bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EchoBrush may be superior to standard EUS‐guided FNA in the evaluation of cystic lesions of the pancreas
Authors: Lozano Maria D. , Subtil Jose C. , Miravalles Tania Labiano , Echeveste Jose I. , Prieto Cesar , Betes Maite , Alvarez Cienfuegos F. Javier , Idoate Miguel A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cystic lesions of the pancreas are being detected with increasing frequency. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is one of the most precise methods of diagnosis but still has limited accuracy. A new, through‐the‐needle cytologic brush system (EchoBrush; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind) has been approved for use during EUS evaluation of cystic pancreatic lesions.METHODS:Data from 127 EUS‐FNAs of pancreatic cystic lesions were analyzed to compare the cytologic yield of EchoBrush with conventional EUS‐FNA. An attending cytopathologist was present on site to assess specimen adequacy in all the cases. Diagnostic yields of both procedures, as well as related adverse events, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 15.0 version software (SPSS, Chicago, Ill).RESULTS:A total of 127 cystic lesions of the pancreas from 120 patients (42 men and 78 women, mean age of 62.17 ± 12.17 years) were included in the study. Mean size of lesions was 23.58 ± 21.69 mm. Adequacy of the samples and diagnostic yield were higher using EchoBrush. In 80 (63 %) cases, conventional EUS‐FNA was performed, whereas in 47 (37%), we used EchoBrush. Diagnostic material was obtained in 85.1% (40 of 47) of cases using EchoBrush and in 66.3% (53 of 80) with conventional EUS‐FNA. (P < .05). There were very few clinically relevant complications related to EUS‐FNA and EUS‐EchoBrush techniques.CONCLUSIONS:This study suggests that cytological specimens from pancreatic cystic lesions obtained using EchoBrush at the time of EUS are superior to conventional EUS‐FNA mainly because of the higher yield of epithelial cells. Larger studies are needed to compare both methods. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Reversible Aminal Formation: Controlling the Evaporation of Bioactive Volatiles by Dynamic Combinatorial/Covalent Chemistry (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 4/2011)
Authors: Buchs (née Levrand) Barbara , Godin Guillaume , Trachsel Alain , de Saint Laumer Jean‐Yves , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows how the evaporation of bioactive volatile compounds, such as benzaldehyde, can efficiently be slowed down to increase the length of time that the scent can be perceived. Bioactive volatiles serve in nature as signalling compounds for communication between species such as between a flower and a butterfly. Because of their pleasant smell to humans, the same compounds are used as flavours and fragrances in our everyday life. Dynamic mixtures obtained by reversible reaction of diamines with volatile aldehydes to form aminals were identified as an efficient way to prolong the perception of bioactive aldehydes in functional perfumery. In their article on p. 681 ff, A. Herrmann et al. show that the “butterfly‐shaped“ aminal of N,N′‐dibenzylcyclohexyl‐1,2‐diamine and benzaldehyde is highly effective in controlling the release of a mixture of volatile aldehydes and ketones.
Early changes in white matter pathways of the sensorimotor cortex in premanifest Huntington's disease
Authors: Dumas Eve M. , van den Bogaard Simon J.A. , Ruber Margot E. , Reilmann Ralf , Stout Julie C. , Craufurd David , Hicks Stephen L. , Kennard Chris , Tabrizi Sarah J. , van Buchem Mark A. , van der Grond Jeroen , Roos Raymund A.C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the function–structure relationship of white matter within different stages of Huntington's disease (HD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Experimental design: From the TRACK‐HD study, an early stage HD group and a premanifest gene carrier group (PMGC) were age‐matched to two healthy control groups; all underwent 3‐T MRI scanning of the brain. Region of interest (ROI) segmentation of the corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, and sensorimotor cortex was applied, and the apparent fiber pathways of these regions were analyzed. Functional measures of motor, oculomotor, cognition, and behavior were correlated to DTI measures. Principle observations: In PMGC versus controls, higher apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was seen in white matter pathways of the sensorimotor cortex (P < 0.01) and in the ROI of corpus callosum (P < 0.017). In early HD, fiber tract analysis showed higher ADC in pathways of the corpus callosum, thalamus, sensorimotor, and prefrontal region (P < 0.01). ROI analysis showed higher diffusivity in the corpus callosum and caudate nucleus (P < 0.017). Motor, oculomotor, cognition, and probability of onset within 2 and 5 years, correlated well with ADC measures of the corpus callosum (P < 0.01 – P < 0.005), sensorimotor (P < 0.01 – P < 0.005), and prefrontal region (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Disturbances in the white matter connections of the sensorimotor cortex can be demonstrated not only in manifest HD but also in premanifest gene carriers. Connectivity measures are well related to clinical functioning. DTI measures can be regarded as a potential biomarker for HD, due to their ability to objectify changes in brain structures and their role within brain networks. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure and dissociation characteristics of metal chloride anion clusters containing redox‐active metal ions studied by laser desorption and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ab initio calculations
Authors: Ruttink Paul J. A. , Terlouw Johan K. , Luider Theo M. , Burgers Peter C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCopper chloride anion clusters with both copper oxidation states can be made by laser desorption of CuCl2 crystals. We have used this method to study the dissociation characteristics of such cluster ions. The stability and the structure of the observed complexes were probed by ab initio calculations. These calculations show that many of these complexes are bridged structures. Thus, for the Cu2Cl4 dimer anion, formally [ClCu‐Cl‐CuCl2]−, with putative mixed copper oxidation states, the two copper ions become equivalent through bridging. Such bridging does not occur when redox inactive metal ions are present as in [ClCu‐Cl‐CaCl2]−. By observing the dissociation characteristics of a variety of metal chloride cluster anions produced from binary mixtures, the following Cl− affinity order is obtained: FeCl3 > CuCl > CaCl2 > FeCl2 > AgCl ≈ CuCl2≈ ZnCl2 > LiCl. Ab initio calculations on the Cl− affinity of selected chlorides confirm this order as do Cl− affinity estimates from the experimentally known vertical electron detachment energies of the superhalogens CaCl3− and LiCl2−. An equimolar mixture of CuCl2 and FeCl3 produces an intense cluster ion, which, from 65Cu labeling experiments, is best described as FeCl4−···Cu+···−Cl4Fe, a Cu+ bound superhalogen FeCl4− dimer. The Cu+ ion can be replaced by the redox inactive alkali cations and by Ag+ but these metal ion bound FeCl4− dimers show an entirely different fragmentation behavior which is attributed to the absence of bridging. Electrospray ionization (ESI) of CuCl2 produces an extended series of (CuCl2)nCl− anions (n = 1–11) and so in ESI very limited reduction of Cu2+ takes place. The (CuCl2)nCl− anions show an abundant dissociation via loss of neutral Cu2Cl4 which according to our ab initio calculations is 9 kcal/mol more stable than two CuCl2. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hematological effects of zidovudine prophylaxis in newborn infants with and without prenatal exposure to zidovudine
Authors: Baroncelli Silvia , Pinnetti Carmela , Genovese Orazio , Tamburrini Enrica , Floridia Marco 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPostnatal prophylaxis with oral zidovudine (ZDV) is associated with hematological effects. However, it is still unknown whether selection of non‐ZDV‐based regimens in pregnancy may reduce hematological toxicity associated with postnatal ZDV prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to define the hematological effects of ZDV prophylaxis in newborns with and without prenatal exposure to ZDV. Sixty‐five newborns from mothers infected with HIV who, during pregnancy, received HAART regimens with (n:44) and without (n:21) ZDV were evaluated. Virological and hematological data were compared at birth and at 4 weeks and 6 months of life. Newborns with prenatal ZDV exposure had significantly worse hematological values at birth, with lower levels of hemoglobin (14.3 g/dl vs. 16.2 g/dl, P = 0.001), red blood cell count (3.45 × 106 cells/mm3 vs. 4.48 × 106 cells/mm3, P < 0.001), and hematocrit (41.0% vs. 46.8%, P < 0.001), and higher values of mean corpuscular volume (119 fl vs. 103 fl, P < 0.001). The start of ZDV prophylaxis determined significantly greater adverse hematological changes in newborns without prenatal ZDV exposure, and at 4 weeks and 6 months of life the two groups had substantially identical hematological values. The selection of non‐ZDV‐based regimens in pregnancy does not reduce the final hematological effects of postnatal ZDV at 4 weeks and at 6 months of life. However, two distinct pathways may be observed: newborns exposed prenatally to ZDV have worse hematological values at birth, while newborns without prenatal ZDV exposure have particularly marked postnatal effects. The distinct effects of these two pathways should be considered. J. Med. Virol. 83:551–556, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender disparity in distribution of the major hydrophilic region variants of hepatitis B virus genotype C according to hepatitis B e antigen serostatus
Authors: Lee Seoung‐Ae , Cho Yoo‐Kyung , Lee Keun‐Hwa , Hwang Eung‐Soo , Kook Yoon‐Hoh , Kim Bum‐Joon 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion during chronic HBV infection is known to play an important role in disease progression and patient response to antiviral agents. The aim of the present study was to analyze gender disparity in distribution of major hydrophilic region (MHR) variants according to HBeAg serostatus. Prevalence of MHR variants from 68 Korean patients with chronic hepatitis (31 HBeAg‐positive and 37 HBeAg‐negative) was examined in terms of HBeAg serostatus and sex by direct sequencing analysis of the MHR. Gender disparity was observed in the distribution of MHR variants according to HBeAg serostatus. In male patients, the prevalence of MHR variants was significantly higher in HBeAg negative patients than in HBeAg positive patients [58.8% (10/17 patients) vs. 14.3% (3/21 patients), P = 0.004]. However, the same was not true in female patients [55.0% (11/20 patients) vs. 60.0% (6/10 patients), P = 1.000)]. In addition, 2 mutation types (L110I and G145A) related to HBeAg serostatus were found. In conclusion, HBeAg seroconversion in male chronic patients infected with genotype C could lead to mutations of MHR, major target to host immune response, which might in turn contribute to HBV persistence and immune evasion. J. Med. Virol. 83:405–411, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No pol mutation is associated independently with the lack of immune recovery in patients infected with HIV and failing antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Gianotti Nicola , Galli Laura , Zazzi Maurizio , Ghisetti Valeria , Bonora Stefano , Micheli Valeria , Meraviglia Paola , Corsi Paola , Bruzzone Bianca , Menzo Stefano , Di Giambenedetto Simona , De Luca Andrea , Filice Gaetano , Penco Giovanni , Castagna Antonella ,   on behalf of the ARCA database initiative
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn investigation was undertaken to determine whether specific pol mutations hinder long‐term immune recovery regardless of virological response. In total, 826 patients with >50 HIV RNA copies/ml, who underwent genotypic resistance testing between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2003 after >3 years of antiretroviral treatment, and were followed up for >3 years after genotypic resistance testing, were analyzed retrospectively. The outcome of the study was the lack of immune recovery after >3 years of follow‐up, defined as a slope by linear regression <0. The viremia detectability ratio was defined as the number of HIV RNA values of >50 copies/ml divided by the number of HIV RNA measurements during follow‐up. Logistic regression was used for univariable and multivariable analysis. Median (Q1, Q3) values at baseline were the following: age 40 (37, 45) years, years on antiretroviral therapy 4.45 (3.65, 5.47), HIV RNA 3.91 (3.39, 4.53) log10 copies/ml, CD4+ T‐cell 358 (211, 524)/µl. After 3.13 years of follow‐up, 375 patients (45.4%) showed a lack of immune recovery. The risk of lack of immune recovery increased independently with increasing baseline CD4+ counts (OR = 1.104 per 50‐cell increase, 95% CI = 1.069–1.142, P < 0.0001), increasing viremia detectability ratio during follow‐up (OR = 1.145 per 0.1‐unit increase, 95% CI = 1.093–1.202, P < 0.0001), and with earlier calendar years of resistance testing (overall effect: P = 0.0007). In conclusion, no pol mutation is associated independently with the lack of immune recovery. J. Med. Virol. 83:391–398, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of low molecular weight acids by monolithic immobilized pH gradient‐based capillary isoelectric focusing coupled with mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Tingting , Fekete Agnes , Gaspar Andras , Ma Junfeng , Liang Zhen , Yuan Huiming , Zhang Lihua , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Zhang Yukui 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA novel method for the separation and detection of low molecular weight (LMW) acids was developed using monolithic immobilized pH gradient‐based capillary isoelectric focusing coupled with mass spectrometry. Two main parameters, focusing conditions and delivery buffer conditions, which might affect separation efficiency, were optimized with the focusing time of 7 min at 350 V/cm and the delivery buffer of 50% (v/v) acetonitrile in 10 mmol/L ammonium formate (pH 3.0). Under these conditions, the linear correlation between the volume of delivery solvent and the pKa of the model components was observed. In addition, the separation mechanism of LMW acids was proposed as well. We suppose that this method may provide a useful tool for the characterization of LMW components (e.g. natural organic matter of different origins).
Biomimetic Approaches to Control Soluble Concentration Gradients in Biomaterials
Authors: Nguyen Eric H. , Schwartz Michael P. , Murphy William L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSoluble concentration gradients play a critical role in controlling tissue formation during embryonic development. The importance of soluble signaling in biology has motivated engineers to design systems that allow precise and quantitative manipulation of gradient formation in vitro. Engineering techniques have increasingly moved to the third dimension in order to provide more physiologically relevant models to study the biological role of gradient formation and to guide strategies for controlling new tissue formation for therapeutic applications. This review provides an overview of efforts to design biomimetic strategies for soluble gradient formation, with a focus on microfluidic techniques and biomaterials approaches for moving gradient generation to the third dimension.magnified image
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Ester Group Functionalized Polythiophene Derivatives
Authors: Hu Xiaolian , Shi Minmin , Chen Jian , Zuo Lijian , Fu Lei , Liu Yujing , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo increase the open circuit voltage (VOC) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on polythiophene, two new ester group functionalized polythiophene derivatives, PCTDT and PCTBDT, were designed and synthesized via alternating copolymerization of thiophene‐3‐carboxylate (CT) with the 2,2′‐bithiophene (DT) and benzodithiophene (BDT) units, respectively. The resulting copolymers exhibited broad and strong absorptions in the visible region, which was similar to that of the commonly used poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Through cyclic voltammetry measurements, it was found that both copolymers showed lower HOMO energy levels (−5.27 eV for PCTDT and −5.36 eV for PCTBDT) than that of P3HT (−5.03 eV), indicating that the HOMO energy level could be efficiently reduced by introducing the ester group into the polymer side chain. Photovoltaic properties of the copolymers blended with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron acceptor were investigated. The obtained two devices possessed both relatively large short circuit current (ISC) and higher VOC than that of P3HT:PCBM blend. For PCTBDT:PCBM blend, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 2.32%, an ISC of 6.94 mA · cm−2, and a VOC of 0.80 V were observed while PCTDT:PCBM system demonstrated a PCE of 1.75% with a VOC of 0.68 V. magnified image
Dual boundary‐element method: Simple error estimator and adaptivity
Authors: Portela A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the effective numerical implementation of the adaptive dual boundary‐element method (DBEM), for two‐dimensional potential problems. Two boundary integral equations, which are the potential and the flux equations, are applied for collocation along regular and degenerate boundaries, leading always to a single‐region analysis. Taking advantage on the use of non‐conforming parametric boundary‐elements, the method introduces a simple error estimator, based on the discontinuity of the solution across the boundaries between adjacent elements and implements the p, h and mixed versions of the adaptive mesh refinement. Examples of several geometries, which include degenerate boundaries, are analyzed with this new formulation to solve regular and singular problems. The accuracy and efficiency of the implementation described herein make this a reliable formulation of the adaptive DBEM. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐FEM in isogeometric analysis for linear fracture mechanics
Authors: De Luycker E. , Benson D. J. , Belytschko T. , Bazilevs Y. , Hsu M. C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe extended finite element method (X‐FEM) has proven to be an accurate, robust method for solving problems in fracture mechanics. X‐FEM has typically been used with elements using linear basis functions, although some work has been performed using quadratics. In the current work, the X‐FEM formulation is incorporated into isogeometric analysis to obtain solutions with higher order convergence rates for problems in linear fracture mechanics. In comparison with X‐FEM with conventional finite elements of equal degree, the NURBS‐based isogeometric analysis gives equal asymptotic convergence rates and equal accuracy with fewer degrees of freedom (DOF). Results for linear through quartic NURBS basis functions are presented for a multiplicity of one or a multiplicity equal the degree. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the size and shape of fallow deer—evidence for the movement and management of a species
Authors: Sykes N. , Carden R. F. , Harris K. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) is native to the eastern Mediterranean and whilst it is clear that its dispersion from this region was the result of human transportation, the timing and circumstances of its post‐glacial diffusion are still uncertain. Archaeological fallow deer remains offer perhaps the best opportunity to understand the deep history of the species, with measurements of ancient bones providing important information about an individual's sex and size. Unfortunately, the fragmentary nature of archaeological remains means that metrical samples are usually too small to draw any meaningful conclusions. Biometrical scaling techniques can increase the size of the sample available for comparison and in this paper log ratios are used in combination with traditional metrical analysis to provide new information about archaeological fallow deer populations, in particular highlighting the size variations across time and space and shifts in hunting and management practices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is routine computed tomographic scanning justified in the first week of persistent febrile neutropenia in children with malignancies?
Authors: Agrawal Anurag K. , Saini Neeraj , Gildengorin Ginny , Feusner James H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundProlonged febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a common problem in pediatric oncology and often leads to empiric computed tomography (CT) of the sinuses, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Little evidence is available as to the diagnostic utility of CT in this setting.ProcedureWe performed a retrospective review of all oncology patients admitted to the hospital from January 2004 through December 2008 for FN who had daily fevers with neutropenia for 4 or more consecutive days prompting CT evaluation. Eligible patient charts were reviewed for symptomatology prior to imaging as well as antibiotic and antifungal regimens throughout therapy.ResultsFifty‐two patients had 68 unique episodes of prolonged FN that resulted in CT imaging. Positive findings occurred in 18%, 12%, and 25% of initial chest, abdomen, and sinus CTs, respectively. There were no positive findings on initial pelvic CT. Only two of the initial positive CT scans led to a change in management (6.5% of positive scans, 0.8% of all initial scans). These were both scans of the chest. All patients with concern for occult fungal infection had findings on chest CT. Patients with clinically important infections had no statistical difference in days of fever or neutropenia or type of underlying malignancy compared with those without infection. Clinical symptomatology was most helpful for typhlitis.ConclusionsTreatment alteration rarely results from empiric CT imaging in the early days of prolonged FN. We therefore recommend limiting initial empiric CT imaging to the chest only in patients without localizing signs or symptoms and prolonged FN. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 620–624. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Core‐shell structured ferrite‐silsesquioxane‐epoxy nanocomposites: Composite homogeneity and mechanical and magnetic properties
Authors: Olsson R.T. , Hedenqvist M.S. , Ström V. , Deng J. , Savage S.J. , Gedde U.W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEpoxy‐based composites of ferrite nanoparticles (50 nm) with 3‐glycidoxypropyl‐ (GPTMS), aminopropyl‐ (APTMS), or methyl‐silsesquioxane (MTMS) coatings are reported. The GPTMS coatings (30‐nm thick) allowed uniform particle dispersion in the epoxy and prevented sedimentation of the nanoparticles, whereas the APTMS‐coated particles formed agglomerates, leading to particle sedimentation. The particles with the thinnest coating (MTMS – 3 nm) agglomerated in the composites without sedimentation. The composites based on GPTMS‐coated particles showed higher fracture toughness than the composites based on MTMS‐coated particles. The uniformity and thickness of the coatings were related to alcohol composition of the coating media. Coating removal by a novel ultrasonic etching allowed precise determination of the effective ferrite content in the coated nanoparticles. A markedly lower coercivity for nanoparticles without coatings as compared with the nanoparticles with thicker coatings was observed. The saturation magnetization and the coercivity of the composites were independent of coating and casting procedures. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers