bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in affinity of arylstilbazolium derivatives to tetraplex structures
Authors: Czerwinska Izabella , Juskowiak Bernard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractResearch into the interactions of small molecules (ligands) with DNA is a very important field of biochemistry. A ligand interacts with a DNA structure in many ways, depending on the structural features of the ligand (the presence of rings, substituent groups, length of bonds, etc.) or nucleic acid (number and association of strands, base sequence etc.). This study reports on an investigation of the preferential binding of arylstilbazolium ligands to a four-stranded DNA. For this purpose, an equilibrium dialysis was used. Equilibrium dialysis is a versatile method which enables many DNA structures to be investigated at the same time. A dozen different DNA structures of (single-stranded, double-stranded (duplex), triple-stranded (triplex), and four-stranded (tetraplex)) were involved in experiments with each ligand. Following the dissociation of DNA-ligand complexes by SDS, the concentration of the ligand bound was calculated from fluorescence and absorbance calibration curves. As a result, the amount of the ligand bound was directly related to the ligand-binding affinity. Equilibrium dialysis was used as a powerful tool to indicate which of the arylstilbazolium ligands investigated was the best therapeutic agent targeting G-quadruplex. Arylstilbazolium derivatives demonstrated strong interactions with the DNA samples used in the assay. The most interesting finding was a selective, preferential binding of anthryl derivative to c-MYC DNA (c-MYC is a DNA sequence that appears in an oncogene). Furthermore, as this derivative binds preferentially to one of the triplexes investigated, it can find an application in the TFO-triplex forming oligonucleotides which are used in gene therapy.
Comparative study of a barbed suture, poliglecaprone and stapler in Pfannenstiel incisions performed for benign gynecological procedures: a randomized trial
Authors: Naki Mehmet Murat , Api Olus , Acioglu Hasniye Celik , Ozkan Sadullah , Kars Bulent , Unal Orhan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective. To compare a novel barbed suture, poliglecaprone‐25 suture and stapler in Pfannenstiel incisions performed for benign gynecological procedures. Design. A randomized controlled non‐inferiority trial with randomization in a 1:1:1 ratio. Setting. Istanbul Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Research and Training Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Population. Patients between 18 and 45 years of age without prior lower abdominal incision and undergoing Pfannenstiel incisions for benign gynecological procedures. Methods. A total of 117 female patients randomized into barbed (n = 39), poliglecaprone‐25 (n = 39) and stapler (n = 39) groups according to suture type. Skin closure techniques were compared in terms of length of incision (cm), adverse events (wound dehiscence, incisional infection, seroma and hematoma), subjective pain scores, patient satisfaction and postoperative scar cosmesis. Main outcome measures. The difference between three suture materials in terms of postoperative incision pain, patient satisfaction and scar cosmesis. Results. Skin closure techniques were similar in terms of length of incision (cm), adverse events and pain scores and Modified Hollander Cosmesis Score. Barbed (p < 0.001) and poliglecaprone‐25 (p < 0.01) sutures were significantly better than staplers in terms of patient satisfaction. Conclusion. The three different methods of skin closure revealed comparable outcome except for a significant superiority of sutures to the stapler method in terms of patient satisfaction scores.
Acclimation Improves Short-Term Survival of Hatchery Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in Water From Saline, Alkaline Walker Lake, Nevada
Authors: Bigelow John P. , Rauw Wendy M. , Gomez-Raya Luis 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe investigated the effectiveness of two acclimation protocols for 8-month-old Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi, reared at Lahontan National Fish Hatchery in terms of survival during a week-long challenge in water from saline, alkaline Walker Lake, Nevada. Fish were acclimated for 0 (control), 3, and 8 d by increasing the ratio of lake water to hatchery water. For the 3-d acclimation treatment, 50% of the tank water was replaced with lake water each day. For the 8-d treatment, 33% of the water was replaced with lake water on the first through fourth day of acclimation. Survival during acclimation (i.e., prior to the challenge) was lowest for fish acclimated 3 d. Median survival time during the lake water challenge was 8 h for unacclimated fish, and 8 and 12 h for fish surviving the 3- and 8-d acclimation treatments, respectively. No fish survived the entire week-long challenge. Compared with no acclimation, 3- and 8-d acclimation decreased the hazard of mortality during the challenge. Increased fork length also reduced the hazard of death. Our results indicate acceptable survival rates cannot be achieved for subyearling, hatchery-reared Lahontan cutthroat trout stocked in Walker Lake without acclimation or with the acclimation methods employed in this study. Our results indicate that the acclimation method might be improved by the use of longer fish, longer acclimation, and better control of water temperature, ammonia concentration, and alkalinity.
Gold Nanocages: A Novel Class of Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Yang Miaoxin , Zhang Qiang , Cho Eun Chul , Cobley Claire M. , Kim Chulhong , Glaus Charles , Wang Lihong V. , Welch Michael J. , Xia Younan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGold nanocages represent a novel class of nanostructures, well‐suited for biomedical applications. They can be readily prepared via the galvanic replacement reaction between silver nanocubes and chloroauric acid. Their optical resonance peaks can be easily and precisely tuned to the near‐infrared region from 650–900 nm, the transparent window for blood and soft tissue. Furthermore, their surface can be conveniently conjugated with various ligands for targeting cancer. In this feature article, we highlight recent advances in the large‐scale synthesis of gold nanocages and their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically, we have scaled up the production of gold nanocages for in vivo studies and evaluated their tumor targeting capabilities. We have also demonstrated their use as contrast agents for photoacoustic tumor imaging and the mapping of sentinel lymph node, as photothermal transducers for cancer treatment, and as smart carriers for controlled release with a near‐infrared laser.
Enzymnachbildungen auf der Basis supramolekularer Koordinationschemie
Authors: Wiester Michael J. , Ulmann Pirmin A. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn der aktuellen supramolekularen Koordinationschemie können makromolekulare Komplexe mit Enzymeigenschaften synthetisiert werden. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt solche Strukturen, die nicht in erster Linie die aktiven Zentren von Enzymen nachbilden sollen, sondern von deren Eigenschaften und Funktionen inspiriert sind. Die Komplexe werden in konvergenter Weise mit modularen Methoden in hohen Ausbeuten synthetisiert, wobei ihre Größe, Form und Eigenschaften maßgeschneidert werden können. Viele der Strukturen zeigen eine Reaktivität und Spezifität, die an natürliche Systeme erinnern, und manche haben Funktionen, die über jene ihrer Vorbilder hinausgehen.
Reductive Dehydroxylation of Allyl Alcohols by IspH Protein
Authors: Gräwert Tobias , Span Ingrid , Bacher Adelbert , Groll Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe biosynthesis of natural products is a treasure trove of unusual reaction mechanisms. This Minireview summarizes recent work on the structure and mechanism of IspH protein, which catalyzes the reductive dehydroxylation of an allyl alcohol in a biosynthetic pathway leading to isoprenoid precursors.
Climate Change and Atmospheric Chemistry: How Will the Stratospheric Ozone Layer Develop?
Authors: Dameris Martin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica in 1985 was a surprise for science. For a few years the reasons of the ozone hole was speculated about. Soon it was obvious that predominant meteorological conditions led to a specific situation developing in this part of the atmosphere: Very low temperatures initiate chemical processes that at the end cause extreme ozone depletion at altitudes of between about 15 and 30 km. So‐called polar stratospheric clouds play a key role. Such clouds develop at temperatures below about 195 K. Heterogeneous chemical reactions on cloud particles initiate the destruction of ozone molecules. The future evolution of the ozone layer will not only depend on the further development of concentrations of ozone‐depleting substances, but also significantly on climate change.
Supramolecular Porphyrin–DABCO Array in Single‐ and Double‐Stranded Polynorbornenes
Authors: Wang Hsien‐Wen , Chen Chih‐Hsien , Lim Tsong‐Shin , Huang Shou‐Ling , Luh Tien‐Yau 
Published: October 2010

AbstractZinc–porphyrin‐appended norbornene derivative 6, the corresponding dimer 7, coherently aligned single‐stranded polynorbornene 5, and zinc–porphyrin‐linked double‐stranded polymeric ladderphane 3 have been used for complexation with 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) to generate an array of porphyrin–DABCO supramolecular scaffolds. The stoichiometries of the complex formation are analyzed in detail by 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as absorption and emission spectroscopic methods. Bidentate ligand DABCO is found to form with 7, 5, and 3 to give 2‐to‐1 porphyrin–DABCO sandwich structures. Monomer 6, on the other hand, forms a 2‐to‐1 porphyrin–DABCO sandwich structure at high concentration (20 mM), but a 1‐to‐1 porphyrin–DABCO complex at low concentration (10−6 M). Time‐resolved fluorescence decays revealed a similar behavior for the 2‐to‐1 porphyrin–DABCO sandwich structures that are formed from 3, 5, and 7.
Review of open and minimal access approaches to oesophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Safranek P M , Cubitt J , Booth M I , Dehn T C B 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive approaches to oesophagectomy are being used increasingly, but there remain concerns regarding safety and oncological acceptability. This study reviewed the outcomes of totally minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO; 41 patients), hybrid procedures (partially minimally invasive; 34) and open oesophagectomy (46) for oesophageal cancer from a single unit.

Methods
Demographic and clinical data were entered into a prospective database. MIO was thoracoscopic–laparoscopic–cervical anastomosis, hybrid surgery was thoracoscopic–laparotomy or laparoscopic gastric mobilization–thoracotomy, and open resections were left thoracoabdominal (LTA), Ivor Lewis (IL) or transhiatal oesophagectomy (THO).

Results
There were 118 resections for carcinoma (23 squamous cell carcinoma, 95 adenocarcinoma) and three for high-grade dysplasia. MIO took longer than open surgery (median 6·5 h versus 4·8 h for THO, 4·7 h for IL and LTA). MIO required less epidural time (P &lt; 0·001 versus IL and LTA, P = 0·009 versus thorascopic hybrid, P = 0·014 versus laparoscopic IL). Despite a shorter duration of single-lung ventilation with MIO compared with IL and LTA (median 90 versus 150 min; P = 0·013), respiratory complication rates and duration of hospital stay were similar. There were seven anastomotic leaks after MIO, four after hybrid procedures and one following open surgery. Mortality rates were 2, 6 and 2 per cent respectively. Lymph node harvests were similar between all groups, as were rates of complete (R0) resection in patients with locally advanced tumours.

Conclusion
MIO is technically feasible. It does not reduce pulmonary complications or length of stay. Oncological outcomes appear equivalent.
Cost-effectiveness of traditional and endovenous treatments for varicose veins
Authors: Gohel M S , Epstein D M , Davies A H 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of traditional and endovenous treatments for patients with primary great saphenous varicose veins.

Methods
A Markov model was constructed to compare costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux. Eight popular treatment strategies were compared up to 5 years. Estimates for the effectiveness of treatments were obtained from published randomized studies and cost values were obtained from published National Health Service (NHS) healthcare resource group tariffs and device manufacturers. Parameter uncertainty was tested using sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation.

Results
Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) had the lowest initial cost, but a higher requirement for further interventions. Day-case surgery (with concomitant treatment of varicosities), endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) performed in an outpatient or office setting (with staged treatment of varicosities) were likely to be cost-effective treatment strategies. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for UGFS (versus conservative care), EVLA (versus UGFS) and RFA (versus EVLA) were £1366, £5799 and £17 350 per QALY respectively. The ICER for traditional surgery (performed on a day-case basis) was £19 012 compared with RFA. Other strategies were not cost-effective using the NHS threshold of £20 000 per QALY.

Conclusion
Day-case surgery or endovenous ablation using EVLA or RFA performed as an outpatient are likely to be cost-effective treatment strategies for patients with primary unilateral GSV reflux requiring treatment.
The strategic leadership of complex practice: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Morrison Tony 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper addresses the issue of how strategic‐level partnerships, such as Local Safeguarding Children Boards, know about and learn from practice. The death of Baby Peter in Haringey exposed the dangers of reliance on numerical performance data alone to inform leaders about the true state of practice. The drivers for, and impact of, regulatory, media and political pressures on front‐line practice and partnership behaviour are discussed with reference to the rise of organisational risk management and ‘rule‐based’ responses (Munro, 2009). These are exacerbated by an overload of negative data about child protection systems which results in contagious ‘attention cascades’ which lead to over‐simplification of complex issues and the rush to quick‐fix solutions. This results in compliance‐based responses designed to avoid ‘blame’, based on individualistic analyses of complex situations. Under these conditions, ‘learning’, such as from serious case reviews, can become regressive (how to avoid future culpability) rather than progressive (how to improve knowledge skills and practice). It is argued that understanding and improving practice require strategic partnerships to have engaged with front‐line staff in order to access practice narratives as well as performance numbers, and to achieve an accurate and systemic analysis of the state of practice and how it can be improved. This calls for collective forms of knowing and reflecting and the paper concludes by describing examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FtsK DNA Translocase: The Fast Motor That Knows Where It's Going
Authors: Crozat Estelle , Grainge Ian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFtsK is a double‐stranded DNA translocase, a motor that converts the chemical energy of binding and hydrolysing ATP into movement of a DNA substrate. It moves DNA at an amazing rate—>5000 bp per second—and is powerful enough to remove other proteins from the DNA. In bacteria it is localised to the site of cell division, the septum, where it functions as a DNA pump at the late stages of the cell cycle, to expedite cytokinesis and chromosome segregation. The N terminus of the protein is involved in the cell‐cycle‐specific localisation and assembly of the cell‐division machinery, whereas the C terminus forms the motor. The motor portion of FtsK has been studied by a combination of biochemistry, genetics, X‐ray crystallography and single‐molecule mechanical assays, and these will be the focus here. The motor can be divided into three subdomains: α, β and γ. The α and β domains multimerise to produce a hexameric ring with a central channel for dsDNA, and contain a RecA‐like nucleotide‐binding/hydrolysis fold. The motor is given directionality by the regulatory γ domain, which binds to polarised chromosomal sequences—5′‐GGGNAGGG‐3′, known as KOPS—to ensure that the motor is loaded onto DNA in a specific orientation such that subsequent translocation is always towards the region of the chromosome where replication usually terminates (the terminus), and specifically to the 28 bp dif site, located in this region. Once the FtsK translocase has located the dif site it then interacts with the XerCD site‐specific recombinases to activate recombination.
Tuning the HOMO Energy Levels of Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Br−/Br3− Electrolytes
Authors: Teng Chao , Yang Xichuan , Li Shifeng , Cheng Ming , Hagfeldt Anders , Wu Li‐zhu , Sun Licheng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of novel metal‐free organic dyes TC301–TC310 with relatively high HOMO levels were synthesized and applied in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) based on electrolytes that contain Br−/Br3− and I−/I3−. The effects of additive Li+ ions and the HOMO levels of the dyes have an important influence on properties of the dyes and performance of DSCs. The addition of Li+ ions in electrolytes can broaden the absorption spectra of the dyes on TiO2 films and shift both the LUMO levels of the dyes and the conduction band of TiO2, thus leading to the increase of Jsc and the decrease of Voc. Upon using Br−/Br3− instead of I−/I3−, a large increase of Voc is attributed to the enlarged energy difference between the redox potentials of electrolyte and the Fermi level of TiO2, as well as the suppressed electron recombination. Incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) action spectra, electrochemical impedance spectra, and nanosecond laser transient absorption reveal that both the electron collection yields and the dye regeneration yields (Φr) depend on the potential difference (the driving forces) between the oxidized dyes and the Br−/Br3− redox couple. For the dyes for which the HOMO levels are more positive than the redox potential of Br−/Br3− sufficient driving forces lead to the longer effective electron‐diffusion lengths and almost the same efficient dye regenerations, whereas for the dyes for which the HOMO levels are similar to the redox potential of Br−/Br3−, insufficient driving forces lead to shorter effective electron‐diffusion lengths and inefficient dye regenerations.
Electron Attachment to a Hydrated DNA Duplex: The Dinucleoside Phosphate Deoxyguanylyl‐3′,5′‐Deoxycytidine
Authors: Gu Jiande , Wong Ning‐Bew , Xie Yaoming , Schaefer F. Henry 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe minimal essential section of DNA helices, the dinucleoside phosphate deoxyguanylyl‐3′,5′‐deoxycytidine dimer octahydrate, [dGpdC]2, has been constructed, fully optimized, and analyzed by using quantum chemical methods at the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) level of theory. Study of the electrons attached to [dGpdC]2 reveals that DNA double strands are capable of capturing low‐energy electrons and forming electronically stable radical anions. The relatively large vertical electron affinity (VEA) predicted for [dGpdC]2 (0.38 eV) indicates that the cytosine bases are good electron captors in DNA double strands. The structure, charge distribution, and molecular orbital analysis for the fully optimized radical anion [dGpdC]2.− suggest that the extra electron tends to be redistributed to one of the cytosine base moieties, in an electronically stable structure (with adiabatic electron affinity (AEA) 1.14 eV and vertical detachment energy (VDE) 2.20 eV). The structural features of the optimized radical anion [dGpdC]2.− also suggest the probability of interstrand proton transfer. The interstrand proton transfer leads to a distonic radical anion [d(G−H)pdC: d(C+H)pdG].−, which contains one deprotonated guanine anion and one protonated cytosine radical. This distonic radical anion is predicted to be more stable than [dGpdC]2.−. Therefore, experimental evidence for electron attachment to the DNA double helices should be related to [d(G−H)pdC:d(C+H)pdG].− complexes, for which the VDE might be as high as 2.7 eV (in dry conditions) to 3.3 eV (in fully hydrated conditions). Effects of the polarizable medium have been found to be important for increasing the electron capture ability of the dGpdC dimer. The ultimate AEA value for cytosine in DNA duplexes is predicted to be 2.03 eV in aqueous solution.
Syntheses and Photochromic Studies of Dithienylethene‐Containing Imidazolium Derivatives and Their Reactivity towards Nucleophiles
Authors: Duan Gongping , Zhu Nianyong , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of dithienylethene‐containing imidazolium salts with various substituents on the 2‐position of the imidazolium ring has been synthesized. The photochromic properties of these compounds have been studied, and the closed forms are found to be solvatochromic due to the donor–acceptor interaction with the solvent molecules. The closed form of the imidazolium salt shows a much higher affinity towards nucleophiles over the open form of the salt. A reaction pathway has been proposed to account for this reactivity difference based on the structure–property relationship, and the possible structure of the reaction product is discussed.
The effects of document language quality on consumer perceptions and intentions
Authors: Pedraz‐Delhaes Arancha , Aljukhadar Muhammad , Sénécal Sylvain 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article establishes a link between language quality in the documentation accompanying a product and consumers' evaluations of, and behavioural intentions towards, both the product and the manufacturer. In a laboratory experiment, 116 participants assembled a product using assembly guides with different language quality levels. Results show that language quality affects document evaluation, which spills over to the evaluations of both the product and the manufacturer. Findings also indicate that the documentation accompanying a product is a vital extrinsic cue used by consumers to evaluate both the product and the manufacturer, which implies that these documents are secondary products that add value to the primary product. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The experiential aspects of online search information for new customers to a website
Authors: Simon Françoise 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn experiential construct was developed and applied to an online information search context involving new customers of a commercial website. The construct reflects daydreaming, enjoyment, and immersion. Our results show: (a) the online consumption experience has significant influence on attitude toward the website and intention to revisit, (b) enduring involvement and rational engagement have positive effects on daydreaming and enjoyment, (c) Internet search skill has no association with enjoyment or immersion. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.