bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisakis pegreffii-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness Is Mediated by Gamma Interferon in the Absence of Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha Responsiveness
Authors: Kirstein Frank , Horsnell William G. C. , Nieuwenhuizen Natalie , Ryffel Bernhard , Lopata Andreas L. , Brombacher Frank 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTInfection with the fish parasiteAnisakisfollowing exposure to contaminated fish can lead to allergic reactions in humans. The present study examined the immunological mechanisms underlying the development of allergic airway inflammation in mice after different routes of sensitization toAnisakis. Wild-type and interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα)-deficient BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with live or heat-killedAnisakislarvae or by intranasal administration of anAnisakisextract and were subsequently challenged intranasally with anAnisakisextract. Both routes of sensitization induced IL-4Rα-dependent allergic airway responses, whereas allergen-specific antibody responses developed only when mice were sensitized intraperitoneally. Intranasal sensitization induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in wild-type mice only, showing that AHR was IL-4/IL-13 dependent. Unexpectedly, infection withAnisakislarvae induced AHR in both wild-type and IL-4Rα-deficient mice. IL-4Rα-independent AHR was mediated by gamma interferon (IFN-γ), as evidenced by the fact thatin vivoneutralization of IFN-γ abrogated AHR. Together, these results demonstrate that both infection with larvae and inhalational exposure toAnisakisproteins are potent routes of allergic sensitization toAnisakis, explaining food- and work-related allergies in humans. Importantly for diagnosis, allergic airway inflammation can be independent of detectableAnisakis-specific antibodies. Moreover, depending on the route of sensitization, AHR can be induced either by IL-4/IL-13 or by IFN-γ.
Indirect Pathogenicity of
Haemophilus influenzae
and
Moraxella catarrhalis
in Polymicrobial Otitis Media Occurs via Interspecies Quorum Signaling
Authors: Armbruster Chelsie E. , Hong Wenzhou , Pang Bing , Weimer Kristin E. D. , Juneau Richard A. , Turner James , Swords W. Edward 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Otitis media (OM) is among the leading diseases of childhood and is caused by opportunists that reside within the nasopharynx, such as
Haemophilus influenzae
and
Moraxella catarrhalis
. As with most airway infections, it is now clear that OM infections involve multiple organisms. This study addresses the hypothesis that polymicrobial infection alters the course, severity, and/or treatability of OM disease. The results clearly show that coinfection with
H.

influenzae
and
M. catarrhalis
promotes the increased resistance of biofilms to antibiotics and host clearance. Using
H. influenzae
mutants with known biofilm defects, these phenotypes were shown to relate to biofilm maturation and autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum signaling. In support of the latter mechanism, chemically synthesized AI-2 (dihydroxypentanedione [DPD]) promoted increased
M. catarrhalis
biofilm formation and resistance to antibiotics. In the chinchilla infection model of OM, polymicrobial infection promoted
M. catarrhalis
persistence beyond the levels seen in animals infected with
M. catarrhalis
alone. Notably, no such enhancement of
M. catarrhalis
persistence was observed in animals infected with
M.

catarrhalis
and a quorum signaling-deficient
H. influenzae luxS
mutant strain. We thus conclude that
H. influenzae
promotes
M. catarrhalis
persistence within polymicrobial biofilms via interspecies quorum signaling. AI-2 may therefore represent an ideal target for disruption of chronic polymicrobial infections. Moreover, these results strongly imply that successful vaccination against the unencapsulated
H. influenzae
strains that cause airway infections may also significantly impact chronic
M. catarrhalis
disease by removing a reservoir of the AI-2 signal that promotes
M. catarrhalis
persistence within biofilm.

IMPORTANCE
Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common childhood infections and is a leading reason for antibiotic prescriptions to children. Chronic and recurrent OM involves persistence of bacteria within biofilm communities, a state in which they are highly resistant to immune clearance and antibiotic treatment. While it is clear that most of these infections involve multiple species, the vast majority of knowledge about OM infections has been derived from work involving single bacterial species. There is a pressing need for better understanding of the impact of polymicrobial infection on the course, severity, and treatability of OM disease. In this study, we show that communication between bacterial species promotes bacterial persistence and resistance to antibiotics, which are important considerations in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of OM. Moreover, the results of this study indicate that successful preventive measures against
H. influenzae
could reduce the levels of disease caused by
M. catarrhalis
.
Mineralogical, geochronological, and geochemical characterization of Early Devonian aquamarine-bearing dykes of the Zealand Station beryl and molybdenite deposit, west central New Brunswick
Authors: Beal Kristy-Lee , Lentz David R. , Hall Douglas C. , Dunning Gregory 
Published: July 2010

The Zealand Station beryl (aquamarine) and molybdenite deposit is located 25 km northwest of Fredericton, New Brunswick, along the northeastern cusp of the Hawkshaw Granite, previously dated at 411 ± 1 Ma (U–Pb titanite), of the multiphase Devonian Pokiok Batholith. A late-stage, southeast-trending, pegmatite–aplite dyke has abundant aquamarine associated with pegmatitic sections. An exposure of a pegmatitic dyke is predominantly quartz and K-feldspar that exhibits a border, intermediate, and core zone. The main pegmatite–aplite dyke has been dated at 400.5 ± 1.2 Ma using U–Pb thermal ionization mass spectrometry on magmatic zircon. This is consistent with the 404 ± 8 Ma age using the chemical U–Th – total Pb isochron method from the pegmatitic beryl-rich section. These ages link these pegmatitic to aplitic dykes to the Allandale Granite, which is the youngest (402 ± 1 Ma by U–Pb on monazite) and most evolved phase of the Pokiok Batholith. The granitic aplite and pegmatite dyke samples are predominantly magnesian with one pegmatite sample being ferroan (FeOt/(FeOt +MgO) = 0.64–0.94); the samples are slightly potassic and calc-alkaline with strong peraluminosity (A/CNK = 1.23–4.76). The various phases of dykes were derived from magma with crustal A-type source characteristics similar to the Allandale Granite. The Sm–Nd isotope values for the aplite dyke (εNd(400) = –2.15) and the Allandale Granite (εNd(400) = –1.6) reflect some assimilation of metasediments relative to other phases of the Pokiok Batholith. The pegmatite and aplite dykes are high-level, rare-earth element pegmatite phases (Nb–Y–F-type) with some Li–Cs–Ta-type characteristics.
Sensitivity of pH in a boreal stream network to a potential decrease in base cations caused by forest harvest
Authors: Ågren Anneli , Buffam Ishi , Bishop Kevin , Laudon Hjalmar 
Published: July 2010

Increased forest harvest with more whole-tree utilization can decrease base cations (BC) in soils and stream runoff. This paper analyses how reducing stream BC changes the capacity of a boreal stream network to buffer pH changes. We estimated change in stream pH during spring snowmelt in 60 locations throughout a 68 km2 boreal catchment in northern Sweden with different scenarios of BC removal from stream water ranging from 10 to 50 µequiv.·L–1. The pH decreased in all scenarios, and if BC decreased by 50 µequiv.·L–1, stream length with pH above the acid threshold pH 5 during spring snowmelt decreased from 82% to 44% of the stream network, whereas the stream length with pH above 5.5 decreased from 60% to 10%. The pH sensitivity of different stream reaches to reductions in BC was positively related to the slope of the catchment, forest cover, and forested mires, whereas it was negatively related to the percentage of agricultural fields. Because the long-term effect of different forestry practices on stream BC is unclear, there is all the more reason to evaluate BC sensitivity before, rather than after, eventual problems arise.
Organocatalysis in the stereoselective bromohydrin reaction of alkenes
Authors: Bar Sukanta 
Published: July 2010

An efficient regio- and stereo-selective (>99:1) trans-bromohydrination (bromohydroxylation and bromomethoxylation) of alkenes including α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) has been achieved by using 1.0 mol% of N,N′-diarylthiourea catalyst.
Radiolysis of supercritical water at 400 °C and liquid-like densities near 0.5 g/cm3 — A Monte Carlo calculation
Authors: Meesungnoen Jintana , Guzonas David , Jay-Gerin Jean-Paul 
Published: July 2010

Monte Carlo simulations are used to calculate the primary radical yields [Formula: see text], g(•OH), the sum [[Formula: see text] + g(•OH) + g(H•)], and the ratio g(H•)/[Formula: see text] in the low linear energy transfer (LET) radiolysis of supercritical water (SCW) at 400 °C in the high-density, liquid-like region near ∼0.5 g/cm3. Using all the currently available information on the reactivities and diffusion coefficients of the radiation-induced species under these conditions, and assuming the aqueous medium to be a “continuum”, a good accord is found between our calculations and the available experimental data. In particular, our computed [Formula: see text] yields at 60 ps and 1 ns compare very well with recently reported direct time-dependent [Formula: see text] yield measurements in SCW (D2O) at 400 °C and 0.570 g/cm3 using picosecond pulse radiolysis experiments.
Approximate Endpoints for Set-Valued Contractions in Metric Spaces
Authors: Hussain N , Amini-Harandi A , Cho YJ 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe existence of approximate fixed points and approximate endpoints of the multivalued almost "Equation missing"-contractions is established. We also develop quantitative estimates of the sets of approximate fixed points and approximate endpoints for multivalued almost "Equation missing"-contractions. The proved results unify and improve recent results of Amini-Harandi (2010), M. Berinde and V. Berinde (2007), Ćirić (2009), M. Păcurar and R. V. Păcurar (2007) and many others.
Identification of Differentially Methylated Genes in Normal Prostate Tissues from African American and Caucasian Men
Authors: Kwabi-Addo Bernard , Wang Songping , Chung Woonbok , Jelinek Jaroslav , Patierno Steven R. , Wang Bi-Dar , Andrawis Ramez , Lee Norman H. , Apprey Victor , Issa Jean-Pierre , Ittmann Michael 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Aberrant DNA methylation changes are common somatic alterations in prostate carcinogenesis. We examined the methylation status of six genes in prostate tissue specimens from African American (AA) and Caucasian (Cau) males.
Experimental Design: We used pyrosequencing to quantitatively measure the methylation status of GSTP1, AR, RARβ2, SPARC, TIMP3, and NKX2-5. Real-time PCR was used to determine gene expression, and gene reactivation was analyzed by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin A treatment.
Results: Statistical analysis showed significantly higher methylation in the prostate cancer tissue samples in comparison with matched normal samples for GSTP1 (P = 0.0001 for AA; P = 0.0008 for Cau), RARβ2 (P &lt; 0.001 for AA and Cau), SPARC (P &lt; 0.0001 for AA and Cau), TIMP3 (P &lt; 0.0001 for AA and Cau), and NKX2-5 (P &lt; 0.0001 for AA; P = 0.003 for Cau). Overall, we observed significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) in the methylation level for all genes, except GSTP1, in the AA samples in comparison with the Cau samples. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed significantly higher methylation for NKX2-5 (P = 0.008) and TIMP3 (P = 0.039) in normal prostate tissue samples from AA in comparison with Cau, and a statistically significant association of methylation with age for NKX2-5 (P = 0.03) after adjusting for race.
Conclusion: Our findings show higher methylation of several genes in prostate tissue samples from AA in comparison with Cau and may potentially contribute to the racial differences that are observed in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Clin Cancer Res; 16(14); 3539–47. ©2010 AACR.
Metronomic Gemcitabine in Combination with Sunitinib Inhibits Multisite Metastasis and Increases Survival in an Orthotopic Model of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tran Cao Hop S. , Bouvet Michael , Kaushal Sharmeela , Keleman Alex , Romney Eric , Kim Ginna , Fruehauf John , Imagawa David K. , Hoffman Robert M. , Katz Matthew H.G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy suppresses growth of primary tumors and established metastases. However, its effect on metastatic progression is essentially unknown. We report the treatment of a metastatically competent model of pancreatic cancer with metronomic gemcitabine and sunitinib. Mice with orthotopic, red fluorescent protein-expressing, pancreatic cancer tumorgrafts were treated with gemcitabine on a metronomic (1 mg/kg daily, METG) or maximum tolerated dose (150 mg/kg twice weekly, MTDG) schedule with or without sunitinib (SU). Rates of primary tumor growth, metastasis, ascites, and survival were calculated. Gemcitabine at a daily dose of 2 mg or greater led to toxicity within 1 month in mice without tumors but METG at 1 mg/kg/d was well tolerated. Mice with pancreatic cancer tumorgrafts died with metastatic disease at a median of 25 days. METG/SU significantly prolonged median overall survival (44 days) compared with control or either regimen alone (P &lt; 0.05). Primary tumor growth was inhibited by METG/SU (P = 0.03) but neither METG nor sunitinib alone. In contrast, treatment with METG suppressed metastasis at multiple sites, an effect enhanced by sunitinib. MTDG with or without sunitinib had the most favorable effect on primary tumor growth and survival, but its antimetastatic efficacy was similar to that of METG/SU. von Willebrand factor expression was inhibited by METG. Antimetastatic activity approaching that of MTDG is achieved with a total dose reduced 42 times using METG and is further enhanced by sunitinib. Our results suggest the potential of this therapeutic paradigm against pancreatic cancer in the adjuvant and maintenance settings. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(7); 2068–78. ©2010 AACR.
Exon-Level Microarray Analyses Identify Alternative Splicing Programs in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lapuk Anna , Marr Henry , Jakkula Lakshmi , Pedro Helder , Bhattacharya Sanchita , Purdom Elizabeth , Hu Zhi , Simpson Ken , Pachter Lior , Durinck Steffen , Wang Nicholas , Parvin Bahram , Fontenay Gerald , Speed Terence , Garbe James , Stampfer Martha , Bayandorian Hovig , Dorton Shannon , Clark Tyson A. , Schweitzer Anthony , Wyrobek Andrew , Feiler Heidi , Spellman Paul , Conboy John , Gray Joe W. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing (AS) of many genes have been implicated in several aspects of cancer genesis and progression. These observations motivated a genome-wide assessment of AS in breast cancer. We accomplished this by measuring exon level expression in 31 breast cancer and nonmalignant immortalized cell lines representing luminal, basal, and claudin-low breast cancer subtypes using Affymetrix Human Junction Arrays. We analyzed these data using a computational pipeline specifically designed to detect AS with a low false-positive rate. This identified 181 splice events representing 156 genes as candidates for AS. Reverse transcription-PCR validation of a subset of predicted AS events confirmed 90%. Approximately half of the AS events were associated with basal, luminal, or claudin-low breast cancer subtypes. Exons involved in claudin-low subtype–specific AS were significantly associated with the presence of evolutionarily conserved binding motifs for the tissue-specific Fox2 splicing factor. Small interfering RNA knockdown of Fox2 confirmed the involvement of this splicing factor in subtype-specific AS. The subtype-specific AS detected in this study likely reflects the splicing pattern in the breast cancer progenitor cells in which the tumor arose and suggests the utility of assays for Fox-mediated AS in cancer subtype definition and early detection. These data also suggest the possibility of reducing the toxicity of protein-targeted breast cancer treatments by targeting protein isoforms that are not present in limiting normal tissues. Mol Cancer Res; 8(7); 961–74. ©2010 AACR.
New Role of (−)-Epicatechin in Enhancing the Induction of Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cells by Curcumin
Authors: Saha Achinto , Kuzuhara Takashi , Echigo Noriko , Suganuma Masami , Fujiki Hirota 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCurcumin, a phenolic compound isolated from the plant Curcuma longa (Linn), is ingested every day in the Indian subcontinent and is well reported to possess cancer-preventive activity. To achieve effective cancer prevention with curcumin, we need to find a new method to enhance the effects of curcumin in the diet. Based on our evidence that (−)-epicatechin (EC), an inert catechin, enhances the cancer-preventive activity of green tea catechins, we studied the enhancing effects of EC on inductions of growth inhibition and apoptosis in human lung cancer cell lines PC-9 and A549 with curcumin. The combination of curcumin with EC significantly increased the inhibition of cell growth compared with curcumin or EC alone. The combination similarly increased both apoptosis and expression of GADD153 and GADD45 genes, associated with their enhanced protein production. Knockdown of GADD153 or GADD45 by small interfering RNA abrogated the apoptosis induction and growth inhibition induced by the combination, indicating the crucial role of their upregulation. Treatments of PC-9 cells with c-Jun-NH2-kinase inhibitor SP600125, with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB202190 and with PD98059 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 inhibitor) all increased the upregulation of GADD153 and GADD45 genes by the combination. Because EC was previously shown to enhance the incorporation of EGCG into PC-9 cells, we think that EC has similar effects on curcumin. This report is the first report on the enhancing effects of EC on curcumin, and the data suggest that EC plays a significant role in the enhancement of the cancer-preventive activity of curcumin in the diet. Cancer Prev Res; 3(8); 953–62. ©2010 AACR.
Introduction: Mare Liberum Revisited (1609-2009)
Authors: Nijman Janne , van Nifterik Gustaaf 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis introduction gives a rough sketch of the context of Mare liberum's publication and the main arguments Grotius made in this pamphlet. It touches briefly on some of the latest arguments on Mare liberum and provides a survey of the contributions to this Commemmorative Issue. Moreover, it sets the stage for the contributions which elaborate on the fate of Grotian concepts - not so much by historically tracing these ideas over the past 400 years, but by offering an analysis of how similar concepts are used in international law today.
Den Åländska Självstyrelsens Finansiering - Problem Och Möjligheter
Authors: Erland Olof 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNär Åland fick sin första självstyrelselag för drygt sextio År sedan var det frÅga om ett provisorium. Det fanns inte pÅ den tiden nÅgra väl fungerande självstyrelsesamfund som kunde tjäna som exempel. Självstyrelsesystemet har utvecklats över tiden och funnit en form som i mÅnga avseenden har gynnat samhällsutvecklingen. När självstyrelselagen nu hÅller pÅ att revideras har de finansiella aspekterna pÅ förhÅllandet mellan Åland och det övriga Finland fÅtt en framträdande plats i den politiska debatten. Avsikten här är att belysa utvecklingen av självstyrelsens finansiering och de principer som gäller i dag. Vidare diskuterar jag de problem som finns med nuvarande finansiella system och alternativa möjligheter. Fördelar och nackdelar med olika finansieringsmodeller behandlas pÅ ett principiellt plan och kan pÅ sÅ sätt vara av intresse ocksÅ för andra självstyrelsesamfund. Det bör dock betonas att de modeller för självstyrelse-finansiering som diskuteras här, för att ge vägledning för politiska beslut, bör ställas mot de restriktioner som ges av historiska, politiska och ekonomiska realiteter.
Political "Disappearances" - a Challenge for Humanitarian Law
Authors: Egeland Jan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn November 1981 the International Conference of the Red Cross, meeting in Manila, adopted a strong resolution against the practise of political "disappearances" (see Annex 1). This is the first humanitarian standard specifically adressing this relatively new pattern of human rights violations within the wider framework of the humanitarian law in armed conflict and internal strife. Contrary to our pessimism when we started to prepare for this initiative in the Norwegian Red Cross and at the Institut Henry Dunant in Geneva, the draft resolution was strengthened at the Conference and carried with an overwhelming majority (111 States parties in favour - only Argentina and Syria abstained). The humanitarian law has mistakenly been considered as a set of rules with little or no importance for circumstances below the threshold of international armed conflicts. In this article we will therefore argue that a human rights problem like political "disappearances" is not an exclusive concern of UN human rights treaties and non-governmental organisations like Amnesty International. On the contrary it represents a great challenge for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the humanitarian law in general.
Natural Rights and Roman Law in Hugo Grotius's Theses LVI, De iure praedae and Defensio capitis quinti maris liberi
Authors: Straumann Benjamin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRoman property law and Roman contract law as well as the property centered Roman ethics put forth by Cicero in several of his works were the traditions Grotius drew upon in developing his natural rights system. While both the medieval just war tradition and Grotius's immediate political context deserve scholarly attention and constitute important influences on Grotius's natural law tenets, it is a Roman tradition of subjective legal remedies and of just war which lays claim to a foundational role with regard to his conception of subjective natural rights. Grotius made use of Roman law and Roman ethics in order to submit a normative case for a rights-based just war in the East Indies. His conception of a law of nature was originally conceived to apply a theory of compensatory justice to the high seas of Southeast Asia, envisaged as a natural state lacking political authority. Eventually, however, this argument was to reveal its anti-absolutist implications, and contributed—by virtue of its applicability to individuals, private entities and commonwealths alike—to the emergence of a rights-based constitutionalism. This article discusses Grotius's early treatise De iure praedae commentarius (1604-1606) and its offshoot Mare liberum, which already contained an inchoate version of subjective natural rights, as well as the elaborate natural rights doctrine which can be found in Grotius's early Theses LVI and in the Defensio capitis quinti maris liberi, a defense of the fifth chapter of Mare liberum, written around 1615 and directed against the Scottish jurist William Welwod's attack on Mare liberum.