bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3,5‐Di‐t‐Butylcatechol as a Ryanodine Receptor Agonist in Rat Intact Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Authors: Lacava Caterina , Sgaragli Giampietro , Fusi Fabio 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Strategy, Management and Health Policy

Enabling Technology, Genomics, Proteomics
Preclinical Research
Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, Pharmacokinetics
Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing
Postmarketing Phase IV

3,5‐Di‐t‐butylcatechol (DTCAT) stimulates the rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor (RyR). In the present study, its effects on the contractile response of diaphragm preparation were characterized using electrically stimulated phrenic nerve–diaphragm preparations and diaphragm strips. DTCAT reduced, concentration‐dependently, twitch contraction of the phrenic nerve–diaphragm preparation evoked by both direct and indirect stimulation and increased spontaneous tone. Twitch amplitude reduction was irreversible, while the increase of spontaneous tone was only partially reversible upon DTCAT washout. In diaphragm strips, caffeine > 4‐chloro‐m‐cresol >> 3,5‐diisopropylcatechol ≅ ryanodine > DTCAT enhanced spontaneous tone, whereas quercetin reduced it with all the compounds reducing twitch amplitude. DTCAT‐induced contracture was partly dependent on extracellular Ca2+ influx and antagonized by a Cd2+/La3+ mixture. In intact skeletal muscle preparations, DTCAT behaved as a RyR agonist.
Dipyridine‐Containing Macrocyclic Polyamine – Nafion‐Modified Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrode for Voltammetric Detection of Lead
Authors: Bettazzi Francesca , Giorgi Claudia , Laschi Serena , Palchetti Ilaria 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a screen‐printed, mercury‐free, Nafion modified carbon sensor incorporated with a dipyridine‐containing macrocyclic polyamine [5,8,11‐trimethyl‐2,5,8,11,14‐pentaaza [15]‐[15] (2,2′)[1,15]‐bipyridylophane (BipyMe3N5)] for voltammetric stripping detection of Pb(II) has been explored. The measurement procedure, consisting of an accumulation step at open circuit condition followed by a “medium exchange” square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), was optimized. Calibration plot of Pb(II) was linear in a concentration range 0–200 µg/L, with a resulting limit of detection of 2 µg/L and a relative standard deviation of 14 %, for 120 s accumulation time.
A semi‐implicit scheme for large Eddy simulation of piston engine flow and combustion
Authors: Yu R. , Bai X. S. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYA semi‐implicit scheme is presented for large eddy simulation of turbulent reactive flow and combustion in reciprocating piston engines. First, the governing equations in a deforming coordinate system are formulated to accommodate the moving piston. The numerical scheme is made up of a fourth‐order central difference for the diffusion terms in the transport equations and a fifth‐order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme for the convective terms. A second‐ order Adams–Bashforth scheme is used for time integration. For higher density ratios, it is combined with a predictor–corrector scheme. The numerical scheme is explicit for time integration of the transport equations, except for the continuity equation which is used together with the momentum equation to determine the pressure field and velocity field by using a Poisson equation for the pressure correction field. The scheme is aimed at the simulation of low Mach number flows typically found in piston engines. An efficient multigrid method that can handle high grid aspect ratio is presented for solving the pressure correction equation. The numerical scheme is evaluated on two test engines, a laboratory four‐stroke engine with rectangular‐shaped engine geometry where detailed velocity measurements are available, and a modified truck engine with practical cylinder geometry where lean ethanol/air mixture is combusted under a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of an intraoperative shunt for easy resection of complicated carotid body tumors
Authors: Zeng Guojun , Zhao Jichun , Ma Yukui , Huang Bin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study was carried out to explore the use of an intraoperative shunt during surgical resection of complicated carotid body tumors (CBTs).MethodsOf the 47 patients who underwent surgical resection for CBT, an intraoperative shunt was performed in 10 patients with complicated CBTs involving the carotid artery wall between January 2005 and August 2010, and their clinical materials were respectively reviewed.ResultsNo severe complications occurred intraoperatively and postoperatively in all the 10 patients with complicated CBTs involving the carotid artery wall. No recurrence and metastasis occurred during follow‐up period for a mean of 35.3 months (range, 12–60 months).ConclusionsAn intraoperative shunt maintained cerebral circulation, decreased the size of tumor by excluding the vascular supply of the external carotid artery, and guided the resection of CBT. The intraoperative shunt was a safe and effective way during surgical resection of complicated CBTs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
On the limnology of two alkaline lakes (Nakuru and Naivasha) in the East Rift Valley System in Kenya
Authors: Milbrink Göran 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe present study aims to contribute to the general knowledge of Lakes Naivasha and Nakuru, the latter lake strongly saline and alkaline. Results are presented concerning water chemistry, chlorophyll a concentrations, phytoplankton, Zooplankton, bottom fauna and fish material obtained from these lakes. Algal photosynthetic rates were calculated by the oxygen method.
Pigment diversity in freshwater phytoplankton. II. Summer‐succession in three Dutch lakes with different trophic characteristics
Authors: Hallegraeff Gustaaf M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSpectrophotometric and paper chromatographic analyses of chloroplast pigments in the phytoplankton have been made from early spring until the end of summer in three Dutch freshwater lakes with different trophic characteristics. Pigment ratios and carotenoid: chlorophyll‐a ratios are inaccurate and insensitive pigment characteristics, and in the description of diversity of pigments there is no alternative to chromatographic analysis. The chromatographically purified chlorophyll‐a fraction together with the occurrence of breakdown products of chlorophyll‐a give valuable information on the stage of growth of phytoplankton populations. The pigment fractions fucoxanthin, peridinin, lutein and/or chlorophyll‐b, and myxoxanthophyll can be used to indicate the contribution of the different major algal types to total phytoplankton community pigments. In this way chromatographic pigment analysis may be an important tool in the description of phytoplankton community structure, particularly when used against the background of results of microscopic phytoplankton analysis.
Cluster‐analytic definition of species ecological groups for a submerged barrier reef in Barbados, West Indies
Authors: Ott Bruce , Auclair Allan N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCluster analytic techniques were employed to define significant ecological groups of benthic species sampled in 2237 0.5 m × 1 m quadrats on a submerged barrier reef located off the Barbados west coast. For measures of species cover, number of colonies, presence‐absence, and cover of dead skeletal material, Lance and Williams' flexible sorting procedure defined eight species groups. Only four of these groups could be interpreted with confidence.Resolution of species groups increased with increasing environmental severity and decreased with decreasing species abundance. Highly resolved groups under strong environmental limitation included an Agaricia lamarcki‐sponge‐antipatharian association on deep outer slopes and a distinctive Acropora cervicornis‐Madracis mirabilis‐rubble association of ridge‐top positions. The next two groups, in order of resolution, differentiated under strong competitive interaction. Associations dominated by Siderastrea siderea‐Montastrea cavernosa and Montastrea annularis‐Porites astreoides consisted of large colony‐forming species as part of a larger complex “mixed” coral association. The other four groups consisted of rare but widely‐occurring species. Probable reasons for the low resolution of these groups including severe disturbance, random colonization, niche specialization, and methodological idiosyncracies, were discussed.The efficacy of clustering procedures was discussed in relation to objectivity and efficiency of field recognition.
Analysis and structure of four lentic communities on the Colorado (U.S.A.) shortgrass prairie
Authors: Herrmann Scott J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFour natural lentic habitats on the Central Plains Experimental Range in Colorado were intensively studied physically, chemically, and biologically for 2 yr (1968–1970) and intermittently for 5 (1971–1975). Lynn Lake and Lake George were chosen as examples of ephemeral or temporary sites, while Cottonwood Pond and Spring Pond were chosen as permanent habitats. Chemically, the waters of each site were analytically separated into dissolved and suspended (sestonic) components. The temporary sites were characterized by their exceptionally high seston loads, the presence of Eubranchiopoda, the prevalence of Ca as the major dissolved cation, ana the high Fe content of their sediments. The two permanent sites, on the other hand, had high total dissolved salt content, rich and varied flora and fauna, Na as the prevalent cation in the dissolved fraction, and high Ca content in the sediments. All four of the sites were “seston digesters” with large amounts of wind‐blown organic material being entrapped, decomposed, and mineralized. By comparison with adjacent soils the sediments of all four basins were much richer in K, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn. Both temporary and permanent sites function as nutrient sinks. Rates of daily and annual phytoplankton primary productivity are reported for the two permanent sites.
Spinal modulation of nociception by music
Authors: Roy M. , Lebuis A. , Hugueville L. , Peretz I. , Rainville P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated the capacity of music to modulate pain. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain unknown. In order to assess the involvement of descending modulatory mechanisms in the modulation of pain by music, we evaluated the effects of musical excerpts conveying different emotions (pleasant‐stimulating, pleasant‐relaxing, unpleasant‐stimulating) on the spinally mediated nociceptive flexion reflex (orRIII), as well as on pain ratings and skin conductance responses. TheRIIIreflex and pain ratings were increased during the listening of unpleasant music compared with pleasant music, suggesting the involvement of descending pain‐modulatory mechanisms in the effects of musical emotions on pain. There were no significant differences between the pleasant‐stimulating and pleasant‐relaxing musical condition, indicating that the arousal of music had little influence on pain processing.
A compartment‐specific transcriptome analysis reveals survival‐relevant marker genes in the stroma fraction of squamous non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Bendrat Klaus , Stang Axel , Georgiev Georgi , Geffers Robert , Haase Bernd , Schütze Karin , Mogilarov Dimitar , Branscheid Detlev , Niendorf Axel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlthough it is increasingly recognized that the tumor biology is influenced by the tumor stroma, prognostic gene signatures are usually derived from tissue consisting of tumor cells and surrounding stroma. This study presents a compartment‐specific transcriptome analysis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples microdissected into tumor parenchyma and stroma fractions. Typical tumor and stroma genes were identified based on the expression ratios between the two compartments. Our results indicate that in SCC many markers related to longer survival are predominantly expressed in the stroma, particularly genes of the MHC‐II complex. Stromal upregulation of MHC‐II genes seems crucial for a clinically relevant antitumor immune response in SCC. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fast T1 mapping determined using incomplete inversion recovery look–locker 3D balanced SSFP acquisition and a simple two‐parameter model fit
Authors: Gai Neville D. , Butman John A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate a fast T1 mapping technique using incomplete inversion recovery 3D balanced steady‐state free precession acquisition along with a two‐parameter model fit.Materials and Methods:Using Bloch simulations, we explored the two‐parameter model fit for data acquired using such an acquisition scheme. The parameter space over which the fit holds good was determined through simulations. A linear correction was derived for the R1* (1/T1*) values so determined. Two phantoms and six volunteers were scanned using the described technique. Comparison scans using full recovery as well as gold standard inversion recovery spin echo were also performed.Results:The two‐parameter fit works exceedingly well over a large parameter space. T1 values in the phantoms showed an error of 4.9% and 39% before correction and 0.9% and 1.6% after correction. For the six volunteers, error in T1 value was 5.3% for white matter (WM) and 2.4% for gray matter (GM) after correction, while it was 11.2% and 18.2% before correction.Conclusion:The work presented here allows for T1 map determination with higher resolution and shorter acquisition time than previously possible. The technique is especially well suited for GM/WM T1 mapping. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1437–1444. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Optimizing the osteogenicity of nanotopography using block co‐polymer phase separation fabrication techniques
Authors: Maclaine Sarah E. , Gadhari Neha , Pugin Raphael , Meek Robert M. Dominic , Liley Martha , Dalby Matthew J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBoth temporary and permanent orthopedic implants have, by default or design, surface chemistry, and topography. There is increasing evidence that controlling nanodisorder can result in increased osteogenesis. Block co‐polymer phase separation can be used to fabricate a nanotopography exhibiting a controlled level of disorder, both reproducibly and cost‐effectively. Two different topographies, produced through the use of block co‐polymer phase separation, were embossed onto the biodegradable thermoplastic, polycaprolactone (PCL). Analysis of the topography itself was undertaken with atomic force microscopy, and the topography's effect on human osteoblasts studied through the use of immunocytochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. Planar controls had a surface roughness 0.93 nm, and the substrates a high fidelity transfer of a disordered pattern of 14 and 18 nm. Cytoskeletal organization and adhesion, and increased expression of Runx2 were significantly greater on the smallest nanotopography. Expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin protein, and alizarin red staining of bone nodules were greatest on the smallest feature nanopatterns. Highly osteogenic, disordered nanotopographies can be manufactured into thermoplastics in a rapid and cost‐effective way through the use of block co‐polymer phase separation. Osteogenic topographies reproducibly and cost‐effectively produced have a potentially useful application to the fields of implant technology and regenerative orthopedics. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1190–1197, 2012
Contemporary perspectives on diversity interventions: A dilemma for educators
Authors: Walton Sean 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe author considers and contrasts a number of contemporary viewpoints about the nature and potential impact of diversity interventions primarily within higher education institutions and across organizational cultures. He focuses on issues of race and racial inequality, although the principles and theoretical perspectives discussed could be applied to other areas where inequalities exist. The author also draws upon current perspectives on race, racism, and ways of making effective and meaningful diversity interventions, including views from critical pedagogy, critical race theory, and cosmopolitan thinkers. He concludes that the modern educator within higher education is faced with the dilemma of a choice between rejecting useful theoretical insights into the extent of racial discrimination and being resigned to making largely ineffective diversity interventions. A solution to the dilemma is briefly outlined.
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the analysis of aminoglycosides
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Rubies Antoni , Companyó Ramon , Centrich Francesc 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe effect of mobile‐phase constituents (pH and ionic strength) and chromatographic behaviour of ten aminoglycosides (streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, spectinomycin, apramycin, paramomycin, kanamycin A, gentamycin C1, gentamycin C2/C2a, gentamycin C1a and neomycin) in the bare silica, amino, amide and zwitterionic phases of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) were studied systematically. Among the stationary phases studied, the zwitterionic phase provided the best separation of aminoglycosides. The effect of pH, ionic concentration and column temperature on retention time, peak shape and sensitivity was studied using a central composite design. pH affected sensitivity of the detection of analytes but not the retention time. High ionic strength in the mobile phase was necessary to control the ionic interactions between ionised aminoglycosides and the hydrophilic phase, thereby influencing peak shape and retention time. Column temperature affected sensitivity of the detection but not the retention time. During method development, crosstalk between the MS/MS channels of the analytes was observed and resolved.
Multi‐residue determination of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in environmental samples using solid‐phase extraction with cigarette filter followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Fang Guozhen , Chen Wen , Yao Yunping , Wang Junping , Qin Junyan , Wang Shuo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method was developed to extract 14 pesticides simultaneously from environment samples using cigarette filter as the sorbent before gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis. Parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, such as the sample loading flow rate, eluent and elution volume, were optimized. The optimum sample loading rate was 3 mL/min, and the retained compounds were eluted with 6 mL of eluent at 1 mL/min under vacuum. Good linearity was obtained for all the 14 pesticides (r2>0.99) from 0.1 to 20 μg/L for water and from 2 to 400 μg/kg for soil samples. The detection limits (signal‐to‐noise=3) of the proposed method ranged from 0.01 to 0.20 μg/L for water samples and from 0.42 to 6.95 μg/kg for soil samples. The developed method was successfully applied for determination of the analytes in real environmental samples, and the mean recoveries ranged from 76.4 to 103.7% for water samples and from 79.9 to 105.3% for soil samples with the precisions (relative standard deviation) between 2.0 and 13.6%.
Effect of hydroxyurea treatment on renal function parameters: Results from the multi‐center placebo‐controlled BABY HUG clinical trial for infants with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Alvarez Ofelia , Miller Scott T. , Wang Winfred C. , Luo Zhaoyu , McCarville M. Beth , Schwartz George J. , Thompson Bruce , Howard Thomas , Iyer Rathi V. , Rana Sohail R. , Rogers Zora R. , Sarnaik Sharada A. , Thornburg Courtney D. , Ware Russell E. ,   the BABY HUG Investigators
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundChildren with sickle cell anemia (SCA) often develop hyposthenuria and renal hyperfiltration at an early age, possibly contributing to the glomerular injury and renal insufficiency commonly seen later in life. The Phase III randomized double‐blinded Clinical Trial of Hydroxyurea in Infants with SCA (BABY HUG) tested the hypothesis that hydroxyurea can prevent kidney dysfunction by reducing hyperfiltration.Procedure193 infants with SCA (mean age 13.8 months) received hydroxyurea 20 mg/kg/day or placebo for 24 months. 99mTc diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) clearance, serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, urinalysis, serum and urine osmolality after parent‐supervised fluid deprivation, and renal ultrasonography were obtained at baseline and at exit to measure treatment effects on renal function.ResultsAt exit children treated with hydroxyurea had significantly higher urine osmolality (mean 495 mOsm/kg H2O compared to 452 in the placebo group, P = 0.007) and a larger percentage of subjects taking hydroxyurea achieved urine osmolality >500 mOsm/kg H2O. Moreover, children treated with hydroxyurea had smaller renal volumes (P = 0.007). DTPA‐derived glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was not significantly different between the two treatment groups, but was significantly higher than published norms. GFR estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Schwartz formula was the best non‐invasive method to estimate GFR in these children, as it was the closest to the DTPA‐derived GFR.ConclusionTreatment with hydroxyurea for 24 months did not influence GFR in young children with SCA. However, hydroxyurea was associated with better urine concentrating ability and less renal enlargement, suggesting some benefit to renal function. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00006400) Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:668–674. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outdoor evaluation of concentrator photovoltaic systems modules from different manufacturers: first results and steps
Authors: Fernández Eduardo F. , Pérez‐Higueras Pedro , Garcia Loureiro Antonio J. , Vidal Pedro G. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTFor the behavior of concentrator photovoltaic systems technology under real conditions to be understood, different modules from different manufacturers were measured in a new research center in Jaén. The influence in the power and the efficiency of irradiation levels, air temperature, and the influence of air mass were under study for 6 months. Pmax shows a linear behavior with direct normal irradiance, and efficiency was constant to a first approximation for a wide range of irradiance levels. The effect of air temperature was negligible for the temperatures under study. At the same time, efficiency shows a maximum around AM1.5 and decreases aside this point. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.