bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Isotope Probing‐nanoFTIR for Quantitation of Cellular Metabolism and Observation of Growth‐Dependent Spectral Features
Authors: Burr David J. , Drauschke Janina , Kanevche Katerina , Kümmel Steffen , Stryhanyuk Hryhoriy , Heberle Joachim , Perfumo Amedea , Elsaesser Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study utilizes nanoscale Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (nanoFTIR) to perform stable isotope probing (SIP) on individual bacteria cells cultured in the presence of 13C‐labelled glucose. SIP‐nanoFTIR simultaneously quantifies single‐cell metabolism through infrared spectroscopy and acquires cellular morphological information via atomic force microscopy. The redshift of the amide I peak corresponds to the isotopic enrichment of newly synthesized proteins. These observations of single‐cell translational activity are comparable to those of conventional methods, examining bulk cell numbers. Observing cells cultured under conditions of limited carbon, SIP‐ nanoFTIR is used to identify environmentally‐induced changes in metabolic heterogeneity and cellular morphology. Individuals outcompeting their neighboring cells will likely play a disproportionately large role in shaping population dynamics during adverse conditions or environmental fluctuations. Additionally, SIP‐nanoFTIR enables the spectroscopic differentiation of specific cellular growth phases. During cellular replication, subcellular isotope distribution becomes more homogenous, which is reflected in the spectroscopic features dependent on the extent of 13C‐13C mode coupling or to specific isotopic symmetries within protein secondary structures. As SIP‐nanoFTIR captures single‐cell metabolism, environmentally‐induced cellular processes, and subcellular isotope localization, this technique offers widespread applications across a variety of disciplines including microbial ecology, biophysics, biopharmaceuticals, medicinal science, and cancer research.
Nanoarchitectonic Engineering of Thermal‐Responsive Magnetic Nanorobot Collectives for Intracranial Aneurysm Therapy
Authors: Wang Jienan , Zhou Qi , Dong Qi , Shen Jian , Hao Junnian , Li Dong , Xu Tiantian , Cai Xiaojun , Bai Wenkun , Ying Tao , Li Yuehua , Zhang Li , Zhu Yueqi , Wang Longchen , Wu Jianrong , Zheng Yuanyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStent‐assisted coiling is a main treatment modality for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in clinics, but critical challenges remain to be overcome, such as exogenous implant‐induced stenosis and reliance on antiplatelet agents. Herein, an endovascular approach is reported for IA therapy without stent grafting or microcatheter shaping, enabled by active delivery of thrombin (Th) to target aneurysms using innovative phase‐change material (PCM)‐coated magnetite‐thrombin (Fe3O4‐Th@PCM) FTP nanorobots. The nanorobots are controlled by an integrated actuation system of dynamic torque‐force hybrid magnetic fields. With robust intravascular navigation guided by real‐time ultrasound imaging, nanorobotic collectives can effectively accumulate and retain in model aneurysms constructed in vivo, followed by controlled release of the encapsulated Th for rapid occlusion of the aneurysm upon melting the protective PCM (thermally responsive in a tunable manner) through focused magnetic hyperthermia. Complete and stable aneurysm embolization is confirmed by postoperative examination and 2‐week postembolization follow‐up using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and histological analysis. The safety of the embolization therapy is assessed through biocompatibility evaluation and histopathology assays. This strategy, seamlessly integrating secure drug packaging, agile magnetic actuation, and clinical interventional imaging, avoids possible exogenous implant rejection, circumvents cumbersome microcatheter shaping, and offers a promising option for IA therapy.
Direct Electrodeposition of Electrically Conducting Ni3(HITP)2 MOF Nanostructures for Micro‐Supercapacitor Integration
Authors: Behboudikhiavi Sepideh , Chanteux Géraldine , Babu Binson , Faniel Sébastien , Marlec Florent , Robert Kevin , Magnin Delphine , Lucaccioni Fabio , Omale Joel Ojonugwa , Apostol Petru , Piraux Luc , Lethien Christophe , Vlad Alexandru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicro‐supercapacitors emerge as an important electrical energy storage technology expected to play a critical role in the large‐scale deployment of autonomous microdevices for health, sensing, monitoring, and other IoT applications. Electrochemical double‐layer capacitive storage requires a combination of high surface area and high electronic conductivity, with these being attained only in porous or nanostructured carbons, and recently found also in conducting metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). However, techniques for conformal deposition at micro‐ and nanoscale of these materials are complex, costly, and hard to upscale. Herein, the study reports direct, one step non‐sacrificial anodic electrochemical deposition of Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaiminotriphenylene)2 – Ni3(HITP)2, a porous and electrically conducting MOF. Employing this strategy enables the growth of Ni3(HITP)2 films on a variety of 2D substrates as well as on 3D nanostructured substrates to form Ni3(HITP)2 nanotubes and Pt@ Ni3(HITP)2 core–shell nanowires. Based on the optimal electrodeposition protocols, Ni3(HITP)2 films interdigitated micro‐supercapacitors are fabricated and tested as a proof of concept.
Ultralight Three‐Layer Gradient‐Structured MXene/ Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Aerogels with Broadband Microwave Absorption and Dynamic Infrared Camouflage
Authors: Yu Chi , Lin Dexuan , Guo Jianhua , Zhuang Kunjun , Yao Yuanwei , Zhang Xin , Jiang Xinghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInfrared and radar detectors posed substantial challenges to weapon equipment and personnel due to their continuous surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities. Traditional single‐band stealth devices are insufficient for dual‐band detection in both infrared and microwave bands. To overcome this limitation, a gradient‐structured MXene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite aerogel (GMXrGA) is fabricated through a two‐step bidirectional freeze casting process, followed by freeze‐drying and thermal annealing. GMXrGA exhibits a distinct three‐layered structure, with each layer playing a crucial role in microwave absorption. This deliberate design amplifies both the efficiency of microwave absorption and the material's effectiveness in dynamic infrared camouflage. GMXrGA displays an ultralow density of 5.2 mg∙cm−3 and demonstrates exceptional resistance to compression, enduring 200 cycles at a maximum strain of 80%. Moreover, it shows superior microwave absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of –60.1 dB at a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 14.1 GHz (3.9–18.0 GHz). Additionally, the aerogel exhibits low thermal conductivity (≈26 mW∙m−1∙K−1) and displays dynamic infrared camouflage capabilities within the temperature range of 50–120 °C, achieving rapid concealment within 30 s. Consequently, they hold great potential for diverse applications, including intelligent buildings, wearable electronics, and weapon equipment.
Generation of a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line Expressing a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reporter Gene
Authors: Son Yura , Li Pengsheng , Ortega Dakota , Qiu Huiliang , Prachyl Hannah , Yang Ming , Zhu Wuqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of the current study is to develop a new method for tracking transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The CRISPR/dCas9 activation system is employed to overexpress ferritin heavy chain (FHC) in hiPSC‐CMs. The mRNA and protein expression of FHC in hiPSC and hiPSC‐CMs significantly increased after transfection. Iron chloride does not affect the cell viability in a concentration range from 0 to 2000 µm. hiPSCs overexpressing FHC (hiPSC‐ FHCOE) and hiPSC‐CMs overexpressing FHC (hiPSC‐CM‐FHCOE) significantly enhanced cellular uptake of iron chloride but with no changes in electrophysiological properties compared to hiPSC‐CM‐Control. Furthermore, hiPSC‐CM‐FHCOE presented robust contrast and lower T2* values, signifying their potential as highly effective candidates for cardiac MRI. Next, hiPSC‐CM‐FHCOE is injected into mouse hearts and after 3 days of transplantation, MR images are obtained. hiPSC‐CM‐FHCOE cells exhibited clear signals in the hearts with lower T2* and rapid signal decay. Collectively, data from this proof‐of‐concept study demonstrated that endogenous labeling with FHC in hiPSC‐CMs can be a potent strategy for enhancing the accuracy of cardiac MRI. This technology represents a significant step forward in tracking the transplanted hiPSC‐CMs in the hearts of live animals.
Lithium‐Ion Conductive Coatings for Nickel‐Rich Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shao Yijia , Xu Jia , Amardeep Amardeep , Xia Yakang , Meng Xiangbo , Liu Jian , Liao Shijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNickel (Ni)‐rich cathodes are among the most promising cathode materials of lithium batteries, ascribed to their high‐power density, cost‐effectiveness, and eco‐friendliness, having extensive applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles and national grids. They can boost the wide implementation of renewable energies and thereby contribute to carbon neutrality and achieving sustainable prosperity in the modern society. Nevertheless, these cathodes suffer from significant technical challenges, leading to poor cycling performance and safety risks. The underlying mechanisms are residual lithium compounds, uncontrolled lithium/nickel cation mixing, severe interface reactions, irreversible phase transition, anisotropic internal stress, and microcracking. Notably, they have become more serious with increasing Ni content and have been impeding the widespread commercial applications of Ni‐rich cathodes. Various strategies have been developed to tackle these issues, such as elemental doping, adding electrolyte additives, and surface coating. Surface coating has been a facile and effective route and has been investigated widely among them. Of numerous surface coating materials, have recently emerged as highly attractive options due to their high lithium‐ion conductivity. In this review, a thorough and comprehensive review of lithium‐ion conductive coatings (LCCs) are made, aimed at probing their underlying mechanisms for improved cell performance and stimulating new research efforts.
Starchy Films as a Sustainable Alternative in Food Industry: Current Research and Applications
Authors: Singh Shubhi , Gaur Smriti , Sharma Nisha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe overconsumption of nonbiodegradable materials, particularly plastics, has had a significant and detrimental impact on the environment. Advancements in research sector have led to the development of biodegradable materials, namely starch‐based biodegradable films, which have the potential to reduce this environmental impact. Starch is a unique biopolymer with distinctive chemical, physical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties that make it an attractive alternative to nonbiodegradable and harmful materials. This review paper comprehensively discusses the properties of starch and the techniques involved in transforming native starch into starch‐based films. Further a broad overview of recent research on combining starch with several composites to enhance the physicochemical properties has been discussed herein. In addition, this paper also discusses recent insights into the development of starch‐based composite films and their potential applications in food packaging systems. Future studies must focus on the development of starch composites that strike a balance between different versatile properties of the biopolymer. Additionally, a critical examination of the interactions at the molecular level will help to expand our understanding of this sustainable biopolymer. Ultimately, the findings of this review paper will provide valuable insights for researchers and industry professionals interested in the development and utilization of starch‐based biodegradable films.
Experimental investigation on the thermal behavior of two typical stainless steel roof systems
Authors: Chong Cholap , Xin Zhiyong , Wang Mingming , Chen Bao , Liang Jinghao 
Published: May 2024

SummaryUnder long‐term exposure to solar radiation and temperature difference, metal roof systems produce a noticeable thermal behavior. The thermal behavior experiment of two typical metal roof systems in engineering was studied. The temperature stress and displacement of the two typical metal roof systems under different influencing factors are compared and analyzed. The results show that the thermal behavior of the stainless steel roof system is significant. The peak stress accounts for about 69.9% of the stainless steel yield strength, and the peak displacement accounts for 3/3500 of the slab span. The loading rate and temperature difference greatly influence the thermal behavior of the two typical roof systems. The maximum influence of temperature difference and loading rate on the thermal behavior is 77.8% and 67.3%, respectively. The holding temperature time has a minor influence on the thermal behavior of the two typical roof systems, and the maximum influence range is less than 7%. The research conclusions provide a valuable reference for the thermal design of metal roof systems.
A study on climate‐driven vulnerabilities in the Ranganadi river basin: Sand‐Casting impacts on rural households
Authors: Kalita Ananya , Bormudoi Arnob , Pan Saikia Ankur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Ranganadi river basin, spanning a catchment area of 2335 km2 in the North Lakhimpur region of Assam is one of the worst flood‐affected areas in the North Eastern region of India. The basin is densely populated and the land around this river is extensively used for cultivation. Progressive migration of the banklines leads to the loss of cultivable land. Breach in embankments protecting agricultural fields during the monsoon, as well as the presence of infertile sand in agriculture fields are some of the most dominant facets of riverine hazards directly connected with the loss of livelihood in the study area The objective of this research is to assess the vulnerability of the population residing in these flood plains to the impacts of sand casting, utilizing Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) approach. The research included 377 households, and a comprehensive analysis was carried out. The analysis revealed varying degrees of vulnerability for 0.306 (socio‐demographic profile), 0.489 (livelihood strategies), and 0.413 (social networks). Sensitivity values were 0.495 (health), 0.487 (food security), 0.368 (water availability), and 0.391 (psychological factors). Exposure was rated high at 0.494, indicating vulnerability to natural disasters and climate variability. These values highlighted the most vulnerable components of the population due to the disaster and helped to suggest vulnerability reduction measures. The novelty of the study based on the result is that the LVI was meticulously formulated and adapted specifically for the study area. This localized approach allowed the unique socio‐economic and environmental dynamics of the affected population to be captured very well.
Qualitative and Quantitative X-ray Tomography of Filter Macrostructures and Functional Components
Authors: Hubálková Jana , Aneziris Christos G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the application of a conventional attenuation based X-ray computed tomography for the investigation of porous and dense structural components in different stages of the manufacturing process and loading. Firstly, the image acquisition process, image processing and qualitative evaluation are introduced using reticulated foam filter and a nozzle component as examples. Secondly, the quantification strategies of the reconstructed volume data involving segmentation of targeted features and its geometrical characterization are presented. Thirdly, the issue of ex-situ investigations is outlined and discussed using differently sized carbon-bonded alumina filters subjected to thermomechanical loading. Fourthly, the interrupted in-situ compression testing of glass foam structures is demonstrated. Finally, the benefits and limitations of conventional X-ray computed tomography as analysis method for porous and dense materials are emphasized.
Microprocesses of Agglomeration, Hetero-coagulation and Particle Deposition of Poorly Wetted Surfaces in the Context of Metal Melt Filtration and Their Scale Up
Authors: Nicklas Jan , Ditscherlein Lisa , Roy Shyamal , Sandfeld Stefan , Peuker Urs A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this chapter the fundamental principles of the interaction of poorly wetted particles with interfaces of particles and bubbles are investigated in a water-based model system in which the similarity of poor wettability of non-metallic inclusions by molten metal and the poor wettability of silanized metal-oxide-particles by water is utilized. Capillary forces, the presence of nanobubbles and absorption of gas layers accompany the decreased wettability and lead to strong attractive forces. The combined effect of wettability and surface roughness is analyzed in detail, employing a variety of Atomic Force Microscopy techniques, as well as theoretical modeling of capillary forces and retarded van der Waals Forces for layered substrates. These concepts are extended to investigate particle-bubble interactions at different approach velocities by Colloidal Probe Atomic Force Microscopy and analysis by the Stokes-Reynolds-Young–Laplace model. The influence of temperature effects on the particle–particle interaction is investigated by High Temperature Atomic Force Microscopy. Additionally, the suitability of different interaction potentials for the Molecular Dynamics simulation of sintering alumina nanoparticles is accessed. Macroscopic agglomeration and hetero-coagulation experiments in a baffled stirred tank provide an insight into the dynamics of agglomeration and hetero-coagulation at for the metal melt filtration typical inclusion concentrations and wettability states.
Determination of the Temperature-Dependent Fracture and Damage Properties of Ceramic Filter Materials from Small Scale Specimens
Authors: Abendroth Martin , Takht Firouzeh Shahin , Kuna Meinhard , Kiefer Bjoern 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOpen cell ceramic foam filters are used to improve the quality of metallic cast products. They play a major role on reducing the number of inclusions within the microstructure of the cast product and restraining the liquid flow inside the mold. The newly developed carbon-bonded alumina ceramics are investigated considering the mechanical and thermal loads of the filtration process. The aim of this project is to assess the strength, the fracture mechanical behavior, and the damage properties of the filter material. Since the tiny struts of the foam have different properties than the common bulk material specimen, small specimens of millimeter size are needed. Within this work, a combination of experiments and numerical simulations are conducted for various mechanical tests at temperatures up to 1500 $${}^{\circ }\text {C}$$

∘

C

. The first test is the small punch test (SPT), where a small disk-like specimen is supported on a circular die and loaded with a spherical tipped punch until failure of the disk occurs. The small punch fracture stress is obtained from the experiments, as well as the corresponding parameters of the Weibull distribution necessary for the evaluation of the cold modulus of rupture (CMOR). Furthermore, a modified version of the SPT, the so called ball on three ball test (B3B), is carried out. In the B3B test, miniaturized disk-shaped specimens are supported with three spherical balls and loaded with a spherical tipped punch until failure. Hereby, the fracture mechanical parameters, such as the fracture toughness, are identified with the help of numerical simulations. Moreover, the Chevron notched beam test (CNB) is used to determine the fracture toughness of the ceramics. The final test is the Brazilian disc test (BDT), where compressive loads are exerted on the specimen leading to tensile stresses along the specimen diameter, perpendicular to the applied load direction. This test is employed to determine the Young’s modulus, the yield stress and the fracture toughness. In general the simplicity of all these tests, their setup, application, and results evaluation, in addition to the ease of specimens production, make them very attractive. The size of these specimens is about one order of magnitude smaller than that of common standard tests. The accompanying numerical simulations are inevitable to extract from the measurements the wanted mechanical properties.
Influence of Internal Defects on the Fatigue Life of Steel and Aluminum Alloys in the VHCF Range
Authors: Weidner Anja , Schmiedel Alexander , Seleznev Mikhail , Biermann Horst 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter concerns the influence of internal defects (i.e. nonmetallic inclusions, secondary phases and cast defects) on the fatigue lifetime of steel and aluminum alloys in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. The detrimental effect of internal defects depends on multiple factors such as size, morphology, chemical composition, test temperature or position in the material. Specimens were tested after active and/or reactive melt filtration processes of the materials which served to influence the amount and size distribution of internal defects. Fatigue experiments up to 109 cycles were carried out using ultrasonic fatigue testing equipment. In addition, in situ methods, as e.g. full surface view thermography and acoustic emission (AE), were applied to study the processes of crack initiation and propagation, which finally lead to fatigue failure. Furthermore, the cyclically strained samples were subjected to fractographic analysis and the S–N-curves were discussed according to the characteristics of the crack-initiating defects. Based on these investigations, an enhanced knowledge about the correlation of internal defects on the materials’ fatigue strength enables a specific melt filtration strategy adjusted to the materials’ service conditions.
Influence of Filter Structure and Casting System on Filtration Efficiency in Aluminum Mold Casting
Authors: Baumann Benedict , Keßler Andreas , Dommaschk Claudia , Wolf Gotthard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCeramic foam filtershavebeen usedin aluminum foundries since 1974 to increase the purity of the melt. In practice, the implementation of the foam ceramic filter in the casting system is in most cases a question of space on the pattern plate. It does not follow any defined rules but is at best guided by design recommendations from the filter manufacturers. To increase the filtration efficiency, the filter position in the casting system is examined. For this, 20 and 30 ppi filters were scanned with computer tomography (CT). The data from the CT were then loaded into the simulation program Flow 3D. With this program, four different filter positions as well as the influence of the filter length and roughness of the filter surface are investigated concerning their filtration effectiveness. The simulation results are subsequently evaluated with casting trials. For this, four different molds for four different filter positions were created. The same alloy (AlSi7) was used for the trials as for the simulation. To study the behavior of particles during the filtration process, impurities were added to the melt using 3 wt.% Al2O3 - Metal Matrix Composite. After the samples were casted, the filters are cut out and the Al2O3 particles in the filter are counted for each filter position. The comparability of the casting trials and the results of the simulation have been examined.