bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoprotegerin production by breast cancer cells is suppressed by dexamethasone and confers resistance against TRAIL‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Rachner Tilman D. , Benad Peggy , Rauner Martina , Goettsch Claudia , Singh Shiv K. , Schoppet Michael , Hofbauer Lorenz C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a decoy receptor for receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL). While RANKL is essential for osteoclastogenesis and facilitates breast cancer migration into bone, TRAIL promotes breast cancer apoptosis. We analyzed the expression of OPG and TRAIL and its modulation in estrogen receptor‐positive MCF‐7 cells and receptor‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In both cells, OPG mRNA levels and protein secretion were dose‐ and time‐dependently enhanced by interleukin (IL)‐1β and suppressed by dexamethasone. In contrast to MCF‐7 cells, MDA‐MB‐231 abundantly expressed TRAIL mRNA, which was enhanced by IL‐1β and inhibited by dexamethasone. TRAIL activated pro‐apoptotic caspase‐3, ‐7, and poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerase and decreased cell numbers of MDA‐MB‐231, but had no effect on MCF‐7 cells. Gene silencing siRNA directed against OPG resulted in a 31% higher apoptotic rate compared to non‐target siRNA‐treated MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, TRAIL induced significantly less apoptosis in cells cultured in conditioned media (containing OPG) compared to cells exposed to TRAIL in fresh medium lacking OPG (P < 0.01) and these protective effects were reversed by blocking OPG with its specific ligand RANKL (P < 0.05). The association between cancer cell survival and OPG production by MDA‐MB‐231 cells was further supported by the finding, that modulation of OPG secretion using IL‐1β or dexamethasone prior to TRAIL exposure resulted in decreased and increased rate of apoptosis, respectively (P < 0.05). Thus, OPG secretion by breast cancer cells is modulated by cytokines and dexamethasone, and may represent a critical resistance mechanism that protects against TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 106–116, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation of synovial CD‐105+ human mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocyte‐like cells through spheroid formation
Authors: Arufe M.C. , De la Fuente A. , Fuentes‐Boquete I. , De Toro Francisco J. , Blanco Francisco J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into several cell lineages, some of which can generate bone, cartilage, or adipose tissue. The presence of MSCs in the synovial membrane was recently reported. Data from comparative studies of MSCs derived from various mesenchymal tissues suggest that MSCs from synovial membranes have a superior chondrogenesis capacity. Previous chondrogenic differentiation studies have used the total population of MSCs, including cells with several MSC markers, such as CD44, CD90, CD105, or CD73. However the chondrogenic capacity of an individual population of MSCs has not been examined. Our aim was to study the chondrogenic capacity of the cellular MSC subset, CD105+, derived from synovial membrane tissues of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and normal donors. The tissues were digested with a cocktail of collagenase/dispase and the isolated MSCs were seeded into plates. The subpopulation of CD105+‐MSCs was separated using a magnetic separator. The MSCs were then differentiated towards chondrocyte‐like cells using a specific medium to promote spheroid formation. Spheroids were collected after 14, 28, and 46 days in chondrogenic medium and stained with hematoxylin, eosin, Safranin O or Alcian blue to evaluate the extracellular matrix. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study collagen types I (COLI) and II (COLII) and aggrecan expression. Phenotypic characterization of the isolated CD105+‐MSCs shows that these cells are also positive for CD90 and CD44, but negatives for CD34 and CD45. In addition, this cellular subset expressed Sox‐9. Spheroids appeared after 7 days in culture in the presence of chondrogenic medium. Our studies show no differences between MSCs obtained from OA and normal synovial membranes during chondrogenesis. The morphological analysis of spheroids revealed characteristics typical of chondrocyte cells. The intensity of Safranin O, Alcian blue and aggrecan staining was positive and constant throughout the culture period. However, the intensity of COL2 staining was higher at 28 days (84.29 ± 0.1 U) than at 46 days (61.28 ± 01 U), while COL1 staining was not detected in any samples analyzed. These results were confirmed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assays. We conclude that the cellular subset of CD105+‐MSCs has chondrogenic capacity. The study also show the similar chondrogenic capacity of CD105+‐MSCs cultured from normal and OA synovial membranes. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 145–155, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustained epidermal growth factor receptor levels and activation by tethered ligand binding enhances osteogenic differentiation of multi‐potent marrow stromal cells
Authors: Platt Manu O. , Roman Arian J. , Wells Alan , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Griffith Linda G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mediated signaling helps regulate bone development and healing through its effects on osteogenic cells. Here, we show how EGFR activity and osteogenic differentiation responses in primary human bone marrow‐derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are influenced by presenting covalently tethered epidermal growth factor (tEGF) on the culture substratum, a presentation mode that reduces EGFR internalization and restricts signaling to the cell surface. In both absence and presence of tEGF, MSCs increase expression levels of EGFR and its heterodimerization partner HER2 during the course of osteogenic differentiation. tEGF substrata increased levels of phosphorylated EGFR and phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) compared to control substrata, and these elevations were associated with a twofold enhancement of MSC alkaline phosphatase activity at day 7 and matrix mineralization at day 21. Surprisingly, addition of soluble EGF (sEGF) to cells cultured on tEGF substrata reduces osteogenic differentiation, even though EGFR signaling is more strongly activated in acute, short‐term manner by sEGF treatment than by tEGF treatment. A striking concomitant result of the sEGF effects is near‐complete downregulation of EGFR and HER2, demonstrating that the tEGF/EGFR interaction is dynamically reversible even though temporally sustained. Taken together, our results show that enhanced MSC osteogenic differentiation corresponds to a sustained combination of receptor expression and ligand presentation, both of which are maintained by tEGF. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 306–317, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Riedl's burden and the body plan: selection, constraint, and deep time
Authors: Schoch Rainer R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRupert Riedl's concept of burden forms a causal hypothesis on organismic integration and evolutionary constraints. Defined as the hierarchically nested interdependence of characters within the organism, burden was seen as (1) defining and conserving body plans and (2) constraining and directing evolutionary trajectories. A review of the components of the burden concept reveals important consistencies with the modern tenets of evo‐devo. This concept differs from the current consensus of evolutionary theory in that it (1) grants evolution less options for changing tightly integrated, “locked‐in” characters and (2) in deducing from this an ever decreasing freedom for evolution, with cyclism and typostrophism as resulting macroevolutionary phenomena. Despite these differences, I show that the burden concept was consistent with most major tenets of the Modern Synthesis, and Riedl attempted to explain patterns of large‐scale evolutionary trends exclusively by microevolutionary (gradualistic) processes. The burden concept is fruitful and unique in its focus on hierarchically nested constraints and resembles the hierarchical architecture of gene regulatory networks. However, such networks are more high‐dimensional and most of their components appear to be easier to evolve than Riedl's burden. Yet in combination with evolvability, a modified concept of burden might contribute substantially to the understanding of organismic integration and the long‐term evolution of body plans. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:1–10, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammatory cell‐specific transgene expression system responding to Iκ‐B kinase beta activation
Authors: Asai Daisuke , Tsuchiya Akira , Kang Jeong‐Hun , Kawamura Kenji , Oishi Jun , Mori Takeshi , Niidome Takuro , Shoji Yoko , Nakashima Hideki , Katayama Yoshiki 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundControl of inflammation is essential for the clinical management of many common human diseases. However, there are few generally applicable strategies to convert an abnormal intracellular signal into a gene expression that leads to normalization of the intracellular environment. Recently, we proposed a novel strategy termed D‐RECS (i.e. drug or gene delivery system responding to cellular signals) to convert an intracellular signal to transgene expression. In the present study, we applied this concept to inflammatory cells using Iκ‐B kinase as a signal molecule that triggers the gene expression.MethodsCandidate cationic substrates of Iκ‐B kinase (IKK)β were synthesized and their reactivity was investigated. Then, polymers grafted with these peptides were prepared by radical polymerization. Polymer/DNA complexes (polyplexes) were prepared by mixing plasmid DNAs with the polymers. The behaviour of these polyplexes by adding IKKβ was examined. Furthermore, changes of gene expression were evaluated after the microinjection of polyplex into living cells under conditions of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation.ResultsSynthetic peptides with additional lysine residues were well phosphorylated by IKKβ. Both the polymer and the polyplex were also phosphorylated by IKKβ. The results of gel shift assay showed that the polyplex was disintegrated and free DNA was released in the presence of IKKβ. The polyplex comprising‐green fluorescent protein plasmid DNA and the polymer expressed the transgene in living cells exposed to a pro‐inflammatory stimulus.ConclusionsOur concept of cell‐specific gene expression was demonstrated to work in inflammatory cells. This method may provide a unique strategy for gene therapy exclusively in inflammatory cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between rainfall variability in the southwest and southeast of Australia and their evolution through time
Authors: Hope Pandora , Timbal Bertrand , Fawcett Robert 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSignificant rainfall declines have been observed across much of southern Australia over the last 50 years. In particular, strong declines occurred in the southwest of Western Australia (SWWA) from the late 1960s with further declines in the late 1990s, and in the southwest of eastern Australia (SWEA) from the mid‐1990s. As a result, most communities in these regions are facing water shortages. Meteorologically, the regions share a common winter‐maximum rainfall regime, with peak rainfall occurring from May to October. In both regions, the declines have mainly occurred in the early part of the winter half‐year (May–June–July, MJJ). This study aims to assess if there is an association between rainfall variability in these two regions on a range of time‐scales and whether that association has altered with the recent rainfall declines. Rainfall variability in the two regions is significantly related. On synoptic time‐scales, a weak but significant relationship was found in each month of the winter half‐year due to rain‐bearing disturbances travelling along the storm track affecting the two regions with a lag of approximately 3 days. On interannual time‐scales, the relationship is stronger because of the high correlation between mean sea‐level pressures (MSLP) over both regions. MJJ MSLP has seen significant increases over the last 50 years in both regions, reaching record values in 2006. In recent decades the interannual association between early winter rainfall totals has strengthened, however this is due in part to the decreasing variance at each location. The variability of the associations between these two regions provides a background on which to explore the strength and variability of the drivers that influence rainfall variability across southern Australia. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Validation of a new method for determination of cup orientation in THA
Authors: Steppacher Simon D. , Tannast Moritz , Zheng Guoyan , Zhang Xuan , Kowal Jens , Anderson Suzanne E. , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Murphy Stephen B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOur goal was to validate accuracy, consistency, and reproducibility/reliability of a new method for determining cup orientation in total hip arthroplasty (THA). This method allows matching the 3D‐model from CT images or slices with the projected pelvis on an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph using a fully automated registration procedure. Cup orientation (inclination and anteversion) is calculated relative to the anterior pelvic plane, corrected for individual malposition of the pelvis during radiograph acquisition. Measurements on blinded and randomized radiographs of 80 cadaver and 327 patient hips were investigated. The method showed a mean accuracy of 0.7 ± 1.7° (−3.7° to 4.0°) for inclination and 1.2 ± 2.4° (−5.3° to 5.6°) for anteversion in the cadaver trials and 1.7 ± 1.7° (−4.6° to 5.5°) for inclination and 0.9 ± 2.8° (−5.2° to 5.7°) for anteversion in the clinical data when compared to CT‐based measurements. No systematic errors in accuracy were detected with the Bland–Altman analysis. The software consistency and the reproducibility/reliability were very good. This software is an accurate, consistent, reliable, and reproducible method to measure cup orientation in THA using a sophisticated 2D/3D‐matching technique. Its robust and accurate matching algorithm can be expanded to statistical models. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1583–1588, 2009
The Antarctic palaeo record and its role in improving predictions of future Antarctic Ice Sheet change
Authors: Bentley Michael J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews the ways in which the palaeo record of Antarctic Ice Sheet change can be used to improve understanding of contemporary ice sheet behaviour, and thus enhance predictions of future sea‐level change. The main areas where the palaeo ice sheet record can contribute are understanding long‐term ice sheet trajectory; providing data against which ice sheet models can be tested; to identify and understand the range and types of natural ice sheet behaviour; to balance the global water budget; to correct contemporary glaciological measurements of mass change; and to understand the relationship between polar ecosystems and the ice sheet. I review each in turn and argue that research priorities include understanding past West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse and its timing; a focus on the palaeo record of rapid retreat events and how these unfolded in the geological past; improving the number and range of ice sheet reconstructions, particularly through the Holocene; continuing to investigate the potential for using sediments and landforms to parameterise basal conditions in ice sheet models; and understanding past East Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics, particularly the evidence for partial deglaciation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A record of Lateglacial and early Holocene environmental and ecological change from southwestern Connecticut, USA
Authors: Oswald W. Wyatt , Foster David R. , Doughty Elaine D. , Faison Edward K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAnalyses of a sediment core from Highstead Swamp in southwestern Connecticut, USA, reveal Lateglacial and early Holocene ecological and hydrological changes. Lateglacial pollen assemblages are dominated by Picea and Pinus subg. Pinus, and the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) cold interval is evidenced by higher abundance of Abies and Alnus viridis subsp. crispa. As climate warmed at the end of the YD, Picea and Abies declined and Pinus strobus became the dominant upland tree species. A shift from lacustrine sediment to organic peat at the YD–Holocene boundary suggests that the lake that existed in the basin during the Lateglacial interval developed into a swamp in response to reduced effective moisture. A change in wetland vegetation from Myrica gale to Alnus incana subsp. rugosa and Sphagnum is consistent with this interpretation of environmental changes at the beginning of the Holocene. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chinese executives in foreign‐owned enterprises: managing in two cultures
Authors: Kong Siew‐Huat , Gao Bo‐Yang 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

This paper looks at the roles of Chinese managers in organizational change in foreign‐owned enterprises in China.

A multi‐case study approach was deployed with an in‐depth, semi‐structured ethnographic interview technique.

The study uncovered three categories of managers insofar as their roles in organizational change are concerned: (1) an agent of change, (2) a follower of change, and (3) an anti‐change agent.

This study further identified six factors that determine the kind of role this group of Chinese managers is likely to choose.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leadership discretion: a developmental experience
Authors: Kakabadse Nada K. , Lee‐Davies Linda , Kakabadse Andrew 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

By setting out to highlight the potential conflicts linked to the decision choices of the pressurized leader, this paper stokes a passionate argument about the components of leadership discretion. With a deliberate attempt to question all influencing aspects on the decision itself and contextualization of where that decision sits between corporate and personal interest, it clearly magnifies a number of governance issues for future consideration.

A focused study of CEOs provides firm qualitative underpinning for discussion. Honest comment is collected regarding the effect that personal influence can have, not just on the discretion application, but on its ultimate manifestation. The wide‐ranging opinion stresses the many levels of prior consideration necessary for most effective outcomes.

A self‐help message is left in legacy. As each leadership discretion situation is unique and no blanket answer possible for ensuring absolute success, self‐audit is encouraged so each individual works through their actual motivations with a democratic approach even where delivery must be, by necessity, more autocratic.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The intelligence alchemy and the twenty‐first century organization
Authors: Maguire Stuart , Ojiako Udechukwu , Robson Ian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the way that a major global organization manages organizational intelligence for competitive and strategic advantage.We demonstrate the full complexity of organizational intelligence management through a case observation.Earlier research has already established the fact that there is a direct relationship between good corporate intelligence and strategic change. The fact that businesses are operating within business environments that are even more complex and dynamic than before means that many firms are planning with less certainty than before. As we begin to explore possible competitive scenarios for the twenty‐first century organization, a radical rethink on current organizational intelligence strategy needs to commence, especially as companies deal with more challenging and disruptive scenarios such as terrorism and industrial espionage.The research range will need to be expanded to ensure that its implications can be tested.The procurement of more systems and data centers will not necessarily provide that strategic edge organizations need. Instead, organizations need to focus on enhancing the role of the intelligence analyst and managers.A case study is used to support arguments that the twenty‐first century organization cannot be solely reliant for its strategic planning process on systems without substantial investment in the human aspects of intelligence management.Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) is a prognostic factor in resected pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mino Nobuya , Miyahara Ryo , Nakayama Ei , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Ayuko , Iwakiri Shotaro , Sonobe Makoto , Okubo Kenichi , Hirata Toshiki , Sehara Atsuko , Date Hiroshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) has multiple domains and functions, and it plays important roles in the development of cancer. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether the expression of the membrane type of ADAM12 (ADAM12‐L) could be a prognostic factor in resected pathological (p‐) stage I lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsADAM12‐L mRNA expression was quantified by a reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction in tissue samples from 84 completely resected p‐stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients. The patients were divided into ADAM12‐L‐Low and ADAM12‐L‐High groups, and correlations with clinicopathologic features were obtained.ResultsFive‐year survival rates of the ADAM12‐L‐Low and ADAM12‐L‐High groups were 95.1% and 71.9%, respectively. The postoperative prognosis for the ADAM12‐L‐High group was significantly poorer than for the ADAM12‐L‐Low group (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis confirmed that high expression of ADAM12‐L was an independent factor for poor prognosis (P = 0.007, hazard ratio 8.288). The ADAM12‐L‐High group was less differentiated and had a significantly higher rate of cancer recurrence.ConclusionsADAM12‐L mRNA expression is an independent prognostic factor in resected p‐stage I lung adenocarcinoma, and is significantly correlated with tumor differentiation stage and postoperative cancer recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:267–272. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis from small bowel adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chua Terence C. , Koh Ju‐Li , Yan Tristan D. , Liauw Winston , Morris David L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundSmall bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy that presents both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The late presentation is often associated with disseminated carcinomatosis which is regarded a terminal event. We review our experience with small bowel peritoneal carcinomatosis following treatment with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PIC).MethodsFrom a prospective database of CRS and PIC, seven patients were identified to have undergone treatment for small bowel peritoneal carcinomatosis with CRS and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (Mitomycin C) and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (5FU). A retrospective review was undertaken to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 17 months (range, 5–46 months). Six of seven patients have died. The disease‐free survival was 12 months and the overall median survival was 25 months. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survivals were 57%, 38%, and 20% respectively. Tumor histology of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring, lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion appeared to be associated with a poor outcome.ConclusionCytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a treatment option for small bowel cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis with encouraging survival results. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:139–143. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.