bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vector Analysis of Cross Cylinder LASIK With the NIDEK EC-5000 Excimer Laser for High Astigmatism
Authors: Abolhassani Abbas , Shojaei Ahmad , Baradaran-Rafiee Ali Reza , Eslani Medi , Elahi Behzad , Noorizadeh Farsad 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To evaluate visual outcomes of LASIK in eyes with high astigmatic refractive errors with low spherical component.

Methods:

We prospectively evaluated cross cylinder LASIK in patients with high astigmatic eyes with low spherical component over a 2-year period. All laser surgeries were performed with the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser. We used power vectors (M [spherical equivalent] and J
0,
and J
45
[cylinder]) to analyze the astigmatic results. Main outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction, and complications.

Results:

Thirty-four eyes of 22 patients were included. Patients were followed for 21.8±3.7 months. At the last examination, UCVA of 20/40 or better was observed in 33 (97.1%) eyes. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity after LASIK improved significantly in comparison to BSCVA before surgery (
P
<.005). Mean preoperative cylinder was −4.73±0.89 diopters (D) (range: −4.00 to −7.00 D), which decreased to −0.29±0.47 D (range: 0.00 to −1.50 D) at last follow-up (
P
<.001). Reduction in the magnitude of power vectors was 92.4% for M, 103.2% for J
0
, and 76.4% for J
45
. No cases of postoperative astigmatic regression or corneal haze were observed.

Conclusions:
Cross cylinder LASIK with the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser is a successful procedure for correcting high astigmatism and improving vision.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:1075–1082.]
THE BIOLOGY AND PHEROMONE-BASED MONITORING OF THE DRIEDFRUIT MOTH, VITULA EDMANDSAE SERRATILINEELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Scott Cynthia D. , Winston M. L. , Slessor K. N. , King G. G. S. , Grant G. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn western Canada, three wax-infesting moth species are serious pests of honey bee products, Vitula edmandsae serratilineella Ragonot, Achroia grisella (F.), and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). The latter two species are found only in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia, while the driedfruit moth (sometimes called the bumble bee wax moth), V. edmandsae, is found throughout western Canada.Three female-produced pheromone components of V. edmandsae were identified as (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, and field tested. Pheromone baits were used in traps outdoors and in bee equipment storage facilities in the Fraser and Okanagan valleys of British Columbia. The peak indoor trapping period occurred during May in the Okanagan Valley, while catches in indoor traps in the Fraser Valley were negligible throughout the entire trapping period. Catches in outdoor traps peaked during July in both regions. Traps baited with (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, alone or in binary combination with (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, were significantly more attractive to male V. edmandsae than all other treatments tested. At one apiary, cumulative moth catch from a trap line 1.0 m from hives was significantly greater than that from a trap line 4.5 m away. The results suggest that a pheromone-based monitoring and control program for V. edmandsae is feasible.
SPATIAL DISPERSION AND SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING OF THE POTATO APHID, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON PROCESSING-TOMATOES IN OHIO
Authors: Walker Gregory P. , Madden Laurence V. , Simonet Donald E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpatial dispersion of potato aphids was studied in fields of processing-tomatoes for 2 years to develop a sequential sampling scheme for the aphid. Potato aphids were found on upper, middle, and lower leaf strata in the percentages 60, 31, and 8. Dispersion was clumped, apterates more so than alates. Among-plant variance was generally greater than within-plant variance. There was a good linear relationship between mean crowding and the population mean and an excellent linear fit between log variance and log mean on all leaf strata for green and pink forms of the aphid and for alates and apterates. The log variance – log mean relationship was used as a basis for sequential sampling.
EFFECT OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON POST-DIAPAUSE EMERGENCE AND SURVIVAL OF SPRUCE BUDWORM LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Lucuik G. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEarlier attempts to correlate spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), outbreaks and weather conditions were usually carried out by comparing seasonal data and spruce budworm outbreak development in broad terms: it was found that warm, dry weather favored outbreak development, while cool, wet weather retarded development. In this paper, laboratory experiments and historical data are examined to determine the effect of temperature and precipitation on second-instar larvae, just prior to and after spring emergence. Results tend to show that prolonged rain and freezing temperatures during and shortly after emergence are detrimental and may, in some cases, have a profound impact on outbreak development.
RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF SIX PYRETHROID AND TWO ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS INSECTICIDES ON SOIL SURFACE AGAINST DARKSIDED CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON TOBACCO IN ONTARIO
Authors: Cheng H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSix pyrethroids, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate and permethrin, and two organophosphorous insecticides, acephate and chlorpyrifos, were applied to the soil surface in the greenhouse and field to evaluate their effectiveness and residual toxicity against the darksided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), in Ontario.Four years of tests indicated that the pyrethroid insecticides were consistently similar in effectiveness and residual toxicity at the rates applied. On air-dry soil surfaces in the greenhouse, the pyrethroids were significantly more toxic and persistent than was chlorpyrifos. On moderately moist soil surfaces in the field, chlorpyrifos was as toxic to the cutworm larvae as were the pyrethroid insecticides, but less persistent. None of the pyrethroids was affected by soil moisture to the same extent as was chlorpyrifos. Acephate-treated soil surfaces, regardless of indoor or outdoor conditions, were less toxic and the toxicity less persistent than with chlorpyrifos-treated soil. Although not statistically different, the high rates of pyrethroids were consistently more toxic and persistent to the cutworm larvae than the low rates of the same materials. All the pyrethroid insecticides have excellent potential as soil treatments for controlling cutworms on tobacco.
CAPTURE OF BLUEBERRY MAGGOT ADULTS, RHAGOLETIS MENDAX (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), ON PHEROCON® AM TRAPS AND ON TARTAR RED DARK STICKY SPHERES IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY FIELDS
Authors: Neilson W. T. A. , Knowlton A. D. , Fuller M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of the blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran, were captured on Pherocon® AM traps and on 8.5 cm tartar red dark sticky spheres from early July to mid-August in lowbush blueberry fields. Spheres captured significantly more (P < 0.05) adults than Pherocon AM traps deployed vertically and at 45 °angles, but did not capture significantly more adults than Pherocon traps deployed above the plants. Immature females were captured more frequently on Pherocon traps whereas mature females and males were captured more frequently on spheres.The use of either type of trap to monitor adult prevalence to determine the time and need for control treatments appears feasible, but will require further study to provide reliable indexes of adult populations for predicting the need for treatments.
PREDICTING THE TIME OF HATCH OF THE STRAWBERRY APHID, CHAETOSIPHON FRAGAEFOLII (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Frazer B.D. , Raworth D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe rate of hatch of overwintered eggs of the strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), at five temperatures in controlled environment chambers was used to determine the thermal threshold of development. Samples of eggs were taken from two field locations several times before hatch. These samples were subdivided and placed into two or three different constant temperature chambers. The day-degree requirements for hatching from the time of collection were estimated. These estimates corresponded to the number of day-degrees actually accumulated in the field between the time of egg collection and the time of hatching.This method of simulating the effect of temperature on egg development was an accurate method of predicting the time of hatch in the field at least 3 weeks prior to the observed time.
LABORATORY STUDIES OF RADIATION-INDUCED STERILITY ON THE ONION MAGGOT, DELIA ANTIQUA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)
Authors: McEwen F. L. , Ritcey G. , Liu H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA dose of 4 krad was the most appropriate for sterilizing pupae of Delia antiqua (Meigen) for field release: adult emergence was not reduced, emerging female flies were sterile, and the eggs produced by normal females which had mated with males irradiated as pupae had a lower hatch than those resulting from matings with normal males. Males irradiated as 6- to 8-day-old pupae were fully competitive under laboratory conditions. Continuous scrutiny of laboratory cultures to detect reduction in adult emergence or reduced competitiveness of males is stressed.
BIONOMICS OF PLATYLYGUS LURIDUS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) IN WISCONSIN JACK PINE SEED ORCHARDS
Authors: Rauf Aunu , Benjamin D. M. , Cecich R. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPlatylygus luridus (Reuter) causes conelet abortion and reduces seed production in jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb., seed orchards in northern Wisconsin. One generation a year occurs and the insect overwinters as an egg that hatches during late May. The nymphs pass through 5 instars within 5 to 6 weeks. Adults were abundant during July and early August 1982. Eggs were laid singly within the phloem tissues of current year's shoots just below the bases of needle fascicles. The nymphs fed predominantly on the tender tissues of shoots or needles. The adults preferred to feed on ovules in the conelets, and conelet abortion resulted. About 74% of the total abortion occurred during adult feeding periods. Conditions favoring P. luridus population increases in the jack pine seed orchards included: densely planted seed orchards on high fertility sites; trees 6 to 10 years old with closed crowns or in shade; vigorously growing trees that were well watered and fertilized. Natural enemies included predators Deraeocoris albigulus, D. (possibly) laricicola, Evarcha nr. hoyi, and Misumenops asperatus.
EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TIME TO BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ON MORTALITY AND RECOVERY OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Fast Paul G. , Régnière Jacques 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpruce budworm larvae were subjected to bioassay with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to study the effects of exposure time and assay period on mortality, as well as on the possibility of recovery after a feeding-inhibitory dose. At all concentrations cumulative mortality increased until about day 10 of the assay. Extension of the exposure period from 1 day to continuous (equivalent to a 6 day exposure), resulted in a 500-fold reduction in LC50 (increase in potency) and an equivalent reduction in LT50. Some larvae recover if allowed to feed on diet without Bt even after exposure for 4 days to a very high concentration of Bt. The growth rate of recovered larvae is normal, but the time required for normal growth to resume varies with dose and exposure duration. Equations expressing the effect of exposure duration and dose on mortality and recovery period are presented. The implications of these findings for control of spruce budworm are discussed.
SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF THE SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE, SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), AND ASSOCIATES IN GEORGIA
Authors: Hanula James L. , Berisford C. Wayne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe smaller European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), had three distinct periods of adult flight annually in Georgia. Adults of the associated native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes Eichhoff, were trapped on elm logs during only one period in the spring, but some adults were reared from infested bolts in the fall. Seasonal abundance of the S. multistriatus parasite Spathius benefactor Matthews (Braconidae) showed little temporal relationship to its host. However, Entedon leucogramma Ratzeburg (Eulophidae) emergence was highly synchronized with S. multistriatus emergence. Scolytus multistriatus overwintered as fully developed larvae as in other parts of its range.
FIELD RELEASES OF TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) FOR SUPPRESSION OF EPIDEMIC SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), EGG POPULATIONS IN MAINE
Authors: Houseweart Mark W. , Jennings Daniel T. , Lawrence Robert K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTrichogramma minutum Riley was released in the field for suppression of epidemic spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), egg populations in Maine from 1977 to 1981. Commercially reared California-strain T. minutum were released from the ground at single-point sources in 1977. In 1978, using 4-point-source releases, we found that the native Maine-strain performed better than the California strain. In 1979, broadcast and multiple releases from the ground gave slight improvement in parasitism over 4-point releases. In 1981, three closely timed, aerially broadcast releases from a helicopter yielded increases in parasitism rates significantly higher than those in control plots, but not sufficient to suppress epidemic spruce budworm populations. Important variables and suggestions for future aerial releases are discussed.
HOST RANGE OFLEMA CYANELLA(COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR BIOCONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE, AND OF FOUR STENOPHAGOUS, FOREIGN THISTLE INSECTS IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Peschken D. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the field in Europe,Lenta cyanella(L.) has been reported to breed only on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.) whereas in the laboratory it breeds on species in the generaCirsium,Carduus, andSilybum. In one laboratory choice test,L. cyanellapreferredCirsium drummondiiT.&G. over Canada thistle. In one field-cage test, it concentrated feeding and oviposition on oneC. drummondiiwhich thrived in preference to three otherC. drummondiiand Canada thistle which grew poorly. In a second field-cage test, Canada thistle predominated andL. cyanellafed and oviposited most on Canada thistle although its intrinsic preference forC. drummondiiwas still apparent. A review of the field host-plants of three accidentally introduced thistle-feeding insects,Orellia ruficauda(F.),Cleonus pigerScop, andCassida rubiginosaMüller, and the introduced biocontrol agentRhinocyllus conicusFroel., showed that these insects, which have a wider range of hosts than hasL. cyanella, concentrate breeding on introduced species of Cynareae (Compositae). Based on this evidence, it is extrapolated thatL. cyanellawill exploit Canada thistle and will not damage populations of nativeCirsiumspecies when established in North America.
EFFICIENCY OF FOOD UTILIZATION BY HELIOTHIS ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FED ARTIFICIAL DIETS OR GREEN BEANS
Authors: Cohen Allen C. , Patana Raymond 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSecond-instar Heliothis zea (more than the 275th generation) larvae from a 16-year-old culture, were fed either green beans or artificial diet until they reached the pupal stage and then were compared to determine their relative fitness to the two diets. They proved at least as well adapted to beans as to artificial diet with regard to most parameters. Final larval weights were equal, as were pupal dry weights. Wet weights were higher in diet-fed than in bean-fed pupae. Dry food consumption was higher in diet-fed larvae than in bean-fed larvae, but the reverse was true of wet food consumption. Total food consumption by larvae was limited by food volume rather than weight or composition. The larval stage was shorter in diet-fed than in bean-fed larvae; and diet-fed larvae had better survival, higher body nitrogen, and body energy content. Oxygen consumption was lower in bean-fed than in diet-fed larvae. Efficiency of food utilization was higher for bean-fed than for diet-fed larvae both in terms of dry matter conversion and energy conversion. Nitrogen utilization efficiencies were the same for both diets.
CATHEPSIN B AND AMINOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE POSTERIOR MIDGUT OF EUSCHISTUS EUSCHISTOIDES (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: Houseman Jon G. , MacNaughton W. K. , Downe A. E. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe posterior midgut of a seed-feeding pentatomid, Euschistus euschistoides (Vollenhoven), contains the proteinases cathepsin B and aminopeptidase. Cadiepsin B hydrolysis of benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide is activated by thiol chemicals and EDTA. Aminopeptidase hydrolysis of leucine-p-nitroanilide is activated by MgCl2 and inhibited by cysteine, glutathione, EDTA, and CaCl2. These results are similar to those obtained for cathepsin B and aminopeptidase from blood-feeding Hemiptera and support the hypothesis that catheptic proteinases are unique to this order.
DETERMINATION OF THE SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF CHEIMOPHILA SALICELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE), A PEST OF BLUEBERRY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Gillespie David R. , King G. G. S. , Salas-Reyes Victor A. , Slessor Keith N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe female-produced sex pheromone Cheimophila salicella (Hbn.) was found to be a mixture of E-11-tetradecenyl acetate, E-11-tetradecen-1-ol, tetradecyl acetate and E-11-tetradecenal, as determined by chemical analyses and field-trapping results. Capillary gas-liquid chromatography of individual female tip washes indicated relative ratios of 100:15:10:2. Field-trapping experiments showed the E-11 acetate to be essential and the E-11 aldehyde to be a powerful synergist for trapping of male moths.
CUBANOTYPHLUS LARGO, A NEW SPECIES OF LEPTOTYPHLINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) FROM FLORIDA
Authors: Frank J. H. , Thomas M. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of the new species Cubanotyphlus largo Frank, from Florida, U.S.A., are described, illustrated, and differentiated from adults of C. jimenezi Coiffait and Decou and of C. poeyi Decou, which are known only from Cuba. Distinguishing characteristics of Cubanotyphlus and of the 12 other described genera of New World Neotyphlini are given in a table, as are bibliographic citations and distribution of the 39 known species of New World Leptotyphlinae. The habitat of C. largo in the northern part of Key Largo, Monroe Co., Florida has been threatened by encroaching urban development but recently has been listed for acquisition and conservation by the government of Florida.
THE LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF A CEANOTHUS LEAF MINER, TISCHERIA IMMACULATA (LEPIDOPTERA: TISCHERIIDAE)
Authors: Fasoranti Joshua Olaniyan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPlantings of Ceanothus griseus L. (also Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus L.) were invaded by a rare leaf miner, Tischeria immaculata (Braun). Adults appeared at the beginning of May and most flew between 1750 and 2400 h. Mating and egg laying started immediately and females laid an average of 35 eggs (range: 15–48). Eggs measured 0.12 mm by 0.08 mm, were translucent, and hatched to minute larvae which did not feed until 24 h after hatch. Larvae reared at different temperatures and moisture regimes performed best at 21 °C and 70% relative humidity. Frass was ejected through the oval trap door constructed at the initiation of the larval mine. Pupation took place anywhere within the mine but the adult emerged through a crescentic exit hole at the end of the mine.The principal enemy was a eulophid, Pnigalio flavipes Ashmead. Various species of spiders and a bird, Junco hyemalis L., preyed on adults. Emerging adults were also trapped and killed in spittle-bug froth.
EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH, RHYACIONIA BUOLIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): IDENTIFICATION OF ADDITIONAL PHEROMONE COMPONENTS RESULTING IN AN IMPROVED LURE
Authors: Gray T. G. , Slessor K. N. , Shepherd R. F. , Grant G. G. , Manville J. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInvestigation of the European pine shoot moth pheromone has revealed three components in addition to the previously identified E-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac): E-9-dodecenol, dodecyl acetate, and dodecanol. Inclusion of E-9-dodecenol makes lures more attractive to the moth than unmated females or E9-12:Ac alone. Dodecyl acetate had no apparent effect when added to this more attractive mixture whereas dodecanol had an inhibitory effect. Dodecyl acetate appeared to mask the inhibitory effect of dodecanol when 0.3% or more of the former component is present in the lure. Relative proportions of components are critical in comparative testing or monitoring populations of the moth.
EFFICACY AND FIELD PERSISTENCE OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AFTER GROUND APPLICATION TO BALSAM FIR AND WHITE SPRUCE IN WISCONSIN
Authors: Reardon R. C. , Haissig K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis was applied at three dosages (1.0 BIU/tree, 0.1 BIU/tree, and.01 BIU/tree) to balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., and white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, with mist blowers. Crystalline proteins were detected on balsam fir foliage for a maximum of 16 days (d) after B. thuringiensis was applied at 1.0 BIU/tree. Higher levels of crystalline proteins were detected on white spruce foliage treated with Thuricide 16B than on that treated with Dipel 4L. On balsam fir, the situation was the opposite. Mist-blower-treated foliage collected for up to 16 d posttreatment caused mortality of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), larvae. Viable endospores of B. thuringiensis were recovered on white spruce foliage collected 1 year after treatment.
CONNATICHELA ARTEMISIAE, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF WEEVIL FROM THE YUKON TERRITORY (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: LEPTOPIINAE): TAXONOMY, PALEONTOLOGY, AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
Authors: Anderson Robert S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractConnatichela artemisiae, a new genus and species of leptopiine weevil endemic to the Yukon Territory, Canada, is described and illustrated. The genus is placed in the group of leptopiine genera characterized by the absence of metepisternal suture, lack of scales on antennal funiculus, and presence of broad scales on antennal scape. Connatichela members are readily distinguished from related leptopiine genera by the presence of connate tarsal claws and the structure of male and female genitalia. Phylogenetic and zoogeographic relationships of the genus are unresolved at present. Adult specimens were found in association with plants of a small species of Artemisia.Fossil material of mid-Wisconsin age assignable to C. artemisiae from the Yukon Territory, extreme western Northwest Territories, and Alaska suggests a slightly more widespread Pleistocene distribution, with recent restriction to the Yukon Territory. This restriction may have resulted from a decrease, during the post Wisconsin, in availability of dry steppe-tundra habitats throughout most of Beringia.
DESCRIPTION AND BIOLOGY OF A NEW SPECIES OFDIPLOLEPISFOURCROY (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) INDUCING GALLS ON THE STEMS OFROSA ACICULARIS
Authors: Shorthouse J. D. , Ritchie A. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDiplolepis triforman. sp. is described and distinguished from other members of the genus. Diagnoses are given for closely related species:D. ashmeadi(Beut.),D. inconspicuisDailey and Campbell,D. nodulosa(Beut.), andD. verna(O.S.). Lectotypes are designated forD. ashmeadi,D. nodulosa, andD. verna. The genusDiplolepisFourcroy is briefly reviewed. The biology and ecology ofD. triformaand its gall are described.Diplolepis triformainduces a multichambered, polymorphic stem gall onRosa acicularisand is distributed throughout central and western Canada. The form of the gall depends on the developmental condition of the host plant at the time of oviposition.