bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Templated Organic and Hybrid Materials for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Haberkorn Niko , Lechmann Maria C. , Sohn Byeong Hyeok , Char Kookheon , Gutmann Jochen S. , Theato Patrick 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe review highlights different approaches to template organic materials as well as hybrid materials that find or are expected to find application in optoelectronic devices. The first templating approach focuses on the use of preformed nanoporous membranes as templates for organic materials and polymeric materials. Such nanoporous templates can be track‐etched membranes, anodic aluminum oxide membranes and other variants thereof, or block copolymer templates. Further, opals have been described as templates. In the second part, we have summarized developments that take advantage of self‐assembly processes to pattern hybrid materials. Examples are sol‐gel templating techniques using amphiphiles, evaporation‐induced self‐assembly, lyotropic templating as well as templating from block copolymers. Both routes are very promising templating approaches for optoelectronic materials and represent complementary rather than competing techniques.magnified image
Hetero‐Telechelic Dye‐Labeled Polymer for Nanoparticle Decoration
Authors: Roth Peter J. , Kim Ki‐Se , Bae Su Hak , Sohn Byeong‐Hyeok , Theato Patrick , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) exhibiting one fluorescent dye (Texas Red) and one methyl disulfide end group is described. It is shown that the latter end group enabled the exchange of both oleic amine on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and of oleic acid on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QD), allowing for a phase transfer of both types of nanoparticles (NP) from hexane into dimethylformamide due to the solubility provided by the PMMA chains. For AuNP, a fluorescence quenching of the dye was found due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the dye to the AuNP, while QDs caused a fluorescence enhancement by FRET from the QD to the attached dyes. Due to the hetero‐telechelic geometry of the polymer, the separation between NP and dye is governed by the end‐to‐end distance of the polymer.magnified image
Conjugated Triphenylene Polymers for Blue OLED Devices
Authors: Saleh Moussa , Park Young‐Seo , Baumgarten Martin , Kim Jang‐Joo , Müllen Klaus 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThree polytriphenylene derivatives with phenyl and alkyl groups as side chains have been tested as blue light emitters. The best performance in terms of turn‐on voltage and luminance efficiencies was obtained for poly(2‐heptyl‐3‐(4‐octylphenyl)‐1,4‐diphenyl‐6,11‐triphenylenyl‐1,4‐benzene) (1), which was additionally blended with an electron‐transporting and a hole‐injection material in the device, and had an onset of 4.6 V and reached 0.73 cd · A−1.magnified image
Aerobic capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison of two submaximal test methods
Authors: Haglund E.K , Bremander A.B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground: In a clinical setting it is important to evaluate aerobic capacity in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to have a choice between tests, owing to disability of varying severity. Two submaximal tests, a bicycle ergometer test and a treadmill walking test, are commonly used. Despite expected differences in the results, these tests have been used interchangeably. The aim of the current study was to compare the results of the two tests, the size of the difference and factors expected to influence the results.Methods: Fifty‐two outpatients with RA performed the two tests. Agreement and correlations between the results of the tests were calculated. Multivariate analysis was used to study the relationships between gender, weight, health assessment questionnaire, global health assessment and the difference between the tests.Results: Sixty per cent of the subjects exhibited a higher estimated value of maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) in the treadmill test. The limits of agreement for the estimated V̇O2max values between the two methods ranged from −13.4 to +18.4 ml × min−1 × kg−1, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCTwo‐way mixed) was 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07, 0.56). Body weight was independently associated with the difference between the two tests (regression coefficient 0.3; 95% CI 0.14, 0.42). A higher body weight had a greater impact on the results of the bicycle test (R2 = 0.28; regression coefficient −0.3; 95% CI −0.47, −0.17) than on the treadmill walking test (R2 = 0.02; regression coefficient −0.06; 95% CI −0.14, 0.03).Conclusions: It is not advisable to use the two submaximal methods interchangeably. Weight influenced the difference between the two tests, and to a higher degree in the bicycle test than the treadmill walking test. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aus Zwei mach Eins — Jobbörse beim Wissenschaftsforum
Authors: Schmitz Karin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFür das GDCh‐Wissenschaftsforum 2009 werden das GDCh‐Jobcenter und die Frankfurter Jobbörse für Naturwissenschaftler zusammengelegt. Das Ergebnis ist ein Angebot für alle, die ihren Berufseinstieg planen.
Classification of prostatic diseases by means of multivariate analysis onin vivoproton MRSI and DCE‐MRI data
Authors: Valerio Mariacristina , Panebianco Valeria , Sciarra Alessandro , Osimani Marcello , Salsiccia Stefano , Casciani Lorena , Giuliani Alessandro , Bizzarri Mariano , Di Silverio Franco , Passariello Roberto , Conti Filippo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMultivariate analysis has been applied on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H‐MRSI) and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) data of patients with different prostatic diseases such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis and adenocarcinoma. Multivariate analysis offers a global view of the entire range of information coming from both the imaging and spectroscopic side of NMR technology, leading to an integrated picture of the system relying upon the entire metabolic and dynamic profile of the studied samples. In this study, we show how this approach, applied to1H‐MRSI/DCE‐MRI results, allows us to differentiate among the various prostatic diseases in a non‐invasive way with a 100% accuracy. These findings suggest that multivariate analysis of1H‐MRSI/DCE‐MRI can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy for these pathological entities. From a more theoretical point of view, the complementation of a single biomarker approach with an integrated picture of the entire metabolic and dynamic profile allows for a more realistic appreciation of pathological entities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of oxidative capacity among leg muscles in humans using gated 31P 2‐D chemical shift imaging
Authors: Forbes Sean C. , Slade Jill M. , Francis Ryan M. , Meyer Ronald A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn many small animals there are distinct differences in fiber‐type composition among limb muscles, and these differences typically correspond to marked disparities in the oxidative capacities. However, whether there are similar differences in the oxidative capacity among leg muscles in humans is less clear. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery, a functional in vivo marker of oxidative capacity, in the lateral and medial gastrocnemius, soleus, and the anterior compartment of the leg (primarily the tibialis anterior) of humans. Subjects performed plantar flexion and dorsiflexion gated exercise protocols consisting of 70 sets of three rapid dynamic contractions (<2.86 s) at 20 s intervals (total: 23.3 min). Starting after the sixth set of contractions, 31P 2‐D CSI (8 × 8 matrix, 14–16 cm FOV, 3 cm slice, TR 2.86 s) were acquired via a linear transmit/receive surface coil using a GE 3T Excite System. The CSI data were zero‐filled (32 × 32) and a single FID was produced for each time point in the lateral and medial gastrocnemius, soleus, and anterior compartment. The time constant for PCr recovery was calculated from τ = ‐Δt/ln[D/(D + Q)], where Q is the percentage change in PCr due to contraction during the steady‐state portion of the protocol, D the additional drop in PCr from rest, and Δt is the interval between contractions. The τ of PCr recovery was longer (p < 0.05) in the anterior compartment (32 ± 3 s) than in the lateral (23 ± 2 s) and medial gastrocnemius muscles (24 ± 3 s) and the soleus (22 ± 3 s) muscles. These findings suggest that the oxidative capacity is lower in the anterior compartment than in the triceps surae muscles and is consistent with the notion that fiber‐type phenotypes vary among the leg muscles of humans. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel efficient mesh motion using radial basis functions with application to multi‐bladed rotors
Authors: Rendall T. C. S. , Allen C. B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRadial basis functions are used to provide a solution to the problem of mesh motion for unsteady aerodynamic simulation. The method is independent of connectivity and produces high‐quality meshes, but is expensive for large meshes in its full form. Hence, the efficiency of the technique has been greatly improved here by reducing the number of surface points used to define deformations of the surface, and the minor error in position that this implies at other surface points is corrected with a simple decaying perturbation, thus splitting the method into a primary basis function method and a secondary local correction method. This means that the exact surface is retained, but the mesh motion is significantly faster, while splitting the motion into two stages allows both the methods to work on appropriate problems given their relative strengths. An example deformation for a 5×106 cell helicopter rotor mesh with an exaggerated cyclic pitch motion shows excellent mesh quality, thus validating a scheme that is also simple, robust and readily parallelized. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug safety alert generation and overriding in a large Dutch university medical centre
Authors: van der Sijs Heleen , Mulder Alexandra , van Gelder Teun , Aarts Jos , Berg Marc , Vulto Arnold 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate numbers and types of drug safety alerts generated and overridden in a large Dutch university medical centre.MethodsA disguised observation study lasting 25 days on two internal medicine wards evaluating alert generation and handling of alerts. A retrospective analysis was also performed of all drug safety alerts overridden in the hospital using pharmacy log files over 24 months.ResultsIn the disguised observation study 34% of the orders generated a drug safety alert of which 91% were overridden. The majority of alerts generated (56%) concerned drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and these were overridden more often (98%) than overdoses (89%) or duplicate orders (80%). All drug safety alerts concerning admission medicines were overridden.Retrospective analysis of pharmacy log files for all wards revealed one override per five prescriptions. Of all overrides, DDIs accounted for 59%, overdoses 24% and duplicate orders 17%. DDI alerts of medium‐level seriousness were overridden more often (55%) than low‐level (22%) or high‐level DDIs (19%). In 36% of DDI overrides, it would have been possible to monitor effects by measuring serum levels. The top 20 of overridden DDIs accounted for 76% of all DDI overrides.ConclusionsDrug safety alerts were generated in one third of orders and were frequently overridden. Duplicate order alerts more often resulted in order cancellation (20%) than did alerts for overdose (11%) or DDIs (2%). DDIs were most frequently overridden. Only a small number of DDIs caused these overrides. Studies on improvement of alert handling should focus on these frequently‐overridden DDIs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free radical copolymerization of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with styrene and methyl methacrylate: monomer reactivity ratios and glass transition temperatures
Authors: Šoljić Ivana , Jukić Ante , Janović Zvonimir 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The properties of copolymers depend strongly on their composition; therefore in order to tailor some for specific applications, it is necessary to control their synthesis, and, in particular, to know the reactivity ratios of their constituent monomers. Free radical copolymerizations of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEM) with styrene (ST) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) in toluene solution using 1‐di(tert‐butylperoxy)‐3,3,5‐trimethylcyclohexane as initiator at 70 °C were investigated. Monomer reactivity ratios were determined for low conversions using both linear and nonlinear methods.RESULTS: For the DMAEM/ST system the average values are r1 = 0.43 and r2 = 1.74; for the DMAEM/MMA system the average values are r1 = 0.85 and r2 = 0.86. The initial copolymerization rate, Rp, for DMAEM/ST sharply decreases as the content of ST in the monomer mixture increases up to 30 mol% and then attains a steady value. For the DMAEM/MMA copolymerization system the composition of the feed does not have a significant influence on Rp. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the copolymers were determined calorimetrically and calculated using Johnston's sequence length method. A linear dependence of Tg on copolymer composition for both systems is observed: Tg increases with increasing ST or MMA content.CONCLUSION: Copolymerization reactivity ratios enable the design of high‐conversion processes for the production of copolymers of well‐defined properties for particular applications, such as the improvement of rheological properties of lubricating mineral oils. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of differential proteomes in pathogenic and non‐pathogenic Leptospira: Potential pathogenic and virulence factors
Authors: Thongboonkerd Visith , Chiangjong Wararat , Saetun Putita , Sinchaikul Supachok , Chen Shui‐Tein , Kositanont Uraiwan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLeptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by spirochetes in the genus Leptospira. To date, factors determining the pathogenicity and virulence of leptospires remain unclear. We performed a gel‐based proteomic analysis to evaluate differential leptospiral proteomes in the pathogenic L. interrogans (serovars Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, and Icterohaemorrhagiae) and the non‐pathogenic L. biflexa (serovar Patoc). Quantitative proteome analysis and MS protein identification revealed 42 forms of 33 unique proteins whose levels were significantly greater in the pathogenic serovars compared with the non‐pathogenic serovar. Among the four pathogenic serovars, the more virulent serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (which is most commonly associated with severe leptospirosis in patients) had significantly greater levels of 14 forms of 12 unique proteins, when compared with the other three pathogenic serovars. Some of these identified proteins may serve as the pathogenic and/or virulence factors of leptospirosis.
Comparative proteomic profiles of the hepatopancreas in Fenneropenaeus chinensis response to hypoxic stress
Authors: Jiang Hao , Li Fuhua , Xie Yusu , Huang Bingxin , Zhang Jinkang , Zhang Jiquan , Zhang Chengsong , Li Shihao , Xiang Jianhai 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHypoxia, as one suboptimal environmental condition, can affect the physiological state of shrimp during pond aquaculture. To better understand the mechanism of response to hypoxic stress in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, proteome research approach was utilized. Differentially expressed proteins of hepatopancreas in adult Chinese shrimp between the control and hypoxia‐stressed groups were screened. By 2‐DE analysis, 67 spots showed obvious changes after hypoxia. Using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS, 51 spots representing 33 proteins were identified including preamylase, arginine kinase, phosphopyruvate hydratase, citrate synthase, ATP synthase alpha subunit, chymotrypsin BI, chitinase, ferritin, C‐type lectin receptors, transketolase, formylglutathione hydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase, protein disulfide isomerase, β‐actin, oncoprotein nm23, crustacyanin‐C1 and so on. These proteins could be functionally classified into several groups such as proteins related to energy production, metabolism‐related proteins, immune‐related proteins, antioxidant proteins, chaperones, cytoskeleton proteins and ungrouped proteins. The transcription levels of ten selected genes encode the identified proteins were analyzed by real‐time PCR at different sampling times of hypoxia. This study is the first analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the hepatopancreas of shrimp after hypoxia and provides a new insight for further study in hypoxic stress response of shrimp at the protein level.
Analysis of the membrane proteome of canine pancreatic rough microsomes identifies a novel Hsp40, termed ERj7
Authors: Zahedi René P. , Völzing Christian , Schmitt Andreas , Frien Michael , Jung Martin , Dudek Johanna , Wortelkamp Stefanie , Sickmann Albert , Zimmermann Richard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe rough ER (rER) plays a central role in the biogenesis of most extracellular and many organellar proteins in eukaryotic cells. Cells that are specialized in protein secretion, such as pancreatic cells, are particularly rich in rER. In the process of cell homogenization, the rER is converted into ribosome‐studded vesicles, the so‐called rough microsomes. Here we report on a membrane proteomic analysis of canine pancreatic rough microsomes. Special emphasis was placed on components involved in the various aspects of protein biogenesis, such as protein transport, protein folding, protein modification, and protein degradation. Our results indicate that the Hsp70‐chaperone network that is present in the pancreatic ER is even more complex than previously thought, and suggest that the pancreatic rER has a significant capacity for protein degradation.
Phosphoproteomic analysis of the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi at the epimastigote stage
Authors: Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Gaynor Matthew R. , Sobreira Tiago J. P. , Ross Jeremy A. , Almeida Igor C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, which affects millions of people in Latin America and has become a public health concern in the United States and areas of Europe. The possibility that kinase inhibitors represent novel anti‐parasitic agents is currently being explored. However, fundamental understanding of the cell‐signaling networks requires the detailed analysis of the involved phosphorylated proteins. Here, we have performed a comprehensive MS‐based phosphorylation mapping of phosphoproteins from T. cruzi epimastigote forms. Our LC‐MS/MS, dual‐stage fragmentation, and multistage activation analysis has identified 237 phosphopeptides from 119 distinct proteins. Furthermore, 220 phosphorylation sites were unambiguously mapped: 148 on serine, 57 on threonine, and 8 on tyrosine. In addition, immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis confirmed the presence of at least seven tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins in T. cruzi. The identified phosphoproteins were subjected to Gene Ontology, InterPro, and BLAST analysis, and categorized based on their role in cell structure, motility, transportation, metabolism, pathogenesis, DNA/RNA/protein turnover, and signaling. Taken together, our phosphoproteomic data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms governed by protein kinases and phosphatases in T. cruzi. We discuss the potential roles of the identified phosphoproteins in parasite physiology and drug development.
Photocatalytically Active Titania Layers: Production at Ambient Temperature and Characterisation of Biological Properties
Authors: Chappuis Sidney , Campiche Anna , Gilliéron Damien , Moser Eva Maria , Lausmaa Jukka , Reller Armin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe production of phase‐pure, photocatalytically active titania layers at ambient temperature is described. This novel synthesis route has been achieved by using direct‐current reactive magnetron sputtering as well as plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition processes. As a consequence substrates degrading under increased temperature such as, e.g., polymers, biological fibres, tissues, etc., may be coated. The obtained titania coatings are characterised with respect to structure, morphology, phase purity and biological activity. The results of these investigations confirm promising and reproducible photocatalytic, biocompatible as well as bioactive properties.magnified image
Optical output power‐dependent degradation mechanism of 445 nm InGaN blue laser
Authors: Kim Kyu‐Sang , Sung Y. J. , Paek H. S. , Lee S. N. , Jang T. , Son J. K. , Park Y. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe degradation characteristics of InGaN‐based blue laser diodes (LDs) are investigated at an emission wavelength of 445 nm. Two different LDs are used to determine the distinct failure characteristics with mirror reflectivities of 54% and 78%. Blue LDs are operated with the same current injection during a 1000 h reliability test. Each LD gives an output power of 100 mW and 50 mW at reflectivities of 54% and 78%, respectively. A slight threshold current increase is observed after 1000 h of aging at 50 mW, while the slope efficiency remains constant at its initial level before aging. At 100 mW, the slope efficiency (threshold current) increases 25% (100%) compared to values before aging. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Negative effect of arsenic on indium composition of InGaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Na Hyunseok 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInGaN/GaN multiple quantum‐well structures and In–GaN/ GaN multilayers were grown on GaN/sapphire substrates by low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. As the tertiarybutylarsine flow rate increased, we observed various unexpected structural and optical results. These results were attributed to the reduction of In composition in InGaN from 10% to 3.7% with an increase of the TBA flow rate up to 1 μmol/min, as characterized by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Interestingly, the As concentration was also reduced slightly, accompanying the decrease in In composition. This unexpected result came from changed surface kinetics not from a gas‐phase reaction. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Giant magnetoimpedance effects in patterned Co‐based ribbons with a meander structure
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhou Yong , Zhou Zhi‐Min , Ding Wen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLongitudinal and transverse giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effects in micropatterned ribbons (Metglas® 2714A) with meander structure are investigated. The maximum longitudinal GMI ratio of the ribbons is 180.4% and it presents to HL = 10 Oe and an AC frequency f = 20 MHz. In the range of 0–10 Oe, the GMI sensitivity of ribbons is 8.1%/Oe at 20 MHz. The maximum transverse GMI ratio is much less than the longitudinal one and the position of GMI extreme value is corresponding to higher magnetic field. The difference between the longitudinal and the transverse GMI effect is due to two main reasons: one is the easy axis deviates from the transverse direction of the sample; another is the demagnetizing factor D⊥ effect on the longitudinal permeability. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)