bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and new-onset chronic kidney disease in Japanese male workers: a long-term retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kawashima Masatoshi , Wada Koji , Ohta Hiroshi , Terawaki Hiroyuki , Aizawa Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Hyperuricemia is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We explored the hypothesis that asymptmatic hyperuricemia may be associated with new-onset CKD.

Methods
The participants were all male factory workers in Kanagawa, Japan (n = 1,285). All were over 40 years of age and had undergone annual health examinations from 1990 to 2007. Individuals with a history of gouty attacks were excluded from the study. A retrospective cohort study was conducted by following the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for each participant over a maximum period of 18 years. The endpoint was new-onset CKD defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The associations between new-onset CKD and the presence of hyperuricemia, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were analyzed.

Results
The mean (± standard deviation) follow-up period was 95.2 (± 66.7) months, and new-onset CKD was observed in 100 participants (7.8%) during this follow-up. Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the hazard ratio of new-onset CKD due to hyperuricemia, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension and obesity were 3.99 (95% confidence interval: 2.59-6.15), 1.69 (1.00-2.86), 2.00 (1.29-3.11) and 1.35 (0.87-2.10), respectively. Concerning hyperuricemia, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension and obesity, the log-rank tests showed P values of < 0.01, 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.01, respectively.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a predictive factor for new-onset CKD for Japanese male workers.
Survival advantages conferred to colon cancer cells by E-selectin-induced activation of the PI3K-NFκB survival axis downstream of Death receptor-3
Authors: Porquet Nicolas , Poirier Andrée , Houle François , Pin Anne-Laure , Gout Stéphanie , Tremblay Pierre-Luc , Paquet Éric R , Klinck Roscoe , Auger François A , Huot Jacques 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Extravasation of circulating cancer cells is a key event of metastatic dissemination that is initiated by the adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells. It requires interactions between adhesion receptors on endothelial cells and their counter-receptors on cancer cells. Notably, E-selectin, a major endothelial adhesion receptor, interacts with Death receptor-3 present on metastatic colon carcinoma cells. This interaction confers metastatic properties to colon cancer cells by promoting the adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells and triggering the activation of the pro-migratory p38 and pro-survival ERK pathways in the cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated further the mechanisms by which the E-selectin-activated pathways downstream of DR3 confer a survival advantage to colon cancer cells.

Methods
Cell survival has been ascertained by using the WST-1 assay and by evaluating the activation of the PI3 kinase/NFκB survival axis. Apoptosis has been assayed by determining DNA fragmentation by Hoechst staining and by measuring cleavage of caspases-8 and -3. DR3 isoforms have been identified by PCR. For more precise quantification, targeted PCR reactions were carried out, and the amplified products were analyzed by automated chip-based microcapillary electrophoresis on an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer instrument.

Results
Interaction between DR3-expressing HT29 colon carcinoma cells and E-selectin induces the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, p65/RelA, the anti-apoptotic subunit of NFκB, is rapidly translocated to the nucleus in response to E-selectin. This translocation is impaired by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Furthermore, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway increases the cleavage of caspase 8 in colon cancer cells treated with E-selectin and this effect is still further increased when both ERK and PI3K pathways are concomitantly inhibited. Intriguingly, metastatic colon cancer cell lines such as HT29 and SW620 express higher levels of a splice variant of DR3 that has no trans-membrane domain and no death domain.

Conclusion
Colon cancer cells acquire an increased capacity to survive via the activation of the PI3K/NFκB pathway following the stimulation of DR3 by E-selectin. Generation of a DR3 splice variant devoid of death domain can further contribute to protect against apoptosis.
The impact of diabetes on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Baker Meghan A , Harries Anthony D , Jeon Christie Y , Hart Jessica E , Kapur Anil , Lönnroth Knut , Ottmani Salah-Eddine , Goonesekera Sunali D , Murray Megan B 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundMultiple studies of tuberculosis treatment have indicated that patients with diabetes mellitus may experience poor outcomes.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize evidence for the impact of diabetes on tuberculosis outcomes.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE and the World Health Organization Regional Indexes from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 2010 and references of relevant articles for reports of observational studies that included people with diabetes treated for tuberculosis. We reviewed the full text of 742 papers and included 33 studies of which 9 reported culture conversion at two to three months, 12 reported the combined outcome of failure and death, 23 reported death, 4 reported death adjusted for age and other potential confounding factors, 5 reported relapse, and 4 reported drug resistant recurrent tuberculosis.ResultsDiabetes is associated with an increased risk of failure and death during tuberculosis treatment. Patients with diabetes have a risk ratio (RR) for the combined outcome of failure and death of 1.69 (95% CI, 1.36 to 2.12). The RR of death during tuberculosis treatment among the 23 unadjusted studies is 1.89 (95% CI, 1.52 to 2.36), and this increased to an effect estimate of 4.95 (95% CI, 2.69 to 9.10) among the 4 studies that adjusted for age and other potential confounding factors. Diabetes is also associated with an increased risk of relapse (RR, 3.89; 95% CI, 2.43 to 6.23). We did not find evidence for an increased risk of tuberculosis recurrence with drug resistant strains among people with diabetes. The studies assessing sputum culture conversion after two to three months of tuberculosis therapy were heterogeneous with relative risks that ranged from 0.79 to 3.25.ConclusionsDiabetes increases the risk of failure and death combined, death, and relapse among patients with tuberculosis. This study highlights a need for increased attention to treatment of tuberculosis in people with diabetes, which may include testing for suspected diabetes, improved glucose control, and increased clinical and therapeutic monitoring.
Cancer-Induced Bone Pain Sequentially Activates the ERK/MAPK Pathway in Different Cell Types in the Rat Spinal Cord
Authors: Wang Li-Na , Yao Ming , Yang Jian-Ping , Peng Jun , Peng Yan , Li Cai-Fang , Zhang Yan-Bing , Ji Fu-Hai , Cheng Hao , Xu Qi-Nian , Wang Xiu-Yun , Zuo Jian-Ling 
Published: July 2011

Background: Previous studies have demonstrates that, after nerve injury, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation in the spinal cord-initially in neurons, then microglia, and finally astrocytes. In addition, phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK) contributes to nociceptive responses following inflammation and/or nerve injury. However, the role of spinal cells and the ERK/MAPK pathway in cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) remains poorly understood. The present study analyzed activation of spinal cells and the ERK/MAPK pathway in a rat model of bone cancer pain. Results: A Sprague Dawley rat model of bone cancer pain was established and the model was evaluated by a series of tests. Moreover, fluorocitrate (reversible glial metabolic inhibitor) and U0126 (a MEK inhibitor) was administered intrathecally. Western blots and double immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression and location of phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK). Our studies on pain behavior show that the time between day 6 and day 18 is a reasonable period (“time window” as the remaining stages) to investigate bone cancer pain mechanisms and to research analgesic drugs. Double-labeling immunofluorescence revealed that p-ERK was sequentially expressed in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in the L4-5 superficial spinal cord following inoculation of Walker 256 cells. Phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK) and the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) increased in the spinal cord of CIBP rats, which was attenuated by intrathecal injection of fluorocitrate or U0126. Conclusions: The ERK inhibitors could have a useful role in CIBP management, because the same target is expressed in various cells at different times.
Specific expression of GPR56 by human cytotoxic lymphocytes
Authors: Peng Yen-Ming , van de Garde Martijn D B , Cheng Kai-Fong , Baars Paul A , Remmerswaal Ester B M , van Lier René A W , Mackay Charles R , Lin Hsi-Hsien , Hamann Jörg 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe here report the existence of a new cluster of adhesion-GPCRs in human immune cells. Analysis of a comprehensive immune cell transcriptome dataset indicated that expression of the closely related receptors, GPR56, GPR97, and GPR114, is associated with single lymphocyte and granulocyte subsets. Applying flow cytometric analysis with newly generated mAb, we show that expression of GPR56 is restricted to cytotoxic NK and T lymphocytes, including CD8+, CD4+, and γδ T cells. Primary infection with human CMV, which generates a vast population of CD8+ T cells with an effector phenotype, induced a strong increase in GPR56 expression in virus-specific CD8+ T cells that remained detectable during latency. In NK-92 cells, ectopic expression of GPR56 inhibited spontaneous and SDF-1-stimulated cell migration. Our data suggest that GPR56 expression is a common trait of human cytotoxic lymphocytes and might affect the migratory properties of these cells.
Changes in neuropsychological functioning following treatment for late-life generalised anxiety disorder
Authors: Butters Meryl A. , Bhalla Rishi K. , Andreescu Carmen , Wetherell Julie Loebach , Mantella Rose , Begley Amy E. , Lenze Eric J. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundGeneralised anxiety disorder (GAD) in older adults is associated with neuropsychological impairment.AimsWe examined neuropsychological functioning in older adults with GAD in comparison with psychiatrically healthy older adults at baseline, and we examined changes following a 12-week placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram.MethodA total of 160 participants without dementia aged ⩾60 with current GAD and 37 individuals in a comparison group without psychiatric history underwent neuropsychological assessment. Of these, 129 participants with GAD were reassessed post-treatment (trial registration: NCT00105586).ResultsThe participants with GAD performed worse than the comparison group in information processing speed, working memory, inhibition, problem-solving (including concept formation and mental flexibility) and immediate and delayed memory. Neuropsychological functioning was correlated with everyday functioning. After treatment, those with low cognitive scores experienced working memory, delayed memory and visuospatial ability improvement and those who reported clinical improvement in anxiety exhibited improvement in the ability to engage inhibition and episodic recall. These improvements were modest and of similar magnitude in both treatment conditions.ConclusionsGeneralised anxiety disorder in older adults is associated with neuropsychological impairments, which are associated with functional impairment. Those with GAD who either have a low cognitive performance or report clinical improvement in anxiety post-treatment, show improvement in multiple cognitive domains. These findings underscore the importance of treatments that aid cognition as well as anxiety symptoms.
Bis(μ-iodo)bis[(−)-sparteine]dicopper: A Versatile Catalyst for Direct O-Arylation and O-Alkylation of Phenols and Aliphatic Alcohols with Haloarenes
Authors: Satyanarayana Ponnam , Maheswaran Hariharasarma , Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi , Bhargava Suresh 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The easy to prepare dimeric bis(μ-iodo)bis[(−)-sparteine]dicopper ([CuI{(−)-spa}]2 complex) is shown to be versatile catalyst for O-arylation and O-alkylation with various aryl halides with phenols and aliphatic alcohols respectively, including less reactive aryl chlorides, such as chlorobenzene under mild conditions.
Drying Process of Emulsions Stabilized by Solid Particles
Authors: Nakagawa Naoki , Nonomura Yoshimune 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We observed the drying process of Pickering emulsions with a microscope. In the case of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions stabilized by common surfactants, the emulsion droplets shrunk while maintaining their spherical shapes. On the other hand, in the case of w/o emulsions stabilized by solid particles, wrinkles occurred and expanded on the droplet surfaces. The colorant dissolved in the water phase remained in a wide area after drying.
Synthesis and n-Type Field-effect Transistor Characteristics of Dioxopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Suna Yuki , Nishida Jun-ichi , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Yamashita Yoshiro 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Dioxopyrrolopyrrole derivatives with electron-withdrawing groups have been synthesized and applied to organic field-effect transistors as n-channel semiconductors. A derivative with an intermolecular hydrogen-bonding network showed a good electron mobility up to 2.9 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Inter- and intra-observer assessment of the Galactogram Imaging Classification System (GICS)
Authors: Torres-Alés Carolina , Berná-Serna Juan de Dios , Berná-Mestre Juan de Dios , Sola-Pérez Joaquín 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundA new system for the classification of galactograms is reported. To date, there is no universally accepted classification system.PurposeTo evaluate inter- and intra-observer agreement of the Galactogram Imaging Classification System (GICS)Material and MethodsSix observers with different levels of experience retrospectively evaluated 30 galactograms using the GICS. Images were reviewed independently twice within a four-week period. The kappa statistic was calculated for intra- and inter-observer variability.ResultsThe kappa for inter-observer agreement was moderate to substantial (range 0.41–0.72). Overall, the intra-observer kappa values were excellent (range 0.80–0.94).ConclusionThe present study shows a good to very good inter- and intra-observer agreement with the GICS. We believe the GICS can be incorporated into daily practice.
Misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care in England and Wales: an analysis of deaths and hospital episodes
Authors: Ker Katharine , Edwards Phil , Roberts Ian 
Published: July 2011

Objectives To estimate incidence of injury to patients attributed to misadventures during surgical and medical care by age group and to examine recent trends. Design Analysis of routine morbidity and mortality data categorized by the 9th and 10th revisions of the International Classification of Diseases. Participants Children 0–14 years and adults ≥15 years. Setting England and Wales during 1999 to 2008 (hospital episodes) and 1979 to 2009 (deaths). Main outcome measures We calculated deaths per million person-years and per 1000 hospital episodes; hospital episodes per 100,000 person-years and per 100,000 procedures performed. Results The rate of death attributed to misadventures during surgical and medical care in patients aged 75 years and older was over 50 times (rate ratio 57.2; 95% confidence interval 38.3–85.3) higher than in children aged 1–14 years. Estimated hospital episode rates were 20 times (RR 20.0; 18.9–21.2) higher in patients aged 75 years and older. Mortality attributed to misadventures declined from 1.1 (0.9–1.4) deaths per million person-years in 1979 to 0.4 (0.2–0.6) in 2009. Hospital episodes of misadventures decreased between 1999 and 2008 from 30.8 (29.9–31.8) episodes per 100,000 procedures to 23.25 (22.5–24.1), but increased from 7.8 (7.6–8.1) per 100,000 person-years to 9.8 (9.5–10.1). Conclusions Misadventures during surgical and medical care are an important cause of avoidable injury. Older patients appear to be at higher risk of experiencing and dying from misadventure. Interpretation of recent trends is limited by uncertainties regarding the consistency and coverage of coding.
DNA binding proteins: outline of functional classification
Authors: Zheng Zhiming , Wang Ya 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDNA-binding proteins composed of DNA-binding domains directly affect genomic functions, mainly by performing transcription, DNA replication or DNA repair. Here, we briefly describe the DNA-binding proteins according to these three major functions. Transcription factors that usually bind to specific sequences of DNA could be classified based on their sequence similarity and the structure of the DNA-binding domains, such as basic, zinc-coordinating, helix-turn-helix domains, etc. Most DNA replication factors do not need a specific sequence of DNA, but instead mainly depend on a DNA structure, with the exception of the origin recognition complex in yeast orEscherichia colithat recognizes the DNA sequences at particular origins. DNA replication includes initiation and elongation. The major DNA-binding proteins involved in these two steps are briefly described. DNA repair proteins bound to DNA depend on the damaged DNA structure. They are classified to base excision repair, DNA mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination repair and non-homologous end joining. The major DNA-binding proteins involved in these pathways are briefly described. Histone and high mobility group are two examples of DNA-binding proteins that do not belong to the three categories above and are briefly described. Finally, we warn that the non-specific binding proteins might have an affinity to some non-specific medium materials such as protein A or G beads that are commonly used for immune precipitation, which can easily generate false positive signals while detecting protein-protein interaction; therefore, the results need to be carefully analyzed using positive/negative controls.
Accuracy of a Novel System for Oxygen Delivery to Small Children
Authors: Coghill Matthew , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Chatburn Robert L. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Wright Linda L. , Carlo Waldemar A. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Oxygen therapy for infants and small children in developing countries is often not available. Entrainment devices may provide an accurate and precise concentration of oxygen when used at the flow rates appropriate for infants and small children.

METHODS:
A continuously adjustable entrainment device was tested to determine the concentrations and flows of oxygen delivered by using low inlet flow rates suitable for therapy for infants and small children and 3 distinct oxygen delivery systems that varied in their resistive load.

RESULTS:
The use of long and large bore, low resistance tubing (similar to a mask) resulted in the delivery of oxygen concentrations that tracked closely (accurate and precise) to values indicated by the entrainment device. The directly connected system with lower resistance (similar to a hood) produced a similar profile of concentrations and flow rates to the large bore tubing but with even greater accuracy. The use of a long and narrow tubing with higher resistance (similar to a cannula) did not deliver accurate oxygen concentrations. In fact, this high-resistance system failed to work as intended, and instead of entraining air, a large proportion (sometimes &gt;50%) of the oxygen delivered to the entrainment device was ejected through its vents.

CONCLUSIONS:
Entrainment devices can deliver accurate oxygen concentrations at low flow rates if used with low resistance delivery systems; however, entrainment devices are not suitable for use with high resistance delivery systems such as a standard nasal cannula.
Influence of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery on the Periodontal Condition
Authors: Pataro André Luiz , Costa Fernando Oliveira , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Cortelli José Roberto , Dupim Souza Ana Carolina , Nogueira Guimarães Abreu Mauro Henrique , Girundi Marcelo Gomes , Costa José Eustáquio 
Published: July 2011

Background: Recent studies have shown that being overweight or obese is associated with a higher risk of periodontitis. However, the literature offers an insufficient number of published reports regarding the effect of bariatric surgery on oral health. As such, the present study aims to determine the association between periodontal status and being overweight/obese in prebariatric and postbariatric surgery populations of Brazil.Methods: Three hundred forty‐five participants between 18 and 60 years of age, from both sexes, were grouped according to prebariatric or postbariatric surgery and underwent a complete periodontal examination. Biologic, demographic, and behavioral variables were analyzed in a Poisson regression model.Results: Considering the timing of bariatric surgery, the sample was divided into three groups: PRE‐OP (preoperative, n = 133), POS‐OP1 (postoperative ≤6 months, n = 72), and POS‐OP2 (post‐surgery >6 months, n = 140). Regardless of the type of surgery (PRE‐OP, POS‐OP1, POS‐OP2), the prevalence of periodontitis proved to be high (81.45%). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of periodontitis among the PRE‐OP, POS‐OP1, and POS‐OP2 groups (P = 0.040). In the Poisson regression model, after adjusting for biologic, demographic, and behavioral risk variables, only bleeding on probing remained significantly associated with the prevalence of periodontitis (P <0.001).Conclusion: Differences in periodontal condition were observed in individuals at different times of the bariatric surgery, showing a high prevalence of periodontitis in both preoperative and postoperative follow‐up.
A Review of the Crises
Authors: Shoham Amir , Pelzman Joseph 
Published: July 2011

The literature on the financial crisis is very large and diverse. The intent of this article is to summarize these and other mainstream articles through the lens of two key questions: (1) what caused the crisis? and (2) why have the spillover effects been so devastating in so many industrial countries? In Section II of this review, we address the demand side for liquidity. Section III presents the supply side of liquidity. Section IV tackles the second question: namely, the contagion effect. Section V introduces the other articles in this special section of the journal.
Assessment Methods of Partnering Relations of Polish, Slovak and Ukrainian Construction Enterprises with the Use of Fuzzy Logic / Metodyka Oceny Relacji Partnerskich Polskich, Słowackich I Ukrainskich Przedsiebiorstw Budowlanych Z Wykorzystaniem Logiki Rozmytej
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina E. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract The paper shows methods of analysis and assessment of partnering relations of construction enterprises with the use of questionnaires, statistics, and fuzzy logic. The results were obtained from Polish, Slovak and Ukrainian enterprises. The definition of partnering in the construction industry indicates that it is a qualitative concept. By applying a scale in the questionnaire, and due to mathematical analysis of the data, the final research result, showing the level of partnering relations of construction enterprises, is rendered quantitatively