bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the optimization of offshore floating PV power systems and its application
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhang Yi , Wang Rui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the application of solar photovoltaic (PV) has been developing rapidly with a large amount of PV power stations built and operating. However, the land resources for PV power plants are relatively limited. Offshore PV power plants are expected to become an alternative means to solve such problems. In this paper, the PVsyst and AQWA are used to comprehensively simulate the power generation performance of floating PV power stations and thin-film PV power stations under offshore conditions, and the factors affecting the performance of floating PV systems are studied. By establishing the nonlinear regression numerical models, the relationship between the factors is compared by path analysis. The results show that the swing angle has the greatest influence on the system performance. The above work provides certain guidelines for the development and construction of offshore PV systems.
Comparison of two state evaluation methods for wind power generation equipment
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wu Zhiqiang , Li Qiang , Wen Aijun , Bao Beifang , Liu Zesan , Yan Yurong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The existing intelligent warning system achieved intelligent warning through state prediction, state evaluation, and fault localization. This article proposed and compared two state evaluation methods based on adjustable smoothing parameters and sliding window similarity. Actual wind turbine data was used as training data for the multivariate state prediction model, and the predicted data was used as input for the two state judgment methods. It was concluded that the sliding window similarity method has advantages in early warning accuracy, timeliness, and simplicity. Finally, the influence of sliding window parameters on early warning sensitivity was analyzed and discussed.
The orbital angular momentum of radiation from relativistic electrons in the laser wave field with linear polarization
Authors: Bogdanov O.V. , Bragin S.V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The paper reports the results of calculations of the generation of twisted photons by relativistic electrons in the laser wave field with linear polarization. It is shown that in this case the probability of radiation of twisted photons obeys the selection rule that n + m is an even number. The radiation of the probability of detecting a twisted photon is numerically investigated depending on various parameters: photon energy, helicity and the cone opening of the twisted photon. In general, the radiation of twisted photons by electrons in the laser wave field with linear polarization is a mixture of twisted photons at the total angular momentum of the photons; however, we have found conditions when generation of twisted photons will be an almost pure source of twisted photons.
Performance assessment of a newly developed non-invasive 2D beam profile monitor for high-intensity accelerators
Authors: Rosily Sherry , M Hari Prasad , Dikshit Biswaranjan , Krishnagopal Srinivas , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In high-intensity accelerators, minimizing beam loss is
paramount to avoid damages and activation of accelerator
components. To achieve this, a reliable beam profile monitor is
essential for assessing the beam center and spread. Additionally,
the beam profile can be used to steer the beam during regular
operation, thus reducing beam loss. In cases of irregular events,
the monitor can initiate beam profile recording to identify and
address any issues promptly. In this manuscript, we present a
detailed description of a non-invasive 2D beam profile monitor,
focusing on its components, operation, and most importantly, its
reliability and failure modes. From operation experience, failure
modes of the system and its effects were identified. Fault tree
analysis was carried out. Failure rate of sheet generator was
estimated using response surface method. Failure rates of components
were used to estimate the failure rate of the system. From the
target reliability, the required maximum repair time of the system
was calculated.
Performance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron internal dump: numerical simulation studies and comparison with beam measurements
Authors: Niang S. , Pugnat T. , Domange D. , Esposito L.S. , Giovannozzi M. , Gnacadja E. , Hernalsteens C. , Huschauer A. , Tesse R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade project, a new
internal dump for the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) ring has been
designed, installed, and successfully commissioned. This device is
designed to move rapidly into the beam and stop charged particles
over several thousand turns to provide protection to PS hardware
against beam-induced damage. Due to its design, the internal dump
absorbs only a fraction of the secondary particles shower produced
by the beam particles that impinge on it. The performance of the
dump should ensure efficient use throughout the PS energy range,
i.e. from injection at 2 GeV (kinetic energy) to flat top at
26 GeV (total energy). This paper presents comprehensive numerical
simulations that combine advanced beam dynamics and beam-matter
interaction codes to analyse the behaviour of stopped or scattered
particles. Based on the impacts computed by multi-turn beam dynamics
simulations, detailed shower simulations with FLUKA were
performed to assess the impact of the radiation field on downstream
equipment, with a particular emphasis on the dose measured by Beam
Loss Monitors. The results of these numerical simulations are
compared with the data collected during the routine operation of the
PS and its internal dump.
Exhaled breath analysis for the discrimination of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Li Lan , Chen Haibin , Shi Jinying , Chai Shukun , Yan Li , Meng Deyang , Cai Zhigang , Guan Jitao , Xin Yunwei , Zhang Xu , Sun Wuzhuang , Lu Xi , He Mengqi , Li Qingyun , Yan Xixin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are the most common chronic respiratory diseases. In middle-aged and elderly patients, it is difficult to distinguish between COPD and asthma based on clinical symptoms and pulmonary function examinations in clinical practice. Thus, an accurate and reliable inspection method is required. In this study, we aimed to identify breath biomarkers and evaluate the accuracy of breathomics-based methods for discriminating between COPD and asthma. In this multi-center cross-sectional study, exhaled breath samples were collected from 89 patients with COPD and 73 with asthma and detected on a high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-TOFMS) platform from 20 October 2022, to 20 May 2023, in four hospitals. Data analysis was performed from 15 June 2023 to 16 August 2023. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated to assess the overall performance of the volatile organic component (VOC)-based COPD and asthma discrimination models. Potential VOC markers related to COPD and asthma were also analyzed. The age of all participants ranged from to 18–86 years, and 54 (33.3%) were men. The age [median (minimum, maximum)] of COPD and asthma participants were 66.0 (46.0, 86.0), and 44.0 (17.0, 80.0). The male and female ratio of COPD and asthma participants were 14/75 and 40/33, respectively. Based on breathomics feature selection, ten VOCs were identified as COPD and asthma discrimination biomarkers via breath testing. The joint panel of these ten VOCs achieved an area under the curve of 0.843, sensitivity of 75.9%, specificity of 87.5%, and accuracy of 80.0% in COPD and asthma discrimination. Furthermore, the VOCs detected in the breath samples were closely related to the clinical characteristics of COPD and asthma. The VOC-based COPD and asthma discrimination model showed good accuracy, providing a new strategy for clinical diagnosis. Breathomics-based methods may play an important role in the diagnosis of COPD and asthma.
Inverse designed WS2 planar chiral metasurface with geometric phase
Authors: Jo Jaegang , Lee Sangbin , Bae Munseong , Nelson Damian , Crozier Kenneth B , Yu Nanfang , Chung Haejun , Kim Sejeong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Increasing attention is being paid to chiral metasurfaces due to their ability to selectively manipulate right-hand circularly polarized light or left-hand circularly polarized light. The thin nature of metasurfaces, however, poses a challenge in creating a device with effective phase modulation. Plasmonic chiral metasurfaces have attempted to address this issue by increasing light–matter interaction, but they suffer from metallic loss. Dielectric metasurfaces made from high-index materials enable phase modulation while being thin. Very few materials, however, have high refractive index and low loss at visible wavelengths. Recently, some 2D materials have been shown to exhibit high refractive index and low loss in the visible wavelengths, positioning them as promising platforms for meta-optics. This study introduces and details a planar chiral metasurface with a geometric phase composed of WS2 meta-units. By employing adjoint optimization techniques, we achieved broadband circular dichroism (

>

0.5 in the wavelength range of 653–796 nm) and a high extinction ratio (19.6 dB at λ = 675 nm).
Phylogeny and evolution of streptophyte algae
Authors: Bierenbroodspot Maaike J , Pröschold Thomas , Fürst-Jansen Janine M R , de Vries Sophie , Irisarri Iker , Darienko Tatyana , de Vries Jan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Streptophyta emerged about a billion years ago. Nowadays, this branch of the green lineage is most famous for one of its clades, the land plants (Embryophyta). Although Embryophyta make up the major share of species numbers in Streptophyta, there is a diversity of probably &gt;5000 species of streptophyte algae that form a paraphyletic grade next to land plants. Here, we focus on the deep divergences that gave rise to the diversity of streptophytes, hence particularly on the streptophyte algae. Phylogenomic efforts have not only clarified the position of streptophyte algae relative to land plants, but recent efforts have also begun to unravel the relationships and major radiations within streptophyte algal diversity. We illustrate how new phylogenomic perspectives have changed our view on the evolutionary emergence of key traits, such as intricate signalling networks that are intertwined with multicellular growth and the chemodiverse hotbed from which they emerged. These traits are key for the biology of land plants but were bequeathed from their algal progenitors.
Care Partners’ Engagement in Preventing Falls for Community-Dwelling Older People With Dementia
Authors: Zhou Yuanjin , Berridge Clara , Hooyman Nancy , Mroz Tracy M , Sadak Tatiana , Choi Seung W , Phelan Elizabeth A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Little is known about how to prevent falls in community-dwelling older people with dementia. Although their care partners adopt various behaviors to prevent their falls, it is unclear if these behaviors reduce falls for those with different levels of fall risk.

Research Design and Methods
Linking the 2015 and 2016 National Health and Aging Trends Study and the 2015 National Study of Caregiving (NSOC), we identified 390 community-dwelling older people with dementia with 607 care partners. We selected 26 NSOC items representing fall risk management (FRM) behaviors. We examined the prevalence and dimensionality of these behaviors and investigated associations between care partners’ behaviors in 2015 (T1) and older people’s falls in 2016 (T2) stratified by their fall incidence at T1, adjusting for covariates.

Results
Five domains of FRM were identified: mobility and safety assistance, medical service coordination, health management, social service coordination, and accommodation. For those who did not fall at T1, mobility and safety assistance and social service coordination were each associated with an increased risk of falling at T2 (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.83, p = .019, aIRR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01–1.55, p = .043). For those who had fallen at T1, social service coordination was associated with a decreased risk of falling at T2 (aIRR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73–0.94, p = .004).

Discussion and Implications
The different impacts of dementia care partners’ FRM behaviors emphasize the need to address specific behaviors when involving care partners in preventing falls for older people with dementia at varying levels of fall risk.
Post-Treatment Displacement of Facial Soft Tissue Fillers—A Retrospective Ultrasound-based Investigation of 382 Zygomatic Regions
Authors: Schelke Leonie , Lowrey Nicola , Mojallal Ali , Rowland-Warmann MJ , Wortsman Ximena , Sigrist Rosa M. , Velthuis Peter J. , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUNDClinical and ultrasound experience has revealed that after soft tissue injections of the lateral cheek, the filler may displace from the zygoma to the caudal temporal area.OBJECTIVETo obtain more data to provide insight into product distribution when soft tissue fillers are injected in the zygomatic region.METHODSTwo hundred patients were examined with facial ultrasound imaging of the zygomatic and temporal region. Inclusion criteria were simply a positive response on the screening questionnaire as to whether or not they had filler injections placed in their lateral cheek. Control injections were also performed to the zygomatic regions of a body donor and in 10 patients ultrasound-guided.RESULTSA correlation was found between the layers in which filler was detected on the zygoma and where it was ultimately found in the temples. Four different redistribution patterns were observed: (1) migration of filler within the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) on the zygoma into the superficial temporal fascia. Migration of filler from the lateral suborbicularis oculi fat to (2) the deep interfacial plane of the temple or (3) to the superficial temporal fat pad; (4) migration from the supraperiosteal layer of the zygoma to the superficial temporal fat pad. Body donor and patients: filler deposits injected on the zygoma were witnessed to shift during injection into the caudal part of the temple.CONCLUSIONSoft tissue filler aliquots may be redistributed into the temples after injections of the lateral side of the zygomatic arch. The displacement follows a distinct pattern depending on the initial layer of injection.
Three-point Method Nerve Block for Relieving Pain of Microbotox Injection in Middle and Upper Face
Authors: Liu Bing , Su Xueshang , Chai Hongli , Chen Qi , Hu Jintian , Wang Yongqian 
Published: June 2024

Background:
With the popularity of microbotox, pain caused by multiple microdroplets and subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin is increasing. This study presents a new, refined, three-point nerve block technique that provides effective pain relief during minimally invasive injection therapy targeting the middle and upper face.

Methods:
Fifty volunteers underwent facial ultrasonography to measure the locations of the supraorbital and infraorbital foramen. Following microdrop Botox injection of the middle and upper face, 100 patients underwent a self-controlled study to analyze whether a three-point nerve block surpasses topical anesthesia for reducing injection pain. The visual analog scale pain score, the time of the three-point method and botulinum toxin injection, and side effects were recorded.

Results:
Among the volunteers, the location of the supraorbital and infraorbital foramen showed no statistical difference between the left and right sides. For the 100 patients (13 men, 87 women) who underwent the three-point nerve block, the visual analog scale pain scores on the experimental side were significantly lower than those on the control side, except in the frontotemporal region (2.46 ± 0.50, 2.42 ± 0.47, P > 0.05). The duration of the unilateral three-point nerve block was 74.8 ± 5.64 seconds. The total injection time was 189.86 ± 26.79 seconds (range 148–286 s).

Conclusions:
The three-point method exerted prominent analgesic effects during middle and upper facial treatments, with benefits including a precise block region, high satisfaction, and simple operation technique. Therefore, clinicians can easily master and apply this method.
Reconstruction of Long Tibial Defect Using Free Osteocutaneos Fibular Flap in a Sub-Saharan Africa Setting
Authors: Gebremariyam Zenebe Teklu , Lorenzo Andres Rodriguez , Dibisa Firisa Tolosa , Gonfa Metekiya Ararso 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Tibial defects present a formidable reconstructive challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Sub-Saharan Africa. The application of free osteocutaneous fibular flaps has emerged as a versatile and reliable technique for addressing these complex cases. However, the specific considerations and outcomes associated with this approach in Sub-Saharan Africa remain underexplored. This case report presents a detailed account of a patient with a long tibial defect managed using a free osteocutaneous fibular flap in Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia. The surgical intervention resulted in successful reconstruction of the tibial defect, with satisfactory functional outcomes observed during the follow-up period. The use of a free fibular flap for addressing bone defects is proposed as an economically viable single-stage procedure, requiring less patient compliance. Studies on this technique in Sub-Saharan Africa are limited, but outcomes have shown comparability to those in more developed countries.
Use of Dermal Substitute Matrices for Coverage of Exposed Limb Vascular Repairs: A Literature Review
Authors: Makkawi Kareem W. , Beaineh Paul T. , Habr Natasha T. , Ibrahim Amir E. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Prompt coverage of vascular repairs in the extremities is needed to protect from desiccation and trauma. In the absence of local soft tissues to provide early coverage pending demarcation of the tissues and the zone of injury, there is no clear data in the literature on the ideal coverage method. This article is the first to review the use of dermal substitutes for temporary coverage of extremity vascular repairs pending definitive coverage.

Methods:
We conducted a review of the literature to identify previous articles indexed in PubMed and Ovid using these search terms: [(skin) OR (artificial skin) OR (Integra) OR (dermal substitute) OR (dermal substitute matrix) OR (dermal regeneration) OR (dermal regeneration matrix) OR (dermal regeneration template)] AND [(bypass) OR (graft) OR (vascular surgery) OR (revascularization) OR (salvage) OR (limb salvage) OR (vascular repair) OR (artery repair) OR (arterial repair)] AND [(limb) OR (extremity) OR (leg) OR (arm) OR (vascular injury) OR (amputation)].

Results:
Of the 32 articles retrieved for initial review, five case reports with six patients of dermal substitute use for direct coverage of extremity repairs were identified. In all cases, the dermal substitute was able to provide stable coverage pending definitive coverage or was allowed to heal secondarily.

Conclusions:
Dermal substitute matrices are a potential means of temporary coverage of exposed extremity vascular repairs when there is a paucity of local soft tissues pending more definitive coverage.
Strategies to Improve Resident Wellness in Plastic Surgery Training
Authors: Koljonen Jessie L. , Ruffolo Alexis M. , Neumeister Michael W. , Sommer Nicole Z. 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Residency is known to be a challenging time in a surgeon’s career. Surgical residents must learn the breadth of their field and develop technical skills while maintaining relationships and well-being outside their training. High burnout rates are well documented among all medical specialties, particularly during residency. Proven strategies in medical education that help decrease burnout and improve resident well-being, while maintaining quality patient care, have been reported in the medical education literature. However, little has been published specific to plastic surgery training programs. We discuss strategies that can be implemented into the curricula and workflow at plastic surgery residency programs to maximize resident well-being. We advocate for a multifaceted approach that includes a night float system, day call, integrating advanced practice providers to offload noneducational resident tasks, and establishing a wellness program. It is our hope that these strategies may serve as a guide for plastic surgery residency programs to promote general wellness and prevent burnout among trainees.
Donor Limb Functional Restoration via a Novel Clinical Care Pathway following Fibula Free Flap Harvest for Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Halfpap Joshua P. , Hammer Daniel A. , Kingsbury Trevor D. , Ortiz-Pomales Yan T. , O’Reilly Eamon B. , Pontillo Marisa 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Patients undergoing head and neck skeletal reconstruction (HNR) often require free tissue transfer from the extremities to ensure proper restoration of form and function. This requires a team-based, highly reliable medical system centered around the patient needs. Surgical intervention across multiple sites and harvesting of donor tissue results in short- and long-term physical impairments. There is a paucity of research objectively measuring impairments resulting from the graft donor site. There is a lack of research that objectively measures impairments and protocols for the management of these patients postoperatively. Patients undergo little, if any, formal approach to dealing with the vast impairments, which are sequelae to this surgery. This leads to large discrepancies in proposed functional progressions, return to duty timelines, and utilization of rehabilitative resources. At a major military medical center, an innovative clinical care pathway for patients undergoing HNR using free tissue transfer was implemented using a multidisciplinary model that focuses on early engagement with rehabilitation. This model, paired with a single surgery, will attempt to return service members to duty months earlier than the traditional approach. This report describes the conceptual framework and implementation of a new criteria-based, multidisciplinary clinical care pathway for HNR patients. The collaboration amongst the multidisciplinary care team has optimized the holistic health of the patient and communication with their support network, yielding faster return to normalization of daily life activities. The long-term goal is to further develop and formalize this pathway to best serve this patient population.