bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic performance analysis with periscope
Authors: Gerndt M. , Ott M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPerformance analysis is essential to fully exploit the potential of high‐performance computers. With the imminence of petascale systems which will consist of ten thousands or even hundred thousands of processor cores, this task will increase in complexity. Hence, tools are required that automatically detect the performance bottlenecks and thus ease the performance analysis of an application. On large‐scale systems, collecting information about performance‐relevant events of an application can easily produce a huge amount of data whose analysis is very challenging. Aggregating the performance data during runtime and conducting the search for performance properties online allows users to distill essential performance bottlenecks without overwhelming the user with an uncontrollable load of data. In this paper we present the recent developments on Periscope, a highly scalable tool for the automatic distributed online search for the performance properties of large‐scale applications on high‐end computers. It allows for both detection of the performance bottlenecks limiting the scalability on parallel systems as well as pinpointing the issues concerning the single‐node performance of an application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excited‐State Dynamics of Metal String Complex Ni3(dpa)4X2 from Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectra
Authors: Cheng Chao‐Han , Hung Ruei‐Ding , Wang Wen‐Zhen , Peng Shie‐Ming , Chen I‐Chia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe excited‐state dynamics of Ni3(dpa)4X2, in which dpa is the ligand di(2‐pyridyl)amido and X=NCS or Cl, are investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy. The ππ* and dd states are excited upon irradiation at wavelengths of 330 and 600 nm, respectively. Similar transient spectra are observed under the experimental temporal resolution. The transient species also show weak absorption. It is proposed that a low‐lying metal‐centered dd state is accessed immediately after excitation. Analyses of the experimental kinetic traces reveal a rapid conversion from a ligand‐centered ππ* state to a metal‐centered dd state in 0.1–0.4 ps. Vibrational cooling occurs with a time coefficient of 3.0–15.9 ps. From the spectral shift observed in the transient spectra relative to the steady‐state spectra, the dd state is assigned as B1/B2(Nit). This dd state eventually converts to the electronic ground state, in about 100 ps for the isothiocyanate complex and 200 ps for the chloride. In this trimetal string complex, relaxation to the ground electronic surface after excitation is therefore rapid.
Baulicher Brandschutz mit Kalksandsteinwänden
Authors: Meyer Günter , González Antonio Caballero , Claessens Arthur , Misiewicz Lech , Overmeire Elly Van 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDie europäischen Produkt‐ und Prüfnormen – oft gescholten, weil abweichend vom bisher Bekannten·– haben einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Nutzen: Sie stellen europaweit gleiche Bewertungsgrundsätze dar. Dies trifft vor allem für die europäischen Prüfnormen zu. Neue Prüfnormen bedeuten jedoch auch neue, von dem bisherigen Prüfverfahren abweichende Ergebnisse. Dies darf allerdings nicht dazu führen, dass bisherige Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse (historische Daten) ihre Gültigkeit verlieren. Dass letzteres einen beträchtlichen volkswirtschaftlichen Schaden darstellen würde, zeigt sich besonders deutlich an den durchgeführten Brandversuchen: Allein in Deutschland wurden von der Mauerwerks‐Industrie in den letzten 60 Jahren geschätzt weit über eine Million € für Brandversuche aufgewendet!Europaweit gleiche Prüfnormen bieten die Chance zur Lastenteilung. Dies hat die europäische Kalksandsteinindustrie bereits 2006 erkannt. Damals fanden sich die in der ehemaligen Struktur des europäischen Kalksandsteinverbands (ECSPA) besonders engagierten Mitglieder (Belgien, Deutschland, Niederlande und Polen) zusammen und beschlossen, die Fragestellungen, die sich aus den neuen Brandprüf‐ und Bemessungsnormen ergaben, gemeinsam anzugehen. Dieser Beschluss war letztlich ein wichtiges Argument, um den europäischen Verband neu auszurichten und noch stärker auf das vereinte Lösen gemeinsamer Fragestellungen zu fokussieren.Der nachfolgende Beitrag stellt die ersten Ergebnisse des ersten gemeinsamen ECSPA‐Forschungsvorhabens “Fire Resistance of Calcium Silicate Masonry Walls” vor, in dem es primär darum ging, die bisher bekannte Leistungsfähigkeit von Kalksandsteinwänden im Brandfall auch unter den neuen Randbedingungen (neue Prüfnorm und Bemessungslasten) mindestens zu überprüfen. Gleichzeitig sollte das Vorhaben durch parallel zu den geplanten Prüfungen betriebene numerische Untersuchungen begleitet werden, um die Anzahl der notwendigen Untersuchungen/Prüfungen zu begrenzen und eine Anknüpfung an den historischen Kenntnisstand zu erlauben.
Knicken von Mauerwerkspfeilern bei gerissener Zugzone und nichtlinearem Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Verlauf
Authors: Führer Wilfried 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIm Jahr 1971 hatte der Autor seine Dissertation “Die Stabilität von Wänden aus Mauerwerk” [2] vorgelegt und darin unter anderem das Knicken des elastischen Mauerwerkpfeilers bei gerissener Zugzone mittels einer neuen Differentialgleichung exakt gelöst.Professor Mann hatte diesen Beitrag Ende der siebziger Jahre aufgegriffen und auf den vorgekrümmten elastischen Stab bei gerissener Zugzone erweitert und neu berechnet. Seine Veröffentlichung erschien als Dauerbeitrag im Mauerwerk‐Kalender “Grundlagen für die Bemessung nach DIN 1053 Teil 2 (Entwurf)” [1] bzw. “Grundlagen der vereinfachten und der genaueren Bemessung von Mauerwerk nach DIN 1053‐1” in den Jahren 1981 bis 2001, worin er korrekt auch immer die Dissertation des Verfassers in der Literaturliste aufführte.Der Autor möchte in diesem Beitrag am Berührungspunkt der beiden Arbeiten anknüpfen und das Anliegen durch eine neuerliche Erweiterung der Aufgabenstellung fortführen. Statt des linearen Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Verhaltens wird ein gekrümmtes zugrunde gelegt und dafür wieder eine geschlossene Lösung mittels der Differentialgleichung aus der Arbeit von Mann präsentiert.In Hochachtung vor der Person und der wissenschaftlichen Leistung Prof. Mann s lehnt sich der Autor so eng wie möglich an seinen Lösungsweg an, zumal sein Ansatz weit über den eigenen hinausging.Der Verfasser ist sich dessen bewusst, dass die Mauerwerks‐Forschung in den vergangenen 30 Jahren auf diesem Gebiet viele neue Erkenntnisse erworben hat. Leider kann der Autor in seinem Beitrag die ganze Entwicklung weder berücksichtigen noch würdigen, zumal er in all den Jahren auf anderen Gebieten forschend tätig war. Er knüpft daher ausschließlich am damaligen Berührungspunkt an und zitiert nur die beiden Arbeiten.
Mauerwerkssanierung mit dem Spiralankersystem – Konzept, Wirkprinzip und maßgebende Materialeigenschaften
Authors: Neubert Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNach kurzen Ausführungen zur Entwicklung des Spiralankersystems im deutschsprachigen Raum werden grundsätzliche Aufgabe, Wirkprinzip und maßgebende Materialeigenschaften des Ruberstein® Spiralankersystems bei der Sanierung gerissener Mauerwerkskonstruktionen erläutert. Abschließend wird ein Bemessungskonzept vorgestellt, welches die Ermittlung der für eine Risssanierung erforderlichen Spiralankermenge auf der Grundlage einer Rissbreitenbeschränkung sowie der im Mauerwerk dauerhaft auftretenden Zwangzugbeanspruchungen infolge Temperaturdehnungen ermöglicht.
The Effect of Ligand Architecture on the Structure and Properties of Nickel and Copper Complexes of Amide‐Based Macrocycles
Authors: Sharma Savita K. , Hundal Geeta , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the influence of electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents on the structural, chemical and redox properties of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes in a set of 12‐membered macrocyclic ligands. Four macrocyclic ligands, H2LH, H2LCl, H2LMe, and H2LOMe, in their doubly deprotonated form, have been used to synthesize the NiII and CuII complexes. The crystallographic studies reveal that whereas the nickel ion is in an N4 square‐planar environment, the CuII complexes have a square‐pyramidal geometry with an N4 basal plane and the Oamide atom in the apical position. Furthermore, the Cu–Namide bonds are shorter than the Ni–Namide bonds. The NiII and CuII complexes are capable of undergoing one‐ and two‐electron oxidations that are most likely metal‐ and ligand‐centered. The electrochemical results indicate that theNiIII/II potentials are more positive than the CuIII/II potentials. Electron‐donating substituents on the ring shift the redox‐potential value towards less positive values and better stabilize a higher oxidation state of the metal ion. The NiIII and CuIII species were generated in solution both electrochemically as well as chemically and are shown to have rich spectroscopic features. The absorption and anisotropic EPR spectra of the nickel complexes suggest that the NiIII species is in a square‐planar geometry. The spectroscopic data for the nickel(III) and copper(III) species bearing an OMe group on the ligand suggest a metal complex with a semiquinone‐type ligand‐based radical.
Carbonate‐Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanoporous CuO Microstructures and Their Application in Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Min , Gao Yan'an , Wang Baoxiang , Rozynek Zbigniew , Fossum Jon Otto 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe have demonstrated a facile carbonate‐assisted hydrothermal route for synthesis of well‐defined nanoporous copper oxide microstructures with high surface area. The nanoporous CuO microstructures were synthesised by adding sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) to an aqueous solution of copper chloride (CuCl2) in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) at 300 °C. The introduction of NaHCO3 is critical for the successful synthesis of porous nanoarchitectures owing to the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas during the synthesis process. The structure and morphology of CuO are very sensitive to the concentration of NaHCO3 and PVP, as well as to the molecular weight of PVP. The nanoporous CuO product shows higher catalytic activity than other types of CuO materials because of its porous structure. It is believed that this method will provide a simple and versatile approach to large‐scale production of CuO with high surface area by means of a facile hydrothermal route.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Mass Spectrometry of Mononuclear NiII Inclusion Product and Self‐Assembled [2 × 1+1 × 2] NiII3MII (M = Cu, Ni, Co, Fe or Mn) Cocrystals Derived from N,N′‐Ethylenebis(3‐ethoxysalicylaldimine)
Authors: Sarkar Sohini , Nayak Malabika , Fleck Michel , Dutta Supriya , Flörke Ulrich , Koner Rajesh , Mohanta Sasankasekhar 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe syntheses, characterization and structures of a mononuclear nickel(II) compound [NiIIL1⊂(H2O)] (1) and [2 × 1+1 × 2] cocrystals [{NiIIL1MII(H2O)3}{NiIIL1}2](ClO4)2 [M = Cu (2), Ni (3), Co (4), Fe (5) and Mn (6)] derived from the hexadentate Schiff base compartmental ligand N,N′‐ethylenebis(3‐ethoxysalicylaldimine) (H2L1) have been described in this investigation. Compound 1 is an inclusion product in which the water molecule is encapsulated in the O4 compartment by forming bifurcated hydrogen bonds. Reactions of 1 with perchlorate salts of copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II), iron(II) and manganese(II) in open atmosphere produce compounds 2–6, which have similar structures. These compounds are [2 × 1+1 × 2] tetrametallic systems containing self‐assembled and cocrystallized one dinuclear [NiIIL1MII(H2O)3]2+ cation and two mononuclear [NiIIL1] moieties. Among three coordinated water molecules of the dinuclear cores in 2–6, two are encapsulated in the O4 cavity of two mononuclear [NiIIL1] moieties by forming bifurcated hydrogen bonds. Evidently, the formation of inclusion product 1 and dinuclear–mononuclear cocrystals 2–6 are related to the affinity of the O4 compartment to encapsulate a water molecule. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI+) spectra of compounds 1–6 have been recorded. The mass spectra of 2–6 reveal that not only the tetrametallic self‐assemblies are ruptured but also the second metal ion in the dinuclear core leaves the O4 cavity. For the NiII3CuII (2) and NiII3FeII (5) compounds, metal substitution takes place in solution, resulting in the formation of [CuIIL1Na]+ and [{CuIIL1}2Na]+ for 2 and [1 × 1+1 × 1] species [{NiIIL1}·{FeIIIL1}]+ for 5.
Hydrangea‐Like Meso‐/Macroporous ZnO‐CeO2 Binary Oxide Materials: Synthesis, Photocatalysis and CO Oxidation
Authors: Ma Tian‐Yi , Yuan Zhong‐Yong , Cao Jian‐Liang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA series of ZnO‐CeO2 binary oxides with a novel hydrangea‐like morphology and meso‐/macroporous hierarchical structure of high surface area (around 100 m2/g) were synthesized by a simple one‐pot hydrothermal process in the presence of triblock copolymer F127. Homogeneous mixing of wurtzite ZnO and cubic phase CeO2 and the coexistence of Ce3+ and Ce4+ on the surface of the synthesized ZnO‐CeO2 materials were confirmed. UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra show that the absorption edges of the binary oxides shift remarkably to the visible range relative to those of pure ZnO and CeO2. Their photoactivities were tested by photodegradation of Rhodamine B under UV and visible light irradiation, and excellent photocatalytic performance for organic waste degradation was found in the synthesized hydrangea‐like meso‐/macroporous ZnO‐CeO2 materials. Furthermore, their application as heterogeneous catalysts for CO removal was evaluated, and the results indicate that the synthesized ZnO‐CeO2 materials exhibit efficient activity for removing CO by catalytic oxidation, demonstrating a promising potential in environmental remediation.
P2X7 receptors mediate ischemic damage to oligodendrocytes
Authors: Domercq Maria , Perez‐Samartin Alberto , Aparicio David , Alberdi Elena , Pampliega Olatz , Matute Carlos 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBrain ischemia leading to stroke is a major cause of disability in developed countries. Therapeutic strategies have most commonly focused on protecting neurons from ischemic damage. However, ischemic damage to white matter causes oligodendrocyte death, myelin disruption, and axon dysfunction, and it is partially mediated by glutamate excitotoxicity. We have previously demonstrated that oligodendrocytes express ionotropic purinergic receptors. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of purinergic signaling in white matter ischemia. We show that, in addition to glutamate, enhanced ATP signaling during ischemia is also deleterious to oligodendrocytes and myelin, and impairs white matter function. Thus, ischemic oligodendrocytes in culture display an inward current and cytosolic Ca2+overload, which is partially mediated by P2X7 receptors. Indeed, oligodendrocytes release ATP after oxygen and glucose deprivation through the opening of pannexin hemichannels. Consistently, ischemia‐induced mitochondrial depolarization as well as oxidative stress culminating in cell death are partially reversed by P2X7 receptor antagonists, by the ATP degrading enzyme apyrase and by blockers of pannexin hemichannels. In turn, ischemic damage in isolated optic nerves, which share the properties of brain white matter, is greatly attenuated by all these drugs. Ultrastructural analysis and electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that P2X7 antagonists prevent ischemic damage to oligodendrocytes and myelin, and improved action potential recovery after ischemia. These data indicate that ATP released during ischemia and the subsequent activation of P2X7 receptor is critical to white matter demise during stroke and point to this receptor type as a therapeutic target to limit tissue damage in cerebrovascular diseases. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reliability and validity of the PHQ‐9 for screening late‐life depression in Chinese primary care
Authors: Chen Shulin , Chiu Helen , Xu Baihua , Ma Yan , Jin Tao , Wu Manhua , Conwell Yeates 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validation of the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) for late‐life depression in Chinese primary care.MethodsIn the primary care clinics (PCCs) of Hangzhou city, we recruited 364 older patients (aged ≥ 60) for the PHQ‐9 screening. Then 77 of them were further interviewed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) for the diagnosis of major depression in late life. Statistic strategies for the feasibility, reliability, validity, and receiver operating characteristic curve were performed.ResultsThe mean administration time was 7.5 min, and the Cronbach's α was 0.91. The optimal cut‐off score of PHQ‐9 ≥ 9 revealed a sensitivity of 0.86, specificity of 0.77, and positive likelihood ratio of 5.73. The area under the curve (AUC) in this study was 0.92 (SD = 0.02, 95% CI 0.88–0.96). The PHQ‐2 also revealed good sensitivity (0.84) and specificity (0.90) at the cut‐off point≥ 3.ConclusionsThe PHQ‐9 performs well and has acceptable psychometric properties for screening of patients with late‐life depression in Chinese primary care settings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electro‐organic synthesis of new pyrimidine and uracil derivatives
Authors: Davarani Saied Saeed Hosseiny , Fumani Neda Sheijooni , Vahidi Siavash , Tabatabaei Mohammad‐Ali , Arvin‐Nezhad Hamid 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imageElectrochemical oxidations of catechols have been studied in the presence of 6‐amino pyrimidine derivatives as nucleophiles in aqueous solution using cyclic voltammetry. The efficient electro‐organic synthesis of products has been successfully performed at carbon rod electrodes in an undivided cell under controlled potential conditions in good yield and purity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Hepatitis C virus core protein enhances Telomerase activity in Huh7 cells
Authors: Zhu Zhaowen , Wilson Anne T. , Gopalakrishna Kota , Brown Kyle E. , Luxon Bruce A. , Schmidt Warren N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHepatitis C is an oncogenic virus although the mechanisms responsible for this behavior are not clear. We studied the effects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein expression on Telomerase, an enzyme closely associated with cellular immortalization and neoplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HCV core protein on the regulation of Telomerase activity in human hepatoma cells. Regulation and expression of human Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) was compared in Huh7 cells stably transfected with HCV core protein or cells expressing vector alone. Telomerase activity was measured using Quantitative Telomerase Detection (QTD) and telomere length was measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Transient transfection and luciferase assay were used to evaluate TERT promoter activity. Telomerase activity was increased twofold in Huh7 cells expressing HCV core protein compared to controls (P < 0.01). This was accompanied by a 1.4‐fold increase of TERT mRNA and 1.9‐fold increase in TERT protein (P < 0.01 in either case). Cellular fractionation and immunocytochemical studies showed increased localization of TERT in the nucleus of core‐expressing cells as compared to controls. FISH assay confirmed that telomeres of HCV core‐expressing Huh7 cells were relatively longer than those of control cells (0.22 + 0.05 vs. 0.12 + 0.03, P < 0.01). TERT promoter activity was enhanced about 30% in HCV core‐expressing Huh7 cells compared to control cells (P < 0.02). HCV core protein is associated with increased Telomerase activity in hepatoma cells. These findings suggest that enhancement of Telomerase activity by HCV core protein may contribute to the oncogenicity of HCV. J. Med. Virol. 82:239–248, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase drug‐resistance mutations in chronically infected individuals receiving or naïve to HAART in Cameroon
Authors: Burda Sherri T. , Viswanath Ragupathy , Zhao Jiangqin , Kinge Thompson , Anyangwe Christopher , Tinyami Erick T. , Haldar Bijayesh , Powell Rebecca L.R. , Jarido Veronica , Hewlett Indira K. , Nyambi Phillipe N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe most common first‐line, highly active anti‐retroviral therapy (HAART) received by individuals infected with HIV‐1 in Cameroon is the combination therapy Triomune, comprised of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and one non‐NRTI (NNRTI). To examine the efficacy of these drugs in Cameroon, where diverse non‐B HIV‐1 subtypes and recombinant viruses predominate, the reverse transcriptase (RT) viral sequences in patient plasma were analyzed for the presence of mutations that confer drug resistance. Forty‐nine HIV‐1‐positive individuals were randomly selected from those receiving care in HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics in the South‐West and North‐West Regions of Cameroon. Among the 28 patients receiving HAART, 39% (11/28) had resistance to NRTIs, and 46% (13/28) to NNRTIs after a median of 12 months from the start of therapy. Among those with drug‐resistance mutations, there was a median of 14 months from the start of HAART, versus 9 months for those without; no difference was observed in the average viral load (10,997 copies/ml vs. 8,056 copies/ml). In contrast, drug‐naïve individuals had a significantly higher average viral load (27,929 copies/ml) than those receiving HAART (9,527 copies/ml). Strikingly, among the 21 drug‐naïve individuals, 24% harbored viruses with drug‐resistance mutations, suggesting that HIV‐1 drug‐resistant variants are being transmitted in Cameroon. Given the high frequency of resistance mutations among those on first‐line HAART, coupled with the high prevalence of HIV‐1 variants with drug‐resistance mutations among drug‐naïve individuals, this study emphasizes the need for extensive monitoring of resistance mutations and the introduction of a second‐line HAART strategy in Cameroon. J. Med. Virol. 82:187–196, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occult hepatitis B infection in patients infected with HIV: Report of two cases of hepatitis B reactivation and prevalence in a hospital cohort
Authors: Bloquel B. , Jeulin H. , Burty C. , Letranchant L. , Rabaud C. , Venard V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPatients co‐infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are particularly at risk of hepatitis B reactivation. Two cases of patients infected with HIV with isolated anti‐HBc antibodies who had experienced an HBV reactivation are described. In the two cases HBV reactivation occurred after withdrawal of anti‐retroviral treatment with anti‐HBV activity from the patients' highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), in accordance with HIV genotypic resistance profiles. Consequently, plasma samples from 383 patients infected with HIV were tested to assess the prevalence of occult HBV infection in the Infectious Diseases Department Unit of Nancy Hospital by investigating serological patterns and HBV replication. Forty‐five percent (172/383) of patients had had previous contact with HBV. Isolated anti‐HBc antibodies were observed in 48 patients (48/383, 12%) and, among these, 2 were HBV‐DNA positive. Since 75% (288/383) of the patients were treated with HAART, including at least one drug active against HBV, occult HBV infection was perhaps unrecognized. In cases of HIV infection, all patients should be screened for HBV infection and the knowledge of HBV status as well as the monitoring of HBV viral load are essential in preventing HBV reactivation. Consideration should be given to the continuation of drugs with anti‐HBV activity in co‐infected patients receiving HAART, as cessation of therapy is associated with a risk of HBV reactivation. At least, close monitoring of the HBV viral load is warranted in such situations. J. Med. Virol. 82:206–212, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.