bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HHV‐6 IgG4 isotype response following measles infection
Authors: Ferreyra Leonardo , Bustos Dolores , Biganzoli Patricia , Isa Maria Beatriz , Don Paola Sicilia , Ribechini Eliana , Nates Silvia Viviana , Pavan Jorge Victorio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) is widespread in the human population by infecting most individuals in early childhood. After primary infection, HHV‐6 establishes a latent infection by remaining in circulating mononuclear cells of healthy individuals. The HHV‐6 antibody titer increases after primary infection with measles virus. The present study was undertaken to determine the specific antiviral IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 subclass response patterns to HHV‐6 in HHV‐6‐seropositive individuals with natural measles virus infection, measles vaccination, and rubella virus infection. The purpose of this study was to examine HHV‐6‐specific IgG isotype response in patients with acute virus coinfection. Serum samples were obtained from individuals who were seropositive for HHV‐6 after natural primary infection with measles virus during an outbreak, measles vaccination, or rubella virus infection, and from healthy individuals. Sera were examined by indirect immunofluorescence assays for detection of HHV‐6‐specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 antibodies. A high percentage (69%) of those infected with measles virus had an HHV‐6 IgG1 and IgG4 response (P < 0.001, χ2 test), whereas persons vaccinated against measles, those infected with rubella, and healthy individuals showed an HHV‐6 IgG1 response. These results demonstrate that natural measles virus infection induces an HHV‐6 IgG isotype response, which suggests a shift in immune activity from a Th1 to a Th2 response. J. Med. Virol. 82:396–399, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new genotype 2 subcluster identified among GBV‐C strains circulating in the Lisbon metropolitan area of Portugal
Authors: Branco Cristina , Esteves Aida , Piedade João , Parreira Ricardo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe rate of infection by the GBV‐C virus was investigated in a group of 214 individuals at high risk of infection with parenterally transmitted viruses, and all living in the Lisbon metropolitan area (Portugal). RNA was extracted from plasma samples, and a fragment of the 5′‐UTR was amplified by RT‐PCR, disclosing a high prevalence of infection (40.7%). Most probably due to similar modes of viral transmission, the majority of GBV‐C (+) individuals were found to be coinfected with HIV and/or HCV. A genomic region covering part of the E1/E2 glycoprotein coding sequence was amplified from approximately half of the GBV‐C positive samples (44/87). Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences showed segregation of Portuguese GBV‐C strains with genotype 1 (G1, n = 10) and genotype 2 (G2, n = 24) references. Genotype 1 was significantly associated with the African descent of those infected. Curiously, some of the strains assigned to genotype 2 were shown to form a separate cluster (designated G2*) in both neighbor‐joining and Bayesian phylogenetic trees, which was confirmed by multivariate principal coordinate analysis. However, analysis of the distribution of intra‐ and intergenotype genetic distances support the hypothesis that rather than corresponding to a new viral genotype, G2* is a geographical subcluster within the genotype 2 radiation. J. Med. Virol. 82:452–459, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An aseptic meningitis outbreak caused by echovirus 6 in Anhui province, China
Authors: Mao Naiying , Zhao Liping , Zhu Zhen , Chen Xia , Zhou Shujie , Zhang Yan , Cui Aili , Ji Yixin , Xu Songtao , Xu WenBo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn outbreak of aseptic meningitis (AM) occurred in Jinzhai County in Anhui province from April to July in 2005. Totally, 97 children aged 3–15 years were hospitalized. To identify the etiologic agent, 77 cerebrospinal fluid specimens (CSF) and 5 fecal specimens were collected from the patients and cultured by human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line. Thirty isolates of human echovirus 6 (E6) from 27 CSF and 3 fecal specimens were confirmed by neutralization assay and sequencing analysis of the VP1 gene. The homology of VP1 gene among Anhui isolates was 99.7–100.0% and it indicated that this AM outbreak probable caused by a single transmission link of E6. Phylogenetic analysis based on all the available complete VP1 sequences indicated that E6 could be divided into clusters A, B, and C with at least 15% diversity between clusters and the C cluster could be further divided into C1, C2, C3, and C4. The Anhui isolates most resembled a 2005 strain from Russia (25465 Tambov) and belong to C4. This is the first report that E6 was responsible for an outbreak of AM in China. J. Med. Virol. 82:441–445, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prevalence of antibodies to adenovirus serotype 5 in an adult Indian population and implications for adenovirus vector vaccines
Authors: Pilankatta Rajendra , Chawla Tanu , Khanna Navin , Swaminathan Sathyamangalam 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn vivo gene delivery using human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdV5) vectors is being explored for vaccination purposes. The presence of anti‐AdV5 antibodies in human serum arising from natural exposure to AdV5 can interfere potentially with and compromise the efficacy of rAdV5‐based vaccine vectors. In this report, a collection of 114 sera from healthy adult Indian blood donors was analyzed for the presence of anti‐AdV5 antibodies, using an AdV5 vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to monitor the presence of anti‐AdV5 neutralizing antibodies in human sera based on their ability to block virus entry into HeLa cells which express the Coxsackievirus‐and‐Adenovirus Receptor (CAR). In this assay all samples tested were positive for anti‐AdV5 antibodies, with titers varying over a very wide range. It was also observed that these antibodies facilitated the uptake of the reporter AdV5 vector into the monocytic cell line U937 which does not express CAR, but expresses Fc receptors (FcRs) instead. These observations have implications for rAdV5‐based vaccine development. J. Med. Virol. 82:407–414, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV‐1 primary and secondary antiretroviral drug resistance and genetic diversity among pregnant women from central Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Ludimila Paula Vaz , Pereira Gisner Alves Souza , Viegas Ângela Alves , Schmaltz Luiza Emylce Pelá Rosado , Stefani Mariane Martins de Araújo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAntiretroviral (ARV) resistance mutations in HIV‐1 may reduce the efficacy of prophylactic therapy to mother‐to‐child transmission and impact future treatment options. ARV resistance mutations and HIV‐1 phylogenetic diversity in protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes were assessed among 77 pregnant women (35 naïve, 42 treated with ARV) from Goiânia/Goiás, central west Brazil. ARV mutations in PR/RT genes were analyzed against the Stanford Database, PR/RT HIV‐1 subtypes were assigned by phylogenetic analysis and env/gag subtypes were identified by heteroduplex mobility analysis (HMA). Naïve patients had accessory mutations in the PR gene [A71T (1/6), L10V (2/6), L10I (3/6)] and in the RT gene [V118I (2/6), V179D (1/6), V106I (1/6), K101Q (1/6), H221Y (1/6)]. Seven patients (16.7%) under ARV presented drug resistance mutations, one of them to three ARV classes. Most isolates (67.5%) were subtype B, 11.7% subtype F1 and 3.9% subtype C. Recombinant BPR/F1RT viruses represented 10.4% while F1PR/BRT viruses made up 6.5%. HIV‐1 envgag/PRRT genes were identified as 66.2% subtype B, 3.9% subtype C, 6.5% subtype F1 and approximately 25% B and F1 viruses. HIV‐1 genetic diversity in envgag/PRRT genes indicates the spread and dissemination of BF1 recombinant viruses among a significant proportion of patients from central west Brazil. Moreover, discovery of HIV‐1 secondary resistance among a considerable number of pregnant women under ARV therapy indicates the importance of genotypic testing during pregnancy for optimal prophylactic intervention. J. Med. Virol. 82:351–357, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of astrovirus infection in children with diarrhea in Beijing, 2005–2007
Authors: Guo Li , Xu Xiwei , Song Jingdong , Wang Wei , Wang Jianwei , Hung Tao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHuman astroviruses (HAstVs) have been recognized as one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. To provide more insight into the prevalence of HAstV gastroenteritis in China, 664 fecal samples were collected from children affected with acute gastroenteritis in Beijing from March 2005 to November 2007. The samples were analyzed genetically. All eight serotypes (genotypes) of HAstVs were screened using RT‐PCR assays targeting the ORF2 region in the study. The assays detected HAstVs in 52 (7.8%) of the patients, with HAstV‐1 (50/52) being the dominant genotype during the study period. Two minor genotypes, HAstV‐6 and HAstV‐3, were also detected. Partial sequencing of the 50 HAstV‐1 strains showed that the homology of the nucleotide sequence of the ORF1a region between these strains was 88.4–100%, whereas the homology of the amino acid sequences was 95.6–100%. In the ORF2 partial region, the nucleotide identities ranged from 91.5% to 100%, and amino acid identities ranged from 97.3% to 100%. The identity of the whole genome sequence between four randomly examined HAstV‐1 strains was 91–99%. No recombination events were observed in HAstVs in this study. The findings of this study will provide baseline data for HAstVs surveillance and control. J. Med. Virol. 82:415–423, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulation of femtosecond pulsed laser effects on MOS electronics using TCAD Sentaurus customized models
Authors: Palomo F. R. , Fernández‐Martínez P. , Mogollón J. M. , Hidalgo S. , Aguirre M. A. , Flores D. , López‐Calle I. , de Agapito J. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPulsed laser illumination constitutes an excellent tool to emulate the effects produced by the impact of highly energetic particles on electronic circuits. Numerical simulation techniques could be used to study these effects and to establish accurate relationships between the laser parameters and the particle characteristics. Unfortunately, although particle incidence can be accurately simulated, up to now, there not exist a simulation technique able to reproduce completely the effects in electronics produced by a femtosecond pulsed laser. In this paper, we explore the Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD ability to simulate the effects of pulsed laser illumination. Theoretical study of the physics of the laser–semiconductor interactions leads us to design a new simulation tool. Modifying the heavy ion generation rate included in Sentaurus TCAD, we can take into account all the theoretical predicted characteristics of femtosecond laser illumination, and reproduce the single event effects (SEE) found in experimental tests. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of hydrophilic interaction chromatography retention coefficients for predicting peptide elution with TFA and methanesulfonic acid ion‐pairing reagents
Authors: Wujcik Chad E. , Tweed Joseph , Kadar Eugene P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHydrophilic retention coefficients for 17 peptides were calculated based on retention coefficients previously published for TSKgel silica‐60 and were compared with the experimental elution profile on a Waters Atlantis HILIC silica column using TFA and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as ion‐pairing reagents. Relative peptide retention could be accurately determined with both counter‐ions. Peptide retention and chromatographic behavior were influenced by the percent acid modifier used with increases in both retention and peak symmetry observed at increasing modifier concentrations. The enhancement of net peptide polarity through MSA pairing shifted retention out by nearly five‐fold for the earliest eluting peptide, compared with TFA. Despite improvements in retention and efficiency (Neff) for MSA over TFA, a consistent reduction in calculated selectivity (α) was observed. This result is believed to be attributed to the stronger polar contribution of MSA masking and diminishing the underlying influence of the amino acid residues of each associated peptide. Finally, post‐column infusion of propionic acid and acetic acid was evaluated for their potential to recover signal intensity for TFA and MSA counter‐ions for LC‐ESI‐MS applications. Acetic acid generally yielded more substantial signal improvements over propionic acid on the TFA system while minimal benefits and some further reductions were noted with MSA.
Competition in prescription drug markets: is parallel trade the answer?
Authors: Kanavos Panos , Vandoros Sotiris 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article uses a price determination model with dynamic panel data estimation to examine the extent to which pharmaceutical parallel trade promotes price competition and leads to downward price convergence. Little evidence of sustainable price competition is found. We find that prices are mainly affected by regulation and by competition in the wholesale distribution chain; that the pricing strategy of parallel distributors resembles that of originator drugs in importing countries; and that there may be upward rather than downward price convergence. Drawing on the European evidence, the findings also indicate that opening the US market to parallel imports will not necessarily lead to competition and enhance pharmaceutical cost containment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of caffeine on striatal neurotransmission: Focus on cannabinoid CB1 receptors
Authors: Rossi Silvia , De Chiara Valentina , Musella Alessandra , Mataluni Giorgia , Sacchetti Lucia , Siracusano Alberto , Bernardi Giorgio , Usiello Alessandro , Centonze Diego 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCaffeine is the most commonly self‐administered psychoactive substance worldwide. At usual doses, the effects of caffeine on vigilance, attention, mood and arousal largely depend on the modulation of central adenosine receptors. The present review article describes the action of caffeine within the striatum, to provide a possible molecular mechanism at the basis of the psychomotor and reinforcing properties of this pharmacological agent. The striatum is in fact a subcortical area involved in sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional processes, and recent experimental findings showed that chronic caffeine consumption enhances the sensitivity of striatal GABAergic synapses to the stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. The endocannabinoid system is involved in the psychoactive effects of many compounds, and adenosine A2A receptors (the main receptor target of caffeine) elicit a permissive effect towards CB1 receptors, thus suggesting that A2A‐CB1 receptor interaction plays a major role in the generation and maintenance of caffeine reinforcing behavior. Aim of this review is to describe the effects of caffeine on striatal neurotransmission with special reference to the modulation of the endocannabinoid system.
Xanthohumol, a chalcon derived from hops, inhibits hepatic inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Dorn Christoph , Kraus Birgit , Motyl Magdalena , Weiss Thomas S. , Gehrig Manfred , Schölmerich Jürgen , Heilmann Jörg , Hellerbrand Claus 
Published: January 2010

AbstractXanthohumol (XN) is a major prenylated chalcone found in hops, which is used to add bitterness and flavor to beer. In this study, we first investigated the effects of XN on hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the central mediators of liver fibrogenesis. XN inhibited the activation of primary human HSC and induced apoptosis in activated HSC in vitro in a dose dependent manner (0–20 μM). In contrast, XN doses as high as 50 μM did not impair viability of primary human hepatocytes. However, in both cell types XN inhibited activation of the transcription factor NFκB and expression of NFκB dependent proinflammatory genes. In vivo, feeding of XN reduced hepatic inflammation and expression of profibrogenic genes in a murine model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. These data indicate that XN has the potential as functional nutrient for the prevention or treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis or other chronic liver disease.
On computing upper and lower bounds on the outputs of linear elasticity problems approximated by the smoothed finite element method
Authors: Xuan Z. C. , Lassila T. , Rozza G. , Quarteroni A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractVerification of the computation of local quantities of interest, e.g. the displacements at a point, the stresses in a local area and the stress intensity factors at crack tips, plays an important role in improving the structural design for safety. In this paper, the smoothed finite element method (SFEM) is used for finding upper and lower bounds on the local quantities of interest that are outputs of the displacement field for linear elasticity problems, based on bounds on strain energy in both the primal and dual problems. One important feature of SFEM is that it bounds the strain energy of the structure from above without needing the solutions of different subproblems that are based on elements or patches but only requires the direct finite element computation. Upper and lower bounds on two linear outputs and one quadratic output related with elasticity—the local reaction, the local displacement and the J‐integral—are computed by the proposed method in two different examples. Some issues with SFEM that remain to be resolved are also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of artificial deformation on cranial morphogenesis in the south central Andes
Authors: Cocilovo J. A. , Varela H. H. , O'Brien T. G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOne of the most interesting issues of the interface between biology and culture is the artificial deformation of the skull. This modification is produced during early morphogenesis through the use of devices that alter the normal growth and development, to obtain a culturally established model. This paper, using a large cranial sample from the South Central Andes (1586 individuals), describes and documents a detailed morphometric study of the changes affecting the vault, cranial base, face, orbits and nasal region resulting from the tabular erect (TE), tabular oblique (TO), circular erect (CE) and circular oblique (CO) deformations with respect to the model without deformation. Data from 17 metric variables were processed by a one‐way ANOVA and LSD test for paired comparisons. All of the deformation types produce significant morphometric divergence in most of the anatomical structures of the skull. The TE exhibits: a restriction of antero‐posterior growth producing expansion in cranial width and height, frontal flattening, shortening of the face and cranial base, widening of the face, increased nasal and orbit height (ORH) and a foramen magnum size increase. The TO exhibits: most change reflected in the widening of the cranial vault, shortening of the cranial base and face, frontal flattening, increased nasal and ORH and foramen magnum size decrease. The CE style exhibits: a decrease in cranial width and strong increase in the cranial height, a reduction in frontal width, expansion of the cranial base and face, increased nasal and ORH, orbital widening and a foramen magnum size increase. The CO style exhibits: a decrease of the cranial vault's width and height, expansion along its length, stretching of the cranial base and face, reduced frontal width, fronto‐malar and biorbitary elongation of the face and further development of foramen magnum. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Socioeconomic position and secondary preventive therapy after an AMI
Authors: Ohlsson Henrik , Rosvall Maria , Hansen Ole , Chaix Basile , Merlo Juan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association between socioeconomic position and use of lipid‐lowering drugs and ACE‐inhibitors after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) when simultaneously considering participation in the national quality register RIKS‐HIA (Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive care Admissions), age, sex and previous hospitalizations of the patients.MethodsPopulation‐based prospective cohort study included all 1346 AMI patients cared in the county of Scania, Sweden during 2006 of whom 1061 were register at the RIKS‐HIA. Treatment with lipid‐lowering and ACE‐inhibiting therapy in relation to income was investigated with Cox and logistic regression modelling.ResultsIn the whole population of AMI patients, high income patients had a higher adherence to guidelines for pharmacological secondary prevention than low income patients (HRlipid‐lowering drug: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.12–1.49 and HRACE‐inhibitor therapy: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.04–1.43). Among RIKS‐HIA participants, patients with high income presented a better adherence to lipid‐lowering treatment than patients with low income (HR: 1.15; 95%CI: 0.98–1.34).ConclusionOur investigation reveals that the Swedish goal of access to health care on equal terms and according to needs is still not fully accomplished. Moreover, since this pattern of inequity in pharmacological secondary prevention may lead to the recurrence of heart disease, these inequities are not only a matter of fairness and social justice, but also a potential (and modifiable) source of ineffectiveness and inefficiency in health care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive evaluation of the role of EZH2 in the growth, invasion, and aggression of a panel of prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Karanikolas Breanne D.W. , Figueiredo Marxa L. , Wu Lily 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough most prostate cancers respond well to initial treatments, a fraction of prostate cancers are more aggressive and will recur and metastasize. At that point, there are few treatment options available. Significant efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that will identify these more aggressive cancers to tailor a more vigorous treatment in order to improve outcome. Polycomb Group protein enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) was found to be overexpressed in metastatic prostate tumors, and is considered an excellent candidate for such a biomarker. Scattered studies have found that EZH2 overexpression causes neoplastic transformation, invasion, and growth of prostate cells. However, these studies utilized different systems and cell lines, and so are difficult to correlate with one another.METHODSIn this study, a comprehensive evaluation of the phenotypic effects of EZH2 in a panel of five prostate cancer cell lines was performed. By using multiple cell lines, and examining overexpression and knockdown of EZH2 concurrently, a broad view of EZH2's role in prostate cancer was achieved.RESULTSOverexpression of EZH2 led to more aggressive behaviors in all prostate cell lines tested. In contrast, downregulation of EZH2 reduced invasion and tumorigenicity of androgen‐independent (AI) cell lines CWR22Rv1, PC3, and DU145, but not of androgen‐dependent (AD) cell lines LAPC4 and LNCaP.CONCLUSIONSFindings from this study suggest that AI prostate tumors are more dependent on EZH2 expression than AD tumors. Our observations provide an explanation for the strong correlation between EZH2 overexpression and advanced stage, aggressive prostate cancers. Prostate 70: 675–688, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.