bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non-cytotoxic but ribonucleolytically specific ribotoxin variant: implication of tryptophan residues in the cytotoxicity of hirsutellin A
Authors: Herrero-Galán Elías , García-Ortega Lucía , Lacadena Javier , Martínez-del-Pozo Álvaro , Olmo Nieves , Gavilanes José G. , Oñaderra Mercedes 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Ribotoxins are a family of toxic proteins that exert a highly specific cleavage at the universally conserved sarcin/ricin loop (SRL) of the larger rRNA molecule. Before this ribonucleolytic action, passage through the cell membrane is a necessary step for ribotoxin internalization and the limiting factor for cytotoxicity. Although extensive knowledge of their ribonucleolytic activity and substrate recognition has been accumulated, little is known about the mechanisms of cell entry of ribotoxins. Hirsutellin A (HtA) is a recently described member of this family, which accommodates the main abilities of previously characterized ribotoxins into a shorter sequence, but exhibits some differences regarding membrane interaction properties. This work investigates the contribution of tryptophan (Trp) residues 71 and 78 to both endoribonucleolytic activity and cellular toxicity of this ribotoxin. Substitution mutants W71F and W78F, as well as the double mutant W71/78F, were obtained and assayed against isolated ribosomes, synthetic SRL, and human tumor cells. The results provide evidence that cell membrane passage and internalization, as well as substrate-specific recognition, require the participation of the region involving both Trp 71 and Trp 78. Additionally, the mutant W71/78F is the first non-cytotoxic but specific ribosome-cleaving ribotoxin mutant obtained to date.
Ubiquilins in the crosstalk among proteolytic pathways
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Brown Eric J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Protein degradation occurs through several distinct proteolytic pathways for membrane and cytosolic proteins. There is evidence that these processes are linked and that crosstalk among these major protein degradation pathways occurs. Ubiquilins, a family of ubiquitin-binding proteins, are involved in all protein degradation pathways. This minireview provides an overview of ubiquilin function in protein degradation and contrasts it with sequestosome-1 (p62), a protein that also has been implicated in multiple proteolytic pathways.
An optimization method in the Dirichlet problem for the wave equation
Authors: Kabanikhin Sergey I. , Bektemesov Maktagali A. , Nurseitov Daniyar B. , Krivorotko Olga I. , Alimova Anel N. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract.
A numerical method for solving the
Dirichlet problem for the wave equation in the two-dimensional space
is proposed. The problem is analyzed for ill-posedness
and a regularization algorithm is
constructed. The first stage in the regularization process consists
in the Fourier series expansion with respect to one of the variables
and passing to a finite sequence of Dirichlet problems for the wave
equation in the one-dimensional space. Each of the obtained
Dirichlet problems for the wave equation in the one-dimensional
space is reduced to the inverse problem with respect to a
certain direct (well-posed) problem. The degree of ill-posedness of
the inverse problem is analyzed based on the character of decreasing
of the singular values of the operator A. The numerical solution
of the inverse problem is reduced to minimizing the objective
functional . The results of
numerical calculations are presented.
Effect of various additives on mechanical properties of rice husk polypropylene (RHPP) composites
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Saini Manohar Singh , Kanungo Bikram Kishore , Sinha Shishir 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Abundantly available rice husk can be used with polypropylene for the development of thermoplastic composites. The present study deals with mechanical properties such as hardness and impact strength of rice husk polypropylene composites with the addition of talc, mica, CaCO3, wollastonite, and zirconium oxide. Maleic anhydride polypropylene was used as compatibilizer. Improvement in the hardness and impact strength of the composites was observed by the use of these additives. Possible applications of rice husk polypropylene composite are in building and automobile sectors.
Preparation of high molecular weight and elastic copolyester by reactive extrusion with diisocyanate compound for laser printing process
Authors: Roh Hyung-Jin , Kim Doe , Lee Dong-Ho , Yoon Keun-Byoung 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A branched copolyester was synthesized using dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]propane, ethylene glycol (EG) and 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2- ethylpropane-1,3-diol (trimethylol propane, TMP). The branched copolyester and p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) were melt extruded to enhance the melt viscosity and elasticity for use as a toner binder in the laser printing process. The effects of PPDI content on melt, thermal and rheological properties of the chain-extended copolyester were investigated. The melt flow index (MI) decreased with increasing amount of PPDI, due to a reaction between the hydroxyl chain end and isocyanate group. The storage modulus, loss modulus and complex viscosity of the chain extended copolyester were higher and the modified Cole-Cole plots revealed the chain extended copolyester to have higher elasticity than that of the branched copolyester. The chain extended copolyester exhibited suitable melt and rheological properties for applications as a toner binder in the laser printing processes.
Tribological performance of industrial polyamide-imide and its composite under different cooling conditions
Authors: Unal Huseyin , Kurt Mehmet , Mimaroglu Abdullah 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Polyamide-imide (PAI) polymer is a high-temperature resistant polymer, which is used as contact breaker material because of its high electrical insulation property. The working conditions of contact breakers arise from the wear and friction problem conditions of these materials. Therefore, the tribological behavior of PAI polymer is important. In this study, the friction and wear performance of pure PAI polymer and PAI composite [PAI+12% graphite+3% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)] were studied in two different cooling environmental conditions (with and without air cooling). Wear tests were carried out with the configuration of a polymer pin, on a rotating AISI 316 L stainless steel disc. Test conditions were atmospheric conditions, 50 N, 100 N, and 150 N loads and 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 m/s sliding speeds. For sliding without air cooling and sliding with air cooling, the results show that the coefficient of friction and wear rates for pure PAI and PAI+12% graphite+3% PTFE composite, slightly decrease and increase with the increase in applied load and sliding speed values, respectively. In addition, for the range of loads and sliding speeds of this study, low coefficients of friction and high specific wear rates are registered at sliding under air cooling conditions. Finally, the wear mechanism includes adhesive and abrasive processes.
A Role for siRNA in X-Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Menon Debashish U , Meller Victoria H 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Sex-chromosome dosage compensation requires selective identification of X chromatin. How this occurs is not fully understood. We show that small interfering RNA (siRNA) mutations enhance the lethality of Drosophila males deficient in X recognition and partially rescue females that inappropriately dosage-compensate. Our findings are consistent with a role for siRNA in selective recognition of X chromatin.
Biomechanical Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans Motility
Authors: Krajacic Predrag , Shen Xiaoning , Purohit Prashant K , Arratia Paulo , Lamitina Todd 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion is a stereotyped behavior that is ideal for genetic analysis. We integrated video microscopy, image analysis algorithms, and fluid mechanics principles to describe the C. elegans swim gait. Quantification of body shapes and external hydrodynamics and model-based estimates of biomechanics reveal that mutants affecting similar biological processes exhibit related patterns of biomechanical differences. Therefore, biomechanical profiling could be useful for predicting the function of previously unstudied motility genes.
A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial with Delayed-Release Cysteamine Bitartrate in Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Langman Craig B. , Greenbaum Larry A. , Sarwal Minnie , Grimm Paul , Niaudet Patrick , Deschênes Georges , Cornelissen Elisabeth , Morin Denis , Cochat Pierre , Matossian Debora , Gaillard Segolene , Bagger Mary Jo , Rioux Patrice 
Published: May 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Immediate-release cysteamine bitartrate (Cystagon; Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Canonsburg, PA) may prevent or delay kidney transplantation and other serious outcomes in patients with cystinosis, but has never been subjected to a prospective clinical trial. Cystagon efficacy requires strict lifelong dosing every 6 hours. Such a dosing schedule and Cystagon-associated side effects are often cited by patients as reasons for nonadherence.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This open-label, randomized, controlled, crossover trial was powered to show that a new delayed-release formulation of cysteamine bitartrate, RP103, taken every 12 hours, was noninferior to Cystagon for maintenance of white blood cell (WBC) cystine at levels associated with optimal outcomes in the disease.

Results
Forty-three patients were randomized. Using a mixed-effects statistical analysis model, the least-squares mean peak value of WBC cystine level was 0.62±0.05 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein after 12 hours under RP103 and 0.54±0.05 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein after 6 hours under Cystagon, a difference of 0.08±0.04 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein (95.8% confidence interval, 0–0.16). The average steady-state total daily dose of RP103 was 82% of the incoming steady-state total daily dose of Cystagon. There were three-fold more gastrointestinal side effects compared with using Cystagon.

Conclusions
A new delayed-release Q12H formulation of cysteamine bitartrate is not inferior to the Q6H formulation (Cystagon) in maintaining low WBC cystine levels in patients with cystinosis but at a lower total daily dose.
Evidence on the Association between Financial Restatements and Auditor Resignations
Authors: Huang Ying , Scholz Susan 
Published: May 2012

SYNOPSIS
Financial restatements have significant implications for auditor-client relationships. We estimate that a restatement increases the odds of an auditor resignation dramatically. Restatements involving fraud, reversing profit to loss, and those disclosed in press releases appear to drive the increased resignation likelihood. Furthermore, companies with relatively severe restatements are more likely to hire smaller auditors following a resignation. Collectively, these results are consistent with auditors interpreting restatements as an indication of increased client risk.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the text.
Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessment of health-related quality of life in cats with cardiac disease
Authors: Freeman Lisa M. , Rush John E. , Oyama Mark A. , MacDonald Kristin A. , Cunningham Suzanne M. , Bulmer Barret , MacGregor John M. , Laste Nancy J. , Malakoff Rebecca L. , Hall Daniel J. , Trafny Dennis J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To develop, validate, and evaluate a questionnaire (Cats’ Assessment Tool for Cardiac Health [CATCH] questionnaire) for assessing health-related quality of life in cats with cardiac disease.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—275 cats with cardiac disease.
Procedures—The questionnaire was developed on the basis of clinical signs of cardiac disease in cats. A CATCH score was calculated by summing responses to questionnaire items; possible scores ranged from 0 to 80. For questionnaire validation, owners of 75 cats were asked to complete the questionnaire (10 owners completed the questionnaire twice). Disease severity was assessed with the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) classification for cardiac disease. Following validation, the final questionnaire was administered to owners of the remaining 200 cats.
Results—Internal consistency of the questionnaire was good, and the CATCH score was significantly correlated with ISACHC classification. For owners that completed the questionnaire twice, scores were significantly correlated. During the second phase of the study, the CATCH score ranged from 0 to 74 (median, 7) and was significantly correlated with ISACHC classification.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that the CATCH questionnaire is a valid and reliable method for assessing health-related quality of life in cats with cardiac disease. Further research is warranted to test the tool's sensitivity to changes in medical treatment and its potential role as a clinical and research tool.
Effects of xylazine hydrochloride on hormonal, metabolic, and cardiorespiratory stress responses to lateral recumbency and claw trimming in dairy cows
Authors: Rizk Awad , Herdtweck Sarah , Meyer Henning , Offinger Jennifer , Zaghloul Adel , Rehage Juergen 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the hormonal, metabolic, and cardiorespiratory effects of xylazine hydrochloride on dairy cows undergoing lateral recumbency and claw trimming.
Design—Prospective crossover study.
Animals—6 healthy Holstein-Friesian cows.
Procedures—Cows were treated with xylazine (0.05 mg/kg [0.023 mg/lb], IM) or an equal volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution 15 minutes before being placed in lateral recumbency for claw trimming. As a third treatment, cows also received xylazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM) but underwent no further manipulation. At preset time intervals, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial blood pressure, diastolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), blood gas values, and plasma concentrations of cortisol, insulin, glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured, and signs of sedation and ruminal bloat were recorded.
Results—Saline solution treatment resulted in a temporary significant increase in SAP, diastolic arterial blood pressure, MAP, RR, and cortisol, lactate, and NEFA concentrations and a significant decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2). Xylazine treatment induced significant decreases in HR, RR, MAP, insulin and NEFA concentrations, and Sao2 and induced significant increases in glucose concentration. Compared with saline solution treatment, HR, RR, MAP, Sao2, and cortisol, lactate, and NEFA concentrations were significantly decreased with xylazine treatment. Xylazine treatment resulted in mild signs of sedation as well as clinically negligible ruminal bloat.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Xylazine administered in a low dose to cows preceding lateral recumbency for claw trimming decreased hormonal and metabolic stress responses, but augmented the respiratory depressive effect of lateral recumbency reflected by a decreased Pao and increased Paco2.
Mucosal immune response in newborn Holstein calves that had maternally derived antibodies and were vaccinated with an intranasal multivalent modified-live virus vaccine
Authors: Hill Kevin L. , Hunsaker Breck D. , Townsend Hugh G. , van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk Sylvia , Griebel Philip J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether maternally derived antibodies interfere with the mucosal immune response following intranasal (IN) vaccination of newborn calves with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine.
Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Animals—23 newborn Holstein bull calves.
Procedures—Calves received colostrum and were assigned to group A (unvaccinated control calves), group B (IN vaccination on day 0), or group C (IN vaccination on days 0 and 35). Serum and nasal secretion sample (NSS) titers of antibodies specific for bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 2; WBC counts; and NSS interferon concentrations were determined up to day 77.
Results—Calves had high serum titers of maternally derived antibodies specific for vaccine virus antigens on day 0. High IgA and low IgG titers were detected in NSSs on day 0; NSS titers of IgA decreased by day 5. Group B and C NSS IgA titers were significantly higher than those of group A on days 10 through 35; group C IgA titers increased after the second vaccination. Serum antibody titers decreased at a similar rate among groups of calves. Interferons were not detected in NSSs, and calves did not develop leukopenia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IN vaccination of newborn calves with high concentrations of virus-neutralizing antibodies increased NSS IgA titers but did not change serum antibody titers. Revaccination of group C calves on day 35 induced IgA production. Intranasal vaccination with a modified-live virus vaccine was effective in calves that had maternally derived antibodies.
Application of the Technology Acceptance Model to OCR-based CAPTCHA systems. Preliminary results
Authors: Łupkowski Paweł , Kleka Paweł 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This research investigates the applicability of F. Davis' Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to OCR-based CAPTCHAs involved in a free e-mail accounts registration process. The results provide preliminary evidence that the model may be a useful tool for research focused on acceptance of CAPTCHAs. The results are especially interesting when it comes to the concept of perceived usefulness and its direct relationship to the concept of attitude toward use. This relation indicates a new area of research for CAPTCHA developers interested in improving usability and accessibility of these systems.
Techniques of Nominal Data Analyses
Authors: Stanisz Andrzej , Broniatowska Elżbieta 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Several advanced techniques for statistical analysis of nominal data were discussed to show how interesting associations between examined variables can be obtained using correspondence analysis, logistic regression and log-linear models. All these techniques are introduced on the example of medical data connected with the patients being on the curative diet. The studied data concerns four nominal variables: breaking the diet, overcoming diseases requiring the curative diet, sex and age of patient. Applied analyses were used for searching which of factors mentioned above influence on breaking the diet. The most popular technique in this case, chi-squared test of independence, indicates that only the age and illnesses overcoming before are related with breaking the diet whereas the sex is factor which does not have any relationship with the diet breaking. However, the deeper analysis revealed that we can not omit this variable in our research. Application of more compound statistical methods show the importance of age and sex in breaking the curative diet in detail. Presented methodology can be successfully applied not only in medicine but to data coming from different branches of science as well.
Hawk Eye: A Logical Innovative Technology Use in Sports for Effective Decision Making
Authors: Bal Baljinder , Dureja Gaurav 
Published: May 2012

Hawk Eye: A Logical Innovative Technology Use in Sports for Effective Decision Making
The present study aims at explaining hawk eye technology in sports with regard to their latest trends in the sporting arena. This is one of the most commonly used technologies in the various sports. It has been put to a variety of uses, such as providing a way to collect interesting statistics, construct very suggestive visual representations of the game play and even helping viewers to better understand the umpiring decisions. The Hawk-eye is one such technology which is considered to be really top indentation in various sports. The necessary idea is to monitor the trajectory of the ball during the entire duration of play. We will see how the Hawk-eye technology successfully treats each of these issues and provides a robust system to be used in practice. The Hawk-eye system was developed as a replay system, originally for TV Broadcast coverage. We have thus seen that the Hawk-eye is a great innovation, which puts technology to good use in the field of sports. The international scenario of hawk eye has been discussed while analyzing the data of hawk eye software for reliable decision. The technology is used widely these days, in sports such as Tennis and Cricket. The accuracy which can be achieved with the use of the system is making the authorities think seriously about reducing the human error component involved in important decisions. Hawk eye (artificial judgement) is very excellent and superb decision making power as compared to human being (natural judgement). Hawk-Eye software team is already working on the implementing system for basketball, football, badminton and snooker.
Bibliography on birds of prey and owls in Slovakia. Part 3. Order Falconiformes, genus Falco
Authors: Uhrin Marcel , Danko Štefan , Latková Hana 
Published: May 2012

Bibliography on birds of prey and owls in Slovakia. Part 3. Order Falconiformes, genusFalcoThe aim of the bibliography is to provide a list of publications on raptors and owls of Slovakia. The first two parts focused on genera from order Accipitrifromes is followed now by the third part focused on genusFalco(order Falconiformes). In total 252 citations are listed - 116 (46.0%) scientific and research articles, 96 (38.1%) popular articles, 11 (4.4%) qualification papers, 21 (8.3%) conference abstracts and 8 (3.2%) reports or other papers. The register of species, objective index and the author register enable better overview.
Repair of pars interarticularis defect utilizing a pedicle and laminar screw construct: a new technique based on anatomical and biomechanical analysis
Authors: Patel Rakesh D. , Rosas Humberto G. , Steinmetz Michael P. , Anderson Paul A. 
Published: May 2012

Object
The theoretical advantage of pars interarticularis repair over spinal fusion to correct pars defects is that the treatment is a direct osteosynthesis that preserves motion at the involved functional spinal unit. Several techniques and constructs have been used to achieve greater rigidity, but these techniques may risk entry into the spinal canal, and adverse events are common. A pedicle and laminar screw construct placed entirely outside the spinal canal may offer greater stiffness and achieve higher pars defect healing rates. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically assess an intralaminar screw construct in cadaveric lumbar spines in comparison with other types of constructs typically used in pars repair and to quantify the sizes of screws that can be placed safely in both normal and spondylolytic vertebrae.

Methods
The L-4 and L-5 laminae in patients with spondylolysis and in controls who underwent CT (n = 41, each group) were measured by analysis of conventional axial CT images and multiplanar reformations constructed on a Vitrea workstation to determine the feasibility of translaminar fixation with a 4.5-mm-diameter screw. Biomechanical tests for torsion and flexion-extension were performed on 8 fresh human cadaveric lumbar spines before and after modeling for bilateral spondylolytic defects. Three pars repair techniques were tested at each level and in the following sequence: pedicle screw–cable, pedicle screw–rod–hook, and pedicle screw–intralaminar screw.

Results
The majority of laminae can accept 4.5 × 25-mm screws. The cable construct allowed the greatest motion and least stability across the defect in all biomechanical tests. The hook and laminar screw constructs performed similarly in all tests and exhibited no significant difference in stiffness.

Conclusions
A surgically placed intralaminar screw construct may be a safe and effective alternative to current pars repair methods.