bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis resinifera to Norway spruce
Authors: Krokene Paal , Roux Jolanda , Solheim Halvor , Wingfield Michael J. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe blue‐stain fungus Ceratocystis resinifera colonizes wounds on living Picea spp. and other conifers in Europe and North America. Little is known regarding the pathogenicity of this fungus and consequently, four Norwegian C. resinifera isolates were inoculated on to Norway spruce (Picea abies) using two different techniques. These included single‐point inoculations on young trees (two inoculations per tree on 14‐year‐old trees) and mass‐inoculations on older trees (∼200 inoculations per tree on 34‐year‐old trees). In both experiments, C. resinifera induced minor symptoms that in most cases did not differ significantly from inoculation with sterile agar. The virulent blue‐stain fungus C. polonica, which was inoculated for comparative purposes, induced extensive symptoms, causing 83% dead cambium circumference and 82% blue‐stained sapwood, and long necrotic lesions in the phloem. The results suggest that C. resinifera is non‐pathogenic or only mildly pathogenic to Norway spruce and does not present a threat to these trees.
Brain natriuretic peptide as a predictor of delayed atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Okada Y. , Shibazaki K. , Kimura K. , Iguchi Y. , Miki T. 
Published: October 2009

Background and purpose:  We investigated whether the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level can serve as a predictive biological marker of delayed atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods:  Two hundred and thirty seven consecutive patients admitted to our institution with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) within 24 h of onset were enrolled. The patients were classified according to the presence or absence of AF upon admission [AF and sinus rhythm (SR) groups]. The SR group was subdivided based on the development of AF after admission (new‐ and non‐AF groups). We compared the characteristics between the AF and SR groups, and between the new‐ and non‐AF groups. The factors associated with new‐AF were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:  Amongst the enrolled patients, 72 (30.4%) had AF upon admission (AF group), and 13 (5.5%) developed AF thereafter (new‐AF group). The plasma BNP level was significantly higher in the AF, than in the SR group (401.7 vs. 92.1 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Moreover, the plasma BNP level was significantly higher in the new‐, than in the non‐AF group (184.7 vs. 84.1 pg/ml, P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff BNP level required to distinguish new‐, from non‐AF groups was 85.0 pg/ml, and the sensitivity and specificity was 83.3% and 76.2%, respectively. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, plasma BNP level >85.0 pg/ml (odds ratio, 7.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.71 to 30.43, P = 0.007) was an independent factor associated with new‐AF.Conclusion:  High plasma BNP level should be a strong predictor of delayed AF after ischaemic stroke or TIA.
The TRPC6 channel activator hyperforin induces the release of zinc and calcium from mitochondria
Authors: Tu Peng , Gibon Julien , Bouron Alexandre 
Published: October 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 204–213.AbstractHyperforin, an extract of the medicinal plant hypericum perforatum (also named St John’s wort), possesses antidepressant properties. Recent data showed that it elevates the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ by activating diacylglycerol‐sensitive C‐class of transient receptor potential (TRPC6) channels without activating the other isoforms (TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, and TRPC7). This study was undertaken to further characterize the cellular neuronal responses induced by hyperforin. Experiments conducted on cortical neurons in primary culture and loaded with fluorescent probes for Ca2+ (Fluo‐4) and Zn2+ (FluoZin‐3) showed that it not only controls the activity of plasma membrane channels but it also mobilizes these two cations from internal pools. Experiments conducted on isolated brain mitochondria indicated that hyperforin, like the inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, carbonyl cyanide 4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), collapses the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, it promotes the release of Ca2+ and Zn2+ from these organelles via a ruthenium red‐sensitive transporter. In fact, hyperforin exerts complex actions on CNS neurons. This antidepressant not only triggers the entry of cations via plasma membrane TRPC6 channels but it displays protonophore‐like properties. As hyperforin is now use to probe the functions of native TRPC6 channels, our data indicate that caution is required when interpreting results obtained with this antidepressant.
The antinociceptive effect and adverse drug reactions of oxycodone in human experimental pain in relation to genetic variations in the OPRM1 and ABCB1 genes
Authors: Zwisler Stine T. , Enggaard Thomas P. , Noehr‐Jensen Lene , Mikkelsen Soeren , Verstuyft Céline , Becquemont Laurent , Sindrup Soeren H. , Brosen Kim 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to search for a possible association between the variant allele of the single nucleotide polymorphisms A118G in the OPRM1 gene and C3435T and G2677T/A in the ABCB1 gene and altered antinociceptive effect and adverse drug reactions of oxycodone. Thirty‐three healthy subjects exposed to experimental pain including electrical stimulation and the cold pressor test were included. A118G: We found that the variant G allele was associated with reduced antinociceptive effect as measured by pain tolerance thresholds to single electrical nerve stimulation (8% increase vs. 25% for the wild‐type carriers, P = 0.007). C3435T: The carriers of the variant T allele generally had less adverse drug reactions on oxycodone than the carriers of the wild‐type genotype. G2677T/A: The carriers of the variant T allele had a better antinociceptive effect of oxycodone than the carriers of the wild‐type genotype in the cold pressor test (25% reduction vs. 15%, P = 0.015 in the discomfort rating and 25% reduction vs. 12%, P = 0.007 in the pain time AUC) and less adverse drug reactions. The combined wild‐type genotype 3435CC‐2677GG was associated with less antinociceptive effect of oxycodone in the discomfort rating of the cold pressor test (13% reduction vs. 23%, P = 0.019) and more severe adverse drug reactions than the carriers of the variant alleles. We found a moderate association between less antinociceptive effect of oxycodone and the variant allele of A118G. There was strong association between less adverse drug reactions of oxycodone and the variant alleles of C3435T and G2677T/A.
Chief Executive Officer Equity Incentives and Accounting Irregularities
Authors: ARMSTRONG CHRISTOPHER S. , JAGOLINZER ALAN D. , LARCKER DAVID F. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examines whether Chief Executive Officer (CEO) equity‐based holdings and compensation provide incentives to manipulate accounting reports. While several prior studies have examined this important question, the empirical evidence is mixed and the existence of a link between CEO equity incentives and accounting irregularities remains an open question. Because inferences from prior studies may be confounded by assumptions inherent in research design choices, we use propensity‐score matching and assess hidden (omitted variable) bias within a broader sample. In contrast to most prior research, we do not find evidence of a positive association between CEO equity incentives and accounting irregularities after matching CEOs on the observable characteristics of their contracting environments. Instead, we find some evidence that accounting irregularities occur less frequently at firms where CEOs have relatively higher levels of equity incentives.
Capillary Endothelial Na+, K+, ATPase Transporter Homeostasis and a New Theory for Migraine Pathophysiology
Authors: Harrington Michael G. , Fonteh Alfred N. , Arakaki Xianghong , Cowan Robert P. , Ecke Laurel E. , Foster Hailey , Hühmer Andreas F. , Biringer Roger G. 
Published: October 2009

(Headache2010;50:459‐478)Background.—Cerebrospinal fluid sodium concentration ([Na+]csf) increases during migraine, but the cause of the increase is not known.Objective.—Analyze biochemical pathways that influence [Na+]csfto identify mechanisms that are consistent with migraine.Method.—We reviewed sodium physiology and biochemistry publications for links to migraine and pain.Results.—Increased capillary endothelial cell (CEC) Na+, K+, ‐ATPase transporter (NKAT) activity is probably the primary cause of increased [Na+]csf. Physiological fluctuations of all NKAT regulators in blood, many known to be involved in migraine, are monitored by receptors on the luminal wall of brain CECs; signals are then transduced to their abluminal NKATs that alter brain extracellular sodium ([Na+]e) and potassium ([K+]e).Conclusions.—We propose a theoretical mechanism for aura and migraine when NKAT activity shifts outside normal limits: (1) CEC NKAT activity below a lower limit increases [K+]e, facilitates cortical spreading depression, and causes aura; (2) CEC NKAT activity above an upper limit elevates [Na+]e, increases neuronal excitability, and causes migraine; (3) migraine‐without‐aura may arise from CEC NKAT over‐activity without requiring a prior decrease in activity and its consequent spreading depression; (4) migraine triggers disturb, and treatments improve, CEC NKAT homeostasis; (5) CEC NKAT‐induced regulation of neural and vasomotor excitability coordinates vascular and neuronal activities, and includes occasional pathology from CEC NKAT‐induced apoptosis or cerebral infarction.
Migraine and Obesity: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Implications
Authors: Peterlin B. Lee , Rapoport Alan M. , Kurth Tobias 
Published: October 2009

(Headache 2010;50:631‐648)Adipose tissue is a dynamic neuroendocrine organ that is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, and when excessive, results in obesity. Clinical and population‐based data suggest that migraine and chronic daily headache are associated with obesity, as estimated by anthropometric indices. In addition, translational and basic science research shows multiple areas of overlap between migraine pathophysiology and the central and peripheral pathways regulating feeding. Specifically, neurotransmittors such as serotonin, peptides such as orexin, and adipocytokines such as adiponectin and leptin have been suggested to have roles in both feeding and migraine. In this article, we first review the definition and ascertainment of obesity. This is followed by a review of the clinical and population‐based studies evaluating the associations between obesity and chronic daily headache and migraine. We then discuss the central and peripheral pathways involved in the regulation of feeding, where it overlaps with migraine pathophysiology, and where future research may be headed in light of these data.
Absence of modulation of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in CTCL patients treated with bexarotene
Authors: Knol Anne Chantal , Quéreux Gaëlle , Brocard Anabelle , Ballanger Fabienne , Khammari Amir , Nguyen Jean‐Michel , Dréno Brigitte 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: Absence of modulation of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in CTCL patients treated with bexarotene. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e95–e102.Abstract:  Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders, characterized by the infiltration of the epidermis by mature and activated malignant CD4+ T‐lymphocytes. Retinoids such as retinoic acid and synthetic analogues have long been used alone or in combination with other therapies for CTCL. Bexarotene, the first synthetic highly selective RXR retinoid, was approved for the treatment of all stages of CTCL in patients refractory to at least one systemic therapy. Recently, six cases in which the initiation of bexarotene therapy for CTCL was associated with the progression of internal disease despite improvement of cutaneous signs and symptoms were reported. Moreover, it has been established that retinoids promote the generation of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, raising the question of an induction of regulatory T‐cells by bexarotene. The aim of this work was to determine if bexarotene induces an increase of functional regulatory T cells which could play a role in the development of secondary extra‐cutaneous lymphomas. Regulatory T cells were studied both in cutaneous biopsy specimens using an immunohistochemical analysis of CD4, CD25 and Foxp3 and in blood where proportion and functionality of circulating CD4+CD25high T‐cells were determined. The study was performed in 10 patients [five patients with Sézary syndrome (SS) and five mycosis fungoïdes (MF)], treated for 6 months with bexarotene. Four healthy donors were used as controls for phenotypic and functional analysis on PBL. We found that the frequency of CD4+CD25high Treg cells was not significantly different before starting bexarotene and after 6 months of treatment in CTCL patients. However, we observed that the frequency of CD4+CD25high Treg cells before the beginning of the treatment was significantly increased compared to healthy donors. In addition, functional assays demonstrated that Foxp3 expressing CD4+CD25high T‐cells were capable of suppressing autologous CD4 + CD25− T‐cell proliferation. In the present work, we detected the presence of functional circulating CD4+CD25high Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cells in CTCL patients, with an increased frequency compared to healthy donors. The treatment with bexarotene does not seem to affect the regulatory T‐cell compartment.
Lipidome of narrow‐band ultraviolet B irradiated keratinocytes shows apoptotic hallmarks
Authors: Reich Adam , Schwudke Dominik , Meurer Michael , Lehmann Bodo , Shevchenko Andrej 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: Lipidome of narrow‐band ultraviolet B irradiated keratinocytes shows apoptotic hallmarks. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e103–e110.AbstractBackground:  UV light triggers a variety of biological responses in irradiated keratinocytes that might be associated with global perturbation of their lipidome. However, lipids that are specifically affected and the exact molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood.Objectives:  To characterize time‐dependent changes of the lipidome of cultured keratinocytes induced by narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) irradiation.Methods:  Immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were cultured under standard conditions, irradiated with NB‐UVB light (311 nm) at 400 and 800 mJ/cm2 and collected 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h later for lipid extraction. Lipid extracts were separated on silica plates in chloroform/ethanol/water/triethylamine (35:40:9:35) and in n‐hexane/ethylacetate (5:1) followed by quantitative shotgun lipidomics analysis.Results:  Irradiation with 800 mJ/cm2 of NB‐UVB altered morphology and lipidome composition of HaCaT cells. Ceramide content increased two‐fold 6‐ and 12‐h postirradiation with 800 mJ/cm2, followed by threefold increase in triacylglycerols (TAGs) that peaked at 24 h. In addition, we observed marked increase of various phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine ethers, whereas phosphatidylcholine‐species with short‐chain fatty acid moieties decreased. The abundance of other lipid species was altered to lesser extent or remained unchanged.Conclusions:  NB‐UVB affected the cellular lipidome of keratinocytes in strictly apoptosis‐specific manner.
Fluorescence induction of protoporphyrin IX by a new 5‐aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion used for photodynamic therapy in a full‐thickness ex vivo skin model
Authors: Maisch Tim , Santarelli Francesco , Schreml Stephan , Babilas Philipp , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: Fluorescence induction of protoporphyrin IX by a new 5‐aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion used for photodynamic therapy in a full‐thickness ex vivo skin model. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e302–e305.Abstract:  An ex vivo porcine skin model was utilized to analyse the penetration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) contained in a nanoemulsion‐based formulation BF‐200 ALA (10% 5‐ALA‐hydrochloride) versus 16% aminolevulinate methyl ester‐hydrochloride in a commercially cream (MAL cream) by fluorescence microscopy of their common metabolite protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after 3, 5, 8 and 12 h. Fluorescence signals of PpIX in pig skin treated with BF‐200 ALA were stronger than those for MAL cream. At 8 and 12 h, the PpIX fluorescence signals were 4.8‐ and 5.0‐fold higher than those measured after MAL cream application. Fluorescence signals of PpIX after application of BF‐200 ALA were detected in deeper tissue layers of the epidermis than after application of MAL cream (97.2 ± 5.7 μm for BF‐200 ALA vs 42.0 ± 4.2 μm for MAL cream). These data implicate that BF‐200 ALA in photodynamic therapy might lead to a superior therapeutically effect of intraepidermal (in situ) squamous cell carcinomas.
Skiing Less Often in a Warmer World: Attitudes of Tourists to Climate Change in an Australian Ski Resort
Authors: PICKERING CATHERINE MARINA , CASTLEY J. GUY , BURTT MICHELLE 
Published: October 2009

AbstractClimate change will affect tourism destinations that are dependent on natural resources, such as snow. Currently there is limited research into attitudes, intentions and actual visitation patterns of skiers in response to reduced snow cover. Therefore the awareness of, and attitudes towards, climate change of 351 ski tourists were assessed in the largest ski resort in Australia in 2007, repeating a survey conducted in 1996. Ninety percent of skiers in 2007 would ski less often in Australian resorts if the next five years had low natural snow, up from 75% of skiers surveyed in 1996: 69% would ski less often, 5% would give up and 16% would ski at the same levels but overseas. Nearly all skiers thought that climate change would affect the ski industry (87% compared with 78% in 1996), and that this would occur sooner than in the 1996 survey. Visitation in a poor snow year (2006, +0.85°C average annual temperature, 54% less natural snow) was −13.6% of the long‐term average, indicating poor natural snow resulted in decreased visitation, despite extensive use of snow making. The implications of changes in climate conditions and tourist attitudes for Australian ski resorts are assessed including for snow making and summer tourism.
Controlling the Bleeding of Carmine Colorant in Crabstick
Authors: Poowakanjana Samanan , Park Jae W. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT:  Carmine used to color surimi seafood often seeps or bleeds from red‐colored meat to white meat when vacuum‐packed products go through high‐temperature long‐time pasteurization. Various physical and chemical treatments were examined to investigate means to inhibit or minimize carmine bleeding in surimi seafood products. Degree of bleeding was analyzed using L* (lightness) and a* (redness) as affected by carmine concentrations, pH, pasteurization conditions, and added calcium compounds. Bleeding was significantly affected by carmine concentrations. Optimum carmine concentration in color paste was 0.1%. Bleeding increased when pasteurization time and/or temperature increased. Color bleeding was also affected by moisture content of surimi paste. Carmine bleeding was minimized as pH of color solution decreased. The degree of bleeding was controlled as calcium compounds were added in color solution in a descending order of calcium chloride, calcium acetate, and calcium hydroxide. Minimal inhibition was obtained when color solutions contained calcium citrate, tricalcium phosphate, and calcium lactate.Practical Application: This manuscript addresses one of the long time problems in the surimi crabstick industry. Various means to control carmine bleeding or color transfer under high temperature for long time pasteurization were demonstrated. However, further study must continue to stop bleeding completely.
Assessing morphological and DNA‐based diet analysis techniques in a generalist predator, the arrow squid Nototodarus gouldi
Authors: BRALEY MICHELLE , GOLDSWORTHY SIMON D. , PAGE BRAD , STEER MIKE , AUSTIN JEREMY J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEstablishing the diets of marine generalist consumers is difficult, with most studies limited to the use of morphological methods for prey identification. Such analyses rely on the preservation of diagnostic hard parts, which can limit taxonomic resolution and introduce biases. DNA‐based analyses provide a method to assess the diets of marine species, potentially overcoming many of the limitations introduced by other techniques. This study compared the effectiveness of morphological and DNA‐based analysis for determining the diet of a free‐ranging generalist predator, the arrow squid (Nototodarus gouldi). A combined approach was more effective than using either of the methods in isolation. Nineteen unique prey taxa were identified, of which six were found by both methods, 10 were only detected using DNA and three were only identified using morphological methods. Morphological techniques only found 50% of the total number of identifiable prey taxa, whereas DNA‐based techniques found 84%. This study highlights the benefits of using a combination of techniques to detect and identify prey of generalist marine consumers.
Intersession repeatability of optical coherence tomography measures of retinal thickness in early age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Patel Praveen J. , Chen Fred K. , Ikeji Felicia , Tufail Adnan 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the intersession repeatability of Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures of retinal thickness in patients with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods:  Measurement of retinal thickness was performed over four sessions over 12 weeks using a standardized OCT protocol with the fast macular thickness map in 67 non‐treated eyes of 67 patients with AMD enrolled in a clinical trial. The intrapatient standard deviation (Sw) and 95% coefficient of repeatability (CR) (), expressed in μm and as a percentage of mean retinal thickness, were calculated to estimate intersession repeatability.Results:  The CR was 32 μm for the average retinal thickness in the central 1 mm A1 subfield [95% confidence interval (CI) 31–33 μm] and 53 μm (95% CI 51–55 μm) for the centre‐point thickness (CPT). When expressed as a percentage, the CR was 15% (95% CI 14–16) for the central 1 mm A1 subfield and 29% (95% CI 27–30) for the CPT measure.Conclusion:  The average central 1 mm (A1) subfield retinal thickness measure shows good intersession repeatability in patients with stable, early AMD with poorer repeatability for the CPT measure. The results suggest that a change in Stratus OCT retinal thickness of more than 32 μm in the central A1 subfield is more indicative of true clinical change in these patients.