bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and comparative effectiveness of sirolimus as an anticancer drug
Authors: Hu Melissa , Ekshyyan Oleksandr , Ferdinandez Lilantha Herman , Rong Xiaohua , Caldito Gloria , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate antitumor efficacy of the generic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor sirolimus in preclinical animal models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compare its effects with those of the patented analogue temsirolimus.Study Design:In vivo study.Methods:To develop xenograft established tumor model (ETM) of HNSCC, FaDu cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. When tumors reached 50 to 60 mm3, mice were randomized into five groups and treated daily intraperitoneally with sirolimus at various doses for 5 days per week for 3 weeks. Tumor volumes were measured. The results were compared with historical data on temsirolimus effects. In the minimal residual disease (MRD) model, surgical wounds were created and FaDu cells implanted. After 72 hours, animals were randomized into two groups and were injected intraperitoneally with 0 or 5 mg/kg sirolimus for 5 days per week for 30 days.Results:In the ETM, sirolimus significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < .01), although there was no overall significant difference in tumor growth inhibition between sirolimus and temsirolimus. In the MRD model, sirolimus significantly suppressed growth of tumors (P < .001) and improved survival compared with controls (P < .01). There was a significant decrease in pS6 expression, indicating mTOR inhibition.Conclusions:In this study, we demonstrate that the generic mTOR inhibitor sirolimus shows potent antitumor activity in HNSCC and produces comparable effects to the patent drug temsirolimus. Sirolimus has the potential of serving as an economic and comparative targeted agent to temsirolimus in the treatment of HNSCC.
Contralateral ansa cervicalis‐to‐recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis for unilateral vocal fold paralysis: A long‐term outcome analysis of 56 cases
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Shicai , Chen Donghui , Xia Siwen , Qiu Xiaoxia , Liu Yuehong , Zheng Hongliang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the long‐term efficacy of contralateral ansa cervicalis‐to‐recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) anastomosis for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), when the ansa cervicalis on the side of the paralyzed vocal fold was absent or there was any question about its viability.Study Design:We retrospectively reviewed 56 consecutive cases of delayed laryngeal reinnervation with contralateral ansa cervicalis for UVFP.Methods:Between January 1996 and January 2008, a total of 56 UVFP patients were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent contralateral ansa cervicalis‐to‐RLN anastomosis. Videostroboscopy, acoustic analysis, perceptual evaluation and maximum phonation time (MPT), and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) were performed pre‐ and postoperatively.Results:Analysis of videostroboscopic findings indicated that the glottic closure, vocal fold edge, vocal fold position, phase symmetry, and regularity were significantly improved (P < .001, post‐ vs. preoperative). Perceptual evaluation of dysphonia severity showed that overall grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain were also significantly decreased postoperatively (P < .001). Postoperative values of jitter (local), shimmer (local), and mean noise‐to‐harmonics ratio were significantly lower than the corresponding preoperative values (P < .001). The postoperative MPT value was significantly longer than the preoperative one (P < .001). LEMG showed that there was a significant postoperative improvement in voluntary motor‐unit recruitment during phonation (P < .001).Conclusions:In cases with a lack of viable ansa cervicalis on the side of a paralyzed vocal fold, contralateral ansa cervicalis‐to‐RLN anastomosis is a feasible and effective approach in the treatment of UVFP and can restore physiologic laryngeal phonatory function.
Pediatric acute mastoiditis in the post–pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era
Authors: Choi Sukgi S. , Lander Lina 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine whether the characteristics of acute mastoiditis in children have changed in the post–heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) era.Study Design:Case series.Methods:Clinical data for all patients admitted for acute mastoiditis at an urban tertiary children's hospital from July 1, 1996, to June 30, 2009, were reviewed. Patients with a known immune deficiency or cholesteatoma were excluded. Patients were divided into pre‐PCV7 (July 1996 to December 2002; n = 38) and post‐PCV7 (January 2003 to June 2009; n = 58) groups. Statistical analyses were used to compare the two groups.Results:Ninety‐six children met the inclusion criteria. There was a 53% increase in admission for acute mastoiditis in the post‐PCV7 era. The pre‐ and post‐PCV7 groups had similar demographic features, presenting history, signs and symptoms, laboratory study results, and medical management. Computed tomography scan abnormalities seen in the two groups were similar except for subperiosteal abscess, which was seen more frequently in the post‐PCV7 group. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen isolated in both groups. The patients in the post‐PCV7 group had shorter hospital stays, despite undergoing more extensive surgery to address their disease.Conclusions:The number of acute mastoiditis admissions did not decrease with the widespread use of PCV7. Computed tomography findings and surgical procedures required to address acute mastoiditis indicate that the post‐PCV7 group had more advanced disease. S pneumoniae remains the main pathogen in acute mastoiditis, and its nonsusceptibility to penicillin and ceftriaxone may be increasing.
Does the length of uvula affect the palatal implant outcome in the management of habitual snoring?
Authors: Akpinar Meltem Esen , Yigit Ozgur , Kocak Ismail , Altundag Aytug 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the impact of the uvular length on the efficacy of palatal implants in primary snoring.Study Design:Prospective case series, tertiary hospital, snoring and respiratory sleep disorders center.Methods:Forty subjects with inserted palatal implants and diagnoses of primary snoring were included. All met the inclusion criteria of age >18 years, body mass index <30, apnea‐hypopnea index <5, tonsil grade <3, soft‐palate length >25 mm, and Friedman tongue position <3 following clinical, endoscopic, and polysomnographic evaluation. Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and the snoring‐intensity visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded before and 9 months after the implant. Four subjects with extruded implants were excluded; the remaining 36 subjects were divided into two groups, Group I and Group II, with uvular lengths of ≤15 mm and >15 mm, respectively. The study assessed and compared subjective outcome measures including the partner's satisfaction (PS), partner's reported improvement (PRI), 50% VAS and ESS reduction, and subjective success (SS) defined as 50% VAS reduction. The Student t test, χ2 test, and logistic regression models were used for statistical evaluation.Results:SS (50% VAS reduction), PS, PRI, and 50% ESS reduction were significantly higher in Group I (P < .001, P = .0257, P = .027, P < .001). The overall SS, PRI, PS, and 50% ESS reduction were 33%, 78%, 50%, and 50%, respectively. The uvular length was found to be the determinant factor of SS (P = .005; odds ratio = 0.75), PRI (P = .039; odds ratio = 0.83), and 50% ESS reduction (P = .038; odds ratio: 0.84) following implant insertion through stepwise logistic regression analysis.Conclusions:Excess uvular length (>15 mm) is an important anatomic feature decreasing the efficacy of palatal implants in snoring, and additional measures, such as uvulectomy, should be considered simultaneously for better outcomes (level 4).
STT3A, C1orf24, TFF3: Putative Markers for Characterization of Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms From Fine‐Needle Aspirates
Authors: Patel Mihir R. , Stadler Michael E. , Deal Allison M. , Kim Hungsuk S. , Shores Carol G. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The goals of this study were to characterize gene expression using fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs) from follicular neoplasms to distinguish follicular adenomas (FAs) from follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas (FVPTCs); and to use FNA material to distinguish benign from malignant follicular neoplasms.Study Design:Retrospective expression analysis of diagnosed follicular neoplasms (level of evidence 2b); prospective cohort of FNA from the operating room after thyroid lobectomy (level of evidence 1b).Methods:Gene expression analysis via reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt‐PCR) of nine genes previously noted to be differentially expressed in follicular neoplasms was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded archived normal thyroid tissue (n = 63) and follicular neoplasms as diagnosed on preoperative FNA: FA (n = 16), FTC (n = 13), FVPTC (n = 24), and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) (n = 10). All cases were originally read as follicular neoplasms on preoperative FNA. To determine if these results could be translated into fresh tissue, ex vivo FNA was performed on follicular neoplasms (n = 17) in the operating room after thyroidectomy.Results:Quantitative gene analysis detected differential TFF3 expression in FA versus FTC, FVPTC, and PTC (P = .02). Rt‐PCR of FNA samples demonstrated that malignant nodules overexpress STT3A as compared with benign disease (P = .046). The combination of STT3A overexpression/Clorf24 underexpression identified malignant disease (P = .03) on FNA samples.Conclusions:Gene‐expression data suggest a difference in expression between STT3A, Clorf24, and TFF3 in FAs versus carcinomas that may be detected from an FNA sample. Findings must be validated from preoperative FNAs in larger numbers.
Spontaneous regeneration of recurrent laryngeal nerve following long‐term vocal fold paralysis in humans: Histologic evidence
Authors: Chen Donghui , Chen Shicai , Wang Wei , Zhang Chuansen , Zheng Hongliang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To validate the occurrence of spontaneous regeneration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in patients with symptomatic vocal fold paralysis (VFP).Study Design:Histologic study.Methods:Between June 2008 and February 2009, 29 patients with symptomatic unilateral VFP caused by thyroid surgery were continuously enrolled in this study, with 30 normal RLNs serving as the control. The denervation course was from 7 to 74 months. Intraoperative exploration was performed to identify the sites and types of RLN lesions. The status of RLN regeneration was detected by histologic examination, and the number of myelinated axons was counted.Results:Intraoperative exploration showed that RLN was transected in 24 cases, and the continuity of the RLN stump was recognized in the five other cases. Connective tissue connected the distal and the proximal ends of all transected RLNs under a surgical microscope. Light microscopy showed varying numbers (17–259) of abnormal myelinated axons in these injured RLNs; the maximum was less than 40% of those of normal RLNs (658 ± 79). Electron microscopy also demonstrated that abnormal myelinated axons with small diameters commonly existed in all injured RLNs, with dark myelin clumps without axons (Bungner bands) and fibrotic components.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates that a varying degree of spontaneous RLN regeneration is substantially engaged in the process of subclinical reinnervation following laryngeal denervation in humans, which may account for different clinical characteristics and outcomes of VFP.
Salvage total pharyngolaryngectomy and free jejunum transfer
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Sakuraba Minoru , Nagamatsu Shogo , Hayashi Ryuichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The objective of this retrospective study was to examine the safety and efficacy of free jejunum transfer after total pharyngolaryngectomy after radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to the neck for patients with recurrent or second primary disease.Study Design:Retrospective study.Methods:A total of 313 patients were divided into two groups on the basis of a history of RT to the neck: 86 patients had received RT and 227 patients had not. The patients who had received RT were subdivided on the basis of the type of previous treatment: those who had received RT alone (32 patients) and those who had undergone concurrent CRT (54 patients). Postoperative complications were compared between RT and non‐RT groups and between the RT‐alone and CRT groups.Results:The rates of complications did not differ significantly between the RT and non‐RT groups, but the rates of anastomotic thrombosis and carotid rupture were slightly but not significantly higher in the RT group than in the non‐RT group. The overall complication rate did not differ between the RT‐alone group and the CRT group.Conclusions:Pharyngolaryngectomy and free jejunum transfer can be performed safely, even in patients who have received RT, without significant increases in morbidity or mortality. However, a risk of carotid rupture due to pharyngocutaneous fistula remains in patients who have received RT, and prevention and early detection of fistulas are crucial. The risk of postoperative complications is not higher with CRT than with RT alone.
Medicinal leeches and the microsurgeon: A four‐year study, clinical series and risk benefit review
Authors: Whitaker Iain S. , Josty Ian C. , Hawkins Simon , Azzopardi Ernest , Naderi Naghmeh , Graf Joerg , Damaris Lisa , Lineaweaver William C. , Kon Moshe 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground: There are case reports and small series in the literature relating to the use of medicinal leeches by plastic surgeons; however, larger series from individual units are rare. The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive 4‐year case series of the use of medicinal leeches, discuss the current evidence regarding indications, risks, and benefits and highlight the recent updates regarding leech speciation. Methods: Patients prescribed leeches in a 4‐year period (July 2004–2008) were collated from hospital pharmacy records (N = 35). The number of leeches used, demographic, clinical, and microbiological details were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Thirty‐five patients were treated with leeches. The age range was 2 to 98 years (mean = 49.3). Leeches were most commonly used for venous congestion in pedicled flaps and replantations. Blood transfusions were necessary in 12 cases (34%) [mean = 2.8 units, range 2–5 units]. Our infection rate was 20% (7/35) including five infections with Aeromonas spp. (14.2%). The proportion of patients becoming infected after leech therapy was significantly greater in the group of patients that did not receive prophylactic antibiotic treatment (Fisher's Exact test P = 0.0005). In total, 14 cases (40%) were salvaged in entirety, in 7 cases 80% or more, in 2 cases 50 to 79%, and in 1 case less than 50% of the tissues were salvaged. In 11 cases (31%), the tissues were totally lost. Conclusion: Our study highlights both the benefits and the risks to patients in selected clinical situations and also the potential risks. The routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis is supported. In view of the emerging evidence that Hirudo verbana are now used as standard leech therapy, and the primary pathogen is Aeromonas veronii, until a large prospective multicenter study is published, large series of patients treated with leeches should be reported. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Combination of a free jejunal flap and a Roux‐en‐Y colojejunostomy for reconstruction of esophageal stricture secondary to a distant blast injury: A case report
Authors: Wu Yi‐Chia , Tang Yueh‐Bih , Chen Wency , Lai Chung‐Sheng , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPneumatic perforation of the esophagus caused by blast injury is very rare. Our patient presented with esophageal stricture in the context of a previous reconstruction of an esophageal rupture secondary to a distant air‐blast injury. The ruptured esophagus was initially reconstructed with a left pedicled colon interposition in an antiperistaltic pattern. However, dysphagia developed 4 years later because of severe reflux‐induced stenosis at the junction of the cervical esophagus and the left pedicled colon segment. A free isoperistaltic jejunal flap was performed to replace the cervical esophagus, with an anti‐reflux Roux‐en‐Y colojejunostomy between the caudal segment of the left pedicled colon and the jejunum. The patient was discharged uneventfully 29 days later with smooth esophageal transit and no further reflux, as shown by scintigraphic scan. Esophageal reconstruction in an isoperistaltic pattern using a free isoperistaltic jejunal flap combined with an anti‐reflux Roux‐en‐Y colojejunostomy has never been reported in the literature and appears to be an effective method to provide smooth passage of food and prevent restenosis of the esophagus. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
The effect of melatonin and platelet gel on sciatic nerve repair: An electrophysiological and stereological study
Authors: Kaplan SüLeyman , PişKin Ahmet , Ayyildiz Mustafa , Aktaş Abit , KöKsal BüLent , Ulkay Muzaffer BaşAK , TüRkmen Aysin Pinar , Bakan Fatma , Geuna Stefano 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNerve regeneration after surgical reconstruction is far from optimal, and thus effective strategies for improving the outcome of nerve repair are being sought. In this experiment, we verified if postoperative intraperitoneal melatonin (MLT) administration after intraoperative platelet gel application improves peripheral nerve regeneration. In adult male rats, 1‐cm long sciatic nerve defects were repaired using four different strategies: autologous nerve graft repair followed by MLT (NM, n = 5), collagen conduit repair followed by MLT (CM, n = 5), platelet gel‐enriched collagen conduit repair followed by MLT (CGM, n = 6), and platelet gel‐enriched collagen conduit (CG, n = 5) repair followed by no substance administration. Sham operated animals were used as controls (Cont, n = 5). Ninety days after surgery, the nerve regeneration outcome was comparatively assessed by means of electrophysiological and stereological analysis. Electrophysiology revealed no significant differences between the experimental and the sham control groups. Stereological analysis showed no significant differences among the experimental groups regarding axon size and myelin thickness, but the axon number was significantly lower in the CM compared to Cont and NM group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between number of axons in CG and Cont groups, between CGM and CM, and between CM and NM. Although it was observed that platelet gel have a positive effect on nerve regeneration, but a combination of local platelet gel with MLT does not have the same effect on nerve repair. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Morphological abnormalities, impaired fetal development and decrease in myostatin expression following somatic cell nuclear transfer in dogs
Authors: Hong Il‐Hwa , Jeong Yeon‐Woo , Shin Taeyoung , Hyun Sang‐Hwan , Park Jin‐Kyu , Ki Mi‐Ran , Han Seon‐Young , Park Se‐Il , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Lee Eun‐Mi , Kim Ah‐Young , You Sang‐Young , Hwang Woo‐Suk , Jeong Kyu‐Shik 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSeveral mammals, including dogs, have been successfully cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), but the efficiency of generating normal, live offspring is relatively low. Although the high failure rate has been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei during the cloning process, the exact cause is not fully known. To elucidate the cause of death in cloned offspring, 12 deceased offspring cloned by SCNT were necropsied. The clones were either stillborn just prior to delivery or died with dyspnea shortly after birth. On gross examination, defects in the anterior abdominal wall and increased heart and liver sizes were found. Notably, a significant increase in muscle mass and macroglossia lesions were observed in deceased SCNT‐cloned dogs. Interestingly, the expression of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth during embryogenesis, was down‐regulated at the mRNA level in tongues and skeletal muscles of SCNT‐cloned dogs compared with a normal dog. Results of the present study suggest that decreased expression of myostatin in SCNT‐cloned dogs may be involved in morphological abnormalities such as increased muscle mass and macroglossia, which may contribute to impaired fetal development and poor survival rates. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:337–346, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleoli from growing oocytes inhibit the maturation of enucleolated, full‐grown oocytes in the pig
Authors: Kyogoku Hirohisa , Ogushi Sugako , Miyano Takashi , Fulka Josef 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn mammals, the nucleolus of full‐grown oocyte is essential for embryonic development but not for oocyte maturation. In our study, the role of the growing oocyte nucleolus in oocyte maturation was examined by nucleolus removal and/or transfer into previously enucleolated, growing (around 100 µm in diameter) or full‐grown (120 µm) pig oocytes. In the first experiment, the nucleoli were aspirated from growing oocytes whose nucleoli had been compacted by actinomycin D treatment, and the enucleolated oocytes were matured in vitro. Most of non‐treated or actinomycin D‐treated oocytes did not undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD; 13% and 12%, respectively). However, the GVBD rate of enucleolated, growing oocytes significantly increased to 46%. The low GVBD rate of enucleolated, growing oocytes was restored again by the re‐injection of nucleoli from growing oocytes (23%), but not when nucleoli from full‐grown oocytes were re‐injected into enucleolated, growing oocytes (49%). When enucleolated, full‐grown oocytes were injected with nucleoli from growing or full‐grown oocytes, the nucleolus in the germinal vesicle was reassembled (73% and 60%, respectively). After maturation, the enucleolated, full‐grown oocytes injected with nucleoli from full‐grown oocytes matured to metaphase II (56%), whereas injection with growing‐oocyte nucleoli reduced this maturation to 21%. These results suggest that the growing‐oocyte nucleolus is involved in the oocyte's meiotic arrest, and that the full‐grown oocyte nucleolus has lost the ability. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:426–435, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MG‐ADL: Still a relevant outcome measure
Authors: Muppidi Srikanth , Wolfe Gil I. , Conaway Mark , Burns Ted M. ,   and the MG COMPOSITE AND MG‐QOL15 STUDY GROUP
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of this analysis was to examine the performance of the Myasthenia Gravis–specific Activities of Daily Living scale (MG‐ADL) during a multicenter scale validation study.Methods:Consecutive MG patients were assessed with several MG outcome measures, including the MG‐ADL. Statistical tests included descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, and sensitivity/specificity.Results:Eighty‐seven patients completed the MG‐ADL, MG Composite (MGC), and MG 15‐item Quality of Life scale (MG‐QOL15) on the first visit, and 76 returned for the second visit. At the first visit, there was a strong positive correlation between MG‐ADL and MGC (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001) and MG‐QOL15 (r = 0.76, P < 0.0001). Correlation of the delta MG‐ADL score and physician impression of change between the visits was strong (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001). A 2‐point improvement in the MG‐ADL best predicted clinical improvement. Test–retest analysis demonstrated a high reliability coefficient.Conclusions:The MG‐ADL correlates strongly with newer, validated MG outcome measures. A 2‐point improvement in the MG‐ADL indicates clinical improvement. The MG‐ADL is useful as a research tool and in routine clinical management. Muscle Nerve, 2011