bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a moderate exercise regimen on development and puberty attainment of beef heifers reared in drylots at a high stocking density
Authors: Harvey Kelsey M , Cooke Reinaldo F , Pickett Autumn T , Cordero Juan , Drewery Mason E , Rahmel Logan W , Daigle Courtney L , Martins Thiago , Mackey Shea J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This experiment evaluated growth, physiological responses, and puberty attainment in beef heifers reared in drylots with a high stocking density, and provided or not with a moderate exercise regimen. A total of 180 heifers (75% Angus × 25% Brahman) were used in this experiment replicated over 2 yr. Each year, 90 heifers were ranked by age (264 ± 1 d) and body weight (BW on day −3; 200 ± 2 kg) on day 0, and assigned to a) one of six drylot pens (10 × 14 m pens; 10 heifers per pen) with a stocking density of 14 m2/heifer (DENS), or b) one of three pastures (2-ha pastures; 10 heifers per pasture) with a stocking density of 2,000 m2/heifer (CON). Beginning on day 15, three DENS pens were given access to an exercise area (DENS-EX) 3 times/wk (1 h). Negligible forage was available for CON, whereas heifers from all treatments received the same limit-fed diet (~13 kg/heifer daily). Shrunk BW was recorded after 16 h of feed and water withdrawal on days −3 and 225 to calculate BW gain. Temperament was evaluated on days 0, 128, and 224. Heifers were fitted with a pedometer behind their shoulder on day 0 to record physical activity. Pedometer results and blood samples were collected weekly for progesterone analysis. Hair samples from the tail switch were collected every 28 d. Data were analyzed with pen or pasture as an experimental unit, via ANOVA using the MIXED or GLIMMIX procedures of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Heifers from CON had more (P &lt; 0.01) steps per week compared with DENS and DENS-EX (23,973, 6,706, and 12,354 steps/wk, respectively; SEM = 1,247), and DENS-EX heifers had more (P &lt; 0.01) steps per week compared with DENS. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.91) were detected for heifer BW gain (~0.820 kg/d). Hair cortisol concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in DENS and DENS-EX compared with CON beginning on day 56. Exit velocity and temperament score were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in DENS compared with DENS-EX and CON on day 224. Puberty attainment was delayed (treatment × day; P &lt; 0.01) in DENS compared with DENS-EX and CON. A greater (P ≤ 0.05) proportion of CON were pubertal by day 105 compared with DENS and DENS-EX (30.0%, 11.6%, and 15.0%, respectively; SEM = 6.5), while a greater (P &lt; 0.05) proportion of CON and DENS-EX were pubertal by day 154 compared to DENS (61.7%, 66.7%, and 43.3%, respectively; SEM = 6.5). Rearing replacement heifers in drylots with high stocking density has detrimental effects on their puberty attainment, and the moderate exercise regimen partially alleviated this negative outcome.
Daphnetin protects neurons in an Alzheimer disease mouse model and normal rat neurons by inhibiting BACE1 activity and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ma Wen , Liu Huanyi , Liu Yuanchu , Zhang Yaling , He Sitong , Ding Xiaoli , Li Baolin , Yan Yaping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The common neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by memory dysfunction and cognitive decline in the elderly. Neuropathological features include aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in the brain. Daphnetin (DAPH), a natural coumarin derivative, has the potential for inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative responses. We explored neuroprotective roles of DAPH treatment in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse AD model. DAPH ameliorated spatial learning disabilities in Morris water maze tests and reduced Aβ deposition, assessed by immunohistochemistry. It also reduced the Aβ content in supernatants of neurons from fetal APP/PS1 mice, assessed by cell-based soluble ELISA. Molecular docking and fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay results suggested that DAPH could directly inhibit BACE1 activity. Furthermore, in vitro experiments utilizing isolated rat neurons assessing RNA expression profiling, immunofluorescence, TUNEL assay, and Western-blot analysis, suggested the potential of DAPH for regulating BDNF and GM-CSF expression and mitigating Aβ1-42-induced cortical injury, synaptic loss, and apoptosis. HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression were also increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results underscore the potential of DAPH as a neuroprotective agent in reversing memory deficits associated with AD and bolster its candidacy as a multitarget natural small-molecule drug for AD patients.
Formation mechanisms of intra-organizational membership overlap: a longitudinal network analysis of membership data from the International Communication Association
Authors: Xu Yu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Social entities are linked and interdependent through shared members, a phenomenon described as niche overlap. Using archival data on yearly affiliations of International Communication Association (ICA) members with divisions and interest groups over a 9-year period, this study conducts a longitudinal network analysis to examine the formation mechanisms of intra-organizational niche overlap among organizational subunits. The results of the temporal exponential random graph model suggest the absence of dominant ICA subunits whose topic areas are broad enough to integrate different specializations through membership overlap. Triadic closure facilitates the sharing of members among three subunits, leading to a cohesive internal structure and limited brokerage opportunities. Subunits with smaller membership sizes are more likely to have membership overlap, particularly with larger subunits. Positive affinity relations between subunits, characterized by the sharing of scarce resources within the organization, contribute to the formation of membership overlap.
Measurements of 131I activity in thyroid of workers at the place of radioiodine therapy in 38 hospitals in China
Authors: Li Xiao-Liang , Zhang Jian-Feng , Wang Shuo , Liu Jian-Xiang , Tuo Fei , Sun Quan-Fu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To investigate the levels of 131I activity in thyroid of workers at the place of radioiodine therapy and their main influential factors in China, 341 workers at 38 hospitals performing radioiodine therapy procedure in five provinces were recruited to be measured in 2021. A hand-held gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) probe was plastered to the thyroids and thighs of the subjects during the measurement, and each measurement time was 120 s. The internal exposure dose was calculated, and the committed effective dose was estimated. In 86 (25.22%) of the 341 examined workers, 131I thyroid activity was above minimum detectable activity (MDA, 26.6 Bq). The maximum activity was 4.9 × 103 Bq. The detection results above MDA were at 22 (57.89%) different hospitals. The detectable rate for private hospitals (4.8%) was significantly lower than that for public hospitals (26.6%), P &lt; 0.05. The detectable rate for hospitals in provincial capital cities (15.4%) was significantly lower than in nonprovincial capital cities (41.7%), P &lt; 0.001. The detectable rate for hospitals engaged in 131I therapy for thyroid cancer (31.2%) was significantly higher than only for hyperthyroidism (10.3%), P &lt; 0.001. A total of 32 subjects’ committed effective dose might exceed 1 mSv. Results indicated the 131I activity in the thyroid of workers at the place of radioiodine varied considerably in China, and mainly related to ownership, location and therapy program of the hospitals.
Private sponsorship prefigured: Religious groups and Canada’s Cold War refugee policy
Authors: Cameron Geoffrey 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Canada’s policy of private refugee sponsorship has attracted growing international attention as a complementary pathway to refugee protection, which other countries have sought to replicate. The development of the policy is often connected to the 1976 Immigration Act and subsequent government-led initiatives to engage civil society groups in refugee resettlement. This article argues that the origins of private sponsorship can be traced to the period after World War Two, as a government response to interest group pressure from religious groups. By centring the role of interest groups in the early development of private sponsorship, this article nuances state-centred institutionalist accounts that stress the influence of bureaucrats on immigration policymaking.
Inverse set estimation and inversion of simultaneous confidence intervals
Authors: Ren Junting , Telschow Fabian J E , Schwartzman Armin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the questions of risk assessment in climatology (temperature change in North America) and medicine (impact of statin usage and coronavirus disease 2019 on hospitalized patients), we address the problem of estimating the set in the domain of a function whose image equals a predefined subset of the real line. Existing methods require strict assumptions. We generalize the estimation of such sets to dense and nondense domains with protection against inflated Type I error in exploratory data analysis. This is achieved by proving that confidence sets of multiple upper, lower, or interval sets can be simultaneously constructed with the desired confidence nonasymptotically through inverting simultaneous confidence intervals. Nonparametric bootstrap algorithm and code are provided.
A relaxation of European derivatives clearing legislation as a consequence of the 2021–2023 energy crisis
Authors: Priem Randy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the update of the European Market Infrastructures Regulation as a consequence of the 2021–2023 energy crisis. This article explains European law decisions being made to ensure the continued functioning of European derivatives markets. The article focuses on the modification of the margin requirements of central counterparties (ie the decision to accept unsecured commercial bank guarantees, emission allowances, and/or debt issued by public entities as collateral). A relaxation of the stringent collateral requirements could on the one hand ensure energy firms’ continuation to central clearing, but on the other hand lead to negative macroprudential spillover effects. Although central counterparties are most useful in stressed market circumstances and then have to be sufficiently sound, the European Commission still opted for a temporary relaxation, and this article details all the pros and cons that were taken into account in this final decision.
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells as a Versatile Cellular Model System in Diverse Experimental Paradigms: An Ultrastructural Perspective
Authors: Duranova Hana , Kuzelova Lenka , Borotova Petra , Simora Veronika , Fialkova Veronika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are primary cells isolated from the vein of an umbilical cord, extensively used in cardiovascular studies and medical research. These cells, retaining the characteristics of endothelial cells in vivo, serve as a valuable cellular model system for understanding vascular biology, endothelial dysfunction, pathophysiology of diseases such as atherosclerosis, and responses to different drugs or treatments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been a cornerstone in revealing the detailed architecture of multiple cellular model systems including HUVECs, allowing researchers to visualize subcellular organelles, membrane structures, and cytoskeletal elements. Among them, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and nucleus can be meticulously examined to recognize alterations indicative of cellular responses to various stimuli. Importantly, Weibel–Palade bodies are characteristic secretory organelles found in HUVECs, which can be easily distinguished in the TEM. These distinctive structures also dynamically react to different factors through regulated exocytosis, resulting in complete or selective release of their contents. This detailed review summarizes the ultrastructural features of HUVECs and highlights the utility of TEM as a pivotal tool for analyzing HUVECs in diverse research frameworks, contributing valuable insights into the comprehension of HUVEC behavior and enriching our knowledge into the complexity of vascular biology.
Leptomeningeal metastases in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastomas revisited: Comprehensive analysis of incidence, risk factors, and prognosis based on post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
Authors: Park Yae Won , Jang Geon , Kim Si Been , Choi Kaeum , Han Kyunghwa , Shin Na-Young , Ahn Sung Soo , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Se Hoon , Lee Seung-Koo , Jain Rajan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The incidence of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) has been reported diversely. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of LM in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma.

Methods
A total of 828 patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma were enrolled between 2005 and 2022. Baseline preoperative MRI including post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) was used for LM diagnosis. Qualitative and quantitative features, including distance between tumor and subventricular zone (SVZ) and tumor volume by automatic segmentation of the lateral ventricles and tumor, were assessed. Logistic analysis of LM development was performed using clinical, molecular, and imaging data. Survival analysis was performed.

Results
The incidence of LM was 11.4%. MGMTp unmethylation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, P = .014), shorter distance between tumor and SVZ (OR = 0.94, P = .010), and larger contrast-enhancing tumor volume (OR = 1.02, P &lt; .001) were significantly associated with LM. The overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with LM than in those without (log-rank test; P &lt; .001), with median OS of 12.2 and 18.5 months, respectively. The presence of LM remained an independent prognostic factor for OS in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (hazard ratio = 1.42, P = .011), along with other clinical, molecular, imaging, and surgical prognostic factors.

Conclusions
The incidence of LM is high in patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, and aggressive molecular and imaging factors are correlated with LM development. The prognostic significance of LM based on post-contrast FLAIR imaging suggests the acknowledgment of post-contrast FLAIR as a reliable diagnostic tool for clinicians.
Recognizing and responding to children with suspected exposure to intimate partner violence between caregivers
Authors: Kimber Melissa , McTavish Jill , Shouldice Michelle , Ward Michelle G K , MacMillan Harriet L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) between parents and other caregivers accounts for nearly half of all cases investigated and substantiated by child welfare authorities in Canada. The emotional, physical, and behavioural impairments associated with CEIPV are similar to effects of other forms of child maltreatment. The identification of children and youth who have been exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) can be challenging due to the non-specific behaviours sometimes associated with such exposure, and the stigma and secrecy that often characterize IPV. Also, responding safely to children and youth with suspected CEIPV can be complicated by the need to consider the safety and well-being of a non-offending caregiver. This position statement presents an evidence-informed approach developed by the Violence, Evidence, Guidance, Action (VEGA) Project for the safe recognition and response to children and youth who are suspected of being exposed to IPV.
The plant rhabdovirus viroporin P9 facilitates insect-mediated virus transmission in barley
Authors: Gao Qiang , Zang Ying , Qiao Ji-Hui , Zhang Zong-Ying , Wang Ying , Han Cheng-Gui , Wang Xian-Bing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Potassium (K+) plays crucial roles in both plant development and immunity. However, the function of K+ in plant–virus interactions remains largely unknown. Here, we utilized Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), an insect-transmitted plant cytorhabdovirus, to investigate the interplay between viral infection and plant K+ homeostasis. The BYSMV accessory P9 protein exhibits viroporin activity by enhancing membrane permeability in Escherichia coli. Additionally, P9 increases K+ uptake in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, which is disrupted by a point mutation of glycine 14 to threonine (P9G14T). Furthermore, BYSMV P9 forms oligomers and targets to both the viral envelope and the plant membrane. Based on the recombinant BYSMV–GFP (BYGFP) virus, a P9-deleted mutant (BYGFPΔP9) was rescued and demonstrated infectivity within individual plant cells of Nicotiana benthamiana and insect vectors. However, BYGFPΔP9 failed to infect barley plants after transmission by insect vectors. Furthermore, infection of barley plants was severely impaired for BYGFP-P9G14T lacking P9 K+ channel activity. In vitro assays demonstrate that K+ facilitates virion disassembly and the release of genome RNA for viral mRNA transcription. Altogether, our results show that the K+ channel activity of viroporins is conserved in plant cytorhabdoviruses and plays crucial roles in insect-mediated virus transmission.
The brassinosteroid receptor StBRI1 promotes tuber development by enhancing plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in potato
Authors: Deng Rui , Huang Shuhua , Du Jia , Luo Dan , Liu Jianwei , Zhao Yan , Zheng Chongyang , Lei Tiantian , Li Qi , Zhang Siwei , Jiang Meng , Jin Tong , Liu Dehai , Wang Shufen , Zhang Yanfeng , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) plays a critical role in plant growth and development. Although much is known about how BR signaling regulates growth and development in many crop species, the role of StBRI1 in regulating potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber development is not well understood. To address this question, a series of comprehensive genetic and biochemical methods were applied in this investigation. It was determined that StBRI1 and Solanum tuberosum PLASMA MEMBRANE (PM) PROTON ATPASE2 (PHA2), a PM-localized proton ATPase, play important roles in potato tuber development. The individual overexpression of StBRI1 and PHA2 led to a 22% and 25% increase in tuber yield per plant, respectively. Consistent with the genetic evidence, in vivo interaction analysis using double transgenic lines and PM H+-ATPase activity assays indicated that StBRI1 interacts with the C-terminus of PHA2, which restrains the intramolecular interaction of the PHA2 C-terminus with the PHA2 central loop to attenuate autoinhibition of PM H+-ATPase activity, resulting in increased PHA2 activity. Furthermore, the extent of PM H+-ATPase autoinhibition involving phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms corresponds to phosphorylation of the penultimate Thr residue (Thr-951) in PHA2. These results suggest that StBRI1 phosphorylates PHA2 and enhances its activity, which subsequently promotes tuber development. Altogether, our results uncover a BR–StBRI1–PHA2 module that regulates tuber development and suggest a prospective strategy for improving tuberous crop growth and increasing yield via the cell surface-based BR signaling pathway.
A network comprising ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, microRNA397b, and auxin-associated factors regulates root hair growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gaddam Subhash Reddy , Sharma Ashish , Bhatia Chitra , Trivedi Prabodh Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) is a major light-associated transcription factor involved in plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the role of HY5 is very well defined in regulating primary root growth and lateral root formation; however, information regarding its role in root hair development is still lacking, and little is known about the genetic pathways regulating this process. In this study, we investigated the role of HY5 and its associated components in root hair development. Detailed analysis of root hair phenotype in wild-type and light signaling mutants under light and dark conditions revealed the importance of light-dependent HY5-mediated root hair initiation. Altered auxin levels in the root apex of the hy5 mutant and interaction of HY5 with promoters of root hair developmental genes were responsible for differential expression of root hair developmental genes and phenotype in the hy5 mutant. The partial complementation of root hair in the hy5 mutant after external supplementation of auxin and regaining of root hair in PIN-FORMED 2 and PIN-FORMED 2 mutants after grafting suggested that the auxin-mediated root hair development pathway requires HY5. Furthermore, miR397b overexpression (miR397bOX) and CRISPR/Cas9-based mutants (miR397bCR) indicated miR397b targets genes encoding reduced residual arabinose (RRA1/RRA2), which in turn regulate root hair growth. The regulation of the miR397b-(RRA1/RRA2) module by HY5 demonstrated its indirect role by targeting root hair cell wall genes. Together, this study demonstrated that HY5 controls root hair development by integrating auxin signaling and other miRNA-mediated pathways.
Fake knowledge-How
Authors: Carter J Adam , Navarro Jesús 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Knowledge, like other things of value, can be faked. According to Hawley (2011), know-how is harder to fake than knowledge-that, given that merely apparent propositional knowledge is in general more resilient to our attempts at successful detection than are corresponding attempts to fake know-how. While Hawley's reasoning for a kind of detection resilience asymmetry between know-how and know-that looks initially plausible, it should ultimately be resisted. In showing why, we outline different ways in which know-how can be faked even when a given performance is successful, and in doing so, we distinguish how know-how can be faked (no less than know-that) via upstream and downstream indicators of its presence, and within each of these categories, we'll distinguish (in connection with detection resilience) both faking symptoms and (various kinds of) criteria. The unappreciated resilience of faked knowledge-how to successful detection highlights a largely overlooked dimension of social-epistemic risk––risk we face not just in our capacity as recipients of testimony, but in our capacity as both (would-be) apprentices and clients of knowledge-how.
Motivated Skepticism
Authors: Hagenbach Jeanne , Saucet Charlotte 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We experimentally study how individuals read strategically transmitted information when they have preferences over what they will learn. Subjects play disclosure games in which Receivers should interpret messages skeptically. We vary whether the state that Senders communicate about is ego-relevant or neutral for Receivers, and whether skeptical beliefs are aligned or not with what Receivers prefer believing. Compared to neutral settings, skepticism is significantly lower when it is self-threatening, and not enhanced when it is self-serving. These results shed light on a new channel that individuals can use to protect their beliefs in communication situations: they exercise skepticism in a motivated way, that is, in a way that depends on the desirability of the conclusions that skeptical inferences lead to. We propose two behavioural models that can generate motivated skepticism. In one model, the Receiver freely manipulates his beliefs after having made skeptical inferences. In the other, the Receiver reasons about evidence in steps and the depth of his reasoning is motivated.