bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver symptom burden: The risk of caring for an underserved patient with advanced cancer
Authors: Palos Guadalupe R. , Mendoza Tito R. , Liao Kai‐Ping , Anderson Karen O. , Garcia‐Gonzalez Araceli , Hahn Karin , Nazario Arlene , Ramondetta Lois M. , Valero Vicente , Lynch Garrett R. , Jibaja‐Weiss Maria L. , Cleeland Charles S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The growing diversity of the population of the United States and the high burden of cancer‐related symptoms reflect the need for caregiver research within underserved groups. In this longitudinal study, the authors assessed changes in symptom severity in caregivers and underserved minority patients diagnosed with advanced solid tumors who were being treated at public hospitals.METHODS:A total of 85 matched patient‐caregiver dyads completed the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory 3 times during 20 weeks of chemotherapy. At each time point, symptom severity and interference with daily activities were assessed. Group‐based trajectory modeling was used to classify caregivers into high‐symptom or low‐symptom burden groups.RESULTS:Sadness and distress were more prevalent among caregivers (P = .005). Symptom burden remained stable among caregivers in the high‐symptom group (40%), whereas the low‐symptom group (60%) demonstrated a statistically significant decrease over time. Multivariate analysis found being a family‐member caregiver (adjusted odds ratio [ADJ‐OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.4‐11.6) and caring for a highly symptomatic patient (ADJ‐OR, 8.0; 95% CI, 1.5‐41.4), rather than race, ethnicity, or sociodemographic characteristics, were significant predictors of the caregiver's membership in the high‐symptom burden group.CONCLUSIONS:Approximately 40% of the caregivers in the current study were found to be at an increased risk for moderate to severe sadness and distress, which remained severe throughout the patient's treatment course at public hospitals. To the authors' knowledge, this study marks the first time that the concept of symptom burden has been used to measure caregiver burden, and the first time that symptom burden has been measured and documented in dyads of caregivers and underserved minority patients. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The impact of tumor burden characteristics in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib
Authors: Basappa Naveen S. , Elson Paul , Golshayan Ali‐Reza , Wood Laura , Garcia Jorge A. , Dreicer Robert , Rini Brian I. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:An important goal of noncurative therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is tumor burden (TB) control. However, to the authors' knowledge, the impact of TB characteristics on clinical outcome has not been studied in patients with mRCC who were treated with vascular endothelial growth factor‐targeted therapy.METHODS:Patients with clear cell mRCC who were treated with sunitinib between June 2004 and October 2007 were retrospectively identified. Computed tomography scans were re‐reviewed from baseline, at the time of maximal TB shrinkage (TS) while receiving sunitinib, and at the time of progressive disease (PD). Measurements were recorded as per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST).RESULTS:A total of 69 patients were identified. The majority (54%) were classified as being of favorable risk using Cleveland Clinic Foundation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (CCF TKI) risk group criteria. All patients underwent prior nephrectomy and 77% received prior systemic therapy. There were a median of 8 metastatic deposits across all organs (range, 1‐27 deposits). The median TB at the initiation of therapy was 14.0 cm (range, 3.0 cm‐42.2 cm). On multivariable analysis, baseline characteristics of disease confined to above the diaphragm (P = .03) and a total TB <13 cm (P = .09) were found to be independent positive predictors of progression‐free survival. A+ baseline, total number of metastases <10 (P < .001) and TB above the diaphragm <6.5 cm (P = .05) were found to be independent positive predictors of overall survival (OS). Increased TS while receiving sunitinib was found to be significantly associated with OS (P < .001). At the time of PD, tumor location and pattern of disease progression were not found to be associated with survival as measured from the date of PD. However, total TB (P = .003) and total number of metastatic deposits (≤12 vs >12; P < .001) were found to be significant predictors of survival after PD.CONCLUSIONS:The results of the current study indicate that TB characteristics are associated with clinical outcome in patients with mRCC who are treated with sunitinib. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Cell‐type‐specific localization of protocadherin β16 at AMPA and AMPA/kainate receptor‐containing synapses in the primate retina
Authors: Puller Christian , Haverkamp Silke 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProtocadherins (Pcdhs) are thought to be key features of cell‐type‐specific synapse formation. Here we analyzed the expression pattern of Pcdh subunit β16 (β16) in the primate retina by applying antibodies against β16, different subunits of ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs), and cell‐type‐specific markers as well as by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blots. Immunocytochemical localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy and preembedding electron microscopy. In the outer plexiform layer (OPL) H1, but not H2, horizontal cells expressed β16 as revealed by the strong reduction of β16 at short‐wavelength‐sensitive cones. β16 colocalized with the GluR subunits GluR2–4 at horizontal cell dendritic tips and with GluR2–4 and GluR6/7 at the desmosome‐like junctions. At the latter, these AMPA and kainate receptor subunits were found to be clustered within single synaptic hot spots. Additionally, β16‐labeled dendritic tips of OFF cone bipolar cells appeared in triad‐associated positions at the cone pedicle base, pointing to β16 expression by OFF midget or DB3 bipolar cells. In the inner plexiform layer, β16 was localized also postsynaptically at most of the glutamatergic synapses. Overall, we provide evidence for a cell‐type‐specific localization of β16 together with GluRs at defined postsynaptic sites and a coexistence of AMPA and kainate receptors within single synaptic hot spots. This study supports the hypothesis that β16 plays an important role in the formation and/or stabilization of specific glutamatergic synapses, whereas our in vivo protein biochemical results argue against the existence of protein complexes formed by β16 and GluRs. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:467–479, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of retinal function and glial cell response in a mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy
Authors: Vessey K.A. , Wilkinson‐Berka J.L. , Fletcher E.L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRetinal neovascularization, such as that occurring in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, can have serious effects on visual function. By using a mouse model of neovascularization, oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR), the interplay among angiogenesis, neuronal function, and the macro‐ and micro‐glial response was explored. OIR was induced by exposure of mice to 75% oxygen from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P11 and then room air until P18. Controls were reared in room air. Blood vessel development was assessed by using fluorescence histochemistry. Aberrant intravitreal neovascularization was present across all eccentricities of retina in mice with OIR, whereas the number of vessels present in the deep plexus was reduced in the central regions. Neuronal function of both the rod and cone pathways, assessed by using the electroretinogram, was found to be significantly reduced in OIR. This may in part be explained by an alteration in photoreceptor outer segment morphology and also a loss of neurons and their synapses in the inner nuclear and plexiform layers of the central retina. In addition, there was an increase in the number of gliotic Müller cells and microglia in mice with OIR and the increase in the number of these cells correlated with the absence of the deep plexus. This indicates that the activity of both macro‐ and microglia is altered in regions where the deep plexus blood supply is deficient. Treatments or genetic manipulations directed toward amelioration of proliferative retinopathy need to address not only the vascular changes but also the alterations in neuronal and macro‐ and microglial function. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:506–527, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cannabinoid receptor type 1 expression during postnatal development of the rat retina
Authors: Zabouri N. , Bouchard J.‐F. , Casanova C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) participates in developmental processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The rodent retina represents an interesting and valuable model for studying CNS development, because it contains well‐identified cell types with clearly established and distinct developmental timelines. Very little is known about the distribution or function of CB1R in the developing retina. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of CB1R in the rat retina during all stages of postnatal development. Western blots were performed on retinal tissue at different time points between P1 and adulthood. In order to identify the cells expressing the receptor and the age at which this expression started, immunohistochemical co‐staining was carried out for CB1R and markers of the different cell types comprising the retina. CB1R was already present at P1 in various cell types, i.e., ganglion, amacrine, horizontal, and mitotic cells. In the course of development, it appeared in cone photoreceptors and bipolar cells. For some cell types (bipolar, Müller, and some amacrine cells), CB1R was transiently expressed, suggesting a potential role of this receptor in developmental processes, such as migration, morphological changes, sub‐identity acquisition, and patterned retinal spontaneous activity. Our results also indicated that CB1R is largely expressed in the adult retina (cone photoreceptors and horizontal, most amacrine, and retinal ganglion cells), and may therefore contribute to retinal functions. Overall these results indicate that, as shown in other structures of the brain, CB1R could play an instrumental role in the development and function of the retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1258–1280, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature‐Dependent Rate Coefficients and Theoretical Calculations for the OH+Cl2O Reaction
Authors: Riffault Véronique , Clark Jared M. , Hansen Jaron C. , Ravishankara A. R. , Burkholder James B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRate coefficients k for the OH+Cl2O reaction are measured as a function of temperature (230–370 K) and pressure by using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and laser‐induced fluorescence to monitor their loss under pseudo‐first‐order conditions in OH. The reaction rate coefficient is found to be independent of pressure, within the precision of our measurements at 30–100 Torr (He) and 100 Torr (N2). The rate coefficients obtained at 100 Torr (He) showed a negative temperature dependence with a weak non‐Arrhenius behavior. A room‐temperature rate coefficient of k1(297 K)=(7.5±1.1)×10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 is obtained, where the quoted uncertainties are 2 σ and include estimated systematic errors. Theoretical methods are used to examine OH⋅⋅⋅OCl2 and OH⋅⋅⋅ClOCl adduct formation and the potential‐energy surfaces leading to the HOCl+ClO (1 a) and Cl+HOOCl (1 d) products in reaction (1) at the hybrid density functional UMPW1K/6‐311++G(2df,p) level of theory. The OH⋅⋅⋅OCl2 and OH⋅⋅⋅ClOCl adducts are found to have binding energies of about 0.2 kcal mol−1. The reaction is calculated to proceed through weak pre‐reactive complexes. Transition‐state energies for channels (1 a) and (1 d) are calculated to be about 1.4 and about 3.3 kcal mol−1 above the energy of the reactants. The results from the present study are compared with previously reported rate coefficients, and the interpretation of the possible non‐Arrhenius behavior is discussed.
Ionic Basis of Resting and Action Potentials
Authors: Hille Bertil 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Development of Membrane TheoryBefore Intracellular RecordingFirst Intracellular Recordings from Squid Giant AxonsDirect Measurement of Ionic Currents in Axon MembranesVoltage‐clamp MethodElectrochemical Separation of Ionic CurrentsPharmacological Separation of Ionic CurrentsHodgkin‐huxley ModelQuantitative Analysis of INaand IkCalculations with Hodgkin‐Huxley ModelVariety of Excitable CellsMyelinated NerveOther AxonsCell BodiesMuscleIonic ChannelsSodium ChannelsPotassium ChannelsCalcium ChannelsEquations of Ionic HypothesisSolving Hodgkin‐Huxley ModelDiffusion of Charged Particles in Electric Field
Increase of core biopsies in visceral organs–experience at one institution
Authors: Gupta Namita J. , Wang Helen H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAll targeted core biopsies in the surgical pathology file and all cytology specimens from liver, lung, kidney, and pancreas accessioned in 1997, 2002, and 2007 in the Pathology Department at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, were culled. Cytology specimen type [touch imprint smear (TIS) from core‐only, fine‐needle aspiration (FNA)‐only, or both] was determined. Seven hundred and fifty‐eight targeted core biopsies were identified from the years 1997 (162), 2002 (249), and 2007 (347). Eight hundred and seventy‐eight cytology specimens from the years 1997 (127), 2002 (264), and 2007 (487) were included. The overall percentage of TIS‐only of all cytology specimens increased from 5.5 to 31% in 10 years and most prominently in the liver (14% in 1997 to 87% in 2007). In spite of the increasing use of core biopsies, the volume of cytology specimens from these organs increased from 127 in 1997 to 487 in 2007. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of heart valve morphogenesis by Eph receptor ligand, ephrin‐A1
Authors: Frieden Leslie A. , Townsend Todd A. , Vaught David B. , Delaughter Daniel M. , Hwang Yoonha , Barnett Joey V. , Chen Jin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDisease or malformation of heart valves is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. These congenital anomalies can remain undetected until cardiac function is compromised, making it important to understand the underlying nature of these disorders. Here we show that ephrin‐A1, a ligand for class A Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, regulates cardiac valve formation. Exogenous ephrin‐A1‐Fc or overexpression of ephrin‐A1 in the heart inhibits epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in chick atrioventricular cushion explants. In contrast, overexpression of wild‐type EphA3 receptor promotes EMT via a kinase‐dependent mechanism. To analyze ephrin‐A1 in vivo, we generated an ephrin‐A1 knockout mouse through gene targeting. Ephrin‐A1 null animals are viable but exhibit impaired cardiac function. Loss of ephrin‐A1 results in thickened aortic and mitral valves in newborn and adult animals. Analysis of early embryonic hearts revealed increased cellularity in outflow tract endocardial cushions and elevated mesenchymal marker expression, suggesting that excessive numbers of cells undergo EMT. Taken together, these data indicate that ephrin‐A1 regulates cardiac valve development, making ephrin‐A1‐deficient mice a novel model for congenital heart defects. Developmental Dynamics 239:3226–3234, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diiron Complexes with a [2Fe3S] Core Related to the Active Site of [FeFe]H2ases
Authors: Charreteur Kévin , Capon Jean‐François , Gloaguen Frédéric , Pétillon François Y. , Schollhammer Philippe , Talarmin Jean 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSix‐membered heterocycles, 1,4‐dithiane and 1,4‐thioxane, were treated with [Fe2(CO)6(μ‐pdt)] (pdt = propanedithiolate) in order to synthesise [2Fe3S] complexes with well positioned heteroatoms as potential base. Monosubstituted compounds of general formula [Fe2(CO)5L(μ‐pdt)] (L = 1,4‐dithiane, 1,4‐thioxane) were mainly obtained and characterised by 1H NMR, IR, elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction studies. Electrochemical behaviour of these monosubstituted derivatives was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. An original tetranuclear cluster with a [4Fe8S] core was also isolated as a minor product and structurally characterised.
Shorter and Easier Syntheses of Di‐tert‐butylketene and Relatedgem‐Di‐tert‐butyl Compounds
Authors: Knorr Rudolf , Hennig Karsten‐Olaf , Schubert Bernhard , Böhrer Petra 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe ketenetBu2C=C=O is prepared fromtBu2C=O in three steps (performable as a two‐stage operation) through elimination of HCl from the intermediate producttBu2CCl–CH=O. The acidtBu2CH–CO2H, obtainable in two, three, or four preparative stages fromtBu2C=O, adds slowly to the ketene to produce the anhydride (tBu2CH–CO)2O. Elemental lithium together with ClSiMe3convertstBu2CCl–CH=O intotBu2C=CH–OSiMe3, which is a durable precursor oftBu2CH–CH=O, making this aldehyde easily and cheaply available fromtBu2C=O. By exclusion of alternative mechanistic possibilities, the reduction oftBu2CCl–CH=O bytBuMgCl is shown to involve at least one single‐electron transfer, leading to the enolatetBu2C=CH–OMgCl, which can be converted intotBu2CH–CH=O (three steps fromtBu2C=O) or intotBu2C=CH–OSiMe3. Hydride transfer from NaBH4totBu2CCl–CH=O affordstBu2CCl–CH2OH, the transformations of which provide an entertaining set of SN1‐type reactions. Several other examples of carbenium‐type behavior are encountered in thisgem‐tBu2system; they are attributed to steric congestion, which also impedes bond rotations in the anhydride and in two esters. A convenient route totBu2CH–C≡N (five steps fromtBu2C=O) uses the conversion oftBu2C=CH–OSiMe3intotBu2CH–CH=NOH. The slow thermal (Z)/(E) equilibration oftBu2CH–NH–CH=O reveals the ranking of ecliptic repulsions as H3C <tBu <tBu2CH.
Abiespiroside A, an Unprecedented Sesquiterpenoid Spirolactone with a 6/6/5 Ring System from Abies delavayi
Authors: Yang Xian‐Wen , Li Su‐Mei , Li Yong‐Li , Xia Jia‐Han , Wu Liang , Shen Yun‐Heng , Tian Jun‐Mian , Wang Ning , Liu Yonghong , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAbiespiroside A (1), a unique sesquiterpenoid spirolactone with a 6/6/5 ring system, was isolated from Abies delavayi Franch. The structure was established as (1R,5R,6R,7S,9R)‐6,9α‐epoxy‐9,15‐bisabolanolide‐5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside by extensive analysis of various spectroscopic data and further confirmation by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It showed potent inhibitory activity against the production of nitric oxide in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides.
Use of marble cutting sludges for remediating soils and sediments contaminated by heavy metals
Authors: Pérez‐Sirvent Carmen , García‐Lorenzo María Luz , Martínez‐Sánchez María José , Molina‐Ruiz José , Marimon Jorge , Navarro María Cortes 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe addition of marble‐cutting sludge to soils and sediments was assessed as a possible way of remediating heavy metal contamination. Two sediments from a site affected by historic mining activities and two sediment samples obtained from a highly industrialized area were used for the study. The samples were mixed with marble‐cutting sludge providing four stabilized samples from which forty leachates were studied. The results suggest that the addition of this sludge, consisting mainly of carbonates, to heavy metal polluted sediments, decreases available metal forms. The leached solutions showed a nontoxic effect when they were submitted to the Microtox® bioassay. The carbonate content plays a role in the chemical stabilization of metals and in lowering the toxicity of these types of samples. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010.
Alzheimer's disease genetics: current knowledge and future challenges
Authors: Hollingworth Paul , Harold Denise , Jones Lesley , Owen Michael J. , Williams Julie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is highly heritable, but genetically complex. Recently, three large‐scale genome‐wide association studies have made substantial breakthroughs in disentangling the genetic architecture of the disease. These studies combined include data from over 43 000 independent individuals and provide compelling evidence that variants in four novel susceptibility genes (CLU, PICALM, CR1, BIN1) are associated with disease risk. These findings are tremendously exciting, not only in providing new avenues for exploration, but also highlighting the potential for further gene discovery when larger samples are analysed. Here we discuss progress to date in identifying risk genes for dementia, ways forward and how current findings are refining previous ideas and defining new putative primary disease mechanisms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neck treatment and shoulder morbidity: Still a challenge
Authors: Bradley Patrick J. , Ferlito Alfio , Silver Carl E. , Takes Robert P. , Woolgar Julia A. , Strojan Primož , Suárez Carlos , Coskun Hakan , Zbären Peter , Rinaldo Alessandra 
Published: October 2010

AbstractShoulder complaints and functional impairment are common sequelae of neck dissection. This is often attributed to injury of the spinal accessory nerve by dissection or direct trauma. Nevertheless, shoulder morbidity may also occur in cases in which the spinal accessory nerve has been preserved. In this article, the physiology and pathophysiology of the shoulder are discussed, followed by a consideration of the impact of neck dissection on shoulder complaints, functional impairment, and quality of life. Finally, rehabilitation will be considered. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Outcomes after definitive treatment for cutaneous angiosarcoma of the face and scalp
Authors: Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh , Zagars Gunar K. , Araujo Dejka , Ravi Vinod , Shellenberger Thomas D. , Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present analysis was to retrospectively evaluate outcomes in patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma of the face/scalp treated curatively with surgery, radiation therapy (RT), or a combination of surgery and RT.MethodsIn all, 70 patients with nonmetastatic angiosarcoma underwent surgery, RT, or combined‐modality therapy. Of these, 20 patients (29%) were treated with surgery alone, 27 patients (39%) with RT alone, and 23 patients (33%) with combined‐modality therapy; 44 patients received chemotherapy, either neoadjuvantly or adjuvantly or both.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 2.1 years. The overall survival (OS) rate was 43% at 5 years, and disease‐specific survival (DSS) was 46% at 5 years. Tumor size > 5 cm and satellitosis were prognostic for inferior OS and DSS. Combined‐modality therapy (vs surgery alone or RT alone) was associated with improved OS, DSS, and local control.ConclusionsPrimary local therapy with combined‐modality therapy was associated with improved local control, OS, and DSS for patients with angiosarcoma of the face/scalp. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011