bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of hip strength estimates by finite-element analysis with fractures in women and men
Authors: Amin Shreyasee , Kopperdhal David L , Melton L Joseph , Achenbach Sara J , Therneau Terry M , Riggs B Lawrence , Keaveny Tony M , Khosla Sundeep 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Finite-element analysis (FEA) of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans can estimate site-specific whole-bone strength. However, it is uncertain whether the site-specific detail included in FEA-estimated proximal femur (hip) strength can determine fracture risk at sites with different biomechanical characteristics. To address this question, we used FEA of proximal femur QCT scans to estimate hip strength and load-to-strength ratio during a simulated sideways fall and measured total hip areal and volumetric bone mineral density (aBMD and vBMD) from QCT images in an age-stratified random sample of community-dwelling adults age 35 years or older. Among 314 women (mean age ± SD: 61 ± 15 years; 235 postmenopausal) and 266 men (62 ± 16 years), 139 women and 104 men had any prevalent fracture, whereas 55 Women and 28 men had a prevalent osteoporotic fracture that had occurred at age 35 years or older. Odds ratios by age-adjusted logistic regression analysis for prevalent overall and osteoporotic fractures each were similar for FEA hip strength and load-to-strength ratio, as well as for total hip aBMD and vBMD. C-statistics (estimated areas under ROC curves) also were similar [eg, 0.84 to 0.85 (women) and 0.75 to 0.78 (men) for osteoporotic fractures]. In women and men, the association with prevalent osteoporotic fractures increased below an estimated hip strength of approximately 3000 N. Despite its site-specific nature, FEA-estimated hip strength worked equally well at predicting prevalent overall and osteoporotic fractures. Furthermore, an estimated hip strength below 3000 N may represent a critical level of systemic skeletal fragility in both sexes that warrants further investigation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Differences in bone microarchitecture between postmenopausal Chinese-American and white women
Authors: Walker Marcella D , Liu X Sherry , Stein Emily , Zhou Bin , Bezati Ervis , McMahon Donald J , Udesky Julia , Liu George , Shane Elizabeth , Guo X Edward , Bilezikian John P 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Chinese-American women have lower rates of hip and forearm fracture than white women despite lower areal bone density (aBMD) by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We recently reported higher trabecular (Dtrab) and cortical (Dcomp) bone density as well as greater trabecular (Tb.Th) and cortical thickness (C.Th) but smaller bone area (CSA), as measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), in premenopausal Chinese-American compared with white women. These findings may help to account for the lower fracture rate among Chinese-American women but were limited to measurements in premenopausal women. This study was designed to extend these investigations to postmenopausal Chinese-American (n = 29) and white (n = 68) women. Radius CSA was 10% smaller in the Chinese-American versus the white group (p = .008), whereas their C.Th and Dcomp values were 18% and 6% greater (p &lt; .001 for both). Tibial HR-pQCT results for cortical bone were similar to the radius, but Tb.Th was 11% greater in Chinese-American versus white women (p = .007). Tibial trabecular number and spacing were 17% lower and 20% greater, respectively, in Chinese-American women (p &lt; .0001 for both). There were no differences in trabecular or whole-bone stiffness estimated by microstructural finite-element analysis, but Chinese-American women had a greater percentage of load carried by the cortical bone compartment at the distal radius and tibia. There was no difference in load distribution at the proximal radius or tibia. Whole-bone finite-element analysis may indicate that the thicker, more dense cortical bone and thicker trabeculae in postmenopausal Chinese-American women compensate for fewer trabeculae and smaller bone size. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Osteal macrophages promote in vivo intramembranous bone healing in a mouse tibial injury model
Authors: Alexander Kylie A , Chang Ming K , Maylin Erin R , Kohler Thomas , Müller Ralph , Wu Andy C , Van Rooijen Nico , Sweet Matthew J , Hume David A , Raggatt Liza J , Pettit Allison R 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBone-lining tissues contain a population of resident macrophages termed osteomacs that interact with osteoblasts in vivo and control mineralization in vitro. The role of osteomacs in bone repair was investigated using a mouse tibial bone injury model that heals primarily through intramembranous ossification and progresses through all major phases of stabilized fracture repair. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that at least two macrophage populations, F4/80+Mac-2−/lowTRACP− osteomacs and F4/80+Mac-2hiTRACP− inflammatory macrophages, were present within the bone injury site and persisted throughout the healing time course. In vivo depletion of osteomacs/macrophages (either using the Mafia transgenic mouse model or clodronate liposome delivery) or osteoclasts (recombinant osteoprotegerin treatment) established that osteomacs were required for deposition of collagen type 1+ (CT1+) matrix and bone mineralization in the tibial injury model, as assessed by quantitative immunohistology and micro–computed tomography. Conversely, administration of the macrophage growth factor colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) increased the number of osteomacs/macrophages at the injury site significantly with a concurrent increase in new CT1+ matrix deposition and enhanced mineralization. This study establishes osteomacs as participants in intramembranous bone healing and as targets for primary anabolic bone therapies. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The V–ATPase a3 subunit mutation R740S is dominant negative and results in osteopetrosis in mice
Authors: Ochotny Noelle , Flenniken Ann M , Owen Celeste , Voronov Irina , Zirngibl Ralph A , Osborne Lucy R , Henderson Janet E , Adamson S Lee , Rossant Janet , Manolson Morris F , Aubin Jane E 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
A mouse founder with high bone mineral density and an osteopetrotic phenotype was identified in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) screen. It was found to carry a dominant missense mutation in the Tcirg1 gene that encodes the a3 subunit of the vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V–ATPase), resulting in replacement of a highly conserved amino acid (R740S). The +/R740S mice have normal appearance, size, and weight but exhibit high bone density. Osteoblast parameters are unaffected in bones of +/R740S mice, whereas osteoclast number and marker expression are increased, concomitant with a decrease in the number of apoptotic osteoclasts. Consistent with reduced osteoclast apoptosis, expression of Rankl and Bcl2 is elevated, whereas Casp3 is reduced. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that unlike other known mutations in the a3 subunit of V–ATPase, polarization and ruffled border formation appear normal in +/R740S osteoclasts. However, V–ATPases from +/R740S osteoclast membranes have severely reduced proton transport, whereas ATP hydrolysis is not significantly affected. We show for the first time that a point mutation within the a3 subunit, R740S, which is dominant negative for proton pumping and bone resorption, also uncouples proton pumping from ATP hydrolysis but has no effect on ruffled border formation or polarization of osteoclasts. These results suggest that the V0 complex has proton-pumping-independent functions in mammalian cells. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ImKTx1, a new Kv1.3 channel blocker with a unique primary structure
Authors: Chen Zongyun , Hu Youtian , Han Song , Yin Shijin , He Yawen , Wu Yingliang , Cao Zhijian , Li Wenxin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractToxins from the venoms of scorpion, snake, and spider are valuable tools to probe the structure–function relationship of ion channels. In this investigation, a new toxin gene encoding the peptide ImKTx1 was isolated from the venom gland of the scorpion Isometrus maculates by constructing cDNA library method, and the recombinant ImKTx1 peptide was characterized physiologically. The mature peptide of ImKTx1 has 39 amino acid residues including six cross‐linked cysteines. The electrophysiological experiments showed that the recombinant ImKTx1 peptide had a pharmacological profile where it inhibited Kv1.3 channel currents with IC50 of 1.70 n± 1.35 µM, whereas 10 µM rImKTx1 peptide inhibited about 40% Kv1.1 and 42% Kv1.2 channel currents, respectively. In addition, 10 µM rImKTx1 had no effect on the Nav1.2 and Nav1.4 channel currents. Multiple sequence alignments showed that ImKTx1 had no homologous toxin peptide, but it was similar with Ca2+ channel toxins from scorpion and spider in the arrangement of cysteine residues. These results indicate that ImKTx1 is a new Kv1.3 channel blocker with a unique primary structure. Our results indicate the diversity of K+ channel toxins from scorpion venoms and also provide a new molecular template targeting Kv1.3 channel. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:244–251, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20382
Neurodegeneration by activated microglia across a nanofiltration membrane
Authors: Graber David J. , Snyder‐Keller Abigail , Lawrence David A. , Turner James N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMicroglia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, but their precise role remains elusive. Although neuron loss in the presence of lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated microglia has been well documented, a novel coculture paradigm was developed as a new approach to assess the diffusible, soluble mediators of neurodegeneration. Isolated microglia were plated on membrane inserts that were coated with a layer of cellulose acetate. The cellulose acetate–coated membranes have nanofiltration properties, in that only molecules with masses less than 350 Da can pass through. Products released from activated microglia that were separated from primary ventral mesencephalon cells beneath the nanofiltering membrane were able to kill the dopamine neurons. Microglial cytokines cannot diffuse through this separating membrane. Addition of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor prevented the loss of the dopamine neurons. These data describe a novel coculture system for studying diffusible factors and further support nitric oxide production as an important mediator in microglia‐induced neuron death. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:45–53 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20384
Effect of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress on endogenous levels of coenzyme Q10 in human cells
Authors: Yen Hsiu‐Chuan , Chen Feng‐Yuan , Chen Shih‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Hsiang , Chen Yun‐Ru , Chen Chih‐Wei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLittle is known about the regulation of endogenous CoQ10 levels in response to mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress although exogenous CoQ10 has been extensively used in humans. In this study, we first demonstrated that acute treatment of antimycin A, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III, and the absence of mitochondrial DNA suppressed CoQ10 levels in human 143B cells. Because these two conditions also enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we further investigated whether oxidative stress or mitochondrial dysfunction primarily contributed to the decrease of CoQ10 levels. Results showed that H2O2 augmented CoQ10 levels, but carbonyl cyanide‐p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), a chemical uncoupler, decreased CoQ10 levels in 143B cells. However, H2O2 and FCCP both increased mRNA levels of multiple COQ genes for biosynthesis of CoQ10. Our findings suggest that ROS induced CoQ10 biosynthesis, whereas mitochondrial energy deficiency caused secondary suppression of CoQ10 levels possibly due to impaired import of COQ proteins into mitochondria. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:280–289, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20387
Change in self‐protect ion and symptoms after dynamic psychotherapy: the influence of pretreatment motivation
Authors: Marble Alice , Høglend Per , Ulberg Randi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe First Experimental Study of Transference‐interpretations (FEST) is a dismantling, randomized clinical trial of the long‐term effects of transference interpretation. This article looks at the influence of motivation on the ability to self‐protect and symptoms. Patients were randomized to receive a moderate level of transference interpretations or no transference interpretation. Assessments were made at pretreatment, midtreatment, posttreatment, and at two follow‐ups. The outcome measure, change in ability to self‐protect, was cluster 4 of the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) Long Form Intrex Introject Questionnaire, a measure close to the SASB‐coded treatment process. Symptom change (SCL‐90) was also analyzed. Pretreatment motivation was a significant moderator of change in the ability to self‐protect and in symptom distress. Those with low motivation had a significant, positive, and long‐term treatment effect of transference interpretation. Patients with low motivation showed a significant, negative effect of transference interpretation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–13, 2011.
Role of sensitivity to anxiety symptoms in responsiveness to mindfulness versus suppression strategies for coping with smoking cravings
Authors: Rogojanski Jenny , Vettese Lisa C. , Antony Martin M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMindfulness strategies for managing cravings involve present‐moment, nonjudgmental awareness of cravings without acting on them, while suppression involves pushing cravings out of awareness. Few studies have investigated individual differences in responding to these strategies. The current study examined whether individual differences in anxiety sensitivity moderate responsiveness to mindfulness versus suppression for coping with smoking cravings. Participants (N=61) utilized a mindfulness or suppression strategy to manage cravings during cue exposure to cigarettes and were evaluated for self‐efficacy 7 days later. Greater anxiety sensitivity after cue exposure was associated with increased self‐efficacy in the suppression condition. This suggests that anxiety‐sensitive individuals who utilize suppression may cope better with cravings, at least in the early days after learning these strategies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–7, 2011.
Distributing vertices on Hamiltonian cycles
Authors: Faudree Ralph J. , Gould Ronald J. , Jacobson Michael S. , Magnant Colton 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLet G be a graph of order n and 3≤t≤n/4 be an integer. Recently, Kaneko and Yoshimoto [J Combin Theory Ser B 81(1) (2001), 100–109] provided a sharp δ(G) condition such that for any set X of t vertices, G contains a hamiltonian cycle H so that the distance along H between any two vertices of X is at least n/2t. In this article, minimum degree and connectivity conditions are determined such that for any graph G of sufficiently large order n and for any set of t vertices X⊆V(G), there is a hamiltonian cycle H so that the distance along H between any two consecutive vertices of X is approximately n/t. Furthermore, the minimum degree threshold is determined for the existence of a hamiltonian cycle H such that the vertices of X appear in a prescribed order at approximately predetermined distances along H. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 28–45, 2012
Vizing's conjecture: a survey and recent results
Authors: Brešar, Boštjan , Dorbec, Paul , Goddard, Wayne , Hartnell, Bert L. , Henning, Michael A. , Klavžar, Sandi , Rall and Douglas F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractVizing's conjecture from 1968 asserts that the domination number of the Cartesian product of two graphs is at least as large as the product of their domination numbers. In this paper we survey the approaches to this central conjecture from domination theory and give some new results along the way. For instance, several new properties of a minimal counterexample to the conjecture are obtained and a lower bound for the domination number is proved for products of claw‐free graphs with arbitrary graphs. Open problems, questions and related conjectures are discussed throughout the paper. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 46–76, 2012
Extremal graphs having no matching cuts
Authors: Bonsma Paul , Farley Arthur M. , Proskurowski Andrzej 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA graph G = (V, E) is matching immune if there is no matching cut in G. We show that for any matching immune graph G, |E|≥⌈3(|V|−1)/2⌉. This bound is tight, as we define operations that construct, from a given vertex, exactly the class of matching immune graphs that attain the bound. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69:206‐222, 2012
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Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides that contain a triazole‐linked nucleic acid dimer
Authors: Efthymiou Tim C. , Desaulniers Jean‐Paul 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNew chemically modified oligonucleotides at the site of the backbone are needed to improve the properties of oligonucleotides. A practical synthesis for a triazole‐linked nucleoside dimer based on a PNA‐like structure has been developed. This involves synthesizing two uracil‐based monomers that contain either an azide or an alkyne functionality, followed by copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. This dimer was incorporated within an oligonucleotide via phosphoramidite chemistry and UV‐monitored thermal denaturation data illustrates slight destabilization relative to its target complementary sequence. This chemically modified dimer will allow for a future investigation of its properties within DNA and RNA‐based applications. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Using mobile phones to collect panel data in developing countries
Authors: Dillon Brian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe rapid spread of mobile telephony throughout the developing world offers researchers a new and exciting means of data collection. This paper describes and analyses the experience of a research project that used mobile phones to collect high frequency, quantitative economic data from households in rural Tanzania. I discuss the research design, highlight some of the mistakes made and lessons learned, and speculate on the applicability of this method in other settings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibratory behavior reduction of electrical machines through materials properties evaluation
Authors: Ferkha N. , Mekideche M. R. , Torregrossa D. , Djerdir A. , Miraoui A. , Peyraut F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMost of the electromagnetic devices, especially electrical machines, have the disadvantage to be exposed to high vibrations caused by magnetic forces. The aim of this study is to propose a methodology to optimize the cylindrical stators generally used in electrical machines regarding the vibration phenomena. Techniques for vibration reduction require knowledge of the proper frequencies, which depend on mechanical shapes and dimensions as well as material properties such as mass density, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. This paper proposes a new approach which is based on the identification of mass density (lamination stacking factor) and Young's modulus in the goal to minimize the vibratory behavior of electrical machines. In this goal, we have used artificial intelligent and finite element method (FEM) analysis to solve the magneto‐mechanical inverse problem (IP). In the proposed approach, a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) is used as a forward model in order to decrease the FEM time consuming. Thus, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to solve the IP in a reasonable time of running. An example study of an induction machine proves that the developed approach may be applied in both design and identification applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Air circulation and its impact on microclimatic variables in the Císařská Cave (Moravian Karst, Czech Republic)
Authors: Faimon Jiří , Troppová Dana , Baldík Vít , Novotný Roman 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAirflows and their impact on microclimatic parameters were studied in the two‐entranced Císařská Cave (Moravian Karst, Czech Republic). Basing on the airflow direction with respect to the upper entrance (UE) and lower entrance (LE), three ventilation modes were distinguished: upward airflow one (UAF mode), downward airflow one (DAF mode), and transitional mode. A switching between the UAF and DAF happens in the transitional mode, in the range of external temperatures from 9.5 to 11.1 °C. Basing on the extent of cave ventilation, a period of active ventilation and period of stagnant ventilation were recognised. The cave air is intensively exchanged with external airs during the active ventilation period when the cave persists in either the DAF or UAF mode. During the stagnant ventilation period, the single airflow modes switch during diurnal cycle and only cave entering passages are vented (impacted). The airflows were found to depend (i) linearly on the differences in cave‐outdoor air densities, (ii) nonlinearly on the external temperature, and (iii) both linearly (LE) and non‐linearly (UE) on the temperature gradient. Majority of the airflows showed high‐frequency oscillations with the period from tens of seconds to minutes and with the amplitude up to 0.1 m3 s−1. Different airflow spectra were found at the individual entrances. The highest spectral densities were registered at low driving forces. The air circulation changed the pattern of temperature distribution depending on the ventilation mode and ventilation period. The cave relaxation length varied in the extreme range from 1 to 69.6 m. The asymptotic temperature and asymptotic specific humidity varied from 7.5 to 11.8 °C, and from 5.47 to 7.15 kg kg−1, respectively. The impact of airflows on the cave CO2 levels is discussed based on a dynamic model. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society