bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elasticity of substitution, long‐run growth, and convergence speed: A general framework
Authors: Gómez Manuel A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of factor substitution on long‐run growth and the convergence speed in the one‐sector endogenous‐growth model. We consider a general production function that encompasses the most commonly used specifications as particular cases. For two economies with the same initial conditions and parameter values, including the baseline elasticity of substitution (EOS), the one with the higher asymptotic EOS has the higher long‐run growth and convergence speed. If the asymptotic EOS is a nondecreasing function of its baseline value, an increase in the baseline EOS entails a higher long‐run growth and convergence speed.
The relationship between mothers' body composition and anthropometric characteristics of baby and breast milk nutrient content: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bilgiç Fatma Şule , Bozkurt Gülçin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe composition and amount of breast milk is affected by factors such as the duration and frequency of breastfeeding, the time between two breastfeeding sessions, the effectiveness of breastfeeding, breastfeeding technique, genetic characteristics of the mother and diet. Breast milk macronutrients are provided by milk synthesized in lactocytes, mother's diet and maternal stores.Research AimThis study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the body composition of mothers and the anthropometric characteristics of the baby and the nutritional content of breast milk.MethodThe descriptive study was conducted between March and November 2023 in a hospital in a low socioeconomic neighbourhood in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 96 mothers and ibabies. Anthropometric measurements of mothers and babies and the nutrient content of breast milk were evaluated on the first postpartum day, Days 5 and 15. Breast milk macronutrient content was analyzed by Miris milk analyzer and body composition of mothers was analyzed by TANITA BC 730.ResultsFrom the weight and body composition of the mothers in the study group; a positive correlation was found between body fat, muscle and water ratio, and breast milk carnonhydrate and protein (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the gestational age of the baby and the content of breast milk (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the weight and height of the babies and the macronutrients of breast milk (p < 0.05).ConclusionAs the weight of mothers increases, breast milk protein and carbohydrate levels increase. As breast milk macronutrients increase, babies' weight and height increase.
What do medical students think of own participation as subjects in clinical trials?
Authors: Sič Aleksandar , Gazibara Tatjana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRationale and AimTesting of new drugs through clinical trials is essential in efforts to increase generalizable knowledge. Little is known about the medical students' perception of their participation as research subjects in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to examine the willingness and attitudes of medical students towards participation as volunteer subjects in clinical trials.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 297 medical students in years 4, 5 and 6 at the University of Belgrade, from October to December 2023. Participants completed a pen‐and‐paper questionnaire including demographic characteristics, opinions on their participation in clinical trials, and attitudes towards clinical trials in general. The validity of the attitude scale was verified.ResultsOne in five medical students expressed a positive opinion about their participation in clinical trials, with the majority (about one‐half) remaining undecided. General attitudes of students about research and their participation were positive. Students with prior blood donation experience were more willing to participate. Lower socioeconomic status and volunteering experience were also associated with stronger positive attitudes towards clinical trials in general.ConclusionMost students were undecided about their participation, but their attitudes towards clinical trials in general were positive. Positive attitudes towards clinical trials did not uniformly translate to the willingness for personal participation. Promotion of blood donation and volunteering at universities could help to increase the interest in clinical trials as volunteer subjects.
Hepatitis B surface antigen loss in chronic hepatitis B patients with low‐viral‐load
Authors: Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Batsaikhan Batbold , Chen Yo‐Chia , Dai Chia‐Yen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimAmong low viral load (DNA of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was < 2000 IU/mL), the factor of the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) remained elusive.MethodsThe retrospective study recruited patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who were negative low for hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg), had a low viral load, and experienced HBsAg loss during follow‐up. CHB patients with low‐viral load but without consequent HBsAg loss were also enrolled at the ratio of 1:4. The factors contributing to HBsAg loss were analyzed.ResultsA total of 80 patients were recruited for the current study, with a mean age of 63.9 years and 61.3% being male. Among them, 62.5% patients (50/80) were treated with potent nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) during the follow‐up period. Additionally, 12.5% patients (10/80) had a prior history of NAs treatment before enrolment. During the follow‐up, HBsAg loss occurred in 17 patients (21.3%). Compared with patients without HBsAg loss, those with HBsAg loss were younger (57.9 years vs 65.5 years; P = 0.01), had lower HBV DNA levels (1.3 log10 IU/mL vs 2.3 log10 IU/mL; P = 0.003), and higher proportion of prior NAs‐treated history. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors associated with factors associated with HBsAg loss were age < 60 years (OR/CI: 3.95/1.15–13.60, P = 0.03), prior NAs‐treated history (OR/CI: 7.59/1.42–40.51, P = 0.01) and current NAs‐treated (OR/CI: 0.19/0.05–0.71, P = 0.01).ConclusionsIn the study, older age and prior NAs were positively associated with HBsAg loss, and current NAs was negatively associated with HBsAg loss. Additionally, some patients experienced HBsAg loss during the NAs therapy.
Unveiling rural and Appalachian disparities in cigarette smoking through the social vulnerability index and other county‐level characteristics
Authors: Pilehvari Asal , Krukowski Rebecca A. , You Wen , Wiseman Kara P. , Wester Abigail G. , Cohn Wendy F. , Anderson Roger T. , Little Melissa A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeMitigating tobacco‐related disparities in the Appalachian region and rural areas is crucial. This study seeks to gauge cigarette smoking prevalence in Virginia counties, uncover rurality and Appalachian‐linked disparities, and explore local drivers of these gaps.MethodA 2011‐2019 Virginia BRFSS data were used to estimate county‐level cigarette smoking rates in adults aged 18 or older. Counties were categorized as urban/rural and Appalachian/non‐Appalachian, with a focus on rural‐Appalachian. Disparities in cigarette smoking rates and associated factors were analyzed via the Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition method. The study assessed 4 dimensions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's social vulnerability index (SVI): socioeconomic, minority status, household composition, and housing. Additionally, county‐specific factors such as tobacco agriculture, physician availability, coal mining, and tobacco retailer density were examined.FindingsRural areas exhibited a 6.18% higher cigarette smoking prevalence compared to urban areas (P<.001). SVI dimensions accounted for 53.2% of the disparity, county features explained 16.4%, and 30.4% remained unexplained. Appalachian areas had a 6.79% higher cigarette smoking prevalence than non‐Appalachian areas (P<.001). SVI dimensions explained 51.4% of the disparity, county features accounted for 21.8%, leaving 26.8% unexplained. Rural‐Appalachian areas showed a 7.8% higher cigarette smoking prevalence (P<.001). SVI dimensions contributed to 51.7% of the disparity, county features explained 9.6%, and 38.7% remained unexplained.ConclusionsSubstantial disparities in cigarette smoking prevalence exist in underserved areas of Virginia, including rural, Appalachian, and rural‐Appalachian regions. While SVI dimensions, physician availability, tobacco agriculture, and coal mining contribute, yet notable gaps remain unexplained. Targeted interventions must tackle unique challenges in disadvantaged areas to reduce smoking and promote health equity.
A spatial analysis of NATO burden sharing at the operational levels
Authors: George Justin , Sandler Todd 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe paper applies connectivity measures—membership status, contiguity, inverse distance, and power projection—to investigate North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) defense burden sharing at the operational or (defense spending) categorical levels (i.e., personnel, infrastructure, equipment, and operations and maintenance [O&M]) during the post‐Cold War era, 1991–2022. Alternative spatial weights, assigned to allies' operational‐based spillovers, indicate diverse free‐riding responses with the greatest free riding characterizing equipment, followed by O&M and then personnel outlays. Infrastructure spending, which does not permit much substitution among allies, is understandably characterized by the least inter‐ally free riding. After the Wales Summit and Russia's invasion of Crimea in 2014, there are marked changes to NATO free riding at the operational levels, with equipment spending displaying reduced free riding. Generally, there is little evidence of a positive reaction to increased Russian military expenditures; however, there is some enhanced operational spending by NATO allies nearest to Russia after 2014. Also, we estimate simultaneous spatial autoregressive models to gauge inter‐operational spending responses to the four kinds of spillovers, where we find interesting inter‐operational substitutions and complementarities.
Climate correlates of bluetongue incidence in southern Portugal
Authors: Mestre Frederico , Pereira Ana Luísa , Araújo Miguel B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModel forecasts of the spatiotemporal occurrence dynamics of diseases are necessary and can help understand and thus manage future disease outbreaks. In our study, we used ecological niche modelling to assess the impact of climate on the vector suitability for bluetongue disease, a disease affecting livestock production with important economic consequences. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between the occurrence of bluetongue outbreaks and the environmental suitability of each of the four vector species studied. We found that the main vector for bluetongue disease, Culicoides imicola, a typically tropical and subtropical species, was a strong predictor for disease outbreak occurrence in a region of southern Portugal from 2004 to 2021. The results highlight the importance of understanding the climatic factors that might influence vector presence to help manage infectious disease impacts. When diseases impact economically relevant species, the impacts go beyond mortality and have important economic consequences.
Understanding person‐centered care within a complex social context: A qualitative study of Saudi Arabian acute care nursing
Authors: Alamrani Mashael Hasan , Birnbaum Shira 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolicy reforms implemented in Saudi Arabia in recent years aim to modernize the culture and infrastructure of healthcare delivery and are expected to integrate person‐ and patient‐centered care principles throughout the national healthcare system. However, in a complex multicultural environment where most nurses are international migrant workers, unique challenges emerge that frame the delivery of care. Better understanding is needed about what nurses perceive to be high‐quality, person‐centered care in Saudi Arabia and how they manage to enact it in practice. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, the capital city. Participants included Saudi citizens (n = 9) and expatriates (n = 12) who were asked to describe their perceptions of quality nursing care and explain the obstacles that they encounter in providing such care. Nurses reported extensive efforts to achieve individualized, empathetic, developmentally appropriate care. Their descriptions of care aligned with principles of patient‐centeredness in care but were not separable from challenges at the patient, organizational, and regional levels, including staffing and supplies shortages, gaps in regional care coordination, inadequate language translation services, variability in cultural beliefs about healthcare communication, and overt discrimination against expatriate workers. Nurses reported creative strategies to achieve professional nursing values while navigating a dynamic landscape of constraints. The findings add to literature suggesting that person‐centeredness in care cannot be understood outside the social and organizational conditions that shape it.
Risk factors for tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy due to atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yasumoto Koji , Egami Yasuyuki , Nohara Hiroaki , Kawanami Shodai , Sugae Hiroki , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Nakamura Hitoshi , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is a reversible cardiomyopathy with ventricular dysfunction caused by tachyarrhythmias. Notably, atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common causal arrhythmia leading to TIC. However, the risk factors for the development of TIC due to AF remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the associated factors of TIC due to AF.MethodsPersistent AF patients with heart rate (HR) ≥100 beats per minute who underwent initial catheter ablation were enrolled in this study. TIC was diagnosed as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% during AF rhythm, which was recovered after the restoration of sinus rhythm. Non‐TIC was defined as LVEF ≥ 50% despite AF rhythm. The patient backgrounds were compared between the TIC group and the non‐TIC group to reveal the contributing factors of TIC.ResultsThe TIC group comprised 57 patients, while the non‐TIC group consisted of 101 patients. The TIC group was younger than the non‐TIC group (median 64 vs. 70, p = 0.006). Male sex was more frequent in the TIC group than the non‐TIC group (82.5% vs. 58.4%, p = 0.003). HR was higher in the TIC group than in the non‐TIC group (median 130 bpm vs. 111 bpm, p < 0.001). The number of smokers was significantly higher in the TIC group than in the non‐TIC group (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that higher HR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–2.21; p < 0.001) and current smokers (OR: 5.27; 95% CI: 1.60–17.4; p = 0.006) were the independent factors leading to TIC.ConclusionHigher HR and current smokers were independent risk factors for the development of TIC due to AF.
The response of mesophyll conductance to short‐term CO2 variation is related to stomatal conductance
Authors: Wang Xuming , Ma Wei Ting , Sun Yan Ran , Xu Yi Ning , Li Lei , Miao Guofang , Tcherkez Guillaume , Gong Xiao Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe response of mesophyll conductance (gm) to CO2 plays a key role in photosynthesis and ecosystem carbon cycles under climate change. Despite numerous studies, there is still debate about how gm responds to short‐term CO2 variations. Here we used multiple methods and looked at the relationship between stomatal conductance to CO2 (gsc) and gm to address this aspect. We measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and online carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) at different CO2 mole fractions in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. The variable J and Δ based methods showed that gm decreased with an increase in CO2 mole fraction, and so did stomatal conductance. There were linear relationships between gm and gsc across CO2 mole fractions. gm obtained from A‐Ci curve fitting method was higher than that from the variable J method and was not representative of gm under the growth CO2 concentration. gm could be estimated by empirical models analogous to the Ball‐Berry model and the USO model for stomatal conductance. Our results suggest that gm and gsc respond in a coordinated manner to short‐term variations in CO2, providing new insight into the role of gm in photosynthesis modelling.
Malpresentation and autism spectrum disorder in the study to explore early development
Authors: Zhang Yitian , Delahanty Michelle T. , Engel Stephanie M. , Marshall Stephen , O'Shea T. Michael , Garcia Tanya , Schieve Laura A. , Bradley Chyrise , Daniels Julie L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn infant's presentation at delivery may be an early indicator of developmental differences. Non‐vertex presentation (malpresentation) complicates delivery and often leads to caesarean section, which has been associated with neurodevelopmental delays, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, malpresentation could be an early sign of an existing developmental problem that is also an upstream factor from caesarean delivery. Little research has been done to investigate the association between malpresentation and ASD.ObjectivesWe examine the association between malpresentation at delivery and ASD and whether this association differs by gestational age.MethodsWe used data from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multi‐site, case–control study of children with ASD compared to population controls. The foetal presentation was determined using medical records, birth records and maternal interviews. We defined malpresentation as a non‐vertex presentation at delivery, then further categorised into breech and other malpresentation. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for the association between malpresentation and ASD.ResultsWe included 4047 SEED participants, 1873 children with ASD and 2174 controls. At delivery, most infants presented vertex (n = 3760, 92.9%). Malpresentation was associated with higher odds of ASD (aOR 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 1.68) after adjustment for maternal age, poverty level, hypertensive disorder and smoking. The association was similar for breech and other types of malpresentation (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 0.97, 1.70 and aOR 1.40, 95% CI 0.87, 2.26, respectively) and did not differ markedly by gestational age.ConclusionsMalpresentation at delivery was modestly associated with ASD. Early monitoring of the neurodevelopment of children born with malpresentation could identify children with ASD sooner and enhance opportunities to provide support to optimise developmental outcomes.
Well‐posedness of the Green–Naghdi model for an uneven bottom in presence of the Coriolis effect and surface tension
Authors: Berjawi Marwa , El Arwadi Toufic , Israwi Samer , Talhouk Raafat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe objective of this work is to derive and analyze a Green–Naghdi model with Coriolis effect and surface tension in nonflat bottom geometry. Gui et al. derive a Green–Naghdi‐type model in flat bottom geometry under the gravity and Coriolis effect. Chen et al. proved the existence and uniqueness of solution in Sobolev space under a condition depending on the initial velocity and the Coriolis effect. In this paper, we provide a rigorous derivation of Green–Naghdi model under the influence of the two mentioned effects, with nonflat bottom. After that, the existence and construction of solutions for the derived model will be proved under two alternative conditions: the first one is the same condition as in Chen et al. and Berjawi et al. and the second one concerns only the Coriolis coefficient that supposed to be only of order . This existence and uniqueness result ameliorate the result of Chen et al. and Berjawi et al. in the sense that no condition on the velocity is needed. We also prove the continuity of the associated flow map.
Investigation of Fluidelastic Instability in Parallel Triangular Tube Arrays Subjected to Air Flow
Authors: Elhelaly Amro , Hassan Marwan , Weaver David , Riznic Jovica , Moussa Soha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
One of the major considerations in the design and operation of heat exchangers is the flow-induced vibration (FIV). While there are multiple FIV excitation mechanisms, fluidelastic instability (FEI) is by far the most crucial mechanism as it can significantly compromise the structural integrity of the tube arrays. Traditionally, it was assumed that FEI could only happen in the transverse direction. However, recent tube failures in replacement steam generators have demonstrated that FEI can occur in the streamwise direction and be equally devastating. This new phenomenon has sparked intensive research to uncover its nature. An intensive experimental research program was launched to investigate the geometrical impact of various tube array types on the FEI in both the transverse and streamwise directions. To that end, the stability of a single flexible tube and multiple flexible tubes in tube arrays was tested. The study will focus on the stability behavior of parallel triangular arrays at pitch ratios in the range of 1.25–1.70. A comparison between the available experimental data and the current results was presented. The current results reveal that the stability threshold is sensitive to the pitch-to-diameter ratio of the array and the number of flexible tubes, especially in the streamwise direction.
Engineering of a TetR family transcriptional regulator BkdR enhances heterologous spinosad production in
Streptomyces albus
B4 chassis
Authors: Wang Wenzong , Tang Hao , Cui Xingjun , Wei Wenping , Wu Jing , Ye Bang-Ce 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Precursor supply plays a significant role in the production of secondary metabolites. In
Streptomyces
bacteria, propionyl-, malonyl-, and methylmalonyl-CoA are the most common precursors used for polyketide biosynthesis. Although propionyl-CoA synthetases participate in the propionate assimilation pathway and directly convert propionate into propionyl-CoA, malonyl- and methylmalonyl-CoA cannot be formed using common acyl-CoA synthetases. Therefore, both acetyl- and propionyl-CoA carboxylation, catalyzed by acyl-CoA carboxylases, should be considered when engineering a microorganism chassis to increase polyketide production. In this study, we identified a transcriptional regulator of the TetR family, BkdR, in
Streptomyces albus
B4, which binds directly to the promoter region of the neighboring
pccAB
operon. This operon encodes acetyl/propionyl-CoA carboxylase and negatively regulates its transcription. In addition to acetate and propionate, the binding of BkdR to
pccAB
is disrupted by acetyl- and propionyl-CoA ligands. We identified a 16-nucleotide palindromic BkdR-binding motif (GTTAg/CGGTCg/TTAAC) in the intergenic region between
pccAB
and
bkdR
. When
bkdR
was deleted, we found an enhanced supply of malonyl- and methylmalonyl-CoA precursors in
S. albus
B4. In this study, spinosad production was detected in the recombinant strain after introducing the entire artificial biosynthesized gene cluster into
S. albus
B4. When supplemented with propionate to provide propionyl-CoA, the novel
bkdR
-deleted strain produced 29.4% more spinosad than the initial strain in trypticase soy broth (TSB) medium.

IMPORTANCE

In this study, we describe a
pccAB
operon involved in short-chain acyl-CoA carboxylation in
S. albus
B4 chassis. The TetR family regulator, BkdR, represses this operon. Our results show that BkdR regulates the precursor supply needed for heterologous spinosad biosynthesis by controlling acetyl- and propionyl-CoA assimilation. The deletion of the BkdR-encoding gene exerts an increase in heterologous spinosad yield. Our research reveals a regulatory mechanism in short-chain acyl-CoA metabolism and suggests new possibilities for
S. albus
chassis engineering to enhance heterologous polyketide yield.