bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
University Senior Students on the Web
Authors: Martínez-Pecino Roberto , Cabecinhas Rosa , Loscertales-Abril Felicidad 
Published: September 2011

The Internet is increasingly prominent in all walks of life, and Web connection is a key factor in social integration. The rise in life expectancy and quality of life mean that our active seniors now represent a growing sector in society. This study analyses what senior citizens use the Internet for and why, as well as the main benefits of its usage and the perceived obstacles of those who are non-users. The results derive from a questionnaire completed by senior citizens enrolled on university courses for older people, and they show that university seniors frequently connect to the Internet –daily or 2 or 3 times per week–, and use it mainly to look up facts, contact family and friends, for course work and to read the press. They consider the Internet easy to use but they could survive without it. For those who do not have access to the Internet, lack of knowledge about how to use it is the main barrier; yet they do not consider themselves incapable of learning how to use the Internet if they wished to do so. The data gathered from the survey challenge negative stereotypes of older people, and encourage us to modify our view of active seniors as disconnected from and incapable of using the Web and instead see their progress and motivation to learn as something highly positive.Hoy día la relevancia de Internet es cada vez mayor en todos los ámbitos. Participar en la misma es fundamental para estar integrados socialmente. El aumento de la esperanza y la calidad de vida conllevan que los mayores activos supongan un volumen significativo de la población. En este trabajo se analiza el uso que personas mayores activas realizan de Internet, así como los principales beneficios o motivaciones de su utilización, y las barreras que encuentran aquéllos que no la utilizan. Se administró un cuestionario a personas inscritas en programas universitarios de mayores. Los resultados muestran que estos mayores universitarios se conectan a Internet frecuentemente, a diario o entre dos o tres veces por semana. Se destaca la relevancia de Internet para estar actualizados, contactar con la familia y los amigos, el uso académico, y consultar la prensa. La consideran fácil de utilizar aunque afirman que podrían vivir sin ella. Por otro lado, para los que no acceden a Internet no saber utilizarla es una de las principales barreras, si bien las personas que no la utilizan consideran que serían capaces de aprender. En su conjunto los datos animan a romper estereotipos negativos sobre los mayores y a no considerar a los mayores activos como personas incapaces o desconectadas de la Red sino a valorar positivamente los avances que realizan y la motivación por aprender.
Values Perceived in Television by Adolescents in Different Cross-cultural Contexts
Authors: Medrano-Samaniego Concepción , Aierbe-Barandiaran Ana , Martínez-de-Morentín Juan-Ignacio 
Published: September 2011

This study was carried out on a sample group of 1,238 adolescents from eight different cultural contexts, and aimed to determine the values perceived by subjects in their favorite television characters. It also aimed to identify any possible differences between cultural contexts. The basic hypothesis for the study was that television conveys values and constitutes one of the forces for socialization at play during adolescence. The total sample group was made up by: three Spanish sub-groups, four Latin American sub-groups and one Irish sub-group. The instrument used for exploring perceived values was the Val.Tv 0.2, which is an adaptation of Schwartz’s scale. The data were collected both by means of an on-line platform and in person. In relation to the results, in general, the values most commonly perceived by adolescents are self-management and benevolence. As regards contextual differences, although significant differences were observed in all values, in no case were they particularly notable. The only exceptions were hedonism and achievement, for which no significant differences were found at all between the different contexts. The most relevant differences were found in the values of conformity, tradition, benevolence and universalism. From an educational perspective, we can conclude that the measurement instrument used may constitute an adequate tool for decoding the values perceived by adolescents in their favorite television characters.
El objetivo general de este trabajo fue conocer los valores percibidos en su personaje favorito de televisión en una muestra de 1.238 adolescentes pertenecientes a ocho contextos culturales y establecer las posibles diferencias entre dichos contextos. Se parte de la hipótesis básica de que el medio televisivo trasmite valores y es una agente de socialización, entre otros, en la etapa de la adolescencia. La muestra total estuvo constituida por: tres submuestras españolas, cuatro latinoamericanas y una irlandesa. El instrumento utilizado para indagar los valores percibidos ha sido Val.Tv 0.2 que es una adaptación de la escala de Schwartz. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de una plataforma on-line y presencialmente. Respecto a los hallazgos encontrados, tomados globalmente, los valores que más perciben los adolescentes son autodirección y benevolencia. Respecto a las diferencias contextuales los datos nos indican que, a pesar de que existen diferencias significativas en todos los valores, éstas no son muy destacables. Hay que exceptuar los valores de hedonismo y logro, donde no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes contextos. Las diferencias más relevantes se hallaron en los valores de conformidad, tradición, benevolencia y universalismo. Desde una perspectiva educativa se concluye que el instrumento de medición utilizado puede ser una herramienta adecuada para decodificar los valores percibidos por los adolescentes en sus personajes preferidos.
The Nanos Short Stem in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Mid Term Follow-Up
Authors: Ettinger Max , Ettinger Peter , Lerch Matthias , Radtke Kerstin , Budde Stefan , Ezechieli Marco , Becher Christoph , Thorey Fritz 
Published: September 2011

A number of short stems for total hip arthroplasty have been introduced during the last decade. We describe our experience with the NANOS prosthesis (Smith and Nephew, Marl, Germany). The potential increase of bone mass around a femoral short stem using bone densitometry may be an indicator for secondary ingrowth. We report the outcome of 72 NANOS short stems in 65 patients between March 2003 and October 2007. The mean follow-up was 5.2±0.7 years and the mean age of the patients was 63±8.3 years. Along with demographic data and co-morbidities, the Harris Hip Score, the Merle d'Aubigné mobility score, and a patient-centred questionnaire were evaluated pre-operatively and during follow-up. The Mean Harris Hip Score increased from 47.3±12.2 pre-operatively to 97.6±0.6 at the final follow-up. The Merle d'Aubigné mobility score increased from 7.6±1.4 pre-operatively to 11.8±0.3 at the final follow-up. None of the 72 stems were revised, providing a survival rate of 100%. Radiolucent lines were visible rasiographically in two patients during follow-up. The NANOS short stem demonstrated a satisfactory outcome at mid term follow-up. The clinical and radiological results support to the principle of metaphyseal anchorage of a short stem prosthesis. Long term evaluation will be of interest to determine if these encouraging trends are reflected by prolonged survivorship.
Influence of Cognitive Abilities and Age on Word Recall Performance Across Trials and List Segments
Authors: Krueger Lacy E. , Salthouse Timothy A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The influence of cognitive abilities and age on multitrial word recall performance was examined for different list segments (i.e., first, middle, and last) and across trials by having 2,497 participants ages 18–98 complete a multitrial word list test along with reference cognitive ability tests. As expected, higher episodic memory ability was associated with better recall on all list segments but with a smaller influence for the last items on the early trials. Performance improved across trials, but there were no relations of the fluid intelligence construct that might be postulated to be associated with effective strategy implementation with any of the recall measures. Advanced age was associated with lower levels of performance, but very few of the age relations were significant after the variation in the reference cognitive abilities was controlled for.
Integration of Facial and Newly Learned Visual Cues in Speech Perception
Authors: Massaro Dom , Cohen Michael M. , Meyer Heidi , Stribling Tracy , Sterling Cass , Vanderhyden Sam 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
We are developing technology to translate acoustic characteristics of speech into visual cues that can be used to supplement speechreading when hearing is limited. Research and theory have established that perceivers are influenced by multiple sources of sensory and contextual information in spoken language processing. Previous research has also shown that additional sources of information can be learned and used to supplement those that are normally available but have been degraded by sensory impairment or difficult environments. We tested whether people can combine or integrate information from the face and information from newly learned cues in an optimal manner. Subjects first learned the visual cues and then were tested under three conditions. Words were presented with just the face, just the visual cues, or both together. Performance was much better with both cues than with either one alone. Similar to the description of previous results with audible and visible speech, the present results were well described by the Fuzzy Logical Model of Perception (Massaro, 1998), which predicts optimal or maximally efficient integration.
An interactive modeling lesson increases students' understanding of ploidy during meiosis
Authors: Wright L. Kate , Newman Dina L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChromosome structure is confusing to students at all levels, and chromosome behavior during meiosis is a notoriously difficult topic. Undergraduate biology majors are exposed to the process of meiosis numerous times during their presecondary and postsecondary education, yet understanding of key concepts, such as the point at which haploidy is established, does not improve substantially with repeated exposure. Based on student's drawings, 96% of intermediate‐level biology majors have unclear or incorrect ideas about meiosis. Students have difficulty diagramming the process of meiosis starting with three unreplicated pairs of chromosomes, and even when they can produce an accurate diagram, they are unclear how to assign the terms “haploid” and “diploid.” We designed an interactive lesson based on constructivist theory to address these issues in a large lecture class. Pretest and posttest scores showed a significant improvement in students' understanding of ploidy compared to a parallel class taught in the traditional way (e.g. using the textbook diagrams). In interviews afterward, those students whose scores improved on exams specifically pointed to the features of the in‐class modeling that were deliberately incorporated for that purpose. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 344–351, 2011
Optimisation of petroleum refinery water network systems retrofit incorporating reuse, regeneration and recycle strategies
Authors: Khor Cheng Seong , Shah Nilay , Mahadzir Shuhaimi , Elkamel Ali 
Published: September 2011

AbstractScarcities in freshwater supply and increasingly stringent rules on wastewater discharges have emerged as major environmental concerns for petroleum refineries. Hence, this work attempts to develop an optimisation framework for refinery water network systems design and retrofit that integrates the complementary advantageous features of water pinch analysis (WPA). The framework explicitly incorporates water minimisation strategies by first postulating a superstructure representation that embeds all feasible flowsheet alternatives for implementing water reuse, regeneration and recycle (W3R) opportunities. Subsequently, a nonlinear programming (NLP) model is formulated based on the superstructure and computational experiments on a real‐world case study are conducted using the GAMS/CONOPT3 modelling language platform. Post‐optimality analysis on the numerical results are performed to achieve the desired water reuse quality, hence presenting a viable framework to aid decision‐making in water network systems synthesis. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Functional interaction between AQP2 and TRPV4 in renal cells
Authors: Galizia Luciano , Pizzoni Alejandro , Fernandez Juan , Rivarola Valeria , Capurro Claudia , Ford Paula 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that renal cortical collecting duct cells (RCCD1), responded to hypotonic stress with a rapid activation of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) mechanisms. This process requires the presence of the water channel AQP2 and calcium influx, opening the question about the molecular identity of this calcium entry path. Since the calcium permeable nonselective cation channel TRPV4 plays a crucial role in the response to mechanical and osmotic perturbations in a wide range of cell types, the aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the increase in intracellular calcium concentration and the subsequent rapid RVD, only observed in the presence of AQP2, could be due to a specific activation of TRPV4. We evaluated the expression and function of TRPV4 channels and their contribution to RVD in WT‐RCCD1 (not expressing aquaporins) and in AQP2‐RCCD1 (transfected with AQP2) cells. Our results demonstrated that both cell lines endogenously express functional TRPV4, however, a large activation of the channel by hypotonicity only occurs in cells that express AQP2. Blocking of TRPV4 by ruthenium red abolished calcium influx as well as RVD, identifying TRPV4 as a necessary component in volume regulation. Even more, this process is dependent on the translocation of TRPV4 to the plasma membrane. Our data provide evidence of a novel association between TRPV4 and AQP2 that is involved in the activation of TRPV4 by hypotonicity and regulation of cellular response to the osmotic stress, suggesting that both proteins are assembled in a signaling complex that responds to anisosmotic conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 580–589, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creatine affects in vitro electrophysiological maturation of neuroblasts and protects them from oxidative stress
Authors: Sartini Stefano , Sestili Piero , Colombo Evelin , Martinelli Chiara , Bartolini Fanny , Ciuffoli Stefano , Lattanzi Davide , Sisti Davide , Cuppini Riccardo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCreatine (Cr) is a very popular ergogenic molecule that has recently been shown to have antioxidant properties. The effectiveness of Cr supplementation in treating neurological diseases and Cr deficiency syndromes has been demonstrated, and experimental reports suggest that it plays an important role in CNS development. In spite of this body of evidence, the role of Cr in functional and structural neuronal differentiation is still poorly understood. Here we used electrophysiological, morphological, and biochemical approaches to study the effects of Cr supplementation on in vitro differentiation of spinal neuroblasts under standard conditions or subjected to oxidative stress, a status closely related to perinatal hypoxia‐ischemia, a severe condition for developing brain. Cr supplementation (10 and 20 mM) completely prevented the viability decrease and neurite development impairment induced by radical attack, as well as nonprotein sulphydryl antioxidant pool depletion. Similar results were obtained using the antioxidant trolox. Furthermore, Cr supplementation induced a significant and dose‐dependent anticipation of Na+ and K+ current expression during the period of in vitro network building. Consistently with the latter finding, higher excitability, expressed as number of spikes following depolarization, was found in supplemented neuroblasts. All effects were dependent on the cytosolic fraction of Cr, as shown using a membrane Cr‐transporter blocker. Our results indicate that Cr protects differentiating neuroblasts against oxidative insults and, moreover, affects their in vitro electrophysiological maturation, suggesting possibly relevant effects of dietary Cr supplementation on developing CNS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abundance trends of American martens in Michigan based on statistical population reconstruction
Authors: Skalski John R. , Millspaugh Joshua J. , Clawson Michael V. , Belant Jerrold L. , Etter Dwayne R. , Frawley Brian J. , Friedrich Paul D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEstimating the dynamics of furbearer populations is challenging because their elusive behavior and low densities make observations difficult. Statistical population reconstruction is a flexible approach to demographic assessment for harvested populations, but the technique has not been applied to furbearers. We extended this approach to furbearers and analyzed 8 yr of age‐at‐harvest data for American marten (Martes americana) in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Marten abundance estimates showed a general downward trend from an estimate of${\hat {N}}$ = 1,733.3$(\widehat {{\rm SE}} = 861.3)$animals in 2000 to${\hat {N}}$ = 1,163.9$(\widehat {{\rm SE}} = 520.1)$in 2007. The harvest probability of martens increased nearly 5‐fold from 0.0542$(\widehat {{\rm SE}} = 0.0250)$in 2000 to 0.2637$(\widehat {{\rm SE}} = 0.1154)$in 2007, which corresponded to a 5‐fold increase in trap‐nights. Continued monitoring of martens in the Upper Peninsula, Michigan, and a reassessment of current harvest regulations are necessary given the estimated decreases. Moreover, we do not encourage the use of harvest indices as the sole technique to assess the status and trends of marten and fisher populations. Auxiliary studies in the Upper Peninsula, Michigan, will allow for continued use and improvement in the application of these models. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of selective harvest on antler size in white‐tailed deer: A modeling approach
Authors: Webb Stephen L. , Demarais Stephen , Strickland Bronson K. , DeYoung Randy W. , Kinghorn Brian P. , Gee Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSelective harvesting in wild deer (Odocoileus spp.) populations is a common practice that may influence antler size. However, in free‐ranging populations, response due to selection is unknown or difficult to quantify because antlers are influenced by nutrition and population demographics. We used quantitative genetic models to predict how white‐tailed deer (O. virginianus) antlers would respond to selection and what variables (i.e., population size, age structure, mating ratio, and heritability) most affected antler size. We validated our quantitative genetics program by comparing model results with a population of deer used for controlled breeding experiments; modeled antler points (AP) and score increased (2.2–4.3 AP and 48.5–97.7 cm, respectively) after 8 years of selection, similar to observed increases in AP (3.2) and score (92.3 cm) from the controlled population. In modeled free‐ranging populations, mating ratio, age structure, and heritability were more important in influencing antler size than size of the population. However, response to selection in free‐ranging populations was lower (0.1–0.9 AP) than controlled breeding populations even after 20 years of selection. These results show that selective harvesting of free‐ranging white‐tailed deer may be inefficient to change population‐level genetic characteristics related to antler size. Response of antlers in free‐ranging deer will be less than controlled populations, and possibly modeled free‐ranging simulations, because individual reproductive success of males is lower, breeding is done by a large group of males, and reproductive and survival rates are lower. These factors, and others, reduce the amount of improvement that can be made to antlers due to selection. Therefore, selective harvesting in free‐ranging populations should be justified for managing population demographics and dynamics, but not for changing the genetic characteristics of populations. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
An improved multi‐scale approach to modeling habitat occupancy of northern bobwhite
Authors: Duren Kenneth R. , Buler Jeffrey J. , Jones William , Williams Christopher K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPredicting species presence requires knowledge of detection of individuals, scale of model variables, model selection uncertainty, and spatial autocorrelation. Our objective was to incorporate recent modeling advances to predict potential habitat occupancy of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). From 15 May–15 August 2008 and 2009, we conducted repeat‐visit surveys at 360 sites within Delaware to sample presence of bobwhite. We randomly selected half the data to model scale‐dependent relationships of bobwhite presence with metrics of landscape‐ and site‐scale habitat composition and configuration. The final averaged habitat‐occupancy model fit the remainder testing dataset with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.62. At the site scale, bobwhite presence was negatively related to interspersion and juxtaposition of early successional habitat (ESH; grassland and shrubland), ESH to forest edge density, and agriculture to forest edge density, though relative effect sizes were weak to moderate after accounting for model selection uncertainty. At the landscape scale, bobwhite presence was negatively related to patch cohesion of human development within 2.5 km and positively related to patch cohesion of ESH within 2.0 km, with both variables exerting strong effects. Bobwhite presence was also weakly and positively related to percentage of shrubland habitat within 1.0 km of the sampling point. We applied our habitat occupancy model to map the predicted presence of breeding bobwhite within the Delmarva Peninsula, USA. The modeling results and distribution map will provide guidance to State and Federal private land management programs in the Mid‐Atlantic to identify where habitat management efforts will be most effective. Our methodology can also serve as a basis for future habitat modeling of bobwhite and other grassland–shrubland species across their range. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
GlobalView: building global view with log files in a distributed/networked system for accountability
Authors: Xiao Yang , Yue Songqing , Fu Bo , Ozdemir Suat 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn this work, we will illustrate our attempt to exploit log files that are recorded locally on each node in a distributed system or a wired/wireless network. In order to improve the efficiency of retrieving data, we propose the idea of building a global view of the system with a clustered log‐collecting scheme; this would help the monitoring node gain a whole view of the system by building up and maintaining high‐level log files. We also introduce an efficient, tamper‐evident scheme to detect whether a local flow‐net has been deliberately compromised. We provide both simulation results and implementation of the proposed scheme on Emulab, a network testbed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.