bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striatal and extrastriatal dopamine transporter in cannabis and tobacco addiction: a high‐resolution PET study
Authors: Leroy Claire , Karila Laurent , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Lukasiewicz Michaël , Duchesnay Edouard , Comtat Claude , Dollé Frédéric , Benyamina Amine , Artiges Eric , Ribeiro Maria‐Joao , Reynaud Michel , Trichard Christian 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe dopamine (DA) system is known to be involved in the reward and dependence mechanisms of addiction. However, modifications in dopaminergic neurotransmission associated with long‐term tobacco and cannabis use have been poorly documented in vivo. In order to assess striatal and extrastriatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in tobacco and cannabis addiction, three groups of male age‐matched subjects were compared: 11 healthy non‐smoker subjects, 14 tobacco‐dependent smokers (17.6 ± 5.3 cigarettes/day for 12.1 ± 8.5 years) and 13 cannabis and tobacco smokers (CTS) (4.8 ± 5.3 cannabis joints/day for 8.7 ± 3.9 years). DAT availability was examined in positron emission tomography (HRRT) with a high resolution research tomograph after injection of [11C]PE2I, a selective DAT radioligand. Region of interest and voxel‐by‐voxel approaches using a simplified reference tissue model were performed for the between‐group comparison of DAT availability. Measurements in the dorsal striatum from both analyses were concordant and showed a mean 20% lower DAT availability in drug users compared with controls. Whole‐brain analysis also revealed lower DAT availability in the ventral striatum, the midbrain, the middle cingulate and the thalamus (ranging from −15 to −30%). The DAT availability was slightly lower in all regions in CTS than in subjects who smoke tobacco only, but the difference does not reach a significant level. These results support the existence of a decrease in DAT availability associated with tobacco and cannabis addictions involving all dopaminergic brain circuits. These findings are consistent with the idea of a global decrease in cerebral DA activity in dependent subjects.
The impact of hypertriglyceridemia on prostate cancer development in patients aged ≥60 years
Authors: Hayashi Norihiro , Matsushima Masato , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Sasaki Hiroshi , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Egawa Shin 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Aetiology (individual cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Patients aged ≥60 years with high TG levels may be move vulnerable to the development of prostate cancer with aggressive biology.We urologists have to pay attention to select the treatment for patients aged ≥60 year with high TG levels.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between serum triglyceride (TG) levels and the incidence and characteristics of prostate cancer detected on biopsy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We evaluated data from consecutive patients who underwent prostatic biopsy. Data analysed included age, total serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, prostatic volume, body mass index (BMI), TG levels, and cholesterol‐lowering medications.
RESULTS
We analysed data from 905 patients, including 528 (58.3%) with positive biopsy findings.
Using 150 mg/dL as the threshold point of TG levels, multivariate analysis yielded an adjusted odds ratio (OR) reflecting the association of higher TG levels with prostate cancer diagnosis of 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.29, P = 0.002).
Pearson correlation coefficient analysis including age, PSA level, prostatic volume, BMI and TG, showed TG level significantly correlated with BMI (r = 0.185, P < 0.001).
In the analysis by age intervals (≤59, 60–69, and ≥70 years), the association between high TG levels and positive biopsy findings was enhanced in the age groups 60–69 and ≥70 years (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.31–3.37, P = 0.002 and OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.03–3.53, P = 0.039, respectively), but not in the group aged ≤59 years.
In patients aged ≥60 years, high TG levels were statistically significantly associated with a Gleason score of ≥8.
CONCLUSIONS
High TG levels correlated well with a higher incidence of prostate cancer, especially in patients aged ≥60 years.
High TG levels were also associated with a Gleason score of ≥8 in this age group.
Our results suggest that elderly patients with high TG levels may be more vulnerable to the development of prostate cancer with an aggressive biology.
CubeCover– Parameterization of 3D Volumes
Authors: Nieser M. , Reitebuch U. , Polthier K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDespite the success of quad‐based 2D surface parameterization methods, effective parameterization algorithms for 3D volumes with cubes, i.e. hexahedral elements, are still missing. CubeCover is a first approach for generating a hexahedral tessellation of a given volume with boundary aligned cubes which are guided by a frame field.The input of CubeCover is a tetrahedral volume mesh. First, a frame field is designed with manual input from the designer. It guides the interior and boundary layout of the parameterization. Then, the parameterization and the hexahedral mesh are computed so as to align with the given frame field. CubeCover has similarities to the QuadCover algorithm and extends it from 2D surfaces to 3D volumes. The paper also provides theoretical results for 3D hexahedral parameterizations and analyses topological properties of the appropriate function space.
On Power and its Tactics: A View from the Sociology of Science
Authors: Law John 
Published: August 2011

This paper considers the relevance of the sociology of science for the study of power. Though there is by no means complete agreement between sociologists of science, recent work in this area has suggested that (a) scientists negotiate not only about scientific but also social reality, and (b) the distinction between macro- and micro-sociology is an impediment rather than an aid to analysis. Thus, though there are indeed differences in scale, il is argued that these should be seen as the outcome of differentially effective attempts by scientists to impose versions of scientific and social reality. The present paper extends this argument by considering the way in which a set of pharmacological experiments was undertaken in order to generate results and control aspects of the scientific and social environment. It is suggested that the experimentalist acted like an entrepreneur, combining a variety of potentially unruly resources with the aim of simplifying these and reducing them to docile figures on a sheet of paper. The strategies and materials used in this process of control are considered and three classes of potential resources are identified: natural objects or devices, people and inscriptions. It is argued that these have certain properties that render them relatively durable and transportable and hence convenient for the purpose of long distance social control.
Impact of filaggrin mutations on Raman spectra and biophysical properties of the stratum corneum in mild to moderate atopic dermatitis
Authors: Mlitz V. , Latreille J. , Gardinier S. , Jdid R. , Drouault Y. , Hufnagl P. , Eckhart L. , Guinot C. , Tschachler E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with null mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene.Objective  To assess the impact of FLG null mutations on biophysical properties and the molecular composition of the stratum corneum (SC) in healthy individuals and AD patients.Methods  A total of 196 French adults, including 97 with a history of mild to moderate AD, were genotyped for the three major European FLG mutations. Components of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF), lipids and water content in the SC were determined using Raman spectroscopy. In addition, trans‐epidermal water loss, capacitance and pH of the SC were measured.Results  Stratum corneum concentrations of total NMF, water, ornithine and urocanic acid (UCA) were significantly lower in AD patients than in healthy controls. Null mutations of FLG were detected in 4% of controls and 10% of AD patients. FLG mutations were associated with increased SC levels of lactate, reduced concentrations of most other NMF components and higher disease severity in AD patients. In AD patients without FLG mutations, the content of NMF constituents decreased with increasing disease severity. The concomittant presence of low concentrations of histidine, alanine and either glycine or pyrrolidone‐5‐carboxylic acid (PCA) in the SC was associated with FLG mutations with 92% specificity.Conclusions  Our findings suggest a low prevalence of FLG mutations in mild AD and support an important role for filaggrin in determining the physicochemical parameters of the SC. The combined measurement of several filaggrin breakdown products in the SC may be useful to specifically predict the presence of FLG mutations.
Using systemic and psychodynamic psychotherapy with a couple in a community learning disabilities context: a case study
Authors: Barnes Jennifer Clare , Summers S. J. 
Published: August 2011

Accessible summary
Systemic practice is about working with all the people who are important in someone’s life. Important people, such as friends and family, are seen as the ‘system’ around a person. This way of working does not see the problem as belonging to one person, but as belonging to the whole system.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy is about trying to understand what’s happened in someone’s past and how this might be affecting their life today. People sometimes find themselves getting into the same difficulties in relationships again and again. This way of working tries to understand why the person has become ‘stuck’ in this way. The therapist will think about the client’s feelings and wishes about their life and their relationships. They will also think about the relationship that grows between therapist and client. Talking about the relationship between therapist and client can help people to understand problems that they have in other relationships.
This case study shows how psychological theory can help the therapist to decide what to do in therapy and how best to work with the client/s in understanding the problem.
SummaryThis paper describes the process of couple therapy with a client who has a mild learning disability and cerebral palsy, and her partner, who also has cerebral palsy (all information has been anonymised and pseudonyms are used throughout). Informed consent was gained from both individuals for the purposes of writing about their case. Therapy spanned twelve sessions and was informed by systemic and psychodynamic ways of thinking. Formulations are discussed, and psychological theory is linked to what happened in the therapy room. The current study takes a reflective stance and discusses the process of therapy, which includes successes as well as pitfalls. Pertinent issues for people with learning disabilities are discussed in terms of power dynamics, the impact of physical disability, capacity to consent to therapy and the effects of abuse.
Subclavian Steal Syndrome Like Appearance Resulting from a Vertebral Artery Origin Stenosis: A Case Report
Authors: He Yu , Li Tong , Yang Chun‐rong , Zhao Yi‐xuan , Hu Yan‐bing 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPartial steal has been regarded as a classic ultrasound appearance of subclavian steal syndrome. We report a case with the vertebral artery origin stenosis and intact subclavian artery, which showed the similar partial steal ultrasound features. The following computerized tomography angiography confirmed the stenosis. Therefore, when an alternating flow in the vertebral artery is detected, the investigation of its origin must be performed besides the ipsilateral subclavian artery.
Transtheoretical Model-based Postpartum Sexual Health Education Program Improves Women’s Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Health
Authors: Lee Jian-Tao , Tsai Jia-Ling 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Postpartum sexual health education was once routinely administered to postpartum women, but few interventions were specifically described or clearly based on theory, and few sexual interventions affected women’s sexual behaviors.

Aim
To evaluate the effectiveness of a refined theory-based interactive postpartum sexual health education program (IPSHEP) in enhancing postpartum women’s sexual behavior and health.

Methods
For this prospective, randomized controlled trial, 250 participants were randomized to three groups. Experimental group A received our refined theory-based IPSHEP. Experimental group B received only an interactive, self-help pamphlet. The control group received routine education (a 10- to 15-minute educational talk and a sexual health pamphlet without an interactive design). Data were collected at baseline, 3 days, 2 months, and 3 months postpartum.

Main Outcome Measure
Postpartum women’s sexual self-efficacy (SSE), diversity of sexual activity (DSA), return to sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction (SS).

Results
Women who received our theory-based postpartum sexual health education program had significantly greater SSE (P &lt; 0.05) and greater DSA (P &lt; 0.05), and tended to resume their sexual life earlier than women in the routine teaching and interactive pamphlet-only groups (P &lt; 0.05). However, the SS levels of postpartum women who received our program did not differ significantly from those of women who received routine teaching or the interactive pamphlet only.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that a theory-based postpartum sexual health education program improved women’s sexual health and sexual behavior and that the transtheoretical model can be translated into practice, supporting its use to enhance the sexual health of postpartum women. Despite the lack of a significant effect on SS, women who received our theory-based postpartum sexual health education program tended to maintain their prepregnancy level of SS in early postpartum.
INFLUENCE OF SURFACE COATING WITH XANTHAN GUM ON HEAT TRANSFER DURING DEEP‐FAT FRYING OF POTATO STRIPS
Authors: KIM DEOK NYUN , MIN BOCKKI , LEE SUNG HO , LEE SUYONG 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPotato strips were coated with xanthan gum solutions (0.3, 0.6, 0.9%, w/v) which exhibited shear‐thinning and weak gel‐like characteristics. Then, the effects of the surface coating on heat transfer during deep‐fat frying of the potato strips were investigated as a function of concentration of xanthan gum solutions. Deep‐fat frying of surface‐coated potato strips exhibited sigmoidal temperature profiles which were shown to be dependent on the concentration of xanthan gum solutions. Heat transfer coefficients were also determined to be between 215 and 254 W/m2 K. The use of higher concentration of xanthan gum led to a distinct decrease in heat transfer coefficients during frying of potato strips, which were shown to be highly correlated to the viscosity of xanthan gum solution (R2 = 0.99). It thus suggested that the surface coating of potato strips with xanthan gum might create an insulating layer, consequently reducing the rate of heat transfer during frying.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCoating and batters in the frying industry are the common methods to reduce the oil uptake of fried foods. However, few experiments have been carried out to investigate the changes in the heat transfer during frying when a food matrix is coated or battered. In this study, a food matrix coated with hydrocolloid solutions was subjected to deep‐fat frying during which heat transfer coefficients were investigated. Our results obtained in this study can provide a fundamental understanding for the mechanisms of heat transport in coated (or battered) fried food systems, consequently helping optimization and control of a frying process.
Incomplete longitudinal fractures and fatigue injury of the proximopalmar medial aspect of the third metacarpal bone in 55 horses
Authors: MORGAN R. , DYSON S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Previous descriptions of incomplete longitudinal fractures and fatigue injury of the proximopalmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone (McIII) have focused on diagnostic imaging findings, especially in racehorses.Objectives:To document the case details, clinical features, response to diagnostic analgesia, diagnostic imaging findings and follow‐up data in a large group of horses with an incomplete longitudinal fracture or fatigue injury of the proximopalmar medial aspect of the McIII.Materials and methods:Horses were included in the study if pain was localised to the proximopalmar aspect of the metacarpal region, with radiological evidence of an incomplete longitudinal fracture or generalised increased radiopacity in the proximopalmar medial aspect of the McIII, or focal increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (IRU) in the proximopalmar aspect of the McIII. Age, breed, gender, height, bodyweight, work discipline, work history, duration of lameness, clinical signs and responses to diagnostic analgesia were recorded. Radiographic and scintigraphic images were assessed subjectively and objectively.Results:There were 55 horses representing a broad spectrum of ages and work disciplines, 73% of which had radiological abnormalities. The majority had no localising clinical signs, although 73% of horses with radiological abnormalities showed a characteristic pattern of lameness. Lameness was generally worse in straight lines than in circles. Increased radiopharmaceutical uptake ranged from mild to intense in the lame limb; 14% of nonlame limbs had mild IRU. Of horses for which long‐term follow‐up was available, 98% returned to full athletic function.Conclusions and potential relevance:Incomplete longitudinal fractures and fatigue injury of the proximopalmar medial aspect of the McIII may occur in horses of many types and sports disciplines, and are not confined to immature performance horses. They should be considered an important differential diagnosis for proximal metacarpal region pain.
TEMPORAL SUMMATION AND ABSOLUTE BRIGHTNESS THRESHOLDS
Authors: Shallice T. 
Published: August 2011

Three normative models based on the Change Detector analogies of Shallice (1964) are investigated to see how well they account for the integration of input over time that occurs in absolute brightness threshold experiments. Of the three, the geometric moving average receives no support. The perceptual moment and moving average models give about equally satisfactory but not perfect fits for short flash results, but the perceptual moment model is much more satisfactory for long flash results.The analysis takes into account variations in information transmission times, noise in the visual system and the quantal nature of the light input. The locus of temporal integration is discussed and a central locus preferred, following Treisman (1966).
Foundations of multi‐dimensional metric scaling in Cayley‐Klein geometries
Authors: Drösler Jan 
Published: August 2011

Two‐dimensional metric scaling is based on the relations of incidence and orthogonality and on the motion of reflection in a straight line. Together with a set of optional postulates concerning different types of orthogonality these primitives are sufficient for operationalizing the Cayley‐Klein geometries for use in the psychological laboratory. They include the three Riemannian geometries (elliptic, Euclidean and hyperbolic) as special cases. The representation refers to a vector space over an unspecified field. The advantage of this lies in the identifiability of the geometry present, before technical axioms have been invoked in order to secure a field of real numbers.The approach appears to be commendable because it yields new solutions to classical problems from monocular and binocular space perception as well as from colour vision. Extensions to derived measurement outside of psychophysics and to three and more dimensions of multidimensional scaling are reported.
Variations of the triangular method and the relationship of its unidimensional probabilistic models to three‐alternative forced‐choice signal detection theory models
Authors: Frijters J. E. R. 
Published: August 2011

The experimental procedure involved in the application of the statistical triangle test and some of the limitations of this method are briefly discussed. Two types of unidimensional distance models, the triangle constant method and the normal Thurstone‐Ura model, are briefly reviewed and the logistic Thurstone‐Ura model is developed. The two versions of the Thurstone‐Ura model are shown to be remarkably different from the corresponding versions of the three‐alternative forced‐choice signal detection theory model.Some theoretical and experimental differences between the triangular constant method model, the Thurstone‐Ura model and the 3‐AFC SDT model are discussed. Finally, by analysis of experimental data, it is shown that the theoretical distinction between the Thurstone‐Ura model and the 3‐AFC SDT model is useful because it appeared the key for the resolution of the ‘paradox of discriminatory non‐discriminators' (Gridgeman, 1970).
Expression and Solubilization of Insect Cell-Based Rabies Virus Glycoprotein and Assessment of Its Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy in Mice
Authors: Ramya R. , Mohana Subramanian B. , Sivakumar V. , Senthilkumar R. L. , Sambasiva Rao K. R. S. , Srinivasan V. A. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTRabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of serious public health and economic significance worldwide. The rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) has been the major target for subunit vaccine development, since it harbors domains responsible for induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies, infectivity, and neurovirulence. The glycoprotein (G) was cloned using the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) and expressed inSpodoptera frugiperda(Sf-9) cells. In order to obtain a soluble form of G suitable for experimentation in mice, 18 different combinations of buffers and detergents were evaluated for their ability to solubilize the insect cell membrane-associated G. The combination that involved 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) detergent in lysis buffer 1, formulated with Tris, NaCl, 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and EDTA, gave the highest yield of soluble G, as evidenced by the experimental data. Subsequently, several other parameters, such as the concentration of CHAPS and the duration and temperature of the treatment for the effective solubilization of G, were optimized. The CHAPS detergent, buffered at a concentration of 0.4% to 0.7% (wt/vol) at room temperature (23 to 25°C) for 30 min to 1 h using buffer 1, containing 10% DMSO, resulted in consistently high yields. The G solubilized using CHAPS detergent was found to be immunogenic when tested in mice, as evidenced by high virus-neutralizing antibody titers in sera and 100% protection upon virulent intracerebral challenge with the challenge virus standard (CVS) strain of rabies virus. The results of the mice study indicated that G solubilized with CHAPS detergent retained the immunologically relevant domains in the native conformation, thereby paving the way for producing a cell-free and efficacious subunit vaccine.