bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of albumin removal from an immunoaffinity spin column: Critical implications for proteomic examination of the albuminome and albumin‐depleted samples
Authors: Gundry Rebekah L. , White Melanie Y. , Nogee Julie , Tchernyshyov Irina , Van Eyk Jennifer E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHigh abundance proteins in serum and plasma (e.g., albumin) are routinely removed during proteomic sample processing as they can mask lower abundance proteins and peptides of biological/clinical interest. A common method of albumin depletion is based on immunoaffinity capture, and many immunoaffinity devices are designed for multiple uses. In this case, it is critical that the albumin captured on the affinity matrix is stripped from the column prior to regeneration of the matrix and processing of subsequent samples, to ensure no carryover and that maximal binding sites are available for subsequent samples. The current study examines the ability of a manufacturer's protocol to remove the proteins and peptides captured by an immunoaffinity spin column. The data presented in the current work illustrate the difficulty in completely removing albumin from the immunoaffinity device, and consequently, may explain the variability and decreased efficiency shown for this device in previous studies. In summary, the current data present important considerations for the implementation of multiple‐use immunoaffinity devices for processing subsequent clinical samples in a proteomic workflow.
The 7th East Midlands Proteomics Workshop 12 November 2008, Nottingham, UK
Authors: Liddell Susan , Dyall Sabrina , Matharoo‐Ball Balwir 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOver 200 scientists with a common interest in proteomic techniques and their application to fundamental biological and biomedical problems participated in the 7th East Midlands Proteomics Workshop. This annual one day meeting was held in Nottingham in November 2008 and is a joint venture of colleagues from three local Universities: The University of Nottingham, Nottingham Trent University, and Loughborough University.
Pressure Effect on the Velocity and Flux Distributions of Sputtered Metal Species in Magnetron Discharge Measured by Space‐Resolved Tunable Diode Laser Induced Fluorescence
Authors: Vitelaru Catalin , de Poucques Ludovic , Hytkova Tereza , Minea Tiberiu M. , Boisse‐Laporte Caroline , Bretagne Jean , Popa Gheorghe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe pressure acts on the sputtered species resulting in their thermalization. Space‐resolved velocity distributions of titanium atoms sputtered in a direct‐current magnetron discharge were investigated using the tunable diode‐laser induced fluorescence technique (TD‐LIF). The titanium 3d24s2 − 3d2(3F)4s4p(1P0) transition centred at λ0 = 398.289 nm was used to excite neutral Ti atoms and to measure their velocity distribution profile through the TD‐LIF signal measured at λTD‐LIF = 736.31 nm. Two groups of metallic particles, namely energetic and thermalized atoms, could be clearly distinguished and the corresponding flux distributions along the laser beam direction were deduced. The paper discusses the relative importance of the energetic atoms versus the discharge pressure especially in the vicinity of the target.
Optical and Langmuir Probe Diagnostics in a Magnetized Hollow Cathode Arc
Authors: Avaria Gonzalo , Lunk Achim , Schröder Attila , Vinogradov Igor Pavlovitch 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe paper presents measurements of the plasma parameters of a hollow cathode arc (HCA) using Langmuir probes (LPs) as well as optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The plasma of a HCA is characterized by a high energy beam‐like component of electrons which causes a relatively high ionization degree. Data of LP measurements were evaluated to obtain the electron energy distribution function (EEDF), which could be approximated by the generalized Druyvesteyn distribution. The spectroscopic method used is based on the analysis of the molecular spectra of nitrogen and the atomic spectra of He and Ar. By considering several lines with different excitation thresholds the EEDF could be obtained in a trial and error procedure using a regularization routine. Because of the high electron density in HCA, stepwise processes initiated by metastable states of Ar and He atoms and N2 molecules are taken into account also. The data evaluated from spectroscopic measurements are compared with those from LP measurements. The EEDF measured by OES could be approximated by a Maxwellian distribution function.
Near infrared photoluminescence in Zn1–xNixS
Authors: Joshi N. V. , Luengo Jorge , Vera Fatima 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWith the view to examine the role of d*‐d transitions of Ni in energy up conversion and in other photonic devices, photoluminescence spectral investigation near infrared region (10000 cm–1 to 12000 cm–1) was carried out at 10 K and 300 K in diluted magnetic semiconductor, Zn1–xNixS. The samples were specially grown for this investigation. Some new emission lines along with a broad emission band are observed. Their origin is discussed on the basis of the transition from the excited T2(1D) state to the ground state A1(3F). The role of a splitted valence band structure and the presence of Ni+ state in photoluminescence is also discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical and electrical characterization of In‐doped ZnMgO films grown by spray pyrolysis method
Authors: Yoshino Kenji , Oshima Minoru , Takemoto Yujin , Oyama Satoshi , Yoneta Minoru 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn‐doped Zn0.9Mg0.1O (0 ∼ 5 mol%) films on glass substrate were successfully grown by a spray pyrolysis method at 500 °C. The c‐axis orientation became weak with increasing indium concentration. This indicated that In‐doping caused the degree of crystallinity of the Zn0.9Mg0.1O films to decrease. Indium atoms could be acted as a donor type impurity because electrical conduction types in the undoped and In‐doped films indicated all n‐types and In‐doping caused the resistivity to decrease and carrier concentration to increase. Furthermore, In‐doping caused the number of nonradiative recombination centers to increase because photoluminescence intensity decreased with increasing indium concentration. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescent materials based on semiconductor compound templates for random laser applications
Authors: Ursaki V. V. , Tiginyanu I. M. , Sirbu L. , Enachi M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA survey of methods for the preparation of luminescent nanocomposite materials with the focus on random laser media on the basis of porous semiconductor and dielectric templates is presented. Media with controlled light scattering properties are prepared by electrochemical dissolution of semiconductor substrates, or by electrochemical oxidation of metallic foils. For the introduction of optical gain properties to highly scattering medium prepared by electrochemical technologies, methods for doping porous semiconductor GaP, GaAs and InP as well as dielectric Al2O3 and TiO2 templates with rare earth elements (Eu, Er) and transition metals (Cr, Ti) were developed. The possibility of producing a medium with optical gain properties is demonstrated also by making use of excitonic effects such as exciton‐exciton scattering and stimulated emission of electron‐hole plasma. This approach is suitable for composite materials containing ZnO and ZnSe ingredients. A comparative analysis of the produced structures from the point of view of light emission efficiency, threshold for the onset of laser action, and other characteristics is presented. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Features of incommensurate phases in multiferroics
Authors: Gadjiev Bahruz 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe present the results of a theoretical analysis of two‐dimensionally modulated incommensurate phases in crystals and define the space distribution of magnetization and polarization vector in the incommensurate phase and demonstrate that their averaging in the incommensurate phase period equals zero. We apply symmetry arguments and show that despite the fact that the phase transition in the system is described by reducible representation of the space group high symmetry phase the superspace symmetry group of the incommensurate phase contains all symmetry point groups of the high symmetry phase. We analyze the influence of the fractal distribution of defects on the evolution of the incommensurate phase and show that a phase transition occurs in the incommensurate phase that is accompanied by the inversion loss. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal structure and surface morphology of the Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Romanyuk V. L. , Gremenok V. F. , Merkulov V. S. , Emelyanov V. A. , Syakersky V. S. , Chyhir R. R. , Abetkovskaia S. O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBa0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BST) thin films have been deposited on Si substrates under two different temperatures (200 °C and 450 °C) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The structural characterization of the BST thin films was performed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and the surface morphology was explored by atomic force microscopy (AFM). All films were found to be crystalline with preferred (100) plane orientation. The diffraction patterns from XRD analysis are attributed to cubic perovskite structure. Annealing did not result in considerable change in XRD spectra of the films. The annealing after deposition resulted in increasing of the grain size and had almost no influence on the roughness of the Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin film. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of Mn‐doped AgInS2 grown by a hot‐press method
Authors: Akaki Yoji , Shirahata Yasuhiro , Yoshino Kenji , Ohno Yutaka , Yonenaga Ichiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMn‐doped AgInS2 crystals are grown by a hot‐press method at 700 °C for 1 hour under high pressure of 25 MPa from stoichiometric Ag2S and In2S3 powders with the Mn atoms with a concentration between 5 and 20 mol.%. Mn‐doped crystals showed diffraction lines of orthorhombic AgInS2 and AgIn5S8 in addition to the dominant lines of chalcopyrite AgInS2. The S composition in the crystals is slightly deficient independent of the Mn concentration. Electron states of Mn are studied by an electron spin resonance (ESR) at room temperature. The ESR intensity of the Mn‐doped crystals increases with an increase in the Mn concentration. The g ‐factors at room temperature of the Mn‐doped crystals are in the range 1.980‐1.982 with the peak‐to‐peak linewidth in the range 4.5‐8.9 mT. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of porous CuInS2 crystals
Authors: Akaki Yoji , Matsubara Takanori , Ohno Yuki , Momiki Takanori , Ide Kazuki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCuInS2 crystals were grown from starting materials CuCl2 · 2H2O, InCl3 · 4H2O and thiorea with ethylene glycol solution, that were placed into a flask, heated, and refluxed for 1 hour. The diffraction peaks only from CuInS2 phase appear for all the samples. The morphology of CuInS2 crystal was porous, and the porous crystals exist in two kinds. One kind was flower‐like crystals which complexly lack the flakes, another one was sphere‐like crystals existed with a number of the poles. The sizes of sphere‐like porous crystals were approximately 1.0 μm. The specific surface area of the samples grown at 180 °C and 600 rpm estimated approximately 30 m2/g. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IRS: application reconfiguration scheme for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ma Huadong , Zhang Dongmei , Wan Bin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractApplication reconfiguration is essential to achieving flexibility and adaptability of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) used in environment monitoring. In this paper, we present an integrated reconfiguration scheme (IRS) for implementing environment adaptive application reconfiguration (EAAR) in WSNs. In our scheme, application reconfiguration is implemented with the push‐based paradigm for densely distributed nodes and the cluster‐based hybrid reconfiguration (CHR) paradigm for sparsely distributed nodes. We demonstrate the energy‐efficiency and scalability of our scheme by analyzing the energy consumption based on a randomly deployed sensor network. Moreover, we derive the density threshold of reconfiguration nodes (RNs) for determining if the nodes are densely or sparsely distributed, and choose the mode of operation for IRS. We use extensive simulation experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decision‐Making About Inherited Cancer Risk: Exploring Dimensions of Genetic Responsibility
Authors: Etchegary Holly , Miller Fiona , deLaat Sonya , Wilson Brenda , Carroll June , Cappelli Mario 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSince genetic information has implications for family members, some choices about genetic risk may be influenced by perceptions of responsibility to relatives. Drawing upon 25 semi‐structured interviews with test recipients in Canada, this study explored decisions about inherited breast‐ovarian and colon cancer. Qualitative data analysis revealed the pervasive significance of genetic responsibility in test decisions. We highlight three dimensions of genetic responsibility: 1) to know about the self for self; 2) to know about the self for others; 3) to know about the self to oblige others to know. It is argued that these dimensions of genetic responsibility have implications for test decisions, family relationships and other family members’ desire to know (or not know) and to act (or not act) with respect to their own genetic risk. In particular, genetic responsibility may play out as a framing of a relative's moral obligation to know their risk that could obviate any interest they might have in not knowing. We conclude that perceptions of responsibility to—and of−other family members be thoroughly explored in genetic counseling sessions.
Biocompatible Nanocomplexes for Molecular Targeted MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Chen Zhijin , Yu Dexin , Wang Shaojie , Zhang Na , Ma Chunhong , Lu Zaijun 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Accurate diagnosis in early stage is vital for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of poly lactic acid–polyethylene glycol/gadolinium–diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA) nanocomplexes using as biocompatible molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes were obtained using self-assembly nanotechnology by incubation of PLA–PEG nanoparticles and the commercial contrast agent, Gd–DTPA. The physicochemical properties of nanocomplexes were measured by atomic force microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. The T1-weighted MR images of the nanocomplexes were obtained in a 3.0 T clinical MR imager. The stability study was carried out in human plasma and the distribution in vivo was investigated in rats. The mean size of the PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes was 187.9 ± 2.30 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.108, and the zeta potential was −12.36 ± 3.58 mV. The results of MRI test confirmed that the PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes possessed the ability of MRI, and the direct correlation between the MRI imaging intensities and the nano-complex concentrations was observed (r = 0.987). The signal intensity was still stable within 2 h after incubation of the nanocomplexes in human plasma. The nanocomplexes gave much better image contrast effects and longer stagnation time than that of commercial contrast agent in rat liver. A dose of 0.04 mmol of gadolinium per kilogram of body weight was sufficient to increase the MRI imaging intensities in rat livers by five-fold compared with the commercial Gd–DTPA. PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes could be prepared easily with small particle sizes. The nanocomplexes had high plasma stability, better image contrast effect, and liver targeting property. These results indicated that the PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes might be potential as molecular targeted imaging contrast agent.
Axially symmetric self-focusing of whistler waves
Authors: Karpman V. I. , Kaufman R. N. , Shagalov A. G. 
Published: March 2009

The self-focusing of whistler waves in a low-β plasma is considered. Axially symmetric solutions of the MHD and Schrödinger equations are found that describe stationary and homogeneous wave beams together with the plasma ducts in which they are trapped.The self-focusing occurs both at ω < ½ωc and ω > ½ωc where ωc is the electron cyclotron frequency. The wave leakage which takes place in some types of duct and pre vents self-focusing from developing is investigated in detail.
Guided propagation of Alfvén waves in the magnetosphere
Authors: Fejer J. A. , Lee Kaifong 
Published: March 2009

The guided propagation of Alfvén waves in a cold plasma is discussed from several points of view. First the field of a line source is calculated at infinity. This calculation leads to a divergence in the radiated power in two directions forming very small angles with the magnetic field.The divergence is removed if the line source is replaced by a strip source of finite width. It is shown that propagation from a strip source only a few kilo-metres wide is strongly guided by the magnetic field, with almost no spreading, along a field line extending up to, say, 4 earth radii for wave periods of about 100 sec.
Electron interactions and quantum plasma physics
Authors: Rauscher Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2009

The ‘quantum electrodynamics’ of the scattering of radiation from a fully ionized, interacting plasma is to be considered.The plasma particle interaction must properly be treated quantum mechanically when the electron plasma wave phonon energies are comparable to or greater than the mean random electron energies and/or when the phonon momenta are of the order of magnitude or greater than the average electron momenta in the plasma.In these two circumstances or either one of them, the plasma particle inter action must be treated in a quantum mechanical manner. The ‘solid-state’ plasma recently discussed by D.E.McCumber is an example of a quantum plasma.Whether a classical or a quantum plasma is considered, the collective properties, as well as the single-particle properties, need to be considered. The collective properties of the plasma become important when it interacts with a radiation field in the case where the electron plasma frequency, ωp, is of the same order of magnitude, or exceeds, the operating radiation frequency ω, i.e. ωp≥ω.A criterion to distinguish the properties of a plasma as to whether it is classical or quantum mechanical in nature can be defined in terms of three fundamental lengths of the electron gas. These definitions hold for a one-component plasma. They are: the classical length βe2, the Debye screening length and the thermal de Broglie wavelength defined as 1/kT. From these three quantities, we can define two dimensionless parameters. They are the classical parameter and the quantum parameter δ=λ/λD which is a measure of the quantum effects. For a quantum plasma δ>1 and in the classical limit (h = 0),δ=0, Λ<1.When we take into account the collective behaviour characterized by the plasma oscillations, screening effects are an automatic aspect of the electron plasma gas.It is hoped that the present review article will provide the background material for general understanding of the field and easy access to the current literature. It is also hoped that the present discussion will establish greater interest in this subject.As an example of a calculation of plasma properties, a calculation of the generalized dielectric constant for both a low-density plasma in the classical limit and a high-density plasma in the quantum mechanical limit is performed and compared in a suitable manner.
Stability of laminar magnetofluid flow along a parallel magnetic field
Authors: Kent A. 
Published: March 2009

A perfect magnetofluid model is used, without viscosity or resistivity. The simpler velocity and magnetic profiles are classified into stable and unstable groups. The analysis takes account of exponential and non-exponential time dependence, and of rigid and free boundaries.A variety of stability criteria are established, and related to similar results in non-conducting fluid mechanics. A constant magnetic field is shown to stabilize some velocity profiles but destabilize others.
A variational approach to the dynamic stability of high-density plasmas in magnetic containment devices
Authors: Wells Daniel R. , Norwood Joseph 
Published: March 2009

Variational methods are used to determine the structure of dynamically stable plasmoids. The total energy of the plasmoid is varied subject to a set of constraint integrals on the flow. It is demonstrated that the resulting flow structure results in a plasmoid of the type observed experimentally when the angular momentum of the plasmoid is not conserved. This is the collinear vortex structure. New experimental results are presented which demonstrate that the structures observed in mirror trapping experiments may be of the type predicted by the variational calculation.It is demonstrated that the collinear plasmoid structures can propagate in a surrounding conducting gas as members of a class of non-linear transverse waves that trap and transport fluid mass. They may also exist as standing waves in a surrounding medium which supports currents and acts as a force-bearing shell. The interaction of the non-linear transverse waves (plasmoids) with each other and with the magnetic mirror field produces a reversed-field closed configuration. Experimental results are presented which illustrate these effects and show details of the structures.It is also demonstrated that a modification of these solutions that assumes conservation of angular momentum of the plasmoid describes another type of plasma structure which is centred on the magnetic field lines and moves at right angles to the field. This is the field-aligned plasma structure.
On the kinetic equation for resonant three-wave coupling
Authors: Davidson Ronald C. , Kaufman Allan N. 
Published: March 2009

The kinetic equation for resonant three-wave coupling is solved exactly in the one-dimensional case assuming that only a single triplet of modes in interacting. No assumptions are made as to the froms of the interaction kernel or of the oscillation frequencies as functions of wave-number. Both positive- and negative- energy waves are allowed to be present simultaenously. In explosively unstable situations the time, t∞, for divergent behaviour to occur is calculated in terms of the interaction keral and intial conditions. In situations where the system is non-linearly stable, the density of quasi-particles is found to tend time-asymptotically to a steady state which depends in detail on the initial preparation of the system.For the case of two or three dimensions, the asymptotic state is obtained when the system is stable, the k-space is finite, and only one triplet of modes interact. If these modes all have the same sign of energy, the Rayleigh—Jeans distribution is valid; but if one of the modes has the oppsoite sign of energy, an additional conservation law leads to a modification of the Rayleigh-Jeans distribution.