bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The state, race, and immigrant adaptation: A comparative analysis of the Korean diaspora in Japan and the United States
Authors: Suzuki Kazuko 
Published: May 2012

What accounts for varying forms of adaptation of immigrants to host countries? Despite their common ethnic origin, Korean immigrants demonstrate very different adaptation pa erns in Japan and the United States. By elucidating the importance of different national peculiarities in racial ideology, this article argues that Korean immigrants are racialized differently given different circumstances and structural conditions in these two countries. Employing a cross-national comparison focusing on a single ethnic group, this study shows that cultural and racial similarities between immigrants and the mainstream of the host society do not guarantee smooth assimilation. This article concludes that in the long run, differences in modes of incorporation are more relevant to immigrant adaptation than visible racial or cultural differences between the immigrants and the mainstream of the host society. Spanish
¿Cómo se explican las diversas formas de adaptación de inmigrantes en los países receptores? A pesar de su origen étnico común, los inmigrantes coreanos han mostrado patrones de adaptación muy diferentes en Japón y los Estados Unidos. Al mostrar la importancia de las diferentes peculiaridades nacionales en la ideología racial, este artículo argumenta que los inmigrantes coreanos son racializados diferencialmente de acuerdo a las distintas circunstancias y las condiciones estructurales en estos dos países. A través de una comparación transnacional centrada en un solo grupo étnico, este estudio muestra que las similitudes raciales y culturales entre los inmigrantes y la mayoría de la sociedad de acogida, no garantizan una fácil asimilación. En este artículo se concluye que, en el largo plazo, las diferencias en los modos de incorporación son más relevantes para la adaptación de los inmigrantes que las visibles diferencias raciales / culturales entre los inmigrantes y la generalidad de la sociedad receptora. French
Comment expliquer les formes variables de l'adaptation des immigrants dans le pays hôte ? En dépit de leur origine ethnique commune, les immigrants coréens ont montré des modes d'adaptation très différents au Japon et aux Etats-Unis. En montrant l'importance de certaines particularités nationales pour l'idéologie raciale, cet article soutient que ces immigrants coréens sont racialement différenciés en fonction des situations et des conditions structurelles différentes dans ces deux pays. Par le biais d'une comparaison transnationale portant sur un seul groupe ethnique, ce e étude montre que les similarités culturelles et raciales entre les immigrants et la société-hôte traditionnelle ne sont pas les garantes d'une assimilation aisée. Cet article conclut que, sur le long-terme, les modes d'incorporation sont plus importants pour l'adaptation des immigrants que les différences raciales/culturelles visibles entre les immigrants et la société traditionnelle de l'Etat-hôte.
Mitochondrial Genetic Differentiation of Spirlin (Actinopterigii Cyprinidae) in the South Caspian Sea basin of Iran
Authors: Seifali Mahvash , Arshad Aziz , Moghaddam Faezeh Yazdani , Esmaeili Hamid Reza , Kiabi Bahram H. , Daud Siti Khalijah , Aliabadian Mansour 
Published: May 2012

Background Knowledge about Alburnoides remains lacking relative to many other species, resulting in a lack of a systematic position and taxonomic diagnosis. Basic biological information for Alburnoides has been constructed, and it is necessary to understand further and obtain more information about this species. Its phylogenetic relationships are still debated and no molecular data have been used to study this taxon in Iran. A holistic approach for genetic methods was adopted to analyze possible spirlin population differences at selected centers in the south Caspian Sea basin of Iran. Methods The phylogenetic relationships were determined based on 774 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 32 specimens of spirlin from nine locations in the south Caspian Sea drainage basin of Iran. The nucleotide sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Results The mitochondrial gene tree largely supports the existence of three major clades. The western populations (clade I) may be considered as Alburnoides eichwaldii, whereas the Talar river populations (clade II) are represented as Alburnoides sp. 1 and the eastern populations (clade III) may be distinct taxa of Alburnoides sp.2. Conclusion This molecular evidence supports the hypothesis that A. bipunctatus does not exist in the south Caspian Sea basin of Iran, and that the western and eastern populations are distinct taxa.
Paul Bowles's First Insight into the Interaction with North African Alterity in “Tea on the Mountain”
Authors: Gomes Fernando 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
In his early short story “Tea on the Mountain,” the novelist Paul Bowles explores the motifs of North African alterity and the impossibility of true contact with the other, due to the enduring influence of colonialist discourse, which would later become obsessive themes in his more mature fiction.
Magnetic Anisotropy of Cr7Ni Spin Clusters on Surfaces
Authors: Corradini Valdis , Ghirri Alberto , Garlatti Elena , Biagi Roberto , De Renzi Valentina , del Pennino Umberto , Bellini Valerio , Carretta Stefano , Santini Paolo , Timco Grigore , Winpenny Richard E. P. , Affronte Marco 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe problem of the experimental and theoretical determination of magnetic anisotropy in isolated molecular spin clusters is addressed here. To this end, the case of molecular Cr7Ni rings sublimated in ultrahigh vacuum conditions and assembled in an ordered fashion on Au(111) surface is addressed and investigated using X‐ray magnetic dichroism (XMCD) and theoretical calculations. Fixing the experimental conditions at a temperature T = 8 K and a magnetic field of 5 T, the angular‐dependence of the dichroic signal reveals an easy‐axis anisotropy for the Ni magnetization along the direction perpendicular to the ring while the magnetization of the whole Cr7Ni molecule is preferentially aligned within the ring plane. These features are well reproduced by spin Hamiltonian simulations, which reflect the character of the S = 3/2 first excited multiplet, dominating at T = 8 K and 5 T. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that local spin orbit interactions determine an easy axis anisotropy at the Ni site while the Cr magnetic moment turns out to be more isotropic. This is the first direct observation of the interplay between the single ion and the overall magnetic anisotropy in complex (polynuclear) molecular systems.
Enhancement of Thermoelectric Figure of Merit by the Insertion of MgTe Nanostructures in p‐type PbTe Doped with Na2Te
Authors: Ohta Michihiro , Biswas Kanishka , Lo Shih‐Han , He Jiaqing , Chung Duck Young , Dravid Vinayak P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe thermoelectric properties of crystalline melt‐grown ingots of p‐type PbTe–xMgTe (x = 1–3 mol%) doped with Na2Te (1–2 mol%) were investigated over the temperature range of 300 K to 810 K. While the powder X‐ray diffraction patterns show that all samples crystallize in the NaCl‐type structure with no MgTe or other phases present, transmission electron microscopy reveals ubiquitous MgTe nanoprecipitates in the PbTe. The very small amounts of MgTe in PbTe have only a small effect on the electrical transport properties of the system, while they have a large effect on thermal transport significantly reducing the lattice thermal conductivity. A ZT of 1.6 at 780 K is achieved for the PbTe containing 2% MgTe doped with 2% Na2Te.
1.9 Mb microdeletion of 21q22.11 within Braddock–Carey contiguous gene deletion syndrome region: Dissecting the phenotype
Authors: Izumi Kosuke , Brooks Susan S. , Feret Holly A. , Zackai Elaine H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBraddock–Carey syndrome is characterized by Pierre Robin sequence, agenesis of the corpus callosum, facial dysmorphisms, developmental delay, and congenital thrombocytopenia. Recently, Braddock–Carey syndrome was demonstrated to be caused by chromosomal microdeletion in 21q22 including the RUNX1 gene, whose haploinsufficiency is responsible for thrombocytopenia phenotype. Therefore, the syndrome has emerged as a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. Here, we describe an infant with Pierre Robin sequence, facial anomalies, congenital heart defects, hypotonia, and the absence of thrombocytopenia, who was found to have a 1.9 Mb microdeletion within the Braddock–Carey contiguous deletion syndrome region. This deletion spares the RUNX1 gene, narrowing the genomic region responsible for a part of the Braddock–Carey syndrome phenotype. Further studies are awaited to understand the role of the genes located within 21q22 in the pathogenesis of Braddock–Carey syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of tooth enamel mechanical properties in primate dietary adaptation
Authors: Constantino Paul J. , Lee James J.‐W. , Gerbig Yvonne , Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Talebi Mauricio , Lawn Brian R. , Lucas Peter W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPrimate teeth adapt to the physical properties of foods in a variety of ways including changes in occlusal morphology, enamel thickness, and overall size. We conducted a comparative study of extant primates to examine whether their teeth also adapt to foods through variation in the mechanical properties of the enamel. Nanoindentation techniques were used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across tooth sections from the enamel‐dentin junction to the outer enamel surface in a broad sample of primates including apes, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and lemurs. The measured data profiles feature considerable overlap among species, indicating a high degree of commonality in mechanical properties. These results suggest that differences in the load‐bearing capacity of primate molar teeth are more a function of morphology—particularly tooth size and enamel thickness—than of underlying mechanical properties. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:171–177, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platyrrhine incisors and diet
Authors: Deane Andrew 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDespite the relatively large size of anthropoid incisors in relation to the remainder of the dental arcade, and their prominent role in the preprocessing of food prior to ingestion, comparatively little is known about the functional morphology of anthropoid incisor shape and crown curvature. The relationship between incisor allometry and diet is well documented for both platyrrhines and catarrhines; however, similar relationships between incisor shape and crown curvature have to date only been reported for living and fossil members of the superfamily Hominoidea. Given the limited taxonomic diversity among the extant members of that group, it is difficult to firmly establish the relative influence of phylogeny and dietary function in the governance of incisor crown curvature. Unlike hominoids, which are represented by only five living genera, extant platyrrhines are a more varied group that includes 16 ecologically diverse genera. In an effort to clarify the functional relationship between maxillary and mandibular incisor crown curvature and diet, this study uses high resolution polynomial curve fitting to quantify mesiodistal and cervicoincisal curvature for a taxonomically diverse platyrrhine sample (n = 133 individuals representing 18 taxa) with well documented dietary behavior. Results were consistent with prior analyses of hominoid incisor curvature and identify a significant and positive correlation between incisor crown curvature and diet such that increasing curvature is associated with a proportionate increase in frugivory. These results are independent confirmation of the results reported from a previous analysis of hominoid incisor curvature and provide new evidence to suggest that diet is the primary governing factor influencing anthropoid incisor curvature. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:249–261, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utilization of waste polystyrene and starch for superabsorbent composite preparation
Authors: Ismail Hanafi , Irani Maryam , Ahmad Zulkifli 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA superabsorbent composed of waste polystyrene, starch, and acrylic acid was prepared through emulsion polymerization. The effects of major factors such as starch, acrylic acid, initiator, crosslinker, and bentonite contents and the neutralization degree of acrylic acid on water absorbency were investigated to obtain optimum conditions with high swelling capacity. The superabsorbent hydrogel was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR results confirmed that the grafting polymerization took place among the polystyrene, acrylic acid, starch, and bentonite. The introduction of bentonite particles into the polystyrene‐g‐poly (acrylic acid)‐co‐starch system could increase the water absorbency. The superabsorbent composite containing 3 wt % bentonite had the highest water absorbency (500 g/g in distilled water and 49 g/g in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Geometrical bowing and molecular orientation angle in biaxially stretched poly(ethylene terephthalate) films
Authors: Koerber Alois , Lund Roland , Langowski Horst‐Christian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate in greater detail the occurrence of geometrical bowing and the average molecular orientation direction in biaxially stretched and annealed film webs and to determine possible causes for these effects at a morphological level. This involved studying the temperature‐dependent behavior of annealed and nonannealed film webs and determining the geometrical bowing and average molecular orientation direction across the working width of the film. The average molecular orientation direction was measured offline using a polarimeter and also online using a novel online orientation sensor. It was shown that the geometrical bowing correlates directly with the amount of film shrinkage in machine direction which occurs during annealing in the transverse direction orienter. In addition, a possible explanation is given for the greater increase in the molecular orientation angle at the film edges compared with the geometrical bowing. Good agreement was found between online and offline measurement of the molecular orientation angle. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The Fluorophore 4′,6‐Diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) Induces DNA Folding in Long Double‐Stranded DNA
Authors: Beccia Maria Rosa , Biver Tarita , Pardini Alberto , Spinelli Jacopo , Secco Fernando , Venturini Marcella , Busto Vázquez Natalia , Lopez Cornejo Maria Pilar , Martin Herrera Victoria Isabel , Prado Gotor Rafael 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDAPI (4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) is a widely used fluorescent dye, whose complicated binding features to DNAs and RNAs have been the object of debates and are still not fully understood. In this study, different approaches were employed, including binding equilibrium measurements (spectrofluorometry), melting experiments (spectrophotometry), viscometric measurements, circular dichroism, and T‐jump kinetic analyses; all data concur in shedding light on the complex mechanistic aspects of the binding mode of DAPI to natural DNA. Conditions are found that induce the mode of the DAPI/DNA interaction to change from groove binding to intercalation. Moreover, it is observed, for the first time, that DAPI is able to induce the formation of a rather compact polymer–dye adduct under particular conditions. The results suggest that this form is a folded or coiled DNA structure stabilized by DAPI dye bridges.
An Electron‐Deficient Porphyrin Tape
Authors: Mori Hirotaka , Tanaka Takayuki , Aratani Naoki , Lee Byung Sun , Kim Pyosang , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHexakis(pentafluorophenyl)‐substituted meso–meso‐linked ZnII–diporphyrin (9), which was prepared by the acid‐catalyzed cross‐condensation of 1,1,2,2‐tetrapyrroethane (5) with dipyrromethane dicarbinol (6), was converted into meso–meso,β‐β,β‐β triply linked ZnII–diporphyrin 3 by oxidation with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) and Sc(OTf)3. Beside the red‐shifted absorption spectrum and split first oxidation potential that are common to the triply‐linked ZnII–diporphyrins, diporphyrin 3 exhibited considerably improved chemical stability owing to a lowered HOMO and good solubility in common organic solvents. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross‐section and S1‐state lifetime of compound 3 were 1700 GM and 3.3 ps, respectively.
Application of principal component analysis to determine the key structural features contributing to iron superoxide dismutase thermostability
Authors: Ding Yanrui , Cai Yujie , Han Yonggang , Zhao Bingqiang , Zhu Lei 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIron superoxide dismutase (Fe‐SOD) is predominantly found in bacteria and mitochondria. The thermal stability of Fe‐SOD from different sources can vary dramatically. We have studied the influence of structural parameters on Fe‐SOD thermostability by principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that an increased α‐helical and turn content, an increased α‐helix and loop length, an increase in the number of main‐main chains and charged‐uncharged hydrogen bonds, a decrease in the 310‐helix content, and a decreased β‐strand and loop length are all important factors for Fe‐SOD thermostability. Interestingly, the use of charged residues to form salt bridges is tendentious in thermophilic Fe‐SOD. Negatively charged Arg and positively charged Glu are efficiently used to form salt bridges. The cooperative action of the exposed area, the hydrogen bonds, and the secondary structure plays a crucial role in resisting high temperatures, which demonstrates that the increased stability of thermophilic Fe‐SOD is provided by several structural factors acting together. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:864–872, 2012.
User‐guided volumetric approximation using swept sphere volumes for physically based animation
Authors: Bae Myungsoo , Kim Jinwook , Kim Young J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe present an efficient, user‐guided volumetric approximation algorithm, specifically designed for physically based animation. Our method combines automatic and interactive segmentation methods to give users an intuitive and easy way to approximate 3D meshes. Our approach first constructs the simplified medial axis transform of the input mesh object, and segments the medial axis into parts in terms of swept sphere volumes using a region growing method. Then, we decompose the object surface into regions based on the mapping between the segmented medial axis and the object surface. Each segmented region is approximated with a swept sphere volume. These decomposed surface regions can be interactively refined further by splitting and/or merging using a sketch‐based input. Experimental results show that our approach produces good volumetric approximation results for different types of object shapes. Moreover, rigid‐body dynamics simulation based on our volumetric approximation provides a visually pleasing result. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of Iterative Carbohydrate Transfer to Polysaccharide Catalyzed by Chondroitin Polymerase on a Highly Sensitive Flow‐Type 27 MHz Quartz‐Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Mori Toshiaki , Kodera Takayuki , Yoshimine Hiroshi , Kakuta Yoshimitsu , Sugiura Nobuo , Kimata Koji , Okahata Yoshio 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUsing a highly sensitive flow‐type 27 MHz quartz crystal microbalance, we could detect a small mass change during stepwise and alternating one‐sugar transfer of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to an acceptor, catalyzed by chondroitin polymerase from Escherichia coli strain K4 (K4CP), and analyze the elongation mechanism of K4CP. K4CP was found to bind strongly to a chondroitin acceptor (Kd=0.97 μM). Although the binding affinity and the catalytic rate constant for each monomer were considerably different, the apparent catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) was similar (6.3×104 M−1 s−1 for GlcA transfer and 3.4×104 M−1 s−1 for the GalNAc transfer). This is reasonable for the smooth alternating elongation of GlcA and GalNAc on the acceptor. This is the first study to report the determination of kinetic parameters for enzymatic, alternated, sugar elongation.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion‐Induced Solid Solution Electrochemical Behavior in Iron Tavorite Phosphates.
Authors: Ellis Brian L. , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLiFePO4(OH)0.4F0.6 is hydrothermally prepared from mixtures of FePO4, LiF, and H2O (autoclave, 200 °C, 16 h) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, and electrochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Cs3(O3)2 (O2)·NH3: The First Mixed Alkali Metal Ozonide Superoxide.
Authors: Nuss Hanne , Jansen Martin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by reaction of CsO2, CsO3, and trace amounts of NH4Cl in liquid ammonia (200 K, 14 d, 33% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Addition of Capping Groups to the Phosphomolybdate Keggin Anion [PMo12O40]3‐ by Mild, Non‐Aqueous Reductive Aggregation.
Authors: Bakri Ridla , Booth Andrew , Harle Gavin , Middleton Paul S. , Wills Corinne , Clegg William , Harrington Ross W. , Errington R. John 
Published: May 2012

AbstractControlled reductive assembly of capped Keggin‐type polyoxometalates is achieved by mild, non‐aqueous reduction of [PMo12O40]3‐ with sodium‐mercury amalgam in the presence of metal halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by Iron Chloride Hexahydrate/TEMPO in the Presence of Silica Gel.
Authors: Wang Lianyue , Li Jun , Lv Ying , Zhao Gongda , Gao Shuang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient catalyst system is used for the oxidation of benzylic alcohols in the presence of silica gel using molecular oxygen as terminal oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Switch of Reaction Pathway Induced by Solid Support and Ultrasound.
Authors: Doan Tan L. H. , Le Thach N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe reaction of benzyl bromide with toluene in the presence of KCN and Lewis acid Al2O3 proceeds via Friedel—Crafts pathway to give a regioisomeric mixture of o‐ and p‐benzyltoluene (III)/(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of δ‐Bromo γ,δ‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds via Palladium‐Catalyzed Bromoalkylation of Alkynoates.
Authors: Wen Yanmei , Huang Liangbin , Jiang Huanfeng , Chen Huoji 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe new, regio‐ and stereoselective method produces δ‐bromo γ,δ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds as versatile building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Zhang Ke , Qiu Xiao‐Long , Huang Yangen , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTwo competitive methods to prepare trifluoromethylated aromatic alkynes are developed using Ag2CO3 or molecular oxygen as oxidants.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Amino Esters by a Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Steurer Marianne , Jensen Kim L. , Worgull Dennis , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe method involves an asymmetric [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition reaction between (Z)‐olefinic azlactones (I) and ethyl buta‐2,3‐dienoate (II), in situ ring opening of the lactone and esterification.
ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Synthesis of (Z)‐2‐Chloro‐1,3‐diarylpropen‐1‐ones by Vilsmeier Reagent (Bis‐(trichloromethyl) carbonate/DMF).
Authors: Weng Yi Yi. , Li Jian Jun , Su Wei Ke 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTreatment of epoxides (I) with Vilsmeier reagent generated from triphosgene and DMF results in the selective formation of (Z)‐2‐chloro‐propenones (II) (14 examples).