bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competitive Strategy for Open Source Software
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Gordon Brett R. , Srinivasan Kannan 
Published: December 2011

Commercial open source software (COSS) products—privately developed software based on publicly available source code—represent a rapidly growing, multibillion-dollar market. A unique aspect of competition in the COSS market is that many open source licenses require firms to make certain enhancements public, creating an incentive for firms to free ride on the contributions of others. This practice raises a number of puzzling issues. First, why should a firm further develop a product if competitors can freely appropriate these contributions? Second, how does a market based on free riding produce high-quality products? Third, from a public policy perspective, does the mandatory sharing of enhancements raise or lower consumer surplus and industry profits? We develop a two-sided model of competition between COSS firms to address these issues. Our model consists of (1) two firms competing in a vertically differentiated market, in which product quality is a mix of public and private components, and (2) a market for developers that firms hire after observing signals of their contributions to open source. We demonstrate that free-riding behavior is supported in equilibrium, that a mandatory sharing setting can result in high-quality products, and that free riding can actually increase profits and consumer surplus.
Eine Bibliothek im Wandel: Die neue kombinierte Hochschul-, Landes- und Stadtbibliothek Fulda
Authors: Riethmüller Marianne 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung
Mit der im Oktober 2011 in Betrieb genommenen Hochschul-, Landes- und Stadtbibliothek Fulda wurde ein in Deutschland bisher sehr seltenes Modellprojekt realisiert. Die Integration von drei sehr unterschiedlichen Bibliothekstypen in einem Haus ist in gewisser Weise Neuland. Beschrieben werden die planerischen und baulichen Überlegungen sowie die einzelnen notwendigen Schritte zur Umsetzung des Projektes.
Schreiben bis zum Morgengrauen. Kassels erste Lange Schreibnacht in der UB
Authors: Braun Salina 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die UB/LMB Kassel veranstaltete im Juli 2011 in Kooperation mit dem Servicecenter Lehre der Universität die erste Lange Schreibnacht in der Bibliothek. 355 Studierende nutzten die Gelegenheit, sich zu Beginn der vorlesungsfreien Zeit ihren Hausarbeiten zu widmen. Von 20 Uhr abends bis 8 Uhr morgens wurden ein umfassendes Begleitprogramm rund um das Thema wissenschaftliches Schreiben sowie weitere Aktivitäten angeboten. Den morgendlichen Abschluss stellte das gemeinsame Frühstück dar. Die Lange Schreibnacht war ein voller Erfolg. Sie wurde von den Studierenden dankbar angenommen, eine Wiederholung ist geplant.
Kallikrein-related peptidase signaling in colon carcinoma cells: targeting proteinase-activated receptors
Authors: Chung Hyunjae , Hamza Magda , Oikonomopoulou Katerina , Gratio Valérie , Saifeddine Mahmoud , Virca G. Duke , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Hollenberg Morley D. , Darmoul Dalila 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe hypothesized that kallikrein-related peptidase 14 (KLK14) is produced by colonic tumors and can promote tumorigenesis by activating proteinase-activated receptors (PARs). We found that KLK14 is expressed in human colon adenocarcinoma cells but not in adjacent cancer-free tissue; KLK14 mRNA, present in colon cancer, leads to KLK14 protein expression and secretion; and KLK14 signals viaPAR-2 in HT-29 cells to cause (1) receptor activation/internalization, (2) increases in intracellular calcium, (3) stimulation of ERK1/2/MAP kinase phosphorylation, and (4) cell proliferation. We suggest that KLK14, acting via PAR-2, represents an autocrine/paracrine regulator of colon tumorigenesis.
Dye selection for live cell imaging of intact siRNA
Authors: Hirsch Markus , Strand Dennis , Helm Mark 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Investigations into the fate of small interfering RNA (siRNA) after transfection may unravel new ways to improve RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency. Because intracellular degradation of RNA may prevent reliable observation of fluorescence-labeled siRNA, new tools for fluorescence microscopy are warranted to cover the considerable duration of the RNAi effect. Here, the characterization and application of new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) dye pairs for sensing the integrity of duplex siRNA is reported, which allows an assessment of the degradation status of an siRNA cell population by live cell imaging. A panel of high-yield fluorescent dyes has been investigated for their suitability as FRET pairs for the investigation of RNA inside the cell. Nine dyes in 13 FRET pairs were evaluated based on the performance in assays of photostability, cross-excitation, bleed-through, as well as on quantified changes of fluorescence as a consequence of, e.g., RNA strand hybridization and pH variation. The Atto488/Atto590 FRET pair has been applied to live cell imaging, and has revealed first aspects of unusual trafficking of intact siRNA. A time-lapse study showed highly dynamic movement of siRNA in large perinuclear structures. These and the resulting optimized FRET labeled siRNA are expected to have significant impact on future observations of labeled RNAs in living cells.
The hCG assay or pregnancy test
Authors: Cole Laurence A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis review examines human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or pregnancy tests from multiple perspectives. It first investigates the molecule hCG and shows that the term represents five independent molecules differing in carbohydrate and meric structure that share a common amino acid sequence. The review goes on to show that multiple degradation produces also the need to be tested for an hCG or pregnancy test to be optimally efficient. The review then carefully examines the literature showing the sensitivity and specificity of automated laboratory tests. Point-of-care pregnancy tests are then investigated along with over-the-counter pregnancy tests. Appropriate detection of hyperglycosylated hCG, nicked hCG, nicked hCG missing the β-subunit C-terminal peptide and nicked hyperglycosylated hCG is a limitation on all pregnancy tests. In the opinion of the author, just one automated laboratory test, the Siemen’s Immulite, one point-of-care test, the Beckman-Coulter Icon 25, and one brand of over-the-counter device, First Response, are suitable for early pregnancy detection and possibly other applications.
Low angle light scattering analysis: a novel quantitative method for functional characterization of human and murine platelet receptors
Authors: Mindukshev Igor , Gambaryan Stepan , Kehrer Linda , Schuetz Claudia , Kobsar Anna , Rukoyatkina Natalia , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Krivchenko Alexander , Watson Steve P. , Walter Ulrich , Geiger Joerg 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background: Determinations of platelet receptor functions are indispensable diagnostic indicators of cardiovascular and hemostatic diseases including hereditary and acquired receptor defects and receptor responses to drugs. However, presently available techniques for assessing platelet function have some disadvantages, such as low sensitivity and the requirement of large sample sizes and unphysiologically high agonist concentrations. Our goal was to develop and initially characterize a new technique designed to quantitatively analyze platelet receptor activation and platelet function on the basis of measuring changes in low angle light scattering.

Methods: We developed a novel technique based on low angle light scattering registering changes in light scattering at a range of different angles in platelet suspensions during activation.

Results: The method proved to be highly sensitive for simultaneous real time detection of changes in size and shape of platelets during activation. Unlike commonly-used methods, the light scattering method could detect platelet shape change and aggregation in response to nanomolar concentrations of extracellular nucleotides. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the advantages of the light scattering method make it a choice method for platelet receptor monitoring and for investigation of both murine and human platelets in disease models.

Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the suitability and superiority of this new low angle light scattering method for comprehensive analyses of platelet receptors and functions. This highly sensitive, quantitative, and online detection of essential physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological-response properties of human and mouse platelets is a significant improvement over conventional techniques.
Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies are associated with the absence of distant metastases in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer
Authors: Farahati Jamshid , Roggenbuck Dirk , Gilman Elena , Schütte Martin , Jagminaite Elena , Seyed Zakavi Rasoul , Löning Thomas , Heissen Eberhard 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) are reported to be associated with improved outcome among breast cancer patients. We evaluated the correlation between TPOab and diagnostic parameters among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.Three hundred and fourteen newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer, diagnosed and treated in Bethesda Essen between January 2002 and June 2006, were included in this study; 258 (82.2%) without TPOab (≤100 IU/mL) and 56 (17.8%) with TPOab (>100 IU/mL). Blood analysis was performed to measure serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA-15-3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and TPOab by radioimmunoassay. Data regarding age, tumor size, grading, TNM classification, receptor status, lymph node, and distant metastases were collected and analyzed from patient reports. Statistics were performed using Pearson’s χThere were no incidences of distant metastasis among 56 patients with TPOab, whereas 17 (6.6%) of 258 cases without TPOab displayed distant metastases (p=0.04). Logistic regression showed an inverse association of TPOab with CA-15-3 and CEA levels (p<0.001, respectively). Both groups, with and without TPOab, revealed no significant differences with respect to age, tumor size, grading, TNM classification, fT3, fT4, and receptor status. TPOab positive patients had higher TSH levels (2.55±3.58), compared to TPOab negative cases (1.20±1.15) (p<0.001).TPOab occurrence is associated with significantly lower frequency of distant metastases in breast cancer. TPOab level inversely correlates with the conventional tumor markers CA-15-3 and CEA.
Metabolic-based drug-drug interactions prediction, recent approaches for risk assessment along drug development
Authors: Boulenc Xavier , Barberan Olivier 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Prediction of in vivo drug-drug interactions (DDIs) from in vitro and in vivo data, also named in vitro in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), is of interest to scientists involved in the discovery and development of drugs. To avoid detrimental DDIs in humans, new drug candidates should be evaluated for their possible interaction with other drugs as soon as possible, not only as an inhibitor or inducer (perpetrator) but also as a substrate (victim). DDI risk assessment is addressed along the drug development program through an iterative process as the features of the new compound entity are revealed. Both in vitro and preclinical/clinical outcomes are taken into account to better understand the behavior of the developed compound and to refine DDI predictions. During the last decades, several equations have been proposed in the literature to predict DDIs, from a quantitative point of view, showing a substantial improvement in the ability to predict metabolism-based in vivo DDIs. Mechanistic and dynamic approaches have been proposed to predict the magnitude of metabolic-based DDIs. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current equations and methods, the pros and cons of each method, the required input data for each of them, as well as the mechanisms (i.e., reversible inhibition, mechanism-based inhibition, induction) underlying metabolic-based DDIs. In particular, this review outlines how the methods (static and dynamic) can be used in a complementary manner during drug development. The discussion of the limitations and advantages associated with the various approaches, as well as regulatory requirements in that field, can give the reader a helpful overview of this growing area.
Free group algebras in Malcev–Neumann skew fields of fractions
Authors: Sánchez Javier 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Let K be a skew field and

(
G
,
<
)

$(G,&lt;)$

be an ordered group. We show that
the skew field generated by the group ring

K
[
G
]

$K[G]$

inside the
Malcev–Neumann series ring

K
(
(
G
;
<
)
)

$K((G;&lt;))$

contains noncommutative free
group algebras.
Influence of specimen configuration on the measurement of the off-axis Young’s modulus of wood by vibration tests
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroshi 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
To determine the Young’s modulus of solid wood, longitudinal and flexural vibration methods are very effective because the Young’s modulus can be measured non-destructively. When the specimen has an off-axis angle, however, the specimen configuration has an influence on the measurement of Young’s modulus. Therefore, it is important to reveal the influence of specimen configuration on the measurement of off-axis Young’s modulus. In this research, the off-axis Young’s modulus of wood was obtained by conducting longitudinal and flexural vibration tests using specimens with various widths and performing a subsequent numerical analysis on the test data. The off-axis Young’s modulus was dependent on specimen configuration when the off-axis angle ranged from approximately 5° to 15° because the bending and torsional deformations in the longitudinal and flexural vibration tests, respectively, were significant in this range.
Phylogenetic analysis and discoloration characteristics of major molds inhabiting woods. Part 3. Genus Cladosporium
Authors: Lee Young Min , Jang Yeongseon , Kim Gyu-Hyeok , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The genus Cladosporium Link is one of the most well-known dark molds causing sapwood discoloration. Although the Cladosporium species are widespread in the world, little is known about the extent to which they stain wood. Twenty-eight isolates from seven different tree species in Korea were obtained and investigated in this study. Nine species, including three unknown Cladosporium species, were identified based on their genotypic characteristics. Cladosporium cladosporioides was the dominant species, followed by C. rectoides, C. perangustum, C. pseudocladosporioides, C. tenuissimum, and C. ramotenellum . Their discoloration ability was determined with sapwood blocks of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata). On both blocks, Cladosporium tenuissimum and C. cladosporioides showed the highest level of discoloration.
Effect of tibolone and its principal metabolites (3α- and 3β-hydroxy, 3α-sulfate, and 4-ene derivatives) on estrone sulfatase activity in normal and cancerous human breast tissue
Authors: Chetrite Gérard S. , Cortes-Prieto Joaquin , Pasqualini Jorge R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background: Tibolone (Org-OD14) is the active substance of Livial®, a synthetic steroid with the structure 7α,17α-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5(10)-en-20-yn-3-one, possessing weak tissue-specific estrogenic, progestogenic, and androgenic properties, used to treat menopausal complaints. After oral administration, tibolone is extensively metabolized into the 3α-(Org-4904) and 3β-(Org-30126) hydroxy derivatives with estrogenic properties, its 4-ene (Org-OM38) isomer with progestogenic/androgenic activities, and the 3α-sulfate (Org-34322) derivative, a major biologically inactive circulating form. We compared the dose response of tibolone and its metabolites on estrone sulfatase activity [conversion of estrone sulfate (E1S) to estrone (E1)] in normal and cancerous human breast tissues.

Materials and methods: Tissue minces were incubated with physiological concentrations of [3H]-E1S (5×10–9M) alone or in the presence of tibolone and its metabolites (concentration range: 5×10–7to 5×10–5M) for 4 h. Tritiated E1, estradiol (E2), and E1S were separated and evaluated quantitatively by thin-layer chromatography.

Results: The sulfatase activity was significantly higher in cancerous breast but strongly inhibited by tibolone and the different metabolites, whereas 3α- and 3β-hydroxy derivatives were the most potent inhibitors.

Conclusion: This very significant inhibitory effect of tibolone and its principal metabolites on the enzyme involved in E2biosynthesis in the human breast provides interesting perspectives to study the biological responses of these compounds in trials with breast cancer patients.
Is there a syndrome of bullying?
Authors: Srabstein Jorge , Piazza Thomas 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Objective: We investigated the existence of a psychosomatic disorder associated with bullying by delineating its health and safety and correlates, and defining the demographic characteristics of the USA adolescents affected by this condition.
Methods: This study was based on an analysis of USA data from the 1996 World Health Organization Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey. The survey provides nationally-representative, cross-sectional survey information on 9938 USA students in Grades 6–10. We examined those students who were involved in bullying as a victim and/or as a bully, with or without a self-reported cluster of depression, “bad mood”, “feeling low”, “feeling nervous” and sleeping difficulties, and one or more physical symptoms (headaches, stomach aches, back aches, dizziness).
Results: A cluster of physical and emotional symptoms linked to their participation in bullying as bullies and/or victims was reported by 9.5% of adolescents, with a higher frequency of 8th Grade students and a predominance of females. These students were 8.14 times more likely to hurt themselves on purpose and 4.20 times more likely to hurt others purposely than their peers who were not involved in bullying and did not suffer from a cluster of physical and emotional symptoms.
Conclusions: This study may elicit further examination and debate about the existence of a nosological entity linked to bullying. Pending further research, the present results should support the need to ascertain participation in bullying, as a bully and/or as a victim, in all pediatric visits. Furthermore, there is a need to enquire about symptoms and risks related to this form of abuse.
Rough ends of infinite primitive permutation groups
Authors: Smith Simon M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.
If is a group of permutations of a set , then the suborbits of are the orbits of point-stabilizers acting on . The cardinalities of these suborbits are the subdegrees of . Every infinite primitive permutation group with finite subdegrees acts faithfully as a group of automorphisms of a locally-finite connected vertex-primitive directed graph with vertex set , and there is consequently a natural action of on the ends of .
We show that if is closed in the permutation topology of pointwise convergence, then the structure of is determined by the length of any orbit of acting on the ends of .
Examining the ends of a Cayley graph of a finitely-generated group to determine the structure of the group is often fruitful. B. Krön and R. G. Möller have recently generalised the Cayley graph to
what they call a rough Cayley graph, and they call the ends of this graph the rough ends of the group.
It transpires that the ends of are the rough ends of , and so our result is equivalent to saying that the structure of a closed primitive group whose subdegrees are all finite is determined by the length of any orbit of on its rough ends.
Interfacial behavior between particle and matrix in a composite rubber material
Authors: Trentadue Bartolomeo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractElectronic holography moiré is applied to the measurement of interfacial deformation field between an embedded particle and its surrounding matrix in a non-homogeneous rubber material. A tensile specimen is subjected to creep loading. The loads are applied in steps and measurements are carried out at equal intervals of time. The final output is provided by the Holo-Moiré Strain Analyzer and gives the principal strains and their directions in the region of observation. A definition of adhesion as an experimental measurable quantity through the evaluation of contour integrals is introduced.
Das Übersetzen im Zeichen der Globalisierung: Dialog der Kulturen und die Entstehung einer transnationalen Zivilgesellschaft, am Beispiel der politischen Essays von Arundhati Roy in deutscher Übersetzung
Authors: Harshvardhan Chitra 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article addresses the issue of the relevance of translating the political essays of Arundhati Roy into German within the framework of a globalized world and engages with the strategies and techniques of translation applied by the translators concerned. It also seeks to assess the degree of success achieved in translating the articles.Roy's political essays, dealt with in this article, are located within a deterritorialised concept of cosmopolitanism as defined by the German sociologist Ulrich Beck. Beck's concept of "risk society" also underpins the argument for the emergence of a transnational civil society advocating the shared values of equality, social justice, diversity, empowerment of the grass-roots, democratic participation in decision-making and pacificity, transcending narrow national boundaries, interests and identities. The adhesive binding the risk society is a potential fear of eventual destruction or future crisis emerging from the unintended fall-out of man-made activities and of technology. It is argued that the cohesion of activist-oriented transnational civil society is predicated on potential fear of a future crisis such as that of an impending nuclear war or environmental disaster or terrorism. Against this background, it is contended that the political essays of Arundhati Roy serve to consolidate and contribute to the solidarity of transnational civil society. The translation of the essays, therefore, both widens and deepens transnational civil society – this is possible through the use of glocalisation both in the original and in translation, resulting in a possible intercultural dialogue, creating a common database of shared memory across the global community.The article engages with the polemical style of the original and examines the manner in which this is reproduced in translation. It is further asserted that the use of generalization in the choice of words or phrases in translation tends to mute in translation the rather sharp criticism expressed in the original.
Bild-Text-Beziehungen beim Filmübersetzen
Authors: Mälzer-Semlinger Nathalie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBy analysing some scenes of translated (dubbed and subtitled) feature films, I want to show what kind of relationships we find between the text and images and how important it is for the translator to respect them in order to provide an appropriate translation. In a second step, I will show that many translation errors are not so much due to the translator, but to the complex translation processes of dubbing and subtitling, where the persons involved are not always aware of the incoherences produced by a translation that does not sufficiently take into account the relationships between the text and images.