bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing the Metallothionein‐2A Gene Induces Entosis in Adherent MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Lai Yiyang , Lim Daina , Tan Puay‐Hoon , Leung Thomas King‐Chor , Yip George Wai‐Cheong , Bay Boon‐Huat 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe presence of a live cell cohabiting within another cell has fascinated scientists for many decades. Far from being a spurious event, many have attempted to uncover the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon. In this study, we observed anchorage‐dependent MCF‐7 cells internalizing neighboring epithelial cells (entosis) after siRNA‐mediated silencing of the Metallothionein‐2A (MT‐2A) gene. MTs belong to a family of low‐molecular weight proteins, which bind metal ions endogenously and its over‐expression has been reported in a variety of cancers that include breast, prostate, and colon. We provide microscopic evidence at light and ultrastructural levels of the occurrence of entosis after altering MT expression in a subpopulation of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells by silencing the MT‐2A gene. Our results demonstrate that adheren junctions may play important roles in the formation of cell‐in‐cell cytostructure after MT‐2A gene downregulation and the entotic process does not appear to involve genes associated with autophagy. Interiorized cells often underwent lysosomal degradation within the cytoplasmic body of the engulfing cell. It would appear that a subset of breast cancer cells could die via entosis after MT‐2A gene silencing. Anat Rec 293:1685–1691, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracapsular Organization of Ciliary Zonules in Monkey Eyes
Authors: Hiraoka Mari , Inoue Ken‐Ichi , Ohtaka‐Maruyama Chiaki , Ohsako Shunji , Kojima Naosuke , Senoo Haruki , Takada Masahiko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCiliary zonules are responsible for changing the curvature of a lens in the dioptric focus of an eye. Present established theory is based on the relaxation of zonular superficial fasciculi affixed to the capsular surface, thereby inducing the change of anterior‐ and posterior lens curvature causing spontaneous liquid movement of lens material. To achieve precise focusing at any distance, a more active functional organization should exist. The present studies were performed to determine not only the surface attachment but also the intracapsular affix of zonules on monkey eyes. In addition, the development of focusing in newborn and presbyopia is analyzed. Histology was prepared by conventional and molecular immunofluorescence stainings on the compositions of zonules with fibrillin‐1 (FBN 1) and lens capsule with collagen IV (COL IV), and in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses on frozen sections. Superficial circumferential attachments of zonule were found radially oriented between ciliary processes and anterior/posterior lens capsules forming a triangular figure. Two functional intralayer integrations were found above them; anterior‐posterior crossed fibers over the equator and radial fibers distributed toward the anterior or posterior polar areas. These fibers were bound tightly to the deep layer connective tissues close to the lens epithelium. Fine zonular fibers were aggregated, gradually forming bundles and bifurcated again on the way to the capsule. The lateral striped staining pattern in bundles suggested their elastic nature. Response of α‐helixes of collagen IV immunostaining was more positive on α‐1,2,4 than α‐3,5,6 on anterior‐ and posterior lens capsules. Newborn eyes revealed not fascicular but fine membranous zonules on the lens surface and small ciliary processes. ISH analysis revealed high synthetic expression of FBN 1 mRNA in cytoplasm of nonpigmented epithelial cells of ciliary processes. The synthetic expression of FBN 1 declined with aging. According to the mechanism of accommodation, active dynamic movement of anterior or posterior capsules play the main role of changing the lens configuration by two intralayer zonular integrations, including anterior‐posterior crossed fibers over the equator and radial fibers toward anterior or posterior polar areas acting with coordinated contraction of circular or longitudinal ciliary muscles. The developmental change on focusing is brought about by synthesis of FBN 1 in the newborn eye. Anat Rec 293:1797–1804, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of cognitive load in Web search
Authors: Gwizdka Jacek 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe search task and the system both affect the demand on cognitive resources during information search. In some situations the demands may become too high for a person. This article has a three‐fold goal. First, it presents and critiques methods to measure cognitive load. Second, it explores the distribution of load across search task stages. Finally, it seeks to improve our understanding of factors affecting cognitive load levels in information search. To this end, a controlled Web search experiment with 48 participants was conducted. Interaction logs were used to segment search tasks semiautomatically into task stages. Cognitive load was assessed using a new variant of the dual‐task method. Average cognitive load was found to vary by search task stages. It was significantly higher during query formulation and user description of a relevant document as compared to examining search results and viewing individual documents. Semantic information shown next to the search results lists in one of the studied interfaces was found to decrease mental demands during query formulation and examination of the search results list. These findings demonstrate that changes in dynamic cognitive load can be detected within search tasks. Dynamic assessment of cognitive load is of core interest to information science because it enriches our understanding of cognitive demands imposed on people engaged in the search process by a task and the interactive information retrieval system employed.
On the nature of the purported common proper motion companions to the exoplanet host star 51 Peg
Authors: Mamajek E.E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGreaves (2006) proposed that three red, high proper motion stars within 10° of 51 Peg (NLTT 54007, 54064, and 55547) are co‐moving companions to this famous exoplanet host star. While the stars clearly have proper motions similar to 51 Peg, the inferred kinematic parallaxes for these stars produce extremely inconsistent color‐magnitude positions 2 to 4 magnitudes below the main sequence. All three stars are likely to be background stars unrelated to 51 Peg (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low pH dye decolorization with ascomycete Lamprospora wrightii laccase
Authors: Mueangtoom Kitti , Kittl Roman , Mann Oliver , Haltrich Dietmar , Ludwig Roland 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a screening of saprotrophic, ectomycorrhizal and plant pathogen ascomycetes a frequent occurrence of laccase was observed. Lamprospora wrightii, the best producing organism, was chosen to elucidate the properties of a laccase from a moss‐associated, saprotrophic ascomycete. The expression of laccase by this bryophilic fungus could be increased by the addition of tomato juice or copper sulfate to the medium. The obtained volumetric activity after optimization was 420 U/mL in either shaking flask or bioreactor‐based cultivations. The purified laccase has a molecular mass of 68 kDa and an isoelectric point of 3.4. Although of ascomycete origin, its catalytic properties are similar to typical basidiomycte laccases, and an excellent activity and stability was observed at low pH, which makes it suitable for bioremediation in acidic environments. As an example, the decolorization reactions of azo‐, anthraquinone‐, trimethylmethane‐ and indigoid dyes at pH 3.0 and 5.0 were investigated. All ten selected dyes were decolorized, five of them very efficiently. Depending on the dye, the decolorization was found to be a combination of two reactions, degradation of the chromophore and formation of polymerized products, which contributed to the overall process in a dye‐specific pattern.
Risk factors for secondary proctectomy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Sinha A , Tekkis P P , Rashid S , Phillips R K S , Clark S K 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) or restorative proctocolectomy are performed for prophylaxis in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). After IRA patients may require secondary proctectomy for worsening polyposis or rectal cancer. Outcomes after IRA were evaluated and risk factors predictive of progressive rectal disease identified.

Methods
Parametric survival analysis was used to identify predictors of progressive rectal disease in all patients undergoing an IRA for FAP at a single centre. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for phenotype, genotype, sex, age at surgery and presence of colonic cancer.

Results
Of 427 patients who underwent IRA, 48 (11·2 per cent) developed rectal cancer and 77 (18·0 per cent) required proctectomy for worsening polyposis over a median follow-up of 15 (range 7–25) years. By the age of 60 years half of the patients retained their rectum. Rectal polyp count exceeding 20 (HR 30·99, 95 per cent confidence interval 9·57 to 100·32; P &lt; 0·001), APC mutation codon 1250–1450 (HR 3·91, 1·45 to 10·51; P = 0·007), colonic polyp count 500 or more (HR 2·18, 1·24 to 3·82; P = 0·006) and age less than 25 years at the time of surgery (HR 1·99, 1·17 to 3·37; P = 0·011) were independent predictors of progressive rectal disease.

Conclusion
The risk of proctectomy after IRA for FAP is based on patient genotype, phenotype and age at surgery.
Evaluation of HPSEC‐ELSD method for precise measurement of β‐agarase activity
Authors: Kazłowski Bartosz , Kazłowska Katarzyna , Pan Chorng Liang , Ko Yuan Tih 
Published: July 2010

Abstractβ‐Agarase activity was monitored by traditional reducing sugar content methods: Somogyi–Nelson's arsenomolybdate, Miller's dinitrosalicylic acid and Kidby and Davidson's ferricyanide methods, as well as by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with a refractive index detector and an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Calibration curves were established separately for each method to measure the amounts of the neoagaro‐oligosaccharides (NAOS) in the reaction mixtures, which are the products from 1–10 units (U) of β‐agarase cleavage activity on agarose. Product quantities from each monitoring method were compared with the isolated NAOS products. The graphs plotted by agarase activity unit and product concentration clearly displayed that the ELSD method closely followed the results of the isolated products. The percentage deviation of results measured by the five methods away from those of the isolated NAOS product mixture amounted to −13.1–35.1, −21.1–25.5, −27.1–23.81, 6.1–24.3 and 16.2–22.8%, respectively. When the loss during product isolation, about 15–17%, was taken into account, the high precision of the ELSD method was confirmed. HPSEC‐ELSD methods also accurately measured the enzyme kinetics as well as enabling partial identification of oligosaccharides assembled in the NAOS product mixture. This study established the HPSEC‐ELSD system as an alternative method for monitoring agarase activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Pot Preparation of Imines from Nitroarenes by a Tandem Process with an Ir–Pd Heterodimetallic Catalyst
Authors: Zanardi Alessandro , Mata Jose A. , Peris Eduardo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new tandem catalytic process has been studied for a heterodimetallic complex containing both iridium and palladium fragments connected by a 1,2,4‐trimethyltriazolyldiylidene ligand. The process implies the unprecedented preparation of imines from the direct reaction of nitroarenes and primary alcohols. The global process comprises the following steps: 1) reduction of the nitroarene to an amine, 2) oxidation of the alcohol to aldehyde, and 3) condensation of the aldehyde and the amine to form the corresponding imine. The oxidation of the alcohol to aldehyde is promoted by the iridium fragment, while the reduction of the nitro group to amine is facilitated by palladium. A wide set of different catalytic systems has been studied, showing that the Ir/Pd complex 1 is a highly active and stable catalyst in the preparation of imines.
Untersuchungen zur Herstellung von Bioethanol und Biogas aus Lignocelluloserohstoffen nach Vorbehandlung mit Steam Explosion und Cellulasen
Authors: Lindorfer J. , Steinmüller H. , Auer W. , Nidetzky B. , Loncar E. , Jäger A. , Eder A. , Hofer B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBiotreibstoffe der zweiten Generation wie aus Lignocelluloserohstoffen hergestelltes Bioethanol stehen als Option gegen zunehmende Treibhausgasemissionen im Verkehrssektor hoch im Kurs. Zur Entwicklung eines wettbewerbsfähigen Herstellungsverfahrens wurden Versuche zur thermisch‐mechanischen Vorbehandlung (Steam Explosion), Cellulaseproduktion auf vorbehandeltem Rohstoff, enzymatischer Hydrolyse und Ethanol‐ sowie Biogasgärversuche auf dem generierten Weizenstrohhydrolysat im Labormaßstab durchgeführt.
Enhancement of Limestone Defluoridation of Water by Acetic and Citric Acids in Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Nath Suresh K. , Dutta Robin K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLimestone defluoridation by fixed bed reactor has been studied with water pre‐acidified with edible organic acids, viz. acetic acid (AA) and citric acid (CA). The study has been carried out by varying acid concentration, contact time (t), number of repeated use of the same limestone bed (n), and chip size of the crushed limestone using fixed fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L in distilled water and groundwater amended to that concentration of fluoride. The presence of both the acids considerably improved the fluoride removal and the removal increased with increase in the acid concentration. Fluoride removal to less than 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L from initial 5 and 10 mg/L, respectively, have been achieved by the method on treatment with single reactor. The mechanism of fluoride removal in the process thought to be the increase in Ca2+activity by dissolution of limestone, which precipitates as CaF2. XPS analysis reveals that adsorption also contribute to the fluoride removal along with precipitation. The final pH of water remained within acceptable range for drinking water. Initial concentration of fluoride, effects the removal ability of the limestone particles only to some extent. The influence of other anions on fluoride removal process has a little influence which follows the order phosphate > sulfate > bromide > chloride > nitrate.
Expression of GPR177 (Wntless/Evi/Sprinter), a highly conserved Wnt‐transport protein, in rat tissues, zebrafish embryos, and cultured human cells
Authors: Jin Jay , Morse Megan , Frey Colleen , Petko Jessica , Levenson Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGPR177 is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein necessary for Wnt protein secretion. Little is currently known, however, regarding expression of GPR177, especially in vertebrate species. We have developed an antiserum against GPR177, and used it to examine expression of GPR177 in human tissue culture cells, adult mouse, and rat tissues, as well as developing zebrafish embryos. In rodents, GPR177 is expressed in virtually all tissue types and brain regions examined. In zebrafish, GPR177 polypeptides are expressed throughout embryogenesis, and are detectable as early as 1 hr post‐fertilization. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that gpr177 mRNA expression is prominent in embryonic zebrafish brain and ear. Structural studies suggest that GPR177 is modified by N‐linked sugars, and that the protein contains an even number of transmembrane segments. The relatively ubiquitous expression of GPR177 suggests that this protein may serve to regulate Wnt secretion in a variety of embryonic and adult tissue types. Developmental Dynamics 239:2426–2434, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow Injection Analysis of Aluminum Chlorohydrate in Antiperspirant Deodorants Using a Built‐in Three‐in‐one Screen‐Printed Silver Electrode
Authors: Chiu Mei‐Hsin , Kumar Annamalai Senthil , Sornambikai Sundaram , Zen Jyh‐Myng , Shih Ying 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA screen‐printed silver strip with a built‐in three‐in‐one electrode (SPAgE) configuration of Ag‐working, Ag‐counter and Ag/AgxO (silver oxides) pseudoreference electrodes has been developed for sensitive and selective electrochemical flow injection analysis (FIA) of aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) present in antiperspirants, through the free Cl− ion liberated from ACH in aqueous medium, as a redox signal at Ag‐working electrode in pH 6 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The solution phase and instrumental parameters were systematically optimized. The calibration graph was linear in the window 1–200 ppm concentration of ACH and the lowest detection limit (S/N=3) was 295 ppb with a slope of 0.0989 μA/ppm and regression coefficient of 0.998. Calculated relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the detection of 5 and 50 ppm ACH by this method are 2.21 % and 2.16 %, respectively. Four different antiperspirant deodorants real samples with and without ACH content were successfully analyzed and the detected values obtained were found to be in good agreement with the product labeled values.
Second‐Order Data Obtained from Differential Pulse Voltammetry: Determination of Lead in River Water Using Multivariate Curve Resolution‐Alternating Least‐Squares (MCR‐ALS)
Authors: Abdollahi Hamid , Kooshki Mojtaba 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMultivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) with the aim of achieving the electrochemical second order advantage has been applied to potential‐time second‐order data. In this work a simple way is reported as a first approach towards generation of the instrumental electrochemical second‐order data by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A linear dependency exists in the pulse duration profiles of the electroactive species in the mixture samples. Rank deficiency of the mixture data matrix is broken by matrix augmentation. Due to existence of potential shift in the obtained data, MCR‐ALS could not be achieved the convergence on the augmented data. So this shift was corrected with potential shift correction algorithm. Results of MCR‐ALS after shift correction show that the proposed method could be efficiently used for determination of Pb2+ in the presence of unexpected interferents in the river water sample.
Electrochemical Determination of Diclofenac Sodium in Aqueous Solution on Cu‐Doped Zeolite‐Expanded Graphite‐Epoxy Electrode
Authors: Manea Florica , Ihos Monica , Remes Adriana , Burtica Georgeta , Schoonman Joop 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation and determination of diclofenac sodium (DCF) at Cu‐doped zeolite‐modified expanded graphite‐epoxy composite (CuZEGE) electrode was evaluated for a new alternative of quantitative determination of sodium diclofenac in aqueous solutions. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the electrochemical behaviour of the electrode in the presence of diclofenac sodium in a 0.1 M NaOH supporting electrolyte. This modified electrode exhibited electrocatalytic effect towards sodium diclofenac oxidation, allowing its determination in aqueous solution. The linear dependence of the current versus diclofenac concentration was obtained using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, differential‐pulsed voltammetry. The limit of detection for DCF reached by direct analysis on CuZEGE is from 2×10−5 to 3×10−7 M in relation with used technique and the potential value. Substantial enhancement of the electroanalytical parameters, e.g. the limit of detection of 5×10−8 M. for the determination of DCF at CuZEGE electrode was reached by applying a chemical preconcentration step prior to voltammetric quantification.
Effects of brace stiffness on performance of structures with supplemental Maxwell model‐based brace–damper systems
Authors: Chen Yung‐Tsang , Chai Y. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractShear‐type buildings with Maxwell model‐based brace–damper systems are studied in this paper with a primary emphasis on the effects of brace stiffness. A single‐story building with a viscous damper installed on top of a Chevron‐brace is first investigated. Closed‐form solutions are derived for the simple structure, relating the brace stiffness and damper coefficient to the targeted reduction in response displacement or acceleration. For a given brace stiffness, the solution is minimized to give a set of formulae that will allow the optimal damper coefficient to be determined, assuring the desired performance. The model is subsequently extended to multistory buildings with viscous dampers installed on top of Chevron‐braces. For a targeted reduction in the mean square of the interstory drift, floor acceleration or base shear force, the minimum brace stiffness and optimal damper coefficients are obtained through an iterative procedure. The response reduction, which signifies the improved performance, is achieved by a combination of brace stiffness and viscous damper coefficients, unlike conventional approaches where damper coefficients are typically optimized independent of brace stiffnesses. Characteristics of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems are studied using a 2‐story and a 10‐story buildings where the effects of brace stiffness on the overall performance of the building can be quantified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing severity of delirium by the delirium observation screening scale
Authors: Scheffer Alice C. , van Munster Barbara C. , Schuurmans Marieke J. , de Rooij Sophia E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveDelirium is the most common acute neuropsychiatric disorder in hospitalized elderly. Assessment of the severity of delirium is important for adjusting medication. The minimal dose of medication is preferable to prevent side effects. Only few nurse based severity measures are available. The aim of this study was to validate a scale developed to assess symptoms of delirium during regular nursing care, the Delirium Observation Screening (DOS) Scale, for monitoring severity of delirium.MethodDelirious patients of 65 years and older were included. Delirium was diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria and the Confusion Assessment Method. The DOS Scale was compared to the Dutch version of the Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98 (DRS‐R‐98). Global cognitive functioning was assessed by the Informant Questionnaire Cognitive Decline in the Elderly‐Short Form (IQCODE‐SF) and the KATZ‐ADL Scale was used for functional impairment.ResultsNinety seven delirious patients were included: 41 hip fracture patients and 56 medical patients. The correlation between total DRS‐R‐98 scores and DOS Scale scores was 0.67 (p = 0.01). For the cognitive impaired group (IQCODE‐SF ≥3.9) this correlation was 0.61 (p = 0.01); for the group with no global cognitive impairment, this correlation was 0.67 (p = 0.01). Correlations between DRS‐R‐98 and DOS Scale for hypoactive, hyperactive and mixed delirium subtype were 0.40 (p = 0.32), 0.44 (p = 0.01) and 0.69 (p = 0.05), respectively.ConclusionsThe DOS Scale is able to measure severity of delirium. In routine daily clinical practice, the DOS Scale is a time‐efficient, easy to use and reliable method for measuring and monitoring severity of delirium by nurses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.