bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics of blue whale lunge feeding: efficiency dependence on krill density
Authors: Goldbogen J. A. , Calambokidis J. , Oleson E. , Potvin J. , Pyenson N. D. , Schorr G. , Shadwick R. E. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARY
Lunge feeding by rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) is associated with a high energetic cost that decreases diving capacity, thereby limiting access to dense prey patches at depth. Despite this cost, rorquals exhibit high rates of lipid deposition and extremely large maximum body size. To address this paradox, we integrated kinematic data from digital tags with unsteady hydrodynamic models to estimate the energy budget for lunges and foraging dives of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), the largest rorqual and living mammal. Our analysis suggests that, despite the large amount of mechanical work required to lunge feed, a large amount of prey and, therefore, energy is obtained during engulfment. Furthermore, we suggest that foraging efficiency for blue whales is significantly higher than for other marine mammals by nearly an order of magnitude, but only if lunges target extremely high densities of krill. The high predicted efficiency is attributed to the enhanced engulfment capacity, rapid filter rate and low mass-specific metabolic rate associated with large body size in blue whales. These results highlight the importance of high prey density, regardless of prey patch depth, for efficient bulk filter feeding in baleen whales and may explain some diel changes in foraging behavior in rorqual whales.
Use of radio-tagging to map spatial organization and social interactions in insects
Authors: Moreau Mathieu , Arrufat Patrick , Latil Gérard , Jeanson Raphaël 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARY
Understanding of the organization of animal societies often requires knowledge of the identity of group members and their spatial location. We propose an original experimental design to track automatically the position of individuals using radio frequency identification technology (RFID). Ants equipped with passive transponders were detected by a reader mounted on a mobile arm moving across the nest surface. We developed an algorithm to accurately extract the positions of individuals moving in two dimensions. Our method was validated on synthetic test cases and then used for characterization of the spatial distribution of ants within nests. This approach provides an amenable system for monitoring large populations of individuals over long periods of time.
Investigation of the influence of multiple gasoline direct injections on macroscopic spray quantities at different boundary conditions by means of visualization techniques
Authors: Martin D , Pischke P , Kneer R 
Published: December 2010

The reduction of combustion emissions and fuel consumption can be achieved by controlling the fuel mixture to be burned and therefore the fuel injection. In this study a gasoline direct injection (GDI) piezo hollow cone injector is investigated by visualization measurements. Both single and double injection events are examined in a pressurized chamber. For the single injection, the influence of the ambient temperature and pressure is analysed in detail. For the double injection, the ambient conditions and the time interval between two injections are varied. For the single injection, the general shape of the spray, the recirculation eddy formed at the spray edge, the stringy structure of the hollow cone, and defined quantities such as the penetration length or the spray width are examined with respect to the influence of the ambient conditions. For the double injection, the same properties are evaluated, with the focus put not only on the influence of the ambient conditions, but also on the mutual interaction of two spray events. The experimental results show a clear impact of both the ambient conditions and the time difference between two injections. In particular, the investigation of the recirculation eddy may be helpful in determining possible positions for the spark plug, since the spark plug is preferably placed in regions where the air–fuel mixture variations are minimal.
No Extraneous Information, Please: Adding Drug to Hanging IV Bag Poses Many Risks: Doribax-Zovirax Name Confusion: Ambiguous Directions, Wrong Assumption by Patient
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: December 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again-perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Clinical Experience with Linezolid at a Large Academic Medical Center: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Heintz Brett H. , Halilovic Jenana 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe objectives of this study were to evaluate current patterns of use, microbiologic cure rates, and hematologic toxicities, including identification of risk factors, associated with linezolid utilization at our institution.MethodsUtilization, clinical, microbiological, and toxicity data were collected prospectively over an 8-month period (August 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007). Binary logistic and multivariate stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia and anemia.ResultsA total of 116 linezolid courses (102 patients) were identified with a mean duration of therapy of 12.3 days. Appropriate infectious disease service approval and consults were found in 87.9% and 62.1% of the cases, respectively. Bloodstream, urinary tract, and respiratory tract infections accounted for 29%, 21%, and 16% of clinical indications, respectively. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and coagulase-negative staphylococci accounted for 43%, 24%, and 7% of clinical isolates, respectively. Overall, the microbiologic cure rate among evaluable patients was 83.8%. Development of thrombocytopenia was found in approximately 30% of linezolid-treated patients. Risk factors for linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia included female gender (OR 5.66, P = .002), serum creatinine (SCr) ≥ 2 mg/dL (OR 4.48, P = .009), intensive care unit admission (OR 3.06, P = .038), and duration of therapy ≥ 28 days (OR 3.76, P = .049).ConclusionUtilization patterns may suggest strategies for conserving linezolid, including improved compliance with current approval policies and clinical pathway development. Linezolid microbiological cure rates were similar to those found in the primary literature. Linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia was common and risk factors were identified. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. Hosp Pharm-2010;45(12):916-926
Myoclonus After Dextromethorphan Administration in Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Tanaka Akio , Nagamatsu Tadashi , Yamaguchi Makoto , Nomura Atsushi , Nagura Fumiko , Maeda Kayaho , Tornino Tatsuhito , Watanabe Tatsuhito , Shimizu Hideaki , Fujita Yoshiro , Ito Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2010

Objective To report a case of myoclonus that developed after administration of dextromethorphan. Case Summary: A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with chronic renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy. The patient started on peritoneal dialysis 6 months before he was hospitalized. Two days before hospitalization, he developed cough and sputum and he visited an outpatient clinic, where dextromethorphan was prescribed. After taking a total of 30 mg of dextromethorphan, the patient developed myoclonus, tremor, agitation, slurred speech, and diaphoresis, which continued after he stopped taking the prescribed medicine. He visited an emergency department and was hospitalized for examination and treatment of myoclonus. Discussion: As the patient's dialysis schedule was adequate, these symptoms were likely not due to uremia. The blood concentration of dextromethorphan (2.68 ng/mL) 60 hours after the 30-mg dose was higher than expected, and the blood concentration of dextrorphan, a metabolite, was lower than expected. We suspected that myoclonus was due to dextromethorphan-related symptoms induced by CYP2D6, which primarily metabolizes dextromethorphan. We analyzed the CYP2D6 gene for polymorphisms and identified CYP2D6 *1/*10. The patient had been taking metoprolol 40 mg/day for 2 years. The btood concentration of metoprolol 6 hours after administration was 13 ng/mL, which suggests that it was metabolized normally. Metoprolol has another metabolic pathway, via CYP2C19, and this may have led to its lack of accumulation. Moreover, metoprolol may have bound to active CYP2D6. Thus, affinity for CYP2D6, protein-binding rate, and lipid solubility may influence these drug interactions. Total scores for the Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) probability scale and the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS) were 9 (highly probable) and 3 (possible), respectively. Conclusions: Myoclonus and other symptoms in this patient may have been caused by a prolonged high concentration of dextromethorphan due to CYP2D6 polymorphisms and drug interactions.
Potential for Remote Sensing to Detect and Predict Herbicide Injury on Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: Robles Wilfredo , Madsen John D. , Wersal Ryan M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMany large-scale management programs directed toward the control of waterhyacinth rely on maintenance management with herbicides. Improving the implementation of these programs could be achieved through accurately detecting herbicide injury in order to evaluate efficacy. Mesocosm studies were conducted in the fall and summer of 2006 and 2007 at the R. R. Foil Plant Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, to detect and predict herbicide injury on waterhyacinth treated with four different rates of imazapyr and glyphosate. Herbicide rates corresponded to maximum recommended rates of 0.6 and 3.4 kg ae ha−1(0.5 and 3 lb ac−1) for imazapyr and glyphosate, respectively, and three rates lower than recommended maximum. Injury was visually estimated using a phytotoxicity rating scale, and reflectance measurements were collected using a handheld hyperspectral sensor. Reflectance measurements were then transformed into a Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) simulated data set to obtain pixel values for each spectral band. Statistical analyses were performed to determine if a correlation existed between bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 and phytotoxicity ratings. Simulated data from Landsat 5 TM indicated that band 4 was the most useful band to detect and predict herbicide injury of waterhyacinth by glyphosate and imazapyr. The relationship was negative because pixel values of band 4 decreased when herbicide injury increased. At 2 wk after treatment, the relationship between band 4 and phytotoxicity was best (r2of 0.75 and 0.90 for glyphosate and imazapyr, respectively), which served to predict herbicide injury in the following weeks.
A Tale of Three Lineages: Expansion of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) in the U.S. Southwest and Gulf Coast
Authors: Meyerson Laura A. , Lambert Adam M. , Saltonstall Kristin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe common reed invasion in North America has spanned two centuries and is still ongoing. This expansion comprises two main forms: an introduced Eurasian lineage (identified here as “IntroducedPhragmites”) and a Gulf Coast lineage of unknown origin (identified here as “Gulf CoastPhragmites”). Both lineages are spreading beyond their current ranges and are colonizing Southwestern and Gulf Coast ecosystems where they have not previously existed. As a result, the native North American lineage of common reed (hereafter “nativePhragmites”) has declined in many places. The recent invasion of the U.S. Southwest by Introduced and Gulf CoastPhragmiteslineages has made this the only region in the world colonized by all three lineages. Along the central Gulf Coast where Gulf CoastPhragmitesremains the dominant form, IntroducedPhragmiteshas also recently invaded the Mississippi River delta. The consequences of these new invasions are uncertain, but a rapid response is needed to protect native species and ecosystems and reduce future control costs.
A novel method for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis in high-risk surgical candidates: pilot study experience with percutaneous remodeling of ligamentum flavum and lamina
Authors: Chopko Bohdan Wolodymyr 
Published: December 2010

Object
Treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in chronically ill or debilitated patients is challenging. The percutaneous remodeling of ligamentum flavum and lamina (PRLL) technique is a novel method for decompression of the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum component of LSS that is performed using a fluoroscopically guided percutaneous approach, local anesthesia, and minimal sedation.

Methods
Fourteen patients deemed to be at high risk for complications related to open spine surgery and general anesthesia were treated using the PRLL technique. Prospectively collected visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) data were analyzed at the most recent follow-up. The average follow-up duration was 23.5 weeks.

Results
A statistically significant improvement in VAS scores was observed, with a reduction in pain of 53% compared with preoperative levels. In contrast, the ODI scores failed to improve.

Conclusions
This pilot series points to a potential new therapeutic option for LSS in high-risk surgical patients.
Surgical treatment of severe cervical dystrophic kyphosis due to neurofibromatosis Type 1: a review of 8 cases
Authors: Ma Junming , Wu Zhipeng , Yang Xinghai , Xiao Jianru 
Published: December 2010

Object
The goal in this study was to retrospectively investigate the clinical efficacy of surgical treatment for cervical dystrophic kyphotic deformity due to neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Methods
Between January 1998 and July 2008, 8 patients with cervical dystrophic kyphotic deformity due to neurofibromatosis Type 1 (mean Cobb angle of 58.5°) were surgically treated in the authors' department. The mean age at surgery was 19 years (range 12–38 years). Among these patients, 1 with a Cobb angle of 52° and good flexibility underwent single anterior correction, whereas the other 7 patients with severe deformity and poor flexibility received combined anterior and posterior cervical osteotomy. Motor-evoked potential studies were used intraoperatively for spinal cord monitoring. Radiographic assessment and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring were used to evaluate the clinical outcome.

Results
No severe neurological complications were noted. Two patients complained of persistent neck and shoulder pain after combined anterior and posterior correction, which alleviated after conservative treatment half a year later. All patients were followed up for a mean of 21.1 months (range 6–36 months). All patients had a solid bone fusion at the latest follow-up, with Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring improving from 11.5 preoperatively to 14.1 postoperatively (p < 0.01) at the final follow-up. The kyphotic deformities improved significantly, with average Cobb angles of 2.5° postoperatively and 4.1° at final follow-up.

Conclusions
The deformity of neurofibromatosis with cervical kyphosis is severe, and surgery carries a high risk of failure. Although premature fusion may be performed, the deformity may still progress, and this situation may lead to failure of surgery. The successful management of this disease requires early recognition and a more aggressive and reliable intervention to prevent disastrous worsening of the deformity. Meticulous preoperative evaluation, appropriate surgical strategy, and skilled technique were essential for successful surgical treatment and good clinical results.
The role of adjuvant radiation therapy in the treatment of spinal myxopapillary ependymomas
Authors: Chao Samuel T. , Kobayashi Taisei , Benzel Edward , Reddy Chandana A. , Stevens Glen H. J. , Prayson Richard A. , Kalfas Iain , Schlenk Richard , Krishnaney Ajit , Steinmetz Michael P. , Bingaman William , Hahn Joseph , Suh John H. 
Published: December 2010

Object
The goal in this study was to determine the role of radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of spinal myxopapillary ependymomas (MPEs).

Methods
Thirty-seven patients with histologically verified spinal MPEs were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to determine what patient and treatment factors influenced overall survival (OS) and recurrence.

Results
At the time of initial diagnosis, the median age was 33 years and the Karnofsky Performance Scale score was 80. In 86.5% of cases, the most common presenting symptom was pain. All patients received surgery as their initial treatment. Nine patients also received RT along with surgery, with a median total dose of 50.2 Gy. The mean survival time was 12.2 years; however, only 4 of 37 patients had died at the time of this study. None of the patient or treatment parameters significantly correlated with OS. Sixteen patients (43.2%) were found to have a recurrence, with a median time to recurrence of 7.7 years. None of the patient or treatment parameters correlated with recurrence-free survival for an initial recurrence. The median time to the second recurrence (recurrence following therapy for initial recurrence) was 1.6 years. Use of RT as salvage therapy after initial recurrence significantly correlated with longer times to a second recurrence. The median recurrence-free survival time before the second recurrence was 9.6 years for those who received RT versus 1.1 years for those who did not receive RT (p = 0.0093). None of the other parameters significantly correlated with a second recurrence.

Conclusions
Radiation therapy may have a role as salvage therapy in delaying recurrences of spinal MPEs.
Multifocal intradural extramedullary ependymoma
Authors: Iunes Eduardo Augusto , Stávale João Norberto , de Cássia Caldas Pessoa Rita , Ansai Ricardo , Onishi Franz Jooji , de Paiva Neto Manoel Antonio , de Pádua Bonatelli Antônio , Cavalheiro Sérgio , Fleury Malheiros Suzana M. 
Published: December 2010

In this paper, the authors present the case of a patient with multifocal intradural extramedullary ependymoma, and they review 18 previously reported cases.
A 32-year-old man presented to the authors' institution with a 1-month history of partial medullary syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neuraxis revealed multifocal intradural extramedullary lesions at the bulbomedullary junction and C2–3, T5–11, L-2, L-4, L-5, and sacrum. Histological examination revealed a WHO Grade II ependymoma.
The literature survey yielded 18 cases of ependymoma at the same location; none of them were multifocal at presentation. The authors analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, and surgical features of all 19 cases reported to date, including the present case.
Patients' ages ranged from 24 to 69 years; 15 patients were women and 4 were men. The time elapsed from symptom onset to diagnosis ranged from 1 month to 8 years. Pain (in 13 patients) and medullary syndrome (in 12) were reported as the initial symptoms (information was not provided for 1 patient). Tumors were predominantly located in the thoracic spine (11), but they also occurred in the cervicothoracic (3), cervical (2), and lumbar (2) spine. The remaining tumor was multifocal. Solitary extramedullary tumors were found intraoperatively in 13 patients; 3 were described as exophytic and 3 as extramedullary with some degree of medullary invasion. Histological examination revealed 9 WHO Grade II tumors, 4 Grade III tumors, and 1 myxopapillary tumor. Data obtained for the remaining cases proved inconclusive. The clinical condition improved in 11 patients, remained stable in 2, and worsened (recurrence or progression) in 6. Of the 4 patients with Grade II tumors who presented with recurrence or neuraxis spreading, 3 had meningeal infiltration or adhesion to the pia mater, which does not rule out the possibility of neoplastic remnants in that area.
Intradural extramedullary ependymomas are rare, they predominate in women in the 5th decade of life, and pain is the most frequent initial symptom. The extent of resection and the presence of meningeal infiltration seem to be key determinants of prognosis. The present case is the first intradural extramedullary ependymoma (with the exception of those occurring at the conus medullaris and terminal filum) with multiple lesions at presentation.
Una nación más allá de las fronteras
Authors: Matamoros Ruth 
Published: December 2010

Este artículo explora la recién emergente identidad transnacional que los miskitos están experimentando. Los miskitos son un grupo indígena que solía compartir un territorio común en el área que ahora esta divida por la frontera entre Honduras y Nicaragua. Esta región fue dividida, en 1957, cuando la frontera fue delimitada por el rio Coco o Wangki, atendiendo intereses estatales. Dado este contexto, este artículo tiene dos objetivos: Primero tratar de entender la insistencia del pueblo miskito en mantener su identidad como tal a pesar de sus diferencias y de estar separados en dos diferentes estados naciones. En segundo lugar argumentar que la emergente relación transnacional miskita está siendo usada como una estrategia para consolidar su identidad como etnia, lo que consecuentemente tendrá un impacto positivo en sus reclamos por la tierra y los recursos naturales ante los estados de Honduras y Nicaragua. DOI: 10.5377/wani.v56i0.223Wani No.56 2007 pp.25-44Pa as kau ma muhunki kidi yakaupak baisa tanit kau kidika. Ulna adika laihwi tatalwi wisam wayah balna sau uk kau yalahwi bang kidika lani balna laihwi tatalwa bang kidika yulni, wayah balna kidika indian kaluduhna aski, witingna puyuni bayakna yakat sau aslah kau bangdai, kaunah waralaih sahwi yakwi duwa bangki Nikarawa dawak Honduras karak, sauni adika sahwi yayakna dai kurih 1957 kau, rio coco awaskat wangki wasni kidika muhun kapat duduna dai, gabamint balna adarni kat yayamna adika dini balna bitik kidika, ulna adika di nuhni bu duwa sak ki, Tatuna kau kidika kuduh, wayah balna kuduh sau as kau kamanah yalalahwaski witingna sau bu kau yalalahwi kaunah alas lani kat yalahnin lani kidika ban duduwa atnin yulni wat wat ramhnina yuyulwa kidika amangnina lana atnin.Usnit kau kidika kuduh, wayah balna alas lani kat yalahnin lani kidika ban duduwa atnin yulni aslah kaluduhnin lani sau bu kau yayamwa bang kidika baisa parasni duwarang taimni Nikarawa dawak Honduras gabamintni balna kau yuyulnin ahawi witingna sauni ritsni balna kidika.