bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovering from terror: the Egyptian and Balinese experiences
Authors: Crawford Damion 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the recovery of the Balinese and Egyptian tourism industries after experiencing terrorist attacks, to see what can be learnt by Caribbean destinations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies the principles of consumer behaviour to the observed behaviours of tourists in post‐crisis situations.FindingsThe Caribbean's dependence on the tourism industry for economic growth has made the region potentially more vulnerable to a crisis external to the industry, such as terrorism. Many Caribbean stakeholders are concerned about the potential impact of terrorism; however, recent events in Bali and Egypt have shown that the tourism industry is much more resilient than was first assumed.Practical implicationsFindings suggest that the effects of crises can be controlled by increasing the consumer's perception of value. Additionally, managing media coverage can be used to influence the perception of risk.Originality/valueThe paper provides an insight into crisis management in the tourism industry.
Conclusions: tourism, crime and terrorism: what are the risks, challenges and policy options?
Authors: Clayton Anthony , Boxill Ian 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to conclude the theme issues and identify the respective contributions from each paper to identifying the risks, challenges and policy options posed by crime and terrorism for tourism development.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the conclusions and practical implications of research, secondary analysis and interviews with practitioners.FindingsThe theme issue advocates a combination of both hard and soft policing measures and educational programs targeting youth which emphasise the avoidance of criminal behaviour; improving planning and decision making mechanisms with regard to security measures; and the implementation of a fully integrated national security system, which recognizes tourist security as part of the larger national security for all citizens.Practical implicationsAt the broader policy level, the theme issue recommends that governments aim to achieve a more equitable distribution of the earnings from tourism nationally and greater focus on impoverished communities, especially in close proximity to the tourist resorts.Originality/valueThe paper draws on extensive secondary analysis to examine the relationships between crime, terrorism and tourism development and identifies the key issues and policy options for industry and government stakeholders.
The evolution of resource‐advantage theory
Authors: Hunt Shelby D. 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a personal retrospective on six of the key events/experiences that influenced the development of the structure, foundational premises, and models of the resource‐advantage theory of competition.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a personal retrospective approach.FindingsThe paper finds that six key events influenced the development of resource‐advantage theory: B.J. “Bud” LaLonde emphasizes the works of Alderson; Rob Morgan suggests an article on the resource‐based theory of the firm; Roy Howell suggests a presentation on R‐A theory; Randy Sparks shows a “socialist calculation” article; Kim Boal suggests theJournal of Management Inquiryas a publication outlet; and Bob Phillips discusses his work on “firm effects vs industry effects”. The paper then relates each of the six events to the paths, routes, or procedures that are often proposed as (or reported to be) likely to lead to the development of theories.Originality/valueBy providing the evolutionary history of resource‐advantage theory, the paper provides implications for developing marketing theories.
Marketing strategy
Authors: Shaw Eric H. 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to organize the semantics jungle of marketing strategy approaches, terms and concepts into a logically coherent framework using the history of marketing thought to inform current marketing research and practice.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of an intensive literature review tracing the three streams of marketing strategy terms and concepts from their roots in the literatures of early marketing management, managerial economics and corporate management to the present.FindingsAlong with marketing ideas, strategy concepts from managerial economics and from corporate management were absorbed directly into the corpus of strategic marketing thought. These three streams of research have converged into the current state of marketing strategy – an eclectic mixture of both complementary and conflicting strategic approaches, terms and concepts. By systematically following the evolutionary development of major contributions to strategic marketing thought and by redefining terms and refining concepts the various approaches to strategy can be integrated into a comprehensive conceptual framework for organizing and choosing among individual marketing strategies.Originality/valueThe framework offers conceptual and practical value. It provides a researcher with a consistent set of terms and concepts to build upon. The framework also provides a strategic toolkit for the marketing manager, based upon organizational and environmental conditions, to choose from among the feasible alternatives the most effective marketing strategy to achieve management's goal(s).
The life cycle concept in marketing research
Authors: Bauer Martina , Auer‐Srnka Katharina J. 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThis research seeks to provide a historical review of the life cycle concept in marketing. The paper aims to show the development of traditional life cycle models and links to the life course perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe authors relate to life events and transitions in consumers' life trajectories, life status, role transitions, and role identities as determinants of consumer behavior. The paper reveals future research potential in the field. Essentially, the authors demonstrate the need for life cycle models grounded on empirical data and discuss related methodological issues.FindingsThis paper provides a temporal systematization of theoretical and empirical life cycle research. The major outcome is an outline of conceptual and methodological research directions that enable researchers to follow the life course perspective and to derive empirically grounded life cycle models.Research limitations/implicationsProviding chronological literature compilations and an evolutionary review of life cycle research, the authors identify future research directions. To encourage empirical development of the concept, the article also refers to the related methodological literature.Practical implicationsBoth marketing thought and practitioners benefit from the insights presented. Marketing managers may better address consumers' changing needs over their lifetime, strengthen customer loyalty and reduce brand switching, thereby enhancing customer lifetime value.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the study of the consumer life cycle by providing a comprehensive anthology of life cycle research from 1910 to 2010. It shows major research streams and reveals future research potential in marketing.
Marketing education and acculturation in the early twentieth century
Authors: Witkowski Terrence H. 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThis article seeks to bring two hitherto neglected Polish language texts on selling and salesmanship to the attention of marketing historians. In contrast to Bartels' seminal work, this research aims to show that early marketing writing was not just in the English language and that early marketing thought was disseminated via instruction outside institutions of higher education. The research also intends to explore how marketing education served to acculturate one group of immigrants to American business norms.Design/methodology/approachThe primary sources are Sprzedawca czyli: Sztuka Prowadzenia Handlu Podług Systemów Amerykańskich (Salesman: The Art of Commerce According to American Norms) by Józef Mierzyński and Sprzedawnictwo Sklepowe (Store Salesmanship), third edition, by Bolesław Z. Urbanski. Both were published in Chicago. Their tables of contents were translated and compared to selected English language texts on selling and salesmanship written about the same time. Additional information on the authors, publishers, and potential audience was also gathered to give context to these texts.FindingsThese Polish language books contained much of the same information as the English language literature on sales from the period, but with more information on personal comportment and more illustrative material. These books provide evidence of sophisticated business thinking among some Polish immigrants. Commercial correspondence courses and self‐instruction brought early marketing thought to this market and thus helped Poles enter the American economic mainstream.Originality/valueThe article shows that these are the first books on selling and salesmanship – or on any other marketing topic – known to be written in the USA prior to 1920 in a language other than English. They are worthy of close scrutiny because they reveal a new dimension to the early creation and dissemination of marketing thought.
From label to trademark
Authors: Petty Ross D. 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThis research aims to examine a number of legal sources for evidence that US marketers were interested in protecting their brand identities in the 1800s.Design/methodology/approachThe research examines historical legal records including registrations for commercial prints and labels, design patents and trademarks as well as other legal records. The work discusses the evolution of the concept of brand identity by examining various legal methods that were used to try to protect brand identity from imitation.FindingsThe research suggests that marketer interest in the development and protection of brand identity preceded the US Civil War and confirms that this interest was led by marketers of patent medicines, tobacco and liquor. However, the study also demonstrates strong interest by marketers of many other types of products from disposable products to durable manufactured items.Research limitations/implicationsMany original records were lost in the 1836 Patent Office fire or have been simply lost. Some of the databases examined are too large to be comprehensively examined.Originality/valueThe examination of legal records from this period of uncertainty shows how the practice of brand identification led to the concept of brand identity: the legal data examined offer a wealth of information for marketing historians.
The evolution of conspicuous consumption
Authors: Patsiaouras Georgios , Fitchett James A. 
Published: January 2012

PurposeConspicuous consumption refers to the competitive and extravagant consumption practices and leisure activities that aim to indicate membership to a superior social class. Studies examining the symbolic role of luxury brands and status symbols, and the importance of interpersonal relations and upward social mobility via consumption choices, have been widely discussed in the marketing and consumer behaviour literature. There is, however, limited research on how the all‐encompassing concept of “conspicuous consumption” has evolved since the introduction of the term by Thorstein Veblen in 1899 inThe Theory of the Leisure Class. This paper seeks to review some of the issues.Design/methodology/approachUsing a chronological periodization the paper examines and discusses the impact of wider institutional and socio‐economic forces on the evolution of conspicuous consumption phenomena. The paper adopts a historical framework related to economics and marketing.FindingsThe paper shows how the concept of “conspicuous consumption” has been reinvented with different terminology during the twentieth century by marketing and consumer behaviour theorists.Originality/valueThe paper discusses and examines the socio‐economic factors behind the changing consumption patterns of “conspicuous consumers” throughout the twentieth century. It is valuable for marketing academics, students and marketing practitioners interested in the evolution of status symbols.
Generalized discrete GM (1,1) model
Authors: Yao Tianxiang , Forrest Jeffery , Gong Zaiwu 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to expand discrete GM (1,1) model and solve the problem of non‐equidistance grey prediction problem with integral interval or digital interval.Design/methodology/approachDiscrete GM (1,1) model can be utilized to simulate exponential sequence without errors, but it can't be utilized to simulate non‐equidistance data sequence. This paper applied optimization theories to establish generalized discrete GM (1,1) model. First, this paper established the time response of simulation sequence directly. Second, this paper established the steps of non‐equidistance data sequence. Finally, this paper utilized examples to test the method put forward.FindingsThe results indicate the generalized discrete GM (1,1) (GDGM) model can perfectly simulate non‐equidistance exponential series. Discrete GM (1,1) model is only the special form of GDGM model.Practical implicationsThough grey forecasting models are widely used, most of the forecasting models are based on the equal distance sequence. Due to many reasons, the raw data available usually is incomplete. There are mainly four reasons which caused non‐equidistance sequence. So generalized discrete GM (1,1) model can be utilized to simulate non‐equidistance sequence and has great application values.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in establishing a generalized discrete GM (1,1) model which can be utilized to solve non‐equidistance data sequence forecasting. The GDGM model can be solved by MATLAB or other corresponding software.
Grey prediction model‐based food security early warning prediction
Authors: Wang Yuhong , Tang Jiangrong , Cao Wenbin 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make an evaluation and early warning prediction using grey prediction models and the index of process ability.Design/methodology/approachAn early warning prediction for food security risk is proposed in this paper. A quality index is constructed and an improved grey prediction model is also presented. The quality index model is applied to measure the level of food quality; then the grey prediction model is applied to predict the trend of quality index for food in the future. A comparison between the predicted trends and standard limit proposed by experts is made to judge the food security risk.FindingsThe results in this paper indicate that more attention should be paid to the food security situation and steps should also should be taken to prevent harm to people's health from food.Practical implicationsThe method presented in the paper could be used to make predictions for those systems which have the characteristic of small sample and poor information. The combination of grey prediction model and process ability index could also be applied to evaluation and early warning for those systems.Originality/valueFood quality index is constructed for evaluating food security and an improved grey prediction model is also presented in this paper. The combination of these two models could be applied to make evaluation and warning prediction for food security risk with poor information.
Study on parameters characteristics of NGM (1,1,k) prediction model with multiplication transformation
Authors: Cui Jie , Zeng Bo 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the properties of the NGM (1,1,k) prediction model with multiplication transformation and reduce its modeling complexity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors improved this model by putting forward a formula to solve its parameters, building an algorithm for optimizing the NGM (1,1,k) model in terms of the least modeling error and designing a key technology for the implementation of this algorithm. The optimized NGM (1,1,k) model is built accordingly. The parameter characteristics of the two models under multiple transformations and its effect of the simulation value and forecasting value are analyzed by studying the properties of multiple transformation of the two models.FindingsThe research finding shows that the modeling accuracies of the NGM (1,1,k) model and the optimized NGM (1,1,k) model are all in no relation to multiple transformations.Practical implicationsThe above results imply that the data level can be reduced; the process of building the NGM (1,1,k) model and the optimized NGM (1,1,k) model can be simplified; but the simulative and predictive accuracy of the two models remain unchanged.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in realising the properties of NGM (1,1,k) model and the optimized NGM (1,1,k) model by using the method of multiplication transformation, which is helpful for understanding the modeling mechanism and expanding the application range of the NGM (1,1,k) model.
Stepwise ratio GM (1,1) model for image denoising
Authors: Zhao Jinshuai , Yang Sujin , Xin Liu 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to construct a novel grey filter model for image denoising and to solve the problems which exist in the image denoising filter method, in which the true intensity value of each noisy pixel cannot be predicted better.Design/methodology/approachBased on the definition of stepwise, the defects of traditional grey prediction models are found. A new grey filter model, named grey stepwise prediction model, is proposed. The new filter model for the image denoising is based on each noisy pixel's neighborhoods stepwise, which is the eight pixels around the noisy pixel, to predict its intensity value and to solve the problems which exist in the image denoising filter method.FindingsThe experiment results show that the improved filter model can effectively eliminate image noise, preserve the image's details and edges, increase SNR (signal‐to‐noise ratio) as well as PSNR (peak signal‐to‐noise ratio), reduce MSE (mean square error) and MAE (mean absolute error), and significantly improve the image's visual effect.Practical implicationsThe new filter method exposed in the paper can be used to 8‐bit gray‐scale image denoising. The method can also be used to binary image denoising.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in constructing a novel filter method for image denoding, and it is undoubtedly a new development in image recovery algorithm and grey systems theory.
Intuitionistic fuzzy decision‐making methods based on grey incidence analysis and D‐S theory of evidence
Authors: Li Peng 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to propose a new decision‐making method using grey systems theory with the attribute values of corresponding alternatives in the form of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers.Design/methodology/approachThe uncertain degrees of different indices are determined by using the grey incidence analysis. Then, the mass functions of different alternatives in different indices are obtained by using the score function of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and the uncertain degrees of different indices. Information can be fused in accordance with the D‐S combination rule and the best alternative is calculated accordingly. Finally, a numerical example is utilized to illustrate that a satisfied solution can be obtained and the uncertainty can be decreased.FindingsThe results are convincing: the new decision‐making method, by combining the D‐S theory of evidence, can well deal with decision‐making problems with the attribute values of corresponding alternatives in the form of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. From the numerical example, it is seen that the uncertainty can be decreased by using the new method.Practical implicationsThe method exposed in the paper can be used to help the decision maker make a fast and accurate decision when facing decision problems with the attribute values of corresponding alternatives in the form of intuitionistic fuzzy sets.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in proposing a decision‐making method by using the D‐S theory of evidence and one of the newest developed theories: grey systems theory.
Efficiency measures in DEA with grey interval data under the hypotheses of data consistency
Authors: Wang Jiefang , Liu Sifeng 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to solve the DEA model with grey interval data while the inputs/outputs have large interval length.Design/methodology/approachSome methods have been developed to calculate the interval efficiencies of the decision‐making unit (DMU) in DEA model with interval data, in which there are two shortcomings. One is that the evaluated DMU and referenced DMUs are not be dealt with fairly, as they are not counterparts in locations of inputs and outputs within possible ranges. Another is that efficiency intervals may be too wide to provide valuable information. This paper proposes the hypotheses of data consistency in DEA model. Under the hypotheses, linear programming (LP) models to solve the upper and lower bounds of interval efficiencies are established.FindingsIt is found that lengths of efficiency intervals under the hypotheses are shorter, which produces more reliable and informative evaluation results and DMUs are dealt with more fairly.Practical implicationsThe method proposed in the paper could be used in efficiencies evaluation of enterprises, governments, etc. when the classic methods are invalid for the high uncertainty evaluation results.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in proposing the hypotheses of data consistency and solving the DEA model with interval grey data under that.
Difference‐ratio‐based NDGM interpolation forecasting algorithm and its application
Authors: Zhu Chaoyu , Xie Naiming 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a model for effective data filling and precise prediction, which is used to solve the prediction problem of sequential data with the characteristics of poor information, high growth and containing extraordinary points.Design/methodology/approachAfter proving that the three principles of smooth sequence are not a sufficient condition for the judgement of sequence smoothness, judgement rules for sequence smoothness based on smoothness efficiency is introduced. Based on the non‐homogenous discrete grey model (NDGM) model which fits for high growth sequence, model error caused by equal weight mean value is analyzed, and mean value generation weight efficiency is optimized by the method of differential. Prediction steps that fit sequences with high growth, poor information and containing extraordinary points is established on the basis of equal weight mean value generation efficiency.FindingsThe results are convincing: previous judgement rules used for sequence smoothness do not fit for the high growth sequence, new judgement rules introduced are more effective for high growth sequence. Sequence filling algorithm based on differential ration not only improve the filling of high growth sequence, but also enhance the prediction precision of these sequences.Practical implicationsThe method exposed in the paper can be used to solve the prediction problem of sequences with poor information, high growth and containing extraordinary points, and it was proved in the cases of large and medium company new products income and Ufida Software Company. What is more, the method is also helpful in aspects of corporate financial control and strategy‐making process.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in proposing a new interpolation algorithm that is superior to ordinary mean value generation method in the aspects of generation and prediction and to grey interpolation algorithm in the aspect of information volume by defining sequence smoothness efficiency and introducing smoothness judgement rules that are easy to compute and fits for high growth sequence and not limited to monotonicity sequence.