bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Leptin associations with age, weight, and sex among chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Bribiescas Richard G. , Anestis Stephanie F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground  Leptin is a hormone secreted primarily by adipocytes, a lipostatic signal to the hypothalamus, and is often correlated with adiposity. Associations between leptin, age, and development are unknown in human’s closest evolutionary relative, the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).Methods  Serum leptin was assessed cross sectionally in association with age, weight, and sex in healthy captive chimpanzee males (n = 47) and females (n = 49) to test hypotheses related to predicted differences in leptin levels with body mass, development, and sexual dimorphism.Results  Leptin increased with age and weight among females, but not in males. Leptin was overall higher in females compared to males.Conclusions  Sex differences in leptin were most evident during adolescence and adulthood, despite similar increases in weight in both sexes indicating that sexual maturation is a key divergence point for differential somatic investment in adiposity and leptin levels between male and female chimpanzees.
Post‐varicella thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Amir Achiya , Gilad Oded , Yacobovich Joanne , Scheuerman Oded , Tamary Hannah , Garty Ben‐Zion 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAims:  The aim of the study was to characterize the clinical course of post‐varicella idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and to asses the risk of acquiring ITP after varicella infection.Methods:  A retrospective study of all children diagnosed with ITP in a tertiary medical centre during 1998–2008. Findings were compared with the Intercontinental Childhood ITP Study Group database. The risk of acquiring ITP after a varicella infection was assessed.Results:  Ten children were diagnosed with post‐varicella ITP. The incidence of post‐varicella ITP was 1.9% amongst children diagnosed with ITP and 1.1% amongst children hospitalized for varicella. ITP was diagnosed, on average, 8.5 days after the onset of the varicella rash. The female‐to‐male ratio was 1:1.5. The average minimal platelet count was 9.5 × 109 platelets/L. Post‐varicella ITP had an acute course in 80% of cases and a chronic course in the remaining 20%. Bleeding episodes occurred in three patients. During the follow‐up period, 11 patients with previously diagnosed ITP developed varicella. The infection had no apparent affect on the platelet count of the children with acute ITP, but caused a relapse in 71% of the patients with chronic ITP.Conclusions: Post‐varicella ITP has similar clinical features and course to non‐varicella associated ITP. The calculated risk of ITP as a complication of varicella infections is approximately 1:25 000.
Taxonomic identification of Amazonian tree crowns from aerial photography
Authors: González‐Orozco Carlos E. , Mulligan Mark , Trichon Valérie , Jarvis Andrew 
Published: April 2010

AbstractQuestion: To what extent can aerial photography be used for taxonomic identification of Amazonian tree crowns?Objective: To investigate whether a combination of dichotomous keys and a web‐based interface is a suitable approach to identify tree crowns.Location: The fieldwork was conducted at Tiputini Biodiversity Station located in the Amazon, eastern Ecuador.Methods: High‐resolution imagery was taken from an airplane flying at a low altitude (600 m) above the ground. Imagery of the observable upper layer of the tree crowns was used for the analysis. Dichotomous identification keys for different types of crowns were produced and tested. The identification keys were designed to be web‐based interactive, using Google Earth as the main online platform. The taxa analysed were Iriartea, Astrocaryum, Inga, Parkia, Cecropia, Pourouma, Guarea, Otoba, Lauraceae and Pouteria.Results: This paper demonstrates that a combination of photo‐imagery, dichotomous keys and a web‐based interface can be useful for the taxonomic identification of Amazonian trees based on their crown characteristics. The keys tested with an overall identification accuracy of over 50% for five of the ten taxa with three of them showing accuracy greater than 70% (Iriartea, Astrocaryum and Cecropia).Conclusions: The application of dichotomous keys and a web‐based interface provides a new methodological approach for taxonomic identification of various Amazonian tree crowns. Overall, the study showed that crowns with a medium‐rough texture are less reliably identified than crowns with smoother or well‐defined surfaces.
Efficacy of dye disappearance test and tear meniscus height in diagnosis and postoperative assessment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Roh Joon Ho , Chi Mi Jung 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.Objective:  To evaluate the efficacy of the fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT) and measurement of tear meniscus height (TMH) in the diagnosis and postoperative assessment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).Methods:  The study group included 42 eyes of 42 patients who had a diagnosis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) or functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction (FNDO) and underwent endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy. The control group included 38 eyes of 38 people without tearing. The values of the FDDT, TMH and tearing symptom score (TSS), which was evaluated in five levels based on patients’ history taking, were measured before surgery, and 1 day, 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. The values of the FDDT, TMH and TSS in the study group were compared with those of the control group.Results:  The preoperative values of the FDDT, TMH and TSS were 0.7 ± 0.4, 0.22 ± 0.08 mm and 1.6, respectively, in the control group and 3.0 ± 0.8, 0.53 ± 0.15 mm and 4.4, respectively, in the study group. These differences were statistically significant. Also, at each follow‐up, the postoperative values of the FDDT and TMH decreased significantly compared to their preoperative values in the study group. The postoperative TSS decreased significantly compared to the preoperative values at each follow‐up except at postoperative 1‐day follow‐up. There were no significant differences in the preoperative values of the FDDT, TMH and TSS between the types of NLDO. The TSS had positive correlations with the FDDT and TMH before and after surgery.Conclusion:  These results suggest that the FDDT and TMH measurement might be effective in the diagnosis and postoperative assessment of NLDO.
The Relation between Analysts' Forecasts of Long‐Term Earnings Growth and Stock Price Performance Following Equity Offerings*
Authors: DECHOW PATRICIA M. , HUTTON AMY P. , SLOAN RICHARD G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper we evaluate the role of sell‐side analysts' long‐term earnings growth forecasts in the pricing of common equity offerings. We find that, in general, sell‐side analysts' long‐term growth forecasts are systematically overly optimistic around equity offerings and that analysts employed by the lead managers of the offerings make the most optimistic growth forecasts. In additional, we find a positive relation between the fees paid to the affiliated analysts' employers and the level of the affiliated analysts' growth forecasts. We also document that the post‐offering underperformance is most pronounced for firms with the highest growth forecasts made by affiliated analysts. Finally, we demonstrate that the post‐offering underperformance disappears once we control for the overoptimism in earnings growth expectations. Thus, the evidence presented in this paper is consistent with the “equity issue puzzle” arising from overly optimistic earnings growth expectations held at the time of the offerings.
Universal Vaccines: Shifting to One for Many
Authors: Cassone Antonio , Rappuoli Rino 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTHuman vaccines, with their exquisite antigenic specificity, have greatly helped to eliminate or dramatically abate the incidence of a number of historical and current plagues, from smallpox to bacterial meningitis. Nonetheless, as new infectious agents emerge and the number of vaccine-preventable diseases increases, the practice and benefits of single-pathogen- or disease-targeted vaccination may be put at risk by constraints of timely production, formulation complexity, and regulatory hurdles. During the last influenza pandemic, extraordinary efforts by vaccine producers and health authorities have had little or no influence on disease prevention or mitigation. Recent research demonstrating the possibility of protecting against all influenza A virus types or even phylogenetically distant pathogens with vaccines based on highly conserved peptide or saccharide sequences is changing our paradigm. “Universal vaccine” strategies could be particularly advantageous to address protection from antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi for which no vaccine is currently available.
Folds, floods, and fine wine
Authors: Pogue Kevin R. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
The geomorphology, soils, and climate of Columbia Basin vineyards are the result of a complex and dynamic geologic history that includes the Earth's youngest flood basalts, an active fold belt, and repeated cataclysmic flooding. Miocene basalt of the Columbia River Basalt Group forms the bedrock for most vineyards. The basalt has been folded by north-south compression, creating the Yakima fold belt, a series of relatively tight anticlines separated by broad synclines. Topography related to these structures has strongly influenced the boundaries of many of the Columbia Basin's American Viticultural Areas (AVAs). Water gaps in the anticlinal ridges of the Yakima fold belt restrict cold air drainage from the broad synclinal basins where many vineyards are located, enhancing the development of temperature inversions and locally increasing diurnal temperature variations. Vineyards planted on the southern limbs of Yakima fold belt anticlines benefit from enhanced solar radiation and cold air drainage. Most Columbia Basin vineyards are planted in soils formed in eolian sediment that is primarily derived from the deposits of Pleistocene glacial outburst floods. The mineralogy of the eolian sediment differs substantially from the underlying basalt. Vineyard soil chemistry is thus more complex in areas where eolian sediment is comparatively thin and basalt regolith lies within the rooting zone.
The components of physical terroir that broadly characterize the Columbia Basin, such as those described above, vary substantially both between and within its AVAs. The vineyards visited on this field trip are representative of both their AVAs and the variability of terroir within the Columbia Basin.
A field guide to Newberry Volcano, Oregon
Authors: Jensen Robert A. , Donnelly-Nolan Julie M. , Mckay Daniele 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Newberry Volcano is located in central Oregon at the intersection of the Cascade Range and the High Lava Plains. Its lavas range in age from ca. 0.5 Ma to late Holocene. Erupted products range in composition from basalt through rhyolite and cover ~3000 km2. The most recent caldera-forming eruption occurred ~80,000 years ago. This trip will highlight a revised understanding of the volcano's history based on new detailed geologic work. Stops will also focus on evidence for ice and flooding on the volcano, as well as new studies of Holocene mafic eruptions. Newberry is one of the most accessible U.S. volcanoes, and this trip will visit a range of lava types and compositions including tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalt flows, cinder cones, and rhyolitic domes and tuffs. Stops will include early distal basalts as well as the youngest intracaldera obsidian flow.
Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon
Authors: Donnelly-Nolan Julie M. , Jensen Robert A. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
Newberry Volcano in central Oregon is dry over much of its vast area, except for the lakes in the caldera and the single creek that drains them. Despite the lack of obvious glacial striations and well-formed glacial moraines, evidence indicates that Newberry was glaciated. Meter-sized foreign blocks, commonly with smoothed shapes, are found on cinder cones as far as 7 km from the caldera rim. These cones also show evidence of shaping by flowing ice. In addition, multiple dry channels likely cut by glacial meltwater are common features of the eastern and western flanks of the volcano. On the older eastern flank of the volcano, a complex depositional and erosional history is recorded by lava flows, some of which flowed down channels, and interbedded sediments of probable glacial origin. Postglacial lava flows have subsequently filled some of the channels cut into the sediments. The evidence suggests that Newberry Volcano has been subjected to multiple glaciations.
The post-Mazama northwest rift zone eruption at Newberry Volcano, Oregon
Authors: Mckay Daniele , Donnelly-Nolan Julie M. , Jensen Robert A. , Champion Duane E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The northwest rift zone (NWRZ) eruption took place at Newberry Volcano ~7000 years ago after the volcano was mantled by tephra from the catastrophic eruption that destroyed Mount Mazama and produced the Crater Lake caldera. The NWRZ eruption produced multiple lava flows from a variety of vents including cinder cones, spatter vents, and fissures, possibly in more than one episode. Eruptive behaviors ranged from energetic Strombolian, which produced significant tephra plumes, to low-energy Hawaiian-style. This paper summarizes and in part reinterprets what is known about the eruption and presents information from new and ongoing studies. Total distance spanned by the eruption is 32 km north-south. The northernmost flow of the NWRZ blocked the Deschutes River upstream from the city of Bend, Oregon, and changed the course of the river. Renewed mafic activity in the region, particularly eruptions such as the NWRZ with tephra plumes and multiple lava flows from many vents, would have significant impacts for the residents of Bend and other central Oregon communities.
After the disaster
Authors: Major Jon J. , Crisafulli Charlie M. , Frenzen Peter , Bishop John 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused instantaneous landscape disturbance on a grand scale. On 18 May 1980, an ensemble of volcanic processes, including a debris avalanche, a directed pyroclastic density current, voluminous lahars, and widespread tephra fall, abruptly altered landscape hydrology and geomorphology, and created distinctive disturbance zones having varying impacts on regional biota. Response to the geological and ecological disturbances has been varied and complex. In general, eruption-induced alterations in landscape hydrology and geomorphology led to enhanced stormflow discharge and sediment transport. Although the hydrolog-ical response to landscape perturbation has diminished, enhanced sediment transport persists in some basins. In the nearly 30 years since the eruption, 350 million (metric) tons of suspended sediment has been delivered from the Toutle River watershed to the Cowlitz River (roughly 40 times the average annual preeruption suspended-sediment discharge of the Columbia River). Such prodigious sediment loading has wreaked considerable socioeconomic havoc, causing significant channel aggradation and loss of flood conveyance capacity. significant and ongoing engineering efforts have been required to mitigate these problems. The overall biological evolution of the eruption-impacted landscape can be viewed in terms of a framework of survivor legacies. Despite appearances to the contrary, a surprising number of species survived the eruption, even in the most heavily devastated areas. With time, survivor “hotspots” have coalesced into larger patches, and have served as stepping stones for immigrant colonization. The importance of biological legacies will diminish with time, but the intertwined trajectories of geophysical and biological successions will influence the geological and biological responses to the 1980 eruption for decades to come.
Landslides along the Winter Rim fault, Summer Lake, Oregon
Authors: Badger Thomas C. , Watters Robert J. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
The field trip guide describes nine stops that examine the mechanisms and timing of some of the abundant and often gigantic landslides that occur along the Winter Ridge–Slide Mountain escarpment in south-central Oregon. Subsidence of Summer Lake basin, situated in the northwestern Basin and Range province, has exposed a kilometer-thick Neogene sequence of dense volcanic flow rocks overlying very weak tuffaceous sedimentary rocks in the bounding escarpment. Subsidence is accommodated on the 58-km-long Winter Rim fault system, a normal fault which is capable of producing Mw ≈ 7 earthquakes with near-field, maximum horizontal acceleration approaching 1 g on the bedrock footwall. Gigantic rock slides cubic kilometers in volume scallop the southwestern portion of the escarpment, and their deposits run out as rock avalanches several kilometers onto the basin floor. Limit-equilibrium slope stability analyses support observations that these gigantic bedrock landslides initiate within the weak tuffaceous sedimentary rocks along shallow, east-dipping, planar failure surfaces one to two kilometers in length; are insensitive to groundwater fluctuations; and, are stable under static conditions. Strong ground motions appear requisite to trigger landsliding and are necessary to replicate the long, shallow failure surfaces. Landslide, colluvial, and lacustrine deposits on the hanging wall have undergone widespread post-emplacement deformation, which may involve large-scale seismogenic lateral spreading and flow sliding controlled by the saturated, fine-grained basin fill.
The Boring Volcanic Field of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington
Authors: Evarts Russell C. , Conrey Richard M. , Fleck Robert J. , Hagstrum Jonathan T. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
More than 80 small volcanoes are scattered throughout the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area of northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington. These volcanoes constitute the Boring Volcanic Field, which is centered in the Neogene Portland Basin and merges to the east with coeval volcanic centers of the High Cascade volcanic arc. Although the character of volcanic activity is typical of many monogenetic volcanic fields, its tectonic setting is not, being located in the forearc of the Cascadia subduction system well trenchward of the volcanic-arc axis. The history and petrology of this anomalous volcanic field have been elucidated by a comprehensive program of geologic mapping, geochemistry, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and paleomag-netic studies. Volcanism began at 2.6 Ma with eruption of low-K tholeiite and related lavas in the southern part of the Portland Basin. At 1.6 Ma, following a hiatus of ~0.8 m.y., similar lavas erupted a few kilometers to the north, after which volcanism became widely dispersed, compositionally variable, and more or less continuous, with an average recurrence interval of 15,000 yr. The youngest centers, 50-130 ka, are found in the northern part of the field. Boring centers are generally monogenetic and mafic but a few larger edifices, ranging from basalt to low-SiO2 andesite, were also constructed. Low-K to high-K calc-alkaline compositions similar to those of the nearby volcanic arc dominate the field, but many centers erupted magmas that exhibit little influence of fluids derived from the subducting slab. The timing and compositional characteristics of Boring volcanism suggest a genetic relationship with late Neogene intra-arc rifting.
Geoarchaeological themes in a dynamic coastal environment, Lincoln and Lane Counties, Oregon
Authors: Davis Loren G. , Jenevein Steven A. , Punke Michele L. , Noller Jay S. , Jones Julia A. , Willis Samuel C. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
Regional-scale processes of tectonism, late Quaternary marine transgression, and patterns of aeolian deposition and erosion largely control the geoarchaeological character of the Oregon coast. Dramatic changes to the landscape of the Oregon coast since the Last Glacial Maximum drove the evolution of terrestrial and marine environmental processes which in turn conditioned the location and nature of prehistoric human activities. Due to the geologic complexities of Oregon's coast, archaeological investigations must address a broad range of geological factors that worked to greatly modify the ancient coastal landscape. In many ways, the modern Oregon coastline bears little resemblance to that associated with prehistoric coastal peoples prior to 3000 years ago, requiring geoscientific perspectives to reconstruct the late Quaternary environmental context. Through the integration of geologic concepts and information, geoarchaeology offers an effective means of finding early sites in the modern coastal landscape and in the now-submerged paleocoastal landscape.
A tectonic transect through the Salmon River suture zone along the Salmon River Canyon in the Riggins region of west-central Idaho
Authors: Blake David E. , Gray Keith D. , Giorgis Scott , Tikoff Basil 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
The Salmon River suture zone in west-central Idaho is a steep ocean-continent plate boundary separating Paleozoic-Mesozoic island-arc terranes and the ancestral western Laurentian margin that characterizes much of the central North American Cordillera. In the Riggins region, the most complete record of arc-continent collision and subsequent modification of the accretionary boundary is exposed because of the lower abundance of Cretaceous plutonism as compared to exposures of the boundary regionally along strike, and the deep degree of erosion along the Salmon River Canyon. Using recent mapping, microtectonic analysis, geochronological data, and structural models, this field trip explores the time-transgressive structures currently exposed across the Salmon River suture zone from the eastern foothills of the Seven Devils Mountains into the Salmon River Canyon.
The Salmon River suture zone contains a Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, west-vergent thrust belt that is overprinted along its eastern extent by the Late Cretaceous, transpressional western Idaho shear zone and Late Cretaceous(?) and Cenozoic ductile-brittle extensional structures. A distinct amalgamation of metavol-canogenic and metasedimentary rocks characterizes the thrust belt and includes the (1) northeastern Wallowa terrane, (2) western Salmon River belt, formally grouped with the Wallowa terrane, and (3) eastern Salmon River belt, known locally as the Riggins Group and Pollock Mountain Amphibolite. The western Idaho shear zone overprints the easternmost rocks and structures associated with the eastern Salmon River belt. It also contains heterogeneous units of tonalite, trondhjemite, and grano-diorite orthogneiss, as well as individual tonalite, granodiorite, and granite plutons that display a gradation and partitioning of deformation and strain internally within the shear zone. East of the magmatic injection zone located along the arc-continent boundary, Laurentian continental metasedimentary rocks and tonalite and granodio-rite plutons occupy the eastern portions of both the shear zone and larger suture zone. Geochronologic data, obtained largely from metaplutonic rocks in the McCall region south of the Riggins region, provide the temporal resolution to constrain current tectonic models proposed for Salmon River suture zone evolution.