bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage evolution in GLARE fibre-metal laminate under repeated low-velocity impact tests
Authors: Morinière Freddy , Alderliesten René , Tooski Mehdi , Benedictus Rinze 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
An experimental study was performed on the repeated low-velocity impact behaviour of GLARE. Damage evolution in the material constituents was characterised with successive number of impacts. Records were correlated with visual inspection, ultrasound C-scan and chemical etching. The stiffness of the plate varied when cumulating the number of impacts. Damage accumulation was limited thanks to the synthesis of unidirectional composite and metal. The glass/epoxy plies with high elastic tensile strength could withstand several impacts before perforation despite delamination growth in the vicinity of the impacted area. The damage tolerant aluminium layers prevented the penetration of the projectile and avoided the expansion of delamination. This efficient mechanism preserved the structural integrity of GLARE until first aluminium cracking at the non-impacted side. Among the different failure modes, plate deformation absorbed most of the impact energy. The findings will support the development of a generic quasi-static analytical model and numerical methods.
Cerebral Blood and CSF Flow Patterns in Patients Diagnosed for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis - An Observational Study
Authors: ElSankari Souraya , Czosnyka Marek , Lehmann Pierre , Meyer Marc-Etienne , Deramond Hervé , Balédent Olivier 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose:
Recent studies of the organization of the cerebral venous system in healthy subjects using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) show its structural complexity and inter-individual variations. Our objective was to study the venous blood and CSF flows in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT).

Materials and Methods:
PC-MRI sequences were added to brain MRI conventional protocol in 19 patients suspected of CVT, among whom 6 patients had CVT diagnosis confirmed by MR venography. Results were compared with 18 healthy age-matched volunteers (HV).

Results:
In patients without CVT (NoCVT) confirmed by venography, we found heterogeneous individual venous flows, and variable side dominance in paired veins and sinuses, comparable to those in healthy volunteers. In CVT patients, PC-MRI detected no venous flow in the veins and/or sinuses with thrombosis. Arterial flows were preserved. CSF aqueductal and cervical stroke volumes were increased in a patient with secondary cerebral infarction, and decreased in 4 patients with extended thrombosis in the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses. These results suggest the main role of the venous system in the regulation of the dynamic intracranial equilibrium.

Conclusions:
CVT produces highly individualized pattern of disturbance in venous blood drainage. Complementary to MRI venography, PC-MRI provides non-invasive data about venous blockage consequences on CSF flow disturbances.
OPTIMIZATION OF MIXING CONDITIONS FOR SILICA-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS
Authors: Kaewsakul W. , Sahakaro K. , Dierkes W. K. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The dump temperature and mixing interval between rubber, silica, and silane coupling agent for silica-filled natural rubber (NR) tire tread compounds using bis-triethoxysilylpropyl tetrasulfide (TESPT) as silane were optimized. The dump temperature turns out to be the key parameter governing the properties of the silica-filled NR compounds. The increase in viscosity of the compounds by changing the dump temperature from 100 to 150 °C indicates that inevitably some cross-linking of NR occurs by sulfur contained in TESPT, simultaneous with the silanization reaction between silica and silane. However, the viscosity decreases again when dump temperatures above 150 °C are applied, indicating a dominant occurrence of degradation of the NR molecules. The results are in good agreement with bound rubber contents. The overall properties indicate that a dump temperature in the range of 135–150 °C and a silica–silane–rubber mixing interval of 10 min are the most appropriate mixing conditions for silica-filled NR compounds with TESPT as coupling agent.
STRAIN-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NBR COMPOSITES WITH CARBON NANOTUBE AND CARBON BLACK
Authors: Ryu Sang-Ryeoul , Sung Jong-Whan , Lee Dong-Joo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The mechanical properties and strain-induced crystallization (SIC) of elastomeric composites were investigated as functions of the extension ratio (λ), multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) content, and carbon black (CB) content. The tensile strength and modulus gradually increase with increasing CNT content when compared with the matrix and the filled rubbers with same amount of CB. Both properties of rubber with CB and CNT show the magnitude of each CNT and CB component following the Pythagorean Theorem. The ratio of tensile modulus is much higher than that of tensile strength because of the CNT shape/orientation and an imperfect adhesion between CNT and rubber. The tensile strength and modulus of the composite with a CNT content of 9 phr increases up to 31% and 91%, respectively, compared with the matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis reveals that the degree of SIC increases with an increase in CNT content. Mechanical properties have a linear relation with the latent heat of crystallization (LHc), depending on the CNT content. As the extension ratio increases, the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the composite increases for CB- and CNT-reinforced cases. However, the LHc has a maximum of λ = 1.5 for the CNT-reinforced case, which relates to a CNT shape and an imperfect adhesion with rubber. Based on these results, the reinforcing mechanisms of CNT and CB are discussed.
MONTMORILLONITE-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES THROUGH EMULSION STABILIZATION–DESTABILIZATION METHOD
Authors: Park Jong-Min , Lee Chan-Woo , Lee Wan-Sul , Yang Kyung-Mo , Lee Jun-Ho , Nam Gi-Yong , Lee Seong-Hoon , Lee Yong Sang , Lee Youngkwan , Nam Jae-Do 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
A nanoplatelet of montmorillonite (MMT) was incorporated in the natural rubber (NR) matrix at a high loading content using a newly developed stabilization–destabilization process in the colloid states. Examination of the surface charge of the colloid drops by zeta potential measurement led to the identification of the stable and unstable conditions of the colloid mixture as well as each colloid system as a function of pH. The stabilized mixture of the MMT and NR colloids was subsequently destabilized by changing the pH of the mixture to achieve a well-dispersed and intercalated NR/MMT precipitate. The resulting NR/MMT nanocomposites provided an exfoliated MMT morphology up to 25 phr, and the mechanical properties and aging tolerance of the resulting nanocomposite vulcanizates were substantially enhanced by the incorporated MMT nanofillers. The developed stabilization–destabilization methodology ensured a highly loaded MMT rubber composite system, which could be used to obtain high performance NR/MMT nanocomposite systems with ease without using high-shear processing techniques.
An ensemble-based approach to imputation of moderate-density genotypes for genomic selection with application to Angus cattle
Authors: SUN CHUANYU , WU XIAO-LIN , WEIGEL KENT A. , ROSA GUILHERME J. M. , BAUCK STEWART , WOODWARD BRENT W. , SCHNABEL ROBERT D. , TAYLOR JEREMY F. , GIANOLA DANIEL 
Published: July 2012

SummaryImputation of moderate-density genotypes from low-density panels is of increasing interest in genomic selection, because it can dramatically reduce genotyping costs. Several imputation software packages have been developed, but they vary in imputation accuracy, and imputed genotypes may be inconsistent among methods. An AdaBoost-like approach is proposed to combine imputation results from several independent software packages, i.e. Beagle(v3.3), IMPUTE(v2.0), fastPHASE(v1.4), AlphaImpute, findhap(v2) and Fimpute(v2), with each package serving as a basic classifier in an ensemble-based system. The ensemble-based method computes weights sequentially for all classifiers, and combines results from component methods via weighted majority ‘voting’ to determine unknown genotypes. The data included 3078 registered Angus cattle, each genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. SNP genotypes on three chromosomes (BTA1, BTA16 and BTA28) were used to compare imputation accuracy among methods, and the application involved the imputation of 50K genotypes covering 29 chromosomes based on a set of 5K genotypes. Beagle and Fimpute had the greatest accuracy among the six imputation packages, which ranged from 0·8677 to 0·9858. The proposed ensemble method was better than any of these packages, but the sequence of independent classifiers in the voting scheme affected imputation accuracy. The ensemble systems yielding the best imputation accuracies were those that had Beagle as first classifier, followed by one or two methods that utilized pedigree information. A salient feature of the proposed ensemble method is that it can solve imputation inconsistencies among different imputation methods, hence leading to a more reliable system for imputing genotypes relative to independent methods.
Forskolin effect on the cryosurvival ofin vitro-produced bovine embryos in the presence or absence of fetal calf serum
Authors: Paschoal Daniela Martins , Sudano Mateus José , Guastali Midyan Daroz , Dias Maziero Rosiára Rosária , Crocomo Letícia Ferrari , Oña Magalhães Luis Carlos , da Silva Rascado Tatiana , Martins Alicio , da Cruz Landim-Alvarenga Fernanda 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe objective of this study was to assess the viability and cryotolerance of zebu embryos producedin vitrowith or without the addition of fetal calf serum (FCS) and forskolin (F). Embryos producedin vivowere used as a control. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in modified synthetic oviductal fluid supplemented with amino acids (SOFaa), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and with (2.5%) or without (0%) FCS. On day 6 of growth, the embryos from each group were divided into treatments with or without 10 μM F to induce embryonic lipolysis, comprising a total of four experimental groups: 2.5% FCS, 0% FCS, 2.5% + F and 0% + F. For vitrification, embryos were exposed to vitrification solution 1 (5 M EG (ethylene glycol)) for 3 min and then transferred to vitrification solution 2 (7 M EG, 0.5 M galactose solution and 18% (w/v) Ficoll 70) before being introduced to liquid nitrogen. The presence of FCS in the culture medium resulted in the production of embryos with a similar rate of damaged cells compared within vivo-produced embryos. After vitrification, the 2.5% FCS group had a significantly higher rate of damaged cells when compared with the other groups (P< 0.05). The results of this experiment indicated that the omission of FCS and the addition of forskolin do not have deleterious effect on embryo production rates. In addition, embryos produced in the presence of FCS had greater sensitivity to cryopreservation, but this effect was reversed when forskolin was added to the medium, which improved embryo survival without affecting embryo development and quality after vitrification.
2-(Naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide
Authors: Fun Hoong-Kun , Quah Ching Kheng , Nayak Prakash S. , Narayana B. , Sarojini B. K. 
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C15H12N2OS, the naphthalene ring system [maximum deviation = 0.026 (1) Å] forms a dihedral angle of 85.69 (6)° with the thiazole ring [maximum deviation = 0.010 (1) Å]. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds generateR22(8) loops. The dimers are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds into chains propagating along [110].
The
In Planta
Transcriptome of Ralstonia solanacearum: Conserved Physiological and Virulence Strategies during Bacterial Wilt of Tomato
Authors: Jacobs Jonathan M. , Babujee Lavanya , Meng Fanhong , Milling Annett , Allen Caitilyn 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Plant xylem fluid is considered a nutrient-poor environment, but the bacterial wilt pathogen
Ralstonia solanacearum
is well adapted to it, growing to 10
8
to 10
9
CFU/g tomato stem. To better understand how
R. solanacearum
succeeds in this habitat, we analyzed the transcriptomes of two phylogenetically distinct
R. solanacearum
strains that both wilt tomato, strains UW551 (phylotype II) and GMI1000 (phylotype I). We profiled bacterial gene expression at ~6 × 10
8
CFU/ml in culture or in plant xylem during early tomato bacterial wilt pathogenesis. Despite phylogenetic differences, these two strains expressed their 3,477 common orthologous genes in generally similar patterns, with about 12% of their transcriptomes significantly altered
in planta
versus in rich medium. Several primary metabolic pathways were highly expressed during pathogenesis. These pathways included sucrose uptake and catabolism, and components of these pathways were encoded by genes in the
scrABY
cluster. A UW551
scrA
mutant was significantly reduced in virulence on resistant and susceptible tomato as well as on potato and the epidemiologically important weed host
Solanum dulcamara
. Functional
scrA
contributed to pathogen competitive fitness during colonization of tomato xylem, which contained ~300 µM sucrose.
scrA
expression was induced by sucrose, but to a much greater degree by growth
in planta
. Unexpectedly, 45% of the genes directly regulated by HrpB, the transcriptional activator of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), were upregulated
in planta
at high cell densities. This result modifies a regulatory model based on bacterial behavior in culture, where this key virulence factor is repressed at high cell densities. The active transcription of these genes in wilting plants suggests that T3SS has a biological role throughout the disease cycle.

IMPORTANCE
Ralstonia solanacearum
is a widespread plant pathogen that causes bacterial wilt disease. It inflicts serious crop losses on tropical farmers, with major economic and human consequences. It is also a model for the many destructive microbes that colonize the water-conducting plant xylem tissue, which is low in nutrients and oxygen. We extracted bacteria from infected tomato plants and globally identified the biological functions that
R. solanacearum
expresses during plant pathogenesis. This revealed the unexpected presence of sucrose in tomato xylem fluid and the pathogen’s dependence on host sucrose for virulence on tomato, potato, and the common weed bittersweet nightshade. Further,
R. solanacearum
was highly responsive to the plant environment, expressing several metabolic and virulence functions quite differently in the plant than in pure culture. These results reinforce the utility of studying pathogens in interaction with hosts and suggest that selecting for reduced sucrose levels could generate wilt-resistant crops.
Pain and behaviour changes in children following surgery
Authors: Power Nina Mary , Howard Richard F , Wade Angie M , Franck Linda S 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo quantify postoperative pain and problematic behaviour (PB) in children at home following day-case (same day admission and discharge) or inpatient (≥1 night in hospital) surgery, to identify factors associated with PB at 2 and 4 weeks after discharge and to determine whether pain is associated with PB after adjustment for other factors.Patients and methodsChildren scheduled for elective surgery were recruited to a descriptive study involving direct observation and self-report questionnaires. The principal outcomes were pain and PB on the 2nd post-discharge day and after the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks.Results131 parents and their children (aged 2–12years) participated in the study. 93% of children had pain and 73% exhibited PB on day 2 after discharge. The incidence of pain and PB decreased over time, but 25% of children still had pain and 32% PB at week 4. Factors associated with PB were child's previous pain experience, parent and child anxiety and parent's level of education.ConclusionsThere was a high incidence of pain and PB persisting for several weeks after surgery in this cohort of children. Previous painful medical experiences and anxiety were important modifiable factors that require further attention from healthcare providers and researchers to potentially improve health and social outcomes for children after surgery.
Collaboration of Kras and Androgen Receptor Signaling Stimulates EZH2 Expression and Tumor-Propagating Cells in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cai Houjian , Memarzadeh Sanaz , Stoyanova Tanya , Beharry Zanna , Kraft Andrew S. , Witte Owen N. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Elevation of the chromatin repression factor enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH2) is associated with progression and poor prognosis in several human cancers including prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms driving EZH2 expression are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the functional synergy in prostate cancers in mice resulting from activation of the androgen receptor, Kras, and Akt, which drives three of the most frequently activated oncogenic signaling pathways in prostate cancer. Although, any two of these three events were sufficient to promote the formation and progression of prostate cancer, only the synergy of androgen receptor and Kras signaling could elevate EZH2 expression and expand prostate cancer progenitor cells in vivo. Our findings have revealed a genetic mechanism resulting in enhanced EZH2 expression during the progression of aggressive prostate cancer, with important implications for understanding how to target advanced disease where cancer progenitor cells may be critical. Cancer Res; 72(18); 4672–81. ©2012 AACR.
Ganetespib (STA-9090), a Nongeldanamycin HSP90 Inhibitor, Has Potent Antitumor Activity in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shimamura Takeshi , Perera Samanthi A. , Foley Kevin P. , Sang Jim , Rodig Scott J. , Inoue Takayo , Chen Liang , Li Danan , Carretero Julian , Li Yu-Chen , Sinha Papiya , Carey Christopher D. , Borgman Christa L. , Jimenez John-Paul , Meyerson Matthew , Ying Weiwen , Barsoum James , Wong Kwok-Kin , Shapiro Geoffrey I. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Purpose: We describe the anticancer activity of ganetespib, a novel non-geldanamycin heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models.
Experimental Design: The activity of ganetespib was compared with that of the geldanamycin 17-AAG in biochemical assays, cell lines, and xenografts, and evaluated in an ERBB2 YVMA-driven mouse lung adenocarcinoma model.
Results: Ganetespib blocked the ability of HSP90 to bind to biotinylated geldanamycin and disrupted the association of HSP90 with its cochaperone, p23, more potently than 17-AAG. In genomically defined NSCLC cell lines, ganetespib caused depletion of receptor tyrosine kinases, extinguishing of downstream signaling, inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis with IC50 values ranging 2 to 30 nmol/L, substantially lower than those required for 17-AAG (20–3,500 nmol/L). Ganetespib was also approximately 20-fold more potent in isogenic Ba/F3 pro-B cells rendered IL-3 independent by expression of EGFR and ERBB2 mutants. In mice bearing NCI-H1975 (EGFR L858R/T790M) xenografts, ganetespib was rapidly eliminated from plasma and normal tissues but was maintained in tumor with t1/2 58.3 hours, supporting once-weekly dosing experiments, in which ganetespib produced greater tumor growth inhibition than 17-AAG. However, after a single dose, reexpression of mutant EGFR occurred by 72 hours, correlating with reversal of antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. Consecutive day dosing resulted in xenograft regressions, accompanied by more sustained pharmacodynamic effects. Ganetespib also showed activity against mouse lung adenocarcinomas driven by oncogenic ERBB2 YVMA.
Conclusions: Ganetespib has greater potency than 17-AAG and potential efficacy against several NSCLC subsets, including those harboring EGFR or ERBB2 mutation. Clin Cancer Res; 18(18); 4973–85. ©2012 AACR.
Chronic Valproate Treatment Enhances Postischemic Angiogenesis and Promotes Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Zhifei , Tsai Li-Kai , Munasinghe Jeeva , Leng Yan , Fessler Emily Bame , Chibane Fairouz , Leeds Peter , Chuang De-Maw 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
Enhanced angiogenesis facilitates neurovascular remodeling processes and promotes brain functional recovery after stroke. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that valproate (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against experimental brain ischemia. The present study investigated whether VPA could enhance angiogenesis and promote long-term functional recovery after ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Male rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion for up to 14 days. Assessed parameters were: locomotor function through the Rotarod test; infarct volume through T2-weighted MRI; microvessel density through immunohistochemistry; relative cerebral blood flow through perfusion-weighted imaging; protein levels of proangiogenic factors through Western blotting; and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 activities through gelatin zymography.

Results—
Postischemic VPA treatment robustly improved the Rotarod performance of middle cerebral artery occlusion rats on Days 7 and 14 after ischemia and significantly reduced brain infarction on Day 14. Concurrently, VPA markedly enhanced microvessel density, facilitated endothelial cell proliferation, and increased relative cerebral blood flow in the ipsilateral cortex. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its downstream proangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9, were upregulated after middle cerebral artery occlusion and significantly potentiated by VPA in the ipsilateral cortex. Acetylation of histone-H3 and H4 was robustly increased by chronic VPA treatment. The beneficial effects of VPA on Rotarod performance and microvessel density were abolished by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α inhibition.

Conclusions—
Chronic VPA treatment enhances angiogenesis and promotes functional recovery after brain ischemia. These effects may involve histone deacetylase inhibition and upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its downstream proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9.