bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speeding up the simulation of deformable objects through mesh improvement
Authors: Gutiérrez Luis F. , Aguinaga Iker , Harders Matthias , Ramos Félix 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe propose a novel mesh optimization approach that is useful for speeding up a simulation of finite elements‐based deformable objects. The approach is based on a quality metric derived from the critical simulation time step of explicit time integration schemes (i.e., the stability limit for the integration of dynamic equations). Our mesh smoothing approach consists of a set of small and independent spring systems. These are made up of a reference mesh node connected to a set of fixed endpoints, which represent the positions that maximize the time step of the elements adjacent to that node. The reference node is displaced to an equilibrium position through a few local iterations. Each spring's stiffness is weighted depending on the quality of its corresponding element. All spring systems can be computed in parallel. Global iterations update the mesh and spring systems. In addition, we combine our smoothing algorithm with topological transformations. With this approach, the simulation performance could be increased by more than 30% depending on the mesh. This approach is suitable for the generation of finite element method meshes, particularly those requiring interactive applications and haptic rendering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations of the p53 and PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR pathways in angiosarcomas
Authors: Italiano Antoine , Chen Chun‐Liang , Thomas Rachael , Breen Matthew , Bonnet Françoise , Sevenet Nicolas , Longy Michel , Maki Robert G. , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The p53 and phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide/v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR) pathways frequently are altered in sarcoma with complex genomics, such as leiomyosarcoma (LMS) or undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). The scale of genetic abnormalities in these pathways remains unknown in angiosarcoma (AS).METHODS:The authors investigated the status of critical genes involved in the p53 and PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR pathways in a series of 62 AS.RESULTS:The mutation and deletion rates of tumor protein 53 (TP53) were 4% and 0%, respectively. Overexpression of p53 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 49% of patients and was associated with inferior disease‐free survival. Although p14 inactivation or overexpression of the human murine double minute homolog (HDM2) were frequent in LMS and UPS and could substitute for TP53 mutation or deletion, such alterations were rare in angiosarcomas. Phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p‐S6K) and/or phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (p‐4eBP1) overexpression was observed in 42% of patients, suggesting frequent activation of the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR pathway in angiosarcomas. Activation was not related to intragenic deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), an aberration that is frequent in LMS and UPS but absent in angiosarcomas.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that angiosarcomas constitute a distinct subgroup among sarcomas with complex genomics. Although TP53 mutation and PTEN deletion are frequent in LMS and UPS, these aberrations are rarely involved in the pathogenesis of angiosarcoma. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
A phase 1 study of weekly dosing of trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1) in patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor 2–positive breast cancer
Authors: Beeram Muralidhar , Krop Ian E. , Burris Howard A. , Girish Sandhya R. , Yu Wei , Lu Michael W. , Holden Scott N. , Modi Shanu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:We conducted a phase 1, multicenter, open‐label, dose‐escalation study (TDM3569g) to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single‐agent trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1) administered weekly and once every 3 weeks in patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer previously treated with trastuzumab. The weekly dose results are described here.METHODS:Patients were administered escalating doses of T‐DM1 weekly, starting at 1.2 mg/kg. Additional patients were enrolled at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) to better characterize tolerability and pharmacokinetics.RESULTS:Twenty‐eight patients received weekly T‐DM1, and the MTD was determined to be 2.4 mg/kg. In general, T‐DM1 was well tolerated, requiring few dose modifications or discontinuations because of adverse events (AEs). Grade ≥3 AEs were reported in 19 patients (67.9%); treatment‐related AEs occurred in 25 (89.3%) patients. Exposure to weekly T‐DM1 was dose‐proportional at ≥1.2 mg/kg, and accumulation of T‐DM1 and total trastuzumab was observed. Objective partial tumor responses were reported in 13 (46.4%) patients; the median duration of response was 18.6 months, and the 6‐month clinical benefit rate was 57.1%.CONCLUSION:The results suggest that a weekly dose of T‐DM1 2.4 mg/kg has antitumor activity and is well tolerated in patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Optimization of staining conditions for microalgae with three lipophilic dyes to reduce precipitation and fluorescence variability
Authors: Cirulis Judith T. , Strasser Bridget C. , Scott John A. , Ross Gregory M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWhen the fluorescence signal of a dye is being quantified, the staining protocol is an important factor in ensuring accuracy and reproducibility. Increasingly, lipophilic dyes are being used to quantify cellular lipids in microalgae. However, there is little discussion about the sensitivity of these dyes to staining conditions. To address this, microalgae were stained with either the lipophilic dyes often used for lipid quantification (Nile Red and BODIPY) or a lipophilic dye commonly used to stain neuronal cell membranes (DiO), and fluorescence was measured using flow cytometry. The concentration of the cells being stained was found not to affect the fluorescence. Conversely, the concentration of dye significantly affected the fluorescence intensity from either insufficient saturation of the cellular lipids or formation of dye precipitate. Precipitates of all three dyes were detected as events by flow cytometry and fluoresced at a similar intensity as the chlorophyll in the microalgae. Prevention of precipitate formation is, therefore, critical to ensure accurate fluorescence measurement with these dyes. It was also observed that the presence of organic solvents, such as acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were not required to increase penetration of the dyes into cells and that the presence of these solvents resulted in increased cellular debris. Thus, staining conditions affected the fluorescence of all three lipophilic dyes, but Nile Red was found to have a stable fluorescence intensity that was unaffected by the broadest range of conditions and could be correlated to cellular lipid content. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Heterozygous deletion of Atbf1 by the Cre‐loxP system in mice causes preweaning mortality
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Fu Xiaoying , Li Jie , Xing Changsheng , Martin David W. , Zhang Helen Heju , Chen Zhengjia , Dong Jin‐Tang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractATBF1 is a large nuclear protein that contains multiple zinc‐finger motifs and four homeodomains. In mammals, ATBF1 regulates differentiation, and its mutation and/or downregulation is involved in tumorigenesis in several organs. To gain more insight into the physiological functions of ATBF1, we generated and validated a conditional allele of mouse Atbf1 in which exons 7 and 8 were flanked by loxP sites (Atbf1flox). Germline deletion of a single Atbf1 allele was achieved by breeding to EIIa‐cre transgenic mice, and Atbf1 heterozygous mice displayed reduced body weight, preweaning mortality, increased cell proliferation, and attenuated cytokeratin 18 expression, indicating haploinsufficiency of Atbf1. Floxed Atbf1 mice will help us understand such biological processes as neuronal differentiation and tumorigenesis. genesis 1–9, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chiral recognition of imperanene enantiomers by various cyclodextrins: A capillary electrophoresis and NMR spectroscopy study
Authors: Sohajda Tamás , Szakács Zoltán , Szente Lajos , Noszál Béla , Béni Szabolcs 
Published: May 2012

The enantiomers of imperanene, a novel polyphenolic compound of Imperata cylindrica (L.), were separated via cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis. The anionic form of the analyte at pH 9.0 was subject to complexation and enantioseparation CE studies with neutral and charged cyclodextrins. As chiral selectors 27 CDs were applied differing in cavity size, sidechain, degree of substitution (DS) and charge. Three hydroxypropylated and three sulfoalkylated CD preparations provided enantioseparation and the migration order was successfully interpreted in each case in terms of complex mobilities and stability constants. The best enantioresolution (RS = 1.26) was achieved using sulfobutyl‐ether‐γ‐CD (DS ∼4), but it could be enhanced by extensive investigations on dual selector systems. After optimization (CD concentrations and pH) RS = 4.47 was achieved using a 12.5 mM sulfobutyl‐ether‐γ‐CD and 10 mM 6‐monodeoxy‐6‐mono‐(3‐hydroxy)‐propylamino‐β‐cyclodextrin dual system. The average stoichiometry of the complex was determined with Job's method using NMR‐titration and resulted in a 1:1 complex for both (2‐hydroxy)propyl‐β‐ and sulfobutyl‐ether‐γ‐CD. Further NMR experiments suggest that the coniferyl moiety of imperanene is involved in the host‐guest interaction.
Effective force testing using a robust loop shaping controller
Authors: Nakata Narutoshi 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYEffective force testing (EFT) is one of the force‐based experimental methods used for performance evaluation of structures that incorporate dynamic force control using hydraulic actuators. Although previous studies have shown successful implementations of force control, controllable frequency ranges are limited to low frequencies (10 Hz). This study presents the EFT method using a robust loop shaping force feedback controller that can extend the frequency range up to 25 Hz or even higher. Unlike the conventional PID controllers, loop shaping controllers can provide robustness for a high level of force measurement noise. This study investigates the dynamic properties of hydraulic actuators and the design of a loop shaping controller that compensates for control–structure interaction and suppresses the effect of oil‐column resonance. The designed loop shaping controller was successfully implemented into an EFT setup at the Johns Hopkins University. An experimental investigation of the loop shaping controller was performed under step, random, and earthquake force loadings. Experimental results showed that the loop shaping controller provided excellent force tracking performance and robustness for dynamic force loadings. It was also shown that the loop shaping controller had the gain margin of 9.54 dB at the frequency of 28 Hz. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Min‐norm based alphabet‐matching algorithm for adaptive blind equalisation of high‐order QAM signals
Authors: Labed Abdenour , Chonavel Thierry , Aïssa‐El‐Bey Abdeldjalil , Belouchrani Adel 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAn adaptive blind equalisation algorithm for high‐order quadrature amplitude modulations is proposed. It is derived by combining the multi‐modulus criterion and a new alphabet‐matching penalty term. This penalty is based on the minimum ℓ1‐norm of the deviations of the equaliser output from the alphabet elements. Numerical experiments show that the proposed criterion provides higher performance in terms of residual error and convergence speed than the conventional multi‐modulus algorithm and its penalised versions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How organic and analytical chemistry contribute to knowledge of the biogenesis of varietal thiols in wine. A review.
Authors: Roland Aurélie , Cavelier Florine , Schneider Rémi 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTDuring the past 20 years, interest in the involvement of varietal thiols in the aroma of young wines has grown considerably. Most data in the literature dealing with these thiols in wine has focused on 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one, 3‐mercaptohexyl acetate and 3‐mercaptohexan‐1‐ol and demonstrate the central role of the different branches of chemistry in understanding the biotechnological processes responsible for thiol release. This review describes and discusses the chemical strategies used to synthesize volatile thiols and their precursors as well as their final use in order to: (1) elucidate the structure of the precursors, their role and the mechanism of cleavage; (2) determine the sensory contribution of volatile thiols in wine; and (3) develop accurate quantification methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep duration, spot urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin levels and risk of breast cancer among Chinese women in Singapore
Authors: Wu Anna H. , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Wang Renwei , Koh Woon‐Puay , Yuan Jian‐Min , Yu Mimi C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe previously reported an inverse association between sleep duration and breast cancer risk in the prospective, population‐based Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) cohort (Wu et al., Carcinogenesis 2008;29:1244–8). Sleep duration was significantly positively associated with 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) levels determined in a spot urine, but aMT6s levels in breast cancer cases were lacking (Wu et al., Carcinogenesis 2008;29:1244–8). We updated the sleep duration–breast cancer association with 14 years of follow‐up of 34,028 women in the SCHS. In a nested case–control study conducted within the SCHS, randomly timed, prediagnostic urinary aMT6s concentrations were compared between 248 incident breast cancer and 743 individually matched cohort controls. Three female controls were individually matched to each case on age at baseline interview (within 3 years), dialect group, menopausal status, date of baseline interview (within 2 years), date of urine sample collection (within 6 months) and timing of urine collection during the day (within 1 hr). Cox proportional hazards and conditional regression models with appropriate adjustment for confounders were used to examine the sleep– and aMT6s–breast cancer relationships. Breast cancer risk was not significantly associated with sleep duration; adjusted odds ratio (OR) for 9+ vs. ≤6 hr is 0.89 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.64–1.22]. Prediagnostic aMT6s levels did not differ between breast cancer cases and matched controls; adjusted OR for highest versus lowest quartiles is 1.00 (95% CI = 0.64–1.54). We conclude that sleep duration is not significantly associated with breast cancer risk reduction. Melatonin levels derived from randomly timed spot urine are unrelated to breast cancer. Randomly timed, spot urine‐derived melatonin levels are noninformative as surrogates of nocturnal melatonin production.
Latin Squares with Restricted Transversals
Authors: Egan Judith , Wanless Ian M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe original article to which this erratum refers was correctly published online on 1 December 2011. Due to an error at the publisher, it was then published in Journal of Combinatorial Designs 20: 124–141, 2012 without the required shading in several examples. To correct this, the article is here reprinted in full. The publisher regrets this error.We prove that for all odd there exists a latin square of order 3m that contains an latin subrectangle consisting of entries not in any transversal. We prove that for all even there exists a latin square of order n in which there is at least one transversal, but all transversals coincide on a single entry. A corollary is a new proof of the existence of a latin square without an orthogonal mate, for all odd orders . Finally, we report on an extensive computational study of transversal‐free entries and sets of disjoint transversals in the latin squares of order . In particular, we count the number of species of each order that possess an orthogonal mate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Combin. Designs 20: 344–361, 2012
Preparing globally competent leaders through innovative study abroad experiences
Authors: Montgomery John F. , Arensdorf Jill 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNo one could argue with the fact that our world is changing at an exponentially rapid pace. As leadership educators, it is our role to prepare students for change in the global workplace and communities. This article will focus on one university's experiences taking leadership students abroad and using unique activities/discussions to study and build global leadership competencies.
New look at renal vasculature: 7 tesla nonenhanced T1‐weighted FLASH imaging
Authors: Umutlu L. , Maderwald S. , Kraff O. , Kinner S. , Schaefer L.C. , Wrede K. , Antoch G. , Forsting M. , Ladd M.E. , Lauenstein T.C. , Quick H.H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the feasibility of 7 Tesla (T) nonenhanced high field MR imaging of the renal vasculature and to evaluate the diagnostic potential of various nonenhanced T1‐weighted (T1w) sequences.Materials and Methods:Twelve healthy volunteers were examined on a 7T whole‐body MR system (Magnetom 7T, Siemens Healthcare Sector) using a custom‐built eight‐channel radiofrequency (RF) transmit/receive body coil. Subsequent to RF shimming, the following sequences were acquired (i) fat‐saturated two‐dimensional (2D) FLASH, (ii) fat‐saturated 3D FLASH, and a (iii) fat‐saturated 2D time‐of‐flight MR angiography (TOF MRA). SNR and CNR were measured in the aorta and both renal arteries. Qualitative analysis was performed with regard to vessel delineation (5‐point scale: 5 = excellent to 1 = nondiagnostic) and presence of artifacts (5‐point scale: 5 = no artifact present to 1 = strong impairment).Results:The inherently high signal intensity of the renal arterial vasculature in T1w imaging enabled moderate to excellent vessel delineation in all sequences. Qualitative (mean, 4.7) and quantitative analysis (SNRmean: 53.9; CNRmean: 28.0) demonstrated the superiority of TOF MRA, whereas 2D FLASH imaging provided poorest vessel delineation and was most strongly impaired by artifacts (overall impairment 3.7). The 3D FLASH MRI demonstrated its potential for fast high quality imaging of the nonenhanced arterial vasculature, providing homogeneous hyperintense vessel signal.Conclusion:Nonenhanced T1w imaging in general and, TOF MRA in particular, appear to be promising techniques for good quality nonenhanced renal artery assessment at 7 Tesla. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:714–721. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic analysis based on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI for evaluating tumor response to preoperative therapy for oral cancer
Authors: Chikui Toru , Kitamoto Erina , Kawano Shintaro , Sugiura Tsuyoshi , Obara Makoto , Simonetti Arjan W. , Hatakenaka Masamitsu , Matsuo Yoshio , Koga Shoichi , Ohga Masahiro , Nakamura Katsumasa , Yoshiura Kazunori 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate whether a pharmacokinetic analysis is useful for monitoring the response of oral cancer to chemoradiotherapy (CRT).Materials and Methods:Twenty‐nine patients were included. They underwent dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) before and after CRT. The DCE‐MRI data were analyzed using a Tofts and Kermode (TK) model. The histological evaluation of the effects of CRT was performed according to Ohboshi and Shimosato's classification.Results:None of the pre‐CRT parameters were significantly different between the responders and nonresponders. The post‐CRT volume of the extravascular extracellular space (EES) per unit volume of tissue (ve) of responders (0.397 ± 0.080) was higher than that of nonresponders (0.281 ± 0.076) (P = 0.01). The change of the ve between the pre‐ and post‐CRT of the responders (0.154 ± 0.093) was larger than that of the nonresponders (0.033 ± 0.073) (P = 0.001). Therefore, the increase in the ve strongly suggested a good tumor response to CRT, which reflected an increase of the EES secondary to the destruction of the cancer nest. The changes in the volume transfer constant (Ktrans) were significantly different between the responders and nonresponders (P = 0.018).Conclusion:Both the increase of the ve and the elevation of permeability (Ktrans) were indicative of a good tumor response to CRT. The pharmacokinetic analysis had potential for monitoring the histopathological response to CRT. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:589–597. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the characterization of axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Fornasa Francesca , Nesoti Maria Vittoria , Bovo Chiara , Bonavina Maria Giuseppina 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose:To assess prospectively the accuracy of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in differentiating between metastatic and benign axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer.Materials and Methods:In all, 215 patients with histologically proven breast cancer, prior to axillary dissection, underwent breast and axillary 1.5 T MRI. In 102 patients in whom at least one axillary lymph node with a short axis of 6 mm or more was found the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured in one lymph node per patient by means of an echo planar, parallel imaging DWI sequence. Forty‐three lymph nodes were finally included which, on histological examination, either contained a metastasis larger than 5 mm or were metastasis‐free; nodes with metastases smaller than 5 mm were excluded.Results:From histological examination, 19/43 lymph nodes had a metastasis at least 5 mm, while in 24/43 no malignant cells were found. The ADC values of the lymph nodes with metastases (mean: 0.878 × 10−3 mm2/s; range: 0.30 –1.20) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than those of the benign lymph nodes (mean: 1.494; range: 0.60 –2.50). Adopting a threshold value of 1.09 × 10−3 mm2/s DWI resulted in 94.7% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity, and 93.0% accuracy in the identification of metastasis in this series of lymph nodes.Conclusion:From these preliminary data DWI seems a promising method in the differential diagnosis between metastatic and benign axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:858–864. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Higher‐order CN‐FETD method for analysis of microwave circuit structures
Authors: Ding Dazhi Z. , Ye Zhenbao B. , Zhu Xiaoying Y. , Du Lei 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, the hierarchical high‐order basis functions on tetrahedrons are introduced to the Crank–Nicolson (CN) finite‐element time‐domain (FETD) with the 3D Maxwell equations for analysis of the microwave circuit structures. Whitney 1‐form high‐order hierarchical basis functions are used to expand the electric field and Whitney 2‐form high‐order hierarchical basis functions for the magnetic field. The CN scheme is employed in the FETD method to lead to an unconditionally stable algorithm. Numerical results were presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed high‐order CN‐FETD method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.