bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical match performance of youth football players in relation to physical capacity
Authors: Rebelo António , Brito João , Seabra André , Oliveira José , Krustrup Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aims of the study were to (1) analyse the activity profile of youth football players during competitive matches, and (2) examine the relationship between physical match performance and intermittent exercise performance as well as . Thirty youth male football players, aged 14–17 years, carried out a laboratory treadmill test for determination of as well as the Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo‐Yo IR1) and Yo‐Yo intermittent endurance level 2 (Yo‐Yo IE2) tests. Time–motion analysis and heart rate (HR) recordings were performed during two competitive matches per player. Distance covered during the match was 6311±948 (range: 4435–8098) m, of which 12% were high‐intensity activities (HIA; 759±437 [374–2062] m), and 5% was backwards running (309±205 [12–776] m). Mean match HR was 168±12 (140–187) bpm, corresponding to 85% (69–91) of maximum HR. The total distance covered in the last 13.3‐min period of the match was 40%, 26% and 17% lower than in the first, second and fourth 13.3‐min periods of the match, respectively (P<0.05). The distance covered in backwards running decreased by 31% and 37% from the first to the last 13.3‐min periods of the first and second half, respectively (P<0.05). The Yo‐Yo IR1 was significantly associated with the time spent with sprinting during the match (r=0.63; P=0.002) and during the last 13.3‐min period (r=0.63; P=0.022). Both Yo‐Yo IR1 and Yo‐Yo IE2 were correlated with the time spent with match HIA (r=0.56 and r=0.57, respectively; P<0.05). No significant relationship was observed between and match time–motion variables (r=−0.13–0.25; P>0.05) or Yo‐Yo test performances (r=0.09–0.26; P>0.05). In conclusion, youth football players have a high heart‐rate loading during match play and a decreased running performance towards the end of the game. The intermittent exercise capacity, as determined in the Yo‐Yo IR1 test, appears to be a valid indicator of high‐intensity exercise performance in youth matches.
Open access central funds in UK universities
Authors: PINFIELD Stephen , MIDDLETON Christine 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on the extent to which higher education institutions in the UK have set up central funds and similar institutionally co‐ordinated approaches to the payment of open access article‐processing charges. It presents data demonstrating that central funds have only been set up by a minority of institutions and that the number of institutions has not changed significantly between 2009 and 2011. It then explores the barriers to the establishment of such funds and discusses recent developments that might lower these barriers. Finally, it provides a case study of the development of the central fund at the University of Nottingham in the UK and considers the sustainability of such an approach.
Selling to the BRIC: China — understanding and improving your footprint
Authors: STANLEY Adrian 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis article starts with a consideration of the demographic and economic background to China's development. It then goes on to clarify and explain unique factors of the Chinese academic journals market which publishers need to know about and consider. It looks at this from a sales market perspective and also from that of authorship and content creation. It helps give a roadmap and outline to publishers who want to understand and improve their local footprint.
A 2′-deoxycytidine long-linker click adduct forming two conformers in the asymmetric unit
Authors: Seela Frank , Xiong Hai , Budow Simone , Eickmeier Henning , Reuter Hans 
Published: March 2012

The title compound {systematic name: 4-amino-1-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-[6-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)hex-1-ynyl]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one}, C24H28N6O4, shows two conformations in the crystalline state,viz.(I-1) and (I-2). The pyrimidine groups and side chains of the two conformers are almost superimposable, while the greatest differences between them are observed for the sugar groups. The N-glycosylic bonds of both conformers adopt similaranticonformations, with χ = −168.02 (12)° for conformer (I-1) and χ = −159.08 (12)° for conformer (I-2). The sugar residue of (I-1) shows anN-type (C3′-endo) conformation, withP= 33.1 (2)° and τm= 29.5 (1)°, while the conformation of the 2′-deoxyribofuranosyl group of (I-2) isS-type (C3′-exo), withP = 204.5 (2)° and τm= 33.8 (1)°. Both conformers participate in hydrogen-bond formation and exhibit identical patterns resulting in three-dimensional networks. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed with neighbouring molecules of different and identical conformations (N—H...N, N—H... O, O—H...N and O—H...O).
Cyclic fatigue analysis of twisted file rotary NiTi instruments used in reciprocating motion
Authors: Gambarini G. , Gergi R. , Naaman A. , Osta N. , Al Sudani D. 
Published: March 2012

Gambarini G, Gergi R, Naaman A, Osta N, Al Sudani D. Cyclic fatigue analysis of twisted file rotary NiTi instruments used in reciprocating motion. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 802–806, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate the cyclic fatigue fracture resistance of engine‐driven twisted file (TF) instruments under reciprocating movement.Methodology  A sample of 30 size 25, 0.08 taper NiTi TF instruments was tested in a simulated canal with 60˚ angle of curvature and a 3 mm radius. During mechanical testing, different movement kinematics were used at a constant speed, which resulted in three experimental groups (each group n = 10). The instruments from the first group (G1) were rotated until fracture occurred. The instruments in the second (G2) and third group (G3) were driven under reciprocating movement with different angles of reciprocation. The time of fracture for each instrument was measured, and statistical analysis was performed using one‐way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Different test.Results  Reciprocating movement resulted in a significantly longer cyclic fatigue life (P < 0.0001) when compared with continuous rotation. No difference was found between reciprocation 150° clockwise/30° counterclockwise (CW/CCW) and 30° CW/150° CCW.Conclusions  The reciprocating movement was associated with an extended cyclic fatigue life of the TF size 0.25, 0.08 taper instruments in comparison with conventional rotation.
Noninvasive cross‐sectional imaging of incomplete crown fractures (cracks) using swept‐source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Nakajima Y. , Shimada Y. , Miyashin M. , Takagi Y. , Tagami J. , Sumi Y. 
Published: March 2012

Nakajima Y, Shimada Y, Miyashin M, Takagi Y, Tagami J, Sumi Y. Noninvasive cross‐sectional imaging of incomplete crown fractures (cracks) using swept‐source optical coherence tomography. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 933–941, 2012.AbstractAim  To investigate the ability of swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) to detect incomplete crown fractures (cracks) in extracted teeth.Methodology  Cracks were created by subjecting 30 porcine premolars to impaction by a steel rod plunging from the occlusal tip. SS‐OCT images and stereomicroscopic photographs of the surface were acquired for each specimen before and after impaction. For evaluation, the focused light beam of SS‐OCT was projected from three directions on the same plane: buccal or lingual, 45° to the mesial, and 45° to the distal. Histological sections were prepared after impaction, and length and width of cracks and lamellae were evaluated using the corresponding SS‐OCT image. The values were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results  Through SS‐OCT, cracks and lamellae were clearly detected as intensified scattering signals at the same position on the corresponding microphotographs and histological sections. Amongst the three scanning angles, the greatest lengths and widths were considered the corresponding values of SS‐OCT and were used for analysis. Significant correlations regarding line length and width were observed between SS‐OCT and histological sections (length: r = 0.65, P < 0.001; width: r = 0.60, P < 0.001).Conclusions  SS‐OCT can clearly discriminate cracks, which appear as highlighted lines due to the scattering of light. The results obtained from the three scanning directions were correlated well with those of the histological sections.
Neurotrophic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats
Authors: Sun C. , Lin H. , Yu W. , Li X. , Chen Y. , Qiu X. , Wang R. , Dai Y. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIt has been demonstrated that intracavernous injection of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) had beneficial effects on improving erectile function in type‐1 diabetic rats. This study was designed to investigate the neurotrophic effect of BM‐MSCs for type‐1 diabetic rats. Streptozocin‐induced type‐1 diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups: diabetic group, BM‐MSCs‐treated group and BM‐MSCs‐conditioned medium‐treated group. At the 3d, 1 and 2w time points after BM‐MSCs injection, three randomly selected rats in MSCs group were sacrificed and penile samples were harvested to detect BM‐MSCs in penile tissue. Four weeks after intracavernous injection of BM‐MSCs or BM‐MSCs‐conditioned medium, intracavernous pressure (ICP) was assessed to evaluate the erectile function. Immunohistochemistry was used to track labelled BM‐MSCs in penile tissue and to detect neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and neurofilament (NF) positive fibres in penile dorsal nerve. Enzyme lined immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in BM‐MSCs‐conditioned medium. BM‐ MSCs secreted detectable levels of VEGF, BDNF and NGF. Intracavernous injection of BM‐MSCs improved erectile function in diabetic rats. The functional improvement was accompanied by promoted nNOS and NF positive nerve fibres within penile dorsal nerve in type‐1 diabetic rats. Histological data revealed a time‐dependent decrease in the number of BM‐MSCs in the corpus cavernosum following injection. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of BM‐MSCs was partially repeated by BM‐MSCs‐conditioned medium. Intracavernous injection of BM‐MSCs is effective in improving nerve regeneration in diabetic rats. Paracrine effects of BM‐MSCs are probably involved in the improvement.
Perinatal ethinyl oestradiol alters mammary gland development in male and female Wistar rats
Authors: Mandrup K. R. , Hass U. , Christiansen S. , Boberg J. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIncreased attention is being paid to human mammary gland development because of concerns for environmental influences on puberty onset and breast cancer development. Studies in rodents have showed a variety of changes in the mammary glands after perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, indicating progressed development of mammary glands when exposed to oestrogens early in life. However, laboratories use different parameters to evaluate the development of mammary glands, making studies difficult to compare. Moreover, studies of whole mounts in Wistar rats are lacking. In the present study, Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 5, 15 or 50 μg/kg of ethinyl oestradiol per day during gestation and lactation. A wide range of morphological parameters were evaluated in whole mounts of mammary glands from male and female offspring PD21–22. This study showed that in both male and female pre‐pubertal Wistar rats, mammary gland development was accelerated after perinatal oestrogen exposure with increase in size, density and number of terminal end buds (TEBs). In female rats, the most sensitive parameters were the distance to the fifth gland, the relative growth towards the lymph node and the overall density. The sensitive endpoints in male rats were TEB numbers, both in the whole gland and in the zone C, the overall‐ and the highest density. The overall density was sensitive in both male and female rats and was considered a good representative of both branching and budding of the gland. The number of TEBs in zone C was representative of the number of TEBs in the whole gland. Further studies in older Wistar rats and with weak oestrogenic compounds could be performed to validate mammary gland examination as an endpoint in reproductive toxicity studies and to examine how early life environmental exposures may alter mammary gland development, disrupt lactation and alter susceptibility to breast cancer.
“I can’t just follow any particular textbook”: immigrants in cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Nielsen Lisa Seto , Angus Jan E. , Lapum Jennifer , Dale Craig , Kramer‐Kile Marnie , Abramson Beth , Marzolini Susan , Oh Paul , Price Jennifer , Clark Alex 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim.  The study purpose was to examine how and under what circumstances immigrants combine diabetes self‐care with cardiac rehabilitation recommendations.Background.  Cardiac rehabilitation can improve and lengthen life in people with coronary heart disease as it promotes healthy physical and psychosocial behaviours and outcomes. This study is the first to examine the convergence of two common issues on participation: (1) the problems posed when cardiac rehabilitation patients must also contend with type II diabetes and (2) the experiences of immigrants in cardiac rehabilitation.Design.  A critical ethnographic approach was employed.Methods.  Two in depth interviews were conducted with 18 immigrants (eight men, ten women) enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation. Data were collected from 2008–2010.Findings.  Threaded throughout immigrant participants’ descriptions were biographical accounts of crossing geographical borders, establishing a sense of belonging in their adopted country and trying to feel ‘at home’ in cardiac rehabilitation. Participants described creative hybridization of transnationally informed knowledges and particularized practices to manage diabetes self‐care and to reduce cardiac risk. Participants judiciously considered, assessed and blended knowledges from cardiac rehabilitation, experience with their own bodies and general ‘wisdoms’ passed on within their own and other immigrant communities.Conclusion.  These findings suggest that migration constitutes an important social positioning that contextualizes individual efforts to activate diabetes self‐care and cardiac rehabilitation. Support to immigrants may improve when nurses recognize the significance of such experiences. Efforts are needed in practice and research to recognize and explore immigrants’ creative efforts to engage in cardiac rehabilitation.
Beech roots are simultaneously colonized by multiple genets of the ectomycorrhizal fungusLaccaria amethystinaclustered in two genetic groups
Authors: HORTAL S. , TROCHA L. K. , MURAT C. , CHYBICKI I. J. , BUÉE M. , TROJANKIEWICZ M. , BURCZYK J. , MARTIN F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this study, we characterize and compare the genetic structure of aboveground and belowground populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungusLaccaria amethystinain an unmanaged mixed beech forest. Fruiting bodies and mycorrhizas ofL. amethystinawere mapped and collected in four plots in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Poland). A total of 563 fruiting bodies and 394 mycorrhizas were successfully genotyped using the rDNA IGS1 (intergenic spacer) and seven simple sequence repeat markers. We identified two different genetic clusters ofL. amethystinain all of the plots, suggesting that a process of sympatric isolation may be occurring at a local scale. The proportion of individuals belonging to each cluster was similar among plots aboveground while it significantly differed belowground. Predominance of a given cluster could be explained by distinct host preferences or by priority effects and competition among genets. Both aboveground and belowground populations consisted of many intermingling small genets. Consequently, host trees were simultaneously colonized by manyL. amethystinagenets that may show different ecophysiological abilities. Our data showed that several genets may last for at least 1 year belowground and sustain into the next season. Ectomycorrhizal species reproducing by means of spores can form highly diverse and persistent belowground genets that may provide the host tree with higher resilience in a changing environment and enhance ecosystem performance.
The suppressive function of the rice DELLA protein SLR1 is dependent on its transcriptional activation activity
Authors: Hirano Ko , Kouketu Eriko , Katoh Hiroe , Aya Koichiro , Ueguchi‐Tanaka Miyako , Matsuoka Makoto 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWhen the gibberellin (GA) receptor GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1) binds to GA, GID1 interacts with DELLA proteins, repressors of GA signaling. This interaction inhibits the suppressive function of DELLA protein and thereby activates the GA response. However, how DELLA proteins exert their suppressive function and how GID1s inhibit suppressive function of DELLA proteins is unclear. By yeast one‐hybrid experiments and transient expression of the N‐terminal region of rice DELLA protein (SLR1) in rice callus, we established that the N‐terminal DELLA/TVHYNP motif of SLR1 possesses transactivation activity. When SLR1 proteins with various deletions were over‐expressed in rice, the severity of dwarfism correlated with the transactivation activity observed in yeast, indicating that SLR1 suppresses plant growth through transactivation activity. This activity was suppressed by the GA‐dependent GID1–SLR1 interaction, which may explain why GA responses are induced in the presence of GA. The C‐terminal GRAS domain of SLR1 also exhibits a suppressive function on plant growth, possibly by directly or indirectly interacting with the promoter region of target genes. Our results indicate that the N‐terminal region of SLR1 has two roles in GA signaling: interaction with GID1 and transactivation activity.
A novel approach to endovascular treatment of severe hepatic vein stenoses following liver transplant in children
Authors: Gibson Craig , John Philip , Amaral Joao 
Published: March 2012

Gibson C, John P, Amaral J. A novel approach to endovascular treatment of severe hepatic vein stenoses following liver transplant in children.  Pediatr Transplantation 2012. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Hepatic vein stenoses are a rare but serious complication of liver transplants in children. Restoration of flow by radiological methods often provides a viable treatment option. This technique relies on the interventional radiologist’s ability to advance a guide wire across the obstruction, thus allowing for balloon dilatation and other necessary interventions. Failure to cross the stenosis reduces graft survival and increases patient morbidity. We report two cases with tight hepatic vein stenosis where the guide wire could not be advanced in a conventional approach across the upper end of the stenosis. Utilizing prominent intrahepatic collateral vessels, the stenoses were able to be crossed, facilitating successful PTA with good clinical outcome.
A new phytoplasma associated with witches’‐broom on Japanese maple in China
Authors: Li Z.‐N. , Zhang L. , Zhao L. , Wu Y.‐F. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIn September 2011, five Japanese maple (Acer palmatum Thunb.) trees with symptoms of witches’‐broom were observed growing near each other at a maple grove in Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. Pleomorphic phytoplasma‐like bodies were observed in the phloem sieve tube elements of symptomatic plants under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The presence of phytoplasma was further confirmed by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which amplified a 1.2‐kb fragment using universal primer pair R16mF2/R16mR1 followed by further amplification using primer pair R16F2n/R16R2. Phylogenetic analysis and gel‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis demonstrated that the Japanese maple witches’‐broom was associated with phytoplasma belonging to subgroup 16SrI‐D. This is the first report of a phytoplasma disease of Japanese maple.
Growth Enhancement, Amino Acid Synthesis and Reduction in Susceptibility Towards Phytophthora megakarya by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation in Cocoa Plants
Authors: Tchameni Séverin Nguemezi , Nwaga Dieudonné , Wakam Louise Nana , Mangaptche Ngonkeu Eddy Leonard , Fokom Raymond , Kuaté Jean , Etoa Francois‐Xavier 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe effects of some selected arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Gigaspora margarita and Glomus mossae on the growth and the role of soluble amino acids of two contrasting cocoa cultivars (ICS84 tolerant and SNK10 sensitive) against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya were investigated. Root colonization by AM fungi is between 50 and 70% 18 weeks after planting. Tested AM fungi significantly increased all the plant growth parameters (height, number of leaves, shoot and root matter) and P uptake as compared to non‐inoculated plants in pot experiments. AM fungi inoculated cocoa reduced the disease severity. Compared to the control, the soluble amino acid levels increased with inoculation of the AM fungi strains in the necrotic stems of disease on inoculated cocoa plants. Significant relationships between amino acids and disease severity observed for two cocoa cultivars imply that the induction of specific amino acids synthesized by leaves, such as arginine, cysteine and glutamic acid, may represent potential candidate molecules for adaptation of such cultivars to P. megakarya disease. Inoculating seedlings with AMF in nurseries could enhance the development of cocoa plants protected against P. megakarya.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Wheat Response to Powdery Mildew Infection in WheatPm30Near‐Isogenic Lines
Authors: Wang Bo , Xie Chaojie , Xin Mingming , Song Na , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWheat powdery mildew, caused byBlumeria graminisf.sp.tritici (Bgt), is an important disease worldwide, causing significant yield losses annually. However, little is known about the proteomic response to powdery mildew infection in wheat. To analyse the leaf proteome changes of wheat in susceptible and resistant cultivars in response toBgt, we compared the leaf proteins of susceptible cultivar Jingdong 8 (JD8) and its powdery mildew resistance near‐isogenic line (NIL) with a single Pm resistance genePm30(JD8‐Pm30) at 0, 24 and 48 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a combination of two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) and MALDI‐TOF MS. In total, 449 and 452 protein spots were reproducibly detected in leaves of JD8 and JD8‐Pm30, respectively, among which 53 (11.8%) and 44 (9.7%) were found to be polymorphic among 0, 24 and 48 hpi with the fold change of more than 1.5 and significant difference (P < 0.05). Both quantitative and qualitative differences were observed between extracts of different inoculation time, which can be clustered into seven possible patterns. Remarkably, most of the spot changes were unique in each genotype, and only one (spot 195) was shared in two genotypes, indicating that their response toBgtinfection at translational level is different for the near‐isogenic lines. Moreover, 26 of the 97 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which included such functional categories as transcription and translation, energy and metabolism, signal transduction, disease and defence, as well as unclassified proteins. Results are discussed in terms of the functional implications of the proteins identified, with special emphasis on their putative roles in defence.