bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐fat diet based on trienantin has no adverse metabolic effects in rats
Authors: de Melo Lucena Ana L. , Lima de Oliveira Suzana , da Rocha Ataide Terezinha , Ximenes da Silva Adriana , Rêgo Cabral Cyro , de Almeida Rabello Oliveira Marcela , Martins Porto de Souza Thaisa , Rodrigues de Mendonça Clara , Fernandes Lima Carindja M. , do Carmo Lins Vasconcelos Balwani Maria 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the metabolic effects of a high‐fat diet based on trienantin, an uncommon medium‐odd‐chain triacylglycerol. Male Wistar rats (33.37 ± 5.69 g) (n = 3×10) were maintained for 6 weeks on a control diet (7 g soya oil/100 g) or a high‐fat diet based on trienantin (40 g margarine, 4 g soya oil and 25.79 g trienantin/100 g), or a high‐fat diet based on soya oil (40 g margarine and 29.79 g soya oil/100 g). The serum lipid profile, hepatic function and injury markers, and renal function and injury markers were determined. Samples of liver, stomach, kidney and small intestine were collected for histological analysis. The animals fed the high‐fat diet based on trienantin exhibited a lower body weight gain in relation to the control group, between the second and fifth week of the experiment. There were no differences amongst the biochemical markers of the three groups (p ≥0.05). Lipid infiltration of the hepatocytes was detected in a similar manner in all groups (p ≥0.05). These data demonstrate that the high‐fat diet based on trienantin did not promote adverse metabolic effects under the conditions of this study. This could serve as a reference parameter in the evaluation of the safety of its therapeutic application.
Kinetics of commercial olive oil oxidation: Dynamic differential scanning calorimetry and Rancimat studies
Authors: Ostrowska‐Ligeza Ewa , Bekas Witold , Kowalska Dorota , Lobacz Marta , Wroniak Malgorzata , Kowalski Boleslaw 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFour samples of olive oil were oxidized under polythermal (dynamic) conditions in the cell of a normal‐pressure differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and in the Metrohm Rancimat apparatus. The DSC experiments were carried out in an oxygen flow atmosphere using different linearly programmed heating rates in the range of 4–20 °C/min. Through DSC exotherms, the extrapolated onset temperatures were determined and used for the assessment of the thermal‐oxidative stabilities of the samples. Using the Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall method and the Arrhenius equation, the activation energies (Ea), pre‐exponential factors (Z) and reaction rate constants (k) for oil oxidation under DSC conditions were calculated. The Rancimat measurements of oxidation induction times were carried out under isothermal conditions in an air atmosphere at temperatures from 100 to 140 °C with intervals of 10 °C. Using the Arrhenius‐type correlation between the inverse of the induction times and the absolute temperature of the measurements, Ea, Z, and k for oil oxidation under Rancimat conditions were calculated. The primary kinetic parameters derived from both methods were qualitatively consistent and they help to evaluate the oxidative stabilities of oils at increased temperatures.
Influence of monoacylglycerols on growth inhibition of micromycetes in vitro and on bread
Authors: Buňková Leona , Krejčí Jiří , Janiš Rahula , Kašpárková Věra , Vltavská Pavlína , Kulendová Lucie , Buňka František 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe antifungal activity of monoacylglycerols with 8, 10 and 12 carbon chains (1‐monocaprylin, 1‐monocaprin and 1‐monolaurin) against filamentous fungi isolated from contaminated bread (Penicillium piceum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium sp. and Monascus ruber) as well as against the selected microorganisms (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium jensenii, Alternaria sp. and Phoma sp.) was investigated. All the tested monoacylglycerols showed antifungal efficacy at concentrations equal to or higher than 32.5 mg/L. Monolaurin shows a better inhibition effect against M. ruber, and the growth of Penicillium species was better inhibited with monocaprin and monocaprylin. Application of aqueous solutions of monoacylglycerols on the surface of freshly baked bread prevents its deterioration for at least 14 days, even during the storage in an environment strongly contaminated with tested microorganisms. Protection of bread loaf surfaces using monoacylglycerols solutions seems to be suitable procedure for treatment of bakery products with a prolonged storage period.
Preparation of stearidonic acid‐enriched triacylglycerols from Echium plantagineum seed oil
Authors: Rincón‐Cervera Miguel Á. , Guil‐Guerrero José L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHPLC analysis of Echium plantagineum seed oil shows a complex triacylglycerol (TAG) profile. TAG species were separated on an analytical scale by HPLC and their fatty acid (FA) composition is reported. GLC analyses showed that some TAG fractions reached a stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n‐3) percentage significantly higher than that in the original oil. TAG separation on a bigger scale was also essayed, by means of a gravimetric normal‐phase chromatographic column, using silver ion‐silica gel as stationary phase. Gradient elution with solvents of increasing polarity was applied, allowing the separation of valuable TAG species containing γ‐linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n‐6), α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) and SDA as the main constituents (more than 85% of the total FA). An enzymatic hydrolysis reaction showed the distribution of FA in the isolated species of TAG. SDA was the major FA in the sn‐2 position (more than 50% of total FA), followed by ALA (19%) and GLA (18.5%).
Phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by long‐gradient nanoflow LC coupled with multiple stage MS analysis
Authors: Han Guanghui , Ye Mingliang , Liu Hongwei , Song Chunxia , Sun Deguang , Wu Yifeng , Jiang Xinning , Chen Rui , Wang Chunli , Wang Liming , Zou Hanfa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractReversible protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in liver development and function. Comprehensively cataloging the phosphoproteins and their phosphorylation sites in human liver tissue will facilitate the understanding of physiological and pathological mechanisms of liver. Owing to lacking of efficient approach to fractionate phosphopeptides, nanoflow‐RPLC with long‐gradient elution was applied to reduce the complexity of the phosphopeptides in this study. Two approaches were performed to further improve the coverage of phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue. In one approach, ten‐replicated long‐gradient LC‐MS/MS runs were performed to analyze the enriched phosphopeptides, which resulted in the localization of 1080 phosphorylation sites from 495 proteins. In another approach, proteins from liver tissue were first fractionated by SDS‐PAGE and then long‐gradient LC‐MS/MS analysis was performed to analyze the phosphopeptides derived from each fraction, which resulted in the localization of 1786 phosphorylation sites from 911 proteins. The two approaches showed the complementation in phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue. Combining the results of the two approaches, identification of 2225 nonredundant phosphorylation sites from 1023 proteins was obtained. The confidence of phosphopeptide identifications was strictly controlled with false discovery rate (FDR)≤1% by a MS2/MS3 target‐decoy database search approach. Among the localized 2225 phosphorylated sites, as many as 70.07% (1559 phosphorylated sites) were also reported by others, which confirmed the high confidence of the sites determined in this study. Considering the data acquired from low accuracy mass spectrometer and processed by a conservative MS2/MS3 target‐decoy approach, the number of localized phosphorylation sites obtained for human liver tissue in this study is quite impressive.
Laccase production from oil palm industry solid waste: Statistical optimization of selected process parameters
Authors: Annuar M. Suffian M. , Murthy Sangeetha Sammantha , Sabanatham Vikineswary 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOil palm frond parenchyma tissue was used as a solid substrate for the production of laccase via solid‐state fermentation using the white rot fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus. With a rectangular aluminium tray as solid‐state fermentation bioreactor, process parameters such as bed height, moisture and supplemented nitrogen (as urea solution) levels were studied and optimized using a statistical design of experiment. The moisture level exerted a significant effect on the process. The interaction effect observed between bed height and supplemented nitrogen level suggested that uniform distribution of supplemented nitrogen into the substrate bed was important. The proposed regression model sufficiently predicted the process response over the experimental range tested. The optimum parameter combination for laccase production was a 3‐cm bed height, 72% w/w moisture and 0.21% w/v supplemented nitrogen. Laccase productivity remained constant when the tray size was increased from 1.4 to 3.4‐fold.
A multimedia activity model for ionizable compounds: Validation study with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, aniline, and trimethoprim
Authors: Franco Antonio , Trapp Stefan 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Fugacity models are widely adopted for the environmental exposure assessment of organic chemicals but are inconvenient for nonvolatile substances, such as ionizable chemicals. The activity approach is a robust alternative to the fugacity concept and provides the thermodynamically exact equations to describe the behavior of neutral and ionizable molecules in nonideal systems. A multimedia activity model applicable to neutral and ionizable molecules (MAMI) was developed and tested for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the bases aniline and trimethoprim. The model features pH and ionic strength dependence and species-specific estimations of partition coefficients from physicochemical properties. Sorption estimates consider both lipophilic and electrical interactions. A realistic regional exposure scenario was simulated for the three test compounds, and model results were compared with results obtained with a conventional fugacity model and with monitoring data. The better performance of MAMI indicates that the activity approach can enlarge the applicability domain and improve model predictions of existing regional models. Model results, supported by experimental evidence, showed the importance of dissociation, electrical interactions in solids, humidity in air, and to a lesser extent salinity in seawater to describe the environmental fate of ionizable organic chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:789–799. © 2009 SETAC
Contaminant pattern and bioaccumulation of legacy and emerging organhalogen pollutants in the aquatic biota from an e-waste recycling region in South China
Authors: Zhang Ying , Luo Xiao-Jun , Wu Jiang-Ping , Liu Juan , Wang Jing , Chen She-Jun , Mai Bi-Xian 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Legacy pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), and some emerging organhalogen pollutants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethyl benzene (PBEB), 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), and dechlorane plus (DP), were detected in an aquatic food chain (invertebrates and fish) from an e-waste recycling region in South China. Polychlorinated biphenyls, DDTs, PBDEs, and HBB were detected in more than 90% of the samples, with respective concentrations ranging from not detected (ND)–32,000 ng/g lipid weight, ND–850 ng/g lipid weight, 8 to 1,300 ng/g lipid weight, and 0.28 to 240 ng/g lipid weight. Pentabromotoluene, PBEB, BTBPE, and DP were also quantifiable in collected samples with a concentration range of ND–40 ng/g lipid weight. The elevated levels of PCBs and PBDEs in the organisms, compared with those in non-e-waste regions in South China, suggest that these two kinds of pollutants derived mainly from e-waste recycling practices. Hexabromobenzene was significantly correlated with PBDEs, implying that HBB come from the release of e-waste along with PBDEs and/or the pyrolysis of BDE209. Most of the compounds whose trophic magnification factor (TMF) could be calculated were found to biomagnify (TMF &gt; 1). Hexabromobenzene was also found, for the first time, to biomagnify in the present food web, with a TMF of 2.1. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:852–859. © 2010 SETAC
α, β-Unsaturated sulfophenylcarboxylates as degradation intermediates of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates: Evidence for Ω-oxygenation followed by β-oxidations by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Eichhorn Peter , Knepper Thomas P. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Liquid chromatography with an electrospray interface to a mass spectrometer (LC-ES-MS) and LC-ES coupled to a tandem MS (LC-ES-MS/MS) were used to detect and identify intermediates excreted transiently during the aerobic degradation of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) in fixed-bed bioreactors (FBBR). The inoculum for the FBBR was the microflora of the River Rhine, Germany. Two major phenomena were observed on the addition of 100 mg/L LAS to the system, sorption and then biodegradation. Disappearance due to sorption was followed in an inhibited FBBR. Biodegradation of LAS started on day 7 and was accompanied by the transient excretion of intermediates, which were later largely degraded. We detected not only the sulfophenylcarboxylates (SPCs) observed previously but also the α, β-unsaturated SPCs (SPC-2H), which have not been reported before. Experiments with the (4-sulfophenyl)dodecanes (C12-LAS), which had minor contaminants of C11-LAS, showed C12-, C10-, C8-, C6-, and C4-SPCs when LAS was degraded as well as traces of C9-, C7-, and C5-SPCs. Signals from the SPC-2H species were usually some 10% of those from the corresponding SPCs. Samples from these experiments were also examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), but no desulfonated intermediates were detected. We interpret the data to mean that the only attack on LAS was by ω-oxygenation; there was no visible initial desulfonation. The products of ω-oxygenation were oxidized to the corresponding SPC and subject to β-oxidation, as evidenced not only by the pattern of C-2 units in the excreted SPCs but also in the corresponding series of SPC-2H, representing the intermediates in β-oxidation.
Comparative toxicity of two azadirachtin-based neem pesticides to Daphnia pulex
Authors: Goktepe Ipek , Plhak Leslie C. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Aadirachtin(AZA)-basedpesticides(Neemix™ and Bioneem™) demonstrated toxicity in 48-h nonrenewal toxicity assays using Daphnia pulex at levels that were comparable with several organophosphate pesticides. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for the two neem pesticides were found to be 0.028 and 0.033 μl/ml, respectively. The LC50 value for nonformulated (95% pure) AZA was determined to be 0.382 μg AZA/ml. Neemix and Bioneem were exposed to air and northern sky daylight in a light box at 24 and 37°C for 1, 3, 6, and 9 d. Standard 48-h acute toxicity tests were used to determine the effect of aging in these dry environmental conditions. Neemix and Bioneem were also fractionated into volatile and nonvolatile fractions, and the toxicity of each was tested. Compared with Neemix, Bioneem remained toxic longer when exposed to light and air at 37°C, indicating that this pesticide may be less prone to environmental degradation. When fractionated, the nonvolatile fractions for both pesticides exhibited significantly lower LC50 values than the full formulations. These results suggest that, depending on the application rate and environmental fate, AZA-based pesticides may have direct adverse effects on aquatic organisms and that the toxicity and stability of formulated pesticides depend on factors other than only the AZA concentration.
Integrated condition indices as a measure of whole effluent toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Smolders Roel , Bervoets Lieven , De Boeck Gudrun , Blust Ronny 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Toxic exposure of organisms interferes with organismal integrity at the biochemical level and ultimately gives rise to effects at the individual level. These effects may result in reductions in ecologically relevant characteristics such as growth, reproduction, and survival. A chronic toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio) was conducted where fish were exposed to 50, 75, and 100% effluent for 28 d under flow-through conditions. Effects of effluent exposure were determined using endpoints of physiological (respiration during swimming), growth (condition, length, and weight), and reproductive (spawning and hatching) processes within the same population. Results clearly indicate that the condition and growth of zebrafish is depressed by exposure to the effluent. Also, increased oxygen consumption was found after 14, 21, and 28 d of exposure. Reproduction proved to correlate well with the condition of the motherfish in the control, and spawning and hatching were significantly depressed by effluent exposure. These results indicate that the evaluation of endpoints describing different ecologically relevant processes provides a rational assessment of the cause–effect relationships of effluent toxicity. This approach can quantify effects on different biological processes and can determine the interactions that occur between these different processes.
Population response to toxicants is altered by intraspecific interaction
Authors: Liess Matthias 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Ngative interaction between individuals is a distinctive feature of populations. The question is addressed whether the population response to toxicants (e.g., the pyrethroid pesticide fenvalerate) is altered by the strength of negative intraspecific interaction. Larvae of the trichopteran Limnephilus lunatus Curtis were exposed for 1 h to fenvalerate, then larval survival and adult emergence were monitored in outdoor stream microcosms over eight months. Degree of interaction was varied by changing larval densities. No survival was observed after 15 d at 100 μg/L. Survival decreased slightly at 10 μg/L when strong interaction was present. Survival in the range of 0.001 to 1 μg/L was similar to that in the control, regardless of the strength of interaction. In contrast, chronic effects differed widely according to the degree of interaction. Weak interaction resulted in high survival of controls, a lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) (mortality) of 0.1 μg/L, a delay in development at 0.001 to 0.01 μg/L, and reduced weight of adults from 0.01 μg/L on. Strong interaction resulted in low survival of controls, a LOEC (mortality) of 100 μg/L, and a delay in development at 0.1 μg/L. The suggestion was made that these differences in chronic effects are caused by a toxicant-induced reduction of negative intraspecific interaction at high concentrations (≥1 μg/L). Hence, direct effects of the toxicant are partly compensated because of indirect reduction of negative interaction compared to the control. Interaction is not decreased at low concentrations (≤0.1 μg/L) and, thus, effects of the toxicant are not compensated. Accordingly, the response to toxicants at the population level when negative interaction is present differs from the response at individual level.
Wading birds as bioindicators of mercury contamination in Florida, USA: Annual and geographic variation
Authors: Frederick Peter C. , Spalding Marilyn G. , Dusek Robert 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Mercury contamination in wetland biota is often dynamic, difficult to predict, and costly to track. In this paper, we present results from a six-year study of growing feathers of piscivorous birds as monitors of wetland Hg exposure in Florida, USA, wetlands. Between 1994 and 2000, we collected feathers of growing great egret (Ardea alba) nestlings from colonies in the freshwater Everglades of southern Florida, and during 1998, feathers were collected from chicks of both great egrets and white ibises (Eudocimus albus) at a variety of colonies throughout peninsular Florida. Coastal colonies showed significantly lower feather Hg concentrations than did inland sites. Within the Everglades, we found significant effects of both geographic location and year on age-adjusted mean total Hg concentrations in feathers. Over the course of our study, Everglades colonies maintained their Hg concentration rankings relative to one another, but all showed strongly declining Hg concentrations (mean of 73% averaged across colonies, between 1994 and 2000). Using a previously established predictive relationship between Hg consumption in food and feather Hg for great egrets, we estimated that Hg concentrations in the aggregate diet of egrets have been reduced by an average of 67%. We conclude that the Everglades has undergone a biologically significant decline in Hg availability in the wetland food web, possibly because of decreased local inputs.
Extinction risk to herring gull populations from DDT exposure
Authors: Nakamaru Mayuko , Iwasa Yoh , Nakanishi Junko 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The impact of toxic chemicals on wild animals and plants can be quantified in terms of the enhanced risk of population extinction. To illustrate the method, we estimated it for herring gull (Larus argentatus) populations in Long Island (NY, USA) exposed to DDT (p, p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and its metabolites (abbreviated as DDTs) with a strong biomagnification effect. The method is based on a formula of the mean time to population extinction derived for a stochastic differential equation (the canonical model). The intrinsic rate of natural population growth was estimated from the doubling time of an exponentially growing population and the intensity of the environmental fluctuation from the magnitude of population size fluctuation. The effect of exposure to DDTs in reducing the population growth rate was evaluated based on an age-structured population model by assuming that age-specific fertilities (including chick survivorship) are density dependent and sensitive to DDTs exposure but age-specific survivorships are not. The results are expressed in terms of the risk equivalent—the decrease in the carrying capacity K that causes the same enhancement of extinction risk as chemical exposure at a given level. The high concentration reported in Long Island in the 1960s corresponds to the equivalent loss of carrying capacity by 30.5% when K is 100 (the number of breeding females), and coefficient of variation (CV) = 0.2 (σ 2e = 0.0298). Risk equivalent allows us to compare different risk factors and is useful in mitigation banking.