bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEMBANGUN UMAT DENGAN ZAKAT
Authors: Annurroin Nur Moh 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Islam teaches us to share with others, to help each other, one of which is by diligently giving alms and paying zakat with the aim of purifying our wealth. In today's modern economic development there are many companies or investors investing in the capital market and money market, many of whom wish to pay zakat.
The writing methodology uses descriptive analysis and the social relations theory approach proposed by Ostrander and Schervisb. The data used in this study comes from data released from related parties such as BAZNAS, the Islamic capital market/Indonesian stock exchange and also PT. HP Sekuritas as the implementer of zakat investment either stocks or bonds or others.
The results of this study state that in the implementation of zakat in the Islamic Money Market and Capital Market there are investors, then securities or agents who act on behalf of investors using wakalah bil ujrah contracts. Next is the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS). The mechanism for determining zakat as a result of investment gains must pay zakat if it reaches the nisab. The nisab for zakat is the same as the nisab for zakat maal, which is 85 grams of gold at a zakat rate of 2.5% and has reached one year (haul). Currently investors can pay zakat to BAZNAS in the form of shares to BAZNAS's investor fund account.
ABSTRAK
Islam mengajarkan untuk berbagi dengan sesama, saling tolong menolong salahsatunya adalah dengan cara kita rajin sedekah dan menunaikan zakat dengan tujuan mensucikan harta kita . Dalam perkembangan ekonomi modern saat ini banyak sekali perusahaan atau investor yang melakukan investasi di pasar modal dan pasar uang, diantara mereka banyak pula yang berkeinginan mengeluarkan zakat.
Metodologi penulisan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan pendekatan teori relasi sosial yang dikemukakan oleh Ostrander dan Schervisb. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari data yang dirilis dari pihak-pihak yang bersangkutan seperti BAZNAS, Pasar modal syariah/bursa efek indonesia dan juga PT. HP Sekuritas sebagai peaksana implementasi zakat investasi baik saham atau obligasi atau lainnya.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Dalam implementasi zakat di Pasar Uang dan Pasar Modal Syariah terdapat pihak investor, Kemudian pihak sekuritas atau agen yang bentindak atas nama investor dengan menggunakan akad wakalah bil ujrah. Selanjutnya Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS). Mekanisme dalam menentukan zakat hasil dari keuntungan investasi wajib dikeluarkan zakatnya jika sudah mencapai nisab. Nisab zakat sama nilainya dengan nisab zakat maal yaitu senilai 85 gram emas dengan tarif zakat 2,5% dan sudah mencapai satu tahun (haul). Saat ini investor dapat menunaikan zakat ke BAZNAS dalam bentuk saham ke rekening dana investor milik BAZNAS.
EKONOMI KERAKYATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARI'AH
Authors: Masruri Masruri 
Published: June 2024

Village Autonomy is a regional autonomy policy given to village governments to further optimize their potential so as to maximize village income for development and community welfare. Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages explains that Village Government is the administration of government affairs and the interests of local communities in the government system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In improving the economy of the community, the Village Government establishing BUMDesa is the right step for the realization of the welfare of the village community. BUMDes are economic institutions established based on deliberations between the Village Government and the Village community based on the needs and potential of the Village. The management of BUMDesa is carried out by the village community. The role of a good Village Government in the management of BUMDesa will determine the success of BUMDesa.
The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The data sources used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The sample in this study amounted to 8 people from a population of 964 households with a sampling technique, namely Nonprobability Sample by means of sample determination, namely purposive sampling. The data collection methods used by researchers consist of observation methods, interview methods and documentation methods. The data analysis technique goes through three stages, namely the data education stage, the data presentation stage (data display) and the data verification stage.
The results showed that the Village Government in the management of BUMDesa Bangun Karya plays quite a role in terms of establishing and planning business units but in terms of advisory and supervision of BUMDesa performance, the Bangunejo Village Government has not played a full role in the management of BUMDesa Bangun Karya. The role of BUMDesa Bangun Karya in improving community welfare is the fulfillment of daily needs / types of trading businesses. Based on the principles of leaders in Islam, the Bangunrejo Village Government has not fully implemented the principles of leaders, due to the lack of transparency in the management of BUMDesa. The role of BUMDesa in improving community welfare according to the perspective of Sharia economics has played a perceived role in terms of meeting the needs of al-hajiyat and al-tahsiniyyat . However, to meet the needs of ad-dharuriyyat BUMDesa Bangun Karya has not played a role in improving the welfare of the community.
VOE: automated analysis of variant epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 for the development of diagnostic tests or vaccines for COVID-19
Authors: Lee Danusorn , Sangket Unitsa 
Published: June 2024

Background
The development of serodiagnostic tests and vaccines for COVID-19 depends on the identification of epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 genome. An epitope is the specific part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system and can elicit an immune response. However, when the genetic variants contained in epitopes are used to develop rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs) and DNA or RNA vaccines, test sensitivity and vaccine efficacy can be low.

Methods
Here, we developed a “variant on epitope (VOE)” software, a new Python script for identifying variants located on an epitope. Variant analysis and sensitivity calculation for seven recommended epitopes were processed by VOE. Variants in 1,011 Omicron SRA reads from two variant databases (BCFtools and SARS-CoV-2-Freebayes) were processed by VOE.

Results
A variant with HIGH or MODERATE impact was found on all epitopes from both variant databases except the epitopes KLNDLCFTNV, RVQPTES, LKPFERD, and ITLCFTLKRK on the S gene and ORF7a gene. All epitope variants from the BCFtools and SARS-CoV-2 Freebayes variant databases showed about 100% sensitivity except epitopes APGQTGK and DSKVGGNYN on the S gene, which showed respective sensitivities of 28.4866% and 6.8249%, and 87.7349% and 71.1177%.

Conclusions
Therefore, the epitopes KLNDLCFTNV, RVQPTES, LKPFERD, and ITLCFTLKRK may be useful for the development of an epitope-based peptide vaccine and GGDGKMKD on the N gene may be useful for the development of serodiagnostic tests. Moreover, VOE can also be used to analyze other epitopes, and a new variant database for VOE may be further established when a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 emerges.
Influence of Liquid Nano Urea Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Summer Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under South Gujarat Conditions
Authors: S. D. Chudasama , V. P. Usadadia , A. R. Kaswala , K. K. Patel , B. J. Chaudhary , V. N. Shiyal 
Published: June 2024

A field experiment was conducted during summer season for two consecutive years (2022-2023) at Navsari, Gujarat to study the effect of liquid Nano urea fertilizer on summer rice (Oryza sativa L.) under South Gujarat conditions. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and twelve treatments comprising T1: 100 % RDN (Recommended dose of nitrogen) through urea (120 kg N ha-1), T2: 75 % RDN + Seedling root dip in Nano urea at transplanting (TP) (4 ml L-1), T3: 50 % RDN + Seedling root dip in Nano urea at TP (4 ml L-1), T4: 25 % RDN + Seedling root dip in Nano urea at TP (4 ml L-1), T5: 75 % RDN + Spray of Nano urea at tillering stage (4 ml L-1), T6: 50 % RDN + Spray of Nano urea at tillering stag (4 ml L-1), T7: 25 % RDN + Spray of Nano urea at tillering stage (4 ml L-1), T8: 75 % RDN + Spray of Nano urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (4 ml L-1), T9: 50 % RDN + Spray of Nano urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (4 ml L-1), T10: 25 % RDN + Spray of Nano urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (4 ml L-1), T11: Spray of Nano urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (4 ml L-1) and T12: Seedling root dip in Nano urea at TP + Spray of Nano urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (4 ml L-1). Application of 75 % RDN + Spray of Nano urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (4 ml L-1) obtain significantly higher growth attributes viz., periodical plant height, number of tillers plant-1, dry matter accumulation plant-1, chlorophyll content and growth indices including leaf area index (LAI) at 60 and 90 DAS, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) during 30-60 DAS, 60-90 DAS, and 90 DAS-Harvest. Similarly, significantly higher grain yield was produced under treatment T8 (4435 kg ha-1) which was 3.24% higher than 100% RDN through conventional urea.
Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Silica/Porphyrin Hybrid Nanorings for In Vivo Cancer Imaging
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Nakamura Michihiro , Miki Hirokazu , Ozaki Shuji , Abe Masahiro , Matsumoto Toshio , Ishimura Kazunori 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRing‐shaped silica nanoparticles are synthesized with a high tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) content or silica/TCPP hybrid nanorings (HNRs) using a one‐pot sol‐gel reaction with a TCPP‐binding silica precursor for fluorescence imaging of tumor. The shape of the HNRs is a reflection of abundant ring‐shaped TCPP aggregates in the silica matrix. The HNRs are of a size that makes them susceptible to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. For comparison, the TCPP‐doped silica nanoparticles are synthesized using a conventional method. The nanoparticles are spherical in shape because little TCPP is contained in the silica matrix and are designated as TCPP‐containing silica nanospheres (NSs). The absorption bands of the HNRs shift by about 20 nm toward longer wavelengths compared with the TCPP bands. This redshift leads the excitation wavelength of the HNRs into the near‐infrared (NIR) region. Therefore, the HNRs are excited by NIR light to emit strong fluorescence, although the NSs emit no fluorescence. The PEGylated HNRs (PEG‐HNRs) are uncharged and possess a significantly longer blood circulation time than PEG‐NSs. The PEG‐HNRs accumulate in tumor through multiple factors including their size, uncharged surface, unique shape, and long circulation time in blood, resulting in the acquisition of clear images of tumor.
Light Extraction of Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Defective Hexagonal‐Close‐Packed Array
Authors: Koo Won Hoe , Youn Wooram , Zhu Peifen , Li Xiao‐Hang , Tansu Nelson , So Franky 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDefective silica sphere arrays having locally hexagonal‐closed‐packed structure but lack of long range ordering were incorporated into organic light emitting diodes as grating to extract the waveguided light trapped in the indium tin oxide/organic layers and the glass substrate. Using these defective hexagonal‐closed‐packed gratings for light extraction, broad band lambertian emitters are obtained due to the periodicity broadening and the random orientation in the gratings, resulting in enhancements in current and power efficiencies by a factor of 1.7 and 1.9, respectively.
Endotoxin inhalation alters lung development in neonatal mice
Authors: Kulhankova Katarina , George Caroline L.S. , Kline Joel N. , Darling Melissa , Thorne Peter S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundChildhood asthma is a significant public health problem. Epidemiologic evidence suggests an association between childhood asthma exacerbations and early life exposure to environmental endotoxin. Although the pathogenesis of endotoxin‐induced adult asthma is well studied, questions remain about the impact of environmental endotoxin on pulmonary responsiveness in early life.MethodsWe developed a murine model of neonatal/juvenile endotoxin exposures approximating those in young children and evaluated the lungs inflammatory and remodeling responses.ResultsPersistent lung inflammation induced by the inhalation of endotoxin in early life was demonstrated by the influx of inflammatory cells and pro‐inflammatory mediators to the airways and resulted in abnormal alveolarization.ConclusionsResults of this study advance the understanding of the impact early life endotoxin inhalation has on the lower airways, and demonstrates the importance of an experimental design that approximates environmental exposures as they occur in young children. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1146–1158, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Salmon allergen exposure, occupational asthma, and respiratory symptoms among salmon processing workers
Authors: Dahlman‐Höglund Anna , Renström Anne , Larsson Per H. , Elsayed Said , Andersson Eva 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis investigation was triggered by three cases of asthma—about 10% of the workforce—occurring in a salmon processing plant over a short period of time. The aim of the investigation was to characterize the work exposure of inhalable organic particles with personal measurements. Respiratory symptoms at work among workers were also assessed.MethodsExposures to airborne salmon allergen, airborne mold spores, and endotoxin in water and air were measured during work. To assess the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Sal s 1 allergen exposure a polyclonal sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. Current workers (n = 26) answered questionnaires and underwent allergy and lung function tests.ResultsUsing the sensitive ELISA method (0.05 ng/ml), we found that workers were exposed to high levels of salmon major allergen at the filleting machine and at the filleting table. Airborne endotoxin levels were low, and mold levels were elevated. Only the three initial asthma cases had IgE to salmon. Of the other workers, 65% reported respiratory symptoms at work. These had lower pulmonary function than workers without such symptoms.ConclusionsWe developed a sensitive method to measure salmon antigen in air and found that filleting workers were most exposed. It is important to reduce aerosols by improving the ventilation system, machines and organization of work since respiratory symptoms at work among workers were common. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:624–630, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brønsted‐Säure‐Aktivierung bei der übergangsmetallkatalysierten asymmetrischen Hydrierung N‐ungeschützter Imine, Enamine und N‐Heteroarene
Authors: Yu Zhengkun , Jin Weiwei , Jiang Quanbin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDie asymmetrische Hydrierung spielt in der organischen Synthese eine wichtige Rolle, aber erst in den letzten drei Jahren wurde die Hydrierung von schwierigen Substraten, wie N‐ungeschützten Iminen, Enaminen und N‐Heteroarenen (1H‐Indole, 1H‐Pyrrole, Pyridine, Chinoline und Chinoxaline) vermehrt untersucht. Wenn man die Wechselwirkungen einer Brønsted‐Säure mit einer Lewis‐Base betrachtet, könnten Brønsted‐Säuren als ideale Aktivatoren von CN‐Bindungen genutzt werden. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst aktuelle Entwicklungen bei der übergangsmetallkatalysierten, Brønsted‐Säure‐aktivierten asymmetrischen Hydrierung dieser anspruchsvollen Substrate zusammen und präsentiert damit eine vielversprechende Substrataktivierungsstrategie für Umwandlungen unter Beteiligung von CN‐Bindungen.
Preparation and properties of poly(dimethyl siloxane)–colloidal silica/functionalized colloidal silica nanocomposites
Authors: Dinkar Sumi , Dhanabalan A. , Thimmappa B. H. S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAqueous spherical colloidal silica (CS) particles with a diameter of 15 ± 5 nm were modified with three different types of monofunctional silane coupling agents to prepare functionalized colloidal silica (FCS) particles. The effects of the surface chemistry of the FCS were studied as a function of the CS/FCS loading in the poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) polymer. The prepared PDMS–CS/FCS composites were investigated for their physical properties both in the cured and uncured states. The extent of filler–filler and filler–polymer interactions was found to vary with the type of functionalizing agent used to treat the surface of the CS. The filler–filler interaction appeared to be predominant in the PDMS–CS composites, and improved filler–polymer interaction was indicated in the case of the PDMS–FCS composites. The composites containing CS treated with methyltrimethoxysilane exhibited relatively better optical and mechanical properties compared to the other PDMS–FCS composites. This study highlighted the importance of judiciously choosing functionalizing agents to achieve PDMS–FCS composites with predetermined optical and mechanical properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Nanocrystalline‐cellulose‐reinforced poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) nanocomposite films as a separator for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Lalia Boor Singh , Samad Yarjan Abdul , Hashaikeh Raed 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was synthesized by the facile acid hydrolysis of Kim Wipes tissue papers and characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). AFM images confirmed the nanosize of the cellulose nanocrystals, and XRD data revealed the high crystallinity. NCC‐reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PH) nanocomposite films were fabricated via an electrospinning method. Different concentrations of NCC in the PH matrix were studied. The effects of the NCC content on the tensile modulus, the variation of tensile modulus with temperature, and the thermal properties of the fabricated nanocomposite films were investigated. It was found that PH + 2 wt % NCC was the optimum composition of the nanocomposite. The addition of 2 wt % NCC in the PH films led to a 75% improvement in the tensile modulus. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the PH nanocomposite films with 2 wt % NCC exhibited high values of tensile modulus in the 30–150°C temperature range. High concentrations of NCC led to decreases in the tensile modulus and thermal properties of the separator. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012
Effect of clay modification on the morphology and the mechanical/physical properties of ABS/PMMA blends
Authors: Nazari Tayebe , Garmabi Hamid , Arefazar Ahmad 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe effect of three types of organoclays on the morphology and mechanical properties of lower critical solution temperature‐type poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (ABS/PMMA) blends was investigated. Polymers were melt‐compounded with 2 and 4 wt % of clays using a twin‐screw extruder. X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the intercalation of the nanoclay in the hybrid nanocomposite was more affected by the polarity of the organoclay. Although the morphology of the blends varied by PMMA content, scanning electron microscopy showed smaller PMMA domains for the hybrid systems containing clay particles. Although good dispersion of the nanoclay through the ABS matrix and at the blend interface led to enhancement of tensile strength, the increment of the stiffness was more noticeable for nanocomposites including less polar organoclay. Well‐dispersed clay platelets increased the glass transition temperature. In addition, nanoscratching analysis illustrated an improvement in scratch resistance of ABS because of the presence of PMMA and organoclay. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electrospinning of thermoplastic polyurethane microfibers and nanofibers from polymer solution and melt
Authors: Dasdemir Mehmet , Topalbekiroglu Mehmet , Demir Ali 
Published: May 2012

AbstractElectrospinning technique was used to produce ultrafine fibers from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). A direct comparison between melt and solution electrospinning of TPU was provided for the evaluation of process–structure relationship. It was found that the deposition rate of melt electrospinning (0.6 g h−1) is four times higher than that of solution electrospinning (0.125 g h−1) for TPU under the same processing condition. However, the average fiber diameters of solution electrospun TPUs (220–280 nm) were much lower than those of melt electrospun TPUs (4–8 μm). The effect of processing variables including collection distance and electric field strength on the electrospun fiber diameter and morphology was also studied. The findings indicate that increasing the electric field strength yielded more electrical forces acting on polymer jet and resulted in a decrease in fiber diameter as a result of more fiber drawing in both solution and melt electrospun fibers. It was also demonstrated that increasing the collection distance led to an improvement in the solidification of melt electrospun fibers and thus less fused fibers were obtained. Finally, a close investigation of fiber structures revealed that melt electrospun TPU fibers had smooth surface, whereas solution electrospun TPU fibers showed high intensity of cracks on the fiber surface. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effects of accelerated aging and compatibilizers on the mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene and poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) blends
Authors: Lee Yun Kyun , Lee Jae Bok , Park Dong Hyup , Kim Woo Nyon 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe effects of maleic anhydride‐grafted styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene copolymer (SEBS‐g‐MAH) on the mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene (PP) and poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS) blends were investigated. Based on mechanical properties, including impact and tensile strengths, the PP/ABS (70/30) blends containing SEBS‐g‐MAH showed improved impact strength with minimal loss of tensile strength. As determined from morphological studies of the PP/ABS blends, addition of SEBS‐g‐MAH decreased PP/ABS blend droplet size more than the addition of SEBS. Additionally, the effects of SEBS‐g‐MAH and SEBS on the mechanical and morphological properties of the PP/ABS (70/30) blends were investigated during accelerated aging in an oven at 90°C for 72 h (one cycle). The impact strength of the PP/ABS (70/30) blends with SEBS‐g‐MAH (7 phr) decreased less than 10% after five cycles, but blends with SEBS (7 phr) and blends without compatibilizer decreased as much as 37%. The tensile strengths of the PP/ABS (70/30) blends after accelerated aging indicated a trend similar to that of the impact strength. The morphological studies indicated no significant changes in the PP/ABS (70/30) blends with SEBS‐g‐MAH; however, many cavities and damages were observed in the blend with SEBS. The above results suggest that SEBS‐g‐MAH acts as an impact modifier and as a good compatibilizer in the PP/ABS (70/30) blends. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Experimental characterization of a curing thermoset epoxy‐anhydride system—Isothermal and nonisothermal cure kinetics
Authors: Huang Xiaosong , Patham Bhaskar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis work describes in detail the kinetic model for the cure of an epoxy‐anhydride thermoset matrix resin system. The cure kinetics in both nonisothermal and isothermal modes has been characterized using differential scanning calorimetry. The Sestak–Berggren two‐parameter autocatalytic model was used to describe the nonisothermal cure behavior of the resin satisfactorily. The isothermal cure data was fitted with Kamal's four‐parameter autocatalytic model, coupled with a diffusion factor. These characterization data will form material property inputs for a multiscale modeling framework for the estimation of cure‐induced residual stresses in thick thermoset matrix composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013