bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-based person-centred integrated care (PIC) networks for healthy ageing in place: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Potter Caroline M , Malli Melina , Harper Sarah 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe economic case for preventive care delivered in or near citizens’ homes is strong, and there is growing evidence of the role of local-level support in supporting people’s health and well-being as they age. However, effective and consistent delivery of person-centred integrated care (PIC) at the community level remains elusive. Previous systematic reviews have focused on specific processes such as case management, but none have focused on the operational delivery of community-based care networks. In this study, we aim to identify what practice-based models of PIC networks exist at the local/neighbourhood level and what evidence is available as to their effectiveness for healthy ageing in place.Methods and analysisWe will undertake a scoping review following the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and updated guidance by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Peer-reviewed sources will be identified through searches of seven databases, and relevant grey literature will be identified through websites of policy and voluntary sector organisations focused on integrated care and/or healthy ageing. Data from included studies will be extracted for relevance to the research questions, including aims and anticipated outcomes of network models, financial and management structures of networks, and evidence of evaluation. Summary tables and narrative comparisons of key PIC network features across settings will be presented.Ethics and disseminationAs no primary data will be collected, ethical approval is not required to conduct this scoping review. In addition to publication as a peer-reviewed article, the results of this review will be summarised as shorter discussion papers for use in follow-up research.
Implementation of systematic screening for tuberculosis disease and tuberculosis preventive treatment among people living with HIV attending antiretroviral treatment clinics in Ghana: a national pilot study
Authors: Adusi-Poku Yaw , Addai Lillian , Wadie Bernard , Afutu Felix Kwami , Bruce Susuana A K , Baddoo Nyonuku Akosua , Wagaw Zeleke Alebachew , Campbell Jonathon R , Merle Corinne S , Frimpong Amenyo Rita Patricia 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the yield and cost of implementing systematic screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and initiation of TB preventive treatment (TPT) in Ghana.DesignProspective cohort study from August 2019 to December 2020.SettingOne hospital from each of Ghana’s regions (10 total).ParticipantsAny PLHIV already receiving or newly initiating antiretroviral treatment were eligible for inclusion.InterventionsAll participants received TB symptom screening and chest radiography. Those with symptoms and/or an abnormal chest X-ray provided a sputum sample for microbiological testing. All without TB disease were offered TPT.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe estimated the proportion diagnosed with TB disease and proportion initiating TPT. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with TB disease diagnosis. We used microcosting to estimate the health system cost per person screened (2020 US$).ResultsOf 12 916 PLHIV attending participating clinics, 2639 (20%) were enrolled in the study and screened for TB disease. Overall, 341/2639 (12.9%, 95% CI 11.7% to 14.3%) had TB symptoms and/or an abnormal chest X-ray; 50/2639 (1.9%; 95% CI 1.4% to 2.5%) were diagnosed with TB disease, 20% of which was subclinical. In multivariable analysis, only those newly initiating antiretroviral treatment were at increased odds of TB disease (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.0 to 8.2). Among 2589 participants without TB, 2581/2589 (99.7%) initiated TPT. Overall, the average cost per person screened during the study was US$57.32.ConclusionIn Ghana, systematic TB disease screening among PLHIV was of high yield and modest cost when combined with TPT. Our findings support WHO recommendations for routine TB disease screening among PLHIV.
Appraisal of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements on obstetric anaesthesia: a systematic review using the AGREE II instrument
Authors: Huang Lu , Hu Na , Jiang Ling , Xiong Xinglong , Shi Jing , Chen Dongxu 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesDespite the publication of hundreds of trials on obstetric anaesthesia, the management of these conditions remains suboptimal. We aimed to assess the quality and consistency of guidance documents for obstetric anaesthesia.DesignThis is a systematic review and quality assessment using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II methodology.Data sourcesData sources include PubMed and Embase (8 June 2023), three Chinese academic databases, six guideline databases (7 June 2023) and Google and Google scholar (1 August 2023).Eligibility criteriaWe included the latest version of international and national/regional clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements for the anaesthetic management of pregnant patients during labour, non-operative delivery, operative delivery and selected aspects of perioperative monitoring, postpartum care and analgesia, published in English or Chinese.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently screened the searched items and extracted data. Four reviewers independently scored documents using AGREE II. Recommendations from all documents were tabulated and visualised in a coloured grid.ResultsTwenty-two guidance documents (14 clinical practice guidelines and 8 consensus statements) were included. Included documents performed well in the domains of scope and purpose (median 76.4%, IQR 69.4%–79.2%) and clarity of presentation (median 72.2%, IQR 61.1%–80.6%), but were unsatisfactory in applicability (median 21.9%, IQR 13.5%–27.1%) and editorial independence (median 47.9%, IQR 6.3%–73.2%). The majority of obstetric anaesthesia guidelines or consensus centred on different topics. Less than 30% of them specifically addressed the management of obstetric anaesthesia perioperatively. Recommendations were concordant on the perioperative preparation, and on some indications for the choice of anaesthesia method. Substantially different recommendations were provided for some items, especially for preoperative blood type and screen, and for the types and doses of neuraxial administration.ConclusionsThe methodological quality in guidance documents for obstetric anaesthesia necessitates enhancement. Despite numerous trials in this area, evidence gaps persist for specific clinical queries in this field. One potential approach to mitigate these challenges involves the endorsement of standardised guidance development methods and the synthesis of robust clinical evidence, aimed at diminishing difference in recommendations.
Managing well-being in paediatric critical care: a multiperspective qualitative study of nurses’ and allied health professionals’ experiences
Authors: Yeter Esra , Bhamra Harmeet , Butcher Isabelle , Morrison Rachael , Donnelly Peter , Shaw Rachel 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesIt is well evidenced that healthcare professionals working in paediatric critical care experience high levels of burn-out, compassion fatigue and moral distress. This worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work examines the nature of challenges to workplace well-being and explores what well-being means to staff. This evidence will inform the development of staff interventions to improve and maintain staff well-being.DesignQualitative study.SettingPaediatric critical care units in the UK.Participants30 nurses and allied health professionals took part in online interviews and were asked about well-being and challenges to well-being. Lived experiences of well-being were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThemes generated were as follows: perception of self and identity; relationships and team morale; importance of control and balance and consequences of COVID-19. They focused on the impact of poor well-being on participants’ sense of self; the significance of how or whether they feel able to relate well with their team and senior colleagues; the challenges associated with switching off, feeling unable to separate work from home life and the idealised goal of being able to do just that; and lessons learnt from working through the pandemic, in particular associated with redeployment to adult intensive care.ConclusionsOur findings align closely with the self-determination theory which stipulates autonomy, belonging and competence are required for well-being. Participants’ accounts supported existing literature demonstrating the importance of empowering individuals to become self-aware, to be skilled in self-reflection and to be proactive in managing one’s own well-being. Change at the individual and staff group level may be possible with relatively low-intensity intervention, but significant change requires systemic shifts towards the genuine prioritisation of staff well-being as a prerequisite for high-quality patient care.
Efficacy and safety of intravenous tranexamic acid in microscopic modified radical mastoidectomy: a study protocol for a prospective, randomised, double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Ding Weisi , Feng Yi , An Haiyan 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionRadical mastoidectomy is a common procedure for chronic suppurative otitis media, typically performed under a microscope. The smooth operation is closely related to the clarity of the operative field. Our trial is designed to investigate whether the intravenous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) can improve the clarity of the operative field, reduce the operative time, and increase surgeon satisfaction.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial that aims to investigate the effects of TXA on patients with otitis media. The trial will include patients between the ages of 18 and 65 who will be randomly assigned to either the TXA group or the control group. In the TXA group, patients will receive 1 g of TXA diluted to 20 mL of normal saline before anaesthesia induction while the control group will receive 20 mL of normal saline. The primary outcome measure will be the Modena Bleeding Score, which will assess the clarity of the surgical field. Secondary outcomes will include the surgeon’s satisfaction with surgical conditions, operation time, laboratory measurements (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrin degradation products, D-dimer) and levels of inflammatory factors (such as IL-6) at 24 hours postoperatively. In addition, the incidence of general adverse reactions such as postoperative nausea, vomiting and dizziness; serious adverse events such as arterial and venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction and epilepsy within 90 days will be compared between the two groups.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital (2021PHB173-001), on 19 July 2021. The trial results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100049183.
First observation of rotational bands in the nucleus $$^{231}$$U
Authors: Roux D. G. , Bark R. A. , Lawrie E. A. , Lawrie J. J. , Ntshangase S. S. , Dinoko T. S. , Easton J. L. , Jones P. , Kheswa B. V. , Khumalo N. A. , Majola S. N. T. , Masiteng L. P. , Negi D. , Noncolela S. P. , Ndayishimye J. , Sharpey-Schafer J. F. , Shirinda O. , Uwitonze P. C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work reports the first rotational bands observed in the neutron-deficient nucleus $$^{231}$$

231

U. Excited states were populated in the $$^{232}$$

232

Th($$\alpha $$
α
,5n) reaction at a beam energy of 52 MeV. Coincident decay $$\gamma $$
γ
-rays were measured with the high-purity germanium detectors of the afrodite spectrometer array, in conjunction with a recoil detector to discriminate against the fission background. The bands are interpreted as the ground-state band $$\nu [633]5/2^{+}$$

ν

[
633
]

5
/

2
+

, yrast band $$\nu [752]5/2^{-}$$

ν

[
752
]

5
/

2
-

, and an excited band $$\nu [631]3/2^{+}$$

ν

[
631
]

3
/

2
+

. Configuration assignments are supported by Cranked Shell Model and B(M1)/B(E2) calculations. The excitation energy of the $$\nu [752]5/2^{-}$$

ν

[
752
]

5
/

2
-

bandhead is suggested to be 113.0 keV.
Pharmacokinetics of disulphonated tetraphenyl chlorin (fimaporfin/TPCS2a) in a rat glioma model– methodology
Authors: Gederaas Odrun A. , Lindgren Mikael , Stigen Kari , Høgset Anders , Hirschberg Henry 
Published: May 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers in humans, with low survival rates for many cancers after surgery, ionizing radiation, or chemotherapy. Because of that, the interest in developing new treatment technologies and using alternative substances is continuously increasing, and rodent brain tumor models are useful for developing effective therapies for GBM. Herin, the photosensitizing potential of the photosensitizer meso-tetraphenyl chlorin disulphonate (fimaporfin/TPCS[Formula: see text], AmphinexⓇ) has been evaluated by a rat orthotopic glioma model, 10 days after intracranial instillation of F98 cells in hippocampus of Fisher 344 rats. The injection of fimaporfin (3 mg/200 g rat) was performed in one of the tumor-bearing animals’ tail veins, followed by in vivo fluorescence imaging, whole heads, bodies, and ex vivoanalyses of glioma tumors and blood samples. The tumor localization and size in the hippocampus were documented by MRI 9 days after F98 cell instillation and the results indicate no fluorescence in the blood samples post 6 days after intravenous injection. Interestingly, the present model documents a clear fluorescence in the glioma ex vivo analyses 18 days after F98 cell instillation in the hippocampus (10 days post-PDT), which shows a fimaporfin accumulation in gliomas much longer than in the circulating blood.
VPAC2 Receptor Signaling Promotes Growth and Immunosuppression in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Passang Tenzin , Wang Shuhua , Zhang Hanwen , Zeng Fanyuan , Hsu Po-Chih , Wang Wenxi , Li Jian-Ming , Liu Yuan , Ravindranathan Sruthi , Lesinski Gregory B. , Waller Edmund K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbors a complex tumor microenvironment, and cross-talk among cells in the tumor microenvironment can contribute to drug resistance and relapse. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is overexpressed in PDAC, and VIP receptors expressed on T cells are a targetable pathway that sensitizes PDAC to immunotherapy. In this study, we showed that pancreatic cancer cells engage in autocrine VIP signaling through VIP receptor 2 (VPAC2). High coexpression of VIP with VPAC2 correlated with reduced relapse-free survival in patients with PDAC. VPAC2 activation in PDAC cells upregulated Piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2, which stimulated cancer cell clonogenic growth. In addition, VPAC2 signaling increased expression of TGFβ1 to inhibit T-cell function. Loss of VPAC2 on PDAC cells led to reduced tumor growth and increased sensitivity to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in mouse models of PDAC. Overall, these findings expand our understanding of the role of VIP/VPAC2 signaling in PDAC and provide the rationale for developing potent VPAC2-specific antagonists for treating patients with PDAC.
Significance: Autocrine VIP signaling via VPAC2 promotes cancer cell growth and inhibits T-cell function in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target to improve pancreatic cancer treatment.
Exposure–Response and Subgroup Analyses to Support Body Weight–Based Dosing of Brentuximab Vedotin in Children and Young Adults with Newly Diagnosed High-risk Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Zufei , Zhang Daping , Guo Wenchuan , Fenton Keenan , Narayanan Sujata , Jain Shweta , Jiang Joy , Castellino Sharon M. , Kelly Kara M. , Cole Peter D. , Keller Frank G. , Garg Amit , Chia Yen Lin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationships between brentuximab vedotin (BV) pharmacokinetics, age, and body weight (BW) with efficacy and safety in pediatric and young adult patients with previously untreated, high-risk classical Hodgkin lymphoma in the phase III AHOD1331 study.

Experimental Design:
Overall, 296 patients (age 2–21 years) in the overall population were randomized to and received BV + chemotherapy; the pharmacokinetic subpopulation comprised 24 patients (age &lt;13 years). Age- and/or BW-based (pharmacokinetic surrogates) subgroup analyses of efficacy and safety were conducted for the overall population. Exposure–response analyses were limited to the pharmacokinetic subpopulation.

Results:
There were no visible trends in disease characteristics across pediatric age subgroups, whereas BW increased with age. Observed antibody–drug conjugate exposures in patients ages &lt;12 years were lower than those in adults administered BV 1.8 mg/kg every 3 weeks, as exposure increased with BW. Nevertheless, no detrimental impact on event-free survival was seen in younger subgroups: 3-year event-free survival rates were 96.2% (2–&lt;12 years) and 92.0% (12–&lt;18 years), with no events observed in those ages &lt;6 years. Neither early response nor lack of need for radiation therapy was associated with high pharmacokinetic exposure. No evidence of exposure-driven grade ≥2 or ≥3 peripheral neuropathy or grade ≥3 neutropenia was seen in exposure-safety and BW-based subgroup analyses; the incidence of these safety events was comparable across pediatric age subgroups, despite lower exposure in younger children.

Conclusions:
No further adjustments based on age or BW are required for the BV dosage (1.8 mg/kg every 3 weeks) approved in children.
Clinical Implications and Molecular Features of Extracellular Matrix Networks in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Pankova Valeriya , Krasny Lukas , Kerrison William , Tam Yuen B. , Chadha Madhumeeta , Burns Jessica , Wilding Christopher P. , Chen Liang , Chowdhury Avirup , Perkins Emma , Lee Alexander T.J. , Howell Louise , Guljar Nafia , Sisley Karen , Fisher Cyril , Chudasama Priya , Thway Khin , Jones Robin L. , Huang Paul H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The landscape of extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) remains poorly characterized. We aimed to investigate the tumor ECM and adhesion signaling networks present in STS and their clinical implications.

Experimental Design:
Proteomic and clinical data from 321 patients across 11 histological subtypes were analyzed to define ECM and integrin adhesion networks. Subgroup analysis was performed in leiomyosarcomas (LMS), dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS), and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS).

Results:
This analysis defined subtype-specific ECM profiles including enrichment of basement membrane proteins in LMS and ECM proteases in UPS. Across the cohort, we identified three distinct coregulated ECM networks which are associated with tumor malignancy grade and histological subtype. Comparative analysis of LMS cell line and patient proteomic data identified the lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 cytoskeletal protein as a prognostic factor in LMS. Characterization of ECM network events in DDLPS revealed three subtypes with distinct oncogenic signaling pathways and survival outcomes. Evaluation of the DDLPS subtype with the poorest prognosis nominates ECM remodeling proteins as candidate antistromal therapeutic targets. Finally, we define a proteoglycan signature that is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in DDLPS and UPS.

Conclusions:
STS comprise heterogeneous ECM signaling networks and matrix-specific features that have utility for risk stratification and therapy selection, which could in future guide precision medicine in these rare cancers.
Nutritive value of feed substrate waste from black soldier fly larvae production, and its potential as an aquafeed ingredient
Authors: Thongprajukaew K. , Nuntapong N. , Pratumyot K. , Chaiseeda K. , Hahor W. , Waeowannajit S. , Meesin S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens) are an alternative source of protein whereas little research has yet been conducted to investigate the potential application of feed substrate waste (FSW) from larval production in aquaculture. The nutritive value and physicochemical properties of FSW from BSFL were here investigated in vitro. Ten-day-old first-instar larvae were cultivated on two feed substrates: laying hen feed (FS I) or a laying hen feed-rice bran blend (1:1 w/w, FS II). FSW samples were collected at day 4.5 (0.5FSW) and day 9 (1FSW) of larval rearing, and compared to the original feed substrate (0FSW). Crude protein increased depending on FS type, harvesting time (HT), and their interaction. Crude lipid, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude ash, nitrogen-free extract, and gross energy decreased (). Analysis of the physicochemical properties of FSW by various techniques (scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning colorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed qualitative and quantitative changes in FSW, driven by biological processes of BSFL. The digestibility of protein in FSW was determined by an in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) test using crude digestive enzyme extracts from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). 1FSW from FS I showed significantly better availability of protein relative to 0.5FSW (), while the IVPD of FSW from FS II was stable () or reduced (). Findings from this study suggest FSW from BSFL cultivation could be a protein source in aquafeed.
How Do Movement Parties Learn Lessons of Defeat in Taiwan? The Case of the Green Party Taiwan
Authors: Fell Dafydd , Peng Yen-wen , Wang Yan-han , Jhang JhuCin Rita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article we examine how Taiwan’s oldest movement party, the Green Party Taiwan, dealt with national electoral defeats in 2012, 2016, and 2020. We examine the theme of electoral defeat from three angles. First, we review the dominant post-defeat narratives that emerged to explain what went wrong in the campaigns. Second, we examine how these narratives guided the post-defeat reforms. Third, we consider whether the party can be said to have learned the right lessons of defeat. The analysis relies on a series of interviews with Green Party figures, party political communication material, and participant observation data.
Impact of Health and Non-health Inputs on Health Outcomes: A Comparative Study of South Asia, Southeast Asia, BRICS and ASEAN Regions
Authors: Das Tiken 
Published: May 2024

This study assessed the impact of health and non-health factors on crude death rate, infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth across 21 developing and emerging countries. Utilising panel regression and Z-score methods, it identified two country clusters based on the relationship between health input augmenting factors and health outcomes. Findings revealed variations in health outcomes among emerging countries like the Russian Federation, Brazil, China, and India compared to some developing countries. The study emphasised the significant role of health input augmenting factors and noted varied influences of socio-economic, environmental and health factors on health outcomes. Additionally, a notably stronger elasticity of health outcomes was observed concerning non-health determinants. JEL: I12; I13; I15