bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of a Bisglycosyl Kaempferol from Fagonia taeckholmiana.
Authors: Liu Qingchao , Li Wenhong , Guo Tiantian , Li Dong , Fan Zhen , Yan Suihong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the title compound (VII) from kaempferol derivative (I) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparations of Anthraquinone and Naphthoquinone Derivatives and Their Cytotoxic Effects.
Authors: Cui Xing‐Ri , Saito Ryota , Kubo Takatsugu , Kon Daijiro , Hirano Yuich , Saito Setsuo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSynthesis and biological evaluation of chrysophanol and menadione derivatives are described.
ChemInform Abstract: MIL‐101 Supported Polyoxometalates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications in Selective Liquid‐Phase Oxidation
Authors: Maksimchuk Nataliya V. , Kholdeeva Oxana A. , Kovalenko Konstantin A. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractReview: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: J‐Aggregates: From Serendipitous Discovery to Supramolecular Engineering of Functional Dye Materials.
Authors: Wuerthner Frank , Kaiser Theo E. , Saha‐Moeller Chantu R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractReview: major classes of colorants forming J‐aggregates, supramolecular construction principles, optical properties, perspectives for applications; ca. 350 refs.
Structural and conformational features relevant to the anti‐tumor activity of calicheamicin γ
Authors: Ellestad George A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe structural and conformational features of the potent 10‐membered enediyne‐containing calicheamicin γ that account for its remarkable DNA site‐specific binding and cleavage are reviewed. A variety of spectroscopic and biophysical techniques were used to gain insight into the binding and stereospecific DNA cleavage of this potent antitumor agent. These include gel‐shift cleavage assays, atom transfer NMR experiments, drug‐DNA conformational studies, circular dichroism, and capillary electrophoresis. Computational descriptions are described for the DNA binding and cleavage of calicheamicin and its activated transient intermediates based on density functional and molecular mechanics calculations. In addition, the structure and clinical utility of calicheamicin immunoconjugates for antibody‐targeted chemotherapy is presented. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Glutarimide Alkaloids Cordiarimides A, B, Crotonimides A, B, and Julocrotine
Authors: Teng Bo , Zheng Jianfeng , Huang Huiying , Huang Peiqiang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFive glutarimide alkaloids cordiarimide A (5), cordiarimide B (6), crotonimide A (3), crotonimide B (4), and julocrotine (2) have been synthesized starting from Boc‐L‐glutamine (7). The benzylic alcohol chiral centre of cordiarimides B (6) has been established in 6:1 diastereoselectivity by catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation using Zhou's catalytic system Pd(CF3CO2)2/(R,R)‐Me‐DuPhos.
A Concise Synthesis of the HCV Protease Inhibitor BILN 2061 and Its P3 Modified Analogs
Authors: Liu Dejun , Dong Jingchao , Yin Yunxing , Ma Rujian , Shi Yifeng , Wu Hao , Chen Shuhui , Li Ge 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA concise synthesis of BILN 2061 was achieved through more efficient installation of P2 4‐quinoline moiety via SN2 displacement of the β‐OBs group located on the 4‐hydroxyl proline intermediate, which was prepared from 4‐α‐hydroxyl proline analog via Mitsunobu reaction with inversion of stereochemistry. In addition, a short and practical synthesis for P3 unit is also described herein. Final assembly of four fragments for BILN 2061 was achieved with an overall yield of 58% in 4 steps from P1 to 15a. Furthermore several analogs of BILN 2061 (WX‐1–WX‐5) containing modifications on P3 unit were synthesized successfully using the same synthetic route as described for the parent inhibitor BILN 2061.
Measurement error modeling and nutritional epidemiology association analyses
Authors: Prentice Ross L. , Huang Ying 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article summarizes the results of a Nutrient Biomarker Study in the Women's Health Initiative, and its application to studies of the association between energy and protein consumption and the risk of major cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The presentation emphasizes measurement error modeling and related data analysis methods, since addressing measurement issues appears to be central to these topics and to progress in nutritional epidemiology more generally. The manner in which body mass index is modeled in disease association analysis is particularly challenging, since it could serve as a mediator or as a confounder of the association, and at the same time contributes valuably to energy and protein consumption assessment. A hazard ratio parameter estimation procedure that acknowledges body mass index as a possible mediating variable is described and applied. Some aspects of the future nutritional epidemiology research agenda are briefly discussed, including an ongoing human feeding study to develop biomarkers for additional dietary components. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 498–509; 2011 © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada
Submembranous septins as relatively stable components of actin‐based membrane skeleton
Authors: Hagiwara Akari , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Hikawa Rie , Morone Nobuhiro , Kusumi Akihiro , Kimura Hiroshi , Kinoshita Makoto 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe cell cortex is organized by the dynamic interplay between the plasma membrane, membrane proteins, and the cytoskeleton. Despite the cortical localization of septin heteropolymers in vivo and their direct interaction with phospholipid membranes in vitro, their behavior and roles remain elusive. This study characterizes the major cortical septin assembly found in mammalian tissue culture cells by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis. GFP‐tagged septin subunits, which colocalized with cortical actin, exhibited slower turnover than some other cortical proteins that were analyzed (e.g., actin, syntaxin‐1A and a glutamate aspartate transporter [GLAST]). Perturbation of actin turnover by cytochalasin D or jasplakinolide retarded the cortical septin turnover, while septin depletion by RNAi did not recognizably affect cortical actin turnover. These phenomena are compatibly interpreted by septins' selective association with a subset of actin‐based membrane skeleton, as revealed by rapid‐freeze deep‐etch immuno‐replica electron microscopy. We applied the assay system to test septins' presumptive scaffold function on their physiological binding partners. Septin filament destabilization by RNAi‐mediated subunit depletion facilitated the turnover of GLAST, depending on the carboxyl‐terminal 29 residues, while a septin filament‐stabilizing drug forchlorfenuron restrained more GLAST in the unexchangeable fraction. These data indicate that cortical septin heteropolymers are components of the actin‐based membrane skeleton providing scaffolds for their interacting partners probably by impeding their lateral diffusion. We predict that diverse submembranous septin clusters found in vivo may serve as scaffolds or reserve pools for specific membrane‐bound proteins. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Derivatives of Benzimidazol‐2‐ylquinoline and Benzimidazol‐2‐ylisoquinoline as Selective A1 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists with Stimulant Activity on Human Colon Motility
Authors: Cosimelli Barbara , Taliani Sabrina , Greco Giovanni , Novellino Ettore , Sala Annalisa , Severi Elda , Da Settimo Federico , La Motta Concettina , Pugliesi Isabella , Antonioli Luca , Fornai Matteo , Colucci Rocchina , Blandizzi Corrado , Daniele Simona , Trincavelli Maria Letizia , Martini Claudia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA number of quinolines and isoquinolines connected in various ways to a substituted benzimidazol‐2‐yl system were synthesized and evaluated as novel antagonists of adenosine receptors (ARs) by competition experiments using human A1, A2A, and A3 ARs. The new compounds were designed based on derivatives of 2‐(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)quinoxaline, previously reported as potent and selective antagonists of A1 and A3 ARs. Among these, 3‐[4‐(ethylthio)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]isoquinoline 4 b exhibited the best combination of potency toward the A1 AR (Ki=1.4 nM) and selectivity against the A2A (Ki>10 μm), A2B (Ki>10 μm), and A3 ARs (Ki>1 μM). Functional experiments in circular smooth muscle preparations of isolated human colon showed that 4 b behaves as a potent and selective antagonist of the A1 AR in the neuromuscular compartment of this intestinal region. Biological and pharmacological data suggest that 4 b is a suitable starting point for the development of novel agents endowed with stimulant properties on colonic activity.
Exploring racial differences in outcome and treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Polite Blase N. , Sing Amy , Sargent Daniel J. , Grothey Axel , Berlin Jordan , Kozloff Mark , Feng Shibao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer than whites and have shorter survival once they are diagnosed. In this analysis, the authors examined racial differences in clinical outcomes among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who received bevacizumab.METHODS:The study cohort consisted of 1589 white patients (81.4%) and 227 African American patients (11.6%) with mCRC who received front‐line bevacizumab therapy and who were enrolled in a large, predominantly community‐based, prospective, observational cohort study. Differences in time‐to‐event endpoints and response rates were examined by race. Differences in the incidence of baseline and treatment‐related toxicities associated with bevacizumab also were examined. Finally, differences in patterns of care by race were explored.RESULTS:The median overall survival was 22.6 months for African Americans and 22.9 months for whites, and the median progression‐free survival was 9.5 months for African Americans and 9.8 months for whites. Response rates (complete responses plus partial responses) were 37.5% for African Americans and 46.3% for whites (adjusted odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.50‐0.90). African Americans had higher rates of baseline diabetes (18.9% vs 11%; P = .002), higher rates of hypertension (52.9% vs 41.4%; P = .001), and worsening hypertension while on therapy (13.7% vs 8.9%; P = .02), but no differences in on‐treatment arterial thromboembolic events were observed.CONCLUSIONS:This large observational cohort study of patients with mCRC demonstrated that, when treated in a similar fashion with modern chemotherapy, African Americans and whites had equivalent cancer outcomes. No significant differences in bevacizumab‐related toxicity or patterns of care were observed between African Americans and whites. The lower response rate among African Americans deserves further study. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in breast tumors from African American compared with Caucasian women
Authors: Field Lori A. , Love Brad , Deyarmin Brenda , Hooke Jeffrey A. , Shriver Craig D. , Ellsworth Rachel E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Breast tumors from African American women have less favorable pathological characteristics and higher mortality rates than those of Caucasian women. Although socioeconomic status may influence prognosis, biological factors are also likely to contribute to tumor behavior.METHODS:Patients with invasive breast cancer were matched by age, grade, and estrogen receptor status; patients with benign disease were matched by age and diagnosis type. RNA from laser microdissected tumors and whole‐sectioned nonmalignant breast tissues was hybridized to HG U133A 2.0 microarrays. Data were analyzed using Partek Genomics Suite using a cutoff of P < .001, >1.5‐fold change, and results were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:Clinicopathological factors did not differ significantly between groups for age at diagnosis, tumor size or stage, lymph node or human epidermal growth receptor 2 status, intrinsic subtype, or mortality. Two‐way analysis of the tumor specimens revealed 25 probes representing 23 genes differentially expressed between populations; hierarchical clustering classified 24 of 26 African American women and 25 of 26 Caucasian women correctly. In the nonmalignant specimens, 15 probes representing 13 genes were differentially expressed, including 5 genes that also differed in the tumor specimens; these genes were able to correctly classify nonmalignant breast specimens from 20 of 22 of African American women and all of the Caucasian women.CONCLUSIONS:Despite matching of tumors by pathological characteristics, molecular profiles differed between African American women and Caucasian women in both invasive tumors and benign breast tissues. These differentially expressed genes, including CRYBB2, PSPHL, and SOS1, are involved in cellular growth and differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and immune response and thus may contribute to the poor outcome in African American women. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Developmental transcription factor EN1—a novel biomarker in human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma*
Authors: Bell Diana , Bell Achim , Roberts Dianna , Weber Randal S. , El‐Naggar Adel K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a rare and progressive salivary malignancy, is characterized by histogenetic, morphologic, and clinical heterogeneity. Extensive efforts to characterize the molecular events associated with these tumors have included the identification of biomarkers for prognostication and post‐therapy assessment. In a previous study of genome‐wide methylation screening, the authors of the current report identified a limited number of differentially methylated gene regions in ACC, and significant hypermethylation was observed at the transcriptional start sites of genes that encode for the transcription factor engrailed homeobox 1 (EN1). Clinicopathologic correlation analyses indicated that EN1 methylation status is correlated with histologic tumor grade, tumor location, and final patient outcome. To ascertain definitively whether aberrant EN1 expression accompanies human salivary ACC, the authors used an immunohistochemical technique to directly evaluate EN1 protein expression in ACC of the salivary gland. The data revealed increased EN1 protein expression in solid type ACC, which was correlated with a significantly lower survival rate. The current results validated EN1 as a potential biomarker in a large cohort of patients with salivary ACC. Immunohistochemical analysis of EN1 in biopsy specimens obtained for diagnostic purposes and/or surgically resected material may reveal that EN1 is a biologic predictor of poor prognosis in patients with salivary ACC. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Diversity, variability, and suboesophageal connectivity of antennal lobe neurons in D. melanogaster larvae
Authors: Thum A.S. , Leisibach B. , Gendre N. , Selcho M. , Stocker R.F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWhereas the “vertical” elements of the insect olfactory pathway, the olfactory receptor neurons and the projection neurons, have been studied in great detail, local interneurons providing “horizontal” connections in the antennal lobe were ignored for a long time. Recent studies in adult Drosophila demonstrate diverse roles for these neurons in the integration of odor information, consistent with the identification of a large variety of anatomical and neurochemical subtypes. Here we focus on the larval olfactory circuit of Drosophila, which is much reduced in terms of cell numbers. We show that the horizontal connectivity in the larval antennal lobe differs largely from its adult counterpart. Only one of the five anatomical types of neurons we describe is restricted to the antennal lobe and therefore fits the definition of a local interneuron. Interestingly, the four remaining subtypes innervate both the antennal lobe and the suboesophageal ganglion. In the latter, they may overlap with primary gustatory terminals and with arborizations of hugin cells, which are involved in feeding control. This circuitry suggests special links between smell and taste, which may reflect the chemosensory constraints of a crawling and burrowing lifestyle. We also demonstrate that many of the neurons we describe exhibit highly variable trajectories and arborizations, especially in the suboesophageal ganglion. Together with reports from adult Drosophila, these data suggest that wiring variability may be another principle of insect brain organization, in parallel with stereotypy. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3415–3432, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Migration of neuronal precursors from the telencephalic ventricular zone into the olfactory bulb in adult zebrafish
Authors: Kishimoto Norihito , Alfaro‐Cervello Clara , Shimizu Kohei , Asakawa Kazuhide , Urasaki Akihiro , Nonaka Shigenori , Kawakami Koichi , Garcia‐Verdugo Jose Manuel , Sawamoto Kazunobu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the brain of adult mammals, neuronal precursors are generated in the subventricular zone in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles and migrate into the olfactory bulbs (OBs) through a well‐studied route called the rostral migratory stream (RMS). Recent studies have revealed that a comparable neural stem cell niche is widely conserved at the ventricular wall of adult vertebrates. However, little is known about the migration route of neuronal precursors in nonmammalian adult brains. Here, we show that, in the adult zebrafish, a cluster of neuronal precursors generated in the telencephalic ventricular zone migrates into the OB via a route equivalent to the mammalian RMS. Unlike the mammalian RMS, these neuronal precursors are not surrounded by glial tubes, although radial glial cells with a single cilium lined the telencephalic ventricular wall, much as in embryonic and neonatal mammals. To observe the migrating neuronal precursors in living brain tissue, we established a brain hemisphere culture using a zebrafish line carrying a GFP transgene driven by the neurogenin1 (ngn1) promoter. In these fish, GFP was observed in the neuronal precursors migrating in the RMS, some of which were aligned with blood vessels. Numerous ngn1:gfp‐positive cells were observed migrating tangentially in the RMS‐like route medial to the OB. Taken together, our results suggest that the RMS in the adult zebrafish telencephalon is a functional migratory pathway. This is the first evidence for the tangential migration of neuronal precursors in a nonmammalian adult telencephalon. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3549–3565, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progenitor cell capacity of NeuroD1‐expressing globose basal cells in the mouse olfactory epithelium
Authors: Packard Adam , Giel‐Moloney Maryann , Leiter Andrew , Schwob James E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor NeuroD1 is expressed in embryonic and adult mouse olfactory epithelium (OE), as well as during epithelial regeneration, suggesting that it plays an important role in olfactory neurogenesis. We characterized NEUROD1‐expressing progenitors, determined their progeny in the adult OE, and identified a subtle phenotype in ΔNeuroD1‐knockout mice. All olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) derive from a NeuroD1‐expressing progenitor as shown by recombination‐mediated lineage tracing, as do other sensory receptors of the nose, including vomeronasal, nasal septal, and Grunenberg ganglion neurons. NEUROD1‐expressing cells are found among the globose basal cell population: they are actively proliferating and frequently coexpress Neurog1, but not the transit amplifying cell marker MASH1, nor the neuronal marker NCAM. As a consequence, NEUROD1‐expressing globose basal cells are best classified as immediate neuronal precursors. In adolescent ΔNeuroD1‐LacZ knock‐in null mice the OE displays subtle abnormalities, as compared to wildtype and heterozygous littermates. In some areas of the OE, mature neurons are absent, or sparse, although those same areas retain immature OSNs and LacZ‐expressing progenitors, albeit both of these populations are smaller than expected. Our results support the conclusion that most, if not all, nasal chemosensory neurons derive from NeuroD1‐expressing globose basal cells of the immediate neuronal precursor variety. Moreover, elimination of NeuroD1 by gene knockout, while it does not disrupt initial OSN differentiation, does compromise the integrity of parts of the olfactory epithelium by altering proliferation, neuronal differentiation, or neuronal survival there. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3580–3596, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of cytoskeleton proteins in neurons of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Duffy Kevin R. , Crowder Nathan A. , LeDue Emily E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe gross structure of neurons is supported by proteins that compose the cytoskeleton. Neurofilaments are intermediate cytoskeletal proteins that contribute to neuron structure and function, and three neurofilament subunits different in their molecular mass assemble to form heteropolymers that produce a structure‐providing intracellular scaffold. The light neurofilament subunit is obligatory and can assemble with either the medium or heavy subunit, indicating some degree of independence between subunits. The presence of the heavy subunit has been shown to be associated with mature cells and is linked to large neurons in the cerebral cortex and thalamus. Spectrin is a membrane‐associated actin‐binding protein that, like neurofilament, has been linked to neuron shape. In this study of the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) we examined whether labeling for neurofilament subunits and spectrin is linked to neuron size. We found that about one‐third of neurons contained a visible amount of labeling for each neurofilament subunit, and the bulk of these labeled cells were large in comparison to the general population of neurons. The distribution of neuron sizes was not different between neurofilament subunits, indicating that neurofilament subunit content is not determined by neuron size. Spectrin labeling was evident in most dLGN neurons, and was not related to the size of neurons. That reactivity for neurofilament was predominant in large cells led us to directly examine the relationship between neurofilament and interneurons. The large majority of neurofilament‐positive neurons did not contain GABA, indicating that neurofilament is predominant in projection cells and not in interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.