bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing irrigation management reforms in Australia and India – a special reference to participatory irrigation management
Authors: Poddar Rajendra , Qureshi M Ejaz , Syme Geoff 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEfficient irrigation water management has become a common goal for continued growth and sustainable development in both India and Australia. The two countries have followed definite paths for achieving the best irrigation management policy. Australia has adopted irrigation management transfer (IMT) with emphasis on privatisation, while India has focused on participatory irrigation management (PIM). Australia and India have adopted these approaches in one of their main river basins, namely the Murray‐Darling Basin (MDB) and the Krishna Basin, respectively. Institutional reforms in irrigation management in the MDB developed independently of global progress in IMT as compared to the Krishna Basin where the reforms were imposed from the top. Further, irrigation management entities in the MDB, either under public or participatory domain, relied heavily on market‐based instruments to achieve efficiency in irrigation water management. In contrast, PIM in the Krishna Basin in India appears to be an experiment with command and control in diverse legal and organisational settings across time and space. In summary, in terms of the parameters chosen in their nearest proximity to measure performance, the Australian IMT programme seems to have performed better than the Indian PIM programme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional organization of mammalian mitochondrial DNA in nucleoids: History, recent developments, and future challenges
Authors: Spelbrink Johannes N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractVarious proteins involved in replication, repair, and the structural organization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been characterized in detail over the past 25 or so years. In addition, in recent years, many proteins were identified with a role in the dynamics of the mitochondrial network. Using advanced imaging and an increasing number of cytological techniques, we have begun to realize that an important aspect to mtDNA maintenance, in both health and disease, is its organization within the dynamic mitochondrial network in discrete protein–DNA complexes usually termed nucleoids. Here, I review recent developments in the study of nucleoid dynamics and proteins. I will discuss the implications of the organization of mtDNA in nucleoids in light of DNA replication, repair, gene expression, segregation, and inheritance. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(1):19–32, 2010
Experimental validation of hybrid distillation‐vapor permeation process for energy efficient ethanol–water separation
Authors: Vane Leland M. , Alvarez Franklin R. , Huang Yu , Baker Richard W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The energy demand of distillation‐based systems for ethanol recovery and dehydration can be significant, particularly for dilute solutions. An alternative separation process integrating vapor stripping with a vapor compression step and a vapor permeation membrane separation step, termed membrane assisted vapor stripping (MAVS), has been proposed. The hydrophilic membrane separates the ethanol–water vapor into water‐rich permeate and ethanol‐enriched retentate vapor streams from which latent and sensible heat can be recovered. The objective of this work was to demonstrate experimentally the performance of a MAVS system and to compare the observed performance with chemical process simulation results using a 5 wt% ethanol aqueous feed stream as the benchmark.RESULTS: Performance of the steam stripping column alone was consistent with chemical process simulations of a stripping tower with six stages of vapor liquid equilibria (VLE). The overhead vapor from the stripper contained about 40 wt% ethanol and required 6.0 MJ of fuel‐equivalent energy per kg of ethanol recovered in the concentrate. Introduction of the vapor compressor and membrane separation unit and recovery of heat from both membrane permeate and retentate streams resulted in a retentate ethanol concentrate containing ca 80 wt% ethanol, but requiring only 2.2 MJ fuel kg−1 ethanol, significantly less than steam stripping alone.CONCLUSION: Performance of the experimental unit with a 5 wt% ethanol feed liquid corroborated chemical process simulation predictions for the energy requirement of the MAVS system, demonstrating a 63% reduction in the fuel‐equivalent energy requirement for MAVS compared with conventional steam stripping or distillation. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effects of Cu, Zn, Ni and Co on nitrification and relevance of speciation
Authors: Çeçen Ferhan , Semerci Neslihan , Geyik AyŞe Gül 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The speciation of metals is often overlooked in understanding their observed inhibitory effect in biological systems, in particular in nitrification systems. This study examines the effects of Cu, Zn, Ni and Co on a nitrifying sludge, where the aim is to relate inhibition to speciation.RESULTS: Nitrification inhibition was monitored by O2 and CO2 measurements, an approach rarely followed to date. The IC50 value of each metal was expressed in terms of total, free and labile metal. Zn and Cu formed similar species, but had different free and labile fractions. Although free and labile fractions of Cu were much lower than the others, it was the most inhibitory metal. Ni and Co exhibited quite different inhibitory effects on nitrification despite the formation of similar metal species. Co was the least inhibitory metal and exhibited its effect very slowly.CONCLUSION: The study is among the few which examine inhibition and speciation of several metals in a comparative way. In the same nitrification medium each metal formed different species, which is a factor to be considered in interpretation of inhibition. The results may be projected to nitrifying systems to clarify the underlying factors in inhibition. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical utility of abnormal opacity overlying the vertebral column on lateral chest radiography
Authors: McDonald Devon R. , Detsky Michael E. , Baerlocher Mark O. , Detsky Allan S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Chest radiography is an important component of the evaluation of patients with complaints referable to the chest. We sought to investigate the clinical utility of one particular finding on the lateral chest radiograph (CXR), namely, radioopacity obscuring the normal superior to inferior progression of vertebral radiolucency. A review of the literature yielded little published evidence to characterize the clinical utility of this finding to date.METHODS:We retrospectively identified 370 patients from a hospital database who underwent both computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest and lateral chest radiography within 24 hours. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) associated with the presence or absence of an abnormal opacity overlying the vertebral column on lateral chest radiography using CT imaging of the chest as the reference standard. We also estimated interobserver and intraobserver reliability of this finding.RESULTS:Abnormal opacity overlying the vertebral column had a sensitivity of 86.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.5%‐90.3%) and specificity of 70.4% (95% CI, 59.7%‐79.2%) for relevant CT‐documented lower lobe and associated structural pathology. The associated summary positive LR (LR+) was 2.9 (95% CI, 2.1‐4.1) and summary negative LR (LR−) was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.13‐0.26). Kappa statistics were indicative of moderate intraobserver and interobserver agreement.CONCLUSIONS:The presence of abnormal opacity overlying the vertebral column on lateral chest radiography increases the probability of lower lobe and associated structural pathology somewhat. The absence of this finding decreased the probability of such pathology to a greater degree. Thus, this finding is useful in differentiating those patients with pathology from those without. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E15–E19. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Role of hospitalists in an offsite alternate care center (ACC) for pandemic flu
Authors: Kim Christopher S. , Pile James C. , Lozon Marie M. , Wilkerson William M. , Wright Carrie M. , Cinti Sandro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecent concerns about an influenza pandemic have highlighted the need to plan for offsite Alternate Care Centers (ACCs). The likelihood of a successful response to patient surges will depend on the local health systems' ability to prepare well in advance of an influenza pandemic. Our health system has worked closely with our state's medical biodefense network to plan the establishment of an ACC for an influenza pandemic. As hospitalists have expanded their roles in their local health systems, they are poised to play a major role in planning for the next influenza pandemic. Hospitalists should work with their health system's administration in developing an ACC plan. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:546–549. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Understanding communication during hospitalist service changes: A mixed methods study
Authors: Hinami Keiki , Farnan Jeanne M. , Meltzer David O. , Arora Vineet M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Little data exist to inform hospitalist communication during service changes.OBJECTIVE:To characterize hospitalist handoffs during service changes.DESIGN:Serial survey study.SETTING:Single academic medical center.MEASUREMENTS:From May to December 2007, 60 service changes among 17 hospitalists on a nonteaching service were targeted for evaluation using an anonymous 18‐item survey that was completed by hospitalists within 48 hours of assuming care for patients. Survey items assessed completeness of handoff communication, certainty of patient care plans, missed information, time spent recovering information, and near misses/adverse events due to incomplete handoffs. The association between completeness of communication and handoff outcomes was examined. Narrative comments were analyzed qualitatively.RESULTS:Ninety‐three percent (56/60) of surveys were returned. All 17 hospitalists participated. Thirteen percent of respondents reported incomplete handoffs and 18% were uncertain of care plan on transition day. At least 1 near miss, attributable to incomplete communication was reported by 16%. Hospitalists who reported incomplete handoffs were more likely to report uncertainty about patient care plans on the transition day (71% incomplete vs. 10% complete, P < 0.01), discovery of missing information (71% incomplete vs. 24% complete, P = 0.01), near misses/adverse events (57% incomplete vs. 10% complete, P < 0.01), and more time resolving issues arising from missed information (71% incomplete vs. 22% complete, P < 0.01). Qualitative comments suggest the need for a more systematic, focused, team‐based, and patient‐centered handoff model.CONCLUSIONS:Incomplete handoffs during service changes are associated with uncertainty and potential patient harm. Suggestions to improve the completeness of hospitalist service change communications are offered. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:535–540. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Cognitive interview techniques reveal specific behaviors and issues that could affect patient satisfaction relative to hospitalists
Authors: Blanden Adam R. , Rohr Richard E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:There is a trend toward patient‐centered care as a means of improving patient satisfaction. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have made this concept more significant with plans to link reimbursement to patient satisfaction measures such as the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey (HCAHPS).OBJECTIVES:To generate hypotheses for reasons underlying diminished HCAHPS patient satisfaction survey ratings, with reference to hospitalists.DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS:Observational study conducted using a cognitive interview (CI) technique in a 180‐bed community hospital on adult medical, surgical, and critical care inpatients.MEASUREMENTS:Mixed qualitative and quantitative study using both standard responses and open‐ended responses. The standard responses were compiled into raw numbers and percentages and the qualitative responses were evaluated for common themes and other useful information.RESULTS:Notable factors that may affect satisfaction of patients include ability to have all of their questions answered, incomplete discussion of medication side effects, and failure of physicians to listen and form personal connections with them.CONCLUSION:Cognitive interview techniques can be used to provide additional detail regarding patient satisfaction beyond that provided by standard surveys. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E1–E6. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
California hospital leaders' views of hospitalists: Meeting needs of the present and future
Authors: Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Justin Knebel R. , Wachter Robert M. , Auerbach Andrew D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hospital medicine has grown rapidly, but hospital leaders' perceptions of current and future drivers of hospitalist growth are unknown.OBJECTIVE:To determine hospital executives' perceptions of factors leading to hospitalist implementation and their vision for hospitalists' work roles.SETTING:Nonfederal, acute care hospitals in California.PARTICIPANTS:California hospital leaders (eg, chief executive officers).INTERVENTION:Cross‐sectional survey from 2006 to 2007.MEASUREMENTS:We asked California hospital leaders whether their hospitals had a hospitalist service and the prospects for growth. In addition, we examined factors responsible for implementation, scope of hospitalists' practices, and need for additional certification as perceived by hospital leaders.RESULTS:We received surveys from 179 of 334 hospitals (response rate of 54%). Of the 64% of respondents that reported the use of hospitalists, none intended to decrease the size of their hospitalist group, and 57% expected growth over 2 years. The most common reasons for implementing a hospitalist program were to care for uncovered patients (68%) and improve cost/length of stay (63%). Respondents also indicated that demand from other physicians was an important factor. Leaders reported that hospitalists provide a wide range of services, with a majority involved in quality improvement projects (72%) and medical comanagement of surgical patients (66%). Most leaders favor additional certification for hospitalists.CONCLUSIONS:There is widespread adoption of hospitalists in California hospitals, with an expectation of continued growth. The drivers of the field's growth are evolving and dynamic. In particular, attentiveness to quality performance and demand from other physicians are increasingly important reasons for implementation. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:528–534. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Lack of patient knowledge regarding hospital medications
Authors: Cumbler Ethan , Wald Heidi , Kutner Jean 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patient involvement in preventing inpatient medication errors is predicated upon patient knowledge of their medications. However, there is little published on the accuracy of patient knowledge or understanding of their hospital medications.OBJECTIVE:To assess hospitalized patients' knowledge of their hospital medications and attitudes towards involvement in the medication safety process while hospitalized.METHODS:A cross‐sectional study of 50 adult internal medicine inpatients at the University of Colorado Hospital. Patients completed a list of the hospital medications they believed were prescribed to them and a survey of attitudes toward involvement in the medication safety process. The patient‐completed hospital medication list was compared to the hospital medication administration record.RESULTS:Ninety‐six percent of study patients omitted at least one prescribed hospital medication. On average, patients omitted 6.8 hospital medications. Forty‐four percent of patients believed they were receiving at least one hospital medication that was not actually prescribed. Patients < 65 years old omitted 60% of their as needed (PRN) medications whereas patients ≥ 65 years old omitted 88% (P = 0.01). Only 28% reported having seen their hospital medication list, although 81% reported this would improve their satisfaction with hospital care. Ninety percent wanted to review their hospital medication list for accuracy and 94% felt patient review of the hospital medication list had the potential to reduce errors.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that, in contrast to patient preferences, there are significant deficits in patients' knowledge of hospital medications. These results are a call to reexamine how we educate patients regarding their hospital medications. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:83–86. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A route to the γ‐secretase inhibitor [2,3,4‐3H]BMS299897 via an α‐phenylselenide derivative
Authors: Malmquist Jonas , Bernlind Alexandra , Ström Peter 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method for the preparation of [2,3,4‐3H]BMS299897 has been developed. The methyl ester of BMS299897 was oxidized to its double bond derivative, via a phenyl selenide. The resulting double bond was reduced with tritium using Wilkinson's catalyst. The tritiated BMS299897 was isolated, after basic hydrolysis, with a specific activity of 1.6 TBq/mmol. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metallation of heteroaryls and its application to isotopic labelling
Authors: Allen Paul H. , Coissard Vincent , Hickey Michael J. , Hogg Colin , Kingston Lee P. , Caffrey Moya , Wilkinson David J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe recently published procedure for the metallation of heteroaromatics and their subsequent reaction with iodine has been applied to the synthesis of deuterium‐labelled compounds. The mixed magnesium/lithium base (2) has been prepared and reacted with a range of heteroaromatics. The metallated compounds were iodolyzed with molecular iodine and the resulting iodo compounds were reductively dehalogenated with deuterium gas. This allowed confirmation of the regiochemistry of the metallation and the use of the procedure as a labelling method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The anatomy of interprofessional leadership: An investigation of leadership behaviors in team‐based health care
Authors: Anonson June M. S. , Ferguson Linda , Macdonald Mary B. , Murray B. Lee , Fowler‐Kerry Susan , Bally Jill M. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIncreasing specialization among health care professions has heightened the need for proficient interprofessional teamwork. Within the team context for practice, leadership becomes a competency expected of all practitioners who must recognize the necessity of situational leadership dependent on patient needs and the professional competencies to meet those needs. Although this need for leadership within interprofessional practice is recognized, the behavioral components of that leadership competency have not been delineated. In this article, the authors report on a study to identify the behavioral components of interprofessional practice and highlight the indicators of leadership competency in interprofessional patient‐centered care. This qualitative study involved in‐depth interviews with 24 participants from nine professions engaged in collaborative team care of clients or patients in a variety of community and acute‐based health care facilities. Interprofessional competencies were explored using grounded theory, with coding of participants' responses. In this article, the authors have highlighted leadership in interprofessional practice, and discussed the behavioral indicators of leadership that could be used in preparation of students, faculty, and practitioners for interprofessional practice, as well as in evaluation of that practice for purposes of professional growth.
Women of courage: Leadership experiences of female Nigerian immigrants in Texas
Authors: Nwabah Gladys Ifeyinwa , Heitner Keri L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA phenomenological hermeneutical research design served to explore the immigration and leadership experiences of 22 female Nigerian immigrants in Texas through analysis and interpretation of narrative data from one‐on‐one interviews and focus group interviews. The findings suggest that the process of adapting to American society and the work environment is not easy for female Nigerian immigrants. They must assimilate into American work culture and work harder to access leadership opportunities, despite their belief that equal skills should mean equal opportunity. Leadership experiences in America and Nigeria differ. Nigerian women's accents may generate negative reactions from native‐born workers, and immigrant leaders may experience differential treatment. Adjustment to the host country and leadership success for Nigerian immigrant women in the United States depends on strong family support and networking.
Who says we don't? The perspective from a small Catholic liberal arts college
Authors: Longenecker Paul D. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract“Although American higher education can justifiably take pride in its capacity to develop the student's ability to manipulate the material world through its programs in science, medicine, technology, and commerce, it has paid relatively little attention to the student's “inner” development—the sphere of values and beliefs, emotional maturity, moral development, spirituality, and self‐understanding.”—from the Foreword to Encouraging Authenticity and Spirituality in Higher Education by Alexander W. Astin and Helen S. Astin
Spirituality: Creating meaning and purpose for students the corporate way
Authors: Carter Judith Corbett 
Published: December 2009

Abstract“Although American higher education can justifiably take pride in its capacity to develop the student's ability to manipulate the material world through its programs in science, medicine, technology, and commerce, it has paid relatively little attention to the student's “inner” development—the sphere of values and beliefs, emotional maturity, moral development, spirituality, and self‐understanding.”—from the Foreword to Encouraging Authenticity and Spirituality in Higher Education by Alexander W. Astin and Helen S. Astin
Timing clorpirifos + cypermethrin and indoxacarb applications to control European corn borer damage and fumonisin contamination in maize kernels
Authors: Blandino Massimo , Peila Alessandro , Reyneri Amedeo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: European corn borer (ECB) is the main maize pest in central and southern Europe and it promotes the infection of maize with Fusarium verticillioides, which is able to produce fumonisins. Field experiments were performed from 2006 to 2007 in northwestern Italy to determine the effects of the timing of insecticide applications on maize fungal ear rot and fumonisin contamination in natural infection conditions. Four application timings and two insecticides (clorpirifos + cypermethrin and indoxacarb) were compared each year.RESULTS: In both years, the treatments applied at the beginning of a consistent ECB flight activity and at the flight peak showed the best efficacy to control the insect damage on ears. Fungal ear rot and fumonisin contamination were clearly affected by ECB control. The efficacy of the best application timing to control fumonisin occurrence was 73% in 2006 and 84% in 2007. Earlier insecticide applications showed lower fumonisin contamination than treatments applied after the adult flight peak.CONCLUSION: The production of maize and maize‐based foods with a low fumonisin content may be enhanced through correct insecticide application against the second ECB generation. The optimum timing of insecticides is between the beginning of a consistent adult flight activity and the flight peak. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry