bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alignment of performance metrics in a multi‐enterprise agribusiness
Authors: Bryceson Kim P. , Slaughter Geoff 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the disconnect that can develop between corporate goals and those of individual intra‐organisational business units arranged as an internal supply chain within a large vertically integrated agribusiness. It also aims to explore and discuss the development of a holistic performance metrics system that facilitates internal supply chain coordination and cohesion, while allowing synergies to develop across the company.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach involving a participative action research component was used to examine the disconnect between internal business unit (operational) goals and overall corporate (strategic) goals and to develop a conceptual performance assessment model addressing both operational and strategic contexts.FindingsThe findings show that appropriate performance indicators and measures can be created that relate directly to logical operational outcomes, thus encouraging a more tightly integrated internal supply chain, a stronger coherence among the components and a better aligned set of operational and corporate goals.Research limitations/implicationsOnly financial information and data obtained from a participative managerial decision‐making simulation were used to explore performance goal incongruence between operational and corporate managers, compared with the need for multiple contextual performance measurement metrics that the literature suggests provides a best practice system.Originality/valueThe rapidly developing corporate agribusiness sector provides a unique operating environment in that these companies deal primarily in self‐regenerating assets such as livestock. Additionally the development of performance metrics for improving the coordinated integration of autonomous business units is explored for the first time and the concept of “Integrated Autonomy” is suggested as a way to describe the resulting situation.
The intellectual odyssey of David D. Monieson (1927‐2008): a quest for usable knowledge
Authors: Brian Jones D.G. , Cunningham Peggy , McLean Paula , Shapiro Stanley 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a biographical sketch of David D. Monieson whose academic career in marketing included time spent at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Toronto, and over 30 years at Queen's University. It is focussed on Monieson's contributions to the history and philosophy of marketing thought, especially with respect to what Monieson called “usable knowledge” in marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a traditional historical narrative based on extensive personal interviews with Monieson and with some of his students and colleagues as well as archival research including personal correspondence, course notes, research notes, and other unpublished documents.FindingsMonieson made important contributions to the thinking about history and philosophy of marketing thought. Some of his ideas, such as the intellectualization and re‐enchantment of marketing, have found a following among marketing academics; others, such as complexity, have not.Originality/valueThere is no published biographical study of Monieson and no detailed analysis of his contributions to marketing thought. This biographical sketch provides insights into several significant marketing ideas and tells the life story of an important marketing scholar.
Perceptions of occupiers' liability risk by estate managers
Authors: Bennett Luke , Gibbeson Carolyn 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a socio‐legal case study, examining how the legal notion of “reasonable safety” provision has come to be constructed by municipal cemetery managers in relation to gravestones and other memorial structures over the last decade in England.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes a social constructionist approach to the subject of the case study. It is based upon a literature review of relevant law, policy and guidance, and on the results of qualitative face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews with a small sample of English municipal cemetery managers.FindingsThe issue of memorial safety illustrates the tensions that can arise between safety and conflicting priorities, in this case sensitivity to the bereaved. The paper shows that the simple promulgation of guidance will not automatically lead to it being accepted by all as “good practice”. The interviews show how organisations and individual managers have sought to make sense of, and render workable, their legal obligations, by drawing upon, and at times ignoring or adapting, available guidance.Research limitations/implicationsThe interview study is based upon a small non‐random sample, accessed via a single phase of enquiry in Spring 2008. The influence of fear of liability may manifest differently in other cemetery managers and/or change over time. In view of the novel, and powerful, “resisting‐forces” in the case of cemeteries direct comparison with the risk perception of managers in other parts of the built environment may be difficult.Originality/valueGiven the lack of existing research in the field of liability perception by landowners, the paper contributes to the analysis of the generic processes by which safety guidance is negotiated, and reconciled with competing drivers in the management of the built environment.
Eight years after – a follow‐up study of mothers and children at psychosocial risk who received early treatment: does early intervention leave its mark?
Authors: Wadsby Marie , Arvidsson Elisabeth 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTOne‐hundred forty‐five mothers at psychosocial risk who, with their babies, had been given treatment at a parent–baby clinic during a 2‐year period starting in 1999, treatment designed to strengthen the mother–child relationship, were followed up 8 years later. Both the mothers who had agreed to take part in the treatment programme (n= 73) and those who had declined (n= 72) were searched for in the records of the Social Welfare office to determine if the treated mothers had been focused on to a lesser degree in the following 8 years than those who had declined treatment, a hypothesis that was initially put forward. The behaviour of the children whose mothers had undergone treatment (n= 46) was studied. The initial hypothesis had to be rejected; support and intervention from the social authorities had been equally common in both groups. However, the children of treated mothers had fewer externalizing behaviour than children of untreated mothers at psychosocial risk.
Subungual keratoacanthoma: analysis of cell proliferation and copy number variation of oncogenes compared with periungual squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Honma M. , Kato N. , Hashimoto M. , Takahashi H. , Ishida-Yamamoto A. , Iizuka H. 
Published: April 2010

Summary
Background. Subungual keratoacanthoma (SUKA) is a rare cutaneous tumour with several features distinct from ordinary KA. SUKA may not show spontaneous regression and sometimes grows progressively, resulting in phalangeal bone destruction. This makes its distinction from digital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) difficult.
Aim. To investigate differences in molecular expression between SUKA and digital SCC.
Methods. In addition to immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67, one of the markers differentiating KA from SCC, we investigated the copy numbers of various oncogenes by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) using two cases of SUKA and three cases of periungual SCC.
Results. Ki-67 was moderately or strongly positive in SCC but negative in SUKA. The MLPA analysis showed that the nuclear factor (NF)κB1 and cortactin (CTTN; formerly known as EMS1) genes are amplified in SUKA but not in digital SCC. This increase in NFκB1 was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.
Conclusion. NFκB1 could be a novel marker to differentiate between SUKA and SCC. Although this study was performed on limited numbers of patients with SUKA, MLPA analysis could be applied to differentiate other benign tumours from their malignant counterparts.
Wells syndrome associated with Churg–Strauss syndrome
Authors: Fujimoto N. , Wakabayashi M. , Kato T. , Nishio C. , Tanaka T. 
Published: April 2010

Summary
Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a systemic vasculitis occurring in patients with a history of asthma. Wells’ syndrome (WS) is a rare inflammatory dermatosis that clinically resembles cellulitis, and is histologically characterized by eosinophilic infiltration and flame figures. We report a case of WS associated with CSS. There have been three previous reports of WS associated with CSS; ours is the fourth. All cases had bullous lesions, and three cases were positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.
Antixenosis phloem‐based resistance to aphids: is it the rule?
Authors: LE ROUX VINCENT , DUGRAVOT SÉBASTIEN , BRUNISSEN LAURENCE , VINCENT CHARLES , PELLETIER YVAN , GIORDANENGO PHILIPPE 
Published: April 2010

1. The concept of plant defence syndrome states that plant species growing in similar biotic or abiotic constraints should have convergent defensive traits. This article is a first step to test the prediction of this concept, by conducting experiments on wild Solanum species (or accessions) that originated from the Andes. The nature and the tissue localisation of the resistance of five wild Solanum species known to be resistant against the aphids Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae were determined by olfactometry and electrical penetration graph experiments.2. Volatile organic compounds may contribute to wild Solanum resistance, depending on Solanum accessions and aphid species. Volatiles of S. bukasovii and S. stoloniferum PI 275248 were not attractive to M. persicae, whereas S. bukasovii was repulsive to M. euphorbiae. In contrast, volatiles of S. stoloniferum PI 275248 were attractive for M. euphorbiae.3. Some wild Solanum species presented a generalised resistance in all plant tissues, so as for S. bukasovii and S. stoloniferum PI 275248 against M. persicae. However, except for S. bukasovii which was susceptible to M. euphorbiae, all tested Solanum species presented a phloem‐based antixenosis resistance against the two aphid species.4. A review of articles focused on the nature of resistance of wild Solanum species against aphids corroborated with our results, i.e. a phloem‐based antixenosis resistance against aphids is the rule concerning the system aphids–wild Solanum species.
Ontogeny of worker body size distribution in bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) colonies
Authors: COUVILLON MARGARET J. , JANDT JENNIFER M. , DUONG NHI , DORNHAUS ANNA 
Published: April 2010

1. Bumble bees exhibit worker size polymorphisms; highly related workers within a colony may vary up to 10‐fold in body mass. As size variation is an important life history feature in bumble bees, the distribution of body sizes within the colony and how it fluctuates over the colony cycle were analysed.2. Ten commercially purchased colonies of Bombus impatiens (Cresson) were reared in ad libitum conditions. The size of all workers present and newly emerging workers (callows) was recorded each week.3. The average size of bumble bee workers did not change with colony age, but variation in body size tended to decrease over time. The average size of callows did not change with population size, but did tend to decrease with colony age. In all measures, there was considerable variation among colonies.4. Colonies of B. impatiens usually produced workers with normally distributed body sizes throughout the colony life cycle. Unlike most polymorphic ants, there was no increase in worker body size with colony age or colony size. This provides the first, quantitative data on the ontogeny of bumble bee worker size distribution. The potential adaptive significance of this size variation is discussed.
Effects of colony size on larval performance in a processionary moth
Authors: RONNÅS CECILIA , LARSSON STIG , PITACCO ANDREA , BATTISTI ANDREA 
Published: April 2010

1. Some lepidopteran species have larvae that live gregariously, especially in early instars. Colony‐living species may benefit from improved protection from predators, thermoregulation, and feeding facilitation, for example.2. While many studies have compared solitary and gregarious life styles, few data exist as to the relationship between size of the larval colony and larval performance in gregarious species. The present study was aimed at understanding the importance of colony size for growth and survival of the northern pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pinivora) larvae.3. Field studies, comparing three different sizes of colonies of T. pinivora larvae, showed that individuals in larger colonies had a higher survival rate compared with those living in smaller colonies and also a faster growth rate.4. The higher survival rate of large colonies was attributed to improved protection from predacious arthropods.5. In early spring, the young larvae bask in the sun to increase their body temperature. In field experiments the thermal gain was higher in large colonies, and individuals in such colonies also grew faster. As growth rate was not affected by colony size when the ability to bask was experimentally removed in a laboratory experiment, the higher growth rate of the larger colonies was probably due to improved thermoregulation rather than feeding facilitation.6. The size of larval colonies of gregarious insects depends on natural mortality events as well as on female oviposition strategy. Our results show that decreasing colony size can lead to a reduction in growth rate and survival. It is therefore important to understand whether or not small colonies will benefit equally from the gregarious behaviour.
Connectivity counts: disentangling effects of vegetation structure elements on the searching movement of a parasitoid
Authors: RANDLKOFER BARBARA , OBERMAIER ELISABETH , CASAS JÉRÔME , MEINERS TORSTEN 
Published: April 2010

1. A heterogeneous habitat structure can have a profound impact on foraging carnivorous arthropods. In the present study, we examined which elements of complex vegetation structure influence the searching movement of a parasitoid model organism.2. Previous field work showed that tall and dense vegetation reduces the parasitism success of the eulophid egg parasitoid Oomyzus galerucivorus while the probability of host egg deposition increased close to plant tips.3. In laboratory bioassays, dried grass stems were arranged according to the natural situation in different setups. The wasps' walking time on stems increased with increasing stem height and density. High stem density decreased the walking time of the parasitoids on the ground and an increased stem height reduced the propensity to fly to the ground. Connectivity had a minor positive effect on the number of stem contacts, but considerably reduced the number of wasps reaching the upper part of grass stems by two‐thirds.4. Thus, although enhanced vegetation complexity enhances walking activity of the parasitoids in the vegetation, laying eggs at the tip of long grass stems in dense vegetation can be an adaptive strategy for the host, as it maximises the number of connections between plant parts to cross by parasitoids before reaching the host. The connection points disorient the wasps, which lose time, reverse their direction or fly away.
Validation of novel promoter sequences derived from two endogenous ubiquitin genes in transgenic Aedes aegypti
Authors: Anderson M. A. E. , Gross T. L. , Myles K. M. , Adelman Z. N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo date, only a limited number of promoter sequences have been described to drive transgene expression in the disease vector Aedes aegypti. We sought to increase this repertoire by characterizing the ability of upstream sequences derived from the Ae. aegypti UbL40 and polyubiquitin genes to drive the expression of marker proteins. Both genomic fragments were able to drive robust expression of luciferase in cultured mosquito cells. Following Mos1‐transformation, the UbL40 promoter drove strong expression of a fluorescent marker in early larvae and in ovaries, while the polyubiquitin promoter drove robust EGFP expression in all stages of development, including constitutive expression throughout the midgut. These promoter fragments provide two new expression profiles for future Ae. aegypti genetic experiments.
Characterization of a vitellogenin gene reveals two phase regulation of vitellogenesis by engorgement and mating in the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae)
Authors: Horigane M. , Shinoda T. , Honda H. , Taylor D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSynthesis of the precursor yolk protein vitellogenin (Vg) occurs after engorgement in haematophagous arthropods. We identified the Vg cDNA of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata (OmVg) and compared its expression in mated and virgin females. Both mated and virgin females showed increases in OmVg expression after engorgement but expression was higher in mated females than virgin females particularly as time advanced. Delayed mating in virgin females induced an increase in OmVg expression. OmVg expression was observed in the midgut and fat body by whole mount in situ hybridization, but enlarged fat body with high expression occurred in only mated females during the late phase of vitellogenesis. Therefore, engorgement initially induces OmVg expression but mating is necessary for continued Vg expression to produce mature eggs.
Cadmium pollution triggers a positive biodiversity–productivity relationship: evidence from a laboratory microcosm experiment
Authors: Li Jin‐Tian , Duan Hong‐Nan , Li Shao‐Peng , Kuang Jia‐Liang , Zeng Yi , Shu Wen‐Sheng 
Published: April 2010

Summary 1. Human activities are greatly changing the conditions of ecosystems. One of these major changes is that more and more ecosystems are facing increasing concentrations of highly toxic heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). Previous studies have shown this type of pollution may be associated with the loss of biodiversity, leaving some pollution‐tolerant species to dominate the polluted ecosystems. To date, however, little is known about the extent to which the pollution caused by these toxins may affect the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. 2. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of Cd pollution in determining biodiversity–productivity relationships in aquatic ecosystems, by using data from a laboratory microcosm experiment that tested 110 algal communities with three levels of Cd pollution. 3. Our results showed that the productivities of algal communities growing in non‐Cd‐polluted media did not significantly increase with increasing species richness, and this pattern did not change over time. In contrast, significantly positive biodiversity–productivity relationships were consistently found in algal communities growing in Cd‐polluted media. 4. We revealed that the putative facilitation among algal species in response to Cd pollution was the main driver of the observed significantly positive biodiversity–productivity relationships. Most importantly, we found that not only Cd‐tolerant algal species but also Cd‐sensitive algal species were able to dominate Cd‐polluted polycultures and contribute to the increased productivities of these polycultures. 5. Synthesis and applications. Collectively, our results provide the first explicit experimental evidence that Cd pollution can trigger a positive biodiversity–productivity relationship. We identify two profound implications: (i) conservation of biodiversity in all environments may reduce the future impacts of increasing environmental stresses (like Cd pollution) on ecosystem function (such as primary productivity); (ii) one possible approach to maintain or improve algal primary productivity in a polluted aquatic ecosystem may be to construct some suitable diverse algal assemblages that include not only pollution‐tolerant species but also pollution‐sensitive ones.
Challenges of foraging on a high‐quality but unpredictable food source: the dynamics of grass production and consumption in savanna grazing lawns
Authors: Bonnet Olivier , Fritz Hervé , Gignoux Jacques , Meuret Michel 
Published: April 2010

Summary 1. Grazing lawns are short grassland areas where intense grazing maintains grass in an early growth stage. These areas represent a source of high‐quality forage for herbivores. However, as herbivores continually remove nearly all the newly accumulated biomass, instantaneous resource availability depends on the dynamics of grass growth. 2. In this study, we investigate how production and consumption inside grazing lawns are synchronized. We then explore how that synchronization affects the ability of large herbivores to use these lawns. We also provide a critical comparison between grazing lawns and intensively managed grasslands in livestock farms. 3. We investigated vegetation production and herbivore grazing activity during a wet and a dry season using clipping experiments and direct observation in two grazing lawns in a South African savanna. 4. Weekly total grazing activity by unit area was strongly and positively related to short‐term primary production. This indicates a close synchronization between these two processes. In contrast, grazing activity was poorly related to standing biomass. Primary production had a threshold response to the weekly pattern of rainfall, implying a stochastic dynamics of grass growth. 5. The dynamics of grass production and consumption of grazing lawns is similar to the one of continuously stocked grazing systems from intensively managed grasslands. But the mechanisms regulating the two systems lead to different equilibrium points between production and consumption. The two systems also have opposed nutritional functions within the animal diet. 6. Synthesis. The close synchronization between resource production and consumption inside grazing lawns indicates that instantaneous resource availability is a direct function of the short‐term rate of grass growth. In tropical savannas, the main source of variability of lawn grass primary productivity is the stochastic nature of short‐term rainfall. As a result, herbivores’ ability to use grazing lawns is poorly predictable in time. This has important consequences on the degree of information herbivores can use in the elaboration of their foraging strategies, and on the potential interest of grazing lawns.