bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and properties of hemp fabric treated with chitosan and dyed with mixed epoxy‐modified silicone oil
Authors: Zhang H. , Zhang L. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTo enhance the color yield and improve the soft handle, hemp fabrics were treated with chitosan of molecular weight 4200 and degree of deacetylation 0.90, and then dyed using Remazol Brillant Blue R with mixed epoxy‐modified silicone oil in different volume ratios. The structural changes in hemp fibers were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope, FTIR, TG, DSC, and XRD. The properties of tensile, bending, dyeing, and color fastness for hemp fabric were also studied. The results showed that when compared with the untreated hemp fiber, the thermal performance of chitosan/silicone oil‐modified hemp fiber changed and the percent residual weight increased in the range of temperature 25–550°C. The crystal grain size decreased and the degree of crystallization increased. For chitosan/silicone oil‐treated hemp fabric, the flexural stiffness and tensile properties degraded. The maximum color yield (K/S value) was obtained when the volume ratio of dyeing liquor to silicone oil was 2 : 1. The color fastnesses to rubbing and wet scrubbing were also improved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Crystallization behavior and UV‐protection property of PET‐ZnO nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization
Authors: He Junqing , Shao Wei , Zhang Ling , Deng Chao , Li Chunzhong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the crystallization behavior and UV‐protection property of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)‐ZnO nanocomposits. PET‐ZnO nanocomposites containing 0.5–3.0 wt % of ZnO were successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization. The Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the silane coupling agent was anchored onto the surface of ZnO. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed ZnO particles were dispersed homogeneously in PET matrix with amount of 0.5–1.0 wt %. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results exhibited that the incorporation of ZnO into PET resulted in increase of the melting transition temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) of PET‐ZnO nanocomposites. The crystallization behavior of PET and PET‐ZnO nanocomposites was strongly affected by cooling rate. ZnO nanoparticles can act as an efficient nucleating agent to facilitate PET crystallization. UV–vis spectrophotometry showed that UV‐ray transmittance of PET‐ZnO nanocomposites decreased remarkably and reached the minimum value of 14.3% with 1.5 wt % of ZnO, compared with pure PET whose UV‐ray transmittance was 84.5%. PET‐ZnO nanocomposites exhibited better UV‐protection property than pure PET, especially in the range of UVA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polymer crystallization and precipitation‐induced wrapping of carbon nanofibers with PBT
Authors: Mago Gaurav , Kalyon Dilhan M. , Fisher Frank T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) have attracted significant interest because of their excellent mechanical, electrical, and physical properties. Recent advances in chemical functionalization strategies are anticipated to extend their utility in various applications. In this study, noncovalent methods of CNF functionalization utilizing solution crystallization and precipitation techniques were used to create hybrid nanostructures consisting of CNFs and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). Key to this study is the finding thato‐chlorophenol can be used as a suitable solvent to dissolve PBT to generate these nanostructures. PBT crystallization was documented via wide‐angle X‐ray analysis and differential scanning calorimetry and was due to the nucleation effect of the CNFs. The sizes of the PBT crystals could be manipulated by altering the polymer concentration. The solution crystallization and precipitation techniques provide an alternative strategy to alter and control the nanostructure/polymer interface. The resulting nanohybrid structures may potentially find use in a broad range of applications including electronic devices, sensors, and as reinforcing agents in a polymer matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of water on inorganic acids doped polyaniline
Authors: Ayad Mohamad M. , Zaki Eman. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBased on gravimetric measurements, the effect of water on thin films of inorganic acids doped polyaniline (PANI) was developed. The starting point was the fact that PANI coating on the electrode of quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) showed significant frequency shifts under exposure to liquid water. The changes in the frequency as a function of treatment time in water were quantitatively measured. These changes suggested that the mass decreases under water exposure were due to dopant ions release. The data have been collected using doped PANI films with HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4. For PANI‐HCl upon immersion in water showed rapid mass loss followed by slow kinetically dopant ions release with time. However, PANI‐H3PO4 and PANI‐H2SO4 showed a slow kinetically release out of the film immediately upon immersion in water. The release process was well described by Fickian diffusion process. The diffusion coefficients (D) were determined and found to be dependent on the acid dopant utilized. They varied within the range of (1.68–14.7) × 10‐14 cm2/s. This work presented an attempt to find a simple method based on the QCM for investigating the diffusion of dopant ions out of thin PANI films upon immersion in water and determining D. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of dynamic shear on the microcellular foaming of polypropylene/high‐density polyethylene blends
Authors: Zhang Ping , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Yang Yong , Zhou Nanqiao 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDynamic shear in the axial direction of a rotor was vertically superposed on the melt flow direction, and its effects on the shear rate and melt strength were investigated theoretically. Polypropylene/high‐density polyethylene blends were microcellularly foamed with different vibration parameters. The experimental results were compared with those of a theoretical analysis, and the effects of dynamic shear on the foamability and ultimate cell structure were analyzed in detail. The theoretical results showed that the shear rate and melt strength increased with an increase in the vibration amplitude and frequency. The enhanced melt strength could effectively restrict cell growth, prevent cell rupture, and improve foamability. The experimental results showed that the cell orientation decreased and the cell structure was improved when axial dynamic shear induced by rotor vibrations was superposed on the melt flow direction. Furthermore, the cell diameter decreased and the cell density increased with increases in the vibration amplitude and frequency. The experimental results were very consistent with the theoretical analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthetic tannins structure by MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopy
Authors: Giovando S. , Pizzi A. , Pasch H. , Rode K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe structure, polymeric nature, and oligomers distribution of six types of commercial synthetic tannins (syntans) were determined by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The syntans examined were: (i) polycondensation oligomers of sulfonated phenol and 4,4′‐dioxydiphenylsulfone with formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite; (ii) sodium salts of polycondensation oligomers of phenol and sulfonated phenol with formaldehyde and urea; (iii) sodium salts of polycondensation oligomers of sulfonated phenol with formaldehyde and urea; (iv) sodium and ammonium salts of polycondensation oligomers of sulfonated naphtalene with formaldehyde; and (v) a sulfonated phenolic novolak resin. The oligomers distribution indicated that the relative abundance of oligomers from trimer to higher degrees of polymerization varied from 70% to more than 90% according to the different syntans tested. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Cure kinetics and thermal properties of tetramethylbiphenyl epoxy resin/phthalazinone‐containing diamine/hexa(phenoxy)cyclotriphophazene system
Authors: Zhang Xinghong , Zhou Boxuan , Sun Xueke , Qi Guorong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInherently flame retardant epoxy resin is a kind of halogen‐free material for making high‐performance electronic materials. This work describes an inherently flame retardant epoxy system composed of 4,4′‐diglycidyl (3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbiphenyl) epoxy resin (TMBP), 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐4‐(4‐(4‐aminophenoxy) phenyl) (2H) phthalazin‐1‐one (DAP), and hexa(phenoxy) cyclotriphophazene (HPCTP). The cure kinetics of TMBP/DAP in the presence or absence of HPCTP were investigated using isoconversional method by means of nonisothermal differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Kinetic analysis results indicated that the effective activation energy (Eα) decreased with increasing the extent of conversion (α) for TMBP/DAP system because diffusion‐controlled reaction dominated the curing reaction gradually in the later cure stage. TMBP/DAP/HPCTP(10 wt %) system had higher Eα values than those of TMBP/DAP system in the early cure stage (α < 0.35), and an increase phenomenon of Eα ∼ α dependence in the later cure stage (α ≥ 0.60) due to kinetic‐controlled reaction in the later cure stage. Such complex Eα ∼ α dependence of TMBP/DAP/HPCTP(10 wt %) system might be associated with the change of the physical state (mainly viscosity) of the curing system due to the introduction of HPCTP. These cured epoxy resins had very high glass transition temperatures (202–235°C), excellent thermal stability with high 5 wt % decomposition temperatures (>340°C) and high char yields (>25.6 wt %). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Structural test of precast polymer concrete
Authors: Ahn Namshik , Park Do Kyong , Lee Jaehong , Lee Myung Kue 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study was performed to check the feasibility of concrete polymer manhole through a development test of high strength polymer concrete and prepare fundamental data for design to solve the problems of the existing cement concrete manhole. The lower absorption capacity (0.39%) of polymer concrete will be more advantageous in installing manhole in an area with subsurface water. Also long working‐life (63 minutes) will be enough to establish manholes. Conclusively, the high strength polymer concrete that is the most important issue in development of polymer concrete manhole could be made. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Chemical sensing materials II: Electrically conductive peroxide crosslinked SEBS copolymers systems
Authors: Pavlovsky S. , Siegmann A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemical sensing materials based on electrically conductive styrene–ethylene butylene–styrene (SEBS) triblock‐copolymers systems were investigated. Systems based on crosslinked rather than thermoplastic SEBS systems can be exposed to a wide range of chemical environments. Composites of SEBS containing various amounts of CB and Varox DBPH (peroxide crosslinking agent) were prepared by blending at relative low temperatures, limiting the peroxide activation, and then compression molding at elevated temperatures. Samples containing CB at a level near the corresponding percolation threshold were used for the sensing experiments. Structure characterization included crosslink level and density, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and calorimetry (DSC). The crosslinked SEBS composites exhibit large reversible changes in conductivity on exposure to various solvents and air drying cycles The observed electrical conductivity changes on solvent sorption/desorption is based on the polymer reversible swelling, resulting in breakdown and reconstruction of conductive CB networks, respectively. Sensing performance depends mainly on the solvents solubility parameter and volatility. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Fluid flow modeling in a sulfonated cation‐exchange membrane
Authors: Villaluenga Juan P. G. , Barragán V. María , Izquierdo–Gil M. Amparo , Godino M. Paz , Seoane Benjamin , Ruiz–Bauzá Carlos 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLiquid permeation measurements of water, methanol, and 2‐propanol were carried out using a commercial cation‐exchange membrane Nafion‐117 (perfluorinated polyethylene with pendant ether‐linked side chains terminated with sulfonated groups). The experimental permeation data are treated and analyzed using the capillary model, leading to the determination of equivalent pore radius of the membrane structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Conformationally Constrained Analogs of N‐Substituted Piperazinylquinolones: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of N‐(2,3‐Dihydro‐4‐hydroxyimino‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐yl)‐piperazinylquinolones
Authors: Emami Saeed , Foroumadi Alireza , Samadi Nasrin , Faramarzi Mohammad A. , Rajabalian Saeed 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA series of novel quinolone agents bearing a particular bulky and conformationally constrained bicyclic substituent (2,3‐dihydro‐4‐hydroxyimino‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐yl‐ moiety) on the piperazine ring of 7‐piperazinyl quinolones (norfloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin) were synthesized and evaluated against a panel of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Among these derivatives, ciprofloxacin counterpart 9c, highly inhibited the tested Gram‐positive bacteria, superior to that of the reference drugs, and displayed antibacterial activity at non‐cytotoxic concentrations.
Discovery and Potency Optimization of 2‐Amino‐5‐arylmethyl‐1,3‐thiazole Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Krasavin Mikhail , Karapetian Ruben , Konstantinov Igor , Gezentsvey Yuri , Bukhryakov Konstantin , Godovykh Elena , Soldatkina Olga , Lavrovsky Yan , Sosnov Andrei V. , Gakh Andrei A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new chemical series was identified via high‐throughput screening as having antiproliferative activity on DU‐145 human prostate carcinoma cell line (hit compound potency – 2.9 μM). Medicinal chemistry optimization of two peripheral diversity vectors of the hit molecule, independently, led to SAR generalizations and identification of the ‘best’ moieties. The latter were merged in a single compound that exhibited an over 100‐fold better potency than the hit compound. For the most potent compounds it was confirmed that the observed antiproliferative potency was not associated with the compounds' non‐specific cytotoxicity.
Image indexing in article component databases
Authors: Gelernter Judith 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt is often necessary to compare data‐rich charts, tables, diagrams, or drawings rather than the articles that contextualize that data. The objective of this research has been to create a database of non‐textual components (here, maps) that are searchable independently of the articles from which they are taken, with the option to view the source articles. The method mines words from the articles that are near or associated with each component map, and these mined words become the basis of region, time, and subject indexing. The evaluation showed that automatic indexing of the component maps by these three facets works well, and indicates that a large‐scale component database following this model is viable.
Fractionalized counting of publications for the g‐Index
Authors: Schreiber Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractL. Egghe (2008) studied the h‐index (Hirsch index) and the g‐index, counting the authorship of cited articles in a fractional way. But his definition of the gF‐index for the case that the article count is fractionalized yielded values that were close to or even larger than the original g‐index. Here I propose an alternative definition by which the g‐index is modified in such a way that the resulting gm‐index is always smaller than the original g‐index. Based on the interpretation of the g‐index as the highest number of articles of a scientist that received on average g or more citations, in the specification of the new gm‐index the articles are counted fractionally not only for the rank but also for the average.
The behaviors of metal ions in the CdTe quantum dots–H2O2 chemiluminescence reaction and its sensing application
Authors: Sheng Zonghai , Han Heyou , Liang Jiangong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe behaviors of 15 kinds of metal ions in the thiol‐capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs)–H2O2 chemiluminescence (CL) reaction were investigated in detail. The results showed that Ag+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ could inhibit CdTe QDs and H2O2 CL reaction. A novel CL method for the selective determination of Ag+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ was developed, based on their inhibition of the reaction of CdTe QDs and H2O2. Under the optimal conditions, good linear relationships were realized between the CL intensity and the logarithm of concentrations of Ag+, Cu2+ and Hg2+. The linear ranges were from 2.0 × 10−6 to 5.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 for Ag+, from 5.0 × 10−6 to 7.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 for Cu2+ and from 2.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−7 mol L−1 for Hg2+, respectively. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 3.0 × 10−8, 4.0 × 10−8 and 6.7 × 10−8 mol L−1 for Ag+, Cu2+ and Hg2+, respectively. A possible mechanism for the inhibition of CdTe QDs and H2O2 CL reaction was also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the grafting on the fluorescence properties of CdTe nanocrystals
Authors: Mei Fang , He Xi‐Wen , Li Wen‐You , Zhang Yu‐Kui 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we systematically investigated the influence of graft reagents having an amino or a carboxyl terminus with different chain lengths on the fluorescence properties of water‐soluble thioglycolic acid‐stabilized CdTe nanocrystals (TGA–CdTe). Strong enhancement effects of the grafting on the fluorescence intensity of TGA–CdTe were observed. The experiment results demonstrated that short‐chain‐length grafting can increase the fluorescence intensity of CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) better than long‐chain‐length grafting, and the grafting did not influence the emission wavelength of the CdTe NCs. The fluorescence intensity of the carboxyl‐grafted TGA–CdTe was more stable than that of the amino‐grafted TGA–CdTe at wide pH ranges (pH 5.1–10.0). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated determination of asulam by enhanced chemiluminescence using luminol/peroxidase system
Authors: Sánchez Francisco García , Díaz Aurora Navas , Bracho Visitación , Aguilar Alfonso , Algarra Manuel 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA flow injection system with chemiluminescence detection for the determination of asulam, enhancer of the system luminol–H2O2–horseradish peroxidase, is proposed. The method shows a moderate selectivity against other pesticides usually present in formulations of herbicides and in water. The procedure was applied to the determination of asulam in tap water samples and a recovery study was carried out in order to validate the method. The obtained results show acceptable recovery values (between 88.3 and 93.9%). The detection limit for asulam was 0.12 ng/mL. The precision of the method expressed as relative standard deviation was 1.55% (n = 8), at the 19 ng/mL level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The petrosal nerves: Anatomy, pathology, and surgical considerations
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Menendez Joshua , Loukas Marios , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Shokouhi Ghaffar , Salter E. George , Cohen‐Gadol Aaron 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe literature lacks a comprehensive review of the petrosal nerves, which often have a complicated course and nomenclature. The medical literature was reviewed comprehensively for information regarding the anatomy, pathology, and surgery of the petrosal nerves. The terminology and anatomy of the petrosal nerves are often complicated. Our review found multiple nomenclatures used in the description of these structures. Information regarding the petrosal nerves may assist those who observe or operate at or near the skull base. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of these structures. Clin. Anat. 22:537–544, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo and in vitro morphometry of the human trachea
Authors: Kamel Kirollos Salah , Lau Gabriel , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMost morphometric studies of the human trachea have relied on plain radiographs with their attendant limitations. Reports using computed tomography (CT) have focused on the growing trachea or one particular dimension. The aim of this study was to document the morphometry of the adult trachea in vivo using high‐resolution chest CT scans, supplemented by data from cadavers. Sixty anonymised high‐resolution chest CT scans (aged 22–88 years, 40 males) were analyzed. Scans were performed using a standardized breath‐holding technique in patients with no distorting intrathoracic pathology. Standardized tracheal measurements included: length, maximum antero‐posterior and transverse diameters, volume, subcarinal angle, and carinal position in relation to the tracheal midline. Measurements were also made in 10 cadaver tracheas (aged 68–101 years, 7 males). CT data showed that mean tracheal length (males 105.1 ± 9.8 mm, females 98.3 ± 8.7 mm), maximum antero‐posterior and transverse diameters, and tracheal volume (males 35.6 ± 6.8 cm3, females 24.7 ± 6.1 cm3) were all significantly greater in men (P ≤ 0.01). The subcarinal angle was very variable (mean 78 ± 20°, range 36–121°) and showed no correlation with age or gender. The carina was sited to the left of the tracheal midline in 49 (81%) patients. Cadaver tracheas had 14–19 tracheal rings and the posterior membranous trachea was wider in men (17.7 ± 4.4 mm vs. 11.8 ± 3.0 mm, P = 0.07). In conclusion, there is marked sexual dimorphism in the morphometry of the human trachea. The variation in adult tracheal dimensions in vivo is greater than in standard descriptions. These data may be valuable when interpreting chest CT scans and when calculating respiratory dead space. Clin. Anat. 22:571–579, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical considerations for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery
Authors: Moran Erica A. , Gostout Christopher J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSuccess in surgical procedures relies on the surgeon's understanding of anatomy and the ways in which the internal organs relate to one another. Recently, a new surgical technique has been introduced. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) uses the body's natural orifices (mouth, anus, urethra, or vagina) as entrance points to the peritoneal cavities (through the stomach, rectum, bladder, or posterior vaginal fornix). NOTES techniques have proven feasible in both animal and early human trials. While it remains to be seen what advantages NOTES possesses over traditional surgical approaches, a clear understanding of human anatomy will be critical for successful, safe NOTES procedures. This article summarizes the development and the basic techniques of NOTES and reviews those anatomical considerations specific to NOTES. Clin. Anat. 22:627–632, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.