bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric working volume of a satellite positive displacement machine
Authors: Sliwinski Pawel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article describes a method for determining the geometric working volume of satellite positive displacement machines (pump and motor). The working mechanism of these machines is satellite mechanism consisting of two non-circular gears (rotor and curvature) and circular gears (satellites). Two variants of the satellite mechanism are presented. In the first mechanism, the rolling line of the rotor is a sinusoid "wrapped" around a circle. In the second mechanism, the rolling line of the rotor is a double sinusoid "wrapped" around a circle. A method for calculating the area of the working chamber as a function of the rotor rotation angle is presented, based on mathematical formulae of the rotor, the curvature and the satellite rolling lines. It has been shown that the second variant of the satellite mechanism is advantageously characterised by a larger difference between the maximum area of the working chamber and the minimum area of this chamber. New mathematical formulas have been proposed to calculate the area of the working chamber for any angle of rotation of the shaft (rotor) based on the maximum and minimum values of the area of this chamber. It was thus confirmed that the geometric working volume depends on the maximum and minimum area of a working chamber and on the height of the satellite mechanism. The analyses of the area of the working chamber were carried out both for the mechanism without gears (the area delimited by the rolling lines of the elements of the mechanism) and for the real mechanism with gears. Differences in the values of these fields were also detected.
Screw dislocation in a Rashba spin-orbit coupled $$\alpha$$-$$T_3$$ Aharonov–Bohm quantum ring
Authors: Islam Mijanur , Basu Saurabh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the effect of a topological defect, such as a screw dislocation in an $$\alpha$$
α
-$$T_3$$

T
3

Aharonov–Bohm quantum ring and scrutinized the effects of an external transverse magnetic field and Rashba spin-orbit coupling therein. The screw dislocation yields an effective flux which reshape the periodic oscillations in the persistent current in both charge and spin sectors, with a period equal to one flux quantum. Moreover, they suffer a phase shift proportional to the degree of dislocation, and include scattering effects due to the dislocation present in the system. Such tunable oscillation of the spin persistent current highlights applications of our system as potential spintronic devices. Further, the behaviour of the current induced by the Burgers vector ($$b^z$$

b
z

) which denotes the strength of the dislocation is investigated in the absence and presence of an external magnetic field. In both the scenarios, an almost linear decrease in the current profile as a function of the Burgers vector is observed. Notably, without the external magnetic field, the Burgers current suffers a back flow for $$\alpha =1$$

α
=
1

(dice lattice), while in the presence of the external magnetic field, for other values of $$\alpha$$
α
(e.g., $$\alpha =0.5$$

α
=
0.5

) this back flow occurs for a specific value of $$b^z$$

b
z

. Additionally, the presence of the distortion induces a chirality effect, giving rise to an additional chiral current even in the absence of an external field. Furthermore, in the absence of field, the Burgers spin current initially rises, attains a maximum before diminishing as $$b^z$$

b
z

is enhance for all values of $$\alpha$$
α
. However, such a non-monotonicity in the Burgers spin current is conspicuously non-existent in the presence of an external field. The chiral current discussed above may hold important applications to spintronics.
Mechanistic insights into SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induction of the chemokine CXCL10
Authors: Ghazanfari Davoud , Courreges Maria Cecilia , Belinski Lydia E. , Hogrell Michael J. , Lloyd Jacob , C. Bergmeier Stephen , McCall Kelly D. , Goetz Douglas J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring a SARS-CoV-2 infection, macrophages recognize viral components resulting in cytokine production. While this response fuels virus elimination, overexpression of cytokines can lead to severe COVID-19. Previous studies suggest that the spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 can elicit cytokine production via the transcription factor NF-κB and the toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we found that: (i) S and the S2 subunit induce CXCL10, a chemokine implicated in severe COVID-19, gene expression by human macrophage cells (THP-1); (ii) a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor attenuates this induction; (iii) S and S2 do not activate NF-κB but do activate the transcription factor IRF; (iv) S and S2 do not require TLR2 to elicit CXCL10 production or activate IRF; and (v) S and S2 elicit CXCL10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also discovered that the cellular response, or lack thereof, to S and S2 is a function of the recombinant S and S2 used. While such a finding raises the possibility of confounding LPS contamination, we offer evidence that potential contaminating LPS does not underly induced increases in CXCL10. Combined, these results provide insights into the complex immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and suggest possible therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19.
A ResNet mini architecture for brain age prediction
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Duan Si-Yuan , Wang Si-Qi , Chen Yao-Wen , Lai Shi-Xin , Zou Ji-Sheng , Cheng Yan , Guan Ji-Tian , Wu Ren-Hua , Zhang Xiao-Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe brain presents age-related structural and functional changes in the human life, with different extends between subjects and groups. Brain age prediction can be used to evaluate the development and aging of human brain, as well as providing valuable information for neurodevelopment and disease diagnosis. Many contributions have been made for this purpose, resorting to different machine learning methods. To solve this task and reduce memory resource consumption, we develop a mini architecture of only 10 layers by modifying the deep residual neural network (ResNet), named ResNet mini architecture. To support the ResNet mini architecture in brain age prediction, the brain age dataset (OpenNeuro #ds000228) that consists of 155 study participants (three classes) and the Alzheimer MRI preprocessed dataset that consists of 6400 images (four classes) are employed. We compared the performance of the ResNet mini architecture with other popular networks using the two considered datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture exhibits generality and robustness with high accuracy and less parameter number.
Remote sensing inversion on heavy metal content in salinized soil of Yellow River Delta based on Random Forest Regression—a case study of Gudao Town
Authors: Fu Pingjie , Li Xiaotong , Zhang Jiawei , Ma Chijie , Wang Yuqiang , Meng Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo explore the potential of using the mineral alteration information extracted by remote sensing technology to indirectly estimate the heavy metal content of salinized soil, 23 sampling points were uniformly set up in the town of Gudao in the Yellow River Delta as the research area in 2022. The concentrations of seven heavy metals, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Mn and Ni, at the sampling points were determined in laboratory tests. Spectral derivative indices, topographic factors, and mineral alteration information (iron staining, hydroxyl, and carbonate ions) were extracted and screened as modeling factors using Sentinel 2 imagery. An inverse model of heavy metal content was constructed using the random forest algorithm, and the model accuracy was evaluated using the cross-validation method. The results of the study show that: (1) Hydroxyl and carbonate ion alteration can be effectively used for the inversion of soil As and Ni content in this study area. Iron-stained alteration can be used as a modeling factor in the inversion of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mn concentrations. (2) The inclusion of alteration information improves the accuracy of heavy metal content inversion. The Cu concentration was verified to be the best predictor, with an RMSE of 3.309, MAPE of 11.072%, and R2 of 0.904, followed by As, Ni, and Zn; the predictive value of Mn, Cr and Pb was average. (3) Based on the results of concentration inversion, the high concentration areas of As, Ni, and Mn are primarily distributed on both sides of the river and around lakes and ponds. The high-concentration areas of Zn were mainly distributed in the farmland areas on both sides of the river. Areas with high concentrations of Cu were mainly distributed in the eastern oil extraction area, both sides of the rivers, and around lakes.
Biswulfenioidins A–E, dioxygen-bridged abietane-type diterpenoid dimers with anti-Zika virus potential from Orthosiphon wulfenioides
Authors: Tu Wen-Chao , Huang Yong-Xiang , Kong Yuan-Lin , Li Bo , Wang Bin-Bao , Dong Tian-Hao , Chen Wei-Chi , Zeb Muhammad Aurang , Li Xiao-Li , Liu Mei-Feng , Zheng Chang-Bo , Xiao Wei-Lie 
Published: May 2024

Six dioxygen-bridged abietane-type diterpenoid dimers with unprecedented angular fused and rare parallel fused structures were isolated from Orthosiphon wulfenioides. Notably, compounds 5 and 6 showed potent activity against ZIKV by inhibiting the expression of the E and NS5 protein.
Productions of Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Third Edition Stimulus Words Among Teenage Speakers of Anguillian Eastern Caribbean English
Authors: Franklin Amber D. , Turner Chloe , Lindsay Nurse Keisha T. , Arline Cheryl 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
This study documents consonant and vowel variation in typically developing teenage speakers of Anguillian English, demonstrates how consonant variation impacts performance on the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Third Edition (GFTA-3), and provides culturally responsive clinical recommendations for GFTA-3 scoring involving native speakers of Anguillian English.

Method:
Twenty Anguillian teenagers (14;3–17;9 [years;months]) completed the GFTA-3 Sounds in Words subtest. The audio-recorded productions were phonetically transcribed and analyzed to determine consonant and vowel variations that differed from Mainstream U.S. English. To demonstrate the importance of culturally responsive assessment, deficit scores were compared with language-appropriate scores.

Results:

Anguillian consonant variation heavily impacted GFTA-3 stimuli that were meant to elicit /ɚ/, postvocalic /ɹ/, interdental fricatives, and present participle /ŋ/. Vowel variations included production of /ʌɪ/ in
knife,
/ɑɪ/ in
boy,
and /oʊ/ in
house.
Some speakers demonstrated more consistent use of Anguillian speech variation than others. When language-appropriate scoring was not used, 19 of the 20 participants scored below the first percentile in the Sounds in Words subtest.

Conclusions:
Culturally and linguistically responsive practices and tools are needed throughout the Eastern Caribbean region. This study's description of Anguillian English speech variation in GFTA-3 stimuli is a resource that will improve culturally responsive speech sound assessment in Anguillian children. We encourage clinicians and researchers to replicate this study with speakers of other Eastern Caribbean English languages.
Microalgae detection based on improved YOLOv5
Authors: Duan Ziqiang , Xie Ting , Wang Lucai , Chen Yang , Wu Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccurate detection of algae in microscopic image plays a crucial role in water quality monitoring. However, the existing object detection methods still face challenges in accurately detecting different categories of algae in microscopic image. In order to improve the accuracy, an improved YOLOv5s model is proposed for microalgae detection, by combining a Receptive Field Enhancement (RFE) module, the Wise‐IoU v3 dynamic non‐monotonic focal loss function, and a Dynamic head (Dyhead), which is termed receptive field enhancement wise‐IoU dyhead (RWD)‐you only look once (YOLO). Firstly, to detect microalgae of various scales, the Bottleneck in the C3 module of YOLOv5s is replaced with a more reasonable RFE module. Secondly, Wise‐IoU v3 is applied to enhance detection accuracy by assigning varying weights between high‐quality and low‐quality images. Finally, Dyhead is introduced to enhance the representation capacity of the detection head by integrating three attention mechanisms: scale awareness, spatial awareness, and task awareness. The proposed RWD‐YOLO model significantly enhances the accuracy of algae detection in microscopic image. Specifically, the experimental results on the microalgae dataset show that the RWD‐YOLO achieves an mAP@0.5 of 93.2% and an mAP@0.5:0.95 of 65.1%. Compared to the original YOLOv5s, mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 are improved by 3.7% and 5.7%, respectively.
Supplementierung von Vitaminen und Spurenelementen bei urologischen Malignomen
Authors: Bauer-Büntzel Christoph , Büntzel Judith 
Published: May 2024

SummaryDie Einnahme von Vitaminen und Spurenelementen zählt zu den biologischen Verfahren der Komplementärmedizin. Sie wird von Patient*innen zur Prophylaxe und auch zur (Supportiv-)Therapie bei Krebserkrankungen eingesetzt. Die S3-Leitlinie „Komplementärmedizin in der Behandlung onkologischer PatientInnen“ bietet eine Übersicht über die Studienlage und gibt Empfehlungen für oder gegen den Einsatz von Nährstoff-Supplementen. Anhand der Leitlinie wird im Folgenden die Studienlage für ausgewählte Vitamine und Spurenelemente herausgearbeitet. Dieses praktische Werkzeug ermöglicht es Behandelnden, evidenzbasiert zur Nutzung von Supplementen zu beraten und auf potenzielle Fallstricke in der Anwendung hinweisen zu können. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf urologischen Malignomen.
Ayurveda bei onkologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Keßler Christian , K. Schiele Julia 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn der Onkologie kann Ayurveda eine komplementärmedizinische Rolle spielen. Ayurveda betrachtet den Körper als selbstregulierendes Milieu, gesteuert durch funktionelle Prinzipien (v. a. Dosha, Agni) und physiologische Strukturen (v. a. Dhatu, Mala, Srotas). Krebserkrankungen werden im Ayurveda als Systemerkrankungen verstanden. So sind in die Ätiopathogenese onkologischer Erkrankungen zumeist alle 3 Dosha involviert.Die supportive Ayurveda-Behandlung von Krebs kann je nach vorliegender Fragestellung Ursachenvermeidung oder Prävention, spezielle körperliche Reinigungsverfahren (Pancakarma), Stoffwechselkorrekturmaßnahmen, Immunmodulation, Geweberegeneration (Rasayana) sowie psychomentale Stärkung durch Meditation, therapeutisches Yoga und Manualtherapie umfassen. Die Grenzen der komplementäronkologischen Ayurveda-Behandlung in Deutschland liegen vor allem in der Verfügbarkeit seriöser Versorgungsangebote und -sicherer Phytotherapeutika sowie in dem finanziellen Aufwand, da Krankenversicherungsträger die Kosten dieser Therapien in der Regel nicht übernehmen. Wissenschaftliche Evidenz entsprechend EbM ist noch sehr limitiert, jedoch existiert ein breites, über mehrere Jahrtausende systematisiertes, erfahrungsmedizinisches Wissen. In der Praxis zeigt sich, dass Ayurveda eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zur konventionellen Krebsbehandlung sein kann, vor allem wenn es darum geht, die onkospezifische Lebensqualität zu verbessern und Nebenwirkungen zu verringern.
Phytotherapie bei rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfektionen
Authors: Kraft Karin 
Published: May 2024

SummaryAkute Harnwegsinfektionen gehören zu den häufigsten bakteriellen Infektionen des Menschen. Sie werden in der Regel antibiotisch therapiert. Dennoch treten bei 8–20 % der Betroffenen innerhalb von 6–12 Monaten Rezidive auf. Wegen der zunehmenden Antibiotikaresistenzen werden nicht antibiotische Therapieoptionen immer bedeutsamer, mit denen eine antibiotische Langzeittherapie vermieden oder zumindest hinausgezögert werden kann. Im Rahmen einer Stufentherapie können neben Verhaltensänderungen und Maßnahmen der Immunmodulation verschiedene anitiinfektiv wirksame Phytotherapeutika wegen ihrer guten Verträglichkeit adjuvant zur antibiotischen Therapie oder als Monotherapie beim Rezidiv und insbesondere im Intervall langfristig eingesetzt werden. Neben einer Förderung der Durchspülung lindern sie typische Symptome, wirken verschiedenen bakteriellen Virulenzfaktoren entgegen und unterstützen körpereigene Abwehrmechanismen. Die Harnwegsdesinfizientien Bärentraubenblätter, Kapuzinerkressenkraut und Meerrettichwurzel wirken zudem auf verschiedenen Ebenen antibakteriell, Resistenzentwicklungen wurden bisher nicht beschrieben. Weitere klinische Studien mit antiinfektiv wirksamen Phytopharmaka sollten zukünftig besonders bei Risikogruppen wie z. B. geriatrischen Patienten oder Diabetikern durchgeführt werden, um die Wirksamkeit pflanzlicher Arzneimittel bei rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfektionen zu bestätigen und um deren Akzeptanz mit dem Ziel der Vermeidung von Antibiotikaresistenzen zu erhöhen.
Meine Blase lässt mich nicht los – Homöopathie bei neurogener Blasenfunktionsstörung
Authors: Pannek Jürgen , Pannek-Rademacher Susanne 
Published: May 2024

SummaryDie Integrität des Nervensystems ist Voraussetzung für eine ungestörte Urinspeicherung und Blasenentleerung. Neurologische Systemerkrankungen (z. B. Rückenmarkverletzungen, Multiple Sklerose, Morbus Parkinson, Spina bifida, zerebrovaskulärer Insult) führen in aller Regel zu einer neurogenen Blasenfunktionsstörung (NBFS). Typische Folgen sind Harnwegsinfekte (HWI) und eine überaktive Blase, die sowohl die Nierenfunktion schädigen als auch die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen massiv beeinträchtigen können.Die bisherigen Studien zeigen, dass durch klassische Homöopathie akute HWI effektiv, effizient und nebenwirkungsarm therapiert werden können. Bei 199 nicht fieberhaften HWI entschieden sich die Probanden in 104 Fällen für eine Antibiotikaeinnahme. In 78,8 % -waren die Betroffenen nach der initialen Antibiotikabehandlung beschwerdefrei. In 95 HWI-Episoden entschieden sich die Betroffenen für eine nichtantibiotische Therapie. Von den 59 HWI unter homöopathischer Behandlung waren die Patienten in 40 Episoden (67,8 %) nach der Erstbehandlung symptomfrei. Die Erfolgsraten der antibiotischen und der nichtantibiotischen Therapien waren nicht signifikant unterschiedlich.Zudem ist Homöopathie auch eine wirksame Prophylaxestrategie bei rezidivierenden HWI. Die Anzahl der HWI/Jahr reduzierte sich in der Gruppe mit homöopathischer Behandlung signifikant, während die HWI-Frequenz in der Kontrollgruppe über die Studiendauer unverändert blieb. Somit kann die Homöopathie wesentlich zur Reduktion des Einsatzes von Antibiotika beitragen. Bei der Therapie der Detrusorüberaktivität konnte kein Einfluss der homöopathischen Therapie auf urodynamische Parameter nachgewiesen werden.Aufgrund der unspezifischen und untypischen Symptome bei Menschen mit Rückenmarkverletzung sind gute medizinische Kenntnisse der Homöopath*innen unabdingbar, um die geschilderten Symptome einordnen zu können. Für eine erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit ist eine wechselseitig wertschätzende Beziehung zwischen allen Beteiligten eine Grundvoraussetzung.
Neonatologist at the Well-Child Clinic: A High-Risk Infant Follow-up Pilot Study
Authors: Reingold Stephen M. , Yotvat Liora , Schimmel Michael S. 
Published: May 2024

Objective High-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) is a complex process lacking standardization. We present a simple, single-provider model that proved effective and is well-received by caregivers.
Study Design In this study, we measured caregiver use and satisfaction with an HRIF visit attended by an experienced neonatologist in a well-care setting, soon after discharge.
Results One hundred parents participated in the survey. Among the infants of these parents, 78% of infants were seen in the first 3 months of life and 39% within 1 month of discharge. Nutrition (98%) and development (97%) were the most commonly discussed topics, followed by general health (95%), iron supplementation (93%), and head size (90%). Using a 5-point Likert's scale, with 5 being the highest rating, parents responded that the meeting answered their questions (4.7, n = 93), organized their infants' needs (4.6, n = 90), and increased their confidence in caring for their infants (4.65, n = 92).
Conclusion HRIF with an experienced neonatologist is an effective means of increasing parents' understanding of their infants' medical needs and confidence in caring for their infants.
Key Points
Association between Gestational Age and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Late Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Schmidt Eleanor M. , Powell Jacqueline M. , Garg Bharti , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: May 2024

Objective The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) suggests expectant management until 34 weeks for patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). New data suggest extending to 37 weeks might enhance neonatal outcomes, reducing prematurity-linked issues. This study aims to assess adverse neonatal outcomes across gestational ages in women with PPROM.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study was performed using linked vital statistics and the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision data. Gestational age at delivery ranged from 32 to 36 weeks. Outcomes include neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission >24 hours, neonatal sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and neonatal death. Multivariate regression analyses and chi-square tests were employed for statistical comparisons.
Results In this cohort of 28,891 deliveries, there was a statistically significant decline in all studied adverse neonatal outcomes with increasing gestational age, without an increase in neonatal sepsis. At 32 weeks, 93% of newborns were in the NICU >24 hours compared with 81% at 34 weeks and 22% at 36 weeks (p < 0.001). At 32 weeks, 20% had neonatal sepsis compared with 11% at 34 weeks and 3% at 36 weeks (p < 0.001). At 32 weeks, 67% had respiratory distress syndrome compared with 44% at 34 weeks and 12% at 36 weeks (p < 0.001).
Conclusion In the setting of PPROM, later gestational age at delivery is associated with decreased rates of adverse neonatal outcomes without an increase in neonatal sepsis.
Key Points
Modeling of the particle fluxes of a helium plasma jet onto water surface
Authors: Liu Yifan , Wang Sui , Peng Yan , Peng Wenyi , Liu Dingxin , Fu Feng 
Published: May 2024

The interaction between an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) and an aqueous solution has great application prospects in biomedicine and many other fields. Reactive species adjacent to a water surface is critical to the activation of APPJ-treated water, which is affected by both the water evaporation and the admixture of ambient air. In this paper, taking He APPJ as an example, a two-dimensional (2D) cylindrically symmetric fluid model is developed to obtain the spatial distributions of gas components before discharging, and a series of global models are developed for the discharge in the boundary gas layer adjacent to the water surface. The interfacial distributions of reactive species and their fluxes onto the water surface are quantified. It is found that the electron density is 1016–1017 m−3 and it shows an annular distribution in the boundary gas layer. The density distributions of most reactive species there reveal ring-like shapes as well. The dominant cation and anion in such a boundary layer are H3O+ and OH−, respectively. The most abundant metastable is O2(a1Δ), the most abundant reactive oxygen species are H2O2 and OH, and the most abundant reactive nitrogen species are NO and HNO2. The species of H2O2, OH, HO2, and HNO2 are reportedly to have significant biological effects, and in our simulation, their fluxes onto the water surface are remarkable, higher than 1017 m−2 s−1. In addition, the effects of radial gas velocity and water evaporation on the particle flux distributions are also revealed.