bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galen and Hellenistic Medicine
Authors: Leith David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter will consider Galen’s engagement with the most significant Hellenistic doctors and sects in turn (Herophileans, Erasistrateans, Asclepiadeans, Pneumatists, and Empiricists), showing how the continuing influence of Hellenistic medicine, especially through contemporary disputes, shaped various aspects of his thought and self-presentation. In certain crucial respects, the Hellenistic period saw developments that established the general framework within which Galen’s medical system operated. Galen’s anatomy, physiology, pathology, epistemology, and psychology were all firmly grounded in discoveries and debates that occurred during the early Hellenistic period. Perhaps even more fundamentally, the image of Hippocrates that Galen inherited and further elaborated was essentially a Hellenistic construct. On the other hand, Galen was responding first and foremost to the state of theoretical medicine as it was in his own day, and similarly this was profoundly shaped by the continuing influence of the major Hellenistic doctors through their later adherents.
Jezebel and Jehu
Authors: Wray Beal Lissa M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the narrative characterization of Jezebel and Jehu in 1 Kgs 16:29–2 Kgs 10:36. The pairing of Jehu and Jezebel reveals them as complex characters who move beyond stereotypical roles of hero or villain. Despite Jezebel’s association with Baal worship, she is also depicted as faithful and attentive to her prophets and her house; despite Jehu’s fulfillment of the prophetic word, his use of it suggests self-serving attempts at legitimation. Both Jezebel and Jehu are portrayed in differing ways as seeking to eliminate, subvert, or control prophets and prophetic ministry. In the end, the prophetic ministry remains free of such control, and each character is undone, prophesied to death, and brought to judgment for non-Yahwistic worship practices. This is realized in the death of Jezebel and the overthrow of Jehu’s dynasty.
The Reception of the Books of Kings in Islam
Authors: Azaiez Mehdi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of the traces left by the books of Kings in the most significant Islamic corpora, i.e., the Qurʾan, ḥadīṯ, taʾrīkh, qiṣaṣ al-anbiyā’, and adab. It shows how the Qurʾanic corpus and Islamic tradition give a very limited place to the books of Kings. Although minor, connections are revealed through three major figures: David, Solomon and Elijah. Their characteristics are drawn not only from the Bible but also and mostly from Jewish and Christian postbiblical texts. While the books of Kings present a history of salvation (Israel’s disobedience and its punishment, which is accompanied by messianic hope), Islam presents the action of God through the sending of prophets.
Postcolonial\Native Readings of Kings
Authors: Havea Jione 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The books of Kings decolonize themselves. They open with a (c)old and dysfunctional King David, and Solomon comes next to enslave Israel to carry out his empire building projects in order to fulfill Yhwh’s covenant with David. Yet Solomon is praised as a wise, peacemaking king. After Solomon, the divide between Israel and Judah dominates the rest of the narrative, ending with two exiles: Israel, to Assyria, and Judah, to Babylon. Those left behind ran to Egypt. Postcolonial readings of Kings draw attention to the colonization of land, the power of scripturalization, and the afterlife of biblical images; this chapter offers native readings that celebrate the presence and wisdom of natives and that expose the dispossession and abjectification of natives. The native readings “lean on” postcolonial readings and on Kings—a collection that shows its own agendas, e.g., kingship, and afterlife, e.g., coloniality, to be cold and dysfunctional.
Realism and the Visual Arts in France and Japan
Authors: Knowles Marika Takanishi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent developments in the field of art history have chipped away at the preeminence of the “Western” narrative of realism, in which European and American realisms play a central role. Acknowledging artistic traditions from across the world has drawn attention to varieties of realism in a host of artistic traditions, many of which had little to no contact with European artistic production. While it is extremely difficult to generalize about the character of realism in the visual arts, some common subjects are the representation of contemporary urban life; the social life of the working classes, with a particular focus on agricultural workers and sex workers; and the politics of consumption. Separated by two centuries and several continents, the French impressionist Edgar Degas (1834–1917) and the Japanese woodblock artist Hishikawa Moronobu (1618–1694) both represented female sex workers soliciting clients while sitting on a terrace overlooking an urban street. The similarities and differences between these two approaches suggest that realism in the visual arts, while globally practiced, is not a uniform phenomenon. Subjects may remain the same, but beliefs about what constitutes the real can be very different.
Peripheral Realisms, War, and Catastrophe in Contemporary Iraqi Fiction
Authors: Roy Modhumita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter contributes to the ongoing debates about realism’s efficacy to textualize environmental and other catastrophes at the present time. While Amitav Ghosh (among others) has announced the demise of realism, by using Absent, Betool Khedairi’s 2004 novel about the Iraq wars as an exemplary instance, the author argues for a need to look beyond familiar textual archives to properly assess the vitality and importance of realism. Set in the context of the US invasion of and subsequent war with Iraq, Khedairi catalogues the profound costs—to city, ecology, sociality, and body—of relentless and indiscriminate bombings and prolonged sanctions. The novel provides a counternarrative to the representational density engineered by Western media of a war being conducted via “smart bombs” and “surgical strikes,” which implied a war causing minimal damage. Khedairi challenges such obfuscatory language with a strategic realism that meticulously indexes the everyday destruction of a country and a culture. Realism in Khedairi’s novel remains—to borrow an apt description from Fredric Jameson—“an active, curious, experimental, subversive” form.
Hindu-Buddhist Conversion in Nepal
Authors: Warner Cameron David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The members of the Byoma Kusuma Sangha, a branch of the Sakyapa Tibetan Buddhist lineage in Kathmandu, Nepal, consists primarily of former Hindus who have converted to Tibetan Buddhism under the leadership of their two chief teachers, Śrīdhar Rāṇā and Nārāyaṇ Prasād Rijāl. Together they have developed a course of study and pedagogical materials to translate Tibetan Buddhism into a set of practices and a philosophical worldview appropriate for their community. These teachers set out to describe why they advocate Tibetan Buddhism over contemporary Hinduism or Newari Vajrayāna Buddhism. To do so, they address the similarities of ritual practice among Hinduism, Newari Buddhism, and Tibetan Buddhism, while also articulating the differences in “Right View,” by which they mean philosophical outlook and key concepts. Their epistemological choices challenge preconceived notions and dominant paradigms in the study of religion in Nepal and the field of lived religion generally.
Techno-Scientific Truth-Making
Authors: Wagner Sarah , Lopez-Cerquera Maria Alexandra , Richardson Sarah L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into the key concepts of forensic science and the politics of recognition and argues that technoscientific truth must be understood through larger frameworks of justice and recognition. As the role of forensic science has expanded and its forms of expertise circulate, its application in post-conflict settings has gradually gained traction within the larger enterprise of transitional justice. At the same time, forensic intervention is often construed as operating outside of or beyond politics. The chapter argues, however, that forensic science is anything but apolitical since it produces and privileges particular kinds of truths. The analysis delineates three interlocking technologies of knowledge production—identification, recognition, and remembrance (or forgetting)—that underwrite a premise that finding and returning remains can stitch societies back together. Drawing on the originary case of Argentina and the politically fraught example of postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina, the chapter discusses how forensic scientific intervention in Colombia is not only politicized, but slow, incomplete, and distressingly dissatisfying as impunity festers in the very spaces marked as reparative and responsive.
The Cistercians and the Victorines
Authors: Coolman Boyd Taylor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The twelfth-century Cistercian and Victorine traditions assumed that the goal of Christian existence, begun in this life, completed in the next, is the deification of human beings. Perhaps distinctively, both traditions specify the will (voluntas), or in their preferred terminology, the affectus, i.e., the anthropological capacity to receive and to respond to divine love in kind, as the site for such deification. In short, for Cistercians like Bernard of Clairvaux and William of Saint-Thierry, and for Victorines, such as Hugh of St. Victor and Thomas Gallus, to be deified is to love as God loves. This is to possess as much as possible the image and especially the likeness (similitudo) of God. For both the Cistercian and Victorine traditions, deification has a final dimension, best described as being so identified with God as to share in God’s own loving relationship with all that is not God.
Western Vernacular Mystics
Authors: Arblaster John , Faesen Rob , Nelstrop Louise 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores deification in the writings of Western vernacular mystics. Although vernacular mysticism in the medieval West was never firmly delineated from Latin mysticism, it does constitute a new phase in the development of Western discussions of deification. Indeed, the sources are extensive. To illustrate the depth and complexity of this development, the chapter focuses on authors from within three vernaculars, all of whom make significant contributions to the theme of deification: Hadewijch and John of Ruusbroec (both writing in Middle Dutch), Marguerite Porete (writing in Picard/Old French), and Richard Rolle and Julian of Norwich (both writing in Middle English). Diverse geographically, all bear witness to the central importance of the theme of deification in the West into the Later Middle Ages.
The Pauline and Petrine Letters
Authors: Blackwell Ben C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Pauline and Petrine letters provide some of the earliest descriptions of Christian theology related to the divine-human encounter. Framing this encounter in terms of participation in God and likeness to God, these letters have been interpreted as early witnesses to the doctrine of deification. Participation in God is framed as by means of Christ and the Spirit, expressed through language like communion but also directly through personal presence. Likeness to God is often framed in terms of expressing divine attributes like incorruption, knowledge, life, and holiness, not simply in generic terms but as an embodiment of Jesus’ death and suffering and through the life-giving presence of the Holy Spirit. This transformation, best described as attributive deification, is often addressed individually (in the present noetically and morally and in the future somatically), but corporate elements, particularly through the practices of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, mediate these realities.
Cosmic very small dust grains as a natural laboratory of mesoscopic physics: Modeling thermal and optical properties of graphite grains
Authors: Amazaki Kenji , Nashimoto Masashi , Hattori Makoto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cosmic very small dust grains (VSGs) contain 100 to 10000 atoms, making them a mesoscopic system with specific thermal and optical characteristics due to the finite number of atoms within each grain. This paper focuses on graphite VSGs which contain free electrons. The energy level statistics devised by Kubo (1962, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 17, 975) are used for the first time to understand the thermal properties of free electrons in graphite VSGs. We show that the shape irregularity of the grains allows graphite VSGs to absorb or emit photons at submillimeter wavelengths or longer; otherwise, the frequency is limited to above a few THz. Additionally, we consider the decrease in Debye temperature due to the surface effect. VSGs have an extremely small volume, resulting in limited thermal energy storage, especially at low temperatures. Since a VSG is able to emit a photon with energy smaller than its internal energy, this determines the maximum frequency of the emitted photon. We develop a Monte Carlo simulation code to track the thermal history of a dust grain, considering the stochastic heating from the absorption of ambient photons and radiative cooling. This approach is applied to the interstellar environment to compute the spectral energy distributions from the interstellar graphite dust grains. The results show that graphite VSGs emit not only the mid-infrared excess emission, but also a surplus emission from submillimeter to millimeter wavelengths.
Policing child abuse in Kenya—Perspectives from the frontline
Authors: Davenport Lydia , Mutisya Mueni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Child abuse in Kenya continues to present a prominent and ongoing concern. Complicated by challenges of cultural rationalization, leading to an unclear understanding of its prevalence and typologies. This study produces insights from interviews with 20 police child protection officers in Kenya to gain previously unexplored police practitioner perspectives on the typologies and underlying causes of child abuse. Notably types of child abuse identified included intra-familial sexual abuse, exploitation, and female genital mutilation (FGM) and escalating online child abuse. Identifiable causes encompassed poverty, cultural practices, and ineffectiveness and corruption within the criminal justice system—the same areas where we are not seeing enough change. Recommendations arising as a result of the study include the necessity for intensified focus and prioritization of child abuse within Kenyan policing and wider government strategies, NGO programs that aim to alleviate poverty through life-based necessities, increased cultural sensitization, and tackling corruption.
Promotion of cardiac microtissue assembly within G-CSF-enriched collagen I-cardiogel hybrid hydrogel
Authors: Khodayari Hamid , Khodayari Saeed , Rezaee Malihe , Rezaeiani Siamak , Alipour Choshali Mahmoud , Erfanian Saiedeh , Muhammadnejad Ahad , Nili Fatemeh , Pourmehran Yasaman , Pirjani Reihaneh , Rajabi Sarah , Aghdami Naser , Nebigil-Désaubry Canan , Wang Kai , Mahmoodzadeh Habibollah , Pahlavan Sara 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tissue engineering as an interdisciplinary field of biomedical sciences has raised many hopes in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases as well as development of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiac models. This study aimed to engineer a cardiac microtissue using a natural hybrid hydrogel enriched by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a bone marrow-derived growth factor. Cardiac ECM hydrogel (Cardiogel: CG) was mixed with collagen type I (ColI) to form the hybrid hydrogel, which was tested for mechanical and biological properties. Three cell types (cardiac progenitor cells, endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts) were co-cultured in the G-CSF-enriched hybrid hydrogel to form a 3D microtissue. ColI markedly improved the mechanical properties of CG in the hybrid form with a ratio of 1:1. The hybrid hydrogel demonstrated acceptable biocompatibility and improved retention of encapsulated human foreskin fibroblasts. Co-culture of three cell types in G-CSF enriched hybrid hydrogel, resulted in a faster 3D structure shaping and a well-cellularized microtissue with higher angiogenesis compared to growth factor-free hybrid hydrogel (control). Immunostaining confirmed the presence of CD31+ tube-like structures as well as vimentin+ cardiac fibroblasts and cTNT+ human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes. Bioinformatics analysis of signaling pathways related to the G-CSF receptor in cardiovascular lineage cells, identified target molecules. The in silico-identified STAT3, as one of the major molecules involved in G-CSF signaling of cardiac tissue, was upregulated in G-CSF compared to control. The G-CSF-enriched hybrid hydrogel could be a promising candidate for cardiac tissue engineering, as it facilitates tissue formation and angiogenesis.
Early adolescent perceived friendship quality aids affective and neural responses to social inclusion and exclusion in young adults with and without adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Dauvermann Maria R , Moreno-Lopéz Laura , Vai Benedetta , González-García Nadia , Orellana Sofia , Jones Peter B , Bullmore Ed , Goodyer Ian M , van Harmelen Anne-Laura 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Friendships increase mental wellbeing and resilient functioning in young people with childhood adversity (CA). However, the mechanisms of this relationship are unknown. We examined the relationship between perceived friendship quality at age 14 after the experience of CA and reduced affective and neural responses to social exclusion at age 24. Resilient functioning was quantified as psychosocial functioning relative to the degree of CA severity in 310 participants at age 24. From this cohort, 62 young people with and without CA underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assess brain responses to social inclusion and exclusion. We observed that good friendship quality was significantly associated with better resilient functioning. Both friendship quality and resilient functioning were related to increased affective responses to social inclusion. We also found that friendship quality, but not resilient functioning, was associated with increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex responses to peer exclusion. Our findings suggest that friendship quality in early adolescence may contribute to the evaluation of social inclusion by increasing affective sensitivity to positive social experiences and increased brain activity in regions involved in emotion regulation to negative social experiences. Future research is needed to clarify this relationship with resilient functioning in early adulthood.
Impact of pelvic floor muscle training on sexual function in women affected by stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Lau Hui-Hsuan , Su Tsung-Hsien , Hwang Jiun-Chyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Pelvic floor muscle training can effectively improve pelvic floor muscle strength and activities; however, its impact on sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence remains unclear.

Aim
The study sought to investigate the impact of pelvic floor muscle training on pelvic floor muscle and sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Methods
This was a retrospective observational study involving women who visited a urogynecologic clinic at a tertiary medical center. Patients with stress urinary incontinence without pelvic organ prolapse underwent pelvic floor muscle training programs that included biofeedback and intravaginal electrostimulation. Other evaluations included pelvic floor manometry, electromyography, and quality-of-life questionnaires, including the short forms of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, Urogenital Distress Inventory, and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire.

Outcomes
Clinical characteristics, vaginal squeezing and resting pressure, maximal pelvic floor contraction, duration of sustained contraction, quality-of-life scores, and sexual function were compared between baseline and after the pelvic floor muscle training programs.

Results
There were 61 women included in the study. The mean number of treatment sessions was 12.9 ± 6.3, and the mean treatment duration was 66.7 ± 32.1 days. The short forms of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (7.7 ± 3.8 vs 1.8 ± 2.1; P &lt; .001) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (5.9 ± 4.3 vs 1.8 ± 2.0; P &lt; .001) scores significantly improved after the pelvic floor muscle training program. In addition, all pelvic floor muscle activities significantly improved, including maximal vaginal squeezing pressure (58.7 ± 20.1 cmH2O vs 66.0 ± 24.7 cmH2O; P = .022), difference in vaginal resting and maximal squeezing pressure (25.3 ± 14.6 cmH2O vs 35.5 ± 16.0 cmH2O; P &lt; .001), maximal pelvic muscle voluntary contraction (24.9 ± 13.8 μV vs 44.5 ± 18.9 μV; P &lt; .001), and duration of contraction (6.2 ± 5.7 s vs 24.9 ± 14.6 s; P &lt; .001). Nevertheless, the short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire score demonstrated no significant improvement (28.8 ± 9.7 vs 29.2 ± 12.3; P = .752).

Clinical Implications
Pelvic floor muscle training programs may not improve sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Strengths and Limitations
The strength of this study is that we evaluated sexual function with validated questionnaires. The small sample size and lack of long-term data are the major limitations.

Conclusion
Pelvic floor muscle training can improve pelvic floor muscle activities and effectively treat stress urinary incontinence; however, it may not improve sexual function.
Portugal: Overview of foundations under Portuguese tax law
Authors: Barnabé Nuno Cunha , Assis Maria Inês , Monteiro de Oliveira Joana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Portuguese Foundations are relatively new in Portuguese legal history. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the main characteristics of Portuguese Foundations as well as their legal and tax framework. The fact that Portuguese law requires foundations to necessarily have a social or public interest purpose makes these legal entities unattractive and thus, in Portugal, they are rarely used for wealth protection purposes and in family estate planning (apart from bequests for charitable purposes). However, with the increase in the number of foreigners who have become tax residents in Portugal in recent years and who are either founders or beneficiaries of foreign foundations, Portugal had inevitably to adapt and in 2015 introduced specific provisions on the taxation of income from this type of legal entity.