bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrole–Porphyrin Conjugates with Interchangeable Metal Centers
Authors: Ngo Thien H. , Nastasi Francesco , Puntoriero Fausto , Campagna Sebastiano , Dehaen Wim , Maes Wouter 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOligoporphyrinoid materials composed of two or three tetrapyrrolic macrocycles have been synthesized by either mono‐ or disubstitution (SNAr) of a phenolic Zn‐AB3‐porphyrin on a meso‐dichloropyrimidinyl‐substituted Cu‐AB2‐corrole. Selective metallation/demetallation sequences were carried out on these mixed corrole–porphyrin conjugates to afford multichromophoric systems with variable metal centers. The absorption spectra of the free‐base corrole–porphyrin systems were essentially additive, which demonstrates that only weak intercomponent interactions take place in these assemblies and therefore they can be regarded as supramolecular systems. Photophysical studies of the free‐base conjugates showed that these species are highly fluorescent, with fluorescence occurring from the lowest‐energy singlet state of the porphyrin subunit(s), which is (are) the lowest‐energy state(s) of the assemblies. Pump‐probe transient absorption spectroscopy experiments demonstrated that very efficient (>95 %) corrole‐to‐porphyrin singlet–singlet energy transfer takes place in these pyrimidinyl‐bridged multichromophoric systems by a coulombic mechanism with rate constants on the picosecond timescale.
Supra‐glacial deposition and flux of catastrophic rock–slope failure debris, south‐central Alaska
Authors: Uhlmann Manuela , Korup Oliver , Huggel Christian , Fischer Luzia , Kargel Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe ongoing debate over the effects of global environmental change on Earth's cryosphere calls for detailed knowledge about process rates and their variability in cold environments. In this context, appraisals of the coupling between glacier dynamics and para‐glacial erosion rates in tectonically active mountains remain rare. We contribute to filling this knowledge gap and present an unprecedented regional‐scale inventory of supra‐glacial sediment flux and hillslope erosion rates inferred from an analysis of 123 large (> 0·1 km2) catastrophic bedrock landslides that fell onto glaciers in the Chugach Mountains, Alaska, as documented by satellite images obtained between 1972 to 2008. Assuming these supra‐glacial landslide deposits to be passive strain markers we infer minimum decadal‐scale sediment yields of 190 to 7400 t km–2 yr–1 for a given glacier‐surface cross‐section impacted by episodic rock–slope failure. These rates compare to reported fluvial sediment yields in many mountain rivers, but are an order of magnitude below the extreme sediment yields measured at the snouts of Alaskan glaciers, indicating that the bulk of debris discharged derives from en‐glacial, sub‐glacial or ice‐proximal sources. We estimate an average minimum para‐glacial erosion rate by large, episodic rock–slope failures at 0·5–0·7 mm yr–1 in the Chugach Mountains over a 50‐yr period, with earthquakes likely being responsible for up to 73% of this rate. Though ranking amongst the highest decadal landslide erosion rates for this size of study area worldwide, our inferred rates of hillslope erosion in the Chugach Mountains remain an order of magnitude below the pace of extremely rapid glacial sediment export and glacio‐isostatic surface uplift previously reported from the region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal enhancement of natural magnetism as a tool for tracing eroded soil
Authors: Armstrong Alona , Quinton John N. , Maher Barbara A. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTDetermining sources, quantities and travel distances of eroding soil is of increasing importance given its impact on‐ and off‐site, the sediment‐associated transport of nutrients, metals and micro‐organisms and the ongoing need to provide data for soil erosion model development and validation. Many soil tracers have been developed; however, most comprise foreign materials, such as fluorescent beads and rare earth oxides, which cast doubts on the validity of tracing results given their different physical characteristics. To avoid these problems, we have investigated the potential of soil, which has been heated under reducing conditions to enhance its ferrimagnetic content, as a soil erosion tracer; while the technique has been used successfully to trace river sediment it has not been successfully applied to soil erosion studies. For a suite of 16 magnetic concentration‐dependent properties, values were found to be significantly greater, by at least one order of magnitude, after heating, both for the bulk soil and nine individual particle size fractions. Individual size fractions could be differentiated using two different magnetic properties, thus illustrating the technique's potential to provide information on particle size‐specific erosion. Soil box experiments demonstrated the potential for both in situ measurement of magnetic susceptibility and laboratory measurement of the magnetic properties of eroded sediment, to trace and quantify soil erosion. Thus, heated soil, with artificially‐enhanced ferrimagnetic properties, is successfully demonstrated to have great potential as a size‐specific, cost‐effective and representative soil erosion tracer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐Generation Prediction Markets for Information Aggregation: A Comparison of Payoff Mechanisms
Authors: Slamka Christian , Jank Wolfgang , Skiera Bernd 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTInitial applications of prediction markets (PMs) indicate that they provide good forecasting instruments in many settings, such as elections, the box office, or product sales. One particular characteristic of these ‘first‐generation’ (G1) PMs is that they link the payoff value of a stock's share to the outcome of an event. Recently, ‘second‐generation’ (G2) PMs have introduced alternative mechanisms to determine payoff values which allow them to be used as preference markets for determining preferences for product concepts or as idea markets for generating and evaluating new product ideas. Three different G2 payoff mechanisms appear in the existing literature, but they have never been compared. This study conceptually and empirically compares the forecasting accuracy of the three G2 payoff mechanisms and investigates their influence on participants' trading behavior. We find that G2 payoff mechanisms perform almost as well as their G1 counterpart, and trading behavior is very similar in both markets (i.e. trading prices and trading volume), except during the very last trading hours of the market. These results indicate that G2 PMs are valid instruments and support their applicability shown in previous studies for developing new product ideas or evaluating new product concepts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity of di‐iodine toward thiol: Desulfuration reaction of 5‐nitro‐2‐mercapto‐benzimidazole upon reaction with di‐iodine
Authors: Corban G. J. , Antoniadis C. D. , Hadjikakou S. K. , Kourkoumelis N. , Tyurin V. Yu. , Dolgano A. , Milaeva E. R. , Kubicki M. , Bernhardt P. V. , Tiekink E. R. T. , Skoulika S. , Hadjiliadis N. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐mercapto‐benzoic acid (H2MBA), 2‐mercato‐nicotinic acid (H2MNA), and 2‐mercapto‐pyrimidine (PMTH) with a twofold molar amount of di‐iodine (I2) results in the isolation of crystals of the neutral disulfides of formulae: {(HMBA)2·1/2(CH3CN)} (1), {(HMNA)2·(H2O)} (2), and (PMT)2 (3), respectively, when dichloromethane/acetonitrile/methanol (1) or dichloromethane (2,3) were used as solvents. The reaction of di‐iodine with thethiol PMTH and 2‐mercapto‐benzothiazole (MBZTH) yields the disulfide (PMT)2 (3), and the di‐iodine adduct of formula {[MBZTH‐I2]·[MBZTH]2} (4), respectively. The reaction of di‐iodine with 5‐nitro‐2‐mercapto‐benzimidazole (O2N‐MBZIMH) (5) in the presence of ferric trichloride hydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), in a 6:3:1 (I2:thiol:FeCl3·6H2O) molar ratio, results in cocrystal (6), which contain the desulfurated hydroxyl derivative O2N‐BZIMOH (6a) and unreacted O2N‐MBZIMH (6b) in a 3:1 molar ratio. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of compounds 1–6 were also determined by X‐ray crystallography. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that thiols with low oxidation potentials (< 1.0 V) mainly form disulfides upon a reaction with di‐iodine, whereas those with higher oxidation potential form charge transfer (CT), resulting in desulfurated products, MBZIMH. However, in the case of O2N‐MBZIMH a desulfurated species was isolated. The formation of the final product also requires the presence of FeCl3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:498–511, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21042
Distinct tumor protein p53 mutants in breast cancer subgroups
Authors: Dumay Anne , Feugeas Jean‐Paul , Wittmer Evelyne , Lehmann‐Che Jacqueline , Bertheau Philippe , Espié Marc , Plassa Louis‐François , Cottu Paul , Marty Michel , André Fabrice , Sotiriou Christos , Pusztai Lajos , de Thé Hugues 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTumor protein p53 (TP53) is mutated in approximately 30% of breast cancers, but this frequency fluctuates widely between subclasses. We investigated the p53 mutation status in 572 breast tumors, classified into luminal, basal and molecular apocrine subgroups. As expected, the lowest mutation frequency was observed in luminal (26%), and the highest in basal (88%) tumors. Luminal tumors showed significantly higher frequency of substitutions (82 vs. 65%), notably A/T to G/C transitions (31 vs. 15%), whereas molecular apocrine and basal tumors presented much higher frequencies of complex mutations (deletions/insertions) (36 and 33%, respectively, vs. 18%). Accordingly, missense mutations were significantly more frequent in luminal tumors (75 vs. 54%), whereas basal tumors displayed significantly increased rates of TP53 truncations (43 vs. 25%), resulting in loss of function and/or expression. Interestingly, as basal tumors, molecular apocrine tumors presented with a high rate of complex mutations, but paradoxically, these were not associated with increased frequency of p53 truncation. As in luminal tumors, this could reflect a selective pressure for p53 gain of function, possibly through P63/P73 inactivation. Collectively, these observations point not only to different mechanisms of TP53 alterations, but also to different functional consequences in the different breast cancer subtypes.
Loss of pSer2448‐mTOR expression is linked to adverse prognosis and tumor progression in ERG‐fusion‐positive cancers
Authors: Müller Julia , Ehlers Arne , Burkhardt Lia , Sirma Hüseyin , Steuber Thomas , Graefen Markus , Sauter Guido , Minner Sarah , Simon Ronald , Schlomm Thorsten , Michl Uwe 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrevalence and clinical significance of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation at the serine 2448 is disputed in prostate cancer. A tissue microarray containing 3,261 prostate cancers and 49 normal prostate samples with clinical follow‐up data was analyzed for pSer2448‐mTOR expression by immunohistochemistry. Moderate to strong pSer2448‐mTOR staining was found in all (n = 49) normal prostate tissues, but was lost in 24% or weak in 29% cancers. Moderate and strong staining was found in 36 and 11% of tumors. Loss of pSer2448‐mTOR staining was significantly linked to advanced stage (p = 0.0027), high‐grade (p = 0.0045), nodal positive cancers (p = 0.0483), early tumor recurrence (p < 0.0001, independently from stage and grade, p = 0.0016), lack of Ets‐related gene (ERG) fusion (p < 0.0001), reduced androgen receptor expression (p < 0.0001 each) and increased cell proliferation (p = 0.0092) in all cancers and in the subset of ERG‐fusion‐positive cancers. Loss of pSer2448‐mTOR expression was linked to tumor metastasis (p = 0.0275) in ERG‐fusion‐positive cancers only. Molecular subset analysis using pre‐existing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion data revealed that loss of pSer2448‐mTOR expression is of prognostic relevance and defines a subpopulation of PTEN‐deleted and ERG‐fusion‐positive cancers with a particular poor outcome. The results of our study strongly suggest that loss of pSer2448‐mTOR expression is a marker for activated AKT/mTOR signaling. Tumors with concomitant PTEN deletion and activated mTOR signaling indicated by loss of pSer2448‐mTOR expression characterize a small (4%) but clinically significant subset of prostate cancers that might optimally benefit from anti‐mTOR therapies.
Use of isoflavone supplements is associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk
Authors: Boucher Beatrice A. , Cotterchio Michelle , Anderson Laura N. , Kreiger Nancy , Kirsh Victoria A. , Thompson Lilian U. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBotanical supplements are widely used and contain diverse ingredients, including isoflavones. Food‐based isoflavones have been associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, no study has comprehensively evaluated supplements identified by isoflavone content and breast cancer risk. Associations between ever use of 28 isoflavone supplements and breast cancer risk in Ontario, Canada were evaluated using cases (n = 3,101) identified in 2002–2003 from the Ontario Cancer Registry and controls (n = 3,471) identified through random digit dialing methods. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate age‐adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Several individual supplements were associated with reduced breast cancer risk (e.g., Natural HRT; AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.69; nusers = 58). Use of any isoflavone supplements was associated with reduced risk when ≥3 were ever used (AOR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.86; nusers = 332; ptrend = 0.008) or any was taken >5 years (AOR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.94; nusers = 325; ptrend = 0.01); high content supplements were consistently associated with reduced risk. Risk reduction was confined to postmenopausal breast cancer for both individual and combined supplements, and was strongest in the latter among high content users who ever took ≥3 supplements (AOR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.81; nusers = 118; ptrend = 0.04) or any >5 years (AOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.81; nusers = 60; ptrend = 0.03). Associations did not differ by estrogen‐progesterone tumor receptor status. In conclusion, isoflavone supplements were associated with decreased postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Further research to examine these novel findings is warranted, given the low supplement use and potential limitations of our results.
Incidence of childhood cancer among Mexican children registered under a public medical insurance program
Authors: Rivera‐Luna Roberto , Correa‐González Cecilia , Altamirano‐Alvarez Eduardo , Sánchez‐Zubieta Fernando , Cárdenas‐Cardós Rocio , Escamilla‐Asian Gabriela , Olaya‐Vargas Alberto , Bautista‐Marquez Aurora , Aguilar‐Romo Manuel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrior to 2005, 51% of children in Mexico diagnosed with cancer received no standardized optimal multidisciplinary medical care. A government‐subsidized national cancer treatment program was therefore created for these patients and a National Cooperative Childhood Cancer Treatment Group was consequently formed for these patients. Pediatric patients with a proven diagnosis of leukemia, lymphoma or solid tumor and who were registered in the Popular Medical Insurance (PMI) program from January 2007 to December 2010, are described in this report. These patients had been enrolled and registered in one of the 49 nationwide certified medical institutions in Mexico. The national incidence and frequency data for childhood cancers were analyzed for the whole program. At the end of a 4‐year study, the analysis revealed that 8,936 children from across Mexico had been diagnosed with cancer. The incidence rate for the PMI patients was 150.3/million/year (2010) for children of 0–18 years. The highest age incidence rate was 51.9 between 0 and 4 years and boys were the predominant group for all types of cancer. The leukemia incidence was 75.3/million/year (2010), and an average frequency of 50.75% throughout the 4 years. The overall mortality rate was measured at 5.4/100,000/year (2010). This study demonstrates a high frequency and incidence of childhood cancer and a beneficial impact of the PMI program over the quality of life in these children.
A novel role for junctional adhesion molecule‐A in tumor proliferation: Modulation by an anti‐JAM‐A monoclonal antibody
Authors: Goetsch Liliane , Haeuw Jean‐François , Beau‐Larvor Charlotte , Gonzalez Alexandra , Zanna Laurence , Malissard Martine , Lepecquet Anne‐Marie , Robert Alain , Bailly Christian , Broussas Matthieu , Corvaia Nathalie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTo identify new potential targets in oncology, functional approaches were developed using tumor cells as immunogens to select monoclonal antibodies targeting membrane receptors involved in cell proliferation. For that purpose cancer cells were injected into mice and resulting hybridomas were screened for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation in vitro. Based on this functional approach coupled to proteomic analysis, a monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing the human junctional adhesion molecule‐A (JAM‐A) was defined. Interestingly, compared to both normal and tumor tissues, we observed that JAM‐A was mainly overexpressed on breast, lung and kidney tumor tissues. In vivo experiments demonstrated that injections of anti‐JAM‐A antibody resulted in a significant tumor growth inhibition of xenograft human tumors. Treatment with monoclonal antibody induced a decrease of the Ki67 expression and downregulated JAM‐A levels. All together, our results show for the first time that JAM‐A can interfere with tumor proliferation and suggest that JAM‐A is a potential novel target in oncology. The results also demonstrate that a functional approach coupled to a robust proteomic analysis can be successful to identify new antibody target molecules that lead to promising new antibody‐based therapies against cancers.
EXTRACTIVE MULTINATIONALS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A COMMITMENT TOWARDS ACHIEVING THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OR ONLY A MANAGEMENT STRATEGY?
Authors: Pesmatzoglou Dimitrios , Nikolaou Ioannis E. , Evangelinos Konstantinos I. , Allan Stuart 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWhile several decades ago, discussions regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) were limited to a small group of academics and parts of the business sector; in the recent past, it has grown to become a complex concept with multiple effects and aspects. It is considered to be heavily influential in the decision making of multinational companies. Regarding extractive multinationals, the need for new areas for extraction of natural resources has predictably caused disputes between corporations and local communities, as well as a plethora of environmental considerations. This article contributes to this debate by addressing the issue of whether the CSR of extractive multinationals really contributes to the sustainable development of developing countries. In addition, reasons for CSR not attaining its potential regarding sustainable development are set out and evaluated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a clinical assessment score for pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Goldstein Nira A. , Stefanov Dimitre G. , Graw‐Panzer Katharina D. , Fahmy Samir A. , Fishkin Sherry , Jackson Alison , Sarhis Jennifer S. , Weedon Jeremy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To validate a clinical assessment score for pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing.Study Design:Prospective instrument validation.Methods:One hundred children scheduled for overnight polysomnography were evaluated by a standardized history and physical examination and assigned a clinical assessment score. Parents completed the Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)‐18, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0, and the Child Behavior Checklist questionnaires. Children with positive polysomnography underwent adenotonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. The identical assessments were performed at a mean follow‐up of 8 months.Results:Item reduction yielded a score of 15 items (Clinical Assessment Score‐15 [CAS‐15]) that demonstrated the best internal consistency and predictive utility (Cronbach α = .80). Intraclass correlation (ICC) demonstrated good intrarater (ICC, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.89) and inter‐rater agreement (ICC, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.84). All change scores were significantly improved after surgery. Effect sizes were large for the CAS‐15 (2.6), OSA‐18 (2.4), and apnea‐hypopnea index (1.4), and moderate for the Child Behavior Checklist (0.7) and PedsQL 4.0 (−0.5). Moderate to strong correlation was found between the initial CAS‐15 scores and the external measures (|r| between 0.32 and 0.65). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the optimal initial CAS‐15 score for predicting positive polysomnography. The area under the curve was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.87); and a score ≥32 yielded a sensitivity of 77.3% (95% CI, 65.3 to 86.7) and a specificity of 60.7% (95% CI, 40.6 to 78.5).Conclusions:The CAS‐15 proved useful in an office setting and correctly diagnosed 72% of referred children when compared to polysomnography. It correlated well with external measures and demonstrated a good response to clinical change.
Controlled PEGylation of PLA‐Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Ferrari Raffaele , Yu Yingchuan , Lattuada Marco , Storti Giuseppe , Morbidelli Massimo , Moscatelli Davide 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe controlled synthesis of degradable nanoparticles (NPs) made from a brush copolymer constituted of a 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) backbone with PEG and PLA pendants both tunable in length and composition has been developed. Using ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L,L–lactide, vinyl end‐functionalized PLA macromonomers were produced and then copolymerized with HEMA–PEG macromonomers. Narrow dispersed PEGylated NPs with size down to 25 nm with different PEGylation degree and PEG chain lengths were obtained. Surfactant‐free MSSEP in the absence of any solvent was implemented to produce NPs suitable for biomedical applications. The colloidal stability in isotonic solutions of these NPs was investigated and the corresponding critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of the NPs was determined.
Monte Carlo simulations of Donnan equilibrium in cartilage
Authors: Algotsson Jenny , Åkesson Torbjörn , Forsman Jan 
Published: August 2012

Abstract23Na magnetic resonance imaging and the delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging methods to investigate cartilage can be used to determine the fixed charge density of cartilage. The methods give results that differ by a factor of 2. In this study, we use Monte Carlo simulations on a model system of cartilage and find that the difference originates from the Coulombic intermolecular interactions between the ions in the cartilage, and in the synovial fluid. Those interactions are neglected in the standard Donnan analysis that generally is adopted to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging data. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.