bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization of silver through reduction process using Elaeis guineensis biosolid extract
Authors: Velmurugan Palanivel , Shim Jaehong , Kamala‐Kannan Seralathan , Lee Kui‐Jae , Oh Byung‐Taek , Balachandar Vellingiri , Oh Byung‐Taek 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study presents a special, economically valuable, unprecedented eco‐friendly green process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles were obtained from a waste material with oil palm biosolid extract as the reducing agent. The use of the oil palm biosolid extract for the nanoparticle synthesis offers the benefit of amenability for large‐scale production. An aqueous solution of silver (Ag+) ions was treated with the oil palm biosolid extract for the formation of Ag nanoparticles. The nanometallic dispersion was characterized by surface plasmon absorbance measuring 428 nm. Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the range of 5–50 nm. Scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and X‐ray diffraction analysis of the freeze‐dried powder confirmed the formation of metallic silver nanoparticles. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy provided evidence of phenolics or proteins as the biomolecules that were likely responsible for the reduction and capping agent, which helps to increase the stability of the synthesized silver nanoparticles. In addition, we have optimized the production with various parameters. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
An educational tool for visualizing students' program tracing processes
Authors: Chou Chih‐Yueh , Sun Peng‐Fei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProgram tracing is an important skill for programming learning, but novice programmers' tracing abilities are poor. This study designs a system to enable students to exercise program tracing and make students' program tracing processes visible to help teachers indicate students' errors in tracing execution flow, variable values, or I/O display. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 432–438, 2013
Geometric enantiomerism in cyclic compounds: Chiral dibrominated 1,3‐dioxanes
Authors: Cismaş Crina , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Rispaud Hélène , Varga Richard Attila , Bogdan Elena , Roussel Christian , Grosu Ion 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe first geometric enantiomers in the cyclic compounds series are reported. The investigated compounds are 2,2‐disubstituted‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxane derivatives in which the substituents at position 2 bear chiral centers with identical substituents but with opposite configurations. The structure of the unlike isomers was determined from the solid state molecular structure of the compounds obtained by single crystal X‐ray diffractometry and the enantiomers of these diastereoisomers were observed by chiral column HPLC base‐line separation. The investigated compounds were obtained by a diastereoselective bromination reaction of the corresponding 2,2‐dialkyl and 2,2‐dibenzyl‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxanes. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time for reappraisal of extracranial treatment options?
Authors: Lind Joline S.W. , Lagerwaard Frank J. , Smit Egbert F. , Postmus Pieter E. , Slotman Ben J. , Senan Suresh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND.The optimal treatment of the primary tumor in patients with brain metastases (BM) from newly diagnosed nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. The authors aimed to identify patient groups with synchronous BM for whom radical treatment of the primary site may be appropriate.METHODS.The medical records of 167 patients treated at our center between November 2000 and June 2009 for newly diagnosed NSCLC and synchronous BM were reviewed. All patients underwent surgery/radiosurgery (n = 86) or whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT; n = 81) for BM. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed prognostic factors significant for overall survival (OS).RESULTS.Median OS of patients undergoing surgery/radiosurgery for BM was 12.1 months. Those undergoing “radical” thoracic treatment (n = 24) had a longer median OS (28.4 months) than those undergoing chemotherapy (n = 74; 12.1 months) or supportive therapy (n = 69; 5.6 months, P < .01). Patients with stage I thoracic disease (n = 23) had a longer median OS (18.5 months) than those with stage III (n = 43; 9.4 months) or with intra/extra‐thoracic metastases other than BM (stage IV; n = 20; 2.7 months, P < .01). Median OS of WBRT patients was 3.7 months. One patient underwent radical thoracic treatment. Patients undergoing chemotherapy (n = 42) had a longer median OS (5.7 months) than patients undergoing supportive therapy only (n = 38; 1.6 months, P < .01). Performance status and age were also associated with OS.CONCLUSIONS.Radical thoracic treatments may be justified in selected patients <65‐years‐old, eligible to undergo surgery/radiosurgery for synchronous BM from NSCLC, even when stage III thoracic disease is present. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society
Long‐term outcomes of microsurgical reconstruction for large tracheal defects
Authors: Yu Peirong , Clayman Gary L. , Walsh Garrett L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Reconstruction of large tracheal defects has been largely unsuccessful. The purpose of this study was to review the authors' experience with microsurgical reconstruction of these defects.METHODS:Seven cases of microsurgical tracheal reconstruction were performed between May 2002 and April 2008. All but 1 patient had recurrent thyroid cancer; the other patient had primary adenocystic carcinoma of the trachea. The radial forearm free flap was used for lining in all cases. Rigid support was provided with a variety of prosthetic materials.RESULTS:All defects involved the cervical trachea, with an average length of 5.8 cm ± 1.0 cm (range, 5 cm‐7.5 cm). The width of defects ranged from half of the tracheal circumference to the entire circumference. Major complications included air leak in 4 patients, exposure and removal of prosthesis in 2 patients, and cardiopulmonary complications in 2 patients. One patient with postoperative retroperitoneal hematoma, abdominal compartment syndrome, and multiple organ failure died 2 months after surgery. Two patients died of other causes 1 year and 4 years, respectively, after surgery. The other 4 patients were alive and disease free, with follow‐up ranging from 1 to 4.5 years. Four patients are asymptomatic, with normal speech and swallowing functions. Two patients remained tracheostomy dependent, but vocal ability was intact. All patients tolerated a regular diet.CONCLUSIONS:Microsurgical reconstruction is a viable option in selected patients with large cervical tracheal defects that are beyond primary repair. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Glycine Dimers: Structure, Stability, and Medium Effects
Authors: Friant‐Michel Pascale , Ruiz‐López Manuel F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report a study on different ionization states and conformations of the bimolecular (Gly)2 system by means of quantum mechanical calculations. Optimized geometries for energy minima of the glycine dimer, as well as relative energies and free energies were computed as a function of the medium: gas phase, nonpolar polarizable solvent, and aqueous solution. The polarizable continuum model was employed to account for solvation effects. Energy calculations were done using the MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ and B3LYP/6‐311+G(2df,2p) methods on B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) optimized structures (some single‐point energy calculations were also done using the B3PW91 and PBE1KCIS methods). Ionized forms of the glycine dimer (either zwitterion–zwitterion or neutral–zwitterion) are predicted to exist in all media, in contrast to amino acid monomers. In aqueous solution, dimerization is an exergonic process (−4 kcal mol−1). Thus, according to our results, zwitterion–zwitterion Gly dimers might be abundant in supersaturated glycine aqueous solutions, a fact that has been connected with the structure of α‐glycine crystals but that remains controversial in the literature. Another noticeable result is that zwitterion–zwitterion interactions are substantially underestimated when computed using methods based on density functional theory. For comparison, some calculations for the dimer of the simplest chiral amino acid alanine were done as well and differences to the glycine dimer are discussed.
Photoenhanced NO2 Loss on Simulated Urban Grime
Authors: Ammar Rachid , Monge Maria Eugenia , George Christian , D'Anna Barbara 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present study focuses on the heterogeneous reaction between gaseous NO2 and solid pyrene/KNO3 films, used as a simplified proxy of urban grime. This reaction is investigated under simulated atmospheric conditions with respect to relative humidity, NO2 concentration and irradiation in a coated‐wall flow‐tube reactor. The geometric steady‐state uptake coefficients γgeo for pyrene/KNO3 films exposed to 50 ppbv of NO2 ranged from 1.12×10−7 in the dark to 2.67×10−6 under near‐UV irradiation (300–420 nm) and decreased with increasing NO2 concentration in the range 30–120 ppbv. NO2 removal is linearly dependent on light intensity, with release of gas‐phase NO and HONO. Analysis of the solid film by ion chromatography and GC–MS showed the formation of nitrite ions and traces of 1‐nitropyrene. A light‐induced reaction mechanism is proposed. The results discussed herein suggest that PAH‐containing urban grime on windows and buildings may be a key player in urban air pollution.
[11]Anthrahelicene on InSb(001) c(8×2): A Low‐Temperature Scanning Probe Microscopy Study
Authors: Prauzner‐Bechcicki Jakub S. , Godlewski Szymon , Budzioch Janusz , Goryl Grzegorz , Walczak Lukasz , Sehnal Petr , Stará Irena G. , Starý Ivo , Ample Francisco , Joachim Christian , Szymonski Marek 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe adsorption of individual [11]anthrahelicene molecules and their self‐assembly into monolayer islands on an InSb(001) c(8×2) reconstructed surface is studied with low‐temperature scanning probe microscopy. A racemic mixture is deposited on atomically flat terraces of InSb at room temperature. At lower coverage, the molecules tend to decorate atomic step edges of the substrate. At higher coverage, [11]anthrahelicene molecules form 2D islands. A quasi‐hexagonal ordering of molecules within the layer is identified. Furthermore, it is shown that molecules adsorb with the helical axis almost perpendicular to the substrate. Interference between tunneling through the molecular layer and directly through space is reported. Finally, experimental results are compared to those of theoretical calculations.
Low Catalyst Loadings for the Production of Carboxylic Acids from Polysaccharides and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Aouf Chahinez , Harakat Dominique , Muzart Jacques , Estrine Boris , Marinkovic Sinisa , Ernenwein Cédric , Le Bras Jean 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe oxidation of starch, xylans, potato flesh and wheat flour by H2O2, in the presence of MSO4 (M=Cu, Fe) as catalyst, led to depolymerization, and formation of solutions containing polyhydroxycarboxylic acids. Some of these oxidized compounds facilitate the process, leading to efficient transformations even with very low amounts of catalyst.
Improving Sustainability in Ene–Yne Cross‐Metathesis for Transformation of Unsaturated Fatty Esters
Authors: Le Ravalec Virginie , Dupé Antoine , Fischmeister Cédric , Bruneau Christian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRuthenium‐catalyzed ene–yne cross‐metathesis is performed with stoichiometric proportions of terminal olefins and alkynes. This is made possible by the continuous addition of the alkyne to the reaction mixture. The protocol allows the ene–yne cross‐metathesis reaction to be carried out with long‐chain terminal olefins and in a one‐pot fashion with internal olefins after shortening by ethenolysis. The efficient conversion of renewable unsaturated fatty esters from bioresources into valuable conjugated 1,3‐dienes of interest for further transformations is performed using this technique under mild conditions in dimethyl carbonate; an ecofriendly solvent.
Messenger RNA quantification after fluorescence‐activated cell sorting using in situ hybridization
Authors: Yamada Hiroya , Maruo Rie , Watanabe Mikio , Hidaka Yoh , Iwatani Yoshinori , Takano Toru 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecent studies using stem cells or cancer stem cells have revealed the importance of detecting minor populations of cells in blood or tissue and analyzing their biological characteristics. The only possible method for carrying out such procedures is fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). However, FACS has the following two limitations. First, cells without an appropriate cell surface marker cannot be sorted. Second, some laborious procedures such as rapid sorting or treatment under sterilized conditions may require in order to analyze their biological characteristics. If a specific mRNA in a particular cell type can be stained with a florescent dye and then the cells can be sorted without causing RNA degradation, a more simple and universal method for sorting and analyzing cells with a specific gene expression pattern could be established since the biological characteristics of the sorted cells could then be determined by analyzing their gene expression profile. In this study, we established a basic protocol for messenger RNA quantification after FACS (FACS‐mQ) using a cRNA probe. This method could be used for the detection and analysis of stem cells or cancer stem cells in various tissues. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Psychological and behavioral risk profiles as they relate to eating disorder diagnoses and symptomatology among a school‐based sample of youth
Authors: Ackard Diann M. , Fulkerson Jayne A. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveExamine substance use, depression, self‐esteem, and suicidality by eating disorder (ED) classifications among nonclinical youth.MethodA school‐based sample of 4,746 youth completed anthropometric measures and Project EAT survey items matched to DSM‐IV ED criteria. Logistic regression analyses and general linear models compared three threshold (AN, BN, or BED), two subthreshold (binge‐eating and/or compensatory behaviors not meeting ED diagnosis, or body image disturbance without disordered eating) and one asymptomatic ED classifications.ResultsSubthreshold and threshold classifications reported lower self‐esteem and greater substance use, depression, suicidal ideation/attempts than asymptomatic youth. The BED group had higher depressive mood, and BED and BN had lower self‐esteem, than the subthreshold groups. Odds ratios for suicidality were highest among the BN group and lowest among the body image disturbance group.DiscussionSubthreshold and threshold classifications are associated with compromised health, suggesting the importance of addressing the continuum of weight/shape concerns and disordered eating behaviors within prevention and treatment interventions. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Function discovery system by evolutionary computation using search accumulation
Authors: Saito Mitsutoshi , Serikawa Seiichi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecently, a system using bug‐type artificial life was proposed for function discovery, and has been improved further. This system is an extended model of GA and GP. However, when the observation data is very complicated, the function is occasionally not obtained. A new concept is now introduced so that the function search can be applied to complicated observation data. The function search by the S‐System is performed two or more times. This is termed search accumulation. To confirm the validity of search accumulation, the Himmelblau function, the valley function, and equal loudness level contours (ISO 226) are used as observation data. Since the distributions of the data are complicated, it is difficult to express them as an approximation function. By the use of the search accumulation strategy, a function that is in good agreement with the distribution can be successfully obtained. Thus, the validity of this strategy is confirmed. Search accumulation is also applicable to GP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(10): 53–62, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10098 3
Index fund optimization using a genetic algorithm and a heuristic local search
Authors: Orito Yukiko , Inoguchi Manabu , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is well known that index funds are popular passively managed portfolios and have been used very extensively in hedge trading. Index funds consist of a certain number of stocks of listed companies on a stock market such that the fund's return rates follow a similar path to the changing rates of the market indices. Thus, index fund optimization can be viewed as a combinatorial optimization problem for portfolio management. In this paper, we propose an optimization method that consists of a genetic algorithm and a heuristic local search algorithm to make strong linear association between the fund's return rates and the changing rates of the market index. We apply our method to the Tokyo Stock Exchange and create index funds whose return rates follow a similar path to the changing rates of the Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX). The results show that our proposed method creates index funds with a strong linear association to the market index with minimal computing time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(10): 42–52, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10099
Development of an oxide semiconductor thick film gas sensor for the detection of total volatile organic compounds
Authors: Kadosaki Masahiro , Sakai Yuichi , Tamura Ikuo , Matsubara Ichiro , Itoh Toshio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSince the amendment of the Building Standards Law in 2003, the installation of ventilators is compulsory in newly built houses, because many persons suffer from indoor air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The goal of this research is to develop a gas sensor that can monitor the total VOC (TVOC) gases indoors and then to control the ventilator efficiently using the sensor. In order to develop a sensor that detects TVOC, the responses of four oxide semiconductor materials to 37 different VOC gases were studied. These materials showed small responses to halogenated and aliphatic hydrocarbon gases. As a result of improving the response to these gases, among four metal oxides examined, SnO2 and WO3 showed high sensitivities by the addition of Pd and Pt. The sensing properties of SnO2 for halogenated hydrocarbon gases were greatly improved by the addition of 0.5 wt% Pd. The sensing properties of SnO2 for aliphatic hydrocarbon gases were improved by the addition of 0.7 wt% Pt. In addition, a sensor element with the addition of both platinum and palladium, that is, Pt (0.5 wt%)‐Pd (0.5 wt%)‐SnO2, showed a large response to many of the VOC gases examined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(10): 34–41, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10190
Implementation and evaluation of improvement in parallel processing performance on the cluster using small‐scale SMP PCs
Authors: Fukunaga Takafumi , Umeno Hidenori 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVarious techniques that improve performance on SMP clusters have been studied. Most of them use special hardware and nonstandard protocols, tending to raise their total cost and to spoil flexibility. We propose the CPU_NIC method, which improves parallel performance on small‐way SMP PC clusters by simply loading a driver. The proposed system could be implemented with nonintelligent switches. The proposed method uses the same number of NICs as CPUs and relates the CPUs and NICs on a one‐to‐one basis. The frames are transmitted from the NIC associated with the execution CPU number. Thus, by fixing the transmitting NIC for every CPU, the number of SACK frames, that are easily generated in communication load sharing to two or more NICs, can be reduced and parallel application performance can be improved. The NPB Benchmark of four cluster PCs indicated that FT, MG, and CG were faster by factors of 1.12, 1.29, and 3.06, respectively, under the proposed method than in an ordinary system without this method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(10): 1–11, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10315
Synthesis and Characterization of a Multi Ring‐Fused 2‐Pyridone‐Based Fluorescent Scaffold
Authors: Sellstedt Magnus , Nyberg Anders , Rosenbaum Erik , Engström Patrik , Wickström Malin , Gullbo Joachim , Bergström Sven , Johansson Lennart B.‐Å. , Almqvist Fredrik 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of compounds based on a novel fluorescent scaffold have been synthesized. Most of the compounds displayed high quantum yields of fluorescence and unusually long fluorescence lifetimes. HeLa cells were treated with one of the compounds and its use as a fluorescent dye was demonstrated with fluorescence confocal microscopy.
Dielectrophoretically patterned carbon nanotubes to sort microparticles
Authors: Khoshmanesh Khashayar , Zhang Chen , Nahavandi Saeid , Baratchi Sara , Mitchell Arnan , Kalantar‐zadeh Kourosh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article compares the operation of a dielectrophoretic (DEP) platform before and after pattering carbon nanotubes (CNTs) between its microelectrodes. The diverse performance of the DEP system is assessed by separating 1 and 5 μm polystyrene particles. In the absence of CNTs, both particles can only be trapped by operating the system at low medium conductivities, (<10−3 S/m) and frequencies (<75 kHz). Alternatively, applying CNTs to the system, some CNTs coat the surface of particles and increase their overall conductivity and permittivity, whereas the rest of them are patterned between the microelectrodes and induce strong DEP forces at their free ends, which can effectively trap the coated particles. The first development extends the range of medium conductivities and frequencies at which the trapping of both particles is achievable, whereas the second development facilitates the selective deposition of particles along the surface of curved microelectrodes. Setting the medium conductivity to 2×10−3 S/m and the frequency to 20 MHz, most of 5 μm particles are trapped at the entry region of the first microelectrode pair, whereas most of 1 μm particles are trapped at the tips, and this distinction facilitates their separation. The trapping of 1 μm particles can be improved by decreasing the frequency to 1.5 MHz. This study demonstrates how the integration of CNTs into microfluidic systems enables them to operate beyond their capabilities.