bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oat‐based complex stimulates skin barrier protein synthesis and reduces skin ageing
Authors: Gafner Frank , Schweikert Kuno , Dell’Acqua Giorgio 
Published: August 2009

Citation: IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (3) 217–223Epidermal differentiation is crucial to guarantee a physiological cornification process. The cornified envelope is the final skin barrier which protects against external aggressions such as UV light and reduces water loss. Skin ageing is associated with decreased functionality of this barrier and reduced epidermal differentiation. We present a new bioactive complex for the stimulation of protein synthesis associated with cornified envelope and markers of epidermal differentiation. Composed of a hydrolyzed oat protein extract and particularly rich in glutamine and glutamic acid combined with ATP and niacinamide, 1% of this complex increases significantly the synthesis of proteins such as filaggrin, late envelope protein and small proline‐rich proteins, all markers of epidermal differentiation, in a reconstituted human skin model as measured by DNA array chip analysis, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. When a cream containing 3% of this bioactive complex was applied to the skin of 25 human volunteers, an increase in skin hydration of more than 60% after 14 days of application and a reduction of wrinkles and roughness by more than 50% in 4 weeks were observed compared with a placebo cream. In conclusion, the bioactive complex stimulated synthesis of proteins which are important for epidermal differentiation and skin barrier function and was helpful in fighting skin ageing.Keywords:  Hydrolyzed oat protein extract, cornified envelope, filaggrin, small proline‐rich proteins, skin barrier, anti‐ageing
Matrix proteins of the papillary dermis – primary targets of intrinsic dermal ageing?
Authors: Boudier David , Dubreuil Valérie , Marchand Laetitia , Guichard Nathalie , Closs Brigitte 
Published: August 2009

Citation: IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (3) 225–229The dermis is considered a highly dynamic structure that determines the biomechanical properties of the skin. It is composed of two dermal compartments separated by a vascular plexus: the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. In the last few years, several studies have demonstrated the role of the dermal epidermal junction in the cutaneous ageing process. Recently, teams specialized in the study of the dermal matrix have focused their studies on the superior dermis in close contact with the dermal epidermal junction: the papillary dermis. They defined the role of matrix proteins in this area. Collagens XII and XVI, non‐fibrillar collagens specific to the papillary dermis, are responsible for skin deformability and extensibility. Oxytalan fibres are related to elastic properties of the skin. Ubiquitous collagens such as collagens I and VI are associated with the cohesion and the resistance of the dermis. As the papillary dermis is the primary site of intrinsic dermal ageing, we studied expression of these molecules in our own in vitro model of intrinsic ageing of the papillary dermis. The results of this innovative approach confirmed that their expression was reduced. Nevertheless, active molecules may exist in nature that are capable of restoring a normal expression profile of these markers for a cosmetic anti‐ageing application.Keywords:  Anti‐ageing, papillary dermis, collagens XVI and XII, oxytalan fibres
J. Cosmet. Sci., 59, 399–418 (September/October 2008) A study of the chemical composition of traditional eye cosmetics (‘kohls’) used in Qatar and Yemen
Authors: Hardy A. D. , Farrant A. J. , Rollinson G. , Barss P. , Vaishnav R. 
Published: August 2009

SynopsisThis study looks at the chemical composition of traditional eye cosmetics (‘kohls’) used in Qatar and Yemen. Of especial interest was how many samples in each country contain the toxic element lead. In Qatar 19 observably different kohl samples were obtained, and in Yemen ten such samples obtained. The analytical techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were used to study the samples. For the samples from Qatar, six of the 19 (32%) contained galena (lead sulfide, PbS)—all as the main component. However, for the samples from Yemen, five of the ten (50%) samples contained galena as the main component, with another three having it present as a minor component. Overall, the other main components were found to be: amorphous carbon (3), iron oxides (hematite, Fe2O3; and goethite, FeO(OH)) (1), quartz (SiO2) (1), sassolite (H3BO3) (5), talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) (1), and zincite (ZnO) (7).
J. Cosmet. Sci., 59, 441–448 (September/October 2008) Simultaneous determination of heavy metals in cosmetic products
Authors: Lee S.‐M. , Jeong H.‐J. , Chang I. S. 
Published: August 2009

SynopsisAn extremely small amount of several heavy metals have been detected in cosmetic products as impurities, which can cause skin allergies through percutaneous adsorption on the skin. We present here a fast, accurate, and highly sensitive method for simultaneous determination of Pb2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ in coloring agents and cosmetic products, to be evaluated by ion chromatography. All of these metals are well separated through a bifunctional ion‐exchange column (IonPac CS5A) and detected by post‐column reaction and spectrophotometric detection. The calibration graphs are linear (r2 > 0.999), in the range 0.1–1000 μg ml‐1. Detection limits for a 200‐μl sample solution are at the μg L‐1 level, which is sufficient for judging whether the product is safe or not. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time and the peak area are less than 0.21 and 1.24%, respectively. The recovery rates are 97–104%. The result shows that the proposed determination method is more sensitive, more accurate, and faster than current methods such as HPLC, ICP‐MS and Flame‐AAS. The new method was applied to analyse the amount of heavy metals contained in 22 cosmetic products and 11 coloring agents.
Burrow architecture and digging activity in the Cape dune mole rat
Authors: Thomas H. G. , Bateman P. W. , Le Comber S. C. , Bennett N. C. , Elwood R. W. , Scantlebury M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhile females are traditionally thought to invest more time and energy into parental care than males, males often invest more resources into searching and displaying for mates, obtaining mates and in male–male conflict. Solitary subterranean mammals perform these activities in a particularly challenging niche, necessitating energetically expensive burrowing to both search for mates and forage for food. This restriction presumably affects males more than females as the former are thought to dig longer tunnels that cover greater distances to search for females. We excavated burrow systems of male and female Cape dune mole rats Bathyergus suillus the, largest truly subterranean mammal, to investigate whether male burrows differ from those of females in ways that reflect mate searching by males. We consider burrow architecture (length, internal dimensions, fractal dimension of tunnel systems, number of nesting chambers and mole mounds on the surface) in relation to mating strategy. Males excavated significantly longer burrow systems with higher fractal dimensions and larger burrow areas than females. Male burrow systems were also significantly farther from one another than females were from other females' burrow systems. However, no sex differences were evident in tunnel cross‐sectional area, mass of soil excavated per mound, number of mounds produced per unit burrow length or mass of soil excavated per burrow system. Hence, while males may use their habitat differently from females, they do not appear to differ in the dimensions of the tunnels they create. Thus, exploration and use of the habitat differs between the sexes, which may be a consequence of sex differences in mating behaviour and greater demands for food.
Acute Hemiplegia in Childhood
Authors: BAX MARTIN 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYThis article briefly reviews our present knowledge of acute hemiplegia in children, which was recently the subject of a Study Group held at Clevedon, Somerset, for the National Spastics Society. An account of these discussions is to be published as a Little Club Clinic in Developmental Medicine.An outline is here given of the nomenclature of acute infantile hemiplegia, its incidence, clinical picture and course, the aetiology, and the results of investigations. Detailed recommendations are made regarding the treatment of the acute episode.RÉSUMÉHémiplégie aiguë dans VenfanceCet article fait brièvement le point de nos connaissances actuelles sur Ľhémiplégie aiguë chez Ľenfant, cet état ayant été récemment le sujet ďune symposium tenu à Clevedon, Somerset, par le Groupement de Recherches Pédiatriques de la National Spastics Society.On donne une vue ďensemble de la nomenclature des incidences du tableau clinique et de Ľévolution, de Ľétiologie, des résultats de diverses investigations et des recommandations détaillées en ce qui concerne le traitement.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAkute Hemiplegie im KindesalterDieser Artikel bespricht kurz unsere hentigen Kenntnisse betreffs akuter Hemiplegie bei Kindern, ein Zustand, der vor kurzem das Thema einer in Clevedon, Somerset, von der Verbindung für Pädiatrische Forschungen der ‘National Spastics Society’ abgehaltenen Sitzung war.Es wird ein Überblick üer Nomenklatur, Inzidenz, klinisches Bild und Verlauf, Ätiologie und Resultate der Prüfungerv gegeben und ausführliche Empfehlungen hinsichtlich der Therapie werden gemacht.
The Study of Imbecile Behaviour
Authors: CLARKE ANN M. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYThis article attempts to give a brief global picture of current psychological research in the investigation and modification of imbecile behaviour.Starting with the assumption that an increasing number of congenitally severely handicapped individuals are surviving, attention is focused on three main areas of research into their social adjustment:

the severely subnormal in their own homes;
the problem of the best methods of caring for those who must be removed to institutions;
the education and training of imbeciles, viewed from the point of view (a) of occupation and training centres and (b) of experimental investigations in more controlled conditions.

It is concluded that this is a rewarding field of investigation in which only a minimal amount of established fact is available. Already, however, it appears that considerably more can be done for the severely subnormal than formerly thought.RÉSUMÉEtude du comportement de &imbécileOn trouvera dans cet article un tableau bref et global tendant à présenter les découvertes psychologiques actuelles relatives àĽétude et aux modifications du comportement de Ľimbécile.Tenant compte du fait qu'il y a de plus en plus de survivants parmi les êtres atteints ďinfirmités congénitales graves, Ľauteur concentre son attention sur trois principaux secteurs de recherches touchant à leur adaptation sociale:

les grands déficients mentaux dans leur famille;
le problème des meilleurs méthodes de soins à appliquer à ceux qui doivent être placés dans des institutions;
Ľ éducation et la formation des imbéciles considérées du double point de vue (a) des centres ďoccupation et de formation; (b) des recherches expérimentales dans des conditions plus rigoureuses.

Ľauteur conclut qu'il s'agit ďun terrain ďinvestigation ‘payant’ pour lequel cependant on ne dispose que de très peu de données. Toutefois, dès a présent, il apparaît que Ľon peut faire bien davantage pour les enfants gravements déficients qu'on ne le pensait naguère.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGStudium des Verhaltens des ImbezillesIn diesem Artikel wird versucht, ein kurzes und globales Bild der heutigen psycho‐logischen Forschungen über die Untersuchungen und die Veränderungen des Verhaltens des Imbezilles zu geben.Der Autor geht von der Voraussetzung ab, dass es immer mehr Überlebende unter den Kranken mit angeborenen schweren Defekten gibt, und lenkt seine Aufmerksamkeit auf drei hauptsächliche Forschungsgebiete, betreffs ihrer sozialen Anpassung:

Die Kranken mit schweren Schwachsinnsformen in ihrer Familie.
Das Problem der besten Pflegemethoden fur diejenigen, die in Anstalten untergebracht werden müssen.
Die Erziehung und Ausbildung der Imbezille vom Gesichtspunkt (a) der Beschäftigungs‐ und Ausbildungszentren, (b) der experimentalen Untersuchungen in den genauesten Bedingungen.

Der Autor schliesst, dass hier ein lohnendes Forschungsgebiet ist, in dem man aber nur über sehr wenige feste Tatsachen verfügt. Jedoch, schon jetzt erscheint es, dass man viel mehr für die schwer abnormen Kinder tun kann, als man früher glaubte.
Homo‐ and heterodimerization of ROCO kinases: LRRK2 kinase inhibition by the LRRK2 ROCO fragment
Authors: Klein Christian L. , Rovelli Giorgio , Springer Wolfdieter , Schall Christoph , Gasser Thomas , Kahle Philipp J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMutations in the gene encoding leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of autosomal‐dominant familial and late‐onset sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2 is a large multi‐domain protein featuring a GTP‐binding C‐terminal of Ras of complex proteins (ROC) (ROCO) domain combination unique for the ROCO protein family, directly followed by a kinase domain. Dimerization is a well‐established phenomenon among protein kinases. Here, we confirm LRRK2 self‐interaction, and provide evidence for general homo‐ and heterodimerization potential among the ROCO kinase family (LRRK2, LRRK1, and death‐associated protein kinase 1). The ROCO domain was critically, though not exclusively involved in dimerization, as a LRRK2 deletion mutant lacking the ROCO domain retained dimeric properties. GTP binding did not appear to influence ROCOLRRK2 self‐interaction. Interestingly, ROCOLRRK2 fragments exerted an inhibitory effect on both wild‐type and the elevated G2019S LRRK2 autophosphorylation activity. Insertion of PD mutations into ROCOLRRK2 reduced self‐interaction and led to a reduction of LRRK2 kinase inhibition. Collectively, these results suggest a functional link between ROCO interactions and kinase activity of wild‐type and mutant LRRK2. Importantly, our finding of ROCOLRRK2 fragment‐mediated LRRK2 kinase inhibition offers a novel lead for drug design and thus might have important implications for new therapeutic avenues in PD.
Context‐dependent IL‐6 potentiation of interferon‐ gamma‐induced IL‐12 secretion and CD40 expression in murine microglia
Authors: Lin Hsiao‐Wen , Levison Steven W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is produced by neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and elevated levels of IL‐6 within the CNS have been documented in multiple neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, epilepsy, attention deficit disorder, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. Here, we sought to understand how IL‐6 regulates microglial signal transduction and their immune properties. Using highly enriched cultures of neonatal murine microglia we show that IL‐6 alone has direct effects on microglia as it activates STAT3 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathways in a time‐ and dose‐dependent fashion and it enhances interferon‐gamma (IFNγ)‐stimulated IL‐12 secretion. However, other immune properties were only weakly modulated by IL‐6 when administered without the soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R). For instance, IFNγ‐induced expression of the co‐stimulatory molecule, CD40 was dependent on sIL‐6R administration. IL‐6 with or without sIL‐6R did not affect major histocompatability complex class II expression. In granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GMCSF)‐induced dendritic cell‐like microglia, IL‐6/sIL‐6R and IFNγ stimulated an even greater increase in CD40 expression compared with primary microglia. Altogether, our results demonstrate that microglial responses to IL‐6 are not simple in that the effects of IL‐6 are context‐dependent. In particular, the presence or absence of sIL‐6R, IFNγ or GMCSF will alter the type and amplitude of their response.
Cationic amino acid transporter 1‐mediated l‐arginine transport at the inner blood–retinal barrier
Authors: Tomi Masatoshi , Kitade Naohisa , Hirose Shirou , Yokota Noriko , Akanuma Shin‐ichi , Tachikawa Masanori , Hosoya Ken‐ichi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the transporter mediating l‐arginine transport at the inner blood–retinal barrier (BRB). The apparent uptake clearance of [3H]l‐arginine into the rat retina was found to be 118 μL/(min·g retina), supporting a carrier‐mediated influx transport of l‐arginine at the BRB. [3H]l‐Arginine uptake by a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line (TR‐iBRB2 cells), used as an in vitro model of the inner BRB, was primarily an Na+‐independent and saturable process with Michaelis‐Menten constants of 11.2 μM and 530 μM. This process was inhibited by rat cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) 1‐specific small interfering RNA as well as substrates of CATs, l‐arginine, l‐lysine, and l‐ornithine. The expression of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) 1 mRNA was 25.9‐ and 796‐fold greater than that of CAT3 in TR‐iBRB2 and magnetically isolated rat retinal vascular endothelial cells, respectively. The expression of CAT1 protein was detected in TR‐iBRB2 cells and immunostaining of CAT1 was observed along the rat retinal capillaries. In conclusion, CAT1 is localized in retinal capillary endothelial cells and at least in part mediates l‐arginine transport at the inner BRB. This process seems to be closely involved in visual functions by supplying precursors of biologically important molecules like nitric oxide in the neural retina.
Long‐term prognostic role of coronary flow velocity reserve in patients with aortic valve stenosis – insights from the SZEGED Study
Authors: Nemes Attila , Balázs Erika , Csanády Miklós , Forster Tamás 
Published: August 2009

SummaryIntroduction:  Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) is markedly reduced in severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). Independent prognostic value of pulsed‐wave Doppler echocardiography‐derived CFR was seen in a variety of diseases. However, the prognostic significance of CFR by pulsed‐wave Doppler echocardiography has never been evaluated in patients with AS.Methods:  A total of 49 AS patients (mean age: 63 ± 9 years, 26 men) were enrolled in this prospective follow‐up study; they all had undergone standard transthoracic Doppler‐echo study, coronary angiography and dipyridamole stress transoesophageal echocardiography as CFR measurement.Results:  During a mean follow‐up of 82 ± 38 months, 18 patients suffered cardiovascular death and one patient had non‐fatal stroke. Other two patients underwent reoperation of dysfunctional prosthetic aortic valve. Using receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis, CFR <2·13 had the highest accuracy in predicting cardiovascular outcome (sensitivity 90%, specificity 46%, area under the curve 66%, P = 0·02). By univariable analysis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, presence of coronary artery disease and lower CFR were significant predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Multivariable regression analysis showed that only lower CFR [hazard ratio (HR) 1·67, 95% CI of HR: 1·05–4·29, P < 0·05] was independent predictor of cardiovascular outcome.Discussion:  Long‐term prognostic significance of CFR for prediction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been demonstrated during a 9‐year follow‐up in patients with AS. Despite a relatively small number of patients were followed, CFR was found to be an independent predictor for future cardiovascular events in AS patients.
Comparative geometric and radiometric evaluation of mobile phone and still video cameras
Authors: Akca Devrim , Gruen Armin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the potential of mobile phones to be used as front‐end sensors for photogrammetric procedures and applications. For this purpose, two mobile phone cameras (Sony Ericsson K750i and Nokia N93) were calibrated over an indoor 3D testfield, using a self‐calibrating bundle adjustment. Geometric accuracy tests were carried out in order to evaluate their metric performances and to compare the results with respect to two off‐the‐shelf digital still video cameras (Sony DSC W100 and Sony DSC F828). The geometric accuracy evaluation comprised an absolute accuracy test, JPEG test and temporal stability test. The radiometric capabilities of all cameras (except that the DSC W100 was replaced with a DSC T100 camera) were also evaluated and compared by carrying out modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis, image noise analysis and an operating range test. Substantial systematic errors were diagnosed in some systems. However, with proper calibration it is believed that these devices can be used for many photogrammetric tasks.
Implementation of ISBT 128 in China
Authors: Kong Changhong , Meng Zhonghua , Lv Hangjun , Yan Lixing , Zheng Xiaofan 
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: In 2001, the blood collection agencies of Zhejiang Province adopted a unified information system, but when a blood product was transferred from the collection and processing facility inventory to some other inventories, because of lacking the unique identifying ability between facilities, the numbers might be overlapped. The exchange of blood units between agencies needed change of labels, and it was very complicated. The SARS outbreak in 2003 made this problem more prominent. Therefore, we decided to redevelop a new information system based on ISBT 128 to solve this problem.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We registered with ICCBBA and obtained the technical documentation and database. We requested the new product description code from ICCBBA and properly adjusted the incompatibility between ISBT 128 and the national standards. We redesigned the information system and labels and validated some related equipment and the laboratory information system.RESULTS: In May 2005, we completed the development of the new information system based on ISBT 128, and by the end of 2005, all the blood collection agencies of the Zhejiang Province began to use ISBT 128. As a result, the product information in blood collection agencies of Zhejiang Province can be shared, and the exchange of blood products between agencies became safe and rapid. It was highly praised by the nation's Ministry of Health.CONCLUSIONS: ISBT 128 was successfully implemented in Zhejiang Province.
Solutions to the Asset Allocation Problem by Informed Respondents: The Significance of the Size‐of‐Bet and the 1/N Heuristic
Authors: Clark Gordon L. , Caerlewy‐Smith Emiko , Marshall John C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAsset allocation is a classic topic in the theory of finance and a crucial issue for investment policy. Noted for its significance in driving pension fund performance, it is also an issue that individual investors consider when designing their investment portfolios. In theory, Markowitz and those following in his wake have an optimal solution. In practice, however, we show that when asked to allocate their own money to a set of asset classes (from relatively low risk to high risk) in an experimental situation, most of our informed respondents would vary their investment strategies according to the size‐of‐bet (the money value of assets to be invested). We also show that most participants in the study adopted one of three solutions to the posed problem only one of which could be thought consistent with Benartzi and Thaler's 1/n heuristic. Since respondent solutions do not seem to be explained by formal education, professional qualifications, or training, it is suggested that solutions to the asset allocation problem are a product of strategies that mix intuitive responses to the initial tranche of money with theoretical cum practical shared conventions. Solutions to the asset allocation puzzle suggest that the size‐of‐bet could be a significant consideration for many informed investors. In conclusion, suggestions are made about taking forward closer scrutiny of these experimental results.