bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of professional competencies of Peruvian physicians: A scoping review of published studies
Authors: Rojas-Miliano Cristhian , Aperrigue-Lira Shalom , Barriga-Chambi Fernanda , Huamani-Merma Edson , Taype-Rondan Alvaro 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Evaluating the professional competencies of Peruvian doctors is crucial for proposing necessary improvements. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the specific characteristics and competencies that are assessed in these studies.

Objective
The objective of this study is to characterize published studies focusing on the assessment of professional competencies among physicians in Peru.

Methods
A comprehensive scoping review was conducted, encompassing scientific journal publications that evaluated the professional competencies of physicians in Peru. The search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciELO, with the review period extending until 2022. The identified competencies were classified using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the Ministry of Health of Peru (MINSA) frameworks. The findings were presented using absolute and relative frequency measures.

Results
A total of forty-nine studies focused on the assessment of professional competencies among physicians were identified, indicating an upward trend over the years. The primary focus of these studies was on evaluating competencies related to medical knowledge (79.6% according to ACGME classification) and the treatment of health problems (57.1% according to MINSA classification). However, there was a noticeable lack of emphasis on assessing behavioral competencies such as ethics, professionalism, and communication. Most of the included studies (65.3%) were exclusively conducted in Lima. Among the studies that disclosed their funding sources, 61% were self-funded.

Conclusion
Most studies primarily concentrated on evaluating knowledge-based competencies, specifically in the areas of diagnosis and treatment. There is a scarcity of studies assessing other important competencies. Additionally, centralization and limited funding appear to be areas that require improvement in the evaluation of professional competencies among Peruvian physicians.
Insights into the computer-aided drug design and discovery based on anthraquinone scaffold for cancer treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Chua Hui Ming , Moshawih Said , Kifli Nurolaini , Goh Hui Poh , Ming Long Chiau 
Published: May 2024

Background
In the search for better anticancer drugs, computer-aided drug design (CADD) techniques play an indispensable role in facilitating the lengthy and costly drug discovery process especially when natural products are involved. Anthraquinone is one of the most widely-recognized natural products with anticancer properties. This review aimed to systematically assess and synthesize evidence on the utilization of CADD techniques centered on the anthraquinone scaffold for cancer treatment.

Methods
The conduct and reporting of this review were done in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guideline. The protocol was registered in the “International prospective register of systematic reviews” database (PROSPERO: CRD42023432904) and also published recently. The search strategy was designed based on the combination of concept 1 “CADD or virtual screening”, concept 2 “anthraquinone” and concept 3 “cancer”. The search was executed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and MedRxiv on 30 June 2023.

Results
Databases searching retrieved a total of 317 records. After deduplication and applying the eligibility criteria, the final review ended up with 32 articles in which 3 articles were found by citation searching. The CADD methods used in the studies were either structure-based alone (69%) or combined with ligand-based methods via parallel (9%) or sequential (22%) approaches. Molecular docking was performed in all studies, with Glide and AutoDock being the most popular commercial and public software used respectively. Protein data bank was used in most studies to retrieve the crystal structure of the targets of interest while the main ligand databases were PubChem and Zinc. The utilization of in-silico techniques has enabled a deeper dive into the structural, biological and pharmacological properties of anthraquinone derivatives, revealing their remarkable anticancer properties in an all-rounded fashion.

Conclusion
By harnessing the power of computational tools and leveraging the natural diversity of anthraquinone compounds, researchers can expedite the development of better drugs to address the unmet medical needs in cancer treatment by improving the treatment outcome for cancer patients.
Anthracycline-induced arrhythmias in breast cancer therapy: A meta-analysis of single-arm trials
Authors: Ran Tao , Chen Jinyao , She Qiurui , Mu Yi , Zhang Min , Mao Min , Zuo Zhong , Li Juan 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
As of 2020, breast cancer has emerged as the predominant cause of cancer incidence globally. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy serves as a crucial element in the treatment regimen for breast cancer. However, these anthracycline-based drugs are associated with cardiac toxicity. This study represents the first clinical quantitative analysis aimed at accurately determining the incidences of arrhythmia and abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, thereby providing valuable data to bolster clinical drug usage and monitoring.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The incidence of combined arrhythmias in breast cancer patients and the associated heterogeneity were calculated using either a random effect model or a fixed effect model. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA16.

Results
The study encompassed a total of 37 articles, which included 5705 breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline treatment. Among these patients, 2257 developed arrhythmias. The meta-analysis revealed that the incidence of anthracycline-associated arrhythmias and abnormal ECG changes in breast cancer patients was 0.41 (0.37, 0.44). Subgroup analysis indicated that the incidence of ST-T segment change was 0.19 (0.15, 0.23), the incidence of conduction block was 0.04 (0.02, 0.05), the incidence of premature beats was 0.09 (0.07, 0.11), and the incidence of atrial fibrillation was 0.04 (0.00, 0.12). Additional results are presented in Table 3.

Conclusion
This pioneering study accurately assesses the incidence of arrhythmias in breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines. The findings provide clinicians with valuable insights into understanding and managing the cardiac toxicity associated with such treatment. Moreover, this study lays the foundation for future research exploring the mechanisms underlying these arrhythmias and potential preventative strategies.
Innovation and adaptation: The rise of a fentanyl smoking culture in San Francisco
Authors: Ciccarone Daniel , Holm Nicole , Ondocsin Jeff , Schlosser Allison , Fessel Jason , Cowan Amanda , Mars Sarah G. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Illicitly manufactured fentanyls and stimulants are implicated in the escalating US mortality from drug overdose. San Francisco, California (SF) has seen declining fentanyl injection while smoking has increased. Beliefs and behaviors surrounding this development are not well understood.

Methods
The study used rapid ethnography to explore fentanyl and methamphetamine use in SF. The team conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 34) with participants recruited from syringe service programs. Video-recorded smoking sequences (n = 12), photography and daily field notes supplemented interview data.

Results
Difficulty injecting and fear of overdose motivated transitions from injecting to smoking. Fentanyl was extremely cheap—$10/gram—with variability in quality. Foil was the most commonly used smoking material but glass bubbles, bongs and dabbing devices were also popular. No reliable visible methods for determining fentanyl quality existed, however, participants could gauge potency upon inhalation, and developed techniques to regulate dosage. Several participants reported at least hourly use, some reporting one or more grams of daily fentanyl consumption. Smoking was also very social, with people sharing equipment, drugs and information. Participants raised concerns about hygiene and overdose risk to others arising from shared equipment. Reportedly potent fentanyl ‘residue’ accumulated on smoking materials and was commonly shared/traded/stolen or consumed accidentally with diverse preferences for its use.

Conclusion
Our data highlight fentanyl residue as a new overdose risk with potential mismatch between the potency of the residual drug and the recipient’s tolerance. Further, large doses of fentanyl are being consumed (estimated at approximately 50 mg of pure fentanyl/day). Smoking fentanyl has potential health benefits over injecting and may be protective against overdose, but substantial uncertainty exists. However, SF overdose mortality hit a record high in 2023. Recommendations to reduce fentanyl smoking overdose risks through pacing, greater awareness of dosages consumed and checking tolerance of residue recipients are potentially viable interventions deserving further exploration.
Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school-aged children in pastoralist communities of Kenya: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kihoro Richelle W. , Mulewa Damaris , Okoyo Collins , Ayaa Dominic , Korir Agnes , Njomo Doris W. , Mwandawiro Charles , Masaku Janet 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, the National School Based Deworming Program (NSBDP) was launched in 2012 with a goal of reducing STH prevalence in school-aged children (SAC) to <1%, however monitoring and evaluation results have consistently showed > 20% prevalence in Narok County. We conducted a study to investigate factors associated with STH infections among SAC in Narok County.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 514 SAC from five schools in Trans Mara West sub-county, Narok County. The sub-county was selected because it had participating schools within the NSBDP with a high prevalence of STH infection. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Stool samples collected from participants were examined for STH eggs using Kato-Katz technique. An open data kit questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographics, household, and STH knowledge information from 139 of the 514 SAC. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data, prevalence and mean intensity of infections were calculated, and logistic regression used to determine factors associated with STH infections.

Results
The overall prevalence of any STH infection was 24.6% (95%CI: 21.1–28.6). Trichuris trichiura 14.4% (95%CI: 11.7–17.8), Ascaris lumbricoides 12.5% (95%CI: 9.9–15.7) and hookworm 0%. From multivariable analysis the only factors significantly associated with increased risk of STH infection were, children attending Karda and Nkarano schools with aOR = 5.29 (95%CI: 1.45–19.24); p = 0.011 and aOR = 4.53 (95%CI: 1.29–15.97); p = 0.019 respectively. For A. lumbricoides, children attending Nkarano School were associated with a significant risk of infection with aOR = 7.81 (95%CI: 1.81–33.63); p = 0.006.

Conclusions
Despite the ongoing work of NSBDP, the STH prevalence is still ≥ 20% in Trans Mara West sub-county Narok County, among SAC. This underscores the need for continued annual MDA. Additionally, if possible, drug combinations may effectively manage T. trichiura, the region’s most common helminth. The study found a correlation between children attending specific schools and STH infection risk, suggesting the importance of health education and improved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices holistically both in schools and associated catchment areas that can act as STH reservoirs to alleviate the burden of STH.
On line bundles arising from the LCK structure over locally conformal Kähler solvmanifolds
Authors: Yamada Takumi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We can construct a real line bundle arising from the locally conformal Kähler (LCK) structure over an LCK manifold. We study the properties of this line bundle over an LCK solvmanifold whose complex structure is left-invariant. Mainly, we prove that this line bundle

L

L

over an LCK solvmanifold

Γ
\
G

\Gamma \backslash G

with left-invariant complex structure is flat and

G

G

has a global closed 2-form, which induces an Hermitian structure on the holomorphic tangent bundle twisted by the line bundle

L

C

=
L
⊗
C

{L}^{{\mathbb{C}}}=L\otimes {\mathbb{C}}

if the Lee form is cohomologous to a left-invariant 1-form on

G

G

.
The Heterogeneous Effect and Transmission Paths of Air Pollution on Housing Prices: Evidence from 30 Large- and Medium-Sized Cities in China
Authors: Liu Guangping , Zhang Guo , Li Yanfei , Yu Yang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Utilizing panel data from 30 large- and medium-sized cities in China from 2003 to 2018, this study employs the bootstrap method to investigate the heterogeneous impact of air pollution on housing prices and its underlying mechanisms. The research findings indicate that an increase in the concentration of various air pollutants has a restraining effect on housing prices, with the primary components of haze exerting a greater influence. Air pollution indirectly affects housing prices by influencing urban economic development and the development of the tertiary industry, with population density and the development of the secondary industry not serving as mediators in this relationship. Finally, policy recommendations are provided, including enhancing mandatory standards for energy consumption and waste gas emissions by enterprises, establishing a robust environmental monitoring system, and promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, aiming to provide insights for the stable development of the real estate industry.
Synthetic and therapeutic review of triazoles and hybrids
Authors: Goyal Akshi , Bhandari Meena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Triazoles act as important pharmacophores in showing biological activity such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumour/anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities. Literature review suggests that triazoles have been maximally used in carrying research related activities in reference to biological evaluation as compared to other nitrogen containing five membered heterocycles like tetrazoles, pentazoles, pyrazoles, and imidazoles. The first compound of this class was discovered by Janseen Group in 1960s. The microbes act counteractively towards antibiotics which in turn challenge the efficacy of the drugs and thus create room for the progression of more potent avant-garde drugs. Thus, the synthesis of hybrid molecules has been accelerated from last two decades as the hybrids possess more potency, vigour, and adequacy than its constituting pharmacophores. So, this review represents a condensed report of the research carried out in relation to synthetical procedures and assessment of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of triazoles.
Situating Tort Law Within a Web of Institutions: Insights for the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Martínez Alles María Guadalupe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Reasonableness and Risk offers two main claims that might open up fruitful avenues for further reflection. The first claim has to do with the need to abandon form and turn our attention to substance. The argument is that we cannot understand or justify the law of torts without attending to the interests that it protects. The second claim is related to the need to abandon the habit of treating torts in isolation and instead study its integration within a web of institutions which share responsibility for protecting the urgent interests of members of society. The argument here is that our urgent interest in physical integrity exceeds (goes beyond and is greater than) the law of torts. In engaging with these claims, this paper points out potential connections with some pressing questions for both tort law and risk regulation brought to the fore by the recent emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems.
Focused physicochemical stability study of reconstituted trastuzumab biosimilar SB3 (Ontruzant®) stored in the original vials over 28 days
Authors: Knoll Laura , Thiesen Judith , Krämer Irene 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Trastuzumab biosimilar SB3 (Ontruzant®), a HER2 binding monoclonal antibody, is available as powder for concentrate for solution for infusion. According to the summary of product characteristics, the reconstituted solution (21 mg/mL) is physicochemically stable for 7 days when stored refrigerated at 2–8 °C. The objective of this focused study was to determine the extended physicochemical stability of trastuzumab SB3 reconstituted with water for injection and stored in the original glass vials under refrigeration or at room temperature over a period of 28 days.

Methods
Ontruzant® vials were reconstituted with sterile water for injection and stored light protected at 2–8 °C in the refrigerator or at room temperature (15–25 °C, Ph. Eur.) over a maximum period of 28 days. At predefined time points (day 0, 7, 14, (21), 28) samples were withdrawn and analyzed by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and pH measurement. Test solutions were inspected for colour changes, clarity, and visible particles at each sampling time point.

Results
According to the size-exclusion chromatography assay, trastuzumab SB3 monomer concentrations exceeded 95 % of the initially measured concentrations over the entire study period. pH values and trastuzumab concentrations measured by UV remained unchanged. No colour changes or visible particles were detected. Results were independent from storage temperature.

Conclusions
According to the stability indicating methods used, physicochemical stability of reconstituted trastuzumab SB3 Ontruzant® solution in original glass vials is given over a period of 28 days either stored refrigerated or at room temperature. Results have to be substantiated by IE-HPLC or icIEF. To avoid microbiological instability storage under refrigeration is recommended.
Cancer-related pain experienced in daily life is difficult to communicate and to manage – for patients and for professionals
Authors: Ikander Tine , Raunkiær Mette , Voetmann Cecilie , Pedersen Caroline V. , Jarlbaek Lene 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to gain qualitative insight into cancer patients’ experiences, explanations, and management strategies regarding their cancer-related pain (CP).

Methods
Seventeen patients with CP were interviewed using a semi-structured interview approach. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. The patients all participated in cancer rehabilitation courses arranged by the research clinic at The Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care.

Results
Three themes were identified: (1) Explaining CP: Patients found it difficult to explain how they experienced their pain. They lacked words, and they frequently used invasive metaphors such as “Pain feels like a heart attack” (2). Strategies and barriers to the management of CP: Initiatives provided by healthcare professionals (HCPs) were perceived as insufficient, and the patients missed guidance in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to pain management. Several saw medicine as unnatural for their body, and they focused on side effects and the medicine affecting their quality of life. (3) Responsibility for managing CP: A lack of responsiveness from the HCPs and taking on responsibility for pain management were experienced by several of the patients. The patients expressed uncertainty about whom to contact for help with the management of their CP.

Conclusion
The patients’ difficulties in explaining, understanding, and communicating their pain and pain management contributed to insufficient pain management. They were also uncertain about who had the responsibility to help them to achieve pain relief. These results share the evidence drawn from studies on patients with chronic non-cancer pain. This qualitative study highlights the need for having more focus on a common language and shared understanding between patients and HCPs. It also underpins the importance of HCPs to assume their responsibility to help patients manage their pain conditions.
Sympathy and Pride in George Eliot’s Fiction
Authors: Malachuk Daniel S. 
Published: May 2024

Daniel S. Malachuk, “Sympathy and Pride in George Eliot’s Fiction” (pp. 32–58)
Sympathy’s undisputed champion, George Eliot, has also long been associated with modern liberalism’s aspiration to inclusion. In her fiction, though, Eliot reaches conclusions more aligned with Rousseau’s Second Discourse: only a balance of sympathy for others with pride in oneself will foster the reciprocal relationships that enable inclusive societies. This essay illuminates Eliot’s unwavering conviction that sympathy and pride must be harmonized as moral motivations in three of her major novels. What did waver, though, was Eliot’s political confidence that liberal states would promote this harmonizing program. If the tragic conflict between Tom’s pride and Maggie’s sympathy in The Mill on the Floss (1860) was optimistically resolved by the harmonious protagonists of Middlemarch (1871–72), Eliot’s political skepticism returns in Daniel Deronda (1876): here, the proudly powerful at best only pretend to sympathize, while the sympathetic are empowered by pride only if they’re lucky. Rousseau’s final lesson to Eliot, then, is his pessimism.
From Discrimination to Dismissal: Navigating Obstacles on the Path to Workplace Justice
Authors: Tomsej Jakub 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article explores the challenges faced by employees in the Czech Republic when seeking legal redress in cases of discrimination and unfair dismissal. It emphasizes the importance of accessible legal recourse as a means to rectify individual grievances and reinforce equitable employment practices. In the context of discrimination, the article discusses challenges such as low awareness of anti-discrimination rights and the ancillary nature of sanctions. Recommendations include aligning the Anti-Discrimination Act with the Civil Code, empowering NGOs or the Ombudsman to initiate lawsuits in the public interest, and raising awareness among potential victims. In the section on unfair dismissal, the article outlines the complex process involved in disputing terminations from an employee’s perspective. It discusses obstacles such as complex, costly, and lengthy legal procedures and the requirement for reinstatement. These challenges contribute to the low number of employment lawsuits in the Czech Republic. Recommendations for improvement include enhancing the visibility of court actions, providing free or subsidized legal advice, shifting the focus of lawsuits towards monetary compensation, promoting mediation, and expediting proceedings. The article identifies common challenges in discrimination and unfair dismissal cases in the Czech Republic, highlighting the need for reforms to improve access to justice, reduce financial barriers, expedite legal proceedings, and enhance the dissuasive impact of remedies. These reforms are seen as essential for creating a fair and equitable workplace environment for all employees in the country.