bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive impedance matching system for downlink of passive semi‐ultra wideband ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification tag
Authors: Zhang Gui‐ying , Dai Yu‐jie , Zhang Xiao‐xing , Lv Ying‐jie 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThe input impedance of ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification tag varies with the received power on the chip. It will induce impedance mismatch between the receiver antenna and microchip, thus drastically affect the performance of communication. In this paper, a low cost and fully integrated automatic impedance matching system was presented to solve this problem. It consists of two control loops for independent control of the real and imaginary parts of impedance. The first control loop realizes resistance correction using a parallel LC tuning network, whereas the second control loop achieves reactance compensation using a series LC tuning network. In both loops, the mismatch information is detected for direct control of the variable elements, varactors, which are tuned in a sequential manner. For unambiguous control of the resistance correction, the sign of the intermediate reactance is used as a secondary control criterion to enforce operation into a stable region. The functionality of the proposed automatic matching system was verified for different input impedances of a specifically semi‐ultra wideband ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification tag as the available input power varies. The results indicate that all matched impedances are clustered around the target impedance 50 + j0 Ω after acquisition of both loops. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progress in Piezotronics and Piezo‐Phototronics
Authors: Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe fundamental principle of piezotronics and piezo‐phototronics were introduced by Wang in 2007 and 2010, respectively. Due to the polarization of ions in a crystal that has non‐central symmetry in materials such as the wurtzite structured ZnO, GaN and InN, a piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) is created in the crystal by applying a stress. Owing to the simultaneous possession of piezoelectricity and semiconductor properties, the piezopotential created in the crystal has a strong effect on the carrier transport at the interface/junction. Piezotronics is about the devices fabricated using the piezopotential as a “gate” voltage to tune/control charge carrier transport at a contact or junction. The piezo‐phototronic effect is to use the piezopotential to control the carrier generation, transport, separation and/or recombination for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices, such as photon detector, solar cell and LED. This manuscript reviews the updated progress in the two new fields. A perspective is given about their potential applications in sensors, human‐silicon technology interfacing, MEMS, nanorobotics and energy sciences.
Building a human rights framework for workers' compensation in the United States: Opening the debate on first principles
Authors: Hilgert Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis article introduces the idea of human rights to the topic of workers' compensation in the United States. It discusses what constitutes a human rights approach and explains how this approach conflicts with those policy ideas that have provided the foundation historically for workers' compensation in the United States.MethodsUsing legal and historical research, key international labor and human rights standards on employment injury benefits and influential writings in the development of the U.S. workers' compensation system are cited.ResultsWorkers' injury and illness compensation in the United States does not conform to basic international human rights norms.ConclusionsA comprehensive review of the U.S. workers' compensation system under international human rights standards is needed. Examples of policy changes are highlighted that would begin the process of moving workers' compensation into conformity with human rights standards. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:506–518, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and Implementation of a Flight Control System for an Unmanned Rotorcraft using RPT Control Approach
Authors: Cai Guowei , Wang Biao , Chen Ben M. , Lee Tong H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we apply a so‐called robust and perfect tracking (RPT) control technique to the design and implementation of the flight control system of a miniature unmanned rotorcraft, named HeLion. To make the presented work self‐contained, we will first outline some background knowledge, including mainly the nonlinear flight dynamics model and the inner‐loop flight control system design. Next, the highlight of this paper, that is, the outer‐loop flight control system design procedure using RPT control technique, will be detailed. Generally speaking, RPT control technique aims to design a controller such that (i) the resulting closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable, and (ii) the controlled output almost perfectly tracks a given reference signal in the presence of any initial conditions and external disturbances. Since it makes use of all possible information including the system measurement output and the command reference signal together with all its derivatives (if available) for control, RPT control technique is particularly useful for the outer‐loop layer of an unmanned aircraft. Both simulation and flight‐test results will be presented and analyzed at the end of this paper, and the efficiency of the RPT control approach will be evaluated comprehensively.
The use of high‐solids loadings in biomass pretreatment—a review
Authors: Modenbach Alicia A. , Nokes Sue E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe use of high‐solids loadings (≥15% solids, w/w) in the unit operations of lignocellulose conversion processes potentially offers many advantages over lower‐solids loadings, including increased sugar and ethanol concentrations and decreased production and capital costs. Since the term lignocellulosic materials refers to a wide range of feedstocks (agricultural and forestry residues, distillery by‐products, and dedicated energy crops like grasses), the term “solids loading” here is defined by the amount of dry material that enters the process divided by the total mass of material and water added to the material. The goal of this study is to provide a consolidated review of studies using a high‐solids pretreatment step in the conversion process. Included in this review is a brief discussion of the limitations, such as the lack of available water to promote mass transfer, increased substrate viscosity, and increased concentration of inhibitors produced affecting pretreatment, as well as descriptions and findings of pretreatment studies performed at high solids, the latest reactor designs developed for pretreatment at bench‐ and pilot‐scales to address some of the limitations, and high‐solids pretreatment operations that have been scaled‐up and incorporated into demonstration facilities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1430–1442. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High gas pressure: An innovative method for the inactivation of dried bacterial spores
Authors: Colas de la Noue A. , Espinasse V. , Perrier‐Cornet J.‐M. , Gervais P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this article, an original non‐thermal process to inactivate dehydrated bacterial spores is described. The use of gases such as nitrogen or argon as transmission media under high isostatic pressure led to an inactivation of over 2 logs CFU/g of Bacillus subtilis spores at 430 MPa, room temperature, for a 1 min treatment. A major requirement for the effectiveness of the process resided in the highly dehydrated state of the spores. Only a water activity below 0.3 led to substantial inactivation. The solubility of the gas in the lipid components of the spore and its diffusion properties was essential to inactivation. The main phenomenon involved seems to be the sorption of the gas under pressure by the spores' structures such as residual pores and plasma membranes, followed by a sudden drop in pressure. Observation by phase‐contrast microscopy suggests that internal structures have been affected by the treatment. Some parallels with polymer permeability to gas and rigidity at various water activities offer a few clues about the behavior of the outer layers of spores in response to this parameter and provide a good explanation for the sensitivity of spores to high gas pressure discharge at low hydration levels. Specificity of microorganisms such as size, organization, and composition could help in understanding the differences between spores and yeast regarding the parameters required for inactivation, such as pressure or maintenance time. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1996–2004. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiotolerance of phosphatases of a Serratia sp.: Potential for the use of this organism in the biomineralization of wastes containing radionuclides
Authors: Paterson‐Beedle M. , Jeong B.C. , Lee C.H. , Jee K.Y. , Kim W.H. , Renshaw J.C. , Macaskie L.E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAqueous wastes from nuclear fuel reprocessing present special problems of radiotoxicity of the active species. Cells of Serratia sp. were found previously to accumulate high levels of hydrogen uranyl phosphate (HUP) via the activity of a phosphatase enzyme. Uranium is of relatively low radiotoxicity whereas radionuclide fission products such as 90Sr and 137Cs are highly radiotoxic. These radionuclides can be co‐crystallized, held within the bio‐HUP “host” lattice on the bacterial cells and thereby removed from contaminated solution, depending on continued phosphatase activity. Radiostability tests using a commercial 60Co γ‐source showed that while cell viability and activity of purified phosphatase were lost within a few hours on irradiation, whole‐cell phosphatase retained 80% of the initial activity, even after loss of cell culturability, which was increased to 100% by the incorporation of mercaptoethanol as an example radioprotectant, beyond an accumulated dose of >1.3 MGy. Using this co‐crystallization approach (without mercaptoethanol) 137Cs+ and 85Sr2+ were removed from a simulated waste selectively against a 33‐fold excess of Na+. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1937–1946. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computer refurbishing: Environmentally reducing the digital divide
Authors: Fosdick Howard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe two‐to‐five year lifespan of a typical computer leads to many machines being unnecessarily disposed of, while over one in four Americans has no access to a computer. The troubling combination of electronic waste and digital deprivation can be resolved through computer refurbishing. Distinct from recycling in which computers are rendered unusable, computer refurbishing extends the usable life of donated computers, avoiding the consumption of additional natural resources. Electronics trade‐in or recycling programs often ship machines overseas, leading to environmental pollution and harming workers' health. Refurbishers determine which machines are suitable for refurbishing or teardown, securely destroy any residual data and often install free and open source software. Consumers can help narrow the digital divide by turning to computer refurbishers such as Free Geek, ultimately helping to broaden computer access in an environmentally sustainable manner.
Absence of the flexor digitorum longus tendon: An MRI study
Authors: Magra Merzesh , Taqvi Syed , Cooper Robert , Blundell Chris M. , Davies Mark B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFlexor digitorum longus (FDL) is the primary flexor of the lateral four toes. It is a reliable source of tendon for transfer surgery. We present a case whereby a patient who required a reconstruction for adult acquired flatfoot deformity using FDL as a dynamic structure for transfer was found to have an absent FDL tendon at the time of operation, necessitating the use of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) instead. This unusual finding prompted us to investigate the frequency of absence of the FDL tendon. We reviewed our hospital MRI database of foot and ankle images specifically looking for patients with absence of this tendon. After randomization, 756 images were reviewed independently by two surgeons and a consultant musculoskeletal radiologist. No instances of an absent FDL tendon were identified. In conclusion, the frequency of absence of the FDL tendon is less than 1 in 750. Surgeons who require FDL for tendon transfer surgery need not image the foot preoperatively to anticipate the need for the use of FHL as an alternative. Clin. Anat. 25:1062–1065, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microsurgical anatomy of the abducens nerve
Authors: Joo Wonil , Yoshioka Fumitaka , Funaki Takeshi , Rhoton Albert L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study is to demonstrate and review the detailed microsurgical anatomy of the abducens nerve and surrounding structures along its entire course and to provide its topographic measurements. Ten cadaveric heads were examined using ×3 to ×40 magnification after the arteries and veins were injected with colored silicone. Both sides of each cadaveric head were dissected using different skull base approaches to demonstrate the entire course of the abducens nerve from the pontomedullary sulcus to the lateral rectus muscle. The anatomy of the petroclival area and the cavernous sinus through which the abducens nerve passes are complex due to the high density of critically important neural and vascular structures. The abducens nerve has angulations and fixation points along its course that put the nerve at risk in many clinical situations. From a surgical viewpoint, the petrous tubercle of the petrous apex is an intraoperative landmark to avoid damage to the abducens nerve. The abducens nerve is quite different from the other nerves. No other cranial nerve has a long intradural path with angulations and fixations such as the abducens nerve in petroclival venous confluence. A precise knowledge of the relationship between the abducens nerve and surrounding structures has allowed neurosurgeon to approach the clivus, petroclival area, cavernous sinus, and superior orbital fissure without surgical complications. Clin. Anat. 25:1030–1042, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Luminescent Di‐ and Polynuclear Organometallic Gold(I)–Metal (Au2, {Au2Ag}n and {Au2Cu}n) Compounds Containing Bidentate Phosphanes as Active Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Frik Malgorzata , Jiménez Josefina , Gracia Ismael , Falvello Larry R. , Abi‐Habib Sarya , Suriel Karina , Muth Theodore R. , Contel María 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe reaction of new dinuclear gold(I) organometallic complexes containing mesityl ligands and bridging bidentate phosphanes [Au2(mes)2(μ‐LL)] (LL=dppe: 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphano)ethane 1 a, and water‐soluble dppy: 1,2‐bis(di‐3‐pyridylphosphano)ethane 1 b) with Ag+ and Cu+ lead to the formation of a family of heterometallic clusters with mesityl bridging ligands of the general formula [Au2M(μ‐mes)2(μ‐LL)][A] (M=Ag, A=ClO4−, LL=dppe 2 a, dppy 2 b; M=Ag, A=SO3CF3−, LL=dppe 3 a, dppy 3 b; M=Cu, A=PF6−, LL=dppe 4 a, dppy 4 b). The new compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry The crystal structures of [Au2(mes)2(μ‐dppy)] (1 b) and [Au2Ag(μ‐mes)2(μ‐dppe)][SO3CF3] (3 a) were determined by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. 3 a in solid state is not a cyclic trinuclear Au2Ag derivative but it gives an open polymeric structure instead, with the {Au2(μ‐dppe)} fragments “linked” by {Ag(μ‐mes)2} units. The very short distances of 2.7559(6) Å (AuAg) and 2.9229(8) Å (AuAu) are indicative of gold–silver (metallophilic) and aurophilic interactions. A systematic study of their luminescence properties revealed that all compounds are brightly luminescent in solid state, at room temperature (RT) and at 77 K, or in frozen DMSO solutions with lifetimes in the microsecond range and probably due to the self‐aggregation of [Au2M(μ‐mes)2(μ‐LL)]+ units (M=Ag or Cu; LL=dppe or dppy) into an extended chain structure, through AuAu and/or AuM metallophilic interactions, as that observed for 3 a. In solid state the heterometallic Au2M complexes with dppe (2 a–4 a) show a shift of emission maxima (from ca. 430 to the range of 520‐540 nm) as compared to the parent dinuclear organometallic product 1 a while the complexes with dppy (2 b–4 b) display a more moderate shift (505 for 1 b to a max of 563 nm for 4 b). More importantly, compound [Au2Ag(μ‐mes)2(μ‐dppy)]ClO4 (2 b) resulted luminescent in diluted DMSO solution at room temperature. Previously reported compound [Au2Cl2(μ‐LL)] (LL dppy 5 b) was also studied for comparative purposes. The antimicrobial activity of 1–5 and Ag[A] (A=ClO4−, SO3CF3−) against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and yeast was evaluated. Most tested compounds displayed moderate to high antibacterial activity while heteronuclear Au2M derivatives with dppe (2 a–4 a) were the more active (minimum inhibitory concentration 10 to 1 μg mL−1). Compounds containing silver were ten times more active to Gram‐negative bacteria than the parent dinuclear compound 1 a or silver salts. Au2Ag compounds with dppy (2 b, 3 b) were also potent against fungi.
A Bayesian approach to mixture cure models with spatial frailties for population‐based cancer relative survival data
Authors: Yu Binbing , Tiwari Ram C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAs the treatments of cancer progress, a certain number of cancers are curable if diagnosed early. In population‐based cancer survival studies, cure is said to occur when mortality rate of the cancer patients returns to the same level as that expected for the general cancer‐free population. The estimates of cure fraction are of interest to both cancer patients and health policy makers. Mixture cure models have been widely used because the model is easy to interpret by separating the patients into two distinct groups. Usually parametric models are assumed for the latent distribution for the uncured patients. The estimation of cure fraction from the mixture cure model may be sensitive to misspecification of latent distribution. We propose a Bayesian approach to mixture cure model for population‐based cancer survival data, which can be extended to county‐level cancer survival data. Instead of modeling the latent distribution by a fixed parametric distribution, we use a finite mixture of the union of the lognormal, loglogistic, and Weibull distributions. The parameters are estimated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Simulation study shows that the Bayesian method using a finite mixture latent distribution provides robust inference of parameter estimates. The proposed Bayesian method is applied to relative survival data for colon cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to estimate the cure fractions.The Canadian Journal of Statistics40: 40–54; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
A resampling approach to estimate variance components of multilevel models
Authors: Wang Zilin , Thompson Mary E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn a multilevel model for complex survey data, the weight‐inflated estimators of variance components can be biased. We propose a resampling method to correct this bias. The performance of the bias corrected estimators is studied through simulations using populations generated from a simple random effects model. The simulations show that, without lowering the precision, the proposed procedure can reduce the bias of the estimators, especially for designs that are both informative and have small cluster sizes. Application of these resampling procedures to data from an artificial workplace survey provides further evidence for the empirical value of this method. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 150–171; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Approximate jackknife empirical likelihood method for estimating equations
Authors: Peng Liang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIt is known that the profile empirical likelihood method based on estimating equations is computationally intensive when the number of nuisance parameters is large. Recently, Li, Peng, & Qi (2011) proposed a jackknife empirical likelihood method for constructing confidence regions for the parameters of interest by estimating the nuisance parameters separately. However, when the estimators for the nuisance parameters have no explicit formula, the computation of the jackknife empirical likelihood method is still intensive. In this paper, an approximate jackknife empirical likelihood method is proposed to reduce the computation in the jackknife empirical likelihood method when the nuisance parameters cannot be estimated explicitly. A simulation study confirms the advantage of the new method. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 110–123; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
A stochastic graph process for epidemic modelling
Authors: Hosseinkashi Yasaman , Chenouri Shojaeddin , Small Christopher G. , Deardon Rob 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA stochastic graph process with a Markov property is introduced to model the flow of an infectious disease over a known contact network. The model provides a probability distribution over unobserved infectious pathways. The basic reproductive number in compartmental models is generalized to a dynamic reproductive number based on the sequence of outdegrees in the graph process. The cumulative resistance and threat associated with each individual is also measured based on the cumulative indegree and outdegree of the graph process. The model is applied to the outbreak data from the 2001 foot‐and‐mouth (FMD) outbreak in the United Kingdom. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 55–67; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Randomized broadcasting in wireless mobile sensor networks
Authors: Abdallah Nesrine Ouled , Kacem Hatem Hadj , Mosbah Mohamed , Zemmari Akka 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYWireless sensor networks are a new generation of networks that need specific models and algorithms. We are interested specifically in mobile wireless sensor networks that are considered as anonymous asynchronous distributed mobile systems. As broadcast is one of the most important applications for such networks, and as it depends on the communication model, we tried to find the most suitable one to make a distributed broadcast algorithm. We adopted the population protocols, the Angluin's model of pairwise interactions of anonymous finite‐state agents, to broadcast an information. We tried to modify this model to avoid the information duplication and then calculated the complexity of the algorithm. Then, we extended the model with the rendezvous one that made the stabilization of the algorithm faster. The implementation, the simulation, and the validation of these algorithms and results have been done with Visidia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stakeholder Expectation of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices: A Study on Local and Multinational Corporations in Kazakhstan
Authors: Mahmood Monowar , Humphrey Janet 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAssuming differences among the stakeholders, the study investigated stakeholders' expectations of different aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in Kazakhstan. As a transition economy, both internal stakeholders and the government still place more emphasis on economic and legal responsibilities for the sustainability of business organizations. On the other hand, civil society members and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) argue that business organizations need to focus more on ethical and discretionary responsibilities in Kazakhstan. The findings of the study will help both local business organizations and multinational corporations (MNCs) to understand stakeholders' expectations and to modify CSR activities in the right direction in the context of emerging economies. The policy implications of the study are also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment