bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of exercise on peripapillary retinal oxygenation
Authors: VEKRIA P , CUBBIDGE R , HEITMAR R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Blood flow to the retina is maintained by central retinal vessels that exhibit autoregulatory capacity. Physical activity has been demonstrated to have acute, transitory, effects on ocular haemodynamic factors including intraocular pressure and blood pressure. What remains unclear is how the oxygen saturation of retinal blood vessels is affected by prior levels of physical activity. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of physical activity on peripapillary retinal vessel oxygenation.Methods Eight eyes from eight healthy volunteers were assessed in the study. Peripapillary retinal vessel oxygenation (dual‐wavelength fundus images; 548nm and 610nm), blood pressure (automated sphygmamometer) and intraocular pressure (non‐contact tonometer) was assessed before, immediately after, and 15 minutes following a period of aerobic exercise (Master’s two‐step stress test).Results Average peripapillary arterial oxygenation increased from 95.01% ± 9.62% (mean ± standard deviation) before exercise to 97.57% ± 9.90% (paired t‐test, p=0.028) immediately following exercise, and 96.67% ± 10.54% (p=0.163) at 15 minutes following exercise. Average peripapillary venous oxygenation increased from 57.95% ± 17.29% before exercise to 64.06% ± 21.13% (p=0.006) following exercise, and 61.40% ± 17.03% (p=0.055) at 15 minutes.Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates that modest levels of physical activity can induce significant changes in blood oxygenation across arteries, veins, and the arteriovenous difference. Our results appear to suggest that subjects should be physically rested for at least fifteen minutes before resting retinal oxygenation is assessed.
SD‐OCT study of vitreoretinal traction at the obstruction site in patients diagnosed with branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: ASCASO F , PADGETT E , VILLEN L , NUNEZ E , PEIRO C , CRUZ N , DEL BUEY MA , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) typically occurs at an arteriovenous (AV) crossing site. Vitreoretinal traction migh thave a significant role in some cases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitreoretinal traction at the obstruction site in patients diagnosed with BRVO.Methods Prospective observational case‐control study. 14 consecutive patients with BRVO were studied and the fellow eyes were taken as a control group. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) was used to detect vitreous adherence or vitreoretinal traction at the obstruction site.Results SD‐OCT directed to the obstruction site revealed an adherence of posterior hyaloids without signs of retinal traction in six eyes (42.9%). Five eyes (35.7%) were associated with vitreoretinal traction at this point, and three eyes (21.4%) had neither vitreoretinal adherence nor vitreoretinal traction.Regarding the same vessel segment of the control eyes, only 2 cases (14.3%) presented a vitreoretinal adherence, whereas none of the cases showed a true vitreoretinal traction in the correspondent AV crossing site. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between both groups of eyes in relation to the prevalence of a vitreoretinal traction.Conclusion The existence of a common vitreoretinal adhesion at the obstruction site in BRVO patients is reported herein, pointing out the role of vitreoretinal traction in the etiology of some cases of BRVO and the important diagnostic capabilities of SD‐OCT and its 3‐D image reconstruction in the detection of this vitreous traction and its association with perivascular edema.
Ozurdex implant in retinal vein occlusions. 3‐months clinical outcomes in the first 17 patients
Authors: VARDARINOS A , EMPESLIDIS T , BANERJEE S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To present the our initial clinical outcomes of dexamethasone 0.7mg intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) in the first three months after the injection.Methods Seventeen patients (12 male and 5 female, mean age 64.9y) diagnosed with retinal vein occlusions (RVO) and cystoid macular oedema (CMO) received an Ozurdex injection after baseline best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) was documented. The patients had monthly clinical visits following the injection.Results Seven patients suffered from central RVO, nine from branch RVO and one patient from hemiretinal RVO. Following the injection of Ozurdex CRT appeared to reduce significantly from a mean of 496.4μm (SD 204.2μm) pre‐injection to a mean of 316.4μm (SD 131.3μm) at 1/12 post‐injection and further to 293.4μm (SD 95.6μm) at 3/12 post‐injection. BCVA was also significantly improved at 1/12 post‐injection and further at 3/12 post‐injection in nine of the patients especially in the nonischemic sub‐groups. Complication rate was relatively low with only four patients having a moderate raise in intraocular pressure managed with topical therapy and one patient suffering a large subconjuctival haemorrhage.Conclusion Our initial results demonstrate that Ozurdex appears to be a safe and efficient treatment option for RVO related CMO. It provides significant decrease in CRT and anatomical improvement on OCT scans in all types of RVO. Improvement of BCVA is possible but it seems that ischemic damage and chronic CMO have an adverse effect on visual restoration despite anatomical improvement.
Plasma taurine levels in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: PINNA A , ZINELLU A , TENDAS D , CARRU C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Taurine is one of the most abundant free amino acids in many tissues, including the retina. It is a scavenger of hypochlorite and carbonyl radicals and also inhibits lipid peroxidation. Little is know about the role of taurine in the pathogenesis of AMD. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma levels of taurine in AMD patients and in age‐matched subjects without AMD.Methods Plasma taurine levels were measured by capillary electrophoresis in 74 AMD patients (mean age: 78±6.7 years) and in 148 controls (mean age: 77±5.3 years), all accrued in September 2011‐March 2012. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann‐Whitney Rank Sum Test.Results Median taurine was 64.7 (range 28.6‐127.2) µmol/L in AMD patients and 65.8 (range 28.1‐132.3) µmol/L in controls. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion Results suggest that AMD patients may have similar plasma levels of taurine as matched controls without AMD. Should these results be confirmed by larger studies, this would imply that taurine may play a marginal or no role in the pathogenesis of AMD.
Incidence of retinal pigment epithelial tears after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: CHEBIL A , KORT F , BOURAOUI R , CHAKER N , LIMAIEM R , EL MATRI L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the incidence of and the risk factors for the development of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears after intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) for the treatment of exudative AMD.Methods A retrospective, consecutive case series of all patients with subfoveal exudative AMD treated with IVB between September 2006 and April 2012. The main outcome measures were pre‐ and post‐RPE tear visual acuity and choroidal neovascular membrane lesion types, incidence of tears and time from first injection until development of the tear.Results A total of 369 patients (643 eyes) with exudative AMD were treated with IVB. 9 eyes from 7 patients developed a RPE tear for an incidence of 1.4%. The average patient age was 62.4+/‐3.9 years. A vascularized PED was present in 7 of 9 eyes that developed an RPE tear. 44.44 per cent of the RPE tears occurred within the first 6 weeks of treatment, and all tears occurred within the first 24 weeks of treatment initiation. The mean pre‐injection visual acuity was +0.6 logMAR with a mean post‐tear visual acuity of +1 logMAR. 4 of the 9 eyes continued with bevacizumab injections after tear development, and 2 of these 4 eyes continued to have visual improvement.Conclusion RPE tears occur after intravitreal bevacizumab injections for exudative AMD in approximately 1.4% of eyes and can cause severe vision loss. Maintenance of therapy may help preserve quality of vision after RPE tear development.
Protection of blue light induced retinal degeneration by the free radical scavenger Phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone and a serotonin receptor 5‐HT1a agonist in rats
Authors: GRILLO‐ANTONELLI S , CIMBOLINI N , DUBOS H , FERAILLE L , MARGARON P , ELENA P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Blue light exposition of rat retina induces retinal damages that mimic age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), showing severe photoreceptor cell death, apoptosis of RPE cells, and progressive outer nuclear layer destruction due to reactive oxygen species, and therefore providing an useful model to test potential AMD treatments. Here we proposed to compare the protective effects of two compounds, the antioxidant free radical scavenger, Phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone (PBN) and the serotonin receptor 5‐HT1a agonist 8‐Hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino)tetralin, 8‐OH‐DPAT, on photo‐oxidative stress in rat retina.Methods After a period of dark adaptation, Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to blue light during 6 hours. Animals were divided in three groups: 50 mg/kg PBN injected intraperitoneally on the day of induction, 500µg/kg 8‐OH‐DPAT or NaCl 0.9% subcutaneously injected once a day, starting 2 days before light exposure. Retinal function and anatomical integrity were evaluated by scotopic electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography, respectively, 1 and 2 weeks after induction. Outer nuclear layer thickness was measured on histological sections harvested 2 weeks after the induction.Results Significant protection of retina from degeneration was achieved with both compounds, which effectively rescued a wave and b wave amplitudes of ERG responses and preserved photoreceptor layer thickness.Conclusion The serotonin receptor 5‐HT1a could be a valuable target for AMD and other retinal degenerative diseases.
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Aqueous flare and choroidal thickness in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: STROBBE E , CELLINI M , BALDUCCI N , LATERZA L , BRILLANTI S , CAMPOS EC 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To investigate the status of blood‐aqueous barrier and to evaluate the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) in patients with chronic never treated hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without any anterior or posterior ocular disease.Methods A total of 80 eyes of 20 naive HCV patients (M:F=12:8; mean age: 46.9±7.23 years) and 20 healthy controls (M:F=10:10; mean age: 48.2±8.71) were examined. Partecipants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. Aqueous flare was objectively quantified by using the non‐invasive laser flare cell meter FC 1000 (Kowa, Tokyo, Japan), while SCT was evaluated by using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (Spectralis OCT; Heidelberg Engineering GmbH). An unpaired t test with Welch correction was performed to compare flare values and SCT between HCV patients and controls, considering significance a p<0.05 and a Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to assess the relationship between aqueous flare and SCT in HCV subjects.Results HCV patients showed significantly higher aqueous flare (photon counts/ms) values (8.37±2.25 vs. 4.56±1.45; p=0.0001) and a significant increased SCT (µm) (362.7±46.5 vs. 320.25±32.82; p=0.002) than normal controls. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a positive correlation between aqueous flare values and SCT in HCV patients (r=0,688; p<0.0001).Conclusion These findings strongly indicate that impairment of the blood‐aqueous barrier and thicker choroids are features of HCV patients even if they have no ocular symptoms, and that choroidal thickness increases as the degree of subclinical inflammation of the anterior chamber increases.
Ocular manifestations of Takayasu arteritis
Authors: BUTEL N , NOEL N , BODAGHI B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Takayasu arteritis is an inflammatory vascular disease of aorta and its branches. Ophthalmologic manifestations can occur up to 68% of patients and can be inaugural. The objective of this series is to describe the typical and atypical ocular manifestations of the diseaseMethods Bicentric (Pitié‐Salpêtrière and Lariboisière Hospitals) and multidisciplinary retrospective study conducted between 2004 and 2012, describing ocular manifestations of patients with Takayasu arteritis.Results Seven patients, 3 men and 4 women, were included. Mean age was 51(range:31‐70 years). Five patients had previously a confirmed diagnosis of Takayasu (71% type V) and 2 presented with inaugural ocular involvement. Most of the patients were asymptomatic(42%). We identified 5 typical manifestations , including 3 Takayasu retinopathy (42%),1 hypertensive retinopathy(15%) and 1 mixed retinopathy (15%). Atypical manifestations included a bilateral central retinal artery occlusion, a branch retinal vein occlusion and a transient monocular blindness. Treatment consisted of systemic administration of corticosteroids and immunosuppressors, symptomatic and secondary preventive therapy (laser photocoagulation on ischemic areas). Takayasu arteritis causes various ophthalmic manifestations such as traditional hypoperfusion retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy. Atypical cases have been described, such as venous or arterial occlusions, ischemic neuropathy, and for the first time in our series a case of inaugural bilateral central retinal artery occlusion.Conclusion Takayasu arteritis should be considered in young patients with atypical vascular or inflammatory retinal manifestations. Collaboration with internists is mandatory in order to diagnose systemic involvement and propose the best therapeutic approach.
Acute worsening of retinal lesions during oral steroid treatement in a case of intracular lymphoma
Authors: BAZEWICZ M , PION B , LAHDA R , BRON D , MAKHOUL D , DE SAINT HAUBAIN N , DEHOU MF , CASPERS L , WILLERMAIN F 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Diagnosis and treatment of intraocular lymphoma remains a clinical challenge. Herein, we present a complicated case in which the diagnosis was made after the acute worsening of retinal lesions during oral steroid treatement.Methods A 49 year old woman complaning of progessive visual acuity decrease was referred with visual acuity of hand movements in the right eye accompanied by vitritis and two peripheral white retinal lesions with vasculitis. Futher examinations excluded the diagnosis of the main causes of infectious and non infectious uveitis and pathological examination of vitreous cells was not compatible with the diagnosis of lymphoma.Results Systemic steroid treatment were given with an initial improvement of the inflammatory conditions. However, a week later an acute worsening of the retinal lesions occured, taking the appearence of a very severe retinal necrosis. Another vitrectomy was thus performed to exclude again infectious causes but was negative for virus and toxo. Finally, the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma was made on a 3rd diagnostic vitrectomy with retinal biopsy. The patient was treated with a series of intravitreous methotrexate injections followed by chemo‐ and radiotherapy.Conclusion Systemic administration of corticosteroids in patient with intraocular B lymphoma may lead to dramatic lesion extention preceeded by temporal clinical stabilisation or improvement.
Werner syndrome accompanied with refractory CME and WRN proteins expression in human retinas
Authors: OSHITARI T , KITAHASHI M , MIZUNO S , BABA T , KUBOTA‐TANIAI M , ROY S , YAMAMOTO S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To present a case of Werner syndrome accompanied with refractory cystoid macular edema (CME), and analyze the expression and the distribution of WRN proteins in human retinas.Methods A 35‐year‐old individual with Werner syndrome exhibited CME after YAG laser treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were indicative of CME in the right eye. The patient received topical eye drops (0.1% bromfenac sodium hydrate twice daily and 1% dorzolamide hydrochloride thrice daily), sub‐Tenon triamcinolone injection thrice, intravitreal bevacizumab injection twice, and pars plana vitrectomy in the right eye. Genetic analyses were performed to conduct diagnosis of the individual. To examine the expression and distribution of WRN proteins in the retinas, immunohistochemistry for WRN proteins in human retinas was performed.Results CME in the right eye could not be improved by any of the treatment. During the follow‐up period, CME developed in the left eye. Genetic analyses detected compound heterozygosity of Mut4 and Mut11 in WRN gene and the individual was diagnosed with Werner syndrome. Immunohistochemical analysis of WRN proteins expression in human retinas indicated that WRN proteins were expressed in Müller cells of the inner nuclear layer and the outer nuclear layer.Conclusion Patients with Werner syndrome may develop severe CME. A pathological link may exist between the potential mutation in WRN gene and the development of CME in patients with Werner syndrome.
Effect of hemodialysis on the ophthalmologic findings in chronic renal failure patients
Authors: CHIN H , JUNG J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the short‐term changes in the ophthalmologic findings including retinal thicness measured by SD‐OCT after HD.Methods Thirty eyes of 30 patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) undergoing HD were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into two groups according to the cause of CRF. Detailed ophthalmologic examinations were performed immediately before and after HD. The relationships between the systemic hemodynamic changes and the ophthalmologic changes during a single HD session were evaluated.Results The mean intraocular pressure decreased after HD with a mean decrease of 2.4±2.1 mmHg and the central corneal thickness decreased with a mean change of 6.9±5.4 μm. After HD, the ocular surface changed significantly; the tear break‐up time and basal tear secretion (Schirmer's test) decreased, whereas the keratoepitheliopathy score increased. The macular thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography decreased after HD. The mean decrease in the central subfield thickness was 7.4±9.9 μm. The ocular surface changes after HD affected the visual acuity and examination quality. A significant correlation was found between the changes in the systemic hemodynamic parameters and those in the ophthalmologic findings, except for the retinal thickness.Conclusion HD can affect the ophthalmologic findings in a short period of time. These changes correlated with the increase in plasma colloid osmotic pressure. In addition, for good examination quality, it is recommended that an ophthalmologic examination in CRF patients be performed on a non‐dialysis day or prior to HD on a dialysis day.
High‐altitude retinopathy
Authors: RUSSO A , AGARD E , BLEIN JP , EL CHEHAB H , RACT‐MADOUX G , SWALDUZ B , DOT C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report the clinical characteristics of 3 cases of high altitude retinopathy (HAR) and a review of the literature.Methods We report 3 cases of patients consulting for HAR after high trekking above 7000m.Results Patient 1 was a 27 years‐old man, high level sportsman, coming back from a GASNERBRUM expedition (7600m) and complaining of right eye central scotoma. Fundus examination revealed 2 haemorrhages : one next the fovea and one on the temporal arcade vessel. Patient 2 was a 52 years‐old man, high mountain guide, coming back from EVERSEST ascent (8000m) and complaining of left eye central scotoma and visual acuity deficit. Fundus examination found one parafoveal haemorrhage in the left eye and paramacular haemorrhages in the right eye. Patient 3 was a young 25 years‐old military doctor coming back from a high altitude expedition (7000m), he was complaining of right eye central scotoma during the descent and headache. Fundus examination found three macular haemorrhages and one on the inferior temporal arcade vessel. Only one of the three patients presented other symptomes of high altitude illness. All of us presented a positive outcome with complete functional and anatomical resolution of HAR, less than 2 month, without sequela.Conclusion The real incidence and physiopathology of HAR are not very well known. Retinal haemorrhages after a high trekking are an early manifestation of HAR and more generally high altitude illness. It usually occurs at altitudes above 4000m. While macular involvement or retinal vein occlusion may result in permanent visual acuity deficit, these haemorrhages are generally asymptomatic and spontaneous regressive.
Experimental study of the effect of femtosecond laser radiation on eye fundus and sclera morphology
Authors: ZADOROZHNYY O , PASYECHNIKOVA N , KOROL A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To study the macro‐ and microscopic changes in the structures of fundus and sclera in the experiment after exposure of femtosecond laser radiation with a wavelength of 800 nm.Methods As a source of laser radiation we used Ti: sapphire laser oscillator «Coherent», which allows to obtain a sequence of pulses of duration 130 fs and a repetition frequency of 76 MHz (wavelength ‐ 800 nm) and femtosecond regenerative amplifier Legend F‐1K‐HE, which provides a pulse frequency of 1 kHz, lasting no more than 130 fs and an energy of about 2.5 mJ. In th study of eye tissues after femtosecond laser exposure was carried out on enucleated porcine and bovine eyeResults After exposure of the laser radiation with 76 MHz frequency were revealed destruction of the photoreceptor layer, the layer of retinal pigment epithelium and endothelium of blood vessels in the retina. Observed the effect of coagulation. When using the laser frequency of 1 kHz are marked changes in the fundus structures associated only with the cavitation effect of the laser. After the femtosecond laser damage to the sclera have been reported the formation of a defect of the sclera, full thickness homogenization of the collagen fibers of the sclera, the disappearance of cells, destruction of pigment cells of uveal tract and retinal pigment epithelium.Conclusion During 130 fs laser using with 800 nm wavelength and high pulse frequency (76 MHz) marked cavitation effect in the tissues and thermal damage of retinal structures, mainly photoreceptor layer and retinal pigment epithelium. After laser radiation with low frequency (1 kHz) using dominates the mechanical cavitation effects on retinal and scleral structures.