bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDIDO: A novel low-power approach for domino logic circuits
Authors: Mushtaq Umayia , Akram Md Waseem , Prasad Dinesh , Islam Aminul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Power dissipation in Nanoelectronic circuits at advanced technology nodes is dominated by leakage power dissipation. This is due to an increase in short channel effects in the scaled transistors.The VLSI industry is seeking alternative options to enhance the performance of portable electronic systems by ensuring higher speed and reduced power dissipation. In the ultra-deep submicron (DSM) regime, a new device called the fin-shaped field effect transistor (FinFET) was developed to replace CMOS technology. FinFET, a multi-gate device, significantly reduces power dissipation compared to planer MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor ) transistor, but it doesn’t entirely resolve the issue. To further reduce power dissipation in the ultra DSM regime, low power approaches are required. Domino logic, a widely-used dynamic logic, is commonly utilized in high-speed VLSI architectures. In this research work, a novel INput Dependent Inverter DOmino (INDIDO) logic approach for low-power domino logic circuits using FinFET devices is proposed. A comparative analysis between the proposed INDIDO method and the existing approaches is performed for domino logic circuits for various performance metrics at the 16 nm technology node. In this research, various circuits like domino buffer, domino OR, domino AND, domino XOR and domino half adder are designed using the proposed INDIDO approach.The proposed INDIDO FinFET buffer circuit offers significant improvement in energy efficiency and FOM (Figure of Merit) by 53.18% and 82% respectively as compared to conventional FinFET footed domino buffer circuit. Beside this, proposed circuits like INDIDO OR, INDIDO AND, INDIDO XOR and INDIDO Half adder circuit follow the same trend as INDIDO buffer circuit and show better performance parametres in comparison to the existing low power domino approaches as well. In addition to this, the proposed INDIDO buffer circuits are also analyzed for PVT(process voltage and temperature) variability.This whole analysis makes us to conclude that proposed INDIDO approach reduces power dissipation and delay penalty, have high noise tolerance capacity, more immunity against PVT variations and high energy efficiency in comparison to the already existing techniques.
Computational analysis of a four-flap valveless micropump (FFVM) for low reynolds number applications in microfluidic systems
Authors: Gavali Sachin R , Pawar Dr. Prashant M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Microfluidic systems are crucial in various fields including biological fluid handling and microelectronic cooling. Micropumps play a vital role in microfluidics. Valveless micropumps are the preferred choice in microfluidics because of their ability to minimize the risk of clogging and gently handle biological materials. In this comprehensive Four-Flap Valveless Micropump (FFVM) simulation, the fluid flow and associated deformation in the valveless micropump are analyzed. The oscillatory fluid motion generated by a straightforward reciprocating pumping mechanism is transformed into a unidirectional net flow by the micropump. This pump eliminates the need for intricate actuation mechanisms found in valve-based pumps while offering precise direction control. The input is given in terms of the Reynolds number or inflow velocity. In this study, the Reynolds numbers were changed from 16 to 50, which resulted in a positive correlation with the net flow rates, yielding a maximum net flow rate of 20.81 μl min−1 at a Reynolds number of 50. The influence of the average flow velocity is evident, with a peak net flow rate of 29.16 μl min−1 at 50 cm s−1. The FFVM showcases adaptability by delivering fluid within microfluidic pathways, holding promising applications in precision drug delivery systems.
Investigating the nonlinear optical response of virgin cherry kernel oil and its application to detecting adulteration
Authors: Hassan Amir Namiq , Haddad Mohammad Ali , Golestanifar Moein , Behjat Abbas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The nonlinear optical (NLO) response of materials is the basis for their use in various applications including optical switching, optical data storage, and optical limiting. Additionally, it can be used as an innovative authentication method. In this study, the NLO properties of virgin cherry kernel oil (VCKO) were investigated by observing of spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) diffraction rings using a

532

nm

continuous-wave laser beam. Based on the intensity-dependent number of symmetric diffraction rings, the nonlinear refraction coefficient and thermo-optical coefficient of VCKO were estimated to be

3.81
×

10

−
6

cm

2

/
W

and

5.34
×

10

−
4

K

−
1

,

respectively, for the first time, according to the authors’ knowledge. Furthermore, we employed the SSPM technique for adulteration detection in the VCKO sample by analyzing its NLO properties. To accomplish this, we prepared different adulterated samples by mixing VCKO with cheaper commercial oils, such as virgin sunflower oil (VSFO) and virgin canola oil (VCO) at various concentration ratios. In the mixed VCKO adulterated samples, the measured NLO parameters were highly correlated with the amount of adulteration. The results confirmed the ability of the SSPM technique to determine the degree of adulteration in oil samples by measuring and comparing their NLO properties. In addition, our results indicate that cherry kernel oil can be a viable candidate as a nonlinear medium for optical applications.
Large teleportation of two-qubit state between non-neighboring nodes based on the utilization of multiple cluster states within quantum networks
Authors: El Hadfi Hanane , El Kirdi Meryem , Drissi Lalla Btissam , Ahl Laamara Rachid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The transmission of quantum states over extended distances is constrained by photon losses, ruling out direct amplification akin to classical telecommunications due to the non-cloning theorem. Overcoming this challenge involves implementing quantum repeater protocols that leverage entanglement swapping to create long-distance entanglement from shorter distances. A novel multi-hop quantum teleportation scheme, blending concepts from quantum repeaters and teleportation, is under exploration. It aims to transfer arbitrary two-qubit states between two distant parties, even in the absence of a direct quantum channel. Intermediate nodes, connected via a four-qubit entangled cluster state as quantum channels, are introduced based on a more general routing protocol. Bell measurements are independently conducted by the source node (Alice) and all intermediate nodes, with simultaneous transmission of measurement results, significantly reducing time consumption. Determining the quantum state from Bell measurement results requires only the destination node (Bob) for a simple unitary transformation. Moreover, this protocol holds promise for implementation on the IBM Quantum Experience platform once the requisite quantum circuits are designed. This overview encompasses both the theoretical and simulated status of the proposed scheme, with simulated findings incorporated into quantum state tomography to verify the accuracy of the transmitted quantum state.
A comparative study on ReLU Implementation using TMDFETs
Authors: Hanamashetti Sanket , Vadde Venkatesh , Muralidharan Bhaskaran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we compare the implementation of the rectified linear (ReLU) activation function using transition metal dichalcogenide field-effect transistors (TMDFETs) and metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs). Five TMDs - MoS
2, MoSe
2, MoTe
2, WS
2, WSe
2 along with three variants (low-power, high-performance, and multi-gate) of the MOSFETs are simulated. Three ReLU circuits utilizing these FETs are employed for the comparison. The power consumption, speed, and accuracy of the ReLU implementation are measured and compared for each circuit and each FET. Our simulation results show that the MOSFETs consume much less power than the TMDFETs and deliver more accurate ReLU functionality. However, the TMDFETs are much faster than the MOSFETs. Among the TMDFETs, the WS
2 FET stands out, as it has higher accuracy, consumes the least power and its power consumption is comparable to the MOSFETs. Additionally, WS
2 is faster compared to MOSFETs, resulting in a trade-off between power efficiency and speed. This makes WS
2 an attractive option for implementing the ReLU activation function.
Black holes in degenerate Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity: can QNMs distinguish them from GR?
Authors: Gera Suvikranth , Roy Poulami Dutta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For the first time, we study the quasi-normal modes(QNMs) of massless scale fields propagating in spacetimes with zero metric determinant. In this context, we work with asymptotically flat solutions to degenerate Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) theory introduced in [JCAP
02 (2022) 020]. This solution has two distinct branches akin to Einstein Gauss-Bonnet(EBG) gravity. However, unlike the EBG solutions, both the branches of dEGB are well-defined asymptotically. The negative branch solutions from both theories are equivalent under the identification of certain parameters. We provide constraints on the Gauss-Bonnet coupling parameters, which result in black hole spacetimes, and study the behaviour of a propagating scalar field through the computation of QNMs. Finally, we compare the time domain evolution of the scalar field in the background of these black holes with their GR counterparts.
Mode coupling with Fabry–Perot modes in photonic crystal slabs
Authors: Qin 秦 Ken 恳 , Hu 胡 Peng 鹏 , Liu 刘 Jie 杰 , Xiang 向 Hong 红 , Han 韩 De-Zhuan 德专 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fabry–Perot (FP) modes are a class of fundamental resonances in photonic crystal (PhC) slabs. Owing to their low quality factors, FP modes are frequently considered as background fields with their resonance nature being neglected. Nevertheless, FP modes can play important roles in some phenomena, as exemplified by their coupling with guided resonance (GR) modes to achieve bound states in the continuum (BIC). Here, we further demonstrate the genuine resonance mode capability of FP modes PhC slabs. Firstly, we utilize temporal coupled-mode theory to obtain the transmittance of a PhC slab based on the FP modes. Secondly, we construct exceptional points (EPs) in both momentum and parameter spaces through the coupling of FP and GR modes. Furthermore, we identify a Fermi arc connecting two EPs and discuss the far-field polarization topology. This work elucidates that the widespread FPs in PhC slabs can serve as genuine resonant modes, facilitating the realization of desired functionalities through mode coupling.
Adherence of p-Terphenyl (PTP) film on the dichroic filter used for the X-ARAPUCA device
Authors: Mendonça A.P.A. , Machado A.A. , Marques F.C. , Bazetto M.C.Q. , Merlo R.B. , Pierobão C. , Figueroa C.A. , Perotti B.L. , Segreto E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The adherence of the p-Terphenyl film to the substrate in the X-ARAPUCA dichroic filter is directly correlated with the long-term efficiency and durability of this device. This study presents the results of different cleaning methods established to analyze their contributions to the film's adherence to the substrate. The samples underwent analysis of their crystalline and morphological structure using XRD and AFM techniques. Three distinct techniques were employed in the adherence tests: ultrasonic bath, scratch test, and cryogenic immersion method with turbulence, as these devices will be submerged in liquid argon in the DUNE experiment.
Results suggest that the deposited PTP layer exhibits a monoclinic crystalline structure, with topography revealing percolated planar grains and roughness ranging from 13 nm to 18 nm. The various adherence techniques employed yielded consistent results, highlighting the standard cleaning process involving Soap + H2O + N2 + Kiln as the preferred method.
Correlation between charge and current gain in LGADs treated with IR lasers
Authors: Ristić Aleksandar , Kramberger Gregor , Debevc Jernej , Hiti Bojan , Mandić Igor , Skomina Petja , Ristić Goran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the correlation between the gain,
defined as the increase of measured charge generated from the
absorption of incident radiation, and the gain measured as the
increase of sensor leakage current in Low Gain Avalanche Detectors
(LGAD) before and after neutron irradiations. LGADs exhibit high
signal-to-noise ratios for minimum ionizing particles and will be
used in high-energy physics experiments, mainly related to timing
applications. Transient Current Technique (TCT) measurements were
conducted with LGADs and PIN diodes. The electric field screening
effect, caused by free and trapped carriers, is identified as the
main reason for the differences measured in gain determined from the
increase in leakage current and collected charge. These effects are
more significant in irradiated LGAD sensors. The experimental
results confirm expectations, demonstrating a growing spread between
the two measured gains with fluence. The study enables the
prediction of charge gain from the leakage current measurements,
which are easier to conduct.
Distinct intraseasonal periodicity of Siberian high as modulated by ENSO: dominance of Madden–Julian oscillation
Authors: Zhou Fang , Huang Min , Liu Minghong , Qian Yitian , Zhu Yan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While previous studies have demonstrated that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can impact global climate systems on the intraseasonal timescale, how ENSO affects the intraseasonal variability of the Siberian high (SH) still remains unclear. Based on spectral analysis, the SH exhibits evident intraseasonal periodicity (ISP) differences, with 25–50 d during El Niño winters and 50–90 d during La Niña winters. The northward propagation of the Rossby wave from the tropics during the phase transition of the SH leads to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) dominating the difference in the ISP of the SH. The faster eastward propagation of the MJO in El Niño winters leads to a quicker evolution of the SH. Accompanied by the eastward propagation of the MJO, when the tropical westerly in the lower troposphere is located over the Indian Ocean, it can deflect to the north and involved the Eurasian cyclonic circulation, which contributes to the negative phase of the SH. When the tropical westerly moves eastward and the easterly is occupied the Indian Ocean, the middle-to-high latitude northerly completely dominates the East Asia region, penetrates southward to the South China Sea, deflects westward, and involved the tropical easterly, acting as the positive peak stage of the SH. The upper-level tropical zonal wind overrides the low-level tropical zonal wind, forming a coupled circulation and air temperature pattern together with the low level. The faster propagation of the MJO in El Niño winters leads to the intraseasonal evolution of the El Niño-related SH to change from lagging behind the La Niña-related SH to exceeding it, thereby contributing to the ISP of the SH being much shorter during El Niño winters.
Recent shift from energy- to moisture-limitation over global croplands
Authors: Coffel Ethan D , Lesk Corey 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hot and dry conditions pose a substantial risk to global crops. The frequency of co-occurring heat and drought depends on land–atmosphere coupling, which can be quantified by the correlation between temperature and evapotranspiration (r(T, ET)). We find that the majority of global croplands have experienced declines in r(T, ET) over the past ∼40 years, indicating a shift to a more moisture-limited state. In some regions, especially Europe, the sign of r(T, ET) has flipped from positive to negative, indicating a transition from energy-limitation to moisture-limitation and suggesting a qualitative shift in the local climate regime. We associate stronger declines in r(T, ET) with faster increases in annual maximum temperatures and larger declines in soil moisture and ET during hot days. Our results suggest that shifts towards stronger land–atmosphere coupling have already increased the sensitivity of crop yields to temperature in much of the world by 12%–37%, as hot days are not only hotter, but also more likely to be concurrently dry.
An effective Hamiltonian for the simulation of open quantum molecular systems
Authors: Site Luigi Delle , Djurdjevac Ana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We discuss the derivation of an effective Hamiltonian for open quantum many-particle systems. The aim is to define an operator that can be used for (molecular) simulations where, through the exchange of energy and matter with the surrounding environment (reservoir), the number of particles, n, becomes a variable of the problem. The Hamiltonian is formally derived from the Von Neumann equation; specifically, we derive an n-hierarchy of equations for the density matrix,

ρ
^

n

, for near equilibrium situations. Such a hierarchy, in case of stationary equilibrium, delivers the standard grand canonical density matrix as it would be expected. We report that a similar Hamiltonian was conjectured, from empirical considerations, in the field of superconductivity. Thus our result also provide a formal basis for this long-standing hypothesis. Finally, an application is discussed for Path Integral simulations of molecular systems.
A non-enzymatic sensor obtained by direct writing of a AuNP-based ink for monitoring ascorbic acid in sweat
Authors: Nga Dau Thi Ngoc , Thu Vu Thi , Noël Vincent , Mattana Giorgio , Piro Benoît 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development of wearable sensors for monitoring vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in sweat. These sensors can help assess personal nutritional status, prevent vitamin imbalances, and determine the effectiveness of certain medical treatments. This study presents the first example of non-enzymatic ascorbic acid sensor based on the catalytic activity of printed AuNPs. The three-electrode electrochemical system sensor was fabricated by printing a working and counter-electrode from an AuNP-based ink and a pseudo-reference electrode from a silver ink, on a flexible Kapton® substrate. SEM examination of the printed gold layer revealed a highly divided material, which facilitates electron transfer and accelerates the oxidation of ascorbic acid. In vitro amperometry demonstrated a proportional increase in current with ascorbic acid concentration ranging from 10 to 390 μM, with a sensitivity of 14 μA·mM−1·cm−2. The low oxidation potential of +0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl effectively avoided most interfering oxidations. These results pave the way toward evaluation on the body of healthy volunteers, by placing the sensor directly on their skin, for example for tracking the changes in ascorbic acid concentration in sweat when eating Vitamin C tablets or Vitamin C-containing food such as orange juice. The very first results demonstrated good real-time performance in testing in such experimental conditions. This has potential applications in healthcare, not only on skin but also on therapeutic bandages applied to chronic wounds.
Impact of electric and clean-fuel vehicles on future PM2.5 and ozone pollution over Delhi
Authors: Mogno Caterina , Wallington Timothy J , Palmer Paul I , Hakkim Haseeb , Sinha Baerbel , Sinha Vinayak , Steiner Allison L , Sharma Sumit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate the impact of adoption of electric vehicles and cleaner fuels on future surface levels of PM2.5 and ozone over Delhi for two contrasting seasons, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. We run the WRF-Chem atmospheric transport model at high resolution (4 km) with two transport emission scenarios for year 2030: (1) a scenario with electrification of two- and three-wheelers and light commercial vehicles, and (2) a scenario which also includes conversion of diesel vehicles to compressed natural gas (CNG). Compared to the baseline values in 2019, the scenario with both electrification and conversion of diesel vehicles to CNG has a greater reduction in PM2.5 concentrations (up to 5%) than the electrification of two- and three-wheelers and light commercial vehicles alone (within 1%), mainly due to the the greater reduction in primary emissions of PM2.5 and black carbon from diesel conversion to CNG. Vehicles electrification could result in an increase in the daily maximum 8-hours ozone concentrations, which are partially offset by additionally converting to CNG—by −1.9% and +2.4% during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. This reflects higher NOx emissions from the CNG vehicle scenario compared to electrification-alone scenario, which limits the increase of surface ozone in the VOC-limited chemical environment over Delhi. Our findings highlight the importance of a coordinated strategy for PM2.5 and ozone when considering traffic emission controls, and highlight that the transition to electric vehicles should be accompanied by the conversion of diesel vehicles to CNG to limit surface ozone increase and achieve greater reduction in PM2.5 concentrations over Delhi. However, the small changes in PM2.5 and in ozone compared to the baseline scenario highlight the importance of joint emissions reduction from other sectors to achieve substantial progress in PM2.5 and ozone air quality in Delhi.
Adaptive protection coordination in microgrid based on nature inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithm
Authors: Kumari Rani , Naick Bhukya Krishna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ensuring a robust protection system is crucial for safeguarding the integrity of the overall system against abnormalities. Incorporating distributed generation (DG) into the distribution network can introduce fluctuations in fault current levels and directions, potentially causing mismatches in the response of the existing coordination system. This study proposes an adaptive protection coordination scheme designed to accommodate both grid-connected and standalone modes, addressing various fault scenarios. Utilizing a hybrid WCMFO algorithm, optimal relay settings are determined to facilitate effective coordination within a microgrid setup. The proposed method has been analyzed on 9 bus Canadian benchmark system integrated with four DGs. The performance of the proposed method is compared to other optimization techniques to demonstrate its effectiveness. System modelling is conducted using MATLAB/Simulink, and validation is further carried out using industrial ETAP software on a test microgrid system. The analysis extends to evaluating the enhancement in overall system reliability, quantified in terms of energy not supplied (ENS).
Implementation of dual-axis solar tracker using smart battery protection system
Authors: Mohammed Azaharahmed , Battina N Malleswararao , Majahar Hussain , Gottapu Kusuma 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Solar energy plays a vital role in power generation as a part of renewable energy source. Due to the intermittent nature of solar input and to increase the power output a dual-axis solar tracker is considered initially, and the power output is stored in the battery. The power extracted from the solar is enhanced with a dual tracker compared with other techniques. Moreover, the stored power in the battery is effected by cycles of charging and discharge. To aid and improve the performance of batteries a novel smart battery protection scheme is introduced. This scheme considers the battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature within the prescribed limit. Also, during fault conditions, this scheme provides safe operation of the battery which enhances the battery life.