bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterning of Flexible Transparent Thin‐Film Transistors with Solution‐Processed ZnO Using the Binary Solvent Mixture
Authors: Kim Kyongjun , Park Siyun , Seon Jong‐Baek , Lim Keon‐Hee , Char Kookheon , Shin Kyusoon , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFlexible transparent thin‐film transistors (TTFTs) have emerged as next‐generation transistors because of their applicability in transparent electronic devices. In particular, the major driving force behind solution‐processed zinc oxide film research is its prospective use in printing for electronics. Since the patterning that prevents current leakage and crosstalk noise is essential to fabricate TTFTs, the need for sophisticated patterning methods is critical. In patterning solution‐processed ZnO thin films, several points require careful consideration. In general, as these thin films have a porous structure, conventional patterning based on photolithography causes loss of film performance. In addition, as controlling the drying process is very subtle and cumbersome, it is difficult to fabricate ZnO semiconductor films with robust fidelity through selective printing or patterning. Therefore, we have developed a simple selective patterning method using a substrate pre‐patterned through bond breakage of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), as well as a new developing method using a toluene–methanol mixture as a binary solvent mixture.
Novel Method of Preparation of Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Doped TiO2 and SiO2 Plasmonic Thin Films: Optical Characterization and Comparison with Maxwell–Garnett Modeling
Authors: Pedrueza Esteban , Valdés José L. , Chirvony Vladimir , Abargues Rafael , Hernández‐Saz Jesús , Herrera Miriam , Molina Sergio I. , Martínez‐Pastor Juan P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSiO2 and TiO2 thin films with gold nanoparticles (NPs) are of particular interest as photovoltaic materials. A novel method for the preparation of spin‐coated SiO2–Au and TiO2–Au nanocomposites is presented. This fast and inexpensive method, which includes three separate stages, is based on the in situ synthesis of both the metal‐oxide matrix and the Au NPs during a baking process at relatively low temperature. It allows the formation of nanocomposite thin films with a higher concentration of Au NPs than other methods. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy studies revealed a homogeneous distribution of NPs over the film volume along with their narrow size distribution. The optical manifestation of localized surface plasmon resonance was studied in more detail for TiO2‐based Au‐doped nanocomposite films deposited on glass (in absorption and transmittance) and silicon (in specular reflectance). Maxwell–Garnett effective‐medium theory applied to such metal‐doped nanocomposite films describes the peculiarities of the experimental spectra, including modification of the antireflective properties of bare TiO2 films deposited on silicon by varying the concentration of metal NPs. The antireflective capabilities of the film are increased after a wet etching process.
Large‐scale computational screening of metal‐organic frameworks for CH4/H2 separation
Authors: Wu Dong , Wang Cuicui , Liu Bei , Liu Dahuan , Yang Qingyuan , Zhong Chongli 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMolecular simulations were performed to study a diverse collection of 105 metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) for their ability to remove CH4 from CH4/H2 mixture. To investigate the practical industrial application in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process, working capacity was also considered in addition to selectivity. The results show that MOFs are promising candidate for this separation, which give higher adsorption selectivity with similar working capacity and higher working capacity with similar selectivity than the traditional nanoporous materials such as carbonaceous materials and zeolites. To quantitatively describe the structure–property relationship for CH4/H2 mixture separation in MOFs, a new concept named “adsorbility” was defined, which shows strong correlation with limiting selectivity, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.86. This work shows that although MOFs are promising materials for CH4/H2 mixture separation, more investigations that consider both selectivity and working capacity are necessary to screen MOFs in practical PSA application. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Changes in orientation of attritional wear facets with implications for jaw motion in a mixed longitudinal sample ofPropithecus edwardsifrom Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
Authors: Blatch Stephanie , Boyer Doug M. , King Stephen J. , Bunn Jonathan M. , Jernvall Jukka , Wright Patricia C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn many mammalian species, the progressive wearing down of the teeth that occurs over an individual's lifetime has the potential to change dental function, jaw movements, or even feeding habits. The orientation of phase‐I wear facets on molars reveals the direction of jaw movement during the power stroke of mastication. We investigated if and how molar wear facets change with increasing wear and/or age by examining a mixed longitudinal dataset of mandibular tooth molds from wildPropithecus edwardsi(N= 32 individuals, 86 samples). Measurements of the verticality of wear facets were obtained from three‐dimensional digital models generated from μCT scans. Results show that verticality decreases over the lifetime ofP. edwardsi, a change that implies an increasingly lateral translation of the jaw as the teeth move into occlusion. A more transverse phase‐I power stroke supports the hypothesis that these animals chew to maximize longevity and functionality of their teeth, minimizing the “waste” of enamel, while maintaining sharp shearing crests. Results of this study indicate that wear facet verticality is more closely correlated with age than overall amount of tooth wear, measured as area of exposed dentin, suggesting that age‐related changes in cranial morphology may be more responsible for adjustments in jaw motion over the lifetimes ofPropithecusthan wear‐related changes inthe shape of occluding teeth. Finally, the rate of decrease in wear facet verticality with age is greater in males than in females suggesting differences in development and/or access to resources between the sexes in this species. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of boric acid treatment method on the characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol)/iodine polarizing film
Authors: Shin Eun Joo , Lyoo Won Seok , Lee Yang Hun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFour types of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/iodine complex films were made using different boric acid treatments to prepare polarizing films having high durability under humid and warm atmospheres and to identify the effects of the boric acid treatment method on the formation of the PVA/iodine polarizing film. The four types of films were a PVA iodinated film(I), a PVA film that was iodinated and then treated with boric acid(I‐B), a PVA film that was treated with boric acid and then iodinated(B‐I), and a PVA film that was simultaneously treated with iodine and boric acid(I+B). The concentrations of I2/KI were 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 mol/L, and the concentrations of boric acid were 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mol/L. Comparing four type films treated with 0.05 mol/L I2/KI and 0.5 mol/L boric acid, the conformation of PVA/iodine complexes for I‐B film were larger than the others. The degrees of polarization (ρ) of all of the films increased to very high levels (99.9%↑). The durability of I‐B was superior to B‐I or I+B, and the change in the ρ was below 5% because the boric acid treated after iodine treatment reduced the molecular mobility of the PVA/iodine complex chains through intracrosslinking, so that the PVA/iodine complex could not easily collapse. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Location of Defensive Military Trenches in Central and Northern Greece
Authors: Kaimaris Dimitris 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe defensive military trenches of the first half of the twentieth century provide valuable insight into the typology, morphology and construction techniques of their era; however, only a small number of them still exist because of recent uncontrolled city growth. Historical (from 1938) and contemporary remote sensing data are used in this research for locating the sites of military trenches and to assess the extent of their disappearance in Greece. Examples of the different construction types of defensive military trenches can be found in the wider area around Kavala, Amphipolis, Thessaloniki, Trikala and Volos. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐destructive Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey at the South Walls of the Acropolis of Athens
Authors: Tsourlos P.I. , Tsokas G. N. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe present the application and results of a fully non‐destructive electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey conducted at the Acropolis of Athens. The aim of the survey to investigate the space behind the south wall of the Acropolis. The electrode lines were deployed vertically and horizontally on the wall as well as on the top of the hill. Further ERT tomographies were conducted encompassing the volume of the material between the outer wall and inner open pits. Bentonite mud electrodes were employed instead of metal stakes in order to comply with the non‐destructive character of the whole operation. An existing ERT data processing algorithm was modified to cope with the particular requirements of this unconventional survey. Areas of increased moisture were revealed in the prospected volumes. Further, the thickness of the wall was assessed in particular locations. It is shown that this type of survey is perfectly feasible and can produce informative results and elucidating images for archaeologists and restoration scientists. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First Field Magnetometer Investigation at the Phoenician Island of Mozia (Trapani), Northwestern Sicily: Preliminary Results
Authors: Di Mauro D. , Alfonsi L. , Sapia V. , Nigro Lorenzo , Marchetti M. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe island of Mozia represents a unique location for geophysical investigations applied to archaeological research. The presence of exposed structures and ongoing studies, run by the University ‘La Sapienza’ of Rome, allows a direct comparison of geophysical exploration data with the excavations results, giving an immediate control on the accuracy and robustness of the geophysical survey conducted. Four areas around the Kothon, a Phoenician artificial basin, have been investigated by means of magnetic methods; the purpose was to trace a semi‐circular wall surrounding the structure of the basin. The geophysical results confirmed the presence of the wall, as postulated by the archaeological study, and indicated magnetic anomalies associated with previously unknown structures. Subsequent archaeological excavation confirmed these latter data. The magnetic signature of the topsoils and remains characterizing the area surveyed,was undoubtedly weak, even though the resulting anomalies maps were adequately clear and allowed the characterization of the archaeological structures in the area. Field and laboratory magnetic susceptibility measurements allowed better understanding of the data. The study confirmed that geomagnetic investigations can be used in weakly magnetic susceptibility environments, as in Mozia, and are productive if conducted in accordance with an archaeological agenda. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing to enhance retention in human anatomy
Authors: Logan Jessica M. , Thompson Andrew J. , Marshak David W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRecent work in cognitive psychology has shown that repeatedly testing one's knowledge is a powerful learning aid and provides substantial benefits for retention of the material. To apply this in a human anatomy course for medical students, 39 fill‐in‐the‐blank quizzes of about 50 questions each, one for each region of the body, and four about the nervous system, were developed. The quizzes were optional, and no credit was awarded. They were posted online using Blackboard, which provided feedback, and they were very popular. To determine whether the quizzes had any effect on retention, they were given in a controlled setting to 21 future medical and dental students. The weekly quizzes included questions on regional anatomy and an expanded set of questions on the nervous system. Each question about the nervous system was given three times, in a slightly different form each time. The second quiz was given approximately half an hour after the first one, and the third was given one week after the second to assess retention. The quizzes were unpopular, but students showed robust improvement on the questions about the nervous system. The scores increased by almost 9% on the second quiz, with no intervention except viewing the correct answers. The scores were 29% higher on the third quiz than on the first, and there was also a positive correlation between the grades on the quizzes and the final examination. Thus, repeated testing is an effective strategy for learning and retaining information about human anatomy. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Heuristic Chemistry—Elimination Reactions
Authors: Graulich Nicole , Hopf Henning , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBesides additions and substitutions, elimination reactions play a fundamental role in organic synthesis. However, conceptual reviews of known 1,x‐elimination patterns that go beyond the typical olefin‐forming 1,2‐eliminations are scarce. To develop a broader understanding of elimination reactions, we follow a heuristic approach and deduce recurrent reaction patterns from traditional and specific elimination reactions. Our work demonstrates that 1,x‐elimination reactions and their outcomes can be easily rationalized by defined mnemonic categories.
Predicting human plasma protein binding of drugs using plasma protein interaction QSAR analysis (PPI‐QSAR)
Authors: Li Haiyan , Chen Zhuxi , Xu Xuejun , Sui Xiaofan , Guo Tao , Liu Wei , Zhang Jiwen 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTA novel method, named as the plasma protein‐interaction QSAR analysis (PPI‐QSAR) was used to construct the QSAR models for human plasma protein binding. The intra‐molecular descriptors of drugs and inter‐molecular interaction descriptors resulted from the docking simulation between drug molecules and human serum albumin were included as independent variables in this method. A structure‐based in silico model for a data set of 65 antibiotic drugs was constructed by the multiple linear regression method and validated by the residual analysis, the normal Probability‐Probability plot and Williams plot. The R2 and Q2 values of the entire data set were 0.87 and 0.77, respectively, for the training set were 0.86 and 0.72, respectively. The results indicated that the fitted model is robust, stable and satisfies all the prerequisites of the regression models. Combining intra‐molecular descriptors with inter‐molecular interaction descriptors between drug molecules and human serum albumin, the drug plasma protein binding could be modeled and predicted by the PPI‐QSAR method successfully. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The anatomical collection of Giovan Battista Rini (1795–1856):
Authors: PANZER S. , CARLI A. , ZINK A.R. , PIOMBINO‐MASCALI D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEight anatomical preparations from the collection of Giovan Battista Rini (1795‐1856) at the Desenzano Hospital Pathology Division (Brescia, Italy) were examined by computed tomography (CT). The aim of the study was to obtain detailed information on the state of preservation of these “anatomical mummies” and the techniques used to prepare them. Relying on the existing literature, the examined specimens (five heads with necks, two busts and one heart) could be divided into three types of anatomical specimens: “dry preparations,” “corrosion preparations,” and “organ preparations.” CT examination enabled the assessment of the exact features of each specimen, some of the preparation techniques applied, the presence of foreign bodies, and the use of substances to fill the blood vessels. All of the cases demonstrated an extremely good state of preservation. The study sheds new light on important‐yet scarcely known‐preparation techniques created for different anatomical demonstrations. Results of the CT investigation were consistent with the anatomical preservation methods described in 18th to 20th century literature, particularly those of Italy. Clin. Anat. 25:299–307, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural Framework for the Modulation of the Activity of the Hybrid Antibiotic Peptide Cecropin A‐Melittin [CA(1–7)M(2–9)] by Nε‐Lysine Trimethylation
Authors: Díaz M. Dolores , de la Torre Beatriz G. , Fernández‐Reyes María , Rivas Luis , Andreu David , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe 3D structures of six linear pentadecapeptides derived from the cecropin A–melittin antimicrobial peptide CA(1–7)M(2–9) [KWKLFKKIGAVLKVL‐NH2] have been studied. These analogues are modified by ε‐NH2 trimethylation of one or more lysine residues and showed variation in both antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, depending on the number and position of modified lysines. Since it is expected that these peptides will display a strong conformational ordering when in contact with membranes, we have investigated their structure on the basis of the data extracted from NMR experiments performed in membrane‐mimetic environments. We show that inclusion of Nε‐trimethylated lysine residues induces a certain degree of structural flexibility, while preserving to a variable extent a largely α‐helical structure. In addition, peptide orientation with respect to SDS micelles has been explored by detection of the intensity changes of peptide NMR signals upon addition of a paramagnetic probe (Mn2+ ions).
Influence of corevalve revalving system implantation on mitral valve function
Authors: De Chiara Benedetta , Moreo Antonella , De Marco Federico , Musca Francesco , Oreglia Jacopo , Lobiati Elisabetta , Bruschi Giuseppe , Belli Oriana , Mauri Francesco , Klugmann Silvio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study is to verify whether transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) determined changes in mitral valve (MV) function, in terms of mitral regurgitation (MR) and stenosis. Background: Little data is available regarding the effects of TAVI on global MV function, often derived from analysis primarily focused on clinical and aortic related outcomes. Methods: From May 2008 to March 2010, 73 patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis underwent TAVI with the CoreValve ReValving System. The study population consisted of 58 patients (27 males, mean age 82 ± 7 years) who underwent transthoracic echocardiography at least ≥1 month after implantation (mean follow‐up 7.8 ± 5.4 months). Results: In patients with a left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction, EF, <45%) at the baseline, EF significantly increased from 37 ± 6% to 48 ± 7% after TAVI (P = 0.003). Before TAVI, 42 patients had no or mild MR, 13 mild‐to‐moderate, and 3 moderate or moderate‐to‐severe. During follow‐up, the MR degree was unchanged in the majority of patients (55%), 12% reduced, and 33% worsened. Variables associated with worsening in MR were depth of aortic prosthesis (P = 0.02 for the distance between the ventricular end and the right coronary cusp; P = 0.04 for mean distance right‐left coronary cusps) and left atrium area at the baseline (P = 0.02). After TAVI, six patients (10%) developed mild or moderate mitral stenosis, often in a native valve with anterior calcifications. Conclusions: In the majority of patients no significant changes occurred in the degree of MR in native valve, but we found that if the aortic valve was deeply implanted in the left ventricle outflow tract, a worsening in MR can be observed. A mitral stenosis development must be sought in patients with heavy calcifications of the anterior leaflet. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary chronic total occlusions
Authors: Godino Cosmo , Latib Azeem , Economou Fotios I. , Al‐Lamee Rasha , Ielasi Alfonso , Bassanelli Giorgio , Figini Filippo , Chieffo Alaide , Montorfano Matteo , Colombo Antonio , Carlino Mauro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim: There are limited data on the mid‐term safety following the use of the guided‐subintimal tracking and re‐entry (guided‐STAR) technique for the treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTO) and concerns have arisen about a potential increased risk of stent thrombosis (ST). Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid‐term safety in terms of cardiac death and ST after recanalization using the contrast guided‐STAR technique when compared to conventional anterograde CTO recanalization (CA‐CTO). Methods and Results: This retrospective study analyzed 355 consecutive patients with successful angiographic recanalization (residual stenosis <20% and TIMI flow grade ≥2) of CTO lesion. Seventy‐four (20.8%) underwent guided‐STAR and 281 (79.2%) had CA‐CTO. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Compared to CA‐CTO patients, the rate of the following clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics were significantly higher in guided‐STAR patients: hypercholesterolemia (84 vs. 67%, P = 0.004), previous CABG (41.3 vs. 15.7%, P < 0.0001), three‐vessel disease, (62.7 vs. 47%, P = 0.019), right coronary artery CTO (62.7 vs. 41.6%, P = 0.002), stent length (68.15 vs. 54.05 mm, P < 0.0001). A drug‐eluting stent was implanted in the majority of cases (89.2% guided‐STAR vs. 93.5% CA‐CTO). At a median follow‐up of 779 days (IQR 495–1035), there were no significant differences in cardiac survival (97.2 vs. 97.5%, Log‐rank P = 0.912) and cumulative ARC ST rates (2.8 vs. 1.8%, Log‐rank P = 0.610) for guided‐STAR and CA‐CTO patients, respectively. The rate of restenosis was significantly higher in the guided‐STAR group compared to the CA‐CTO group (54 vs. 30%, Log‐rank P < 0.0001). The adjusted Cox proportional‐hazard analysis for procedural technique showed that the only significant independent predictor of restenosis was the stent length (HR, 1.017; 95% CI, 1.008–1.027; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: At mid‐term follow‐up, the guided‐STAR was not inferior to CA‐CTO in terms of safety. The only significant independent predictor of restenosis was the stent length. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Combination therapy involving stenting and coil embolization for atherosclerotic narrowing complicated by a coronary aneurysm
Authors: Oda Hirotaka , Suzuki Tomoyasu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThere is controversy as to how atherosclerotic coronary artery aneurysms should be treated and managed because their prognosis is still unknown. This report describes a case in which atherosclerotic coronary narrowing accompanied by a saccular coronary aneurysm was successfully treated by combination therapy involving coil embolization to treat the aneurysm and stent implantation across the narrowing and the ostium of the aneurysm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel application of angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy for massive thrombosis of the native aortic valve and jarvick 2000 ventricular assist device in a patient with end‐stage heart failure
Authors: Barbieri Andrea , Bertelli Luca , Sangiorgi Giuseppe M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWith the diffusion of implantable ventricular assist pumps in heart failure patients refractory to treatments or ineligible to transplantation, acute aortic valve and device thrombosis is an unusual but potentially increasing complication. We report a novel application of angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy for acute and massive thrombosis of the native aortic valve and of the left ventricular assist device in a heart failure patient. The technical execution and clinical experience with this technique is described. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.