bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased serum thymic stromal lymphopoietin in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Lee Eun Byoul , Kim Kyung Won , Hong Jung Yeon , Jee Hye Mi , Sohn Myung Hyun , Kim Kyu‐Earn 
Published: March 2010

Lee EB, Kim KW, Hong JY, Jee HM, Sohn MH, Kim K‐E. Increased serum thymic stromal lymphopoietin in children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: e457–e460. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SThe present study investigated the relationship between serum thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels and the presence and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). Serum TSLP levels, blood eosinophil counts, and serum total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured in 232 children. Subjects were characterized as having atopic eczema (AE; n = 75), non‐atopic eczema (NAE; n = 70), or normal controls (n = 87). Serum TSLP levels in children with AD were significantly higher than normal controls but there were no differences in children with atopic and non‐atopic eczema. However, serum TSLP levels in children with AD were not significantly correlated with disease severity, blood eosinophil counts and serum total IgE levels. Our findings show an association between TSLP and AD including both AE and NAE. It is suggested that TSLP may play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of AD regardless of the presence of atopy.
Promoting health in families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: De Oliveira Isa Ribeiro , Nascif‐Júnior Iucif Abrão , Rocha Semiramis Melani Melo 
Published: March 2010

de Oliveira IR, Nascif‐Júnior IA, Rocha SMM. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 106–111 Promoting health in families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitusThis paper presents a study of families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, emphasizing the identification of social supports and networks to strengthen interventions aimed at health promotion. The approach selected was a qualitative research, using a case study design. Four families of children with diabetes type 1 were studied, totalling seven participants. Data were collected between April and June 2007, through in‐depth interviews and the construction of a genogram and an ecomap. The results presented the families' characterization and testimonies grouped in the following categories: social support, social networks and family roles. To promote care in practice, there is a need to identify the characteristics of each family and resources available that provide better living conditions. We concluded that identifying supports and social networks allows for more personalized care delivery to each family with a view to health promotion.
The status and perspective of diabetes health education in China: Inspiration from Australia
Authors: Wilson Anne , Gyi Aye Aye 
Published: March 2010

Wilson A, Gyi AA. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 92–98 The status and perspective of diabetes health education in China: Inspiration from AustraliaThis paper discusses possible approaches to improving diabetes care and developing effective education models in China based on the experience of diabetes education in Australia. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in China is increasing rapidly. China is currently second on the list of the top 10 countries with the highest diabetes burden. Enormous impact of diabetes on China health system is daunting and the urgent action is needed. Diabetes education is the keystone of diabetes care and structured self‐management education is considered to be the key to successful outcomes. Although many diabetes education programmes have been initiated in China, barriers have been identified for implementation of the programmes. These include: lack of public awareness of diabetes; lack of standards of practice for diabetes educators; and lack of evaluation programmes to assess their performance. We suggest four possible approaches to addressing the current problems of diabetes education in China.
Caregivers' strong commitment to their relationship with older people
Authors: Häggström Elisabeth , Mamhidir Anna‐Greta , Kihlgren Annica 
Published: March 2010

Häggström E, Mamhidir, A‐G, Kihlgren A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 99–105 Caregivers' strong commitment to their relationship with older peopleThe aim of the present study was to describe caregivers' good as well as bad experiences of working with older people. The study was based on five focus group interviews. One theme emerged from a latent content analysis: strong commitment to the relationship. This theme functioned as a thread of underlying meaning throughout the entire interpretative process of 48 caregivers' experiences of work. A delicate relationship existed that could be vulnerable and could reveal itself in feelings of lack of knowledge, guilt and fear. The caregivers' committed relationship to the older adults created independency in the ways in which they protected the older people's needs. Further studies are needed that focus on caregivers' transition from dependency to independency. The findings highlight the importance of clinical supervision to personal development and identity, and to promoting caregivers' self‐esteem and maintaining a committed relationship. Commitment is a deep human feeling, and it should be promoted in order to maintain and further develop quality care for older adults.
The effect of music on discomfort experienced by intensive care unit patients during turning: A randomized cross‐over study
Authors: Cooke Marie , Chaboyer Wendy , Schluter Philip , Foster Michelle , Harris Denise , Teakle Roz 
Published: March 2010

Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Schluter P, Foster M, Harris D, Teakle R. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 125–131 The effect of music on discomfort experienced by intensive care unit patients during turning: A randomized cross‐over studyResearch consistently demonstrates that intensive care unit (ICU) patients experience pain, discomfort and anxiety despite analgesic and sedative use. The most painful procedure reported by critically ill patients is being turned. Music diminishes anxiety and discomfort in some populations; however, its effect on critically ill patients remains unknown. This research aimed to identify the effect of music on discomfort experienced by ICU patients during turning using a single blind randomized cross‐over design. Seventeen post‐operative ICU patients were recruited and treatment order randomized. Discomfort and anxiety were measured 15 min before and immediately after two turning procedures. Findings indicated that listening to music 15 min before and during turning did not significantly reduce discomfort or anxiety. Pain management might effectively be addressing discomfort and anxiety experienced during turning. Given previous studies have identified turning as painful, current results are promising and it might be useful to determine if this is widespread.
Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in a university hospital centre: A correlational study examining nurses' knowledge and best practice
Authors: Claudia Gallant , Diane Morin , Daphney St‐Germain , Danièle Dallaire 
Published: March 2010

Claudia G, Diane M, Daphney SG, Danièle D. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 183–187 Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in a university hospital centre: A correlational study examining nurses' knowledge and best practiceThis descriptive correlational study had the goal of exploring if relationships existed between the level of knowledge of nurses concerning pressure ulcers, certain nurses' characteristics and the preventive care they applied. A multi‐method approach was taken using a questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge of nurses (n = 256) and chart audits (n = 235) to identify the preventive care applied. The results show that the level of knowledge of the nurses is insufficient. They also show a correlation between a higher level of knowledge and (i) the sector of activities in which the nurses are working, (ii) the training periods provided by the university hospital centre, and a (iii) good perception by the nurses of their level of knowledge. However, training on its own cannot guarantee the provision of quality health care, as there is a wide discrepancy between what nurses know and what they put into practice.
The clinicopathological features of biliary intraductal papillary neoplasms according to the location of tumors
Authors: Choi Sung Chul , Lee Jong Kyun , Jung Jae Hong , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Kwang Hyuck , Lee Kyu Taek , Rhee Jong Chul , Jang Kee‐Taek , Choi Seong Ho , Heo Jin Seok , Choi Dong Wook , Lim Jae Hoon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  In this study, we analyzed the clinical and pathological features of biliary intraductal papillary neoplasms (IPN‐B) according to the location of the tumors.Methods:  A total of 55 patients with IPN‐B were analyzed. We divided them into three groups: common bile duct (CBD), hilar, and intrahepatic duct (IHD) groups. The clinical and laboratory findings, cell types, depth of invasion, malignancy, existence of stones, lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and survival rate were analyzed.Results:  There was no difference in the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and coexistence of stones between the three groups. There were four different cell types; the intestinal cell type was the most common type in each group. The gastric cell type was prevalent in the IHD and hilar groups (58.3% and 33.3%, respectively). Invasive colloid carcinoma mainly showed the intestinal cell type, and tubular carcinoma showed the pancreaticobiliary cell type. There was a trend that malignancy was more prevalent in the CBD group (94.1%) than in the hilar group (64.3%) and IHD group (79.2%), but there was no statistically significant difference. There was no difference in the recurrence rate and the 3‐year survival rate between the three groups.Conclusion:  IPN‐B showed no difference in the malignancy and survival rates according to the location of the tumors. Because IPN‐B show good prognosis after surgery, aggressive surgical resection for the treatment of IPN‐B is recommended.
Induction of deflagellation by various local anesthetics inChlamydomonas reinhardtiiDangeard (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Nishikawa Atsushi , Sakamoto Yoshihiko , Sakatoku Akihiro , Noguchi Munenori , Tanaka Daisuke , Nakamura Shogo 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYDibucaine, a local anesthetic, is known to induce flagellar excision inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Herein, we investigate whether other local anesthetics have similar effects. Tetracaine, bupivacaine, procaine, and lidocaine also caused flagellar excision, although their potencies were lower than that of dibucaine. Bupivacaine, procaine, and lidocaine induced a morphological change in flagella from a rod‐like shape to a disk‐like shape before flagellar excision. Except for lidocaine, these local anesthetics caused cell‐wall shedding in addition to flagellar excision. The anesthetics in order of their median effective concentration (1‐h EC50) for flagellar excision are as follows: dibucaine (1.37 × 10−5 M) < tetracaine (3.16 × 10−5 M) < bupivacaine (4.25 × 10−4 M) <  procaine (2.02 × 10−3 M) < lidocaine (3.61 × 10−3 M). In all cases, Ca2+depletion from the solution inhibited flagellar excision. However, Ca2+‐channel blockers, IP3 receptor antagonists, and inhibitors of phospholipase C did not prevent excision. We suggest that the local anesthetics induce flagellar excision by increasing the fluidity of the flagellar/cell membrane, thereby allowing extracellular Ca2+to flow into the cell and cause flagellar excision.
Research note: Field evaluation of epiphyte recruitment (Vertebrata lanosa, Rhodophyta) in different microsite types on host fronds (Ascophyllum nodosum, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Scrosati Ricardo A. , Longtin Caroline M. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYThe seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) often forms extensive beds in wave‐sheltered, rocky intertidal habitats on northern Atlantic shores. Since this alga is an ecosystem engineer that influences benthic biodiversity, it is important to understand the factors that regulate its performance. Epiphytism is known to affect the performance of macroalgal hosts. In this study, we investigated the effects of surface irregularities on A. nodosum fronds (wounds, branch axils, and lateral pits resulting from receptacle shedding) on the recruitment rate of its obligate epiphyte Vertebrata lanosa (=Polysiphonia lanosa, Rhodophyta, Ceramiales). For this purpose, we performed a field experiment in Nova Scotia, Canada. In June–July 2007, we created wounds on the surface of host fronds that mimicked the wounds that result from invertebrate grazing. At that time, we also mapped the position of epiphyte‐free lateral pits and branch axils on host fronds. In October 2007, after the reproductive season for V. lanosa, the percentage of microsites colonized by this epiphyte was statistically similar for wounds and lateral pits, but significantly lower for branch axils, although by a small difference (mean recruitment rates ranged between 37 and 50%). Since V. lanosa is known not to colonize smooth frond surfaces, our study suggests that the degree of epiphyte load on A. nodosum beds should largely be affected by the overall amount of surface irregularities, with little influence of the relative availability of each microsite type.
Purification and characterization of a D‐mannose specific lectin from the green marine alga, Bryopsis plumosa
Authors: Han Jong Won , Jung Min Gui , Kim Min Jung , Yoon Kang Sup , Lee Key Pyoung , Kim Gwang Hoon 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYA d‐mannose specific lectin was purified from the green marine alga, Bryopsis plumosa (Huds.) Ag. The lectin agglutinated horse and sheep erythrocytes. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) results showed that the lectin was a monomer with molecular weight of 17 kDa and pI 7.3. The agglutinating activity was inhibited by d‐mannose (1 mM), α‐methyl‐D‐mannose (4 mM) and l‐fucose (8 mM). d‐glucose (125 mM) showed weak inhibition. The lectin did not need divalent cations for agglutinating activity. N‐terminal amino acid sequence of the lectin was analyzed. As the lectin was novel, we named it BPL‐2 (Bryopsis plumosa lectin 2). Full cDNA sequence of BPL‐2 was obtained using cDNA library. It was comprised of 624 bp of open reading frame and 167 bp/57 bp of 3′/5′ untranslated regions as well as N‐terminal signal peptide. No antimicrobial activity of BPL‐2 was observed in four bacteria strains tested.
Pseudomonas fluorescens orchestrates a fine metabolic‐balancing act to counter aluminium toxicity
Authors: Lemire Joseph , Mailloux Ryan , Auger Christopher , Whalen Daniel , Appanna Vasu D. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAluminium (Al), an environmental toxin, is known to disrupt cellular functions by perturbing iron (Fe) homeostasis. However, Fe is essential for such metabolic processes as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, the two pivotal networks that mediate ATP production during aerobiosis. To counter the Fe conundrum induced by Al toxicity, Pseudomonas fluorescens utilizes isocitrate lyase and isocitrate dehydrogenase‐NADP dependent to metabolize citrate when confronted with an ineffective aconitase provoked by Al stress. By invoking fumarase C, a hydratase devoid of Fe, this microbe is able to generate essential metabolites. To compensate for the severely diminished enzymes like Complex I, Complex II and Complex IV, the upregulation of a H2O‐generating NADH oxidase enables the metabolism of citrate, the sole carbon source via a modified TCA cycle. The overexpression of succinyl‐CoA synthetase affords an effective route to ATP production by substrate‐level phosphorylation in the absence of O2. This fine metabolic balance enables P. fluorescens to survive the dearth of bioavailable Fe triggered by an Al environment, a feature that may have potential applications in bioremediation technologies.
The propeptide precursor proSAAS is involved in fetal neuropeptide processing and body weight regulation
Authors: Morgan Daniel J. , Wei Suwen , Gomes Ivone , Czyzyk Traci , Mzhavia Nino , Pan Hui , Devi Lakshmi A. , Fricker Lloyd D. , Pintar John E. 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 1275–1284.AbstractMice with a targeted mutation in proSAAS have been generated to investigate whether peptides derived from this precursor could function as an inhibitor of prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) in vivo as well as to determine any alternate roles for proSAAS in nervous and endocrine tissues. Fetal mice lacking proSAAS exhibit complete, adult‐like processing of prodynorphin in the prenatal brain instead of the incomplete processing seen in the brains of wild‐type fetal mice where inhibitory proSAAS intermediates are transiently accumulated. This study provides evidence that proSAAS is directly involved in the prenatal regulation of neuropeptide processing in vivo. However, adult mice lacking proSAAS have normal levels of all peptides detected using a peptidomics approach, suggesting that PC1/3 activity is not affected by the absence of proSAAS in adult mice. ProSAAS knockout mice exhibit decreased locomotion and a male‐specific 10–15% decrease in body weight, but maintain normal fasting blood glucose levels and are able to efficiently clear glucose from the blood in response to a glucose challenge. This work suggests that proSAAS‐derived peptides can inhibit PC1/3 in embryonic brain, but in the adult brain proSAAS peptides may function as neuropeptides that regulate body weight and potentially other behaviors.
Riluzole protects against cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion damage via block of the persistent sodium current
Authors: Weiss S , Benoist D , White E , Teng W , Saint DA 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose: Current strategies to ameliorate cardiac ischaemic and reperfusion damage, including block of the sodium‐hydrogen exchanger, are therapeutically ineffective. Here we propose a different approach, block of the persistent sodium current (INaP).Experimental approach: Left ventricular pressure was measured as an index of functional deficit in isolated, Langendorff perfused, hearts from adult rats, subjected to 30 min global ischaemia and reperfusion with vehicle only (control) or riluzole (1–10 µM) in the perfusate. Cell shortening and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]iwere measured in adult rat isolated myocytes subjected to hypoxia and re‐oxygenation. The block of transient and persistent sodium currents by concentrations of riluzole between 0.01 and 100 µM were assessed in rat isolated myocytes using patch clamp techniques.Key results: In perfused hearts, riluzole produced a concentration‐dependent cardioprotective action, with minor protection from 1 µM and produced rapid and almost complete recovery upon reperfusion from 3 and 10 µM. In isolated myocytes, riluzole at 3 and 10 µM greatly attenuated or prevented the hypoxia‐ and reperfusion‐induced rise in [Ca2+]iand the contractile deficit. In patch clamp experiments, riluzole blocked the persistent sodium current with an IC50of 2.7 µM, whereas the block of the transient sodium current was only apparent at concentrations above 30 µM.Conclusions and implications: Riluzole preferentially blocked INaP and was protective in cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion. Thus block of the persistent sodium current would be a viable method of ameliorating cardiac ischaemic and reperfusion damage.
Animal models of cannabinoid reward
Authors: Panlilio Leigh V , Justinova Zuzana , Goldberg Steven R 
Published: March 2010

The endogenous cannabinoid system is involved in numerous physiological and neuropsychological functions. Medications that target this system hold promise for the treatment of a wide variety of disorders. However, as reward is one of the most prominent of these functions, medications that activate this system must be evaluated for abuse potential. Meanwhile, cannabis is already being used chronically by millions of people, many of whom eventually seek treatment for cannabis dependence. Therefore, there is a need for procedures that can be used to: (i) better understand the mechanisms of cannabinoid reward; (ii) evaluate the abuse potential of new medications; and (iii) evaluate the effectiveness of medications developed for treating cannabis dependence. Animal models of cannabinoid reward provide a means of accomplishing these goals. In this review, we briefly describe and evaluate these models, their advantages and their shortcomings. Special emphasis is placed on intravenous cannabinoid self‐administration in squirrel monkeys, a valid, reliable and flexible model that we have developed over the past decade. Although the conditions under which cannabinoid drugs have rewarding effects may be more restricted than with other drugs of abuse such as cocaine and heroin, work with these models indicates that cannabinoid reward involves similar brain mechanisms and produces the same kinds of reward‐related behaviour. By continuing to use these animal models as tools in the development of new medications, it should be possible to take advantage of the potential benefits provided by the endocannabinoid system while minimizing its potential for harm.This article is part of a themed issue on Cannabinoids. To view the editorial for this themed issue visithttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.00831.x
How important are sex differences in cannabinoid action?
Authors: Fattore Liana , Fratta Walter 
Published: March 2010

In humans as in animals, males and females are dissimilar in their genetic and hormonally driven behaviour; they process information differently, perceive experience and emotions in different ways, display diverse attitudes, language and social skills, and show sex‐related differences in the brain anatomy and organization. Drug addiction is a widespread relapsing illness that affects both men and women. Sex‐dependent differences have been frequently observed in the biological and behavioural effects of substances of abuse, including cannabis. Beside sex differences observed in the cannabinoid‐induced effects related to cannabis abuse and dependence, cannabinoids have been shown to exert sex‐dependent effects also in other physiological and behavioural aspects, such as food intake and energy balance (more evident in males), or anxiety and depression (more evident in females). Research has just begun to identify factors which could provide a neurobiological basis for gender‐based differences in cannabinoid effects, among which, gonadal hormones seem to play a crucial role. Yet, cannabinoid pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic may also be important, as sex differences in cannabinoid effects might be due, at least in part, to differences in muscle mass and fat tissue distribution between males and females. Here, we will review both clinical and laboratory‐based research evidence revealing important sex‐related differences in cannabinoid effects, and put forward some suggestions for future studies to fill the gap in our knowledge of gender‐specific bias in cannabinoid pharmacology.This article is part of a themed issue on Cannabinoids. To view the editorial for this themed issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.00831.x