bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presepsin as a biomarker of bacterial translocation and an indicator for the prescription of probiotics in cirrhosis
Authors: Efremova Irina , Maslennikov Roman , Poluektova Elena , Medvedev Oleg , Kudryavtseva Anna , Krasnov George , Fedorova Maria , Romanikhin Filipp , Zharkova Maria , Zolnikova Oxana , Bagieva Gyunay , Ivashkin Vladimir 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
The gut–liver axis and bacterial translocation are important in cirrhosis, but there is no available universal biomarker of cellular bacterial translocation, for which presepsin may be a candidate.
AIM
To evaluate the relationship of the blood presepsin levels with the state of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis in the absence of obvious infection.
METHODS
This study included 48 patients with Child–Pugh cirrhosis classes B and C and 15 healthy controls. The fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma levels of presepsin were measured. A total of 22 patients received a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii ) for 3 months.
RESULTS
Presepsin levels were higher in patients with cirrhosis than in healthy individuals [342 (91-2875) vs 120 (102-141) pg/mL; P = 0.048]. Patients with elevated presepsin levels accounted for 56.3% of all included patients. They had lower levels of serum albumin and higher levels of serum total bilirubin and overall severity of cirrhosis as assessed using the Child–Pugh scale. Patients with elevated presepsin levels had an increased abundance of the main taxa responsible for bacterial translocation, namely Bacilli and Proteobacteria (including the main class Gammaproteobacteria and the minor taxa Xanthobacteraceae and Stenotrophomonas), and a low abundance of bacteria from the family Lachnospiraceae (including the minor genus Fusicatenibacter), which produce short-chain fatty acids that have a positive effect on intestinal barrier function. The presepsin level directly correlated with the relative abundance of Bacilli, Proteobacteria, and inversely correlated with the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Propionibacteriaceae. After 3 months of taking the probiotic, the severity of cirrhosis on the Child–Pugh scale decreased significantly only in the group with elevated presepsin levels [from 9 (8-11) to 7 (6-9); P = 0.004], while there were no significant changes in the group with normal presepsin levels [from 8 (7-8) to 7 (6-8); P = 0.123]. A high level of presepsin before the prescription of the probiotic was an independent predictor of a greater decrease in Child–Pugh scores (P = 0.046), as well as a higher level of the Child–Pugh scale (P = 0.042), but not the C-reactive protein level (P = 0.679) according to multivariate linear regression analysis.
CONCLUSION
The level of presepsin directly correlates with the abundance in the gut microbiota of the main taxa that are substrates of bacterial translocation in cirrhosis. This biomarker, in the absence of obvious infection, seems important for assessing the state of the gut–liver axis in cirrhosis and deciding on therapy targeted at the gut microbiota in this disease.
Scintillation Climatology from a Software Defined Radio Receiver over Antarctica
Authors: Imam Rayan , Alfonsi Lucilla , Spogli Luca , Cesaroni Claudio , Ebrahimi Mehr Iman , Minetto Alex , Dovis Fabio 
Published: May 2024

Software-Defined Radio (SDR) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers for operational Ionospheric Scintillation Monitoring (ISM) have faced challenges and were deemed failures by many research projects. The need for a highly stable oscillator and a robust real-time signal-tracking capability have been the main challenges. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) led a project called DemoGRAPE (Demonstrator of GNSS Research and Application for Polar Environment) to deploy an SDR GNSS Receiver in SANAE IV Antarctica station, which has been continuously operating since January 2016. The SDR receiver was designed by the Navigation Signal Analysis and Simulation (NavSAS) group in collaboration with the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission. The system deploys the SDR in parallel to a Septentrio PolaRxS ISM receiver. The two receivers are fed by the same receiving antenna (i.e., they share the same field of view and, hence, cross the same portion of the ionosphere) such that they receive quasi-identical signals except for the independent effects of their front-ends. The SDR produces as output a log file, equivalent to the ISM record produced by PolaRxS, that contains the amplitude and phase scintillation indexes. In addition to this, the SDR system records the raw digital samples of the GNSS signal when the internal algorithm of the receiver detects scintillation presence. These data can be used to replicate the scintillation event in the laboratory and perform dedicated post-processing of the raw signal itself. The system has been in operation for over seven years now, spanning more than half a solar cycle. It has recorded several geomagnetic storm events as well as abundant data in quiet conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest dataset of this nature (co-located PolaRxS and SDR receivers). We compare the performance of the two receivers by analyzing the scintillation climatology maps obtainable from both receivers' data. Here, the climatology is obtained using the well-established Ground Based Scintillation Climatology (GBSC) technique from the data provided by the two different receivers. The study shows that the SDR climatology maps under disturbed geomagnetic conditions are equivalent to those obtained from the PolaRxS receiver. Under quiet conditions, the SDR shows more scintillation events than the PolaRxS. Carefully inspecting the differences in the scintillation occurrence between the two receivers, they seem not to happen randomly but mainly concentrated along the expected (climatological) position of the auroral oval. This means that the SDR application for space weather monitoring could be possible and that the SDR could be utilizable as an informative tool by the ionospheric scintillation community.
Cemented and Press-fit Femoral Stems for the Management of Oncologic Femoral Tumors
Authors: Su Marie W. , Groot Oliver Q. , Werenski Joseph O. , Sodhi Alisha , Merchan Nelson , Anderson Megan E. , Heincelman Carrie , Chang Connie Y. , Lozano-Calderon Santiago A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Stem fixation in reconstruction after resection of femoral tumors is debated. Cemented stems offer immediate stability but risk aseptic loosening, while press-fit stems allow bone ingrowth but risk stress shielding and subsidence. Our retrospective review aimed to determine implant failure rates and their associated factors, as well as the rates of infection, debridement, and mortality for both fixation groups (cemented or press-fit stems) used in patients undergoing resection of femoral tumor disease and subsequent arthroplasty.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied 252 patients who underwent resection of femoral tumors and subsequent arthroplasty using cemented (n = 173; 69%) or press-fit (noncemented) (n = 79; 31%) stems between 1999 and 2020. Implant failure was the primary outcome, with secondary outcomes including rates of implant infection, debridement, and mortality. Multivariable regression was done to assess risk factors for implant failures.

Results:
The study found implant failure rates of 11% and 18% for cemented stems and press-fit stems, respectively. Lower stem to diaphyseal ratios (P = 0.024) and younger patients (P = 0.008) were associated with a higher risk of implant failure in cemented stems. The infection rates were 14% and 10% for cemented and press-fit stems, respectively. Debridement rates were 16% and 13% for cemented and press-fit stems, respectively, while the 1-year mortality rate was 16% for cemented stems and 1.5% for press-fit stems.

Conclusions:
This study is the largest of its kind, providing patient characteristics and outcomes in both cemented and press-fit stems in the setting of reconstruction for femoral tumors. Both methods can be effective, with outcomes dependent on patient-specific factors, such as life expectancy, activity level, and body habitus, as well as proper implant fit. Additional studies of both implants and longer follow-up are required to elucidate the optimal fixation method for each individual patient.

Level of evidence:
Level III, retrospective noncomparative study.
Ensino de Química aplicada à saúde: Desenvolvimento de um projeto com a perspectiva transdisciplinar envolvendo o tema Diabetes Mellitus e o metabolismo dos carboidratos
Authors: Alves Eleneide Menezes , Fenner Roniere dos Santos , Nogueira Romildo de Albuquerque 
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa, realizada com professores de diferentes disciplinas, na cidade de Petrolina-PE. O objetivo principal é abordar o ensino da química, através da execução de projetos de escopo transdisciplinar no ensino médio. Escolhemos a temática Diabetes Mellitus, considerando principalmente a relação entre essa síndrome e a química dos alimentos. A metodologia escolhida permitiu auxiliar os professores com os aportes teóricos necessários para a implementação de projetos trandisciplinarres. Para a compreensãoe aplicação da trandisciplinaridade na educaçção, é necessário reconhecer a importância das competências pedagógicas voltadas para lidar com os temas abordados sob essa perspectiva. A observação dos respectivos projetos nas salas de aula permitiu constatar as mudanças didático-pedagógicas dos professores, tomando como parâmetro a descrição de competências, previamente elaboradas, necessárias para implementar projetos transdisciplinares. Com isso foi possível interpretar as opiniões dos docentes no decorrer do projeto. Constata-se, finalmente, que práticas voltadas para a transdisciplinaridade revelam-se instrumentos didáticos que proporcionam uma eficiente avaliação de caráter qualitativo, além de amparar o ensino e aprendizagem de química através da alteração de postura dos professores envolvidos.
Les tiroirs sociologiques de Michel Houellebecq.
Authors: Hildenbrand Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Denis Fleurdorge, L’esprit sociologique de Michel Houellebecq, Montréal : Éditions Liber, coll. « L’imaginaire et le contemporain », 2023, 288 p., EAN 9782895787860.
Des psychanalystes à l’Université
Authors: Maman Laurence , Edelstein Emmanuelle Chaminand 
Published: May 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Fabienne Hulak (dir.), Ce que Lacan nous enseigne, Nîmes, Champ social éditions, 2023, 306 p., EAN 9791034607952
Fatores que afetam a produção e a composição do leite – Proteina
Authors: Negrão Fagton de Mattos , Duarte Júnior Moacir Ferreira , Marques Renata Pereira da Silva , Miranda Emerson Silva , Sousa Daniel de Paula , Cabral Luciano da Silva 
Published: May 2024

Os conceitos de nutrição proteica evoluíram consideravelmente nas últimas décadas e, a partir da década de 1980, o desenvolvimento e o aprimoramento dos ensaios de metabolismo possibilitaram o desenvolvimento do método de exigências fatoriais. Este método divide as necessidades proteicas do animal em necessidades de manutenção e produção, onde as necessidades de manutenção consistem em nitrogênio (N) urinário endógeno, N proveniente da descamação (pele e pelo) e N metabólico fecal, e as necessidades de produção consistem em N necessário para o feto. , crescimento e lactação. Além disso, a amônia presente no rúmen é originária das seguintes fontes: degradação de proteínas verdadeiras e nitrogênio não proteico (NNP) na ração, N reciclado para o rúmen na forma de ureia e degradação de células microbianas mortas no rúmen. A eficácia do uso da amônia pelos microrganismos do rúmen para a síntese microbiana depende principalmente da quantidade de energia disponível. A porção de amônia não utilizada para a síntese microbiana é absorvida através da parede ruminal por difusão e transportada para o fígado através da veia porta. A amônia é absorvida pela parede ruminal na sua forma não ionizada (NH3), enquanto na sua forma ionizada (NH4+) não é absorvida pela parede ruminal. Os aminoácidos são classificados em essenciais e não essenciais e a quantidade e qualidade que chegam ao intestino delgado dos ruminantes é resultado daqueles provenientes da proteína microbiana do rúmen e da fração proteica da dieta não degradada no rúmen. Contudo, a proteína microbiana sintetizada pode não fornecer quantidades suficientes de aminoácidos para atender às necessidades de vacas leiteiras de alta produção. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento de informações visando desmistificar a utilização de diferentes fontes de proteína na produção e composição do leite.
Overview of Animal Models of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Russell Vivienne Ann 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous, highly heritable, behavioral disorder that affects ∼5% to 10% of children worldwide. Although animal models cannot truly reflect human psychiatric disorders, they can provide insight into the disorder that cannot be obtained from human studies because of the limitations of available techniques. Genetic models include the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), the Naples High Excitability (NHE) rat, poor performers in the 5‐choice serial reaction time (5‐CSRT) task, the dopamine transporter (DAT) knock‐out mouse, the SNAP‐25 deficient mutant coloboma mouse, mice expressing a human mutant thyroid hormone receptor, a nicotinic receptor knock‐out mouse, and a tachykinin‐1 (NK1) receptor knock‐out mouse. Chemically induced models of ADHD include prenatal or early postnatal exposure to ethanol, nicotine, polychlorinated biphenyls, or 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). Environmentally induced models have also been suggested; these include neonatal anoxia and rat pups reared in social isolation. The major insight provided by animal models was the consistency of findings regarding the involvement of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and sometimes also serotonergic systems, as well as more fundamental defects in neurotransmission.Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 54:9.35.1‐9.35.25. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Patterns of medication use during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kuriya Bindee , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia , Liu Jun , Bermas Bonnie L. , Daniel Gregory , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize therapies prescribed during pregnancy to women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of women with RA with pregnancies using health care utilization data from 2002–2008. We examined the distribution of RA drugs by therapeutic classes, including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/coxibs, glucocorticoids, nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic DMARDs, during 90‐day pregnancy trimesters and the 180 days prior to pregnancy. Drugs were characterized according to the Food and Drug Administration risk classification system. Differences in exposure by period were determined by chi‐square tests.ResultsA total of 393 pregnancies were identified among 34,169 women with RA. Seventy‐two percent of pregnancies ended in a delivery. Approximately 24% of women with RA received a DMARD during preconception. At any point during pregnancy, 23% of women with deliveries were dispensed ≥1 DMARD and the proportion of use declined from the first to the third trimester (P = 0.03). Similar to DMARD therapy, use of NSAIDs/coxibs and exposure to category D/X medications were significantly lower compared to prepregnancy use (P < 0.05). In contrast, more women were prescribed glucocorticoids during pregnancy than before pregnancy. Use of biologics occurred in 12.5% of pregnancies. Compared to women with deliveries, women who experienced abortions were more frequently exposed to NSAIDs/coxibs (P < 0.05). Dispensing of category D/X medications was also higher in women with spontaneous abortions and primarily involved methotrexate (P < 0.05).ConclusionApproximately 24% of women with RA received a DMARD in the 180 days before conception, and the proportion dropped during pregnancy. Glucocorticoid use remained high throughout pregnancy. Our results suggest that continued efforts directed at counseling women and their physicians about the potential risks/benefits of RA therapies during pregnancy are warranted.
Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Liquid‐Phase Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) with core/shell, heterostructure, or inter­metallic and alloyed structures are emerging as more important materials than monometallic NCs. They are expected to display not only a combination of the properties associated with two distinct metals, but also new properties and capabilities due to a synergy between the two metals. More importantly, bimetallic NCs usually show composition‐dependent surface structure and atomic segregation behavior, and therefore more interesting applied potentials in various fields including electronics, engineering, and catalysis. Compared with monometallic NCs, preparation of bimetallic NCs is much more complicated and difficult to be achieved. In recent years, researchers from many groups have made great efforts in this area. This review highlights the recent progress in the chemical synthesis of bimetallic NCs. The control over morphology, size, composition, and structure of bimetallic NCs as well as the exploration of their properties and applications are discussed.
Brief communication: Preliminary radiocarbon dates from Florida crania in Hrdlička's gulf states catalog
Authors: Stojanowski Christopher M. , Johnson Kent M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAleš Hrdlička produced a tremendous amount of data in his career, much of which was published in a series of catalogs by the US National Museum. The Gulf States catalog, for example, contains raw craniometric data for over 700 individuals from the state of Florida alone. However, many of these skeletons are poorly sourced by Hrdlička, thus limiting their utility in modern bioarchaeological analyses where context is critical. In particular, the age of the skeletal material is often based solely on associated material culture and information on the sites themselves is not presented by Hrdlička. To address this impasse we attempted radiocarbon dates for 10 of the largest Florida sites published in the Gulf States catalog. In addition, archival data in the form of unpublished field notes and personal correspondence were accessed to better contextualize the radiocarbon dates and to provide some guidance on the degree of temporal variability at the sites. Eight AMS radiocarbon dates were successful. Archival data was of variable quality per site. In some cases very little is known about the provenience of the specimens. In other cases, however, individual burials could be allocated to specific strata within specific mounds. The relevance of using published raw data is discussed with respect to the Howells and Boas Immigrant datasets and the impact the dissemination of these resources has had on the discipline. Am J Phys Anthropol 145:163–167, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Locomotor energetics in primates: Gait mechanics and their relationship to the energetics of vertical and horizontal locomotion
Authors: Hanna Jandy B. , Schmitt Daniel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAll primates regularly move within three‐dimensional arboreal environments and must often climb, but little is known about the energetic costs of this critical activity. Limited previous work on the energetics of incline locomotion suggests that there may be differential selective pressures for large compared to small primates in choosing to exploit a complex arboreal environment. Necessary metabolic and gait data have never been collected to examine this possibility and biomechanical mechanisms that might explain size‐based differences in the cost of arboreal movement. Energetics and kinematics were collected for five species of primate during climbing and horizontal locomotion. Subjects moved on a treadmill with a narrow vertical substrate and one with a narrow horizontal substrate at their maximum sustainable speed for 10–20 min while oxygen consumption was monitored. Data during climbing were compared to those during horizontal locomotion and across size. Results show that climbing energetic costs were similar to horizontal costs for small primates (<0.5 kg) but were nearly double for larger species. Spatio‐temporal gait characteristics suggest that the relationship between the cost of locomotion and the rate of force production changes between the two locomotor modes. Thus, the main determinants of climbing costs are fundamentally different from those during horizontal locomotion. These new results combining spatiotemporal and energetic data confirm and expand on our previous argument (Hanna et al.: Science 320 (2008) 898) that similar costs of horizontal and vertical locomotion in small primates facilitated the successful occupation of a fine‐branch arboreal milieu by the earliest primates. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene triblock copolymer‐g‐polylactic acid copolymer and its potential application as a toughener for polylactic acid
Authors: Qi Rongrong , Luo Mengni , Huang Mark 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe copolymer of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene triblock copolymer‐g‐polylactic acid (SEBS‐g‐PLA) was successfully prepared using a novel solvothermal synthetic method, in which the graft copolymerization of PLA and SEBS was simply performed in cholorform solution at 100–150°C with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The effect of various factors including the reaction temperature and time and the content of BPO and PLA on the graft copolymerization was investigated in detail. It is found that the optimal reaction condition for the grafted copolymers SEBS‐g‐PLA was 120°C for 5 h, while the optimal formulation of SEBS/PLA/BPO was 5 g/2 g/0.5 g in 30 mL chloroform. The properties and microstructures of the obtained SEBS‐g‐PLA copolymers were also studied. The tensile strength and elongation at break were higher than that of pure SEBS and improved with the increase of grafting degree. In addition, SEBS‐g‐PLA copolymer possessed two‐phase structure with vague phase boundaries. The as‐prepared SEBS‐g‐PLA copolymers can be used as the toughening component to improve the impact strength of PLA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011