bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudo‐dynamics model of a cantilever beam for animating flexible leaves and branches in wind field
Authors: Hu Shaojun , Fujimoto Tadahiro , Chiba Norishige 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present a pseudo‐dynamics model of a cantilever beam to visually simulate motions of leaves and branches in a wind field by considering the influence of natural frequency (f0) and damping ratio (e). Our pseudo‐dynamics model consists of a static equilibrium model, which can handle the bending of a curved beam loaded by an arbitrary force in three‐dimensions, and a dynamic motion model that describes the dynamic response of the beam subjected to turbulence. Using the static equilibrium model, we can apply it to controlling the free bending of petioles and branches. Furthermore, we extend it to a surface deformation model that can deform some flexible laminae. Based on a mass spring system, we analyze the property of dynamic response of a cantilever beam in turbulence with various combinations off0ande, and we give some guidelines to determine the combination types of branches and leaves according to their shapes and stiffness. The main advantage of our techniques is that we are able to deform curved branches and some flexible leaves dynamically by taking account of their structures. Finally, we demonstrate that our proposed method is effective by showing various motions of leaves and branches with different model parameters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptually motivated automatic dance motion generation for music
Authors: Kim Jae Woo , Fouad Hesham , Sibert John L. , Hahn James K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a novel method to automatically generate synchronized dance motion that is perceptually matched to a given musical piece. The proposed method extracts 30 musical features from musical data as well as 37 motion features from motion data. A matching process is then performed between the two feature spaces considering the correspondence of the relative changes in both feature spaces and the correlations between musical and motion features. Similarity matrices are introduced to match the amount of relative changes in both feature spaces and correlation coefficients are used to establish the correlations between musical features and motion features by measuring the strength of correlation between each pair of the musical and motion features. By doing this, the progressions of musical and dance motion patterns and perceptual changes between two consecutive musical and motion segments are matched. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we designed and carried out a user opinion study to assess the perceived quality of the proposed approach. The statistical analysis of the user study results showed that the proposed approach generated results that were significantly better than those produced using a random walk through the dance motion database. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guaranteeing packet order in IBWR optical packet switches with parallel iterative schedulers
Authors: Rodelgo‐Lacruz M. , Pavón‐Mariño P. , González‐Castaño F. J. , García‐Haro J. , López‐Bravo C. , Veiga‐Gonátn J. , Gil‐Castiñeira F. , Raffaelli C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe input‐buffered wavelength‐routed (IBWR) switch is a scalable switch fabric for optical packet switching (OPS) networks. In synchronous operation, when optical packets are of a fixed duration and aligned at switch inputs, the scheduling of this architecture can be characterised by a type of bipartite graph matching problem. This challenges the design of feasible algorithms in terms of implementation complexity and response time. A previous work presented and evaluated the insistent parallel desynchronized block matching (I‐PDBM) algorithm for the IBWR switch. I‐PDBM is a parallel iterative scheduler with a good performance and a simple hardware implementation. However, the algorithm does not maintain the packet sequence. In this paper, we present the I‐PDBM algorithm with packet ordering (OI‐PDBM), which prevents mis‐sequencing and behaves as I‐PDBM in terms of delay, buffer requirements and convergence speed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic approach for output SINR computation at SC diversity systems with correlated Nakagami‐m fading
Authors: Milović Daniela M. , Stefanović Mihajlo , Pokrajac Dragoljub M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we derive the cumulative distribution function of the signal‐to‐interference + ,noise ratio (SINR) achieved by the selection combining (SC) diversity receiver operating over correlated Nakagami‐m channel in the presence of co‐channel interference. Numerical and simulation results are presented to show the effects of fading severity and signal and interference imbalance on the system's performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outage performance of distributed antenna systems over shadowed Nakagami‐mfading channels
Authors: Chen Hua‐Min , Wang Jun‐Bo , Chen Ming 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper focuses on the distributed antenna system (DAS) over shadowed Nakagami‐mfading channels, and derives an approximate analytical expression for the outage probability. The simulation results show that the approximate analytical expression can provide sufficient precision for evaluating the outage performance of DAS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confirmation of Sigillaria Brongniart as a coal‐forming plant in Cathaysia: occurrence from an Early Permian autochthonous peat‐forming flora in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Wang Jun , Feng Zhuo , Zhang Yi , Wang Shi‐Jun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA common lycopsid genus, Sigillaria Brongniart, has been recorded most frequently in peat‐forming forests in Europe and North America, but rarely in China. Although Sigillaria, in China, has been found in coal balls and used as evidence that it was a coal‐forming element, it has never been recorded as compression/impressions in peat‐forming settings. Recent investigation of an Early Permian autochthonous peat‐forming flora of the Taiyuan Formation near Wuda, Inner Mongolia, has provided evidence that Sigillaria could be a major element of peat‐forming vegetation in China. Sigillaria is the only arborescent lycopsid acting as a major contributor to peat/coal formation. The genus Sigillaria is another element that China has in common with the Palaeozoic low‐land floras of Europe and North America, enhancing the common floral aspects between the tropical swamp vegetations of the east and west regions of the Palaeotethys Ocean. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐packin' in the UK
Authors: Walton Peter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA pre‐pack administration is one where a deal has already been agreed prior to the company entering administration. The company's business will commonly be sold to the incumbent management team immediately the company is placed into administration. The business survives relatively intact but will have managed to jettison its unsecured debt. The business is saved and jobs are saved. The pre‐pack will usually require the support of the company's bankers. Recent research suggests that pre‐packs may constitute between 50% and 80% of all insolvent going concern sales. The UK version of a pre‐packaged administration appears to have been rare until the administration process under the Insolvency Act 1986 was significantly amended in 2002, permitting a company to be placed into administration without a court order. The UK version of pre‐packaged administration does not involve any plan being approved by different classes of creditor nor for the court to be involved in approving activities of the administrator before or after the plan is put into effect. The paper considers whether or not pre‐pack administrations fit into the statutory framework of the Insolvency Act, the professional ethics requirements of being an insolvency practitioner and the equitable rules governing fiduciaries. Some aspects of the policy underpinning pre‐packs are also considered in particular the decision to allow insolvency practitioners to claim pre‐appointment fees as an expense of the administration. This decision appears to herald a change in government policy. This policy change is also considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of agro‐waste material main components (hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin) to the removal of chromium (III) from aqueous solution
Authors: Garcia‐Reyes Refugio Bernardo , Rangel‐Mendez Jose Rene 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Agro‐waste materials can be used as biosorbents of heavy metals in aqueous solution. However, it is necessary to further study the contribution of agro‐waste materials components (i.e. hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin) to the heavy metal ions removal from aqueous solution to better understand the biosorption mechanism, and also based on the biosorbents main components, to predict their potential to remove heavy metals.RESULTS: Cellulose is contained in major proportion (greater than 46%) in the agro‐waste materials reported herein compared with hemicelluloses (from 12% to 26%), lignin (varying from 3% to 10%), and other compounds (22% to 30%) that were removed after the neutral detergent fiber procedure. The identified functional groups in agro‐waste materials and their fractions included hydroxyl, carboxyl, and nitrogen‐containing compounds. Lignin contributed in higher proportion than hemicelluloses to Cr (III) adsorption capacity in both sorghum straw and oats straw. On the other hand lignin was the main fraction responsible for Cr (III) adsorption in agave bagasse.CONCLUSION: Hemicelluloses and lignin were the main contributors to Cr (III) removal from aqueous solution, and cellulose contained in the agro‐waste adsorbents studied did not seem to participate. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced hydrogenotrophic sulfate reduction using Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough cells permeabilized with ethanol
Authors: Xu Huiwei , Zhang Xu , Li Liming , Li Guanghe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Low substrate (H2) availability restricts microbial sulfate reduction when H2 is used as an electron donor. In order to enhance hydrogenotrophic sulfate conversion, Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) cells permeabilized with ethanol were used as whole‐cell biocatalysts.RESULTS: Cell growth was retarded after permeabilization. The maximum ethanol percentage for the recovery of cell proliferation was 15% (v/v) when permeabilization process duration was 30 min at 4 °C. Cells treated with 10% ethanol achieved 1.7‐fold measurable hydrogenase activity compared with the control, while hydrogenase activity decreased remarkably with further increase in ethanol percentage. The 10% ethanol‐treated cells were also shown to have the highest metabolic activity, 2.31‐fold higher than the control. The accelerated metabolic activity was resulted from the enhancement of accessibility to substrate and product efflux due to increased permeability of the cell envelope when 10–15% ethanol was used High ethanol percentages caused cytoplasm leakage and interruption of the electron transfer chain and consequently loss of metabolic activity.CONCLUSION: The utilization of DvH cells permeabilized by 10–15% ethanol solutions with both cell viability and ability to reproduce being maintained promoted hydrogenotrophic sulfate reduction. These preliminary data may contribute to an enhancement of the bioprocess in sulfidogenic reactors. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Daily doses of light in relation to the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in diluted three‐phase olive mill wastewater
Authors: Hodaifa Gassan , Martínez Mª Eugenia , Sánchez Sebastián 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of olive‐oil mill wastewater (OMW) from a three‐phase centrifugation process used in the olive‐oil industry, has been studied in relation to the production of the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus CCAP 276/3A. The chemical characteristics of OMW indicated nitrogen deficiency.RESULTS: S. obliquus is able to assimilate nutrients present in a culture medium (water‐OMW 5%) and grow at its maximum specific growth rate of 0.026 h−1, both under mixotrophic as well as heterotrophic conditions. The different daily doses of light (DDL) used, in the range 0–36 E m−2 d−1, determined light‐limited and light‐inhibited cultures. The light‐inhibited mixotrophic cultures bore characteristics similar to those of the heterotrophic cultures, and became more so when the dose of light received was higher. The low protein yield (258 mg g−1) and high percentage of carbohydrates of the biomass (65.8%) confirmed a nutritional‐stress situation associated with nitrogen limitation.CONCLUSION: The similarity between the fatty‐acid composition of the heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures strongly inhibited by light appeared to indicate the cancelling of the photosynthetic behaviour of the cells at high DDL values. The biomass generated can be used for biofuels. The maximum elimination of biological oxygen demand (BOD5) per unit of biomass was achieved in the heterotrophic cultures. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and biological evaluation of [carboxyl‐11C]eprosartan
Authors: Åberg Ola , Lindhe Örjan , Hall Håkan , Hellman Per , Kihlberg Tor , Långström Bengt 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEssential hypertension occurs in approximately 25% of the adult population and one cause of hypertension is primary aldosteronism. Targeting the angiotensin II AT1 receptor using PET and an appropriate tracer may offer a diagnostic method for adrenocortical tissue. This report describes the synthesis of the selective AT1 receptor antagonist [carboxyl‐11C]eprosartan 10, 4‐[2‐butyl‐5‐((E)‐2‐carboxy‐3‐thiophen‐2‐yl‐propenyl)‐imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl]‐[carboxyl‐11C]benzoic acid, and its precursor (E)‐3‐[2‐butyl‐3‐(4‐iodo‐benzyl)‐3H‐imidazol‐4‐yl]‐2‐thiophen‐2‐ylmethyl‐acrylic acid 9. 11C‐carboxylation of the iodobenzyl moiety was performed using a palladium‐mediated reaction with [11C]carbon monoxide in the presence of tetra‐n‐butyl‐ammonium hydroxide in a micro‐autoclave using a temperature gradient from 25 to 140°C over 5 min. After purification by semipreparative HPLC, [carboxyl‐11C]eprosartan 10 was obtained in 37–54% decay‐corrected radiochemical yield (from [11C]carbon monoxide) with a radiochemical purity >95% within 35 min of the end of bombardment (EOB). A 5‐µAh bombardment gave 2.04 GBq of 10 (50% rcy from [11C]carbon monoxide) with a specific activity of 160 GBq µmol−1 at 34 min after EOB. Frozen‐section autoradiography shows specific binding in kidney, lung and adrenal cortex. In vivo experiments in rats demonstrate a high accumulation in kidney, liver and intestinal wall. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The preparation of 2‐O‐[1′‐14C]arachidonoyl‐1‐O‐stearoyl‐sn‐glycerol
Authors: Duclos Richard I. , Gatley S. John , Bhatt Shachi R. , Johnston Meghan 
Published: June 2009

Abstract2‐O‐Arachidonoyl‐1‐O‐stearoyl‐sn‐glycerol is the most abundant molecular species of the 1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerol signaling lipids in neural tissue. The facile preparation of 2‐O‐[1′‐14C]arachidonoyl‐1‐O‐stearoyl‐sn‐glycerol from 2‐O‐[1′‐14C]arachidonoyl‐1‐O‐stearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine at a hexane and phosphate buffer interface with phospholipase C was demonstrated on a 20 µCi scale in 83% radiochemical yield. The specific activity of the product 2‐O‐[1′‐14C]arachidonoyl‐1‐O‐stearoyl‐sn‐glycerol was 57.0 mCi/mmol and the radiochemical purity was determined to be >99% by TLC. The hydrolysis of this lipid biosynthetic intermediate with lipoprotein lipase was shown to produce 2‐O‐[1′‐14C]arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG). The 14C‐radiolabeled monoacylglycerol 2‐AG is an endogenous cannabinoid receptor‐signaling molecule (endocannabinoid). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational properties of graphene and graphene layers
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Yufang , Cao Xuewei , Feng Min , Lan Guoxiang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe phonon dispersions of graphene and graphene layers are theoretically investigated within fifth‐nearest‐neighbor force‐constant approach. Based on their symmetry groups, the number of Raman‐ and infrared‐active modes at the Γ point is given. Interatomic force constants are recalculated by fitting them to experimental phonon energy dispersion curves. Wavenumbers of optically active modes are presented as a function of number of layers (n). Our calculated results reproduce well the experimental data of G peak for graphene (1587 cm−1) and graphite (1581.6 cm−1) and clearly give the relation that ωG = 1581.6 + 11/(1 + n1.6). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soya bean yield variability in the Argentine Pampas in relation to synoptic weather types: monitoring implications
Authors: Bettolli M. Laura , Vargas Walter M. , Penalba Olga C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper analyses the soya bean yield variability in the Argentine Pampas in relation to the atmospheric circulation patterns in southern South America. The region studied is the main soya bean production area in Argentina and contributes a high percentage to world trade in soya beans and their by‐products.Two datasets were used: the soya bean yield series of 58 provincial districts and daily average fields of 1000 and 500 hPa geopotential height corresponding to the NCEP_Reanalysis 2 in the period 1979–2001. Adverse impacts on final yield may be mainly associated to weather types (WTs) related to intense rainfall during harvest time (April and May) and to structures which favour stability and warm advection in the summer at lower levels. The thermal effect on soya bean may be observed in the WTs whose configuration of anomalies favours the incursion of cold air at the lower levels contributing to low temperatures during seed germination and early vegetative growth stages. Positive impacts may be associated with WTs that reduce thermal stress during flowering and pod set stages (summer) and WTs which favour stability at harvest time (April).In general terms, atmospheric circulation structures have been identified as elements which may be added to the set of climate predictors to explain a part of interannual yield variability. The structures found have direct implications for short and middle term forecasts. They constitute a primary element for the monitoring of the growing season of the soya bean crop and for planning strategies. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Solving discretized degenerate optimal control problems with state constraints
Authors: Avelino Catarina P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a class of nonlinear optimization problems that arise from the discretization of optimal control problems with bounds on both state and control variables. We are particularly interested in degenerate cases, i.e. when the linear independence constraint qualification is not satisfied. For these problems, we analyse the basic global convergence properties and the numerical behaviour of a multiplier method that updates multipliers corresponding to inequality constraints instead of dealing with multipliers associated with equality constraints. Numerical results obtained for several instances of a discretized optimal control problem governed by a semi‐linear elliptic equation are included and indicate that this method is robust on degenerate cases, compared with other nonlinear optimization solvers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of acids, niobium oxide, and zeolite catalysts for esterification reactions
Authors: Aranda Donato A. G. , Gonçalves Jussara de Araújo , Peres José Sotolongo , Ramos André Luis Dantas , de Melo Carlos Augusto Ribeiro , Antunes O. A. C. , Furtado Nelson C. , Taft Carlton A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe have evaluated the influence of alcohol/fatty acid molar ratio (methanol or ethanol), water and catalyst concentrations and temperature by the esterification of palm fatty acids by heterogeneous acid catalysts (varying types, forms, and particle size). Polynaphtalene sulfonic acid (PSA) and niobium oxide (Nb2O5) presented better performance than zeolite catalysts. Reaction with methanol presented higher conversion than with ethanol. The experimental design showed that the most relevant variable is the catalyst concentration and all interactions become important in process. A heterogeneous kinetic model was proposed and applied to experimental data. One of the models was adequate for methanol reaction, whereas the homogeneous model was more appropriate for ethanol reaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complexation of aminoglutethimide with native and modified cyclodextrins
Authors: Nowakowski Michal , Dlugosz Maciej , Taraszewska Joanna , Wojcik Jacek 
Published: June 2009

AbstractComplexations of R(+) and RS(+/−)aminoglutethimide (AGT), the drug used in a treatment of breast and prostate cancer with native and modified cyclodextrins (α‐CD, β‐CD, γ‐CD, 2,6‐di‐O‐methyl‐β‐CD (DM‐β‐CD), 2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl‐β‐CD (TM‐β‐CD) and carboxymethyl‐β‐CD (CM‐β‐CD)) were studied. The stability constants were determined with UV–Vis spectrophotometric method at pH 9.0. The NMR data obtained for TM‐β‐CD suggest that the complexation of AGT is possible from both sides of CD molecule. This was confirmed by molecular dynamic simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nematicidal efficacy of MCW‐2, a new nematicide of the fluoroalkenyl group, against the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Oka Yuji , Shuker Shimshon , Tkachi Nadia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The small number of available nematicides and restrictions on the use of non‐fumigant nematicides owing to high toxicity to human and non‐target organisms hinder effective nematode control. The nematicidal efficacy of MCW‐2, a new nematicide of the fluoroalkenyl group, was evaluated against the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica (Treub.) Chitwood.RESULTS: MCW‐2 showed irreversible nematicidal activity against second‐stage juveniles of M. javanica in vitro, following exposure for 48 h at concentrations as low as 0.5 mg L−1, in contrast to fenamiphos or cadusafos. When exposed to MCW‐2 for shorter periods, motile juveniles became immobile with time after rinsing in water. MCW‐2 at 8 mg L−1 inhibited nematode hatching, which, however, recovered after rinsing in water. In pot and plot experiments, 0.5 mg MCW‐2 L−1 soil and 2 kg MCW‐2 ha−1, respectively, controlled M. javanica similarly to or better than fenamiphos or cadusafos at the same concentrations or at their recommended doses. In the soil, the nematicidal activity of MCW‐2 was less persistent than that of fenamiphos.CONCLUSION: MCW‐2 has potential to be used as a new non‐fumigant nematicide that probably has a novel mode of action. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry