bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human brain mass: Similar body composition associations as observed across mammals
Authors: Heymsfield Steven B. , Müller Manfred J. , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Thomas Diana , Shen Wei 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives:A classic association is the link between brain mass and body mass across mammals that has now been shown to derive from fat‐free mass (FFM) and not fat mass (FM). This study aimed to establish for the first time the associations between human brain mass and body composition and to compare these relations with those established for liver as a reference organ.Methods:Subjects were 112 men and 148 women who had brain and liver mass measured by magnetic resonance imaging with FM and FFM measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.Results:Brain mass scaled to height (H) with powers of ≤0.6 in men and women; liver mass and FFM both scaled similarly as H∼2. The fraction of FFM as brain thus scaled inversely to height (P < 0.001) while liver mass/FFM was independent of height. After controlling for age, brain, and liver mass were associated with FFM while liver was additionally associated with FM (all models P ≤ 0.01). After controlling for age and sex, FFM accounted for ∼5% of the variance in brain mass while levels were substantially higher for liver mass (∼60%). Brain mass was significantly larger (P < 0.001) in men than in women, even after controlling for age and FFM.Conclusions:As across mammals, human brain mass associates significantly, although weakly, with FFM and not FM; the fraction of FFM as brain relates inversely to height; brain differs in these relations from liver, another small high metabolic rate organ; and the sexual dimorphism in brain mass persists even after adjusting for age and FFM. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Student perceptions of an upper‐level, undergraduate human anatomy laboratory course without cadavers
Authors: Wright Shirley J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSeveral programs in health professional education require or are considering requiring upper‐level human anatomy as prerequisite for their applicants. Undergraduate students are confronted with few institutions offering such a course, in part because of the expense and logistical issues associated with a cadaver‐based human anatomy course. This study describes the development of and student reactions to an upper‐level human anatomy laboratory course for undergraduate students that used a regional approach and contemporary, alternative teaching methods to a cadaver‐based course. The alternative pedagogy to deliver the curriculum included use of commercially available, three‐dimensional anatomical virtual dissection software, anatomical models coupled with a learning management system to offer Web‐based learning, and a new laboratory manual with collaborative exercises designed to develop the student's anatomical skills and collaborative team skills. A Likert‐scale survey with open‐ended questions was used to ascertain student perceptions of the course and its various aspects. Students perceived that the noncadaver‐based, upper‐level human anatomy course with an engaging, regional approach is highly valuable in their learning of anatomy. anatomy. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
A qualitative assessment of human cadavers embalmed by Thiel's method used in laparoscopic training for renal resection
Authors: Prasad Rai Bhavan , Tang Benjie , Eisma Roos , Soames Roger W. , Wen Haitao , Nabi Ghulam 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHuman cadaveric tissue is the fundamental substrate for basic anatomic and surgical skills training. A qualitative assessment of the use of human cadavers preserved by Thiel's method for a British Association of Urological Surgeons—approved, advanced laparoscopic renal resection skills training course is described in the present study. Four trainees and four experienced laparoscopic surgeons participated in the course. All participants completed a five‐point Likert scale satisfaction questionnaire after their training sessions. The quality of cadaveric tissue and the training session were assessed with particular emphasis placed on the ease of patient positioning, the ease of trocar placement, the preservation of tissue planes, the ease of renal pedicle dissection, and the quality of tissue preservation. All of the participants highly rated the quality of the cadaveric tissue embalmed by Thiel's method (mean scores for quality on the five‐point Likert scale were 4.5 and 4.3 by the trainees and experienced laparoscopic surgeons, respectively). All of the steps of laparoscopic renal resection were rated 4.0 or more on the Likert scale by both trainees and faculty members. The initial response rates for using a human cadaver embalmed by Thiel's method as a training tool for laparoscopic nephrectomy showed encouraging results. The performance of a laparoscopic nephrectomy on a human cadaver embalmed by Thiel's method bears close resemblance to real laparoscopic nephrectomy procedures, and thus demonstrates added advantages to the previously reported models. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Effects of 3D microwell culture on growth kinetics and metabolism of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Azarin Samira M. , Larson Elise A. , Almodóvar‐Cruz Janice M. , de Pablo Juan J. , Palecek Sean P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold potential in the field of tissue engineering, given their capacity for both limitless self‐renewal and differentiation to any adult cell type. However, several limitations, including the ability to expand undifferentiated cells and efficiently direct differentiation at scales needed for commercial cell production, prevent realizing the potential of hESCs in tissue engineering. Numerous studies have illustrated that three‐dimensional (3D) culture systems provide microenvironmental cues that affect hESC pluripotency and differentiation fates, but little is known about how 3D culture affects cell expansion. Here, we have used a 3D microwell array to model the differences in hESC growth kinetics and metabolism in two‐dimensional (2D) versus 3D cultures. Our results demonstrated that 3D microwell culture reduced hESC size and proliferative capacity, and impacted cell cycle dynamics, lengthening the G1 phase and shortening the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. However, glucose and lactate metabolism were similar in 2D and 3D cultures. Elucidating the effects of 3D culture on growth and metabolism of hESCs may facilitate efforts for developing integrated, scalable cell expansion and differentiation processes with these cells.
Hydration of Saccharides: Estimation of Reaction Properties and Equilibrium Conversion
Authors: Lobanova O. , Müller K. , Mokrushina L. , Arlt W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBiomass holds great promise as a renewable source of hydrogen and thus as a zero‐emission, carbon‐neutral, and nearly inexhaustible energy resource. Thermodynamic analysis of biomass hydration is carried out to study the reaction properties considering a series of saccharides as a model. Equilibrium constants and composition are estimated in dependence on the saccharide chain length and temperature. The latter is also studied as a function of the reactant ratios and in the presence of nonreacting additives. Being highly endothermic, the reaction is thermodynamically favorable due to a high entropic contribution. Increase in the saccharide chain length affects the conversion only slightly, so the results for low‐molecular‐weight saccharides can be transferred to long‐chain ones.
New Hyperbranched Polytriazoles Containing Isolation Chromophore Moieties Derived from AB4 Monomers through Click Chemistry under Copper(I) Catalysis: Improved Optical Transparency and Enhanced NLO Effects
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Ye Cheng , Yu Gui , Liu Yunqi , Qin Jingui , Li Zhen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBy modifying a synthetic procedure, two new hyperbranched polytriazoles (HP1 and HP2) containing isolation chromophores were synthesized successfully through click chemistry reactions under copper(I) catalysis. For the first time, these two polymers were derived from an AB4‐type monomer, although they contain different end‐capping chromophores. They are soluble in normal polar organic solvents and are well characterized. Thanks to the presence of the isolation chromophore, the two polymers demonstrate good nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and optical transparency, making them promising candidates for practical applications.
Multi‐Use NBD‐Based Tetra‐amino Macrocycle: Fluorescent Probe for Metals and Anions and Live Cell Marker
Authors: Amatori Stefano , Ambrosi Gianluca , Fanelli Mirco , Formica Mauro , Fusi Vieri , Giorgi Luca , Macedi Eleonora , Micheloni Mauro , Paoli Paola , Pontellini Roberto , Rossi Patrizia , Varrese Maria Antonietta 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLigand L (4‐(7‐nitrobenzo[1,2,5]oxadiazole‐4‐yl)‐1,7‐dimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetra‐azacyclododecane) is a versatile fluorescent sensor useful for CuII, ZnII and CdII metal detection, as a building block of fluorescent metallo‐receptor for halide detection, and as an organelle marker inside live cells. Ligand L undergoes a chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect upon metal coordination in acetonitrile solution. In all three complexes investigated the metal cation is coordinatively unsaturated; thus, it can bind secondary ligands as anionic species. The crystal structure of [ZnLCl](ClO4) is discussed. CuII and ZnII complexes are quenched upon halide interaction, whereas the [CdL]2+ species behaves as an OFF–ON sensor for halide anions in acetonitrile solution. The mechanism of the fluorescence response in the presence of the anion depends on the nature of the metal ion employed and has been studied by spectroscopic methods, such as NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis and fluorescence techniques and by computational methods. Subcellular localization experiments performed on HeLa cells show that L mainly localizes in spot‐like structures in a polarized portion of the cytosol that is occupied by the Golgi apparatus to give a green fluorescence signal.
Elongated Thrombin Binding Aptamer: A G‐Quadruplex Cation‐Sensitive Conformational Switch
Authors: De Rache Aurore , Kejnovská Iva , Vorlíčková Michaela , Buess‐Herman Claudine 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAptamer‐based biosensors offer promising perspectives for high performance, specific detection of proteins. The thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) is a G‐quadruplex‐forming DNA sequence, which is frequently elongated at one end to increase its analytical performances in a biosensor configuration. Herein, we investigate how the elongation of TBA at its 5′ end affects its structure and stability. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that TBA folds in an antiparallel G‐quadruplex conformation with all studied cations (Ba2+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, NH4+, Sr2+ and the [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ redox marker) whereas other structures are adopted by the elongated aptamers in the presence of some of these cations. The stability of each structure is evaluated on the basis of UV spectroscopy melting curves. Thermal difference spectra confirm the quadruplex character of all conformations. The elongated sequences can adopt a parallel or an antiparallel structure, depending on the nature of the cation; this can potentially confer an ion‐sensitive switch behavior. This switch property is demonstrated with the frequently employed redox complex [Ru(NH3)6]3+, which induces the parallel conformation at very low concentrations (10 equiv per strand). The addition of large amounts of K+ reverts the conformation to the antiparallel form, and opens interesting perspectives for electrochemical biosensing or redox‐active responsive devices.
Dendron‐Containing Tetraphenylethylene Compounds: Dependence of Fluorescence and Photocyclization Reactivity on the Dendron Generation
Authors: Huang Guangxi , Ma Baode , Chen Jianming , Peng Qian , Zhang Guanxin , Fan Qinghua , Zhang Deqing 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of four dendron‐containing tetraphenylethylenes (TPEs), 11–14, were synthesized, along with a TPE compound that contained four OCH2Ph groups (referred to as 10) for comparison. Photophysical studies revealed that the TPE core became emissive after linking dendrons onto its periphery. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity was significantly enhanced when high‐generation dendrons were linked onto the TPE core; the fluorescence intensity increased in the following order: 11<12<13<14. This phenomenon was tentatively attributed to an enhancement in the energy barrier for internal rotation and torsion of the TPE core to which four dendrons were connected. In addition, the photocyclization of the TPE core into the respective 9,10‐diphenylphenanthrene was facilitated when high‐generation dendrons were linked to the TPE core. Again, the photocycliztion reactivity increased in the following order: 11<12<13<14. We found that the fluorescence and photocyclization reactivity of TPE could be modulated by covalent interactions with dendrons, and such modulation was strongly dependent on the dendron‐generation.
ChemInform Abstract: LiGaGe2Se6: A New IR Nonlinear Optical Material with Low Melting Point.
Authors: Mei Dajiang , Yin Wenlong , Feng Kai , Lin Zheshuai , Bai Lei , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe new title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Li2Se, GeSe2, and Ga2Se3 (700 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Relaxor Behavior in a New Aurivillius Oxide — Bi2La0.5Sr0.5Nb1.75 Sc0.25O9.
Authors: Sivakumar Thathan , Itoh Mitsuru 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe new n = 2 Aurivillius phase of title is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Bi2O3, SrCO3, Nb2O5, and Sc2O3 (1273 K and 1323 K, 12 h each).
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Cost Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Counter Electrodes for High‐Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells.
Authors: Xin Xukai , He Ming , Han Wei , Jung Jaehan , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCu1.51Zn1.00Sn1.45S3.61 nanoparticles are prepared by injecting a solution of sulfur in oleylamine into a mixture of copper(II) acetylacetonate, zinc acetylacetonate, tin(IV) bis(acetylacetonate) dibromide, and oleylamine (225 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Pyrostannate, Bi2Sn2O7, from the First Structurally Characterized Heterobimetallic Bi:Sn Alkoxides.
Authors: Andrews Philip C. , Junk Peter C. , Nuzhnaya Iryna , Thielemann Dominique T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe structures of (III) and (IV) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Two {Mo36}‐Containing Polymolybdates: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Spectral Characterizations.
Authors: Han Zhangang , Pei Wenbo , Xie Jingli , Zhou Yang , Ren Xiao‐Ming 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCompounds (II) and (IV) are characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures, and Magnetic Properties of LiLn9Mo16O35 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, and Nd) Compounds Containing the Original Cluster Mo16O36.
Authors: Gougeon Patrick , Gall Philippe , Cuny Jerome , Gautier Regis , Le Polles Laurent , Delevoye Laurent , Trebosc Julien 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe new title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of Li2MoO4, Ln2O3 (Ln: La, Nd) , Pr6O11, or CeO2, MoO3, and Mo (Mo crucible, Ar, 1600 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: CdCu3(OH)6Cl2: A New Layered Hydroxide Chloride.
Authors: McQueen T. M. , Han T. H. , Freedman D. E. , Stephens P. W. , Lee Y. S. , Nocera D. G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe new title compound is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of CdCl2 and Cu(OH)2 (H2O, autoclave, 130 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanoparticle Supported Polyoxometalates (POMs) via Non‐Covalent Interaction: Reusable Acid Catalysts and Catalyst Supports for Chiral Amines.
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxi , Zhang Long , Li Jiuyuan , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNovel types of non‐covalently immobilized polyoxometalate (POM) catalysts using magnetic nanoparticles as support are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Three‐Component Synthesis of Crowded Arenes with Donor—Acceptor Substitution.
Authors: Fichtler Robert , Neudoerfl Joerg‐M. , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe two‐step, one‐pot protocol utilizes dienophiles, aldehydes, and carboxamides and relies upon the sequential combination of condensation, cycloaddition, and oxidation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Method to Introduce Carbon Acid Functionality: 2,2‐Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)ethylation Reaction of Arenes.
Authors: Yanai Hikaru , Ogura Hiroshi , Fukaya Haruhiko , Kotani Akira , Kusu Fumiyo , Taguchi Takeo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Tf2CH‐CH2 functionality is introduced to a wide range of phenols or phenol ethers ortho to the hydroxy or ether group.
ChemInform Abstract: Teflon AF‐2400 Mediated Gas—Liquid Contact in Continuous Flow Methoxycarbonylations and in‐line FTIR Measurement of CO Concentration.
Authors: Koos Peter , Gross Ulrike , Polyzos Anastasios , O'Brien Matthew , Baxendale Ian , Ley Steven V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUsing Teflon AF‐2400 to mediate gas‐liquid contact in a concentric Tube‐in‐Tube configuration enables the continuous flow palladium‐catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of alkyl and aryl iodides in a reliable manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Arene C—H Bonds with Methyl‐ and Arylboron Reagents Assisted by the Removable 2‐Pyridylsulfinyl Group.
Authors: Romero‐Revilla Jose A. , Garcia‐Rubia Alfonso , Gomez‐Arrayas Ramon , Fernandez‐Ibanez M. Angeles , Carretero Juan C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIt allows and efficient access to toluenes and biphenyl derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Binaphthol‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Arylboration of Enones.
Authors: Turner Heather M. , Patel Jignesh , Niljianskul Nootaree , Chong J. Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBoth naphthol‐derived catalysts (I) are effective for the reaction of enols with boronates.
ChemInform Abstract: Research on the Synthesis of Aromatic Hydrazone in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Wang Haibin , Sun Li , Li Xiaonian , Duan Jiangli , Pei Wen 
Published: February 2012

Abstract[bmim]BF4 is shown to be the best‐suited ionic liquid for the synthesis of aromatic hydrazones of type (II) from the corresponding ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,6‐Bis‐arylmethyloxy‐5‐hydroxychromones with Antiviral Activity Against Both Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and SARS‐Associated Coronavirus (SCV).
Authors: Chong Youhoon , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and antiviral evaluation of a series of novel 2,6‐diarylmethoxychromones (IX) (7 examples) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridinyl Directed Alkenylation with Olefins via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Cleavage of Secondary Arylmethanols.
Authors: Li Hu , Li Yang , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Chen Kang , Wang Xin , Shi Zhang‐Jie 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis novel transformation occurs with high efficiency and excellent E‐selectivity under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligustrazine Derivatives. Part 5. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Ligustrazinyloxy‐Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Potent Cardiovascular Agents.
Authors: Chen Hongfei , Li Guoning , Zhan Peng , Liu Xinyong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCompound (VIIIa) is found to be the most active anti‐platelet agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiroheterocycles Derived from Benzo[f]chromanone.
Authors: Pati Anita , Mohapatra Snigdha , Behera Rajani K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of a class of hitherto unreported spiro derivatives containing a benzochromanone moiety via very simple cyclocondensation reactions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: NiCl2(PMe3)2‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Morita Tomoyuki , Takagi Jun , Yamakawa Tetsu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe reaction uses metal 2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxide as a unique base, generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Carbocycle‐Fused Mono and Bis‐1,2,3‐selenadiazoles and Their Antimicrobial and Antimycobacterial Studies.
Authors: Chitra Selvam , Paul Nidhin , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Manisankar Paramasivam , Yogeeswari Perumal , Sriram Dharmarajan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMono‐ and bisselenadiazoles are obtained by oxidative cyclization of mono‐and bissemicarbazones of cyclohexanone derivatives (I) using selenium(IV) oxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aziridination of Cyclic Enones Using Chiral Diamine Catalysts and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of (—)‐Agelastatin A.
Authors: Menjo Yasuhiro , Hamajima Akinari , Sasaki Neri , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe reaction is applied to five‐ to seven‐membered cycloalkenones to afford the desired aziridines with excellent enantioselectivities.
Declining In‐Hospital Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery in the United States Irrespective of Presence of Type 2 Diabetes or Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Movahed Mohammad Reza , Ramaraj Radhakrishnan , Khoynezhad Ali , Hashemzadeh Mehrnoosh , Hashemzadeh Mehrtash 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:Significant advances in surgical techniques and postsurgical care have been made in the last 10 years. The goal of this study was to evaluate any decline in the age‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality rate of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using a national database from 1989 to 2004 in the United States.Hypothesis:Reduction in CABG related mortality in recent years.Methods:Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, we obtained specific ICD‐9‐CM codes for CABG to compile the data. To exclude nonatherosclerotic cause of coronary disease, we studied only patients older than 40 years. We calculated total and age‐adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 for this period.Results:The NIS database contained 1 145 285 patients who had CABG performed from 1988 to 2004. The mean age for these patients was 71.05 ± 9.20 years. From 1989, the age‐adjusted rate for all CABG‐related mortality has been decreasing steadily and reached the lowest level in 2004: 300.3 per 100 000 in 1989, (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.4‐575.9) and 104.69 per 100 000 (95% CI, 22.6‐186.7) in 2004. Total death also declined from 5.5% to 3.06%. This decline occurred irrespective of comorbidities such as congestive heart failure, diabetes, or acute myocardial infarction, albeit increasing the number of CABG procedures performed in high‐risk patients.Conclusions:The age‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality rate from CABG has been declining steadily and reached its lowest level in 2004, irrespective of comorbidities. This decline most likely reflects advances in surgical techniques and the use of evidence‐based medicine in patients undergoing CABG. Clin. Cardiol. 2011 DOI: 10.1002/clc.21970The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.