bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an Appreciation of German Disunity
Authors: Pettingill Lindsay M. 
Published: March 2011

Mary Fulbrook, ed., Power and Society in the GDR 1961-1979: The ‘Normalisation of Rule’ (New York: Berghahn Books, 2009)Jan Palmowski, Inventing a Socialist Nation: Heimat and the Politics of Everyday Life in the GDR 1945-1990 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)Esther von Richthofen, Bringing Culture to the Masses: Control, Compromise and Participation in the GDR (New York: Berghahn Books, 2009)
Uremic Tumoral Calcinosis in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: Clinical, Radiologic, and Laboratory Features
Authors: Chu Hung-Yi , Chu Pauling , Lin Yuh-Feng , Chou Heng-Kuang , Lin Shih-Hua 
Published: March 2011

Background Uremic tumoral calcinosis (UTC) has been analyzed in uremic patients on hemodialysis, but little is known about UTC in peritoneal dialysis (PD). In this study, we aimed to characterize UTC in uremic patients on PD. Methods We retrospectively reviewed uremic patients on PD who developed UTC over a 9-year period. Clinical, radio-logic, and laboratory features; treatments; and outcomes in those patients were assessed. One of the patients (case 7) is described as a case example. Results The study enrolled 7 patients with a mean age of 41 years. Mean time from PD to UTC was 45.3 months. All patients were anuric but adequately dialyzed. Cardinal symptoms were local tenderness and limited range of joint motion. Lesions were mostly multifocal ( n = 6) and predominantly involved shoulders, hands, feet, hips, and wrists. Metatarsophalangeal joint UTC was misdiagnosed as tophaceous gout in 2 patients. Main laboratory findings were hyperphosphatemia (7.9 ± 0.8 mg/dL), high CaxP product [>65 mg2/dL2 (range: 81.1 ± 11.5 mg2/dL2)], secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) with various levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH: 592.2 ± 315.2 pg/mL; <250 pg/mL in 2 patients). Medical treatments for UTC included P restriction, non-Ca-based phosphate binders, and adequate dialysis with low-Ca dialysate, but all treatments were ineffective. Parathyroidectomy ( n = 3) can partially ameliorate UTC, but only 1 patient (case 7), who had extremely high iPTH (1085 pg/mL), manifested hungry bone syndrome (HBS) and had remarkable resolution of UTC. By contrast, in patients who underwent renal transplantation ( n = 3), UTC completely resolved by about 1 year after surgery. Conclusions Uremic tumoral calcinosis develops in anuric PD patients with uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia; it is usually multifocal, occurring around the weight-bearing joints or overused smaller joints. Aggressive medical therapy alone is ineffective, and parathyroidectomy appears to be unsatisfactory except in the presence of severe SHPT with postoperative HBS.
Successful Efavirenz Dose Reduction Guided by Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Mello Aurélie Fayet , Buclin Thierry , Decosterd Laurent A , Delhumeau Cécile , di Iulio Julia , Fleurent Alessandra , Schneider Marie-Paule , Cavassini Matthias , Telenti Amalio , Hirschel Bernard , Calmy Alexandra 
Published: March 2011

Background There are potential benefits to individualizing dosage in patients treated with efavirenz (EFV). We tested a simplified algorithm based on a Bayesian pharmacokinetic approach for guiding dose reduction in patients with EFV concentrations above the 75th percentile (P75) with documented virological efficacy. Methods We designed a prospective, open-label, multi-centre study. All consenting participants with EFV concentrations above P75 on standard dosage were included in a dose-reduction cycle. Primary end point was the number of patients who reached plasma concentrations within target (1,000–4,000 ng/ml) after, at most, two cycles of dose reduction at 3 and 6 months. CYP2B6 genetic characterization was performed. Results Seventy-two patients were screened and 13 ful-filled selection criteria. These patients, with undetectable viraemia on a stable 600 mg EFV-based regimen, had a median (interquartile range) EFV plasma level of 8,112 ng/ml (5,993–10,278) at baseline; 38% (between P75 and P95) qualified for a 400 mg EFV dose, and 62% (above P95) qualified for a 200 mg EFV dose. After one to two dose-reduction cycles, all patients reached targets for EFV plasma concentration at 24 weeks. The predictive dose reduction based on genetic profile differed from dose reduction according to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in three patients. All patients maintained viral suppression at 6 months. Conclusions A standardized TDM-guided EFV dose-reduction strategy over a 24-week period was successful, safe and yielded EFV plasma concentrations within the recommended therapeutic range. In addition to improving neuropsychiatric tolerability, EFV dose reduction has the potential to substantially decrease treatment cost.
Enjeux politiques et sociaux de la culture chevaleresque au XVI e siècle : les prologues de chansons de geste imprimées
Authors: Deruelle Benjamin 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Alors que la première modernité est traditionnellement présentée comme le « crépuscule de la chevalerie », le nombre et la diffusion des romans de chevalerie n’ont jamais été aussi importants. Paradoxalement, alors que les liens entre histoire et politique ont été l’objet de l’intérêt des historiens ; celui entre littérature et politique demeure peu étudié. Pourtant, les littéraires, telles qu’Emmanuelle Poulain Gautret et Élisabeth Gaucher, ont récemment démontré la dimension politique de la littérature chevaleresque de la fin du Moyen Âge. Cette littérature connaît depuis ses origines des mouvements de réécritures incessants qui lui permettent de survivre tout en s’adaptant aux évolutions de la société. Les traductions en prose et le passage du manuscrit à l’imprimé sont l’occasion, au cours du xv e siècle et de la première moitié du xvi e siècle, d’une redécouverte de la culture chevaleresque avec les yeux de la Renaissance. L’étude des prologues des romans issus des anciennes chansons de geste permet de saisir quels sont les pratiques, les fonctions et les enjeux de la transmission de la culture chevaleresque dans une noblesse confrontée à la genèse de l’État moderne, à la concurrence de la Robe et de la bourgeoisie, et aux critiques de plus en plus acerbes de sa position de domination.
Practical limitations and applications of short dead time surface NMR
Authors: Walsh David O. , Grunewald Elliot , Turner Peter , Hinnell Andrew , Ferre Paul 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThere is increasing interest in the unique measurement capabilities of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for hydrologic applications. In particular, the ability to quantify water content (both bound and free) and to infer the permeability distribution are critical to hydrologists. As the method has gained in acceptance, there has been growing interest in extending its range to near‐surface and vadose zone applications and to measurement in finer grained and magnetic soils. All of these applications require improved resolution of early‐time signals, which requires shorter measurement dead times. This paper analyses three physical/electrical processes that limit the minimum achievable measurement dead times in surface NMR applications: 1) inherent characteristics of electromechanical and semiconductor switching devices, 2) the effective bandwidth of the receiver and signal processing chain, 3) transient signals associated with induced eddy currents in the ground. We then describe two applications of surface NMR that rely on reduced measurement dead time: detection and characterization of fast decaying NMR signals in silt and clay and the detection of fast decaying NMR signals in magnetic geology.
Independent Association Between Preoperative Cognitive Status and Discharge Location After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Harrington Mary Beth , Kraft Malissa , Grande Laura J. , Rudolph James L. 
Published: March 2011

Background
Among cardiac surgery patients, those with impaired cognitive status before surgery may have longer postoperative stays than do patients with normal status and may require additional care upon discharge.

Objectives
To determine if preoperative scores on a screening measure for cognitive status (the Clock-in-the-Box), were associated with postoperative length of stay and discharge to a location other than home in patients who had cardiac surgery.

Methods
A total of 181 consecutive patients scheduled for cardiac surgery at a single site were administered the Clock-in-the-Box as part of the preoperative evaluation. Scores on the Clock-in-the-Box tool, demographic and operative information, postoperative length of stay, and discharge location were collected retrospectively from medical records.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 68.1 years (SD, 0.7), and 99% were men. Mean postoperative length of stay was 10.5 days (SD, 8.2), and 35 patients (19%) were discharged to a facility. Scores on the Clock-in-the-Box assessment were not associated with postoperative length of stay. Increasing age, living alone before surgery, and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass were associated with discharge to a facility and were used as covariates in adjusted analyses. After adjustment, better preoperative cognitive status reduced the risk of being discharged to a facility (adjusted relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.98) after cardiac surgery.

Conclusions
Cognitive screening before cardiac surgery can identify patients with impaired cognitive status who are less likely than patients with normal cognitive status to return home after cardiac surgery.
The Airway Antigen Sampling System: Respiratory M Cells as an Alternative Gateway for Inhaled Antigens
Authors: Kim Dong-Young , Sato Ayuko , Fukuyama Satoshi , Sagara Hiroshi , Nagatake Takahiro , Kong Il Gyu , Goda Kaoru , Nochi Tomonori , Kunisawa Jun , Sato Shintaro , Yokota Yoshifumi , Lee Chul Hee , Kiyono Hiroshi 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated a new airway Ag sampling site by analyzing tissue sections of the murine nasal passages. We revealed the presence of respiratory M cells, which had the ability to take up OVA and recombinant Salmonella typhimurium expressing GFP, in the turbinates covered with single-layer epithelium. These M cells were also capable of taking up respiratory pathogen group A Streptococcus after nasal challenge. Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (Id2)-deficient mice, which are deficient in lymphoid tissues, including nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, had a similar frequency of M cell clusters in their nasal epithelia to that of their littermates, Id2+/− mice. The titers of Ag-specific Abs were as high in Id2−/− mice as in Id2+/− mice after nasal immunization with recombinant Salmonella-ToxC or group A Streptococcus, indicating that respiratory M cells were capable of sampling inhaled bacterial Ag to initiate an Ag-specific immune response. Taken together, these findings suggest that respiratory M cells act as a nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue-independent alternative gateway for Ag sampling and subsequent induction of Ag-specific immune responses in the upper respiratory tract.
Platelets Participate in Synovitis via Cox-1–Dependent Synthesis of Prostacyclin Independently of Microparticle Generation
Authors: Boilard Eric , Larabee Katherine , Shnayder Ruslan , Jacobs Kathleen , Farndale Richard W. , Ware Jerry , Lee David M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In addition to the well-described role of platelets in thrombosis, a growing body of evidence implicates platelets in diverse inflammatory responses. We recently showed platelets can contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammatory arthritis via IL-1– containing microparticles. In this study, we demonstrate that platelets, and not platelet microparticles, actively contribute to synovitis via production of proinflammatory prostacyclin in an autoimmune arthritis model. Using both genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we establish that paracrine production of prostacyclin proceeds in the absence of cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that prostacyclin generation can arise via transcellular collaboration between platelets and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In addition to shedding light on an unappreciated pathway of lipid synthesis in arthritis, we further delineate a novel effector activity by which platelets can contribute to inflammatory disease.
Alcohol Suppresses the Granulopoietic Response to Pulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection with Enhancement of STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Siggins Robert W. , Melvan John N. , Welsh David A. , Bagby Gregory J. , Nelson Steve , Zhang Ping 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Enhanced granulopoietic activity is crucial for host defense against bacterial pneumonia. Alcohol impairs this response. The underlying mechanisms remain obscure. G-CSF produced by infected lung tissue plays a key role in stimulating bone marrow granulopoiesis. This study investigated the effects of alcohol on G-CSF signaling in the regulation of marrow myeloid progenitor cell proliferation in mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Chronic alcohol consumption plus acute alcohol intoxication suppressed the increase in blood granulocyte counts following intrapulmonary challenge with S. pneumoniae. This suppression was associated with a significant decrease in bone marrow granulopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. Alcohol treatment significantly enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation in bone marrow cells of animals challenged with S. pneumoniae. In vitro experiments showed that G-CSF–induced activation of STAT3–p27Kip1 pathway in murine myeloid progenitor cell line 32D-G-CSFR cells was markedly enhanced by alcohol exposure. Alcohol dose dependently inhibited G-CSF–stimulated 32D-G-CSFR cell proliferation. This impairment of myeloid progenitor cell proliferation was not attenuated by inhibition of alcohol metabolism through either the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway or the cytochrome P450 system. These data suggest that alcohol enhances G-CSF–associated STAT3–p27Kip1 signaling, which impairs granulopoietic progenitor cell proliferation by inducing cell cycling arrest and facilitating their terminal differentiation during the granulopoietic response to pulmonary infection.
Estimating the impact of manure nitrogen losses on total nitrogen application on agricultural land in Canada
Authors: Yang J. Y. , Huffman E. C. , Drury C. F. , Yang X. M. , De Jong R. 
Published: March 2011

Yang, J. Y., Huffman, E. C., Drury, C. F., Yang, X. M. and De Jong, R. 2011. Estimating the impact of manure nitrogen losses on total nitrogen application on agricultural land in Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 107–122. About 1 million tonnes (1 Tg=1012 g) of livestock manure N are applied to farmland in Canada each year. Comprehensive information on manure N production and losses from manure during on-farm storage, handling and field application is scarce, especially at a regional scale. However, manure N losses during storage and land application are of considerable concern with respect to nitrogen use efficiency and environmental pollution of air, soil and water. In this paper, manure N production, manure N losses during storage and land application and manure N mineralization from organic manure and the resultant manure N available for annual crops were estimated using the Census of Agriculture database, Farm Environmental Management Survey data and manure N loss factors obtained from the literature. A database of fertilizer N application rates for field crops was developed at the regional scale based on recommendations provided in agronomic extension bulletins and fertilizer N sales. Fertilizer N and available manure N (i.e., total manure N produced minus N losses plus N mineralized from manure applied in previous years) were allocated to each of 24 crops at the regional scale from 1981 to 2006. The amount of manure N produced in Canada increased by 18.7% from 0.928 Tg in 1981 to 1.102 Tg in 2006. We estimated that 35.6% of the manure N produced was immediately available to crops, 25.6% was lost during storage and land application and 38.8% was carried over to the next year as organic N. The amount of fertilizer N applied to crops increased dramatically from 0.928 Tg in 1981 to a peak level of 1.68 Tg in 2000. There were significant changes in manure N production and application to farmland both on a regional and a temporal basis.
Understanding Instability and Rupture of Poly(Alkyl-2-Cyanoacrylate) Capsules
Authors: Wischke Christian , Weigel Judith , Neffe Axel T. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: March 2011

Introduction Poly(alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates) (PACAs) are degradable biomaterials that are clinically applied as surgical glue and studied as a matrix for particulate drug carriers such as nanoparticles or micro/nanocapsules. The stability of capsule walls is essential to avoid leakage of encapsulated compounds. Methods PACA capsules and (co)polymer films were prepared and characterization of their morphologies and thermal properties was performed. Results Thin-walled capsules that allow for a large internal volume to carry the payload were instable due to the high brittleness of PACA. Strategies to reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) from values as high as ~120°C included plasticization by solvents and copolymerization approaches. By using the latter, the Tg of commonly used n-butylcyanoacrylate could be reduced up to 30 K, following predictions of mixed-system glass transition temperatures obtained, for example, by the Fox equation. Conclusions Thin-walled PACA capsules may allow for large payloads in the field of drug delivery and beyond, but require modifications of the PACA to improve capsule stability by more elastic capsule walls.
A Role of α′ Martensite Introduced by Thermo‐Mechanical Treatment in Improving Shape Memory Effect of an Fe‐Mn‐Si‐Cr‐Ni Alloy
Authors: Peng Huabei , Wen Yuhua , Liu Gang , Wang Chaoping , Li Ning 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe evolution of α′ martensite with different thermo‐mechanical treatment and its effect on the shape memory effect were studied in an Fe‐14Mn‐5Si‐8Cr‐4Ni alloy. The α′ martensite was introduced by only 5% pre‐deformation, and its amount increased with increasing pre‐deformation up to 20%. The α′ martensite started to transform into austenite when the annealing temperature was 773 K. As the annealing temperature increased to 1 073 K, the α′ martensite almost transformed fully into austenite. The α′ martensite introduced by the thermo‐mechanical treatment could prevent collisions between different ε martensite bands during deformation. The intrusion of α′ martensite was another key reason that the stress‐induced ε martensite bands in Fe‐Mn‐Si based shape memory alloys formed in a domain‐specific manner in addition to that of uniformly distributed stacking faults after thermo‐mechanical treatment.
From Nanowheat to Nanograss: A Preparation Method to Achieve Free Standing Nanostructures Having a High Length/Diameter Aspect Ratio
Authors: Boehme Mario , Ensinger Wolfgang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe controlled fabrication of free standing, none collapsing nanostructures with a high length/diameter aspect ratio is reported. Usually these nanostructures synthesized using a template‐based method tends to collapse into wheat like structures using common techniques to separate the nanostructures from the template. Based on a novel process to inhibit the mechanism of collapsing nanostructures synthesized by template‐based deposition, nanograss‐like, and free standing nanostructures are obtained.
Functional Composite Materials Based on Chemically Converted Graphene (Adv. Mater. 9/2011)
Authors: Bai Hua , Li Chun , Shi Gaoquan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGraphene, a one‐atom layer of graphite, possesses a unique two‐dimensional structure and excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Thus, it has been regarded as an important component for making various functional composite materials. Graphene can be prepared through physical, chemical and electrochemical approaches. Among them, chemical methods were tested to be effective for producing chemically converted graphene (CCG) from various precursors (such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, and polymers) in large scale and at low costs. Therefore, CCG is more suitable for synthesizing high‐performance graphene based composites. In this progress report, we review the recent advancements in the studies of the composites of CCG and small molecules, polymers, inorganic nanoparticles or other carbon nanomaterials. The methodology for preparing CCG and its composites has been summarized. The applications of CCG‐based functional composite materials are also discussed.
Kinetic analysis for crystal growth rate of NH4Cl in the NaCl‐MgCl2‐H2O system with a thermodynamic approach
Authors: Wang Daoguang , Li Zhibao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA growth kinetic model has been developed from a rigorous thermodynamic perspective to describe the crystal growth rates of NH4Cl on the basis of the difference of chemical potentials of NH4Cl at solid–liquid interface in aqueous NH4Cl, NH4Cl‐NaCl, and NH4Cl‐MgCl2 solutions. The solid–liquid equilibrium and activity coefficient of NH4Cl are calculated by the newly developed accurate Pitzer model with aid of Aspen Plus™ platform. The predictions of the resulting model are in good agreement with the experimental data published in literature and determined in this work at 283.15–333.15 K within the supersaturation up to 0.1. The kinetic model was subsequently used to analyze the effect of several operation variables, including temperature (283.15–333.15 K), supersaturation (up to 0.1), and NaCl or MgCl2 concentration (0∼2.5 mol kg−1), on the crystal growth rate of NH4Cl. The crystal growth rate of NH4Cl, with activation energy of 39 kJ mol−1, is strongly temperature‐dependent and increases with increasing temperature in the three systems investigated. The advantage of MgCl2 over NaCl on the recovery of NH4Cl is theoretically and experimentally illustrated from the thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives with the aid of the established model. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
2010 ASIS&T James M. Cretsos Leadership Award
Authors: Fulton Crystal 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReflecting on how participation in ASIS&T led to her winning the James M. Cretsos Leadership Award for 2010, Crystal Fulton focused on how ASIS&T's Special Interest Group/Information Needs, Seeking and Use (SIG/USE) has added to her career. Dr. Fulton reflected on early engaging discussions with the SIG/USE scholarly network and members' encouragement to become actively involved in SIG planning activities. This led to executive roles including chairmanship of the group in 2008‐2009 and serving on the SIG/USE Cabinet. During Dr. Fulton's chairmanship, the SIG celebrated its 10th anniversary with a range of activities aimed at membership development and communications and was named SIG‐of‐the‐Year for the second time. Dr. Fulton recognized the many colleagues who have supported her career development and SIG participation and encouraged ASIS&T members to become active in special interest group planning.
Collaborating – Key to providing complete answers online and off
Authors: Sacks Risa 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCollaboration among independent information professionals is a worthwhile strategy for the right research project. Working together can supplement gaps in language, expertise and research skills. There is often a need for primary research, seeking information from original resources rather than online, but an info pro may be unable to pursue them due to confidentiality, impartiality, limited time or other reasons. A colleague skilled in primary research can fill in gaps and hard‐to‐access details, provide insight on attitudes and opinions, dig for clarification or more current information or even explain why online searching retrieves nothing on a topic. A successful collaboration demands sharing of information gathered and still needed, any limits to be honored and a reasonable timeframe. Organizations such as the Association of Independent Information Professionals provide directories of individuals with specific types of research skills.