bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender expression and group size: a test in a hermaphroditic and a gonochoric congeneric species of Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta)
Authors: Schleicherova D. , Lorenzi M. C. , Sella G. , Michiels N. K. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARY
Hermaphroditism and gonochorism are two contrasting forms of sexuality. Hermaphroditic species are generally seen as species adapted to conditions of low density, stabilized by poor mate search efficiency and high costs of searching. They can adjust allocation of reproductive resources to each sex function in response to current social conditions, making reproduction more efficient, at least in principle. By contrast, gonochorism (separate sexes) is advantageous when mates are frequent, making it ineffective to maintain two sex functions in a single individual. This, however, also rules out the need for a flexible response to mating opportunities as known for hermaphrodites. In the hermaphroditic marine polychaete worm Ophryotrocha diadema we showed earlier that group size is assessed through a chemical cue. In this study we verified the accuracy of the response to gradients of the chemical cue used to assess group size by O. diadema by checking reduction in egg production as the group of partners increases, as expected according to sex allocation theory. Furthermore we compared the effect of such a gradient with a similar gradient in a closely related gonochoric species (O. labronica). Here sex allocation adjustment is not predicted, thus an adaptive change in egg production in response to group-size cues is not expected. In fact, our results show that the group-size effect only occurs in O. diadema and not in O. labronica. Moreover, our study provides evidence of high perceptual abilities of chemical cues in O. diadema, suggesting that perceiving social cues and adjusting sex allocation appropriately are special properties of hermaphrodites.
A randomized controlled trial of a feedback method for improving empathic accuracy in psychotherapy
Authors: Sripada Bhaskar N. , Henry David B. , Jobe Thomas H. , Winer Jerome A. , Schoeny Michael E. , Gibbons Robert D. 
Published: April 2010

Objectives. To develop and evaluate a feedback method for reducing empathic errors in psychotherapy. Design. Randomized controlled trial conducted in a university‐affiliated out‐patient psychiatric clinic. Methods. Sixteen non‐psychotic patients treated for Axis I disorders by 12 psychiatry residents were randomly assigned to intervention and control conditions. In both conditions, at the end of each session, patients rated their own functioning on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, and therapists predicted patients' ratings. Patients predicted their therapist's accuracy and therapists rated their confidence in their own predictions. In the intervention condition, therapists and patients reviewed their respective ratings from the previous session together. In the control condition, ratings were given directly to the investigator without being reviewed by either patients or therapists. Results. Therapists in the intervention condition showed greater overall accuracy than controls as well as evidence of increasing empathy later in therapy on the Barrett‐Lennard empathy subscale. Patients in the control group perceived their therapists as significantly more or less accurate than was warranted according to the accuracy measure (over‐/under‐idealization). Therapists in the control group were more likely than those in the intervention group to overestimate their own accuracy (overconfidence). Affective responses to the instrument were positive overall and did not differ by condition. Conclusion. An intervention such as the one tested in this study may be a practical and useful method for improving accuracy of understanding in a variety of training and clinical settings.
A Family Study of Adult Twins with and without a History of Childhood Abuse: Stability of Retrospective Reports of Maltreatment and Associated Family Measures
Authors: Nelson Elliot C. , Lynskey Michael T. , Heath Andrew C. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) and physical abuse (CPA) are well-established risk-factors for a wide of range of proximal and distal outcomes. The lack of availability of an optimal design for examining abuse and its consequences has resulted in the use of various approaches, each having its own limitations. We describe the Childhood Trauma Study, which ascertained families from a large young adult Australian twin cohort on the basis of twins' responses to screening questions assessing CSA and CPA. We report data from 3407 participants including twins, non-twin siblings, and their parents. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of using a comprehensive assessment to evaluate retrospective history of childhood abuse in an adult sample. We observed that risk for each form of abuse increased incrementally with the number of parents with alcohol problems. Psychometric properties of our measures of CSA and CPA including reasonable long-term stability, construct validity, and evidence of familial corroboration compare favorably with those of other reports in which samples were considerably younger and assessments were repeated over shorter intervals.
No Evidence that Social Desirability Response Set Explains the General Factor of Personality and Its Affective Correlates
Authors: Rushton J. Philippe , Erdle Stephen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn two studies, the General Factor of Personality (GFP) remained intact after controlling for the Lie scale from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, despite the Lie Scale showing significant correlations with the GFP defining traits. In Study 1, a re-analysis of 29 self-ratings from 322 pairs of twins (644 individuals) yielded a GFP both before and after controlling for social desirability. In Study 2, four measures of affect in 133 university students loaded on a GFP both before and after controlling for social desirability such that those high on the GFP were high in self-esteem and positive affect and low in depression and negative affect. These results join those from other studies failing to find evidence that the GFP is merely an artifact of evaluative bias.
Beitrag der Durchflusszytometrie zur Diagnose und Differentialdiagnose der Thrombozytopenie / Contribution of flow cytometry to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mauerer Richard , Gruber Rudolf 
Published: April 2010

Zusammenfassung
Thrombozytopenien sind häufig und werden nicht nur bei Patienten mit klinischer Blutungsneigung, sondern auch bei der labordiagnostischen Abklärung anderer Erkrankungen oder bei Routineuntersuchungen klinisch gesunder Personen als Zufallsbefund gefunden. Die Ermittlung der Ursache der Thrombopenie ist daher von essentieller Bedeutung. Labordiagnostisch steht dafür ein breites Angebot unterschiedlicher analytischer Methoden zur Verfügung. Ein großer Vorteil der Durchflusszytometrie besteht darin, dass nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Menge Patientenprobe benötigt wird, was vor allem bei der Abklärung ausgeprägt thrombopenischer oder pädiatrischer Proben eine Rolle spielt. Aus diesem Grund wird auch die immunologische Bestimmung der Thrombozytenzahl am Durchflusszytometer derzeit als Referenzmethode empfohlen, um eine exakte und möglicherweise therapieentscheidende Quantifizierung sehr niedriger Thrombozytenzahlen zu erreichen. Auch die Differenzierung Thrombozytenbildungsstörung vs. Verbrauch durch die Bestimmung unreifer Plättchen ist eine etablierte Methode, welche durch die routinemäßige Verfügbarkeit dieses Parameters an modernen Blutbildautomaten an Bedeutung gewinnen wird. Eine weitere Anwendung der Durchflusszytometrie besteht im Nachweis von immunologisch vermittelten Thrombopenien, wobei die Antikörper wie bei der Autoimmunthrombopenie gegen Glykoproteine der Thrombozytenoberfläche oder wie bei der Heparin-induzierten Thrombopenie (HIT) gegen einen Komplex aus Heparin und Plättchenfaktor 4 gerichtet sein können. Darüber hinaus kommen durchflusszytometrische Assays auch in der Abklärung der seltenen kongenitalen Thrombopenien zum Einsatz. Beim Bernard-Soulier-Syndrom sichern sie die Diagnose, bei anderen Erkrankungen können sie zumindest den Weg für eine weiterführende Diagnostik weisen.
Auf die Möglichkeiten der Durchflusszytometrie bei der Abklärung von Leukämien und Lymphomen, die durch verdrängende Prozesse im Knochenmark häufig zu einer Thrombopenie führen, wird in diesem Beitrag nicht eingegangen.
Überwachung der Clopidogrel-Therapie mit Hilfe der Mehrfach-Elektroden Plättchen-Aggregometrie / Monitoring of clopidogrel treatment by multiple electrode platelet aggregometry
Authors: Behr Tobias , Behr Werner , von Scheidt Wolfgang 
Published: April 2010

Zusammenfassung
Mangelndes Ansprechen auf Clopidogrel ist eine Hauptursache für Komplikationen nach Implantation eines Koronarstents. Mehrfach-Elektroden Plättchen-Aggregometrie (MEA) mit Hilfe des Multiplate®-Systems scheint eine geeignete Methode für die Kontrolle der Clopidogrel-Therapie zu sein. Wir validierten die Methode, indem wir MEA-Messungen aus Hirudinblut bei folgenden Gruppen durchführten: 150 gesunde Testpersonen, um die MEA-Referenzbereiche festzulegen; 75 hämatologische Patienten mit Anämie/Thrombopenie, um den Einfluss von Hämatokrit (Hk) und Thrombozytenzahl auf die MEA-Werte zu bestimmen; 1005 Patienten nach perkutaner Koronarintervention (PCI) und Verabreichung einer 600 mg-Clopidogrel-loading-dose, um die Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse unter klinischen Bedingungen zu testen. Unterschiedliche Methoden bei Blutgewinnung und Transport beeinflussen die MEA-Werte nicht, wenn die Probe vor der Messung 30 Minuten ruhig liegt. Die Analyse muss innerhalb von 3 Stunden nach Blutentnahme erfolgen. Bei Patienten mit einem Hk ≤0,30 L/L oder Thrombozyten ≤100/nL sind keine zuverlässigen Ergebnisse möglich. Ein Ansprechen auf Clopidogrel ist anzunehmen, wenn der ADP-Wert den unteren Referenzbereich (Männer: 32 U, Frauen: 46 U) unterschreitet. Da die Clopidogrel-loading-dose auch zur Abnahme des Thrombin-Rezeptor-Activating Peptid (TRAP)-Wertes führt, kann der Responder-Status nur eindeutig festgelegt werden, wenn der TRAP-Wert >20 U und das TRAP/ADP-Verhältnis >3 sind. Das Clopidogrel-Monitoring sollte in den ersten 24 Stunden nach PCI erfolgen, auch wenn ca. 12% der Ergebnisse unklar sind und kontrolliert werden müssen. Zusammenfassend ist die MEA-Messung bei Beachtung der präanalytischen Bedingungen und des Blutbildes eine geeignete Methode, um eine Clopidogrel-Response zu erkennen. Um eine valide Beurteilung zu gewährleisten, sollte der TRAP-Test gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden.
Standardisierung von Laborergebnissen: Ergebnisquotient / Standardization of laboratory results: quotient reporting
Authors: Haeckel Rainer , Wosniok Werner , Hoffmann Georg ,   aus den Arbeitsgruppen Richtwerte (Sprecher: Eberhard Gurr) und Bioinformatik (Sprecher: Georg Hoffmann) der DGKL
Published: April 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Vergleichbarkeit von quantitativen Ergebnissen aus verschiedenen Laboratorien ist trotz erheblicher Bemühungen vieler wissenschaftlicher Fachgesellschaften um Standardisierung noch unbefriedigend. Als Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Situation hat die Arbeitsgruppe „Richtwerte“ der DGKL frühere Vorschläge einer z-Transformation aufgegriffen und diese mit einer Skalenverschiebung und Umskalierung der biologischen Standardabweichung kombiniert nach dem Modell des Intelligenz-Quotienten. Ergebnisquotienten sollten zusammen mit den konventionellen Ergebnissen im Befundbericht ausgegeben werden, wie an einigen Beispielen mit einer farblichen Kodierung demonstriert wird.
Specific Gravity of Expansive Chromium Ore Processing Residue with Complex Microstructure
Authors: Millspaugh Andrew M. , Tinjum James M. , Boecher Timothy A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Specific gravity tests were performed on chromium ore processing residue (COPR), an expansive industrial byproduct of the historical processing of chromite ore, to determine if the complexity and heterogeneity of the particle microstructure may cause erroneous specific gravity results using ASTM D854-06 Method B as the baseline procedure. In complex, reactive industrial residuals such as COPR, specific gravity is an important indicator of the extent of weathering that has occurred. Specific gravity for weathered hard-brown (HB) COPR significantly differs from that of unweathered gray-black (GB) COPR, and laboratory testing can indicate the position of COPR along the GB to HB pathway. The difference between a “true” and an “apparent” specific gravity that accounts for the inclusion of closed pores was determined. Oven-drying of COPR at the ASTM standard temperature of 110±5°C does not cause mineral dehydration to affect specific gravity results. The apparent (avg.=3.146) and true (avg.=3.355) specific gravities of GB COPR are statistically different and should be reported as such. Pre-processing of GB COPR by mechanical grinding is necessary to open intraparticle voids, determined to be 6.2 % by volume, to the atmosphere and thus approach the true specific gravity.
Evaluation of the Critical Air-Void System Parameters for Freeze-Thaw Resistant Ternary Concrete Using the Manual Point-Count and the Flatbed Scanner Methods
Authors: Radlinski Mateusz , Olek Jan , Zhang Qinghuan , Peterson Karl 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This research was conducted to verify whether the semi-automatic method of air-void system characterization (using a flatbed scanner) could be used in lieu of the manual (ASTM C457) method. This research objective was accompanied by evaluating the critical air-void system parameters required to ensure freeze-thaw resistance of ternary concrete containing ordinary portland cement (OPC), 20 % of fly ash (FA), and 5 % of silica fume (SF). It was observed that, due to adverse effect of high superplasticizer dosage on air-void system quality (particularly on specific surface), the majority of high slump ternary mixtures exhibited poor freeze-thaw resistance, even if spacing factor was below the 0.20 mm recommended value. However, when the ternary mixtures were prepared with slump below the limit commonly specified for bridge deck applications (190 mm), the critical air-void system parameters of the OPC/FA/SF concrete were comparable to those typically associated with adequate quality air-void system in conventional concrete. Furthermore, since the critical value of specific surface was independent of slump (i.e., superplasticizer dosage), specific surface appeared to be more objective and reliable predictor of freeze-thaw resistance than spacing factor. When comparing the semi-automatic and manual methods of air-void system characterization, a reasonably strong agreement was obtained for such parameters as air content, void frequency, and spacing factor. Although the results of these methods did not match perfectly, the data suggested that the flatbed scanner technique could be efficiently used for discerning between freeze-thaw durable and non-durable concretes.
A Short‐Term Evaluation of Nd:YAG Laser as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Periodontal Inflammation
Authors: Qadri Talat , Poddani Pavlina , Javed Fawad , Tunér Jan , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: April 2010

Background: This split‐mouth, single‐masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial compares the short‐term outcomes of a combined treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP) and neodymium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Nd:YAG)–laser irradiation with treatment with SRP alone.Methods: Thirty patients were recruited. The mandibular left or right side was randomly assigned as the test side (SRP with laser treatment) or control side (SRP alone). The water‐cooled Nd:YAG laser was used at 4 W, 80 mJ/pulse, 50 Hz, and with a pulse width of 350 μs. At baseline, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were taken from the test and control sides, and levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 and interleukin (IL)‐1β, ‐4, ‐6, and ‐8 were measured using standard techniques. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were measured by calibrated examiners.Results: At the 1‐week follow‐up, PD (P <0.001), PI (P <0.05), and GCF volume (P <0.001) showed significant improvement on test sides compared to control sides. At the 3‐month follow‐up, PD (P <0.01), PI (P <0.01), GI (P <0.01), and GCF volume (P <0.05) also showed significant improvement on test sides compared to control sides. At the 1‐week follow up, IL‐1β and MMP‐8 levels were significantly reduced on test sides compared to control sides. The 3‐month follow‐up confirmed that the improvements on test sites had been sustained compared to the treatment outcomes of control sites.Conclusion: In the short‐term, SRP in combination with a single application of a water‐cooled Nd:YAG laser significantly improves clinical signs associated with periodontal inflammation compared to treatment with SRP alone.
Compliance as a Prognostic Indicator. II. Impact of Patient's Compliance to the Individual Tooth Survival
Authors: Miyamoto Takanari , Kumagai Takashi , Lang Melissa S. , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: April 2010

Background: Existing evidence concerning the validity of an appropriate regular periodontal maintenance (PM) regimen and the role of patient compliance is controversial and inconsistent. The objectives of this study are to identify the impact of patient compliance (complete versus erratic) on alveolar bone loss and tooth survival.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data from 295 patients with ≥20 years of observation, which included treatment and ≥15 years of maintenance therapy, in a private practice in Yamagata, Japan. Subject‐level variables and tooth‐level variables were recorded at the initial visit, the reevaluation visit, and the final visit. In total, 7,502 teeth in 295 subjects met inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups: non‐molar teeth (n = 5,585) and molar teeth (n = 1,917). A tooth‐level multivariate survival model and multiple logistic regression model using the method of generalized estimating equations were constructed to analyze the effects of compliance and periodontal maintenance intervals on tooth loss and alveolar bone loss, respectively.Results: Of 7,502 teeth, 284 molar teeth and 364 non‐molar teeth were lost. Molar teeth had an approximately 30% reduction in risk of tooth loss for complete compliance, with 2‐year compliance classification achieving statistical significance (P = 0.033), and 30% compliance classification approaching statistical significance (P = 0.072). Complete compliers under 30% compliance classification showed over 50% reduction in the risk of alveolar bone loss among non‐molars (P = 0.015).Conclusion: Complete patient compliance with increased frequency of periodontal maintenance is important for improved dental prognosis through reduction of tooth loss among molars and minimization of alveolar bone loss among non‐molars.
Race and Distance Effects on Regular Syringe Exchange Program Use and Injection Risks: A Geobehavioral Analysis
Authors: Williams Chyvette T. , Metzger David S. 
Published: April 2010

Objectives. We conducted “geobehavioral” analyses by race to understand how distances among injection drug users' (IDUs') residences, drug purchase and use locations, and syringe exchange programs (SEPs) are associated with injection behaviors. Methods. Data were from the HIV Prevention Trial Network 037 (2002–2006) site in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a randomized study evaluating the efficacy of a network-oriented HIV prevention intervention for IDUs. At prescreening, participants were asked the nearest intersections to their residence, where they buy and use drugs, and about their injection behaviors. Results. Geographic distances had independent and interactive effects on injection risk behaviors and SEP use. Blacks, regardless of distance, were less likely than Whites to inject in public places (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43, 0.90), to use syringes after someone else (OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.38), and to access syringes from SEPs (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.48, 2.92). Latinos' injection behaviors were more distance-dependent than Blacks' or Whites'. Conclusions. Distances among IDUs' homes, drug purchase and injecting sites, and prevention resources affected safe injection practices differentially by race. Understanding individuals' geographic relation to the risks and resources that surround them is an important aspect of understanding effects of the environment on health and behavior and the development of targeted interventions.
Pervasive Trauma Exposure Among US Sexual Orientation Minority Adults and Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Roberts Andrea L. , Austin S. Bryn , Corliss Heather L. , Vandermorris Ashley K. , Koenen Karestan C. 
Published: April 2010

Objectives. We assessed sexual orientation disparities in exposure to violence and other potentially traumatic events and onset of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a representative US sample. Methods. We used data from 34 653 noninstitutionalized adult US residents from the 2004 to 2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Results. Lesbians and gay men, bisexuals, and heterosexuals who reported any same-sex sexual partners over their lifetime had greater risk of childhood maltreatment, interpersonal violence, trauma to a close friend or relative, and unexpected death of someone close than did heterosexuals with no same-sex attractions or partners. Risk of onset of PTSD was higher among lesbians and gays (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34, 3.06), bisexuals (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.38, 3.29), and heterosexuals with any same-sex partners (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.54, 2.74) than it was among the heterosexual reference group. This higher risk was largely accounted for by sexual orientation minorities’ greater exposure to violence, exposure to more potentially traumatic events, and earlier age of trauma exposure. Conclusions. Profound sexual orientation disparities exist in risk of PTSD and in violence exposure, beginning in childhood. Our findings suggest there is an urgent need for public health interventions aimed at preventing violence against individuals with minority sexual orientations and providing follow-up care to cope with the sequelae of violent victimization.
Evaluation of a Voluntary Menu-Labeling Program in Full-Service Restaurants
Authors: Pulos Elizabeth , Leng Kirsten 
Published: April 2010

Objectives. We assessed whether labeling restaurant menus with information on the nutrient content of menu items would cause customers to alter their ordering patterns. Methods. Six full-service restaurants in Pierce County, Washington, added nutrition information to their menus, and they provided data on entrée sales for 30 days before and 30 days after the information was added. We assessed the prelabeling versus postlabeling difference in nutrient content of entrées sold, and we surveyed restaurant patrons about whether they noticed the nutrition information and used it in their ordering. Results. The average postlabeling entrée sold contained about 15 fewer calories, 1.5 fewer grams of fat, and 45 fewer milligrams of sodium than did the average entrée sold before labeling. Seventy-one percent of patrons reported noticing the nutrition information; 20.4% reported ordering an entrée lower in calories as a result, and 16.5% reported ordering an entrée lower in fat as a result. Conclusions. The concentration of calorie reduction among 20.4% of patrons means that each calorie-reducing patron ordered about 75 fewer calories than they did before labeling. Thus, providing nutrition information on restaurant menus may encourage a subset of restaurant patrons to significantly alter their food choices.