bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABCG2 reduces ROS‐mediated toxicity and inflammation: a potential role in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Shen Shanshan , Callaghan Debbie , Juzwik Camille , Xiong Huaqi , Huang Peilin , Zhang Wandong 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1590–1604.AbstractAlzheimer’s disease is characterized by accumulation and deposition of Aβ peptides in the brain. Aβ deposition generates reactive‐oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in Alzheimer’s inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology. We have previously observed that, in Alzheimer’s disease brain, ABCG2 is up‐regulated and AP‐1 is activated, but NF‐κB is not activated. In the present study, we examine the roles and mechanism of ABCG2 on ROS generation, inflammatory gene expression and signaling, heme homeostasis and Aβ production in cell models and on inflammatory signaling and Aβ deposition in Abcg2‐knockout and wild‐type mice. Our results show that ABCG2 plays a protective role against oxidative stress by decreasing ROS generation, enhancing antioxidant capacity, regulating heme level, and inhibiting inflammatory response in cell models. ABCG2 inhibits NF‐κB activation but has less effect on AP‐1 activation induced by ROS. This results in inhibition of interleukin‐8 and growth‐related oncogene (GRO) expression induced by ROS via NF‐κB pathway. Abcg2 deficiency increased Aβ deposition and NF‐κB activation in the brains of Abcg2‐knockout mice compared with controls. These findings suggest that ABCG2 may relieve oxidative stress and inflammatory response via inhibiting NF‐κB signaling pathway in cell models and brain tissues and thus may play a potential protective role in Alzheimer’s neuroinflammatory response.
‘The New Suffrage History: Voting Rights in International Perspective’
Authors: Sneider Allison 
Published: July 2010

AbstractScholars of the U.S. woman suffrage movement are paying increased attention to its international dimensions. International organizations like the International Council of Women (1888) and the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (1904) have begun to receive the kind of scrutiny that has traditionally been reserved for domestic suffrage organizations such as the American Woman Suffrage Association (1869), the National Woman Suffrage Association (1869), and the National American Woman Suffrage Association (1890). This attention to suffragists’ international organizing, cross‐border travel, and imperial commitments, including those of individual suffrage activists such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, has made visible the connections between struggles for women’s rights within U.S. borders and at the margins of U.S. territory including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Philippines. In turn, suffrage historians are now contributing to broader disciplinary efforts to internationalize the field of U.S. history and to map the contours of American Empire.
Islam in Northern Mozambique: A Historical Overview
Authors: Bonate Liazzat 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article is a historical overview of two issues: first, that of the dynamics of Islamic religious transformations from pre‐Portuguese era up until the 2000s among Muslims of the contemporary Cabo Delgado, Nampula, and to a certain extent, Niassa provinces. The article argues that historical and geographical proximity of these regions to East African coast, the Comoros and northern Madagascar meant that all these regions shared a common Islamic religious tradition. Accordingly, shifts with regard to religious discourses and practices went in parallel. This situation began changing in the last decade of the colonial era and has continued well into the 2000s, when the so‐called Wahhabis, Sunni Muslims educated in the Islamic universities of the Arab world brought religious outlook that differed significantly from the historical local and regional conceptions of Islam. The second question addressed in this article is about relationships between northern Mozambican Muslims and the state. The article argues that after initial confrontations with Muslims in the sixteenth century and up until the last decade of the colonial era, the Portuguese rule pursued no concerted effort in interfering in the internal Muslim religious affairs. Besides, although they occupied and destroyed some of the Swahili settlements, in particular in southern and central Mozambique, other Swahili continued to thrive in northern Mozambique and maintained certain independence from the Portuguese up until the twentieth century. Islam there remained under the control of the ruling Shirazi clans with close political, economic, kinship and religious ties to the Swahili world. By establishing kinship and politico‐economic ties with the ruling elites of the mainland in the nineteenth century, these families were also instrumental in expanding Islam into the hinterland. Only at the beginning of the twentieth century, the Portuguese rule took full control of the region as a result of military conquests of the ‘effective occupation’, and imposed new legal and administrative colonial system, called Indigenato, impacting Muslims of northern Mozambique to a great extent. After the independence in 1975, and especially since 1977, the post‐independence Frelimo government adopted militant atheism and socialist Marxism, which was short‐lived and was abolished in 1983 owing to popular resistance and especially, because of government’s perception that its religious policies were fuelling the opposition groups to take arms and join the civil war. The 1980s and 1990s were marked by an acute rivalry and conflicts between the two emerging national umbrella Islamic organizations, the Islamic Council and the Islamic Congress, each representing largely pro‐Sufi and anti‐Sufi positions. In the 2000s, these organizations became overshadowed by new and more dynamic organizations, such as Ahl Al‐Sunna.
Therapeutic approaches to epileptogenesis—Hope on the horizon
Authors: Pitkänen Asla 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPrevention of epileptogenesis is an unmet need in medicine. During the last 3 years, however, several preclinical studies have demonstrated remarkable favorable effects of novel treatments on genetic and acquired epileptogenesis. These include the use of immunosuppressants and treatments that modify cellular adhesion, proliferation, and/or plasticity. In addition, the use of antiepileptic drugs in rats with genetic epilepsy or proconvulsants in acquired epilepsy models has provided somewhat unexpected favorable effects. This review summarizes these studies, and introduces some caveats when interpreting the data. In particular, the effect of genetic background, the severity of epileptogenic insult, the method and duration of seizure monitoring, and size of animal population are discussed. Furthermore, a novel scheme for defining epileptogenesis‐related terms is presented.
Distinct caspase pathways mediate necrosis and apoptosis in subpopulations of hippocampal neurons after status epilepticus
Authors: Lopez‐Meraz Maria‐Leonor , Niquet Jerome , Wasterlain Claude G. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryStatus epilepticus in the immature brain induces neuronal injury in the hippocampal formation, but the mode and mechanism of death are poorly understood. Our laboratory has recently investigated the role of caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 in neuronal injury, using a lithium–pilocarpine model of status epilepticus in 2‐week‐old rat pups. Our results showed that dying neurons in the dentate gyrus and CA1‐subiculum area do not share the same mechanism of death. In CA1‐subiculum, caspase‐8 upregulation preceded caspase‐3 activation in morphologically necrotic neurons. The pan‐caspase inhibitor Q‐VD‐OPH reduced CA1 damage, showing that caspases contribute to status epilepticus–induced necrosis. In the dentate gyrus, dying neurons were caspase‐9 and ‐3 immunoreactive and morphologically apoptotic. It is not clear why the same seizures cause different types of cell death in neurons that are connected in series along the same hippocampal circuit, but the apoptotic dentate neurons express doublecortin, and do not express calbindin‐D28k, suggesting that their immaturity may be a factor in producing an apoptotic mode of death.
Immunohistochemical characteristics of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma: comparison with conventional papillary carcinoma
Authors: KOO JA SEUNG , SHIN EUNAH , HONG SOON WON 
Published: July 2010

Koo JS, Shin E, Hong SW. Immunohistochemical characteristics of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma: comparison with conventional papillary carcinoma. APMIS 2010; 118: 744–52.Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma (DSVPC) is a rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). It shows different clinicopathologic features to the conventional PTC, but the immunohistochemical characteristics of DSVPC are yet to be more clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical features of DSVPC, which are different from those of PTC. Tissue microarray was constructed from the paraffin‐embedded tissue of 49 DSVPC and 50 conventional PTC samples. Immunohistochemical stains for p63, p53, galectin‐3, cytokeratin 19, β‐catenin, Bcl‐2, EMA, E‐cadherin, CD15, and CD56 were performed on each tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical stain for p63 was negative in all conventional PTCs, but 14 (28.6%) cases of DSVPC showed p63 expression (p = 0.000). p53 was expressed in 38 (76.0%) cases of conventional PTC and 21 (42.9%) cases of DSVPC (p = 0.001). Galectin‐3 was expressed in all 50 cases of conventional PTC, but eight (16.3%) cases of DSVPC did not express galectin‐3 (p = 0.003). EMA was expressed more in DSVPC (40.8%) than in conventional PTC (20.0%, p = 0.024). In univariate analyses, Bcl‐2 positivity (p = 0.016) and EMA negativity (p = 0.036) in DSVPC were associated with shorter time interval to tumor recurrence, but there was no significance for the two in multivariate analyses. DSVPC, a rare variant of PTC, has different immunohistochemical features from the conventional PTC, showing higher expression rate of p63 and lower expression rate of p53. It also shows galectin‐3 negativity and EMA positivity.
An international survey of EEG use in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Boylan GB , Burgoyne L , Moore C , O’Flaherty B , Rennie JM 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:  To examine the extent of EEG monitoring in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and to survey the level of experience and training of those using it.Study design:  A web‐based survey, the link to which was circulated via e‐mail, personal contact, specialist societies and professional groups. Survey data were exported to SPSS for analysis.Results:  In total 210 surveys were analysed; 124 from Europe, 54 from the US. Ninety percent of respondents had access to either EEG or aEEG monitoring; 51% had both. EEG was mainly interpreted by neurophysiologists (72%) whereas aEEG was usually interpreted by neonatologists (80%). Only 9% of respondents reported that they felt ‘very confident’ in their ability to interpret aEEG/EEG with 31% reporting that they were ‘not confident’. Half had received no formal training in EEG.Conclusion:  Both aEEG and conventional EEG were used extensively in the NICUs surveyed for this study. Most of the survey respondents were not confident in their ability to interpret EEGs despite the fact that they used monitoring routinely. There is an urgent need for a structured and appropriately targeted training programme in EEG methodologies and EEG interpretation for neonatal intensive care unit staff.
Experiences and perceptions of oral health and oral health care among a sample of older New Zealanders
Authors: Gregory Jane , Thomson William Murray , Broughton John R. , Cullinan Mary P. , Seymour Gergory J. , Kieser Jules A. , Donaghy Manu‐Aroha , Shearer Dara M. 
Published: July 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00402.xExperiences and perceptions of oral health and oral health care among a sample of older New ZealandersBackground:  Most research on older people’s oral health has been quantitative. A need for more in‐depth understanding of the oral health of that age group has pointed to a need for more qualitative investigations.Objective:  To explore experiences and perceptions of oral health and oral health care among an ethnically‐mixed sample of older New Zealanders.Methods:  In‐depth interviews were conducted with 24 older people in two communities in New Zealand’s South Island. Thematic analysis of transcribed data was undertaken.Results:  Three main themes that emerged were: (1) the processes of negotiating a tension between cost and convenience of access; (2) the experiential constraining of oral health maintenance; and (3) trusting in dental professionals. These serve to organise processes such as normalising, justifying and social comparisons that create an equilibrium or tolerance and acceptance of what might otherwise be considered to be relatively poor oral health.Conclusions:  We identified a number of shared experiences which affect older people’s ability to maintain their oral health in the face of material and social barriers to oral health care. Because expectations were generally lower, there was greater concordance between experience and expectation, and people tended to be fairly satisfied with their oral health and the care they had received.
Single nucleotide polymorphism rs2229634 in the ITPR3 gene is associated with the risk of developing coronary artery aneurysm in children with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Huang Y.‐C. , Lin Y.‐J. , Chang J.‐S. , Chen S.‐Y. , Wan L. , Sheu J. J.‐C. , Lai C.‐H. , Lin C.‐W. , Liu S.‐P. , Chen C.‐P. , Tsai F.‐J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryKawasaki disease (KD) is the most common form of pediatric vasculitis. Though its etiology is unknown, researchers have suggested that it is related to genetics. The inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor type 3 (ITPR3) gene has a strong association with the development of type 1 diabetes and, plays a critical role in the development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Graves’ disease. The aim of study is to examine the association of ITPR3 polymorphisms with KD risk in Taiwanese children. This study evaluates the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs2229634 in the ITPR3 gene with KD in a case‐control study involving 93 KD patients and 680 healthy, gender‐ and age‐matched controls. The frequency of the rs2229634 T/T genotype was significantly higher in KD patients with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) than in patients without CAA [odds ratio (OR) = 2.56, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.35–4.88, P = 0.004]. In addition, KD patients with the T/T genotype elevated mean serum levels of C‐reactive protein compared with patients with the C/C or C/T genotype (12.2 mg dL−1 vs. 8.5 mg dL−1, P = 0.036). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the rs2229634 SNP in the ITPR3 gene is associated with the risk of CAA formation in Taiwanese KD patients.
An observer's view of simulated galaxies: disc-to-total ratios, bars and (pseudo-)bulges
Authors: Scannapieco Cecilia , Gadotti Dimitri A. , Jonsson Patrik , White Simon D. M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We use cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of the formation of Milky Way-mass galaxies to study the relative importance of the main stellar components, i.e. discs, bulges and bars, at redshift zero. The main aim of this Letter is to understand if estimates of the structural parameters of these components determined from kinematics (as is usually done in simulations) agree well with those obtained using a photometric bulge/disc/bar decomposition (as done in observations). To perform such a comparison, we have produced synthetic observations of the simulation outputs with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code sunrise and used the budda code to make 2D photometric decompositions of the resulting images (in the i and g bands). We find that the kinematic disc-to-total (D/T) ratio estimates are systematically and significantly lower than the photometric ones. While the maximum D/T ratios obtained with the former method are of the order of 0.2, they are typically &gt;0.4, and can be as high as 0.7, according to the latter. The photometric decomposition shows that many of the simulated galaxies have bars, with Bar/T ratios in the range 0.2–0.4, and that bulges have in all cases low Sérsic indices, resembling observed pseudo-bulges instead of classical ones. Simulated discs, bulges and bars generally have similar g−i colours, which are in the blue tail of the distribution of observed colours. This is not due to the presence of young stars, but rather due to low metallicities and poor gas content in the simulated galaxies, which makes dust extinction low. Photometric decompositions thus match the component ratios usually quoted for spiral galaxies better than kinematic decompositions, but the shift is insufficient to make the simulations consistent with observed late-type systems.
Marital Functioning and Physical Health: Implications for Social and Personality Psychology
Authors: Slatcher Richard B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMarriage – the most important adult relationship in most people’s lives – has been theorized to affect biological processes, physical health, and mortality. This article highlights key findings in marriage and health research, focusing on the interpersonal processes through which marriage has been proposed to affect health. A model of marriage and health is presented that incorporates both main and stress‐moderating effects of negative marital experiences –marital strain– and positive marital experiences –marital strength. Although many more studies have investigated marital strain than marital strength, current evidence suggests that both have potent effects on biology and health. The article concludes with a discussion of implications of this research for social and personality psychology, focusing on insights that may be gained from basic relationship science. Examples of three areas of relationship research – intimacy processes, commitment processes, and dyadic analysis – and their potential relevance for marriage and health research are presented.
The impacts of Miscanthus×giganteus production on the Midwest US hydrologic cycle
Authors: VANLOOCKE ANDY , BERNACCHI CARL J. , TWINE TRACY E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPerennial grasses are being considered as candidates for biofuel feedstocks to provide an alternative energy source to fossil fuels. Miscanthus×giganteus (miscanthus), in particular, is a grass that is predicted to provide more energy per sown area than corn ethanol and reduce net carbon dioxide emissions by increasing the storage of carbon belowground. Miscanthus uses more water than Zea mays (maize), mainly as a result of a longer growing season and higher productivity. Conversion of current land use for miscanthus production will likely disrupt regional hydrologic cycles, yet the magnitude, timing, and spatial distribution of effects are unknown. Here, we show the effects of five different scenarios of miscanthus production on the simulated Midwest US hydrologic cycle. Given the same historic precipitation observations, our ecosystem model simulation results show that on an annual basis miscanthus uses more water than the ecosystems it will likely replace. The actual timing and magnitude of increased water loss to the atmosphere depends on location; however, substantial increases only occur when miscanthus fraction cover exceeds 25% in dry regions and 50% in nearly all of the Midwest. Our results delineate where large‐scale land use conversion to perennial biofuel grasses might deplete soil water resources. Given the fact that some watersheds within the Midwest already have depleted water resources, we expect our results to inform decisions on where to grow perennial grasses for biofuel use to ensure sustainability of energy and water resources, and to minimize the potential for deleterious effects to water quantity and quality.
Bacterial Community and “
Candidatus
Accumulibacter” Population Dynamics in Laboratory-Scale Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Reactors
Authors: He Shaomei , Bishop Forrest I. , McMahon Katherine D. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

“
Candidatus
Accumulibacter” and total bacterial community dynamics were studied in two lab-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) reactors by using a community fingerprint technique, automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). We first evaluated the quantitative capability of ARISA compared to quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). ARISA and qPCR provided comparable relative quantification of the two dominant “
Ca
. Accumulibacter” clades (IA and IIA) detected in our reactors. The quantification of total “
Ca
. Accumulibacter” 16S rRNA genes relative to that from the total bacterial community was highly correlated, with ARISA systematically underestimating “
Ca
. Accumulibacter” abundance, probably due to the different normalization techniques applied. During 6 months of normal (undisturbed) operation, the distribution of the two clades within the total “
Ca
. Accumulibacter” population was quite stable in one reactor while comparatively dynamic in the other reactor. However, the variance in the clade distribution did not appear to affect reactor performance. Instead, good EBPR activity was positively associated with the abundance of total “
Ca
. Accumulibacter.” Therefore, we concluded that the different clades in the system provided functional redundancy. We disturbed the reactor operation by adding nitrate together with acetate feeding in the anaerobic phase to reach initial reactor concentrations of 10 mg/liter NO
3
-N for 35 days. The reactor performance deteriorated with a concomitant decrease in the total “
Ca
. Accumulibacter” population, suggesting that a population shift was the cause of performance upset after a long exposure to nitrate in the anaerobic phase.
Towards Glycoengineering in Archaea: Replacement of
Haloferax volcanii
AglD with Homologous Glycosyltransferases from Other Halophilic Archaea
Authors: Calo Doron , Eilam Yael , Lichtenstein Rachel G. , Eichler Jerry 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Like eukarya and bacteria, archaea also perform N-glycosylation. However, the N-linked glycans of archaeal glycoproteins present a variety not seen elsewhere. Archaea accordingly rely on N-glycosylation pathways likely involving a broad range of species-specific enzymes. To harness the enormous applied potential of such diversity for the generation of glycoproteins bearing tailored N-linked glycans, the development of an appropriate archaeal glycoengineering platform is required. With a sequenced genome, a relatively well-defined N-glycosylation pathway, and molecular tools for gene manipulation, the haloarchaeon
Haloferax volcanii
(
Hfx. volcanii
) represents a promising candidate. Accordingly, cells lacking AglD, a glycosyltransferase involved in adding the final hexose of a pentasaccharide N-linked to the surface (S)-layer glycoprotein, were transformed to express AglD homologues from other haloarchaea. The introduction of nonnative versions of AglD led to the appearance of an S-layer glycoprotein similar to the protein from the native strain. Indeed, mass spectrometry confirmed that AglD and its homologues introduce the final hexose to the N-linked S-layer glycoprotein pentasaccharide. Heterologously expressed haloarchaeal AglD homologues contributed to N-glycosylation in
Hfx. volcanii
despite an apparent lack of AglD function in those haloarchaea from where the introduced homologues came. For example, although functional in
Hfx. volcanii
, no transcription of the
Halobacterium salinarum aglD
homologue,
OE1482
, was detected in cells of the native host grown under various conditions. Thus, at least one AglD homologue works more readily in
Hfx. volcanii
than in the native host. These results warrant the continued assessment of
Hfx. volcanii
as a glycosylation “workshop.”