bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence of mononuclear cells in normal and affected laminae from the black walnut extract model of laminitis
Authors: FALEIROS R. R. , NUOVO G. J. , FLECHTNER A. D. , BELKNAP J. K. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:There is increasing evidence of involvement of inflammatory cells in acute laminitis.Objective:To immunolocalise monocytes/macrophages and B and T lymphocytes in the laminar tissue of normal horses and those with black walnut extract (BWE)‐induced laminitis.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used in archived laminar tissue samples from 20 horses divided equally into 4 groups: control animals (CON), and those administered BWE at 1.5 h (1.5H DTP group), at the onset of leucopenia (3H DTP group) and at the onset of lameness (LAM group). Antibodies against CD3, CD20 and CD163 were used to recognise lymphocytes (T and B) and monocytes/macrophages, respectively.Results:Mononuclear cells were present in laminar tissue of normal horses. The majority of CD3‐ and CD20‐positive lymphocytes were localised around the deep dermal vessels but were also evident around vessels of the primary dermal laminae. CD163‐positive macrophages were primarily perivascular in deep dermis or in dermal laminae. No changes in the number of laminar B or T lymphocytes occurred at any time point post BWE administration. However, increases (P = 0.0016) in laminar CD163‐positive cells occurred in the secondary dermal laminae (SDL) in the 1.5H DTP and 3H DTP groups, returning to basal values in LAM group.Conclusions:Lymphocyte and macrophage populations are present in the laminar tissue of clinically normal horses and BWE administration induces an increase in CD163‐positive macrophages in SDL.Potential relevance:Both the host tissue population of mononuclear cells and the influx of monocytes may play an important role in the pathophysiological changes leading to laminar injury.
Cancer incidence among women flax textile manufacturing workers in Lithuania: Table 1
Authors: Kuzmickiene Irena , Stukonis Mecys 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo determine site-specific cancer incidence among women spinning-weaving and dyeing-finishing workers in the largest flax textile factory in Lithuania.MethodThe cancer incidence of a cohort of 3447 women workers from a flax textile factory was investigated for the period 1978–2002. All subjects were employed at the plant in the period 1957–2000 for a minimum of 12 months. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated by use of the corresponding national rates. SIRs were calculated for the spinning-weaving and dyeing-finishing work categories, and for two durations of employment categories (<10 years, ≥10 years).ResultsThe cancer SIRs among spinning-weaving and dyeing-finishing workers were 0.84 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.00) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.52 to 1.44). An incidence deficit for non-melanoma skin cancer was found for the spinning-weaving unit (SIR 0.45, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.92). The risk of oral cavity and pharynx cancer was significantly increased in spinning-weaving unit workers with <10 years of employment (SIR 5.71, 95% CI 1.56 to 14.60). A significant excess of thyroid cancer and nervous system cancer was found among dyeing-finishing workers.ConclusionsThe overall cancer and non-melanoma skin cancer incidence rate among flax spinning-weaving workers was lower compared with the Lithuanian population. The present findings lend some support to an excess of thyroid and nervous system cancers among dyeing-finishing workers and of oral cavity and pharynx cancer in spinning-weaving workers.
The Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES): psychometric properties of a new tool for epidemiological studies among waged and salaried workers
Authors: Vives Alejandra , Amable Marcelo , Ferrer Montserrat , Moncada Salvador , Llorens Clara , Muntaner Carles , Benavides Fernando G , Benach Joan 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundDespite the fact that labour market flexibility has resulted in an expansion of precarious employment in industrialised countries, to date there is limited empirical evidence concerning its health consequences. The Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) is a newly developed, theory-based, multidimensional questionnaire specifically devised for epidemiological studies among waged and salaried workers.ObjectiveTo assess the acceptability, reliability and construct validity of EPRES in a sample of waged and salaried workers in Spain.MethodsA sample of 6968 temporary and permanent workers from a population-based survey carried out in 2004–2005 was analysed. The survey questionnaire was interviewer administered and included the six EPRES subscales, and measures of the psychosocial work environment (COPSOQ ISTAS21) and perceived general and mental health (SF-36).ResultsA high response rate to all EPRES items indicated good acceptability; Cronbach's α coefficients, over 0.70 for all subscales and the global score, demonstrated good internal consistency reliability; exploratory factor analysis using principal axis analysis and varimax rotation confirmed the six-subscale structure and the theoretical allocation of all items. Patterns across known groups and correlation coefficients with psychosocial work environment measures and perceived health demonstrated the expected relations, providing evidence of construct validity.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence in support of the psychometric properties of EPRES, which appears to be a promising tool for the measurement of employment precariousness in public health research.
Application service providers
Authors: Yao Yurong , Watson Edward , Kahn Beverly K. 
Published: June 2010

Introduction

IT outsourcing has been a viable business strategy since the late 1950s when companies began to invest significant resources in outside computing services. As IT managers increasingly used time sharing, contract programming, and facilities management, the next few decades saw accompanying increases in efficiency in software applications and services, not to mention decreased operations costs. In 1989, when Kodak outsourced its entire IT department to IBM and EDS, the business world had to scramble to get over its initial shock. Seemingly overnight, "software" and "service" had become strange bedfellows. The rules of the game had radically changed.
Since the mid-1990s, the explosion in Internet connectivity, increased bandwidth, and the ubiquitous nature of computing have made the delivery of software applications from remote data centers both technologically feasible and economically attractive. A relatively new form of IS outsourcing, Application Services Provision (ASP), provides applications to multiple entities from its data center across a wide area network. Similar to the telephone services model, clients pay a monthly fee to access online applications from an ASP. Advances in encryption and firewall technology remove a client's security concerns for using remotely hosted services. Active research on ASP outsourcing (also called NetSourcing) has attracted academic scholars and business practitioners alike, but few have investigated the specifics of the market and the decision process to adopt the ASP model.
ASPs today are quite different from what they were five years ago, in large part because this dynamic industry has experienced significant merger and acquisition activity. Forty percent of ASPs active in 2001 were no longer in business in 2004. Traditional software companies also have jumped on the ASP bandwagon, developing new technologies to deliver on-demand services. The scope of hosted applications for ASPs has also shifted significantly as certain applications were scrapped for lack of profitability, for example, overall enterprise system hosting with no specific industrial solutions. However, a Forrester report predicted that as eCommerce continued to grow 30% - 40% in 2005, the demand for licensed software products would decrease while demand for hosted services increases. This prediction seems to be reality, as ASP hosting solutions are increasingly viable and attractive business models.
Thus, to update our knowledge of the rapidly changing ASP market and to help practitioners make better-informed ASP adoption decisions, this article addresses two central questions: What is the structure of the current market? And what factors should clients consider in their ASP adoption decisions?
Why do people tag?
Authors: Nov Oded , Ye Chen 
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Tagging, or using keywords to add metadata to shared content, is gaining much popularity in recent years. Tags are used to annotate various types of content, including images, videos, bookmarks, and blogs, through web-based systems such as Flickr, YouTube, del.icio.us, and Technorati, respectively. The popularity of tagging is attributed, at least in part, to the benefits users gain from effective sharing and from organization of very large amounts of information.
As tagging receives increasing attention in both research and business communities, studies have found that users vary substantially in their tag usage, and suggested several factors that motivate user tagging. However, to date no quantitative study has assessed the strength of the effects of each motivation on levels of tag usage. This is surprising, since user participation is critical to the sustainability of content sharing communities, and a collaborative tagging system cannot succeed without higher level of user contribution. In what follows, we address this gap, by studying the strength of relationships between several motivations and users' tagging levels on Flickr, a prominent Web 2.0 photo sharing community.
Currently, there are more than 35 million Flickr users, who have so far uploaded more 3 billion photos. Each Flickr user can upload images and make them viewable by self, by designated friends and family, or by all Flickr users. Flickr users can annotate images with tags - unstructured textual labels; and usually images are tagged only by the user who uploaded them.8 These tags make the images searchable by the uploading user, as well as by others. In addition, each user can designate other users as "contacts," people whose photos the user follows (contacts are often reciprocal).
To understand what underlies tagging, we need to find out what motivates sharing in online environments, and in particular, what motivates tagging. Furthermore, we need to measure the degree to which different motivations affect tagging activity. While some studies has identified individual-level motivations for tagging, other studies have looked solely at the social level, focusing on the social presence as a driver of tagging.
BCIRG 001 Molecular Analysis: Prognostic Factors in Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Dumontet Charles , Krajewska Maryla , Treilleux Isabelle , Mackey John R. , Martin Miguel , Rupin Mathieu , Lafanechère Laurence , Reed John C. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Purpose: There are currently no validated factors predictive of response to taxanes in patients with breast cancer. We analyzed specimens from patients included in the Breast Cancer International Research Group (BCIRG) 001 trial, a randomized study which showed the superiority of docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide over fluorouracil/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide as adjuvant therapy for node-positive operable breast cancer in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).
Experimental Design: Immunohistochemical assessment of biological markers included histologic grade, tumor size, estrogen and progesterone receptors, lymph node status, HER2, MUC1, Ki-67/MIB-1, p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-XL, BAG-1, β-tubulin isotypes II, III and IV, τ protein, and detyrosinated α tubulin. Associations between selected parameters and survival were tested through univariate analyses, then completed with multivariate analyses and a bootstrap resampling technique.
Results: In univariate analysis histologic grade, tumor size, number of involved nodes, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, p53, Ki-67, tubulin III, and τ protein were associated both with DFS and with OS. In multivariate analysis estrogen and progesterone receptors, tumor size, number of involved nodes, and Ki-67 protein were associated both with DFS and with OS, whereas τ protein levels were correlated with DFS and tubulin III and P53 were correlated with OS. No interaction was observed between Ki-67 and treatment allocation.
Conclusions: We conclude that the expression in primary tumors of Ki-67 and p53 protein, as well as of the microtubule-related parameters τ protein and tubulin III, are independent prognostic factors in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer but are not predictive of benefit from docetaxel-containing adjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 16(15); 3988–97. ©2010 AACR.
Influence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Geometry on Diagnostic Accuracy of Wall Motion and Perfusion Magnetic Resonance During Dobutamine Stress
Authors: Gebker Rolf , Mirelis Jesus G. , Jahnke Cosima , Hucko Thomas , Manka Robert , Hamdan Ashraf , Schnackenburg Bernhard , Fleck Eckart , Paetsch Ingo 
Published: June 2010

Background—
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and geometry on the diagnostic accuracy of wall motion and additional perfusion imaging during high-dose dobutamine/atropine stress magnetic resonance for the detection of coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results—

Combined dobutamine stress magnetic resonance (DSMR)-wall motion and DSMR-perfusion imaging was performed in a single session in 187 patients scheduled for invasive coronary angiography. Patients were classified into 4 categories on the basis of LV mass (normal, ≤81 g/m
2
in men and ≤62 g/m
2
in women) and relative wall thickness (RWT) (normal, <0.45) as follows: normal geometry (normal mass, normal RWT), concentric remodeling (normal mass, increased RWT), concentric hypertrophy (increased mass, increased RWT), and eccentric hypertrophy (increased mass, normal RWT). Wall motion and perfusion images were interpreted sequentially, with observers blinded to other data. Significant coronary artery disease was defined as ≥70% stenosis. In patients with increased LV concentricity (defined by an RWT ≥0.45), sensitivity and accuracy of DSMR-wall motion were significantly reduced (63% and 73%, respectively;
P
<0.05) compared with patients without increased LV concentricity (90% and 88%, respectively;
P
<0.05). Although accuracy of DSMR-perfusion was higher than that of DSMR-wall motion in patients with concentric hypertrophy (82% versus 71%;
P
<0.05), accuracy of DSMR-wall motion was superior to DSMR-perfusion (90% versus 85%;
P
<0.05) in patients with eccentric hypertrophy.

Conclusions—
The accuracy of DSMR-wall motion is influenced by LV geometry. In patients with concentric remodeling and concentric hypertrophy, additional first-pass perfusion imaging during high-dose dobutamine stress improves the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of coronary artery disease.
The impact of fatigue on cognitive functioning in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bol Yvonne , Duits Annelien A , Hupperts Raymond MM , Verlinden Inge , Verhey Frans RJ 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To study the impact of physical and mental fatigue on cognitive complaints and cognitive performance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: An outpatient neurology clinic. Subjects: Eighty patients diagnosed with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Measures: The subscales physical and mental fatigue of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire. Cognitive performance was assessed by an extensive neuropsychological test battery, including several tasks requiring effortful information processing. Results: Both anxiety and depression and mental fatigue significantly contributed to cognitive complaints, explaining respectively about 9% and 39% of the total variance. The contribution of physical fatigue to cognitive complaints was not significant. Both physical and mental fatigue did not significantly contribute to cognitive performance in terms of mental speed, attention, memory and executive functioning. Conclusions: To refine interventions for those patients with cognitive complaints, we advise adding measurements of anxiety, depression and fatigue to their neuropsychological assessment. Fatigue permits extensive neuropsychological assessment, which is needed to detect cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.
Effect of creatine supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy to exercise training in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cornelissen VA , Defoor JGM , Stevens A. , Schepers D. , Hespel P. , Decramer M. , Mortelmans L. , Dobbels F. , Vanhaecke J. , Fagard RH , Vanhees L. 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To investigate the effect of oral creatine supplementation in conjunction with an exercise programme on physical fitness in patients with coronary artery disease or chronic heart failure. Design: Single centre double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial. Setting: Cardiac rehabilitation centre. Subjects and intervention: 70 (4 women) cardiac patients (age 57.5 (8.4) years) were randomized to a placebo (n = 37) or creatine (n = 33) treatment for three months. Combined aerobic endurance and resistance training (three sessions/ week) was performed during supplementation. Main Measures: Aerobic power was determined during graded bicycle testing, knee extensor peak isometric and isokinetic strength, endurance and recovery were assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer, and health related quality of life was evaluated with the SF-36 and MacNew Heart Disease questionnaires. In addition, blood samples were taken after an overnight fast and 24 hour urinary collection was performed. Results: At baseline there were no significant differences between both groups. We observed main time effects for aerobic power, muscle performance, health related quality of life, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (pre vs post; P<0.05 for all). However, changes after training were similar between placebo group and creatine group (P>0.05). Further, no detrimental effect on renal or liver function was observed nor were there any reports of side effects. Conclusion: Oral creatine supplementation in combination with exercise training does not exert any additional effect on the improvement in physical performance, health related quality of life, lipid profile in patients with coronary artery disease or chronic heart failure than exercise training alone.
Effectiveness of motor learning coaching in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bar-Haim Simona , Harries Netta , Nammourah Ibtisam , Oraibi Saleh , Malhees Waddah , Loeppky Jack , Perkins Neil J , Belokopytov Mark , Kaplanski Jacob , Lahat Eli 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To evaluate effectiveness of motor learning coaching on retention and transfer of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Design: Block randomized trial, matched for age and gross motor function. Setting: Coordinated, multinational study (Israel, Jordan and Palestinian Authority) in schools and rehabilitation centers. Subjects: 78 children with spastic cerebral palsy, gross motor functional levels II and III, aged 66 to 146 months. Interventions: 1 hr/day, 3 days/week for 3 months treatment with motor learning coaching or neurodevelopmental treatment: two groups. Main measures: Gross motor function Measure (GMFM-66), stair-climbing mechanical efficiency (ME) and parent questionnaire rating their child’s mobility. Immediate treatment effects were assessed after 3 months and retention determined from follow-up measurements 6 months after treatment. Results: GMFM-66, ME and parent questionnaires were obtained from 65, 31 and 64 subjects, respectively. Although both groups increased GMFM-66 score over 3 months, measurements 6 months later indicated retention was significantly superior by 2.7 in the motor learning coaching children of level-II. Similar retention trend was evident for ME, increasing 6 months after motor learning coaching by 1.1% and declining 0.3% after neurodevelopmental treatment. Mobility performance in the outdoors and community environment increased 13% from 3 to 9 months after motor learning coaching and decreased 12% after neurodevelopmental treatment. Minor group differences occurred in children of level-III. Conclusions: In higher functioning children with cerebral palsy, the motor learning coaching treatment resulted in significantly greater retention of gross motor function and transfer of mobility performance to unstructured environments than neurodevelopmental treatment.
Common variants in the regulative regions of GRIA1 and GRIA3 receptor genes are associated with migraine susceptibility
Authors: Formicola Daniela , Aloia Andrea , Sampaolo Simone , Farina Olimpia , Diodato Daria , Griffiths Lyn R , Gianfrancesco Fernando , Di Iorio Giuseppe , Esposito Teresa 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system which acts by the activation of either ionotropic (AMPA, NMDA and kainate receptors) or G-protein coupled metabotropic receptors. Glutamate is widely accepted to play a major role in the path physiology of migraine as implicated by data from animal and human studies. Genes involved in synthesis, metabolism and regulation of both glutamate and its receptors could be, therefore, considered as potential candidates for causing/predisposing to migraine when mutated.

Methods
The association of polymorphic variants of GRIA1-GRIA4 genes which encode for the four subunits (GluR1-GluR4) of the alpha-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor for glutamate was tested in migraineurs with and without aura (MA and MO) and healthy controls.

Results
Two variants in the regulative regions of GRIA1 (rs2195450) and GRIA3 (rs3761555) genes resulted strongly associated with MA (P = 0.00002 and P = 0.0001, respectively), but not associated with MO, suggesting their role in cortical spreading depression. Whereas the rs548294 variant in GRIA1 gene showed association primarily with MO phenotype, supporting the hypothesis that MA and MO phenotypes could be genetically related. These variants modify binding sites for transcription factors altering the expression of GRIA1 and GRIA3 genes in different conditions.

Conclusions
This study represents the first genetic evidence of a link between glutamate receptors and migraine.