bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multislice single breath‐hold scheme for imaging alveolar oxygen tension in humans
Authors: Hamedani Hooman , Kadlecek Stephen J. , Emami Kiarash , Kuzma Nicholas N. , Xu Yinan , Xin Yi , Mongkolwisetwara Puttisarn , Rajaei Jennia , Barulic Amy , Wilson Miller G. , Rossman Milton , Ishii Masaru , Rizi Rahim R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractReliable, noninvasive, and high‐resolution imaging of alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (pAO2) is a potentially valuable tool in the early diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Several techniques have been proposed for regional measurement of pAO2 based on the increased depolarization rate of hyperpolarized 3He. In this study, we explore one such technique by applying a multislice pAO2‐imaging scheme that uses interleaved‐slice ordering to utilize interslice time‐delays more efficiently. This approach addresses the low spatial resolution and long breath‐hold requirements of earlier techniques, allowing pAO2 measurements to be made over the entire human lung in 10–15 s with a typical resolution of 8.3 × 8.3 × 15.6 mm3. PO2 measurements in a glass syringe phantom were in agreement with independent gas analysis within 4.7 ± 4.1% (R = 0.9993). The technique is demonstrated in four human subjects (healthy nonsmoker, healthy former smoker, healthy smoker, and patient with COPD), each imaged six times on 3 different days during a 2‐week span. Two independent measurements were performed in each session, consisting of 12 coronal slices. The overall pAO2 mean across all subjects was 95.9 ± 12.2 Torr and correlated well with end‐tidal O2 (R = 0.805, P < 0.0001). The alveolar O2 uptake rate was consistent with the expected range of 1–2 Torr/s. Repeatable visual features were observed in pAO2 maps over different days, as were characteristic differences among the subjects and gravity‐dependent effects. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations sensitivity on typhoon track forecasts
Authors: Qin Xiaohao , Mu Mu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study investigates the influence on typhoon track forecasts by the Mesoscale Model5 and 3D‐Var system of assimilating additional simulated dropsonde data in sensitive regions identified by Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations (CNOPs) for seven typhoons in the western North Pacific. As a reference, a similar analysis was performed for the sensitive regions identified by Singular Vectors (SVs), using the same model and assimilation system as that in the case of CNOPs.Six of the seven cases show an improvement in typhoon track forecasts, with the degree of improvement being 13%–46% in the CNOPs sensitive regions and 14%–25% in SVs sensitive regions. Furthermore, track forecasts that consider dropsonde data show improved performance not only during the optimization period for these six cases (24–48 h), when CNOPs and SVs sensitivities were calculated, but for longer forecast times of 48–72 h. However, relatively large observation errors result in reduced forecast performance for the remaining typhoon case. These results show that the deployment of dropsondes in sensitive regions identified by CNOPs has an overall positive influence on typhoon track forecasts, suggesting in turn that CNOPs can be utilized as an adaptive method in determining sensitive regions in adaptive observations. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Fine‐grained user access control in ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption
Authors: Hur Junbeom , Park Chanil , Hwang Seong Oun 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTKey revocation is one of the most challenging and open issues in attribute‐based encryption (ABE). The previous revocable ABE schemes feature a mechanism that revokes the attribute key periodically without any consideration of the user membership associated with the attribute. Thus, non‐revoked users are enforced to access the key authority periodically to receive keying materials in order to update the current key. This is due to the fact that the revocation is done only on the attribute level, which results in security and scalability problems. In this paper, we propose a fine‐grained user revocation scheme without affecting any non‐revoked users who share the same attributes in ciphertext‐policy ABE; it does not require the users to access the key authority and to update keys periodically. The proposed scheme improves the efficiency compared with previous revocable schemes and enhances the security in terms of the backward/forward secrecy on any membership changes in the ciphertext‐policy ABE system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constructions of 1‐resilient Boolean functions on odd number of variables with a high nonlinearity
Authors: Zhang Fengrong , Hu Yupu , Xie Min , Wei Yongzhuang 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we concentrate on the design of 1‐resilient Boolean functions with desirable cryptographic properties. Firstly, we put forward a novel secondary construction to obtain 1‐resilient functions. Next, we present the relationships between the properties of these constructed 1‐resilient functions and that of the initial functions. Based on the construction and a class of bent functions on n variables, we can obtain a class of (n + 3)‐variable 1‐resilient non‐separable cryptographic functions with a high algebraic immunity, whose nonlinearity is equal to the bent concatenation bound 2n + 2 − 2(n + 2)/2. Furthermore, we propose a set of 1‐resilient non‐separable functions on odd number of variables with an optimal algebraic degree, a high algebraic immunity, and a high nonlinearity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a Chondroitin Sulfate Isomer as an Effective and Removable Dispersant of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yan Liang Yu , Li Weifeng , Mesgari Sara , Leong Susanna S. J. , Chen Yuan , Loo Leslie S. , Mu Yuguang , Chan‐Park Mary B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThree isomers of chondroitin sulfate (CS), i.e., CS‐A, CS‐B, and CS‐C, are investigated as nanotube dispersants and are found to have vastly different abilities to disperse single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water due to their different intramolecular interactions. Only CS‐A and CS‐C effectively disperse SWNTs into small bundles or individual tubes while CS‐B disperses SWNTs poorly. Computer simulation and circular dichrosim show that neat CS‐A and CS‐C have weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding and extended conformations in solution resulting in energetically more favorable interactions with nanotubes. CS‐B has relatively strong intramolecular Coulombic interaction and more alpha‐helical secondary structure in solution resulting in energetically less favorable interaction with the nanotubes. Atomic force microscopy images show helical wrappings of CS‐A and CS‐C around the SWNTs. Transmission electron microscopy corroborates the helical wrapping of CS‐A. Different isomeric forms of a polymer can have vastly different dispersing power because of their different intramolecular interactions and conformations. The easy removability of CS‐A from nanotubes is confirmed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showing almost no detectable sulphur content after washing with water and by application of washed CS‐A dispersed SWNTs in field‐effect transistors.
Inducible Cassette Exchange: A Rapid and Efficient System Enabling Conditional Gene Expression in Embryonic Stem and Primary Cells
Authors: Iacovino Michelina , Bosnakovski Darko , Fey Holger , Rux Danielle , Bajwa Gagan , Mahen Elisabeth , Mitanoska Ana , Xu Zhaohui , Kyba Michael 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Genetic modification is critically enabling for studies addressing specification and maintenance of cell fate; however, methods for engineering modifications are inefficient. We demonstrate a rapid and efficient recombination system in which an inducible, floxed cre allele replaces itself with an incoming transgene. We target this inducible cassette exchange (ICE) allele to the (HPRT) locus and demonstrate recombination in murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primary cells from derivative ICE mice. Using lentivectors, we demonstrate recombination at a randomly integrated ICE locus in human ESCs. To illustrate the utility of this system, we insert the myogenic regulator, Myf5, into the ICE locus in each platform. This enables efficient directed differentiation of mouse and human ESCs into skeletal muscle and conditional myogenic transdetermination of primary cells cultured in vitro. This versatile tool is thus well suited to gain-of-function studies probing gene function in the specification and reprogramming of cell fate.
Subjective Well-being in Later Life: 20 Years after the Butterworths Monograph Series on Individual and Population Aging
Authors: Stones Michael , Kozma Albert , McNeil Kevin , Worobetz Sarah 
Published: August 2011

RÉSUMÉCet article examine l’évolution de la théorie et la recherche sur le bonheur deux décennies après la publication du Psychological Well-Being in Later Life (Butterworths, 1991) par Albert Kozma, Michael Stones, et Kevin McNeil. Les avancements empiriques majeurs comprennent de nouvelles connaissances au sujet des contributions au bonheur résultants d’effets liés génétiquement et leur personnalité. Les traits de personnalité exercent des relations plus fortes avec le bonheur que ne l’était il ya 20 ans et de contribuent à la covariance entre le bonheur et certains ses prédicteurs. Accents de recherche en évolution comprennent les façons dont les effets qui sont génétiquement liés influencent la manière dont on forme et réagit à son environnement.
Summerschool DGOU – Was macht der Nachwuchs in O und U?
Authors: Kubosch D , Depeweg D , Dragowsky K , Moradi B , Perl M , Münzberg M 
Published: August 2011

What are the young academics in O und U doing?The shortage of junior doctors is a very important and acute issue. One reason is the impending shortage of doctors and the lack of young medical professionals.Professional societies take this very seriously and are working hard on a solution. One of the many offerings that are designed for students of medicine is the annual "Summer School” of the German DGOU (German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery). This article focuses on the SummerSchool of the DGOU and the feedback by the students who attended this Summer School 2010 in Homburg. Its particular interest lies in the question of whether such events are effective in creating an interest for young doctors.For the evaluation of the course, a questionnaire was created, which had a total of 14 questions. The questionnaire gave the students an opportunity to provide both positive and negative feedback through the use of a sliding scale, 1 being the best and 10 the worst.The evaluation showed that the overall perception was positive, with some excellent ratings given. In particular personal interaction was an outstanding point. Also the subject Orthopaedics and Trauma Care was better communicated to the students and thus left a longer-lasting impression.Overall it can be said that formats such as the DGOU Summer School are an important tool in the development of young health care professionals, and that they play a vital part in the attraction of young health care professionals.What seemed of great importance in this context was the close contact and exchange of experience with the teachers.More time and observations are still required to determine whether or not these efforts had the desired effect on influencing students to choose Orthopaedics and Trauma Care.
Irreversible pan‐ERBB inhibitor canertinib elicits anti‐leukaemic effects and induces the regression of FLT3‐ITD transformed cells in mice
Authors: Nordigården Amanda , Zetterblad Jenny , Trinks Cecilia , Gréen Henrik , Eliasson Pernilla , Druid Pia , Lotfi Kourosh , Rönnstrand Lars , Walz Thomas M. , Jönsson Jan‐Ingvar 
Published: August 2011

SummaryRecent findings have indicated that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the ERBB receptor family display anti‐leukaemic effects, despite the lack of receptor expression on human leukaemic cells. The occurrence of activating mutations in the gene encoding FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has rendered inhibition of this receptor a promising therapeutic target. Due to possibility of cross‐reactivity, we investigated the effect of the irreversible pan‐ERBB inhibitor canertinib (CI‐1033) on leukaemic cells expressing FLT3. The drug had anti‐proliferative and apoptotic effects on primary AML cells and human leukaemic cell lines expressing mutated FLT3. In several AML patient samples, a blast cell population expressing FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (ITD) was eradicated by canertinib. Canertinib inhibited receptor autophosphorylation and kinase activity of both mutated and FLT3 ligand stimulated wildtype FLT3, leading to inhibition of the PI3‐kinase and MAP kinase pathways. Apoptotic induction was dependent on pro‐apoptotic BH3‐only protein BCL2L11/BIM because siRNA silencing attenuated apoptosis. Moreover, the drug induced regression of cells expressing FLT3‐ITD in a murine in vivo‐transplantation model at previously described tolerated doses. These results indicate that canertinib, as an irreversible TKI, could constitute a novel treatment regimen in patients with mutated or overexpressed FLT3.
VcR‐CVAD induction chemotherapy followed by maintenance rituximab in mantle cell lymphoma: a Wisconsin Oncology Network study
Authors: Chang Julie E. , Peterson Christopher , Choi Sangbum , Eickhoff Jens C. , Kim KyungMann , Yang David T. , Gilbert Leslie A. , Rogers Eric S. , Werndli Jae E. , Huie Michael S. , McFarland Thomas A. , Volk Michael , Blank Jules , Callander Natalie S. , Longo Walter L. , Kahl Brad S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIntensive chemotherapy regimens are not feasible in many adults with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We sought to build upon our previous experience with a non‐intensive regimen, modified R‐hyperCVAD chemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone) with maintenance rituximab (MR), by the incorporation of bortezomib (VcR‐CVAD) and the extension of MR beyond 2 years. Patients with previously untreated MCL received VcR‐CVAD chemotherapy every 21 d for six cycles. Patients achieving at least a partial response to induction chemotherapy received rituximab consolidation (375 mg/m2 × 4 weekly doses) and MR (375 mg/m2 every 12 weeks × 20 doses). The primary end points were overall and complete response (CR), and secondary endpoints were progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Thirty patients were enrolled, with a median age of 61 years. All patients had advanced stage disease, and 60% had medium/high MCL International Prognostic Index risk factors. A CR or unconfirmed CR was achieved in 77% of patients. After a median follow‐up of 42 months, the 3‐year PFS and OS were 63% and 86%, respectively. The observed 3‐year PFS and OS with VcR‐CVAD in MCL were comparable to reported outcomes with more intensive regimens. A cooperative group trial (E1405) is attempting to replicate these promising results.
A comparison of immune reconstitution and graft‐versus‐host disease following myeloablative conditioning versus reduced toxicity conditioning and umbilical cord blood transplantation in paediatric recipients
Authors: Geyer Mark B. , Jacobson Judith S. , Freedman Jason , George Diane , Moore Virginia , van de Ven Carmella , Satwani Prakash , Bhatia Monica , Garvin James H. , Bradley Mary Brigid , Harrison Lauren , Morris Erin , Della‐Latta Phyllis , Schwartz Joseph , Baxter‐Lowe Lee A. , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryImmune reconstitution appears to be delayed following myeloablative conditioning (MAC) and umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in paediatric recipients. Although reduced toxicity conditioning (RTC) versus MAC prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation is associated with decreased transplant‐related mortality, the effects of RTC versus MAC prior to UCBT on immune reconstitution and risk of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) are unknown. In 88 consecutive paediatric recipients of UCBT, we assessed immune cell recovery and immunoglobulin reconstitution at days +100, 180 and 365 and analysed risk factors associated with acute and chronic GVHD. Immune cell subset recovery, immunoglobulin reconstitution, and the incidence of opportunistic infections did not differ significantly between MAC versus RTC groups. In a Cox model, MAC versus RTC recipients had significantly higher risk of grade II–IV acute GVHD [Hazard Ratio (HR) 6·1, P = 0·002] as did recipients of 4/6 vs. 5–6/6 HLA‐matched UCBT (HR 3·1, P = 0·03), who also had significantly increased risk of chronic GVHD (HR 18·5, P = 0·04). In multivariate analyses, MAC versus RTC was furthermore associated with significantly increased transplant‐related (Odds Ratio 26·8, P = 0·008) and overall mortality (HR = 4·1, P = 0·0001). The use of adoptive cellular immunotherapy to accelerate immune reconstitution and prevent and treat opportunistic infections and malignant relapse following UCBT warrants further investigation.
How avian nest site selection responds to predation risk: testing an ‘adaptive peak hypothesis’
Authors: Latif Quresh S. , Heath Sacha K. , Rotenberry John T. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. Nest predation limits avian fitness, so birds should favour nest sites that minimize predation risk. Nevertheless, preferred nest microhabitat features are often uncorrelated with apparent variation in predation rates.2. This lack of congruence between theory‐based expectation and empirical data may arise when birds already occupy ‘adaptive peaks’. If birds nest exclusively in low‐predation microhabitats, microhabitat and nest predation may no longer be correlated even though predation ultimately shaped microhabitat selection.3. This ‘adaptive peak hypothesis’ was tested for a population of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) focusing on two nest microhabitat features: concealment and height. Experimental nests measured relative predation risk both within and outside the microhabitat range typically occupied by natural nests to examine whether nest site choices made by birds restricted our ability to detect microhabitat effects on predation.4. Within the natural range (30–80% concealment, >75 cm height), microhabitat–predation relationships were weak and inconsistent, and similar for experimental and natural nests. Over an extended range, however, experimental predation rates were elevated in exposed sites (<30% concealed), indicating a concealment‐related ‘adaptive plateau’.5. Clay egg bite data revealed a concealment effect on avian predators, and the abundance of one avian predator group correlated with nest concealment among years, suggesting these predators may cue birds to modulate nest concealment choices.6. This study demonstrates how avian responses to predation pressure can obscure the adaptive significance of nest site selection, so predation influences may be more important than apparent from published data.
Quality in e‐learning: a framework for promoting and assuring quality in virtual institutions
Authors: Masoumi D. , Lindström B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWith the growing demand for e‐learning along with striving for excellence associated with globalization, there are worldwide calls for enhancing and assuring quality in e‐learning, specifically in the context of the developing countries. Such calls for quality enhancement, accountability, added value, value for money, self‐evaluation, and role players' satisfaction in higher education settings cannot go unheeded. Addressing the concerns regarding enhancing and assuring quality in e‐learning, a comprehensive e‐quality framework is developed by taking into account the pros and cons of the previous models, frameworks, and studies of e‐quality. This e‐quality framework offers a structured set of factors and benchmarks as a tool for practical quality work with e‐learning in virtual institutions.
Detecting deterioration in patients with chronic disease using telemonitoring: navigating the ‘trough of disillusionment’
Authors: Elwyn Glyn , Hardisty Alex R. , Peirce Susan C. , May Carl , Evans Robert , Robinson Douglas K. R. , Bolton Charlotte E. , Yousef Zaheer , Conley Edward C. , Rana Omer F. , Gray W. Alex , Preece Alun D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectives  To examine the evidence base for telemonitoring designed for patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure, and to assess whether telemonitoring fulfils the principles of monitoring and is ready for implementation into routine settings.Design  Qualitative data collection using interviews and participation in a multi‐path mapping process.Participants  Twenty‐six purposively selected informants completed semi‐structured interviews and 24 individuals with expertise in the relevant clinical and informatics domains from academia, industry, policy and provider organizations and participated in a multi‐path mapping workshop.Results  The evidence base for the effectiveness of telemonitoring is weak and inconsistent, with insufficient cost‐effectiveness studies. When considered against an accepted definition of monitoring, telemonitoring is found wanting. Telemonitoring has not been able so far to ensure that the technologies fit into the life world of the patient and into the clinical and organizational milieu of health service delivery systems.Conclusions  To develop effective telemonitoring for patients with chronic disease, more attention needs to be given to agreeing the central aim of early detection and, to ensure potential implementation, engaging a wide range of stakeholders in the design process, especially patients and clinicians.
Three‐dimensional xylem networks and phyllode properties of co‐occurring Acacia
Authors: PAGE GERALD F. M. , LIU JIE , GRIERSON PAULINE F. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTReduced leaf size is often correlated to increased aridity, where smaller leaves demand less water via xylem conduits. However, it is unknown if differences in three‐dimensional (3D) xylem connectivity reflect leaf‐level adaptations. We used X‐ray microtomography (micro‐CT) to quantify 3D xylem connectivity in ∼5 mm diameter branch sections of co‐occurring semi‐arid Acacia species of varied phyllode size. We compared 3D connectivity to minimum branch water potential and two‐dimensional (2D) vessel attributes derived from sections produced by micro‐CT. 2D attributes included vessel area, density, vessel size to number ratio (S) and vessel lumen fraction (F). Trees with terete phyllodes had less negative water potentials than broad phyllode variants. 3D xylem connectivity was conserved across all trees regardless of phyllode type or minimum water potential. We also found that xylem connectivity was sensitive to vessel lumen fraction (F) and not the size to number ratio (S) even though F was consistent among species and phyllode variants. Our results demonstrate that differences in phyllode anatomy, and not xylem connectivity, likely explain diversity of drought tolerance among closely related Acacia species. Further analysis using our approach across a broader range of species will improve understanding of adaptations in the xylem networks of arid zone species.