bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of microglial TREM2 in development: A path toward neurodegeneration?
Authors: Matteoli Michela 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe nervous and the immune systems undergo a continuous cross talk, starting from early development and continuing throughout adulthood and aging. Defects in this cross talk contribute to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain that are primarily involved in this bidirectional communication. Among the microglial genes, trem2 is a key player, controlling the functional state of microglia and being at the forefront of many processes that require interaction between microglia and other brain components, such as neurons and oligodendrocytes. The present review focuses on the early developmental window, describing the early brain processes in which TREM2 is primarily involved, including the modulation of synapse formation and elimination, the control of neuronal bioenergetic states as well as the contribution to myelination processes and neuronal circuit formation. By causing imbalances during these early maturation phases, dysfunctional TREM2 may have a striking impact on the adult brain, making it a more sensitive target for insults occurring during adulthood and aging.
Environmental and psychopathological predictors of clinical high‐risk of psychosis in adolescence
Authors: Fernández Inma , Juncal‐Ruiz Maria , González‐Menéndez Ana María , Paino Mercedes 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesClinical high‐risk of psychosis (CHRp) samples can be heterogeneous, consisting essentially of people with not only psychotic‐like experiences but also nonspecific symptoms that may reflect common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, or substance abuse pathologies. Few studies have attempted to analyze and understand psychosis risk in relation to both environmental (ER) and psychopathological risk (PsR) factors. This study aimed to determine the clinical risk of psychosis in adolescents.MethodsA representative sample of 1824 Spanish adolescents from the general population was evaluated using different scales to thoroughly examine the possible interaction of CHRp with various ER and PsR factors. Partial correlations were calculated to assess the relationships between the variables. A series of hierarchical linear regression models were then used to obtain a CHRp predictor model.ResultsThe CHRp predictor model indicated that PsR was the most significant determining factor, explaining 22% of the total associated variance of CHRp. However, the ER factor also emerged as a significant predictor of high‐risk psychosis (accounting for 9% of the variance).ConclusionsA predictive model for CHRp in adolescents was found, in which common psychological problems were presented as more determinant risk factors than ER disruptors. Furthermore, certain transdiagnostic processes, such as psychological inflexibility, may play a central role in the development of mental health problems, including psychosis. Specifying the mechanisms underlying the emergence of CHRp in adolescence is the key to optimizing the focus of preventive therapeutic interventions in these early stages.
A revised condition for harmonic analysis in generalized Orlicz spaces on unbounded domains
Authors: Harjulehto Petteri , Hästö Peter , Słabuszewski Artur 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConditions for harmonic analysis in generalized Orlicz spaces have been studied over the past decade. One approach involves the generalized inverse of so‐called weak ‐functions. It featured prominently in the monograph Orlicz Spaces and Generalized Orlicz Spaces
[P. Harjulehto and P. Hästö, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 2236, Springer, Cham, 2019]. While generally successful, the inverse function formulation of the decay condition (A2) in the monograph contains a flaw, which we explain and correct in this note. We also present some new results related to the conditions, including a more general result for the density of smooth functions.
Genetic variations associated with telomere length predict the risk of recurrence of non‐oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Peng , Gu Kyle J. , Zheng Guibin , Sikora Andrew G. , Li Chao , Zafereo Mark , Wei Peng , Wu Jia , Shete Sanjay , Liu Jisheng , Li Guojun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGenetic factors underlying lymphocyte telomere length (LTL) may provide insights into genomic stability and integrity, with direct links to susceptibility to cancer recurrence. Polymorphisms in telomere‐associated genes are strongly associated with LTL and cancer risk, while few large studies have explored the associations between LTL‐related polymorphisms and recurrence risk of non‐oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (non‐OPHNSCC). Totally 1403 non‐OPHNSCC patients were recruited and genotyped for 16 LTL‐related polymorphisms identified by genome‐wide association studies. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to evaluate associations between the polymorphisms and non‐OPHNSCC recurrence risk. Patients carrying rs755017 GA/GG, rs2487999 TC/TT, rs2736108 TC/TT, or rs6772228 AT/AA genotypes exhibited shorter DFS than those with the rs755017 AA, rs2487999 CC, rs2736108 CC, or s6772228 TT genotypes, respectively (all log‐rank p < 0.05). Multivariable analysis confirmed an increased risk of recurrence for patients carrying rs755017 GA/GG, rs2487999 TC/TT, rs2736108 TC/TT, or rs6772228 AT/AA genotypes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–2.07; aHR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.41–2.23; aHR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.22–1.99; aHR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20–1.93, respectively). Further stratified analysis revealed stronger associations between these genotypes and recurrence risk in ever‐smokers and patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. The similar but particularly pronounced results were observed for the combined risk genotypes of the four significant polymorphisms. This is the first large study on non‐OPHNSCC patients showing that LTL‐related polymorphisms may modify risk of non‐OPHNSCC recurrence individually and jointly, particularly when analyzed in the context of smoking status and personized treatment. Larger studies are needed to validate these results.
The cumulative antitumor effects of regorafenib and radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kuang Shuwen , Zhang Jiajun , Huang Ning , Zhang Jing , Chen Bo , Wang Liming , Liu Mei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRegorafenib is a second‐line standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the efficacy of regorafenib is often limited due to drug resistance, individual differences among patients, and irrational drug use. Radiotherapy (RT) is an important method of localized HCC treatment, and combining RT with other therapies may exert a synergetic antitumor effect. Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐like (PDGFRL) is a tumor suppressor in various solid tumors. However, the function of PDGFRL in HCC is still unknown. In this study, we explored whether regorafenib and RT exert a synergetic effect on the treatment of HCC. The antitumor effect and mechanisms of the combination of regorafenib and RT were verified in a xenograft mouse model in vivo and in HCC cells in vitro. The combination treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. PDGFRL, a potential target of regorafenib, was increased after cumulative treatment in HCC cells, and PDGFRL suppressed HCC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting STAT3 pathway activation. Furthermore, the cumulative antitumor effect was dependent on the upregulated expression of PDGFRL and inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway activation in HCC cells. This study increased the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of regorafenib plus RT on HCC and provided a theoretical basis for the clinical practice of HCC.
A prospective, randomized, multicenter, open‐label trial comparing survival in subjects receiving peritoneal dialysis or conventional in‐center hemodialysis
Authors: Fan Li , Yang Xiao , Shen Huaying , Chen Menghua , Zhang Hao , Ni Zhaohui , Lin Hongli , Yang Hongtao , Chen Qinkai , Chen Hongyu , Jiang Gengru , Wang Jianqin , Zhao Jiuyang , Sun Zhuxing , Yin Aiping , Jiang Aili , Li Yun , Peng Hui , Chen Nan , Hao Chuanming , Kong Yaozhong , Rong Rong , Li Jie , Zou Xia , Luo Haotian , Qian Jiaqi , Yu Xueqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD) and conventional in‐center hemodialysis (HD) are treatment options for patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, their impact on all‐cause mortality is unclear.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, open‐label, randomized, non‐inferiority trial to determine the effect of dialysis modality on mortality in patients with ESKD. Eligible patients were recruited from 30 sites across China and assigned to receive either PD or HD in a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Non‐inferiority was defined as the upper bound of the one‐sided 95% confidence interval (CI) for the hazard ratio (HR) being ≤1.25.ResultsA total of 414 patients with incident ESKD were randomly assigned to PD (n = 213) or HD (n = 201). During a median follow‐up of 1.7 years, 37 patients in the PD group and 31 in the HD group died, giving respective event rates per patient‐year of 0.061 and 0.071. The HR for mortality on PD in comparison with HD was 0.76 (95% CI 0.47–1.24) after adjustment for age, sex, and diabetes status, achieving the limit for non‐inferiority. There were more adverse events (p = 0.003), serious adverse events (p = 0.009), and adverse events leading to hospitalization (p = 0.003) in the PD group than in the HD group; however, there was no significant between‐group difference in adverse events leading to death or discontinuation of treatment.ConclusionsPD was non‐inferior to conventional in‐center HD in terms of survival in patients with ESKD. Our findings underscore the need for shared decision‐making between physicians and patients regarding the selection of dialysis modality.Trial registrationRegistered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01413074).
Data mining accelerated the design strategy of high‐entropy alloys with the largest hardness based on genetic algorithm optimization
Authors: Jin Xianzhe , Luo Hong , Wang Xuefei , Cheng Hongxu , Fan Chunhui , Li Xiaogang , Yan Xiongbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article proposed a design strategy that integrated machine learning models based on random forest and genetic algorithm (GA) for the rapid screening of hardness in the AlCoCrCuFeMoNiTi high‐entropy alloys system. Through feature engineering and modeling, valence electron concentration, atomic size difference (δr), Pauling electronegativity difference (Δχ), geometric parameters (Λ), and the Cr content were identified as the five key features in the database. The GA was employed to search for alloys with superior hardness and guided synthesis. After three iterations, the HEA Al18Co21Cr23Fe23Mo15 exhibiting the highest predicted hardness (868.8 HV) was identified. The alloy was predominantly composed of BCC, ordered B2, and σ phases, with an experimental hardness of 899.8 ± 9.9 HV, which as approximately 5.38% greater than the maximum hardness observed in the original dataset. The design strategy can also solve other regression problems and pave the way for optimizing material performance in various engineering applications.
A broadband single‐layer reflectarray antenna with split ring element
Authors: Li Sen , Cai Yang , Ma Hong , Cao Yufan , Bu Lijun , Zhang Xiwei , Wu Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA broadband single‐layer reflectarray comprising three‐layer concentric split ring elements is proposed. The reflection phase is achieved by changing the flare angle of the inner and outer split rings. The resonance of the element is easily controlled by varying the relative relationships between the homomorphic patches. And the length of the split ring changes in the azimuth direction, which improves the utilization rate of unit space. The middle split ring acts as a parasitic structure with constant size, making the surface current distribution of the element more uniform to improve the element bandwidth. A reflectarray containing 256 elements is designed and tested. The measured results indicate that the peak gain is 25.3 dBi corresponding to the aperture efficiency of 42%. And the 1‐dB gain bandwidth of the reflectarray of 21.7% is achieved.
Effect of reduced graphene oxide on vulcanization of polydimethylsiloxane composites
Authors: Khakbaz Fatemeh , Razzaghi‐Kashani Mehdi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the kinetics of addition vulcanization in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers. For this purpose, the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and silane‐grafted GO followed by chemical reduction of particles was conducted to prepare rGOs with different surface chemistry. Particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis. Composites of PDMS containing these particles were prepared by solution mixing, and vulcanization of composites was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Results showed that the rate and degree of vulcanization reaction increase up to a critical concentration of particles and then decrease afterward. This behavior was attributed to the catalytic effect of chemical groups on the surface of rGOs, whereas the reverse behavior above the critical concentration was correlated to the immobilization of trapped rubber in the network of particles. Grafting graphene oxide by a long alkyl‐chain silane covered these chemical groups, suppressed the catalytic effect, improved the dispersion of particles, and shifted the critical concentration lower. The critical concentration was correlated to the electrical percolation threshold of particles and confirmed by the solvent swelling method. It was also shown that rGO can itself act as the catalyst for the vulcanization of PDMS with no need for platinum. As the dynamic‐mechanical‐thermal analysis showed, the PDMS composites containing 0.75 wt% of particles did not vulcanize properly. However, composites containing fewer particles were vulcanized.Highlights
Reduced graphene oxide affects additional vulcanization of PDMS.
Below a critical loading, rGO accelerates vulcanization by a catalytic effect.
Above critical loading, rGO decelerates vulcanization by a networking effect.
Surface groups of rGO control catalytic and networking mechanisms.
Silane modification of rGO affects interfacial behavior, thus critical loading.
Tuning of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Surface Properties Affect Their Biological Fate
Authors: Ferreira Avelino , Fernandez Alarcon Jennifer , Guffanti Federica , Morelli Annalisa , Russo Luca , Violatto Martina B. , Cognet Valentin , Barrientos Africa , Soliman Mahmoud G. , Dobricic Marko , Moya Sergio E. , Bigini Paolo , Monopoli Marco P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUltrasmall nanoparticles of 10 nm or less in size have been shown to have great potential in the biomedical field due to their high surface area and strong tissue penetration. Their easy functionalization and unique behavior at the nanoscale, such as the reduced corona formation and lower liver retention allow them to be a potential tool for precision targeting. In this study, PEGylated ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with a 4 nm core size are developed. They are functionalized with the cyclic RGD (cRGD) targeting peptide, which provides high binding affinity toward αVβ3 integrin receptor, often overexpressed in solid tumors. Further evidence is presented that cRGD functionalized GNPs partially escape lysosomes while penetrating deeper into the liver parenchyma. These particles provide a potential future strategy for specific αVβ3 integrin targeting.
Pediatric high‐altitude pulmonary edema and acute mountain sickness: Clinical features and risk determinants
Authors: Mi Yu‐Mei , Hu Wei‐Lin , Chao Hua‐Mao , Hua Chun‐Zhen , Chen Zhi‐Min 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis investigation aimed to delineate the clinical manifestations associated with high‐altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and acute mountain sickness (AMS) in pediatric populations and find the risk factors of HAPE.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from children under 18 years diagnosed with HAPE and AMS at an average altitude of 3000 m. The clinical data between these two groups were compared.ResultsThe study encompassed 74 pediatric patients, 27 with AMS and 47 with HAPE. HAPE presentations included classic HAPE (55.3%), reentry HAPE (27.7%), and high‐altitude resident pulmonary edema (HARPE, 17.0%). Notably, 87.2% of HAPE cases were male, and 68.1% had a high body mass index (BMI). HARPE instances followed viral infections, prominently SARS‐CoV‐2. HAPE cases exhibited higher BMI, respiratory tract infections within 1 week preceding symptom onset, an increase in white blood cell counts (WBCs), lower peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and higher heart rate compared to the AMS group. Multivariate logistic regression pinpointed high BMI as an independent HAPE risk factor (odds ratio = 19.389, 95% confidence interval: 1.069–351.759, p = .045).ConclusionHAPE occurs predominantly in males, with high BMI identified as a critical independent risk factor. The study underscores the need for heightened awareness and preventive strategies against HAPE in children at high altitudes.
Multiple tasks control of nonlinear systems under signal temporal logic and its application to mobile robots
Authors: Wu Feifan , Long Lijun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the control problem of complex temporal logic tasks for nonlinear systems. A new control barrier function (CBF) called time‐varying extent‐compatible control barrier function (TV‐ECCBF) is proposed, which extends the traditional CBF by considering time‐varying extent or volumes. The main aim of TV‐ECCBF is to tackle the issue of avoiding obstacles in real‐world situations that have irregular or dynamically changing shapes, which cannot be efficiently resolved through traditional CBF methods. To encode complex task specifications, a control framework is presented based on signal temporal logic (STL). Additionally, we introduce robust semantics to discuss the satisfaction of target formulas. Moreover, the control framework generates controllers automatically based on different types of tasks, exhibiting global performance in achieving complex tasks. Finally, two examples of mobile robot systems are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the TV‐ECCBF and the proposed design framework.
A GSH‐Responsive Prodrug with Simultaneous Triple‐Activation Capacity for Photodynamic/Sonodynamic Combination Therapy with Inhibited Skin Phototoxicity
Authors: Deng Caiting , Zhang Jingjing , Hu Fanchun , Han Shupeng , Zheng Meichen , An Feifei , Wang Fu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, a dual‐sensitizer prodrug, named pro‐THPC, has been designed to function as both a photosensitizer and a sonosensitizer prodrug for precise antitumor combination therapy with minimized skin phototoxicity. Pro‐THPC could be activated by glutathione (GSH) to release the dual‐sensitizer, THPC, which simultaneously switches on fluorescence emission and combined capabilities of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Pro‐THPC is further formulated into nanoparticles (NPs) for water dispersity to enable in vivo applications. In vivo fluorescence imaging shows that the pro‐THPC NPs group exhibits a significantly higher tumor‐to‐normal tissue ratio (T/N) (T/N = 5.2 ± 0.55) compared to the “always on” THPC NPs group (T/N = 2.9 ± 0.47) and the pro‐THPC NPs group co‐administrated with GSH synthesis inhibitor (buthionine sulfoximine, BSO) (T/N = 3.2 ± 0.63). In addition, the generation of the designed dual‐sensitizer's reactive oxygen species (ROS) is effectively confined within the tumor tissues due to the relatively strong correlation between ROS generation and fluorescence emission. In vivo studies further demonstrate the remarkable efficacy of the designed pro‐THPC NPs to eradicate tumors through the combination of PDT and SDT while significantly reducing skin phototoxicity.
DL‐Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride Multiple‐site Synergy Induced Effective and Stable Formamidine‐Rich Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gong Xiaoli , He Aoxi , Tang Peng , Hao Xia , Wu Lili , Wang Wenwu , Zhang Jingquan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe efficiency and stability of solar cells are two key indicators that determine for the commercial feasibility of photovoltaic devices. Formamidine‐cesium perovskite has been extensively investigated since its excellent thermal stability and has great potential in achieving high power conversion efficiency. However, during the aging process, especially under light conditions, formamidine‐rich perovskites are prone to produce iodine, and the escape of iodine is one of the important factors leading to device degradation. Here, DL‐Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride containing the reducing group is introduced into the precursor solution of formamidine‐cesium perovskite, which achieves multiple‐site passivation. Hydrazine reacts with iodine to reduce it to iodine ions, inhibiting the escape of iodine. In addition, carbonyl groups and uncoordinated lead ions form coordination bonds to reduce defects. In the end, the perovskite solar cell with DL‐Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride added achieves a champion efficiency of 22.22%, and maintains 85.88% of the initial efficiency after continuous exposure under 1 sun for 7000 s at a relative humidity of ≈40%. Additionally, DL‐Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride added device shows good stability in air environments with relative humidity of 50%–60%. DL‐Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride improves the stability of formamidine‐rich perovskite solar cells and provides a low‐cost strategy for commercial development.
Electrostatic Repulsion Facilitated Ion Transport in Covalent−Organic Framework Membranes
Authors: Lyu Bohui , Jiang Jianwen , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCovalent−organic framework (COF) membranes are increasingly used for many potential applications including ion separation, fuel cells, and ion batteries. It is of central importance to fundamentally and quantitatively understand ion transport in COF membranes. In this study, a series of COF membranes is designed with different densities and arrangements of functional groups and subsequently utilize molecular simulation to provide microscopic insights into ion transport in these membranes. The membrane with a single‐sided layer exhibits the highest chloride ion (Cl−) conductivity of 77.2 mS cm−1 at 30 °C. Replacing the single‐sided layer with a double‐sided layer or changing layer arrangement leads to a decrease in Cl− conductivity up to 33% or 53%, respectively. It is revealed that the electrostatic repulsion between ions serves as a driving force to facilitate ion transport and the positions of functional groups determine the direction of electrostatic repulsion. Furthermore, the ordered pores generate concentrated ions and allow rapid ion transport. This study offers bottom‐up inspiration on the design of new COF membranes with moderate density and proper arrangement of functional groups to achieve high ion conductivity.