bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lewis acid-doped transition metal dichalcogenides for ultraviolet–visible photodetectors
Authors: Yang 杨 Heng 恒 , Ma 马 Mingjun 明军 , Pei 裴 Yongfeng 永峰 , Kang 康 Yufan 雨凡 , Yan 延 Jialu 嘉璐 , He 贺 Dong 栋 , Jiang 蒋 Changzhong 昌忠 , Li 李 Wenqing 文庆 , Xiao 肖 Xiangheng 湘衡 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs) are widely used in civilian, scientific, and military fields due to their high sensitivity and low false alarm rates. We present a temperature-dependent Lewis acid p-type doping method for transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which can effectively be used to extend the optical response range. The p-type doping based on surface charge transfer involves the chemical adsorption of the Lewis acid SnCl4 as a light absorption layer on the surface of WS2, significantly enhancing its UV photodetection performance. Under 365 nm laser irradiation, WS2 PDs exhibit response speed of 24 ms/20 ms, responsivity of 660 mA/W, detectivity of 3.3 × 1011 Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 226%. Moreover, we successfully apply this doping method to other TMDs materials (such as MoS2, MoSe2, and WSe2) and fabricate WS2 lateral p–n heterojunction PDs.
Preparation and performance study of polyurethane/ kaolinite nanocomposite insulation materials
Authors: Dai Jun , Tang Peiduo , Wu Zhiding , Chen Bin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Polyurethane foam insulation materials exhibit excellent noise reduction, shock absorption and vibration damping capabilities while being cost-effective and easily moldable. They have found widespread applications in diverse fields such as automotive, machinery, packaging, insulation, healthcare and construction. However, the application range of this traditional organic material is limited by issues related to thermal stability and flame retardancy. By achieving uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, composite materials exhibit enhanced comprehensive properties in terms of flame retardancy, oxidation resistance, physicochemical stability and structural performance. Polyurethane/Kaolinite nanocomposite insulation materials were prepared by using the in situ intercalation compounding method. X-ray diffractometer, Fourier infrared spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the thermal stability of the composite material obtained under different preparation conditions and the state of the nanomaterial in the system. The results showed that the composite material with good dispersion of kaolinite in the matrix was obtained by effective surface modification through dimethyl sulfoxide. The doping of low-concentration kaolinite can improve the thermal stability of polyurethane. When the mass fraction of nano-kaolinite is 5%, the initial decomposition temperature of the composite system is 47°C higher than that of pure polyurethane and the system achieves the highest thermal stability.
Comparative analysis of experimental and simulation results of composite circular tube
Authors: Qin Yuhang , Zhang Yu , Fan Zhaoyang , Zheng Jian , Xiong Chao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, the internal pressure of the composite pipe is analysed and studied when transporting liquid or gas. The quasi-static hydraulic test is designed to simulate the internal pressure of the composite pipe. By using the ABAQUS finite element method, a numerical model of the composite pipe under hydraulic load is established. The strain curves and final failure modes of the test and simulation are compared to verify the feasibility of the finite element method model. Finally, the damage mechanism of the composite tube is analysed according to the numerical model, and it is found that the carbon fibre composite material has an important effect on the bearing capacity of the composite tube.
Effect of coal tar pitch as carbon source on the electrochemical performance of silicon-carbon composites
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhang Wei , Feng Zongyu , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Xiaobao , Yang Juanyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Silicon-carbon composites (SCCs) represent a pivotal class of silicon-based negative electrode materials, exhibiting immense potential for commercial applications. The inclusion of carbon serves to restrict the expansion of silicon and establishes a reliable conductive framework. Pitch, as a carbonaceous precursor, can be utilized for the preparation of SCC exhibiting exceptional electrochemical performance. However, the structural and compositional variations in the carbon pyrolyzed from the pitch with varying softening points result in distinct impacts on the electrochemical properties of SCC, particularly their cycle performance. The coal tar pitch (CTP) with softening points of 80°C and 250°C was selected for synthesizing SCC in this research. The impact of utilizing CTP as a carbon source on the electrochemical performance of SCC and its accompanying structural modifications during cycling were investigated. The pyrolytic carbon with an enhanced graphitization level could be obtained from the CTP and exhibited a softening point of 250°C. The SCC prepared using this CTP revealed superior structural stability and electrochemical performance, with a specific capacity of 1413.4 mAh/g and a capacity retention rate of 76.70% after 100 cycles. The CTP with a softening point of 250°C was further combined with silicon and graphite composites and used as negative electrode materials. The initial reversible specific capacity of 546.1 mAh/g was demonstrated, and it maintained 93.53% of its capacity after 200 cycles. The CTP with a softening point of 250°C can be chosen for the preparation of SCC, ensuring excellent structural stability and electrochemical performance.
In-situ growth of MoSe2 on N-doped Ti3C2Tx for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in alkaline media
Authors: Zhou Xingliao , Liu Jinhua , Chen Jing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Serious environmental contamination and the energy crisis have heightened public desire for new renewable energy sources. Because of its high energy content and non-polluting qualities, hydrogen energy has emerged as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Currently, high-purity hydrogen is typically produced through water electrolysis. The sensible use of electrocatalysts in this process can significantly minimize power usage in the electrolysis of water, which is of great significance to industrial production. However, the electrocatalyst that is inexpensive, has abundant reserves and performs well has yet to be discovered, severely restricting the promotion and application of hydrogen energy. In this paper, a MoSe2/N-doped Ti3C2TX heterostructure with notable electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity in an alkaline environment was fabricated via nitrogen doping and in-situ growth of molybdenum selenide. When the current density is 10 mA·cm-2, its overpotential and Tafel slope are 321.87 mV and 139.97 mV·dec-1, respectively. This work serves as a valuable experimental reference for the development of non-noble metal electrocatalysts based on two-dimensional materials.
Study of chemically deposited magnetic materials of NiTi memory alloys and their magnetothermal properties
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Cui Yaning 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
NiTi alloy has good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, as well as unique shape memory properties. Therefore, it is commonly used to make metal stents in clinical practice. In this study, the substrate used is a NiTi memory alloy, which has been coated with CoNiFeP magnetic material through an electroless plating. The morphology, composition, and magnetic properties of the coating were analyzed using SEM, XRD, and VSM. The magneto-thermal properties were studied by high-frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) induction equipment. The results showed that after determining a reasonable plating application process, the prepared coatings had certain soft magnetic properties and could exceed 43°C in a short time at different field intensities (Happl×fappl=M×109 Aꞏm−1ꞏs−1, M=1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0) to reach the temperature required for tumor ablation, which can be used to prepare magnetic scaffolds for magnetothermal therapy.
Experimental study of synthesis of N-2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles by ultrasonic microreactor
Authors: Qu Chang , Zhao Xiuzheng , Jin Zheng , Zhao Kai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To overcome the technical limitations of current batch reactors for synthesizing N-2-HACC/CMCS NPs, an ultrasonic microreactor was designed and fabricated to continuously prepare N-2-HACC/CMCS NPs, which were characterized by SEM, laser particle sizing instrument, and FTIR. The findings indicate that the granular size of the NPs can be precisely regulated by changing the conditions of reaction temperature, ultrasonic power, reactant flux ratio, and reactant concentration. Compared with the batch reactor, ultrasonic microreactors can continuously prepare NPs with smaller and more uniform particle sizes.
Enhancing anticorrosive properties of low-zinc composite epoxy coatings with graphene
Authors: Pan Kai , Lin Yijun , Xi Zhiwei , Wang Lijie , Huang Chunfang , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Traditional zinc-rich coatings face challenges such as high zinc powder content, brittle film formation, poor adhesion, high porosity, and low zinc powder utilization. In this study, graphene was introduced into an epoxy coating with a 30% zinc powder content to develop a graphene-modified low-zinc coating with exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The primary objective was to determine the optimal graphene addition for enhanced corrosion resistance and mechanical performance. Characterization of the coating included assessing pull-off adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance, saltwater resistance, and resistance to acids and alkalis. Concurrently, the corrosion resistance of coatings was thoroughly examined through electrochemical testing and salt spray experiments. Our findings indicate that the coating demonstrated optimal overall performance with a graphene content of 1%, achieving superior corrosion resistance as well as enhanced physical and mechanical properties.
Study on seawater corrosion resistance of copper alloy
Authors: Gong Kaifei , Zheng Chuanbo , Zhang Dongwei , Lv Tianyi , Ju Xiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Marine environment is a very complex and corrosive environment. Marine corrosion environment can be generally divided into Marine atmospheric environment and seawater environment. Because the seawater is rich in a variety of free ions mixed with corrosive media, the main component is sodium chloride, in addition to containing magnesium, potassium, iodine, bromine, and other elements of salt, which has strong corrosion to metal materials, if serious, it will cause safety accidents. Therefore, ensuring the effectiveness of the anticorrosion system is very important for the safe and reliable operation of the offshore platform. pulse plating is used and the metal nickel coating and metal nickel-chromium coating are prepared to analyze the microstructure and corrosion resistance of each film layer. From the macroscopic, it can be found that three coatings have more or less corrosion phenomenon, there is obviously no nickel-chromium and nickel layer on the surface of nickel-chromium corrosion defects, and through scanning electron microscopic observation, microscopic level nickel chromium corrosion after corrosion phenomenon is the least of three layers, which suggests that nickel chromium seawater corrosion resistance is strong. The three layers are then electrochemical corroded to study the corrosion resistance of the three layers. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the nickel-plated layer, nickel-chromium coating, and nickel-iron chromium coating prepared in the copper substrate is improved successively, which shows the influence of different membrane elements on the corrosion resistance of copper substrate against seawater medium. Although the composition parameters of the various membrane layers vary, they experience the same corrosion mechanism-pitting; Nickel chromium and chromium, iron and other atoms are present in the nickel matrix in the form of solid solution and finally form the solid solution alloy coating. For nickel-chromium coating, the content of iron and chromium in the surface layer has a certain influence on the corrosion resistance of the metal coating. The electrochemical parameters of nickel plating are studied separately, and the comparison with the nickel-chromium alloy coating and the coating is conducted. The equivalent circuit is fitted and determines the largest impedance value and the largest phase Angle among the three membrane layers, which finally has the strongest seawater corrosion resistance.
A comparison of three modification methods for polyvinylidene fluoride membrane grafting
Authors: Jiang Qin , Xu Luo-peng , Zhou Ning , Nie Mingyu , Chen Xin , Fan Tao , Lu Ziling , Mao Xin , Liang Zhenyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
UV-induced covalent bonding, UV-benzophenone (BP) embedding, and ozone-activated grafting methods were respectively used to graft 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane surfaces via orthogonal test. The rejection rate, permeating flux, and pure water flux were chosen as comprehensive evaluation indexes to optimize the modification conditions. The optimal experimental conditions for UV-induced covalent bonding, UV-BP embedding, and ozone-activated grafting methods were obtained. Subsequently, three membranes were prepared by these three methods under their optimal modification conditions to compare their properties. The PVDF-g-AMPS-2 membrane obtained by the UV-BP embedding method exhibited the highest hydrophilicity and lipophobicity, and its water and underwater oil contact angles were respectively 66.0° and 146.6°. Besides, The PVDF-g-AMPS-2 membrane can resist the adhesion of oil with the underwater oil adhesion force of zero. What’s more, the PVDF-g-AMPS-2 membrane possessed the largest pure water flux (544.5 L/(m2·h·bar)), permeation flux (66.5 L/(m2·h·bar)), and recovered flux (205.7 L/(m2·h·bar)). By comparison, UV-BP embedding with simpler procedures can fabricate the AMPS modified PVDF membrane with superior performance, which has better application prospects in industrial scale-up production.
Giant asymmetric proximity-induced spin–orbit coupling in twisted graphene/SnTe heterostructure
Authors: Milivojević Marko , Gmitra Martin , Kurpas Marcin , Štich Ivan , Fabian Jaroslav 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We analyze the spin–orbit coupling effects in a 3∘-degree twisted bilayer heterostructure made of graphene and an in-plane ferroelectric SnTe, with the goal of transferring the spin–orbit coupling from SnTe to graphene, via the proximity effect. Our results indicate that the point-symmetry breaking due to the incompatible mutual symmetry of the twisted monolayers and a strong hybridization has a massive impact on the spin splitting in graphene close to the Dirac point, with the spin splitting values greater than 20 meV. The band structure and spin expectation values of graphene close to the Dirac point can be described using a symmetry-free model, triggering different types of interaction with respect to the threefold symmetric graphene/transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructure. We show that the strong hybridization of the Dirac cone’s right movers with the SnTe band gives rise to a large asymmetric spin splitting in the momentum space. Furthermore, we discover that the ferroelectricity-induced Rashba spin–orbit coupling in graphene is the dominant contribution to the overall Rashba field, with the effective in-plane electric field that is almost aligned with the (in-plane) ferroelectricity direction of the SnTe monolayer. We also predict an anisotropy of the in-plane spin relaxation rates. Our results demonstrate that the group-IV monochalcogenides MX (M = Sn, Ge; X = S, Se, Te) are a viable alternative to transition-metal dichalcogenides for inducing strong spin–orbit coupling in graphene.
A superhydrophobic/photothermal synergistic anti-icing mesh with active/passive anti-icing function
Authors: Cao Zhanguo , Gong Zeweiyi , Ma Xianlong , Peng Jing , Xiong Yanmei , Nie Yongjie , Duan Yuting , Li Hao , Zhou Shuai , Rao Tong , Chen Qizhi , Wang Peng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The ice covering of transmission lines tends to cause flashover along the surface, and even topple the tower in serious cases, which seriously threatens the safe operation of the power grid. Here, a dual active and passive anti-icing strategy was designed. The active deicing was achieved by photothermal effect, and passive anti-icing was based on superhydrophobicity. On the one hand, the semi-embedded candle ash gives the surface excellent photothermal characteristics, which can quickly melt the ice through sunlight; On the other hand, the superhydrophobic coating based on candle ash demonstrates excellent passive anti-icing performance, which reduces ice adhesion as small as 3.0 kPa and delayed freezing time as long as 1096 s. Furthermore, the semi-embedded structure enables the superhydrophobic coating excellent anti-abrasion ability and outstanding self-cleaning property. This combination of active and passive anti-icing strategies provides a reference for the current anti-icing and deicing methods of transmission lines.
Influence of scanning speed on microstructures and mechanical properties of SLM produced Hastelloy X: as-built and solution-treated
Authors: Li Sai , Zhang Yunlong , Wang Yasong , Liu Ji , Cheng Liang , Wang Yajun , Bai Jie , Ma Rui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hastelloy X (HX) alloys with ideal strength and ductility match can be obtained by selective laser melting (SLM) and a proper follow-up heat treatment. This work studies the influence of scanning speed on grain size, grain boundary distribution, recrystallization and mechanical properties of as-built HX. These influences are reevaluated after a solution treatment at 1175 °C for 4h. The results reveal that the average grain size decreases, while the aspect ratio, texture intensity and the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) increases with the increase of scanning speed. A small amount of recrystallization has occurred in the as-built alloys due to the cyclic thermal effect of SLM scanning. The finer grains and larger aspect ratio imply the higher energy storage during SLM, which will increase the recrystallizing nucleation rate. Solution treatment eliminates the fiber texture of 〈100〉//BD, significantly increases the HAGBs fraction and recrystallization fraction, reduces the grain aspect ratio, and coarsens the grains. With the increase of scanning speed, the strength of the Hastelloy X increases and the elongation decreases. The decrease of grain size is the main reason for the increase of yield strength.
Medication management in long-term care: using evidence generated from real-world data to effect policy change in the Australian setting
Authors: Sluggett Janet K , Inacio Maria C , Caughey Gillian E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Older individuals residing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are often living with multimorbidity and exposed to polypharmacy, and many experience medication-related problems. Because randomized controlled trials seldom include individuals in LTCFs, pharmacoepidemiological studies using real-world data are essential sources of new knowledge on the utilization, safety, and effectiveness of pharmacotherapies and related health outcomes in this population. In this commentary, we discuss recent pharmacoepidemiological research undertaken to support the investigations and recommendations of a landmark public inquiry into the quality and safety of care provided in the approximately 3000 Australian LTCFs that house more than 240 000 residents annually, which informed subsequent national medication-related policy reforms. Suitable sources of real-world data for pharmacoepidemiological studies in long-term care cohorts and methodological considerations are also discussed.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.
A propensity score approach and a partitioned approach for the self-controlled case series design to evaluate safety of a 2-dose vaccine series: application to myocarditis/pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Xu Stanley , Sy Lina S , Han Bing , Hong Vennis , Bruxvoort Katia J , Lewin Bruno , Holmquist Kimberly J , Qian Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The assumption that serious adverse events (SAEs) do not affect subsequent exposure might not hold when evaluating 2-dose vaccine safety through a self-controlled case series (SCCS) design. To address this, we developed: (1) propensity score SCCS (PS-SCCS) using a propensity score model involving SAEs during the risk interval after dose 1 (${R}_1$), and (2) partitioned SCCS (P-SCCS) estimating relative incidence (RI) separately for doses 1 and 2. In simulations, both provided unbiased RIs. Conversely, standard SCCS overestimated RI after dose 2. We applied these approaches to assess myocarditis/pericarditis risks after 2-dose mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in 12- to 39-year-olds. For BNT162b2, PS-SCCS yielded RIs of 1.85 (95% CI, 0.75-4.59) and 11.05 (95% CI, 6.53-18.68) 14 days after doses 1 and 2 respectively; standard SCCS provided similar RI after dose 1 and RI of 12.92 (95% CI, 7.56-22.09) after dose 2. For mRNA-1273, standard SCCS showed RIs of 1.96 (95% CI, 0.56-6.91) after dose 1 and 7.87 (95% CI, 3.33-18.57) after dose 2. As no mRNA-1273 recipients with SAEs during ${R}_1$ received dose 2, P-SCCS was used, yielding similar RI after dose 1 and RI of 6.48 (95% CI, 2.83-14.83) after dose 2. mRNA vaccines were associated with elevated myocarditis/pericarditis risks following dose 2 in 12- to 39-year-olds.
The impact of different strategies for modeling associations between medications at low doses and health outcomes: a simulation study and practical application to postpartum opioid use
Authors: Spieker Andrew J , Adgent Margaret A , Osmundson Sarah S , Phillips Sharon E , Mitchel Jr Ed , Leech Ashley A , Grijalva Carlos G , Wiese Andrew D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pharmacoepidemiologic studies commonly examine the association between drug dose and adverse health outcomes. In situations where no safe dose exists, the choice of modeling strategy can lead to identification of an apparent safe low dose range in the presence of a nonlinear relationship or due to the modeling strategy forcing a linear relationship through a dose of 0. We conducted a simulation study to assess the performance of several regression approaches to model the drug dose–response curve at low doses in a setting where no safe range exists, including the use of a (1) linear dose term, (2) categorical dose term, and (3) natural cubic spline terms. Additionally, we introduce and apply an expansion of prior work related to modeling dose–response curves at low and infrequently used doses in the setting of no safe dose (“spike-at-zero” and “slab-and-spline”). Furthermore, we demonstrate and empirically assess the use of these regression strategies in a practical scenario examining the association between the dose of the initial postpartum opioid prescribed after vaginal delivery and the subsequent total dose of opioids prescribed in the entire postpartum period among a cohort of opioid-naive women with a vaginal delivery enrolled in Tennessee’s Medicaid program (United States, 2007-2014).