bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doctrine of God
Authors: Peckham John C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the doctrine of God from a Seventh-day Adventist perspective. In brief, Adventist theology understands God as the unique Creator of all, the Trinity of love who alone is worthy of worship. First, this chapter introduces an Adventist approach to the doctrine of God and situates the discussion against the background of Adventist history. Then it addresses the God-world relationship, highlighting the Adventist understanding of God as utterly distinct from creation, freely creating the world while also freely engaging in real relationship with the world. After this, the chapter moves to a discussion of particular divine attributes, explaining that Adventist theology affirms that God is self-existent, eternal, omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and omnibenevolent, immutable (in a qualified sense), and voluntarily passible in relation to the world. The chapter concludes with brief discussions of the problem of evil and the Trinity doctrine.
American Buddhism and Healthcare
Authors: Salguero C. Pierce 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mindfulness and other therapeutic meditations have increasingly been researched scientifically, lauded in the mainstream media, and broadly popularized and adopted across US society. All of this attention to meditation has tended to overshadow the wide range of other practices that American Buddhists engage with in pursuit of health and well-being. This chapter begins to address that lacuna by providing an introduction to the complete spectrum of Buddhist healing practices currently being used by American Buddhists. It introduces data from recent interviews with thirty-six Buddhist healers based in the United States—clerics, lay meditation teachers and sangha leaders, traditional medicine practitioners, and healthcare industry professionals who actively promote Buddhist therapies and practice them with clients or patients. The author gives both a summary of the data collected as well as an analysis of four distinct “positionalities” that emerge from the interviewees’ responses.
American Buddhist Chaplaincy Supervision
Authors: Gauthier Jitsujo T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Buddhist chaplaincy is calling people into an identity to confront suffering as it is in the world today. Supervision is a term that has been studied significantly within theistic traditions, predominately Christianity. It has not been written about specifically in terms of Buddhist chaplaincy or Buddhist chaplaincy education. This chapter will explore supervision in Buddhist chaplaincy education by outlining what Buddhist chaplains do, their location within the North American landscape, how they are educated, directions in which chaplaincy is headed, and will end by presenting a theory of Buddhist supervision for chaplaincy education. Questions like who supervises and what is being supervised will be examined by utilizing the Buddha’s conversation with Ānanda in the Mahaparinirvana Sutra as a framework to support the work of Buddhist chaplains.
American Buddhist Education and Pedagogy
Authors: Simmer-Brown Judith 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys diverse currents in American Buddhist education ranging from children’s Sunday schools, teacher training programs, textual study institutes, entire universities, and elementary schools. Adopting the metaphor of currents of a river, the chapter acknowledges that American Buddhist communities have had a diversity of needs, perspectives, and contexts that have shaped their educational initiatives. This chapter traces themes and trends of these initiatives, identifying five related currents—acculturation, authentification, transmission, professionalization, and social transformation—following the arc from congregational or monastic focus to broader educational visions serving a larger society of laypeople and non-Buddhists in the United States. The chapter demonstrates the innovative and constantly changing ways in which Buddhism is influencing and is being influenced by American society.
The Medical Anthropology of Tattooing, Past and Present
Authors: Smetana Michael , Lynn Christopher D. , Samadelli Marco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the medical anthropology of tattooing from prehistoric to modern applications. The tattooing found on the 5,300-year-old Tyrolean frozen mummy called the “Iceman” is among the earliest evidence there is that tattooing was used to treat illness—notably, it may have alleviated the pain the Iceman likely suffered from arthrosis, biliary calculi, Lyme disease, or the prolonged use of the bow. Radiological studies have highlighted the direct relationship between lesion and cure, and the multispectral photography technique used to map the Iceman’s tattoos illuminated marks not otherwise visible. The chapter examines the cross-cultural use of tattooing for therapeutic and medical purposes, recent studies of how tattooing may prime the body’s healthy immune and endocrine responses, and dermatological and behavioral risk studies associated with tattooing. Finally, it advocates for newer research perspectives that consider tattooing forms as diverse, prosocial cultural practices with the potential to heal.
An Introduction to Artificial Cranial Vault Modifications
Authors: Tiesler Vera 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The shaping of the infant cranial vaults counts worldwide as one of the most rooted, widespread, and, at the same time, diversified body tradition in the human past. Cranial modification was performed mainly by female kin on their newborns, babies, and toddlers, a time in infant development during which the cranium is still malleable. Head shaping has been practiced cross-culturally by means of massage, constriction, or the use of rigid compression devices. Portrayed in ancient head imagery, described in historical sources, or interpreted as part of the skeletal registry, cranial modifications are informative about collective trends in physical embodiment, techniques, instruments, and enacted traditions. The noticeable and visible outcome of the practice and its behavioral components have led to broader discussions of beauty ideals, corporeity, their roles in upbringing, ethnogenesis, status, and gender.
Body Modification
Authors: Joyce Rosemary A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Body modifications are intimately associated with the self-constitution of humans in social groups. The documented history of body modifications almost certainly postdates the beginning of the practices involved, which might have employed more perishable materials and less clearly specialized tools. This chapter explores the ways body modifications work to create distinctive, literally marked, forms of human subjectivity, including age and gender distinctions. Drawing on the rich history of body modification in Mesoamerica, the way that body modifications are elevated in significance through ritualization, and the consequent semiotic power gained by body modifications, is proposed as part of a general framework for thinking through body modification.
One Mark at a Time
Authors: Krutak Lars 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For millennia tattooing practices, the embodied process of inserting indelible pigments beneath the skin, have been commonplace among many Indigenous peoples. As a visual system of knowledge transmission, these enduring cultural expressions were invented to communicate where human groups came from, what territory they belonged to, and who their ancestors were. Tattooing also conveyed personal and ontological information regarding social status, achievement, medicine, and relationships with nonhuman beings. Based on ethnographic records spanning the mid-nineteenth to the early twenty-first centuries and fieldwork conducted over the past two decades, this chapter offers a primer on Indigenous tattooing practices, reviewing their significance and meanings. Methods, tools, tattoo products, practitioners, and the religious implications of Indigenous skin marking are addressed to elucidate the meaning behind tattoos, the status of Indigenous tattooists in their respective communities, and the role that nonhuman entities (i.e. spirits, ancestors) played in shaping a tattooed person’s sense of self.
Vacha
Authors: Devy G. N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article recounts how the Museum of Voice, “Vacha,” representing the cultural production of the Indigenous and curated entirely by them, evolved from its very inception to the final shape it has now acquired. The concept emerged in the mid-1990s. It started receiving social acceptance by the turn of the century and found its physical form some fifteen years ago. Since then, curation has been continuously evolving through the collective participation of the Adivasi—Indigenous—communities in India. Vacha is located in Gujarat. It has the largest collection of Adivasi “art” in its galleries, as well as resource literature on Indian tribes in its library. “Vacha” and the Adivasi Academy have received generous media attention in India, the United States, and Europe. The entire project has taken shape without any significant or steady funding support from any government or foundation. In this sense, it is self-made and is a notable expression of Adivasi “gaze.”
Mountain Exceptionalism Perceived and Defined
Authors: Kreutzmann Hermann 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Varying geographical definitions treated mountains as exceptional spaces and exclusive areas in the course of transforming academic debates. Early explorers identified mountain exceptionalism by observing that certain communities expressed their respect in ritual practices and defining them as places of worship. Early expeditions tried to reach the ‘third pole’, exploring elevational extremities and orographic variegations. Alexander von Humboldt introduced a comparative perspective across continents and disciplines, collecting available data and interpreting visible features and hidden phenomena. The second half of the nineteenth century was instrumental in classifying mountains as separate entities, seeking explanations for mountain exceptionalism embedded in perceptions of environmental determinism and cultural backwardness. Recent attempts to define mountains incorporated familiar orographic features from natural sciences’ toolbox, while humanities and social sciences are emphasizing historical exchange relations and rural lifestyles, communication and mobility patterns, power structures and exclusion, external interference and development activities.
Airborne LiDAR in Mountain Archaeology
Authors: Lozić Edisa , Štular Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Airborne LiDAR, or airborne Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing technique that measures, among other things, the terrain elevation. In the past two decades, it has become an indispensable component of landscape archaeology, especially for archaeological prospection. However, it is still infrequently used in mountain archaeology. This is especially true in the high mountains, where technical challenges make its use difficult. We can anticipate more successful applications in the future due to the ever-improving quality of data. At present, the greatest untapped potential of LiDAR data for mountain archaeology, we argue, lies in ‘deep’ interpretation or analysis of archaeological features in their landscape context. This approach is illustrated by the case study Vodotočnik (Slovenia). We used this high-mountain pasture to test the hypothesis for site location choice, which was put forward by experienced mountain archaeologists. Based on the results of six distinct geomorphometric analyses, we reinterpreted the site and demonstrated the benefits of LiDAR data for modelling landscape context at the scale of individual buildings and activity areas.
Geophysical Prospection in Mountain Archaeology
Authors: Ullrich Burkart , de Neef Wieke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of geophysical survey methods for archaeological prospection in mountain landscapes. Geophysical prospection, initially used as an approach for geological and mineral exploration in mountain areas, increasingly becomes a component also in smaller-scale archaeological studies of past human activity. As the archaeology of mountain landscapes is closely related to the exploration of natural resources, geophysical methods can thus provide unique perspectives by integrating different scales of research. These include large-scale topics such as landscape-formation processes and the effects of natural disasters, as well as site-oriented studies of settlements, functional zones, and symbolic places. As the applications and scales of geophysical research are wide-ranging, the chapter first discusses the technical requirements and distinctive characteristics of geophysical methods with regard to their use in mountainous regions. It focuses on the most commonly used methods in archaeological prospection—magnetometry, resistivity and ground-penetrating radar, but also discusses complementary methods. The second part of the chapter highlights the variety of applications of geophysical survey techniques in mountain archaeology, illustrated with case studies from mountain ranges across the globe. This section is structured along four broad research topics: landscape processes; resource extraction and mining; human occupation including seasonal camps, defensive structures, symbolic places, and caves; and prospection in ice and permafrost. Rather than providing instructions on a ‘best practice’ of geophysical surveys in the mountains, we aim to present the versatility of geophysical applications within archaeological research of steep and remote terrain.
The Earliest Peopling of the Rocky and Andes Mountains
Authors: Pitblado Bonnie L. , Rademaker Kurt 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The American Cordillera comprises a system of mountains stretching nearly 15,000 kilometres from the Alaska and Brooks Ranges in the north to the southernmost tip of South America at Tierra del Fuego. In a rather real way, the Cordillera constitutes a backbone for the Western Hemisphere. Within the American Cordillera, the North American Rocky Mountains and South American Andes contain some of the earliest widely accepted sites in the hemisphere and played an important role in the initial peopling of the Americas. Recent research in the Rockies and Andes focusses on the development of physiological and genetic adaptations to high elevation, the time frames of initial and intensified residential occupation of highlands, the nature of connections between early highland and lowland sites, and potential use of the American Cordillera as an early migration corridor. Such research reveals a very early (Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene) command of high-altitude landscapes and their resources and highly flexible settlement and mobility strategies.
Asyndetic Conditional Clauses in Brahui
Authors: Kobayashi Masato , Ali Liaquat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While most Dravidian languages form conditional clauses using conditional participles or conjunctions, Brahui frequently employs asyndetic conditionals, which lack conditional participles, conjunctions, and a special pitch pattern. Our study of a Brahui corpus, which consists of novels and folktales, reveals that past, subjunctive, imperfect, and past conditional verbs appear in the protasis, each signalling different types of supposition. Since asyndeton is a normal way of expressing ‘and’ and ‘then’ in Brahui, the tense or mood of the verb in the protasis is the sole marker of the asyndetic conditional clauses, with conditional interpretation arising from pragmatic inference. This chapter also compares Brahui conditionals with those in two related Dravidian languages, Kuṛux and Malto, as well as Balochi. It highlights that asyndetic conditionals are found in languages that permit asyndeton and suggests the possibility that Brahui asyndetic conditionals have developed as an areal feature.
“Scare Away the Dark”
Authors: Wright Trudi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the lyrics of Passenger’s “Scare Away the Dark,” in 2015 the author delivered a lecture for first-year college students that asked the vocational question, “What Brings You Joy?” The author’s answer had two parts: being in community with others and singing. That day the author nervously opened her mouth and led a room of 500 students, faculty, and administrators through a set of “ohs,” made famous in Passenger’s song. That opportunity to lead her academic community in song changed the trajectory of her teaching career. It crystalized the potential of shared song (something she had taken for granted as a life-long musician) as a community builder and powerful pedagogical tool. This chapter investigates how community singing impacts gatherings ranging from large academic assemblies to small classroom lectures in ways that facilitate the skillful teaching of music’s historical and cultural significance and communicates its capacity to bring people together.
Spectacle and Empire
Authors: McGuire Charles Edward 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter will examine the tradition of mass performances of Handel’s music in London, from the 1784 Westminster Abbey Handel Commemorations to the Handel Festivals at the Crystal Palace (1857–1926), and how they created an imagined, patriotic community. William Weber has called these performances a political emblem, and Howard Smither long identified them with a sense of Victorian progress. They are also an example of community singing, in that the imagined group created through them was less about performance than an assertion of nationality and aesthetic. Indeed, the Victorian progress identified by contemporaries was both audible in volume and visual in presentation. Investigating contemporary London festival documents such as reviews, publicity materials, and programs reveals that festival planners and enthusiasts used a plethora of visual metaphors to justify large-scale performances of Handel’s music, all engaged in the cultural work of creating tangible manifestations of the imagined community. These included military metaphors (the choir and orchestra as a “massed army,” and Handel as a “Napoleon” who deserved an “empire”) and architectural metaphors (the Crystal Palace as a Roman coliseum or Gothic cathedral). Frequently, these visual metaphors reveal a desire by contemporary writers to identify Handel with contemporary visual aesthetics, including the sublime. Creating a single, singing community from multiple choirs to perform this spectacular, visual Handel became a nationalistic and imperialistic exercise; festival organizers claimed that no other nation understood Handel like the English, and that no other contemporary country could mount an adequate performance of his music.
Music, Emotion, and Asylum
Authors: Davidson Jane W. , Leske Benjamin P. , Krause Amanda E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fostering group singing as a means of improving social connectivity within socially marginalized groups is now a well-established and widely reported practice. Investigating well-being related aspects of how such choirs function internally and in interaction with the broader community, this chapter purposefully expands the scope of the existing discourse on music and well-being. It emphasizes the powerful role of emotion in a choir’s expansion and growth and explores the singing group as a forum—a conceptual, specifically musical, emotional, and physical refuge—within which to build confidence and express voice. Two case study choirs are presented: a chorus of same-sex-attracted and gender-diverse young adults, and a community choir for older people. Interview data highlight the importance of in-group and community-focused experiences and the potential for such choirs to affirm personal and social experiences and provide opportunities for growth.
New Firebombs in Old Bottles
Authors: Payerhin Marek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Community singing is often employed in conjunction with political action. Several chapters in this section explore protest repertoires that have been used both to support specific actions and to represent political perspectives. Protest songs often communicate information beyond their lyrics. In some cases, they carry a long history of association accumulated through repeated use in varied political circumstances. Protest songs can also rely on genre signifiers to convey additional meaning. Whether or not a protest song is sung collectively in a given context, it can always be understood to represent collective sentiment. An act of protest can also be embodied in the singing of non-political songs for countercultural purposes. While collective singing is often employed to build peace, it can also cement hatred and provoke violence. Chapters in this section consider a global spectrum of political uses for collective song.
“Some Old Remembered Song”
Authors: Hicks Glen W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Collective singing takes place in geographically situated communities under diverse circumstances. While participants always live and work near one another, their reasons for singing together vary widely. Sometimes they share religious, political, or professional identities, while sometimes they come together out of mutual affection for the singing tradition itself. Place-based community singing is often adjunct to another activity, such as dancing or watching sports. In all cases, however, the repertoire serves to signify group identity for both participants and observers, and the act of singing is often of political significance. The chapters in this section explore a variety of themes and should be read in conversation with chapters located in other parts of the volume.
Economics of the Environment in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Otrachshenko Vladimir , Popova Olga 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For a long time, the environment in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) was treated as given and overexploited. Several decades after the fall of the Soviet Union, the CEE and FSU countries continue to experience many environmental challenges that threaten the region’s sustainable development, from pollution and climate change to water and energy security. Starting from an overview of the environmental practices in this region under communism, this chapter presents the most prominent conceptual approaches used to explain the environment-economy relationship in the CEE and FSU countries. It then discusses empirical research on environmental challenges and their socioeconomic consequences. The chapter concludes by underscoring the urgent directions in academic research and environmental policymaking necessary to take for the region’s sustainable development.
Concepts Institutionalized
Authors: Boldyrev Ivan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
How is a mathematized social science integrated into the landscape of decision-making? What were the correspondences between the formalisms and imaginaries of economics, the practices of planning, and institutional configurations? This chapter begins to elucidate these questions by drawing on the history of Soviet mathematical economics and by using Foucauldian idea of a dispositive, understood as an assemblage of heterogenous elements in which epistemic and political aspects reinforce each other. The chapter discusses two major dispositives—input-output modeling and the theory of optimal planning. It demonstrates how the application of mathematical ideas has been accompanied—and partly constituted—by the institutional reconfiguration of expertise and policy.