bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poetic Justice, Prosaic Crime
Authors: Black Joel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The assumption of a tradition of sensational tales and songs of sinful behaviour giving way in the late eighteenth century to more rationalist, ‘realist’ crime narratives and a more prosaic discourse of crime calls for re-examination in light of a key strain of crime literature at this time. A century after Daniel Defoe and Henry Fielding found fertile literary material in prison calendars’ demonized depictions of the notorious thief Jonathan Wild, William Godwin’s protagonist’s pursuit of justice in Caleb Williams turns him into a pursued outlaw, while James Hogg’s Confessions of a Justified Sinner presents the antinomian premise that the elect are not subject to moral law. By 1832, the ‘hero-criminal’ of Edward Lytton Bulwer’s Newgate novel, Eugene Aram, justifies his murderous crime of passion as the rational expression of a superior intellect. But it is Thomas De Quincey’s essays on ‘Macbeth’ and ‘Murder’ that transpose fictional and nonfictional murderers alike into artist-criminals in what Michel Foucault would call ‘the whole aesthetic rewriting of crime’.
LGBTI Populations and the Right to Health
Authors: Ryan Fergus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
LGBTI populations—particularly gay and bisexual men, transgender and intersex people—face particular LGBTI-specific challenges in relation to physical and mental health and access to medical treatment and support. International Law emphasizes the equal right of all to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health as well the importance of effective health promotion and preventative measures. In the case of LGBTI populations, however, these aims are often frustrated and undermined by discrimination and stigma that disproportionately affects members of sexual and gender minorities. This chapter examines how the rights to health (along with the allied right to life) and freedom from discrimination have often proven to be useful rights-based tools in asserting access to positive and supportive health outcomes for LGBTI people. While legal and rights-based strategies are not necessarily a universal panacea, law reform at both the international and national level can help secure better outcomes for LGBTI people in the sphere of health and well-being.
Queering the Law of Armed Conflict
Authors: Winkler Matteo M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the queer dimensions of the laws of armed conflict (LOAC). Using queer theories, it looks at how these laws treat the individuals belonging to the so-called LGBTI Community and at the same time questions the dominance of certain actors like the male military and the Occupying Power. The objective is to find new spaces of resistance at the margin that challenge traditional scholarship and scout currently unexplored legal landscapes, or blind spots, within the LOAC. This chapter first reviews the existing queer scholarship on international law to assess its (in)capability to comprehend modern war technologies. Second, it delves into two specific examples, the queer military bans and international occupation law, to show how the LOAC concretely impacts queer bodies. Overall, this chapter makes the case for a more holistic approach to the LOAC under queer lenses that unveils previously unmapped political and academic trajectories.
Poland
Authors: Czapliński Władysław 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of Polish international legal practice and Polish writing in the history of the law of nations. It concentrates on four issues: important personalities in the Polish law of nations (including Polish judges with the World Court); application of international law in the Polish legal order; Polish practice of international law; and Polish cases at the European Court of Human Rights. We have presented the most important factors of the Polish practice, focusing on relations of Poland with neighbouring States. On the other hand, these factors influenced to a large extent Polish position with respect to general international law. We have tried to avoid references to political issues, and our analysis is aimed at legal elements. Polish practice concerning international organizations including relations with the UN and EU including disarmament initiatives were also omitted.
Description of the characteristics of the nailfold capillary structure in healthy children: a multi-centric study
Authors: Dundar Hatice Adıgüzel , Adrovic Amra , Demir Selcan , Demir Ferhat , Cakmak Figen , Ayaz Nuray Aktay , Sözeri Betul , Bilginer Yelda , Kasapçopur Ozgur , Unsal Erbil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is the primary diagnostic tool for the assessment of microcirculation in the pediatric population.

Objective
To define and standardize age-specific normal NVC patterns in healthy children and adolescents.

Methods
A cross-sectional observational multicentric study was conducted in 564 participants aged 5–17 years. Dino-Lite CapillaryScope 200 Pro Model MEDL4N Pro was performed at 200× magnification. Quantitative and qualitative NVC parameters were analysed separately for each age group and divided into four groups based on age categories.

Results
Of the 564 healthy participants, 54.9% were female. A total of 1184 images and 3384 capillaries were analysed. Positive correlations were observed between age and capillary density (P &lt; 0.001, R = 0.450, CI95% 0.398–0.503). There was also a positive correlation between age and arterial/venous, loop diameter and capillary length, whereas there was a weak negative correlation between intercapillary distance. However, no correlation was found between age and capillary width. In addition, capillary density was significantly lower in the 5–7 age group compared with the other patient groups. Arterial limb diameter was lower in the 5–7 age group, while venous limb diameter was significantly wider in the 15–17 age group compared with the other patient groups. Dilated capillaries (8.7%), capillary tortuosity (14.4%), crossed capillaries (43.1%), micro-haemorrhages (2.7%) and avascular area (4.8%) were present in all age groups. Excellent intra- and interobserver ICC values were obtained for all parameters.

Conclusion
These findings hold potential significance for future studies, aiding in the analysis and differentiation of children suspected of rheumatological diseases with potential microangiopathy.
Broken promises? Trust and pension savings in turbulent times
Authors: Mangan Madi , Mastrogiacomo Mauro , Hochguertel Stefan , Goedkoop Floor 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Using survey data on household savings and trust, we investigate the determinants of trust in one’s pension fund and its effect on the decision to build up additional retirement savings. Key in our approach is the realization that trust in itself may respond to the usage of additional savings instruments, through learning, experience, and information acquisition, for instance. We therefore use an instrumental variables approach, based on exogenous shocks arising from pension cuts and indexation. We also account for the potential spurious relation between funds’ equity and trust, that could arise in a period of financial crisis. We do so using information on fund size, as this is an important proxy for funds’ economies of scale. These instruments allow identifying the unbiased effect of trust in pension funds on participation in voluntary pension saving plans. We disentangle the effects of age, birth cohort, and time in the determination of trust, and counter previous findings of a positive age gradient with trust. This implies that in the future the level of trust in pension funds will decline. Our main result is to find a positive effect of trust on additional pension savings.
Adapting the World Health Organization’s Surgical Safety Checklist to High-Income Settings: A Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial Protocol
Authors: Turley Nathan , Kogut Karolina , Burian Barbara , Moyal-Smith Rachel , Etheridge James , Sonnay Yves , Berry William , Merry Alan , Hannenberg Alexander , Haynes Alex B. , Dias Roger D. , Hagen Kathryn , Molina George , Spruce Lisa , Williams Carla , Brindle Mary E. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
The proposed study aims to assess users’ perceptions of a surgical safety checklist (SSC) reimplementation toolkit and its impact on SSC attitudes and operating room (OR) culture, meaningful checklist use, measures of surgical safety, and OR efficiency at 3 different hospital sites.

Background:
The High-Performance Checklist toolkit (toolkit) assists surgical teams in modifying and implementing or reimplementing the World Health Organization’s SSC. Through the explore, prepare, implement, and sustain implementation framework, the toolkit provides a process and set of tools to facilitate surgical teams’ modification, implementation, training on, and evaluation of the SSC.

Methods:
A pre–post intervention design will be used to assess the impact of the modified SSC on surgical processes, team culture, patient experience, and safety. This mixed-methods study includes quantitative and qualitative data derived from surveys, semi-structured interviews, patient focus groups, and SSC performance observations. Additionally, patient outcome and OR efficiency data will be collected from the study sites’ health surveillance systems.

Data analysis:
Statistical data will be analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions, while qualitative data will be analyzed thematically using NVivo. Furthermore, interview data will be analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance implementation frameworks.

Setting:
The toolkit will be introduced at 3 diverse surgical sites in Alberta, Canada: an urban hospital, university hospital, and small regional hospital.

Anticipated impact:
We anticipate the results of this study will optimize SSC usage at the participating surgical sites, help shape and refine the toolkit, and improve its usability and application at future sites.
Does Local Aqueous Tobramycin Injection Reduce Open Fracture-Related Infection Rates?
Authors: Southall Wyatt G. S. , Griffin Jarod T. , Foster Jeffrey A. , Wharton Matthew G. , Muhammad Maaz , Sierra-Arce Carlos R. , Mounce Samuel D. , Moghadamian Eric S. , Wright Raymond D. , Matuszewski Paul E. , Zuelzer David A. , Primm Daniel D. , Landy David C. , Hawk Gregory S. , Aneja Arun 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To examine the effect of local aqueous tobramycin injection adjunct to perioperative intravenous (IV) antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing fracture-related infections (FRIs) following reduction and internal fixation of open fractures.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Single academic Level I trauma center.

Patients Selection Criteria:
Patients with open extremity fractures treated with reduction and internal fixation with (intervention group) or without (control group) 80 mg of local aqueous (2 mg/mL) tobramycin injected during closure at the time of definitive fixation were identified from December 2018 to August 2021 based on population-matched demographic and injury characteristics.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
The primary outcome was FRI within 6 months of definitive fixation. Secondary outcomes consisted of fracture nonunion and bacterial speciation. Differences in outcomes between the 2 groups were assessed and logistic regression models were created to assess the difference in infection rates between groups, with and without controlling for potential confounding variables, such as sex, fracture location, and Gustilo–Anderson classification.

RESULTS:
An analysis of 157 patients was performed with 78 patients in the intervention group and 79 patients in the control group. In the intervention group, 30 (38.5%) patients were women with a mean age of 47.1 years. In the control group, 42 (53.2%) patients were women with a mean age of 46.4 years. The FRI rate was 11.5% in the intervention group compared with 25.3% in the control group (P = 0.026). After controlling for sex, Gustilo–Anderson classification, and fracture location, the difference in FRI rates between groups remained significantly different (P = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS:
Local aqueous tobramycin injection at the time of definitive internal fixation of open extremity fractures was associated with a significant reduction in FRI rates when administered as an adjunct to intravenous antibiotics, even after controlling for potential confounding variables.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY MORPHOLOGY OF MACULAR PUCKER CORRELATES WITH METAMORPHOPSIA
Authors: Govetto Andrea , Lucchini Sara , Sebag JERRY , Gianfrate Fiammetta , Ranno Stefano , Carini Elisa , Virgili Gianni , Romano Mario R. , Sarraf David , Radice Paolo 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To describe macular pucker contraction patterns with en face optical coherence tomography (OCT), to provide a correlation with metamorphopsia scores, and to discuss the protective role of the Henle fiber layer (HFL) against tangential traction.

Methods:
Retrospective, institutional, observational, and consecutive case series. Clinical charts, M-charts scores, and structural and en face OCT imaging of patients diagnosed with macular pucker were reviewed.

Results:
A 120 eyes of 114 consecutive patients diagnosed with macular pucker were included. En face OCT patterns of macular pucker contraction were foveal in 51 of 120 eyes (42.5%) and extrafoveal in 69 of 120 eyes (57.5%). Foveal macular puckers had regular, a concentric, circle morphology in the HFL (46/51 eyes, 90.2%), whereas extrafoveal membranes had irregular, distorted, circular HFL morphology (62/69 eyes, 89.8%; P < 0.001). Foveal contraction morphology and regular HFL pattern, as well as extrafoveal contraction morphology and an irregular HFL pattern, highly correlated one with another (P < 0.001 in both cases). Foveal macular puckers with regular HFL patterns had significantly less vertical and horizontal M-charts scores as compared with extrafoveal membranes with irregular HFL (P < 0.001 in both cases). Ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane defects were rare in the parafoveal region (5/120 eyes, 4.2%). Visual acuity did not correlate with metamorphopsia scores (P = 0.903).

Conclusion:
En face OCT imaging identifies macular pucker contraction patterns that correlate with metamorphopsia scores and that can be used alongside the current structural OCT staging system to guide clinicians in the surgical decision-making process.
SILICONE FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION RETINAL BIOPSY
Authors: Globočnik Petrovič Mojca , Vrabič Nika , Prevodnik Kloboves Veronika , Miceska Simona , Pajtler Rošar Ana , Vidovič Valentinčič Nataša 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To describe a 41-gauge silicone fine-needle aspiration biopsy (S-FNAB) technique and assess its value in diagnosing primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL).

Methods:
Retrospective review of seven consecutive patients who underwent vitreous biopsy (VB) and 41-gauge S-FNAB of retinal/subretinal lesions in a single tertiary center between January 2012 and March 2023.

Results:
Of seven patients, S-FNAB confirmed the diagnosis of PVRL in six patients. In five of those patients, both VB and retinal/subretinal S-FNAB (performed at the same procedure) yielded positive results, with the retinal thickness at the biopsy site as small as 231 µm. Four of these five patients had one or more previous negative VB. In one patient, S-FNAB yielded positive results despite a negative VB. Silicone fine-needle aspiration biopsy failed to confirm positive VB for PVRL in the remaining patient. The time from symptom onset to diagnosis of PVRL ranged from 18 days to 26 months. There were no severe complications associated with the procedure.

Conclusion:
Silicone fine-needle aspiration biopsy might be a valuable method for obtaining a sufficient sample of viable cells to diagnose PVRL. It can be performed as a primary procedure along with VB. Further studies are warranted to determine where this technique could be most advantageous.
PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF HOME OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY–GUIDED MANAGEMENT OF TREATMENT EXPERIENCED NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION PATIENTS
Authors: Holekamp Nancy M. , de Beus Anthony M. , Clark W. Lloyd , Heier Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the impact of home optical coherence tomography (OCT)–guided patient management on treatment burden and visual outcomes.

Methods:
An interventional trial was conducted to compare frequency of treatment and visual acuity for the neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients before and during use of home optical coherence tomography over a period of 6 months. Patient adherence to regular scanning was measured by the number of scans performed per week. The characteristics of episodes of fluid recurrence and classification of typical fluid volume trajectories were performed.

Results:
Twenty-seven eyes (21 with diagnosis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and one converted during the study), of 15 patients were monitored for 6 months, scanning at 6.2 times/week per eye and yielding 4,435 scans of which 91.2% were eligible for artificial intelligence–based fluid volume quantification. Total number of monitoring weeks before and during the study were 1,555 and 509. The mean (SD) number of weeks per injection before and during home OCT management were 8.0 (4.7) and 15.3 (8.5) (P = 0.004), respectively. The mean (SD) visual acuity change before and during home OCT-based management was 3.5 (12.0) letters and 0.0 (9.5) letters (P = 0.45), respectively, showing no significant impact on visual acuity.

Conclusion:
For the first time, remote patient monitoring with a home OCT allowed personalized management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. This study showed significant reduction in treatment burden while maintaining stable visual acuity.
Addressing corneal opacity after herpes zoster infection
Authors: Santhiago Marcony R. , Sampaio Lycia Pedral , Arroyo Danielle , Wilson Steven E. , Moshirfar Majid , Del Risco Norma , Moin Kayvon A. , Cabanás Margarita , Ruiz Ramón , Llovet Fernando , Shetty Rohit , Nawas Zeid , Al-Mohtaseb Zaina , Pflugfelder Stephen C. , Chen Allison J. 
Published: May 2024

A 15-year-old boy was referred for corneal opacity evaluation. The patient had a previous herpes zoster virus (HZV) infection—varicella-zoster virus (VZV)—with ocular manifestation 1 year ago. After the infection, he developed a central corneal scar and decreased corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) in the right eye.
The slitlamp examination showed the right eye with central corneal opacity (involving anterior stroma), lacuna area between the haze, fluorescein negative, and no vascularization near the scar (Figure 1

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202406000-00019/figure1/v/2024-07-10T174224Z/r/image-tiff

). The patient had been treated with oral valacyclovir and topical corticosteroids without any improvement of visual acuity or changes in opacity within the 1-year follow-up.
His CDVA was 20/200 (−4.50 −0.75 × 25) in the right eye and counting fingers (−4.00) in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was 12 mm Hg in both eyes. Fundoscopy was normal in the right eye, but he had a macular scar in the left eye (diagnosed when he was 7 years). The left eye had no cornea signs. The patient has no comorbidity or previous surgeries.
Considering this case, a corneal central scar in a 15-year-old boy, legally single eye only, and assuming it is an opacity in the anterior stroma, would you consider surgery for this patient? If so, which would you choose: Would you consider an excimer laser treatment of his ametropia while partially removing his opacity, a phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), or a PTK followed by a topography-guided treatment, femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (FALK), or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) or penetrating keratoplasty (depending on the scar depth)? Would you consider prophylactic acyclovir during and after surgery? Would you consider any other surgical step to prevent delayed corneal healing-persistent epithelial defect?
Before the surgical approach, would you consider treating this patient with topical losartan (a transforming growth factor [TGF]-β signaling inhibitor)? Would you first perform the surgery (which one) and then start the medication? Furthermore, if so, how long would you treat this patient? Would you consider treatment with another medication?
A systematic review with meta-analyses of the association between stigma and chronic pain outcomes
Authors: Hickling Lauren M. , Allani Selsebil , Cella Matteo , Scott Whitney 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Stigma is common in people experiencing chronic pain and there are indications that it may adversely affect pain outcomes. However, to date, there is no systematic review exploring the impact of stigma on chronic pain-related outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between stigma and key chronic pain outcomes and differences in stigma between pain conditions. Seven databases were searched for studies reporting a measure of association between stigma and at least one pain outcome in adults with chronic pain. Studies were screened by 2 independent researchers. Nineteen studies met eligibility criteria and data were extracted, quality-assessed, and narratively synthesised and meta-analysed where possible. Meta-analyses of bivariate cross-sectional correlations demonstrated significant positive correlations between stigma and pain intensity, disability, and depression, with small to moderate effects. Data from 2 prospective studies and those only reporting multivariate analyses that were not included in meta-analyses further supported these findings. There was some evidence that individuals who experience pain conditions with less clear pathophysiology may report greater stigma, although more research is needed. The review highlights that there is a growing number of studies on stigma in the pain field showing an adverse association between stigma and chronic pain outcomes.