bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting-state functional connectivity in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Spencer Arthur P C , Goodfellow Marc , Chakkarapani Ela , Brooks Jonathan C W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia improves outcomes following neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, reducing cases of death and severe disability such as cerebral palsy compared with normothermia management. However, when cooled children reach early school-age, they have cognitive and motor impairments which are associated with underlying alterations to brain structure and white matter connectivity. It is unknown whether these differences in structural connectivity are associated with differences in functional connectivity between cooled children and healthy controls. Resting-state functional MRI has been used to characterize static and dynamic functional connectivity in children, both with typical development and those with neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous studies of resting-state brain networks in children with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy have focussed on the neonatal period. In this study, we used resting-state fMRI to investigate static and dynamic functional connectivity in children aged 6–8 years who were cooled for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic without cerebral palsy [n = 22, median age (interquartile range) 7.08 (6.85–7.52) years] and healthy controls matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status [n = 20, median age (interquartile range) 6.75 (6.48–7.25) years]. Using group independent component analysis, we identified 31 intrinsic functional connectivity networks consistent with those previously reported in children and adults. We found no case-control differences in the spatial maps of these intrinsic connectivity networks. We constructed subject-specific static functional connectivity networks by measuring pairwise Pearson correlations between component time courses and found no case-control differences in functional connectivity after false discovery rate correction. To study the time-varying organization of resting-state networks, we used sliding window correlations and deep clustering to investigate dynamic functional connectivity characteristics. We found k = 4 repetitively occurring functional connectivity states, which exhibited no case-control differences in dwell time, fractional occupancy or state functional connectivity matrices. In this small cohort, the spatiotemporal characteristics of resting-state brain networks in cooled children without severe disability were too subtle to be differentiated from healthy controls at early school-age, despite underlying differences in brain structure and white matter connectivity, possibly reflecting a level of recovery of healthy resting-state brain function. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate resting-state functional connectivity in children with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy beyond the neonatal period and the first to investigate dynamic functional connectivity in any children with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.
Remarkably facilitated crystallization of MSE-type zeolite by using an efficient organic structure-directing agent
Authors: Nakamura Kaisei , Okubo Kai , Takaoka Fumiya , Zhang Shengxiang , Inagaki Satoshi , Kubota Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A very powerful organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) for the synthesis of MSE-type zeolite was designed and successfully prepared. When using conventional OSDA, more than 10 d of crystallization time was necessary, whereas the use of the new type of OSDA gave a highly crystalline MSE-type zeolite using only 32 h of crystallization time.
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, eosinophilic peroxidase, eotaxin-3, and galectin-3 in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, and in healthy controls: a semiquantitative image analysis of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine-stained esophageal biopsies
Authors: Plate John , Bove Mogens , Larsson Helen M , Norder Grusell Elisabeth , Chatterjee Nabanita , Johansson Leif E , Bergquist Henrik 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) share many histopathological features; therefore, markers for differentiation are of diagnostic interest and may add to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The nitrergic system is upregulated in GERD and probably also in EoE. Esophageal biopsies of patients with EoE (n = 20), GERD (n = 20), and healthy volunteers (HVs) (n = 15) were exposed to antibodies against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, eosinophilic peroxidase, eotaxin-3, and galectin-3. The stained object glasses were randomized, digitized, and blindly analyzed regarding the expression of DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine) by a protocol developed in QuPath software. A statistically significant overexpression of iNOS was observed in patients with any of the two inflammatory diseases compared with that in HVs. Eotaxin-3 could differentiate HVs versus inflammatory states. Gastroesophageal reflux patients displayed the highest levels of nitrotyrosine. Neither iNOS nor nitrotyrosine alone were able to differentiate between the two diseases. For that purpose, eosinophil peroxidase was a better candidate, as the mean levels increased stepwise from HVs via GERD to EoE. iNOS and nitrotyrosine are significantly overexpressed in patients with EoE and GERD compared with healthy controls, but only eosinophil peroxidase could differentiate the two types of esophagitis. The implications of the finding of the highest levels of nitrotyrosine among gastroesophageal reflux patients are discussed.
Preoperative smoking status and long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting: a competing risk analysis
Authors: Abreu Armando , Máximo José , Leite-Moreira Adelino 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Patients with severe coronary artery disease who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting consistently demonstrate that continued smoking after surgery increases late mortality rates. Smoking may exert its harmful effects through the ongoing chronic process of atherosclerotic progression both in the grafts and the native system. However, it is not clear whether cardiac mortality is primary and solely responsible for the inferior late survival of current smokers.

METHODS
In this retrospective analysis, we included all consecutive patients undergoing primary isolated coronary artery bypass surgery from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2015 in an Academic Hospital in Northern Portugal. The predictive or independent variable was the patients' smoking history status, a categorical variable with 3 levels: non-smoker (the comparator), ex-smoker for &gt;1 year (exposure 1) and current smoker (exposure 2). The primary end point was long-term all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were long-term cause-specific mortality (cardiovascular and noncardiovascular). We fitted overall and Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models.

RESULTS
We identified 5242 eligible patients. Follow-up was 99.7% complete (with 17 patients lost to follow-up). The median follow-up time was 12.79 years (interquartile range, 9.51–16.60). Throughout the study, there were 2049 deaths (39.1%): 877 from cardiovascular causes (16.7%), 727 from noncardiovascular causes (13.9%) and 445 from unknown causes (8.5%). Ex-smokers had an identical long-term survival than non-smokers [hazard ratio (HR) 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88, 1.12; P = 0.899]. Conversely, current smokers had a 24% increase in late mortality risk (HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07, 1.44; P = 0.004) as compared to non-smokers. While the current smoker status increased the relative incidence of noncardiac death by 61% (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.27, 2.05, P &lt; 0.001), it did confer a 25% reduction in the relative incidence of cardiac death (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.59, 0.97; P = 0.025).

CONCLUSIONS
Whereas ex-smokers have an identical long-term survival to non-smokers, current smokers exhibit an increase in late all-cause mortality risk at the expense of an increased relative incidence of noncardiac death. By subtracting the inciting risk factor, smoking cessation reduces the relative incidence of cardiac death.
Validation of a machine learning algorithm to identify pulmonary vein isolation during ablation procedures for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: results of the PVISION study
Authors: De Pooter Jan , Timmers Liesbeth , Boveda Serge , Combes Stephane , Knecht Sebastien , Almorad Alexandre , De Asmundis Carlos , Duytschaever Mattias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of ablation for atrial fibrillation. Confirmation of PVI can be challenging due to the presence of far-field electrograms (EGMs) and sometimes requires additional pacing manoeuvres or mapping. This prospective multicentre study assessed the agreement between a previously trained automated algorithm designed to determine vein isolation status with expert opinion in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients scheduled for PVI were recruited at four centres. The ECGenius electrophysiology (EP) recording system (CathVision ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark) was connected in parallel with the existing system in the laboratory. Electrograms from a circular mapping catheter were annotated during sinus rhythm at baseline pre-ablation, time of isolation, and post-ablation. The ground truth for isolation status was based on operator opinion. The algorithm was applied to the collected PV signals off-line and compared with expert opinion. The primary endpoint was a sensitivity and specificity exceeding 80%. Overall, 498 EGMs (248 at baseline and 250 at PVI) with 5473 individual PV beats from 89 patients (32 females, 62 ± 12 years) were analysed. The algorithm performance reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 92% and met the primary study endpoint with a sensitivity and specificity of 86 and 87%, respectively (P = 0.005; P = 0.004). The algorithm had an accuracy rate of 87% in classifying the time of isolation.

Conclusion
This study validated an automated algorithm using machine learning to assess the isolation status of pulmonary veins in patients undergoing PVI with different ablation modalities. The algorithm reached an AUC of 92%, with both sensitivity and specificity exceeding the primary study endpoints.
Lipid changes and volatile compounds formation in different processing stages of dry-cured Spanish mackerel
Authors: Wang Shanyu , Jian Chong , Hu Mengyue , Zhao Ling , Sun Huihui , Liu Qi , Cao Rong , Xue Yong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study delves into the alterations in lipids and major flavor compounds occurring throughout various drying stages (raw fish, dry-cured for 4, 8, and 12 d) of dry-cured Spanish mackerel (DCSM) and elucidates the mechanism underlying their formation.

Materials and Methods
In this paper, we used Thin Layer Chromatography and Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry to determine the changes in lipid and volatile substances during the drying process of Spanish mackerel.

Results
The phospholipid, triacylglycerol, heptanal, t-2-hexenal, and dimethyl disulfide contents were notably lower in the samples collected 4 d before processing. The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances significantly increased after 4–8 d, concomitant with the generation of numerous volatile compounds, including alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. Substantial quantities of 2-methylbutyraldehyde, thiazole, butyl acetate, and trimethylpyrazine emerged during the 8–12 d processing phase. Furthermore, C18:1n-9, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 demonstrated noteworthy correlations with the development of 21 compounds. Principal component analysis, grounded in lipid and volatile compound content, adeptly classified the DCSM drying process into lipolysis and flavor preparation (0–4 d), lipid oxidation and flavor formation (4–8 d), and maturation (8–12 d). The ripening stage played a crucial role in shaping the comprehensive flavor profile.

Conclusion
This study offers valuable insights to enhance traditional DCSM flavor processing and regulation.
Paving the path for implementation of clinical genomic sequencing globally: Are we ready?
Authors: Marshall Deborah A , Hua Nicolle , Buchanan James , Christensen Kurt D , Frederix Geert W J , Goranitis Ilias , Ijzerman Maarten , Jansen Jeroen P , Lavelle Tara A , Regier Dean A , Smith Hadley S , Ungar Wendy J , Weymann Deirdre , Wordsworth Sarah , Phillips Kathryn A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite the emerging evidence in recent years, successful implementation of clinical genomic sequencing (CGS) remains limited and is challenged by a range of barriers. These include a lack of standardized practices, limited economic assessments for specific indications, limited meaningful patient engagement in health policy decision-making, and the associated costs and resource demand for implementation. Although CGS is gradually becoming more available and accessible worldwide, large variations and disparities remain, and reflections on the lessons learned for successful implementation are sparse. In this commentary, members of the Global Economics and Evaluation of Clinical Genomics Sequencing Working Group (GEECS) describe the global landscape of CGS in the context of health economics and policy and propose evidence-based solutions to address existing and future barriers to CGS implementation. The topics discussed are reflected as two overarching themes: (1) system readiness for CGS and (2) evidence, assessments, and approval processes. These themes highlight the need for health economics, public health, and infrastructure and operational considerations; a robust patient- and family-centered evidence base on CGS outcomes; and a comprehensive, collaborative, interdisciplinary approach.
The impact of cardiopulmonary bypass time on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score after cardiac surgery
Authors: Velho Tiago R , Pereira Rafael Maniés , Guerra Nuno Carvalho , Ferreira Ricardo , Pedroso Dora , Neves-Costa Ana , Nobre Ângelo , Moita Luís Ferreira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Postoperative organ dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery, particularly when cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is used. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is validated to predict morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. However, the impact of CPB duration on postoperative SOFA remains unclear.

METHODS
This is a retrospective study. Categorical values are presented as percentages. The comparison of SOFA groups utilized the Kruskal–Wallis chi-squared test, complemented by ad hoc Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction. Multinomial logistics regressions were employed to evaluate the relationship between CPB time and SOFA.

RESULTS
A total of 1032 patients were included. CPB time was independently associated with higher postoperative SOFA scores at 24 h. CPB time was significantly higher in patients with SOFA 4–5 (**P = 0.0022) or higher (***P &lt; 0.001) when compared to SOFA 0–1. The percentage of patients with no/mild dysfunction decreased with longer periods of CPB, down to 0% for CPB time &gt;180min (50% of the patients with &gt;180m in of CPB presented SOFA ≥ 10). The same trend is observed for each of the SOFA variables, with higher impact in the cardiovascular and renal systems. Severe dysfunction occurs especially &gt;200 min of CPB (cardiovascular system &gt;100 min; other systems mainly &gt;200 min).

CONCLUSIONS
CPB time may predict the probability of postoperative SOFA categories. Patients with extended CPB durations exhibited higher SOFA scores (overall and for each variable) at 24 h, with higher proportion of moderate and severe dysfunction with increasing times of CPB.
Community pharmacy discharge medicines service activity as recorded in PharmOutcomes: a retrospective exploration and analysis
Authors: Wilcock Michael , Bastian Liam , Jones Anne , Baqir Wasim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Transition of care when a patient moves between healthcare locations is a risk factor for medication errors and medicines-related preventable harm. The aims of this retrospective service evaluation were to understand, by classifying and quantifying, the nature of interventions made by community pharmacy when receiving a discharge medicines service referral from a secondary care hospital, with a focus on two groups of high-risk medicines supplied at discharge—oral anticoagulants and weak opioids following hip or knee surgery.

Methods
Records made on the PharmOutcomes™ platform by community pharmacists in response to referral for the NHS England discharge medicines service were analysed and summarized. This analysis was exploratory and interpretative in nature and used a convenience sample of patients who had consented for the service over 12 months from May 2022 to April 2023.

Key findings
During 12 months, 6811 referrals occurred, of which 71% were recorded as having different stages of the service completed on PharmOutcomes™. Medicines reconciliation, first-prescription review, and consultation stages decreased as patients progressed through the service. Slightly greater rates of completion were observed for patients receiving oral anticoagulants and for codeine or dihydrocodeine following hip and knee surgery, although overall referrals were low for this latter cohort.

Conclusions
Through this service, community pharmacists are well placed to support the safe and effective use of medicines including oral anticoagulants and weak opioids posthospital discharge and potentially reduce incidents of avoidable harm. The variations in recorded completion rates across the three stages of the service and the apparent greater finalization rates for the high-risk medicines studied require further investigation.
Antibiofilm Agents for the Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Narrative Review
Authors: Gao Michael , Manos Jim , Whiteley Greg , Zablotska-Manos Iryna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is difficult to eradicate due to BV biofilms protecting BV bacteria (Gardnerella, Prevotella, and other genera). With the growing understanding of biofilms, we systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the efficacy of anti-BV biofilm agents.

Methods
We searched literature in the Scopus, Medline, and Embase databases for empirical studies investigating substances for the treatment of BV biofilms or prevention of their recurrence and their efficacy and/or safety.

Results
Of 201 unique titles, 35 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Most studies (89%) reported on preclinical laboratory research on the efficacy of experimental antibiofilm agents (80%) rather than their safety. Over 50% were published within the past 5 years. Agents were classified into 7 groups: antibiotics, antiseptics, cationic peptides, enzymes, plant extracts, probiotics, and surfactants/surfactant components. Enzymes and probiotics were most commonly investigated. Earlier reports of antibiotics having anti-BV biofilm activity have not been confirmed. Some compounds from other classes demonstrated promising anti-BV biofilm efficacy in early studies.

Conclusions
Further research is anticipated on successful antibiofilm agents. If confirmed as effective and safe in human clinical trials, they may offer a breakthrough in BV treatment. With rising antibiotic resistance, antibiofilm agents will significantly improve the current standard of care for BV management.
Comparison of carbapenem MIC for NDM-producing Enterobacterales by different AST methods
Authors: Lee Alfred Lok Hang , Leung Eddie Chi Man , Chow Viola Chi Ying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This study compared the performance of MIC test strip (ETEST), automated AST card (Vitek 2) and broth microdilution (BMD) in determining carbapenem susceptibility and MIC values of NDM-producing Enterobacterales.

Methods
NDM-producing Enterobacterales recovered from clinical specimens were included. The presence of blaNDM was confirmed by PCR. Identification of bacterial isolates was done by MALDI-TOF. Phenotypic susceptibility to three carbapenems (ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem) was tested by BMD, ETEST and Vitek 2. MIC values were interpreted in accordance with CLSI M100 (2022 edition). Using BMD as the reference standard, the essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement (CA), very major error (VME) and major error (ME) rates were evaluated.

Results
Forty-seven NDM-producing Enterobacterales isolates were included, 44 of which were Escherichia coli. The EA of Vitek 2 was 97.9% for ertapenem, 25.5% for meropenem and 42.6% for imipenem. Using Vitek 2, there were 0% VMEs across all three carbapenems tested. The EA of ETEST was 53.2% for ertapenem, 55.3% for imipenem and 36.2% for meropenem. The rates of VMEs for ETEST were high too (ertapenem 8.5%, meropenem 36.2%, imipenem 26.1%). The MIC values obtained from Vitek 2 were consistently higher than those from BMD, while MICs from ETEST were consistently lower than those from BMD.

Conclusions
The VME rate for ETEST was unacceptably high when BMD was used as the standard for comparison. Vitek 2 had acceptable EA and CA for ertapenem when BMD was used as the standard for comparison. For meropenem and imipenem, neither of the methods (ETEST, Vitek 2) showed acceptable EA and CA when compared with BMD.
Effects of dietary water-soluble extract of rosemary supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria tenella
Authors: Peng Fang , Duan Jiaqi , He Xi , Xie Kun , Song Zehe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of water-soluble extract of rosemary (WER) on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), and evaluate the anticoccidial activity of WER. 360 1-d-old Chinese indigenous male yellow-feathered broiler chickens were randomly allocated to six groups: blank control (BC) group and infected control (IC) group received a basal diet; positive control (PC) group, received a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg diclazuril; WER100, WER200, and WER300 groups received a basal diet containing 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg WER, respectively. On day 21, all birds in the infected groups (IC, PC, WER100, WER200, and WER300) were orally gavaged with 1 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) of 8 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, and birds in the BC group were administrated an aliquot of PBS dilution. The results showed that dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg WER increased the average daily gain of broilers compared to the IC group from days 22 to 29 (P &lt; 0.001). The anticoccidial index values of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg WER were 137.49, 157.41, and 144.22, respectively, which indicated that WER exhibited moderate anticoccidial activity. Compared to the IC group, the groups supplemented with WER (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) significantly lowered fecal oocyst output (P &lt; 0.001) and cecal coccidia oocysts, alleviated intestinal damage and maintained the integrity of intestinal epithelium. Dietary supplementation with WER significantly improved antioxidant capacity, elevated the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A, and diminished inflammation within the cecum, particularly at a dosage of 200 mg/kg. The results of this study indicated that dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg WER could improve broiler growth performance and alleviate intestinal damage caused by coccidiosis.