bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of human intestinal lamina propria T lymphocytes to interleukin 12: additive effects of interleukin 15 and 7
Authors: Monteleone G , Parrello T , Luzza F , Pallone F 
Published: June 2010

Background/Aim—Interleukin (IL) 12 is involved in the mucosal response during intestinal inflammation but its role is not fully understood. The response of human lamina propria T lymphocytes (T-LPL) to IL-12 in terms of interferon γ (IFN-γ) release and proliferation was investigated, exploring whether IL-15 and IL-7 cooperate with IL-12. The role of accessory molecules (CD2 and CD28) was also investigated.Methods—Unstimulated and phytohaemagglutinin preactivated T-LPL cultures were incubated with or without the initial addition of cytokines, anti-CD2 or anti-CD28 antibodies. IFN-γ mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and protein secretion was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results—IFN-γ mRNA was induced in T-LPLs by IL-12 and IL-15 but not IL-7, whereas IFN-γ was measured only in IL-12 stimulated T-LPL cultures. IL-12 induced IFN-γ release was not abrogated by neutralising anti-IL-2 antibody or by cyclosporin A. IL-12 synergised with either anti-CD2 or anti-CD28 antibodies in inducing IFN-γ synthesis. In preactivated T-LPLs, IL-7 enhanced IFN-γ release induced by both IL-12 and anti-CD2, whereas IL-15 potentiated only IL-12 induced IFN-γ synthesis. IL-12 did not induce proliferation of either unstimulated or preactivated T-LPLs and it did not enhance the CD2/CD28 stimulated T-LPL proliferative response. No transcript for IL-12 receptor β1 subunit was detected in freshly isolated and activated T-LPLs whereas the β2subunit mRNA was consistently found in T-LPL samples.Conclusions—IL-12 induces human T-LPLs to produce and release IFN-γ, and IL-15 and IL-7 cooperate with IL-12 in expanding the IFN-γ mucosal response.
Lymphocytic colitis: clinical presentation and long term course
Authors: Mullhaupt B , Güller U , Anabitarte M , Güller R , Fried M 
Published: June 2010

Background—Lymphocytic colitis is characterised by chronic watery diarrhoea with normal endoscopic or radiological findings and microscopic evidence of pronounced infiltration of the colonic mucosa with lymphocytes.Aim—To investigate the long term clinical and histological evolution of the disease in a large group of patients with well characterised lymphocytic colitis.Methods—Between 1986 and 1995 the histological diagnosis of lymphocytic colitis was obtained in 35 patients; 27 of these agreed to a follow up examination. All clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological records were reviewed at that time and the patients had a second endoscopic examination with follow up biopsies.Results—The patients initially presented with the typical findings of lymphocytic colitis. After a mean (SD) follow up of 37.8 (27.5) months, diarrhoea subsided in 25 (93%) and histological normalisation was observed in 22 (82%) of the 27 patients. Progression from lymphocytic colitis to collagenous colitis was not observed.Conclusions—Lymphocytic colitis is characterised by a benign course with resolution of diarrhoea and normalisation of histology in over 80% of patients within 38 months. Considering the benign course of the disease, the potential benefit of any drug treatment should be carefully weighed against its potential side effects.
Stromelysin 3 is overexpressed in human pancreatic carcinoma and regulated by retinoic acid in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines
Authors: von Marschall Z , Riecken E O , Rosewicz S 
Published: June 2010

Background—Matrix metalloproteinases play an important role in the control of local tumour growth and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer.Aims—To examine expression of recently discovered stromelysin 3 (STR-3) in human pancreatic cancer and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and to investigate their regulation by retinoids.Methods—STR-3 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 21 human pancreatic carcinomas. Expression of STR-3 and regulation by retinoids was assessed in five human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines using western and northern blotting as well as nuclear run on assays.Results—There was pronounced overexpression of STR-3 in 17 of 21 (80.9%) pancreatic carcinoma specimens. STR-3 expression was predominantly located in peritumourous stromal cells. Six of 21 (28.5%) carcinomas also revealed STR-3 expression in epithelial tumour cells whereas no STR-3 expression was observed in non-transformed pancreas. All five pancreatic carcinoma cell lines expressed STR-3 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, retinoid treatment results in a time and dose dependent inhibition of STR-3 protein expression. This inhibition seems to be post-transcriptional as neither STR-3 gene transcription nor mRNA steady state concentrations were affected by retinoids.Conclusions—STR-3 overexpression in stromal as well as epithelial elements during pancreatic carcinogenesis might contribute to the aggressive local growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and can be therapeutically targeted by retinoids.
Clinical trial on the effect of regular tea drinking on iron accumulation in genetic haemochromatosis
Authors: Kaltwasser J P , Werner E , Schalk K , Hansen C , Gottschalk R , Seidl C 
Published: June 2010

Background—Black tea is known to be a potent inhibitor of intestinal absorption of non-haem iron at least in healthy subjects.Aims—To investigate this effect in patients with genetic haemochromatosis, and, more importantly, the effect of regular tea drinking on the accumulation of storage iron in these patients over one year.Patients—Investigations were carried out on 18 patients with clinically proven genetic haemochromatosis. For the study of storage iron accumulation, they were separated into a group instructed to drink a particularly tannin rich tea regularly with meals and a control group.Methods—Intestinal iron absorption from a test meal was measured using whole body counting. Body iron stores were evaluated quantitatively by exhaustive phlebotomy, using haemoglobin, saturation of serum iron binding capacity, and serum ferritin for the assessment of body iron status.Results—A significant reduction in iron absorption was observed when the test meal was accompanied by drinks of tea instead of water. In the tea drinking group, the increase in storage iron was reduced by about one third compared with that of the control group.Conclusions—Regular tea drinking with meals reduces the frequency of phlebotomies required in the management of patients with haemochromatosis.
Biliary lipid composition in idiopathic bile acid malabsorption
Authors: Fracchia M , Pellegrino S , Secreto P , Pera A , Galatola G 
Published: June 2010

Background—Chronic diarrhoea is the clinical hallmark of patients presenting with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption. Its pathogenesis is unknown; colonic water secretion can be induced by dihydroxy bile acids, but it is not known whether enrichment of the bile acid pool with these bile acids occurs in such patients. Furthermore, bile acid malabsorption is known to affect biliary lipid composition, but no information is available for the idiopathic type.Aims—To verify: (a) whether diarrhoea in patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption is associated with enrichment of the bile acid pool with dihydroxy bile acids; and (b) whether supersaturation with cholesterol of duodenal bile occurs in such patients as a result of chronic bile acid depletion.Patients—Thirteen patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption diagnosed according to abnormal 75SeHCAT test and absence of other organic diseases, and 23 control subjects.Methods—Bile rich duodenal fluid was collected during intravenous ceruletide infusion in the fasting state. Biliary lipids were analysed by enzymatic assays and bile acids by high performance liquid chromatography.Results—Patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption had a cholesterol saturation index similar to controls. Bile acid composition showed only a decrease in percentage cholic acid (29 (2)% versus 36 (2)%; p<0.05); the dihydroxy:trihydroxy bile acid ratio was similar to controls.Conclusions—Patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption do not have an increased risk of forming cholesterol gallstones. The mechanism of diarrhoea does not seem to depend on an enrichment of the bile acid pool with dihydroxy bile acids.
Differential expression of laminin receptors in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ozaki I , Yamamoto K , Mizuta T , Kajihara S , Fukushima N , Setoguchi Y , Morito F , Sakai T 
Published: June 2010

Background—Laminin receptors are involved in cell-extracellular matrix interactions in malignant cells that show invasion and metastasis. Hepatocellular carcinoma frequently shows early invasion into blood vessels, and intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases. However, the role of laminin receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma is unknown.Aims—To examine the expression of mRNA for laminin receptors and their isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods—The expression of several laminin receptors, including α1 integrin, α6 integrin and its isoforms α6A and α6B, β1 integrin and its isoforms β1A and β1B, and 32kD/67kDa laminin binding protein was examined in human hepatocellular carcinomas and non-cancerous liver tissues using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results—α6 Integrin, β1 integrin, and laminin binding protein showed notably increased expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with non-cancerous liver tissue, although the α1 integrin did not show a significant change. Furthermore, β1B integrin, a splicing variant of β1 integrin, was overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma while the β1A integrin isoform did not show significant changes between hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding non-cancerous liver tissue.Conclusions—The differential upregulation of laminin receptors and their splicing isoforms was shown in hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that certain laminin receptors and their isoforms may be involved in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Effect of meal induced splanchnic arterial vasodilatation on renal arterial haemodynamics in normal subjects and patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Iwao T , Oho K , Nakano R , Yamawaki M , Sakai T , Sato M , Miyamoto Y , Toyonaga A , Tanikawa K 
Published: June 2010

Aims—To investigate the relation between changes in splanchnic arterial haemodynamics and renal arterial haemodynamics in controls and patients with cirrhosis.Methods—Superior mesenteric artery pulsatility index (SMA-PI) and renal artery pulsatility index (R-PI) were measured using Doppler ultrasonography in 24 controls and 36 patients with cirrhosis. These measurements were repeated 30 minutes after ingestion of a liquid meal or placebo. Sixteen controls and 24 patients received the meal, and eight controls and 12 patients received placebo.Results—In the fasting condition, patients with cirrhosis had a lower SMA-PI (p<0.01) and a greater R-PI (p<0.01) compared with controls. Placebo ingestion had no effect on splanchnic and renal haemodynamics. In contrast, ingestion of the meal caused a notable reduction in SMA-PI (p<0.01, p<0.01) and an increase in R-PI (p<0.01, p<0.01) in controls and patients with cirrhosis. The meal induced haemodynamic change in SMA-PI was inversely correlated with that in R-PI in controls (t=−0.42, p<0.05) and in patients with cirrhosis (t=−0.29, p<0.05).Conclusions—Results support the hypothesis that renal arterial vasoconstriction seen in patients with cirrhosis is one of the kidney’s homoeostatic responses to underfilling of the splanchnic arterial circulation.
Do gastroenterologists want to be trained in ultrasound? A national survey of trainees in gastroenterology
Authors: Jamieson C P , Denton E R E , Burnham W R 
Published: June 2010

Aims(1) To establish whether gastroenterologists wish to train in abdominal ultrasound according to the Royal College of Radiologists’ document,Guidance for the training in ultrasound of medical non-radiologists. (2) To determine whether the ultrasound workload generated by gastroenterologists differs from that by other clinicians.MethodsA postal questionnaire was sent to all 278 gastroenterology trainees. The indications and findings of 100 consecutive gastroenterologist requested scans were compared with 100 scans requested sequentially by other clinicians through a teaching hospital radiology department.Results82% of the survey forms were returned. 77% of trainees wished to train in abdominal ultrasound and 68% were prepared to train in the manner outlined in the guideline document. However, 86% felt that they would ideally prefer not to assess renal or pelvic pathology, restricting to hepatobiliary diagnosis only. 73% of trainees did not anticipate that a further scan by a radiologist would be required. Comparison of gastroenterology scans with those requested by other clinicians revealed a relative excess of hepatobiliary indications and findings, and a notable paucity of renal and pelvic pathology in gastroenterology practice.ConclusionsThere is general interest in abdominal ultrasound training among gastroenterology trainees and broad acceptance of the guideline document. However, most trainees perceive a focus of training restricted to hepatobiliary disease to be most appropriate. The case mix study provides support for this viewpoint. It is suggested that a more focused ultrasound training for gastroenterologists be considered.
The effect of epidermal growth factor on brush border surface area and function in the distal remnant following resection in the rabbit
Authors: Hardin J A , Chung B , O’Loughlin E V , Gall D G 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundEpidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to increase intestinal absorptive surface area and transport function in normal animals.AimsTo examine the effect of EGF on absorptive surface area and brush border membrane function in a model of massive small bowel resection.MethodsNew Zealand white rabbits were randomised into two groups: a resected group (60% proximal small bowel resection); and an unmanipulated control group. Distal remnant tissue was examined 10 and 21 days postsurgery. In separate experiments oral EGF (40 μg/kg/day) was administered to resected animals from days 3 to 8 and animals were studied on day 10.ResultsTen days postsurgery brush border surface area and total absorptive surface area were significantly increased in remnant tissue while brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) glucose uptake was significantly decreased compared with controls. By 21 days brush border surface area returned to control levels though BBMV glucose uptake remained depressed. EGF treatment induced a further increase in brush border surface area in remnant intestine but did not alter BBMV glucose uptake.ConclusionsSurgical resection results in significant elevations in absorptive surface area coupled with a decrease in brush border membrane transport function distal to the site of anastomosis. EGF enhances glucose uptake in remnant intestine via recruitment of additional microvillus membrane into the brush border.
Potassium secretion in rat distal colon during dietary potassium loading: role of pH regulated apical potassium channels
Authors: Sandle G I , Butterfield I 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundChronic dietary K+ loading increases the abundance of large conductance (210 pS) apical K+ channels in surface cells of rat distal colon, resulting in enhanced K+ secretion in this epithelium. However, the factors involved in the regulation of these K+ channels are at present unclear.AimsTo evaluate the effect of dietary K+ loading on intracellular pH and its relation to large conductance apical K+ channel activity in surface cells of rat distal colon.Methods/ResultsAs assessed by fluorescent imaging, intracellular pH was higher in K+ loaded animals (7.48 (0.09)) than in controls (7.07 (0.04); p<0.01) when surface cells were bathed in NaCl solution, and a similar difference in intracellular pH was observed when cells were bathed in Na2SO4 solution (7.67 (0.09) and 6.92 (0.05) respectively; p<0.001). Ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA; an inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; 1 μM) decreased intracellular pH when surface cells from K+ loaded animals were bathed in either solution, although the decrease was greater when the solution contained NaCl (ΔpH 0.50 (0.03)) rather than Na2SO4 (ΔpH 0.18 (0.02); p<0.05). In contrast, EIPA had no effect in cells from control animals. As assessed by patch clamp recording techniques, the activity of large conductance K+ channels in excised inside-out membrane patches from distal colonic surface cells of K+ loaded animals increased twofold when the bath pH was raised from 7.40 to 7.60. As assessed by cell attached patches in distal colonic surface cells from K+ loaded animals, the addition of 1 μM EIPA decreased K+ channel activity by 50%, consistent with reversal of Na+-H+ exchange mediated intracellular alkalinisation.ConclusionIntracellular alkalinisation stimulates pH sensitive large conductance apical K+ channels in rat distal colonic surface cells as part of the K+ secretory response to chronic dietary K+loading. Intracellular alkalinisation seems to reflect an increase in EIPA sensitive Na+-H+ exchange, which may be a manifestation of the secondary hyperaldosteronism associated with this model of colonic K+ adaptation.
Crohn’s disease severity in familial and sporadic cases
Authors: Carbonnel F , Macaigne G , Beaugerie L , Gendre J P , Cosnes J 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundHaving a relative with inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk for Crohn’s disease but may also increase its severity in affected patients.AimsTo evaluate the influence of a family history on Crohn’s disease course and severity.Methods1316 patients followed in the same unit were studied retrospectively. Age at onset, duration of illness, site, and extent of disease were determined in patients with and without a family history. Additionally, disease severity was estimated by the need for medical therapy (steroid and immunosuppressive requirement) and the frequency and extent of excisional surgery.Results152 (12%) patients had a family history of inflammatory bowel disease. Duration of follow up was longer in patients with a family history and there were more operations for perforating complications in familial cases. However, the importance of medical therapy, and the incidence and extent of excisional surgery were similar in familial and and sporadic cases. Kaplan-Meier estimated time to prescription of immunosuppressive drugs and first intestinal resection were similar in familial and sporadic cases. When the 152 patients with familial Crohn’s disease were paired for sex, location of disease at onset, date of birth, and date of diagnosis with 152 patients with sporadic Crohn’s disease, the disease severity remained similar in the two groups of paired patients.ConclusionPatients with Crohn’s disease and a family history of inflammatory bowel disease do not have a more severe course.
The role of xanthine oxidase in platelet activating factor induced intestinal injury in the rat
Authors: Qu X W , Rozenfeld R A , Huang W , Bulkley G B , Hsueh W 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundXanthine oxidase (XO) is an important source of reactive oxygen species in the small intestine.AimsTo examine the interaction of platelet activating factor (PAF), XO, and neutrophils in mediating intestinal injury in rats.MethodsTwo doses of PAF were used to induce either reversible hypotension, or irreversible shock with intestinal necrosis. The activities of XO, and its precursor xanthine dehydrogenase (XD), in both the whole intestinal tissue and epithelial cells, were measured. XO was localised by histochemical staining.ResultsPAF dose dependently induced an increase in XO activity, predominantly in the ileal epithelium, without altering the total activity of XD+XO. Most of the XD to XO conversion was via proteolysis. PAF induced XO activation and intestinal injury were prevented by prior neutrophil depletion. PAF induced XO activation is probably not due to reperfusion, as XO activation preceded the recovery of mesenteric flow. Allopurinol pretreatment substantially inhibited intestinal neutrophil sequestration induced by high dose (but not low dose) PAF.ConclusionsPAF rapidly activates intestinal XO through proteolytic XD-XO conversion, predominantly in the ileal epithelium. This effect is mediated by neutrophils. XO activation promotes PAF induced polymorphonuclear leucocyte sequestration in the intestine.
Oesophageal epithelial innervation in health and reflux oesophagitis
Authors: Newton M , Kamm M A , Soediono P O , Milner P , Burnham W R , Burnstock G 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUNDThe response of the oesophagus to refluxed gastric contents is likely to depend on intact neural mechanisms in the oesophageal mucosa. The epithelial innervation has not been systematically evaluated in health or reflux disease.AIMSTo study oesophageal epithelial innervation in controls, and also inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa in patients with reflux oesophagitis and healed oesophagitis.PATIENTSTen controls, nine patients with reflux oesophagitis, and five patients with healed oesophagitis.METHODSOesophageal epithelial biopsy specimens were obtained at endoscopy. The distribution of the neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), and the neuropeptides calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Density of innervation was assessed by the proportion of papillae in each oesophageal epithelial biopsy specimen containing immunoreactive fibres (found in the subepithelium and epithelial papillae, but not penetrating the epithelium).RESULTSThe proportion of papillae positive for PGP immunoreactive nerve fibres was significantly increased in inflamed tissue when compared with controls, and non-inflamed and healed tissue. There was also a significant increase in VIP immunoreactive fibres within epithelial papillae. Other neuropeptides showed no proportional changes in inflammation.CONCLUSIONSEpithelial biopsy specimens can be used to assess innervation in the oesophagus. The innervation of the oesophageal mucosa is not altered in non-inflamed tissue of patients with oesophagitis but alters in response to inflammation, where there is a selective increase (about three- to fourfold) in VIP containing nerves.