bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FIBRINOLYSIS AND TRAUMATIC HYPHAEMA
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD 
Published: May 2009

Since January 1st 1975, 310 patients with traumatic hyphaema have been treated with the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid. One secondary haemorrhage has occurred, corresponding to a frequency of secondary haemorrhage of 0.32%. Eighty‐five of these patients were treated as outpatients.In four patients with traumatic hyphaema, who were not treated with tranexamic acid, the serum content of activator inhibitor was determined daily. An increase was seen during the first five days after the trauma, followed by a marked fall on the 6th day. In the same four patients, the central corneal thickness was followed by daily measurements and compared to the variation in activator inhibitor.
FIBRINOLYTIC FACTORS IN AQUEOUS HUMOUR AND SERUM FROM PATIENTS WITH FUCHS‘ DYSTROPHY AND PATIENTS WITH CATARACT
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD , STENBJERG STENER 
Published: May 2009

The concentration of α2‐macroglobulin, α2‐antitrypsin, plasminogen, C3‐complement, fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and fibrinolytic activity, were studied in the aqueous humour and serum from nine patients with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, 17 patients with uncomplicated senile cataract and in the secondary aqueous from six cataract patients. Finally, the aqueous humour and serum from two patients anterior uveitis were studied.An increased concentration of α2‐macroglobulin, α1‐antitrypsin, plasminogen and C3‐complement was found in both the aqueous and the serum from patients with Fuchs' dystrophy when compared with the primary aqueous and serum from patients with cataract but this was only significant for α1‐antitrypsin in aqueous humour. A significant increase in the amount of FDP was found in the serum of the Fuchs' patients compared with the cataract patients. Fibrinolytic activity could not be demonstrated in the serum in any of the patient groups.The concentrations of the various factors found in the secondary aqueous of the cataract patients differed only slightly from the content of the primary aqueous of the Fuchs' patients.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE LENS CAPSULE IN FIBRILLOPATHIA EPITHELIOCAPSULARIS (FEC) OR SO‐CALLED SENILE EXFOLIATION OR PSEUDOEXFOLIATION
Authors: SELAND JOHAN H. 
Published: May 2009

Twenty lenses from cataractous eyes have been subjected to enzymatic breakdown by collagenase and α‐chymotrypsin in order to remove part of the lens capsule and the zonular apparatus. Twelve of the lenses had clinical fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis (FEC syndrome).In addition four FEC lenses and four ordinary cataractous lenses served as controls.A characteristic fibrillar substance was found in the FEC lenses located to circular epithelium‐near areas varying in size from 10 μm to 150 μm. The circular areas were found in zona germinativa in front of the bow region and corresponded to the discoid plaques of the deep layer.The ultrastructure of the finely fibrillar material of the deep layer were indistinguishable from that of the surface material of the peripheral band and the central disc. A connection between the discoid plaques of deep layer and the peripheral granular band were demonstrated in the form of radial “cobble‐stone” sectors seen in partially digested FEC capsules.An increased amount of age dependent spindleshaped formed bodies were also found in FEC lenses.The evidence presented points towards a lenticular origin of the Busaccabushes in the peripheral ganular band of the lens capsule.
KERATITIS DENDRITICA
Authors: MORTENSEN K. KAMP , SJØLIE A. K. 
Published: May 2009

One hundred and seven outbreaks of dendritic keratitis have been registered by the ophthalmologists over a 2‐year‐period in a region with a population of approximately 446 000 persons. The incidence was found to be 12/100 000/ year.The average age of our sample was 46.5 years with the same age distribution for males and females, and with a non‐significant predominance of males. No seasonal variation of dendritic keratitis was observed. 50% of the patients had previously suffered from dendritic keratitis. In 25% of the patients the onset of the disease had been preceded by an infectious disease, while 6% were on local steroid therapy for non‐dendritic eye diseases prior to the dendritic outbreak.
MORPHOLOGICAL, HISTOCHEMICAL AND X‐RAY MICROANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF DEPOSITS ON SOFT CONTACT LENSES IN EXTENDED WEARING
Authors: DREYER V. , JENSEN O.A. , PRAUSE J. U. 
Published: May 2009

The deposits on 29 contact lenses of various water content from 20 wearers were analysed by the methods given in the title. Six lenses were used as bandage lenses, the remaining for optical correction. The age of the patients varied from 7 to 56 years, two‐thirds being under 45 years.Wearing time had been from 1 week to 1 year, with an average of 13 weeks. The results obtained by the methods applied showed that calcium was present in just over two‐thirds of the cases (20/29), other elements being infrequent. Mucopolysaccharides were found in just under two‐thirds (18/29). Chlorine was present in one‐fifth of the cases. No significant amounts of lipid were detected. Fungi were found in three cases (3/29). Bacteria were also found in these cases, but never without fungi.Evaluation of the methods applied showed that the methods of choice were macroscopical examination and scanning electron microscopy in combination with X‐ray microanalysis, in a few cases combined with histochemistry. None of the methods applied is sufficient for protein analysis.
EFFECTS OF CORNEAL PRESERVATION, DONOR AGE, CADAVER TIME AND POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD ON THE GRAFT ENDOTHELIUM
Authors: RUUSUVAARA PEKKA 
Published: May 2009

The endothelia of 102 clear human corneal grafts in 95 patients were photographed in vivo with a specular microscope. The endothelial cell densities of the grafts were counted from an area of 0.01 mm2. The follow‐up period averaged three years. The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 77 years and that of the donors from 8 to 89 years. The average endothelial cell density for all 102 transplants was 1169 ± 478 cells/mm2.Corneal transplants stored in MK medium (N = 19) have more cells than cryopreserved grafts (N = 42) or grafts stored in the moist chamber (N = 41); this last group was used as control material. The differences in cell densities were statistically significant. The cell density of cryopreserved grafts was significantly higher than in grafts stored in the moist chamber.Only in those grafts in which moist chamber storage had been used was endothelial cell density dependent on time of storage. With an increase in cadaver time (time from death to enucleation), the endothelial cell density of the graft decreased.An inverse correlation was found between the cell density of the graft and donor age. Good results were still found with healthy donors over 60 years. The endothelial cell density of the grafts showed a steady decrease during the long‐term post‐operative period, the rate of cell loss being much higher in graft endothelium than in normal endothelium during ageing.
LATE COMPLICATIONS OF 7–0 POLYGLYCOLIC (DEXON) SUTURES IN CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: KLEMETTI ANNELI 
Published: May 2009

The late complications of corneo‐scleral wound healing after the 15th postoperative day were recorded in 108 routine adult cataract operations using 7–0 polyglycolic acid (Dexon®) sutures and compared with 80 routine adult cataract operations using 9–0 monofilament nylon (9–10 Ethilon Nylon®) sutures.In 37 eyes of the 7–0 Dexon group filtrating blebs, gaping of the corne‐oscleral wound, anterior chamber collapse, or decrease in the intraocular pressure were observed compared with one filtrating bleb in the 9–0 nylon group. The majority of late complications occurred 22 to 42 days after surgery. Ten filtrating blebs remained after a 5 months' follow‐up period. The most probable cause of the late complications in corneo‐scleral wound healing was discussed.
RETINAL HAEMORRHAGES IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: EGGE KJELL , LYNG GAUTE , MALTAU JAN MARTIN 
Published: May 2009

The present study shows the frequency and severity of retinal haemorrhages in 200 newborn, of which 100 were delivered spontaneously, 51 delivered by vacuum extractor and 49 by forceps. The incidence of retinal haemorrhages was highest in the vacuum group (50%), lowest in the forceps group (16%), while the spontaneously delivered children showed an incidence of 41%.The incidence of severe retinal haemorrhages was about five times higher in the vacuum group than in both forceps and control groups.The authors propose a quantitative grading of the haemorrhages. The purpose has been to obtain a better way of relating the haemorrhages to mode of delivery and probably also to relate retinal haemorrhages to possible brain damage.
NATURAL FAT IN EXTERNAL EYE
Authors: NORN M.S. 
Published: May 2009

Examination of 113 eyes vital‐stained by Sudan powder revealed that fat on the skin of outer canthus may pass onto the precorneal film (in 68%), and that the most reliable staining is obtained by application on the bulbar conjunctiva below the limbus corneae at 6 o'clock.In 41%, the precorneal film had stained drops or foam, with a tendency towards an increase among pathological cases (infectious conjunctivitis and blepharitis). An increased amount of fat was found in the mucous thread of eyes affected with infectious conjunctivitis and lagophthalmos. In a small number of pathological cases fat was also detected on cornea, bulbar conjunctiva, and inferior fornix.The fatty layer on the lower lid margin was stained more frequently and more intensely than that on the superior.The secretion of the meibomian glands was stained in no more than a scant one half of the glands (on an average 44%), independently of age, sex, site, and diagnosis.
THE FATE OF PRESERVED AND TRANSPLANTED HUMAN CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM
Authors: RUUSUVAARA PEKKA 
Published: May 2009

This paper evaluates the numbers of corneal endothelial cells that survive transplantation. The donor endothelium was photographed with a specular microscope both before enucleation and in situ after keratoplasty. The cell density was measured in 16 corneas from donors with choroidal melanoma. Of these donor corneas 12 were cryopreserved, two were preserved in McCarey and Kaufman's (M‐K) medium and two were transplanted fresh. The average follow‐up period after keratoplasty was 11 months.The mean endothelial cell loss for the whole series was found to be 49%. The mean cell loss for the cryopreserved corneas was 55%. In the four other recipients, with donor corneas that had been stored in M‐K medium or transplanted fresh, the mean cell loss was 32%.The corneas preserved in M‐K medium had the highest cell density in the transplants, with cell losses of 21 and 22%. Cell losses in the two corneas transplanted fresh were 40 and 44%. Cell losses, in the cryopreserved grafts had a wide variation, 33–77%. No correlation could be found between cell loss and either the age of the donor or the duration of preservation.Freezing and thawing was found to damage a proportion of the cells so that they did not stain with para‐nitro‐blue tetrazolium (p‐NBT) after preservation. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy also revealed changes in the intercellular spaces and some cell disruption in cryopreserved grafts.
FURTHER STUDIES OF THE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY OF THE OSCILLATORY POTENTIALS OF THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM (ERG)
Authors: WACHTMEISTER LILLEMOR 
Published: May 2009

The oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the mudpuppy ERG were studied to evaluate the effects of GABA and glycine antagonists.Upon exposing the retina to bicuculline and picrotoxin, blocking agents of the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, all the OPs were selectively abolished. The earlier OPs (01–03) appeared more sensitive to the drug than the later ones (04–05). There was no appreciable effect on the range of sensitivity and saturation level of the b‐wave. Low concentrations of strychnine, blocking the effect of the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine, produced a selective decrease of the amplitude of the OPs. The first (01) appeared less sensitive to the drug than the later ones. Higher concentrations extinguished all the OPs but also decreased the suprathreshold amplitude of the b‐wave.In conclusion, the present results in agreement with previous work, suggest that the OPs appear to have a different origin from the b‐wave and seem to be generated by inhibitory feed‐back circuits within retina. The differential sensitivity of the individual oscillatory peaks indicate that perhaps chemically different synaptic activities might underlie the individual oscillatory potentials.
THE EFFECT OF TRANEXAMIC ACID ON SECONDARY HAEMORRHAGE AFTER TRAUMATIC HYPHAEMA
Authors: VARNEK L. , DALSGAARD C. , HANSEN A. , KLIE F. 
Published: May 2009

During the period from March 1978 to November 1979, 232 consecutive patients with traumatic hyphaema were allocated by admission‐date to conservative treatment and to treatment with the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid.Secondary haemorrhage occurred in only two out of 102 tranexamic acid treated patients, while secondary haemorrhage occurred in 12 out of 130 conservatively treated patients. This difference was statistically significant.Some clinical aspects of the rebleeding cases are presented and briefly discussed.
HUMAN SENILE CATARACT AND Na‐K ATP'ase ACTIVITY IN THE ANTERIOR LENS STRUCTURES
Authors: LAURSEN A. BRUUN , KLAUBER A. , JENSEN O. A. 
Published: May 2009

Location and in vitro determination of Na‐K ATP'ase activity in the anterior structures of individual human lenses with senile cataract are reported, with special reference to anterior capsular/subcapsular opacity (ACSCO). Histochemically, ATP'ase reaction products were found exclusively in the epithelium. Even totally opaque lenses showed strong positive reactions. Biochemically, increasing ratios of Na+/K+ concentrations in the assay medium resulted in an increase in enzyme activity to a limited degree, whereafter the activity remained stable.We cannot decide whether the Na‐K ATP'ase activity of the anterior lens structures is unchanged in relation to ACSCO as indicated by our figures. For there are methodological problems, although our analytical error, expressed as the variation coefficient for slaughterhouse pig lenses, seems to be one of the lowest so far reported in the literature on interindividual, non‐pooled material.
PER OPERATIVE TRYPAN BLUE VITAL STAINING OF CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM
Authors: NORN M.S. 
Published: May 2009

An 0.1% aqueous trypan blue solution was injected into the anterior chamber during cataract extraction for the purpose of disclosing endothelial cell damage if present.Follow‐up examination of 24 patients after eight years revealed no side‐effects of trypan blue, as judged by corneal opacities, compared with non‐vital‐stained aphakic and non‐operated control eyes.
PAS‐POSITIVE POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES IN CORNEAL ULCERS
Authors: PRAUSE J. U. , JENSEN O. A. 
Published: May 2009

Fifty consecutive cases of severe keratitis with clinical signs of corneal ulcers were examined histologically for the stage of inflammatory reaction. Further, 14 similar cases were studied ultrastructurally.Cell counts of polymorphonuclears (PML), eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells were carried out. Further the corneas were grouped according to their content of PAS‐positive PML. The state of ulceration was estimated microscsopically.PML at a cell count of > 10 cells/mean field (× 1000) were found in 32/50 cases, and were significantly more frequent in corneal areas with epithelial or Descemet membrane defects. Most PML were PAS‐positive (26/50), the positive material having the characteristics of glycogen. PAS‐negative PML were found in corneas with increased amount of plasma cells.By TEM the PML were found highly phagocytic, partly degranulated and with reduced glycogen content. TEM could not, on the formalin fixed specimens, determine whether PAS‐negative PML had a higher protein turn‐over, but the findings indicate that corneal ulcers with PAS‐negative PML contain a high amount of proteases, because of many degranulated PML and probably a reactivation of PML. Therefore the PAS stainability can be used as an indicator for the PML activity in corneal ulcers.
DEMONSTRATION OF A DIFFUSIONAL PATHWAY BETWEEN THE SUBRETINAL SPACE AND THE JUXTAPAPILLARY CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: FLAGE TOR , RINGVOLD AMUND 
Published: May 2009

A defect in the blood‐retina barrier in the optic nerve head region has been demonstrated. In order to show the exact localization of this defect, an in vitro experiment has been performed on rabbit eyes, using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer. From a subretinal depot the tracer diffused between the innermost retinal pigment epithelial cell and the cells of Kuhnt intermediary tissue into the border tissue of Elschnig and the juxtapapillary choroid.The defect in the permeability barrier is thus located to the junction between the retinal pigment epithelium and the Kuhnt intermediary tissue. The role of the junctional complexes in the Kuhnt intermediary tissue in relation to the blood‐retina barrier is discussed.
CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS AND INTRAOCULAR TENSION IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD , KLAUBER ANNE , BJERRE PER 
Published: May 2009

In 27 patients with pituitary adenomas the central corneal thickness and the intraocular tension were measured. Thirteen of the patients were suffering from acromegaly, and in this group the central corneal thickness was 0.561 mm ± 0.035 (x̄ ± sd). In the 14 patients with pituitary adenomas but no acromegaly the central corneal thickness was 0.526 mm ± 0.030 (x̄ ± sd). This difference is statistically significant 0.01 > P > 0.001.In the 13 patients with acromegaly the intraocular tension measured by applanation was 16.9 mmHg ± 2.3 (x̄ ± sd) and in the control group 14.7 mmHg ± 2.4 (x̄ ± sd). This difference is statistically significant (0.05 > P > 0.02). When the applanation reading is corrected for the difference in the central corneal thickness, the patients suffering from acromegaly have an intraocular tension of 14.1 mmHg, which is of the same magnitude as the tension in the patients without acromegaly.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: BERNTH‐PETERSEN PETER 
Published: May 2009

The outcome of intracapsular cataract extraction seen from the patients' point of view and patients' statements of visual function were obtained by questionnaires to 120 patients one year after the operation. Comparison to visual acuity at discharge after surgery was done.The results indicate that today cataract extraction is very successful in improving vision, visual function and quality of life. The utilization of the visual improvement, however, is not always optimal; e.g. 39% of those patients, who according to visual acuity at discharge should have normal reading capacities, do not or cannot utilize this ability.Many circumstances can be presumed to be responsible for this discrepancy, but further studies are needed for elucidation of these problems.
INTRAOCULAR LENSES VERSUS EXTENDED‐WEAR CONTACT LENSES IN APHAKIC REHABILITATION
Authors: BERNTH‐PETERSEN PETER , SØRENSEN TORBEN 
Published: May 2009

A controlled clinical study with random allocation of method of rehabilitation (lens implant or contact lenses) was designed for comparative outcome assessments. Sixty‐one patients were included in the study: 31 patients randomized to lens implantation and 30 patients to extended‐wear contact lens rehabilitation with early post‐operative fitting. Complication rates were low in both groups with slight accumulation of intraocular complications in the implant group and of external complications in the contact lens group. We found no significant differences between the groups in final visual acuity, in vision dependent practical functioning, or in patients' contentment.Two main points summarize our results and impressions from this study: At the expense of a slightly higher risk the lens implant patients get the most convenient and comfortable rehabilitation and at the expense of frequent visits for follow‐up and lens cleaning the contact lens patients get the safest rehabilitation. The patient offered contact lens rehabilitation should be capable of alert cooperation, fairly mobile and living within easy access to ophthalmic service, while the patient offered lens implant does not need to fulfill these criteria.
Static versus kinetic testing in the nasal peripheral field in patients with glaucoma
Authors: Stewart William C. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract One‐hundred and seventy‐seven subjects (207 eyes) were tested on the Humphrey Field Analyzer to evaluate the usefulness of static and kinetic peripheral nasal visual field testing in identifying glaucomatous defects. In 20 of the 187 glaucomatous or ocular hyperten sive eyes glaucomatous defects were found in the peripheral nasal field while the central 30° remained normal or showed non‐specific diffuse depression. Kinetic peripheral nasal field testing identified 17 of these eyes while the static testing identified eleven. This difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05, Stuart‐Maxwell test). Twenty control eyes showed one glaucomatous peripheral nasal defect on static testing, and none with kinetic testing. These results differed statistically from the diagnoses in the diseased population (P < 0.005, x2‐test).This study suggests the potential value of nasal peripheral field testing in selected glaucoma patients for which static testing has no apparent diagnostic advantage over kinetic techniques.
Extended-Spectrum Properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly Mutant of CMY-2 Cephalosporinase
Authors: Kotsakis Stathis D. , Papagiannitsis Costas C. , Tzelepi Eva , Tzouvelekis Leonidas S. , Miriagou Vivi 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase, was derived by mutagenesis. The hydrolytic efficiency of CMY-30 against expanded-spectrum cephalosporins was higher than that of CMY-2 due to increased
k
cat
values. Findings indicate a role of the Ω loop residue 211 in determining the substrate specificities of CMYs also corroborated by modeling studies.
Retention of Metabolites of 2′,3′-Didehydro-3′-Deoxy-4′-Ethynylthymidine, a Novel Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Thymidine Analog, in Cells
Authors: Wang Xin , Tanaka Hiromichi , Baba Masanori , Cheng Yung-chi 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
2′,3′-Didehydro-3′-deoxy-4′-ethynylthymidine (4′-Ed4T), a novel thymidine analog, has more potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity than its progenitor, stavudine (d4T). The profile of the intracellular metabolites of 4′-Ed4T was qualitatively similar to that of zidovudine (AZT) but not to that of d4T, while after drug removal it showed more persistent anti-HIV activity than AZT or d4T in cell culture. When CEM cells were exposed to various concentrations of 4′-Ed4T, 4′-Ed4T was efficiently taken up by the cells and was readily phosphorylated to 4′-Ed4T monophosphate (4′-Ed4TMP), 4′-Ed4T diphosphate (4′-Ed4TDP), and 4′-Ed4T triphosphate (4′-Ed4TTP). Most importantly, 4′-Ed4TTP, the active metabolite of 4′-Ed4T, persisted significantly longer than 4′-Ed4TDP and 4′-Ed4TMP after drug removal. We further investigated the efflux profiles of 4′-Ed4T in the comparison with those of AZT in CEM cells. After drug removal, both 4′-Ed4T and AZT were effluxed from the cells in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. However, the efflux of 4′-Ed4T from cells was much less efficient than that of AZT. 4′-Ed4T was effluxed from cells only in its nucleoside form, while AZT was effluxed from cells in both its nucleoside and monophosphate forms. The mechanism-of-action study showed that the efflux of 4′-Ed4T or AZT nucleoside might be due to unknown nucleoside transporters which were not related to the equilibrative nucleoside transporters, while the efflux of AZT monophosphate might be due to multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4). The results demonstrated that no detectable 4′-Ed4TMP efflux and the less efficient efflux of 4′-Ed4T nucleoside from cells might be one of the biochemical determinants of its persistent antiviral activity in cell culture.