bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal influence of urban groundwater recharge from stormwater infiltration basins
Authors: Foulquier Arnaud , Malard Florian , Barraud Sylvie , Gibert Janine 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGroundwater warming below cities has become a major environmental issue; but the effect of distinct local anthropogenic sources of heat on urban groundwater temperature distributions is still poorly documented. Our study addressed the local effect of stormwater infiltration on the thermal regime of urban groundwater by examining differences in water temperature beneath stormwater infiltration basins (SIB) and reference sites fed exclusively by direct infiltration of rainwater at the land surface. Stormwater infiltration dramatically increased the thermal amplitude of groundwater at event and season scales. Temperature variation at the scale of rainfall events reached 3 °C and was controlled by the interaction between runoff amount and difference in temperature between stormwater and groundwater. The annual amplitude of groundwater temperature was on average nine times higher below SIB (range: 0·9–8·6 °C) than at reference sites (range: 0–1·2 °C) and increased with catchment area of SIB. Elevated summer temperature of infiltrating stormwater (up to 21 °C) decreased oxygen solubility and stimulated microbial respiration in the soil and vadose zone, thereby lowering dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in groundwater. The net effect of infiltration on average groundwater temperature depended upon the seasonal distribution of rainfall: groundwater below large SIB warmed up (+0·4 °C) when rainfall occurred predominantly during warm seasons. The thermal effect of stormwater infiltration strongly attenuated with increasing depth below the groundwater table indicating advective heat transport was restricted to the uppermost layers of groundwater. Moreover, excessive groundwater temperature variation at event and season scales can be attenuated by reducing the size of catchment areas drained by SIB and by promoting source control drainage systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a hybrid multi‐model for peak flood forecasting
Authors: Chidthong Yupa , Tanaka Hitoshi , Supharatid Seree 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe present study aims to develop a hybrid multi‐model using the soft computing approach. The model is a combination of a fuzzy logic, artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA). While neural networks are low‐level computational structures that perform well dealing with raw data, fuzzy logic deal with reasoning on a higher level by using linguistic information acquired from domain experts. However, fuzzy systems lack the ability to learn and cannot adjust themselves to a new environment. Moreover, experts occasionally make mistakes and thus some rules used in a system may be false. A network type structure of the present hybrid model is a multi‐layer feed‐forward network, the main part is a fuzzy system based on the first‐order Sugeno fuzzy model with a fuzzification and a defuzzification processes. The consequent parameters are determined by least square method. The back‐propagation is applied to adjust weights of network. Then, the antecedent parameters of the membership function are updated accordingly by the gradient descent method. The GA was applied to select the fuzzy rule. The hybrid multi‐model was used to forecast the flood level at Chiang Mai (under the big flood 2005) and the Koriyama flood (2003) in Japan. The forecasting results are evaluated using standard global goodness of fit statistic, efficient index (EI), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the peak flood error. Moreover, the results are compared to the results of a neuro‐genetic model (NGO) and ANFIS model using the same input and output variables. It was found that the hybrid multi‐model can be used successfully with an efficiency index (EI) more than 0·95 (for Chiang Mai flood up to 12 h ahead forecasting) and more than 0·90 (for Koriyama flood up to 8 h ahead forecasting). In general, all of three models can predict the water level with satisfactory results. However, the hybrid model gave the best flood peak estimation among the three models. Therefore, the use of fuzzy rule base, which is selected by GA in the hybrid multi‐model helps to improve the accuracy of flood peak. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of climate change on the Hii River basin and salinity in Lake Shinji: a case study using the SWAT model and a regression curve
Authors: Somura H. , Arnold J. , Hoffman D. , Takeda I. , Mori Y. , Di Luzio M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe impacts of climate change on water resources were analysed for the Hii River basin and downstream Lake Shinji. The variation between saline and fresh water within these systems means that they encompass diverse ecosystems. Changes in evapotranspiration (ET), snow water equivalent, discharge into the basin, and lake salinity were determined for different climate scenarios. The impact of climate change on a brackish water clam found in the lake was then examined using simulated monthly variations of lake salinity and information from prior studies of the clam.ET increased and snow water equivalent decreased for all scenarios incorporating temperature rise, particularly during the winter season. Furthermore, ET and snow water equivalent were not as sensitive to variations in precipitation and thus temperature rise was considered to be a major factor for these variables. Nevertheless, monthly discharge volume was more influenced by variation in precipitation than variations in temperature. Discharge increased during both the summer and winter season, since precipitation contributed to river discharge instead of being stored as snow pack during the winter season. The magnitudes of salinity dilutions and concentrations predicted under the climate change scenarios would not be lethal for adult clams. However, the egg‐laying season of the clam would coincide with periods of strong salinity dilution in the lake. Since juveniles are less tolerant to changes in salinity, future generations of the clam may be affected and reproduction of the clam may be reduced by increasing precipitation in the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of neighborhood disadvantage on proactive and reactive aggression
Authors: Fite Paula J. , Wynn Porche' , Lochman John E. , Wells Karen C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe current study examined the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on proactive and reactive aggression in a sample of 126 children (66% male) identified as aggressive. Sixth‐grade proactive and reactive aggression was regressed on fifth‐grade proactive and reactive aggression, neighborhood disadvantage, gender, and race. Findings suggested that neighborhood disadvantage was a significant unique predictor of proactive but not reactive aggression. Implications for findings are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adolescents' exposure to community violence: are neighborhood youth organizations protective?
Authors: Gardner Margo , Brooks‐Gunn Jeanne 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUsing data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), we identified a significant inverse association between the variety of youth organizations available at the neighborhood level and adolescents' exposure to community violence. We examined two non‐competing explanations for this finding. First, at the individual level, we tested the hypothesis that access to a greater variety of neighborhood youth organizations predicts adolescents' participation in organized community‐based activities, which, in turn, protects against community violence exposure. Second, at the neighborhood level, we tested the hypothesis that lower violent crime rates explain the inverse relation between neighborhood youth organization variety and community violence exposure. Our findings supported the latter of these two mechanisms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of connective tissue invaded by Lewis lung carcinoma to healthy connective tissue by means of micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Cluff Garnet M. , Short Michael A. , Lui Harvey , McLean David I. , Zeng Haishan , Korbelik Mladen , Chen Michael X. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have measured the micro‐Raman spectra of mouse tissues invaded by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). We have also carried out categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) on the acquired spectra. The results indicate that the tumor tissues can be well discriminated from normal tissues by the first two principal components extracted from the spectra. Furthermore, we have found that the concentrations of nucleic acids and lipids/fatty acids in the tumor are considerably higher than those in the normal tissue, whereas the collagen concentration is lower. These differences can be detected and characterized by Raman images using the 788 cm−1 DNA/RNA band and the 1301 cm−1 lipid/fatty acid band. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonfouling Polypeptide Brushes via Surface‐initiated Polymerization of Nε‐oligo(ethylene glycol)succinate‐L‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride
Authors: Wang Jing , Gibson Matthew I. , Barbey Raphaël , Xiao Shou‐Jun , Klok Harm‐Anton 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis contribution describes the preparation of nonfouling polypeptide brushes via surface‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) modified L‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydrides. Circular dichroism experiments indicated that these surface‐anchored polypeptide chains assume an α‐helical conformation, which does not change between pH 4 and 9. Furthermore, nonspecific adsorption of fluorescent labeled bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen on glass slides modified with these brushes was greatly reduced compared to unmodified glass substrates.magnified image
Three and four dimensional ultrasound: a novel method for evaluating fetal cardiac anomalies
Authors: Gindes L. , Hegesh J. , Weisz B. , Gilboa Y. , Achiron R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the role of various new models of 3‐ and 4‐dimensional (3D and 4D) ultrasound (US) applications in prenatal assessment of fetal cardiac anomalies.MethodsVolume data sets of 81 fetuses with fetal cardiac anomalies, as previously diagnosed by 2D US, were acquired by 3D and cine 4D using spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) software. Various additional rendering tools were applied. Color, power, high definition Doppler and B‐flow were added to the volumes acquired. A retrospective offline analysis of the cardiac defects was performed.ResultsThe mean gestational age at diagnosis was 24 weeks (range 13–38); 128 anomalies were detected and were classified into the following categories: I, Situs anomalies in 8 cases; II, abnormal four‐chamber view in 63 cases; III, outflows tract anomalies in 27 cases; IV, arches anomalies in 21 cases; and V, veins anomalies in 9 cases. Rendering tools differed in each groups of anomalies.ConclusionsFetal cardiac anomalies can be evaluated adequately by the information gained by 3D and 4D volumes obtained by STIC. Since no single module is sufficiently accurate for the diagnosis of all cardiac anomalies, each of the cardiac anomaly categories requires different and appropriate module of visualization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of fetal echocardiography in postnatal management of infants with prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease
Authors: Berkley Eliza M. F. , Goens M. Beth , Karr Sharon , Rappaport Valerie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveCongenital heart disease (CHD) remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the success of fetal echocardiography (FECHO) in guiding delivery management in pregnancies complicated by CHD.MethodsCases with CHD diagnosed by prenatal FECHO performed at a single institution from January 2000 to June 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. The accuracy of prenatal diagnosis and the appropriateness of proposed care plans based on FECHO were compared to postnatal care plans based on neonatal echocardiograms (NECHOs).ResultsOf the 72 mother–infant pairs with prenatally diagnosed CHD, 53 underwent NECHO. Overall, the FECHO diagnosis matched the NECHO diagnosis in 50 out of 53 cases (94.3%). The NECHO added diagnostic or functional information in 6 of the 53 FECHO cases. Three of these were minor and would not have resulted in a significant change of delivery plans. The other three were major findings and would have resulted in a revision of delivery planning. Overall, 96% of the delivery plans based on FECHO agreed with the delivery plans based on NECHO.ConclusionFetal echocardiography has a high correlation with postnatal and neonatal echocardiographic findings. Delivery management plans may be based on fetal echocardiogram diagnoses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traditional Chinese medicine Bak Foong Pills alters uterine quiescence – Possible role in alleviation of dysmenorrhoeal symptoms
Authors: Rowlands Dewi Kenneth , Cui Yu Gui , Wong Hau Yan , Gou Yu Lin , Chan Hsiao Chang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSince contractility of the uterus appears to be the major source of pain during dysmenorrhoea, alleviation of the contractions is believed to be a possible treatment strategy. Bak Foong Pills, a traditional Chinese formulation for use in gynaecological disorders, has long been thought as effective in the treatment of dysmenorrhoeal symptoms. The present study thus aims to investigate whether ethanol extract of Bak Foong Pills (BFP‐Ex) or its constituent herbs may have direct effects on alleviating dysmenorrhoeal symptoms by altering uterine tone. This was investigated using isolated uterine preparations and intracellular messenger analysis of adenylate cyclase, via [3H]‐adenine assay, and calcium, with fluorometry imaging, in myometrial cultures. BFP‐Ex can stimulate uterine relaxation following oxytocin‐induced contractionsex‐vivo. Attempted inhibition of BFP‐Ex's relaxatory response with a nitric oxide inhibitor and adenylate cyclase inhibitor, however, had no significant effect, suggesting that most of BFP‐Ex's relaxatory response was not due to increases in NO or cAMP. Further studies on tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a major active ingredient of BFP‐Ex, indicated that TMP could modulate intracellular calcium levels in favour of uteri relaxation. The ability of Bak Foong Pills to alleviate menstrual pain may be due to direct regulation of uterine tone.
Relations of parenting style to Chinese children's effortful control, ego resilience, and maladjustment
Authors: Eisenberg Nancy , Chang Lei , Ma Yue , Huang Xiaorui 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the relations of authoritative parenting and corporal punishment to Chinese first and second graders' effortful control (EC), impulsivity, ego resilience, and maladjustment, as well as mediating relations. A parent and teacher reported on children's EC, impulsivity, and ego resilience; parents reported on children's internalizing symptoms and their own parenting, and teachers and peers reported on children's externalizing symptoms. Authoritative parenting and low corporal punishment predicted high EC, and EC mediated the relation between parenting and externalizing problems. In addition, impulsivity mediated the relation of corporal punishment to externalizing problems. The relation of parenting to children's ego resilience was mediated by EC and/or impulsivity, and ego resilience mediated the relations of EC and impulsivity to internalizing problems.
The emerging sex difference in adolescent depression: Interacting contributions of puberty and peer stress
Authors: Conley Colleen S. , Rudolph Karen D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis research investigated the developmentalstages(pubertal status) andcontexts(early or late timing relative to peers, and a context of stressful versus supportive peer relationships) in which the sex difference in depression unfolds. A sample of 158 youth (ages 9.6–14.8) and their caregivers provided information at two waves, 1 year apart, on puberty, peer stress, and depression. Pubertal status and timing (actual and perceived) interacted with sex to predict depression. Sex differences in depression were evident at particular levels of pubertal status and timing, both actual and perceived. Depression was associated with more mature pubertal status and early timing (both actual and perceived) in girls, but with less mature pubertal status and late timing (actual and perceived) in boys. These patterns held concurrently, and often over time, particularly in a context of stressful peer relationships (peer stress moderated sex-differentiated associations between puberty and depression). Of note, there were no significant sex differences in depression at any particular age. Thus, this research highlights important distinctions among the contributions of age, pubertal status, pubertal timing, and perceived timing to the sex difference in adolescent depression. More broadly, these findings contribute to our growing understanding of the interactions among physical, social, and psychological processes involved in the sex difference in adolescent depression.
A NOTE ON THE FREIMAN AND BALOG–SZEMERÉDI–GOWERS THEOREMS IN FINITE FIELDS
Authors: GREEN BEN , TAO TERENCE 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe prove quantitative versions of the Balog–Szemerédi–Gowers and Freiman theorems in the model case of a finite field geometry 𝔽2n, improving the previously known bounds in such theorems. For instance, if $A \subseteq \mathbb {F}_2^n$ is such that ∣A+A∣≤K∣A∣ (thus A has small additive doubling), we show that there exists an affine subspace H of 𝔽2n of cardinality $|H| \gg K^{-O(\sqrt {K})} |A|$ such that $|A \cap H| \geq (2K)^{-1} |H|$. Under the assumption that A contains at least ∣A∣3/K quadruples with a1+a2+a3+a4=0, we obtain a similar result, albeit with the slightly weaker condition ∣H∣≫K−O(K)∣A∣.
Variable slope normalization of reverse phase protein arrays
Authors: Neeley E. Shannon , Kornblau Steven M. , Coombes Kevin R. , Baggerly Keith A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) measure the relative expression levels of a protein in many samples simultaneously. A set of identically spotted arrays can be used to measure the levels of more than one protein. Protein expression within each sample on an array is estimated by borrowing strength across all the samples, but using only within array information. When comparing across slides, it is essential to account for sample loading, the total amount of protein printed per sample. Currently, total protein is estimated using either a housekeeping protein or the sample median across all slides. When the variability in sample loading is large, these methods are suboptimal because they do not account for the fact that the protein expression for each slide is estimated separately.
Results: We propose a new normalization method for RPPA data, called variable slope (VS) normalization, that takes into account that quantification of RPPA slides is performed separately. This method is better able to remove loading bias and recover true correlation structures between proteins.
Availability: Code to implement the method in the statistical package R and anonymized data are available at http://bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/supplements.html.
Contact: sneeley@stats.byu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ballistic Delivery of Dyes for Structural and Functional Studies of the Nervous System: Figure 1.
Authors: Gan Wen-Biao , Grutzendler Jaime , Wong Rachel O. , Lichtman Jeff W. 
Published: April 2009

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes detailed procedures for rapid labeling of cells in a variety of preparations by means of particle-mediated ballistic (i.e., Gene Gun) delivery of fluorescent dyes. The method has been used for rapid labeling of cells with either lipid- or water-soluble dyes, in a variety of preparations at different ages. Tissue preparations include fixed mouse brain slices (described here), cell cultures, and tissue explants. This ballistic labeling technique is useful for studying neuronal connectivity, function, and pathology in the nervous system of living as well as fixed specimens.
Prevalence of mental health problems among children placed in out‐of‐home care in Denmark
Authors: Egelund Tine , Lausten Mette 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper concerns the prevalence of mental health problems among children in family foster and residential care within a Danish context. All children, born in Denmark in 1995, who are or formerly have been placed in out‐of‐home care (n= 1072), are compared with a group of vulnerable children of the same age, subjected to child protection interventions but living at home (n= 1457, referred to as the ‘in home care children’), and to all contemporaries who are not child protection clients (n= 71 321, referred to as the ‘non‐welfare children’). Prevalence data are established on the basis of national administrative register data, including data on psychiatric diagnoses of the children, and on survey data scoring children in out‐of‐home care, in home care children, and non‐welfare children by means of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results show that 20% of children in out‐of‐home care have at least one psychiatric diagnosis compared to 3% of the non‐welfare children. Almost half of the children in care (48%) are, furthermore, scored within the abnormal range of SDQ, compared to 5% of the non‐welfare children.
Evidence‐based intervention and services for high‐risk youth: a North American perspective on the challenges of integration for policy, practice and research
Authors: Whittaker James K. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the cross‐national challenges of integrating evidence‐based interventions into existing services for high‐resource‐using children and youth. Using several North American model programme exemplars that have demonstrated efficacy, the paper explores multiple challenges confronting policy‐makers, evaluation researchers and practitioners who seek to enhance outcomes for troubled children and youth and improve overall service effectiveness. The paper concludes with practical implications for youth and family professionals, researchers, service agencies and policy–makers, with particular emphasis on possibilities for cross‐national collaboration.