bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOW‐FREQUENCY OF BACTEREMIA AFTER ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Itaba Soichi , Iboshi Yoichiro , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Ogino Haruei , Sumida Yorinobu , Aso Akira , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Akiho Hirotada , Igarashi Hisato , Kato Masaki , Kotoh Kazuhiro , Ito Tetsuhide , Takayanagi Ryoichi 
Published: December 2010

Background:  Mainstream therapy for early gastric cancer in Japan has now shifted from endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Although bacteremia is reported as being infrequent and transient in gastric EMR, there are no reports of it being investigated in gastric ESD. This study aimed to determine the frequency of bacteremia in gastric ESD.Patients and Methods:  A prospective study, in 46 consecutive patients who underwent gastric ESD, investigated the frequency of bacteremia before and after the procedure.Results:  The median time for the total ESD procedure was 105 min (range 30–400). The median volume of the submucosal injection was 80 ml (range 20–260). The mean size of the resected specimen was 40 ± 9.7 mm. Blood cultures obtained before ESD were positive in 4.4% (2/45) of cases. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus spp. were the isolated microorganisms. Blood cultures obtained 10 min after ESD were positive in 4.3% (2/46) of cases; with the same microorganisms being isolated. Blood cultures obtained 3 h after ESD were all negative. No signs of sepsis were seen in the two patients with a positive blood culture 10 min after ESD.Conclusions:  The frequency of bacteremia after gastric ESD was low and transient. ESD for gastric lesions is thought to have a low risk of infectious complications; therefore, prophylactic administration of antibiotics may not be warranted.
Methamphetamine‐associated cleavage of the synaptic adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule‐5
Authors: Conant Katherine , Lonskaya Irina , Szklarczyk Arek , Krall Caroline , Steiner Joseph , Maguire‐Zeiss Kathleen , Lim Seung T. 
Published: December 2010

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 521–532.AbstractMethamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that, used in excess, may be neurotoxic. Although the mechanisms that underlie its addictive potential are not completely understood, in animal models matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors can reduce behavioral correlates of addiction. In addition, evidence from genome‐wide association studies suggests that polymorphisms in synaptic cell‐adhesion molecules (CAMs), known MMP substrates, are linked to addictive potential in humans. In the present study, we examined the ability of MA to stimulate cleavage of intercellular adhesion molecule‐5 (ICAM‐5), a synaptic CAM expressed on dendritic spines in the telencephalon. Previous studies have shown that shedding of ICAM‐5 is associated with maturation of dendritic spines, and that MMP‐dependent shedding occurs with long term potentiation. Herein, we show that MA stimulates ectodomain cleavage of ICAM‐5 in vitro, and that this is abrogated by a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor. We also show that an acute dose of MA, administered in vivo, is associated with cleavage of ICAM‐5 in murine hippocampus and striatum. This occurs within 6 h and is accompanied by an increase in MMP‐9 protein. In related experiments, we examined the potential consequences of ICAM‐5 shedding. We demonstrate that the ICAM‐5 ectodomain can interact with β1 integrins, and that it can stimulate β1 integrin‐dependent phosphorylation of cofilin, an event that has previously been linked to MMP‐dependent spine maturation. Together these data support an emerging appreciation of MMPs as effectors of synaptic plasticity and suggest a mechanism by which MA may influence the same.
The effect of losartan and carvedilol on vasopressor responses to adrenergic agonists and angiotensin II in the systemic circulation of Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Abdulla M. H. , Sattar M. A. , Abdullah N. A. , Khan M. A. H. , Anand Swarup K. R. L. , Johns E. J. 
Published: December 2010

Summary1 Interaction between renin‐angiotensin (RAS) and sympathetic nervous systems (SNS) was investigated by examining the effect of cumulative blockade of angiotensin II (Ang II) and adrenergic receptors in normal Sprague Dawley rats.2 Rats were treated with losartan (10 mg/kg), carvedilol (5 mg/kg), or losartan plus carvedilol (10 + 5 mg/kg) orally for 7 days. On day 8, the animals were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone and prepared for systemic haemodynamic study. Dose–response relationships for the elevation of mean arterial pressure or change in heart rate (HR) in response to intravenous injections of noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE), methoxamine (ME) and Ang II were determined.3 Losartan or the combination of losartan with carvedilol blunted vasopressor responses to ME and Ang II. Dose–response relationships for agonist action on HR were significantly inhibited by all treatments except for the combination of losartan and carvedilol on the decrease in HR induced by PE. Carvedilol decreased vasopressor responses to NA, PE and Ang II, and HR responses to NA, ME and Ang II. Combination treatment produced similar effects to losartan on the vasopressor and HR responses but had a greater effect on vasopressor responses to ME and Ang II, and on HR responses to NA and Ang II than carvedilol alone.4 It is concluded that peripheral vasoconstriction induced by Ang II is partly mediated by adrenergic action and that the vasopressor responses to adrenergic agonists depend on an intact RAS. These observations suggest an interactive relationship between RAS and SNS in determining systemic haemodynamic responses in ‘normal’ rats.
Renal Function Recovery in Chronic Dialysis Patients
Authors: Chu Jay K. , Folkert Vaughn W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRenal function recovery (RFR) from acute kidney injury requiring dialysis occurs at a high frequency. RFR from chronic dialysis, on the other hand, is an uncommon but well‐recognized phenomenon, occurring at a rate of 1.0–2.4% according to data from large observational studies. The underlying etiology of renal failure is the single most important predicting factor of RFR in chronic dialysis patients. The disease types with the highest RFR rates are atheroembolic renal disease, systemic autoimmune disease, renovascular diseases, and scleroderma. The disease types with the lowest RFR rates are diabetic nephropathy and cystic kidney disease. Initial dialysis modality does not appear to influence RFR. Careful observation and history taking are needed to recognize the often nonspecific clinical and laboratory signs of RFR. When RFR is suspected in a chronic dialysis patient, a 24‐hour urine urea and creatinine clearance should be measured. Based on the renal clearance, along with other clinical factors, the dialysis prescription may be gradually reduced until a complete discontinuation of dialysis. After RFR from maintenance dialysis, patients require close follow‐up in an office setting for chronic kidney disease management.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Cause and Treatment of Electrolyte Complications
Authors: Fall Pamela , Szerlip Harold M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractContinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has become the modality of choice for critically ill patients. Although often hemodynamically better tolerated than intermittent dialysis, the continuous nature of this therapy may cause significant electrolyte complications. These complications commonly result from removal of electrolytes from the body without adequate replacement or because of the use of trisodium citrate as the anticoagulant. Both hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia frequently complicate prolonged treatment. These complications can be avoided by adding these electrolytes to the dialysate or replacement fluid. The use of citrate, especially if this anticoagulant is not used routinely following established protocols, can also result in several electrolyte abnormalities. Because citrate works by chelating calcium, hypo‐ and hypercalcemia occur because of under‐ or overreplacement of calcium. Because citrate is a base equivalent, if the bicarbonate concentration of the dialysate or replacement fluid is not decreased, a metabolic alkalosis may develop. Less commonly, in patients with severe liver dysfunction who cannot metabolize citrate back to bicarbonate, a metabolic acidosis may develop. Although CRRT may cause electrolyte complication it also can be the treatment of choice for the correction of certain electrolyte complications. In patients with acute or chronic renal failure who present with significant dysnatremias, intermittent hemodialysis may cause overly rapid correction of the serum sodium with serious neurologic sequelae. The ability to manipulate the sodium concentration of the dialysate or replacement fluid and the more sustained nature of the treatment allows for a slower correction thus avoiding complications.
Infectious Spondylodiscitis in Hemodialysis
Authors: García‐García Patricia , Rivero Antonio , del Castillo Nieves , Jarque Ana , Getino María A. , García‐Pérez Javier , Navarro‐González Juan F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInfectious spondylodiscitis is an infection seen with increasing frequency in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Often accompanied by bacteremia, it is associated with the use of central venous catheters for hemodialysis access. Initial symptoms can be relatively insidious and nonspecific. Therefore, the clinician must have a low threshold for diagnostic testing that goes beyond blood cultures. This, in addition to early empiric antibiotic therapy, may improve the outcome of this potentially catastrophic infection.
Electrolyte Management in Frequent Home Hemodialysis
Authors: King Rhonda S. , Glickman Joel D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractShort daily hemodialysis (SDHD) and nocturnal home hemodialysis are modalities performed at home at shorter intervals than conventional hemodialysis. Because of their increased frequency, these alternative modalities create the potential for less inter‐dialytic fluid gains and therefore fewer episodes of intra‐dialytic hypotension. By more closely replicating normal renal physiology, they may also improve electrolyte management. In this article, we review published data on levels of calcium, phosphate, potassium, and bicarbonate levels using these home dialysis modalities. We also present our single‐center experience with electrolyte management in patients maintained on SDHD using low dialysate flow rate, a modality of growing prevalence.
Vascular Access for Dialysis in the United States: Progress, Hurdles, Controversies, and the Future
Authors: Wish Jay B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn 2003, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) made an increase in arteriovenous fistula (AVF) prevalence and a decrease in catheter prevalence a priority, initiating a project known since 2005 as the Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative (FFBI). From 2003 to June 2010, the prevalent AVF in use rate has increased from 32.2% to 55.8% according to CMS data, a remarkable achievement yet short of CMS’s 66% prevalent AVF goal. The prevalent catheter rate decreased from 26.9% to 23.8% during this same period. Although an effort to augment AVF placement has resulted in issues of nonmaturation, the primary contributor to the 23.8% prevalent catheter rate is the 82% incident catheter rate, which has not declined significantly. Future efforts to decrease the prevalent catheter rate and increase the prevalent AVF rate must be directed at patients with stages 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease and the healthcare providers and practitioners involved in their care, including hospital systems, surgeons, referring physicians, and nephrologists. The nephrologist plays a key role in providing guidance to those providers and holding them accountable for improved vascular access outcomes.
Mesurer les coǔts de licenciement: de l'intérět des méthodes directes
Authors: FREYENS Benoǐt Pierre 
Published: December 2010

Résumé.Les cou&#x030c;ts de licenciement, ainsi que l'appareil législatif et réglementaire régissant les relations professionnelles, sont souvent bla&#x030c;més pour les mauvaises performances du marché du travail. Toutefois, les études théoriques et économétriques sur l'impact économique de ces cou&#x030c;ts ne sont pas concluantes. Par le passé, on s'est surtout intéressé aux hypothèses fonctionnelles et à l'incidence des divers paramètres, mais on a très peu analysé la qualité et la précision des méthodes de mesure de ces cou&#x030c;ts, dont dépendent pourtant la plupart des résultats en cette matière. L'auteur examine les méthodes de mesure directes et indirectes couramment utilisées en ce domaine, et soutient qu'il est essentiel d'employer les méthodes quantitatives directes, rarement utilisées par les chercheurs, pour compléter les méthodes de mesure indirectes auxquelles on a généralement recours. Ce point est illustré par les résultats d'un sondage expérimental récemment mené en Australie.
Santé au travail en Thaïlande: le processus de transition
Authors: Kelly Matthew , Strazdins Lyndall , Dellora Tarie , Khamman Suwanee , Seubsman Sam‐ang , Sleigh Adrian C. 
Published: December 2010

Résumé.La Thaïlande a connu une transition économique rapide, de l'agriculture aux secteurs manufacturier et tertiaire, puis vers l'emploi plus formel. Toutefois, la réglementation du marché du travail et la représentation des salariés sont moins affirmées que dans les pays développés, où cette transition s'est effectuée graduellement et plus lentement, il y a plusieurs décennies. Les auteurs examinent le renforcement des politiques et de la législation thaïlandaise sur la sécurité et la santé au travail en réponse aux normes internationales du travail, à l'adoption d'une nouvelle constitution démocratique, à la crainte d'embargos commerciaux étrangers et aux accidents mortels du travail. Ils concluent en identifiant les principaux défis auxquels sont confrontés les décideurs politiques, y compris l'application de la législation et les méthodes pour mesurer les nouveaux risques professionnels sur la santé mentale et physique des travailleurs.
La legislación protectora del empleo y la estabilidad laboral. Análisis transnacional europeo
Authors: CAZES Sandrine , TONIN Mirco 
Published: December 2010

Resumen.Los autores estudian la antigüedad en la empresa en toda la Unión Europea con datos relativos al período 1999–2006. La antigüedad no descendió durante esos años en muchos países europeos, con una excepción: los trabajadores de 15 a 24 años de edad. Según el análisis de regresión que efectúan, ello guarda relación con el debilitamiento de las leyes de empleo y de los sindicatos. Dado que los trabajadores jóvenes tienen poca capacidad de negociar personalmente sus condiciones laborales, la individualización de la relación de trabajo puede perjudicarles más que al resto.
Costos del despido y ventajas de la medición con métodos directos
Authors: FREYENS Benoǐt Pierre 
Published: December 2010

Resumen.Es frecuente achacar los malos resultados del mercado laboral a los costos del despido y a las normas que rigen las relaciones de trabajo. Ahora bien, las investigaciones acerca de las consecuencias económicas de los despidos prestan muy poca atención a la calidad y la precisión de las mediciones, y no arrojan indicaciones concluyentes. Después de pasar revista a los métodos actuales de medición, el autor sostiene que es muy conveniente usar métodos cuantitativos directos a fin de complementar las mediciones indirectas habituales. Para ilustrar esta afirmación se vale de una encuesta efectuada recientemente en Australia.
La formación en el trabajo en Europa. Determinantes y rendimiento salarial
Authors: ALBERT Cecilia , GARCÍA‐SERRANO Carlos , HERNANZ Virginia 
Published: December 2010

Resumen.Los autores analizan los determinantes de la participación de los trabajadores en actividades formativas y los efectos de éstas sobre los salarios. A partir de datos de seis países del Panel de Hogares de la Unión Europea del período 19952001, construyen cuatro tipos de indicadores de formación. Sus estimaciones con mínimos cuadrados ordinarios indican que las actividades formativas generan unos rendimientos salariales notables en casi todos los países analizados. Sin embargo, los rendimientos no son estadísticamente distintos de cero cuando repiten las estimaciones con modelos de efectos fijos. Por tanto, las ganancias salariales debidas a la formación podrían estar siendo sobrestimadas al no tenerse en cuenta adecuadamente otros factores.
«Flexiseguridad» en Bélgica. Una propuesta de reforma basada en principios económicos
Authors: Cockx Bart , Vander Linden Bruno 
Published: December 2010

Resumen.El régimen de seguro de desempleo y la legislación protectora del empleo de Bélgica se establecieron con el telón de fondo de una relación clásica, de carácter estable y duradero, entre trabajadores y empresas. Sin embargo, la globalización de la economía y la rápida evolución de las tecnologías y los sistemas de organización exigen hoy en día más flexibilidad tanto a unos como a otras. De ahí que las instituciones del mercado laboral hayan de reformarse de manera urgente para conciliar esta mayor flexibilidad con una seguridad suficiente para los trabajadores. Aunque la idea de la «flexiseguridad» no es nueva, hay opiniones distintas sobre cuál es el modelo institucional que debe traer consigo. Los autores proponen una reforma guiada expresamente por los principios económicos.
Fifteen years of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin in central nervous system Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Gavhed Désirée , Laurencikas Evaldas , Åkefeldt Selma O , Henter Jan‐Inge 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim:  There is currently no well‐accepted therapy for central nervous system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (CNS‐LCH), a neuroinflammatory disease clinically characterized by often progressive, neurological symptoms including ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, hypertonicity, intellectual impairment and behavioural abnormalities. We applied immunomodulative/anti‐inflammatory treatment on a patient with progressive CNS‐LCH disease.Method:  Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was administered monthly for 15 years to a patient with severe, image‐verified neurodegenerative CNS‐LCH.Results:  During the IVIG treatment, the neurological deterioration initially appeared to be haltered, but over time there was still some deterioration.Conclusions:  IVIG may be beneficial in partly haltering CNS‐LCH neurodegeneration, but further studies are needed.
Coexisting micronutrient deficiencies among Sri Lankan pre‐school children: a community‐based study
Authors: Hettiarachchi Manjula , Liyanage Chandrani 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAssessing micronutrient status in children may also have the benefit of addressing the problems of various micronutrient deficiencies with a unified programmatic approach on a public health scale. A cross‐sectional survey in the Galle district of the micronutrient and anthropometric status of 248 children of ages 3–5 years was performed to determine the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies [iron, zinc (Zn), folate, calcium, caeruloplasmin, iodine, vitamin A and vitamin D] and the extent to which multiple micronutrient deficiencies coexist. The prevalence of anaemia [haemogbolin (Hb) < 110.0 g L−1] was 34.0% in males and 33.0% in females (overall 33.5%, gender difference, P = 0.92). In anaemic children, 7.0% of males and 15.0% of females were iron deficient (serum ferritin < 15.0 µg L−1). Folate deficiency (<3.00 ng mL−1) was found in 41.0% and 33.0% of male and female, respectively, whereas Zn deficiency (<9.95 µmol L−1) occurred in 57.0% and 50.0% of male and female, respectively. Serum vitamin D deficiency (<35.0 nmol L−1) was found in 26% and 25% of male and female, respectively. Anaemic males had a 3.0‐fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–8.3) and 2.3‐fold (95% CI 0.8–6.6) greater risk of being underweight and thin, whereas the risk among anaemic females was 0.7‐fold (95% CI 0.3–1.8) and 0.9‐fold (95% CI 0.3–2.6) for being underweight and thin. Only 7.3% of the subjects did not have any micronutrient deficiency, 38.3% were deficient in two micronutrients, 17.7% had three micronutrient deficiencies and 6.0% had four or more micronutrient deficiencies. Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in Sri Lankan pre‐school children and established baseline data for future studies.
Cross‐talk of global nutritional regulators in the control of primary and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces
Authors: Martín Juan F , Sola‐Landa Alberto , Santos‐Beneit Fernando , Fernández‐Martínez Lorena T , Prieto Carlos , Rodríguez‐García Antonio 
Published: December 2010

SummaryLimitation of different nutrients in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) triggers nutrient‐stress responses, mediated by PhoP, GlnR, AfsR and other regulators, that are integrated at the molecular level and control secondary metabolite biosynthesis and differentiation. In addition, utilization of chitin or N‐acetylglucosamine regulates secondary metabolite biosynthesis by a mechanism mediated by DasR. Phosphate control of primary and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces species is mediated by the two‐component PhoR–PhoP system. In S. coelicolor, PhoP controls secondary metabolism by binding to a PHO box in the afsS promoter overlapping with the AfsR binding site. Therefore, the afsS promoter serves to integrate the PhoP‐mediated response to phosphate limitation and AfsR‐mediated responses to other unknown environmental stimuli. Interestingly, phosphate control oversees nitrogen regulation but not vice versa. In ΔphoP mutants, expression of some nitrogen metabolism genes including glnA, glnII and glnK is increased. Phosphate control of these genes is exerted through binding of PhoP to the promoters of glnR (the global nitrogen regulator), glnA, glnII and the amtB–glnK–glnD operon. This regulation allows a ‘metabolic homeostasis’ of phosphate and nitrogen utilization pathways, preventing nutritional unbalances. Similar mechanisms of interaction between phosphate control and carbon catabolite regulation or between phosphate and DasR‐mediated N‐acetylglucosamine regulation appear to exist. Transport of N‐acetylglucosamine by the NagE2 permease and, therefore, regulation of secondary metabolism, is dependent upon the balance of phosphorylated/dephosphorylated proteins of the N‐acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system. These findings provide the bases for understanding the mechanisms underlying systems biology of Streptomyces species.
Developing EPIC markers for chalcidoid Hymenoptera from EST and genomic data
Authors: LOHSE KONRAD , SHARANOWSKI BARBARA , BLAXTER MARK , NICHOLLS JAMES A. , STONE GRAHAM N. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIncreasing numbers of phylogeographic studies make comparative inferences about the histories of co‐distributed species. Although the aims of such studies are best achieved by jointly analysing sequences from multiple loci in a model‐based framework, such data currently exist for few nonmodel systems. We used existing genomic data and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for Hymenoptera and other insects to design intron‐crossing primers for 40 loci, mainly ribosomal proteins, for chalcidoid parasitoids. Amplification success was scored on a range of taxa associated with two natural communities; oak galls and figs. Taxa were chosen at increasing distance from Nasonia, which was used for primer design, (i) within Pteromalids, (ii) within Chalcidoidea (Eupelmidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Ormyridae, Torymidae) and (iii) for a selection of distantly related gall and fig wasps (Cynipidae, Agaonidae). To assess the utility of these loci for phylogeographic and population genetic studies, we compared genetic diversity between Western Palaearctic refugia for two species. Our results show that it is feasible to design a large number of exon‐primed‐intron‐crossing (EPIC) loci that may be informative about phylogeographic history within species but amplify across a large taxonomic range.