bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mots à crédit : L'Argent, de Zola, ou la presse au cœur du marché de la confiance
Authors: Wrona Adeline 
Published: April 2011

Cet article analyse les formes de convergence liant, au XIX e siècle, la presse et le monde de la Bourse. En s’attachant particulièrement au roman de Zola, L’Argent , il montre comment le régime périodique s’impose au monde du crédit, en même temps que la banque opère une mainmise complète sur la direction des principaux titres de presse. La réflexion propose dans un second temps de voir dans le roman zolien une représentation à double détente de cette consanguinité du texte périodique et du crédit – deux univers qui ont en commun leur matérialité (le papier), leur publicité (qui donne sens aux transactions), et leur périodicité (la bourse est en soi périodique). Publié en feuilleton dans un journal fameux pour ses chroniques boursières, L’Argent joue à double titre de la confusion des rôles existant entre le financier, « poète du million », et le romancier, qui fidélise les lecteurs pour le compte des banques.
Les Foules de Lourdes ou le dernier dialogue
Authors: El Kettani Soundouss 
Published: April 2011

Le titre choisi par Huysmans pour le dernier récit publié de son vivant, Les Foules de Lourdes, est en décalage par rapport à l’œuvre et s’avère comme une anomalie qui ne trouve sa résolution que dans une ultime et nécessaire évocation de Zola. Ce premier lien établi, une lecture comparative des Foules de Lourdes et de Lourdes montre que le texte de Huysmans a pour référence première celui de Zola à la fois dans la description de la ville mariale, dans la narration des multiples récits qui y pullulent et dans la réaction aux spectacles d’horreur auxquels elle confronte ses visiteurs. Cet ultime dialogue permet à Huysmans non seulement de liquider son ancienne « obsession » envers le maître décédé mais également et surtout de proposer un au-delà du naturalisme qui anticipe, plus que ne l’aura fait le naturalisme spiritualiste envisagé dans Là-bas , l’écriture du XX e siècle, dans un renversement total de la formule romanesque zolienne où l’individu était sacrifié à la foule.
Empreendorismo no Brasil: situação e tendências
Authors: Campelli Magali Geovana Ramlow , Casarotto Filho Nelson , Barbejat Myriam Eugênia Ramalho Prata , Moritz Gilberto de Oliveira 
Published: April 2011

Este artigo apresenta as tendências do empreendedorismo no Brasil. Neste trabalho são destacadas as iniciativas adotadas no País com enfoque para a avaliação dos resultados produzidos pelo programa Empretec e o desempenho apontado pelos relatórios do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor – GEM. Temas recentes também são introduzidos no cenário atual, tais como, o empreendedorismo social e o educacional.
Organic Proton‐Conducting Molecules as Solid‐State Separator Materials for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Jiménez‐García Lucía , Kaltbeitzel Anke , Enkelmann Volker , Gutmann Jochen S. , Klapper Markus , Müllen Klaus 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOrganic proton‐conducting molecules are presented as alternative materials to state‐of‐the‐art polymers used as electrolytes in proton‐exchanging membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Instead of influencing proton conductivity via the mobility offered by polymeric materials, the goal is to create organic molecules that control the proton‐transport mechanism through supramolecular order. Therefore, a series of phosphonic acid‐containing molecules possessing a carbon‐rich hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic periphery was synthesized and characterized. Proton conductivity measurements as well as water uptake and crystallinity studies (powder and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis) were performed under various conditions. These experiments reveal that proton mobility is closely connected to crystallinity and strongly dependent on the supramolecular ordering of the compound. This study provides insights into the proton‐conducting properties of this novel class of materials and the mechanisms responsible for proton transport.
Polymer‐Stabilized Chromonic Liquid‐Crystalline Polarizer
Authors: Park Seul‐Ki , Kim So‐Eun , Kim Dae‐Yoon , Kang Shin‐Woong , Shin Seunghan , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Hwang Seok‐Ho , Lee Seung Hee , Lee Myong‐Hoon , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRobust coatable polarizer is fabricated by the self‐assembly of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals and subsequent photo‐polymerizing processes. Their molecular packing structures and optical behaviors are investigated by the combined techniques of microscopy, scattering and spectroscopy. To stabilize the oriented Sunset Yellow FCF (H‐SY) films and to minimize the possible defects generated during and after the coating, acrylic acid (AA) is added to the H‐SY/H2O solution and photo‐polymerized. Utilizing cross‐polarized optical microscopy, phase behaviors of the H‐SY/H2O/AA solution are monitored by varying the compositions and temperatures of the solution. Based on the experimental results of two‐dimensional wide angle X‐ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction, the H‐SY crystalline unit cell is determined to be a monoclinic structure with the dimensions of a = 1.70 nm, b = 1.78 nm, c = 0.68 nm, α = β = 90.0° and γ = 84.5°. The molecular arrangements in the oriented H‐SY films were further confirmed by polarized Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The polymer‐stabilized H‐SY films show good mechanical and chemical stabilities with a high polarizability. Additionally, patterned polarizers are fabricated by applying a photo‐mask during the photo‐polymerization of AA, which may open new doors for practical applications in electro‐optic devices.
Influence of Hole‐Transport Layers and Donor Materials on Open‐Circuit Voltage and Shape of I–V Curves of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Tress Wolfgang , Leo Karl , Riede Moritz 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effect of injection and extraction barriers on flat heterojunction (FHJ) and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells is analyzed. The barriers are realized by a combination of p‐type materials with HOMOs varying between –5.0 and –5.6 eV as hole‐transport layer (HTL) and as donor in vacuum‐evaporated multilayer p‐i‐metal small‐molecule solar cells. The HTL/donor interface can be seen as a model for the influence of contacts in organic solar cells in general. Using drift‐diffusion simulations we are well able to reproduce and explain the experimental I–V curves qualitatively. In FHJ solar cells the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) is determined by the donor and is independent of the HTL. In BHJ solar cells, however, Voc decreases if injection barriers are present. This different behavior is caused by a blocking of the charge carriers at a spatially localized donor/acceptor heterojunction, which is only present in the FHJ solar cells. The forward current is dominated by the choice of HTL. An energy mismatch in the HOMOs leads to kinks in the I–V curves in the cases for which Voc is independent of the HTL.
Electrospinning Preparation and Drug‐Delivery Properties of an Up‐conversion Luminescent Porous NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@Silica Fiber Nanocomposite
Authors: Hou Zhiyao , Li Chunxia , Ma Pingan , Li Guogang , Cheng Ziyong , Peng Chong , Yang Dongmei , Yang Piaoping , Lin Jun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractUp‐conversion (UC) luminescent porous silica fibers decorated with NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals (NCs) (denoted as NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@silica fiber) are prepared by the electrospinning process using cationic surfactant P123 as a template. Monodisperse and hydrophobic oleic acid capped β‐NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ NCs are prepared by thermal decomposition methodology. Then, these NCs are transferred into aqueous solution by employing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as secondary surfactant. The water‐dispersible β‐NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ NCs are dispersed into precursor electrospinning solution containing P123 and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), followed by preparation of precursor fibers via electrospinning. Finally, porous α‐NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@silica fiber nanocomposites are obtained after annealing the precursor fibers containing β‐NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ at 550 °C. The as‐prepared α‐NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@silica fiber possesses porous structure and UC luminescence properties simultaneously. Furthermore, the obtained nanocomposites can be used as a drug delivery host carrier and drug storage/release properties are investigated, using ibuprofen (IBU) as a model drug. The results indicate that the IBU–loaded α‐NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@silica fiber nanocomposites show UC emission of Er3+ under 980 nm NIR laser excitation and a controlled release property for IBU. Meanwhile, the UC emission intensity of IBU–α‐NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@silica fiber system varies with the released amount of IBU.
Melt index prediction based on fuzzy neural networks and PSO algorithm with online correction strategy
Authors: Liu Xinggao , Zhao Chengye 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA black‐box modeling scheme to predict melt index (MI) in the industrial propylene polymerization process is presented. MI is one of the most important quality variables determining product specification, and is influenced by a large number of process variables. Considering it is costly and time consuming to measure MI in laboratory, a much cheaper and faster statistical modeling method is presented here to predicting MI online, which involves technologies of fuzzy neural network, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and online correction strategy (OCS). The learning efficiency and prediction precision of the proposed model are checked based on real plant history data, and the comparison between different learning algorithms is carried out in detail to reveal the advantage of the proposed best‐neighbor PSO (BNPSO) algorithm with OCS. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Ethmoid skull‐base height: a clinically relevant method of evaluation
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Kennedy David W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:The Keros classification scheme has been used to describe the ethmoid skull‐base configuration; however, this scheme only partially addresses key anatomic issues in ethmoid skull‐base injury avoidance during surgery.Methods:Coronal computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed for 200 patients undergoing sinus evaluation at a tertiary care institution. Keros classification, maxillary sinus:ethmoid height ratio, and the skull‐base height:orbital height ratio were recorded for each patient. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine if a relationship existed between the 3 sets of measurements.Results:In the Keros classification scheme, 42% of patients were in class I, 50% class II, and 8% class III. In maxillary sinus to ethmoid height ratio, 58% were 1:1, 37% were 2:1, and 5% were >2:1. In the skull‐base height to total orbital height ratio, 65% were in class I, 18% class II, and 17% in class III. There was no correlation between the classification schemes.Conclusion:The importance of the Keros classification lies primarily in the avoidance of iatrogenic injury to the cribriform region and medial ethmoid roof. To avoid penetration of the ethmoidal roof, the ethmoid skull‐base height must be separately examined in relation to the orbit and total vertical dimension of the sinuses.
Synthesis of ferrocene‐containing N‐aryloxo β‐ketoiminate lanthanide complexes and polymerization of ε‐caprolactone
Authors: Huang Ling‐Ling , Han Xiang‐Zong , Yao Ying‐Ming , Zhang Yong , Shen Qi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and ε‐caprolactone polymerization behavior of lanthanide amido complexes stabilized by ferrocene‐containing N‐aryloxo functionalized β‐ketoiminate ligand FcCOCH2C(Me)N(2‐HO‐5‐But‐C6H3) (LH2, Fc = ferrocenyl) are described. The lanthanide amido complexes [LLnN(SiMe3)2(THF)]2 [Ln = Nd (1), Sm (2), Yb (3), Y (4)] were synthesized in good yields by the amine elimination reactions of LH2 with Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3(µ‐Cl)Li(THF)3 in a 1:1 molar ratio in THF. These complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy was added for the analysis of complex 4. The definitive molecular structures of complexes 1 and 3 were determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. Complexes 1–4 can initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone with moderate activity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of double promoters on direct synthesis of triethoxysilane in gas–solid stirred fluidized bed
Authors: Lei Zhang , Sue Hao , Chunhui Yang , Ji Li , Kai Yang , Chenfa Hu , Shibin Ge 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction of silicon with ethanol was carried out in a gas–solid stirred fluidized bed, with cuprous chloride prepared by a wet process as the catalyst. The effect of hydrogen fluoride and ethyl chloride addition on formation of triethoxysilane in the direct process was described and discussed. The catalytic activity was evaluated using online gas chromatography, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to study the contact mass. The results show that the promoters hydrogen fluoride and ethyl chloride not only supplemented anions, but also depressed the catalytic activity of metallic copper. The comparison of technical‐grade silicon and polycrystalline silicon showed many differences in reactivity, reaction rate and induction period. Furthermore, the yield, selectivity of triethoxysilane and reaction rate were improved significantly with additions of hydrogen fluoride and ethyl chloride. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and analysis of the compatibility of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with surface and shear inducing effects
Authors: Mu Dan , Li Jian‐Quan , Wang Song 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe compatibility of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends was studied over a wide range of compositions at 400 K by mesoscopic modeling. Sixteen patterned surfaces of four types were designed and designated as “ci,” “co,” “gra,” and “rg” to study their influence on changing the microscopic phase morphology. The topography of the “ci” series surfaces was shaped by semicircular balls. Different radii were applied to simulate different degrees of surface roughness. The “co” series were composed of cubic columns as the mask, and the cubic columns were separated by equal spaces. Various sizes and heights of columns were used to simulate different degrees of surface roughness. The “gra” series were composed of surfaces with different areas of section and the same height to simulate different degrees of surface roughness. The “rg” series were composed of concentric cuboids with continuous increasing heights and sizes. The “co” series surfaces were the most efficient distribution in changing the microscopic phase morphology, the “gra” and “rg” series surfaces were both the secondary, and the “ci” series surfaces placed the last. The results show that the effect of inducing surfaces depended on both the pattern of surfaces and the compositions of the blends. The shear effect was effective in changing the phase morphology, but its influencing effect depended on not only the shear rate, but also the compositions of the blends, especially when the blends were rich in PEO. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of electron beam irradiation on polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers and stabilization process
Authors: Yuan Huiwu , Wang Yuansheng , Liu Pengbo , Yu Hongwei , Ge Bao , Mei Yongjia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe electron beam was imposed on the polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers before the fibers were stabilized. The effect of electron beam irradiation on the chemical structure, transverse section, and surface morphology and thermal properties of the fibers in the process of stabilization was characterized by the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and differential scanning calorimeter, respectively. A parameter η = I(CN)/[I(CN) + I(CN)] was defined to evaluate the extent of cyclization in the stabilization process. The kinetic parameters, viz. activation energy (E) and pre‐exponential factor (A) of the stabilization reactions, were calculated by Kissinger method. FTIR analysis indicated that the cyclization of nitrile groups was initiated at room temperature by electron beam irradiation. The transformation of CN groups to CN ones was accelerated in the process of stabilization. The extent of cyclization of the stabilized fibers was increased. SEM analysis indicated that irradiation could also decrease the internal and surface defects of the stabilized fibers treated at 300°C. The activation energy of cyclization reaction was reduced from 302 to 280 kJ/mol and 260 kJ/mol through 100 and 200 kGy electron beam irradiation, respectively. The reaction temperature range was expanded, and the exothermic rate was slowed down in the process of stabilization, which was the reason why the stabilized fibers have improved cyclization degree and less internal defects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of chain extension on the properties of PLA/TPS blends
Authors: Li Hongbo , Huneault Michel A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMultifunctional Epoxy‐based copolymers can be used as chain‐extender (CE) to increase the molecular weight and create branching in polylactides (PLA). In this study, the effect of a multifunctional epoxy‐acrylic‐styrene copolymer on the properties of PLA/Thermoplastic Starch (PLA/TPS) blends was investigated. The PLA/TPS blends were prepared by twin‐screw extrusion. The dry‐starch and plasticizers were mixed together in the first half of the extruder to complete starch gelatinization. Water was removed by devolatilization at midex‐truder and the PLA matrix was mixed with the water‐free TPS in the latter portion of the compounding process. The standard blends comprised 27% TPS in the PLA matrix. The TPS phase itself comprised 36% plasticizer in the form of glycerol or sorbitol. A maleic anhydride grafted PLA (PLAg) was also used in selected blends to examine the effect of interfacial modification on the morphology of chain‐extended blends. The blends were injection molded into standard test bars and their tensile properties were measured. Differential scanning calorimetry was carried out to examine the effect of chain extension on PLA's ability to crystallize. Oscillatory‐shear rheology was used to monitor changes in blend viscosity. Finally, scanning electron microscopy on microtomed and acid‐etched samples was carried out to assess the blend morphology. It was found that the combination of interfacial modification and chain‐extension strategies led to greatly improved ductility. The viscosity of the PLA/TPS blends was also dramatically increased by adding a small amount of epoxy‐based chain extender. This is of great interest for polymer processing techniques (such as foaming or film blowing) that require high melt strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Estrogen receptor–related receptor α regulation by interleukin‐1β in prostaglandin E2– and cAMP‐dependent pathways in osteoarthritic chondrocytes
Authors: Bonnelye Edith , Reboul Pascal , Duval Nicolas , Cardelli Marco , Aubin Jane E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe reported previously that the orphan nuclear receptor, estrogen receptor–related receptor α (ERRα), is expressed in articular chondrocytes and is dysregulated in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine whether ERRα is also dysregulated in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsERRα messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were quantified in normal and OA cartilage samples and in OA chondrocytes in vitro, with and without short‐term treatment with a variety of OA‐associated factors and signaling pathway agonists and inhibitors.ResultsERRα expression was lower in OA than in normal articular cartilage. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) markedly up‐regulated ERRα expression in OA chondrocytes in vitro, and agonist or inhibitor treatment indicated that the up‐regulation was dependent on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2; NS398), prostaglandin E2, cAMP (8‐bromo‐cAMP), and protein kinase A (PKA; KT5720). Treatment with the ERRα inverse agonist XCT790 decreased the expression of SOX9 and the up‐regulation of ERRα by IL‐1β, suggesting autoregulation of ERRα in the IL‐1β pathway. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) expression was also decreased by treatment with XCT790 plus IL‐1β versus IL‐1β alone, and the down‐regulation of MMP‐13 mRNA and protein observed with XCT790 alone suggests that the up‐regulation of MMP‐13 by IL‐1β is ERRα‐dependent.ConclusionWe report the first evidence that ERRα expression is regulated by IL‐1β in COX‐2–, cAMP‐, and PKA‐dependent pathways in OA chondrocytes. We confirmed that SOX9 is an ERRα target gene in human, as in rodent, chondrocytes and identified MMP‐13 as a potential new target gene, which suggests that ERRα may both respond to the healing signal and contribute to extracellular degradation in OA cartilage.
A Series of Carboxylic‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids and their Solubility for Lanthanide Oxides
Authors: Li Huanrong , Li Dan , Wang Yige , Ru Qiaorong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis of propanoic acid functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) with various lengths of alkyl chain on the imidazole ring. The synthesized propanoic acid functionalized ILs were used to dissolve Eu2O3 (or Tb4O7) due to the formation of europium(III) (or terbium(III)) carboxylate, aimed to get soft luminescent materials combining the properties of ILs and attractive luminescent properties of lanthanide ions. The luminescent behavior of Eu3+ and Tb3+ in the ILs were investigated by luminescence spectroscopy. The affect of the alkyl chain on the luminescent behavior (the asymmetry parameter (R), the lifetime of 5D0, and the 5D0 quantum efficiency) of Eu3+ has been discussed.
Fluorescent Sensing and Discrimination of ATP and ADP Based on a Unique Sandwich Assembly of Pyrene‐Adenine‐Pyrene
Authors: Xu Zhaochao , Spring David R. , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt is still a challenging task to discriminate adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) from various nucleoside triphosphates, such as GTP, CTP, UTP, and TTP. The ability to distinguish ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by fluorescent signals is also urgently desired. Herein, we report two pyrene‐based zinc complexes as nucleoside polyphosphate receptors with high selectivity for ATP and ADP based on fluorescence and NMR studies. A unique pyrene–adenine–pyrene sandwich assembly was observed in the case of compound 1 with ATP or ADP, resulting in the increase of monomer fluorescence intensity; whereas the other bases of nucleoside triphosphates, such as GTP, CTP, UTP, and TTP were not sandwiched, resulting in a switch in the monomer–excimer fluorescence of pyrene. The different binding patterns of various nucleobases with a pyrene–pyrene assembly make 1 a highly selective fluorescent sensor for ANP (N=di, tri). In the case of compound 2, the first 0.5 equivalents of ATP induced a strong excimer emission, whilst ADP induced a large enhancement in the monomeric fluorescent peak. This fluorescence change makes 2 an efficient sensor to discriminate ATP from ADP.
Autism spectrum disorders are associated with an elevated autoantibody response to tissue transglutaminase‐2
Authors: Rosenspire Allen , Yoo Wonsuk , Menard Sherri , Torres Anthony R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe report that a significant number of autistic children have serum levels of IgA antibodies above normal to the enzyme tissue transglutaminase II (TG2), and that expression of these antibodies to TG2 is linked to the (HLA)‐DR3, DQ2 and DR7, DQ2 haplotypes. TG2 is expressed in the brain, where it has been shown to be important in cell adhesion and synaptic stabilization. Thus, these children appear to constitute a subpopulation of autistic children who fall within the autism disease spectrum, and for whom autoimmunity may represent a significant etiological component of their autism. Autism Res 2011,4:242–249. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.