bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioline International
Authors: Walker Stephanie R. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the growth and changes in Bioline International (BI), a non‐profit scholarly publications aggregator, distributor, publisher, and publishing assistance service founded in 1993 and operated by scientists and librarians who have a strong commitment to the principles of open access (OA) and to broad distribution, by electronic means, of scientific information.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a case study of BI.FindingsBI has changed considerably since its early days. Initially, it largely consisted of e‐mailed versions of printed peer‐reviewed scientific journals from developing countries; these versions were generally e‐mailed as ASCII text and could lack figures and graphics. But much has changed, both due to technological capabilities and due to policy changes. BI has increasingly moved toward inclusion of e‐only journals, and has itself tried its hand at publishing a small selection of highly specialized, fully online journals, with OA portions. In January 2004, it converted its entire web site to OA (formerly, some portions were restricted). It has been enabled to become a pure OA provider of scholarly information through a model of grant support and partnerships with other institutions, including many international institutes and foundations and the University of Toronto.Originality/valueBI success is provides an unusual and successful model for strong support for OA to scholarly research and scientific information, especially from developing countries. It also provides a model of flexibility and adaptability, with minimal resources, and demonstrates the possibilities which emerge from truly broad‐based collaborations, across multiple countries, and between large and small societies, academe, and non‐governmental organizations.
Thinking between the lines: literacy and learning in a connected world
Authors: Anderson‐Inman Lynne 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight trends affecting student writing and studying in the twenty‐first century and, as a consequence, the changing nature of literacy in this digital era.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses Thomas Friedman's concept of “flattener” technologies that are creating new levels of access and participation around the globe to emphasize changes that learners and schools need to use to become literate. Making use of a vignette followed by discussion of the research relevant to these developments, the features and distinguishing characteristics of these literacies are explored.FindingsSix overarching recommendations for capitalizing on present and future innovations in technology and communication that provide new potential for twenty‐first century learning and future consciousness are made: competence; convergence; curriculum; customization; collaboration; and connectivism.Originality/valueThe paper provides an overview and insight into some of the many changes and challenges impacting on the world of education due to the large‐scale availability and use of digital text and digital media. The exploration of strategies to capitalize on the media rich environments in which our students live is compelling and evidence‐based.
Value creation and the impact of corporate real estate assets
Authors: Nappi‐Choulet Ingrid , Missonier‐Piera Franck , Cancel Marion 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate real estate (CRE) ownership on value creation for non‐financial French listed companies.Design/methodology/approachUsing a pool sample composed of SBF 250 companies over the period 1999‐2004, this paper investigates the association between economic value added (EVA) and market value added (MVA) as proxies for the value generated by French listed companies and the proportion of real estate in their asset portfolio.FindingsThe empirical results show that an increase in the proportion of real estate assets (over total assets) is negatively associated with EVA, but only for firms in service industries exhibiting low real estate intensity. The regression on MVA shows a negative association with the increase in the proportion of real estate for firms outside the service industries.Research limitations/implicationsRecent trends show that many large companies have sold a significant portion of their CRE assets. The underlying motives for such behaviour are yet to be examined (at least for the French context). If real estate has any influence, an association should be observable between proxies of value creation and the change in the proportion of real estate assets, owned by a company. The results suggest that sales of CRE assets may be driven by value maximizing behaviour.Practical implicationsIn order to maximize the value of their firm, managers should apparently take value creation into consideration in their decisions to invest in or dispose of real estate assets.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that in a French context, CRE disposals may generate value added in certain industries with specific CRE intensity.
Lean thinking implementation at a safari park
Authors: Julien Denyse M. , Tjahjono Benny 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a research project at a safari park in Buckinghamshire, UK. The aim is to introduce lean principles to the park, to enable the park to increase profits through eliminating waste and improving the efficiency of key processes whilst concurrently increasing customer satisfaction. The research is based on a case study approach within the organisation over a period of three months. The project team worked together with management and staff to deliver tangible benefits to the park.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a case study approach within the organisation over a period of three months. The project team worked together with management and staff to deliver tangible benefits to the park. The team adopted a three stage approach linked by two decision points and used a variety of lean tools to help map the current state of practices in the park and to identify areas for improvement in the park's processes.FindingsThe project succeeded in identifying several key areas for improvement. The current situation across a range of customer facing processes is mapped and through detailed analysis and simulations, recommendations for improvements have been delivered to the management. The scope of the project is broad and so for the purpose of this paper, only one key area will be elaborated on, feed logistics. Feed logistics is the distribution network of feed throughout the park from receipt from the suppliers, the storage locations, through to the preparation areas and ultimately the animals.Originality/valueThe project demonstrated that in fact the underlying philosophies and tools of lean thinking can be used with significant benefits to drive improvements in the unusual setting of a safari park. The successful application of lean thinking into a safari park proved to be an extremely unique opportunity to observe the impact of those principles in generating both tangible and intangible benefits to that organisation. In particular, as discussed in this paper, the simplification of the feed network and distribution for the park eliminated waste in the form of movement, time and inventory.
Semi‐automatic post‐processing for improved usability of electure podcasts
Authors: Hürst Wolfgang , Welte Martina 
Published: May 2009

PurposePlaying back recorded lectures on handheld devices offers interesting perspectives for learning, but suffers from small screen sizes. The purpose of this paper is to propose several semi‐automatic post‐processing steps in order to improve usability by providing a better readability and additional navigation functionality.Design/methodology/approachSeveral rather simple (and thus fast) statistical indicators were implemented and evaluated to detect certain events in a lecture recording that can be used in a semi‐automatic post‐processing approach.FindingsThe evaluations verify the quality of the analysis. By presenting an actual implementation, the paper demonstrates how these results can be used to improve visibility of the content and provide further navigation options, thus increasing overall usability.Originality/valueThis paper provides practical information on how to build a useful system for everyday usage in normal teaching scenarios. The paper presents different approaches illustrating initial steps for achieving better visualization and navigation functionality for lecture podcast – two issues that are essential for their usability but have not found much attention so far. This implementation demonstrates the usefulness and feasibility of the proposed techniques. Although the purpose of this article is rather on practical aspects than on presenting new research results, some of the observations can have implications for research in this area and some results illustrate important aspects and interesting research opportunities.
Structural colours create a flashing cue for sexual recognition and male quality in a Neotropical giant damselfly
Authors: Schultz Tom D. , Fincke Ola M. 
Published: May 2009

Summary1. Structural coloration is common among animals that produce sexual displays involving motion or ultraviolet reflection. Different sources of colour may provide multicomponent signals that indicate the location, sex, and fitness of a potential mate or rival. We investigated the proximate basis and ultimate function of the wing coloration of the territorial damselflyMegaloprepus caerulatus,which produces a dynamic, high contrast display during flight. The wings of both sexes have blue and white bands, but the location of the white patches are sex specific.2. Wax filaments produce diffuse, white areas through broadband scattering of wavelengths between 300 and 700 nm. Blue bands reflect wavelengths between 300 and 500 nm (λmax = 398 nm) and shift in hue with viewing angle, the result of thin layer interference produced by layers of cuticle and pigment within the wing membrane. Both wing bands strongly reflect UV wavelengths.3. Both the iridescent UV‐blue and white wing patches provide high contrast against the vegetation in forest light gaps where mating occurs. Moreover, the iridescent signal oscillates during flight. Angle‐dependent UV‐blue iridescence is periodically extinguished during each wing beat cycle, in contrast to the white areas, which remain bright.4. Males distinguish potential mates from rivals by the presence of a female’s white wing tip. Blackening the white wing bands of males and adding white wing tips to resemble a female elicits a sexual rather than aggressive response from males. Conversely, blackening the white wing tips of females reduces sexual responses.5. The proportional area of the white wing bands of males is indicative of wing symmetry, correlated with body size, and in turn, territory residency suggesting that it may serve as a signal of male condition during intra‐ and intersexual interactions.6. We propose that the flashing iridescent UV‐blue wing bands provide a beacon to potential mates across forest light gaps, whereas the white patches serve in mate recognition and may indicate male quality or territorial status. Our study identifies a unique combination of interference and broadband reflectors that provide a dynamic multicomponent signal.
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone alter soybean diseases at SoyFACE
Authors: EASTBURN DARIN M. , DEGENNARO MELISSA M. , DELUCIA EVAN H. , DERMODY ORLA , MCELRONE ANDREW J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHuman driven changes in the Earth's atmospheric composition are likely to alter plant disease in the future. We evaluated the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on three economically important soybean diseases (downy mildew, Septoria brown spot and sudden death syndrome‐SDS) under natural field conditions at the soybean free air concentration enrichment (SoyFACE) facility. Disease incidence and/or severity were quantified from 2005 to 2007 using visual surveys and digital image analysis, and changes were related to microclimatic variability and to structural and chemical changes in soybean host plants. Changes in atmospheric composition altered disease expression, but responses of the three pathosystems varied considerably. Elevated CO2 alone or in combination with O3 significantly reduced downy mildew disease severity (measured as area under the disease progress curve‐AUDPC) by 39–66% across the 3 years of the study. In contrast, elevated CO2 alone or in combination with O3 significantly increased brown spot severity in all 3 years, but the increase was small in magnitude. When brown spot severity was assessed in relation to differences in canopy height induced by the atmospheric treatments, disease severity increased under combined elevated CO2 and O3 treatment in only one of the 3 years. The atmospheric treatments had no effect on the incidence of SDS or brown spot throughout the study. Higher precipitation during the 2006 growing season was associated with increased AUDPC severity across all treatments by 2.7 and 1.4 times for downy mildew and brown spot, respectively, compared with drought conditions in 2005. In the 2 years with similar precipitation, the higher daily temperatures in the late spring of 2007 were associated with increased severity of downy mildew and brown spot. Elevated CO2 and O3 induced changes in the soybean canopy density and leaf age likely contributed to the disease expression modifications.
Contribution of trees to carbon storage in soils of silvopastoral systems in Florida, USA
Authors: HAILE SOLOMON G. , NAIR VIMALA D. , NAIR P. K. RAMACHANDRAN 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSilvopastoral systems that integrate trees in pasture production systems are likely to enhance soil carbon (C) storage in lower soil layers due to the presence of deep tree roots. To quantify the relative soil C contribution from trees (C3 plants) and warm season grasses (C4 plants) in silvopastoral systems, soil samples were collected and analyzed from silvopastures of slash pine (Pinus elliottii)+bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and adjacent open pasture (OP), at six depths down to 125 cm, at four sites representing two major soil orders (Spodosols and Ultisols) of Florida. The plant sources of C in whole (nonfractionated) and three soil fraction sizes (250–2000, 53–250, and <53 μm) were traced using stable C isotope signatures. The silvopasture sites contained higher amounts of C3‐derived soil organic carbon (SOC) compared with OP sites, at all soil depths. Slash pine trees (C3 plants) seemed to have contributed more C in the silt+clay‐sized (<53 μm) fractions than bahiagrass (C4 plants), particularly deeper in the soil profile. Spodosols sites contained more C in the <53 μm fraction at and below the spodic horizon (occurring between 15 and 50 cm) in silvopasture compared with OP. The results indicate that most of SOC in deeper soil profiles and the relatively stable <53 μm C fraction were derived from tree components (C3 plants) in all the sites, suggesting that the tree‐based pasture system has greater potential to store more stable C in the soil compared with the treeless system.
The dynamic response of soil respiration to land‐use changes in subtropical China
Authors: SHENG HAO , YANG YUSHENG , YANG ZHIJIE , CHEN GUANGSHUI , XIE JINSHENG , GUO JIANFEN , ZOU SHUANGQUAN 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAssessing the impact of land‐use changes on soil respiration (RS) is of vital significance to understand the interactions between belowground metabolism and regional carbon budgets. In this study, the monthly in situ RS was examined between 09:00 and 12:00 hours over a 3‐year period within a representative land‐use sequence in the subtropical region of China. The land‐use sequence contained natural forest (control treatment), secondary forest, two plantations, citrus orchard and sloping tillage land. Results showed that the RS exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern, and it was dominantly controlled by the soil temperature. After the land‐use conversion, the apparent temperature sensitivity of RS (Q10) was increased from 2.10 in natural forest to 2.71 in sloping tillage land except for an abnormal decrease to 1.66 in citrus orchard. Contrarily, the annual RS was reduced by 32% following the conversion of natural forest to secondary forest, 46–48% to plantations, 63% to citrus orchard and 50% to sloping tillage land, with the average reduction of 48%. Such reduction of annual RS could be explained by the decrease of topsoil organic carbon and light‐fraction organic carbon storages, live biomass of fine root (<2 mm) and annual litter input, which indirectly/directly correlated with plant productivity. Our results suggest that substrate availability (e.g., soil organic carbon and nutrients) and soil carbon input (e.g., fine root turnover and litterfall) through plant productivity may drive the RS both in natural and managed ecosystems following strong disturbance events.
Evolution of cannibalism and female’s response to oviposition‐deterring pheromone in aphidophagous predators
Authors: Martini Xavier , Haccou Patsy , Olivieri Isabelle , Hemptinne Jean‐Louis 
Published: May 2009

Summary
1.
Egg cannibalism by larvae is common in Coccinellidae and is known to be advantageous for the cannibals. Furthermore, larvae of aphidophagous ladybirds usually produce an oviposition‐deterring pheromone (ODP), which inhibits oviposition by adult females. It has been proposed that the response to ODP has evolved because of the high costs of cannibalism. However, this has never been formally proved.
2.
In this paper, we study the theoretical evolution of this system. We first look at the conditions under which cannibalism and the response to ODP can evolve. Subsequently, we examine the occurrence of polymorphism both in the production of larval tracks and in the sensitivity of females to specific pheromones.
3.
The models predict that the amount of cannibalism should not depend on prey density and that evolution should lead to a continuous increase in cannibalism, and consequently larvae should always cannibalize eggs when possible. In response to the cost of cannibalism, ODP recognition can evolve, so that females avoid laying eggs in patches of prey already occupied by conspecific larvae. The result is an arms race between larvae and adult females, which favours a diversification of ODP pheromones. Our models show that: (i) females should be able to recognize mixtures of hydrocarbons rather than a single molecule; and (ii) females should be more sensitive to the tracks of their own offspring than those of non‐related larvae.
Landscape‐scale experiment demonstrates that Wadden Sea intertidal flats are used to capacity by molluscivore migrant shorebirds
Authors: Kraan Casper , Van Gils Jan A. , Spaans Bernard , Dekinga Anne , Bijleveld Allert I. , Van Roomen Marc , Kleefstra Romke , Piersma Theunis 
Published: May 2009

Summary 1. Whether intertidal areas are used to capacity by shorebirds can best be answered by large‐scale manipulation of foraging areas. The recent overexploitation of benthic resources in the western Dutch Wadden Sea offers such an ‘experimental’ setting. 2. We review the effects of declining food abundances on red knot Calidris canutus islandica numbers, based on a yearly large‐scale benthic mapping effort, long‐term colour‐ringing and regular bird‐counts from 1996 to 2005. We focus on the three‐way relationships between suitable foraging area, the spatial predictability of food and red knot survival. 3. For each benthic sampling position, red knot intake rate (mg AFDM s−1) was predicted by a multiple prey species functional response model, based on digestive rate maximization (this model explained diet and intake rate in earlier studies on red knots). This enabled us to derive the spatial distribution of the suitable foraging area, which in each of the 10 years was analysed with a measure of autocorrelation, i.e. Moran’s I. 4. Over the 10 years, when accounting for a threshold value to meet energetic demands, red knots lost 55% of their suitable foraging area. This ran parallel to a decrease in red knot numbers by 42%. Although there was also a decrease in patchiness (i.e. less information about the location of the suitable feeding sites), this did not yet lead to additional loss of birds. 5. To cope with these landscape‐scale declines in food stocks, an increase in the capacity for instantaneous food processing would be required. Although we show that red knots indeed enlarged their muscular gizzards, the increase in gizzard size was not enough to compensate for the decreased feeding area. 6. Survival of islandica knots in the western Dutch Wadden Sea, based on colour‐ring resightings, declined from 89% in the first half of our study period to 82% in the second half of our study period and could account for almost half of the decline in red knot numbers; the rest must have moved elsewhere in winter. 7. Densities of red knots per unit suitable foraging area remained constant at 10 knots ha−1 between 1996 and 2005, which suggests that red knots have been using the Dutch Wadden Sea to full capacity.
Is current climatic equilibrium a guarantee for the transferability of distribution model predictions? A case study of the spotted hyena
Authors: Varela Sara , Rodríguez Jesús , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim  The transferability of species distribution models requires that species show climatic equilibrium throughout their entire distribution area. We test this assumption for the case of the spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, a large carnivore that has shifted its distribution over the last 100,000 years from a widespread Eurasian and African range to its current geographical distribution, restricted to the Sub‐Saharan areas of the African continent.Location  Western Eurasia and Africa.Methods  The current realized distribution of C. crocuta was estimated using presences and reliable absences as well as climatic, land‐cover and anthropic variables as predictors. The potential distribution was estimated using presences and a set of pseudo‐absences selected from localities outside climatically suitable localities, with only climatic variables serving as predictors. The current potential distribution was transferred to the Last Interglacial period (126,000 yr bp) using the palaeoclimatic data yielded by the GENESIS 2 general circulation model, and validated with European fossil data. Generalized linear models were used on all occasions.Results  Climatic variables are able to predict the current distribution of the species with high accuracy. The geographical projection of this model indicates that the species is distributed over almost all of its potential suitable area, which allows us to suppose that the current distribution of this species is in climatic equilibrium. However, the time transference of model predictions for the western Eurasian region reveals almost no suitable conditions for hyenas, despite the widespread presence of C. crocuta fossil remains on this continent during the Last Interglacial period.Main conclusions  Our results indicate that, even when model results suggest a climatic equilibrium for a species distribution, the time transferability of such models does not necessarily provide realistic results. This occurs because the current geographical range does not allow estimations of all of the environmental requirements of a species. Therefore, any model trained with current data risks underestimating the potential suitable environmental and geographical range for species in a new area or time period.