bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitive efficiency of sulphathiazole for aluminum corrosion in trichloroacetic acid
Authors: Desai P.S. , Vashi R.T. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect that different concentrations of the inhibitor sulphathiazole have on the corrosion of aluminum in 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 M trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and to elucidate the mechanisms of inhibition for this system.Design/methodology/approachGravimetric measurements and galvanostatic polarization were used to investigate the effect of sulphathiazole on the corrosion of aluminum in TCA solution. The findings were used to determine the corrosion rates and efficiencies of the inhibitor at different concentrations.FindingsThe corrosion rate of aluminum decreased with increasing inhibitor concentrations and the efficiency of inhibition increased with increasing concentration of inhibitor up to almost 89 percent in 0.01 M TCA and up to 65.87 percent in 0.10 M TCA. The concentrations of inhibitor were in the range of 5‐20 mM. Absorption of the inhibitor was onto the aluminum surface and consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A plot of log (θ/1−θ) versus log C gave a straight line, which suggests that the inhibitor covers both the anodic and cathodic regions. From the plot of the isotherm, it was observed that one inhibitor molecule occupies more than one active site. The mean ΔGads0 values were negative almost in all cases, indicating that the adsorption was spontaneous and that the mechanism of adsorption was physical – i.e. electrostatic attraction. Polarization data revealed that the inhibitor functions as a mixed inhibitor.Originality/valueThe paper deals with the inhibition of corrosion of 2S commercially pure aluminum in 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 M solutions of TCA. To date, not much detailed information has been generated about this problem.
Corrosion behavior of concrete modified with waste tire
Authors: Khalilitabas A.A. , Dehghanian C. , Aliofkhazraei M. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of rubber on the durability and corrosion resistance of steel‐reinforced concrete by measuring the permeability, water absorption, corrosion potential, linear polarization resistance and AC impedance during 150 days immersion in NaCl solution.Design/methodology/approachPermeability, water absorption, corrosion potential, linear polarization resistance and AC impedance during 150 days immersion in NaCl solution have been measured. It was observed that the water permeability of rubberized concrete decreased with the addition of rubber. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs were used to study the bulk of rubberized concrete and it was shown that the interfacial zones of cement/rubber had an important effect on water permeability. The corrosion behavior of this concrete was investigated in the chloride solution.FindingsIt was observed that optimum corrosion resistance was obtained with low rubber contents.Practical implicationsThe research results can be used for the fabrication of concrete modified with waste tire material.Originality/valueThe paper describes a method suitable for fabrication of concrete modified with tire waste, especially from an economic standpoint.
The effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen and the velocity of seawater, on the corrosion behavior of condenser alloys
Authors: Rezakhani Davar 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and velocity of seawater on corrosion behavior of three copper‐based alloys (admiralty brass, aluminum brass and Cu‐5Ni alloy used in condenser tubes).Design/methodology/approachA series of electrochemical tests were carried out in seawater at different temperatures and DO contents using both stationary and rotating‐disc electrodes in order to investigate the corrosion behavior of alloys under these conditions.FindingsIt was found that admiralty brass exhibited a significantly higher corrosion rate and Cu‐5Ni alloy was more resistant to corrosion than were the brasses. With increasing temperature, the corrosion rates of the brasses increased. Selective zinc dissolution took place over the whole temperature range. Increasing temperature decreased the corrosion rate of Cu‐5Ni alloy in seawater due to formation of a passive film. The passivation of the alloy could be explained by the presence of greater proportion of nickel at the metal surface. Brasses, especially admiralty brass, exhibited higher corrosion rates in high concentrations of DO, whereas the Cu‐5Ni alloy was virtually immune to corrosion under such conditions. Increasing the water velocity increased the corrosion rate of admiralty brass but velocity had no effect on the corrosion rate of aluminum brass and Cu‐Ni alloy.Originality/valueThis paper provides information about corrosion behavior of three copper alloys used for common condenser tubes. The study fulfilled the objective of the investigation and contributes to research on corrosion behaviors of copper alloys in seawater.
Six Sigma: insights from organizational innovativeness and market orientation
Authors: Eng Teck‐Yong 
Published: March 2011

PurposeDespite the implicit link of Six Sigma's focus on continuous innovation and customer satisfaction to concepts of organizational innovativeness and market orientation, there are limited theoretical analysis and conceptual development to guide and inform the theory of Six Sigma. This conceptual paper seeks to examine theoretical contributions of market orientation and organizational innovativeness to Six Sigma.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines how organizational innovativeness and market orientation reinforce Six Sigma by analyzing their relevance in terms of internal consistency and theoretical predications.FindingsWhile market orientation enhances customer focus and promotes responsiveness through continuous innovation, Six Sigma's customer orientation can lead to over‐emphasis on incremental innovation compromising capabilities for ground‐breaking innovations. Six Sigma can redress this imbalance by integrating long‐term goals and resource capability development.Originality/valueThis paper advances seven theoretical propositions highlighting key concepts of organizational innovativeness and market orientation as contributions to Six Sigma and avenues for further research.
A new approach to monitor the process dispersion
Authors: Prajapati D.R. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe concept of the proposed R chart is based on the sum of chi squares (χ2). The average run lengths (ARLs) of the proposed R chart are computed and compared with the ARLs of a standard R chart, Shewhart variance chart proposed by Chang and Gan, a CUSUM range chart (with and without FIR feature) proposed by Chang and Gan and also with an EWMA range chart proposed by Crowder and Hamilton for various chart parameters. This paper aims to show that only FIR CUSUM schemes perform better than the proposed R chart but other CUSUM and EWMA schemes are less efficient than the proposed R chart.Design/methodology/approachThe concept of the proposed R chart is based on the sum of chi squares (χ2). The proposed R chart divides the plot area into three regions, namely: outright rejection region; outright acceptance region; and transition region. The NULL hypothesis is rejected if a point falls beyond the control limit, and accepted if it falls below the warning limit. However, when a point falls beyond the warning limit, but not beyond the control limit, the decision is taken on the basis of individual observations of the previous H samples, which are considered to evaluate statistic U, that is the sum of chi squares. The NULL hypothesis is rejected if U exceeds a predefined value (U*) and accepted otherwise.FindingsThe comparisons also show that the CUSUM, EWMA and proposed R charts outperform the Shewhart R chart by a substantial amount. It is concluded that only FIR CUSUM schemes perform better than the proposed R chart, as it is second in ranking. The other CUSUM and EWMA schemes are less efficient than the proposed R chart.Research limitations/implicationsCUSUM and EWMA charts can catch a small shift in the process average but they are not efficient to catch a large shift. Many researchers have also pointed out that these charts' applicability is limited to the chemical industries. Another limitation of CUSUM and EWMA charts is that they can catch the shift only when there is a single and sustained shift in the process average. If the shift is not sustained, then they will not be effective.Practical implicationsMany difficulties related to the operation and design of CUSUM and EWMA control charts are greatly reduced by providing a simple and accurate proposed scheme. The performance characteristics (ARLs) of the proposed charts described in this paper are very much comparable with FIR CUSUM, CUSUM, EWMA and other charts. It can be concluded that, instead of considering many chart parameters used in CUSUM and EWMA charts, it is better to consider a simple and more effective scheme, because a control chart loses its simplicity with multiple parameters. Moreover, practitioners may also experience difficulty in using these charts in production processes.Originality/valueIt is a modification of the Shewhart Range Chart but it is more effective than the Shewhart Range chart, as shown in the research paper.
Effect of emulsion polymerisation conditions on electrical performance of polyaniline
Authors: Zhao D. , Liu X. , Li Z. , Bai X. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to develop a method of synthesising polyaniline (PANI) with excellent electrical conductivity.Design/methodology/approachThe preparation of PANI was carried out by vibration of emulsifier (SDBS), oxidant (APS) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution concentration. The changes of temperature and time of reaction had also been observed and researched.FindingsChanging of reaction conditions was found to have a great influence on polyaniline's conductivity. The optimum condition for preparing polyaniline salt is as follows: the molar ratio of n(An)/n(SDBS)/n(APS) is 10/10/9, the concentration of HCl is 0.9 M, stirred constantly at 0°C for a period of 3 h. By using this emulsion polymerisation pathway the maximum of conductivity of polyaniline is 4.35 s/cm.Practical implicationsThe method can be widely applicable to coatings, preparation of exfoliated clay composites and solution blending with other commodity polymers.Originality/valueThe method could be adapted for use on an industrial scale.
Anticorrosive performance of ion‐exchange zeolites in alkyd‐based paints
Authors: Ahmed Nivin M. , Emira Hassan S. , Selim Mohamed M. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeOrganic coatings remain the most widely used way of protecting steel structures from corrosion. Traditional anticorrosive paints contain lead or hexavalent chromium compounds as active pigments. The use of these classical chromates is nowadays restricted by increasing environmental awareness and stringent national and international regulations. An alternative is the use of ion‐exchangeable pigments. The purpose of this paper is to show that cation‐exchanged zeolites can be considered as a safe and efficient alternative to traditional hazardous pigments in protecting steel surfaces.Design/methodology/approachThe new pigments were characterised using different analytical and spectro‐photometric techniques. Characterisation of these pigments using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were done. X‐ray fluorescence was employed to elucidate the concentration of different elements in the prepared pigments. Evaluation of the ion‐exchanged and initial zeolite pigments using international standard testing methods (ASTM) was estimated. Testing the anticorrosive protection of cation‐exchanged zeolites in alkyd paints formulated based on their pigment volume concentration/critical pigment volume concentration was studied, and then these new pigments were applied on cold‐rolled steel panels. The physico‐mechanical properties of dry films and their corrosion properties using accelerated laboratory test in 3.5 per cent NaCl for 28 days were tested.FindingsThe results of this work revealed that paint films containing initial Na‐zeolite performed the least protection behaviour, while films including Zn, Ca and Mg‐zeolites were better in their corrosion protection performance, and they can be arranged as Zn‐zeolite>Ca‐zeolite>Mg‐zeolite.Practical implicationsThese pigments can be applied in other polymer composites, e.g. rubber and plastics as reinforcing agent and fillers.Originality/valueThe paper shows that these prepared pigments are environmentally friendly pigments which impart high anticorrosive behaviour to paint films with great economic savings.
Self‐emulsifying polysiloxanes containing multi‐cationic groups as resin to improve fastness properties of dyed cellulose fabrics
Authors: Xie Kongliang , Hou Aiqin , Xu Lei 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of self‐emulsifying polysiloxanes containing multi‐cationic groups as resin on fastness properties of dyed cellulose fabrics.Design/methodology/approachCellulose fabrics were dyed with three reactive dyes. Then, the self‐emulsifying polysiloxanes containing multi‐cationic groups as resin were applied to the dyed cellulose fabrics. The fastness properties were investigated.FindingsThe results show that the wet rubbing fastness, washing fastness and perspiration fastness of three dyed samples treated with novel self‐emulsifying polysiloxanes are higher than those of the dyed samples without the polymer treatment. The complexes of cellulose with the polysiloxanes having multi‐cationic groups are formed. With the increase of the quantity of cationic groups in the polymer macromolecules, the wet rubbing and washing fastness further increase. The self‐emulsifying polysiloxanes can affect the colour yields (K/S) of the dyed fabrics.Originality/valueThe self‐emulsifying polysiloxanes containing multi‐cationic groups are novel functional materials. They are easily self‐emulsifying in water, without the need of disperse agents, and form a transparent macromolecule colloid solution. Self‐emulsifying polysiloxanes as resins can change material properties to improve their wet fastness and gloss. They have potential application as resins in the coloration industry. This paper is an original research report and has not been published previously.
Innovation management of logistics service providers
Authors: Busse Christian , Marcus Wallenburg Carl 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a sound basis to facilitate further research on innovation management at logistics service providers (LSPs).Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of extant literature was undertaken and supplemented by conceptual deliberations.FindingsFuture LSP‐specific innovation research should be undertaken. While comparatively much knowledge on innovation management by LSPs does already exist, it is hardly integrated. More comprehensive studies of LSPs' innovation processes and systems are required.Research limitations/implicationsThe review is limited to articles written in English and published in academic journals from 1999 to mid‐2009. This research should be supplemented by empirical research, in particular case studies.Practical implicationsLSPs can compare their own innovation management concepts to the body of scientific knowledge presented here. As long as research does not take their specific context into account, LSPs are required to adapt more general concepts to their needs.Originality/valueThis paper outlines theoretical features of a research stream on innovation management at LSPs. It integrates previous findings on LSPs' innovation management in a suitable framework, and it proposes an agenda for future research.
Numerical simulation of the unsteady stator‐rotor interaction in a low‐speed axial fan including experimental validation
Authors: Fernández Oro J.M. , Argüelles Diaz K.M. , Santolaria Morros C. , Galdo Vega M. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the analysis of the dynamic and periodic interaction between both fixed and rotating blade rows in a single‐stage turbomachine.Design/methodology/approachA numerical three‐dimensional (3D) simulation of the complete stage is carried out, using a commercial code, FLUENT, that resolves the 3D, unsteady turbulent flow inside the passages of a low‐speed axial flow fan. For the closure of turbulence, both Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes modeling and large eddy simulation (LES) techniques are used and compared. LES schemes are shown to be more accurate due to their good description of the largest eddy structures of the flow, but require careful near‐wall treatment.FindingsThe main goal is placed on the characterization of the unsteady flow structures involved in an axial flow blower of high reaction degree, relating them to working point variations and axial gap modifications.Research limitations/implicationsComplementarily, an experimental facility was developed to obtain a physical description of the flow inside the machine. Both static and dynamic measurements were used in order to describe the interaction phenomena. A five‐hole probe was employed for the static characterization, and hot wire anemometry techniques were used for the instantaneous response of the interaction.Originality/valueThe paper describes development of a methodology to understand the flow mechanisms related to the blade‐passing frequency in a single rotor‐stator interaction.
Numerical analysis of flow and heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid over a stretching sheet
Authors: Momeni Maryam , Jamshidi Naghmeh , Barari Amin , Domairry Ganji 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible homogeneous second‐grade fluid past a stretching sheet channel and employ the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to compute an approximation to the solution of the system of nonlinear differential equations governing on the problem.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, a study of the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible homogeneous second‐grade fluid past a stretching sheet channel is presented and the HAM is employed to compute an approximation to the solution of the system of nonlinear differential equations governing on the problem. It has been attempted to show the capabilities and wide‐range applications of the HAM in comparison with the numerical method in solving this problem.FindingsThe obtained solutions, in comparison with the exact solutions admit a remarkable accuracy.Originality/valueIn this paper, a study of the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible homogeneous second‐grade fluid past a stretching sheet channel is presented and the HAM is employed to compute an approximation to the solution of the system of nonlinear differential equations governing on the problem. The paper shows the capabilities and wide‐range applications of the HAM in comparison with the numerical method in solving this problem. The obtained solutions, in comparison with the exact solutions admit a remarkable accuracy.
A molecular dynamics study on heat and mass transfer in condensation over smooth/rough surface
Authors: Sun Jie , He Ya‐Ling , Tao Wen‐Quan 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the condensation process of hot vapor on smooth/rough walls and find how the condensation film forms and grows. The influences of the roughness and the wettability on condensation are especially analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThe non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation method is used to simulate the condensation. In order to maintain the process, a simple and effective molecule insertion mechanics is proposed.FindingsThe results show that the wall‐neighboring liquid structure becomes more regular with stronger wettability. The temporal parametric profiles show that the condensation does not progress at a constant rate but exhibit obvious unsteady characteristics of gradual deceleration, especially for strong wettability cases. Analysis based on heat and mass transfer indicates that the influence of wettability is quite superior to that of the roughness. The enhancement should be explained by the more fluent and effective energy exchange between solid and liquid particles caused by strong solid‐liquid coupling other than by the ordering structure itself.Practical implicationsThe paper's findings suggest that the wettability should be paid special attention when the heat transfer performance of the microscale condensation is predominantly focused on.Originality/valueThe paper provides a vapor‐liquid‐solid model with molecule insertion. This model can be used to evaluate the contact thermal resistance and the thermal boundary conditions in condensation under different geometric conditions.
The influence of standoff variations on the forming accuracy in laser direct metal deposition
Authors: Zhu Gangxian , Li Dichen , Zhang Anfeng , Pi Gang , Tang Yiping 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influencing rule of the standoff distance variations between the nozzle outlet and the powder deposition point on forming dimensional accuracy.Design/methodology/approachThe thin‐wall parts were built with three different standoff distances: 1 mm more than the powder focus length, equal to the powder focus length and 1 mm less than the powder focus length. Based on the experimental results, the steady standoff distance can be acquired and the difference between the building height and the ideal height of thin‐wall parts can be compensated automatically in several layers by theoretical calculation.FindingsThe experimental results show that the top surface unevenness of thin‐wall parts can be compensated automatically on the consequent successive layers when the standoff distance is less than the powder focal length from the nozzle outlet to the powder focal point, and the poorer results are obtained when the standoff distance is equal to or more than the powder focal length in the deposition of stainless steel 316L under open‐loop control.Practical implicationsThe shape of parts affects the self‐regulation effect in practical applications, so the self‐regulation effect is useful when the single contour of parts is continuous straight faces and the surface of parts is perpendicular to the build platform, and will be useless for parts with holes.Originality/valueAccording to the requirements under different process conditions in practical applications, one should first find out the relationship between the standoff distance and the building height of single‐trace cladding layer, and then use regression algorithm to obtain the stable standoff distance by simple theoretical calculation. The uniform building height, layer thickness and smooth surface can be obtained at the stable standoff distance under open‐loop control.