bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Carbon Nanotube Toxicity Paradigm Driven by Mast Cells and the IL‐33/ST2 Axis
Authors: Katwa Pranita , Wang Xiaojia , Urankar Rakhee N. , Podila Ramakrishna , Hilderbrand Susana C. , Fick Robert B. , Rao Apparao M. , Ke Pu Chun , Wingard Christopher J. , Brown Jared M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractConcern about the use of nanomaterials has increased significantly in recent years due to potentially hazardous impacts on human health. Mast cells are critical for innate and adaptive immune responses, often modulating allergic and pathogenic conditions. Mast cells are well known to act in response to danger signals through a variety of receptors and pathways including IL‐33 and the IL‐1‐like receptor ST2. Here, the involvement of mast cells and the IL‐33/ST2 axis in pulmonary and cardiovascular responses to multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure are examined. Toxicological effects of MWCNTs are observed only in mice with a sufficient population of mast cells and are not observed when mast cells are absent or incapable of responding to IL‐33. Our findings establish for the first time that mast cells and the IL‐33/ST2 axis orchestrates adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular responses to an engineered nanomaterial, giving insight into a previously unknown mechanism of toxicity. This novel mechanism of toxicity could be used for assessing the safety of engineered nanomaterials and provides a realistic therapeutic target for potential nanoparticle induced toxicities.
Fabrication of Flexible MoS2 Thin‐Film Transistor Arrays for Practical Gas‐Sensing Applications
Authors: He Qiyuan , Zeng Zhiyuan , Yin Zongyou , Li Hai , Wu Shixin , Huang Xiao , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBy combining two kinds of solution‐processable two‐dimensional materials, a flexible transistor array is fabricated in which MoS2 thin film is used as the active channel and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film is used as the drain and source electrodes. The simple device configuration and the 1.5 mm‐long MoS2 channel ensure highly reproducible device fabrication and operation. This flexible transistor array can be used as a highly sensitive gas sensor with excellent reproducibility. Compared to using rGO thin film as the active channel, this new gas sensor exhibits much higher sensitivity. Moreover, functionalization of the MoS2 thin film with Pt nanoparticles further increases the sensitivity by up to ∼3 times. The successful incorporation of a MoS2 thin‐film into the electronic sensor promises its potential application in various electronic devices.
Influence of Laves Phase Precipitation and Coarsening on High‐Temperature Strength of Ferritic Stainless Steels
Authors: Nabiran Nilofar , Weber Sebastian , Theisen Werner 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDownsizing trends in the design of internal combustion engines require ferritic steels with greater strength at elevated temperatures. One method of improving the high‐temperature strength is precipitation hardening with intermetallic phases such as the Laves phase. Thermodynamic calculations show, that the elements Nb and Si contribute to the Laves phase formation strongly. In this work, the influence of intermetallic precipitates on the mechanical properties of three different ferritic FeCr stainless steels was investigated and compared to a reference material. The three main hardening mechanisms – precipitation–hardening, grain refinement, and solid‐solution strengthening – were studied with appropriate alloy compositions and thermo mechanical treatment. Investigations were performed with uniaxial compression tests of samples aged isothermally at 900°C for up to 1440 h. It is shown that, the solid solution effect of Mo and W increases the high‐temperature strength about 40%, also after long‐term annealing. The contribution of the Laves phase precipitates on the high‐temperature strength is rather small due to their rapid coarsening.
Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of S30432 Supreheater Pipe Aged at 700°C
Authors: Du Jinfeng , Liang Jun , Zhao Huichuan , Sun Biao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe microstructure and performance of S30432 supreheater pipe were investigated before and after it is aged 3000 h at 700°C. A lot of twins disappeared after aging, M23C6 particles precipitated along the grain boundary and MX particles precipitated near the dislocation. After the endurance experiment of the aged pipe, M23C6 precipitations with the size of about 50 nm pinned dislocations and the cavity appeared on the grain boundary. The aged S30432 supreheater pipe showed the ductile fracture. Increasing temperature made the inter‐granular fracture transfer the quasi‐cleavage fracture and the equiaxed morphology change the parabola morphology. The strength of the untreated specimen decreased with the temperature increasing. The hardness and the impact energy of the aged specimen were larger than those of the untreated specimen. Tensile strength and elongation of untreated specimen were larger than that of aged specimen.
Developing a construct‐based assessment to examine students' analogical reasoning around physical models in Earth Science
Authors: Rivet Ann E. , Kastens Kim A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn recent years, science education has placed increasing importance on learners' mastery of scientific reasoning. This growing emphasis presents a challenge for both developers and users of assessments. We report on our effort around the conceptualization, development, and testing the validity of an assessment of students' ability to reason around physical dynamic models in Earth Science. Building from the research literature on analogical mapping and informed by the current perspectives on learning progressions, we present a three‐tiered construct describing the increasing sophistication of students' analogical reasoning around the correspondences and non‐correspondences between models and the Earth System: at the level of entities (Level 1), configurations in space or relative motion of entities (Level 2), and the mechanism or cause for observed phenomena (Level 3). Grounded in a construct‐centered design approach, we describe our process for developing assessments in order to examine and validate this construct, including how we selected topics and models, designed items, and developed outcome spaces. We present the specific example of one assessment centered on moon phases, which was administered to 164 8th and 9th grade Earth Science students as a pre/postmeasure. Two hundred ninety‐four responses were analyzed using a Rasch modeling approach. Item difficulties and student proficiency scores were calculated and analyzed regarding their relative performance with respect to the three levels of the construct. The analysis results provided initial evidence in support of the construct as conceived, with students displaying a range of analogical reasoning spanning all three construct levels. It also identified problematic items that merit further examination. Overall, the assessment has provided us the opportunity to better describe and frame the cognitive uses of models by students during learning situations in Earth Science. Implications for instruction and future directions for research in this area are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 713–743, 2012
Large eddy simulation of dynamically controlled wind turbines in an offshore environment
Authors: Storey R. C. , Norris S. E. , Stol K. A. , Cater J. E. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTAccurate modelling of transient wind turbine wakes is an important component in the siting of turbines within wind farms because of wake structures that affect downwind turbine performance and loading. Many current industry tools for modelling these effects are limited to empirically derived predictions. A technique is described for coupling transient wind modelling with an aero‐elastic simulation to dynamically model both turbine operation and wake structures. The important feature of this approach is a turbine model in a flow simulation, which actively responds to transient wind events through the inclusion of controller actions such as blade pitching and regulation of generator torque. The coupled nature of the aero‐elastic/flow simulation also allows recording of load and control data, which permits the analysis of turbine interaction in multiple turbine systems. An aero‐elastic turbine simulation code and a large eddy simulation (LES) solver using an actuator disc model were adapted for this work. Coupling of the codes was implemented with the use of a software framework to transfer data between simulations in a synchronous manner. A computationally efficient simulation was developed with the ability to model turbines exhibiting standard baseline control operating in an offshore environment. Single and multiple wind turbine instances were modelled in a transient flow domain to investigate wake structures and wake interaction effects. Blade loading data were analysed to quantify the increased fluctuating loads on downwind turbines. The results demonstrate the successful implementation of the coupled simulation and quantify the effect of the dynamic‐turbine model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of the T cell and dendritic cell repertoire in a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I)
Authors: Archer Louise D , Langford‐Smith Kia J , Critchley William R , Bigger Brian W , Fildes James E 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundMucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a metabolic disorder caused by α‐L‐Iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency, resulting in lysosomal accumulation of heparan (HS) and dermatan sulphate (DS). This has been reported in microglia, yet currently the effect of IDUA deficiency on T cells and dendritic cells (DC) and their functionality in disease pathogenesis remains unclear.MethodsPeripheral blood was collected from 3 month old C57BL/6 MPS I (n = 11) and wildtype (WT) (n = 6) mice. T cell and DC phenotype and functional characteristics were identified by flow cytometry.ResultsMPS I mice exhibited a reduction in DC (p = <0.001) along with CD8+ cytotoxic (p = 0.01) and CD4+ T helper (p = 0.032) cells, compared to WT controls. MPS I DC displayed a significant decrease in cell surface CD123 (p = 0.02) and CD86 (p = 0.006) expression. Furthermore, CD45RB expression was significantly reduced on T helper cells in the MPS I population (p = 0.019).ConclusionWe report a reduction in circulating DC and T cells in the MPS I mouse; indicative of adaptive immune dysfunction. DC reduction may occur in response to down‐regulation of the IL‐3 receptor (CD123), necessary for DC survival. We also report down‐regulation of cell surface CD86, a molecule required for T cell co‐stimulation. T helper cell down‐regulation of CD45RB is redolent of an anti‐inflammatory phenotype with poor proliferative capacity. The definitive causes of our findings and the consequences and role that these findings play in the pathogenesis of MPS are unclear, but may be in response to lysosomal storage of unmetabolized HS and DS.
Interacting mindreaders
Authors: Butterfill Stephen A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCould interacting mindreaders be in a position to know things which they would be unable to know if they were manifestly passive observers? This paper argues that they could. Mindreading is sometimes reciprocal: the mindreader’s target reciprocates by taking the mindreader as a target for mindreading. The paper explains how such reciprocity can significantly narrow the range of possible interpretations of behaviour where mindreaders are, or appear to be, in a position to interact. A consequence is that revisions and extensions are needed to standard theories of the evidential basis of mindreading. The view also has consequences for understanding how abilities to interact combined with comparatively simple forms of mindreading may explain the emergence, in evolution or development, of sophisticated forms of social cognition.
The role of osteoblast cells in the pathogenesis of unicameral bone cysts
Authors: Aarvold Alexander , Smith James O. , Tayton Edward R. , Edwards Caroline J. , Fowler Darren J. , Gent Edward D. , Oreffo Richard O. C. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose The pathogenesis of unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) remains largely unknown. Osteoclasts have been implicated, but the role of osteoblastic cells has, to date, not been explored. This study investigated the pathophysiology of UBCs by examining the interactions between the cyst fluid and human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and the effect of the fluid on osteogenesis. Methods Fluid was aspirated from two UBCs and analysed for protein, electrolyte and cytokine levels. Graded concentrations of the fluid were used as culture media for hBMSCs to determine the effects of the fluid on hBMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The fibrocellular lining was analysed histologically and by electron microscopy. Results Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining of hBMSCs that were cultured in cyst fluid demonstrated increased cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared to basal media controls. Biochemical analysis of these hBMSCs compared to basal controls confirmed a marked increase in DNA content (as a marker of proliferation) and ALP activity (as a marker of osteogenic differentiation) which was highly significant ( p < 0.001). Osteoclasts were demonstrated in abundance in the cyst lining. The cyst fluid cytokine profile revealed levels of the pro-osteoclast cytokines IL-6, MIP-1α and MCP-1 that were 19×, 31× and 35× greater than those in reference serum. Conclusions Cyst fluid promoted osteoblastic growth and differentiation. Despite appearing paradoxical that the cyst fluid promoted osteogenesis, osteoblastic cells are required for osteoclastogenesis through RANKL signalling. Three key cytokines in this pathway (IL-6, MIP-1α, MCP-1) were highly elevated in cyst fluid. These findings may hold the key to the pathogenesis of UBCs, with implications for treatment methods.
Coping and depressive symptoms in adolescents with a chronic medical condition: A search for intervention targets
Authors: Kraaij Vivian , Garnefski Nadia 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to find relevant coping factors for the development of psychological intervention programs for adolescents with a chronic medical condition. A wide range of coping techniques were studied, including cognitive coping, behavioral coping and goal adjustment coping. A total of 176 adolescents participated. They were contacted through social networking websites or Internet forums and through schools for children with a physical disability. Several cognitive and behavioral coping strategies and goal adjustment were found to be related to symptoms of depression. The cognitive coping strategies had the strongest influence on depressive symptoms. Especially self‐blame, rumination and catastrophizing seemed to be important factors. If these findings can be confirmed, they could contribute to the focus and content of intervention programs for adolescents with a chronic medical condition.
Cerebrospinal fluid markers for Alzheimer's disease in a cognitively healthy cohort of young and old adults
Authors: Paternicò Donata , Galluzzi Samantha , Drago Valeria , Bocchio‐Chiavetto Luisella , Zanardini Roberta , Pedrini Laura , Baronio Manuela , Amicucci Giovanni , Frisoni Giovanni B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundLow amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and high total tau and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), reflecting brain deposition of amyloid plaques and tangles. Age and apolipoprotein E allele E4 are two strong risk factors for AD, but few data are still available on their effect on CSF markers in normal aging.ObjectiveTo study the effect of age on CSF Aβ42, total tau, and p‐tau levels in a well‐characterized group of cognitively normal subjects.MethodsCSF Aβ42 levels of 81 subjects (27% female, 53 ± 15.3 years, range: 21–88) were determined with sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; of these, total tau and p‐tau levels were measured in 61 (75%) and 42 (52%) cases, respectively. A linear regression analysis between age and CSF markers was carried out on the whole sample and separately in apolipoprotein E allele ε4 carriers and noncarriers.ResultsThe median levels of all markers were significantly different between young (<65 years) and old (≥65 years) subjects (Aβ42: P = .03; tau: P = .02; p‐tau: P = .002; tau/Aβ42: P = .004; p‐tau/Aβ42: P = .03). The association of marker levels with age was confirmed in linear regression models, where a positive relationship with age was observed for total tau (B = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89 to 3.7; P = .002), p‐tau (B = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.9; P = .02), and tau/Aβ42 ratio (B = 0.006; 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.01; P = .002). No subjects showed abnormal tau, whereas 19% showed abnormal CSF Aβ42 concentrations.ConclusionIn cognitively normal subjects, the concentrations of CSF biomarkers of AD are associated with age. Further longitudinal studies could clarify whether Aβ42 low levels represent a preclinical AD biomarker.
Knowledge creation in consumer research: Multiple routes, multiple criteria
Authors: Lynch John G. , Alba Joseph W. , Krishna Aradhna , Morwitz Vicki G. , Gürhan‐Canli Zeynep 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe modal scientific approach in consumer research is to deduce hypotheses from existing theory about relationships between theoretic constructs, test those relationships experimentally, and then show “process” evidence via moderation and mediation. This approach has its advantages, but other styles of research also have much to offer. We distinguish among alternative research styles in terms of their philosophical orientation (theory‐driven vs. phenomenon‐driven) and their intended contribution (understanding a substantive phenomenon vs. building or expanding theory). Our basic premise is that authors who deviate from the dominant paradigm are hindered by reviewers who apply an unvarying set of evaluative criteria. We discuss the merits of different styles of research and suggest appropriate evaluative criteria for each.
Modality specific alterations of esophageal sensitivity caused by longstanding diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brun Jan , Brock Christina , Frøkjær Jens B. , Söfteland Eirik , Simrén Magnus , Gregersen Hans , Drewes Asbjørn M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Abnormal visceral sensory function has been demonstrated in patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic autonomic neuropathy seems to be involved in the development and progression of gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. The possibility of multimodal (e.g. mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical) stimulation in, e.g. the esophagus has developed visceral pain research. The major advantage is involvement of distinctive receptors, various sensory nerves and different pain pathways mimicking clinical pain that favours investigation of central pain mechanisms involved in allodynia and hyperalgesia. Hence the rationale of the presents study was to explore the nervous system by assessment of esophageal sensitivity to multimodal stimulations.

Methods
Throughout an euglycemic clamp, 31 healthy volunteers (age 44.3 ± 10.6 (mean ± SD) years; 11men) and 31 patients (age 46.3 ± 11.7 years; 10 men) with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (duration 31.3 ± 13.1 years) were included in the study. By use of a multimodal oesophageal probe, sensitivity to heat, mechanical distension and electrical stimulation was assessed in the lower oesophagus.

Results
For heat stimulation patients had increased sensitivity in the sensory range with shorter stimulus duration until pain tolerance threshold (122 ± 3.8 sec vs. 136 ± 3.7 sec; p = 0.006) and larger area under the temperature curve (2380 ± 1847 vs. 1409 ± 1450; p = 0.03). There were no differences between groups for mechanical stimulation (maximum pressure (39 ± 57mmHg vs. 24 ± 48mmHg; p = 0.3; maximum volume 59 ± 21ml vs. 62 ± 25 ml; p = 0.56). As an overall finding, patients tolerated higher electrical stimulation intensities (p = 0.02), dominated by discrimination in the sensory range: At sensory detection threshold (VAS1) 21.1 ± 12.4 mA vs. 16.3 ± 5.5 mA (p = 0.03); at moderate sensation (VAS3) 27.5 ± 13.3 mA vs. 21.5 ± 5.0 mA (p = 0.03) however at pain detection threshold (VAS5) 31.6 ± 13.1mA vs. 28.8 ± 5.2 mA; the trend was insignificant (p = 0.3).

Conclusion
Patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus had modality-specific alterations of esophageal sensitivity. Heat stimulation activates selectively mucosal receptors whereas on the contrary electrical stimulation depolarizes the free nerve endings non-selectively. Hence, due to the different sensitivity profile, the esophageal neuropathy is most likely a result of both peripheral and central neuropathy caused by longstanding diabetic neuronal damage.
Recovery after a lumbar disc herniation is dependent on a gender and OPRM1 Asn40Asp genotype interaction
Authors: Olsen M.B. , Jacobsen L.M. , Schistad E.I. , Pedersen L.M. , Rygh L.J. , Røe C. , Gjerstad J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background/aims
The μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) is the major target of endogenous opioid peptides and opioid analgesic agents. An important single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this gene is the functional SNP, rs1799971, leading to a substitution of asparagine (Asn) to aspartic acid (Asp) at codon 40 in exon 1. Previous studies have suggested that this SNP may give different phenotypes in males and females. In the present study we therefore investigated whether the OPRM1 Asn40Asp SNP, grouped by gender, could predict clinical outcome regarding progression of pain intensity and disability in patients with discogenic low back pain and sciatica.

Methods
Patients (n = 252) with lumbar disc herniation and sciatic pain, all European-caucasian, were recruited from Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and Haukeland University Hospital. Blood samples were drawn, genomic DNA isolated and the OPRM1 Asn40Asp SNP was detected by TaqMan methodology. Pain intensity and functional consequences were rated on a visual analogue scale (VAS), by McGill Sensory and by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) over a 12 months period (inclusion, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months).

Results
The genotype */Asp was associated with more pain in women, but seemed to protect the men from pain after lumbar disc herniation. Wildtype Asn/Asn women and men reported similar pain ratings. Analysis of the recovery for the four groups; women Asn/Asn, women */Asp, men Asn/Asn and men */Asp, showed that the */Asp women had a significantly slower recovery, i.e., pain intensity over time than the */Asp men (VAS activity score p = 0.002, McGill sense score p = 0.021, ODI p = 0.205, rmANOVA including covariates smoke, treatment and age with p ≤ 0.1).

Conclusion
The present data suggest that the OPRM1 Asp variant increases the pain intensity in women, but have the opposite effect on men the first year after a disc herniation.