bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment control and flow redistribution with submerged vanes: a review
Authors: Mandal Anirban , Gautam Hariom , Ahmad Zulfequar 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The most challenging issues in rivers include sediment management, outer bank erosion, intake choking, channel bed shoaling, and river meandering. This paper provides a concise review of the newly developed sediment and flow control technique known as the Iowa vane or submerged vane. Submerged vanes are small flow training structures designed to redistribute flow and sediment within the channel cross-section. The structural stability and economic feasibility of submerged vanes, which distinguish them from conventional methods such as dikes and groins, have inspired many researchers to study their use and efficiency in river management over many decades. Various hydrodynamic characteristics, such as flow structure, sediment motion, vortex generation, and scouring around submerged vanes and arrays of vanes, have been reviewed. Additionally, various vane parameters that influence these characteristics are also explained. This paper also underscores current limitations in understanding the flow and sediment behavior around submerged vanes, while also providing recommendations for future research in the field.
Heavy Metal Exposure-Induced Cardiovascular Diseases: Molecular
Mechanisms and Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants
Authors: Ponnusamy Bhuvaneswari , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Al-Huseini Isehaq , Woon Choy Ker , Jayaraman Selvaraj , Sirasanagandla Srinivasa Rao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of mortality every year worldwide. CVD health is influenced by various health factors, such as blood
pressure, cholesterol levels, and glucose control. The main risk factors include smoking,
physical activity, food intake, and body mass index. Around 90% of CVDs could be prevented by controlling these risk factors. Heavy metals are indigenous to the environment
of the earth. However, modern lifestyles have led to the exploitation of our environment
by unconstrained use of heavy metals. Though heavy metals are essential components,
they are hazardous to humans and living systems due to their persistent and non-degradable nature. The mainpurpose of this study is to provide a literature review on the mechanisms of heavy metals, particularly arsenic, lead, and cadmium, that cause cardiovascular diseases. The major mechanism by which heavy metals result in various modalities
of cardiovascular disease is the generation of reactive species and the depletionof the antioxidant reserves inside the biological system. The generation of reactive species gradually leads to the activation of various signaling pathways, resulting in either apoptosis or
unrestricted cell growth. These unfavorable conditions result in a state when there is an
imbalance between reactive species generation and antioxidant activity. Both endogenously present antioxidants and dietary antioxidants are very much essential in regulating the redox potential of the body. They help in the detoxification and excretion of
heavy metals and their metabolites in the biological system. Therefore, recognizing the
role of heavy metals in cardiovascular health is crucial for developing preventive strategies and interventions aimed at mitigating their adverse effects on human health.
Reducing Anxiety Levels Through the Dharma Life App-Based and Mentor-Based Program Targeting Personality Characteristics: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Wilt Joshua , Powell Monique , Wronski Steven 
Published: May 2024

Background
Personality factors and cognitive biases may contribute to anxiety. These associations suggest that interventions aimed at ameliorating such personality factors and their underlying cognitive biases may decrease anxiety. The Dharma Life Program uses an app- and mentor-based intervention that intends to ameliorate potentially maladaptive aspects of personality characteristics, such as cognitive biases. We predicted that the Dharma Life Program would lead to greater decreases in anxiety among individuals reporting difficulties with anxiety as compared to a no-treatment control condition.

Method
We recruited 43 participants through social media. Participants were randomly assigned to complete the Dharma Life Program or a no-treatment control group for eight weeks. The intervention and control groups completed baseline and follow-up measures of anxiety symptoms.

Result
Results showed that, although anxiety levels declined for participants in both conditions, participants in the Dharma Life Program group showed greater decreases over time, supporting our hypothesis that the program would ameliorate anxiety.

Conclusions
First, this study provides initial evidence that the Dharma Life Program may be effective in reducing anxiety. Second, the results also suggest more broadly that interventions targeting personality change through modifying cognitive biases may be helpful for people struggling with anxiety-related difficulties.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
NCT06138652.
Usability and Utility of a Mobile App to Deliver Health-Related Content to an Older Adult Population: Pilot Noncontrolled Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Lemos Marta , Henriques Ana Rita , Lopes David Gil , Mendonça Nuno , Victorino André , Costa Andreia , Arriaga Miguel , Gregório Maria João , de Sousa Rute , Canhão Helena , Rodrigues Ana M 
Published: May 2024

Background
Digital patient-centered interventions may be important tools for improving and promoting social interaction, health, and well-being among older adults. In this regard, we developed a mobile app called DigiAdherence for an older adult population, which consisted of easy-to-access short videos and messages, to improve health-related knowledge among them and prevent common health conditions, such as falls, polypharmacy, treatment adherence, nutritional problems, and physical inactivity.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the usability and utility of the DigiAdherence app among Portuguese older adults 65 years or older.

Methods
In this pilot noncontrolled quasi-experimental study, older adults who were patients at the primary health care center in Portimão, Portugal, and owned a smartphone or tablet were recruited. Participants were assessed at baseline, given access to the DigiAdherence app for 1 month, and assessed again immediately after 30 days (first assessment) and 60 days after stopping the use of the app (second assessment). App usability and utility (primary outcomes) were analyzed in the first follow-up assessment using a structured questionnaire with 8 items. In the second follow-up assessment, our focus was on knowledge acquired through the app. Secondary outcomes such as treatment adherence and health-related quality of life were also assessed.

Results
The study included 26 older adults. Most participants rated the different functionalities of the app positively and perceived the app as useful, attractive, and user-friendly (median score of 6 on a 7-point Likert scale). In addition, after follow-up, participants reported having a sense of security and greater knowledge in preventing falls (16/24, 67%) and managing therapies and polypharmacy (16/26, 62%).

Conclusions
The DigiAdherence mobile app was useful and highly accepted by older adults, who developed more confidence regarding health-related knowledge.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/29675
Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Data Preprocessing Techniques for Detecting, Predicting, and Monitoring Stress and Stress-Related Mental Disorders: Scoping Review
Authors: Razavi Moein , Ziyadidegan Samira , Mahmoudzadeh Ahmadreza , Kazeminasab Saber , Baharlouei Elaheh , Janfaza Vahid , Jahromi Reza , Sasangohar Farzan 
Published: May 2024

Background
Mental stress and its consequent mental health disorders (MDs) constitute a significant public health issue. With the advent of machine learning (ML), there is potential to harness computational techniques for better understanding and addressing mental stress and MDs. This comprehensive review seeks to elucidate the current ML methodologies used in this domain to pave the way for enhanced detection, prediction, and analysis of mental stress and its subsequent MDs.

Objective
This review aims to investigate the scope of ML methodologies used in the detection, prediction, and analysis of mental stress and its consequent MDs.

Methods
Using a rigorous scoping review process with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, this investigation delves into the latest ML algorithms, preprocessing techniques, and data types used in the context of stress and stress-related MDs.

Results
A total of 98 peer-reviewed publications were examined for this review. The findings highlight that support vector machine, neural network, and random forest models consistently exhibited superior accuracy and robustness among all ML algorithms examined. Physiological parameters such as heart rate measurements and skin response are prevalently used as stress predictors due to their rich explanatory information concerning stress and stress-related MDs, as well as the relative ease of data acquisition. The application of dimensionality reduction techniques, including mappings, feature selection, filtering, and noise reduction, is frequently observed as a crucial step preceding the training of ML algorithms.

Conclusions
The synthesis of this review identified significant research gaps and outlines future directions for the field. These encompass areas such as model interpretability, model personalization, the incorporation of naturalistic settings, and real-time processing capabilities for the detection and prediction of stress and stress-related MDs.
ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, AND PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS USAGE BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF MEDICAL GROUP IN BASRA, IRAQ
Authors: Kadhim Sheima Nadim , Ahmed Zainab Haroon , Abdulsahib Muntadher Luay 
Published: May 2024

Background: Psychological disease is strongly prevalent among college and university students worldwide with negative impacts on students’ life. Specifically, medical group students have long time of study with suffer from competitive ambience and sleep privation, that lead to out of the way from perfect learning environment. When medical students are abused psychotropic drugs that lead to defect on performance, health, life style and interpose with their concentration.
Aim: to investigate the prevalence rate of depression and anxiety in university students of medical group in Basra, and estimate the rate and type of psychotropic drugs consumption by them.
Method: The study data was collected from 376 students of medical group at College of Medicine, College of Dentistry and College of Pharmacy of Basra University by questionnaire forma.
Results: The prevalence rate of mental disorders was low about and many factors that affected on psychiatric state of them like gender, age, Family and friends Relation, missing one of parents etc. Among medical group students that used sedatives and hypnotics about (46%) than other psychotropic drugs like serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRIs) (42.9%) tricyclic antidepressants (21.4%), and atypical antipsychotic (7.1%).
Conclusions: Medical group students are more likely to consumption antipsychotic drugs by physician prescription or self-medications. Therefore, there are required more interesting and pursuits for college students especially medical college students for amelioration their college and social lives.

Peer Review History:
Received 6 February 2024; Revised 15 March 2024; Accepted 26 April; Available online 15 May 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Computational thinking ability in mathematics learning of exponents in grade IX
Authors: Salwadila Tiara , Hapizah Hapizah 
Published: May 2024

In the PISA 2021 framework, Computational Thinking (CT) is described as a detailed mathematical solution to the problem to be solved. However, CT-based learning still needs to be widely applied in Indonesia. This study aims to describe the CT ability of students in grade IX of junior high school based on CT indicators on the material of signed numbers. The data collection techniques in this study were test questions and interviews. Students who obtained high categories with scores above 45.76 were six students with a percentage of 21%, students who received medium categories with scores between 11.94 and 45.76 were 19 students with a rate of 66%, and students who obtained low categories with scores below 11.94 were four people with a percentage of 13%. The results of the study state that as many as 39% of students can decompose the problems given, 17% of students can recognize patterns in the problem, 24% of students can sort out the information in the situation or abstract, and 26% of students can solve problems well according to algorithm indicators.
Vertical and transverse treatment effects of Invisalign First system compared to Hyrax maxillary expanders with fixed appliances in mixed dentition patients
Authors: Moravedje Torbaty Parisa , Suh Heeyeon , Tai Sandra Khong , Baird Marta , Boyd Robert L. , Oh Heesoo 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare vertical and transverse changes in mixed dentition patients treated with the Invisalign First System (IFS) to those treated with a banded hyrax expander with fixed appliances (Hyrax) and control groups, and to assess the efficiency rate of dental arch expansion with IFS.

Materials and Methods
The study included 80 mixed dentition patients, with 40 in each group (IFS and Hyrax) and 40 controls from the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Skeletal and dental vertical dimension changes and arch width changes between pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) were evaluated.

Results
Age at T1, time interval (T1-T2), sex, and Angle class did not significantly differ among the groups. Mandibular plane angle changes showed a similar reduction for the control and IFS groups, with no changes in the Hyrax group. However, the differences among the three groups did not reach statistical significance (P = .06). The Hyrax group showed significantly greater expansion in maxillary intermolar width compared to the IFS group, 4.4 vs 2.5 mm, respectively. The efficiency of maxillary expansion using IFS ranged from 52.3% to 76.87%.

Conclusions
During the mixed dentition stage, no significant changes occurred in vertical dimensions among the control, Hyrax, and IFS groups. Although there was a trend suggesting a greater reduction in mandibular plane angle in the IFS group compared to the Hyrax group, this may not be clinically significant given the less than 1° difference. IFS can be a viable option for addressing mild arch width deficiencies, with a predictable increase in intermolar width of approximately 2.5 mm.
Att kuratera en kontext för en förskolepraktik i offentliga rum – En annan direkt demokrati uppstår
Authors: Eriksson Christine 
Published: May 2024

Denna artikel intresserar sig för hur förskolan skulle kunna erbjuda barn möjlighet att uttrycka sina angelägenheter om offentliga rum på offentliga platser. Teoretiskt är artikeln baserad på filosofen Isabelle Stengers diskussion kring behovet att skapa en annan vetenskap som aktivt deltar i att skapa ett demokratiskt hållbart samhälle, och på den ANT-inspirerade filosofen Annemarie Mols resonemang om empirisk filosofi i syfte att uppmärksamma hur olika praktiker skapar olika offentliga verkligheter. Artikeln visar hur forskare tillsammans med en liten grupp förskolebarn i åldrarna ett och ett halvt till tre år aktiverar offentliga platser såsom en buss, en tunnelbaneresa och en gång- och cykeltunnel i centrala Stockholm. I dessa empiriska aktiveringar uppstår nya offentliga praktiker som markerar en kollektivt deltagande sångpraktik på bussen, hur en kinestetisk praktik av direkt närvaro uppstår i tunnelbanan och där de förkroppsligade och sensoriska kontaktzonerna etableras genom en annan praktik av att läsa väglinjer.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Curating a Context for a Preschool Practice in Public Spaces – Another Direct Democracy Emerges
This article is interested in how the preschool practice could offer children the opportunity to express their concerns about public spaces in public places. Theoretically, the article is based on the philosopher Isabelle Stengers consideration of creating Another science which participates in creating a democratic sustainable society, and in the ANT-inspired philosopher Annemarie Mol’s reasoning about Empirical philosophy in order to pay attention to how different practices create different public realities. The article shows how a researcher together with a small group of preschool children aged one and a half to three years activate public places such as a bus, the underground metro and a walking and bicycle tunnel in the central of Stockholm, Sweden. In these empirical activations new public practices emerge which demark a collective participating singing practice on the bus, a kinesthetic practice of direct presence emerges in the underground metro and where the embodied and sensorial contact zones are established through another practice of reading road lines.
Reassessment of the Dimensions and Layout of Roadside Canals
Authors: Prawira Irza Daffa , Prastowo Prastowo 
Published: May 2024

Until now, there have been puddles on several sections of the Grand Depok City Boulevard road, which are located in the Sukmajaya and Cilodong Districts. This study aims to review the drainage system at three inundation locations (A, B, and C), which includes layout, runoff discharge, channel design discharge, channel dimensions, culverts, and cost estimation. The results showed that the drainage system was built inadequately, so an outlet channel was needed at location A and culverts at locations A and C. The calculated runoff discharge ranged from 0.16-0.73 m3/second, with a planned channel discharge ranging from 0.38-1.10 m3/sec. With this discharge value, it is necessary to deepen the canal at location A, which was originally 0.5 m to 0.7 m, and to reduce the slope of the canal bottom at location B, which was originally 3% to 2%. The culverts required at location A are 18.5 m long and 0.6 m in diameter, and there are 39 at location C, each 8 m long and 0.2 m in diameter. The estimated total cost is IDR 155,492,000. Construction of canals and culverts should use precast concrete materials and be done at night. Keywords: Reviewing, Roadside channel, Runoff.
Gaya Kelekatan dan Kesepian pada Mahasiswa Perantau
Authors: Ummah Annisa Khairun , Murdiana Sitti 
Published: May 2024

Mahasiswa perantau dituntut untuk beradaptasi dan membentuk hubungan sosial yang baru setelah meninggalkan kampung halaman dan keluarga. Kegagalan mebentuk relasi baru dengan cepat akan menyebabkan mereka merasakan kesepian. Kesepian sendiri merupakan bentuk respon psikologis dari hilangnya figur kelekatan individu terhadap seseorang yang selalu ada saat dibutuhkan. Kelekatan masa bayi terus berlanjut dan tidak berubah dalam hubungan sosial ketika dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kelekatan terhadap kesepian pada mahasiswa perantau di Universitas Negeri Makassar. Penelitian ini mengambil 300 subjek dari mahasiswa perantau di Universitas Negeri Makassar dengan metode accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui Relationship Style Questionnaire (RSQ) untuk mengukur kelekatan dan UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 untuk mengukur kesepian. Analisa data mengunnakan uji regresi ordinal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh preoccupied, dismissing, dan fearful attachment terhadap kesepian. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi evaluasi mahasiswa perantau untuk lebih berani membangun hubungan sosial yang lebih baik.
Peranan Self Efficacy dan Konsep Diri terhadap Kematangan Karir Mahasiswa
Authors: Sari Betty Suci Intan , Affandi Ghozali Rusyid 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan konsep diri dan self efficacy terhadap kematangan karir pada mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kuantitaif. Jumlah populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu 2903orang dan sampel digunakan sejumlah 343 orang mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo angkatan 2019. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling dengan menggunakan teknik purpossive sampling. Pada penelitian ini alat ukur yang digunakan terdiri dari skala konsep diri, skala self efficacy dan skala kematangan karir. Skala konsep diri yang digunakan peneliti yaitu skala Tennesse Self Concept Scale (TSCS) yang diadaptasi dari Fitts (1971) yang kemudian dimodifikasi oleh Shovia Lintina dengan nilai uji Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0.931. Adapun skala self-efficacy peneliti menggunakan general self-efficacy scale yang dikembangkan oleh Born, Schwarzer & Jerussalem (1999) yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Riangga Novrianto. Dan untuk skala kematangan karir peneliti menggunakan skala Kuesioner Kematangan Karir, peneliti menggunakan kuesioner Career Maturity yang disusun oleh Putri Nuraini berdasarkan teori dari Crites, 1976 dengan uji validitas yang telah dilakukannya. Pada penelitian ini analisis data yang digunakan teknik analisis multiple regression dengan menggunakan bantuan software JASP 0.16 dan SPSS 22.0. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi ganda menggunakan JASP 16.0 terlihat bahwa nilai koefisien regresi (R) menunjukkan angka 0,337 serta koefisien determinasi (R square) menunjukkan angka 0,113. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa self efficacy dan konsep diri secara bersama-sama dapat mempengaruhi kematangan karir sebesar 11,3% terhadap kematangan karir. Secara terpisah self efficacy memiliki peranan sebesar 2,1% terhadap kematangan karir sedangkan konsep diri memiliki peranan sebesar 9,8% terhadap kematangan karir. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam penelitian ini variabel yang paling mempengaruhi kematangan karir adalah konsep diri.
Kekerasan dalam Pacaran yang Dialami oleh Perempuan : Sebuah Kajian Literatur
Authors: Tisyara Made Kirana Amaradellia , Valentina Tience Debora 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk kekerasan dalam berpacaran dan keputusan perempuan untuk mempertahankan hubungan berpacaran meskipun mengalami kekerasan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sistematik literatur. Kriteria inklusi dalam pencarian literatur yang digunakan yaitu 1) artikel diterbitkan dalam rentang waktu 10 tahun terakhir yaitu 2013-2022; 2) subjek penelitian pada literatur berjenis kelamin perempuan yang sedang atau pernah mengalami kekerasan dalam pacaran; 3) subjek penelitian tergolong remaja awal hingga dewasa awal berusia 10-25 tahun; 4) membahas mengenai bentuk kekerasan dalam pacaran, alasan bertahan atau alasan mengakhiri hubungan dengan kekerasan di dalam satu artikel. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa terdapat beberapa bentuk kekerasan yang dialami perempuan saat berpacaran, yaitu bentuk fisik, psikis, ekonomi, dan seksual. Perempuan yang telah mengalami kekerasan memilih untuk bertahan karena alasan cinta, rendahnya self-esteem, kurangnya dukungan dari lingkungan sekitar, dan kurangnya pengetahuin terkait bentuk kekerasan. Perempuan yang memilih untuk keluar dari hubungan dengan kekerasan dikarenakan perasaan tertekan, tingginya self-esteem, usia di bawah umur, dan terdapat dukungan dari lingkungan.