bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unstable Cerebral Hemodynamics in Carotid Artery Occlusion and Large Hemispheric Stroke: A Cerebral Blood Flow Volume Study
Authors: Niesen Wolf‐Dirk , Weiller Cornelius , Sliwka Ulrich 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Purpose. In chronic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, cere bral hemodynamics are likely to be stable due to collateral flow. The authors evaluated cerebral hemodynamics in ICA occlusion using the sonographic method of cerebral blood flow volume (CBVF) measurement to find differences that might identify patients with large hemispheric stroke in ICA occlusion.Methodand Results. The ultrasound method of CBVF measurement was used, which represents the sum of flow volumes of both internal carotid and both vertebal arteries. CBVF was measured in 29 patients with ICA occlusion including patients with (1) chronic ICA occlusion without acute minor stroke, (2) chronic ICA occlusion with acute minor stroke, (3) acute minor stroke due to acute ICA occlusion, and (4) ICA occlusion and large hemispheric stroke. In ICA occlusion, overall CBVF is lower compared to healthy volunteers, due to a significant reduction of CBVF in groups 3 and 4. Comparing groups, there were no differences in CBVF between groups 1, 2, and 3. CBVF in group 4 is reduced compared to all other groups. By receiver‐operating characteristic analysis, a CBVF cutoff value for large hemi spheric stroke was computed with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95.8%.Conclusion. Stroke due to acute ICA occlusion is associated with decreased CBVF compared to chronic ICA occlusion. Moreover, ICA occlusion and large hemispheric stroke are associated with decreased CBVF compared to all other groups, indicating instability of cerebral hemodynamics. CBVF measurement thus may be a useful tool in predicting large middle cerebral artery stroke early in ICA occlusion.
Delayed Shrinkage of the Brain After Ischemic Stroke: Preliminary Observations With Voxel‐Guided Morphometry
Authors: Kraemer Matthias , Schormann Thorsten , Hagemann Georg , Qi Bi , Witte Otto W. , Seitz Rüdiger J. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Background and Purpose. The most important effect of cerebral ischemia is brain infarction. In this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, the authors aimed at assessing postischemic brain atrophy.Methods. Ten patients suffering from their first acute cerebral ischemia in the territory of the middle cerebral artery were studied retrospectively. Three‐dimensional MRI volume scans were recorded in the acute and chronic stage after infarction and analyzed voxel by voxel intraindividually with the newly developed voxel‐guided morphometry.Results. Shrinkage of brain tissue was detected in all patients, not only in the perilesional cortical structures but also in contralateral homolog cortex areas and subcortically in the striatum and thalamus. This secondary shrinkage was not related to the size of the infarcts or to the clinical outcome of patients.Conclusions. Our study suggests that delayed brain atrophy after acute ischemic stroke involved areas anatomically connected with the ischemic brain lesion but nevertheless was accompanied by a simultaneous improvement of the neurological deficit.
Combined Use of F‐18 Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Brain Tumor Evaluation
Authors: Kwee Sandi A. , Coel Marc N. , Lim John , Ko Jehoon P. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Background. Choline metabolism is often abnormal in malignant brain tumors.Methods. Brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with F‐18 fluorocholine (FCH) was performed on 2 patients with intracranial lesions suspected to be high‐grade malignant gliomas on the basis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multivoxel 1H‐MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) findings. Standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements on PET were compared with measurements of choline/creatine metabolite ratio on MRSI in corresponding regions. Brain biopsy revealed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in one case and demyelinating disease in the other.Results. In the case of GBM, the tumor demonstrated increased FCH uptake on PET. The mean and maximum SUV in areas of the tumor correlated with regional choline/ creatine ratio measurements (r= 0.76,P < .001;r= 0.83,P < .001, respectively). In the case of tumefactive demyelinating lesions, the lesion demonstrated low FCH uptake, which did not correlate with choline/ creatine ratio measurements.Conclusions. Assessments of choline metabolism may aid in evaluating intracranial mass lesions.
Measurement of Whole‐Brain Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pelletier Daniel , Garrison Kathleen , Henry Roland 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBrain atrophy reflects the net result of irreversible and destructive pathological processes in multiple sclerosis (MS). The gross morphological changes can be accurately quantified using standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions and various image analysis tools. The current methods used to assess whole‐brain atrophy in patients with MS can be classified into 2 groups based on their reliance on segmentation and registration. Segmentation‐based methods employed to measure whole‐brain atrophy in MS include the brain parenchymal fraction, the index of brain atrophy, the whole‐brain ratio, the brain to intracranial capacity ratio, fuzzy connectedness/Udupa's method, 3DVIEWNIX, the Alfano method, and SIENAX. Current registration‐based methods used to measure whole‐brain atrophy in MS include the brain boundary shift integral, SIENA, statistical parametric mapping, template‐driven seg mentation, and voxel‐based morphometry. Most of the methods presented here are sensitive to subtle changes in brain structures and have been successfully applied to MS as measures of whole‐brain atrophy. Yet comparative studies of these methods are limited and are complicated by the lack of a gold standard for image acquisition, a segmentation algorithm, an image analysis method, or a reproducibility measure. Overall, the measure of whole‐brain atrophy from MRI contributes to an appreciation of the dynamics of MS pathology and its relationship to the clinical course of MS. Determination of the relative reproducibility, precision, sensitivity, and validity of these methods will promote the use of whole‐brain atrophy measures as components of comprehensive MRI‐based outcome assessment in MS clinical trials.
Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging of Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Sakai Osamu , Barest Glenn D. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTCerebral malaria occurs in 2% of patients infected by Plasmodium falciparum. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of small white matter infarcts due to cerebral malaria have been previously reported, however nonspecific. Since diffusion‐weighted imaging can differentiate acute embolic infarcts from other chronic or nonspecific white matter lesions, it may aid diagnosis of this illness in patients who travel to endemic areas.
An Unusual Presentation of Rheumatoid Meningitis
Authors: Chowdhry Vaidehi , Kumar Neeraj , Lachance Daniel H. , Salomao Diva R. , Luthra Harvinder S. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Background. Central nervous system involvement in rheumatoid arthritis can rarely occur in the absence of systemic disease. Rheumatoid meningitis has not been reported to present as spells of neurologic dys‐function. Patient and Methods. The authors describe a woman with a history of well‐controlled rheumatoid arthritis who presented with headaches and spells of focal neurological dysfunction. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, brain biopsy, and temporal artery biopsy were required to make the diagnosis of rheumatoid meningitis with arteritis. Results. Neuroimaging revealed abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement. Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation was seen on meningeal and brain biopsy. A temporal artery biopsy showed evidence of arteritis without giant cells. Conclusions. The possibility of central nervous system involvement by rheumatoid arthritis should be considered in patients with a history of rheumatoid arthritis even in the absence of systemic symptoms. Making the diagnosis may require meningeal and brain biopsy. The condition may be steroid responsive.
Imaging Spinal Cord Damage in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rocca M. A. , Hickman S. J. , Bö L. , Agosta F. , Miller D. H. , Comi G. , Filippi M. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTDuring the past 2 decades, the considerable improvement of magnetic resonance (MR) technology and the development of new MR strategies capable of providing an in vivo overall assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology have allowed us to obtain important novel pieces of information on disease evolution in the brain. However, despite this, the correlation between brain MR imaging metrics and clinical disability are still suboptimal. A reason for this discrepancy might be the involvement of clinically eloquent structures, such as the spinal cord, which owing to technical challenges have not been extensively studied using MR imaging until very recently. An objective and accurate estimate of the presence and extent of spinal cord damage might indeed contribute to increasing the strength of the correlations between clinical and MRI metrics. This review summarizes the main results obtained from the application of conventional and modern MR‐based techniques for the evaluation of spinal cord damage in MS.
Comparison of 1‐ and 2‐Marker Techniques for Calculating System Magnification Factor for Angiographic Measurement of Intracranial Vessels
Authors: Divani A. A. , Tholany C. R. , Siddiqui A. U. , AlKawi A. , Hussain M. S. , Kirmani J. F. , Qureshi A. I. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose. Accurate estimation of an intracranial vessel size is crucial during a diagnostic or therapeutic angiography procedure. The use of 1 or 2 external markers of known size is previously proposed to manually estimate the magnification factor (MF) of an intracranial vessel. The authors evaluated the use of different external marker techniques commonly used during angiographic measurements. Methods. Forty‐three intracranial vessels in 17 patients were measured using 1‐and 2‐marker techniques. To obtain the MF, 2 metallic markers were attached to the frontal‐temporal regions. The MFs for the targeted vessels were obtained from the x‐ray films by measuring the image sizes of the markers and their positions with respect to the target vessel. Results. Using a phantom, the errors resulted from (a) linear interpolation of MFs, (b) linear interpolation of inverse MFs, and (c) using the MFs of 1 marker, which were 1.23% to 2.23%, 0.8% to 1.55%, and 3.85% to 14.62%, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the measurement of cerebral arteries. Conclusion. The use of 2 markers can result in a more accurate estimation of the vessel size. The use of only 1 external marker can lead to substantial error based on the location of the target vessel. Optimizing image acquisition is also crucial for accurate determination of vessel size.
Restricted Diffusion of the Splenium in Acute Wernicke's Encephalopathy
Authors: Loh Yince , Watson William D. , Verma Ajay , Krapiva Pavel 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTAcute Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by profound vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency and commonly presents with the classic clinical triad of mental confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. This characteristic presentation results from the propensity of acute thiamine deficiency to preferentially injure specific brain regions: the dorsomedial thalamus, periaqueductal gray, and mamillary bodies. In these regions, abnormal magnetic resonance signaling on conventional sequences has been well described; however, diffusion restriction has only recently been reported. The authors demonstrate diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities of the splenium of the corpus callosum in a patient with acute WE, which has not been reported previously, and suggest a potential pathological mechanism. With the recent addition of DWI, MRI is becoming more sensitive to the changes in acute WE. Furthermore, the use of apparent diffusion coefficient mapping to evaluate the extent of likely underlying cytotoxic injury may help determine long‐term response to vitamin therapy and, thus, disability.
Tooth loss and intakes of nutrients and foods: a nationwide survey of Japanese dentists
Authors: Wakai Kenji , Naito Mariko , Naito Toru , Kojima Masaaki , Nakagaki Haruo , Umemura Osami , Yokota Makoto , Hanada Nobuhiro , Kawamura Takashi 
Published: November 2009

Wakai K, Naito M, Naito T, Kojima M, Nakagaki H, Umemura O, Yokota M, Hanada N, Kawamura T. Tooth loss and intakes of nutrients and foods: a nationwide survey of Japanese dentists. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 43–49. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  To clarify the association of tooth loss with dietary intakes among dentists, for whom sufficient dental care is available.Methods:  We analyzed the data from 20 366 Japanese dentists (mean age ± SD, 52.2 ± 12.1 years; women 8.0%) who participated in a nationwide cohort study from 2001 to 2006. The baseline questionnaire included a validated food‐frequency questionnaire to estimate intakes of foods and nutrients. We computed the geometric means of daily intakes by the number of teeth, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, and history of diabetes.Results:  The mean intakes of some key nutrients and food groups, such as carotene, vitamins A and C, milk and dairy products, and vegetables including green‐yellow vegetables, decreased with the increasing number of teeth lost (P for trend <0.05). On the contrary, mean intakes of carbohydrate, rice, and confectioneries were increased among those with fewer teeth (P for trend <0.05). The difference in the geometric mean (%) between totally edentulous subjects and those with ≥25 teeth, that is [(Geometric mean for ≥25 teeth) — (Geometric mean for 0 teeth)]/(Geometric mean for ≥25 teeth) × 100, was 14.3%, 8.6%, 6.1%, and –6.1% for carotene, vitamin C, vitamin A, and carbohydrate, respectively. For food groups, it was 26.3%, 11.9%, 5.6%, –9.5%, and –29.6% for milk and dairy products, green‐yellow vegetables, total vegetables, rice, and confectioneries, respectively.Conclusions:  Tooth loss was linked with poorer nutrition even among dentists.
The Sands of Time: Does History Obey the Rules of Statistics?
Authors: Buchanan Mark 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Tiny events—the flap of a butterfly wing, the fall of a grain of sand—can lead to nothing, or to catastrophe. In a previous issue1 we described how tiny re-alignments or large avalanches in a slowly growing pile of sand seem random but at last are responding to statistical analysis. Now Mark Buchanan asks if history, too, obeys the statistical rules of the sand-pile.
Keep Young and Beautiful: Evidence for An “Anti-Aging” Product?
Authors: Bland Martin 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In 2007 No. 7 Protect & Perfect Beauty Serum became Boots'fastest ever selling product after a BBC2 Horizon programme reported on a clinical trial of its effectiveness: here, unusually, was a scientific trial that seemed to show that a beauty product actually worked. The episode demonstrated that science as a brand or an endorsement can have enormous influence on consumer attitudes. This year, in April, Boots scored again: a trial of an “intense” version of the same product caught the attention of the media and again boosted sales. Martin Bland examined the trial.
How Unusual are the Contents of Paraphilias? Paraphilia-Associated Sexual Arousal Patterns in a Community-Based Sample of Men
Authors: Ahlers Christoph Joseph , Schaefer Gerard Alfons , Mundt Ingrid Annette , Roll Stephanie , Englert Heike , Willich Stefan N. , Beier Klaus Michael 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This is a report of a cross-sectional study on paraphilia-associated sexual arousal patterns (PASAP) among men in a metropolitan city in Germany, EU.

Aim
To determine the prevalence of PASAP during sexual fantasies, fantasies accompanying masturbation, and real-life sociosexual behavior.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, self-reported sexual history data were collected by questionnaire from 367 volunteers recruited from a community sample of 1,915 men aged 40–79 years.

Main Outcome Measures
The Derogatis Symptom Checklist—Revised (SCL-90–R) and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSQ; German original, Fragebogen zur Lebenszufriedenheit, [FLZ]) were administered to obtain a general subjective health measure and a measure of general as well as sex life satisfaction. The Questionnaire on Sexual Experiences and Behaviour was administered to comprehensively assess all relevant sexo-medical data.

Results
The percent of men that reported at least one PASAP was 62.4%. In 1.7% of cases, PASAP were reported to have caused distress. The presence of PASAP was associated with a higher likelihood of being single (odds ratio [OR] 2.6; 95%; confidence interval [CI] 1.047–6.640), masturbating at least once per week (OR 4.4; 95%; CI 1.773–10.914), or having a low general subjective health score (OR 11.9; 95%; CI 2.601–54.553). Pedophilic PASAP in sexual fantasies and in real-life sociosexual behavior was reported by 9.5% and 3.8% of participants, respectively.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that paraphilia-related experience can not be regarded as unusual from a normative perspective. At the same time, many men experience PASAP without accompanying problem awareness or distress, even when PASAP contents are associated with potentially causing harm to others. In view of the relevance for sex life and relationship satisfaction, presence of PASAP should be assessed in all sexual medicine consultations. Future research should focus on conditions in which PASAP reach clinical significance in the sense of mental disorders.
Age-Related Changes in General and Sexual Health in Middle-Aged and Older Men: Results from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS)
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Lee David M. , Forti Gianni , O’Connor Daryl B. , Maggi Mario , O’Neill Terence W. , Pendleton Neil , Bartfai Gyorgy , Boonen Steven , Casanueva Felipe F. , Finn Joseph D. , Giwercman Aleksander , Han Thang S. , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T. , Kula Krzysztof , Lean Michael E.J. , Punab Margus , Silman Alan J. , Vanderschueren Dirk , Wu Frederick C.W. , the EMAS Study Group  
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionLimited information is available concerning the general and sexual health status of European men.AimTo investigate the age-related changes in general and sexual health in middle-aged and older men from different countries of the European Union.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional multicenter survey performed on a sample of 3,369 community-dwelling men aged 40–79 years old (mean 60 ± 11 years). Subjects were randomly selected from eight European centers including centers from nontransitional (Florence [Italy], Leuven [Belgium], Malmö[Sweden], Manchester [United Kingdom], Santiago de Compostela [Spain]) and transitional countries (Lodz [Poland], Szeged [Hungary], Tartu [Estonia]).Main Outcome MeasuresDifferent parameters were evaluated including the Beck’s Depression Inventory for the quantification of depressive symptoms, the Short Form-36 Health Survey for the assessment of the quality of life (QoL), the International Prostate Symptom Score for the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms, and the European Male Ageing Study sexual function questionnaire for the study of sexual function.ResultsMore than 50% of subjects reported the presence of one or more common morbidities. Overall, hypertension (29%), obesity (24%), and heart diseases (16%) were the most prevalent conditions. Around 30% of men reported erectile dysfunction (ED) and 6% reported severe orgasmic impairment, both of which were closely associated with age and concomitant morbidities. Only 38% of men reporting ED were concerned about it. Furthermore, concern about ED increased with age, peaking in the 50–59 years age band, but decreased thereafter. Men in transitional countries reported a higher prevalence of morbidities and impairment of sexual function as well as a lower QoL.ConclusionSexual health declined while concomitant morbidities increased in European men as a function of age. The burden of general and sexual health is higher in transitional countries, emphasizing the need to develop more effective strategies to promote healthy aging for men in these countries.
3-D Ultrasonographic Appearance of Two Intermittent Paraurethral Cysts: A Case Report
Authors: Battaglia Cesare , Venturoli Stefano 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In the adult female, a cyst of the Skene’s duct is a rare event that may be either the late consequence of a congenital abnormality or the result of a chronic acquired inflammation.

Aim
To report a case of bilateral paraurethral Skene’s duct cysts.

Methods
A young (32 years old), eumenorrheic (menstrual cycle of &gt;25 and &lt;35 days) woman complained of a 6-month intermittent scarce lubrication during intercourse and a sensation of a small intravaginal “extraneous” body. The patient was repeatedly assessed with a detailed history, with a bimanual pelvic examination and with bi- and tridimensional ultrasonographic and color Doppler analyses of the urethrovaginal space.

Main Outcomes Measures
Transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasonographic evaluation of internal genitalia, bladder, and urethra and three-dimensional analysis of the paraurethral structures.

Results
The evaluation of the structures comprised in the urethrovaginal space evidenced two small (1.7 and 1.1 cm in the maximum diameter) anechoic cysts with some debris in the most declivous part, laterally displaced to the middle/distal urethra. The cysts disappeared after a medical therapy.

Conclusions
A sudden reduction of the vaginal lubrication requires a prompt gynecological and ultrasonographic evaluation of the urethrovaginal space.