bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical intervention of Lemierre’s syndrome: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Pan Yiqi , Shi Zhihong , Ye Bin , Da Qian , Wang Chaofu , Shen Yilin , Xiang Mingliang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Lemierre’s syndrome is a fatal and rare disease that is typically characterized by oropharyngeal infection and internal jugular vein thrombosis. Timely institution of appropriate antibiotics is the standard treatment.

Case presentation
The authors report a case of Lemierre’s syndrome. A 67-year-old male patient of Han ethnicity in China suffered from a large inflammatory neck mass involving left internal jugular vein thrombosis diagnosed as Lemierre’s syndrome and finally cured by surgical treatment. In addition, a literature review was carried out through PubMed using the terms “Lemierre’s syndrome/disease and review, meta-analysis or retrospective study” and “Lemierre’s syndrome/disease and internal jugular vein”. This search yielded six articles that recorded surgical methods such as drainage, craniotomy, tooth extraction, and ligation of the occluded vein to give clinicians more ideas about the treatment of the Lemierre’s syndrome.

Conclusion
This is the first review to summarize the conditions under which surgical treatment are conducted. Additionally, this is the first report of such a large inflammatory neck mass that was completely cured by surgical resection and internal jugular vein ligation. The authors also offer several conclusions regarding surgical intervention in Lemierre’s syndrome for the first time.
Interferon-gamma producing CD4+ T cells quantified by flow cytometry as early markers for Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle
Authors: Bulun Hakan , Bridger Philip S. , Schillinger Simone , Akineden Ömer , Barth Stefanie A. , Fischer Marta , Henrich Manfred , Seeger Torsten , Doll Klaus , Bülte Michael , Bauerfeind Rolf , Menge Christian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent diagnostic methods for Johne’s disease in cattle allow reliable detection of infections with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) not before animals are 2 years of age. Applying a flow cytometry-based approach (FCA) to quantify a MAP-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) response in T cell subsets, the present study sought to monitor the kinetics of the cell-mediated immune response in experimentally infected calves. Six MAP-negative calves and six calves, orally inoculated with MAP at 10 days of age, were sampled every 4 weeks for 52 weeks post-inoculation (wpi). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with either purified protein derivatives (PPD) or whole cell sonicates derived from MAP (WCSj), M. avium ssp. avium or M. phlei for 6 days followed by labeling of intracellular IFN-γ in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. No antigen-specific IFN-γ production was detectable in CD8+ cells throughout and the responses of CD4+ cells of MAP-infected and control calves were similar up to 12 wpi. However, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for the detection of IFN-γ in CD4+ cells after WCSj antigen stimulation allowed for a differentiation of animal groups from 16 wpi onwards. This approach had a superior sensitivity (87.8%) and specificity (86.8%) to detect infected animals from 16 wpi onwards, i.e., in an early infection stage, as compared to the IFN-γ release assay (IGRA). Quantification of specific IFN-γ production at the level of individual CD4+ cells may serve, therefore, as a valuable tool to identify MAP-infected juvenile cattle.
PTK2 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for EGFR- or TLRs-induced lung cancer progression via the regulation of the cross-talk between EGFR- and TLRs-mediated signals
Authors: Kim Ji Young , Shin Ji Hye , Kim Mi-Jeong , Choi Bongkum , Kang Yeeun , Choi Jimin , Kim Seo Hyun , Kwan Dohee , Kim Duk-Hwan , Chun Eunyoung , Lee Ki-Young 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProtein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and toll-like receptor (TLRs) are amplified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the functional and clinical associations between them have not been elucidated yet in NSCLC. By using microarray data of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissues and matched normal tissues of 42 NSCLC patients, the genetic and clinical associations between PTK2, EGFR, and TLRs were analyzed in NSCLC patients. To verify the functional association, we generated PTK2-knockout (PTK2-KO) lung cancer cells by using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing method, and performed in vitro cancer progression assay, including 3D tumor spheroid assay, and in vivo xenografted NSG (NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull) mouse assay. Finally, therapeutic effects targeted to PTK2 in lung cancer in response to EGF and TLR agonists were verified by using its inhibitor (Defactinib). In summary, we identified that up-regulated PTK2 might be a reliable marker for EGFR- or TLRs-induced lung cancer progression in NSCLC patients via the regulation of the cross-talk between EGFR- and TLRs-mediated signaling. This study provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic intervention of PTK2 targeting EGFR- or TLRs-induced lung cancer progression.
Non-receipt of targeted and immunotherapies in diverse patients with metastatic cancers.
Authors: Veenstra Christine M , Abrahamse Paul , Kurian Allison W. , Hawley Sarah T. , Farias Albert , Hamilton Ann S. , Ward Kevin C , Katz Steven Jay 
Published: May 2024

e13563 Background: The rapid evolution of molecularly targeted kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of metastatic cancer, coupled with high drug costs, raises potential for unwarranted variation in patient management. We evaluated correlates of non-receipt of TKIs and ICIs in a diverse, population-based sample of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), kidney and bladder (GU) cancer, and melanoma. Methods: We identified 2240 patients diagnosed in 2019 with metastatic NSCLC, GU cancer, or melanoma and reported to the Georgia or Los Angeles SEER registries. Using SEER registry data, we linked all patients to a managing oncology physician. We collected data from the managing physician regarding receipt of TKIs and ICIs. We used bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models to assess associations between non-receipt of TKIs and ICIs and patient-level factors. Results: We present results for a preliminary sample (N=894). About half (55%) of the patients had NSCLC, 31% had GU cancer, and 14% had melanoma. The mean age was 62 (SD 12); 59% were male; 65% were White, 16% were Black, 11% were Hispanic, and 7% were Asian; 52% had Medicare, 29% had private insurance, 9% had Medicaid, and 4% had no insurance; 89% resided in urban areas, 11% resided in rural areas. 22% lived in a census tract area with ≥20% of the population living below the poverty level. The Table shows that in bivariate analyses, non-receipt of TKIs was associated with NSCLC, older age, male sex, non-white race, and non-private or no insurance (all p<0.05). After adjustment, non-receipt of TKIs was associated with NSCLC, older age, male sex, and race. Asian and Hispanic patients had lower rates of non-receipt, and Black patients had higher rates. In bivariate analyses, non-receipt of ICIs was associated with NSCLC and GU cancer (p=0.004); this association remained significant after adjustment. Conclusions: Non-receipt of TKIs was associated with important non-clinical factors including race and sex. Non-receipt of ICIs was associated only with cancer type. These findings suggest that policy-relevant factors such as out-of-pocket costs for oral cancer therapies and differential access to molecular sequencing may contribute to unwarranted variation in receipt of TKIs. [Table: see text]
Identification of genes related to PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor samples by GFPrint, a machine learning framework (MLF).
Authors: Sanz Martín Guillermo , Dominguez Correa Juan Manuel , Mendoza Bertelli Andrea , Cantarella Maria Florencia , Dibarbora Delfina , Galmarini Carlos Maria , Salanova Ruben 
Published: May 2024

e13600 Background: The advent of drugs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has revolutionized NSCLC treatment. Although promising, individual responses to these therapies can vary among individuals, and research is ongoing to better understand the mechanisms involved in PD1/PD-L1 expression to optimize treatment protocols, and identify which patients are most likely to benefit from these therapies. In this study, Genetic Fingerprint (GFPrint), a MLF, was employed to identify mutations in genes linked to PD-L1 expression in NSCLC tumor samples. Methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was run on samples from biopsies of 46 NSCLC patients (histologic subtypes: squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma). WES data were encoded using GFPrint, a MLF that generates virtual representations of the tumor exomes in a latent space (LS) defined by the genetic features of the samples. Clusters of patients were identified in such LS based on the genetic similarities of their tumors. Statistical univariate analysis was run to analyze differences in the distribution among both clusters of clinical (age, smoking, and metastatic status) and pathological (histotype and PD-L1 expression) features. The mutational burden (MB) of each cluster was also examined by pathway enrichment analysis (PEA). Results: Two main clusters were identified, C0 (n=16) and C1 (n=17), with 13 unassigned patients. Main differences between clusters were related to histology and PD-L1 expression. C0 included significantly less patients with adenocarcinoma (10/16; 62.5%) compared to CL1 (17/17; 100%) (p-value=.01). In addition, C0 presented more patients expressing PD-L1 (9/16; 56.2%) compared to C1 (3/17; 17.6%) (p-value=.04). Of interest, PD-L1 positivity was significantly higher (p value=.03) in adenocarcinomas of C0 patients (6/10; 60.0%) than those of C1 (3/17; 17.6%). Moreover, C0 adenocarcinomas presented higher levels of PD-L1 expression (6.3+/-9.7 %) than those of C1 (2.3+/-7.5 %) (p value=.06). MB analysis revealed that 1,357 genes were mutated exclusively in C0 patients, and PEA allowed the identification of 3 enriched cancer-related KEGG pathways: HIF-1 signaling, Ca2+ signaling and actin cytoskeleton. Selection of non-silent mutations in these pathways enabled the identification of 10 genes, mostly included in the HIF-1 signaling pathway, with previous data suggesting their involvement in PD-L1 regulation and expression: PIK3R1, HK1, NOS2, NRAS, BRAF, ITGA1, ITGA9, EGLN1, EGLN2 and AKT1, being the first 6 the only ones found in adenocarcinomas. Conclusions: The identified genes deserve further studies to validate them as possible targets of pharmacological intervention concomitant to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and also as potential biomarkers for patients’ selection to improve the efficiency of immunotherapy in NSCLC treatment.
Racial and elderly disparities in receipt of guideline-concordant care in stage I-III breast cancer.
Authors: Castillo Brenda Sofia , Boadi Taussia , Han Xiaoyan , Shulman Lawrence N. , Martei Yehoda M. 
Published: May 2024

e13688 Background: Elderly and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients have worse breast cancer specific survival outcomes. We evaluated whether guideline concordant care (GCC) and all-cause mortality in stage I-III breast cancer differed by race among patients ≥ 65 years old. Methods: We used the National Cancer Database (NCDB), to identify a cohort of 25174 NHB and 233357 non-Hispanic White patients (NHW), ≥65 years old, diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer between 2010 and 2019. We used the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines to define GCC, including surgery, radiation and systemic therapy. Specific systemic therapies and cause of death were unavailable. We used logistic regression models to assess the association between race and GCC. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations between race and all-cause mortality after adjusting for GCC. Both models adjusted for disease, demographics, income and educational attainment. We assessed the odds of not receiving timely GCC within 30, 60 and 90 days from diagnosis for NHB vs. NHW patients using logistic regression. Results: Overall, 15% of patients did not receive GCC. Being NHB compared to NHW was associated with increased odds of not receiving GCC in univariate (OR=1.24 95%CI: 1.20-1.28) and multivariate analysis (aOR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.08-1.17). Being NHB was associated with 26% increased risk of all-cause mortality in the univariate analysis (HR=1.26, p<0.001), which decreased to 4% increased risk, after adjusting for GCC, age, clinical and sociodemographic factors (aHR=1.04, p=0.027). Non-receipt of GCC (aHR=1.75, p<0.001) and lower educational attainment (aHR 1.18, p <0.001) were independently associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality. Higher median income (aHR 0.91, p<0.001) was independently associated with a decreased risk of mortality. Being NHW compared to NHB was associated with increased odds of initiating treatment within 30 (OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.6-1.69), 60 (OR=2.11, 95% CI 2.04-2.18), and 90 days of breast cancer diagnosis (OR=2.39, 95% CI 2.27-2.51). Conclusions: Among elderly patients with stage I-III BC, being NHB was associated with increased odds of not receiving GCC and less timely treatment initiation. Being NHB was associated with increased all-cause mortality, which was attenuated after adjusting for GCC. Optimizing timely receipt of GCC may reduce inferior survival outcomes among elderly NHB breast cancer patients. Identifying area-level determinants may help design targeted interventions. Limitations include lack of granular systemic therapy data, likely overestimating GCC receipt, biasing the analysis towards the null, and lack of cause-specific death among elderly patients with competing risks of death.
Mindfulness-based group medical visits: Strategies to improve equitable access and inclusion for diverse patients in cancer treatment.
Authors: Atreya Chloe Evelyn , Leung Ivan C. , Chao Maria T. , Thompson-Lastad Ariana , Pollak Christine , Dhruva Anand , Hartogensis Wendy , Lister Michael , Cheng Stephanie W. , Mishra Kavita K. 
Published: May 2024

e13717 Background: The 2023 Society for Integrative Oncology-ASCO joint guideline recommends mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) as the non-pharmacologic therapy with the highest level of evidence to improve anxiety and depression symptoms experienced by adults with cancer. However, the evidence predominately derives from White breast cancer survivors. Racial and ethnic minority patients have less access to integrative symptom support and worse cancer outcomes. To address these gaps, we designed and piloted a series of mindfulness-based group medical visits (MB-GMVs), embedded into comprehensive cancer care, for racially and ethnically diverse patients in cancer treatment. Methods: As a quality improvement project, we launched a telehealth MB-GMV series for patients undergoing cancer treatment, delivered as four weekly 2-hour visits billable to insurance. Content was concordant with evidence-based guidelines and established MBIs and adapted to improve cultural relevance and fit (e.g., access-centered, trauma-informed, with inclusive communication practices). Program structure was adapted to address barriers to participation, with ≥50% slots per series reserved for racial and ethnic minority patients. Intake surveys incorporated a demographic questionnaire and symptom assessments. Evaluations were sent following the visits. Results: In our first ten cohorts (n=78), 80% of referred patients enrolled. Participants were: 22% Asian, 14% Black, 17% Latino, 45% non-Latino White; 65% female; with median age 54 years (range 27-79); and 80% had metastatic cancer. Common baseline symptoms included lack of energy, difficulty sleeping, and worrying. Most patients (90%) attended ≥3 visits. On final evaluations, 87% patients rated the series as “excellent”; 81% “strongly agreed” that they liked the GMV format; and 92% would “definitely” recommend the series to others. Qualitative themes included empowerment and connectedness. Conclusions: Telehealth GMVs are a feasible, acceptable, and financially sustainable model for increasing access to MBIs. Diverse patients in active cancer treatment were able to participate and reported high levels of satisfaction with this series that was tailored to center health equity and inclusion.
Single-Cell Analysis of Subcutaneous Fat Reveals Profibrotic Cells That Correlate With Visceral Adiposity in HIV
Authors: Bailin Samuel S , Gabriel Curtis L , Gangula Rama D , Hannah LaToya , Nair Sangeeta , Carr John Jeffrey , Terry James G , Silver Heidi J , Simmons Joshua D , Mashayekhi Mona , Kalams Spyros A , Mallal Simon , Kropski Jonathan A , Wanjalla Celestine N , Koethe John R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Cardiometabolic diseases are common in persons with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has been attributed to preferential lipid storage in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). However, the relationship of SAT-specific cellular and molecular programs with VAT volume is poorly understood in PWH.

Objective
We characterized SAT cell-type specific composition and transcriptional programs that are associated with greater VAT volume in PWH on contemporary ART.

Methods
We enrolled PWH on long-term ART with a spectrum of metabolic health. Ninety-two participants underwent SAT biopsy for bulk RNA sequencing and 43 had single-cell RNA sequencing. Computed tomography quantified VAT volume and insulin resistance was calculated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR).

Results
VAT volume was associated with HOMA2-IR (P &lt; .001). Higher proportions of SAT intermediate macrophages (IMs), myofibroblasts, and MYOC+ fibroblasts were associated with greater VAT volume using partial Spearman's correlation adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (r = 0.34-0.49, P &lt; .05 for all). Whole SAT transcriptomics showed PWH with greater VAT volume have increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)– and inflammation-associated genes, and reduced expression of lipolysis- and fatty acid metabolism–associated genes.

Conclusion
In PWH, greater VAT volume is associated with a higher proportion of SAT IMs and fibroblasts, and a SAT ECM and inflammatory transcriptome, which is similar to findings in HIV-negative persons with obesity. These data identify SAT cell-type specific changes associated with VAT volume in PWH that could underlie the high rates of cardiometabolic diseases in PWH, though additional longitudinal studies are needed to define directionality and mechanisms.
A Spatial History of Seaports in South Asia
Authors: Ludden David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Seaports provide material foundations for globalization. In the long history of global mobile connectivity that now forms globalization, the Indian Ocean is the world's oldest arena of expansive long-distance sea travel. People have sailed monsoon winds among coastal environments connecting Europe, Africa, India, and China since prehistoric times. Indian Ocean ports grew in number, size, wealth, and permanence over the centuries and anchored the rise of seaborne empires connecting Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Modernity traveled among industrial port cities along with lower unit costs for shipping and a dramatically increasing scale of shipping in volume, value, distance, and speed. Capital investments in seaport infrastructure grew with the scale of mobility through ports connecting producers and consumers by land and sea in commodity chains that eventually embraced people around the world with increasingly intricate, expansive interdependence, and also with ever more entrenched spatial inequity. The result is the current global seaport space of interwoven connectivity strung along the coastlines of globalization on all the continents.
Eviscerating the Sea
Authors: Anand Nikhil , Kamath Lalitha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Contemporary infrastructure projects in the sea reterritorialize port environments, continuously discarding historic occupants and coastal occupations in their wake. In this article the authors dwell on the ongoing histories through which fish and fishers are eviscerated in Mumbai's seas via the proliferation of massive infrastructural operations currently being staged by the Indian state. In so doing, they make two arguments. First, they show how infrastructures at sea are accretive forms that are simultaneously articulated at different time scales. New infrastructures currently being built in the sea in postcolonial India only intensify the expropriations of colonial projects that were staged in the sea. Second, urban fishers work not only at sea but also on the dry land of the city. As chances for making livelihoods at sea are steadily foreclosed, fishers are increasingly turning to their small parcels of land in the city, exploring how and if these might be made real estate to secure their futures.
Estimating maximum oxygen uptake of fishes during swimming and following exhaustive chase – different results, biological bases and applications
Authors: Rees Bernard B. , Reemeyer Jessica E. , Binning Sandra A. , Brieske Samantha D. , Clark Timothy D. , De Bonville Jeremy , Eisenberg Rachel M. , Raby Graham D. , Roche Dominique , Rummer Jodie L. , Zhang Yangfan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The maximum rate at which animals take up oxygen from their environment (ṀO2,max) is a crucial aspect of their physiology and ecology. In fishes, ṀO2,max is commonly quantified by measuring oxygen uptake either during incremental swimming tests or during recovery from an exhaustive chase. In this Commentary, we compile recent studies that apply both techniques to the same fish and show that the two methods typically yield different mean estimates of ṀO2,max for a group of individuals. Furthermore, within a group of fish, estimates of ṀO2,max determined during swimming are poorly correlated with estimates determined during recovery from chasing (i.e. an individual's ṀO2,max is not repeatable across methods). One explanation for the lack of agreement is that these methods measure different physiological states, each with their own behavioural, anatomical and biochemical determinants. We propose that these methods are not directly interchangeable but, rather, each is suited to address different questions in fish biology. We suggest that researchers select the method that reflects the biological contexts of their study, and we advocate for the use of accurate terminology that acknowledges the technique used to elevate ṀO2 (e.g. peak ṀO2,swim or peak ṀO2,recovery). If the study's objective is to estimate the ‘true’ ṀO2,max of an individual or species, we recommend that pilot studies compare methods, preferably using repeated-measures designs. We hope that these recommendations contribute new insights into the causes and consequences of variation in ṀO2,max within and among fish species.