bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of phosphorylation sites of equine β‐casein isoforms
Authors: Matéos Aurélie , Girardet Jean‐Michel , Mollé Daniel , Corbier Catherine , Gaillard Jean‐Luc , Miclo Laurent 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEquine β‐casein is phosphorylated at variable degrees and isoforms carrying 3 to 7 phosphate groups (3P–7P) have been found in milk, but the phosphorylated amino acid residues of each isoform are not yet identified. In the present work, the different phosphorylation variants were first isolated by ion‐exchange chromatography and then hydrolysed by trypsin to generate caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs), each containing all the potential phosphorylation sites. The equine CPPs were prepared by metal oxide affinity chromatography, a method based on the affinity of phosphate groups towards titanium dioxide immobilized onto a micro‐column. This method turned out to be an efficient tool to separate the CPPs Arg1–Lys34 and Glu4–Lys34 from non‐phosphorylated peptides. Purification was achieved by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and each CPP was hydrolyzed by endoproteinase Glu‐C. Finally, the digests were analyzed by RP‐HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP‐HPLC/ESI‐MS) and identified by nano‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nESI‐MS/MS) to locate the phosphorylated sites of the β‐casein isoforms 4P–7P with accuracy. Thus, the isoform 4P was found to be phosphorylated on residues Ser9, Ser23, Ser24, and Ser25. Addition of phosphate groups on Ser18, Thr12, and Ser10 led to the formation of the isoforms 5P–7P, respectively. The results indicated that the in vivo phosphorylation of the equine β‐casein follows a sequential way and is not randomly performed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time reaction monitoring by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Yu Zhan , Chen Lee Chuin , Erra‐Balsells Rosa , Nonami Hiroshi , Hiraoka Kenzo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractProbe electrospray ionization (PESI) is a modified version of the electrospray ionization (ESI), where the capillary for sampling and spraying is replaced by a solid needle. High tolerance to salts and direct ambient sampling are major advantages of PESI compared with conventional ESI. In this study, PESI‐MS was used to monitor some biological and chemical reactions in real‐time, such as acid‐induced protein denaturation, hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) of peptides, and Schiff base formation. By using PESI‐MS, time‐resolved mass spectra and ion chromatograms can be obtained reproducibly. Real‐time PESI‐MS monitoring can give direct and detailed information on each chemical species taking part in reactions, and this is valuable for a better understanding of the whole reaction process and for the optimization of reaction parameters. PESI‐MS can be considered as a potential tool for real‐time reaction monitoring due to its simplicity in instrumental setup, direct sampling with minimum sample preparation and low sample consumption. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interval plant identification from value sets with five vertices in a quadrant
Authors: Hernández R. , García J. A. , de Madrid A. P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper shows an algorithm for the identification of interval plants from the vertices of the value sets. In order to do this, first several main properties of the value‐set boundary are shown. Then a main result to obtain the values of the numerator and denominator Kharitonov polynomials is developed. This algorithm is non‐conservative in the sense that if the value‐set boundary of an interval plant is exactly known, and particularly its vertices, then the interval plant identified is exactly the one used to obtain these value sets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ℋ︁∞‐filtering for singularly perturbed nonlinear systems
Authors: Aliyu M. D. S. , Boukas E. K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the ℋ︁∞‐filtering problem for singularly perturbed (two time‐scale) nonlinear systems. Two types of filters are discussed, namely, (i) decomposition and (ii) aggregate, and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the problem in terms of Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaac's equations (HJIEs) are presented. Reduced‐order filters are also derived in each case, and the results are specialized to linear systems, in which case the HJIEs reduce to a system of linear‐matrix‐inequalities (LMIs). Based on the linearization of the nonlinear models, upper bounds ε* of the singular parameter ε that guarantee the asymptotic stability of the nonlinear filters can also be obtained. The mixed ℋ︁2/ℋ︁∞‐filtering problem is also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observer‐based tracking control for switched linear systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Li Qing‐Kui , Zhao Jun , Liu Xiang‐Jie , Dimirovski Georgi M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe issue of observer‐based tracking control for switched linear systems with time‐varying delay is investigated in this paper. The possibility of designing switching control laws based on measured output is considered when the states are not available. Hysteresis based switching method and single Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method are utilized to the stability analysis and controller design. By introducing the descriptor system method, the consideration of mixed mode is avoided since\documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\dot{x}}(t)$\end{document}can be seen as state variable, and thus it is not necessary to substitute\documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\dot{x}}(t)$\end{document}everywhere by the right‐hand part of the system. The variation‐of‐constants formula is used to overcome the difficulties caused by the estimation error and exotic disturbance. Free weighting matrix scheme facilitates us to the stability analysis and control synthesis, and the numerical example shows the effectiveness of the proposed design methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuere Untersuchungen zum Feuerverzinken von Stahl
Authors: Winkler Rolf , Zgraggen Markus , Rizvic Naila , Winkler Markus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIm Rahmen einer Qualitätsprüfung wurden Schäden an für den Hochbau vorgesehenen Hülsen entdeckt. Die angerissenen Hülsen wurden fraktographisch und metallographisch untersucht. Die Bruchflächenbelegung konnte mittels energiedispersiver Röntgenanalytik (EDX) als Zink detektiert werden. Am Schliffbild unter dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) wurden zahlreiche Nebenrisse festgestellt, die komplett mit Zink und Zinn gefüllt waren. Auch Bleianreicherungen waren in der Zinkschicht eingebettet, jedoch nur auf der verzinkten Ober‐ und Bruchfläche. Der Bruch der Hülse konnte der flüssigmetallinduzierten Rissbildung zugeordnet werden.Es wurden Versuche an Stahlproben (S355 J2 N) bestimmter Geometrie in Zinkbädern mit unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung durchgeführt. Die Auswertungen der kaltgebogenen U‐Proben nach den Verzinkungsversuchen ergaben, dass der Kaltverformungsgrad der Proben sowie die Schmelzbadzusammensetzung einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Rissbildung während des Verzinkungsprozesses haben.Die Bügelprobe erwies sich als einfach zu handhabende und leicht herzustellende Probenform, die sich in der Praxis schnell einsetzen lässt. Insbesondere in Verzinkereien könnten dadurch aufwendige Badanalysen teilweise durch einen Durchlauf mit der Bügelprobe ersetzt werden.Problems concerning hot dip galvanizing of steel. At sleeves for structural engineering have been discovered damages in the course of a quality control. Fractographic and metallographic investigations of a cracked bushing has been performed. Energy Dispersive X‐Ray (EDX) analysis indicated that the decoration of the crack is related to the presence of Zinc on the surface. Numerous secondary cracks completely filled with Zinc and Tin could be evidenced on the metallographic polished section (REM). Also Lead enrichment could be detected in the Zinc layer, but only on the hot dip galvanized and cracked surfaces. The fracture present in the bushing can therefore clearly be attributed to liquid metal induced embrittlement.The experiments with steel samples (S355 J2 N) of different geometries dipped in Zinc bath of different composition have been performed. Analysis of the results after galvanizing the cold bent U‐shaped parts indicated that the degree of samples cold deformation as well as the bath composition have a significant influence on the crack formation during galvanizing.The Yoke test samples have proven to be simple in handling and an easy to produce sample shape that can be processed rapidly in practical operation. Especially the galvanizing companies can this way partly replace expensive bath analysis with a visual examination of yoke specimen after hot dip galvanizing.
Grundsätze und Lösungen zur Wärmebrückenreduktion im Metallleichtbau
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Döring Bernd , Feldmann Markus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDie Anforderungen an das energiesparende Bauen sind mit der Einführung der Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV) 2009 auch im Industrie‐ und Gewerbebau deutlich verschärft worden. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Energieeinsparung liefert die Minimierung des Transmissionswärmetransfers. Analysiert man Gebäudehüllen in Metallleichtbauweise stellt man fest, dass eine Erhöhung der Wärmedämmstärke allein noch nicht zielführend ist, zusätzlich sind Wärmebrückeneffekte zu berücksichtigen und deren Einflüsse auf die Wärmetransmission zu reduzieren. Neben der Bedeutung für die Energieeinsparung ist eine wärmetechnisch optimierte Detailausbildung auch erforderlich, um einen ausreichenden Feuchteschutz (Vermeidung von Tauwasser und Schimmelpilz) zu realisieren und so Schäden zu vermeiden. Ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel stellt hierzu der vom Industrieverband für Bausysteme im Metallleichtbau (IFBS) herausgegebene Wärmebrückenatlas der Metall‐Sandwichbauweise dar.Principles and solutions of thermal bridge reduction in light metal construction. The requirements for energy‐saving constructions for industrial and commercial buildings have been tightened by the introduction of the Energy Saving Regulation (EnEV) 2009. A major contribution to energy saving can be made by minimisation of transmission heat transfer. Analysing buildings with lightweight metal envelops leads to the conclusion that increasing the thickness of the heat insulation alone does not lead to the desired results as additionally thermal bridge effects have to be considered and their effects on the heat transmission have to be reduced. In addition to its importance to saving energy a thermotechnically optimised detail design is also essential for realising moisture proof (prevention of condensation water and mould growth) and avoiding damages. The thermal bridge atlas for metal sandwich construction published by the German industry association for lightweight metal construction systems (IFBS) is an important tool for the careful detail design.
Positron emission tomography imaging of dopamine D2/3 receptors in the human cortex with [11C]FLB 457: Reproducibility studies
Authors: Narendran Rajesh , Mason N. Scott , May Maureen A. , Chen Chi‐Min , Kendro Steve , Ridler Khanum , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Laruelle Marc , Mathis Chester A. , Frankle W. Gordon 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn a recent PET study, we demonstrated the ability to measure amphetamine‐induced DA release in the human cortex with the relatively high affinity dopamine D2/3 radioligand [11C]FLB 457 (Narendran et al., [2009] Synapse 63:447–461). The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of [11C]FLB 457 in the same imaging paradigm we used to measure amphetamine‐induced DA transmission. Six healthy human subjects (three males/three females) were studied twice with [11C]FLB 457, once at baseline and again 3 h following the end of the baseline scan. D2/3 receptor binding parameters were estimated using a two‐tissue compartment kinetic analysis in the cortical regions of interest and cerebellum (reference region). The test–retest variability and intraclass correlation coefficient were assessed for distribution volume (VT), binding potential relative to plasma concentration (BPP), and binding potential relative to nondisplaceable uptake (BPND) of [11C]FLB 457. The test–retest variability of [11C]FLB 457 VT, BPP, and BPND were ≤15%, consistent with the published test–retest variability for this ligand in other brain regions (Sudo et al., [2001] Nucl Med Commun 22:1215–1221; Vilkman et al., [2000] Eur J Nucl Med 27:1666–1673). In addition, no significant decrease in [11C]FLB 457 BPND was observed in the second scan compared to the first one. This suggests that the contribution of carryover mass of [11C]FLB 457 to the measured reduction in [11C]FLB 457 BPND following amphetamine was relatively low. These data support the further validation of [11C]FLB 457 as a tool to measure amphetamine‐induced dopamine release in the human cortex. Synapse 65:35–40, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CART peptide inhibits locomotor activity induced by simultaneous stimulation of D1 and D2 receptors, but not by stimulation of individual dopamine receptors
Authors: Moffett Mark C. , Song Jane , Kuhar Michael J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCART (Cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript) peptide has been implicated in playing a modulatory role in reward and reinforcement. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that injections of CART peptide (CART 55‐102) into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) attenuated both cocaine‐ and dopamine‐induced increases in locomotor activity (LMA), and attenuated cocaine reward as well. In this study, the effects of CART peptide on LMA induced by dopamine receptor agonists were evaluated after intraaccumbal injections in male, Sprague‐Dawley rats. Effects of the D1 receptor agonist SKF‐81,297, saline, CART 55‐102, or CART 55‐102 and SKF‐81,297 together were compared. The SKF‐81,297‐induced increase in LMA was potentiated by coadministration of CART, while injection of CART alone had no significant effect. Injection of the D2 agonist 7‐OH‐DPAT had no effect on LMA, and the combination of both 7‐OH‐DPAT and CART peptide also had no effect. Quinelorane, a D3 receptor agonist, did not alter LMA, nor did the combination of CART peptide and quinelorane. The next experiment examined the effects of CART peptide on LMA induced by coinjection of both the D1 agonist SKF‐81,297 and the D2 agonist 7‐OH‐DPAT. The combination of SKF‐81,297 and 7‐OH‐DPAT induced greater LMA than SKF‐81,297 alone. Coadministration of CART peptide along with the D1 and D2 agonists reduced LMA. These results strongly suggest that CART peptide reduces the effects of psychostimulants by modulating the simultaneous activation of both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors rather than by affecting the action of any individual dopamine receptor. Synapse 65:1–7, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incomplete cooperation‐based service differentiation in WLANs
Authors: Zhao Liqiang , Cong Li , Ding Wei , Wang Xinheng , Zhang Hailin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN), the fundamental medium access control (MAC) mechanism—distributed coordination function (DCF), only supports best‐effort service, and is unaware of the quality‐of‐service (QoS). IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) supports service differentiation by differentiating contention parameters. This may introduce the problem of non‐cooperative service differentiation. Hence, an incompletely cooperative EDCA (IC‐EDCA) is proposed in this paper to solve the problem. In IC‐EDCA, each node that is cooperativea prioriadjusts its contention parameters (e.g., the contention window (CW)) adaptively to the estimated system state (e.g., the number of competing nodes of each service priority). To implement IC‐EDCA in current WLAN nodes, a frame‐analytic estimation algorithm is presented. Moreover, an analytical model is proposed to analyze the performance of IC‐EDCA under saturation cases. Extensive simulations are also carried out to compare the performances of DCF, EDCA, incompletely cooperative game, and IC‐EDCA, and to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed performance model. The simulation results show that IC‐EDCA performs better than DCF, EDCA, and incompletely cooperative game in terms of system throughput or QoS, and that the proposed analytical model is valid. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell separation and the maintenance of cell integrity during cytokinesis in yeast: the assembly of a septum
Authors: Roncero Cesar , Sánchez Yolanda 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe cell division programme included in each cell specifies that, after anaphase, cytokinesis completes the process of producing two cells. With the exception of plant cells, whose peculiarities are out of the scope of this review, in all eukaryotic cells the cleavage furrow that forms late in anaphase bisects the mitotic spindle. Ingression of the furrow and the consequent synthesis of the new membrane are driven by a cortical actomyosin contractile ring (AMR or CAR). The complete contraction of this ring leads to cell separation. While this process is sufficient for cell separation in animal cells, fungal cells are surrounded by a cell wall structure, whose continuity must be maintained to preserve cell integrity during cytokinesis. This maintenance requires the production of a specialized region of the fungal cell wall called the septum, which physically separates mother and daughter cells. Throughout this review, we shall try to highlight the different molecular cues involved in septum formation in yeast, from the initial site selection to the final action of hydrolytic enzymes that produce cell separation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The metastable m‐Ba2SnSe5 – Synthesis, Phase Transition, Crystal Structure, Structural Relations and Electronic Structure
Authors: Graf Christian , Assoud Abdeljalil , Zelinska Mariya , Kleinke Holger 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new modification of Ba2SnSe5 was synthesized in a flux reaction. The crystal structure of this compound was solved in the space group P121/c1 with cell parameters of a = 21.17189(8) Å, b = 9.0915(3) Å, c = 24.7141(8) Å and β = 125.621(1) °. The compound consists of two slightly different types of Sn4Se1412– as well as Se32– fragments and Ba2+ ions. The structure of the new modification is strongly related to the already reported α form, and therefore it is described using group–subgroup relations., To investigate the nature of this transition, thermal experiments and band structure calculations were performed.
Phase Diagrams and New Crystal Structures Predicted for the LaX3/LaY3 Systems (X, Y = F, Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Pentin Ilya V. , Schön J. Christian , Jansen Martin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe low‐temperature phase diagrams for the quasi‐binary lanthanum halogenides LaX3/LaY3 (X,Y = F, Cl, Br, I) were calculated at an ab initio level, without any recourse to experimental information. The starting point of our general approach is the global exploration of the enthalpy landscapes for many different compositions in these systems. Candidates for both ordered stoichiometric modifications and crystalline solid solution phases are identiﬁed, and their free enthalpies are computed at an ab initio level. From this the low‐temperature phase diagrams are derived. We found that in all six systems under investigation only crystalline ordered phases should be present. We predict the existence of several thermodynamically stable and metastable phases in these systems.
LMBRD1: the gene for the cblF defect of vitamin B12 metabolism
Authors: Rutsch Frank , Gailus Susann , Suormala Terttu , Fowler Brian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo date, only very few genetic disorders due to defects in lysosomal membrane transport are known. This paper reviews the identification of the underlying molecular defect causing an intriguing inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism, namely, defective lysosomal release of vitamin B12 (cblF defect). Using microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer of wild‐type human chromosomes into immortalized fibroblasts from a cblF patient and genome‐wide homozygosity mapping in 12 unrelated cblF patients, we identified LMBRD1 as a positional candidate gene on chromosome 6q13. Five different frameshift mutations leading to loss of function of both LMBRD1 alleles were detected in the affected patients. Transfection of the LMBRD1 wild‐type construct into fibroblasts derived from cblF patients restored cobalamin coenzyme synthesis and function. LMBRD1 encodes a novel lysosomal membrane protein with significant homology to lipocalin membrane receptors. These studies give further insight into the intracellular transport of vitamins, challenge the views on lipocalin receptors, and add to our understanding of lysosomal diseases.
Pre‐exercise medium‐chain triglyceride application prevents acylcarnitine accumulation in skeletal muscle from very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase‐deficient mice
Authors: Primassin Sonja , Tucci Sara , Herebian Diran , Seibt Annette , Hoffmann Lars , ter Veld Frank , Spiekerkoetter Ute 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDietary modification with medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation is one crucial way of treating children with long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders. Recently, supplementation prior to exercise has been reported to prevent muscular pain and rhabdomyolysis. Systematic studies to determine when MCT supplementation is most beneficial have not yet been undertaken. We studied the effects of an MCT‐based diet compared with MCT administration only prior to exercise in very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) knockout (KO) mice. VLCAD KO mice were fed an MCT‐based diet in same amounts as normal mouse diet containing long‐chain triglycerides (LCT) and were exercised on a treadmill. Mice fed a normal LCT diet received MCT only prior to exercise. Acylcarnitine concentration, free carnitine concentration, and acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) oxidation capacity in skeletal muscle as well as hepatic lipid accumulation were determined. Long‐chain acylcarnitines significantly increased in VLCAD‐deficient skeletal muscle with an MCT diet compared with an LCT diet with MCT bolus prior to exercise, whereas an MCT bolus treatment significantly decreased long‐chain acylcarnitines after exercise compared with an LCT diet. C8‐carnitine was significantly increased in skeletal muscle after MCT bolus treatment and exercise compared with LCT and long‐term MCT treatment. Increased hepatic lipid accumulation was observed in long‐term MCT‐treated KO mice. MCT seems most beneficial when given in a single dose directly prior to exercise to prevent acylcarnitine accumulation. In contrast, continuous MCT treatment produces a higher skeletal muscle content of long‐chain acylcarnitines after exercise and increases hepatic lipid storage in VLCAD KO mice.
Emulsification of Chemically Modified Vegetable Oils for Lubricant Use
Authors: Doll Kenneth M. , Sharma Brajendra K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOil in water emulsions of several vegetable oils were studied in order to prepare a useful lubrication fluid. Several previously uncharacterized systems were studied in this paper, including those made from epoxidized vegetable oils. A series of different surfactants were studied in order to obtain emulsions suitable for lubrication applications. The epoxidized oils were found to form stable oil in water emulsions using several different surfactant systems. Only the (4) lauryl ether dodecyl polyethoxylated nonionic surfactant and a modified palm stearin methoxy ester ethoxylate were able to stabilize ordinary soybean oil for 1 week under our test conditions. Overall, the best surfactants were those with an HLB value slightly above 9. The droplet size of emulsions made with surfactants formed submicron droplets, whereas only droplets of larger diameter were obtained when surfactants were not added. Most importantly, a lubrication study was performed showing that even a 1% emulsion of the vegetable oils used in this study can reduce friction nearly as well as using the base oil alone.