bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Simple Closure Alone is Adequate for Low Risk Patients with Perforated Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Lo Hung‐Chieh , Wu Shih‐Chi , Huang Hung‐Chang , Yeh Chun‐Chieh , Huang Jui‐Chien , Hsieh Chi‐Hsun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H.P.) eradication has led to a significant decline in peptic ulcer prevalence; however, the number of patients requiring surgical intervention remains relatively unchanged. Laparoscopy suture repair is the most commonly used procedure for perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). Whether omental patch adds any benefit than simple closure alone is not answered.MethodsFrom July 2007 to August 2010, patients received emergency surgeries for PPU in our department were enrolled in this study. The demographic data, disease pattern, surgical outcomes were retrospectively collected. Patients who had previous multiple operations, with profound shock, and complicated ulcers were excluded.ResultsTotally 73 patients were enrolled. 26 of them received simple closure and the other 47 received simple closure plus an omental patch. There were no difference in age, gender, ASA, Boey risk score, and incidence of co‐morbidities. The Mannheim Peritonitis index, median operation time and length of stay were not different between groups.ConclusionsIn terms of leakage rate and surgical outcome, the maneuver to cover an omental patch on the repaired PPU did not show additional advantages compared to simple closure alone. Further prospective randomized study is required to clarify the safety and feasibility of simple closure alone without buttressing an omentum patch.
Non‐Polar Lipid Components of Human Cerumen
Authors: Stránský Karel , Valterová Irena , Kofroňová Edita , Urbanová Klára , Zarevúcka Marie , Wimmer Zdeněk 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHuman cerumen was separated by column chromatography into the following groups of compounds: hydrocarbons, squalene, wax esters and cholesterol esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, free fatty alcohols, monoacylglycerols, free cholesterol, free sterols, and free hydroxy acids. The groups of compounds obtained were examined in detail by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In total, about one thousand compounds have been identified.
Les hypogonadismes hypogonadotrophiques congénitaux masculins, quelles données récentes ?
Authors: El Ansari N. 
Published: May 2011

Résumé
Les hypogonadismes hypogonadotrophiques congénitaux (HHC) sont un ensemble très hétérogène d’affections résultant d’un défaut de sécrétion des gonadotrophines hypophysaires en rapport avec un défaut de migration des neurones à GnRH ou secondaires à des anomalies organiques ou fonctionnelles de la commande hypothalamohypophysaire. Le déficit gonadotrope reste une cause rare d’hypogonadisme avec une prévalence mal précisée estimée à 1/5 000, il est responsable de manifestations cliniques en rapport avec la baisse de testostérone circulante variable en fonction de l’âge de leur expression. La classification des HHC, basée sur l’existence ou non d’anosmie, s’est enrichie ces deux dernières décennies par la découverte de nombreux gènes impliqués dans le développement et le fonctionnement de l’axe gonadotrope; cela a permis de mieux préciser les HHC et de proposer le conseil génétique dans les formes dominantes. Le but de ce travail est de faire le point sur les nouvelles connaissances qui ont permis de mieux préciser la physiopathologie et le cadre nosologique des HHC.
Echocardiography in the sepsis syndromes
Authors: Via Gabriele , Price Susanna , Storti Enrico 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Purpose of the review
Non-invasiveness and instantaneous diagnostic capability are prominent features of the use of echocardiography in critical care. Sepsis and septic shock represent complex situations where early hemodynamic assessment and support are among the keys to therapeutic success. In this review, we discuss the range of applications of echocardiography in the management of the septic patient, and propose an echocardiography-based goal-oriented hemodynamic approach to septic shock.

Recent findings
Echocardiography can play a key role in the critical septic patient management, by excluding cardiac causes for sepsis, and mostly by guiding hemodynamic management of those patients in whom sepsis reaches such a severity to jeopardize cardiovascular function. In recent years, there have been both increasing evidence and diffusion of the use of echocardiography as monitoring tool in the patients with hemodynamic compromise. Also thanks to echocardiography, the features of the well-known sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction have been better characterized. Furthermore, many of the recent echocardiographic indices of volume responsiveness have been validated in populations of septic shock patients.

Conclusion
Although not proven yet in terms of patient outcome, echocardiography can be regarded as an ideal monitoring tool in the septic patient, as it allows (a) first line differential diagnosis of shock and early recognition of sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction; (b) detection of pre-existing cardiac pathology, that yields precious information in septic shock management; (c) comprehensive hemodynamic monitoring through a systematic approach based on repeated bedside assessment; (d) integration with other monitoring devices; and (e) screening for cardiac source of sepsis.
Causes of Near Misses: Perceptions of Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Cohoon Barbara 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the near‐miss experiences of RNs working in perioperative services to understand their perception of the causes of near misses. The setting was a multi‐facility health care system in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States. The study design was descriptive, using a survey of perioperative nurses that was developed for the study. Study participants could complete up to four surveys for near misses that they personally experienced in the perioperative setting. Participants ranked six causal factors (ie, team, workload, task, staff, patient characteristics, hospital characteristics) according to the extent of that factor's contribution to the near miss. The team factor was the most frequently identified cause of near misses, with the top ranked cause as “communication between team.” Two causal factor subcategories, “inconsistent information” and “incorrect monitoring,” were predominant in the near misses reported. The findings from the study provide an understanding of perioperative nurses' near‐miss experiences and detail the frequency of near misses as well as identify types of near‐miss causes.
AORN Ergonomic Tool 3: Lifting and Holding the Patient's Legs, Arms, and Head While Prepping
Authors: Waters Thomas , Spera Patrice , Petersen Carol , Nelson Audrey , Hernandez Edward , Applegarth Shawn 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLifting the arms, legs, or head of a patient while prepping these areas for surgery can exert strong forces on the muscles and joints of the shoulders and backs of perioperative team members who perform this task, which may lead to work‐related musculoskeletal disorders. AORN Ergonomic Tool 3: Lifting and Holding the Patient's Legs, Arms, and Head While Prepping provides scientifically based determinations of the amount of weight perioperative personnel can safely lift and hold manually for up to one, two, and three minutes using one hand or both. If these weight limits are exceeded, additional staff members or assistive devices are needed to help with the task.
Eliminating Lateral Violence in the Ambulatory Setting: One Center's Strategies
Authors: Dimarino Tina J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLateral violence (eg, disruptive, disparaging, or uncivil behavior inflicted by one peer on another) creates an unpleasant work environment that can have harmful effects on individual nurses, team members, patients, and the bottom line of the health care organization. Educating nurses about the most common forms of lateral violence and strategies for handling inappropriate behavior can be the first step toward eliminating this behavior. Effective nursing leaders develop and maintain a “zero‐tolerance” culture that includes clear and concise behavioral expectations and consequences for employees who exhibit unprofessional behavior. Use of a code of conduct, open communication, and quick resolution of issues that arise are strategies that one ambulatory surgery center has used to successfully combat lateral violence in the workplace.
Endoscopically Assisted Correction of Sagittal Craniosynostosis
Authors: Brown Lesley , Proctor Mark R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCraniosynostosis is premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures of an infant's skull. Several sutures may be fused, alone or in combination. The endoscopically assisted approach to correcting craniosynostosis is an alternative to more traditional techniques, such as open‐strip craniectomy and the Pi procedure for infants younger than four months of age and the cranial vault remodeling procedure for older children. The endoscopic procedure is less invasive and decreases the time patients spend under anesthesia, the need for transfusions, and lengths of hospital stay. The endoscopic approach relies on early diagnosis and surgery because the bones of very young infants are thin and pliable, which makes it easier to cut and remove the fused suture via a minimally invasive approach. After surgery, a cranial remolding helmet is used to direct skull growth.
Clinical Issues—May 2011
Authors: Ogg Mary J. , van Wicklin Sharon A. , Blanchard Joan , Denholm Bonnie G. , Chard Robin 
Published: May 2011

This MonthFormalin storage and handlingKey words: formalin, formaldehyde, specimen handling.Immediate‐use sterilizationKey words: flash sterilization, immediate‐use sterilization.Precautions for treating patients with multidrug‐resistant organismsKey words: multidrug‐resistant organisms, MDRO, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA.Cleaning privacy curtainsKey words: environmental cleaning, privacy curtains, laundering, commercial laundry.Informed consentsKey words: surgical consent, implants, brand names, generic names.
Late Pleistocene climatic change in the French Jura (Gigny) recorded in the δ18O of phosphate from ungulate tooth enamel
Authors: Fabre Magali , Lécuyer Christophe , Brugal Jean-Philip , Amiot Romain , Fourel François , Martineau François 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOxygen isotope compositions of phosphate in tooth enamel from large mammals (i.e. horse and red deer) were measured to quantify past mean annual air temperatures and seasonal variations between 145 ka and 33 ka in eastern France. The method is based on interdependent relationships between the δ18O of apatite phosphate, environmental waters and air temperatures. Horse (Equus caballus germanicus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) remains have δ18O values that range from 14.2‰ to 17.2‰, indicating mean air temperatures between 7°C and 13°C. Oxygen isotope time series obtained from two of the six horse teeth show a sinusoidal-like signal that could have been forced by temperature variations of seasonal origin. Intra-tooth oxygen isotope variations reveal that at 145 ka, winters were colder (− 7 ± 2°C) than at present (3 ± 1°C) while summer temperatures were similar. Winter temperatures mark a well-developed West–East thermal gradient in France of about − 9°C, much stronger than the −4°C difference recorded presently. Negative winter temperatures were likely responsible for the extent and duration of the snow cover, thus limiting the food resources available for large ungulates with repercussions for Neanderthal predators.
An Arc-Shaped Debonding Crack Opened by Internal Pressure
Authors: Chao Ru-Min 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of a debonding crack at the interface between a circular fiber and an infinite matrix opened by internal pressure is discussed. We concentrated on the effect of contact near the crack tips within the content of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The Muskhelishvili complex variable method is used in this analysis. The frictionless contact crack tip condition is adopted in this study in order to avoid the oscillatory stress singularity at the crack tip as shown in the classical solution. By using the crack opening displacement gradient as the primary variable, the problem is then reduced to two coupled singular integral equations, and the final discretization of the equations employs the method given by Erdogan and Gupta (1972). The comprehensive numerical results of stress fields and the mode II SIF at the closed crack tip will be given in the paper. It is also found from the numerical evidences that the contact length at the crack tip is independent of one of the Dundurs parameters, α.
Deriving the Generalized Total Kinetic Power Equation for Jet Engine
Authors: Lee Hsing-Juin , Lee Hsing-Wei 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIn light of incessant quest of better propulsion performance, it would be opportune to probe some propulsion insights for jet engine (JE) from a power point of view. In this study, we endeavor to prescribe logic reasoning process for obtaining the JE total kinetic power and prove its degenerated counterpart. With the Lagrangian Reynolds transport approach, we also rigorously derive the highly generalized equation for this power. Moreover, the validity, significance, and importance of this novel generalized power equation are delicately demonstrated by an interesting spring/mass model with known total kinetic power. Notably, the JE total kinetic power equations are quite reasonable physically speaking, since all the velocity quantities involved are of relative nature; otherwise, the JE total kinetic power may violate the energy conservation law under certain conditions. This total kinetic power produced by jet engine involves a few more physical effects including vehicle acceleration, relative flow velocity/steadiness, inlet/exit pressures, and gravity, thus open an original route for more efficient propulsion design.
A Concept of Vertical Takeoff Two-Stage-to-Orbit Reusable Launch Vehicle with an Integral-Rocket-Ramjet Booster
Authors: Hong Z.-C. , Lee C.-C. , Tseng C.-J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReusable launch vehicles (RLV) currently envisioned incorporate a wide variety of propulsion types. Various propulsion devices have been designed, or are being designed. The Integral-Rocket-Ramjet (IRR) propulsion mainly applies to a tactical missile boost system and few have mentioned this system in RLV design. According to the technological ability of Taiwan and a feasibility study, it shows that the present reusable launch system can exploit the potential benefit of IRR propulsion for the RLV system. A conceptual study of an unmanned two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) launch vehicle is designed in this paper. The first stage of the vehicle is reusable with IRR engines. The second stage is expendable and rocket powered. The assumed mission is designed to insert a 100kg payload into a low earth circular orbit at various inclination angles. The calculations are made for the case where the TSTO system is used in Taiwan. The fundamentals of launch vehicle design are examined using simplified two-stage performance equations. Launch vehicle design is optimized when the performance and programmatic drivers are balanced. There is an acceptable set of launch and landing sites on islands off the coast of Taiwan.
An Improved Two-Load Method for Whole-Field Complete Photoelastic Fringe Analysis
Authors: Chen T. Y. , Lee H. L. , Chou Y. C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn improved two-load method for whole-field complete determination of photoelastic parameters is presented. The dark-field isoclinic images are used to determine the isoclinic angles. Using two isoclinic maps obtained from two different loads effectively compensates the indeterminable points. The use of dark-field and light-field photoelastic images for normalization extends the two-load method to analyze dark-field photoelastic fringe patterns and avoids model movement. Larger errors on the determined fringe orders are further reduced by a least-squares quadric fitting. The results are compared well to the theoretical ones. Further comparison of the improved two-load method and the two-wavelength method are given.
Explicit Expression of the Stationary Values of Young's Modulus and the Shear Modulus for Anisotropic Elastic Materials
Authors: Ting T. C. T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractExplicit expressions of the directionnand the stationary values (maximum, minimum and saddle point) of Young's modulusE(n) for orthotropic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal and cubic materials are presented. For the shear modulusG(n, m), explicit expressions of the extrema (maximum and minimum) and the two mutually orthogonal unit vectorsn, mare given for cubic and hexagonal materials. We also present a general procedure for computing the extrema ofG(n, m) for more general anisotropic elastic materials. It is shown that Young's modulusE(n) can be made as large as we wish for certainnwithout assuming that the elastic compliance s11, s22or s33is very small. As to the shear modulusG(n,m), it can be made as large as we wish for certainnandmwithout assuming that any one of the elastic compliance sαβis very small. We also show that Young's modulusE(n) can be independent ofnfor orthotropic and hexagonal materials while the shear modulusG(n, m) can be independent ofnandmfor hexagonal materials.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Reticulated Space Truss Structures
Authors: Wang C.-Y. , Wang R.-Z. , Chuang C.-C. , Wu T.-Y. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a simpler formulation for the nonlinear motion analysis of reticulated space truss structures is developed by applying a new concept of computational mechanics, named the vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE or V-5) method. The V-5 method models the analyzed domain to be composed by finite particles and the Newton's second law is applied to describe each particle's motion. By tracing the motions of all the mass particles in the space, it can simulate the large geometrical and material nonlinear changes during the motion of structure without using geometrical stiffness matrix and iterations. The analysis procedure is vastly simple, accurate, and versatile. The formulation of VFIFE type space truss element includes a new description of the kinematics that can handle large rotation and large deformation, and includes a set of deformation coordinates for each time increment used to describe the shape functions and internal nodal forces. A convected material frame and an explicit time integration scheme for the solution procedures are also adopted. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate capabilities and accuracy of the V-5 method on the nonlinear dynamic stability analysis of space truss structures.
Self-Similar Analysis on Vortex Shedding Process
Authors: Wang C.-T. , Chen C.-T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractChaos theory has been seen as an efficient tool for studying the turbulent flow, the findings of attractor were also important and made in the study to investigate the wake flow behind the bluff body. Here, the fractal dimension value would then be found by Hurst analysis. According to the results found, the Hurst empirical formula derived by the self-similar laceration of vortex plane would be applied by self-similar property to decide the band of the frequency variations in the vortex shedding process. The three kinds of flow mode with their individual attractors and characteristics could be decomposed and shown as following: self-similar laceration, energy input and white noise band. Finally, the energy ratio for the three kinds of flow mode had been confirmed. Hence, these findings would be helpful to further study the wake flow in the vortex shedding process.
Behaviors of Drained Lateral Extension for Saturated Sand and Their Applications
Authors: Yang C.-P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPractically all retaining walls may rotate, yet movements of the wall could be restricted, particularly under working conditions. Since the earth pressure on the retaining wall often deviates from the fully active state, there is a need for predicting the earth pressure at any wall movement. The shearing behavior of backfill behind the wall plays an essential role for predicting the redistributions of earth pressure for different wall movements. This paper studies 25 sets of test for analyzing the drained lateral extension behaviors of saturated Ottawa sand. Three methods are used to interpret the active state of specimens and it is found that the monotonic increasing property of the σ'cs– εrpplot obtained by using the (q')maxmethod is more obvious than those obtained by the other two methods. Where σ'csis an initial confining stress of specimen for lateral extension test, and εrpis a radial strain of specimen developed at the active state. The specimens, with the relative density between 15% ∼ 90% and with the confining stress between 80kPa ∼ 280kPa, range their values of εrpfrom −1.18% to −2.99%. The magnitude of εrpcan be used to judge the secure level of deformation for a retaining structure. Subsequently, this study derives a formula to predict the redistribution of earth pressure on a retaining wall when the wall moving outwards based on the results of those lateral extension tests. This prediction method is a new approach to study the problems of earth pressure. Comparisons of predicted results from numerical solutions technique and observations from model tests show that the performance of this method is reasonable.
Numerical Study of Turbulent Flows Over Vibrating Blades with Positive Interblade Phase Angle
Authors: Yang S.-Y. , Chen K.-H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a locally implicit scheme on unstructured dynamic meshes is presented to study transonic turbulent flows over vibrating blades with positive interblade phase angle. The unsteady Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with moving domain effects and a low- Reynolds-number k-ε turbulence model are solved in the Cartesian coordinate system. To treat the viscous flux on quadrilateral-triangular meshes, the first-order derivatives of velocity components and temperature are calculated by constructing auxiliary cells and Green's theorem for surface integration is applied. The assessment of accuracy of the present scheme on quadrilateral-triangular meshes is conducted through the calculation of the turbulent flow around an NACA 0012 airfoil. Based on the comparison with the experimental data, the accuracy of the present approach is confirmed. From the distributions of magnitude of the first harmonic dynamic pressure difference coefficient which include the present solution and the related experimental and numerical results, it is found that the present solution approach is reliable and acceptable. The unsteady pressure wave, shock wave and vortex-shedding phenomena are demonstrated and discussed.
Exergetic Efficiency Optimization for an Irreversible Carnot Heat Engine
Authors: Chang T.-B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, an exergetic efficiency optimization method that combines the concept of exergy and finite-time thermodynamic theory is developed to analyze an irreversible heat engine. With the total thermal conductance constraint, the analytical solutions of optimal allocation of thermal conductance and the corresponding maximum exergetic efficiency, thermal efficiency, as well as operating temperatures of hot and cold sides are obtained under a fixed overall heat supply rate. The results show that the exergetic efficiency optimization method can effectively analyze an irreversible heat engine.