bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium phosphate/poly(d,l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) composite bone substitute materials: evaluation of temporal degradation and bone ingrowth in a rat critical‐sized cranial defect
Authors: van de Watering Floor C. J. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. , Walboomers X. Frank , Jansen John A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to provide temporal information on material degradation and bone formation using composite (C) bone defect filler materials consisting of calcium phosphate cement (CaP) and poly(d,l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (20 or 30 wt%) in rat critical‐sized cranial defects.
Materials and methods: Critical‐sized bicortical cranial defects were created in 48 rats and CaP/PLGA cement composites were implanted for 4, 8 and 12 weeks (n=8).
Results: Histological analysis of the retrieved specimens revealed that implant degradation was significantly faster for C30% (remaining implant up to 89.4 ± 4.4% at 12 weeks) compared with C20% (remaining implant upto 94.8 ± 2.1% at 12 weeks), albeit that overall degradation was limited. Although bone formation was limited in both experimental groups (upto 685765.9 μm2 for C20% vs. 917603.3 μm2 for C30%), C30% showed a significant temporal increase of total bone formation. The percentage of defect bridging was comparable for C20% and C30% at all implantation periods (range 40 ± 25.5% at week 4 to 65 ± 20% at week 12 for C20%; range 51.8 ± 7.8% at week 4 to 70.5 ± 16.2% at week 12 for C30%).
Conclusion: The amount of PLGA‐microparticles in the CaP/PLGA cement composites demonstrated acceleration of material degradation, while bone formation was found not to be influenced. Further optimization of the composite material is necessary to increase control over degradation and tissue ingrowth.
To cite this article: van de Watering FCJ, van den Beucken JJJP, Walboomers XF, Jansen JA. Calcium phosphate/poly(d,l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) composite bone substitute materials: evaluation of temporal degradation and bone ingrowth in a rat critical‐sized cranial defect. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 151–159.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02218.x
Accuracy of implant casts generated with splinted and non‐splinted impression techniques for edentulous patients: an optical scanning study
Authors: Papaspyridakos Panos , Benic Goran I. , Hogsett Virginia Lea , White George Shelby , Lal Kunal , Gallucci German O. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground: The accuracy of implant casts generated with various impression techniques was mainly investigated in vitro resulting in limited clinical data.Purpose: (1) To compare the three‐dimensional (3‐D) accuracy of splinted and non‐splinted impression techniques to the control casts (verification jigs) that had been used for actual patient treatment; and (2) to determine the maximum level of clinically undetectable misfit. The null hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference in the accuracy of casts generated with different impression techniques.Materials and methods: The implant casts used for the prosthetic rehabilitation of 12 edentulous jaws with CAD/CAM zirconia, implant‐fixed complete dental prosthesis (IFCDP) were included in this study. Intraoral acrylic jigs were used to fabricate index casts. Splinted and non‐splinted, open‐tray techniques were used to generate two casts. Optical scanning acquisition of the x‐coordinates, y‐coordinates and z‐coordinates of the implant positions for each individual cast was performed. The “best fit” algorithm was used with computer software to superimpose the scanning datasets. Group I (n=12) included casts from the splinted impression technique vs. acrylic jig casts, and group II (n=12) included casts from non‐splinted technique vs. jig casts.Results: The paired t‐test and Wilcoxon's signed ranks test were used to compare the 3‐D discrepancies within and between groups I (splinted vs. jig) and II (non‐splinted vs. jig), respectively. Significant difference was found at the x‐axis, y‐axis and 3‐D between groups I and II (P<0.05), but not in the vertical z‐axis (P>0.05). Within subject, global 3‐D discrepancies between groups I and II were significantly different (P<0.05), corroborated by in vivo observations of clinical fit. Implant position in the arch affected the 3‐D accuracy of casts for both anterior and posterior implants (P<0.05).Conclusion: The splinted technique generated more accurate master casts than the non‐splinted technique for one‐piece IFCDPs in edentulous jaws and the null hypothesis was rejected. These clinical implications demonstrate improved accuracy of splinted impression techniques compared with the non‐splinted technique. For the external connection, the implant system used in this study, a 3‐D misfit ranging from 59 to 72 μm, may be considered the maximum discrepancy resulting in an acceptable clinical fit with one‐piece IFCDPs.
EAO summer camp: a facilitated sharing experience
Authors:   The EAO Junior Committee members, Jung Ronald E. , Kapos Theodoros , Nicol Ailsa , Nisand David , Palarie Victor , Payer Michael , Rocchietta Isabella , Schwarz Frank 
Published: June 2011

Aim: The purpose of the EAO summer camp was to create visions and ideas for future developments in the field of implant dentistry. An additional goal was the installation of a young, strong and enduring network for scientific exchange among participants.
Summer camp activity: Forty participants younger than 40 years of age, from 16 different European countries, discussed potential future developments of implant dentistry in a professionally moderated workshop. Participants worked in a competitive manner over 3 days in small teams on four topics: future teaching and education, surgery in 2030, prosthetics in 2030 and futuristic tissue development related to the field of implantology. Various innovative conference and moderation techniques were applied to achieve a maximum output from the creative potential present.
Results: Plenum consensus was obtained for several key factors potentially influencing future development in implant dentistry. In particular, teaching and education will be improved by the establishment of curriculum standards and novel teaching technologies. Surgery in 2030 will benefit from an improved cost‐effectiveness of new technologies and biomaterials. A more comprehensive knowledge on host susceptibility will have an impact on treatment planning and the predictability of implant therapy. A virtual patient concept and tissue engineering will influence Prosthodontics in 2030. Futuristic tissue development will set a “platinum standard” for tissue regeneration.
Summary: Visions on all four topics were generated and discussed intensively during the conference. “Future teaching and education” was voted unanimously as the winning team based on the presented ideas and the special interest this topic generated.The EAO Junior Committee members, Jung RE, Kapos T, Nicol A, Nisand D, Palarie V, Payer M, Rocchietta I, Schwarz F. EAO Summer Camp: a Facilitated sharing experience.  Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 257–260.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02221.x
Does bone mineral density influence the primary stability of dental implants? A systematic review
Authors: Marquezan Mariana , Osório Amanda , Sant'Anna Eduardo , Souza Margareth Maria , Maia Lucianne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of bone mineral density on the primary stability of dental implants.Material and methods: A search of health science databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE‐PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, LILACS) and grey literature was performed, including papers published until January 2011. The main key words used were “bone density” (MeSH/DeCS), “dental implant” (MeSH/DeCS), “implant stability”, “implant stability quotient”, “ISQ”, “resonance frequency analysis”, “RFA”, “Osstell”, “Periotest value”, “PTV”, “Periostest”, “insertion torque”, “placement torque”, “cutting torque”. The inclusion criteria comprised observational clinical studies performed in patients who received dental implants for rehabilitation; studies that evaluated the association between bone mineral density and implant primary stability; bone density assessment performed by measurement of Hounsfield units using cone beam computed tomography; and dental implant primary stability evaluated by ISQ value, PTV value or insertion torque measurement. The articles selected were carefully read and classified as low, moderate and high methodological quality, and data of interest were tabulated.Results: Ten articles met the inclusion criteria, but only seven were included because of overlapping patients. They were classified as low or moderate methodological quality and control of bias, and presented positive association between primary stability and bone density.Conclusions: There is a positive association between implant primary stability and bone mineral density of the receptor site. However, the methodological quality and control of bias of the studies should be improved to produce stronger evidences.To cite this article: Marquezan M, Osório A, Sant'Anna E, Souza MM, Maia L, Does bone mineral density influence the primary stability of dental implants? A systematic review. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 767–774. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02228.x
Serious Extravagance: Romance Writing in Seventeenth‐Century England
Authors: Zurcher Amelia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAlthough little recognized as such, the 17th century was a period of great energy and experimentation in British prose fiction, particularly romance. After a brief review of the criticism that has shaped our understanding of romance in the last few decades, this article considers some of the particular problems and tensions defining prose romance in its last great heyday, the Civil War and early Restoration period. French and English romance writers attributed to romance the capacity to be a more flexible and persuasive mode of historical writing than history itself, a storehouse of ‘examples’ both fictional and historical with which readers could devise a course through uncharted political and ethical terrain. At the same time, at this historical crisis point British writers conceded and sometimes took refuge in romance’s tendency (even as roman à clef) to work against figuration, resisting closure and interpretation.
The Use of Legal Concepts in A Cure for a Cuckold
Authors: Pettegree Jane 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecent research into the relationship between law and literature in early modern England has offered fresh insights into the ways in which legal culture helped to shape fictional narratives and representative strategies. Often combining fruitfully with gender criticism, this scholarship has produced readings of John Webster’s great tragedies, ‘The Duchess of Malfi’ and ‘The White Devil’, which have highlighted how the law might inhibit women’s freedom to act. In contrast, the comedy A Cure for a Cuckold (1624), which Webster co‐authored with William Rowley, sees men, women and children benefiting from legal tricks. This article discusses how legally informed criticism can make this play accessible to modern audiences, moving from earlier historicist explication of topical legal references to recent formalist investigations of the relationship between forensic narrative and theatrical representation. It is argued that even more attention should be paid to the historical conditions that shaped this play’s rich comic manoeuvres. In 1624, Parliament passed new legislation on usury and infanticide of relevance to themes of ‘using’ and child care featured in this play. Also in that year, the renewal of hostility with Spain led to renewed sympathy for maritime privateers. A Cure for a Cuckold shows how the law may be ‘redeemed’, transforming conventional legal approaches to piracy, usury and illegitimacy into fortuitous investment opportunities.
Physiological and psychological responses induced by expressing empathy with others
Authors: ONO Makiko , FUJITA Mizuho , YAMADA Shigeyuki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  To assess the physical and mental burdens associated with expressing empathy with another person's stress.Methods:  Nine female subjects listened to their partner's negative emotions aroused by a stress task (Stroop color‐word test) under two conditions. In the first, the subject reacted empathetically to their partner (“with empathy”); in the second, the subject offered no response (control). Electroencephalograms and skin temperature of the second finger were recorded during the test. Subjective stress was estimated using a visual analog scale, whereas the level of cognition was expressed on a five‐point ranking. Responses during and after expressions of empathy were examined by comparisons with control or by correlation.Results:  Sympathetic nerve tone increased under both conditions (i.e. the skin temperature of the second finger fell). Subjective stress was not recognized by the subject while listening “with empathy”, although it did increase significantly after the subject has listened “with empathy”. Subjective stress was not felt under the control conditions. Right temporal activity while listening showed a significantly positive correlation with the level of cognition of feeling the same emotion as the stressed partner, whereas bilateral frontal activity after listening was significantly negative correlated with the level of cognition of understanding the emotions of the stressed partner.Conclusion:  Expressing empathy with another person's negative emotion led to increased physiological activity and subjective stress. Physiological responses to empathy depended on cognition of the different subjective factors. Cognition of sharing negative emotions activated the right temporal region of the brain, whereas cognition of understanding negative emotions inhibited bilateral frontal activities.
Development Trajectories in the Biotechnology Industry: China versus Leading Countries
Authors: Chen Yantai , Luo Laijun , Zhang Yaguang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe present paper examines China's biotechnology industry from a global perspective and explores how its development trajectory differs from that of countries that are leaders in biotechnology. We draw on diverse data to demonstrate the unique development trajectory of the industry in China. China has benefited through targeted spin‐offs of R&D‐oriented foreign direct investment from developed countries driven by the effects of globalization, government‐encouraged collaboration between the domestic academia and industry, and the input of overseas returnees. Together with an increasing focus of the government and domestic enterprises on independent innovation, such developments have enabled China to catch up with the global biotechnology industry. However, its small scale and low capacity for commercializing innovations under China's current regulations and other barriers pose challenges for the development of the industry. Suggestions for the sustainable development of China's biotechnology industry are presented in this study.
Abraham in Islamic and Jewish Exegesis
Authors: Lowin Shari L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractJewish and Muslim exegetical narratives on the shared forefathers (known as midrash aggadah and al‐anbiyā ’/isrā’iliyyāt) have long been recognized as a meeting point of Judaism and Islam. Early studies of the forefathers, Abraham in particular, strove to ‘prove’ that much of what appeared in the Islamic exegetical materials derived from the traditions that predated Islam, mainly Judaism. More recent scholarship has abandoned such a reductionist approach for a more moderated view. Studies of the Jewish and Muslim exegetical material on Abraham show that while scholars continue to trace the historical development of the Muslim exegetical narratives, they also look to uncover the inner meaning of the narratives themselves. This article traces the shift from the purely reductionist treatment of the Muslim and Jewish exegetical narratives to the more nuanced approach, especially as it applies to Abraham. Four categories of Abrahamic motifs are singled out here: Abraham and his sacrifice of his son, Abraham and his relationship with Sarah, Abraham and his later visit to Ishmael, and narratives relating to Abraham’s birth and early life.
Universalism in Hinduism
Authors: Long Jeffery D 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOne of the distinctive features of Hinduism, especially modern Hinduism, is its emphasis on universalism. Also known as religious pluralism—and sometimes perennialism or the perennial philosophy—universalism can be defined maximally as the idea that all (and minimally as the idea that many) religions contain at least some measure of truth and lead their practitioners to God‐realization—that is, liberation or salvation as conceived in Hindu traditions. Known in contemporary Hindu thought as ‘the harmony of religions’ or ‘the equality of religions’ and prominently associated with the teachings of Ramakrishna and Mahatma Gandhi, universalism is controversial. This article will explore the following dimensions of this doctrine and the controversies associated with it: Its conceptual and social foundations in ancient Hindu scriptures, philosophies, and practices; the process by which its modern formulations both emerge from and influence liberal Christian thought in dialog with Hinduism; criticisms of this doctrine by both Christians and Hindus; and recent attempts to reformulate this doctrine taking these criticisms and into account.
The Grammar of Eating and Drinking Verbs
Authors: Næss Åshild 
Published: June 2011

AbstractVerbs referring to acts of eating and drinking show a crosslinguistic tendency to behave in ways which distinguish them from other verbs in a language. Specifically, they tend to pattern like intransitive verbs in certain respects, even though they appear to conform to the definition of ‘prototypical transitive verbs’. The explanations which have been suggested for this behaviour fall into two main categories: those referring to telicity or Aktionsart, and those referring to the fact that such verbs describe acts which have ‘affected agents’, i.e. they have an effect on their agent as well as on their patient participant. The latter observation has further led to reexaminations of the notion of transitivity in general.
A Survey of Computational Semantics: Representation, Inference and Knowledge in Wide‐Coverage Text Understanding
Authors: Bos Johan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe aim of computational semantics is to capture the meaning of natural language expressions in representations suitable for performing inferences, in the service of understanding human language in written or spoken form. First‐order logic is a good starting point, both from the representation and inference point of view. But even if one makes the choice of first‐order logic as representation language, this is not enough: the computational semanticist needs to make further decisions on how to model events, tense, modal contexts, anaphora and plural entities. Semantic representations are usually built on top of a syntactic analysis, using unification, techniques from the lambda‐calculus or linear logic, to do the book‐keeping of variable naming. Inference has many potential applications in computational semantics. One way to implement inference is using algorithms from automated deduction dedicated to first‐order logic, such as theorem proving and model building. Theorem proving can help in finding contradictions or checking for new information. Finite model building can be seen as a complementary inference task to theorem proving, and it often makes sense to use both procedures in parallel. The models produced by model generators for texts not only show that the text is contradiction‐free; they also can be used for disambiguation tasks and linking interpretation with the real world. To make interesting inferences, often additional background knowledge is required (not expressed in the analysed text or speech parts). This can be derived (and turned into first‐order logic) from raw text, semi‐structured databases or large‐scale lexical databases such as WordNet. Promising future research directions of computational semantics are investigating alternative representation and inference methods (using weaker variants of first‐order logic, reasoning with defaults), and developing evaluation methods measuring the semantic adequacy of systems and formalisms.
Quality Comparison of Continuous Steam Sterilization Segmented‐Flow Aseptic Processing versus Conventional Canning of Whole and Sliced Mushrooms
Authors: Anderson N.M. , Walker P.N. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  This study was carried out to investigate segmented‐flow aseptic processing of particle foods. A pilot‐scale continuous steam sterilization unit capable of producing shelf stable aseptically processed whole and sliced mushrooms was developed. The system utilized pressurized steam as the heating medium to achieve high temperature‐short time processing conditions with high and uniform heat transfer that will enable static temperature penetration studies for process development. Segmented‐flow technology produced a narrower residence time distribution than pipe‐flow aseptic processing; thus, whole and sliced mushrooms were processed only as long as needed to achieve the target Fo = 7.0 min and were not overcooked. Continuous steam sterilization segmented‐flow aseptic processing produced shelf stable aseptically processed mushrooms of superior quality to conventionally canned mushrooms. When compared to conventionally canned mushrooms, aseptically processed yield (weight basis) increased 6.1% (SD = 2.9%) and 6.6% (SD = 2.2%), whiteness (L) improved 3.1% (SD = 1.9%) and 4.7% (SD = 0.7%), color difference (ΔE) improved 6.0% (SD = 1.3%) and 8.5% (SD = 1.5%), and texture improved 3.9% (SD = 1.7%) and 4.6% (SD = 4.2%), for whole and sliced mushrooms, respectively. Segmented‐flow aseptic processing eliminated a separate blanching step, eliminated the unnecessary packaging of water and promoted the use of bag‐in‐box and other versatile aseptic packaging methods.Practical Application:  Segmented‐flow aseptic processing is capable of producing shelf stable aseptically processed particle foods of superior quality to a conventionally canned product. This unique continuous steam sterilization process eliminates the need for a separate blanching step, reduces or eliminates the need for a liquid carrier, and promotes the use of bag‐in‐box and other versatile aseptic packaging methods.