bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LODGEPOLE PINE WOUND RESPONSES TO A FUNGAL SYMBIONT OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Raffa K. F. , Berryman A. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe acetone-soluble fraction of phloem tissue samples from 78 lodgepole pines was examined prior to and following artificial inoculation with Europhium clavigerum, a fungus transmitted by the mountain pine beetle. All trees showed quantitative increases in the concentration of extractives within 3 days after treatment. Further increases continued for at least 7 days. By this time qualitative changes in the chemical composition of the host tissue had also occurred.Trees were defined as resistant or susceptible depending on whether they survived beetle attack under natural conditions. The composition of the acetone-soluble extracts was similar for the constitutive tissue of resistant and susceptible trees, but the total quantity of acetone extractives of reaction tissue was higher in resistant trees.The ability of trees to respond to fungal inoculation is diminished by mass attack. Trees responded more extensively to inoculation prior to, than during, aggregation under field conditions. An experiment was conducted to simulate this relationship under controlled conditions by examining the effect of multiple fungal inoculations on the production of monoterpenes during the wound response. Individual trees showed a weaker quantitative response on stem sections administered high inoculation densities than on stem sections administered only a single inoculation. Those trees which responded most extensively to a single invasion by the pathogen were more responsive at all inoculum densities.
DESCRIPTION OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF LEUCOPIS SP. NR. ALBIPUNCTA (DIPTERA: CHAMAEMYIIDAE) AND THEIR ROLE AS PREDATORS OF THE APPLE APHID, APHIS POMI (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Tracewski Kevin T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe role of Leucopis sp. nr. albipuncta larvae in controlling outbreaks of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi De Geer, was studied in five New Hampshire orchards. There was significant correlation of larval density with changes in the density of apple aphid populations, and larvae were widely distributed throughout the apple growing region of the state. The egg, three larval instars, and puparium are described and illustrated.
TOXICITY AND RESIDUAL ACTIVITY OF FENVALERATE TO TYPHLODROMUS OCCIDENTALIS (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) AND ITS PREY TETRANYCHUS URTICAE (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) ON PEAR
Authors: Riedl Helmut , Hoying S. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFenvalerate applied at field rates (3.4–13.7 g AI/100 L) to pear foliage in early season remained highly active to the predatory mite Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt for several months until leaf drop. According to leaf disc assays, fresh deposits of fenvalerate caused considerable direct mortality but most of the later mortality was apparently caused by repellency of the residue and subsequent mite departures. Fenvalerate applied to the bark lost its contact activity more quickly than on foliage. In contrast, adult female Tetranychus urticae Koch suffered no mortality when exposed to leaf deposits, but at high dosages of fenvalerate egg laying was temporarily reduced. In slide-dip tests fenvalerate was about 5 times more toxic to T. occidentalis than to T. urticae (LC50's of 1.21 and 6.74 g AI/100 L, respectively). Our data suggest that because of the persistence of fenvalerate and the high sensitivity of T. occidentalis to this compound this predatory mite would not be able to reestablish after foliar fenvalerate applications and provide biological control of phytophagous mites.
RELATIVE POTENCIES OF 50 ISOLATES OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS FOR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Morris O. N. , Moore A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFifty Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) isolates representing K-1, galleriae, K-73, thuringiensis, aizawai, dendrolimus, tolworthi, kenyae, darmstadiensis, alesti, and entomocidus crystal antigen types were bioassayed against fifth-instar spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), larvae. In addition, larvae reared on diet with and without aureomycin were tested for their susceptibility to B.t. The data indicated no significant differences in susceptibility to B.t. among insects reared on aureomycin or on aureomycin-free diet, but differences were evident in larval growth and mortality among untreated controls. None of the 50 isolates bioassayed was any more toxic to the budworm than is the strain used at present in commercial preparations of B. thuringiensis.
THE ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY OF POTATO FIELDS IN NEW BRUNSWICK, 1979–1981
Authors: Boiteau Gilles 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe arthropod fauna of New Brunswick potato fields was surveyed using pitfalls, yellow pan traps, ground cloths, and sweepnets. Of the more than 560 species or group-species identified during the 3-year study, at least 80% were transient ones indicating a loosely structured community of insects. Terricolous arthropods typically had a lower number of species and a more even distribution than aerial arthropods but a similar index of diversity. The proportion of parasitic and predatory species was high suggesting a potential for the use of native biological control techniques in potato pest management programs.
TEMPERATURE MODIFICATION BY BAGS OF THE BAGWORMTHYRIDOPTERYX EPHEMERAEFORMIS(LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE)
Authors: Barbosa P. , Waldvogel M. G. , Breisch N. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSurface and internal temperatures of bags made byThyridopteryx ephemeraeformis(Haworth) as well as ambient temperatures were recorded in sun and shade. Temperatures of bags in both shaded and exposed areas of the tree were significantly higher than ambient air temperatures. Bag surface temperatures were not significantly different from internal bag temperatures. Differences between internal, surface, and ambient temperatures could not be attributed to host tree species. Finally, there were no significant differences in temperature between bags with and without larvae.
INDUCTION OF DIAPAUSE IN CULEX PIPIENS AND CULEX RESTUANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Madder D. J. , Surgeoner G. A. , Helson B. V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCulex pipiens entered diapause in early July with more than 90% in diapause by mid-August. Onset of diapause in Culex restuans was in early July with greater than 80% in diapause by late July. The incidence of diapause in C. pipiens increased when larvae were reared at low temperatures or high densities under similar photoperiod conditions. Diapausing adult females of C. pipiens and C. restuans had ratios of follicle:germarium length of less than 2.00:1.00. Ovarioles of recently emerged diapausing C. pipiens developed to the nondiapause stage in 3–4 weeks when held at 25 °C and a photoperiod of 16L:8D. Ovarioles of diapausing C. pipiens in the field did not develop to the nondiapause state before females left their overwintering sites in the spring.
DESCRIPTION OF LARVAE OF NUDOMIDEOPSIS MAGNACETABULA (ACARI: ARRENUROIDEA: MIDEOPSIDAE) WITH NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR THE SPECIES AND REMARKS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF NUDOMIDEOPSIS
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of Nudomideopsis magnacetabula (Smith) are described. New distributional and host association data for this species are presented, along with remarks on the phylogenetic affinities and taxonomic status of Nudomideopsis. It is proposed that Nudomideopsis be removed from the genus Mideopsis and elevated to generic rank.
EFFECTS OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY, AND SIMULATED RAINFALL ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF THE SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (OLIGONYCHUS UNUNGUIS)
Authors: Boyne John V. , Hain Fred P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExperiments were conducted on Fraser fir,Abies fraseri(Pursh) Poir, seedlings or cut terminals. Results indicate thatOligonychus ununguis(Jacobi) responds most favorably to temperatures approximating 26 °C and to relative humidity levels approaching 50 to 60%. Developmental time, time to 50% mortality, net reproductive rate, mean generation time, intrinsic rate of natural increase, finite rate of increase, and days for populations to double were computed for each temperature and relative humidity regime. Simulated rainfall severely limits population density on Fraser fir seedlings.
REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICANPNIGALIOSCHRANK (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study provides information on species ofPnigalioSchrank found in America north of Mexico:Pnigalio longulus(Zetterstedt), a Palearctic species, is recorded from the Nearctic for the first time; the previously unplaced species ofPnigalioof Miller (1970) are discussed. Seventeen species are recognized, of which the following eight are described as new:Pnigalio levis,P. brachysellus,P. elongatus,P. glaber,P. rugatus,P. neolongulus,P. boharti, andP. albiformis. A key to species, illustrations, distribution data, and host records are included.
EVALUATION OF PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING WITHIN-SPOT POPULATIONS OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) DURING A COLLAPSING EPIDEMIC
Authors: Mawby William D. , Hain Fred P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractData from 87 trees within 21 natural infestations were used to estimate the population size of the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus flontalis Zimmermann) under collapsing high-level conditions in North Carolina. Spots of K trees (1<K<12) were created by random selection without replacement from the initial pool. Samples of m trees (1<m<K) were then chosen from each simulated spot according to random and selective plans. These samples over m trees were then extrapolated to the full K tree spot by 1 of 3 scaling factors: percentage of trees sampled, percentage of diameter sampled, or percentage of phloem area sampled. In this manner the total numbers of parent adults, brood, and brood adults were estimated for each artificial spot. Proportional errors, defined as (observed value – expected value)/(observed value), were computed over 10 000 independent trials for a variety of sample sizes, spot sizes, and scaling factors. The precision of these errors, after a bias correction was applied, was used to compare the different schemes. Random-diameter and largest-diameter schemes were judged best because of their good precisions and ease of application. However, when these results were applied to the 21 natural infestations, the confidence intervals were found to be too narrow to include the expected number of estimates. A discussion of this shortcoming is discussed in relation to spot dynamics and its effect on the application of this sampling technique.
PREDATION BY CALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA L. (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE): EVIDENCE FOR A LARGE IMPACT ON GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR L. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), PUPAE
Authors: Weseloh Ronald M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe impact of predation by Calosoma sycophanta L. on an increasing prey population was assessed by recapturing marked adult beetles, periodically observing tagged gypsy moth pupae, and examining gypsy moth pupal remains in different microhabitats. Adult beetles dispersed in random directions but many tended to remain near the trap at which they were originally caught, suggesting a low dispersal potential. About 75% of the adult beetles present in the plot on one day were still present the next day. Capture–recapture estimates suggested that there were at most about 250 male beetles and half as many females/ha in the plot. Calosoma larvae destroyed 70% of tagged gypsy moth pupae under burlap bands on tree trunks near ground level, which was much more than any other mortality factor. Although this percentage was the same when mortality was assessed by looking at pupal remains within 5 m of the ground on tree trunks, pupae higher in trees and on leaves were not attacked as frequently. On average, about 40% of the pupae present in the entire study area were destroyed by Calosoma larvae. Each female beetle in the site would have had to produce about 30 progeny to have this effect. These data suggest that a relatively low number of adult beetles can have a substantial impact on gypsy moth populations.
BIOLOGY OF TELENOMUS CHLOROPUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) FROM EGGS OF NEZARA VIRIDULA (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) REARED ON RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE SOYBEAN GENOTYPES
Authors: Orr D.B. , Boethel D.J. , Jones W. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe biology of Telenomus chloropus Thomson was studied on eggs of Nezara viridula (L.) which had been reared on the stink bug resistant soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, genotype PI 171444 and the susceptible cultivar Davis. Time of development of T. chtoropus from egg to adult emergence was not significantly different in eggs oviposited by N. viridula reared on either Davis or PI 171444. However, successful emergence of T. chloropus from host eggs was significantly lower for parasitoids that developed in eggs from N. viridula reared on PI 171444. Longevity of adult T. chloropus was not significantly different between females that were allowed or denied oviposition regardless of the genotype fed the host. Total fecundity of T. chloropus reared from eggs of N. viridula fed PI 171444 was one-half that of parasitoids from the Davis treatment. Although ovipositional patterns over the lifetime of parasitoids from the 2 treatments were similar, the mean number of progeny produced per day was significantly greater in the Davis treatment. Also, the ovipositional period of parasitoids from the PI 171444 treatment was shorter than for parasitoids from the Davis treatment.
A SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT FOR MALE MOTHS OF A BIOTYPE IN THE CYDIA PIPERANA COMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Sartwell Charles , Daterman G.E. , Sower L.L. 
Published: December 2009

Seedworms of the Cydia piperana complex are major cone pests of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex-Lawson, and Jeffrey pine, P. jeffreyi Greville and Balfour, in western North America (Keen 1958; Hedlin 1967). An effective synthetic attractant could be useful in a trapping technique for predicting damage to seed crops.Male moths of a biotype in this complex were lured to traps baited with (E)-9- and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetates during tests to.refine optimum blends of these synthetic chemicals for Rhyacionia and Eucosma shoot moths, and we report the serendipitous findings here.
THE HOLARCTIC SPECIES OFAGABUS(SENSU LATO) LEACH (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE)
Authors: Larson David J. , Nilsson Anders N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of the Holarctic species ofAgabus(Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) are reviewed. Seventeen species occur in both the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. The following new synonymy is proposed (valid name given last):A. solusLeech =A. adpressusAubé;A. sharpiJacobson andA. pseudoconfertusWallis =A. opacusAubé;A. kenaiensisFall =A. wasastjernae(Sahlberg) andA. hudsonicusLeech =A. zaitzewiPoppius, thus each of these species is recognized for the first time as being Holarctic. The Nearctic speciesA. ontarionisFall is reduced in status to a subspecies ofA. fuscipennis(Payk.).Agabus congener(Thunb.) is redefined and Nearctic specimens formerly placed in the species are assigned toA. thomsoni(J. Sahlberg). The reports of Palaearctic occurrence ofA. approximatesFall andA. discolor(Harris) are considered to be in error, the records referring toA. levanderiHellén.
LIFE CYCLE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH,ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS(LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), IN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Turgeon Jean J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life cycle, feeding behavior, and feeding damage of the spruce budmoth,Zeiraphera canadensis, were studied in northern New Brunswick. Larval emergence, which began in late May, was usually completed within 10 days. First-instar larvae did not feed on the previous year's foliage and took less than 30 min to settle inside a growing shoot, from which they exited only at the end of larval development. Larvae then dropped to the ground and remained as prepupae for approximately 6 days. Mating could be observed the first night following adult emergence. The majority of the mated females contained only 1 spermatophore (92%); others had 2 (7%) or 3 (1%). Although 95% of the egg clusters had 7 eggs or less, 5% had up to 19 eggs. Eggs required embryonic development before successful diapause could be initiated. The importance of these observations in the development of management strategies for this pest is discussed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ADULT FEMALE OF THE TYPE-SPECIES OF METATARSONEMUS ATTIAH, WITH NOTES ON THE SYNONYMY OF THIS GENUS UNDER TARSONEMUS CAN. AND FANZ. (ACARI: TARSONEMIDAE)
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMetatarsonemus simplicissimus Attiah, type-species of the nominal genus Metatarsonemus Attiah, 1970, was previously based on the adult male only. The adult female of this species is described herein, and descriptive notes further to those given by Attiah are included for the adult male. Characteristic structures useful for correlating females with males of this species, and the synonymy of Metatarsonemus under Tarsonemus, are discussed.
HIGH-DOSAGE TREATMENT OF A QUEBEC STREAM WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SEROVAR. ISRAELENSIS: EFFICACY AGAINST BLACK FLY LARVAE (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) AND IMPACT ON NON-TARGET INSECTS
Authors: Back C. , Boisvert J. , Lacoursière J.O. , Charpentier G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA typical lake outlet of the Canadian Shield was treated for 15 min with a high dose (5.28 g/L s−1 of discharge) of Teknar®, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis. Efficacy on Simuliidae larvae and impact on non-target aquatic insects of this stream were monitored using drift nets, counting plates, and artificial turf substrates along a 1000-m section downstream of the site of application. Compared with a 4-day pre-treatment average for 12-h sampling periods, drift of Simuliidae increased from 64 to 92 ×, with shorter peaks of 133–184 ×, 2–6 h after treatment. There was no evident drift increase in larvae of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Chironomidae, or dipterous pupae, but larvae of Blephariceridae (Diptera) were severely affected as their drift was increased by up to 50 × and remained high for 3 days. After 30 h the mortality of Simuliidae on counting plates ranged from 95 to 82% in the first 300 m, with detachment rates of 78.5–46.5%. Densities of non-target insect larvae were not reduced on the artificial substrates, except for 2 genera of Chironomidae (Eukiefferella and Polypedilum) which were reduced 26 to 39% of their original density. Drifting larvae of 1 chironomid genus (Phaenopsectra) also showed symptoms of toxemia by B.t.i. The main impact of the treatment was thus seen in 2 Nematocera families (Chironomidae and Blephariceridae) which were mainly exposed to B.t.i. sedimented on the bottom of the stream or attached to periphyton growing on rocks.
EFFECT OF COLOR ON STICKY-TRAP CATCHES OF PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)
Authors: Trimble R.M. , Brach E.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of trap color on sticky-trap catches of Pholetesor ornigis Weed was studied in experimental and commercial apple orchards during each of the parasite's 3 yearly activity periods during 1982–1984. Seven enamel and 5 fluorescent paints were compared in 8 trials. There was considerable between-trial variation in the percentage of the total number of P. ornigis caught on a trap of one color. Trap color had a significant effect on the total number of parasites caught. There were no consistent differences in the relative attractiveness of the different colors to males and females. During 1984, males comprised more than 75% of all parasites trapped during each of the 3 activity periods. The sex ratio of the adult population emerging in study orchards during 2 of these activity periods was approximately 1:1.
THE EGGS AND LARVAE OF PACHYBRACHIS PECCANS AND P. BIVITTATUS, WITH A KEY TO THE KNOWN IMMATURE STAGES OF THE NEARCTIC GENERA OF CRYPTOCEPHALINAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: LeSage Laurent 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe egg and larval instars of Pachybrachis peccans Suffrian and P. bivittatus Say are described and illustrated. Adults of both species appear in late May, feed on willow leaves, mate and oviposit in June–July. The larvae, unable to climb the host plants, feed in the leaf litter of dead leaves of willow; they reach the second-last or last instar by the end of the fall; then they seal their case and overwinter. Pupation occurs the following spring, probably in early May.Larval instars can be distinguished as follows: first instar with egg bursters on meso- and metathorax, with typical head chaetotaxy consisting of flattened-papillate setae and 1 pair of very long simple setae, and tibiae with 2 pairs of spiniform setae; older instars without egg bursters, and showing differences in size, in head and pronotal chaetotaxy, and in the number of spiniform setae on the tibiae.In the larvae, the premental sclerites of the head seem to be present throughout the Campsomata, a group with case-bearing larvae and not only in the Lamprosomatinae as previously reported.
DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON UPPER AND LOWER LEAVES OF THREE POTATO CULTIVARS
Authors: Jansson R. K. , Smilowitz Z. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe influence of potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum tuberosum (L.) cvs. Katahdin (long-season), Norchip (mid-season), and Superior (short-season)) and vertical leaf position on certain life statistics of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were assessed in a glasshouse environment. Aphids were caged on upper and lower leaves of each cultivar. Developmental time requirements for pre-reproductive life stages were similar among cultivars and between leaf positions. Longevity was similar among cultivars within leaf position. However, aphids survived 62.3, 53.6, and longer on lower leaves than on upper leaves of Superior, Norchip, and Katahdin (p < 0.05 on Superior and Katahdin). Mean generation time (MGT) was similar among cultivars on upper leaves. On lower leaves, MGT was shorter on Superior than on Katahdin. MGT was 15.2, 6.9, and shorter on lower leaves than on upper leaves of Superior, Norchip, and Katahdin, respectively (p < 0.05 on Superior). Total fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase were greater on the lower leaves of each cultivar.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DENSITY OF EMERGED DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND DENSITY OF EXIT HOLES IN LODGEPOLE PINE
Authors: Safranyik L. , Linton D.A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relationship between the density of insect holes in the bark (X1) and the density of emerged mountain pine beetles (Y) was investigated in naturally infested lodgepole pine in south-central British Columbia. The density of exit and ventilation holes (Ho) that were present in the bark prior to emergence by mountain pine beetle averaged 10% of all holes present following the emergence period. There was a weak but significant inverse relationship between Ho and both phloem thickness and density of emerged mountain pine beetles. Painting the bark with light-color latex paint did not affect survival or the temporal pattern of emergence by mountain pine beetle but ensured identification and greatly enhanced counting of fresh exit holes. Of the several regression models investigated, the relation between Y and both X1 and X2 (= X1 – Ho) was best fitted by a log-log linear model. A method is suggested for setting limits on the size of exit holes cut by mountain pine beetle in order to exclude from X2 much of the variation caused by exit holes cut by associated insects. A simple mathematical model was developed of the relationship between mean density of exit holes and the density of emerged mountain pine beetles.