bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onset and complications of varicella zoster reactivation in the autologous hematopoietic cell transplant population
Authors: Rogers J.E. , Cumpston A. , Newton M. , Craig M. 
Published: May 2011

J.E. Rogers, A. Cumpston, M. Newton, M. Craig. Onset and complications of varicella zoster reactivation in the autologous hematopoietic cell transplant population. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 480–484. All rights reservedBackground. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections are a common complication in patients receiving autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Recent guideline revisions suggest extending VZV prophylaxis to 1 year after autologous HCT. We retrospectively evaluated reactivation at our center, before implementation of extended acyclovir prophylaxis, to determine onset and outcome in the autologous HCT population.Methods. Inclusion criteria consisted of adult patients who received an autologous HCT  with documentation for at least 1 year post transplant. Those excluded from review were patients who received acyclovir prophylaxis for >30 days post transplant or subsequently received an allogeneic transplant within 1 year. For patients in whom reactivation occurred, the severity of infection, the timing of onset, treatment of the reactivation, and any complications were recorded.Results. In the final analysis, 56 patients were assessed. Reactivation of zoster occurred in 16% of recipients with a median onset of 4.5 months post transplant. Complications that were observed include postherpetic neuralgia, severe pain, scarring, and motor weakness. Two patients required hospitalization for treatment, with 1 patient requiring 6 months of rehabilitation for motor weakness following the infection.Conclusions. Our study revealed a 16% incidence of VZV reactivation in our autologous HCT population. The onset of these occurrences ranged from 2 to 10 months post transplant, with significant VZV‐associated complications. We consider VZV reactivation a serious concern in the autologous transplant setting, requiring extended prophylaxis.
The effects of habitat, density, gender and duration on overwintering success in Bembidion lampros (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Knapp M. , Saska P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn temperate climates, winter mortality is a key factor influencing insect survival. In Bembidion lampros (Coleoptera: Carabidae), an abundant polyphagous predator in arable farmland, we investigated how habitat, population density, gender and duration of overwintering affect the winter mortality and body condition of survivors. In a field experiment, we introduced beetles at two population densities into isolators placed either in the interior of the field or in the grassy boundary. Half of the isolators were collected in mid‐March, and the remaining half were collected in mid‐April. Across all treatments, 44–92% of the beetles survived until spring. Survival was significantly higher in the field interior than in the boundary. The longevity of individuals starved after overwintering was higher in females than in males and was positively related to the length of time spent at the overwintering site. Population density was positively related to percentage survival but did not affect body condition. Our results suggest that biotic factors such as population density and predation, though little studied, may have a similar significance as abiotic factors. Even ubiquitous carabid species inhabiting agroecosystems have specific requirements for overwintering. Understanding these requirements is useful for developing techniques to support their overwintering success.
Cognitive P300‐evoked potentials in school‐age children after surgical or transcatheter intervention for ventricular septal defect
Authors: Guan Guo‐Tao , Jin You‐Peng , Zheng Rui‐Ping , Liu Feng‐Qin , Wang Yu‐Lin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:  Some studies have suggested that neurological development may be adversely affected in children with severe coronary heart disease who have undergone long periods of deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Reports of cognitive function in VSD patients in whom surgical repair required only a relatively brief period of CPB are rare. Also, CPB is unnecessary for VSD patients undergoing transcatheter closure. The aim of this study was to assess the cognitive function in patients with ventricular septal defect.Methods:  A total of 29 patients treated with surgery, and 35 treated with transcatheter closure and their age‐ and sex‐matched best friends completed the cognitive P300 auditory‐evoked potentials test and the intelligence test.Results:  The patients and their best friends had normal intelligence quotient; however, the patients had longer P300 peak latencies in cranial frontal lobe and cranial vertex leads (329.2 ± 24.8 and 335.1 ± 20.0 ms) than the healthy controls did (319.1 ± 20.6 and 313 ± 18.2 ms) (P < 0.05). Patients who underwent surgery had longer P300 peak latency in the cranial frontal lobe and cranial vertex leads than did those with transcatheter closure and controls. When cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping were used, the duration was associated with P300 peak latency for patients (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  VSD patients, especially those undergoing surgery, showed poor cognitive function, which may be associated with duration of cardiopulmonary bypass or aortic‐clamping.
Attentional shift by eye gaze requires joint attention: Eye gaze cues are unique to shift attention1
Authors: KAWAI NOBUYUKI 
Published: May 2011

AbstractResearchers have demonstrated that attentional shift triggered by gaze direction is reflexive. However, here we show that attentional shift by gaze direction was not always reflexive, but could be modulated by another's perspective. In Experiment 1, a schematic face's line of sight to a peripheral target was obstructed by a vertical barrier located between the face and the target under two conditions. However, the line of sight of the face was clear under another two conditions, in which the barrier was located behind the line of sight by utilizing a depth cue. The gaze cue shifted attention only when the line of sight was not blocked (i.e. joint attention was attained). The arrow cue did not shift attention regardless of the obstruction conditions in Experiment 2. These results suggest that attentional shift by gaze cues, but not arrow cues, involve a higher social cognitive process such as interpretation of the gaze.
Contrast polarity of eyes modulates gaze‐cueing effect1
Authors: YOSHIZAKI KAZUHITO , KATO KIMIKO 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo experiments using a modified Posner‐type visual cueing paradigm tested the prediction that detecting the darker region of the eyes of another's gaze triggers a reflexive orienting of the observer in the direction of the gaze. A target was presented in the left or right visual‐field following a gaze‐cue with positive or negative‐image polarity (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the polarity of the eyes was manipulated independently of the negative polarity of the face (eye‐positive or eye‐negative‐image polarity conditions). The results showed that the response to the target presented at the side the eyes gazed toward was faster than for the target presented at the other side in the positive polarity condition (Experiment 1), whereas, in the negative polarity condition, the gaze‐cuing effect was not found. In Experiment 2, in the eye‐negative condition, a reversed gaze‐cueing effect appeared, whereas in the eye‐positive polarity condition, a typical gaze‐cueing effect was obtained. These findings suggested that the reflexive orienting of the observer shifts toward the position indicated by the darker region of the other's eyes.
Epidural Steroid and Clonidine for Chronic Intractable Post‐thoracotomy Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ayad Amany E. , El Masry Ashraf 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:  Chronic post‐thoracotomy pain is relatively common after major thoracic surgery. The primary results of a pilot study using thoracic epidural steroid and clonidine injection to treat chronic intractable post‐thoracotomy pain are presented.Methods:  Twenty‐one patients with intractable post‐thoracotomy pain participated in the study. Thirteen patients received thoracic epidural injection of a mixture of 150 μg clonidine and 80 mg of methylprednisolone acetate diluted in 8 mL 0.5% lidocaine. Eight patients continued with comprehensive medical management and served as a control group. A visual analog scale (VAS) for pain was recorded before treatment, 30 minutes after the epidural injection and before discharge, at 3 weeks and 6 months. Pain, sleep disturbances, appetite changes and daily activity, as well as the incidence of complications were recorded. The need for opioid rescue medications was recorded.Results:  Twelve of 13 patients in the injection group reported improvement (> 50% reduction of pain) at 3 weeks and 6 months following the injection. Allodynia improved in all injection group patients compared to four of eight in the control group. Sleep disturbance, appetite changes and daily activity were improved in the injection group. The number of patients requiring opioid rescue medications was reduced from 61.5% to 15.3% during the 6‐month duration of study. Injection caused transient hypotension in 46.2% of patients. Mild sedation was noted in 30.7% of patients receiving injection; 15.3% of the patients had localized back pain at the site of injection.Discussion:  Our preliminary data suggest possible efficacy of thoracic epidural steroid and clonidine mixture in the treatment of chronic post‐thoracotomy pain. No serious adverse effects were noted in this pilot study. ▪
The Internal Governance of Firms
Authors: ACHARYA VIRAL V. , MYERS STEWART C. , RAJAN RAGHURAM G. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTWe develop a model of internal governance where the self‐serving actions of top management are limited by the potential reaction of subordinates. Internal governance can mitigate agency problems and ensure that firms have substantial value, even with little or no external governance by investors. External governance, even if crude and uninformed, can complement internal governance and improve efficiency. This leads to a theory of investment and dividend policy, in which dividends are paid by self‐interested CEOs to maintain a balance between internal and external control.
Intermediated Investment Management
Authors: STOUGHTON NEAL M. , WU YOUCHANG , ZECHNER JOSEF 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIntermediaries such as financial advisers serve as an interface between portfolio managers and investors. A large fraction of their compensation is often provided through kickbacks from the portfolio manager. We provide an explanation for the widespread use of intermediaries and kickbacks. Depending on the degree of investor sophistication, kickbacks are used either for price discrimination or aggressive marketing. We explore the effects of these arrangements on fund size, flows, performance, and investor welfare. Kickbacks allow higher management fees to be charged, thereby lowering net returns. Competition among active portfolio managers reduces kickbacks and increases the independence of advisory services.
Employee Stock Options and Investment
Authors: BABENKO ILONA , LEMMON MICHAEL , TSERLUKEVICH YURI 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTExercises of employee stock options generate substantial cash inflows to the firm. These cash inflows substitute for costly external finance in those states of the world in which the demand for investment is high. Using the fact that the proceeds from option exercises exhibit a distinct nonlinearity around the point where options fall out of the money, we estimate that firms increase investment by $0.34 for each dollar received from the exercise of stock options. Firms that face higher external financing costs allocate more of the proceeds from option exercises to investment.
“Public Anthropology” in Its Second Decade: Robert Borofsky's Center for a Public Anthropology
Authors: Vine David 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT  For more than a decade, Robert Borofsky has encouraged anthropologists to pursue a “public anthropology.” In this time, he has played a key role in a larger movement that has seen increasing numbers of anthropologists attempting to engage with and serve the needs of public audiences outside academia. In this review essay, I review Borofsky's work through his Center for a Public Anthropology, including the center's website and its four major projects: The Anthropology Journal Archive; the Community Action Website Project; the California Series in Public Anthropology; and the Public Outreach Assessment of anthropology doctoral programs. I discuss the results and significance of the center's projects, identifying important innovations that Borofsky has achieved in anthropological teaching, scholarship, academic publishing, and the structure of academic anthropology. The review also offers constructive criticism of Borofsky's efforts and suggestions for advancing the center's projects and his vision for a public anthropology. [public anthropology, applied anthropology, public engagement, academia, universities]More than a decade has passed since Robert Borofsky asked whether anthropologists should “laugh or cry” over the discipline's place in the public sphere (Borofsky 2000). At the time, Borofsky was starting to receive widespread attention—both laudatory and critical—for calling on anthropologists to pursue a “public anthropology.”1 Many embraced his call as a much‐needed antidote for a discipline many thought had become insular, often incomprehensible, and generally irrelevant to the lives and struggles of most people. Others were angered that Borofsky's vision for a public anthropology seemed to overlook a long tradition of anthropologists working beyond the academy, while perpetuating a hierarchy between academic and applied anthropology (e.g., Singer 2000).Amid the debates, we have witnessed the creation of classes in public anthropology, master's and doctoral programs in public anthropology (including one in my department), public anthropology conferences, numerous conference panels, a lecture series, an institute, a working group, a fellowship, a department initiative, and, of course, this AA section, all named for “public anthropology.” Although the debates about the name are beyond the scope of this article, given Borofsky's seminal role in what has become a broader movement of anthropologists engaging in new kinds of work outside academia, this section's coeditors believed it important to offer a detailed review of Borofsky and his Center for a Public Anthropology.
Autoantibody signatures: progress and perspectives for early cancer detection
Authors: Desmetz C. , Mange A. , Maudelonde T. , Solassol J. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Unknown origins of autoantibody production in cancer
The use of proteomics to identify autoantibodies
Clinical utility of autoantibody signatures for early detection of cancer
Autoantibody detection to build screening tests in high‐risk populations
Conclusion and perspectives
Becoming invasive is a crucial step in cancer development, and the early spread of tumour cells is usually undetected by current imaging technologies. In patients with cancer and no signs of overt metastases, sensitive methods have been developed to identify circulating autoantibodies and their antigen counterparts in several cancers. These technologies are often based on proteomic approaches, and recent advances in protein and antibody microarrays have greatly facilitated the discovery of new antibody biomarkers in sera from cancer patients. Interestingly, in a clinical application setting, combinations of multiple autoantibody reactivities into panel assays have recently been proposed as relevant screening tests and validated in several independent trials. In addition, autoantibody signatures seem to be particularly relevant for early detection of cancer in high‐risk cancer patients. In this review, we highlight the concept that immunogenic epitopes associated with the humoural response and key pathogenic pathways elicit serum autoantibodies that can be considered as relevant cancer biomarkers. We outline the proteomic strategies employed to identify and validate their use in clinical practice for cancer screening and diagnosis. We particularly emphasize the clinical utility of autoantibody signatures in several cancers. Finally, we discuss the challenges remaining for clinical validation.
Surface roughness of denture base and reline materials after disinfection by immersion in chlorhexidine or microwave irradiation
Authors: Machado Ana Lucia , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , Jorge Janaina Habib , Vergani Carlos Eduardo 
Published: May 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00484.x

Surface roughness of denture base and reline materials after disinfection by immersion in chlorhexidine or microwave irradiationBackground:  This study evaluated the effect of disinfection by immersion and microwave irradiation on the roughness of one denture base resin (Lucitone‐L) and five relining materials, three hard (Tokuyama Rebase II‐TR, New Truliner‐NT, Ufigel Hard‐UH) and two resilient (Trusoft‐T, Sofreliner‐S).Methods:  Fifty specimens were made and divided into groups: CL2 specimens were brushed with 4% chlorhexidine (1 min), immersed in the same solution (10 min) and immersed in water (3 min); MW2 specimens were immersed in water and microwave irradiated (650W; 6 min); CL2 and MW2 specimens were disinfected twice; CL7 and MW7 specimens were submitted to seven cycles using chlorhexidine or microwave irradiation, respectively; W specimens were not disinfected and remained in water (37°C; 7 days).Results:  Results were statistically analysed (p = 0.05) and revealed that, at baseline, the highest mean value was observed for T (p < 0.001). Material NT showed increase in roughness after the first (p = 0.003), second (p = 0.001), seventh (p = 0.000) cycles of microwave disinfection and after 7 days of immersion in water (p = 0.033).Conclusions:  Resilient liner S presented significant increase in roughness after the second cycle of disinfection with chlorhexidine (p = 0.003). Material T exhibited significantly decreased roughness in group W (p = 0.010), while microwaving produced severe alterations on its surface.
Effect of double flasking and investing methods on artificial teeth movement in complete dentures processing
Authors: Sotto‐Maior Bruno S. , Jóia Fábio A. , Meloto Carolina B. , Del Bel Cury Altair A. , Rizzatti‐Barbosa Célia M. 
Published: May 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00494.x

Effect of double flasking and investing methods on artificial teeth movement in complete dentures processingPurpose:  The aim of this study was to evaluate linear dimensional alterations of artificial teeth for complete dentures when using different investment and flasking techniques.Background:  Dimensional changes in the vertical dimension may occur owing to changes in artificial teeth positioning caused by different investing and flasking techniques.Materials and methods:  Thirty pairs of the complete dentures were manufactured and randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): (1) invested with type III stone in monomaxillary PVC flask; (2) invested with type III stone in bimaxillary PVC flask; and (3) invested with laboratory silicone in bimaxillary PVC flask. Dentures were polymerised by microwave, and 12 linear distances were measured before and after denture processing. Data were analysed by one‐way anova, considering manufacturing technique as the study factor. Tukey’s HSD was used as post hocanova (p = 0.05).Results:  Most of the linear distances were comparable for all groups. All transversal maxillary and mandibular distances were higher for group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), except the distance 3–6 for mandibular arch, in which no difference was found between groups (p < 0.05). Both maxillary diagonal distances were higher in group 1 (p < 0.05), and no differences were found among all groups for mandibular measurements.Conclusions:  Double flasking technique independent on the investment material is shown to be the most effective method to reduce changes in artificial teeth positioning.
Use of Organic Acids to Inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on Organic Fresh Apples and Lettuce
Authors: Park Sang‐Hyun , Choi Mi‐Ran , Park Jeong‐Woong , Park Ki‐Hwan , Chung Myung‐Sub , Ryu Sangryeol , Kang Dong‐Hyun 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  This study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial effect of organic acids against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on whole red organic apples and lettuce. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate organic acids as sanitizers. However, no studies have compared antimicrobial effects of various organic acids on organic fresh produce, including evaluation of color changes of produce. Apples and lettuce were inoculated with a cocktail of 3 strains each of 3 foodborne pathogens provided above and treated with 1% and 2% organic acids (propionic, acetic, lactic, malic, and citric acid) for 0, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 min. With increasing treatment time and acid concentration, organic acid treatments showed significant reduction compared to the control treatment (distilled water), and differences in antimicrobial effects between organic acids were observed. After 10 min of treatment with 1% and 2% organic acids in apples, propionic (0.92 to 2.75 log reduction), acetic (0.52 to 2.78 log reduction), lactic (1.69 to >3.42 log reduction), malic (1.48 to >3.42 log reduction), and citric acid (1.52 to >3.42 log reduction) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) antibacterial effects against 3 foodborne pathogens compared to the control treatment. In lettuce, propionic (0.93 to 1.52 log reduction), acetic (1.13 to 1.74 log reduction), lactic (1.87 to 2.54 log reduction), malic (2.32 to 2.98 log reduction), and citric acid (1.85 to 2.86 log reduction) showed significant (P < 0.05) effects compared to the control treatment. Changes in sample color subjected to organic acids treatment were not significant during storage.Practical Application:  It is suggested that organic acids have a potential as sanitizers for organic fresh produce. These data may help the organic produce industry provide safe fresh produce for consumers.