bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery outcome after maternal use of antidepressant drugs in pregnancy: an update using Swedish data
Authors: Reis M. , Källén B. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundConcerns have been expressed about possible adverse effects of the use of antidepressant medication during pregnancy, including risk for neonatal pathology and the presence of congenital malformations.MethodData from the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) from 1 July 1995 up to 2007 were used to identify women who reported the use of antidepressants in early pregnancy or were prescribed antidepressants during pregnancy by antenatal care: a total of 14 821 women with 15 017 infants. Maternal characteristics, maternal delivery diagnoses, infant neonatal diagnoses and the presence of congenital malformations were compared with all other women who gave birth, using the Mantel–Haenszel technique and with adjustments for certain characteristics.ResultsThere was an association between antidepressant treatment and pre-existing diabetes and chronic hypertension but also with many pregnancy complications. Rates of induced delivery and caesarean section were increased. The preterm birth rate was increased but not that of intrauterine growth retardation. Neonatal complications were common, notably after tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) use. An increased risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) was verified. The congenital malformation rate was increased after TCAs. An association between use of paroxetine and congenital heart defects was verified and a similar effect on hypospadias was seen.ConclusionsWomen using antidepressants during pregnancy and their newborns have increased pathology. It is not clear how much of this is due to drug use or underlying pathology. Use of TCAs was found to carry a higher risk than other antidepressants and paroxetine seems to be associated with a specific teratogenic property.
How does cognitive behaviour therapy reduce fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome? The role of physical activity
Authors: Wiborg J. F. , Knoop H. , Stulemeijer M. , Prins J. B. , Bleijenberg G. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is known to reduce fatigue severity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). How this change in symptomatology is accomplished is not yet understood. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the effect of CBT on fatigue is mediated by an increase in physical activity.MethodThree randomized controlled trials were reanalysed, previously conducted to evaluate the efficacy of CBT for CFS. In all samples, actigraphy was used to assess the level of physical activity prior and subsequent to treatment or a control group period. The mediation hypothesis was analysed according to guidelines of Baron & Kenny [Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1986)51, 1173–1182]. A non-parametric bootstrap approach was used to test statistical significance of the mediation effect.ResultsAlthough CBT effectively reduced fatigue, it did not change the level of physical activity. Furthermore, changes in physical activity were not related to changes in fatigue. Across the samples, the mean mediation effect of physical activity averaged about 1% of the total treatment effect. This effect did not yield significance in any of the samples.ConclusionsThe effect of CBT on fatigue in CFS is not mediated by a persistent increase in physical activity.
Four–dimensional metrics conformal to Kähler
Authors: DUNAJSKI MACIEJ , TOD PAUL 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe derive some necessary conditions on a Riemannian metric (M,g) in four dimensions for it to be locally conformal to Kähler. If the conformal curvature is non anti–self–dual, the self–dual Weyl spinor must be of algebraic typeDand satisfy a simple first order conformally invariant condition which is necessary and sufficient for the existence of a Kähler metric in the conformal class. In the anti–self–dual case we establish a one to one correspondence between Kähler metrics in the conformal class and non–zero parallel sections of a certain connection on a natural rank ten vector bundle overM. We use this characterisation to provide examples of ASD metrics which are not conformal to Kähler.We establish a link between the ‘conformal to Kähler condition’ in dimension four and the metrisability of projective structures in dimension two. A projective structure on a surfaceUis metrisable if and only if the induced (2, 2) conformal structure onM=TUadmits a Kähler metric or a para–Kähler metric.
Cloning and functional characterization of pig CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase for the synthesis of N-glycolylneuraminic acid as the xenoantigenic determinant in pig–human xenotransplantation
Authors: Song Kwon-Ho , Kang Yun-Jeong , Jin Un-Ho , Park Yong-Il , Kim Sung-Min , Seong Hwan-Hoo , Hwang Seongsoo , Yang Boh-Suk , Im Gi-Sun , Min Kwan-Sik , Kim Jin-Hoi , Chang Young-Chae , Kim Nam-Hyung , Lee Young-Choon , Kim Cheorl-Ho 
Published: January 2010

In the present study, the pig CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene (pcmah), a key enzyme for the synthesis of NeuGc (N-glycolylneuraminic acid), was cloned from pig small intestine and characterized. The ORF (open reading frame) of pcmah was 1734 bp, encoding 577 amino acids and consisting of 14 exons. Organ expression pattern analysis reveals that pcmah mRNA is mainly expressed in pig rectum, tongue, spleen and colon tissues, being the most highly expressed in small intestine. In the ectopic expression of pcmah, when pig kidney PK15 cells and human vascular endothelial ECV304 cells were transfected with the cloned pcmah, the NeuGc contents of these transfectants were greater in comparison with vector transfectants used as controls. In addition, in the functional analysis of NeuGc, HSMC (human-serum-mediated cytotoxicity) was elevated in the ectopic NeuGc-expressing pcmah-transfected cells compared with controls. Moreover, binding of human IgM to the pcmah-transfected cells was significantly increased, whereas binding of IgG was slightly increased, indicating that the human IgM type was a major anti-NeuGc antibody. Furthermore, pcmah silencing by shRNA (short hairpin RNA) resulted in a decrease in NeuGc content and xenoantigenicity in PK15. From the results, it was concluded that the pcmah gene was capable of synthesizing the NeuGc acting as a xenoantigen in humans, confirming the NeuGc-mediated rejection response in pig–human xenotransplantation.
Fenofibrate improves endothelial function in the brachial artery and forearm resistance arterioles of statin-treated Type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Hamilton Sandra J. , Chew Gerard T. , Davis Timothy M.E. , Watts Gerald F. 
Published: January 2010

Dyslipidaemia contributes to endothelial dysfunction and CVD (cardiovascular disease) in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. While statin therapy reduces CVD in these patients, residual risk remains high. Fenofibrate corrects atherogenic dyslipidaemia, but it is unclear whether adding fenofibrate to statin therapy lowers CVD risk. We investigated whether fenofibrate improves endothelial dysfunction in statin-treated Type 2 diabetic patients. In a cross-over study, 15 statin-treated Type 2 diabetic patients, with LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol &lt;2.6 mmol/l and endothelial dysfunction [brachial artery FMD (flow-mediated dilatation) &lt;6.0%] were randomized, double-blind, to fenofibrate 145 mg/day or matching placebo for 12 weeks, with 4 weeks washout between treatment periods. Brachial artery FMD and endothelium-independent NMD (nitrate-mediated dilatation) were measured by ultrasonography at the start and end of each treatment period. PIFBF (post-ischaemic forearm blood flow), a measure of microcirculatory endothelial function, and serum lipids, lipoproteins and apo (apolipoprotein) concentrations were also measured. Compared with placebo, fenofibrate increased FMD (mean absolute 2.1±0.6 compared with −0.3±0.6%, P=0.04), but did not alter NMD (P=0.75). Fenofibrate also increased maximal PIFBF {median 3.5 [IQR (interquartile range) 5.8] compared with 0.3 (2.1) ml/100 ml/min, P=0.001} and flow debt repayment [median 1.0 (IQR 3.5) compared with −1.5 (3.0) ml/100 ml, P=0.01]. Fenofibrate lowered serum cholesterol, triacylgycerols (triglycerides), LDL-cholesterol, apoB-100 and apoC-III (P≤0.03), but did not alter HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol or apoA-I. Improvement in FMD was inversely associated with on-treatment LDL-cholesterol (r=−0.61, P=0.02) and apoB-100 (r=−0.54, P=0.04) concentrations. Fenofibrate improves endothelial dysfunction in statin-treated Type 2 diabetic patients. This may relate partly to enhanced reduction in LDL-cholesterol and apoB-100 concentrations.
Effects of a Supplemental Spanish Oral Language Program on Sentence Length, Complexity, and Grammaticality in Spanish-Speaking Children Attending English-Only Preschools
Authors: Restrepo M. Adelaida , Castilla Anny P. , Schwanenflugel Paula J. , Neuharth-Pritchett Stacey , Hamilton Claire E. , Arboleda Alejandra 
Published: January 2010

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a supplemental Spanish language instruction program for children who spoke Spanish as their native language and were attending English-only preschool programs. Specifically, the study evaluated the program’s effects on the children’s Spanish sentence length in words, subordination index, and grammaticality of sentences.

Method
Forty-five Spanish-speaking children attending English-only prekindergarten classrooms were selected for study. Of those, 15 children received 30 min of Spanish instruction 5 days a week for 16 weeks. The program targeted 5–10 vocabulary words a week, dialogic book reading, phonemic awareness, and letter knowledge. The remaining 30 children participated in regular preschool English instruction. Students were evaluated before intervention, immediately after intervention, and 4 months following intervention.

Results
Repeated measures analyses of variance indicated that the children who received the small-group supplemental Spanish language instruction made significant gains in their Spanish sentence length in words and subordination index when compared to those receiving regular English-only classroom instruction. There were no differences in the children’s grammaticality of sentences.

Discussion and Clinical Implications
The findings demonstrate that a daily short native language program has significant effects on sentence length in words and subordination index in English language learners who are attending English-only preschool programs.
The Language and Literacy Development of Head Start Children: A Study Using the Family and Child Experiences Survey Database
Authors: Hammer Carol Scheffner , Farkas George , Maczuga Steve 
Published: January 2010

Purpose
This article provides information about the Head Start Family and Children Experiences Survey (FACES). It also presents the findings of a study that capitalizes on the strengths of the data from FACES to investigate the impact of child and family characteristics, speech-language impairment, and the home literacy environment on the language and early literacy outcomes of children from low-income families.

Method
Data from the FACES 1997 cohort were used in this study. Variables included in the analysis were child and family characteristics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, etc.); parent report of speech-language impairment; frequency of home literacy activities; and children’s scores on vocabulary, letter-word identification, and early reading assessments.

Results
The results revealed that children’s vocabulary abilities in Head Start were affected by maternal education, ethnicity, and the frequency of home literacy activities, and children’s letter-word identification abilities were impacted by maternal education and the child’s gender and age. Additionally, children’s reading abilities in kindergarten were predicted by ethnicity, speech-language impairment, and the home literacy environment, as well as by children’s vocabulary and letter-word identification abilities in Head Start.

Conclusion
The findings demonstrate the unique contributions that the home literacy environment and the presence of speech-language impairment during preschool make in children’s early reading outcomes.
Genetic Influences on Language, Reading, and Mathematics Skills in a National Sample: An Analysis Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
Authors: Hart Sara A. , Petrill Stephen A. , Kamp Dush Claire M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose
The present study had two purposes: provide an illustration of use of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children’s (CNLSY; U.S. Department of Labor, 2009) database and use the database to seek convergent evidence regarding the magnitude and significance of genetic effects influencing low and typical performers on measures of language, reading, and mathematics.

Methods

A kinship algorithm that assigned a degree of genetic relatedness to all available pairings was applied to the 1994 wave of the CNLSY sample. Four cognitive achievement outcomes related to language, reading, and mathematics were analyzed across the general sample as well as for children selected below the lowest 20
th
percentile.

Results
The tests of receptive vocabulary, decoding, reading comprehension, and mathematics all suggested estimates of group heritability and full sample heritability of moderate effect sizes, and all estimates were statistically significant. Furthermore, all estimates were within confidence intervals of previously reported estimates from twin and adoption studies.

Conclusion
The present study provides additional support for significant genetic effects across low and wide ranges of specific achievement. Moreover, this study supports that genetic influences on reading, language, and mathematics are generalizable beyond twin and adoption studies.
Using Language Sample Databases
Authors: Heilmann John J. , Miller Jon F. , Nockerts Ann 
Published: January 2010

Purpose
Over the past 50 years, language sample analysis (LSA) has evolved from a powerful research tool that is used to document children’s linguistic development into a powerful clinical tool that is used to identify and describe the language skills of children with language impairment. The The Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT; J. F. Miller & A. Iglesias, 2008) Software Project has developed several databases of language samples from more than 6,000 typical speakers. This article presents an overview of the SALT databases and then demonstrates the power of these databases in classifying children with language impairment.

Method
Conversational language samples were elicited from 244 children with language impairment who were between 3 and 13 years of age. Language production measures generated from these transcripts were compared to measures from 244 transcripts in the SALT conversational database. A series of discriminant function analyses were completed to document the sensitivity and specificity of the language sample measures.

Results
The language sample measures were effective in classifying children based on their language status, with correct identification of 78% of the children with language impairment and 85% of the children who were typically developing.

Conclusion
The SALT databases provide a useful tool for the clinical management of children with language impairment.
The Academic and Functional Academic Skills of Youth Who Are at Risk for Language Impairment in Residential Care
Authors: Hagaman Jessica L. , Trout Alexandra L. , DeSalvo Cathy , Gehringer Robert , Epstein Michael H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose
Undiagnosed language impairment (LI) for youth in residential care is a concern as similar populations have shown elevated levels of language delays. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to identify the percentage of youth in residential care who are at risk for LI and to compare the demographic, academic achievement, and functional academic skills of youth with or without possible LI.

Method

Participants were 80 youth in residential care. Risk for LI was determined using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals—4 Screening Test (E. Semel, E. H. Wiig, & W. A. Secord, 2004). Independent-samples
t
tests and chi-square analyses were conducted to assess the differences between groups. Measures used included the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Achievement (R. W. Woodcock, K. S. McGrew, & N. Mather, 2001) and the Kaufman Functional Academic Skills Test (A. S. Kaufman & N. L. Kaufman, 1994).

Results
More than half of the sample (54%) were identified as being at risk for LI. Statistically significant differences between youth with and without LI were found on academic variables. Specifically, youth who were at risk for LI presented academic achievement and functional academic scores in the low to low-average ranges.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that there is a need to screen youth entering residential programs for possible LI. Implications for treatment and program planning are discussed.
jORCA: easily integrating bioinformatics Web Services
Authors: Martín-Requena Victoria , Ríos Javier , García Maximiliano , Ramírez Sergio , Trelles Oswaldo 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Web services technology is becoming the option of choice to deploy bioinformatics tools that are universally available. One of the major strengths of this approach is that it supports machine-to-machine interoperability over a network. However, a weakness of this approach is that various Web Services differ in their definition and invocation protocols, as well as their communication and data formats—and this presents a barrier to service interoperability.
Results: jORCA is a desktop client aimed at facilitating seamless integration of Web Services. It does so by making a uniform representation of the different web resources, supporting scalable service discovery, and automatic composition of workflows. Usability is at the top of the jORCA agenda; thus it is a highly customizable and extensible application that accommodates a broad range of user skills featuring double-click invocation of services in conjunction with advanced execution-control, on the fly data standardization, extensibility of viewer plug-ins, drag-and-drop editing capabilities, plus a file-based browsing style and organization of favourite tools. The integration of bioinformatics Web Services is made easier to support a wider range of users.
Availability and Implementation: jORCA binaries and extended documentation are freely available at http://www.bitlab-es.com/jorca under the Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 2.5 Spain License and jORCA source code (implemented in Java) is available under request. (GPL v3 license). jORCA has been tested under UNIX (Fedora 11, open SUSE 11 and Ubuntu 8.1), MS-Windows and Mac OS 10.5 operating systems. Java VM version 1.6.0 later is required.
Contact: ots@uma.es or vickymr@uma.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Revised phase diagram for the Nd–Pt system from 35 to 85 at% platinum
Authors: Xu Ch. F. , Gu Z. F. , Cheng G. , Zhou H. Y. , Wang Z. M. , Liu X. M. , Han Q. Y. , Jiang M. H. 
Published: January 2010

The phase diagram of the Nd–Pt system from 35 to 85 at%Pt has been revised using X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. It is found that the Nd3Pt4phase with the rhombohedral Pd4Pu3structure type is unstable and decomposes into the two neighboring phases NdPt and NdPt2at temperatures ranging approximately from 583 to 1123 K. It is confirmed that the homogeneity range for the Laves phase NdPt2extends from about 68.5 to 75.3 at%Pt in the Nd–Pt binary system. The polymorphic transformation temperature of α-NdPt ⇌ β-NdPt is about 623 K, where the α-NdPt phase with BFe type is stable at low temperatures and the β-NdPt phase with BCr type at high temperatures.
Sequential expression of macrophage anti-microbial/inflammatory and wound healing markers following innate, alternative and classical activation
Authors: Menzies F M , Henriquez F L , Alexander J , Roberts C W 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe present study examines the temporal dynamics of macrophage activation marker expression in response to variations in stimulation. We demonstrate that markers can be categorized as ‘early’ (expressed most abundantly at 6 h post-stimulation) or ‘late’ (expressed at 24 h post-stimulation). Thus nos2 and p40 (IL-12/IL-23) are early markers of innate and classical activation, while dectin-1 and mrc-1 are early markers and fizz1 (found in inflammatory zone-1) and ym1 are late markers of alternative activation. Furthermore, argI is a late marker of both innate and alternative activation. The ability of interferon (IFN)-γ to alter these activation markers was studied at both the protein level and gene level. As reported previously, IFN-γ was able to drive macrophages towards the classical phenotype by enhancing nos2 gene expression and enzyme activity and p40 (IL-12/IL-23) gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. IFN-γ antagonized alternative macrophage activation, as evident by reduced expression of dectin-1, mrc-1, fizz1 and ym1 mRNA transcripts. In addition, IFN-γ antagonized arginase activity irrespective of whether macrophages were activated innately or alternatively. Our data explain some apparent contradictions in the literature, demonstrate temporal plasticity in macrophage activation states and define for the first time ‘early’ and ‘late’ markers associated with anti-microbial/inflammatory and wound healing responses, respectively.
El Niño Southern Oscillation and climate trends impact reservoir water quality
Authors: MARCÉ RAFAEL , RODRÍGUEZ‐ARIAS MIQUEL ÀNGEL , GARCÍA JUAN CARLOS , ARMENGOL JOAN 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLow dissolved oxygen concentration in bottom layers of lakes and reservoirs usually indicates low water quality. In lakes, empirical models predicting anoxia are almost entirely based on the decay of plankton biomass, while in reservoirs recent findings suggest a prominent role of streamflow and load of organic carbon. This suggests a potential link between water quality in reservoirs and climate processes affecting streamflow. Here we support this hypothesis presenting evidence that both interannual climate variability and recent climate change, mainly consisting in a significant increase in potential evapotranspiration in the upstream basin, affected the oxygen content in a Mediterranean reservoir (Sau Reservoir, Spain). Using a 44‐year monthly record, we found strong and consistent signatures of El Niño Southern Oscillation in the inflow and reservoir oxygen content. Spectral and wavelet techniques showed that the El Niño, streamflow, and reservoir oxygen content series oscillated in common periods, which coincided with the main El Niño variability modes. An empirical model explaining the annual oxygen content in the reservoir suggested that a decreasing streamflow trend reduced the oxygen content of the reservoir by about 20%, counteracting remediation measures implemented at the basin upstream the reservoir. Our results provide the first quantitative evidence of climate change effects on reservoir water quality using long‐term instrumental data, and indicate that streamflow should be considered as a key variable in assessing climate change impact on reservoir water quality. These results are especially relevant in regions of the world where reservoirs are abundant and most climate models predict a decrease in runoff during the next decades. Both the expected trends and the sensitivity of reservoir water quality to global interannual climate variability should be considered for a correct management of water resources in the present and to design adaptation policies in the future.