bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Implementing an Electronic Health Record on Diabetes Care and Outcomes
Authors: Herrin Jeph , da Graca Briget , Nicewander David , Fullerton Cliff , Aponte Phil , Stanek Greg , Cowling Terianne , Collinsworth Ashley , Fleming Neil S. , Ballard David J. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of electronic health record (EHR) implementation on primary care diabetes care.Data SourcesCharts were abstracted semi‐annually for 14,051 diabetes patients seen in 34 primary care practices in a large, fee‐for‐service network from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2010. The study sample was limited to patients aged 40 years or older.Study DesignA naturalistic experiment in which GE Centricity Physician Office–EMR 2005 was rolled out over a staggered 3‐year schedule.Data CollectionChart audits were conducted using the AMA/Physician Consortium Adult Diabetes Measure set. The primary outcome was the HealthPartners’ “optimal care” measure: HbA1c ≤ 8 percent; LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dl; blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg; not smoking; and documented aspirin use in patients ≥40 years of age.Principal FindingsAfter adjusting for patient age, sex, and insulin use, patients exposed to the EHR were significantly more likely to receive “optimal care” when compared with unexposed patients (p < .001), with an estimated difference of 9.20 percent (95% CI: 6.08, 12.33) in the final year between exposed patients and patients never exposed. Components of the optimal care bundle showing positive improvement after adjustment were systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <130 mmHg, aspirin prescription, and smoking cessation. Among patients exposed to EHR, all process and outcome measures except HbA1c and lipid control showed significant improvement.ConclusionImplementation of a commercially available EHR in primary care practice may improve diabetes care and clinical outcomes.
The natural polyamines spermidine and spermine prevent bone loss through preferential disruption of osteoclastic activation in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Yamamoto Tomomi , Hinoi Eiichi , Fujita Hiroyuki , Iezaki Takashi , Takahata Yoshifumi , Takamori Misa , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAlthough naturally occurring polyamines are indispensable for a variety of cellular events in eukaryotic cells, little attention has been paid to their physiological and pathological significance in bone remodelling to date. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological properties of several natural polyamines on the functionality and integrity of bone in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHMice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and subsequent oral supplementation with either spermidine or spermine for determination of the bone volume together with different parameters regarding bone formation and resorption by histomorphometric analyses in vivo. Pre‐osteoclasts were cultured with receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL), with or without spermidine and spermine to determine cellular maturation by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and cellular viability by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide reduction in vitro.KEY RESULTSSpermidine or spermine, given in drinking water for 28 days, significantly prevented the increased osteoclast surface/bone surface ratio and the reduced bone volume following OVX in mice. Either spermidine or spermine significantly inhibited the increased number of multinucleated TRAP‐positive cells in osteoclasts cultured with RANKL in a concentration‐dependent manner without affecting cell survival.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThe natural polyamines spermidine and spermine prevented OVX‐induced bone loss through the disruption of differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts, rather than affecting osteoblasts. The supplementation with these natural polyamines could be beneficial for the prophylaxis as well as therapy of metabolic bone diseases such as post‐menopausal osteoporosis.
Revisiting cardiovascular regeneration with bone marrow‐derived angiogenic and vasculogenic cells
Authors: Lee Sangho , Yoon Young‐sup 
Published: January 2012

Cell‐based therapy has emerged as a promising therapy for cardiovascular disease. Particularly, bone marrow (BM)‐derived cells have been most extensively investigated and have shown encouraging results in preclinical studies. Clinical trials, however, have demonstrated split results in post‐myocardial infarction cardiac repair. Mechanistically, transdifferentiation of BM‐derived cells into cardiovascular tissue demonstrated by earlier studies is now known to play a minor role in functional recovery, and humoral and paracrine effects turned out to be main mechanisms responsible for tissue regeneration and functional recovery. With this advancement in the mechanistic insight of BM‐derived cells, new efforts have been made to identify cell population, which can be readily isolated and obtained in sufficient quantity without mobilization and have higher therapeutic potential. Recently, haematopoietic CD31+ cells, which are more prevalent in bone marrow and peripheral blood, have been revealed to have angiogenic and vasculogenic activities and strong potential for therapeutic neovascularization in ischaemic tissues. This article will cover the recent advances in BM‐derived cell‐based therapy and implication of CD31+ cells.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Regenerative Medicine and Pharmacology: A Look to the Future. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue‐2
Resveratrol dimers are novel sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitors and affect sphingosine kinase 1 expression and cancer cell growth and survival
Authors: Lim Keng Gat , Gray Alexander I , Pyne Susan , Pyne Nigel J 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSESphingosine kinase 1 catalyses formation of the bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1‐phosphate, which protects cancer cells from apoptosis. Therefore, sphingosine kinase 1 is a novel target for intervention with anti‐cancer agents. We have assessed the effect of the anti‐cancer agent, resveratrol and its dimers (ampelopsin A and balanocarpol) on sphingosine kinase 1 activity and on survival of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHAmpelopsin A and balanocarpol were purified from Hopea dryobalanoides and their effect on sphingosine kinase 1 activity and expression, [3H] thymidine incorporation, ERK‐1/2 phosphorylation and PARP activity assessed in MCF‐7 cells.KEY RESULTSResveratrol, ampelopsin A and balanocarpol were novel inhibitors of sphingosine kinase 1 activity. Balanocarpol was a mixed inhibitor (with sphingosine) of sphingosine kinase 1 with a Kic= 90 ± 10 µM and a Kiu of ∼500 µM. Balanocarpol and ampelopsin A also induced down‐regulation of sphingosine kinase 1 expression and reduced DNA synthesis, while balanocarpol stimulated PARP cleavage in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Resveratrol was a competitive inhibitor (with sphingosine) of sphingosine kinase 1 with a Kic= 160 ± 40 µM, reduced sphingosine kinase 1 expression and induced PARP cleavage in MCF‐7 cells.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSEach molecule of balanocarpol may bind at least two sphingosine kinase 1 catalytic molecules to reduce the activity of each simultaneously. These findings suggest that resveratrol, ampelopsin A and balanocarpol could perturb sphingosine kinase 1‐mediated signalling and this might explain their activity against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells.LINKED ARTICLEThis article is commented on by Hergst and Yun, pp. 1603–1604 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2012.01898.x
FTY720 (fingolimod) increases vascular tone and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats via inhibition of sphingosine kinase
Authors: Spijkers Léon JA , Alewijnse Astrid E , Peters Stephan LM 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE FTY720 (Fingolimod) is a recently approved orally administered drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated that this drug modestly increases BP. We previously showed that inhibition of sphingosine kinase increases vascular tone and BP in hypertensive, but not normotensive rats. Since FTY720 is reported to have inhibitory effects on sphingosine kinase, we investigated whether FTY720 increases vascular tone and BP only in hypertensive rats via this mechanism.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The contractile and BP modulating effects of FTY720 were studied in vivo and ex vivo (wire myography) in age‐matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).KEY RESULTS Oral administration of FTY720 induced an increase in mean arterial pressure in SHR, whereas a decrease in BP was observed in WKY rats, as measured 24 h after administration. Similar to the sphingosine kinase inhibitor dimethylsphingosine (DMS), FTY720 induced large contractions in isolated carotid arteries from SHR, but not in those from WKY. In contrast, the phosphorylated form of FTY720 did not induce contractions in isolated carotid arteries from SHR. FTY720‐induced contractions were inhibited by endothelium denudation, COX and thromboxane synthase inhibitors, and by thromboxane receptor antagonism, indicating that (like DMS‐induced contractions) they were endothelium‐dependent and mediated by thromboxane A2.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data demonstrate that FTY720 increases vascular tone and BP only in hypertensive rats, most likely as a result of its inhibitory effect on sphingosine kinase.
Key role of PI3Kγ in monocyte chemotactic protein‐1‐mediated amplification of PDGF‐induced aortic smooth muscle cell migration
Authors: Fougerat A , Smirnova NF , Gayral S , Malet N , Hirsch E , Wymann MP , Perret B , Martinez LO , Douillon M , Laffargue M 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEVascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration within the arterial wall is a crucial event in atherogenesis and restenosis. Monocyte chemotactic protein‐1/CC‐chemokine receptor 2 (MCP‐1/CCR2) signalling is involved in SMC migration processes but the molecular mechanisms have not been well characterized. We investigated the role of PI3Kγ in SMC migration induced by MCP‐1.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHESA pharmacological PI3Kγ inhibitor, adenovirus encoding inactive forms of PI3Kγ and genetic deletion of PI3Kγ were used to investigate PI3Kγ functions in the MCP‐1 and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling pathway and migration process in primary aortic SMC.KEY RESULTSThe γ isoform of PI3K was shown to be the major signalling molecule mediating PKB phosphorylation in MCP‐1‐stimulated SMC. Using a PI3Kγ inhibitor and an adenovirus encoding a dominant negative form of PI3Kγ, we demonstrated that PI3Kγ is essential for SMC migration triggered by MCP‐1. PDGF receptor stimulation induced MCP‐1 mRNA and protein accumulation in SMCs. Blockade of the MCP‐1/CCR2 pathway or pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ reduced PDGF‐stimulated aortic SMC migration by 50%. Thus PDGF promotes an autocrine loop involving MCP‐1/CCR2 signalling which is required for PDGF‐mediated SMC migration. Furthermore, SMCs isolated from PI3Kγ‐deficient mice (PI3Kγ−/−), or mice expressing an inactive PI3Kγ (PI3KγKD/KD), migrated less than control cells in response to MCP‐1 and PDGF.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSPI3Kγ is essential for MCP‐1‐stimulated aortic SMC migration and amplifies cell migration induced by PDGF by an autocrine/paracrine loop involving MCP‐1 secretion and CCR2 activation. PI3Kγ is a promising target for the treatment of aortic fibroproliferative pathologies.
The Power of Voice: Managerial Affective States and Future Firm Performance
Authors: MAYEW WILLIAM J. , VENKATACHALAM MOHAN 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTWe measure managerial affective states during earnings conference calls by analyzing conference call audio files using vocal emotion analysis software. We hypothesize and find that, when managers are scrutinized by analysts during conference calls, positive and negative affects displayed by managers are informative about the firm's financial future. Analysts do not incorporate this information when forecasting near‐term earnings. When making stock recommendation changes, however, analysts incorporate positive but not negative affect. This study presents new evidence that managerial vocal cues contain useful information about a firm's fundamentals, incremental to both quantitative earnings information and qualitative “soft” information conveyed by linguistic content.
The Credit Ratings Game
Authors: BOLTON PATRICK , FREIXAS XAVIER , SHAPIRO JOEL 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe collapse of AAA‐rated structured finance products in 2007 to 2008 has brought renewed attention to conflicts of interest in credit rating agencies (CRAs). We model competition among CRAs with three sources of conflicts: (1) CRAs conflict of understating risk to attract business, (2) issuers' ability to purchase only the most favorable ratings, and (3) the trusting nature of some investor clienteles. These conflicts create two distortions. First, competition can reduce efficiency, as it facilitates ratings shopping. Second, ratings are more likely to be inflated during booms and when investors are more trusting. We also discuss efficiency‐enhancing regulatory interventions.
Why Does the Law Matter? Investor Protection and Its Effects on Investment, Finance, and Growth
Authors: MCLEAN R. DAVID , ZHANG TIANYU , ZHAO MENGXIN 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTInvestor protection is associated with greater investment sensitivity to q and lower investment sensitivity to cash flow. Finance plays a role in causing these effects; in countries with strong investor protection, external finance increases more strongly with q, and declines more strongly with cash flow. We further find that q and cash flow sensitivities are associated with ex post investment efficiency; investment predicts growth and profits more strongly in countries with greater q sensitivities and lower cash flow sensitivities. The paper's findings are broadly consistent with investor protection promoting accurate share prices, reducing financial constraints, and encouraging efficient investment.
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Embedded Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics
Authors: Ansar Ereath Beeran , Ajeesh Manmadhan , Yokogawa Yoshiyuki , Wunderlich Wilfried , Varma Harikrishna 
Published: January 2012

A homogeneous dispersion of nano iron oxide (IO) crystallites inside the hydroxyapatite (HA) particles was achieved by a co‐precipitation method. This highly stable colloidal dispersion of magnetic nano composite (HAIO) was made without the use of any surfactants. The in situ generated dispersion of the composite powders showed submicron HA particles with ~5 nm iron oxide inside. The phase analysis results showed the presence of hydroxyapatite (HA) and iron oxide with no tertiary phase. The enhancement of relative peak intensities with increased percentage of iron oxide phase in X‐ray diffraction analysis suggests the formation of iron oxide together with HA without affecting the phase purity of the latter, which is important when the biological behavior of HA is concerned. This also confirms the quantitative nature of the precipitated nanocomposites. The High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) of the composite shows elongated crystal flakes or platelike surfaces of HA crystallites having particle sizes in the range 70–100 nm. HRTEM with XRD analysis matches HAIO only with iron oxide particles of Magnetite (Fe3O4) and HA phases. The FTIR data confirm that the introduction of iron oxide did not produce any considerable change in the chemical structure of HA.
A Study of the Microstructure and Vickers Indentation Fracture Toughness of Silicon Carbide Coatings on TRISO Fuel Particles
Authors: Zhang Huixing , López‐Honorato Eddie , Javed Athar , Shapiro Ian , Xiao Ping 
Published: January 2012

In this study, the microstructure and Vickers indentation fracture toughness (VIF fracture toughness) of three different types of silicon carbide (SiC) coatings (stoichiometric SiC, SiC with excess silicon and SiC with excess carbon) were investigated. SiC coatings were produced on tri‐isotropic fuel particles by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD). The microstructure was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction, while a transmission electron microscope was used for the analysis of defects and micro‐cracks. The VIF fracture toughness was measured using Vickers indentation. The fracture beneath the indenter consists of Palmqvist cracks as observed using SEM. Based on this crack mode, VIF fracture toughness values of 3.51, 4.03, and 4.93 MPa·m1/2 for stoichiometric, extra‐C and extra‐Si SiC coatings were obtained, respectively. It was found that stress‐induced micro‐cracks seem to be a mechanism for the fracture behavior, which gave SiC coatings with high VIF fracture toughness. The difference in the VIF fracture toughness of FBCVD SiC coatings is discussed in terms of defects and grain morphology.
Magnetic resonance enterography guiding treatment in children with Crohn’s jejunoileitis
Authors: Piekkala M , Kalajoki‐Helmiö T , Martelius L , Pakarinen M , Rintala R , Kolho K‐L 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim:  To determine the usefulness of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in treatment for paediatric patients with Crohn’s disease.Methods:  To evaluate small bowel involvement, 45 children with Crohn’s disease were scheduled for MRE. Two radiologists blinded to the patient data independently re‐evaluated the images. Findings in images were compared to macroscopic findings at surgery or endoscopy.Results:  The terminal ileum was visualized in all with a completed procedure (43/45). The treatment remained conservative in 74% after imaging. In all 13 patients who underwent ileocolonoscopy within 3 months of MRE, the MRE findings were comparable with the macroscopic findings or revealed a more extensive disease. Bowel resection was performed in 26% after imaging. The macroscopic findings in the bowel corresponded to the MRE findings in 73%. In three MRE suggested a more severe disease than was verified intraoperatively.Conclusions:  Magnetic resonance enterography identifies disease involvement in the small bowel in young patients with Crohn’s disease and may guide decisions on the need for intestinal surgery or adjustment of medication.
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitute Leads to Sufficient Bone Tissue Formation Already after 3 Months: Histological and Histomorphometrical Analysis 3 and 6 Months following Human Sinus Cavity Augmentation
Authors: Ghanaati Shahram , Barbeck Mike , Willershausen Ines , Thimm Benjamin , Stuebinger Stefan , Korzinskas Tadas , Obreja Karina , Landes Constantin , Kirkpatrick Charles J. , Sader Robert A. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: In this study the de novo bone formation capacity of a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone substitute was assessed 3 and 6 months after its insertion into the human sinus cavity.Materials and Methods: Sinus cavity augmentation was performed in a total of 14 patients (n = 7 implantation after 3 months; n = 7 implantation after 6 months) with severely atrophic maxillary bone. The specimens obtained after 3 and 6 months were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically with special focus on bone metabolism within the residual bone and the augmented region.Results: This study revealed that bone tissue formation started from the bone‐biomaterial‐interface and was directed into the most cranial parts of the augmented region. There was no statistically significant difference in new bone formation after 3 and 6 months (24.89 ± 10.22% vs 31.29 ± 2.29%), respectively.Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study and according to previously published data, implant insertion in regions augmented with this bone substitute material could be considered already after 3 months. Further clinical studies with bone substitute materials are necessary to validate these findings.
Clinical, Aesthetic, and Patient‐Related Outcome of Immediately Loaded Single Implants in the Anterior Maxilla: A Prospective Study in Extraction Sockets, Healed Ridges, and Grafted Sites
Authors: Raes Filiep , Cosyn Jan , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: The objective of this prospective clinical study was to document the overall treatment outcome of immediately loaded single Astra Tech Osseospeed™ (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden) implants placed in extraction sockets, healed ridges, and grafted sites.Materials and Methods: Forty‐eight patients in need of a single implant in the anterior maxilla (15–25) were recruited. Patients were allocated to a conventional implant treatment (CIT) or immediate implant treatment (IIT) group on the basis of specific criteria. If the buccal bone plate was damaged or missing upon tooth removal, patients were allocated to a grafted implant treatment (GIT) group. Irrespective of the treatment concept, implants were immediately provisionalized. Hard and soft tissue alterations, aesthetic parameters (pink and white esthetic scores, [PES and WES]) and patient's opinion (Oral Health Impact Profile [OHIP‐14] questionnaires) were registered at different time points.Results: After 1 year of function, the overall implant survival rate was 98% with one failure following IIT. The mean bone level to the implant‐abutment interface was 0.65 (SD 0.79), 0.85 (SD 0.64), and 0.56 mm (SD 0.44) for CIT, IIT, and GIT. Complete papilla loss was rare following either strategy. Mean midfacial recession amounted to 1.00 (SD 1.15), 0.12 (SD 0.78), and 0.49 mm (SD 0.82) for CIT, IIT, and GIT, respectively. The aesthetic outcome showed a mean PES of 10.30 (SD 1.89) and mean WES of 7.11 (SD 2.14), all patients considered. Patient's satisfaction showed a significant improvement after 1 year of function on all seven domains (p < .001).Conclusions: This prospective study showed that single implants clinically and aesthetically perform well under immediate non‐occlusal loading conditions in the premaxilla. In this context, it is of pivotal importance to stress that patients were carefully selected for IIT and GIT.
Kinetics of hydrolysis and mutational analysis of N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide hydrolase from Pseudomonas putida DTB
Authors: Rivera‐Cancel Giomar , Sanders Jennie M. , Hay Anthony G. 
Published: January 2012

The initial step in the biodegradation pathway of N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide (DEET) in Pseudomonas putida strain DTB is catalyzed by DEET hydrolase (DthA), which hydrolyzes the amide bond to yield 3‐methylbenzoic acid and diethylamine. In order to extend our understanding of DthA, the enzyme was purified and characterized. The enzyme is most active at pH 7.9, and is probably a tetramer in its native state. The kinetic parameters of the wild‐type enzyme are Km = 10.2 ± 0.8 μm, kcat = 5.53 ± 0.09 s−1, and kcat/Km = (5.4 ± 0.4) × 105 m−1·s−1. Mild substrate inhibition was observed with DEET concentrations over 500 μm. A homology model of DthA was used to guide mutational analysis of the active site, confirming that the catalytic triad is formed by Ser166, Ap292, and His320. The oxyanion hole is formed by the side chain OH of Tyr84 and the backbone amide of Trp167, with the Tyr84 OH being essential for enzyme activity. The DthA model also revealed a hydrophobic substrate‐binding pocket comprosed of Trp167, Met170, and Trp214. W167A and M170A mutations decreased enzymatic activity and exacerbated substrate inhibition, whereas Trp214, which probably plays a role in substrate recognition, was essential for enzymatic activity. The pH rate profile of DthA was fitted to two ionizable groups (pKa1 = 6.1 and pKa2 = 9.9) that probably correspond to Nε of His320 and the OH of Tyr84, respectively. In addition to catalyzing the hydrolysis of DEET, DthA hydrolyzed a variety of esters and amides.Database
Model data are available in the PMDB database under the accession number PM0077728.Structured digital abstract
DthA and DthA bind by molecular sieving (View interaction)