bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic floor disorders and impact on sexual function: a cross-sectional study among non–sexually active and sexually active women
Authors: Stafne Signe Nilssen , Ulven Silje Kristine Sveen , Prøsch-Bilden Tone , Saga Susan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Pelvic floor disorders are common and associated with impaired sexual function in women.

Aim
To assess women with pelvic floor disorders and describe factors associated with not being sexually active and those associated with sexual function in sexually active women.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted that included nonpregnant women with symptoms of pelvic floor disorders who were referred to the urogynecologic and surgical outpatient clinic at 2 Norwegian university hospitals: St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and the University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø. Women answered a questionnaire anonymously.

Outcomes
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire–IUGA Revised.

Results
Of 157 respondents, 111 (71%) reported being sexually active (with or without a partner), and 46 (29%) reported not being sexually active. As compared with sexually active women, not sexually active women were older (mean ± SD, 60.2 ± 13.3 vs 51 ± 12.1 years; P &lt; .001), more were menopausal (78% vs 47%, P = .001), and more had symptom debut &lt;1 year (31% vs 9%, P &lt; .001). They reported more distress related to pelvic floor disorders, especially pelvic organ prolapse. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, menopausal women and women with symptom debut &lt;1 year were 4 times more likely to be not sexually active than premenopausal women (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.7-9.2) and women with symptom debut ≥1 year (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.5-10.7). In sexually active women, colorectal-anal distress was negatively associated with 5 of 6 domains of sexual function: arousal/orgasm (ß = –0.36; 95% CI, –0.02 to –0.005), partner related (ß = –0.28; 95% CI, –0.01 to –0.002), condition specific (ß = –0.39; 95% CI, –0.002 to –0.009), global quality (ß = –0.23; 95% CI, –0.02 to –0.002), and condition impact (ß = –0.34; 95% CI, –0.02 to –0.006).

Clinical Implications
Health care professionals should discuss sexual function in patients with pelvic floor disorders, especially menopausal women and women with colorectal-anal symptoms.

Strengths and Limitations
The study used condition-specific measures and recruited women from 2 university hospitals with wide range of age. Limitations include the small sample size and wide confidence intervals. The number of women who considered themselves not sexually active was low, and item nonresponse levels among these women where somewhat high. Of 625 eligible women, 200 (32%) answered the questionnaire. Sexual health and sexual function are still surrounded with taboo, and some women were probably not comfortable answering the questions.

Conclusion
Menopausal women and women with recent onset of symptoms of pelvic floor disorders are more likely to be sexually inactive, and colorectal-anal symptoms have the most negative impact on sexual function in sexually active women.
Androgens and erectile dysfunction: from androgen deficiency to treatment
Authors: Wang Yuan , Jiang Rui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Androgens play important roles in regulating the growth and development of the male reproductive system and maintaining libido and erectile function. The specific mechanisms by which androgen deficiency leads to erectile dysfunction (ED) are not yet fully understood.

Objectives
To understand the mechanisms and treatment of androgen deficiency–related ED.

Methods
A literature search in the past 10 years was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar to determine the effects of androgen deficiency on erectile function and the treatment of androgen deficiency.

Results
Androgen deficiency can be caused by hypothalamic-pituitary lesions and injuries, testicular-related diseases and injuries, endocrine and metabolic disorders, the side effects of medication, and age. Androgen deficiency can lead to ED by inhibiting the NOS/NO/cGMP pathway (nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate) and altering the expression of ion channel proteins, as well as by inducing oxidative stress, death, and fibrosis in penile corpus cavernosum cells. Testosterone replacement therapy is effective at improving the serum testosterone levels and erectile function in patients with androgen deficiency. For patients who need to maintain a low androgenic state, erectile function can be improved by lifestyle changes, treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and stem cell therapy.

Conclusions
Androgen deficiency can affect the structure and function of the penile corpus cavernosum, leading to ED. Areas of further study include how androgen replacement therapy can improve erectile function and how to improve the maintenance of erectile function in patients with hypoandrogenic status.
Environmental Influences on the Drying Rate of Spray-Applied Disinfestants from Horticultural Production Surfaces
Authors: Copes Warren E. , Read Quentin , Smith Barbara J. 
Published: May 2024

Drying rates of disinfestants commonly applied to horticultural plant production surfaces were evaluated under cool to hot weather and under laboratory conditions to characterize the range of drying times and how this relates to contact times specified on product labels. Drying rates of six disinfestants (isopropyl alcohol [IPA], two quaternary ammonium compounds [QACs], two peroxygen compounds [PXs], and sodium hypochlorite [bleach]) and water were evaluated when applied to six substrate materials (concrete, galvanized metal, polypropylene ground fabric, polyethylene plastic sheet, pressure-treated pine, and twin-wall clear polycarbonate) based on the weather variables of solar radiation, temperature, and relative humidity. Differences were evident at the point of application. Disinfestants with low (IPA, both QACs, and one PX) and high (bleach, one PX, and water) surface tension provided approximately 100 and 60% coverage, respectively, when applied to horizontal, nonporous solid materials. Disinfestants applied to horizontal porous materials (concrete, fabric, and wood) persisted on the surface for a mean of only 9 to 113 s because solutions were actively drawn into the substrates’ internal structure. Disinfestants applied to vertical twin-wall greenhouse material flowed off, while retaining only a maximum beaded wetness coverage of 14%. A Bayesian analysis procedure was used to model drying effects of disinfestants correlated with substrate and weather variables based on posterior marginal and prediction trends. Generally, the fastest drying rate occurred in the first 2.5 min, and approximately 50% of coverage was retained by 5 min. The evaporative process was variable with distinct interactions occurring among the experimental variables. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.
Mitochondrial Genome Resource of the Cottony Ash Psyllid, a Host of a Newly Identified ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ Bacterium
Authors: Sabaghian Simin , Gorman Zachary , Prager Sean M. , Chen Jianchi , Wallis Christopher M. 
Published: May 2024

Cottony ash psyllid (CAP, Psyllopsis discrepans) is an important, invasive insect pest of ash trees in North America, where it has established populations and is the host of a newly identified strain of ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’. However, not much is known about the diversity of its introduced population. In this study, a CAP mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence was obtained from a collection in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The CAP mitogenome is a circular DNA of 18,824 bp, encoding 13 protein-coding genes, 21 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. BLAST search using the CAP mitogenome as a query against the GenBank sequence database showed the mitogenome of Euphyllura phillyreae (15,202 bp) was the most similar (query coverage = 77%; percentage identity = 78.90%). The CAP mitogenome is significantly different from other known psyllid mitogenomes with the presence of a 4,357-bp control region. The mitogenome sequence will further the genomic understanding of CAP. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.
Beyond the Task: Developing a Tool to Measure Workplace Characteristics That Affect Cognitive Load and Learning
Authors: Blissett Sarah , Rodriguez Sebastian , Qasim Atif , O’Sullivan Patricia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Educators lack tools to measure the workplace characteristics that learners perceive to affect learning. Without a tool that encompasses the social, organizational, and physical components of workplace learning environments (WLEs), it is challenging to identify and improve problematic workplace characteristics. Using echocardiography WLE, this study developed a tool to measure workplace characteristics that cardiology fellows perceive to affect learning.

Method
The Workplace–Cognitive Load Tool (W-CLT) was developed, which encompasses 17 items to measure workplace characteristics that could affect perceived cognitive load and learning. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the most parsimonious structure. A total of 646 cardiology subspeciality fellows were recruited from 60 cardiology fellowship programs to complete the survey between November 2020 and February 2021. Validity evidence was collected, guided by the unified model of validity.

Results
A total of 308 fellows (response rate, 49%) participated in the survey. The most parsimonious structure included 4 factors: (1) workplace-task, (2) workplace-environment, (3) workplace-orientation, and (4) workplace–teaching and feedback. All factors had high reliability (Cronbach α = 0.92, 0.92, 0.96, and 0.94, respectively). Social, organizational, and physical components of WLEs were represented in the items. Workplace–teaching and feedback had moderate negative correlations with workplace-environment (r = −0.41, P < .001) and workplace-orientation (r = −0.36, P < .001). A moderate positive correlation was found between workplace-task and workplace–teaching and feedback (r = 0.42, P < .001). Workplace-task had weak negative correlations with workplace-environment (r = −0.22, P < .001) and workplace-orientation (r = −0.23, P < .001).

Conclusions
The W-CLT measures workplace characteristics that cardiology fellows perceive to affect their learning. The presence of social, organizational, and physical components emphasizes how workplace characteristics can enhance or impede learning. The W-CLT provides a foundation to explore how learning can be optimized in other WLEs.
Conditional survival of male breast cancer
Authors: Fan Yanshuai , Ku Chaoyue , Wang Ruizhe , Wu Binbin , Cui Man , Wang Juan , Deng Miao , Liu Li , Ping Zhiguang 
Published: May 2024

Background
The incidence of male breast cancer has been increasing in recent years; however, the long-term survival outcomes of diagnosed patients remain uncertain. This study was designed to evaluate the conditional survival of male breast cancer patients and to predict the future survival of patients through the conditional nomogram, to provide important suggestions for clinical decision-making.

Methods
Retrospective data from the SEER database included 3600 male breast cancer patients, divided into training and validation groups (7 : 3 ratio). Overall survival rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Conditional survival analysis described survival at specific years. Time-dependent multivariate Cox analysis identified prognostic factors’ impact. The conditional survival nomogram model predicted real-time survival rates.

Results
Over time, the 5-year real-time survival rate of patients gradually improved, increasing from 70.5 to 74.8, 79.4, 85.8, and 92.9% (respectively, representing 5-year survival rates of 1–4 years after diagnosis). In addition, the improvement in conditional survival rate CS5 showed a nonlinear trend. After 5 years of diagnosis, age, tumor size, and tumor stage had a sustained impact on patient prognosis. Finally, a conditional survival nomogram was constructed to predict the 10-year survival rate in real time.

Conclusion
Five years after diagnosis, the conditional survival rate of male patients with breast cancer has improved, but it is not nonlinear. In the first 5 years after diagnosis, patients with older age, larger tumor size, poorer tumor stage, and distant metastasis should be actively followed up and treated to improve their long-term survival.
Evaluation of Published Population Pharmacokinetic Models to Inform Tacrolimus Therapy in Adult Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kirubakaran Ranita , Singh Rani M. , Carland Jane E. , Day Richard O. , Stocker Sophie L. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The applicability of currently available tacrolimus population pharmacokinetic models in guiding dosing for lung transplant recipients is unclear. In this study, the predictive performance of relevant tacrolimus population pharmacokinetic models was evaluated for adult lung transplant recipients.

Methods:
Data from 43 lung transplant recipients (1021 tacrolimus concentrations) administered an immediate-release oral formulation of tacrolimus were used to evaluate the predictive performance of 17 published population pharmacokinetic models for tacrolimus. Data were collected from immediately after transplantation up to 90 days after transplantation. Model performance was evaluated using (1) prediction-based assessments (bias and imprecision) of individual predicted tacrolimus concentrations at the fourth dosing based on 1 to 3 previous dosings and (2) simulation-based assessment (prediction-corrected visual predictive check; pcVPC). Both assessments were stratified based on concomitant azole antifungal use. Model performance was clinically acceptable if the bias was within ±20%, imprecision was ≤20%, and the 95% confidence interval of bias crossed zero.

Results:
In the presence of concomitant antifungal therapy, no model showed acceptable performance in predicting tacrolimus concentrations at the fourth dosing (n = 33), and pcVPC plots displayed poor model fit to the data set. However, this fit slightly improved in the absence of azole antifungal use, where 4 models showed acceptable performance in predicting tacrolimus concentrations at the fourth dosing (n = 33).

Conclusions:
Although none of the evaluated models were appropriate in guiding tacrolimus dosing in lung transplant recipients receiving concomitant azole antifungal therapy, 4 of these models displayed potential applicability in guiding dosing in recipients not receiving concomitant azole antifungal therapy. However, further model refinement is required before the widespread implementation of such models in clinical practice.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Limited Sampling Strategy of Mycophenolate Mofetil for Indian Patients With Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Koloskoff Kévin , Panwar Ritika , Rathi Manish , Mathew Sumith , Sharma Aman , Marquet Pierre , Benito Sylvain , Woillard Jean-Baptiste , Pattanaik Smita 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Mycophenolic acid is widely used to treat lupus nephritis (LN). However, it exhibits complex pharmacokinetics with large interindividual variability. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model and a 3-sample limited sampling strategy (LSS) to optimize therapeutic drug monitoring in Indian patients with LN.

Methods:
Five blood samples from each LN patient treated with mycophenolic acid were collected at steady-state predose and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours postdose. Demographic parameters were tested as covariates to explain interindividual variability. PopPK analysis was performed using Monolix and the stochastic approximation expectation-maximization algorithm. An LSS was derived from 500 simulated pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles using maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation to estimate individual PK parameters and area under the curve (AUC). The LSS-calculated AUC was compared with the AUC calculated using the trapezoidal rule and all the simulated samples.

Results:
A total of 51 patients were included in this study. Based on the 245 mycophenolic acid concentrations, a 1-compartmental model with double absorption using gamma distributions best fitted the data. None of the covariates improved the model significantly. The model was internally validated using diagnostic plots, prediction-corrected visual predictive checks, and bootstrapping. The best LSS included samples at 1, 2, and 4 hours postdose and exhibited good performances in an external dataset (root mean squared error, 21.9%; mean bias, −4.20%).

Conclusions:
The popPK model developed in this study adequately estimated the PK of mycophenolic acid in adult Indian patients with LN. This simple LSS can optimize TDM based on the AUC in routine practice.
Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance Use During Pregnancy in Argentine Women: A Pilot Study Testing Maternal Hair
Authors: Vieiros Melina , Mirahi Afrouz , Villarreal Marina , Ramos-Triguero Anna , Fernández-Rubal Iria , Andreu-Fernández Vicente , Pichini Simona , García-Algar Óscar , Marchei Emilia 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The use of psychoactive substances (PSs) during pregnancy is a major public health concern because of their increasing prevalence worldwide. This study examined the understudied issue of gestational PS consumption in a cohort of Argentine delivering mothers.

Methods:
A cross-sectional pilot study involving 51 women receiving delivery care was conducted at the Santa Rosa Hospital in La Pampa, Argentina. Information on maternal sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy history, and drug use was obtained through standardized interviews. Maternal hair samples were analyzed for alcohol, tobacco, licit, illicit, and prescription substance biomarkers using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Results:
During pregnancy, 49.0% of participants reported alcohol consumption, 25.5% reported tobacco use, and 23.5% reported cannabis use. Hair samples from 56.9% of the women were positive for illicit PSs, with the most frequent being cocaine (41.2%) and cannabis (15.7%). Among the women, 47.1% consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Of the 24 women with hair ethyl glucuronide ≥5 pg/mg, 33.3% drank until the end of gestation and 58.3% started a social drinking habit in the second half. The analysis also detected prescription substances (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, methadone, opioids, antihistamines, antiemetics, and analgesics), caffeine (70.6%), lidocaine, and levamisole, some of which were cocaine or opioid adulterants.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to objectively assess the consumption of licit and illicit PSs during pregnancy in Argentina. In contrast to most nearby countries, cocaine was the most detected illicit PS in this cohort of Argentine delivering women. This finding highlights the importance of regular monitoring of local trends in PS use during pregnancy.
Sports-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes: The Potential Benefits of Using Graded Neuropsychological Tests With High Ceilings
Authors: Chiang Cheng-Chuan , Hyder Kale , Bechtold Kathleen , Anaya Manuel , Celnik Pablo , Cantarero Gabriela , Suskauer Stacy , Stilling Joan 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Sports-related concussion management in collegiate athletes has been focused on return-to-play. However, resuming schoolwork without a gradual stepwise reintroduction contributes to symptom exacerbation, delayed recovery, and adverse academic performance. Return-to-learn guidelines are limited by a lack of sensitivity in methods monitoring cognitive function. This study evaluated 2 neuropsychological tests, the Sternberg test and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), with high ceilings for sensitivity to deficits in speed of information processing, cognitive efficiency, and complex attention.

Setting:
Academic center research laboratory.

Participants:
We recruited 56 male and female collegiate contact and noncontact sports athletes. They were categorized into as follows: (1) nonconcussed (n = 23; 7F, 16M); (2) chronic (n = 21; 4F, 17M), at least 1 year from their last concussion; and (3) acute (n = 12; 1F, 11M), within 2 weeks from concussion.

Design:
Observational cohort study.

Main Measures:
The PASAT assesses complex attention. The Sternberg test examines processing speed and cognitive efficiency. Cognitive difficulty increases with progression through the tasks for both the PASAT and the Sternberg test. The mean outcome differences of the 3 groups (nonconcussed, acute, and chronic) across the 3 or 4 conditions (difficulty level) were measured with repeated-measures analysis of variance and subsequent pairwise comparison.

Results:
For processing speed (Sternberg reaction time), the acute group responded slower than the chronic group on the medium (P = .021, Bonferroni corrected) and hard difficulty tasks (P = .030, Bonferroni corrected). For cognitive efficiency (Sternberg reaction time variability), the acute group had increased reaction time variability compared with the chronic group on the medium difficulty task (P = .04, Bonferroni corrected). For complex attention (PASAT omissions), there was a difference between the acute and nonconcussed groups on the moderate-hard difficulty trial (P = .023, least significant difference [LSD] corrected) and between the acute and chronic groups for hard difficulty trial (P = .020, LSD corrected). The acute group performed worse, with progressively shorter interstimulus intervals.

Conclusion:
Neuropsychological testing without ceiling effects can capture higher-level cognitive dysfunction and and use of such tests can contribute to the understanding of how collegiate athletes are affected by SRC. Future studies can investigate optimal testing batteries that include neuropsychological testing with high ceilings and whether the pattern of performance has implications for the return-to-learn process after SRC in the college setting.