bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Treatment and Outcomes of Different Severities of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in California: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fall Carolyn , Baer Rebecca , Lee Henry , Chambers Christina , Bandoli Gretchen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Evaluate the changes in management and outcomes of Californian infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
Study Design:
Infants with HIE were identified from a California administrative birth cohort using ICD codes and divided into two epochs, Epoch 1 (2010–2015) and Epoch 2 (2016–2019). Risk ratios (RR) for therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in each epoch and their outcomes were calculated using log-linear regression.
Results:
In this cohort, 4779 infants with HIE were identified. Incidence of HIE in California increased yearly from 0.5/1,000 California births to a peak of 1.5/1,000 births in 2018. The use of TH in infants with mild HIE increased in Epoch 2 compared to Epoch 1. There was no significant difference in outcomes between epochs for infants with mild HIE that received TH.
Conclusion:
Significantly more infants with mild HIE received TH since 2015 in California, but no difference in outcomes was found for these patients.
Food Insecurity is Increasing and is More Common Among Persons with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Leung Cindy W. , Tapper Elliot B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Effective interventions for metabolic liver disease include optimized nutritional intake. It is increasingly clear, however, that many patients with metabolic liver disease lack the resources to execute nutritional advice. Data on the trends of food insecurity are needed to prioritize public health strategies to address the burden of liver disease.
Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of six waves of data from the 2007-2018, 24,847 subjects aged >20 years from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Food security was measured using the US Department of Agriculture’s Core Food Security Module. Liver disease was defined as elevated liver enzymes and a risk factor: elevated BMI, diabetes, and/or excess alcohol consumption. Models were adjusted using age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty-income ratio, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, sugary beverage intake, Healthy Eating Inex-2015 score. Advanced liver disease was estimated using FIB-4 >2.67.
Results: The overall prevalence of liver disease was 24.6%, ranging from 21.1% (2017-2018) to 28.3% (2015-2016) (P-trend=0.85). 3.4% of participants had possible advanced liver disease, ranging from 1.9% (2007-2008) to 4.2% (2015-2016)(P-trend=0.07). Among those with liver disease, the prevalence of food insecurity was 13.6% in 2007-2008, which rose steadily to 21.6% in 2015-2016, before declining to 18.0% in 2017-2018 (P-trend=0.0004). Food insecurity rose more sharply for adults aged <50 years (2007-2008: 17.6%, 2015-2016: 28.0%, P-trend=0.004) compared to adults aged ≥50 years (2007-2008: 9.5%, 2015-2016: 16.5%, P-trend<0.0001). Food insecurity was more common among women, those with high BMI, and those with diabetes
Conclusion : Food insecurity is increasingly common among those with liver disease.
Reidentification of hybridization events with transcriptomic data and phylogenomic study in seabuckthorn
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Zhiqi , Su Xue , Han Dong , Yang Lujie , Zhang Ying , Fang Jing , Wang Jingyuan , Sun Kun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The natural hybridization of sea buckthorn is widely observed by researchers. While studies have identified the parents of these hybrid offspring, distinguishing between F1 and Fn generations is challenging for natural hybrids. As a result, the genetic composition of these hybrid offspring remains underexplored. In this study, we propose a novel method for identifying hybrid F1 generations using transcriptome data and reference genomes. We successfully identified eight individuals from two natural hybrid populations of sea buckthorn, all of which were confirmed to be hybrid F1 generations. Additionally, we first noted limitations in detecting heterozygous sites during SNP calling in transcriptome data, where allele-specific expression and low expression of genes or transcripts can lead to heterozygous SNPs being incorrectly identified as homozygous. Furthermore, we constructed a phylogenomic tree of the sea buckthorn genus using transcriptome data and compared the relationships among various sea buckthorn species using SNP and indel molecular markers obtained through transcriptome data.
Long-term outcome followed for more than 5 years after revascularization surgery for the treatment of atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease: poor outcome prediction using machine learning and analysis of the results
Authors: Choi June Ho , Kim Minwoo , Park Jung Cheol , Ahn Jae Sung , Kwun Byung Duk , Park Wonhyoung 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE
Cerebral revascularization for the treatment of atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease (ASOD) was found to have no benefit compared with medical treatment. However, there is also criticism that with sufficiently long-term follow-up, a crossover might emerge demonstrating the advantages of surgery. Therefore, we examined the long-term outcome of cerebral revascularization performed on patients with carefully selected ASOD at our center.
METHODS
Patients undergoing bypass surgery for non-moyamoya ischemic disease were retrospectively identified. The inclusion criteria were symptomatic ASOD with hemodynamic insufficiency, follow-up of more than 5 years, and stroke or surgical complications during follow-up. The clinical course and radiological findings were investigated. Poor outcomes were predicted using machine learning (ML) models, and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values and feature importance of each model were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 109 patients were included from 2007 to 2018. The 30-day risk of any stroke or death was 6.4% (7/109). The risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke during median follow-up of 116 months was 7.3% (8/109). The SHAP values showed that previously and empirically known stroke risk factors exert a relatively consistent effect on the prediction of models. The number of lesions with stenosis > 50% (odds ratio [OR] 5.77), age (OR 1.13), and coronary artery disease (OR 5.73) were consistent risk factors for poor outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated an acceptable long-term outcome of cerebral revascularization surgery for patients with hemodynamically insufficient and symptomatic ASOD. Multicenter studies are encouraged to predict poor outcomes and suitable patients with large numbers of quantitative and qualitative data.
Network Pharmacology Unveils Potential Targets of Madhuca longifolia in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease: An Advanced Strategy in Drug Discovery
Authors: Khare Noopur , Barot Megha , Singh Sachidanand , Jain Tanvi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Madhuca longifolia, also known to as the butternut tree or Mahua, is an evergreen species that belongs to the Sapotaceae family. Its remarkable height is roughly 17 metres. This tree, which is native to Nepal, Sri Lanka, and India, is well-known for having a wide range of chemical components, which are responsible for its numerous therapeutic benefits. In order to address Alzheimer's disease (AD), this study uses a network pharmacology technique to identify the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of Madhuca longifolia. By applying prescreening of active constituents, target prediction, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, our study found that Madhuca longifolia is related with eight active ingredients and 272 common gene targets. Network analysis demonstrated how Madhuca longifolia can prevent AD by modifying important signalling networks, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms driving the plant's effectiveness against the disease. This thorough investigation provides a strong basis for future research and development efforts by advancing our understanding of Madhuca longifolia's medicinal potential in Alzheimer's disease.
Multi-view Learning for Camouflaged Object Detection with PVTv2
Authors: Yan Pu , Ruan Kang , Wang Lili , Zhao Yang , Wang Xu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Recently, with the continuous development in the field of camouflage object detection(COD), effectively separating objects highly similar to the background has become a focal point of research. Due to the high similarity between camouflage objects and backgrounds, traditional single visual branch often perform poorly in such scenarios. To address this issue, We propose a multi-view learning detection network based on the Pyramid Vision Transformer, named Multi-view Learning for Camouflaged Object Detection with PVTv2(MVLNet). By utilizing the information from RGB and noise views, our method can provide a more comprehensive description of the relationship between objects and backgrounds to improve the accuracy and robustness for COD. Inspired by human visual attention during observation, we design a Global Context Aggregation Module by using a U-shaped structure and progressively increasing dilation rates to simulate the human behavior of zooming in and out. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed MVLNet outperforms 22 other representative models on three public datasets.
Differential gene expression analysis of Withania somnifera in response to salinity stress
Authors: Nicolis Vittorio F , Burger N Francois V , Parshoham Rajiv , Bierman Anandi , Rai Padmalatha S , Muthusamy Annamalai , Botha Anna-Maria 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Withania somnifera, commonly referred to as Indian Ginseng, is a medicinally important plant that can be found in many regions of the world, such as South Africa and India. Withanolides are key secondary metabolites responsible for conferring the plant its unique medicinal properties. The reaction of W. somnifera to salt stress, in particular the possible effects on its withanolide production, have yet to be explored. Under salt stress, germination efficiency dropped by 17.8% and caused physiological damage to emerging roots. A transcriptome analysis of salt stressed leaves revealed the differential regulation of 3 048 transcripts, with gene ontology analysis indicating an increased detoxification response concomitant with reduced growth, energy metabolism and protein modification. Notably, 26 transcription factor families, particularly AP2/ERF, NAC, GRAS and HB-WOX members as well as 10 Late Embryogenesis-Abundant members, predominantly dehydrins, were significantly differentially regulated, suggesting their potential involvement in the salt stress response of W. somnifera. Although the withanolide pathway genes showed limited response to the salt treatment, three genes in the pathway (HMGS, FPPS and WsCYP98A) were significantly downregulated. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular responses of W. somnifera to salt stress, highlighting potential targets for future research and subsequently for withanolide production which has vast potential in pharmaceutical industry.
Pre-column Derivative HPLC and LC-Orbitrap-MS Analysis of Monosaccharides and Non-Polysaccharides in Polygonati Rhizoma
Authors: Liang Ling , Li Yu , Peng Caiyun , Ning Luyun , Wang Wei , Yi Gangqiang , Yuan Hanwen , Liu Pingan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Polygonati Rhizoma, as a traditional medicinal herb, possesses pharmacological effects enhancing physical strength and immunity. In this study, a systematic analysis of the monosaccharide and non-polysaccharides components in Polygonati Rhizoma was conducted using pre-column derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) and liquid chromatography coupled to electrostatic orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap-MS) techniques. The polysaccharides from Polygonati Rhizoma were initially extracted, hydrolyzed, and derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), resulting in the successful detection of five monosaccharides. The high sensitivity and specificity of the HPLC-DAD method were confirmed. Furthermore, by comparing the external standard method (ESM) and the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) revealed that D-mannose is the most abundant monosaccharide in Polygonati Rhizoma. The LC-Orbitrap-MS analysis of Polygonati Rhizoma led to the identification of 53 compounds, including organic acids, amino acids, amides, saponins, alkaloids, esters, and others. This research provided significant data for the chemical composition analysis and the pharmacological basis study of Polygonati Rhizoma.
A qualitative approach to assess the opinion of physicians about the challenges and future prospects of pharmacogenomic testing implementation in clinical practice.
Authors: Koufaki Margarita-Ioanna , Patrinos George P. , Vasileiou Konstantinos Z. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) constitutes an important part of personalized medicine and has several clinical applications. PGx role in clinical practice is known, however, it hasn’t been widely adopted yet. In this study, we aim to investigate the perspectives of Greek physicians regarding the implementation of PGx testing in clinical practice and the key issues associated with it via one-to-one interviews. Fourteen semi-structured interviews, mostly online, were conducted. Transcripts were coded independently and compared by two members of the research team. Descriptive statistics were generated using Excel.
Results:
Six main themes emerged: awareness and use of PGx testing; source of information; key stakeholders of the PGx supply chain, their interactions and change agents; clinical benefit and significance of PGx testing; barriers and lack of reimbursement; and recommendations to boost the PGx adoption rate. Most of the respondents were aware of PGx applications but only three of them had already recommended a PGx testing. Peer-reviewed journals along with clinical guidelines were regarded as the most used source of information while stakeholders of the PGx supply chain were discussed. PGx was considered that will promote patient-centered care, can enhance medication clinical effectiveness, decrease the risk of side effects and reduce healthcare costs. Lack of reimbursement, scarcity of resources, and high PGx cost were the foremost barriers affecting PGx adoption.
Conclusions:
It was concluded that if case PGx testing is reimbursed and physicians’ training is reinforced, PGx implementation will be boosted and improved shortly.
Blue light-triggered click reactions of betulin and lignin nanoparticles and their emulsions
Authors: Sipponen Mika , Pylypchuk Ievgen , Morsali Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Activating and controlling chemical reactions by the use of light is becoming increasingly important for the synthesis of nanomaterials. A key challenge is the lack of reactive bio-based particles that can replace fossil-based nano- and microparticles, which are currently essential for creating supraparticle materials. Here we show nanoparticle dispersions of propargylated lignin and betulin azide as bio-based substances that absorb light in a broad wavelength range and show their thermal, catalytic, and photochemical click reactions. We use energy-efficient light-emitting diode (LED) technology to initiate click reactions in water at room temperature. This method enables controlled inter-particle reactions, demonstrated by confined click reactions at oil-in-water interfaces of Pickering emulsions to crosslink particles. These results illuminate the emerging field of click reactions of wood-derived building blocks, revealing controlled nanoparticle aggregation for advanced material development.
Arte e Ciência: Convergências Renascentistas a partir de Giotto
Authors: Caruso Francisco 
Published: June 2024

Considera-se um erro, do ponto de vista da Cultura, admitir que Arte e Ciência sejam atividades sem nada em comum. A origem desse equívoco tradicional vem de uma tendência de associar exclusivamente a primeira à emoção e a segunda, à razão. Esse reducionismo extremo encobre a característica basilar, comum às duas áreas, de serem ambas fruto de processos criativos. Como em Bachelard, reconhece-se que o pensamento criativo alinhava o fazer poético e artístico com o científico. Buscou-se, na História, um momento particular em que as duas atividades estiveram tão integradas na nova sociedade que se estava construindo, que foi possível existir um Leonardo da Vinci, gênio nas Artes e na Ciência. Trata-se do período de construção do Renascimento, no qual o pintor Giotto teve um papel essencial ao abordar desafios inerentes à pintura muito parecidos com os que Galileu enfrentará mais tarde na Física e Astronomia. Espera-se, com isso, oferecer ao professor do ensino de segundo grau subsídios e estímulo para trabalhar as relações entre Arte e Ciência com seus estudantes. Isso seria muito bem-vindo em um momento de negacionismo.

Palavras-chave: Arte; Ciência; Giotto; Galileu; Renascimento Italiano.
The nexus between household water insecurity, mother's handwashing practices, and diarrheal diseases among under-five children
Authors: Aydamo Abiot Abera , Gari Sirak Robele , Mereta Seid Tiku 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to examine the association between household water insecurity (HWIS), mother's handwashing practices, and childhood diarrhea in the peri-urban and informal settlements of Hosanna town. A community-based cross-sectional study involving 424 mothers was carried out in Hosanna town, and the data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, HWISE Scale, and an observational checklist. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that the prevalence of HWIS and diarrhea among under-five children was 68.6% and 16%, respectively. Only 42.2% of the mothers had good handwashing practices. Good knowledge of handwashing, positive attitudes toward handwashing, household water security (HWS), and the presence of handwashing facilities were significantly associated with good handwashing practices. Children aged 6–11 months, HWIS, uncovered and wide-mouthed water storage containers, unsafe child's stool disposal practices, and hands not washed with soap after defecation, before preparing food, and feeding a child were significantly associated with the occurrence of diarrhea. The prevalence of diarrhea and HWIS was very high. The majority of the mothers had poor handwashing practices. Therefore, findings suggest interventions to improve HWS and mother's handwashing practices, which could reduce the risk of diarrheal diseases.
Treatment of highly iron-contaminated brackish groundwater by MF, UF, and NF membranes for potable water resource production: influence of operating parameters, comparative study, membrane fouling, and machine learning modeling
Authors: Roy Biplab , Roy Dipanjan , Tarafdar Anirban , Manna Ajay Kumar 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The present investigation focuses on using commercially available MF, UF, and NF membranes to eliminate Fe from real groundwater. The impact of process parameters, including applied pressure, temperature, pH, time, and concentration, on flux and Fe removal% is investigated. Results of the permeation test confirm higher permeability for MF membranes (214.71 L/m2.h.bar) than that for NF (2.708 L/m2.h.bar) and UF (56.52 L/m2.h.bar) membranes. The FESEM-EDS characterization confirms the deposition of dominant foulant Fe particles over the membrane surface. At 2 bar applied pressure (temperature = 30 °C, pH = 6.13, and concentration = 6.62 ppm), MF, UF, and NF can eliminate 93.5, 90.2, and 100% Fe, respectively. However, UF and NF exhibit much lower fluxes (72.43 and 3.85 L/m2.h, respectively) compared to MF (317.13 L/m2.h) at the same process conditions. NF eliminates 100% Fe from start to end with rising pressure, while MF (62.16–100) and UF (87.09–100) show gradually improved removal rates. Above pH 6, all membranes demonstrate higher Fe rejection because the oxidation rate of ferrous iron increases at a high pH. With increasing concentration (6–500 ppm), Fe removal efficiency increases for NF (88.26–94.18%) but decreases for both MF (89.63–23.64%) and UF (27.66–14.4%). To validate experimental findings, five machine learning (ML) regression models are scrutinized using various statistical measures.
Enhanced anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge by thermal–alkali pretreatment: a pilot-scale study
Authors: Li Biqing , Tang Yao , Xiao Xiannian , Tang Xia , Luo Dan , Liu Yuxin , Zhang Yahui , Zhang Liguo 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The composition of waste-activated sludge (WAS) is complex, containing a large amount of harmful substances, which pose a threat to the environment and human health. The reduction and resource utilization of sludge has become a development demand in sludge treatment and disposal. Based on the technical bottlenecks in the practical application of direct anaerobic digestion technology, this study adopted two different thermal and thermal–alkali hydrolysis technologies to pretreat sludge. A pilot-scale experiment was conducted to investigate the experimental conditions, parameters, and effects of two hydrolysis technologies. This study showed that the optimal hydrolysis temperature was 70 °C, the hydrolysis effect and pH can reach equilibrium with the hydrolysis retention time was 4–8 h, and the optimal alkali concentration range was 0.0125–0.015 kg NaOH/kg dry-sludge. Thermal–alkali combination treatment greatly improved the performance of methane production, the addition of NaOH increased methane yield by 31.2% than that of 70 °C thermal hydrolysis. The average energy consumption is 75 kWh/m3 80% water-content sludge during the experiment. This study provides a better pretreatment strategy for exploring efficient anaerobic digestion treatment technologies suitable for southern characteristic sewage sludge.
"Eu escolho a escola!": a escrita do texto dissertativo-argumentativo a partir do gênero documentário
Authors: Sirqueira Mendes da Costa Catarina de Sena , Pereira Teixeira Virna 
Published: June 2024

A escrita do texto dissertativo-argumentativo, no Ensino Médio, requer investigações que estejam sintonizadas com o universo multissemiótico em que os estudantes estão inseridos. Com efeito, nessa pesquisa, cujo suporte teórico se fundamenta nos Novos Estudos do Letramento (STREET, 2014; Heath, 1982; Bortoni-Ricardo, 2005; Kleiman, 2007; COSTA, 2016; TFOUNI, 2012 [1994]), buscou-se aferir, em que medida, o trabalho com o gênero documentário, na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa, contribui para a formulação de sequências narrativas e argumentativas (Adam, 2011), as quais, em articulação, podem estruturar a escrita do texto dissertativo-argumentativo. A pesquisa-ação realizada, de cunho etnográfico, contou com a participação de 15 (quinze) sujeitos, jovens e adolescentes de 16 a 20 anos, estudantes das turmas de 2ª e 3ª séries de uma escola da rede estadual de Teresina-PI. Em termos pedagógicos, a sequência didática aplicada (Pessoa, 2014) compreendeu eventos de oralidade (rodas de conversa) e eventos de escrita (produção de resenhas cinematográficas e textos dissertativo-argumentativos). Nesse trabalho, vale registrar, a elaboração de resenhas cinematográficas constituiu uma estratégia que subsidiou, preliminarmente, a confecção de sequências narrativas e argumentativas, as quais seriam, em momento posterior, retextualizadas nos textos dissertativo-argumentativos. Outrossim, os dados revelaram que um gênero que congrega a linguagem verbal e visual, a exemplo do documentário, promove um significativo diálogo com as experiências socioculturais dos estudantes, assim como contribui para o desenvolvimento da oralidade e composição de proposições narrativas de base e sequências argumentativas. Tais movimentos, consequentemente, favoreceram, tanto do ponto de vista crítico quanto autoral, a construção de textos dissertativo-argumentativos, sob o enfoque dos letramentos escolares.