bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dehydrogenative Aromatization of Saturated Aromatic Compounds by Graphite Oxide and Molecular Sieves
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Xu Liang , Wang Xitao , Ma Ning , Sun Feifei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGraphite oxide (GO) has attracted much attention of material and catalysis chemists recently. Here we describe a combination of GO and molecular sieves for the dehydrogenative aromatization. GO prepared through improved Hummers method showed high oxidative activity in this reaction. Partially or fully saturated aromatic compounds were converted to their corresponding dehydrogenated aromatic products with fair to excellent conversions and selectivities. As both GO and molecular sieves are easily available, cheap, lowly toxic and have good tolerance to various functional groups, this reaction provides a facile approach toward aromatic compounds from their saturated precursors.
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of High Impact Polystyrene/Organo Fe‐montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Hong , Kong Qinghong , Cheng Yuhe , Cao Gongyuan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this article, high impact polystyrene/organo Fe‐montmorillonite (HIPS/Fe‐OMT) nanocomposites were prepared by melting intercalation. The thermal stability of HIPS/Fe‐OMT nanocomposites increased significantly compared to that of HIPS examined in thermal degradation conditions. Kinetic evaluations were performed by Kissinger, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa, Friedman methods and multivariate nonlinear regression. Apparent kinetic parameters for the overall degradation were determined. The results showed that the activation energy of HIPS/Fe‐OMT nanocomposites was higher than that of HIPS. A very good agreement between experimental and simulated curves was observed in dynamic conditions. Their decomposition reaction model was a single‐step process of an nth‐order reaction.
Axially Chiral C2‐Symmetric N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Palladium Complex‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Fluorination and Amination of Oxindoles
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang De , Xu Qin , Jiang Jiajun , Shi Min 
Published: June 2012

AbstractChiral C2‐symmetric N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium diaquo complex 5b prepared from (S)‐BINAM was found to be a fairly effective catalyst for the enantioselective asymmetric fluorination of oxindoles to give the corresponding products in moderate enantioselectivities along with good to excellent yields.
Universal robustness of scale‐free networks against cascading edge failures
Authors: Wang Jian‐Wei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractConsidering the effect of the local topology structure of an edge on cascading failures, we investigate the cascading reaction behaviors on scale‐free networks with respect to small edge‐based initial attacks. Adopt the initial load of an edge ij in a network to be Lij = (kikj)α[(∑ka)(∑kb)]β with ki and kj being the degrees of the nodes connected by the edge ij, where α and β are tunable parameters, governing the strength of the edge initial load, and Γi and Γj are the sets of neighboring nodes of i and j, respectively. Our aim is to explore the relationship between some parameters and universal robustness characteristics against cascading failures on scale‐free networks. We find by the theoretical analysis that the Baraba'si‐Albert (BA) scale‐free networks can reach the strongest robustness level against cascading failures when α + β = 1, where the robustness is quantified by a transition from normal state to collapse. And the network robustness has a positive correlation with the average degree. We furthermore confirm by the numerical simulations these results.
Strengths‐Based Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy: A Four‐Step Model to Build Resilience
Authors: Padesky Christine A. , Mooney Kathleen A. 
Published: June 2012

Padesky and Mooney's four‐step Strengths‐Based cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) model is designed to help clients build positive qualities. This article shows how it can be used to build and strengthen personal resilience. A structured search for client strengths is central to the approach, and methods designed to bring hidden strengths into client awareness are demonstrated through therapist–client dialogues. Development of positive qualities requires a shift in therapy perspective and different therapy methods from those employed when therapy is designed to ameliorate distress. Required adjustments to classic CBT are highlighted with specific recommendations for clinical modifications designed to support client development of resilience such as a focus on current strengths, the constructive use of imagery and client‐generated metaphors. Although the focus of this article is on resilience, this Strengths‐Based CBT model offers a template that also can be used to develop other positive human qualities. Copyright © 2012 Christine A. PadeskyKey Practitioner Message

A four‐step strengths‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy approach is presented.
Therapists help clients identify existing strengths that are used to construct a personal model of resilience.
Client‐generated imagery and metaphors are particularly potent to help the client remember and creatively employ new positive qualities.
Behavioral experiments are designed in which the goal is to stay resilient rather than to achieve problem resolution.
Therapists are encouraged to use constructive therapy methods and interview practices including increased use of smiling and silence.
Effects of different types of contingent tactile stimulation on crying, smiling, and sleep in newborns: An observational study
Authors: Cecchini Marco , Baroni Eleonora , Di Vito Cinzia , Piccolo Federica , Aceto Paola , Lai Carlo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSleep, the brain and the ability to interact with the environment change a great deal over the first year of life; however, there are no studies on the possible influence of different environmental stimulations on the organization of subsequent sleep–wake cycles in infants. The hypothesis of this study was that greater continuity of contingent tactile stimulation decreases crying behavior, subsequent active sleep (AS) and its fragmentation, and increases smiling behavior and subsequent quiet sleep in newborns. Forty out of the 82 newborns (15‐ to 30‐hr old) of the initial sample satisfied the inclusion criteria and completed the first cycle of sleep during the period between two feedings. The 40 newborns were randomly assigned to four groups after 2′ of baseline observation: continuous stimulation (CS, n = 10); discontinuous nonperiodic stimulation (DnPS, n = 10); discontinuous periodic stimulation (DPS, n = 10); absent stimulation (AbS, n = 10). During baseline measurements, there were no significant differences in crying and smiling behaviors between the four groups, while during the subsequent stimulated wake, the CS group compared to the DnPS group showed more smiling (p < .05) and less crying (p < .05), longer poststimulation wake before sleep (p < .01) as well as AS with a lower percentage of grouped‐rapid eye movements [grouped REM (GREM); p < .001]. The number of GREM during AS was negatively correlated to the number of smiles (p < .05) and positively to the number of cries (p < .05) of the previous stimulated wake. These findings suggest that, after birth, different continuity levels of contingent tactile stimulations may affect crying and smiling behaviors and the organization of behavioral states. AS could have an important role in processing affective states. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 508–517, 2013
Complex genetic patterns in closely related colonizing invasive species
Authors: Zhan Aibin , Darling John A. , Bock Dan G. , Lacoursière‐Roussel Anaïs , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Cristescu Melania E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAnthropogenic activities frequently result in both rapidly changing environments and translocation of species from their native ranges (i.e., biological invasions). Empirical studies suggest that many factors associated with these changes can lead to complex genetic patterns, particularly among invasive populations. However, genetic complexities and factors responsible for them remain uncharacterized in many cases. Here, we explore these issues in the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis (Ascidiacea: Enterogona: Cionidae), a model species complex, of which spA and spB are rapidly spreading worldwide. We intensively sampled 26 sites (N= 873) from both coasts of North America, and performed phylogenetic and population genetics analyses based on one mitochondrial fragment (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3–NADH dehydrogenase subunit I, COX3‐ND1) and eight nuclear microsatellites. Our analyses revealed extremely complex genetic patterns in both species on both coasts. We detected a contrasting pattern based on the mitochondrial marker: two major genetic groups in C. intestinalis spA on the west coast versus no significant geographic structure in C. intestinalis spB on the east coast. For both species, geo‐graphically distant populations often showed high microsatellite‐based genetic affinities whereas neighboring ones often did not. In addition, mitochondrial and nuclear markers provided largely inconsistent genetic patterns. Multiple factors, including random genetic drift associated with demographic changes, rapid selection due to strong local adaptation, and varying propensity for human‐mediated propagule dispersal could be responsible for the observed genetic complexities.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Thiophene‐Functionalised Lanthanoid Diketonate Clusters with Solvent‐Modulated Europium Luminescence
Authors: Andrews Philip C. , Deacon Glen B. , Gee William J. , Junk Peter C. , Urbatsch Aron 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reaction of a thiophene‐containing ligand, (Z)‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐phenyl‐1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (Hhtp), with hydrated lanthanoid chloride salts has resulted in the isolation of two tetranuclear clusters, [Ln4(μ3‐OH)2{(μ‐O)‐κ2‐htp}2{(μ‐O)2‐κ2‐htp}2(κ2‐htp)6] [Ln = Nd (1), Eu (2)] and an erbium pentanuclear cluster, [Er5(μ3‐OH)4(μ4‐OH){(μ‐O)‐κ2‐htp}4(κ2‐htp)6] (3). The clusters have been characterised by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray single‐crystal structural determination. The luminescent properties of cluster 2 have been assessed, and, at 25 °C, quenching of luminescent emission was found to predominantly occur. However, incremental addition of selected coordinating solvents was found to promote luminescence at 25 °C, showing a linear relationship at low analyte concentrations.
Mesoporous Al2O3 by Nanocasting: Relationship between Crystallinity and Mesoscopic Order
Authors: Haffer Stefanie , Weinberger Christian , Tiemann Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCrystalline, mesoporous alumina (Al2O3) materials with specific surface areas up to 400 m2 g–1 have been synthesized by means of structure replication (nanocasting) using CMK‐8 carbon as a structure matrix. A crucial step during this synthesis procedure is the conversion of aluminum nitrate into aluminum hydroxide by treatment with ammonia vapor. The impact of this step was investigated in some detail. Prolonged vapor treatment has a positive impact on the crystallinity of the final Al2O3 products but at the same time leads to loss of mesoscopic structural order and porosity.
Bridging Pseudohalides in Palladacycles as a Source of Different Assemblies
Authors: Arroyo Marta , Gómez‐Iglesias Patricia , Santos Melero José , Schildbach Daniel , Unkelbach Christian , Strohmann Carsten , Villafañe Fernando 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reaction of [Pd{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}(μ‐Cl)]2 (CH2NC5H10 = piperidinomethyl) with KSCN led to the centrosymmetric dimer [Pd{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}(μ‐SCN‐κ1S,κ1N)]2, which features side‐on bridging thiocyanate ligands. However, the analogous reaction of the chlorido‐bridged starting material with NaN3 yielded the dimer [Pd{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}(μ‐N3‐κ1κ1N)]2, in which the azido ligands exhibit end‐on coordination. This complex persists as a mixture of cis and trans isomers in solution. Lastly, the square tetrametallic complex [Pd{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}(μ‐CN‐κ1C,κ1N)]4 was obtained from the reaction between the parent chlorido‐bridged complex and AgCN. In solution, this compound forms an equilibrium between the tetra‐ and trimetallic species. Thermodynamic data (equilibrium constants and free energies in CDCl3 and C6D6, and enthalpy and entropy in CDCl3) were determined and show that the formation of the trimetallic isomer is thermodynamically disfavored [Keq = (1.93 ± 0.07) × 10–4 mol L–1 and ΔGeq = 20.83 ± 0.11 kJ mol–1 in CDCl3, Keq = (4.5 ± 0.2) × 10–5 mol L–1 and ΔGeq = 24.40 ± 0.14 kJ mol–1 in C6D6] and that the variation in the enthalpy and entropy are positive (ΔH = 75 ± 5 kJ mol–1 and ΔS = 186 ± 15 J mol–1 K–1 in CDCl3).
Preparation of MgO Nanosheets with Polar (111) Surfaces by Ligand Exchange and Esterification – Synthesis, Structure, and Application as Catalyst Support (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 17/2012)
Authors: Zhu Kake , Hua Weiming , Deng Wei , Richards Ryan M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe cover picture shows a simple route to generate MgO nanosheets from low‐cost magnesium acetate. Magnesium acetate is esterified into methyl acetate and Mg(OH)(OCH3) under mild solvothermal treatment in methanol. The Mg(OH)(OCH3) exhibits a sheet‐like morphology and can be topotactically transformed into MgO nanosheets upon thermal decomposition. The MgO nanosheets are enclosed by Tasker III type (111) surfaces and are more reactive when employed as vanadium catalyst supports, in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene by CO2. Details are discussed in the article by K. Zhu, W. Hua et al. on p. 2869 ff. magnified image
Water temperature dynamics in High Arctic river basins
Authors: Blaen Phillip J. , Hannah David M. , Brown Lee E. , Milner Alexander M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDespite the high sensitivity of polar regions to climate change and the strong influence of temperature upon ecosystem processes, contemporary understanding of water temperature dynamics in Arctic river systems is limited. This research gap was addressed by exploring high‐resolution water column thermal regimes for glacier‐fed and non‐glacial rivers at eight sites across Svalbard during the 2010 melt season. Mean water column temperatures in glacier‐fed rivers (0.3–3.2 °C) were lowest and least variable near the glacier terminus but increased downstream (0.7–2.3 °C km–1). Non‐glacial rivers, where discharge was sourced primarily from snowmelt runoff, were warmer (mean: 2.9–5.7 °C) and more variable, indicating increased water residence times in shallow alluvial zones and increased potential for atmospheric influence. Mean summer water temperature and the magnitude of daily thermal variation were similar to those of some Alaskan Arctic rivers but low at all sites when compared with alpine glacierized environments at lower latitudes. Thermal regimes were correlated strongly (p < 0.01) with incoming short‐wave radiation, air temperature, and river discharge. Principal drivers of thermal variability were inferred to be (i) water source (i.e. glacier melt, snowmelt, groundwater); (ii) exposure time to the atmosphere; (iii) prevailing meteorological conditions; (iv) river discharge; (v) runoff interaction with permafrost and buried ice; and (vi) basin‐specific geomorphological features (e.g. channel morphology). These results provide insight into the potential changes in high‐latitude river systems in the context of projected warming in polar regions. We hypothesize that warmer and more variable temperature regimes may prevail in the future as the proportion of bulk discharge sourced from glacial meltwater declines and rivers undergo a progressive shift towards snow water and groundwater sources. Importantly, such changes could have implications for aquatic species diversity and abundance and influence rates of ecosystem functioning in high‐latitude river systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of winter leaf area index and sky view fraction for snow modelling in boreal coniferous forests: consequences on snow mass and energy balance
Authors: Rasmus Sirpa , Gustafsson David , Koivusalo Harri , Laurén Ari , Grelle Achim , Kauppinen Olli‐Kalle , Lagnvall Ola , Lindroth Anders , Rasmus Kai , Svensson Magnus , Weslien Per 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLeaf area index (LAI) and canopy coverage are important parameters when modelling snow process in coniferous forests, controlling interception and transmitting radiation. Estimates of LAI and sky view factor show large variability depending on the estimation method used, and it is not clear how this is reflected in the calculated snow processes beneath the canopy. In this study, the winter LAI and sky view fraction were estimated using different optical and biomass‐based approximations in several boreal coniferous forest stands in Fennoscandia with different stand density, age and site latitude. The biomass‐based estimate of LAI derived from forest inventory data was close to the values derived from the optical measurements at most sites, suggesting that forest inventory data can be used as input to snow hydrological modelling. Heterogeneity of tree species and site fertility, as well as edge effects between different forest compartments, caused differences in the LAI estimates at some sites. A snow energy and mass balance model (SNOWPACK) was applied to detect how the differences in the estimated values of the winter LAI and sky view fraction were reflected in simulated snow processes. In the simulations, an increase in LAI and a decrease in sky view fraction changed the snow surface energy balance by decreasing shortwave radiation input and increasing longwave radiation input. Changes in LAI and sky view fraction affected directly snow accumulation through altered throughfall fraction and indirectly snowmelt through the changed surface energy balance. Changes in LAI and sky view fraction had a greater impact on mean incoming radiation beneath the canopy than on other energy fluxes. Snowmelt was affected more than snow accumulation. The effect of canopy parameters on evaporation loss from intercepted snow was comparable with the effect of variation in governing meteorological variables such as precipitation intensity and air temperature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finiteness Results in Triangle‐Free Quasi‐Symmetric Designs
Authors: Pawale Rajendra M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTriangle‐free quasi‐symmetric 2‐ designs with intersection numbers ; and are investigated. Possibility of triangle‐free quasi‐symmetric designs with or is ruled out. It is also shown that, for a fixed x and a fixed ratio , there are only finitely many triangle‐free quasi‐symmetric designs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 00: 1‐6, 2012
Erythropoietin‐activated ERK/MAP kinase enhances GATA‐4 acetylation via phosphorylation of serine 261 of GATA‐4
Authors: Jun Ji Hae , Shim Jae‐Kwang , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo , Kwak Young‐Lan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGATA‐4, a zinc finger transcription factor, plays a critical role in heart development. Previous studies have shown that p300‐targeted GATA‐4 acetylation increases GATA‐4 stability and transcriptional activity, which then stimulates hypertrophy of cardiomyocyte. Erythropoietin (EPO), an essential hypoxia‐induced hormone for normal erythropoiesis, is known to exert cardioprotective effects against heart disease of either ischemic or non‐ischemic origins. Although, various action mechanisms of EPO have been proposed in the diseased heart, its action mechanism in normal condition has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of EPO‐induced ERK signaling on the regulation of GATA‐4 protein action. EPO treatment increased the protein level of endogenous GATA‐4 via ERK signaling pathway. Inhibition of ERK activity by U0126, suppressed EPO‐induced expression of GATA‐4 protein in rat cardiac myocytes. In addition, ERK activation by over‐expression of constitutively active MEK1 strongly increased GATA‐4 phosphorylation and subsequently enhanced its acetylation in P19 cells. EPO‐induced ERK activation further increased the association of GATA‐4 with p300. On the other hand, knock‐down of p300 using siRNA diminished ERK‐induced GATA‐4 acetylation. As EPO‐induced GATA‐4 phosphorylation via ERK signaling pathway directly correlated with GATA‐4 acetylation, we investigated to identify the ERK‐dependent phosphorylation sites in GATA‐4. Site‐directed mutagenesis implicated that Ser‐261 in GATA‐4 played an important role for ERK‐mediated GATA‐4 acetylation. Taken together, these results indicated that EPO‐induced ERK signaling activation increased GATA‐4 phosphorylation and acetylation, partly via increase in the association between GATA‐4 and p300, and these processes required the phosphorylation of GATA‐4 at Ser‐261 residue. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 190–197, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative secretome analysis of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenesis
Authors: Kim Jung‐Min , Kim Jaeyoon , Kim Yun‐Hee , Kim Kyong‐Tai , Ryu Sung Ho , Lee Taehoon G. , Suh Pann‐Ghill 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOsteogenesis is a tightly regulated process that involves coordinated extracellular signals from autocrine and paracrine loops. Secretory proteins during osteogenesis can inhibit cell proliferation and activate cell differentiation toward mature osteoblasts, which are characterized by mineralization. In this study, we attempted to identify these secretory proteins during osteogenesis using LC–MS/MS analysis. We compared the secretome between undifferentiated human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and differentiated osteoblasts. Among 315 proteins that were identified, 177 proteins were present at increased levels in osteoblasts, whereas 88 proteins were present at decreased levels. Among the identified proteins, several were validated by quantitative RT‐PCR and immunoblot analysis. Of particular interest, calcium homeostasis‐related proteins were upregulated, whereas stem cell proliferation‐related proteins and other lineage‐related proteins were downregulated during osteogenesis. These findings provide information about the dynamic changes in the expression and secretion of proteins during osteogenesis and suggest the putative role of secretory proteins in osteogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 216–224, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.