bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Microporous Zirconium Silicate with the Structure of Petarasite.
Authors: ROCHA J. , FERREIRA P. , LIN Z. , AGGER J. R. , ANDERSON M. W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress Towards the Understanding of Metal‐SALEN Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkene Epoxidation
Authors: DALTON C. T. , RYAN K. M. , WALL V. M. , BOUSQUET C. , GILHEANY D. G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial and Antineoplastic Activities of New 4‐Diazopyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: DAIDONE G. , MAGGIO B. , PLESCIA S. , RAFFA D. , MUSIU C. , MILIA C. , PERRA G. , MARONGIU M. E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Frondoside C, a New Nonholostane Triterpene Glycoside from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa: Structure and Cytotoxicity of Its Desulfated Derivative.
Authors: AVILOV S. A. , DROZDOVA O. A. , KALININ V. I. , KALINOVSKY A. I. , STONIK V. A. , GUDIMOVA E. N. , RIGUERA R. , JIMENEZ C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Calcium‐binding protein immunoreactivity characterizes the auditory system of Gekko gecko
Authors: Yan Kai , Tang Ye‐Zhong , Carr Catherine E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA transverse section through the nucleus laminaris and nucleus magnocellularis in Gekko gecko, labeled with an antibody against calretinin (red), with anti‐parvalbumin double label (green). Both parvalbumin and calretinin immunoreactivity characterized the auditory nerve fibers above the nucleus laminaris in the nucleus magnocellularis. The red calretinin positive axons of the bitufted nucleus laminaris neurons run ventrally towards the olivary nuclei. Medial is to the right. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Volume 518, Number 17, pages 3409–3426.
Palladium‐Catalysed Direct 5‐Arylation of Furfurylamine or 2‐(Aminoalkyl)thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Roger Julien , Doucet Henri 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe palladium‐catalysed direct 5‐arylation of furan or thiophene derivatives bearing CH2NHR substituents (with R = COMe or CO2tBu) generally proceeds in good yields by using a catalysts loading of only 0.1–2 mol‐%. A wide range of functions such as acetyl, propionyl, formyl, ester, nitrile, trifluoromethyl or fluoro on the aryl bromide is tolerated. Higher yields were generally obtained in the presence of electron‐deficient aryl bromides than with electron‐rich aryl bromides.
Simultaneous Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid and Caffeine in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Lourenção Bruna Cláudia , Medeiros Roberta Antigo , Rocha‐Filho Romeu C. , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA cathodically pretreated boron‐doped diamond electrode was used for the simultaneous anodic determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and caffeine (CAF) by differential pulse voltammetry. Linear calibration curves (r=0.999) were obtained from 1.9×10−5 to 2.1×10−4 mol L−1 for AA and from 9.7×10−6 to 1.1×10−4 mol L−1 for CAF, with detection limits of 19 μmol L−1 and 7.0 μmol L−1, respectively. This method was successfully applied for the determination of AA and CAF in pharmaceutical formulations, with results equal to those obtained using a HPLC reference method.
Direct and rapid PCR amplification using digested tissues for the diagnosis of drowning
Authors: Tie Jian , Uchigasaki Seisaku , Haseba Takeshi , Ohno Youkichi , Isahai Isamu , Oshida Shigemi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe developed a direct and rapid method for the diagnosis of death by drowning by PCR amplification of phytoplankton DNA using human tissues. The primers were designed based on the DNA sequence of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) of Cyanobacterium. Samples of lung, liver and kidney tissues were collected from 53 autopsied individuals diagnosed as death by drowning. Without DNA extraction, the tissue fragments were incubated directly in a digest buffer developed in this study, for 20 min. Using 1 μL of the tissue digest solution in PCR, the 16S rDNA was successfully amplified. The specific 16S rDNA fragment was identified from the standard picoplankton Euglena gracilis, the tissues of bodies died from drowning and water samples from the drowning scenes. On the other hand, no PCR products were found in the tissues of individuals who died from causes other than drowning. Various quantities of tissue weighing 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg were tested, and the PCR amplification detected the specific16S rDNA fragment from all the quantities of tissue tested. This method was found to be more reliable, sensitive, specific and rapid when compared to the conventional diagnosis of death by drowning using the diatom test by acid digestion method.
Accurate extension of peek's law to stranded conductors
Authors: Amoruso V. , Lattarulo F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn analytical and experimental investigation on the corona‐onset gradient, involving stranded conductors, is described. The strand coefficient empirically inserted into the well known Peek's formula is demonstrated to behave in reality as a mere „fiddle factor”︁. An equation alternative to Peek's law is therefore proposed which allows the definition of a true strand coefficient, whose feature is to be only dependent on the number of outer strands for standard conductors. The formulae and curves shown in this paper largely cover the range of engineering applications and precision requirements.
New rotor position detector for permanent magnet synchronous machines using the „inform”︁‐method
Authors: Schrödl M. , Stefan T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new method for detecting the rotor position of permanent magnet synchronous machines is presented which can be used in any given operating point of the machine including low speed and standstill. The basic idea is to measure the differential inductance in several space phasor directions. Because of the magnetic saturation mainly in the stator teeth, caused by the permanent magnets, the inductance fluctuates to a certain extent. Hence, there is a coherence between the measured inductance and the rotor angular position. By using a special measurement sequence, the influence of the induced voltage due to the rotor velocity can be eliminated. Furthermore it is shown how to integrate the new method in usual control concepts. The practical realization on a digital signal processing system points out the usefulness of the proposed method.
Calculation of the response time of shielded high voltage resistive dividers
Authors: Kaane H. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper an equation relating the response time of a voltage divider to its resistance and unshielded ground capacitance is presented. It is shown that, in general, the response time is a product of the HV column resistance, its unshielded ground capacitance and a parameter which is a function of the per unit HV resistance, the per unit ground capacitance and the initial and final potential distributions. A method for the determination of this parameter is presented. To demonstrate the applicability of the derived equation, results of calculations and measurements on actual dividers are presented.
Accelerated ageing tests of housing materials for composite insulators in a fog‐chamber
Authors: Pilling J. , Bärsch R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractModel‐insulations made of silicone‐rubber were tested with an ageing‐procedure according to the recommendations of IEC‐TC 36 in a fog‐chamber. The influences of the fog‐parameters (fog‐intensity, fog‐conductivity) on the flashover voltage as well as on the ageing process were investigated. The results enable the reproducibility to be improved. The problems combined with a continuous stress of the insulating surfaces in the fog‐chamber are discussed by means of measured values of the equivalent salt deposit density. To solve them an intermittent fog‐test is proposed and relevant criteria to evaluate the damage degree on the insulating surface are recommended.
Switching arcs squeezed in rectangular insulating slots ‐ scaling laws and comparison with measurements
Authors: Lindmayer M. , Huang Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor low‐voltage circuit breakers, arc breaking by squeezing the arc in a narrow insulating slot is an interesting alternative to the conventional technique using arc chutes with steel plates. In order to model and to predict the performance of this arc breaking technique, the properties of such arcs are discussed theoretically. Simplified relationships are derived that enable an easy calculation of the electrical conductivity and the arc voltage gradient of a squeezed arc from the slot geometry and the arc current. The satisfactory agreement between theoretical and experimental results indicates the good applicability of this simple arc model for engineering applications.
Additional core losses in induction machines with pwm inverter
Authors: Wahsh S. , El‐Bakry M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInduction machine drives with squirrel‐cage rotor will more and more replace the DC motor for its various advantages. The additional motor losses are essentially copper and iron losses in stator and rotor. Iron losses are significantly influenced by machine construction, magnetic materials used and supply type. Different formulae and estimations are given in the literature for these losses. In this contribution a method is presented for the calculation of additional iron losses in induction machines with PWM inverter. Two limits are deduced for the calculation of eddy‐current losses, within which the losses lie, and which agree with the theoretical basis and most empirical formulae given in the previous works. Similarly a new method is proposed for the additional hysteresis losses. The proposed methods give good results compared with the other known methods.
Contribution to the clarification of partial discharge behaviour in insulating liquids using the schlieren technique
Authors: Borsi H. , Gockenbach E. , Schröder U. , Schiller G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article describes some investigations concerning the process of partial discharges (PD) in insulating liquids by comparing optical and electrical characteristic quantities of PD. The PD behaviour is recorded by synchronized Schlieren photos and oscillograms. The results of these investigations allow to establish a connection between optical and electrical characteristic appearances. The results are interpreted and discussed with the well known streamer theory.
Calculating the effects of solid‐rotor material on high‐speed induction motor characteristics
Authors: Pyrhonen J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA method for the analysis of high‐speed solid‐rotor induction motors is presented. The analysis is based on a new combination of the three‐dimensional linear method and the transfer‐matrix method. Both saturation and finite length effects are taken into account. The active region of the solid rotor is divided into saturated and unsaturated parts. The time dependence is assumed to be sinusoidal and phasor quantities are used in the solution. The method is applied to the calculation of smooth solid rotors manufactured of different materials. Five rotor materials are tested: three construction steels, pure iron and a cobalt‐iron alloy. The results obtained by the method agree fairly well with the measured quantities.
Database/power‐flow interlinkage of a stand‐alone power system training simulator
Authors: Rumpel D. , Nagdy N. M. , Ader T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA training simulator imitates the performance of a power system by application of dynamic models for power units, networks and loads. The results must be displayed in a form related to real operation. This implies a presentation of the power system both on operational and on model level, and transitions between both levels. The GDL‐system allows to describe the whole operational stock of objects, e. g. for substations, bays, lines, protection and auxiliary equipment alarms, including their potential topology, in format‐free alphatext. This source is translated into a data model according to general rules. From the data model an operational man/ machine interface is automatically derived. The dynamic model of the simulator was already presented by K. Dickers and D. Rumpel in „Modelling for Grid Restoration Studies „(Electr. Power&Energy Systems Vol. 9 (1987) No. 1, pp. 45‐55). The present paper shows, how the power flow of the dynamic model is automatically linked to the GDL data model, without further program adaptions or parametrizing efforts on model level.
MODELS: A new simulation tool in the emtp
Authors: Dubé L. , Bonfanti I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMODELS is an autonomous general‐purpose simulation program recently interfaced to two versions of the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). This interfacing enables the description of components that could not be represented easily until now using the electrical elements of the EMTP and the set of control blocks available in its TACS (Transient Analysis of Control Systems) section. This paper evaluates the usage of MODELS in the EMTP by stressing the differences in approach and use as compared to TACS. An application example is provided and discussed.
Computer aided partial discharge testing of thin solid insulation systems
Authors: Koch H. , Pfeiffer W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor the assessment of thin insulation films in electrical equipment and components a computer aided partial discharge (PD) measuring system is presented. Those insulations are e. g. used in optocouplers, transformers, capacitors and all kind of coating, for instance on printed circuit boards (PCB). The test specimen are taken out of industrial production and are typical for the present manufacturing standard. Two types of test results are presented: Type I shows the PD‐behaviour for long time stress with the test voltage kept constant at a value not higher than ].5 times the PD‐inception voltage (Uj). Type 2 shows the PD‐behaviour for short time stress when the test voltage is increased continuously up to the breakdown voltage of the test specimen. The results are discussed for coated printed circuit boards.
Novel criteria for overload management in power transformers
Authors: Arri E. , Mocci F. , Tosi M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper some new strategies for protecting power transformers, based on the possibility of taking measurements on machines in real operating conditions, are discussed. Earlier works showed that it was possible to determine on‐line power losses of transformers. Here the conditions that permit to separate the measured power losses into core and copper losses are defined more in detail and the possibility of incorporating these measurement techniques into a load management system, in which the real‐time transformer temperatures can be rapidly predicted, is discussed. The direct measurement of on‐line transformer losses makes it possible to achieve thermal protection of power transformers with novel strategies.
Analytic approximate calculation of short‐circuit electromagnetic forces in three‐phase steel enclosed arrangements
Authors: Safigianni A. , Tsanakas D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper analytic relations are given for the computation of the time‐varying short‐circuit electromagnetic forces acting on the conductors of arrangements with three‐phase steel enclosure, in the steady‐state. The basic assumptions for the development of these relations are the consideration of the conductors as filamentary and the restriction of the terms of the Fourier series, that expresses the forces, into two. From parametric investigations resulted the great accuracy of the computations with the approximate analytic relations compared to the accurate computations done by numerical methods and taking into account the conductors radius and large number of terms of the Fourier series.
Apparent power ‐ a misleading quantity in the non‐sinusoidal power theory: Are all non‐sinusoidal power theories doomed to fail?
Authors: Filipski P. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTraditional non‐sinusoidal power theory does not reflect properly the energetic relations in non‐sinusoidal systems. To alleviate this situation several new power theories have been proposed recently. These new theories invariably rely on the definitions of the active power, the non‐sinusoidal apparent power and on the basic power equation, i. e., on the assumption that the geometric sum of all power components is equal to the apparent power. The paper points to the fact that the non‐sinusoidal apparent power is an artificial quantity without any physical meaning and that there is neither theoretical nor practical justification for the application of the basic power equation.
The p‐q theory in three‐phase systems under non‐sinusoidal conditions
Authors: Akagi H. , Nabae A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe conventional theory of active and reactive power in single‐phase or three‐phase systems is based on an average value concept, thus making it impossible to define instantaneous active and reactive power in a real sense. On the basis of an instantaneous value concept, the authors have already proposed a new definition of instantaneous active and reactive power in three‐phase circuits for arbitrary voltage and current waveforms without any restriction. This is called the instantaneous reactive power theory or the p‐q theory, which is considered a basic theory of active power line conditioners such as reactive power compensators and active power filters for harmonic compensation.
Measurements of power and current components in unbalanced and distorted three‐phase systems
Authors: Andria G. , Salvatore L. , Savino M. , Trotta A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe paper deals with the instantaneous power theory in three‐phase circuits by using the instantaneous time phasors of voltage and current. Particularly it is shown that the instantaneous components of the current time‐phasor in a rotating reference frame p‐q, oriented in such a way that the instantaneous voltage time‐phasor points to the p‐axis direction, represent the active and reactive currents. These components give rise to instantaneous real and imaginary powers, respectively. The spectral analysis of the above‐mentioned time‐phasors gives the harmonic symmetrical components of positive and negative sequence of voltage and current three‐phase systems. The line‐by‐line product of the voltage sequence spectrum by the complex conjugate of the current sequence spectrum gives the DC components of the instantaneous real and imaginary powers. The paper shows also that the instantaneous active and reactive currents are different from those defined on grounds of the Fryze's theory, which can be determined from the voltage and current sequence spectra.
Numerical algorithms for power measurements
Authors: Bertocco M. , Offelli C. , Petri D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral definitions have been proposed for the electrical power decomposition in non‐sinusoidal situations. However, when the spectral characteristics of the input signals are known, all the power components corresponding to the different definitions can be easily evaluated. The paper presents some numerical algorithms suited for the estimation of the voltage and current spectral components, by which all the power components and other interesting load parameters can be evaluated. Simulation examples related to the power decomposition proposed by Czarnecki are reported, showing the high accuracy that can be obtained with numerical algorithms.
The modern space‐phasor theory, part I: Its coherent formulation and its advantages for transient analysis of converter‐fed AC machines
Authors: Serrano‐Iribarnegaray L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFour internal quantities plus the rotor position of a rotating electrical machine suffice in order to describe its dynamic behaviour. Starting from this fact, first the space‐phasor concept is introduced as an excellent analytical tool, the expressions of the main phasors are given (special attention is paid to the analysis and the physical interpretation of the voltage space phasor) and thereafter the formulation of the theory is carried out. It is then shown that all the transient states of a converter‐fed symmetrical machine can be represented by a very simple space‐phasor diagram, analogous to the one used for describing its steady state through time phasors. The diagram and the corresponding dynamic equations are deduced in a direct and immediate way, which is very useful for studies of electronically powered AC machines. The second part of this article will discuss in detail the reasons why the phasorial representation of transients is not possible neither in the “Generalized Machine Theory,” nor in the “Space‐Vector Theory” and will provide a comparison between these three theories.
Torque control of the doubly‐salient reluctance motor
Authors: Steiert U. , Späth H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper describes an open‐loop torque control for a doubly‐salient reluctance motor. The reluctance motor is excited with current waveforms stored in a table. It is read out dependent on the reference torque, the speed and the rotor position of the drive. The currents were calculated off‐line, so that torque with little ripple is generated. The calculation is based on the interrelationship between the magnetic flux linkage, the phase current and the rotor position. A method for the measurement of this relationship is presented and the calculation of the phase currents are explained.
Mechanical reliability and strength of 110 kV post insulators under short‐circuit loading
Authors: Böhme H. , Golletz F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPost‐type porcelain insulators are the weak points of high‐voltage switchgears in the case of short‐circuit loads. Whether a device will be damaged due to a break of a post insulator depends (to a high degree) on the strength of the post insulator as well as on the stress. The manufacturer guarantees for this strength a so‐called minimum breaking load. This means that the post insulator is able to withstand these loads during its life‐time without reduction of service. For the user it is important to know, whether the reliability is significantly reduced by the decreasing strength or the increasing stress. In this paper the problem will be investigated using the example of current‐conducting equipment, consisting of conductor, 110 kV post insulator and support.