bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational socialization and positive organizational behaviour: implications for theory, research, and practice
Authors: Saks Alan M. , Gruman Jamie A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to advocate a shift in research and practice on organizational socialization towards one based on positive organizational behaviour (POB). First, we demonstrate how the prevailing perspectives of organizational socialization are based on a cognitive‐learning process that emphasizes information and knowledge acquisition. We then review the literature on POB and psychological capital (PsyCap) and argue that socialization processes should be designed to develop the PsyCap of newcomers. We offer a new approach to organizational socialization called socialization resources theory (SRT) and describe four broad socialization resources that can be used to develop newcomers' self‐efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience. Finally, we discuss the implications of this approach for research and practice on organizational socialization. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Ion Modulated Torsion Angle in a Ditopic Oligothiophene Ligand: Toward Supramolecular Control of π Conjugation
Authors: Lukovskaya Elena , Bobylyova Alla , Fedorov Yuri , Maksimov Anton , Anisimov Alexander , Fedorova Olga , Jonusauskas Gediminas , Fages Frédéric 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA π‐conjugated oligomer bearing two 15‐crown‐5‐containing styryl moieties connected at the inner β positions of the terminal thiophene nuclei can adopt either a U or a Z shape depending on the structures of its complexes with magnesium and barium ions. We show that barium cations lead to the formation of a mononuclear complex in solution, which causes the system to fold into the U shape. Magnesium ions lead to the same effect at low concentration, but force the ligand to adopt the Z‐shaped geometry at high concentrations favoring formation of a binuclear complex. These geometrical reorganizations in solution are accompanied by profound changes in spectroscopic properties, which can be rationalized in terms of variations in the extent of electron delocalization along the oligothiophene backbone. The effects are analyzed by mass spectrometry and 1H NMR, UV/Vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy in the steady‐state and time‐resolved regimes. The experimental results are compared to data calculated by using MOPAC2007 with the PM6 Hamiltonian including the COSMO solvation model.
Flowerlike Vanadium Sesquioxide: Solvothermal Preparation and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Liu Haimei , Wang Yonggang , Li Huiqiao , Yang Wensheng , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel 3D hierarchical flowerlike vanadium sesquioxide (V2O3) nano/microarchitecture consisting of numerous nanoflakes is prepared via a solvothermal approach followed by an appropriate heating treatment. The as‐obtained nanostructured V2O3 flower is characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (or/and high‐resolution TEM, HRTEM), and it is found that the V2O3 flower is constructed by single‐crystalline nanoflakes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the surface of the flowerlike V2O3 material is composed of nanostructured pores, which derive from the adsorption/desorption of nitrogen, and that the pore‐size distribution depends on the unique three‐dimensional interconnection between nanoflakes and on their intrinsic properties. The electrochemical behavior of the V2O3 flower for lithium‐ion insertion/extraction in non‐aqueous solution as well as the faradaic capacitance for pesudocapacitors in a neutral aqueous solution are also investigated. A reversible discharge capacity as high as 325 mA h g−1 is obtained at a current density of 0.02 A g−1 from a LiClO4/EC:DEC electrolyte solution (i.e. LiClO4 in ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate). When used as the cathode material of pesudocapacitors in Li2SO4, the flowerlike oxide displayed a very high initial capacitance of 218 F g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1. We believe that the good performance of the flowerlike V2O3 electrode is most probably due to its unique 3D hierarchical nano/microarchitecture, which shows that the electrochemical properties of a cathodic material do not only depend on the oxidation state of that material but also—to a large extent—on its crystalline structure and morphology. The aforementioned properties suggest that the present V2O3 flower materials may have a great potential to be employed as electrode materials in rechargeable lithium batteries and pesudocapacitors.
Conservation of Orbital Symmetry can be Circumvented in Mechanically Induced Reactions
Authors: Friedrichs Jana , Lüßmann Mathias , Frank Irmgard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations of the mechanically induced ring‐opening of substituted benzocyclobutene we observe both con‐ and disrotatory ring‐opening reactions. We show that this finding does not contradict the fundamental principle that the orbitals develop continuously in time. However, it constitutes an exception from the principle of the conservation of orbital symmetry and thus is indeed an exception from the Woodward–Hoffmann rules. In contrast, the ring‐opening of unsubstituted cyclobutene proceeds in a conrotatory fashion. This shows that the breaking of the Woodward–Hoffmann rules is significantly facilitated by the substituents.
MRI Thermometry Based on Encapsulated Hyperpolarized Xenon
Authors: Schilling Franz , Schröder Leif , Palaniappan Krishnan K. , Zapf Sina , Wemmer David E. , Pines Alexander 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new approach to MRI thermometry using encapsulated hyperpolarized xenon is demonstrated. The method is based on the temperature dependent chemical shift of hyperpolarized xenon in a cryptophane‐A cage. This shift is linear with a slope of 0.29 ppm °C−1 which is perceptibly higher than the shift of the proton resonance frequency of water (ca. 0.01 ppm °C−1) that is currently used for MRI thermometry. Using spectroscopic imaging techniques, we collected temperature maps of a phantom sample that could discriminate by direct NMR detection between temperature differences of 0.1 °C at a sensor concentration of 150 μM. Alternatively, the xenon‐in‐cage chemical shift was determined by indirect detection using saturation transfer techniques (Hyper‐CEST) that allow detection of nanomolar agent concentrations. Thermometry based on hyperpolarized xenon sensors improves the accuracy of currently available MRI thermometry methods, potentially giving rise to biomedical applications of biosensors functionalized for binding to specific target molecules.
Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Carbon and Carbon–Metal Nanocomposites Using a Natural Cellular Material as the Carbon Precursor
Authors: Li Fengbin , Li Ling , Liao Xingzhi , Tong Ling , Chen Zhiquan , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo‐dimensional carbon nanostructures, including carbon nanoflakes that are formed from the disassembly of carbon foams and carbon–metal composites, were directly synthesized using the stem pith of the rice‐paper plant (SPRP) as the carbon precursor and also the synthesis template. SPRP has a foamlike porous structure. SPRP was pyrolyzed to prepare carbon foam with ultralow apparent density, and this foam was ruptured to produce carbon nanoflakes with a lateral size up to hundreds of micrometers and a thickness of approximately 100 nm. Palladium and platinum were added to the SPRP foams by wet impregnation, and the impregnated foams were subsequently converted into composites of metal nanoparticles and carbon in the form of foams or nanoflakes. The composites were characterized using electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The metal nanoparticles were found to be highly crystalline with diameters in the range of several tens of nanometers (palladium) and several nanometers (platinum), and were uniformly distributed throughout the carbon nanoflakes. The amount of metal in the composite was tunable by changing the impregnation time and the concentration of the impregnation solution.
Enhancing production of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase Lip2 in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Yu Mingrui , Wen Sai , Tan Tianwei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe extracellular lipase Lip2 from Yarrowia lipolytica (YlLip2) has been widely used as a catalyst in industry for biodiesel production, esters synthesis and optical resolution of chiral compounds. YlLip2 was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of the AOX1 promoter. To further improve lipase production in P. pastoris, we constructed multi‐copy lipase gene Lip2 clones using high Zeocin concentration screening. Two clones which can resist 1000 µg/mL Zeocin showed higher lipase production in shaking flasks. Southern blot analysis showed that three lipase genes were integrated into the genome of P. pastoris GS115. Low temperature (25°C) could also improve the extracellular lipase yield. A high lipase activity of 42 900 U/mL (3.4 g total protein and 2.16 g lipase per liter) was obtained using the three copy integration clone in fed‐batch fermentation using basal salt medium, which was 2.5‐fold higher than that using a single copy clone. The high yield of lipase YlLip2 in P. pastoris could decrease the price of this biocatalyst and accelerate its industrial applications.
The microcosm of a biogas fermenter: Comparison of moderate hyperthermophilic (60°C) with thermophilic (55°C) conditions
Authors: Krakat Niclas , Westphal Antje , Satke Kaspar , Schmidt Stefan , Scherer Paul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn automated biogas fermenter running continuously for about two years using fodder and sugar beet silage as mono‐substrate without manure addition was analyzed simultaneously by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and microscopy. In this long‐term fermentation study, an oscillating population of prokaryotes was observed. The presence of most bacteria expected to be involved in hydrolysis of biomass via the anaerobic food chain was confirmed. In any case the methanogen population appeared more stable as it exhibited a lesser degree of variability. The more fluctuating population structure of the bacteria might be due to the fact that most of them were carbohydrate fermenting species which were therefore somewhat interchangeable. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens using H2+CO2 as substrate (Methanobacteriales and Methanomicrobiales) clearly dominated. Therefore, the methanogenesis of energy crops is apparently initiated by gasification to H2+CO2 followed by the biogasification to CH4+CO2. Acetotrophic methanogens (Methanosarcinales) represented a minority with a proportion of 10% or less of the methanogenic population (only at 55°C). The acetotrophic Methanosaeta seemed to be completely absent at temperatures of 55 or 60°C. Pure culture studies established previously that Methanobacteria tolerate at least a sixfold higher ammonium concentration (6000 mg/L) than Methanosaeta and a twofold higher ammonium concentration than Methansarcina. This indicates that running industrial scale fermenters at thermophilic instead of the common mesophilic conditions might be an effective way to exclude the more stress susceptible (e.g. high concentration of ammonium, H2S and acetate) acetotrophic methanogens and therefore improve the reliability of such plants.
Protective effect of edaravone against PrP106‐126–induced PC12 cell death
Authors: Pan Yong‐Hui , Wang Yong‐Chen , Zhang Li‐Ming , Duan Shu‐Rong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe prion protein peptide PrP106‐126 induces cell apoptosis through mechanisms involving production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The present study investigated the effects of edaravone, a potent free radical scavenger in clinical use, on cell cytotoxicity induced by PrP106‐126. Results showed that PrP106‐126 decreased PC12 cell viability in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Edaravone significantly antagonized the cytotoxic effects of PrP106‐126. Mechanistically, PrP106‐126 decreased PC 12 intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, increased concentrations of the oxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA), depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, and increased caspase‐3 activity. Edaravone alone did not affect GSH, SOD, or MDA but did effectively reverse all of the intracellular prooxidant effects induced by PrP106‐126 and inhibit induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. In conclusion, edaravone may be a viable candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress‐induced neurodegenerative disease. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:235–241, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20330
Raman spectroscopic study of medieval Indian art of 17th century
Authors: Ravindran T. R. , Arora A. K. , Ramya S. , Subba Rao R. V. , Raj Baldev 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report the first Raman spectroscopic investigations of medieval Indian art of 17th century. Three miniature paintings, belonging to Mogul and Rajput schools from the collections of the Madras Museum, were investigated by micro‐Raman spectroscopy using different excitation wavelengths. Many areas in the paintings exhibited rich spectra containing several intense Raman bands. The Raman bands were assigned on the basis of the reported reference spectra of the pigments. Evidences for the presence of massicot, red‐lead, lead‐white, vermilion, litharge, Indian yellow and anatase are found. In addition, tentative assignments of some of the Raman bands to atacamite and orpiment are also made. The present studies suggest that several mineral‐based unique pigments were popular among the Indian artists of this period. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene Rubber (NBR) Prepared via Living/Controlled Radical Polymerization (RAFT)
Authors: Kaiser Andreas , Brandau Sven , Klimpel Michael , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the current work we present results on the controlled/living radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and 1,3‐butadiene (BD) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization techniques. For the first time, a solution polymerization process for the synthesis of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) via the use of dithioacetate and trithiocarbonate RAFT agents is described. It is demonstrated that the number average molar mass, $\overline M _{\rm n} $, of the NBR can be varied between a few thousand and 60 000 g · mol−1 with polydispersities between 1.2 and 2.0 (depending on the monomer to polymer conversion). Excellent agreement between the experimentally observed and the theoretically expected molar masses is found. Detailed information on the structure of the synthesized polymers is obtained by variable analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS).magnified image
DNA‐Templated Synthesis of Cationic Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Derivative for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Tang Hongwei , Chen Lili , Xing Chengfen , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wang Shu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new cationic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)–DNA composite (P(EDOT‐N)‐DNA) has been prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of EDOT‐N monomer in the presence of salmon DNA as template. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the P(EDOT‐N)–DNA composite forms a porous pattern with a high surface area that is favorable for ion diffusion throughout the materials, which leads to improved capacitive activity. The P(EDOT‐N)–DNA composite exhibits superior capacitance behavior as well as good charge–discharge reversibility. The P(EDOT‐N)–DNA composite shows low cytotoxicity to living cells even at a concentration of 300 mg · L−1. The good biocompatibility of P(EDOT‐N)–DNA imparts good potential as an environmentally friendly electrode material for energy storage devices, even in a biological environment owing to the combination of DNA with conjugated polymers.magnified image
Enhanced ionic conductivity in PEO/PMMA glassy miscible blends: Role of nano‐confinement of minority component chains
Authors: Jeddi Kazem , Qazvini Nader Taheri , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAC impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the ionic conductivity of solution cast poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends doped with lithium perchlorate. At low PEO contents (below overlap weight fraction w*), ionic conductivities are almost low. This could be due to nearly distant PEO chains in blend, which means ion transportation cannot be performed adequately. However, at weight fractions well above w*, a significant increase in ionic conductivity was observed. This enhanced ionic conductivity mimics the PEO segmental relaxation in rigid PMMA matrix, which can be attributed to the accelerated motions of confined PEO chains in PMMA matrix. At PEO content higher than 20 wt % the conductivity measured at room temperature drops due to crystallization of PEO. However by increasing temperature to temperatures well above the melting point of PEO, a sudden increase of conductivity was observed which was attributed to phase transition from crystalline to amorphous state. The results indicate that some PEO/PMMA blends with well enough PEO content, which are structurally solid, can be considered as an interesting candidate for usage as solid‐state electrolytes in Lithium batteries. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 2065–2071, 2010
Application of imaging mass spectrometry for the analysis of Oryza sativa rice
Authors: Zaima Nobuhiro , Goto‐Inoue Naoko , Hayasaka Takahiro , Setou Mitsutoshi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRice is one of the most important food crops in the world and new varieties have been bred for specific purposes, such as the development of drought‐resistance, or the enrichment of functional food factors. The localization and composition of metabolites in such new varieties must be investigated because all artificial interventions are expected to change the metabolites of rice. Imaging mass spectrometry using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI‐IMS) is a suitable tool for investigating the localization and composition of metabolites; however, suitable methodologies for the MALDI‐IMS analysis of rice have not yet been established. In this study, we optimized the methods for analyzing rice grains by MALDI‐IMS using adhesive film and found the characteristic distribution of metabolites in rice. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was localized in the endosperm. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), γ‐oryzanol and phytic acid were localized in the bran (germ and seed coat), and α‐tocopherol was distributed in the germ (especially in the scutellum). In addition, MALDI‐IMS revealed the LPC and PC composition of the rice samples. The LPC composition, LPC (1‐acyl 16:0), LPC (1‐acyl 18:2), LPC (1‐acyl 18:1) and LPC (1‐acyl 18:0), was 59.4 ± 4.5%, 19.6 ± 2.5%, 14.2 ± 4.5% and 6.8 ± 1.4%. The PC composition, PC (diacyl 16:0/18:2), PC (diacyl 16:0/18:1), PC (diacyl 18:1/18:3), PC (diacyl 18:1/18:2) and PC (diacyl 18:1/18:2), was 19.6 ± 1.0%, 21.0 ± 1.0%, 15.0 ± 1.4%, 26.7 ± 0.7% and 17.8 ± 1.9%. This approach can be applied to the assessment of metabolites not only in rice, but also in other foods for which the preparation of sections is a challenging task. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methamphetamine induces striatal neurokinin‐1 receptor endocytosis primarily in somatostatin/NPY/NOS interneurons and the role of dopamine receptors in mice
Authors: Wang Jing , Angulo Jesus A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant that induces long‐term deficits of dopamine terminal markers and apoptotic cell death in the striatum. Our laboratory demonstrated that pharmacological blockade of the neurokinin‐1 receptor attenuated the METH‐induced damage to the striatal dopamine terminals and the apoptotic cell death of some striatal neurons. Here, we used histological methods to assess the effect of METH on neurokinin‐1 receptor trafficking in the striatum as an indirect index of signaling by the neuropeptide substance P (natural ligand for this receptor). Male mice received a single injection of METH (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and were sacrificed 30 min later. Immunohistofluorescence confocal microscopy confirmed that the neurokinin‐1 receptor is located on cholinergic and somatostatin interneurons of the striatum. METH induced the trafficking of the neurokinin‐1 receptor from the membrane into cytoplasmic endosomes primarily in the somatostatin/NPY/NOS interneurons, and this phenomenon was attenuated by antagonists of the dopamine D1 (SCH‐23390), D2 (raclopride), or neurokinin‐1 (WIN‐51,708) receptors. These data demonstrate that METH induces the trafficking of the striatal neurokinin‐1 receptors principally in the somatostatin/NPY/NOS interneurons and that this phenomenon is dependent on the activity of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenylketonuria as a model for protein misfolding diseases and for the development of next generation orphan drugs for patients with inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Muntau Ania C. , Gersting Søren W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe lecture dedicated to Professor Horst Bickel describes the advances, successes, and opportunities concerning the understanding of the biochemical and molecular basis of phenylketonuria and the innovative treatment strategies introduced for these patients during the last 60 years. These concepts were transferred to other inborn errors of metabolism and led to significant reduction in morbidity and to an improvement in quality of life. Important milestones were the successful development of a low‐phenylalanine diet for phenylketonuria patients, the recognition of tetrahydrobiopterin as an option to treat these individuals pharmacologically, and finally market approval of this drug. The work related to the discovery of a pharmacological treatment led metabolic researchers and pediatricians to new insights into the molecular processes linked to mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene at the cellular and structural level. Again, phenylketonuria became a prototype disorder for a previously underestimated but now rapidly expanding group of diseases: protein misfolding disorders with loss of function. Due to potential general biological mechanisms underlying these disorders, the door may soon open to a systematic development of a new class of pharmaceutical products. These pharmacological chaperones are likely to correct misfolding of proteins involved in numerous genetic and nongenetic diseases.