bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Perfumed Life
Authors: Salomon Noah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues for the unique capacity of the field of religious studies to help reframe the conversation on the positive humanities. It contends that rather than simply surfacing alternative varieties of human flourishing that the social sciences have not yet considered, the study of religion has the potential to offer a far-reaching challenge to the eudaemonic agenda that such theories promote. Religious studies asks for an exploration of ways of life in which humans are decentered, for diverse ontologies in which the human must share the world with other beings, material and immaterial. Through recounting a pedagogical experiment that mined this potential in a religious studies classroom, this chapter argues for a humanities of unsettling. Such a humanities confronts seriously the causes of global despair by exploring choices that may not directly benefit people but that nevertheless, like diffused perfume, exude fragrant mists on their surrounding worlds.
Songs of Persuasion
Authors: Drummond Henry T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Cantigas are songs designed to persuade their listeners, both of Mary’s sacredness and of Alfonso X’s personal connection with her as a royal troubadour. Essential to making the Cantigas so persuasive is their construction, which is influenced by medieval principles of rhetoric. This chapter begins by laying out the importance of rhetoric in the later Middle Ages, from the reuse of Classical rhetorical theory to its later adaptation in the liberal arts education of courtly elites. Rhetoric is shown to have permeated through all aspects of medieval literacy, including the arts of letter writing (or ars dictaminis), poetry (ars poetriae), and preaching (ars praedicandi). Having set up this context, this chapter turns to the ways in which rhetoric determines the construction of the cantiga de miragre, comparing the ordering (or dispositio) of antique and medieval texts with the components that form the building blocks of Alfonsine song.
The Place of Rhyme
Authors: Drummond Henry T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter turns to the role rhyme plays in regulating the structure of the cantiga de miragre. First, this chapter considers the associations made throughout history between rhyme and memory. Rhyme is shown to have a unique power, one which allows a listener to recall prior knowledge, and this chapter argues that its use in the Cantigas helps to bridge the messy divide between song and text. One telling example emerges in CSM 202, a song that reflects both on rhyme’s value, and on the process of listening to and reckoning with rhymed poetry. Through its narrative—and through its own disordered structure—CSM 202 shows how song can communicate with its listeners and require their active participation. It is through the power of rhyme that such participation is encouraged, instigating an intellectual dialogue between a song narrative and the interpreter.
Liberty, Privacy, and the Pursuit of Happiness
Authors: Pozen David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews challenges to drug prohibition on libertarian grounds. Throughout the nineteenth century, courts held that the government could not ban personal possession or consumption of intoxicants like alcohol. This jurisprudence was dismantled in the 1910s to accommodate the first iteration of the war on drugs. In 1965, the Supreme Court’s decision in Griswold v. Connecticut opened the door to a new set of constitutional challenges, just as the issue of illicit drug use exploded into the national consciousness. Reformers secured high-profile rulings against marijuana prohibition in a trilogy of state supreme court cases: State v. Kantner in Hawaii, People v. Sinclair in Michigan, and Ravin v. State in Alaska. Few jurisdictions followed their lead, however. The courts’ reasoning in the marijuana cases would come to inform not only how the legal profession thinks about drugs and privacy but also how the judiciary approaches substantive liberty claims in general.
Defending San Pedro
Authors: Villarreal Ana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Urban wealthy increasingly concentrated within a defended San Pedro, heightening inequalities outside and within. The reluctance of San Pedro residents to go outside the defended city diminished opportunities for businesses and employment outside, while increasing opportunities for businesses and employment within. While not enwalled, the municipal border enwalled social relations within classed and raced social networks. Narratives of upper-class and upper-middle-class residents display deepened classism and racism, including heightened suspicion toward the working class in their homes and in parts of the metropolis they now avoided. The wealthy who relocated across the border into Texas regrouped as well, though they struggled to re-create the same privileged lives abroad, prompting some to return.
Restructuring Nightlife
Authors: Villarreal Ana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fear restructured Monterrey nightlife in a three-stage process of destruction, small-group dispersion, and class reconcentration. The turf war destroyed metropolitan nightlife downtown and led to a decrease in the number of large dances that brought marginalized youth together. All residents dispersed, preferring to party indoors, earlier in the day, and with those who lived nearby. Yet for the wealthy regrouping within San Pedro and relocating their partying practices closer to home, fear of leaving the defended city resulted in the expansion of nightlife options. The most privileged reported the new nightlife in San Pedro was “the same thing,” but it was the “same” only for them. As the wealthiest spatially concentrated themselves and their resources within tighter spaces, the most marginal were further scattered. Violence and fear widened and solidified unequal nightlives, stretching the distance between bars catering to wealthy and poor from a few blocks to separate cities.
Believing without Believing
Authors: Holland Timothy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The focus of the second chapter is Derrida’s assertion during his interview with Cahiers du cinéma that if he were to write about film, he would take up its “mode and system of belief.” To develop the contours of Derrida’s unwritten account of film, the chapter turns to his first appearance on film in Ken McMullen’s Ghost Dance (1983), specifically Derrida’s improvisation during a scene with the French actress Pascale Ogier, who plays the film’s main character. What follows is a line-by-line reading of Derrida’s filmed improvisation, which, this chapter suggests, converses with his unwritten or hypothetical cinema project, linking it to his various reflections on speech and autoaffection, psychoanalysis and the uncanny, ghosts and the teletechnoscientific, testimony and fiction, and faith and knowledge, among others.
Introduction
Authors: Sari Aurel , Regan Mitt 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to introduce the book and its broader context. In recent decades, great power rivalry has taken a turn towards more intense contestation below the threshold of armed conflict. International law remains highly relevant to this development, both because it serves as the principal normative framework within which geopolitical rivals compete against each other and because democratic nations and authoritarian regimes seek to shape the international legal system in ways that reflects their own strategic interests. As the chapter explains, the notions of hybrid threats and grey zone conflict offer a useful conceptual vantage point from which to assess the legal challenges posed by contemporary forms of geopolitical competition. The chapter offers an overview of these two notions, before setting out the general approach taken by the book, including the common themes running through the individual chapters, and providing a brief synopsis of each contribution.
Coercing Well
Authors: Pfaff C. Anthony 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The spread of cyber technologies and increasing global connectivity have enabled a range of coercive, if non-violent, measures by exposing new vulnerabilities. Targets for such attacks include critical infrastructure and services as well as publics subjected to information operations intended to undermine government legitimacy and paralyze decision-making. These means challenge current international norms because in some cases they do not seem to apply and in others they seem to proscribe an effective response. This chapter examines how the norms of an international order based on providing alternatives to escalation might evolve in response to coercive measures that threaten to make that order obsolete. To understand what norms should govern the grey zone, the chapter examines how the logic and grammar of grey zone activity shape the norms that govern it. Specifically, it looks at how international actors compete under conditions where escalation avoidance limits the measures they would rationally employ.
Probability
Authors: Chilton Adam , Rozema Kyle 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces an important prerequisite to understanding empirical methods: probability, which is a concept relevant in situations where there is uncertainty about whether an event will occur. It first covers how to calculate the probability of single and compound events occurring. It then goes on to describe Bayesian inference, which is a way of using available information to update our assessments of the likelihood that unobservable events have occurred. Finally, it describes the method of using computer simulations to estimate probabilities, which can be used to learn something about the world by repeating a process many times under a set of assumptions and a set of inputs.
Instrumental Variables
Authors: Chilton Adam , Rozema Kyle 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the instrumental variables research design. This method estimates the causal effects of an intervention by exploiting randomness in the world that influences whether someone is exposed to a phenomenon of interest. This chapter stresses how instrumental variables estimates can only be interpreted in terms of how the phenomenon of interest effects the outcome for the subjects who experienced the phenomenon of interest only because of the randomness. It then describes the four very demanding assumptions required for the method to produce causal estimates. Finally, it describes how the method should be used in practice, including by describing how the method typically works by a two-step process linking the randomness to the outcome and the common types of evidence that are presented to assess the assumptions.
The Empathy Box
Authors: Vallor Shannon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the impact of AI mirrors on human creative agency, empathy, and self-expression. AI mirrors’ power is double-edged. The chapter poses a choice between using AI to fuel our creativity as new tools for humane expression—or letting them disempower our creative agency, leaving us as curators and passive consumers of mechanical art “product.” It presents a choice between AI that aids us in overcoming the communication barriers that separate us—or AI as empathy substitutes that reduce our understanding of love and companionship to mechanical transactions of utility and convenience. The chapter explores how the commercial axis of AI mirrors today, tilted by the lack of regulatory guardrails toward human creative disempowerment and social alienation, is a consequence of policy, not destiny. The chapter ends by considering art’s unique power to break the patterns that shackle us to the past, reopening hope for our liberation and reinvention with AI.
A Practitioner’s Guide to Maturing Strategic Workforce Planning in Your Organization
Authors: Moore Tanya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Changing demographics, global tension, inflation, and the pace of technology advancements have resulted in all organizations working under unprecedented workforce circumstances. These pressures have made strategic workforce planning (SWP) a fundamentally critical component of successful business outcomes. At the same time, more than half of organizations struggle to execute even the most basic levels of workforce planning. This leaves most organizations struggling to start—or even knowing where to start. This chapter provides a practitioner’s guide to SWP, including why it is critical to business outcomes, the importance of skills in the planning process, how to get started and mature processes over time, organizational case studies, practitioner tips, and lessons learned.
The Roles of the States and the Interstate Compacts Clause
Authors: Siegel Neil S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 of The Collective-Action Constitution examines the states’ potential role in solving collective-action problems that arise for them by forming interstate compacts and other agreements. The chapter also explains, however, why the constitutional text (if not the Court’s doctrine to date) presumptively bars interstate compacts and requires congressional consent to overcome the presumption. Proposed compacts may undermine federal supremacy or harm sister states, and different groups of states may disagree about whether a compact solves or causes a collective-action problem. The Constitution does not compel one answer to such questions, which are also historically contingent and normative, not just scientific or technical. Rather, the Constitution assigns main responsibility for deciding them to Congress, where, as Chief Justice Marshall explained in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the interests of all states and people are represented. In addition to potentially raising normative concerns, interstate compacts are difficult to form. Many parties within a compacting state must approve, and compacts require unanimous agreement among the compacting states. Moreover, impediments to collective action tend to increase sharply with the number of states that must act together. In general, if the proposed compact must encompass many states to accomplish its purposes, free rider, holdout, and disagreement problems are likely to paralyze it. This is a lesson of early American history and subsequent experience, and it helps explain why, according to this book’s arithmetic, compacts usually involve few states and why only around two hundred exist today.
Living Ethics and Methods as Questions
Authors: Krystalli Roxani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ethical, methodological, and narrative dilemmas of researching the politics of victimhood. The discussion is deliberately organized around questions, as this is how research dilemmas are lived. These questions correspond to different phases of the research process, highlighting that ethical and methodological dilemmas pertain not only to the research design and fieldwork, but also to the processes of analysis and writing. Among the dilemmas are questions about where to direct the research gaze, where theory comes from, how to ground the inquiry in time and place, how to investigate victimhood without placing the narrative burden exclusively on people who suffered harm, and how to navigate the complicated expectations of loyalty among different interlocutors. The chapter illuminates that discussions of feminist research methods and ethics are inseparable from each other, from the findings of the research, and from the politics of victimhood.
Polanyi on Wall Street
Authors: Kus Basak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 sets the stage for the book’s analysis of the United States government’s role in regulating an economy increasingly dominated by financial activities and institutions. It situates the book within the existing literature on neoliberalism, financialization, and regulation. The chapter highlights the nature of neoliberal risk protection and mitigation, underscoring its shortcomings and thereby building a Polanyian account of disembeddedness in the age of finance. In doing so, the chapter also provides a framework for thinking about the financial crisis and post-crisis reforms. Overall, Chapter 1 positions the book within the broader academic discourse, highlighting its key findings and contributions.
Introduction
Authors: Boatright Robert G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many of those who study American politics argue that primary elections have contributed to political polarization, offering voters a choice between two flawed and ideologically extreme candidates. At the same time, primary elections appear to most Americans to be a far more democratic way of selecting party nominees than any other alternative process. This is not a new problem. Addressing this puzzle requires that we study the development of primaries after most American states had implemented them—a story about primaries from the late 1920s until the 1970s. This chapter explores the politics surrounding the introduction of primaries and explains why primary election reform receded from the public agenda in the decades following primaries’ introduction.
Reform or Retrenchment?
Authors: Boatright Robert G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter catalogs changes in primary laws between 1928 and 1970. It evaluates four theories about the reasons for changes in primary laws: the argument that the decline of Progressivism enabled political parties to reassert control over primary nominations; the claim that nonparty movements frightened state parties into adopting restrictive rules about primaries; the claim that many primary laws were poorly written and in need of change; and the claim that primary rules were changed as two-party competition increased after the 1930s. The quantitative analysis in this chapter shows that there is little evidence that there was a decline in the openness of primaries. It finds that the states that had been most likely to experiment with primaries in the early twentieth century continued to do so in later decades, and that these experiments were often driven by defects in existing laws or by changes in two-party competition.
On the Urgency of Kickstarting a Moral Revolution to Save Ourselves
Authors: Brownlee Kimberley 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores three assumptions one might make about the climate crisis. These are that: (1) as a species, human beings are worth saving; (2) it is possible to kickstart a moral revolution in treatment of the environment to save the human species and many other species; and (3) it is urgent that this moral revolution be kick-started now. The chapter shows just how contentious these three assumptions are by investigating the uncertainties that rumble beneath them, including agential imperfections, epistemic limitations, and scientific uncertainty about the scale, severity, and remediability of the climate crisis, all of which may compromise efforts to rapidly transform moral behaviours and sentiments in sound and productive ways.
Making Change
Authors: Anthony Appiah Kwame 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the arguments for the role of honor in moral revolutions, stressing the role of social movements with identities organized around their aims. Using the examples of anti-footbinding in China and the abolitionists in Great Britain, the chapter shows that a movement will be successful if it creates an identity, such as an abolitionist, through a shift in attitudes in society. Abolitionism encompassed a wide range of social classes, who were ashamed of the slave trade. The chapter proposes that a similar shift in attitudes in society may well occur, with regard to the urgent environmental climate crisis that the world is now facing. What may work, the historical evidence suggests, is the development of ‘green’ identities around a small set of relatively well-defined aims.
The Two Roles of Deliberation in Democracy
Authors: Pettit Philip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There are many reasons for giving deliberation a central part in democratic institutions. But in order to play its part effectively, deliberation must serve in two distinct roles. First, it must have such a presence across the society that it identifies considerations taken on all sides to be relevant in proposing policy and in selecting the procedures under which policy is made. And, second, it must figure as a core procedure for making policies that accord with those considerations. Those roles impose quite different demands, however, on the form that deliberation assumes. One requires people in informal settings to deliberate as individuals—to constitute a team of deliberators—while the other requires officials in decision-making centers to deliberate as groups: to constitute a deliberative team.
Taking Responsibility
Authors: Sliwa Paulina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
What is it to take responsibility for a moral failure? This chapter investigates taking responsibility for wrongdoing. It starts by considering a prominent view in the literature: that to take responsibility for a wrong is to blame oneself for it. Contrary to the self-blame account, it is argued that taking responsibility and self-blame can come apart in various ways. Instead, the normative footprint account is defended. It is suggested that wrongdoing changes the normative landscape in systematic ways: it can create duties to apologize, to acknowledge the wrong done, to make amends, to respond to the wronged party’s upset. To take responsibility for a wrong is to own the normative consequences of one’s wrong.
Looking and Seeing
Authors: Cornell Nicolas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In both law and moral life, we routinely hold other people accountable for failures of perception. It is tempting to cast such failures in terms of a breach of duty, as the law of negligence does. And yet such failures are often not straightforwardly a matter of choice. This problem leads theorists in various directions—skeptical, historical, inward-looking, and outward-looking—but none of them seem close to accounting in satisfactory ways for ordinary features of interpersonal life. After surveying these approaches, this chapter attempts to chart a different course, one that allows for a possible mismatch between one’s duties to one another and the complaints which one may have to answer. On this view, one may sometimes appropriately be called upon to answer for not seeing, even though one’s duty may simply be to look.
On Duty
Authors: Waldron Jeremy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter suggests an alternative way of understanding duty. Usually ‘duty’ is applied to some specific action strongly prescribed for an agent in some set of circumstances. In the alternative understanding proposed here, ‘duty’ is applied in the first instance to a relation between a person, P, and a situation, S. One talks of P’s duty when it is the responsibility of P to be alert to and, if need be, to do something about various possibilities inherent in S. One says: ‘S is P’s responsibility’ or—in the best-known phrasing—‘P has a duty of care in regard to S.’ The chapter explores this situational understanding to see what it tells us about the sort of thing a duty is: how it is structured, what counts as its determinate specification, and how it is related to cognate moral and legal ideas such as reason, ought, obligation, liability, and responsibility.