bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic corticothalamic modulation of the somatosensory thalamocortical circuit during wakefulness
Authors: Dimwamwa Elaida D. , Pala Aurélie , Chundru Vivek , Wright Nathaniel C. , Stanley Garrett B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe feedback projections from cortical layer 6 (L6CT) to the sensory thalamus have long been implicated in playing a primary role in gating sensory signaling but remain poorly understood. To causally elucidate the full range of effects of these projections, we targeted silicon probe recordings to the whisker thalamocortical circuit of awake mice selectively expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in L6CT neurons. Through optogenetic manipulation of L6CT neurons, multi-site electrophysiological recordings, and modeling of L6CT circuitry, we establish L6CT neurons as dynamic modulators of ongoing spiking in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPm), either suppressing or enhancing VPm spiking depending on L6CT neurons’ firing rate and synchrony. Differential effects across the cortical excitatory and inhibitory sub-populations point to an overall influence of L6CT feedback on cortical excitability that could have profound implications for regulating sensory signaling across a range of ethologically relevant conditions.
Seismic evidence for melt-rich lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath young slab at Cascadia
Authors: Wang Xin , Chen Ling , Wang Kelin , Chen Qi-Fu , Zhan Zhongwen , Yang Jianfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) beneath oceanic plates is generally imaged as a sharp seismic velocity reduction, suggesting the presence of partial melts. However, the fate of a melt-rich LAB is unclear after these plates descend into the mantle at subduction zones. Recent geophysical studies suggest its persistence with down-going old and cold slabs, but whether or not it is commonly present remains unclear, especially for young and warm slabs such as in the Cascadia subduction zone. Here we provide evidence for its presence at Cascadia in the form of a large (9.8$$\pm$$
±
1.5$$\%$$
%
) decrease in shear-wave velocity over a very small (<3 km) depth interval. Similarly large and sharp seismic velocity reduction at the bottom of both old and young slabs, as well as along the base of oceanic plates before subduction, possibly represents widespread presence of melts. The melt-rich sub-slab LAB may strongly influence subduction dynamics and viscoelastic earthquake cycles.
Household alternating current electricity plug-and-play quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Jiming , Yuan Cuixia , Chen Shuming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs an intrinsically direct current device, quantum-dot LED cannot be directly driven by household alternating current electricity. Thus, a driver circuit is required, which increases the complexity and cost. Here, by using a transparent and conductive indium-zinc-oxide as an intermediate electrode, we develop a tandem quantum-dot LED that can be operated at both negative and positive alternating current cycles with an external quantum efficiency of 20.09% and 21.15%, respectively. Furthermore, by connecting multiple tandem devices in series, the panel can be directly driven by household alternating current electricity without the need for complicated back-end circuits. Under 220 V/50 Hz driving, the red plug-and-play panel demonstrates a power efficiency of 15.70 lm W−1 and a tunable brightness of up to 25,834 cd m−2. The developed plug-and-play quantum-dot LED panel could enable the production of cost-effective, compact, efficient, and stable solid-state light sources that can be directly powered by household alternating current electricity.
A dynamic nomogram for predict individual risk of malignant brain edema after endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Huiyuan , Xu Chenghua , Xiao Yu , Shen Panpan , Guo Shunyuan , Shang Yafei , Chen Xinyi , Xu Jie , Li Chunrong , Tan Mingming , Zhang Sheng , Geng Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a dynamic nomogram combining clinical and imaging data to predict malignant brain edema (MBE) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS). We analyzed the data of LVOS patients receiving EVT at our center from October 2018 to February 2023, and divided a 7:3 ratio into the training cohort and internal validation cohort, and we also prospectively collected patients from another stroke center for external validation. MBE was defined as a midline shift or pineal gland shift > 5 mm, as determined by computed tomography (CT) scans obtained within 7 days after EVT. A nomogram was constructed using logistic regression analysis, and its receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration were assessed in three cohorts. A total of 432 patients were enrolled in this study, with 247 in the training cohort, 100 in the internal validation cohort, and 85 in the external validation cohort. MBE occurred in 24% (59) in the training cohort, 16% (16) in the internal validation cohort and 14% (12) in the external validation cohort. After adjusting for various confounding factors, we constructed a nomogram including the clot burden score (CBS), baseline neutrophil count, core infarct volume on CTP before EVT, collateral index, and the number of retrieval attempts. The AUCs of the training cohorts were 0.891 (95% CI 0.840–0.942), the Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed good calibration of the nomogram (P = 0.879). And our nomogram performed well in both internal and external validation data. Our nomogram demonstrates promising potential in identifying patients at elevated risk of MBE following EVT for LVOS.
Influence of low-cost Thai leucoxene minerals on the growth, bioactive compounds, and antibacterial activities of Chrysanthemum indium L. cuttings in in vitro culture
Authors: Pavasupree Sorapong , Chanchula Nattapong , Nunya Narittaya , Kashima Sirinya , Nakorn Pariya Na , Thongaram Esther , Shindo Yayoi , Bootchanont Atipong , Wattanawikkam Chakkaphan , Noonuruk Russameeruk , Srilopan Kamonporn , Porjai Porramain 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effects of low-cost Thai leucoxene mineral (LM) at different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/L) on the growth and antibacterial properties of Chrysanthemum indium L. cuttings under in vitro were evaluated. The primary chemical composition of LM was approximately 86% titanium dioxide (TiO2), as determined by dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The crystalline structure, shape, and size were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. LM at 40 and 50 mg/L significantly increased plant height, leaf number, node number, and fresh and dry weight. These growth-promoting properties were accompanied by improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, LM treatment at 40 and 50 mg/L had positive effects on antibacterial activity, as indicated by the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The high levels of phenolic compounds in the plants contributed to the MIC and MBC values. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of LM in enhancing the growth of Chrysanthemum plants in in vitro culture and improving their antibacterial abilities.
Achieving water-floatable photocatalyst on recycled bamboo chopsticks
Authors: Guan Sujun , Wang Lijun , Hao Liang , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Itoi Takaomi , Lu Yun , Terashima Chiaki , Fujishima Akira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDisposable bamboo chopsticks (DBCs) are difficult to recycle, which inevitably cause secondary pollution. Based on energy and environmental issues, we propose a facile strategy to fabricate floatable photocatalyst (fPC) coated onto DBCs, which can be flexibly used in water purification. The photocatalyst of titania and titanium carbide on bamboo (TiO2/TiC@b) was successfully constructed from TiC-Ti powders and DBCs using a coating technique followed heat treatment in carbon powder, and the fPC exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light irradation. The analysis results indicate that rutile TiO2 forms on TiC during heat treatment, achieving a low-density material with an average value of approximately 0.5233 g/cm3. The coatings of TiO2/TiC on the bamboo are firm and uniform, with a particle size of about 20–50 nm. XPS results show that a large amount of oxygen vacancies is generated, due to the reaction atmosphere of more carbon and less oxygen, further favoring to narrowing the band gap of TiO2. Furthermore, TiO2 formed on residual TiC would induce the formation of a heterojunction, which effectively inhibits the photogenerated electron–hole recombination via the charge transfer effect. Notably, the degradation of dye Rhodamine B (Rh.B) is 62.4% within 3 h, while a previous adsorption of 36.0% for 1 h. The excellent photocatalytic performance of TiO2/TiC@b can be attributed to the enhanced reaction at the water/air interface due to the reduced light loss in water, improved visible-light response, increased accessible area and charge transfer effect. Our findings show that the proposed strategy achieves a simple, low-cost, and mass-producible method to fabricate fPC onto the used DBCs, which is expected to applied in multiple fields, especially in waste recycling and water treatment.
The IPCC’s reductive Common Era temperature history
Authors: Esper Jan , Smerdon Jason E. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Allen Kathryn , Cook Edward R. , D’Arrigo Rosanne , Guillet Sébastien , Ljungqvist Fredrik C. , Reinig Frederick , Schneider Lea , Sigl Michael , Stoffel Markus , Trnka Mirek , Wilson Rob , Büntgen Ulf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCommon Era temperature variability has been a prominent component in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports over the last several decades and was twice featured in their Summary for Policymakers. A single reconstruction of mean Northern Hemisphere temperature variability was first highlighted in the 2001 Summary for Policymakers, despite other estimates that existed at the time. Subsequent reports assessed many large-scale temperature reconstructions, but the entirety of Common Era temperature history in the most recent Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was restricted to a single estimate of mean annual global temperatures. We argue that this focus on a single reconstruction is an insufficient summary of our understanding of temperature variability over the Common Era. We provide a complementary perspective by offering an alternative assessment of the state of our understanding in high-resolution paleoclimatology for the Common Era and call for future reports to present a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of our knowledge about this important period of human and climate history.
Perspectives of soil nanoremediation: the case of nano zerovalent iron and metal(loid) contaminants
Authors: Komárek Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe use of nano zero-valent iron in environmental remediation has gained much attention in the last two decades. While these engineered nanoparticles have been successfully used in groundwater remediation, their potential in soil remediation remains limited, mainly due to the associated higher costs and comparable efficiency when compared to conventional iron-based materials, e.g., iron grit. Additionally, there is still a limited number of studies describing their efficiency under field conditions, possible toxicological issues, including toxicity to humans, LCA of the technology, and its economic viability in general. This perspective article aims to describe the mechanisms behind this technology and critically review the potentials and drawbacks of nZVI use in the remediation of soil contaminated with metals and metalloids as its potential for its widespread use in soil remediation is probably still limited.
Structural basis of Zika virus NS1 multimerization and human antibody recognition
Authors: Chew Bing Liang Alvin , Ngoh An Qi , Phoo Wint Wint , Weng Mei Jie Grace , Sheng Ho Jun , Chan Kitti Wing Ki , Tan Eddie Yong Jun , Gelbart Terri , Xu Chenrui , Tan Gene S. , Vasudevan Subhash G. , Luo Dahai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) belongs to theFlavivirusgenus of theFlaviviridaefamily along with the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1–4). The recent global outbreaks of contemporary ZIKV strains demonstrated that infection can lead to neurological sequelae in adults and severe abnormalities in newborns that were previously unreported with ancestral strains. As such, there remains an unmet need for efficacious vaccines and antiviral agents against ZIKV. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is secreted from the infected cell and is thought to be associated with disease severity besides its proven usefulness for differential diagnoses. However, its physiologically relevant structure and pathogenesis mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we present high-resolution cryoEM structures of ZIKV recombinant secreted NS1 (rsNS1) and its complexes with three human monoclonal antibodies (AA12, EB9, GB5), as well as evidence for ZIKV infection-derived secreted NS1 (isNS1) binding to High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). We show that ZIKV rsNS1 forms tetramers and filamentous repeats of tetramers. We also observed that antibody binding did not disrupt the ZIKV NS1 tetramers as they bound to the wing and connector subdomain of the β-ladder. Our study reveals new insights into NS1 multimerization, highlights the need to distinguish the polymorphic nature of rsNS1 and isNS1, and expands the mechanistic basis of the protection conferred by antibodies targeting NS1.
miRNA-142-3p aggravates hydrogen peroxide-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell premature senescence by targeting SIRT1
Authors: Tong Pengfei , Zhang Jingke , Liu Shuang , An Jiyang , Jing Gehan , Ma Laifeng , Wang Ruihua , Wang Zhengfeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell premature senescence plays an important part in stroke. Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in the pathological process of vascular endothelial cell premature senescence. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced premature senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and effect of miR-142-3p on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced premature senescence. HUVECs were exposed to H2O2 to establish a model premature senescence in endothelial cells. CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cell viability. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining assay and senescence-related proteins p16 and p21 were used to detect changes in the degree of cell senescence. RT-qPCR and Western blot were conducted to measure mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The scratch wound-healing assay, transwell assay, and EdU assay were performed to evaluate the ability of migration and proliferation, respectively. miRNA-142-3p and silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) binding was verified using Targetscan software and a dual-luciferase assay. We found that miRNA-142-3p is abnormally up-regulated in HUVECs treated with H2O2. Functionally, miRNA-142-3p inhibition may mitigate the degree of HUVEC senescence and improve HUVEC migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, SIRT1 was validated to be targeted by miRNA-142-3p in HUVECs. Moreover, SIRT1 inhibition reversed the effects of miRNA-142-3p inhibition on senescent HUVECs exposed to H2O2. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that miRNA-142-3p ameliorates H2O2-induced HUVECs premature senescence by targeting SIRT1 and may shed light on the role of the miR-142-3p/SIRT1 axis in stroke treatment.
Protein disulfide isomerase uses thrombin–antithrombin complex as a template to bind its target protein and alter the blood coagulation rates
Authors: Khan Abdul Burhan , Siddiqui Urfi , Fatima Sana , Rehman Ahmed Abdur , Jairajpuri Mohamad Aman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
During inflammation and situations of cellular stress protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is released in the blood plasma from the platelet and endothelial cells to influence thrombosis. The addition of exogenous PDI makes the environment pro-thrombotic by inducing disulfide bond formation in specific plasma protein targets like vitronectin, factor V, and factor XI. However, the mechanistic details of PDI interaction with its target remain largely unknown. A decrease in the coagulation time was detected in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) on addition of the purified recombinant PDI (175 nM). The coagulation time can be controlled using an activator (quercetin penta sulfate, QPS) or an inhibitor (quercetin 3-rutinoside, Q3R) of PDI activity. Likewise, the PDI variants that increase the PDI activity (H399R) decrease, and the variant with low activity (C53A) increases the blood coagulation time. An SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the PDI does not form a stable complex with either thrombin or antithrombin (ATIII) but it uses the ATIII–thrombin complex as a template to bind and maintain its activity. A complete inhibition of thrombin activity on the formation of ATIII–thrombin–PDI complex, and the complex-bound PDI-catalyzed disulfide bond formation of the target proteins may control the pro- and anti-thrombotic role of PDI.
A special issue of Essays in Biochemistry on computational biology
Authors: Rohwer Johann M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Computational biology is a diverse research field that has gained increasing importance over the last two decades. Broadly, it aims to apply computational approaches to advance our understanding of biological systems. This can take place on multiple levels, for example, by creating computational models of specific biological systems, by developing algorithms that assist in the analysis of experimental data, or by investigating fundamental biological design principles through modelling. The articles in this special issue highlight and review four such distinct applications of computational biology.
Research on SAR image denoising method based on feature extraction
Authors: Wei Shaoming , Ma Xin , Qu Fangrui , Wang Jun , Liang Tian , Chen Dehong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to the excellent characteristics of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), it has become an important technical means for land and sea target detection applications worldwide. However, the SAR image imaging process is often accompanied by speckle noise, which affects the accuracy of target detection. For this problem, this paper proposes an SAR image reconstruction model based on image denoising and feature extraction. Given a noisy SAR image, at each pixel of the image, the value of the singularity index of a metric defined by the signal gradient norm density is calculated. Then through a hierarchical decomposition of these singular indices, a set of pixels containing the most informative feature set of the image is extracted, and a denoised image is reconstructed using the extracted features. In comparison to traditional filtering and denoising techniques such as non‐local filtering, this algorithm achieves remarkable local filtering and denoising effects while preserving the image's texture information. The denoising performance of the proposed method is evaluated through a series of quantitative indicators and visual comparisons. The results demonstrate that this method effectively reduces background clutter, resulting in a higher contrast between the target and the background.
Bandwidth‐enhanced horizontally polarized omnidirectional slot antenna based on single‐ridge trapezoidal waveguide
Authors: Ye Kai , You Yang , Shen Shuhao , Lu Yunlong , Huang Jifu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis letter presents a Ku‐band horizontally polarized (HP) omnidirectional antenna based on single‐ridge trapezoidal waveguide (STW). Four groups of longitudinal slots are etched on a pair of back‐to‐back arranged STWs to achieve the HP omnidirectional radiation performance. The number and distribution of each radiation slot group are optimized to reduce the gain variation. An out‐of‐phase stripline power divider cascaded with two probe‐based vertical power dividers is used to excite all radiating slots in a series‐parallel hybrid structure, which helps to enhance the boresight radiation bandwidth. For demonstration, a prototype covering 14.5 to 15.5 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. Experimental results show that the good impedance matching (|S11|←14 dB) and the measured out‐of‐roundness for the omnidirectional radiation pattern are less than 4.4 dB within the desired frequency band. High gain and wideband omnidirectional radiation characteristics can provide a wide range of coverage and good signal transmission performance for outdoor wireless communication systems.
Self‐powered HP‐LED intelligent energy management system with adaptive brightness adjustment
Authors: Hu Qi , Chen Qing , Jia Hongzhi , Xu Shuxi , Liu Yuan , Li Yuannian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe energy harvesting system achieved from one environmental energy channel is facing more and more challenges in meeting the power supply of electronic energy‐consuming devices. In this study, a combined photovoltaic (PV) and Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) energy management system is proposed with intelligent self‐powered technique for high‐power light‐emitting diodes (HP‐LED) lighting. Both the solar energy and waste heat induced by PV and HP‐LED are synchronously converted into electrical energy. Self‐powered by this gathered power, an adaptive light intensity control of HP‐LED is also realized using the established feedback path between ambient light and HP‐LED light. Experimental results show that the supply voltage of the TEG required for startup of the whole system can be decreased as 20.8 mV. Only 10 s is needed to complete the startup process under sufficient light, while 25 s in case of insufficient conditions. This energy management can provide a new technology for future smart home and greenhouse planting.
YOLO‐UOD: An underwater small object detector via improved efficient layer aggregation network
Authors: Chen Weiwen , Zhuang Tingting , Zhang Yuanfang , Mei Teng , Tang Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurate detection of underwater objects is a key indicator technology to effectively enhance the field of marine development and application, and is of great importance to various fields including marine military defense and seafood aquaculture. Efficient and rapid detection of underwater targets is a crucial technological challenge in this field. To meet the challenges posed by these issues, this study applies the convolutional omni‐efficient layer aggregation network (CO‐ELAN) module to the detector backbone to improve the ability of the network structure to acquire underwater objects from image information. The module improves the feature representation of gradient branching through a multi‐dimensional dynamic convolution and attention mechanism. In terms of loss calculation, the optimized normalized Wasserstein distance approach is used to predict the box distribution probabilistic modelling method to determine comparable distances to the ground box and obtain better samples of small target labels. Here, an underwater image enhancement algorithm based on white balance and underwater blur fusion is used to obtain clear images that enable improved detector performance. After the verification experiment on the URPC2018 dataset, it is found that the detector has better underwater detection ability compared with other detectors in the complex underwater environment. The proposed method achieves a 2.4% improvement over the YOLOv7 baseline model, while reducing computation costs by 5%.