bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal Correlates of Passengers’ Mental Activity Based on fNIRS for High-Level Automated Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Li Chuzhao , Li Jun , Cao Bin , Fu Junwen , Wang Qiaoya , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the spread adoption of artificial intelligence, the great challenges confronted by the intelligent safety concern-safety of the intended functionality has become the biggest roadblock to the mass production of high-level automated vehicles, notably arising from perception algorithm deficiencies. This paper focuses a cut-in scenario, dividing this scenario into low-risk and high-risk segments predicated on the kinetic energy field, and the mental activities of passengers on prefrontal cortex, are analyzed within these delineated segments. Two experiments are then conducted, leveraging driving simulators and real-world vehicles, respectively. Experiment results indicate that high risk may result in the passengers’ mental activity on prefrontal cortex change. This revelation posits a potential avenue for augmenting the intended functionality of automated vehicle by using passengers’ physiological state.
The Burden Cancer-Related Deaths Attributable to High Body Mass Index in a Gulf Cooperation Council: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Ramadan Majed , Bajunaid Rbab M. , Kazim Sereen , Alhusseini Noara , Al-Shareef Ali , ALSaleh Nourah Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
BMI has been reported to be a major risk factor for the increased burden of several diseases. This study explores the burden of cancer linked to high body mass index (BMI) in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and assesses the correlation with Socio-demographic Index (SDI).

Method
Using Global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 data, the authors quantified cancer burden through mortality, DALYs, age standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) across sexes, countries, cancer types, and years. Spearman’s correlation tested ASMR against SDI. The authors estimated 95% uncertainty limits (UIs) for population attribution fraction (PAFs).

Results
Between 1990 and 2019, all six GCC countries showed increased number of the overall cancer-related deaths (398.73% in Bahrain to 1404.25% in United Arab Emirates), and DALYs (347.38% in Kuwait, to 1479.35% in United Arab Emirates) reflecting significant increasing in deaths, and burden cancer attributed to high BMI. In 2019, across GCC countries, pancreatic, uterine, and kidney cancer accounted for 87.91% of the total attributable deaths associated with high BMI in females, whereas in male, colon and rectum cancer alone accounted for 26% of all attributable deaths associated with high BMI.

Conclusion
The study highlights the significant impact of high BMI on cancer burden in GCC countries. Moreover, the study identifies specific cancers, such as pancreatic, uterine, and kidney cancer in females, and colon and rectum cancer in males, as major contributors to attributable deaths, urging targeted prevention strategies at reducing weight and encouraging physical activity could greatly lessen the impact of diseases in the GCC countries.
The pandemic and working mothers: perspectives from American and South African working mothers
Authors: Rosen Lisa H. , Scott Shannon R. , Shukla Roshni , Poe Darian , Ahmed Shazia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on working mothers from the United States and South Africa. This study sought to highlight both cross-cultural similarities and differences. American and South African working mothers took part in online interviews. Eighteen participants were included in the sample, ten participants lived in the United States, while eight participants currently resided in South Africa. The age range of the participants’ children was from 0 to 21 years old. Each participant met individually with the researcher and answered a series of open-ended questions regarding their experiences of being a working mother during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers analyzed interviews using thematic analysis. Common themes emerged in the interviews with both American and South African working mothers. Mothers in the United States and South Africa both noted the need for flexible work schedules as well as expressed difficulty balancing roles as mothers and professionals during the pandemic. Increased motivation and resiliency as well as lack of representation of women leaders were themes specific to South African mothers in this study. Conversely, feelings of decreased interest in pursuing leadership opportunities was a theme specific to American mothers in this study. The current study adds to the growing body of literature documenting the effect of the pandemic on working mothers, and builds on this research by including a qualitative component to gain knowledge from working mothers themselves. The narratives collected in the current study highlight commonalities as well as differences in the experiences of working mothers in the United States and South Africa, which holds important implications for how workplaces and the broader community can best attend to the unique needs of working mothers.
The CDC’s “Solve the Outbreak” game: a preliminary debriefing study with students enrolled in an undergraduate epidemiology course
Authors: Seitz Christopher M. , Lennon Jeffrey L. , Orsini Muhsin Michael , Elliot Lauren , Lloyd Margaret , Findley Fin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study explored undergraduate college students' opinions of the CDC’s online “Solve the Outbreak” (StO) game, a recommended aid in higher education for teaching concepts epidemiological outbreak investigations.

Methods
The study was conducted as a game debriefing, in which 16 students enrolled in an undergraduate-level epidemiology course were interviewed to receive feedback about their experiences of StO after completing the game.

Results
A total of four common themes emerged from the interveiews as framed by the Persuasive Game Design model: (1) Enjoying the Game World, (2) Cheating the Game’s Elements, (3) Suggesting Improvements to the Game’s Elements, and (4) Inverted Transfer Effect.

Conclusions
Students reported that they enjoyed playing StO, and that it was effective for applying their knowledge of epidemiology course content on the process of investigating outbreaks. However, students found ways to cheat the game’s answers, and they recommended ways that the game’s elements could be improved. Instructors should consider using StO as a tool for teaching their students about investigating infectious outbreaks. Designers of the game should consider adapting the game based on students’ constructive feedback.
Irrigation with Artificial Intelligence: Problems, Premises, Promises
Authors: Wei Hanyu , Xu Wen , Kang Byeong , Eisner Rowan , Muleke Albert , Rodriguez Daniel , deVoil Peter , Sadras Victor , Monjardino Marta , Harrison Matthew Tom 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProtagonists allege that artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionising contemporaneous mindscapes. Here, we authoritatively review the status quo of AI and machine learning application in irrigated agriculture, evaluating the potential of, and challenges associated with, a wide range of existential AI approaches. We contend that aspiring developers of AI irrigation systems may benefit from human-centred AI, a nascent algorithm that captures diverse end-user views, behaviours and actions, potentially facilitating refinement of proposed systems through iterative stakeholder feedback. AI-guided human–machine collaboration can streamline integration of user needs, allowing customisation towards situational farm management adaptation. Presentation of big data in intuitive, legible and actionable forms for specialists and laypeople also urgently requires attention: here, AI-explainable interpretability may help harness human expertise, enabling end-users to contribute their experience within an AI pipeline for bespoke outputs. Transfer learning holds promise in contextualising place-based AI to agroecological regions, production systems or enterprise mixes, even with limited data inputs. We find that the rate of AI scientific and software development in recent times has outpaced the evolution of adequate legal and institutional regulations, and often social, moral and ethical license to operate, revealing consumer issues associated with data ownership, legitimacy and trust. We opine that AI has great potential to elicit sustainable outcomes in food security, social innovation and environmental stewardship, albeit such potential is more likely to be realised through concurrent development of appropriate ethical, moral and legal dimensions.
THE SET OF ELEMENTARY TENSORS IS WEAKLY CLOSED IN PROJECTIVE TENSOR PRODUCTS
Authors: PETITJEAN COLIN 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We prove that the set of elementary tensors is weakly closed in the projective tensor product of two Banach spaces. As a result, we answer a question of Rodríguez and Rueda Zoca [‘Weak precompactness in projective tensor products’, Indag. Math. (N.S.)35(1) (2024), 60–75], proving that if

$(x_n) \subset X$

and

$(y_n) \subset Y$

are two weakly null sequences such that

$(x_n \otimes y_n)$

converges weakly in

$X \widehat {\otimes }_\pi Y$

, then

$(x_n \otimes y_n)$

is also weakly null.
The determinants of proxy treadmilling in evolutionary models of reliable signals
Authors: Harris Keith D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Identifying the conditions of proxy treadmilling is crucial for determining whether reliable signals can persist over time. I present a framework that maps evolutionary models of reliable signals according to their assumptions regarding the effects of Goodhart's law. This framework can explain the contrasting outcomes of different modelling approaches, and identify in which models proxy treadmilling is expected to occur.
Proxies, heuristics, and goal alignment
Authors: Burns Bruce D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Decision-making heuristics rely on proxies so the elements of heuristics appear to map well to the elements of proxies identified by John et al. However, unlike proxy failure, heuristics do not fail because of feedback. This may be because for successful heuristics the goals of regulators and agents are aligned, but this is not the case for proxy failure.
Behavioral proxies compete by the time courses of their rewards, including endogenous rewards
Authors: Ainslie George 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Natural selection is slow, so behavioral goals must be based on patterns of reward. Addictions are rewarded in the same way as adaptive choice, so they can be distinguished only by their time course. In addition, the reward process is more plastic than is generally recognized, so abstract goals are shaped by the “legibility” of their proxies.
Striatal brain volume linked to severity of substance use in high-risk incarcerated youth
Authors: Anderson Nathaniel E. , Maurer J. Michael , Stephenson David , Harenski Keith , Caldwell Michael , Van Rybroek Greg , Kiehl Kent A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Substance use disorders among juveniles are a major public health concern and are often intertwined with other psychosocial risk factors including antisocial behavior. Identifying etiological risks and mechanisms promoting substance use disorders remains a high priority for informing more focused interventions in high-risk populations. The present study examined brain gray matter structure in relation to substance use severity among n = 152 high-risk, incarcerated boys (aged 14–20). Substance use severity was positively associated with gray matter volume across several frontal/striatal brain regions including amygdala, pallidum, putamen, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. Effects were apparent when using voxel-based-morphometric analysis, as well as in whole-brain, data-driven, network-based approaches (source-based morphometry). These findings support the hypothesis that elevated gray matter volume in striatal reward circuits may be an endogenous marker for vulnerability to severe substance use behaviors among youth.
Prospective associations of prenatal stress with child behavior: Moderation by the early childhood caregiving environment
Authors: Rinne Gabrielle R. , Podosin Mallory , Mahrer Nicole E. , Shalowitz Madeleine U. , Ramey Sharon Landesman , Dunkel Schetter Christine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fetal exposure to prenatal stress can increase risk for psychopathology but postnatal caregiving may offset risk. This study tests whether maternal sensitivity and the home environment during early childhood modify associations of prenatal stress with offspring behavior in a sample of 127 mother–child pairs (n = 127). Mothers reported on perceived stress during pregnancy. Maternal sensitivity was rated by coders during a parent–child free play task when children were 4 years old. One year later, mothers reported on the home environment, child internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and children completed an assessment of inhibitory control. As hypothesized, the early childhood caregiving environment modified associations of prenatal stress with child behavior. Specifically, prenatal stress was associated with more internalizing behaviors at lower levels of maternal sensitivity and in home environments that were lower in emotional support and cognitive stimulation, but not at mean or higher levels. Furthermore, prenatal stress was associated with lower inhibitory control only at lower levels of maternal sensitivity, but not at higher levels. Maternal sensitivity and an emotionally supportive and cognitively stimulating home environment in early childhood may be important factors that mitigate risk for mental health problems among children exposed to prenatal stress.
Rainband‐Occurrence Probability in Northern Hemisphere Tropical Cyclones by Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery
Authors: Zheng Gang , Jiang Han , Wu Liang , Li Xiaofeng , Zhou Lizhang , Wu Qiaoyan , Chen Peng , Ren Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRainbands are essential to tropical cyclones (TCs), significantly affecting TC structure and intensity change. High‐resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery can capture the footprints of rainbands caused by rain‐induced sea surface roughness modification. Using 464 SAR TC images, we investigated the rainband‐occurrence probability of TCs under different hemispheres, local times (LTs), intensities, and ocean basins. Results show that the rainband‐occurrence probability is highest in the downshear‐left quadrant for Northern Hemisphere TCs (downshear‐right quadrant for Southern Hemisphere TCs). For Northern Hemisphere TCs, the rainband‐occurrence probability is overall higher in the early morning (LT), and the peak region of rainband‐occurrence probability appears farther from the TC center in the evening (LT). Compared with weak TCs, the rainband‐occurrence probability becomes higher for strong TCs in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, TCs have a higher rainband‐occurrence probability in the Northwest Pacific than in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific.
Enhanced potency of an IgM-like nanobody targeting conserved epitope in SARS-CoV-2 spike N-terminal domain
Authors: Liu Bo , Liu Honghui , Han Pu , Wang Xiaoyun , Wang Chunmei , Yan Xinxin , Lei Wenwen , Xu Ke , Zhou Jianjie , Qi Jianxun , Fan Ruiwen , Wu Guizhen , Tian Wen-xia , Gao George F. , Wang Qihui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlmost all the neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike (S) protein show weakened or lost efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged or emerging variants, such as Omicron and its sub-variants. This suggests that highly conserved epitopes are crucial for the development of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we present one nanobody, N235, displaying broad neutralization against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and multiple variants, including the newly emerged Omicron and its sub-variants. Cryo-electron microscopy demonstrates N235 binds a novel, conserved, cryptic epitope in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S protein, which interferes with the RBD in the neighboring S protein. The neutralization mechanism interpreted via flow cytometry and Western blot shows that N235 appears to induce the S1 subunit shedding from the trimeric S complex. Furthermore, a nano-IgM construct (MN235), engineered by fusing N235 with the human IgM Fc region, displays prevention via inducing S1 shedding and cross-linking virus particles. Compared to N235, MN235 exhibits varied enhancement in neutralization against pseudotyped and authentic viruses in vitro. The intranasal administration of MN235 in low doses can effectively prevent the infection of Omicron sub-variant BA.1 and XBB in vivo, suggesting that it can be developed as a promising prophylactic antibody to cope with the ongoing and future infection.
Pirh2 modulates the mitochondrial function and cytochrome c-mediated neuronal death during Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Tiwari Shubhangini , Singh Sarika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPirh2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase known to regulate the DNA damage responses through ubiquitylation of various participating signaling factors. DNA damage is a key pathological contributor to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), therefore, the role of Pirh2 was investigated in streptozotocin and oligomer Aβ1–42 induced rodent experimental model of AD. Pirh2 protein abundance increased during AD conditions, and transient silencing of Pirh2 inhibited the disease-specific pathological markers like level of p-Tau, βamyloid, acetylcholinesterase activity, and neuronal death. Biochemically, Pirh2 silencing significantly attenuated the oxidative stress, depleted mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c translocation from mitochondria to cytosol, and depleted mitochondrial complex-I activity, and ATP level. Pirh2 silencing also inhibited the altered level of VDAC1, hsp75, hexokinase1, t-Bid, caspase-9, and altered level of apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bax). MALDI-TOF/TOF, co-immunoprecipitation, and UbcH13-linked ubiquitylation assay confirmed the interaction of Pirh2 with cytochrome c and the role of Pirh2 in ubiquitylation of cytochrome c, along with Pirh2-dependent altered proteasome activity. Additionally, Pirh2 silencing further inhibited the translocation of mitochondrion-specific endonuclease G and apoptosis-inducing factors to the nucleus and DNA damage. In conclusion, findings suggested the significant implication of Pirh2 in disease pathogenesis, particularly through impaired mitochondrial function, including biochemical alterations, translocation of cytochrome c, endonuclease G and apoptosis-inducing factor, DNA damage, and neuronal apoptosis.
Tumors cells with mismatch repair deficiency induce hyperactivation of pyroptosis resistant to cell membrane damage but are more sensitive to co-treatment of IFN-γ and TNF-α to PANoptosis
Authors: Li Huiyan , Ni Hengli , Li Ying , Zhou Aijun , Qin Xiaokang , Li Yuqing , Che Liheng , Mo Hui , Qin Chao , Li Jianming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHypermutated neoantigens in cancers with DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) are prerequisites for favorable clinical responses to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, TMB is not significantly associated with favorable prognosis from Preclinical and clinical studies. It implies that except for TMB, other mechanisms should be needed to contribute to successful cancer immunotherapy. We found that the hyperactivation of PANoptotic effective molecules in dMMR tumor cells caused cell membrane damage, induced ESCRT-mediated membrane repair, and protected tumor cells from the damage caused by Triton X-100, while DNA mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) tumor cells were sensitive to Triton X-100 mediating cell membrane damage due to the lack of ESCRT-mediated membrane repair. There was hyperactivation of GSDMD, GSDME, and p-MLKL in dMMR tumor cells. Co-treatment of IFN-γ and TNF-α induced rapid death of dMMR tumor cells by inducing PANoptosis including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and no necrosis. pMMR tumor cells had defects in the PANoptosis pathway and were resistant to co-treatment of IFN-γ and TNF-α. In conclusion, we can activate immune cells to release IFN-γ and TNF-α to overcome resistance to ICB treatment.
Methylation of ESCRT-III components regulates the timing of cytokinetic abscission
Authors: Richard Aurélie , Berthelet Jérémy , Judith Delphine , Advedissian Tamara , Espadas Javier , Jannot Guillaume , Amo Angélique , Loew Damarys , Lombard Berangere , Casanova Alexandre G. , Reynoird Nicolas , Roux Aurélien , Berlioz-Torrent Clarisse , Echard Arnaud , Weitzman Jonathan B. , Medjkane Souhila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAbscission is the final stage of cytokinesis, which cleaves the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting two daughter cells. Abscission requires tight control of the recruitment and polymerization of the Endosomal Protein Complex Required for Transport-III (ESCRT-III) components. We explore the role of post-translational modifications in regulating ESCRT dynamics. We discover that SMYD2 methylates the lysine 6 residue of human CHMP2B, a key ESCRT-III component, at the ICB, impacting the dynamic relocation of CHMP2B to sites of abscission. SMYD2 loss-of-function (genetically or pharmacologically) causes CHMP2B hypomethylation, delayed CHMP2B polymerization and delayed abscission. This is phenocopied by CHMP2B lysine 6 mutants that cannot be methylated. Conversely, SMYD2 gain-of-function causes CHMP2B hypermethylation and accelerated abscission, specifically in cells undergoing cytokinetic challenges, thereby bypassing the abscission checkpoint. Additional experiments highlight the importance of CHMP2B methylation beyond cytokinesis, namely during ESCRT-III-mediated HIV-1 budding. We propose that lysine methylation signaling fine-tunes the ESCRT-III machinery to regulate the timing of cytokinetic abscission and other ESCRT-III dependent functions.
Structural and dynamic insights into the activation of the μ-opioid receptor by an allosteric modulator
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Imai Shunsuke , Uchikubo-Kamo Tomomi , Hisano Tamao , Asao Nobuaki , Shirouzu Mikako , Shimada Ichio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. These receptors are activated to different extents by diverse orthosteric ligands and allosteric modulators. However, the mechanisms underlying these variations in signaling activity by allosteric modulators remain largely elusive. Here, we determine the three-dimensional structure of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), a class A GPCR, in complex with the Gi protein and an allosteric modulator, BMS-986122, using cryogenic electron microscopy. Our results reveal that BMS-986122 binding induces changes in the map densities corresponding to R1673.50 and Y2545.58, key residues in the structural motifs conserved among class A GPCRs. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of MOR in the absence of the Gi protein reveal that BMS-986122 binding enhances the formation of the interaction between R1673.50 and Y2545.58, thus stabilizing the fully-activated conformation, where the intracellular half of TM6 is outward-shifted to allow for interaction with the Gi protein. These findings illuminate that allosteric modulators like BMS-986122 can potentiate receptor activation through alterations in the conformational dynamics in the core region of GPCRs. Together, our results demonstrate the regulatory mechanisms of GPCRs, providing insights into the rational development of therapeutics targeting GPCRs.