bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equivalent mortality after operation with sliding hip screw or intramedullary nail for trochanteric AO/OTA A1 and A2 fractures reported in the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register 2008 to 2020
Authors: Ahmad Amara , Egeland Emma H. , Dybvik Eva H. , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Lie Stein A. , Fenstad Anne M. , Matre Kjell , Furnes Ove 
Published: June 2024

AimsThis study aimed to compare mortality in trochanteric AO/OTA A1 and A2 fractures treated with an intramedullary nail (IMN) or sliding hip screw (SHS). The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality, with secondary endpoints at 0 to 1, 2 to 7, 8 to 30, 90, and 365 days.MethodsWe analyzed data from 26,393 patients with trochanteric AO/OTA A1 and A2 fractures treated with IMNs (n = 9,095) or SHSs (n = 17,298) in the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (January 2008 to December 2020). Exclusions were made for patients aged < 60 years, pathological fractures, pre-2008 operations, contralateral hip fractures, fractures other than trochanteric A1/A2, and treatments other than IMNs or SHSs. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses adjusted for type of fracture, age, sex, cognitive impairment, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, and time period were conducted, along with calculations for number needed to harm (NNH).ResultsIn unadjusted analyses, there was no significant difference between IMN and SHS patient survival at 30 days (91.8% vs 91.1%; p = 0.083) or 90 days (85.4% vs 84.5%; p = 0.065), but higher one-year survival for IMNs (74.5% vs 73.3%; p = 0.031) compared with SHSs. After adjustments, no significant difference in 30-day mortality was found (hazard rate ratio (HRR) 0.94 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86 to 1.02(; p = 0.146). IMNs exhibited higher mortality at 0 to 1 days (HRR 1.63 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.34); p = 0.009) compared with SHSs, with a NNH of 556, but lower mortality at 8 to 30 days (HRR 0.89 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.00); p = 0.043). No differences were observed in mortality at 2 to 7 days (HRR 0.94 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.11); p = 0.434), 90 days (HRR 0.95 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.02); p = 0.177), or 365 days (HRR 0.97 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.02); p = 0.192).ConclusionThis study found no difference in 30-day mortality between IMNs and SHSs. However, IMNs were associated with a higher mortality at 0 to 1 days and a marginally lower mortality at 8 to 30 days compared with SHSs. The observed differences in mortality were small and should probably not guide choice of treatment.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(6):603–612.
Clinical efficacy of multiple intra-articular injection for hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Lei Ting , Wang Yiyi , Li Mingqing , Hua Long 
Published: June 2024

AimsIntra-articular (IA) injection may be used when treating hip osteoarthritis (OA). Common injections include steroids, hyaluronic acid (HA), local anaesthetic, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Network meta-analysis allows for comparisons between two or more treatment groups and uses direct and indirect comparisons between interventions. This network meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of various IA injections used in the management of hip OA with a follow-up of up to six months.MethodsThis systematic review and network meta-analysis used a Bayesian random-effects model to evaluate the direct and indirect comparisons among all treatment options. PubMed, Web of Science, Clinicaltrial.gov, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to February 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluate the efficacy of HA, PRP, local anaesthetic, steroid, steroid+anaesthetic, HA+PRP, and physiological saline injection as a placebo, for patients with hip OA were included.ResultsIn this meta-analysis of 16 RCTs with a total of 1,735 participants, steroid injection was found to be significantly more effective than placebo injection on reported pain at three months, but no significant difference was observed at six months. Furthermore, steroid injection was considerably more effective than placebo injection for functional outcomes at three months, while the combination of HA+PRP injection was substantially more effective at six months.ConclusionEvidence suggests that steroid injection is more effective than saline injection for the treatment of hip joint pain, and restoration of functional outcomes.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(6):532–539.
HIV, syphilis and sexual-risk behaviours’ prevalence among in-and out-of-school adolescent girls and young women in Zambia: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Musonda Patrick , Halwiindi Hikabasa , Kaonga Patrick , Ngoma-Hazemba Alice , Simpungwe Matildah , Mweemba Mable , Tembo Chowa , Zyambo Cosmas , Chisoso John , Munakampe Margaret , Choonga Powell , Ngalamika Owen , Musukuma Mwiche , Chavula Malizgani P. , Sichula Noah , Mweemba Oliver , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Phiri Henry 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundIn Zambia, 3.8% of young women and men aged 15–24 are HIV positive. However, like in most developing nations, HIV prevalence is higher among young women than young men (5.6% versus 1.8%). Despite the recognition of the rights of young people to sexual reproductive health (SRH) information and services, adolescent and young people (AYP) still face challenges in accessing healthcare in public health institutions including access to comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDs, HIV testing and contraceptives. The overall objective of the study was to collect baseline HIV, SRH and gender based violence (GBV) data at district level to inform the design of interventions targeting adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 10–24 years in 20 districts of Zambia.MethodsA cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted in 20 districts of Zambia with the highest incidence of HIV. Data was collected between August and October 2022 with a total response rate of 92% (12,813/13960), constituting 5979 (46.7%) in-school and 6834 (53.3%) out-of-school participants.ResultsOverall, Mwinilunga, Chinsali, Chisamba and Chembe districts had the highest number of respondents, while Sinazongwe and Mungwi districts contributed the least. The overall age distribution was such that 12.6% (n = 1617) of those interviewed were aged 10 to 14 years, 35.4% (n = 4536) were aged 15–19 years, and 52.0% (n = 6660) were aged 20–24 years. The overall mean age at first sex among AGYW interviewed was 16.6 years which was broken down as follows: 16.2 years for in-school and 16.8 years for out of school. Overall, most of the respondents had first time sex with either their boyfriend (80.4%) or husband (15.6%), with 2.4% of the in-school participants reporting to have had their sexual debut in marriage compared to 21.0% among out-of-school AGYW. Prevalence of HIV was higher in the out-of-school compared to the in-school participants (5.5% vs 2.0%), Similarly, the prevalence of syphilis was higher in the out-of-school than the in-school participants (4.1% vs 1.5%).ConclusionThe study focused on assessing the prevalence and vulnerability of HIV, syphilis, GBV, and SRH services uptake among adolescent girls and young women, and exploring factors affecting girls’ stay-in-school and re-engagement. The study found that HIV and syphilis are still significant public health problems among adolescent girls and young women in Zambia, emphasizing the need for increased efforts to prevent and manage these infections.
Audit and feedback to change diagnostic image ordering practices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Badejo Oluwatosin , Saleeb Maria , Hall Amanda , Furlong Bradley , Logan Gabrielle S. , Gao Zhiwei , Barrett Brendan , Alcock Lindsay , Aubrey-Bassler Kris 
Published: June 2024

Background
Up to 30% of diagnostic imaging (DI) tests may be unnecessary, leading to increased healthcare costs and the possibility of patient harm. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess the effect of audit and feedback (AF) interventions directed at healthcare providers on reducing image ordering. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of AF on the appropriateness of DI ordering.

Methods
Studies were identified using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov registry on December 22nd, 2022. Studies were included if they were randomized control trials (RCTs), targeted healthcare professionals, and studied AF as the sole intervention or as the core component of a multi-faceted intervention. Risk of bias for each study was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were completed using RevMan software and results were displayed in forest plots.

Results
Eleven RCTs enrolling 4311 clinicians or practices were included. AF interventions resulted in 1.5 fewer image test orders per 1000 patients seen than control interventions (95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference -2.6 to -0.4, p-value = 0.009). The effect of AF on appropriateness was not statistically significant, with a 3.2% (95% CI -1.5 to 7.7%, p-value = 0.18) greater likelihood of test orders being considered appropriate with AF vs control interventions. The strength of evidence was rated as moderate for the primary objective but was very low for the appropriateness outcome because of risk of bias, inconsistency in findings, indirectness, and imprecision.

Conclusion
AF interventions are associated with a modest reduction in total DI ordering with moderate certainty, suggesting some benefit of AF. Individual studies document effects of AF on image order appropriateness ranging from a non-significant trend toward worsening to a highly significant improvement, but the weighted average effect size from the meta-analysis is not statistically significant with very low certainty.
Developing a multimedia patient-reported outcomes measure for low literacy patients with a human-centered design approach
Authors: Azad Chao Long , Beres Laura K. , Wu Albert W. , Fong Allan , Giladi Aviram M. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Almost all patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) are text-based, which impedes accurate completion by low and limited literacy patients. Few PROMs are designed or validated to be self-administered, either in clinical or research settings, by patients of all literacy levels. We aimed to adapt the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity Short Form (PROMIS-UE) to a multimedia version (mPROMIS-UE) that can be self-administered by hand and upper extremity patients of all literacy levels.

Methods
Our study in which we applied the Multimedia Adaptation Protocol included seven phases completed in a serial, iterative fashion: planning with our community advisory board; direct observation; discovery interviews with patients, caregivers, and clinic staff; ideation; prototyping; member-checking interviews; and feedback. Direct observations were documented in memos that underwent rapid thematic analysis. Interviews were audio-recorded and documented using analytic memos; a rapid, framework-guided thematic analysis with both inductive and deductive themes was performed. Themes were distilled into design challenges to guide ideation and prototyping that involved our multidisciplinary research team. To assess completeness, credibility, and acceptability we completed additional interviews with member-checking of initial findings and consulted our community advisory board.

Results
We conducted 12 hours of observations. We interviewed 17 adult English-speaking participants (12 patients, 3 caregivers, 2 staff) of mixed literacy. Our interviews revealed two distinct user personas and three distinct literacy personas; we developed the mPROMIS-UE with these personas in mind. Themes from interviews were distilled into four broad design challenges surrounding literacy, customizability, convenience, and shame. We identified features (audio, animations, icons, avatars, progress indicator, illustrated response scale) that addressed the design challenges. The last 6 interviews included member-checking; participants felt that the themes, design challenges, and corresponding features resonated with them. These features were synthesized into an mPROMIS-UE prototype that underwent rounds of iterative refinement, the last of which was guided by recommendations from our community advisory board.

Discussion
We successfully adapted the PROMIS-UE to an mPROMIS-UE that addresses the challenges identified by a mixed literacy hand and upper extremity patient cohort. This demonstrates the feasibility of adapting PROMs to multimedia versions. Future research will include back adaptation, usability testing via qualitative evaluation, and psychometric validation of the mPROMIS-UE. A validated mPROMIS-UE will expand clinicians’ and investigators’ ability to capture patient-reported outcomes in mixed literacy populations.
New invasion or expansion: evaluating the genetic relationships of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) among detections in Florida
Authors: Todd Terrance N. , Steck Gary J. , Barr Norman B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the oriental fruit fly, is a highly invasive species that has occasionally been detected in Florida, where conditions are highly favorable for the establishment of this pest. In 2015, a major infestation of B. dorsalis was detected in the Redland agricultural area of Miami-Dade county. Other detections of this pest have occurred in various locations in Florida, including the Redland area, before and after 2015. Questions arose whether any of these detections were related to the major infestation in Redland in 2015, possibly as one or more small, scattered populations that went undetected over time only to resurge as better conditions arose. To address this question, the genetic variation of the 2015 Redland outbreak was characterized using microsatellite DNA and by sequencing a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Population structure analyses and exclusion testing was performed on flies captured in years immediately preceding and after 2015 using microsatellites to determine (1) if flies were inconsistent with a shared source and (2) if the 2015 population could be excluded as source of subsequent captures. The COI sequences of the flies also were compared to determine if the 2015 outbreaks could explain variation in subsequent years. Results from this study found that flies captured before and after 2015 were not related to the population eradicated in Redland in 2015. Therefore, we concluded that flies captured in Florida between 2014 and 2021 were not part of any single, continuous breeding population that persisted over months.
Crystal structure of tetraethylammonium bicarbonate–1-(diaminomethylene)thiourea(1/1)
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Wang Peiyu , Zhu Xin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
C44H108N20O12S4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.0480(3) Å, b = 18.6415(7) Å, c = 11.9008(4) Å, β = 103.242(2)°, V = 1737.97(11) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0471, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1422, T = 296(2) K.
Material–Art–Dust. Reflections on Dust Research between Art and Theory
Authors: Rauh Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Dust is a distinctive material that, in addition to its physical properties, reveals anthropological and cultural dimensions, particularly within aesthetic contexts. In a collaborative project focused on “dust,” a theoretical-systematic approach is combined with an artistic-practical-participatory one. Philosophical reflections and artistic concepts related to the material “dust,” specific artworks involving dust, and the relationship between artwork and theory are interwoven. Thus, the text discusses various types of dust, the role of the artist, different modes of perception, cultural context, forms of dust and materiality, media-specific characteristics, and questions of mediation. Throughout this process, common practices of artistic and theoretical engagement are transformed and developed.
Migration study of uranium in Beishan granite by the continuous column method
Authors: Gong Siyi , Zheng Jinguang , Yang Xin , Ma Yan , Tong Zhenfeng , Chen Tao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Radionuclide migration is an essential process in the performance and safety assessments of radioactive waste repository. This study investigates uranium migration in Beishan granite using the continuous column method, focusing on the effects of flow rate, eluent pH, and carbonate. Experimental parameters were used to perform COMSOL simulations of the migration process. The findings reveal that mechanical dispersion plays a predominant role in uranium migration in the granite column. Notably, the impact of adsorption on migration appears to be limited, likely due to the brief contact time in the experimental setup. The study successfully demonstrates the capability of COMSOL in simulating radionuclide migration, offering significant insights for the performance and safety assessments of repository.
Which has Higher Real Effects on an US Unincorporated Territory, The Price of Crude Oil or the Monetary Policy?
Authors: Rodriguez Carlos , Quintero Braulio 
Published: June 2024

Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the United States of America. As part of the political-economic arrangement between both political entities, Puerto Rico does not control the local price of oil because it does not have domestic sources of oil, and it does not control its monetary policy, as that is a right reserved by the U.S. Federal Reserve System. This paper investigates the impacts of exogenous shocks of oil price and monetary policy on the Economic Activity Index, Puerto Rico Consumer Price Index, total non-farm employment, electricity consumption, gasoline consumption, and cement sales. Impulse response functions are used to study the oil price and monetary policy shocks. The oil price shock had a more significant effect on gasoline consumption than on electricity consumption. Monetary policy shocks had a higher magnitude on electricity consumption than on gasoline consumption. The monetary policy and oil price shock had minimal effect on the aggregated endogenous variables, Economic Activity Index, and Puerto Rico Consumer Price Index. This study suggests that individuals in Puerto Rico are vulnerable to a volatile oil market. Also, both exogenous variable shocks had minimal impact on employment. As for future steps, it would be prudent to investigate the effect of both exogenous variables on individual employment sectors, not aggregated. Besides, the government of Puerto Rico should develop policies to minimize the effect of oil price shocks.
Spotted Fever Group rickettsiae are the Dominant Pathogens in Parasitic Rhipicephalus microplus in Yunpan and Menghun, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Lin , Miao Guangqing , Hou Xuexia , Wang Peng , Guo Ying , Duan Cunjuan , Yang Xiaona , Hao Qin 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Distribution of the bacterium flora in ticks has an essential role in mapping and preventing local tick-borne diseases. The purpose of the current study was to map the bacterium flora and identify the main pathogens in ticks in grazing areas of Yunnan province.

Methods:
The V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA amplifier sequencing was used to analyze the tick-borne pathogens in Rh. Microplus. A prevalence survey on B. burgdorferi s.l., B. miyamotoi, E. chaffeensis, A. phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetiid, and the spotted fever group rickettsiae was carried out using PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was used to identify and cluster the main prevalent microbe amplicons.

Results:
One hundred five genera and 117 species were detected in 50 ticks. Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, and Ehrlichia were identified in tick samples by high-throughput sequencing at the genus level. Pathogen prevalence testing showed that the ticks were positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. (9/50 [18%]), A. phagocytophilum (1/50 [2%]), and the spotted fever group rickettsiae (35/50 [70%]), which were closely related to Candidatus R. jiangxinensis.

Conclusion:
The spotted fever group rickettsiae was the dominant pathogens in Xishuangbanna. Dual co-infection (1/50 [14%]) with Candidatus R. jiangxinensis and Borrelia garinii was demonstrated. V3-V4 high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was not sensitive to identify species for some bacteria, so more accurate and comprehensive analysis is necessary.
Race, Time, and Architecture: Dilemmas of Africanization in Ghana, 1951–66
Authors: Stanek Łukasz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the Africanization of architectural labor in Ghana during the late colonial and early postindependence periods (1951–66). It focuses on the state-supported emergence, advancement, and emancipation of Indigenous architects and institutions in the context of decolonization and the Cold War. Using archival materials held in Accra, Kumasi, and London, the article shows how professionals and administrators negotiated between their double obligations: to fast-track governmental development plans and to Africanize the Public Works Department and its successors. These decision makers addressed temporal dilemmas concerning recruitment, standards, allocation, and racialization of architectural labor. In so doing, they redefined both colonial-era racial categories and racialized Cold War imaginaries of who counted as an African and who counted as an Other. This study advances the architectural history of postcolonial Ghana and broadens the debate about racialization of architecture beyond North America and Western Europe.
Linguistic Categories and Expression in Javanese Language of The Coastal Community In Banjar Kemuning Village, Sidoarjo
Authors: Chafidhi Umar , Rais Wakit Abdullah , Purnanto Dwi 
Published: June 2024

Â This study reveals all Javanese language categories and expressions of the coastal community of Banjar Kemuning village, Sidoarjo district through the perspective of ethnolinguistic studies. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. This research uses ethnographic methods with the analysis model that is the ethnoscience model. The results of this study indicate that through the mindset and knowledge system of society, it has been found all kinds of Javanese language categories and expressions in their speech expressions in the form of a way of life in terms of livelihoods as fishermen and pond farmers, the names of fishing tools and pond farmers, the names of sea products, a set of terms of offerings and various rituals, mantra or prayers as well as local wisdom of the village community hidden behind verbal and non verbal expressionsÂ Â
Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Late Permian Wargal Limestone: Implication for Reservoir Potential in the Salt Range, Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Ghazi Shahid , Waqas Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The present work comprehensively highlights the Late Permian Wargal limestone exposed in the western Salt Range, Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to determine its hydrocarbon with the help of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. The outcrop data classified the studied formation into nine lithological units in the Nammal Gorge, Gundi, and Lakrakki Nala sections. Our sequence stratigraphic interpretation reveals that the Wargal Limestone consists of four depositional sequences. These sequences consist of regressive system tract and tansgressive system tract that developed during relative sea-level fall and rise, respectively. Based on contents of fossils, quratz grains and matrix, the studied formation can be classified into six microfacies that suggests the deposition of the carbonate facies thrived in inner to middle shelf environment. Moreover, microfacies comprises of numerous diagenetic features that support the potential of hydrocarbon content. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) data suggests that the main composition of the Wargal Limestone is calcite. Consequently, the integrated results of the sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, and geochemical analysis provide the credible evidences of its significance in exploration industry.