bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Perceived Need for CRC Screening among the Elderly Living in Rural Areas in the Pacific Northwest US: Roles of Miscommunication, Experience of Discrimination, and Dependence
Authors: Huang Qian , Peng Wei , Han Jihae , Mao Bingjing 
Published: May 2024

Purpose Increasing the perceived need for CRC screening can facilitate undertaking CRC screening. This study aims to identify factors associated with the need for CRC screening in rural populations. Design A cross-sectional online survey. Setting The survey was conducted in June - September 2022 in the rural areas of Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, US. Subjects The subjects of this study were 250 adults (completion rate: 65%) aged 45-75 residing in rural Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Measures Perceived need for CRC screening, internet usage for health purposes, demographics, and intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and environmental characteristics. Results Perceived need for CRC screening were negatively associated with patient-provider miscommunication ( β = −.23, P < .001) and perceived discrimination ( β = −.21, P < .001), cancer fatalism (β = −.16, P < .05), individualism ( β = −.15, P < .05), and dependence on community ( β = −.11, P < .05), but positively with compliance with social norms ( β = .16, P < .05), trust in health care providers ( β = .16, P < .05), knowledge about colorectal cancer ( β = .12, P < .05). Conclusions Our study showed potential individual and situational characteristics that might help increase colorectal cancer screening. Future efforts might consider addressing discrimination in health care settings, improving patient-provider communication, and tailoring messaging to reflect the rural culture.
Knowledge about unintended pregnancy shortly after childbirth: An issue of ineffective counseling or adherence?
Authors: Essien Samuel Kwaku , Chireh Batholomew , Essien John Kwasi 
Published: May 2024

Background: Being aware of the possibility of becoming pregnant shortly after childbirth before the resumption of the menstrual period is often overlooked but remains a significant contributor to unintended pregnancies and may lead to maternal and neonatal comorbidities. Exploring the extent of awareness and associated factors could help tailor more interventions toward reducing the rates of short-interval unplanned pregnancies. Objective: This study explores the extent to which Ghanaian women are aware of the possibility of becoming pregnant shortly after childbirth before the resumption of the menstrual period and its associated factors. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey. The women participants were sampled using a two-stage cluster sampling design. Methods: We analyzed the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey data of 8815 women who had given birth and received both antenatal care and postnatal checks after delivery in health facilities (private and public) and responded to questions on being aware of short interpregnancy intervals. A multivariable survey logistic regression was used for the analysis. Results: Of the 8815 women, approximately 62% of women who received both antenatal care and postnatal examinations before discharge reported being aware of short interpregnancy intervals. Postnatal examination before discharge but not antenatal care was associated with a higher awareness of short interpregnancy intervals. Women who received a postnatal examination were more aware of short interpregnancy intervals than their counterparts (adjusted odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.61). Also, awareness of short interpregnancy intervals increased with age, education, knowledge of the fertile period, contraceptive use, and delivery via cesarean section. Conclusion: Over a decade following the initiation of Ghana’s free maternal health policy, there remains a significant gap in the awareness of short interpregnancy intervals, even among women who received both antenatal pregnancy care and postnatal examinations before discharge. The unawareness of the short interpregnancy interval observed in approximately 38% of women raises concerns about the effectiveness of counseling or education provided during antenatal care and immediate post-partum care regarding birth spacing, contraceptive use, the timing of resumption of sexual activity, and the extent to which women adhere to such guidance.
Sex-related disparities in cough-associated symptoms across different age groups
Authors: Kang Jiyeon , Seo Woo Jung , Kim Jung Gon , Moon Ji-Yong , Kim Deog Kyeom , Kim Jin Woo , Jang Seung Hun , Kwon Jae-Woo , Lee Byung-Jae , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung 
Published: May 2024

Background: Sex-related disparities in the prevalence of chronic cough have been consistently reported globally, with varying male-to-female ratios. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate sex-related differences by comparing correlations between cough-related symptoms in males and females of different age groups. Design: Adult patients with chronic cough who completed the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) were recruited from 16 respiratory centers. Methods: Correlation networks were constructed based on Spearman’s correlation coefficients in males and females of various age groups. The distinct relationships of cough-related symptoms between subgroups were validated by an independent cohort. Results: A total of 255 patients were enrolled in this study (male-to-female ratio, 1:1.71). The following LCQ items were highly correlated: embarrassment and interference with daily work, anxiety, and interference with overall life enjoyment/feeling of being fed up, interference with daily work and overall life enjoyment, interference with overall life enjoyment and feeling of being fed up, and feeling of being fed up and annoyance to partner/family/friends. The patterns of these correlations between LCQ items varied in males and females of different ages. The strongest interrelationship was observed in male patients aged >50 years old, which was similar to those in the validation cohort. Conclusion: The correlation patterns between cough-related symptoms vary significantly according to age and sex. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of cough-related symptoms may facilitate sex- and age-specific strategies for chronic cough.
IL-1 in aging and pathologies of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Caiado Francisco , Manz Markus G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Defense-oriented inflammatory reactivity supports survival at younger age but might contribute to health impairments in modern, aging societies. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokines are highly conserved and regulated, pleiotropic mediators of inflammation, essential to respond adequately to infection and tissue damage but also with potential host damaging effects when left unresolved. In this review, we discuss how continuous low-level IL-1 signaling contributes to aging-associated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) functional impairments and how this inflammatory selective pressure acts as a driver of more profound hematological alterations, such as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, and to overt HSPC diseases, like myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic neoplasia as well as acute myeloid leukemia. Based on this, we outline how IL-1 pathway inhibition might be used to prevent or treat inflammaging-associated HSPC pathologies.
ECHDC2 inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by binding with NEDD4 to degrade MCCC2 and reduce aerobic glycolysis
Authors: He Jiancheng , Yi Jianfeng , Ji Li , Dai Lingchen , Chen Yu , Xue Wanjiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The Enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family plays a crucial role in the metabolism of tumors, being crucial for maintaining the energy balance and biosynthetic needs of cancer cells. However, the enzymes within this family that are pivotal in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear.

Methods
We employed bioinformatics techniques to identify key Enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase in GC. The expression of ECHDC2 and its clinical significance were validated through tissue microarray analysis. The role of ECHDC2 in GC was further assessed using colony formation assays, CCK8 assay, EDU assay, Glucose and lactic acid assay, and subcutaneous tumor experiments in nude mice. The mechanism of action of ECHDC2 was validated through Western blotting, Co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence experiments.

Results
Our analysis of multiple datasets indicates that low expression of ECHDC2 in GC is significantly associated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of ECHDC2 notably inhibits aerobic glycolysis and proliferation of GC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Further experiments revealed that overexpression of ECHDC2 suppresses the P38 MAPK pathway by inhibiting the protein level of MCCC2, thereby restraining glycolysis and proliferation in GC cells. Ultimately, it was discovered that ECHDC2 promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MCCC2 protein by binding with NEDD4.

Conclusions
These findings underscore the pivotal role of the ECHDC2 in regulating aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in GC cells, suggesting ECHDC2 as a potential therapeutic target in GC.
Estimation of the earlywood and latewood ratio with different particle size of dry and wet milled Japanese cedar wood flour by using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Kobori Hikaru , Egawa Akari , Sakaguchi Kazuya , Kojima Yoichi , Aoki Kenji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMechanical properties of wood–plastic composites are influenced by a particle size and surface morphology of wood flour. Generally various sizes of wood flour are produced from single solid wood even if the single process is used. If the different particle size of wood flour is produced from different wood tissue such as earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW), not only particle size but also density and chemical composition of wood flour might influence the mechanical property of final products. This study aims to investigate the relationship between particle size and their origin; EW and LW. EW and LW were separately milled to produce the EW and LW flour by dry and wet milling. Hyperspectral images ranging 400–1000 nm for each wood flour were used as training data. Discriminant model of EW and LW flour developed by PLS-DA showed over 0.77 of accuracy. Then the EW and LW were dry and wet milled together and screened by three different sieve openings to obtain different particle size wood flour. Discriminant model was applied for the hyperspectral images of each size of wood flour to estimate the EW and LW ratio. The result showed that increasing sieve opening resulted in the increasing ratio of LW for dry milled wood flours. The results suggest that the EW was easily pulverized than LW.
Unveiling the genetic architecture and transmission dynamics of a novel multidrug-resistant plasmid harboring blaNDM-5 in E. Coli ST167: implications for antibiotic resistance management
Authors: Han Dengke , Ma Suzhen , He Chenhong , Yang Yuxing , Li Peng , Lu Lanfen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strains poses significant challenges in clinical settings, particularly when these strains harbor New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM) gene, which confer resistance to carbapenems, a critical class of last-resort antibiotics. This study investigates the genetic characteristics and implications of a novel blaNDM-5-carrying plasmid pNDM-5-0083 isolated from an E. coli strain GZ04-0083 from clinical specimen in Zhongshan, China.

Results
Phenotypic and genotypic evaluations confirmed that the E. coli ST167 strain GZ04-0083 is a multidrug-resistant organism, showing resistance to diverse classes of antibiotics including ß-lactams, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides, while maintaining susceptibility to monobactams. Investigations involving S1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Southern blot analysis, and conjugation experiments, alongside genomic sequencing, confirmed the presence of the blaNDM-5 gene within a 146-kb IncFIB plasmid pNDM-5-0083. This evidence underscores a significant risk for the horizontal transfer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. Detailed annotations of genetic elements—such as resistance genes, transposons, and insertion sequences—and comparative BLAST analyses with other blaNDM-5-carrying plasmids, revealed a unique architectural configuration in the pNDM-5-0083. The MDR region of this plasmid shares a conserved gene arrangement (repA-IS15DIV-blaNDM-5-bleMBL-IS91-suI2-aadA2-dfrA12) with three previously reported plasmids, indicating a potential for dynamic genetic recombination and evolution within the MDR region. Additionally, the integration of virulence factors, including the iro and sit gene clusters and enolase, into its genetic architecture poses further therapeutic challenges by enhancing the strain’s pathogenicity through improved host tissue colonization, immune evasion, and increased infection severity.

Conclusions
The detailed identification and characterization of pNDM-5-0083 enhance our understanding of the mechanisms facilitating the spread of carbapenem resistance. This study illuminates the intricate interplay among various genetic elements within the novel blaNDM-5-carrying plasmid, which are crucial for the stability and mobility of resistance genes across bacterial populations. These insights highlight the urgent need for ongoing surveillance and the development of effective strategies to curb the proliferation of antibiotic resistance.
Correlation between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and hypertension risk: evidence from a cross-sectional study with 60,283 adults in eastern China
Authors: Chen Yijia , Du Jinling , Zhou Nan , Song Yingqian , Wang Weiwei , Hong Xin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are established risk factors for hypertension, with triglyceride-glucose (TyG) serving as a recognized surrogate marker for IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TyG-BMI and hypertension in the general population.

Methods
A total of 60,283 adults aged ≥18 years who underwent face-to-face questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory examination were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to determine the association between TyG-BMI and hypertension. The restricted cubic spline model was used for the dose-response analysis.

Results
After fully adjusting for confounding variables, multivariate logistic regression model showed a stable positive association between TyG-BMI and hypertension (OR: 1.61 per SD increase; 95% CI: 1.55–1.67; P-trend < 0.001). The multivariate adjusted OR and 95% CI for the highest TyG-BMI quartile compared with the lowest quartile were 2.52 (95% CI 2.28–2.78). Dose-response analysis using restricted cubic spline confirmed that the association between TyG-BMI index and hypertension was linear. Subgroup analyses showed that stronger associations between TyG-BMI index and hypertension were detected in young and middle-aged individuals (P for interaction < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that TyG-BMI index could better predict the risk of hypertension than other parameters (TyG-BMI cut-off value: 207.105, AUC: 0.719, sensitivity 65.5%, specificity 66.8%), particularly among young and middle-aged people.

Conclusion
The TyG-BMI index was independently associated with hypertension in the study population. Further studies are required to confirm this relationship.
Older people’s perception of being frail – a qualitative exploration
Authors: Hall Abigail J. , Nikolova Silviya , Prescott Matthew , Goodwin Victoria A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Frailty is a suggested consequence of ageing, but with a variety of different definitions the understanding of what it means to be frail is challenging. There is a common belief that frailty results in a reduction of physical functioning and ability and therefore is likely to significantly affect a person’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the understanding of older people about the meaning of frailty and the potential consequences of being classified as frail.

Methods
This paper forms a secondary analysis of a process evaluation of a complex intervention that was embedded within the individually randomised Home-based Extended Rehabilitation of Older people (HERO) trial. A maximum variation, purposive sampling strategy sought to recruit participants with a wide range of characteristics. Data collection included observations of the delivery of the intervention, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with participants. Thematic analysis was used to make sense of the observational and interview data, adopting both inductive and deductive approaches.

Results
Ninety three HERO trial participants were sampled for the process evaluation with a total of 60 observational home visits and 35 interviews were undertaken. There was a wide range in perceptions about what it meant to be classified as frail with no clear understanding from our participants. However, there was a negative attitude towards frailty with it being considered something that needed to be avoided where possible. Frailty was seen as part of a negative decline that people struggled to associate with. There was discussion about frailty being temporary and that it could be reduced or avoided with sufficient physical exercise and activity.

Conclusion
Our study provides insight into how older people perceive and understand the concept of frailty. Frailty is a concept that is difficult for patients to understand, with most associating the term with an extreme degree of physical and cognitive decline. Having a label of being “frail” was deemed to be negative and something to be avoided, suggesting the term needs to be used cautiously.

Trial registration
ISRCTN 13927531. Registered on April 19, 2017.
Tuberculosis treatment delay and associated factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients at public health facilities in Dale District and Yirgalem Town administration, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia
Authors: Rima Daniel Dawit , Legese Derese , Woldesemayat Endrias Markos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment delay is one of the major challenges of TB care in many low-income countries. Such cases may contribute to an increased TB transmission and severity of illness. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of patient delay in TB treatment, and associated factors in Dale District and Yirgalem Town administration of Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
Between January 1-Augst 30/ 2022, we studied randomly selected 393 pulmonary TB cases on Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) in Dale District and Yirgalem Town Administration. After conducting a pretest, we interviewed participants on sociodemographic, health seeking behavior and clinical factors and reviewed the TB registry. Trained enumerators interviewed to collect data. We entered data in to EPI-info 7 version 3.5.4 and then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of TB and statistical significance was defined using the 95% confidence interval.

Result
A total of 393 (98%) participants involved in the study. The magnitude of delay in TB treatment among the study participants was 223 (56.7%) (95% CI (51.8 – 61.6%)). Distance of the health facility from home, (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.04, 95% CI (1.3, 3.2)), seeking antibiotic treatment before being diagnosed for TB (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI (1.3, 3.5)) and the knowledge of TB prevention and treatments (AOR = 5.9, 95% CI (3.6, 9.8)), were factors associated with delay in TB treatment.

Conclusion
The prevalence of TB treatment delay among pulmonary TB patients in the study setting was high. Delay in TB treatment was associated with knowledge, behavioral and accessibility related factors. Providing health education and active case finding of TB would help in minimizing the delay.
Myoclonus improvement after seizures in progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 7: a case report
Authors: G S B Lima Pedro Lucas , Nobrega Paulo R , Freua Fernando , Braga-Neto Pedro , Paiva Anderson R B , Guimarães Thiago Gonçalves , Kok Fernando 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy (PME) is a group of rare diseases that are difficult to differentiate from one another based on phenotypical characteristics.

Case report
We report a case of PME type 7 due to a pathogenic variant in KCNC1 with myoclonus improvement after epileptic seizures.

Discussion
Myoclonus improvement after seizures may be a clue to the diagnosis of Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy type 7.
Safe Stop IPI-NIVO trial: early discontinuation of nivolumab upon achieving a complete or partial response in patients with irresectable stage III or metastatic melanoma treated with first-line ipilimumab-nivolumab – study protocol
Authors: Janssen J. C. , van Dijk B. , de Joode K. , Aarts M. J. B. , van den Berkmortel F. W. P. J. , Blank C. U. , Boers-Sonderen M. J. , van den Eertwegh A. J. M. , de Groot J. W. B. , Jalving M. , de Jonge M. J. A. , Joosse A. , Kapiteijn E. , Kamphuis-Huismans A. M. , Naipal K. A. T. , Piersma D. , Rikhof B. , Westgeest H. M. , Vreugdenhil G. , Oomen-de Hoop E. , Mulder E. E. A. P. , van der Veldt Astrid A. M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with irresectable stage III or metastatic melanoma presenting with poor prognostic factors are usually treated with a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), consisting of ipilimumab and nivolumab. This combination therapy is associated with severe immune related adverse events (irAEs) in about 60% of patients. In current clinical practice, patients are usually treated with ICIs for up to two years or until disease progression or the occurrence of unacceptable AEs. The incidence of irAEs gradually increases with duration of treatment. While durable tumour responses have been observed after early discontinuation of treatment, no consensus has been reached on optimal treatment duration. The objective of the Safe Stop IPI-NIVO trial is to evaluate whether early discontinuation of ICIs is safe in patients with irresectable stage III or metastatic melanoma who are treated with combination therapy.

Methods
The Safe Stop IPI-NIVO trial is a nationwide, multicentre, prospective, single-arm, interventional study in the Netherlands. A total of 80 patients with irresectable stage III or metastatic melanoma who are treated with combination therapy of ipilimumab-nivolumab and have a complete or partial response (CR/PR) according to RECIST v1.1 will be included to early discontinue maintenance therapy with anti-PD-1. The primary endpoint is the rate of ongoing response at 12 months after start of ICI. Secondary endpoints include ongoing response at 24 months, disease control at different time points, melanoma specific and overall survival, the incidence of irAEs and health-related quality of life.

Discussion
From a medical, healthcare and economic perspective, overtreatment should be prevented and shorter treatment duration of ICIs is preferred. If early discontinuation of ICIs is safe for patients who are treated with the combination of ipilimumab-nivolumab, the treatment duration of nivolumab could be shortened in patients with a favourable tumour response.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05652673, registration date: 08–12-2022.