bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chemical Composition on the Deformability of Shape‐Memory Epoxies
Authors: Feldkamp Diane M. , Rousseau Ingrid A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNewly developed shape memory (SM) epoxies are unveiled with an improved deformability range, high strength with intrinsically good thermal and chemical stability, high thermal transition (i.e., SM transformation temperature), and qualitatively excellent SM characteristics, thereby providing a synthetic route for adding attractive properties to commonly used industrial and commodity resins. The impact of chemical composition on the failure strains of these SM epoxies is shown and the resulting SM behavior is discussed.magnified image
Development and Long‐Term In Vivo Evaluation of a Biodegradable Urethane‐Doped Polyester Elastomer
Authors: Dey Jagannath , Tran Richard T. , Shen Jinhui , Tang Liping , Yang Jian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA detailed report on the development of CUPE polymers synthesized using diols with 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 methylene units is presented with the aim of elucidating the influence of the diol component on the physical properties of the resulting material and assessing their long‐term biological performance in vivo. Increasing the diol length leads to lower crosslinking densities, higher hydrophobicities, higher tensile strengths and elasticities, and slower polymer degradation. The choice of diol does not affect the overall cell/tissue compatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The diol component is thus established as an important parameter in controlling the structure/property relationships of the polymers, thereby increasing the choice of biodegradable elastomers for tissue engineering applications.magnified image
Some fully nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems with ellipsoidal free boundaries
Authors: Enache Cristian , Sakaguchi Shigeru 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper we study some overdetermined boundary value problems for three classes of fully nonlinear elliptic equations. In each case we prove that the solution exists if and only if the underlying domain is the interior of an ellipsoid (or ellipse in two dimensions). The proofs make use of the uniqueness theorem, maximum principles or some geometric arguments involving the curvatures of the free boundary. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
On models of irreducible p,q‐representations of gl(2) and p,q‐Mellin integral transformation
Authors: Sahai Vivek , Yadav Sarasvati 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe construct new two variable models of the irreducible p, q‐representations of the four dimensional complex Lie algebra gl(2). These models are formed in terms of p, q ‐derivative operator and dilation operators. The p, q‐Mellin integral transformation is defined and is used to transform these models in the form of p, q‐difference dilation models. All the models culminate in many special function identities and recurrence relations. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
On the Similarities of Some Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis Methods
Authors: Geldermann Jutta , Schöbel Anita 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTSince multiple criteria characterise many practical decision problems, the research field of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is flourishing. This paper compares the multi‐attribute decision making (MADM) methods, simple additive rating (SAR), simple additive weighting (SAW) as well as the outranking approach PROMETHEE and explains their similarities. We present a case study on industrial paint application and provide theoretical evidence that PROMETHEE can mimic other MADM algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
General Further Discarding Tests in Geometric Branch‐and‐Bound Methods for Non‐Convex Multicriteria Optimization Problems
Authors: Scholz Daniel 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTUsing a geometric branch‐and‐bound technique, my goal in this paper is to compute a sharp outer approximation of all Pareto‐optimal solutions in multicriteria optimization problems. To this end, I propose some general further discarding tests that are based on the Fritz John necessary conditions for Pareto optimality.The branch‐and‐bound solution method as well as the general further discarding tests leads to a very useful tool especially for multicriteria facility location problems. Therefore, my suggested approach is demonstrated on some multicriteria facility location problems with excellent numerical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bile aspiration cytology in diagnosis of bile duct carcinoma: factors associated with positive yields
Authors: Abdelghani Yasser A. , Arisaka Yoshifumi , Masuda Daisuke , Takii Michiaki , Ashida Reiko , Makhlouf Madeha M. , Fouad Yasser M. , Tsuji Motomu , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground/PurposeIn bile duct carcinoma (BDC) patients, bile aspiration cytology (BAC) is an established method for cytodiagnosis. However, almost all previous reports investigated the biliary strictures caused not only by BDC but also by gallbladder and pancreatic carcinomas. Therefore, BAC in BDC patients only has not yet been investigated sufficiently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the actual sensitivity of BAC and to evaluate the factors that affect positive yields of BAC in patients with defined BDC.MethodsData on 47 consecutive patients with definite BDC, who underwent BAC via endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD), were retrospectively collected. Fourteen factors were studied for association with positive BAC.ResultsThe number of cytological samplings ranged from 1 to 14 times. The cumulative diagnostic yield was 72.3% (34/47), and 32 positive results were obtained at a maximum of six samplings. Independent factors associated with positive BAC were perihilar location, stricture length ≥2 cm, and macroscopic papillary type.ConclusionIn BDC patients with ENBD or PTCD, repeated BAC is useful, and six times was the optimum number of repeat samplings. Although the sensitivity of BAC is not sufficient for the preoperative diagnosis of malignant biliary stricture, the three independent factors noted above predict positive yields and indicate whether or not BAC should be repeated up to six times.
Responses of Trachelospermum asiaticum (Apocynaceae) seedlings to growth in a light intensity gradient
Authors: Kato Shogo , Yamamoto Takashi , Kawakubo Nobumitsu , Komiyama Akira 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe recorded the growth of 24 seedlings of Trachelospermum asiaticum, a root climber, placed between a light source and a wall. Shoot length of seedlings planted at the brightest points nearly matched the distance the shoot tips moved toward the wall surface. In contrast, although the seedlings planted at the darkest points did elongate, the tips moved an average distance of only 0.4 cm. Creeping shoots of T. asiaticum planted in brighter environments exhibit negative phototropism, which encourages them to grow rapidly toward dark places, allowing them to reach supporting hosts faster than those that germinate close to the host.
Selfsimilar expanders of the harmonic map flow
Authors: Germain Pierre , Rupflin Melanie 
Published: July 2011

We study the existence, uniqueness, and stability of self-similar expanders of the harmonic map heat flow in equivariant settings. We show that there exist selfsimilar solutions to any admissible initial data and that their uniqueness and stability properties are essentially determined by the energy-minimising properties of the so-called equator maps.

Résumé
On étudie lʼexistence, lʼunicité et la stabilité de solutions auto-similaires issues dʼune singularité, pour le flot gradient des applications harmoniques, dans le cadre équivariant. On montre lʼexistence de telles solutions auto-similaires, et comment leurs propriétés dʼunicité et de stabilité sont étroitement reliées à la minimisation ou non de lʼénergie de Dirichlet par lʼapplication équateur.
THE DARKER SIDE OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: THE POWER DYNAMICS BEHIND RWANDA'SGACACACOURTS
Authors: Thomson Susan 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I argue that the praise of legal and political analysts who perceive Rwanda'sgacacacourts as a model of locally grounded and culturally relevant transitional justice is unfounded without consideration of the broader power dynamics in which justice is delivered. Drawing on life history interviews with 37 Rwandan peasants resident in the south-west of the country, I argue that the claims of the Rwandan government that itsgacacacourts are promoting peace and reconciliation must also assess the impact of local justice mechanisms on those subject to its demands, namely ordinary people. In the case of Rwanda'sgacacacourts, local-level analysis illuminates a darker and largely unexamined aspect of transitional justice – the playing out of local power dynamics and the social and political inequalities masked by the pursuit of justice and reconciliation. My study cautions against a wholesale endorsement of thegacacacourts as an effective and legitimate form of transitional justice. Instead, it is a mechanism of state power than works to reinforce the political power of the ruling RPF and to ply international audiences with the idea that Rwanda is ‘a nation rehabilitated’ from ‘the scourge of genocide’.
THE BRANDED ARENA: UGANDAN ‘TRADITIONAL’ DANCE IN THE MARKETING ERA
Authors: Pier David 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTBrand marketing in its latest global advances offers ideologies of public participation and the audience–‘provider’ relationship that many in the developing world are finding compelling, even when consumer capitalism fails to produce its promised rewards immediately. Strategies of ‘branding’ are being explored in combination with older performance strategies, with new syncretic branded arenas emerging as a result. In Africa, music and dance have always been important for establishing certain arenas and mediating transactions within them. In the era of post-independence nationalism, ‘traditional’ dances were itemized and made more disciplined and spectacular to give new states an aura of inclusiveness, rigour and historical depth. As the image of a powerful African state declines, these same dance traditions are being hitched to commercial brands, and to the globalized consumerist/entreprenurial dream. This article considers the Senator National Cultural Extravaganza, an annual traditional music-and-dance competition sponsored by East Africa Breweries Ltd, which requires participants to compose ‘local’ songs and dances in praise of Senator Extra Lager. It focuses on the spatial and temporal architectures of events and the way these channel, and are complicated by, the energies and significances of dance. The ‘textbook’ brand–consumer relationship does not, it is argued, survive wholly intact.
Stochastic simulation of the cost of home-produced feeds for ruminant livestock systems
Authors: FINNERAN E. , CROSSON P. , O'KIELY P. , SHALLOO L. , FORRISTAL D. , WALLACE M. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYAn agro-economic simulation model was developed to facilitate comparison of the impact of management, market and biological factors on the cost of providing ruminant livestock with feed grown on the farm (home produced feed). Unpredictable year-to-year variation in crop yields and input prices were identified as quantifiable measures of risk affecting feed cost. Stochastic analysis was used to study the impact of yield and input price risk on the variability of feed cost for eight feeds grown in Ireland over a 10-year period. Intensively grazed perennial ryegrass was found to be the lowest cost feed in the current analysis (mean cost €74/1000 Unité Fourragère Viande (UFV)). Yield risk was identified as the greatest single factor affecting feed cost variability. At mean prices and yields, purchased rolled barley was found to be 3% less costly than home-produced spring-sown barley. However, home-produced spring barley was marginally less risky than purchased barley (coefficient of variation (CV) 0·063 v. 0·064). Feed crops incurring the greatest proportion of fixed costs and area-dependent variable costs, including bunker grass silage, were the most sensitive to yield fluctuations. The most energy input-intensive feed crops, such as grass silage, both baled and bunker ensiled, were deemed most susceptible to input price fluctuations. Maize silage was the most risky feed crop (CV 0·195), with potential to be both the cheapest and the most expensive conserved feed.
The community associated with biogenic reefs formed by the polychaete, Serpula vermicularis
Authors: Chapman Nicola D. , Moore Colin G. , Harries Dan B. , Lyndon Alastair. R. 
Published: July 2011

The study aims to provide the first detailed account of the diversity and composition of the community associated with biogenic reefs formed by serpulid worms. Ten reefs (aggregations of calcareous Serpula vermicularis tubes), spanning a broad size-range, were collected from Loch Creran, Scotland, a Special Area of Conservation designated principally for the protection of its biogenic reefs. Total faunal abundance was strongly linearly related to reef weight, whilst taxon richness exhibited a hyperbolic relationship with reef size. 278 taxa were recorded from the ten reefs, with a reef of 0.1 m2 area supporting 163 taxa and 12756 individuals, which appears to represent considerable augmentation of diversity and abundance for sedimentary areas of the loch where the reefs occur. The reef assemblage was dominated by polychaetes (94 taxa), molluscs (70 taxa) and crustaceans (45 taxa). Species composition varied with reef size, although reefs greater than 25 cm width exhibited relatively little variation. In comparison with other biogenic polychaete habitats, S. vermicularis reefs appear to support a highly diverse community, which exhibits a high degree of similarity with that found in association with aggregations of the horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus. The presence of the Connemara clingfish, Lepadogaster candollei, rarely recorded at such a northerly latitude, on several reefs, indicates that the reef habitat may provide a stronghold for this species at the edge of its biogeographical range.
‘Pliocardia' krylovata, a new species of vesicomyid clam from cold seeps along the Costa Rica Margin
Authors: Martin Alanna M. , Goffredi Shana K. 
Published: July 2011

‘Pliocardia' krylovata, sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) is described from cold seeps off the coast of the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica (700–1000 m depth). The phylogenetic position of‘P.' krylovatawas assessed by both morphological comparisons as well as nucleotide data from the cytochrome c oxidase I gene. Within the vesicomyids,‘P.' krylovatabelongs to the Pliocardiinae and its closest relative is‘Calyptogena' ponderosa, which also bears some morphological resemblance to the genusPliocardia, perhaps suggesting a need for reanalysis of not only its generic designation, but also the entire Pliocardiinae subfamily.‘P.' krylovatahas morphological similarities to‘Pliocardia' bowdenianaand‘Vesicomya' crenulomarginata, recently reassigned to the genusPliocardia, including a thick shell, obvious rostrum, pointed posterior end, and a sculptured shell with concentric ribs on the outer surface, to name a few. It is morphologically distinguished, however, by having a complex pallial sinus and remarkably deep escutcheon.
Vessel traffic affects bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) behaviour in waters surrounding Lampedusa Island, south Italy
Authors: Papale Elena , Azzolin Marta , Giacoma Cristina 
Published: July 2011

Since 2003, as part of the LIFE project ‘Del.Ta.’ (NAT/IT/000163) a bottlenose dolphin community has been studied in order to assess the impact of increasing boat traffic in the Pelagie Archipelago (Sicily, Italy). During the summer of 2006 and 2008, land-based surveys were carried out at Lampedusa, one of the Archipelago's Islands, at set hours from 6 locations (7 in 2008) in standard weather conditions. Continuous horizon scanning and focal group sampling methods were used to study dolphin presence and behaviour. Dolphin–boat interactions were recorded for each sighting. A total of approximately 559 hours were spent monitoring and 83 sightings were recorded. With regard to the different types of vessels, interaction with sailing boats was always neutral, whereas fast boats caused the interruption of all activities and avoidance behaviour. Positive interaction occasionally occurred with bottom trawling fishing boats. Interactions recorded when fishing and powered engine boats approached within 200 m predominantly resulted in a negative reaction from the dolphins (approximately 70%) and dolphin behaviour was affected in terms of occurrence and patterns. Behavioural analysis showed that the animals reduced the frequency of behaviours related to feeding, social and relaxing activities. The dolphins also increased information-gathering behaviour such as spyhopping. The use of Markovian chain models revealed evidence of disruptions in sub-sequences made up of behaviours often associated with feeding. After boat departures, the animals rarely restarted their previous activity and persistence of this effect could have long-term consequences as a result of non-habituation. Sighting duration also decreased in the presence of vessels. The possible negative long-term effect of the presence of boats may be indicated by the lower mean sighting duration in 2008, when the highest presence of powered engine boats was recorded. In view of the scenario outlined above, local authorities need to enforce the requirement of maintaining a distance of over 200 m away from the animals for all types of boat and also promote regular land-based surveys of vessel impacts for tourist boats and dolphin watching cruises.
Martin Luther's Political Interpretation of the Song of Songs
Authors: Carty Jarrett A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMartin Luther argued that the Hebrew Bible's Song of Songs was “an encomium of the political order,” a praise and thanksgiving to God for the gift of temporal government. Luther's political interpretation of this book was unique in his age, and remains so in the history of biblical commentary. This paper offers an account of Luther's peculiar interpretation, as well as its place in his interpretation of the Bible and in the history of biblical commentary, by arguing that it exhibits the foundational idea of his political thought that secular authority is a precious gift from God, and that the Song of Songs, as a praise of conjugal love, provides for political authority a fitting biblical encomium.
A minimum income for healthy living (MIHL) – older New Zealanders
Authors: O'SULLIVAN JESSICA , ASHTON TONI 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTGovernments around the developed world are seeking to meet the challenges of the ageing population through strategies which promote a holistic approach to ageing, captured in catch-phrases such as ‘successful’, ‘active’, ‘positive’ and ‘healthy’ ageing. These strategies are supported by a growing body of research, with a particular emphasis on the prerequisites for health and quality of life. Drawing on that research, and using a methodology developed by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the ‘Minimum Income for Healthy Living (MIHL): Older New Zealanders’ study used a health lens to investigate the retirement income needs of older New Zealanders living independently in the community. The MIHL was estimated for people living alone, couples, renters and debt-free home owners. In each case, the MIHL estimates were appreciably higher than the universal state pension paid to older New Zealanders. People living alone and those renting their homes were shown to be worse off than couples and debt-free home owners, respectively. The results highlight that many older New Zealanders are living on an income which may not be enough to support a healthy life. This has important implications for the demand for health, residential and social services and brings life to the question of what level of income might be needed in retirement.
There's no apprenticeship for Alzheimer's: the caring relationship when an older person experiencing dementia falls
Authors: MCINTYRE ANNE , REYNOLDS FRANCES 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTOlder people experiencing dementia are twice as likely to fall with consequences of serious injury, reduction in everyday activity, admission to long-term care and mortality. Carers of people with dementia are themselves at greater risk of physical and mental ill health, which increases as the dementia progresses. Unsurprisingly, carer burden also increases when a care-recipient falls. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of falling of community-living older people with dementia and their carers. A qualitative approach was taken using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nine older people with predominantly Alzheimer's disease and their ten carers were recruited from a large mental health National Health Service trust and participated in one-to-one and joint in-depth interviews. Three dyads participated in repeat interviews. Three focus groups were also carried out, with nine older people experiencing memory problems and 12 carers from a local Alzheimer's Society branch. The antecedents, falls events and consequences of falls were discussed. This paper reports specifically on the impact of falls on the caring relationship. Three themes emerged: ‘learning as you go’, ‘we're always together’, ‘nobody was interested’. The findings demonstrate how falling accentuates the impact of dementia on the dyad. Spouse-carers' discussion of their own falls emphasise the need for joint assessment of health and wellbeing to reduce carer burden and preserve the couplehood of the dyad.
Safe passage of goods and self during residential relocation in later life
Authors: EKERDT DAVID J. , LUBORSKY MARK , LYSACK CATHERINE 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTTechniques of possession research among older people tend to accentuate their prizing of things and their use of special dispositions to achieve the protection or ‘safe passage’ of things as they transfer to a new owner. Such efforts on behalf of possessions may also be undertaken to perpetuate the self. To study the care of things and self in a wider context, we examined older people's repertoire of disposition strategies during episodes of household relocation and downsizing. We analysed the narratives of persons in 75 households in the Midwestern United States of America. People indeed told stories about the safe passage of cherished possessions – their initiative to place things, appreciation by new owners, and attempts to project the values or memory of the giver. Such accounts of special placements, however, dotted rather than dominated recollections of the move. More commonly, large quantities of items were passed via non-specific offers of possessions to others who may volunteer to take them. This allowed people to nonetheless express satisfaction that their possessions had found appreciative owners. Even though our interviews did not disclose extensive attempts at self-transmission, whole-house downsizing may affirm the self in another way: as conscientious about the care of things. Such affirmation of the present self as accomplished and responsible can be seen as a positive adaptation to the narrowing life world.