bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provider Approaches to Palliative Dyspnea Assessment
Authors: Ahluwalia Sangeeta C. , Leos Rosana L. , Goebel Joy R. , Asch Steven M. , Lorenz Karl A. 
Published: June 2012

Aim: To understand provider practices around dyspnea assessment to inform the development of an electronic medical record (EMR)-based dyspnea assessment module in an inpatient palliative care consultation template. Design: Qualitative analysis of palliative care provider interviews. Results: Three themes emerged: (1) integration of patient self-report of breathlessness with a clinical observation of dyspnea; (2) identification of patients for dyspnea assessment based on perceived patient need; and (3) variability in preferences for and use of existing severity scales for dyspnea. Conclusions: The assessment approaches described by providers underscore the challenge of developing an informatics tool that supports the natural clinical experience and facilitates standardized care. The complexity of the dyspnea assessment process and variation in provider practices necessitate a level of flexibility and choice to be built into a computer-based tool.
GFI1 and GFI1B control the loss of endothelial identity of hemogenic endothelium during hematopoietic commitment
Authors: Lancrin Christophe , Mazan Milena , Stefanska Monika , Patel Rahima , Lichtinger Monika , Costa Guilherme , Vargel Özge , Wilson Nicola K. , Möröy Tarik , Bonifer Constanze , Göttgens Berthold , Kouskoff Valerie , Lacaud Georges 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRecent studies have established that during embryonic development, hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells are generated from hemogenic endothelium precursors through a process termed endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). The transcription factor RUNX1 is essential for this process, but its main downstream effectors remain largely unknown. Here, we report the identification of Gfi1 and Gfi1b as direct targets of RUNX1 and critical regulators of EHT. GFI1 and GFI1B are able to trigger, in the absence of RUNX1, the down-regulation of endothelial markers and the formation of round cells, a morphologic change characteristic of EHT. Conversely, blood progenitors in Gfi1- and Gfi1b-deficient embryos maintain the expression of endothelial genes. Moreover, those cells are not released from the yolk sac and disseminated into embryonic tissues. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a critical and specific role of the GFI1 transcription factors in the first steps of the process leading to the generation of hematopoietic progenitors from hemogenic endothelium.
Flexibility in starting posture drives flexibility in kinematic behavior of the kinethmoid-mediated premaxillary protrusion mechanism in a cyprinid fish,Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Gidmark Nicholas J. , Staab Katie Lynn , Brainerd Elizabeth L. , Hernandez L. Patricia 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYPremaxillary protrusion in cypriniform fishes involves rotation of the kinethmoid, an unpaired skeletal element in the dorsal midline of the rostrum. No muscles insert directly onto the kinethmoid, so its rotation must be caused by the movement of other bones. In turn, the kinethmoid is thought to push on the ascending processes of the premaxillae, effecting protrusion. To determine the causes and effects of kinethmoid motion, we used XROMM (x-ray reconstruction of moving morphology) to measure the kinematics of cranial bones in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Mean kinethmoid rotation was 83 deg during premaxillary protrusion (18 events in 3 individuals). The kinethmoid rotates in a coordinated way with ventral translation of the maxillary bridge, and this ventral translation is likely driven primarily by the A1β muscle. Analyses of flexibility (variability between behaviors) and coordination (correlation between bones within a behavior) indicate that motion of the maxillary bridge, not the lower jaw, drives premaxillary protrusion. Thus, upper jaw protrusion is decoupled from lower jaw depression, allowing for two separate modes of protrusion, open mouth and closed mouth. These behaviors serve different functions: to procure food and to sort food, respectively. Variation in starting posture of the maxilla alone dictates which type of protrusion is performed; downstream motions are invariant. For closed mouth protrusion, a ventrally displaced maxillary starting posture causes kinethmoid rotation to produce more ventrally directed premaxillary protrusion. This flexibility, bestowed by the kinethmoid–maxillary bridge–A1β mechanism, one of several evolutionary novelties in the cypriniform feeding mechanism, may have contributed to the impressive trophic diversity that characterizes this speciose lineage.
Respiratory dynamics of discontinuous gas exchange in the tracheal system of the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Groenewald Berlizé , Hetz Stefan K. , Chown Steven L. , Terblanche John S. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYGas exchange dynamics in insects is of fundamental importance to understanding evolved variation in breathing patterns, such as discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGCs). Most insects do not rely solely on diffusion for the exchange of respiratory gases but may also make use of respiratory movements (active ventilation) to supplement gas exchange at rest. However, their temporal dynamics have not been widely investigated. Here, intratracheal pressure, VCO2 and body movements of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria were measured simultaneously during the DGC and revealed several important aspects of gas exchange dynamics. First, S. gregaria employs two different ventilatory strategies, one involving dorso-ventral contractions and the other longitudinal telescoping movements. Second, although a true spiracular closed (C)-phase of the DGC could be identified by means of subatmospheric intratracheal pressure recordings, some CO2 continued to be released. Third, strong pumping actions do not necessarily lead to CO2 release and could be used to ensure mixing of gases in the closed tracheal system, or enhance water vapour reabsorption into the haemolymph from fluid-filled tracheole tips by increasing the hydrostatic pressure or forcing fluid into the haemocoel. Finally, this work showed that the C-phase of the DGC can occur at any pressure. These results provide further insights into the mechanistic basis of insect gas exchange.
The Behaviour of Cast Rope Sockets at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Ridge Isabel , Hobbs Roger 
Published: June 2012

Modern building structures are making increasing use of high performance tension members in steel spiral strand. The terminations to the strand typically employ a steel fitting, a "socket", to transfer the load to other structural members, where the interface between strand and a conical recess in the socket is filled either with a cast metal alloy or (more recently) a complex resin compound. The cone grips the wires of the strand and is pulled into the conical recess in the socket by the axial load to generate a wedging action that transfers axial load between strand and socket.The present paper addresses the performance of these sockets and their filling media at elevated temperatures, so that their performance in fire conditions can be assessed. A substantial programme of tests that has focussed on the creep-temperature-time relationship in metal and resin filled sockets is reported.It is concluded that resin filled sockets are likely to fail within 60 hours if their core temperature is held at 160°C or above, while the critical temperature for alloy filled sockets is nearer 210°C.
Managing Disruption Risk: The Interplay Between Operations and Insurance
Authors: Dong Lingxiu , Tomlin Brian 
Published: June 2012

Disruptive events that halt production can have severe business consequences if not appropriately managed. Business interruption (BI) insurance offers firms a financial mechanism for managing their exposure to disruption risk. Firms can also avail of operational measures to manage the risk. In this paper, we explore the relationship between BI insurance and operational measures. We model a manufacturing firm that can purchase BI insurance, invest in inventory, and avail of emergency sourcing. Allowing the insurance premium to depend on the firm's insurance and operational decisions, we characterize the optimal insurance deductible and coverage limit as well as the optimal inventory level. We prove that insurance and operational measures are not always substitutes, and we establish conditions under which they can be complements; that is, insurance can increase the marginal value of inventory and can increase the overall value of emergency sourcing. We also find that the value of insurance is higher for those firms less able to absorb financially significant disruptions. As disruptions become longer but rarer, the value of emergency sourcing increases, and the value of inventory and the value of insurance increase before eventually decreasing. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Local Religious Beliefs and Mutual Fund Risk-Taking Behaviors
Authors: Shu Tao , Sulaeman Johan , Yeung P. Eric 
Published: June 2012

We study the effects of local religious beliefs on mutual fund risk-taking behaviors. Funds located in low-Protestant or high-Catholic areas exhibit significantly higher fund return volatilities. Similar differences persist when we use the religiosity ratios at fund managers' college locations. Risk-taking associated with local religious beliefs manifests in higher portfolio concentrations, higher portfolio turnover, more aggressive interim trading, and more “tournament” risk-shifting behaviors, but not over-weighting risky individual stocks. Overall, our results suggest that local religious beliefs have significant influences on mutual fund behaviors. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Modeling Bounded Rationality in Capacity Allocation Games with the Quantal Response Equilibrium
Authors: Chen Yefen , Su Xuanming , Zhao Xiaobo 
Published: June 2012

We consider a supply chain with a single supplier and two retailers. The retailers choose their orders strategically, and if their orders exceed the supplier's capacity, quantities are allocated proportionally to the orders. We experimentally study the capacity allocation game using subjects motivated by financial incentives. We find that the Nash equilibrium, which assumes that players are perfectly rational, substantially exaggerates retailers' tendency to strategically order more than they need. We propose a model of bounded rationality based on the quantal response equilibrium, in which players are not perfect optimizers and they face uncertainty in their opponents' actions. We structurally estimate model parameters using the maximum-likelihood method. Our results confirm that retailers exhibit bounded rationality, become more rational through repeated game play, but may not converge to perfect rationality as assumed by the Nash equilibrium. Finally, we consider several alternative behavioral theories and show that they do not explain our experimental data as well as our bounded rationality model. This paper was accepted by loana Popescu, guest editor, operations management.
Optimal Search for Product Information
Authors: Branco Fernando , Sun Monic , Villas-Boas J. Miguel 
Published: June 2012

Consumers often need to search for product information before making purchase decisions. We consider a tractable (continuous-time) model of gradual learning, in which consumers incur search costs to learn further product information, and update their expected utility of the product at each search occasion. We characterize the optimal stopping rules for either purchase, or no purchase, as a function of search costs and of the importance/informativeness of each attribute. This paper also characterizes how the likelihood of purchase changes with the ex ante expected utility, search costs, and the importance/informativeness of each attribute. We discuss optimal pricing, the impact of consumer search on profits and social welfare, and how the seller chooses its price to strategically affect the extent of the consumers' search behavior. We show that lower search costs can hurt the consumer because the seller may then choose to charge higher prices. Discounting creates asymmetry in the purchase and no-purchase search thresholds, and may lead to lower prices if search occurs in equilibrium, or higher prices if there is no search in equilibrium. This paper also considers searching for signals of the value of the product, heterogeneous importance of attributes, endogenous intensity of search, and social learning. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Shortened Interval between Tetanus Vaccines
Authors: Lodolce Amy E 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE: To identify the minimum safe interval between tetanus-diphtheria (Td) and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. DATA SOURCES: Literature was retrieved through a review of ImmunoFacts, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web site, MEDLINE (1966-February 2012) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-February 2012) using the terms Tdap, Td, and interval. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. Studies addressing an interval of 2 years or less between Td and Tdap vaccines were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Two observational noninferiority studies have evaluated the safety of an interval of 2 years or less. The first involved a school-based immunization program to compare the safety of a single dose of Tdap given 18 months to 9 years after a tetanus and diphtheria toxoid–containing vaccine versus an interval of 10 or more years. Injection site erythema and swelling were increased among participants with shortened intervals between vaccines; however, no serious adverse events, entire limb swelling, or Arthus-like reactions were reported. The second study involved health care workers who received Tdap during a pertussis outbreak with the objective to compare safety of intervals less than 2 years between prior tetanus vaccination and Tdap with intervals 2 years or more. Criteria for noninferiority were met overall between the 2 intervals in terms of moderate and severe injection site reactions. Fever was more common with the shortened interval, as was any redness or any swelling. No serious adverse events were reported among the group with an interval of less than 2 years between vaccine administration. CONCLUSIONS: Although well-designed randomized controlled trials are lacking, the current observational evidence and CDC provisional recommendations support a shortened interval between Td and Tdap vaccines to protect health care workers from pertussis. Intervals less than 2 years may be associated with an increased incidence of local injection site reactions.
Systematic Review of Consistency between Adherence to Cardiovascular or Diabetes Medication and Health Literacy in Older Adults
Authors: Loke Yoon K , Hinz Ina , Wang Xia , Salter Charlotte 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between health literacy and adherence to cardiovascular/diabetes medication. DATA SOURCES: We searched EMBASE (1974-February 2012) and MEDLINE (1948-February 2012). Search terms included health literacy, numeracy, health education and related terms, health literacy measurement tools, and medication adherence. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: English-language articles of all study designs were considered. Articles were included if they had a measurement of health literacy and medication adherence and if participants were older adults taking drugs for cardiovascular illness or diabetes mellitus. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 1310 citations were reviewed, including 9 articles that reported on 7 research studies. Most studies were retrospective, and all were based in the US. Because there was considerable diversity in measurements, participant characteristics, and outcome measures, we conducted a narrative synthesis rather than a meta-analysis. In assessing study validity, we looked at participant selection, method of measuring health literacy and medication adherence, missing data or losses, and adjustment for confounders. Of the 7 included studies, only 1 found a demonstrable association between health literacy and refill adherence. One clinical trial failed to show significant improvements in medication adherence after an intervention to improve health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence does not show a definite association between health literacy and medication adherence in older adults with cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus. In the absence of a definite link, efforts to develop interventions to improve health literacy would not necessarily improve adherence to cardiovascular medications. There is an urgent need for robust studies outside of the US, with wider, generalized recruitment of participants.
Use of Cilostazol in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Rogers Kelly C , Faircloth Jenna M , Finks Shannon W 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the addition of cilostazol to standard dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) with aspirin and clopidogrel in patients receiving coronary stenting. DATA SOURCES: Relevant information was identified through a search of MEDLINE (1966-November 2011), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1960-2011), and Cochrane Databases (publications archived until November 2011) using the terms cilostazol, percutaneous coronary intervention, triple therapy, and antiplatelet agents. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: English-language prospective and retrospective studies, including registry data in adults, were eligible for inclusion if triple therapy with cilostazol was compared with DAT with aspirin and clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting. Article bibliographies were also reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Cilostazol uniquely possesses antiproliferative properties in addition to its antiplatelet effects. Several prospective and retrospective clinical trials evaluated it as a third agent in standard antiplatelet regimens after PCI with both bare metal and drug-eluting stents. Both angiographic and clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), have been improved with the addition of cilostazol to DAT in most trials, without increasing bleeding risk. Higher-risk patients, such as elderly individuals and patients with diabetes, long lesions, or small vessels, seem to benefit the most from triple therapy. Patients who are poor responders to clopidogrel also appear to benefit from the addition of cilostazol by improving platelet reactivity with standard DAT. CONCLUSIONS: Triple therapy with cilostazol has been shown to reduce MACEs by providing increased inhibition of platelet aggregation and reducing the rates of in-stent thrombosis compared to DAT without increasing the risk of bleeding complications. Further studies are needed to identify proper patient selection based on risk factors for the addition of cilostazol. Additionally, studies comparing cilostazol with newer antiplatelet therapies, such as prasugrel and ticagrelor, are needed.
Curriculum and Instructional Methods for Drug Information, Literature Evaluation, and Biostatistics: Survey of US Pharmacy Schools
Authors: Phillips Jennifer A , Gabay Michael P , Ficzere Cathy , Ward Kristina E 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: The drug information curriculum in US colleges of pharmacy continues to evolve. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Drug Information Practice and Research Network (DI PRN) published an opinion paper with specific recommendations regarding drug information education in 2009. Adoption of these recommendations has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To assess which recommendations made in the ACCP DI PRN opinion paper are included in US pharmacy school curricula and characterize faculty qualifications, educational methods, and recent changes in drug information education. METHODS: An electronic survey was designed using the ACCP DI PRN opinion paper and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education standards and guidelines for accreditation of PharmD programs in the US. Survey questions addressed curricular content within the following categories: drug information, literature evaluation, and biostatistics. A letter including the online survey link was sent via email to the dean of each US college/school of pharmacy (N = 128). Recipients were instructed to forward the email to the individual at their institution who was the most knowledgeable about the content and methodology used for didactic drug information education. RESULTS: Sixty-four responses were included in the final analysis. Of the 19 ACCP DI PRN minimum core concepts, 9 (47%) were included in curricula of all responding institutions; 14 of 19 (74%) were included in curricula for all but 1 institution. In contrast, 5 of 16 concepts (31%) were not formally taught by a number of institutions. Many respondents noted an increased focus on evidence-based medicine, medication safety, and informatics. CONCLUSIONS: Although a survey of drug information curricula documented substantial inclusion of the essential concepts presented in the ACCP DI PRN opinion paper, room for improvement remains in drug information curricula in US colleges of pharmacy.
Catalytic Effect of Heat-treated Iron and Copper Phthalocyanines in Non-aqueous Electrolyte Li/air Batteries – A Review
Authors: Zhang Sheng S. , Ren Xiaoming , Tran Dat T. , Read Jeffrey 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this review, we summarize our research on the characterization of FeCu/C catalyst and its effect in non-aqueous electrolyte Li/air cells. The catalyst is synthesized by impregnating metal phthalocyanine complex into a high surface area carbon, followed by pyrolyzing the complex-loaded carbon under argon atmosphere. High resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) results indicate that the metals in the catalyst are present in the form of a mixture of metal-nitrogen complexes (MN) and metal oxides (MO). Using coin-type Li/air cells as the testing vehicle, the FeCu/C is determined to affect the Li/air cells in three manners: (1) It catalyzes two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to form Li
Vendimia Celebrations
Authors: cruz paula de la 
Published: June 2012

On a crisp fall day in April 1936, Delia Larrive Escudero was picking grapes for the family's table at the small vineyard her father kept at the back of their house when she received a visit from her brother, who bore good news. Her father had given his consent—she was only sixteen-years-old—for Delia to enter the first official Queen of the Grape Harvest (reina de la vendimia) competition, in the province of Mendoza, in western Argentina. She would represent Godoy Cruz, one of Mendoza's seventeen departments, each with its own particular terrain, from the lush creeks shaded by pine forests of Tunuyan to the vast barren valleys of clay soil of Tupungato. Like many others in the province, Delia was from an immigrant family. Over hundreds of years, immigrants—principally from Italy and Spain—had transformed the desert at the feet of the Andes into vineyards that bear a bounty of fruit to this day.
Mendoza has been celebrating the harvest in one way or another since Spanish colonists, and Jesuits introduced grapes to Argentina (via Chile) in the late 1500s as a source for sweet Mass wine.
Book Reviews
Authors: Peselmann Arnika , Railton Nicholas M. 
Published: June 2012

William Logan and Keir Reeves (eds), Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with 'Difficult Heritage' (London: Routledge), 290 pp., Hb: £80.00,
ISBN: 978-0-415-45449-0; Pb: £25.99, ISBN: 978-0-415-45450-6.Liam D. Murphy, Believing in Belfast: Charismatic Christianity after the Troubles (Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press), 352 pp., Pb: US$42.00, ISBN: 978-1-59460-728-8.