bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of Two Different Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Systems: A Single Center Report
Authors: Yu Kun , Long Cun , Hei Feilong , Li Jingwen , Liu Jinping , Ji Bingyang , Gao Guodong , Zhang Haitao , Song Yunhu , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRefinements in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) equipment, including heparin‐coated surfaces, centrifugal pump, membrane oxygenator, and more biocompatible pump‐oxygenator circuits, have reduced procedure‐related complications and have made ECMO a safe and effective therapy for critical patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two different ECMO circuit systems in a clinical setting and compare their outcomes. From December 2004 to December 2009, 121 patients required ECMO for primary or postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock at our heart center. We used the Medtronic circuit system in our earlier series (Group M, n = 64), and from July 2007, ECMO was carried out mainly with the Quadrox D PLS circuit system (Group Q, n = 56). We retrospectively summarized and analyzed the data of these patients. The evaluation was based on the comparison between properties of the membrane oxygenators and pumps, anticoagulation therapy, circuit‐related complications, and clinical outcomes. Support pump flow rates, platelet counts, and trans‐membrane pressure drops (TMPDs) of preoxygenator and postoxygenator pressures were compared between two groups at the time of support established (T1) and support established for 24 h (T2). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to patient characteristics and pre‐ECMO data. The support pump flow rates and platelet counts at different times were comparable in the two groups. The cannulation technique, ECMO duration, and mean heparin dosage were similar in both groups. There were also no significant differences between the groups in mortality or complications related to bleeding and organ dysfunction. Compared with the M group, the Q group experienced less mechanical failure of the ECMO circuit. The Quadrox PLS circuit system showed less circuit thrombus formation (P < 0.045), less plasma leakage (P < 0.001), and less need for replacement of oxygenators (P < 0.001). Furthermore, frequency of hemolysis during ECMO was significantly lower (P < 0.045). In addition, at T1 and T2, TMPDs were significantly lower in the Q group. Our results suggest that both ECMO circuit systems provide similar effects for safe clinical application, but the Quadrox PLS ECMO circuit system demonstrated partially improved biocompatibility in terms of improved cell preservation, lower TMPDs, less plasma leakage, and thrombus formation.
Differences in Ventriculoatrial Intervals During Entrainment and Tachycardia: A Simpler Method for Distinguishing Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia with Long Ventriculoatrial Intervals
Authors: GONZÁLEZ‐TORRECILLA ESTEBAN , ALMENDRAL JESÚS , GARCÍA‐FERNÁNDEZ FRANCISCO J. , ARIAS MIGUEL A. , ARENAL ANGEL , ATIENZA FELIPE , DATINO TOMÁS , ATEA LEONARDO F. , CALVO DAVID , PACHÓN MARTA , FERNÁNDEZ‐AVILÉS FRANCISCO 
Published: March 2011

VA Intervals to Distinguish PSVT. Introduction: Usefulness of the interval between the last pacing stimulus and the last entrained atrial electrogram (SA) minus the tachycardia ventriculoatrial (VA) interval in the differential diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardias with long (>100 ms) VA intervals has not been prospectively studied in a large series of patients. Our objective was to assess the usefulness of the difference SA–VA in diagnosing the mechanism of those tachycardias in patients without preexcitation. The results were compared with those obtained using the corrected return cycle (postpacing interval—tachycardia cycle length—atrioventricular [AV] nodal delay).
Methods and Results: We included 314 consecutive patients with inducible sustained supraventricular tachycardias with VA intervals >100 ms undergoing an electrophysiologic study. Atrial tachycardias were excluded. Tachycardia entrainment was attempted through pacing trains from right ventricular apex. The SA–VA difference and the corrected return cycle were calculated for every patient. Electrophysiologic study revealed 82 atypical AV nodal reentrant tachycardias (AVNRT) and 237 AV reentrant tachycardias (AVRT) using septal (n = 91) or free‐wall (n = 146) accessory pathways (APs). A SA–VA difference >110 ms identified an atypical AVNRT with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 99%, 98%, 95%, and 99.5%, respectively. Similarly, these values were 88%, 83%, 77%, and 92% for SA–VA difference <50 ms in identifying AVRT through a septal versus free‐wall AP. The SA–VA difference showed higher accuracy in septal AP identification than that obtained using the corrected return cycle.
Conclusion: The difference SA–VA provides a simpler electrophysiologic maneuver that reliably differentiates atypical AVNRT from AVRT regardless of concealed AP location. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 915‐921, August 2011)
Immediate loading after implant placement following tooth extraction up‐regulates cellular activity in the dog mandible
Authors: Sato Ryuta , Matsuzaka Kenichi , Kokubu Eitoyo , Inoue Takashi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate cellular activity of the cervical portion of peri‐implant tissue due to immediate loading after implant placement following tooth extraction from the dog mandible, in terms of morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics.Material and methods: A sand‐blasted implant was inserted into the root septum bone of each extraction socket and was connected to a superstructure made from resin and then covered with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. Implants without the superstructure were used as the non‐loading control group. Animals were sacrificed 1–3 weeks later and specimens were observed using light microscopy and mRNA levels were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: The new bone formation ratio in the loading group at 3 weeks was significantly higher than in the non‐loading group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐positive cells were observed in tissues around the implant surface in both groups at each of the time periods. More osteocalcin (OCN)‐positive cells were observed in the non‐loading group than in the loading group at 2 weeks. The expression of ALP mRNA in the loading group was significantly up‐regulated compared with the non‐loading group (P<0.05). The expression of OCN mRNA in the loading group was significantly up‐regulated compared with the non‐loading group at 2 weeks (P<0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that immediate loading after implant placement following tooth extraction osteogenic affects cellular activity of cervical portion of peri‐implant tissue.To cite this article:
Sato R, Matsuzaka K, Kokubu E, Inoue T. Immediate loading after implant placement following tooth extraction up‐regulates cellular activity in the dog mandible. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000–000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02118.x
Local drug delivery for oral mucosal diseases: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sankar V , Hearnden V , Hull K , Juras D Vidovic , Greenberg MS , Kerr AR , Lockhart PB , Patton LL , Porter S , Thornhill M 
Published: March 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17 (Suppl. 1), 73–84There are few topical formulations used for oral medicine applications most of which have been developed for the management of dermatological conditions. As such, numerous obstacles are faced when utilizing these preparations in the oral cavity, namely enzymatic degradation, taste, limited surface area, poor tissue penetration and accidental swallowing. In this review, we discuss common mucosal diseases such as oral cancer, mucositis, vesiculo‐erosive conditions, infections, neuropathic pain and salivary dysfunction, which could benefit from topical delivery systems designed specifically for the oral mucosa, which are capable of sustained release. Each condition requires distinct penetration and drug retention profiles in order to optimize treatment and minimize side effects. Local drug delivery may provide a more targeted and efficient drug‐delivery option than systemic delivery for diseases of the oral mucosa. We identify those mucosal diseases currently being treated, the challenges that must be overcome and the potential of novel therapies. Novel biological therapies such as macromolecular biological drugs, peptides and gene therapy may be of value in the treatment of many chronic oral conditions and thus in oral medicine if their delivery can be optimized.
Structural Complexity and Distance from Source Habitat Determine Invertebrate Abundance and Diversity
Authors: Mormul Roger P. , Thomaz Sidinei M. , Takeda Alice M. , Behrend Rômulo D. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe structural complexity of habitats and the distance from the dispersion source are considered important determinants of species diversity. The fractal dimensions of substrates are a strong alternative measure for quantifying the structural complexity. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that structural complexity and distance from a dispersion source affect the density and diversity of macro‐invertebrates on submersed macrophytes. To test this hypothesis, we used artificial substrates with different fractal dimensions, which were incubated at different distances from a dispersion source (a stand of macrophytes) in a Neotropical floodplain lake. The relationship between the structural complexity of macrophytes and the density and diversity of invertebrates attached to artificial substrates was positive and significant. On the other hand, distance from the dispersion source negatively affected both the density and diversity of the attached invertebrates. For Oligochaeta, however, there was a significant effect of structural complexity for the artificial plants positioned further away, but it was not significant in the plants positioned closer to the dispersion source. Thus, the effects of complexity depended on the distance from the dispersion source, at least for this specific group of macro‐invertebrates. These results suggest that both structural complexity and distance from the dispersion source should be considered together to explain the diversity of invertebrates in river–floodplain systems. In addition, our results show that there is great potential for using fractal dimensions as a tool to quantify structural complexity in aquatic habitats, especially at the small spatial scales perceived by macro‐invertebrates.Abstract in Portuguese is available athttp://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp.
Association between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, pain intensity and quantitative sensory testing in patients awaiting lumbar diskectomy
Authors: Hegarty Dominic , O’Connor Owen J , Moore Micheal , O’Regan Kevin N , Shorten George , Maher Michael M 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers important information regarding the morphology, location and size of a herniated disc, which influences the decision to offer lumbar diskectomy (LD). This study aims to examine the association between clinical neurophysiologic indices including pain intensity and quantitative sensory testing (QST), and the degree of lumbar nerve root compromise depicted on magnetic resonance (MR) in patients awaiting LD.Methods: With institutional ethical approval, 16 patients (American Society of Anaesthesiologists Grades I‐II, 18–65 years) with radicular pain for greater than 3 months undergoing elective LD were studied. Preoperative pain was assessed using (i) a visual analogue scale measuring pain intensity at rest and with movement and (ii) by quantifying pain sensory thresholds (St), pain perception thresholds (PPt), and pain tolerance threshold (PTt) using QST. MR images were independently graded by two radiologists blinded to the clinical data using the Pfirrmann grading system. Statistical analyses using Student's t‐tests and Pearson's correlation were preformed where appropriate.Results: This study showed that: (i) findings on MR imaging corresponded with the symptomatic side and distribution of the pain; (ii) the degree of nerve root compromise, detected on MRI correlated with increased pain intensity at rest; and (iii) QST identified a trend towards higher St, PPt and PTt in patients with higher Pfirrmann grades.Conclusions: The Pfirrmann grading system of nerve root compromise may be clinically useful preoperatively as a method of identifying individuals who would benefit most from LD. However, additional studies with greater patient numbers and longer follow‐up are required to definitively confirm the findings of this study.
Relative efficacy of different MRI signs in diagnosing active Crohn's disease, compared against a histological gold standard
Authors: Lasocki Arian , Pitman Alexander , Williams Richard , Lui Belinda , Kalade Andrius V , Farish Stephen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction: There has been growing interest in the use of MRI in assessing Crohn's disease because of its lack of ionising radiation. Many MRI signs have been described in the literature, but their relative utility is unknown.Methods: The MRIs of the bowel performed at 1.5 Tesla were blindly reviewed on 26 patients with recent histology (surgery and/or colonoscopy and their associated reports) according to a dedicated pro forma. Each patient's bowel was divided into nine segments. Each segment was assessed as to the presence or absence of 15 MRI signs described in the literature: abnormal gadolinium enhancement (both subjective and objective), wall oedema, fat oedema, fat proliferation, nodal enlargement, free fluid, wall nodularity, serosal blurring, mural thickening >4 mm, stricture, multi‐segmental disease, fistula, abscess and layered contrast enhancement. The results were compared against a histological gold standard with a six‐point scale of disease severity.Results and conclusions: MRI correctly identified all 15 patients with at least established mucosal disease, and three of eight with only mild mucosal disease. Combining these results, a positive MRI correlated highly with at least early mucosal disease (positive predictive value 95%), while the presence of established mucosal disease was unlikely if MRI was negative (negative predictive value 100%). The MRI signs found to be the most sensitive for detecting active Crohn's disease were those related to the bowel wall, namely, wall thickening, nodularity, contrast enhancement and oedema. The most specific signs were the presence of multi‐segmental disease, layered contrast enhancement and complications (fistula and abscess).
Patterns of failure for glioblastoma multiforme following concurrent radiation and temozolomide
Authors: Dobelbower Michael C , Burnett III Omer L , Nordal Robert A , Nabors Louis B , Markert James M , Hyatt Mark D , Fiveash John B 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose: To analyse patterns of failure in patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated with concurrent radiation and temozolomide.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated with concurrent radiation and temozolomide was performed. Twenty patients treated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, with biopsy‐proven disease, documented disease progression after treatment, and adequate radiation dosimetry and imaging records were included in the study. Patients generally received 46 Gy to the primary tumour and surrounding oedema plus 1 cm, and 60 Gy to the enhancing tumour plus 1 cm. MRIs documenting failure after therapy were fused to the original treatment plans. Contours of post‐treatment tumour volumes were generated from MRIs showing tumour failure and were overlaid onto the original isodose curves. The recurrent tumours were classified as in‐field, marginal or regional. Recurrences were also evaluated for distant failure.Results: Of the 20 documented failures, all patients had some component of failure at the primary site. Eighteen patients (90%) failed in‐field, 2 patients (10%) had marginal failures, and no regional failures occurred. Four patients (20%) had a component of distant failure in which an independent satellite lesion was located completely outside of the 95% isodose curve.Conclusions: Radiation concurrent with temozolomide appears to be associated with a moderate risk of distant brain failure in addition to the high rate of local failure. The risk of distant failure was consistent with that observed with radiation alone, suggesting that temozolomide does not act to reduce distant brain failure but to improve local control.
Imaging, radiation oncology and randomised trials: Time for a change?
Authors: Duchesne Gillian M , Wang Shih‐Chang , Hicks Rodney J 
Published: March 2011

SummaryWe discuss the relevance of current trends in clinical trial conduct in light of the burgeoning need to underpin our practice with evidence, the contribution of novel imaging approaches to provide acceptable surrogate endpoints of effect and their place in the individualised medicine of the future.
Protection against advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress during the development of diabetic keratopathy by KIOM-79
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Kim Chan-Sik , Kim Hyojun , Jeong Il-Ha , Sohn Eunjin , Kim Jin Sook 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Objectives
KIOM-79 is a mixture of 80% ethanol extracts of parched Puerariae radix, gingered Magnoliae cortex, Glycyrrhizae radix and Euphorbiae radix. The preventive effect of KIOM-79 on the development of diabetic keratopathy has been investigated.

Methods
Seven-week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were treated with KIOM-79 (50 mg/kg body weight) once a day orally for 13 weeks. The thickness of the cornea was measured and the extent of corneal cell death was detected by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling assay. The expression of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), Bax and Bcl-2 were evaluated in corneal tissues.

Key findings
The administration of KIOM-79 prevented corneal oedema and apoptotic cell death of corneal cells. The accumulation of AGE in corneal tissues was reduced in ZDF rats treated with KIOM-79. Moreover, KIOM-79 attenuated oxidative DNA damage, NF-κB activation and Bax overexpression in the cornea.

Conclusions
The results suggested that KIOM-79 exhibited corneal protective properties by not only reducing oxidative stress but inhibiting the AGEs/NF-κB downstream signal pathway during the development of diabetic keratopathy.
Immunotherapy with a Combination of Intravenous Immune Globulin and P4 Peptide Rescues Mice from Postinfluenza Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Weeks Jenni N. , Boyd Kelli L. , Rajam Gowrisankar , Ades Edwin W. , McCullers Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Alternate therapies are needed for treatment of secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza. The immunomodulatory peptide P4 has shown promise in mouse models of primary pneumococcal infection. Mice infected with influenza virus and then challenged with
Streptococcus pneumoniae
were treated with a combination of P4 peptide and intravenous immune globulin. Survival was improved from 20% to 80% in treated mice relative to controls. Clinical cure correlated with increased clearance of bacteria and decreased lung consolidation. Greater trafficking of professional phagocytic cells to the site of pneumococcal infection coupled with enhanced opsonophagocytosis as manifest by decreased surface display of Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on neutrophils and macrophages were associated with P4 peptide treatment. This suggests that the mechanism of action for improved clearance of bacteria engendered by P4 is through improved uptake by phagocytes mediated by IgG Fc-Fcγ receptor interactions following antibody-mediated opsonophagocytosis of bacteria. Antibody-based therapies, when coupled with immune modulators, such as P4 peptide, may be an effective tool together with antibiotics in our armamentarium against severe pneumonia.
Nitric Oxide-Mediated Intracellular Growth Restriction of Pathogenic Rhodococcus equi Can Be Prevented by Iron
Authors: von Bargen Kristine , Wohlmann Jens , Taylor Gregory Alan , Utermöhlen Olaf , Haas Albert 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTRhodococcus equiis an intracellular pathogen which causes pneumonia in young horses and in immunocompromised humans.R. equiarrests phagosome maturation in macrophages at a prephagolysosome stage and grows inside a privileged compartment. Here, we show that, in murine macrophages activated with gamma interferon and lipopolysaccharide,R. equidoes not multiply but stays viable for at least 24 h. Whereas infection control of other intracellular pathogens by activated macrophages is executed by enhanced phagosome acidification or phagolysosome formation, by autophagy or by the interferon-inducible GTPase Irgm1, none of these mechanisms seems to controlR. equiinfection. Growth control by macrophage activation is fully mimicked by treatment of resting macrophages with nitric oxide donors, and inhibition of bacterial multiplication by either activation or nitric oxide donors is annihilated by cotreatment of infected macrophages with ferrous sulfate. Transcriptional analysis of theR. equiiron-regulated geneiupTdemonstrates that intracellularR. equiencounters iron stress in activated, but not in resting, macrophages and that this stress is relieved by extracellular addition of ferrous sulfate. Our results suggest that nitric oxide is central to the restriction of bacterial access to iron in activated macrophages.
Modulation of Early β-Defensin-2 Production as a Mechanism Developed by Type I Toxoplasma gondii To Evade Human Intestinal Immunity
Authors: Morampudi Vijay , Braun Michel Y. , D'Souza Sushila 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigated the early innate immune responses induced in human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) by the three definedToxoplasma gondiigenotype strains. Transcriptome analysis revealed that among differentially expressed genes, β-defensins distinguished the most IEC infected by fast- or slow-replicatingT. gondiigenotypes. Although β-defensin 1 and 3 genes were not expressed in host cells at early time points postinfection, the slow-replicating type II and III parasites induced high levels of β-defensin 2 gene expression. Notably, no β-defensin 2 gene expression occurred early after infection with the fast-replicating type I parasite. However, activation of this gene in IEC by poly(I:C) treatment prior to infection substantially decreased parasite viability, and pretreatment of parasites with synthetic β-defensin 2 significantly reduced their infectivity of IEC. These findings strongly support the modulation of early β-defensin 2 expression as a mechanism used by type IT. gondiiparasites to mediate immune evasion.