bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un autre ordre du temps. Pour une intensité variable du maintenant
Authors: Garcia Tristan 
Published: December 2011

Résumé Ni le présentisme, ni l’éternalisme ne peuvent rendre compte de l’ensemble des modalités du temps. La théorie dite du « Growing Block Universe », qui nie la réalité du futur mais concède le même degré de réalité au passé qu’au présent, n’est pas non plus entièrement satisfaisante. Nous proposons donc de distinguer des intensités de présence : l’avenir a une absence maximale et le présent une présence maximale. Il en résulte que, à mesure que le temps passe, nous nous éloignons de l’avenir.
Relevance of the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway in the Metabolism of Activated Macrophages: A Metabolomic Approach
Authors: Través Paqui G. , de Atauri Pedro , Marín Silvia , Pimentel-Santillana María , Rodríguez-Prados Juan-Carlos , Marín de Mas Igor , Selivanov Vitaly A. , Martín-Sanz Paloma , Boscá Lisardo , Cascante Marta 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The activation of immune cells in response to a pathogen involves a succession of signaling events leading to gene and protein expression, which requires metabolic changes to match the energy demands. The metabolic profile associated with the MAPK cascade (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) in macrophages was studied, and the effect of its inhibition on the specific metabolic pattern of LPS stimulation was characterized. A [1,2-[13C]2]glucose tracer-based metabolomic approach was used to examine the metabolic flux distribution in these cells after MEK/ERK inhibition. Bioinformatic tools were used to analyze changes in mass isotopomer distribution and changes in glucose and glutamine consumption and lactate production in basal and LPS-stimulated conditions in the presence and absence of the selective inhibitor of the MEK/ERK cascade, PD325901. Results showed that PD325901-mediated ERK1/2 inhibition significantly decreased glucose consumption and lactate production but did not affect glutamine consumption. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the glycolytic flux, consistent with the observed decrease in fructose-2,6-bisphosphate concentration. The oxidative and nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathways and the ratio between them also decreased. However, tricarboxylic acid cycle flux did not change significantly. LPS activation led to the opposite responses, although all of these were suppressed by PD325901. However, LPS also induced a small decrease in pentose phosphate pathway fluxes and an increase in glutamine consumption that were not affected by PD325901. We concluded that inhibition of the MEK/ERK cascade interferes with central metabolism, and this cross-talk between signal transduction and metabolism also occurs in the presence of LPS.
The Pan-B Cell Marker CD22 Is Expressed on Gastrointestinal Eosinophils and Negatively Regulates Tissue Eosinophilia
Authors: Wen Ting , Mingler Melissa K. , Blanchard Carine , Wahl Benjamin , Pabst Oliver , Rothenberg Marc E. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
CD22 is currently recognized as a B cell-specific Siglec and has been exploited therapeutically with humanized anti-CD22 mAb having been used against B cell leukemia. In this study, tissue-specific eosinophil mRNA microarray analysis identified that CD22 transcript levels of murine gastrointestinal (GI) eosinophils are 10-fold higher than those of lung eosinophils. To confirm the mRNA data at the protein level, we developed a FACS-based protocol designed to phenotype live GI eosinophils isolated from the murine lamina propria. Indeed, we found that jejunum eosinophils expressed remarkably high levels of surface CD22, similar to levels found in B cells across multiple mouse strains. In contrast, CD22 was undetectable on eosinophils from the colon, blood, thymus, spleen, uterus, peritoneal cavity, and allergen-challenged lung. Eosinophils isolated from newborn mice did not express CD22 but subsequently upregulated CD22 expression to adult levels within the first 10 d after birth. The GI lamina propria from CD22 gene-targeted mice harbored more eosinophils than wild type control mice, whereas the GI eosinophil turnover rate was unaltered in the absence of CD22. Our findings identify a novel expression pattern and tissue eosinophilia-regulating function for the “B cell-specific” inhibitory molecule CD22 on GI eosinophils.
Systematic controllability analysis for chemical processes
Authors: Yuan Zhihong , Zhang Nan , Chen Bingzhen , Zhao Jinsong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractModern chemical industrial processes are becoming more and more integrated and consist of multiple interconnected nonlinear process units. These strong interactions profoundly complicate a system's inherent properties and further alter the plant‐wide process dynamics. This may lead to a poor control performance and cause plant‐wide operability problems. To ensure entire processes run robustly and safely, with considerable profitability, it is crucial to recognize the inherent characteristics that can jeopardize controllability and process behavior at the early design stage. With a focus on inherently safer designs, from a plant‐wide perspective, a systematic method for chemical processes controllability analysis is addressed in this study. In the proposed framework, based on open‐loop stability/instability and minimum/nonminimum‐phase behavior, the entire operating zone of the process can be categorized into distinct subregions with different inherent properties. Variations in the inherent characteristics of a plant‐wide process with the operation and design conditions, over the feasible operation region, can be probed and analyzed. An attempt of this framework is made to illustrate how to clarify the roots of the poor controllability that arise in the design and operation of a large scale chemical process, and the results can provide guidance for both deciding the optimal operation conditions and selecting the most suitable control structure. Singularity theory is also applied in the framework to improve the computational efficiency. The framework is illustrated with two case studies. One involves a reactor‐external heat exchanger network and the other a more complex plant‐wide process, comprising a reactor, an extractor, and a distillation column. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3096–3109, 2012
Breakup dynamics of slender bubbles in non‐newtonian fluids in microfluidic flow‐focusing devices
Authors: Fu Taotao , Ma Youguang , Funfschilling Denis , Zhu Chunying , Li Huai Z. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the breakup of slender bubbles in non‐Newtonian fluids in microfluidic flow‐focusing devices using a high‐speed camera and a microparticle image velocimetry (micro‐PIV) system. Experiments were conducted in 400‐ and 600‐μm square microchannels. The variation of the minimum width of gaseous thread with the remaining time before pinch‐off could be scaled as a power‐law relationship with an exponent less than 1/3, obtained for the pinch‐off of bubbles in Newtonian fluids. The velocity field and spatial viscosity distribution in the liquid phase around the gaseous thread were determined by micro‐PIV to understand the bubble breakup mechanism. A scaling law was proposed to describe the size of bubbles generated in these non‐Newtonian fluids at microscale. The results revealed that the rheological properties of the continuous phase affect significantly the bubble breakup in such microdevices. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J,, 2012
Poly(ester)s and poly(amide)s with fluorene and diphenyl‐silane units in the main chain: Effects of iodine doping on the structure and electrical conductivity
Authors: Henríquez Carmen M. González , Tagle Luis H. , Terraza Claudio A. , González Andrés Barriga , Cabrera A. L. , Volkmann Ulrich G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntramolecular charge transfer interaction between the electron donor and electro acceptor units within the polymeric structure and its optoelectronic properties were studied. The monomer, 9H‐fluorene‐2,7‐dicarboxylic acid, was prepared from 9H‐fluorene‐2,7‐dicarbonitrile using CuCN/N,N‐dimethylformamide followed by the decomposition of the complex with FeCl3x6H2O in HCl and KOH/H2O. The formation of two new classes of polymers was reported at different reaction times. The poly(ester) (PEF) was synthesized by the reaction of the diacid monomer with bis(4‐hydroxiphenyl)diphenylsilane using tosyl chloride/pyridine/dimethylformamide system as condensing agent. Alternatively, the poly(amide) (PAF) was synthesized by the direct polycondensation of the diacid monomer and bis(4‐aminophenyl)diphenylsilane in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidine solution containing dissolved calcium chloride. The resulting new polymers were obtained in good yields and were characterized by FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C, and 29Si), ESI, Raman, UV (optical gap) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The thermal properties were characterized by DSC and TGA. The electrical conductivity of the polymers was measured before and after exposure to iodine vapor, utilizing films of different thickness. Ellipsometric studies were used for the determination of the film thickness. Morphological differentiation was carried out by SEM‐EDX analysis. Oxidation of the polymer films of low thickness decreased their conductivities, mainly due to the small structural changes. For a polymeric sample with a higher thickness, the doping process slightly increased the conductivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Structure and properties of graft copolymer of starch and resorcinol synthesized using HRP
Authors: Lv Shenghua , Gong Rui , Yan Xiaoliang , Hou Mingming , Zhang Guoyun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA modified starch tannage was synthesized by radical copolymerization of degraded starch and resorcinol (RC) using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2 as an initiator. The effects of the degradation degree, system pH value, reaction temperature on the copolymerization, and tanning properties of the graft copolymer used in leather processing were investigated. The application results showed that the graft copolymer has excellent tanning properties. The shrinkage temperature (Ts) of the tanned leather reached 85.4°C, and the thickness increment ratio of the retanned leather was 23.1%. The tanning effects were significantly improved with RC modification compared with the graft copolymer of starch and vinyl monomers. The results indicated that the graft copolymer of starch and RC may be a replacement for toxic chrome and aldehyde tannage. The structure of the graft copolymer was characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, GPC, and UV. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Toughening of epoxy resins by modified m‐phenylene diamine having soft ether chain
Authors: Lou Chunhua , Xianzhi Kong , Jianxin Wang , Liqun Ma 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new soften curing agent for toughening epoxy resins was synthesized by m‐phenylene diamine modified with epoxypropyl butyl ether. The curing processes of epoxy resin/modified m‐phenylene diamine were traced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), then kinetic parameters, ΔE and n, were deduced. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the longer the reaction time was, the smaller the absorption peaks of epoxy group were. The results of the mechanical properties demonstrated that the impact property of the epoxy resin cured by modified m‐phenylene diamine at the moderate temperature was better than that of cured by unmodified one because of the introduction of soft ether chain. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
From Nonlinear to Fuzzy Approaches in Trajectory Tracking Control of Wheeled Mobile Robots
Authors: Keighobadi Jafar , Menhaj Mohammad B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, two knowledge based controllers are proposed to overcome the difficulties of a computed torque nonlinear controller (NC) in perfect trajectory tracking of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots (WMRs). First, the effects of different dynamic models developed in angular and Cartesian coordinate systems are fully examined on the persistent excitation condition and consequently on the trajectory tracking performance of WMRs. Using the dynamic model coordinated in the Cartesian frame as the base of the NC results in perfect compensation of large position off‐tracks and unbiased estimation of the plant's unknown parameters. However, using the WMR's dynamic model with rotation angles of driving wheels as the base of nonlinear and fuzzy controllers leads to accurate orientation tracking. Through replacing the proportional and differential terms of the NC by fuzzy functions, a fuzzy nonlinear controller (FNC) is generated. Due to the complicated dynamics of the WMR in which the center of mass does not coincide with the center of rotation, the expert knowledge of fuzzy controllers is extracted considering the rotation angles and rates of driving wheels as input variables. Fuzzy tuning of the NC results in a superior tracking performance against measurement noises, though the control torques are decreased and smoothed significantly. Second, a complete fuzzy controller (FC) is generated to make perfect tracking of the WMR's position and orientation. The local stability analysis of fuzzy controllers is examined considering the corresponding analytical structures as nonlinear controllers. The superior performances of the proposed fuzzy controllers compared to those of the NCs are evaluated through simulations.
Maternal exposure to magnetic fields from high‐voltage power lines and the risk of birth defects
Authors: Malagoli Carlotta , Crespi Catherine M. , Rodolfi Rossella , Signorelli Carlo , Poli Maurizio , Zanichelli Paolo , Fabbi Sara , Teggi Sergio , Garavelli Livia , Astolfi Gianni , Calzolari Elisa , Lucenti Carlo , Vinceti Marco 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe issue of adverse human health effects due to exposure to electromagnetic fields is still unclear, and congenital anomalies are among the outcomes that have been inconsistently associated with such exposure. We conducted a population‐based, case–control study to examine the risk of congenital anomalies associated with maternal exposure to magnetic fields (MF) from high‐voltage power lines during pregnancy in a community in northern Italy. We identified 228 cases of congenital malformations diagnosed in live births, stillbirths, and induced abortions among women living in the municipality of Reggio Emilia during the period 1998–2006, and a reference group of healthy newborns was matched for year of birth, maternal age, and hospital of birth. We identified maternal residence during early pregnancy and used Geographic Information System to determine whether the residences were within geocoded corridors with MF ≥0.1 µT near high‐voltage power lines, then calculated the relative risk (RR) of congenital anomalies associated with maternal exposure. One case and 5 control mothers were classified as exposed, and the RR associated with MF ≥0.1 µT was 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0–2.0) after adjusting for maternal education. While small or moderate effects may have gone undetected due to low statistical power, the results of this study overall do not provide support for major effects of a teratogenic risk due to exposure to MF during early pregnancy. Bioelectromagnetics 33:405–409, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trauma alarmins as activators of damage-induced inflammation
Authors: Manson J , Thiemermann C , Brohi K 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundA systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is frequently observed after traumatic injury. The response is sterile and the activating stimulus is tissue damage. Endogenous molecules, called alarmins, are reputed to be released by injured tissues but the precise identity of these mediators is unclear. This review summarizes current preclinical and clinical evidence for trauma alarmins and their role in innate immune activation.MethodsA comprehensive literature review of putative alarmins in tissue damage after traumatic injury was conducted.ResultsThe presence of SIRS at admission is an independent predictor of mortality after trauma. The primary initiators of the human immune response are unclear. Several endogenous substances display alarmin characteristics in vitro. Preclinical studies demonstrate that blockade of certain endogenous substances can reduce adverse clinical sequelae after traumatic injury. Human evidence for trauma alarmins is extremely limited.ConclusionThe magnitude of acute inflammation is predictive of outcome after trauma, suggesting that an early opportunity for immune modulation may exist. An understanding of the mechanisms of innate immune activation following trauma may lead to new therapeutic agents and improved patient survival.
Translational barriers and opportunities for emergency preservation and resuscitation in severe injuries
Authors: Alam H B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundHypothermia is commonly used for organ and tissue preservation in multiple clinical settings, but its role in the management of injured patients remains controversial. There is no doubt that temperature modulation is a powerful tool, and hypothermia has been shown to protect cells during ischaemia and reperfusion, decrease organ damage and improve survival. Yet hypothermia is a double-edged sword: unless carefully managed, its induction can be associated with a number of complications.MethodsA literature review was performed to include important papers that address the impact of hypothermia on key biological processes, and explore the potential therapeutic role of hypothermia in trauma/haemorrhage models.ResultsNo clinical studies have been conducted to test the therapeutic benefits of hypothermia in injured patients. However, numerous well designed animal studies support this concept. Despite excellent preclinical data, there are several potential barriers to translating hypothermia into clinical practice.ConclusionTherapeutic hypothermia is a promising life-saving strategy. Appropriate patient selection requires a thorough understanding of how temperature modulation affects various biological mechanisms.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of immediate total-body computed tomography compared with selective radiological imaging of injured patients
Authors: Sierink J C , Saltzherr T P , Reitsma J B , Van Delden O M , Luitse J S K , Goslings J C 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
The aim of this review was to assess the value of immediate total-body computed tomography (CT) during the primary survey of injured patients compared with conventional radiographic imaging supplemented with selective CT.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. Reports were eligible if they contained original data comparing immediate total-body CT with conventional imaging supplemented with selective CT in injured patients. The main outcomes of interest were overall mortality and time in the emergency room (ER).

Results
Four studies were included describing a total of 5470 patients; one study provided 4621 patients (84·5 per cent). All four studies were non-randomized cohort studies with retrospective data collection. Mortality was reported in three studies. Absolute mortality rates differed substantially between studies, but within studies mortality rates were comparable between immediate total-body CT and conventional imaging strategies (pooled odds ratio 0·91, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·79 to 1·05). Time in the ER was described in three studies, and in two was significantly shorter in patients who underwent immediate total-body CT: 70 versus 104 min (P = 0·025) and 47 versus 82 min (P &lt; 0·001) respectively.

Conclusion
This review showed differences in time in the ER in favour of immediate total-body CT during the primary trauma survey compared with conventional radiographic imaging supplemented with selective CT. There were no differences in mortality. The substantial reduction in time in the ER is a promising feature of immediate total-body CT but well designed and larger randomized studies are needed to see how this will translate into clinical outcomes.
Emerging treatment strategies for trauma-induced coagulopathy
Authors: Sorensen B , Fries D 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Trauma-induced coagulopathy has a multifactorial aetiology. Coagulopathy is related to blood loss including consumption of clotting factors and platelets and haemodilution. Additionally hyperfibrinolysis, hypothermia, acidosis and metabolic changes affect the coagulation system.

Methods
This is a review of pathophysiology and new treatment strategies for trauma-induced coagulopathy.

Results
Paradigms are actively changing and there is still a shortage of data. The aim of any haemostatic therapy is to control bleeding and minimize blood loss and transfusion requirements. Transfusion of allogeneic blood products as well as trauma-induced coagulopathy cause increased morbidity and mortality. Current opinion is based on present studies and results from small case series, combined with findings from experimental studies in animals, in vitro studies and expert opinions, as opposed to large, randomized, placebo-controlled studies. A summary of new and emerging strategies, including medical infusion and blood products, to beneficially manipulate the coagulation system in the critically injured patient is suggested.

Conclusion
Future treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy may be based on systemic antifibrinolytics, local haemostatics and individualized point-of-care-guided rational use of coagulation factor concentrates such as fibrinogen, prothrombin complex concentrate, recombinant factor VIIa and factor XIII. The authors speculate that timely and rational use of coagulation factor concentrates will be more efficacious and safer than ratio-driven use of transfusion packages of allogeneic blood products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Orthorhombic R5Au2Te2 (R: Lu, Ho, Dy, Y). Electronic Structure of the Binary Parent Valence Compound Eu5As4.
Authors: Chai Ping , Corbett John D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe compounds Ln5Au2Te2 (Ln: Lu, Ho, Dy, Y) are synthesized by arc melting of Ln, Au, and Ln2Te3 followed by annealing at 1200 °C for one week (90, 60, 70, and 75% yield for Ln: Lu, Ho, Dy, and Y, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: Transport and Optical Properties of Heavily Hole‐Doped Semiconductors BaCu2Se2 and BaCu2Te2.
Authors: McGuire Michael A. , May Andrew F. , Singh David J. , Du Mao‐Hua , Jellison Gerald E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe title compounds are characterized by powder XRD, electrical resistivity, Hall effect, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity measurements, transmission and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and DFT electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: A Keggin‐Type Polyoxotungstate‐Coordinated Diplatinum(II) Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Stability of the cis‐Platinum(II) Moieties in Dimethylsulfoxide and Water.
Authors: Kato Masao , Kato Chika Nozaki 
Published: December 2011

Abstract(Me4N)3 [PW11O39{cis‐Pt (NH3)2}2]·10H2O is precipitated from an aqueous solution containing K7[PW11O39], cis‐Pt(NH3)2Cl2, and Me4NBr (25 °C, 24 h, 23% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Chemoselective Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Using Boron Triisopropoxide, B(OiPr)3: Comparison with Boron Triethoxide, B(OEt)3.
Authors: Uysal Burcu , Oksal Birsen S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlcohols (II) and (IV) are synthesized by Meerwein—Ponndorf—Verley reduction of corresponding aldehydes or ketones, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Amino Sulfide Building Blocks from Acyclic Chiral Amino Allylsilanes.
Authors: Reginato Gianna , Pezzati Bernardo , Ienco Andrea , Manca Gabriele , Rossin Andrea , Mordini Alessandro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTreatment of (E)‐allylsilanes of type (I) with the sulfenyl chloride (II) allows an efficient and highly stereoselective access to β‐amino sulfides like (III).