bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fidelity in Sensory Integration Intervention Research
Authors: Parham L. Diane , Cohn Ellen S. , Spitzer Susan , Koomar Jane A. , Miller Lucy Jane , Burke Janice P. , Brett-Green Barbara , Mailloux Zoe , May-Benson Teresa A. , Roley Susanne Smith , Schaaf Roseann C. , Schoen Sarah A. , Summers Clare A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We sought to assess validity of sensory integration outcomes research in relation to fidelity (faithfulness of intervention to underlying therapeutic principles).
METHOD. We identified core sensory integration intervention elements through expert review and nominal group process. Elements were classified into structural (e.g., equipment used, therapist training) and therapeutic process categories. We analyzed 34 sensory integration intervention studies for consistency of intervention descriptions with these elements.
RESULTS. Most studies described structural elements related to therapeutic equipment and interveners’ profession. Of the 10 process elements, only 1 (presentation of sensory opportunities) was addressed in all studies. Most studies described fewer than half of the process elements. Intervention descriptions in 35% of the studies were inconsistent with one process element, therapist–child collaboration.
CONCLUSION. Validity of sensory integration outcomes studies is threatened by weak fidelity in regard to therapeutic process. Inferences regarding sensory integration effectiveness cannot be drawn with confidence until fidelity is adequately addressed in outcomes research.
Quality of Life in American Indian and White Women With and Without Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Poole Janet L. , Chiappisi Heather , Cordova Jennifer Schukar , Sibbitt Wilmer 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to examine quality of life (QOL) in American Indian and White women with and without rheumatoid arthritis.
METHOD. This cross-sectional study included 64 women in four groups: American Indians with rheumatoid arthritis, healthy American Indians, Whites with rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy Whites. Participants received evaluations of pain, joint motion, hand function, daily task performance, community participation, and QOL.
RESULTS. There was a significant difference in QOL between the participants with rheumatoid arthritis and the healthy control groups but not between the American Indian and White groups. Current health and emotional–social function related to QOL in all groups. Dexterity also correlated with QOL in the two groups with rheumatoid arthritis. Performance of daily activities correlated with QOL in all groups except the healthy White groups. Community participation did not correlate with QOL.
CONCLUSIONS. The findings suggest that rheumatoid arthritis in American Indian and White women does affect QOL and that QOL does not seem to be influenced by ethnicity. Factors that related to QOL also were similar for both groups with rheumatoid arthritis.
Impact of Culture on Children’s Community Participation in Israel
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya , Jarus Tal , Law Mary 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study compared the participation in activities outside of formal school among Jewish and Druze Israeli children. It also examined the impact of gender and the interaction of culture and gender on participation.
METHODS. Participants included 30 Jewish and 30 Druze children ages 8–10 years, who completed the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE).
RESULTS. On most of the scales measured, the Jewish children showed a significantly higher participation level than the Druze children, and the Druze children performed more activities alone. The Jewish children demonstrated a higher enjoyment level than the Druze children on half of the scales. Some scales revealed higher participation by girls than by boys as well as a significant cultural group by gender interaction.
CONCLUSION. Culture may have an impact on children’s level of participation in the community. The CAPE was found to be a sensitive tool in elucidating differences between the Druze and Jewish children in community participation.
Effects of Caregiver–Child Interactions on Play Occupations Among Young Children Institutionalized in Eastern Europe
Authors: Daunhauer Lisa A. , Coster Wendy J. , Tickle-Degnen Linda , Cermak Sharon A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated whether children institutionalized in an orphanage would engage in more developmentally competent play with their caregivers as opposed to playing alone and whether specific qualities of caregiver–child interactions were associated with more developmentally competent play.
METHOD. Twenty-six children, ages 10 to 38 months, participated in independent play sessions and in a play session with a caregiver. Interrater reliability for coding play performance was established using the weighted kappa statistic (M = .82). Twelve pediatric experts rated both child and caregiver behaviors for the interactive sessions (mean effective reliability with intraclass correlations = .89).
RESULTS. The children demonstrated more developmentally competent play when interacting with a caregiver than when playing alone, t (25) = −1.88, p ≤ .04, one-tailed. The effect size was moderate (d = .53). Longer periods of institutionalization were associated with less improvement in play performance from independent to interactive play sessions (r = −.51, p ≤ .01). Successful engagement for the child was associated with having a caregiver who provided more structure and assistance and who was directive and encouraging (r = .82, .75, .75, and .64, respectively).
CONCLUSION. Caregivers facilitated more developmentally competent participation in play with children residing in an orphanage, despite the fact that these interactions occurred in an environment vulnerable to many challenges not typical of an exclusive caregiver–child relationship. Findings are discussed in the context of environmental challenges and occupational therapy practice.
Perceived Control: How Is It Related to Daily Occupation in Patients With Mental Illness Living in the Community?
Authors: Eklund Mona 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Perceived control is of significance in occupational therapy, as revealed in empirical research and suggested in practice models. This study investigated the relationship between perceived control and occupational performance in persons with long-term mental illness. The 177 participants were assessed regarding perceived control (locus of control and self-mastery) and occupational performance (activity level and satisfaction with daily occupations). Subgroups with respect to diagnosis and having gainful employment or not were also explored concerning the targeted association. The results indicated relationships between perceived control and occupational performance in the sample as a whole and in all subgroups except that representing people engaged in gainful employment or education. The latter was a surprising result, considering that the importance of perceived control was originally identified in the work science area. The results strongly supported that perceived control should be included in the clinical reasoning of occupational therapists working in mental health care.
Theory Use in Practice: A National Survey of Therapists Who Use the Model of Human Occupation
Authors: Lee Sun Wook , Taylor Renee , Kielhofner Gary , Fisher Gail 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study describes how occupational therapists who reported using the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) actually use the concepts and tools of this model in everyday practice as well as identifies supports and barriers to its use.
METHOD. A systematic random sample of 1,000 occupational therapists was surveyed as to what theories they used in their practice. Those using MOHO (430) were sent a detailed questionnaire; 259 therapists (60.2%) responded to the survey questionnaire.
RESULTS. More than 80% of respondents indicated that they used MOHO in their practice at least some of the time. Therapists reported that MOHO supports holistic, occupation-focused, client-centered, and evidence-based practice. They reported finding MOHO concepts useful for treatment planning and intervention. Most saw the major barrier to using MOHO as their own lack of knowledge.
CONCLUSION. Making resources more readily available and accessible to therapists might enhance the extent to which they use conceptual models such as MOHO.
PDAs as Cognitive Aids for People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gentry Tony 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Cognitive impairment is a common symptom for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study evaluated the effects of an occupational therapy training protocol using personal digital assistants (PDAs) as assistive technology for people with cognitive impairment related to MS.
METHODS. Twenty participants were trained to use PDAs by an occupational therapist. Assessments of functional performance were taken at the start of an 8-week pretreatment period, at the beginning and end of training, and 8 weeks after the conclusion of training.
RESULTS. Participants demonstrated the ability to learn how to use basic PDA functions and retain learning for at least 8 weeks. Functional performance increased significantly with PDA use, and this gain was maintained at 8-week follow-up.
CONCLUSION. This study provides evidence of an association between an intervention providing training in the use of a PDA and improvements in the everyday function of people with cognitive impairment related to MS.
Upper-Limb Kinematics of the Presumed-to-Be-Unaffected Side After Brain Injury
Authors: Nakamura Takayuki , Abreu Beatriz C. , Patterson Rita M. , Buford William L. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the kinematics of the presumed-to-beunaffected upper limbs of people with brain injury (BI) compared with people without brain injury (WBI) during reaching.
METHOD. Seventeen people with BI with no apparent motor deficit and 17 people WBI were measured and compared. A six-camera motion analysis system was used to determine movement duration, average speed, and smoothness during reaching.
RESULTS. The group of people with BI was found to be significantly longer in movement duration (p &lt; .0001), were slower in average speed (p &lt; .0001), and had decreased smoothness (p &lt; .0001) during reaching than the group of people WBI.
CONCLUSION. The results suggest that people with BI may have undetected motor deficit in their presumed-to-be-unaffected upper extremities. Further research is needed to explore the upper-limb motor performance and the impact on function and safety.
Impact of Participating in Volunteer Activities for Residents Living in Long-Term-Care Facilities
Authors: Yuen Hon Keung , Huang Peng , Burik Jerry K. , Smith Thomas G. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a volunteer activity on the perceived well-being of long-term-care (LTC) residents. Residents from five LTC facilities were randomly assigned into either a mentoring or a usual-care control group. Residents in the mentoring group tutored conversational skills to English-as-a-second-language students on a one-on-one basis for 1 hour twice per week for 12 weeks. Well-being, as a global outcome construct, was measured at baseline, after intervention, and at 3-month follow-up using the Geriatric Depression Scale, Life Satisfaction Index–A, and a self-rated health question. After intervention, residents who participated in the mentoring group rated their level of well-being higher (p = .047) than those in the usual-care group on the basis of a multivariate nonparametric global statistical test. The positive effect of mentoring on well-being relative to the control was sustained at 3-month follow-up assessment (p = .029). Findings provide preliminary support for engaging LTC residents in volunteer mentoring activities to improve their well-being.
Changes in Impairment Level, Functional Status, and Use of Assistive Devices by Older People With Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Mann William C. , Johnson Jessica L. , Lynch Lisa G. , Justiss Michael D. , Tomita Machiko , Wu Samuel S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We sought to understand how functional status, impairment level, and use of assistive devices change over 3 years for older adults with depressive symptoms. We further explored factors that predict change in severity of depressive symptoms.
METHOD. This study used data from the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Aging Consumer Assessment Study, a longitudinal study of coping strategies of elders with disabilities. Seventy-three participants with depressive symptoms were interviewed at baseline and 3 years later.
RESULTS. During 3 years, participants experienced increased physical disability (p = .001), a decline in severity of depressive symptoms (p = .03), and an increase in the total number of assistive devices owned.
CONCLUSION. A significant number of older adults will experience a decrease in depressive symptoms over 3 years, despite an increase in physical disability. They also will obtain more assistive devices as they age.
Critical Review and Analysis of the Impact of the Physical Infrastructure on the Driving Ability, Performance, and Safety of Older Adults
Authors: Bohr Paula Christine 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Literature on the impact of physical infrastructure on older adult safe driving performance was reviewed in 2005 as part of the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Literature Review Project. Existing guidelines for driving environments, related to changes in visual, cognitive, and psychomotor abilities associated with the aging process (as published in the Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians, Federal Highway Administration, 2001), are exhaustive, but the authors made no attempt to critically assess the strength of the study design or level of evidence. In laboratory studies since 1999, the interventions lacked applicability to real-life driving environments. Further investigation of the effectiveness of best practice interventions and how the driving environment can better accommodate the needs of older drivers is needed. Occupational therapy interventions that focus on the occupation of driving and compensation and education strategies that allow older adults to drive safely as long as possible are included.
Predicting Fitness to Drive Using the Visual Recognition Slide Test (USyd)
Authors: Kay Lynnette G. , Bundy Anita C. , Clemson Lindy M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The authors examined the construct and predictive validity and internal reliability of the Visual Recognition Slide Test developed at the University of Sydney (VRST–USyd).
METHOD. A historical cohort study using retrospective descriptive analysis of VRST–USyd scores and on-road driving performance for 838 drivers with impairments was conducted.
RESULTS. Rasch analysis provided evidence for the construct validity and internal reliability of the VRST–USyd. Goodness-of-fit statistics for all items were acceptable. The test had high participant and item reliability indexes and separated the participants into four groups with varying levels of skill. Using a cutoff score of 95/164, the sensitivity of the test was 81%, and the specificity was 90%. However, when coupled with clinicians’ judgment of participants’ awareness of their driving performance during the on-road assessment, this score improved.
CONCLUSION. There is evidence for reliability and construct and predictive validity of the VRST–USyd. The measurement of awareness requires further research.
Pilot Study Investigating Infant Vagal Reactivity and Visual Behavior During Object Perception
Authors: Pizur-Barnekow Kris , Kraemer Gary W. , Winters Jill M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The authors examined whether changes in vagal tone were related to infant visual attention during auditory and visual events paired (synchronous) and not paired (asynchronous) in time. They predicted that infants would demonstrate greater visual attention to the synchronous slideshow and that vagal tone would decrease with visual attention.
METHOD. Nineteen infants, 3.5 months old, watched computer-generated synchronous or asynchronous slideshows of auditory and visual stimuli. Visual behavior and vagal tone data were collected. Vagal tone reflects physiological responses during attention or exposure to mild stressors. Repeated-measures analysis of variance examined differences in vagal tone across conditions.
RESULTS. Visual behavior did not differ between the synchronous and asynchronous slideshow conditions. Vagal tone was significantly lower during the asynchronous slideshow.
CONCLUSION. Infants may discriminate synchronous from asynchronous stimuli without changing visual behavior. Implications related to play with toys or objects are discussed.
Direct Observation as a Means of Assessing Frequency of Maladaptive Behavior in Youths With Severe Emotional and Behavioral Disorder
Authors: Quake-Rapp Cindee , Miller Berit , Ananthan Gomathy , Chiu En-Chi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify the incidence of maladaptive behavior in youths enrolled in community living and support training programs. Direct observation and partial-interval time sampling was used to determine occurrence of behaviors to develop effective strategies for group participation.
METHOD. Participants were 30 youths ages 10 to 17 and diagnosed with behavioral disorders. Four observers recorded incidence of eight maladaptive behaviors during three group occupations using direct observation across time and setting, twice per week for 8 weeks.
RESULTS. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to describe the interrater reliability of four observers in recording frequency of maladaptive behaviors. Interrater reliability was high to moderate for the most commonly demonstrated behaviors (ICC = 0.83–0.89). Lower agreement was observed in behaviors that were less frequent, such as violent episodes and sexual inappropriateness (ICC = 0.66–0.68).
CONCLUSION. Direct observation across time and setting demonstrated good-to-moderate interrater reliability in identifying frequency of behaviors that may interfere with group participation. Observation provides the opportunity to document occupation-based assessment without having to depend on youths’ willingness and ability to answer questions.
Stories We Teach By: Intersections Among Faculty Biography, Student Formation, and Instructional Processes
Authors: Hooper Barbara 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Becoming a professional who embodies certain dispositions is known as identity formation. Little research has explored what intentions educators hold for student identity formation or how such intentions influence their teaching. Nine faculty members (all female) in an occupation-centered curriculum were interviewed and observed over 8 weeks. Data were analyzed primarily through narrative writing and data matrixes. Ultimately, educators in this study taught who they were; each personified an implicit curriculum, which conveyed the kind of people students were to become and the ways of knowing they were to adopt through the culture, artifacts, rituals, and modes of communication within a program. In the formation of self-defining professionals who embody occupational therapy’s ethos, equal attention is needed to the biographical experiences of faculty members, to thoughtful design of the implicit curriculum, and to the ways of knowing portrayed to students every day in the classroom.
Reported Experiences From Occupational Therapists Interacting With Teachers in Inclusive Early Childhood Classrooms
Authors: Bose Pia , Hinojosa Jim 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This grounded theory study described the perspectives of school-based occupational therapists working in inclusive early childhood classrooms emphasizing interactions with teaching staff. Six therapists were interviewed multiple times over several months. The participants viewed their interactions with teaching staff as challenging but potentially rewarding experiences. Viewing collaboration as valuable, their descriptions nonetheless generally omitted many collaborative features, with therapists often assigned the role of “expert.” Data analysis revealed four major themes: (1) “It’s Not Like I Don’t Value Collaboration” (the benefits of collaboration); (2) “Collaboration—I Can’t Do It Alone” (the challenges of interactions); (3) “My Opinion, Please Ask for It” (attachment to the expert status), and (4) “Is This Collaboration?” (interactions in practice). The results of this study suggest that current recommendations for collaboration for inclusion in school-based occupational therapy are not optimally implemented in all practice settings.
Interrater Reliability of Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) Score Interpretation
Authors: Asher Asha V. , Parham L. Diane , Knox Susan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study examined interrater reliability of score interpretation on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT).
METHOD. Using SIPT scores of two complex cases, 20 trained participants independently rated each case for presence of sensory integrative dysfunction and for relevance of specific patterns of dysfunction. They also provided comments to justify their ratings.
RESULTS. Agreement on the presence of sensory integrative dysfunction was 70% for Case A and 100% for Case B. Reliability was more variable for dysfunctional pattern ratings, ranging from 50% to 100% agreement for Cases A and B, respectively. Participants consistently appeared to use configural decision-making strategies to guide their ratings.
CONCLUSION. Interrater reliability was moderate to high for interpretation of the presence of sensory integrative dysfunction using SIPT scores. Less agreement was apparent regarding specific patterns of dysfunction. Results suggest that additional clinical information, such as clinical observations and case history, may be needed to make reliable distinctions among dysfunctional patterns.
Psychometric Testing of SPIDER: Data Capture Tool for Systematic Literature Reviews
Authors: Classen Sherrilene , Winter Sandra , Awadzi Kezia D. , Garvan Cynthia W. , Lopez Ellen D. S. , Sundaram Swathy 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Systematic literature reviews contribute to evidence-based occupational therapy, yet no data capture tool currently exists to validly and reliably appraise the characteristics and quality of primary studies.
METHOD. We determined the psychometrics of Systematic Process for Investigating and Describing Evidence-Based Research (SPIDER) and piloted it with 201 studies included in a systematic literature review.
RESULTS. Content validity showed item relevance with 73% agreement between two experts. For the quality construct, seven of nine quality indicators were positively (p &lt; .05) correlated with the overall quality score. The quality scores were positively correlated (p &lt; .05) with two objective measures, inferring criterion validity. Intrarater reliability was moderate to perfect (κ = 0.4–1.0). Cross-tab analyses showed less variation in experienced reviewers’ interrater reliability.
CONCLUSION. SPIDER provides plausible opportunities for occupational therapy researchers and graduate students to appraise the characteristics and quality of primary studies but requires testing across other settings.