bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors in vitrectomy for lamellar macular hole assessed by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lee Christopher S. , Koh Hyoung J. , Lim Hyung T. , Lee Kyu S. , Lee Sung C. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the association between the macular structure on spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐CT) and visual outcome after vitrectomy for lamellar macular hole (LMH).Methods:  Best‐corrected visual acuity (VA) and SD‐OCT images of the macula were assessed before and after surgery in 30 eyes of 30 patients with a LMH. Preoperative VA and SD‐OCT features were investigated as predictors of surgical outcome.Results:  Mean patient age was 65 years with female predominance (77%). Visual acuity improved in 19 eyes (63%) with an overall mean improvement of 1 Snellen line (from 20/65 to 20/50; p = 0.002) at a mean of 18 months after vitrectomy. Subgroup analysis showed that statistically significant visual benefit was only observed in patients with an intact photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction (p = 0.003), with foveal thickness bigger than 100 μm (p = 0.004) and with initial VA better than 20/100 (p = 0.003). The most efficient model to predict final VA was the combination of preoperative VA and the presence or absence of IS/OS disruption (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.001).Conclusions:  Poor initial VA, the presence of a disrupted IS/OS junction or a thin fovea on preoperative SD‐OCT predicted poor vision outcome after LMH surgery.
Draft Genome Sequences for Clostridium thermocellum Wild-Type Strain YS and Derived Cellulose Adhesion-Defective Mutant Strain AD2
Authors: Brown Steven D. , Lamed Raphael , Morag Ely , Borovok Ilya , Shoham Yuval , Klingeman Dawn M. , Johnson Courtney M. , Yang Zamin , Land Miriam L. , Utturkar Sagar M. , Keller Martin , Bayer Edward A. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Clostridium thermocellum
wild-type strain YS is an anaerobic, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacterium capable of directly converting cellulosic substrates into ethanol. Strain YS and a derived cellulose adhesion-defective mutant strain, AD2, played pivotal roles in describing the original cellulosome concept. We present their draft genome sequences.
Genome Sequence of Cold-Adapted Pseudomonas mandelii Strain JR-1
Authors: Jang Sei-Heon , Kim Junsung , Kim Junyoung , Hong Seunghee , Lee ChangWoo 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas mandelii
is a cold-adapted bacterium that can grow at 4°C but not at 37°C. Here we report the draft genome sequence of
P. mandelii
strain JR-1.
Understanding patient choices for attending sexually transmitted infection testing services: a qualitative study
Authors: Llewellyn Carrie , Pollard Alex , Miners Alec , Richardson Daniel , Fisher Martin , Cairns John , Smith Helen 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo establish which aspects of sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing services are important to STI testing service users.Methods10 focus groups consisting of previous or existing users of STI testing services were conducted in community settings in the south east of England. Groups were quota sampled based on age, gender and sexual orientation. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis.Results65 respondents (58% men) participated. Perceived expertise of staff was the key reason for attendance at genitourinary medicine services rather than general practice. Although some respondents voiced a willingness to test for STIs within general practice, the apparent limited range of tests available in general practice and the perceived lack of expertise around sexual health appeared to discourage attendance at general practice. The decision of where to test for STIs was also influenced by past experience of testing, existing relationships with general practice, method of receiving test results and whether the patient had other medical conditions such as HIV.ConclusionsNo one type of STI testing service is suitable for all patients. This is recognised by policymakers, and it now requires commissioners and providers to make services outside of genitourinary medicine clinics more acceptable and attractive to patients, in particular to address the perceived lack of expertise and limited range of STIs tests available at alternative testing sites.
Edoxaban administration following enoxaparin: A pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and tolerability assessment in human subjects
Authors: Matsushima Nobuko , Halim Abdel-Baset , He Ling , Zhang George , Lee Frank , Worland Valerie , Mendell Jeanne , Zahir Hamim 
Published: May 2012

SummaryEdoxaban is an oral direct factor (F)Xa inhibitor in advanced stages of clinical development. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the pharmacodynamics (PD) and safety of enoxaparin 1 mg/kg followed 12 hours (h) post-dose by edoxaban 60 mg, which is the regimen being used in the phase III study of edoxaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (Hokusai-VTE). This was a phase I, open-label, randomised, four-period, four-treatment cross-over study. Treatments were edoxaban alone (EDOX), enoxaparin alone (ENOX), edoxaban plus enoxaparin (EDOX+ENOX), and enoxaparin followed by edox aban 12 h later (ENOX12-EDOX). Serial blood samples were collected for PD (thrombin generation, anti-FXa) and pharmacokinetic (PK) variables (edoxaban and its principal metabolite M4 by LC-MS/MS, and anti-FIIa as a surrogate of enoxaparin). The highest effect on thrombin AUC (endogenous thrombin potential, or ETP), thrombin (peak), thrombin generation lag time, and velocity index was observed for EDOX+ENOX, followed by ENOX, ENOX12-EDOX, and EDOX. The greatest effect on anti-FXa activity was observed for EDOX+ENOX, followed by ENOX12-EDOX. As expected, neither edoxaban nor enoxaparin significantly altered the PK of the other drug. There were no serious adverse events during the study. It is concluded that a 60-mg dose of edoxaban can be safely administered 12 h following enoxaparin 1 mg/ kg.
Small and large PROS1 deletions but no other types of rearrangements detected in patients with protein S deficiency
Authors: Lind-Halldén Christina , Dahlén Anna , Hillarp Andreas , Zöller Bengt , Dahlbäck Björn , Halldén Christer 
Published: May 2012

SummaryProtein S deficiency is a dominantly inherited disorder that results from mutations in the PROS1 gene. Previous sequencing of the gene failed to detect mutations in eight out of 18 investigated Swedish families, whereas segregation analyses detected large deletions in three out of the eight families. The present study investigates more thoroughly for the presence of deletions but also for other types of rearrangements. FISH analysis confirmed the existence of the three previously identified large deletions, but failed to identify any other type of rearrangement among the eight analysed families. MLPA analysis of the PROS1 gene revealed two smaller deletions covering two and four exons, respectively. Thus, deletions could be found in five out of eight families where no point mutations could be found despite sequencing of the gene. Twelve additional, not previously analysed, families were subsequently analysed using MLPA. The analysis identified two smaller deletions (3 and 4 exons). Including all PS-deficient families, i.e. also the 10 families where sequencing found a causative point mutation, deletions were identified in seven out of 30 PS-deficient families. A strategy of sequencing followed by MLPA analysis in mutation-negative families identified the causative mutation in 15 out of 18 of Swedish PS-deficient families. Most deletions were different as determined by their sizes, locations and flanking haplotypes. FISH (8 families) and MLPA analysis (20 families) failed to identify other types of rearrangements.
Marked Acceleration of Atherosclerosis After
Lactobacillus casei
–Induced Coronary Arteritis in a Mouse Model of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Chen Shuang , Lee Youngho , Crother Timothy R. , Fishbein Michael , Zhang Wenxuan , Yilmaz Atilla , Shimada Kenichi , Schulte Danica J. , Lehman Thomas J.A. , Shah Prediman K. , Arditi Moshe 
Published: May 2012

Objective—

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether
Lactobacillus casei
cell wall extract–induced Kawasaki disease (KD) accelerates atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice.

Method and Results—

Apolipoprotein E knockout or low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were injected with
Lactobacillus casei
cell wall extract (KD mice) or PBS, fed high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and atherosclerotic lesions in aortic sinuses, arch (AC), and whole aorta were assessed. KD mice had larger, more complex aortic lesions with abundant collagen, and both extracellular and intracellular lipid and foam cells, compared with lesions in control mice despite similar cholesterol levels. Both apolipoprotein E knockout KD and low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout KD mice showed dramatic acceleration in atherosclerosis versus controls, with increases in en face aortic atherosclerosis and plaque size in both the aortic sinuses and AC plaques. Accelerated atherosclerosis was associated with increased circulating interleukin-12p40, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased macrophage, dendritic cell, and T-cell recruitment in lesions. Furthermore, daily injections of the interleukin-1Ra, which inhibits
Lactobacillus casei
cell wall extract–induced KD vasculitis, prevented the acceleration of atherosclerosis.

Conclusion—
Our results suggest an important pathophysiologic link between coronary arteritis/vasculitis in the KD mouse model and subsequent atherosclerotic acceleration, supporting the concept that a similar relation may also be present in KD patients. These results also suggest that KD in childhood may predispose to accelerated and early atherosclerosis as adults.
Angiopoietin-1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Regulation of Leukocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ismail Hodan , Mofarrahi Mahroo , Echavarria Raquel , Harel Sharon , Verdin Eric , Lim Hyung W. , Jin Zheng-Gen , Sun Jianxin , Zeng Huiyan , Hussain Sabah N.A. 
Published: May 2012

Objective—
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs). Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) inhibits this response. Nuclear receptor-77 (Nur77) is a proangiogenic nuclear receptor. In the present study, we assessed the influence of Ang-1 and VEGF on Nur77 expression in ECs, and evaluated its role in Ang-1/VEGF-mediated leukocyte adhesion.

Methods and Results—
Expression of Nur77 was evaluated with real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Adhesion of leukocytes to ECs was monitored with inverted microscopy. Nur77 expression or activity was inhibited using adenoviruses expressing dominant-negative form of Nur77, retroviruses expressing Nur77 in the antisense direction, and small interfering RNA oligos. Both Ang-1 and VEGF induce Nur77 expression, by >5- and 30-fold, respectively. When combined, Ang-1 potentiates VEGF-induced Nur77 expression. Ang-1 induces Nur77 through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 pathways. VEGF induces Nur77 expression through the protein kinase D/histone deacetylase 7/myocyte enhancer factor 2 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 pathways. VEGF induces nuclear factor-kappaB transcription factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin expressions, and promotes leukocyte adhesion to ECs. Ang-1 inhibits these responses. This inhibitory effect of Ang-1 disappears when Nur77 expression is disrupted, restoring the inductive effects of VEGF on adhesion molecule expression, and increased leukocyte adhesion to ECs.

Conclusion—
Nur77 promotes anti-inflammatory effects of Ang-1, and functions as a negative feedback inhibitor of VEGF-induced EC activation.
Prediction of Cardioembolic, Arterial, and Lacunar Causes of Cryptogenic Stroke by Gene Expression and Infarct Location
Authors: Jickling Glen C. , Stamova Boryana , Ander Bradley P. , Zhan Xinhua , Liu Dazhi , Sison Shara-Mae , Verro Piero , Sharp Frank R 
Published: May 2012

Background and Purpose—
The cause of ischemic stroke remains unclear, or cryptogenic, in as many as 35% of patients with stroke. Not knowing the cause of stroke restricts optimal implementation of prevention therapy and limits stroke research. We demonstrate how gene expression profiles in blood can be used in conjunction with a measure of infarct location on neuroimaging to predict a probable cause in cryptogenic stroke.

Methods—
The cause of cryptogenic stroke was predicted using previously described profiles of differentially expressed genes characteristic of patients with cardioembolic, arterial, and lacunar stroke. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 131 cryptogenic strokes and compared with profiles derived from 149 strokes of known cause. Each sample was run on Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays. Cause of cryptogenic stroke was predicted using gene expression in blood and infarct location.

Results—

Cryptogenic strokes were predicted to be 58% cardioembolic, 18% arterial, 12% lacunar, and 12% unclear etiology. Cryptogenic stroke of predicted cardioembolic etiology had more prior myocardial infarction and higher CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc scores compared with stroke of predicted arterial etiology. Predicted lacunar strokes had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures and lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale compared with predicted arterial and cardioembolic strokes. Cryptogenic strokes of unclear predicted etiology were less likely to have a prior transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke.

Conclusions—
Gene expression in conjunction with a measure of infarct location can predict a probable cause in cryptogenic strokes. Predicted groups require further evaluation to determine whether relevant clinical, imaging, or therapeutic differences exist for each group.
The Neural Basis of Anosognosia for Spatial Neglect After Stroke
Authors: Vossel Simone , Weiss Peter H. , Eschenbeck Philipp , Saliger Jochen , Karbe Hans , Fink Gereon R. 
Published: May 2012

Background and Purpose—
The present study investigated the lesion anatomy of anosognosia for visuospatial neglect resulting from right hemispheric stroke.

Methods—
In 63 patients, self-ratings of performance in paper-and-pencil tests were contrasted with external performance ratings. Lesion analysis was conducted on patient subgroups with different degrees of anosognosia but comparable visuospatial impairment.

Results—
Independent of the severity of visuospatial neglect per se, damage to the right angular and superior temporal gyrus was associated with higher levels of anosognosia.

Conclusions—
Using a novel assessment of anosognosia for spatial neglect, the present study relates stroke-induced self-awareness deficits to inferior parietal and superior temporal brain damage.
Comparison of Thermal Variance Dissipation Rates from Moored and Profiling Instruments at the Equator
Authors: Perlin A. , Moum J. N. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
As a quantitative test of moored mixing measurements using χpods, a comparison experiment was conducted at 0°, 140°W in October–November 2008. The following three measurement elements were involved: (i) NOAA’s Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) mooring with five χpods, (ii) a similar mooring 9 km away with seven χpods, and (iii) Chameleon turbulence profiles at an intermediate location.
Dissipation rates of temperature variance and turbulent kinetic energy are compared. In all but 3 of 17 direct comparisons 15-day mean values of χT agreed within 95% bootstrap confidence limits computed with the conservative assumption that individual 1-min χpod averages and individual Chameleon profiles are independent. However, significant mean differences occur on 2-day averages. Averaging in time reduces the range (95%) in the observed differences at two locations from a factor of 17 at 1-day averaging time to less than a factor of 2 at 15 days, presumably reflecting the natural variability in both the turbulence and the small-scale fluid dynamics that lead to instability and turbulence.
The motion of χpod on a mooring beneath a surface buoy is complex and requires a complete motion package to define in detail. However, perfect knowledge of the motion of the sensor tip is not necessary to obtain a reasonable measure of χT. A sampling test indicated that the most important motion sensor is a pressure sensor sampled rapidly enough to resolve the surface wave–induced motion.
Voice Quality after Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Resection and Immediate Reconstruction
Authors: Rohde Sarah L. , Wright Charles T. , Muckala Jennifer C. , Wiggleton Jamie , Rousseau Bernard , Netterville James L. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate clinician perception of voice quality, patient self‐reported psychosocial impact of dysphonia, and glottic closure in patients who have undergone resection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and immediate operative reconstruction during thyroid surgery.Study DesignProspective observational study.SettingSingle tertiary care hospital.Subjects and MethodsNine patients underwent immediate operative reconstruction of the RLN by the senior author from 2002 to present. Outcome measures included (1) perceptual voice ratings assessed using the GRBAS (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) scale, (2) psychosocial impact of dysphonia assessed using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and (3) assessment of glottic closure from laryngeal videostroboscopy.ResultsThe RLN was reconstructed with primary anastomosis (4), free nerve graft (3), or vagus‐RLN anastomosis (2). Seven patients had voice samples and videostroboscopy examinations obtained at a minimum of 9 months from surgery. Six were judged to have slight disturbance of voice based on overall Grade scoring (G = 1). Five rated their voice as normal or mild on the VHI instrument (score range 8‐29). Laryngeal analysis revealed the immobile vocal fold in the median, physiologic phonating position with preserved bulk, recovered tension, and glottic closure during phonation. Three patients less than 9 months from surgery had an expected severe self‐reported rating of dysphonia.ConclusionPrimary anastomosis, free nerve grafting, and vagus‐RLN anastomosis are viable options for RLN reconstruction. Patients who undergo resection and immediate reconstruction of the RLN are able to regain self‐perceived functional voices.
Efficacy and safety of 121 injections of the greater occipital nerve in episodic and chronic cluster headache
Authors: Gantenbein Andreas R , Lutz Nina J , Riederer Franz , Sándor Peter S 
Published: May 2012

Introduction: Infiltration of the greater occipital nerve (GON) with local anaesthetics and corticosteroids is a treatment option for cluster headache. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the efficacy and safety of 121 GON injections in 60 patients with episodic or chronic cluster headache over a period of 4 years. Results: Almost 80% of the infiltrations were at least partially effective (reduction of attack frequency, duration or severity) and 45% resulted in a complete response (no further attacks). The effect was maintained for 3.5 weeks on average in chronic cluster headache. In episodic cluster headache, the effect lasted for most of the bout. In 18 infiltrations, transient side effects were reported, such as local pain, steroid effects (facial oedema, sleeping disorders, acne), bradycardia or syncope. Conclusion: Our data show that GON infiltration is a valuable and safe option in the clinical setting to treat patients suffering from cluster headache, especially for the episodic form of the disorder.
Time course of the haemodynamic response to visual stimulation in migraine, measured using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Coutts Louise V , Cooper Chris E , Elwell Clare E , Wilkins Arnold J 
Published: May 2012

Background: In patients with migraine, an abnormally large haemodynamic response to epileptogenic visual stimulation has previously been observed, consistent with the hypothesis of a cortical hyperexcitability. Ophthalmic filters have been used in the treatment of migraine, and they reduce the haemodynamic response. Methods: The present study used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to characterise the haemodynamic response to a range of visual stimuli in 20 patients with migraine (15 with aura and 5 without) and paired controls in order to assess the effect of ophthalmic treatment. In an initial study, the response to three stimuli (chequerboard, and two gratings of different spatial frequency) was measured. In a second study, using the mid-spatial frequency grating as stimulus, the response was compared when precision spectral filters (PSF), grey filters or filters of control colour were worn as ophthalmic lenses. Results: In the first study the time course of the response differed between the groups. The difference was most distinct for the grating with mid-spatial frequency. In the second study the PSF broadened (normalised) the haemodynamic response in migraineurs relative to controls, consistent with fMRI BOLD findings and suggesting a physiological mechanism for their reported efficacy. In neither study were there differences in the amplitude of the response between migraine and control groups or indeed between filters. Conclusion: The time course of the functional response as measured by NIRS may be an effective tool to track therapy with PSF and explore the mechanisms of visual stress in migraine.
Characterization of headache after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lucas Sylvia , Hoffman Jeanne M , Bell Kathleen R , Walker William , Dikmen Sureyya 
Published: May 2012

Background: Headache is a common and persistent symptom following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Headaches following TBI are defined primarily by their temporal association to injury, but have no defining clinical features. To provide a framework for treatment, primary headache symptoms were used to characterize headache. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-eight participants were prospectively enrolled during acute in-patient rehabilitation for TBI. Headaches were classified into migraine/probable migraine, tension-type, or cervicogenic headache at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months following TBI. Results: Migraine was the most frequent headache type occurring in up to 38% of participants who reported headaches. Probable migraine occurred in up to 25%, tension-type headache in up to 21%, then cervicogenic headache in up to 10%. Females were more likely to have endorsed pre-injury migraine than males, and had migraine or probable migraine at all time points after injury. Those classified with migraine were more likely to have frequent headaches. Conclusions: Our data show that most headache after TBI may be classified using primary headache criteria. Migraine/probable migraine described the majority of headache after TBI across one year post-injury. Using symptom-based criteria for headache following TBI can serve as a framework from which to provide evidence-based treatment for these frequent, severe, and persistent headaches.
The Political Economy of Human Capital
Authors: Folbre Nancy 
Published: May 2012

In this paper I develop a critique of both standard neoclassical and standard Marxian conceptualizations of human capital that illustrates an important hypothesis of feminist political economy: collective conflicts based on class, gender, and age, as well as other dimensions of collective identity, affect the distribution of the costs of developing human capital. JEL codes: B50; E11; E24