bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetries and heterosis of bilateral traits in parental lines of chickens and their F1 crosses
Authors: Yang A. , Siegel P. B. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAsymmetries and heterosis of bilateral traits were measured in two lines of White Leghorns selected for high (HH) or low (LL) antibody response 5 days after an injection with 0.1 ml of 0.25% suspension of sheep red blood cells and their reciprocal crosses. The bilateral traits were 39‐day shank length and length and weight of the first primary wing feather. Shank length was again measured on day 49 while body, lung, shank, and heart weights and caeca lengths were obtained on day 56. Heterosis was positive for organ sizes and negative for the degree of bilateral asymmetry. Sums of bilateral asymmetries were lower for crosses than their parental lines which, like heterosis, reflected their greater biological and developmental stability and fitness.ZusammenfassungAsymmetrie und Heterosis bilateraler Merkmale in Reinzuchtlinien und ihren F1 KreuzungenDie beiden Weße Leghorn Linien waren für hohe (HH) und niedrige (LL) Antikörperreaktion 5 Tage nach Injektion von 0.1 ml einer 0.25%‐igen Suspension von Schaferythrozyten selektiert worden. Die bilateralen Merkmale waren 39‐Tage Schenkellänge und Länge und Gewicht der ersten Primärflügelfeder. Schenkellänge wurde wieder am Tag 49 gemessen und Körper‐, Lungen‐, Schenkel‐ und Herzgewichte am Tag 56 genommen ebenso wie Coecumlängen. Organgrößen zeigten positive, Grad bilateraler Asymmetrie aber negative Heterosiswerte. Summen bilateraler Asymmetrien waren bei Kreuzungen geringer als beiden Elternlinien, was wie die Heterosis Stabilität während Entwicklung und höhere Fitness zeigt.
Population study on the inheritance of Lac‐Z gene in transgenic mice
Authors: Kownacki M. , Sobczyńska M. , Zwierzchowski L. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryTwo populations were created, one experimental, descended from transgenic (bacterial Lac‐Z gene) founder males and the second control, descended from nontransgenic males. The transgenic and nontransgenic males were mated to females obtained from a population mated at random over many generations. In each population and each generation, body weight at the age of 21 and 42 days, weight gains, fertility and prolificacy — litter size at birth, at the age of 21 and 42 days were examined. In the experimental population the frequency of transgenic animals was calculated. In the seventh generation the frequency of transgenic animals was 30%. The results presented here indicate that for most of the traits examined, descendants of transgenic males proved to be of poorer quality than those with nontransgenic sires. The results suggest that the transgenic genotype of the dam has a negative effect on the growth traits. The fertility of both transgenic and nontransgenic animals was high and amounted to nearly 100%.ZusammenfassungEine experimentelle Population ausgehend von transgenen (bakter. Lac‐Z Gen) Gründer‐Vätern und eine Kontrolle, von Nicht‐transgenen Vätern stammend, wurden erstellt. Männchen wurden über 7 Generationen an Weibchen aus einer panmiktischen Population gepaart und in jeder Generation Körpergewicht bei 21 bzw. 42 Tagen, Zuwachs, Fruchtbarkeit und Wurfgröße bei Geburt, 21 und 42 Tagen erhoben. In Generation 7 war die Frequenz transgener Tiers 30%. Nacuhkommen transgener Vatertiere hatten geringere Leistungen als jene nicht‐transgener Väter. Der transgene Genotyp von Muttertieren wirkte sich ungünstig auf Wachstum aus. Fruchtbarkeit aller Tiere war zufrieden stellend.
Gene action of the oMt1a‐oGH transgene in two lines of mice with distinct selection backgrounds*
Authors: Siewerdt F. , Eisen E. J. , Conrad‐Brink J. S. , Murray J. D. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryTen transgenic (sheep metallothionein 1a‐sheep growth hormone transgene, oMt1a‐oGH) homozygous male mice were mated to females of two lines with distinct selection backgrounds. Inter se matings yielded F2 mice in each line: selected background and control background. Genotypes with respect to the transgene insert were obtained in all mice. Weekly body weights were taken. Males were dissected at 8 weeks of age and fat pads and organs were weighed. Females were mated at 10 weeks; reproductive data were collected on the 16th day after detection of a copulatory plug. Gene action on body, fat pads and organs weights showed dominance effects. The oMt1a‐oGH transgene caused body and organ weights to increase and fat pad weights to reduce. No unfavourable effects of the transgene insert were found on reproductive traits. Results indicate that incorporation of the oMt1a‐oGH in populations of mice should be successful.RésuméDix mâles souris, homozygotes pour le oMt1a‐oGH (mouton métallothionein 1a‐mouton hormone de croissance) ont été accouplés aux femelles de deus lignées avec différents fonds de sélection. Inter se accouplés ont rendu F2 souris dans chaque lignée: sélectionnée et contrôle. Les génotypes en ce qui concerne le transgène ont été mésurés dans tous les souris. Poids corporeles ont été obtenus chaque semaine. Les mâles ont été disséqués à huit semaines; dépôts adipaux et orgues ont été pesés. Les femelles ont été accouplés à dix semaines; données de reproduction ont été assemblés au seizième jour après la détéction d'un tampon de copulation. Dominance a été l'action génique sur le poids corporel, dépôts adipaux et orgues. Le transgène a augmenté les poids corporels et les poids des orgues mais il a réduit les poids des dépôts adipaux. Pas d'effects défavourables on été trouvés dans les caractères reproductives. Les résultats indiquent que l'incorporation du oMt1a‐oGH transgène dans populations de souris pourrai réussir.ZusammenfassungGenwirkung bei oMt1a‐oGH Transgenen in zwei Mäuselinien mit unterschiedlichem SelektionshintergrundZehn transgene (Schaf Metallothionein 1a‐Schaf Wachstumshormon, oMt1a‐oGH) homozypote Mäuseböcke wurde an Weibchen zweier Linien unterschiedlichen Selektionshintergrundes gepaart. Inter se Paarungen resultierten in F2 Mäusen mit Selektions bzw. Kontrollhintergrund. Alle Genotypen bezüglich des Transgeninserts wurden festgestellt. Gewichte wurden wöchentlich erhoben, Männchen im Alter von 8 Wochen seziert und Fettpolster unf Organgewichte bestimmt. Weibchen wurden im Alter von 10 Wochen gepaart und Reproduktionsdaten am 16. Tag nach Erscheinen des Kopulationspfropfen erhoben. Bei Körper‐, Fettpfropfen und Orangewichten zeigten sich Dominanzwirkungen. Das oMt1a‐oGH Transgen steigert Körper und Organgewichte und reduziert jenes des Fettpfropfens. Es zeigt keine ungünstigen Wirkungen auf Reproduktion, sodaß seine Einführung in Mäusepopulationen erfolgreich sein sollte.
Verification of horse maternal lineage based on derived mitochondrial DNA sequence
Authors: Bowling A. T. , Del Valle A. , Bowling M. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryExtensive pedigree records in stud books characterize many horse breeds and are a resource for scientific studies, for example testing the conservation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) nucleotide sequence through extended generations. This study showed that even without access to biological material from the horses in question, analysis of mtDNA sequence in tail‐female relatives can be used to derive haplotypes and test alternative dam possibilities. DNA sequence of the D‐loop hypervariable region was obtained from fragments generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mtDNA from peripheral blood samples. PCR primers for the hyperviable region of the D‐loop between tRNAPro and the large central conserved sequence block were designed based on published horse sequence. Horses tracing to the same tail‐female lines had identical DNA sequences, despite separation from common maternal ancestors by more than 80 years and by pedigree loops of up to 17 generations.ZusammenfassungBestätigung von Mutterstutenlinien durch mitochondriale DNS SequenzenDie umfangreichen Abstammungsaufzeichnungen von Stutbüchern erlauben die Prüfung der Konservierung mitochondrialer DNA (mtDNA) Nukleotidsequenzen durch viele Generationen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß ohne Prüfung des biologischen Materials der fraglichen Stuten ihre Haplotypen durch Analyse der mtDNA Sequenzen entfernter Nachkommen abgeleitet und alternative Möglichkeitne geprüft werden können. Die DNA Sequenzen der D‐Schleifen der hypervariablen Region wurde von Fragmenten nach PCR Amplifikation aus peripheren Blutproben ermittelt. Die PCR primer zwischen tRNAPro und der großen zentralen konservierten Sequenz wurden aus publizierten Pferde Sequenzen konstruiert. Pferde derselben Stutenlinien hatten identische Sequenzen, trotz eines Abstandes von bis zu 17 Generation und 80 Jahren.
Environmental limit to genetic change. An alternative theorem of natural selection
Authors: Beilharz R. G. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryInterest in molecular biology and cloning of animals is high. It is widely predicted that biotechnological improvements will revolutionize animal production on farms. The environment, as a constraint, is usually ignored. Yet, as organisms need environmental resources to live, there must come a point above which the genetically improved animals are no longer economically sustainable in farm environments. This recognition may be more important than ethical questions about biotechnology. This paper presents a fundamental theorem about natural selection and ‘improvement’ of organisms. This shows that, in evolution and on farms, the environment usually limits organisms and that, as a direct consequence, ‘improvement of genotypes’ beyond this limit is pointless, and does not occur in evolution.ZusammenfassungUmwelt als limitierende Grenze der genetischen Verbesserung. Ein alternatives Theorem der Natürlichen SelektionGrosses Interesse an Biotechnologie führt zu der Erwartung daß Tierproduktion sich revolutionär verändern wird. Die Umwelt, als Hemmfaktor, wird generell übersehen. Trotzdem brauchen Tiere Ressourcen aus der Umwelt um zu leben. Andauernde genetische Verbesserung bringt Tiere unausweichlich zu dem Niveau über welchem sie nicht mehr wirtschaftlich haltbar sein werden in der kommerziellen Tierproducktion. Diese Erkenntnis ist wahrscheinlich wichtiger als ethische Fragen über Anwendung der Biotechnologie an Tieren. Diese Arbeit bringt ein fundamentales Theorem über natürliche Selektion und “Verbesserung” von Organismen. Dieses zeigt daß, in der Evolution und in landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben, die Umwelt normalerweise Grenzen setzt für Organismen. Als direkte Folge ist die “Verbesserung der Genotypen”über solche Grenzen hinaus zwecklos, und kommt auch in der Evolution nicht vor.
Prognostic importance of fucosylated alpha‐fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with low alpha‐fetoprotein
Authors: Nouso Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kobayashi Sayo , Takayama Hiroki , Toshimori Junichi , Kuwaki Kenji , Hagihara Hiroaki , Onishi Hideki , Miyake Yasuhiro , Ikeda Fusao , Shiraha Hidenori , Takaki Akinobu , Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Kobashi Haruhiko , Yamamoto Kazuhide 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Fucosylated alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP‐L3) is known to be a marker of poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it has been difficult to measure AFP‐L3 under low AFP (≤ 20 ng/mL). The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of AFP‐L3 in HCC patients with low AFP conditions.Methods:  One hundred and ninety six consecutive newly developed HCC patients with low AFP (≤ 20 ng/mL) were examined for serum AFP‐L3 expression by a newly‐developed micro‐total analysis system that could stably measure AFP‐L3 in low AFP circumstances, and its clinical importance was analyzed.Results:  Positivity of AFP‐L3 in HCC patients was 13.3% at a cut‐off level of 10%. Five‐year survivals of HCC patients with AFP‐L3 (< 10%) and AFP‐L3 (≥ 10%) were 69.4% and 41.1%, respectively (P = 0.001). Among 18 clinical parameters, low alanine aminotransferase, large tumor size, presence of portal vein tumor thrombus, high AFP and high des‐gamma carboxy prothrombin were observed in the high AFP‐L3 (≥ 10%) group. Multivariate analysis revealed that high aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (risk ratio [RR] = 3.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27–8.26), the presence of ascites (RR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.22–9.34), multiple tumor number (RR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.33–7.17), and high AFP‐L3 (RR = 8.36, 95% CI = 2.79–25.5) were risk factors for survival. High AFP‐L3 was also a risk factor for survival in HCC patients who received radiofrequency ablation (P = 0.048).Conclusions:  AFP‐L3 is a strong prognostic factor for survival even in HCC patients with low AFP (≤ 20 ng/mL).
Repeated liver resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Faber Wladimir , Seehofer Daniel , Neuhaus Peter , Stockmann Martin , Denecke Timm , Kalmuk Sinan , Warnick Peter , Bahra Marcus 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Tumor recurrence after liver resection occurs in the majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was conducted to clarify the safety and effectiveness of repeated liver resection as a curative option for intrahepatic HCC recurrence.Methods:  Between July 1990 and January 2009, 483 patients underwent 514 curative hepatic resections for HCC in our institution. Among this collective, 27 patients underwent 31 repeated resections due to recurrent HCC (27 s resections, three third resections and one forth resection). The outcome of these patients was retrospectively reviewed using a prospective database.Results:  Perioperative morbidity and mortality was 11% (three of 27) and 0%. Six patients showed multiple liver lesions, 23 underwent minor liver resections (fewer than three segments) and five patients underwent major resections (three or more segments). The majority of the patients showed no signs of chronic liver disease (16 of 27). The median tumor free margin was 1.5 mm (range: 0 to 20 mm). The median tumor diameter was 40 mm (range: 10 to 165 mm). Tumor dedifferentiations at time of tumor recurrence were not observed. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival rates after second liver resection were 96%, 70% and 42%.Conclusions:  Repeated liver resection is a valid and safe curative therapy option for recurrent HCC and results in significant prolongation of survival in comparison to interventional treatment strategies in selected patients. However, due to impaired liver function, multifocal intrahepatic or extrahepatic recurrence repeated resection is only feasible in a minority of patients.
Alveolar capillary dysplasia associated with duodenal atresia: Ultrasonographic findings of enlarged, highly echogenic lungs and gastric dilatation in a third‐trimester fetus
Authors: Obata‐Yasuoka Mana , Hamada Hiromi , Ohara Rena , Nakao Atsushi , Miyazono Yayoi , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report a case of alveolar capillary dysplasia, wherein duodenal atresia was diagnosed during the third trimester. A 36‐year‐old mother was referred to our hospital for polyhydramnios at 31 weeks' gestation. Duodenal atresia was suspected from the ultrasonographic findings, which showed gastric dilation. Other findings noted were enlarged, highly echogenic lungs, a spherical heart and an increased lung–thorax transverse area ratio. A male infant was born at 37 weeks' gestation. The findings of serial radiography of the infant's upper gastrointestinal tract were compatible with the diagnosis of duodenal atresia; however, he developed persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn eight hours after birth and died at five days of age. The autopsy revealed alveolar capillary dysplasia and duodenal obstruction. We propose that the detection of duodenal atresia should prompt the physician to conduct a thorough ultrasonographic examination to rule out associated anomalies, such as alveolar capillary dysplasia, which can be detected by the presence of highly echogenic lungs.
Health management of adults with Turner Syndrome: An attempt at multidisciplinary medical care by gynecologists in cooperation with specialists from other fields
Authors: Sakakibara Hideya , Yoshida Hiroshi , Takei Maki , Katsuhata Yukiko , Koyama Makiko , Nagata Tomoko , Ishikawa Masahiko , Hirahara Fumiki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  Since women with Turner Syndrome (TS) have various complications, they require comprehensive medical evaluation and multidisciplinary treatment. Although TS patients receive adequate care in childhood, many adults with TS do not. Since most TS adults attend gynecologists for hormone replacement therapy, we suggest gynecologists take primary responsibility for their management. In an attempt to provide TS patients with a comprehensive treatment regimen, we started multidisciplinary medical management in the Reproductive Health Clinic at Yokohama City University Hospital. To evaluate the efficacy of this medical care system, a retrospective analysis was conducted.Methods:  The clinical profiles of 57 TS patients were examined. The past histories, complications and clinical data of these patients were extracted from their medical records and examined clinically. Bone mineral density measurements of lumbar vertebrae (L2–4), anti‐thyroid antibody titer measurements, hearing tests and cardiovascular MRI were also performed.Results:  Mean follow‐up duration was 5.1 years (range, 1–8 years). At the time of transition, patients with complications developed in childhood, such as amenorrhea, osteopenia/osteoporosis, otitis media, thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular disease were identified. All these complaints were successfully followed up in our adult care system. Several complications common to TS adults, such as glucose intolerance, liver dysfunction, hyperlypidemia and hypertension could be identified by our screening system. Patients were referred to specialists when necessary.Conclusion:  Multidisciplinary health management in our Reproductive Health Clinic improved the status of medical care for TS adults.
Self‐reported depressive symptoms and suicidal feelings in perianal Crohn’s disease
Authors: Mahadev Srihari , Young Jane M. , Selby Warwick , Solomon Michael J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that has been associated with high rates of mental illness. Perianal lesions are prevalent; however, their specific impact on depression has not been studied. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and associations of self‐reported depressive symptoms in the subset of Crohn’s patients with perianal disease.Method Patients with perianal Crohn’s disease from one institution were surveyed to elicit the frequency of self‐reported depressive symptoms. Patients completed a questionnaire and consented to medical records audit.Results Of the 130 patients invited, 69 (53%) returned a survey. Depressive symptoms were self‐reported at very high rates, with 73% reporting feeling depressed and 13% reporting feeling suicidal at some point. Associations were found between depressive symptoms and duration of disease, prior surgery, past or present stoma, and anal stenosis. Patients who self‐reported depressive symptoms had lower overall utilities, and were willing to trade very significant proportions (upwards of 15%) of their life expectancy for disease cure.Conclusion This study suggests that many patients with perianal Crohn’s disease experience significant emotional distress that impairs their overall quality of life. Further controlled studies are required to assess the impact of perianal disease and to address the need to target interventions to meet the mental health needs of this population.
Revitalizing Entrepreneurship: How Visual Symbols are Used in Entrepreneurial Performances
Authors: Clarke Jean 
Published: March 2011

abstractTo gain and sustain support for novel ventures, entrepreneurs must use symbolic means to signal to resource providers that their venture is feasible and legitimate. Previous research has generally focused on how entrepreneurs use language to symbolically represent their ventures as compatible with more widely established sets of activities. This paper suggests that entrepreneurs' use of visual symbols also plays a direct role in achieving support for a venture. Based upon a visual ethnographic study of three entrepreneurs, this paper demonstrates how entrepreneurs use visual symbols to: present an appropriate scene to stakeholders; create professional identity and emphasize control; and regulate emotions. The types of visual symbols used by the entrepreneurs are: setting, props, dress, and expressiveness. Overall, the results suggest that more experienced entrepreneurs are more effective at using a wider range of visual symbols during interactions.
Evidence for prospective associations among depression and obesity in population‐based studies
Authors: Faith M. S. , Butryn M. , Wadden T. A. , Fabricatore A. , Nguyen A. M. , Heymsfield S. B. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryObesity may lead to depression or be one of its consequences. We reviewed population‐based studies in order to, first, identify the most commonly used research methods, and, second, to evaluate the strength of evidence for prospective associations among obesity and depression. We examined 25 studies, of which 10 tested ‘obesity‐to‐depression’ pathways, and 15 tested ‘depression‐to‐obesity’ pathways. Descriptive statistics summarized the frequency with which various measurements, designs and data analytic strategies were used. We tallied the number of studies that reported any vs. no statistically significant associations, and report on effect sizes, identified moderating variables within reports, and sought common findings across studies. Results indicated considerable methodological heterogeneity in the literature. Depression was assessed by clinical interview in 44% of studies, weight and height were directly measured in 32%, and only 12% used both. In total, 80% of the studies reported significant obesity‐to‐depression associations, with odds ratios generally in the range of 1.0 to 2.0, while only 53% of the studies reported significant depression‐to‐obesity associations. Sex was a common moderating variable. Thus, there was good evidence that obesity is prospectively associated with increased depression, with less consistent evidence that depression leads to obesity. Recommendations for future research regarding study samples, measurement and data analysis are provided.
Pre‐pregnancy and pregnancy obesity and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring: a systematic review
Authors: Van Lieshout R. J. , Taylor V. H. , Boyle M. H. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryMaternal obesity in pregnancy is associated with a number of adverse outcomes for mother and her offspring both perinatally and later in life. This includes recent evidence that suggests that obesity in pregnancy may be associated with central nervous system problems in the foetus and newborn. Here, we systematically review studies that have explored associations between maternal overweight and obesity in pregnancy and cognitive, behavioural and emotional problems in offspring. The 12 studies eligible for this review examined a wide range of outcomes across the lifespan and eight provided evidence of a link. These data suggest that the offspring of obese pregnancies may be at increased risk of cognitive problems and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood, eating disorders in adolescence and psychotic disorders in adulthood. Given the limitations of existing data, these findings warrant further study, particularly in light of the current worldwide obesity epidemic.