bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of (electroconvulsive therapy) on patients hearing under treatment with ECT in Moradi hospital
Authors: Golshiri A. , Aghamohammad Hassani P. , Sayyadi A. , Mokhtari M. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely and effectively used to treat psychiatric disorders. When electrodes are placed on both sides of the head on temporal bones it is unclear whether ECT affect on hearing system because hearing system situated in temporal lobe. Whereas these electrodes are placed on temporal bone and hearing system in TEMPORAL LOBE this study was designed.MethodsWe studied the effects of electroconvulsive shock on hearing system. Audiometric tests were performed in 15 adult patients with major depression under treatment with ECT before and 24h after ECT.ResultsHearing was decreased at 24 hours after ECT about 5 db. Right ear was affected more and the most changes were observed at 8000 khz.ConclusionsIt appears that electroconvulsive shock has early effects on hearing system. Further studies should be performed with more cases and Delayed effects should be investigated.
Catatonia and its clinical course: Descriptive analysis of 12 consecutive cases in a general hospital psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: Rodriguez-Cabo B. , Madrazo A. , Bustamante S. , Gonzalez-Torres M.A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionScientific research regarding Catatonia is limited to individual clinical cases. Few well-design studies investigating its clinical course or therapeutic options have been carried out. We aimed to describe a sample of consecutive Catatonic patients admitted to the Basurto's Hospital Adult Psychiatric Inpatient Unit to obtain more data about its clinical presentation.Material and methodsSubjects diagnosed of Catatonia anytime during admission were included (n = 12). Subject's admission dates ranged between December 2008 to September 2010. Catatonia was diagnosed following DSM-IV-TR criteria. Data was retrospectively obtained reviewing subject's clinical notes.ResultsThe sample was predominantly composed of women (66.7%). Media of age was 55.3 years. All subjects reported previous mental illness. More prevalent diagnosis were Schizophrenia (33.2%), Bipolar Disorder (33.2%), Non Specified Psychotic Disorder (16.6%), Schizoaffective Disorder (8.3%) and Recurrent Depressive Disorder (8.3%). Nine subjects (75%) reported previous admission to a psychiatric unit. No subjects had previously suffered from Catatonia and only 2 had previously received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). More frequent catatonia subtype was retarded (66.7%) with no subjects presenting with malignant catatonia. CGI at admission showed a media of 6.64.Regarding treatment, 83.3% did not recover with benzodiazepines and needed ECT anytime during admission. Media admission length was 36.17 days.ConclusionsCatatonia was more frequently observed in female, middle-aged women with no previous history of catatonia or ECT treatment but a history of previous psychotic or affective illness and hospital admissions. Symptom severity was very high and thus required aggressive treatment and longer hospital stays in order to achieve recovery.
Referential thinking and severe mental disorders
Authors: Peris-Mencheta Puch L. , Senín-Calderón M.C. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Fuentes-Márquez S. , Valdés-Diaz M. , Benítez-Hernández M.D.M. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F. 
Published: May 2011

AntecedentsIn a previous study (Senín-Calderón et al., 2010) we observed that the REF scale of referential thinking (Lenzenweger et al., 1997) didn’t discriminate among different mental disorders.Objectives and hypothesesWe try to verify if self-references in various disorders are related to the severity of psychopathology (patients from public hospital and a private clinical). We predict that there will be differences between patients and controls, but not between the clinical samples. Psychotic disorders will be characterized by a significantly greater presence of self-references.MethodsParticipants: 287 subjects, 47 patients from a private clinical center, 57.4% women (mean age = 35.02, SD = 12.69), 30 patients from a public hospital, 53.3% women (38.36 years, SD = 9.53), and 210 controls selected from the general population, 50.5% women (33.80 years, SD = 11.79). Cross-sectional design, correlation method. All analysis were accepted at p < .05.ResultsThere are significant differences in self-references between patients and controls in frequency (t (285) = 2.33, p = . 021) and intensity (t (83.98) = 3.59, p = . 001). No significant differences between patients groups (p>.05) (REF-intensity without homogeneity, p < .05). No significant differences in self-references between types of diagnoses except psychotic patients versus adjustment disorder (frequency and intensity).ConclusionsSelf-references are highlighted in psychosis but, with the exception of adjustment disorders, doesn’t discriminate between personality, mood or anxiety disorders. Differences are more related to the clinical severity (BPRS) than with referential thinking.
Sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward and self-consciousness as predictors of the referential thinking
Authors: Senín-Calderón M.C. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Valdés-Diaz M. , Benítez-Hernández M.D.M. , Fuentes-Márquez S. 
Published: May 2011

AntecedentsIn previous works, referential thinking was predicted by clinical and dispositional variables such as social anxiety or vulnerability to depression (Rodríguez-Testal, Senín-Calderón & Fernández-Jiménez, submitted to revision).Objectives and hypothesesWe propose to find personality variables to characterize the emergence of referential thinking. We predict a greater referential thinking in subjects with a high sensitivity to punishment and higher scores on social anxiety.MethodsParticipants: 366 subjects selected from the general population, 66.6% women, mean age = 33.18 (SD = 12.79).MaterialsWe used the REF-scale (Lenzenweger et al., 1997) adapted to Spanish language, GHQ-28 (Goldberg, 1996), SPSRQ (Torrubia et al., 2001) and The Revised Self-Consciousness Scale (Scheier & Carver, 1985).It was applied a cross-sectional design and a correlation method. All the analysis were accepted at p < .05.ResultsThe multiple linear regression analysis showed the importance of the clinical variable of depression, public self-consciousness, and sensitivity to reward and punishment as predictors of referential thinking (34% of the variance explained). The discriminant analysis according to scores in referential thinking was significant (Lambda = .87, p = .001). The combination of the above variables correctly classified 85.1% of cases.ConclusionsSubjects more concerned about how they are perceived by others tend to a greater presence of self-references, although they don’t show a high score in social anxiety. Susceptibility to reward and high vulnerable to punishment are the personality variables that best predicted referential thinking.
A case of musical hallucinations
Authors: Simões S. , Mesquita J. , Santos B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMusical hallucinations are a rare subtype of complex auditive hallucinations where we can find a disorder of the processing of complex sounds and the perception is formed by music, instrumental sounds or songs.Clinical CaseA 75-year-old women, accompanied in otorhinolaryngology consultation in the last two years, was oriented to psychiatry consultation for suspected anxious symptomatology. In the second psychiatric observation, she complained of hearing portuguese popular music since the previous month. She could identify the lyrics and sing the songs heard and allocated the sounds out of her head, although having doubts about their reality. There were no other auditory or visual hallucinations. She refused to take psychopharmacs. She had a previous history that included complains of hyperacusis and tinitus, mainly in the left ear. An electrococleography made in the past showed endolymphatic hidropsis at the left and an audiogram identified presbiacusis. Her cerebral MRI showed a dilatation of the ventricular system. She had mild hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and had been medicated with sinvastatine, carvedilol, omeprazole, triflusal and betahistine dihydrochloride.DiscussionMusical hallucinations occur mainly in females and in patients over 60 years, although patients whose hallucinations are caused by focal brain lesions are significantly younger. Because most of the patients have a hearing impairment, a similar mechanism to that of Charles-Bonnet syndrome has been proposed.There is no accepted classification of musical hallucinations - many authors prefer to call them halllucinosis when patients have insight; others think it can represent a mental image. Treatment is not consensual.
Fluid intelligence and executive functioning: Partial overlap in patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Egger J.I.M. , Van Aken L. , Kessels R.P.C. , Wingbermühle E. , Van der Veld W. , Verhoeven W.M.A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionFor decades, the fundamental ability known as intelligence, has been interpreted as a unitary concept: g. The distinction between crystallized intelligence (Gc) and fluid intelligence (Gf), introduced by Horn and Catell in 1966, is corroborated by recent neuropsychological research. Since Gf is sensitive to frontal lobe lesions, studies have focussed on its relation with executive functioning (EF). The most widely used intellegence test (WAIS), measures predominantly Gc, even with its subtasks for performal intelligence.ObjectivesThe study of the relation between Gf and EF with the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT), a test specifially designed for the measurement of the Gf-Gc distinction.AimsWhile WAIS-research on the Gf-EF association may lead to unreliable conclusions, both KAIT and selected CANTAB tasks were used to re-investigated this relationship.MethodsThe relation between Gf, Gc and EF was studied in a latent variable analysis using both a group of patients with an array of psychiatric diagnoses and a group of healthy controls, comprising a total of 66 subjects. For EF, the model of Miyake was used by differentiating EF in the three subprocesses: updating, shifting and inhibition.ResultsA high correlation between Gf and EF was found, indicating significant but incomplete overlap between the Gf and EF constructs.ConclusionsKAIT constructs adequatly reflect Gf, Gc and the three executive processes as defined by Miyake. Deviant scores on KAIT-Gf, however, do not fully capture the actual executive funtioning of patients. In such cases, detailed examination of EF is warranted.
Coping with delusion in schizophrenia and psychotic depression
Authors: Zanghellini Rückl S.C. , Senger N.C. , Büche L. , von Bock A. , Barthel A. , Vedder H. , Bürgy M. , Kronmüller K.T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCoping plays an important role in processes involved in the development of mental disorders, influencing decompensation and recovery from patients. Coping is defined as an active self-generation of cognitive and behavioural procedures, which impact directly on the symptom or reduce distress caused by it. How patients cope with delusions lack empirical evidence. Although, in the last years, delusion has been considered a multidimensional phenomenon where emotional, cognitive and action-oriented aspects were recognized, the impact of delusional dimensions on coping is still unknown.ObjectivesTo assess coping strategies used by patients with schizophrenia and psychotic depression to deal with delusion. The relationships between coping, psychopathology and the dimensions of delusional experience will be examined.MethodsThirty deluded schizophrenics and 30 psychotic depressed patients were investigated. Instruments to the assessment of delusion were used, as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Heidelberger Delusion Profile (HDP).Correlations between psychopathology, coping and delusion dimensions were calculated.ResultsCoping strategies used to deal with delusion were different in the 2 groups of patients. Schizophrenic patients use more medical care, while psychotic depressed patients use more depressive coping. Significant correlations between psychopathology, coping and delusion dimensions could be shown. In contrast to depressive patients, the emotional and cognitive dimensions of delusion seem to influence coping in patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionsCoping strategies are different depending on the diagnosis. In schizophrenia, the emotional and the cognitive dimensions seem to influence how patients cope with delusional experience.
Delusion and hallucinations - an empirical correlation analysis
Authors: Zanghellini Rückl S.C. , Senft A. , Senger N.C. , Bücher L. , Backenstraß M. , Kronmüller K.T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDelusion and hallucinations occur in a variety of psychiatric disorders. In the last years they have been considered multidimensional phenomena, since emotional, cognitive and action-oriented aspects were recognized. According to the cognitive model of the development of positive symptoms, emotional processes play an important role for the relationship between delusion and hallucinations. Although delusion and hallucinations often coexist, there are few empirical studies, which explore this relationship.ObjectivesAim of the study is to elucidate the relationship between delusion and hallucinations taking into consideration their multidimensionality.MethodsEighty-two patients with delusion and hallucinations with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were examined. Several instruments to the exploration of delusion and hallucinations were used as the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales (PSYRATS), MacArthur-Maudsley Delusions Asessment Scchedule (MMDAS), Dimensions of Delusional Experience (DDE), Positive and Negative Syndrom Scale (PANSS), Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS), Clinical Delusion Rating Scale (CDRS) and the Heidelberger Delusion Profile (HDP). The correlations between formal hallucination and delusion criteria, as well as formal hallucination criteria and delusion content were calculated. The causal relationship between delusion and hallucinations was tested through a structural equation modelling.ResultsCorrelations between delusion and hallucinations dimensions could be found, at item, subscale and scale levels. Emotional and cognitive delusion dimensions correlated significantly with hallucinations magnitude. The delusion content showed a significant influence on the occurrence and emotional dimension of hallucinations. Delusion secondary to hallucinations could only be partially confirmed.ConclusionsThe results confirm the complex structure of the relationship between delusion and hallucinations.
Creutzfeldt-jacob disease with psychiatric presentation (CJD) : A case report
Authors: Zeppegno P. , Cantello R. , Lombardi A. , Feggi A. , Torre E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCJD is a neurodegenerative disease with a rapid onset characterized by progressive dementia, myoclonus and also cerebellar, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. It is caused by an increased loss of neurons due to the abnormal conformation of a membrane protein.Case reportA 69 year-old woman was admitted to Psychiatry with a clinical picture characterized by psychomotor agitation, disorientation, confusion, confabulation, false ricognition, circumstantiality, perseveration, logorrhea and dysphoria. She presented no alterations of sense-perception. Her psychiatric history was silent. The neurological examination showed no focal neurological deficits and the first EEG was nonspecific. She became progressively more confused, with subsequent drowsiness with psychomotor agitation, aimless buste, disorganization and visual hallucinations. She started treatment with quetiapine (200 mg/die) and lorazepam (4 mg/die) without benefit. The second EEG was characterized by triphasic waves with diffuse projection. MRI angiography revealed the presence of diffuse cortical ribbon hyperintensity of gray matter. CSF examination showed positivity of 14/3/3 protein and a TAU protein value greater than 16000 pq/ml allowing diagnosis of CJD.ConclusionsWe emphasize the importance of a correct differential diagnosis in patients with psychiatric symptoms and rapidly progressive dementia unresponsive to therapy.
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms induced by atypical anti-psychotics
Authors: Afkhamebrahimi A. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe impact of typical and atypical anti-psychotics on developing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenic patients were investigated in this study.Materials and methods64 schizophrenic patients (32 cases in typical anti-psychotics group and 32 in atypical anti-psychotics group) participated in the study. All the patients first interviewed by SCID and then Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Brief psychiatric Rating Scale were administered in the beginning, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment. The Data then transferred to SPSS program. for analysis.ResultsIn typical group the mean scores of Y-BOCS were 2.40, 2.30 and 2.18 in the beginning, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment. In atypical group the mean scores of Y-BOCS were 4.12, 4.46 and 4.53 in three trials. There were no significant differences in the mean scores of Y-BOCS of two group in the beginning of the trial although a trend toward significance was observed but the differences between scores were significant in trial 2 (3 weeks) and trial 3 (6 weeks).DiscussionBased on this study and in line with previous studies, atypical anti-psychotics may induce obsessive compulsive symptoms (although mild) in patients with schizophrenia.
Antipsychotic and anticholinergic drug prescribing pattern in psychiatry:Implications for evidence - based practice
Authors: Al Khaja K.A.J. , Sequeira R.P. , Al-Haddad M.K. , Al-Offi A.R. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesTo determine the antipsychotic prescribing pattern and the prevalence of concurrent anticholinergic prescribing for patients with psychotic disorders.MethodsA retrospective audit of prescriptions issued for outpatients at the Psychiatric Hospital in Bahrain.ResultsAntipsychotic monotherapy was prescribed for 89.2% patients, whereas polytherapy with two- and three- drugs in 10.4 and 0.4%, respectively. Atypical antipsychotics were prescribed more often (67.7%) than typical antipsychotics. Risperidone and haloperidol were the most frequently prescribed antipsychotics. Majority of the study population (93.2%) were prescribed an oral antipsychotic, whereas 3.1% each were on depot preparation or on depot plus an oral antipsychotic. Long-acting risperidone injection was the only depot preparation prescribed. The mean antipsychotic dose expressed as chlorpromazine equivalents (CPZeq; mg/day) was 242 (220 for monotherapy and 414 for polytherapy). The prevalence of high dose antipsychotic (mean CPZeq>1000 mg/day) was 1.8%, prescribed at a mean CPZeq dose of 1531 (1925 for monotherapy and 1137 for polytherapy) mainly attributed to haloperidol. Anticholinergics were co-prescribed for almost two third of patients receiving antipsychotics, particularly for those on polytherapy (monotherapy 57.3%; polytherapy 87.5%). Antipsychotic polytherapy, high dose of antipsychotics and co-prescription of an oral with a depot antipsychotic preparation were strongly associated with concurrent prescription of anticholinergics. Procyclidine and orphenadrine were the most often prescribed anticholinergics.ConclusionAntipsychotic monotherapy is the common practice for outpatients with psychotic disorders. Some of the antipsychotic polytherapies, dosage strategies, and high prevalence of anticholinergic use are therapeutic issues that need to be addressed to foster evidence-based prescribing practice.
Risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) administration in deltoid muscle…. really is an improvement?
Authors: Arques S. , Arnau F. , Rubio T. , Pino A. , Iranzo C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn the treatment of psychotic disorders, any such instrument or way that could help to improve their prognosis should be valued and taken into account.ObjectivesTo determine the impact of the administration of RLAI in the deltoid, assessing patient satisfaction and acceptance, as well as efficacy and tolerability.Material and methodsProspective, naturalistic and descriptive, 20 patients with chronic psychosis treated with RLAI, performing a change in administration (gluteal to deltoid muscle).We realize 2 valuations:1Basal: demographic, clinical (PANSS, CGI, UKU, dose and duration RLAI).2Final (6 months): clinical, patient satisfaction (Questionnaire Medication Treatment Satisfaction, Visual Analogue Scale VAS).Analysis SPSS v15.0.ResultsIn subscales TSQM, punctuations very raised for deltoid: Efficiency 75, 55 %; adverse events 94, 38 %; Administration 75, 27 %; Global satisfaction 74, 64%. The VAS of satisfaction with deltoid was of 7′ 4 ± 1′ 3 (0–10).Opinion patientsless pain, adverse events and more normal (100%), more capacity decision (80%), less stigmatizing (85%).No differences in efficacy, but better tolerated.ConclusionsThe administration of the deltoid RLAI in can be a useful tool for the treatment of psychotic disorders because it can allow the patient to engage in certain therapeutic decisions (to be able to choose the way), promote adherence, may improve the perception of treatment to be associated deltoid administration to something less traumatic and stigmatizing, that is “more normal.”
Paliperidone er in an acute patient unit: A clinical profile
Authors: Arques S. , Pino M.A. , Arnau F. , Rubio T. , Iranzo C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe emergence of new antipsychotics, such as Paliperidone Extended Release, demands a constant effort on behalf of the clinics to outline an appropriate profile for those patients who may benefit more.ObjectiveTo collect clinical and social-demographic data to develop a profile of the patient who has used Paliperidone Extended Release in our hospitalisation unit.MethodThis is a naturalistic, descriptive and retrospective study; we will include 36 patients admitted to our Acute Patients Unit. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were clinical.ResultsA total of 44.4% were over the age of 40 years; positive symptoms (52.8%) and behavioural alterations (19.4%) prevailed; the most common diagnosis was schizophrenia (47.2%). A total of 61.1% of cases were associated with other APs, especially Injectable Risperidone Extended Release or antipsychotics with a sedation profile. A total of 83.3% did not require mechanical restraint, and 80.6% did not present side effects. The most common side effects were extrapyramidal symptoms. The mean duration of hospitalisation was 19.60 ± 12.07 days. The mean dose of Paliperidone Extended Release was 14.41 ± 4.83 mg/day. Initially, a dose of 13 ± 4.42 mg/day was used, while the maximum dose was 27 mg/day.ConclusionsOur experience with Paliperidone Extended Release in the hospital scope allows us to state that it is a drug with a very positive efficacy and safety-tolerability profile. Therefore, we may consider Paliperidone Extended Release a first line antipsychotic due to its contributions in different patient elements (clinical, functionality, tolerability, etc.)