bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of grid resolution on the integrated and distributed response of a coupled surface–subsurface hydrological model for the des Anglais catchment, Quebec
Authors: Sulis Mauro , Paniconi Claudio , Camporese Matteo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDigital elevation models (DEMs) at different resolutions (180, 360, and 720 m) are used to examine the impact of different levels of landscape representation on the hydrological response of a 690‐km2 catchment in southern Quebec. Frequency distributions of local slope, plan curvature, and drainage area are calculated for each grid size resolution. This landscape analysis reveals that DEM grid size significantly affects computed topographic attributes, which in turn explains some of the differences in the hydrological simulations. The simulations that are then carried out, using a coupled, process‐based model of surface and subsurface flow, examine the effects of grid size on both the integrated response of the catchment (discharge at the main outlet and at two internal points) and the distributed response (water table depth, surface saturation, and soil water storage). The results indicate that discharge volumes increase as the DEM is coarsened, and that coarser DEMs are also wetter overall in terms of water table depth and soil water storage. The reasons for these trends include an increase in the total drainage area of the catchment for larger DEM cell sizes, due to aggregation effects at the boundary cells of the catchment, and to a decrease in local slope and plan curvature variations, which in turn limits the capacity of the watershed to transmit water downslope and laterally. The results obtained also show that grid resolution effects are less pronounced during dry periods when soil moisture dynamics are mostly controlled by vertical fluxes of evaporation and percolation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential use of microbial community investigations to analyse hydrothermal systems behaviour: the case of Ischia Island, Southern Italy
Authors: Bucci Antonio , Naclerio Gino , Allocca Vincenzo , Celico Pietro , Celico Fulvio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Ischia hydrothermal system was analysed through hydrogeological and microbial community investigations. Mesophilic communities were detected in two cold springs, suggesting a negligible influence of thermal circuits in freshwater sub‐systems which are mainly or only fed by local precipitations. Thermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria were detected in two wells, according to higher water temperatures (61 and 85 °C), even if the two communities show significant differences. In one well, thermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria are associated with strains belonging to ε‐Proteobacteria isolated in different sulphur‐rich carbonate environments. This association suggests a greater influence on ascending hot fluids that interact with the carbonate basement of volcanic rocks. In the other well, thermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria are associated with strains isolated in cold hypersaline environments or in aquatic habitats where terrestrial and marine components are coupled. This association supports the fact that seawater intrusion can affect this part of Ischia, according to results of hydrogeological and geochemical surveys. Differences in groundwater temperature and bacterial communities are probably mainly due to differences in permeability between volcanic rocks and differences in hydrogeologic behaviour between faults in the upper carbonate basement, above the deep magma chamber, that influence relationships between ascending hot fluids and local recharge. This study contributes to discussion of the reliability of the actual behaviour models of the Ischia system, based on the results of geochemical and isotopic investigations, and, in a wider context, it shows that microbial community investigations may be a valuable supplementary tool for analysing hydrothermal system behaviour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smooth muscle phenotypic diversity is mediated through alterations in Myocardin gene splicing
Authors: Ilagan Roger M. , Genheimer Christopher W. , Quinlan Sarah F. , Guthrie Kelly I. , Sangha Namrata , Ramachandrannair Sajini , Kelley Rusty W. , Presnell Sharon C. , Basu Joydeep , Ludlow John W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMyocardin (MYOCD) is a smooth and cardiac muscle‐specific transcriptional coactivator that is required for the proper expression of contraction‐related genes. Through its function to transactivate effector genes, MYOCD plays an essential role in mediating the switch between contractile and non‐contractile phenotypes, particularly in smooth muscle cells (SMC). There are at least two known transcript variants of MYOCD that are expressed in SMC, differing only by the presence (+) or absence (Δ) of Exon 11. To date, no functional role has been assigned to the domain encoded by Exon 11, nor have any notable differences between the ability of each isoform to activate contraction‐related genes been observed. In this study we compared sequences for Exon 11 among several mammalian species and identified a highly conserved, putative target sequence for glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) phosphorylation, suggesting a regulatory role for Exon 11 that can be modulated by alternative splicing. The function of Exon 11 was investigated by altering MYOCD splice selection in cultured porcine SMC with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and specific chemical inhibitors, resulting in a relative increase in expression of ΔExon 11 variants in the endogenous pool of MYOCD mRNA. The relative increase in ΔExon 11 mRNAs correlated with a reduction of contractile phenotype in the porcine SMC as evidenced by morphological assessment and molecular analysis of effector genes. Together, these data suggest that MYOCD ΔExon 11 may participate in modulating SMC phenotype, potentially acting as a dominant‐negative repressor of contraction‐related genes. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2702–2711, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between the chondrocyte phenotype and the expression of adipokines and their receptors: Evidence for a role of leptin but not adiponectin in the expression of cartilage‐specific markers
Authors: Francin Pierre‐Jean , Guillaume Cécile , Humbert Anne‐Claude , Pottie Pascale , Netter Patrick , Mainard Didier , Presle Nathalie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlthough extensive evidence support the key role of adipokines in cartilage homeostasis, contradictory data have been found for their expression and their effects in chondrocytes. This study was then undertaken to determine whether a phenotypic modulation may affect the expression of adipokines and their receptors in human chondrocytes. The expression of leptin, adiponectin and their receptors, as well as cartilage‐specific genes was examined in chondrocytes obtained from patients with osteoarthritis either directly after cells harvest or after culture in monolayer or in alginate beads. The results showed major changes in the gene expression pattern after culture in monolayer with a shift from the adipokines to their receptors. Interestingly, this downregulation of adipokines was associated with a loss of chondrocyte phenotype, and chondrocytes recovered a cartilage‐like expression profile of leptin and adiponectin when cultured in a tridimensional chondrocyte phenotype‐inducing system, but ceased expressing their receptors. Further experiments clearly showed that leptin but not adiponectin promoted the expression of cartilage‐specific markers through mitogen‐activated protein kinase, Janus kinase and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase signaling pathways. In conclusion, our data indicate that any phenotypic modulation could affect chondrocyte responsiveness to leptin or adiponectin, and provide evidence for an important role for leptin in regulating the expression of cartilage‐specific markers. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2790–2797, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model for the evaluation of root wear by histometric analysis
Authors: José Pimentel Lopes de Oliveira Guilherme , Silveira Faeda Rafael , Marcantonio Elcio , Chiérici Marcantonio Rosemary Adriana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:Knowledge of the wear to the root surface caused by different instruments is essential in the choice of the type of tool used in relation to the phase of periodontal treatment which the patient is undergoing.Purpose:The objective of this study was to present a new methodology for evaluating tooth wear produced by the instrumentation of the root surface.Study Design:The present study used five teeth, the proximals of which were divided in three regions: coronal, median, and an apical. The coronal region was scaled with a curette, the apical region was irradiated with the Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium‐Scandium‐Gallium‐Garnet laser (Er,Cr:YSGG laser) and the medial region was left untreated, which served as control. The teeth underwent a histological process and were analyzed histometrically. The t test (P < 0.05) was used to analyze the root wear.Results:The regions that were irradiated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser presented less wear (113.37 ± 32.94 μm) in comparison to the regions that were scaled with manual curettes (169.83 ± 24.76 μm) (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The methodology proposed was efficient in the measurement of the wear caused by the root instrumentation and proved easy to execute, easy to reproduce, and of low cost and with high calibration accuracy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant coagulation factor VIIa labelled with the fac‐99 mTc(CO)3‐core: synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a putative new radiopharmaceutical for imaging in acute bleeding lesion
Authors: Madsen Jacob , Kristensen Jesper B. , Olsen Ole H. , Christoffersen Carsten L. , Petersen Lars C. , Tranholm Mikael , Kjaer Andreas , Hesse Birger 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCoagulation in blood is initiated when coagulation factor VII (FVII) binds to exposed TF and is activated to FVIIa, and the TF/FVIIa complex may therefore provide a marker of vascular injury potentially applicable in diagnostic imaging of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Methods: Recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa) was radiolabeled with technetium‐99 m in a direct labeling reaction using the ‘carbonyl approach’ using the IsoLink® carbonyl labeling agent. The properties of 99 mTc(CO)3‐rFVIIa complex was analyzed by TCA precipitation, HPLC and FVIIa functional integrity was tested in in vitro assays. Results: Labeling of rFVIIa was possible without tagging with a chelater. Incorporation of radioactivity depended strongly on rFVIIa concentration and temperature. More than 95% incorporation was achieved after 30 min at 45°C with 0.76 mg/ml rFVIIa. 99 mTc(CO)3‐rFVIIa was obtained in 46% radiochemical yield and in >95% radiochemical purity. Pull down experiments showed that the biological activity (binding to tissue factor and to anti‐FVII antibody) of the radiolabelled product remained intact in the formulation mixture as well as in human serum. By computer modeling analysis, two candidate sites for stabilizing the 99 mTc(CO)‐ligand structure in FVIIa were identified. Conclusion: Radiolabelled rFVIIa derivatives may represent a novel tool for the diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal bleeding lesions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic approach of the difference in hydrolysis rate between the 2‐ and 4‐isomers of no‐carrier‐added [18F]fluoromethyl‐L‐phenylalanine
Authors: Kersemans Ken , Mertens John , De Proft Frank , Geerlings Paul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNo‐carrier‐added (n.c.a.) 2‐[18F]fluoromethyl‐l‐phenylalanine (2‐[18F]FMP) was found to be very sensitive to hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. In this paper, the defluorination reaction was studied in detail to elucidate its mechanism. Therefore, besides 2‐[18F]FMP and 4‐[18F]FMP, 2‐[18F]fluoromethyl‐phenethylamine (2‐[18F]FMPAM) and 4‐[18F]FMPAM were synthesized, both ‘mimetic’ molecules of the decarboxylated amino acid analogues. Radiosynthesis, using a customized Scintomics automatic synthesis hotboxthreemodule, resulted in a high overall yield and a radiochemical purity of >99%. The defluorination rates of all compounds were studied by HPLC. The defluorination rate of 2‐[18F]FMLP at 50°C was approximately 300 times faster than that of n.c.a. 4‐[18F]FMLP. The defluorination rate of 2‐[18F]FMPAM is somewhat lower than of 2‐[18F]FMP but still very high in comparison with 4‐[18F]FMPAM, which is virtually stable. It allowed to elucidate the reaction mechanism ruled by two distinct intramolecular interactions. First, the hydrogen bond interaction between the amine and the benzylic fluorine weakening the carbon–fluorine bond. Secondly, the formation of a second hydrogen bond between the carboxyl oxygen atom and one of the benzylic hydrogen atoms rendering the benzyl fluoride group even more susceptible to hydrolysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI of inducible P‐selectin expression in human activated platelets involved in the early stages of atherosclerosis
Authors: Jacobin‐Valat Marie‐Josée , Deramchia Kamel , Mornet Stéphane , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Bonetto Stéphane , Robert Rémy , Biran Marc , Massot Philippe , Miraux Sylvain , Sanchez Stéphane , Bouzier‐Sore Anne‐Karine , Franconi Jean‐Michel , Duguet Etienne , Clofent‐Sanchez Gisèle 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe noninvasive imaging of atherosclerotic plaques at an early stage of atherogenesis remains a major challenge for the evaluation of the pathologic state of patients at high risk of acute coronary syndromes. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of platelet–endothelial cell interactions in atherosclerosis‐prone arteries at early stages, and the prominent role of P‐selectin in the initial loose contact between platelets and diseased vessel walls. A specific MR contrast agent was developed here for the targeting, with high affinity, of P‐selectin expressed in large amounts on activated platelets and endothelial cells. For this purpose, PEGylated dextran/iron oxide nanoparticles [PEG, poly(ethylene glycol)], named versatile ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (VUSPIO) particles, labeled with rhodamine were coupled to an anti‐human P‐selectin antibody (VH10). Flow cytometry and microscopy experiments on human activated platelets were highly correlated with MRI (performed at 4.7 and 0.2 T), with a 50% signal decrease in T2 and T1 values corresponding to the strong labeling of activated vs resting platelets. The number of 1000 VH10–VUSPIO nanoparticles attained per activated platelet appeared to be optimal for the detection of hypo‐ and hyper‐signals in the platelet pellet on T2‐ and T1‐weighted MRI. Furthermore, in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE mice at 4.7 T showed a spatial resolution adapted to the imaging of intimal thickening and a hypo‐signal at 4.7 T, as a result of the accumulation of VH10–VUSPIO nanoparticles in the plaque. Our work provides support for the further assessment of the use of VH10–VUSPIO nanoparticles as a promising imaging modality able to identify the early stages of atherosclerosis with regard to the pertinence of both the target and the antibody‐conjugated contrast agent used. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 2D‐based approach to guaranteed cost repetitive control for uncertain discrete‐time systems
Authors: Chen Wentao , Zhang Weidong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐dimensional (2 D)‐based approach to the problem of guaranteed cost repetitive control for uncertain discrete‐time systems. The objective is to design a control law such that the closed‐loop repetitive control system is robustly stable and a certain bound of performance criteria is guaranteed for all admissible uncertainties. It is shown first how the proposed repetitive control scheme can be equivalently formulated in the form of a distinct class of 2 D system. Then, sufficient conditions for the existence of guaranteed cost control law are derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI), and the control law matrices are characterized by the feasible solutions to this LMI. Moreover, an optimization problem is introduced to efficiently solve the optimal guaranteed cost control law by minimizing the upper bound of the cost function. The proposed approach is applicable not only to SISO systems, but also to MIMO systems. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller design procedures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mit siRNA gegen Hepatitis C?
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIm Januar 2010 erschien ein Artikel in der renommierten Fachzeitschrift Science, in dem ein ganz neuer Ansatz gegen Hepatitis‐C‐Viren verfolgt wurde: Statt ein virus‐spezifisches Enzym zu attackieren, wurde eine kleine wirtsspezifische miRNA inhibiert. Bei chronisch infizierten Schimpansen war der Ansatz erfolgreich. Doch was ist die Ratio dahinter?
Diagnostik und Klinik der Infektion mit Hepatitis‐A‐ und Hepatitis‐E‐Viren. Übertragung durch Trinkwasser und Lebensmittel
Authors: Benckert Julia , Berg Thomas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie Hepatitis A wird vor allem durch kontaminiertes Trinkwasser und Lebensmittel übertragen. Die Erkrankung verläuft bei Kindern meist asymptomatisch. Bei Erwaschenen kommt es jedoch oft zu den typischen Symptomen Ikterus und Abgeschlagenheit. Schwere Verläufe bis hin zu Leberversagen treten selten, insbesondere jedoch bei Patienten mit vorbestehenden chronischen Lebererkrankungen auf. Eine spezifische Therapie existiert nicht. Jedoch steht eine effektive Impfung zur Verfügung, die für Risikogruppen empfohlen ist. Wie die Hepatitis A wird auch die akute Hepatitis E in Endemiegebieten fäkal‐oral übertragen. In Industrieländern werden zunehmend autochthone Infektionen mit HEV‐Genotyp 3 durch am ehesten zoonotische Übertragung diagnostiziert. Besondere Bedeutung erhält die Erkrankungen bei Schwangeren, bei denen vermehrt schwere Verläufe mit Leberversagen auftreten können. Bei Patienten nach Transplantationen sind zudem jüngst chronische Verläufe der Hepatitis E beschrieben worden.
Klinik und Diagnostik der Hepatitiden B, C und D. Akuter oder chronischer Verlauf?
Authors: Jochum Christoph , Gerken Guido 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie Klinik der Virushepatitiden B, C und D ist ähnlich, bei der akuten Infektion reicht sie von völlig asymptomatischem bis zu schwerem ikterischen Verlauf mit in seltenen Fällen auftretendem Leberversagen. Dabei verläuft die akute Hepatitis D schwerer und die akute Hepatitis C leichter. Die chronische Virushepatitis ist durch geringe oder nur wenige Symptome gekennzeichnet, vor allem Müdigkeit und Oberbauchschmerzen stehen im Vordergrund. In einem Teil der Patienten entwickeln sich über die Zeit Symptome des fortgeschrittenen Leberschadens und der Zirrhose.Die Diagnose der Hepatitis B wird durch den Nachweis des HBsAg gestellt, die der Hepatitis D durch das Anti‐HDV. Die Hepatitis C wird durch die Virus‐RNA diagnostiziert, als Screeningtest eignet sich das Anti‐HCV. Zum Verlauf wird bei der Hepatitis B die HBV‐DNA bestimmt; bei der Hepatitis C wird die Quantifizierung der Virus‐RNA zum Therapie‐Monitoring genutzt. Die Leberbiopsie hat ihren Stellenwert in der Bestimmung des Stadiums und der Aktivität der Lebererkrankung.
Leitliniengerechte Therapie der Hepatitis B. Korrekte Indikationsstellung ist die Voraussetzung
Authors: Cornberg Markus , Manns Michael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEntscheidend für das optimale Management von Patienten mit einer HBV‐infektion ist die korrekte Indikationsstellung. Eine Therapieindikation besteht bei Patienten mit fulminanter Hepatitis B, chronischer Hepatitis B und HBV‐DNA‐Menge > 2.000 IU/mL sowie bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose bei jeder nachweisbaren HBV‐DNA. Vor einer immunsuppressiven Therapie kann auch bei sonst fehlender Therapieindikation eine prophylaktische Therapie notwendig sein. Eine Schwangerschaft stellt eine besondere Situation dar, bei der eine antivirale Therapie, nach Abwägen von Nutzen und Risiken für Mutter und Kind, sinnvoll sein kann. Bei der Auswahl des Therapiekonzeptes sollte zunächst eine IFN‐Therapie evaluiert werden, da hier eine limitierte Therapiedauer möglich ist und insgesamt eine höhere Chance für eine Anti‐HBs‐Serokonversion besteht. Bei der Therapie mit Nukleosid‐ oder Nukleotidanaloga handelt es sich meist um eine Langzeittherapie. Daher sind Kontrollen alle drei bis sechs Monate wichtig, um Compliance und Nebenwirkungen zu überprüfen und um rechtzeitig ein Therapieversagen zu erkennen.
Development and application of a rapid and efficient CZE method coupled with correction factors for determination of monosaccharide composition of acidic hetero‐polysaccharides from Ephedra sinica
Authors: Xia Yong‐gang , Wang Qiu‐hong , Liang Jun , Yang Bing‐you , Li Guo‐yu , Kuang Hai‐xue 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Ephedrine alkaloids cannot account for all the effects of Ephedra sinica and the polysaccharides are also demonstrated to be one of the main bioactive constituents of E. sinica. However, no work has been reported on the analysis of monosaccharide composition of purified polysaccharides isolated from the stem of E. sinica.Objective – To develop a rapid and efficient capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method based on pre‐column derivatisation with 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolone for the simultaneous determination of neutral and acidic sugars of purified polysaccharides from E. sinica.Methodology – Three polysaccharides (ESP‐A3, ESP‐A4 and ESP‐B4) were isolated and purified by ion exchange and gel‐filtration chromatography from the stem of E. sinica. The effects of background electrolyte pH and concentration, applied voltage and temperature on the separation were investigated. Meanwhile, factors affecting the hydrolysis of ESP‐B4 with sulphuric acid were investigated by changing the hydrolysis time, acid concentration and hydrolytic temperature to achieve complete hydrolysis. The standard curves coupled with correction factors were used to calculate molar ratios.Results – The optimal CZE method coupled with correction factors was successfully applied to the determination of molar ratios of three purified polysaccharides and their corresponding partial acid hydrolysis products. ESP‐A3, ESP‐A4 and ESP‐B4 were all typical acidic hetero‐polysaccharides and consisted of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, and their corresponding molar ratios were 6.8:7.5:1.0:14.0:13.7:22.3:10.2:3.8 for ESP‐A3, 1.2:4.1:1.0:5.1:1.6:17.3:3.1:2.2 for ESP‐A4, and 1.0:4.5:1.0:2.0:1.0:5.5:1.5:50.0 for ESP‐B4.Conclusion – The results provided scientific evidence for the further study of the structure and bioactivity of complex acidic E. sinica polysaccharides. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.