bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of ZNF217, hnRNP‐K, VEGF‐A and IPO7 as targets for microRNAs that are downregulated in prostate carcinoma
Authors: Szczyrba Jaroslaw , Nolte Elke , Hart Martin , Döll Celina , Wach Sven , Taubert Helge , Keck Bastian , Kremmer Elisabeth , Stöhr Robert , Hartmann Arndt , Wieland Wolf , Wullich Bernd , Grässer Friedrich A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn primary prostate cancer (PCa), a major cause of cancer‐related death in men, the expression of various microRNAs (miRNAs) is deregulated. We previously detected several miRNAs, for example, miR‐24 and miR‐22, as significantly downregulated in PCa (Szczyrba et al., Mol Cancer Res 2010;8:529‐38). An in silico search predicted that zinc finger protein 217 (ZNF217) and importin 7 (IPO7) were potential target genes of these miRNAs. Additionally, for two genes that are deregulated in PCa (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, hnRNP‐K, and vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF‐A), we identified two regulatory miRNAs, miR‐205 and miR‐29b. The regulation of the 3′‐untranslated regions of the four genes by their respective miRNAs was confirmed by luciferase assays. As expected, the upregulation of ZNF217, hnRNP‐K, VEGF‐A and IPO7 could be verified at the protein level in the PCa cell lines LNCaP and DU145. ZNF217 and IPO7, which had not yet been studied in PCa, were analyzed in more detail. ZNF217 mRNA is overexpressed in primary PCa samples, and this overexpression translates to an elevated protein level. However, IPO7 was upregulated at the protein level alone. The inhibition of ZNF217 and IPO7 by siRNA resulted in reduced proliferation of the PCa cell lines. ZNF217 could thus be identified as an oncogene that is overexpressed in PCa and affects the growth of PCa cell lines, whereas the function of IPO7 remains to be elucidated in greater detail.
Endogenous inhibitor proteins that connect Ser/Thr kinases and phosphatases in cell signaling
Authors: Eto Masumi , Brautigan David L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractProtein phosphatase activity acts as a primary determinant of the extent and duration of phosphorylation of cellular proteins in response to physiological stimuli. Ser/Thr protein phosphatase‐1 (PP1) belongs to the PPP superfamily, and is associated with regulatory subunits that confer substrate specificity, allosteric regulation, and subcellular compartmentalization. In addition, all eukaryotic cells contain multiple heat‐stable proteins that originally were thought to inhibit phosphatase catalytic subunits released from the regulatory subunits, as a fail‐safe mechanism. However, discovery of C‐kinase‐activated PP1 inhibitor, Mr of 17 kDa (CPI‐17) required fresh thinking about the endogenous inhibitors as specific regulators of particular phosphatase complexes, acting in addition to, not instead of, regulatory subunits. The cellular actions of the endogenous inhibitors are controlled by phosphorylation, connecting them to kinase pathways. More recent progress has unveiled additional functions of PP1 inhibitor‐2 (I‐2), including regulation of protein kinases. Transcriptional mechanisms govern the expression levels of CPI‐17 in response to stimuli. If true for other inhibitor proteins, they have the potential of being diagnostic markers for pathological conditions. We discuss specific examples of PP1 inhibitor proteins regulating particular cellular functions and the rationale for incorporating phosphatase inhibitor proteins in development of new therapeutic strategies. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, IUBMB Life, 64(9): 732–739, 2012
Deciphering the role of malin in the lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy
Authors: Romá‐Mateo Carlos , Sanz Pascual , Gentry Matthew S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLafora disease (LD) is a fatal, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder that results in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. A hallmark of LD is the accumulation of insoluble, aberrant glycogen‐like structures called Lafora bodies. LD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase malin or the glucan phosphatase laforin. Although LD was first described in 1911, its symptoms are still lacking a consistent molecular explanation and, consequently, a cure is far from being achieved. Some data suggest that malin forms a functional complex with laforin. This complex promotes the ubiquitination of proteins involved in glycogen metabolism and misregulation of pathways involved in this process results in Lafora body formation. In addition, recent results obtained from both cell culture and LD mouse models have highlighted a role of the laforin‐malin complex in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum‐stress and protein clearance pathways. These results suggest that LD should be considered as a novel member of the group of protein clearance diseases such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, or Alzheimer's, in addition to being a glycogen metabolism disease. Herein, we review the latest results concerning the role of malin in LD and attempt to decipher its function. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(10): 801–808, 2012
Dopaminergic therapies modulate the T‐CELL proteome of patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Alberio Tiziana , Pippione Agnese C. , Comi Cristoforo , Olgiati Simone , Cecconi Daniela , Zibetti Maurizio , Lopiano Leonardo , Fasano Mauro 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDopamine receptor agonists and L‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) counteract dopamine loss in the striatum and are therefore used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). T‐Lymphocytes express some features of the dopaminergic system, and their function or activation might be regulated by dopaminergic treatments. Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of total protein extract from T‐lymphocytes was performed to identify therapy‐induced proteome changes in T‐cells of 17 patients with PD. Specific protein level alterations were further validated by Western blotting. Of 17 enrolled patients, 11 were treated with different doses of L‐DOPA; in this group, we found that the levels of two spots, corresponding to ATP synthase subunit β and proteasome subunit β type‐2, correlated linearly with the L‐DOPA daily dose. Moreover, we identified seven proteins (prolidase, actin‐related protein 2, F‐actin‐capping protein subunit β, tropomyosin α‐3 chain, proteasome activator complex subunit 1, peroxiredoxin 6, and a glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase isoform) whose levels were significantly different in patients treated with dopamine agonists. These findings demonstrate that dopaminergic stimulation has important effects on T‐cell proteome in patients under long‐term treatment. Therefore, therapies acting on the dopaminergic system may have additional effects on the immune system. © 2012 IUBMB, IUBMB Life, 64(10):846–852, 2012
Analyses of advanced iterated tour partitioning heuristics for generalized vehicle routing problems
Authors: Seth Anupam , Klabjan Diego , Ferreira Placid M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTheoretical analyses of a set of iterated‐tour partitioning vehicle routing algorithms applicable to a wide variety of commonly used vehicle routing problem variants are presented. We analyze the worst‐case performance of the algorithms and establish tightness of the derived bounds. Among other variants, we capture the cases of pick‐up and delivery and multiple depots. We also introduce brand new concepts such as mobile depots, partitioning of customer nodes into groups, and potential opportunistic under‐utilization of vehicle capacity by only partially loading the vehicle, among others, which arise from a printed circuit board application. The problems studied are of critical importance in many practical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2013
New copolymers of a tautomerizable β‐ketonitrile monomer: Synthesis, characterization and solution tautomerism
Authors: Giussi Juan M. , Allegretti Patricia E. , Cortizo M. Susana 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe monomer 2‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐5‐phenyl‐4‐pentenonitrile (MOP) was prepared by reaction of ethyl cinnamate and propionitrile in alkaline mixture. This monomer exhibits three possible tautomeric forms. The tautomeric equilibria of MOP and its copolymers with styrene in different solvents were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The bulk and solution radical copolymerization initiated with azobisisobutyronitrile was carried out at 60 °C. The products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC NMR, HMBC NMR, and FTIR spectroscopies. The weight‐average molecular weight and polydispersity index were analyzed with size exclusion chromatography. The monomer reactivity ratios were obtained with the Fineman‐Ross method, obtaining a value of r1r2 = 0.286. MOP copolymer composition as well as the nature of the solvent significantly affected the tautomeric equilibrium. Regression analysis of the copolymer composition with solvatochromic parameters showed a good linear correlation, as quantitatively expressed by means of the linear solvation energy relationship using the empirical set of Kamlet‐Taft solvent parameters. This behavior could be attributed to polymer–polymer or polymer‐solvent interactions prevalent in solvents of different polarity, which are responsible for changes in macromolecular chain conformations, as confirmed by FTIR and viscometric studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Microstructure Evolution during Crystallization of Vapor‐Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene Films
Authors: Knepper Robert , Browning Katie , Wixom Ryan R. , Tappan Alexander S. , Rodriguez Mark A. , Alam M. Kathleen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVapor‐deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) films were observed to form a dense amorphous structure that crystallizes to a mixture of the HNAB‐II polymorph and an unidentified structure over a period ranging from hours to weeks depending on the ambient temperature. Films crystallized at various temperatures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy to measure the impact of crystallization temperature on resultant microstructure. Crystallization temperature was observed to have different effects on film microstructure over two temperature regimes. At temperatures below approximately 65 °C, increases in temperature led to a greater fraction of the film forming the HNAB‐II polymorph and caused subtle changes in morphology. However, at higher temperatures, a thin surface layer was observed to form prior to crystallization, which led to films composed primarily of the unknown crystal structure with conspicuous differences in morphology.
Effect of Different Polymeric Matrices on Some Properties of Plastic Bonded Explosives
Authors: Elbeih Ahmed , Zeman Svatopluk , Jungova Marcela , Vávra Pavel , Akstein Zbynek 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMatrices based on polyisobutylene (PIB), polymethyl‐methacrylate (PA), Viton A 200, Dyneon FT 2481 (Fluorel), and polydimethyl‐siloxane binders were studied as desensitizers. A series of plastic explosives (PBXs) were prepared, based on four different nitramines, namely RDX (1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane), β‐HMX (β‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane), BCHMX (cis‐1,3,4,6‐tetranitro‐octahydroimidazo‐[4,5‐d]imidazole) and ε‐HNIW (ε‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane, ε‐CL‐20), bonded by the matrices mentioned. For comparison, pentaerythritol tetranitrate and certain commercial explosives based on it, Semtex 1A, Semtex 10 and Sprängdeg m/46, were used. Detonation velocities, sensitivities to impact and friction, and peak temperatures of thermal decomposition by differential thermal analysis technique (DTA) for all the explosives studied were determined. Heat of detonation was calculated by means of a thermodynamic calculation program (EXPLO 5 code). Fluoroelastomers have a neutral to positive effect on the thermal stability of nitramines and they have a significant effect on decreasing the friction sensitivity. However, their anti‐impact efficiency is the lowest in this study although they have a positive effect on performance of the corresponding PBXs. PA and PIB matrices markedly decrease thermal stability of nitramines, the anti‐impact influences of PIB‐binders are better than those of PA‐binders, while PA‐binders have a higher anti‐friction effect and slightly less negative influence on the performance of the PBXs in comparison with PIB mixtures. The polydimethyl‐siloxane matrix has a neutral effect on thermal stability of the nitramines studied, it has an influence on the volume thermochemistry of detonation comparable with that of fluoroelastomers although it does not provide comparable performance, and its corresponding PBXs have optimum sensitivity parameters.
Metal‐Fluorocarbon Pyrolants. XIII: High Performance Infrared Decoy Flare Compositions Based on MgB2 and Mg2Si and Polytetrafluoroethylene/Viton®
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian , Hahma Arno , Weiser Volker , Roth Evelin , Knapp Sebastian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the presented work two experimental pyrolants for use in blackbody infrared decoy flares showing higher performance than baseline magnesium/polytetrafluoroethylene/Viton® (MTV) were investigated. These pyrolants are based on fuels hitherto unknown to pyrotechnics: magnesium diboride, MgB2, and dimagnesium silicide, Mg2Si. Both fuels were formulated with polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE and a fluorocarbon binder Viton® (designated MbTV and MsTV). MsTV yields higher radiance, Lλ (W cm−2 sr−1) in the mid infrared range (2–5 μm) than MTV at same stoichiometry. The volumetric spectral efficiency Eλ (J cm−3 sr−1) of MbTV is also superior to MTV. MbTV thus allows for size reduction of black body countermeasure flares and thereby has potential to enhance the survivability of aircraft in hostile environments. Due to its very high burning rate MsTV qualifies for first fire and igniter applications.
High resolution X‐ray diffraction study of single crystal diamond radiators
Authors: Yang Guangliang , Livingston Ken , Jones Richard , Klein Franz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHigh quality single crystal diamond is widely used for generating highly polarized high energy photon beams in the photonuclear physics study. The quality of the diamond crystal has a vital effect on the polarization of the photon beam which should be as high as possible as required by the experiments at Jefferson Lab, MAX_lab and MAMI, etc. One 20 µm thick diamond radiator from Jefferson lab and one 100 µm thick diamond radiator from MAMI were investigated by X‐ray rocking curve and topograph measurements. The rocking curve results suggest that the 20 µm thick diamond radiator is severely deformed which explains why this diamond radiator showed unstable performance in the coherent bremsstrahlung experiments. The 100 µm thick diamond radiator was radiation damaged after being used in an 855 MeV electron beam line for several years. At the radiation damage region, it was found that the rocking curve width is significantly broadened, and the rocking curve peak position shifted towards the larger angle side by around 200 arcsec. Raman test confirmed that a significant amount non‐diamond phase exist at the radiation damage region.
Effect of thermal treatments and Co concentration on the structural and luminescent properties of sputtered TiO2:Co films
Authors: Carmona‐Rodríguez J. , Rodríguez‐Melgarejo F. , Vargas S. , Estévez M. , Hernández‐Landaverde M. A. , Urbina‐Alvarez J. E. , Márquez‐Marín J. , Zúñiga‐Romero C. , Rodríguez R. , Jiménez‐Sandoval S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThin films of Co‐doped titania were grown at room temperature by rf reactive co‐sputtering. A post‐growth annealing procedure was carried out at 300, 450, and 750 °C in an inert argon atmosphere. The samples were studied using X‐ray diffraction, micro Raman, UV–Vis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The properties of the films were analyzed as a function of the Co concentration and the annealing temperature. The as‐grown films were amorphous; however, after a thermal annealing procedure the samples presented a Co‐concentration‐dependent transition to the anatase phase. In particular, the samples annealed at 300 °C showed a strong and broad PL signal that was quenched after exposure to an Ar+ laser beam (λ = 488.0 nm) focused through a microscope objective. The emission properties of the films have been ascribed to defects arising during the amorphous–anatase structural phase transition. It was also shown that the intensity and quenching rate of the PL depended upon the Co concentration and the annealing temperature.
Optical properties of host material for phosphor computational modeling
Authors: Yao Ge , Berry Mary T. , May P. Stanley , Kilin Dmitri S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe lanthanide ions doped hexagon (β)‐NaYF4 nanocrystals exhibit photoluminescence outputs, where β‐NaYF4 with a strong cation disorder serve as host substance. The ab initio computation of β‐NaYF4 with different atomic sizes NamYmF4m, for m = 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, or 96 in periodic boundary conditions is simulated based on density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. With the increase of unit sizes, the energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), energy gap, and energy per atom exhibit asymptotic convergence as well as the interatomic distances. The calculation of first ionization energy appreciates the prediction of the Koopmans' theorem. The investigation of orbital's spatial distribution proves the ligand (F− −1e → F) to metal (Y3+ +1e → Y2+) transition during the excitations mainly through the p → d path. Two families of lifetimes are observed in the simulated results from the optical absorption spectrum, which indicates that transitions can be divided by two categories. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ENSO effects on δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess values in precipitation across the U.S. using a high‐density, long‐term network (USNIP)
Authors: Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALEIsotope (δ18O and δ2H values) ratios in precipitation have been central to understanding changes in Earth's climate as recorded in ice, coral, speleothems, lake varves and long‐lived plants. Understanding how climate phases (i.e. ENSO) affect the spatial and temporal patterns of δ18O and δ2H values in precipitation has, however, been uncertain across the USA.METHODSA spatial precipitation isotope network (USNIP) has been established that aims to: (1) characterize the δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess values in precipitation across the USA with the highest spatially dense network of measurements yet undertaken; (2) quantify the annual and seasonal patterns of precipitation δ18O and δ2H values that may be affected by ENSO climate phases; and (3) provide a new isotope database for scientific studies that can be incorporated into NEON, BASIN, GNIP, and IsoMAP.RESULTSOn average, precipitation δ18O and δ2H values are very low in the northern Rocky Mountain region (~ −15‰ δ18O, and ~ −120‰ δ2H), and precipitation δ18O and δ2H values are relatively higher along the Gulf Coast (~ −5‰ δ18O and −10‰ δ2H) and in the Southeast. During El Niño periods the precipitation δ18O and δ2H values are lowest in northwest Montana, with precipitation that is depleted in 18O and 2H extending into northern Colorado, while moisture that is enriched in 18O and 2H continues to dominate the Gulf Coast. The annual average differences between the climate phases generally show especially depleted 18O and 2H in precipitation across the Rocky Mountain region during El Niño, compared with Neutral periods.CONCLUSIONSDetailed spatial and seasonal patterns of δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess values provide fine‐scale resolution not previously recognized. Climate phases of ENSO have major effects on the spatial patterns of δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess values, being especially important on a seasonal basis in the Desert Southwest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LONG‐TERM COTTONWOOD FOREST DYNAMICS ALONG THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER, USA
Authors: Scott M. L. , Auble G. T. , Dixon M. D. , Carter Johnson W. , Rabbe L. A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe upper Missouri River bottomland in north‐central Montana, USA, retains much of the physical character it had when traversed by Lewis and Clark around 1805. We used geospatial data to quantify long‐term changes in the distribution of bottomland vegetation, land use patterns and channel planform for a 257‐rkm segment of the Missouri River above Fort Peck Reservoir. This segment is less ecologically altered than downstream segments, but two dams completed in the mid‐1950s have decreased the frequency and magnitude of floods. The area of forest is sparse because of geomorphic setting but, contrary to public perception, has remained relatively constant during the past century. However, the stability of forest area obscures its spatial and temporal dynamics. We used state and transition models to quantify fates and sources of forest during two periods: 1890s–1950s and 1950s–2006. Total forest area was 6% greater in 2006 than it was in the 1890s, largely due to reduced forest loss to erosional processes and gains related to progressive channel narrowing. Channel narrowing resulted in part from human‐caused peak flow attenuation. A modified transition matrix, used to examine future steady‐state conditions, projected little change in forest area; however, these projections are likely an overestimate. The extent to which 2006 forest area represents a transient adjustment to a new flow regime versus a dynamic, quasi–steady state will be determined by the long‐term interplay among hydrologic factors, channel processes, water management and land use practices. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
AN INVADER WITHIN AN ALTERED LANDSCAPE: ONE CATFISH, TWO RIVERS AND AN INTER‐BASIN WATER TRANSFER SCHEME
Authors: Kadye W. T. , Booth A. J. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTAfrican sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has become established as a non‐native invasive species in Eastern Cape, South Africa, where it was translocated primarily through an inter‐basin water transfer scheme into the Great Fish and Sundays rivers. This study examined the patterns in catfish distribution and abundance, and compared trophic niches in relation to the ichthyofauna of the two rivers. Correspondence analysis revealed upstream to downstream gradients associated with the spatial distribution in species richness for most species within the mainstream and mainstream to tributary gradients that were associated mostly with the spatial distribution of native minnows in both rivers. Catfish was predicted to occur widely within the mainstream habitats and to decrease progressively from mainstreams to tributaries. Based on classification and regression trees, the physico‐chemical environment was found to be a good proxy for predicting the occurrence and abundance of catfish. Although non‐significant relationships were observed between catfish and other native fish species abundances, the study suggests potential impact due to predation and interference in habitats where the invader co‐occurs with other fishes. Comparisons of trophic niches indicated higher trophic diversity for the mainstream ichthyofauna than the tributary communities in both rivers, suggesting an upstream to downstream continuum in community structure and resource availability. Catfish within the invaded mainstream had comparable trophic niches and similar dispersion patterns among individuals for both rivers, but indicated differences in shapes of scatter. This suggests that the catfish exhibited a differential response, probably in relation to resource availability, that may be indicative of its dietary plasticity. The study suggests the proliferation of catfish and its probable impact within the mainstream flow‐altered habitats where invasion resistance was possibly reduced. Comparisons of trophic niches provided information on its probable impact at different scales and the potential risk of invasion of tributaries inhabited by native minnow species. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.