ranged from 0.07 to 0.14 BW, and Fx posterior ranged from 0.06 to 0.09 BW. The gender factor had no effect on the variables analyzed. A significant interaction between level of immersion and cadence was observed for Fy, Fx anterior, and Fx posterior. On dry land, Fy increased with increasing cadence, whereas in water this effect was seen only between 90 steps per minute and the 2 higher cadences. The higher the level of immersion, the lower the magnitude of Fy. LR was reduced under both water conditions and increased with increasing cadence, regardless of the level of immersion. Conclusion Ground reaction forces during stationary running are similar between genders. Fy and LR are lower in water, though the values are increased at higher cadences. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(5):437–443, Epub 8 March 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3572
Comparison of Reliability and Responsiveness of Patient-Reported Clinical Outcome Measures in Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation
Authors: Williams Valerie J. , Piva Sara R. , Irrgang James J. , Crossley Chad , Fitzgerald G. Kelley 
Published: March 2012

Study Design Secondary analysis, pretreatment-posttreatment observational study. Objective To compare the reliability and responsiveness of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Knee Outcome Survey activities of daily living subscale (KOS-ADL), and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Background The WOMAC is the current standard in patient-reported measures of function in patients with knee OA. The KOS-ADL and LEFS were designed for potential use in patients with knee OA. If the KOS-ADL and LEFS are to be considered viable alternatives to the WOMAC for measuring patient-reported function in individuals with knee OA, they should have measurement properties comparable to the WOMAC. It would also be important to determine whether either of these instruments may be superior to the WOMAC in terms of reliability or responsiveness in this population. Methods Data from 168 subjects with knee OA, who participated in a rehabilitation program, were used in the analyses. Reliability and responsiveness of each outcome measure were estimated at follow-ups of 2, 6, and 12 months. Reliability was estimated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) for subjects who were unchanged in status from baseline at each follow-up time, based on a global rating of change score. To examine responsiveness, the standard error of the measurement, minimal detectable change, minimal clinically important difference, and the Guyatt responsiveness index were calculated for each outcome measure at each follow-up time. Results All 3 outcome measures demonstrated reasonable reliability and responsiveness to change. Reliability and responsiveness tended to decrease somewhat with increasing follow-up time. There were no substantial differences between outcome measures for reliability or any of the 3 measures of responsiveness at any follow-up time. Conclusion The results do not indicate that one outcome measure is more reliable or responsive than another when applied to subjects with knee OA. We believe that all 3 instruments are appropriate outcome measures to examine change in functional status of patients with knee OA. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(8):716–723, Epub 8 March 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4038
Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Ananas comosas (L.) Merr. Leaves in High Cholesterol Fed Albino Rats
Authors: Islam Mohammed Moinul , Mahabub-Uz-Zaman M , Aktar Rasheda , Ahmed Nazim Uddin 
Published: March 2012

The hypocholesterolemic effect of the ethanol extract of Ananas comosas (Pineapple) was investigated in 5 groups of albino rats, 7 in each group. Group I rat received only distilled water and served as normal control. Groups II, III, IV and V were made hypercholesterolemic by feeding cholesterol orally suspended in 2% cholic acid mixed soybean oil (1 ml/kg bw) at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw daily up to 60 days. Group II rat received 1 ml distilled water while animals of Group III , IV and V received ethanol extract of Ananas comosas at the dose of 1000 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively daily up to 60 days in addition to cholesterol as above. At the end of 60th day animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for measurement of lipid profiles using enzymatic kit. Administration of cholesterol caused a significant rise (p<0.001) in the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Simultaneous administration of three different doses of Ananas comosas extract namely 1000 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 60 days decreased serum cholesterol level by 62%, 47%, and 42% respectively (p<0.001); serum triglycerides level by 62.7%, 58.7%, and 49.09% respectively (p<0.001); serum LDL level by 70.5%, 53.9% and 51.15%, respectively (p<0.01). However, serum HDL level was not affected significantly. The cumulative results clearly indicate ethanol extract of Ananas comosas leaves possesses potent hypocholesterolaemic effect.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v5i1.3739 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.5(1) 2011
Risk Factors of Neonatal Mortality in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamal SMM , Ashrafuzzaman M , Nasreen SA 
Published: March 2012

Introduction: To address United Nations Millennium Develop­ment Goal 4 (MDG 4) on reducing childhood mortality by three-quarter by 2015, there is a need for better population-based data on the rates and causes of neonatal death. This study aims to identify the risk factors of neonatal mortality in Bangladesh.Methods: The study used data from the nationally representative 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The survey gathered information regarding socioeconomic, demographic, environmental and maternal and child health care of 10,996 ever married women and 6,058 children. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to assess the relationship between neonatal mortality and contextual factors.Results: The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 37/1,000. The statistical analyses yielded quantitatively important and reliable estimates of neonatal death. The multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded significantly increased risk of neonatal mortality for children with mother who had no formal education, the Muslims, whose mother were adolescents age 15-19, first ranked birth and twin babies. Conclusion: Emphasis should be given to improve female education in Bangladesh for a better chance of satisfying important factors that can improve infant survival: the quality of infant feeding, general care, household sanitation, and adequate use of preventive and curative health services.Key words: Maternal and child health; Female education; MDG 4; Neonatal mortalityDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.4845 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 37-46
Esophageal Foreign Body in a Neonate: An Unusual Age of Presentation
Authors: Singh H , Dhingra B , Yadav D , Aggarwal V 
Published: March 2012

Ingestion of foreign bodies in neonates is very rare and can be life threatening. We describe a 20 days old neonate presented with vomiting, drooling of saliva and poor feeding tolerance. Chest radiograph showed a metallic foreign body in superior mediastinum. Foreign body was removed by rigid oesophagoscopy. The case describes the unusual age of presentation of foreign body and options available to remove these foreign bodies in neonates. Key words: Esophagus; Foreign body; Neonate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5306 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 79-80
Infant Feeding Practices in Kaski District, Pokhara
Authors: Basnet S , Gauchan E , Malla K , Malla T , Koirala DP , Shah R , Sedhai Y 
Published: March 2012

Background: Children in developing countries are prone to infectious diseases due to insufficient and inappropriate feeding practices. Socio-demographic and socio-economic factors directly and indirectly play a role in influencing infant feeding practices. This study was conducted to assess the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with initiation of breastfeeding, complimentary feeding, and the various prelacteal feeds practiced in Kaski, Pokhara. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, interviews were conducted to 500 mothers at Manipal Teaching Hospital who brought their child for treatment. The interviews were conducted in a questionnaire format relating to their demographic and financial statuses. Results: A total of 500 mothers were questioned, out of which 86.6% gave their child breastmilk as its first food. 47% initiated breastfeeding within half an hour of child’s birth. 86% gave Jaulo as the first complementary food to their children. About 26% of the mothers gave complementary feeding to their children before the recommended time of 6 months. Conclusion: Initiation of breastfeeding after life and complementary feeding practices overall has improved from previous studies. There is still need of making awareness campaigns and such in order to further improve this trend. Key words: Breastfeeding; Complimentary feeding; Malnourishment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5339 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 23-27
Intestinal Atresia: A Four-Year Review of Cases in Ikeja-Lagos
Authors: Williams OM , Osuoji RI , Ajai OT , Olayiwola B , Bankole MA 
Published: March 2012

Introduction: Intestinal atresia is one of the most common causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction worldwide. The pattern of presentation and management in our institution is reviewed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the pattern of intestinal atresias and stenoses in newborns who presented to our unit. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients with intestinal atresias and stenoses who presented between September 2004 and November 2008. The clinical presentation, diagnoses, operative management, post operative care and outcome were obtained from the case notes. Results: Thirty cases were seen in that period, M:F; 1:1.5. Eleven (36.7%) were duodenal pathologies and 19 (63.3%) were jejunoileal. The main presenting symptom was bilious vomiting. Overall mortality is 40.9%. Prematurity and delayed presentations are the major contributing factors to mortality. Conclusion: Improvement of health care facilities as well as public health education to seek early intervention will improve outcome. Maternal awareness of this condition would lead to prompt seeking of treatment for paediatric patients. Key words: Intestinal atresia; congenital malformation; total parenteral nutrition DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5382 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 28-32
An Unusual Case of Acute Pancreatitis in a Child
Authors: Joshi BG , Wadhwa N 
Published: March 2012

Ascaris lumbricoides is a common intestinal parasite in tropical regions.Pancreatitis due to worm infestation is an uncommon but important cause in this region. While there are reports of pancreatic duct invasion by round worms in adults, such cases are rarely reported in pediatric population. We report one such case in a sixteen year old child. Key words: Ascaris Lumbricoides; Pancreatitis; ERCPDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5484J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 69-70