bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative In vivo Imaging of the Effects of Inhibiting Integrin Signaling via Src and FAK on Cancer Cell Movement: Effects on E-cadherin Dynamics
Authors: Canel Marta , Serrels Alan , Miller Derek , Timpson Paul , Serrels Bryan , Frame Margaret C. , Brunton Valerie G. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Most cancer-related deaths are due to the development of metastatic disease, and several new molecularly targeted agents in clinical development have the potential to prevent disease progression. However, it remains difficult to assess the efficacy of antimetastatic agents in the clinical setting, and an increased understanding of how such agents work at different stages of the metastatic cascade is important in guiding their clinical use. We used optical window chambers combined with photobleaching, photoactivation, and photoswitching to quantitatively measure (a) tumor cell movement and proliferation by tracking small groups of cells in the context of the whole tumor, and (b) E-cadherin molecular dynamics in vivo following perturbation of integrin signaling by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src. We show that inhibition of Src and FAK suppresses E-cadherin–dependent collective cell movement in a complex three-dimensional tumor environment, and modulates cell-cell adhesion strength and endocytosis in vitro. This shows a novel role for integrin signaling in the regulation of E-cadherin internalization, which is linked to regulation of collective cancer cell movement. This work highlights the power of fluorescent, direct, in vivo imaging approaches in the preclinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents, and shows that inhibition of the Src/FAK signaling axis may provide a strategy to prevent tumor cell spread by deregulating E-cadherin–mediated cell-cell adhesions. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9413–22. ©2010 AACR.
Deubiquitinase Inhibition by Small-Molecule WP1130 Triggers Aggresome Formation and Tumor Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Kapuria Vaibhav , Peterson Luke F. , Fang Dexing , Bornmann William G. , Talpaz Moshe , Donato Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that several deubiquitinases (DUB) are overexpressed or activated in tumor cells and many contribute to the transformed phenotype. Agents with DUB inhibitory activity may therefore have therapeutic value. In this study, we describe the mechanism of action of WP1130, a small molecule derived from a compound with Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2) kinase inhibitory activity. WP1130 induces rapid accumulation of polyubiquitinated (K48/K63-linked) proteins into juxtanuclear aggresomes, without affecting 20S proteasome activity. WP1130 acts as a partly selective DUB inhibitor, directly inhibiting DUB activity of USP9x, USP5, USP14, and UCH37, which are known to regulate survival protein stability and 26S proteasome function. WP1130-mediated inhibition of tumor-activated DUBs results in downregulation of antiapoptotic and upregulation of proapoptotic proteins, such as MCL-1 and p53. Our results show that chemical modification of a previously described JAK2 inhibitor results in the unexpected discovery of a novel DUB inhibitor with a unique antitumor mechanism. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9265–76. ©2010 AACR.
Human RecQL4 Helicase Plays Critical Roles in Prostate Carcinogenesis
Authors: Su Yanrong , Meador Jarah A. , Calaf Gloria M. , De-Santis Luca Proietti , Zhao Yongliang , Bohr Vilhelm A. , Balajee Adayabalam S. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths among men in the western countries. Here, we report that human RecQL4 helicase, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of cancer-prone Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, is highly elevated in metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. Increased RecQL4 expression was also detected in human prostate tumor tissues as a function of tumor grade with the highest expression level in metastatic tumor samples, suggesting that RecQL4 may be a potential prognostic factor for advanced stage of prostate cancer. Transient and stable suppression of RecQL4 by small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA vectors drastically reduced the growth and survival of metastatic prostate cancer cells, indicating that RecQL4 is a prosurvival factor for prostate cancer cells. RecQL4 suppression led to increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) synthesis and RecQL4-suppressed prostate cancer cells underwent an extensive apoptotic death in a PARP-1–dependent manner. Most notably, RecQL4 knockdown in metastatic prostate cancer cells drastically reduced their cell invasiveness in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo, showing that RecQL4 is essential for prostate cancer promotion. Observation of a direct interaction of retinoblastoma (Rb) and E2F1 proteins with RecQL4 promoter suggests that Rb-E2F1 pathway may regulate RecQL4 expression. Collectively, our study shows that RecQL4 is an essential factor for prostate carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9207–17. ©2010 AACR.
Mapping the Malagueta Coast: a History of the Lower Guinea Coast, 1460–1510 through Portuguese Maps and Accounts
Authors: Massing Andreas 
Published: November 2010

The Malagueta Coast can serve as a classic example of a region which was integrated into the world economy as a result of world demand for its resources—spices and labor in the fifteenth/sixteenth centuries, and again in the nineteenth century palm oil, cocos fiber, and labor—and has sunk into oblivion once the demand ceased. It is similar with Liberia's rubber and iron ore industry of the twentieth century. I had wanted to write this paper, which reconstructs the discovery and commercial exploitation of the coast through a systematic analysis of published maps and reports, ever since I walked and paddled along this coast in 1968. Furthermore I intend to review the discovery of the coast in the perspective of overall Portuguese policy and politics (interior and foreign). Last, but not least, this is to help students of Liberian and West African history with a review of the early sources—among which maps are by far the most abundant.The Portuguese legacy to Africa is enshrined in coastal toponymy until today. Avelino Teixeira da Mota in his “Topónimos de origem portuguesa” focused on Portuguese names still surviving in the nineteenth century, but I will focus here on contemporary fifteenth- and sixteenth-century nomenclature and what it might reveal about the African discoveries. The Portuguese initially were attracted by gold at the Rio d'Ouro (later Spanish Sahara), then slaves, and eventually malagueta—a substitute for Indian pepper—commodities known on the Lisbon market and which served to name the coasts: malagueta, marfim, ouro, esclavos. Diogo Gomes was the first to actually see Malagueta on the Gambia in 1445, but the malagueta coast was not discovered until after Henry's the Navigator's death in 1460.
Numerical simulation of the Marangoni effect on transient mass transfer from single moving deformable drops
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Wang Zhihui , Lu Ping , Yang Chao , Mao Zai‐Sha 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA level set approach was adopted in numerical simulation of interphase mass transfer from a deformable drop moving in a continuous immiscible liquid, and the simulation results on Marangoni effect were presented with respect to three experimental runs in the methyl isobutyl ketone–acetic acid–water system. Experiments showed that when the solute concentration was sufficiently high, the Marangoni effect would occur with the interphase mass transfer enhanced. Numerical results indicated that the mass‐transfer coefficient with Marangoni effect was larger than that without Marangoni effect and stronger Marangoni effect made the drop deform more easily. The predictions were qualitatively in accord with the experimental data. Numerical simulation revealed well the transient flow structure of Marangoni effect. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Effect of filler surface treatment on mechanical properties and thermal properties of single and hybrid filler–filled PP composites
Authors: Nurdina A. K. , Mariatti M. , Samayamutthirian P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe influence of two types of surface treatments (aminosilane and Lica‐12) on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) filled with single and hybrid filler (silica and mica) was studied. An improvement in tensile properties and impact strength was found for both treatments compared to those of untreated composites. However, the filler with silane coupling agent showed better improvement compared to the filler with Lica‐12 coupling agent. This was due to better adhesion between filler and matrix. Thermal analysis indicates that surface treatments increased the nucleating ability of filler, but decreased the coefficient of thermal expansion of PP composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Oriented distribution structure, interaction, and performance of thermoplastic polyurethane/selective hindered amine hybrids
Authors: Zhao Xiuying , Xiao Daling , Wu Sizhu , Feng Yiping , Zhang Liqun , Wang Weimin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBy employing the melt blending method, selective hindered amines were oriented to disperse in the hard phase of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The microstructure and performance of organic hybrids consisting of TPU and poly‐[(1‐hydroxyethyl ‐2,2,6,6‐ tetramethyl‐ 4‐hydroxyl piperidine)]‐glycolsuccinate (GW‐622) and poly‐{[6‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl) ‐imino]‐[1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐ dimethyl] [2‐(2,2,6,6‐ tetramethyl piperidinyl)‐ imino]‐cyclohexane‐[4‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidinyl)‐imino]} (GW‐944) were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electric microscopy (SEM), and tensile measurement. The neat TPU matrix displayed only one glass transition peak in the DMA curve, whereas the TPU/GW‐622 hybrids exhibited two overlapping loss peaks, and the TPU/GW‐944 hybrids demonstrated two separated relaxation peaks. The second excited relaxation peak of the hybrids was attributed to the oriented distribution of hindered amine in TPU and strong intermolecular interactions between the hindered amine and the hard segments of TPU. The complex and interesting evolution in structure and properties of the hybrids with hindered amine incorporation was interpreted. The loss peak areas (TA) of the hybrids increased greatly, and the high temperature damping properties was expected to improve. This kind of novel hybrid presented a promising future as high performance damping material. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Salinosporamide A
Authors: Kaiya Yuji , Hasegawa Jun‐ichi , Momose Takayuki , Sato Takaaki , Chida Noritaka 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA detailed description of our second‐generation total synthesis of salinosporamide A is presented. Three contiguous stereocenters in the γ‐lactam structure seen in the natural product were established by stereoselective functionalization of a D‐arabinose scaffold, including an Overman rearrangement to generate a highly congested tetrasubstituted carbon center. One of the definitive reactions in the synthesis was a Lewis acid mediated skeletal rearrangement of a pyranose structure, which enabled the practical conversion of the carbohydrate scaffold to the γ‐lactam structure embedded in salinosporamide A. The use of a benzyl ester as a protective group for a sterically hindered carboxylic acid led to a one‐pot global deprotection at the end of the synthesis.
Ingenieurwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen an der Hagia Sophia in Istanbul — Teil 1: Das Konstruktionsgefüge
Authors: Duppel Christoph 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Hagia Sophia in Istanbul ist eines der baugeschichtlich wichtigsten und ingenieurmäßig bemerkenswertesten Bauwerke der letzten 1500 Jahre.Aufgrund restauratorischer Sicherungsarbeiten und der damit verbundenen Einrüstung der Hauptkuppel war in den letzten Jahren die einmalige Gelegenheit gegeben, den geometrischen und materiellen Irregularitäten und Diskontinuitäten, die aus mehreren Teileinstürzen und Wiederaufbauten herrühren, mit Hilfe zerstörungsfreier geophysikalischer Untersuchungsverfahren nachzugehen. Damit konnte der heutige Bestand und Zustand der aus Ziegeln gemauerten Hauptkuppel und der aus Naturstein errichteten vier Hauptpfeiler intensiv erkundet werden.Die erlangten neuen Kenntnisse zum Konstruktionsgefüge erlaubten einerseits die Entwicklung differenzierter Berechnungsmodelle, mit deren Hilfe eine Aussage zum Lastfluss, den Spannungszuständen und dem Stabilitätsverhalten der Hagia Sophia möglich wurde und bieten andererseits Grundlage, um die Frage der Erdbebengefährdung mit einer der historischen Bedeutung des Gebäudes entsprechenden Zuverlässigkeit zu beantworten.Im vorliegenden ersten Teil des Berichtes zum DFG‐Projekt “Ingenieurwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen an der Hauptkuppel und den Hauptpfeilern der Hagia Sophia in Istanbul“ [1] wird über die Erkundungen am Bauwerk berichtet. Der im nächsten Heft erscheinende zweite Teil wird dann die Folgerungen, die sich daraus für das Tragverhalten und Tragvermögen des Gebäudes ergeben, zum Inhalt haben.Engineering Studies on the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul — Part 1: The Structural Characteristics. The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul is one of the most significant and remarkable buildings of the past 1500 years, both from an architectural history and an engineering point of view.Due to restoration work and the related scaffolding of the main dome, the past years have provided a unique opportunity to investigate the geometrical and material irregularities and discontinuities resulting from several partial collapses and rebuilding, by using nondestructive geophysical analytical methods. They allowed a thorough exploration of the present substance and condition of the main dome’s brick masonry and of the four main pillars built from natural stone.The new findings regarding the structural characteristics allowed, on the one hand, developing differentiated calculation models by means of which statements on load flow, stress states and stability behavior of the Hagia Sophia became possible and on the other, provided a basis for answering the question about the earthquake risks with a reliability corresponding to the historical significance of the building.The first part of the report on the DFG project “Engineering Studies on the Main Dome and Main Pillars of the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul” describes the explorations of the building. The second part, which will appear in the next issue, will present the conclusions resulting for the structural behavior and structural capacity of the building.
Carbon dioxide‐based copolymers: Environmental benefits of PPC, an industrially viable catalyst
Authors: Qin Yusheng , Wang Xianhong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCarbon dioxide‐based copolymers utilize the green house gas CO2 and can be applied in research and industry. Here we focus on industrially viable CO2‐based catalysts in China and beyond. Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), an alternating copolymer of CO2 and propylene oxide, is one of the emerging low‐cost biodegradable plastics. We describe the thermal and mechanical performances of as‐polymerized PPC, where amorphous state, low glass transition temperature, and biodegradability are the three main properties. We also describe modification of the PPC, the so‐called toughening and strengthening at high temperature, and plasticizing at low temperature, including incorporation of a third monomer unit by chemical terpolymerization, and introduction of special intermolecular interactions or crystallizable components by physical blending. The fast development in catalyst design and performance improvement for PPC has created new chances for industry. In particular, high molecular weight PPC from rare earth ternary catalyst is becoming an economically viable biodegradable plastic with tens of thousands of tons produced per year, providing a new solution to overcome the problem of high cost in biodegradable plastics.
Selective dehydration of bio‐ethanol to ethylene catalyzed by lanthanum‐phosphorous‐modified HZSM‐5: Influence of the fusel
Authors: Hu Yaochi , Zhan Nina , Dou Chang , Huang He , Han Yuwang , Yu Dinghua , Hu Yi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBio‐ethanol dehydration to ethylene is an attractive alternative to oil‐based ethylene. The influence of fusel, main byproducts in the fermentation process of bio‐ethanol production, on the bio‐ethanol dehydration should not be ignored. We studied the catalytic dehydration of bio‐ethanol to ethylene over parent and modified HZSM‐5 at 250°C, with weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) equal to 2.0/h. The influences of a series of fusel, such as isopropanol, isobutanol and isopentanol, on the ethanol dehydration over the catalysts were investigated. The 0.5%La‐2%PHZSM‐5 catalyst exhibited higher ethanol conversion (100%), ethylene selectivity (99%), and especially enhanced stability (more than 70 h) than the parent and other modified HZSM‐5. We demonstrated that the introduction of lanthanum and phosphorous to HZSM‐5 could weaken the negative influence of fusel on the formation of ethylene. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), nitrogen adsorption and thermogravimetry (TG)/differential thermogravimetry (DTG)/differential thermal analysis (DTA) (TG/DTG/DTA) techniques. The results indicated that the introduction of lanthanum and phosphorous to HZSM‐5 could inhibit the formation of coking during the ethanol dehydration to ethylene in the presence of fusel. The development of an efficient catalyst is one of the key technologies for the industrialization of bio‐ethylene.
Lipase hydration state in the gas phase: Sorption isotherm measurements and inverse gas chromatography
Authors: Marton Zsuzsanna , Chaput Ludovic , Pierre Guillaume , Graber Marianne 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe adsorption of water and substrate on immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was studied by performing adsorption isotherm measurements and using inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Water adsorption isotherm of the immobilized enzyme showed singular profile absorption incompatible with the Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller model, probably due to the hydrophobic nature of the support, leading to very low interactions with water. IGC allowed determining the evolution with water thermodynamic activity (aW) of both dispersive surface energies and acidity and basicity constants of immobilized enzyme. These results showed that water molecules progressively covered immobilized enzyme, when increasing aW, leading to a saturation of polar groups above aW 0.1 and full coverage of the surface above aW 0.25. IGC also enabled relevant experiments to investigate the behavior of substrates under aW that they will experience, in a competitive situation with water. Results indicated that substrates had to displace water molecules in order to adsorb on the enzyme from aW values ranging from 0.1 to 0.2, depending on the substrate. As the conditions used for these adsorption studies resemble the ones of the continuous enzymatic solid/gas reactor, in which activity and selectivity of the lipase were extensively studied, it was possible to link adsorption results with particular effects of water on enzyme properties.
Analytical procedures for the determination of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant citalopram and its metabolites
Authors: Unceta Nora , Goicolea M. Aranzazu , Barrio Ramón J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe antidepressant citalopram (CIT) is a potent and highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which has been introduced in therapy as a racemic drug. CIT has been used to treat central nervous system affective disorders such as depression, anxiety, obsessive‐compulsive disorders, various phobias, borderline personality disorders, bipolar disorders as well as indications wherein inhibition of serotonin reuptake is desired. CIT is demethylated to demethylcitalopram (DCIT) and didemethylcitalopram (DDCIT), which retain considerable activity as SSRIs. Therefore, in recent years, the monitoring of the levels of these analytes in biological fluids for toxicological and therapeutic purposes has been a target worthy of interest. In addition, the differences in activity between CIT enantiomers established the need to assess its behaviour in the field of pharmacological research. It is also necessary to develop analytical methodologies that make it possible to determine the levels of enantiomer concentrations. This review includes most of the published analytical methods for achiral assay of racemic CIT and its metabolites based on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV, fluorescence and mass spectrometry detectors, capillary electrophoresis and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detectors among others. With regard to the monitoring of enantiomers of CIT and of its metabolites, stereoselective methods based on chiral chromatographic columns, chiral additives in mobile phases and on the derivatization with a chiral reagent are also collected. In addition, different procedures of extraction are mentioned as well as liquid–liquid extraction, solid‐phase extraction, solid‐phase microextraction, automated online extraction or liquid‐phase microextraction in different biological and environmental samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of pioglitazone and felodipine in pig serum: application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Palem Chinna Reddy , Gannu Ramesh , Yamsani Shravan Kumar , Yamsani Vamshi Vishnu , Yamsani Madhusudan Rao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of pioglitazone and felodipine in pig serum. The present method consists of protein precipitation, extraction of analytes from pig serum into dichloromethane and separation using reversed‐phase C18 column. Nitrendipine was used as an internal standard and the eluent was monitored by UV detector at 240 nm. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile and 50 mm ammonium acetate buffer at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The retention times for pioglitazone, felodipine and nitrendipine were found to be 5.12, 10.53 and 7.14 min, respectively. The intraday and inter‐day coefficient of variation and percent error values of assay method were less than 7% and mean recovery was more than 94% for each analyte, and the method was found to be precise, accurate and specific during study. The method was successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study of pioglitazone and felodipine from bioadhesive buccal tablet after buccal administration to pigs. The CMax, TMax, and AUC0–24 of pioglitazone and felodipine from buccal tablet were found to be 394.6 ng/mL, 5.6 h, 2624.2 ng h/mL and 44.4 ng/mL, 5.5 h, 275.8 ng h/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.