bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sharp surface tension modeling method for two‐phase incompressible interfacial flows
Authors: Wang Zhaoyuan , Tong Albert Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA surface tension implementation algorithm for two‐phase incompressible interfacial flows is presented in this study. The surface tension effect is treated as a jump condition at the interface and incorporated into the Navier–Stokes equation via a capillary pressure gradient. The interface is tracked by a coupled level set and volume‐of‐fluid (CLSVOF) method based on the finite‐volume formulation on a fixed Eulerian grid. It has been shown in a stationary benchmark test the spurious currents are greatly reduced and the sharp pressure jump across the interface is well preserved. Numerical instabilities caused by the sharp treatment on a fixed grid are avoided. Several dynamic tests are performed to further validate the accuracy and versatility of the present method, the results of which are in good agreement with data reported in the literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the signs of forecast errors
Authors: Solferino Nazaria , Waldmann Robert 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe signs of forecast errors can be predicted using the difference between individuals' forecasts and the average of earlier forecasts of the same variable. It is possible to improve forecasts without worsening any. It is difficult to reconcile this result with the rational expectations hypothesis because the average of earlier forecasts is in the information set of the forecasters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information content of volatility spreads
Authors: Kang Byung Jin , Kim Tong Suk , Yoon Sun‐Joong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study reexamines the determinants of volatility spreads and suggests a new forecast of future volatilities. Contrary to earlier volatility forecasts, the newly introduced forecast is applicable when investors are not risk‐neutral or when underlying returns do not follow a Gaussian probability distribution. This implies that the method is consistent with the presence of risk premia for other risks such as volatility risk. Using S&P 500 index options, we show that the new volatility forecast outperforms other volatility forecasts including risk‐neutral implied volatility and historical volatility in two aspects. First, the new forecast is superior to other estimates in terms of forecasting errors for future realized volatilities. Second, it is an unbiased estimator of future realized volatilities. This is shown using an encompassing regression analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:533–558, 2010
Neural decoding of goal locations in spatial navigation in humans with fMRI
Authors: Rodriguez Paul F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe demonstrate that multivoxel pattern analysis can be used to decode place‐related information in fMRI. Subjects performed a working memory version of the Morris water maze task in a virtual environment with a single wall cue. The voxel data that corresponds to when subjects were located at the goal was extracted for seven regions implicated in spatial navigation, and then used to train a pattern classifier based on partial least squares. Using a leave‐one‐out (LOO) test procedure, goal locations at E, W, N positions (relative to the cue as S) were predicted significantly better than a naïve classifier for voxels in medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and inferior parietal cortex. Prediction with voxels from other regions involved in navigation was also better than a naïve classifier, which raises the possibility that goal‐location information is widely disseminated among the navigation network. It turns out that predictive capability of all regions combined significantly decreases, relative to no change, only when voxel data from the hippocampus is left out. This implies that the hippocampus contains some unique information that identifies goal locations, whereas other regions contain information that also identifies goal locations but is more redundant. Classification of goal locations is an important step toward decoding a variety of place‐related information in spatial navigation with fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroanatomy of creativity
Authors: Jung Rex E. , Segall Judith M. , Jeremy Bockholt H. , Flores Ranee A. , Smith Shirley M. , Chavez Robert S. , Haier Richard J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCreativity has long been a construct of interest to philosophers, psychologists and, more recently, neuroscientists. Recent efforts have focused on cognitive processes likely to be important to the manifestation of novelty and usefulness within a given social context. One such cognitive process – divergent thinking – is the process by which one extrapolates many possible answers to an initial stimulus or target data set. We sought to link well established measures of divergent thinking and creative achievement (Creative Achievement Questionnaire – CAQ) to cortical thickness in a cohort of young (23.7 ± 4.2 years), healthy subjects. Three independent judges ranked the creative products of each subject using the consensual assessment technique (Amabile, 1982) from which a “composite creativity index” (CCI) was derived. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was obtained at 1.5 Tesla Siemens scanner. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed with the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. A region within the lingual gyrus was negatively correlated with CCI; the right posterior cingulate correlated positively with the CCI. For the CAQ, lower left lateral orbitofrontal volume correlated with higher creative achievement; higher cortical thickness was related to higher scores on the CAQ in the right angular gyrus. This is the first study to link cortical thickness measures to psychometric measures of creativity. The distribution of brain regions, associated with both divergent thinking and creative achievement, suggests that cognitive control of information flow among brain areas may be critical to understanding creative cognition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Project management: The task of holistic systems thinking
Authors: Aramo‐Immonen Heli , Vanharanta Hannu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLarge national and international mega‐projects are often structured around a hierarchy of a number of interrelated projects and subprojects. This construction of a complicated and fragmented project organization forms a multiproject environment. The networked structure of a mega‐project, such as in shipbuilding or in the offshore industry, with its significant amount of boundaries between subprojects, poses a demanding task for project management. The purpose of the method designed in this research is to assist a company's management in the process of forming a comprehensive view of projects in a multiproject environment. The holistic overview of the project is formed by looking at individual subprojects from a variety of qualitative angles. This article introduces a method for the collection and analysis of qualitative information from a project organization. The application used converts the results of the operative project‐level analysis into explicit system‐level information for management guidance purposes. The method of a new qualitative project analysis uses fuzzy logic and emulation. The conceptual part of this article discusses the theoretical framework behind the application. Next, the empirical results of the implementation of the new analysis method in a project‐based enterprise are illustrated. Finally, an example of revised project guidance proposals is presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrospun scaffolds from silk fibroin and their cellular compatibility
Authors: Zhang Kuihua , Mo Xiumei , Huang Chen , He Chuanglong , Wang Hongsheng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractElectrospinning offers an attractive opportunity for producing silk fibroin (SF) nano/micro fibrous scaffolds with potential for tissue regeneration and repair. Electrospun scaffolds of silk fibroin were fabricated as a biomimetic scaffold for tissue engineering. The morphology of the electrospun scaffolds was investigated with SEM and AFM. The SEM images indicated that electrospun SF fibers were ribbon‐shaped and the average width increased with increasing SF concentrations. The AFM images revealed that, after treated with methanol, there was a groove on the surface of fiber, which is conducive to cell attachment. The structure of electrospun SF fibers was characterized by NMR, WAXD, and DSC. The results displayed that SF in electrospun fibers was present in a random coil conformation, SF conformation transformed from random coil to β‐sheet when treated with methanol. Cell attachment and proliferation studies with pig iliac endothelial cells (PIECs) demonstrated that electrospun SF scaffolds significantly promoted cell attachment and proliferation in comparison with cast SF films. These results suggest electrospun SF scaffolds may be potential candidates for cardiovascular tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Regenerative behavior of biomineral/agarose composite gels as bone grafting materials in rat cranial defects
Authors: Suzawa Yoshika , Funaki Takafumi , Watanabe Junji , Iwai Soichi , Yura Yoshiaki , Nakano Takayoshi , Umakoshi Yukichi , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the biological behavior of Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/agarose and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/agarose composite gels by an alternate soaking process used for the treatment of surgically produced bone defects in rat cranium. We designed the following four groups: (i) HAp (HAp/agarose composite gel), (ii) CaCO3 (CaCO3/agarose composite gel), (iii) Agarose (bare agarose gel), and (iv) Defect (no filling materials). We subdivided (i) (ii) (iii) into two application types as a (I) Homogenized Group (homogenized materials) and a (II) Disk Group (disk shaped materials). We assessed samples by radiological and histological analyses 0, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. The results indicated that the composite gels showed higher radiopacity in microfocus‐computed tomography (μCT) images and showed higher volume in quantitative analyses using Dual Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) than the Agarose and Defect groups. The histological examination showed characteristic images due to each application form. Consequently, HAp and CaCO3/agarose composite gels can be expected to accelerate the speed of producing more new bone associated with osteogenesis. These novel biomaterials play an important role as an alternative biocompatible and biodegradable bone grafting filler material for autogenous bone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
The effects of BMP6 overexpression on adipose stem cell chondrogenesis: Interactions with dexamethasone and exogenous growth factors
Authors: Diekman Brian O. , Estes Bradley T. , Guilak Farshid 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAdipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent progenitors that can be chondrogenically induced by growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP‐6). We hypothesized that nonviral transfection of a BMP‐6 construct (pcDNA3‐BMP6) would induce chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs encapsulated in alginate beads and that differentiation would be enhanced by the presence of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) or the combination of epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), and transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1), collectively termed expansion factors (EFs). Chondrogenesis was assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction for types I, II, and X collagen, aggrecan, and BMP6. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies for types I, II, and X collagen and chondroitin‐4‐sulfate. BMP6 overexpression alone induced a moderate chondrogenic response. The inclusion of EFs promoted robust type II collagen expression but also increased type I and X collagen deposition, consistent with a hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype. Early gene expression data indicated that DEX was synergistic with BMP‐6 for chondrogenesis, but immunohistochemistry at 28 days showed that DEX reduced glycosaminoglycan accumulation. These results suggest that chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs depends on complex interactions among various growth factors and media supplements, as well as the concentration and duration of growth factor exposure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Tissue harmonic sonography in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones: A comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography
Authors: Ripollés Tomás , Ramírez‐Fuentes Cristina , Martínez‐Pérez María J. , Delgado Fructuoso , Blanc Esther , López Antonio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPurposeTo revisit the diagnostic accuracy of sonography in the detection of choledocholithiasis using modern equipment with tissue harmonic imaging (THI) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with sphincterotomy as the gold standard.MethodsA total of 107 patients with clinically suspected choledocholithiasis were examined with THI before undergoing ERCP. The sonographic findings that were prospectively evaluated included the presence of choledocholithiasis, size of common bile duct, sonographic view and patient position that best visualized the stone(s), visualization of the distal common duct, and duration of examination. The accuracy of sonography compared with ERCP and sphincterotomy was calculated.ResultsSonography correctly detected stones in 65 of 76 patients (sensitivity of 86%). The specificity and the overall accuracy were 87% and 86%, respectively. The sensitivity of sonography was higher with dilated extrahepatic duct (44% in patients with common bile duct measuring less than 6 mm in diameter, 82% between 6 and 10 mm, and 100% with common bile duct larger than 10 mm). The lateral approach with the patient in left lateral decubitus position of the patient was the most effective in 47% of the cases.ConclusionSonography with THI is an accurate technique for the detection of choledocholithiasis that may be used as the first‐choice technique to avoid unnecessary procedures in a high percentage of patients, especially those with dilated biliary tree. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
The olfactory organ of the trout Salmo trutta fario: A novel localization for a progestin receptor
Authors: Varricchio Ettore , Coccia Elena , Putti Rosalba , Paolucci Marina 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA progestin receptor (PR) has been detected in the olfactory organ of the trout Salmo trutta fario. The specificity of this receptor was high for 17α,20β‐dihydroxy‐4‐pregnen‐3‐one (17α,20β‐DP), but it also bound 17α‐hydroxy‐progesterone (17α‐OHP) and 21‐hydroxyprogesterone (21‐OHP), even when present at low concentrations (10‐fold in relative binding affinity assay). Progesterone (P) competed effectively at much higher concentrations (1,000‐fold in relative binding affinity assay). Immunohistochemical studies carried out with three different monoclonal antibodies against human progesterone receptor (hPR), chicken progesterone receptor hinge region (cPR), and chicken progesterone receptor A/B domain (PR22), revealed that immunoreactivity was present in the epithelium of the olfactory organ of females and males of the trout Salmo trutta fario only against hPR. Western blotting showed two hPR immunoreactive bands of about 62 and 66 kDa. Finally, a portion of the cDNA of about 300 nucleotides extending over the DNA binding domain and the ligand binding domain was cloned and sequenced, revealing a high degree of sequence homology of the PR in Salmo trutta fario with the PR in other teleosts. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implication of PKC isozymes in the release of biogenic amines by mussel hemocytes: effect of PDGF, IL‐2, and LPS
Authors: Gonzalez‐Riopedre M. , Barcia R. , Ramos‐Martínez J.I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe innate immune system of marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) is operated by phagocytic cells termed hemocytes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), or platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) increase biogenic amine synthesis in these cells, and the enzymes Ca2+‐independent protein kinase C (PKC) (p105/108) and Ca2+‐dependent PKC (p60) are involved in these processes. Stimulation by PDGF induces a down‐regulation process affecting the form p108 of the Ca2+‐independent PKC. In addition, PDGF produces the increase of expression of p60 in the membrane fraction. IL‐2 induces the disappearance of p108 from the membrane but does not affect the presence of p60 in cytosol or membrane. For its part, LPS activates exclusively p60 by a down‐regulation mechanism. The ensemble of results suggests that each agonist starts a pathway that implicates the PKC isoenzymes that mediate the regulation of the activities dopa decarboxylase, dopamine β‐hydroxilase, and phenyletanolamine N‐methyltranferase, which lead to different actions related to biogenic amine synthesis. J. Exp. Zool. 311A: 727–734, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen receptor of the frog Rana rugosa: molecular cloning and its characterization
Authors: Yokoyama Satoshi , Oshima Yuki , Tokita Junpei , Suda Mari , Shinozuka Takuma , Nakamura Masahisa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe androgen receptor(AR) gene is located on the Z and W sex chromosomes in the frog Rana rugosa, designated Z‐ and W‐AR, respectively. Among various tissues of an adult frog, AR expression levels were highest in the testis and brain. In the testis, AR was expressed in germ cells. AR expression occured in developing embryos from stage 21 and was very high in the gonad of a male tadpole before the onset of sex determination. When Z‐ and W‐AR were expressed in Xenopus A6 cells, they activated androgen‐dependent transcription of a luciferase reporter gene. By contrast, estrogen receptor (ER) α and β showed no sexually dimorphic expression during sex determination, but their expressions became much higher in the gonad of a female tadpole after sex determination. In addition, AR transcripts in the ZZ‐tadpoles were twice as abundant as in the ZW genotype. In contrast, W‐AR expression was extremely low although when W‐AR was expressed in A6 cells, it activated transcription in the luciferase assay. In this regard it is worth noting that the promoter regions of Z‐ and W‐AR are not identical. The results suggest that Z‐AR plays an important role in the testis formation in a R. rugosa tadpole, whereas ERβ is involved in ovary differentiation. Very low expression of W‐AR may be due to its promoter region having mutations in key transcription factor binding sites, although these remain to be identified. Thus, it is proposed that AR could be a candidate for a male‐determining gene in R. rugosa. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:796–812, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. [This article was published online on 23 June 2009. An error was subsequently identified and the article was corrected on 8 September 2009.]
Sublethal effects of invasive fire ant venom on a native lizard
Authors: Boronow Katherine E. , Langkilde Tracy 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInvasive species can impose novel selection pressures on natives, such as toxins to which native taxa are not adapted. Native species may survive such invasions by evolving mechanisms to avoid toxin exposure or increase toxin tolerance. Red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) employ an alkaloid‐based venom to defend their colonies and capture prey. In this study we aim to characterize the sublethal effects of invasive fire ant venom on a native vertebrate, the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), and to determine whether lizard populations that have been exposed to these fire ants for ∼35 generations have increased physiological resistance to the venom. We documented the sublethal impact of fire ant venom on fence lizard performance by naturally exposing lizards to fire ant stings and recording changes in three fitness‐relevant measures: bite force, righting ability, and sprint speed. We also measured blood hemolysis induced by the venom. To test for the development of physiological resistance to fire ant venom we compared whole‐body performance and hemolysis for two populations of lizards with different fire ant invasion histories. Fire ant venom showed no dosage‐dependent sublethal effects on performance. In addition, there is no evidence that lizards have evolved increased physiological resistance: the impact of fire ant venom on whole‐body performance and hemolysis did not differ between the naïve and experienced populations. Lizards may instead rely on adaptive shifts in escape behavior and morphology following invasion to survive fire ant attack.J. Exp. Zool. 313A:17–23, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of diploid gynogenesis in Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) using UV‐irradiated grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) sperm
Authors: Fopp‐Bayat Dorota 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article describes the first successful induction of meiotic gynogenesis in Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) using heterologous sperm of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with DNA inactivated by means of UV‐irradiation at 4800 J/m2. The cold shock at 6°C (duration of 20 min) started in the nineth minute after fertilization was found as efficient in retaining the second polar body and producing meiotic diploids. Successful induction of meiotic gynogenesis was confirmed by the microsatellite DNA analysis, which revealed only maternal inheritance in gynogenetic offspring. Ploidy of gynogenetic offspring was verified by the application of active nucleoli counting analysis. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:24–27, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The usual and the unusual suspects: level of suspicion and counter‐interrogation tactics
Authors: Granhag Pär Anders , Clemens Franziska , Strömwall Leif A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe present study investigated guilty mock‐suspects' counter‐interrogation tactics with respect to the disclosure of possibly self‐incriminating information, specifically, to what extent the disclosure of this information was moderated by (1) the suspects' criminal experience (naïve versus experienced) and (2) the degree of suspicion directed towards the suspects (low versus high). We found that experienced (versus naïve) suspects volunteered less self‐incriminating information in an initial free recall phase. In a similar vein, when asked crime‐specific questions, naïve (versus experienced) suspects admitted having committed more actions fitting with the crime under investigation. Furthermore, experienced suspects' willingness to report information was not affected by the degree of suspicion, whereas naïve suspects in a high‐suspicion (versus low‐suspicion) condition were more willing to report information. The results were discussed in the light of the psychology of guilt, the Strategic Use of Evidence technique for detecting deception, and the (over)use of naïve suspects as mock‐suspects in psycho‐legal research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.