bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of materials fatigue influence factors using interpretable machine learning
Authors: Frie Christian , Riza Durmaz Ali , Eberl Chris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractData‐driven fatigue strength predictions are gaining popularity. Nevertheless, many machine learning models lack trustworthiness due to their limited decision‐making transparency which often hinders their practical application. In this investigation, we assess the expressiveness of the model‐agnostic explainable AI method known as SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for data‐driven fatigue strength prediction. Our study demonstrates that the SHAP feature sensitivity analysis underpins known physical relations from materials processing and fatigue theory. This even applies in view of the high‐dimensional, cross‐correlated fatigue feature space and despite data heterogeneity (different steels, component designs, and loads). For instance, SHAP indicates a fatigue strength increase with higher solid solution‐strengthening element concentrations, such as chromium and nickel. SHAP identifies correlations rather than causality. Thus, data science and domain knowledge should be closely linked during the SHAP assessment. If this is satisfied, plausible causal relations can be inferred, and spurious ones arising from confounding variables can be discarded.
Absorbing capabilities of additively manufactured lattice structure specimens for crash applications: Damage tolerant design and simulations
Authors: Tridello Andrea , Boursier Niutta Carlo , Benelli Alessandro , Paolino Davide Salvatore 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present work, the influence of defects on the compressive response of octet‐truss AlSi10Mg lattice structure specimens produced with a selective laser melting process is investigated. The defect population in one cell, in two cells, and cubic specimens composed of 27 cells has been assessed with micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) analyses. The statistical distributions of the characteristic defect sizes, i.e., the equivalent diameter, the volume, and the surface, assessed in the lattice structure specimens and in volumes randomly extracted from a rectangular bar have been compared. Finally, the compressive behavior of lattice structure specimens has been simulated with a simplified damage‐tolerant finite element model accounting for the influence of defects and compared with experimental results. The analyses have proven that the defect population in volumes extracted from a rectangular bar can provide reliable simulated results, even if micro‐CT inspections of a unit cell or specimens made of several cells are suggested.
An experimental and numerical investigation into compressive failure of pyramidal lattice sandwich structures fabricated using stereolithography technology
Authors: Zhai Zhilin , Wang Shaoqing , Li Shuo , Guo Anfu , Qu Peng , Song Yaqin , Yang Guangbao , Shao Siyuan , Tang Rongji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pyramid lattice sandwich structure, characterized by high load‐bearing capacity, lightweight nature, and fully open internal space, is considered an extremely promising super‐strong structure. Stereolithography technology was utilized to achieve the monolithic formation of single‐layer multi‐cell pyramidal lattice sandwich structures. Quasi‐static compression tests and finite element simulations were conducted to characterize the compressive properties and failure modes. Results indicate that the compressive strength, compressive modulus, specific strength, and specific stiffness of the single‐layer multi‐cell pyramidal lattice sandwich structure increase as the relative density increases. Moreover, fracture failure was observed in the structures with various relative densities. Additionally, the compressive failure of multi‐layer density gradient pyramidal lattice sandwich structures was investigated. Experimental and numerical findings indicate that the optimal density gradient scheme for the ZCMLG structure is I‐III‐II, resulting in a peak compression force that is 342.14% and 288.55% higher than that of the ZAMLG and ZBMLG structures, respectively.
Convergence in simulating global soil organic carbon by structurally different models after data assimilation
Authors: Tao Feng , Houlton Benjamin Z. , Huang Yuanyuan , Wang Ying‐Ping , Manzoni Stefano , Ahrens Bernhard , Mishra Umakant , Jiang Lifen , Huang Xiaomeng , Luo Yiqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent biogeochemical models produce carbon–climate feedback projections with large uncertainties, often attributed to their structural differences when simulating soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics worldwide. However, choices of model parameter values that quantify the strength and represent properties of different soil carbon cycle processes could also contribute to model simulation uncertainties. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of using common observational data in reducing model uncertainty in estimates of global SOC storage. Two structurally different models featuring distinctive carbon pools, decomposition kinetics, and carbon transfer pathways simulate opposite global SOC distributions with their customary parameter values yet converge to similar results after being informed by the same global SOC database using a data assimilation approach. The converged spatial SOC simulations result from similar simulations in key model components such as carbon transfer efficiency, baseline decomposition rate, and environmental effects on carbon fluxes by these two models after data assimilation. Moreover, data assimilation results suggest equally effective simulations of SOC using models following either first‐order or Michaelis–Menten kinetics at the global scale. Nevertheless, a wider range of data with high‐quality control and assurance are needed to further constrain SOC dynamics simulations and reduce unconstrained parameters. New sets of data, such as microbial genomics‐function relationships, may also suggest novel structures to account for in future model development. Overall, our results highlight the importance of observational data in informing model development and constraining model predictions.
Understanding supported self‐management for people living with a lower‐grade glioma: Implementation considerations through the lens of normalisation process theory
Authors: Rimmer Ben , Finch Tracy , Balla Michelle , Dutton Lizzie , Williams Sophie , Lewis Joanne , Gallagher Pamela , Burns Richéal , Araújo‐Soares Vera , Menger Fiona , Sharp Linda ,   Ways Ahead study team
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSupported self‐management can improve clinical and psychosocial outcomes in people with cancer; the considerations required to implement self‐management support (SMS) for people living with a lower‐grade glioma (LGG)—who often have complex support needs—are not known. We aimed to identify and understand these implementation considerations through the lens of normalisation process theory (NPT), from the perspectives of healthcare professionals (HCP) and people with LGG.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with HCPs who support adults with brain tumours (n = 25; 12 different healthcare professions), and people with LGG who had completed primary treatment (n = 28; male n = 16, mean age 54.6 years, mean time since diagnosis 8.7 years), from across the United Kingdom. Interviews were transcribed and inductive open coding conducted, before deductively mapping to constructs of NPT. We first mapped HCP data, then integrated data from people with LGG to explore alignment in experiences and perspectives.ResultsWe generated supporting evidence for all four NPT constructs and related subconstructs, namely: ‘Coherence’, ‘Cognitive participation’, ‘Collective action’ and ‘Reflexive monitoring’. Data from HCPs and people with LGG clearly demonstrated that effective SMS constitutes a collective activity. Key implementation considerations included: ensuring awareness of, and access to, support; building strong HCP‐support recipient relationships; and careful inclusion of close family and friends. We identified pertinent challenges, such as identifying support needs (influenced by the extent to which those with LGG engage in help‐seeking), resistance to support (e.g., technology literacy), training for HCPs and HCP cooperation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the collective nature of, and provides insight into the individual roles within, supported self‐management. We outline considerations to operationalise, sustain and appraise the implementation of SMS for people with LGG.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with brain tumours, and informal caregivers, were involved in the development of information materials and topic guides to ensure accessibility and pertinence. They also had opportunities to comment on interview findings.
The impact of gamification on training, work engagement, and job satisfaction in banking
Authors: Magioli Sereno Marcelo , Ang Huat Bin (Andy) 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study contributes to the comparative analysis of outcomes between gamified and traditional training systems in the banking sector. On‐the‐job training is a vital aspect of the process of enhancing work performance within organizations. Thus, by employing a case‐based asymmetric configural approach rooted in nonlinear and contrarian case analysis, this research investigates the impact of gamified training on human resource development. A global empirical survey of 388 banking employees revealed that a combination of complexity theory and configural analysis provides valuable insights into the outcomes of both gamified and conventional training methods. In the face of increasing competition, banks are compelled to enhance their professionalism by boosting employee motivation. It becomes apparent that there is no straightforward, necessary and sufficient path available to guarantee high levels of engagement and job satisfaction. Notably, some of these results challenge the expectations of self‐determination theory (SDT), which posits the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs during training. These findings contribute to an enriched understanding of the nuanced application of complexity theory in the context of SDT research, particularly regarding the training and development of gamified systems for banking organizations and other service‐oriented sectors that can benefit from such innovative training approaches.
Comparisons between referred and non‐referred patients to a university paediatric dental clinic
Authors: Leary Kecia S. , Hollinger Noah C. , Qian Fang , Kanellis Michael J. , Weber‐Gasparoni Karin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundReferrals of paediatric patients to a university clinic have been increasing over the last several years.AimTo evaluate characteristics of referred and non‐referred patients at the University of Iowa's Pediatric Dental Clinic (UIPDC).DesignA retrospective chart review included dental records of 340 referred and 383 non‐referred patients from July 1, 2015, to May 31, 2016 (n = 723). Age, distance to the clinic, size of the patient's community, insurance, number of teeth with decay, treatment needs, educational level of the provider, and presence of patient special health care needs were obtained. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression were performed to analyze the outcomes (alpha = .05).ResultsReferred patients were more likely to live >60 miles away, live in a community of >75 000 people, have special health care needs, have caries/greater number of teeth with decay, need endodontic treatment, and were less likely to remain patients at the clinic (p < .0001). Referred patients were also more likely to need extractions (p = .0104), but less likely to need space maintenance/comprehensive orthodontic treatment (p = .0002).ConclusionThere was a difference in the complexity of patient treatment needs between referred and non‐referred patients.
Achieving hardness‐strength‐toughness synergy in (Ti, W, Mo, Cr)(C, N)‐based cermets
Authors: Wang Lu , Cao Zhinan , Jin Na , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTi(C, N)‐based cermets have been considered to be the most potential candidates for WC‐Co cemented carbides as tool material due to their various advantages. However, the trade‐off between hardness/strength and toughness limits their further application. Herein, we present new (Ti, W, Mo, Cr)(C, N)‐based cermets showing superior mechanical properties with hardness of 1525 MPa, transverse rupture strength of 2428 MPa, and fracture toughness of 11.44 MPa·m1/2 by compositional and interfacial modification. The strengthening and toughening mechanisms were revealed by experimental observation and theory calculation. It could be clarified that the high elastic modulus caused by a polar covalent bond in the hard phase and solid solution strengthening of the binder phase attributed to the hardness. The strong interface bonding between the core/rim, inner/outer rim, and rim/binder phases stemming from the composition optimization contributed to super crack resistance. Intergranular fracture in submicron‐scaled hard phases led to the crack deflection, transgranular fracture in the micron‐scaled hard phases consumed more energy due to their high intrinsic hardness and excellent interface coordination. The synergy of multi‐scaled hard particles brought about excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
A longitudinal study of breastfeeding relationships at home during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A grounded theory method
Authors: Wood Natsuko K. , Helfrich‐Miller Kathleen R. , Dyer Ann M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo describe the process of breastfeeding relationships among stay‐at‐home mother and infant dyads at 1, 3, 5 and 6 months.DesignA longitudinal qualitative online survey design was used.MethodsData were obtained at 1, 3, 5 and 6 months from 26 breastfeeding mothers who stayed home with their infants and directly breastfed at least once a day for the first 6 months between June 2022 and August 2023. Mothers' written responses to 3 open‐ended questions were analysed to assess breastfeeding experiences at home, thoughts/comments while directly breastfeeding and breastfeeding concerns/problems and strategies they used. Based on grounded theory, inductive content analysis was used to analyse the data. Trustworthiness of results was established by coding to consensus, formal peer debriefing and maintaining an audit trail.Results‘Breastfeeding Relationships at Home,’ the core construct, was identified and organized the process of breastfeeding relationships into 5 domains: (1) mothers' emotional well‐being while breastfeeding, (2) infant‐led feeding, (3) alternatives to breastfeeding, (4) evaluation of breastfeeding and (5) changes in breastfeeding as infants grow older.ConclusionBreastfeeding is not simply about feeding breast milk but also involves nurturing and developing a relationship between mother and infant. Across the domains, mutual responsiveness, a central element of the breastfeeding relationship was clear. Mothers who were committed to breastfeeding with embedded infant suckling reached emotional well‐being in return for their engagement which has potential to reduce maternal stress and prevent postpartum depression.ImpactFindings from the current study add to nurses' knowledge about the relationship building process between stay‐at‐home mothers and their infants in the first 6 months of breastfeeding during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nurses must remain sensitive to aid the development of breastfeeding relationships in the home environment to maximize mutual responsiveness.Patient or Public ContributionNo patients or public involved.
Automated prediction of isthmus areas in scar‐related atrial tachycardias using artificial intelligence
Authors: Saluja Deepak , Huang Ziyi , Majumder Jonah , Zeldin Lawrence , Yarmohammadi Hirad , Biviano Angelo , Wan Elaine Y. , Ciaccio Edward J. , Hendon Christine P. , Garan Hasan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAblation of scar‐related reentrant atrial tachycardia (SRRAT) involves identification and ablation of a critical isthmus. A graph convolutional network (GCN) is a machine learning structure that is well‐suited to analyze the irregularly‐structured data obtained in mapping procedures and may be used to identify potential isthmuses.MethodsElectroanatomic maps from 29 SRRATs were collected, and custom electrogram features assessing key tissue and wavefront properties were calculated for each point. Isthmuses were labeled off‐line. Training data was used to determine the optimal GCN parameters and train the final model. Putative isthmus points were predicted in the training and test populations and grouped into proposed isthmus areas based on density and distance thresholds. The primary outcome was the distance between the centroids of the true and closest proposed isthmus areas.ResultsA total of 193 821 points were collected. Thirty isthmuses were detected in 29 tachycardias among 25 patients (median age 65.0, 5 women). The median (IQR) distance between true and the closest proposed isthmus area centroids was 8.2 (3.5, 14.4) mm in the training and 7.3 (2.8, 16.1) mm in the test group. The mean overlap in areas, measured by the Dice coefficient, was 11.5 ± 3.2% in the training group and 13.9 ± 4.6% in the test group.ConclusionA GCN can be trained to identify isthmus areas in SRRATs and may help identify critical ablation targets.
Sun exposure and protection habits: Self‐reported attitudes, knowledge and behaviours
Authors: Lim Henry W. , Saint Aroman Marketa , Skayem Charbel , Halioua Bruno , Perez Cullell Nuria , Ben Hayoun Yaron , Baissac Catherine , Bergqvist Christina , Taieb Charles , Richard Marie‐Aleth , Ezzedine Khaled 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs exposure to UV radiation is the primary modifiable environmental risk factor associated with skin cancer, it remains the principal focus of most prevention strategies. Numerous sun protection campaigns have been implemented worldwide; however, their impact on the actual incidence and mortality rates of skin cancer seems to be limited. To create successful skin cancer prevention campaigns, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of individuals' attitudes and behaviours regarding sun protection. The aim of the current study was to determine and report on the prevalence of self‐reported attitudes, knowledge and behaviours regarding two of the major sun protection recommendations—avoidance of sun exposure and use of sunscreens—in an international representative sample across five continents.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in 20 countries using a web‐based online survey.FindingsA total of 50,552 individuals, comprising 25,388 men (50.22%) and 25,164 women (49.78%), participated in the survey. Among them, 83.2% reported having been voluntarily exposed to the sun (for sun‐basking reasons) at least once in the last 12 months, and 47.96% acknowledged being exposed to the sun between the hours of 10 AM and 4 PM. The primary reason for non‐adherence was that these hours were the most convenient times (32.28%). Only 24.05% reported applying sunscreen every 2 h when outdoors. Forgetfulness was the primary reason as provided by 27.79% of participants. Males and older age groups were less likely to adopt sun‐protective behaviours around the world. Forgetfulness and the challenges posed by time constraints seem to be the biggest barriers to proper adherence.InterpretationThese findings should prompt the collaboration with health authorities and the manufacturers to enhance adherence by setting reasonable sunscreen prices and creating formulations that make their application less burdensome.
EADV Task Force Pruritus White Paper on chronic pruritus and chronic prurigo: Current challenges and future solutions
Authors: Ständer S. , Pereira M. P. , Zeidler C. , Legat F. J. , Misery L. , Lönndahl L. , Bewley A. P. , Brenaut E. , Bobko S. , Elberling J. , Evers A. W. M. , Garcovich S. , Gieler U. , Gonçalo M. , Kupfer J. , Lambert J. , Lvov A. , Metz M. , Michenko A. , Papadavid E. , Reich A. , Savk E. , Schneider G. , Schut C. , Serra‐Baldrich E. , Ständer H. F. , Szepietowski J. C. , Wallengren J. , Weisshaar E. , Augustin M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic pruritus (CP) is frequent in general medicine and the most common complaint in general dermatology. The prevalence of CP is expected to rise in the future due to the ageing population. The clinical presentation, underlying aetiology and treatment strategy of CP are heterogeneous. Also, individual treatment aims and physical, psychic and economic burdens of patients might vary. Chronic prurigo (CPG) is the most severe disease in the chronic pruritus spectrum, being associated with long‐standing scratch‐induced skin lesions and a therapy refractory itch‐scratch‐cycle. It is thus important to raise disease awareness for CP and CPG in the general public and among decision‐makers in the health system. Further, there is a need to support a rational clinical framework to optimize both diagnostics and therapeutics. Currently, there is still a shortcoming regarding approved therapies and understanding CP/CPG as severe medical conditions. Therefore, the EADV Task Force Pruritus decided to publish this white paper based on several consensus meetings. The group consented on the following goals: (a) ensure that CP is recognized as a serious condition, (b) increase public awareness and understanding of CP and CPG as chronic and burdensome diseases that can greatly affect a person's quality of life, (c) clarify that in most cases CP and CPG are non‐communicable and not caused by a psychiatric disease, (d) improve the support and treatment given to patients with CP to help them manage their disease and (e) publicize existing therapies including current guidelines. We aim to point to necessary improvements in access and quality of care directed to decision‐makers in health policy, among payers and administrations as well as in practical care.
A face‐to‐face comparison of the BBB cell models hCMEC/D3 and hBMEC for their applicability to adenoviral expression of transporters
Authors: Taggi Valerio , Schäfer Anima M. , Dolce Asaél , Meyer zu Schwabedissen Henriette E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a structure mainly formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC) whose role is to regulate the exchange of compounds between the blood and the brain. In this process efflux and uptake transporters play a key role. Aim of this study was to compare the two previously established cell lines hCMEC/D3 and hBMEC as BBB cell models for the application of an adenoviral system to transiently express OATP2B1 and Pgp. Comparison of hCMEC/D3 and hBMEC mRNA and protein levels of BBB markers showed a unique expression pattern for each cell line. While showing similar expression of the efflux transporter BCRP, transferrin receptor (TFRC) and of the tight junctions proteins Occludin and ZO‐1, hCMEC/D3 displayed higher levels of the endothelial marker PECAM1, VE‐cadherin, Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) and of the efflux transporter Pgp. Moreover, measuring integrity of the monolayer by determining the Trans‐Endothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER), electrical capacitance (CCl), and inulin apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) revealed higher TEER and lower CCl for hBMEC but comparable Papp in the two cell lines. Following adenoviral infection, enhanced OATP2B1 and Pgp expression and functionality could be observed only in hBMEC. Importantly, the adenoviral expression system did not affect expression of BBB markers and permeability in both cell lines. Taken together, our results provide first evidence that hBMEC is an applicable human BBB cell model in which adenoviral infection can be used to transiently express and investigate transporters of interest.image