bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Facial Morphology and Esthetics in Patients with Repaired Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Russell K. A. , Tompson B. 
Published: December 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if there were correlations between anthropometric nasolabial measurements and subjective assessments of nasal esthetics in individuals with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Participants: The sample consisted of 28 individuals with repaired CUCLP and 20 age- and gender-matched individuals without clefts. Outcome Measures: Nasolabial morphology was assessed using 2D and 3D measurements made on frontal photographs, lateral cephalometric radiographs, and plaster nose casts. A panel of orthodontists rated nasal esthetics from frontal, lateral, three-quarter, and basal view photographs and plaster nose casts using visual analog scales, and they also order ranked the nose casts. Based on the nasal esthetics ratings and rankings, two groups that had the best and the worst esthetics representing the extremes of nasolabial esthetics were statistically identified. Measurements were compared between the cleft and noncleft and the best and worst groups using t tests and analysis of variance. Results: Differences in anthropometric measurements between the groups were identified. The columellar width and nose base and nasolabial angles significantly differed between the best and worst groups (p < .05). Differences in panel ratings of nasolabial esthetics between the best and worst groups were statistically detected using lateral and three-quarter view photographs (p < .05). Conclusions: Although morphologic differences between the cleft and noncleft and between the best and worst groups were identified, the slight morphologic differences noted were not sufficient to explain the subjective esthetic evaluation by the panel.
Successful Implementation of Horizontal Openhole Gravel Packing in the Stybarrow Field, Offshore Western Australia
Authors: Napalowski Ralf , Hill Robin , Stomp Robert , Fagervik Egil , Derkach Edward , Manning David 
Published: December 2009

Summary
Key sandface completion challenges were faced in the selection, design, planning, and execution phases of the openhole horizontal gravel-pack completions in the deepwater Stybarrow field, offshore Western Australia. Only limited technical experience and infrastructure were available in the country to support such a complex operation. Additionally, the lateral reservoir-quality variations and challenging sand/shale heterogeneities have necessitated an early focus on appropriate reservoir-drilling-fluid (RDF) design, detailed sand-screen selection, and gravel-pack modeling to minimize premature screenout during gravel packing and to ensure minimal formation damage.
This paper documents the multidisciplinary approach that commenced during the field-appraisal and data-acquisition stages to derive the sand-management plan and that culminated in the successful implementation of four horizontal openhole gravel packs. A novel RDF design, extensive formation-damage testing, and the selection of the circulating gravel-packing technique have led to the successful sand-control implementation, with pack factors in excess of 100%. Attention to detail during detailed design, extensive contingency planning, and diligent execution were major contributing factors in delivering high-quality wells capable of producing as per basis of well design, proved by early production performance. The Stybarrow development represents the first successful implementation of horizontal openhole gravel packing in Australia.
An improved procedure for synthesis of some new 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones using PEG-400 as a recyclable solvent and their antimicrobial evaluation
Authors: Dawane Bhaskar , Konda Shankaraiah , Shaikh Baseer , Bhosale Raghunath 
Published: December 2009

An improved procedure for synthesis of some new 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones using PEG-400 as a recyclable solvent and their antimicrobial evaluationA simple and convenient route is described for the synthesis of novel hetero 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones (chalcones) by using recyclable PEG-400 as an alternative reaction solvent. The reaction is clean with excellent yield, shorter reaction time and reduces the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against several pathogenic representatives.
Identification of Myotis Blythii and M. Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Eastern Europe Based on the Measurements of Lower Teeth
Authors: Ghazali M. 
Published: December 2009

Identification ofMyotis BlythiiandM. Myotis(Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Eastern Europe Based on the Measurements of Lower TeethSince the shape of lower teeth is similar inMyotisspecies, it was the size that was used for differentiation between them. Canonical variates analysis was used to determine the possibility of discrimination betweenM. blythiiTomes, 1857 andM. myotisBorkhausen, 1797 based on lower teeth. The lengths and widths of canines, premolars and molars were measured. More than 89% of the specimens were correctly classified in the models built using measurements of each tooth separately ("one-tooth" models). Better result was obtained for different combinations of the teeth. The largest and the most frequent in the fossils teeth (c inf., p/4, m/1, m/2, and m/3) were chosen for "several-teeth" models. Sets of three teeth maximize the discriminatory power almost to 100%.
The Quebec Clerk Controversy: A Study in Sociability, the Public Sphere, and the Eighteenth-Century Spirit of Enlightenment
Authors: Eamon Michael 
Published: December 2009

Abstract: In December 1790, a proposal advocating the creation of a weekly club for merchant clerks was published in the Quebec Herald, sparking a controversy over the propriety of sociability, public debate, and the proper conduct of youth. This article explores the concerns expressed by contributors to the newspaper, many of whom purported to be of the city's young, ambitious – though little-regarded – clerical class. Over a five-month period, letters arguing the importance of personal and civic betterment and valuing free association, rational discussion, and democratic order came into opposition with missives embodying more traditional fears such as the inherent restlessness, disorder, and impatience of youth. The use of the Quebec Herald to voice these concerns illustrates that a dynamic public sphere of opinion existed in late-eighteenth-century Quebec. Furthermore, the controversy provides a window into the diffusion of the spirit of Enlightenment among the colony's English-language society on the eve of the Constitutional Act.
Class, Gender, and the Social Standard: The Montreal Junior League, 1912–1939
Authors: Chenier Elise 
Published: December 2009

Abstract: This article examines how Anglo-Montreal upper-class women constructed, managed, and maintained their identity and, by extension, their social position by recasting ‘coming out’ as a debutante as training in intelligent philanthropy and civic responsibility. Using the Montreal Junior League as a case study I argue that, though run by and for women, Junior Leagues functioned primarily as a means to confer social status and affirm class privilege. In contrast to their middle-class feminist contemporaries, Junior Leaguers’ sense of their own legitimacy as actors on the public stage derived from their social position as elites, not on their maternal authority as women. By focusing on social status as an identity category, the article concludes that historians need to take more care to treat gender as a primary category of analysis, not the primary category of analysis.
“It Was My Dream That Screwed Up”: The Relativity of Transcendence inOn the Road
Authors: Haslam Jason 
Published: December 2009

Abstract:This paper interrogates Jack Kerouac's appropriation and transformation of a Thoreauvian-style transcendentalism by reading On the Road through Mikhail Bakhtin's discussion of the chronotope. Kerouac's chronotopic resistance to dominant visions of the United States brings with it a problematic identity politics, specifically in terms of the racialization of the representation of transcendent identity. Rather than a personal or specific failure of a particular author or text, this tension can be read as a portrayal of the inevitable failure of social critiques that are based on notions of finding an “authentic” identity in a transcendence beyond, and disconnected from, historical and personal contexts. In other words, On the Road can be seen as a portrayal of the problems of an American romantic notion of identity, which makes universal claims about the transcendental potential of the individual. On the Road thus points to a difficulty surrounding dominant US notions of the self-reliance of the individual per se.
With Malice toward Quite a Few: Troubled Polities in American Literary Realism
Authors: Varsava Jerry A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract: Increased scholarly attention is now being paid to the depiction of intercultural relations in American literature across all periods. The books examined in this review article contribute importantly to this body of work, paying particular, though not exclusive, attention to realist fiction of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As Henry Wonham and Mary Esteve demonstrate, we find embedded within realist literary works sometimes blatantly obvious, sometimes teasingly oblique, representations of racial minorities, women, and immigrants that are most often malicious in intent and inevitably invidious in consequence. Also investigating the depiction of intercultural relations—though focusing on affirmations of cosmopolitanism in American regional literature from 1850 to 1930—Tom Lutz tenders a more sanguine reading of the realist tradition, finding within it reverberations of a democratic sensibility that is, in his view, inalienably American and indeed the very hallmark of American literature.
Developing School Nutrition Policies: Enabling and Barrier Factors
Authors: MacLellan Debbie , Taylor Jennifer , Freeze Catherine 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: The study was conducted to identify the enabling and barrier factors in the development of nutrition policies in Prince Edward Island elementary and consolidated schools. Methods: A document review and in-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (n=12). Results: Principals were identified as important champions for change. Working group members created an interface between the school world and the nutrition world, and drew upon common philosophical ground to work together to lead the change process. Successfully navigating the process of policy development required building a case for change, testing policies in the real world, integrating healthy eating within school life, offering support to schools, engaging participants, and acknowledging the need to weigh the costs and benefits of the change. At times, external pressures on schools and available foods varied in the extent to which they enabled or challenged policy development. Finally, resource limitations, competing issues, and the use of unhealthy food as rewards were identified as the primary barriers. Conclusions: The use of a consultative approach that engages key stakeholders early in the process is critical to the successful development of school nutrition policies. This approach also may be an important predictor of the longterm success of such initiatives.
Coming and Going: Dietetic Students’ Experience of Their Education
Authors: Atkins Jennifer , Gingras Jacqui 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: Nutrition students’ expectations for and experiences of their education were explored, as was the influence of the educational process on the students. Methods: In this qualitative research guided by a phenomenological approach, eight students in the first year and six in the final year of an undergraduate program completed semistructured interviews. Results: Although the students were diverse in terms of age, ethnicity, and class background, all stated that they wanted to become dietitians. Our findings illuminate the ways in which dietetic education influences students’ relationship with food, their bodies, bodies of knowledge, and family and friends. Professionalization, as initiated through discourse, necessitates a particular loss of relationship with the self. Although students enter with an awareness of professional norms and discourses, their education fosters an identity shift based on the kinds of nutrition knowledge and discourses they are learning, as these are performed by educators. Conclusions: Acknowledging that an embodied curriculum has an impact on professionalization is important for educators and students because education is a critical site for developing a professional identity; this identity then influences how dietitians practise. This research has implications for recruitment language, professional practice curricula, faculty development, the scholarship of teaching and learning, and ongoing support for students as they enter practice contexts.
Impact of Nutrition Education On University Students’ Fat Consumption
Authors: Emrich Teri E. , Mazier M.J. Patricia 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: University science students who have taken a nutrition course possess greater knowledge of fats than do those who have not; whether students apply this knowledge to their diet is unknown. We measured and compared science students' total and saturated fat intake in the first and fourth years, and evaluated whether taking a nutrition course influenced fat consumption. Methods: A sample of 269 first- and fourth-year science students at a small undergraduate university completed a survey with both demographic questions and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire about fats in the diet. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and independent-sample t-tests. Results: Fourth-year science students consumed fewer grams of total and saturated fat than did first-year science students (p<0.001). Science students who had taken a nutrition course consumed fewer grams of total and saturated fat than did those who had not (p<0.001). Conclusions: Taking a nutrition course may decrease first-year students’ fat consumption, which may improve diet quality and decrease the risk of chronic disease related to fat consumption.
Use of Oral Nutrition Supplements In Long-term Care Facilities
Authors: Johnson Shanthi , Nasser Roseann , Banow Tiffany , Cockburn Tanya , Voegeli Leah , Wilson Orina , Coleman Jean 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: Practices related to oral nutrition supplement (ONS) use were examined in elderly people living in longterm care (LTC) facilities. Methods: Thirteen LTC facilities within a large regional health authority participated, and 17 people responsible for prescribing ONS in their facilities were interviewed, using a key informant telephone survey. A survey on ONS practice wasmodified, pilot tested, and used. Results:Oral nutrition supplements were primarily prescribed by nursing staff (59%), followed by physicians, registered dietitians, or other staff; ONS use was prescribed for decreased intake, unintentional weight loss, or wound healing. Various ONS products (e.g., Ensure, Boost, or Resource 2.0) were prescribed. Only 18% of respondents reported using alternative food options first to supplement nutritional intake, before introducing ONS. In terms of follow-up and evaluation, the measures of improvement included weight gain, wound healing, or improved well-being; reasons for discontinuation included weight gain, increased intake, or death. Conclusions: Within LTC settings, the prescription and monitoring of ONS vary considerably. Evidence-based guidelines for the prescription and monitoring of ONS and for the use of a food-first strategy should be developed, implemented, and evaluated to optimize the nutritional health of the elderly in LTC facilities.
Discretionary Food Fortification: Implications of Consumer Attitudes
Authors: Kalergis Maria , MacDonald Andrew 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: The interest in, intent to, and impact of consuming foods fortified with vitamins and minerals, particularly foods of poor nutritional quality, were evaluated among Canadians. Methods: A Canada-wide, online survey of 1200 adults and teens was used to assess the interest in, intent to, and impact of consuming or serving foods fortified under two fortification scenarios (10% and 20% of the Recommended Daily Value). Categories of foods tested were cereal bars, energy bars, flavoured bottled water, frozen desserts, fruit drinks, fruit juice, salty snacks, soda pop, sports drinks, sweet baked goods, and sweets. Results: The majority of adults and teens were interested in consuming fortified foods and indicated that they would increase their current consumption of specific foods if they became fortified. These foods included soft drinks, salty snacks, fruit drinks, and fruit juice. A large proportion of adults also indicated that they would serve more of these fortified foods to their children. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that fortifying foods, particularly those of poor nutritional quality, could lead to increased consumption of these foods among children, teens, and adults. Potentially, this could have a negative impact on eating habits and, in turn, could exacerbate the current nutrition-related health issues that Canadians face.
Myocardial Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Insights from Tissue Doppler and Strain Imaging
Authors: BUSS SEBASTIAN J. , WOLF DAVID , KOROSOGLOU GRIGORIOS , MAX REGINA , WEISS CELINE S. , FISCHER CHRISTIAN , SCHELLBERG DIETER , ZUGCK CHRISTIAN , KUECHERER HELMUT F. , LORENZ HANNS-MARTIN , KATUS HUGO A. , HARDT STEFAN E. , HANSEN ALEXANDER 
Published: December 2009

Objective.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular involvement is frequently underestimated by routine imaging techniques. Our aim was to determine if new echocardiographic imaging modalities like tissue Doppler (TDI), strain rate (SRR), and strain (SRI) imaging detect abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) function in asymptomatic patients with SLE.Methods.Sixty-seven young patients with SLE (mean age 42 ± 10 yrs) without typical symptoms or signs of heart failure or angina, and a matched healthy control group (n = 40), underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography, TDI, SRR, and SRI imaging of the LV as well as assessment of disease characteristics.Results.Despite findings within the normal range on routine standard 2-dimensional echocardiography, SLE was associated with significantly impaired systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities of the LV measured by TDI [mean global TDI: systolic (s): 2.9 ± 0.9 vs 3.9 ± 0.7 cm/s, p < 0.05; early (e): 4.3 ± 1.5 vs 6.3 ± 1.3 cm/s, p < 0.05; late (a): 2.9 ± 0.8 vs 3.4 ± 0.8 cm/s, p < 0.05; values ± SD); SRR (s: −0.8 ± 0.1 vs −1.1 ± 0.1 s−1; e: 1.1 ± 0.2 vs 1.6 ± 0.3 s−1; a: 0.7 ± 0.1 vs 1.0 ± 0.2 s−1; all p < 0.05); and SR (−15.11 ± 2.2% vs −19.7 ± 1.9%; p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Further, elevated disease activity, measured with the ECLAM and the SLEDAI score, resulted in significantly lower values for LV longitudinal function measured by SRR and SR, but not by TDI.Conclusion.SLE is associated with a significant impairment of systolic and diastolic LV longitudinal function in patients without cardiac symptoms. New imaging modalities provide earlier insight into cardiovascular involvement in SLE and seem to be superior to standard echocardiography to detect subclinical myocardial disease.
Bone Marrow Edema Is the Most Specific Finding for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) on Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hands and Wrists: A Comparison of Patients with RA and Healthy Controls
Authors: OLECH EWA , CRUES JOHN V. , YOCUM DAVID E. , MERRILL JOAN T. 
Published: December 2009

Objective. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting erosions, bone edema, and synovitis in the metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods. MRI scans of bilateral hands and wrists of 40 healthy subjects and 40 RA patients were performed using 0.2 T extremity-MRI and read blindly using a modified RA MRI (RAMRIS) system (no contrast injection, imaging in 1 plane only). To determine interreader reliability, images of 10 randomly selected subjects were read independently by a musculoskeletal radiologist.Results. A total of 3360 bones were evaluated. Patients with RA had significantly more erosions as well as higher scores for bone edema and synovitis than healthy subjects. Age had a significant effect on the number of erosions in both groups. However, when disease duration was factored in, age became insignificant in RA patients. Erosion number correlated with positive rheumatoid factor and higher C-reactive protein values. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the 2 readers was 0.76 for individual joints and 0.88 for total scores. When having a single erosion was used as a positive test for RA, the sensitivity of this test was 90%, but the specificity was only 35%. Presence of bone edema provided 65% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity. Eliminating the lunate from scoring for bone edema increased the specificity to 87.5% while decreasing the sensitivity to 62.5%.Conclusion. While MRI is a highly sensitive tool for identifying and tracking the progression of erosions, erosions detected by MRI with measures commonly used in a rheumatologist’s office (no contrast, imaging in 1 plane) provide low specificity for RA. Bone marrow edema is the most specific MRI lesion for RA in this setting.
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Deficiency Delays Lupus Nephritis in MRL-FaslprMice: The IL-6 Pathway as a New Therapeutic Target in Treatment of Autoimmune Kidney Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: CASH HANNES , RELLE MANFRED , MENKE JULIA , BROCHHAUSEN CHRISTOPH , JONES SIMON A. , TOPLEY NICHOLAS , GALLE PETER R. , SCHWARTING ANDREAS 
Published: December 2009

Objective.To investigate the pathophysiological effect of interleukin 6 (IL-6) on lupus nephritis in MRL-Faslprmice.Methods.We generated IL-6-deficient MRL-Faslprmice using a backcross/intercross breeding scheme. Renal pathology was evaluated using immunohistochemistry detection for macrophages, lymphocytes, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling) for apoptotic cells, and renal IgG and C3 deposition by immunofluorescence staining. Expression of inflammatory markers in the spleen was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Serum cytokine concentrations were detected by FACS analysis.Results.IL-6 deficiency was highly effective in prolonging survival and ameliorating the clinical, immunological, and histological indicators of murine systemic lupus erythematosus. During the study period of 6 months, MRL-FaslprIL-6 −/− mice showed delayed onset of proteinuria and hematuria compared to IL-6-intact control mice. Survival rate was 100% in IL-6-deficient MRL-Faslprmice and 25% in the control group at 6 months of age. The absence of IL-6 resulted in significant reduction of infiltrating macrophages in the kidney (p < 0.05), a decrease in renal IgG and C3 deposition, and a reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. The parenchymal adhesion molecule VCAM-1 was found to be downregulated in kidneys of MRL-FaslprIL-6 −/− compared to IL-6-intact mice. We found elevated serum levels of IL-10 and interferon-γ in IL-6-deficient mice, while splenic mRNA showed an overall downregulation of immunoregulatory genes.Conclusion.IL-6 is a strong promoter of lupus nephritis and may be a promising new therapeutic target in the treatment of human lupus nephritis.