bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum midkine concentrations and gastric cancer
Authors: Obata Yuki , Kikuchi Shogo , Lin Yingsong , Yagyu Kiyoko , Muramatsu Takashi , Kumai Hideshi ,   Tokyo Research Group on Prevention of Gastric Cancer
Published: September 2010

Midkine (MK) is one of a family of heparin‐binding growth factors, and increased MK expression is reported in various types of human carcinomas. To clarify the association between serum MK (S‐MK) concentrations and gastric cancer, we examined S‐MK concentrations of gastric cancer patients (n = 275) and healthy controls (n = 275). S‐MK concentrations of all subjects were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). The medians (25th and 75th percentiles) of S‐MK were 192 (123 and 314) pg/mL in the cases and 170 (81 and 273) pg/mL in the controls (P < 0.01). We also compared S‐MK concentrations in each group divided by the progression stage or histological type of cancer. A difference was observed in the median S‐MK concentrations between early and advanced cancers [182 (105 and 301) pg/mLvs203 (139 and 331) pg/mL,P = 0.07], but not between intestinal and diffuse type cancers [185 (121 and 306) pg/mLvs198 (127 and 323) pg/mL,P = 0.51]. We found that those progression stages affect S‐MK concentration more strongly than the histological types in gastric cancer patients. Because S‐MK seems to reflect the progression stage of gastric cancer, it may serve as a useful marker in the clinical follow‐up of gastric cancer patients. (Cancer Sci2005; 96: 54 –57)
Generation of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine from DNA using rat liver homogenates
Authors: Shi Minyi , Takeshita Haruko , Komatsu Masaharu , Xu Baohui , Aoyama Kohji , Takeuchi Toru 
Published: September 2010

In relation to carcinogenesis, aging and other pathologic conditions, urinary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) is widely used as a marker for evaluating the effect of oxidative stress on DNA. Because no reports have described how 8OHdG is generated from DNA in vivo or by biological materials, and how it is excreted into urine, the authors investigated the generation of 8OHdG from DNA, using rat liver homogenate. Oxidatively damaged DNA samples containing different levels of 8OHdG were prepared using ultraviolet irradiation with three different concentrations of riboflavin. Following incubation of damaged DNA samples with rat liver homogenates, the generation of 8OHdG from the DNA was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection after ultrafiltration of the incubation mixtures. The generation of 8OHdG was also tested with an anti‐8OHdG antibody. The quantity of 8OHdG generated from the DNA by rat liver homogenates was dependent on the 8OHdG levels in the DNA: almost all 8OHdG in the DNA was released as 8OHdG by rat liver homogenates. Generation of 8OHdG correlated with the degradation of DNA. Interestingly, the generated 8OHdG was stable in the presence of rat liver homogenates, whereas deoxyguanosine (dG) rapidly disappeared in the same conditions. Less than 1/10 000 of dG was converted to 8OHdG when dG was incubated with rat liver homogenate. Incubation of 8‐hydroxyguanine with rat liver homogenates did not generate 8OHdG. These findings suggest that most of the 8OHdG in DNA is released as 8OHdG during DNA degradation and that, because of its stability, 8OHdG is excreted into urine, thus providing a convenient measure of oxidative damage to DNA. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 13–19)
Correlation of KIT and EGFR overexpression with invasive ductal breast carcinoma of the solid‐tubular subtype, nuclear grade 3, and mesenchymal or myoepithelial differentiation
Authors: Tsuda Hitoshi , Morita Daisaku , Kimura Mikihiko , Shinto Eiji , Ohtsuka Yukiko , Matsubara Osamu , Inazawa Johji , Tamaki Kuniyoshi , Mochizuki Hidetaka , Tamai Seiichi , Hiraide Hoshio 
Published: September 2010

Although KIT and EGFR overexpressions are reported to occur in breast cancer, their pathological significance is still unclear. We examined KIT, EGFR, and c‐erbB‐2 overexpressions immunohistochemically in 150 cases of surgically resected breast cancer and their correlation with the histological type and grade and mesenchymal and/or myoepithelial immunophenotype of primary tumors. To facilitate the analysis, we constructed a tissue microarray comprising 2‐mm diameter tissues cored from the representative tissue block of each tumor. KIT, EGFR, and c‐erbB‐2 overexpressions were detected in 15 (10%), 12 (8%), and 23 (15%), respectively. The KIT was more frequent in the group comprising comedo‐type ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of the solid‐tubular subtype than in the group of other histological types (P = 0.027), and the EGFR was more frequent in IDCs of solid‐tubular type than in other histological types (P < 0.05). KIT and EGFR overexpressions were correlated with nuclear grade 3 (P = 0.0095 and 0.0005) and tended to be concurrent (P = 0.005). KIT overexpression was correlated with vimentin and S‐100 expression (P = 0.003 and P = 0.005), and EGFR overexpression was correlated with S100 expression (P = 0.0001). These correlations with grade and mesenchymal/myoepithelial markers were not observed for c‐erbB‐2 overexpression. KIT and EGFR appeared to be indicators of high‐grade breast carcinoma groups that often contain the carcinomas with mesenchymal and/or myoepithelial differentiation, which are distinct from the group with c‐erbB‐2 overexpression. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 48 –53)
Plasma midkine level is a prognostic factor for human neuroblastoma
Authors: Ikematsu Shinya , Nakagawara Akira , Nakamura Yohko , Ohira Miki , Shinjo Masaki , Kishida Satoshi , Kadomatsu Kenji 
Published: September 2010

Neuroblastoma is the third‐most‐common solid tumor of childhood. To date, no reliable blood marker for neuroblastoma has been established. The growth factor midkine is highly expressed in human carcinomas and its knockdown leads to tumor growth suppression in animal models. The present study evaluated the plasma midkine level in human neuroblastoma patients. Plasma samples were obtained from patients found through mass screening, as well as from sporadic neuroblastoma patients. The total number of cases examined was 756. Among them, prognostic information was available for 175 sporadic cases and 287 mass‐screening cases. Midkine levels were significantly higher in neuroblastoma patients, including both mass‐screening cases and sporadic cases, than in non‐tumor controls (P < 0.0001). The midkine level was significantly correlated with the statuses of MYCN amplification, TRKA expression, ploidy, stage and age (P < 0.0001, < 0.0001, = 0.004, < 0.0001 and < 0.0001, respectively), which are known prognostic factors for neuroblastoma. There was a striking correlation between high plasma midkine level and poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). Within sporadic cases, the midkine level was also strikingly higher than in non‐tumor controls (P < 0.0001), and correlated with the statuses of MYCN amplification and stage (P = 0.0005 and = 0.003, respectively). There was a significant correlation between high plasma midkine level and poor prognosis (P = 0.04). Taken together, the present data indicate that plasma midkine level is a prognostic factor for human neuroblastoma. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 2070–2074)
Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with an increased risk for microscopic colitis: a case–control study
Authors: Keszthelyi D. , Jansen S. V. , Schouten G. A. , De Kort S. , Scholtes B. , Engels L. G. J. B. , Masclee A. A. M. 
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1124–1128SummaryBackground  Microscopic colitis causes chronic watery diarrhoea. Recent studies have suggested an aetiological role for various medications, including proton pump inhibitors, in the pathogenesis of microscopic colitis.Aim  To determine whether an association exists between microscopic colitis and proton pump inhibitor use in patients with documented microscopic colitis vs. age‐ and gender‐matched controls.Methods  In this retrospective case–control study, cases of microscopic colitis from a secondary and tertiary referral medical centre diagnosed in the last 5 years were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinical, histological and endoscopic records, as well as exposure to PPIs and NSAIDs were assessed. Controls from the population were matched to cases by gender and by age.Results  During the investigated period, 136 cases were identified in both hospitals. Of these, 95 cases of microscopic colitis were retrieved for detailed analysis. Exposure to proton pump inhibitors at the time of the histological diagnosis was significantly higher in patients with collagenous colitis than in controls [38% vs. 13%, P < 0.001; adjusted OR of 4.5 (95% CI 2.0–9.5)].Conclusions  This observation confirms the presumed association between microscopic colitis and PPI use, and it supports the possible aetiological role of PPI exposure in the development of microscopic colitis.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The ability of anaesthetists to identify the position of the right internal jugular vein correctly using anatomical landmarks
Authors: Harber C. R. , Harvey D. J. R. , Wiles M. D. , Bogod D. G. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryWe performed a study of 85 consenting anaesthetists to assess their ability to locate the right internal jugular vein using a landmark technique. Initially, a questionnaire was completed ascertaining previous user experience. An ultrasound probe, using the midpoint as an ‘imaginary needle’, was placed on the neck of a healthy volunteer (with previously confirmed normal anatomy) and the image recorded. Both anaesthetist and volunteer were blinded to the screen until the image was stored. Anaesthetists were grouped into those in training before 2002 (Pre‐2002, n = 58), when National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines recommending ultrasound guidance were published, and those training after this time point (Post‐2002, n = 27). The success rate for identifying the internal jugular vein using the landmark technique was 36/58 (62%) in the Pre‐2002 group and 6/27 (22%) in the Post‐2002 group (p < 0.001). Three participants in each group would have hit the carotid artery (5% Pre‐2002 and 11% Post‐2002 respectively; p = 0.2). The advent of routine use of ultrasound has resulted in a cohort of anaesthetists who are unable to use a landmark technique effectively or safely. This has significant training implications.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Can sugammadex save a patient in a simulated ‘cannot intubate, cannot ventilate’ situation?
Authors: Bisschops M. M. A. , Holleman C. , Huitink J. M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryRecent studies have shown that the use of high dose rocuronium followed by sugammadex provides a faster time to recovery from neuromuscular blockade following rapid sequence induction than suxamethonium. In a manikin‐based ‘cannot intubate, cannot ventilate’ simulation, we studied the total time taken for anaesthetic teams to prepare and administer sugammadex from the time of their initial decision to use the drug. The mean (SD) total time to administration of sugammadex was 6.7 (1.5) min, following which a further 2.2 min (giving a total 8.9 min) should be allowed to achieve a train‐of‐four ratio of 0.9. Four (22%) teams gave the correct dose, 10 (56%) teams gave a dose that was lower than recommended, four (22%) teams gave a dose that was higher than recommended, six (33%) teams administered sugammadex in a single dose, and 12 (67%) teams gave multiple doses. Our simulation highlights that sugammadex might not have saved this patient in a ‘cannot intubate, cannot ventilate’ situation, and that difficulties and delays were encountered when identifying, preparing and administering the correct drug dose.
Basin architecture and thermal maturation in the strike‐slip Deer Lake Basin, Carboniferous of Newfoundland
Authors: Hyde RICHARD S. , Miller HUGH G. , Hiscott RICHARD N. , Wright JAMES A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract The Deer Lake Basin is an entirely non‐marine basin associated with the Cabot fault zone. Structural and stratigraphic evidence strongly suggest dextral strike‐slip movements along the fault zone during Tournaisian‐Visean time. Two elongated, end‐on structural blocks (probable positive flower structures) contain fold axes and second‐order faults oriented obliquely to fault traces bounding the blocks, in a manner implying dextral movements. In one part of the basin, the stratigraphic thickness of a long homoclinal section of later basin‐fill sediment (Deer Lake Group) greatly exceeds the suggested depth to basement based on gravity measurements, a situation common to strike‐slip basins. Formations representing basin fill can be arranged into megasequences (from oldest to youngest: Anguille Group, Wetstone Point and Wigwam Brook Formations, Deer Lake Group, Howley Formation) corresponding to lateral growth stages of the basin.Gravity, magnetic, and seismic data show that depths to basement on either side of the end‐on flower structures are comparable, so that the youngest strata in the basin (Howley Formation) are not underlain by earlier basin fill. These geophysical data, therefore, corroborate the geological conclusion of onlapping stratigraphic relations. The geophysical data suggest participation of basement in Carboniferous gravity faulting and show the location of the subsurface extension of the Taylors Brook Fault in the western part of the Deer Lake Basin.Thermal maturation of the Anguille and Deer Lake Groups, as measured by vitrinite reflectance, clay mineral assemblages, illite crystallinity, and Rock‐Eval pyrolysis, indicate a much higher level of maturation for the Anguille than for the Deer Lake Group. Palaeotemperatures for the Anguille and Deer Lake Groups are estimated to be around 200 and 100oC, respectively, suggesting that Anguille Group rocks are overmature whereas Deer Lake Group strata are within the oil‐generating window. Onlapping stratigraphic relations and areally homogeneous time/temperature effects, however, have created a situation in which the Deer Lake Group and Howley Formation have similar maturation levels.
Normal fault displacement characteristics, with particular reference to synthetic transfer zones, Mae Moh mine, northern Thailand
Authors: Morley C. K. , Wonganan N. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTNormal faults in middle Miocene sedimentary rocks of the Mae Moh mine have their geometries and displacement patterns well constrained by outcrop and subsurface data. Seventeen of the largest faults are described and analysed. The 17 faults have very different displacement profiles, with differences between the profiles being explicable in terms of the linkage of initially separate faults. Lateral tip gradients show a large range from 0.035 to 0.6. Fault displacement–length (D–L) relationships plot with considerable scatter. Following previous studies, data points with relatively high D–L ratios are attributed to displacement transfer between overlapping faults; faults with relatively low D–L ratios display linkage of two or more faults. In transfer zones conservation of displacement between the faults ranges from high (> 70%) to low (10–40%). This appears to depend upon whether the faults propagated relatively early (high displacement transfer) or late (low displacement transfer) into overlapping configurations. Where displacement transfer is low, extension appears to be conserved in a broader zone on adjacent mappable faults, with little increase in ductile deformation.
Evolution of the Congo rift basin, West Africa: an inorganic geochemical record in lacustrine shales
Authors: Harris N. B. 
Published: September 2010

The inorganic geochemistry and mineralogy of synrift lacustrine shales from the Early Cretaceous Congo rift basin provide insight into source terrane, palaeoclimate and evolution of rift topography. The basin formed in a Late Proterozoic metamorphic belt as South America and Africa began to separate. Within the synrift section, a late rift sequence (Marnes Noires and Argilles Vertes Formations) can be distinguished from an underlying active rift sequence (Vandji, Sialivakou and Djeno Formations), based on diminished faulting and more uniform subsidence.Provenance did not vary significantly until deposition of the youngest part of the rift sequence. Al2O3/TiO2 and K2O/Na2O ratios, generally constant, rise sharply in upper Marnes Noires and Argilles Vertes, demonstrating decreased contribution from Proterozoic volcanic sources. Parameters including (quartz+feldspar)/total clay and SiO2/Al2O3 suggest that depositional systems reorganized during lower Djeno deposition, possibly due to rejuvenation of faulting. Grain size decreases in the late rift section; however, the parameter SiO2/Al2O3 increases. This is attributed to chemical or biogenic deposition of silica.The proportion of chemical sedimentation increases upward in the synrift section, peaking in the Marnes Noires Formation, where the concentrations of organic carbon and carbonate and the proportion of SiO2 to siliciclastic‐associated elements reach a maximum. This is interpreted as resulting from input of high dissolved chemical load in the late rift stage and is attributed to increased chemical weathering in the basin as rift topography diminishes. The slower flow of ground and surface water to the rift lakes enhanced weathering and dissolution of minerals in rocks and sediments surrounding the rift lake. The carbon isotopic composition of carbonate decreases from +6 at the base of the rift section, associated with carbon from Late Proterozoic carbonates, to 0, indicating increasing contribution of light carbon; the source of light carbon is interpreted as vegetation, which increases as rift topography degrades.
Burial/exhumation histories for the Cooper–Eromanga Basins and implications for hydrocarbon exploration, Eastern Australia
Authors: Mavromatidis Angelos 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe Cooper–Eromanga Basins of South Australia and Queensland are not at their maximum burial depth due to Late Cretaceous–Tertiary, and Late Triassic–Early Jurassic exhumation. Apparent exhumation (maximum burial depth–present burial depth) for the Cooper Basin has been quantified using the compaction methodology. The results show that exhumation of the Cooper Basin for the majority of the wells is greater than the exhumation of the Eromanga Basin. Using the compaction methodology, apparent exhumation of Early to Middle Triassic age Arrabury and Tinchoo Formatios has been quantified. Both units yield similar results and do not support that the Arrabury/Tinchoo boundary represents the Cooper–Eromanga boundary. Hence, the Cooper Basin is believed to have reached its maximum burial depth in Late Triassic times. Sonic log data are not available for the units overlying the Late Cretaceous Winton Formation; thus, it is not possible to date exhumation beyond the Late Cretaceous–Tertiary using the compaction methodology. Tertiary sequences as are preserved are relatively thin and separated by marked unconformities and weathered surfaces; hence, exhumation rather than sedimentation dominated the Tertiary, and in exhumed areas, maximum burial depth was attained in Late Cretaceous times. The burial/exhumation history of representative wells was synthesized using sediment decompaction and establishing porosity/depth relations for the Cooper–Eromanga units. Considering the relative significance of the major periods of exhumation in the Cooper/Eromanga Basins, three broad types of burial/exhumation histories can be distinguished. Maximum burial depth of the Cooper Basin sequence was attained before the deposition of the Eromanga Basin sequence, i.e. Late Triassic–Early Jurassic times; maximum burial depth of the Cooper and Eromanga Basin sequences attained in Late Cretaceous times; and Cooper and Eromanga Basin sequences are currently at maximum burial‐depth. Incorporation of exhumation into burial history has major implications for hydrocarbon exploration.
Lithological control on thrust‐related deformation in the Sassa‐Guardistallo Basin (Northern Apennines hinterland, Italy)
Authors: Feroni Andrea Cerrina , Bonini Marco , Martinelli Patrizia , Moratti Giovanna , Sani Federico , Montanari Domenico , Ventisette Chiara Del 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe Sassa‐Guardistallo Basin (SGB) is located close to the Tyrrhenian Sea and represents one of the most internal Neogene–Quaternary hinterland basins of the Northern Apennines fold‐and‐thrust belt. Its sedimentary succession consists of ca. 400‐m‐thick Late Tortonian–Messinian continental – largely conglomeratic – units overstepping a mainly shaly substratum (Palombini Shales) and overlain by Late Messinian evaporites and marine to continental Pliocene–Pleistocene sediments. This stratigraphic succession can be approximated to a composite rheological multilayer that dictated the style of basin deformation. Detailed geological mapping and structural analysis revealed that basin deposits were affected by compressional deformations that can be found both at map and outcrop scales. Decametric splay thrusts emanating from the substratum–conglomerate interface locally double the continental succession and are bounded by a roof thrust along the Late Messinian evaporite décollement, defining a deformation pattern consistent with a duplex‐like structure. The time–space structural evolution of the basin inferred from the fieldwork was addressed and tested by analogue modelling that approximated the rheological stratification of the study area to a layered brittle–ductile system. The model results support the hypothesis that the evolution of the thrust system affecting the SGB started as an early floor imbricate fan thrust system that successively evolved to a duplex structure as the link thrusts propagated into the upper décollement layer that resulted from the deposition of the Late Messinian evaporites. Models display many structural features that may be compared with the natural prototype, and highlight the importance of syntectonic sedimentation in the development and evolution of tectonic structures. The results of this study retain relevant implications for the Neogene evolution of the Tyrrhenian Basin–Northern Apennines system. This study also supports that combining between field structural analyses and analogue modelling can give useful hints into the evolutionary history of tectonically complex areas.