bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanopore analysis of tethered peptides
Authors: Meng Howard , Detillieux Dielle , Baran Christian , Krasniqi Besnik , Christensen Christopher , Madampage Claudia , Stefureac Radu I. , Lee Jeremy S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPeptides of 12 amino acids were tethered via a terminal cysteine to mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and tetrabromomethyl‐substituted benzene to produce bundles of one to four peptide strands (CY12‐T1 to CY12‐T4, respectively). The interaction of the bundles with the α‐hemolysin pore was assessed by measuring the blockade currents (I) and times (T) at an applied potential of − 50, − 100, and − 150 mV. Three types of events could be distinguished: bumping events, with small I and short T where the molecule transiently interacts with the pore before diffusing away; translocation events, where the molecule threads through the pore with large I and the value of T decreases with increasing voltage; and intercalation events, where the molecule transiently enters the pore but does not translocate with large I and the value of T increases with increasing voltage. CY12‐T1 and CY12‐T2 gave only bumping and translocation events; CY12‐T3 and CY12‐T4 also gave intercalation events, some of which were of very long duration. The results suggest that three uncoiled peptide strands cannot simultaneously thread through the α‐hemolysin pore and that proteins must completely unfold in order to translocate. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating convectively coupled Kelvin waves using Lagrangian overturning for a convective parametrization
Authors: Haertel Patrick T. , Straub Katherine H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe first tests of a new Lagrangian atmospheric model (LAM) focus on its representation of moist convective processes. The LAM is constructed by modifying a Lagrangian ocean model to accommodate compressible fluid parcels. The model includes a simple convective parametrization referred to as ‘Lagrangian Overturning (LO)’, in which air parcels exchange vertical positions in convectively unstable regions. Radiative convective equilibrium experiments conducted with a single‐column version of the LAM show that combining LO with simple parametrizations for surface fluxes, radiation and the evaporation of rain produces realistic temperature and moisture profiles for the Tropics. When LO is used in a tropical aquaplanet model, convectively coupled Kelvin waves spontaneously develop that have realistic temperature and zonal wind perturbations. These results have implications both for the potential usefulness of Lagrangian models for simulating moist convective processes, and for the mechanism of convectively coupled equatorial waves. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Functional assessment of a surgical robot for reduction of lower limb fractures
Authors: Hung Shuo‐Suei , Lee Ming‐Yih 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents a novel robot designed for reduction of lower limb fractures, with the additional features of automatic controlled flexion of the knee joint, individual traction of thigh and leg, and foot rotation. The aim of this design is to assist the orthopaedic surgeon to perform better fracture reduction through motor control, in contrast to current manual control, and the results of assessments of its functions on normal subjects are presented in this paper.MethodsThe robot was designed to be mounted onto the operation table, and was controlled through open switch relay. Functional assessments were conducted on six healthy volunteers in terms of knee joint motion and lower limb traction; measurement of angle and distance was calculated from data obtained by a 3D ultrasonic motion system (Zebris®).ResultsThe results showed a good correlation of the flexion angle between the robot and the subjects at the knee joint. In the traction tests, a steady lengthening of the proximal as well as the distal segment of the robot was observed, and a slight increase in subjects' limb length was also recorded, which might be due to distraction in the joint space.ConclusionThis automatic control fracture table has distinct features compared with the conventional ones, and it is believed to be of assistance to surgeons when performing fracture fixations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resources, environmental change, and survival: asymmetric paths of young independent and subsidiary organizations
Authors: Bradley Steven W. , Aldrich Howard , Shepherd Dean A. , Wiklund Johan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing an evolutionary model and a sample of 7,166 firms in the manufacturing and technology sectors of Sweden, we find that surviving organizations founded independent of a parent organization have lower long‐term failure rates than their protected subsidiary counterparts. Specifically, we find that subsidiary organizations have low mortality rates when compared to independent organizations, but that their mortality rates increase more rapidly during a severe economic downturn. We also find evidence that surviving independent organizations are more capable than subsidiary organizations of using their resources to reduce mortality rates during an environmental jolt. Overall, our findings strengthen the notion that organizational adaptation is linked not only to ecological and strategic processes but also to organizational structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially Controlled Amyloid Reactions Using Organic Electronics
Authors: Gabrielsson Erik O. , Tybrandt Klas , Hammarström Per , Berggren Magnus , Nilsson K. Peter R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAbnormal protein aggregates, so called amyloid fibrils, are mainly known as pathological hallmarks of a wide range of diseases, but in addition these robust well‐ordered self‐assembled natural nanostructures can also be utilized for creating distinct nanomaterials for bioelectronic devices. However, current methods for producing amyloid fibrils in vitro offer no spatial control. Herein, we demonstrate a new way to produce and spatially control the assembly of amyloid‐like structures using an organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) to pump distinct cations to a reservoir containing a negatively charged polypeptide. The morphology and kinetics of the created proteinaceous nanomaterials depends on the ion and current used, which we leveraged to create layers incorporating different conjugated thiophene derivatives, one fluorescent (p‐FTAA) and one conducting (PEDOT‐S). We anticipate that this new application for the OEIP will be useful for both biological studies of amyloid assembly and fibrillogenesis as well as for creating new bioelectronic nanomaterials and devices.
Control of Non‐metallic Inclusions by Slag‐metal Reactions for High Strength Alloying Steels
Authors: Jiang M. , Wang X.H. , Wang W.J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA laboratory study was carried out to investigate non‐metallic inclusions in high strength alloying steel refined by high basicity slag. The results indicated that the inclusions were mainly of the CaOMgOAl2O3 system, Al2O3MgO and MgO‐based inclusions. The steel/slag reaction time and Al2O3 content in slag had a great effect on inclusions characteristics. With the reaction time increasing from 30 to 180 minutes, inclusions experienced a transformation process: from mainly Al2O3MgO system and MgO‐based inclusions to spherical CaOMgOAl2O3 system inclusions surrounded by a lower melting temperature surface layer of CaOAl2O3. Formation and transformation mechanisms of the inclusions were given based on the results. It was also found that with Al2O3 content in slag reduced from 40% to 30%, [Mg] contents in steel melts were increased and MgO in slag reached saturation, which contributed to the formation of more MgO‐based inclusions and a more scattered inclusion composition distribution after 90 min reaction.
Intrapartum translabial three‐dimensional ultrasound visualization of levator trauma
Authors: Blasi I. , Fuchs I. , D'amico R. , Vinci V. , La Sala G. B. , Mazza V. , Henrich W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to visualize levator trauma by three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound performed during labor and soon after the crowning of the fetal head and to determine how often levator trauma occurs.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study of 66 women enrolled during the first stage of labor. The women underwent intrapartum 3D transperineal ultrasound examination during the first and second stages of labor and within 12 h after delivery. Volume datasets were acquired and analyzed to determine the presence of levator trauma.ResultsData from 10 of the 66 women were excluded from analysis—nine because they underwent Cesarean section in the first or second stage of labor and one because she underwent hysterectomy and no postpartum volumes were collected. Thus our study group comprised 56 women—35 nulliparous and 21 parous. A total of 504 volumes were collected in the 56 women (three volumes for each stage of labor). One hundred and twenty levator volumes were excluded from analysis, but volumes of acceptable quality were available for all three stages of labor in all women. Eleven (31.4%) of the 35 nulliparae had levator lesions detected postpartum and none of them had levator lesions before delivery. Five (23.8%) of the 21 parous women had a levator tear detected in their postpartum volumes. In two of these five women the levator tear was also present in both volumes taken during labor.ConclusionsVisualization of the levator ani during labor by 3D ultrasound examination is feasible. Comparison of volumes obtained during labor and within the first 2 h after delivery supports the theory that crowning of the head is the immediate cause of avulsion of the levator ani muscle. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview of homocysteine and folate metabolism. With special references to cardiovascular disease and neural tube defects
Authors: Blom Henk J. , Smulders Yvo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis overview addresses homocysteine and folate metabolism. Its functions and complexity are described, leading to explanations why disturbed homocysteine and folate metabolism is implicated in many different diseases, including congenital birth defects like congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, late pregnancy complications, different kinds of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, osteoporosis and cancer. In addition, the inborn errors leading to hyperhomocysteinemia and homocystinuria are described. These extreme human hyperhomocysteinemia models provide knowledge about which part of the homocysteine and folate pathways are linked to which disease. For example, the very high risk for arterial and venous occlusive disease in patients with severe hyperhomocysteinemia irrespective of the location of the defect in remethylation or transsulphuration indicates that homocysteine itself or one of its “direct” derivatives is considered toxic for the cardiovascular system. Finally, common diseases associated with elevated homocysteine are discussed with the focus on cardiovascular disease and neural tube defects.
An adult onset case of alpha‐methyl‐acyl‐CoA racemase deficiency
Authors: Smith Emily Helen , Gavrilov Dimitar K. , Oglesbee Devin , Freeman William D. , Vavra Michael W. , Matern Dietrich , Tortorelli Silvia 
Published: September 2010

Abstractα‐Methyl‐acyl‐CoA‐racemase (AMACR) deficiency (OMIM 604489) is a rare peroxisomal disorder with a variable age of onset from infancy to late adulthood. We describe a 45‐year‐old male with a history of seizures who presented with relapsing encephalopathy. Laboratory studies revealed an elevated serum pristanic acid concentration, an elevated pristanic/phytanic acid ratio, as well as the previously described homozygous mutation in the AMACR gene, c.154T>C, consistent with AMACR deficiency. This homozygous mutation is associated with a variable phenotype ranging from neonatal cholestasis to late‐onset sensorimotor neuropathy. Dietary pristanic acid restriction was attempted to improve clinical status and the patient has remained in remission for more than 16 months.
CT findings of high-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities
Authors: Ceylan Naim , Bayraktaroglu Selen , Savaş Recep , Alper Hudaver 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Objectives
To review the computed tomography (CT) findings of common and uncommon high-attenuation pulmonary lesions and to present a classification scheme of the various entities that can result in high-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities based on the pattern and distribution of findings on CT.

Background
High-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities can result from the deposition of calcium or, less commonly, other high-attenuation material such as talc, amiodarone, iron, tin, mercury and barium sulphate. CT is highly sensitive in the detection of areas of abnormally high attenuation in the lung parenchyma, airways, mediastinum and pleura. The cause of the calcifications and other high-attenuation conditions may be determined based on the location and pattern of the abnormalities within the lung parenchyma and knowledge of the associated clinical features.

Results
We have presented a diagnostic approach based on the presence and distribution of five main patterns of high-attenuation conditions on CT: (1) small hyperdense nodules, (2) large calcified nodules or masses, (3) high-attenuation linear or reticular pattern, (4) high-attenuation consolidation and (5) high attenuation extraparenchymal lesions.

Conclusions
Some high-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities have characteristic CT findings suggesting the correct diagnosis. In other diseases, a combination of clinical features and radiological findings can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy.
Panic disorder and subthreshold panic in the UK general population: Epidemiology, comorbidity and functional limitation
Authors: Skapinakis P. , Lewis G. , Davies S. , Brugha T. , Prince M. , Singleton N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe epidemiology of panic disorder has not been investigated in the past in the UK using a nationally representative sample of the population. The aim of the present paper was to examine the epidemiology, comorbidity and functional impairment of subthreshold panic and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia.MethodWe used data from the 2000 Office for National Statistics Psychiatric Morbidity survey (N = 8580). Panic disorder and agoraphobia were assessed with the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).ResultThe prevalence of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia was 1.70% (95% confidence interval: 1.41–2.03%). Subthreshold panic was more common. Economic inactivity was consistently associated with all syndromes. The comorbidity pattern of the panic syndromes and the associated functional impairment show that panic-related conditions are important public health problems, even in subthreshold status.ConclusionsThe findings show that efforts to reduce the disability associated with psychiatric disorders should include detection and management of panic disorder.
Ontogeny of the Furongian (late Cambrian) remopleuridioid trilobiteHaniwa quadrataKobayashi, 1933 from Korea: implications for trilobite taxonomy
Authors: PARK TAE-YOON , CHOI DUCK K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe monophyly of the trilobite Order Asaphida has been challenged. The Superfamily Remopleuridioidea was included in the Order Asaphida, based on the ventral median suture and highly bulbous protaspis of the late Furongian–Tremadocian representatives of the group. The remopleuridioid,Haniwa quadrataKobayashi, 1933 from the Furongian (late Cambrian) Hwajeol Formation of Korea, represents a primitive morphology of the Remopleuridioidea. This trilobite does not have a typical globular morphology of asaphoid protaspis, and the free cheeks remained yoked together during the whole of the development. This supports the previous proposition that the Superfamily Remopleuridioidea should be excluded from the Order Asaphida. In addition, the evolution of a highly globular protaspis of the Ordovician remopleuridioid trilobites from the less bulbous protaspis corroborates the possibility of multiple evolutions of a highly globular protaspis. It can be argued that the possession of a highly globular protaspis does not guarantee the membership of the Order Asaphida, and thus the concept of the Order Asaphida should be emended.
The influence of feeding level from 20 to 45 kg live weight on the performance and body composition of female and entire male pigs
Authors: Campbell R. G. , Taverner M. R. , Curic D. M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTForty-two pigs representing equal numbers of entire males and females were used to study the effects on the performance and body composition of four restricted levels of feeding (14·5, 20·3, 24·9 and 29·4 MJ digestible energy per day), and of offering the same diet (14·5 MJ digestible energy per kg and 210 g crude protein per kg) ad libitum between 20 and 45 kg live weight.Over the four restricted feeding treatments there were no significant differences between the sexes for the performance and body composition of four restricted levels of feeding (14·5, 20·3, 24·9 and 29·4 MJ digestible energy per day), and of offering the same diet (14·5 MJ digestible energy per kg and 210 g crude protein per kg) ad libitum between 20 and 45 kg live weight.Although ad libitum energy intake was the same for both sexes (34·2 MJ digestible energy per day), raising digestible energy intake from that provided by the highest restricted feeding treatment (29·4 MJ/day) to ad libitum resulted in marked differences between the sexes for performance and body composition.For males, raising digestible energy intake from 29·3 to 34·2 MJ/day improved the rate of live-weight gain and protein deposition by 0·15 and 0·10 respectively but had no further effect on food conversion ratio or body fat. The same increase in digestible energy intake for females improved growth rate by only 0·065, had no further effect on the rate of protein deposition but increased markedly food conversion ratio and body fat.
The effect of dietary metabolizable energy concentration upon the pre- and post-weaning performance of growing rabbits
Authors: Butcher Catherine , Bryant M. J. , Owen E. , Leach I. , Machin D. H. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTwenty-five Californian does were mated and given pelleted diets of either 8(LE) or 10(HE) MJ/kg dry matter (ruminant metabolizable energy values) throughout gestation and lactation. Litter sizes were adjusted to six offspring per doe. Milk yield was estimated from the weight differences of the litters before and after suckling, when the opportunity for nursing was confined to once daily. The young rabbits were allowed access to either the LE or HE diets from 18 days of age. Weaning took place at 32 days of age when four rabbits from each doe grouP × pre-weaning diet were slaughtered. Diet had no effect on litter size or birth weight, but does on the LE diet had lower live weights post partum (P < 0·05). Dry-matter consumption by the does on the LE diet was greater than for the HE diet (P < 0·05) both during gestation and lactation, but calculated metabolizable energy intakes were lower during lactation. There were no statistically significant differences between treatments for milk yield or live-weight gain to weaning and dry-matter intakes of the young at weaning, but daily live-weight gain from fostering to 18 days of age was greater for litters of does fed the HE rather than the LE diet (P < 0·05). There were no statistically significant differences between diets for carcass traits at weaning.After weaning, 32 rabbits were given either the LE or HE diet until 2 kg live weight when they were slaughtered. A post-weaning × pre-weaning diet interaction (P < 0·05) occurred for live weights of the rabbits at the start of the post-weaning trial (i.e. after a 10-day adaptation period) with LE: LE rabbits being lighter than other rabbits as a results of poor live-weight gains during the adaptation period. Live-weight gains to slaughter were greater for the pre-weaning LE diet (P < 0·05) and the post-weaning HE diet (P < 0·01), although dry-matter intakes of the HE diet were less (P < 0·05). Rabbits on the LE diet had greater empty gut weights (P < 0·05) and lighter livers (P < 0·05) at slaughter.
Gas Cascade Amplification in Ultra-High-Resolution Environmental Scanning Electron Microcopy
Authors: Toth Milos , Thiel Bradley L. , Knowles W. Ralph 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe describe a feedback mechanism in the gas cascade amplification process used in magnetic immersion lens environmental scanning electron microcopy (ESEM). Feedback dominates gas gain under the conditions typically used for ultra-high-resolution ESEM and gives rise to novel dependencies of the imaging signal and noise on microscope operating parameters. It is ascribed tentatively to the generation of free electrons upon de-excitation of metastable species in the gas cascade. The results have implications for optimization of ESEM systems for applications such as critical dimension metrology and real-time imaging of nanostructure growth by gas mediated electron beam induced deposition.
Characterization of Healthy and Fluorotic Enamel by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Zavala-Alonso Verónica , Martínez-Castanon Gabriel A. , Patiño-Marín Nuria , Terrones Humberto , Anusavice Kenneth , Loyola-Rodríguez Juan P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim was to characterize the external structure, roughness, and absolute depth profile (ADP) of fluorotic enamel compared with healthy enamel. Eighty extracted human molars were classified into four groups [TFI: 0, control (C); 1–3, mild (MI); 4–5, moderate (MO); 6–9, severe fluorosis (S)] according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI). All samples were analyzed by atomic force microscopy.The mean values of enamel surface roughness (ESR) in nm were: Group C, 92.6; Group MI, 188.8; Group MO, 246.9; and Group S, 532.2. The mean values of absolute depth profile in nm were: C, 1,065.7; MI, 2,360.7; MO, 2,536.7; and S, 6,146.2. The differences between mean ESR and mean ADP among groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This structural study confirms at the nanometer level that there is a positive association between fluorosis severity, ESR, and ADP, and there is an association with the clinical findings of fluorosis measured by TFI as well.