bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tombs as Evidence of Religious Diversity in the Sacred Valley, Peru (ca. AD 1000–1532)
Authors: Earle Julia E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article articulates a regional, diachronic approach to precontact central Andean tombs by interpreting differences in materiality and function as evidence for distinct religious traditions. I analyze a sample of 788 tombs from 30 sites in the Sacred Valley and adjacent tributary valleys (Cusco, Peru), built and used during the Late Intermediate and Inka periods (ca. AD 1000–1532). Combining primary and published datasets, this sample includes a wide variety of tombs that variably facilitated or impeded certain interactions and relationships between the living, the dead, and the environment. To understand this diversity, I develop a typology comprising six tomb types based on morphological traits, which exhibit overlapping distribution patterns at local and regional scales. In contrast to studies that emphasized commonality and timelessness in central Andean mortuary practices, these data attest to considerable diversity in belief and value systems during half a millennium. As such, this study challenges existing models and presents new interpretations of late precontact tombs, considering that central Andeans across time and space held divergent beliefs about life and death. Recognizing diversity in past and present Indigenous societies is required for an empirical and decolonial archaeology that rejects stereotypes of cultural homogeneity.
Digital trophies: using social media to assess wildlife crime in Lebanon
Authors: Raine André F. , Gregg Jason , Scott Lloyd , Hirschfeld Axel , Ramadan-Jaradi Ghassan , Bamberghi Filippo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Illegal hunting of migratory birds across the Mediterranean region is a serious international conservation issue with population-level impacts. We analysed photographs posted on social media platforms to assess the bird species illegally targeted in Lebanon. During 2011–2023 we reviewed 1,844 photographs publicly posted by poachers on Facebook and Instagram. In these images we identified 212 bird species, of which 94% are legally protected. Many are species of conservation concern, with 19 listed as threatened or Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and 33% experiencing population declines in Europe. The five bird species with the most individuals illegally killed were the barn swallow Hirundo rustica, blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, European bee-eater Merops apiaster, Eurasian golden oriole Oriolus oriolus and ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana. Raptors and other large soaring birds were particularly prevalent, with 35 species of raptor (particularly the European honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus, Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, common kestrel Falco tinnunculus, short-toed snake-eagle Circaetus gallicus and Levant sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes) as well as storks, pelicans and cranes. Protected mammals were also posted as trophies, including the Near Threatened striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena. Poachers were present in 44% of photographs and were clearly identifiable 89% of the time, showing little concern about posting illegal activities on publicly accessible social media platforms. Our study is the first to use social media as a tool for assessing illegal hunting activities in Lebanon. We discuss both the use and limitations of this approach, as well as the ways in which social media can be utilized by law enforcement, to promote legal hunting or hunting alternatives and improve conservation education.
Designing and evaluating alternative livelihoods for shark conservation: a case study on thresher sharks in Alor Island, Indonesia
Authors: Shidqi Rafid A. , Sari Dewi R. , Alopen Jeheskiel , Bang Yodhikson M. , Arianto Igo , Kopong Primiaty N. S. , TD Vivekananda Gitandjali , Smulders Etoile , Booth Hollie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The pelagic thresher shark Alopias pelagicus is an Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered species primarily threatened by overfishing. Indonesia is the world's largest shark fishing nation, and in Alor Island, thresher sharks have been a primary target for small-scale fishing communities for decades, sustaining subsistence livelihoods and serving as a protein source. With thresher shark populations continuously declining, there is a need for conservation measures to reduce shark mortality from fishing, while also securing the well-being of coastal communities. This study presents results and lessons learnt from a multi-faceted effort to reduce communities’ dependence on this Endangered shark species through a livelihood-based intervention complemented by collaborative species management and community outreach. Using a theory-based and statistical research design, we describe the approach taken in our intervention and its conservation outcomes. Total thresher shark catches were 91% lower among fishers who participated in our intervention compared to non-participants. Participating fishers also experienced increases in their income, in some cases by up to 525% relative to the income before the intervention. Occasional violations and challenges in the form of socio-political conflicts also occurred, yet these incidents acted as catalysts for regulatory change and reinforced stakeholder collaboration. This suggests overall positive outcomes and the potential for continued social change in shark conservation in the region over the long term. Our findings outline some generalizable lessons learnt for designing and implementing bottom-up livelihood-based interventions in other contexts.
“As a former National Socialist … I suffered most severely.” How National Socialists’ Atonement Work Became a Reconstruction Myth
Authors: Tschiggerl Martin , von der Hude Lea , Seifner Patricia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to severe shortages of volunteer labor for repairing the damage immediately after World War II, the provisional Austrian federal government decided in September 1945 to make work compulsory, primarily for former National Socialists. As a result, these individuals were forced to perform a wide variety of reconstruction work over a period of two years. These workers subsequently sued the Republic of Austria for compensation payments and received a favorable ruling from the Supreme Court in 1951. The work of these conscripted former National Socialists was increasingly forgotten as the years went on, and, therefore, toward the end of the twentieth century, a form of “Trümmerfrauen” myth emerged in Austria. According to this myth, the immediate repair of war damage was mainly carried out by volunteer women. This article examines for the first time the people that worked in the removal of rubble in 1945 and 1946, how they described their work afterward, and how this compulsory labor gave rise to a positive reconstruction myth of voluntary women’s work.
Challenges in inflected word processing for L2 speakers
Authors: Salmela Rosa , Lehtonen Minna , Vainio Seppo , Bertram Raymond 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Morphological knowledge refers to the ability to recognize and use morphemes correctly in syntactic contexts and word formation. This is crucial for learning a morphologically rich language like Finnish, which features both agglutinative and fusional morphology. In Finnish, agglutination occurs in forms like aamu: aamu+lla (‘morning: in the morning’), where a suffix is transparently added. Fusional features, as seen in ilta: illa+lla (‘evening: in the evening’), involve allomorphic stem changes that reduce transparency. We investigated the challenges posed by stem allomorphy for word recognition in isolation and in context for L2 learners and L1 speakers of Finnish. In a lexical decision task, L2 speakers had longer response times and higher error rates for semitransparent inflections, while L1 speakers showed longer response times for both transparent and semitransparent inflection types. In sentence reading, L2 speakers exhibited longer fixation times for semitransparent forms, whereas L1 speakers showed no significant effects. The results suggest that the challenges in L2 inflectional processing are more related to fusional than agglutinative features of the Finnish language.
Good citizens: legitimization strategies of new religious movements in Israel
Authors: Ben-Porat Guy , Huss Boaz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The presence of new religious movements (NRMs) is often fraught with tensions and confrontations. Depicted as foreign elements and “cults” they face opposition demanding to restrict their activities. NRMs in Israel, despite small numbers, raised concerns and objections, attributed among other things to the dominance and power of Orthodox religion. Gradually, however NRMs managed to establish themselves in Israel and to successfully deflect the opposition to their presence. In this work, based on interviews and media reports, we explore two strategies that enabled the movements in Israel to minimize rejection and opposition to their presence. The first, based on a republican concept of citizenship, included the adoption of Zionist ideology and taking part in settlement ethos and military service. The second, based on neoliberal concept of citizenship, fits well with more current trends in Israel, offers paths to economic advancement and social mobilization through education and ethos of success.
A Nanoindentation Study of Attenuation in Geological Materials
Authors: Badt Nir Z. , Maor Ron , Goldsby David L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe dissipation of elastic strain energy, or attenuation, in Earth materials contributes to a range of geophysical phenomena, such as the damping of seismic waves and tidal heating of planetary bodies. We present a new method for measuring attenuation in single crystals of minerals and in reference materials over a frequency range of 1–10−4 Hz via nanoindentation. In the experiments, we measure the phase lag between a sinusoidal load applied to the nanoindenter tip and the sinusoidal displacement of the tip into and out of the tested sample, which provides a measure of the inverse quality factor Q−1, or attenuation, of the sample. Experiments were conducted on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), indium, halite, olivine and quartz. Attenuation spectra from our tests on PMMA and indium are in excellent agreement with reported values from previous studies. We quantified the natural damping of the nanoindenter and showed that it becomes comparable to that of the samples only at frequencies greater than 0.1 Hz, and is much less than that of the samples at frequencies below 0.1 Hz.
Overlooked Contribution of Salt Lake Emissions: A Case Study of Dust Deposition From the Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau
Authors: Zhu Haixia , Li Wenxia , Kong Xiangrui , Zhang Xiying 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Qaidam Basin in the Northeastern Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau, characterized by its numerous salt lakes and fragile ecosystem, is increasingly impacted by salt dust emissions. To evaluate the impact of salt dust on environment, monthly dust samples were collected from six monitoring stations between January 2020 and March 2023 and analyzed for dust and salt dust deposition flux (DF), mineral composition, water‐soluble ions, trace elements, and carbonaceous content. The study used backward trajectory modeling, Pearson correlation, enrichment factor (EF) analysis, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) to quantify salt lake contributions to atmospheric dust. Results revealed that halite and gypsum content ranged from 0 to 47 wt%, with salt dust deposition flux (SDF) varying between 0 and 2.54 g/m2·30d. Key soluble ions included non‐playa salt sulfate (nps‐SO42−), playa salt chloride (ps‐Cl−), and sodium (ps‐Na+). Trace elements such as iron, aluminum, silicon, and titanium originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The organic carbon to element carbon (OC/EC) ratio and PMF model pointed to vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and biomass burning as major pollution sources, particularly in urban areas. PMF analysis showed that salt lakes contributed 5.23%–29.76% of total dust mass, aligning with changes in soluble ion and halite gypsum content. As the region is a key source of river systems, the soluble salts in dust pose risks to glaciers and freshwater resources. These findings highlight the substantial impact of inland salt aerosols in arid inland regions, emphasizing that their contribution to atmospheric processes is significant and should not be overlooked.
δ11B Variability in Ammonia parkinsoniana and Implications for Paleo‐pH in Coastal Margins
Authors: Hardage Kyle , Wang Tzu‐Hao , Liu Hou‐Chun , You Chen‐Feng , Herrera‐Silveira Jorge A. , Street Joseph H. , Paytan Adina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBoron isotopes have been used to reconstruct marine pH but less frequently in marginal marine environments (lagoons, coastal shelves), where paleo‐archives are abundant. The dynamic nature of these systems complicates environmental reconstruction, requiring a multi‐proxy approach to constrain changes in conditions. Celestun Lagoon (Yucatan, Mexico), influenced by mixing groundwater and seawater, offers a unique setting to explore such systems. We analyzed salinity (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O), temperature (δ18O, Mg/Ca), and respiration (δ13C, weight% organic C) proxies alongside δ11B and B/Ca in calcite of infaunal foraminifera Ammonia parkinsoniana. Results revealed spatial variability in δ11Bcalcite along the lagoon salinity gradient, ranging from 8.06 to 18.53‰, with higher δ11B variability near groundwater discharge and seagrass beds. This suggests low‐pH, high‐DIC groundwater and primary production influence the δ11B signature. Low concentrations of dissolved [B], [Mg], and [Ca] in groundwater shift the dissociation constant pKB* and possibly the fractionation factor αB. Notably, some δ11Bcalcite values (8.06‰) were lower than expected (11.0‰), suggesting complex influences from source δ11Bwater, pKB*, or dietary carbon with distinct boron signatures. Despite variability, foraminifera δ11Bcalcite (mean ± SD = 13.22 ± 3.41‰, n = 21) aligned with calculated mean δ11Bborate (13.64 ± 1.55‰, n = 19), supporting potential use of δ11B for paleo‐pH reconstructions in marginal marine settings. However, a large sample size may be required to capture average conditions. These findings emphasize the need for more studies to constrain boron isotopes in marginal marine environments which are critical for interpreting paleo‐archives in continental shelves and shallow seas.
High-power-efficiency and ultra-long-lifetime white OLEDs empowered by robust blue multi-resonance TADF emitters
Authors: Chen Guohao , Miao Jingsheng , Huang Xingyu , Zhang Zhenghao , Xue Zhuixing , Huang Manli , Li Nengquan , Cao Xiaosong , Zou Yang , Yang Chuluo 
Published: February 2025

Abstracts
White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) show very promising as next-generation light-sources, but achieving high power efficiency (PE) and long operational lifetime remains challenging because of the lack of stable blue emitters that can harvest all triplet (T1) excitons for light emission. Herein, we propose integrating stable azure multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR-TADF) emitters into tri-color hybrid WOLEDs to tackle these issues. By meticulously selecting MR-TADF emitters and precisely tuning the exciton recombination zone, the optimized tri-color devices based on BCzBN-3B achieve color-stable white light emission with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) and maximum PE (PEmax) of 34.4% and 101.8 lm W−1, respectively. Furthermore, the LT90, defined as the time for the luminance to drop to 90% of its initial value at 1000 cd m−2, reaches 761 h. In addition, a hybrid WOLED with deep blue emitter developed using our strategy achieves a high color rendering index of 88 and an EQEmax of 30.6%, further demonstrating the versatility and effectiveness of our approach. The record-breaking efficiency and ultra-long lifetime underscore the success of hybrid white-light devices by incorporating robust blue MR-TADF emitters. These advancements open new avenues for commercialization of hybrid WOLEDs, presenting promising solutions for energy-efficient lighting and display technologies.
Feasibility and efficacy of therapeutic drug monitoring of abiraterone in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients
Authors: van der Kleij Maud B. A. , Meertens Marinda , Groenland Stefanie L. , Kordes Sil , Bergman Andries M. , de Feijter Jeantine M. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Steeghs Neeltje ,   on behalf of the Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group (DPOG), van der Kleij Maud B. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Previous studies demonstrated better outcomes for mCRPC (metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer) patients with higher abiraterone exposure (minimal plasma concentration (Cmin) > 8.4 ng/mL), but around 40% of patients experience exposure below this target. Pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided interventions following Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) could optimise exposure and outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effect on treatment outcomes of abiraterone TDM.

Methods
Patients with low exposure levels (Low-group, Cmin < 8.4 ng/mL) got a PK-guided intervention. We compared exposure, adverse event (AE) incidence, time on treatment (ToT) and Prostate-Specific Antigen response rate (PSArr) between the Low-group and Adequate-group.

Results
We included 167 mCRPC patients, with 56 in the Adequate-group and 111 in the Low-group. Interventions were successful 86% of the time. Exposure between groups became corresponding (Low-group: 7.95 to 20.5 ng/mL, Adequate-group: 20.8 ng/mL, p = 0.72) with comparable AE incidence (17% vs. 23%, p = 0.4). Median ToT and PSArr were similar (351 vs. 379 days, p = 0.35; 61.3% vs. 67.9%, p = 0.51).

Conclusions
PK-guided interventions improved above target exposure from 33.5% to 81.4% of patients without additional AEs. While historically, low exposure patients had significantly shorter survival, PK-guided interventions eliminated this disparity. As interventions are effective, low-cost and safe, TDM for abiraterone should be considered to enhance treatment outcomes.
Benchmarking the translational potential of spatial gene expression prediction from histology
Authors: Wang Chuhan , Chan Adam S. , Fu Xiaohang , Ghazanfar Shila , Kim Jinman , Patrick Ellis , Yang Jean Y. H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics has enabled the quantification of gene expression at spatial coordinates across a tissue, offering crucial insights into molecular underpinnings of diseases. In light of this, several methods predicting spatial gene expression from paired histology images have provided the opportunity to enhance the utility of obtainable and cost-effective haematoxylin-and-eosin-stained histology images. To this end, we conduct a comprehensive benchmarking study encompassing eleven methods for predicting spatial gene expression with histology images. These methods are reproduced and evaluated using five Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics datasets, followed by external validation using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Our evaluation incorporates diverse metrics which capture the performance of predicted gene expression, model generalisability, translational potential, usability and computational efficiency of each method. Our findings demonstrate the capacity of the methods to predict spatial gene expression from histology and highlight areas that can be addressed to support the advancement of this emerging field.
A pathogen effector HaRxL10 hijacks the circadian clock component CHE to perturb both plant development and immunity
Authors: Fu Mengyao , Zhou Yaoyu , Zhang Xin , Yang Keyi , Xu Yufeng , Wang Xingwei , Chen Zhaodan , Wang Yu , Shi Yabo , Ma Lin , Liu Hanguang , Deng Yuhua , Cheng Shujing , Chu Jinfang , Song Jingyi , Sun Tongjun , Wang Yuanchao , Wang Wei , Zhou Mian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The intertwining between the life cycle of plants and their pathogens made the plant circadian clock an integral constituent of the plant immune system. Reciprocally, pathogens were also found to perturb the expression pattern of certain clock genes. However, how pathogens influence clock components remains largely unknown. Here we show that an oomycete effector HaRxL10 directly targets Arabidopsis central clock component CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE) to manipulate its function. HaRxL10 stabilises CHE by disrupting E3 ligase ZEITLUPE-mediated CHE protein degradation. Surprisingly, the accumulation of CHE does not enhance but rather suppresses CHE function, inhibiting its binding to the downstream gene promoter. HaRxL10 triggers reprogramming of the transcriptome including expression of genes related to circadian oscillations. Moreover, HaRxL10 hijacks CHE to repress plant immunity and manipulate physiological processes, including hypocotyl growth and flowering. Taken together, our study discovers the first plant pathogen effector that directly targets a plant circadian clock component and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanism.
Marine protected areas for dive tourism
Authors: Cabral Reniel B. , Millage Katherine D. , Mayorga Juan , Kordell Tia , Kelkar Mukta , Caughman Alicia M. , Favoretto Fabio , Schuhbauer Anna , Aburto-Oropeza Octavio , Sala Enric , Bradley Darcy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Marine and coastal tourism deliver economic benefits to coastal communities that far surpass those generated by fisheries, yet its potential contribution to global marine conservation remains underexamined. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) help restore biodiversity and enhance nearby fisheries, but their direct tourism benefits are not well understood. Here, we estimate the global demand for recreational scuba dive tourism, map the distribution and protection status of all marine dive sites globally, and develop a bioeconomic model to estimate the revenue gains from upgrading unprotected dive sites to fully protected MPAs. We estimate that 33.1 million scuba dives occur annually in marine environments worldwide, with 70% taking place within MPAs. However, only 15% of these MPA-affiliated dive sites are highly or fully protected. We show that designating all unprotected recreational dive sites, representing less than 1% of the global ocean, as highly or fully protected MPAs would improve fish biomass and biodiversity while generating an additional US$2 billion per year in direct tourism revenue (not including economic multipliers). Importantly, 62% of marine diving currently occurs in developing countries, underscoring the potential for dive tourism to support both marine conservation and local livelihoods in regions where such benefits are most needed.
Connectivity enhances resilience of marine forests after an extreme event
Authors: Vranken Sofie , Wernberg Thomas , Scheben Armin , Pessarrodona Albert , Batley Jacqueline , Coleman Melinda Ann 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The resilience of populations to extreme climatic events comprises the resistance to withstand and the ability to recover, which depends on factors such as remaining genetic diversity and population connectivity. In 2011, a MHW caused a 100 km range contraction of kelp (Ecklonia radiata) off Western Australia, but recently recovering kelp forests were discovered. To understand mechanisms of recovery and determine if recovering populations are survivors or immigrants, we used genotyping-by-sequencing to assess patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity. We found that two of the three recovering kelp forests (PG1 and 2) were likely survivors whereas a third smaller population (PGCr 1) was likely produced through re-colonisation from nearby surviving forests. Connectivity was high among populations and migration analysis identified one population (Horrocks) as the most important source for the recovering kelps. All recovering populations had higher neutral genetic diversity, and similar putative adaptive diversity to surrounding surviving populations, suggesting local adaptation. Our results elucidate how mixed processes can contribute to kelp forest resilience following MHWs but cryptic survival and maintenance of population connectivity is key to recovery.