bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐guided subclavian vein cannulation in infants: supraclavicular approach
Authors: Rhondali Ossam , Attof Rachid , Combet Sylvie , Chassard Dominique , de Queiroz Siqueira Mathilde 
Published: June 2011

SummaryBackground:  Ultrasound (US) guidance techniques are reported to be safe for internal jugular vein catheterization, although anatomic conditions are not favorable for this approach in infants. The subclavian vein (SCV) seems to be a better site for long‐term central venous catheterization in children, with a supraclavicular approach to avoid compression of the central venous catheter between the clavicle and the first rib (‘pinch‐off’ syndrome). We describe a new US‐guided approach for supraclavicular SCV cannulation in infants.Methods:  The principle of this technique is to place the US probe at the supraclavicular level to obtain a longitudinal view of the SCV, and to gain access to the vein with a total ultrasonic control (in‐plane puncture) via a supraclavicular approach known since 1965, but rarely used in blind puncture. The results of 37 US‐guided SCV cannulations in infants weighing <10 kg are reported.Results:  Forty–two infants were enrolled in this observational study, and five infants with bad visualization of SCV were excluded. The procedure duration was <5 min in all cases except one. The success rate at the first attempt was 81% and 100% after two attempts. No major complications were reported.Conclusions:  This US‐guided supraclavicular approach for SCV puncture is a new possibility for central venous catheterization in small infants, offering all the advantages of SCV cannulation without the risk of ‘pinch‐off’ syndrome. This technique seems valuable for children and infants and quite easy to apply for physicians trained to US guidance punctures.
Low‐diversity bacterial community in the gut of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Wong Chun Nin Adam , Ng Patrick , Douglas Angela E. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe bacteria in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster of different life stages was quantified by 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The sequence reads were dominated by 5 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at ≤ 97% sequence identity that could be assigned to Acetobacter pomorum, A. tropicalis, Lactobacillus brevis, L. fructivorans and L. plantarum. The saturated rarefaction curves and species richness indices indicated that the sampling (85 000–159 000 reads per sample) was comprehensive. Parallel diagnostic PCR assays revealed only minor variation in the complement of the five bacterial species across individual insects and three D. melanogaster strains. Other gut‐associated bacteria included 6 OTUs with low %ID to previously reported sequences, raising the possibility that they represent novel taxa within the genera Acetobacter and Lactobacillus. A developmental change in the most abundant species, from L. fructivorans in young adults to A. pomorum in aged adults was identified; changes in gut oxygen tension or immune system function might account for this effect. Host immune responses and disturbance may also contribute to the low bacterial diversity in the Drosophila gut habitat.
The Gender Pay Gap for Private‐Sector Employees in Canada and Britain
Authors: Drolet Marie , Mumford Karen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe gender earnings differentials for private‐sector employees in Britain and Canada are similar, substantial and significant. Using linked employer–employee data, we show that women are more likely to be employed in low‐wage workplaces than men in both counties. After accounting for the workplace, women continue to earn less than comparable men. Although men and women face a more equal pay structure within their workplace than they do across workplaces, a substantial portion of the gender pay gap in both countries remains unexplained by the individual characteristics or workplace effects considered in this study.
Low‐dose UVA1 phototherapy for scleroderma: what benefit can we expect?
Authors: Pereira N. , Santiago F. , Oliveira H. , Figueiredo A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  The first reports of the application of ultravioletA1 (UVA1) phototherapy for scleroderma go back only to 1995, but since then, several studies have proven its effectiveness in this disease.Objectives  To evaluate the effectiveness of low‐dose (35 J/cm2) UVA1 phototherapy in patients with scleroderma, trying to define the subgroups that benefit most from this treatment.Methods  Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with clinical and/or histological scleroderma, undergoing low‐dose UVA1 phototherapy between 2003 and 2010.Results  We studied 21 patients (20 women and one man) aged 10–75 years (mean 50). Eighteen with morphea performed a total of 29 treatments, with an average of 33 sessions per treatment per patient, a mean dose of 31 J/cm2 per session and an average cumulative dose of 1662 J/cm2 (310–4270). The three patients with systemic scleroderma underwent a total of five treatments, with an average of 26 sessions per treatment per patient, a mean dose of 29.5 J/cm2 per session and an average cumulative dose of 1160 J/cm2 (660–1695). Using the modified Rodnan skin score, in the group of patients with morphea, a marked improvement was found in 77.8% patients and a moderate improvement was found in 11.1% patients. In the systemic scleroderma group, a patient with complete remission of the skin sclerosis is emphasized.Conclusions  Our experience allows us to conclude that low‐dose UVA1 phototherapy is a well tolerated option, with excellent results mainly in patients with morphea. This treatment is a valuable contribution to these patients, given the limited therapeutic options available.
The individual dual needs for assimilation and distinctiveness as a segmentation mechanism: developing the concept among students
Authors: Katz‐Navon Tal , Timmor Yaron 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe present study proposes that the individual's needs for assimilation and distinctiveness serve as a valuable mechanism for consumer segmentation and suggests that augmenting the List of Values with these dual needs enriches the understanding of consumer responses to marketing strategies. Results of a study using a sample of 536 students in an Israeli university identified five segments with significantly different needs for assimilation and differentiation. These segments showed different preferences for marketing communications and distribution channels in their purchasing decision of a cell phone. Mass media and website usage influenced segments marked by high assimilation, while word of mouth influenced segments characterized by high distinctiveness. Augmenting the List of Values with dual needs based segmentation moderated students’ tendencies to favour/dislike marketing communications and distribution channels.
Developmental state and innovation: nanotechnology in China
Authors: APPELBAUM RICHARD P. , PARKER RACHEL , CAO CONG 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this article we examine the role of the Chinese government in fostering advances in nanotechnology, while looking at the promises and pitfalls of state‐led development in the world's fastest‐growing major economy. China, like many countries involved in catch‐up development, is convinced that manufacturing prowess alone is not enough to make it a leading economic power in the twenty‐first century. Our concern here is how, within the context of nanotechnology, China's approach to national development reflects the debate on innovation. Many countries, including the United States, see government spending on nanotechnology as essential to creating world leadership in this emerging field. The USA, for example, expects to spend $1.8 billion in 2011 on its National Nanotechnology Initiative – primarily to foster basic research and development. Unlike the USA, government sources largely fund nanotechnology in China, for its economy is in transition from state‐owned to privately‐owned enterprises and still suffers from a lack of private investment capital. Moreover, in China, such funding extends more broadly across the value chain than in the United States, from fundamental research to commercialization. Through field research and extensive interviews, in this article we document and evaluate the effectiveness of China's state‐led efforts to become a global nanotech leader.
Weak or strong invaders? A comparison of impact between the native and invaded ranges of mammals and birds alien to Europe
Authors: Kumschick Sabrina , Alba Christina , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Nentwig Wolfgang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim Species introduced to an area outside of their native range are often thought to have higher impact in this new area. We examined whether this is really the case in mammals and birds and to what extent. In particular, we explored how impacts of alien species vary in relationship to invader identity and type of impact.Location Global.Methods We conducted a thorough review of the literature to compare the impact of alien European mammals and birds in their native and invaded ranges. Based on a series of environmental and economic impact scores, we ordered species along a continuum from weak invaders, which have lower impact in the invaded range, to strong invaders, which have higher impact in the invaded range.Results We found that nearly 80% of the mammals are strong invaders, but only half of the birds. Members of these two classes also affect their communities in different ways; birds more often have an impact via hybridization, whereas mammals have stronger impacts via herbivory, transmission of diseases to wildlife and their effects on agriculture, livestock and forestry.Main conclusions Generally, mammals and birds have different impacts when invading new regions. Although there are some bird species that are strong invaders, these remain the exception among birds, whereas most mammals increase their impact in the invaded range. This study provides a deeper insight into patterns of impact in the invaded range.
Selective blockade of A2A receptor protects against neurotoxicity induced by kainic acid in young rats
Authors: Bortolatto Cristiani F. , Jesse Cristiano R. , Wilhelm Ethel A. , Nogueira Cristina W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SCH 58261, a selective adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist, on kainic acid (KA)‐induced seizures in 21‐day‐old rats. Rats were pretreated with SCH 58261 (1 or 3 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route 30 min before KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. The appearance of clonic seizures, the latency for the onset of the first clonic seizure episode, and the number of deaths induced by KA were evaluated. To test the hypothesis of the oxidative imbalance induced by KA exposure, reactive species (RS) levels, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activities in the brains of rats were measured. Both doses of SCH 58261 prolonged the latency for the onset of the first clonic seizure episode. SCH 58261, at the highest dose, decreased the appearance of clonic seizures as well as the mortality rate induced by KA administration. SCH 58261, at the dose of 3 mg/kg, was also effective in protecting against alterations in oxidative stress parameters (RS levels, CAT, GPx, and GST activities) in the brains of young rats exposed to KA. Our data reveal that SCH 58261 was protective against the neurotoxicity induced by KA. Therefore, the blockade of A2AR might represent a novel approach for the treatment of seizures.
Sirolimus and everolimus intestinal absorption and interaction with calcineurin inhibitors: a differential effect between cyclosporine and tacrolimus
Authors: Lamoureux Fabien , Picard Nicolas , Boussera Belkacem , Sauvage François‐Ludovic , Marquet Pierre 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe mTOR inhibitors (ImTORs) sirolimus (SRL) and everolimus (EVR) have been increasingly used in renal transplantation as part of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) sparing or avoidance regimens. Those drugs have low and variable oral bioavailability that is increased when combined with cyclosporine or tacrolimus (TAC). We investigated the mechanisms involved in ImTORs intestinal absorption in vitro and associated it with their drug–drug interactions with CNIs. The transport of ImTORs across Caco‐2 cells was studied in the apical (A) to basolateral (B) and B to A directions, in the absence or presence of cyclosporine, TAC, and GF120918 (P‐gp inhibitor). In Caco‐2 cells, EVR and SRL displayed a polarized transport with 8.7‐ and 5.9‐fold higher Papp,B→A than Papp,A→B, respectively. P‐gp inhibition by GF120918 resulted in a 70 and 41% decrease in EVR and SRL efflux, respectively. Cyclosporine and TAC led to a comparable and significant decrease in the efflux ratio of ImTORs, suggesting inhibition of a P‐gp‐mediated efflux transport. Cyclosporine also exhibited a specific increase of Papp,B→A, which may be attributed to the inhibition of other transporters and/or metabolizing enzymes. In conclusion, EVR and SRL are both subject to an apically directed efflux mediated by P‐gp. TAC mainly inhibits this efflux mechanism, while the effect of cyclosporine appears to be more complex with mechanisms to be confirmed by further studies.
Hallucinations treated with rivastigmine in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Chapuis Claire , Casez Olivier , Lagrange Emmeline , Bedouch Pierrick , Besson Gérard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractClinical features at onset of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) may mimic symptoms of Lewy bodies dementia. Clinical evolution, neuroimaging, metabolism exploration, and cerebrospinal fluid investigations may help establishing the diagnosis. However, CJD definite diagnosis requires postmortem autopsy. This symptom overlap led us to successfully prescribe an anticholinesterasic treatment, rivastigmine, to a patient for whom a probable CJD disease was finally diagnosed.
Sex‐Related Differences in Epidemiological and Clinic‐Based Headache Studies
Authors: MacGregor E. Anne , Rosenberg Jason D. , Kurth Tobias 
Published: June 2011

(Headache 2011;51:843‐859)This manuscript discusses sex‐related differences in headache prevalence, the symptoms and natural history of migraine, associated disability, and co‐morbid disorders. The role of sex hormones is discussed with reference to the effects of hormonal events across the reproductive years and the specific effects of the menstrual cycle on migraine. Differences between the sexes were identified across all parameters reviewed. Future research should ensure that data are analyzed separately for men and women to ensure that differences between the sexes are identified.
Psychosocial Factors of Relevance to Sex and Gender Studies in Headache
Authors: Smitherman Todd A. , Ward Thomas N. 
Published: June 2011

(Headache 2011;51:923‐931)Sex and gender differences in humans are being increasingly recognized not only in experimental pain paradigms but also clinically. Women experience various chronic pain conditions such as headache more than men and evidence differences in pain threshold and pain tolerance experimentally. In addition to biological underpinnings, psychosocial factors such as gender and social role expectations, coping strategies, and affective variables likely contribute to observed sex‐ and gender‐related differences in headache. The present narrative reviews and summarizes extant literature pertaining to these psychosocial factors. Gender and social role expectations and coping styles differ between men and women who experience headache and pain, in turn affecting differences in responding to pain. Epidemiologic findings that women have higher rates of headache‐related disability and psychiatric comorbidity have not been replicated regularly among treatment‐seeking headache samples. Awareness of these differences may stimulate further research and enhance therapeutic opportunities for headache patients.
First‐ever, door‐to‐door cross‐sectional representative study in Prey Veng province (Cambodia)
Authors: Preux Pierre‐Marie , Chea Kimly , Chamroeun Hun , Bhalla Devender , Vannareth Mey , Huc Pierre , Samleng Chan , Cayreyre Mireille , Gérard Daniel , Dumas Michel , Oum Sophal 
Published: June 2011

SummaryPurpose:  To estimate the lifetime prevalence of epilepsy in Prey Veng province (Cambodia).Methods:  Door‐to‐door screening was performed using a random cluster survey whereby all people >1 year of age were screened for epilepsy by using a validated and standardized questionnaire for epilepsy in tropical countries. Suspected epilepsy patients identified by the questionnaire were revisited and examined by epileptologists. The confirmation of epilepsy was based on an in‐depth clinical examination. Electroencephalograms were recorded at the community dispensary.Key Findings:  Five hundred three potential epilepsy cases were identified from 16,510 screened subjects, and 96 were diagnosed to have epilepsy. An overall prevalence of 5.8 per 1,000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–7.0 per 1,000] was obtained. Generalized epilepsy (76%) was more common than partial epilepsy (12.5%). Three cases were of generalized myoclonic epilepsy (3.1%) and one case each (1.0%) were of absence and olfactory partial epilepsy. Six cases (5.2%) had more than one seizure type [one case with absence + generalized tonic–clonic (GTC), one case each with GTC + partial seizures with secondary generalization and absence + generalized myoclonic seizures and absence + simple partial seizures, and two cases with GTC + complex partial seizures]. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies revealed spike and wave discharges in 43.8%, focal spikes in 21.0%, generalized slow waves in 19.2%, and generalized slowing of background in 15.7%.Significance:  This is the first population‐based study in Cambodia that had epilepsy as a primary objective, and compared to Western and neighboring countries it shows a lower prevalence.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression in childhood absence epilepsy
Authors: Vega Clemente , Guo Jennifer , Killory Brendan , Danielson Nathan , Vestal Matthew , Berman Rachel , Martin Leisel , Gonzalez Jose L. , Blumenfeld Hal , Spann Marisa N. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryChildhood absence epilepsy (CAE) has been recently linked to a number of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional disorders. Identification of affective disorders (anxiety and depression) presents unique challenges in pediatric populations, and successful early intervention may significantly improve long‐term developmental outcomes. The current study examined the specific anxiety and depression symptoms children with CAE experience, and explored the role of disease factors in the severity of their presentation. Forty‐five subjects with CAE and 41 healthy matched controls, ages 6–16 years, participated in the study. The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) was completed by parents, and the Anxiety and Depression subscales were used to characterize problems. Item analysis within the subscales revealed that children with CAE demonstrated higher rates of symptoms of anxiety (nervousness and thought rumination) and depression (sadness and crying), as well as more general psychosocial problems including isolation and low self‐esteem. Disease duration, intractability, and medication effects were not associated with higher rates of affective problems in this limited patient sample. Screening of patients with CAE for comorbid psychiatric disorders early by focusing on specific symptom profiles unique to this population may enhance overall treatment and developmental outcomes.
Measurement of buccal bone volume of dental implants by means of cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Shiratori Lucy Naomi , Marotti Juliana , Yamanouchi Júlio , Chilvarquer Israel , Contin Ivo , Tortamano‐Neto Pedro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) for measuring the buccal bone volume around dental implants.Materials and methods: Three to six implants were inserted into the anterior maxilla of eight skulls, depending on the availability of bone, and after this, the CBCT was performed. By means of CBCT image, measurements of the bone wall at three points of the implant were obtained, analyzed and compared with those obtained in the plaster skull casting.Results: The results showed that for the three points of the implants, no statistically significant difference in the measurements was obtained from the plaster model and CBCT images.Conclusions: CBCT can be a useful tool for assessing buccal bone volume along the implant.To cite this article: Shiratori LN, Marotti J, Yamanouchi J, Chilvarquer I, Contin I, Tortamano‐Neto P. Measurement of buccal bone volume of dental implants by means of cone‐beam computed tomography. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 797–804. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02207.x
Sinus augmentation using absorbable collagen sponge loaded with Escherichia coli‐expressed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 in a standardized rabbit sinus model: a radiographic and histologic analysis
Authors: Choi Youna , Yun Jeong‐Ho , Kim Chang‐Sung , Choi Seong‐Ho , Chai Jung‐Kiu , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the osteoinductive effect of absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) loaded with Escherichia coli‐expressed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (ErhBMP‐2) and evaluate structural stability of ACS in a standardized rabbit sinus model.Material and methods: The maxillary sinuses were prepared bilaterally in six male white rabbits. The windows were prepared using a 6 mm trephine bur, and circular bony windows were carefully removed. Following reflection of the sinus membrane, a saline‐soaked ACS alone and an ErhBMP‐2‐loaded ACS were inserted into the left and right maxillary sinuses, respectively. After a healing period of 8 weeks, sections of the augmented sinus and surrounding bone were made and analyzed by microcomputed tomography and histologically for signs of window closure and bone augmentation.Results: Radiographic analysis revealed new bone formation in both groups of augmented sinus (i.e., with and without ErhBMP‐2). The maximum augmented height did not differ significantly between the groups; however, window closure was significantly more advanced in the ErhBMP‐2 group than in the control group (P=0.02). The defect was significantly deeper in the control group than in the ErhBMP‐2‐treated group (P=0.02).Conclusions: In conclusion, ErhBMP‐2‐loaded ACS showed enhanced osteoinductive potential, particularly with regard to bone closure of a sinus window and facilitated maturation of the newly formed bone within the rabbit sinus cavity. However, the structural durability of ACS was not sufficient to maintain the augmented volume in the sinus.