bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory fitness has declined among French children since 1999, although the decline appears to be getting smaller
Authors: Vanhelst Jérémy , Lang Justin J. , Matelot David , Carré François , Mercier Daniel , Ulmer Zékya , Oppert Jean‐Michel , Baquet Georges , Berthoin Serge , Fillon Alicia , Béghin Laurent , Tomkinson Grant R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong marker of current and future health. The aim of this study was to assess the national temporal trends in CRF for French children and adolescents between 1999 and 2022.MethodsCRF data were obtained from several cross‐sectional studies on 15 420 (51.1% boys) French children and adolescents aged 9–16 years between 1999 and 2022. The 20‐m shuttle run test (20mSRT) estimated CRF. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and body mass, with BMI z‐scores (BMIz) calculated using WHO growth curves. The 20mSRT results were corrected for protocol and converted to z‐scores (20mSRTz) using international sex‐ and age‐specific norms. With additional adjustment for BMIz, temporal trends in mean 20mSRT performance (20mSRTz) were estimated using linear regression, with the distance max (Dmax) method used to locate a breakpoint and linear segments fitted to points below and above the breakpoint. Trends in distributional characteristics were assessed visually and described as the ratio of the coefficients of variation (CVs).ResultsAfter adjustment for protocol, age, sex, and BMIz, a large decline in mean 20mSRT performance (trend per decade (95% CI): −1.42 SDs (−1.45, −1.39) or −18.4% (95% CI: −18.8, −18.0)) between 1999 and 2022 was found. Dmax located a breakpoint for the two‐linear‐segment model in year 2010. There was a large decline in mean 20mSRT performance pre‐2010 (trend per decade (95% CI): −2.31 SDs (−2.39, −2.24)), which reduced 0.06‐fold to a negligible decline post‐2010 (trend per decade (95% CI): –0.15 SD (−0.20, −0.10)). We also found that the trend in mean 20mSRT performance was not uniform across the population distribution. Between 1999 and 2022, there was a small trend in distributional asymmetry, with slightly smaller declines experienced by the high performers (above the 75th percentile).ConclusionsOur data suggest a large decline in the 20mSRT performance of French children and adolescents since 1999. This declining trend seems to have diminished considerably since 2010. Such declines in CRF could translate into declines in health status. Although a slowing in the declining trend in CRF in recent years is encouraging, more data are needed to confirm these findings.
Coronatine orchestrates ABI1‐mediated stomatal opening to facilitate bacterial pathogen infection through importin β protein SAD2
Authors: Liu Lu , Liu Yanzhi , Ji Xuehan , Zhao Xia , Liu Jun , Xu Ning 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYStomatal immunity plays an important role during bacterial pathogen invasion. Abscisic acid (ABA) induces plants to close their stomata and halt pathogen invasion, but many bacterial pathogens secrete phytotoxin coronatine (COR) to antagonize ABA signaling and reopen the stomata to promote infection at early stage of invasion. However, the underlining mechanism is not clear. SAD2 is an importin β family protein, and the sad2 mutant shows hypersensitivity to ABA. We discovered ABI1, which negatively regulated ABA signaling and reduced plant sensitivity to ABA, was accumulated in the plant nucleus after COR treatment. This event required SAD2 to import ABI1 to the plant nucleus. Abolition of SAD2 undermined ABI1 accumulation. Our study answers the long‐standing question of how bacterial COR antagonizes ABA signaling and reopens plant stomata during pathogen invasion.
Detecting learning from importing: The effect of importing behaviour on R&D expenditures of Chinese firms
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Yi Jingtao , Huang Jinchao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe argue that importing stimulates firms' learning‐based R&D activities in the present and future periods. Our theory predicts that the strength of the learning effect depends on the type of imported materials, the industries, and the import destination. Using a dataset on Chinese manufacturing firms covering the episode of China's WTO accession, we employ the multiple‐treatment propensity matching difference‐in‐differences method and find evidence supporting our hypotheses: (1) importing capital goods stimulates more R&D expenditures than importing intermediates; (2) R&D intensity increases more for capital goods importers in capital‐intensive industries than those in labor‐intensive industries; and (3) importers increase R&D intensity more by importing from high‐income countries than low‐income countries.
Practical considerations for continuous glucose monitoring in elite athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review
Authors: Brar Gurneet , Carmody Sean , Lumb Alistair , Shafik Andrew , Bright Chris , Andrews Robert C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) refers to a metabolic condition where a lack of insulin impairs the usual homeostatic mechanisms to control blood glucose levels. Historically, participation in competitive sport has posed a challenge for those with T1DM, where the dynamic changes in blood glucose during exercise can result in dangerously high (hyperglycaemia) or low blood glucoses (hypoglycaemia) levels. Over the last decade, research and technological development has enhanced the methods of monitoring and managing blood glucose levels, thus reducing the chances of experiencing hyper‐ or hypoglycaemia during exercise. The introduction of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems means that glucose can be monitored conveniently, without the need for frequent fingerpick glucose checks. CGM devices include a fine sensor inserted under the skin, measuring levels of glucose in the interstitial fluid. Readings can be synchronized to a reader or mobile phone app as often as every 1–5 min. Use of CGM devices is associated with lower HbA1c and a reduction in hypoglycaemic events, promoting overall health and athletic performance. However, there are limitations to CGM, which must be considered when being used by an athlete with T1DM. These limitations can be addressed by individualized education plans, using protective equipment to prevent sensor dislodgement, as well as further research aiming to: (i) account for disparities between CGM and true blood glucose levels during vigorous exercise; (ii) investigate the effects of temperature and altitude on CGM accuracy, and (iii) explore of the sociological impact of CGM use amongst sportspeople without diabetes on those with T1DM.
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Isotemporal Substitution Modeling on Sedentary Behaviors and Physical Activity With Mortality Among People With Different Diabetes Statuses: A Prospective Cohort Study From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis 2007–2018
Authors: Chen Zhaojun , Cai Lishan , Qin Qianni , Li Xiang , Lu Shaoyou , Sun Litao , Zhang Yang , Qi Lu , Zhou Tao 
Published: April 2024

Background: To assess the associations of replacing sedentary behavior with different types of physical activity with mortality among the US adults of varying diabetes statuses. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 21,637 participants (mean age, 48.5 y) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018. Physical activity including leisure-time moderate-vigorous-intensity activity (MVPA), walking/bicycling, worktime MVPA, and sedentary behavior. We conducted an isotemporal substitution analysis using Cox regression to estimate the associations between replacements and mortality risks. Results: We found significant protective associations between replacing 30 minutes per day sedentary behavior with 3 types of physical activity and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk (except worktime MVPA for CVD mortality) among total participants, with hazard ratio (HR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) ranging from 0.86 (0.77–0.95) to 0.96 (0.94–0.98). Among participants with diagnosed diabetes, replacing sedentary behavior with leisure-time MVPA was associated with a lower all-cause mortality risk (HR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.70–0.94), which was also observed in other subgroups, with HRs (95% CI) ranging from 0.87 (0.80–0.94) to 0.89 (0.81–0.99). Among those with prediabetes/undiagnosed diabetes, replacing sedentary behavior with walking/bicycling was associated with lower CVD mortality risk, and replacement to work-time MVPA was associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality risk, with HRs (95% CI) ranging from 0.72 (0.63–0.83) to 0.96 (0.92–0.99). Conclusions: Replacing sedentary behaviors with 30 minutes per day leisure-time MVPA was associated with lower all-cause mortality, regardless of diabetes statuses. Among people with prediabetes/undiagnosed diabetes, walking/bicycling was additionally associated with lower CVD mortality, and worktime MVPA was associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality.
A 5-Week Guided Active Play Program Modulates Skin Microvascular Reactivity in Healthy Children
Authors: Moghaddaszadeh Asal , Roudier Emilie , Edgell Heather , Vinet Agnes , Belcastro Angelo N. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Children’s poor levels of physical activity (PA) participation and early-onset vascular aging are identified as global health challenges. Children’s guided activity play (GAP)-based PA programs have emerged as effective strategies to improve cardiovascular risk factors and health-related fitness. This study proposes to investigate whether GAP improves children’s cutaneous microvascular reactivity and health-related fitness. Methods: Children’s (n = 18; 9.8 [1.5] y) PA during a 5-week (4 d/wk; 1 h/d) GAP program was assessed (accelerometry) with preassessments and postassessments for anthropometric, musculoskeletal fitness, blood pressure, estimated aerobic power, and cutaneous microvascular reactivity. Results: PA averaged 556 (132) kcal·week−1 at 34.7% (7.5%) time at moderate to vigorous intensity. Resting heart rate (−9.5%) and diastolic blood pressure (−7.8%) were reduced without changes in health-related fitness indices. Cutaneous microvascular reactivity to sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis increased the average perfusion (+36.8%), average cutaneous vascular conductance (+30%), the area under the curve (+28.8%), and a faster rise phase (+40%) of perfusion (quadratic modeling; P ≤ .05). Chi-square and crosstabulation analysis revealed significant association between children’s PA levels and sodium nitroprusside average perfusion levels, where children with PA levels ≥205.1 kcal.55 minute−1 were overrepresented in the medium/high levels of sodium nitroprusside perfusion. Conclusion: A 5-week GAP modified the microvascular reactivity in children without changes in body mass, musculoskeletal fitness, or estimated aerobic power.
Whole-genome sequencing of
Chromobacterium subtsugae
strains exhibiting toxicity to
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Clark Madison M. , Broderick Nichole A. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Chromobacterium subtsugae
exhibits toxicity to
Drosophila melanogaster
, providing a new infection model to study host homeostasis. Previous studies using pathogen models have proven to be a useful tool to understand host physiology. Here, we report on the whole-genome sequences of these microbes obtained from short and long reads.
Draft genome sequences for four isolates of the hemp (
Cannabis sativa
) fungal pathogen
Neofusicoccum parvum
Authors: Zima Hannah V. , Dhillon Braham , Feng Chunda , Liu Bo , Villarroel-Zeballos Maria I. , Bluhm Burt H. , Correll James C. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Four isolates of
Neofusicoccum parvum
, collected from diseased hemp (
Cannabis sativa
) plants over a period of 2 years and shown to be pathogenic on
C. sativa,
were examined in this study. Their genome sizes ranged between 42.8 and 44.4 Mb, with 16,499 ± 72 predicted genes across the four isolates.
Cost-effectiveness of methenamine hippurate compared with antibiotic prophylaxis for the management of recurrent urinary tract infections in secondary care: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial
Authors: King William , Homer Tara , Harding Chris , Mossop Helen , Chadwick Thomas , Abouhajar Alaa , Vale Luke 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo estimate the cost-effectiveness of methenamine hippurate compared with antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of recurrent urinary tract infections.DesignMulticentre, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial.SettingEight centres in the UK, recruiting from June 2016 to June 2018.ParticipantsWomen aged ≥18 years with recurrent urinary tract infections, requiring prophylactic treatment.InterventionsWomen were randomised to receive once-daily antibiotic prophylaxis or twice-daily methenamine hippurate for 12 months. Treatment allocation was not masked and crossover between arms was allowed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary economic outcome was the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained at 18 months. All costs were collected from a UK National Health Service perspective. QALYs were estimated based on responses to the EQ-5D-5L administered at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. Incremental costs and QALYs were estimated using an adjusted analysis which controlled for observed and unobserved characteristics. Stochastic sensitivity analysis was used to illustrate uncertainty on a cost-effectiveness plane and a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. A sensitivity analysis, not specified in the protocol, considered the costs associated with antibiotic resistance.ResultsData on 205 participants were included in the economic analysis. On average, methenamine hippurate was less costly (−£40; 95% CI: −684 to 603) and more effective (0.014 QALYs; 95% CI: −0.05 to 0.07) than antibiotic prophylaxis. Over the range of values considered for an additional QALY, the probability of methenamine hippurate being considered cost-effective ranged from 51% to 67%.ConclusionsOn average, methenamine hippurate was less costly and more effective than antibiotic prophylaxis but these results are subject to uncertainty. Methenamine hippurate is more likely to be considered cost-effective when the benefits of reduced antibiotic use were included in the analysis.Trial registration numberISRCTN70219762.
Prevalence and predictors of workplace sexual harassment of nurses in the Central Region of Ghana: a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Mohammed Aliu , Ansah Edward Wilson , Apaak Daniel 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveWe investigated the prevalence and predictors of workplace sexual harassment against nurses in the Central Region of Ghana.DesignA cross-sectional online survey.SettingCentral Region of Ghana.ParticipantsA total of 1494 male and female nurses from various healthcare facilities in the Central Region participated in this survey from August to September 2021.Main outcome measuresThe prevalence of sexual harassment was determined using the Sexual Experiences Questionnaires and the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Questionnaires. We used descriptive statistics to analyse participants’ characteristics and the occurrence of sexual harassment. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of sexual harassment. The survey instrument yielded a reliability value of 0.82.ResultsThe prevalence of sexual harassment was 43.6% when behaviour-based questions were applied and 22.6% when a direct question was used. The main perpetrators of sexual harassment were male physicians (20.2%), male nurses (15.4%), male relatives of patients (15.1%) and male patients (11.6%). Unfortunately, only a few victims lodged complaints of harassment. Compared with males, female nurses were more likely to be sexually harassed (adjusted OR, aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.07). Moreover, nurses with higher work experience (aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.93), those married (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.72) and those working in private or mission/Christian Health Association of Ghana health facilities (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.68) were less likely to be sexually harassed.ConclusionsThe prevalence of workplace sexual harassment against nurses in the Central Region of Ghana is high and may compromise quality healthcare delivery in the region. Therefore, managers of healthcare facilities and the Ghana Health Service need to institute antisexual harassment interventions, including education, training and policy, with a focus on females in general, but especially those who are not married, less experienced and those working in public health facilities.
COVID-19 vaccine coverage, determinants and inequity amongst refugees and migrants in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Padhani Zahra Ali , Rahman Abdu R , Lakhani Sohail , Yasin Rahima , Khan Maryam Hameed , Mirani Mushtaque , Jamali Muhammad , Ali Khan Zahid , Khatoon Sana , Partab Riya , ul Haq Atta , Kampalath Vinay , Hosseinalipour Seyed-Moeen , Blanchet Karl , Das Jai K 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveMigrants and refugees are at a disadvantage in accessing basic necessities. The objective of this study is to assess the inequity in access, needs and determinants of COVID-19 vaccination among refugees and migrant populations in Pakistan.DesignWe conducted a mixed-method study comprising a cross-sectional survey and a qualitative study. In this paper, we will only report the findings from the cross-sectional survey.SettingThis survey was conducted in different cities of Pakistan including Quetta, Karachi and Hyderabad.ParticipantsA total of 570 participants were surveyed including refugees and migrants, both in regular and irregular situations.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the study was to estimate the proportion of refugees and migrants, both in regular and irregular situations vaccinated against COVID-19 and assess the inequity. The χ2test and Fisher’s exact test were used to determine the significant differences in proportions between refugees and migrants and between regions.ResultsThe survey showed that only 26.9% of the refugee and migrant population were tested for COVID-19, 4.56% contracted coronavirus, and 3.85% were hospitalised due to COVID-19. About 66% of the refugees and migrants were fully vaccinated including those who received the single-dose vaccine or received all two doses, and 17.6% were partially vaccinated. Despite vaccination campaigns by the government, 14.4% of the refugee and migrant population remained unvaccinated mostly because of vaccines not being offered, distant vaccination sites, limited access, unavailability of COVID-19 vaccine or due to a difficult registration process. Vaccination rates varied across provinces, genders and migrant populations due to misconceptions, and several social, cultural and geographical barriers.ConclusionThis study highlights the COVID-19 vaccine coverage, access and inequity faced by refugees and migrants during the pandemic. It suggests early prioritisation of policies inclusive of all refugees and migrants and the provision of identification documents to ease access to basic necessities.
Functional outcomes of bowel resection versus shaving or disc excision of colorectal endometriosis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Qian William , Gauci Chahaya , Chaudhri Kanika , Lung Thomas , Mohtashami Ali 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionEndometriosis is a prevalent gynaecological condition for women of reproductive age worldwide. While endometriosis primarily involves the reproductive system, it can also infiltrate additional viscera such as the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with colorectal endometriosis can have severe symptoms that require surgical intervention. There are limited data available to guide the choice of resection technique based on the functional outcomes of bowel resection versus shaving or disc excision in treating colorectal endometriosis. This protocol aims to outline the methods that will be used in a systematic review of the literature comparing the functional outcomes of bowel resection to shaving and disc excision when surgically treating colorectal endometriosis.Methods and analysisPapers will be identified through database searches, scanning reference lists of relevant studies and citation searching of key papers. Two independent reviewers will screen studies against eligibility criteria and extract data using standardised forms. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane will be searched from the beginning of each database until February 2024. The primary outcome is comparing the functional bowel outcomes between the different methods of surgical treatment. Secondary outcome will be quality of life, based on the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome score and the incidence of postoperative pain. A meta-analysis will be performed if the data are homogenous.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethics approval. The results of the systematic review described within this protocol will be disseminated through presentations at relevant conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The methods will be used to inform future reviews.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023461711.
The first in-beam reaction measurement at CRYRING@ESR using the CARME array
Authors: Marsh Jordan J. , Bruno Carlo G. , Davinson Thomas , Woods Philip J. , Andelkovic Zoran , Bräuning-Demian Angela , Chen Rui-Jui , Dellmann Sophia F. , Erbacher Phillip , Fedotova Svetlana , Forstner Oliver , Freire-Fernandez David , Glorius Jan , Gumberidze Alexandre , Hall Oscar , Hillenbrand Pierre-Michel , Herfurth Frank , Hudson-Chang George , Kalinin Anton , Lestinsky Michael , Litvinov Yuri A. , Menz Esther B. , Nociforo Chiara , Petridis Nikolaos , Psaltis Athanasios , Sanjari Shahab , Selina Mariia , Spillman Uwe , Sidhu Ragandeep S. , Stöhlker Thomas , Varga Laszlo , Vorobjev Gleb 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the last decade nuclear reaction measurements using heavy ion storage rings became an important tool for nuclear astrophysics studies. The new CRYRING Array for Reaction MEasurements (CARME), recently commissioned at the low energy CRYRING@ESR storage ring (GSI/FAIR), is designed to take this novel approach one step further and perform direct nuclear reaction measurements at stellar energies, as well as indirect studies of nuclear properties of interest for nuclear astrophysics. CRYRING is unique worldwide in being able to store high quality, isotopically pure, radioactive beams produced in-flight at the low energies required for nuclear astrophysics. This paper describes the first in-beam reaction measurement with CARME at CRYRING, the first beam on (conventional) target measurement for FAIR Phase-0, and the data analysis approach required by this unprecedented, unique experimental approach.