bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the Gilgel-Gibe hydroelectric dam in Ethiopia on caregivers' knowledge, perceptions and health-seeking behaviour towards childhood malaria
Authors: Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Kassahun Wondwossen , Woldemichael Kifle , Tushune Kora , Sudaker Morankar , Kaba Daniel , Duchateau Luc , Van Bortel Wim , Speybroeck Niko 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Malaria remains the most important public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. Mothers' or caregivers' ability to recognize childhood malaria-related morbidity is crucial as knowledge, attitudes and health seeking behavior of caregivers towards childhood malaria could influence response to signs of the disease.

Methods
A total of 1,003 caregivers in 'at-risk' villages in close proximity to the Gilgel-Gibe hydroelectric dam in south-western Ethiopia, and 953 caregivers in 'control' villages further away from the dam were surveyed using structured questionnaires to assess their knowledge, perceptions and health seeking behaviour about childhood malaria.

Results
Malaria (busa) was ranked as the most serious health problem. Caregivers perceived childhood malaria as a preventable ('at-risk' 96%, 'control' 86%) and treatable ('at-risk' 98% and 'control' 96%) disease. Most caregivers correctly associated the typical clinical manifestations with malaria attacks. The use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) was mentioned as a personal protective measure, whereas the role of indoor residual spraying (IRS) in malaria prevention and control was under-recognized. Most of the caregivers would prefer to seek treatment in health-care services in the event of malaria and reported the use of recommended anti-malarials.

Conclusion
Health education to improve knowledge, perceptions and health-seeking behaviour related to malaria is equally important for caregivers in 'at risk' villages and caregivers in 'control' villages as minimal differences seen between both groups. Concluding, there may be a need of more than one generation after the introduction of the dam before differences can be noticed. Secondly, differences in prevalence between 'control' and 'at-risk' villages may not be sufficient to influence knowledge and behaviour.
Pancreatitis and atypical Kawasaki disease
Authors: Prokic Dragan , Ristic Goran , Paunovic Zoran , Pasic Srdjan 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We report on pediatric patient with clinical and laboratory evidence of pancreatitis at onset of atypical Kawasaki disease (KD). In KD pancreatic inflammation was described previously, but clinical pancreatitis was rarely reported and its true incidence is unknown.
In febrile pediatric patients suspected to have KD, but not fulfilling classical diagnostic criteria, signs of pancreatic inflammation may help in making correct diagnosis. Further analysis of cases with atypical KD developing pancreatitis may reveal if signs of pancreatic inflammation can be used as supportive diagnostic finding.
Charcot foot reconstruction with combined internal and external fixation: case report
Authors: Capobianco Claire M , Ramanujam Crystal L , Zgonis Thomas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCharcot neuroarthropathy is a destructive and often-limb threatening process that can affect patients with peripheral neuropathy of any etiology. Early recognition and appropriate management is crucial to prevention of catastrophic outcomes. Delayed diagnosis and subsequent pedal collapse often preclude successful conservative management of these deformities and necessitate surgical intervention for limb salvage. We review the current literature on surgical reconstruction of Charcot neuroarthropathy and present a case report of foot reconstruction with combined internal and external fixation methods.
Methemoglobinemia presenting in a circumcised baby following application of prilocaine: a case report
Authors: Ozdogan Hatice , Osma Selcan , Aydin Gozde B , Dinc Avni , Ozgun Gulten 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Local anesthesia with prilocaine has become a routine part of ambulatory circumcision procedures. Methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially lethal complication of local anesthetics.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 40-day-old Turkish boy who presented with cyanosis after receiving local anesthesia with prilocaine. His methemoglobin level revealed severe methemoglobinemia (methemoglobin = 44%). His cyanosis resolved after intravenous administration of methylene blue.

Conclusion
Although the association between prilocaine use and methemoglobinemia has generally restricted the use of prilocaine in babies, it is still widely used in ambulatory procedures, especially during circumcision in the neonatal period. Prilocaine should not be used in babies who are less than 3 months old because of the risk of methemoglobinemia; other local anesthetics may be used for this age group. Furthermore, general anesthesia by mask ventilation may be favored for babies less than 3 months of age instead of local anesthetics.
Cerebral net exchange of large neutral amino acids after lipopolysaccharide infusion in healthy humans
Authors: Berg Ronan MG , Taudorf Sarah , Bailey Damian M , Lundby Carsten , Larsen Fin Stolze , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Møller Kirsten 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Alterations in circulating large neutral amino acids (LNAAs), leading to a decrease in the plasma ratio between branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (BCAA/AAA ratio), may be involved in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. We hypothesised that a decrease in the BCAA/AAA ratio occurs along with a net cerebral influx of the neurotoxic AAA phenylalanine in a human experimental model of systemic inflammation.

Methods
The BCAA/AAA ratio, the cerebral delivery, and net exchange of LNAAs and ammonia were measured before and 1 hour after a 4-hour intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 12 healthy young men.

Results
LPS induced systemic inflammation, reduced the BCAA/AAA ratio, increased the cerebral delivery and unidirectional influx of phenylalanine, and abolished the net cerebral influx of the BCAAs leucine and isoleucine. Furthermore, a net cerebral efflux of glutamine, which was independent of the cerebral net exchange of ammonia, was present after LPS infusion.

Conclusions
Systemic inflammation may affect brain function by reducing the BCAA/AAA ratio, thereby changing the cerebral net exchange of LNAAs.
Plasma Adipokines, Bone Mass, and Hip Geometry in Rural Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Hong Xiumei , Arguelles Lester M. , Tsai Hui-Ju , Zhang Shanchun , Wang Guoying , Wang Binyan , Liu Xue , Li Zhiping , Tang Genfu , Xing Houxun , Xu Xiping , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractContext: Adipokines have been linked to bone phenotypes recently, but with conflicting results. Few such studies have been conducted in adolescents.Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the associations of adiponectin and leptin with multiple bone phenotypes in Chinese adolescents and estimate the genetic contribution to these associations.Design and Setting: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in rural China.Participants: A total of 675 males and 575 females aged 13–21 yr were included.Outcome Measures: Fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), cross-sectional area (CSA), and section modulus (SM) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Plasma adipokine concentration was determined using sandwich immunoassays.Results: Adiponectin was inversely associated with all BMCs in males (P &lt; 0.01), but not in females, after adjusting for LM, body weight, or BMI singly, or for LM and FM simultaneously. No such relationships were observed for CSA or SM in both genders. Leptin was inversely associated with all BAs, total-hip BMC, CSA, and SM in both genders, when adjusting for body weight or BMI. These associations, except for whole-body BA and lumbar spine BA in females, disappeared when simultaneously adjusting for LM and FM. By Cholesky decomposition models using twin design, significant genetic correlations were detected between adiponectin and total-hip BMC in males and between leptin and total-hip BMC in both genders.Conclusions: We demonstrated that adiponectin and leptin were inversely associated with adolescent bone phenotypes but showed differential associations by gender, type of bone phenotypes, and adjustment of FM. This study also suggested that adipokines and bone phenotypes may share a common set of genes.
Oral Syringes: A Crucial and Economical Risk-Reduction Strategy that has Not Been Fully Utilized; Caution regarding Once-Weekly Levothyroxine; When Drug Strengths Differ by 10-Fold; Lower Colchicine Dose Effective and Safer
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: February 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Social Integration in Employment Settings: Application of Intergroup Contact Theory
Authors: Novak Jeanne A. , Rogan Patricia M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study used a survey of 106 employment specialists to test the ability of intergroup contact theory to explain social integration outcomes of employees with disabilities. Contact theory suggests that coworkers are more accepting of employees with disabilities if they have sufficient opportunities to interact with them, equal status and interdependent working relationships, and supervisors who support equality and acceptance. The contact model and an expanded model that includes workplace culture significantly predicted not only coworker attitudes toward employees with disabilities but also the employees' level of social participation and feelings of social support. In addition, outcome dependency moderated the relation between the vocational competence of employees with disabilities and coworker attitudes toward them. Study findings have practical implications for facilitating social relationships in the supported workplace.
Introduction to Quasielastic Neutron Scattering
Authors: Embs Jan Peter , Juranyi Fanni , Hempelmann Rolf 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This tutorial introduction has been written for people who are not specialized in neutron scattering or in other scattering methods but who are interested and would like to get an impression and learn about the method of Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS). The theoretical (scattering process) as well as the experimental basics (neutron sources, neutron scattering instruments, experimental periphery) are explained in a generally understandable way, with only the most essential formulas. QENS addresses the stochastic dynamics in condensed matter, and it is pointed out for which problems and for which systems in condensed matter research QENS is a powerful method. Thus sufficient information is provided to enable non-experts to think about their own QENS experiment and to understand related literature in this area of research.
Recent Backscattering Instrument Developments at the ILL and SNS
Authors: Frick Bernhard , Mamontov Eugene , Eijck Lambert van , Seydel Tilo 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We present new developments in neutron backscattering spectroscopy from two major neutron scattering centers. The first example is the reactor backscattering project IN16B, which is under construction at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France, the second is the spallation source near-backscattering spectrometer BASIS at the spallation neutron source SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, in operation since 2007. After explaining the energy resolution contributions to neutron backscattering and presenting the current status, we describe the layout, performance and the complementarity of the two most advanced backscattering projects. A few examples should illustrate the status and new experimental possibilities.
The Dynamic Response Function χ
T(Q,t) of Confined Supercooled Water and its Relation to the Dynamic Crossover Phenomenon
Authors: Chen Sow-Hsin , Zhang Yang , Lagi Marco , Chu X. , Liu Li , Faraone Antonio , Fratini Emiliano , Baglioni Piero 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We have made a series of Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) studies of supercooled water confined in 3-D and 1-D geometries, specifically, interstitial water in aged cement paste (3-D) and water confined in MCM-41-S and Double Wall Nano Tube DWNT (1-D). In addition, we also include the cases of hydration water on protein surface and other biopolymer surfaces (pseudo 2-D). By analyzing the QENS spectra using Relaxing Cage Model (RCM), we are able to extract accurately the self-intermediate scattering function of hydrogen atoms FH(Q,t), at low-Q as a function of temperature T, showing an α-relaxation process at long time. We can then construct the Dynamic Response Function χT(Q,t) = -dFH(Q,t)/dT. χT(Q,t) as a function of t at constant Q shows a single peak at the characteristic α-relaxation time 〈τ〉, the amplitude of which grows as we approach the dynamic crossover temperature TL observed before in each of these geometries. However, the peak height of χT(Q,t) decreases after passing the crossover temperature TL. We make an argument to relate the occurrence of the extremum of the peak height in χT to the existence of the dynamic crossover temperature in each of these cases.
Dynamical Properties of Decorated Lamellar Microemulsions in the Brush Regime
Authors: Holderer O , Frielinghaus H. , Byelov D. , Monkenbusch M , Allgaier J: , Richter D. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The elastic constants of bicontinuous microemulsions, consisting of water, oil (decane) and a surfactant, can be modified by the addition of diblock-copolymers (boosting effect). A similar decoration of the surfactant membrane is possible in the lamellar phase. At high diblock copolymer densities, in the brush regime, a change in the dependence of the bending rigidity on the molecular size and concentration of the diblock copolymer is predicted theoretically. In particular a very strong dependence of the bending rigidity on the radius of gyration of the diblock copolymer (κ ∝ R
5) is predicted. We have studied the structure and dynamics of lamellar microemulsions by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE) in the brush regime, with high diblock copolymer density. Decyl polyglycol ether (C10E4) has been used as surfactant, the amphiphilic diblock-copolymers were polyethylenepropylene/polyethyleneoxide (PEP5–PEO5). The influence of the diblock copolymer concentration when entering the brush regime on the bending rigidity κ and the correlation length ξ will be discussed.
Hydrogen Dynamics in Lightweight Tetrahydroborates
Authors: Remhof Arndt , Gremaud Robin , Buchter Florian , Lodziana Zbigniew , Embs Jan Peter , Ramirez-Cuesta Timmy A. J. , Borgschulte Andreas , Züttel Andreas 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The high hydrogen content in complex hydrides such as M[AlH4]
x
and M[BH4]
x
(M = Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca) stimulated many research activities to utilize them as hydrogen storage materials. An understanding of the dynamical properties on the molecular level is important to understand and to improve the sorption kinetics. Hydrogen dynamics in complex hydrides comprise long range translational diffusion as well as localized motions like vibrations, librations or rotations. All the different motions are characterized by their specific length- and timescales. Within this review we give an introduction to the physical properties of lightweight complex hydrides and illustrate the huge variety of dynamical phenomena on selected examples.
Current Management of Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Andrew X. , Hong Theodore S. , Hezel Aram F. , Kooby David A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) represents the most common and aggressive type among the biliary tree cancers (BTCs). Complete surgical resection offers the only chance for cure; however, only 10% of patients with GBC present with early-stage disease and are considered surgical candidates. Among those patients who do undergo “curative” resection, recurrence rates are high. There are no established adjuvant treatments in this setting. Patients with unresectable or metastatic GBC have a poor prognosis. There has been a paucity of randomized phase III data in this field. A recent report demonstrated longer overall survival with gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin than with gemcitabine alone in patients with advanced or metastatic BTCs. Molecularly targeted agents are under development. In this review, we attempt to discuss the current status and key issues involved in the management of GBC.
Geomechanically-Constrained Wellpath Design: The Stability Volume Concept
Authors: Herrera Adrian Rodriguez 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
In wellbore stability studies, traditional methods to predict optimum drilling directions on an established stress regime involve punctual stereo-plots tied to a corresponding depth, which are treated as a discontinuous set of solutions for one continuous problem: the trajectory definition. In other words, desired well positions are isolated estimations that take time to refine into one integrated stability proposal. Due to this obstacle, these studies focus primarily on delivering optimum mud plans that only quote on reference drilling directions, instead of integrated trajectory-stability optimized solutions.
The method developed in this study, represents a new philosophy on addressing drilling direction effects in wellbore stability. Stability volumes are the outputs of an implemented search algorithm which seeks upon an entry point and inside 3D geological models, connected matches of curvature-constrained vectors that minimize tangential stress redistribution around a wellbore, within a given stress tensor and local (intersected) rock conditions. Thus, rock mechanical properties distribution is a major factor affecting possible solutions. The method reveals a tridimensional space of possible geomechanically stable well paths, to aid well design within an implicitly stable volume of the geological model: the Stability Volume. The main idea is to upgrade unbound well positions into complete trajectories with sequential wellbore stability analyses performed recursively by the algorithm. This way, and due to the speed of the method, it is possible to fluidly merge reservoir engineering and geomechanical considerations in well planning tasks.
This study analyses the development of the algorithm, its computation strategy and a proposed workflow, based on the interpretation of the resulting topological behaviors of the explored search space. Application scenarios are discussed, as well as the development of the computational and 3D visualization environment
Kinetic Modeling of the Sorption of Carbon Dioxide on Powder and Non-powder Bituminous Coal for Sequestration and Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery
Authors: Pone J. Denis 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide is an option for the mitigation of industrial emissions. However, considerable effort remains to shift this technology from its current status as potential solution to a safe, effective and trusted foundation to the global energy system. Characterization of gas movement and sorption capacity of coal at in-situ conditions is required. Using the volumetric method, measurements of CH4 and CO2 sorption and diffusion in coal have been made on powder and non-powder confined coal. Evaluation of sorption capacity and transport rates of gases in coal structure under replicated in-situ conditions is essential. Although crushed coal provides useful information for coal structure characterization, underground storage take place within compact coal monoliths. There is evidence that overburden stresses affects swelling and impacts gas movement in coal. This paper focuses primarily on the characterization of coal-gas system dynamic behavior during carbon dioxide sorption at replicated in-situ conditions. It includes the quantification of the effect of confining stress on sorption capacity and transport rates and its variation with time in coal at constant effective stress. Carbon dioxide sorption rates are evaluated for 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) and 2000 psi (13.8 MPa) confining stress. Information collected from the same coal, but unconfined and crushed allows comparison. Gas evolution curves are evaluated by a developed mathematical model and diffusion constants are extracted. Sorption and transport rates obtained can be used in reservoirs simulators of enhanced coalbed methane recovery and carbon dioxide sequestration in unmineable coal seams.
Developing Generalised Capillary Pressure Curves and Saturation Height Function for Shuaiba Carbonate Reservoirs in Field A
Authors: Al Waili Ibrahim H. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Shuaiba carbonate reservoirs have wide variations in their basic petrophysical properties (porosity, permeability) and hence capillary pressure. These properties require characterization since they have significant impact on hydrocarbon volumes estimations and production forecast. In addition, capillary pressure is one of the most important rock-fluid properties that petroleum engineers use to estimate initial oil distribution in the reservoir by converting it into Saturation Height Functions (SHF). However, generating representative capillary pressure curves is very challenging often due to limited data, large variation in rock fabrics and that capillary pressure measurements often have to be made with non reservoir fluids. Corey Brooks and Lambda functions were compared in the analysis and a SHF was derived from both core and log results. The high level of heterogeneity was shown in field A even using one set of porosity classes. A general SHF was obtained for field A and saturations from Log and core data can be matched to the SHF for field A Shuaiba reservoirs. A very good match was observed in the good quality reservoir sections. However there was no match in some wells at the water leg and poor quality reservoir sections.