bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use intensification causes the spatial contraction of woody-plant based ecosystem services in southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Duguma Dula W. , Law Elizabeth , Shumi Girma , Schultner Jannik , Abson David J. , Fischer Joern 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegrating biodiversity conservation and food production is vital, particularly in the tropics where many landscapes are highly biodiverse, and where people directly depend on local ecosystems services that are linked to woody vegetation. Thus, it is important to understand how woody vegetation and the benefits associated with it could change under different land-use scenarios. Using a comprehensive, interdisciplinary study in southwestern Ethiopia, we modeled current and future availability of woody plant-based ecosystem services under four scenarios of landscape change. Land-use scenarios with intensified food or cash crop cultivation would lead to the contraction of woody-plant based ecosystem services from farmland to forest patches, increasing pressure on remaining forest patches. This raises questions about the viability of conventional intensification combined with land sparing—where conservation and production are separated—as a viable strategy for conservation in tropical landscapes where woody-plant based ecosystem services are vital to the lives of local communities.
A domain knowledge-based interpretable deep learning system for improving clinical breast ultrasound diagnosis
Authors: Yan Lin , Liang Zhiying , Zhang Hao , Zhang Gaosong , Zheng Weiwei , Han Chunguang , Yu Dongsheng , Zhang Hanqi , Xie Xinxin , Liu Chang , Zhang Wenxin , Zheng Hui , Pei Jing , Shen Dinggang , Qian Xuejun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Though deep learning has consistently demonstrated advantages in the automatic interpretation of breast ultrasound images, its black-box nature hinders potential interactions with radiologists, posing obstacles for clinical deployment.

Methods
We proposed a domain knowledge-based interpretable deep learning system for improving breast cancer risk prediction via paired multimodal ultrasound images. The deep learning system was developed on 4320 multimodal breast ultrasound images of 1440 biopsy-confirmed lesions from 1348 prospectively enrolled patients across two hospitals between August 2019 and December 2022. The lesions were allocated to 70% training cohort, 10% validation cohort, and 20% test cohort based on case recruitment date.

Results
Here, we show that the interpretable deep learning system can predict breast cancer risk as accurately as experienced radiologists, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.902 (95% confidence interval = 0.882 – 0.921), sensitivity of 75.2%, and specificity of 91.8% on the test cohort. With the aid of the deep learning system, particularly its inherent explainable features, junior radiologists tend to achieve better clinical outcomes, while senior radiologists experience increased confidence levels. Multimodal ultrasound images augmented with domain knowledge-based reasoning cues enable an effective human-machine collaboration at a high level of prediction performance.

Conclusions
Such a clinically applicable deep learning system may be incorporated into future breast cancer screening and support assisted or second-read workflows.
Anti-Kasha's rule in phenothiazine derivatives and metal–organic frameworks: mechanism investigation and application in hypochlorite detection
Authors: Wu Tingting , Lei Mingyuan , Ge Fayuan , Liu Yang , Xia Minqi , Yang Lijun , Zheng Hegen 
Published: May 2024

Two phenothiazine derivatives and a Cd-MOF (Cd-PTZ-db) were synthesised and investigated for their anti-Kasha’s rule emissions in solid state. Cd-PTZ-db can be further applied for the detection of ClO− (hypochlorite).
A novel measurement‐protection‐integrated current transformer based on hybrid core and magnetic field sensor
Authors: Zhang Zhexuan , Chen Baichao , Tian Cuihua , Chen Yaojun , Wang Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent transformers (CTs) are widely used for energy metering, relay protection, condition monitoring and control circuits. However, CT saturation may lead to non‐negligible measurement errors and relay malfunctions, posing a threat to the stability and security of the power grid. In order to address the problem of CT saturation, a novel measurement‐protection‐integrated current transformer (MPICT) is proposed. First, the working states of the MPICT are summarised and the approximate expressions for the steady‐state measuring characteristics, the transient response characteristics, and the measurement errors are derived from the equivalent circuit model. Then, the feasibility of the MPICT and the theoretical analyses are verified by the 3D FEM simulation imitating the presented MPICT excited by diverse currents. Finally, a down‐scale prototype is fabricated and a series of tests are conducted in the laboratory to validate the effectiveness of the equipment. The simulation and experimental results suggest that the output of the MPICT can accurately reconstruct the primary current waveform, even if the primary current contains decaying or constant DC component.
Influence of chemical composition and discontinuities on energy transformation and rock mass behaviour: Insights into geological dynamic
Authors: Abbas Naeem , Li Kegang , Fissha Yewuhalashet , Gebrehiwot Zemicael , Ikeda Hajime , Ali Mujahid , Toriya Hisatoshi , Adachi Tsuyoshi , Kawamura Youhei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, efforts were made to incorporate the influence of discontinuities and failure modes of rock into the classification of rock masses. The past tectonic activities may create microfractures in the rock body therefore the failure moods have been determined carefully under uniaxial compression. The results of the discontinuity analysis, conducted through kinematic study, highlighted the significant impact of wedge failure on the failure of the rock mass. In correlating the geological strength index with rock mass rating, it was observed that joint volume played a negative role, whereas compressive strength played a positive role. These correlations are particularly applicable for a certain rock type, as the compressive strength is inherently dependent on the type of rock. The analysis of failure modes under uniaxial compression reveals that the dissipation energy coefficient initially undergoes rapid increase before reaching its minimum value at the failure stage. The microstructures of the rock effect significantly the elastic and dissipation energy characteristics. Specifically, the axial splitting failure mode emerges as predominant. Given the area's past tectonic activity, these results emphasize the impact of microfractures within the rock body. Relating the failure criteria with the chemical composition of rock types reveals that rocks abundant in SiO2, such as gabbronorite, tend to exhibit brittle failure. Additionally, a dominance of Al2O3 over Fe2O3 suggests a predisposition towards brittle failure, while an increased ratio of CaO to MgO implies increased susceptibility to compression.
High-precision spectral inversions: Determining what is important for the accurate definition of incident radiation boundary conditions
Authors: Gunár S. , Heinzel P. 
Published: May 2024

Context. Spectral inversions are used to analyse spectroscopic observations with the aim of deriving the physical properties of the observed plasma, such as the kinetic temperature, density, pressure, degree of ionisation, or macroscopic velocities. One of the key factors ensuring the high precision of the derived plasma properties is having accurately defined input parameters of the models on which spectral inversions rely. The illumination, which chromospheric and coronal structures receive from the solar surface (and corona), is one of the most crucial input parameters of these models.
Aims. We do not perform spectral inversions in this work. Our aim is to study two important factors that contribute to the accurate definition of the incident radiation boundary conditions: the altitude above the solar surface and the dynamics of the illuminated plasma. This investigation takes into account a diverse range of solar structures from the high-rising eruptive prominences to low-lying spicules.
Methods. To study the influence of the altitude and dynamics of the observed plasma on the incident radiation boundary conditions, we used geometrical principles valid for any spectral line. However, to demonstrate the strong impact of dynamics, we considered the specific case of narrow spectral lines of Mg II H&K, which are highly sensitive to the presence of velocities.
Results. We argue that the altitude of the illuminated plasma strongly influences the way we need to define the incident radiation boundary conditions to achieve the most accurate results. For low-lying structures, generally below 50 000 km, the incident radiation may need to be specified directly from the composition of the portion of the solar disc that illuminates them. For high-altitude structures, generally above 300 000 km, the fraction of the solar disc illuminating the analysed plasma is large enough to be realistically approximated by the composition of the entire disc. We also show that for the narrow spectral lines, such as the Mg II H&K lines, the impact of dynamics on the incident radiation intensity and profile shapes starts from radial velocities of 30 km s−1. Such velocities are even exhibited by the fine structures of quiescent prominences and are easily exceeded in spicules or eruptive prominences.
Conclusions. The two aspects of the incident radiation definition studied here are relevant for spectral inversions based on any kind of modelling approach. However, their impact on the precision of the results of spectral inversions is likely less significant than the impact of the choice of the complexity of the model geometry, for example.
Using autoencoders and deep transfer learning to determine the stellar parameters of 286 CARMENES M dwarfs
Authors: Mas-Buitrago P. , González-Marcos A. , Solano E. , Passegger V. M. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Ordieres-Meré J. , Bello-García A. , Caballero J. A. , Schweitzer A. , Tabernero H. M. , Montes D. , Cifuentes C. 
Published: May 2024

Context. Deep learning (DL) techniques are a promising approach among the set of methods used in the ever-challenging determination of stellar parameters in M dwarfs. In this context, transfer learning could play an important role in mitigating uncertainties in the results due to the synthetic gap (i.e. difference in feature distributions between observed and synthetic data).
Aims. We propose a feature-based deep transfer learning (DTL) approach based on autoencoders to determine stellar parameters from high-resolution spectra. Using this methodology, we provide new estimations for the effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, and projected rotational velocity for 286 M dwarfs observed by the CARMENES survey.
Methods. Using autoencoder architectures, we projected synthetic PHOENIX-ACES spectra and observed CARMENES spectra onto a new feature space of lower dimensionality in which the differences between the two domains are reduced. We used this low-dimensional new feature space as input for a convolutional neural network to obtain the stellar parameter determinations.
Results. We performed an extensive analysis of our estimated stellar parameters, ranging from 3050 to 4300 K, 4.7 to 5.1 dex, and −0.53 to 0.25 dex for Teff, log 𝑔, and [Fe/H], respectively. Our results are broadly consistent with those of recent studies using CARMENES data, with a systematic deviation in our Teff scale towards hotter values for estimations above 3750 K. Furthermore, our methodology mitigates the deviations in metallicity found in previous DL techniques due to the synthetic gap.
Conclusions. We consolidated a DTL-based methodology to determine stellar parameters in M dwarfs from synthetic spectra, with no need for high-quality measurements involved in the knowledge transfer. These results suggest the great potential of DTL to mitigate the differences in feature distributions between the observations and the PHOENIX-ACES spectra.
Combining inertial navigation with transacetabular ligament in total hip arthroplasty via direct anterior approach results in excellent accuracy compared to standard manual technique
Authors: Maes Vincent , Cossetto David 
Published: May 2024

Background: Correct acetabular component placement plays a critical role in reducing early revisions after dislocations in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) guides anteversion, inclination can only be accurately guided by navigation. In order to overcome the initial disadvantages with navigation, an imageless, easy-to-use inertial navigation system has been recently introduced. This study aims to analyze the accuracy of inclination with this navigation system compared to the standard manual technique. Methods: Two cohorts, manual technique (MT) and navigation (NAV) cohorts, consisted of 83 and 95 patients, respectively, after exclusion criteria were applied. Inclination target was 38° and anteversion was guided by TAL. Demographic data were collected, and anteroposterior (AP) pelvic and cross-table lateral radiographs were obtained 6 weeks post-operatively. Inclination and anteversion were determined on the AP pelvic and cross-table lateral radiograph, respectively. Results: A mean inclination of 41.8° (±6.8°) and 38.9° (±4.4°) was found in the MT and NAV cohorts, respectively. There was no statistical difference in gender, age, and BMI. If the inclination was set within 10° of the target (i.e., 38°), 88% of the MT cohort and 97% of the NAV cohort were within the target zone. Accuracy decreased to 53% and 83%, respectively, if the target zone range was narrowed down to ± 5°. Conclusion: Combining inertial imageless navigation for inclination and TAL as a landmark for anteversion is significantly more accurate compared to the manual technique, without having the limitations and disadvantages of current standard navigational techniques.
IT-Angriffe an Kliniken
Authors: Pfenninger Ernst , Königsdorfer Manuel 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungKliniken gehören per definitionem zur kritischen Infrastruktur eines Landes. Vermehrt sind in den vergangenen Jahren Krankenhäuser Ziel von Hackerangriffen mit der Folge einer wochen- bis sogar monatelangen Beeinträchtigung ihrer Handlungsfähigkeit geworden. Gemäß der „Nationalen Strategie zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen (KRITIS-Strategie)“ sind Kliniken gesetzlich verpflichtet, dagegen Vorsorge zu treffen. Dazu sollten IT-abhängige Prozesse in einer Klinik evaluiert, definiert und Ausfallkonzepte erarbeitet werden, um auf einen Cyberangriff vorbereitet zu sein. Spezifisch auf einen EDV-Ausfall zugeschnittene Notfallpläne sollten in allen IT-abhängigen Bereichen einer Klinik erstellt und vorgehalten werden. Zudem sollten papierbasierte Ersatzlösungen, wie z. B. Anforderungsbelege für Diagnostik- oder Konsilleistungen, abteilungsspezifische Notfalldokumente und Patientendokumentationskurven an einem gut zugänglichen und den Mitarbeitenden des jeweiligen Bereichs
bekannten Ort vorgehalten werden. Die vollständige Wiederherstellung eines Kliniknetzwerks nach einem Cyberangriff erfordert häufig eine umfassende Wiederherstellung zahlreicher IT-Systeme. Dies kann u. U. Wochen bis Monate dauern. Wenn das Krankenhaus über solide Pläne zur Cyber-Notfallvorsorge verfügt, die regelmäßige Scans und Backups in Echtzeit umfassen, können eine Stabilisierung und ein schnelleres Wiederanlaufen des Betriebs möglich sein.
Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) – Related
Osteoporosis
Authors: Zavatta Guido , Di Dalmazi Guido 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) has thus far been associated with
several comorbidities, among which osteoporosis and fractures appear to be
highly prevalent. Recent guidelines for adrenal incidentalomas have updated the
definition of MACS, currently formulated on serum cortisol after a 1-mg
dexamethasone test above 1.8 µg/dL or 50 nmol/L. Previous studies on bone health
in adrenal incidentalomas had adopted different definitions of MACS, producing
heterogeneous results in terms of fracture prevalence. This review aims to
summarize the clinical impact of MACS in relation to fractures, bone quantity
and quality, by providing a thorough update on MACS-related osteoporosis
(MACS-ROP). This area has a large room for research, and management of this
comorbidity still needs to be elucidated.
The Potential of QP3VH-Chitosan Peptide as Biomimetic Remineralization in Early Dental Caries Treatment: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Agusmawanti Prima , Ratih Diatri Nari , Purwanti Nunuk , Raharjo Tri Joko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives The development of remineralization biomimetics using organic peptide molecules is expected to resemble the hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization process in tooth enamel. The development of an amelogenin derivative peptide combined with antimicrobial peptide was designed, resulting in QP3VH. This combination then was mixed with chitosan as a carrier. This study aimed to evaluate the biomimetic efficacy of QP3VH as a remineralizing agent combined with chitosan.
Materials and Methods Fifty deciduous mandibular incisor enamel samples were used in this study. The artificial enamel lesions were created on a buccal surface and were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 each according to the remineralizing agent used: QP3VH, NaF, QP3VH + NaF, QP3VH + CS (QP3VH + chitosan), and saline distilled water (SDW). Each group was performed pH cycling for seven days. Enamel surface morphology and evaluation of mineral content Ca/P (calcium and phosphate) using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The assessment was carried out, after demineralization, and after application with remineralization agents.
Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by least significance difference post-hoc test. The paired t-test was utilized to compare the demineralization and remineralization results. The significance level used was 95%.
Results The remineralized group exhibited a significant increase in calcium and phosphate content on the enamel surface (p <0.05), and QP3VH + CS produced the maximum Ca/P mass percent after remineralization.
Conclusion Combining QP3VH with chitosan produces greatest remineralization than QP3VH, QP3VH + NaF, Naf, and SDW; therefore, QP3VH peptide has potential as a remineralizing agent, in the future
Chapter 3: Setting the Hearing Aid Response and Verifying Signal Processing and Features in the Test Box
Authors: Palmer Catherine , Zitelli Lori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe test box can be used for fitting hearing aids (verifying audibility for the individual), for setting and fine-tuning specific signal processing (e.g., directional microphones, noise reduction, frequency lowering, telecoil responses), and for setting the response for specific accessories (e.g., remote microphones). If you have selected these features for your patient, it is important to make sure they are working properly and turned on. In addition, these tests can help you address specific patient complaints. Let us start by using the test box to pre-set a hearing aid and then we will move on to speech tests of signal processing and features.
Chapter 5: Setting the Hearing Aid Response and Verifying Signal Processing and Features with Real-Ear Probe Microphone Measures
Authors: Zitelli Lori , Palmer Catherine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe real-ear probe microphone system provides a powerful tool to individual hearing aid fittings accounting for your patient's hearing and ear canal characteristics. The primary treatment for hearing loss is audibility, returning an audible signal across frequencies and input levels given the constraints of the hearing loss. This chapter will provide detailed information on the measures needed to individualize the hearing aid fitting and will present various clinical scenarios that will allow you to work with this information and see how you apply this knowledge clinically. You will explore the verification of signal processing and features that allow you to support your patients.
A Reappraisal of the Accuracy of the Tactile Method for the Detection of the Subgingival Cementoenamel Junction: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Mokhagul Jaruta , Lertpimonchai Attawood , Samaranayake Lakshman , Charatkulangkun Orawan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives This article reappraises the accuracy and factors associated with the detection of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) using the tactile method.
Materials and Methods A total of 111 tooth sites of 7 patients scheduled for flap surgery were selected for the study. The CEJ was detected in a blind manner using the conventional tactile method with a standard periodontal probe by a single, trained examiner. A custom-made stent was prepared to standardize the measurements and the distance from a fixed reference point on the stent to the CEJ was measured before (apparent CEJ) and after (real CEJ) opening a gingival flap. To evaluate the effect of local anesthesia (LA) on the measurement error, assessment with and without LA given prior to the measurement was also evaluated. The bone crest-CEJ distance at each site was also recorded in all sites.
Statistical Analysis The measurement error of apparent versus real distance, if any, was compared using Cohen's weighted kappa coefficient (WKC) (± 1 mm).
Results A weak WKC (WKC = 0.539) was found between the apparent and real CEJ distance. Higher WKCs were noted at posterior and proximal sites than the anterior and buccal/lingual sites, respectively (0.840 and 0.545 vs. 0.475 and 0.488). A higher confluence of the agreements was noted when CEJ distance was measured in anesthetized sites (WKC = 0.703). Sites without bone loss showed more coronal deviation of CEJ detection, as opposed to apical deviation seen at sites with bone loss.
Conclusion The conventional CEJ detection using the tactile method was relatively imprecise depending on the anatomical location of the tooth and the bone loss at the site of measurement. However, the detection accuracy improved when the sites were anesthetized. In clinical terms, our data, reported here for the first time imply that, in the absence of visual cues, posterior tooth site measurements of periodontal attachment loss were more reliable in comparison to the other sites. The bone crest level also impacted the measurement deviation to some extent, implying that, possible overestimate of clinical attachment loss may occur at sites without bone loss.