bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Nucleoside Antibiotics Possessing Novel N‐Glycoside Structures
Authors: Chida Noritaka 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Subtype Selective Kainic Acid Receptor Agonists: Discovery and Approaches to Rational Design
Authors: Bunch Lennart , Krogsgaard‐Larsen Povl 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep‐Sea Natural Products
Authors: Skropeta Danielle 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antineovascular Gene Therapy by Ago2 Knockdown
Authors: Hatanaka Kentaro , Shimizu Kosuke , Asai Tomohiro , Oku Naoto 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Bioinformatics for Microarray Analysis
Authors: Satoh Jun‐ichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Approach Toward Efficient DNA Methylation Analysis
Authors: Okamoto Akimitsu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Water flux in cell motility: Expanding the mechanisms of membrane protrusion
Authors: Loitto Vesa M. , Karlsson Thommie , Magnusson Karl‐Eric 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTransmembrane water fluxes through aquaporins (AQPs) are suggested to play pivotal roles in cell polarization and directional cell motility. Local dilution by water influences the dynamics of the subcortical actin polymerization and directs the formation of nascent membrane protrusions. In this paper, recent evidence is discussed in support of such a central role of AQP in membrane protrusion formation and cell migration as a basis for our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of directional motility. Specifically, AQP9 in a physiological context controls transmembrane water fluxes driving membrane protrusion formation, as an initial cellular response to a chemoattractant or other migratory signals. The importance of AQP‐facilitated water fluxes in directional cell motility is underscored by the observation that blocking or modifying specific sites in AQP9 also interferes with the molecular machinery that govern actin‐mediated cellular shape changes. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonergic innervation of the caudal spinal stump in rats after complete spinal transection: Effect of olfactory ensheathing glia
Authors: Takeoka Aya , Kubasak Marc D. , Zhong Hui , Roy Roland R. , Phelps Patricia E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSpinal cord injury studies use the presence of serotonin (5‐HT)‐immunoreactive axons caudal to the injury site as evidence of axonal regeneration. As olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) transplantation improves hindlimb locomotion in adult rats with complete spinal cord transection, we hypothesized that more 5‐HT‐positive axons would be found in the caudal stump of OEG‐ than media‐injected rats. Previously we found 5‐HT‐immunolabeled axons that spanned the transection site only in OEG‐injected rats but detected labeled axons just caudal to the lesion in both media‐ and OEG‐injected rats. Now we report that many 5‐HT‐labeled axons are present throughout the caudal stump of both media‐ and OEG‐injected rats. We found occasional 5‐HT‐positive interneurons that are one likely source of 5‐HT‐labeled axons. These results imply that the presence of 5‐HT‐labeled fibers in the caudal stump is not a reliable indicator of regeneration. We then asked if 5‐HT‐positive axons appose cholinergic neurons associated with motor functions: central canal cluster and partition cells (active during fictive locomotion) and somatic motor neurons (SMNs). We found more 5‐HT‐positive varicosities in lamina X adjacent to central canal cluster cells in lumbar and sacral segments of OEG‐ than media‐injected rats. SMNs and partition cells are less frequently apposed. As nonsynaptic release of 5‐HT is common in the spinal cord, an increase in 5‐HT‐positive varicosities along motor‐associated cholinergic neurons may contribute to the locomotor improvement observed in OEG‐injected spinal rats. Furthermore, serotonin located within the caudal stump may activate lumbosacral locomotor networks. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:664–676, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subdivisions and derivatives of the chicken subpallium based on expression of LIM and other regulatory genes and markers of neuron subpopulations during development
Authors: Abellán Antonio , Medina Loreta 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHere we studied the combinatory expression patterns of nine developmental regulatory genes and six markers of different neuronal subpopulations in the telencephalic subpallium of developing chicken, from early embryos until hatching, in order to better understand the formation and organization of the basal telencephalon and the origin of its different cell groups. The genes analyzed include those encoding for: the transcription factors Islet1, Lhx6, Lhx7/8, Nkx2.1, and Pax6; the signaling protein Sonic hedgehog; the LIM‐only genes Lmo3 and Lmo4; the cell adhesion molecule cadherin‐8; markers of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, or glutamatergic neurons; and markers of neuron subpopulations containing substance P, enkephalin, or neuropeptide Y. The combinatory expression patterns of these genes indicate that the chicken subpallium parcellates into eight molecularly different compartments during development (three striatal, three pallidal, and two preoptic subdivisions), and suggest that each compartment produces specific cell groups. Our data are particularly relevant for understanding the avian extended amygdala and suggest the existence of distinct central and medial extended amygdala complexes in the subpallium, as well as a pallial amygdalo‐hypothalamic cell corridor, which are comparable to homonymous complexes of mammals based on similar embryonic origin, molecular features, and some connectivity patterns. Our data also indicate that the dorsal and ventral parts of the chicken basal ganglia originate in different striatal and pallidal compartments, and suggest a massive migration of neurons from the pallidal compartment into the medial striatum, which may explain the existence of pallidal‐like cells within the medial striatum of birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:465–501, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The W cell pathway to cat primary visual cortex
Authors: Anderson John C. , da Costa Nuno Maçarico , Martin Kevan A.C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe thalamic input to area 17 in the cat can be divided into at least three parallel pathways, the W, X, and Y. Although the latter two are some of the best studied synaptic connections in the brain, the former remains poorly understood both in structure and in function. By combining light and electron microscopy, we have reconstructed in 3‐D single W axons and described quantitatively the synapses that they form. We have also made a structural comparison of reconstructed synapses from the three visual pathways. Thalamic axons were labeled in vivo by injections of biotinylated dextran amine into the dLGN. W axons originating from C laminae injections arborized in layers 1, 2/3, and 5. Axons that traversed layer 1 supplied a few descending collaterals to layer 2/3, but the most extensive innervation in layer 2/3 was provided by axons ascending from the white matter. Most W boutons formed a single synapse, dendritic spines being the most common target, with dendritic shafts forming the remaining targets. In layer 1, the area of the postsynaptic density of spine synapses (0.16 μm2) was significantly larger than that of layers 2/3 (0.11 μm2) and 5 (0.09 μm2). Synapses from X and Y axons in layer 4 were similar in size to synapses formed by W boutons in layer 1. In layer 1, the main targets of the W axons are likely the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells, so that both proximal and distal regions of pyramidal cell dendritic trees can be excited by the W pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 516:20–35, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of the early Drosophila larva
Authors: Cardona Albert , Larsen Camilla , Hartenstein Volker 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBy using a combination of dye injections, clonal labeling, and molecular markers, we have reconstructed the axonal connections between brain and ventral nerve cord of the first‐instar Drosophila larva. Out of the approximately 1,400 neurons that form the early larval brain hemisphere, less than 50 cells have axons descending into the ventral nerve cord. Descending neurons fall into four topologically defined clusters located in the anteromedial, anterolateral, dorsal, and basoposterior brain, respectively. The anterolateral cluster represents a lineage derived from a single neuroblast. Terminations of descending neurons are almost exclusively found in the anterior part of the ventral nerve cord, represented by the gnathal and thoracic neuromeres. This region also contains small numbers of neurons with axons ascending into the brain. Terminals of the ascending axons are found in the same basal brain regions that also contain descending neurons. We have mapped ascending and descending axons to the previously described scaffold of longitudinal fiber tracts that interconnect different neuromeres of the ventral nerve cord and the brain. This work provides a structural framework for functional and genetic studies addressing the control of Drosophila larval behavior by brain circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:427–440, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Failures of the three‐dimensional patch test for large elastic deformations
Authors: Jabareen M. , Rubin M. B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWithin the context of 3‐D brick elements for nonlinear elastic materials it is well know that enhanced strain and incompatible mode methods can be used successfully to improve the accuracy of solutions for bending of thin structures. It is also known that these elements can exhibit unphysical hourglass instabilities in states of combined high compression and bending. Here, examples of large deformation uniaxial strain in tension indicate that the enhanced strain/incompatible mode elements in ABAQUS, ADINA and ANSYS predict negative eigenvalues in the stiffness matrix which can cause failure of the three‐dimensional patch test. Specifically, the elements in ABAQUS and ANSYS predict unstable element response with multiple unphysical solutions for a constant value of stretch. In contrast, the Cosserat point element (CPE) analytically satisfies the three‐dimensional patch test for all anisotropic nonlinear elastic materials and all reference element shapes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Characterization by IRMPD Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations of Deprotonated Phosphorylated Amino Acids in the Gas Phase
Authors: Scuderi D. , Correia C. F. , Balaj O. P. , Ohanessian G. , Lemaire J. , Maitre P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSpectral assignment of the IRMPD bands and identification of the vibrational signatures of deprotonated phosphorylated amino acids are attained. The H2PO4− anion is used as a simple model of a free deprotonated phosphate group to identify the IR signatures of phosphorylation. The fragmentation efficiency is lower for [pSer‐H]− (left scale in figure) than for [pThr‐H]− and [pTyr‐H]− (right scale).magnified imageGas‐phase infrared spectra of deprotonated phosphorylated amino acids ([pAA‐H]−)—phosphoserine ([pSer‐H]−), phosphothreonine ([pThr‐H]−), and phosphotyrosine ([pTyr‐H]−)—and of the dihydrogen phosphate anion H2PO4− have been recorded in the mid‐IR region (650–2000 cm−1) under tandem mass spectrometry conditions. The experimental setup involved a Paul ion trap equipped with an electrospray ionization source coupled with a tunable free electron laser (FEL). Spectral assignment of the observed IRMPD bands and identification of the vibrational signatures of the phosphorylation have been performed by comparison with DFT calculations. The H2PO4− anion has been used as a simple model of a free deprotonated phosphate group, helping the identification of the IR signatures of phosphorylation. Our results show that deprotonation occurs on the phosphate group for the three amino acids. A comparison between the deprotonated and protonated phosphorylated amino acids is reported for the most important vibrational features.
Size Dependence of Molar Absorption Coefficients of CdSe Semiconductor Quantum Rods
Authors: Shaviv Ehud , Salant Asaf , Banin Uri 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFundamental properties: The molar absorption coefficients of CdSe quantum rods are determined experimentally as a function of their dimensions (see figure). Far above the band gap a simple dependence on volume is seen. The behavior at the band gap manifests a concentration of oscillator strength with decreased diameter in agreement with strong quantum confinement behavior.magnified image
Interaction of Cytidine 5′‐Monophosphate with Au(111): An In Situ Infrared Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Doneux Thomas , Fojt Lukáš 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAttracted to gold: The interaction of cytidine 5′‐monophosphate (CMP) with gold surfaces is studied at the Au(111) | aqueous solution interface. In situ infrared spectroscopy studies show that cytidine 5′‐monophosphate is chemisorbed on Au(111) through the N3 atom of the pyrimidine ring (see picture).magnified imageThe interaction of cytidine 5′‐monophosphate (CMP) with gold surfaces is studied by means of in situ infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry at the Au(111) | aqueous solution interface. Similar to other nucleic acid components, cytidine 5′‐monophosphate is chemisorbed on the surface at positive potentials, and the amount of adsorbed CMP increases with the potential. Subtractively normalized interfacial Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (SNIFTIRS) is used to identify the adsorbed and desorbed species. Upon electrochemical desorption, the molecules released in solution are unprotonated on the N3 atom. Striking similarities are found between the spectrum of adsorbed CMP and the solution spectrum of protonated CMP. The origin of such similarities is discussed. The results strongly suggest that chemisorption occurs through the N3 atom of the pyrimidine ring. A comparison is drawn with cytidine, whose electrochemical and spectroscopic behaviors are also investigated.
Cover Picture: On the Origin of the “Giant” Electroclinic Effect in a “De Vries”‐Type Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Material for Chirality Sensing Applications (ChemPhysChem 6/2009)
Authors: Kapernaum Nadia , Walba David M. , Korblova Eva , Zhu Chenhui , Jones Chris , Shen Yongqian , Clark Noel A. , Giesselmann Frank 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows characteristics of a new ‘de Vries’‐type ferroelectric liquid crystal in which the ferroelectric transition is an order–disorder transition where the directions of molecular tilt inside a smectic layer order into a certain direction. Since the rod‐like molecules (drawn as cylinders) are tilted in the paraelectric SmA* (with random tilt directions) as well as in the ferroelectric SmC* phase, the ferroelectric transition is connected with a rather weak contraction of the smectic layer thickness (even though the optical tilt θ reaches values of about 25°). On page 890, F. Giesselmann et al. show that this new ferroelectric material exhibits a remarkably weak temperature dependence of its giant electroclinic effect (the coupling between tilt and elelctric field) in the SmA* phase. The origin of this striking electroclinic effect is the co‐occurrence of a ‘de Vries’‐type ordering with a weak first‐order tilting transition.magnified image
Relaxation of Photogenerated Carriers in P3HT:PCBM Organic Blends
Authors: Moehl Thomas , Kytin Vladimir G. , Bisquert Juan , Kunst Marinus , Bolink Henk J. , Garcia‐Belmonte Germà 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRelaxing in the sunlight. Long time‐transient decays of photogenerated carriers in P3HT:PCBM blends for organic solar cells are interpreted in terms of the relaxation of hole carriers in a broad density of states.magnified imageThe after‐pulse time‐resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) decays observed in P3HT:PCBM blends display a dependence on time close to t−β, independent of excitation intensity, in the 10 ns–1 μs range. This is explained in terms of the relaxation of carriers in a Gaussian density of states (DOS). The model is based on a demarcation level that moves with time by thermal release and retrapping of initially trapped carriers. The model shows that when the disorder is large the after‐pulse decay of the type t−β is obtained, while at low disorder and large temperature the carrier distribution becomes independent of time. In the measurements different β values were observed depending on the solvent used for spin‐coating: 0.4–0.6 for chlorobenzene and 0.3–0.4 for toluene. The model was applied to extract the shape of the DOS from the TRMC decays, giving a dispersion parameter of about 120 meV for blends with high P3HT content.
Restriction of ectopic eye formation by Drosophila teashirt and tiptop to the developing antenna
Authors: Datta Rhea R. , Lurye Jessica M. , Kumar Justin P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn Drosophila, the retinal determination network comprises a set of nuclear factors whose loss‐of‐function phenotypes often include the complete or near total elimination of the developing eye. These genes also share the ability of being able to induce ectopic eye formation when forcibly expressed in nonretinal tissues such as the antennae, legs, halteres, wings, and genitals. However, it appears that the ability to redirect and transform tissue fates is limited; not all tissues and cell populations can be forced into adopting an eye fate. In this report, we demonstrate that ectopic eye formation by teashirt and its paralog tiptop, a potential new eye specification gene, is restricted to the developing antennae. Of interest, tiptop appears to be a more effective inducer of retinal formation than teashirt. A genetic screen for interacting proteins failed to identify paralog‐specific relationships suggesting that the differences between these two genes may be attributed instead to structural differences between the duplicates. We also demonstrate that in addition to being expressed in coincident patterns within the developing eye, both paralogs are transcribed at very similar levels. Developmental Dynamics 238:2202–2210, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective X‐ray analysis of electron localizing sites using capacitance or electrostatic force
Authors: Ishii Masashi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFor selective analyses of nanostructures, an X‐ray analysis in which X‐ray‐induced photoionization of electron localizing sites is probed with capacitance (C) or electrostatic force (EF) is proposed. The photoionization of nanostructures with localized electrons provides a quasi‐stable state with a long lifetime of 1 ms or longer. The photoionization is rapidly relaxed to initial state within several femtoseconds at the other sites without localized electrons. Because of high sensitivity of C and EF to the quasi‐stable state with long lifetime, selective analyses of nanostructure can be achieved. We demonstrate this technique with samples of Cu metal and chemically deposited Si oxide film. We observe the modulation of C and EF with a parallel‐plate capacitor and electrostatic force micro‐scopy. The C modulation dependent on X‐ray photon energy indicated an electronic state of Cu/Cu2O interface, and the EF modulation realized stoichiometry mapping of thin SiOx film on Si wafer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(3): 38–45, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10016
A method for extraction of function modules of sequential control programs based on structure analysis
Authors: Nakamura Satoshi , Fujimoto Yasutaka 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a method to extract function modules from sequential control programs is proposed. A hierarchical structure of a given sequential program can be found by using association graph. If some or more variables are connected to each other (strongly connected), the layered structure is not easy to find. Thus, based on the concept of Markov chain, the importance of variables can be conducted. We propose a new method to divide unclear layered variables in more details. An illustrative example of a tank control program is shown as an application of the proposed method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(3): 9–16, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10052
Fabrication of an optical polymer waveguide by plasma‐enhanced polymerization
Authors: Moriki Kazunori , Satoh Tetsuji , Itabashi Atsushi , Yumoto Motoshige 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have fabricated an optical polymer waveguide using plasm‐enhanced polymerization. C6H6 and C6H10 are used as monomer materials for depositing core and cladding layer, respectively, because the refractive index of polymerized layers is known to dominantly depend on the ratio of sp2 and sp3 bond in those. By decreasing RF power below 0.04W/cm2, dangling bonds formed in a polymer film will be suppressed, so that a relatively low‐loss waveguide has been fabricated. We measured propagation loss of those waveguides using the end‐fire method employing laser light at a wavelength of 787 nm. The losses are 3.2cm−1 for the samples plasma‐polymerized in Ar. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(4): 21–28, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10084