bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Social Influences Contribute to Occupational Differences in Quitting Smoking and Attitudes toward Quitting?
Authors: Sorensen Glorian , Emmons Karen , Stoddard Anne M. , Linnan Laura , Avrunin Jill 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine occupational differences in social influences supporting quitting smoking and their relationships to intentions and self-efficacy to quit smoking and to quitting. Design. Data were collected as part of a large worksite cancer prevention intervention trial. Setting. Forty-four worksites. Subjects. Subjects included 2626 smokers from a total baseline survey sample of 11,456 employees (response rate = 63%). Measures. Differences by job category in social support for quitting, pressure to quit smoking, rewards for quitting, and nonacceptability of smoking were measured using mixed model analysis of variance and the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test. Their association to self-efficacy, intention to quit, and quitting smoking was assessed using mixed model analysis of variance and linear logistic regression modeling. Results. Compared with other workers, blue-collar workers reported less pressure to quit ( p = .0001), social support for quitting ( p = .0001), and nonacceptability of smoking among their coworkers ( p < .001). Intention to quit was associated with higher levels of social pressure to quit smoking ( p = .0001) and social support for quitting ( p = .002). Self-efficacy was associated with social pressure to quit ( p = .0001), social support for quitting ( p = .004), and perceiving greater rewards for quitting ( p = .0001). Conclusions. Although these results are limited somewhat by response and attrition rates, these results suggest that differing social environments may contribute to the differences by occupational category in smoking prevalence and smoking cessation.
An Adolescent Age Group Approach to Examining Youth Risk Behaviors
Authors: Oman Roy F. , McLeroy Kenneth R. , Vesely Sara , Aspy Cheryl B. , Smith David W. , Penn David A. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To investigate relationships among youth risk behaviors and demographic factors using an adolescent age group approach. Design. Cross-sectional data from a randomly selected population. Risk behaviors were compared within specific demographic factors and by adolescent age groups. Setting. Racially diverse, inner-city neighborhoods in two midwestern cities. Subjects. Teenagers (n = 1350) and parents (n = 1350) of the teenagers. Measures. Truancy; arrested/picked up by police; weapon carrying; fighting; sexual intercourse; tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use; demographic factors; and family structure. Results. Youth mean age was 15.4 (±1.7) years and 52% were female; racial/ethnic characteristics were 47% White, 22% Black, 19% Hispanic, and 10% Native American. Parents' mean age was 42.2 (±8.4) years and 81% were female. χ2 analyses indicated numerous significant (p < .05) youth risk behavior differences within the demographic factors and that many of the differences varied by adolescent age group. For example, risk behavior differences within racial/ethnic groups were most profound in the middle and older age groups, whereas risk behavior differences within parent income, education levels, and family structure were most apparent in the younger age groups. Of the demographic factors, family structure was most frequently associated with the risk behaviors. Conclusions. The results generally suggest that the relationships among risk behaviors and demographic factors vary within the adolescent age groups included in this study. The results will be useful for developing age-appropriate prevention programs for youth who fit the profile for these risk behaviors. The study protocol also includes specific sampling methods that may be useful for future studies that intend to collect data from difficult-to-reach populations.
Examination of the Temporal Relationship between Smoking and Major Depressive Disorder among Low-Income Women in Public Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Scarinci Isabel C. , Thomas Janet , Brantley Phillip J. , Jones Glenn N. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To determine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) by smoking status, and the temporal relationship between smoking and MDD, and explore other smoking-related variables that may be associated with MDD. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Public primary care clinics. Subjects. Researchers studied 338 women (76% African-Americans) who were randomly selected while attending appointments in two public primary care clinics. Measures. Data pertaining to smoking-related variables and MDD diagnosis were obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV). Results. The prevalence of a lifetime history of MDD was significantly higher for current smokers (56.6%) than among former smokers (37.5%) or never-smokers (30.3%; p < .001). Most ever-smokers (81.3%) began smoking and were nicotine-dependent (63.6%) prior to their first episode of MDD. Using logistic regression, after controlling for demographic and smoking-related variables, age of smoking onset was the strongest variable associated with MDD among ever-smokers. Specifically, the odds of having an MDD decreased by 8.2% for each year delay in smoking initiation. Conclusion. These results suggest that smoking initiation precedes MDD and that smoking is associated with a high prevalence of MDD among low-income women attending primary care clinics. Further, the younger women start smoking the more likely they are to have MDD.
Neo-Urethroclitoroplasty According to Petrovic
Authors: Trombetta Carlo , Liguori Giovanni , Benvenuto Sara , Petrovic Milos , Napoli Renata , Umari Paolo , Rizzo Michele , Zordani Alessio 
Published: November 2011

Introduction We present a refinement to our original technique in MtF gender reassignment surgery. Our goal was to construct a neoclitoris, which is wet and covered with urethral neoprepuce. Since 1995 more than 300 transgender MtF patients have been operated at our institution. Our refinement has been applied to 12 cases and showed both excellent functional and cosmetic results during midterm follow-up. Patients and Methods During 2010 several sex reassignment surgeries have been performed using our new technique that includes: bilateral orchiectomy, removal of corpora cavernosa of the penis, formation of the neourethra with neomeatus, neovaginoplasty by inversion of penoscrotal skin flaps, construction of the neoclitoris with preservation of the neurovascular bundle and exterior vulva formation. The refinement consists in creating a neoclitoris embedded in urethral mucosa using urethral flaps. These flaps are in continuity with the previously spatulated urethra. The urethral plate is further incised distally in a Y fashion. The urethral flaps are sutured around the neoclitoris to form a neourethroclitoris covered by urethral neoprepuce, which resembles a real female clitoris. The neoclitoris is positioned in the anatomical position of the male suspensory ligament of the penis that is also the natural anatomical position of the female clitoris. Results With this method we are able to construct a clitoris with a normal sensitivity embedded in urethral mucosa that remains wet and hairless. It can be easily stimulated during sexual intercourse, as most of the patients reported great satisfaction and ability to reach orgasm. Discussion We want to emphasize how both the cosmetic results and functionality of the neovagina and neoclitoris are important in this type of surgery for the quality of life of our patients. We are still far from a perfect surgical solution, but we are further improving our technique and follow our aims step by step.
A novel, structure‐tracking monte carlo algorithm for spray fluidized bed agglomeration
Authors: Dernedde Mathias , Peglow Mirko , Tsotsas Evangelos 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA stochastic modeling approach to fluidized bed agglomeration is presented. First, the fundamentals of a general Monte Carlo algorithm are discussed, namely the correlation of real with simulation time and the size of the simulation box. Two different approaches regarding the morphological description of particle structure development are then compared for different theoretical test cases. The first approach (concept of positions) is a fast and effective geometrical discretization to follow properties such as primary particle number per agglomerate throughout the simulation. The second approach is a new three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure algorithm, which allows a complete, unrestricted description of the spatial evolution of particles related to physical microprocesses. The 3‐D algorithm enables to apply distributed particle and droplet sizes, which is not possible in the concept of positions. In the perspective, the structural growth of particles can be connected to process conditions, opening new possibilities for process and product design. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3016–3029, 2012
Child size and household characteristics in rural Timor‐Leste
Authors: Reghupathy Nadine , Judge Debra S. , Sanders Katherine A. , Amaral Pedro Canisio , Schmitt Lincoln H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives:The main objective was to determine those characteristics of the family and household that affects child health (as measured by child size for age) in the rural Ossu area of Timor‐Leste.Methods:Interviews of parents in 102 households assessed reproductive histories, the amount and type of resources available and family composition (number, sex, and age of members). Height, weight, and mid‐upper arm circumference were measured for all children in the household. To standardize for age and sex, raw measures were transformed into WHO Z scores and compared across households.Results:Children were low in both height and weight relative to international standards and older children compared with international standards more poorly than under‐fives. There was no evidence of sex difference in relative growth. The number of children in a household was negatively associated with height but not weight and positively with BMI. Children living in the villages more distant from Ossu town center had significantly lower Z scores for height than children in town. No crop or livestock indices were related to growth. Fostered children did not show growth different from biological children, but biological children in households with fostered children were slightly larger for age.Conclusions:Short stature inflates BMI and harvest season measures may have captured short‐term increases in children's energy balance. Social networks may increase child well‐being by moving children toward resource richer households. Social and cultural factors influence resource allocations among children and their health in rural Timor‐Leste. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Household food insecurity and caregiver distress: Equal threats to child nutritional status?
Authors: Hadley Craig , Tessema Fasil , Muluneh Ayalew T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives:There is considerable interest in the link between household food insecurity and child wellbeing, and the extent to which caregiver wellbeing mediates the relationship between food insecurity and child wellbeing. The aim of this was to assess these relationships among a rural population in Ethiopia.Methods:We used existing survey data from a maximum of 1,006 children under 5 years of age with matched data on household‐level data on food insecurity, caregiver distress, and asset ownership, along with other sociodemographic information. All respondents lived in a predominately rural, primarily subsistence‐based area in southwest Ethiopia. Multivariable regression models were used to test hypothesized associations.Results:Household food insecurity, distress, and socioeconomic status predicted children's weight for age and undernutrition, defined as weight for age Z (WAZ) less than −2SD from the reference median. A small portion of the household food insecurity effect was mediated by caregiver distress but these were largely independent effects. Maternal distress was associated with greater odds of a child having any illness, and any illness was associated with lower WAZ and higher odds of being undernourished. The effect of maternal distress on undernutrition was mediated by diarrhea.Conclusions:This study suggests that household food insecurity, maternal distress, and household SES are independent contributors to children's undernutrition. Our results are consistent with others but are not generally consistent with the hypothesis that maternal distress is a primary pathway through which food insecurity impacts on child nutritional wellbeing. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scale‐up and integration of alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanolic fermentation
Authors: Banerjee Goutami , Car Suzana , Liu Tongjun , Williams Daniel L. , Meza Sarynna López , Walton Jonathan D. , Hodge David B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has several attractive features as a pretreatment in the lignocellulosic biomass‐to‐ethanol pipeline. Here, the feasibility of scaling‐up the AHP process and integrating it with enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation was studied. Corn stover (1 kg) was subjected to AHP pretreatment, hydrolyzed enzymatically, and the resulting sugars fermented to ethanol. The AHP pretreatment was performed at 0.125 g H2O2/g biomass, 22°C, and atmospheric pressure for 48 h with periodic pH readjustment. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed in the same reactor following pH neutralization of the biomass slurry and without washing. After 48 h, glucose and xylose yields were 75% and 71% of the theoretical maximum. Sterility was maintained during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis without the use of antibiotics. During fermentation using a glucose‐ and xylose‐utilizing strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, all of the Glc and 67% of the Xyl were consumed in 120 h. The final ethanol titer was 13.7 g/L. Treatment of the enzymatic hydrolysate with activated carbon prior to fermentation had little effect on Glc fermentation but markedly improved utilization of Xyl, presumably due to the removal of soluble aromatic inhibitors. The results indicate that AHP is readily scalable and can be integrated with enzyme hydrolysis and fermentation. Compared to other leading pretreatments for lignocellulosic biomass, AHP has potential advantages with regard to capital costs, process simplicity, feedstock handling, and compatibility with enzymatic deconstruction and fermentation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:922–931. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Is Not Associated With an Increase Risk of Stroke or the Type and Number of Grafts: A Single‐Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lotfi Amir , Wartak Siddharth , Sethi Pradheep , Garb Jane , Giugliano Gregory R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter are the 2 most common types of dysrhythmia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We sought to explore the association between the type and quantity of bypass grafts and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with postoperative AF (POAF).Hypothesis:The type and quantity of bypass grafts is associated with POAF.Methods:We queried the Society of Thoracic Surgery National Database for CABG operations, both with and without valve procedures, performed at Baystate Medical Center between January 2002 and July 2007. We used multivariable logistic regression modeling to identify predictors of POAF and to explore the impact of AF on major adverse cardiac outcomes in this post‐CABG population.Results:A total of 3068 patients received CABG surgery, 187 (6.1%) of whom received concurrent valve replacement or repair. The incidence of POAF was 38.3%. POAF was significantly associated with readmission within 30 days (P < 0.009), increased length of stay (P << 0.0001), and a strong trend toward increased 30 day mortality (P = 0.058). There was no association between POAF and postoperative stroke (P = 0.92), graft type (P = nonsignificant) or number of grafts (P = nonsignificant).Conclusions:Patients with POAF experienced increased morbidity and mortality as demonstrated by previous studies. Neither the number of grafts nor type of grafts was associated with POAF. Furthermore, the rate of stroke was not associated with POAF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Population‐based human papillomavirus 16, 18, 6 and 11 DNA positivity and seropositivity in Chinese women
Authors: Smith Jennifer S. , Lewkowitz Adam K. , Qiao You‐Lin , Ji Jia , Hu Shangying , Chen Wen , Zhang Rong , Liaw Kai Li , Esser Mark , Taddeo Frank J. , Pretorius Robert G. , Belinson Jerome L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo optimize HPV vaccination implementation at the population‐level in China, data are needed on age‐specific HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 prevalence. This cross‐sectional, population‐based study evaluated the age‐ and type‐specific HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 prevalence of DNA and serum antibodies among women in China. From July 2006 to April 2007, 17–54 year old women from three rural provinces (Xinjiang, Shanxi and Henan) and two cities (Beijing and Shanghai) provided cervical exfoliated cells for HPV DNA and liquid‐based cervical cytology (SurePath). High‐ and low‐risk HPV types were detected with HC‐II (Qiagen), with genotyping of HPV‐positive samples using Linear Array (Roche). HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 serum antibodies were detected using a Luminex‐based, competitive immunoassay (Merck). A total of 4,206 women with DNA and serum antibody results were included. HPV 16 DNA prevalence peaked in women aged 30–34 (4.2%) and 45–49 yr (3.8%), while HPV 18 DNA prevalence peaked at ages 40–44 yr (1.3%). Most women were dually DNA and serum antibody negative: HPV 16 (92.2%), 18 (97.2%), HPV 16 and 18 (90.2%), 6 (92.0%), 11 (96.6%), 6 and 11(89.9%) and HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 (82.5%). Future national HPV vaccination programs in China should target younger women due to increased exposure to HPV types 16, 18, 6 and 11 with increasing age. Cumulative exposure of HPV may be underreported in this population, as cross‐sectional data do not accurately reflect exposure to HPV infections over time.
Finding a good job: Academic network centrality and early occupational outcomes in management academia
Authors: Hadani Michael , Coombes Susan , Das Diya , Jalajas David 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe impact of universalistic versus particularistic criteria on academic hiring has been receiving growing attention in recent years. Yet, most studies conducted on hiring norms in academy and management academy have ignored the impact of social capital, particularly structural social capital, a particularistic attribute, on occupational outcomes. This could lead to a partial if not misleading view of the sociology of hiring in management academy. We utilize a novel approach, focusing on academic departments' structural social capital in the form of network centrality (based on cumulative PhD exchange networks), and explore how this type of centrality impacts job seekers' occupational prestige for new academic jobs in management departments and early career quality publications. We find that although merit‐based criteria such as publications matter somewhat, academic network centrality explains significant variance in obtaining prestigious jobs. Paradoxically, we find that academic network centrality does not explain early career publications. We discuss the implications of our findings for management science. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of bare gold nanoparticles in open‐tubular CEC separations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and peptides
Authors: Řezanka Pavel , Ehala Sille , Koktan Jakub , Sýkora David , Žvátora Pavel , Vosmanská Magda , Král Vladimír , Mikšík Ivan , Čeřovský Václav , Kašička Václav 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, bare gold nanoparticles (GNPs) immobilized in the sol–gel‐pretreated fused‐silica (FS) capillary as a stationary phase for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT‐CEC) are for the first time shown to be able to separate both hydrophobic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as hydrophilic cationic antimicrobial peptides. Model mixture of four PAHs, naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene, was resolved by OT‐CEC in the GNP‐modified FS capillaries using the hydro‐organic background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 20 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7, modified with ACN at 8:2 v/v ratio. On the other hand, three synthetic analogues of an antimicrobial peptide mastoparan PDD‐B, basic tetradecapeptides INWKKLGKKILGAL‐NH2, INSLKLGKKILGAL‐NH2 and NWLRLGRRILGAL‐NH2, were separated in aqueous acidic BGEs, pH 2.1–3.1, composed of weak acids (formic and acetic) or amphoteric amino or imino acids (aspartic or iminodiacetic), utilizing the advantage of a slow reversed (anodic) EOF and slightly positive charge of the GNP‐modified FS capillary suppressing the adsorption of cationic peptides on the inner capillary wall and improving their resolution.
Graphene oxide bonded fused‐silica fiber for solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water
Authors: Xu Lili , Feng Juanjuan , Li Jubai , Liu Xia , Jiang Shengxiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel chemically bonded graphene oxide/fused‐silica fiber was prepared and applied in solid‐phase microextraction of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples coupled with gas chromatography. It exhibited high extraction efficiency and excellent stability. Effects of extraction time, extraction temperature, ionic strength, stirring rate and desorption conditions were investigated and optimized in our work. Detection limits to the six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were less than 0.08 μg/L, and their calibration curves were all linear (R2≥0.9954) in the range from 0.05 to 200 μg/L. Single fiber repeatability and fiber‐to‐fiber reproducibility were less than 6.13 and 15.87%, respectively. This novel fiber was then utilized to analyze two real water samples from the Yellow River and local waterworks, and the recoveries of samples spiked at 1 and 10 μg/L ranged from 84.48 to 118.24%. Compared with other coating materials, this graphene oxide‐coated fiber showed many advantages: wide linear range, low detection limit, and good stability in acid, alkali, organic solutions and at high temperature.