bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies between isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy and isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the stable isotope analysis of plant and soil waters
Authors: West Adam G. , Goldsmith Gregory R. , Brooks Paul D. , Dawson Todd E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe use of isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS) for the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis of water is increasing. While IRIS has many advantages over traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), it may also be prone to errors that do not impact upon IRMS analyses. Of particular concern is the potential for contaminants in the water sample to interfere with the spectroscopy, thus leading to erroneous stable isotope data. Water extracted from plant and soil samples may often contain organic contaminants. The extent to which contaminants may interfere with IRIS and thus impact upon data quality is presently unknown. We tested the performance of IRIS relative to IRMS for water extracted from 11 plant species and one organic soil horizon. IRIS deviated considerably from IRMS for over half of the samples tested, with deviations as large as 46‰ (δ2H) and 15.4‰ (δ18O) being measured. This effect was reduced somewhat by using activated charcoal to remove organics from the water; however, deviations as large as 35‰ (δ2H) and 11.8‰ (δ18O) were still measured for these cleaned samples. Interestingly, the use of activated charcoal to clean water samples had less effect than previously thought for IRMS analyses. Our data show that extreme caution is required when using IRIS to analyse water samples that may contain organic contaminants. We suggest that the development of new cleaning techniques for removing organic contaminants together with instrument‐based software to flag potentially problematic samples are necessary to ensure accurate plant and soil water analyses using IRIS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric study of binary As‐Se glasses
Authors: Pangavhane Sachinkumar Dagurao , Němec Petr , Wagner Tomáš , Janča Jan , Havel Josef 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBinary chalcogenide As‐Se glasses and their thin films are important for optics, computers, materials science and technological applications. To increase understanding of the properties of thin films fabricated by plasma deposition techniques, more information concerning the physics of plasma plume is needed. In this study the formation of clusters in plasma plume from different As‐Se glasses by laser desorption ionization (LDI) or laser ablation (LA) was studied by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) in positive and negative ion modes. Formation of a number of AspSeq singly charged clusters As3Se (q = 1–5), AsSe (q = 1–3), As2Se (q = 2–4), and As3Se (q = 2–5) was found from As‐Se glasses with the molar ratio As:Se in the range from 1:2 to 7:3. The stoichiometry of the AspSeq clusters was determined via isotopic envelope analysis and computer modeling. The structure of the clusters is proposed and the relationship to the structure of the parent glasses, as also suggested by Raman scattering spectra, is discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategy for the elucidation of elemental compositions of trace analytes based on a mass resolution of 100 000 full width at half maximum
Authors: Kaufmann Anton 
Published: June 2010

AbstractElemental compositions (ECs) can be elucidated by evaluating the high‐resolution mass spectra of unknown or suspected unfragmented analyte ions. Classical approaches utilize the exact mass of the monoisotopic peak (M + 0) and the relative abundance of isotope peaks (M + 1 and M + 2). The availability of high‐resolution instruments like the Orbitrap currently permits mass resolutions up to 100 000 full width at half maximum. This not only allows the determination of relative isotopic abundances (RIAs), but also the extraction of other diagnostic information from the spectra, such as fully resolved signals originating from 34S isotopes and fully or partially resolved signals related to 15N isotopes (isotopic fine structure). Fully and partially resolved peaks can be evaluated by visual inspection of the measured peak profiles. This approach is shown to be capable of correctly discarding many of the EC candidates which were proposed by commercial EC calculating algorithms. Using this intuitive strategy significantly extends the upper mass range for the successful elucidation of ECs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry probing of formation and recognition of the G‐quadruplex in the proximal promoter of the human vascular endothelial growth factor gene
Authors: Li Huihui , Yuan Gu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe formation of the G‐quadruplex of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene was probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). It found that cations (K+ and NH), CH3OH and pH influence significantly the formation of the G‐quadruplex structure. Additionally, a perylene derivative (P3) and polydatin (P4) have shown to be potential G‐quadruplex binding agents with structurally specific recognition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of growth hormone secretagogue pralmorelin (GHRP‐2) and its metabolite in human urine by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Okano Masato , Sato Mitsuhiko , Ikekita Ayako , Kageyama Shinji 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGHRP‐2 (pralmorelin, D‐Ala‐D‐(β‐naphthyl)‐Ala‐Ala‐Trp‐D‐Phe‐Lys‐NH2), which belongs to a class of growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), is intravenously used to diagnose growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Because it may be misused in expectation of a growth‐promoting effect by athletes, the illicit use of GHS by athletes has been prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). Therefore, the mass spectrometric identification of urinary GHRP‐2 and its metabolite D‐Ala‐D‐(β‐naphthyl)‐Ala‐Ala‐OH (AA‐3) was studied using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for doping control purposes. The method consists of solid‐phase extraction using stable‐isotope‐labeled GHRP‐2 as an internal standard and subsequent ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and the two target peptides were determined at urinary concentrations of 0.5–10 ng/mL. The recoveries ranged from 84 to 101%, and the assay precisions were calculated as 1.6–3.8% (intra‐day) and 1.9–4.3% (inter‐day). Intravenous administration of GHRP‐2 in ten male volunteers was studied to demonstrate the applicability of the method. In all ten cases, unchanged GHRP‐2 and its specific metabolite AA‐3 were detected in urine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromium(VI) oxide oxidation of non‐ethoxylated and ethoxylated alcohols for determination by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Beneito‐Cambra Miriam , Bernabé‐Zafón Virginia , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. , Ramis‐Ramos Guillermo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new derivatization procedure to increase the sensitivity of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) to non‐ethoxylated and ethoxylated alcohols was investigated. The analytes were oxidized with chromium(VI) oxide and the resulting carboxylic and ethoxy‐carboxylic acids were isolated by extraction with ethyl acetate; the extracts were alkalinized and infused into the ESI‐MS system working in the negative‐ion mode. The yields of the combined oxidation‐extraction were ca. 100% for non‐ethoxylated fatty alcohols dissolved in acetone and they decreased moderately in samples containing increasing amounts of water (e.g., a 75% yield was obtained with 50% water). Ethoxylated alcohols with more than two ethylene oxide units resulted in yields of ca. 60%. Low limits of detection (LODs) were obtained when the procedure was applied to the analysis of body‐care products and cosmetics containing fatty alcohols, e.g., in a varicose‐vein cream, the LODs were 25 µg cetyl alcohol and 7.5 µg stearyl alcohol (detected as palmitic acid and stearic acid, respectively) per gram of sample. High molecular mass alcohols were also detected in seawater after pre‐concentration by solid‐phase extraction. Thus, the proposed method is particularly valuable for use in industrial samples having complex matrices and in environmental samples and it is competitive with other methods for the analysis of trace amounts of fatty alcohols. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic tools for deep water archaeology: Surveying an ancient shipwreck with an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Bingham Brian , Foley Brendan , Singh Hanumant , Camilli Richard , Delaporta Katerina , Eustice Ryan , Mallios Angelos , Mindell David , Roman Christopher , Sakellariou Dimitris 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe goals of this article are twofold. First, we detail the operations and discuss the results of the 2005 Chios ancient shipwreck survey. This survey was conducted by an international team of engineers, archaeologists, and natural scientists off the Greek island of Chios in the northeastern Aegean Sea using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) built specifically for high‐resolution site inspection and characterization. Second, using the survey operations as context, we identify the specific challenges of adapting AUV technology for deep water archaeology and describe how our team addressed these challenges during the Chios expedition. After identifying the state of the art in robotic tools for deep water archaeology, we discuss opportunities in which new developments and research (e.g., AUV platforms, underwater imaging, remote sensing, and navigation techniques) will improve the rapid assessment of deep water archaeological sites. It is our hope that by reporting on the Chios field expedition we can both describe the opportunities that AUVs bring to fine‐resolution seafloor site surveys and elucidate future opportunities for collaborations between roboticists and ocean scientists. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An investigation of the use of active infrared thermography to detect localized surface anomalies in lumber
Authors: van Dyk Herman , Lemaster Richard L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEfforts are being pursued to improve and automate processes for grading, trimming, and cutting up softwood and hardwood lumber by automated, non‐contact, non‐labor‐intensive methods. Existing technology for detecting defects in lumber has focused heavily on the use of charged coupled device scanners or cameras, but these devices are limited by inherent color differences of the material. Thermography has been proven to detect knots in lumber, but the use of active thermography has not been investigated in terms of detecting dents, holes, and gouges. This research focused on four heating techniques, i.e. defect side heating, back side heating, forced air heating, and pulsed thermography, to detect dents, holes, gouges, and knots. All four heating methods proved successful for at least two defect types. Implementation of these techniques in an industrial setting will depend on the requirements of the manufacturer and the physical limitations of the industrial line. SCANNING 32: 219–223, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of Metallized Nanopores in Silicon Nitride Membranes for Single‐Molecule Sensing
Authors: Wei Ruoshan , Pedone Daniel , Zürner Andreas , Döblinger Markus , Rant Ulrich 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe fabrication and characterization of a metallized nanopore structure for the sensing of single molecules is described. Pores of varying diameters (>10 nm) are patterned into free‐standing silicon nitride membranes by electron‐beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Structural characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tomography reveals a conical pore shape with a 40° aperture. Metal films of Ti/Au are vapor deposited and the pore shape and shrinking are studied as a function of evaporated film thickness. TEM tomography analysis confirms metalization of the inner pore walls as well as conservation of the conical pore shape. In electrical measurements of the transpore current in aqueous electrolyte solution, the pores feature very low noise. The applicability of the metallized pores for stochastic sensing is demonstrated in real‐time translocation experiments of single λ‐DNA molecules. We observe exceptionally long‐lasting current blockades with a fine structure of distinct current levels, suggesting an attractive interaction between the DNA and the PEGylated metallic pore walls.
Maternal serum placental growth hormone, but not human placental lactogen or insulin growth factor‐1, is positively associated with fetal growth in the first half of pregnancy
Authors: Pedersen N. G. , Juul A. , Christiansen M. , Wøjdemann K. R. , Tabor A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate if maternal levels of human placental lactogen (hPL), placental growth hormone (PGH) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) are associated with growth rate of the biparietal diameter (BPD) in the first half of pregnancy.MethodsData on 8215 singleton fetuses from the Copenhagen First Trimester Study with measurements of BPD from ultrasound scans performed at weeks 11–14 and 17–21 of pregnancy were analyzed. Growth rate was defined as millimeters of growth/day of BPD between the two scans. Fetuses with growth rate below the 2.5th centile (low growth rate, n = 203) and above the 97.5th centile (high growth rate, n = 203) were identified. As a reference group 212 fetuses with growth rate around the median were identified (intermediate growth rate). Out of the 618 selected cases in the three growth rate groups a total of 463 cases had a blood sample taken at the time of first‐trimester ultrasound (5.6% of the original sample size of 8215 pregnancies). The maternal blood serum concentrations of hPL, PGH and IGF‐1 were determined in the three different growth‐rate groups. Linear regression analysis without adjustment and with adjustment for known and potential confounders was used to compare serum levels between the groups.ResultsSimple linear regression showed a difference in serum level of log10PGH between the high and intermediate growth‐rate groups (P = 0.037). When adjusted for maternal weight and crown–rump length, multiple linear regression analysis confirmed this difference, as fetuses with high growth rates had a 12% (95% confidence interval, 2–20%; P = 0.009) higher maternal serum level of PGH than those with intermediate growth rates. No differences in hPL and IGF‐1 levels between the three different growth‐rate groups were found after simple and multiple linear regression analysis.ConclusionMaternal PGH levels are higher in women carrying fetuses with high first‐trimester growth rates than in controls, both in a simple unadjusted analysis and in analyses adjusted for known and potential confounders. Thus, PGH may be involved in fetal growth regulation as early as in the first trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open Access Publishing: An Initial Discussion of Income Sources, Scholarly Journals and Publishers
Authors: Polydoratou Panayiota , Palzenberger Margit , Schimmer Ralf , Mele Salvatore 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Study for Open Access Publishing (SOAP) project is one of the initiatives undertaken to explore the risks and opportunities of the transition to open access publishing. Some of the early analyses of open access journals listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) show that more than half of the open access publishing initiatives were undertaken by smaller publishers, learned societies and few publishing houses that own a large number of journal titles. Regarding income sources as means for sustaining a journal’s functions, “article processing charges", "membership fee" and "advertisement" are the predominant options for the publishing houses; "subscription to the print version of the journal", "sponsorship" and somewhat less the "article processing charges" have the highest incidences for all other publishers.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Diffuse Cavernous Hemangioma of the Rectum: Report of 17 Cases
Authors: Wang Han Tao , Gao Xian Hua , Fu Chuan Gang , Wang Lie , Meng Rong Gui , Liu Lian Jie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum (DCHR) is a rare benign vascular disease, which is often misdiagnosed and difficult to treat.MethodsSeventeen cases of DCHR in our hospitals from 1995 to 2009 were identified. The detailed data of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were carefully studied.ResultsSeven, three, two, and one patient were mistaken as having hemorrhoids, colitis, portal hypertension, and rectal polypus, respectively. The mean delay time between initial symptoms and final diagnosis was 17.63 years (range = 0–48 years). Colonoscopy and MRI were important in the diagnosis of DCHR because of their high positive rates and specific features. All of the lesions originated from the dentate line, extending to the proximal colorectal wall. Most of the lesions were found to be restricted to the rectosigmoid wall and the rectal mesentery. Involvement of right gluteus maximus and right leg was revealed by MRI in two patients. After admission, six patients underwent coloanal sleeve anastomosis and seven patients underwent pull‐through transection and coloanal anastomosis. The latter procedure was superior to the former with respect to length of operation, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, and perioperative complications.ConclusionDCHR is often misdiagnosed. Preoperative colonoscopy and MRI are essential in making the correct diagnosis and to depict the extent of the lesion accurately. Due to its origination from the dentate line and the involvement of the whole layer of the rectal wall and the rectal mesentery, the treatment of choice for DCHR is complete resection by the pull‐through transection and coloanal anastomosis.
Variation in Fatty Acid Composition in Indian Germplasm of Sesame
Authors: Mondal Nupur , Bhat K. V. , Srivastava P. S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA germplasm collection of 33 entries comprising 22 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars, 4 landraces of S. mulayanum and 7 other accessions of 4 wild species were analyzed for the fatty acid compositions of their seed oil. The entries varied widely in their fatty acid compositions. The percentage content of oleic, linoleic, palmitic and erucic acids ranged between 36.7–52.4, 30.4–51.6, 9.1–14.8 and 0.0–8.0, respectively. Linolenic and arachidonic acids were the minor constituents but varied widely in wild species. Oleic and linoleic were the major fatty acids with mean values of 45.9 and 40.5%, respectively and the mean of their combined values was 86.4%. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) compositions ranged from 30.9 to 52.5% showing high variation in PUFA in the germplasm. Linoleic acid content was very high in one landrace (47.8) and one accession each of three wild species, S. mulayanum (49.3), S. malabaricum (48.2) and S. radiatum (51.6%). Use of fatty acid ratios to estimate the efficiency of biosynthetic pathways resulted in high oleic and low linoleic desaturation ratios and consequently high linoleic and very low linolenic acid contents in seed oil. The results of this study provided useful background information on the germplasm and also identified a few accessions having high linoleic acid which can be used for developing cultivars with desirable fatty acid compositions.
Nonlinear modelling of target leverage with latent determinant variables — new evidence on the trade‐off theory
Authors: Sabiwalsky Ralf 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper applies a nonlinear structural equation framework to analyze dynamic capital structure choice. I test the hypothesis that firms adjust leverage towards a time‐varying target, and that this target is determined by solving an optimization problem: optimal leverage is achieved when the difference between the expected net present value of the tax shield and the expected net present value of the costs of insolvency is maximized. Results indicate that firm size is an important determinant of the validity of this simple trade‐off model.
Morphological variation in the Indian gooseberries (Phyllanthus emblica and Phyllanthus indofischeri) and the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron as candidate gene for their identification
Authors: Sangeetha N. , Mercy S. , Kavitha M. , Selvaraj Divya , Sathishkumar R. , Ganesh D. 
Published: June 2010

Indian gooseberry, popularly known as amla, is harvested from two species of Phyllanthus, namely Phyllanthus emblica and Phyllanthus indofischeri. Although these two species are characterized on vegetative and reproductive features, development of reliable and authentic identification based on molecular approaches is necessary for precise identification. Most of the commercial orchards of Indian gooseberry are established with mixture of the two species. Introduction of unauthentic clones and seedlings in the establishment of orchards and differences in the growth of these two species under different elevations are the major constrains in identification. The present work aims to study the changes in vegetative and reproductive features under different elevations and to develop a simple molecular tool for precise identification of these two species based on single nucleotide polymorphisms in trnL (UAA) intron sequences of chloroplast DNA. Genomic DNA of leaf tissues of P. emblica and P. indofischeri, collected from the authentic source, was subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification using trnL (UAA) intron gene-specific primers. The amplified product with the molecular weight of 540 bp was sequenced and used as reference for identification of these two species. The trnL (UAA) introns sequenced from 60 individual trees in three different orchards were compared with trnL (UAA) intron of authentic samples, and confirmed that these orchards have 76% population of P. indofischeri and remaining 24% is occupied by P. emblica. Thus, trnL (UAA) intron is a potential DNA marker for precise identification of these two species. The importance of the present study and its practical application in genetic improvement of Indian gooseberry are discussed.