bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis and autophagy in rat cerebellar granule neuron death: Role of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Maycotte Paola , Guemez‐Gamboa Alicia , Moran Julio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) has been defined as an active, controlled process in which cells participate in their own demise. Apoptosis, or type I PCD, has been widely characterized, both morphologically and biochemically. More recently, autophagy, the self‐digesting mechanism involved in the removal of cytoplasmic long‐lived proteins, has been involved in cell death, and type II PCD is defined as cell death occurring with autophagic features. Neurons can undergo more than one type of PCD as a backup mechanism when the traditional death pathway is inhibited or in response to a particular death‐inducing stimulus. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be important signaling molecules in the execution of apoptosis and, more recently, in the autophagic pathway. In this work, we characterize apoptotic and autophagic cell death in rat cerebellar granule neuron (CGN) culture, a widespread model for the study of neuronal death. Potassium deprivation (K5) and staurosporine (STS) were used for death induction. We found apoptotic and autophagic features under both conditions. Caspase inhibition as well as autophagy inhibition by 3‐methyl adenine decreased cell death. Moreover, CGN can undergo the alternative type of cell death when the other one is inhibited. An antioxidant or NADPH oxidase inhibitors delayed apoptosis and had no effect in autophagic features. Thus, we found that autophagy plays a role in cell death of CGN and that, when cells are treated with K5 or STS, both autophagy and ROS seem to promote apoptosis by independent mechanisms. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carboxypeptidase E knockout mice exhibit abnormal dendritic arborization and spine morphology in central nervous system neurons
Authors: Woronowicz Alicja , Cawley Niamh X. , Chang Su‐Youne , Koshimizu Hisatsugu , Phillips Andrè W. , Xiong Zhi‐Gang , Loh Y. Peng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCarboxypeptidase E (CPE) is involved in maturation of neuropeptides and sorting of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to the regulated pathway for activity‐dependent secretion from CNS neurons. CPE knockout (CPE‐KO) mice have many neurological deficits, including deficits in learning and memory. Here, we analyzed the dendritic arborization and spine morphology of CPE‐KO mice to determine a possible correlation of defects in such structures with the neurological deficits observed in these animals. Analysis of pyramidal neurons in layer V of cerebral cortex and in hippocampal CA1 region in 14‐week‐old CPE‐KO mice showed more dendritic complexity compared with wild type (WT) mice. There were more dendritic intersections and more branch points in CPE‐KO vs. WT neurons. Comparison of pyramidal cortical neurons in 6‐ vs. 14‐week‐old WT mice showed a decrease in dendritic arborization, reflecting the occurrence of normal dendritic pruning. However, this did not occur in CPE‐KO neurons. Furthermore, analysis of spine morphology demonstrated a significant increase in the number of D‐type spines regarded as nonfunctional in the cortical neurons of CPE‐KO animals. Our findings suggest that CPE is an important, novel player in mediating appropriate dendritic patterning and spine formation in CNS neurons. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New trends and recent advances in coherent Raman microscopy and nonlinear optical spectroscopy: introduction to the special issue
Authors: Volkmer A. , Radi P. P. , Zheltikov A. M. , Zumbusch A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis special issue highlights 20 papers, presenting the latest theoretical and experimental developments and achievements in coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and nonlinear optical spectroscopy. Most of them were presented at the seventh European Conference on Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy (ECONOS 2008) jointly held with the first European Conference on CARS Microscopy (microCARS 2008) in Igls, Austria, May 25–27, 2008. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olive oil mineral content of two local genotypes as influenced by recycled effluent irrigation under arid environment
Authors: Al‐Absi Khaled M , Mohawesh Osama E 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: An alternative plan for saving scarce water could include use of non‐conventional water resources such as reclaimed wastewater originating from wastewater treatment plants. The main health risks are associated with contamination of crops by wastewater due to its chemical composition. Therefore, the effect of recycled effluent irrigation was investigated on mineral composition and quality of olive oil of two local olive cultivars under field conditions during two complete cycles.RESULTS: The treated wastewater used in this study was taken from the HUIE Wastewater Treatment Plant. This water is mainly generated by textile firms, mixed with municipal domestic effluent. The analysis of the effluent indicated that element concentrations fall within the permissible range in irrigation water used for plants. The concentrations of mineral composition were relatively higher in olive oils irrigated with treated wastewater but lower than the maximum permissible concentration. Concentrations ranged from 8.91 to 26.16 mg kg−1 for Ca; 6.25–16.11 mg kg−1 for Na, 53.20–111.76 mg kg−1 for K, 0.19–0.36 mg kg−1 for Zn, 0.97–1.46 mg kg−1 for Mn and 0.07–0.13% for Cl. No statistically significant differences were found between the oil quality indices (peroxide and acidity).CONCLUSION: These results indicate that this kind of effluent is suitable for irrigation of olive genotypes grown for oil purposes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Thienyl analogues of acyclic monoterpene alcohols and their biological activity
Authors: Bonikowski Radosław , Sikora Magdalena , Kula Józef , Kunicka Alina 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Thienyl analogues of linalool, geraniol, nerol and citronellol were synthesised and their sensory and anti‐ microbial activities were investigated.RESULTS: The thienyl analogues of linalool, geraniol, nerol and citronellol, in which the isobutenyl moiety was replaced by a thiophene substituent, were synthesised from commercially available 2‐ and 3‐methylthiophenes and 2‐ and 3‐thiophenecarboxaldehydes. The olfactory properties of the new compounds were generally of the corresponding parent terpene type; however, their relative volatility determined by the headspace gas chromatography method was lower by a factor of 34–42 compared with the parent alcohols. Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum of some thienyl analogues of linalool was 1.5–3 times higher than that of linalool, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.2–0.1 µL mL−1.CONCLUSION: Replacement of the isobutenyl moiety in acyclic monoterpene alcohols by a thienyl substituent results in the formation of new terpene analogues, some of which are interesting for perfumery and cosmetology because of their odour quality, tenacity and antimicrobial action. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison between monolithic and particle‐packed platinum C18 columns in HPLC determination of acidic and basic test mixtures
Authors: Atia Noha N. , York Peter , Clark Brian J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHerein we report the results of a comparative study on the performance of Monolithic RP‐18e and Platinum C18 3 μm columns for isocratic separation of acidic and basic test compounds. The inter‐ and intraday precision of different practical parameters including number of theoretical plates (N), capacity factor (K′), tailing factor (T0.05), and resolution (Rs) were determined for both columns. Two different production batches were used for each column and batch to batch reproducibility of both columns was evaluated. The column backpressure drop over flow rate range 0.5–2 mL/min at the monolithic columns was two‐ to three‐times lower than that on the platinum column without loss of the column efficiency. The plate heights were used to estimate the columns efficiency using Van Deemter plots. Both types of columns were able to separate the tested compounds well with sufficient resolution and peak symmetry but they differ in the analysis time and column backpressure, significantly. Monolithic column was more convenient as it enables the analytical run under low backpressure at shorter time with sufficient separation efficiency.
Purification of large plasmids with methacrylate monolithic columns
Authors: Krajnc Nika Lendero , Smrekar Franci , Černe Jasmina , Raspor Peter , Modic Martina , Krgovič Danijela , Štrancar Aleš , Podgornik Aleš 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe rapid evolution of gene therapy and DNA vaccines results in an increasing interest in producing large quantities of pharmaceutical grade plasmid DNA. Most current clinical trials involve plasmids of 10 kb or smaller in size, however, future requirements for multigene vectors including extensive control regions may require the production of larger plasmids, e. g., 20 kb and bigger. The objective of this study was to examine certain process conditions for purification of large plasmids with the size of up to 93 kb. Since there is a lack of knowledge about production and purification of bigger plasmid DNA, cell lysis and storage conditions were investigated. The impact of chromatographic system and methacrylate monolithic column on the degradation of plasmid molecules under nonbinding conditions at different flow rates was studied. Furthermore, capacity measurements varying salt concentration in loading buffer were performed and the capacities up to 13 mg of plasmid per mL of the monolithic column were obtained. The capacity flow independence in the range from 130 to 370 cm/h was observed. Using high resolution monolithic column the separation of linear and supercoiled isoforms of large plasmids was obtained. Last but not least, since the baseline separation of RNA and pDNA was achieved, the one step purification on larger CIM DEAE 8 mL tube monolithic column was performed and the fractions were analyzed by CIM analytical monolithic columns.
Molecular resonance vs. coblation tonsillectomy in children
Authors: D'Eredità Riccardo , Bozzola Loredana 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground:Quantum molecular resonance coagulation is an innovative technology that uses molecular resonance to cut and coagulate precisely, cleanly, and hemostatically at low tissue temperature levels. This technology offers a new possibility for tonsillectomy.Objectives:To compare molecular resonance (MRT) with coblation (CAT) devices for pediatric tonsillectomy.Study Design:Prospective, two‐group, randomized trial in a tertiary care pediatric institution. One hundred fifty‐seven children for whom tonsillectomy was indicated were randomly assigned to receive MRT (n = 79) or CAT (n = 78). Main outcome measures included intraoperative time, blood loss, postoperative pain, and weight loss. Histopathologic examination was performed on all excised tonsils. Patients, parents, and pathologist were blinded to surgical modality.Results:Histopathologic evaluation revealed significantly reduced thermal injury with MRT than with CAT (43 microns vs. 126, respectively, P < .001), and was statistically associated with reduced muscular, blood vessel, and nerve fiber damage. No intraoperative blood loss was observed in patients following MRT. Statistically significant reduced pain scores were related to the MRT (P < .002). In addition, the MRT method showed a quick return to normal diet with even weight gain during the 10‐day postoperative period. One child in the CAT group experienced delayed bleeding and required readmission.Conclusions:Molecular resonance for pediatric tonsillectomy resulted in significantly reduced histopathologic thermal injury and lower pain scores compared with coblation. Further studies are advised to support these data. Laryngoscope, 2009
Does annual temperature influence the prevalence of otolaryngologic respiratory diseases?
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Determine if increasing annual temperature is associated with an increase in the prevalence of otolaryngologic respiratory diseases.Study Design:Cross‐sectional study.Methods:Patients and disease variables were extracted from the National Health Interview Survey for the calendar years 1998 to 2006 adult sample. Corresponding average annual temperature statistics were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center. The disease prevalences of hay fever, sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, and jaw/face pain (control group) were determined and tabulated according to mean annual temperature and compared graphically. Regression analysis for disease prevalence according to mean annual temperature was conducted.Results:A total of 851,584 adults were sampled with a mean age of 35.7 years and a male:female ratio of 0.93:1. The overall disease prevalences for the disease conditions across all years of the study were (±95% confidence interval): hay fever (9.2% ± 0.1%), sinusitis (15.0% ± 0.2%), chronic bronchitis (4.5% ± 0.1%) and pain in jaw/front of ear (4.5% ± 0.1%). Regression analysis did not find a significant relationship between average annual temperature and the prevalence of disease for hay fever, jaw pain, or chronic bronchitis. A statistically significant but small regression coefficient (0.004) was noted for an increasing prevalence of sinusitis with increasing annual temperature (P = .031).Conclusions:Changes in mean annual temperature did not influence the prevalence of hay fever but did influence the prevalence of sinusitis over a 9‐year period. Given the strong prevalence of hay fever and sinusitis, the effect of global warming on the otolaryngologic disease deserves continued epidemiologic surveillance. Laryngoscope, 2009
On‐chip single photon sources using planar photonic crystals and single quantum dots
Authors: Yao P. , Manga Rao V.S.C. , Hughes S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe review the basic light‐matter interactions and optical properties of chip‐based single photon sources, that are enabled by integrating single quantum dots with planar photonic crystals. A theoretical framework is presented that allows one to connect to a wide range of quantum light propagation effects in a physically intuitive and straightforward way. We focus on the important mechanisms of enhanced spontaneous emission, and efficient photon extraction, using all‐integrated photonic crystal components including waveguides, cavities, quantum dots and output couplers. The limitations, challenges, and exciting prospects of developing on‐chip quantum light sources using integrated photonic crystal structures are discussed.
Novel UV‐Absorbing Nitrones: Synthesis and 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition onto Poly(urethane)s
Authors: Bietz Jens , Ritter Helmut 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUV‐absorbing nitrones based on 4‐hydroxybenzophenone and stilbene were synthesized by condensation of derivatives of benzaldehyde with N‐methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride and could be characterized by IR, NMR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy and MS‐EI spectrometry. The ability of the synthesized compounds to undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition was observed by treatment of an unsaturated, soluble, oligo(urethane) with the new nitrones. The conversion could be determined by IR and NMR spectroscopy and GPC measurements. Additionally the conversion of the nitrones with fumaric acid diethyl ester, as a model compound, could be verified and analyzed by UV and NMR spectroscopy.magnified image
Lokale Hochverformung zur Erzeugung von ultrafeinkörnigen Zonen
Authors: Neugebauer R. , Putz M. , Bergmann M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDie Verfahren der Severe Plastic Deformation sind geeignet, Halbzeuge mit einer über den gesamten Querschnitt homogenen ultrafeinkörnigen Mikrostruktur herzustellen. Eine Alternative ist die Einstellung von ultrafeinkörnigen Zonen bzw. eines Gradienten der Korngröße. Durch Betrachtung von Verfahren zur Herstellung ultrafeinkörniger Werkstoffe und des Walkeffektes bei zyklischer Umformung, wird auf eine Eignung inkrementeller Massivumformverfahren geschlossen. Das Bohrungsdrücken wird hinsichtlich der Ausbildung ultrafeinkörniger Zonen untersucht. In Versuchen wird die Feinkörnung in den zyklisch verformten Bauteilregionen untersucht.
Experimentelle und phänomenologische Beschreibung des mechanischen Verhaltens der Aluminiumlegierung EN AW‐7075 nach großer plastischer Vorverformung
Authors: Shutov A. , Hockauf K. , Halle T. , Kreißig R. , Meyer L.W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDer Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen liegt in der Ermittlung der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Aluminiumlegierung EN AW‐7075 nach mehrmaligem Ecapieren. Zunächst wurde eine Reihe von einachsigen Experimenten bei monotoner und zyklischer Belastung durchgeführt. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse dienen als Basis für die Identifikation der Parameter eines Materialmodells der finiten Viskoplastizität.
Innovative Lösungsansätze für das Fügen von AMCs
Authors: Wielage B. , Hoyer I. , Weis S. , Grund Th. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDer Einsatz von Aluminiummatrix‐Verbundwerkstoffen (AMC) in Strukturbauteilen erfordert geeignete Fügetechnologien. Ein wichtiger Aspekt dabei ist die Erhaltung des eingestellten Eigenschaftsprofils der Verbundwerkstoffe während des Fügeprozesses. Besonders kritisch ist die thermische Belastung des Grundwerkstoffs in Folge des prozessbedingten Wärmeeintrags. Um diesen gering zu halten, sind niedrigschmelzende Lote und angepasste Fügeverfahren notwendig.Durch die Kombination eines Ultraschall‐ und Induktions‐Prozesses bieten sich mehrere Vorteile. Zum einen wird durch die Ultraschalleinleitung eine Zerrüttung der Oberflächenoxide und damit eine Benetzung der Fügeflächen ohne die Verwendung von Flussmitteln erreicht. Zum anderen sind durch eine lokale induktive Erwärmung sehr kurze Fügezeiten realisierbar, so dass der Wärmeeintag in die zu fügenden Grundwerkstoffe auf ein Mindestmaß reduziert werden kann. Eine wichtige Rolle für die erreichbaren Verbindungsfestigkeiten spielt dabei die Applikationsform der Lote. Ausgewählte Versuchsergebnisse zeigen die Vor‐ und Nachteile verschiedener Varianten.
Reliable H∞ filter design for a class of discrete‐time nonlinear systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Guo Xiang‐Gui , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the reliable H∞ filtering problem against sensor failures for a class of discrete‐time systems with simultaneous sector‐bounded nonlinearities and time‐varying delay. The purpose of the paper is to design a filter such that the filtering error systems are asymptotically stable and meet the prescribed H∞ norm constraint in normal case as well as in sensor failure case. Sufficient delay‐dependent conditions for the existence of such a filter are obtained by using appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and linear matrix inequality techniques. Moreover, we adopt the slack variable method to realize the decoupling between the Lyapunov matrix and the system dynamic matrices, which makes us enable to adopt different Lyapunov matrices for the normal and the sensor failure cases, respectively. Numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of governance on education inequality: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Al‐Samarrai Samer 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBangladesh has made remarkable progress in increasing education access in the last 20 years. However, substantial inequalities in educational attainment remain even though equity in education is a central government objective. The article argues that weaknesses in education sector governance are crucial to understanding these persistent inequalities. At the level of the budget, anti‐poor biases in allocation decisions are shown to be the result of the budget's role in political management and the lack of effective accountability mechanisms. The spearhead of government attempts to address education inequality at the primary level has been the conditional cash transfer programme for poor children. The article shows that the programme has failed to target the poor and suggests that this has been due to the weaknesses and contradictions in the governance of the programme. Strengthening the links between policy and implementation through improvements in the governance of the sector are crucial if inequality is to be addressed and national education goals achieved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint sector reviews—M&E experiments in an era of changing aid modalities: Experiences from JSRs in the education sectors of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger
Authors: Holvoet Nathalie , Inberg Liesbeth 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAid policy and practice have been thoroughly shaken up over the past few years. One of the reform areas relates to monitoring and evaluation (M&E). In short, aid recipients are asked to elaborate result‐oriented frameworks while donors are expected to harmonise and align their policies and frameworks. This article examines the extent to which joint sector reviews (JSRs) could take the M&E reform agenda forward. JSRs are M&E exercises at the sector level which have the potential to satisfy the M&E needs of various stakeholders while, at the same time, also contributing to the M&E reform agenda. They are increasingly utilised on the ground, yet, so far, there do not exist any systematic stocktakings and/or analyses of them. Our own analysis of a sample of JSRs from the education sectors of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger indicate that JSRs score highly on harmonisation, coordination, leadership and broad‐based participation, but poorly on alignment. They generally prioritise accountability over learning needs and largely neglect accountability and learning at the level of the sector institutional apparatus. In this article, findings from the field are contrasted with insights from evaluation theory and practice so as to provide suggestions for on the ground JSR improvements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful treatment with daclizumab of refractory anaplastic lymphoma
Authors: Costa Vítor , Oliva Teresa , Norton Lucília 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a relatively rare and highly malignant form of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) which accounts for 10–15% of these childhood lymphomas. Current treatment protocols for ALCL in children consist of a short course of high intensity polychemotherapy. Here we describe an 8‐year‐old female with relapsed ALCL who achieved good response with anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibody daclizumab. Daclizumab appears to offer a safe treatment option, but further research needs to be conducted in order to define its role in children with ALCL who do not respond to intensive chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1130–1131. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface Modification with Pressure Pulse Plasmas
Authors: Holländer Andreas , Kröpke Stefan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn plasma treatments, the process gas is usually fed into the chamber in a more or less continuous way. The pulsing of the process gas can provide new opportunities. Some of them are explored in this paper. The interrupted or alternating process gas flux can help in mixing the sample in an activation treatment of a polyethylene powder. If the pores are not too small, a pressure pulse can help to improve the oxidation inside a porous polyolefin material. A plasma polymerization of ethene or allylamine can be more efficient if the timing of a plasma power pulse and the monomer pulse is optimized. Radicals are formed in the surface during the plasma pulse and these radicals initiate a polymerization of the monomer at a higher pressure.magnified image