bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The provision of fishery information by ICES–WGFTFB to assessment working groups: use of information and lessons learned
Authors: Rihan Dominic , Graham Norman , Reid Dave G. , Lordan Colm 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Rihan, D., Graham, N., Reid, D. G., and Lordan, C. 2011. The provision of fishery information by ICES–WGFTFB to assessment working groups: use of information and lessons learned. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1809–1814. ICES is now asked to provide advice that is more holistic in nature, including information on the influence and effects of human activities on the marine ecosystem. From a fishing-technology perspective, this includes information on how fishers respond and adapt to changes in regulatory frameworks, the impact of technology creep, ecosystem impacts, and changes in fleet dynamics. Recognizing the importance of this, in 2005, the ICES–Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Working Group on Fish Technology and Fish Behaviour (WGFTFB) began to collect data and information to support scientific advice on fisheries and ecosystem issues through a questionnaire circulated to its members. The information from the questionnaires was collated by the WGFTFB and submitted in the form of summary documents to various ICES assessment working groups. This paper describes the background to this initiative, the questionnaire structure, the type of information provided, and its utility.
The identification of risk factors for critically ill patients with acute fever and formulation of activation criteria to alert outpatient clinic doctors
Authors: Xiao Hongli , Qi Haiyu , Wang Jing , Li Xiaoli , Ma Suxia , Diao Zongli , Wang Yan , Sun Fangfang , Yin Chenghong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Acute fever is the most common early clinical symptom of many critical illnesses with a high mortality rate. It is necessary to identify patients with severe acute fever early and accurately. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for critically ill outpatients with acute fever and formulate activation criteria of adult fever state score (AFSS) to alert outpatient clinic doctors.Methods  Retrospectively, 357 adult patients with acute fever were divided into two groups: 180 patients with a severe state and 177 patients with a mild state. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for the severe state. Risk factors were weighted and an AFSS was formulated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of weighted cumulative scores was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of AFSS, and the kappa test was used to confirm diagnostic reliability. A χ2‐test for trend was applied to determine the relevance between AFSS and admission rate and in‐hospital mortality. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to examine the relationship between AFSS and length of stay.Results  Risk factors for state included: old age, long fever course, past medical history, abnormal temperature, abnormal respiratory rate, abnormal heart rate, abnormal mean arterial pressure and abnormal peripheral white blood cell count. The area under the ROC curve of AFSS was 0.964 and ≥8 points predicted severe state; the Kappa value was 0.801. With an increase in score, there was an increase in admission rate, mortality rate and length of stay. The forecast performance of AFSS was superior to the modified early warning score.Conclusions  The AFSS has high diagnostic accuracy and reliability for the early identification of patients with severe acute fever.
The genome sequence of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK‐01: a blueprint for anaerobic alkane oxidation
Authors: Callaghan A. V. , Morris B. E. L. , Pereira I. A. C. , McInerney M. J. , Austin R. N. , Groves J. T. , Kukor J. J. , Suflita J. M. , Young L. Y. , Zylstra G. J. , Wawrik B. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryDesulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK‐01 serves as a model organism for anaerobic alkane biodegradation because of its distinctive biochemistry and metabolic versatility. The D. alkenivorans genome provides a blueprint for understanding the genetic systems involved in alkane metabolism including substrate activation, CoA ligation, carbon‐skeleton rearrangement and decarboxylation. Genomic analysis suggested a route to regenerate the fumarate needed for alkane activation via methylmalonyl‐CoA and predicted the capability for syntrophic alkane metabolism, which was experimentally verified. Pathways involved in the oxidation of alkanes, alcohols, organic acids and n‐saturated fatty acids coupled to sulfate reduction and the ability to grow chemolithoautotrophically were predicted. A complement of genes for motility and oxygen detoxification suggests that D. alkenivorans may be physiologically adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The D. alkenivorans genome serves as a platform for further study of anaerobic, hydrocarbon‐oxidizing microorganisms and their roles in bioremediation, energy recovery and global carbon cycling.
Applying a 3D situational virtual learning environment to the real world business—an extended research in marketing
Authors: Wang Shwu‐huey 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn order to understand (1) what kind of students can be facilitated through the help of three‐dimensional virtual learning environment (3D VLE), and (2) the relationship between a conventional test (ie, paper and pencil test) and the 3D VLE used in this study, the study designs a 3D virtual supermarket (3DVS) to help students transform their role from passive learners to active participants. In the 3DVS, a virtual customer poses a total of 18 scenario‐based questions to the participants during the shopping process; the participants have to play a virtual clerk, and answer the questions by integrating marketing mix theory with the real‐world situation. The whole experiment includes a pretest, 3DVS training and a posttest. The instruments utilized in each of the pre‐ and posttest are four open‐ended questions aimed at understanding the participants' application performance. The findings of a chi‐square independence test show the following: (1) the 3D VLE is especially beneficial to those who have not adapted to traditional learning, and (2) there is no significant relationship between performance in 3DVS training and performance of the pretest. However, performance in 3DVS training is significantly correlated to that of the posttest.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic
Virtual reality (VR) technology is very noticeable in the recent decade.
A virtual learning environment (VLE) that is extended from VR technology has been widely applied to both practice and education.
VR technology has been verified to be helpful in different areas of education.
What this paper adds
The paper goes further to explore what kind of students could be most facilitated by the three‐dimensional (3D) VLE.
The paper also tries to find out the relationship between traditional instruction and a 3D VLE.
It is the first time that researchers used VR technology to enhance business students' learning.
Implications for practice and/or policy
The paper provides evidence that a 3D VLE is especially beneficial to those who are not adaptive to traditional instruction (eg, exam‐ or lecture‐based instruction).
The paper also concludes that after being trained by a 3D VLE, a student may very possible reach a better learning performance.
The results provide very important reference for instructors or designers to design a more proper 3D VLE to enhance learning in the future.
Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars using topical and intralesional mitomycin C
Authors: Seo S.‐H. , Sung H.‐W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Keloids develop due to the overgrowth of fibrous tissue. Currently, there is no gold standard treatment for keloids and hypertrophic scars (HTS). Their propensity for local invasion and recurrence has prompted many investigations on antineoplastic agents.Objectives  To investigate the efficacy of topical and intralesional mitomycin C for the treatment of keloids and HTS.Methods  Nine patients with clinically diagnosed keloids and HTS were treated using topical mitomycin C (1 mg/mL) for 3 min after shaving excision. The Vancouver Scars Scale, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects were checked after 6 months. The keloids and HTS were photographed at each monthly visit. Intralesional mitomycin C (1 mg/mL) was administered to study the effect on the regression of keloids in 2 patients.Results  Application of mitomycin C to the base of shave‐removed keloids and HTS showed good results. Six out of 9 patients were very satisfied with the outcome of treatment; none were disappointed. The results of intralesional mitomycin C treatment were disappointing. Both cases worsened, with increased ulceration after treatment.Conclusions  Topical application of mitomycin C following shaving excision was safe and effective for the treatment of keloids and HTS. However, intralesional mitomycin C therapy aggravated both lesions.
Memory processes and prefrontal network dysfunction in cryptogenic epilepsy
Authors: Vlooswijk Marielle C. G. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , Jeukens Cécile R. L. P. N. , Marian Majoie H. J. , Hofman Paul A. M. , de Krom Marc C. T. F. M. , Aldenkamp Albert P. , Backes Walter H. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryPurpose:  Impaired memory performance is the most frequently reported cognitive problem in patients with chronic epilepsy. To examine memory deficits many studies have focused on the role of the mesiotemporal lobe, mostly with hippocampal abnormalities. However, the role of the prefrontal brain remains unresolved. To investigate the neuronal correlates of working memory dysfunction in patients without structural lesions, a combined study of neurocognitive assessment, hippocampal and cerebral volumetry, and functional magnetic resonance imaging of temporal and frontal memory networks was performed.Methods:  Thirty‐six patients with cryptogenic localization‐related epilepsy and 21 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological assessment of intelligence (IQ) and memory. On T1‐weighted images obtained by 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), volumetry of the hippocampi and the cerebrum was performed. Functional MRI (fMRI) was performed with a novel picture encoding and Sternberg paradigm that activated different memory‐mediating brain regions. Functional connectivity analysis comprised cross‐correlation of signal time‐series of the most strongly activated regions involved in working memory function.Key Findings:  Patients with epilepsy displayed lower IQ values; impaired transient aspects of information processing, as indicated by lower scores on the digit‐symbol substitution test (DSST); and decreased short‐term memory performance relative to healthy controls, as measured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale subtests for working memory, and word and figure recognition. This could not be related to any hippocampal volume changes. No group differences were found regarding volumetry or fMRI–derived functional activation. In the Sternberg paradigm, a network involving the anterior cingulate and the middle and inferior frontal gyrus was activated. A reduced strength of four connections in this prefrontal network was associated with the DSST and word recognition performance in the patient group.Significance:  Deficits in the processes involved in transient working memory, and to a lesser extent in short‐term memory, in patients with localization‐related epilepsy of both temporal and extratemporal origin cannot be attributed to hippocampal atrophy or function only, but are also related to reduced functional connectivity in the prefrontal brain. Because patients with symptomatic lesions or mesiotemporal sclerosis were excluded from this study, the results cannot be explained by structural lesions. Therefore, the current findings highlight the influence of epilepsy on the prefrontal network integrity as a possible underlying problem of memory impairment.
Precision across the Analytical Measuring Range of a Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Cytomegalovirus Detection among Three Clinical Laboratories
Authors: Grys Thomas E. , Duquette Doreen L. , White Bruce , Irish Cole , Hata D. Jane , Pritt Bobbi S. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

This study measured the precision of a quantitative laboratory-developed real-time PCR test for cytomegalovirus performed at three different clinical laboratories that use the same methodology. The overall standard deviation (adjusted for analyte level) was 0.18 log
10
copies/ml, and there was no significant relationship between standard deviation and analytical measuring range.
Frequency of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Producing Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Strains in Patients with Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infection in Bronx, New York
Authors: Kaltsas Anna , Guh Alice , Mediavilla José R. , Varshney Avanish K. , Robiou Natalie , Gialanellia Philip , Henry Michael , Levi Michael H. , Fries Bettina C. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

lukF
-
PV
was present in 36% of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI)-derived methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
(MSSA) strains and comprised six distinct clones, which contained fewer enterotoxin genes than strains without
lukF
-
PV
. Clinical presentations and outcomes of
lukF
-
PV
+
methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) and MSSA SSTIs were comparable. In multivariable analysis, the presence of
lukF
-
PV
remained a significant predictor for incision and drainage among MSSA strains.
Crystal Structure of Zebrafish Interferons I and II Reveals Conservation of Type I Interferon Structure in Vertebrates
Authors: Hamming Ole Jensen , Lutfalla Georges , Levraud Jean-Pierre , Hartmann Rune 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
Interferons (IFNs) play a major role in orchestrating the innate immune response toward viruses in vertebrates, and their defining characteristic is their ability to induce an antiviral state in responsive cells. Interferons have been reported in a multitude of species, from bony fish to mammals. However, our current knowledge about the molecular function of fish IFNs as well as their evolutionary relationship to tetrapod IFNs is limited. Here we establish the three-dimensional (3D) structure of zebrafish IFNφ1 and IFNφ2 by crystallography. These high-resolution structures offer the first structural insight into fish cytokines. Tetrapods possess two types of IFNs that play an immediate antiviral role: type I IFNs (e.g., alpha interferon [IFN-α] and beta interferon [IFN-β]) and type III IFNs (lambda interferon [IFN-λ]), and each type is characterized by its specific receptor usage. Similarly, two groups of antiviral IFNs with distinct receptors exist in fish, including zebrafish. IFNφ1 and IFNφ2 represent group I and group II IFNs, respectively. Nevertheless, both structures reported here reveal a characteristic type I IFN architecture with a straight F helix, as opposed to the remaining class II cytokines, including IFN-λ, where helix F contains a characteristic bend. Phylogenetic trees derived from structure-guided multiple alignments confirmed that both groups of fish IFNs are evolutionarily closer to type I than to type III tetrapod IFNs. Thus, these fish IFNs belong to the type I IFN family. Our results also imply that a dual antiviral IFN system has arisen twice during vertebrate evolution.
Identification of the First Human Gyrovirus, a Virus Related to Chicken Anemia Virus
Authors: Sauvage Virginie , Cheval Justine , Foulongne Vincent , Gouilh Meriadeg Ar , Pariente Kevin , Manuguerra Jean Claude , Richardson Jennifer , Dereure Olivier , Lecuit Marc , Burguiere Ana , Caro Valérie , Eloit Marc 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

We have identified in a skin swab sample from a healthy donor a new virus that we have named human gyrovirus (HGyV) because of its similarity to the chicken anemia virus (CAV), the only previously known member of the
Gyrovirus
genus. In particular, this virus encodes a homolog of the CAV apoptin, a protein that selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells. By PCR screening, HGyV was found in 5 of 115 other nonlesional skin specimens but in 0 of 92 bronchoalveolar lavages or nasopharyngeal aspirates and in 0 of 92 fecal samples.
Factors influencing the inclusion of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Smith Kevin R 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate the views and practices of UK medical schools regarding the inclusion (or exclusion) of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in undergraduate medical curricula.DesignSurvey (by email) of UK medical schools offering MBBS (or equivalent) degrees.ResultsThe overall response rate was 58.1% (18/31). All respondents indicated that their curricula included CAM elements. However, the quantity of CAM within curricula varied widely between medical schools, as did the methods by which CAM education was delivered. General Medical Council requirements were the strongest factor influencing the inclusion of CAM, although medical student preferences were also important. Respondents were generally satisfied with the extent of CAM provision within their curricula, while a wide range of views on the appropriateness of CAM in the medical curriculum were held by faculty members.ConclusionsIt may be useful for the General Medical Council to clarify the extent to which CAM should be incorporated into the curriculum. Current CAM education appears to exist primarily as a means of educating future doctors on the modalities that their patients may use or request. However, some forms of pedagogy arguably risk students assimilating CAM advocacy in an uncritical fashion.
Economics of tobacco control in Pakistan: estimating elasticities of cigarette demand
Authors: Mushtaq Nasir , Mushtaq Saghir , Beebe Laura A 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundDespite ongoing global efforts for tobacco control, low-income countries with struggling economies have challenges to effectively implement tobacco policies and programs. Due to the complexity of the tobacco control issue and lack of comprehensive policies, tobacco use is increasing in Pakistan.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of taxes on tobacco demand in Pakistan.MethodsVarious surveillance indicators of tobacco use were assessed from 2001 to 2009. Price elasticities of cigarette demand in Pakistan were investigated.ResultsDuring 2003–2009, annual per capita cigarette consumption increased by 30%. Analysis of economic data indicated that a 10% increase in cigarette prices would lead to 4.8% decrease in cigarette consumption while controlling for per capita income in the short term. The long-term price elasticities of cigarette demand were estimated at −1.17. The estimations provided support for myopic addiction model for cigarette consumption in Pakistan.ConclusionsIncreasing tobacco taxes would have a significant impact on tobacco consumption in Pakistan. Cigarette consumption could decrease by 11.7% in the long term if there was a 10% increase in its price. The results of this study should benefit policymakers as it provides information on the characteristics of the cigarette consumption and cigarette demand function that may help in planning tobacco control strategies in low-income and middle-income countries.
Entrainment for Distinguishing Atypical Atrioventricular Node Reentrant Tachycardia From Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia Over Septal Accessory Pathways With Long-RP Tachycardia
Authors: Bennett Matthew T. , Leong-Sit Peter , Gula Lorne J. , Skanes Allan C. , Yee Raymond , Krahn Andrew D. , Hogg Ellaina C. , Klein George J. 
Published: June 2011

Background—
The response to right ventricular (RV) entrainment is useful to distinguish atypical AV node reentrant tachycardia from AV reentrant tachycardia using a septal accessory pathway. Whether entrainment can differentiate between AV node reentrant tachycardia and AV reentrant tachycardia in patients with long-RP tachycardia has not been systematically validated.

Methods and Results—
Twenty-four patients with concealed septal accessory pathways who had an electrophysiology study between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2010, were included (age, 38±17 years; men, 17). Entrainment was performed from the RV apex pacing at cycle length 20 to 40 ms shorter than tachycardia cycle length (TCL). The mean TCL was 390±80 ms, the mean AH interval during tachycardia was 151±57 ms, and the mean ventriculoatrial (VA) time was 182±103 ms. Twelve patients had typical accessory pathways (VA/TCL <40%), and 12 had slowly conducting accessory pathways (VA/TCL ≥40%). In all patients with typical accessory pathways, the postpacing interval minus the TCL (PPI−TCL) was <115 ms and the difference in the VA interval during pacing and tachycardia (StimA−VA) was <85 ms. On the other hand, in 6 of the 12 patients in the slowly conducting group, the PPI−TCL was >115 ms, and the StimA−VA was >85 ms.

Conclusions—
Slowly conducting accessory pathways frequently yield RV entrainment criteria traditionally attributable to AV node reentry. Distinguishing AV node reentry from AV reentry in patients with long-RP tachycardia requires other criteria.
Interpreting finite element results for brittle materials in endodontic restorations
Authors: Pérez-González Antonio , Iserte-Vilar José L , González-Lluch Carmen 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Background
Finite element simulation has been used in last years for analysing the biomechanical performance of post-core restorations in endodontics, but results of these simulations have been interpreted in most of the works using von Mises stress criterion. However, the validity of this failure criterion for brittle materials, which are present in these restorations, is questionable. The objective of the paper is to analyse how finite element results for brittle materials of endodontic restorations should be interpreted to obtain correct conclusions about the possible failure in the restoration.

Methods
Different failure criteria (Von Mises, Rankine, Coulomb-Mohr, Modified Mohr and Christensen) and material strength data (diametral tensile strength and flexural strength) were considered in the study. Three finite element models (FEM) were developed to simulate an endodontic restoration and two typical material tests: diametral tensile test and flexural test.

Results
Results showed that the Christensen criterion predicts similar results as the Von Mises criterion for ductile components, while it predicts similar results to all other criteria for brittle components. The different criteria predict different failure points for the diametral tensile test, all of them under multi-axial stress states. All criteria except Von Mises predict failure for flexural test at the same point of the specimen, with this point under uniaxial tensile stress.

Conclusions
From the results it is concluded that the Christensen criterion is recommended for FEM result interpretation in endodontic restorations and that the flexural test is recommended to estimate tensile strength instead of the diametral tensile test.
An XMRV Derived Retroviral Vector as a Tool for Gene Transfer
Authors: Cervantes-Garcia Daniel , Rojas-Martinez Augusto , Camerini David 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Retroviral vectors are widely used tools for gene delivery and gene therapy. They are useful for gene expression studies and genetic manipulation in vitro and in vivo. Many retroviral vectors are derived from the mouse gammaretrovirus, murine leukemia virus (MLV). These vectors have been widely used in gene therapy clinical trials. XMRV, initially found in prostate cancer tissue, was the first human gammaretrovirus described.

Findings
We developed a new retroviral vector based on XMRV called pXC. It was developed for gene transfer to human cells and is produced by transient cotransfection of LNCaP cells with pXC and XMRV-packaging plasmids.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that pXC mediates expression of inserted transgenes in cell lines. This new vector will be a useful tool for gene transfer in human and non-human cell lines, including gene therapy studies.