bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appraisals, psychotic symptoms and affect in daily life
Authors: Peters E. , Lataster T. , Greenwood K. , Kuipers E. , Scott J. , Williams S. , Garety P. , Myin-Germeys I. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundPsychological models of psychosis were examined using Experience Sampling Methods (ESM) to explore relationships between dimensions and appraisals of key symptoms and affect.MethodIndividuals were signalled to complete ESM booklets 10 times per day for six consecutive days; 534 data points were obtained from 12 out-patients with psychosis.ResultsAlthough only 3.6% of spontaneous thoughts were psychosis related, these predicted more negative and less positive affect. Delusions and hallucinations, when present, were rated at a moderate level of intensity, and intensity was associated with distress, interference and preoccupation. Symptom dimensions were related to each other, with weaker associations with delusional conviction, which, it is hypothesized, may represent a separate factor. Conviction and appraisals relating to insight and decentring (‘my problems are something to do with the way my mind works’) were highly variable. Decentring appraisals of delusions, but not insight, were associated with less distress. Appraisals about the power of voices were strong predictors of negative affect and symptom distress.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that ESM is a useful methodology to capture ‘online’ variability in psychotic phenomenology and provides evidence supporting cognitive models, which posit that psychotic symptoms are multi-dimensional phenomena, shaped by appraisals that, in turn, predict their emotional and behavioural sequelae.
Significant association between thyroid hormones and erythrocyte indices in euthyroid subjects
Authors: Bremner Alexandra P. , Feddema Peter , Joske David J. , Leedman Peter J. , O’Leary Peter C. , Olynyk John K. , Walsh John P. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjective  Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are each associated with anaemia, but relationships between thyroid function and erythrocyte indices in euthyroid subjects have not been examined. The aim of this study was to examine these relationships in a community‐based cohort.Design, subjects and measurements  Linear regression models with free T4, free T3 and TSH as predictors of erythrocyte indices and serum iron parameters were fitted to data from a cohort of 1179 participants in the 1994 Busselton health study and a subset of 1011 euthyroid participants. All models were adjusted for age, age2, sex and an age–sex interaction.Results  In the full cohort and euthyroid subset, there were significant, positive linear relationships between free T4 and each of haemoglobin, haematocrit and erythrocyte count (P < 0·01 for each), such that in euthyroid participants, each 1·0 pm increase in free T4 was associated with an increase in haemoglobin of 0·39 g/l. There were significant relationships between free T3 and each of haemoglobin, haematocrit and erythrocyte count (P < 0·001 for each), with the best model fits obtained using free T32, indicating curved relationships. TSH had a significant (P < 0·05) inverse relationship with serum iron and transferrin saturation in the full cohort and the euthyroid subset. Serum iron concentrations were lower in participants with subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 87) than euthyroid subjects [mean (SD) 15·9 (4·7) vs 18·4 (6·0) μm, P = 0·001].Conclusion  In euthyroid subjects, small differences in thyroid function are associated with significant differences in erythrocyte indices.
Comparison of ultrasonic irrigation and RinsEndo for the removal of calcium hydroxide and Ledermix paste from root canals
Authors: Rödig Tina , Hirschleb Manja , Zapf Antonia , Hülsmann Michael 
Published: September 2011

Rödig T, Hirschleb M, Zapf A, Hülsmann M. Comparison of ultrasonic irrigation and RinsEndo for the removal of calcium hydroxide and Ledermix paste from root canals. International Endodontic Journal, 44, 1155–1161, 2011.AbstractAim  To compare the efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation and RinsEndo in removing calcium hydroxide and Ledermix paste from simulated root canal irregularities.Methodology  The root canals of sixty extracted single‐rooted teeth were prepared using FlexMaster rotary instruments to size 60, 0.02 taper. The roots were split longitudinally, and a standardized groove was prepared in the apical part of one segment. The teeth were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 30), according to the intracanal dressing. In the first group, grooves were filled with calcium hydroxide paste (Calxyl), whereas the grooves in the second group were filled with Ledermix paste. After reassembly, the root canals were completely filled with the respective medicament using a lentulo. The removal of medicament dressing was performed after 7 days with either passive ultrasonic irrigation or RinsEndo and 1% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min. The amount of remaining medicament was evaluated under a microscope with 30 × magnification using a four‐grade scoring system. A regression analysis with P ≤ 0.05 was performed.Results  Ledermix paste removal was significantly more effective than the removal of calcium hydroxide (P < 0.0001), whereas irrigation technique was not a significant factor (P = 0.3712). The percentages of complete removal of calcium hydroxide and Ledermix paste were 11.7% and 51.7%, respectively.Conclusions  None of the irrigation techniques was able to completely remove the intracanal medicaments from the apical part of the root canal. Irrespective of the irrigation technique, significantly less Ledermix paste was detected compared with calcium hydroxide.
Interplay between Friends' Aggression and Friendship Quality in the Development of Child Aggression during the Early School Years
Authors: Salvas Marie‐Claude , Vitaro Frank , Brendgen Mara , Lacourse Éric , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the unique and combined role of friendship quality and friends' aggression in regard to the persistence of young children's physical aggression from kindergarten to grade 2. The sample included 1555 children (808 girls) assessed annually using teacher ratings. Two theoretical perspectives (i.e., the social learning and the social bonding perspectives) served as frameworks to guide the analyses and interpret the results. In line with the social learning perspective, friends' aggression was related to a significant increase in children's physical aggression. However, in line with the social bonding perspective, good friendship quality played both a compensatory and a protective role, by, respectively, reducing children's initial level of physical aggression and by mitigating, albeit marginally, the associations between friends' and children's physical aggression. These results suggest that fostering a positive relationship between friends in the early school years may decrease physical aggression even if the friends are aggressive.
The Soft Tyranny of Inflation Expectations
Authors: Posen Adam 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe degree of anchoring of inflation expectations is a key determinant of outcomes in all modern macroeconomic models, inspired by the experience of the 1970s. For monetary policy‐making today, however, the sensitivity and relevance of measured inflation expectations is more questionable. The British economy, beset by a series of significant shocks in 2008–11, while operating an inflation targeting regime, provides a case with which to explore these issues. Five conclusions emerge given current monetary and economic structures: reliable forecasts for domestically generated inflation can be made taking inflation expectations as anchored; movements in measured short‐term inflation expectations are uninformative for forecasts; financial markets can distinguish between increased economic uncertainty and uncertainty about monetary credibility; real wages do not automatically respond to rises in household inflation expectations; monetary policy should be set in accord with the best medium‐term forecast for inflation without adjustment for inflation expectations in and of themselves.
Intravascular Ultrasound‐Guided Thrombus Retrieval with a Multipurpose‐Angled Catheter During Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Kan Peter , Binning Mandy J. , Siddiqui Adnan H. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIntravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has provided invaluable real‐time information during carotid artery stenting (CAS). We present a case of IVUS‐guided thrombus extraction during CAS. A 46‐year‐old man underwent an urgent right CAS under proximal flow reversal for embolic protection for a hemodynamically significant symptomatic near‐occlusion of the internal carotid artery. IVUS was used to evaluate immediate poststenting results and identify potential thromboembolic material extruding through the tines of the stent. An intraluminal thrombus was identified with IVUS after the stent was deployed. This led to the use of a second stent in an attempt to trap the thrombus. Ultimately, the thrombus was removed with the use of a multipurpose‐angled catheter under IVUS guidance. The artery reconstituted almost completely after stent placement, and the patient's condition improved significantly. IVUS identification of intraluminal thrombus allowed additional maneuvers to be performed to prevent distal embolization and postprocedure stroke.
Unilateral Contrast Neurotoxicity as a Stroke Mimic After Cerebral Angiogram
Authors: Haussen Diogo C. , Modir Royya , Yavagal Dileep R. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTContrast neurotoxicity (CN) following exposure to iodinated contrast is uncommon, and usually presents as cortical blindness due to bilateral occipital lobe involvement. Unilateral cortical dysfunction due to CN could mimic an acute stroke and has been rarely described. We report the case of an 89‐year‐old female who developed a transient dense/complete left homonymous‐hemianopsia and left‐sided tactile extinction after undergoing a right internal carotid (ICA) artery rotational angiogram with a standard high‐volume iodinated contrast injection for 3D visualization a 6×4‐mm right posterior communicating artery aneurysm with a fetal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) incorporated in the neck. This was associated with transient fullness and loss of gray‐white matter differentiation in the right occipital and parietal lobes. The potential mechanism of CN in our case was the injection of a high volume of contrast in the ICA for the rotational angiogram. The presence of a right fetal PCA possibly allowed the contrast to reach the right occipital lobe. CN manifesting as an acute focal neurologic syndrome should be considered in the setting of recent iodinated contrast exposure.
A clinicopathological study on verrucous hyperplasia and verrucous carcinoma of the oral mucosa
Authors: Zhu Lai‐Kuan , Ding Ye‐Wei , Liu Wei , Zhou Yong‐Mei , Shi Lin‐Jun , Zhou Zeng‐Tong 
Published: September 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 131–135Background:  Oral verrucous hyperplasia (VH) and verrucous carcinoma (VC) are two clinicopathologically distinctive oral verrucous lesions. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of the two verrucous lesions and estimate their relationship from China.Methods:  Retrospective review of two series of patients with histologically confirmed VH (n = 121) and VC (n = 56) between 1996 and 2009 in our hospital were conducted.Results:  The average age of VH was 58.5 years (ratio male:female = 1.37) with the tongue being the predominant site. The average age of VC was 64.3 years (ratio male:female = 1.15) with the lower lip being the predominant site. Multivariate analysis revealed that the elderly patient with verrucous lesion (≥60 years) was associated with 3.06‐fold (P = 0.007) increased carcinoma risk compared with the non‐elderly patient. The lesion located on lower lip was associated with 13.54‐fold (P < 0.001) increased carcinoma risk compared with other sites.Conclusion:  Clinicopathological features of VH and VC in China were elucidated. Elderly patient with oral verrucous lesion located on the lower lip correlates with higher risk of carcinoma.
Effects of bisphenol A administration to pregnant mice on serum Ca and intestinal Ca absorption
Authors: OTSUKA Hinako , SUGIMOTO Miki , IKEDA Shuntaro , KUME Shinichi 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBisphenol A (BPA) is a xenoestrogen commonly used in food storage plastics. The present study was conducted to clarify the effects of BPA administration to pregnant mice on serum calcium (Ca) and Ca metabolism of the gut and kidney. From 6.5 to 16.5 days post coitus (dpc), pregnant mice were administered at 2 mg or 20 mg/kg body weight/day of BPA. Serum Ca was decreased in mice treated with 20 mg BPA at 17.5 dpc, but no remarkable differences were detected in the alkaline phosphatase activity and vitamin D receptor protein expression in the duodenum and jejunum. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of calcium binding protein (CaBP‐9k) and active vitamin D synthesis enzyme (CYP27B1) in the kidney were increased in mice treated with 20 mg BPA. The mRNA expressions of occludin and junction adherence molecular A (JAM‐A) in the duodenum and ileum, which regulate paracellular transport, were increased in mice treated with 20 mg BPA. However, the administration of 2 mg BPA had no effect on serum Ca and mRNA expressions of relative genes in Ca metabolism. These results imply that BPA administration at 20 mg/kg body weight/day during pregnancy decreases serum Ca in pre‐delivery mice, which may be partly due to decreased paracellular Ca absorption.
Bird diversity and the conservation value of a new Ramsar site: Guangdong Haifeng Wetlands, China
Authors: HU Junhua , JIANG Zhigang , ZHANG Chunlan , XIAO Feng , HU Huijian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWetlands are critical habitats for birds. However, wetlands are being degraded at an accelerating rate due to global human activity, and a disproportionate fraction of wetland‐dependent bird species are in decline. We evaluated the conservation value of a new Ramsar site, Guangdong Haifeng Wetlands, China, for birds, by comparing bird communities (using line transect data) in 3 different districts: Gongping, Dongguan Lian'anwei and Dahu. We recorded 139 species of birds, including 26 species that are protected at a national level. Dahu had the highest species richness and diversity, whereas Dongguan Lian'anwei had the highest abundance of birds and the lowest species diversity. Finally, Gongping had both the lowest species richness and the lowest abundance. The endemism of constituent species differed among districts, and the bird communities were complementary. There were significant seasonal differences in the species richness and the number of individuals. Spring had the highest species richness and diversity. The present study identifies the high conservation value of Haifeng Wetlands for both waterbirds and terrestrial birds. Our findings suggest that conservation efforts in Haifeng Wetlands and other wetlands should focus not only on wintering migratory birds, but also on resident birds. To accomplish effective conservation, we should consider the reserve and surrounding wetlands as a whole, incorporating ecological research, education and local economic development.
Synthesis of Mg‐Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles under Different Conditions and its Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Behnajady Mohammad A. , Alizade Bahare , Modirshahla Nasser 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this study, TiO2‐ and Mg‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles with different dopant contents were prepared by sol‐gel method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The results of BET analysis indicated a pore diameter of 8 nm and surface area of 48.5 m2 g−1. XRD patterns of pure and doped TiO2 nanoparticles at 450°C revealed that all phases are anatase. The particle size obtained from TEM was less than 20 nm. The band gap energy of Mg‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles was lower than that of TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of the pure and doped nanoparticles has been compared in the removal of C.I. Acid Red 27 (AR27). The photocatalytic activity of Mg‐doped (0.2 mol%) TiO2 for the degradation of AR27 was higher than that of bare TiO2 nanoparticles. Results of total organic carbon analysis and changes in the AR27 UV–Vis peaks indicated 99% mineralization and extinguishing of all peaks in UV and visible regions is possible with Mg‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Removal efficiency of AR27 was sensitive to the parameters such as catalyst dose, pollutant concentration and light intensity.
Identification of DLG5 and SLC22A5 gene polymorphisms in Malaysian patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: CHUA Kek Heng , LIAN Lay Hoong , KEE Boon Pin , THUM Chooi Mei , LEE Way Seah , HILMI Ida , GOH Khean Lee 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to investigate the association of DLG5 and SLC22A5 gene polymorphisms with the onset of Crohn's disease (CD) in a Malaysian cohort.METHODS:  Genomic DNA of 80 CD patients and 100 healthy unrelated control individuals was extracted and analyzed via polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) on DLG5 (4136 C/A), DLG5_e26 and SLC22A5 (‐207 G/C) genetic polymorphisms. Data obtained from the study were then subjected to statistical analysis to test for risk association.RESULTS:  Significant associations of both DLG5 polymorphisms with the development of CD in the Malaysian patients were observed in this study. The homozygous C genotype of the DLG5 polymorphism was significantly related to CD patients (P = 0.0023, OR = 2.5320), while the homozygous A was significant in control individuals (P = 0.0224, OR = 0.4480). In DLG5_e26 polymorphisms, we found a significant distribution of the homozygous insA genotype in CD patients (P = 0.0006, OR = 2.8916), whereas the heterozygous insA/delA genotype was significant in controls (P = 0.0007, OR = 0.3487). We hypothesized that there might be a complex interaction of both alleles, which confered a protective effect against the onset of CD. However, we did not observe any significant correlation of SLC22A5 polymorphisms with this disease.CONCLUSIONS:  In our study, both polymorphisms in the DLG5 gene were found to be associated with CD patients in Malaysia. Therefore, these loci can be potentially used as susceptibility markers in the Malaysian population.
Bacteriophage recombineering in the lytic state using the lambda red recombinases
Authors: Fehér Tamás , Karcagi Ildikó , Blattner Frederick R. , Pósfai György 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBacteriophages, the historic model organisms facilitating the initiation of molecular biology, are still important candidates of numerous useful or promising biotechnological applications. Development of generally applicable, simple and rapid techniques for their genetic engineering is therefore a validated goal. In this article, we report the use of bacteriophage recombineering with electroporated DNA (BRED), for the first time in a coliphage. With the help of BRED, we removed a copy of mobile element IS1, shown to be active, from the genome of P1vir, a coliphage frequently used in genome engineering procedures. The engineered, IS‐free coliphage, P1virdeltaIS, displayed normal plaque morphology, phage titre, burst size and capacity for generalized transduction. When performing head‐to‐head competition experiments, P1vir could not outperform P1virdeltaIS, further indicating that the specific copy of IS1 plays no direct role in lytic replication. Overall, P1virdeltaIS provides a genome engineering vehicle free of IS contamination, and BRED is likely to serve as a generally applicable tool for engineering bacteriophage genomes in a wide range of taxa.
Is the brain water channel aquaporin‐4 a pathogenetic factor in idiopathic intracranial hypertension? Results from a combined clinical and genetic study in a Norwegian cohort
Authors: Kerty Emilia , Heuser Kjell , Indahl Ulf G. , Berg Paul R. , Nakken Sigve , Lien Sigbjørn , Omholt Stig W. , Ottersen Ole P. , Nagelhus Erlend A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of increased intracranial pressure of unknown aetiology. Patients with IIH usually suffer from headache and visual disturbances. High intracranial pressure despite normal ventricle size and negative MRI indicate perturbed water flux across cellular membranes, which is provided by the brain water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4). IIH could be associated with malfunctioning intracerebral water homeostasis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reabsorption based on functional or regulatory alterations of AQP4.Methods:  Clinical data, blood and CSF samples were collected from 28 patients with IIH. Clinical characteristics were assessed, and a genetic association study was performed by sequencing the AQP4 gene on chromosome 18. Genetic data were compared with 52 healthy controls and matched by age, sex and ethnicity. Chi‐square test and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used in the search of a genotype–phenotype association.Results:  While the majority of patients responded to medical treatment, four required shunt application. All, except one, had a good visual outcome. The 24 AQP4 gene SNPs showed no association with IIH. Full cross‐validation of the LDA modelling resulted in only 55.1% correct classification of the cases and controls, with a corresponding estimated p‐value 0.37.Conclusions:  Our genetic case–control study did not indicate an association between AQP4 gene variants and IIH. However, the theory of an etiopathogenic link between IIH and AQP4 is tempting, and discussed in this article. Association studies with large sample size are difficult to perform owing is the rarity of the condition.
Radiographic Heart Size and Its Rate of Increase as Tests for Onset of Congestive Heart Failure in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Lord P.F. , Hansson K. , Carnabuci C. , Kvart C. , Häggström J 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundIn canine mitral regurgitation (MR) the rate of heart enlargement increases in the last year before congestive heart failure (CHF). Measurement of heart size and its rate of increase may be useful tests forCHFinMR.ObjectivesTo determine the value of vertebral heart scale (VHS) and its rate of increase (∆VHSunits/month) for diagnosing the presence and predicting the onset ofCHF.AnimalsLongitudinal study of 94 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS).MethodsVHSwas measured at intervals beforeCHF. ∆VHS/month was calculated from sequential pairs ofVHSmeasurements and the interval between them. Diagnostic accuracy and utility were determined by the areas under receiver operating characteristic plots (AUROC), and likelihood ratios (LR).ResultsAUROCforVHSat the onset ofCHFwas 0.93 (95%CI, 0.96–0.90), to predictCHF1–12 months beforeCHFwas 0.74 (95%CI, 0.81–0.66), and for ∆VHS/month atCHFwas 0.98 (95%CI, 0.99–0.96). IntervalLRs and their cutoff values forCHFwere forVHS: 13 (95%CI, 20–7.3) at ≥12.7; 1.2 (95%CI, 2.0–0.68) between 12.7 and 12.0; 0.04 (95%CI, 0.18–0.01) at ≤12.0, and for ∆VHS/month: 15 (95%CI, 30–7.7) at ≥0.08; 0.72 (95%CI, 2.0–0.25) between 0.08 and 0.06; and 0.05 (95%CI, 0.13–0.02) at ≤0.06.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUnder the conditions of this study,VHSand particularly ∆VHS/month are useful measurements for detecting onset ofCHFinCKCSwithMR.