bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Tu Shi‐Ming , Lopez Adriana , Leibovici Dan , Bilen Mehmet A. , Evliyaoglu Ferhat , Aparicio Ana , Guo Charles C. , Kuban Deborah A. , Johnson Marcy M. , Pisters Louis L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Ductal or endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the prostate may be a subtype of prostate cancer that is amenable to aggressive local therapeutic strategies. The authors of this report investigated the clinical outcome of patients who had prostate ductal adenocarcinoma after primary radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy.METHODS:The clinical features of 108 patients with locally confined or advanced prostate ductal adenocarcinoma who had undergone primary radical prostatectomy (surgical group, n = 76 men) or no surgery (nonsurgical group, n = 32 men) were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical records were reviewed, and Gleason scores, clinical/pathologic stages, and preoperative prostate‐specific antigen levels were examined. The clinical features that were assessed included local recurrence, distant metastasis, and progression‐free and overall survival after primary therapy.RESULTS:In the surgical group, patients who had pure ductal prostate cancer survived longer (median, 13.8 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], from 13.8 years to not attained) than patients who had mixed ductal prostate cancer (median, 8.9 years; 95% CI, from 7.1 years to not attained; P = .05). In addition, the median time to local progression was shorter (2.8 years vs 4.9 years) and the median time to distant metastasis was longer (3.9 years vs 2.0 years) for patients who had pure ductal adenocarcinoma than for patients who had mixed ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate after surgery, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this preliminary study suggested that pure ductal prostate adenocarcinoma tends to pursue an indolent clinical course and poses an increased risk for local recurrence. Local control (particularly prostatectomy) may improve the clinical outcome of patients with pure prostate ductal adenocarcinoma. These results need to be confirmed in prospective studies. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Red‐ and Blue‐Shifted Hydrogen Bonds in theCis–TransNoncyclic Formic Acid Dimer
Authors: Zhou Pan‐Pan , Qiu Wen‐Yuan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThecis–transnoncyclic formic acid dimer was studied by means of MP2 method with 6‐31G(d,p), 6‐31+G(d,p) and 6‐311+G(d,p) basis sets. It exhibits simultaneously red‐shifted OH⋅⋅⋅O and blue‐shifted CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. AIM and NBO analyses are performed at the MP2/6‐31+G(d,p) level to explore their properties and origins. AIM analysis provides the evidence that the OH bond becomes weaker and the CH bond becomes stronger upon the hydrogen bond formations. Intermolecular and intramolecular hyperconjugations have important influence on the electron densities in the XH (X=O, C) σ bonding orbital and its σ* antibonding orbital. The electron densities in the two orbitals are closely connected with the XH (X=O, C) bond length, and they are used to quantitatively estimate the bond length variation. The larger amount of charge transfer in the red‐shifted OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond is due to its favorable H⋅⋅⋅O electron channel, whereas the H⋅⋅⋅O electron channel in the blue‐shifted CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond is weaker. Structural reorganization effects shorten the CH bond by approximately 30 % when compared to the CH bond contraction upon the dimerization. Strikingly, it leads to a small elongation and a slight red shift of the OH bond. Both rehybridization and repolarization result in the XH (X=O, C) bond contraction, but their effects on the OH bond do not hold a dominant position. The hydrogen‐bonding processes go through the electrostatic attractions, van der Waals interactions, charge‐transfer interactions, hydrogen‐bonding interactions and electrostatic repulsions. Electrostatic attractions are of great importance on the origin of the red‐shifted OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond, especially the strong Hδ+⋅⋅⋅Oδ−attraction. For the blue‐shifted CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond, the considerable nucleus–nucleus repulsion between H and O atoms caused by the strong electrostatic attraction between C and O atoms is a possible reason for the CH bond contraction and its blue shift.
Raman Spectra of Poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s with Fluorinated Vinylene Units: Evidence of Inter‐ring Distortion
Authors: Piacenza Manuel , Comoretto Davide , Burger Martin , Morandi Valentina , Marabelli Franco , Martinelli Carmella , Farinola Gianluca M. , Cardone Antonio , Gigli Giuseppe , Della Sala Fabio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRing the changes: Experimental Raman spectra of fluorinated and non‐fluorinated polyphenylenevinylenes are assigned according to quantum chemical calculations for oligomer model systems (see picture). Characteristic differences in the spectra can be traced back to strong inter‐ring distortion of the fluorinated compounds.magnified imageThe Raman spectrum of poly{2‐methoxy‐5‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]‐1,4‐phenylenedifluorovinylene} (MEH‐PPDFV) is reported and compared with that of a well‐known non‐fluorinated reference polymer, namely poly{2‐methoxy‐5‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene} (MEH‐PPV). The Raman spectra of both polymers are assigned on the basis of density functional theory calculations of the corresponding oligomers. The main differences between vinylene fluorinated and non‐fluorinated structures deal with the intensity, frequency shift and broadening of CC vinylene stretching. Additional differences concern the relative intensities of CC phenylene and vinylene stretching as well as the deformation modes in the range 1250–1350 cm−1. It is shown that these effects are due to the larger distortion from planarity of the fluorinated polymer, compared with the non‐fluorinated counterpart, induced by repulsive interactions between the fluorine atoms on the vinylene units and the oxygen atoms of the alkoxy groups on the aromatic rings.
Design and simulation of modular 2n to 1 quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) multiplexers
Authors: Mardiris Vassilios A. , Karafyllidis Ioannis G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper a novel design of a quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) 2 to 1 multiplexer is presented. The QCA circuit is simulated and its operation is analyzed. A modular design and simulation methodology is developed, which can be used to design 2n to 1 QCA multiplexers using the 2 to 1 QCA multiplexer as a building block. The design methodology is formulated in order to increase the circuit stability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust certification service for highly dynamic MANET in emergency tasks
Authors: Ge M. , Lam K. Y. , Gollmann D. , Chung S. L. , Chang C. C. , Li J. B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn emergency tasks, cross‐agency operations being carried out in disaster‐hit areas require some supporting communication system for command and control. Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a very suitable way to meet such communication requirements since it can function without any pre‐installed communication infrastructure. Owing to potential threats in the field environment and the unique features of MANET (e.g. the open nature of wireless links and the absence of security infrastructure), security of communications over MANET is a serious issue that is typically addressed by asymmetric cryptographic mechanisms. In this paper, we tackle issues critical to asymmetric key management in MANET, which almost invariably serves as a basis of security services in a network environment. To address the deficiencies of existing key management schemes, we propose the concept of mission‐specific certificate to manage public keys in our scenario. For issuance and/or revocation of mission‐specific certificate, a Mission‐specific Certificate Authority (MCA), which consists of a collection of server nodes to operate the threshold cryptographic scheme, is proposed. Furthermore, to cater for the occurrence of network partitioning, which is common in highly dynamic MANET, we propose a partition‐tolerant mechanism for MCA by introducing the notion of auxiliary server nodes. We discuss the security and performance of our scheme and show that our approach is a secure and partition‐tolerant mechanism can effectively improve availability of the MCA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervical tuberculosis detection in Papanicolaou‐stained smear: Case report with review of literature
Authors: Gupta R. , Dey P. , Jain V. , Gupta N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGenital tract tuberculosis is usually secondary to an extragenital tubercular focus. Cervical tuberculosis, however, is rare accounting for up to 3% of all genital tract diseases. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is usually established on multiple cervical biopsies followed by bacteriological confirmation. There are only a handful of reports on the diagnosis of tubercular cervicitis in cervical smears. We hereby report a case of cervical tuberculosis which was diagnosed on cervical smear. We also carried out a brief literature review of the cases diagnosed previously on cervical smear. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Taurine supplementation enhances nutrient‐induced insulin secretion in pancreatic mice islets
Authors: Ribeiro Rosane A. , Bonfleur Maria L. , Amaral Andressa G. , Vanzela Emerielle C. , Rocco Silvana A. , Boschero Antonio C. , Carneiro Everardo M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundTaurine (TAU), a naturally occurring sulfur‐containing amino acid, is found at high concentrations in plasma and mammalian tissues and regulates osmolarity, ion channel activity, and glucose homeostasis. Several reports have shown that physiological plasma TAU levels seem to be important for adequate beta (β)‐cell function and insulin action, since low concentrations of TAU in the plasma have been reported in the pre‐diabetic and diabetic states.MethodsGlucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were investigated in mice supplemented with 2% (w/v) TAU in their drinking water for 30 days, as well as the insulin secretion from isolated islets stimulated by glucose or L‐leucine.ResultsTAU‐supplemented mice demonstrated improved glucose tolerance and higher insulin sensitivity, compared to controls (CTL). In addition, their islets secreted more insulin in response to high concentrations of glucose and L‐leucine. L‐[U‐14C]leucine oxidation was higher in TAU than in CTL islets, whereas D‐[U‐14C]glucose oxidation, ATP levels, glucose transporter (GLUT) 2 and glucokinase (GCK) protein expressions were similar in both types of islets. The L‐type β2 subunit voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ channel protein, as well as 45Ca uptake, were significantly higher in TAU‐supplemented than CTL islets. In addition, islets from TAU‐supplemented mice secreted more glucagon than CTL islets at low glucose.ConclusionsTAU supplementation improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice, as well as insulin secretion from isolated islets. The latter effect seems to be, at least in part, dependent on a better Ca2+ handling by the islets. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced glycation end products in diabetic patients with optimized glycaemic control and their effects on endothelial reactivity: possible implications in venous graft failure
Authors: Chello Massimo , Spadaccio Cristiano , Lusini Mario , Covino Elvio , Blarzino Carla , De Marco Federico , Di Domenico Fabio , Coccia Raffaella 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic patients exhibit an increased risk of saphenous graft occlusion after coronary bypass. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are ubiquitous signalling proteins that are associated with vascular and neurological complication of diabetes. The aim of this study is to verify whether AGE levels may promote endothelial cell alterations responsible for vein graft failure.MethodsSegments of saphenous vein were obtained from both normal people and diabetic patients (HbA1c < 6.0%) at the time of coronary surgery. Cultured endothelial cells were incubated in the absence/presence of AGEs (2 and 20 µM), and mRNA and protein for both receptor of AGEs (RAGE) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors‐γ (PPAR‐γ) were analysed by real‐time polymerised chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. In the same fashion, the cell release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated in the absence/presence of AGEs by spectrofluorimetric analysis. Finally, neutrophil‐endothelial adhesion was evaluated in saphenous vein segments with and without the addition of AGEs.ResultsAGEs activated in a dose‐dependent manner the expression of RAGE and inhibited PPAR‐γ expression in endothelial cells as testified by both reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) and Western blot analysis. Stimulation of cultured endothelial cells with AGEs significantly enhanced intracellular ROS formation in a dose‐dependent manner. Finally, neutrophil‐endothelial adhesion was significantly increased after incubation of control veins with AGEs.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that even in diabetic patients with HbA1c < 6.0%, elevated serum levels of AGE determine a sort of a pro‐thrombotic state, providing a common mechanism that could explain the increased rate of vein graft occlusion in this population. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extended‐release niacin decreases serum fetuin‐A concentrations in individuals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kaushik Shalini V. , Plaisance Eric P. , Kim Teayoun , Huang Edmond Y. , Mahurin A. Jack , Grandjean Peter W. , Mathews Suresh T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundFetuin‐A, a liver‐secreted phosphoprotein and physiological inhibitor of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. However, studies on the modulation of circulating levels of fetuin‐A are limited. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of niacin administration on serum total‐ and phosphorylated fetuin‐A (phosphofetuin‐A) concentrations in individuals with MetS and correlate with changes in serum lipids, insulin sensitivity, and markers of inflammation.MethodsFifteen sedentary, obese, male participants, who met the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria for MetS, were treated with extended‐release niacin (Niaspan) for 6 weeks. Blood samples were obtained before and after treatment with niacin.ResultsSerum fetuin‐A and phosphofetuin‐A concentrations were decreased following niacin administration (p < 0.005). Changes in fetuin‐A concentrations were correlated with changes in triglyceride (r = 0.62, p = 0.01) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (r = 0.58, p < 0.05) after niacin treatment. Changes in high‐density lipoproteins (HDL)‐cholesterol following niacin intervention were negatively correlated with changes in serum fetuin‐A (p < 0.05) and phosphofetuin‐A concentrations (p < 0.05). Serum cortisol levels were significantly elevated after niacin administration.ConclusionsNiacin treatment lowers serum total‐ and phosphofetuin‐A concentrations in individuals with MetS, and these changes correlate with the beneficial changes in serum lipids. Because niacin is known to induce insulin resistance, these findings suggest that fetuin‐A may not be a mediator of niacin‐induced insulin resistance but it may blunt the insulin resistance induced by niacin by decreasing its circulating concentrations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNAX accessory molecule‐1 (CD226) promotes human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lysis by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells
Authors: Toutirais Olivier , Cabillic Florian , Le Friec Gaëlle , Salot Samuel , Loyer Pascal , Le Gallo Matthieu , Desille Mireille , de La Pintière Cécile Thomas , Daniel Pascale , Bouet Françoise , Catros Véronique 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHuman Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes can be activated by nonpeptidic antigens such as the mevalonate pathway‐derived isopentenyl pyrophosphate or synthetic phosphoantigen such as bromohydrin pyrophosphate. They display a strong cytotoxic activity against several tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Little is known about the mechanisms underlying Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell recognition of tumor cells, but there is strong evidence that activating NK receptors play a role in γδ T‐cell cytotoxicity. In this study, we showed that the two NK receptors DNAX accessory molecule‐1 (DNAM‐1) and CD96 were expressed by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The ligands Nectin‐like‐5 specific of both DNAM‐1 and CD96, and also Nectin‐2, an additional ligand of DNAM‐1, were present on all HCC cell lines analyzed. Furthermore, we demonstrated by mAb‐mediated masking experiments that cytotoxicity against HCC cells as well as IFN‐γ production in γδ T cells were dependent on DNAM‐1. Our experiments indicated that Nectin‐like‐5 but not Nectin‐2 was involved in DNAM‐1‐dependent γδ T‐cell functions. We did not reveal a role for CD96 in the killing of HCC cells. Finally, we showed by combined mAb‐mediated blockade that DNAM‐1 and NKG2D could cooperate in the cell lysis of HCC.
Shine a light: Imaging the immune system
Authors: Sarris Milka , Betz Alexander G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIntra vital microscopy and whole‐body imaging promise to revolutionize how we study the immune system. They compel by the intrinsic beauty of the images obtained and the undeniable direct biological relevance of the observations. However, it is important to remember that in many cases, fundamental insights into the underlying biological processes have already been obtained using ex vivo reductionist approaches. Indeed, it is likely that with the advent of microfluidics, new and exciting avenues will open up for ex vivo experimentation. Here, we give a brief but comprehensive overview of the various imaging techniques available, their relative strengths and shortcomings and how these tools have been used to get us to where we are today. The challenge for the future will be to apply the most suitable technology and to integrate the findings across various imaging disciplines to build a unified, comprehensive “big picture” of the immune system.
Clonal dissection of the human memory B‐cell repertoire following infection and vaccination
Authors: Pinna Debora , Corti Davide , Jarrossay David , Sallusto Federica , Lanzavecchia Antonio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe analysis of the human memory B‐cell repertoire is of both fundamental and practical significance. We developed a simple method for the selective activation of memory B cells in total fresh or frozen PBMC using a combination of R848 and IL‐2. In these conditions, 30–40% of memory B cells generated clones producing on average 200 ng IgG in 10 days. This method was used to measure the frequency of antigen‐specific memory B cells as well as the fine specificity, cross‐reactivity and neutralizing activity of the secreted antibodies. Following influenza vaccination, specific B cells expanded dramatically, reaching up to 50% of total clonable memory B cells on day 14. Specific B‐cell expansions were detected also in individuals that did not show a significant serological response. Dynamic changes and persistence of B cells specific for a variety of pathogens were documented in serial PBMC samples collected over almost two decades. These results reveal novel aspects of memory B‐cell kinetics and provide a powerful tool to monitor immune responses following infection and vaccination.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 5/09
Authors: Scaldaferri Franco , Sans Miquel , Vetrano Stefania , Correale Carmen , Arena Vincenzo , Pagano Nico , Rando Giacomo , Romeo Fabio , Potenza Angelo E. , Repici Alessandro , Malesci Alberto , Danese Silvio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cover image depicts human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells stained for ICAM‐1 after in vitro stimulation with the pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α. The image was taken from a recently‐published article by Scaldaferri et al. (Eur. J. Immunol. 2009. 39: 290–300), in which the authors demonstrate that stimulation with TNF‐α up‐regulates ICAM‐1 expression in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells leading to increased recruitment of lymphocytes in the gut, a key pathogenic event in inflammatory bowel disease.
Structure, Spectral and Magnetic Properties of 3‐(p‐Pyridyl)‐1,5‐diphenylverdazyl (p‐PyV) and the Binuclear Copper(II) Radical Complex [Cu2(OCOCH3)4(p‐PyV)2]
Authors: Yakovenko Anastasiya V. , Kolotilov Sergey V. , Cador Olivier , Golhen Stéphane , Ouahab Lahcène , Pavlishchuk Vitaly V. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract3‐(p‐Pyridyl)‐1,5‐diphenylverdazyl (p‐PyV) and its binuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2(OCOCH3)4(p‐PyV)2] have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The magnetic behavior of a single crystal of p‐PyV and [Cu2(OCOCH3)4(p‐PyV)2] have been studied by magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 2–300 K and by ESR spectroscopy. Data fitting for p‐PyV using the singlet‐triplet equilibrium model revealed the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions in the radical crystal lattice. The exchange interactions between the copper(II) ion and p‐PyV in Cu2(OCOCH3)4(p‐PyV)2 were found to be negligibly small compared to the strong intramolecular copper–copper antiferromagnetic interaction. Intermolecular antiferromagnetic coupling between p‐PyV molecules was detected in the crystal lattice of complex.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Structural Effects in Radical Clocks and Mechanisms of Grignard Reagent Formation: Special Effect of a Phenyl Substituent in a Radical Clock when the Crossroads of Selectivity is at a Metal/Solution Interface
Authors: Hazimeh Hassan , Mattalia Jean‐Marc , Marchi‐Delapierre Caroline , Kanoufi Frédéric , Combellas Catherine , Chanon Michel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA large class of radical clocks is based on the intramolecular trapping of a reactive radical by a suitably located unsaturated system. Depending on the substituents present on this unsaturated system, the rate of cyclisation may vary drastically. This property has been repeatedly used to diagnose the participation of very short‐lived radicals in the mechanisms of a wide variety of reactions. For reactions occurring in homogeneous solution, a phenyl substituent capable of stabilizing the radical formed during the act of trapping has been one of the most widely used tools of this type. During study of the mechanisms of formation of Grignard reagents – reactions that occur at the interface of the metal and the solution – the phenyl substituent displayed a specific new behaviour pattern. Besides its stabilizing role, it was also able to play the role of mediator in redox catalysis of electron transfer. In this case, the first events on the pathway to the Grignard reagents involve a cascade of three (one intermolecular followed by two intramolecular) electron transfers. Introduction of a p‐methoxy substituent on the phenyl ring, making the phenyl group a poorer electron acceptor, suppresses this specific second role. Applied to the mechanism of Grignard reagent formation, this p‐methoxy effect is consistent with a triggering mechanistic act of electron transfer from the metal to the aryl halide rather than with a concerted oxidative addition. A similar change in selectivity is observed when a p‐methoxy group is introduced onto a phenyl group that also bears a halogen, but its origin is different: this effect is associated with the shortening of the lifetime of the radical anion formed by the triggering electron transfer. These observations reemphasise our earlier proposals to use concepts originating from electrochemical kinetics to explain the selectivities of reactions occurring at metal/solution interfaces. This conjecture could possibly hold for any interface where the diffusion of reactive species plays a role in the settling of selectivity. These concepts emphasise the necessity to consider, for each reactive species, their average distance of diffusion away from the metal/solution interface.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)