bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of occlusal contacts with the presence of increased periodontal probing depth
Authors: Harrel Stephen K. , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim: This study evaluates relationships in humans between various occlusal contacts and the presence of deeper probing depths, reduced width of keratinized tissue, and less than favourable initial prognosis.Materials and Methods: The tooth level relationship between various occlusal contacts and pocket probing depths, width of keratinized gingiva, and prognosis at the time of initial examination was evaluated (multivariate model) in a group of patients (85 patients, 2219 teeth) with active periodontal disease.Results: The following were noted to be associated with significantly deeper pocket probing depths: premature contacts in centric relation (0.89 mm, p<0.0001), posterior protrusive contacts (0.51 mm, p<0.0001), balancing contacts (1.01 mm, p<0.0001), combined working and balancing contacts (1.13 mm, p<0.0001), and the length of slide between centric relation and centric occlusion. Protrusive contacts on anterior teeth were significantly associated with shallower probing depths (−0.18 mm, p=0.0076) and a wider zone of keratinized tissue (0.16 mm, p=0.0065). Balancing contacts with and without working contacts and centric prematurities were all associated with an increased incidence of a less than “Good” prognosisConclusions: Multiple types of occlusal contacts were shown to be associated with deeper probing depths and the increased assignment of a less than “Good” initial prognosis.
Reactive shifts in the pattern of resource allocation in three Lolium species with different levels of persistency under clipping disturbance
Authors: Aoyagi Yukiko , Akimoto Masahiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPersistency of plant growth is closely related to the manner of resource allocation; however, plants often shift the pattern of resource allocation depending on their growth condition. We examined how the plants with different levels of persistency change their resource allocation patterns in response to defoliation using three Lolium species: L. temulentum (annual); L. multiflorum (predominantly annual but occasionally overwinter); and L. perenne (perennial). We subjected the plants to clipping treatment by excising approximately 70% of the aboveground body parts of the plants from the three species, and compared the growth pattern of clipped plants with that of the intact controls. Lolium species with different persistency have developed different reaction norms for resource allocation to clipping treatment. After clipping, L. temulentum and L. multiflorum maintained the proportion of reproductive tillers and seed productivity resulting in an increase in the resource investment in the development of reproductive parts, which was compensated with the loss of allocation to the development of vegetative parts. Annual species, which can propagate themselves only through seed generation, possibly enhanced seed production to ensure regeneration under undesirable condition at the cost of vegetative growth. In contrast, L. perenne invested more resources in foliage development by reducing seed production in response to clipping treatment. Perennial plants that can endure adverse effects possibly allocate substantial portion of the resources to vegetative growth for ensuring survival. L. multiflorum showed similar regrowth habits with respect to the constant foliage and seed production per panicle as those of L. perenne, but differed from those of L. temulentum. This may be because the two former species have common ancestors.
Comparing planning time, delivery time and plan quality for IMRT, RapidArc and tomotherapy
Authors: Oliver Mike , Ansbacher Will , Beckham Wayne A. 
Published: November 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine plan quality, treatment planning time, and estimated treatment delivery time for 5‐ and 9‐field sliding window IMRT, single and dual arc RapidArc, and tomotherapy. For four phantoms, 5‐ and 9‐field IMRT, single and dual arc RapidArc and tomotherapy plans were created. Plans were evaluated based on the ability to meet dose‐volume constraints, dose homogeneity index, radiation conformity index, planning time, estimated delivery time, integral dose, and volume receiving more than 2 and 5 Gy. For all of the phantoms, tomotherapy was able to meet the most optimization criteria during planning (50% for P1, 67% for P2, 0% for P3, and 50% for P4). RapidArc met less of the optimization criteria (25% for P1, 17% for P2, 0% for P3, and 0% for P4), while IMRT was never able to meet any of the constraints. In addition, tomotherapy plans were able to produce the most homogeneous dose. Tomotherapy plans had longer planning time, longer estimated treatment times, lower conformity index, and higher integral dose. Tomotherapy plans can produce plans of higher quality and have the capability to conform dose distributions better than IMRT or RapidArc in the axial plane, but exhibit increased dose superior and inferior to the target volume. RapidArc, however, is capable of producing better plans than IMRT for the test cases examined in this study.PACS number: 87.55.x, 87.55.D, 87.55.de, 87.55.dk
Autonomous and controlled motivation and interpersonal therapy for depression: Moderating role of recurrent depression
Authors: McBride Carolina. , Zuroff David C. , Ravitz Paula. , Koestner Richard. , Moskowitz Debbie S. , Quilty Lena. , Bagby R. Michael. 
Published: November 2009

Objectives. We examined the moderating role of depression recurrence on the relation between autonomous and controlled motivation and interpersonal therapy (IPT) treatment outcome.Design. The investigation was conducted in an out‐patient mood disorders clinic of a large university‐affiliated psychiatric hospital. The sample represents a subset of a larger naturalistic database of patients seen in the clinic.Methods. We examined 74 depressed out‐patients who received 16 sessions of IPT. The Beck Depression Inventory‐II, administered at pre‐treatment and post‐treatment, served as a measure of depressive severity. Measures of motivation and therapeutic alliance were collected at the third session.Results. In the entire sample, both the therapeutic alliance and autonomous motivation predicted higher probability of achieving remission; however, the relation differed for those with highly recurrent depression compared to those with less recurrent depression. For those with highly recurrent depression, the therapeutic alliance predicted remission whereas autonomous motivation had no effect on remission. For those with less recurrent depression, both autonomous motivation and the therapeutic alliance predicted better achieving remission. Controlled motivation emerged as a significant negative predictor of remission across both groups.Conclusion. Taken together, these results highlight the possible use of motivation theory to inform and enrich therapeutic conceptualizations and interventions in clinical practice, but also point to the importance of modifying interventions based on the chronicity of a client's depression.
Protection motivation theory and the prediction of physical activity among adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in a large population sample
Authors: Plotnikoff Ronald C. , Lippke Sonia , Trinh Linda , Courneya Kerry S. , Birkett Nick , Sigal Ronald J. 
Published: November 2009

Objectives. To investigate the utility of the protection motivation theory (PMT) for explaining physical activity (PA) in an adult population with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design. Cross‐sectional and 6‐month longitudinal analysis using PMT.Methods. Two thousand three hundred and eleven individuals with T1D (N =697) and T2D (N =1,614) completed self‐report PMT constructs of vulnerability, severity, response efficacy, self‐efficacy, and intention, and PA behaviour at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Multi‐group structural equation modelling was conducted to: (1) test the fit of the PMT structure; (2) determine the similarities and differences in the PMT structure between the two types of diabetes; and (3) examine the explained variance and compare the strength of association of the PMT constructs in predicting PA intention and behaviour.Results. The findings provide evidence for the utility of the PMT in both diabetes samples (χ2/df =1.27−4.08, RMSEA=.02–.05). Self‐efficacy was a stronger predictor of intention (β=0.64–0.68) than response efficacy (β=0.14–0.16) in individuals with T1D or T2D. Severity was significantly related to intention (β=0.06) in T2D individuals only, whereas vulnerability was not significantly related to intention or PA behaviour. Self‐efficacy (β's=0.20–0.28) and intention (β's=0.12–0.30) were significantly associated with PA behaviour.Conclusions. Promotion of PA behaviour should primarily target self‐efficacy to form intentions and to change behaviour. In addition, for individuals with T2D, severity information should be incorporated into PA intervention materials in this population.
Buffalo Field High-Pressure-Air-Injection Projects: Technical Performance and Operational Challenges
Authors: Gutiérrez D. , Miller R. J. , Taylor A. R. , Thies B. P. , Kumar V. K. 
Published: November 2009

Summary
The Buffalo field air-injection units, located in northwest South Dakota, are the oldest high-pressure-air-injection (HPAI) projects currently in operation. Air injection began in January 1979, and as of December 2007, approximately 240 Bscf of air has been injected into the field. A total of 17.2 million bbl of incremental oil has been produced by the HPAI process, which is equivalent to 9.4% of the original oil in place (OOIP). The cumulative air/oil ratio (AOR) after 29 years of air injection is approximately 14 Mscf of air/bbl of incremental oil.
This paper summarizes the performance of the projects and the overall experience gained by the operators after nearly 30 years of air injection. It covers almost every aspect of the entire operation since its inception; it discusses general management practices, technical and operational challenges encountered, injection and production facilities, and drilling and well-completion practices. It also includes estimates of incremental oil recovery caused by air injection and discusses how the air use has changed over time
To date, the three HPAI projects in the Buffalo field continue to be a commercial success. In the last 3 years, horizontal laterals have been drilled out of more than 40 old vertical wells to enhance production, to take advantage of accumulated reservoir energy, and to improve sweep efficiency. Drilling injection wells out of old vertical wells was not possible because the openhole laterals cross a porosity zone that would have taken away some of the injection into nonproductive reservoir.
Interim Report on Pressure Effect on Waxy-Crude Pipeline-Restart Conditions Investigated by a Model System
Authors: Ekweribe Chiedozie , Civan Faruk , Lee Hyun Su , Singh Probjot 
Published: November 2009

Summary
A comprehensive review of literature concerning wax crystallization, deposition, and gelation, as well as the yielding behavior of waxy crude gels during pipeline restart is presented. Detailed experimental investigation of the temperature and pressure effects on gel strength is carried out. Influence of testing temperature on gelation kinetics is studied using a controlled stress rheometer (CSR), and the data is analyzed by applying a modified Avrami model for isothermal crystallization. The effect of system pressure on restart conditions is studied using a model pipeline system. It is observed that this system provides the best reproducibility of yield pressures. The model pipeline results are compared with the yield point tests obtained on a CSR. The results of the experimental work reported in this paper suggest that weaker gels may be formed at higher shut-in pressures, which is a favorable condition for pipeline restarting operations.
Walking the Walk: Integrating Lessons from Multiple Perspectives in the Development of an Accounting Ethics Course
Authors: Massey Dawn W. , Van Hise Joan 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT: The post-Enron era shares an important similarity with previous time periods following high-profile ethical lapses: post-Enron, there have been clear calls for educators to increase ethics instruction provided to students majoring in accounting (e.g., Mintz 2007; National Association of State Boards of Accountancy [NASBA] 2005, 2007). Educators' response to the calls—present and past—has been generally limited and has been attributed, in large measure, to three challenges accounting educators (including us) have faced: (1) a lack of space in the curriculum, (2) inadequate instructional resources, and (3) faculty members' discomfort in teaching ethics due to a lack of formal training (Blanthorne et al. 2007; Mintz 1990).
In light of the calls for educators to increase ethics instruction provided to students majoring in accounting, it is incumbent on faculty to help each other overcome these hurdles. In this paper, we endeavor to do so by drawing upon insights gleaned from the philosophy, ethics, accounting ethics, and education literatures to describe not only why, but more importantly, how we designed an accounting ethics course. Additionally, we provide an overview of our course and append our syllabus to assist faculty members who are interested in adopting (or adapting) our course. Finally, we include assessment measures that evidence the success of our course and offer concluding comments.
Treatment of Symptomatic Incurved Toenail with A New Device
Authors: Kim J-Young , Park Jun Sic 
Published: November 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to report our results treating symptomatic incurved toenail with a K-D® (S&C Biotech, Seoul, South Korea) device. Materials and Methods: Between October 2007 and March 2008, 19 patients (31 cases) underwent treatment of symptomatic incurved toenails with a K-D®. The mean age of the patients involved was 38.8 ± 12.4 years. The mean period of time at last followup was 13.3 ± 4.9 months. An American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot hallux score was assigned, and patients were evaluated at pretreatment and the last followup period. Patient satisfaction and the recurrence rate of the deformity were evaluated. For evaluation of improvement in toenail shape, the center to edge angle of the toenail was measured at pretreatment and last followup. The complication rate was also evaluated. Results: All ingrown toenails healed and the nail deformity was corrected within 3 weeks after the procedure. Among the 31 cases, only two cases of incurved toenails recurred on last followup (6% recurrence rate). The mean pretreatment AOFAS forefoot hallux score was 71.1 ± 13.9 and improved to 100 by the last followup ( p < 0.001). Every patient was very satisfied or satisfied with the results of treatment including the two cases of recurrence. The mean center to edge angle of the toenail improved from 51.1 ± 9.5 degrees to 18.4 ± 5.2 degrees by the last followup ( p < 0.001). Minor paronychia, which were managed with local wound dressing and oral antibiotics, were identified in seven cases. No other complication associated with the K-D® were identified. Conclusion: The management of an incurved toenail with the K-D® was an effective and safe treatment method for patients having symptomatic incurved toenail deformity. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Formulation, Preparation and Preservation of Lemon (<i>Citrus limon</i> L.) Cordial
Authors: Helali MOH , Ibrahim M , Shafique MZ , Rahman MM , Biswas SK , Islam MS 
Published: November 2009

Lemon cordial was prepared and its storage conditions were studied. The prepared cordial was kept in 250 ml sterilized glass bottles, sealed and stored at ambient temperature (22°- 37°C) for 360 days. The chemical composition, keeping quality and consumers acceptability of the product was analyzed at an interval of 15 days up to 120 days and then at an interval of 30 days upto360 days. Except vitamin C content, no noticeable change was observed during the storage. Key words: Lemon, Cordial, Citric acid, Ascorbic acid, Reducing sugar, Non-reducing sugar DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3755 J. bio-sci. 16: 125-127, 2008
A Cluster Within the Continuum of Biopsychosocial Distress Can Be Labeled “Fibromyalgia Syndrome” — Evidence from a Representative German Population Survey
Authors: HÄUSER WINFRIED , SCHMUTZER GABRIELE , BRÄHLER ELMAR , GLAESMER HEIDE 
Published: November 2009

Objective.We tested the hypothesis that “fibromyalgia syndrome” is a biopsychosocial continuum disorder.Methods.A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the German general population with persons ≥ 14 years of age was conducted based on face-to-face contacts. Physical distress was measured by the regional pain scale (RPS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15), psychological distress by the PHQ-9, and social distress by the Oslo Social Support Scale. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured by the 12-item form of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form Health Survey. A k-means clustering procedure with 2–8 clusters preset was used to classify the scores of the RPS, PHQ-9, and PHQ-15. The number of clusters retained was based on the stability and interpretability of the clusters. The cluster analysis was first performed with a randomly selected half of the sample and then cross-validated on the second half of the total sample.Results.A 4-cluster solution produced the most stable and meaningful results. Cluster 1 was very low on all symptom scores. Cluster 2 was low on pain sites, somatic symptoms, and depression. Cluster 3 was high on pain scores, moderate on somatic symptoms, and low on depression. Cluster 4 was high on all symptom scores. The centroids of cluster 4 met the survey criteria of fibromyalgia syndrome. Cluster 4 reported a lower HRQOL and less social support compared to the other 3 groups.Conclusion.A cluster within the continuum of biopsychosocial distress can be labeled fibromyalgia syndrome.
Technical note: The effect of midshaft location on the error ranges of femoral and tibial cross‐sectional parameters
Authors: Sládek Vladimír , Berner Margit , Galeta Patrik , Friedl Lukáš , Kudrnová Šárka 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn comparing long‐bone cross‐sectional geometric properties between individuals, percentages of bone length are often used to identify equivalent locations along the diaphysis. In fragmentary specimens where bone lengths cannot be measured, however, these locations must be estimated more indirectly. In this study, we examine the effect of inaccurately located femoral and tibial midshafts on estimation of geometric properties. The error ranges were compared on 30 femora and tibiae from the Eneolithic and Bronze Age. Cross‐sections were obtained at each 1% interval from 60 to 40% of length using CT scans. Five percent of deviation from midshaft properties was used as the maximum acceptable error. Reliability was expressed by mean percentage differences, standard deviation of percentage differences, mean percentage absolute differences, limits of agreement, and mean accuracy range (MAR) (range within which mean deviation from true midshaft values was less than 5%). On average, tibial cortical area and femoral second moments of area are the least sensitive to positioning error, with mean accuracy ranges wide enough for practical application in fragmentary specimens (MAR = 40–130 mm). In contrast, tibial second moments of area are the most sensitive to error in midshaft location (MAR = 14–20 mm). Individuals present significant variation in morphology and thus in error ranges for different properties. For highly damaged fossil femora and tibiae we recommend carrying out additional tests to better establish specific errors associated with uncertain length estimates. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometric variation in the papionin muzzle and the biochronology of the South African Plio‐Pleistocene karst cave deposits
Authors: Gilbert Christopher C. , Grine Frederick E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPapionin monkeys are widespread, relatively common members of Plio‐Pleistocene faunal assemblages across Africa. For these reasons, papionin taxa have been used as biochronological indicators by which to infer the ages of the South African karst cave deposits. A recent morphometric study of South African fossil papionin muzzle shape concluded that its variation attests to a substantial and greater time depth for these sites than is generally estimated. This inference is significant, because accurate dating of the South African cave sites is critical to our knowledge of hominin evolution and mammalian biogeographic history. We here report the results of a comparative analysis of extant papionin monkeys by which variability of the South African fossil papionins may be assessed. The muzzles of 106 specimens representing six extant papionin genera were digitized and interlandmark distances were calculated. Results demonstrate that the overall amount of morphological variation present within the fossil assemblage fits comfortably within the range exhibited by the extant sample. We also performed a statistical experiment to assess the limitations imposed by small sample sizes, such as typically encountered in the fossil record. Results suggest that 15 specimens are sufficient to accurately represent the population mean for a given phenotype, but small sample sizes are insufficient to permit the accurate estimation of the population standard deviation, variance, and range. The suggestion that the muzzle morphology of fossil papionins attests to a considerable and previously unrecognized temporal depth of the South African karst cave sites is unwarranted. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trabecular bone structure in the mandibular condyles of gouging and nongouging platyrrhine primates
Authors: Ryan Timothy M. , Colbert Matthew , Ketcham Richard A. , Vinyard Christopher J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe relationship between mandibular form and biomechanical function is a topic of significant interest to morphologists and paleontologists alike. Several previous studies have examined the morphology of the mandible in gouging and nongouging primates as a means of understanding the anatomical correlates of this feeding behavior. The goal of the current study was to quantify the trabecular bone structure of the mandibular condyle of gouging and nongouging primates to assess the functional morphology of the jaw in these animals. High‐resolution computed tomography scan data were collected from the mandibles of five adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), saddle‐back tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis), and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), respectively, and various three‐dimensional morphometric parameters were measured from the condylar trabecular bone. No significant differences were found among the taxa for most trabecular bone structural features. Importantly, no mechanically significant parameters, such as bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy, were found to vary significantly between gouging and nongouging primates. The lack of significant differences in mechanically relevant structural parameters among these three platyrrhine taxa may suggest that gouging as a habitual dietary behavior does not involve significantly higher loads on the mandibular condyle than other masticatory behaviors. Alternatively, the similarities in trabecular architecture across these three taxa may indicate that trabecular bone is relatively unimportant mechanically in the condyle of these primates and therefore is functionally uninformative. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.