bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF SAMPLING DESIGNS FOR EGG AND LARVAL POPULATIONS OF THE WHEAT MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), IN WHEAT
Authors: Mukerji M.K. , Olfert O.O. , Doane J.F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe spatial and statistical distribution of eggs and larvae of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), in wheat in northeastern Saskatchewan were investigated. The highest number of each stage occurred in the top third of the head and the lowest in the bottom third. Because of this the entire wheat head is considered an adequate sample unit for density estimates of the two life stages. Sample sizes required to estimate egg and larval populations with given levels of precision were determined. A sequential sampling plan for larval populations was derived using Green’s and Iwao’s methods. Both methods gave similar results; however, the number of samples required to reach a decision was higher using Green’s method than using Iwao’s.
REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY XANTHOLININAE OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE). SUPPLEMENTUM 1
Authors: Smetana Aleš 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe following new taxa of Xantholininae are described:Lithocharodes scutifersp. nov. (Arizona),Habrolinus californicussp. nov. (California),H.hardyisp. nov. (California and Oregon),H.abdominalissp. nov. (California),H.andrewsisp. nov. (California and Oregon),Linohesperus spiculifersp. nov. (California),L.iaculatorsp. nov. (California),L.montivagussp. nov. (California),L.priapussp. nov. (California),Neohypnus coloratussp. nov. (Florida),Oxybleptes meridionalissp. nov. (Florida).The genusTimagenesSmetana 1982 is placed as a subgenus of the genusHabrolinusCasey 1906 (new status). The treatments of the generaHabrolinusandTimagenesin my revision (Smetana 1982: 134–143) are entirely rewritten. A new key to the known species ofLinohesperusSmetana 1982 is given.Additional data on taxonomy, bionomics, and geographical distribution of many species of Xantholininae in North America are presented.
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR PROTECTION OF WHEAT AGAINST DAMAGE BY THE WHEAT MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Elliott R.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe efficacies of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, endosulfan, methoxychlor, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, and malathion were evaluated against the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin). Methods are described for evaluating damage and protection in individually collected wheat heads and whole plants. Weighted values from whole plants provided the best indication of kernel protection and yield response.Whole plants contained three main types of wheat heads (primary heads, first tillers, and second tillers) which differed in their frequencies, kernel numbers, and developmental times. The latter indicated that the chronology of midge attack, status of midge infestations during spraying, and spray coverage also differed in the head types.Insecticides provided different levels of kernel protection within and among the various head types. The majority of primary heads emerged before spraying and harbored midge eggs at spraying. In these wheat heads, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and malathion provided significantly better kernel protection (60–75%) than permethrin, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin (<7%). The results suggested that the more effective kernel protectants permeated the spikelet and controlled the eggs and/or newly hatched larvae. Kernel protection in the primary heads was closely related to insecticide volatility. Conditions were different in most first tillers and second tillers which emerged after spraying. In these wheat heads, poor spray coverage and short residual activity against adult midge appeared to limit kernel protection by all insecticides.
EVALUATION OF A HELD BIOASSAY TECHNIQUE TO PREDICT THE IMPACT OF AERIAL APPLICATIONS OF FORESTRY INSECTICIDES ON STREAM INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Poirier D.G. , Surgeoner G.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractField bioassays were used to assess the toxicities of four formulated insecticides to representative stream invertebrates. Toxicities (48-h LC50) after a 1-h application period ranged from 2.0 to 7.1 μg/L for permethrin, 82 to 284 μg/L for fenitrothion, 344 to 1276 μg/L for aminocarb, and 251 to 1504 μg/L for mexacarbate. Invertebrates drifted at concentrations of permethrin greater than 0.5 μg/L, and at concentrations of fenitrothion, aminocarb, and mexacarbate greater than 10 μg/L. An aerial application of 280 g AI/ha fenitrothion with no stream buffer was made to compare bioassay results with impact to aquatic invertebrates under operational spray programs. Concentrations of fenitrothion peaked 30 min after spray at 31.0 μg/L and declined to less than 1.0 μg/L within 14 h. Numbers of drifting invertebrates increased 20-fold 3 h after spray and declined to before-spray numbers within 24 h. Mortalities of caged invertebrates in the stream ranged from 0% for Pycnopsyche sp. to 16% for Simulium venustum (Say). The field bioassay accurately predicted the impacts of fenitrothion on stream invertebrates in this situation.
ROLE OFUROPHORA CARDUI(L.) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITS GALL ON STEMS OF CANADA THISTLE
Authors: Shorthouse Joseph D. , Lalonde Robert G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStems of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.), with galls ofUrophora cardui(L.) at various stages of development, were brushed with a concentrated solution of dimefhoate to kill the gall-inducing larvae. Tissues of untreated and treated galls were compared to study the influence of larvae on each phase of gall growth and development. Galls treated in the initiation phase stopped growing. Galls treated in the growth phase grew slightly, primary nutritive tissue was replaced by a thick layer of proliferating callus, and lignified tissue appeared in its normal location. Galls treated in the maturation phase retained the arrangement of their secondary nutritive tissue but it degraded and callus did not develop in the larval chambers. We concluded that active larvae were necessary for normal gall growth and for the retention of primary nutritive cells, but larvae were not necessary for the formation of lignified tissues or for the retention of secondary nutritive cells.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS POLYXENUS (DIPLOPODA: PENICILLATA: POLYXENIDAE) FROM KOREA
Authors: ISHII Kiyoshi , Choi Song-Sik 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new penicillate diplopod, Polyxenus koreanus sp. nov., is described from Korea. This is the first record of penicillate diplopods in Korea.
SEX PHEROMONE OF RETINIA METALLICA (BUSCK) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD STUDIES
Authors: Dix M.E. , Underhill E.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe major sex pheromone component from female moths of Retinia metallica (Busck) was identified as Z7,E9-dodecadienyl acetate (Z7,E9-12:Ac) by a combination of electroantennographic (EAG), gas chromatographic (GC), and mass spectrometric analyses. In field tests, males of R. metallica were strongly attracted to Z7,E9-12:Ac. Addition of Z7,Z9-12:Ac, E7,Z9-12:Ac, Z7,E9-dodecadienol (Z7,E9-12:OH), andZ7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac) to Z7,E9-12:Ac did not significantly alter trap catch. However, the addition of E9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac) and Z9-12:Ac reduced trap catch. Trap catch was affected by height of placement; traps placed in the upper third of the tree (6 m) caught significantly more males than traps placed at lower heights.
POPULATION STUDIES ON THE WINTER MOTH OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) IN APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: MacPhee A. , Newton A. , McRae K.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe winter moth Operophtera brumata (L.) is a serious introduced pest of apple trees in Nova Scotia. It spread westward through orchards of the Annapolis Valley in the 1950’s and to other deciduous trees throughout Nova Scotia later. The parasites Cyzenis albicans (Fall.) and Agrypon flaveolatum (Grav.) were liberated during 1961 in Nova Scotia and gradually spread throughout the winter moth population. Population dynamics studies were conducted in insecticide-free orchards and corroborated with observations in neglected unsprayed apple trees over a wide area. The winter moth population reached a balanced level in unsprayed orchards at varying densities below the limits of its food supply, but well above an acceptable level for commercial apple production. In young orchards, where trees cover a small percentage of the ground, natural dispersal of larvae appeared to be a suppressing factor. In mature orchards mortality was density dependent during the prepupal to adult stage; mortality was partly due to parasitism and predation but also to other factors.
LATE-QUATERNARY FOSSIL CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM HIPPA LAKE, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOCORYNOCERAZETT.
Authors: Walker Ian R. , Mathewes Rolf W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChironomid stratigraphic analyses of sediment from Hippa Lake, Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C., revealed a fossil chironomid record unlike that reported for deeper lakes of southwestern British Columbia, but similar to an arctic Alaskan sequence. Little evidence of trophic succession or climatic change was noted.Chironomids, includingCorynoceranr.ambiguaZett., rapidly colonized the lake. Because the known adults ofCorynoceraZett. are brachypterous, the early arrival ofC. nr.ambiguaat Hippa Lake suggested either that this species survived in a Queen Charlotte glacial refugium, that chironomids can disperse very rapidly, even without active flight, or the existence of a previously undescribedCorynoceraspecies with well-developed wings.Elsewhere, fossils of theC.ambiguagroup are commonly associated with fossil oospores ofCharaValliant andNitellaAgardh. North American records are inconsistent, although similar correlations existed in some coastal lakes of British Columbia.
AN INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION MODEL FOR THE LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (RONDANI)
Authors: Dohse Lothar A. , McNeil Jeremy N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA mathematical model was constructed to simulate the effect of intraspecific larval competition on the survival of Agromyza frontella (Rondani). It was shown that the probabilities of cannibalism and starvation can be expressed as functions of larval density and food availability (leaflet surface area), and that expected pupal weights can be determined from the amount of food available to the third-instar larva. Predictions were compared with data from laboratory experiments and field samples with excellent results.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MALAISE TRAPS IN COLLECTING HYMENOPTERA: THE INFLUENCE OF TRAP DESIGN, MESH SIZE, AND LOCATION
Authors: Darling D. Christopher , Packer Laurence 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe influence of various aspects of Malaise trap design on efficiency in collecting various groups of Hymenoptera was compared using commercially available traps. The influence of fine and coarse mesh sizes and the importance of the incorporation of pan traps into the design were evaluated in two sampling periods in an old dune community at Pinery Provincial Park in southern Ontario. Numbers of individuals collected in Malaise trap heads and pan traps were presented for each paired comparison of mesh size (fine and coarse) and location (top and bottom of a hill) for various families of Hymenoptera. A graphical analysis of the normalized catch data for more inclusive groupings, viz. Symphyta, Aculeata, Ichneumonoidea, and microhymenoptera, was presented. The major results of these comparisons were as follows: (1) pan traps were an important component of efficient Malaise traps, especially for Aculeata and microhymenoptera; (2) coarse mesh was more effective in collecting Aculeata; (3) coarse and fine mesh were both effective in collecting Ichneumonoidea; and (4) fine mesh was more effective in collecting microhymenoptera. There was an interaction effect between the type of trap used and groups collected and it was not possible to maximize simultaneously the collection of all groups of Hymenoptera. The use of various mesh types and a trap design that incorporates pan traps was recommended.
THE MATING STATUS OF FIELD-COLLECTED MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN RELATION TO TRAP LOCATION, SAMPLING METHOD, SAMPLING DATE, AND ADULT EMERGENCE
Authors: Bergh J.C. , Eveleigh E.S. , Seabrook W.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMale spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), were captured in 1986 and 1987 and the proportion recently mated was determined for each sample. Mating status was examined in relation to trap location, sampling method, sampling date, and adult emergence. On a given day the proportion of recently mated males captured was similar among pheromone-baited traps both within and among test sites. The number of males trapped increased with increasing trap elevation, although there was no difference in the proportion of mated males at each elevation. Males exhibiting “mate-location behaviour” were captured individually with an insect net and were found to be mated in the same proportion as those caught in pheromone-baited traps. The proportion of recently mated males trapped tended to increase during the early part of the flight season, to fluctuate during the middle portion, and then to decline toward the end of the season. This pattern was due, in part, to adult emergence trends.
PREY PREFERENCES OF CALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA L. (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) LARVAE AND RELATIONSHIP OF PREY CONSUMPTION TO PREDATOR SIZE
Authors: Weseloh Ronald M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn feeding choice tests, first- and second-instar larvae of Calosoma sycophanta L. preferred gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), pupae as prey but third-instar larvae most often consumed caterpillars. All beetle larvae preferred female pupae over male pupae. In non-choice feeding tests, older predator larvae consumed more gypsy moth fifth-instar larvae than the larger sixth-instar larvae, but the total weights of prey eaten in both cases were similar. First-instar larvae of C. sycophanta only partially consumed prey, and caterpillar size did not affect the total numbers eaten. Beetle larvae ate as many female gypsy moth pupae as male pupae, but larger larvae consumed greater weights of the former than of the latter. As a consequence, C. sycophanta larvae fed female pupae were larger than those provided with male pupae. However, for a given increase in size, third-instar larval beetles ingested the same weight of food no matter what the prey size was. Conversely, young beetle larvae seemed to require greater amounts of the body contents of large prey for a given size increase, probably because fluids from large prey were lost during predator attack. The information gained in this study may make it possible to use sizes of field-observed C. sycophanta larvae to predict numbers of prey they have killed.
REDESCRIPTION OF AND HOST-INDUCED ANTENNAL VARIATION IN ANAPHES IOLE GIRAULT (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE), AN EGG PARASITE OF MIRIDAE (HEMIPTERA) IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Huber John T. , Rajakulendran V.K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAnaphes iole Girault is redescribed from specimens reared from Lygus hesperus Knight and Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter). Anaphes anomocerus, A. ovijentatus, and A. perdubius are synonyms of A. iole. Host-induced morphological variation is discussed. The main attributes that vary with host are the relative size of certain funicular articles and their complement of sensory ridges. There is no morphological overlap between populations as indicated by measurements of most other structures. However, certain structural features that can be used to define the species unequivocally were found.
GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) AS PREDATORS OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Hagley Elmer A.C. , Allen W.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPterostichus melanarius Ill. was the predominant ground beetle recovered in pitfall traps in three blocks of apple trees at Jordan Station, Ont. In one block, C, the number of mature fifth-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) seeking overwintering sites was related significantly (r2 = 0.5476, P < 0.05) to the number of P. melanarius caught, but was not related significantly (r2 = 0.1181, P > 0.10) to the proportion of beetles that were serologically positive. The proportion of larvae pupating also was not related significantly (r2 = 0.2014, P > 0.10) to the number of P. melanarius. The total number of all predators caught was related significantly (r2 = 0.4490, P < 0.05) to the number of larvae present, but the proportion of larvae that pupated was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3606, P > 0.05) to the total number of predators.In block A, in 1983–1985, the number of mature larvae of C. pomonella seeking overwintering sites was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3763, 0.3619, and 0.5042, P > 0.05, respectively) to the number of P. melanarius taken in pitfall traps. In both blocks A and B, the number of serologically positive beetles was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3824 and 0.7921, P > 0.10, respectively) to the number of larvae seeking overwintering sites.Amara aenea DeG., Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F., Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum Say, Clivinia impressifrons LeC., Diplochaeila impressicolis (Dej.), Harpalus aeneus F., and Pterostichus chalcites Say also gave positive serological reactions to the antiserum against C. pomonella.The occurrence of other species of Lepidoptera did not affect significantly the results obtained for C. pomonella.
THE OCCURRENCE OF CLERUCHUS BICILIATUS (FERRIÈRE) IN NORTH AMERICA (HYMENOPTERA, CHALCIDOIDEA: MYMARIDAE)
Authors: Clouâtre A. , Coderre D. , Gagnon D. 
Published: November 2009

In a 1984 study on the ecological factors influencing the forest vegetation in the southern region of the province of Quebec (Gauthier 1985; St-Jacques 1986), an adult specimen of Cleruchus biciliatus (Ferrière) was found. This is the first record of the occurrence of the species in North America.Sampling was done in 120 sites selected in a stratified random design in natural forests of the Mirabel area, northwest of Montreal (from 45°33' to 45°45'N and from 74°3' to 74°44'W). At each site, vegetation was sampled from an area 20 by 50 m. A 400-cm2 sample of litter was taken from each of these areas. In the laboratory, the litter samples were put into modified Berless funnels (Phillipson 1971). Following a 48-h extraction process, the organisms, collected in 70% ethyl alcohol, were identified and counted.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF GENETICS OF HYBRID STERILITY IN CROSSES OF GLOSSINA PALPALIS PALPALIS (ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY) AND GLOSSINA PALPALIS GAMBIENSIS VANDERPLANK
Authors: Gooding R.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGlossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank hybridized readily in the laboratory but hybridized females produced fewer offspring than did females that mated with their own kind. Most hybrid females were fertile when backcrossed to either G. p. palpalis or G. p. gambiensis but almost all hybrid males were sterile. About half of the backcross males were able to fertilize G. p. palpalis and G. p. gambiensis. By using an X chromosome marker gene, tan, evidence was obtained that the X chromosome is involved in hybrid male sterility, either through interaction with the Y chromosome or the autosomes of the other subspecies. There was no evidence for maternally inherited sterility factors of a type that confer unidirectional sterility on hybrid or backcross males.
COMPARISON OF A YELLOW FORM OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER), AND A GREEN FORM OF THE TOBACCO APHID, MYZUS NICOTIANAE BLACKMAN, COEXISTING ON GREENHOUSE POTATO IN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Boiteau Gilles , Lowery D.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA dark green aphid was isolated from a greenhouse colony of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in Fredericton, N.B. The green aphid was shown to conform taxonomically and biologically to the recently named species Myzus nicotianae Blackman, except for its rare production of alatae. It is reported for the first time on greenhouse-grown potato where its population development is similar to that of the yellow holocyclic M. persicae from the same colony. The vector efficiency of the green and yellow aphids for potato virus Y0 is similar. The yellow aphid tends to be more susceptible to insecticides than the green aphid. Myzus nicotianae was not found in aerial aphid samples taken in New Brunswick in 1967 and 1987.
AN UNUSUALLY COPIOUS PRODUCTION OF WEBBING BY A WILLOW-INHABITING SPIDER MITE, SCHIZOTETRANYCHUS SCHIZOPUS (ZACHER)
Authors: Duncan Robert , Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMassive quantities of webbing and overwintering eggs produced by Schizotetranychus schizopus (Zacher), covering the trunks of two willow trees growing near Radium Hot Springs, British Columbia, are reported. This was the most extensive concentration of overwintering eggs and webbing, produced by spider mites under natural conditions, known to the authors.
ADVERSE EFFECT OF FENOXYCARB ON REPRODUCTION BY THE CALIFORNIA FIVESPINED IPS,IPS PARACONFUSUSLANIER (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Chen N.-M. , Borden J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effects of fenoxycarb, ethyl[2-(p-phenoxyphenoxy)-ethyl]carbamate, an insect growth regulator with juvenile hormone activity, on reproduction inIps paraconfususLanier were investigated. Topical treatment of either females or both sexes of parent beetles with 50 μg of fenoxycarb per insect resulted in a significant reduction in hatching of eggs and numbers of progeny produced by beetles allowed to infest logs of ponderosa pine,Pinus ponderosaLaws. When pairs of beetles were allowed to attack logs that were surface-treated with fenoxycarb, the effects on reproduction at a dose of 100 μg/cm2of bark surface were comparable to those of a topical treatment at a dose of 50 μg per insect. However, at doses of 1000 or 10 000 μg/cm2the adverse effects included reductions in the length of egg galleries, fecundity (number of egg niches), and number of freshly laid eggs. Percentage reductions in progeny were 35.8, 82.5, and 95.7 for doses of 100, 1000, and 10 000 μg/cm2, respectively, if brood beetles were allowed to emerge from the logs. This study indicates that fenoxycarb acts as an effective chemosterilant onI.paraconfusus.
INFLUENCE OF WIND ON THE SPRING FLIGHT OF TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (OLIVIER) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN A SECOND-GROWTH CONIFEROUS FOREST
Authors: Salom S.M. , McLean J.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA mark–recapture study examined the spring flight dispersal of the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), in an even-aged second-growth coastal forest in British Columbia. Pheromone-baited traps were placed in circular traplines at distances from 5 to 500 m from a central release location to (1) examine the relationship between wind direction and beetle catches in traps arranged around the release point, and (2) evaluate beetle catch characteristics when distances to baited traps were varied. A total of 29 800 marked beetles were released in three experiments. Upwind flight was most strongly exhibited at 5 m, with an upwind trend at 25 m, and no consistent flight pattern at 100 m, when wind movement was significantly directed. When the closest attraction was 100 m from the release point, beetles were caught uniformly in all directions indicating that flight was non-directional with respect to wind, for light wind speeds. Catches at 500-m traps tended to be downwind, thus beetles capable of flying that distance were ones that were flying with the wind. Equal numbers of beetles were captured at 5, 25, and 100 m despite increased intertrap spacings of 8, 20, and 32 m, respectively. A higher proportion of beetles were captured at 100 m when close-range traps at 5 and 25 m were not present.