bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach for peri‐operative analgesia of cleft palate repair in infants: the bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block
Authors: MESNIL MALCIE , DADURE CHRISTOPHE , CAPTIER GUILLAUME , RAUX OLIVIER , ROCHETTE ALAIN , CANAUD NANCY , SAUTER MAGALI , CAPDEVILA XAVIER 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground:  Congenital cleft palate (CP) is a common and painful surgical procedure in infants. CP repair is associated with the risk of postoperative airway obstruction, which may be increased with administration of opioids, often needed for analgesia. No described regional anesthesia technique can provide adequate pain control following CP repair in infants. The primary aim of this prospective and descriptive study was to observe the effectiveness of bilateral maxillary nerve blocks (BMB) using a suprazygomatic approach on pain relief and consumption of rescue analgesics following CP repair in infants. Analgesic consumption was compared to retrospective data. Complications related to this new technique in infants were also reviewed.Methods:  The landmarks and measurements recently defined in a three‐dimensional study using computed tomography in infants were used. After general anesthesia, a BMB was performed bilaterally with 0.15 ml·kg−1 0.2% ropivacaine in infants scheduled for CP repair. Postoperative analgesia, administration of rescue analgesics, adverse effects, and time to feed were recorded in the 48‐h period following surgery and compared to retrospective data.Results:  Thirty‐three children, mean age 5 ± 1.8 months and weight 8.3 ± 1.2 kg, were studied. Eighteen patients out of 33 (55%) did not require additional opioids intra‐operatively, vs two out of 20 (10%) without block. None needed morphine postoperatively, and intravenous nalbuphine was required in only six children (18%), vs 16 (80%) without block. Median time to feed was 8 h (range 2–24 h), vs 13 h (4–25) without block. No technical failure or complication related to the BMB was reported.Conclusion:  BMB using a suprazygomatic approach seems to improve pain relief, to decrease peri‐operative consumption of opioids, and to favor early feeding resumption after CP repair in infants.
Interventions to promote healthy eating habits: evaluation and recommendations
Authors: Traill W. B. , Shankar B. , Brambila‐Macias J. , Bech‐Larsen T. , Aschemann‐Witzel J. , Strand M. , Mazzocchi M. , Capacci S. , Verbeke W. , Perez‐Cueto F. J. A. , D'Addesa D. , Saba A. , Turrini A. , Niedźwiedzka B. , Kozioł‐Kozakowska A. , Kijowska V. , Piórecka B. , Infantes M. , Wills J. , Smillie L. , Chalot F. , Lyle D. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryAlthough in several EU Member States many public interventions have been running for the prevention and/or management of obesity and other nutrition‐related health conditions, few have yet been formally evaluated. The multidisciplinary team of the EATWELL project will gather benchmark data on healthy eating interventions in EU Member States and review existing information on the effectiveness of interventions using a three‐stage procedure (i) Assessment of the intervention's impact on consumer attitudes, consumer behaviour and diets; (ii) The impact of the change in diets on obesity and health and (iii) The value attached by society to these changes, measured in life years gained, cost savings and quality‐adjusted life years. Where evaluations have been inadequate, EATWELL will gather secondary data and analyse them with a multidisciplinary approach incorporating models from the psychology and economics disciplines. Particular attention will be paid to lessons that can be learned from private sector that are transferable to the healthy eating campaigns in the public sector. Through consumer surveys and workshops with other stakeholders, EATWELL will assess the acceptability of the range of potential interventions. Armed with scientific quantitative evaluations of policy interventions and their acceptability to stakeholders, EATWELL expects to recommend more appropriate interventions for Member States and the EU, providing a one‐stop guide to methods and measures in interventions evaluation, and outline data collection priorities for the future.
THE HEFNERIAN LEGACY: RETHINKING THE “NATURE” OF NATURALISM
Authors: Haag James W. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract.Philip Hefner calls for religion‐and‐science to shift attention from pure ideas to embodied ideas. He urges scholars to get back to the Baconian idea that science is intended to enhance life; in Hefner's wording, we must give attention to “science‐as‐enabler‐for‐changing/improving‐the‐world.” I believe that this is the realm of overlap between all academic disciplines—what I call thepragmatic overlap.To make his argument Hefner mentions two forms of “conventional wisdom” that need to be rethought. First, he is worried that a “pressure toward naturalism” prevents certain words (such asteleologicalandtranscendence) from having instructive meaning. Second, with this move toward naturalism Hefner believes we dismiss as archaic all valuable implications of traditional religious myths and symbols. He rightly highlights these exceedingly significant concerns. However, narrowing our focus to the implications of naturalism alone misses the root crisis. That crisis can be articulated as:“conventional wisdom” regarding nature is too unsophisticated to account for the phenomenon it depicts, and furthermore, this understanding of nature controls the methodological, metaphysical, and practical versions of naturalism acquiring societal acceptance.Accordingly, an alternative vision of nature is needed to transform our current “conventional wisdom” such that Hefner's worries are addressed.
Positive interactions between vulnerable species in agrarian pseudo‐steppes: habitat use by pin‐tailed sandgrouse depends on its association with the little bustard
Authors: Martín C. A. , Casas F. , Mougeot F. , García J. T. , Viñuela J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPositive interactions between species can have important conservation implications, especially when the species associating are both vulnerable. We studied the habitat use of pin‐tailed sandgrouses Pterocles alchata and their association with another vulnerable species, the little bustard Tetrax tetrax in agrarian pseudo‐steppes of central Spain using radio‐tracking. The occurrence of mixed‐species flocks varied seasonally, being more frequent in winter (65% of pin‐tailed sandgrouse flocks). In this season, pin‐tailed sandgrouses preferred stubble fields and fallows. Moreover, we found that habitat selection of pin‐tailed sandgrouse depended on the association with little bustards in mixed‐species flocks. When in mixed‐species groups, sandgrouses changed their agrarian substrate preferences, and used stubble fields significantly more often than when in sandgrouse‐only flocks. We also provide evidence that pin‐tailed sandgrouse benefited from the anti‐predator vigilance of little bustards, allowing sandgrouse to exploit new feeding grounds (stubble fields) that would otherwise be too risky to exploit. Our results indicate a close positive association between these two species, which are both declining in Europe, and we discuss implications for their management and conservation. We also recommend taking into account inter‐specific positive interactions when designing conservation strategies for threatened species.
Do agility and skull architecture influence the geometry of the mammalian vestibulo‐ocular reflex?
Authors: Jeffery Nathan , Cox Philip G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe spatial arrangement of the semicircular canals and extraocular muscles of the eye has been of considerable interest, particularly to researchers working on adaptations of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex. Here we offer the first, extensive comparative analysis of the spatial relationships between each extraocular muscle and the canal providing its primary excitatory stimulus. The sample consisted of 113 specimens, representing 51 extant mammalian species. Hypotheses tested included that variations in the spatial alignments are linked with differences of skull morphology and with differences of agility during locomotion. Internal morphologies were visualized with magnetic resonance imaging and were measured with landmark‐based vectors and planes. Values for body mass and agility were taken from the existing literature. Data were investigated for trends and associations with standard bivariate and multivariate statistical methods as well as with phylogenetically adjusted bivariate methods. The findings clearly show that species differences in the alignment of each extraocular muscle relative to the canal providing its primary excitatory stimulus are closely associated with changes of orbit morphology. The results also indicate that the actions of the oblique muscles interchange with those of the superior and inferior recti muscles when comparing lateral‐eyed (rabbit) with frontal‐eyed species (cat). There was only weak evidence to support the notion that canal–muscle alignments differ significantly among species according to how agile they are. The results suggest that semicircular canal morphology is arranged primarily for detecting head movements and then secondarily, if at all, for diminishing the burden of transforming vestibulo‐ocular reflex signals in the most agile species.
The Behavioural Wedge
Authors: Gilligan Jonathan , Dietz Thomas , Gardner Gerald T. , Stern Paul C. , Vandenbergh Michael P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWhen nations fail to agree, can individual citizens make a difference? The third of our post-Copenhagen features is by Jonathan Gilligan, Thomas Dietz, Gerald T. Gardner, Paul C. Stern, and Michael P. Vandenbergh. They look at the effects that voluntary actions by individuals can have, and at the policies that can best encourage such actions.
The black hole in NGC 1313 X-2: constraints on the mass from optical observations
Authors: Patruno Alessandro , Zampieri Luca 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We present a theoretical study on the nature of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 1313 X-2. We evolved a set of binaries with high-mass donor stars orbiting a 20 M⊙ or a 50–100 M⊙ black hole (BH). Using constraints from optical observations, we restricted the candidate binary system for NGC 1313 X-2 to be either a 50–100 M⊙ BH accreting from a 12–15 M⊙ main-sequence star or a ∼20 M⊙ BH with a 12–15 M⊙ giant donor. If the modulation of 6.12 ± 0.16 d recently identified as the orbital period of the system is confirmed, a ∼20 M⊙ BH model becomes unlikely and we are left with the only possibility that the compact accretor in NGC 1313 X-2 is a massive BH of ∼50–100 M⊙.
STUDY ON PRESTABILIZATION OF PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA) BY OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION IN QUATERNARY COMPLEX SOLUTION
Authors: DEROSSI A. , DE PILLI T. , GIULIANI R. , ORLANDO I. , PALMIERI L. , SEVERINI C. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT Pumpkin is a very appreciated vegetable for both unique sensory characteristics and significant content of substances with healthy effects. Very few “pumpkin‐processed foods” with adequate shelf life are available on the market because of poor knowledge relative to its behavior during industrial processes. The possibility to reduce water activity (Aw) and pH of pumpkin samples by osmotic treatment in complex (quaternary) solution was studied by response‐surface methodology (RSM). The reduction of pH and Aw until values recognized as safe for spore germination of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens was respectively obtained without significant color degradation. Moreover, the modulation of the independent variables, carried out by using the best‐fit equation, was aimed at prestabilizing pumpkin creams.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe poor knowledge concerning the behavior of pumpkins during industrial processing reduces their uses to produce a variety of “pumpkin food” with adequate shelf life. In this article, the possibility of applying an osmotic treatment in a complex (quaternary) solution in order to simultaneously obtain a reduction in water activity (Aw) and pH was presented. In addition, the utilization of model equation allows the simulation of osmotic dehydration, giving information on the process conditions usable to reach Aw and pH values recognized as risk threshold for spore germination of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens.
Cross‐amplification of microsatellites from the codling moth Cydia pomonella to three other species of the tribe Grapholitini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: CHEN M. H. , DORN S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study examined cross‐species amplification of 33 microsatellite markers, previously developed for Cydia pomonella, in three related fruit moth species of the same tribe (Grapholitini), namely Grapholita molesta, Grapholita funebrana and Grapholita lobarzewskii. Eight microsatellite loci yielded polymorphic products for G. molesta, nine for G. funebrana and 11 for G. lobarzewskii. At all these loci, the number of alleles ranged between four and 11 in G. molesta, and between four and nine in G. funebrana and G. lobarzewskii each. The successful cross‐amplified loci can be used for research on population genetics and gene flow of the three target species.
A Primer on Child Abuse and Neglect Law
Authors: Ramsey Sarah H. , Abrams Douglas E. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis article surveys major aspects of child abuse and neglect law encountered by judges, lawyers, child advocates, and child care professionals. The authors, whose casebook, Children and the Law: Doctrine, Policy and Practice (West 4th ed. forthcoming 2010), is required reading in nearly seventy law schools, analyze both statutory and case law.
Globally disseminated human pathogenic Escherichia coli of O25b‐ST131 clone, harbouring blaCTX‐M‐15, found in Glaucous‐winged gull at remote Commander Islands, Russia
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Bonnedahl Jonas , Eliasson Ingvar , Wallensten Anders , Comstedt Pär , Johansson Anders , Granholm Susanne , Melhus Åsa , Olsen Björn , Drobni Mirva 
Published: February 2010

SummaryWith focus on environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance among clinically relevant bacteria, such as the rising ESBL type of resistance among Escherichia coli, we investigated antibiotic resistance levels in wild birds in the Commander Islands and Kamchatka, Russia. Despite overall low resistance levels in randomly selected E. coli (one from each sample), we found multi‐resistant ESBL‐producing E. coli harbouring blaCTX‐M‐14 and blaCTX‐M‐15 using selective screening. Among these multi‐resistant ESBL‐producing E. coli we found one blaCTX‐M‐15 harbouring strain belonging to the O25b‐ST131 clone, recognized for its clonal disseminated worldwide as a human pathogen. The potential in acquiring resistant bacteria of human origin, especially highly pathogenic clones, as well as downstream consequences of that, should not be underestimated but further investigated.
On semi-infinite cohomology of finite-dimensional graded algebras
Authors: Bezrukavnikov Roman , Positselski Leonid 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe describe a general setting for the definition of semi-infinite cohomology of finite-dimensional graded algebras, and provide an interpretation of such cohomology in terms of derived categories. We apply this interpretation to compute semi-infinite cohomology of some modules over the small quantum group at a root of unity, generalizing an earlier result of Arkhipov (posed as a conjecture by B. Feigin).
CCR7 Deficiency Leads to Leukocyte Activation and Increased Clearance in Response to Pulmonary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Infection
Authors: Eppert Bryan L. , Motz Gregory T. , Wortham Brian W. , Flury Jennifer L. , Borchers Michael T. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

CCR7 is a chemokine receptor expressed on the surfaces of T cells, B cells, and mature dendritic cells that controls cell migration in response to the cognate ligands CCL19 and CCL21. CCR7 is critical for the generation of an adaptive T cell response. However, the roles of CCR7 in the host defense against pulmonary infection and innate immunity are not well understood. We investigated the role of CCR7 in the host defense against acute pulmonary infection with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. We intranasally infected C57BL/6 mice with
P. aeruginosa
and characterized the expression of CCR7 ligands and the surface expression of CCR7 on pulmonary leukocytes. In response to infection, expression of CCL19 and expression of CCL21 were oppositely regulated, and myeloid dendritic cells upregulated CCR7 expression. We further examined the effects of CCR7 deficiency on the inflammatory response to
P. aeruginosa
infection. We infected
Ccr7
−/−
and wild-type mice with
P. aeruginosa
and characterized the accumulation of pulmonary leukocytes, production of proinflammatory mediators, neutrophil activation, and bacterial clearance. CCR7 deficiency led to an accumulation of myeloid dendritic cells and T cells in the lung in response to infection. CCR7 deficiency resulted in higher expression of CD80 and CD86 on dendritic cells; increased production of interleukin-12/23p40 (IL-12/23p40), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and IL-1α; increased neutrophil respiratory burst; and, ultimately, increased clearance of acute
P. aeruginosa
infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that CCR7 deficiency results in a heightened proinflammatory environment in response to acute pulmonary
P. aeruginosa
infection and contributes to more efficient clearance.
TheRickettsia conoriiAutotransporter Protein Sca1 Promotes Adherence to Nonphagocytic Mammalian Cells
Authors: Riley Sean P. , Goh Kenneth C. , Hermanas Timothy M. , Cardwell Marissa M. , Chan Yvonne G. Y. , Martinez Juan J. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe pathogenesis of spotted fever group (SFG)Rickettsiaspecies, includingR. conoriiandR. rickettsii, is acutely dependent on adherence to and invasion of host cells, including cells of the mammalian endothelial system. Bioinformatic analyses of several rickettsia genomes revealed the presence of a cohort of genes designatedscagenes that are predicted to encode proteins with homology to autotransporter proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. Previous work demonstrated that three members of this family, rOmpA (Sca0), Sca2, and rOmpB (Sca5) are involved in the interaction with mammalian cells; however, very little was known about the function of other conserved rickettsial Sca proteins. Here we demonstrate thatsca1, a gene present in nearly all SFG rickettsia genomes, is actively transcribed and expressed inR. conoriicells. Alignment of Sca1 sequences from geographically diverse SFGRickettsiaspecies showed that there are high degrees of sequence identity and conservation of these sequences, suggesting that Sca1 may have a conserved function. Using a heterologous expression system, we demonstrated that production ofR. conoriiSca1 in theEscherichia coliouter membrane is sufficient to mediate attachment to but not invasion of a panel of cultured mammalian epithelial and endothelial cells. Furthermore, preincubation of a recombinant Sca1 peptide with host cells blockedR. conoriicell association. Together, these results demonstrate that attachment to mammalian cells can be uncoupled from the entry process and that Sca1 is involved in the adherence ofR. conoriito host cells.
Characterization of a Novel Murine Model of
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Urinary Tract Infection Reveals Roles for Ssp and SdrI in Virulence
Authors: Kline Kimberly A. , Ingersoll Molly A. , Nielsen Hailyn V. , Sakinc Türkan , Henriques-Normark Birgitta , Gatermann Sören , Caparon Michael G. , Hultgren Scott J. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
, an obligate human pathogen, is the most common Gram-positive causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young, healthy women. Despite the clinical importance of
S. saprophyticus
, little is known about how it causes disease in the urinary tract or how the host responds to the infection. Here we established an
in vivo
model to study both host and bacterial factors contributing to
S. saprophyticus
UTI. Using this model, we show that
S. saprophyticus
preferentially infects C3H/HeN murine kidneys instead of the bladder, a trait observed for multiple clinical isolates. Bacterial persistence in the kidneys was observed in C3H/HeN mice but not in C57BL/6 mice, indicating that host factors strongly contribute to the ability of
S. saprophyticus
to cause UTI. Using C3H/HeN mice as a model, histologic and immunofluorescence analyses of infected tissues revealed that
S. saprophyticus
induced epithelial cell shedding in the bladder and an inflammatory response characterized by macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the bladder and kidneys. The inflammatory response correlated with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in both the bladder and the kidneys. Finally, we observed that the putative
S. saprophyticus
virulence factors Ssp and SdrI were important for persistence, but not for initial colonization, in the murine urinary tract. Thus, we characterized both host and bacterial factors involved in progression of
S. saprophyticus
UTI, and we describe a useful model system for studying factors involved in the pathogenesis of this Gram-positive uropathogen.
Recent increases in fatal and non-fatal injury among people aged 65 years and over in the USA
Authors: Hu Guoqing , Baker Susan P 
Published: February 2010

ObjectiveTo identify recent increases in mortality and morbidity rates from injuries among Americans aged 65 years and over.DesignA longitudinal analysis of mortality and morbidity data on injuries in the elderly, examining variations in recent trends by cause, sex, race/ethnicity and age group.SettingUSA, mortality rate (2000–6) and morbidity rate (2001–7).Data sourcesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention's web-based injury statistics query and reporting system online database.Main outcome measuresLinear regression was used to examine the statistical significance of trends in mortality and morbidity rates in the study period. The percentage change in rates was used to measure the linear trend. Race/ethnicity was classified into Hispanic (all races except black), non-Hispanic white (‘white’) and black.ResultsInjury mortality for people aged 65 years and over increased by 3% during 2000–6; morbidity increased by 7% during 2001–7. Falls mortality increased by 42% but emergency department visits for falls did not increase. Significant increases in death rates occurred in motorcycle crashes (145%), machinery (46%), poisoning (34%) and drowning (19%); morbidity rates increased in poisoning (143%), motorcycle crashes (86%), machinery (48%), bicycles (24%), struck by/against (13%) and overexertion (11%). Motor vehicle occupant injuries decreased.ConclusionsThe reported rate of fatal falls for people aged 65 years and over increased by 42% during 2000–6 but non-fatal falls did not increase. Research is needed to explain the inconsistent changes between fatal and non-fatal falls, and to identify risk factors contributing to the significant increases in both fatal and non-fatal injuries from machinery, motorcycle crashes and unintentional poisoning.