bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Southern Steelhead, Hard Woody Debris, and Temperature in a California Central Coast Watershed
Authors: Thompson Lisa C. , Voss Jenna L. , Larsen Royce E. , Tietje William D. , Cooper Ryan A. , Moyle Peter B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe surveyed large wood volumes in relation to the distribution and density of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) in 15 stream reaches in the upper Salinas River watershed, California, which represents the southern end of the species’ range. The main tree species contributing to large wood were hardwoods: coast live oak Quercus agrifolia, California sycamore Platanus racemosa, red willow Salix laevigata, and valley oak Q. lobata. Large wood jams were important in pool formation and typically had red willow as their key pieces. Temperatures were exceptionally warm during the study period. No steelhead were observed at sites where the mean water temperature exceeded 21.5°C or the maximum water temperature exceeded 26°C. The combined importance of high temperatures and large wood on the distribution and abundance of southern steelhead indicates that suitable habitat may be reduced if climate change continues on its present course of warming and the frequency of fires increases.
Internal social processes of discipline formation: The case of kinanthropometry
Authors: Vangrunderbeek Hans , Claessens Albrecht L. , Delheye Pascal 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn 1972, the term ‘kinanthropometry’, derived from the Greek words ‘kinein’ (to move), ‘anthropos’ (human) and ‘metrein’ (to measure), was launched in the international, Francophone journal Kinanthropologie by the Canadian William Ross and the Belgians, Marcel Hebbelinck, Bart Van Gheluwe and Marie‐Louise Lemmens. The authors defined this neologism as ‘the scientific discipline for the study of the size, shape, proportion, scope and composition of the human being and its gross motor functions’. Presenting a theoretical framework for the analysis of the internal social processes of discipline formation – derived from the social history‐of‐science tradition – this article critically examines whether kinanthropometry was indeed promoted and developed by its community members as a scientific discipline. Therefore, the focus will be on its conceptualisation and positioning within the field of kinanthropology/kinesiology and on its development by a scholarly association, i.e. the International Working Group on Kinanthropometry (IWGK). The strong emphasis of the kinanthropometry community on the standardisation of measurement techniques and its practical and professional application hampered its disciplinary development. Findings of this study could serve as a basis for future ‘fundamental’ investigations addressing questions of disciplinary development within the field(s) of physical education, kinesiology and sport science(s).
Cyclists and triathletes have different body positions on the bicycle
Authors: Bini Rodrigo Rico , Hume Patria A. , Croft James 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOur study evaluated differences in body position on the bicycle for recreational cyclists, competitive cyclists and triathletes. Thirty‐six recreational cyclists, 17 competitive road cyclists and 18 competitive triathletes were assessed for body position on their bicycles on a cycle trainer. Images were taken of cyclists/triathletes in static poses with the crank at the 3 o'clock and 6 o'clock positions. Trunk, pelvis, hip, knee and ankle angles, anterior–posterior and medio‐lateral positions of the knees in relation to the pedal axis and frontal projected area were measured using ImageJ. Comparison of body position between groups (recreational, competitive road cyclists and competitive triathletes) was conducted using effects sizes (ES). The greatest differences between groups in the measured variables were observed between the triathletes and the other two groups. Smaller differences were observed between competitive and recreational cyclists. Competitive triathletes had greater body forward projection (10% greater trunk flexion and 66% knee anterior position, ES = 2.5 and 1.2, respectively) and less frontal projected area (17%, ES = 1.3) than competitive road cyclists for body position on the bicycle. Both recreational and competitive cyclists sat on their bicycles with their trunks in a more vertical position compared to triathletes. Guidelines for bicycle configuration for triathletes and road cyclists need to consider the body positions during events.
Survival, growth and reproduction of Daphnia galeata feeding on single and mixed Pseudomonas and Rhodomonas diets
Authors: WENZEL ANJA , BERGSTRÖM ANN‐KRISTIN , JANSSON MATS , VREDE TOBIAS 
Published: March 2012

Summary1. Bacteria can be an important resource for zooplankton production in aquatic food webs, although the degree to which bacteria sustain zooplankton growth and reproduction is not clear. We performed a growth experiment with Daphnia galeata feeding on different ratios of P‐replete Pseudomonas and Rhodomonas, ranging from a 100% bacterial to a 100% algal diet.2. A pure bacterial diet did not support survival, growth or reproduction of D. galeata. While a 20% share of Rhodomonas in the food allowed survival of daphniids, the occurrence of offspring on a 50% algal diet indicated that the threshold for successful reproduction was between those two proportions of algal food. Increasing the proportion of the alga further increased growth and reproductive output, indicating that Rhodomonas was a higher‐quality food than Pseudomonas.3. A subsequent labelling experiment demonstrated that D. galeata incorporated phosphorus from Pseudomonas and Rhodomonas with similar efficiency, whereas carbon was incorporated more efficiently from Pseudomonas than from Rhodomonas.4. we hypothesise that inadequate levels of essential biochemicals in pure bacterial diets led to decreased Daphnia performance. Concentrations of fatty acids in general, and especially of polyunsaturated fatty acids, were much lower in Pseudomonas than in Rhodomonas. This difference could explain the different growth and reproduction responses, although limitation by other essential biochemicals (e.g. sterols) cannot be ruled out.5. Hence, where they dominate, bacteria may provide a significant part of the elemental flux to species feeding higher in the food web on the short term. However, the performance of consumers may be constrained by essential biochemicals.
Learning technology: Theorising the tools we study
Authors: Oliver Martin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper identifies a significant gap in existing work within the field of educational technology—the failure to explain technology theoretically—and proposes an agenda for addressing this. While there are discussions of theory within educational technology research, these typically focus on learning. Technology itself is seldom considered, being treated instead as “natural” or given. This is in marked contrast to other fields of study, in which robust theories of technology have been developed. The consequence of this is that technology is treated as if it will cause learning—and when it does not, there is no clear explanation of why. To advance this discussion, two traditions of work theorising technology are introduced—one positivistic, including work on affordance, and the other (largely unrepresented in educational technology) that provides a social account. An example of each is used to analyse a case study, so as to contrast the kind of claims that currently get made about technology with those that we could make. It is argued that adopting a social account of technology would enable richer, better‐integrated claims to be made about technology use.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic
Technology is a central concern of research in the field, but it is not clear how we should think about this term.
While work in the field some decades ago tried to conceptualise technology, it is now treated as a taken‐for‐granted category.
What this paper adds
Systematic evidence is provided that we rely on a “common sense” understanding of technology.
The idea of technology is explicitly debated in other fields of study, and two of those traditions are reviewed here.
An example is provided that illustrates that these other conceptions of technology can provide richer accounts of empirical work than those currently dominant in the field.
Implications for practice and/or policy
We cannot assume that technology will simply have “effects” on people.
Alternative accounts of technology provide richer explanations of technology use, and would benefit the field.
A knowledge engineering approach to developing educational computer games for improving students' differentiating knowledge
Authors: Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Sung Han‐Yu , Hung Chun‐Ming , Yang Li‐Hsueh , Huang Iwen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEducational computer games have been recognized as being a promising approach for motivating students to learn. Nevertheless, previous studies have shown that without proper learning strategies or supportive models, the learning achievement of students might not be as good as expected. In this study, a knowledge engineering approach is proposed for developing educational computer games to help students learn about the knowledge for differentiating a set of learning targets in an interesting and meaningful way. Based on the proposed approach, an educational computer game has been developed for an elementary school natural science course. The experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improved the students' learning achievement as well as their learning attitude and motivation.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic
Educational computer games have been recognized as being an important instructional strategy for promoting learning motivation of the learners.
Educational computer games have great potential in helping learners acquire abilities and construct knowledge.
Knowledge engineering methods have been recognized as being an effective approach for helping people organize knowledge of specific domains.
The process of organizing the derived knowledge enables learners to make explicit their own interpretations and reasoning, and hence engages them in higher‐order thinking.
What this paper adds
Proposing a knowledge engineering approach for developing educational computer games to help students learn about the knowledge for differentiating a set of learning targets.
Investigating whether the students who learn with the educational computer game have better learning achievements and attitudes than those who learn with the conventional information technology‐applied approach.
Investigating the feelings of the students about using the educational computer game in terms of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness.
Implications for practice and/or policy
The educational computer games developed with the knowledge engineering approach not only promoted the learning attitudes of the students, but also improved their learning achievements.
Educational computer games are able to create enjoyable and realistic learning environments for learners to acquire abilities and establish their knowledge in the process of playing games.
It is worth investigating more research issues concerning the effects of educational computer games from different aspects, such as students' learning styles or cognitive styles.
It is important to develop educational computer games by taking pedagogical theories or instructional strategies into account.
Measuring the Business Impacts of Community Involvement: The Case of Employee Volunteering at UL
Authors: VELEVA VESELA , PARKER SHOSHANA , LEE ALLISON , PINNEY CHRIS 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe study presents findings from piloting a new framework for measuring the business impacts of corporate community involvement at UL. It focuses on evaluating the human resource (HR) outcomes of employee volunteering in three signature programs. Five business impacts were measured—job satisfaction, morale, organizational pride, belief in UL mission, and engagement. Using an employee survey, the research team compared signature program volunteers with others and found a positive correlation between volunteering and impacts on morale, organizational pride, belief in UL mission, and engagement. Employee awareness (without participation) of UL signature programs was also associated with increased morale and organizational pride. While the study did not prove causation, it confirmed previous research on the link between employee volunteering and positive HR outcomes. The authors provide recommendations for further research and how companies can use the impact measurement framework to evaluate the bottom‐line benefits of their community involvement programs.
We Are the Corporation: Dispersive CSR
Authors: LUDESCHER JESSICA CHRISTIE , MAHSUD RUBINÁ , PRUSSIA GREGORY E. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWe contend that the current trend of emphasis on corporate social responsibility (CSR) serves to divert the public's attention from the real ethical issues facing business and society. We extend the scope of social responsibility beyond business corporations to include a range of institutions. We also propose that CSRs be reconceptualized in terms of the ways that managers enable stakeholders to hold themselves and each other responsible for the ways their actions affect each other as they conduct business through the firm.In this article, we propose a new view of corporations and responsibility that reconstrues behavior currently referred to as CSR. Starting with an overview of theories of the firm, we show that the way in which a firm is conceived yields different views on CSR. A shortcoming of the theory of the firm approach to CSR is that it leads us to focus excessively on business corporations at the expense of a broader analysis of other institutional players. These theories also tend to emphasize the obligations of corporations to people rather than of people to each other. We propose that social responsibility be viewed through a systems theory paradigm instead. We then argue that corporations should be construed in terms of the people who impact them. We advance a different conception of business responsibility that is more comprehensive, inclusive, and systemic.
Right Intercostal Insertion of a Veress Needle for Laparoscopy in Dogs
Authors: Fiorbianco Valentina , Skalicky Monika , Doerner Judith , Findik Murat , Dupré Gilles 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate right intercostal Veress needle (VN) insertion for laparoscopy in dogs.Study DesignLongitudinal cohort study.AnimalsFemale dogs (n = 56).MethodsThe VN was inserted in the last palpable right intercostal space, either 1/3 (Group T; 28 dogs) or mid distance (Group H; 28 dogs) from the xiphoid cartilage to the most caudal extent of the costal arch. Problems encountered during VN insertion and injuries were recorded, graded, and compared between groups, and also between the first and last 20 insertions.ResultsPneumoperitoneum was successfully achieved by VN insertion in 49 (88%) dogs after a single (45 dogs) or 2nd attempt (4 dogs). Frequency of complications was as follows: 20 grade 1 (subcutaneous emphysema, omentum, or falciform injuries); 6 grade 2 (liver or spleen injury), and 1 grade 3 complication (pneumothorax occurred). No significant difference was found between the 2 groups or between the first and last 20 dogs.ConclusionsRight intercostal VN insertion facilitates pneumoperitoneum in dogs with few consequential complications. No significant difference was found between entry sites; however, the mid distance insertion site in the last palpable intercostal space with dog positioned in dorsal recumbency is likely to result in less complications.
Flight call rates of migrating thrushes: effects of wind conditions, humidity and time of day at an illuminated offshore platform
Authors: Hüppop Ommo , Hilgerloh Gudrun 
Published: March 2012

Many bird species call during migration, but call rates not necessarily reflect migration intensity. They rather seem to increase under deteriorating flight conditions. Often, nocturnal mass collisions at illuminated structures coincide with such conditions and are accompanied with high call rates of migrants. Thus, call rates could act as an indicator for situations with high collision risk for birds namely at offshore sites with hardly any alternatives for landing. In the face of increasing numbers of offshore wind farms knowledge about the environmental conditions in which maximum call rates occur, is needed for mitigation measures.In this first long‐term study at an offshore site in the southern North Sea we investigated the effect of weather on the frequency of flight calls of three thrush‐species at an illuminated platform. Flight calls were registered automatically during three autumn migration seasons. Besides generally higher call rates from 5 to 2 h before until 6 h after midnight, call rates increased with tailwinds, a change of the tailwind component during the first part of the night, offshore crosswinds and very high humidity.A monitoring programme is suggested that could help to reduce mass mortalities at illuminated structures.
Quality of reporting of clinical studies to assess and compare performance of implant‐supported restorations
Authors: Pjetursson Bjarni E. , Zwahlen Marcel , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this analysis was to assess and compare the 5‐ and 10‐year survival of different types of tooth‐supported and implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and single crowns (SCs), and to describe the incidence of biological and technical complications with emphasis on quality of reporting.Material and MethodsThe analysis was based on six systematic review identifying prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case‐series on FDPs and SCs with a mean follow‐up time of at least 5 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow‐up visit. Failure and complication rates were analysed using random‐effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5‐ and 10‐year survival proportions.ResultsMeta‐analyses of the included studies indicated that the 5‐year survival rates ranged from 89.2% to 95.5% for different types of restorations. Investigating the relative failure rates using implant‐supported SCs as reference, conventional and cantilever tooth‐supported FDPs and resin‐bonded prosthesis (RBPs) showed higher failure rates. Moreover, for RBPs, this difference reached statistical significance (p = 0.018).Analysing the studies with 10 years follow‐up time, the survival ranged from 65% to 89.4%. After a 10‐year observation period, the lowest annual failure rates were seen for implant‐supported SCs (1.12%), conventional tooth‐supported FDPs (1.14%) and implant‐supported FDPs (1.43%). Cantilever tooth‐supported FDPs, combined tooth–implant‐supported FDPs and RBPs had significantly (p < 0.001) higher annual failure rates of 2.20%, 2.51% and 4.31%, respectively. According to presently recommended standards for reporting cohort studies (STROBE Statement), it was evident that the included studies did not fulfil the present standards to a great extent. Information on study design, methods of selecting study participants, percentage and reason for participants lost to follow‐up was often not reported. Furthermore, the included studies rarely discussed possible limitations and potential sources of bias. Moreover, funding sources were generally not reported.ConclusionBased on the present analysis treatment planning in a mutilated dentition in need of oral reconstructions should base on the results of the systematic reviews performed. In this context, the choice of reconstructions on teeth with end abutments, of reconstructions on implants (both FDPs and SCs) should be given first priority, while combined tooth–implant‐supported reconstructions, cantilever reconstructions on teeth and RBPs represent options of second priority.Future studies on performance of implant‐supported restorations should be prospective in design and should follow the present recommendation for reporting cohort studies (The STROBE statement).
Clinical research of peri‐implant diseases – quality of reporting, case definitions and methods to study incidence, prevalence and risk factors of peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Tomasi Cristiano , Derks Jan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimTo review the quality of reporting and the methodology of clinical research on the incidence, prevalence and risk factors of peri‐implant diseases.MethodsA MEDLINE search was conducted for cross‐sectional, case‐control and prospective longitudinal studies reporting on peri‐implant diseases. To evaluate the quality of reporting of the selected studies the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist was utilized.ResultsThe search provided 306 titles and abstracts, out of which 40 were selected for full‐text analysis. Finally, 16 studies were included out of which five assessed prevalence and only two the incidence of peri‐implant diseases. 13 articles studied risk indicators for peri‐implant diseases. None of the scrutinized articles adhered fully to the STROBE criteria. The large majority of articles did not (i) clearly state the applied study design, (ii) describe any effort to address potential sources of bias, (iii) explain how missing data were addressed, (iv) perform any kind of sensitivity analysis, (v) indicate the number of participants with missing data for each variable of interest.ConclusionCollectively, the findings of this review indicate a need for improved reporting of epidemiological studies on peri‐implant diseases.
Systematic review of quality of reporting, outcome measurements and methods to study efficacy of preventive and therapeutic approaches to peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Figuero Elena , Herrera David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimTo systematically review the literature and to assess the quality of reporting, outcome measurements and methods in both preventive and therapeutic approaches to peri‐implant mucositis (PM) and peri‐implantitis (PI).Materials and MethodsRandomized (RCT) and Controlled Clinical Trials (CCT), evaluating preventive or therapeutic interventions in patients with PM or PI, were identified through searching in electronic databases and in relevant journals. Reporting and methods were evaluated through an analysis of the risk of biases and quality score. Sub‐analysis was performed in four subgroups: prevention of PM and PI, treatment of PM, and non‐surgical and surgical treatment of PI.ResultsThirty‐two trials (29 RCT) were identified as accomplishing inclusion criteria after full‐text reading. Seven focused on prevention, and among those dealing with therapy, six were related to PM and 19 related to PI therapy (10 non‐surgical and 9 surgical). Analysis found that quality of reporting and methods was generally low and surrogate outcomes were often chosen.ConclusionsCurrent literature on PM and PI prevention and treatment does not allow extracting applicable clinical information. Quality of methods and reporting guidelines should be encouraged. In particular, ad hoc guidelines should be designed for peri‐implant diseases.