bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point‐of‐care laboratory halves door‐to‐therapy‐decision time in acute stroke
Authors: Walter Silke , Kostopoulos Panagiotis , Haass Anton , Lesmeister Martin , Grasu Mihaela , Grunwald Iris , Keller Isabel , Helwig Stephan , Becker Carmen , Geisel Juergen , Bertsch Thomas , Kaffiné Sarah , Leingärtner Annika , Papanagiotou Panagiotis , Roth Christian , Liu Yang , Reith Wolfgang , Fassbender Klaus 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCurrently, stroke laboratory examinations are usually performed in the centralized hospital laboratory, but often planned thrombolysis is given before all results are available, to minimize delay. In this study, we examined the feasibility of gaining valuable time by transferring the complete stroke laboratory workup required by stroke guidelines to a point‐of‐care laboratory system, that is, placed at a stroke treatment room contiguous to the computed tomography, where the patients are admitted and where they obtain neurological, laboratory, and imaging examinations and treatment by the same dedicated team. Our results showed that reconfiguration of the entire stroke laboratory analysis to a point‐of‐care system was feasible for 200 consecutively admitted patients. This strategy reduced the door‐to‐therapy‐decision times from 84 ± 26 to 40 ± 24 min (p < 0.001). Results of most laboratory tests (except activated partial thromboplastin time and international normalized ratio) revealed close agreement with results from a standard centralized hospital laboratory. These findings may offer a new solution for the integration of laboratory workup into routine hyperacute stroke management. Ann Neurol 2011;
Emotion, Decision, and Risk: Betting on Gambles versus Betting on People
Authors: Kugler Tamar , Connolly Terry , Ordóñez Lisa D. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTWe examined the effects of two emotions, fear and anger, on risk‐taking behavior in two types of tasks: Those in which uncertainty is generated by a randomizing device (“lottery risk”) and those in which it is generated by the uncertain behavior of another person (“person‐based risk”). Participants first completed a writing task to induce fear or anger. They then made choices either between lotteries (Experiment 1) or between actions in risky two‐person decisions (Experiments 2 and 3). The experiments involved substantial real‐money payoffs. Replicating earlier studies (which used hypothetical rewards), Experiment 1 showed that fearful participants were more risk‐averse than angry participants in lottery‐risk tasks. However—the key result of this study—fearful participants were substantiallylessrisk‐averse than angry participants in a two‐person task involving person‐based risk (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 offered options and payoffs identical to those of Experiment 2 but with lottery‐type risk. Risk‐taking returned to the pattern of Experiment 1. The impact of incidental emotions on risk‐taking appears to be contingent on the class of uncertainty involved. For lottery risk, fear increased the frequency of risk‐averse choices and anger reduced it. The reverse pattern was found when uncertainty in the decision was person‐based. Further, the effect was specifically on differences in willingness to take risks rather than on differences in judgments of how much risk was present. The impact of different emotions on risk‐taking or risk‐avoiding behavior is thus contingent on the type, as well as the degree, of uncertainty the decision maker faces. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic ideas and concepts for multiple comparison procedures
Authors: Takeuchi Kei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAround 1970, the author proposed a general theoretical approach to multiple decision problems (MDPs) of which multiple comparison problems (MCPs) are special cases. Suppose that a sample space ${\cal X}$ is given together with a set of probability distributions $P = \{ P_{\rm {\theta}}, {\rm {\theta}} \in {\Omega}\}$ defined over ${\cal X}$. Let a finite partition of the parameter space $\Omega = \cup {\rm {\omega}} _a, \;a \in A$ be given. Based on the observation $X \in {\cal X}$, an MDP is to decide, which ωa the true parameter θ belongs to. An MD confidence procedure is a mapping ψ from ${\cal X}$ to the class of subsets of A, such that the probability that $\cup {\rm {\omega}} _a, {\rm {\omega}} _a \subset {\rm {\psi}} (X)$ includes the true parameter θ is not smaller than 1−αθ. Here, 1−αθ is called the level of the confidence procedures and may vary depending on θ∈ωa. The MP confidence procedures are derived from the following proposition. When the ωa's are mutually disjoint, there is a one‐to‐one correspondence between an MD confidence procedure ψ and a collection of (non‐randomized) tests for the hypotheses Ha : θ∈ωa with level αa by rejecting the hypothesis Ha if ${\rm {\omega}} _a \;\notin\;{\rm {\psi}} (X)$. In this paper we discuss in detail the problems of determining the signs or the orderings of normal means. The resulting confidence procedures from the LR tests are seen to be too complicated and difficult to understand. We therefore propose simplified, less powerful methods. We define an overlapping partition of Ω into simple sets, such that the original ωa's can be expressed as an intersection of such simple sets. For each such set we define rejection regions corresponding to the levels α, α/2,...,α/k. Then we obtain the acceptance regions for Ha : θ∈ωa given as the intersection of all acceptance regions for the simple sets containing ωa at the level α/k, if there are k such simple sets. This method can be extended to obtain sequential confidence procedures.
Mechanoluminescence properties of gamma‐ray‐irradiated BaSO4:Eu phosphors
Authors: Upadhyay A. K. , Dhoble S. J. , Kher R S 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTBaSO4 activated with various concentrations of Eu were prepared by solid‐state reaction technique. Thermoluminescence (TL) and mecanoluminescence (ML) of γ‐ray‐irradiated BaSO4:Eu2O3 phosphors were recorded. In the TL glow curve of the phosphor a single peak at 170°C was observed. The TL of the phosphors were also recorded after deforming the phosphors by dropping a piston of mass 0.4 kg onto them with different impact velocities. TL intensity (after deformation) decreased with increasing the impact velocity. In the ML intensity vs time curve two peaks were observed. ML intensity increased with increasing impact velocity of the piston and the time corresponding to peak ML intensity shifted to a shorter time value. ML intensity decreased drastically when it was recorded after annealing the sample at 170°C. The BaSO4 phosphors activated with 0.1 mol% of Eu2O3 showed optimum TL and ML. The photoluminescence emission spectrum of the sample showed that Eu enters as Eu2+ ion in host lattice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical and photophysical mechanism of fluorescence enhancement of 3‐quinolineboronic acid upon change of pH and binding with carbohydrates
Authors: Shen Qian Jin , Jin Wei Jun 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe free 3‐quinolineboronic acid (3‐QBA) with the lowest (n–π*) excited singlet is non‐ or weakly fluorescent while protonated 3‐QBA has the lowest (π–π*) excited singlet state and is highly fluorescent. The hybridization of boronic atom or charge transfer from aromatic ring to boronic acid group plays a secondary role in affecting fluorescence intensity. Binding with carbohydrate at a proper acidity, the hybridization of boron atom changes from sp2 to sp3 and the nitrogen atom in the quinoline ring is partially protonated, resulting in large enhancement of fluorescence. Meanwhile, the fluorescent lifetime of 3‐QBA produces obvious change by binding with carbohydrates. Quinoline boronic acid is an important water‐soluble fluorescence sensor for carbohydrate recognition. Both the remarkable changes in intensity and lifetime of 3‐QBA can act as working parameters in recognition of carbohydrates at physiological pH. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistance Properties of a Bend in Dense‐Phase Pneumatic Conveying of Pulverized Coal under High Pressure
Authors: Zhou Y. , Chen X.‐p. , Liang C. , Xu P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractExperiments of high‐pressure dense‐phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal with different mean particle sizes using nitrogen were carried out in an experimental test facility with a conveying pressure of up to 4 MPa. The effects of three representative operating parameters (solids‐to‐gas mass flow ratio, conveying pressure, mean particle size) on the total pressure drop were examined. The pressure drops across the horizontal and vertical bends were analyzed by experimental and analytical calculation. The results show that the pressure drop due to gas friction is of much less significance, while the pressure drop due to the solids friction component of the total pressure drop dominates. There exists a relationship between the pressure drop due to solids kinetic energy loss and mass flux of solids.
Configurational and Constitutional Information Storage: Multiple Dynamics in Systems Based on Pyridyl and Acyl Hydrazones
Authors: Chaur Manuel N. , Collado Daniel , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe CN group of hydrazones can undergo E/Z isomerization both photochemically and thermally, allowing the generation of a closed process that can be tuned by either of these two physical stimuli. On the other hand, hydrazine‐exchange reactions enable a constitutional change in a given hydrazone. The two classes of processes: 1) configurational (physically stimulated) and 2) constitutional (chemically stimulated) give access to short‐term and long‐term information storage, respectively. Such transformations are reported herein for two hydrazones (bis‐pyridyl hydrazone and 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde phenylhydrazone) that undergo a closed, chemically or physically driven process, and, in addition, can be locked or unlocked at will by metal‐ion coordination or removal. These features also extend to acyl hydrazones derived from 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde. Similarly to the terpydine‐like hydrazones, such acyl hydrazones can undergo both constitutional and configurational changes, as well as metal‐ion coordination. All these types of hydrazones represent dynamic systems capable of acting as multiple state molecular devices, in which the presence of coordination sites furthermore allows the metal ion‐controlled locking and unlocking of the interconversion of the different states.
Total Synthesis of Iso‐ and Bongkrekic Acids: Natural Antibiotics Displaying Potent Antiapoptotic Properties
Authors: Français Antoine , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Etxebarria‐Jardi Gorka , Peña Javier , Ley Steven V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFor over five decades, owing to their antiapoptotic activities, bongkrekic and isobongkrekic acids have generated interest from the scientific community. Here, we disclose full details of our investigation into the synthesis of isobongkrekic acid, which culminated in its first preparation and features various palladium‐catalysed cross‐couplings and Takai olefination reactions. Access to bongkrekic acid is also reported by this route. These syntheses involve the preparation and use of new general building blocks which could find wider applications.
Rapid and Quantitative Disulfide Bond Formation for a Polypeptide Chain Using a Cyclic Selenoxide Reagent in an Aqueous Medium
Authors: Arai Kenta , Dedachi Kenichi , Iwaoka Michio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo elucidate the reaction mechanism of the disulfide (SS) bond formation reaction of a polypeptide molecule with a water‐soluble selenoxide reagent, trans‐3,4‐dihydroxyselenolane oxide (DHSox), short‐term oxidation experiments were carried out for the reduced state (R) of a recombinant hirudin CX‐397 variant at pH 7.0 and 25 °C. In the reaction, R was oxidized sequentially to one‐SS, two‐SS, and three‐SS intermediate ensembles within 1 min. The kinetic analysis revealed that the three second‐order rate constants for the SS formation are proportional to the number of thiol groups existing in the reactant SS intermediates, indicating the stochastic nature of the SS formation. Ab initio calculation at the HF/6‐31++G(d,p) level in water by using the polarizable continuum model suggested that the SS formation reaction is highly exothermic and proceeds via a reactive thioselenurane intermediate with a distorted linear O‐Se‐S linkage. The results clearly demonstrated that the rate‐determining step of the SS formation reaction is the first bimolecular process between a thiol substrate and DHSox rather than the subsequent process to release a SS product.
Patient navigation for American Indians undergoing cancer treatment
Authors: Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh , Boylan Amy , Sargent Michele , Koop David , Brunette Deb , Kanekar Shalini , Shortbull Vanessa , Molloy Kevin , Petereit Daniel G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:A study was undertaken to assess patient navigation utilization and its impact on treatment interruptions and clinical trial enrollment among American Indian cancer patients.METHODS:Between February 2004 and September 2009, 332 American Indian cancer patients received patient navigation services throughout cancer treatment. The patient navigation program provided culturally competent navigators to assist patients with navigating cancer therapy, obtaining medications, insurance issues, communicating with medical providers, and travel and lodging logistics. Data on utilization and trial enrollment were prospectively collected. Data for a historical control group of 70 American Indian patients who did not receive patient navigation services were used to compare treatment interruptions among those undergoing patient navigation during curative radiation therapy (subgroup of 123 patients).RESULTS:The median number of contacts with a navigator was 12 (range, 1‐119). The median time spent with the navigator at first contact was 40 minutes (range, 10‐250 minutes), and it was 15 minutes for subsequent contacts. Patients treated with radiation therapy with curative intent who underwent patient navigation had fewer days of treatment interruption (mean, 1.7 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐2.2 days) than historical controls who did not receive patient navigation services (mean, 4.9 days; 95% CI, 2.9‐6.9 days). Of the 332 patients, 72 (22%; 95% CI, 17%‐26%) were enrolled on a clinical treatment trial or cancer control protocol.CONCLUSIONS:Patient navigation was associated with fewer treatment interruptions and relatively high rates of clinical trial enrollment among American Indian cancer patients compared with national reports. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
P2P schema‐mapping over network‐bound XML data
Authors: Comito Carmela , Talia Domenico 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe rise in availability of web‐based data sources has led to new challenges in data integration systems for obtaining decentralized, wide‐scale sharing of data preserving semantics. In this paper, we present a framework for integrating heterogeneous XML data sources distributed over a large‐scale, highly dynamic network of autonomous nodes. We highlight a query reformulation algorithm to combine and query‐distributed XML databases through a decentralized point‐to‐point mediation process among the different data sources by using P2P schema‐mappings. More precisely, our integration model is based on path‐to‐path mappings, using the XPath language. We demonstrate the usefulness and scalability of our ideas and algorithms with a detailed set of experiments. Finally, we discuss our experience implementing the above‐cited query reformulation algorithm as a Web service within the GDIS system, a service‐based Grid architecture. We have evaluated GDIS on several real‐world schemas with promising results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photophysics of New Photostable Rylene Derivatives: Applications in Single‐Molecule Studies and Membrane Labelling
Authors: Davies Melari , Jung Christophe , Wallis Philipp , Schnitzler Tobias , Li Chen , Müllen Klaus , Bräuchle Christoph 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThree new photostable rylene dyes for applications in single molecule studies and membrane labelling have been synthesized and their photophysical properties were characterized. These dyes differ in the number of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains attached to the core structure which is either a perylene derivate or a terrylene derivate. One perylene and one terrylene dye is modified with two PEG chains, and another terrylene derivate has four PEG chains. The results show that the terrylene dye with four PEG chains (4‐PEG‐TDI) forms soluble nonfluorescing H‐aggregates in water, so that the absorption bands are blue‐shifted with respect to those of the fluorescing monomeric form. The presence of a surfactant such as Pluronic P123 leads to the disruption of the aggregates due to the formation of monomers in micelles and a strong increase in fluorescence. Application for labelling cell membranes can be considered for this dye since it adsorbs in a similar way as monomer to a lipid bilayer. Furthermore a single‐molecule study of all three rylene dyes in polymeric films of PMMA showed excellent photostability with respect to photobleaching, far above the photostability of other common water‐soluble dyes, such as Oxazine‐1, Atto647N, Cy5, Alexa647 and Rhodamin6G. Especially 4‐PEG‐TDI seems to be a promising dye for membrane labelling with its high photostability.
Enhanced Photoactivity in Bilayer Films with Buried Rutile–Anatase Heterojunctions
Authors: Romero‐Gomez Pablo , Borras Ana , Barranco Angel , Espinos Juan P. , Gonzalez‐Elipe Agustin R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHerein, we study the photoactivity of anatase–rutile bilayer thin films consisting of an anatase overlayer of variable thickness from some tenths to some hundred nanometers deposited onto a rutile thin film. As references single anatase layers of equivalent thickness were deposited onto silicon. All the films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The photoactivity of the samples was assessed by following the evolution with the UV illumination time of both the wetting angle on the thin film surface and the decoloration of a dye in a water solution. While a similar efficiency is found for the first type of experiments irrespective of the anatase thickness, in the second type a maximum in the photoactivity is found for a thickness of the anatase layer of about 130 nm. This enhanced photoactivity in bilayer systems with a buried anatase–rutile heterojunction is related to the formation of different Schottky potential barriers in the anatase layer, depending on its thickness and the substrate (i.e. rutile or SiO2) where it is deposited.
Analytic model for spread‐spectrum clock generator circuit characterization
Authors: Xia Tian 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe spread‐spectrum clock generator (SSCG) is one of the most efficient techniques to reduce the radiated emission of electronic devices. Despite its popularity, there exists no analysis that can be used as the design guidance to accurately project SSCG performance. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to analyze SSCG EMI reduction and the clock period deviation performance. For model validation, Cadence Spectre simulations are conducted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new efficient SC integrator scheme for high‐speed low‐power applications
Authors: Amoroso F. A. , Pugliese A. , Cappuccino G. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYA new solution to implement efficient switched‐capacitor (SC) integrators is presented. In the proposed scheme, voltage buffers are opportunely introduced in order to prevent direct connection between the output and the capacitive feedback network of the circuit that characterizes classical SC integrator topologies during the charge transfer phase. Design guidelines to optimize the settling performances of the proposed circuit are also given. To demonstrate the possible advantages of the new solution, the proposed integrator is designed in a commercial 0.35−µm CMOS technology. It is shown that compared with classical SC integrator topologies, the proposed configuration allows a significant improvement of the integrator speed to be achieved for a given power budget. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
World's oldest donor‐recipient solid organ transplantation?
Authors: Mistry Bhargav , McKeever Brian , Phadke Gautam , Mahale Adit 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe incidence of chronic kidney disease is rising rapidly among the elderly. Improved results have been noted among the elderly when a living donor is available. We report on the world's oldest donor‐recipient solid organ transplantation, with a combined age of 167 years and 337 days.
Screening of proteinuria in young adults: Is it worthwhile?
Authors: El‐Tayeb M. , El Setouhy M. , El Sayed H. , Elshahawy Y. , Sany D. , Bichari W. , Shaban A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increasing rapidly worldwide, and recent data indicate that overt disease is the tip of the iceberg of covert disease. Data on the prevalence and incidence of proteinuria in young adults are scarce. This lack of knowledge is an obstacle to the establishment of prevention programs for chronic kidney disease, especially in developing countries.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSUrine screening for proteinuria was carried out in a cohort of young adults in a student hostel of Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Fresh morning urine samples were collected and tested for proteinuria by dipstick analysis. Participants with persistent proteinuria were referred to the university hospital for further evaluation for the presence of kidney disease.RESULTSOf 1,260 apparent healthy students screened, 67.7% were males and 32.3% were females. Their mean age was 20.2 ± 1.2 years. 3.3% were hypertensive, and proteinuria was detected in 47 (3.7%) in the ﬁrst screening test. At the second screening test, persistent proteinuria was found in 10 students (0.8% of the original cohort). Of these, 4 (0.3%) had proteinuria more than 0.5 g/24 h, but all of them refused renal biopsy.CONCLUSIONSUrine dipstick is an inexpensive way to screen for proteinuria in developing countries, but it must be done twice to exclude transient and intermittent proteinuria. Routine screening for proteinuria in this particular young adult population is not recommended due to its low diagnostic yield.
Identification of CJC‐1295, a growth‐hormone‐releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation
Authors: Henninge John , Pepaj Milaim , Hullstein Ingunn , Hemmersbach Peter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSeveral peptide drugs are being manufactured illicitly, and in some cases they are being made available to the public before entering or completing clinical trials. At the request of Norwegian police and customs authorities, unknown pharmaceutical preparations suspected to contain peptide drugs are regularly subjected to analysis. In 2009, an unknown pharmaceutical preparation was submitted for analysis by liquid chromatography‐high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS/MS). The preparation was found to contain a 29 amino acid peptide with a C‐terminal amide function. Based on the interpretation of mass spectrometric data, an amino acid sequence was proposed. The sequence is consistent with a peptide currently marketed under the name CJC‐1295. CJC‐1295 is a releasing factor for growth hormone and is therefore considered a Prohibited Substance under Section S2 of the WADA Prohibited List. This substance has potential performance‐enhancing effects, it is readily available, and there is reason to believe that it is being used within the bodybuilding community. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.