bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axially Chiral Phosphine‐Oxazoline Ligands in Silver(I)‐ Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Aldimines with Trimethylsiloxyfuran
Authors: Deng Hong‐Ping , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new asymmetric catalytic system for the Mannich reaction of aldimines with trimethylsiloxyfuran is described. The combination of an axially chiral phosphine‐oxazoline ligand (S)‐2‐[(R)‐2′‐(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2‐yl]‐4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazole with silver acetate and 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetic acid is a very effective catalytic system in the asymmetric Mannich reaction of various aldimines with trimethylsiloxyfuran in dichloromethane at −78 °C, affording the corresponding adducts in up to 99% yield, 99:1 (dr) and 99% ee (major diastereoisomer) under mild conditions.
DiPAMP’s Big Brother “i‐Pr‐SMS‐Phos” Exhibits Exceptional Features Enhancing Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Olefins
Authors: Stephan Michel , Šterk Damjan , Mohar Barbara 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSwitching Knowles DiPAMP’s {DiPAMP=1,2‐bis[(o‐anisyl)(phenyl)phosphino]‐ ethane} MeO groups with i‐PrO ones led to the i‐Pr‐SMS‐Phos {i‐Pr‐SMS‐Phos=1,2‐bis[(o‐isoprop‐ oxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphino]ethane} ligand which displayed a boosted catalyst activity coupled with an enhanced enantioselectivity in the rhodium(I)‐catalyzed hydrogenation of a wide‐range of representative olefinic substrates (dehydro‐α‐amido acids, itaconates, acrylates, enamides, enol acetates, α,α‐diarylethylenes, etc). The rhodium(I)‐(i‐Pr‐SMS‐Phos) catalytic profile was investigated revealing its structural attributes and robustness, and in contrast to the usual trend, 31P NMR analysis revealed that its methyl (Z)‐α‐acetamidocinnamate (MAC) adduct consisted of a reversed diastereomeric ratio of 1.4:1 in favour of the most reactive diastereomer.
Highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric approach for the rapid determination of trace benzo[α]pyrene in drinking water and in solutions leached from disposable paper cups
Authors: Zhou Na , Luo He‐Dong , Li Na , Jia Yu‐zhu , Li Yao‐Qun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on the excellent band narrowing and background suppressing features of second‐derivative constant‐energy synchronous spectrofluorimetry with a Δ$\bar\upsilon$ value of 1400 cm−1, the strong fluorescence intensity for benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) obtained in dichloromethane and the use of standard addition method, a highly sensitive and selective approach for the quantitative determination of trace amount of BaP in drinking water has been established in this study. The detection and quantification limits were 0.11 and 0.37 ng L−1, respectively, and the recoveries obtained from spiked Milli‐Q water, bottled natural spring water, tank‐purified water and tap water at different concentrations, ranged from 86.0 to 104.0%. This method has been applied for the determination of trace BaP in solution leached from disposable paper cups. The experimental results indicated that BaP was leached from paper cups when filled with hot water, but it was not detected when cool (unheated) water was used. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residual serum monoclonal protein predicts progression‐free survival in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma
Authors: Schaefer Eric W. , Kumar Shaji , Dispenzieri Angela , Allred Jacob B. , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Mandrekar Sumithra J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Currently used treatment response criteria in multiple myeloma (MM) are based in part on serum monoclonal protein (M‐protein) measurements. A drawback of these criteria is that response is determined solely by the best level of M‐protein reduction, without considering the serial trend. The authors hypothesized that metrics incorporating the serial trend of M‐protein would be better predictors of progression‐free survival (PFS).METHODS:Fifty‐five patients with measurable disease at baseline (M‐protein ≥1 g/dL) who received ≥4 cycles of treatment from 2 clinical trials in previously untreated MM were included. Three metrics based on the percentage of M‐protein remaining relative to baseline (residual M‐protein) were considered: metrics based on the number of times residual M‐protein fell within prespecified thresholds, metrics based on area under the residual M‐protein curve, and metrics based on the average residual M‐protein reduction between Cycles 1 and 4. The predictive value of these metrics was assessed in Cox models using landmark analysis.RESULTS:The average residual M‐protein reduction was found to be significantly predictive of PFS (P = .02; hazard ratio, 0.37), in which a patient with a 10% lower average residual M‐protein reduction from Cycle 1 to 4 was estimated to be at least 2.7× more likely to develop disease progression or die early. None of the other metrics was predictive of PFS. The concordance index for the average residual M‐protein reduction was 0.63, compared with 0.56 for best response.CONCLUSIONS:The average residual M‐protein reduction metric is promising and needs further validation. This exploratory analysis is the first step in the search for treatment‐based trend metrics predictive of outcomes in MM. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
High Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt–Pd Binary Spherocrystals Chemically Assembled in Vertically Aligned TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Lei Yanzhu , Zhao Guohua , Tong Xili , Liu Meichuan , Li Dongming , Geng Rong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTo obtain noble metal catalysts with high efficiency, long‐term stability, and poison resistance, Pt and Pd are assembled in highly ordered and vertically aligned TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) by means of the pulsed‐current deposition (PCD) method with assistance of ultrasonication (UC). Here, Pd serves as a dispersant which prevents agglomeration of Pt. Thus Pt–Pd binary catalysts are embed into TiO2 NTs array under UC in sunken patterns of composite spherocrystals (Sps). Owing to this synthesis method and restriction by the NTs, the these catalysts show improved dispersion, more catalytically active sites, and higher surface area. This nanotubular metallic support material with good physical and chemical stability prevents catalyst loss and poisoning. Compared with monometallic Pt and Pd, the sunken‐structured Pt–Pd spherocrystal catalyst exhibits better catalytic activity and poison resistance in electrocatalytic methanol oxidation because of its excellent dispersion. The catalytic current density is enhanced by about 15 and 310 times relative to monometallic Pt and Pd, respectively. The poison resistance of the Pt–Pd catalyst was 1.5 times higher than that of Pt and Pd, and they show high electrochemical stability with a stable current enduring for more than 2100 s. Thus, the TiO2 NTs on a Ti substrate serve as an excellent support material for the loading and dispersion of noble metal catalysts.
Balloons, cut‐edges, matchings, and total domination in regular graphs of odd degree
Authors: O Suil , West Douglas B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAballoonin a graphGis a maximal 2‐edge‐connected subgraph incident to exactly one cut‐edge ofG. Letb(G) be the number of balloons, letc(G) be the number of cut‐edges, and let α′(G) be the maximum size of a matching. Let\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\mathcal{F}}_{{{n}},{{r}}}$\end{document}be the family of connected (2r+1)‐regular graphs withnvertices, and let\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${{b}}={{max}}\{{{b}}({{G}}): {{G}}\in {\mathcal{F}}_{{{n}},{{r}}}\}$\end{document}. For\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${{G}}\in{\mathcal{F}}_{{{n}},{{r}}}$\end{document}, we prove the sharp inequalitiesc(G)⩽[r(n−2)−2]/(2r2+2r−1)−1 and α′(G)⩾n/2−rb/(2r+1). Usingb⩽[(2r−1)n+2]/(4r2+4r−2), we obtain a simple proof of the boundproved by Henning and Yeo. For each of these bounds and eachr, the approach using balloons allows us to determine the infinite family where equality holds. For the total domination number γt(G) of a cubic graph, we prove γt(G)⩽n/2−b(G)/2 (except that γt(G) may ben/2−1 whenb(G)=3 and the balloons cover all but one vertex). With α′(G)⩾n/2−b(G)/3 for cubic graphs, this improves the known inequality γt(G)⩽α′(G). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 116–131, 2010
Comparison of neem or oregano with thiram on organic matter decomposition of a sand loam soil amended with compost, and on soil biological activity
Authors: Gougoulias Nikolaos , Vagelas Ioannis , Vasilakoglou Ioannis , Gravanis Fotios , Louka Aida , Wogiatzi Eleni , Chouliaras Nikolaos 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Oregano essential oil and neem have been reported to be effective against soil‐borne pathogens and nematodes. The possibility of having an effect on soil properties was the aim of this investigation. Moreover, thiram, a common widely used chemical pesticide, was used for comparison.RESULTS:The effects of all three above‐mentioned substances were investigated during an incubation experiment, for 15 weeks. Crushed neem pellets were added at 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 g per 50 g of soil. Oregano dry matter was applied at 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 g per 50 g of soil. Finally, thiram was applied at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g per 50 g of soil. The addition of neem resulted in a decrease in organic carbon mineralisation, higher than that of oregano, but not as prominently as thiram. The addition of neem resulted in an increase in the content of nitrate, organic P, bioavailable P, bioavailable K and bioavailable Mn. Oregano had a slight negative effect on organic matter biodegradation, but caused an increase of nutritional mineral elements. Microbe colonies in soil were increased by the addition of neem cake granules, whereas oregano and thiram treatments caused a decrease. The addition of thiram reduced nitrate and available Mn contents, but at the lowest dose increased organic P and available K. Thiram reduced prominently available Cu at the upper rates, but it increased these forms at the lowest rate, while available Zn content was increased in two lowest rates.CONCLUSION:The results of this study indicated that neem or oregano could be applied to the soil without any extremely negative effect on the available forms of nutritional mineral elements, as thiram does. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular semiconductor blends: Microstructure, charge carrier transport, and application in photovoltaic cells
Authors: Opitz Andreas , Wagner Julia , Brütting Wolfgang , Hinderhofer Alexander , Schreiber Frank 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmbipolar organic semiconductor blends, i.e. mixtures of electron and hole conducting materials, attain growing interest due to their utilization in quasi‐complementary organic field‐effect transistors and organic photovoltaic cells. Many investigations in the latter field have reported an increase of the solar cell efficiency by optimizing the balance between charge carrier transport in phase‐separated structures and exciton dissociation at the interface between these phases. Here we show the implications of blending molecular materials for structural, optical, and electrical properties in two model systems for organic photovoltaic cells. We have investigated blends and neat films of the hole transporting material Cu‐phthalocyanine (CuPc) together with fullerene C60 and Cu‐hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) as electron transporting materials, respectively. On the one hand, the difference in molecular structure of the spherical C60 and the planar molecule CuPc leads to nanophase separation in a blend of both of them, causing charge carrier transport being limited by the successful formation of percolation paths. On the other hand, blends of the similar shaped CuPc and F16CuPc molecules entail mixed crystalline films, as can be clearly seen by X‐ray scattering measurements. We discuss differences of both systems with respect to their microstructure as well as their electrical transport properties in diodes and field‐effect transistors. Furthermore, we compare the photovoltaic properties of planar‐ and bulk‐heterojunction devices under white light illumination to relate the different morphologies of both material systems to their performance in solar cells.magnified imageSketches of different molecular arrangements in blended systems. The formation of phase‐separated (left) or molecularly mixed crystalline films (right) can occur, depending on the geometry of the involved molecules.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of complexes between peptide‐derived Amadori products and borate ions
Authors: Kijewska Monika , Kluczyk Alicja , Stefanowicz Piotr , Szewczuk Zbigniew 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHexose‐modified peptides, products of the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycated proteins, could be used as markers of diabetes mellitus, the aging process and other diseases. The main difficulty in this approach is the detection of glycated peptides in the complex mixtures of compounds. In this study we investigated the formation of borate complexes of the peptide‐derived Amadori products by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments. It was found that the formation of a complex with the borate ion stabilizes the sugar moiety, resulting in the simplification of the fragmentation patterns of peptide‐derived Amadori products. The level of dehydration, as well as the elimination of formaldehyde from the precursor ions of borate complexes, was lower as compared to the free peptide. On the other hand the intensity of the b‐ and y‐type ions for borate complexes is significantly higher in comparison to the free peptide‐derived Amadori product. Moreover, the elimination of a whole hexose moiety was not detected in the examined peptides. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notes on some Avian Species of Ascaridia
Authors: Kung C. C. 
Published: November 2009

A large collection of avian Ascaridia from a wide diversity of hosts and localities is reported upon. It comprised six species, A. galli, A. columbae, A. compar, A. cristata, A. hermaphrodita and A. numidae. Their morphology is examined critically with reference to previous descriptions, especially in the case of A. columbae, A. cristata, A. hermaphrodita and A. compar, and a new variety of A. columbae is described.The taxonomic significance of spicule morphology and the tubercles on the ventral surface of the male tail in Ascaridia is discussed.
On Physaloptera lumsdeni n. sp. from a Bush-baby in Tanganyika, with a Note on Abbreviata caucasica
Authors: Liang-Sheng Yeh 
Published: November 2009

A number of these specimens were available for study. They were collected from the stomach of Galago crassicaudatus agisymbanus (Coquerel) in Tanganyika Territory by Dr. W. H. R. Lumsden whom I wish to thank for the material.These stout worms have a thick cuticle which is finely striated. The well-developed lateral lips are smooth, hemispherical, each possessing a large triangular external tooth and three smaller internal teeth. There are two prominent papillae towards the dorsal and ventral margins of each lip. The cervical cuticle forms a collar round the anterior end.
On Filaria martis Gmelin, 1790, Newly Recorded from the Leopard with the Description of a New Species of the Genus Filaria Mueller, 1787
Authors: Tadros G. 
Published: November 2009

1. Four worms were recovered from the subcutaneous connective tissue of a leopard. Of these two males and one female were identified as Filaria martis Gmelin, 1790 with the measurements given and a female described as a new species under the name Filaria russelli.2. This finding is the first record of the genus Filaria Mueller, 1787 in a leopard.
Cladoceran community responses to biomanipulation and re‐oligotrophication in Lake Vesijärvi, Finland, as inferred from remains in annually laminated sediment
Authors: NYKÄNEN MIRVA , MALINEN TOMMI , VAKKILAINEN KIRSI , LIUKKONEN MIKKO , KAIRESALO TIMO 
Published: November 2009

Summary1. We studied the role of zooplankton in biomanipulation and the subsequent recovery phase in the Enonselkä basin of Lake Vesijärvi, using subfossil cladocerans in annually laminated sediment. Measures to restore the Enonselkä basin included reduction in external nutrient loading and mass removal of plankti‐ and benthivorous fish. Water clarity increased and the lake changed from a eutrophic to a mesotrophic state. However, some signs of increased turbidity were observed after 5–10 years of successful recovery.2. Annual laminae in a freeze core sample were identified and sliced, based on the seasonal succession of diatoms. Cladoceran remains and rotifer eggs were counted, and Daphnia ephippia and Eubosmina and Bosmina ephippia and carapaces were measured. Annual changes in pelagic species composition were studied with principal component analysis. Individual species abundance, size measurements and various cladoceran‐based indices or ratios (commonly used to reconstruct changes in trophic state and fish predation) were tested for change between four distinct periods: I (1985–1988) dense fish stocks, poor water quality; II (1989–1992) fish removal; III (1993–1997) low fish density, improved water quality; IV (1998–2002) slightly increased fish density and poorer water quality.3. After the removal of fish, the mean size of Daphnia ephippia and Eubosmina crassicornis ephippia and carapaces increased significantly. In contrast, the percentage of Daphnia did not increase. When based on ephippia, the ratio Daphnia/(Daphnia + E. crassicornis) increased, but the interpretation was obscured by the tolerance of fish predation by small Daphnia and by the fact that bosminids were the preferred food of roach. Moreover, ephippial production by E. crassicornis decreased in recent years.4. The abundance of Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Limnosida frontosa increased significantly after the fish population was reduced, while that of Ceriodaphnia and rotifers decreased.5. The expanding littoral vegetation along with improved water clarity was clearly reflected in the concentration of littoral species in the deep sediment core. The species diversity index for the entire subfossil community also increased.6. The period of faltering recovery was characterised by greater interannual variability and an increased percentage of rotifers. Nevertheless, the mean sizes of Daphnia ephippia and E. crassicornis ephippia and carapaces indicated a low density of fish. The deteriorating water quality was apparently related to multiple stressors in the catchment after rehabilitation, such as intensified lakeshore building, as well as to exceptional weather conditions, challenging the management methods in use.
A comprehensive model of the process of telephone nursing
Authors: Greenberg Mary Elizabeth 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTitle.  A comprehensive model of the process of telephone nursing. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to develop a theoretical model of the process nurses use to deliver care over the telephone.Background.  Telephone nursing is practised internationally in diverse settings, and research has shown it to be an effective service. Although studies have identified important variables that influence the practice, the telephone nursing process in its entirety has not been described.Method.  In this grounded theory study, data were collected from ten experienced telephone nurses from four different sites using semi‐structured interviews. Concurrent data collection and analysis took place in 2005. A cumulative process of theoretical sampling and constant comparison was used to identify initial concepts, and then expand, validate, and clarify them until the concepts and relationships were fully developed. The findings were validated through peer and participant review.Findings.  Telephone nursing is a dynamic and goal‐oriented process consisting of three phases: gathering information, cognitive processing, and output. While generally sequential, the phases can be simultaneous or recurring in response to caller needs. Interpreting takes place throughout the call; that is, the nurse translates data from the caller into healthcare information and healthcare information into caller language. Factors shaping the process are call prioritization and level of complexity, resource availability, and the nurse’s need for validation.Conclusion.  Telephone nursing training and practice should emphasize gathering information, using implicit and explicit information to identify client needs, and translating healthcare information back into language comprehensible to clients.
Establishment, characterization, virus susceptibility and transfection of cell lines from cobia, Rachycentron canadum (L.), brain and fin
Authors: Cheng T‐C , Lai Y‐S , Lin I‐Y , Wu C‐P , Chang S‐L , Chen T‐I , Su M‐S 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEstablishment and characterization of two cobia, Rachycentron canadum, cell lines derived from cobia brain (CB) and cobia fin (CF) are described. Caudal fin and brain from juvenile cobia were dissociated for 30 and 10 min, respectively, in phosphate‐buffered saline containing 0.25% trypsin at 25 °C. The optimal culture condition for both dissociated cells (primary cell culture) was at 28 °C in Leibovitz‐15 medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum. The cells have been sub‐cultured at a ratio of 1:2 for more than 160 passages over a period of 3 years. Origin of the cultured cells was verified by comparison of their sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes (cox I) with the cox 1 sequence from cobia muscle tissue. The cell lines showed polyploidy. No mycoplasma contamination was detected. Susceptibility to grouper iridovirus was observed for the CB cell line but not the CF cell line. Both cell lines expressed green fluorescent protein after being transfected with green fluorescent reporter gene driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter.
Rapid cooling triggers forisome dispersion just before phloem transport stops
Authors: THORPE MICHAEL R. , FURCH ALEXANDRA C. U. , MINCHIN PETER E. H. , FÖLLER JENS , VAN BEL AART J. E. , HAFKE JENS B. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTPhloem transport stops transiently within dicot stems that are cooled rapidly, but the cause remains unknown. Now it is known that (1) rapid cooling depolarizes cell membranes giving a transient increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+, and (2) a rise of free calcium triggers dispersion of forisomes, which then occlude sieve elements (SEs) of fabacean plants. Therefore, we compared the effects of rapid chilling on SE electrophysiology, phloem transport and forisomes in Vicia faba. Forisomes dispersed after rapid cooling with a delay that was longer for slower cooling rates. Phloem transport stopped about 20 s after forisome dispersion, and then transport resumed and forisomes re‐condensed within similar time frames. Transport interruption and forisome dispersion showed parallel behaviour – a cooling rate‐dependent response, transience and desensitization. Chilling induced both a fast and a slow depolarization of SE membranes, the electrical signature suggesting strongly that the cause of forisome dispersion was the transient promotion of SE free calcium. This apparent block of SEs by dispersed forisomes may be assisted by other Ca2+‐dependent sealing proteins that are present in all dicots.