bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scoring system for predicting recurrences in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Buffet Camille , Golmard Jean Louis , Hoang Catherine , Trésallet Christophe , Du Pasquier Fédiaevsky Laurence , Fierrard Hélène , Aurengo André , Menegaux Fabrice , Leenhardt Laurence 
Published: May 2012

ContextPapillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PMC) defined as tumors ≤10 mm in diameter (including pT1a and pT3 according to the latest pTNM classification) have good prognosis, although recurrence is possible. Clinicians are interested in using a scoring system for predicting recurrences.ObjectiveTo identify the prognostic factors for recurrence in patients with PMC and to develop a scoring system based on lymph node involvement, multifocality, and sex. To determine the impact of extrathyroidal invasion (ETI) and a threshold value for analyzing multifocality.MethodsSingle-center retrospective study of a cohort of 1669 patients with PMC managed from 1960 to 2007. The Kaplan–Meier survival rate and prognostic factors of events were analyzed using log-rank tests and uni- and multivariate Cox model-based analyses. A scoring system was proposed.ResultsSixty-eight recurrences were observed. Initial lymph node metastases (P=0.0001), multifocality (P=0.05), and male sex (P=0.01) were significantly associated with recurrence, although there was a period effect (after 1990). PMC size was not a significant variable. Our scoring system allows us to separate patients into three risk groups according to their recurrence-free probability. For PMC Nx patients, total foci size of multifocal tumors >20 mm was significantly associated with recurrence (P<0.0001). Radioiodine (RAI) ablation was associated with better outcome only in PMC with ETI.ConclusionOur scoring system classifies recurrence risk. In PMC Nx patients, multifocality is important in planning therapeutic strategies. Recurrence probability of pT3 PMC appears lower if RAI ablation is performed.
Global Population Genetic Structure of Caenorhabditis remanei Reveals Incipient Speciation
Authors: Dey Alivia , Jeon Yong , Wang Guo-Xiu , Cutter Asher D 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Mating system transitions dramatically alter the evolutionary trajectories of genomes that can be revealed by contrasts of species with disparate modes of reproduction. For such transitions in Caenorhabditis nematodes, some major causes of genome variation in selfing species have been discerned. And yet, we have only limited understanding of species-wide population genetic processes for their outcrossing relatives, which represent the reproductive state of the progenitors of selfing species. Multilocus–multipopulation sequence polymorphism data provide a powerful means to uncover the historical demography and evolutionary processes that shape genomes. Here we survey nucleotide polymorphism across the X chromosome for three populations of the outcrossing nematode Caenorhabditis remanei and demonstrate its divergence from a fourth population describing a closely related new species from China, C. sp. 23. We find high genetic variation globally and within each local population sample. Despite geographic barriers and moderate genetic differentiation between Europe and North America, considerable gene flow connects C. remanei populations. We discovered C. sp. 23 while investigating C. remanei, observing strong genetic differentiation characteristic of reproductive isolation that was confirmed by substantial F2 hybrid breakdown in interspecific crosses. That C. sp. 23 represents a distinct biological species provides a cautionary example of how standard practice can fail for mating tests of species identity in this group. This species pair permits full application of divergence population genetic methods to obligately outcrossing species of Caenorhabditis and also presents a new focus for interrogation of the genetics and evolution of speciation with the Caenorhabditis model system.
Multistate Workers and Their State Tax Liabilities
Authors: Wright Kathleen K. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
The lack of uniformity of state laws applicable to employer withholding and their employees who work in multiple states has created a cumbersome compliance burden, not only for employers, but also for employees. This paper discusses the state tax ramifications associated with an employer having employees who work from a different state, and employers who have employees who perform services in multiple states. The paper also looks at proposed remedies for the mobile workforce issue, including proposed federal legislation and the Multistate Tax Commission's proposal addressing the issue. The paper considers whether Congress has authority under the Commerce Clause to regulate this issue. The paper concludes with alternative recommendations to consider as a workable solution.
Unusually kicked dynamics: Hydrogen atom in a spherical box
Authors: Mašović Dragoslav 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
In this paper we have examined the ionization of the ground state hydrogen atom in a spherical box with laser pulses of specific shapes. These shapes are predicted assuming correspondence under some conditions with the alternating kicking field. Unusually kicked dynamics is suggested. It is shown that such kicked dynamics leads to generalized Rabi oscillations with the positive energy states included and participation of the excited states. The correspondence with the real pulse is established emphasizing such unusually kicked dynamics. The approach is verified on the one-dimensional (1D) hydrogen atom and calculation of the known results for ionization probability.
The role of α-synuclein in neurodegeneration — An update
Authors: Jellinger Kurt 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGenetic, neuropathological and biochemical evidence implicates α-synuclein, a 140 amino acid presynaptic neuronal protein, in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The aggregated protein inclusions mainly containing aberrant α-synuclein are widely accepted as morphological hallmarks of α-synucleinopathies, but their composition and location vary between disorders along with neuronal networks affected. α-Synuclein exists physiologically in both soluble and membran-bound states, in unstructured and α-helical conformations, respectively, while posttranslational modifications due to proteostatic deficits are involved in β-pleated aggregation resulting in formation of typical inclusions. The physiological function of α-synuclein and its role linked to neurodegeneration, however, are incompletely understood. Soluble oligomeric, not fully fibrillar α-synuclein is thought to be neurotoxic, main targets might be the synapse, axons and glia. The effects of aberrant α-synuclein include alterations of calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative and nitric injuries, cytoskeletal effects, and neuroinflammation. Proteasomal dysfunction might be a common mechanism in the pathogenesis of neuronal degeneration in α-synucleinopathies. However, how α-synuclein induces neurodegeneration remains elusive as its physiological function. Genome wide association studies demonstrated the important role for genetic variants of the SNCA gene encoding α-synuclein in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease, possibly through effects on oxidation, mitochondria, autophagy, and lysosomal function. The neuropathology of synucleinopathies and the role of α-synuclein as a potential biomarker are briefly summarized. Although animal models provided new insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease and multiple system atrophy, most of them do not adequately reproduce the cardinal features of these disorders. Emerging evidence, in addition to synergistic interactions of α-synuclein with various pathogenic proteins, suggests that prionlike induction and seeding of α-synuclein could lead to the spread of the pathology and disease progression. Intervention in the early aggregation pathway, aberrant cellular effects, or secretion of α-synuclein might be targets for neuroprotection and disease-modifying therapy.
Entorhinal verrucae correlate with surface geometry
Authors: Augustinack Jean , Huber Kristen , Postelnicu Gheorghe , Frosch Matthew , Pienaar Rudolph , Fischl Bruce 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEntorhinal verrucae are unique, small elevations on the surface of entorhinal cortex, formed due to distinctive clustering of large neurons in entorhinal layer II. In Alzheimer’s disease, the verrucae atrophy as a result of neurofibrillary tangle formation and concomitant neuronal loss. Previously, we found significant decreases in verrucae height, width, surface area, and volume even in the mildest stage of Alzheimer’s disease. In this report, we introduce a new method for analyzing verrucae prominence using measures of their curvature. Smoothed surfaces and curvatures were generated using FreeSurfer (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu) from 100 μm3 ex vivo MRI isosurfaces. We examined the positive and negative components of mean curvature AreaNorm(H+/-) and Gaussian curvature AreaNorm(K +/−) in entorhinal cortex. A significant difference was found between entorhinal (n=10) and non-entorhinal cortices (n=9) for both AreaNorm(H+/-) and AreaNorm(K +/−). We also validated our curvature analysis through a comparison with previously published verrucae measures derived from manual labels of individual verrucae. A significant positive correlation was found between mean verrucae height and AreaNorm(H+/-). Both mean verrucae height and volume were significantly positively correlated with AreaNorm(K +/−). These results demonstrate that K and H are accurate metrics for detecting the presence or absence of entorhinal verrucae. Curvature analysis may be a useful and sensitive technique for detecting local surface changes in entorhinal cortex.
De Koloci à la drépanocytose
Authors: Lainé Agnès , Diallo Dapa , Traoré Bakary 
Published: May 2012

La drépanocytose affecte 1 à 3 % des nouveau-nés en Afrique subsaharienne. Les situations épidémiologiques et anthropologiques, les politiques de santé inégales d’une région à l’autre depuis plusieurs décennies, font entrevoir l’intérêt d’études situées et historicisées. Dans le contexte de la mise en place d’un centre de recherche et de lutte contre la drépanocytose à Bamako, nous avons étudié en 2007-2008 les interrelations entre les savoirs et le traitement social de cette pathologie, en milieu rural d’une part, urbain d’autre part. Cette recherche, réalisée par entretiens auprès de personnes atteintes, de parents d’enfants atteints, de tradithérapeutes, de personnels biomédicaux et associatifs, révèle l’impact des transformations des savoirs sur le vécu social de la maladie et l’impact de la mondialisation économique et sanitaire sur les trajectoires familiales. Elle plaide pour la prise en compte des contextes sociaux dans les orientations de santé publique et les actions de communication.
Preferences, Market Structure, and Welfare Evaluations in the Argentinean FFP Industry: A Case in Buenos Aires Province
Authors: González Julia , Lacaze M. Victoria 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis study analyzes the demand for frozen fried potatoes in an important city of Argentina, Mar del Plata, and the effect of changes in market structure on consumer welfare. We found that high‐income individuals are more concerned about health and nutrition, and that younger and lower‐income consumers are more price‐sensitive. The results suggest that consumer surplus would decrease with a merger between the two smaller firms in the market, and would increase if the market turned into a single‐product firms industry. The influence of these counterfactual changes would be greater for wealthier and older individuals. This article contributes to the analysis of a food market that is rapidly growing in developing countries and is starting to play a more relevant role in consumers’ diet. [EconLit classifications: L11, D12] © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of compatibilizer and fillers on the properties of injection molded lignin‐based hybrid green composites
Authors: Sahoo Saswata , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractComposites were prepared from poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), lignin, and switchgrass using extrusion followed by injection molding techniques. The effects of the fillers (lignin and switchgrass) and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) compatibilizer on the physicomechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Use of hybrid filler (1 : 1 lignin : switchgrass) resulted in slight improvement in the flexural strength of the composites. Incorporation of 1% PMDI into the hybrid filler reinforced composites significantly enhanced properties compared with the neat PBS which accounts for improvements in the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) by nearly 165%, 375%, and by 24°C respectively. Lignin exhibited some effects on the thermal properties of composites. However, switchgrass demonstrated a minor effect on the thermal behavior of the composites compared with the lignin. An improved interface was observed from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the compatibilized hybrid composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Benzodioxoles as alternative coinitiators for radical polymerization in a model‐dental adhesive resin
Authors: Lima Giana da Silveira , Ogliari Fabrício Aulo , Souza e Silva Manuela Gonçalves , Münchow Eliseu Aldrighi , Petzhold Cesar Liberato , Piva Evandro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study evaluated the effectiveness of benzodioxole derivatives as coinitiators of radical polymerization in a model‐dental adhesive resin. To compose the adhesive resin, a monomer mixture based on 50 wt % of Bis‐GMA, 25 wt % of TEGDMA, and 25 wt % of HEMA was used. Camphorquinone (CQ) 1 mol % was used as a photoinitiator to initiate polymerization. 1,3‐Benzodioxole (BDO) and piperonyl alcohol (PA) were used as coinitiators at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mol % level. In addition, tertiary amine, ethyl 4‐dimethylamino benzoate (EDAB) was used as coinitiator in the control group. Some physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the polymer formed in the experimental adhesives were evaluated using the kinetics of polymerization, sorption and solubility, flexural strength, and elastic modulus tests. The results indicated that BDO and PA were effective coinitiators in the photoinitiator system based on CQ. Comparisons between the benzodioxoles derivative coinitiators and EDAB showed similar performance in the kinetics of polymerization and flexural strength. For water sorption and solubility evaluation, BDO and PA demonstrated significantly more sorption of water and less solubility than the EDAB control group. The findings suggest that BDO and PA were feasible alternatives to conventional amine as coinitiator. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Electrical and microwave absorbing properties of polypyrrole synthesized by optimum strategy
Authors: Hao Bin , Li Liangchao , Wang Yuping , Qian Haisheng , Tong Guoxiu , Chen Haifeng , Chen Keyu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe polypyrrole (PPy) was prepared by in situ solution polymerization. The structure and morphology were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The electrical and dielectric properties of the PPy were measured by four‐point technique and impedance/materials analyzer. The results revealed that reaction time, reaction temperature, the types of doping agent, and the molar ratio of initiator to pyrrole monomer (nAPs/nPy) had an important effect on electrical and dielectric properties of the PPy. It showed that the PPy doped with phosphoric acid and with nAPs/nPy = 1 at 10°C for 12 h had better performance of electrical conductivity and dielectric loss. The PPy sample with 2 mm thickness had a minimum reflection loss value of −19.68 dB at approximately 16 GHz and an available bandwidth of 6.2 GHz in the range of 8–18 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of alkyne‐terminated xanthate RAFT agents and their uses for the controlled radical polymerization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone and the synthesis of its block copolymer using click chemistry
Authors: Patel Vijay Kumar , Vishwakarma Niraj Kumar , Mishra Avnish Kumar , Biswas Chandra Sekhar , Maiti Pralay , Ray Biswajit 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTwo new alkyne‐terminated xanthate reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) agents: (S)‐2‐(Propynyl propionate)‐(O‐ethyl xanthate) (X3) and (S)‐2‐(Propynyl isobutyrate)‐(O‐ethyl xanthate) (X4) were synthesized and characterized and used for the controlled radical polymerization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). X3 showed better chain transfer ability in the polymerization at 60°C. Molecular weight of the resulted polymer increased linearly with the increase in monomer loading. Kinetics study with X3 showed the pseudo‐first order kinetics up to 67% monomer conversion. Molecular weight (Mn) of the resulting polymer increased linearly with the increase in the monomer conversion up to around 67%. With the increase in the monomer conversion, polydispersity of the corresponding poly(NVP)s initially decreased from 1.34 to 1.32 and then increased gradually to 1.58. Chain‐end analysis of the resulting polymer by 1H‐NMR and FTIR showed clearly that polymerization started with radical forming out of xanthate RAFT agent. Living nature of the polymerization was also confirmed from the successful homo‐chain extension experiment and the hetero‐chain extension experiment involving synthesis of poly(NVP)‐b‐polystyrene amphiphilic diblock copolymer. Formed alkyne‐terminated poly(NVP) also allowed easy conjugation to azide‐terminated polystyrene by click chemistry to prepare well‐defined poly(NVP)‐b‐polystyrene block copolymers. Resulting polymers were characterized by GPC, 1H‐NMR, FTIR, and thermal study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Reception learning and self‐discovery learning in histology: Students' perceptions and their implications for assessing the effectiveness of different learning modalities
Authors: Campos‐Sánchez Antonio , Martín‐Piedra Miguel‐Ángel , Carriel Víctor , González‐Andrades Miguel , Garzón Ingrid , Sánchez‐Quevedo María‐Carmen , Alaminos Miguel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTwo questionnaires were used to investigate students' perceptions of their motivation to opt for reception learning (RL) or self‐discovery learning (SDL) in histology and their choices of complementary learning strategies (CLS). The results demonstrated that the motivation to attend RL sessions was higher than the motivation to attend SDL to gain new knowledge (P < 0.01) and to apply this acquired knowledge to diagnosis (P < 0.01), therapy (P < 0.01), and research (P < 0.05). Students also showed a stronger preference for RL based on motivations related to leadership (P < 0.01) and competition (P < 0.01), although the rates were very low in both cases (≤ 1.9 ± 1.1). Statistically significant differences were found between male and female students for leadership (higher in males), responsibility (higher in females), and acquiring new knowledge (higher in females only in RL). This study's findings for students' preferred CLS strategies suggested a greater need for additional complementary resources after RL than after SDL (P < 0.01). In conclusion, RL was associated with a greater need for complementary training resources such as textbooks, atlases, the internet, audiovisual media, and tutorials, whereas SDL was associated with a greater need to orient teaching and training toward medical practice. These results suggest the need to reorient both types of learning processes to enhance their effectiveness in teaching histology, especially in the case of SDL, which should place more emphasis on clinically oriented knowledge. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Reduction of mental distress in the dissection course by introducing the body donor experience through anatomical demonstrations of organ systems
Authors: Böckers Anja , Baader Christoph , Fassnacht Ulrich Kai , Öchsner Wolfgang , Böckers Tobias Maria 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe practice of dissection teaches students not only the foundations of anatomical knowledge but also encourages the development of professional competencies. Yet, the dissection of cadavers in the gross anatomy course can be a stress factor for medical students. There are a minor proportion of students who demonstrate strong emotional reactions in anticipation of being confronted with a cadaver. Therefore, in 2008, the authors implemented a voluntary course entitled, “Anatomical demonstrations of organ systems” (AD‐OS) in advance of the dissection course to ease this psychological burden. The question of whether attendees of AD‐OS showed less mental distress at the start of the dissection course compared with those that had not or only infrequently visited AD‐OS was addressed. AD‐OS attendees assessed their expected mental distress using a five‐point Likert scale before starting the dissection course and a second time at the end of their first day, after they had been confronted with a cadaver. AD‐OS was evaluated as excellent and the majority of students participated actively during teaching sessions. Overall, female students showed higher levels of mental distress. AD‐OS attendees assessed themselves as being less burdened by mental distress than members of the control group. Longitudinal analysis revealed that students who visited AD‐OS showed a marked decrease of their mental distress level, comparing prospective and retrospective ratings. This was significantly (P < 0.001; Z = −6.061) different from nonattendees or those who visited AD‐OS only infrequently. AD‐OS satisfied its intended teaching goals and proved that a step‐by‐step introduction of dissection through anatomical demonstrations helped to reduce the mental distress of students. Future studies are planned to measure mental distress with objective instruments. Anat Sci Educ © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Contextualizing context for synthetic biology – identifying causes of failure of synthetic biological systems
Authors: Cardinale Stefano , Arkin Adam Paul 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDespite the efforts that bioengineers have exerted in designing and constructing biological processes that function according to a predetermined set of rules, their operation remains fundamentally circumstantial. The contextual situation in which molecules and single‐celled or multi‐cellular organisms find themselves shapes the way they interact, respond to the environment and process external information. Since the birth of the field, synthetic biologists have had to grapple with contextual issues, particularly when the molecular and genetic devices inexplicably fail to function as designed when tested in vivo. In this review, we set out to identify and classify the sources of the unexpected divergences between design and actual function of synthetic systems and analyze possible methodologies aimed at controlling, if not preventing, unwanted contextual issues.