bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference values for echocardiographic measurements of healthy newborns
Authors: Güzeltaş Alper , Eroğlu Ayşe Güler 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reference values of M-mode echocardiographic measurements in healthy newborns according to body weight.MethodsFrom January, 2008 to June, 2008, a total of 250 – 130 female and 120 male – term healthy newborns were included in the study. M-mode echocardiographic measurements were recorded by a paediatric cardiologist in accordance with the American Society of Echocardiography recommendations. Right ventricular anterior wall end-diastolic thickness, right ventricular end-diastolic diameter, interventricular septum end-diastolic thickness, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness, interventricular septum end-systolic thickness, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic thickness, aortic root dimension, left atrium dimension, left ventricular ejection, and shortening fraction were measured.ResultsThe values of echocardiographic measurements revealed a good correlation with body weight. When body weight increased, the measured values also increased in parallel. The measured values were not influenced by gender. Ejection and shortening fraction parameters did not change with body weight and gender.ConclusionIn this study, normative values related to body weight for cardiac chambers and wall thickness were determined in healthy newborns. These reference values can be used to evaluate whether newborns have normal or abnormal echocardiographic measurement.
Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography to evaluate surgical removal of subaortic membrane
Authors: Séguéla Pierre-Emmanuel , Alacoque Xavier , Acar Philippe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTransoesophageal echocardiography is a useful tool for the intra-operative assessment of surgical repair in children with congenital cardiac malformations. We report the case of a subaortic membrane removal in a nine-year-old boy. Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography revealed a mitral perforation created during the procedure.
Weight, Length, and Growth in Cutbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss x clarkii)
Authors: Parker David , Avers Thomas , Courtney Michael 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Background:
The cutbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss x clarkii) is a fertile hybrid of rainbow and cutthroat trout. Little published length-weight data is available for this hybrid, and a standard weight curve is not established. Eleven Mile Reservoir is a clear mountain reservior in Colorado with a surface area of 13.4 square kilometers, an average depth of 10 m, and a maximum depth of 41 m. 80,000 cutbow trout were stocked through the ice in late winter before samples were taken.

Materials and Methods:
Angling provided 171 samples which were weighed and measured (total length and fork length). Dressed weight was also determined with the scales, head, and entrails removed. Estimates of parameters a and b in the model, W(L) = aLb, were obtained by both linear least-squares (LLS) regression (log(W) = log(a) + b log(L)) and non-linear least-squares (NLLS) regression, where W is weight in kg and L is length in cm. Parameter estimates of an improved model, W(L) = (L/L1)b, were also determined by NLLS regression; the parameter L1 is the typical length of a fish weighing 1 kg. The resulting best-fit parameters, parameter standard errors, and covariances are compared between the two models. Average weight and length are considered for each month from June through October to estimate growth rates for fish stocked over the winter. Standard weights (relative to the rainbow trout and cutthroat trout standard weight curves) are also determined, along with the ratio of total length to fork length and typical dressed weight percentage.

Results:
The improved model parameter estimates were b = 2.662 and L1 = 45.32 cm, with correlation coefficient r = 0.969. From June to October, mean relative weight decreased from 101.5% to 93.6% relative to the rainbow trout standard weight and 114.5% to 103.2% relative to the cutthroat trout standard weight as mean total lengths increased from 34.4 cm to 41.9 cm and the mean weights increased from 0.505 kg to 0.830 kg. Typical dressed weight is 71% of the total weight.Conclusion: Eleven mile reservoir is an excellent trout fishery, capable of producing large numbers of cutbow trout in good condition. The cutbow trout is well suited to this kind of mountain reservoir and grows fast. As might be expected, the weights of cutbow trout of a given length tend to fall between the standard weights of the rainbow and the cutthroat. For the season, the average relative weight was 97.0% relative to the rainbow trout, and 108.3% relative to cutthroat trout.
Comment on "Embryological evidence identifies wing digits in birds as digits 1, 2, and 3."
Authors: Xu Xing , Choiniere Jonah , Sullivan Corwin , Han Fenglu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTamura et al. (Science, 11 Febuary 2011, p. 753) claim that the three avian wing digits should be identified as digits I-III based on new embryological data and suggest that these identifications help to remove the conflict between the paleontological data and developmental data concerning the homology of the avian digits. However, their results are not novel, and the authors fail to address the critical problems relating to this interesting issue.
SBGN-ED – working with the Systems Biology Graphical Notation
Authors: Czauderna Tobias , Schreiber Falk 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Systems Biology Graphical Notation - SBGN [1] provides a standard for the visual representation of biochemical and cellular processes. SBGN aims to improve information exchange and to support the collaborative creation of large maps based on individual modules. The language contains three views of biological processes covering different levels of detail:(1) Process Description (PD): this sublanguage provides a detailed presentation of the temporal dependencies of biological interactions in a network;(2) Entity Relationship (ER): this sublanguage displays the relationships in which a given entity can participate in a network; and(3) Activity Flow (AF): this sublanguage shows the flow of information between biological entities in an abstract way.SBGN aims to support a more efficient and accurate communication of biological knowledge between different research communities. However, to increase its usage, tools for editing, validating, layouting and translating SBGN maps are desirable.We present novel developments in SBGN-ED [2], a tool which allows the creation of all three types of SBGN maps from scratch or the editing of existing maps, the validation of these maps for syntactical and semantical correctness, the translation of networks from databases such as KEGG into SBGN and the export of SBGN maps into several file and image formats. SBGN-ED is based on the Vanted system [3] for the integration, analysis and visualisation of experimental data within biological networks and functional hierarchies. We furthermore present some applications based on SBGN-ED such as RIMAS [4].SBGN-ED is freely available from http://www.sbgn-ed.org. The web site contains also tutorials and example files.[1] N. Le Novère et al. (2009) The systems biology graphical notation. Nature Biotechnology, 27: 735–741.[2] B.H. Junker, C. Klukas and F. Schreiber (2006) VANTED: a system for advanced data analysis and visualization in the context of biological networks. BMC Bioinformatics, 7: 109.1–109.13.[3] T. Czauderna, C. Klukas and F. Schreiber (2010) Editing, validating, and translating of SBGN maps. Bioinformatics, 26(18): 2340-2341.[3] A. Junker, A. Hartmann, F. Schreiber, H. Bäumlein (2010) An engineers view on regulation of seed development. Trends in Plant Science 15(6): 303-307.
Nonadiabatic quantum dynamics of C(1D)+H2→CH+H: Coupled-channel calculations including Renner-Teller and Coriolis terms
Authors: Defazio Paolo , Bussery-Honvault Béatrice , Honvault Pascal , Petrongolo Carlo 
Published: September 2011

The Renner-Teller (RT) coupled-channel dynamics for the ${\rm C}( {{}^1D} )+{\rm H}_{\rm 2} ( {X{}^{\rm 1}{\rm \Sigma }_g^ + } ) \to {\rm CH}( {X^2 \Pi } )\break + {\rm H}( {{}^2S} )$C(D1)+H2(XΣg+1)→ CH (X2Π)+H(S2) reaction has been investigated for the first time, considering the first two singlet states $\tilde a{}^1A^{\rm \prime }$ã1A′ and $\tilde b{}^1A^{\prime \prime }$b̃1A′′ of CH2 dissociating into the products and RT couplings, evaluated through the ab initio matrix elements of the electronic angular momentum. We have obtained initial-state-resolved probabilities, cross sections and thermal rate constants via the real wavepacket method for both coupled electronic states. In contrast to the ${\rm N}( {{}^2D} ) + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} ( {X{}^{\rm 1}{\rm \Sigma }_g^ + } )$N(D2)+H2(XΣg+1) system, RT effects tend to reduce probabilities, cross sections, and rate constants in the low energy range compared to Born-Oppenheimer (BO) ones, due to the presence of a repulsive RT barrier in the effective potentials and to long-lived resonances. Furthermore, contrary to BO results, the rate constants have a positive temperature dependence in the 100–400 K range. The two-state RT rate constant at 300 K, lower than the BO one, remains inside the error bars of the experimental value.
Visuo-Spatial Processing in Working Memory
Authors: Logie Robert H. 
Published: September 2011

This paper reports four experiments designed to develop a simple technique for the study of visuo-spatial processing within the working memory framework (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974). Experiment 1 involved the matching of successively presented random matrix patterns, as a secondary visual suppression task. This was coupled with rote rehearsal or a visual imagery mnemonic for learning lists of concrete words presented auditorily. Although memory performance with matching dropped overall, the visual mnemonic was differentially affected. Experiment 2 removed the matching decision, with visual presentation of unattended patterns. There was no overall effect of the unattended material, but use of the visual mnemonic was significantly affected. Experiment 3 replicated this result with simpler plain coloured squares as the unattended material. In Experiment 4, for one group, the unattended material consisted of line drawings of common objects. For a second group, the lists of words for recall were presented visually, with or without unattended speech. The results suggested that unattended pictures disrupt use of a visual mnemonic, while unattended speech disrupts rote rehearsal. These results suggest that unattended visual material has privileged access to the mechanism(s) involved in short-term visuo-spatial processing and storage. They also suggest that use of a concurrent visual matching task or of unattended visual material may provide tractable techniques for investigating this aspect of cognitive function within the context of working memory.
Naming and Categorizing Faces and Written Names
Authors: Young Andrew W. , McWeeny Kathryn H. , Ellis Andrew W. , Hay Dennis C. 
Published: September 2011

In naming and categorization tasks, subjects were able to name aloud written names faster than photographs of faces, but were usually able to classify faces on familiarity (Experiment 1) or occupation (Experiments 2, 3 and 4) faster than written names. Faces were categorized faster than they were named, but written names were named faster than they could be categorized. Experiment 5 showed that familiar names were named more quickly than “rearranged” names made by exchanging the first and second names of familiar people. This pattern of findings is consistent with the view that faces can only access name (phonological) codes via an intervening semantic representation, whereas written names can access semantic and name codes in parallel. In this respect, faces show properties similar to those of other visual objects, despite a priori reasons why this might not have been expected to be the case.
Bilingual Lexical Representation: The Status of Spanish-English Cognates
Authors: Cristoffanini Paula , Kirsner Kim , Milech Dan 
Published: September 2011

Two experiments were conducted to determine the functional status of cognates. Two hypotheses were considered. According to the first hypothesis, language is a critical feature governing lexical organization, and cognates may therefore be equated with morphologically unrelated translations. According to a second hypothesis, however, language is not a critical feature governing lexical organization. Instead, the boundaries between perceptual categories are determined by morphological considerations, and cognates may therefore be equated with intra-lingual variations such as inflections and derivations. If the first hypothesis is correct, cognate performance should follow that observed for translations, but if the second hypothesis is correct, cognate performance should follow that observed for inflections and derivations. The experiments used different procedures in order to discount taskspecific explanations. The first experiment involved repetition priming in a lexical decision task, and emphasis was placed on relative priming; that is, on the amount of facilitation which occurs when, for example, OBEDIENCIA primes OBEDIENCE, expressed as a fraction of the amount of facilitation that occurs when the same word is presented on each occasion (i.e., when OBEDIENCE is used to prime OBEDIENCE). The second experiment tested memory for language. Four types of cognates were tested. These were: orthographically identical cognates, regular cognates with cion/tion substitution, regular cognates with dad/ty substitution, and irregularly derived cognates. The results were unequivocal. The priming values observed previously for cognates were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those observed for inflections and derivations, and this classification was confirmed in the second experiment, involving memory for language. The results are consistent with the general proposition that morphology rather than language governs the boundaries between perceptual categories, and a number of specific explanations are reviewed.
Activation and Elaboration Effects in Recognition and Word Priming
Authors: Mandler George , Graf Peter , Kraft Dolores 
Published: September 2011

Two experiments investigated the effect of direct and indirect activation on subsequent accessibility to individual items. In the first experiment, words were semantically processed in the context of either phonologically (rhyming) or conceptually (categorical) related words and tested subsequently for recognition and word completion. On the completion test the initial three letters of a word are presented for completion. The previously presented target word is one of several possible completions. The presence of different contexts had no differential effect either on recognition memory—which persisted at high levels for two days—or on completion—which decayed in the course of about 15 min. In the second experiment, the contexts were presented but the target words were not. Thus the rhyming and categorical contexts were directly activated but not the actual words that were scored on the subsequent tests. Prior activation of phonologically similar items affected both recognition and completion performance on immediate testing, but not after 10 min. Conceptual activation affected only recognition—an effect that lasted for a period of days. Completion performance demonstrates access to the integration component of recognition. The results were compared with attempts to demonstrate independence of recognition and completion.
The Uses of Short-Term Memory: A Case Study
Authors: Butterworth Brian , Campbell Ruth , Howard David 
Published: September 2011

It has been widely claimed that the systems employed in tasks of immediate memory have a function in the comprehension of speech; these systems, it has been proposed, are used to hold a representation of the speech until a syntactic analysis and interpretation have been completed. Such a holding function is meant to be especially important where the sentences heard are long or complex. It has thus been predicted that subjects with impaired short-term memory performance would show deficits in comprehension of such materials. In this study, one subject with impaired phonological processing and a severely reduced digit span was tested on a range of tasks requiring the syntactic analysis, memory and comprehension of long and complex material. She was found to be unimpaired on syntactic analysis and comprehension, but not on sentence repetition. The implications for models of short-term memory are discussed.
Clinical and genetic spectrum of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy
Authors: Garone Caterina , Tadesse Saba , Hirano Michio 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy is a rare multisystemic autosomic recessive disorder characterized by: onset typically before the age of 30 years; ptosis; progressive external ophthalmoplegia; gastrointestinal dysmotility; cachexia; peripheral neuropathy; and leucoencephalopathy. The disease is caused by mutations in the TYMP gene encoding thymidine phosphorylasethymine phosphorylase. Anecdotal reports suggest that allogeneic haematopoetic stem cell transplantation may be beneficial for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy, but is associated with a high mortality. After selecting patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy and had severe thymidine phosphorylase deficiency in the buffy coat (&lt;10% of normal activity), we reviewed their medical records and laboratory studies. We identified 102 patients (50 females) with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy and an average age of 32.4 years (range 11–59 years). We found 20 novel TYMP mutations. The average age-at-onset was 17.9 years (range 5 months to 35 years); however, the majority of patients reported the first symptoms before the age of 12 years. The patient distribution suggests a relatively high prevalence in Europeans, while the mutation distribution suggests founder effects for a few mutations, such as c.866A&gt;G in Europe and c.518T&gt;G in the Dominican Republic, that could guide genetic screening in each location. Although the sequence of clinical manifestations in the disease varied, half of the patients initially had gastrointestinal symptoms. We confirmed anecdotal reports of intra- and inter-familial clinical variability and absence of genotype–phenotype correlation in the disease, suggesting genetic modifiers, environmental factors or both contribute to disease manifestations. Acute medical events such as infections often provoked worsening of symptoms, suggesting that careful monitoring and early treatment of intercurrent illnesses may be beneficial. We observed endocrine/exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which had not previously been reported. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significant mortality between the ages of 20 and 40 years due to infectious or metabolic complications. Despite increasing awareness of this illness, a high proportion of patients had been misdiagnosed. Early and accurate diagnosis of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy, together with timely treatment of acute intercurrent illnesses, may retard disease progression and increase the number of patients eligible for allogeneic haematopoetic stem cell transplantation.
A not‐so‐rare form of heart failure in urban black Africans: pathways to right heart failure in the Heart of Soweto Study cohort
Authors: Stewart Simon , Mocumbi Ana O. , Carrington Melinda J. , Pretorius Sandra , Burton Rosie , Sliwa Karen 
Published: September 2011

AimsPreliminary data suggest that right heart failure (RHF) may be more common in urban Africans than first suspected. We examined the characteristics and pathways to RHF in the Heart of Soweto cohort.Methods and resultsA clinical registry captured data from 5328 de novo presentations of heart disease to the Cardiology Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, South Africa during 2006–08. Of 2505 cases of HF (47% of total cohort), 697 (28%) were diagnosed with RHF (50% primary diagnosis). Despite more females than males (379 vs. 318 cases), proportionately more men presented with RHF [15 vs. 12% of cases; odds ratios (OR) 1.27, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.08–1.49] and Africans predominated overall (n= 642, 92%). Apart from concurrent left‐sided heart disease (213 cases, 31%) there were many pathways to RHF including chronic lung disease (179 cases, 26% including COPD and tuberculosis) and 141 cases (20%) of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). On an adjusted basis, women were almost two‐fold more likely to present with PAH (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.17–2.55; P= 0.006) while those with low levels of education (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47–1.01; P= 0.054) and originating from Soweto (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.96; P= 0.029) were less likely to present with PAH compared with the rest of the cohort.ConclusionThese data suggest cases of RHF and related PAH are relatively common among urban Africans presenting with de novo heart disease.
First Report of Peach latent mosaic viroid in Peach Trees in Montenegro
Authors: Pleško I. Mavric , Marn M. Viršcek , Miladinovic Z. , Zindovic J. 
Published: September 2011

Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) are known to infect stone fruit species worldwide. The viroid infection can be latent or induce a variety of disease symptoms. Stone fruit samples were collected in Montenegro for a Plum pox virus (PPV) survey in 2007. Thirteen samples infected with PPV, taken from 12-year-old peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, cv. Elegant Lady) in the area of Cemovsko field, were tested for the presence of PLMVd and HSVd by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Mild or severe mosaic, chlorotic rings, and fruit deformations were observed on some trees. Total RNA was extracted from all samples with a RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA) and RT-PCR was performed. Samples were tested for HSVd and PLMVd infection using primer pairs RF-43/RF-44 for PLMVd (1) and VP-19/VP-20 for HSVd (2). Amplification products of approximately 348 bp were obtained from nine samples with PLMVd primers. Amplification products from seven samples were successfully cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and used for transformation of Escherichia coli. At least four clones of each sample were sequenced. Obtained sequences were 337 and 338 nucleotides long and shared 90.3 to 100% identity. Consensus sequences of each sample were deposited in GenBank under Accession Nos. JF927892–JF927898. They showed 92.6 to 97.9% identity among each other, 94 to 98% identity with the PLMVd isolate G sequence (Accession No. EF591868) and 91.8 to 94.4% identity with PLMVd sequence M83545. HSVd was not detected in analyzed samples. PLMVd infections were found on peach trees in an area where approximately 40% of the peach production is located. Therefore, PLMVd infections can pose a threat to peach production in Montenegro. To our knowledge this is the first report of PLMVd infection of peach in Montenegro. References: (1) S. Ambrós et al. J. Virol. 72:7397, 1998. (2) S. A. Kofalvi et al. J. Gen. Virol. 78:3177, 1997.