bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cattle tuberculosis, farm management, and host species richness in a high prevalence area of Western Spain
Authors: Herrero-García Gloria , Vaz-Rodrigues Rita , Pozo Pilar , Barroso Patricia , Relimpio David , Nacar Jesus , Grau Anna , Minguez Olga , Garcia-Rodriguez Alberto , Balseiro Ana , Gortazar Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Despite enormous efforts, complete animal tuberculosis (TB) eradication has only been achieved in few regions. Epidemiological analyses are key to identify TB risk factors and set up targeted biosecurity measures. Here, we conducted an in-depth characterization of 84 extensive beef cattle farms from a high TB prevalence region in Western Spain, and assessed how farm management and wildlife presence on farms contribute to cattle TB risk. Twenty-six out of 84 variables were associated with cattle farm TB positivity. Farm management variables associated with TB positivity included older cattle, larger herd size, highly fragmented farm structure and greater connectivity between farms. TB-positive farms provided supplemental feed over a higher number of months, used calf feeders, and had higher number of waterholes. Detecting Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), European badger (Meles meles), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), or Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) on cattle farms was also associated with farm TB positivity. The best ordinal regression model indicated that in farms with a large herd size (> 167 animals) the odds of being positive or recurrently positive (versus negative) was 7.34 (95% CI = 2.43–23.51) times higher that of farms with small herd size. Further, for every additional host species detected in the farm premises, the odds of being TB-positive increased by 56%. We conclude that both cattle management and wildlife need to be targeted for successful TB control in grazing-based farming systems.
Fibroblasts as an in vitro model of circadian genetic and genomic studies
Authors: Francia Marcelo , Bot Merel , Boltz Toni , Hoz Juan F. De La , Boks Marco P. M. , Kahn Rene S. , Ophoff Roel A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable disorder characterized by shifts in mood that manifest in manic or depressive episodes. Clinical studies have identified abnormalities of the circadian system in BD patients as a hallmark of underlying pathophysiology. Fibroblasts are a well-established in vitro model for measuring circadian patterns. We set out to examine the underlying genetic architecture of circadian rhythm in fibroblasts, with the goal to assess its contribution to the polygenic nature of BD disease risk. We collected, from primary cell lines of 6 healthy individuals, temporal genomic features over a 48 hour period from transcriptomic data (RNA-seq) and open chromatin data (ATAC-seq).
Results The RNA-seq data showed that only a limited number of genes, primarily the known core clock genes such as ARNTL, CRY1, PER3, NR1D2 and TEF display circadian patterns of expression consistently across cell cultures. The ATAC-seq data identified that distinct transcription factor families, like those with the basic helix-loop-helix motif, were associated with regions that were increasing in accessibility over time. Whereas known glucocorticoid receptor target motifs were identified in those regions that were decreasing in accessibility.
Further evaluation of these regions using stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis failed to identify a significant presence of them in the known genetic architecture of BD, and other psychiatric disorders or neurobehavioral traits in which the circadian rhythm is affected.
Conclusions In this study, we characterize the biological pathways that are activated in this in vitro circadian model, evaluating the relevance of these processes in the context of the genetic architecture of BD and other disorders, highlighting its limitations and future applications for circadian genomic studies.
Neuroprotective Effects of Metformin on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Modulation of JNK and p38 MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhang Shicun , Zou Wei , Leng Yan , Mu Zhuang , Zhan Lan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a common pathological process in stroke, associated with neuronal cell death and neurological dysfunction. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has been found to possess various neuroprotective effects. However, its protective role in CIRI and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of metformin on CIRI and the potential mechanisms by which it may modulate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase (p38) signaling pathways.
Methods: The impact of metformin on CIRI was assessed by establishing in vitro neuronal cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and in vivo mouse models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Cell viability was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8); protein expression levels were analyzed by Western Blot (WB); and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The brain injury area in the animal model was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; the activation status of JNK and p38 was detected by WB and phospho-JNK (p-JNK) immunofluorescence staining.
Results: In vitro experiments demonstrated that metformin significantly eHT22nced the viability of cells exposed to OGD/R, reduced apoptosis, and inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 induced by OGD/R. In vivo experiments showed that metformin treatment significantly reduced the brain injury volume in MCAO mice and inhibited the expression of p-p38 and p-JNK. Additionally, neurological functions were improved in the metformin-treated group.
Prosystemin N-terminal protein fragments mitigate salt stress damages in tomato plants
Authors: Criscuolo Martina Chiara , Castaldi Valeria , Aprile Anna Maria , Rao Rosa , Magliulo Raffaele , Monti Simona Maria , Buonanno Martina , Molisso Donata , Langella Emma , Cirillo Valerio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Understanding and exploiting the intrinsic mechanisms of tolerance to multiple stresses in plants is the new frontier of sustainable agriculture, since environmental challenges often occur simultaneously in agricultural systems. We recently identified three fragments, named PS1-70, PS1-120 and G, in the scaffold of prosystemin, the protein precursor of tomato systemin. These protein fragments efficiently protect tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea and Spodoptera littoralis larvae attacks by inducing defence-related genes. Since it was previously demonstrated that prosystemin protects tomato plants also against soil salinity, we analyzed the ability of PS1-70, PS1-120 and G to confer salt tolerance. As expected, the application of 150 mM NaCl induced 24% reduction of shoot fresh weight. The treatment with PS1-70 and G induced 9% and 8% increase of shoot fresh weight. In addition, under salt stress, there is a significant increase in root biomass in treated plants suggesting that the treatment mitigated salt stress. Noteworthy, fragments application improved the growth of shoots, indicating a biostimulant activity on tomato growth. These data correlated with the upregulation of key stress-related genes, (CAT2, APX2, and HSP90), associated with the activation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging reactions in stressed plant cells. Our results add novel tools to the complex problem of sustainable crop protection against different environmental stresses.
"Several Birds with One Stone": Exploring the Potential of AI Methods for Multi-Target Drug Design
Authors: Mukaidaisi Muhetaer , Ahmed Madiha , Grantham Karl , Al-Jumaily Aws , Dedhar Shoukat , Organ Michael , Tchagang Alain , Hou Jinqiang , Ahmed Ejaz , Dividino Renata , Li Yifeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Drug discovery is a time-consuming and expensive process. Artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies have been adopted to cut costs and speed up the drug development process, serving as promising in silico approaches to efficiently design novel drug candidates targeting various health conditions. Most existing AI-driven drug discovery studies follow a single-target approach which focuses on identifying compounds that bind a single target (i.e., one-drug-one-target approach). Polypharmacology is a relatively new concept that takes a systematic approach to search for a compound (or a combination of compounds) that can bind two or more carefully selected protein biomarkers simultaneously to synergistically treat the disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-target drugs offer superior therapeutic potentials compared to single-target drugs. However, it is intuitively thought that searching for multi-target drugs is more challenging than finding single-target drugs. At present, it is unclear how AI approaches perform in designing multi-target drugs.
Results: In this paper, we comprehensively investigated the performance of multi-objective AI approaches for multi-target drug design.
Conclusion: Our findings are quite counterintuitive demonstrating that, in fact, AI approaches for multi-target drug design are able to efficiently generate more high-quality novel compounds than the single-target approaches while satisfying a number of constraints.
Evaluating the clinical utility of apitolisib/ vorinostat combination in apitolisib-resistant H1975 lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hmmier Abduladim , Dowling Paul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: The PI3K signalling pathway regulates the metabolic activity of cells. Disruption by PI3K inhibitors causes an aerobic/anaerobic imbalance that decreases energy production and cell growth. Cancer cells adapt to PI3K inhibitors in order to reduce their effectiveness. Resistance to apitolisib could be due to intrinsic factors or acquired adaptation. Oncologists often ask whether to discontinue apitolisib, increase its dose, or use a drug combination.
Methods: We observed the proliferation of resistant cells in (H1975R+) and out (H1975R-) of apitolisib treatment, cell cycle pattern, energy phenotyping/reprogramming, and the effects of combining Apitolisib with Vorinostat on the acquired proliferation of H1975R- cells.
Results: The Proliferation of H1975R- cells increased, while that of H1975R+ cells remained suppressed. Both conditions showed a 5x decrease in the number of cells at the Go/G1 phase and doubled at S and G2/M phases (p< 0.0001). H1975R- cell survival was 80% compared with 20% in H975R+ cells treated with 7 μM vorinostat. Vorinostat effectively controlled acquired hyperproliferation of H1975R- cells.
Conclusion: If a tumour becomes unresponsive to apitolisib, it is advisable to continue the inhibitor and consider a combination with non-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Characterizing the structural complexity of the Earth’s forests with spaceborne lidar
Authors: de Conto Tiago , Dubayah Ralph , Armston John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Forest structural complexity is a key element of ecosystem functioning, impacting light environments, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and habitat quality. Addressing the need for a comprehensive global assessment we derive the first, near-global map of 3D canopy complexity using data from the GEDI spaceborne lidar mission. These data show that tropical forests harbor most of the high complexity observations, while less than 20% of temperate forests reached median levels of tropical complexity. Structural complexity in tropical forests is more strongly related to canopy attributes from lower and middle waveform layers, whereas in temperate forests upper and middle layers are more influential. Globally, forests exhibit robust scaling relationships between complexity and canopy height, but these vary geographically and by biome. Our results offer insights into the spatial distribution of forest structural complexity and emphasize the importance of considering biome-specific and fine-scale variations for ecological research and management applications.
Online Medical Consultation Service–Oriented Recommendations: Systematic Review
Authors: Jiang Hongxun , Mi Ziyue , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2024

Background
Online health communities have given rise to a new e-service known as online medical consultations (OMCs), enabling remote interactions between physicians and patients. To address challenges, such as patient information overload and uneven distribution of physician visits, online health communities should develop OMC-oriented recommenders.

Objective
We aimed to comprehensively investigate what paradigms lead to the success of OMC-oriented recommendations.

Methods
A literature search was conducted through e-databases, including PubMed, ACM Digital Library, Springer, and ScienceDirect, from January 2011 to December 2023. This review included all papers directly and indirectly related to the topic of health care–related recommendations for online services.

Results
The search identified 611 articles, of which 26 (4.3%) met the inclusion criteria. Despite the growing academic interest in OMC recommendations, there remains a lack of consensus among researchers on the definition of e-service–oriented recommenders. The discussion highlighted 3 key factors influencing recommender success: features, algorithms, and metrics. It advocated for moving beyond traditional e-commerce–oriented recommenders to establish an innovative theoretical framework for e-service–oriented recommenders and addresses critical technical issues regarding 2-sided personalized recommendations.

Conclusions
This review underscores the essence of e-services, particularly in knowledge- and labor-intensive domains such as OMCs, where patients seek interpretable recommendations due to their lack of domain knowledge and physicians must balance their energy levels to avoid overworking. Our study’s findings shed light on the importance of customizing e-service–oriented personalized recommendations to meet the distinct expectations of 2-sided users considering their cognitive abilities, decision-making perspectives, and preferences. To achieve this, a paradigm shift is essential to develop unique attributes and explore distinct content tailored for both parties involved.
Audit Committee Remedial Actions and Regulatory Outcomes following FCPA Investigations
Authors: Menon Krishnagopal , Williams David D. 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
This study examines audit committee (AC) remedial actions in firms investigated for a likely bribery-related violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Specifically, we study the relation between AC remedial actions and regulatory outcomes of an FCPA investigation. We consider three types of AC remedial actions: AC turnover, adding a newly elected director to the AC, and replacing the AC chair. These actions are not associated with the likelihood of a regulatory investigation concluding in an enforcement action. However, in firms that face enforcement actions, adding a newly elected director is associated with lower monetary penalties, a shorter resolution time, and a lower likelihood of an independent FCPA monitor being required. Additional analyses suggest that these results are driven by firms in which the newly elected director is appointed as the AC chair. Overall, this study adds to the literatures on regulatory cooperation and audit committees.
Bioengineered Artificial Extracellular Vesicles Presenting PD-L1 and Gal-9 Ameliorate New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yang Zhaoxin , Zhang Zhirang , Li Liyan , Jing Zhangyan , Ma Yumeng , Lan Tianyu , Li Yuan , Lin Zhongda , Fang Wenli , Zhang Jinxie , Zhang Jinling , Liang Xin , Wu Benqing , Zheng Yi , Zhang Xudong 
Published: May 2024

An important factor in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the deficiency of inhibitory immune checkpoint ligands, specifically programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and galectin-9 (Gal-9), in β-cells. Therefore, modulation of pancreas-infiltrated T lymphocytes by exogenous PD-L1 or Gal-9 is an ideal approach for treating new-onset T1D. We genetically engineered macrophage cells to generate artificial extracellular vesicles (aEVs) overexpressing PD-L1 and Gal-9, which could restrict islet autoreactive T lymphocytes and protect β-cells from destruction. Intriguingly, overexpression of Gal-9 stimulated macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype with immunosuppressive attributes. Alternatively, both PD-L1– and Gal-9–presenting aEVs (PD-L1–Gal-9 aEVs) favorably adhered to T cells via the interaction of programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1 or T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3/Gal-9. Moreover, PD-L1–Gal-9 aEVs prominently promoted effector T-cell apoptosis and splenic regulatory T (Treg) cell formation in vitro. Notably, PD-L1–Gal-9 aEVs efficaciously reversed new-onset hyperglycemia in NOD mice, prevented T1D progression, and decreased the proportion and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrating the pancreas, which together contributed to the preservation of residual β-cell survival and mitigation of hyperglycemia.

Article Highlights
Application of Modified Passive Insulation Monitors for Selective Earth Fault Location in Live Low Voltage AC IT Circuits
Authors: Olszowiec Piotr 
Published: May 2024

In the publication there are presented most popular passive methods of continuous insulation monitoring in live low voltage unearthed AC networks. There are given formulas for determination of insulation equivalent resistance for multi-phase networks sources with both symmetrical and asymmetrical voltages. Novel solution of elimination of the most popular measuring scheme’s shortcomings is proposed. New methods of insulation resistance measurement and earth fault location based on supervision
Predictive analysis algorithm in educational technology: student behavior prediction and intervention strategy design
Authors: Zhang Rui , Hao Gang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we use random forest feature extraction to classify and rank the importance of the behavioral features in the student behavior dataset and obtain the behavioral features with top importance. In the knowledge tracking model, the multidimensional feature strategy is integrated, and the attention weight is introduced in the prediction stage, respectively, so as to predict the results of students’ spatiotemporal behavioral prediction behavioral prediction. The results show that the dormitory area activity has the highest percentage of 30.27%, followed by the teaching area and dining hall area activities. Rest > Study > Eat reflects the regularity of students’ behavior. Behaviors vary at different times of the day. From 0:00 to 7:00, most behaviors are related to rest, while from 8:00 to 11:00, behaviors related to class and eating are predominant. Attending classes abnormally only happened in the second week (3%) and the third week (5%). In the prediction of consumption behavior, the sixth type of students, the average monthly consumption is shallow (541.34) and less frequent (249), and teachers should pay more attention to the life of these students and intervene in the education of mental and physical health.
Investigation into the matching problem between insurance demands and insurance supply in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Tian Chenjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the development of the social economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, the role of insurance in society has become increasingly important. The insurance industry’s growth is not in line with social demands. Insufficient insurance capacity or a mismatch between insurance products and demands in specific regions or industries can lead to increased social risks and unprotected interests. Taking Shanxi province as an example, it is a substantial industrial and energy base in China with abundant resources such as coal and power. Shanxi province is facing challenges of transformation and upgrading due to the transformation of economic structure and the increasing environmental awareness. The matching problem between social demands and insurance capacity becomes particularly important in this process. This paper aims to examine the issue of insurance demand and supply matching, using Shanxi province as a case study. The demand for insurance protection is increasing as social risks increase with rapid economic development and improvements in people’s living standards. However, there is a gap between insurance capacity and social demands, which limits the development of the insurance industry and the effective management of social risks. The characteristics of insurance demands and the current situation of insurance supply in Shanxi province are analyzed through a literature review and empirical research methods in this paper. It discusses the problems and shortcomings of the insurance industry in meeting social demands and proposes a series of policy recommendations to promote the matching of insurance demands and supply.
Teaching the process of free throw action in basketball course based on motion vector field transformation
Authors: Li Bin , He Weizhao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the teaching quality of the free throw action process in basketball courses, this paper proposes research on the teaching of free throw action by integrating motion vector field transformation. Starting from the actual situation of the player’s free throw action, it describes the problems in the teaching process of free throw action. It elaborates on the structure and principle of the motion vector field transformation algorithm in depth. In video analysis teaching of free-throw shooting action processes, the player’s motion vectors can easily be interfered with by random noise, which needs to be optimized using smoothing processing and compensation models. Combined with the teaching objectives of free throw action, the design and development of the “basketball free throw action” microteaching by integrating the motion vector field transformation through the analysis of a university sports college basketball class of 2021 students found that from the seventh week and the eighth week of the experimental group and the control group, respectively, there is a difference of 7.8% and 13%. The ball-hitting rate is significantly different from that of the control group (<0.5). A significant difference occurred (<0.05). Although both methods have improved the free throw shooting rate of the athletes, the teaching of free throw shooting action in the basketball course integrating the motion vector field transformation performs better compared to the traditional free throw shooting action teaching mode. This study provides technical support and diversified media presentation methods for the design and development of basketball micro-courses. It constructs a feasible way to develop and innovate college basketball teaching.