bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legislative regulation of criminal liability of judges for passing an unjust or illegal judgement
Authors: Bohdanevych T. , Bzova L. 
Published: April 2024

The article provides an analysis of the legislative regulation of criminal prosecution of judges for making a deliberately unlawful decision or in violation of procedural law. International standards on of criminal liability of judges and judicial immunity, as well as judicial decision, and generalized approaches of legislators of other states to criminalization of rendering an unjust, illegal and/or unreasonable or biased judgement, and for comparison and other acts related to the performance of judicial duties. The article examines the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding the legality and validity of a court decision. A court decision is based on the principles of the rule of law, it must be made by a court in accordance with the substantive law and in compliance with the procedural law, and must meet the objectives of the relevant legal proceedings, but if it is made on the basis of insufficiently and comprehensively clarified circumstances, then it is an unreasonable court decision that is not deliberately unjust.
The study was also based on the case law of national and international courts. The issue of interpretation of “criminal liability” was based on the study of the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Compliance with the procedural procedure for bringing judges to criminal liability contributes to the observance of guarantees of their inviolability and independence, plays an important role in the resolution of criminal proceedings on the merits and is a prerequisite for observance of the general principles of criminal proceedings and the delivery of a lawful, reasoned and motivated court decision.
The article highlights that the concepts of “injustice”, “illegality” and “unreasonableness” are not synonymous and have different procedural content.
The right to freedom of movement during a wartime
Authors: Malesh P. V. 
Published: April 2024

The right to freedom of movement is a fundamental human right, which is accepted as the ability of everyone to move and freely choose their place of residence, freely leave any country, including their own. In the conditions of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, there is a need to reconsider the permanent approaches to understanding the essence of this right and its key aspects.
It was determined that the consequences of the full-scale invasion became a trigger for one of the most massive migration flows from Ukraine to other states, in particular to the countries of the European Union. This has caused a certain easing in the aspect of the procedure for traveling abroad and has permitted people to leave Ukraine without documents for traveling abroad.
It is justified that the right to freedom of movement is not absolute and, accordingly, may be subject to restrictions, which, nevertheless, must meet the requirements of legality, proportionality of such restrictions, and the legitimacy of their purpose. Thus, freedom of movement may be restricted, in particular, in territories where a state of war or emergency has been imposed, as well as in temporarily occupied territories. It was established that in order to prevent the violation of the right to freedom of movement, a number of measures are taken, including, in particular, the inspection of regulatory legal acts for the presence of corruption risks, which is carried out by the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption.
It has been analyzed that possible violations of the right to freedom of movement, in particular cases of forced relocation of Ukrainian citizens to the territory of the aggressor state, may constitute crimes punishable by the International Criminal Court. It was determined that there is a need to reclassify such acts from a crime against humanity to a crime of genocide in view of the focus of the aggressor state on the concrete and intentional destruction of the Ukrainian national group.
International legal protection of the environment from criminal acts during armed conflicts
Authors: Dmitriyev Yu. Ye. 
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to revealing the state of legal provision for the international legal protection of the environment from criminal acts during armed conflicts. Attention is drawn to the fact that international legal obligations of states regarding environmental protection during armed conflict are only contained in a few environmental treaties, but simultaneously in special agreements that are applicable in the presence of armed conflict and are sources of international humanitarian law. It is noted that from the general principles of the impact of war on international treaties, it follows that the termination of an international treaty at the onset of war is an exception to the rules, not a mandatory act. According to Articles 61 and 62 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969 regarding impossibility of performance and fundamental change of circumstances, it is established that war is not a basis for the automatic termination of treaty obligations, including environmental ones, by the parties to the conflict who have become parties in peacetime, which is also stated in the Draft Articles on the Impact of Armed Conflicts on Treaties of 2011 prepared by the UN International Law Commission, which includes a reference to a provisional list of treaties whose subject matter implies that they continue to apply during armed conflict, among them – treaties on international environmental protection.
The standpoint regarding the necessity of developing a codified international instrument, which would consolidate the currently disparate provisions for regulating environmental protection issues in conditions of armed conflict, compensation for damage caused, etc., as a source of international environmental law, is supported. It would also address existing problems in legal application, such as the narrow and imprecise definition of the threshold level criteria required to prove environmental damage during armed conflict.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU PICKY EATER DAN DURASI TIDUR DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN PADA BALITA
Authors: Putri Salsabila Ratyana , Chondro Fransisca 
Published: April 2024

In toddlerhood, children begin to understand the concept of autonomy so they start to choose things they like, one of which is the behavior of choosing food, namely picky eaters. If the nutritional intake is less varied, there’s a possibility that the child won’t get sufficient nutrition that support the development process. In addition to nutritional intake, responsive parenting is essential in meeting children's needs, such as adequate sleep time. Sleep in children facilitates the maturation and repair of body cell functions, including brain cells and hormones that play a role in development. This study used a cross-sectional study design using primary data from 138 toddlers in the Posyandu of Tanjung Duren Utara Village. Assessment of picky eater behavior using the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), sleep duration using the average questionnaire of sleep duration and child development using the Indonesian pre-screening developmental questionnaire, Kuesioner Pra-Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP). Analysis of bivariate data using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05. Among the 138 respondents, it was found that the majority had picky eater behavior, namely 93 (67.4%) children, 73.2% children have an adequate sleep duration, and 57.2% children have appropriate development. The relationship between picky eater behavior and development through statistical tests obtained a p = 0.035 (p <0.05) and between sleep duration and development p=0.298 (p>0.05). There is a relationship between picky eater behavior and development in toddlers and no relationship between sleep duration and results in toddlers.
Crossflow Instability on a Swept Fin–Cone with Variable Nose Bluntness in Mach 6 Flow
Authors: Middlebrooks John Benjamin , Peck Madeline McMillan , Farnan Emma Lilian , Matlis Eric , Juliano Thomas J. , Corke Thomas C. , Mullen Daniel , Reed Helen , Semper Michael T. 
Published: April 2024

Experiments and computational analysis have been conducted to study instabilities in the boundary layer over a swept fin–cone geometry in hypersonic flow. Experiments were carried out at the United States Air Force Academy’s Mach 6 Ludwieg Tube. Infrared thermography was employed to assess the surface temperature distribution, particularly the thermal striations on the fin that indicated a crossflow-dominated transition. Increasing the unit Reynolds number increased heating and moved the crossflow-transition front closer to the fin leading edge. Stability analysis based on the linear parabolized stability equations identified unstable stationary crossflow modes across the range of tested unit Reynolds numbers, and the most amplified disturbances were found to have wavelengths of 2–4 mm. The experimentally observed thermal striations were analyzed and found to have initial wavelengths of 2–5 mm but eventually formed higher-amplitude structures with a wavelength of approximately 10 mm. Discrete roughness elements of different diameters and spacings were implemented near the fin leading edge. Boundary-layer transition onset was found to be delayed with a subsequent lowering of the fin surface heating, with discrete roughness elements having a wavelength of 13.33 mm.
Impact of Maternal Viral Suppression on Growth Patterns for HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants in Kenya
Authors: Magerko Katherine , Humphrey John , Songok Julia , Musick Beverly , Alera Joy Marsha , Kipchumba Bett , Kosgei Wycliffe , Mwangi Winfred , Yang Kara , Wools-Kaloustian Ziyi , McHenry Megan S. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective
Children born to mothers living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for poor health outcomes but data characterizing these associations are limited. Our objective was to determine the impact of maternal viral suppression on growth patterns and malnutrition for infants who are HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of clinical data for infants who were HEU and their mothers (September 2015 – March 2019) in Kenya. Infants were stratified based on maternal viral suppression status (≥ or <1000 copies/mL); t-tests were used to compare groups. Growth indicators were evaluated with Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and area under the curve. Moderate-to-severe underweight status, stunting, and wasting were defined by weight-for-age (WFA), height-for-age (HFA), and weight-for-height (WFH), z-scores ≤2, and were used to define malnutrition. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate potential associations with malnutrition indicators between WFH and HFA.

Results
Among 674 infants who were HEU, 48.7% were male and 85.0% had mothers who were virally suppressed. The median age at first and last clinic visits was 1.5 and 16.4 months, respectively. WFA and HFA z-scores over time differed by sex, and WFA and HFA differed based on maternal viral suppression (P < 0.05). Male infants had higher adjusted odds for stunted status, and as children aged, they had slightly increased odds of becoming underweight or stunted. Maternal viral suppression and timing of maternal antiretroviral therapy initiation in relation to the prevention of vertical transmission (PVT) enrollment did not significantly affect malnutrition indicators.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications
Maternal viral suppression status was not associated with increased odds of more severe malnutrition indicators in children who were HEU. However, overall growth patterns over time, measured by z-scores of growth indicators, did differ based on maternal viral suppression status, and to a lesser degree, by gender.
COST ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSION BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION IN KALIMANTAN BARAT PROVINCE
Authors: Yasin Usman , Elvira Elvira , Lusiana Lusiana , Herwani Herwani 
Published: April 2024

The successful implementation of a job begins with the determination of a reliable estimation value. One of the models used in determining the estimated value of a job, using data from the cost budget plan (RAB) on work that has been carried out, is the Cost Significant Model. In this study, the data used were five suspension bridge construction jobs starting from 2018 to 2022. the data obtained from the RAB is processed into independent variables and dependent variables, which are then tested using multiple linear regression methods using the SPSS application. Based on the results of the analysis, the influential variables are X2, namely Bridge Oprit Work; X4, namely Upper Building Work (Transportation and Installation of Truss Bridges); and X5, namely Lower Building Work (Angkur Block Work, Pyilon Foundations, Wind Ties) with a total weight of 85.30%. By using the equation Y = -21,640,343,680,000 + (1,856,843,372 x X2) + (453,953,095 x X4) + (41,965,201,370 x X5), the maximum value of 62.21% and minimum value of -98.05% are obtained, so it falls into the Class 5 category. Class 5 has an accuracy value ranging from +30% to +100%, so it is estimated that it is feasible to use it to carry out the initial concept screening estimation.
Factors Influencing Social Media Platform Engagement among Thai Students: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Jitsaeng Khanittha , Chansanam Wirapong , Kanyacome Suparp , Detthamrong Umawadee , Li Chunqiu 
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the complex landscape of social media utilization among undergraduate students in higher education institutions in Thailand, investigating the pivotal factors that shape their engagement with these platforms. Employing a quantitative research approach, the investigation utilizes a meticulously crafted multi-stage sampling methodology coupled with a robust data collection process. Through applying multi-correlation and multiple-regression analyses, the research unveils significant insights into the determinants of social media usage among Thai youth. Notably, motivation for social media use, access, creativity, and participation through these platforms emerge as substantive predictors. This aligns seamlessly with existing research, underscoring the critical roles played by motivation and accessibility in influencing online engagement. The resultant predictive equation is a pragmatic instrument for comprehending and forecasting social media engagement patterns among Thai undergraduate students. The findings underscore the importance of motivation, access, and creativity as driving forces behind social media utilization. This research equips educators, policymakers, and researchers with valuable insights, emphasizing the imperative of fostering responsible and effective use of social media within this demographic. The study's contribution to the academic landscape is noteworthy because it sheds light on unexplored facets such as cultural dynamics, peer networks, and individual traits, enriching our understanding of the intricate social media landscape among Thai undergraduate students. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-011 Full Text: PDF
The Relationship Between Thinking Ability, Emotional Intelligence, and Decision-Making
Authors: Tran Thuc Duc , Pham Thong Van 
Published: April 2024

Despite a significant amount of research on decision-making, academics find it difficult to explain the decision-making process. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, thinking ability, and decision-making, as well as develop measurement instruments for thinking ability to better model decision-making. By following a deductive research approach associated with positivist philosophy, a cross-sectional study was conducted and surveyed 547 respondents in South Vietnam via email sent randomly by Google Forms using a convenience sampling method. To avoid common method bias, the reliability and validity of all items were assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and using the SPSS program. Then, to assess the structural model and test hypotheses, partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied using the SmartPLS program. The findings not only have proven the significantly positive effects of emotional intelligence and thinking ability on decision-making but also highlight the suitability of the measurement instruments related to thinking ability in explaining decision-making that no research has ever built before. Based on the findings, this research opens up a novel research approach to decision-making and provides the foundation for policymakers and managers to improve decision-making efficiency and human resource quality. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-017 Full Text: PDF
Common Techniques, Success Attack Factors and Obstacles to Social Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Lopes António , Mamede Henrique S. , Reis Leonilde , Santos Arnaldo 
Published: April 2024

Knowledge of Social Engineering is crucial to prevent potential attacks related to organizational Information Security. The objective of this paper aims to identify the most common social engineering techniques, success attack factors, and obstacles, as well as the good practices and frameworks that could be adopted concerning their mitigation. As an analysis methodology, a Systematic Literature Review was carried out. The findings revealed that the discussion about SE attacks has increased and that the most imminent threat is phishing. Exploiting human vulnerabilities is a growing threat when the attack is not carried out directly through technical means. There continue to be more technical attacks than non-technical attacks. Encouraging organizational security prevention, like training, education, technical controls, process development, defense in detail, and the development of security policies, should be considered mitigating factors for the negative impact of SE attacks. Most SE frameworks/models are focused on attack techniques and methods, mostly on technical components, decorating human factor. As a novelty, we found the opportunity to develop a new framework that could improve coverage of the gaps found, supported on security international standards, that could help and support researchers in developing their work, understanding open research topics, and providing a clearer understanding of this type of threat. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-025 Full Text: PDF
Karakteristik Organoleptik Minuman Buah Naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Metode Osmosis
Authors: Budiandari Rahmah Utami , Nurbaya Syarifa Ramadhani 
Published: April 2024

Osmosis salah satu metode membuat sari buah dengan merendam buah dengan gula sehingga terjadi plasmolisis, air dan komponen buah keluar melalui membran semi permeabel. Buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) tinggi antioksidan, pigmen betasianin. Kebaharuan penelitian ini mengukur tingkat kesukaan panelis dan mutu minuman sari buah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah karakterisasi mutu organoleptik minuman buah naga merah dan tingkat kesukaan panelis. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan uji organoleptik hedonik, data yang diperoleh duji friedman, dilanjutkan perlakuan terbaik. Hasil Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada lama waktu osmosis 24 jam dan konsentrasi sukrosa 50% rerata organoleptik meliputi warna 3,13, aroma 3,77 dan rasa 3,47.
Keterampilan 4C (Critical Thinking, Creativity, Communication And Collaboration) dalam Pembelajaran IPS untuk Menjawab Tantangan Abad 21
Authors: Nurhayati Ika , Pramono Karso Satum Edi , Farida Amalina 
Published: April 2024

Pendidikan IPS dalam praktik pengajaran memerlukan adanya inovasi, terlebih dalam menghadapi tantangan abad 21 pembelajaran IPS harus menyesuaikan diri. Penulisan dalam artikel ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan system literature review. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengkaji sejauh mana keterampilan 4C dalam pembelajaran menjawab tantangan abad 21. Melalui keterampilan yang dimiliki siswa diharapkan dapat melalui tantangan hidupnya secara mandiri di masa depan karena pada abad 21 ini generasi yang dibanjiri “kemudahan” yang memiliki dua sisi antara lain dapat berdampak negative juga positif. Pentingnya menggunakan keterampilan 4C dalam pendidikan yaitu critical thingking and problem solving (berpikir kritis dan menyelesaikan masalah), Creativity and innovation (kreativitas dan inovasi), Communication (komunikasi), dan Collaboration (kolaborasi) terutama untuk melatih peserta didik agar mempunyai keterampilan sosial dan berwawasan global. Segala macam keterampilan ini harus dikembangkan dalam proses pembelajaran dan diajarkan kepada peserta didik sehingga peserta didik memiliki keterampilan dan kemampuan yang utuh sebagai bekal menuju kehidupan yang lebih sejahtera. Penulisan diawali dengan mencari artikel-artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian yang akan dilakukan. Kriteria artikel ilmiah yang digunakan sebagai data berupa artikel ilmiah yang bersumber dari jurnal nasional maupun internasional dengan kemutakhiran 10 tahun terakhir yaitu dari tahun 2012 sampai tahun 2023.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT pada Peserta Didik Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wahyuni Dian Eka Mayasari Sri , Susanti Baiq Indah , Nurhaida Nurhaida 
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran matematika melalui metode pembelajaran kooperatif NHT (Numbered Heads Together). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PTK yang dibagi kedalam 2 siklus. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan di SDN 02 Kembang Kerang. Tehnik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil Siklus I menunjukkan bahwa tindakan yang diambil telah meningkatkan kelengkapan pembelajaran peserta didik klasikal sebesar 67%; Hasil siklus II menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan ini bisa mencapai 93%; dan hasil evaluasi rata-rata siklus I menunjukkan peningkatan sebesar 9. Dari sisi hasil evaluasi, hasil siklus II menunjukkan peningkatan sebesar 80,33 dari siklus I sebesar 71,33
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation Berbantuan Media Mystery Box terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis IPA Kelas V
Authors: Roni Abdul , Sulistri Emi , Fitriyadi Slamat 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas V pada pembelajaran IPA. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran Group Investigation berbantuan media Mystery Box terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas V pada pembelajaran IPA kelas V SDN 4 Singkawang, 2) menentukan seberapa besar pengaruh model pembelajaran Group Investigation berbantuan media Mystery Box terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas V pada pembelajaran IPA kelas V SDN 4 Singkawang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas V SDN 4 Singkawang. Menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes esai keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji Uji t dua sampel, dan uji Effect Size Hasil penelitian menunjukan 1) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran Group Investigation berbantuan media Mystery Box terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas V pada pembelajaran IPA. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil uji t yaitu sebesar 2,11 dan sebesar 2,02 diperoleh yaitu maka diterima dan ditolak. 2) model pembelajaran Group Investigation berbantuan media Mystery Box berpengaruh tinggi terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas V pada pembelajaran IPA kelas V SDN 4 Singkawang. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil Effect Size = 0,85.