ADJUVANT CITHICOLINE AGAINST NEGATIVE SYMPTOMPS AND INTERLEUKIN 6 (IL-6) IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS WITH RECEIVING RISPERIDONE TREATMENT
Authors: Tanra *Andi Jayalangkara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia has a variety of debilitating symptoms with most categorized into three groups: positive, negative symptoms and cognitive. Inflammation stated as one mechanism Which underlying symptom negative, especially deficit motivation, through effect cytokine inflammation of the basal ganglia. Anti- inflammatory pathway cholinergic is new neuro - immunomodulatory pathway found. Citicoline as an α7nAChR agonist has a role as an antiinflammatory which can prevent extreme inflammatory reactions in the brain. On research previously There are significant findings about effect of using citicoline adjuvant therapy on IL-6 levels and negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients.
Research involving clinical trials _ still very limited about administration of citicoline against patient schizophrenia.

Aim & Objectives
Knowing influence citicoline adjuvants to symptom negative and IL-6 levels in patients schizophrenia receiving risperidone therapy.

Method
Study This is study experimental with design Randomized clinical trials with double-blind approach. Study performed on 40 patients schizophrenia treated at home _ Sick Specifically for Dadi Region, South Sulawesi Province. Patient grouped be 2 in random i.e. 20 patients given risperidone 4-6 mg/ day and therapy adjuvant oral citicoline 2,000 mg/day for 8 weeks (treatment) and 20 patients given risperidone 4-6 mg/ day (control). A total of 20 individuals Healthy used For control of IL-6 levels. Done measurement serum IL-6 levels before therapy (baseline) and week 8. Done measurement symptom SANS clinical before therapy (baseline), week 4 and 8 post therapy. Data analyzed by T test No Paired, Paired T test, General Linear Model Test and Spearman Test.

Results
There is change symptom negative ones significant in patients schizophrenia that gets risperidone therapy and citicoline adjuvant or alone received risperidone at both week 4 and week 8 of therapy, however change more many patients schizophrenia that gets risperidone and citicoline adjuvant therapy. There is decline group serum IL-6 levels treatment nor group control after 8th week of therapy, however there is not difference significant decline serum IL-6 levels in both group. there is not correlation between symptom negative with serum IL-6 levels in both group. There is difference significant serum IL-6 levels in the group treatment and control at baseline study and after 8 weeks of therapy compared to with individual healthy.

Discussion & Conclusion
Therapy citicoline adjuvant orally 2,000 mg / day for 8 weeks able repair negative symptoms more good compared to with only risperidone therapy but There is not difference significant in decreased serum IL-6 inter group

References
Aggarwal, S., Grover, S., &Chakrabarti, S. (2019). A comparative study evaluating the marital and sexual functioning in patients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 39(December 2018), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2018.12.021
Al-Amin, M. M., Choudhury, M. F. R., Chowdhury, A. S., Chowdhury, T. R., Jain, P., Kazi, M., Alkholief, M., Alshehri, S. M., &Reza, H. M. (2018). Pretreatment with Risperidone Ameliorates systemic LPS-induced oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12(JUN), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00384
Al-kuraishy, H. M., Al-Buhadily, A. K., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Alorabi, M., Hadi AlHarcan, N. A., El-Bouseary, M. M., &Batiha, G. E. S. (2022). Citicoline and COVID-19: vis-à-vis conjectured. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’ s Archives of Pharmacology, 395(12), 1463–1475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-022-02284-6