bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold of Tobacco in Guizhou Province of China
Authors: Wang H.-C. , Li W.-H. , Wang M.-S. , Chen Q.-Y. , Feng Y.-G. , Shi J.-X. 
Published: March 2011

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a leafy, annual, solanaceous plant grown commercially for its leaves. Guizhou Province produces more than 30% of the total Chinese tobacco crop. In July 2010, a disease was observed in a commercial field of 5-month-old N. tabacum plants in Bijie, Guizhou in southwestern China. Symptoms first appeared on the leaves as small spots that later increased in size and developed into expanded, dark brown lesions covered with green-gray spore masses. Lesions expanded rapidly under cool, humid conditions. Isolates of Botrytis cinerea were collected from diseased leaves with typical symptoms. Diseased leaf samples were washed with distilled water three times, placed in a moist chamber, and incubated at 25°C in darkness for 48 h to encourage sporulation. Spores produced on leaves were transferred to individual agar discs (5 mm in diameter) with an inoculating needle and then the agar discs were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Fungal colonies were at first colorless and later became gray to brown when the conidia differentiated. The size of conidia ranged from 5.0 to 9.5 × 6.5 to 12.5 μm (average 7.3 × 8.7 μm) based on 50 spore measurements. Microsclerotia produced in the culture were round or irregular and ranged from 1.2 to 3.0 × 1.0 to 2.5 mm (average 2.1 × 2.0 mm). The pathogen was identified as B. cinerea Pers.:Fr on the basis of morphology and sequence of ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 region of rDNA amplified by PCR using universal primers ITS-1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS-4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′). The sequence (GenBank Accession No. HQ902163) exactly matched the sequences of two Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph B. cinerea) accessions, (e.g., GenBank Accession Nos. HM849615.1 and HM849047.1). Koch's postulates were conducted by wound inoculating five tobacco leaves (cv. K326) after surface disinfesting them with 5% NaOCl. Plugs of the fungus (5 mm in diameter) obtained from the colony margins were transferred onto 3 × 3 mm wounds made with a needle on the surface of five sterilized leaves. Inoculated leaves were incubated at 25°C, 100 to 120 μE·m–2·s–1, relative humidity >80%, and 16 h light per day for disease development. Typical symptoms developed on leaves within 7 days after inoculation. The pathogen was reisolated from affected leaves but not from the noninoculated control leaves. Botrytis gray mold blight has been recorded on N. tabacum in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and northern China (1–3). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of Botrytis blight on N. tabacum in Guizhou Province of China and the disease must be considered in existing disease management practices. References: (1) W. Brian et al. Mol. Plant Pathol. 8:561, 2007. (2) A. G. Mcleod et al. N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci/Exp. Agric. 12:866, 1958. (3) Z. Y. Zhang. Page 37 in: Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 26. Science Press, Beijing, 2006.
First Report of a Brugmansia sp. Infected by Tomato apical stunt viroid in Belgium
Authors: Olivier T. , Demonty E. , Govers J. , Belkheir K. , Steyer S. , Jongen C. 
Published: March 2011

During a routine screening of ornamentals by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC) in Belgium, a pospiviroid was detected in a symptomless Brugmansia sp. (angel's trumpets) coming from the Netherlands. Detection was performed on a leaf sample by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, first using universal pospiviroid primer pair (2) VIR1/VIR2 and subsequently with semispecific primer pair (3) CEVd-FW/RE, to amplify the whole viroid genome. Amplicons of expected sizes (260 and 360 bp, respectively) were detected and the sequencing of the CEVd-FW/RE amplicon (GenBank Accession No. FN994891) revealed that the viroid from a Brugmansia sp. was a Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) showing 99.7% similarity with the Sj1 isolate found in Solanum jasminoides (GenBank Accession No. AM777161). Diluted-sap inoculation attempts on tomato from lyophilized material were unsuccessful in agreement with previous results obtained with a Brugmansia isolate of Potato spindle tuber viroid (4). TASVd is mentioned on the alert list of EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) because of the heavy yield losses it can induce in tomato, its asymptomatic presence on different ornamental plants (S. jasminoides, Lycianthes rantonnetii, and Streptosolen jamesonii), and its capacity to be transmitted by contact to different Solanaceae as well as by bumble bees to tomato (1). The contaminated plants found in the survey by FASFC have been destroyed to avoid accidental transmission to potato and tomato. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TASVd in a Brugmansia sp. References: (1) Y. Antignus et al. Plant Dis. 91:47, 2007. (2) R. A. Mumford et al. EPPO Bulletin 30:431, 2000. (3) N. Önelge. Turk. J. Agric. For. 21:419, 1997. (4) J. Th. J. Verhoeven. Ph.D. thesis. Wageningen University, Netherlands, 2010.
Exserohilum monoceras, Newly Reported on Late Watergrass in Turkey
Authors: Erper I. , Mennan H. , Budak U. , Kaya Altop E. 
Published: March 2011

Echinochloa species are major weeds in rice-cropping systems and are among the most noxious weeds in the world. Throughout the world, Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing, (late watergrass) is one of the most important and serious weed species of this genus. In September 2010, punctiform, purplish dark brown leaf spots were observed on leaves and sheaths of Echinochloa oryzicola in a rice field in Terme, Turkey (41°13.412′N, 36°56.248′E). Individual lesions ranged from 1 to 3 mm in diameter. Infected leaf and sheaths were surface disinfected for 1 min in 1% NaOCl, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C. Colonies of pure cultures on PDA turned to dark green colonies with increasing age. Conidia were 87 to 147 (120) × 15 to 21 (19) μm (n = 50), 6 to 10 pseudoseptate, straight or slightly curved, fusiform, tapering gradually toward the base, pale-to-dark straw colored, smooth, with a small protruding plenum-type hilum. The fungus was identified as Exserohilum monoceras (Drechsler) Leonard & Suggs based on its micromorphology and cultural features (1,2). Conidia were harvested from 3-week-old cultures grown on PDA by brushing the surface of the colonies with a small paint brush, suspending the conidia in sterile distilled water and filtering through cheesecloth for pathogenicity tests. Conidia were then diluted in sterile distilled water plus 0.1% polysorbate 20 to a concentration of 1 × 106 conidia/ml. Leaves and stems of Echinochloa oryzicola at the three-leaf stage were spray inoculated with 10 ml of this aqueous suspension per plant. Three inoculated plants and three noninoculated plants were placed in a dew chamber at 18 to 22°C with continuous dew, and after 48 h, plants were moved to a greenhouse bench. Symptoms, similar to those originally observed in the field, began to appear on the leaf and sheaths approximately 10 days later and E. monoceras was reisolated, successfully completing Koch's postulates. No symptoms developed on the control plants. E. monoceras has also been reported on Echinochloa oryzicola in Japan (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot on Echinochloa oryzicola caused by E. monoceras in Turkey where the fungus may have potential as a biological control agent. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kew, Surrey, England, 1971. (2) M. Sisterna and R. Bezus. Plant Dis. 85:803, 2001. (3) H. Tsukamoton et al. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 64:526, 1998.
Integrating comparative expression profiling data and association of SNPs with Salmonella shedding for improved food safety and porcine disease resistance
Authors: Uthe J. J. , Bearson S. M. D. , Qu L. , Dekkers J. C. , Nettleton D. , Rodriguez Torres Y. , O’Connor A. M. , McKean J. D. , Tuggle C. K. 
Published: March 2011

SummarySalmonella in swine is a major food safety problem, as the majority of US swine herds are Salmonella‐positive. Salmonella can be shed from colonized swine and contaminate (i) neighbouring pigs; (ii) slaughter plants and pork products; (iii) edible crops when swine manure is used as a fertilizer; and (iv) water supplies if manure used as crop fertilizer runs off into streams and waterways. A potentially powerful method of addressing pre‐harvest food safety at the farm level is through genetic improvement of disease resistance in animals. In this research, we describe a successful strategy for discovering genetic variation at candidate genes associated with disease resistance in pigs. This involves integrating our recent global gene expression analysis of the porcine response to Salmonella with information from the literature about important candidate genes. We identified single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these functional candidate genes and genotyped three independent pig populations that had data on Salmonella faecal shedding or internal burden (total n = 377) at these loci. Of 31 SNPs genotyped, 21 SNPs segregated in at least two populations with a minor allele frequency of 15% or greater. Statistical analysis revealed thirteen SNPs associated with Salmonella faecal shedding or tissue colonization, with an estimated proportion of false positives (PFP) ≤0.2. The genes with associated SNPs included GNG3, NCF2, TAP1, VCL, AMT, CCR1, CD163, CCT7, EMP1 and ACP2. These associations provide new information about the mechanisms of porcine host response to Salmonella and may be useful in improving genetic resistance to this bacterium.
Guidelines for the measurement of BCR‐ABL1 transcripts in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Foroni Letizia , Wilson Gill , Gerrard Gareth , Mason Joanne , Grimwade David , White Helen E. , de Castro David Gonzalez , Austin Stephen , Awan Abida , Burt Emma , Clench Tim , Farruggia Joanna , Hancock Jeremy , Irvine Alexandra E. , Kizilors Aytug , Langabeer Stephen , Milner Benedict J. , Nickless Guillermina , Schuh Anna , Sproul Anne , Wang Lihui , Wickham Caroline , Cross Nicholas C. P. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryMolecular testing for the BCR‐ABL1 fusion gene by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) is the most sensitive routine approach for monitoring the response to therapy of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. In the context of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, the technique is most appropriate for patients who have achieved complete cytogenetic remission and can be used to define specific therapeutic milestones. To achieve this effectively, standardization of the laboratory procedures and the interpretation of results are essential. We present here consensus best practice guidelines for RT‐qPCR testing, data interpretation and reporting that have been drawn up and agreed by a consortium of 21 testing laboratories in the United Kingdom and Ireland in accordance with the procedures of the UK Clinical Molecular Genetics Society.
Beliefs about responsibilities, the aims of therapy and the structure of the therapy process: a qualitative study of caseload management issues in child health occupational therapy
Authors: Kolehmainen N. , Francis J. J. , McKee L. , Duncan E. A. S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground  Individual therapists' behaviour contributes to overall caseload management in therapy services. Therapists' caseload management (i.e. actions in relation to assessment, treatment and discharging) is likely to relate to their beliefs about caseload management; it may be possible to change therapists' caseload management by changing their beliefs. This study explored children's occupational therapists' beliefs about caseload management with a view to designing a caseload management intervention.Methods  Twenty‐five therapists from six NHS Scotland Health Boards were interviewed using a semi‐structured format. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the interview transcripts were analysed for emerging themes. A proportion of transcripts were independently read and coded, and the themes were validated through critical discussion.Results  Key issues emerged concerning therapists' beliefs about their responsibilities, the aims of therapy and the structure of the therapy process. Therapists expressed a strong sense of professional duty/responsibility, but the interpretations of what this duty/responsibility was differed between therapists. For example, therapists expressed highly contrasting beliefs about the goals and purpose of therapy and the ways in which therapy processes should be structured. Some therapists promoted an approach structured around clients' goals, while others focused more on relationship building.Conclusions  Therapists' beliefs about caseload management differ considerably; these differences could translate to variation in therapists' intentions and behaviours. Implications for practice, policy and future research were identified, as were implications for the way clinicians' caseload management is theorized.
The association of preterm birth and small birthweight for gestational age on childhood disability screening using the Ten Questions Plus tool in rural Sarlahi district, southern Nepal
Authors: Wu L. A. , Katz J. , Mullany L. C. , Khatry S. K. , Darmstadt G. L. , LeClerq S. C. , Tielsch J. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractContext  The Ten Questions tool was developed in 1984 as a low‐cost, simple screen for childhood disability and referral for diagnosis in low‐resource settings, and its use in Nepal has not been previously evaluated. Preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction are potential risk factors for child disability and loss of developmental potential, but there are few studies examining this relationship from developing settings.Objective  To examine the associations of small for gestational age and preterm birth as predictors of Ten Questions Plus positivity.Design, setting and participants  The Ten Questions Plus questionnaire was administered to caregivers of 680 children between 2 and 5 years of age from August 2007 to March 2008 in rural Sarlahi, southern Nepal. Participants had previously been enrolled in a randomized trial of chlorhexidine cleansing at birth. At 1 month of age, children were then enrolled into a randomized 2 × 2 factorial trial of daily iron and zinc supplementation between October 2001 and January 2006.Intervention  None.Main outcome measure  Positive screen on the Ten Questions Plus tool defined as a positive response to one or more questions.Results  Of preterm children, 37 (33.6%) had a positive response to at least one question on the Ten Questions Plus and were considered at risk for disability. One hundred and seventy term children (29.8%) were at risk for disability.Conclusions  The Ten Questions Plus tool can be used in this rural Nepali setting to identify children at increased risk for mental and physical disability to be targeted for further examination. The prevalence of parent‐reported disabilities is high in this population (almost one‐third of children); children who are both preterm and small‐for‐gestational age are at increased risk for motor milestone delay, reported learning difficulty, speech and behavioural problems. Intrauterine growth restriction may affect child development and result in disabilities later in childhood.
Effects of heating method and conditions on the quality attributes of black mulberry (Morus nigra) juice concentrate
Authors: Hojjatpanah Ghazaleh , Fazaeli Mahboubeh , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra 
Published: March 2011

SummaryBlack mulberry juice was concentrated by different heating methods including conventional heating and microwave heating at different operational pressures (7.3, 38.5 and 100 kPa). The effects of each method of heating on the quality attributes of the concentrated juice were investigated. The final juice concentration of 42°Brix was achieved in 140, 120 and 95 min at 100, 38.5, and 7.3 kPa, respectively, by using a rotary evaporator. Applying microwave energy decreased the required times to 115, 95, and 60 min. The changes in anthocyanin, antioxidant, phenolic content, turbidity, pH value, and acidity during concentration were investigated. Results showed that the degradation of anthocyanins was more pronounced in rotary evaporation comparing to microwave heating method. The higher phenolic concentrations resulted in a smaller EC50 value, which corresponds to a higher antioxidant activity of the mulberry extract.
Identification of pork genome in commercial meat extracts for Halal authentication by SYBR green I real‐time PCR
Authors: Farrokhi Reza , Jafari Joozani Raziallah 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe identification of pork DNA in meat extracts is very important for Halal authentication and Muslim consumers demand protection from falsely labelled meat products. A pig‐specific SYBR green I real‐time PCR assay has been developed to address this issue. Using specific primers for pig mitochondrial DNA, successful amplification has been obtained by DNA extracted from control meat samples. With SYBR green I real‐time PCR, the specificity of the amplification was showed by Tm value. Detection limit of the real‐time PCR was down to 0.1 ng of porcine DNA. An appropriate linearity was obtained by construction of a standard curve based on Ct value and different concentrations of porcine DNA. By conventional PCR, no amplification was shown by porcine DNA less than 0.1 ng. The established method was conducted on commercially available meat extracts for detection and quantification of porcine DNA. The results showed the SYBR green I real‐time PCR could be considered a robust method for Halal authentication of meat extracts.
Investigation of the aroma impact volatiles in Turkish pine honey samples produced in Marmaris, Datça and Fethiye regions by SPME/GC/MS technique
Authors: Bayraktar Dilek , Onoğur Tomris Altuğ 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe aroma impact volatiles of twenty‐four pine honey samples produced in Marmaris, Datça and Fethiye regions of Turkey were evaluated by solid phase micro extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (MS) technique and the results were evaluated by using the analysis of variance and Duncan tests. A total of eight common volatiles nonanal, nonanol, decanal, octanal, 16‐oxosalutaridine, dodecanal, nonadecane and pentadecane were detected in three regions. The total area of the common volatiles were 73.01%, 78.10% and 73.91% in Marmaris, Datça, and Fethiye regions, respectively. There were not significant differences (P < 0.05) between the common volatiles detected in pine honey samples from three different regions. The major contributers to the pine honey aroma seems to be nonanal (aldehyde, citrus, fatty, floral, green, piny), nonanol (green, sweet, oily), decanal (soap, orange peel, tallow), and octanal (fat, soap, lemon, green). Nonanal seems to be the principal volatile component in all samples having average values of 46.82% in Marmaris, 51.67% in Datça and 48.63% in Fethiye regions.
Contextual factors influencing success or failure of emergency department interventions for cognitively impaired older people: a scoping and integrative review
Authors: Parke Belinda , Beaith Amy , Slater Linda , Clarke Alexander M. 
Published: March 2011

parke b., beaith a., slater l. & clarke a.m. (2011) Contextual factors influencing success or failure of emergency department interventions for cognitively impaired older people: a scoping and integrative review.Journal of Advanced Nursing67(7), 1426–1448.AbstractAim. This paper is a report of a scoping review of research on cognitive impairment in older adults who visit Emergency Departments of acute care hospitals, followed by an integrative review that included a quality assessment to determine the effectiveness of interventions for this population.Background. Being old and cognitively impaired in the Emergency Department – a fast‐paced intervention system – is a complex phenomenon that challenges many healthcare professionals. The rise in the incidence and prevalence of dementia will have a large impact on healthcare systems.Data sources. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, AgeLine, Abstracts in Social Gerontology, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar between 1990 and 2008, for qualitative or quantitative studies reporting extractable data on delirium or dementia in non‐institutionalized older people (65+ years) in the Emergency Department.Review methods. Titles screened by a project researcher and checked against inclusion criteria by another researcher. Two reviewers completed independent data extraction and synthesis of included studies. Quality assessment occurred using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tools.Results. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for integrative review. Analysis of these studies indicates that the prevalence of cognitive impairment is high and improvements are needed. Contextual details and relevant features of an appropriate intervention are poorly explained.Conclusion. Although the prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment is recognized, appropriate interventions and programmatic responses remain elusive. Quality improvements require more thorough examination of emergency department context to identify modifiable influencing factors that are transferable across settings.
Survey estimates of fishable biomass following a mass mortality in an Australian molluscan fishery
Authors: Mayfield S , McGarvey R , Gorfine H K , Peeters H , Burch P , Sharma S 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMass mortality events are relatively uncommon in commercially fished populations, but when they occur, they reduce production and degrade ecosystems. Observing and documenting mass mortalities is simpler than quantifying the impact on stocks, monitoring or predicting recovery, and re‐establishing commercial fishing. Direct survey measures of abundance, distribution and harvestable biomass provide the most tenable approach to informing decisions about future harvests in cases where stock collapses have occurred because conventional methods have been disrupted and are less applicable. Abalone viral ganglioneuritis (AVG) has resulted in high levels of mortality across all length classes of blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra Leach, off western Victoria, Australia, since May 2006. Commercial catches in this previously valuable fishery were reduced substantially. This paper describes the integration of research surveys with commercial fishermen’s knowledge to estimate the biomass of abalone on AVG‐impacted reefs. Experienced commercial abalone divers provided credible information on the precise locations of historical fishing grounds within which fishery‐independent surveys were undertaken. Abalone density estimates remained low relative to pre‐AVG levels, and total biomass estimates were similar to historical annual catch levels, indicating that the abalone populations have yet to adequately recover. Survey biomass estimates were incorporated into harvest decision tables and used with prior accumulated knowledge of the populations to determine a conservative harvest strategy for the fishery.