bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of self and its relation to work stress and work satisfaction
Authors: Cavaiola Alan A. , Peters Callandra , Hamdan Nadya , Lavender Neil J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study examines the relation of differentiation of self in the workplace to work stress and work satisfaction among individuals working in various employment settings. Family theorist Murray Bowen (1976, 1978) defined differentiation as encompassing one's ability to attain a mature balance between autonomy and intimacy within relationships. The purpose of this study was to determine whether better levels of differentiation would translate into better workplace relationships that would reflect in greater job satisfaction and lower perceived stress levels. The Emotional Reactivity, Emotional Cutoff, and Fusion subscales of the Differentiation of Self Inventory (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998) and the Workplace Differentiation Inventory developed by the authors assessed differentiation of self in the workplace. As hypothesized, participants who scored as more highly differentiated on both scales reported greater overall job satisfaction and lower interpersonal stress. Researchers found significant positive correlations between the subscales of the Differentiation of Self Inventory and the Workplace Differentiation Inventory, which suggests that workers tend to respond to interpersonal workplace situations in similar ways as their responses to other relationships. Researchers found significant gender differences, with women reporting more Emotional Reactivity and Fusion than men do. The authors use Bowen's theory of differentiation in discussing these results.
In vitro antioxidant synergism and antagonism between food extracts can lead to similar activities in H2O2‐induced cell death, caspase‐3 and MMP‐2 activities in H9c2 cells
Authors: Wang Sunan , Meckling Kelly A , Marcone Massimo F , Kakuda Yukio , Proulx Amy , Tsao Rong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The cardio‐health‐promoting activity of some foods may be due to their specific antioxidant content. The antioxidant activity of a mixture of plant extracts has been shown to differ from the activity of the individual extracts. As a result, the activity of the mixture can be described as synergistic, antagonistic or additive. This in vitro study evaluated the relationship between the in vitro antioxidant capacity of mixtures and their bioactivity when cardiomyocytes (H9c2) were challenged with H2O2.RESULTS: A mixture of raspberry and adzuki bean extracts produced a synergistic response and a mixture of broccoli and soybean extracts produced an antagonistic response in chemical‐based antioxidant assays. When these extracts were tested in cell cultures, individually and in mixtures, the mixture of raspberry and adzuki bean protected the cardiomyocytes from H2O2‐induced cell damage significantly better than the individual extracts. Conversely, the mixture of broccoli and soybean extracts was less effective in protecting H9c2 cells. The synergistic and antagonistic effects of the mixtures in protecting cell damage were brought about by enhanced or reduced ability in attenuating caspase‐3 and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 activities elevated by H2O2.CONCLUSION: Food mixtures with synergistic antioxidant activity and protective property against reactive oxygen species‐induced cell death can potentially be incorporated into novel functional foods or beverages with optimum health benefit. The antagonistic effect of food mixtures can be a health concern and thus should be avoided. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of neckband color on survival and recovery rates of Ross's geese
Authors: Caswell Jason H. , Alisauskas Ray T. , Leafloor James O. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractColored neckbands are known to reduce survival rates of geese, but the underlying cause for lower survival is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that hunters cause this lower survival rate by actively targeting neckbanded geese. We evaluated this hypothesis by estimating recovery and survival rates of adult Ross's geese (Chen rossii) at both Queen Maud Gulf (QMG) and McConnell River (MCR) Migratory Bird Sanctuaries carrying each of 3 marker combinations: 1) standard legbands (n = 11,321) for basic estimates of recovery and survival rates; 2) standard legbands and colored neckbands (n = 8,587) as the marked sample most detectable and thus most vulnerable to targeting by hunters; and 3) standard legbands and white neckbands (n = 6,501) as the sample exposed to the general risks of carrying neckbands but only minimally detectable by hunters, if at all. Recovery rates (±95% CL) of Ross's geese were lowest for those marked with legbands (0.024 ± 0.004 at MCR and 0.016 ± 0.003 at QMG) and highest for those marked with neckbands, regardless of neckband color (0.042 ± 0.005 at MCR and 0.035 ± 0.005 at QMG). Survival rates (±95% CL) were indistinguishable between geese marked with color and white neckbands (0.54 ± 0.08 at MCR and 0.52 ± 0.08 at QMG), but lower than those marked with standard legbands only (0.72 ± 0.17 at MCR and 0.83 ± 0.23 at QMG). Geese marked with white neckbands were recovered at rates similar to those marked with color neckbands, suggesting that hunter selection of color neckbands did not contribute greatly to lower survival rates in neckbanded geese. Rather, results suggest that neckbanded geese, regardless of neckband visibility, are more vulnerable to hunters than are geese marked only with legbands. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis of End‐capped Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s via Direct Arylation
Authors: Wang Qifeng , Wakioka Masayuki , Ozawa Fumiyuki 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of regioregular head‐to‐tail poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s capped with aryl groups (Ar‐HT‐P3HTs) has been accomplished by palladium‐catalyzed polycondensation of 2‐bromo‐3‐hexylthiophene (1) via direct arylation. A variety of aryl groups are installed at the initiated end in 86%–98% selectivity using aryl bromides and iodides as capping agents. The polymerization proceeds via a two‐stage process. Before monomer 1 is consumed, the competitive formation of end‐capped and non‐capped HT‐P3HTs is operative, where the molecular weight increases linearly with monomer conversion. After 1 is consumed, the resulting polymers are coupled with each other to afford highly end‐capped HT‐P3HTs.
Hydro‐mechanical modeling of cohesive crack propagation in multiphase porous media using the extended finite element method
Authors: Mohammadnejad T. , Khoei A. R. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, a numerical model is developed for the fully coupled hydro‐mechanical analysis of deformable, progressively fracturing porous media interacting with the flow of two immiscible, compressible wetting and non‐wetting pore fluids, in which the coupling between various processes is taken into account. The governing equations involving the coupled solid skeleton deformation and two‐phase fluid flow in partially saturated porous media including cohesive cracks are derived within the framework of the generalized Biot theory. The fluid flow within the crack is simulated using the Darcy law in which the permeability variation with porosity because of the cracking of the solid skeleton is accounted. The cohesive crack model is integrated into the numerical modeling by means of which the nonlinear fracture processes occurring along the fracture process zone are simulated. The solid phase displacement, the wetting phase pressure and the capillary pressure are taken as the primary variables of the three‐phase formulation. The other variables are incorporated into the model via the experimentally determined functions, which specify the relationship between the hydraulic properties of the fracturing porous medium, that is saturation, permeability and capillary pressure. The spatial discretization is implemented by employing the extended finite element method, and the time domain discretization is performed using the generalized Newmark scheme to derive the final system of fully coupled nonlinear equations of the hydro‐mechanical problem. It is illustrated that by allowing for the interaction between various processes, that is the solid skeleton deformation, the wetting and the non‐wetting pore fluid flow and the cohesive crack propagation, the effect of the presence of the geomechanical discontinuity can be completely captured. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multilaminate constitutive model accounting for anisotropic small strain stiffness
Authors: Schädlich B. , Schweiger H. F. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper an extension of existing multilaminate soil models is presented, which can account for inherent and stress‐induced cross‐anisotropic elasticity in the small strain range and its dependency on the load history. In the multilaminate framework, material behaviour is formulated on a number of local planes in each stress point, and the macroscopic response of the material is obtained by integration of the local contributions. Strain‐induced anisotropy, which adds to the stiffness anisotropy inherently present in the material, is therefore intrinsically taken into account. Micro–macro relations between local parameters on plane level and global parameters on macroscopic level are obtained by the spectral decomposition of the global elastic compliance matrix. The model is implemented into a finite‐element code, and model predictions are compared with experimental data of triaxial tests on different soils involving small and large load cycles. The importance of cross‐anisotropic elasticity within the small strain range for predicting ground deformations in geotechnical boundary value problems is discussed at the example of an excavation problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis‐hydrophilic and functional triblock terpolymers based on polyethers: Synthesis and self‐assembly in solution
Authors: Barthel Markus J. , Babiuch Krzysztof , Rudolph Tobias , Vitz Jürgen , Hoeppener Stephanie , Gottschaldt Michael , Hager Martin D. , Schacher Felix H. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA well‐defined triblock terpolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(allyl glycidyl ether)‐block‐poly(tert‐butyl glycidyl ether) (PEG‐b‐PAGE‐b‐Pt‐BGE), with a narrow molar mass distribution has been synthesized by sequential living anionic ring‐opening polymerization. Afterward, the PAGE block was modified via thiol‐ene chemistry and different sugar moieties or cysteine as a model compound for peptides could be covalently attached to the polymer backbone. The solution self‐assembly of the obtained bis‐hydrophilic triblock terpolymers in aqueous media has been studied in detail by turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM and cryo‐TEM). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Surface promoted redox cationic polymerization of epoxy monomers catalyzed by silver salts
Authors: Farrell David J. , McArdle Ciaran , Doherty Michael , Kelly John M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe first example of a one‐component room temperature curing redox cationic polymerization for metal surfaces is described. A weak Lewis acid (Ag+) is used as a latent catalyst to likely generate a much stronger one (Fe2+/Fe3+ or Cu2+) at the bond line interface. Such a process has been demonstrated for 3,4‐epoxycyclohexylmethyl‐3,4‐epoxycyclohexane carboxylate using [Ag(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)2]SbF6 with the polymerization monitored most conveniently by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This system, however, demonstrates a relatively low adhesive strength even following curing for 24 h. Higher bond strengths were achieved using mixtures with other cationically polymerizable monomers (vinyl ethers, tetrahydrofuran (THF), oxetanes). Factors considered for optimization of the rates and extent of reaction were the concentrations of a vinyl ether comonomer and [AgLn]X, the nature of the counterion (X), and of the ligand (L). The performance of the Ag(I) system was compared to that of Cu(I) and various organic cations and the activity of the redox cationic polymerizations on a range of metallic (iron, copper, and aluminium) and nonmetallic (glass and various plastics) substrates was studied. A relatively high glass transition temperature was recorded for the optimized model system and the bonding strength at elevated temperature (150–200 °C) following a room temperature cure was found to be attractive compared to selected model anaerobic acrylate compositions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Main‐chain functionalization of poly(L‐lactide) with pendant unsaturations
Authors: Olsén Peter , Odelius Karin , Albertsson Ann‐Christine 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMain‐chain‐functionalized poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) with pendant unsaturations was synthesized through a one‐pot postpolymerization procedure with the PLLA homopolymer as the starting material. The material was functionalized through α‐hydrogen abstraction by a sterically hindered strong base, lithium diisopropylamide, followed by the addition of an acid chloride. Two different acid chlorides were examined, lauroyl chloride as a concept electrophile and oleoyl chloride to provide the pendant unsaturations. The semisolvated system, together with branching reactions from the alpha position of the acid chloride, yielded a high molar amount of the incorporated reactant in the material. The unsaturations were preserved under the chosen conditions and the material exhibited surfactant‐like properties in blends with oleic acid and PLLA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene)‐grafted‐poly(acrylonitrile) via single electron transfer–living radical polymerization process
Authors: Hu Xin , Li Junjie , Li Huayi , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPreparation of functional fluoromaterials through chemical modification of traditional fluoropolymers has been recognized as an economic and convenient strategy to expand the application areas of fluoropolymers. Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene)‐grafted‐polyacrylonitrile (P(VDF‐co‐CTFE)‐g‐PAN) has been successfully synthesized via single electron transfer–living radical polymerization (SET–LRP) process initiated with macroinitiator P(VDF‐co‐CTFE) in the presence of trace amount of Cu(0)/tris(2(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine (Me6‐TREN) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at ambient temperature. The typical side reactions happened on P(VDF‐co‐CTFE) induced by the nitrogen‐containing solvents and high reaction temperature in atom transfer radical polymerization process could be avoided in SET–LRP process by using the mild reaction conditions. Well‐controlled polymerization features were observed under varied reaction conditions including the different reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, as well as monomer amount in feed. An induction period of 0.5–1.0 h in the polymerization procedure was observed at low temperature, which may be attributed to the Cu2O from the surface of the Cu(0) powder. When Cu(0) catalyst is activated, the introduction period is eliminated. The polymerization rates were decelerated by adding excessive Me6‐TREN for the formation of more stable CuCl2/(Me6‐TREN)2. The structure of P(VDF‐co‐CTFE)‐g‐PAN was demonstrated by FTIR, NMR, DSC, and TGA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Protein dynamics viewed by hydrogen exchange
Authors: Skinner John J. , Lim Woon K. , Bédard Sabrina , Black Ben E. , Englander S. Walter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo examine the relationship between protein structural dynamics and measurable hydrogen exchange (HX) data, the detailed exchange behavior of most of the backbone amide hydrogens of Staphylococcal nuclease was compared with that of their neighbors, with their structural environment, and with other information. Results show that H‐bonded hydrogens are protected from exchange, with HX rate effectively zero, even when they are directly adjacent to solvent. The transition to exchange competence requires a dynamic structural excursion that removes H‐bond protection and allows exposure to solvent HX catalyst. The detailed data often make clear the nature of the dynamic excursion required. These range from whole molecule unfolding, through smaller cooperative unfolding reactions of secondary structural elements, and down to local fluctuations that involve as little as a single peptide group or side chain or water molecule. The particular motion that dominates the exchange of any hydrogen is the one that allows the fastest HX rate. The motion and the rate it produces are determined by surrounding structure and not by nearness to solvent or the strength of the protecting H‐bond itself or its acceptor type (main chain, side chain, structurally bound water). Many of these motions occur over time scales that are appropriate for biochemical function.
Structure‐based optimization of designed Armadillo‐repeat proteins
Authors: Madhurantakam Chaithanya , Varadamsetty Gautham , Grütter Markus G. , Plückthun Andreas , Mittl Peer R.E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe armadillo domain is a right‐handed super‐helix of repeating units composed of three α‐helices each. Armadillo repeat proteins (ArmRPs) are frequently involved in protein–protein interactions, and because of their modular recognition of extended peptide regions they can serve as templates for the design of artificial peptide binding scaffolds. On the basis of sequential and structural analyses, different consensus‐designed ArmRPs were synthesized and show high thermodynamic stabilities, compared to naturally occurring ArmRPs. We determined the crystal structures of four full‐consensus ArmRPs with three or four identical internal repeats and two different designs for the N‐ and C‐caps. The crystal structures were refined at resolutions ranging from 1.80 to 2.50 Å for the above mentioned designs. A redesign of our initial caps was required to obtain well diffracting crystals. However, the structures with the redesigned caps caused domain swapping events between the N‐caps. To prevent this domain swap, 9 and 6 point mutations were introduced in the N‐ and C‐caps, respectively. Structural and biophysical analysis showed that this subsequent redesign of the N‐cap prevented domain swapping and improved the thermodynamic stability of the proteins. We systematically investigated the best cap combinations. We conclude that designed ArmRPs with optimized caps are intrinsically stable and well‐expressed monomeric proteins and that the high‐resolution structures provide excellent structural templates for the continuation of the design of sequence‐specific modular peptide recognition units based on armadillo repeats.
The evaluation and implementation of direct analysis in real time quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry for characterization and quantification of geniposide in Re Du Ning Injections
Authors: Li Yan‐Jing , Wang Zhen‐Zhong , Bi Yu‐An , Ding Gang , Sheng Long‐Sheng , Qin Jian‐Ping , Xiao Wei , Li Jia‐Chun , Wang Yong‐Xiang , Wang Xue 
Published: April 2012

RATIONALEThe Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) ionization source coupled with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF MS/MS) system has the capability to desorb analytes directly from samples from complex Chinese herbal preparations without sample cleanup or chromatographic separation.METHODSIn this work, a method based on DART/Q‐TOF MS/MS has been developed for rapid determination of geniposide present in 'Re Du Ning Injections', a Chinese herbal preparation. The method has been evaluated for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of geniposide in Re Du Ning Injections.RESULTSVariables including polarity for ion detection, DART gas heater temperature, matrix effect and sample presentation speed were investigated. The quantitative method was validated with respect to linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, precision and accuracy by using both internal and external standards. A comparison of the results obtained using the DART‐based method was made with those obtained using a conventional High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode‐Array Detector (HPLC/DAD) by analyzing geniposide in four batches of Re Du Ning Injections.CONCLUSIONSThe DART/Q‐TOF MS/MS‐based method provides a rapid, efficient and powerful method to analyze compounds from complex Traditional Chinese Medicines with limited sample preparation thus reducing time and complexity of quality control for those materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static output feedback control for positive linear continuous‐time systems
Authors: Wang Cuihong , Huang Tianmin 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThis paper studies the problem of designing the static output feedback controller for the positive linear continuous‐time systems. On the basis of a system augmentation approach, a novel characterization on the stable condition of the closed‐loop system is firstly established. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition is given to ensure the existence of the desired static output feedback controller, and an iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm is presented to compute the feedback gain matrix. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graph classes with given 3‐connected components: Asymptotic enumeration and random graphs
Authors: Giménez Omer , Noy Marc , Rué Juanjo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractConsider a family
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of 3‐connected graphs of moderate growth, and let
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be the class of graphs whose 3‐connected components are graphs in
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\mathcal{T}\end{align*}\end{document}. We present a general framework for analyzing such graphs classes based on singularity analysis of generating functions, which generalizes previously studied cases such as planar graphs and series‐parallel graphs. We provide a general result for the asymptotic number of graphs in
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\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\mathcal{T}\end{align*}\end{document}. We derive limit laws, which are either normal or Poisson, for several basic parameters, including the number of edges, number of blocks and number of components. For the size of the largest block we find a fundamental dichotomy: classes similar to planar graphs have almost surely a unique block of linear size, while classes similar to series‐parallel graphs have only sublinear blocks. This dichotomy was already observed by Panagiotou and Steger [25], and we provide a finer description. For some classes under study both regimes occur, because of a critical phenomenon as the edge density in the class varies. Finally, we analyze the size of the largest 3‐connected component in random planar graphs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 42, 438–479, 2013