bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Tel-olu’ – is it really an ‘Olu’?
Authors: Yakandawala Deepthi , Paebotuwage Indika 
Published: June 2009

The genus Nymphaea L. has two species in Sri Lanka, N. nouchali Burm. f. and N. pubescens Willd., which are commonly known by the vernacular names ‘Manel' and ‘Et-olu' or ‘Olu' respectively. Apart from these two commonly known Nymphaea species, another group exists by the vernacular name ‘Tel-olu' which has not been recorded in the literature. Field experience also indicated the occurrence of several morphological variants of ‘Olu' with very distinct character combinations that are not listed under the presently recognized species descriptions. Therefore, a phenetic analysis of morphological and anatomical data was undertaken to evaluate the existence of any other species of Nymphaea in Sri Lanka. Individuals representing species of Nymphaea were studied in detail and coded for morphological and anatomical characters. Multivariate methods of analysis, Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis were carried out. The resulting clusters were evaluated based on the characters identified. The study revealed that the Nymphaea that is commonly known by the vernacular name ‘Tel-olu' is not an ‘Olu' species but a ‘Manel'. Further, ‘Tel-olu' showed several distinct morphological features separating it from ‘Manel'. Therefore, the study confirms the presence of an additional Nymphaea species in Sri Lanka. Further studies are needed to confirm its identity. Key words: Nymphaea nouchali, Nymphaea pubescens, ‘Manel', Phylogenetics Doi: 10.4038/cjsbs.v36i2.483 Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) 36 (2): 88-99, 2007
A continuous feast of bramble: Rubus fruticosus agg. is a key cross‐seasonal dietary resource for a fallow deer population
Authors: Gresham Amy , Pillay Kirthana , Healey John R. , Eichhorn Markus P. , Ellison Amy , Lowe Abigail , Cordes Line S. , Creer Simon , Shannon Graeme 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context: Deer (Cervidae) populations are increasing in many global regions, leading to concerns about their impacts on temperate forests. Advancing evidence‐based management requires a detailed understanding of the dietary habits of deer and how these are shaped by resource availability.

Methodology: We studied the diet of fallow deer (Dama dama) in North Wales (United Kingdom), using faecal DNA metabarcoding. Samples were collected monthly from three woodlands during 2019–2021. Tree surveys and seasonal ground flora surveys were conducted in these woodlands and seven additional woodlands. Preference analyses were used to assess the consumption of plant taxa relative to their availability.

Results: The fallow deer consumed high proportions of bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) across the seasons, especially in the winter months. Diet diversity was significantly lower in winter compared to the other seasons, suggesting that the deer were bulk foraging on a widely available, predictable resource to conserve energy during winter. Grasses did not form a major component of the diet in any season. The preference analysis showed that spatially clustered woody taxa (e.g. Betula sp., Corylus sp. and Fraxinus sp.) occurred less often than expected in the diet, while widespread woody species occurred in the diet more often than expected (e.g. Rosa sp., Prunus sp. and Quercus sp.).

Practical implication: The expansion of deer populations in the United Kingdom has occurred alongside the recovery and maturation of degraded or planted forests since the middle of the 20th century. Despite reduced light availability in these closed‐canopy forests and increased herbivory pressure, bramble has remained a dominant understory plant compared to other less herbivory‐tolerant plant species. Perhaps as a consequence, bramble has become the winter survival resource for this fallow deer population, remaining a prominent dietary component throughout the year. With increasing disturbance from extreme weather and tree diseases leading to a more open canopy structure, bramble cover is set to increase in European forests, which could support further expansion of deer populations. As we work to expand tree cover and enhance forest resilience and biodiversity, we should seek to understand the dynamic interactions of increasing deer populations with rapidly changing treescapes.
Verbal and Numeric Eyewitness Confidence Differentially Affect Decision‐Making
Authors: Pennekamp Pia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEyewitness confidence is typically communicated verbally (e.g., certain). Interpretations for verbal confidence statements are variable which could affect decision‐making. I explored the extent to which confidence format (i.e., verbal vs. numeric) influences juror decision‐making. Participants (N = 468) read a trial vignette in which an expert witness draws attention to the eyewitness's confidence in their suspect identification (uncertain, or certain, or 28%, or 88%). Participants rated the expert's recommendation, rendered a conviction decision, and provided confidence in their decision on a scale of 0 = Not at all confident to 10 = Completely confident. Mock‐jurors were more likely to convict when confidence was high. However, mock‐jurors were also more likely to convict when confidence was presented verbally. This effect may be attributable to the ambiguity verbal confidence affords, allowing for interpretation in congruence with the eyewitness's identification decision.
The Risks of Road Rage: An Investigation Into the Influences of Driving‐Related Anger on Driver Attention
Authors: Love Steven , Indrawan Yolinda , Clark Michele , Larue Grégoire S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between driving‐specific meta‐mental beliefs, anger rumination and anger experiences with driver inattention. A sample of 527 adult Australian drivers completed an online survey about their driving‐related anger and attention. Bivariate correlations revealed positive relationships between meta‐mental beliefs, anger rumination, anger experiences and the frequency of driver inattention (errors and lapses). In contrast, negative associations were typically found between the anger‐related variables and the self‐reported ability to regulate attention (i.e., attentional presence, flexibility, capacity) while driving. Notably, however, driving anger shared a positive relationship with attentional flexibility. Structural equation modelling demonstrated hierarchical relationships existed between the variables, whereby meta‐mental beliefs indirectly affected driving attention, via the effects they had toward driving‐related anger. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into how anger‐related experiences are developed on the road and how these experiences influence driver attention.
Salt‐In‐Wood Piezoelectric Power Generators with Circular Materials Design for High‐Performance Sustainable Energy Harvesting
Authors: Garemark Jonas , Ritter Maximilian , Dreimol Christopher , Lopes Laranjeira Rafael , Kürsteiner Ronny , Vivas Glaser Dan , Parrilli Annapaola , Ram Farsa , Oberschelp Christopher , Efe Ipek , Pettersson Torbjörn , Trassin Morgan , Panzarasa Guido , Burgert Ingo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe nanowatt‐level power density of current biobased piezoelectric energy harvesters restricts their applicative potential for the efficient conversion of biomechanical energy. A high‐performing, fully renewable piezoelectric device incorporating green piezo‐active Rochelle salt in a laser‐drilled wood template is demonstrated to form ordered crystal pillar arrays by melt crystallization. Investigating the effect of different crystal pillar configurations on the piezoelectric response, a shearing design (45°‐oriented pillars) shows potential of up to 30 V and a current of 4 µA – corresponding to a 10‐fold power increase compared to single‐crystalline Rochelle salt. A concept of direct laser graphitization on the crystal surfaces are demonstrated using a fully renewable ink to create electrodes of low resistance (36 Ω sq−1). The entire device can be disassembled, fully recycled, and reused. This nanogenerator outperforms state‐of‐the‐art biobased ones and competes with conventional lead‐based devices in power generation while showing a significantly lower environmental footprint, as indicated by life‐cycle assessment.
Fabrication of a Robust Zinc Powder Anode via Facile Integration of Copper Nanopowder as a Functional Conductive Medium
Authors: Jin Yishan , Jin Kai , Ji Wenjing , Zhang Zhanfeng , Gan Linsong , Han Peng , Yuan Xinhai , Fu Lijun , Wu Yuping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractZinc powder is the key anode material for the commercialization of aqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs), taking advantage of its cost‐effectiveness and ease of processing. However, they face challenges such as severe dendrite growth, side reactions, and corrosion due to the rough surface with high specific area. This paper proposes a low‐cost, simple, and scalable method to modify Zn powder‐based anodes by incorporating nano‐Copper (NC) powder as a functional conductive agent, and the modified Zn powder electrode is denoted as ZP‐NC. This NC powder modification enhances the electronic conductivity, lowers the charge transfer activation energy, and provides an even electric field for uniform Zn deposition. It further alleviates the electrochemical corrosion during storage and cycling. Thus, the rate capability and cycle stability of the Zn powder electrode are significantly enhanced while keeping a high Zn utilization. With an optimized N/P ratio of 4.3, the ZP‐NC||NaV3O8·1.5H2O (NVO) full battery achieves a high energy density of 81 Wh kg−1. This work provides a facile method to enhance the performance of Zn powder‐based anodes for practical application, and it also plays a pivotal role in advancing the development of AZIBs with high energy density.
Controlling Nuclei Growth and Phase Transition of CsFA‐Based Perovskite During Slot‐Die Coating via Solvent Engineering for High‐Performance Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Huang Shihao , Wu Yeyong , Xu Guiying , Shen Yunxiu , Liu Wen , Xu Jiacheng , Xu Tingting , Wu Xiaoxiao , Cao Zhiyun , Li Yaowen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSlot‐die coating has become essential for the large‐scale production of perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) and solar modules (pero‐SMs). However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of pero‐SCs and pero‐SMs produced by slot‐die coating still significantly lag behind those of spin‐coated devices owing to the uncontrollable crystallization kinetics and complex phase evolution of perovskites during film formation. In this study, a perovskite precursor solution is engineered by adding volatile 2‐methoxyethanol (2‐ME) and combining it with DMF as the main solvent. Its high vapor pressure and Kamlet−Taft β value enabled rapid nucleation and hydrogen bonding with formamidinium iodide, promoting the formation of high‐density nuclei that template uniform growth and directly trigger α‐phase perovskite formation. Consequently, a high‐quality, large‐area (25 cm2) perovskite film, with uniform, pinhole‐free, and phase‐pure characteristics, is successfully deposited using the slot‐die coating method. Ultimately, the pero‐SCs (0.062 cm2) and pero‐SMs (15.64 cm2) fabricated by slot‐die coating achieved impressive PCEs of 24.20% and 21.84%, respectively. Notably, the unencapsulated pero‐SCs demonstrated superior operational stability, with T90 > 1150 h.
Spatial Grain Orientation Induced Structural Coloration Anisotropy of the Micro V‐Shaped Metal Arrays for Metallurgical Structure Characterizing
Authors: Wu Liqiang , Liu Hanzhong , Cui Zhipeng , Wu Bing , Zong Wenjun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNature is the original creator of beauty. Sometimes, the beauty is plain to see, but in some cases, only a suitable stimulation can unveil it. Here, a micro‐grating assistant method is used to stimulate the brilliant random structural colors on the surface of polycrystalline metals. In cutting of micro V‐shaped gratings on the micro‐grains having different orientations, the anisotropic mechanical property of the micro‐grains can cause the anisotropic micro‐deformation of the geometric profile of the gratings, thereby stimulating the structural colors of the machined surface. As an example, the suitable structural coloration stimulation condition is investigated for the polycrystalline aluminum, considering the cutting depth, tool‐included angle, and grating period. Furthermore, the V‐shaped gratings are also machined on the polycrystalline tin and copper samples. The results indicate that the grating‐based structural coloration method is a potential new technology to characterize the size and shape of the micro‐crystals of various polycrystalline metals. Compared with the conventional metallographic analysis method, which uses grinding and polishing technologies to pre‐treat the sample, this novel method has unmatched advantages in the high‐efficiency, soft metal availability, and micro‐area availability.
Defect Rectification in High‐Density Patterns through Directed Self‐Assembly of Advanced Block Copolymer Architectures
Authors: Yun Sehyun , Ahn Jihun , Thapar Vikram , Lee Sangyeop , Li Sheng , Hur Su‐mi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of high‐density nanoscale patterns is essential for advancing semiconductor devices, data storage media, and various emerging technologies, yet achieving precise control over pattern quality at increasingly smaller dimensions remains a significant challenge. Combining directed self‐assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) with high‐resolution photolithography offers a promising approach for precise pattern transfer and potential defect rectification in nanopatterning. Here, how different polymer architectures—linear AB, linear A1B1A2B2 tetra‐, and comb‐linear BCPs—interact with and rectify common lithographic defects in hexagonally packed cylinder arrays, using coarse‐grained molecular simulations on 2D guide substrates is systematically investigated. The findings reveal that molecular architecture plays a crucial role in achieving both high pattern density and defect tolerance: Linear AB BCPs offer robust defect rectification for most defect types but are sensitive to volume mismatch; linear A1B1A2B2 tetra‐BCPs enable higher packing densities with tolerance to edge roughness and placement errors; and comb‐linear BCPs support unprecedented density through honeycomb formation while maintaining stable pattern quality across a wide range of guide pattern fractions. This investigation provides insights into strategically engineering polymer architecture to overcome limitations in pattern density and defect tolerance, informing the design of next‐generation nanopatterning materials.
Efficient and Multifunctional Electroluminescent Ultra Deep‐Blue Material with Hybrid Localization and Charge Transfer
Authors: Xie Mingliang , Ma Chenglin , Zhou Yannan , Song Jingru , Zhang Li , Zhang Shi‐Tong , Sun Qikun , Yang Wenjun , Xue Shanfeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) emitters have received much attention because they can utilize triplet exciton via hot exciton channels. However, exploiting novel multifunctional deep‐blue HLCT materials capable of high color purity remains a great challenge. Herein, two deep‐blue emitters with HLCT properties, PdCz‐2CN and mPdCz‐2CN, aresynthesized. The non‐doped OLED based on PdCz‐2CN or mPdCz‐2CN emitter with EQEmax and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates Y values of 5.42%@0.062 and 2.05@0.064, respectively. More importantly, the doped‐OLEDs achieve ultra deep‐blue emission with EQEmax and CIEy values of 5.10%@0.037 and 1.96%@0.050, respectively, which is close to the BT.2020 standard. In addition, the PdCz‐2CN can not only obtain ultra‐deep blue OLED, but also realize the exciplex‐OLED as the electron acceptor for realizing multifunctional luminescence. As a result, the non‐doped exciplex OLED based on PdCz‐2CN: 15 wt.%TAPC as the luminescent layer achieves 15.44% EQEmax via forming green exciplex emission with hole transport layer TAPC. Moreover, PdCz‐2CN: 15 wt.%TAPC exciplex‐based as the host, red phosphor Ir(MDQ)2(acac) as the guest of OLED reaches red emission, and the EQEmax isup to 20.14%. This study is the first deep‐blue HLCT emitter using picolinonitrile as an electron acceptor, having significant potential for efficient exciplex OLED applications.
Precise Fixation of the Spatial Configuration of Adsorption Groups for Removal of Mercury Ions from the Acidic Wastewater
Authors: Cui Bo , Yan Zhuojun , Bu Naishun , Wang Suri , Yan Weihan , Cui Jingbo , Xu Yanmei , Shao Huimin , Yang Lini , Yang Yajie , Yuan Ye , Xia Lixin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGlobal release of up to 10 000 tons per year of mercury (Hg), the third most toxic ion, into the natural environment poses a significant threat to public health. However, conventional adsorbents with flexible adsorption sites have limited capability in mercury removal, especially in highly acidic and multiple competing ion environments. Herein, Hg(II) ion coordinated 3,3′,5,5′‐tetrabromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene is selected as the building monomer to construct the porous aromatic framework (PAF) through a Suzuki coupling reaction. The positions and angles of the two thiophene fragments are fixed by quadruple covalent bonds according to the coordination structure of the mercury ion. These covalently bounded bithiophene units exhibited ≈303% increased binding affinity and ≈140.0‐fold enhanced selectivity for Hg(II) ions, compared with flexible bithiophene moieties. In addition, the resulting solid (MILNU‐49) illustrates outstanding removal capability with a concentration varying from 5000.0 to 2.0 ppb, correspondingly, the removal efficiency is over 99.96% within 5 h from Hg(II) actual acidic wastewater. Remarkably, MILNU‐49 outperforms previously reported adsorbents for the adsorption of mercury ions under acidic conditions. The work enumerates a strategy for designing selective and high‐affinity binding sites, which are of great interest in the fields of environment, detection, and energy storage.
Enhancing UV Stability and Charge Extraction in Organic Solar Cells with Phenyl‐Linked Aromatic Self‐Assembled Monolayer
Authors: Zhang Nan , Jiang Wenlin , An Yidan , Liu Qi , Du Gengxin , Xia Tian , Chen Desui , Wong Chun‐To , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Yip Hin‐Lap 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCarbazole‐derived self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are extensively employed as effective hole‐extracting layer (HEL) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for enhancing interfacial modification and carrier extraction. Despite their utility, the performance of these SAMs is significantly influenced by the length of the alkyl linker commonly used, and the electron‐rich carbazole moiety is susceptible to photo‐oxidation, which compromises the stability of the devices. In this study, a novel SAM is introduced, utilizing a rigid phenyl linker in place of the conventional flexible alkyl linker. This molecular design fosters a more dense and orderly SAM packing and facilitates electron delocalization in the electron‐rich carbazole unit, thereby enhancing both charge extraction and the photo/electrochemical stability of the SAM. The improvements at the molecular level have been effectively translated to the device level, realizing a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.70% and notable operational stability (T80 over 1100 h) in resultant OPV devices. Crucially, this includes enhanced resistance to ultraviolet irradiation. These results underscore the significance of molecular design in developing SAM‐based HELs to optimize both the efficiency and stability of OPVs.
Role of Pressure and Expansion on the Degradation in Solid‐State Silicon Batteries: Implementing Electrochemistry in Particle Dynamics
Authors: So Magnus , Yano Takeru , Permatasari Agnesia , Nguyen Van Lap , Inoue Gen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo advance the understanding of the mechanical degradation in silicon (Si) anodes, an electrochemical particle simulation model employing the discrete element method is developed. This model integrates lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) transfer, electrochemical reactions, and charge expansion into a particle physics depiction of a Si anode half‐cell. The impact of fabrication pressures and stack pressure on the contact area, cell voltage, and degradation is examined. The charge performance primarily depends on stress overpotential and Li‐ion conduction. Conversely, the discharge performance is chiefly constrained by Li‐ion conduction, percolation of the electron conducting network, and bottleneck diffusion resistance in areas with minimal contact between the active material (AM) and solid electrolyte (SE). These resistances are markedly reduced by elevating fabrication pressure, which decrease porosity and mitigate delamination between AM and SE. Furthermore, the dynamics of isobaric expansion differ from the constrained case, with the porosity and Li‐ion conduction resistance notably increasing alongside the state of charge. The insights gained from this study establish a robust foundation for enhancing the performance and longevity of Si all‐solid‐state batteries anodes.
Penetrative and Homogenized Surface Passivation for Evaporation‐Solution‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells via a Synergistic Bimolecular Strategy
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Zhang Xuhao , Feng Zhuo , Zheng Wenwen , Li Guang , Shen Weicheng , Ai Wei , Pu Dexin , Fu Shiqiang , Chen Weiqing , Wang Jiahao , Fang Guojia , Ke Weijun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant attention for their outstanding optoelectronic properties, yet surface defects remain a major obstacle to achieving optimal performance, especially in scalable hybrid evaporation‐solution fabrication methods. Conventional passivation techniques often struggle with shallow penetration of passivation agents, limiting their effectiveness. Here, an advanced post‐treatment strategy is introduced that synergistically combines 2‐thiopheneethylammonium chloride with a trace amount of ethylenediamine to achieve superior surface passivation. ethylenediamine acts as a “penetration facilitator,” mildly etching the perovskite surface and enabling deeper infiltration of 2‐thiopheneethylammonium chloride, which results in the formation of a uniformly distributed and pure‐phase 2D perovskite layer. This deeply penetrating passivation layer effectively suppresses nonradiative recombination at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface. As a result, inverted PSCs fabricated using the hybrid evaporation‐solution method achieved a power conversion efficiency of 24.20%, accompanied by an open‐circuit voltage of 1.189 V and an open‐circuit voltage deficit of 0.36 V. Additionally, this post‐treatment strategy demonstrates broad performance enhancements across PSCs with various bandgaps and fabrication methods, offering a versatile and promising pathway to boost both the efficiency and stability of PSCs.