bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensions of Gallai–Ramsey results
Authors: Fujita Shinya , Magnant Colton 
Published: July 2011

AbstractConsider the graph consisting of a triangle with a pendant edge. We describe the structure of rainbow ‐free edge colorings of a complete graph and provide some corresponding Gallai–Ramsey results. In particular, we extend a result of Gallai to find a partition of the vertices of a rainbow ‐free colored complete graph with a limited number of colors between the parts. We also extend some Gallai–Ramsey results of Chung and Graham, Faudree et al. and Gyárfás et al. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
BRIDGING TROUBLED WORLDS? AN ANALYSIS OF THE ETHICAL CASE FOR SOUTH KOREAN AID
Authors: Kim Soyeun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article critically assesses an ethical case of emerging donors via a case study of South Korea's official development assistance. In so doing, the article sets out two tasks: (i) overcoming the hitherto reductionist reading of emerging donors that uses the established normative framework as a reference point and (ii) addressing a relatively understudied topic of emerging donors within the mainstream aid–ethics debates. To attend to these analytical gaps, the article focuses on two things. First, the case study is discussed within Korea's own historical and institutional context to highlight the latter's significant influence on the way its ethical case for aid provision is presented. Second, this study focuses on the tensions between the stated ethical rhetoric and reality. This study finds that the ethical case is not only an important rationale for Korea's donorship but also strategic for its efforts to achieve the comparative advantage in the increasingly competitive international aid market to advance its national interests. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversity analysis of type I ketosynthase in rhizosphere soil of cucumber
Authors: Zhao Baixia , Gao Zenggui , Shao Yang , Yan Jianfang , Hu Yingchang , Yu Jicheng , Liu Qiu , Chen Fei 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum (Sch1.) f.sp. cucumerinum Owen.] is a major soil‐borne disease of cucumber worldwide, and can cause huge yield losses. Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber has received considerable attention. Many bacteria, particularly actinomycetes, are known to produce secondary metabolites synthesized by Polyketide synthases (PKSs) with a diverse range of biological activities.Ketosynthase (KS) gene diversity was analyzed in samples which were collected from rhizosphere soil of both diseased cucumber and healthy cucumber in Dalian, China. The phylogenetic analysis amino acid (AA) sequences indicated that the KS genes in the rhizosphere soil samples were clustered into diverse seven clades, including Sorangium cellulosum, Anabaena variabilis, Nostoc punctiforme, Xanthobacter autotrophicus, Streptomyces, myxobacteria and uncultured bacteria. Among seven major clades in the phylogenetic tree, two clades were peculiar to rhizosphere soil of diseased cucumber and one was peculiar to healthy cucumber. Among the 182 cloned KS genes, 147 KS genes were clustered with the uncultured bacteria group. Most of the KS genes showed about 80% similarity at the AA level to sequences known in GenBank. These results revealed the great diversity and novelty of KS genes in rhizosphere soil of cucumber. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Purification and characterization of a protease produced by Bacillus megaterium RRM2: application in detergent and dehairing industries
Authors: Rajkumar Renganathan , Jayappriyan Kothilmozhian Ranishree , Rengasamy Ramasamy 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn alkaline serine protease produced by Bacillus megaterium RRM2 isolated from the red alga, Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva was studied for the first time and the same analyzed for the production of protease in the present study. Identification of the bacterium was done on the basis of both biochemical analysis and by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The extracellular protease obtained from B. megaterium RRM2 was purified by a three‐step process involving ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration (Sephadex G100) and Q‐Sepharose column chromatography. The purity was found to be 30.6‐fold with a specific activity of 3591.5 U/mg protein with a molecular weight of 27 kDa. The metal ions Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ marginally enhanced the activity of the purified enzyme while Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, CO2+ and Zn2+, had reduced the activity. The enzyme was found to be active in the pH range of 9.0–10.0 and remained active up to 60 °C. Phenyl Methyl Sulfonyl Fluoride (PMSF) inhibited the enzyme activity, thus, confirming that this enzyme is an alkaline serine protease. Likewise, DTT also inhibited the enzyme thus confirming the disulfide nature of the enzyme. The enzyme exhibited a high degree of tolerance to Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). The partially purified protease when used as an additive in the commercial detergents was found to be a suitable source for washing clothes especially those stained with blood. Further, it showed good dehairing activity within a short duration in goat skin without affecting its collagen component. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transesterification of used edible and non‐edible oils to alkyl esters by Aspergillus sp. as a whole cell catalyst
Authors: Prakash Ranjana , Aulakh Satnam S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAspergillus sp. (MTCC 5436), isolated from contaminated clarified butter was used as a whole cell catalyst for transesterification of oils from different sources. The strain was observed to be tolerant and grow in 90% oil as carbon source. Oils of Jathropa, karanj and spent cottonseed were used as carbon sources in the study. The product, alkyl ester, was characterized and quantified using 1H‐NMR. The strain was observed to facilitate transesterification in an oil:minimal medium with the ratio of 70:30 resulting in a 98% conversion of oil to ethyl esters within 48 h at 28 °C and 120 rpm. The physico‐chemical characteristics of the ethyl ester (>98%) at 70% oil as carbon source were similar to the standards specified for biodiesel as per standards of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), India. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cloning and characterization of the gene for the iron‐sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase from the violet root rot fungus, Helicobasidium mompa
Authors: Kano Sanae , Akagi Kotaro , Kanematsu Satoko , Morinaga Tsutomu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe sdhB gene, encoding the iron‐sulfur protein (Ip) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh, EC 1.3.99.1), has been cloned from the violet root rot fungus, Helicobasidium mompa, and characterized. The promoter region contains a CCAAT box, TATA‐like box, and CT‐rich region. The gene is interrupted by eight introns and is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 291 amino acid residues. The putative amino acid sequence of the encoded product of sdhB gene from H. mompa shows high homology to the other known sdhB genes and is 79% identical to the Ip subunit of SdhB of Uromyces fabae. Three cysteine‐rich clusters associated with the iron‐sulfur centers involved in electron transport were particularly well conserved. One of these clusters contains a critical histidine residue implicated in carboxin sensitivity in the basidiomycetes. Only one copy of the gene was present in the genome of H. mompa, and reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR analysis of mRNA expression showed that the sdhB gene was transcribed in potato dextrose broth. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Production of 2,3‐butanediol from glucose by GRAS microorganism Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Authors: Yang Taowei , Rao Zhiming , Zhang Xian , Lin Qing , Xia Haifeng , Xu Zhenghong , Yang Shangtian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the current study, a GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens producing 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BD) designated as B10‐127 was isolated in our lab. The strain B10‐127 produced 2,3‐BD effectively under the condition of 20% glucose (quality concentration), showed a high‐glucose tolerance. The effects of initial glucose concentration, temperature, pH and agitation on 2,3‐BD production were investigated in this work and the proper parameters were identified. Accordingly, the fed‐batch culture of B10‐127 in larger scales (5 l) showed a remarkable 2,3‐BD producing potency. The maximum 2,3‐BD concentration reached 92.3 g/l at 96 h with a 2,3‐BD productivity of 0.96 g/l h. To our knowledge, the results were new records on 2,3‐BD fermentation by Bacillus, which shown an excellent candidate for the microbial fermentation of 2,3‐BD on an industrial scale. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The small molecular mass antifungal protein of Penicillium chrysogenum – a mechanism of action oriented review
Authors: Hegedűs Nikoletta , Leiter Éva , Kovács Barbara , Tomori Valéria , Kwon Nak‐Jung , Emri Tamás , Marx Florentine , Batta Gyula , Csernoch László , Haas Hubertus , Yu Jae‐Hyuk , Pócsi István 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe β‐lactam producing filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum secretes a 6.25 kDa small molecular mass antifungal protein, PAF, which has a highly stable, compact 3D structure and is effective against a wide spectrum of plant and zoo pathogenic fungi. Its precise physiological functions and mode of action need to be elucidated before considering possible biomedical, agricultural or food technological applications. According to some more recent experimental data, PAF plays an important role in the fine‐tuning of conidiogenesis in Penicillium chrysogenum. PAF triggers apoptotic cell death in sensitive fungi, and cell death signaling may be transmitted through two‐component systems, heterotrimeric G protein coupled signal transduction and regulatory networks as well as via alteration of the Ca2+‐homeostasis of the cells. Possible biotechnological applications of PAF are also outlined in the review. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cloning and transcription analysis of the Candida rugosa propionyl‐CoA dehydrogenase gene and its expression in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Zhou Feng‐Li , Zhang Ru‐Bing , Zhang Yong‐Guang , Zhang Fan , Zhu Jian‐Hang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe propionyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (PACD) gene was cloned from Candida rugosa by the cDNA RACE technique. The full cDNA of the PACD gene has a length of 1408 bp, which contains a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1329 bp, coding for 442 amino acids. The cDNA of PACD was cloned into the expression plasmid pPIC9K and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115. The recombinant protein was purified by Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography, and its size was observed to be approximately 49 kDa as estimated by SDS‐PAGE. Anti‐His antibodies were used to characterise the recombinant PACD by western‐blot analysis. The recombinant protein retained the activity of catalysing propionyl‐CoA to acryloyl‐CoA. The results of dot‐blotting hybridisation using a PACD cDNA probe indicated that the PACD mRNA level was modified at different stages: mRNA levels were low for the first 36 h, then increased through 48 h and eventually reached a stable level. These results indicate that propionate induction could significantly activate PACD mRNA expression. Information from this study will be helpful in elucidating the metabolic pathway for 3‐hydroxypropionic acid production in C. rugosa. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bacterial communities in the gut of the freshwater copepod Eudiaptomus gracilis
Authors: Homonnay Zalán G. , Kéki Zsuzsa , Márialigeti Károly , Tóth Erika M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEudiaptomus gracilis is the most abundant member of the zooplankton, plays a key role in the food web of Lake Balaton (Hungary). In the present study the composition of bacterial communities of this copepod was investigated based on cultivation and molecular cloning. The cultivated bacterial strains from the gut homogenate samples of Eudiaptomus gracilis belonged to four different clades: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria. Clone library showed high species diversity, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, representatives of Deinococcus‐Thermus lineage and Cyanobacteria were detected. The isolated strains were very effective in degradation of different biopolymers. Many of the detected bacteria are known as opportunistic human or fish pathogens (Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Chryseobacterium sp. and Staphylococcus sp.). (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification and characterization of gushing‐active hydrophobins from Fusarium graminearum and related species
Authors: Sarlin Tuija , Kivioja Teemu , Kalkkinen Nisse , Linder Markus B. , Nakari‐Setälä Tiina 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFungal infection of barley and malt, particularly by the Fusarium species, is a direct cause of spontaneous overfoaming of beer, referred to as gushing. We have shown previously that small fungal proteins, hydrophobins, act as gushing‐inducing factors in beer. The aim of our present study was to isolate and characterize hydrophobins from a gushing‐active fungus, Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) and related species. We generated profile hidden Markov models (profile HMMs) for the hydrophobin classes Ia, Ib and II from the multiple sequence alignments of their known members available in public domain databases. We searched the published Fusarium graminearum genome with the Markov models. The best matching sequences and the corresponding genes were isolated from F. graminearum and the related species F. culmorum and F. poae by PCR and characterized. One each of the putative F. graminearum and F. poae hydrophobin genes were expressed in the heterologous host Trichoderma reesei. The proteins corresponding to the genes were purified and identified as hydrophobins and named GzHYD5 and FpHYD5, respectively. Concentrations of 0.003 ppm of these hydrophobins were observed to induce vigorous beer gushing. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of response surface analysis for biodegradation of azo reactive textile dye using Aspergillus foetidus
Authors: Sharma Praveen , Singh Lakhvinder 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper reports the application of experimental design methodology for the optimization of decolourization of azo reactive textile dye Remazol Red RR and reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using fungal isolate Aspergillus foetidus. Response surface methodology (RSM), involving central composite design matrix in three most important input variables; temperature, pH and initial dye concentration was employed. A total of 20 experiments were conducted in the study towards the construction of a quadratic model. This demonstrated the benefits of approach in achieving excellent predictions, while minimizing the number of experiments required. Very high regression coefficient between the variables and the responses indicated excellent evaluation of experimental data. Under optimized conditions fungal isolate was capable to decolourize Remazol Red RR up to 86.21% and COD reduction up to 55.43% was achieved during the experimental setup. Enzymatic activity indicated excellent outcome under the optimal process conditions. The experimental values agreed with the predicted ones, indicating suitability of the model and success of RSM approach in optimizing the process. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of genotype and environment on the concentrations of starch and protein in, and the physicochemical properties of starch from, field pea and fababean
Authors: Hood‐Niefer Shannon D , Warkentin Thomas D , Chibbar Ravindra N , Vandenberg Albert , Tyler Robert T 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effects of genotype and environment and their interaction on the concentrations of starch and protein in, and the amylose content and thermal and pasting properties of starch from, pea and fababean are not well known.RESULTS: Differences due to genotype were observed in the concentrations of starch and protein in pea and fababean, in the onset temperature (To) and peak temperature (Tp) of gelatinization of fababean starch, and in the pasting, trough, cooling and final viscosities of pea starch and fababean starch. Significant two‐way interactions (location × genotype) were observed for the concentration of starch in fababean and the amylose content, To, endothermic enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) and trough viscosity of fababean starch. Significant three‐way interactions (location × year × genotype) were observed for the concentration of starch in pea and the pasting, trough, cooling and final viscosities of pea starch.CONCLUSION: Differences observed in the concentrations of starch and protein in pea and fababean were sufficient to be of practical significance to end‐users, but the relatively small differences in amylose content and physicochemical properties of starch from pea and fababean were not. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Wheat‐ and barley‐based diets with or without additives influence broiler chicken performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora
Authors: Rodríguez María Luisa , Rebolé Almudena , Velasco Susana , Ortiz Luis T , Treviño Jesús , Alzueta Carmen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: To our knowledge, there is scant literature on comparative broiler response to cereal diets high in soluble non‐starch polysaccharides without or with enzyme, prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic supplementation. In the present study, the effects of a wheat‐ and barley‐based diet with or without supplemental xylanase plus β‐glucanase, inulin, Enterococcus faecium or inulin plus Enterococcus faecium, on bird performance, digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora were compared to a maize‐based diet.RESULTS: In comparison to a maize‐based diet, the wheat‐ and barley‐based diet reduced (P < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake, but did not affect to the feed‐to‐gain ratio. Apparent digestibility of crude fat and various fatty acids were decreased (P < 0.05) as well as apparent metabolisable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention content. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the viscosity of jejunal digesta and in the caecal numbers of Escherichia coli and lactobacilli, and a decrease in the ileal numbers of E. coli and lactobacilli. Performance parameters and nutrient digestibility were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary inclusion of the additives used, with the exception that exogenous enzyme improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of crude fat and decreased the viscosity of jejunal digesta. Enzyme and Enterococcus faecium supplementation increased intestinal lactic acid bacteria, whereas inulin addition reduced the number of E. coli (P < 0.05). Addition of inulin–Enterococcus faecium decreased E. coli and increased bifidobacteria numbers in the caeca.CONCLUSION: Enzyme supplementation to a wheat‐ and barley‐based diet significantly improved the apparent digestibility of dietary fat. All four additives had a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora of broilers. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Nonionic surfactant enhanced semipermanent coatings for capillary electrophoresis of inorganic anions without use of organic additives
Authors: Yao Lihua , Liu Qian , Li Yi , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSeparation of inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is usually conducted in co‐electroosmotic mode due to the large electrophoretic mobilities of inorganic anions. Semipermanent surfactant coatings have been shown to be effective for CE of inorganic anions due to their strong capability of electroosmotic flow (EOF) manipulation. However, semipermanent coatings often suffer from their unsatisfactory stability. In addition, organic solvent additives are usually required to adjust the selectivity, which also aggravate the degradation of coating. In this work, a novel semipermanent coating consisting of cationic Gemini surfactant 18‐10‐18 and nonionic surfactant Tween 20 was developed to separate inorganic anions in CE. This coating is easy to prepare and more stable than pure Gemini coating. The introduction of nonionic surfactant in the coating not only suppresses the reversed EOF but can also adjust the selectivity of separation. Good separations of six model anions were achieved, the separation efficiency was as high as 65040–169700 plates/m and the RSDs of the migration times were less than 0.5 and 2.5% for run‐to‐run and day‐to‐day assays, respectively. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.05−5.0 mM; the detection limits ranged from 20 to 50 μM. More importantly, no organic solvents are required in the background buffer to achieve the satisfactory separations. This guarantees the coating stability and makes the method greener than most of other methods for CE of inorganic anions.
Novel Pirkle‐type quinine 3,5‐dinitrophenylcarbamate chiral stationary phase implementing click chemistry
Authors: Kacprzak Karol M. , Lindner Wolfgang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new Pirkle‐anion exchange hybrid‐type chiral stationary phase (CSP‐1) has been synthesized by immobilizing 10,11‐didehydroquinine 3,5‐dinitrophenylcarbamate onto 3‐azidopropyl silica gel using click chemistry (1,3‐dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition). This chiral selector and CSP contain a strong π‐accepting 3,5‐dinitrophenyl residue besides the π‐basic quinoline group and an ionizable tertiary amino group. In concert with ion pairing it offers π‐donor–π‐acceptor interactions resulting in an enhancement of the selectivity toward specific π‐donating analytes such as aryloxypropionic acids and profens. A representative set of these analytes has been investigated under various chromatographic conditions (polar‐organic, reversed‐ and normal‐phase) leading to base‐line enantioseparations with selectivity (α) values up to 1.8. Control experiments with related quinine tert‐butylcarbamate phase grafted onto the surface either by thioether (Chiralpak QN‐AX) or 1,2,3‐triazole linker revealed the impact of the additional aromatic moiety in the chiral selector motif.
Fear of emotion as a moderator between PTSD and firefighter social interactions
Authors: Farnsworth Jacob K. , Sewell Kenneth W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDespite high levels of exposure to stress, questions remain regarding how social interactions and beliefs about emotion interact to influence posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in firefighters. United States urban firefighters (N = 225) completed the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, the Unsupportive Social Interactions Inventory, the Affective Control Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. Each independent variable predicted PTSD beyond variance accounted for by demographic variables. Additionally, fear of emotion emerged as the strongest individual predictor of PTSD and a moderator of the relation between social interactions and PTSD symptoms. These findings emphasize the importance of beliefs about emotion both in how these beliefs might influence the expression of PTSD symptoms, and in how the social networks of trauma survivors might buffer distress.