bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic, Communication and Psychological Characteristics of Rural Women from Migrant Households in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Pandey Kanika , Arya Neha , Singh Smriti 
Published: February 2025

Aim: Majority of the rural population in the hills either survives on subsistence agriculture or migrates for better livelihood opportunities.
Background: The Uttarakhand state has witnessed significant changes in its demographic structure with slow decadal growth of population in the hilly regions during the period 2001-2011. The high incidence of male out-migration has altered the general demographics and socio-cultural framework of the state, resulting in various changes in the lives of rural women. Rural women face greater vulnerability and various problems due to male out-migration and limited livelihood opportunities. This study attempted to find socio-economic, communication and psychological characteristics of rural women from migrant households.
Study Design: The descriptive research design was used to meet the objective of the study.
Methodology: The study was purposively carried out in Almora district of Uttarakhand. Out of the total 11 blocks, one block i.e. Dwarahat was selected randomly. Two villages viz. Talli Mirai and Kaphara were selected randomly and rural women (18-55 years) were choosen. With help of census method 112 respondents were studied.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that majority of the rural women were in the age group of 31- 42 years, mostly married; majority of respondents belonged to General category, had middle level (upto class 8th) educational qualifications, had a medium-sized (4-7 members) nuclear family, had small land holding (0.08- 0.44 acre), involved in farming activities and had low monthly income (Rs 2000-6000). Only 25.00 percent of respondents had received training in the last three years. Majority of them categorized under medium level of innovativeness (58.93%), slightly more than half of the respondents (52.68%) had medium level of change proneness. Majority of respondents (65.18%) belonged to medium category of economic motivation and about (62.50%) had medium level of risk preference.
Engineering Water‐Stiffening Polymers via PEG‐Sidechain‐Mediated Microphase Separation
Authors: Sheng Yifeng , Ming Xiaoqing , Lin Chengjiang , Yang Chang , Guo Xiwei , Duan Xiaozheng , Zhu He , Zhang Qi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStiffness‐variable polymers have found their enormous potential in practical applications that require automatic adaptation and modulation. However, prevailing materials are often constrained by specific operational triggers, limited mechanical responsiveness, and inadequate universality. In this study, drawing inspiration from the mechanism of non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS), a novel series of polymers exhibiting reversible water‐triggered stiffening is designed and synthesized by covalently incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a non‐solvent mediator onto the hydrophobic poly(meth)acrylates backbones. Owing to the hydrophilicity difference between PEG sidechains and backbones, these polymers display swift and substantial alterations in stiffness, with large‐scale and regulable changes (from several‐fold to exceeding 200‐fold) upon water penetration, resulting from water‐induced microphase separation. Meanwhile, the polymers also possess intrinsic dual‐responsive shape‐memory properties. Due to the excellent commercial availability, versatility, and designability of these polymers, the work provides novel perspectives for the advancement of water‐triggered stiffening materials and opens avenues for their prospective applications in various domains.
Strategies for Tuning Tensile Strain and Localized Electrons in a Mo‐Doped NiCoCu Alloy for Enhancing Ampere‐Level Current Density HER Performance
Authors: Qian Guangfu , Wang Yunpeng , Li Liancen , Lu Minsheng , Chen Changzhou , Min Douyong , Wei Zengxi , Tsiakaras Panagiotis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping high‐activity non‐noble metal catalysts for improving the ability of water dissociation and H* adsorption/desorption in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process in alkaline and neutral electrolytes is essential but remains challenging. Herein, a Mo‐doped NiCoCu alloy with tuned tensile strain and localized electrons is designed and synthesized by combining the solvothermal and annealing methods for achieving ampere‐level HER performance. Theoretical calculation results prove that Mo doping induces lattice tensile strain and localized electrons (electrons from Mo to the Ni/Co/Cu atoms), promoting the adsorption of O* and H* from H2O molecules on the Mo and Co sites and accelerating water dissociation. Therefore, NiCoCu‐Mo0.078/CF (CF = copper foam) shows low water dissociation energy, providing sufficient H* during the HER process. Meanwhile, its H* Gibbs free energy value is near zero, implying a rapid H* adsorption/desorption process. Electrochemical results show that NiCoCu‐Mo0.078/CF achieves better HER intrinsic activity in both a 1.0 m KOH (η−10 /η−1000 = 35/212 mV) and a 1.0 m phosphate buffer solution (η−10 /η−1000 = 24/256 mV) compared to NiCoCu‐Mo0/CF and NiCoCu‐Mo0.163/CF, and it can continuously operate for 100 h at −1000 mA cm−2. This work shows a sustainable way to design high‐performance catalysts for water electrolysis and proposes a well‐performing HER catalyst.
Li‐Doping and Ag‐Alloying Interplay Shows the Pathway for Kesterite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 14%
Authors: Gong Yuancai , Jimenez‐Arguijo Alex , Medaille Axel Gon , Moser Simon , Basak Arindam , Scaffidi Romain , Carron Romain , Flandre Denis , Vermang Bart , Giraldo Sergio , Xin Hao , Perez‐Rodriguez Alejandro , Saucedo Edgardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractKesterite photovoltaic technologies are critical for the deployment of light‐harvesting devices in buildings and products, enabling energy sustainable buildings, and households. The recent improvements in kesterite power conversion efficiencies have focused on improving solution‐based precursors by improving the material phase purity, grain quality, and grain boundaries with many extrinsic doping and alloying agents (Ag, Cd, Ge…). The reported progress for solution‐based precursors has been achieved due to a grain growth in more electronically intrinsic conditions. However, the kesterite device performance is dependent on the majority carrier density and sub‐optimal carrier concentrations of 1014–1015 cm−3have been consistently reported. Increasing the majority carrier density by one order of magnitude would increase the efficiency ceiling of kesterite solar cells, making the 20% target much more realistic. In this work, LiClO4is introduced as a highly soluble and highly thermally stable Li precursor salt which leads to optimal (>1016 cm−3) carrier concentration without a significant impact in other relevant optoelectronic properties. The findings presented in this work demonstrate that the interplay between Li‐doping and Ag‐alloying enables a reproducible and statistically significant improvement in the device performance leading to efficiencies up to 14.1%.
Room‐Temperature Single‐Mode Plasmonic Perovskite Nanolasers with Sub‐Picosecond Pulses
Authors: Li Guohui , Tao Jianxun , Hou Zhen , Zhao Kefan , Zhao Ruofan , Ji Ting , Zhang Qing , Xiong Qihua , Zheng Kaibo , Pullerits Tonu , Cui Yanxia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the explosive growth of communication traffic, increasing the modulation bandwidth of semiconductor lasers has attracted significant attention. However, after rapid progress is achieved, further increasing the modulation bandwidth of semiconductor lasers is hampered by the slow charge‐carrier dynamics. Here, a room temperature, single‐mode perovskite nanolaser with sub‐picosecond pulses, enabled by high Purcell enhancement is reported. This enhancement is achieved via transferring an atomically smooth perovskite nanoplatelet onto the surface of an ultra‐smooth SiO2/Ag film. This nanolaser features a low mode volume (V) as low as 0.137 µm3, a high‐quality factor (Q) up to 2180, and a low lasing threshold of 36.65 µJ cm−2. The Q value of the laser is one order of magnitude higher than that of state‐of‐the‐art nanolasers. The smoothness of both the nanoplatelet and the SiO2/Ag film in the laser is critical to achieving a high Purcell enhancement. Polarization analysis reveals that the laser emission consists of a transvere‐magnetic (TM) polarized surface plasmon mode and a transverse‐electric (TE) polarized photonic mode. Furthermore, ultrafast charge‐carrier dynamics indicate the surface plasmon decay time can be as short as 0.6 ± 0.4 ps due to the high Purcell enhancement. This work opens up the possibility of developing nanolasers with high bandwidths and ultra‐small sizes.
Electrohydrodynamic Direct‐Writing Micro/Nanofibrous Architectures: Principle, Materials, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Zhengjiang , Jia Jinqiao , Lei Qi , Wei Yan , Hu Yinchun , Lian Xiaojie , Zhao Liqin , Xie Xin , Bai Haiqing , He Xiaomin , Si Longlong , Livermore Carol , Kuang Rong , Zhang Yi , Wang Jiucun , Yu Zhaoyan , Ma Xudong , Huang Di 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic (EHD) direct‐writing has recently gained attention as a highly promising additive manufacturing strategy for fabricating intricate micro/nanoscale architectures. This technique is particularly well‐suited for mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) present in biological tissue, which serves a vital function in facilitating cell colonization, migration, and growth. The integration of EHD direct‐writing with other techniques has been employed to enhance the biological performance of scaffolds, and significant advancements have been made in the development of tailored scaffold architectures and constituents to meet the specific requirements of various biomedical applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of EHD direct‐writing is provided, including its underlying principles, demonstrated materials systems, and biomedical applications. A brief chronology of EHD direct‐writing is provided, along with an examination of the observed phenomena that occur during the printing process. The impact of biomaterial selection and architectural topographic cues on biological performance is also highlighted. Finally, the major limitations associated with EHD direct‐writing are discussed.
An Active Self‐Mitochondria‐Targeting Cyanine Immunomodulator for Near‐Infrared II Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Synergistic Photodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Jin‐Feng , Wen Yu , Li Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy targeting mitochondria represents a promising therapeutic strategy for fighting diverse types of cancers. However, the currently available photosensitizers (PSs) suffer from insufficient therapeutic potency, limited mitochondria delivery efficiency, and the inability to treat invisible metastatic distal cancers. Herein, an active self‐mitochondria‐targeting heptapeptide cyanine (HCy) immunomodulator (I2HCy‐QAP) is reported for near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging‐guided photodynamic immunotherapy of primary and distal metastatic cancers. The I2HCy‐QAP is designed by introducing a quaternary ammonium salt with a phenethylamine skeleton (QAP) into the iodinated HCy photosensitizer. The I2HCy‐QAP can precisely target mitochondria due to the lipophilic cationic QAP unit, present strong NIR‐II fluorescence tail emission, and effectively generate singlet oxygen 1O2 under NIR laser irradiation, thereby inducing mitochondria‐targeted damages and eliciting strong systemic immunogenic cell death immune responses. The combination of the I2HCy‐QAP‐mediated photodynamic immunotherapy with anti‐programmed death‐1 antibody therapy achieves remarkable therapeutic efficacy against both primary and distal metastatic cancers with significant inhibition of lung metastasis in a triple‐negative breast cancer model. This work provides a new concept for designing high‐performance NIR emissive cyanine immunomodulators for NIR‐II fluorescence‐guided photodynamic immunotherapy.
Flaring Inflammation and ER Stress by an Organelle‐Specific Fluorescent Cage
Authors: Fakim Aliyah , Maatouk Batoul I. , Maiti Bappa , Dey Avishek , Alotaiby Shahad H. , Moosa Basem A. , Lin Weibin , Khashab Niveen M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in protein synthesis and its disruption can cause protein unfolding and misfolding. Accumulation of such proteins leads to ER stress, which ultimately promotes many diseases. Routine screening of ER activity in immune cells can flag serious conditions at early stages, but the current clinically used bio‐probes have limitations. Herein, an ER‐specific fluorophore based on a biocompatible benzothiadiazole‐imine cage (BTD‐cage) with excellent photophysical properties is developed. The cage outperforms commercially available ER stains in long‐term live cell imaging with no fading or photobleaching over time. The cage is responsive to different levels of ER stress where its fluorescence increases accordingly. Incorporating the bio‐probe into an immune disorder model, a 6‐, 21‐, and 48‐fold increase in intensity is shown in THP‐1, Raw 246.7, and Jurkat cells, respectively (within 15 min). These results strongly support that this system can be used for rapid visual and selective detection of ER stress. It is envisaged that tailoring molecular interactions and molecular recognition using supramolecular improved fluorophores can expand the library of biological probes for enhanced selectivity and targetability toward cellular organelles.
Magnetically Guided Adeno‐Associated Virus Delivery for the Spatially Targeted Transduction of Retina in Eyes
Authors: Ahn Seungkuk , Siontas Oliver , Koester Janis , Krol Jacek , Fauser Sascha , Müller Daniel J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdeno‐associated viruses (AAVs) are intensively explored for gene therapies in general and have found promising applications for treating retina diseases. However, controlling the specificity (tropism) and delivery of AAVs to selected layers, cell types, and areas of the retina is a major challenge to further develop retinal gene therapies. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) provide effective delivery platforms to magnetically guide therapeutics to target cells. Yet, how MNPs can deliver AAVs to transfect particular retina layers and cells remains elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that MNPs can be used to transport different AAVs through the retina and to modulate the selective transduction of specific retinal layers or photoreceptor cells in ex vivo porcine explants and whole eyes. Thereby, transduction is triggered by bringing the viruses in close proximity to the target cell layer and by controlling their interaction time. It is shown that this magnetically guided approach to transport AAVs to selected areas and layers of the retina does not require the cell‐specific optimization of the AAV tropism. It is anticipated that the new approach to control the delivery of AAVs and to selectively transduce cellular systems can be applied to many other tissues or organs to selectively deliver genes of interest.
2D Materials‐Based Thermal Interface Materials: Structure, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Dai Wen , Wang Yandong , Li Maohua , Chen Lu , Yan Qingwei , Yu Jinhong , Jiang Nan , Lin Cheng‐Te 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe challenges associated with heat dissipation in high‐power electronic devices used in communication, new energy, and aerospace equipment have spurred an urgent need for high‐performance thermal interface materials (TIMs) to establish efficient heat transfer pathways from the heater (chip) to heat sinks. Recently, emerging 2D materials, such as graphene and boron nitride, renowned for their ultrahigh basal‐plane thermal conductivity and the capacity to facilitate cross‐scale, multi‐morphic structural design, have found widespread use as thermal fillers in the production of high‐performance TIMs. To deepen the understanding of 2D material‐based TIMs, this review focuses primarily on graphene and boron nitride‐based TIMs, exploring their structures, properties, and applications. Building on this foundation, the developmental history of these TIMs is emphasized and a detailed analysis of critical challenges and potential solutions is provided. Additionally, the preparation and application of some other novel 2D materials‐based TIMs are briefly introduced, aiming to offer constructive guidance for the future development of high‐performance TIMs.
Stepwise Charge/Energy Transfer in MR‐TADF Molecule‐Doped Exciplex for Ultralong Persistent Luminescence Activated with Visible Light
Authors: Jin Pengfei , Wei Xiaofang , Yin Baipeng , Xu Lixin , Guo Yunlong , Zhang Chuang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrganic long‐persistent luminescence (OLPL), which relies on energy storage for delayed light emission by the charge separation state, has attracted intense attention in various optical applications. However, charge separation (CS) is efficient only under ultraviolet excitation in most OLPL systems because it requires a driving force from the large energy difference between the local excited (LE) and charge transfer (CT) states. In this study, a multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) molecule is incorporated into an exciplex system to achieve efficient OLPL in a composite material activated by visible light via a stepwise charge/energy transfer process. The enhanced absorption of the composite material facilitated a tenfold increase in the duration of the OLPL, which can last for several hours under visible light excitation. The excited state of the MR‐TADF molecule tends to charge transfer to the acceptor, followed by energy transfer to the exciplex, which benefits from the small difference between the LE and CT states owing to the inherent CS characteristics of the opposing resonance effect. Afterglow displays of these composite materials are fabricated to demonstrate their considerable potential in encryption patterns and emergency lights, which take advantage of their excellent processability, visible light activation, and tunable luminescence properties.
Giant Iontronic Flexoelectricity in Soft Hydrogels Induced by Tunable Biomimetic Ion Polarization
Authors: Jia Luyao , Li Longwei , Guo Zi Hao , Sun Hao , Huang Haiming , Sun Fuchun , Wang Zhong Lin , Pu Xiong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlexoelectricity features the strain gradient‐induced mechanoelectric conversion using materials not limited by their crystalline symmetry, but state‐of‐the‐art flexoelectric materials exhibit very small flexoelectric coefficients and are too brittle to withstand large deformations. Here, inspired by the ion polarization in living organisms, this paper reports the giant iontronic flexoelectricity of soft hydrogels where the ion polarization is attributed to the different transfer rates of cations and anions under bending deformations. The flexoelectricity is found to be easily regulated by the types of anion–cation pairs and polymer networks in the hydrogel. A polyacrylamide hydrogel with 1 m NaCl achieves a record‐high flexoelectric coefficient of ≈1160 µC m−1, which can even be improved to ≈2340 µC m−1 by synergizing with the effects of ion pairs and extra polycation chains. Furthermore, the hydrogel as flexoelectric materials can withstand larger bending deformations to obtain higher polarization charges owing to its intrinsic low modulus and high elasticity. A soft flexoelectric sensor is then demonstrated for object recognition by robotic hands. The findings greatly broaden the flexoelectricity to soft, biomimetic, and biocompatible materials and applications.
Construction of Difluorinated Cycloheptadienones via Substrate‐Controlled Regioselective Conjugate Addition of Difluoroenoxysilanes to Tropones and Their Anticancer Activity
Authors: Wang Xi‐Yu , Guo Yan‐Zhi , Shi Shanshan , Li Shiliang , Yu Jin‐Sheng , Dong Su‐Zhen , Hao Yong‐Jia , Zhou Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe substrate‐controlled regioselective conjugate addition (1,8‐ and 1,4‐addition) of tropones with difluoroenoxysilanes is reported, which offered an approach for the selective synthesis of multifunctional seven‐membered 3,5‐cycloheptadien‐1‐ones and 1,3‐cycloheptadien‐1‐ones featuring a gem‐difluoroketone moiety. Moreover, these fluorinated cyclo‐heptadienones exhibit effective anti‐proliferative activities (IC50<1 μM) for human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells in vitro, thus providing potential lead compounds for developing new anticancer agents.
Application of Primary Phosphine Oxides in Domino‐Phospha‐Aldol Reactions of Diketones
Authors: Horký Filip , Bruhn Clemens , Kargin Denis , Pietschnig Rudolf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn approach for the preparation and stabilization of primary phosphine oxides is presented complementing previous methods of in situ generation. Specifically, RP(O)H2 where R=benzyl (Bn), cyclohexyl (Cy), 2‐naphthyl (2‐Naph), phenyl (Ph), tert‐butyl (t‐Bu) was prepared by controlled oxidation of the corresponding primary phosphine in presence of ferrocene as stabilizing reagent. The primary phosphine oxides were characterized using NMR and MS and studied in twofold hydrophosphorylation of diketones. The domino‐phospha‐aldol reaction catalysed with 5 mol% of sodium methoxide yielded five‐, six‐ and seven‐membered heterocyclic tertiary phosphine oxides with a high degree of stereoselectivity, as confirmed by single X‐ray diffraction.
In Vivo Combined Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Treatment of HPV‐Negative Head and Neck Carcinoma with NIR‐Responsive Non‐Persistent Plasmon Nano‐Architectures
Authors: Frusca Valentina , Cavallini Chiara , Zamborlin Agata , Drava Giuliana , Barone Virginia , Gherardini Lisa , Chiariello Mario , Armanetti Paolo , Ermini Maria Laura , Menichetti Luca , Voliani Valerio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe combination of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) is an attractive approach in cancer management due to the non‐invasive features combined with real‐time imaging and selective tissue damage by non‐ionizing radiation. This approach is especially appealing for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) management, where up to 40% of patients require modifications of the treatment regimen. On the other hand, most of the agents developed for PAI/PTT suffer from persistence or re‐shaping issues. Here, a unique non‐persistent plasmon nano‐architecture (tNAs‐IRDye) is presented that simultaneously acts as a contrast agent for PAI and as a photothermal transducer for PTT. The tNAs‐IRDye are fully characterized and evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, and their performance as theranostic agents is assessed in HPV‐negative HNSCC murine models. A significant modulation of tumor growth is obtained in vivo upon intratumoral injection of tNAs‐IRDye and subsequent NIR irradiation compared to the solely irradiated control. The outcomes of this study exhibit a noteworthy potential to foster the development of innovative clinical strategies for the management of HPV‐negative head and neck carcinoma.