bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Relatives of Nursing Home Residents Toward Physical Restraints
Authors: Haut Antonie , Kolbe Nina , Strupeit Steve , Mayer Herbert , Meyer Gabriele 
Published: March 2010

Abstract Purpose: Attitudes of nursing home staff, residents, and their relatives determine the decision‐making process about the use of physical restraints. Knowledge of staffs’ attitudes toward physical restraints is sparse; even less is known about relatives’ attitudes. Therefore, we surveyed relatives’ attitudes and opinions toward physical restraints and compared the results to a survey of nursing home staff. Design: Cross‐sectional survey comparing 177 nursing home residents’ relatives from 13 German facilities in 2008 to 258 nursing home nurses from 25 German facilities in 2007. Methods: The German version of the Maastricht Attitude Questionnaire was administered. Part I contains 22 items with three subscales (reasons, consequences, and appropriateness of restraints); Part II contains 16 items evaluating restrictiveness and discomfort of restraint measures, respectively. Descriptive and explorative inferential statistics were used for data analyses. Findings: Response rate in both samples was above 90%. Mean age was 62 years (SD 12.60; range 24–93) in relatives and 44 years (SD 11.40; range 19–65) in nurses; 72% and 82% were female, respectively. Relatives assess physical restraints a little more positively compared to nurses, with an average of 3.40 (SD 0.60) versus 3.07 (SD 0.48) on a 5‐point scale (5=strongly positive attitude). Relatives assess physical restraints as slightly less restrictive, with 2.11 (SD 0.33), and as less discomforting, with 2.10 (SD 0.38) points, compared to nursing staff, who assess the restraints’ restrictiveness with 2.19 (SD 0.29) points and its discomfort with 2.17 (SD 0.32) on a 3‐point scale (3=very restrictive/discomforting). Both groups consider wrist and ankle belts as most restrictive and uncomfortable, while sensor mats, infrared systems, and unilateral bedrails were rated as the lowest for restrictiveness and discomfort. Conclusions: Attitudes of nursing home residents’ relatives toward physical restraints are rather positive and generally comparable with nursing home staffs’ attitudes. Clinical Relevance: Interventions aimed to reduce physical restraints need to include education of both staff and relatives of nursing home residents.
The Future of a Discipline: Considering the ontological/methodological future of the anthropology of consciousness, Part I†
Authors: SCHROLL MARK A. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTCalling for an expanded framework of EuroAmerican science's methodology whose perspective acknowledges both quantitative/etic and qualitative/emic orientations is the broad focus of this article. More specifically this article argues that our understanding of shamanic and/or other related states of consciousness has been greatly enhanced through ethnographic methods, yet in their present form these methods fail to provide the means to fully comprehend these states. They fail, or are limited, because this approach is only a “cognitive interpretation” or “metanarrative” of the actual experience and not the experience itself. Consequently this perspective is also limited because the researcher continues to assess his or her data through the lens of their symbolic constructs, thereby preventing them from truly experiencing shamanic and psi/spirit approaches to knowing since the data collection process does not “in and of itself” affect the observer. We, therefore, need expanded ethnographic methods that include within their approaches an understanding of methods and techniques to experientially encounter these states of consciousness—and become transformed by them. Our becoming transformed and then recollecting our ethnoautobiographical experiences is the means toward a new kind of science and its methods of inquiry that this article seeks to encourage.
Conference Review: Notes on the “International Congress of Traditional Medicine, Interculturality, and Mental Health,” Takiwasi Center, Tarapoto, Peru, June 7–10, 20091
Authors: LABATE BEATRIZ CAIUBY 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTEnglish translation by Glenn H. Shepard Jr. Revision by Matthew MeyerThis article reports on the recent “International Congress of Traditional Medicine, Interculturality, and Mental Health” held by the Takiwasi Center in Tarapoto in the Peruvian Amazon. The event united 218 researchers and indigenous and religious representatives from 22 countries to present results of scientific discussions and engage in political and ethical debates surrounding the increasingly globalized, transnational, and biomedicalized reach of indigenous medical practices, especially ayahuasca‐based therapy and religious practice. The author interviewed several key researchers and representatives present at the event, and presents several important controversies in the field of ayahuasca and traditional medicine. She also reports on the colorful and eclectic nonacademic sessions at the event which included Inca chiropractics, ayahuasca sessions, and various forms of indigenous medicine. The text also reflects on the tragic events that unfolded in nearby Bagua, Peru, on the evening of the meeting, bringing a special urgency to the event's focus on indigenous cultural heritage.
Le travail faiblement rémunéré dans cinq pays européens et aux Etats‐Unis
Authors: BOSCH Gerhard 
Published: March 2010

Résumé.Partant de recherches menées en Allemagne, au Danemark, en France, aux Pays‐Bas et au Royaume‐Uni, ainsi qu'aux Etats‐Unis, l'auteur montre que la proportion et la situation des travailleurs faiblement rémunérés dépendent des institutions nationales: salaire minimum, politiques actives du marché du travail, protection sociale et négociation collective. L'arbitrage entre emploi et salaires n'est pas incontournable, comme on le croit généralement: les politiques actives visant à l'autonomisation des individus et les institutions imposant des contraintes peuvent empêcher l'amélioration de la situation au bas de l'échelle salariale en aggravant le chômage, mais aussi réduire les inégalités.
L'industrie agro‐alimentaire française: salaires relatifs élevés et forte intensité du travail
Authors: CAROLI Eve , GAUTIÉ Jérôme , LAMANTHE Annie 
Published: March 2010

Résumé.En France, les activités de la transformation de la viande et de la confiserie offrent des emplois peu qualifiés avec des salaires et des conditions de travail médiocres. Les auteurs font apparaître une situation complexe, plus positive qu'il n'y paraît, grâce au «modèle français», avec son salaire minimum national et l'extension des conventions collectives de branche à tous les travailleurs. Cependant, les pressions concurrentielles obligent à réduire le coût du travail, et les entreprises augmentent donc la productivité, la flexibilité et l'automatisation. En outre, la grande distribution cherche aussi à faire baisser les prix et impose une production en «juste‐à‐temps».
Le rôle des institutions sur le travail à bas salaire: l'exemple du secteur hospitalier au Royaume‐Uni
Authors: GRIMSHAW Damian 
Published: March 2010

Résumé.Des études internationales soulignent l'importance des institutions dans la structure salariale d'une économie. Ce constat est confirmé ici par l'observation de sept hôpitaux publics au Royaume‐Uni, qui suggère qu'un système de fixation des salaires coordonné et centralisé (comprenant l'extension des conditions du secteur public aux travailleurs externes) améliore les bas salaires des agents d'entretien et des aides‐soignants. La restauration de ces institutions est nécessaire mais insuffisante pour éliminer le travail mal rémunéré. Créer des emplois nouveaux plus qualifiés et renforcer les marchés du travail internes sont des réformes indispensables pour inciter le personnel à se former et lui permettre d'évoluer professionnellement.
Working at the boundary between market and flexicurity: Housekeeping in Danish hotels
Authors: ERIKSSON Tor , LI Jingkun 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Though housekeeping in Danish hotels is unskilled, low‐paid work, because of Denmark's compressed wage structure it is comparatively well paid. The authors examine the working conditions and experience of housekeepers in eight hotels of various types, to establish the industry's response to growing competition and pressure to restructure. Approaches include reorganizing work, increased work intensity, outsourced and in‐house housekeeping, and Denmark's own “flexicurity”. Flexible work arrangements, job security and in‐kind social benefits prove to compensate for scanty unemployment insurance and career prospects.
Job quality in call centres in Germany
Authors: WEINKOPF Claudia 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Since 1995, low‐wage employment has increased in Germany, and employers have tended to seek “exit options” from regulatory frameworks, in order to save on labour costs. This article reports on studies of six call centres (four from utilities, two from financial services), exploring the respective impact of institutional frameworks (notably collective wage agreements and works councils) on work organization, and pay and working conditions in in‐house call centres and external service providers. The wide variations in pay in German call centres are explained, and the repercussions of outsourcing on wages are discussed.
Age‐related treatment response following non‐surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Rizzi Alessandro , Simonelli Anna , Scapoli Chiara , Carrieri Alberto , Farina Roberto 
Published: March 2010

Trombelli L, Rizzi A, Simonelli A, Scapoli C, Carrieri A, Farina R. Age‐related treatment response following non‐surgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 346–352. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01541.x.AbstractBackground: To date, no studies have evaluated the effect of patient age on the treatment response following non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of NSPT in two cohorts of patients with a substantial age difference.Materials and Methods: Two groups of periodontitis patients with a substantial age difference (younger group, Y, and older group, O) were retrospectively selected. The effectiveness of NSPT was assessed by evaluating the changes in the prevalence of sites with different pocket probing depths (PPD) as well as the changes in patient‐ and site‐specific bleeding on probing (BoP) scores.Results: Y group comprised 57 patients, mean age: 34.7 ± 4.4 years, and O group comprised 60 patients, mean age: 58.9 ± 5.3 years (p<0.0001). NSPT resulted in a significant improvement of PPD and BoP in both age groups. No statistically significant inter‐group differences were observed in the investigated clinical parameters as well as their changes with respect to pre‐treatment. However, multiple regression analysis showed a significantly higher risk of showing residual pockets following treatment in group O.Conclusions: The results of the present study seem to indicate that age has a limited effect on treatment response following NSPT in periodontitis patients.
RheoNet Registry Analysis of Rheopheresis for Microcirculatory Disorders With a Focus on Age‐Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Klingel Reinhard , Fassbender Cordula , Heibges Andreas , Koch Frank , Nasemann Joachim , Engelmann Katrin , Carl Thomas , Meinke Michael , Erdtracht Bernard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of establishing the RheoNet registry was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rheopheresis, a specific method of therapeutic apheresis used to treat microcirculatory disorders. Apheresis centers providing rheopheresis therapy and physicians caring for the underlying disease were asked to participate in the registry, and the registry data were analyzed for safety and tolerability. Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) was selected as a model disease to evaluate efficacy. The RheoNet registry was successfully established recording 7722 rheopheresis treatments of 1110 patients, including 833 AMD patients. The mean age of patients was 72 years. Adverse events (AE) were reported in 5.67% of treatments, but termination of the treatment session was only required in 0.48%. Transient hypotension was the most frequently reported AE. No age‐related increase in AE was observed. Ophthalmological data of 428 eyes (of 279 treated patients) with dry AMD could be analyzed; 85 eyes of 55 untreated AMD patients served as the control. At 6.75 ± 5.25 months post‐baseline, 42% of the treated eyes had improved visual acuity. The proportion of eyes with a decline in visual acuity was 17%, compared to 40% in the untreated controls (P < 0.01). The RheoNet registry has been successfully established and data analysis revealed that rheopheresis is a safe outpatient treatment for microcirculatory disorders. Moreover, RheoNet currently provides the largest evaluation of the efficacy of rheopheresis for dry AMD. Registry analysis contributes to a safe and appropriate use of rheopheresis in clinical practice.
Should cooking be a dietetic competency?
Authors: BEGLEY Andrea , GALLEGOS Danielle 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim: There are issues surrounding the apparent decline and devaluing of cooking skills in the population, potential health impacts and the role of dietitians. The present paper aims to outline several arguments and raise questions on the relationship between cooking and dietetics.Methods: Evidence from dietetics and nutrition journals and other sources is used to develop positions for dietetics and its relationship to cooking and cooking skillsResults: The historical relationship between dietetics and home economics has seen dietetics professionally distance itself by its scientific education on food and nutrition, rather than actual involvement with cooking. In pursuing this rational scientific approach there are concerns that dietitians have inadvertently supported the growth of the functional and convenience food market, particularly given the demise of home economics as a skill‐based curricula in schools in several states. There is a need to consider what role cooking skills could have in dietetics training as a professional competency for practice, particularly for public health interventions. This is in the light of Commonwealth government funding that is legitimising cooking skill interventions as a policy response to obesity. There may be a role for dietitians to develop partnerships and train a new professional category or paraprofessionals and/or peer educators to deliver cooking skill interventionsConclusion: There is a need for research on dietitian's views and use of cooking skill interventions. This would help answer whether we should consider cooking and cooking skills as part of our professional practice and whether cooking should be a dietetic competency.
Nutrition and maternal health: What women want and can we provide it?
Authors: WILKINSON Shelley A. , TOLCHER Debbie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  Maternal dietary behaviours are associated with some maternal and infant health outcomes during and after pregnancy. However, effective Maternal Health Dietetic models of care are limited. The aim of this study was to benchmark our services against other Australian Maternal Health Dietetic services and to describe nutrition knowledge and use of dietetic services in a major Australian women's hospital.Method:  During 2008, 15 Australian tertiary Maternal Health Dietetic services were surveyed collecting staffing and service delivery information. Patients in a maternity hospital were also surveyed to assess nutrition knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, education preferences and dietetic service awareness.Results:  The benchmarking survey response rate was 73%. There was considerable variation in staffing levels and services delivered. Individual antenatal inpatient and outpatient counselling dominated dietetic time. Few evidence‐based models of care or guidelines were used by dietitians. Of the 309 antenatal (RR 24%) and 102 postnatal (RR 17.4%) patients surveyed, half were primiparous; over one‐third had prepregnancy body mass indices > 25.9 kg/m2, and average pregnancy weight gain was 14.1 ± 6.7 kg. Few antenatal women knew their recommended pregnancy weight gain range. Excessive weight gain occurred in 33.3% to 100% of women (per body mass index range). Women had poor diet quality, despite identifying healthy eating as a personal priority. Nutrition education delivery preferences were identified.Conclusion:  Considerable variation exists in Australian Maternal Health Dietetic services and referral guidelines. There is a role for Maternal Health Dietitian/Nutritionists to advocate for improved staffing levels and for the implementation and evaluation of evidence‐based services. Potential service delivery improvements are suggested, including a model of dietetic care.
What's cooking for dietetics? A review of the literature
Authors: BEGLEY Andrea , GALLEGOS Danielle 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  There has been no systematic research on the role of cooking skills for improving dietary intakes in Australia. Cooking skills are proposed to be declining and/or being devalued. If cooking skills have been devalued and declining, then what evidence is there for this decline and what impact might this have on dietary intakes? The aim of the present paper is to explore these assumptions with particular reference to Australia. The objectives of the present paper are to define the terms cooking and cooking skills, discuss evidence on levels of cooking skills in Australia and describe the evidence linking cooking skills to dietary intakes.Methods:  A review of the peer‐reviewed literature using multiple databases from 1990 to September 2009.Results:  Cooking skills are complex and require a range of processes for people to develop efficiency or confidence in food preparation. There is little evidence on the level of cooking skills in the Australian population and how this relates to dietary intakes. The Australian Bureau of Statistic's latest Time Use Survey and Household Expenditure Survey suggest that cooking is still a gendered activity and that the time devoted to cooking has changed little in the past 15 years, but there is an increasing use of foods prepared outside the home.Conclusion:  Further research is required to examine the prevalence of different types and levels of cooking skills in Australia as well as their potential effects on dietary intakes. Dietitians need evidence about the level of cooking skills people require for healthy dietary intakes.
OCTN2 is associated with carnitine transport capacity of rat skeletal muscles
Authors: Furuichi Y. , Sugiura T. , Kato Y. , Shimada Y. , Masuda K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  Carnitine plays an essential role in fat oxidation in skeletal muscles; therefore carnitine influx could be crucial for muscle metabolism. OCTN2, a sodium‐dependent solute carrier, is assumed to transport carnitine into various organs. However, OCTN2 protein expression and the functional importance of carnitine transport for muscle metabolism have not been studied. We tested the hypothesis that OCTN2 is expressed at higher levels in oxidative muscles than in other muscles, and that the carnitine uptake capacity of skeletal muscles depends on the amount of OCTN2.Methods:  Rat hindlimb muscles (soleus, plantaris, and the surface and deep portions of gastrocnemius) were used for Western blotting to detect OCTN2. Tissue carnitine uptake was examined by an integration plot analysis using l‐[3H]carnitine as a tracer. Tissue carnitine content was determined by enzymatic cycling methods. The percentage of type I fibres was determined by histochemical analysis.Results:  OCTN2 was detected in all skeletal muscles although the amount was lower than that in the kidney. OCTN2 expression was significantly higher in soleus than in the other skeletal muscles. The amount of OCTN2 was positively correlated with the percentage of type I fibres in hindlimb muscles. The integration plot analysis revealed a positive correlation between the uptake clearance of l‐[3H]carnitine and the amount of OCTN2 in skeletal muscles. However, the carnitine content in soleus was lower than that in other skeletal muscles.Conclusion:  OCTN2 is functionally expressed in skeletal muscles and is involved in the import of carnitine for fatty acid oxidation, especially in highly oxidative muscles.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Performance evaluation of the body fluid mode on the platform Sysmex XE‐5000 series automated hematology analyzer
Authors: PARIS A. , NHAN T. , CORNET E. , PEROL J.‐P. , MALET M. , TROUSSARD X. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryWe evaluated the performance of the automated body fluid mode of the Sysmex XE‐5000 series automated haematology analyzer and compared the performance of the automated method for obtaining white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts and WBC differential counts with microscopic method. One hundred and seventy‐four samples were analysed: 81 ascitic fluid, 32 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 26 pleural fluid (PF), 18 synovial fluid (SF), 13 peritoneal fluid (PeF) and 4 other types. The agreement between the automated method and the manual reference showed high correlation, with Pearson correlation coefficients greater than 0.9 for all types of body fluids. We also demonstrate that the automated body fluid analysis on the XE‐5000 is an acceptable alternative to the microscopic reference method as far as ascitic fluid, peritoneal dialysis fluid, SF or PF are concerned. Conversely, results for body fluid samples from oncology patients with leukaemia or tumours showed significant differences between both methods, as XE‐5000 counted blast cells and neoplastic cells in mononuclear cell count. XE‐5000 could represent an attractive method for the automated analysis of WBC, RBC, mononuclear cell count (MNC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells of most body fluids. However, CSFs from patients with leukaemia or lymphoma should be processed with the microscopic reference method in order to detect abnormal leukaemic cells.
Jejunal access loop cholangiogram and intervention using image guided access
Authors: Amitha Vikrama KS , Keshava SN , Surendrababu NRS , Moses V , Joseph P , Vyas F , Sitaram V 
Published: March 2010

SummaryJejunal access loop is fashioned in patients who undergo Roux en Y hepaticojejunostomy and biliary intervention is anticipated on follow up. Post‐operative study of the biliary tree through the access loop is usually done under fluoroscopic guidance. We present a series of 20 access loop cholangiograms performed in our institution between August 2004 and November 2008. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the procedure and to highlight the role of CT guidance in procuring access. Access loop was accessed using CT (n = 13), ultrasound (n = 3) or fluoroscopic guidance (n = 4). Fluoroscopy was used for performing cholangiograms and interventions. Twelve studies had balloon plasty of the stricture at anastomotic site or high up in the hepatic ducts. Seven studies showed normal cholangiogram. Plasty was unsuccessful in one study. Technical success in accessing the jejunal access loop was 100%; in cannulation of anastomotic site and balloon plasty it was 95%. One case required two attempts. Procedure‐related complications were not seen. All patients who underwent balloon plasty of the stricture were doing well for variable lengths of time. Access loop cholangiogram and interventions are safe and effective. CT guidance in locating/procuring the access loop is a good technique.