bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Report on the Culture of Embryos of Dwarf Coconut, <i>Cocos nucifera</i> L var <i>nana In vitro</i>
Authors: Karunaratne Seetha , Kurukulaarachchi Cecily , Gamage Chandra 
Published: August 2009

The possibility of culturing excised embryos of coconut, Cocos nucifera L. var. nana in vitro has been investigated. Embryos were excised from nuts harvested 10-11 months after pollination. Incubation of these embryos in a liquid medium (a modification of Y3 medium, Eeuwens, 1978) at 30-32°C and under a 12hr photoperiod of low light intensity (2.0μEm-2s-1) resulted in about 62% of the cultured embryos developing into seedlings. A high concentration of sucrose stimulated haustorium development and subsequent root initiation. A significant retardation in growth of the embryos and complete cessation of haustorium development and root initiation occured in the absence of activated charcoal. Four month old seedlings were transplanted successfully into soil. It is concluded that activated charcoal and a high concentration of sucrose are two important factors contributing to successful growth of coconut embryos in vitro. Attempts were also made to preserve the coconut embryos in culture in a dormant state. A special survival medium which suppresses the growth of the embryos has been developed. 32% of the embryos incubated in the survival medium for a period of 5 months developed into seedlings when transferred to the development medium. COCOS, (1985) 3 01-08 doi: 10.4038/cocos.v3i0.815
Effect of Monocrotophos on the Leaf Eating Caterpillar, <i>Opisina arenosella</i> Walk, when Injected into the Trunk of the Coconut Palm
Authors: Kanagaratnam P , Pinto JLJG 
Published: August 2009

Monocrotophos injected into the trunk of tall coconut palms (15 to 20 m) at 3.0 and 6.0g a.i. per palm, was translocated and accumulated in the leaves in quantities sufficient to kill the leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella. Monocrotophos was injected, as an undiluted 60% W S C , into freshly made holes, 15cm deep and 2cm in diameter, made at a point lm above the ground. Only one hole per palm was used for this treatment. Bioassays in the laboratory and assessments of the natural population of caterpillars on the experimental palms indicated that the insecticidal effect persisted in the leaves for about four to six months. This treatment would therefore be adequate to control a succession of larvae hatching out of eggs laid over a period of time. Although the injection technique obviates the risks of spray contamination of the environment, the question of pesticide residues in edible tissues arises and this aspect needs further study. COCOS, (1985) 3 09-15 doi: 10.4038/cocos.v3i0.816
Ab initio energy calculations and macroscopic rate modeling of hydroformylation of higher alkenes by Rh‐based catalyst
Authors: Shaharun Maizatul S. , Dutta Binay K. , Mukhtar Hilmi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAb initio quantum chemical computations have been done to determine the energetics and reaction pathways of hydroformylation of higher alkenes using a rhodium complex homogeneous catalyst. Calculation of fragments of the potential energy surfaces of the HRh(CO)(PPh3)3‐catalyzed hydroformylation of 1‐decene, 1‐dodecene, and styrene were performed by the restricted Hartree‐Fock method at the second‐order MØller‐Plesset (MP2) level of perturbation theory and basis set of 6‐31++G(d,p). Geometrically optimized structures of the intermediates and transition states were identified. Three generalized rate models were developed on the basis of above reaction path analysis as well as experimental findings reported in the literature. The kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the models were estimated by nonlinear least square regression of available literature data. The model based on H2‐oxidative addition fitted the data best; it predicts the conversion of all the alkenes quite satisfactorily with an average deviation of 7.6% and a maximum deviation of 13%. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Large wave characteristics and their downstream evolution at high Reynolds number falling films
Authors: Kostoglou Margaritis , Samaras Konstantinos , Karapantsios Thodoris D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThere are many open questions regarding the evolution of waves, especially for the case of turbulent films. To resolve the complexity in modeling wavy turbulent films, more information needs to be derived from experimental data. On this account, a new way is proposed herein to analyze experimental film thickness traces, replacing the usual statistical analysis. Large waves are identified in experimental traces, and their shape is described by approximation with a few parameters curve. The probability density functions of these parameters are identified and the whole procedure can be considered as a compression method of the information content of experimental data series. By comparing results at several downstream locations, information on the evolution of waves along the flow is derived. This information indicates a 3D character of the flow, customary neglected in modeling efforts. In addition, the current results can be used for the numerical reconstruction of experimental film thickness traces. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Condensed rotational separation of CO2 from natural gas
Authors: Willems G. P. , Golombok M. , Tesselaar G. , Brouwers J. J. H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article describes measurements of methane purification by condensed rotational separation. First, the separation concept is introduced. Then the test‐setup and measurements are described. The thermodynamic performance of the system is compared with thermodynamic predictions and is found to be in good agreement. The separation performance of the centrifugal separator is addressed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Understanding weathering of oil sands ores by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Ren Sili , Zhao Hongying , Long Jun , Xu Zhenghe , Masliyah Jacob 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEffect of weathering on colloidal interactions between bitumen and oil sands solids was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The change in bitumen chemistry due to weathering was found to have a negligible effect on the interactions of bitumen with solid particles. However, the increase in solid surface hydrophobicity due to ore weathering reversed the long‐range interaction forces between bitumen and solids from repulsive to attractive with a corresponding increase in adhesion force. The measured force profiles between bitumen and various solids can be well fitted with the extended DLVO theory by considering an additional attractive force. The attractive long‐range force and increased adhesion force make the separation of bitumen from solids more difficult and the attachment of fine solids on liberated bitumen easier, thereby leading to poor bitumen liberation and lower aeration efficiency. Such changes account for the observed poor processability of the weathered ores. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Oxygen permeability and structural stability of a novel tantalum‐doped perovskite BaCo0.7Fe0.2Ta0.1O3−δ
Authors: Luo Huixia , Tian Bingbing , Wei Yanying , Wang Haihui , Jiang Heqing , Caro Jürgen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDense BaCo0.7Fe0.2Ta0.1O3−δ (BCFT) perovskite membranes were successfully synthesized by a simple solid state reaction. In situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction indicated the good structure stability and phase reversibility of BCFT at high temperatures. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of BCFT was determined to amount 1.02 × 10−5 K−1, which is smaller than those of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) (1.15 × 10−5 K−1), SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (SCF) (1.79 × 10−5 K−1), and BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3−δ (BCFZ) (1.03 × 10−5 K−1). It can be seen that the introduction of Ta ions into the perovskite framework could effectively lower the TEC. Thickness dependence studies of oxygen permeation through the BCFT membrane indicated that the oxygen permeation process was controlled by bulk diffusion. A membrane reactor made from BCFT was successfully operated for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas at 900°C for 400 h without failure and with the relatively high, stable oxygen permeation flux of about 16.8 ml/min cm2. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Effects of shear and electrical properties on flow characteristics of pharmaceutical blends
Authors: Pingali Kalyana C. , Tomassone M. Silvina , Muzzio Fernando J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article examines the effects and interactions of shear rate, shear strain on electrical and flow properties of pharmaceutical blends. An unexpectedly strong relation between the flow and passive electrical properties of powders is observed to depend on the shear history of the powder bed. Charge density, impedance, dielectrophoresis, flow index, and dilation were measured for several pharmaceutical blends after they were subjected to a controlled shear environment. It was found that the increase in the shear strain intensified the electrical properties for blends that did not contain MgSt. The opposite effect was found in blends lubricated with MgSt. Different shear conditions resulted in different correlations between flow index and dilation. Flow properties of powders were found to improve with continuous exposure to shear strain. It was also found that flow properties correlated to charge acquisition and impedance for different shear treatments. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Ecological correlates of infraorbital foramen area in primates
Authors: Muchlinski Magdalena N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe infraorbital foramen (IOF) transmits the infraorbital nerve (ION) to specialized sensory cells (mechanoreceptors) in the maxillary region. The size of the IOF has been used in numerous paleoecological interpretations of the fossil record. However, these interpretations have been applied without an explicit analysis of the relationship between ecological variables and the IOF. ION and IOF cross‐sectional area show a strong positive correlation. As a result, IOF area can be a proxy for ION area, and it is hypothesized that IOF area may be a good measure for maxillary somatosensory acuity. Differences in diet, substrate preference, and/or activity pattern have been shown to correlate with differences in maxillary somatosensory acuity among mammals. This study examines how IOF area covaries with different ecological variables. IOF area was measured for 89 primate species. Ecological profiles were also created for each species and used to evaluate interspecific variation in relative IOF area within each ecological category. The results show a significant relationship between relative IOF area and diet, but not substrate preference or activity pattern. Frugivores have significantly larger relative IOFs than either folivores or insectivores, but the relative IOFs of folivores and insectivores do not differ significantly from one another. These results partially support the hypothesis that maxillary mechanoreception is a critical sensory cue for primates within a feeding context. Results for this study suggest the IOF can be used as an informative character in some paleoecological interpretations of the primate fossil record. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of hypocretin (orexin) neurons with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Baumann Christian R. , Bassetti Claudio L. , Valko Philipp O. , Haybaeck Johannes , Keller Morten , Clark Erika , Stocker Reto , Tolnay Markus , Scammell Thomas E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChronic, daytime sleepiness is a major, disabling symptom for many patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but thus far, its etiology is not well understood. Extensive loss of the hypothalamic neurons that produce the wake‐promoting neuropeptide hypocretin (orexin) causes the severe sleepiness of narcolepsy, and partial loss of these cells may contribute to the sleepiness of Parkinson disease and other disorders. We have found that the number of hypocretin neurons is significantly reduced in patients with severe TBI. This observation highlights the often overlooked hypothalamic injury in TBI and provides new insights into the causes of chronic sleepiness in patients with TBI. Ann Neurol 2009;66:555–559
Neuromyelitis optica: Pathogenicity of patient immunoglobulin in vivo
Authors: Bradl Monika , Misu Tatsuro , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Watanabe Mitsutoshi , Mader Simone , Reindl Markus , Adzemovic Milena , Bauer Jan , Berger Thomas , Fujihara Kazuo , Itoyama Yasuto , Lassmann Hans 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveSevere inflammation and astrocyte loss with profound demyelination in spinal cord and optic nerves are typical pathological features of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). A diagnostic hallmark of this disease is the presence of serum autoantibodies against the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP‐4) on astrocytes.MethodsWe induced acute T‐cell–mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats and confronted the animals with an additional application of immunoglobulins from AQP‐4 antibody–positive and –negative NMO patients, multiple sclerosis patients, and control subjects.ResultsThe immunoglobulins from AQP‐4 antibody–positive NMO patients are pathogenic. When they reach serum titers in experimental animals comparable with those seen in NMO patients, they augment clinical disease and induce lesions in the central nervous system that are similar in structure and distribution to those seen in NMO patients, consisting of AQP‐4 and astrocyte loss, granulocytic infiltrates, T cells and activated macrophages/microglia cells, and an extensive immunoglobulin and complement deposition on astrocyte processes of the perivascular and superficial glia limitans. AQP‐4 antibody containing NMO immunoglobulin injected into naïve rats, young rats with leaky blood–brain barrier, or after transfer of a nonencephalitogenic T‐cell line did not induce disease or neuropathological alterations in the central nervous system. Absorption of NMO immunoglobulins with AQP‐4–transfected cells, but not with mock‐transfected control cells, reduced the AQP‐4 antibody titers and was associated with a reduction of astrocyte pathology after transfer.InterpretationHuman anti–AQP‐4 antibodies are not only important in the diagnosis of NMO but also augment disease and induce NMO‐like lesions in animals with T‐cell–mediated brain inflammation. Ann Neurol 2009;66:630–643
Role of endogenous testosterone concentration in pediatric stroke
Authors: Normann Sandra , de Veber Gabrielle , Fobker Manfred , Langer Claus , Kenet Gili , Bernard Timothy J. , Fiedler Barbara , Sträter Ronald , Goldenberg Neil A. , Nowak‐Göttl Ulrike 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated a male predominance in pediatric stroke. To elucidate this gender disparity, total testosterone concentration was measured in children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS; n = 72), children with cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT; n = 52), and 109 healthy controls. Testosterone levels above the 90th percentile for age and gender were documented in 10 children with AIS (13.9%) and 10 with CSVT (19.2%), totaling 16.7% of patients with cerebral thromboembolism overall, as compared with only 2 of 109 controls (1.8%; p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis with adjustment for total cholesterol level, hematocrit, and pubertal status, elevated testosterone was independently associated with increased disease risk (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: overall = 3.98 [1.38–11.45]; AIS = 3.88 [1.13–13.35]; CSVT = 5.50 [1.65–18.32]). Further adjusted analyses revealed that, for each 1nmol/l increase in testosterone in boys, the odds of cerebral thromboembolism were increased 1.3‐fold. Ann Neurol 2009;66:754–758
APOE predicts amyloid‐beta but not tau Alzheimer pathology in cognitively normal aging
Authors: Morris John C. , Roe Catherine M. , Xiong Chengjie , Fagan Anne M. , Goate Alison M. , Holtzman David M. , Mintun Mark A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine interactions of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype with age and with in vivo measures of preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) in cognitively normal aging.MethodsTwo hundred forty‐one cognitively normal individuals, aged 45–88 years, had cerebral amyloid imaging studies with Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PIB). Of the 241 individuals, 168 (70%) also had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays of amyloid‐beta42 (Aβ42), tau, and phosphorylated tau (ptau181). All individuals were genotyped for APOE.ResultsThe frequency of individuals with elevated mean cortical binding potential (MCBP) for PIB rose in an age‐dependent manner from 0% at ages 45–49 years to 30.3% at 80–88 years. Reduced levels of CSF Aβ42 appeared to begin earlier (18.2% of those aged 45–49 years) and increase with age in higher frequencies (50% at age 80–88 years) than elevations of MCBP. There was a gene dose effect for the APOE4 genotype, with greater MCBP increases and greater reductions in CSF Aβ42 with increased numbers of APOE4 alleles. Individuals with an APOE2 allele had no increase in MCBP with age and had higher CSF Aβ42 levels than individuals without an APOE2 allele. There was no APOE4 or APOE2 effect on CSF tau or ptau181.InterpretationIncreasing cerebral Aβ deposition with age is the pathobiological phenotype of APOE4. The biomarker sequence that detects Aβ deposition may first be lowered CSF Aβ42, followed by elevated MCBP for PIB. A substantial proportion of cognitively normal individuals have presumptive preclinical AD. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:122–131
Effect of radial angle on mixing time for a double jet mixer
Authors: Manjula P. , Kalaichelvi P. , Shanawaskhan C. , Dheenathayalan K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMixing is one of the common unit operations employed in chemical industries. It is used for blending of liquids, flocculation, homogenization of mixtures, ensuring proper heat and mass transfer in various operations, prevention of deposition of solid particles, etc. Earlier research aspects were focused on experimental estimation of mixing time and proposing suitable correlations for the prediction of mixing time, the recent one being on flow visualization. However, most of the results reported in the literature deal with liquid flow with multi jets, whereas the effect of radial angle on mixing time was not studied. This study describes the effect of radial angle on mixing time as determined by experiment and simulation. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is done for a jet mixing tank having two jets for a water–water system. Nozzle configuration for jet1 was fixed on the basis of our earlier studies (2/3rd position, flow rate 9l/m, nozzle angle 45° and nozzle diameter 10 mm). Mixing times were estimated for different jet2 configurations (jet angle 30°, 45° and 60°; radial angles 60°, 120°, 180°) located at different tank heights (2/3rd and 1/3rd from the bottom of the tank). The results obtained for mixing time for jet mixing in a tank with two jets are analyzed and the suitable nozzle angle, radial angle and position are proposed for the jet2 of the jet mixer considered in the present study. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The LongHouse proposal for objects classified by mediums
Authors: Larsen Jack Lenor 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn 1996, with funding from the Henry Luce Foundation, Jack Lenor Larsen and an advisory committee composed of distinguished museum and design professionals developed “Objects Classified by Mediums” in response to the concern that existing systems do not provide the tools for comparing information on objects. A common understanding and definitions of terms are crucial to the success of a classification project meant to cross institutional and national boundaries. “Objects Classified by Mediums” seeks to organize areas of study in fiber, clay, metal, wood, and so on, to allow curators and scholars to compare information on similar methods used, build a conceptual framework for the greater understanding of whole categories of objects rather than as isolated works, and provide a finding tool for cross‐cultural and cross‐disciplinary investigation.
Intertextual semantics: A semantics for information design
Authors: Marcoux Yves , Rizkallah Élias 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn most discussions about information and knowledge management, natural language is described as too fuzzy, ambiguous, and changing to serve as a basis for the development of large‐scale tools and systems. Instead, artificial formal languages are developed and used to represent, hopefully in an unambiguous and precise way, the information or knowledge to be managed. Intertextual semantics (IS) adopts an almost exactly opposite point of view: Natural language is the foundation on which information management tools and systems should be developed, and the usefulness of artificial formalisms used in the process lies exclusively in our ability to derive natural language from them. In this article, we introduce IS, its origins, and underlying hypotheses and principles, and argue that even if its basic principles seem remote from current trends in design, IS is actually compatible with—and complementary to—those trends, especially semiotic engineering (C.S. de Souza,2005a). We also hint at further possible application areas, such as interface and interaction design, and the design of concrete objects.
New basics for new literacies
Authors: Marcus Susan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOver the last few decades, digital technologies have driven deep and profound changes in our relationships with our institutions, communications, and cultures. This process is not only ongoing but also accelerating. For the children who will inevitably grow up in this environment of change, we have done little to update the institution of education. The field of design has a great deal to offer children at this time. The thinking processes and multimodal approaches can, in part, provide the foundation for the skills that children will need for the necessary innovations of the future. The following article makes further recommendations for creativity as the next essential literacy for our children.
Digitized historic costume collections: Inspiring the future while preserving the past
Authors: Sauro Clare 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCreativity and inspiration are essential elements of the fashion design process. Many historic costume collections were founded specifically to educate and inspire designers and students. While traditional research took a hands‐on approach to using these collections, students and designers increasingly rely on the Internet and other digital resources for inspiration. Consequently, to remain relevant, costume collections need to adapt to this new way of conducting research. Several projects, such as the Digital Dress Project, the Drexel Digital Museum Project, and the recently launched searchable catalog of The Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, have advanced this process.