bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhaled nitric oxide decreases after positive food‐allergen challenge
Authors: Benhamou Avigael H , Koehli Alice , Rochat Isabelle , Inci Demet , Moeller Alexander , Taramarcaz Philip , Lauener Roger P , Eigenmann Philippe A 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundExhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a well described marker of airway inflammation in asthma and is also known to increase after chronic exposure to inhaled allergens. It is not known whether monitoring FeNO could be useful during food challenges to detect early or subclinical reactions.MethodsForty children aged 3 to 16 years undergoing an allergen‐food challenge at two centres were prospectively recruited for this study. FeNO was assessed before and repeatedly after the food‐challenge.ResultsData were obtained from a total of 53 challenges (16 positive, 37 negative) and were compared between the two groups. Half of the patients with a positive food challenge exhibited clinical upper respiratory symptoms. The FeNO significantly decreased in 7 of 16 patients with a positive challenge test within 60 to 90 minutes after the first symptoms of an allergic reaction.ConclusionOur results show a significant decrease in FeNO after a positive food challenge suggesting involvement of the lower airways despite absence of clinical and functional changes of lower airways. Prospective blinded studies are needed to confirm these results.
Twenty Predictions About the Future of Residential Services in Mental Retardation
Authors: Wolfensberger Wolf 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Twenty predictions about the future of residential services to the mentally retarded are presented. These changes imply: (1) an entirely new model of residential services; (2) increasing continuity between residential and nonresidential services; and (3) increasing acceptance of cost-benefit rationales in the decision to offer residential or other services.
Will There Always Be an Institution? II: The Impact of New Service Models—Residential Alternatives to Institutions
Authors: Wolfensberger Wolf 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this two-part series of articles, it is predicted that institutions will be phased out because of five trends: development of nonresidential community services; new conceptualizations of and attitudes toward residential services: increased usage of individual rather than group residential placements; provision of small, specialized group residences; and a decline in the incidence and prevalence of severe and profound retardation due to reduction in the birthrate of high risk groups, improvement of health services for the population generally and for high risk groups specifically, increased practice of abortion, general environmental betterment, and early childhood education. In this (second) part, the impact of the developing new service model upon the institution is discussed.
Behavioral Intervention for Problem Behavior in Children With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Moskowitz Lauren J , Carr Edward G , Durand V. Mark 
Published: November 2011

AbstractParents and professionals typically report problem behavior as a significant concern for children with fragile X syndrome. In the present study, the authors explored whether behaviorally based interventions would result in a reduction in problem behavior and an improvement in quality of life for 3 children with fragile X syndrome and their families. A multiple baseline design was used to demonstrate intervention effects for specific high-priority contexts (i.e., bedtime, running errands, and toileting). A multicomponent intervention plan was developed to teach the parents and child to effectively cope with the particular context. After intervention, there were substantial improvements in problem behavior and family quality of life within the given contexts. Results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of behavioral intervention for children with fragile X syndrome.
Identification of biochemical differences between the sapwood and transition zone in Robinia pseudoacacia L. by differential display of proteins
Authors: De Filippis Luigi , Magel Elisabeth 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The predominant proteins and enzymes in the sapwood and transition zones of Robinia pseudoacacia L. were identified and expressed by two methods: 2D SDS-PAGE (two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Large differences in the amount of proteins extracted were observed between the bark, sapwood and transition zones. Soluble proteins strongly expressed in sapwood have been identified, and the results interpreted to mean that these proteins are responsible for carbohydrate metabolism and flavonoid turnover. By contrast, proteins strongly expressed in the transition zone are mainly responsible for flavonoid biosynthesis. Lectins were found in protein fractions of both sapwood and the transition zone, and heat-stress proteins were detected only in the transition zone. The results are a further proof that flavonoids are synthesised directly at the transition zone between sapwood and heartwood, and that materials deposited in the sapwood are the source for synthesis of metabolites in heartwood, such as flavonoids and tannins.
Evaluation of radiographic, computed tomographic, and cadaveric anatomy of the head of boa constrictors
Authors: Banzato Tommaso , Russo Elisa , Di Toma Anna , Palmisano Giuseppe , Zotti Alessandro 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the radiographic, computed tomographic (CT), and cadaveric anatomy of the head of boa constrictors.
Animals—4 Boa constrictor imperator cadavers.
Procedures—Cadavers weighed 3.4 to 5.6 kg and had a body length ranging from 189 to 221 cm. Radiographic and CT images were obtained with a high-detail screen-film combination, and conventional CT was performed with a slice thickness of 1.5 mm. Radiographic images were obtained in ventrodorsal, dorsoventral, and left and right laterolateral recumbency; CT images were obtained with the animals positioned in ventral recumbency directly laying on a plastic support. At the end of the radiographic and CT imaging session, 2 heads were sectioned following a stratigraphic approach; the other 2, carefully maintained in the same position on the plastic support, were moved into a freezer (−20°C) until completely frozen and then sectioned into 3-mm slices, respecting the imaging protocol. The frozen sections were cleaned and then photographed on each side. Anatomic structures were identified and labeled on gross anatomic images and on the corresponding CT or radiographic image with the aid of available literature.
Results—Radiographic and CT images provided high detail for visualization of bony structures; soft tissues were not easily identified on radiographic and CT images.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results provide an atlas of stratigraphic and cross-sectional gross anatomy and radiographic and CT anatomy of the heads of boa constrictors that might be useful in the interpretation of any imaging modality in this species.
Les sources statistiques d'études sur les immigrés en France
Authors: Thave Suzanne 
Published: November 2011

La définition de l'immigré retenue par le Haut Conseil à l'intégration en 1990 désigne comme tel «quelqu'un né à l'étranger, résidant en France», donc défini par son lieu de naissance et sa nationalité actuelle ou antérieure.
Ont été récensées neuf sources principales de fichiers détenus par I'insee où figurent simultanément ces deux variables et qui permettent donc des études sur les immigrés. Les sources sont présentées sous forme de fiches avec une description de l'enquête, de son but et de son champ d'application, des variables d'analyse liées aux immigrés. Les références de la documentation de chacune ainsi que les bibliographies des études faites ou en cours sont indiquées. Le moyen général d'accéder à ces diverses sources est décrit en début de note, les cas particuliers sont signalés sur les fiches en question.
Femmes antillaises outre-mer
Authors: Marie Claude-Valentin 
Published: November 2011

Essentielle dans l'organisation des sociétés antillaises, la contribution des femmes ne l'est pas moins dans l'immigration, où elles sont aujourd'hui majoritaires. Les Antillaises ont, plus encore que les métropolitaines, intégré les mutations du monde moderne et investi massivement le marché du travail. Cela est encore plus vrai pour celles installées dans l'hexagone. En mars 1990, on comptait presque autant d'Antillaises actives en France (76 116) que de femmes actives en Guadeloupe (78 493) ou en Martinique (78 324).
La crise explique certainement le besoin d'activité accru de ces femmes, principalement de celles durablement installées en métropole et qui étaient jusqu'alors inactives ou qui s'étaient retirées du marché du travail. Chez les jeunes encore aux Antilles, en revanche, les difficultés économiques ont découragé d'éventuels départs : en Guadeloupe comme en Martinique, les 15-29 ans se mettent en position d'attente, avec pour conséquence, dans les deux îles, le maintien à un niveau très élevé (57-58 %) du taux de chômage de cette tranche d'âge. A 98 %, les Antillaises ayant un emploi en métropole sont salariées ; à 93 % elles le sont dans les services, en majorité comme agents du service public. Cette spécificité explique en partie que les Antillaises en France soient un peu moins touchées par le chômage que les métropolitaines (13 contre 14,6 %).
Dans le domaine familial, avec des familles souvent de type monoparental, elles ont également anticipé les mutations du monde moderne. En 1990, 28 % des familles antillaises installées en métropole étaient composées d'une femme assurant seule la charge des enfants, soit trois fois plus que la moyenne nationale.
Par ailleurs, la probabilité à terme de fonder une union durable est nettement plus faible que pour les métropolitaines. On retrouve là une situation proche de celle vécue aux Antilles, où la solitude des femmes face au poids de l'éducation des enfants est une réalité à la fois plus répandue et plus durable. Les schémas de socialisation selon lesquels s'organise la vie de ces femmes sont donc ceux des Antilles et non de métropole.
Normal and Abnormal Early Pregnancy
Authors: Monni Giovanni , Honemeyer Ulrich 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
The first trimester, mostly defined as the first 100 days of pregnancy, is characterized by many important landmarks heralding the ultimate outcome of pregnancy. Woman becomes aware of her pregnancy after missing her period, being already two weeks postconception at that time. A positive pregnancy test opens Pandora's Box, raising more questions than giving answers. Although a positive pregnancy test most likely suggests an intrauterine pregnancy, production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) occurs as well in tumors (dysgerminoma, choriocarcinoma) or maldeveloped pregnancies, such as ectopic pregnancy, blighted ovum or mola hydatidosa. Other early pregnancy complications and failures, like subchorionic hematoma, missed abortion, incomplete miscarriage, retained products of conception, are likely to be accompanied by clinical symptoms such as lower abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding, and suboptimal beta hCG serum levels. Transvaginal ultrasound probes with frequencies of up to 14 MHz have lowered the threshold for US-detection of intrauterine pregnancy to 1200 mIu/ml beta hCG/serum (discriminatory zone), and enable identification of all above-mentioned 1st trimester pregnancy disorders earlier than ever before. Furthermore, the additional interrogation of the region of interest (ROI) with color Doppler (CD) and pulsed-wave Doppler (PW) supplies important information about characteristics of vascularization and flow indices, which assists in further differentiation and prognosis of abnormal early pregnancy findings. With the introduction of transvaginal three-dimensional (3D) sonography, and real-time 3D ultrasound (4D), in vivo studies of the early fetal life became possible. The developmental progress of the embryo and early fetus, its anatomy, and first movement patterns, have been explored by means of ultrasonic 3- and 4D imaging, which can be considered as nonteratogenic as long as investigators adhere to certain safety rules. The new field of sonoembryology has emerged, and researchers are penetrating the mists hiding the beginning of human life. Another area of remarkable expansion has been the 1st trimester scan between 11 and 13/6 weeks of gestation. It includes not only the early diagnose of fetal structural anomalies, like acranius-anencephalus sequence, and the screening for fetal aneuploidies such as trisomia 21,18 and 13, but also offers likelihood ratios for hypertensive pregnancy disorders (pre-eclampsia) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
Contending with Violent Words; or, The Afterthought of (In)Civility
Authors: Doxtader Erik 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe aftermath brings a rush of words, a silencing onslaught of pious accusations and diagnostic promises, a host of conflicting remedies that profess to combat the tragedy of dangerous expression. In Walter Benjamin’s estimation, this storm of self-proclaimed progress was self-defeating. For now, for a moment that defies fate’s necessity and refuses mythic redemption, the critique of violence hinges on the question of language as such, an experience of the word’s lament as it falls into our grasp at the cost of discovery.
Electroaddressing Functionalized Polysaccharides as Model Biofilms for Interrogating Cell Signaling
Authors: Cheng Yi , Tsao Chen‐Yu , Wu Hsuan‐Chen , Luo Xiaolong , Terrell Jessica L. , Betz Jordan , Payne Gregory F. , Bentley William E. , Rubloff Gary W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBacteria often reside at surfaces as complex biofilms in which an exopolysaccharide matrix entraps the population while allowing access to its chemical environment. There is a growing awareness that the biofilm structure and activity are integral to a wide array of properties important to health (the microbiome), disease (drug resistance) and technology (fouling). Despite the importance of bacterial biofilms, few experimental platforms and systems are available to assemble complex populations and monitor their activities. Here, a functionalized alginate composite material for creating in vitro model biofilms suitable for cell‐cell signaling studies by entrapping bacterial cells in situ is reported. Biofilm assembly is achieved using device‐imposed electrical signals to electrodeposit the stimuli‐responsive polysaccharide alginate. This electrodeposition mechanism is versatile in that it allows control of the bacterial population density and distribution. For instance, it is demonstrated that a mixed population can be homogeneously distributed throughout the biofilm or can be assembled as spatially segregated populations within a stratified biofilm. The “electroaddressable” biofilms are visualized using both a planar 2D chip with patterned electrodes and a microfluidic bioMEMS device with sidewall electrodes. Specifically, it is observed that bacteria entrapped within the model biofilm recognize and respond to chemical stimuli imposed from the fluidic environment. Finally, reporter cells are used to demonstrate that bacteria entrapped within this model biofilm engage in intercellular quorum sensing. This work demonstrates the functionality of the stimuli‐responsive polysaccharide by biofabricating pseudo‐3D cell‐gel biocomposites, mimicking the formation of biofilms, for interrogating phenotypes of E. coli bacterial populations. In addition to controlling assembly, the microfluidic device allows the biofilm to be monitored through the fluorescence methods commonly used in biological research. This platform technology should be able to be exploited for monitoring biofilm development, as well as for extending the understanding of the interactions between various bacterial species arranged in controlled patterns.
Wolfgang und Annika Moll: Schallschutz im Wohnungsbau. Gütekriterien, Möglichkeiten, Konstruktionen – eine Auseinandersetzung von H.‐M. Fischer
Authors: Fischer Heinz‐Martin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBei Ernst & Sohn haben Moll und Tochter ein Buch veröffentlicht: Moll, W., Moll, A.: Schallschutz im Wohnungsbau. Gütekriterien, Möglichkeiten, Konstruktionen. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn, 2011. XVI, 140 S., 53 Abb. 17 ∞24 cm. Geb. ISBN 978‐3‐433‐02936‐7. € 59,00.Wolfgang Moll muss in den Kreisen der Bauakustik nicht vorgestellt werden. Er gehört zum “Urgestein“ dieses Fachgebietes. Seit über 50 Jahren ist er bis heute prägend in der bauakustischen Normung tätig. Dafür wurde ihm vom Deutschen Institut für Normung im letzten Jahr die DIN‐Ehrennadel verliehen. Er ist so etwas wie das “Gedächtnis der bauakustischen Normung“. Stets ist er sich in seinem Buch der Vorgeschichte bewusst und kann das auch vermitteln, ohne belehrend sein zu wollen. Das ist auch eine besondere Stärke dieses Buches, gerade in den heutigen schnelllebigen Zeiten, wo oft schon morgen nicht mehr zählt, was heute gesagt und getan wurde. Das ist Wolfgang Molls Sache nicht. Seine Kontinuität und Beharrlichkeit in den Dingen, von denen er überzeugt ist, ist beinahe schon legendär. Wer nun aber erwartet, dass er in seinem Buch Rückschau hält, hat sich getäuscht. Das Anliegen, das er vermitteln möchte, ist in die Zukunft gerichtet. Es will weitergetragen werden. So ist es nur konsequent, dass er für dieses Buch seine Tochter Annika Moll, gelernte Architektin und inzwischen Gesellschafterin und Prokuristin des Akustik‐Ingenieurbüros Moll, “mit ins Boot“ geholt hat. Gemeinsam steuern sie das Ziel eines guten und realisierbaren baulichen Schallschutzes an und scheuen sich auch nicht vor den Riffen und Untiefen des Terrains.
Effects of rearing conditions on early visual development in common marmosets
Authors: Izumi Akihiro , Tsuchida Junko , Yamaguchi Chieko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEarly development of visual behavior was examined in hand‐reared (HR) and parentally reared (PR) common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). On the day of birth, most of the marmosets exhibited sensitivity to light and sound: they closed their eyes in response to light and oriented to the sound sources. The behavior of tracking moving visual stimuli was exhibited at around 10 days postnatally in PR marmosets, but the onset of this behavior was delayed to the age of 16 days in HR marmosets. The delay occurred possibly because of the poor input of optical flow under the HR environment. The onset age of head‐cocking was about 2 weeks in both groups of marmosets, and the HR marmosets began head‐cocking and visual tracking simultaneously. Both groups of marmosets exhibited sensitivity to optical approach at the age of around 30 days: the age to wean and increase independent locomotion. The results suggested that the onset of motion perception preceded detailed shape and depth perception in marmosets, and the developmental sequence in marmosets was similar to those in humans and macaque monkeys. Marmosets appear to be useful animal models to examine environmental effects on early visual development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 700–705, 2012.
Evaluation of the brain and kidney renin‐angiotensin system and oxidative stress in neonatal handled rats
Authors: Rodriguez Daniela L. , de Mesquita Fernanda C. , Attolini Débora , de Borba Bruna S. , Scherer Patrícia S. , Almeida Priscilla H. , da Costa Vinícius L. , Scherer Bárbara S. , Schmitt Virgínia M. , de Oliveira Jarbas R. , Donadio Márcio V.F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) components, as well as the oxidative stress system, would respond to early environmental changes. Thus, we have evaluated the effects of neonatal handling on both brain and kidney RAS and oxidative stress. Pups were divided into two groups: nonhandled and handled. The procedure consisted of handling them for 1 min/day in the first 10 days of life. On days 1, 5, and 10, animals were killed by decapitation. Blood samples were collected and the brain and kidneys were removed. Renin, AT1, and AT2 mRNA expression were evaluated through RT‐PCR. Angiotensin II (ANG II) serum concentration was also measured. An increased ANG II concentration, brain and kidney AT2 mRNA expression were demonstrated. The kidney mRNA AT1 expression was decreased. There was also a kidney lipid peroxidation increase and a brain superoxide dismutase and catalase decrease. In conclusion, handling in the neonatal period induces the activation of the angiotensinergic system, as well as modulates its mRNA receptor expression. The oxidative stress balance system seems not to be involved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 706–713, 2012.
Activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis of brain correlates of placebo analgesia in human experimental pain
Authors: Amanzio Martina , Benedetti Fabrizio , Porro Carlo A. , Palermo Sara , Cauda Franco 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPlacebo analgesia (PA) is one of the most studied placebo effects. Brain imaging studies published over the last decade, using either positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), suggest that multiple brain regions may play a pivotal role in this process. However, there continues to be much debate as to which areas consistently contribute to placebo analgesia‐related networks. In the present study, we used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis, a state‐of‐the‐art approach, to search for the cortical areas involved in PA in human experimental pain models. Nine fMRI studies and two PET studies investigating cerebral hemodynamic changes were included in the analysis. During expectation of analgesia, activated foci were found in the left anterior cingulate, right precentral, and lateral prefrontal cortex and in the left periaqueductal gray (PAG). During noxious stimulation, placebo‐related activations were detected in the anterior cingulate and medial and lateral prefrontal cortices, in the left inferior parietal lobule and postcentral gyrus, anterior insula, thalamus, hypothalamus, PAG, and pons; deactivations were found in the left mid‐ and posterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal and precentral gyri, in the left anterior and right posterior insula, in the claustrum and putamen, and in the right thalamus and caudate body. Our results suggest on one hand that the modulatory cortical networks involved in PA largely overlap those involved in the regulation of emotional processes, on the other that brain nociceptive networks are downregulated in parallel with behavioral analgesia. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.