bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of hyperoxic ventilation in the treatment of myocardial infarction
Authors: CONTI C. RICHARD 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYEveryone supports the use of oxygen therapy to treat hypoxia secondary to acute myocardial infarction. However, the literature is confusing on the subject of supplemental oxygenation of patients with normal oxygen saturation and uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, despite the fact that controlled randomized human studies have failed to support the need for supplemental oxygen in the uncomplicated patient. Both normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen must be recognized as a vasoactive substance and thus be considered a drug to which the patient may have an adverse response, particularly in patients whose oxygen saturation is 95% or greater, for example, coronary vasoconstriction.The level of evidence for the use of normobaric oxygenation in uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction patients who were not hypoxemic is based on expert opinion, case studies and ‘standard of care’. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has not been shown to be beneficial in human studies.Most studies of the use of supplemental oxygen in humans with acute myocardial infarction were performed prior to modern aggressive medical therapy and current thrombolytic or percutaneous coronary intervention therapy. Perhaps a randomized clinical trial in patients with normal oxygen saturations and modern therapy will shed some light on the subject.
Development of a high density integrated reference genetic linkage map for the multinational Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing ProjectThis article is one of a selection of papers from the conference “Exploiting Genome-wide Association in Oilseed Brassicas: a model for genetic improvement of major OECD crops for sustainable farming”.
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Ramchiary Nirala , Choi Su Ryun , Van Nguyen Dan , Hossain Md. Jamil , Yang Hyeon Kook , Lim Yong Pyo 
Published: November 2010

We constructed a high-density Brassica rapa integrated linkage map by combining a reference genetic map of 78 doubled haploid lines derived from Chiifu-401-42 × Kenshin (CKDH) and a new map of 190 F2lines derived from Chiifu-401-42 × rapid cycling B. rapa (CRF2). The integrated map contains 1017 markers and covers 1262.0 cM of the B. rapa genome, with an average interlocus distance of 1.24 cM. High similarity of marker order and position was observed among the linkage groups of the maps with few short-distance inversions. In total, 155 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, anchored to 102 new bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and 146 intron polymorphic (IP) markers were mapped in the integrated map, which would be helpful to align the sequenced BACs in the ongoing multinational Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project (BrGSP). Further, comparison of the B. rapa consensus map with the 10 B. juncea A-genome linkage groups by using 98 common IP markers showed high-degree colinearity between the A-genome linkage groups, except for few markers showing inversion or translocation. Suggesting that chromosomes are highly conserved between these Brassica species, although they evolved independently after divergence. The sequence information coming out of BrGSP would be useful for B. juncea breeding. and the identified Arabidopsis chromosomal blocks and known quantitative trait loci (QTL) information of B. juncea could be applied to improve other Brassica crops including B. rapa.
Surface-Immobilized Aptamers for Cancer Cell Isolation and Microscopic Cytology
Authors: Wan Yuan , Kim Young-tae , Li Na , Cho Steve K. , Bachoo Robert , Ellington Andrew D. , Iqbal Samir M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Exposing rare but highly malignant tumor cells that migrate from the primary tumor mass into adjacent tissue(s) or circulate in the bloodstream is critical for early detection and effective intervention(s). Here, we report on an aptamer-based strategy directed against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the most common oncogene in glioblastoma (GBM), to detect these deadly tumor cells. GBMs are characterized by diffuse infiltration into normal brain regions, and the inability to detect GBM cells renders the disease surgically incurable with a median survival of just 14.2 months. To test the sensitivity and specificity of our platform, anti-EGFR RNA aptamers were immobilized on chemically modified glass surfaces. Cells tested included primary human GBM cells expressing high levels of the wild-type EGFR, as well as genetically engineered murine glioma cells overexpressing the most common EGFR mutant (EGFRvIII lacking exons 2–7) in Ink4a/Arf-deficient astrocytes. We found that surfaces functionalized with anti-EGFR aptamers could capture both the human and murine GBM cells with high sensitivity and specificity. Our findings show how novel aptamer substrates could be used to determine whether surgical resection margins are free of tumor cells, or more widely for detecting tumor cells circulating in peripheral blood to improve early detection and/or monitoring residual disease after treatment. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9371–80. ©2010 AACR.
Diminished Antioxidant Activity of High-Density Lipoprotein–Associated Proteins in Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Tang W.H. Wilson , Wu Yuping , Mann Shirley , Pepoy Michael , Shrestha Kevin , Borowski Allen G. , Hazen Stanley L. 
Published: November 2010

Background—
Diminished serum arylesterase activity, catalyzed by the high-density lipoprotein–associated paraoxonase-1, is associated with heightened systemic oxidative stress and atherosclerosis risk. In the present study, we sought to determine the prognostic role of serum arylesterase activity in subjects with systolic heart failure, particularly in relation to established cardiac biomarkers.

Methods and Results—

We measured serum arylesterase activity in 760 subjects with impaired left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%), and prospectively followed major adverse cardiac events (including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke) for 3 years. In our study cohort (mean age, 64±11 years; 74% men; median left ventricular ejection fraction, 35%; median creatinine clearance, 96 mg/dL), mean serum arylesterase activity (98±25 μmol/L/min/mL) was lower compared with that in healthy control subjects (mean, 115±26 μmol/L/min/mL,
P
<0.01) but higher compared with advanced decompensated heart failure subjects (mean, 69±22 μmol/L/min/mL,
P
<0.01). Within our cohort, there was modest correlation between serum arylesterase activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (
r
=0.33,
P
<0.01) as well as B-type natriuretic peptide (
r
=−0.23,
P
<0.01). Lower serum arylesterase activity was a strong predictor of poorer outcomes (hazard ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.54, 5.62;
P
<0.001). After adjusting for traditional risk factors, medication use, B-type natriuretic peptide, and creatinine clearance, lower serum arylesterase still conferred an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events at 3 years (hazard ratio, 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 5.28;
P
=0.004).

Conclusions—
In patients with systolic heart failure, decreased serum arylesterase activity, a measure of diminished antioxidant properties of high-density lipoprotein, predicts higher risk of incident long-term adverse cardiac event independent of established clinical and biochemical risk factors.
Six-Month Results of the NEVO RES-ELUTION I (NEVO RES-I) Trial
Authors: Ormiston John A. , Abizaid Alexandre , Spertus John , Fajadet Jean , Mauri Laura , Schofer Joachim , Verheye Stefan , Dens Joseph , Thuesen Leif , Dubois Christophe , Hoffmann Rainer , Wijns William , Fitzgerald Peter J. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Macours Nathalie , Cebrian Ana , Stoll Hans-Peter , Rogers Campbell , Spaulding Christian ,   on behalf of the NEVO ResElution-I Investigators
Published: November 2010

Background—
Drug-eluting stents reduce restenosis and reintervention rates but are complicated by stent thrombosis, which may be related to polymer coating. The NEVO sirolimus-eluting coronary stent (NEVO SES) is designed to improve long-term percutaneous coronary intervention safety by combining sirolimus release from reservoirs with bioabsorbable polymer to reduce spatial and temporal polymer exposure.

Methods and Results—

NEVO ResElution-I was a prospective randomized study in 394 patients with coronary artery disease comparing the NEVO SES with the TAXUS Liberté paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent (TAXUS Liberté PES) stent. The primary end point was in-stent angiographic late loss at 6 months. Six months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the primary end point favored NEVO SES (0.13±0.31 mm versus 0.36±0.48 mm,
P
<0.001 for noninferiority and superiority). The study was not powered for clinical end points and showed no significant difference for NEVO SES versus TAXUS Liberté PES: death: 0.5 versus 1.6%,
P
=0.36; myocardial infarction: 2.0 versus 2.6%,
P
=0.75; target lesion revascularization: 1.5 versus 3.2%,
P
=0.33; major adverse cardiac events: 4.0 versus 7.4%,
P
=0.19. No stent thrombosis was observed with NEVO SES, whereas 2 cases occurred in TAXUS Liberté PES. Intravascular ultrasound showed lower percent volume obstruction for NEVO SES (5.5±11% versus 11.5±9.7%,
P
=0.016).

Conclusions—
This trial proved the superiority of NEVO SES over TAXUS Liberté PES for the primary angiographic end point of in-stent late loss. No stent thrombosis occurred in the NEVO SES group.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00606333.
Montanism and Present Day “Prophets”
Authors: Robeck Cecil M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOver the past decade and a half, William Tabbernee, the world’s leading authority on Montanism or the New Prophecy, has written four major works on the subject. Three of them are reviewed in this article. One looks at Montanism through the eyes of church and state; a second provides documentation for the identification of the headquarters city of the Montanists; and the third puts the two together in a creative narrative. These three volumes are placed within the context of larger issues surrounding the history of this powerful prophetic movement that originated in late second-century Asia Minor and subsequently spread throughout the Roman Empire up until the sixth century. The reactions and responses of various orthodox Christian leaders and secular government officials to the claims of this highly independent prophetic movement, which called for more reliance upon the spontaneity of the Holy Spirit and a more conservative personal ethic, suggest strong parallels between Montanism and what might be found in today’s Charismatic, New Apostolic, and Emerging Church movements.
Behold Adam: A Reading of John 19:5
Authors: Litwa M. David 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis essay offers a theological interpretation of Pilate’s famous phrase “Behold the man!” (δο νρωπος, John 19:5) in light of two proposed intertextual echoes: Genesis 3:22 and Vita Adae et Evae 13:3. Both texts feature the phrase “Behold the man/Adam.” In each case, the phrase prima facie highlights Adam’s divinity, but ironically underscores the frailty of his humanity. In John 19:5, however, the phrase “Behold the man” functions in the opposite manner. Although on the surface it highlights Jesus’ ridiculousness and misery, it ironically manifests his divine sovereignty. The essay concludes by suggesting that the Fourth Evangelist echoes the earlier phrase “Behold the man/Adam” to generate a contrast between Adam and Christ.
Arab Women Bloggers: The Emergence of Literary Counterpublics
Authors: Elsadda Hoda 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCyberspace as a forum for expression, mobilization, dissent and the organization of alternative social and political networks has been a distinct feature of the new global order since the 1990s. Cyberspace as a forum for alternative expression is also making inroads in the Arabic literary establishment. In 2008, Dar al-Shorouq, an established privately-owned Egyptian publishing house, published three collections of short stories by three women bloggers, Ghada 'Abd al-'Aal, Rihab Bassam and Ghada Mohamed Mahmoud. In this article, I argue that cyberspace, particularly the noted proliferation of literary blogs and blogging among Arab youth, has created new literary public spheres, or 'competing counterpublics', that are breaking the monopoly of mainstream literary spaces and changing tastes. I also argue that cyberspace has been particularly conducive to the participation of women in the literary field, and pose questions about the implications of the emergence of cyber counterpublics on the Arab literary establishment and the canon of Arabic literature.
Discourse Prominence and Pe-marking in Romanian
Authors: von Heusinger Klaus , Chiriacescu Sofiana 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReferential expressions are used to introduce and continue reference to entities with particular referential properties, but also with particular discourse properties. In this paper we investigate the referential and discourse properties of pe-marked indefinite direct objects in Romanian, which are an instance of Diff erential Object Marking (DOM). Pe-marking is generally obligatory for definite noun phrases but optional for indefinite ones. The optionality of pe marking with indefinite descriptions constitutes the focus of the present article. We will show that, on the one hand, pe with indefinite descriptions allows the realization of referential properties such as specific or wide scope readings, but that on the other hand, pe also signals discourse prominence, in particular in such contexts where referential properties are neutralized. We assume three parameters for discourse prominence, namely referential persistence, the topic-shift potential and the type of anaphoric referring expressions. We used these three parameters in a web-based story continuation experiment. The findings of the experiment revealed several interesting patterns: (i) that pe -marked direct objects are referentially more persistent than their unmarked counterparts, (ii) that pe -marked direct objects show a systematic preference to become topics two or three sentences after being introduced in the discourse, and (iii) that (modified) definite NPs were chosen to refer back to the referent of the marked as well as to the referent of the unmarked direct object. On the basis of the first two parameters we conclude that the relevant discourse contribution of pe is to signal to the hearer that subsequent information about that referent will follow, whereas the third parameter indicates that the referent of the pe -marked indefinite is not necessarily associated with a high level of activation. The general findings of the experiment support Kehler et al.'s (2008) intuition to differentiate between referential persistence and the activation level of the referent.
An Estimation of Turbulent Characteristics in the Low-Level Region of Intense Hurricanes Allen (1980) and Hugo (1989)
Authors: Zhang Jun A. , Marks Frank D. , Montgomery Michael T. , Lorsolo Sylvie 
Published: November 2010

This study analyzes the flight-level data collected by research aircraft that penetrated the eyewalls of category 5 Hurricane Hugo (1989) and category 4 Hurricane Allen (1980) between 1 km and the sea surface. Estimates of turbulent momentum flux, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and vertical eddy diffusivity are obtained before and during the eyewall penetrations. Spatial scales of turbulent eddies are determined through a spectral analysis. The turbulence parameters estimated for the eyewall penetration leg are found to be nearly an order of magnitude larger than those for the leg outside the eyewall at similar altitudes. In the low-level intense eyewall region, the horizontal length scale of the dominant turbulent eddies is found to be between 500 and 3000 m, and the corresponding vertical length scale is approximately 100 m. The results suggest also that it is unwise to include eyewall vorticity maxima (EVM) in the turbulence parameter estimation because the EVMs are likely to be quasi-two-dimensional vortex structures that are embedded within the three-dimensional turbulence on the inside edge of the eyewall. This study is a first attempt at estimating the characteristics of turbulent flow in the low-level troposphere of an intense eyewall using in situ aircraft observations. The authors believe that the results can offer useful guidance in numerical weather prediction efforts aimed at improving the forecast of hurricane intensity. Because of the small sample size analyzed in this study, further analyses of the turbulent characteristics in the high-wind region of hurricanes are imperative.
The tetraspanin CD9 regulates migration, adhesion, and homing of human cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Leung Kam Tong , Chan Kathy Yuen Yee , Ng Pak Cheung , Lau Tze Kin , Chiu Wui Man , Tsang Kam Sze , Li Chi Kong , Kong Carrie Ka Lai , Li Karen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/chemokine C-X-C receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis plays a critical role in homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs) during bone marrow transplantation. To investigate the transcriptional regulation provided by this axis, we performed the first differential transcriptome profiling of human cord blood CD34+ cells in response to short-term exposure to SDF-1 and identified a panel of genes with putative homing functions. We demonstrated that CD9, a member of the tetraspanin family of proteins, was expressed in CD34+CD38−/lo and CD34+CD38+ cells. CD9 levels were enhanced by SDF-1, which simultaneously down-regulated CXCR4 membrane expression. Using specific inhibitors and activators, we demonstrated that CD9 expression was modulated via CXCR4, G-protein, protein kinase C, phospholipase C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Janus kinase 2 signals. Pretreatment of CD34+ cells with the anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody ALB6 significantly inhibited SDF-1–mediated transendothelial migration and calcium mobilization, whereas adhesion to fibronectin and endothelial cells was enhanced. Pretreatment of CD34+ cells with ALB6 significantly impaired their homing to bone marrow and spleen of sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID (nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune-deficient) mice. Sorted CD34+CD9− cells displayed lower bone marrow homing capacity compared with that of total CD34+ cells. CD9 expression on homed CD34+ cells was significantly up-regulated in vivo. Our results indicate that CD9 might possess specific functions in HSC homing.
Complement alternative pathway acts as a positive feedback amplification of neutrophil activation
Authors: Camous Laurent , Roumenina Lubka , Bigot Sylvain , Brachemi Soumeya , Frémeaux-Bacchi Véronique , Lesavre Philippe , Halbwachs-Mecarelli Lise 
Published: November 2010

AbstractComplement alternative pathway plays an important, but not clearly understood, role in neutrophil-mediated diseases. We here show that neutrophils themselves activate complement when stimulated by cytokines or coagulation-derived factors. In whole blood, tumor necrosis factor/formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or phorbol myristate acetate resulted in C3 fragments binding on neutrophils and monocytes, but not on T cells. Neutrophils, stimulated by tumor necrosis factor, triggered the alternative pathway on their surface in normal and C2-depleted, but not in factor B-depleted serum and on incubation with purified C3, factors B and D. This occurred independently of neutrophil proteases, oxidants, or apoptosis. Neutrophil-secreted properdin was detected on the cell surface and could focus “in situ” the alternative pathway activation. Importantly, complement, in turn, led to further activation of neutrophils, with enhanced CD11b expression and oxidative burst. Complement-induced neutrophil activation involved mostly C5a and possibly C5b-9 complexes, detected on tumor necrosis factor- and serum-activated neutrophils. In conclusion, neutrophil stimulation by cytokines results in an unusual activation of autologous complement by healthy cells. This triggers a new amplification loop in physiologic innate immunity: Neutrophils activate the alternative complement pathway and release C5 fragments, which further amplify neutrophil proinflammatory responses. This mechanism, possibly required for effective host defense, may be relevant to complement involvement in neutrophil-mediated diseases.
Leukocyte nucleus segmentation and nucleus lobe counting
Authors: Chan Yung-Kuan , Tsai Meng-Hsiun , Huang Der-Chen , Zheng Zong-Han , Hung Kun-Ding 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Leukocytes play an important role in the human immune system. The family of leukocytes is comprised of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils. Any infection or acute stress may increase or decrease the number of leukocytes. An increased percentage of neutrophils may be caused by an acute infection, while an increased percentage of lymphocytes can be caused by a chronic bacterial infection. It is important to realize an abnormal variation in the leukocytes. The five types of leukocytes can be distinguished by their cytoplasmic granules, staining properties of the granules, size of cell, the proportion of the nuclear to the cytoplasmic material, and the type of nucleolar lobes. The number of lobes increased when leukemia, chronic nephritis, liver disease, cancer, sepsis, and vitamin B12 or folate deficiency occurred. Clinical neutrophil hypersegmentation has been widely used as an indicator of B12 or folate deficiency.Biomedical technologists can currently recognize abnormal leukocytes using human eyes. However, the quality and efficiency of diagnosis may be compromised due to the limitations of the biomedical technologists' eyesight, strength, and medical knowledge. Therefore, the development of an automatic leukocyte recognition system is feasible and necessary. It is essential to extract the leukocyte region from a blood smear image in order to develop an automatic leukocyte recognition system. The number of lobes increased when leukemia, chronic nephritis, liver disease, cancer, sepsis, and vitamin B12 or folate deficiency occurred. Clinical neutrophil hypersegmentation has been widely used as an indicator of B12 or folate deficiency.

Results
The purpose of this paper is to contribute an automatic leukocyte nuclei image segmentation method for such recognition technology. The other goal of this paper is to develop the method of counting the number of lobes in a cell nucleus. The experimental results demonstrated impressive segmentation accuracy.

Conclusions
Insensitive to the variance of images, the LNS (Leukocyte Nuclei Segmentation) method functioned well to isolate the leukocyte nuclei from a blood smear image with much better UR (Under Segmentation Rate), ER (Overall Error Rate), and RDE (Relative Distance Error). The presented LC (Lobe Counting) method is capable of splitting leukocyte nuclei into lobes. The experimental results illuminated that both methods can give expressive performances. In addition, three advanced image processing techniques were proposed as weighted Sobel operator, GDW (Gradient Direction Weight), and GBPD (Genetic-based Parameter Detector).