bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glypican-1 controls brain size through regulation of fibroblast growth factor signaling in early neurogenesis
Authors: Jen Yi-Huei Linda , Musacchio Michele , Lander Arthur D 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Background
Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as co-receptors for multiple families of growth factors that regulate animal cell proliferation, differentiation and patterning. Elimination of heparan sulfate during brain development is known to produce severe structural abnormalities. Here we investigate the developmental role played by one particular HSPG, glypican-1 (Gpc1), which is especially abundant on neuronal cell membranes, and is the major HSPG of the adult rodent brain.

Results
Mice with a null mutation in Gpc1 were generated and found to be viable and fertile. The major phenotype associated with Gpc1 loss is a highly significant reduction in brain size, with only subtle effects on brain patterning (confined to the anterior cerebellum). The brain size difference emerges very early during neurogenesis (between embryonic days 8.5 and 9.5), and remains roughly constant throughout development and adulthood. By examining markers of different signaling pathways, and the differentiation behaviors of cells in the early embryonic brain, we infer that Gpc1-/- phenotypes most likely result from a transient reduction in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Through the analysis of compound mutants, we provide strong evidence that Fgf17 is the FGF family member through which Gpc1 controls brain size.

Conclusion
These data add to a growing literature that implicates the glypican family of HSPGs in organ size control. They also argue that, among heparan sulfate-dependent signaling molecules, FGFs are disproportionately sensitive to loss of HSPGs. Finally, because heterozygous Gpc1 mutant mice were found to have brain sizes half-way between homozygous and wild type, the data imply that endogenous HSPG levels quantitatively control growth factor signaling, a finding that is both novel and relevant to the general question of how the activities of co-receptors are exploited during development.
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis masquerading as interstitial pneumonia in a 66-year-old man: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Makol Ashima , Kosuri Kalyan , Tamkus Deimante , de M Calaca Wanderley , Chang Howard T 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is a rare, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated systemic angiodestructive lymphoproliferative disorder that may progress to a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Pulmonary involvement may mimic other more common lung pathologies including pneumonias. Therapeutic standards have not been established for LG, but rituximab, interferon-α2b (INF-α2b), and chemotherapy have shown to improve symptoms and long term prognosis.We report a case of rapid respiratory deterioration in a 66-year-old man with clinical presentation, chest radiography, pulmonary function testing and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings consistent with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, but very poor response to antibiotics and low dose steroids. Lung biopsy showed histopathology consistent with LG that was confirmed by a positive in situ hybridization for Epstein - Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER). The patient was treated with rituximab and combination chemotherapy and showed significant initial clinical improvement with gradual resolution of abnormal findings on imaging. However, the patient developed pancytopenia as a complication of chemotherapy and died secondary to septic shock and renal failure that were refractory to medical management. Autopsy showed diffuse alveolar damage but no evidence of any residual LG within the lungs.This case demonstrates that an open lung biopsy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical (VATS) biopsy is often necessary to rule out the presence of LG in order to determine the appropriate therapeutic strategy early in the course of illness to improve prognosis.
Fetuin-A serum concentrations in healthy children
Authors: Wigger Marianne , Schaible Jan , Muscheites Jutta , Kundt Guenther , Haffner Dieter , Fischer Dagmar-Christiane 
Published: September 2009

Background Serum fetuin-A has been shown to be a strong risk marker for myocardial infarction/stroke in the general population, and has been associated with vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease. Although these issues are worthy of being addressed in children and adolescents as well, adequate age- and gender-related reference values are missing. Method Within a healthy paediatric population ( n = 246), fetuin-A serum concentrations were determined (ELISA kit; Epitope Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA) essentially as described by the manufacturer. At the same time, serum protein and serum albumin were measured with established procedures (Beckman Coulter Inc., Krefeld, Germany). Subjects were stratified according to age (<1 yr [ n = 25], ≥1 and <6 yr [ n = 65], ≥6 and <12 yr [ n = 66], ≥12 yr and <16 [ n = 45] and ≥16 yr [ n = 45]), and both genders were equally distributed within each age cohort. Results Within each age cohort, fetuin-A serum concentrations were normally distributed, independent of age and gender and the respective reference range (mean ± 1.96 SD) is 0.22–0.70 g/L (0.46 ± 0.24 g/L). Conclusion Fetuin-A serum concentrations are independent of age and gender in a healthy paediatric population and are well comparable with those determined in adults with the same assay.
CSF levels of PSA and PSA–ACT complexes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mulder Sandra D , Heijst Johannes A , Mulder Cees , Martens Frans , Hack C Erik , Scheltens Philip , Blankenstein Marinus A , Veerhuis Robert 
Published: September 2009

BackgroundProstate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease that in serum, is predominantly found complexed to the serine protease inhibitor alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT). ACT co-localizes with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and both PSA and ACT are detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therefore, we aimed to determine whether PSA is produced in the brain and whether PSA and PSA–ACT complex levels in CSF can be used as a biomarker for AD.MethodsLevels of ACT and PSA–ACT were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in CSF and serum samples of AD ( n = 16), frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD) ( n = 19), mild cognitively impaired (MCI) patients ( n = 19) and controls ( n = 12). Total PSA was determined in a non-competitive immunoassay. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) for PSA was performed on postmortem hippocampus and temporal cortex specimens from control and AD cases.ResultsPSA is expressed in the brain, as detected by RT–PCR. PSA and PSA–ACT complexes were detectable in CSF of almost all male and only very few female subjects. The levels of PSA and PSA–ACT complexes in CSF did not differ between AD, FTLD, MCI and control groups. PSA CSF/serum quotients highly correlated with albumin CSF/serum quotients. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic radius of PSA was found to be 3 nm and the theoretical PSA quotient, derived from the Felgenhauer plot, corresponded well with the measured PSA quotient.ConclusionsPSA is locally produced in the human brain; however, brain PSA hardly contributes to the CSF levels of PSA. PSA and PSA–ACT levels in CSF are not suitable as a biomarker for AD.
Sinus Grafting With a Natural Flourohydroxyapatite for Immediate Load: A Study With Histologic Analysis and Histomorphometry
Authors: Lee Cameron Y. S. , Rohrer Michael D. , Prasad Hari S. , Stover John D. , Suzuki Jon B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the survival rates of dental implants placed in sinuses grafted with a 50:50 composite ratio of autogenous bone and a natural flourohydroxyapatite (FHA) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) using an immediate-load protocol. The authors hypothesized that a 50:50 composite ratio of FHA and autogenous bone combined with PRP would permit immediate loading without compromising implant survival rates. Eleven patients with bilateral partial edentulism of the posterior maxilla were enrolled in this retrospective study. Autogenous bone used in the graft procedure was harvested from the tibia of the left lower extremity. Each patient was grafted with a 50:50 composite ratio of autogenous bone and FHA. Membranes were not used to cover the lateral wall osteotomy site. Platelet-rich plasma was added to the graft material to accelerate and enhance bone regeneration. Four to 6 months after the grafting procedure, 37 hydroxyapatite-coated dental implants were surgically placed and immediately loaded between 72 hours and 5 days later with custom titanium abutments and acrylic provisional restorations placed out of functional occlusion. Six months later, definitive ceramometal restorations were cemented on to the custom abutments. Patients were observed over a 52-week period. The overall implant survival rate was 97.3%. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis of core samples revealed formation of new vital bone in different graft specimens ranging from 23% to 34%. In each core bone sample, 100% of the bone sample was determined to be vital. In the grafted maxillary sinus, the natural FHA combined with autogenous bone in a 50:50 composite ratio with PRP is a suitable graft material permitting immediate load without compromising implant survival rates while decreasing the overall healing time.
Implant Success in Distracted Bone Versus Autogenous Bone-Grafted Sites
Authors: Elo Jeffrey A. , Herford Alan S. , Boyne Philip J. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Endosseous implants are the treatment of choice for restoring function and reconstructing most edentulous areas of the maxilla and mandible. In general, alveolar bone defects can be reconstructed by either distraction osteogenesis or autogenous bone grafting. After alveolar reconstruction, endosseous implants are used to support and retain the prosthesis for restoration of form and function. Eighty-two consecutive patients requiring alveolar augmentation prior to implant placement were evaluated. All patients were given treatment options for reconstructing their alveolar defects, which included autogenous bone grafting vs distraction osteogenesis. Sixty-five patients received autogenous grafts (anterior iliac crest: 44; retromolar: 17; tibia: 2; chin: 2), and 17 patients underwent distraction osteogenesis prior to implant placement. A total of 184 implants were placed in the autogenous bone-grafted sites and 56 implants in the distracted bone sites. Implants placed in sites restored with autogenous bone grafts had an implant success rate of 97% (178/184), whereas implants placed in distracted bone sites had a success rate of 98% (55/56). In the autogenous grafted group, 3 implants failed in the posterior mandible, one in the anterior maxilla, one in the anterior mandible, and one in the posterior maxilla. In the distraction group, one implant failed in the posterior mandible. Both techniques are associated with good success rates. There was no statistical difference between implant success in autogenous bone vs distracted bone sites in this group of patients.
Measurement of Clinicians' Ability to Hand Torque Dental Implant Components
Authors: Kanawati Ali , Richards Mark W. , Becker Jeffery J. , Monaco Natalie E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
There is a varying degree of hand torque abilities using finger drivers among clinicians. Calibrating one's own abilities requires complicated instruments not readily available. This study evaluated a simple-to-use method that allows dental practitioners to have a quantifiable clinical assessment of relative torque ability using finger drivers to torque down dental implant components. A typodont that includes dental implants was mounted in a mannequin placed in a patient-reclined position. The subjects were asked to torque as tightly as they could a new healing abutment to an implant secured firmly in resin within the typodont. All participants wore moistened gloves when using a finger driver. The healing abutment was countertorqued using a certified precalibrated precision torque measurement device. The reading on the torque driver was recorded when the healing abutment disengaged. An average of torque values of dentists and dental students was calculated. Fifty subjects had an average maximum torque ability of 24 Ncm (male dentists: 28 Ncm; students: 22 Ncm; male students: 24 Ncm; female students: 19 Ncm). Maximum torque values for all participants ranged from 11 Ncm to 38 Ncm. There was no significant difference between groups. This study showed a varying degree of hand torquing abilities using a finger driver. Clinicians should regularly calibrate their ability to torque implant components to more predictably perform implant dentistry. Dental implant manufacturers should more precisely instruct clinicians as to maximum torque, as opposed to “finger tighten only.”
Management of Dental Implant Fractures. A Case History
Authors: AL Quran Firas A. M. , Rashan Bashar A. , AL-Dwairi Ziad N. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The widespread use of endosseous osseointegrated implants to replace missing natural teeth increases the chances of implant complications and failures, despite the high initial success rate reported in the literature. Implant fracture is one possible complication that results in ultimate failure of the dental implant. Such a complication poses a management crisis even for the most experienced clinician. This article reports on a case of implant fracture, its possible causes, and how the case was managed.
A Technique to Modify the Length of an Implant Healing Abutment
Authors: Yilmaz Burak , McGlumphy Edwin , Turkyilmaz Ilser 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
In areas where esthetics is paramount, healing should be adequately completed around the implant healing abutment to stabilize the gingival margin before crown fabrication. This article describes a technique to increase the height of the healing abutment with laser welding when an implant is placed deep with thick overlying soft tissue.
Factors Related to Admission of Psychiatric Patients to Medical Wards from the General Hospital Emergency Department: A 3-Year Study of Urgent Psychiatric Consultations
Authors: Biancosino Bruno , Vanni Adello , Marmai Luciana , Zotos Spyridon , Peron Luana , Marangoni Claudio , Magri Vanessa , Grassi Luigi 
Published: September 2009

Objective: Emergency Rooms (ER) of Emergency Departments (ED) in General Hospitals (GH) have a role in providing for psychiatric evaluation. The aims of the present study were to examine the decision-making process of consultation psychiatry at the GH-ER and to analyze the differences between psychiatric patients admitted to a medical ward with those admitted to the psychiatry unit and those who are discharged from the ER. Method: Over a period of 3 years, psychiatric consultations requested by ER of ED physicians to the GH Psychiatric service were recorded by using a form to describe epidemiological and clinical data on the consultation process. Results: Of 1,962 psychiatric consultations, most regarded subjects who had had previous psychiatric contacts (76.2%) and at least one psychiatric admission (53.6%), and were currently cared for by the Mental Health Services (51.1%). Neurotic/stress-related syndromes (27.98%), schizophrenia (27.67%), and personality disorders (21.81%) were the most frequent ICD-10 diagnoses. The psychiatrist's disposal was to discharge the patient in 49.9% cases, to admit him/her to medical wards of the GH (MGH; 26.9%) or to the acute inpatient psychiatric ward (AIP; 23.1%). MGH group statistically differed from AIP group for being female ( p < 0.01), older ( p < 0.01), more likely having an ICD-10 diagnosis of neurosis/stress-related syndromes ( p < 0.01) or organic mental disorder ( p < 0.01), and less likely having a diagnosis of schizophrenia ( p < 0.01), being in charge of the Mental Health Services ( p < 0.01), and having had previous psychiatric admissions ( p < 0.01). These results were confirmed by logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The study shows that the medical wards of the General Hospital are a significant entry-point for providing psychiatric care of patients with ICD-10 neurotic and stress-related syndromes, even if without specific medical problems.
Influence of Religion on Sexual Self-Perception and Sexual Satisfaction in Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia and Depression
Authors: Peitl Marija Vučic , Peitl Vjekoslav , Pavlovic Eduard 
Published: September 2009

Objective: It is well documented that religion has an impact on mental health of both healthy people and mental health patients. However, scientific research regarding the influence of religion on sexual experiences and sexual self-perception in mental health patients and healthy people is very scarce. Goal: Therefore, our goal was to research how and in what measure religious and atheistic views of patients suffering from depression and schizophrenia and healthy people influence their sexual functions and sexual self-perception. Subjects and Methods: This research was conducted on 100 patients suffering from schizophrenia and 100 patients suffering from depression, while 100 healthy individuals served as a control group. DMS-IV criteria were used when diagnosing schizophrenia and depression. In order to research the aspects of sexual self-perception we used Bezinović's questionnaire and Arizona sexual experience scale (ASEX) to research the aspects of sexual intercourse. Results: Results show that Roman-Catholic patients suffering from schizophrenia experience greater sexual satisfaction than Eastern-Orthodox or atheist schizophrenic patients. Among patients suffering from depression in regard to their differing religious views there were no significant differences regarding sexual satisfaction or the aspects of sexual self-perception. Furthermore, there is a significant difference among healthy individuals when taking into consideration religious views. We established that Muslims have a significantly stronger sexual drive then atheists, Roman-Catholic or Eastern-Orthodox individuals. Compared to Roman-Catholic and Eastern-Orthodox individuals, atheists have better consciousness of their own sexuality. Conclusion: We can conclude that religious views have an influence on sexual functioning and sexual self-perception of patients suffering from depression and schizophrenia and also healthy individuals. Thus, further research on a bigger sample of participants—not only of those religious denominations covered in this research, but also of those that are less present in our society and of other mental health disorders and illnesses—is needed.
Delirium in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Malhotra Savita , Bharadwaj Rahul , Bn Subodh , Kumar Suresh 
Published: September 2009

Objective: To study the clinical profile of children and adolescents (< 14 years) referred to the Consultation-Liaison (CL) psychiatry services of a Tertiary Care Centre. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Patients seen by the CL psychiatry services of Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. Participants: Subjects diagnosed as delirium (as per ICD-10) during their inpatient stay was done. Main outcome measures: phenomenology of delirium and response to treatment. Result: Forty-six children and adolescents were diagnosed as delirium by the psychiatry consultation-liaison team. The most common underlying pathology was infection of various types, followed by neoplasms. All subjects exhibited sleep-wake cycle disturbance and impaired orientation. Other common symptoms were impaired attention (89.5%), impaired short-term memory (84.2%), agitation (68.4%), and lability of affect (60.5%). Delusions and hallucinations were reported by only a few patients. Most of the patients were treated with low dose haloperidol and they responded well. Conclusion: Sleep wake cycle disturbances and cognitive dysfunction are common in children and adolescents with delirium.
Intensity of Resistance Exercise Determines Adipokine and Resting Energy Expenditure Responses in Overweight Elderly Individuals
Authors: Fatouros Ioannis G. , Chatzinikolaou Athanasios , Tournis Symeon , Nikolaidis Michalis G. , Jamurtas Athanasios Z. , Douroudos Ioannis I. , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Thomakos Petros M. , Taxildaris Kyriakos , Mastorakos George , Mitrakou Asimina 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the time course of leptin, adiponectin, and resting energy expenditure (REE) responses in overweight elderly males after acute resistance exercise protocols of various intensity configurations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Forty inactive men (65–82 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10/group): control, low-intensity resistance exercise, moderate-intensity resistance exercise, and high-intensity resistance exercise. Exercise energy cost, REE, leptin, adiponectin, cortisol, insulin, lactate, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and glycerol were determined at baseline, immediately after exercise, and during a 72-h recovery period.

RESULTS
Exercise energy cost was lower in high-intensity than in low-intensity and moderate-intensity groups (221.6 ± 8.8 vs. 295.6 ± 10.7 and 281.6 ± 9.8 kcal, P &lt; 0.001). Lactate, glucose, NEFAs, and glycerol concentrations increased (P &lt; 0.001) after exercise and returned to baseline thereafter in all groups. REE increased (P &lt; 0.001) in all groups at 12 h in an intensity-dependent manner (P &lt; 0.05). REE reached baseline after 48 h in the low- and moderate-intensity groups and after 72 h in the high-intensity group. Cortisol peaked in all active groups after exercise (P &lt; 0.001) and remained elevated (P &lt; 0.001) for 12 h. After adjustment for plasma volume shifts, leptin remained unaltered. Adiponectin concentration increased after 12 h and remained elevated for 24 h only in the high-intensity group (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Resistance exercise does not alter circulating leptin concentration but does increase REE and adiponectin in an intensity-dependent manner for as long as 48 and 24 h, respectively, in overweight elderly individuals. It appears that resistance exercise may represent an effective approach for weight management and metabolic control in overweight elderly individuals.
Association Among Acrylamide, Blood Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in Adults
Authors: Lin Chien-Yu , Lin Yu-Chuan , Kuo Hsu-Ko , Hwang Juey-Jen , Lin Jiunn-Lee , Chen Pau-Chung , Lin Lian-Yu 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE
Exposure to acrylamide in foodstuffs and smoking has become a worldwide concern. The effect of acrylamide on glucose homeostasis is not known. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that trace acrylamide exposure might be independently associated with both reduced blood insulin and reduced insulin resistance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined 1,356 participants with reliable measures of glucose homeostasis and Hb adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and glycidamide from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2004. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by the measurement of plasma glucose, serum insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

RESULTS
In a linear regression model, a 1-unit increase in log HbAA was associated with a decrease in serum insulin (β coefficient = −0.20 ± 0.05, P = 0.001) and HOMA-IR (β coefficient = −0.23 ± 0.05, P &lt; 0.001). After HbAA concentrations were divided into quartiles in the fully adjusted models, the adjusted serum insulin level and HOMA-IR significantly decreased across quartiles of HbAA (Ptrend &lt; 0.001 for both). In subgroup analysis, the association of HbAA levels with HOMA-IR and insulin levels was stronger in subjects who were white or had ever smoked or in subjects with a lower education level or a BMI &lt;25 or &gt;30 kg/m2.

CONCLUSIONS
Acrylamide is associated with reduced serum insulin levels in adults. Further clinical and animal studies are warranted to clarify the putative causal relationship.