Abstract B144: Obesity-induced impairments in innate and adaptive immune responses are differentially altered by exercise and dietary restriction.
Authors: Rogers Connie , Zaharoff David , Hance Kenneth , Perkins Susan , Schlom Jeffrey , Hursting Stephen , Greiner John 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B144
Obesity increases the risk of several solid tumors, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, and colon. One of several mechanisms that may contribute to the relationship between obesity and tumor risk is an obesity-induced impairment in immunity. We have previously shown that numerous innate and adaptive immune responses, including NK cell cytotoxicity, antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation, and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, are impaired in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The current study was designed to determine if the obesity-induced decrements in immunity were reversible with weight loss achieved via the most common obesity interventions used in humans: exercise (EX), energy restriction (ER), or a combination of EX+ER. Female C57BL/6 mice consumed a 60 kcal % fat diet, with 20 kcal % protein and carbohydrate, ad libitum for 15 weeks to induce obesity. After achieving a mean (± SD) body weight of 48.3 ± 1.9 grams, DIO mice were randomized to one of the following intervention groups (n=7-9/group): 1) DIO controls, which continued on 60 kcal % fat diet ad libitum; 2) DIO mice with access to running wheels (DIO+EX); 3) DIO mice placed on an energy-restricted diet consisting of a 30% reduction in kcal from fat (42 kcal % fat diet, with 29 kcal% protein & carbohydrate) (DIO+ER); or 4) DIO mice placed on an ER diet with access to running wheels (DIO+ER+EX). Mice on the aforementioned interventions consumed 20.9 ± 0.6 kcal/d, 20.6 ± 0.3 kcal/d, 15.6 ± 0.4 kcal/d, and 15.4 ±0.3 kcal/d, respectively. Mice were on one of the four interventions for 8 weeks prior to receiving a primary vaccination with a subcutaneous pox virus-based vaccine, followed by 2 booster vaccinations 2 and 4 weeks following the prime. Animals were sacrificed 3 weeks following the last boost, and spleens were collected for assessment of immune function. Following 15 weeks on the interventions, DIO, DIO+EX, DIO+ER, and DIO+ER+EX mice weighed 55.3 ± 1.3 g, 50.2 ± 1.3 g, 39.3 ± 1.7 g, 28.5 ± 0.8 g, respectively. Only mice on the ER diets (DIO+ER and DIO+ER+EX mice) weighed significantly less than the DIO control mice (P&lt;0.05). Despite the lack of significant change in body weight with the exercise intervention alone, EX (either alone or in combination with ER) significantly (P &lt;0.05) enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity, antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation, and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity in DIO mice, whereas ER alone did not. These findings demonstrate that obesity-induced immune impairments in NK cell and T cell function can be reversed by EX or a combination of ER plus EX, but not ER alone. These results suggest that in obese mice exercise enhances immune function independently of changes in body weight, and that in humans exercise may be an important intervention to couple with energy restriction to reduce body weight and enhance immune responsiveness in obese patients.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B144.