bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Flue Gas Treatment from Nitriding Processes
Authors: Ludewig H. , Haase B. , Fritsching U. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEfficient control and minimization of emissions from technical processes is of major concern in industrial development and process operation. The technical process in the focus of the present contribution is the nitriding process of metallic specimen. The ammonia content in nitriding process flue gases reaches up to 618 g·m–3 (80 vol.‐%) and needs to be reduced to less than 30 mg·m–3 (40 ppm) to fulfill present regulations. Exhaust gases from nitriding processes today are burnt in flares without emission control where fuels need to be added that produce additional exhaust gas components. The objective of this investigation is to develop an alternative gas cleaning route for nitriding processes based on catalytic dissociation of ammonia. The decomposition was studied for different catalysts at varying process conditions. With these results a dissociation pilot plant was successfully tested in a technical‐scale nitriding process.
Hydration of Sugars in the Gas Phase: Regioselectivity and Conformational Choice in N‐Acetyl Glucosamine and Glucose
Authors: Cocinero Emilio J. , Stanca‐Kaposta E. Cristina , Dethlefsen Mark , Liu Bo , Gamblin David P. , Davis Benjamin G. , Simons John P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe influence of an acetamido group in directing the preferred choice of hydration sites in glucosamine and a consequent extension of the working rules governing regioselective hydration and conformational choice, have been revealed through comparisons between the conformations and structures of “free” and multiply hydrated phenyl N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosamine (βpGlcNAc) and phenyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (βpGlc), isolated in the gas phase at low temperatures. The structures have been assigned through infrared ion depletion spectroscopy conducted in a supersonic jet expansion, coupled with computational methods. The acetamido motif provides a hydration focus that overwhelms the directing role of the hydroxymethyl group; in multiply hydrated βpGlcNAc the water molecules are all located around the acetamido motif, on the “axial” faces of the pyranose ring rather than around its edge, despite the equatorial disposition of all the hydrophilic groups in the ring. The striking and unprecedented role of the C‐2 acetamido group in controlling hydration structures may, in part, explain the differing and widespread roles of GlcNAc, and perhaps GalNAc, in nature.
The Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols: Reaction Development, Scope, and Applications
Authors: Ebner David C. , Bagdanoff Jeffrey T. , Ferreira Eric M. , McFadden Ryan M. , Caspi Daniel D. , Trend Raissa M. , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe first palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective oxidation of secondary alcohols has been developed, utilizing the readily available diamine (−)‐sparteine as a chiral ligand and molecular oxygen as the stoichiometric oxidant. Mechanistic insights regarding the role of the base and hydrogen‐bond donors have resulted in several improvements to the original system. Namely, addition of cesium carbonate and tert‐butyl alcohol greatly enhances reaction rates, promoting rapid resolutions. The use of chloroform as solvent allows the use of ambient air as the terminal oxidant at 23 °C, resulting in enhanced catalyst selectivity. These improved reaction conditions have permitted the successful kinetic resolution of benzylic, allylic, and cyclopropyl secondary alcohols to high enantiomeric excess with good‐to‐excellent selectivity factors. This catalyst system has also been applied to the desymmetrization of meso‐diols, providing high yields of enantioenriched hydroxyketones.
Absolute structural elucidation of natural products—A focus on quantum‐mechanical calculations of solid‐state CD spectra
Authors: Pescitelli Gennaro , Kurtán Tibor , Flörke Ulrich , Krohn Karsten 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this review article we examine state‐of‐the‐art techniques for the structural elucidation of organic compounds isolated from natural sources. In particular, we focus on the determination of absolute configuration (AC), perhaps the most challenging but inevitable step in the whole process, especially when newly isolated compounds are screened for biological activity. Among the many methods employed for AC assignment that we review, special attention is paid to electronic circular dichroism (CD) and to the modern tools available for quantum‐mechanics CD predictions, including TDDFT. In this context, we stress that conformational flexibility often poses a limit to practical CD calculations of solution CD spectra. Many crystalline natural products suitable for X‐ray analysis do not contain heavy atoms for a confidential AC assignment by resonant scattering. However, their CD spectra can be recorded in the solid state, for example with the KCl pellet technique, and analyzed possibly by nonempirical means to provide stereochemical information. In particular, solid‐state CD spectra can be compared with those calculated with TDDFT or other high‐level methods, using the X‐ray geometry as input. The solid‐state CD/TDDFT approach, described in detail, represents a quick and reliable tool for AC assignment of natural products. Chirality 21:E181–E201, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Color preference affected by mode of color appearance
Authors: Tangkijviwat Uravis , Rattanakasamsuk Kitirochna , Shinoda Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMost color preference research focuses on colors in an object color mode. In our daily life, however, colors are perceived not only as an object color mode but also as other modes, such as unnatural object color and light source color modes. To explore the effect of the color appearance mode on color preference, we examined the relationship between color preference and the mode of color appearance. Thirty‐three color chips were chosen from the Munsell notation varying in hues and chromas. The color chips were presented in different color appearance modes by changing the subject's room illuminance and the color chip room illuminance. The experimental results showed that the brightest and most saturated colors were preferred. It was found that the subject preferred color in a light source color mode and unnatural object color mode to color in an object color mode. Moreover, we found that hue had a small effect on color preference in the light source color mode. We also investigated the relationship between color preference and the perceived color attributes (perceived chromaticness, whiteness, and blackness). In a supplementary experiment, elementary color naming was conducted. The results showed that the perceived chromaticness, perceived whiteness, and perceived blackness play a role for the determination of color preference for different color appearance modes. We, consequently, suggest that color preference is dominated not only by color attributes but also by the mode of color appearance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
A Polymer with a Benzo[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene Moiety for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Liu Miaoyin , Rieger Ralph , Li Chen , Menges Hansjörg , Kastler Marcel , Baumgarten Martin , Müllen Klaus 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe characterization of a benzo[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene containing conjugated polymer (PBTT) is demonstrated, with regard to its photovoltaic performance. X‐ray diffraction measurements reveal that the thermal treatment results in an increased crystallinity within the PBTT:[70]PCBM network and subsequent spatial rearrangement in the film. Upon stepwise annealing, the PBTT‐based bulk‐heterojunction solar cells show an overall conversion efficiency of 2.7 % under 1 sun light illumination. The photovoltaic devices based on PBTT show a high efficiency, maintained over one month. All these aspects suggest that the use of self‐organizable materials is an efficient approach for high‐performance photovoltaic applications.
Cellular phone face recognition system based on optical phase correlation
Authors: Watanabe Eriko , Ishikawa Sayuri , Ohta Maiko , Kodate Kashiko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe propose a high‐security facial recognition system using a cellular phone on the mobile network. This system is composed of a face recognition engine based on optical phase correlation which uses phase information with emphasis on a Fourier domain, a control server, and the cellular phone with a compact camera for taking pictures, as a portable terminal. Compared with various correlation methods, our face recognition engine revealed the most accurate EER of less than 1%. By using the JAVA interface on this system, we implemented the stable system taking pictures, providing functions to prevent spoofing while transferring images. This recognition system was tested on 300 female students and the results proved this system effective. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(12): 60–68, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10154
Proposal and application of real‐time calibration of baseline length in single‐camera stereo system
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Kusano Akira , Fujiwara Takayuki , Koshimizu Hiroyasu 
Published: November 2009

Abstract3D image processing algorithms for real‐time calibration of the baseline length in a single‐camera stereo system are presented in this paper, and the performance of less than 0.03 mm depth measurement in precision and about 0.45 s processing time in the inspection are also presented based on the applications to the experimental equipment. It is technically noted that the baseline of this single‐camera stereo system was precisely calibrated by the image processing procedure.The scope of application of this simply configured stereo system could be expanded to the wider fields of industrial 3D measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(12): 50–59, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10155
A cell lysis and protein purification–single molecule assay devices for evaluation of genetically engineered proteins
Authors: Nakayama Tetsuya , Tabata Kazuhito V. , Noji Hiroyuki , Yokokawa Ryuji 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have developed two devices for evaluation of genetically engineered proteins in single molecule assay: on‐chip cell lysis device, and protein purification–assay device. A motor protein, F1‐ATPase expressed in E. coli, was the focus of this report as the target protein. Cell lysis was simply performed by applying pulse voltage between Au electrodes patterned by photolithography, and its efficiency was determined by absorptiometry. The subsequent processes, purification and assay of extracted proteins, were applied to detect F1‐ATPase and to evaluate its activity. The specific bonding between his‐tag in F1‐ATPase and Ni‐NTA deposited on a glass surface was utilized for the purification process. After immobilization of F1‐ATPase, avidin‐coated microspheres and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) solution were infused sequentially to assay the protein. Microsphere rotation was realized by activity of F1‐ATPase corresponding to ATP hydrolysis. Results show that the cell lysis device, under the optimum conditions, extracts a sufficient amount of protein for single molecule assay. Once cell lysate was injected to the purification–assay device, proteins were diffused in the lateral direction in a Y‐shape microchannel. The gradient of protein concentration provides an optimal concentration for assay, that is, the highest density of rotating beads. Density of rotating beads is also affected by the initial concentration of protein injected into the device. The optimum concentration was achieved by our cell lysis device rather than by the conventional method using ultrasonic wave. Rotation speed was analyzed for several microspheres assayed in the purification–assay device, and the results were compatible with those of conventional bulk scale assay by the F1‐ATPase purification. In conclusion, we have demonstrated feasibility of on‐chip cell lysis and assay for the sequential analysis without any pretreatment. It is expected that on‐chip devices replacing conventional bioanalytical methods can be integrated in a total analysis system to evaluate engineered protein and DNA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(12): 20–30, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10193
MYD88‐dependent and ‐independent activation of TREM‐1 via specific TLR ligands
Authors: Zheng Heng , Heiderscheidt Caitlin A. , Joo Myung , Gao Xeipei , Knezevic Nebojsa , Mehta Dolly , Sadikot Ruxana T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)‐1 plays an important role in myeloid cell‐activated inflammatory responses. Although TLR ligands such as LPS and lipoteichoic acid have been shown to upregulate TREM‐1 expression in macrophage and neutrophils, the role of specific TLR in inducing the expression of TREM‐1 remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the presence of TLR is necessary for the expression of TREM‐1. We show that BM‐derived macrophages from TLR4 and TLR2 KO mice failed to induce expression of TREM‐1 message and protein in response to their specific ligands. Interestingly, the expression of TREM‐1 in response to LPS is not altered in myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) KO macrophages, suggesting that downstream of TLR a MyD88‐independent pathway induces the expression of TREM‐1. Inhibiting toll/IL‐1R domain‐containing adaptor‐inducing IFN‐β (TRIF) expression by siRNA decreased TREM‐1 expression in response to LPS, suggesting that the expression of TREM‐1 in response to LPS was mediated by the TRIF signaling pathway. On the other hand, the expression of TREM‐1 in response to lipoteichoic acid is dependent on MyD88 expression. These data indicate that the expression of TREM‐1 in response to TLR ligands occurs secondary to downstream signaling events and that the presence of TLR is necessary for the expression of TREM‐1 in response to their specific ligands. However, the downstream signaling required for the expression of TREM‐1 is dependent on the stimulus and the surface receptor through which the signaling is initiated.
The Tregs' world according to GARP
Authors: Battaglia Manuela , Roncarolo Maria Grazia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNaturally occurring CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (nTreg) are essential for maintaining tolerance. FOXP3 has been established as a molecular marker of nTreg; however, FOXP3 cannot be used as a reliable marker for bona fide human nTreg since effector T cells also up‐regulate FOXP3 expression upon activation. Despite the important function of nTreg, the underlying molecular mechanisms of nTreg‐mediated suppression are far from defined. Previous studies have demonstrated that the TGF‐β latency‐associated peptide (LAP) is expressed on the surface of nTreg, and that immunosuppression can be mediated by membrane TGF‐β; however, it remains unknown how LAP is bound to nTreg and what is the functional significance of its selective expression on activated nTreg. The nTreg's world may now change according to GARP, an orphan toll‐like receptor composed of leucine‐rich repeats. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study provides further demonstration that GARP is selectively expressed only in activated human nTreg and nTreg cell clones but not in activated effector T cells, confirming GARP as a bona fide nTreg marker. In addition, GARP binds directly to LAP; yet, GARP over‐expression is insufficient to induce modification of latent TGF‐β into active TGF‐β further clarifying its role in nTreg‐mediated suppression.
Highly Water‐Soluble Carbaborane‐Bridged Bis(glycophosphonates)
Authors: Stadlbauer Sven , Lönnecke Peter , Welzel Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA facile synthesis of carbaboranediyl‐bis(glycophosphonates) and corresponding phosphonothioates is presented. These compounds show extraordinarily high water solubility and low cytotoxicity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Stabilization/solidification of sand contaminated with organic compounds using regenerated activated carbon and cement
Authors: Da̧bek Lidia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe potential for neutralizing p‐chlorophenol‐ or isooctane‐contaminated sand by means of the stabilization/solidification (S/S) process using regenerated activated carbon and cement was investigated in this study. The activated carbon used was recovered from a spent activated carbon ‐Cu‐Cr‐Ag (KS‐z) catalyst by treating it with a solution of 0.05 M H2SO4 in the presence of 35 kHz ultrasound at 298 K for 60 min. The regenerated activated carbon had a specific surface area of 760 m2/g and an iodine number of 820 mg/g. It was mixed with p‐chlorophenol‐ or isooctane‐contaminated sand (in a concentration range of 0.32–1.28 and 1.3–44.3 mg/g, respectively), and then all of it was solidified with cement. The addition of 0.5% regenerated activated carbon to the sand effectively stabilizes wastes and reduces the leaching of organic contaminants from the solidified matrix to the water phase. It was also observed that the addition of activated carbon cannot be higher than 2.5% because it undesirably affects the quality of the obtained cement paste. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Clinical and molecular features in patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor or malignant rhabdoid tumor
Authors: Kordes Uwe , Gesk Stefan , Frühwald Michael Christoph , Graf Norbert , Leuschner Ivo , Hasselblatt Martin , Jeibmann Astrid , Oyen Florian , Peters Ove , Pietsch Torsten , Siebert Reiner , Schneppenheim Reinhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe SMARCB1 gene status in 50 patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and/or malignant rhabdoid tumor recruited to a German registry was prospectively analyzed with FISH and PCR. Altogether we found 40 SMARCB1 mutations in 28 patients. Two patients were positive for SMARCB1 staining at immunochemistry. Germline mutations were identified in 10 of 41 patients with CNS disease, including three large heterozygous deletions, six truncating mutations and one donor splice site mutation. No missense mutation was identified. Analysis of first degree relatives did not detect any carriers. Mutations were distributed over the SMARCB1‐gene without particular clustering. No germline mutation was found in nine patients without CNS disease. Patients with germline mutation had a lower median age at diagnosis in comparison to those without detectable germline mutation (5.5 vs. 13 months, P = 0.001), a higher rate of primary multicentric CNS disease (5/10 vs. 5/36) and synchronous or metachronous mixed CNS and extracranial disease (4/10 vs. 1/36). Two year overall survival was 0% in patients with germline mutation and 48% in those without detectable germline mutation (P < 0.001). Patients with germline mutation of SMARCB1 manifest at an early age and have a very high risk for progression which has to be considered with respect to the outcome of further treatment studies. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arteriovenous malformation in the pretragal region: Case report
Authors: Kim Kyung Soo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundArteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the extracranial region is uncommon. The most common sites are cheek, ear, nose, and forehead in order of frequency in the extracranial region. Although the external ear is the second most common site for the extracranial AVM, AVM in the pretragal region has not been reported until now.Methods and ResultsWe reported a case of AVM in the pretragal region, which was successfully removed by complete excision after preoperative selective embolization in a 32‐year‐old man. Combined superselective and particle embolization is a useful method to decrease the blood flow in the pretragal AVM.ConclusionWe successfully treated the patient for the AVM in the pretragal area by complete excision within 72 hours after the preoperative combined superselective and particle embolization. Although our case is similar to auricular AVMs in point of symptoms and treatment, this is the first case reported at this unusual site. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐1, ‐7, ‐9, ‐13, Ki‐67, and HER‐2 in epithelial‐myoepithelial salivary gland cancer
Authors: Luukkaa Heikki , Klemi Pekka , Leivo Ilmo , Mäkitie Antti A. , Irish Jonathan , Gilbert Ralph , Perez‐Ordonez Bayardo , Hirsimäki Pirkko , Vahlberg Tero , Kivisaari Atte , Kähäri Veli‐Matti , Grénman Reidar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in epithelial‐myoepithelial salivary gland carcinoma has not been studied previously.MethodsImmunohistochemistry for MMP‐1, ‐7, ‐9, ‐13, Ki‐67, and HER‐2, as well as HER‐2 gene amplification by silver enhanced in situ hybridization was performed in a series of 12 paraffin‐embedded histopathologic samples of patients from Canada and Finland.ResultsA positive MMP‐13 (p = .0022), higher MMP‐13 (p = .0274), and higher MMP‐9 (p = .0274) index (multiplication of staining intensity by percentage of the positive cells) predicted better overall survival. In disease‐specific analysis, higher MMP‐9 index (p = .0327) predicted better survival. A higher volume corrected index (VCI) of Ki‐67 (p = .0339) predicted worse disease‐specific survival. In 1 patient, HER‐2 oncogene amplification was observed.ConclusionMMPs and Ki‐67 may have prognostic impact in epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Transoral CO2 laser treatment for Tis–T3 glottic cancer: The University of Brescia experience on 595 patients
Authors: Peretti Giorgio , Piazza Cesare , Cocco Daniela , De Benedetto Luigi , Del Bon Francesca , Redaelli De Zinis Luca Oscar , Nicolai Piero 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundTransoral CO2 laser surgery has been accepted as a valuable therapeutic option for glottic cancer.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 595 patients. Five‐year overall and disease‐specific survivals, local control with laser, locoregional, regional control, and organ preservation rates were calculated. The impact of different variables was calculated by univariate analysis.ResultsOverall, disease‐specific and disease‐free survivals, local control with laser, locoregional, regional control, and organ preservation rates were 87.5%, 99%, 81.3%, 92.7%, 98.9%, 98.2%, and 97.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed a significant impact of pT category on local control with laser, organ preservation, locoregional and regional control, of endoscopic re‐treatment for positive deep surgical margins on local control with laser and organ preservation, and recurrence after endoscopic re‐treatment on local control with laser and organ preservation.ConclusionThis series confirms the good oncologic outcomes of endoscopic laser surgery for Tis, T1, and selected T2 and T3 glottic tumors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010