bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio food disorder: The conversational constitution of eating disorders in radio phone‐ins
Authors: Brooks Samantha 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper focusses on the discursive practices through which agency is constituted in accounts of disordered eating within a corpus of UK radio phone‐ins and discussions recorded between 2004–2007. Data includes a range of participants with eating disorders as well as various professionals and radio hosts. The paper focusses on how accountability for problematic eating behaviours is negotiated, focussing particularly on constructions of ‘illness’. Discursive psychology is drawn upon to explore the way ‘psychologising’ (producing psychological characteristics or dispositions) is done using technical or medical language; how the concept of ‘illness’ is made relevant and negotiated in talk using technical or lay psychological notions; and how constructions of ‘illness’ are fitted into narratives to reassign agency from the individual to the eating disorder. Analysis illustrates that participants frequently orient to behaviour in pathologised ways, thereby reducing their own accountability, but are still faced with a dilemma of moral blame as pathology is located within the individual. The analysis then demonstrates how this moral accountability is attended to by shifting agency from the person to the ‘disorder’, using various grammatical and metaphorical practices. This analysis is used to support a broader consideration of the way major eating disorders appear in an important public forum. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benefit of Microscopic Diffusion Measurement for the Characterization of Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Kärger J. , Caro J. , Cool P. , Coppens M.‐O. , Jones D. , Kapteijn F. , Rodríguez‐Reinoso F. , Stöcker M. , Theodorou D. , Vansant E. F. , Weitkamp J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDetailed knowledge of the transport properties of nanoporous materials is a prerequisite for their complete characterization and optimum technological exploitation. One of the best ways to attain this information is provided by the “microscopic” techniques of diffusion measurement, in particular by the pulsed field gradient technique of NMR and by interference microscopy and IR microscopy. Starting with the measuring principles, the various types of evidence as accessible by these techniques are illustrated. A large variety of host‐guest systems with both ordered and random pore networks have been studied, from microporous up to macroporous materials. The information obtained concerns diffusivities in the various pore domains, extra resistances at the interfaces between them and the associated exchange rates.
The benefits of adjuvant radiation therapy after therapeutic lymphadenectomy for clinically advanced, high‐risk, lymph node‐metastatic melanoma
Authors: Agrawal Shefali , Kane John M. , Guadagnolo Beverly A. , Kraybill William G. , Ballo Matthew T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) on regional recurrence and survival after therapeutic lymphadenectomy (TL) for clinically advanced, lymph node‐metastatic melanoma.METHODS:Six hundred fifteen patients who had clinically advanced, regional lymph node‐metastatic disease underwent TL. All patients were appropriate potential candidates for adjuvant RT (enlarged or multiple positive lymph nodes, extracapsular extension) because of a high risk for regional recurrence regardless of whether or not they received RT. Patient‐related, tumor‐related, and treatment‐related variables that were associated with recurrence, survival, and treatment‐related morbidity with and without RT were analyzed.RESULTS:The median follow‐up was 5 years. The actuarial 5‐year regional lymph node basin control rate was 81%. On multivariate analysis, the number of positive lymph nodes, the number of lymph nodes removed, and the use of adjuvant RT were associated with improved regional control. Treatment‐related morbidity, particularly lymphedema, was increased with the use of adjuvant RT and an inguinal site of lymph node metastases. At last follow‐up, 268 patients were alive with actuarial 5‐year distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates of 40% and 48%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, DMFS and DSS both were influenced by the number of positive lymph nodes and the number of lymph nodes removed. In addition, DSS was influenced by primary tumor thickness and the receipt of adjuvant RT.CONCLUSIONS:Adjuvant RT was associated with improved regional lymph node basin control compared with TL alone in patients with high‐risk, clinically advanced, lymph node‐metastatic melanoma. Although it is a regional therapy, adjuvant RT also may have an impact on DSS. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cyclotron: a secure, isolated, virtual cycle‐scavenging grid in the enterprise
Authors: Kane Kevin , Dillaway Blair 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCycle‐scavenging grids appeal to organizations with large numbers of workstations that remain idle outside of normal working hours. This represents a potential source of grid computing cycles, but the security and isolation issues that come with the use of non‐dedicated resources have slowed their adoption in the enterprise. In this paper we present Cyclotron, a prototype cycle‐scavenging grid solution that leverages virtualization and a declarative security policy‐based access control infrastructure, supporting flexible authorization rules and the constrained delegation of access rights, to address these requirements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A decentralized and fault‐tolerant Desktop Grid system for distributed applications
Authors: Abbes Heithem , Cérin Christophe , Jemni Mohamed 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a decentralized and fault‐tolerant software system for the purpose of managing Desktop Grid resources. Its main design principle is to eliminate the need for a centralized server, therefore to remove the single point of failure and bottleneck of existing Desktop Grids. Instead, each node can play alternatively the role of client or server. Our main contribution is to design the PastryGrid protocol (based on Pastry) for Desktop Grid in order to support a wider class of applications, especially the distributed application with precedence between tasks. Compared with a centralized system, we evaluate our approach over 205 machines executing 2500 tasks. The results we obtain show that our decentralized system outperforms XtremWeb‐CH which is configured as a master/slave, with respect to the turnaround time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of IBM Cell technology on the programming paradigm in the context of computer systems for climate and weather models
Authors: Zhou Shujia , Duffy Daniel , Clune Thomas , Suarez Max , Williams Samuel , Halem Milton 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe call for ever‐increasing model resolutions and physical processes in climate and weather models demands a continual increase in computing power. The IBM Cell processor's order‐of‐magnitude peak performance increase over conventional processors makes it very attractive to fulfill this requirement. However, the Cell's characteristics, 256 kB local memory per SPE and the new low‐level communication mechanism, make it very challenging to port an application. As a trial, we selected the solar radiation component of the NASA GEOS‐5 climate model, which: (1) is representative of column‐physics components (half of the total computational time), (2) has an extremely high computational intensity: the ratio of computational load to main memory transfers, and (3) exhibits embarrassingly parallel column computations. In this paper, we converted the baseline code (single‐precision Fortran) to C and ported it to an IBM BladeCenter QS20. For performance, we manually SIMDize four independent columns and include several unrolling optimizations. Our results show that when compared with the baseline implementation running on one core of Intel's Xeon Woodcrest, Dempsey, and Itanium2, the Cell is approximately 8.8x, 11.6x, and 12.8x faster, respectively. Our preliminary analysis shows that the Cell can also accelerate the dynamics component (∼25% total computational time). We believe these dramatic performance improvements make the Cell processor very competitive as an accelerator. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the Friction of Nanoparticles: A New Route towards a Better Understanding of Nanoscale Friction
Authors: Schirmeisen André , Schwarz Udo D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTribology—the science of friction, wear, and lubrication—is of considerable importance for all technical applications where moving bodies are in contact. Nonetheless, little progress has been made in finding an exact atomistic description of friction since Amontons proposed his empirical macroscopic laws over three centuries ago. The advent of new experimental tools, such as the friction force microscope, however, has enabled the investigation of frictional forces down to the atomic scale. Recently, this tool has been used to measure the friction of nanoparticles sliding over flat surfaces, thereby enabling a much larger range of material combinations and interface contact areas to be studied. These advances offer new insight into the atomistic concepts of friction.
Construct validity of the Schwartz outcome scale‐10: comparisons to interpersonal distress, adult attachment, alexithymia, the five‐factor model, romantic relationship length and ratings of childhood memories
Authors: Haggerty Greg , Blake Margaret , Naraine Melissa , Siefert Caleb , Blais Mark A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Schwartz Outcome Scale‐10 (SOS‐10) is a 10‐item questionnaire that measures the broad domain of psychological well‐being and quality of life. The SOS‐10 is easy to administer and score. Past research has shown its utility, reliability and validity in different clinical settings (i.e., inpatient, outpatient and non‐psychiatry medical settings) and with diverse clinical populations in measuring treatment outcome. The present study looks to extend the construct validity of the SOS‐10 to assessing quality of life and psychological health in non‐clinical samples as well. The results reveal that the SOS‐10 is associated in predicted ways with established measures of attachment, interpersonal distress, alexithymia and the big five model whose construct validity and psychometric soundness has been well documented. The SOS‐10 was also associated in predicted ways with ratings of childhood memories and the length of the participants' longest romantic relationship. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• The Schwartz Outcome Scale‐10 is a measure of overall psychological health and well‐being which is cost effective, short, easy to administer and score, and evidences strong psychometric properties. It can be utilized with a number of different populations and in diverse settings.
Autobiographical integration of trauma memories and repressive coping predict post‐traumatic stress symptoms in undergraduate students
Authors: Smeets Tom , Giesbrecht Timo , Raymaekers Linsey , Shaw Julia , Merckelbach Harald 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhat differentiates those who are able to adapt well to adverse life events (i.e., persons who are resilient) from those who are not (e.g., persons who develop post‐traumatic stress symptoms)? Previous work suggests that enhanced autobiographical integration of trauma memories is associated with more severe post‐traumatic stress symptoms. Extending this line of work, the present study looked at whether the integration of trauma memories, repressive coping and cognitive reactivity are related to post‐traumatic stress symptomatology following negative life events among otherwise healthy young adults (N = 213). Results show that while enhanced integration of trauma memories and high levels of dissociation are related to elevated levels of post‐traumatic stress, people who generally engage in repressive coping report fewer post‐traumatic stress symptoms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Enhanced integration of trauma memories is linked to increased post‐traumatic stress.• High levels of trait dissociation are related to elevated levels of post‐traumatic stress symptomatology.• A repressive coping style is associated with fewer post‐traumatic stress symptoms.
Schizotypy, delusional ideation and well‐being in an American new religious movement population
Authors: Smith L. , Riley S. , Peters E. R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study extends two previous UK studies that looked at schizotypy in new religious movements (Peters, Day, McKenna & Orbach, 1999a; Day & Peters, 1999) using a similar religious subgroup from a different culture. A sample of American Hare Krishna devotees was compared with a non‐religious control group on measures of delusional ideation, schizotypy and general well‐being. The Hare Krishna group scored significantly higher than the control group on delusional ideation, but not other aspects of schizotypy or general well‐being. They also scored higher on delusional conviction, but not distress and preoccupation. The findings provide cross‐cultural confirmation for the notion of a continuum between normality and delusional thinking, and the need to consider delusional beliefs as multi‐dimensional—psychological health seems to be predicated not on what you believe, but how you believe it. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Preoccupation and distress dimensions are more important than the content of beliefs alone for placing an individual on the continuum from health to delusions: it's not what you believe, it's how you believe it.
The non‐conserved C‐terminal segments of Sine Oculis Homeobox (Six) proteins confer functional specificity
Authors: Weasner Brandon P. , Kumar Justin P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractScanning electron microscope image of a fly head, showing an extra eye field (red) lying on the ventral surface adjacent to the normal compound eye (red). This field results from the forced expression of mouse Six6, the vertebrate ortholog for the Drosophila optix gene. Please see the article by B. Weasner and J.P. Kumar in this issue.
A role for HVEM, but not lymphotoxin‐β receptor, in LIGHT‐induced tumor cell death and chemokine production
Authors: Pasero Christine , Barbarat Bernadette , Just‐Landi Sylvaine , Bernard Alain , Aurran‐Schleinitz Thérèse , Rey Jérome , Eldering Eric , Truneh Alemsedeg , Costello Régis T , Olive Daniel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe TNF member LIGHT also known as TL4 or TNFSF14) can play a major role in cancer control via its two receptors; it induces tumor cell death through lymphotoxin‐β receptor (LT‐βR) and ligation to the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) amplifies the immune response. By studying the effect of LIGHT in the transcriptional profile of a lymphoid malignancy, we found that HVEM, but not LT‐βR, stimulation induces a significant increase in the expression of chemokine genes such as IL‐8, and an unexpected upregulation of apoptotic genes. This had functional consequences, since LIGHT, or HVEM mAb, thus far known to costimulate T‐ and B‐cell activation, induced chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell death. Many of the mediators involved were identified here, with an apoptotic pathway as demonstrated by caspases activation, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulation of the pro‐apoptotic protein Bax, but also a role of TRAIL. Moreover, HVEM induced endogenous TNF‐α production and TNF‐α enhanced HVEM‐mediated cell death. HVEM function was mainly dependent on LIGHT, since other ligands like HSV‐glycoprotein D and B and T lymphocyte attenuator were essentially ineffective. In conclusion, we describe a novel, as yet unknown killing effect of LIGHT through HVEM on a lymphoid malignancy, and combined with induction of chemokine release this may represent an additional tool to boost cancer immunotherapy.
The role of NF‐κB and Smad3 in TGF‐β‐mediated Foxp3 expression
Authors: Jana Srikanta , Jailwala Parthav , Haribhai Dipica , Waukau Jill , Glisic Sanja , Grossman William , Mishra Manoj , Wen Renren , Wang Demin , Williams Calvin B. , Ghosh Soumitra 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe transcription factor Foxp3 is essential for the development of functional, natural Treg (nTreg), which plays a prominent role in self‐tolerance. Suppressive Foxp3+ Treg cells can be generated from naïve T cells ex vivo, following TCR and TGF‐β1 stimulations. However, the molecular contributions from the different arms of these pathways leading to Foxp3 expression are not fully understood. TGF‐β1‐activated Smad3 plays a major role in the expression of Foxp3, since TGF‐β1‐induced‐Treg generation from Smad3−/− mice is markedly reduced and abolished by inactivating Smad2. In the TCR pathway, deletion of Bcl10, which activates NF‐κB, markedly reduces both IL‐2 and Foxp3 production. However, partial rescue of Foxp3 expression occurs on addition of exogenous IL‐2. TGF‐β1 significantly attenuates NF‐κB binding to the Foxp3 promoter, while inducing Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, deletion of p50, a NF‐κB subunit, results in increased Foxp3 expression despite a decline in the IL‐2 production. We posit several TCR‐NF‐κB pathways, some increasing (Bcl10‐IL‐2‐Foxp3) while others decreasing (p50‐Foxp3) Foxp3 expression, with the former predominating. A better understanding of Foxp3 regulation could be useful in dissecting the cause of Treg dysfunction in several autoimmune diseases and for generating more potent TGF‐β1‐induced‐Treg cells for therapeutic purposes.
Peripheral Thy1+ lymphocytes rearranging TCR‐γδ genes in LAT‐deficient mice
Authors: Miazek Arkadiusz , Macha Kornelia , Łaszkiewicz Agnieszka , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Malissen Bernard , Kisielow Pawel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLinker for activation of T cells (LAT) is an adaptor molecule indispensable for development of αβ and γδ T lymphocytes. Surprisingly, using a new model of LAT‐deficient mice we found that despite arrested thymic development, a discrete population of cells with active Lat promoter, expressing Thy1 molecules, accumulated in peripheral lymphoid organs of homozygous (LatInv/Inv) mutant mice. By measuring frequencies of TCR gene rearrangements in conjunction with a panel of cell surface Ag, we dissected two subsets of these Thy1+ cells. Thy1dull cells expressed markers of NK lymphocytes and contained low frequency of TCR‐γ gene rearrangements without detectable TCR‐δ rearrangements. Thy1high cells resembled immature CD44+CD25+ thymocytes and contained high frequency of non‐productive TCR‐γ and TCR‐δ rearrangements, indicating that cells displaying molecular signatures of commitment toward γδ T‐cell lineage can develop and populate lymphoid tissues of LAT‐deficient mice. Phenotypically similar Thy1high cells were also found in lymph nodes of lymphocyte‐deficient (Rag2−/−) mice but not in T lymphocyte proficient, heterozygous Lat+/Inv mice suggesting that Thy1high cells of LAT‐deficient mice identified in this study accumulate in peripheral lymphoid organs as a result of congenital lymphopenia.
Lignin valorisation for chemicals and (transportation) fuels via (catalytic) pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation
Authors: de Wild Paul , Van der Laan Ron , Kloekhorst Arjan , Heeres Erik 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNew technology is needed to exploit the potential of lignin as a renewable feedstock for fuels, chemicals and performance products. Fast fluidized bed pyrolysis of different lignins at 400°C yields up to 21 wt% (d.b.) of a phenolic fraction containing 10 wt% (d.b.) of several phenols. Subsequent catalytic hydrotreating of this phenolic fraction with 100 bar of hydrogen in dodecane at 350°C yields mainly cycloalkanes, cyclohexanols and alkanes. For the production of monomeric phenols, it appears that the used ruthenium on carbon is a too active catalyst. However, cyclohexanols may be interesting products, e.g., for use as oxygenates in engine fuel. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Triclosan inhibit the growth of the late liver‐stage of Plasmodium
Authors: Singh Agam Prasad , Surolia Namita , Surolia Avadhesha 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAnnually, approximately two million human deaths are caused worldwide by malaria, most of them being children. Plasmodium falciparum is the leading cause of cerebral malaria, the most severe and fatal form of disease. Moreover, the emergence of resistant strains to the existing drugs has worsened the situation. Currently, primaquine is the only drug available for eliminating liver‐stage parasites. Because of the emergence of resistant parasite strains, it becomes necessary to find new targets unique to the malaria parasites. In the Plasmodium species, the discovery of a distinct Type‐II fatty‐acid synthesis pathway has created an opportunity to target this pathway for the development of new inhibitors of malaria parasite growth. The present study explored the growth inhibition potential of triclosan in the case of liver‐stage parasites. Liver‐stage of Plasmodium is an excellent target for intervention due to very small parasite load as well as possibility of eliminating parasites before it can cause blood‐stage infection. Here we report that triclosan inhibits the development of the Plasmodium liver‐stage parasites. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life 61(9): 923–928, 2009
Evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Baccharis dracunculifolia extract on V79 cells by the comet assay
Authors: Munari Carla Carolina , Alves Jacqueline Morais , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , Tavares Denise Crispim 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBaccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), the main botanical source of green propolis, is a shrub of the Brazilian ‘cerrado’. In folk medicine it is used as an anti‐inflammatory agent, mainly for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of B. dracunculifolia ethyl acetate extract (Bd‐EAE) on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells) by the comet assay. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 200 μM) was used as an inducer of DNA damage. Genotoxicity was evaluated using four different concentrations of Bd‐EAE: 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 μg ml−1. Antigenotoxicity was assessed before, simultaneously, and after treatment with the mutagen. The results showed a significant increase in the frequency of DNA damage in cultures treated with 50.0 and 100.0 μg ml−1 Bd‐EAE. Regarding its antigenotoxic potential, Bd‐EAE reduced the frequency of DNA damage induced by MMS. However, this chemopreventive activity depended on the concentrations and treatment regimens used. The antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in Bd‐EAE may contribute to reduce the alkylation damage induced by MMS. In conclusion, our findings confirmed the chemopreventive activity of Bd‐EAE and showed that this effect occurs under different mechanism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.