bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assistive Technology and the Newly Disabled Adult: Adaptation to Wheelchair Use
Authors: Bates Pearl Sarah , Spencer Jean Cole , Young Mary Ellen , Rintala Diana Hopkins 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A naturalistic, ethnographic, phenomenological study of adaptation to wheelchair use was conducted with one key informant, a 30-year-old white man with acquired paraplegia who was undergoing acute rehabilitation. Primary staff members served as additional informants. It was found that adaptation to wheelchair use had both pragmatic and emotional components. The latter appeared in alternating phases of resistance and neutrality or detente. Therapist and patient had conflicting goals relative to wheelchair use, which occasioned considerable friction. The patient’s initial attitudes regarding wheelchairs were prejudicial, which hampered his ability to see the chair as a useful tool for mobility and independence. Successful pragmatic adaptation hinged in part on emotional acceptance of the wheelchair.
Improved Productivity Through Purposeful Use of Additional Template for a Woman With Cortical Blindness
Authors: Yuen Hon Keung 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A single-subject study with an ABAB design investigated an adaptation of a work activity through the purposeful use of an additional template to improve productivity for a woman with cortical blindness resulting from anoxic brain damage. The activity required the subject to outline brackets (as parts of a handi-rack woodwork project) by tracing a template on a piece of pine board. During the baseline phase of the study, the subject used one template to outline the brackets. During the intervention phase, the subject used an additional template after receiving a brief training in its use. Productivity was measured by the number of potentially usable outlined brackets. Data analysis revealed that in the intervention phases, productivity improved significantly and accuracy increased. The application of tapping the subject’s intact sensory system was valuable for determining her vocational potential. The rationale of using an additional template to improve productivity was explained by the theory of affordance.
An Abbreviated Task-Oriented Assessment (Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation)
Authors: Mann William C. , Huselid Rebecca 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore development of an abbreviated version of the Task-Oriented Assessment component of the Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation (BaFPE). The BaFPE is widely used by occupational therapists practicing in mental health, but therapists have requested an instrument that could be administered and scored more quickly. Both a subjective and objective analysis support the development of an abbreviated version of the Task-Oriented Assessment.
Linking Patient and Family Stories to Caregivers’ Use of Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Kautzmann Lisette N. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Due to pressures inherent in the current health care environment, health professionals’ interactions with patients may be limited to attending to the disease process by using the scientific method of clinical reasoning. Health professionals may find it difficult to break out of this pattern of reductionistic thinking and acting to use other forms of clinical reasoning and to elicit patients’ perceptions of the illness experience. Older adults and their families are particularly susceptible to being treated in a routine, diseasefocused manner. A growing body of literature gives voice to the stories and concerns of these persons. The purposes of this paper are to discuss thinking and clinical reasoning from several perspectives and to identify selections from literature that enhance understanding of the need to pay attention to both the disease and the illness experience and to use all forms of clinical reasoning.
Work Evaluations: Critique of the State of the Art of Functional Assessment of Work
Authors: Velozo Craig A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The area of work evaluation is fertile ground for future research and development by occupational therapists. Current evaluations of work range from standardized work evaluations associated with vocational rehabilitation to highly technical physical capacity and work capacity instrumentation and equipment often associated with sports medicine. In addition, methods used to identify pain and abnormal illness behavior add the psychosocial component of work evaluation. The limitations of most of the traditional approaches to work evaluations are their lack of focus on the actual work environments and on the meaning of work to persons. Occupational therapy can play an important and unique role in linking work evaluations to psychosocial and environmental variables and in formulating comprehensive theoretical models of work that should improve and refine present work evaluations.
Assessment of Play and Leisure: Delineation of the Problem
Authors: Bundy Anita C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper discusses current perspectives on play and leisure and proposes that if play and leisure are to be accepted as viable occupations, then (a) valid and reliable measures of play must be developed, (b) interventions must be examined for inclusion of the elements of play, and (c) the promotion of play and leisure must be an explicit goal of occupational therapy intervention. Existing tools used by occupational therapists to assess clients’ play and leisure are evaluated for the aspects of play and leisure they address and the aspects they fail to address. An argument is presented for the need for an assessment of playfulness, rather than of play or leisure activities. A preliminary model for the development of such an assessment is proposed.
Role of Physical Performance Component Evaluations in Occupational Therapy Functional Assessment
Authors: Mathiowetz Virgil 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In the 1970s, occupational therapy assessments tended to focus on physical performance component (PPC) evaluations such as strength and range of motion; assessment of occupational performance played a secondary role. Given changes within and outside the profession of occupational therapy, it is time for the assessment of occupation and role performance to assume a primary role, while PPC evaluation should shift to a secondary role. Although PPC evaluations may be less prominent than in the past, they will continue to play an important role in occupational therapy practice and research. Therapists need to be critical consumers of PPC measurement tools because many require further development to validate their use for occupational therapy purposes.
The Effect of Rater Severity On Person Ability Measure: A Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Lunz Mary E. , Stahl John A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper presents a method for analyzing oral examinations with an extended, many-faceted Rasch model that calibrates medical specialty candidates, protocols, and raters. Significant variance was found among protocol difficulties and rater severities. When candidates’ raw scores were compared with calibrated measures corrected for the bias caused by the particular protocols and raters encountered, variation between candidate scores and measures were observed. The data were found to fit the Rasch model well enough to be suitable for making measurement on oral examinations more objective as well as providing specific feedback to oral examination raters. In this example a medical oral examination was used; however, the techniques are applicable to any situation in which trained professionals rate candiate or patient performances. For occupational therapists, potential applications include evaluation of a student’s fieldwork performance or observation of a patient’s task performance.
Hand Function Evaluation: A Factor Analysis Study
Authors: Jarus Tal , Poremba Ruth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate hand function evaluations. Factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to assess the fundamental characteristics of the items included in the Jebsen Hand Function Test and the Smith Hand Function Evaluation. The study sample consisted of 144 subjects with out disabilities and 22 subjects with Colles fracture. Results suggest a four factor solution: Factor I – pinch movement; Factor II – grasp; Factor III – target accuracy; and Factor IV – activities of daily living. These categories differentiated the subjects without Colles fracture from the subjects with Colles fracture. A hand function evaluation consisting of these four factors would be useful. Such an evaluation that can be used for current clinical purposes is provided.
Self-Feeding System for an Adult With Head Injury and Severe Ataxia
Authors: Yuen Hon Keung 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This report describes a customized self-feeding system designed to increase the independence of a person with a head injury who is unable to use his arm for self-feeding. The client has spastic hemiparesis in the right upper extremity and profound ataxia in the left upper extremity. Due to the severity of these disabilities, the client required total assistance at every meal since his injury 6.5 years ago. The self-feeding system described consists of an adapted spoon, a spoon holder, a scoop dish, and a dish stand. The client scoops food from the scoop dish with the adapted spoon held in his mouth and then transfers the spoon to a magnetic holder for positioning. This adaptation allows the client to position the spoon with his chin without demanding fine motor coordination. The self-feeding system is evaluated with a BAB single case research withdrawal design. Results indicate that this self-feeding system provides a viable alternative to assisting independence in self-feeding as measured by the cost benefit ratio and nutrition intake. The client used the self-feeding system for 12 months at the rehabilitation center and has continued using the equipment at his nursing home.
Differences in Values and Goals of Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Danka Margaret A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study compared professional values and goals of three levels of occupational therapy students: (a) seniors in baccalaureate programs (n = 337), (b) students in professional master’s programs (n = 95), and (c) students in postprofessional master’s programs (n = 62). Demographic characteristics including gender, age, and college background were also examined. Significant differences were identified between the baccalaureate group and the postprofessional master’s group for three professional goals: (a) making a theoretical contribution to the profession, (b) performing research in the profession, and (c) educating occupational therapy students. Significant differences were also noted for four professional values. Intellectual stimulation was more often chosen by postprofessional master’s students; exciting life and comfortable life were more often chosen by baccalaureate students, and helpfulness was more often chosen by the baccalaureate and postprofessional master’s students. It was concluded that determining the professional values and goals of occupational therapy students may generate implications for career counseling, recruitment, increased work force, decreased attrition, and future curriculum planning.
A Comparison of the Grip Strength of Children With Myelomeningocele to That of Children Without Disability
Authors: Latcha Celest M. , Freeling Miriam C. , Powell Nancy J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The grip strengths of 108 children aged 6 to 19 years with myelomeningocele were measured and compared with previously published results for children without disability. The grip strengths of the 59 female subjects with myelomeningocele were significantly lower than those of the population without disability in all age groups except for the 12 to 15 years range. The 49 male subjects exhibited significantly lower grip strengths only up to age 12 years. Implications and recommendations for clinical treatment, effects of secondary neurological complications, limitations of the study, and topics of future research are discussed.
Content Validity of the In-Hand Manipulation Test
Authors: Exner Charlotte E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Object manipulation skills are a rital area for client assessment in occupational therapy, but in-hand manipulation skills are not specifically included in any standardized tests of hand function for children. The In-Hand Manipulation Test (IMT) was developed for use by occupational therapists with preschool and young school-age children. Assessment of the IMT’s content validity was an important precursor to further development of the test. Twenty-four certified occupational therapists rated young children’s performance during administration of the IMT before completing a content validity survey about the test. Overall, the IMT’s content validity was supported by the feedback from the raters. A final test length of 50 items with two trials per item was considered acceptable, provided that the test takes no longer than 20 to 30 min to administer. The therapists were positive about the content and structure of the rating scale and the approach used in presenting activities to the children. Some issues related to functional validity of some skills or the proportions of in-hand manipulation skills were raised. Further development of the IMT for clinical and research use seems warranted. Revisions to the test will be made, and another pilot study will be conducted before normative data collection. Training for administering and scoring the test will incorporate the recommendations on the basis of this study’s results.
Student Coping Strategies and Perceptions of Fieldwork
Authors: Mitchell Marlys M. , Kampfe Charlene M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A questionnaire, the revised Ways of Coping Checklist, was sent to all professional (entry-level) graduate students in the United States in one academic year during their second fieldwork level II experience to determine what coping strategies they used during their fieldwork experience. Information was also gathered regarding their perceptions of this clinical experience. Responses from 101 students showed that they used Problem-Focused and Seeks Social Support strategies more than Wishful Thinking, Blamed Self, or Avoidance strategies. More than half of the students found the experience to be stressful, and almost all agreed that it was important. Most agreed that they had control over their present circumstances in the fieldwork experience.
Therapeutic Use of Humor in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Vergeer Gwen , MacRae Anne 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Interviews with five occupational therapists who use humor therapeutically in their practice were conducted and analyzed with a phenomenological method so that the lived experience of therapeutic humor use in occupational therapy could be examined. Sixteen themes were identified through data analysis: The Concept of Therapeutic Use of Humor; Spontaneous Versus Deliberate Humor; Humor, the Great Equalizer; Humor and Professionalism; Contraindications of Humor; Humor Among Co-Workers; Humor and Play; Humor and the Environment; Humor Providing Balance; The Intrinsic Quality of Humor; The Transformative Power of Humor; The Effects of Humor on the Subjects Themselves; Humor as an Evaluation and Treatment Tool; Humor as Therapeutic Use of Self; Humor as a Coping Mechanism; and Other Uses of Humor With Patients. This study revealed that the use of therapeutic humor in occupational therapy is a multifaceted phenomenon, much richer than had been previously presented in the literature.
An International Overview of Resource Centers on Disability
Authors: Hampton Mary M. K. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Facilities variously known as independent living centers, disabled living centers, disability information centers, and resource centers now exist in many parts of the world. Although occupational therapists offer valuable perspectives on quality of life, knowledge of assistive technology, and a holistic view of clients’ needs, occupational therapy is not always a part of these centers. Occupational therapists themselves may overlook these settings as venues for their services. This overview of 38 resource center organizations in 14 countries reports on their approaches to supporting persons with disabilities, professionals, and other members of the public and explorers the presence of occupational therapy and other professions in these agencies.
A Comparison of Practice Issues Among Occupational Therapists in the Rural Northwest and the Rocky Mountain Regions
Authors: Kohler Elizabeth , Mayberry Wanda 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that affected occupational therapy practice in the rural regions of the Rocky Mountains. It compared data from the Rocky Mountain region (Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona) to a previous study of the Northwest region of Alaska, Idaho, Montana, and Washington and expanded on the Northwest study. Results indicated that the two areas were similar in their demographics and problems, including need for more occupational therapists. The results also have implications regarding specialized preservice training for rural-based occupational therapists, other professions’ availability of continuing education, and other support systems. The authors provide recommendations based on the results, other literature, and conjectures, for recruitment, training, and ongoing support of rural occupational therapist through cooperative consortiums and distance learning.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills With Children With Learning Disabilities
Authors: McFall Sheri Ambacher , Deitz Jean c. , Crowe Terry K. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study examined the test-retest reliability of the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (nonmotor) (TVPS). The sample consisted of 30 first-and second-grade children (aged 6years through 8 years) with identified learning disabilities. The TVPS was administered on two separate occasions that were 1 to 2 weeks apart. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total test standard scores was .81. The intraclass correlation coefficients for the subtests ranged from .33 (Sequential Memory) to .78 (Form Constancy). The primary finding from this study is that TVPS scores on the total test show adequate test-retest reliability for use in clinical settings. The scores on the subtests, however, should he used with extreme caution, as the test-retest reliability estimates were low.
Mandatory HIV Testing and Occupational Therapists
Authors: Falk-Kessler Janet , Barnowski Cheryl , Salvant Sabrina 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. As the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases, so does the prevalence of HIV-positive health care workers. This study explored what effect this will have on occupational therapy service provision. Attitudes and policies of 118 occupational therapy administrators were examined in relation to mandatory testing for HIV, attitudes on treating HIV-positive patients, working with HIV-positive staff members and students, and use of Centers for Disease Control’s guidelines on universal precautions.
Methods. A stratified sample of 200 occupational therapy administrators, drawn proportionally from all occupational therapy fieldwork centers, was sent questionnaires. The respondents (N = 118) were asked questions reflecting policy and attitude regarding HIV-positive staff members, students, and patients and mandatory testing. Descriptive statistics and chisquare analyses were computed to examine variances related to policy, ethics, and attitudes.
Results. Few occupational therapy departments have policies regarding HIV-positive health care workers or students. Those policies in place involve disability discrimination acts and using universal precautions. More than one third of the respondents support mandatory testing of all health care workers and notifying patients if their occupational therapist is HIV-positive. A large minority of respondents would either refuse to hire or train an HIV-positive therapist or student, or would restrict patient care responsibilities.
Conclusions. Although most occupational therapy administrators adhere to CDC guidelines and antidiscrimination policies, some concern and fear was expressed regarding HIV transmission through occupational therapy practice. This may result in administrative decisions regarding work and training responsibilities that are unnecessarily restrictive, such as limiting all patient care responsibilities.
Management Decisions Made by Caregiver Spouses of Persons With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Corcoran Mary A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. As the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease increases, so does the effect on families and friends who assume caregiving responsibilities. Despite the proliferation of caregiving studies reported in the literature, little is known of the day-to-day management styles and preferences of caregivers. To develop, implement, and test interventions designed to sustain caregivers in their role, more information is needed about the caregiving experience. Results of a descriptive study are presented as a first step in understanding the complex process of choosing, organizing, and implementing everyday caregiving tasks.
Method. Subjects of the study were 26 persons who provide care for a spouse with moderate impairment from Alzheimer’s disease. Interview data were analyzed with grounded theory techniques to isolate the purposes behind the management decisions of spousal caregivers.
Conclusion. Implications are presented for occupational therapy intervention to assist caregivers in gaining the knowledge and skills necessary for effective and efficient management of problem behaviors associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
The Effects of Different Treatment Activities on Functional Fine Motor Coordination in Adults With Brain Injury
Authors: Neistadt Maureen E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. Occupational therapists frequently work to improve the fine motor coordination skills of adults who have dexterity deficits secondary to brain injury. Most therapists use a combination tabletop and functional activities to foster improved coordination in these clients. This study examined the effects of puzzle construction and kitchen activities on fine motor coordination in a group of 45 men with brain injury, as measured by pretest and posttest performance on two subtests of the Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function.
Method. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a parquetry block assembly group (n = 22) or a meal preparation group(n = 23).
Results. Subjects in the functional meal preparation group showed significantly greater improvement in dominant-hand dexterity for picking up small objects than subjects in the tabletop puzzle activity group. Other coordination test results were comparable for the two treatment groups.
Conclusion. These findings suggest that functional activities may be better than tabletop activities for fine motor coordination training with this population.