bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How cobalt facilitates cadmium- and ethylene precursor-induced growth inhibition and radial cell expansion in barley root tips
Authors: Valentovičová Katarína , Mistrík Igor , Zelinová Veronika , Tamás Ladislav 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Significant root growth inhibition was observed during the very short 5 minute exposure time of barley roots to the low 10 μM concentration of cadmium. In addition to the cadmium-induced root growth inhibition, considerable radial expansion of roots was observed as a characteristic symptom of transient short-term exposure of roots to cadmium. The cadmium-induced radial expansion of roots was observed mainly the cortical cells of elongation zone that were twice as large as in control roots. Similarly as in cadmium-treated roots, short-term treatment with ACC significantly inhibited root growth and caused a marked radial expansion of cortical cells. The ethylene synthesis inhibitor cobalt significantly alleviated both the cadmium- and ethylene precursor-induced root growth inhibition and radial root expansion. The results indicate that ethylene probably plays a crucial role in the short-term cadmium-induced inhibition of root growth and radial cell expansion of barley root tips, which are the very early symptoms of cadmium toxicity.
Antifungal Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sacks Peta-Lee , Harvey Richard J. , Rimmer Janet , Gallagher Richard M. , Sacks Raymond 
Published: April 2012

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder of the nose and sinuses. Because fungi were postulated as a potential cause of CRS in the late 1990s, contrasting articles have advocated and refuted the use of antifungal agents in its management. Although good research shows an interaction of the immune system with fungus in CRS, e.g., allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), this does not imply that fungi are the cause of CRS or that antifungals will be effective in management. This study was designed to assess the potential advantage of either topical or systemic antifungal therapy in the symptomatic treatment of CRS to aid physicians in making informed decisions about treating patients with CRS. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed with meta-analysis. All studies obtained from searches were reviewed and trials meeting the eligibility criteria were selected. CRS was defined using either the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps or American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery criteria. Authors were contacted and original data were used for data analysis. Results Five studies investigating topical antifungals and one investigating systemic antifungals met the inclusion criteria. All trials were double blinded and randomized. Pooled meta-analysis showed no statistically significant benefit of topical or systemic antifungals over placebo. Symptoms scores statistically favored the placebo group for this outcome. Adverse event reporting was higher in the antifungal group. Conclusion Reported side-effects of antifungal therapies may outweigh any potential benefits of treatment based on this meta-analysis and the authors therefore do not advocate the use antifungal treatment in the management of CRS.
Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Drainage Draf Type III with Mucosal Transplants
Authors: Hildenbrand Tanja , Wormald Peter J. , Weber Rainer K. 
Published: April 2012

Background This study was designed to evaluate the extent of restenosis that occurs after an endoscopic frontal sinus drainage Draf type III (Draf III; modified Lothrop procedure) using a modified technique with reconstruction of the frontal sinus drainage pathway with mucosal transplants, in combination with occlusive postoperative care. Methods Retrospective case series was performed with 24 consecutive patients undergoing Draf III drainage between 2005 and 2010 using the modified technique of covering the bare bone with mucosal transplants from the nasal septum. To ensure optimal moist wound healing, occlusion of the nose was realized by taping the nose for 2 weeks postoperatively. Frontal ostium measurements were done intraoperatively and at follow-up visits for a minimum of 12 months. Data on patient history, demographics, comorbidities, and computed tomography scans were collected. Results Mean follow-up was 25.6 months. Eight patients were lost to follow-up. Ninety-four percent of frontal sinus neo-ostia remained open. One patient needed revision surgery using an osteoplastic flap with obliteration. The frontal neo-ostium narrowed by an average of 36.9% from 20.5 × 12.5 to 15 × 9.6 mm. On average, three visits were needed for postoperative care. The patients did not experience significant pain throughout the postoperative healing time. Conclusion The modified Lothrop procedure is a well-established technique in endoscopic sinus surgery to handle difficult frontal sinus drainage pathways or revision surgeries. The modified technique provides good results in combination with minimized postoperative care and morbidity. A comparative study would be necessary to show superiority to the standard method of Draf III.
Inverted Papillomas and Benign Nonneoplastic Lesions of the Nasal Cavity
Authors: Wood John W. , Casiano Roy R. 
Published: April 2012

Background Benign lesions of the nasal cavity represent a diverse group of pathologies. Furthermore, each of these disorders may present differently in any given patient as pain and discomfort, epistaxis, headaches, vision changes, or nasal obstruction. Although these nasal masses are benign, many of them have a significant capacity for local tissue destruction and symptomatology secondary to this destruction. Advances in office-based endoscopic nasendoscopy have equipped the otolaryngologist with a safe, inexpensive, and rapid means of directly visualizing lesions within the nasal cavity and the initiation of appropriate treatment. Methods The purpose of this study is to review the diagnosis, management, and controversies of many of the most common benign lesions of the nasal cavity encountered by the primary care physician or otolaryngologist. Results This includes discussion of inverted papilloma (IP), juvenile angiofibroma, squamous papilloma, pyogenic granuloma, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, schwannoma, benign fibro-osseous lesions, and other benign lesions of the nasal cavity, with particular emphasis on IP and juvenile angiofibroma. Conclusion A diverse array of benign lesions occur within the nasal cavity and paranasal cavities. Despite their inability to metastasize, many of these lesions have significant capability for local tissue destruction and recurrence.
Peripheral Blood Gene Expression and IgG Glycosylation Profiles as Markers of Tocilizumab Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: MESKO BERTALAN , POLISKA SZILARD , SZAMOSI SZILVIA , SZEKANECZ ZOLTAN , PODANI JANOS , VARADI CSABA , GUTTMAN ANDRAS , NAGY LASZLO 
Published: April 2012

Objective.Tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, has recently been approved as a biological therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other diseases. It is not known if there are characteristic changes in gene expression and immunoglobulin G glycosylation during therapy or in response to treatment.Methods.Global gene expression profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 13 patients with RA and active disease at Week 0 (baseline) and Week 4 following treatment were obtained together with clinical measures, serum cytokine levels using ELISA, and the degree of galactosylation of the IgG N-glycan chains. Gene sets separating responders and nonresponders were tested using canonical variates analysis. This approach also revealed important gene groups and pathways that differentiate responders from nonresponders.Results.Fifty-nine genes showed significant differences between baseline and Week 4 and thus correlated with treatment. Significantly, 4 genes determined responders after correction for multiple testing. Ten of the 12 genes with the most significant changes were validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An increase in the terminal galactose content of N-linked glycans of IgG was observed in responders versus nonresponders, as well as in treated samples versus samples obtained at baseline.Conclusion.As a preliminary report, gene expression changes as a result of tocilizumab therapy in RA were examined, and gene sets discriminating between responders and nonresponders were found and validated. A significant increase in the degree of galactosylation of IgG N-glycans in patients with RA treated with tocilizumab was documented.
YouTube for Information on Rheumatoid Arthritis — A Wakeup Call?
Authors: SINGH ABHA G. , SINGH SIDDHARTH , SINGH PREET PAUL 
Published: April 2012

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common debilitating autoimmune disease, with unmet need for knowledge among patients and the general population. YouTube is a popular, consumer-generated, video-sharing website, which can be a source of information on RA. We investigated the quality of information on RA on YouTube and analyzed audience interaction.Methods.YouTube was searched using the term “Rheumatoid Arthritis,” for videos uploaded on RA. Two physicians independently classified videos as useful, misleading, or patient views, and rated them on a 5-point global quality scale (GQS; 1 = poor quality, 5 = excellent quality). Useful videos were rated for reliability and content, on a 5-point scale (higher scores represent more reliable and comprehensive videos). Source of videos was also noted. Audience interaction was assessed through video viewership.Results.A total of 102 relevant videos were identified; 54.9% were classified as useful (GQS 2.9 ± 1.0) and 30.4% deemed misleading (GQS 1.3 ± 1.6). Mean reliability and content score of useful videos was 3.2 (± 1.0) and 2.5 (± 1.2), respectively. All videos uploaded by university channels and professional organizations provided useful information but formed only 12.7% of total videos, whereas 73.9% of medical advertisements and videos by for-profit organizations were misleading. There was no difference in the viewership/day (10.0 vs 21.5; p = nonsignificant) of useful and misleading information.Conclusion.YouTube is a source of information on RA, of variable quality, with wide viewership and potential to influence patients’ knowledge and behavior. Physicians and professional organizations should be aware of and embrace this evolving technology to raise awareness about RA, and empower patients to discriminate useful from misleading information.
A Prospective Observational Study of Mycophenolate Mofetil Treatment in Progressive Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis of Recent Onset
Authors: MENDOZA FABIAN A. , NAGLE SARAH J. , LEE JASON B. , JIMENEZ SERGIO A. 
Published: April 2012

Objective.A prospective observational study of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment in patients with diffuse progressive cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc) of recent onset.Methods.Twenty-five previously untreated consecutive patients with recent-onset (< 24 mo) diffuse progressive cutaneous SSc received MMF as the only disease-modifying therapy. Modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) and affected body surface area (BSA) were compared from initiation of MMF to study end. Pulmonary function tests performed at the same institution before therapy and at study end were available in 15 patients. Histopathology and real-time PCR assessment of fibrosis-related gene expression were performed before and after treatment in skin biopsies from 3 patients.Results.At 18.2 ± 8.73 months of MMF therapy (median 2000 mg/day) the mRSS decreased from 24.56 ± 8.62 to 14.52 ± 10.9 (p = 0.0004) and the affected BSA from 36% ± 16% to 14% ± 13.3% (p = 0.00001). Pulmonary function tests remained stable from initiation of MMF to the end of the study. Skin histopathology showed a remarkable reduction in accumulation of fibrotic tissue. Real-time PCR of skin biopsies demonstrated a marked decrease in expression of fibrosis-related genes.Conclusion.Patients with diffuse progressive cutaneous SSc of recent onset treated with MMF experienced marked improvement in skin involvement and stabilization of pulmonary function. Skin biopsies from 3 patients demonstrated histopathological improvement and decreased expression of fibrosis-related genes.
Media Education, Media Literacy and Digital Competence
Authors: Gutiérrez-Martín Alfonso , Tyner Kathleen 
Published: April 2012

This article addresses some possible relationship between education and media in contemporary society and explores the role that formal education should play in both the integration of media in the curriculum and the digital literacy skills necessary for the 21st century. The authors discuss here different theories and approaches that have dominated international media studies, media education and media literacy in recent decades. Confusion and misunderstandings in terminology for contemporary literacy in a complex, global and intercultural environment are explored and the authors present some inclusive categories for 21st century literacy such as media literacy, digital, multimodal, critical and functional. Interpretations of media literacy and digital competencies are discussed with particular emphasis on the current European regulatory framework. The authors warn that reductionist interpretations that focus on applied technical competencies with devices, hardware and software have the potential to severely limit media literacy education. Instead, the authors stress critical approaches as central to media literacy. In addition to technical competency, the authors highlight the need to include a broader and deeper analysis of the social uses, attitudes, and values associated with new media tools, texts and practices.
El presente trabajo aborda las posibles relaciones entre educación y medios en la sociedad actual, y el papel que le corresponde a la educación formal tanto en la integración curricular de los medios como en la alfabetización digital necesaria para el siglo XXI. Se parte de distintas concepciones y enfoques que en las últimas décadas han predominado en el estudio de los medios y en la educación y alfabetización mediáticas en el panorama internacional; se intentan subsanar algunos problemas terminológicos derivados de la riqueza idiomática del mundo global e intercultural en el que nos movemos; se buscan posturas integradoras y se propone una alfabetización para el siglo XXI que se caracteriza por ser mediática, digital, multimodal, crítica y funcional. Se analizan posibles interpretaciones de educación mediática y competencia digital prestando especial atención al actual marco normativo europeo y se advierte de dos posibles peligros: reducir la educación mediática al desarrollo de la competencia digital, y reducir la competencia digital a su dimensión más tecnológica e instrumental: centrarse en los conocimientos técnicos, en los procedimientos de uso y manejo de dispositivos y programas, olvidando las actitudes y los valores. Para evitar el reduccionismo y el sesgo tecnológico se recomienda recuperar para el desarrollo de la alfabetización mediática y de la competencia digital los enfoques más críticos e ideológicos de la educación para los medios.
Media Competence. Articulated Proposal of Dimensions and Indicators
Authors: Ferrés Joan , Piscitelli Alejandro 
Published: April 2012

The changes occurring in the media environment over the last decade force us to revise the parameters from which media education is to be implemented today, in a new age of communications. This article seeks to provide some criteria that media education or media literacy should follow, and especially a coordinated proposal of dimensions and indicators to define the new media competence. The proposal has been made by the authors of this article from the contributions made by 50 renowned Spanish and foreign experts in Media Literacy. The proposal focuses on six major dimensions: languages; technology; interaction processes; production and dissemination processes; ideology and values, and the aesthetic dimension. And it is structured around two areas of work in every dimension: the production of their own messages and the interaction with outside messages. We propose to develop this media education in the context of participatory culture, combining critical and aesthetic thinking with the expressive capacity; the development of personal autonomy with social and cultural commitment. Finally, we propose to combine technological revolution with neurobiological revolution, assuming changes produced in the conception of the human mind, especially as regards the importance of emotions and unconscious processes over reasoned and conscious ones.Los cambios que se han producido en el entorno comunicativo durante la última década obligan a revisar los parámetros desde los que se ha de impartir la educación mediática. En este artículo se ofrecen algunos criterios que deberían presidir esta educación y, sobre todo, una propuesta articulada de dimensiones y de indicadores para definir la nueva competencia mediática. La propuesta ha sido realizada por los autores y ajustada a partir de las aportaciones hechas por 50 reconocidos expertos, españoles y extranjeros, y gira en torno a seis grandes dimensiones: lenguajes, tecnología, procesos de interacción, procesos de producción y difusión, ideología y valores, y dimensión estética. Y está estructurada en torno a dos ámbitos de trabajo: el de la producción de mensajes propios y el de la interacción con mensajes ajenos. Se propone desarrollar esta educación en el marco de la cultura participativa, compaginando el espíritu crítico y estético con la capacidad expresiva, el desarrollo de la autonomía personal con el compromiso social y cultural. Se pretende, en fin, compaginar la revolución tecnológica con la neurobiológica, asumiendo los cambios producidos en la concepción de la mente humana, sobre todo en lo referente al peso de las emociones y del inconsciente sobre los procesos razonados y conscientes.
Social Media and Self-curatorship: Reflections on Identity and Pedagogy through Blogging on a Masters Module
Authors: Potter John , Banaji Shakuntala 
Published: April 2012

The widespread uses of social media have been celebrated as a unique opportunity to redesign innovative learning environments that position students at the center of a participatory, multiliteracy and peer learning experience. This article problemitizes the connection between the social uses of new media and relevant educational practices and proposes more rigorous theoretical frames that can be used to guide future research into the role of social media in education. This article reports on a case study of a small group of students who use an online module to study media, culture and communication as part of a wider master’s programme. The students were invited to reflect in a more reflexive and theoretical manner than is commonly used in a standard course evaluation about their experiences of engaging with social media as both the medium and the subject of the course. The article discusses the student experience as it unfolded in the context of an assessed piece of project work. In discussing the findings the authors locate the arguments in the context of debates about new literacies, pedagogy and social media as well as in an emergent theory of self-curatorship as a metaphorical frame for understanding the production and representation of identity in digital media.El uso de los medios sociales se ha extendido notablemente y se considera ya como una oportunidad única para el diseño de entornos innovadores de aprendizaje, donde los estudiantes se conviertan en protagonistas de experiencias de multialfabetización participativas y entre iguales. El trabajo cuestiona la conexión entre los usos sociales de los nuevos medios y las prácticas educativas relevantes, y propone marcos teóricos más rigurosos que puedan orientar en futuras investigaciones sobre el papel de los medios sociales en la educación. El trabajo reflexiona sobre el estudio de caso llevado a cabo en un grupo de alumnos en un módulo on-line como parte de un programa de máster sobre medios de comunicación, cultura y comunicación. Se invitó a los estudiantes a desenvolverse en estrategias de evaluación más allá de las convencionales, con el fin de teorizar y reflexionar sobre sus experiencias con los medios sociales como soporte y materia del curso. El artículo analiza la experiencia de los estudiantes evaluados en el conjunto del proyecto. Durante la exposición de resultados, los autores situaron los argumentos en el contexto del debate sobre las nuevas alfabetizaciones, la pedagogía y los medios sociales, así como en el marco de la teoría emergente de la autogestión del individuo en estos contextos, como marco metafórico para comprender la producción y la representación de la identidad en los medios digitales.
Debonding of the Acetabular Porous Coating of A Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Ray Robbie , Goudie Ewan B. , Gaston Paul 
Published: April 2012

We report an unusual case of loosening of the acetabular component of a hip resurfacing arthroplasty due to debonding of the titanium surface coating from the acetabular shell. A 41-year-old male scaffolder had bilateral hip resurfacings in 2006. These initially functioned well. At 54 months he was found to have migration of the acetabular component on the right side. This was subsequently revised to a cemented total hip arthroplasty. Debonding of the surface coating was suspected on radiographs prior to the revision procedure, and was confirmed intraoperatively.
Relationship between the Outcomes of Stent Placement and the Properties of Arteriovenous Graft Outflow Vein Stenotic Lesions
Authors: Yamamoto Yuya , Nakamura Junichi , Nakayama Yuji , Hino Hiroko , Kobayashi Hiroki , Sugiura Toshihiro 
Published: April 2012

Purpose The mechanisms of venous stenosis in vascular access include vascular constriction and neointimal hyperplasia. One purpose of this study was to examine the properties of stenotic lesions in arteriovenous graft outflow veins and the association with the results of treatment using stent placement. Subjects and Methods. The study involved 46 patients who underwent stent placement to treat arteriovenous graft outflow vein stenosis. The properties of stenotic lesions before stent placement were observed by ultrasonography and were classified into three groups: vascular constriction types, neointimal proliferation types, and mixed types. Stent placement was performed when elastic recoil occurred or when restenosis occurred at the same site within three months. The primary patency results for each group were then compared. The primary endpoint included patency of the treatment area. Results. The primary patency rate of the treatment area at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-stent placement for the vascular constriction type was 100.0%, 92.3%, 84.6% and 75.2%, respectively. Those rates were 66.7%, 33.3%, 33.3% and 25.0% for the neointimal proliferation type, and 90.5%, 52.4%, 38.1% and 27.2% with the mixed type. The vascular constriction type displayed excellent primary patency rates after stent placement. Conclusions. It is possible to define the types of stenotic lesions for which stent therapy is effective through morphological diagnosis of those lesions using ultrasound tomography.
Apport de l’étude de la performance à la compréhension d’une pratique musicale
Authors: Pichette Marie-Hélène 
Published: April 2012

La musique gwoka de Guadeloupe se compose de trois éléments indissociables : le chant, le tambour et la danse. Pour tenter de comprendre cette pratique musicale, l’ethnomusicologue ne peut se limiter à une simple analyse de la structure sonore, il doit prendre en considération tous les éléments qui entourent la pratique musicale, tels le contexte sociohistorique, la danse et la participation du public. L’étude du gwoka en tant que performance permet de montrer l’interaction entre ces diverses composantes.