bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics-inspired spatiotemporal-graph AI ensemble for the detection of higher order wave mode signals of spinning binary black hole mergers
Authors: Tian Minyang , Huerta E A , Zheng Huihuo , Kumar Prayush 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a new class of AI models for the detection of quasi-circular, spinning, non-precessing binary black hole mergers whose waveforms include the higher order gravitational wave modes

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harmonics. These AI models combine hybrid dilated convolution neural networks to accurately model both short- and long-range temporal sequential information of gravitational waves; and graph neural networks to capture spatial correlations among gravitational wave observatories to consistently describe and identify the presence of a signal in a three detector network encompassing the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors. We first trained these spatiotemporal-graph AI models using synthetic noise, using 1.2 million modeled waveforms to densely sample this signal manifold, within 1.7 h using 256 NVIDIA A100 GPUs in the Polaris supercomputer at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. This distributed training approach exhibited optimal classification performance, and strong scaling up to 512 NVIDIA A100 GPUs. With these AI ensembles we processed data from a three detector network, and found that an ensemble of 4 AI models achieves state-of-the-art performance for signal detection, and reports two misclassifications for every decade of searched data. We distributed AI inference over 128 GPUs in the Polaris supercomputer and 128 nodes in the Theta supercomputer, and completed the processing of a decade of gravitational wave data from a three detector network within 3.5 h. Finally, we fine-tuned these AI ensembles to process the entire month of February 2020, which is part of the O3b LIGO/Virgo observation run, and found 6 gravitational waves, concurrently identified in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo data, and zero false positives. This analysis was completed in one hour using one NVIDIA A100 GPU.
Ecosystem functional types of the circumpolar Arctic tundra based on the seasonal dynamics of vegetation productivity
Authors: Armstrong Amanda , Alcaraz-Segura Domingo , Raynolds Martha , Epstein Howard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Biodiversity, when viewed through the combined lenses of compositional, structural, and functional attributes, provides for a holistic understanding of the complexities found within community assemblages and ecosystems. However, advancement in our understanding of how ecosystem functional diversity interacts with structural and compositional diversity metrics is lacking, in part because universally applied methodologies to derive ecosystem functional classifications are still under development and vary widely across scales, extents and biomes. This study presents a methodology to construct ecosystem functional types (EFTs), or areas of the land surface that function similarly, using the MODIS NDVI record, for the terrestrial circumpolar Arctic. EFTs were derived from the seasonal dynamics of NDVI, over the Arctic tundra at 250 m resolution and compared to bioclimate subzones and to structurally and compositionally defined vegetation units of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM). Correspondence analyses of CAVM EFTs to previously delineated CAVM bioclimatic subzones, physiognomic (vegetation) units and floristic provinces revealed a general congruence, indicating convergence across composition, structure, and function; yet also demonstrated substantial functional variability even within bioclimate subzones and vegetation units. Strong latitudinal gradients in ecosystem function are present, with EFT richness ranging from low (34) in northernmost regions to high (45) in southernmost regions. Locally, the mountainous regions of northern Alaska, and eastern and western Siberia had high spatial variability in ecosystem functioning. Aside from these generalities, we found that EFTs varied widely within individual mapped vegetation units, successfully capturing the functional dimension of biodiversity across the circumpolar Arctic tundra.
The contribution of pulses to net zero in the UK
Authors: Horril Marcus , Maguire Rosanne , Ingram John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The UK agrifood sector is estimated to be responsible for a quarter of the UK’s territorial greenhouse gas emissions, making it a priority sector for the UK’s net zero commitments by 2050. Pulses have been commonly identified as significant in driving emissions reduction throughout the value chain, whilst also delivering multiple co-benefits for biodiversity, soils, local economy, and human health. This review takes a food systems perspective on the potential of pulses to help achieve net zero in UK agrifood. It explores how pulses can increase the net zero impact of each of the key activities and their associated stakeholders: producers, processors and manufacturers, transportation and storage operators, consumers, and waste handlers. In so doing, the review contributes to a field which tends to focus on the two ends of the value chain (production and consumption), as these have been the areas of main interest to date. It thereby accentuates the ‘missing middle’ (what happens between the farm gate and the plate) in mainstream net zero discussions. While it identifies many opportunities in all food system activities along the entire value chain, it also discusses the significant social, economic and technological barriers to increasing the production and consumption of pulses in the UK. Knowledge of producing pulses has dwindled, yields are not economically competitive, the infrastructure to support processing lacks investment, and consumer behaviour is only slowing shifting towards a more pulse-rich diet. A coordinated shift is required across the pulse system to capitalise on the overall net zero opportunities from ‘fork to farm’.
Nutrition for dementia prevention: a state of the art update for clinicians
Authors: Townsend Rebecca , Fairley Andrea , Gregory Sarah , Ritchie Craig , Stevenson Emma , Shannon Oliver M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and objectives
Dementia prevalence continues to rise. It is therefore essential to provide feasible and effective recommendations to encourage healthy brain ageing and reduce dementia risk across the population. Appropriate nutrition represents a potential strategy to mitigate dementia risk and could be recommended by clinicians as part of mid-life health checks and other health initiatives to reduce dementia prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide a clinician-focused update on the current state of the knowledge on nutrition and dementia prevention.

Methods
Narrative review.

Results
Strong evidence exists to support the consumption of healthy, plant-based dietary patterns (e.g. Mediterranean, MIND or Nordic diet) for maintaining cognitive function and reducing dementia risk in later life and is supported by dementia prevention guideline from leading public health bodies (e.g. World Health Organization). Emerging evidence suggests potential cognitive benefits of consuming specific nutrients/foods (e.g. n-3 fatty acids or fish, flavonols and B-vitamins) and multi-nutrient compounds (e.g. Fortasyn Connect). Challenges and opportunities for integrating nutritional/dietary interventions for dementia prevention into clinical practice are explored in this review.

Conclusions
Appropriate nutrition represents an important factor to help facilitate healthy cognitive ageing and allay dementia risk. The information provided in this article can help clinicians provide informed opinions on appropriate nutritional strategies as part of mid-life Health Checks and other risk reduction initiatives.
The association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cognitive ageing
Authors: van Soest Annick P M , van de Rest Ondine , Witkamp Renger F , de Groot Lisette C P G M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The EAT-Lancet commission has proposed a dietary pattern that is both sustainable and healthy. However, the impact of this diet on cognition in older adults remains unexplored. Therefore, we examined the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cognitive ageing.

Methods
We used data from a previous intervention study involving cognitively healthy community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years. Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was calculated using a recently published index and a 190-item food frequency questionnaire. Global and domain-specific cognitive functioning were assessed at baseline and after 2 years using a neuropsychological test battery. Multivariate-adjusted linear regression was conducted to examine associations between EAT-Lancet diet adherence and cognitive functioning (n = 630) and 2-year change (n = 302).

Results
Greater adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with better global cognitive functioning (β per SD = 3.7 points [95% CI]: 0.04 [0.00, 0.08]) and slower rate of decline (β per SD [95% CI]: 0.05 [0.02, 0.08]). With respect to domain-specific functioning, beneficial associations were observed cross-sectionally for executive functioning (P &lt; 0.01), and longitudinally for change in executive functioning (P &lt; 0.01) and attention and working memory (P &lt; 0.01). The degree of adherence to the EAT-Lancet was not associated with (changes in) information processing speed or episodic memory.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that greater adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with better global cognitive functioning and slower cognitive decline among cognitively healthy older adults. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and assess the potential benefits of the EAT-Lancet diet for the ageing population in a broader context.
The effect of current antithrombotic therapy on mortality in nursing home residents with COVID-19: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Boutkourt Firdaouss , van Haaps Thijs , Brüggemann Reneé , Bhoelan Soerajja , ten Cate Hugo , Kruip Marieke J H A , Spaetgens Bart , van Es Nick , Roest Tineke , Joling Karlijn J , Meijer Karina , Hugtenburg Jacqueline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The first wave of COVID led to an alarmingly high mortality rate among nursing home residents (NHRs). In hospitalised patients, the use of anticoagulants may be associated with a favourable prognosis. However, it is unknown whether the use of antithrombotic medication also protected NHRs from COVID-19-related mortality.

Objectives
To investigate the effect of current antithrombotic therapy in NHRs with COVID-19 on 30-day all-cause mortality during the first COVID-19 wave.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study linking electronic health records and pharmacy data in NHRs with COVID-19. A propensity score was used to match NHRs with current use of therapeutic dose anticoagulants to NHRs not using anticoagulant medication. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality, which was evaluated using a logistic regression model. In a secondary analysis, multivariable logistic regression was performed in the complete study group to compare NHRs with current use of therapeutic dose anticoagulants and those with current use of antiplatelet therapy to those without such medication.

Results
We included 3521 NHRs with COVID-19 based on a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 or with a well-defined clinical suspicion of COVID-19. In the matched propensity score analysis, NHRs with current use of therapeutic dose anticoagulants had a significantly lower all-cause mortality (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58–0.92) compared to NHRs who did not use therapeutic anticoagulants. In the secondary analysis, current use of therapeutic dose anticoagulants (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.48–0.82) and current use of antiplatelet therapy (OR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.64–0.99) were both associated with decreased mortality.

Conclusions
During the first COVID-19 wave, therapeutic anticoagulation and antiplatelet use were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in NHRs. Whether these potentially protective effects are maintained in vaccinated patients or patients with other COVID-19 variants, remains unknown.
Anatomical Insights on the Cervical Nerve for Contemporary Face and Neck Lifting: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Cakmak Ozcan , Buyuklu Fuat , Kaya Kerem Sami , Babakurban Seda Türkoglu , Bogari Ahmad , Tunalı Selçuk 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite the significant roles it plays in the functions of the platysma and lower lip, the cervical branch of the facial nerve is often overlooked compared to other branches, but its consideration is critical for ensuring the safety of neck surgeries.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to clarify the anatomical discrepancies associated with the cervical branch of the facial nerve to enhance surgical safety.

Methods
The study utilized 20 fresh-frozen hemiheads. A 2-stage surgical procedure was employed, beginning with an initial deep-plane facelift including extensive neck dissection, followed by a superficial parotidectomy on fresh-frozen cadavers. This approach allowed for a thorough exploration and mapping of the cervical nerve in relation to its surrounding anatomical structures.

Results
Upon exiting the parotid gland, the cervical nerve consistently traveled beneath the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia for a brief distance, traversing the deep fascia to travel within the areolar connective tissue before terminating anteriorly in the platysma muscle. A single branch was observed in 2 cases, while 2 branches were noted in 18 cases.

Conclusions
The cervical nerve's relatively deeper position below the mandible's angle facilitates a safer subplatysmal dissection via a lateral approach for the release of the cervical retaining ligaments. Due to the absence of a protective barrier, the nerve is more susceptible to injuries from direct trauma or thermal damage caused by electrocautery, especially during median approaches.
Complete Vision Recovery After Filler-Induced Blindness Using Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Friedman Rebecca , Coombs Allison V , Stevens Shanlee , Lisman Richard D , Chiu Ernest S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Injecting soft-tissue fillers, such as hyaluronic acid, has become an extremely popular method of facial augmentation. Although rare, adverse effects, ranging from cosmetically dissatisfactory to dangerous, may occur. The most severe adverse effect of these is vascular occlusion of the central retinal artery, resulting in vision loss. Protocols for the treatment of filler-induced blindness have not been well established, but there is evidence to suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) may aid in the therapeutic algorithm for filler-induced blindness. We present a clinical case of filler-induced blindness successfully treated with prompt administration of HBOT. A 38-year-old healthy female presented to the emergency room after immediate pain and complete vision loss following an at-home injection of mail-order filler into the left glabella and medial eyebrow. After treatment with hyaluronidase and ocular massage, neither of which relieved her symptoms, she received HBOT within 10 h of the injury, after which her vision improved significantly. After 2 additional sessions, the patient had complete vision recovery. This case report contributes to the very sparse literature documenting successful treatment of filler-induced blindness using HBOT, advocating for further study, and possible incorporation into the treatment algorithm for filler-induced blindness. Improper soft-tissue filler administration possesses a potential risk of severe adverse effects. It is crucial that the medical community is aware of treatments that offer the highest chance of visual recovery and sustained benefit for patients.

Level of Evidence: 5
gMCSpy: efficient and accurate computation of genetic minimal cut sets in Python
Authors: Rodriguez-Flores Carlos J , Barrena Naroa , Olaverri-Mendizabal Danel , Ochoa Idoia , Valcárcel Luis V , Planes Francisco J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The identification of minimal genetic interventions that modulate metabolic processes constitutes one of the most relevant applications of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs). The concept of Minimal Cut Sets (MCSs) and its extension at the gene level, genetic Minimal Cut Sets (gMCSs), have attracted increasing interest in the field of Systems Biology to address this task. Different computational tools have been developed to calculate MCSs and gMCSs using both commercial and open-source software.

Results
Here, we present gMCSpy, an efficient Python package to calculate gMCSs in GEMs using both commercial and non-commercial optimization solvers. We show that gMCSpy substantially overperforms our previous computational tool GMCS, which exclusively relied on commercial software. Moreover, we compared gMCSpy with recently published competing algorithms in the literature, finding significant improvements in both accuracy and computation time. All these advances make gMCSpy an attractive tool for researchers in the field of Systems Biology for different applications in health and biotechnology.

Availability and implementation
The Python package gMCSpy and the data underlying this manuscript can be accessed at: https://github.com/PlanesLab/gMCSpy.
Incidence and trends of first basal cell carcinomas in France between 1980 and 2019: a regional population-based registry study
Authors: Hammas Karima , Nardin Charlée , Boyer Séverine , Michel Catherine , Aubin François , Woronoff Anne-Sophie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignancy reported in populations with fair skin. In most countries, BCCs are only partially or not at all recorded, and incidence data are lacking.

Objectives
This study assessed the current incidence rates and trends in the only two French départements where BCCs have been recorded for several decades.

Methods
This regional population-based study thus used data from two French cancer registries (Doubs and Haut-Rhin) where first-time BCC diagnoses were recorded. The European age-standardized incidence rates (EASR) were calculated per 100 000 person-years (PY). The trends and the annual percentages of change were assessed using joinpoint analysis.

Results
In all, 48 989 patients were diagnosed with a first BCC in the study period. The median age at diagnosis was 69 years and the BCCs were mainly located on the head and neck (68.8%). In the Doubs area between 1980 and 2016, the EASR of BCC increased from 59.9 to 183.1 per 100 000 PY. The annual increase for men was 5.73% before 1999 and 1.49% thereafter, and among women 4.56% before 2001 and 1.31% thereafter. In the Haut-Rhin area, the EASR increased from 139.2 in 1991 to 182.8 per 100 000 PY in 2019. Among men, the EASR increased annually by 2.31% before 2000, and by 0.29% after 2000; among women, it increased by 0.95% over the entire period (1991–2019). In the most recent period and for these two départements, the age-specific incidence rates of BCC for men and women were close before the age of 60 years, except for the 40–49-year age group, where the rates were significantly higher among women. For patients aged 60 years and over, men had much higher rates of BCC.

Conclusions
BCC incidence has increased since 1980 and is still rising, particularly among men and the elderly. A slowing was observed from 2000, which could be explained by a shift in the management of BCCs and by the possible efficacy of prevention actions. This study provides insight into the BCC burden in France and highlights the need to maintain effective prevention strategies, as incidence is still increasing.
What is the optimum post treatment surveillance imaging protocol for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritoneii?
Authors: Dempsey Philip J , Power Jack W , Yates Andrew H , Martín-Román Lorena , Aird John J , Mulsow Jürgen , Fenlon Helen M , Cronin Carmel G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare and can be associated with the development of disseminated peritoneal disease known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Mucinous tumours identified on appendicectomy are therefore followed up to assess for recurrence and the development of PMP. In addition, individuals who initially present with PMP and are treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) are followed up to assess for recurrence. However, despite the concerted efforts of multiple expert groups, the optimal imaging follow-up protocol is yet to be established. The purpose of this article is to review the available evidence for imaging surveillance in these populations to identify the optimum post-resection imaging follow-up protocol.
Association between anaesthesia–surgery team sex diversity and major morbidity
Authors: Hallet Julie , Sutradhar Rinku , Flexman Alana , McIsaac Daniel I , Carrier François M , Turgeon Alexis F , McCartney Colin , Chan Wing C , Coburn Natalie , Eskander Antoine , Jerath Angela , Perez d’Empaire Pablo , Lorello Gianni 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Team diversity is recognized not only as an equity issue but also a catalyst for improved performance through diversity in knowledge and practices. However, team diversity data in healthcare are limited and it is not known whether it may affect outcomes in surgery. This study examined the association between anaesthesia–surgery team sex diversity and postoperative outcomes.

Methods
This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of adults undergoing major inpatient procedures between 2009 and 2019. The exposure was the hospital percentage of female anaesthetists and surgeons in the year of surgery. The outcome was 90-day major morbidity. Restricted cubic splines were used to identify a clinically meaningful dichotomization of team sex diversity, with over 35% female anaesthetists and surgeons representing higher diversity. The association with outcomes was examined using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Of 709 899 index operations performed at 88 hospitals, 90-day major morbidity occurred in 14.4%. The median proportion of female anaesthetists and surgeons was 28 (interquartile range 25–31)% per hospital per year. Care in hospitals with higher sex diversity (over 35% female) was associated with reduced odds of 90-day major morbidity (OR 0.97, 95% c.i. 0.95 to 0.99; P = 0.02) after adjustment. The magnitude of this association was greater for patients treated by female anaesthetists (OR 0.92, 0.88 to 0.97; P = 0.002) and female surgeons (OR 0.83, 0.76 to 0.90; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Care in hospitals with greater anaesthesia–surgery team sex diversity was associated with better postoperative outcomes. Care in a hospital reaching a critical mass with over 35% female anaesthetists and surgeons, representing higher team sex-diversity, was associated with a 3% lower odds of 90-day major morbidity.