bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommended aerobic fitness level for metabolic health in children and adolescents: a study of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Adegboye Amanda RA , Anderssen Sigmund A , Froberg Karsten , Sardinha Luis B , Heitmann Berit L , Steene-Johannessen Jostein , Kolle Elin , Andersen Lars B 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo define the optimal cut-off for low aerobic fitness and to evaluate its accuracy to predict clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents.DesignStudy of diagnostic accuracy using a cross-sectional database.SettingEuropean Youth Heart Study including Denmark, Portugal, Estonia and Norway.Participants4500 schoolchildren aged 9 or 15 years.Main Outcome MeasureAerobic fitness was expressed as peak oxygen consumption relative to bodyweight (mlO2/min/kg).ResultsRisk factors included in the composite risk score (mean of z-scores) were systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance and sum of four skinfolds. 14.5% of the sample, with a risk score above one SD, were defined as being at risk. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to define the optimal cut-off for sex and age-specific distribution. In girls, the optimal cut-offs for identifying individuals at risk were: 37.4 mlO2/min/kg (9-year-old) and 33.0 mlO2/min/kg (15-year-old). In boys, the optimal cut-offs were 43.6 mlO2/min/kg (9-year-old) and 46.0 mlO2/min/kg (15-year-old). Specificity (range 79.3–86.4%) was markedly higher than sensitivity (range 29.7–55.6%) for all cut-offs. Positive predictive values ranged from 19% to 41% and negative predictive values ranged from 88% to 90%. The diagnostic accuracy for identifying children at risk, measured by the area under the curve (AUC), was significantly higher than what would be expected by chance (AUC >0.5) for all cut-offs.ConclusionsAerobic fitness is easy to measure, and is an accurate tool for screening children with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. Promoting physical activity in children with aerobic fitness level lower than the suggested cut-points might improve their health.
Biomechanics laboratory-based prediction algorithm to identify female athletes with high knee loads that increase risk of ACL injury
Authors: Myer Gregory D , Ford Kevin R , Khoury Jane , Succop Paul , Hewett Timothy E 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveKnee abduction moment (KAM) during landing predicts non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk with high sensitivity and specificity in female athletes. The purpose of this study was to employ sensitive laboratory (lab-based) tools to determine predictive mechanisms that underlie increased KAM during landing.MethodsFemale basketball and soccer players (N=744) from a single county public school district were recruited to participate in testing of anthropometrics, maturation, laxity/flexibility, strength and landing biomechanics. Linear regression was used to model KAM, and logistic regression was used to examine high (>25.25 Nm of KAM) versus low KAM as surrogate for ACL injury risk.ResultsThe most parsimonious model included independent predictors (β±1 SE) (1) peak knee abduction angle (1.78±0.05; p<0.001), (2) peak knee extensor moment (0.17±0.01; p<0.001), (3) knee flexion range of motion (0.15±0.03; p<0.01), (4) body mass index (BMI) Z-score (−1.67±0.36; p<0.001) and (5) tibia length (−0.50±0.14; p<0.001) and accounted for 78% of the variance in KAM during landing. The logistic regression model that employed these same variables predicted high KAM status with 85% sensitivity and 93% specificity and a C-statistic of 0.96.ConclusionsIncreased knee abduction angle, quadriceps recruitment, tibia length and BMI with decreased knee flexion account for 80% of the measured variance in KAM during a drop vertical jump.Clinical relevanceFemales who demonstrate increased KAM are more responsive and more likely to benefit from neuromuscular training. These findings should significantly enhance the identification of those at increased risk and facilitate neuromuscular training targeted to this important risk factor (high KAM) for ACL injury.
Life-prolonging treatment in nursing homes: how do physicians and nurses describe and justify their own practice?
Authors: Dreyer A , Førde R , Nortvedt P 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundMaking the right decisions, while simultaneously showing respect for patient autonomy, represents a great challenge to nursing home staff in the issues of life-prolonging treatment, hydration, nutrition and hospitalisation to dying patents in end-of-life.ObjectivesTo study how physicians and nurses protect nursing home patients' autonomy in end-of-life decisions, and how they justify their practice.DesignA qualitative descriptive design with analysis of the content of transcribed in-depth interviews with physicians and nurses.ParticipantsNine physicians and ten nurses in 10 nursing homes in Norway.Results and interpretationsAssessment of the patient's competence to consent to treatment is almost absent. The physicians build their practice on the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Nurses tend to trust the patients' rejection of life support, even when the patients have difficulty speaking or suffer from dementia. Relatives were, according to the health personnel, included in decision-making processes to a very limited extent. However, futile life support is sometimes provided contrary to the physicians' judgement of what constitutes the patient's best interest on occasions when they are pressurised by next of kin.ConclusionsThe study reveals a need to improve decision-making routines according to ethical ideals and legislation. Conflicts between relatives and healthcare professionals in the decision-making process deflect the focus from searching for the best possible treatment for the terminal patient. Further discussion is required as to whether the concept of autonomy is applicable in situations in which the patient is impaired and dying.
Risk of Hematoma Complications After Device Implant in the Clopidogrel Era
Authors: Kutinsky Ilana B. , Jarandilla Regina , Jewett Maralee , Haines David E. 
Published: June 2010

Background—
Device implant pocket hematoma is a recognized complication after permanent pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Pocket hematoma is associated with local discomfort, an increased risk of infection, and may require surgical intervention or lead to lengthier hospital stays. The purpose of the study was to identify the clinical factors associated with hematoma formation after PM or ICD device implantation.

Methods and Results—

The subjects of this prospective observational study were 935 consecutive patients at Beaumont Hospital who underwent implantation of a PM or an ICD. Clinical characteristics and anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug use were recorded. A pocket hematoma was documented in 89 of 935 patients. Significant predictors of device pocket hematoma included ongoing clopidogrel therapy (18.3% on therapy, 10.5% recently discontinued, and 7.9% off therapy;
P
<0.001) and use of intravenous heparin (22.0% on therapy versus 8.2%;
P
<0.0001). Patients in whom clopidogrel was discontinued >4 days before device implantation had no hematoma. Hematomas occur more frequently in patients receiving ICDs than those receiving PMs. Device pocket hematoma was associated with an increased median length of hospital stay (4 days [interquartile range, 1 to 9] days with versus 2 days [ interquartile range, 1 to 6] days without hematoma;
P
=0.004) and increased late complications or surgical intervention.

Conclusions—
The use of clopidogrel or intravenous heparin significantly increased the risk of hematoma at the time of PM or ICD implantation. By withholding clopidogrel before surgery, the excess risk of bleeding complications may be reduced.
Central and Peripheral Mechanisms of T-Lymphocyte Activation and Vascular Inflammation Produced by Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension
Authors: Marvar Paul J. , Thabet Salim R. , Guzik Tomasz J. , Lob Heinrich E. , McCann Louise A. , Weyand Connie , Gordon Frank J. , Harrison David G. 
Published: June 2010

Rationale:We have previously found that T lymphocytes are essential for development of angiotensin II–induced hypertension; however, the mechanisms responsible for T-cell activation in hypertension remain undefined.Objective:We sought to study the roles of the CNS and pressure elevation in T-cell activation and vascular inflammation caused by angiotensin II.Methods and Results:To prevent the central actions of angiotensin II, we created anteroventral third cerebral ventricle (AV3V) lesions in mice. The elevation in blood pressure in response to angiotensin II was virtually eliminated by AV3V lesions, as was activation of circulating T cells and the vascular infiltration of leukocytes. In contrast, AV3V lesioning did not prevent the hypertension and T-cell activation caused by the peripheral acting agonist norepinephrine. To determine whether T-cell activation and vascular inflammation are attributable to central influences or are mediated by blood pressure elevation, we administered hydralazine (250 mg/L) in the drinking water. Hydralazine prevented the hypertension and abrogated the increase in circulating activated T cells and vascular infiltration of leukocytes caused by angiotensin II.Conclusions:We conclude that the central and pressor effects of angiotensin II are critical for T-cell activation and development of vascular inflammation. These findings also support a feed-forward mechanism in which modest degrees of blood pressure elevation lead to T-cell activation, which in turn promotes inflammation and further raises blood pressure, leading to severe hypertension.
Analysis of the Arctic System for Freshwater Cycle Intensification: Observations and Expectations
Authors: Rawlins Michael A. , Steele Michael , Holland Marika M. , Adam Jennifer C. , Cherry Jessica E. , Francis Jennifer A. , Groisman Pavel Ya , Hinzman Larry D. , Huntington Thomas G. , Kane Douglas L. , Kimball John S. , Kwok Ron , Lammers Richard B. , Lee Craig M. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , McDonald Kyle C. , Podest Erika , Pundsack Jonathan W. , Rudels Bert , Serreze Mark C. , Shiklomanov Alexander , Skagseth Øystein , Troy Tara J. , Vörösmarty Charles J. , Wensnahan Mark , Wood Eric F. , Woodgate Rebecca , Yang Daqing , Zhang Ke , Zhang Tingjun 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Hydrologic cycle intensification is an expected manifestation of a warming climate. Although positive trends in several global average quantities have been reported, no previous studies have documented broad intensification across elements of the Arctic freshwater cycle (FWC). In this study, the authors examine the character and quantitative significance of changes in annual precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge across the terrestrial pan-Arctic over the past several decades from observations and a suite of coupled general circulation models (GCMs). Trends in freshwater flux and storage derived from observations across the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas are also described.
With few exceptions, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge fluxes from observations and the GCMs exhibit positive trends. Significant positive trends above the 90% confidence level, however, are not present for all of the observations. Greater confidence in the GCM trends arises through lower interannual variability relative to trend magnitude. Put another way, intrinsic variability in the observations tends to limit confidence in trend robustness. Ocean fluxes are less certain, primarily because of the lack of long-term observations. Where available, salinity and volume flux data suggest some decrease in saltwater inflow to the Barents Sea (i.e., a decrease in freshwater outflow) in recent decades. A decline in freshwater storage across the central Arctic Ocean and suggestions that large-scale circulation plays a dominant role in freshwater trends raise questions as to whether Arctic Ocean freshwater flows are intensifying. Although oceanic fluxes of freshwater are highly variable and consistent trends are difficult to verify, the other components of the Arctic FWC do show consistent positive trends over recent decades. The broad-scale increases provide evidence that the Arctic FWC is experiencing intensification. Efforts that aim to develop an adequate observation system are needed to reduce uncertainties and to detect and document ongoing changes in all system components for further evidence of Arctic FWC intensification.
New mechanism for Notch signaling to endothelium at a distance by Delta-like 4 incorporation into exosomes
Authors: Sheldon Helen , Heikamp Emily , Turley Helen , Dragovic Rebecca , Thomas Peter , Oon Chern Ein , Leek Russell , Edelmann Mariola , Kessler Benedikt , Sainson Richard C. A. , Sargent Ian , Li Ji-Liang , Harris Adrian L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNotch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway that is mediated by cell-cell contact. It is involved in a variety of developmental processes and has an essential role in vascular development and angiogenesis. Delta-like 4 (Dll4) is a Notch ligand that is up-regulated during angiogenesis. It is expressed in endothelial cells and regulates the differentiation between tip cells and stalk cells of neovasculature. Here, we present evidence that Dll4 is incorporated into endothelial exosomes. It can also be incorporated into the exosomes of tumor cells that overexpress Dll4. These exosomes can transfer the Dll4 protein to other endothelial cells and incorporate it into their cell membrane, which results in an inhibition of Notch signaling and a loss of Notch receptor. Transfer of Dll4 was also shown in vivo from tumor cells to host endothelium. Addition of Dll4 exosomes confers a tip cell phenotype on the endothelial cell, which results in a high Dll4/Notch-receptor ratio, low Notch signaling, and filopodia formation. This was further evidenced by increased branching in a tube-formation assay and in vivo. This reversal in phenotype appears to enhance vessel formation and is a new form of signaling for Notch ligands that expands their signaling potential beyond cell-cell contact.
High-resolution mapping of prostaglandin E2–dependent signaling networks identifies a constitutively active PKA signaling node in CD8+CD45RO+ T cells
Authors: Oberprieler Nikolaus G. , Lemeer Simone , Kalland Maria E. , Torgersen Knut M. , Heck Albert J. R. , Taskén Kjetil 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
To analyze prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling in lymphoid cells, we introduce a multipronged strategy, combining temporal quantitative phosphoproteomics and phospho flow cytometry. We describe the PGE2-induced phosphoproteome by simultaneous monitoring of approximately 250 regulated phospho-epitopes, which, according to kinase prediction algorithms, originate from a limited number of kinase networks. Assessing these signaling pathways by phospho flow cytometry provided higher temporal resolution at various PGE2 concentrations in multiple lymphoid cell subsets. This showed elevated levels of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in unstimulated CD8+CD45RO+ T cells, which correlated with suppressed proximal T-cell receptor signaling, indicating that PKA sets the threshold for activation. The combination of phosphoproteomics and high throughput phospho flow cytometry applied here provides a comprehensive generic framework for the analysis of signaling networks in mixed cell populations.
NUP98-MLL fusion in human acute myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: Kaltenbach Sophie , Soler Gwendoline , Barin Carole , Gervais Carine , Bernard Olivier A. , Penard-Lacronique Virginie , Romana Serge P. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Posttranscriptional modifications of histones play important roles in the control of chromatin structure and transcription. H3K4 (histone H3 lysine 4) methylation by the SET domain of the trithorax-group protein MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) is important for the control of homeobox (HOX) gene expression during development. MLL is tethered to the HOXA locus through interaction of its amino-terminus with menin. MLL fusion proteins associated with human leukemia contain the menin interaction peptide and frequently recruit H3K79 (histone H3 lysine 79) methylation activity. This allows sustained expression of HOXA genes important for cellular transformation. We have characterized a novel recurrent chromosomal aberration, inv(11)(p15q23), as an isolated chromosomal abnormality in 2 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. This aberration is predicted to result in the expression of an NUP98 (nucleoporin 98 kDa)–MLL fusion protein that is unable to interact with menin. As expected, low levels of HOXA gene expression were observed in the patients' samples. This fusion protein is predicted to participate in cellular transformation by activating MLL targets other than HOXA genes.
An efficient biological pathway layout algorithm combining grid-layout and spring embedder for complicated cellular location information
Authors: Kojima Kaname , Nagasaki Masao , Miyano Satoru 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Graph drawing is one of the important techniques for understanding biological regulations in a cell or among cells at the pathway level. Among many available layout algorithms, the spring embedder algorithm is widely used not only for pathway drawing but also for circuit placement and www visualization and so on because of the harmonized appearance of its results. For pathway drawing, location information is essential for its comprehension. However, complex shapes need to be taken into account when torus-shaped location information such as nuclear inner membrane, nuclear outer membrane, and plasma membrane is considered. Unfortunately, the spring embedder algorithm cannot easily handle such information. In addition, crossings between edges and nodes are usually not considered explicitly.

Results
We proposed a new grid-layout algorithm based on the spring embedder algorithm that can handle location information and provide layouts with harmonized appearance. In grid-layout algorithms, the mapping of nodes to grid points that minimizes a cost function is searched. By imposing positional constraints on grid points, location information including complex shapes can be easily considered. Our layout algorithm includes the spring embedder cost as a component of the cost function. We further extend the layout algorithm to enable dynamic update of the positions and sizes of compartments at each step.

Conclusions
The new spring embedder-based grid-layout algorithm and a spring embedder algorithm are applied to three biological pathways; endothelial cell model, Fas-induced apoptosis model, and C. elegans cell fate simulation model. From the positional constraints, all the results of our algorithm satisfy location information, and hence, more comprehensible layouts are obtained as compared to the spring embedder algorithm. From the comparison of the number of crossings, the results of the grid-layout-based algorithm tend to contain more crossings than those of the spring embedder algorithm due to the positional constraints. For a fair comparison, we also apply our proposed method without positional constraints. This comparison shows that these results contain less crossings than those of the spring embedder algorithm. We also compared layouts of the proposed algorithm with and without compartment update and verified that latter can reach better local optima.
Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods
Authors: Rigano Luciano A , Marano María R , Castagnaro Atilio P , Do Amaral Alexandre Morais , Vojnov Adrian A 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundCitrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B, and C that have different genotypes and posses variation in host range within citrus species. The causative agent for type A CBC isXanthomonas citrisubsp.citri, whileXanthomonas fuscanssubsp.aurantifolii, strain B causes type B CBC andXanthomonas fuscanssubsp.aurantifoliistrain C causes CBC type C. The early and accurate identification of those bacteria is essential for the protection of the citrus industry. Detection methods based on bacterial isolation, antibodies or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed previously; however, these approaches may be time consuming, laborious and, in the case of PCR, it requires expensive laboratory equipment. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is a novel isothermal DNA amplification technique, is sensitive, specific, fast and requires no specialized laboratory equipment.ResultsA loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC-LAMP) was developed and evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from infected plants or cultured bacteria. A typical ladder-like pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed in all positive samples in contrast to the negative controls. In addition, amplification products were detected by visual inspection using SYBRGreen and using a lateral flow dipstick, eliminating the need for gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated in different conditions and using several sample sources which included purified DNA, bacterium culture and infected plant tissue. The sensitivity of the CBC-LAMP was 10 fg of pureXccDNA, 5 CFU in culture samples and 18 CFU in samples of infected plant tissue. No cross reaction was observed with DNA of other phytopathogenic bacteria. The assay was capable of detecting CBC-causing strains from several geographical origins and pathotypes.ConclusionsThe CBC-LAMP technique is a simple, fast, sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker. This method can be useful in the phytosanitary programs of the citrus industry worldwide.
Plant neighbor identity influences plant biochemistry and physiology related to defense
Authors: Broz Amanda K , Broeckling Corey D , De-la-Peña Clelia , Lewis Matthew R , Greene Erick , Callaway Ragan M , Sumner Lloyd W , Vivanco Jorge M 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Chemical and biological processes dictate an individual organism's ability to recognize and respond to other organisms. A small but growing body of evidence suggests that plants may be capable of recognizing and responding to neighboring plants in a species specific fashion. Here we tested whether or not individuals of the invasive exotic weed, Centaurea maculosa, would modulate their defensive strategy in response to different plant neighbors.

Results
In the greenhouse, C. maculosa individuals were paired with either conspecific (C. maculosa) or heterospecific (Festuca idahoensis) plant neighbors and elicited with the plant defense signaling molecule methyl jasmonate to mimic insect herbivory. We found that elicited C. maculosa plants grown with conspecific neighbors exhibited increased levels of total phenolics, whereas those grown with heterospecific neighbors allocated more resources towards growth. To further investigate these results in the field, we conducted a metabolomics analysis to explore chemical differences between individuals of C. maculosa growing in naturally occurring conspecific and heterospecific field stands. Similar to the greenhouse results, C. maculosa individuals accumulated higher levels of defense-related secondary metabolites and lower levels of primary metabolites when growing in conspecific versus heterospecific field stands. Leaf herbivory was similar in both stand types; however, a separate field study positively correlated specialist herbivore load with higher densities of C. maculosa conspecifics.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that an individual C. maculosa plant can change its defensive strategy based on the identity of its plant neighbors. This is likely to have important consequences for individual and community success.