bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of RASSF1A in premalignant cervical lesions: Clinical and prognostic significance
Authors: Mitra Sraboni , Mazumder (Indra) Dipanjana , Basu Partha S. , Mondal Ranajit K. , Roy Anup , Roychoudhury Susanta , Panda Chinmay K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study aimed to understand the importance of RASSF1A and CACNA2D2, located in chromosomal 3p21.31 region, in the development of uterine cervical carcinoma (CACX). To this end, firstly the expression (RNA) profiles of RASSF1A and CACNA2D2 were screened in primary cervical carcinoma (CACX) samples which indicated highly reduced expression for both genes. Thereafter alterations (deletion/methylation) of these genes were analyzed in 23 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 110 CACX samples. In CIN, deletion was observed only for RASSF1A (26%), whereas methylation was in the following order: RASSF1A (35%) > CACNA2D2 (9%). However, in CACX their deletion frequencies were the same (50%) and methylation frequencies were comparable RASSF1A (33%), CACNA2D2 (27%). The reduced expression and molecular alterations of these genes were concordant. Overall alterations of RASSF1A showed association with CIN lesions and CACNA2D2 with disease progression from CIN → stage I/II. Interestingly, alterations of these genes showed significant association in CACX suggesting possible functional synergism during tumor progression. Alterations of RASSF1A and CACNA2D2 predicted poor prognosis for the patients. Moreover, RASSF1A alterations along with multiparity (≥5 yr) and early sexual debut (<19 yr) were determinants of worse prognosis. Our data suggests the association of RASSF1A and CACNA2D2 in cervical carcinogenesis and its importance in early diagnosis and prognosis of the tumor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction of dietary polyphenols with bovine milk proteins: Molecular structure–affinity relationship and influencing bioactivity aspects
Authors: Xiao Jianbo , Mao Fangfang , Yang Fan , Zhao Yalu , Zhang Chao , Yamamoto Koichiro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractScope: Dietary flavonoids and stilbenes are important polyphenols in foods, such as, e.g. fruits, vegetables, nuts, and tea as they are of great interest for their bioactivities, which are related to the anti‐oxidative property.Methods and results: The relationship between the structural properties of dietary polyphenols and their affinities for milk proteins (MP) was investigated. Methylation and methoxylation of flavonoids decreased (or hardly affected) the affinities for MP. Hydroxylation on the rings A and B of flavones and flavonols enhanced the interaction slightly. The hydroxylation on the ring A of flavanones significantly improved the affinities. Glycosylation of flavonoids weakened the affinities by 1–2 orders of magnitude. The hydrogenation of the C2C3 double bond of flavonoids decreased the binding affinities by 7.24–75.86‐fold. Galloylation of catechins significantly improved the binding affinities by about 100–1000‐fold. Glycosylation of resveratrol decreased its affinity for MP. Esterification of gallic acid increased its binding affinity. MP significantly weakened the DPPH radical scavenging activity of polyphenols. The decreasing DPPH scavenging percentages of polyphenols increased with increasing affinities of MP–polyphenol complexes.Conclusion: The binding affinities with MP were strongly influenced by the structural differences of dietary polyphenols. The MP–polyphenol interaction weakened with the DPPH free radical scavenging potential of polyphenols.
Computing approximate Nash equilibria in network congestion games
Authors: Feldmann Andreas Emil , Röglin Heiko , Vöcking Berthold 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe consider the problem of computing ε ‐approximate Nash equilibria in network congestion games. The general problem is known to be PLS‐complete for every ε > 0, but the reductions are based on artificial and steep delay functions with the property that already two players using the same resource cause a delay that is significantly larger than the delay for a single player. We consider network congestion games with delay functions such as polynomials, exponential functions, and functions from queuing theory. We analyse which approximation guarantees can be achieved for such congestion games by the method of randomized rounding. Our results show that the success of this method depends on different criteria depending on the class of functions considered. For example, queuing theoretical functions admit good approximations if the equilibrium load of every resource is bounded away appropriately from its capacity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 2011
Models and heuristics for the k ‐degree constrained minimum spanning tree problem with node‐degree costs
Authors: Duhamel Christophe , Gouveia Luís , Moura Pedro , de Souza Maurício 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe k ‐Degree constrained Minimum Spanning Tree Problem (k ‐DMSTP) consists in finding a minimal cost spanning tree satisfying the condition that every node has a degree no greater than a fixed value k. Here we consider an extension where besides the edge costs, a concave cost function is associated to the degree of each node. Several integer linear programming formulations based on reformulation techniques are presented and their linear programming relaxations are compared. A GRASP heuristic to obtain feasible solutions for the problem together with a Path Relinking strategy is also described. We include computational results using instances with up to 200 nodes that give an empirical assessment of the linear programming bounds of the different models as well as the ability of using these models to solve the problems by using an Integer Linear Programming package. The results also show that the proposed GRASP heuristic appears to perform rather well for this type of problems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Distinctive patterns in the human antibody response to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in carriers and non‐carriers
Authors: Kolata Julia , Bode Lonneke G. M. , Holtfreter Silva , Steil Leif , Kusch Harald , Holtfreter Birte , Albrecht Dirk , Hecker Michael , Engelmann Susanne , van Belkum Alex , Völker Uwe , Bröker Barbara M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is both a prominent cause of nosocomial infections with significant morbidity and mortality and a commensal with nasal carriage in around 30% of the population. The rapid spread of multi‐resistant strains necessitates novel therapeutic strategies, a challenging task because the species S. aureus and the host response against it are highly variable. In a prospective study among 2023 surgical and non‐surgical patients, 12 patients developed S. aureus bacteremia. They were analysed in detail using a personalized approach. For each patient, the extracellular proteins of the infecting S. aureus strain were identified and the developing antibody response was assessed on 2‐D immunoblots. S. aureus carriers showed clear evidence of strain‐specific pre‐immunization. In all immune‐competent bacteremia patients, antibody binding increased strongly, in most cases already at diagnosis. In endogenous infections, the pattern of antibody binding was similar to the pre‐infection pattern. In exogenous infections, in contrast, the pre‐infection pattern was radically altered with the acquisition of new specificities. These were characteristic for individual patients. Nevertheless, a common signature of 11 conserved S. aureus proteins, recognized in at least half of the bacteremic patients, was identified. All patients mounted a dynamic antibody response to a subset of these proteins.
Innate immunity proteins and a new truncated form of SPLUNC1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Fornander Louise , Ghafouri Bijar , Kihlström Erik , Åkerlind Britt , Schön Thomas , Tagesson Christer , Lindahl Mats 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants. The aim was to identify host defence components in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) from infants with RSV infection and to study the expression of the novel 25 kDa innate immunity protein SPLUNC1.Experimental design: NPAs from infants were analyzed with 2‐DE and MS in a pilot study. The levels of SPLUNC1 were analyzed with immunoblotting in 47 NPAs, admitted for RSV diagnosis.Results: Totally, 35 proteins were identified in NPA, including several innate immunity proteins such as group X phospholipase A2, different S100 proteins and SPLUNC1. In addition, a new truncated 15 kDa form of SPLUNC1 was identified that was detected in about 50% of the aspirates admitted for RSV diagnosis. RSV‐positive boys had significantly less 25 kDa SPLUNC1 than RSV‐negative boys while there were no significant differences among girls.Conclusions and clinical relevance: Several important innate immunity proteins were identified in NPA. Notably, a new truncated form of the newly suggested anti‐bacterial protein SPLUNC1 was found. It is possible that a decrease in SPLUNC1 in the upper airways may increase the risk for severe pneumonia in boys.
Identification of phosphorylated proteins involved in the oncogenesis of prostate cancer via Pin1‐proteomic analysis
Authors: Endoh Kanji , Nishi Mayuko , Ishiguro Hitoshi , Uemura Hiroji , Miyagi Yohei , Aoki Ichiro , Hirano Hisashi , Kubota Yoshinobu , Ryo Akihide 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates a subset of phosphorylated proteins by catalyzing the cis‐trans isomerization of their specific phosphorylated Ser/Thr‐Pro motifs. Although Pin1 has been shown to be involved in cell transformation and the maintenance of the malignant phenotype in prostate cancer, its specific substrates during these processes have not yet been determined.METHODSCancer‐specific phosphorylated proteins were isolated from two human prostate cancer cell lines (PC‐3, LNCaP) and the Dunning rat prostate cancer cell lines by GST‐pull down analysis with recombinant GST‐Pin1 protein. These proteins were then identified by the LC‐MS/MS analysis using a Q‐Tof micro mass spectrometer and processed for further functional analysis.RESULTSWe newly identified five prostate cancer‐specific Pin1 binding proteins (PINBPs) in this screen. Among these, TRK‐fused gene (TFG) was found to be preferentially up‐regulated in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. The targeted inhibition of TFG by specific siRNA resulted in the reduced cell proliferation and the induction of premature senescence in PC3 prostate cancer cells. We further found that TFG can facilitate the cell signaling mediated by NF‐kappaB and androgen receptor (AR). Tissue micro‐dissection based quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of prostate cancer tissues following radical prostatectomy further revealed that TFG expression is closely associated with both a higher probability and shorter period of tumor recurrence following surgery.CONCLUSIONSPin1‐based proteomics analysis is a useful tool for the identification of prostate cancer‐specific phosphorylated proteins. TFG could be a potential diagnostic and/or prognostic marker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Prostate 72:626–637, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulating the equivalent radar reflectivity of cirrus at 94 GHz using an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals: a test of the Met Office global numerical weather prediction model
Authors: Baran Anthony. J. , Bodas‐Salcedo Alejandro , Cotton Richard , Lee Clare 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper an ensemble model of ice crystals previously used to simulate the short‐wave scattering properties of cirrus is now applied to simulate its equivalent radar reflectivity (Ze) at 94 GHz. It is shown that the ensemble model conserves the mass of aggregating ice crystals when compared against in situ derived mass‐dimensional (m‐D) relationships. The ensemble model derived m‐D relationship is applied to the Rayleigh–Gans approximation to obtain a new parametrized radar reflectivity forward model for general circulation models (GCMs). The derived forward model is parametrized as a function of ice mixing ratio and in‐cloud temperature, and it is shown that the forward model error is generally well within ±2 dBZe using a linear fit; this new parametrization negates the need for an ‘effective diameter’.The Met Office Unified global Model (MetUM) predictions of ice water content (IWC) and Ze are compared against profiled in situ microphysical probe estimates of IWC and Ze, based on in situ estimates. The in situ IWC profiles were obtained from a midlatitude cirrus case during an airborne campaign around the UK. The paper demonstrates that towards cloud‐bottom and cloud‐top the MetUM prediction of IWC is generally within and outside the experimental uncertainty, respectively. The MetUM forward simulation of Ze assumes two particle size distributions (PSDs) of differing shapes and it is shown that the broader PSD simulates Ze better when compared against Ze based on in situ estimates for all altitudes. For the same case the PSD assumed in the CloudSat retrieval of IWC is also investigated and it is speculated that it could be too narrow towards cloud‐bottom. The paper demonstrates the need for consistent PSDs when forward modelling Ze at 94 GHz, and the forward radar model error in the MetUM should be better characterized. Copyright © 2011 British Crown copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Canadian Global Environmental Multiscale model on the Yin‐Yang grid system
Authors: Qaddouri Abdessamad , Lee Vivian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAt the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC), we are currently developing the future global forecasting Yin‐Yang model. In the horizontal we use spherical coordinates on the overset Yin‐Yang grid, while in the vertical we use a log‐hydrostatic‐pressure coordinate on the Charney–Phillips grid. The parametrization of physical processes is kept the same as in the current Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) operational model. The Yin‐Yang global forecast is performed by considering a domain decomposition (a two‐way coupling method) between two limited‐area models (LAMs) discretized on the two panels of the Yin‐Yang grid and using the same time step. Each panel of the Yin‐Yang grid system is extended by a static halo region and uses the same fully implicit semi‐Lagrangian method as in the GEM operational model to solve its own dynamic core. The spatial and time discretizations are implemented independently on each quasi‐uniform latitude–longitude subgrid. The static halo region plays the same role as the piloting region in limited‐area modelling. Since the two subgrids of the Yin‐Yang grid do not match, the update of the variables in the pilot region is done by cubic Lagrange interpolation. For our model validation, we ran 42 winter and 42 summer cases using analysis from 2008–2009 and we compared five‐day forecast results against observations. No noise is seen in the overlap regions during the simulations. Preliminary results presented in this article are encouraging and demonstrate that in comparison with observations the new Yin‐Yang system performs as well as the GEM global model. © 2011 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Growing pains: Pre‐entry experience and the challenge of transition to incumbency
Authors: Chen Pao‐Lien , Williams Charles , Agarwal Rajshree 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe examine how entrepreneurial entry by diversifying and de novo firms in new industries leads to different levels of performance. We propose that these types of firms differ in dynamic capabilities, which help them overcome growth impediments and transition to incumbency in the industry. Growth impediments arise at larger size, older tenure levels in industry, and after technological discontinuities. Because of their prior experience, diversifying firms are better equipped to handle the challenges of impediments to growth. Meanwhile, de novo firms, ostensibly tailor‐made for the targeted industry, are more likely to stumble over these growth challenges, and eventually lag behind diversifying firms. We find support for our hypotheses using a near census of firms in the U.S. wireless telecommunications industry over the 1983–2004 period. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation Mechanisms of Uniform Nanocrystals via Hot‐Injection and Heat‐Up Methods
Authors: Kwon Soon Gu , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSynthesis of uniform nanocrystals is very important because the size uniformity of an ensemble of nanocrystals is directly related to the homogeneity of their chemical and physical properties. Classical theory suggests that burst nucleation and diffusion‐controlled growth are the most important factors for the control of the size distribution in colloidal synthesis. In the last two decades, the numerous reports on the synthesis of uniform nanocrystals have popularized two major synthetic methods, namely, hot‐injection and heat‐up, to obtain uniform nanocrystals of various materials including metals, semiconductors, and oxides. Mechanistic studies on how such uniform nanocrystals are obtained in those two methods are reviewed and theoretical explanations are provided in the current review.
Spray Deposition of Highly Transparent, Low‐Resistance Networks of Silver Nanowires over Large Areas
Authors: Scardaci Vittorio , Coull Richard , Lyons Philip E. , Rickard David , Coleman Jonathan N. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA method to produce scalable, low‐resistance, high‐transparency, percolating networks of silver nanowires by spray coating is presented. By optimizing the spraying parameters, networks with a sheet resistance of Rs ≈ 50 Ω □−1 at a transparency of T = 90% can be produced. The critical processing parameter is shown to be the spraying pressure. Optimizing the pressure reduces the droplet size resulting in more uniform networks. High uniformity leads to a low percolation exponent, which is essential for low‐resistance, high‐transparency films.
The Real‐Time Systems Compiler: migrating event‐triggered systems to time‐triggered systems
Authors: Scheler Fabian , Schröder‐Preikschat Wolfgang 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present a prototype of the Real‐Time Systems Compiler (RTSC). The RTSC is a compiler‐based tool that enables the migration from event‐triggered to time‐triggered real‐time systems. This is achieved by replacing the real‐time systems architecture of a given real‐time system. The real‐time systems architecture governs the structural properties of the white‐box view of a real‐time system: how are tasks attached to events and how are dependencies between different tasks implemented. The RTSC uses an abstraction called Atomic Basic Blocks (ABBs) to hide the real‐time systems architecture and capture all relevant dependencies of an event‐triggered system in a global ABB‐graph. The RTSC automatically extracts that ABB‐graph from an event‐triggered real‐time system given as source code, transforms that ABB‐graph appropriately, and maps it to a statically computed schedule that could be executed by standard time‐triggered real‐time operating systems. Important temporal properties of the physical environment of the real‐time system needed for that transformation are stored in a system model provided as additional input to the RTSC. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach and the operation of our prototype by transforming an event‐triggered control application into a time‐triggered equivalent. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheological, mechanical and moisture sorption characteristics of cassava starch‐konjac glucomannan blend films
Authors: Nair Soumya B. , Jyothi Alummoottil N. , Sajeev Moothandasserry S. , Misra Rajasekhara 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCassava starch (ST)‐konjac glucomannan (KGM) blend films were prepared and their thermal, rheological, mechanical, moisture sorption properties and water vapour transmission rate were determined. Response surface methodology was employed for the preparation of films using different levels of ST, KGM and glycerol. All the filmogenic solutions exhibited shear thinning behaviour. Apparent viscosity and the dynamic rheological properties of filmogenic solutions varied considerably with KGM content. Rheological analysis revealed that the blend films are more appropriate than neat ST film for controlled drug release studies and for food coating. The melting temperature and enthalpy of fusion of the blend films were lower than that of neat ST film. When compared to neat starch film, the blend films showed broader peaks in DSC patterns, which suggests that incorporation of KGM decreased the crystallinity of ST. Mechanical properties, elongation at break and tensile strength of blend films were significantly higher (112.8% and 22.5 MPa, respectively) than those of neat ST film. Due to the more hydrophilic nature of KGM when compared to ST, the WVTR and moisture absorption of blend films were greater than that of neat ST film. Though KGM is more hydrophillic in nature, blend films with higher amount of KGM (0.643g) showed comparably lower values for both WVTR and moisture absorption than other blends. The solubility of the blend films was lower than that of neat starch film which also confirmed the strong intramolecular attraction between ST and KGM.
Review of direct‐drive radial flux wind turbine generator mechanical design
Authors: Stander Johan N. , Venter Gerhard , Kamper Maarten J. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe direct‐drive radial flux synchronous generator is considered as the modern wind turbine drive train. Both the electrically (e.g., Enercon) and permanent magnet (PM; e.g., Siemens) excited direct‐drive generators are gaining popularity on the market today. Compared with the matured geared counterpart, the electrically excited direct‐drive generator is heavier and more expensive but more reliable per unit capacity. The PM‐excited generator is expensive, is simpler in electromechanical design, has a high power‐to‐weight ratio, and yields a higher energy conversion efficiency than its electrically excited equivalent. The PM generator technology has the potential to yield the highest energy‐to‐cost ratio. However, standardization of this direct‐drive generator parts/subassemblies may overcome the existing cost barrier. Most current literature focuses on PM generator wind turbine technology, specifically on generator energy conversion optimization, and the scalability of technologies to capacities in access of 5 MW. Strangely, PM generator's mass and cost reductions through optimized structural design incorporating manufacturing, transportation, and installation constraints are less studied. This paper solely focuses on the mechanical and structural design aspects of large radial flux synchronous PM generators specific to direct‐drive wind turbines. Generator topologies such as the common iron‐cored and unconventional air‐cored generator are discussed. However, design considerations specific to the iron‐cored generator topology are studied. The design considerations investigated involve the geometries and the configurations of rotor/stator active and inactive structures, the interfaces, and the conductor/PM mounting methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.