bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of War-Related Mental Health Conditions and Association With Displacement Status in Postwar Jaffna District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Husain Farah , Anderson Mark , Lopes Cardozo Barbara , Becknell Kristin , Blanton Curtis , Araki Diane , Kottegoda Vithana Eeshara 
Published: August 2011

ContextNearly 2.7 million individuals worldwide are internally displaced (seeking refuge in secure areas of their own country) annually by armed conflict. Although the psychological impact of war has been well documented, less is known about the mental health symptoms of forced displacement among internally displaced persons.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of the most common war-related mental health conditions, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression, and to assess the association between displacement status and these conditions in postwar Jaffna District, Sri Lanka.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsBetween July and September 2009, a cross-sectional multistage cluster sample survey was conducted among 1517 Jaffna District households including 2 internally displaced persons camps. The response rate was 92% (1448 respondents, 1409 eligible respondents). Two percent of participants (n = 80) were currently displaced, 29.5% (n = 539) were recently resettled, and 68.5% (n = 790) were long-term residents. Bivariable analyses followed by multivariable logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between displacement status and mental health.Main Outcome MeasuresSymptom criteria of PTSD, anxiety, and depression as measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist–25.ResultsThe overall prevalences of symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1%-9.7%), 32.6% (95% CI, 28.5%-36.9%), and 22.2% (95% CI, 18.2%-26.5%), respectively. Currently displaced participants were more likely to report symptoms of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 2.71; 95% CI, 1.28-5.73), anxiety (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.89-4.48), and depression (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 2.47-8.39) compared with long-term residents. Recently resettled residents were more likely to report symptoms of PTSD (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.11-3.47) compared with long-term residents. However, displacement was no longer associated with mental health symptoms after controlling for trauma exposure.ConclusionAmong residents of Jaffna District in Sri Lanka, prevalence of symptoms of war-related mental health conditions was substantial and significantly associated with displacement status and underlying trauma exposure.
Design and application of a steam temperature optimizer in a combined cycle
Authors: Nevado Antonio , Martín Isaías , Mur Francisco 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents the application of an adaptive predictive control system, entitled ‘Steam Temperature Optimizer’ (STO), in the combined cycle of the Empresa Nacional de Electricidad SA at Barranco de Tirajana in the Canary Islands. This combined cycle comprises two gas turbines of 70 MW each, two recovery boilers, and one steam turbine also of 70 MW. The STO was applied to the control of the temperature of the high‐pressure recovery boilers and integrated in parallel with the plant's distributed control system by means of object linking and embedding for process control communication. The STO control strategies, designed to deal with the specific attemperation control problems and plant instrumentation limitations, are presented and the experimental results analyzed in comparison with those obtained by the existing PID‐based system. The STO improved significantly the control precision and the stability of the steam temperature and confirmed adaptive predictive control as a reliable self‐tuning methodology for this kind of process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Borderline personality traits and adult attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: A genetic analysis of comorbidity
Authors: Distel Marijn A. , Carlier Angela , Middeldorp Christel M. , Derom Catherine A. , Lubke Gitta H. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPrevious research has established the comorbidity of adult Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with different personality disorders including Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The association between adult ADHD and BPD has primarily been investigated at the phenotypic level and not yet at the genetic level. The present study investigates the genetic and environmental contributions to the association between borderline personality traits (BPT) and ADHD symptoms in a sample of 7,233 twins and siblings (aged 18–90 years) registered with the Netherlands Twin Register and the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (EFPTS) . Participants completed the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS‐S:SV) and the Personality Assessment Inventory‐Borderline Features Scale (PAI‐BOR). A bivariate genetic analysis was performed to determine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence variation in BPT and ADHD symptoms and the covariance between them. The heritability of BPT and ADHD symptoms was estimated at 45 and 36%, respectively. The remaining variance in BPT and ADHD symptoms was explained by unique environmental influences. The phenotypic correlation between BPT and ADHD symptoms was estimated at r = 0.59, and could be explained for 49% by genetic factors and 51% by environmental factors. The genetic and environmental correlations between BPT and ADHD symptoms were 0.72 and 0.51, respectively. The shared etiology between BPT and ADHD symptoms is thus a likely cause for the comorbidity of the two disorders. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PDGFR‐α inhibition preserves blood‐brain barrier after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Ma Qingyi , Huang Bin , Khatibi Nikan , Rolland William , Suzuki Hidenori , Zhang John H. , Tang Jiping 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:Perihematomal edema results from disruption of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) by key mediators, such as thrombin, following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR‐α), a tyrosine kinase receptor, was found in previous studies to play a role in orchestrating BBB impairment. In the present study, we investigated the role of PDGFR‐α following ICH‐induced brain injury in mice, specifically investigating its effect on BBB disruption.Methods:Brain injury was induced by autologous arterial blood (30μl) or thrombin (5U) injection into mice brains. A PDGFR antagonist (Gleevec) or agonist (PDGF‐AA) was administered following ICH. PDGF‐AA was injected with a thrombin inhibitor, hirudin, in ICH mice. Thrombin‐injected mice were given Gleevec or PDGF‐AA neutralizing antibody. A p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, SB203580, was delivered with PDGF‐AA in naïve animals. Postassessment included neurological function tests, brain edema measurement, Evans blue extravasation, immunoprecipitation, western blot, and immunohistology assay.Results:PDGFR‐α suppression prevented neurological deficits, brain edema, and Evans blue extravasation at 24 to 72 hours following ICH. PDGFR‐α activation led to BBB impairment and this was reversed by SB203580 in naïve mice. Thrombin inhibition suppressed PDGFR‐α activation and exogenous PDGF‐AA increased PDGFR‐α activation, regardless of thrombin inhibition. Animals receiving a PDGF‐AA–neutralizing antibody or Gleevec showed minimized thrombin injection–induced BBB impairment.Interpretation:PDGFR‐α signaling may contribute to BBB impairment via p38 MAPK‐mediated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation/expression following ICH, and thrombin may be the key upstream orchestrator. The therapeutic interventions targeting the PDGFR‐α signaling may be a novel strategy to prevent thrombin‐induced BBB impairment following ICH. ANN NEUROL 2011;70::920–931
Ex vivo spinal cord slice model of neuromyelitis optica reveals novel immunopathogenic mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Hua , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Verkman A. S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a neuroinflammatory disease of spinal cord and optic nerve associated with serum autoantibodies (NMO–immunoglobulin G [IgG]) against astrocyte water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4). Recent studies suggest that AQP4 autoantibodies are pathogenic. The objectives of this study were to establish an ex vivo spinal cord slice model in which NMO‐IgG exposure produces lesions with characteristic NMO pathology, and to test the involvement of specific inflammatory cell types and soluble factors.Methods:Vibratome‐cut transverse spinal cord slices were cultured on transwell porous supports. After 7 days in culture, spinal cord slices were exposed to NMO‐IgG and complement for 1 to 3 days. In some studies inflammatory cells or factors were added. Slices were examined for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), AQP4, and myelin immunoreactivity.Results:Spinal cord cellular structure, including astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and myelin, was preserved in culture. NMO‐IgG bound strongly to astrocytes in the spinal cord slices. Slices exposed to NMO‐IgG and complement showed marked loss of GFAP, AQP4, and myelin. Lesions were not seen in the absence of complement or in spinal cord slices from AQP4 null mice. In cultures treated with submaximal NMO‐IgG, the severity of NMO lesions was increased with inclusion of neutrophils, natural killer cells, or macrophages, or the soluble factors tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, or interferon‐γ. Lesions were also produced in ex vivo optic nerve and hippocampal slice cultures.Interpretation:These results provide evidence for AQP4, complement‐ and NMO‐IgG–dependent NMO pathogenesis in spinal cord, and implicate the involvement of specific immune cells and cytokines. Our ex vivo model allows for direct manipulation of putative effectors of NMO disease pathogenesis in a disease‐relevant tissue. ANN NEUROL 2011
Cationic UV curing behavior and thermal properties of oxetane‐modified polysiloxane prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate
Authors: Zhan Fu , Cheng Xi‐e , Shi Wenfang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe oxetane‐modified polysiloxane (Oxe‐PSiO) was synthesized via the partial hydrolysis/condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and then transesterification reaction with 3‐ethyl‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)oxetane (EHO), and characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Using the water/TEOS molar ratios of 0.8–1.2, the number‐average molecular weights and polydispersity indices were obtained by GPC to range from 1.013 to 2.716 g mol−1 and around 2.0, respectively. The viscosity of Oxe‐PSiO prepared from the water/TEOS molar ratio of 1.2 sharply increased to 177,545 cps from 438 cps of that from the molar ratio of 0.8. A series of cationic UV‐curable formulations were prepared by blending the Oxe‐PSiO synthesized with the water/TEOS molar ratio of 1.0 into an commercial oxetane‐based resin, 3,3′‐[oxydi(methylene)]bis(3‐ethyloxetane), in different weight ratios. The photopolymerization kinetics studied by photo‐DSC in the presence of triphenylsulphonium hexafluoroantimonate as a cationic photoinitiator showed that both the maximum photopolymerization rate and final oxetane conversion in the cured film decreased with increasing Oxe‐PSiO loading mainly due to the sharp increase in viscosity. The DMTA and DSC results both indicated the improvement in thermal stability, showing 12 and 13.4°C, respectively, higher Tg for the cured film with 50 wt % Oxe‐PSiO loading compared with the pure polymer. Moreover, the temperatures (T10% and T50%) at the weight loss of 10 and 50% and final char yields measured by TGA increased with increasing Oxe‐PSiO content. After adding 50 wt % Oxe‐PSiO, compared with the pure polymer the T10% increased from 349 to 361°C, while the T50% increased from 409 to 424°C, and with a char yield increase of 8.2% at 800°C. In addition, its greatly increased crosslinking density due to the formation of silica network resulted in the enhancement in pencil hardness from B of the pure polymer to 2H grade. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Experimental, analytical, and numerical investigation of interphasial stress and strain fields in MWCNT polymer composites
Authors: Papanicolaou G. C. , Drakopoulos E. D. , Anifantis N. K. , Papaefthymiou K. P. , Portan D. V. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this investigation, the effect of polymer matrix‐MWCNT interphase on the stress and strain fields developed at the close vicinity of MWCNT was studied. The recently developed concept of the hybrid interphase (Papanicolaou et al., 2002) was applied. According to this concept, the interphase thickness depends on the property considered at the time. The parameter of imperfect bonding between the primary constituent materials is also introduced by means of the degree of adhesion. Experimental findings combined with analytical and numerical results gave a better understanding of the structural and mechanical performance of epoxy resin‐carbon nanotubes composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Leachability of degradation products from hard chairside reline resins in artificial saliva: Effect of water‐bath post‐polymerization treatment
Authors: Urban Vanessa Migliorini , Machado Ana Lucia , Vergani Carlos Eduardo , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , Cass Quezia Bezerra 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe effect of a post‐polymerization treatment on the leaching of methacrylic acid (MA) and benzoic acid (BA) from the reline resins [Kooliner (K), New Truliner (N), Ufi Gel hard (U), and Tokuso Rebase Fast (T)] was evaluated. Specimens of each material were divided into two groups: Group C (control) – left untreated; Group WB (water‐bath) – immersion in water at 55 ± 1°C for 10 min. Specimens were placed in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1°C and, after 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, 24‐h and 3‐, 7‐, 14‐, and 30‐day intervals, aliquots were removed and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests (α = 0.05). At 1 h, the concentration of MA released from U control specimens was higher than those of the other ones, and decreased after 3 h. WB specimens released lower amounts of MA than control specimens only for material U, at the 1‐ and 3‐h periods. For all control specimens, concentrations of leached BA progressively decreased within 5 h and from 24 h to the end. WB specimens released significantly lower amounts of BA than did the control groups. The highest concentration of MA was leached from control specimens of Ufi Gel hard. Water‐bath post‐polymerization treatment caused a significant reduction in elution of BA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Quallen an Nord‐ und Ostseeküste
Authors: Holst Sabine 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQuallenmassen sind nicht nur ein Ärgernis für Badegäste an den Stränden, sondern haben auch massive Auswirkungen auf marine Ökosyteme und die Wirtschaft. Die Gründe für die weltweit beobachtete Zunahme der Massenauftreten von Quallen sind noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Anthropogene Einflüsse wie die Bebauung der Meere, Überfischung und Eutrophierung sowie die Klimaerwärmung gelten als mögliche Ursachen. Quallen und ihre Verwandten verfügen über faszinierende Fähigkeiten und Eigenschaften. Dazu gehören ihre enorme Regenerationsfähigkeit, ihre Anpassungsfähigkeit an veränderliche Umweltbedingungen und vor allem ihre Waffen, die Nesselkapseln. Trotz eines einfachen Nervensystems verfügen Quallen über erstaunliche Sinnesleistungen.
Bioaerosole – was wir alles einatmen
Authors: Sturm Robert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBioaerosole stellen wichtige Bestandteile der umgebenden Atmosphäre dar und enthalten eine Vielzahl pflanzlicher, tierischer und mikrobieller Komponenten, deren Größe von wenigen Nanometern bis zu mehreren hundert Mikrometern reicht. Gelangen Teilchen eines Bioaerosols mit dem Menschen in Kontakt, so besteht grundsätzlich die Möglichkeit ihrer Aufnahme durch das Atmungssystem. Während größere Partikel bereits in Nase und Mund weitgehend vom inhalierten Luftstrom getrennt werden und somit kaum zur Lunge vorzudringen vermögen, besitzen kleine Teilchen zum Teil hohe Ablagerungswahrscheinlichkeiten in den Luftwegen und Lungenbläschen. Dort wird jedoch ein Großteil der angesammelten Partikel durch die Reinigungsmechanismen der Lunge wieder entfernt. Bioaerosol‐Teilchen gelten als Auslöser von Infektionen, allergischen Reaktionen und daran gekoppelten Krankheiten sowie toxischen Reaktionen.
Materielle Modelle als Quellen
Authors: Ludwig David 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMaterielle Modelle sind biologiehistorische Quellen von herausragender Relevanz, dennoch bleiben sie als Bestandteile wissenschaftlicher Sammlungen häufig unerfasst und unerforscht. Mittels einer frei zugänglichen Onlinedatenbank soll sich das nun ändern.
An anatomic study of the quadratus plantae in relation to tendinous slips of the flexor hallucis longus for gait analysis
Authors: Hur Mi‐Sun , Kim Jae‐Hyoun , Woo Jung‐Su , Choi Byoung‐Young , Kim Hee‐Jin , Lee Kyu‐Seok 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the morphology of the quadratus plantae (QP) in relation to the tendinous slips of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and their surrounding structures, thereby providing data to understand function of the QP during gait, and for analyzing the movements of the foot and designing postoperative rehabilitation programs. The QP was investigated in 50 specimens of embalmed adult cadavers. The QP inserted into the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and the tendinous slips of the FHL in 96%, and only to the tendon of the FDL in 4%. The tendinous slip of the FHL targeted the tendon for the second toe in 4 of the 50 specimens (8%). The tendinous slip divided into two separate slips to the tendons for the second and third toes in 32 specimens (64%), and for the second, third, and fourth toes in 14 specimens (28%). Thus, the tendon and tendinous slips of the FHL may distribute the load of the great toe to the second toe to the third or fourth toe in the forefoot, especially during toe‐off. In addition, the main attachment of the QP to the tendinous slips of the FHL may provide more efficient control of the long flexor tendons in comparison with that of the QP to the tendon of the FDL. Clin. Anat. 24:768–773, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prejudice Against Muslim Australians: The Role of Values, Gender and Consensus
Authors: Pedersen Anne , Hartley Lisa Kathryn 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTData from an Australian community survey (n = 189) examining the predictors of prejudice against Muslim Australians were analysed. Using thematic analysis, we investigated the specific values our participants reported regarding their perceptions of Muslim Australians and Islam. We then investigated the relationship between prejudice against Muslim Australians, the most important value priorities given by our participants, and other prejudice‐related variables. After entry into a regression analysis, the participants high in prejudice were found to be significantly more likely to have lower educational levels and more right‐wing views. They were also significantly more likely to report high levels of national attitudes (i.e. stronger identification with Australian identity), concern about gender equality within the Muslim community, less concern about equality generally and report that Muslims were not conforming to Australian values. High prejudiced participants also scored higher in the reporting of negative media‐related beliefs, were more likely to perceive higher support in the community for their views than was the case and were more negative towards Muslim men than Muslim women. The implications for anti‐prejudice interventions are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inorganic SnX‐Complex‐Induced 1D, 2D, and 3D Copper Sulfide Superstructures from Anisotropic Hexagonal Nanoplate Building Blocks
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Wang Meijuan , Shen Huaibin , Zhang Yongguang , Wang Hongzhe , Li Lin Song 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA facile route was demonstrated for inorganic SnX‐complex‐induced syntheses of self‐assembled 1D columnar, 2D raftlike, and 3D stratiform anisotropic Cu2S hexagonal nanoplates. The factors (reaction time, temperature, the concentration of SnX complex, and so on) that influence the size, phase, monodispersity, and self‐assembly ability of the Cu2S hexagonal nanoplates were studied in detail. It was found that the SnX complex could inhibit the growth of the <001> direction of monoclinic Cu2S nanocrystals, which further induced the formation of the hexagonal lamellar structure. Furthermore, it revealed that the formation of the 1D arrangement was preferred as particles stacked in a face‐to‐face configuration by maximizing ligand–surface interactions. Then, high ligand density along the side of the 1D columnar arrangement induced well‐defined 2D raftlike and 3D stratiform self‐assembly.
Bifunctional Hydrogen‐Bond Donors That Bear a Quinazoline or Benzothiadiazine Skeleton for Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Inokuma Tsubasa , Furukawa Masaya , Uno Takuya , Suzuki Yusuke , Yoshida Kohzo , Yano Yoshiaki , Matsuzaki Katsumi , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHydrogen‐bond (HB)‐donor catalysts that bear a 2‐aminoquinazolin‐4‐(1H)‐one or a 3‐aminobenzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide skeleton have been developed, and it has been shown that these catalyst motifs act similarly to other HB‐donor catalysts such as thioureas. The highly enantioselective hydrazination of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds was realized even at room temperature with up to 96 % ee for 2‐aminoquinazolin‐4‐(1H)‐one‐type catalysts, which were more effective than the corresponding urea and thiourea catalysts. In addition, benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide‐type catalysts were shown to promote the isomerization of alkynoates to allenoates with high enantioselectivity. To overcome the problem that the products were obtained as mixtures with the starting alkynoates, we developed the tandem isomerization and cycloaddition of alkynoates for the synthesis of advanced chiral compounds such as bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenes and 3‐alkylidene pyrrolidine without a significant loss of enantioselectivity.
Das Franck‐Condon‐Prinzip
Authors: Mustroph Heinz , Ernst Steffen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBei Rotations‐ und Schwingungsübergängen in Molekülen wird das quantenmechanische Modell, nach dem diese Übergänge nur zwischen den diskreten Zuständen erfolgen, die die Resonanzbedingung erfüllen, problemlos anerkannt und angewandt. Genauso wird akzeptiert, dass für Rotations‐ und Schwingungsübergänge Auswahlregeln gelten. Warum fällt es so schwer, anzuerkennen, dass dieses bewährte quantenmechanische Modell bei vibronischen Übergängen genauso Gültigkeit hat, nur dass anstelle einer Auswahlregel das Franck‐Condon‐Prinzip für die Besetzung von Schwingungszuständen im elektronischen Anregungszustand gilt? Auf alle Fälle dürfen vermeintlich anschauliche und bequeme aber falsche Erklärungen, auch wenn sie weit verbreitet sind, kompliziertere, korrekte quantenmechanische Modelle nicht ersetzen. Sowohl in wissenschaftlichen Publikationen als auch in der Lehre sollte nur die quantenmechanische Version des Franck‐Condon‐Prinzips verwendet werden. Begriffe wie “Franck‐Condon‐Punkt” oder “Franck‐Condon‐Region der photochemischen Reaktion” sollten künftig vermieden werden.
50 Jahre Pille in Deutschland
Authors: Streller Sabine , Roth Klaus 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDie Erarbeitung der wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen und die darauf aufbauende Verwirklichung einer oralen Verhütung ist eine der größten Leistungen der Menschheit. Fast unglaublich klingende Forschungsanstrengungen an Universitäten und in der Industrie, erhebliche finanzielle Investitionen der pharmazeutischen Industrie sowie der Mut Einzelner, die öffentliche Meinung zu beeinflussen und die Gesetzgebung zu verändern, machten den Erfolg möglich. Erst seit 1961 haben die Frauen in Europa verlässliche und sichere Vergütungsmittel in der Hand. Und alles begann mit Chemie. Schauen wir zurück und nach vorn.