bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verifying position and velocity for vehicular ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Weerasinghe Hesiri D. , Tackett Raymond , Fu Huirong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the near future, vehicle‐to‐vehicle and vehicle‐to‐roadside infrastructure communications will enable numerous applications, such as collision avoidance, traffic management, location‐based services, and infotainment for the automobile field. Position and velocity play important roles in these applications such as collision avoidance. Forged position or velocity information will make a severe impact on both performance and security of the vehicular ad‐hoc network (VANET). The main challenges in developing secure position and velocity schemes for VANETs are the highly dynamic environment and cost constraints. In this paper, we propose a position and velocity verification scheme. Then via ns‐2, we simulate the proposed scheme in various vehicular mobility environments including rural, urban and Manhattan. Finally, we evaluate the proposed scheme for both position and velocity verifications with automotive grade differential global positioning system (DGPS) and intentionally induced errors as well. The performance evaluation results show that (1) our scheme is very precise in both position and velocity verifications and (2) the proposed scheme is very robust in position verification for rural, urban and Manhattan scenarios even if the introduced errors are in the order of 10 m. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey of authentication schemes for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Riley Marshall , Akkaya Kemal , Fong Kenny 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are planned to be deployed within the next decade to improve driver safety, prevent collisions, and provide traffic optimization. Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in the security schemes for VANETs as this area was relatively less explored compared to other areas such as medium access and routing. In particular, efficient authentication of the messages in a VANET with other desirable security features have been heavily studied. However, there are still several issues to be addressed before such authentication mechanisms can be readily and widely used in real‐life deployments. In this paper, we examine several proposed authentication solutions and categorize them based on certain criteria. We provide a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed schemes identifying their suitability under various conditions. Finally, to foster further research in the area, we address some of the challenges that need to be tackled in the future in order to realize the deployment of VANETs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Synthesis of Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles by Solvothermal Method using Ionic Liquid as Additive
Authors: Lin Hechun , de Oliveira Peter W. , Grobelsek Ingrid , Haettich Aude , Veith Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe solvothermal reactions of Ti(OiPr)4 in alcohol using ionic liquid as additive were investigated. In the presence of [BMIM][Cl], [BMIM][Br], [BMIM][NTf2], [BMIM][SO3Me], [BMIM][SO4Me], or [BMIM][OTf] (BMIM = 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium), pure anatase nanoparticles were obtained. The controlled hydrolysis of Ti(OiPr)4 in the presence of ionic liquids to form titanium oxo clusters plays a key role in the formation of anatase nanostructures, and ionic liquids can be repeatedly used to synthesise anatase nanoparticles. However, in the presence of [BMIM][PF6], [BMIM]2[Ti(OH)6] was obtained by an anion exchange reaction.
New Development in Rare Earth Metal Complexes Containing Anionic Bis(imino)pyrrolyl and Bis(phosphanyl)amide Ligands
Authors: Li Tianshu , Jenter Jelena , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRare earth element complexes with the very bulky 2,5‐bis{N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)iminomethyl}pyrrolyl and the sterically less demanding bis(phosphanyl)amide ligand, (PPh2)2N– in the coordination sphere are reviewed in this research report. The coordination chemistry, the reactivity, and the catalytic application of the corresponding complexes are discussed.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of the Sterically Crowded Complex (C5Me4SiMe3)3U
Authors: Siladke Nathan A. , Ziller Joseph W. , Evans William J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe unusual chemistry obtainable from sterically crowded (C5R5)3M complexes has been explored with M = U and (C5Me4SiMe3)1–, a ligand that has independently provided unexpected uranium chemistry. (C5Me4SiMe3)2UMe2 (1), is reduced by potassium to generate the “ate” salt (C5Me4SiMe3)2UMe2K (2), which reacts with [HNEt3][BPh4] to yield the cationic species [(C5Me4SiMe3)2U][BPh4] (3). KC5Me4SiMe3 reacts with 3 in benzene to form (C5Me4SiMe3)3U, (4). The structure of 4 shows that the displacement of the methyl groups from the cyclopentadienyl ring planes, a useful indicator of steric crowding, is the largest ever observed in a (C5R5)3M complex. The reactivity of 4 is consistent with this structural indicator in that it engages in THF ring opening to form (C5Me4SiMe3)2UO[(CH2)4(C5Me4SiMe3)](THF).
The role of the soil seed and seedling bank in the regeneration of diverse plant communities in the subtropical Ailao Mountains, Southwest China
Authors: Li Xiaoshuang , Liu Wenyao , Tang Cindy Q. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe compared species composition and diversity of the soil seed and seedling banks in three secondary vegetation types (shrubland, Populus bonatii forest, Lithocarpus regrowth forest) and a primary old‐growth forest in the subtropical Ailao Mountains of southwestern China to clarify the importance of seed and seedling banks for forest dynamics. The average species richness was the highest in soil samples from the shrubland (26.80 ± 1.98), and the lowest from the primary forest (9.93 ± 0.50). The density of germinable tree seeds increased from the secondary vegetation to the primary forest, and the density of shrub, forb, and graminoid seeds decreased significantly. The most abundant seedlings recorded in soil samples were light‐demanding species in the shrubland and Populus bonatii forest. For ground flora, the number of shrub seedlings strongly decreased with the increase in stand age, and shade‐tolerant tree seedlings tended to increase. The species similarity between the seed bank and the aboveground vegetation in all sites was low (Sørensen's index = 0.11–0.33), however, the shrubland had higher similarity compared with the other three plant communities. In the primary forest, light‐demanding woody species dominated in soil seed banks, while shade‐tolerant species dominated in the overstory and the forest floor. In the primary forest, seedlings of dominant tree species were rare in the understory, and no seeds of the dominant species were found in the soil. Results indicated that the early stages of vegetation recovery should take into account the possibility of recovering soil seed bank processes. However, colonization and establishment of tree seedlings will be difficult once a primary forest is destroyed.
Searching for Poverty-aware Social Work: Discourse Analysis of Job Descriptions
Authors: KRUMER-NEVO MICHAL , WEISS-GAL IDIT , LEVIN LIA 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article aims to enrich the current limited body of knowledge regarding social work professional discourse. More specifically, it seeks to examine the extent and ways in which the social work intra-profession discourse, as it is manifested in formal job descriptions of social workers in Israel, reflects the commitment to working with people living in poverty and to confronting poverty. We provide a brief review of the concept of professional discourse and the role of formal job descriptions in this discourse in general, and in Israel in particular. ‘Poverty-aware social work’ is then conceptualised. Against this background, we analysed 75 job descriptions in order to ascertain whether, and in what ways, references to poverty appear in defining client populations, in directions for assessing their situation, and in defining the goals and methods of professional intervention. The research findings reflect a textual silence in relation to poverty issues in job descriptions. The analysis of poverty-related sub-topics in these documents suggests that job descriptions offer, and simultaneously reproduce a conservative and a-political perspective on poverty and on social work practice with people living in poverty.
Ten years of adaptive community-governed conservation: evaluating biodiversity protection and poverty alleviation in a West African hippopotamus reserve
Authors: SHEPPARD DONNA J. , MOEHRENSCHLAGER AXEL , MCPHERSON JANA M. , MASON JOHN J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYCommunity-based natural resource management has been accused of failing on social, economic or ecological grounds. Balanced assessments are rare, however, particularly in West Africa. This paper examines the first 10 years of Ghana's Wechiau Community Hippo Sanctuary using an evaluation framework that considers socioeconomic and ecological outcomes, as well as resilience mechanisms. Building upon traditional taboos against the killing of hippopotami, this initiative has attempted to conserve an imperilled large mammal, protect biodiversity and alleviate abject poverty amidst a bush meat crisis and complex ethnic diversity. Findings show that the Sanctuary has improved local livelihoods by spurring economic diversification and infrastructure development rates 2–8 times higher than in surrounding communities. Simultaneously, threats to biodiversity have subsided, hippopotamus numbers have remained stable and the Sanctuary's riparian habitats now harbour more bird species than comparable areas nearby. Improved social capital, true empowerment, an equitable distribution of benefits, ecological awareness among children and support for the Sanctuary, even amongst community members who were disadvantaged by its creation, speak to good long-term prospects. Risks remain, some of which are beyond the community's control, but evidence of socioecological resilience suggests that capacity exists to buffer risks and foster sustainability. Lessons learnt at Wechiau translate into recommendations for the planning, implementation and evaluation of future community-based conservation initiatives, including greater interdisciplinary integration and the use of adaptive co-management approaches.
Environmental Kuznets curves, carbon emissions, and public choice
Authors: LIPFORD JODY W. , YANDLE BRUCE 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTConcern about global climate change has elicited responses from governments around the world. These responses began with the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and have continued with other negotiations, including the 2009 Copenhagen Summit. These negotiations raised important questions about whether countries will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, if so, how the burden of emissions reductions will be shared. To investigate these questions, we utilize environmental Kuznets curves for carbon emissions for the G8 plus five main developing countries. Our findings raise doubts about the feasibility of reducing global carbon emissions and shed light on the different positions taken by countries on the distribution of emissions reductions.
Henry Ford's Dance Revival and Fiddle Contests: Myth and Reality
Authors: GIFFORD PAUL M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHenry Ford's interest in reviving the dances of his youth and publicizing old fiddlers was a major media phenomenon of the 1920s. The claims of one fiddler became the source of the often repeated, but erroneous, assertion that Ford sponsored a national fiddlers' contest, which in turn has become a part of country music lore. This article, based mostly on archival sources and newspapers, attempts to describe the particular musical and dance traditions that interested Ford, his personal activities and ambitions in this area, his motivations, and the larger popular interest in the subject itself.
The Role of Vocal Practice in Constructing Phonological Working Memory
Authors: Keren-Portnoy Tamar , Vihman Marilyn M. , DePaolis Rory A. , Whitaker Chris J. , Williams Nicola M. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeIn this study, the authors looked for effects of vocal practice on phonological working memory.MethodA longitudinal design was used, combining both naturalistic observations and a nonword repetition test. Fifteen 26-month-olds (12 of whom were followed from age 11 months) were administered a nonword test including real words, “standard” nonwords (identical for all children), and nonwords based on individual children’s production inventory (inandoutwords).ResultsA strong relationship was found between (a) length of experience with consonant production and (b) nonword repetition and between (a) differential experience with specific consonants through production and (b) performance on theinversusoutwords.ConclusionsPerformance depended on familiarity with words or their subunits and was strongest for real words, weaker forinwords, and weakest foroutwords. The results demonstrate the important role of speech production in the construction of phonological working memory.
Comprehension of Inferences in Discourse Processing by Adolescents With and Without Language Impairment
Authors: Karasinski Courtney , Ellis Weismer Susan 
Published: July 2010

Purpose
This study investigated inference construction within spoken narratives in adolescents with varying cognitive and language abilities, using W. Kintsch’s (1988) construction-integration model as a framework. The role of working memory in inference construction was examined along with language and nonverbal cognition.

Method
Participants were 527 eighth-grade students in 4 diagnostic groups: normal language (NL), low cognitive (LC), specific language impairment (SLI), and nonspecific language impariment (NLI). Participants answered premise and inference questions based on adjacent and distant information.

Results
Distant inferences were significantly more difficult than were adjacent inferences. When controlling for premise accuracy, the NL group performed significantly better than each of the other groups on distant inferences. The LC group demonstrated significantly higher accuracy on distant inferences than did the NLI group. Regression analyses revealed that performance on a verbal working memory measure predicted unique variance in distant inference accuracy beyond that accounted for by measures of language and nonverbal cognition.

Conclusions
Understanding implicit information, particularly when linking distant information, is difficult for adolescents who are deficient in language comprehension, verbal working memory skills, and/or general world knowledge.
Radicular cyst associated with a primary molar following pulp therapy: a case report
Authors: Takiguchi M. , Fujiwara T. , Sobue S. , Ooshima T. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.A radicular cyst arising from the primary second molar and causing displacement of the permanent successor to the lower border of the mandible, with accompanying buccal expansion, was examined clinically and radiographically. Extraction of the primary molar and extirpation of the cyst led to uneventful healing. The primary molar had received pulp treatment with therapeutic agents approximately 1·5 years prior to the patient’s first visit. The relationship between pulp treatment and rapid growth of the radicular cyst is discussed.
Marginal seal of sealant and compomer materials with and without enameloplasty
Authors: Salama F. S. , Al‐Hammad N. S. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Objectives. This in vitro study evaluated the quality of marginal seal and fissure penetration of a resin‐sealant (Concise) and a compomer restorative material (F2000) with and without enameloplasty.Sample and design. Thirty extracted sound human permanent third molar teeth were divided into six groups of five and used in this in vitro study.Methods. Occlusal surfaces of the teeth in different groups were either left intact or prepared using a #582 S diamond bur. Teeth were then restored with Concise and F2000 restorative materials using combinations of different surface treatments. Teeth were prepared for microleakage, then immersed in 5% methylene blue for 4 h, and subsequently sectioned into four bucco‐lingual sections. Sections (20 per group) were examined using a stereomicroscope. The following parameters were evaluated: marginal leakage, marginal gap, voids and filling defects, as well as enamel fissure penetration.Results. Kruskal–Wallis one‐way anova showed statistically significant differences between the groups for marginal leakage (P < 0·0001), marginal gap (P < 0·001), and enamel fissure penetration (P < 0·001). No statistically significant differences between the groups for voids and filling defects were detected. Non‐parametric Tukey’s multiple range test showed that microleakage of sealant with acid etch and tooth preparation and compomer with acid etch, bonding agent and tooth preparation were statistically significantly less than that of compomer with bonding agent and no tooth preparation (P < 0·0001) and compomer with bonding agent and tooth preparation (P < 0·01).Conclusions. Microleakage is similar when sealant with acid etching, and compomer with acid etching and bonding agent, are used with and without enameloplasty. Marginal gap is more evident in the compomer group with bonding agent and without enameloplasty. Enamel fissure penetration is better when enameloplasty and acid etching are used.
Validation of a Facial Image Scale to assess child dental anxiety
Authors: Buchanan H. , Niven N. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Objective. To examine the validity of a scale that uses faces as an indicator of children’s dental anxiety.Setting. Department of Child Dental Health waiting room, Newcastle Dental Hospital.Subjects and methods. 100 children (aged 3–18 years) completed the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and the Venham Picture Test (VPT) in the dental hospital waiting room.Results. A strong correlation (0·7) was found between the two scales, indicating good validity for the FIS. Findings also showed that a small, but significant, number of children are anxious in the dental context.Conclusion. The findings suggest that the FIS is a valid means of assessing child dental anxiety status in a clinical context.
Interaction between sotalol and an antacid preparation
Authors: Läer S. , Neumann J. , Scholz H. 
Published: July 2010

Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between sotalol and antacids, and its pharmacodynamic relevance. Methods In a randomized cross‐over design with three treatment groups, six healthy volunteers received orally either 160 mg of sotalol alone (phase 1), or 160 mg sotalol plus 20 ml of a suspension of an antacid (MAH; magnesium hydroxide (1200 mg) and aluminium oxide (1800 mg)) (phase 2) or 160 mg sotalol plus the antacid given 2 h after sotalol administration (phase 3). Heart rate and plasma sotalol concentrations were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after sotalol administration. Urinary sotalol excretion was measured for 24 h after sotalol application. Results Cmax of sotalol decreased from 1.22±0.22 mg l−1 (phase 1) to 0.89±0.29 mg l−1 (phase 2) and increased again to 1.27±0.18 mg l−1 in phase 3. A similar significant change was noted in AUC (15.6±2.75 mg l−1 , 12.3±3.04 mg h l−1 and 15.0±2.06 mg l−1 ) and in the amount of cumulative urinary excretion (79.2±11.1 mg, 72.1±11.2 mg and 80.6±7.9 mg), respectively. tmax and elimination half‐life (t1/2,z) of sotalol remained unchanged in the presence of MAH. After combined administration with MAH, the area under the heart rate curve of sotalol was reduced between 0 and 4 h when compared across treatments. Conclusions Combined administration of sotalol and MAH decreased the serum sotalol levels. The interaction can be avoided by a two hour interval between application of these drugs.
Dopamine natriuresis in salt‐repleted, water‐loaded humans: a dose‐response study
Authors: Olsen Niels Vidiendal , Olsen Michael Hecht , Bonde Jan , Kanstrup Inge‐Lis , Plum Inger , Strandgaard Svend , Leyssac Paul P. 
Published: July 2010

Aims
The purpose of the present study was to define the dose‐response relationship between exogenous dopamine and systemic haemodynamics, renal haemodynamics, and renal excretory function at infusion rates in the range 0 to 12.5 μg kg−1 min−1 in normal volunteers. Methods
While undergoing water diuresis, eight subjects were infused with 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, 10 or 12.5 μg of dopamine kg−1 min−1 over 2 h in a randomized and double‐blind fashion. On each study day, renal clearance studies were performed during a 1 h baseline period and subsequently during the second 1 h infusion period. Lithium clearance (CLLi ) was used to estimate proximal tubular outflow. Results
Cardiac output increased with the four highest doses. Mean arterial pressure followed a biphasic pattern with a decrease during the two lowest doses and a dose‐dependent increase from the 7.5 μg kg−1 min−1 dose onwards. Effective renal plasma flow increased with all doses of dopamine, but peaked with the 3 μg kg−1 min−1 infusion rate [
from 617 (585–649) ml min−1 with placebo to 915 (824–1006) ml min−1 (means with 95% CI, P<0.001)]. None of the doses changed glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Sodium clearance (CLNa ) and CLLi were elevated with the four lowest doses but increased further from 7.5 μg kg−1 min−1 onwards. Compared with placebo, the percentage increase in CLNa with increasing dose was 77 (5–159), 93 (13–172), 107 (24–190), 121 (60–181), 253 (65–441), 284 (74–494), and 212 (111–312) %, respectively. There were only small, inconsistent decreases in absolute proximal reabsorption rate (APR=GFR‐CLLi ). Fractional distal reabsorption of sodium (FDRNa=(CLLi‐CLNa )/CLLi ) decreased with all doses, reaching its nadir with 7.5 μg kg−1 min−1 [from 95.9 (94.6–97.2) % with placebo to 91.5 (90.0–93.0) % (P<0.01)] whereafter a flat dose‐response curve was observed. Conclusions
In conclusion, the renal vasodilating effect of dopamine was maximal with 3 μg kg−1 min−1. The dose‐dependent attenuation seen with higher doses is consistent with an increased α‐adrenergic stimulation opposing the effect on dopaminergic receptors. The present CLLi studies confirm that dopamine increases proximal tubular outflow. The results suggest that the natriuretic effect of depressor doses of dopamine was primarily caused by attenuation of the increase in distal sodium reabsorption normally seen after an increase in proximal tubular outflow. Pressor doses further increased sodium excretion, indicating the presence of pressure natriuresis at these high doses.
Effects of Ageing and Long‐Term Hormone Replacement on Cholinergic Neurones in the Medial Septum and Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis of Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Gibbs R. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOvariectomized aged rats, some of which received long‐term hormone replacement with oestrogen or oestrogen plus progesterone, were evaluated for the number and size of basal forebrain cholinergic neurones, as well as relative levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and trkA mRNA, in order to determine whether effects on basal forebrain cholinergic cell survival and function correspond with differences in cognitive performance previously described. The results show that ageing combined with long‐term loss of ovarian function produced substantial reductions in the levels of ChAT and trkA mRNA in the medial septum and nucleus basalis magnocellularis, relative to much younger ovariectomized controls. In contrast, no significant effects on the number or size of the cholinergic cells were detected, indicating that loss of ovarian function does not cause a loss of cholinergic neurones with age. Long‐term hormone replacement had no apparent effect on the number of ChAT‐positive neurones detected, and did not prevent the reductions in ChAT and trkA mRNA associated with ovariectomy and ageing. Collectively, the data suggest that ageing combined with long‐term loss of ovarian function has a severe negative impact on basal forebrain cholinergic function, but not on cholinergic cell survival per se.