bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Urban Slum Population Visible: Citizens and Satellites to Reinforce Slum Censuses
Authors: Abascal Angela , Georganos Stefanos , Kuffer Monika , Vanhuysse Sabine , Thomson Dana , Wang Jon , Manyasi Lawrence , Otunga Daniel Manyasi , Ochieng Brighton , Ochieng Treva , Klinnert Jorge , Wolff Eléonore 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn response to the “Leave No One Behind” principle (the central promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development), reliable estimate of the total number of citizens living in slums is urgently needed but not available for some of the most vulnerable communities. Not having a reliable estimate of the number of poor urban dwellers limits evidence-based decision-making for proper resource allocation in the fight against urban inequalities. From a geographical perspective, urban population distribution maps in many low- and middle-income cities are most often derived from outdated or unreliable census data disaggregated by coarse administrative units. Moreover, slum populations are presented as aggregated within bigger administrative areas, leading to a large diffuse in the estimates. Existing global and open population databases provide homogeneously disaggregated information (i.e. in a spatial grid), but they mostly rely on census data to generate their estimates, so they do not provide additional information on the slum population. While a few studies have focused on bottom-up geospatial models for slum population mapping using survey data, geospatial covariates, and earth observation imagery, there is still a significant gap in methodological approaches for producing precise estimates within slums. To address this issue, we designed a pilot experiment to explore new avenues. We conducted this study in the slums of Nairobi, where we collected in situ data together with slum dwellers using a novel data collection protocol. Our results show that the combination of satellite imagery with in situ data collected by citizen science paves the way for generalisable, gridded estimates of slum populations. Furthermore, we find that the urban physiognomy of slums and population distribution patterns are related, which allows for highlighting the diversity of such patterns using earth observation within and between slums of the same city.
On the limitations of non-geometric fluxes to realize dS vacua
Authors: Prieto David , Quirant Joan , Shukla Pramod 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we perform a systematic and analytical exploration of de Sitter conditions in type IIA compactifications with (non-)geometric fluxes along with the standard NS-NS and RR p-form fluxes. Exploiting the fact that the F-term scalar potential can be written as a bilinear form, we start by studying the most generic case. We find four conditions that the scalar fields and fluxes must satisfy to achieve de Sitter vacua. Particularizing to different configurations, we recover and extend previous results in the literature. We then impose an Ansatz in which the F-terms are proportional to the respective Kähler derivatives. In this set-up we are able to derive additional constraints and to classify the possible dS no-go scenarios in terms of eight axionic fluxes. Individually considering that any of these fluxes can be vanishing or non-vanishing leads to a total of 256 flux configurations. We find that 227 of these 256 possibilities result in a dS no-go scenario. The remaining 29 flux configurations, a priori, do not lead to dS no-go cases and would deserve further investigation.
Small Schwarzschild de Sitter black holes, the future boundary and islands
Authors: Goswami Kaberi , Narayan K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We continue the study of 4-dimensional Schwarzschild de Sitter black holes in the regime where the black hole mass is small compared with the de Sitter scale, following arXiv:2207.10724 [hep-th]. The de Sitter temperature is very low compared with that of the black hole. We consider the future boundary as the location where the black hole Hawking radiation is collected. Using 2-dimensional tools, we find unbounded growth of the entanglement entropy of radiation as the radiation region approaches the entire future boundary. Self-consistently including appropriate late time islands emerging just inside the black hole horizon leads to a reasonable Page curve. We also discuss other potential island solutions which show inconsistencies.
Relations between integrated correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Chester Shai M. , Dorigoni Daniele , Green Michael B. , Wen Congkao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Integrated correlation functions in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(N) can be expressed in terms of the localised S4 partition function, ZN, deformed by a mass m. Two such cases are $$ {\mathcal{C}}_N={\left(\operatorname{Im}\tau \right)}^2{\partial}_{\tau }{\partial}_{\overline{\tau}}{\partial}_m^2\log {\left.{Z}_N\right|}_{m=0} $$

C
N

=

Im
τ

2

∂
τ

∂

τ
¯

∂
m
2

log

Z
N

m
=
0

and $$ {\mathcal{H}}_N={\partial}_m^4\log {\left.{Z}_N\right|}_{m=0} $$

H
N

=

∂
m
4

log

Z
N

m
=
0

, which are modular invariant functions of the complex coupling τ. While $$ {\mathcal{C}}_N $$

C
N

was recently written in terms of a two-dimensional lattice sum for any N and τ, $$ {\mathcal{H}}_N $$

H
N

has only been evaluated up to order 1/N3 in a large-N expansion in terms of modular invariant functions with no known lattice sum realisation. Here we develop methods for evaluating $$ {\mathcal{H}}_N $$

H
N

to any desired order in 1/N and finite τ. We use this new data to constrain higher loop corrections to the stress tensor correlator, and give evidence for several intriguing relations between $$ {\mathcal{H}}_N $$

H
N

and $$ {\mathcal{C}}_N $$

C
N

to all orders in 1/N. We also give evidence that the coefficients of the 1/N expansion of $$ {\mathcal{H}}_N $$

H
N

can be written as lattice sums to all orders. Lastly, these large N and finite τ results are used to accurately estimate the integrated correlators at finite N and finite τ.
Walls, bubbles and doom — the cosmology of HEFT
Authors: Alonso R. , Criado J.C. , Houtz R. , West M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As experiment charts new territory at the electroweak scale, the enterprise to characterise all possible theories becomes all the more necessary. In the absence of new particles, this ambitious enterprise is attainable and has led to the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT) as the most general characterising framework, containing the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) as a subspace. The characterisation of this theory space led to the dichotomy SMEFT vs. HEFT SMEFT as the two possible realisations of symmetry breaking. The criterion to distinguish these two possibilities is non-local in field space, and phenomena which explore field space beyond the neighbourhood of the vacuum manifold are in a singular position to tell them apart. Cosmology allows for such phenomena, and this work focuses on HEFT SMEFT, the less explored of the two options, to find that first order phase transitions with detectable gravitational wave remnants, domain wall formation and vacuum decay in the far, far distant future can take place and single out HEFT SMEFT. Results in cosmology are put against LHC constraints, and the potential of future ground- and space-based experiments to cover parameter space is discussed.
Reflected entropy in a BCFT on a black hole background
Authors: Basu Debarshi , Chourasiya Himanshu , Raj Vinayak , Sengupta Gautam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We obtain the reflected entropy for bipartite mixed state configurations involving two disjoint and adjacent subsystems in a two dimensional boundary conformal field theory (BCFT2) in a black hole background. The bulk dual is described by an AdS3 black string geometry truncated by a Karch-Randall brane. The entanglement wedge cross section computed for this geometry matches with the reflected entropy obtained for the BCFT2 verifying the holographic duality. In this context, we also obtain the analogues of the Page curves for the reflected entropy and investigate the behaviour of the Markov gap.
Skew-Adjoint Maps and Quadratic Lie Algebras
Authors: Benito Pilar , Rández-Ibáñez Javier , Roldán-López Jorge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe procedure of double extension of vector spaces endowed with non-degenerate bilinear forms allows us to introduce the class of generalized $$\mathbb {K}$$
K
-oscillator algebras over an arbitrary field $$\mathbb {K}$$
K
. Starting from basic structural properties and the canonical forms of skew-adjoint endomorphisms, we will proceed to classify the subclass of quadratic nilpotent algebras and characterize those algebras with quadratic dimension 2. This will enable us to recover the classification of real oscillator algebras, a.k.a Lorentzian algebras, given by Medina et al. (Ann Sci École Norm Sup 18:553–561, 1985).
The role of hydrothermal processes and the formation of the J-M reef and associated rocks of olivine-bearing zone I of the Stillwater Complex, Montana
Authors: Gupta A. R. , Boudreau Alan E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Several lines of evidence, including hydrous melt inclusions and unusually Cl-rich apatite, have been used to suggest that the reappearance of olivine and PGE-sulfide of the J-M Reef in the Stillwater Complex, Montana, is due to fluid infiltration and hydration melting. This study builds upon the hydration melting model using the programs MELTS and PELE with Stillwater bulk rock compositions for the original protolith. Cl-bearing phases are not modeled by MELTS and thus simple oxide mixtures of either a pure H2O or a H2O + Na2O “faux brine” are added to norite, gabbronorite, and melanorite protoliths at 1050 °C at 2 kbar pressure, conditions for which the nominally “dry” protolith is > 95% solid. Incongruent hydration melting results in up to 37% olivine produced in the melanorite. The olivine Fo content is a function of the partial melt retained on cooling, and ranges between 76 and 86, overlapping the natural range of olivine compositions observed in the rocks. Modeling with the PELE program, which includes a silicate liquid Cl component, sulfur species, and a more complex C-O–H-S fluid, suggests that, for CO2-rich fluids, fluid metal concentrations on the order of 25 ppm Pt, 75 ppm Pd, 0.03 wt.% Cu, and 0.20 wt.% Ni at a fluid/rock mass ratio of ~ 0.25 are needed to account for the observed ore grades. Sulfide and ore metals are readily remobilized for more H2O-rich fluids, consistent with heterogeneous distribution of sulfide and regionally variable ore grades.
Nachsorge beim Mammakarzinom – endlich Bewegung?
Authors: Huesmann Sophia T. , Heublein Sabine , Janni Wolfgang , Pfister Kerstin 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Nachsorge nach der kurativen Primärtherapie ist zentraler Bestandteil für Patient*innen mit Mammakarzinom und ist in der Routine seit vielen Jahren unverändert. Maßnahmen zur Früherkennung von asymptomatischen Fernmetastasen werden nicht empfohlen, sodass Fernmetastasen häufig zufällig als Nebendiagnose oder bei spezifischen Symptomen auffallen. Die diagnostische und therapeutische Realität des 21. Jahrhunderts hat den derzeitigen Nachsorgestandard jedoch überholt. Die Möglichkeit der Liquid Biopsy bietet laut den ersten Studien eine verlässliche und verhältnismäßig einfache Methode zur Detektion und Überwachung minimaler Krankheitsresiduen und würde damit eine frühe therapeutische Intervention mit wirksamen neuen Substanzen ermöglichen – lange bevor Patient*innen Symptome der rezidivierten Erkrankung bemerken. Leider fehlen hierzu große prospektive Studien, die eine Änderung der Nachsorgepraxis des Mammakarzinoms ermöglichen können. Diese Lücke soll die SURVIVE(Standard Surveillance versus Intensive Surveillance in Early Breast Cancer)-Studie schließen.
A comparison between full-length 16S rRNA Oxford nanopore sequencing and Illumina V3-V4 16S rRNA sequencing in head and neck cancer tissues
Authors: Yeo Kenny , Connell James , Bouras George , Smith Eric , Murphy William , Hodge John-Charles , Krishnan Suren , Wormald Peter-John , Valentine Rowan , Psaltis Alkis James , Vreugde Sarah , Fenix Kevin Aaron 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDescribing the microbial community within the tumour has been a key aspect in understanding the pathophysiology of the tumour microenvironment. In head and neck cancer (HNC), most studies on tissue samples have only performed 16S rRNA short-read sequencing (SRS) on V3-V5 region. SRS is mostly limited to genus level identification. In this study, we compared full-length 16S rRNA long-read sequencing (FL-ONT) from Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) to V3-V4 Illumina SRS (V3V4-Illumina) in 26 HNC tumour tissues. Further validation was also performed using culture-based methods in 16 bacterial isolates obtained from 4 patients using MALDI-TOF MS. We observed similar alpha diversity indexes between FL-ONT and V3V4-Illumina. However, beta-diversity was significantly different between techniques (PERMANOVA - R2 = 0.131, p < 0.0001). At higher taxonomic levels (Phylum to Family), all metrics were more similar among sequencing techniques, while lower taxonomy displayed more discrepancies. At higher taxonomic levels, correlation in relative abundance from FL-ONT and V3V4-Illumina were higher, while this correlation decreased at lower levels. Finally, FL-ONT was able to identify more isolates at the species level that were identified using MALDI-TOF MS (75% vs. 18.8%). FL-ONT was able to identify lower taxonomic levels at a better resolution as compared to V3V4-Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing.
Genetic Testing Resources and Practice Patterns Among Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Programs
Authors: Godown Justin , Kim Emily H. , Everitt Melanie D. , Chung Wendy K. , Lytrivi Irene D. , Kirmani Sonya , Kantor Paul F. , Ware Stephanie M. , Ballweg Jean A. , Lal Ashwin K. , Bansal Neha , Towbin Jeffrey , Lipshultz Steven E. , Lee Teresa M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe use of genetic testing has enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of heritable genetic cardiomyopathies. However, it remains unclear how genetic information is interpreted and incorporated into clinical practice for children with cardiomyopathy. The primary aim of this study was to understand how clinical practice differs regarding sequence variant classifications amongst pediatric cardiologists who treat children with cardiomyopathy. A secondary aim was to understand the availability of genetic testing and counseling resources across participating pediatric cardiomyopathy programs. An electronic survey was distributed to pediatric heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or heart transplantation physicians between August and September 2022. A total of 106 individual providers from 68 unique centers responded to the survey. Resources for genetic testing and genetic counseling vary among large pediatric cardiomyopathy programs. A minority of centers reported having a geneticist (N = 16, 23.5%) or a genetic counselor (N = 21, 31%) on faculty within the division of pediatric cardiology. A total of 9 centers reported having both (13%). Few centers (N = 13, 19%) have a formal process in place to re-engage patients who were previously discharged from cardiology follow-up if variant reclassification would alter clinical management. Clinical practice patterns were uniform in response to pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants but were more variable for variants of uncertain significance. Efforts to better incorporate genetic expertise and resources into the clinical practice of pediatric cardiomyopathy may help to standardize the interpretation of genetic information and better inform clinical decision-making surrounding heritable cardiomyopathies.
Clinical outcomes of adjuvant nivolumab in resected stage III melanoma: comparison of CheckMate 238 trial and real-world data
Authors: Moser Justin C. , Bhatia Shailender , Amin Asim , Pavlick Anna C. , Betts Keith A. , Du Ella Xiaoyan , Poretta Tayla , Shelley Karishma , Srinivasan Swetha , Sakkal Leon Alan , Palaia Jennell , Lobo Maurice , Pe Benito Melanie , Linton Joshua A. , Chen Yan , Xu Churong , Yin Lei , Sundar Manasvi , Weber Jeffrey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesNivolumab is approved as adjuvant therapy for resected stage III/IV melanoma based on the phase 3 CheckMate 238 trial. This analysis compared outcomes from CheckMate 238 with those from the real-world Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived de-identified database in patients with resected stage III melanoma (per AJCC-8) treated with adjuvant nivolumab.MaterialsOutcomes included baseline characteristics, overall survival (OS) in the CheckMate 238 cohort (randomization until death or last known alive), and real-world overall survival (rwOS) in the Flatiron Health cohort (nivolumab initiation until death or data cutoff). rwOS was compared with OS using unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was combined with the adjusted model to reduce baseline discrepancies.ResultsThe CheckMate 238 and real-world cohorts included 369 and 452 patients, respectively (median age, 56.0 and 63.0 years; median follow-up, 61.4 vs. 25.5 months). rwOS was not different from OS in the unadjusted (hazard ratio [HR] 1.27; 95% CI 0.92–1.74), adjusted (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.67–1.54), and adjusted IPTW (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.70–1.63) analyses. In the adjusted analysis, 2-year OS and rwOS rates were 84%. Median OS and rwOS were not reached. After IPTW, OS and rwOS were not different (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.70–1.64).ConclusionsIn this comparative analysis, OS in the CheckMate 238 trial was similar to rwOS in the Flatiron Health database after adjustments in patients with resected stage III melanoma (per AJCC-8) treated with adjuvant nivolumab, validating the trial results.
Comprehensive comparison between conservative therapy and surgical management for completely displaced and comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhang Yufu , Zhang Xigong , Tan Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
It is still controversial whether complete displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures should be treated with internal fixation or conservative therapy. This retrospective study aims to compare clinical outcomes of two treatment protocols.

Materials and methods
105 patients with displaced and comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures were included in this study, among which 55 patients were treated conservatively and 50 patients accepted surgical fixation and were followed up for over 20 months on average. Rate of union, malunion, time taken for union, functional outcome, self-reported satisfaction and complications were compared.

Results
Union rate of operative group (n=49, 98.0%) was higher than the non-operative group (n=48, 87.3%). Time taken for union in operative group (2.37±1.06 months) was shorter than the non-operative group (3.69±1.01 months). Malunion and asymmetric were only seen in the conservative group. Numbness of the shoulder was only reported in the operative group (n=23, 46.0%). Most of patients in the operative group (n=45, 90%) accepted a second operation to remove the implant. No statistically difference was found in self-reported satisfaction, Quick-DASH and Constant-Murley score. The operative group returned to work faster (1.47±0.89 to 3.34±1.37 months), regained full range of motion earlier (1.66±0.78 to 3.83±1.24 months) and regained strength faster (3.86±2.45 to 8.03±2.78 months) than the non-operative group.

Conclusion
Complete displaced and comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures treated surgically have more reliable union and faster recovery when compared to conservatively treated fractures.
Assessing sleep-related breathing disorders among newly diagnosed rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Petzinna Simon M. , Winter Lone , Skowasch Dirk , Pizarro Carmen , Weber Marcel , Kütting Daniel , Behning Charlotte , Bauer Claus-Jürgen , Schäfer Valentin S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in newly diagnosed, untreated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients, and to develop a screening algorithm for early detection.MethodsWe evaluated newly diagnosed RA or PsA patients using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire, cardiorespiratory polygraphy (RPG), and clinical and laboratory assessments. Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) was diagnosed based on pathological RPG findings excessive daytime sleepiness, defined as ESS score above 10.ResultsThe study included 39 patients (22 RA, 17 PsA) and 23 controls. In RPG, SRBD was identified in 38.5% of arthritis patients compared to 39.1% of controls (p = 1.00), with male gender (p = .004) and age (p < .001) identified as risk factors. Excessive daytime sleepiness was noted in 36.4% of RA patients, 17.6% of PsA patients, and 21.7% of controls. Of the 24 patients diagnosed with SRBD, 41.6% met the criteria for SAS. SAS prevalence was 31.8% among RA patients, 0% in PsA patients, and 13% in controls. A significant association was observed between excessive daytime sleepiness and SRBD (p = .036).ConclusionOur findings reveal a high prevalence of SRBD in newly diagnosed, untreated RA and PsA patients in ESS and RPG, with excessive daytime sleepiness being a reliable predictor of SRBD. Patients with RA exhibited a higher predisposition to SAS. We therefore suggest incorporating ESS and RPG as screening tools in RA or PsA for early detection and management of SRBD.
The cAMP-dependent phosphorylation footprint in response to heat stress
Authors: Domingo Guido , Marsoni Milena , Davide Eleonora , Fortunato Stefania , de Pinto Maria Concetta , Bracale Marcella , Molla Gianluca , Gehring Chris , Vannini Candida 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Key message
cAMP modulates the phosphorylation status of highly conserved phosphosites in RNA-binding proteins crucial for mRNA metabolism and reprogramming in response to heat stress.

Abstract
In plants, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3′,5′-cAMP) is a second messenger that modulates multiple cellular targets, thereby participating in plant developmental and adaptive processes. Although its role in ameliorating heat-related damage has been demonstrated, mechanisms that govern cAMP-dependent responses to heat have remained elusive. Here we analyze the role cAMP–dependent phosphorylation during prolonged heat stress (HS) with a view to gain insight into processes that govern plant responses to HS. To do so, we performed quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses in Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow-2 cells grown at 27 °C or 35 °C for 3 days overexpressing a molecular “sponge” that reduces free intracellular cAMP levels. Our phosphorylation data and analyses reveal that the presence of cAMP is an essential factor that governs specific protein phosphorylation events that occur during prolonged HS in BY-2 cells. Notably, cAMP modulates HS-dependent phosphorylation of proteins that functions in mRNA processing, transcriptional control, vesicular trafficking, and cell cycle regulation and this is indicative for a systemic role of the messenger. In particular, changes of cAMP levels affect the phosphorylation status of highly conserved phosphosites in 19 RNA-binding proteins that are crucial during the reprogramming of the mRNA metabolism in response to HS. Furthermore, phosphorylation site motifs and molecular docking suggest that some proteins, including kinases and phosphatases, are conceivably able to directly interact with cAMP thus further supporting a regulatory role of cAMP in plant HS responses.