bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matched‐pair analysis comparing the outcomes of primary breast and nodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in patients treated with rituximab plus chemotherapy
Authors: Yhim Ho‐Young , Kim Jin Seok , Kang Hye Jin , Kim Seok Jin , Kim Won Seog , Choi Chul Won , Eom Hyeon Seok , Kim Jeong‐A. , Lee Jae Hoon , Won Jong Ho , Shim Hyeok , Huh Jooryung , Lee Dae‐Ho , Suh Cheolwon , Kwak Jae‐Yong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPrimary breast diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an extremely rare presentation of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma that has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes compared with nodal DLBCL in the pre‐rituximab era. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of rituximab on clinical outcomes in patients with primary breast DLBCL. Data from 25 female patients with primary breast DLBCL receiving rituximab plus chemotherapy were matched to 75 female patients (1:3) with nodal DLBCL by following five established prognostic factors (age, Ann Arbor stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, serum lactate dehydrogenase level and B symptoms). Overall survival (OS) was similar between primary breast and nodal DLBCL groups (3‐year OS rate, 82.2% vs. 90.7%, respectively; p = 0.345). In the analysis of immunohistochemically defined prognostic subgroups, 19 of 20 available cases in the primary breast DLBCL group displayed a non‐germinal center (GC) phenotype. Compared with patterns of recurrence, extranodal progression in the breast or central nervous system (CNS) was significantly higher in the primary breast DLBCL group than in the nodal DLBCL group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the stage‐modified International Prognostic Index was the only independent prognostic factor for OS in this population. This suggests that clinical outcomes of primary breast DLBCL might no longer be inferior to those of nodal DLBCL in the rituximab era, which might be associated with the intrinsic biologic characteristics of the non‐GC phenotype. However, despite including rituximab, extranodal progression in the breast or CNS was problematic. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as no. NCT01266668.
Differential glycosylation of MUC1 and CEACAM5 between normal mucosa and tumour tissue of colon cancer patients
Authors: Saeland Eirikur , Belo Ana I. , Mongera Sandra , van Die Irma , Meijer Gerrit A. , van Kooyk Yvette 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAltered glycosylation in epithelial cancers may play an important role in tumour progression, as it may affect tumour cell migration and antigen presentation by antigen presenting cells. We specifically characterise the glycosylation patterns of two tumour antigens that are highly expressed in cancer tissue and often detected in their secreted form in serum: the epithelial mucin MUC1 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, also called CEACAM5). We analysed 48 colorectal cancer patients, comparing normal colon and tumour epithelium within each patient. Lectin binding was studied by a standardised CEA/MUC1 capture ELISA, using several plant lectins, and the human C‐type lectins MGL and DC‐SIGN, and Galectin‐3. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) bound to MUC1 from tumour tissue in particular, suggests increased expression of the Thomsen‐Friedenreich antigen (TF‐antigen) (Core 1, Galβ1‐3GalNAc‐Ser/Thr). Only small amounts of Tn‐antigen (GalNAcα‐Ser/Thr) expression was observed, but the human C‐type lectin MGL showed increased binding to tumour‐associated MUC1. Furthermore, sialylation was greatly enhanced. In sharp contrast, tumour‐associated CEA (CEACAM5) contained high levels of the blood‐group related carbohydrates, Lewis X and Lewis Y. This correlated strongly with the interaction of the human C‐type lectin DC‐SIGN to tumour‐associated CEA, suggesting that CEA can be recognized and taken up by antigen presenting cells. In addition, increased mannose expression was observed and branched N‐glycans were prominent, and this correlated well with human Galectin‐3 binding. These data demonstrate that individual tumour antigens contain distinct glycan structures associated with cancer and, since glycans affect cellular interactions with its microenvironment, this may have consequences for progression of the disease.
Tumor‐dependent down‐regulation of the ζ‐chain in T‐cells is detectable in early breast cancer and correlates with immune cell function
Authors: Boniface J. De , Poschke I. , Mao Y. , Kiessling R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSuppressive factors produced by tumors or tumor‐associated cells represent a major obstacle to immune‐mediated tumor eradication and immunotherapy. We studied tumor‐dependent changes in expression of the ζ‐chain, a key molecule for the transduction of stimulatory signals through the T‐cell receptor and activating receptors on natural killer (NK) cells, in patients with early (stages 1 and 2) breast cancer. Ex‐vivo levels of ζ‐chain expression, proliferation and cytokine expression in lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in breast tumors, their draining lymph nodes and in pre‐ and postoperative blood samples of cancer patients and healthy controls by multi‐parametric flow cytometry. We found that T‐cell ζ‐chain expression in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients (n = 29) was down‐regulated compared with healthy controls (n = 10) (p ≤ 0.033), which was most pronounced in stage 2 (n = 15, p ≤ 0.004). T‐ and NK‐cell ζ‐chain loss was most distinct in the tumor and decreased with increasing distance (p ≤ 0.015). After surgical tumor resection, peripheral blood ζ‐chain levels normalized to those observed in healthy controls. ζ‐chain expression in peripheral blood T‐cells correlated with lymphocytic proliferative activity (p ≤ 0.035), and with the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in CD8+ T‐cells (p ≤ 0.035). Breast cancer patients had lower numbers of circulating early memory CD8+ T‐cells than healthy donors (p ≤ 0.000), correlating with lower T‐cell ζ‐chain levels (p ≤ 0.011). Our findings suggest that phenotypic and functional alterations in lymphocytes can be detected even in early stage breast cancer patients. The observed immunosuppression appears to be systemic and tumor dependent, as it is strongest in the tumor, correlates with tumor stage and normalizes after surgery.
A review of the logistic role of l‐carnitine in the management of radiation toxicity and radiotherapy side effects
Authors: Khan Haseeb Ahmad , Alhomida Abdullah Saleh 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTRadiation therapy is a key modality in the treatment of different cancer types. Fatigue is the most common side effect of radiotherapy, while others include nausea, hair loss, skin irritation, anemia, infertility, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment and even the development of second cancers. Studies in experimental animals have shown protective effects of carnitine against exposure of various organs to ionizing radiation, whereas carnitine deficiency is known to enhance radiation‐induced toxicity. This report summarizes the recent literature on the adverse effects of radiotherapy and the impact of radiation on carnitine homeostasis. Although some studies have demonstrated the prophylactic benefits of carnitine against the toxic effects of chemotherapy, the role of carnitine in the prognosis and management of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy is not clear and needs to be explored. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatoprotective activity of quercetin against acrylonitrile‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Abo‐Salem Osama M. , Abd‐Ellah Mohamed F. , Ghonaim Mabrouk M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAcrylonitrile is a potent hepatotoxic, mutagen, and carcinogen. A role for free radical‐mediated lipid peroxidation in the toxicity of acrylonitrile has been suggested. The present study was designed to assess the hepatoprotective effect of quercetin against acrylonitrile‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Liver damage was induced by oral administration of acrylonitrile (50 mg/kg/day/5 weeks). Acrylonitrile produced a significant elevation of malondialdehyde (138.9%) with a marked decrease in reduced glutathione (72.4%), and enzymatic antioxidants; superoxide dismutase (81%), and glutathione peroxidase (53.2%) in the liver. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferases, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin showed a significant increase in acrylonitrile alone treated rats (115.5%, 110.8%, 1006.8%, and 1000.8%, respectively). Pretreatment with quercetin (70 mg/kg/day/6 weeks) and its coadministration with acrylonitrile prevented acrylonitrile‐induced alterations in hepatic lipid peroxides and enzymatic antioxidants as well as serum aminotransferases and bilirubin. Histopathological findings supported the biochemical results. We suggest that querectin possess hepatoprotective effect against acrylonitrile‐induced hepatotoxicity through its antioxidant activity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:386–392 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20406
Phenol degradation by isolated bacterial strains: kinetics study and application in coking wastewater treatment
Authors: Zhu Xiaobiao , Tian Jinping , Chen Lujun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: In biological treatment of coking wastewater, phenol may decrease the treatment efficiency because of its high concentration and toxicity to microorganisms. Bioaugmentation has been regarded as a good improvement of the traditional biological treatment using isolated degrading strains. In this study, two phenol degrading strains, Pseudomonas sp. PCT01 and PTS02, were isolated and investigated for degradation ability and application to real coking wastewater treatment.RESULTS: Complete phenol degradation was achieved after 18 h inoculation in medium containing 229‐461 mg L−1 of phenol for both strains. The presence of phenol, pyridine and other compounds in mixed substrate or in coking wastewater prolonged the degradation to 20‐32 h with an initial phenol concentration of 160‐280 mg L−1. The study of degradation kinetics yielded a two‐stage model to describe the effect of the initial phenol concentration and inhibitory compounds on phenol degradation. The highest degradation rate constant of the second stage, 1.25 h−1 for PCT01 and 0.75 h−1 for PTS02, was obtained at low phenol concentration in a single substrate.CONCLUSION: It was found that both strains could degrade phenol effectively and maintain their phenol degradation ability in coking wastewater, and therefore could be used for bioaugmentation treatment of coking wastewater. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐3‐thienyl‐methylmethacrylate) based working electrodes for hydrogen peroxide biosensing
Authors: Ozoner Seyda Korkut 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hydrogen peroxide biosensors based on Poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐3‐thienylmethylmethacrylate)/ Polypyrrole [Poly(GMA‐co‐MTM)/PPy] composite film were reported. Poly(GMA‐co‐MTM) including various amounts of GMA and MTM monomers was synthesized via the radical polymerization. Enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was trapped in Poly(GMA‐co‐MTM)/PPy composites during the electropolymerization reaction between pyrrole and thiophene groups of MTM monomer, and chemically bonded via the epoxy groups of GMA. Analytical parameters of the fabricated electrodes were calculated and are discussed in terms of film electroactivity and mass transfer conditions of the composite films.RESULTS: The amount of electroactive HRP was found to be 1.25, 0.34 and 0.213 µg for the working electrodes of Poly(GMA30%‐ co‐MTM70%)/PPy/HRP, Poly(GMA85%‐co‐MTM15%)/PPy/HRP and Poly(GMA90%‐co‐MTM10%)/PPy/HRP, respectively. Optimal response of the fabricated electrodes was obtained at pH 7 and an operational potential of − 0.35 V. It was observed that effective enzyme immobilization and electroactivity of the composite films could be changed by changing the ratios of GMA and MTM fractions of Poly(GMA‐co‐MTM) based working electrodes.CONCLUSION: The amount of electroactive enzyme increases with increasing MTM content of the final copolymer. High operational stabilities of the biosensors can be attributed to the strong covalent enzyme linkage via the epoxy groups of GMA due to preventing enzyme deterioration and loss. A more convenient microenvironment for mass transfer was provided for the electrodes by higher GMA ratios. It is observed that mass transfer is dominated by the mechanism of electron transfer to obtain effective sensitivity values. This work contributes to discussions clarifying the problems regarding the design parameters of biosensors. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Methane production from citrus wastes: process development and cost estimation
Authors: Forgács Gergely , Pourbafrani Mohammad , Niklasson Claes , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. , Hováth Ilona Sárvári 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Because of its extreme toxicity for microorganisms, the limonene content of citrus wastes (CWs) has been a major obstacle to the conversion of CWs to biofuels. The main objective of this study was to develop a new process for the utilization of CWs that can be economically feasible when the supply of CW is low.RESULTS: Steam explosion pre‐treatment was applied to improve the anaerobic digestibility of CWs, resulting in a decrease of initial limonene concentration by 94.3%. A methane potential of 0.537 ± 0.001 m3 kg−1 VS (volatile solids) was obtained during the following batch digestion of treated CWs, corresponding to an increase of 426% compared with that of the untreated samples. Long‐term effects of the treatment were further investigated by a semi‐continuous co‐digestion process. A methane production of 0.555 ± 0.0159 m3 CH4 kg−1 VS day−1 was achieved when treated CWs (corresponding to 30% of the VS load) were co‐digested with municipal solid waste.CONCLUSION: The process developed can easily be applied to an existing biogas plant. The equipment cost for this process is estimated to be one million USD when utilizing 10 000 tons CWs year−1. 8.4 L limonene and 107.4 m3 methane can be produced per ton of fresh citrus wastes in this manner. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Rab7 and actin cytoskeleton participate during mobilization of β1EHFNR in fibronectin‐stimulated Entamoeba histolyticatrophozoites
Authors: Javier‐Reyna R. , Hernández‐Ramírez V.I. , González‐Robles A. , Galván‐Mendoza I. , Osorio‐Trujillo C. , Talamás‐Rohana P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn vitro interaction of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites with fibronectin (FN) induces redistribution of the amoebic fibronectin receptor (β1EhFNR). Trafficking of beta1 integrins is important for cell adhesion and migration in higher eukaryotes and requires the participation of Rab proteins. In E. histolytica, the machinery involved in integrin trafficking is not completely known. EhRab7 is a 24.5‐kDa protein whose alignment with other Rab7 proteins demonstrated that it shared significant homology with Rab7 proteins from other organisms, including humans. Using different types of microscopy (fluorescence and confocal microscopy), it was established that Rab7 and the actin cytoskeleton participated in the mobilization of β1EhFNR in FN‐stimulated trophozoites. β1EhFNR and Rab7 co‐localized only in vesicular structures at 5 min, and at longer time (1 h), both co‐localized in both plasma membrane and in vesicular structures; at the same time, Rab7 co‐localized with specific actin structures (phagocytic vacuoles). At 5 h the β1EhFNR, Rab7, and actin co‐localized at the plasma membrane, and only β1EhFNR and Rab7 decorated vesicles of different sizes. Actin and Rab7 co‐localized in a cap‐like structure at one end of the cell. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and electron microscopy confirmed the close interaction between β1EhFNR and Rab7. Moreover, the use of a lysosome‐specific marker (LysoTracker) and a Golgi‐specific marker (NBD C6‐ceramide) allowed us to establish that, at some point within the endocytic route, β1EhFNR and Rab7 co‐localized within a lysosome‐type organelle, but not a Golgi‐like organelle, which indicated that this integrin‐like molecule was returned to the plasma membrane via exocytic or secretory vesicles.Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of different morphological techniques to analyze the cellular composition of the adult zebrafish optic tectum
Authors: Corbo Christopher P. , Othman Nidaa A. , Gutkin Michael C. , Alonso Alejandra Del C. , Fulop Zoltan L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCellular composition of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) optic tectal cortex was examined in this study. Morphological techniques such as 1μm thick serial plastic sections stained with osmium tetroxide and toluidine blue, modified rapid Golgi silver impregnation, GFAP immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used. Neuronal and glial components are described and the layers of the cortex are revisited. Specific neuronal arrangements as well as unique glial/ependymal cells are described. A three dimensional rendering of the astrocytic fiber arrangement in the marginal zone is presented and a composite drawing summarizes the cellular composition of the optic tectum. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bismuth triflate–L(−)‐proline catalyzed synthesis of chiral 2,5‐diaryl‐2,3‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐b]quinolin‐4‐ones
Authors: Mahajan Nitu , Koul Surrinder , Razdan Tej K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of chiral (2R) 2,5‐diaryl‐2,3‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐b]quinolin‐4‐ones, was achieved, at ambient temperature, by the reaction of 3‐acetyl‐4‐aryl‐carbostyril and an aldehyde, in the presence of bismuth triflate–L(−)‐proline complex, formed in situ. The products were obtained in 62–78% yield with high enantioselectivity (72–96% ee). J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidino[4,3‐a]isoquinolines via regiospecific N‐alkylation‐annulation of 4‐aryldihydropyrimidinones
Authors: Singh Jagjeet , Mahajan Nitu , Sharma Rattan L. , Razdan Tej K. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract4‐Aryldihydropyrimidinones were obtained in excellent yields via solid‐phase Biginelli reaction of arylaldehydes, β‐ketoester and urea, using bismuth nitrate, immobilized on Al2O3 as catalyst. Subsequently, the products were converted into corresponding tetrahydropyrimidino[4,3‐a]isoquinolines (69–73% yield) by one‐pot regiospecific N‐alkylation‐annulation reaction using sodium hydride and dimethylaminopyridine. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis and transformations of hydrazine substituted 6‐fluoro derivatives of 1,3,4‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine
Authors: Kukaniev Muhamadsho A. , Párkányi Cyril 
Published: August 2011

Abstract2‐Alkyl and 2‐arylhydrazine derivatives of 5H‐2‐R‐6‐fluoro‐7‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐one were prepared by reaction of 5H‐2‐bromo‐6‐fluoro‐7‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐one with hydrazine derivatives. A convenient procedure was developed for the preparation of new hydrazine derivatives of 5H‐2‐R‐6‐fluoro‐7‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐one. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
On the atmospheric circulation characteristics associated with fog in Ioannina, north‐western Greece
Authors: Houssos E. E. , Lolis C. J. , Gkikas A. , Hatzianastassiou N. , Bartzokas A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe evolution of the atmospheric circulation over Europe and the Mediterranean during fog events in Ioannina, north‐western Greece, is examined for the period 1957–2002. A 24‐h period starting at 12:00 UTC is defined as a fog day, when at least one of the present and/or past weather codes of the corresponding SYNOPs refers to fog. A sequence of such fog days is defined as a fog event. In total, 1019 fog events are found during the period under study. A methodology scheme using S‐mode factor analysis and K‐means cluster analysis is applied to the patterns of 850 hPa air temperature and 1000 and 500 hPa geopotential heights for the day before the initiation, the first day of occurrence and the day after the dissipation of fog, resulting in the classification of the 1019 fog events into ten clusters. For each one of the ten clusters, the mean 00:00 UTC patterns of the above parameters are constructed for 3 days. These patterns correspond to the evolution of the atmospheric circulation associated with fog formation and dissipation in the Ioannina region. Most of the patterns are characterized by anticyclonic activity or a weak southerly flow over Greece. The differences among the ten clusters refer mainly to the position and the intensity of the surface and upper air synoptic systems involved. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Developing site‐specific future temperature scenarios for Northern Ireland: addressing key issues employing a statistical downscaling approach
Authors: Mullan Donal , Fealy Rowan , Favis‐Mortlock Dave 
Published: August 2011

AbstractModelling future temperature changes is a crucial step in the climate change impacts analysis stage for a wide range of environmental and socioeconomic sectors. A scale mismatch exists, however, between the coarse spatial resolution at which general circulation models (GCMs) project future climate change scenarios, and the finer spatial resolution at which impact modellers require such projections. Various downscaling techniques can be used to bridge this gap, with statistical downscaling methods emerging as a popular, low‐cost and accessible means of developing site‐specific future scenarios. Despite its widespread use, little attention has been paid to some of the key issues in statistical downscaling which are central to the development of the future scenarios, including GCM grid‐box choice and the effects of modifying the calibration period. In this study, such issues are examined with respect to the development of site‐specific future temperature scenarios for nine climatological stations across Northern Ireland. Results indicate that the more remote grid box of the two analysed is most strongly correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures, illustrating the importance of examining potential spatial offsets in the predictor‐predictand relationship. In addition, modifications to the calibration period result in only minor differences to seasonal calibration and validation values as well as resultant future projections, indicating that longer calibration periods do not always offer improvements over shorter periods. Future downscaled scenarios reveal considerable warming across all sites and seasons, with large inter‐GCM differences apparent. This underlines the importance of employing multiple GCMs and emissions scenarios to help address the uncertainties inherent in global climate modelling. This study illustrates the potential of statistical downscaling methods in generating high‐resolution future climate change scenarios appropriate to the requirements of impact modellers, provided a thorough analysis of some of the key issues that shape the character of the future scenarios are fully explored. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Smithfield's journey to sustainability: A work in progress
Authors: Deptolla Ralph 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSmithfield Foods certainly did not set out to gain a reputation as a bad corporate citizen and neighbor when the company was founded in 1936. But in the process of growing from a modest meatpacking company located on the banks of the historic Pagan River in Smithfield, Virginia, to an $11 billion global food company employing more than 48,000 people worldwide, Smithfield Foods grappled with embarrassing environmental issues that made it a target of governmental agencies and activist groups. This case study examines Smithfield Foods' challenging journey to become a leader in corporate social responsibility and sustainability by learning from its mistakes and creating a new company culture focused on core values that place a premium on leadership, performance, and accountability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.