bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic cervical length measurement in pregnant women with a cervical pessary
Authors: Goya M. , Pratcorona L. , Higueras T. , Perez‐Hoyos S. , Carreras E. , Cabero L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to describe and assess the feasibility of measuring cervical length by standard transvaginal sonography (TVS) and transperineal sonography (TPS) in women with a cervical pessary and compare these measurements with those obtained with a new transvaginal technique.MethodsMeasurement of cervical length by TPS was attempted immediately before measurement using TVS in 48 women with a cervical pessary at between 22 and 23 weeks' gestation. The TVS procedure consisted of two types of measurement: in the first, the probe was placed on the anterior fornix (standard technique) and in the second, the probe was inserted into the pessary to touch the anterior cervical lip (new technique). Two physicians consecutively performed these procedures and compared the measurements obtained. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% CI were used to evaluate interobserver reliability, and Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess interobserver agreement.ResultsIn total, 258 measurements (obtained from 43 women) were analyzed. Interobserver ICCs of the measurements obtained were 0.58 (95% CI, 0.34–0.75) for TPS, 0.65 (95% CI, 0.44–0.79) for the standard TVS technique and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.98) for the new TVS technique. Bland–Altman analysis showed small mean differences between measurements obtained by two physicians for the three methods, but with narrower limits of agreements (LOA) for the new TVS technique: TPS mean difference − 0.99 mm (95% LOA, − 13.23 to 11.25 mm), standard TVS technique mean difference − 0.23 mm (95% LOA, − 10.90 to 10.44 mm) and new TVS technique mean difference − 0.01 mm (95% LOA, − 2.57 to 2.55 mm). It was apparent from the images obtained that the external os was not visible in 89% of cases when either the TPS or standard TVS technique was used. However, the external os was visible in all cases when the new TVS method was used.ConclusionsWe propose a new technique for measuring and monitoring cervical length in women with a cervical pessary that provides improved visualization of the cervix and increased reliability in comparison to established techniques. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Handedness in the Helsinki Ultrasound Trial
Authors: Heikkilä K. , Vuoksimaa E. , Oksava K. , Saari‐Kemppainen A. , Iivanainen M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether exposure to prenatal ultrasound increases non‐right‐handedness in boys.MethodsThe association between exposure to prenatal ultrasound and handedness was tested, using logistic regression analysis, in the Helsinki Ultrasound Trial data. We applied an intention‐to‐treat approach in this analysis of a subset of 4150 subjects whose parents answered a follow‐up questionnaire on handedness when the children were aged 13–15 years.ResultsThe odds ratio for non‐right‐handedness of children who had been exposed to prenatal ultrasound was 1.16 (0.98–1.37) for all subjects, 1.12 (0.89–1.41) for boys and 1.24 (0.97–1.58) for girls.ConclusionsWe could not confirm the hypothesis that prenatal ultrasound exposure and handedness are associated. Our findings were independent of the particular definition of handedness used, whether it was considered according to the writing hand alone or defined using a laterality quotient. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing the redeployment problem of mobile wireless sensor networksviageographic models
Authors: Ko Ren‐Song 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYSince sensor networks integrate virtual and physical worlds, spatial deployment of sensor nodes may have a significant impact on operation costs and performance. This paper investigates the problem of redeploying mobile sensor networks, in which the objective is to design an efficient algorithm which optimizes the global performance of networks. We take a novel approach in analyzing the problem from a macroscopic perspective, modeling the sensor deployment as a density distribution and the redeployment algorithm as an integral transform of that distribution. Despite lacking the details for individual node, we may still derive insightful results, such as number of moves, stability, and transitional behavior. We also derive the bound of total moving distance difference between an arbitrary one‐move algorithm and the optimum redeployment algorithm, allowing for the estimation of the minimum moving distance from the initial deployment region. In summary, we present an theoretical analysis of the redeployment problem from a macroscopic perspective, and believe the results can serve as a basis for further algorithm development and analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensible Sensitivities for the SABR Model
Authors: Chibane Messaoud , Miao Hong , Xu Chenghai 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe develop a new methodology for computing smile sensitivities (Vegas) for European securities priced under the SABR model when the latter is calibrated to more market volatilities than the number of available model parameters. In this situation the hedging portfolio is non unique and how to obtain Vegas that satisfy a trader's intuition is not straightforward. The methodology can be easily generalized to all single maturity underparameterized models and to barrier options priced under an underparameterized local volatility model. Copyright © 2011 Wilmott Magazine Ltd.
Home care treatment as a substitute for hospitalization: The Louisville experiment
Authors: Dinitz Simon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe President's Commission on Mental Health in its 1978 final report urges more reliance on “community supports”—family, friends, neighbors, schools, and voluntary organizations. While a laudable objective, the achieving of such supports is only slightly more probable than getting a river to run backwards. The problem and the solution are thoroughly confused in the Commission's recommendations.
Rec10‐ and Rec12‐independent recombination in meiosis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Mallela Shamroop , Latypov Vitaly , Kohli Jürg 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Rec10 protein, a component of the linear elements forming along sister chromatids in meiotic prophase of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, plays an important role in the activation of Rec12 for double‐strand break formation, and thus the initiation of recombination between homologous chromosomes. Recombination between homologous chromosomes was moderately reduced in homozygous crosses of the C‐terminal truncation mutant rec10‐155 and strongly in the full deletion allele rec10‐175. Both alleles were also tested in two assays for intrachromosomal recombination (PS1 and VL1) and showed only slight reductions, while deletion of rec12 led to a 13‐fold reduction. The even stronger reductions in rec10 rec12 double deletion crosses indicate partially redundant functions of Rec10 and Rec12 in the initiation of intrachromosomal recombination. A low level of double‐strand breaks has been detected in rec10‐175 meiosis at the mbs1 hotspot of recombination, and spore viability in the double mutant was also lower than in the single‐deletion mutants. Low levels of apparent crossover and conversion between homologous chromosomes in the absence of Rec12 have been quantified using a newly developed assay. The results also indicate that the functions of Rec10 differ in several respects from those of its distant homologue Red1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including interactions with Hop1 and Mek1 for promotion of recombination between homologues at the expense of sister chromatid recombination. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of Novel Cobalt(II) and Copper(II) Complexes with 5‐(Isonicotinamido)isophthalate Ligand
Authors: Deng Xiu‐Jun , Gu Wen , Wang Li , Zeng Ling‐Fei , Liu Xin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo new complexes, {[Co(INAIP)·H2O]·2H2O}n (1), and {[Cu(INAIP)]·H2O}n (2) [H2INAIP = 5‐(isonicotinamido)isophthalic acid] were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction, and magnetic studies. In complex 1 both CoII atoms and INAIP2– ligands act as four‐connected node, whereas in 2 both CuII atoms and INAIP2– ligands act as three‐connected node.
Divorce as risky behavior
Authors: Light Audrey , Ahn Taehyun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGiven that divorce often represents a high-stakes income gamble, we ask how individual levels of risk tolerance affect the decision to divorce. We extend the orthodox divorce model by assuming that individuals are risk averse, that marriage is risky, and that divorce is even riskier. The model predicts that conditional on the expected gains to marriage and divorce, the probability of divorce increases with relative risk tolerance because risk averse individuals require compensation for the additional risk that is inherent in divorce. To implement the model empirically, we use data for first-married women and men from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to estimate a probit model of divorce in which a measure of risk tolerance is among the covariates. The estimates reveal that a 1-point increase in risk tolerance raises the predicted probability of divorce by 4.3% for a representative man and by 11.4% for a representative woman. These findings are consistent with the notion that divorce entails a greater income gamble for women than for men.
Do siblings’ fertility decisions influence each other?
Authors: Lyngstad Torkild Hovde , Prskawetz Alexia 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Individuals’ fertility decisions are shaped not only by their own characteristics and life course paths but also by social interaction with others. However, in practice, it is difficult to disentangle the role of social interaction from other factors, such as individual and family background variables. We measure social interaction through the cross-sibling influences on fertility. Continuous-time hazard models are estimated separately for women’s first and second births. In addition to individual socioeconomic variables, demographic variables, and an unobserved factor specific to each sibling pair, siblings’ birth events and their timing enter as time-varying covariates. We use data from longitudinal population-wide Norwegian administrative registers. The data cover more than 110,000 sibling pairs and include the siblings’ fertility, education, income, and marital histories. Our results indicate that cross-sibling influences are relatively strong for the respondents’ first births but weak for the second parity transition.
Family life course transitions and rural Household economy during China’s market reform
Authors: Chen Feinian , Korinek Kim 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of family life course transitions on labor allocation strategies in rural Chinese households. We highlight three types of economic activity that involve reallocation of household labor oriented toward a more diversified, nonfarm rural economy: involvement in wage employment, household entrepreneurship, and/or multiple activities that span economic sectors. With the use of data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS 1997, 2000, and 2004), our longitudinal analyses of rural household economic activity point to the significance of household demography, life course transitions, and local economic structures as factors facilitating household labor reallocation. First, as expected, a relatively youthful household structure is conducive to innovative economic behavior. Second, household entrances and exits are significant, but their impacts are not equal. Life events such as births, deaths, marriage, or leaving home for school or employment affect household economy in distinctive ways. Finally, the reallocations of household labor undertaken by households are shaped by local economic structures: in particular, the extent of village-level entrepreneurial activity, off-farm employment, and out-migration.
Kinship institutions and sex ratios in India
Authors: Chakraborty Tanika , Kim Sukkoo 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between kinship institutions and sex ratios in India at the turn of the twentieth century. Because kinship rules vary by caste, language, religion, and region, we construct sex ratios by these categories at the district level by using data from the 1901 Census of India for Punjab (North), Bengal (East), and Madras (South). We find that the male-to-female sex ratio varied positively with caste rank, fell as one moved from the North to the East and then to the South, was higher for Hindus than for Muslims, and was higher for northern Indo-Aryan speakers than for the southern Dravidian-speaking people. We argue that these systematic patterns in the data are consistent with variations in the institution of family, kinship, and inheritance.
Unhealthy and uninsured: Exploring racial differences in health and health insurance coverage using a life table approach
Authors: Kirby James B. , Kaneda Toshiko 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Millions of people in the United States do not have health insurance, and wide racial and ethnic disparities exist in coverage. Current research provides a limited description of this problem, focusing on the number or proportion of individuals without insurance at a single time point or for a short period. Moreover, the literature provides no sense of the joint risk of being uninsured and in need of medical care. In this article, we use a life table approach to calculate health- and insurance-specific life expectancies for whites and blacks, thereby providing estimates of the duration of exposure to different insurance and health states over a typical lifetime. We find that, on average, Americans can expect to spend well over a decade without health insurance during a typical lifetime and that 40% of these years are spent in less-healthy categories. Findings also reveal a significant racial gap: despite their shorter overall life expectancy, blacks have a longer uninsured life expectancy than whites, and this racial gap consists entirely of less-healthy years. Racial disparities in insurance coverage are thus likely more severe than indicated by previous research.
Going home after Hurricane Katrina: Determinants of return migration and changes in affected areas
Authors: Groen Jeffrey A. , Polivka Anne E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article examines the decision of Hurricane Katrina evacuees to return to their pre-Katrina areas and documents how the composition of the Katrina-affected region changed over time. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we show that an evacuee’s age, family income, and the severity of damage in an evacuee’s county of origin are important determinants of whether an evacuee returned during the first year after the storm. Blacks were less likely to return than whites, but this difference is primarily related to the geographical pattern of storm damage rather than to race per se. The difference between the composition of evacuees who returned and the composition of evacuees who did not return is the primary force behind changes in the composition of the affected areas in the first two years after the storm. Katrina is associated with substantial shifts in the racial composition of the affected areas (namely, a decrease in the percentage of residents who are black) and an increasing presence of Hispanics. Katrina is also associated with an increase in the percentage of older residents, a decrease in the percentage of residents with low income/education, and an increase in the percentage of residents with high income/education.
The spatial dynamics of stratification: Metropolitan context, population redistribution, and black and Hispanic homeownership
Authors: Flippen Chenoa A. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Racial and ethnic inequality in homeownership remains stubbornly wide, even net of differences across groups in household-level sociodemographic characteristics. This article investigates the role of contextual forces in structuring disparate access to homeownership among minorities. Specifically, I combine household- and metropolitan-level census data to assess the impact of metropolitan housing stock, minority composition, and residential segregation on black and Hispanic housing tenure. The measure of minority composition combines both the size and rate of growth of the coethnic population to assess the impact on homeownership inequality of recent trends in population redistribution, particularly the increase in black migration to the South and dramatic dispersal of Hispanics outside traditional areas of settlement. Results indicate remarkable similarity between blacks and Hispanics with respect to the spatial and contextual influences on homeownership. For both groups, homeownership is higher and inequality with whites is smaller in metropolitan areas with an established coethnic base and in areas in which their group is less residentially segregated. Implications of recent trends in population redistribution for the future of minority homeownership are discussed.
The effect of posterior spinal releases on axial correction torque: A cadaver study
Authors: Wiemann John , Durrani Shakeel , Bosch Patrick 
Published: February 2011

Purpose Posterior only approaches for spinal deformity are increasingly popular and posterior spinal release is utilized to gain flexibility for correctional maneuvers. Prior biomechanical data support the use of facetectomy and rib head resection for gaining flexibility in the sagittal and coronal planes but to date there has been no quantification of stiffness reduction provided by these techniques for axial correction through a pedicle screw construct. We sought to determine the contribution of posterior spinal releases (facetectomy, rib head resection) on axial plane stiffness. Methods Four fresh-frozen human cadavers were instrumented with fixed angle pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. The torque needed to produce 25° axial deflections at individual spinal segments (levels T5–T11) was measured using a custom needle deflection torque device attached to commercially available vertebral rotating construct. After the intact specimen was tested, torque measurements were repeated following a full facetectomy and posterior rib head resection Results Complete facetectomy resulted in an 18% decrease of torque needed to produce 25° of axial deformity compared to the intact specimen ( P < 0.001). Rib resection added an additional 36% decrease in torque ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Complete facetectomies (Ponte or Smith-Petersen osteotomies) decrease the force required to rotate spinal segments with respect to the axial plane by approximately one-fifth. Posterior rib head resection should be considered to further loosen the spine if additional axial correction is desired.
Low rather than high dose lipopolysaccharide ‘priming’ of muscle provides an animal model of persistent elevated mechanical sensitivity for the study of chronic pain
Authors: Yamaguchil Yoshiko , Hashimoto Tatsuyuki , Sakurai Hiroki , Yoshimoto Takahiko , Ohmichi Yusuke , Morimoto Atsuko , Harimoto Kohei , Ohmichi Mika , Eguchi Kunihiro , Kumazawa Takao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractExperimental animal pain models involving peripheral nerve lesions have expanded the understanding of the pathological changes caused by nerve damage. However models for the pathogenesis of chronic pain patients lacking obvious nerve injuries have not been developed to the same extent. Guided by clinical observations, we focused on the initiating noxious event, the context when applying nociceptive stimulation targeting long‐lasting pain elicited by muscle insult. The administration of a nociceptive agent (6% hypertonic saline: HS; 5‐time repeated‐injection: HS5) after pretreatment with an immuno‐inflammatory agent (lipopolysaccharide: LPS, 2μg/kg) into one gastrocnemius muscle produced markedly long‐persisting biphasic sustained mechanical hypersensitivity on the plantar surface of both hindpaws. In the acute phase, the blockade of afferent inputs from the injected‐site was effective in returning the contralateral enhanced‐responses to baseline levels. In contrast, similar blockade during the chronic phase did not affect the contralateral enhanced‐responses, indicating that the hypersensitivity in the two phases was probably induced by different mechanisms. However, increasing the dose of LPS (20μg/kg) before applying HS5 eliminated the development of mechanical hypersensitivity in the chronic phase, while the hypersensitivity in the acute phase was significantly more severe than with low‐dose LPS‐pretreatment. In this model, the development of hypersensitivity could be modulated by manipulating LPS‐doses prior to noxious stimulation. This novel chronic pain model based on a preceding ‘priming’ myalgic stimulus provides an intriguing means for studying the pathogenesis of chronic pain.
The burden of mental disorders in primary care
Authors: Grandes G. , Montoya I. , Arietaleanizbeaskoa M.S. , Arce V. , Sanchez A. ,   on behalf of the MAS group
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo describe and compare the prevalence of mental disorders across primary care populations, and estimate their impact on quality of life.MethodsCross-sectional multilevel analysis of a systematic sample of 2539 attendees to eight primary care centres in different regions of Spain, assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 1.1), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire and the SF-6D utility index.ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of any mental disorder was 23% (95% confidence interval: 21–24%), 10% had mood, 9% anxiety, 5% organic, 4% somatoform, and 1% alcohol use disorders, with a significant between-centre variability (P < 0.001). People with mental disorders had one standard deviation lower mental quality of life than the general population. We estimated that 1831 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) are lost annually per 100,000 patients due to mental disorders, without considering mortality. Mood disorders have the worst impact with an annual loss of 1124 QALYs per 100,000 patients, excluding mortality (95% confidence interval: 912–1351).ConclusionsPrevalence rates were similar to those obtained in international studies using the same diagnostic instrument and, given the significant between-centre variability found, it is recommended that mental health statistics be considered at small area level. Mental disorders, and especially mood disorders, are associated with very poor quality of life and higher scores on disability indexes than other common chronic conditions.