bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drilling Optimization Using New Directional Drilling Technology
Authors: Eltayeb May , Heydari Mohammad Reza , Nasrumminallah Muhammad , Bugni Michael , Edwards John Ernest , Frigui Mejdi , Nadjeh Imad , Al Habsy Hilal 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A horizontal drilling campaign in Oman required an engineering solution to address the challenges in the 8.5-in. buildup section. The challenges include high dogleg requirements with dogleg severity (DLS) of 9°/100 ft to 11°/100 ft, long reactive shale intervals, poor wellbore quality, weight transfer issues, trajectory control, hole cleaning, differential sticking, and difficulties running the liner. All of these challenges have resulted in wells being over AFE and in an extreme case, the loss of one well. The typical well plan was designed for a 12.25-in. vertical section, then an 8.5-in. build section from vertical to a 90° inclination at buildup rate of 117100 ft to the reservoir entry, followed by a 6.125-in. lateral.
A joint effort by the operator and directional drilling service provider was carried out to engineer a solution for overcoming the challenges faced by conventional steerable motor assemblies. The 12.25-in. section was drilled vertically with the motor, and the 8.5-in. section was drilled using a new fully rotating hybrid rotary steerable system (RSS). This technology was proposed to overcome all the drilling challenges with faster penetration rates compared to conventional steering assemblies, while still delivering the planned 11°/100 ft DLS while fully rotating. This solution allowed the operator to safely and efficiently drill the 8.5-in. section without issue, both while drilling and running casing, and enabled savings of 3 days from the planned AFE.
This new hybrid RSS has proven to be capable of drilling steerable motor profiles with DLS capabilities up to 17°/100 ft in full rotation. The rate of penetration in these sections is also enhanced as no sliding or tool face orientations are required.
For certain well profiles, this RSS is a step change in the industry and has facilitated steerable motor profiles to be drilled in continuous rotation at higher penetration rates.
Horizontal Underbalanced Drilling Technology Successfully Applied in Field AA- Libya: Case Study
Authors: Shatwan Mohamed Ben , Qutob Hani , Vieira Paco 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Recently, underbalanced drilling (UBD) has been used with increasing frequency to minimize problems associated with invasive formation damage which often greatly reduces the productivity of oil and gas reservoirs. When properly designed and executed, the benefits of underbalanced drilling (UBD) are well recognized by the industry and there is increasing raise in interest in this technology. The benefits from UBD generally fall into two categories:
Cost reduction- including mitigation of conventional drilling problems as lost circulation, differential sticking, reduction in stimulation and cleanup costs, etc.
Value adding- including productivity improvement, increase in ultimate recovery, and real-time reservoir characterization while drilling.
Arabian Gulf oil Company (AGOCO), a major energy player in the Libyan oil industry, decided to pioneer the introduction of the new technology by embarking on a pilot project to drill 6 underbalanced horizontal wells in field AA. The Field is located in the Libyan Desert on the south east of Sirte basin. The reservoir consists of sandstone from the Early Cretaceous age. The field was first put on production in 1967. Since 1991 ESP pumps have been used for the production. The target reservoir, Member XX, is partly depleted oil bearing reservoir from the initial reservoir pressure of 3995 psi to about 2400 psi (5.3 ppg EMW). 3 out of the 6 well UBD campaign have been drilled so far. The first two wells identified the technology as an effective method to improve penetration and production rates. The third well built on the experience of the previous wells by emphasizing on minimizing formation damage and maximizing the production of the well. Another objective was the evaluation of production while the well is being drilled, eliminating the need for expensive post drilling production testing.
Enhancing Ultimate Recovery and Adding Reserves by Underbalanced Drilling Technology
Authors: Qutob Hani , Mahli Zaki , Khlaifat Abdelaziz 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The current world petroleum industry situation is that:
➢ Exploration is difficult and costs are increasing. ➢ The majority of hydrocarbons being exploited today are found in existing pressure depleted or complex and lower quality reservoirs ➢ Current oil prices are at their highest
Thus, world circumstances have forced today's petroleum industry to rethink both its operating methods and technologies aiming at improving recovery and reducing cost. It is believed that adoption of new technologies is the most important factor in adding reserves, enhancing recovery, reducing cost and increasing revenue. Underbalanced drilling technology is now seen as the way to achieve these objectives.
Buoyancy Technology Used Effectively in Casing Running Operations to Extend Lateral Stepout: Two Case Histories Detail Application Risks and Successes
Authors: Rogers Hank , Webb Earl , Strickland Derrick , Sparks Dale 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Operators today face an ever-increasing demand for locating commercial reserves and producing those reserves with attention to exploration and development costs. In addition to basic financial pressures, operators also strive to reduce the environmental impact of well construction and production operations. Extended-reach drilling technology allows operators to reach recoverable reserves that, in the past, were unreachable. Specifically, extended-reach drilling from a multipad wellsite allows significant portions of the well-construction costs to be distributed amongst multiple wells, rather than being carried by an individual wellbore. Also, the capability to drill multiple wells from a single pad reduces the environmental impact of the drilling operation.
Extending wellbore reach from a given pad depends on the location of the target formation. Depth, horizontal distance, and production type significantly affect the type of drilling program as well as the casing running operation. Casing flotation is a proven technology that has been deployed in fields around the world to extend the attainable lateral reach of the casing running operation. In many wells, the buckling limits of the casing being run, rather than insufficient hook load, prevent successful casing running operations from pushing the casing into the lateral section. In some cases, slack-off loads with small casing strings cause helical buckling and lock-up of the casing before reaching total depth.
This paper documents the use of flotation technology in several wells where casing lock-up caused by buckling limits was averted to allow successful casing running operations to be performed without the requirement of costly premium torque-shouldered connections. Detailed prejob planning and computer simulations are provided to demonstrate the limits without casing flotation and the step out achieved with it.
Applying a New Systematic and Dynamic UBD Procedures Prevented Formation Damage, Wellbore Collapse and Improved Oil Production
Authors: Berkat Ali , Mazouzi Amine , Kartobi Khelil , Dhina Okba , Qutob Hani , Barakat Naiem , Grayson Fudge , Marei Ayman 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The Hassi Massoud oil field is the largest of its kind in Algeria. The reservoir was discovered in 1956 and produces from a Cambrian-age at approximately 3400 meters depth. It produces 45°API oil from a thick Cambro-Ordovician sandstone formation.
This sandstone is extremely hard, abrasive and slow to drill. The reservoir is naturally fractured in some parts. Fractures are either open or plugged with materials such as shale, silica, anhydrite, pyrite and bitumen. Porosity is ranging from 6 to 12%. Generally, the permeability is low with a range of less than 1 to more than 100 md in open-fractures layers
Sonatrach introduced Underbalanced Drilling (UBD) primarily in an effort to improve penetration rates. However, all additional benefits obtained from UBD, such as production improvement and reservoir characterization while drilling, will be of an added value.
Well OMPZ553 is the 37th well drilled underbalanced in the Hassi Massoud field. In this well, the focus was on production improvement with minimum formation damage while the increased rate of penetration (ROP) was a secondary benefit. Another objective was the evaluation of production while the well is being drilled. This eliminates the need for expensive post drilling production testing, and also to minimize borehole instability specially when drilling in the R2 section of the drain.
In order to increase the success rate of drilling and completing this well underbalanced, Sonatrach introduced a new systematic and dynamic procedure. The new procedure consists of:
Proper UBD candidate screening Calculating the actual reservoir pressure before UB mode starts Completing the well in UB mode
This well proved to be the best UB drilled well in Hassi Massoud field in terms of reservoir benefits and characterization. The pre-job UBD candidate screening, feasibility studies and applying the new procedures proved effective in the success of this well.
This paper describes in detail the above procedure and presents the successful application of such procedure to optimize production and enhance the ultimate recovery in the Hassi Massoud field. Lessons learnt and challenges encountered will also be discussed in this paper
An Integrated Fluids Approach to Enhance Zonal Isolation in Deep Khuff Gas Producers and Injectors Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Mehtar Mohammed A. , Salman Mohammed W. , Al-Naqbi Ahmed I. , Al-Marzouqi Abdulmohsen M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Achieving long term well integrity in deep gas wells offshore Abu Dhabi has presented some unique challenges. Historically, cases of poor zonal isolations has led to pressures in annuli and even sea-bed seepages. In one case this had caused well-head movement, causing concerns about the integrity of well-head platforms and surface equipment. Corrective actions to remedy failures has cost the operator millions of dollars in addition to taking up valuable resources and rig-time.
The challenges were to ensure proper zonal isolations in these deep gas wells, where several stacked reservoirs have to be drilled prior to the target Khuff reservoir. Well-bore instability in shale formations and lost circulations into weaker, fractured carbonates presented significant complications, which seriously impacted the efforts of achieving zonal isolations in the multiple reservoirs. Thus, an integrated approach was undertaken to overcome these challenges. This encompassed well and casing design, drilling fluids formulations, cement designs, fit-for-purpose equipment, in addition to maintaining a stable well-bore and addressing the loss circulation issues that effectively raised the fracture gradients of weaker formations. The paper provides an overview of the optimization processes involved in the successful planning and execution of the wells.
The paper describes the development and application of drilling fluids for different hole sections to achieve well-bore stability as well as mitigation of lost circulation incidents. The particular fluids technique used to strengthen the weaker formations resulted in the ability to place the cement slurries in the well-bore as designed. As described in the case histories, the adaptation and application of various fluid technologies to arrive at fit-for-purpose solutions and the engineering of the total integrated drilling and cementing fluids solution was crucial in achieving the necessary zonal isolations to ensure long-term well integrity of the gas producer and injector wells.
New Product Decisions - The Process and Outcome for a Community Health System
Authors: Delp Jose , Hadaway Lynn 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To compare patient outcomes and evaluate safety features and costs associated with a new catheter system and securement dressing.
Background: The need to improve dwell times for short peripheral catheters and reduce complication rates, along with improvements in clinical practice in radiology and enhanced staff safety were driving factors leading to a change in peripheral catheters and securement systems.
Review of Relevant Literature: Several reports of catheter stabilization devices have shown improved clinical outcomes with their use. Currently available studies on this new catheter system include one small evaluation and a randomized trial comparing a traditional round hub catheter coupled with a supplemental securement device and the new catheter system with an integrated stabilization platform combined with a securement dressing. Passive safety mechanisms on peripheral catheters may produce fewer needlestick injuries than mechanisms requiring the user to activate the device.
Methods: After a learning period, the following seven months were designated the intervention period. Outcome data from the same seven-month period of the preceding year were used for comparison. The data were divided into scheduled and unscheduled restarts. Data from two hospitals are reported separately and in combination. Data from the two periods were analyzed for equivalence or noninferiority.
Results: Clinical outcomes for both periods are virtually equivalent, demonstrating that one system is not inferior to the other regarding catheter complications. However the catheter system with the integrated stabilization platform was less costly and safer due to a passive safety mechanism. Problems with high pressure injection in the radiology department were also solved with the new catheter system.
Conclusions: While any product change can be a challenging experience, we accomplished these changes in an orderly manner without negative impact on patient outcomes and reducing costs. Improvements in radiology were also attributed to these changes, along with enhanced staff safety.
Implications for Practice: The catheter designed with an integrated stabilization platform, a pre-attached extension set, and a passive safety mechanism produced benefits for radiology staff without negatively affecting patient outcomes in other clinical areas. These product changes were implemented in an organized manner and involved all stakeholders in the process.
PICC Zone Insertion Method™ (ZIM™): A Systematic Approach to Determine the Ideal Insertion Site for PICCs in the Upper Arm
Authors: Dawson Robert B. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The consequences of random PICC practice can be serious and manifest as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, catheter related bloodstream infection, and post thrombotic syndrome. Risk factors related to site selection have been well established for other central venous access devices, but not for ultrasound guided PICC insertion in the upper arm. The author presents observations of upper arm PICC insertion designated by color zones to highlight the variability of PICC practice. The author also details site risk factors associated with each color zone and proposes an ideal insertion location for upper arm ultrasound guided PICC procedures.
The PICC Zone Insertion Method (ZIM) is a proposed system design for patient safety related to PICC insertions; performed by optimizing and organizing the clinical approach. It aids in identifying the Ideal Zone for upper arm needle insertion with ultrasound guidance. The significance of a systematic approach is that it is reproducible, measurable, and as a result will reduce variation in PICC insertion practice. The ZIM combines known mechanisms for vascular access insertion site complications with a systematic measuring and ultrasound scanning process, to reduce the impact of site risk factors. The impact of thrombosis cannot be underestimated, as it will likely limit the future use of veins for life saving vascular access. This issue should not be ignored by hospitals or clinicians, in fact, systematic solutions like PICC Zone Insertion Method, should be explored and supported as part of a comprehensive approach to vascular access care.
Therapeutic Potential of Nrf2 Activators in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Zheng Hongting , Whitman Samantha A. , Wu Wei , Wondrak Georg T. , Wong Pak K. , Fang Deyu , Zhang Donna D. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVETo determine whether dietary compounds targeting NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation can be used to attenuate renal damage and preserve renal function during the course of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSDiabetes was induced in Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2−/− mice by STZ injection. Sulforaphane (SF) or cinnamic aldehyde (CA) was administered 2 weeks after STZ injection and metabolic indices and renal structure and function were assessed (18 weeks). Markers of diabetes including blood glucose, insulin, polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss were measured. Pathological alterations and oxidative damage in glomeruli were also determined. Changes in protein expression of the Nrf2 pathway, as well as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN), collagen IV, and p21/WAF1Cip1 (p21) were analyzed. The molecular mechanisms of Nrf2-mediated protection were investigated in an in vitro model using human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs).RESULTSSF or CA significantly attenuated common metabolic disorder symptoms associated with diabetes in Nrf2+/+ but not in Nrf2−/− mice, indicating SF and CA function through specific activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, SF or CA improved renal performance and minimized pathological alterations in the glomerulus of STZ-Nrf2+/+ mice. Nrf2 activation reduced oxidative damage and suppressed the expression of TGF-β1, extracellular matrix proteins and p21 both in vivo and in HRMCs. In addition, Nrf2 activation reverted p21-mediated growth inhibition and hypertrophy of HRMCs under hyperglycemic conditions.CONCLUSIONSWe provide experimental evidence indicating that dietary compounds targeting Nrf2 activation can be used therapeutically to improve metabolic disorder and relieve renal damage induced by diabetes.
Continued Reduction in the Prevalence of Retinopathy in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Downie Elizabeth , Craig Maria E. , Hing Stephen , Cusumano Janine , Chan Albert K.F. , Donaghue Kim C. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine trends in microvascular complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes between 1990 and 2009 in Sydney, Australia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used analysis of complications in 1,604 adolescents (54% female, aged 12–20 years, median duration 8.6 years), stratified by four time periods using Generalized Estimation Equations as follows: T1 (1990–1994), T2 (1995–1999), T3 (2000–2004), and T4 (2005–2009). Early retinopathy was detected using seven-field fundal photography, albumin excretion rate (AER) using timed overnight urine collections, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and peripheral nerve function using thermal and vibration threshold.

RESULTS
Retinopathy declined (53, 38, 23, and 12%; P &lt; 0.001), as did borderline elevation of AER/ACR (45, 30, 26, and 30%; P &lt; 0.001) and microalbuminuria (8, 4, 3, and 3%; P = 0.006). Multiple daily injections (MDI)/continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) use increased (17, 54, 75, and 88%; P &lt; 0.001), median HbA1c decreased (9.1, 8.9, 8.5, and 8.5%; P &lt; 0.001), and severe hypoglycemia was unchanged (6, 8, 10, and 7%; P = 0.272). Retinopathy was associated with diabetes duration (odds ratio [OR] 1.12 [95% CI 1.08–1.17]), age (1.13 [1.06–1.20]), HbA1c (1.16 [1.08–1.25]), systolic blood pressure (BP) SDS (1.31 [1.16–1.48]), socioeconomic disadvantage (1.42 [1.04–1.95]), and 1 to 2 injections per day (vs. MDI/CSII; 1.35 [1.05–1.73]); borderline AER/ACR with male sex (1.32 [1.02–1.70]), age (1.19 [1.12–1.26]), HbA1c (1.18 [1.08–1.29]), weight SDS (1.31 [1.21–1.53]), insulin dose per kilograms (1.64 [1.13–2.39]), 1 to 2 injections per day (1.41 [1.08–1.84]), and socioeconomic disadvantage (1.68 [1.23–2.31]); and microalbuminuria with age (1.14 [1.01–1.29]), HbA1c (1.20 [1.05–1.37]), diastolic BP SDS (1.76 [1.26–2.46]), and 1 to 2 injections per day (1.95 [1.11–3.41]).

CONCLUSIONS
The decline in retinopathy supports contemporary guidelines that recommend lower glycemic targets and use of MDI/CSII in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Evaluation of the Helicobacteraceae in the oral cavity of dogs
Authors: Craven Melanie , Recordati Camilla , Gualdi Valentina , Pengo Graziano , Luini Mario , Scanziani Eugenio , Simpson Kenneth W. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the Helicobacter spp present in the oral cavity of dogs and the relationship of those organisms with gastric Helicobacter spp to better define the potential for dog-human and dog-dog transmission.
Sample—Saliva and dental plaque from 28 dogs and gastric biopsy specimens from a subset of 8 dogs.
Procedures—PCR-based screening for Helicobacter spp was conducted on samples obtained from the oral cavity of 28 dogs. Comparative analysis was conducted on Helicobacteraceae 16S rDNA clone libraries from the oral cavity and stomach of a subset of 8 dogs (5 vomiting and 3 healthy) that had positive PCR results for Helicobacter spp.
Results—Helicobacteraceae DNA was identified in the oral cavity of 24 of 28 dogs. Analysis of cloned 16S rDNA amplicons from 8 dogs revealed that Wolinella spp was the most common (8/8 dogs) and abundant (52/57 [91%] clones) member of the Helicobacteraceae family in the oral cavity. Only 2 of 8 dogs harbored Helicobacter spp in the oral cavity, and 1 of those was coinfected with Helicobacter heilmannii and Helicobacter felis in samples obtained from the stomach and saliva. Evaluation of oral cavity DNA with Wolinella-specific PCR primers yielded positive results for 16 of 20 other dogs (24/28 samples were positive for Wolinella spp).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Wolinella spp rather than Helicobacter spp were the predominant Helicobacteraceae in the oral cavity of dogs. The oral cavity of dogs was apparently not a zoonotically important reservoir of Helicobacter spp that were non–Helicobacter pylori organisms.