bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of shielding effects of over-glasses-type and regular eyewear in terms of occupational eye dose reduction
Authors: Shindo Ryota , Ohno Saya , Yamamoto Keisuke , Konta Satoe , Inaba Yohei , Suzuki Masatoshi , Zuguchi Masayuki , Chida Koichi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Given the new recommendations for occupational eye lens doses, various lead glasses have been used to reduce irradiation of interventional radiologists. However, the protection afforded by lead glasses over prescription glasses (thus over-glasses-type eyewear) has not been considered in detail. We used a phantom to compare the protective effects of such eyewear and regular eyewear of 0.07 mm lead-equivalent thickness. The shielding rates behind the eyewear and on the surface of the left eye of an anthropomorphic phantom were calculated. The left eye of the phantom was irradiated at various angles and the shielding effects were evaluated. We measured the radiation dose to the left side of the phantom using RPLDs attached to the left eye and to the surface/back of the left eyewear. Over-glasses-type eyewear afforded good protection against x-rays from the left and below; the average shielding rates on the surface of the left eye ranged from 0.70–0.72. In clinical settings, scattered radiation is incident on physicians’ eyes from the left and below, and through any gap in lead glasses. Over-glasses-type eyewear afforded better protection than regular eyewear of the same lead-equivalent thickness at the irradiation angles of concern in clinical settings. Although clinical evaluation is needed, we suggest over-glasses-type Pb eyewear even for physicians who do not wear prescription glasses.
Blade fouling fault detection based on shaft orbit generative adversarial network
Authors: Huang Xin , Ma Jun , Shao Huajin , Chen Wenwu , Qu Dingrong , Pan Long , Zhang Weiya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To address the challenges of accuracy and interpretability in mechanical fault detection models, this study proposes a shaft orbit generative adversarial network (SOGAN) and applies it to detect blade fouling faults. Variational autoencoder (VAE) is used as the foundational network architecture for extracting high-dimensional latent features from the shaft orbit images. Concurrently, the invariant moments of the shaft orbit images are extracted and embedded in a bypass within the generator, thereby enhancing the accuracy of fault detection. Two sets of real-world blade fouling fault data are collected and meticulously analyzed. The proposed SOGAN model demonstrates significant performance improvements, with average increases of 18.91%, 10.20%, and 26.79% in accuracy compared to the autoencoder, VAE, and GANomaly algorithms, respectively. The F1 scores for both the groups exceed 0.98. The data generated by the proposed SOGAN model exhibit a trend-wise correspondence with the finite element modeling data. In addition, the use of gradient information for the localization and visual analysis of anomalies dynamically tracks the spatial evolution of the rotor shaft orbit throughout its lifecycle. The data generation capability and interpretability of the proposed model can effectively support digital twin modeling and health management of rotating machinery.
DGVINS: tightly coupled differential GNSS/visual/inertial for robust positioning based on optimization approach
Authors: Li Xiaowan , Cheng Fang , Li Yuanqi , Shen Pengli , Hu Yuhang , Lu Xiaochun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Due to the fragility of single-sensor positioning technology in complex scenarios, especially in complex urban areas, multi-sensor positioning technology is becoming increasingly popular. To further improve the robustness of the positioning system by fully utilizing the information from various sensors, this article proposes a differential-GNSS-visual-inertial navigation system (DGVINS) that tightly fuses differential global navigation satellite system (GNSS), vision and inertial information to provide accurate, robust and seamless position information for intelligent navigation applications. DGVINS effectively utilizes all sensor measurements within the factor graph optimization framework. When using the carrier phase of GNSS, single-epoch ambiguity optimization is employed to prevent cycle slip detection and adapted to complex environments. We conducted experiments on public datasets with various features and compared the performance of simple differential-GNSS (DGNSS), DGNSS + Inertial, and the state-of-the-art GNSS-visual-inertial navigation systems. We also compared the performance of different combinations of GNSS differential factors in various environments. Due to the superiority of differential GNSS and its appropriate integration with visual and inertial measurements, the experimental results demonstrate that DGVINS exhibits significant improvements in accuracy, stability, and continuity in both GNSS-challenged and vision-challenged environments.
Enhancing motor impedance measurements: broadening the spectrum from low to high frequencies
Authors: Jie Huamin , See Kye Yak , Chang Yongqi , Gao Richard Xian-Ke , Fan Fei , Zhao Zhenyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Three-phase induction motors serve as critical parts in various industrial applications, lauded for their high energy efficiency and notable power density. Obtaining their broadband impedance information is paramount for analyzing conducted emissions, evaluating overvoltage ringing, and assessing motor health status. Nonetheless, conventional methods for motor impedance measurements typically rely on Kelvin clip leads or extension cables, which are effective only in a relatively low-frequency region (i.e. below 1 MHz). This paper presents an improved approach to extend the measurable spectrum from low to high frequencies, up to 120 MHz. The proposed method develops a series of fixture adapters to enable seamless interconnection between the terminals of an induction motor and the coaxial ports of an impedance analyzer. The parasitics introduced by these adapters are identified using boundary-element analysis, and their impacts are minimized based on the de-embedding concept. Experimental results affirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method for four types of motor impedances (i.e. single-phase, phase-to-ground, common-mode, and differential-mode) across a broad frequency range from 100 Hz to 120 MHz. Moreover, the inaccuracy of motor impedance measurements at high frequencies (i.e. above 1 MHz) using conventional methods, including Kelvin clip leads and extension cables, is also demonstrated.
Reply to comment on ‘Modeling for predicting survival fraction of cells after ultra-high dose rate irradiation’
Authors: Shiraishi Yuta , Matsuya Yusuke , Fukunaga Hisanori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Liew and Mairani commented on our paper ‘Modeling for predicting survival fraction of cells after ultra-high dose rate irradiation’ (Shiraishi et al 2024a Phys. Med. Biol.
69 015017), which proposed a biophysical model to predict the dose–response curve of surviving cell fractions after ultra-high dose rate irradiation following conventional dose rate irradiation by considering DNA damage yields. They suggested the need to consider oxygen concentration in our prediction model and possible issues related to the data selection process used for the benchmarking test in our paper. In this reply, we discuss the limitations of both the present model and the available experimental data for determining the model’s parameters. We also demonstrate that our proposed model can reproduce the experimental survival data even when using only the experimental DNA damage data measured reliably under normoxic conditions.
Characterization of a filamentary discharge ignited in a gliding arc plasmatron operated in nitrogen flow
Authors: Böddeker Simon , Gröger Sven , Bibinov Nikita , Awakowicz Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) is a promising warm plasma source for the use in gas conversion applications but lacks an understanding of the plasma dynamics. In this paper, the gliding arc plasma conditions of a GAP operated with nitrogen flow (10 slm) are characterized using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and numerical simulation. A simultaneously two-wavelength OES method and Abel inversion of the measured images with a spatial resolution of 19.6 μm are applied. The collisional radiative model used in this study includes Coulomb collisions of electrons. An iterative method of plasma parameter determination is applied. The determined values of the electric field up to 49 Td and electron density up to 2.5∙1015 cm−3 fit well to the plasma parameters received with different diagnostics methods in comparable plasma sources. Additionally, the electric current, which is calculated using the determined reduced electric field and electron density, is compared with the measured one.
Superjunction IGBT with split carrier storage layer
Authors: Yoon Tae Young , Shin Dongho , Kim Hyunwoo , Kim Jang Hyun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is crucial in high-voltage applications due to its characteristics, like breakdown voltage (BV) and on-state voltage V
CE(sat). However, its slower turn-off time, attributed to hole mobility, restricts its frequency range. Techniques such as the carrier storage layer (CSL) and super-junction (SJ) structures aim to optimize BV and V
CE(sat) through hole density and field distribution. Combining CSL and SJ offers advantages, yet challenges remain regarding E-field concentration. In this work, the split CSL concept introduces a solution by optimizing BV and E
off through effective field distribution and hole extraction acceleration respectively while maintaining V
CE(sat). Split CSL, which is divided into a high doping layer (HDL) and a low doping layer (LDL), reduces the burden on the gate oxide by distributing the E-field evenly when in the off-state due to the difference in doping concentration. During the turn-off, the hole current is concentrated on the LDL, which has relatively low resistance, thereby accelerating hole extraction. Simulation-based results showcase improvements in the proposed structure’s properties. Further optimization of HDL and LDL concentrations enhances the structure’s performance. It is clear that the split CSL structure presents the potential for advancing IGBT capabilities. The application of the split CSL structure resulted in significant improvements: the turn-off time was reduced by 32.4% and the BV increased by 32.5 V compared to conventional CSL-SJ structures. These enhancements highlight the effectiveness of the split CSL design in optimizing the IGBT’s performance attribute.
Tunable rebound of millimeter-sized rigid balls by magnetic actuation of elastomer-based surface microstructures
Authors: Kriegl Raphael , Jezeršek Matija , Kravanja Gaia , Hribar Luka , M Mukhi Soham , Kokot Gašper , Drevenšek-Olenik Irena , Shamonin Mikhail 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A novel method for controlling the rebound behavior of small balls made of Al2O3 with a radius of 2.381 mm is presented. It uses different types of micro-structured surfaces of soft magnetoactive elastomers. These surfaces were fabricated via laser micromachining and include fully ablated surfaces as well as micrometer-sized lamellas with a fixed width of 90 µm, height of 250 µm and three different gap sizes (15, 60 and 105 µm). The lamellas can change their orientation from edge-on to face-on configuration according to the direction of the external magnetic field from a permanent magnet. The orientation of the external magnetic field significantly influences the rebound behavior of the balls, from a coefficient of restitution e of

≈

0.5

to < 0.1. The highest relative change in the coefficient of restitution between zero field and face-on configuration of

≈

80
%

is observed for lamellas with a gap of 60 µm. Other characteristics of the ball rebound such as the penetration depth into an Magnetoactive elastomer and the maximum deceleration are investigated as well. The proposed method does not require a constant power supply due to the use of permanent magnets. It may find novel applications in the field of impact engineering.
RBFNN-based UWB 4 × 4 MIMO antenna design with compact size, high isolation, and improved diversity performance for millimeter-wave 5G applications
Authors: Sellak Lahcen , Khabba Asma , Chabaa Samira , Ibnyaich Saida , Yong Vincent Kai Loung , Baddou Atmane , Zeroual Abdelouhab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The millimeter-wave spectrum has emerged as a compelling solution to address the pressing need for high-data-rate capabilities in the development of 5G technology systems. Spanning between 20 GHz and 40 GHz, this spectrum encompasses several prominent frequency bands crucial for advancing 5G applications. In light of this, our study presents a thorough investigation into the design and performance of a compact cross-shaped slot broadband antenna, complemented by a 4 × 4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) configuration tailored for 5G operations at 28 GHz. The primary objective of this study is to develop an antenna system capable of achieving an extended bandwidth ranging from 20 GHz to 40 GHz, effectively covering the crucial frequency bands essential for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) operations. To accomplish this, the optimization of antenna performance is meticulously carried out using the Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN) model. The RBFNN model serves as a robust tool for establishing the intricate relationship between antenna dimensions, resonant frequency, and bandwidth. Subsequently, the developed RBFNN model is employed to predict optimal antenna dimensions, ensuring resonance at 28 GHz and meeting specified bandwidth targets. The single antenna is designed with a rectangular patch and a cross-shaped slot and is constructed on the low loss Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate. This design reaches an outstanding bandwidth of 19.5 GHz, and exhibits excellent radiation characteristics, with a high radiation efficiency of up to 99% and a corresponding gain of 5.75 dB. The antenna’s design and performance are rigorously designed using HFSS software, which is then compared to the results acquired using CST software. In addition, the proposed MIMO configuration offers excellent performance in terms of key features such as small size (16×16.2 mm2), very wide bandwidth of 20 GHz, good gain of 6.75 high isolation exceeding 35 dB, and significant improvements in diversity performance measures such as Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), and Mean Effective Gain (MEG). The potential of the proposed MIMO configuration for high-speed applications is particularly remarkable. Practical verification of the MIMO configuration is carefully carried out by fabrication and measurement. Experimental results strongly confirm the effectiveness of the proposed antenna design, establishing it as a competitive challenger for 5G technology.
Rapidly chemical preparation of Mn doped ZnO nanostructures for photocatalysis efficiency based on UV light system and mechanism insights
Authors: Fatolahi Leila , Janani Baadal Jushi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Through a facile chemical precipitation process, pure zinc oxide (ZnO) and various ratio of Mn-doped zinc oxide (Zn1-xMnxO) nanostructured materials were synthesized. The degradation of an azo dye acid orange 2 (AO-2) solution under UV light was investigated using the synthesized materials as photocatalysts. XRD, FTIR, DLS, FESEM, EDS, PL, BET, magnetic, TGA and UV–vis techniques were used to elucidate the structural, functional, particle, elemental, morphological, and optical aspects of the catalysts. The XRD and FESEM analysis showed the hexagonal ZnO structure and spherical shape of the ZnO nano-photocatalyst, respectively. The crystal sizes of Zn1-xMnxO are 27.40–38.31 nm. The optical band gap energy of Zn1-xMnxO are 2.53–3.10 eV. Under UV irradiation for 60 min, MZ-25 NPs demonstrated better degradation (100.0%) of AO-2 dye. The effect of various factors such as catalyst quantity, and pH of the dye solution on the rate removal was investigated. After 60 min of UV light irradiation, dye removal was obtained under ideal conditions (with catalyst loading of 3 mgL−1, and pH 4). The rate constant values of MZ-25 sample are determined to be 0.0219 min−1. The scavenging test reveals that ∙O2
− and ∙OH are responsible for the photo-degradation of AO-2 dye.
Multiple optomechanically induced transparency generated slow light in an array of optomechanical system
Authors: Xie Bao-Hao , Chen Hua-Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present an array of optomechanical systems which consist of an optical cavity and three nanomechanical resonators. Introducing Jaynes-Cumming (J-C) coupling in the nearest neighbor resonator allows for the formation of optomechanical systems with arrays of N nanomechanical resonators. Using a strong pump field and a weak probe field to drive the optical cavity simultaneously, we investigated the coherent optical response and the probe transmission spectrum manifested as multiple optomechanically induced transparency. We illustrate the impact of probe-cavity detuning, J-C coupling strength, and the number of nanomechanical resonators on the transparent window. In particular, we analyze nanomechanical resonators and find that increasing their number results in multiple transparent windows and slow light at different frequencies. We also find that the slow light effect can be enhanced by increasing the number of nanomechanical resonators with odd numbers at resonance. These findings imply that the arrays of optomechanical system can be used for multichannel optical communications and multichannel quantum information processing.
Radiation-induced defects in the InGaN/GaN superlattice structure
Authors: Li Ye , Jiang Shangting , He Hongyu , Wang Xinlin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the molecular dynamics method, this paper investigates radiation-induced defects in the In0.16Ga0.84N/GaN superlattice structure (SLS) and the In0.04Ga0.96N/GaN SLS. In the temporal evolution of cascades, most of vacancies recombine with interstitials. The Monte Carlo simulations about the proportions of PKAs induced by 3 MeV protons were also considered in this work for calculating the weighted averages of surviving defects. For the In0.16Ga0.84N/GaN SLS irradiated by protons, around 82.6 percent of surviving vacancies are Ga vacancies while around 88.9 percent of surviving interstitials are Ga interstitials. For the In0.04Ga0.96N/GaN SLS irradiated by protons, around 87.3 percent of surviving vacancies are Ga vacancies while around 88.6 percent of surviving interstitials are Ga interstitials. N vacancies, N interstitials, and In vacancies also exist in irradiated InGaN/GaN SLS. Details about different types of defects are presented in this paper, which helps explain the microscopic mechanism of irradiated InGaN/GaN SLS. Since different types of defects have different influences on electronic and optical properties, simulations about the proportions of various defects in irradiated InGaN/GaN SLS help experimentalists find the effective factors of radiation-related changes in electronic and optical properties.
Effective action approach for preheating
Authors: Xu Bin , Xue Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a semiclassical non-perturbative approach for calculating the preheating
process at the end of inflation. Our method involves integrating out the decayed particles within
the path integral framework and subsequently determining world-line instanton solutions in the
effective action. This enables us to obtain the effective action of the inflaton, with its
imaginary part linked to the phenomenon of particle creation driven by coherent inflaton field
oscillations. Additionally, we utilize the Bogoliubov transformation to investigate the evolution
of particle density within the medium after multiple inflaton oscillations. We apply our approach
to various final state particles, including scalar fields, tachyonic fields, and gauge fields.
The non-perturbative approach provides analytical results for preheating that are in accord with
previous methods.
Electromagnetically induced gratings created by extremely short non-overlapping pulses of light in a three-level resonant medium
Authors: Arkhipov Rostislav 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In a fixed spectral range, single- and half-cycle electromagnetic pulses have the shortest duration. Half-cycle pulses are promising tools for ultrafast control of quantum systems. Previously, the possibility of using a sequence of single- and half-cycle attosecond pulses to generate and ultrafast control light-induced population difference gratings has been demonstrated. However, such studies have been carried out using different approximations, such as the sudden perturbation theory and the two-level model for the resonant medium. In this paper, based on the numerical solution of constitutive equations for elements of the density matrix and wave equation it is shown that it is possible to generate and control population gratings in a three-level medium without using the approximation of sudden perturbations used in previous studies. It is shown that taking into account the additional level of the medium does not lead to a violation of the effect of generating such gratings. This extends the applicability of previous results.
An efficient frequency-domain based methodology for the preliminary design of FOWT substructures
Authors: Reig M A , Mendikoa I , Petuya V 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An efficient frequency domain numerical tool for the preliminary design of the Floating Offshore Wind (FOW) substructures is developed, and validated against one of the leading state-of-the-art time domain based numerical tools: OpenFAST. It has been proven that the present tool enables to reach to similar conclusions as the state-of-the-art tools with a substantial reduction of the computational effort. This is achieved through two novel methods that obtain the hydrodynamic loads acting on the floating substructures. One estimates the linear hydrodynamic coefficients, and the other predicts the second-order wave loads. When combined with a simplified frequency domain response model, a quick assessment of the dynamics of numerous platform designs can be performed, accelerating the floater preliminary design process. The proposed method has been validated by carrying out a comparative analysis on a semi-submersible platform design space, characterised by the column diameter, the separation between the columns and the platform draft. The response motions have been compared against OpenFAST. Furthermore, the high efficiency of the proposed frequency domain tool makes it suitable to perform several sensitivity analyses that will allow for a better understanding of the dynamics and fine tune the foundations design accordingly from the early stages of design.