bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming alters cascading effects of a dominant arthropod predator on fungal community composition in the Arctic
Authors: Koltz Amanda M. , Koyama Akihiro , Wallenstein Matthew 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Rapid climate change in the Arctic is altering microbial structure and function, with important consequences for the global ecosystem. Emerging evidence suggests organisms in higher trophic levels may also influence microbial communities, but whether warming alters these effects is unclear. Wolf spiders are dominant Arctic predators whose densities are expected to increase with warming. These predators have temperature-dependent effects on decomposition via their consumption of fungal-feeding detritivores, suggesting they may indirectly affect the microbial structure as well. To address this, we used a fully factorial mesocosm experiment to test the effects of wolf spider density and warming on litter microbial structure in Arctic tundra. We deployed replicate litter bags at the surface and belowground in the organic soil profile and analyzed the litter for bacterial and fungal community structure, mass loss, and nutrient characteristics after 2 and 14 months. We found there were significant interactive effects of wolf spider density and warming on fungal but not bacterial communities. Specifically, higher wolf spider densities caused greater fungal diversity under ambient temperature but lower fungal diversity under warming at the soil surface. We also observed interactive treatment effects on fungal composition belowground. Wolf spider density influenced surface bacterial composition, but the effects did not change with warming. These findings suggest a widespread predator can have indirect, cascading effects on litter microbes and that effects on fungi specifically shift under future expected levels of warming. Overall, our study highlights that trophic interactions may play important, albeit overlooked, roles in driving microbial responses to warming in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems.

IMPORTANCE
The Arctic contains nearly half of the global pool of soil organic carbon and is one of the fastest warming regions on the planet. Accelerated decomposition of soil organic carbon due to warming could cause positive feedbacks to climate change through increased greenhouse gas emissions; thus, changes in ecological dynamics in this region are of global relevance. Microbial structure is an important driver of decomposition and is affected by both abiotic and biotic conditions. Yet how activities of soil-dwelling organisms in higher trophic levels influence microbial structure and function is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that predicted changes in abundances of a dominant predator and warming interactively affect the structure of litter-dwelling fungal communities in the Arctic. These findings suggest predators may have widespread, indirect cascading effects on microbial communities, which could influence ecosystem responses to future climate change.
Complete genome of a multiresistant
Pasteurella multocida
isolated from a diseased Austrian bovine calf
Authors: Barta Leonard , Prieto Beatriz Daza , Stöger Anna , Polzer Daniel , Schmoll Friedrich , Sattler Tatjana , Ruppitsch Werner 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Pasteurella multocida
(
P. multocida
) plays an important role in bovine respiratory diseases. Here we describe the complete genome of a multiresistant
P. multocida
. The strain was isolated from the lung of a diseased, 4-month old, male Fleckvieh calf with a clinical history of bronchopneumonia in Upper Austria.
Study of the Method of Photon Neutralization of Powerful Beams of Negative Ions at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
Authors: Popov S. S. , Atlukhanov M. G. , Burdakov A. V. , Ivanov A. A. , Kurkuchekov V. V. , Sanin A. L. , Skovorodin D. I. , Trunev Yu. A. , Shikhovtsev I. V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA short review of the studies carried out at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (BINP SB RAS) on the photon neutralization of the beams of negative ions is presented. The principal distinctive feature of the presented approach consists in the nonresonant accumulation of photons in a limited space. Their confinement is based on the adiabatic motion of photons in a system of concave mirrors, which is insensitive to the quality of the injected radiation. An analysis is carried out of the possibility of using the neutralizer based on such a nonresonant photon trap in large-scale installations such as ITER and TRT, and a future experiment is described on the photon neutralization using a beam of negative hydrogen ions with energy up to 130 keV and a current of about 10 mA.
Format-tuning of in vivo-launched bispecific T cell engager enhances efficacy against renal cell carcinoma
Authors: O’Connell Ryan P , Liaw Kevin , Wellhausen Nils , Chuckran Christopher A , Bhojnagarwala Pratik S , Bordoloi Devivasha , Park Daniel , Shupin Nicholas , Kulp Daniel , June Carl H , Weiner David 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAdvanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent kidney cancer for which long-term survival rates are abysmal, though immunotherapies are showing potential. Not yet clinically vetted are bispecific T cell engagers (BTEs) that activate T cell-mediated cancer killing through intercellular synapsing. Multiple BTE formats exist, however, with limited cross-characterizations to help optimize new drug design. Here, we developed BTEs to treat ccRCC by targeting carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) while characterizing the persistent BTE (PBTE) format and comparing it to a new format, the persistent multivalent T cell engager (PMTE). These antibody therapies against ccRCC are developed as both recombinant and synthetic DNA (synDNA) medicines.MethodsAntibody formatting effects on binding kinetics were assessed by flow cytometry and intercellular synaptic strength assays while potency was tested using T-cell activation and cytotoxicity assays. Mouse models were used to study antibody plasma and tumor pharmacokinetics, as well as antitumor efficacy as both recombinant and synDNA medicines. Specifically, three models using ccRCC cell line xenografts and human donor T cells in immunodeficient mice were used to support this study.ResultsCompared with a first-generation BTE, we show that the PBTE reduced avidity, intercellular synaptic strength, cytotoxic potency by as much as 33-fold, and ultimately efficacy against ccRCC tumors in vivo. However, compared with the PBTE, we demonstrate that the PMTE improved cell avidity, restored intercellular synapses, augmented cytotoxic potency by 40-fold, improved tumor distribution pharmacokinetics by 2-fold, and recovered synDNA efficacy in mouse tumor models by 20-fold. All the while, the PMTE displayed a desirable half-life of 4 days in mice compared with the conventional BTE’s 2 hours.ConclusionsWith impressive efficacy, the CA9-targeted PMTE is a promising new therapy for advanced ccRCC, which can be effectively delivered through synDNA. The highly potent PMTE format itself is a promising new tool for future applications in the multispecific antibody space.
Comprehensive Target Engagement by the EZH2 Inhibitor Tulmimetostat Allows for Targeting of ARID1A Mutant Cancers
Authors: Keller Patricia J. , Adams Elizabeth J. , Wu Rentian , Côté Alexandre , Arora Shilpi , Cantone Nico , Meyer Rosana , Mertz Jennifer A. , Gehling Victor , Cui Jike , Stuckey Jacob I. , Khanna Avinash , Zhao Feng , Chen Zehua , Yu Ziyang , Cummings Richard T. , Taimi Mohammed , Lakhani Nehal J. , Rasco Drew , Gutierrez Martin , Duska Linda , Devitt Michael , Rippley Ronda , Levell Julian , Truong Jennifer , Wang Jing , Sun Kaiming , Trojer Patrick 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recurrent somatic mutations in the BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex subunit ARID1A occur frequently in advanced urothelial, endometrial, and ovarian clear cell carcinomas, creating an alternative chromatin state that may be exploited therapeutically. The histone methyltransferase EZH2 has been previously identified as targetable vulnerability in the context of ARID1A mutations. In this study, we describe the discovery of tulmimetostat, an orally available, clinical stage EZH2 inhibitor, and it elucidates the aspects of its application potential in ARID1A mutant tumors. Tulmimetostat administration achieved efficacy in multiple ARID1A mutant bladder, ovarian, and endometrial tumor models and improved cisplatin response in chemotherapy-resistant models. Consistent with its comprehensive and durable level of target coverage, tulmimetostat demonstrated greater efficacy than other PRC2-targeted inhibitors at comparable or lower exposures in a bladder cancer xenograft mouse model. Tulmimetostat mediated extensive changes in gene expression, in addition to a profound reduction in global H3K27me3 levels in tumors. Phase I clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data indicated that tulmimetostat exhibits durable exposure and profound target engagement. Importantly, a tulmimetostat controlled gene expression signature identified in whole blood from a cohort of 32 patients with cancer correlated with tulmimetostat exposure, representing a pharmacodynamic marker for the assessment of target coverage for PRC2-targeted agents in the clinic. Collectively, these data suggest that tulmimetostat has the potential to achieve clinical benefit in solid tumors as a monotherapy but also in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, and may be beneficial in various indications with recurrent ARID1A mutations.
Significance: The EZH2 inhibitor tulmimetostat achieves comprehensive target inhibition in ARID1A mutant solid tumor models and cancer patients that can be assessed with a pharmacodynamic gene signature in peripheral blood.
How Competition Shapes Peer Effects: Evidence from a University in China
Authors: Chen Siyu , Hu Zihan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Competition is widely used to enhance effort and performance. However, in many domains, like education, competition could backfire, as performance is not solely reliant on individual efforts but also on collaboration endeavors among peers. Utilizing university administrative data, we examine how competition changes peer effects and peer interactions. Exploiting randomly assigned roommates, we first demonstrate that high-ability roommates have detrimental effects on the academic performance of high-ability students. More importantly, such negative peer effects significantly increase along various dimensions of competition intensity within dorm rooms. Follow-up survey findings reveal that competition hinders mutual assistance and fosters unfriendly behaviors among roommates.
Local Council Oversight and Executives Accountability in Amhara Region
Authors: Belay Degwale Gebeyehu , Abitew Endalsasa Belay , Mengistu Ebabu Chekole , Engdaw Besfat Dejen , Megbaru Abeje Tafere , Wondim Yetimwork Aniteneh , Ayalew Sisay Tamrat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Local councils are the core units of decentralised governments. They represent the people, and make the executive accountable. Effective council enhances the government’s legitimacy by increasing its responsiveness, inclusiveness, and representativeness. This study assessed the effectiveness of the council’s oversight over the executive in Amhara region. Three Zones, five Worerdas, and ten Kebeles were selected. Data was collected from the Woreda and Kebele council members, members of the executive, council speakers, and council standing committee members. A total of 405 council members were used to collect the survey data. Data was also collected using key-informant interviews and focus group discussions. The findings of the study revealed that the local council both at Kebele and Woreda levels less influencing the executive. Low literacy levels and party affiliation in the councils’ are the critical challenges of council oversight. Due to this, the needs and interests of the community are less represented.
Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and the African Continental Free Trade Area
Authors: Lalude Olalekan Moyosore 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Article 4 of the Protocol on the Free Movement of Persons, provides against the discrimination of nationals of state parties to the treaty based on their sex. The discrimination against women extends to stereotypes that often put them at risk in other countries where they might be domiciled. And this is further worsened by the fact that many of these women are not informed about their rights. The study would focus on the issues that result from the discrimination against women in Africa and how this would impact women’s economic capacity to trade within the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). This research engaged the doctrinal approach and the Realistic Conflict Theory. Content analysis was done on the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area Protocol on Trade and Services, the Protocol on the Free Movement of Persons, institutional reports, and journal articles. This study concluded on the opportunities that the inclusive approach of the AfCFTA could bring, if states could leverage on the AfCFTA through states mechanisms to provide equitable means for women to thrive in an export sector, culturally inclined to constrain gender inclusion.
Understanding Structural Factors in Women’s Political Participation
Authors: Muhammed Muhammed Hamid 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study explores how system/structural factors influence the political participation of women at the local level in Ethiopia using two districts in the Amhara region as a case study. The research employs Recruitment theory as a theoretical framework and examines the role of systemic/structural factors and their influence on the political participation of women in local administrations. It uses a qualitative approach to explore how the factors enable or constrain women’s involvement in local governance. Diverse perspectives from female local council members, governmental institutions, and other stakeholders were included using key informant interviews, document analysis, and observation. The findings demonstrate that the electoral system, party system, quota system, and affirmative action have affected women’s political engagement in a different level in the two local governments.
Minimally invasive versus conventional methods for aortic root surgery: Choosing the right approach
Authors: Karadzha Anastasiia , Sharifulin Ravil , Khrushchev Sergey , Afanasyev Alexander , Sapegin Andrey , Zheleznev Sergey , Chernyavsky Alexander , Bogachev-Prokophiev Alexander 
Published: June 2024

Objective Partial upper sternotomy is preferred for isolated aortic valve replacement because of its optimal surgical visibility and favorable cosmetic outcomes; however, it is not commonly used for aortic root surgery, and the conventional median sternotomy is still the preferred method for most surgeons. We aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of a minimally invasive approach (partial sternotomy [PS]) and conventional approach (median sternotomy [FS]) for aortic root surgery. Methods Patients who underwent aortic root surgery at our hospital from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups. After propensity score matching, the conventional group included 156 patients and the minimally invasive group—57 patients. Results Bicuspid aortic valves were observed in 63 (40.4%) and 33 (57.9%) patients in the FS and PS groups, respectively. Valve-sparing surgery was performed on 69 (44.2%) and 30 (52.6%) patients in the FS and PS groups, respectively. The minimally invasive approach was beneficial in terms of blood loss during the first 24 h after surgery ( p = 0.029) and postoperative blood transfusion ( p = 0.023). The survival rates and freedom from reoperation or severe aortic regurgitation after the David procedure were comparable between the standard and minimally invasive groups ( p = 0.25; p = 0.66) at mid-term follow-up. Conclusions A minimally invasive approach for aortic root surgery can be safely performed as the standard approach. Partial upper sternotomy has the advantage of lower blood loss in the early postoperative period and does not negatively affect the results of valve-sparing root replacement.
Assessing occupational participation among justice-involved people ‘with a personality disorder’: Quantitative assessments and their properties
Authors: Connell Catriona , McKay Elizabeth Anne 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: There is little evidence for what influences occupational participation for justice-involved people ‘with a personality disorder’ living in community contexts, and no validated occupational participation assessments specific to this group. We assessed a sample of justice-involved people ‘with a personality disorder’ to ascertain what influences occupational participation using commonly applied assessments and evaluated their construct validity. Method: As part of a mixed-methods study, a purposive sample of 18 justice-involved people ‘with a personality disorder’ were scored on the Model of Human Occupational Screening Tool and Occupational Performance History Interview–Version Two scales. Mean scores were calculated per Model of Human Occupational Screening Tool (MOHOST) item and Occupational Performance History Interview–Version Two (OPHI-II) items and scales and compared to published data. Mann–Whitney U Tests were used to identify within-sample differences based on demographic characteristics. Results: Participants had low scores on MOHOST items and OPHI-II items and scales. Differences were identified compared to published data. Within-sample differences were most apparent in comparisons by employment status and ethnicity. The OPHI-II scales did not operate as intended with this population and recommended adjustments impacted its construct validity. Conclusion: Replication is required with a larger random sample. Integrating these data with qualitative exploration would further elucidate factors influencing occupational participation in this population.
Comparative analysis of static and vibration characteristics of glass fiber reinforced epoxy mono composite leaf spring and conventional steel leaf spring
Authors: GS Divya , Solomon Jenoris Muthiya , BR Mahesh , Ramesh Lalvani J Isaac Joshua 
Published: June 2024

Leaf springs play a vital role in heavy-duty vehicles by offering substantial load support, durability, and convenient maintenance. Lightweight leaf springs enhance vehicle performance, offering benefits like improved fuel efficiency and a smoother ride. Glass fiber reinforced composites enhance fuel efficiency and durability, providing corrosion resistance. Their design flexibility improves ride comfort, and damping properties enhance vehicle stability. The examination conducted through finite element analysis, utilizing ANSYS software, demonstrated a substantial 75.32% decrease in weight for the E-Glass-Epoxy composite leaf spring (GECLS), affirming its efficacy in enhancing strength, reducing weight, and enhancing stiffness. This underscores its superiority as a viable alternative to traditional steel leaf springs (SLS) in vehicular applications. The mono-GECLS exhibited a natural frequency that was found to be 1.9 times higher than that observed in the traditional SLS. It indicates the potential to mitigate resonance issues. After analysing the SLS and GECLS using ANSYS, it was observed that the GECLS exhibits greater values in deflection, natural frequency, and strain energy, measuring 4.659 mm, 29.98 Hz, and 440.68 mJ, respectively, compared to its steel counterpart. Conversely, the SLS demonstrates elevated values in stress, mass, and density, with readings of 283.84 MPa, 3.7695 kg, and 5920 kg/m³, respectively.
Anatomical Structures at Risk in Percutaneous Distal Bunionette Correction
Authors: Nihalani Shrey , Scheinberg Mila , McCrosson Matthew , Yeager Matthew T. , Rutz Robert W. , Hargreaves Mathew , Mohammed Zuhair J. , Singh Swapnil , Shah Ashish 
Published: June 2024

Bunionette deformity is an incredibly pervasive issue in our society with almost a quarter of individuals being affected by it. As it is so common, there are numerous techniques and approaches to correct the deformity. Currently, there is a growing trend that favors percutaneous osteotomy of the bunionette. As there are multiple osteotomy sites, there are anatomical considerations that must be made at each one. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomic structures at risk during distal osteotomy of bunionette deformity using a Shannon burr. Using 11 fresh cadaver specimens, the fifth metatarsal was accessed through a carefully marked portal. A Shannon burr was employed for the osteotomy. Dissections were performed to assess potential damage to critical structures, including the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve (LDCN), abductor digiti minimi (ADM), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Measurements were taken from the osteotomy site to each structure. The distal osteotomy site was on average greater than 8 mm from the EDL and ADM, whereas it was 1.64 mm from the LDCN. The Shannon burr made contact with and transected the LDCN on 2 occasions. However, previous studies have highlighted potential anatomical variations of the LDCN that arise distally. The study underscored the challenges posed by minimally invasive approaches to treating bunionette deformity and highlighted the need for cautious consideration when using percutaneous methods. Level of Clinical Evidence: 5
Technological advances in lower-limb tele-rehabilitation: A review of literature
Authors: Ettefagh Alireza , Roshan Fekr Atena 
Published: June 2024

Tele-rehabilitation is a healthcare practice that leverages technology to provide rehabilitation services remotely to individuals in their own homes or other locations. With advancements in remote monitoring and Artificial Intelligence, automatic tele-rehabilitation systems that can measure joint angles, recognize exercises, and provide feedback based on movement analysis are being developed. Such platforms can offer valuable information to clinicians for improved care planning. However, with various methods and sensors being used, understanding their pros, cons, and performance is important. This paper reviews and compares the performance of recent vision-based, wearable, and pressure-sensing technologies used in lower limb tele-rehabilitation systems over the past 10 years (from 2014 to 2023). We selected studies that were published in English and focused on joint angle estimation, activity recognition, and exercise assessment. Vision-based approaches were the most common, accounting for 42% of studies. Wearable technology followed at approximately 37%, and pressure-sensing technology appeared in 21% of studies. Identified gaps include a lack of uniformity in reported performance metrics and evaluation methods, a need for cross-subject validation, inadequate testing with patients and older adults, restricted sets of exercises evaluated, and a scarcity of comprehensive datasets on lower limb exercises, especially those involving movements while lying down.