bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Appias albina albina (Boisduval, 1836) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) in northern Australia: phenotypic variation, life history and biology, with remarks on its taxonomic status
Authors: BRABY Michael F. , LANE David A. , WEIR Richard P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractVariation in adult phenotype, the life history and general biology of the “White Albatross”, Appias albina albina (Boisduval, 1836), are described and illustrated from the monsoon tropics of the northern Australia for the first time. Like elsewhere throughout the species' wide geographical range, the population exhibits sex‐limited polymorphism, with females having three distinct color morphs (white, yellow, intermediate). Variation within and among these morphs is compared with populations from elsewhere in South‐East Asia, particularly Maluku (including the type locality Ambon), and comments are made on the taxonomic status of the Australian population. The species inhabits coastal semi‐deciduous monsoon vine‐thicket where its larval food plant Drypetes deplanchei (Brongn. & Gris) Merr. (Euphorbiaceae) grows on lateritic edges and cliffs. The early stages and behaviour are compared with those of A. albina pancheia Fruhstorfer, 1910 from South‐East Asia and A. paulina ega (Boisduval, 1836) from Australia. Adults are highly seasonal, their timing of appearance coinciding with annual leaf flush of the larval food plant and onset of the summer monsoon. During this period, the broad flight season lasts about two months, the life cycle is completed in approximately four weeks, and the species is probably univoltine or partially bivoltine. We conclude that breeding populations of A. albina albina in Australia are resident, but it remains to be established how the species survives the long dry season.
Best host‐plant attribute for species–area relationship, and effects of shade, conspecific distance and plant phenophase in an arthropod community within the grass Muhlenbergia robusta
Authors: LÓPEZ‐GÓMEZ Víctor , CANO‐SANTANA Zenón 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIncreased understanding of the species–area relationship (SAR) can improve its usefulness as a tool for prediction of species loss for biodiversity conservation targets. This study was conducted: (i) to determine the best plant attribute for the SAR in the community of arthropods living within the grass Muhlenbergia robusta; (ii) to determine the contribution of phenophases of plant foliage (dry and fresh), shade and conspecific distance to the variation in arthropod richness within the plant; (iii) to determine the best functional model of changes in the abundance, diversity and biomass in communities of arthropods in response to increases in plant size; (iv) to determine the best host‐plant attribute for prediction of these community attributes; and (v) to determine the effect of the plant phenophase, shade and M. robusta isolation on the abundance, diversity and biomass of the arthropod community. The above‐ground dry weight of grass was found to be the best host‐plant attribute for the SAR, while the light environment explained the arthropod richness within the grass, with higher richness observed in shaded environments. This study also showed that the best functional mathematical models for estimation of changes in the abundance, dry weight and diversity of arthropods in response to increases in grass size (dry weight) are the power model, exponential model and logarithmic model, respectively. Furthermore, the host‐plant foliage phenophase, shade and the isolation of M. robusta with other conspecifics had no effect on the abundance, biomass or diversity per basal area of the grass.
Nest density and distribution of subterranean ants in an evergreen broadleaf forest in Japan with special reference to Amblyopone silvestrii
Authors: MASUKO Keiichi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe density and distributions of nests of the subterranean ants were studied by excavation of thirty 1‐m2 quadrats in an evergreen broadleaf forest in central Japan. A total of 20 ant species were collected and the densities of Amblyopone silvestrii and Paratrechina flavipes were highest (both 0.83 nests/m2). The distribution patterns were analyzed by the Standardized Morisita Index (Ip) for the five species that had mean densities of more than 0.5 nests/m2. Of them, A. silvestrii and Hypoponera sauteri showed random distributions, while nests of Paratrechina flavipes were significantly overdispersed and those of Carebara yamatonis and Myrmecina nipponica were weakly clumped. These distributional patterns were discussed in connection with the ecology of the ants. In particular, the social organization of A. silvestrii was investigated based on the distributional pattern and the composition of collected colonies.
Notes on the biology of the Oriental amblyoponine ant Myopopone castanea: Queen‐worker dimorphism, worker polymorphism and larval hemolymph feeding by workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: ITO Fuminori 
Published: June 2010

AbstractQueen‐worker dimorphism, worker polymorphism and worker behavior in the Oriental amblyoponine ant Myopopone castanea were studied. Queen body size was large (head width, 3.0 mm) with 24 to 32 ovarioles while workers showed a remarkable size variation in both body size (head width 1.48 to 2.18 mm) and ovariole number (6 to 22). Both head width and abdomen width showed allometric growth against thorax width. Workers performed larval hemolymph feeding as was described for Amblyopone silvestrii queens.
Radiocarbon wiggle matching of Swedish lake varves reveals asynchronous climate changes around the 8.2 kyr cold event
Authors: SNOWBALL IAN , MUSCHELER RAIMUND , ZILLÉN LOVISA , SANDGREN PER , STANTON TANIA , LJUNG KARL 
Published: June 2010

Snowball, I., Muscheler, R., Zillén, L., Sandgren, P., Stanton, T. & Ljung, K. 2010: Radiocarbon wiggle matching of Swedish lake varves reveals asynchronous climate changes around the 8.2 kyr cold event. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 720–733. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00167.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.A series of nine radiocarbon measurements obtained at increments of 50 years was used to wiggle match varved sediments in Lake Kälksjön (west central Sweden) to the calendar year time scale provided by the tree‐ring‐derived radiocarbon calibration curve. The anchor point for a series of 400 varves known to span the ‘8.2 kyr cold event’ was derived from a combination of correlation analysis, Monte Carlo statistics and Bayesian age modelling. The GRIP and NorthGRIP ice‐cores were matched to the same absolute time scale by comparing 10Be data and tree‐ring Δ14C. The radiocarbon‐based wiggle match, organic carbon measurements, mineral magnetic parameters and XRF data reconstruct a distinct period of enhanced erosion in Kälksjön's catchment between 8066 ± 25 and 7920 ± 25 cal. yr BP. Prior to human impact, the increased erosion in the boreal environment is assigned to increased winter precipitation in the form of snow, which caused spring meltwater discharge to intensify. Our results suggest that the abrupt onset of increased winter precipitation in west central Sweden started at least 50 years after the onset of the ‘8.2 kyr cold event’ as defined by oxygen isotope data from Greenland. The study highlights the value of synchronized time scales in the reconstruction of abrupt climate changes based on proxy data.
A school‐based fluoride mouth rinsing programme in Sarawak: a 3‐year field study
Authors: Chen Catherine Jean‐Ai , Ling Kwok Sung , Esa Rashidah , Chia Jit Chie , Eddy Andrew , Yaw Siew Lian 
Published: June 2010

Chen CJ‐A, Ling KS, Esa R, Chia JC, Eddy A, Yaw SL. A school‐based fluoride mouth rinsing programme in Sarawak: a 3‐year field study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 310–314. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Background:  This study was undertaken to assess the impact of fluoride mouth rinsing on caries experience in a cohort of schoolchildren 3 years after implementation.Methods:  270 children aged 8–9 years from four schools in Sarawak were selected at baseline. Baseline data was collected to ensure that the selected schools did not differ significantly. Children from two schools rinsed with 0.2% sodium fluoride under supervision, while those from the other schools did not.Results:  After 3 years, 242 schoolchildren remained in the study. At the end of the study, the mean DMFT for the test group was 2.3 (95% CI, 1.93–2.67) while the mean DMFT for the control group was 4.01 (95% CI, 3.39–4.63). The mean DMFS for the test group was 3.40 (95% CI, 2.68–4.12) while the mean DMFS for the control group was 6.67 (95% CI, 5.47–7.87). After 3 years, 24.2% of those in the test group remained caries free compared to 11.5% in the control group. The risk of developing caries decreased 0.52 times among the children from the ‘test’ group exposed to the fluoride mouth rinsing programme as compared to the unexposed ‘control’ group (RR = 0.48, 95% CI, 0.26–0.85).Discussion and conclusion:  The findings show that a school‐based weekly 0.2% sodium fluoride mouth rinsing programme is an effective caries preventive measure and should be implemented in fluoride‐deficient areas as a means of reducing the prevalence of dental caries in these communities.
Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Mn‐oxo and Co‐based Compounds in Water Oxidation Catalysis and Potential Applications in Solar Fuel Production
Authors: Hou Harvey J.M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract To address the issues of energy crisis and global warming, novel renewable carbon‐free or carbon‐neutral energy sources must be identified and developed. A deeper understanding of photosynthesis is the key to provide a solid foundation to facilitate this transformation. To mimic the water oxidation of photosystem II oxygen evolving complex, Mn‐oxo complexes and Co‐phosphate catalytic material were discovered in solar energy storage. Building on these discoveries, recent advances in solar energy conversion showed a compelling working principle by combing the active Mn‐oxo and Co‐based catalysts in water splitting with semiconductor hetero‐nanostructures for effective solar energy harnessing. In this review the appealing systems including Mn‐oxo tetramer/Nafion, Mn‐oxo dimer/TiO2, Mn‐oxo oligomer/WO3, Co‐Pi/Fe2O3, and Co‐Pi/ZnO are summarized and discussed. These accomplishments offer a promising framework and have a profound impact in the field of solar fuel production.
Molecular Functions of Oxygen‐Evolving Complex Family Proteins in Photosynthetic Electron Flow
Authors: Ifuku Kentaro , Ishihara Seiko , Sato Fumihiko 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) protein is the original name for membrane‐peripheral subunits of photosystem (PS) II. Recently, multiple isoforms and homologs for OEC proteins have been identified in the chloroplast thylakoid lumen, indicating that functional diversification has occurred in the OEC family. Gene expression profiles suggest that the Arabidopsis OEC proteins are roughly categorized into three groups: the authentic OEC group, the stress‐responsive group, and the group including proteins related to the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex involved in cyclic electron transport around PSI. Based on the above gene expression profiles, molecular functions of the OEC family proteins are discussed together with our current knowledge about their functions.
EFFECT OF MODIFIED TAPIOCA STARCH ON THE STABILITY OF FISH MINCE GELS SUBJECTED TO MULTIPLE FREEZE‐THAWING
Authors: TUANKRIANGKRAI SASIKUNYA , BENJAKUL SOOTTAWAT 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT Effects of modified tapioca starch (hydroxypropylated distarch phosphate) at various levels (0, 1, 2 and 3% w/w) on the chemical, physical, textural and sensory properties of bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus) mince gels subjected to different freeze‐thaw cycles (zero, one, three and five) were investigated. Breaking force, deformation and expressible moisture content of the control mince gels (without modified starch) increased with increasing freeze‐thaw cycles (P < 0.05). The protein solubility study revealed that disulfide bond was formed in the gel as the freeze‐thaw cycles increased (P < 0.05). However, the addition of 1% modified starch could reduce those changes and rendered the gel subjected to five freeze‐thaw cycles with the highest score for texture, appearance and overall liking. Scanning electron microscopic study indicated that mince gel added with 1% modified starch had the finer matrix with smaller strands compared with the control mince gel at all freeze‐thaw cycles used.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDuring frozen storage, surimi or mince gels are susceptible to the textural changes associated with losses in water‐holding capacity. As a consequence, the rubbery texture is generally formed, leading to lower acceptability. The addition of modified starch, particularly hydroxypropylated distarch phosphate, at the appropriate level could minimize such an alteration and could maintain the quality of gel products during the extended frozen storage.
Pre‐pandemic planning survey of healthcare workers at a tertiary care children’s hospital: ethical and workforce issues
Authors: Cowden Jessica , Crane Lori , Lezotte Dennis , Glover Jacqueline , Nyquist Ann‐Christine 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Cowden et al. (2010). Pre‐pandemic planning survey of healthcare workers at a tertiary care children’s hospital: ethical and workforce issues. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(4), 213–222.Background  Prior to the development of written policies and procedures for pandemic influenza, worker perceptions of ethical and workforce issues must be identified.Objective  To determine the relationship between healthcare worker (HCW) reporting willingness to work during a pandemic and perception of job importance, belief that one will be asked to work, and sense of professionalism and to assess HCW’s opinions regarding specific policy issues as well as barriers and motivators to work during a pandemic.Methods  A survey was conducted in HCWs at The Children’s Hospital in Denver, Colorado, from February to June 2007. Characteristics of workers reporting willingness to work during a pandemic were compared with those who were unwilling or unsure. Importance of barriers and motivators was compared by gender and willingness to work.Results Sixty percent of respondents reported willingness to work (overall response rate of 31%). Belief one will be asked to work (OR 4·6, P < 0·0001) and having a high level of professionalism (OR 8·6, P < 0·0001) were associated with reporting willingness to work. Hospital infrastructure support staffs were less likely to report willingness to work during a pandemic than clinical healthcare professionals (OR 0·39, P < 0·001). Concern for personal safety, concern for safety of family, family’s concern for safety, and childcare issues were all important barriers to coming to work.Conclusions  Educational programs should focus on professional responsibility and the importance of staying home when ill. Targeted programs toward hospital infrastructure support and patient and family support staff stressing the essential nature of these jobs may improve willingness to work.
Utilisation of plasma exchange in the treatment of digital infarcts in Wegener’s granulomatosis
Authors: LEUNG Albert , SUNG Chee B. , KOTHARI Gargi , MACK Christopher , FONG Christopher 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDigital ischemia is a rare manifestation of Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) with previous management approaches based on the hypotheses of thromboembolic phenomenon and vasospasm. WG is an autoimmune, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐predominant small‐to‐medium‐vessel necrotising vasculitis which mainly affects the pulmonary–renal system. We report on a patient with WG presenting with digital infarction. We successfully treated this patient who had digital infarcts refractory to cyclophosphamide, steroids and vasodilator agents, with plasma exchange.
Atmospheric impact of bioenergy based on perennial crop (reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinaceae, L.) cultivation on a drained boreal organic soil
Authors: SHURPALI NARASINHA J. , STRANDMAN HARRI , KILPELÄINEN ANTTI , HUTTUNEN JARI , HYVÖNEN NIINA , BIASI CHRISTINA , KELLOMÄKI SEPPO , MARTIKAINEN PERTTI J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMarginal organic soils, abundant in the boreal region, are being increasingly used for bioenergy crop cultivation. Using long‐term field experimental data on greenhouse gas (GHG) balance from a perennial bioenergy crop [reed canary grass (RCG), Phalaris arundinaceae L.] cultivated on a drained organic soil as an example, we show here for the first time that, with a proper cultivation and land‐use practice, environmentally sound bioenergy production is possible on these problematic soil types. We performed a life cycle assessment (LCA) for RCG on this organic soil. We found that, on an average, this system produces 40% less CO2‐equivalents per MWh of energy in comparison with a conventional energy source such as coal. Climatic conditions regulating the RCG carbon exchange processes have a high impact on the benefits from this bioenergy production system. Under appropriate hydrological conditions, this system can even be carbon‐negative. An LCA sensitivity analysis revealed that net ecosystem CO2 exchange and crop yield are the major LCA components, while non‐CO2 GHG emissions and costs associated with crop production are the minor ones. Net bioenergy GHG emissions resulting from restricted net CO2 uptake and low crop yields, due to climatic and moisture stress during dry years, were comparable with coal emissions. However, net bioenergy emissions during wet years with high net uptake and crop yield were only a third of the coal emissions. As long‐term experimental data on GHG balance of bioenergy production are scarce, scientific data stemming from field experiments are needed in shaping renewable energy source policies.
Does treatment modality affect vasospasm distribution in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: differential use of intra-arterial interventions for cerebral vasospasm in surgical clipping and endovascular coiling populations
Authors: Cooke Daniel , Seiler Douglas , Hallam Danial , Kim Louis , Jarvik Jeffrey G , Sekhar Laligam , Ghodke Basavaraj 
Published: June 2010

ObjectEndovascular treatment of cerebral vasospasm consists primarily of transluminal balloon angioplasty (TBA) and intra-arterial (IA) vasodilator administration, the former restricted to use within the distal internal carotid and proximal intracerebral arteries. Our objective was to characterize clinical and angiographic features of those patients undergoing TBA and IA vasodilator treatments, particularly as it related to the aneurysm treatment modality.MethodsRetrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted for aneurysmal SAH undergoing IA treatment for cerebral vasospasm (n=73) examining clinical and angiographic variables. Continuous and ordinal means were examined with Mann–Whitney and Student t tests while nominal values were examined with χ2/Fisher's exact tests. Multivariate logistic and linear regression included admission Glasgow coma scale, age, number of aneurysms and number of vasospastic vessels.ResultsThose patients receiving IA vasodilator in isolation (n=16) were older (45.9 vs 59.1 years, p=0.001) and more frequently had vasospasm involving the anterior cerebral artery alone (0.0% vs 31.3%, p <0.001). The use of an IA vasodilator alone or in combination with TBA more frequently occurred in the coiled population (32.3% vs 50.1%, p=0.021).ConclusionTBA and IA vasodilators are safe and effective means to treat cerebral vasospasm. Their use for proximal and distal vasospasm, respectively, and in tandem for diffuse disease, suggests regional differences in cerebral vasospasm between surgical clipping and endovascular coiling populations with coiled patients more often having distal vasospasm. Craniotomy and/or hemorrhagic evacuation performed during open surgery may contribute to this difference.
Endovascular treatment of basilar artery occlusion by manual aspiration thrombectomy
Authors: Jankowitz Brian T , Aleu Aitziber , Lin Ridwan , Jumaa Mouhammad , Kanaan Hilal , Kostov Dean , Hammer Maxim , Uchino Ken , Wechsler Larry R , Horowitz Michael , Jovin Tudor G 
Published: June 2010

Background and purposeBasilar artery occlusion remains one of the most devastating subtypes of stroke. Intravenous and intra-arterial therapy have altered the natural history of this disease; however, clinical results remain poor. Therefore, exploring more aggressive and innovative management is warranted.MethodsSix consecutive patients presenting with a basilar artery occlusion were treated with the same general algorithm of intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy with the Merci retrieval system. If complete recanalization was not achieved after two passes, manual syringe aspiration through a 4.3F catheter was employed.ResultsAll interventions utilizing aspiration thrombectomy resulted in recanalization, with five out of six cases displaying TIMI3/TICI3 flow and one patient resulting in complete recanalization of the basilar artery with persistent thrombus in one P2 segment (TIMI2/TICI2B). All patients survived, with five out of six independent in activities of daily living at 3 months (mRS 0–2).ConclusionsOur small case series indicates that aspiration thrombectomy performed manually through a 4.3F catheter can facilitate recanalization of basilar artery occlusion with acceptable clinical outcomes.
Relative cost comparison of embolic materials used for treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Simon Scott D , Reig Adam S , James Robert F , Reddy Prasad , Mericle Robert A 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionEmbolization of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms can be associated with excessive expense, especially for large/giant aneurysms. Depending on the material used, endovascular treatment may be cost prohibitive. The goal of this study was to evaluate therelativecost of various embolic agents.MethodsUtilizing software available athttp://www.angiocalc.com, theoretical aneurysm volumes were calculated using aneurysm diameters ranging from 3 to 25 mm increasing in 1 mm increments. For each volume, the software calculated the length of coil needed to fill each size of aneurysm to a consistent, standardized and desirable packing density (25% coil:aneurysm volume). Each theoretical aneurysm was embolized by filling volume in a consistent, standardized, step-wise fashion. The cost of liquid embolics was calculated by adding the cost of 1.5 ml vials of Onyx HD 500 required to fill each volume. The embolic agents were then grouped into seven categories depending on the coil type and the cost of each aneurysm size was averaged.ResultsThe average embolization with small outer diameter (0.010 inches) helical coils ranged between $714 for a 3 mm aneurysm to $113 009 for a 25 mm aneurysm, and between $2855 and $157 245 for small diameter spherical coils. Large outer diameter (>0.010 inches) helical coils cost between $2195 and $34 034 and large diameter spherical coils cost between $2195 and $86 957. Bioactive coils ranged between $1984 and $172 179, liquid embolic $5950 and $35 700, and hydrocoils $1295 and $32 873.ConclusionsLarger outer diameter helical coils, hydrocoils and liquid embolics provide a relative cost savings compared with standard, spherical or bioactive coils when aneurysm size, shape, packing density and embolic agent were controlled and standardized. This cost differential increases as the size of the aneurysm increases.