bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C‐type natriuretic peptide regulation of guanosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate production in human endothelial cells
Authors: Rautureau Y. , Gowers I. , Wheeler‐Jones C. P. D. , Baxter G. F. 
Published: January 2010

Summary 1 In vascular smooth muscle cells, relaxant actions of guanosine‐‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) are well recognized, but there is increasing evidence that cGMP also plays regulatory roles in vascular endothelium. However, the autacoid and endocrine mechanisms controlling cGMP production in endothelium are not well understood. The objective of these studies was to examine the mechanisms of cGMP accumulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in response to natriuretic peptides. 2 Expression in HUVEC of natriuretic peptide receptors, particulate guanylyl cyclases (GC)‐A and GC‐B, was confirmed by RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. 3 In the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX 500 μm, 3 h incubation of HUVEC with B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (preferential GC‐A agonist) or C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) (preferential GC‐B agonist) stimulated concentration‐dependent increases in cGMP production. At 10 and 100 nm, we observed two to three‐fold greater potency of CNP compared to BNP. 4 In the absence of IBMX, CNP‐stimulated cGMP accumulation was significantly less than cGMP accumulation in response to sodium nitroprusside 1 mm. This greater sensitivity of GC‐B‐derived cGMP to phosphodiesterases suggests compartmentalization of two pools of cGMP from particulate and soluble guanylyl cyclases. 5 Although CNP 100 nm and 1 μm was observed to increase nitrite + nitrate (stable metabolites of NO) production in HUVEC two‐fold above basal level, the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ 10 μm did not significantly modify CNP‐stimulated cGMP accumulation suggesting that endothelial actions of CNP may be NO‐independent. 6 In conclusion, these studies indicate functional signaling by natriuretic peptides in endothelial cells, supporting possible roles of these mediators in regulating endothelial cell function.
Caveolae‐mediated entry of Salmonella typhimurium into senescent nonphagocytotic host cells
Authors: Lim Jae Sung , Choy Hyon E , Park Sang Chul , Han Jung Min , Jang Ik‐Soon , Cho Kyung A 
Published: January 2010

SummaryElderly individuals have an increased susceptibility to microbial infections because of age‐related anatomical, physiological, and environmental factors. However, the mechanism of aging‐dependent susceptibility to infection is not fully understood. Here, we found that caveolae‐dependent endocytosis is elevated in senescent cells. Thus, we focused on the implications of caveolae‐dependent endocytosis using Salmonella typhimurium, which causes a variety of diseases in humans and animals by invading the eukaryotic host cell. Salmonella invasion increased in nonphagocytotic senescent host cells in which caveolin‐1 was also increased. When caveolae structures were disrupted by methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin or siRNA of caveolin‐1 in the senescent cells, Salmonellae invasion was reduced markedly compared to that in nonsenescent cells. In contrast, the over‐expression of caveolin‐1 led to increased Salmonellae invasion in nonsenescent cells. Moreover, in aged mice, caveolin‐1 was found to be highly expressed in Peyer’s patch and spleen, which are targets for infection by Salmonellae. These results suggest that high levels of caveolae and caveolin‐1 in senescent host cells might be related to the increased susceptibility of elderly individuals to microbial infections.
Brain electrical activity during food presentation in obese binge‐eating women
Authors: Tammela Liisa I. , Pääkkönen Ari , Karhunen Leila J. , Karhu Jari , Uusitupa Matti I. J. , Kuikka Jyrki T. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryBinge‐eating (BE) subjects have shown altered brain activity at frontal regions during food presentation. The aim of this study was to examine the frontal brain electrical activity in obese BE women (n = 12) and in obese women without BE (non‐BE, n = 13). Brain electrical activity was measured using a quantitative electroencephalography during a resting state (eyes‐closed) and when the subjects focused (eyes‐open) their attention on a picture of a landscape (control experiment) or on a meal (food experiment). The BE showed greater frontal beta activity (14–20 Hz) than the non‐BE in both the eyes‐closed (on average 52%) and the eyes‐open situations and independently of the stimulus (control experiment: 57% and food experiment: 71%). No significant differences between the groups were found in alpha, delta or theta amplitudes. Increased beta activity correlated positively with the disinhibition factor of the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire. Thus, our results suggest that elevated frontal beta activity may be a marker of dysfunctional disinhibition–inhibition mechanism, which could make the obese BE women more vulnerable or sensitive to food and the environmental cues.
Higher Prevalence of Psychopathological Symptoms in Adolescents With Headache. A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Milde‐Busch Astrid , Boneberger Anja , Heinrich Sabine , Thomas Silke , Kühnlein Anja , Radon Katja , Straube Andreas , Von Kries Rüdiger 
Published: January 2010

(Headache 2010;50:738‐748)Background.— Headache is commonly voiced by adolescents and is known to be associated with reduced quality of life. Otherwise, there are only limited data regarding associations between different types of headache and psychopathological symptoms in adolescents.Objectives.— Aim of the present study in adolescents was to assess the impact of headache on psychopathological symptoms and whether these differ between types of headache.Methods.— Data were derived from a population‐based sample (n = 1047, ages 13‐17 years). Type of headache (ie, migraine, tension‐type headache, miscellaneous headache) was ascertained for subjects reporting headache episodes at least once per month. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The following dimensions were taken into account: emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems (these 4 add to the total difficulties score), and prosocial behavior. Associations were estimated with logistic regression models with adjustment for age group, sex, and family situation.Results.— Headache at least once per month was reported by 47.8% of the adolescents. Subjects with any headache were found to be at higher risk for emotional symptoms (odds ratio 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.0‐2.2) and hyperactivity/inattention (1.4; 1.0‐1.9), resulting in a higher total difficulties score (1.6; 1.1‐2.4). While the risk for psychopathological symptoms was not significantly increased in subjects with tension‐type headache compared with subjects without headache, significant associations with emotional symptoms were found in subjects with migraine (2.9; 1.3‐6.2; total difficulties score: 3.1; 1.4‐6.8). Miscellaneous headache was associated with a broad spectrum of psychopathological symptoms: emotional symptoms (1.8; 1.0‐3.3), conduct problems (1.6; 1.0‐2.6), hyperactivity/inattention (1.9; 1.2‐3.1), total difficulties score (2.7; 1.6‐5.6).Conclusion.— Previously reported associations between headache and psychopathological symptoms in adolescents could be confirmed, but might vary with type of headache. As psychopathological symptoms may be a precursor for manifest psychiatric disorders, adolescents particularly with migraine and miscellaneous headache appear to be a vulnerable population.
Epicrania Fugax: Ten New Cases and Therapeutic Results
Authors: Guerrero Angel L. , Cuadrado María L. , Porta‐Etessam Jesús , García‐Ramos Rocío , Gómez‐Vicente Lidia , Herrero Sonia , Peñas María L. , Fernández Rosa 
Published: January 2010

(Headache 2010;50:451‐458)Objective.— We aimed to report 10 new cases of epicrania fugax (EF), showing their clinical features and therapeutic responses.Background.— Epicrania fugax has been recently described as a paroxysmal head pain starting in a focal area located at a posterior cranial region and rapidly spreading forward to the ipsilateral eye or nose along a linear or zigzag trajectory. In some patients the pain is followed by ocular or nasal autonomic features. In the prior series, 1 patient got pain relief with anesthetic blockades, while another patient improved with carbamazepine.Methods.— Since the first description of EF, we have assessed 10 patients with the same clinical picture (8 women and 2 men) at the Neurology outpatient offices of our 2 centers.Results.— The mean age at onset was 48.5 years (SD: 19.8, range: 23‐83). All the patients complained of strictly unilateral pain paroxysms starting at parietal (n = 5), occipital (n = 4), or parieto‐occipital locations (n = 1), and immediately spreading forward through a linear pathway toward the ipsilateral forehead (n = 3) or the ipsilateral eye (n = 7), the complete sequence lasting 1‐10 seconds. No trigger was identified in any of our patients, while 5 of them suffered mild pain in the stemming area between the paroxysms. Three patients had ipsilateral lacrimation, and 2 had conjunctival injection at the end of the attacks. The frequency ranged from 1 attack per week to multiple attacks per day. Neuroimaging and laboratory tests were consistently normal. Interictal pain was responsive to acetaminophen. In 3 cases a preventive was considered in order to avoid the paroxysms. Gabapentin led to significant improvement in 2 cases. The third patient did not obtain any benefit from gabapentin or amitriptyline, but improved slightly with lamotrigine.Conclusions.— This description reinforces the proposal of EF as a new headache variant or a new headache syndrome. Anesthetic blockades, carbamazepine, gabapentin, and lamotrigine have been apparently effective in individual patients. Further observations and therapeutic trials are needed.
The Prevalence of Neck Pain in Migraine
Authors: Calhoun Anne H. , Ford Sutapa , Millen Cori , Finkel Alan G. , Truong Young , Nie Yonghong 
Published: January 2010

(Headache 2010;50:1273‐1277)Objective.— To determine the prevalence of neck pain at the time of migraine treatment relative to the prevalence of nausea, a defining associated symptom of migraine.Methods.— This is a prospective, observational cross‐sectional study of 113 migraineurs, ranging in attack frequency from episodic to chronic migraine. Subjects were examined by headache medicine specialists to confirm the diagnosis of migraine and exclude both cervicogenic headache and fibromyalgia. Details of all migraines were recorded over the course of at least 1 month and until 6 qualifying migraines had been treated. For each attack, subjects recorded the presence or absence of nausea as well as the intensity of headache and neck pain (graded as none, mild, moderate, or severe).Results.— Subjects recorded 2411 headache days, 786 of which were migraines. The majority of migraines were treated in the moderate pain stage. Regardless of the intensity of headache pain at time of treatment, neck pain was a more frequent accompaniment of migraine than was nausea (P < .0001). Prevalence of neck pain correlated with chronicity of headache as attacks moved from episodic to chronic daily headache.Conclusions.— In this representative cross‐section of migraineurs, neck pain was more commonly associated with migraine than was nausea, a defining characteristic of the disorder. Awareness of neck pain as a common associated feature of migraine may improve diagnostic accuracy and have a beneficial impact on time to treatment.
The Henry George Theorem and the Entrepreneurial Process: Turning Henry George on his Head
Authors: Moss Laurence S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis chapter offers an interpretation of the Henry George Theorem (HGT) that brings it squarely into the study and analysis of entrepreneurship somewhat loosening its ties to the subfield of urban economics. I draw on the pioneering work of Spencer Heath whose insights about the viability of proprietary communities were developed further by his grandson, Spencer Heath MacCallum who, in 1970, recognized that private real estate developers sometimes make their capital gains (mostly) by creating useful public spaces that others enjoy. I also draw inspiration from Fred Foldvary's effort in 1994 to synthesize the pubic goods problem in economics with the Henry George Theorem in urban economics. While the real estate owner—developer does emerge on my pages in a somewhat more favourable light than as originally portrayed by Henry George in his Progress and Poverty in 1879, I offer a realistic appraisal of the duplicitous behaviours required of such entrepreneurs. in the context of the modern regulatory state. Real estate development remains a ‘hot button’ item in local politics, and real estate developers must become genuine ‘political entrepreneurs’ if they are to complete their projects in a timely way and capture business profits. It is a complicated story that the HGT helps make intelligible in terms of human action.
Larry Moss and the Struggle Against Racism by the Whately Professors of Political Economy
Authors: Peart Sandra J. , Levy David M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this note, we highlight an important consideration of Larry Moss's life's work, the continual struggle within economics against racism. Larry initiated and supported the symposium on eugenics published by the American Journal of Economics and Sociology in July 2005. He edited the volume Social Inequality, Analytical Egalitarianism and the March Toward Eugenic Explanations in the Social Sciences in August 2008. These constitute obvious signs of Larry's concern.He conjectured that the Trinity College Dublin political economists who held the Whately professorship should be thought of as a school. Such a school was in fact identified in 1850 by an outsider who pointed to their shared opposition to racial explanations within an institutional setting. That shared opposition allowed them to speak against the narrow interests of the rulers of the country. Of course, other political economists of the time, Mill in particular, were also emphatic in their anti‐racism. Thus, not only do we need to take up Larry's challenge to describe the Trinity College school but we must also seek its connections with the Scottish‐English group of anti‐racists.
Alfred Marshall and the Concept of Class
Authors: Aspers Patrik 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze Alfred Marshall's concept of class. Marshall's concept of class is not well‐studied. His idea of class is different from what Weber and Marx have proposed. In contrast to many other economists, he has a discussion of class that is developed. It is shown that Marshall sees classes as made up of people whose work offers similar chances of developing their higher faculties. An integrated idea is that different class positions are associated with different discount rates of future outcomes. Marshall's class theory combines physical and mental components.
Hermeneutics and the Heidegger = Schumpeter Theses
Authors: Shionoya Yuichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper is a part of an attempt to develop an economic philosophy of ontology based on the Continental tradition of hermeneutics. Ontology explores the meanings of entities as the objects of knowledge to posit the orientation of knowledge. Heidegger developed hermeneutical ontology, focusing on the self‐understanding of Dasein (human beings), which consists of the “projection” of its possibilities into the future and the “thrownness” of it into the restrictions by the past history. Dealing explicitly with the pre‐structure of knowledge, hermeneutics opens the perspective of knowledge much broader than permitted by the analytical tradition of philosophy. It is the contention of this paper that Schumpeter from the Austrian subjectivist circle could cope with this approach in social science by the use of the concepts of “innovation and tradition” or “creation and routine.” The paper discusses the relationship between Heidegger and Schumpeter on various philosophical issues and derives what might be called the Heidegger = Schumpeter theses.
Rest Premature Ventricular Contractions on Routine ECG and Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Le Vy‐Van , Mitiku Teferi , Hadley David , Myers Jonathan , Froelicher Victor F. 
Published: January 2010

Background: Premature ventricular contractions (PVC) at rest are frequently seen in heart failure (HF) patients but conflicting data exist regarding their importance for cardiovascular (CV) mortality. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of rest PVCs on an electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with a history of clinical HF. Methods and Results: We considered 352 patients (64 ± 11 years; 7 females) with a history of clinical HF undergoing treadmill testing for clinical reasons at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS) (1987–2007). Patients with rest PVCs were defined as having ≥1 PVC on the ECG prior to testing (n = 29; 8%). During a median follow‐up period of 6.2 years, there were 178 deaths of which 76 (42.6%) were due to CV causes. At baseline, compared to patients without rest PVCs, those with rest PVCs had a lower ejection fraction (EF) (30% vs 45%) and the prevalence of EF ≤ 35% was higher (75% vs 41%). They were more likely to have smoked (76% vs 55%).The all‐cause and CV mortality rates were significantly higher in the rest PVCs group (72% vs 49%, P = 0.01 and 45% vs 20%, P = 0.002; respectively). After adjusting for age, beta‐blocker use, rest ECG findings, resting heart rate (HR), EF, maximal systolic blood pressure, peak HR, and exercise capacity, rest PVC was associated with a 5.5‐fold increased risk of CV mortality (P = 0.004). Considering the presence of PVCs during exercise and/or recovery did not affect our results. Conclusion: The presence of PVC on an ECG is a powerful predictor of CV mortality even after adjusting for confounding factors. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(1):56–62
Enhanced MCP‐1 release by keloid CD14+ cells augments fibroblast proliferation: role of MCP‐1 and Akt pathway in keloids
Authors: Liao Wei‐Ting , Yu Hsin‐Su , Arbiser Jack L. , Hong Chein‐Hui , Govindarajan Baskaran , Chai Chih‐Yin , Shan Wan‐Ju , Lin Yu‐Fen , Chen Gwo‐Shing , Lee Chih‐Hung 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Enhanced MCP‐1 release by keloid CD14+ cells augments fibroblast proliferation: role of MCP‐1 and Akt pathway in keloids. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e142–e150.Abstract:  Keloids are fibrous overgrowth induced by cutaneous injury. The pathogenesis of keloids is poorly understood, and no convincing animal model exists. Current hypotheses of the pathogenesis classify keloids as an entity of aberrant fibrosis. Hyperactivation of the MCP‐1/CCR2 axis reportedly causes fibrosis in liver cirrhosis, atherosclerosis and lung fibrosis. Circulating CD14+ monocytes are precursors of circulating fibrocytes and contribute to fibrogenesis by a MCP‐1/CCR2‐dependent loop. As there is an increase in monocyte lineages in keloids, the aim of this study is to determine whether peripheral CD14+ monocytes in keloid patients trigger fibroblast proliferation through MCP‐1. Expressions of MCP‐1 and its receptor CCR2 in keloid lesions were measured by immunohistochemistry and real‐time PCR. The results revealed an increase in MCP‐1 and CCR2 in the keloid tissues. Co‐culture of keloid CD14+ cells and normal fibroblasts enhanced fibroblast proliferation and a parallel increase in extracellular MCP‐1. We further found that MCP‐1 modest enhanced fibroblast proliferation via Akt activation. Blockade of either MCP‐1 or Akt signaling suppressed the mediation of fibroblast proliferation by CD14+ cells from patients. These results demonstrated that enhanced MCP‐1 release by keloid CD14+ cells augments fibroblast proliferation via Akt pathway in keloids. We concluded that enhanced MCP‐1 release by keloid CD14+ cells augments fibroblast proliferation, which might initiate keloid development.
Differential expression of antimicrobial peptides in margins of chronic wounds
Authors: Dressel Stefanie , Harder Jürgen , Cordes Jesko , Wittersheim Maike , Meyer‐Hoffert Ulf , Sunderkötter Cord , Gläser Regine 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Differential expression of antimicrobial peptides in margins of chronic wounds. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 628–632.Abstract:  Skin wounds usually heal without major infections, although the loss of the mechanical epithelial barrier exposes the tissue to various bacteria. One reason may be the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) of which some [human β‐defensins (hBD) and LL‐37] were recently shown to support additionally certain steps of wound healing. There are no studies which have compared expression patterns of different classes of AMP in chronic wounds. The aim of our study was therefore to analyse the expression profile of hBD‐2, hBD‐3, LL‐37, psoriasin and RNase 7 by immunohistochemistry from defined wound margins of chronic venous ulcers. We detected a strong induction of psoriasin and hBD‐2 in chronic wounds in comparison with healthy skin. Except for stratum corneum, no expression of RNase 7 and LL‐37 was detected in the epidermis while expression of hBD‐3 was heterogeneous. Bacterial swabs identified Staphylococcus aureus and additional bacterial populations, but no association between colonization and AMP expression was found. The differential expression of AMP is noteworthy considering the high bacterial load of chronic ulcers. Clinically, supplementation of AMP with the capability to enhance wound healing besides restricting bacterial overgrowth could present a physiological support for treatment of disturbed wound healing.
Modulating T cell functions does not alleviate chronic inflammatory skin lesions in K5.TGFβ1 transgenic mice
Authors: Michaelis Kai , Wallbrecht Katrin , Kerstan Andreas , Beyersdorf Niklas , Williams Cortny , Kerkau Thomas , Wang Xiao‐Jing , Hünig Thomas , Schön Michael P. 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Modulating T cell functions does not alleviate chronic inflammatory skin lesions in K5.TGFβ1 transgenic mice. Experimental Dermatology 2009; 19: 406–415.Abstract:  To use mice with chronic hyperproliferative skin inflammation as psoriasis models, their thorough phenotypic and functional characterization is indispensable. Mice with keratin 5 promoter‐controlled overexpression of latent human Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)β1 within the basal epidermis (K5.TGFβ1 mice) show a psoriasiform phenotype, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not entirely clear. To elucidate the contribution of T lymphocytes to the pathogenesis in K5.TGFβ1 mice, we used three complementary approaches: first, peripheral T cells were eradicated via systemic treatment with CD3‐ or CD4‐depleting antibodies. However, this elimination did not alleviate the chronic inflammatory disorder. Second, bone marrow transplantation from transgenic mice into wildtype recipients and vice versa resulted in the expected reconstitution of both adaptive and innate immune system but had little effect on the cutaneous phenotype both in wildtype and transgenic chimeras. Third, based on the hypothesis that the disease course could be modulated by regulatory T cells (Tregs), we expanded Tregs in vivo using a superagonistic anti‐CD28 antibody. While this treatment achieved a threefold increase in Foxp3‐expressing Tregs, there was little, if any, effect on the chronic skin inflammation. We conclude from our findings that T cells play little, if any, role in the skin lesions of K5.TGFβ1 mice.