bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical Elders: Campus Role Models for Moral Development
Authors: Liddell Debora L. , Cooper Diane L. , Healy Margaret A. , Stewart Dafina Lazarus 
Published: April 2010

Dana is a graduate assistant in the second year of a master's program in student personnel. In a class discussion of assistantship issues, Dana reveals that he has decided not to enforce the university's policy of “writing up” all underage students who are in a residence hall room where alcohol is present. He says that in his opinion the punitive nature of the policy, which imposes a $200 fine, flies in the face of any opportunity for learning and drives the targeted behavior further underground. Dana says that the residence hall supervisors know about the decision and that they have discussed the possible ramifications and consequences. As an educator, what is your responsibility to both Dana and to others in the campus community? What are the obligations of others? The purpose of this article is to explore the layered dimensions of learning in the context of everyday ethical dilemmas and to examine the ways in which student affairs educators, classroom faculty, and institutional leaders can serve as ethical elders on campus. We believe that educators are obligated to serve as ethical role models, especially for students and younger colleagues who aspire to serve as educators themselves.
Electronic and Magnetic Properties of SrTiO3/LaAlO3 Interfaces from First Principles
Authors: Chen Hanghui , Kolpak Alexie M. , Ismail‐Beigi Sohrab 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA number of intriguing properties emerge upon the formation of the epitaxial interface between the insulating oxides LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. These properties, which include a quasi two‐dimensional conducting electron gas, low temperature superconductivity, and magnetism, are not present in the bulk materials, generating a great deal of interest in the fundamental physics of their origins. While it is generally accepted that the novel behavior arises as a result of a combination of electronic and atomic reconstructions and growth‐induced defects, the complex interplay between these effects remains unclear. In this report, we review the progress that has been made towards unraveling the complete picture of the SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface, focusing primarily on present ab initio theoretical work and its relation to the experimental data. In the process, we highlight some key unresolved issues and discuss how they might be addressed by future experimental and theoretical studies.
Spatial distributions of mean age and higher moments in steady continuous flows
Authors: Liu M. , Tilton J.N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTransport equations and boundary conditions for spatial distribution of age moments in steady continuous flows are derived. Mean age is the first moment. The coefficient of variation is obtained from the second moment. Mixing‐cup averaged mean age and higher moments across the exit plane are identical to the corresponding moments of the residence‐time distribution. Numerical solutions for a 2‐D (two‐dimensional) reactor are studied and compared with those from a transient tracer equation. Agreement is excellent. Local tracer distribution function curves reveal that mean age is located on the long tail for both convection dominated short circuiting paths and diffusion dominated dead zones. Computing cost for the mean age and higher moment equations is orders of magnitude lower than that for the transient tracer concentration equation, making this mean age method an efficient tool to study mixing in steady continuous flow systems. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Analysis of Cardiac Development in the TurtleEmys orbicularis(Testudines: Emidydae) using 3‐D Computer Modeling from Histological Sections
Authors: Bertens Laura M.F. , Richardson M.K. , Verbeek F.J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this article we present a 3‐D modeling study of cardiac development in the European pond turtle,Emys orbicularis(of the reptilian order Testudines). The study is aimed at elucidating the embryonic development of the horizontal septum in the ventricle and underscoring the importance of 3‐D reconstructions in studying morphogenesis. Turtles possess one common ventricle, partly divided into three cava by a vertical and a horizontal septum, of which the embryonic origins have so far not been described. We used serial sectioning and computerized high‐resolution 3‐D reconstructions of different developmental stages to create a chronological overview of cardiogenesis, in order to study this process. This has yielded a new understanding of the development of the horizontal septum and (directly related) the looping of the heart tube. This looping is found to be markedly different from that in the human heart, with the turtle having two clear bends in the part of the heart tube leaving the primitive ventricle, as opposed to one in humans. It is this particular looping that is reponsible for the formation of the horizontal septum. In addition to our findings on the ventricular septation this study has also yielded new insights into the developmental origins of the pulmonary vein. The 3‐D reconstructions were built using our platform TDR‐3‐D base and enabled us to study the developmental processes in specific parts of the turtle heart separately and in three dimensions, over time. The complete 3‐D reconstructions have been made available to the reader via internet using our 3‐D model browser application, which allows interactive viewing of the models. The browser application can be found on bio‐imaging.liacs.nl/galleries/emysorbicularis/TurtleGallery.html, along with additional images of both models and histological sections and animation sequences of the models. By allowing the reader to view the material in such an interactive way, we hope to make optimal use of the new 3‐D reconstruction techniques and to engage the reader in a more direct manner. Anat Rec 239:1101–1114, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational Studies on Peptides of α‐Aminoxy Acids with Functionalized Side‐Chains
Authors: Yang Dan , Liu Guo‐Jun , Hao Yu , Li Wei , Dong Ze‐Min , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Zhu Nian‐Yong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPeptides of homochiral α‐aminoxy acids of nonpolar side chains can form a 1.88‐helix. In this paper, we report the conformational studies of α‐aminoxy peptides 1, 2, 3, which have functionalized side chains, in both nonpolar and polar solvents. 1H NMR, XRD, and FTIR absorption studies confirm the presence of the eight‐membered‐ring intramolecular hydrogen bonds (the N‐O turns) in nonpolar solvents as well as in methanol. CD studies of peptides 1, 2, 3 in different solvents indicate that a substantial degree of helical content is retained in methanol and acidic aqueous buffers. The introduction of functionalized side chains in α‐aminoxy peptides provides opportunities for designing biologically active peptides.
Environmental dependence of five photometric band concentration indexes for luminous red galaxies from the SDSS Data Release 7
Authors: Deng X.F. , Zou S.‐Y. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUsing the Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7), we explore the environmental dependence of five photometric band concentration indexes of LRGs. It turns out that the trends for all the five band concentration indexes to change with the local density are the same: galaxies with higher concentration reside preferentially in overdense environments, while galaxies with lower concentration are located preferentially in underdense environments (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The exceptional Herbig Ae star HD 101412: The first detection of resolved magnetically split lines and the presence of chemical spots in a Herbig star
Authors: Hubrig S. , Schöller M. , Savanov I. , Gonzälez J.F. , Cowley C.R. , Schütz O. , Arlt R. , Rüdiger G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn our previous search for magnetic fields in Herbig Ae stars, we pointed out that HD 101412 possesses the strongest magnetic field among the Herbig Ae stars and hence is of special interest for follow‐up studies of magnetism among young pre‐main‐sequence stars. We obtained high‐resolution, high signal‐to‐noise UVES and a few lower quality HARPS spectra revealing the presence of resolved magnetically split lines. HD 101412 is the first Herbig Ae star for which the rotational Doppler effect was found to be small in comparison to the magnetic splitting and several spectral lines observed in unpolarized light at high dispersion are resolved into magnetically split components. The measured mean magnetic field modulus varies from 2.5 to 3.5kG, while the mean quadratic field was found to vary in the range of 3.5 to 4.8 kG. To determine the period of variations, we used radial velocity, equivalent width, line width, and line asymmetry measurements of variable spectral lines of several elements, as well as magnetic field measurements. The period determination was done using the Lomb‐Scargle method. The most pronounced variability was detected for spectral lines of He I and the iron peak elements, whereas the spectral lines of CNO elements are only slightly variable. From spectral variations and magnetic field measurements we derived a potential rotation period Prot = 13.86 d, which has to be proven in future studies with a larger number of observations. It is the first time that the presence of element spots is detected on the surface of a Herbig Ae/Be star. Our previous study of Herbig Ae stars revealed a trend towards stronger magnetic fields for younger Herbig Ae stars, confirmed by statistical tests. This is in contrast to a few other (non‐statistical) studies claiming that magnetic Herbig Ae stars are progenitors of the magnetic Ap stars. New developments in MHD theory show that the measured magnetic field strengths are compatible with a current‐driven instability of toroidal fields generated by differential rotation in the stellar interior. This explanation for magnetic intermediate‐mass stars could be an alternative to a frozen‐in fossil field (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Eclipsing binaries in the MOST satellite fields
Authors: Pribulla T. , Rucinski S.M. , Latham D.W. , Quinn S.N. , Siwak M. , Matthews J.M. , Kuschnig R. , Rowe J.F. , Guenther D.B. , Moffat A.F.J. , Sasselov D. , Walker G.A.H. , Weiss W.W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSixteen new eclipsing binaries have been discovered by the MOST satellite among guide stars used to point its telescope in various fields. Several previously known eclipsing binaries were also observed by MOST with unprecedented quality. Among the objects we discuss in more detail are short‐period eclipsing binaries with eccentric orbits in young open clusters: V578 Mon in NGC 2244 and HD 47934 in NGC 2264. Long nearly‐continuous photometric runs made it possible to discover three long‐period eclipsing binaries with orbits seen almost edge‐on: HD 45972 with P = 28.1 days and two systems (GSC 154 1247 and GSC 2141 526) with P > 25 days. The high precision of the satellite data led to discoveries of binaries with very shallow eclipses (e.g., HD 46180 with A = 0.016 mag, and HD 47934 with A = 0.025 mag). Ground‐based spectroscopy to support the space‐based photometry was used to refine the models of several of the systems (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical recycling of polyhydroxyalkanoates as a method towards sustainable development
Authors: Ariffin Hidayah , Nishida Haruo , Hassan Mohd Ali , Shirai Yoshihito 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChemical recycling of bio‐based polymers polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by thermal degradation was investigated from the viewpoint of biorefinery. The thermal degradation resulted in successful transformation of PHAs into vinyl monomers using alkali earth compound (AEC) catalysts. Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)s (PHBVs) were smoothly and selectively depolymerized into crotonic (CA) and 2‐pentenoic (2‐PA) acids at lower degradation temperatures in the presence of CaO and Mg(OH)2 as catalysts. Obtained CA from 3‐hydroxybutyrate sequences in PHBV was copolymerized with acrylic acid to produce useful water‐soluble copolymers, poly(crotonic acid‐co‐acrylic acid) that have high glass‐transition temperatures. The copolymerization of CA derived from PHA pyrolysis is an example of cascade utilization of PHAs, which meets the idea of sustainable development.
Physicochemical properties of thiol proteinase inhibitor isolated from goat pancreas
Authors: Priyadarshini Medha , Khan Rizwan H. , Bano Bilqees 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThiol proteinase inhibitors are crucial to proper functioning of all living tissues consequent to their cathepsin regulatory and myriad important biologic properties. Equilibrium denaturation of dimeric goat pancreas thiol proteinase inhibitor (PTPI), a cystatin superfamily variant has been studied by monitoring changes in the protein's spectroscopic and functional characteristics. Denaturation of PTPI in guanidine hydrochloride and urea resulted in altered intrinsic fluorescence emission spectrum, diminished negative circular dichroism, and loss of its papain inhibitory potential. Native like spectroscopic properties and inhibitory activity are only partially restored when denaturant is diluted from guanidine hydrochloride unfolded samples demonstrating that process is partially reversible. Coincidence of transition curves and dependence of transition midpoint (3.2M) on protein concentration in guanidine hydrochloride‐induced denaturation are consistent with a two‐state model involving a native like dimer and denatured monomer. On the contrary, urea‐induced unfolding of PTPI is a multiphasic process with indiscernible intermediates. The studies demonstrate that functional conformation and stability are governed by both ionic and hydrophobic interactions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 708–717, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Triple Hyp→Pro replacement in integramide A, a peptaib inhibitor of HIV‐1 integrase: Effect on conformation and bioactivity
Authors: De Zotti Marta , De Borggraeve Wim , Kaptein Bernard , Broxterman Quirinus B. , Singh Sheo B. , Felock Peter J. , Hazuda Daria J. , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAIDS is produced by HIV‐induced infections. HIV integrase is an important enzyme as it is critical for the integration of the HIV genome into that of the host cell. This complex process is exclusively carried out by a viral enzyme not found in the host cell. Therefore, this protein represents a safe target for the development of single or combined anti‐HIV therapy. Integramide A is a 16‐mer long, effective peptaib inhibitor of HIV‐1 integrase. We have previously described a versatile synthetic strategy in solution to afford this natural compound and its diastereomer at positions 14 and 15. We also found that both peptides display a significant inhibitory activity. Here, we present our data on the synthesis in solution, in‐depth conformational analysis, and biological activity against HIV‐integrase of the analogs of the two above mentioned peptides in which all of the three (2S,4R)‐Hyp residues at positions 2, 9, and 13 are replaced by L‐Pro. This study definitely confirms that the mixed α‐/310‐ helical conformation of natural integramide A plays a key role in its mechanism of inhibition. Moreover, our data provide evidence that the amphipathic character of this helical structure is not required for the activity of integramide A against HIV‐1 integrase. These observations will hopefully help us to further clarify the precise mechanism of inhibition of this interesting peptaib and to identify shorter peptide sequences active against HIV‐1 integrase. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 49–59, 2011.
Terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy of poly‐L‐lysine
Authors: Kambara Ohki , Tamura Atsuo , Uchino Takashi , Yamamoto Kohji , Tominaga Keisuke 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPoly‐L‐lysine is known to have three different secondary structures depending on solvent conditions because of its flexible nature. In previous work (Kambara et al., Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008, 10, 5042‐5044), we observed two different types of structural changes in poly‐L‐lysine. In the present study, we investigated the low‐frequency spectrum of poly‐L‐lysine with a β‐sheet structure in the solid state by terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy. On the basis of this spectroscopic analysis, we found that the low‐frequency dynamics differed from those of other polypeptides. Furthermore, we performed powder X‐ray diffraction measurement on poly‐L‐lysine, which was found to be highly amorphous compared with other polypeptides. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 735–739, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between hospital volume and outcome for lower limb arterial surgery
Authors: Awopetu A I , Moxey P , Hinchliffe R J , Jones K G , Thompson M M , Holt P J E 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
The aim was to investigate whether a relationship existed between case volume and outcome for lower limb vascular surgical procedures.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched for all articles on population-based studies on the volume–outcome relationship for lower limb vascular surgery at hospital level. Outcomes were mortality and subsequent amputation after lower limb vascular surgery. The data were subjected to meta-analysis by outcome.

Results
Some 452 093 patients from ten studies were included in the systematic review and five studies were included in meta-analyses. Seven of these articles found a significant positive hospital–volume outcome relationship. The pooled effect estimate for mortality was odds ratio (OR) 0·81 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·71 to 0·91) and that for amputation was OR 0·88 (0·79 to 0·98), with better results being found after surgery at higher-volume hospitals. Significant heterogeneity was seen in the data.

Conclusion
Higher-volume hospitals were associated with reduced amputation and mortality rates after lower limb vascular surgery. These data were not as conclusive as those for other vascular surgical procedures owing to significant heterogeneity.
An educational tool for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Losilla F. , Sánchez P. , Alvarez B. , Iborra A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe present paper introduces a tool, which simplifies the description of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications by means of a visual language and automatic generation of executable code. The tool has been used to provide non‐experienced students with a practical introduction to WSN concepts in a short period of time. Using the tool allowed students to quickly develop their own applications and test with them, focusing on their functional aspects rather than on programming and platform‐dependent matters. This has yielded good results in the adaptation to the new European Higher Education Area (EHEA) envisaged by the Bologna Process, promoting an increased role of students in education as well as improving their motivation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 692–701, 2012
On‐line algorithm for optimal 3D path planning
Authors: Hun Chien‐Wan , Chen Hun‐Chen , Hwang Ming‐Fung 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe issues of automatic car operation aiming at in an unknown complex terrain are the most effective path planning and the obstacles avoiding in this complex terrain. For that, an on‐line algorithm for guiding a mobile object in an unexplored terrain filled with convex polygonal obstacles is presented. The mobile object was taken as a point‐size auto equipped with a sensor system, which is used to detect previously all visible parts of the obstacles surrounding it. Both the visibility and the tangent graph were modified and used in this algorithm to construct the basic concept. At each stage, the next subgoal was selected from local information provided by the sensor. Furthermore, in order to expand the algorithm to handle nonconvex polygonal obstacles and mazes, it was modified by adding backtracking and by removing visited vertices. The algorithm was implemented in MATLAB language, and several numerical examples are shown to evaluate its feasibility. Moreover, the convergence of the algorithm was examined using the visibility graph, and the performance of the algorithm was evaluated by simply comparing with other algorithms for both the length of the path and the traveling time from the initial point to the target point. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 713–720, 2012
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐oxindole Derivatives: Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Amination of 3‐Substituted 2‐Oxindoles with a Chiral Scandium Complex
Authors: Yang Zhigang , Wang Zhen , Bai Sha , Shen Ke , Chen Donghui , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA highly enantioselective α‐amination of 3‐substituted oxindoles with azodicarboxylates catalyzed by a chiral Sc(OTf)3/N,N′‐dioxide complex (Tf: triflate) has been developed and affords the corresponding 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole derivatives in high yields (up to 98 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 %ee). The procedure is capable of tolerating a relatively wide range of substrates, and excellent results (92–96 %ee) can also be obtained, even in the presence of 0.5 mol % of catalyst loading under mild conditions. These results showed the potential value of the catalytic approach. Moreover, with high synthetic versatility, the product could be easily transformed into optically active 3‐amino‐3‐methyloxindole bearing a chiral quaternary stereogenic center.
Data analysis in flow cytometry: The future just started
Authors: Lugli Enrico , Roederer Mario , Cossarizza Andrea 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the last 10 years, a tremendous progress characterized flow cytometry in its different aspects. In particular, major advances have been conducted regarding the hardware/instrumentation and reagent development, thus allowing fine cell analysis up to 20 parameters. As a result, this technology generates very complex datasets that demand for the development of optimal tools of analysis. Recently, many independent research groups approached the problem by using both supervised and unsupervised methods. In this article, we will review the new developments concerning the use of bioinformatics for polychromatic flow cytometry and propose what should be done to unravel the enormous heterogeneity of the cells we interrogate each day. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss,Inc.