bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shipping Company on the Lake Baikal: From the First Idea to the Implementation of the Plan
Authors: Raspopina Alena 
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the formation of steamship communication on the lake. Baikal. Based on a corpus of sources from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive and the Russian Navy Archive, the process of establishing a shipping company on Lake Baikal is studied in detail. An attempt is made to trace the relationship between the dissolution of the Irkutsk Admiralty and the granting of the privilege to open steamship routes along the Siberian rivers to the richest Siberian gold miner N.F. Myasnikov, whose petition, although it was far from the first, but given the confluence of circumstances, turned out to be submitted very timely. Proposals about the possibility of starting voyages through Baikal on steamships were received repeatedly back in the 1820s. and, although they were expressed by naval officers who were serving on Lake Baikal at that time and who saw the advantages of using steam ships, all their ideas were recognized by the state as premature. First of all, this was due to the costs that the state would have to bear if a decision was made on the need to organize steamship routes through Baikal. Request from N.F. Myas­nikova’s proposal to grant the privilege of steamship communication on the Siberian rivers received considerable sympathy in the highest echelons of power, and a positive decision was made on it very quickly. Archival material containing correspondence between the Main Directorate of Eastern Siberia and the Main Directorate of Communications and Public Buildings made it possible to trace how the process of implementing N.F. Myasnikov’s plan went, what difficulties the entrepreneur had to face during the construction of steamships and the opening of permanent steamship routes across Baikal. Only the presence of solid capital could allow the first owners of shipping companies to carry out their plans without going bankrupt, given that the income from the shipping company, as a rule, did not significantly exceed the costs of its maintenance.
Changes in clinical guidelines for the treatment of colorectal cancer in 2024
Authors: Gordeev S. S. , Fedyanin M. Yu. , Chernykh M. V. , Rubakov Ye. G. , Karachun A. M. , Nevolskikh A. A. , Tryakin A. A. , Mamedli Z. Z. 
Published: May 2024

Aim. The ensuring that changes to clinical guidelines can be discussed more widely before they are formally introduced into clinical practice.Materials and methods. A brief review of the literature and rationale for each proposed major change in the treatment section is presented. The refusal to carry out preoperative radiation therapy for cancer of the upper ampullary rectum, the narrowing of indications for preoperative radiation therapy for cancer of the mid-ampullary rectum, as well as the expansion of indications for total non-adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with damage to the circular resection margin are discussed. Changes to the drug treatment section are discussed.Results. This article presents planned changes to clinical guidelines for the treatment of non-metastatic colorectal cancer in 2024. The most significant alterations concerned neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer and adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. A new algorithm was proposed for choosing rectal cancer neoadjuvant therapy, considering individual treatment decisions.Conclusion. A consensus was achieved concerning the necessity to expand indications for neoadjuvant rectal cancer chemotherapy, but only in patients with good functional status. The most benefit can be achieved in patients, for whom complete clinical response is the aim of the treatment and in patients with positive circumferential resection margin.
Clinical, epidemiological and genetic features of colorectal cancer
Authors: Kukanova A. M. , Bekisheva A. T. , Makishev A. K. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The incidence of colorectal cancer for 2020 was 1931590 cases, which is 10 % of all new cases of incidence, and mortality from colorectal cancer ranks 2nd among cancer deaths, it is 935 173 cases (9.4 %) according to Globocan 2020. According to statistics of the Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology for 2019–2020 сolorectal cancer ranks 3rd in the structure of oncopathology, both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of colorectal cancer is associated with an interaction that occurs at several levels between hereditary, environmental and individual factors. Understanding the molecular basis is important because it can identify factors that initiate development, maintain progression, and determine response or resistance to anticancer agents.Aim. To describe the main genetic mutations and their impact on treatment prognosis, diagnosis and course of colorectal cancer.Materials and methods. A systematic literature review of scientific databases Cochrane, PubMEd, MedLine, Elsevier was carried out. For the main search, the main search terms are formulated: colorectal cancer, mutations in colorectal cancer, molecular genetic studies in colorectal cancer, mutation of the KRAS gene. Also, a time range was set no later than 5 years, i. e. all articles published from 2017 to the current year.Results. The main molecular changes in colorectal cancer are Chromosome instability, microsatellite instability, and abnormal DNA methylation. Suppressor genes, such as Ras, EGFR (Erb-B1), Erb-B2, TGF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1, are also of great importance.Conclusion. Research that contributes to the understanding of the molecular basis of colorectal cancer helps in the early diagnosis of familial cancer, treatment prognosis and a personalized approach to patient treatment.
Comparison of short-term outcomes of D2 and D3 lymph nodes dissection for colon cancer
Authors: Balaban V. V. , Mutyk M. G. , Bondarenko N. V. , Zolotukhin S. E. , Sovpel O. V. , Sovpel I. V. , Klochkov M. M. , Zykov D. S. , Rublevskyi I. V. , Tulina I. A. , Nekoval V. M. , Barkhatov S. I. , Vasilyev A. E. , Tsarkov P. V. 
Published: May 2024

Background. D3 lymph node dissection remains controversial in colon cancer surgery.Aim. To compare the short-term of D2 and D3 lymph nodes dissection for colon cancer.Materials and methods. Design of the study – prospective randomize controlled study. Inclusion criteria: age over 18 years, colon adenocarcinoma cT3–4n0–2m0, patient consent to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria: distant metastases diagnosed preoperatively, cTis–T2, cT4b (pancreas, stomach, small intestine, ureter, bladder, kidney), emergent cases (limited to tumor perforation, acute bowel obstruction), history of previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, synchronous or metachronous cancer, pregnancy or breastfeeding, refusal to participate in the study. withdrawal criteria were exploratory laparotomy/laparoscopy or other reasons for refusing resection.Results. A total of 436 patients were included in the study no differences were found in the clinical characteristics of groups D2 and D3. In the D2 lymph node dissection group the incidence of unintentional vascular injuries was in 7 (3.2 %) patients, in the D3 lymph node dissection group – in 15 (6.9 %) patients (p = 0.12). The operating time increased by 30 minutes in D3 lymph node dissection group (p p = 0.42). Hartmann’s procedure was performed in 2 (0.9 %) patients in the D2 lymph node dissection group. Complications IIIb were recorded in 5 (2.3 %) and 9 (4.1 %) patients in lymph node dissection groups D2 and D3, respectively (p = 0.42). Anastomotic leakage was not observed in the D2 lymph node dissection group; in the D3 lymph node dissection group, it was diagnosed in 3 (1.4 %) patients (p = 0.25). postoperative multiple-organ failure (Iv) or mortality (v) were not observed. grade 3 quality of the specimen was observed in 160 (73.4 %) patients in the D2 lymph node dissection group, 163 (74.8 %) in the D3 lymph node dissection group (p = 0.79). The median number of lymph node harvested was 11 more in the D3 lymph node dissection group (p < 0.001). Apical lymph nodes were positive in 5 (2.3 %) patients in the D3 lymph node dissection group. There was no difference between the groups in R0 resection margin.Conclusion. D3 lymph node dissection is safe in terms of short-term outcomes in the treatment of colon cancer.
Diagnosis and treatment of retrorectal cystic hamartoma: clinical case
Authors: Zvezda S. A. , Dimitriadi D. G. , Tamrazov P. I. , Simonov A. V. , Frank E. M. , Fedorov N. M. , Komarova L. N. 
Published: May 2024

Background. Retrorectal tumors are a rare group of tumors that can be benign or malignant in origin; in most cases, they are asymptomatic. They mainly arise in the presacral space, which is limited by Waldeyer’s fascia posteriorly, the rectal fascia proper anteriorly, the ureters and lateral ligaments of the rectum laterally, the levator ani muscles and coccyx inferiorly, and the transition of the pelvic peritoneum between the second and third sacral segments superiorly. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for diagnosis and surgical planning. Most retrorectal tumors require surgical treatment without preoperative biopsy. Here, we present a case of a retrorectal cystic hamartoma that was treated with surgery.Clinical case. Patient N., 45 years old, presented with suspected pelvic malformation. The patient reported experiencing pain in the sacrum area since May 2023, with no history of trauma. She sought medical help at a local polyclinic, where an ultrasound of the pelvic organs revealed a pelvic mass. The patient was then referred to an oncologist at the Multidisciplinary Clinical Medical Center “Medical City”. Physical examination showed no specific features, except upon rectal examination, where a non-displaced tumor measuring up to 2 cm was palpated along the posterior rectal wall. MRI of the pelvic organs confirmed the presence of a mass behind the lower ampullary rectum. Surgical treatment was subsequently performed, and the diagnosis of teratoma was confirmed through morphological and immunohistochemical studies.Conclusion. Early comprehensive diagnostics and an experienced surgical team are key factors for successful treatment of patients with retrorectal tumors.
Intraoperative partial thickness compression suturing for descemet’s membrane detachment: A Novel technique
Authors: Raj Anuradha , Raj Rajnish 
Published: May 2024

: To evaluate the efficacy of partial thickness transcorneal compression suturing with air desmetopexy in descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD) during cataract surgery: This is a retrospective review of records of patients who were managed for non-planar DMDs during phacoemulsification or small incision cataract surgery with partial thickness suturing with air descemetopexy in virgin eyes. : A total of fifteen cases were identified including 11 females and 4 males with average age of 67 years. All patients involved in the study underwent uneventful cataract surgery. All 15 cases involved in the study with DMD during cataract surgery were caused by intra-operative trauma during different instrumentations. Five cases had peripheral DMDs and ten cases had central DMDs. The average size of non-planar DMD was 4 mm. Ten cases had DMDs with scrolled margins. Eight patients achieved the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/6 at the end of one month with clear corneas. Descemet’s membrane (DM) got completely attached at two weeks follow-up. The suture removal was done approximately after one month of follow-up. : Partial thickness transcorneal compression suturing with air desmetopexy in non-planar DMD is very helpful in recovering traumatic corneal edema during cataract surgery.
Visual outcome of cataract surgery in paediatric uveitis
Authors: Radhakrishnan Natasha , Radhakrishnan Anil , Balan Suma , Kandula Pooja 
Published: May 2024

1. To analyse the visual outcome in patients of paediatric uveitis who underwent cataract surgery; 2. To analyse the post-operative complications of cataract surgery in paediatric uveitis.Retrospective observational study was done on patients of uveitis who underwent cataract surgery. Patients who were under 18 years and co-operative for examination were included.They underwent Phacoaspiration with posterior chamber IOL implantation by a single surgeon after 3 months of activity free interval, BCVA(in Log MAR) in every follow up, anterior segment examination using slit lamp and posterior segment examination using IDO, post-operative complications and Intra ocular pressure was recorded using Noncontact tonometer.Uveitis was classified using the SUN classification of uveitis. Use of corticosteroids, biologics and immunosuppressive drug were collected at each visit. Total of 18 subjects diagnosed with cataract as a complication of uveitis & undergone cataract surgery were studied (6 were females, 12 were males) 9 had anterior uveitis, 1had intermediate uveitis and 5 had pan uveitis. JRA (66.7%) was the most common cause identified. Improvement in vision from baseline was observed post-surgery at the end of first, third and 6th month which was statistically significant (P- Value &#60;0.05). Average duration of disease before they underwent surgery was 18 months. Most common post op complication was posterior capsular opacification (50 %), others include secondary glaucoma (38.9), exudative retinal detachment (5.6%) and Vitritis (22.2%)Unlike adult uveitic patients, the surgical management of paediatric uveitic cataract is both challenging and controversial, and the surgery itself has been associated with poor visual outcomes. However, our study had shown that with implantation of IOL, good immunosuppressants and control of the disease can give these children a good visual outcome.
Imperial Acculturation Policy in the South-Eastern Frontier Zone as a Subject of Study in Russian Historiography
Authors: Magomedov Ramazan 
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the problems and conceptual approaches of research on the history of acculturation policy of the Russian Empire in relation to the annexed territories, which are reflected in the works of modern domestic researchers. The discussion around the acculturation model of understanding the empire as a methodological alternative to the colonial approach is summarized. The article notes the contribution of the researcher S. V. Lyubichankovskiy in the development of the concept of acculturation as a methodological basis for historical research, which, in his opinion, does not contradict the model of colonialism. On the contrary, both theoretical constructs complement each other. S. V. Lyubichankovskiy sees the advantage of the acculturation model in the fact that it is more universal, which allows successfully solving research problems. Through the prism of historiography the history of imperial policy on the integration of nomadic and semi-nomadic ethnoses inhabiting the zone of the south-eastern frontier into the economic and socio-cultural space of the Russian state is shown. The study of the main directions of acculturation policy in relation to the ethnic groups that inhabited the Ural-Volga and Central Asian territories is summarized.
La sociopragmática: una herramienta epistemológica para el análisis crítico del discurso
Authors: Flores Treviño María Eugenia 
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Este trabajo describe un taller de tipo interactivo basado en una aplicación del análisis crítico del discurso, enmarcado desde una posición enunciativo-pragmática que considera las condiciones de producción, circulación y recepción del discurso, para mostrar la utilidad de la Sociopragmática en esta área.
Originalidad/aporte: La sociopragmática como una herramienta epistemológica para el análisis crítico del discurso.
Método y estrategias/recolección de información:La primera fase contiene un esbozo del campo conceptual de las áreas disciplinares implicadas. Las categorías cognitivas se refieren al concepto de acciones lingüísticas, a la ideología de género y a la ideología en el lenguaje que serán útiles para sustentar las posturas y prejuicios encontrados; se consideran los marcos sociales de referencia que generan la estigmatización resultante. Se emplea el concepto de imagen social, y otras aportaciones que lo complementan, como el imaginario sociodiscursivo, la direccionalidad y el efecto de las actividades de imagen, elementos que, en amalgama ideológica, colaboran en la interpretación de las actividades de imagen y en aquella socialmente proyectada. En la segunda fase se desarrolla un trabajo grupal de examen, registro y documentación de las marcas indiciales, acciones, recursos y otros elementos discursivos, que facilitan el construir una aproximación. Apuesto por la utilidad heurística que posee la articulación de una mirada interdisciplinar en una muestra del discurso popular. La experiencia podrá extrapolarse a otros objetos de estudio de los talleristas.
Conclusiones: En este trabajo se ha cumplido con el propósito previsto, que era ilustrar cómo un análisis crítico del discurso —que echa mano de algunas herramientas relacionadas con distintas disciplinas, entre ellas la sociopragmática— posibilita el acceso didáctico a varios niveles de análisis que facilitan la interpretación del sentido discursivo.
Enseñanzas y resistencias; la historia de Segunda Paz Copete Murillo una maestra afro
Authors: Cárdenas Forero Marco Tulio 
Published: May 2024

Objetivo; El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la trayectoria pedagógica de la docente afrodescendiente Segunda Paz Copete Murillo, visibilizando su historia de vida, sus confrontaciones y resistencias que han impactado y transformado el campo socio educativo local y regional en Bogotá en la segunda mitad del siglo XX.
Originalidad; Destaca los aportes educativos de una maestra afrodescendiente en contextos de tensión y exclusión.
Método/estrategias de recolección de información; Esta investigación utiliza como metodología los relatos e historias de vida de sujetos que han incidido en transformaciones sociales y pedagógicas por medio su liderazgo docente. Como método se implementa el análisis de contenido articulado con estrategias de recolección de información como entrevistas no estructuradas, fuentes primarias (textos escolares, legislaciones, fotos, actas, entre otros), las cuales permiten describir una serie de acontecimientos que propiciaron cambios en el contexto donde desarrollo su labor a través de indicadores como experiencias pedagógicas, motivaciones, militancias, logros, aportes, tensiones y dificultades.
Conclusiones; Aporta a la construcción de conocimiento histórico – educativo al explorar y documentar la historia de vida de la docente, proporcionando una perspectiva sobre los aportes y diferencias en los contextos educativos donde desempeñó su labor. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian la influencia de la trayectoria de una maestra afrodescendiente en la transformación de prácticas pedagógicas locales y regionales, destacando estrategias innovadoras y enfoques inclusivos.
El paso de la Universidad Jesuítica a la Republicana en Argentina
Authors: Vera de Flachs María Cristina 
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: En este texto nos proponemos analizar el paso de una universidad jesuítica a la universidad republicana en la República Argentina, a través de la Historia de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, primer centro de estudios superiores del país.
Originalidad/aporte: El aporte de este artículo es resaltar la importancia de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba desde su fundación hasta el traspaso a la Nación y la influencia de algunos movimientos filosóficos que influyeron para que esta alta casa de estudios pudiera dar la primera Reforma Universitaria que trascendió a Latinoamérica. Y analizar los cambios suscitados en los años subsiguientes.
Método: La metodología seguida en este trabajo se enfoca en la historia de las universidades, analizando las ideas vigentes en los distintos periodos abordados.
Estrategias/recolección de información Para realizar este articulo nos hemos valido de las fuentes documentales existentes en los repositorios universitarios, artículos periodísticos y la bibliografía especializada sobre el tema que se anexa y mis propias investigaciones.
Conclusiones: Al tratarse de un periodo tan extenso, hemos tratado de sintetizar parte de la historia de la Universidad de Córdoba, una institución nacida en la época colonial, llena de imperfecciones y un poco complicada en algunos momentos de su vida que, ha vivido dentro y fuera de sus claustros los acontecimientos políticos más importantes del país. Sin embargo, desde siempre ha sido una universidad inquieta. Su carácter incisivo, político e independiente que caracteriza al cordobés constituyó una cierta unidad con la Universidad, donde sus virtudes y defectos alcanzan su plenitud.
Docentes de dos escuelas multigrado del área rural del municipio de Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Una realidad Educativa invisibilizada
Authors: Félix López Wilfido Bosbelí 
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la realidad educativa en dos escuelas donde laboraron igual número de docentes que atienden más de un grado del área rural de Huehuetenango, uno de los municipios más grandes del país cuyas condiciones de pobreza, ruralidad e indigenismo se hacen presentes. Esta modalidad se presenta como alternativa para la niñez que habita en comunidades en condiciones de pobreza y con características demográficas y geográficas que dificultan el acceso a una mejor oferta educativa.
Originalidad/aporte: Visibilizar la realidad común que realizan muchos docentes que se desempeñan en contextos rurales excluidos. Estos docentes han sido formados técnica y metodológicamente para área urbana con realidades contrarias a los contextos donde laboran. Hacer evidente los niveles de creatividad para encontrar alternativas metodológicas que facilitan su trabajo.
Método: Es una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, diseño descriptivo y alcance exploratorio realizado desde el contexto natural de los docentes, permitiendo explorar, comprender y describir su realidad educativa como tema poco estudiado.
Estrategias/recolección de información: se utilizó la entrevista en profundidad para docentes y la observación no participante para verificar el desempeño de los estudiantes.
Conclusiones: Se estableció que, la realidad educativa de los docentes de escuelas multigrado evidencia que, hacen su mayor esfuerzo para trabajar con los estudiantes, con precaria formación inicial y continua; creando alternativas metodológicas surgidas de la necesidad del contexto, con apoyo de estudiantes de grados superiores que se convierten en monitores. Presentan déficit de materiales y recursos educativos, así como ausencia de un currículum educativo específico.