bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of multidimensional navigator echoes data from multielement RF coil
Authors: Liu Junmin , Drangova Maria 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUntil now, only one‐dimensional navigator‐echo techniques have been implemented with multielement RF coils. For the multidimensional navigator echoes, which extract six‐degree of freedom motion information from the raw k‐space data, an efficient raw data combination approach is needed. In this work, three combination approaches, including summation of the complex raw data, summation following phase alignment, and summation of the squares of the k‐space magnitude profiles, were evaluated with the spherical navigator echoes (SNAV) technique. In vivo brain imaging experiments were used to quantify accuracy and precision and demonstrated that SNAVs acquired with an eight‐channel head coil can determine the rotation and translation in range up to 10° and 20 mm with subdegree and submillimeter accuracy, respectively. Results from a 3D brain volume realignment experiment showed excellent agreement between baseline images and SNAV‐aligned follow‐up volumes. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of hydrophobically modified water‐soluble polyacrylamide conjugated with poly(oxyethylene)‐co‐poly(oxypropylene) surfactant as emulsifier
Authors: Atta Ayman A. , Al‐Shafy H. I. , Mohamed Zakaa M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (PAAm) was prepared by grafting PAAm with block copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide), PEO‐PPO‐PEO, by melt method in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The chemical structure of the graft copolymer was determined by FTIR and 1HNMR analyses. The surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and surface activities were determined at different temperatures. Surface parameters such as surface excess concentration (Γmax), the area per molecule at interface (Amin), and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (ΠCMC) were determined at different temperatures from the adsorption isotherms of the prepared surfactants. The prepared surfactant was tested as emulsifier for water with xylene, cyclohexane, or petroleum crude oil synthetic emulsions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyrogallic acid‐PLGA conjugate as new biodegradable material suitable for final sterilization by irradiation
Authors: Cilurzo Francesco , Puoci Francesco , Selmin Francesca , Iemma Francesca , Minghetti Paola 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the feasibility to prepare a biodegradable material stable to γ‐irradiation by grafting of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) with pyrogallic acid (PLGA‐g‐PA) and ferulic acid (PLGA‐g‐FA) in mild condition. Only the grafting procedure with PA did not modify molecular weight (Mw) of the starting polymer and PLGA‐g‐PA showed antioxidant properties. The polymer degradation in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was mainly governed by a random chain scission mechanism according to a first‐order reaction. The irradiation at the dose of 25 kGy caused only a very slight decrease of Mw and the degradation patterns of the non‐irradiated and irradiated material were superimposable. PLGA‐g‐PA resulted a promising material to develop biodegradable drug delivery systems which would be sterilizable in the final container. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maleated amorphous ethylene propylene compatibilized polyethylene nanocomposites: Room temperature nonlinear creep response
Authors: Shaito Ali , Fairbrother Debora , Sterling Jerry , D'Souza Nandika Anne 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNonlinear creep of polyethylene and its nanocomposites remains an area of significant interest. Maleated polyethylene is often used as a compatibilizer to ensure enhanced dispersion. This article investigates blown films of linear low‐density polyethylene and its nanocomposites with montmorillonite‐layered silicate (MLS). An amorphous ethylene propylene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride (amEP) was added to enhance the interaction between the PE and the MLS. Tensile results indicate that the addition of amEP and MLS separately and together produces a synergistic effect on the mechanical properties of the neat PE. Nonlinear creep was analyzed by examining creep and recovery of the films with a Burger model and the Kohlrausch‐Williams‐Watts relation. A consistent decrease in unrecoverable plastic strain was obtained in the nanocomposite samples. A decreased retardation time associated with MLS presence was determined. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1620–1632, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Oil palm microcomposites: Processing and mechanical behavior
Authors: Joseph Shaji , P.A. Sreekumar , Kenny Jose M. , Puglia Debora , Thomas Sabu , Joseph Kuruvilla 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe present work focuses on the effect of concentration and modifications of oil palm microfibrils in natural rubber. Increase in the concentration of microfibrils resulted in the reduction of tensile and tear strengths while an increase in modulus, hardness, and abrasion resistance of composites. The extent of microfibril orientation in the composite was determined from green strength measurements. Microcomposites were also prepared by using fibrils treated with benzoyl chloride, silane coupling agent, and hydrated silica‐resorcinol‐hexamethylenetetramine bonding agent. The treated and untreated microfibrils were characterized by FTIR. Scanning electron micrograph studies were carried out to analyze the microfibril pull out and fiber/matrix adhesion of composites. The extent of fiber alignment and interfacial adhesion were analyzed from swelling measurements. Finally, experimental results of mechanical properties were compared with the theoretical predictions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1853–1863, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Homoaromaticity in aza‐ and phosphasemibullvalenes. A computational study
Authors: Greve Daniel R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe enthalpies of activation ΔH‡ for the Cope rearrangement in several aza‐ and phosphasemibullvalenes have been investigated by MP4/cc‐pVDZ//MP2/cc‐pVDZ and CCSD(T)/cc‐pVDZ//MP2/cc‐pVDZ calculations. One tetraazasemibullvalene and several phosphasemibullvalenes were found to have vanishing ΔH‡ values, which together with calculated large negative Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) values and geometrical data show that these molecules have delocalized and bishomoaromatic minima. Furthermore, three azasemibullvalenes were found to have small ΔH‡ values (≤2 kcal/mol) combined with large negative NICS, suggesting that they could also have bishomoaromatic minima. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective enhanced electrochemical response of DNA bases on carbon nanotube–gold nanocomposites modified gold electrode
Authors: Zhang Renyun , Wang Xuemei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, multi‐walled carbon nanotube–gold (MWCNT–Au) nanocomposites have been synthesized by using one‐step method, where gold nanoparticles were deposited on the sidewall of multiwalled carbon nanotubes directly and orderly. By combination of these MWCNT–Au nanocomposites with electrochemical biosensing, our study indicates that the modification of gold electrode with these nanocomposites could remarkably enhance the electrochemical response of DNA bases and extends the application of relevant electrodes. It is noted that the selective enhancement effect of DNA bases was related to the special interaction of different bases with the nanointerface and the large effective surface area of this modified electrode. Especially, the pyrimidine bases' signal has been enhanced for several times at the MWCNT–Au nanocomposites modified electrodes than that of the carbon nanotube modified electrodes, suggesting that the MWCNT–Au nanocomposite modified gold electrodes could selectively and sensitively recognize the pyrimidine from other bases in DNA related determinations. magnified image
Electrochemical detection of DNA bases based on MWCNT–Au nanocomposites modified gold electrode.
Proposals of statistical consideration to evaluation of results for a specific region in multi‐regional trials – Asian perspective
Authors: Tsou Hsiao‐Hui , Chow Shein‐Chung , Lan K. K. Gordon , Liu Jen‐pei , Wang Mey , Chern Herng‐Der , Ho Low‐Tone , Hsiung Chao A. , Hsiao Chin‐Fu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn recent years, global collaboration has become a conventional strategy for new drug development. To accelerate the development process and to shorten approval time, the design of multi‐regional trials incorporates subjects from many countries around the world under the same protocol. After showing the overall efficacy of a drug in all global regions, one can also simultaneously evaluate the possibility of applying the overall trial results to all regions and subsequently support drug registration in each of them. Recently, the trend for simultaneous clinical development in Asian countries being undertaken simultaneously with clinical trials conducted in Europe and the United States has been rapidly rising. In this paper, proposals of statistical consideration to multi‐regional trials are provided. More specifically, three aspects are addressed: the definition of the ‘Asian region,’ the consistency criterion between the ‘Asian region’ and the overall regions, and the sample size determination for the multi‐regional trial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On assessing the presence of evaluation‐time bias in progression‐free survival in randomized trials
Authors: Kay Richard , Wu Jane , Wittes Janet 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEvaluation (or assessment)–time bias can arise in oncology trials that study progression‐free survival (PFS) when randomized groups have different patterns of timing of assessments. Modelling or computer simulation is sometimes used to explore the extent of such bias; valid results require building such simulations under realistic assumptions concerning the timing of assessments. This paper considers a trial that used a logrank test where computer simulations were based on unrealistic assumptions that severely overestimated the extent of potential bias. The paper shows that seemingly small differences in assumptions can lead to dramatic differences in the apparent operating characteristics of logrank tests. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reference regions for beat‐to‐beat ECG data
Authors: Crimin Kimberly S. , Emerson John W. , Muirhead Robb J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe QT interval is regarded as an important biomarker for the assessment of arrhythmia liability, and evidence of QT prolongation has led to the withdrawal and relabeling of numerous compounds. Traditional methods of assessing QT prolongation correct the QT interval for the length of the RR interval (which varies inversely with heart‐rate) in a variety of ways. These methods often disagree with each other and do not take into account changes in autonomic state. Correcting the QT interval for RR reduces a bivariate observation (RR, QT) to a univariate observation (QTc). The development of automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition systems has made it possible to collect continuous (so called ‘beat‐to‐beat’) ECG data. ECG data collected prior to administration of a compound allow us to define a region for (RR, QT) values that encompasses typical activity. Such reference regions are used in clinical applications to define the ‘normal’ region of clinical or laboratory measurements.This paper motivates the need for reference regions of (RR, QT) values from beat‐to‐beat ECG data, and describes a way of constructing these. We introduce a measure of agreement between two reference regions that points to the reliability of 12‐lead digital Holter data. We discuss the use of reference regions in establishing baselines for ECG parameters to assist in the evaluation of cardiac risk and illustrate using data from two methodological studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ability of hydroxysafflor yellow a to attenuate lipopolysaccharide‐induced pulmonary inflammatory injury in mice
Authors: Sun Chun‐Yan , Pei Chong‐qiang , Zang Bao‐Xia , Wang Lin , Jin Ming 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a component of the flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. The present study investigated whether HSYA could attenuate acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Male Kunming mice were pretreated with HSYA 0.5 h prior to intraperitoneal application of LPS. Arterial blood gas, lung water content index, lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, NF‐κBp65, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and pathological changes in lung morphology were assessed. After LPS administration, all animals displayed increased arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), and decreased arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SO2), HCO3− concentration and pH, which were ameliorated by pretreating the animals with HSYA. HSYA administration significantly attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and alleviated pulmonary edema induced by LPS. Moreover, HSYA decreased NF‐κB p65 nuclear translocation, inhibited proinflammatory cytokine TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 mRNA expression and promoted antiinflammatory cytokine IL‐10 gene expression following LPS injection. Pulmonary p38 MAPK phosphorylation was upregulated 4 h after LPS treatment, which could be suppressed by pretreatment with HSYA. These findings demonstrated the protective effect of HSYA against LPS‐induced acute lung injury, which is suggested to be associated with the inhibition of p38 MAPK, NF‐κB p65 activation and alteration of inflammatory cytokine expression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of positive effect of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) on fracture healing in osteopenic rodent model
Authors: Kolios Leila , Daub Florian , Sehmisch Stephan , Frosch Karl‐Heinz , Tezval Mohammed , Stuermer Klaus Michael , Wuttke Wolfgang , Stuermer Ewa Klara 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe healing of predominantly metaphyseal fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis is delayed and comparatively poor. Due to the potential side effects of HRT, natural alternatives are appealing. The aim of this study was to determine whether Cimicifuga racemosa extract BNO 1055 improves metaphyseal fracture healing in severe osteopenic bone in rats.Thirty‐three 12‐week‐old female rats developed severe osteopenia during 10 weeks after ovariectomy. After metaphyseal tibial‐osteotomy and standardized T‐plate‐osteosynthesis, the healing periods in ovariectomized rats (C), 17‐α‐estradiol (E) and Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) supplemented diets were assessed for 35 days. Changes in callus morphology were evaluated qualitatively by biomechanical testing and quantitatively in microradiographies and fluorochrome‐labeled histological sections.The CR‐supplementation slightly improved callus quality and trabecular bone formation. It significantly enhanced the endosteal callus density compared to C group (Cl.Dn.e C: 59.08 ± 21.89, E: 45.95 ± 18.39, CR: 60.85 ± 18.66*), though most of the other morphological parameters examined showed no improvement. The time course of fracture healing did not change due to CR. Estrogen‐supplementation enhanced the biomechanical properties of the fracture site. Trabecular bone was improved indicating the physiological endosteal healing process.The CR‐supplementation did not exhibit positive effects in severe (senile) osteopenic fracture healing as seen in early (postmenopausal) osteoporosis in rats. Callus formation was slightly improved under CR. Estrogen improved fracture healing in severe osteopenic bone, while the extent of callus formation played a minor role. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
7,3′‐dimethoxy hesperetin induces apoptosis of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis through caspase 3 activation
Authors: Li Rong , Cai Li , Xie Xue‐feng , Peng Lei , Li Jun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractApproaches inducing fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have been considered as a promising strategy for treating RA. Here, adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rat was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant and FLS were separated and cultured using a tissue explant cultivation method. The apoptotic effect of 7,3′‐dimethoxy hesperetin (DMHP, a highly antirheumatic active derivative of hesperidin) on AA FLS was evaluated with MTT assay, Hoechst staining and flow cytometry analysis. Bcl‐2, Bax, caspase 3 gene expressions and caspase 3 activity were assayed to identify whether caspase 3 was involved in the apoptosis induced by DMHP. It was found that DMHP significantly decreased AA FLS proliferation in vitro by MTT assay. The AA FLS treated with DMHP displayed typical apoptotic characteristics including irregularity in shape, nuclear shrinkage and chromatin condensation. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that DMHP could obviously increase the AA FLS apoptosis rate. Compared with the AA‐FLS control group, DMHP markedly decreased the mRNA expression of Bcl‐2, whereas those of Bax and caspase 3 were increased. Moreover, DMHP significantly increased caspase 3 activity in a dose‐dependent manner. In aggregate, the results demonstrate that DMHP effectively induces AA FLS apoptosis through caspase 3 activation and can be considered as a possible antirheumatic agent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Chlorophytum arundinaceum, Asparagus adscendens and Asparagus racemosus on pro‐inflammatory cytokine and corticosterone levels produced by stress
Authors: Kanwar Anubha Singh , Bhutani Kamlesh Kumar 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChlorophytum arundinaceum, Asparagus adscendens and Asparagus racemosus are used in the Indian traditional system of medicine for improving the general state of health and for stress‐related immune disorders. The effects of the methanol and aqueous extracts of the tuberous roots of these plants were examined in an experimental mouse model of stress, induced by swimming. The extracts were shown to exert an inhibitory effect on pro‐inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin 1β and tumour necrosis factor α, and on the production of nitric oxide in mouse macrophage cells RAW 264.7 stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in vitro. Similar inhibition was also observed in the production of interleukin 2 in EL 4 lymphoma cells stimulated by concanavalin A. Corticosterone levels in serum and adrenal glands were measured. The findings suggest that these plants may be beneficial in the management of stress and inflammatory conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiangiogenic phytochemicals and medicinal herbs
Authors: Jeong Soo‐Jin , Koh Wonil , Lee Eun‐Ok , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Bae Hyunsu , Lü Junxuan , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMedicinal herbs and their phytochemicals are potential novel leads for developing antiangiogenic drugs. This review aims to assess the current status of research with medicinal herbs and their phytochemicals for the development of antiangiogenic agents for cancer and other angiogenesis‐related diseases including inflammation, diabetic retinopathy, endometriosis and obesity. Most studies reviewed have focused on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) signaling for endothelial response processes and have led to the identification of many potential antiangiogenic agents. Since human clinical trials with antiangiogenic modalities targeting VEGF/VEGFR‐2 signaling have shown limited efficacy and occasional toxic side effects, screening strategies for herbal phytochemicals based on other signaling pathways important for cancer‐endothelial and stromal crosstalks should be emphasized in the future. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An automated method for ‘clumped‐isotope’ measurements on small carbonate samples
Authors: Schmid Thomas W. , Bernasconi Stefano M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractClumped‐isotope geochemistry deals with the state of ordering of rare isotopes in molecules, in particular with their tendency to form bonds with other rare isotopes rather than with the most abundant ones. Among its possible applications, carbonate clumped‐isotope thermometry is the one that has gained most attention because of the wide potential of applications in many disciplines of earth sciences. Clumped‐isotope thermometry allows reconstructing the temperature of formation of carbonate minerals without knowing the isotopic composition of the water from which they were formed. This feature enables new approaches in paleothermometry. The currently published method is, however, limited by sample weight requirements of 10–15 mg and because measurements are performed manually. In this paper we present a new method using an automated sample preparation device coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The method is based on the repeated analysis (n = 6–8) of 200 µg aliquots of sample material and completely automated measurements. In addition, we propose to use precisely calibrated carbonates spanning a wide range in Δ47 instead of heated gases to correct for isotope effects caused by the source of the mass spectrometer, following the principle of equal treatment of the samples and standards. We present data for international standards (NBS 19 and LSVEC) and different carbonates formed at temperatures exceeding 600°C to show that precisions in the range of 10 to 15 ppm (1 SE) can be reached for repeated analyses of a single sample. Finally, we discuss and validate the correction procedure based on high‐temperature carbonates instead of heated gases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a uromodulin fragment for diagnosis of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Wu Jie , Wang Na , Wang Jie , Xie Yuansheng , Li Yan , Liang Tingting , Wang Jianzhong , Yin Zhong , He Kun , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common types of glomerulonephritis worldwide and is diagnosed only with a renal biopsy. The purpose of the present studies was to identify the potential biomarkers for the non‐invasive diagnosis of IgAN. The combination of a magnetic bead separation system with matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) was used to analyze urinary peptides of IgAN patients, other glomerulopathy patients, and healthy controls. ClinProTools v.2.0 software was also applied to establish a diagnostic model for IgAN. Our results demonstrated that 11 features had optimal discriminatory performance (p <0.00001). Among these features, the peptide with m/z 1913.14 was identified as a fragment of uromodulin. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for m/z 1913.14 showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.998 for distinguishing IgAN versus healthy controls, and 0.815 for distinguishing IgAN versus other glomerulopathy. Analysis of urine peptides patterns by the magnetic bead separation system and MALDI‐TOF‐MS was a non‐invasive diagnostic tool. We conclude that the urinary peptide with m/z 1913.14, which was identified as a uromodulin fragment, may be used as a biomarker for the non‐invasive diagnosis of IgAN clinically. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.