bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and electronic double effects on S‐doping dendritic mesoporous CeFeW/DM catalyst for enhancing SO2 tolerance in the low temperature NH3‐SCR reaction
Authors: Huang Xiaosheng , Ling Weitong , Cui Rongji , Li Xiaona , Xi Yongjie , Tang Zhicheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSO2 poisoning severely impedes the development of Ce‐based catalysts in NH3‐SCR process for nitrogen oxides elimination. S‐doping dendritic mesoporous(DM)‐structured CeFeW/DM catalyst has been carefully designed in this work and its tolerance to SO2 has been effectively enhanced. The DM structure allowed metal oxides to be highly dispersed and generated Ce–O–Fe active pairs with enhancing redox ability via the efficient electron transfer between Ce3+ + Fe3+ ↔ Ce4+ + Fe2+. Importantly, the opened center–radial pore channels not only facilitated rapid adsorption of NO and NH3, but also distinctly alleviated the problem of ammonium sulfate blocking the catalyst pores during the NH3‐SCR process. Notably, S‐doping enhanced the surface acidity and inhibited the adsorption and oxidation of SO2 effectively. Besides, density functional theory calculation revealed that S‐doping further perturbed the local electronic environment and formed an electron enrichment region around the Ce–O–Fe interface, which made SO2 preferentially adsorbed on Fe sites, whereas NO was more inclined to be adsorbed on Ce sites. Therefore, the Ce active site was protected from SO2 poisoning, enabling both L‐H and E‐R reaction pathways simultaneously occurring with smooth adsorption and activation of NO on CeFeW/DM. This study deeply reveals the coordination efforts between catalyst structure and electronic effects, which provided a new idea for designing highly efficient SO2‐resistant Ce‐based catalysts for low temperature NH3‐SCR reaction.
Sex Influences the Genetic Structure of Greenland Halibut in the North Atlantic
Authors: Estévez‐Barcia Daniel , Roy Denis , Vihtakari Mikko , Gíslason Davíð , Lindegren Martin , Christensen Asbjørn , Wheeland Laura , Treble Margaret , Úbeda Julio , Nogueira Adriana , Hedges Kevin , Láruson Áki Jarl , Rivera Alejandro Mateos , Dahle Geir , Westgaard Jon‐Ivar , Elvarsson Bjarki , Ofstad Lise Helen , Hallfredsson Elvar H. , Albert Ole Thomas , Boje Jesper , Johansen Torild 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGreenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) is a commercially important species in the North Atlantic whose spatial population structure has not yet been fully determined across its entire range. We genotyped individuals from across the North Atlantic using a subset of informative single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers to assess their usability as a SNP panel. We assessed whether these purportedly structured SNPs had any association with sex. We found several of these loci to be in sex‐determining chromosomes and that their inclusion generated genetic structure mainly in males. The population structure without the sex‐associated SNPs was weak and followed an isolation‐by‐distance pattern, likely with a large regional population on each side of the North Atlantic. We discuss how different sex ratios in the samples and/or an evolving sex‐determination system in this species likely caused the inclusion of sex‐associated loci in the panel. We found suggestive evidence of polymorphisms at sex‐determining chromosomes differentiating males on east and west locations, indicating evolution of the sex‐determination system. These results highlight the importance of documenting sex‐based differences in genetic studies and call for a better understanding of genomic architecture to understand sex‐determination systems across the whole distribution of sexually dimorphic species.
The contribution of pollinator‐mediated versus pollinator‐independent interactions to plant reproduction
Authors: James Aubrie R. M. , Geber Monica A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPollinator‐mediated and pollinator‐independent interactions both affect plant reproductive success but are often studied independently. Evaluating the separate and cumulative effect of both types of interactions is necessary to understand population dynamics and species coexistence. Here, we ask how interactions during growth and flowering contribute to pollinator‐mediated and pollinator‐independent density dependence in components of reproduction and total fecundity in communities of Clarkia species. Using experimental plots embedded in natural communities of forbs and grasses, we examine the response of flower number, ovule number per flower, seed set (% of ovules in a fruit that are filled seed), and total fecundity (total seed number per plant) of focal plants of four Clarkia species to varying densities of background Clarkia, forbs, and grasses, with (control) or without supplemental pollination of focal flowers. A comparison of seed set and total fecundity between control and pollen‐supplemented flowers provided an estimate of pollen limitation to reproduction, which was largely pollinator mediated in this study. Forbs and grasses exerted a density‐dependent, pollinator‐independent competitive effect on all reproductive components and on total fecundity. By contrast, interactions between focal and background Clarkia were entirely density‐independent, pollinator‐mediated, and affected only seed set. Pollinator‐mediated effects on seed set between pairs of focal and background Clarkia species were largely competitive, and in line with the known pollination biology of Clarkia species. Our results point to the importance of evaluating pollinator‐mediated interactions in the context of natural communities, and that pollinator‐mediated interactions between Clarkia species, while strong, are not likely to affect population dynamics at the scale of the small local neighborhood but may do so at larger spatial and/or temporal scales.
Pygoscelis penguins prefer different oceanographic and terrestrial habitats during the austral summer
Authors: Gallagher Katherine L. , Herman Rachael , Walton Katherine , Dinniman Michael S. , Lynch Heather J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPygoscelis penguins interact with both terrestrial and marine environments, especially during the austral summer when they raise their chicks. Accessible ice‐free ground spaces serve as locations for penguins to build colonies and successfully raise chicks while the surrounding marine environment serves as the foraging grounds for adult birds. Penguins must be able to navigate through the waters around their colonies to forage for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), their primary prey during the austral summer. Krill, whose distributions are driven partially by the surrounding physics and partially by their behaviors, must also be plentiful in the waters near the colonies to support foraging penguins. Here, we test the hypothesis that terrestrial and oceanographic variables can describe habitat suitability for Pygoscelis penguins along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during the austral summer and hypothesize that oceanographic and terrestrial covariates contribute differently to each species based on their life‐histories. We built habitat suitability models using logistic regressions with a variety of datasets and determined important covariates using jackknife analysis. We developed a novel method to estimate the contribution of oceanographic and terrestrial covariates using the model terms. Models performed well across all species (area under the curve [AUC] >0.85) and predicted existing habitats as highly suitable for each species. The models also predicted new habitat for each species, including potential habitat for gentoo penguins in Marguerite Bay. While jackknife analysis suggests that terrestrial elevation is the single most important variable for some species, variables such as spring sea ice extent, prey persistence, and near‐shore current velocities also were major contributors to the model across the Peninsula. Oceanographic covariates contributed the most (~65%) to chinstrap penguin habitat suitability, and the least (20%–40%) to Adélie habitat suitability. Different oceanographic variables made up most of this oceanographic term for different species, suggesting that the species select for different oceanographic habitats near breeding colonies. Understanding the major habitat suitability drivers for Pygoscelis penguins today will help us understand how habitat suitability will change in future climate conditions.
Dynamic Activation of NADPH Oxidases in Immune Responses Modulates Differentiation, Function, and Lifespan of Plasma Cells
Authors: Bucheli Olivia T. M. , Rodrigues Daniela , Ulbricht Carolin , Hauser Anja E. , Eyer Klaus 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNADPH‐oxidase (NOX)‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described to play essential roles in B‐cell activation processes. However, several key questions concerning NOX activity and subsequent ROS production remain unaddressed, including fundamental processes such as differentiation, functional competence, cellular metabolism, and viability. This study investigated these questions in a murine B‐cell response after secondary immunization. We combined single‐cell transcriptomics and single‐cell detection of NOX activity and observed that various subsets of B cells dynamically express NOX1 and NOX2. The NOX+ cellular phenotype correlated with increased activity of metabolic pathways, augmented lactate production, lower IgG secretion rates, and markers for longevity. The NOX+ cellular phenotype was also associated with increased cellular stress and apoptosis, underscoring the intricate relationship between ROS and cellular survival. Consequently, these insights advance our understanding of how long‐lived humoral immunity is formed.
NK Cell Immaturity and NKp30 Expression Positively Correlate with Clinical Outcome in Multiple Myeloma Patients from the IFM2009 Clinical Trial
Authors: Villard Marine , Viel Sébastien , Karlin Lionel , Avet‐Loiseau Hervé , Martinet Ludovic , Marçais Antoine , Walzer Thierry 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMultiple myeloma (MM) is a proliferation of tumoral plasma cells that is still incurable. Natural killer (NK) cells can recognize and kill MM cells in vitro. However, previous literature suggests an alteration of NK cell function in MM patients. To further evaluate this point, we used multi‐parametric flow cytometry to monitor NK cell phenotype in bone marrow samples at diagnosis of MM, taking advantage of the IFM2009 trial and associated samples. Our results show an increase in the frequency of NK cells in MM patients. A detailed analysis of NK cell phenotype showed a decreased expression of terminal maturation markers such as KLRG1 or CD57 and an increased expression of CD56bright/tissue resident markers among NK cells from MM patients. The extent of these alterations is even more pronounced as the ISS score increases in patients. Finally, a favorable clinical evolution correlates with NK cell immaturity, on the one hand, and with the level of NKp30, a receptor more expressed in immature NK cells on the other hand. Altogether, these data suggest that immature and resident NK cells are particularly involved in the anti‐myeloma response, notably via NKp30, which could pave the way for future therapeutic strategies.
ISG15‐Dependent Stabilisation of USP18 Is Necessary but Not Sufficient to Regulate Type I Interferon Signalling in Humans
Authors: Vasou Andri , Nightingale Katie , Cetkovská Vladimíra , Scheler Jonathan , Bamford Connor G. G. , Andrejeva Jelena , Rowe Jessica C. , Swatek Kirby N. , Schwarz‐Linek Ulrich , Randall Richard E. , McLauchlan John , Weekes Michael P. , Bogunovic Dusan , Hughes David J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTType I interferon (IFN) signalling induces the expression of several hundred IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) that provide an unfavourable environment for viral replication. To prevent an overexuberant response and autoinflammatory disease, IFN signalling requires tight control. One critical regulator is the ubiquitin‐like protein IFN‐stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), evidenced by autoinflammatory disease in patients with inherited ISG15 deficiencies. Current models suggest that ISG15 stabilises ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 18 (USP18), a well‐established negative regulator of IFN signalling. USP18 also functions as an ISG15‐specific peptidase that cleaves ISG15 from ISGylated proteins; however, USP18's catalytic activity is dispensable for controlling IFN signalling. Here, we show that the ISG15‐dependent stabilisation of USP18 involves hydrophobic interactions reliant on tryptophan 123 (W123) in ISG15. Nonetheless, while USP18 stabilisation is necessary, it is not sufficient for the regulation of IFN signalling; ISG15 C‐terminal mutants with significantly reduced affinity still stabilised USP18, yet the magnitude of signalling resembled ISG15‐deficient cells. Hence, USP18 requires non‐covalent interactions with the ISG15 C‐terminal diGlycine motif to promote its regulatory function. It shows ISG15 is a repressor of type I IFN signalling beyond its role as a USP18 stabiliser.
Valorization of Biodiesel Into Bio‐Based Plasticizers: Optimization of Epoxidized Fatty Acid Isobutyl Ester Production Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Liang Xiaojiang , Fei Haotian , Wu Fengjiao , Ma Jiawei , Wu Zhenyu , Nie Yong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBiodiesel is a promising green chemical feedstock due to its renewability and sustainability. In this study, bio‐based plasticizers, epoxidized fatty acid isobutyl esters (Ep‐FABEs), were prepared using biodiesel as a feedstock through a combination of transesterification and the formic acid autocatalytic method. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, FA/C═C molar ratio, and H2O2/C═C molar ratio on the conversion to oxirane (RCO) during the epoxidation process were investigated using a central composite design. Both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to model and optimize the epoxidation process. Comparative analysis revealed that the ANN model demonstrated superior predictive capabilities, with lower mean squared error (MSE), lower mean absolute error (MAE), and a higher coefficient of determination (R2) compared to the RSM model. The ANN model predicted an RCO of 92%, which was closely aligned with the experimental value of 91% under optimized conditions (reaction temperature of 66°C, reaction time of 6.7 h, FA/C═C molar ratio of 0.35, and H2O2/C═C molar ratio of 2.70). Additionally, the physico‐chemical properties of Ep‐FABEs were further analyzed. These findings provide valuable insights into the production of bio‐based plasticizers using biodiesel as a feedstock.
Experimental study on heterogeneous Fenton reaction oxidation of NO by reducing modified biochar loaded Fe3O4
Authors: Yang Zhengyin , Zheng Shihang , Wen Zhengcheng , Wei Xiaohan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHeterogeneous Fenton method stands out due to its simplicity, rapid reaction rates, low costs, and high degradation efficiency, making it an ideal candidate for NO oxidation removal in low‐temperature flue gas. The catalyst plays a crucial role in determining the catalytic efficiency of heterogeneous Fenton reaction. Biochar, characterized by its rich pore structure, abundant surface functional groups, and high adsorption strength, serves as an excellent carrier for Fenton catalysts. This paper investigates the impact of various factors on NO oxidation using biochar loaded with nano Fe3O4 as the catalyst. The study identifies optimal process conditions and the improvement mechanism of reducing modification of biochar is also analyzed in depth. Results indicate that NO oxidation efficiency increases with higher concentrations and injection rates of H2O2. The optimal temperature range for the atomization zone is found to be between 150 and 170°C. Increasing the iron content in the catalyst significantly enhances NO oxidation efficiency, with an optimal iron content of approximately 50%. The reducing modification of biochar is controlled by adjusting the pH of the synthesis solution, and increasing the pH from 7 to 13 raises NO oxidation efficiency from 84.1% to 99.1%. Quantum chemical calculations further demonstrate that higher pH levels correlate with greater degrees of biochar reduction, an increased number of CC sp2 hybrids, and enhanced electron transfer rates, all of which contribute to improved catalytic efficiency.
Early MRI changes in status epilepticus: Associations with seizure characteristics, EEG findings, and prognosis in patients without large lesions
Authors: Guven Munevver Ece , Pazarci Nevin Kuloglu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role, frequency, and pattern of signal changes in cranial MRI associated with status epilepticus (SE) and their correlation with EEG and clinical findings in patients with large lesions, such as tumors, strokes, or major space‐occupying anomalies.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 44 patients diagnosed with SE between January 2013 and June 2019. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, seizure semiology, SE features (type and prognosis), and EEG and MRI findings were collected from hospital records. The relationships between periictal MRI abnormalities, MRI lateralization, clinical semiology, EEG findings, SE prognosis, and outcome at discharge were analyzed.ResultsThe median age of participants was 61.5 years, with 65.91% being female. Bilateral MRI signals were significantly more common in patients with generalized convulsive SE. Patients with SWI signal changes had a significantly lower median age and a higher percentage of previous epilepsy history. Increased signal intensity on DWI and T2‐FLAIR sequences was observed in 86.4% and 22.7% of patients, respectively. Among those with increased DWI signals, the neocortex was a common localization (45.45%). The group with T2‐FLAIR signal increases had a significantly lower median age, a higher percentage of generalized convulsive SE, and a lower percentage of non‐convulsive SE. Poor prognosis was observed in 40.91% of patients, with generalized EEG findings significantly more frequent in this group.SignificancePeriictal MRI findings in SE patients demonstrated significant associations with clinical presentation but showed no correlation with EEG or prognosis. Further research is needed to explore the link between MRI findings and SE prognosis in the acute phase.
Insights into temporal changes in debris flow susceptibility following fire in the Southwest USA from monitoring and repeat estimates of soil hydraulic and physical properties
Authors: Martinez Joseph R. , McGuire Luke A. , Youberg Ann M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWildfire influences geomorphic process rates, increasing the potential for runoff‐generated debris flows in steep watersheds. Runoff‐generated postfire debris flows (PFDFs) often initiate when overland flow rapidly mobilizes sediment from steep hillslopes and channels. Fire effects on soil hydraulic properties, including their magnitude and temporal persistence, can therefore play an influential role in determining the degree to which fire increases debris‐flow potential and the time period for heightened debris‐flow hazards following fire. There is a paucity of measurements that quantify the timing of changes in soil hydraulic properties throughout the first 1–2 years after fire. Here, we monitored rainfall and debris‐flow activity in two watersheds burned by the 2022 Contreras Fire in Arizona, USA, over the first 1.5 years following fire. We quantified changes in soil hydraulic properties during 11 site visits using in‐situ measurements with a tension infiltrometer to provide insight into the temporal persistence of heightened debris‐flow hazards. Specifically, we estimated field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs), wetting front potential (hf) and sorptivity (S). We further tracked changes in soil water repellency, ground cover and soil physical and chemical properties, including bulk density, carbon and organic matter content to help explain temporal trends in soil hydraulic properties. Seasonal variations in Kfs, hf and S were substantial, leading to non‐monotonic relationships between these properties and time since fire. Rainfall‐runoff modelling demonstrates that the magnitude of these seasonal changes are sufficient to influence runoff ratios and suggest postfire debris‐flow susceptibility could change over timescales as short as several months. A comparison of Kfs, hf and S at similar times during the first and second postfire years indicates that Kfs hf and S decreased immediately following the fire. We observed two debris flows, which occurred during the first three months after the fire. The relatively short time associated with notable fire effects on soil hydraulic properties, combined with substantial increases in ground cover during the first postfire year, help explain observations that PFDFs primarily initiate in the first rainy season following fire in the Southwest USA.
Form‐Stable Composite Phase Change Material With In Situ Constructed Phase‐Changeable Polymer Adsorption Backbone
Authors: Xiao Changren , Zhang Jiangyun , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe strategy of mixing adsorption skeleton to obtain composite phase change materials (CPCM) aiming to strengthen its thermal stability is confirmed to be simple but effective, and CPCM's thermal stability is directly proportional to the weight ratio of the adsorption skeleton. However, the processability and thermal storage density of which are inversely proportional to the content of adsorption backbone. To relieve the above contradiction, this paper proposed an in situ construction method for a phase‐changeable adsorption backbone (PCPB). The in situ growth strategy avoided the processing difficulties caused by high stirring viscosity owing to the addition of large dosage of adsorption filler. Moreover, PCPB prepared via in situ polymerization of octadecyl methacrylate and 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate in PCM matrix presented obvious endothermic peak with latent heat of 89.5 J g−1, which could undoubtedly alleviate the decay rate of CPCM's latent heat. In details, the maximum PCM loading percentage of PCPB could reach 50 wt%, and CPCM at this loading amount could reach latent heat as high as 149.7 J g−1 and maintain form‐stable without leakage even after thermal storage saturation. In addition, with the growth of PCPB in the phase change matrix, the 50% degradation temperature increased dramatically from 164.6°C to 350.0°C.