bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards autonomic management for Cloud services based upon volunteered resources
Authors: Caton Simon , Rana Omer 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYMany research institutions and Universities own computational capacity that is not effectively utilized, thereby providing an opportunity for such institutions to use such capacity to offer Cloud services (to both internal and external users). However, the unreliability and unpredictability of these resources mean that their use in the context of a Service Level Agreement (SLA) is high risk, leading to a reduction in reputation as well as economic penalties in case of SLA violation. We propose a methodology that addresses the issues of unreliability and unpredictability such that Cloud software services could be hosted upon volunteered resources. To enable the harnessing of these resources we rely on autonomic fault management techniques that allow such systems to independently adapt the resources they use based upon their perception of individual resource reliability. Using our approach we were able to scale out the backend infrastructure of the Cloud service elastically (min 30thinspaces per worker), opportunistically and autonomically. We address two key questions in this article: can a campus volunteer infrastructure be used in Cloud provisioning? What measures are necessary in order to ensure reliability at the resource level? Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steric and Chain Length Effects in the (${\sqrt {(3)} }$×${\sqrt {(3)} }$)R30° Structures of Alkanethiol Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Au(111)
Authors: Torres Edmanuel , Blumenau Alexander T. , Biedermann P. Ulrich 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe translational and orientational potential energy surfaces (PESs) of n‐alkanethiols with up to four carbon atoms are studied for (${\sqrt {(3)} }$×${\sqrt {(3)} }$)R30° self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). The PESs indicate that methanethiol may form SAM structures that are not accessible for long‐chain thiols. The tilt of the thiol molecules is determined by a compromise between the preferred binding geometry at the sulfur atom and the steric requirements of the alkane chains. The AuS bond lengths, offset from the bridge position (brg), and the AuSC bond angles result in tilt angles of the SC bond in the range of 55–60°. As DFT/generalized gradient approximation systematically underestimates chain–chain interactions, the binding energies are corrected by comparison to MP2 interaction energies of alkane dimers in SAM‐like configurations. The resulting thiol binding energies increase by approximately 1 kcal mol−1 per CH2 group, which results in a substantial stabilization of long‐chain SAMs due to chain–chain interactions. Furthermore, as the chain length increases, the accessible range of backbone tilt angles is constrained due to steric effects. The combination of these two effects may explain why SAM structures with long‐chain thiols exhibit higher order in experiments. For each thiol two favorable SAM structures are found with the sulfur head group at the fcc‐brg and hcp‐brg positions, respectively. These domains may coexist in thermal equilibrium. In combination with the symmetry of the gold (111) surface, this raises the possibility of up to six different domains on single‐crystal terraces. Reconstructions by an adatom or vacancy of ethanethiol SAMs with (${\sqrt {(3)} }$×${\sqrt {(3)} }$)R30° lattice are also studied using PES scans. The results indicate that adsorption of thiols next to a vacancy is favorable and may lead to point defects inside SAMs.
Role of Internalization Process in Defining the Relationship between ISO 14001 Certification and Corporate Environmental Performance
Authors: Qi Guoyou , Zeng Saixing , Li Xiaodong , Tam Chiming 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe relationship between ISO 14001 certification and corporate environmental performance has become an important research topic in recent years. Based on the internalization process of ISO 14001 (the process that consolidates and embeds a firm's beliefs, attitudes, and values into its management and employees), this paper examines how internalization can impact on the corporate environmental performance. It is found that the internalization process of ISO 14001 serves an important role in mediating the relationship between ISO 14001 certification and environmental performance. The results also reveal that the internal motivation is the main driving force of internalizing ISO 14001. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Effects of carrier frequency offset on the average effective SNR and the average BER for asynchronous MC‐CDMA uplink systems with a guard period
Authors: Ko Kyunbyoung , Woo Choongchae 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of asynchronous multicarrier‐code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA) systems over frequency‐selective multipath fading channels when the carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) of all users are random variables and the frequency offset for the desired user is compensated. The effect of residual CFO on the average bit error rate (BER) is evaluated by the semi‐analytical method, then the approximated BER performance is obtained as a closed‐form expression. Moreover, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) loss caused by residual CFO is evaluated. Derived results show that the performance degradation due to residual frequency offset is negligible if the estimation error of CFO for the desired user is less than the normalized value of 10−1. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lessons learned from successful Papanicolaou cytology cervical cancer prevention in the socialist republic of Vietnam
Authors: Suba Eric J. , Raab Stephen S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn 1996, we documented that the burden of cervical cancer in Vietnam was associated with troop movements during the Vietnam War. Subsequently, establishment of Papanicolaou screening in southern Vietnam was associated with reductions in cervical cancer incidence from 29.2/100,000 in 1998 to 16/100,000 in 2003. This is one of the first English‐language reports of a real‐world cervical cancer prevention effort associated with a decisive impact on health outcomes in a contemporary developing country. Lessons learned: if our ideological commitment is to improve health outcomes as rapidly as possible among as many people as possible, then Papanicolaou screening (with or without HPV or visual screening) must be implemented without further delay in any setting where cervical screening is appropriate but unavailable; consideration must be given to HPV vaccination after, rather than before, full coverage of target demographic groups by screening services has been achieved and/or the possibility has been excluded that HPV vaccination may be ineffective for cancer prevention. Competing ideological commitments engender imprudent yet commercially useful alternative strategies prone to decelerate global reductions in mortality by suppressing the more‐rapid uptake of less‐expensive open‐source technology in favor of the less‐rapid uptake of more‐expensive proprietary technologies with uncertain real‐world advantages and unfavorable real‐world operational limitations. Global cervical cancer prevention efforts will become more effective if global health leaders, including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, embrace an ideological commitment to improving health outcomes as rapidly as possible among as many people as possible and assimilate the policy implications of that commitment. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐cell synapse formation depends on antigen recognition but not CD3 interaction: Studies with TCR:ζ, a candidate transgene for TCR gene therapy
Authors: Roszik János , Sebestyén Zsolt , Govers Coen , Guri Yakir , Szöőr Árpád , Pályi‐Krekk Zsuzsanna , Vereb György , Nagy Peter , Szöllősi János , Debets Reno 
Published: March 2011

AbstractT‐cell receptors (TCRs) can be genetically modified to improve gene‐engineered T‐cell responses, a strategy considered critical for the success of clinical TCR gene therapy to treat cancers. TCR:ζ, which is a heterodimer of TCRα and β chains each coupled to complete human CD3ζ, overcomes issues of mis‐pairing with endogenous TCR chains, shows high surface expression and mediates antigen‐specific T‐cell functions in vitro. In the current study, we further characterized TCR:ζ in gene‐engineered T cells and assessed whether this receptor is able to interact with surface molecules and drive correct synapse formation in Jurkat T cells. The results showed that TCR:ζ mediates the formation of synaptic areas with antigen‐positive target cells, interacts closely with CD8α and MHC class I (MHCI), and co‐localizes with CD28, CD45 and lipid rafts, similar to WT TCR. TCR:ζ did not closely associate with endogenous CD3ε, despite its co‐presence in immune synapses, and TCR:ζ showed enhanced synaptic accumulation in T cells negative for surface‐expressed TCR molecules. Notably, synaptic TCR:ζ demonstrated lowered densities when compared with TCR in dual TCR T cells, a phenomenon that was related to both extracellular and intracellular CD3ζ domains present in the TCR:ζ molecule and responsible for enlarged synapse areas.
IKK‐β‐mediated myeloid cell activation exacerbates inflammation and inhibits recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kang Junghee , Jiang Mei Hua , Min Hyun Jung , Jo Eun‐Kyeong , Lee Soojin , Karin Michael , Yune Tae Young , Lee Sung Joong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is followed by massive infiltration and activation of myeloid cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, but the functions of these cells are controversial. In this study, our objective was to elucidate the in vivo role of a signaling pathway involved in activation of these innate immune cells in SCI using myeloid cell‐specific IκB kinase (IKK)‐β conditional knockout (${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ ) mice. In these mice, the ikkβ gene has been specifically deleted from myeloid cells, compromising their in vivo IKK/NF‐κB‐dependent activation. We found that ${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ mice had significantly reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltrations after SCI compared to ikkβ+/+ controls. SCI‐induced proinflammatory gene expression was also reduced in ${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ mice. Reduced neuroinflammation in ${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ mice was accompanied by attenuated neuronal loss and behavioral deficits in motor activity. In addition, the SCI‐induced expression of CXC ligand 1 was reduced in ${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ mice, which may be responsible for the reduced neutrophil infiltration in these mice. Our data demonstrate that IKK‐β‐dependent myeloid cell activation potentiates neuroinflammation and neuronal damage after SCI.
Translocation of an antibody transgene requires AID and occurs by interchromosomal switching to all switch regions except the mu switch region
Authors: Shansab Maryam , Eccleston Jennifer M. , Selsing Erik 
Published: March 2011

AbstractImmunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) occurs most often by intrachromosomal recombinations between switch (S) regions located on a single chromosome, but it can also occur by interchomosomal recombinations between Ig heavy chain (Igh) S regions located on chomosomal homologs. Interchromosomal recombinations have also been found between chromosomes that are not homologs; examples are Igh/c‐myc and Igh/transgene translocations. Most, but not all, studies have indicated that activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is important in Igh/c‐myc translocations. The role of AID has not been determined for Igh/transgene translocations. We now show that the majority of Igh/transgene translocations between non‐homologs from an Ig transgenic mouse are dependent on AID, but we also find a small number of these translocations that can occur in the absence of AID. Surprisingly, our results also indicate that, although Sγ switch sequences in the endogenous Igh locus participate in chromosomal translocations with the non‐homolog transgene‐bearing chromosome, Sμ switch sequences do not. This contrasts with the fact that both endogenous Sμ and Sγ sequences participate in intrachromosomal CSR. Our findings suggest the operation of a regulatory mechanism that can differentially control the accessibility of Sμ and Sγ regions for non‐homolog translocations even when both are accessible for intrachromosomal recombination.
Increased apoptosis, curtailed expansion and incomplete differentiation of CD8+ T cells combine to decrease clearance of L. monocytogenes in old mice
Authors: Smithey Megan J. , Renkema Kristin R. , Rudd Brian D. , Nikolich‐Žugich Janko 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAging is accompanied by altered immunity, resulting in a variable state of poorly understood immunodeficiency. While both the numbers and the functionality of naïve T cells are decreased by aging, the impact of these changes upon immune defense against bacterial pathogens in vivo remains understudied. Using a model of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), where the primary CD8+ T‐cell response is critically important for immune defense, we show that C57BL/6 (B6) mice exhibit an age‐dependent reduction in survival, with delayed bacterial clearance in old animals. Kinetic analysis of antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell expansion showed that CD8+ effectors begin dividing at the same time in old and adult mice, but that the proliferative burst remained incomplete during discrete windows of time and was coupled with increased effector apoptosis in old mice. Further, antilisterial CD8+ T cells in old mice showed altered expression of key phenotypic and effector molecules and diminished polyfunctionality, measured by the ability to simultaneously produce multiple effector molecules. These results suggest that defects in functional maturation of CD8+ cells in aged mice, compounded by (or perhaps coupled to) their reduced expansion in response to infection, yield effector CD8+ T‐cell populations insufficient in size and capability to effectively clear newly encountered intracellular pathogens.
Altered purinergic signaling in CD73‐deficient mice inhibits tumor progression
Authors: Yegutkin Gennady G. , Marttila‐Ichihara Fumiko , Karikoski Marika , Niemelä Jussi , Laurila Juha P. , Elima Kati , Jalkanen Sirpa , Salmi Marko 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCD73/ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase dephosphorylates extracellular AMP into adenosine, and it is a key enzyme in the regulation of adenosinergic signaling. The contribution of host CD73 to tumor growth and anti‐tumor immunity has not been studied. Here, we show that under physiological conditions CD73‐deficient mice had significantly elevated ATPase and ADPase activities in LN T cells. In a melanoma model, the growth of primary tumors and formation of metastasis were significantly attenuated in mice lacking CD73. Among tumor‐infiltrating leukocytes there were fewer Tregs and mannose receptor‐positive macrophages, and increased IFN‐γ and NOS2 mRNA production in CD73‐deficient mice. Treatment of tumor‐bearing animals with soluble apyrase, an enzyme hydrolyzing ATP and ADP, significantly inhibited tumor growth and accumulation of intratumoral Tregs and mannose receptor‐positive macrophages in the WT C57BL/6 mice but not in the CD73‐deficient mice. Pharmacological inhibition of CD73 with α,β‐methylene‐adenosine‐5′‐diphosphate in WT mice retarded tumor progression similarly to the genetic deletion of CD73. Together these data show that increased pericellular ATP degradation in the absence of CD73 activity in the host cells is a novel mechanism controlling anti‐tumor immunity and tumor progression, and that the purinergic balance can be manipulated therapeutically to inhibit tumor growth.
Antibody – Fc receptor interactions in protection against intracellular pathogens
Authors: Joller Nicole , Weber Stefan S. , Oxenius Annette 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntracellular pathogen‐specific antibodies (Abs) can contribute to host protection by a number of different mechanisms. Ab opsonization of pathogens residing outside a host cell can prevent infection of target cells either via neutralization of the critical surface epitopes required for host cell entry, complement‐mediated degradation, or via subsequent intracellular degradation. In the case of intracellular localization, Abs can bind to infected cells and thus mark them for destruction by Fc receptor (FcR)‐bearing effector cells. This review focuses on the protective role of Abs against intracellular bacteria and parasites involving FcR interactions that modulate the intracellular trafficking of the pathogen, the ability of FcRs to interfere with the establishment of an intracellular replicative niche and the involvement of FcRs to modulate pathogen‐specific T‐cell responses.
Ontogeny of thymic cortical epithelial cells expressing the thymoproteasome subunit β5t
Authors: Ripen Adiratna Mat , Nitta Takeshi , Murata Shigeo , Tanaka Keiji , Takahama Yousuke 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProteasomes are responsible for generating peptides presented by class I MHC molecules of the immune system. β5t, a recently identified proteasome component, is specifically expressed in thymic cortical epithelial cells (cTECs) and plays a pivotal role in generating an immunocompetent repertoire of class I MHC‐restricted CD8+ T cells. Here, we report that β5t is detectable in the thymus as early as E12.5 mouse embryos. We also found that β5t expression in cTECs was detectable in mice deficient for RelB or Rag2, indicating that β5t in cTECs is expressed in the absence of thymic medulla formation or thymocyte development beyond the CD4−CD8− stage. β5t expression in the embryonic thymus was not detectable in Foxn1‐deficient nude mice, although its expression was not reduced in mice deficient for both CCR7 and CCR9, in which fetal thymus colonization by leukocytes is defective. These results indicate that β5t expression in cTECs is dependent on Foxn1 but independent of thymocyte crosstalk or thymic medulla formation.
Ph3PAuNTf2 as a Superior Catalyst for the Selective Synthesis of 2H‐Chromenes: Application to the Concise Synthesis of Benzopyran Natural Products
Authors: Lykakis Ioannis N. , Efe Christina , Gryparis Charis , Stratakis Manolis 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPh3PAuNTf2 (≈1 mol‐%) catalyzes the selective cycloisomerization of substituted aryl propargyl ethers into 2H‐chromenes in excellent yields. Benzofuran byproducts are formed only in the case of electron‐deficient arenes, in up to 7 % relative yield. The Ph3PAuNTf2‐catalyzed cyclization of aryl propargyl ethers was applied as a key step to the concise synthesis of the naturally occurring benzopyrans seselin, xanthyletin, precocenes I and II, 8‐(3′,3′‐dimethylallyl)wenteria chromene, and 2,2‐dimethyl‐8‐prenylchromene‐6‐propenoic acid.
Determination of hydrazines by chip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Burns Jacob , Hoffmann Werner , Demattio Horst , Malik Ashok Kumar , Matysik Frank‐Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this report, a new approach for the fast determination of hydrazine compounds (hy) in complex matrices is presented. The experimental protocol is based on poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) microchip separations with contactless conductivity detection using a compact portable device, which integrates all separation and detection components. Three hy (hydrozine (Hy), methylhydrazine (MH), and 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)) were separated within <30 s at a separation voltage of 3.8 kV using a L(−)‐histidine/2‐(N‐morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) (His/MES) buffer (25:50 mM, pH 5.87). The contactless conductivity detection enables detection limits for Hy, MH, and UDMH of 11.9, 35.5, and 337.8 ng/mL, respectively, with linear concentration dependence up to 10 μg/mL. In complex matrices such as soil samples or river water, interferences were eliminated by implementing ultrasound‐assisted headspace single‐drop microextraction of hy under strongly alkaline conditions, using an aqueous drop of His/MES buffer as the extractant phase. The incorporation of this miniaturized sample preparation step led to improved limits of detection for Hy, MH, and UDMH of 6.5, 15.3, and 11.4 ng/mL, respectively. The overall protocol demonstrates a promising approach for interfacing chip electrophoresis with real‐world applications.
Determination of muscle relaxants pancuronium and vecuronium bromide by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Petrů Klára , Jáč Pavel , Lužová Veronika , Kuneš Jiří , Polášek Miroslav 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel capillary electrophoretic method for the separation of pancuronium (PM) and vecuronium (VM) ions utilizing capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was devised and validated. The separation was carried out in bare fused‐silica capillaries (50 μm id, 75/45 cm) at 25°C. Optimal BGE was 50 mM borate buffer of pH 9.5 containing 12.5 mg/mL of (2‐hydoxypropyl)‐γ‐CD. The samples were injected hydrodynamically at 1000 mbar for 3 s. Separation was performed at +30 kV. Under such conditions the PM and VM were base‐line resolved and the separation took <4 min. For quantification phenyltrimethylammonium iodide was used as internal standard. Calibration curves were linear for both pancuronium bromide (PMB) and vecuronium bromide (VMB) in the range 25–250 μg/mL with r>0.9968. The limits of detection were 7 and 6 μg/mL for PMB and VMB, respectively. The accuracy tested by recovery experiment at three concentration levels of added PMB and VMB was satisfactory (95.7–102.7%, n=3, with RSD <2.61%). The method was successfully applied to the assay of PMB and VMB in commercial injection solutions.
Analysis of polyphenols in white wine by CZE with amperometric detection using carbon nanotube‐modified electrodes
Authors: Moreno Mónica , Arribas Alberto Sánchez , Bermejo Esperanza , Zapardiel Antonio , Chicharro Manuel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA method for the simultaneous detection of five polyphenols (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and gallic acids and (+)‐catechin) by CZE with electrochemical detection was developed. Separation of these polyphenols was performed in a 100 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2) within 15 min. Under optimized separation conditions, the performance of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube layer obtained from different dispersions was examined. GC electrode modified with a dispersion of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polyethylenimine has proven to be the most suitable CNT‐based electrode for its application as amperometric detector for the CZE separation of the studied compounds. The excellent electrochemical properties of this electrode allowed the detection of the selected polyphenols at +200 mV and improved the efficiency and the resolution of their CZE separation. Limits of detection below 3.1 μM were obtained with linear ranges covering the 10−5 to 10−4 M range. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the detection (ferulic, caffeic and gallic acids and (+)‐catechin) and the quantification (gallic acid and (+)‐catechin) of polyphenols in two different white wines without any preconcentration step. A remarkable signal stability was observed on the electrode performance despite the presence of potential fouling substances in wine.