bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complication and failure rates in patients treated for chronic periodontitis and restored with single crowns on teeth and/or implants
Authors: Schmidlin Kurt , Schnell Natascha , Steiner Stefanie , Salvi Giovanni E. , Pjetursson Bjarni , Matuliene Giedre , Zwahlen Marcel , Brägger Urs , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives: To assess the biological and technical complication rates of single crowns on vital teeth (SC‐V), endodontically treated teeth without post and core (SC‐E), with a cast post and core (SC‐PC) and on implants (SC‐I).Material and methods: From 392 patients with chronic periodontitis treated and documented by graduate students during the period from 1978 to 2002, 199 were reexamined during 2005 for this retrospective cohort study, and 64 of these patients were treated with SCs. Statistical analysis included Kaplan–Meier survival functions and event rates per 100 years of object‐time. Poisson regression was used to compare the four groups of crowns with respect to the incidence rate ratio of failures, and failures and complications combined over 10 years and the entire observation period.Results: Forty‐one (64%) female and 23 (36%) male patients participated in the reexamination. At the time of seating the crowns, the mean patient age was 46.8 (range 24–66.3) years. One hundred and sixty‐eight single unit crowns were incorporated. Their mean follow‐up time was 11.8 (range 0.8–26.4) years. During the time of observation, 22 biological and 11 technical complications occurred; 19 SC were lost. The chance for SC‐V (56) to remain free of any failure or complication was 89.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.1–95.4) after 10 years, 85.8% (95% CI 66–94.5) for SC‐E (34), 75.9% for SC‐PC (39), (95% CI 58.8–86.7) and 66.2% (95% CI 45.1–80.7) for SC‐I (39). Over 10 years, 95% of SC‐I remained free of failure and demonstrated a cumulative incidence of failure or complication of 34%. Compared with SC‐E, SC‐I were 3.5 times more likely to yield failures or complications and SC‐PC failed 1.7 times more frequently than did SC‐E. SC‐V had the lowest rate of failures or complications over the 10 years.Conclusions: While SCs on vital teeth have the best prognosis, those on endodontically treated teeth have a slightly poorer prognosis over 10 years. Crowns on teeth with post and cores and implant‐supported SCs displayed the highest incidence of failures and complications. To cite this article: Schmidlin K, Schnell N, Steiner S, Salvi GE, Pjetursson B, Matuliene G, Zwahlen M, Brägger U, Lang NP. Complication and failure rates in patients treated for chronic periodontitis and restored with single crowns on teeth and/or implants Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 550–557. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01907.x
REVIEW ARTICLE: B7 Family Molecules as Regulators of the Maternal Immune System in Pregnancy
Authors: Petroff Margaret G. , Perchellet Antoine 
Published: April 2010

Citation Petroff MG, Perchellet A. B7 family molecules as regulators of the maternal immune system in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010Placental and fetal growth and development are associated with chronic exposure of the maternal immune system to fetally derived, paternally inherited antigens. Because maternal lymphocytes are aware of fetal antigens, active tolerance mechanisms are required to ensure unperturbed progression of pregnancy and delivery of a healthy newborn. These mechanisms of tolerance may include deletion, receptor downregulation, and anergy of fetal antigen‐specific cells in lymphoid tissues, as well as regulation at the maternal–fetal interface by a variety of locally expressed immunoregulatory molecules. The B7 family of costimulatory molecules comprises one group of immunoregulatory molecules present in the decidua and placenta. B7 family members mediate both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on T‐cell activation and effector functions and may play a critical role in maintaining tolerance to the fetus. Here, we review the known functions of the B7 family proteins in pregnancy.
REVIEW ARTICLE: HIV Infection in the Female Genital Tract: Discrete Influence of the Local Mucosal Microenvironment
Authors: Kaushic Charu , Ferreira Vitor H. , Kafka Jessica K. , Nazli Aisha 
Published: April 2010

Citation Kaushic C, Ferreira VH, Kafka JK, Nazli A. HIV infection in the female genital tract: discrete influence of the local mucosal microenvironment. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010Women acquire HIV infections predominantly at the genital mucosa through heterosexual transmission. Therefore, the immune milieu at female genital surfaces is a critical determinant of HIV susceptibility. In this review, we recapitulate the evidence suggesting that several distinctive innate immune mechanisms in the female genital tract (FGT) serve to significantly deter or facilitate HIV‐1 infection. Epithelial cells lining the FGT play a key role in forming a primary barrier to HIV entry. These cells express Toll‐like receptors and other receptors that recognize and respond directly to pathogens, including HIV‐1. In addition, innate biological factors produced by epithelial and other cells in the FGT have anti‐HIV activity. Female sex hormones, co‐infection with other pathogens and components in semen may also exacerbate or down‐modulate HIV transmission. A combination of innate and adaptive immune factors and their interactions with the local microenvironment determine the outcome of HIV transmission. Improving our understanding of the female genital microenvironment will be useful in developing treatments that augment and sustain protective immune responses in the genital mucosa, such as microbicides and vaccines, and will provide greater insight into viral pathogenesis in the FGT.
Happiness among the elderly in communities: A study in senior clubs of Chonburi Province, Thailand
Authors: SUMNGERN Chommanard , AZEREDO Zaida , SUBGRANON Rarchaneeporn , SUNGVORAWONGPHANA Narirat , MATOS Eduarda 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  To study the levels of happiness perception in the elderly in different regions, and determine the reasons affecting it.Methods:  The Thai Happiness Indicators: THI‐15; 2001 were used in this study of 306 participants (≥60 years) in different regions: rural, suburban, and urban. The elderly were chosen by chance from those belonging to Thai senior clubs in opportunistic random.Results:  The elderly perceived their happiness as good, fair, and poor, respectively, 12.4%, 37.9%, and 49.7%. There was a difference in happiness perception among the regions: poor happiness perception (64.5%, 61.2%, and 22.8% in rural, suburban, and urban areas, respectively) (P < 0.001). We also verified that there was a difference in poor happiness perception between males (57.9%) and females (42.2%) (P < 0.01). There were differences in the happiness perception among people with different levels of education (χ2 (4, N = 306) = 14.15, P = 0.007). There was also a difference between happiness perceptions as related to occupation: the results showed elderly who were not working had a better score of happiness perception than the elderly who had to work.Conclusions:  Although we cannot generalize from the results the happiness of all Thai elderly, the present study found that formal education, geographical areas, and gender can influence happiness. Health‐care providers should be concerned about and provide the proper intervention and/or activities in order to alleviate the mental health problems among the elderly in communities, especially the elderly who are identified with poor happiness.
Problems of Other Minds: Solutions and Dissolutions in Analytic and Continental Philosophy
Authors: Reynolds Jack 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhile there is a great diversity of treatments of other minds and inter‐subjectivity within both analytic and continental philosophy, this article specifies some of the core structural differences between these treatments. Although there is no canonical account of the problem of other minds that can be baldly stated and that is exhaustive of both traditions, the problem(s) of other minds can be loosely defined in family resemblances terms. It seems to have: (1) an epistemological dimension (How do we know that others exist? Can we justifiably claim to know that they do?); (2) an ontological dimension that incorporates issues having to do with personal identity (What is the structure of our world such that inter‐subjectivity is possible? What are the fundamental aspects of our relations to others? How do they impact upon our self‐identity?); and (3) A conceptual dimension in that it depends on one’s answer to the question what is a mind (How does the mind – or the concept of ‘mind’– relate to the brain, the body and the world?). While these three issues are co‐imbricated, I will claim that analytic engagements with the problem of other minds focus on (1), whereas continental philosophers focus far more on (2). In addition, this article will also point to various other downstream consequences of this, including the preoccupation with embodiment and forms of expressivism that feature heavily in various forms of continental philosophy, and which generally aim to ground our relations with others in a pre‐reflective manner of inhabiting the world that is said to be the condition of reflection and knowledge.
Confucianism and Ethics in the Western Philosophical Tradition I: Foundational Concepts
Authors: Bockover Mary I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractConfucianism conceives of persons as being necessarily interdependent, defining personhood in terms of the various roles one embodies and that are established by the relationships basic to one's life. By way of contrast, the Western philosophical tradition has predominantly defined persons in terms of intrinsic characteristics not thought to depend on others. This more strictly and explicitly individualistic concept of personhood contrasts with the Confucian idea that one becomes a person because of others; where one is never a person independently or in and of oneself but develops into one only in community. This article surveys some differences between Confucian and Western ideas of self and their connection to ethics mainly in light of the relational self of the Confucian Analects and Mencius. A Philosophy Compass article called Confucianism and Ethics in the Western Philosophical Tradition: A Comparative Analysis of Personhood (CEWII) will follow, that examines how the more individualistic way of conceiving of personhood in the West has had moral and political implications that differ, and even conflict, with those of Confucianism. [Correction added after online publication 31 May 2010: Sentence changed.]
The Grounds of Necessity
Authors: Cameron Ross P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSome truths are necessary, others could have been false. Why? What is the source of the distinction between the necessary and the contingent? What’s so special about the necessary truths that account for their necessity? In this article, we look at some of the most promising accounts of the grounds of necessity: David Lewis’ reduction of necessity to truth at all possible worlds; Kit Fine’s reduction of necessity to essence; and accounts of necessity that take the distinction between the necessary and the contingent to be a matter of convention.
Uridine adenosine tetraphosphate affects contractility of mouse aorta and decreases blood pressure in conscious rats and mice
Authors: Hansen P. B. , Hristovska A. , Wolff H. , Vanhoutte P. , Jensen B. L. , Bie P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim: In the anaesthetized rat, uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) is a circulating, endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor presumably operating as such in un‐anaesthetized animals. The present study investigated thein vivoeffects of Up4A in conscious mice and rats, and its direct vascular effects in the mouse aortain vitro.Methods: In vivo, Up4A was given as step‐up infusion at rates of 8–512 nmol min−1 kg−1for 30 min periods in chronically catheterized rodents.In vitro, the effect of Up4A on rings of mouse aortae mounted in a myograph was tested.Results: High doses of Up4A (mice: 512 nmol min−1 kg−1; rats: 128 nmol min−1 kg−1) caused hypotension (99 ± 4 to 64 ± 7 mmHg and 114 ± 3 to 108 ± 3 mmHg, respectively, bothP < 0.01). In rats, Up4A significantly decreased sodium excretion by >75% and potassium excretion by ∼60% without significant changes in urine flow. Exposure of phenylephrine‐contracted rings to increasing concentrations of Up4A elicited contraction at 10−7and 10−6 mol L−1(18 ± 2% and 76 ± 16% respectively); unexpectedly, 10−5 mol L−1caused a biphasic response with a contraction (19 ± 6%) followed by a relaxation (−46 ± 6%). No relaxation was observed when the concentration was increased further. Bolus exposure to 10−5 mol L−1of Up4A caused contraction (+80 ± 2%). Added successively to untreated vessels, increasing concentrations of Up4A (10−7–10−5 mol L−1) induced a biphasic response of contraction followed by relaxation.Conclusion: Up4A has direct biphasic effects on vascular smooth muscle of the mouse aorta but vasoconstriction dominates at low concentrations. In conscious rodents, step‐up infusions of Up4A elicit hypotension and electrolyte retention.
Hypoxia preconditioning by cobalt chloride enhances endurance performance and protects skeletal muscles from exercise‐induced oxidative damage in rats
Authors: Saxena S. , Shukla D. , Saxena S. , Khan Y. A. , Singh M. , Bansal A. , Sairam M. , Jain S. K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  Training under hypoxia has several advantages over normoxic training in terms of enhancing the physical performance. Therefore, we tested the protective effect of hypoxia preconditioning by hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride against exercise‐induced oxidative damage in the skeletal muscles and improvement of physical performance.Method:  Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8), namely control, cobalt‐supplemented, training and cobalt with training. The red gastrocnemius muscle was examined for all measurements, viz. free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and antioxidative capacity.Results:  Hypoxic preconditioning with cobalt along with training significantly increased physical performance (33%, P < 0.01) in rats compared with training‐only rats. Cobalt supplementation activated cellular oxygen sensing system in rat skeletal muscle. It also protected against training‐induced oxidative damage as observed by an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio (36%, P < 0.001; 28%, P < 0.01 respectively) and reduced lipid peroxidation (15%, P < 0.01; 31%, P < 0.01 respectively) in both trained and untrained rats compared with their respective controls. Cobalt supplementation along with training enhanced the expression of antioxidant proteins haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1; 1.2‐fold, P < 0.05) and metallothionein (MT; 4.8‐fold, P < 0.001) compared with training only. A marked reduction was observed in exercise‐induced muscle fibre damage as indicated by decreased necrotic muscle fibre, decreased lipofuscin content of muscle and plasma creatine kinase level (16%, P < 0.01) in rats preconditioned with cobalt.Conclusion:  Our study provides strong evidence that hypoxic preconditioning with cobalt chloride enhances physical performance and protects muscle from exercise‐induced oxidative damage via GSH, HO‐1 and MT‐mediated antioxidative capacity.
Regional variations in action potential alternans in isolated murine Scn5a+/− hearts during dynamic pacing
Authors: Matthews G. D. K. , Martin C. A , Grace A. A. , Zhang Y. , Huang C. L‐H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  Clinical observations suggest that alternans in action potential (AP) characteristics presages breakdown of normal ordered cardiac electrical activity culminating in ventricular arrhythmogenesis. We compared such temporal nonuniformities in monophasic action potential (MAP) waveforms in left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) epicardia and endocardia of Langendorff‐perfused murine wild‐type (WT), and Scn5a+/− hearts modelling Brugada syndrome (BrS) for the first time.Methods:  A dynamic pacing protocol imposed successively incremented steady pacing rates between 5.5 and 33 Hz. A signal analysis algorithm detected sequences of >10 beats showing alternans. Results were compared before and following the introduction of flecainide (10 μm) and quinidine (5 μm) known to exert pro‐ and anti‐arrhythmic effects in BrS.Results:  Sustained and transient amplitude and duration alternans were both frequently followed by ventricular ectopic beats and ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Diastolic intervals (DIs) that coincided with onsets of transient (tr) or sustained (ss) alternans in MAP duration (DI*) and amplitude (DI′) were determined. Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by Bonferroni‐corrected Mann–Whitney U‐tests were applied to these DI results sorted by recording site, pharmacological conditions or experimental populations. WT hearts showed no significant heterogeneities in any DI. Untreated Scn5a+/− hearts showed earlier onsets of transient but not sustained duration alternans in LV endocardium compared with RV endocardium or LV epicardium. Flecainide administration caused earlier onsets of both transient and sustained duration alternans selectively in the RV epicardium in the Scn5a+/− hearts.Conclusion:  These findings in a genetic model thus implicate RV epicardial changes in the arrhythmogenicity produced by flecainide challenge in previously asymptomatic clinical BrS.
ON DISLIKING WRITING
Authors: Scott Ann 
Published: April 2010

abstractIn this contribution I describe Isabel's approach to editing her papers for publication. I consider the ‘unanxiety’ that allowed for a constructive relationship to her work on her papers, and coexisted with her well‐known dislike of writing. I go on to consider possible reasons for the dislike, including Isabel's longstanding preoccupation with the issue of how to translate the language of psychoanalysis into terms that could be meaningful to the organizations she was working with. I suggest that Isabel felt that the face‐to‐face encounter was needed to achieve this, and illustrate this with an example from a piece of consultancy at the Cassel Hospital that she undertook, which I observed. It is hoped that work on her literary archive, just beginning, will shed further light on these issues.
IMPRESSIONS OF ISABEL MENZIES LYTH
Authors: Hinshelwood Bob 
Published: April 2010

abstractIn this brief and personal appreciation, I have conveyed what seems to me a surprising diffidence in Isabel's assessment of her work. I have speculated that this reticence resulted in some small – but nevertheless quite significant – divergence from Elliott Jaques' original work, with which Isabel's is always closely linked. This divergence has relevance for Jaques' abandonment of the ‘social defence system’ theory, and Isabel's continuing allegiance to it.
WORKING WITH BUSINESS LEADERS AND THEIR TEAMS
Authors: Sandler Catherine 
Published: April 2010

abstractTwo topics are addressed in this article. Firstly, the author explores some of the connections between Isabel Menzies Lyth's work on organizations and her own practice as a psychodynamically‐oriented consultant and coach working with business leaders and their teams. In particular, the author explores the relevance of Isabel's ideas about anxiety in the context of the 2008–09 economic crisis. Almost all the companies with which the author was working were impacted by the recession. This brought to the fore the challenges faced by leaders as they navigate their organizations through a period of great uncertainty. A vignette is provided about a client company at which the author helped the CEO and Board to contain and manage their own anxiety and that of their staff in order to optimize performance during the downturn. Secondly, the author shares some reflections on her experience of Isabel as an analyst. She highlights Isabel's ‘fairly unanxious’ personality as a powerful therapeutic element in the analysis, describing how Isabel's calm, self‐possessed and undemonstrative manner could help others, including the author, to contain their own anxiety and move forward.
GOVERNMENT AND THE PERVERSE SOCIAL DEFENCE
Authors: Hoggett Paul 
Published: April 2010

abstractPart of Isabel Menzies Lyth's legacy is the concept of social defence. This article examines the perverse social defence, recently hypothesized by Susan Long, and deploys the concept in a critical exploration of aspects of the modernization of the public services in the UK. It is argued that the ‘targets and indicators’ culture constitutes a perverse defence which fosters the development of anas ifrelationship between government and reality. The article explores the damaging impact of this defence upon the capacity of government and society to stay in touch with the suffering generated by increasing social inequalities.
SOME THOUGHTS ON SUPERVISION
Authors: Leader Darian 
Published: April 2010

abstractThe practice of supervision is increasingly seen today as a pedagogic activity in which knowledge and skills are transmitted from one party to another. Debates around supervision, however, have historically been concerned with a number of other issues, most notably transference and countertransference. We examine the central arguments of these debates in the psychoanalytic tradition, and discuss some of the theoretical and clinical consequences that follow from them. Taking unconscious dynamics into account forces us to recognize that supervision cannot be seen as a ‘neutral’ exercise of accumulating knowledge, but rather confronts both supervisee and supervisor with significant questions about their own position and self‐image.
Flood‐related disaster vulnerability: an impending crisis of megacities in Asia
Authors: Adikari Y. , Osti R. , Noro T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe megacities around the world have been located in fertile river basins since the beginning of civilization. In recent years, population has been increasing drastically; as a result, people migrate to cities and live in vulnerable and marginal areas, thus giving rise to slums. Therefore, we would like to point out why and how megacities in Asia are vulnerable to flood. The vulnerability of the cities, especially the slums, is shaped by forces such as global changes, internal migration patterns, development practices and political instability, which constantly reshape the risk of floods, which may be frequent and disastrous. Hence, development choices with a strong scientific background, especially in the cities prone to monsoon, are necessary to protect development, and not only floods but all disaster risks should be regulated and mainstreamed into the development planning of cities.
DNA barcoding exposes a case of mistaken identity in the fern horticultural trade
Authors: PRYER KATHLEEN M. , SCHUETTPELZ ERIC , HUIET LAYNE , GRUSZ AMANDA L. , ROTHFELS CARL J. , AVENT TONY , SCHWARTZ DAVID , WINDHAM MICHAEL D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUsing cheilanthoid ferns, we provide an example of how DNA barcoding approaches can be useful to the horticultural community for keeping plants in the trade accurately identified. We use plastid rbcL, atpA, and trnG‐R sequence data to demonstrate that a fern marketed as Cheilanthes wrightii (endemic to the southwestern USA and northern Mexico) in the horticultural trade is, in fact, Cheilanthes distans (endemic to Australia and adjacent islands). Public and private (accessible with permission) databases contain a wealth of DNA sequence data that are linked to vouchered plant material. These data have uses beyond those for which they were originally generated, and they provide an important resource for fostering collaborations between the academic and horticultural communities. We strongly advocate the barcoding approach as a valuable new technology available to the horticulture industry to help correct plant identification errors in the international trade.