bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure-guided supertagger learning
Authors: ZHANG YAO-ZHONG , MATSUZAKI TAKUYA , TSUJII JUN'ICHI 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAs described in this paper, we specifically examine the structural learning problem of a supertagging task. Supertagging is a task to assign the most probable lexical entry to each word in a sentence. A supertagger is extremely important for a lexicalized grammar parser because an accurate supertagger can greatly reduce lexical ambiguity in downstream parser. Supertagging is more challenging than conventional sequence labeling tasks (e.g., part-of-speech tagging). First, the supertags are numerous. Supertags are the lexical entries defined in a lexicalized grammar, which consists of rich syntactic/semantic information. Second, the inter-supertag relation is more complex. A proper supertag assignment is expected to be compatible with other supertag assignments in a sentence to construct a parse tree. Commonly used adjacent label features (e.g., first-order edge feature) in a sequence labeling model are too rough for the supertagging task. Long-range information is extremely important for the supertagging task. Two approaches to consider long-range information in a supertagger's training stage are proposed. Specifically, we propose a dependency-informed supertagger to use word-to-word dependency derived from a dependency parser and generate long-range features as soft constraints in the training. In the forest-guided supertagger, we constrain the classifier to learn in a grammar-satisfying space and use a CFG filter to impose grammar constraints for the update of model parameters. The experiments show that the proposed structure-guided supertaggers perform significantly better than the baseline supertaggers. Based on the improved supertaggers, theF-score of the final parser is also improved. Using the forest-guided supertagger in a shift-reduce HPSG parser, we achieved a competitive parsing performance of 89.31%F-score with higher parsing speed than that of a state-of-the-art HPSG parser.
Exploiting the Wikipedia structure in local and global classification of taxonomic relations
Authors: XUAN DO QUANG , ROTH DAN 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDetermining whether two terms have an ancestor relation (e.g. Toyota Camry and car) or a sibling relation (e.g. Toyota and Honda) is an essential component of textual inference in Natural Language Processing applications such as Question Answering, Summarization, and Textual Entailment. Significant work has been done on developing knowledge sources that could support these tasks, but these resources usually suffer from low coverage, noise, and are inflexible when dealing with ambiguous and general terms that may not appear in any stationary resource, making their use as general purpose background knowledge resources difficult. In this paper, rather than building a hierarchical structure of concepts and relations, we describe an algorithmic approach that, given two terms, determines the taxonomic relation between them using a machine learning-based approach that makes use of existing resources. Moreover, we develop a global constraint-based inference process that leverages an existing knowledge base to enforce relational constraints among terms and thus improves the classifier predictions. Our experimental evaluation shows that our approach significantly outperforms other systems built upon the existing well-known knowledge sources.
Vitamin D status in healthy Romanian caregivers and risk of respiratory infections
Authors: Porojnicu Alina C , Moroti-Constantinescu Ruxandra , Laslau Andrei , Lagunova Zoya , Dahlback Arne , Hristea Adriana , Moan Johan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the vitamin D status during winter of a healthy population of hospital employees and to assess the correlation between vitamin D status and risk of infections in the upper respiratory tract.DesignOne hundred and ten healthy volunteers answered a questionnaire on their solar exposure habits and vitamin D intake and delivered one blood sample for quantification of vitamin D level (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration) during December 2007–January 2008. At the end of the winter we screened for the occurrence of respiratory infections and sought associations with vitamin D status.SettingBucharest, Romania, 45°N.SubjectsOne hundred and ten healthy hospital employees.ResultsEighty per cent of participants were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/l). The main determinant of serum 25(OH)D was sun exposure during the summer previous to the study (P= 0·02 in multivariate analysis). Intake of vitamin D, BMI and age played no significant role for the level of 25(OH)D. Overall we found a non-significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D level and new cases of infection (Spearman correlation coefficient of −0·12,P= 0·2).ConclusionsVitamin D status is alarmingly poor in active, relatively young women residing in Romania. If our results are reproduced by other investigations, action to improve vitamin D status at the population level is necessary. We were not able to show a statistically significant relationship between vitamin D status and infection risk in our material.
Diet quality and mental health in subsequent years among Canadian youth
Authors: McMartin Seanna E , Kuhle Stefan , Colman Ian , Kirk Sara FL , Veugelers Paul J 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between diet quality and the diagnosis of an internalizing disorder in children and adolescents.DesignA prospective study examining the relationship between diet quality and mental health. FFQ responses of 3757 children were used to calculate a composite score for diet quality and its four components: variety, adequacy, moderation and balance. Physicians’ diagnoses on internalizing disorders were obtained by linking the children's dietary information to administrative health data. Negative binomial regression models were used to examine the association between diet quality and diagnosis of an internalizing disorder.SettingThe Canadian province of Nova Scotia.SubjectsA provincially representative sample of grade 5 students (age 10–11 years).ResultsDiet quality was not found to be associated with internalizing disorder in a statistically significant manner (incidence rate ratio = 1·09; 95 % CI 0·73, 1·63). However, relative to children with little variety in their diets, children with greater variety in their diet had statistically significant lower rates of internalizing disorder in subsequent years (incidence rate ratio = 0·45; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·82).ConclusionsThese findings suggest the importance of variety in children's diet and opportunities in the prevention of adolescent depression and anxiety.
Trust in judicial institutions: an empirical approach
Authors: ROUSSEY LUDIVINE , DEFFAINS BRUNO 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:This paper investigates the relationship between judicial resources and individuals’ trust in the justice system. We argue that the justice budget is likely to have a positive and significant impact on individuals’ trust in justice, thanks to its role as a signal when individuals face uncertainty regarding the judicial environment. We test this hypothesis empirically using three different budget-related variables: the justice budget per incoming case, the number of magistrates and the intensity of legal aid. Across our three regressions, we find a positive and significant correlation between judicial resources and individuals’ declared trust in the justice system. This positive relationship is robust to the introduction of socio-demographic, cultural, institutional and economic control variables. We finally offer empirical support to the intuition that the effect of the justice budget on trust in justice is likely to be greater when individuals are more satisfied with the level of democracy in their country.
A high-gain high-power amplifier MMIC for V-band applications using 100 nm AlGaN/GaN dual-gate HEMTs
Authors: Schwantuschke Dirk , Haupt Christian , Kiefer Rudolf , Brückner Peter , Seelmann-Eggebert Matthias , Tessmann Axel , Mikulla Michael , Kallfass Ingmar , Quay Rüdiger 
Published: March 2012

In this paper we present the design and realization of a high-power amplifier in grounded coplanar transmission line technology using AlGaN/GaN dual-gate High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a gate-length of 100 nm to achieve a high gain per stage and high output power. A large-signal model was extracted for the dual-gate HEMT based on the state-space approach. For the fabricated dual-stage amplifier a continuous-wave saturatedoutput power of up to 24.8 dBm (0.84 W/mm) was measured at 63 GHz for 20 V drain bias. A small-signal gain of more than 20 dB was achieved between 56 and 65 GHz.
The impact of polygamy on women's mental health: a systematic review
Authors: Shepard L. D. 
Published: March 2012

Aims.The purpose of this systematic review is to identify and appraise the present state of prevalence research on the mental health of polygynous women, or plural wives, and to summarize its implications for future research and social work practice.Methods.PsycInfo (1967 to November 2011) and Medline (1985 to November 2011) databases, systematic bibliography hand-searches, personal communication with a leading expert, and gray literature searching were applied in a systematic literature search of the prevalence of mental-health issues in polygynous women compared to monogamous women. Twenty-two studies meeting eligibility criteria were identified. Study characteristics, methods and findings were systematically extracted and appraised for quality.Results.The identified studies are of mixed methodological quality, but generally suggest a more significant prevalence of mental-health issues in polygynous women compared to monogamous women. Individual studies report a higher prevalence of somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, psychoticism and psychiatric disorder in polygynous wives as well as reduced life and marital satisfaction, problematic family functioning and low self-esteem.Conclusions.The current state of the research reveals with moderate confidence, a more significant prevalence of mental-health issues in polygynous women as compared to monogamous women. Implications for practice and research are indicated.
Modeling the properties of plasmaspheric hiss: 2. Dependence on the plasma density distribution
Authors: Chen Lunjin , Bortnik Jacob , Li Wen , Thorne Richard M. , Horne Richard B. 
Published: March 2012

Wave propagation plays an important role in linking the chorus source in the plasma trough region and the hiss emission in the plasmasphere. We investigate the dependence of plasmaspheric hiss on the background plasma density, which essentially controls the evolution of chorus after its generation at MLT = 10. The variation of plasma density under study includes variation of the location and width of the plasmapause, and the variation of the density distribution in the trough. We demonstrate that the plasmapause shape does not affect the peak hiss intensity significantly, but it does regulate the hiss intensity near the field‐aligned direction. As the plasmasphere contracts or the plasmapause width increases, the field‐aligned component of plasmaspheric hiss become relatively more intense, as does the intensity of hiss in the inner region, although the peak hiss intensity remains about the same. The trough density distribution, on the other hand, directly influences the accessibility of chorus rays into plasmasphere, and therefore plays an important role in the peak hiss intensity. As the density gradient in the plasma trough increases toward the plasmasphere, the resulting peak in the hiss intensity can increase by up to 10 dB.
Planetary and tidal wave‐type oscillations in the ionospheric sporadic E layers over Tehran region
Authors: Karami K. , Ghader S. , Bidokhti A. A. , Joghataei M. , Neyestani A. , Mohammadabadi A. 
Published: March 2012

It is believed that in the lower ionosphere, particularly in the ionospheric sporadic E (Es) layers (90–130 km), the planetary and tidal wave‐type oscillations in the ionized component indicate the planetary and tidal waves in the neutral atmosphere. In the present work, the presence of wave‐type oscillations, including planetary and tidal waves in the ionospheric sporadic E layers over Tehran region is examined. Data measured by a digital ionosonde at the ionospheric station of the Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, from July 2006 to June 2007 are used to investigate seasonal variations of planetary and tidal waves activities. For the purpose of accurate comparison between different seasons, wavelet transform is applied to time series of foEs and h′Es, namely, the critical frequency and virtual height of Es layers, respectively. The results show that the sporadic E layers over Tehran region are strongly under the influence of upward propagation of waves from below. More specifically, among diverse range of periodicities in the sporadic E layers, we found that diurnal (24 hours) and semidiurnal (12 hours) oscillations in all seasons for both parameters. Moreover, terdiurnal (8 hours) tide‐like variation is observed during spring and summer for foEs parameter and summer and winter for h′Es. Furthermore, the results show that diurnal tidal waves obtain their maximum activities during autumn and winter seasons, and their activities decrease during the late spring and summer. In addition, periods of about 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, and 16 days in our observation verifies the hypothesis of upward propagation of planetary waves from lower atmosphere to the ionosphere. Moreover, planetary waves have their maximum activities during equinox.
Scale dependence of in‐situ permeability measurements in the Nankai accretionary prism: The role of fractures
Authors: Boutt David F. , Saffer Demian , Doan Mai‐Linh , Lin Weiren , Ito Takatoshi , Kano Yasuyuki , Flemings Peter , McNeill Lisa C. , Byrne Timothy , Hayman Nicholas W. , Moe Kyaw Thu 
Published: March 2012

Modeling studies suggest that fluid permeability is an important control on the maintenance and distribution of pore fluid pressures at subduction zones generated through tectonic loading. Yet, to date, few data are available to constrain permeability of these materials, at appropriate scales. During IODP Expedition 319, downhole measurements of permeability within the uppermost accretionary wedge offshore SW Japan were made using a dual‐packer device to isolate 1 m sections of borehole at a depth of 1500 m below sea floor. Analyses of pressure transients using numerical models suggest a range of in‐situ fluid permeabilities (5E‐15–9E‐17 m2). These values are significantly higher than those measured on core samples (2E‐19 m2). Borehole imagery and cores suggests the presence of multiple open fractures at this depth of measurement. These observations suggest that open permeable natural fractures at modest fracture densities could be important contributors to overall prism permeability structure at these scales.
First in‐situ measurements of HF radar echoing targets
Authors: Moen J. , Oksavik K. , Abe T. , Lester M. , Saito Y. , Bekkeng T. A. , Jacobsen K. S. 
Published: March 2012

The sounding rocket Investigation of Cusp Irregularities 2 (ICI‐2) was launched into the cusp ionosphere over Svalbard to investigate the production of decameter scale irregularities in the electron plasma associated with HF radar backscatter. The main mission objective was to obtain high‐resolution measurements of decameter scale electron plasma irregularities and to quantify the growth rate for the gradient drift instability (GDI). At the 5.7 kHz sampling rate of the absolute density measurements, ICI‐2 has provided the first documentation in terms of absolute electron density measurements of how 10‐m structures are located on km scale electron density gradients. ICI‐2 traversed a cusp electron density structure created by ongoing soft precipitation. 10‐m scale irregularities were generated at km scale density gradients. The estimated growth time for the GDI process was 10–50 seconds.
Rates of Intraperitoneal Temperature Change in Lake Trout Implanted with Archival Tags
Authors: Negus Mary T. , Bergstedt Roger A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe rates of change in the intraperitoneal temperature of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush weighing between 817 g and 2,230 g were examined in the laboratory. Nine lake trout implanted with archival tags were moved between three tanks containing different water temperatures. The intraperitoneal temperatures recorded by the archival tags lagged behind the external temperatures when these thermal changes were encountered, but the smallest fish shifted temperature about twice as fast as the largest fish. The rate of core temperature change can be described by Newton's law of cooling, which states that the rate of temperature change of an object is proportional to the difference between its own temperature and the ambient temperature. This time lag can provide ample opportunity for fish to make brief forays into water temperatures outside an optimal range, while experiencing minimal change in intraperitoneal temperature. The relationship between the rate of temperature change and body mass varies with the body shape and the location where measurements are taken. The rate of thermal exchange was calculated from each temperature trial, and a regression derived from the log–log plot of these rates versus body mass was used to determine a standardized rate of thermal exchange for lake trout of any body mass within the range tested.
Rates and Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Prescribing at an Academic Children's Hospital, 2007–2010
Authors: Levy E. R. , Swami S. , Dubois S. G. , Wendt R. , Banerjee R. 
Published: March 2012

Objective and Design.Antimicrobial use in hospitalized children has not been well described. To identify targets for antimicrobial stewardship interventions, we retrospectively examined pediatric utilization rates for 48 antimicrobials from 2007 to 2010 as well as appropriateness of vancomycin and cefepime use in 2010.Patients and Setting.All children hospitalized between 2007 and 2010 at the Mayo Clinic Children's Hospital, a 120-bed facility within a larger adult hospital in Rochester, Minnesota.Methods.We calculated antimicrobial utilization rates in days of therapy per 1,000 patient-days. Details of vancomycin and cefepime use in 2010 were abstracted by chart review. Two pediatric infectious disease physicians independently assessed appropriateness of antibiotic use.Results.From 2007 to 2010, 9,880 of 17,242 (57%) hospitalized children received 1 or more antimicrobials. Antimicrobials (days of therapy per 1,000 patient-days) used most frequently in 2010 were cefazolin (97.8), vancomycin (97.1), fluconazole (76.4), piperacillin-tazobactam (70.7), and cefepime (67.6). Utilization rates increased significantly from 2007 to 2010 for 10 antimicrobials, including vancomycin, fluconazole, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, caspofungin, and cefotaxime. In 2010, inappropriate use of vancomycin and cefepime was greater in the pediatric intensive care unit than ward (vancomycin: 17.8% vs 6.4%,P= .001; cefepime: 9.2% vs 3.9%,P= .142) and on surgical versus medical services (vancomycin: 20.5% vs 8.0%,P= .001; cefepime: 19.4% vs 3.4%,P≤ .001). The most common reason for inappropriate antibiotic use was failure to discontinue or de-escalate therapy.Conclusions.In our children's hospital, use of 10 antimicrobials increased during the study period. Inappropriate use of vancomycin and cefepime was greatest on the critical care and surgical services, largely as a result of failure to de-escalate therapy, suggesting targets for future antimicrobial stewardship interventions.
Evaluation of Postprescription Review and Feedback as a Method of Promoting Rational Antimicrobial Use: A Multicenter Intervention
Authors: Cosgrove Sara E. , Seo Susan K. , Bolon Maureen K. , Sepkowitz Kent A. , Climo Michael W. , Diekema Daniel J. , Speck Kathleen , Gunaseelan Vidhya , Noskin Gary A. , Herwaldt Loreen A. , Wong Edward , Perl Trish M. ,   CDC Prevention Epicenter Program
Published: March 2012

Objective.To evaluate the impact of postprescription review of broad-spectrum antimicrobial (study-ABX) agents on rates of antimicrobial use.Design.Quasi-experimental before-after study.Setting.Five academic medical centers.Patients.Adults receiving at least 48 hours of study-ABX.Methods.The baseline, intervention, and follow-up periods were 6 months each in 2 units at each of 5 sites. Adults receiving at least 48 hours of study-ABX entered the cohort as case-patients. During the intervention, infectious-diseases physicians reviewed the cases after 48 hours of study-ABX. The provider was contacted with alternative recommendations if antimicrobial use was considered to be unjustified on the basis of predetermined criteria. Acceptance rates were assessed 48 hours later. The primary outcome measure was days of study-ABX per 1,000 study-patient-days in the baseline and intervention periods.Results.There were 1,265 patients in the baseline period and 1,163 patients in the intervention period. Study-ABX use decreased significantly during the intervention period at 2 sites: from 574.4 to 533.8 study-ABX days/1,000 patient-days (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.97; P = .002) at hospital В and from 615.6 to 514.4 study-ABX days/1,000 patient-days (IRR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.88; P < .001) at hospital D. Both had established antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). Study-ABX use increased at 2 sites and stayed the same at 1 site. At all institutions combined, 390 of 1,429 (27.3%) study-ABX courses were assessed as unjustified; recommendations to modify or stop therapy were accepted for 260 (66.7%) of these courses.Conclusions.Postprescription review of study-ABX decreased antimicrobial utilization in some of the study hospitals and may be more effective when performed as part of an established ASP.
JOINT ANALYSIS OF X-RAY AND SUNYAEV–ZEL'DOVICH OBSERVATIONS OF GALAXY CLUSTERS USING AN ANALYTIC MODEL OF THE INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM
Authors: Hasler Nicole , Bulbul Esra , Bonamente Massimiliano , Carlstrom John E. , Culverhouse Thomas L. , Gralla Megan , Greer Christopher , Hawkins David , Hennessy Ryan , Joy Marshall , Kolodziejczak Jeffery , Lamb James W. , Landry David , Leitch Erik M. , Mantz Adam , Marrone Daniel P. , Miller Amber , Mroczkowski Tony , Muchovej Stephen , Plagge Thomas , Pryke Clem , Woody David 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
We perform a joint analysis of X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect data using an analytic model that describes the gas properties of galaxy clusters. The joint analysis allows the measurement of the cluster gas mass fraction profile and Hubble constant independent of cosmological parameters. Weak cosmological priors are used to calculate the overdensity radius within which the gas mass fractions are reported. Such an analysis can provide direct constraints on the evolution of the cluster gas mass fraction with redshift. We validate the model and the joint analysis on high signal-to-noise data from the Chandra
X-ray Observatory and the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich Array for two clusters, A2631 and A2204.