bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular Fluid Content Evaluated by Ultrasound Image Computer‐Assisted Analysis Increases with Small‐Dose Multiple GnRH Injections in Rams
Authors: Ungerfeld R , Fila D 
Published: December 2010

ContentsThe aim of the work was to determine whether multiple small doses of GnRH induce an increase in testicular blood flow and scrotal temperature in rams. The experiment was performed during the late breeding season (May–June) with 14 one‐year‐old rams. Seven rams received hourly doses of 7 ng of a GnRH analogue (busereline acetate) iv starting at 8:00 on the morning, and the other seven rams remained as controls. One week later, treatments were overcrossed. One hour before the first GnRH dose (7:00), and 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 h later, ultrasonographic examinations of the testes were performed with a B‐mode ultrasound scanner with a 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. Each testicle was examined separately by placing the transducer vertically. Images were analysed with specific software using the spot metering technique in four spots with a diameter of 1 cm on the same place of the image. At the same times, rectal, anal and scrotal surface temperatures were measured with a laser thermometer. Pixel intensity was lower with time (blacker, p < 0.0001), as a consequence of GnRH treatment (p < 0.0001). Differences between pixel intensities were significant starting 1 h after the first GnRH dose (p < 0.0001). Perineal temperature (33.9 ± 0.2°C) was not affected by treatment or time (p > 0.1). Rectal temperature was similar in both groups (p < 0.05) until 4 h after the beginning of the treatment (13:00 h). The differences between treatments increased since 4 h after the first dose of GnRH. Scrotal surface temperatures were not affected by treatment (p > 0.1). We concluded that multiple small GnRH doses trigger a rapid increase in testicular fluid content not accompanied by changes on scrotal surface temperature.
The Expression of Thrombopoietin and its Receptor During Different Physiological Stages in the Bovine Ovary
Authors: Sarkar M , Schilffarth S , Schams D , Meyer HHD , Berisha B 
Published: December 2010

ContentsThrombopoietin (TPO) is known to be involved in megakaryocytopoiesis, but its role in the control of ovarian function is unknown in cattle. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the expression of TPO and its receptor (c‐MPL) in detail in bovine corpus luteum (CL) obtained from different stages of the oestrous cycle and during pregnancy – and to demonstrate that TPO/c‐MPL system is expressed clearly in bovine follicles. Real‐time RT‐PCR (qPCR) and ELISA were applied to investigate mRNA expression of examined factors and TPO protein, respectively. In this investigation, increases in the concentrations of TPO protein and the mRNA expression of TPO and c‐MPL were noticed during both early luteal stage and late luteal stage of the oestrous cycle. Furthermore, the expression of TPO/c‐MPL system does not show any significant regulation in the CL throughout pregnancy. Highest co‐expression of TPO/c‐MPL system in both theca interna (TI) and granulosa cells (GC) in small follicles (<10 mm in diameter) was observed in this study that may suggest the possible role of TPO/c‐MPL system in proliferation of TI and GC cells. To conclude, the results demonstrate the possible involvement of locally produced TPO/c‐MPL system as a ‘physiological filter’ in bovine ovary where they may promote cell selection by inducing proliferation of viable cells and scavenging non‐viable cells and thereby may play an important role in modulation of ovarian function.
The Comparison of Antioxidative/Oxidative Profile in Blood, Colostrum and Milk of Early Post‐partum Cows and Their Newborns
Authors: Albera E , Kankofer M 
Published: December 2010

ContentsAct of delivery is supposed to be connected with antioxidative/oxidative imbalance not only in female but also in her newborn. The aim of the study was to compare antioxidative/oxidative profile of cows and their newborns in blood, colostrum and milk during early post‐partum period. Twenty‐five healthy pregnant cows and their newborns were included into study. Blood and colostrum/milk samples were obtained immediately after parturition, 24, 48 h as well as 6 and 12 days post‐partum. Parameters of antioxidative defence including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) as well as parameters of lipid (LPI) and protein (SH) peroxidation intensity were determined spectrophotometrically. Obtained results indicated dynamic changes in values of examined parameters during time of experiment, which were significantly marked between 24 and 48 h post‐partum, and the relationship between mother and her newborn. All parameters except for GSH‐Px were markedly higher in blood of newborns as in their mothers. Moreover, TAC and GSH‐Px in colostrum were lower as in blood of mothers and their newborns during first 24 h and showed opposite relationship later on. LPI was higher in colostrum as in plasma of mothers and their newborns during first 48 h, while SH was lower in colostrum as in plasma of examined animals. Values of antioxidative parameters increased significantly within examined period of time, while the content of SH groups tended to decrease and lipid peroxidation intensity fluctuated. Dynamics in changes of examined parameters may suggest temporary imbalance in antioxidative/oxidative status and adequate answer of organism to current challenge resulting from overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Present study may bring new knowledge into studies of post‐parturient and post‐natal period in cows and calves and may help preventing from diseases of this period.
Closing the gap: Supporting occupational therapists to partner effectively with First Australians
Authors: Nelson Alison , Gray Marion , Jensen Heather , Thomas Yvonne , McIntosh Kelli , Oke Lin , Paluch Tamar 
Published: January 2011

Background/aim: Occupational therapists need to be able to work competently with all clients, including First Australians. Currently, there are no national standards for occupational therapists working with First Australian clients. This article presents current issues in practice and education with First Australians and makes recommendations for the future.Methods: A survey of 41 occupational therapists working with, or interested in First Australian health issues was conducted at a workshop held at the Australian National Occupational Therapy Conference in 2008. Results of the workshop group discussions were also collated.Results: Several themes emerged from both survey data and discussions. A substantial proportion of participants rated their confidence and competence to work with First Australians as low to moderate. Higher levels of perceived confidence and competence were associated with current experience in the field. Discussions centred around six major themes: building relationships, service provision and design, education and training of occupational therapists, increasing First Australian representation within occupational therapy, professional issues and political issues. These themes were further collapsed into areas of action, which could be taken by individuals, managers, researchers and professional bodies to improve practice with First Australians.Conclusions: Occupational therapists will benefit from coordinated efforts, on individual and systemic levels, to work more effectively, and in partnership with, First Australians. Such developments should include guidelines for practice, education and research; professional development and networking opportunities; and improved collaboration, especially with First Australian partners, on a national level.
When should we expect no residual tumor (pT0) once we submit incidental T1a‐b prostate cancers to radical prostatectomy?
Authors: Capitanio Umberto , Briganti Alberto , Suardi Nazareno , Gallina Andrea , Salonia Andrea , Freschi Massimo , Rigatti Patrizio , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: December 2010

Objectives:  To date, no tool exists to predict pT0 at radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with T1a–T1b prostate cancer (PCa) after surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (SxBPH). We aimed to fill this gap by developing a user‐friendly flowchart to assist urologists when incidental PCa is diagnosed and a clinical decision is required.Methods:  We analyzed 158 T1a–T1b prostate cancers patients who underwent RP between 1996 and 2009. A risk stratification tool was developed applying the tree modeling technique of classification and regression tree analysis (CART) and relying on all the available pre‐RP characteristics (age, prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] before SxBPH, PSA after SxBPH, cT1a–T1b stage, prostate volume and Gleason sum at SxBPH). Then, the accuracy of the proposed model using 200 bootstrap resamples for internal validation was calculated.Results:  A total of 95 patients (60.1%) were stage T1a, and 63 (39.9%) were stage T1b. The median values of PSA before and after SxBPH were 4.2 and 1.1 ng/mL, respectively. A total of 22 patients (13.9%) showed no residual tumor (pT0) at RP. The CART analyses identified three groups at risk of having residual disease at RP: (i) PSA after SxBPH > 1.0 ng/mL (pT0 prevalence: 3.8%); (ii) PSA after SxBPH < 1.0 ng/mL and PSA before SxBPH > 2.0 ng/mL (pT0 prevalence: 14.8%); and (iii) PSA after SxBPH < 1.0 ng/mL and PSA before SxBPH < 2.0 ng/mL (pT0 prevalence: 42.3%). The accuracy of the proposed model was 77.1%. Clinical stage (T1a vs T1b) was not associated with pT0 (P = 0.4).Conclusions:  Clinical stage (T1a vs T1b) assessment does not help in predicting pT0 cases. An accurate and clinically useful flowchart to predict pT0 at RP after incidental prostate cancer diagnosis is provided herein.
Organization of GABAergic inhibition in the motor output layer of the superior colliculus
Authors: Sooksawate Thongchai , Isa Kaoru , Behan Mary , Yanagawa Yuchio , Isa Tadashi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe direction and amplitude of saccadic eye movements are determined by the location of the center of gravity of burst activity over a neuronal population on the spatial map of the intermediate gray layer (SGI) of the superior colliculus (SC). GABAergic interneurons might play critical roles in shaping the activation field on the topographical map but, to understand the mechanism, basic information on the organization of inhibitory circuits is essential. In the present study, we investigated the electrophysiological and morphological properties of GABAergic neurons in SGI by whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings and intracellular staining using biocytin in GAD67‐GFP knock‐in mice (PND17‐22), in which GABAergic neurons specifically express GFP fluorescence. The most common firing properties among these GABAergic neurons (n = 231) were fast spiking (58%), followed by burst spiking (29%), late spiking (8%) and, the least common, regular spiking (2%) and rapid spike inactivation (3%). Morphological analysis of axonal trajectories of intracellularly‐labeled GABAergic neurons revealed three major subclasses: (i) intralaminar interneurons, which were further divided into two subclasses, local and horizontal interneurons; (ii) interlaminar interneurons; and (iii) commissural and tectofugal neurons. These results reveal distinct subsets of GABAergic neurons including neurons that mediate local and long‐range inhibition in the SC, neurons that potentially modulate visual and other sensory inputs to the SC, and neurons that project to nuclei outside the SC.
Cholinergic and non‐cholinergic mesopontine tegmental neurons projecting to the subthalamic nucleus in the rat
Authors: Kita Takako , Kita Hitoshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) receives cholinergic and non‐cholinergic projections from the mesopontine tegmentum. This study investigated the numbers and distributions of neurons involved in these projections in rats using Fluorogold retrograde tracing combined with immunostaining of choline acetyltransferase and a neuron‐specific nuclear protein. The results suggest that a small population of cholinergic neurons mainly in the caudoventral part of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN), approximately 360 neurons (≈10% of the total) in the homolateral and 80 neurons (≈2%) in the contralateral PPN, projects to the STN. In contrast, the number of non‐cholinergic neurons projecting to the STN was estimated to be nine times as much, with approximately 3300 in the homolateral side and 1300 in the contralateral side. A large gathering of the Fluorogold‐labeled non‐cholinergic neurons was found rostrodorsomedial to the caudolateral PPN. The biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) anterograde tracing method was used to substantiate the mesopontine–STN projections. Injection of BDA into the caudoventral PPN labeled numerous thin fibers with small en‐passant varicosities in the STN. Injection of BDA into the non‐cholinergic neuron‐rich area labeled a moderate number of thicker fibers with patches of aggregates of larger boutons. The densities of labeled fibers and the number of retrogradely labeled cells in the mesopontine tegmentum suggested that the terminal field formed in the STN by each cholinergic neuron is more extensive than that formed by each non‐cholinergic neuron. The findings suggest that cholinergic and non‐cholinergic mesopontine afferents may carry different information to the STN.
The cephalic sense organs of adult female Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea)
Authors: Trett M. W. , Lee D. L. 
Published: December 2010

The ultrastructure of the cephalic sense organs of Hummerschmidtiella diesingi (Hammer‐Schmidt, 1838), a parasite of cockroaches, is described using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The four cephalic papillae are apparently mechanoreceptors and terminate as flattened dendritic processes within the cuticle. The hypodermis and sheath cells associated with these are described. The amphids resemble those described for other nematodes and are thought to be chemosensory. Each contains six main dendritic processes within the amphidial canal. Double and single microtubules, of varying arrangement, are present within these processes but basal bodies have not been found. The association between the amphids, the amphidial sheath cells and the hypodermis is also described.The inner and outer labial papillary neurons terminate beneath the cuticle and do not innervate cuticular sense organs. The outer labial dendrites, however, do produce dendritic processes.Possible functions of these sense organs are discussed.
Feature and Configuration in Face Processing: Japanese Are More Configural Than Americans
Authors: Miyamoto Yuri , Yoshikawa Sakiko , Kitayama Shinobu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPrevious work suggests that Asians allocate more attention to configuration information than Caucasian Americans do. Yet this cultural variation has been found only with stimuli such as natural scenes and objects that require both feature‐ and configuration‐based processing. Here, we show that the cultural variation also exists in face perception—a domain that is typically viewed as configural in nature. When asked to identify a prototypic face for a set of disparate exemplars, Japanese were more likely than Caucasian Americans to use overall resemblance rather than feature matching. Moreover, in a speeded identity‐matching task, Japanese were more accurate than Americans in identifying the spatial configuration of features (e.g., eyes). Together, these findings underscore the robustness of culture’s influences on cognition.
Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound detection of levonorgestrel IUD in the uterus
Authors: Palo Perth 
Published: December 2010

Background The aim was to study by ultrasound the location of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine device in the uterus in a prospective, open study.Methods. Twenty women of fertile age with normal size uterus were examined transabdominally and transvaginally before and after insertion of levonorgestrel releasing device with three different ultrasound devices.Results. Leumorgeslrel releasing device was detected in all cases in the uterus with both transabdominal and transvaginal probes. The proximal and the distal ends of the vertical arm of the device were detectable. It was possible to ensure the fundal position of the device in the uterusConclusion. Ultrasonography is also well suited for determining the location of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine device within the uterus. Both transabdominal and transvaginal examinations can be used.
Does endometrial resection help dysmenorrhea?
Authors: Molnár Béla G. , Baumann Ralf , Magos Adam L 
Published: December 2010

Background. Menorrhagia is a common symptom and is often associated with dysmenorrhea. Methods. The effect of transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) on dysmenorrhea associated with menorrhagia was investigated in a prospective study. Ninety consecutive women were monitored before surgery and for a period of up to 12 months after resection. The amount of pelvic pain experienced was scored daily on a scale of 0–3, and was timed in relation to menstruation.Results. There was a significant decrease in the level of pain experienced during menstruation and overall during the menstrual cycle (p <0.001), but not in the premenstruum. The effect on pain was immediate and was maintained throughout the follow‐up period of the study. The presence of adenomyosis or leiomyomata in the surgical specimen did not influence the beneficial effect on pain.Conclusions. Based on these findings, dysmenorrhea during menstruation should not be a contraindication to transcervical endometrial resection in women with menorrhagia.
Paratracheal lymph node dissection during laryngectomy after previous (chemo)radiotherapy: a retrospective analysis of complications and histopathological results
Authors: van der Putten L. , de Bree R. , Kuik D.J. , Doornaert P. , Eerenstein S.E.J. , Leemans C.R. 
Published: December 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2011, 36, 37–44Objectives:  To evaluate complications and histopathological results of paratracheal lymph node dissection (PTLND) at laryngectomy after (chemo)radiotherapy.Design, setting and participants:  In a retrospective analysis, complications and histopathological results of paratracheal lymph node dissections were analysed in 191 patients with a recurrent or second primary laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma following radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.Main outcome measures:  The percentage of complications in patients with bilateral, unilateral or without PTLND.Results:  Forty‐seven patients underwent laryngectomy with bilateral paratracheal lymph node dissection, 52 with unilateral and 92 without paratracheal lymph node dissection. Although the difference in total complications was not significant, significantly more fistulae developed in patients with bilateral paratracheal lymph node dissection (40%versus 22%; P = 0.016). In multivariate analysis, this difference maintained significant (P = 0.038). Pathological examination of the lymph node dissection specimen showed tumour in 3 of the 96 ipsilateral dissections (3%) and in 1 of the 50 contralateral dissections (2%). This suggests that if unilateral instead of a bilateral paratracheal lymph node dissection had been performed, 17% less fistulae would have occurred in this group of patients, while paratracheal lymph node (PTLN) metastases would have been missed in one patient. Three of four patients with paratracheal lymph nodeparatracheal lymph node metastases had glottic carcinoma, all with subglottic extension.Conclusion:  Because of the low incidence of lymph node metastases and the increased risk of fistulae, there is a need for a strict selection of patients who need a bilateral paratracheal lymph node dissection at laryngectomy after previous (chemo)radiotherapy.
Long‐term survivability of hydroxyapatite‐coated implants: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou W. , Liu Z. , Xu S. , Hao P. , Xu F. , Sun A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:  Numerous studies have showed a primary stability of dental implant coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). However, over the long‐term stability of the HA‐coated implant the discussion is still controversial. Present study focuses on literature analysis in order to evaluate the long‐term clinic outcome of HA‐coated implants.Materials and methods:  Concerning the survival of HA‐coated implants a systematic search for English literature over clinical trials (published from 1996 to 2009) was performed. On the basis of the inclusion criteria, nine studies were selected for final data analysis, which included 1051 patients with 3470 HA‐coated dental implants. Clinical treatment followed a two stage surgical approach with an unloaded healing period of 3–6 months. The period of clinical follow‐up ranged from 3 to 10 years. The obtained data were statistically analysed using chi‐square test. Cumulative survival rate (CSR) and success rate were calculated.Results:  The overall cumulative survival rate over 5 years was 93.15% compared with the success rate of 86.12%. The 10‐year CSR was 87.39% compared with the 10‐year success rate of 63.84%. There was significant difference between CSR and success rate (P < 0.05). Considering the time factor, the 5‐year CSR is better than the 10‐year results, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05).Conclusions:  The 5‐year CSR is better than the 10‐year results, but without significant difference; the survival rates reported for HA‐coated implants were similar to the other implants, but the success rates were significantly lower than the overall survival rates.
Carnosic acid prevents obesity and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice
Authors: Wang Ting , Takikawa Yasuhiro , Satoh Takumi , Yoshioka Yoshichika , Kosaka Kunio , Tatemichi Yoshinori , Suzuki Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2010

Aim:  Carnosic acid (CA) inhibits adipogenesis in vitro. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of CA in ob/ob mice.Methods:  The experimental animals were given a standard chow diet with or without CA for 5 weeks. Bodyweight gain and food intake were measured during this period. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis, histological examination, serum chemistry analysis and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were all performed.Results:  The mice fed CA experienced significant weight loss and reduced visceral adiposity, in addition to significantly reduced serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels. Importantly, CA had a dramatic effect on the liver by reducing the hepatic TG content, thus decreasing serum alanine aminotransferase levels. In addition, IPGTT revealed that CA significantly improved glucose tolerance.Conclusion:  These data suggest that CA is a novel therapeutic agent for obesity‐related non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.