bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking flux network measurements to continental scale simulations: ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange capacity under non‐water‐stressed conditions
Authors: OWEN KATHERINE E. , TENHUNEN JOHN , REICHSTEIN MARKUS , WANG QUAN , FALGE EVA , GEYER RALF , XIAO XIANGMING , STOY PAUL , AMMANN CHRISTOF , ARAIN ALTAF , AUBINET MARC , AURELA MIKA , BERNHOFER CHRISTIAN , CHOJNICKI BOGDAN H. , GRANIER ANDRÉ , GRUENWALD THOMAS , HADLEY JULIAN , HEINESCH BERNARD , HOLLINGER DAVID , KNOHL ALEXANDER , KUTSCH WERNER , LOHILA ANNALEA , MEYERS TILDEN , MOORS EDDY , MOUREAUX CHRISTINE , PILEGAARD KIM , SAIGUSA NOBUKO , VERMA SHASHI , VESALA TIMO , VOGEL CHRIS 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper examines long‐term eddy covariance data from 18 European and 17 North American and Asian forest, wetland, tundra, grassland, and cropland sites under non‐water‐stressed conditions with an empirical rectangular hyperbolic light response model and a single layer two light‐class carboxylase‐based model. Relationships according to ecosystem functional type are demonstrated between empirical and physiological parameters, suggesting linkages between easily estimated parameters and those with greater potential for process interpretation. Relatively sparse documentation of leaf area index dynamics at flux tower sites is found to be a major difficulty in model inversion and flux interpretation. Therefore, a simplification of the physiological model is carried out for a subset of European network sites with extensive ancillary data. The results from these selected sites are used to derive a new parameter and means for comparing empirical and physiologically based methods across all sites, regardless of ancillary data. The results from the European analysis are then compared with results from the other Northern Hemisphere sites and similar relationships for the simplified process‐based parameter were found to hold for European, North American, and Asian temperate and boreal climate zones. This parameter is useful for bridging between flux network observations and continental scale spatial simulations of vegetation/atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange.
Safer sex decision‐making among men with haemophilia and HIV and their female partners
Authors: Parish K. L. , Cotton D. , Huszti H. C. , Parsons J. T. ,   THE HEMOPHILIA BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION EVALUATION GROUP
Published: September 2010

An exploratory qualitative study of adult heterosexual men with haemophilia and HIV and women who were their sexual partners was conducted as formative research to better understand cognitive factors involved in behavioural intentions and practices which comprise HIV risk‐reduction for sexual transmission. The study sought to generate hypotheses, uncover themes, and develop a broad perspective on possible determinants of behaviours related to HIV transmission risk reduction. Qualitative analysis of these data served as a basis for developing a subsequent quantitative, hypothesis‐testing survey and an intervention.Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 23 single men and 28 married men with haemophilia and HIV infection, and 28 married women partners selected through stratified, purposeful sampling. The interviews identified beliefs, attitudes, and values underlying decisions regarding target behaviours related to preventing sexual transmission of HIV, including (1) using condoms consistently during vaginal intercourse and (2) talking to partners about risk reduction. The interviews elicited information about perceived advantages and disadvantages of performing each of the targeted behaviours, and factors that facilitate or prevent performing them.Qualitative analysis of coded responses yielded important themes regarding how choices are made about sexual activity and safer sex. Most notably, communication between partners (1) plays a direct, key role in facilitating condom use and (2) forms the basis for maintaining emotional intimacy in these relationships. The link between condom use and communicating about safer sex was viewed as pivotal in achieving HIV prevention for individuals in serodiscordant couples. Recommendations for risk reduction intervention development are discussed.
Quantitative determination of the diagnostic accuracy of the synovitis score and its components
Authors: Slansky Elisabeth , Li Jialiang , Häupl Thomas , Morawietz Lars , Krenn Veit , Pessler Frank 
Published: September 2010

Slansky E, Li J, Häupl T, Morawietz L, Krenn V & Pessler F (2010) Histopathology 57, 436–443 Quantitative determination of the diagnostic accuracy of the synovitis score and its componentsAims:  To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a three‐component synovitis score and to determine the relative contribution of each of its components to its overall discriminatory power.Methods and results:  The synovitis score was determined in 666 synovial specimens: normal synovium, n = 33; post‐traumatic arthropathy (PtA), n = 29; osteoarthritis (OA), n = 221; psoriatic arthritis (PsA), n = 42; and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), n = 341. The discriminatory abilities of the score and its components were quantified with binary and multicategory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The score differentiated all arthropathies accurately from normal tissue (area under the ROC curve, AUC: 0.87–0.98) and RA from OA or PtA (AUC: 0.85 for both), but could not distinguish well within pairs of inflammatory or degenerative arthropathies. AUCs of the intimal hyperplasia and stromal cellularity components correlated with the AUCs of the complete score markedly more strongly (r = 0.94 and 0.91, respectively) than the inflammatory infiltration component (r = 0.60). Multicategory ROC analysis ranked the score several‐fold higher than any of its components, and the components in the order stromal cellularity>intimal hyperplasia>infiltration.Conclusion:  Combining three distinct histological parameters into a three‐component score produces greatly increased overall diagnostic power. The discriminatory ability of the score stems more from measuring proliferative than infiltrative aspects of synovitis.
Overexpression of aldo‐keto reductase 1C2 is associated with disease progression in patients with prostatic cancer
Authors: Huang Kuo‐Hsuan , Chiou Shiow‐Her , Chow Kuan‐Chih , Lin Tze‐Yi , Chang Hui‐Wen , Chiang I‐Ping , Lee Meng‐Chih 
Published: September 2010

Huang K‐H, Chiou S‐H, Chow K‐C, Lin T‐Y, Chang H‐W, Chiang I‐P & Lee M‐C (2010) Histopathology 57, 384–394 Overexpression of aldo‐keto reductase 1C2 is associated with disease progression in patients with prostatic cancerAims:  Prostatic cancer is resistant to chemotherapy. Expression of aldo‐keto reductase 1C (AKR1C) has been associated with drug resistance and disease progression in several cancers. The aim was to investigate the relationship between AKR1C expression and disease progression in prostatic cancer.Methods and results:  From January 1996 to December 2005, 86 pathological samples were collected from patients with prostatic cancer. A tissue microarray containing 31 prostatic cancers from American patients was used for comparison between Chinese and American patients. Using immunohistochemistry, aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member C2 (AKR1C2) expression was assessed in tissue sections. The AKR1C2 was determined by two‐dimensional immunoblotting and DNA sequencing of reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction products. The relationship between AKR1C2 expression and clinicopathological variables was statistically analysed. In vitro, the association between AKR1C2 expression and drug resistance was investigated in androgen‐sensitive and androgen‐insensitive prostatic cancer cells. DNA sequencing and two‐dimensional immunoblotting showed that prostatic cancer expressed AKR1C2. It was overexpressed in 77 of 86 (89.5%) Chinese and in 28 of 31 (90.3%) American samples. No difference was found in AKR1C2 expression between Chinese and American prostatic cancer patients. In vitro, increased expression of AKR1C2 and prostaglandin F2α correlated with cytoprotection against anticancer drugs and lycopene.Conclusion:  Overexpression of AKR1C2 is associated with disease progression in prostatic cancer.
Pyraclostrobin reduces germ tube growth of QoI‐resistant Mycosphaerella graminicola pycnidiospores and the severity of septoria tritici blotch on winter wheat
Authors: Kildea S. , Dunne B. , Mullins E. , Cooke L. R. , Mercer P. C. , O’Sullivan E. 
Published: September 2010

The effect of the quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin on yields of winter wheat where QoI resistant Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates were dominant was investigated in field trials in 2006 and 2007. Pyraclostrobin significantly increased yields by 1·57 t ha−1 in 2006 and 0·89 t ha−1 in 2007 when compared to the untreated controls, while azoxystrobin only provided a significant increase of 1·28 t ha−1 in 2006. These yield increases were associated with reduction in septoria tritici blotch (STB) development as determined by weekly disease assessments over a 7 week interval. The effect of pyraclostrobin on STB was studied in controlled environment experiments using wheat seedlings inoculated with individual M. graminicola isolates. Pyraclostrobin significantly reduced STB symptoms by up to 62%, whether applied 48 h pre‐ or post‐ inoculation with resistant M. graminicola isolates containing the cytochrome b mutation G143A. Extremely limited disease (<1%) was observed on similarly treated seedlings inoculated with an intermediately resistant isolate containing the cytochrome b mutation F129L, while no disease was observed on seedlings inoculated with a wild‐type isolate. Germination studies of pycnidiospores of M. graminicola on water agar amended with azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin showed that neither fungicide inhibited germination of spores of resistant isolates containing the mutation G143A. However, pyraclostrobin significantly reduced germ tube length by up to 46% when compared with the untreated controls. Although the QoIs can no longer be relied upon to provide effective M. graminicola control, this study provides an insight into why QoIs still provide limited STB disease control and yield increases even in situations of high QoI resistance.
Selective blackening of bioclasts via mixing‐zone aragonite neomorphism in Late Triassic limestone, Zlatibor Mountains, Serbia
Authors: HIPS KINGA , HAAS JÁNOS , VIDÓ MÁRIA , BARNA ZSUZSANNA , JOVANOVIĆ DIVNA , SUDAR MILAN N. , SIKLÓSY ZOLTÁN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA peculiar facies of the Norian–Rhaetian Dachstein‐type platform carbonates, which contains large amounts of blackened bioclasts and dissolutional cavities filled by cements and internal sediments, occurs in the Zlatibor Mountains, Serbia. Microfacies investigations revealed that the blackened bioclasts are predominantly Solenoporaceae, with a finely crystalline, originally aragonite skeleton of fine cellular structure. Blackening of other bioclasts also occurs subordinately. Solenoporacean‐dominated reefs, developed behind the platform margin patch‐reef tract, were the main source of sand‐sized detritus. The blackened and other non‐blackened bioclasts are incorporated in automicrite cement. Radiaxial fibrous calcite cements in the dissolutional cavities are also black, dark grey or white. Reworked black pebbles were reported from many occurrences of peritidal deposits; in those cases, the blackening took place under pedogenic, meteoric diagenetic conditions. In contrast, in the inner platform deposits of the Ilidža Limestone, the blackening of bioclasts occurred in a marine–meteoric mixing‐zone, as indicated by petrographic features and geochemical data of the skeleton‐replacing calcite crystals. Attributes of mixing‐zone pore waters were controlled by mixing corrosion, different solubility of carbonate minerals and microbial decomposition of organic matter. In the moderate‐energy inner platform environment, large amounts of microbial organic tissue were accumulated and subsequently decomposed, triggering selective blackening in the course of early, shallow burial diagenesis. The δ18O and δ13C values of the mixing‐zone precipitates and replacive calcite do not produce a linear mixing trend. Variation mainly resulted from microbial decomposition of organic matter that occurred under mixing‐zone conditions. The paragenetic sequence implies cyclic diagenetic conditions that were determined by marine, meteoric and mixing‐zone pore fluids. The diagenetic cycles were controlled by sea‐level fluctuations of moderate amplitude under a semi‐arid to semi‐humid climate.
New Beverage for Cardiovascular Health, Proposal Based on Oriental and Occidental Food Culture from a World‐Wide Epidemiological Study
Authors: Moriguchi Emilio Hideyuki , Yamori Yukio , Mori Mari , Sagara Miki , Mori Hideki , Sakuma Tatsuya , Ishikawa Paulo Molitsugu , Moriguchi Yukio 
Published: September 2010

Objectives:  To investigate whether combined isoflavones and antioxidants in oriental and occidental drinks reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in high‐risk Japanese immigrants living in Brazil.Materials and methods:  From among over 100 Japanese immigrants thirty‐seven females aged 45–60 years in Porto Alegre, Brazil, were randomized after informed consent into two groups to drink 200 ml of whole soy cell juice (S) containing 7.5 g soy protein and 10 mg of isoflavones (aglycone) in peach juice or placebo peach juice (P) with 80 Kcal for 12 weeks. Health survey including 24‐hour urine (24 U) examination were carried out before the randomization and after the double blind placebo controlled intervention study.Results:  Both weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly (p < 0.05, 0.01) decreased from the baseline only in the S group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from the baseline in the S group with elevated 24 U isoflavone excretion (>10 µmol), and there was a significant (p < 0.05) inter‐group difference between the S and P groups after intervention. Total and low density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol (C) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the S group from the baseline and there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the S and P groups after intervention. HbA1c and atherogenic index (non‐high density lipoprotein (HDL)‐C/HDL‐C) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in both groups.Conclusions:  Soy isoflavones combined with fruit antioxidants, the combination of which might potentiate local nitric oxide (NO) affect, decreased SBP, total cholesterol and LDL‐C. Peach juice itself improved blood glucose levels and the atherogenic index of the high‐risk Japanese population in Brazil.
Risk assessment for falls in the elderly population
Authors: Toba Kenji 
Published: September 2010

Objective:  To evaluate whether a simple questionnaire composed of 22 items, including several environmental factors, could establish predictive validity for identifying fallers.Patients and methods:  The study included 2439 community‐dwelling elderly people (76.3 ± 7.4 years old). Scores on the questionnaire containing only dichotomous questions (yes or no) were compared between fallers and non‐fallers. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for falls in a longitudinal study (n = 342).Results:  A logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age, a history of falls, cognitive dysfunction, a round back and knee joint pain were independent risks for falls. On the other hand, no environmental factors were found as independent risks for falls.Conclusion:  A simple fall predicting score is useful for identifying high‐risk individuals in clinical settings.
Relationship between diabetic retinopathy and vascular endothelial function in elderly type 2 diabetic Japanese patients without cardiovascular disease
Authors: Watanabe Kentaro , Suzuki Tatsuya , Nakano Hiroshi , Oba Kenzo 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Many recent studies point to the importance, in diabetic patients, of vascular endothelial function as an early marker of not only macrovascular complications but also of microangiopathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and endothelial function in elderly diabetic patients by using brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD).Methods:  We studied 71 type 2 diabetic patients aged 65 years or older without cardiovascular diseases. The subjects were categorized as three groups: (i) without diabetic retinopathy (n = 49); (ii) with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (n = 15); and (iii) those with preproliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 7). Brachial artery FMD measurement was performed by high‐resolution ultrasonography. The Kruskal–Wallis test, the χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify associations between both retinopathy and clinical characteristics and FMD.Results:  There were no differences in clinical characteristics between the three groups. FMD of the three groups were significantly decreased correlating with the severity of retinopathy (8.03% vs 5.40% vs 2.30%; P = 0.003). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between diabetic retinopathy and FMD (odds ratio 0.801; P = 0.009).Conclusion:  Our study suggests that FMD has a relation to microangiopathy in elderly diabetic subjects. Prospective studies will be required to determine whether this test has any clinical use for identifying elderly diabetic patients who are likely to develop diabetic retinopathy.
Differences in insulin resistance and pancreatic B‐cell function in obese subjects with isolated impaired glucose tolerance and isolated impaired fasting glucose
Authors: J. Hong , M.‐H. Gui , W.‐Q. Gu , Y.‐F. Zhang , M. Xu , Z.‐N. Chi , Y. Zhang , X.‐Y. Li , W.‐Q. Wang , Ning G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAims  To investigate changes in insulin action and insulin secretion in obese subjects with different categories of impaired glucose regulation (IGR): impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and combined IFG/IGT (CGI).Methods  A total of 222 subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT); 100 had normal glucose tolerance (subdivided into 32 lean NGT, 68 obese NGT), and 122 were obese with IGR (82 IGT, 14 IFG and 26 CGI). The insulin sensitivity index (SI) was assessed by Bergman's minimal model method with FSIGTT; insulin secretion was determined by acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg). The disposition index (DI), the product of AIRg and SI, was used to determine whether AIRg was adequate to compensate for insulin resistance.Results  SI was similar in NGT and IGR obese subgroups. AIRg was significantly increased in obese NGT as compared with lean NGT, significantly reduced in IGT, and further reduced in IFG and CGI subjects as compared with obese NGT subgroups. DI was reduced in NGT obese individuals. Within the obese IGR subgroups, IFG and CGI subjects had even lower DI value than IGT subjects.Conclusions  Obese Chinese subjects with IGR have a similar degree of insulin resistance but differ in insulin secretion. Subjects with IFG and CGI have a more prominent deficiency in insulin secretion than subjects with IGT.
The impact of Type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria on future cardiovascular events in patients with clinically manifest vascular disease from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study
Authors: Soedamah‐Muthu S. S. , Visseren F. L. J. , Algra A. , Van Der Graaf Y. ,   on behalf of the SMART Study Group
Published: September 2010

AbstractAims  Type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether these two complications are important and independent risk factors for future CVD events in a high‐risk population with clinically manifest vascular disease is unknown. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of Type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria on future CVD events.Methods  Patients with clinically manifest vascular disease (coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular disease) from the Second Manifestation of Arterial disease study were followed up for 4 years. Data obtained from 1996–2006 were analysed. At baseline, there were 804 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean age 60 years) and 2983 patients without. Incident CVD (n = 458) was defined as hospital‐verified myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular death and the composite of these vascular events.Results  Both Type 2 diabetes [hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16, 1.75] and microalbuminuria (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.49, 2.33) increased the risk of new cardiovascular events in univariate analyses. From multivariable models, presence of diabetes remained significantly and independently related to incident CVD (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.11, 1.80). Presence of microalbuminuria also remained significantly independently related to incident CVD (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.07, 1.77). In diabetes‐stratified analyses, the effect of microalbuminuria on CVD risk was observed only in patients with diabetes. In microalbuminuria‐stratified analyses, the significant and independent effect of diabetes on CVD risk was shown only in the non‐microalbuminuric group.Conclusions  In this high‐risk population, both microalbuminuria and Type 2 diabetes are important and independent risk factors for future CVD.
The Return of the Queen of the Night: Joseph von Sternberg's Der blaue Engel and Die Zauberflöte
Authors: Richter Simon 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAfter decades of scholarly inattention, the musical complexity of Joseph von Sternberg's Der Blaue Engel (1930) and Friedrich Hollaender's score is beginning to be recognised. In this article, I argue that Sternberg in fact conceived Der Blaue Engel not only in quasi‐operatic terms, but also as a response to the gender politics of Mozart and Schikaneder's Zauberflöte. The Zauberflöte famously lulls its audience into initial sympathy with the Queen of the Night in the first half, only to turn the tables by reversing the perspective, reasserting masculine authority and order, and banishing the Queen of the Night from the Realm of Light. In Lola Lola's triumph over Professor Rath, Sternberg stages the return of the Queen of the Night. Many details of the movie that otherwise seem unmotivated – particularly the preponderance of ‘bird’ motifs – become meaningful when viewed in relation to the Zauberflöte.
A Micro‐Simulation Approach to Modelling Spatial Unemployment Disparities
Authors: MCARTHUR DAVID PHILIP , THORSEN INGE , UBØE JAN 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to construct a comprehensive model capable of simulating spatial unemployment disparities. The key feature of the model is that it simultaneously deals with commuting and migration. Much of the existing literature simply models one adjustment mechanism at a time. This paper adopts a micro‐simulation approach to build a model which can deal with equilibrium and disequilibrium unemployment disparities in a context where commuting and migration are possible. The model is then used to demonstrate the importance of considering both types of flows and to guide future empirical and theoretical work in the area.