bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tranexamic Acid Tablets
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: May 2010

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing inservices. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The May 2010 monograph topics are on aztreonam lysine inhalation solution, velaglucerase alfa for injection, hydromorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets, meningococcal (groups A, C, Y, and W-135) oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM197 conjugate vaccine, and ceftaroline fosamil. The DUE is on aztreonam lysine inhalation solution.
The effects of phonological awareness of Zulu‐speaking children learning to spell in English: A study of cross‐language transfer
Authors: de Sousa Diana Soares , Greenop Kirston , Fry Jessica 
Published: May 2010

Background. Emergent bilingual Zulu–English speaking children in South Africa have spoken but no written proficiency in Zulu (L1), yet are required to learn to spell English (L2) via English‐only literacy instruction. Little research exists on emergent bilingual's phonological awareness (PA) and spelling development, with no L1 formal literacy instruction. Thus, whether PA in a L1 impacts on literacy acquisition in the L2 remains unclear.Aims. Performance on monolingual PA, monolingual and emergent bilingual spelling was compared. In addition, PA and spelling in emergent bilingual Zulu–English speakers was explored to ascertain cross‐language transfer relationships.Sample. Thirty emergent bilingual Zulu–English and thirty monolingual English children in grade 2 participated.Method. Emergent bilinguals were assessed on Zulu PA, Zulu and English spelling skills. Monolinguals were assessed on English PA and English spelling skills.Results. Emergent bilinguals had more Zulu PA levels related to spelling English tasks than to spelling Zulu tasks, and both Zulu PA and Zulu spelling were positively related to English spelling tasks. Significant differences were found between L1 Zulu and English phoneme and rime PA levels, and L1 English and L2 English spelling tasks.Conclusions. Findings support the language‐universal hypothesis that L1 PA is related to spelling across languages in emergent bilinguals. In emergent bilinguals, both Zulu spoken proficiency and English‐only literacy instruction influences the underlying repertoire of PA skills used to spell within the L1 and the L2. Rime and phoneme PA and spelling skills in Zulu/English rely on language‐specific orthographic knowledge.
Investigation into activation of dysfunctional schemas in euthymic bipolar disorder following positive mood induction
Authors: Lomax Claire L. , Lam Dominic 
Published: May 2010

Objectives. There are dysfunctional cognitions that may be characteristic of bipolar disorder (BD), and which may be mood‐state dependent. However, it has been found that such cognitions may be resilient to minor positive mood increase. The aim of this study is to investigate whether positive mood‐induction procedure has the effect of altering the availability of dysfunctional schemas in a group of individuals with BD. Design. The sentence completion task was designed to assess the content of dysfunctional schemas: it was modified for use with positive mood‐induction procedure in the current study so that more dysfunctional schematic models would lead to completion of sentence stems by negative constructs, whereas functional schematic models led to completion of sentence stems by positive constructs. Methods. Using the modified sentence completion task, 30 participants with remitted bipolar I disorder were compared with 30 individuals with no history of affective disorder. Results. At baseline the bipolar group inserted significantly more dysfunctional completions than the control group. Following mood induction, the number of dysfunctional completions was reduced for both groups. The bipolar group still inserted significantly more dysfunctional completions relating to autonomy than the control group following mood induction. However, no significant group by time interactions were identified. Conclusions. As predicted, participants' reports of dysfunctional attitudes reduced following the mood‐induction procedure, although no difference was identified between the groups in terms of the size of this reduction. The bipolar group continued to insert significantly more dysfunctional completions for the factor of autonomy, suggesting that this group has more access to autonomy schemas, regardless of change in mood. This finding may have implications in terms of focus of therapy and relapse prevention work.
Patient safety and sources of error in point-of-care testing / Patientensicherheit und Fehlerquellen in patientennaher Labordiagnostik
Authors: Meier Frederick A. , Jones Bruce 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Patient safety is the project of reducing medical errors by creating and enforcing standards of practice, tracking and publishing errors to guide countermeasures, improving information transfer, and fostering increased accountability among healthcare providers. Errors in point-of-care testing (POCT) can be practical, cognitive, or axiological (the latter are errors of judgment). Countermeasures to errors in POCT have been organized into a laboratory ethos of test operator training and competence demonstration, explicit written procedures, routine quality control, recorded, verified, and retrievable patient results, and external proficiency testing. Three characteristics of POCT can defeat these countermeasures: technical limitations of POCT methods, the rapid availability of their results, and the tendency of these results to change patient care immediately. In the United States, government regulations of POCT have not been a success, but government mandated accreditation programs have been more effective. Laboratorians who monitor of POCT – called in the United States point-of-care test coordinators – have been essential to reporting and tracking POCT errors. They have exploited electronic information transfer to do so and to increase accountability for POCT among clinician test operators. Although a modified version of Gerald Kost's taxonomy of sources of errors offers a systematic approach to POCT error classification, major preventable adverse events (called “sentinel events” in the United States) tend to drive POCT patient safety. This circumstance has stressed the importance of clinical contexts. Tight glycemic control using POCT whole blood glucose is the example with which we illustrate the challenges to patient safety, from the technical limitations, rapid result availability, and impact on therapy, characteristic of POCT.
Immunsuppressiva-Medikamentenspiegelmessung – reine Routine? / Immunosuppressant drug monitoring: a routine undertaking?
Authors: Seger Christoph , Vogeser Michael 
Published: May 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Erfassung von Immunsuppressivaspiegel ist eine der anspruchsvollsten Medikamentenspiegelmessungen in der klinischen Routine. Die vergangenen Jahre haben eine Reihe von technologischen Fortschritten gebracht. Neben neuen immunologischen Analysesystemen hat sich die LC-MS/MS zu einem fixen Bestandteil des Geschehens entwickelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll helfen, Vor- und Nachteile der unterschiedlichen Assayformate zu erkennen. UKNEQAS-Ringversuchsergebnisse werden zur vergleichenden Assay-beurteilung herangezogen.
Nachevaluierung des Referenzbereiches für Albumin im Serum/Plasma mit Farbstoffbindungsmethoden (Bromkresolgrün und Bromkresolpurpur) / Update of reference values for albumin in serum/plasma with bromcresol green or bromcresol purple methods
Authors: von Meyer Alexander , Pick Karl-Heinz , Hallbach Jürgen 
Published: May 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der gebräuchliche Referenzbereich für die Farbstoffbindungsmethoden von Albumin nach Tietze (3,5–5,0 g/dL) ist für die mit ERM DA470k restandardisierte Albuminmethode mit Bromkresolgrün (BCG) nicht anwendbar. Die Untersuchung eines Blutspenderkollektivs (120 Proben) zeigte eine wesentliche Verschiebung des Medians und des 95%-Vertrauensbereiches für die neue Methode gegenüber der gegen humanes Serumalbumin standardisierten Albumin BCG Methode. Die Übereinstimmung mit der Albuminmethode mit Bromkresolpurpur (BCP) ist gut. Als Referenzintervall für das restandardisierte BCG-Verfahren sowie für das BCP-Verfahren wird für die Altersgruppe von 20 bis 60 Jahren für gesunde Personen ein Intervall von 3,0 g/dL bis 5,0 g/dL empfohlen.
Water-Pipe Smoking Among North American Youths
Authors: Dugas Erika , Tremblay Michèle , Low Nancy C. P. , Cournoyer Daniel , O'Loughlin Jennifer 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of this analysis were to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of water-pipe users in a North American context and to describe concurrent psychoactive substance use.

METHODS:
Data on sociodemographic characteristics, water-pipe smoking, and use of other psychoactive substances were collected in 2007 through mailed self-report questionnaires completed by 871 young adults, 18 to 24 years of age, who were participating in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study, a longitudinal investigation of the natural history of nicotine dependence among adolescents in Montreal, Canada. Independent sociodemographic correlates of water-pipe use were identified in multivariate logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS:
Previous-year water-pipe use was reported by 23% of participants. Younger age, male gender, speaking English, not living with parents, and higher household income independently increased the odds of water-pipe use. Water-pipe use was markedly higher among participants who had smoked cigarettes, had used other tobacco products, had drunk alcohol, had engaged in binge drinking, had smoked marijuana, or had used other illicit drugs in the previous year.

CONCLUSIONS:
Water-pipe users may represent an advantaged group of young people with the leisure time, resources, and opportunity to use water-pipes. Evidence-based public health and policy interventions are required to equip the public to make informed decisions about water-pipe use.
Smoking Affects Diagnostic Salivary Periodontal Disease Biomarker Levels in Adolescents
Authors: Heikkinen Anna Maria , Sorsa Timo , Pitkäniemi Janne , Tervahartiala Taina , Kari Kirsti , Broms Ulla , Koskenvuo Markku , Meurman Jukka H. 
Published: May 2010

Background: The effects of smoking on periodontal biomarkers in adolescents are unknown. This study investigates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 and polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase levels in saliva together with periodontal health indices accounting for body mass index and smoking in a birth cohort from Finland.Methods: The oral health of boys (n = 258) and girls (n = 243) aged 15 to 16 years was examined clinically. Health habits were assessed by questionnaire. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed by immunofluorometric and peptide assays for MMP‐8 levels and polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase activities, and investigated statistically with the background factors.Results: Median MMP‐8 values of male smokers were 112.03 μg/l compared to 176.89 μg/l of non‐smokers (P = 0.05). For female smokers corresponding values were 170.88 μg/l versus 177.92 μg/l in non‐smokers (not statistically significant). Elastase values in male smokers were 5.88 × 10−3 ΔOD405/h versus 11.0 × 10−3 ΔOD405/h in non‐smokers (P = 0.02), and in female smokers 9.16 × 10−3 ΔOD405/h versus 10.88 × 10−3 ΔOD405/h in non‐smokers (P = 0.72). The effect was strengthened by high pack‐years of smoking (MMP‐8, P = 0.04; elastase, P = 0.01). Both biomarkers increased with gingival bleeding. However, statistically significant associations were observed with bleeding on probing and MMP‐8 (P = 0.04); MMP‐8 was suggestively associated with probing depth (P = 0.09) in non‐smoking boys. In smokers with calculus, MMP‐8 increased after adjusting with body mass index (P = 0.03). No corresponding differences were seen in girls.Conclusions: Smoking significantly decreased both biomarkers studied. Compared to girls, boys seem to have enhanced susceptibility for periodontitis as reflected in salivary MMP‐8 values.
Immunologic and Microbiologic Profiles of Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Subjects
Authors: Rescala Bruno , Rosalem Wilson , Teles Ricardo P. , Fischer Ricardo G. , Haffajee Anne D. , Socransky Sigmund S. , Gustafsson Anders , Figueredo Carlos Marcelo 
Published: May 2010

Background: This study determines the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐8, interferon (IFN)‐γ and elastase activity in inflamed shallow and deep periodontal sites from patients with generalized chronic (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), and to compare them to shallow sites from subjects with gingivitis. A secondary aim analyzes the microbiologic profile of these subjects.Methods: Cross‐sectional clinical data were obtained from 20 GCP, 17 GAgP, and 10 gingivitis subjects. GCF samples were collected with paper strips and the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐8, and IFN‐γ were measured using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Elastase activity was assessed by an enzymatic assay. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Significance of differences among groups for immunologic and microbiologic data was examined using Kruskal‐Wallis adjusting for multiple comparisons.Results: Mean clinical parameters and GCF volumes were higher in patients with GCP and GAgP compared to the gingivitis group. Higher levels of IL‐1β and higher elastase activity were found in deep sites compared to shallow sites in both periodontitis groups (P <0.05). The microbiologic data showed significantly higher levels of the red complex species in patients with GCP and GAgP compared to gingivitis (P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in levels of GCF biomarkers and in levels of subgingival bacterial species between subjects with GCP and GAgP.Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences in the measured immunologic and microbiologic parameters between subjects with GCP and GAgP.
Development of a Novel Model for the Investigation of Implant–Soft Tissue Interface
Authors: Chai Wen Lin , Moharamzadeh Keyvan , Brook Ian Michael , Emanuelsson Lena , Palmquist Anders , van Noort Richard 
Published: May 2010

Background: In dental implant treatment, the long‐term prognosis is dependent on the biologic seal formed by the soft tissue around the implant. The in vitro investigation of the implant–soft tissue interface is usually carried out using a monolayer cell‐culture model that lacks a polarized‐cell phenotype. This study developed a tissue‐engineered three‐dimensional oral mucosal model (3D OMM) to investigate the implant–soft tissue interface.Methods: A 3D OMM was constructed using primary human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts cultured on a skin‐derived scaffold at an air–liquid interface. A titanium implant was inserted into the engineered oral mucosa and further cultured to establish epithelial attachment. The 3D OMM was characterized using basic histology and immunostaining for cytokeratin (CK) 10 and CK13. Histomorphometric analyses of the implant–soft tissue interface were carried out using a light‐microscopy (LM) examination of ground sections and semi‐thin sections as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Immunohistochemistry analyses suggests that the engineered oral mucosa closely resembles the normal oral mucosa. The LM and SEM examinations reveal that the 3D OMM forms an epithelial attachment on the titanium surface.Conclusion: The 3D OMM provided mimicking peri‐implant features as seen in an in vivo model and has the potential to be used as a relevant alternative model to assess implant–soft tissue interactions.
Association of Fibronectin With Hypogalactosylated Immunoglobulin G in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontitis
Authors: Brajović Gavrilo , Stefanović Gordana , Ilić Vesna , Petrović Sonja , Stefanović Neda , Nikolić‐Jakoba Nataša , Milošević‐Jovčić Nadežda 
Published: May 2010

Background: Fibronectin (FN) can bind to immunoglobulins (Ig), influencing both the normal clearance and abnormal deposition of circulating immune complexes. This study focuses on the possible interaction between FN and IgG present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy controls, with the aim to determine whether such interaction may be connected with the glycosylation profile of IgG and, thus, consequentional in accumulation of proinflammatory IgG in periodontal pockets.Methods: The study included 30 patients with initial or advanced periodontitis, and 13 periodontally healthy subjects. GCF IgG was purified and analyzed for the presence of FN and its fragments and for galactose expression.Results: IgG isolated from GCF contained FN, which was bound to the IgG heavy chains. IgG from GCF of advanced periodontitis patients contained high levels of hypogalactosylated IgG, and bound more FN than IgG from GCF of the other two groups, which contained low levels of this glycoform. FN was in a degraded form in GCF from all studied patients, and a fragment of 48‐ to 53‐kDa molecular mass seemed to be the sole one linked to IgG.Conclusions: IgG and the FN fragment of 48 to 53 kDa in GCF of periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy subjects are physically connected. This fragment was linked to the heavy chains of IgG and the reaction seemed to be particularly intensive with IgG from advanced periodontitis, which contained significantly less galactose in its sugar chains.
Personality and Self-Perceptions of Creativity across Domains
Authors: Kaufman James C. , Waterstreet Mary A. , Ailabouni Hanin S. , Whitcomb Hannah J. , Roe Amanda K. , Riggs Matt 
Published: May 2010

The current study evaluated the structure of a revised (shortened) version of the Creativity Domain Questionnaire (CDQ), examined its relationship with five personality factors, and analyzed potential differences in creativity domains based upon gender and occupational status. One hundred eighty-two students and 60 warehouse employees completed the Revised Creativity Domain Questionnaire (CDQ-R) and the Big Five Factor Markers. Consistent with an exploratory factor analysis of pilot data, a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis of these data supported a four-factor structure for the CDQ-R. Correlations between these four creativity domains and the Big Five personality factors generally were consistent with theoretical expectations. Effects for gender also were consistent with theory. Women perceived themselves as more creative in the Arts general domain while men perceived themselves significantly more creative in Math/Science. There were no effects for occupational status. Creativity takes place in diverse contexts, and we cannot expect the personalities of people who create in different domains to be the same, or to differ in the same ways from comparison subjects. (Helson, 1996, p. 303)
First Polish textbooks on mineralogy
Authors: Narębski Wojciech 
Published: May 2010

First Polish textbooks on mineralogyFirst Polish textbooks on mineralogy, published between 1780s-1820s mostly in Vilna, are presented and their contents briefly discussed. Authors of these textbooks, lecturing at the Vilna University, being A. G. Werner's students, played an important role in propagating most recent ideas in mineralogy and related sciences. They were also the authors of pioneer Polish mineralogical nomenclature, which corresponded to the internationally recognised terms.
Mineralogy and petrology of two ordinary chondrites and their correlation with other meteorites
Authors: Owocki Krzysztof , Pilski Andrzej 
Published: May 2010

Mineralogy and petrology of two ordinary chondrites and their correlation with other meteoritesTwo ordinary chondrites are compared and classified using transmitted and reflected light microscopy and electron microprobe analyses. Both meteorites were confiscated by the Polish Customs Service at the border with Belarus. The first meteorite (called in this paper Terespol-1) is a L/LL6 chondrite, its classification being supported by the equilibrated compositions of olivine and orthopyroxene and the presence of large recrystallized feldspars (< 150 μm). The specimen examined experienced weak shock metamorphism (S3) and moderate weathering (although metal in the inner part of the meteorite seems to be unaffected by oxidization). The other meteorite (called in this paper Terespol-2) is a LL6 chondrite which experienced weak shock metamorphism (S3) and is unaffected by weathering. The Terespol-2 meteorite shares its classification with the Dhofar 1401 chondrite but the lack of data prevents further correlation. Both meteorites have been correlated with known findings from the Meteoritical Bulletin database and an attempt is made to identify their place of origin (fall event). Results indicate that Terespol-1 is most closely related to the Dhofar 1316 chondrite and we suggest that both meteorites at least came from the same parent body.
Do constraints rather than freedom provide more opportunities for language learners?
Authors: Rai Vishnu S 
Published: May 2010

The paper reports the findings of a small scale research which tried to find out what happens when students do creative writing. Two tasks, one having more constraints and the other having more freedom were given to the learners. Interestingly it was found that the task which had more constraints was found to be more interesting to the learners. Key words: affective engagement, creative writing, experimental research DOI: 10.3126/nelta.v14i1.3098 Journal of NELTA Vol.14, No 1&2, 2009 December Page: 119-131