bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body weight at age 20 years, subsequent weight change and breast cancer risk defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status—the Japan public health center‐based prospective study
Authors: Suzuki Reiko , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Sasazuki Shizuka , Sawada Norie , Yamaji Taiki , Shimazu Taichi , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   The Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study Group
Published: November 2010

AbstractFew prospective studies have investigated the association between BMI at age 20 years (BMI20y) and breast cancer risk with consideration to estrogen/progesterone receptor status (ER/PR). We evaluated the association between BMI20y and ER/PR‐defined breast cancer risk among 41,594 women in the population‐based Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study. Anthropometric factors were assessed using self‐reported questionnaires. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models. Through to the end of 2006, 452 breast cancer cases were identified. We observed a statistically significant inverse association between BMI20y and breast cancer incidence [multivariable‐adjusted RR for each 5‐unit increment 0.75 (95%CI = 0.61–0.92)], which was not modified by menopausal or recent BMI status. In contrast, recent BMI and subsequent BMI gain were not associated with increased risk among premenopausal women, but were substantially associated with increased risk among postmenopausal women [corresponding RRrecent BMI = 1.31 (95%CI = 1.07–1.59); RRsubsequent BMI gain = 1.32 (95%CI = 1.09–1.60)]. In subanalyses by receptor status (∼50% of cases), the observed inverse association of BMI20y with risk was consistent with the result for ER–PR– [0.49 (95%CI = 0.27–0.88)], while the observed positive associations of BMI gain with postmenopausal breast cancer risk appeared to be confined to ER+PR+ tumors [corresponding RRfor subsequent BMI gain =2.24 (95%CI = 1.50–3.34)]. Low BMI at age 20 years was substantially associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. In contrast, high recent BMI and subsequent BMI gain from age 20 were associated with increased risk of postmenopausal ER+PR+ tumors.
Age as a key factor influencing metastasizing patterns and disease‐specific survival after sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Kretschmer Lutz , Starz Hans , Thoms Kai‐Martin , Satzger Imke , Völker Bernward , Jung Klaus , Mitteldorf Christina , Bader Claudia , Siedlecki Katharina , Kapp Alexander , Bertsch Hans Peter , Gutzmer Ralf 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn our study, we investigated the impact of the constitutional factor age on the clinical courses of melanoma patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan‐Meier estimates, logistic regression analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to study a population of 2,268 consecutive patients from three German melanoma centers. Younger age was significantly related to less advanced primary tumors. Nevertheless, patients younger than 40 years of age had a twofold risk of being SLN‐positive (p < 0.000001). Of the young patients with primary melanomas with a thickness of 0.76 mm to 1.0 mm, 19.7% were SLN‐positive. Using multivariate analysis, younger age, increasing Breslow thickness, ulceration and male sex were significantly related to a higher probability of SLN‐metastasis. During follow‐up, older patients displayed a significantly increased risk of in‐transit recurrences (p = 0.000002) and lymph node recurrences (p = 0.0004). With respect to melanoma specific overall survival the patient's age was highly significant in the multivariate analysis. The unfavorable effect of being older was significant in the subgroups with positive and negative SLNs. Age remained also significant for the survival after the onset of distant metastases (p = 0.002). In conclusion, the patient's age is a strong and independent predictor of melanoma‐specific survival in patients with localized melanomas, in patients with positive SLNs and after the onset of distant metastases. Younger patients have a better prognosis despite their higher probability of SLN metastasis. Older patients are less frequently SLN‐positive but have a higher risk of loco‐regional recurrence.
Expression profiling of GIST: CD133 is associated with KIT exon 11 mutations, gastric location and poor prognosis
Authors: Arne Gabriella , Kristiansson Erik , Nerman Olle , Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar , Ahlman Håkan , Nilsson Bengt , Nilsson Ola 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), KIT exon 11 deletions are associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the gene expression profiles of GISTs carrying KIT exon 11 deletions and to identify genes associated with poor prognosis. Expression profiling was performed on nine tumors with KIT exon 11 deletions and 7 without KIT exon 11 mutations using oligonucleotide microarrays. In addition, gene expression profiles for 35 GISTs were analyzed by meta‐analysis. Expression of CD133 (prominin‐1) protein was examined by tissue microarray (TMA) analysis of 204 GISTs from a population‐based study in western Sweden. Survival analysis was performed on patients subjected to R0 resection (n = 180) using the Cox proportional hazards model. Gene expression profiling, meta‐analysis, and qPCR showed up regulation of CD133 in GISTs carrying KIT exon 11 deletions. Immunohistochemical analysis on TMA confirmed CD133 expression in 28% of all tumors. CD133 positivity was more frequent in gastric GISTs (48%) than in small intestinal GISTs (4%). CD133 positivity was also more frequent in GISTs with KIT exon 11 mutations (41%) than in tumors with mutations in KIT exon 9, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA), or wild‐type tumors (0–17%). Univariate survival analysis showed a significant correlation between the presence of CD133 protein and shorter overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.23, p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis showed that CD133 provided additional information on patient survival compared to age, sex, National Institutes of Health (NIH) risk group and mutational status. CD133 is expressed in a subset of predominantly gastric GISTs with KIT exon 11 mutations and poor prognosis.
Inhibitory effect of pisosterol on human glioblastoma cell lines with C‐MYC amplification
Authors: Pereira Edmundo L. R. , Lima Patrícia D. L. , Khayat André S. , Bahia Marcelo O. , Bezerra Franciglauber S. , Andrade‐Neto Manoel , Montenegro Raquel C. , Pessoa Cláudia , Costa‐Lotufo Letícia V. , Moraes Manoel O. , Yoshioka France K. N. , Pinto Giovanny R. , Burbano Rommel R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDespite the remarkable progress in the characterization of the molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), these tumors remain incurable and, in most cases, refractory to aggressive cytotoxic treatments. We conducted a morphological and cytogenetic study in two GBM cell lines (U343 and AHOL1), before and after treatment with pisosterol (at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.8 µg ml−1), a triterpene isolated from the fungus Pisolithus tinctorius. No significant alteration was observed in the morphology and frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in the cell lines analyzed after treatment with pisosterol. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with a locus‐specific probe for C‐MYC showed that 72% of U343 and 65% of AHOL1 cells contained more than two alleles of C‐MYC before treatment. After treatment, no effects were detected at lower concentrations of pisosterol (0.5 and 1.0 µg ml−1). However, at 1.8 µg ml−1 of pisosterol, only 33% of U343 cells and 15% of AHOL1 cells presented more than two fluorescent signals, suggesting that pisosterol blocks the cells with gene amplification. Cells that do not show a high degree of C‐MYC gene amplification have a less aggressive and invasive behavior and are easy targets for chemotherapy. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the use of pisosterol in combination with conventional anti‐cancer therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the impact of arginine–chitosan/DNA nanoparticles on human naive CD4+ T cells
Authors: Liu Lanxia , Bai Yuanyuan , Zhu Dunwan , Song Liping , Wang Hai , Dong Xia , Zhang Hailing , Leng Xigang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPrevious studies showed that arginine‐conjugated chitosan (ACS)/DNA nanoparticles (ACGN) mediated significantly higher expression of the transgenes when compared with chitosan (CS)/DNA nanoparticles (CGN). However, the interactions between ACGN and immune cells still remain poorly understood. The present study investigated whether ACGN affected the initial differentiation direction of human naive CD4+ T cells, either directly or indirectly. It was demonstrated that both ACGN and CGN induced slightly higher production of IL‐12 by THP‐1 cells in the order of ACGN > CGN. However, this macrophage stimulating activity was much less significant when compared with lipopolysaccharide and did not impact on the differentiation of the naive CD4+ T cells separated from the nanoparticles and THP‐1 cells by a 0.1‐μm diameter polycarbonate semipermeable membrane, which allows the pass through of macromolecules including IL‐12. It also demonstrated that, when directly exposed to naive CD4+ T cells, none of the nanoparticles induced either the activation of the naive CD4+ T cells in the absence of recombinant human IL‐4 (rhIL‐4) or IFN‐γ (rhIFN‐γ) that induce naive CD4+ T cell polarization or any changes in the differentiation direction of the naive CD4+ T cells in the presence of the corresponding cytokines. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Colonic availability of polyphenols and D‐(−)‐quinic acid after apple smoothie consumption
Authors: Hagl Stephanie , Deusser Hannah , Soyalan Buelent , Janzowski Christine , Will Frank , Dietrich Helmut , Albert Franz Werner , Rohner Simone , Richling Elke 
Published: November 2010

AbstractScope: The aim of this study was to determine the amounts of polyphenols and D‐(−)‐quinic acid reaching the ileostomy bags of probands (and thus the colon in healthy humans) after ingestion of apple smoothie, a beverage containing 60% cloudy apple juice and 40% apple puree.Methods and results: Ten healthy ileostomy subjects each ingested 0.7 L of apple smoothie (a bottle). Their ileostomy bags were collected directly before and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after smoothie consumption, and the polyphenol and D‐(−)‐quinic acid contents of the ileostomy fluids were examined using HPLC‐DAD and HPLC‐MS/MS. The total polyphenol and D‐(−)‐quinic acid content of the apple smoothie was determined to be 1955.6±124.6 mg/0.7 L, which is very high compared to cloudy apple juices. The most abundant substances found in the ileostomy bags were oligomeric procyanidins (705.6±197.9 mg), D‐(−)‐quinic acid (363.4±235.5 mg) and 5‐caffeoylquinic acid (76.7±26.8 mg). Overall recovery of ingested polyphenols and D‐(−)‐quinic acid in the ileostomy bags was 63.3±16.1%.Conclusions: The amounts of polyphenol and D‐(−)‐quinic acids reaching the ileostomy bags are considerably higher after apple smoothie consumption than after the consumption of cloudy apple juice or cider. These results suggest that the food matrix might affect the colonic availability of polyphenols, and apple smoothies could be more effective in the prevention of chronic colon diseases than both cloudy apple juice and apple cider.
Extant health behaviors and uptake of standardized vs tailored health messages among cancer survivors enrolled in the FRESH START trial: a comparison of fighting‐spirits vs fatalists
Authors: Wilkinson Anna V. , Barrera Stephanie L. , McBride Colleen M. , Snyder Denise C. , Sloane Richard , Meneses Karen M. , Pekmezi Dorothy , Kraus William E. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective: Cancer coping styles have been associated with several cancer‐related outcomes. We examined whether baseline lifestyle behaviors differed between cancer survivors with fatalistic vs fighting‐spirit coping styles, and whether there was differential response to two diet‐exercise mailed‐print interventions, one standardized and another individually tailored.Methods: Baseline differences by coping style are presented for 628 breast and prostate cancer survivors who participated in the FRESH START trial, along with multivariable analyses on rates of uptake by coping style and arm assignment for those completing the 2‐year trial.Results: At baseline, several differences were observed between fighting‐spirits and fatalists, with the former significantly more likely to be white, younger, leaner, more‐educated and at risk for depression, and less likely to consume 5+fruits and vegetables (F&V)/day (p‐values<0.05). Improvements in physical activity were observed, with fighting‐spirits exhibiting the greatest gains from baseline to Year‐1, regardless of intervention type; but by Year‐2, these differences diminished as fatalists gained ground. Moreover, fatalists who received standardized intervention material also charted steady improvements in F&V intake over the study period; by Year‐2, 58.1% of fatalists achieved the 5‐a‐day goal vs 44.6% of fighting‐spirits (p‐value<0.05).Conclusions: Lifestyle behaviors and health message uptake differs by cancer coping style. Although tailored interventions appear most effective and minimize differential uptake, standardized interventions also can improve behaviors, though fighting‐spirits may require additional boosters to maintain change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing of stop band filters using hybrid periodic/quasi‐periodic one‐dimensional photonic crystals in microwave domain
Authors: Ali Naim Ben , Kanzari Mounir 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing the transfer matrix method approach (TMM), the present paper attempts to determine the transmission properties of generalized quasi‐periodic (GQP) photonic systems. In addition, it studies hybrid periodic photonic/generalized quasi‐periodic photonic (PP/GQP) multilayer structures constructed as alternation of high‐low contrast (Roger and Air) of refractive indices. The quasi‐periodic photonic crystals (PCs) used in these hybrid hetero‐structures are the generalized Fibonacci sequence GF (m, n) and the generalized Thue–Morse sequence GTM (m, n) (m and n are integers). The results are presented in microwave domain for normal incident wave. By varying the parameters m and n of the quasi‐periodic structures, the corresponding transmission spectrum exhibits interesting properties.
An SKP and EIS investigation of amine adsorption on zinc oxide surfaces
Authors: Nazarov A. , Thierry D. , Volovitch P. , Ogle K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA metal/oxide/polymer ‘interphase’ with mixed organic–inorganic nature insures the high stability and the strength of the adhesive joints in a variety of corrosive environments. To model the interaction of epoxy resin with a metal surface, the interaction of amines of different structure with oxidized zinc surfaces was studied by Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP), FTIR microscopy in atmospheric conditions, and a.c. and d.c. electrochemical techniques in the aqueous electrolyte. It was shown that bidentate ligand‐ethylendiamine, forming stable chelate complexes reacts with zinc oxide with redeposition of the interphase. In air and water electrolyte, this ligand shifts the potential of Zn/ZnO electrode to the level of the oxide‐free zinc. The amines with low chelating property show low effect on the potential of Zn/ZnO. The SKP was used to measure the potential drop at epoxy resin/zinc interface. On this basis, SKP is proposed as a sensitive nondestructive technique to characterize in situ the interaction of the resin with the metal and the subsequent formation of the interphase in the metal–polymer joints. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Fatty Oil of Zizyphi spinosi semen Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Xuesong , Chen Yong , Wang Longhu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractZizyphi spinosi semen (ZSS) has been widely used for treatment of insomnia in oriental countries. The aim of this study is to characterize the fatty oil of ZSS obtained by supercritical fluid extraction in terms of chemical composition and physicochemical properties. The chemical composition, including fatty acids and unsaponifiable constituents, was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The results revealed that 9‐octadecenoic acid (43.38 ± 0.03%) and 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid (40.58 ± 0.03%) were the main fatty acids, and β‐sitosterol (37.39 ± 0.02%) and squalene (30.79 ± 0.01%) were the key unsaponifiables. Furthermore, four indexes were assayed according to Chinese Pharmacopeia (2005) to reflect the physicochemical properties of ZSS oil, their values being determined as follows: acid value (10.3 ± 0.1 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (0.05 ± 0.01 g/100 g), saponification value (194.4 ± 0.5 mg KOH/g) and iodine value (109.7 ± 0.8 g I/100 g). The basic information obtained provides data support for quality evaluation and efficacy research of ZSS oil, and suggests its prospects for development in pharmaceutical and food industries.
N‐Myc is a downstream target of RET signaling and is required for transcriptional regulation of p18Ink4c by the transforming mutant RETC634R
Authors: Kulkarni Mandar V. , Franklin David S. 
Published: November 2010

Inherited activating mutations in RET predispose humans to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type‐2 (MEN2). The MEN2A‐specific mutation RETC634R, RET2A, has been shown to simultaneously downregulate the CDKIs p18 and p27, and upregulate cyclin D1. Importantly, the loss of p18 is necessary and sufficient for RET2A‐mediated hyperproliferation. The loss of N‐Myc in mice results in embryonic lethality due to a lack of neuronal progenitor cells that fail to proliferate, correlate with accumulation of p18 and p27. Therefore, N‐Myc may regulate expression of both CDKIs. Also, N‐Myc is expressed predominantly in neuroendocrine cells that give rise to the primary cell types affected in MEN2A. Together these studies suggest that N‐Myc is a downstream target of RET2A signaling that prevents accumulation of p18 and/or p27. We report that MAPK activation by RET2A leads to a transient induction of N‐Myc mRNA and protein levels, and that N‐Myc induction is required to maintain low p18 and p27 levels. Induced N‐Myc levels correlate with increased binding of N‐Myc to an initiator consensus binding site in the p18 promoter, and this binding is essential for RET2A‐mediated transcriptional regulation of p18. Finally, loss of N‐Myc induction prevents RET2A‐mediated hyperproliferation. Our results demonstrate for the first time that N‐Myc is a downstream target of RET2A signaling, and propose that induction of N‐Myc by RET2A is a key step leading to lower p18 levels during MEN2A tumorigenesis.
Surgical management of troublesome mastoid cavities
Authors: Yung M , Tassone P , Moumoulidis I , Vivekanandan S 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:To examine the reasons for discharging mastoid cavities, the operative findings during revision surgery, and the medium-term outcome.Patients:One hundred and forty revision mastoidectomies in 131 patients were studied. Post-operatively, patients were followed up at three, six and 12 months and then yearly.Intervention:A variety of techniques were performed. Over 80 per cent of ears were treated with mastoid obliteration. Concomitant hearing restorative procedures were carried out in one-third of the ears.Results:The mastoid cavities were troublesome because of large cavity size, bony overhang, residual infected mastoid cells, the presence of cholesteatoma or perforations, and/or inadequate meatoplasty. One year after revision mastoidectomy, over 95 per cent of the ears had become completely ‘dry’ and water-resistant. Overall, 50.9 per cent of the ears had a 12-month post-operative air–bone gap of 20 dB or less.Conclusion:Revision mastoidectomy has a high success rate in converting troublesome mastoid cavities into dry, water-resistant ears.
The effect of outliers on the perception of sound change
Authors: Labov William , Baranowski Maciej , Dinkin Aaron 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe role of outliers in vowel distributions is examined through an experiment that registers subjects' assessments of symmetrical and asymmetrical distributions. Subjects first scaled their subjective impressions of a series of six resynthesized tokens of the word bad ranging from low front to upper mid front. They were then asked to register on this scale their overall impressions of four series of five phrases including bad: low symmetrical, low with a very low outlier, high symmetrical, high with a very high outlier. Subjects show the capacity to integrate outliers into their overall assessments in a manner consistent with their acoustic properties. The effect of low outliers was significantly greater, reflecting the socially marked status of this form in the Philadelphia community.
Maya Resistance, Maya Resolve:The tools of autonomy from Tipu, Belize
Authors: Simmons Scott E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper summarizes the results of an analysis of the formal stone tools from the Maya site of Tipu, Belize. The lithic tools are dominated by one form, the small, side-notched projectile point. These tools were recovered from Colonial-period contexts at the site. These points were manufactured from prismatic blade and flake blanks and were fairly uniform in terms of their size and method of manufacture, although distinct base styles were observed. A brief discussion of both quantitative and qualitative attributes and a description of the technology used in the manufacture of these points are presented. Also, several ideas on how researchers may be able to see ethnic or subethnic expressions of style in Colonial-period tools is offered. The possible functions of these projectile points is discussed using information from different sources. The use of these small projectile points, a component of bow-and-arrow technology, will be discussed in light of the often hostile nature of the Spanish Conquest, and in particular, the conquest and reconquest of the Tipu area.
The Incienso Throne and Other Thrones From Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala. Late Preclassic examples of a Mesoamerican throne tradition
Authors: Kaplan Jonathan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA “table altar,” perhaps one described by Cabrera (1822) almost 200 years ago and since unreported, is the only complete example of a class of four-legged sculptures known at present from Kaminaljuyu. Iconographic similarities between the monument and sculptures from southern piedmont and coastal centers and comparisons with other Kaminaljuyu sculptures suggest an early Late Preclassic date (Late Verbena-Early Arenal, approximately 300-200 B.C.). According to depictions on other southern-area monuments many “table altars” were formal, emblematic seats for rulers, or thrones, which had specific ideologies associated with them Review of monuments, including identification as a four-legged throne of the well-known sculpture, Stela 10, numbers the Kaminaljuyu corpus of thrones to date at a minimum of seven. The presence of thrones as a sculptural class at Kaminaljuyu in the Late Preclassic period provides more evidence of a long throne tradition reaching from Olmec times through the Maya Classic and into the Postclassic. Kaminaljuyu's thrones conceivably also add to other evidence of complex sociopolitics at the city during the Late Preclassic.