bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Template‐Assisted Synthesis of π‐Conjugated Molecular Organic Nanowires in the Sub‐100 nm Regime and Device Implications
Authors: Alam Kazi M. , Singh Abhay P. , Starko‐Bowes Ryan , Bodepudi Srikrishna C. , Pramanik Sandipan 
Published: April 2012

Abstractπ‐conjugated molecular organics such as rubrene, Alq3, fullerene, and PCBM have been used extensively over the last few decades in numerous organic electronic devices, including solar cells, thin‐film transistors, and large‐area, low‐cost flexible displays. Rubrene and Alq3, have emerged as promising platforms for spin‐based classical and quantum information processing, which has triggered significant research activity in the relatively new area of organic spintronics. Synthesis of these materials in a nanowire geometry, with feature sizes in the sub‐100 nm regime, is desirable as it often enhances device performance and is essential for development of high‐density molecular electronic devices. However, fabrication techniques that meet this stringent size constraint are still largely underdeveloped. Here, a novel, versatile, and reagentless method that enables growth of nanowire arrays of the above‐mentioned organics in the cylindrical nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates is demonstrated. This method 1) allows synthesis of high‐density organic nanowire arrays on arbitrary substrates, 2) provides electrical access to the nanowire arrays, 3) offers tunability of the array geometry in a range overlapping with the relevant physical length scales of many organic devices, and 4) can potentially be extended to synthesize axially and radially heterostructured organic nanowires. Thus prepared nanowires are characterized extensively with an aim to identify their potential applications in diverse areas such as organic optoelectronics, photovoltaics, molecular nanoelectronics, and spintronics.
A Facile Microwave Avenue to Electrochemiluminescent Two‐Color Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Li Ling‐Ling , Ji Jing , Fei Rong , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Lu Qian , Zhang Jian‐Rong , Jiang Li‐Ping , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWith the assistance of microwave irradiation, greenish‐yellow luminescent graphene quantum dots (gGQDs) with a quantum yield (QY) up to 11.7% are successfully prepared via cleaving graphene oxide (GO) under acid conditions. The cleaving and reduction processes are accomplished simultaneously using microwave treatment without additional reducing agent. When the gGQDs are further reduced with NaBH4, bright blue luminescent graphene quantum dots (bGQDs) are obtained with a QY as high as 22.9%. Both GQDs show well‐known excitation‐dependent PL behavior, which could be ascribed to the transition from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with a carbene‐like triplet ground state. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is observed from the graphene quantum dots for the first time, suggesting promising applications in ECL biosensing and imaging. The ECL mechanism is investigated in detail. Furthermore, a novel sensor for Cd2+ is proposed based on Cd2+ induced ECL quenching with cysteine (Cys) as the masking agent.
High‐Performance Top‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Memory using Electrets for Monolithic Printed Flexible NAND Flash Memory
Authors: Baeg Kang‐Jun , Khim Dongyoon , Kim Juhwan , Yang Byung‐Do , Kang Minji , Jung Soon‐Won , You In‐Kyu , Kim Dong‐Yu , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHigh‐performance top‐gated organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) memory devices using electrets and their applications to flexible printed organic NAND flash are reported. The OFETs based on an inkjet‐printed p‐type polymer semiconductor with efficiently chargeable dielectric poly(2‐vinylnaphthalene) (PVN) and high‐k blocking gate dielectric poly(vinylidenefluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) shows excellent non‐volatile memory characteristics. The superior memory characteristics originate mainly from reversible charge trapping and detrapping in the PVN electret layer efficiently in low‐k/high‐k bilayered dielectrics. A strategy is devised for the successful development of monolithically inkjet‐printed flexible organic NAND flash memory through the proper selection of the polymer electrets (PVN or PS), where PVN/‐ and PS/P(VDF‐TrFE) devices are used as non‐volatile memory cells and ground‐ and bit‐line select transistors, respectively. Electrical simulations reveal that the flexible printed organic NAND flash can be possible to program, read, and erase all memory cells in the memory array repeatedly without affecting the non‐selected memory cells.
Socioeconomic status, stature, and obesity in women: 20‐year trends in urban Colombia
Authors: Olszowy Kathryn M. , Dufour Darna L. , Bender Richard L. , Bekelman Traci A. , Reina Julio C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives:Ongoing social and economic changes in developing countries are associated with increases in body size, and most notably increases in the prevalence of obesity. The social patterning of these changes in terms of socioeconomic status (SES) is not well documented. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in stature, body mass index (BMI) and fatness in adult women in urban Cali, Colombia between 1988–1989 and 2007–2008.Methods:We compared the results of anthropometric surveys completed in 1988–1989 and 2007–2008 of nonpregnant, nonlactating women, 18–44 years of age. Samples in both studies were stratified by SES. We calculated age‐standardized prevalence rates to assess time trends in obesity. Body fatness was assessed by skinfold thicknesses.Results:Stature increased in all SES groups and remained positively associated with SES. BMI increased only in the lower SES group, from 24.4 to 25.9 kg/m2 and remained negatively associated with SES. The age‐standardized prevalence of obesity increased from 7.9 to 17.0% in the lower SES group, but only from 4.5 to 8.2% in the middle SES group, and was unchanged in the upper SES group. Body fatness increased in all SES groups, but only in the upper body.Conclusion:The increased stature in all SES groups is indicative of general improvements in socioeconomic conditions. The increased prevalence of obesity in the lower SES groups is in keeping with the findings in other middle‐income developing countries. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physical strength, fighting ability, and aggressiveness in adolescents
Authors: Muñoz‐Reyes José Antonio , Gil‐Burmann Carlos , Fink Bernhard , Turiegano Enrique 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives:Recent research suggests that evolutionary selection pressures have shaped mental mechanisms to be able to assess one's own and other's physical strength, fighting ability, and aggressiveness. According to the recalibrational theory, anger may be linked to fighting ability and serve as a bargaining mechanism to improve welfare obtained in social conflict. We hypothesized that late adolescent men (but not mid‐adolescent men or women) use this mechanism, as it would be particularly adaptive for them to avoid potential costs from direct conflict in male competition.Methods:The present study investigated the relationship between fighting ability (estimated from handgrip strength [HGS], a measure of upper body strength, and self‐reported fighting ability) and aggressiveness (physical and nonphysical) in 288 Spanish adolescents aged 14–18 years.Results:Our results indicated a positive relationship between self‐perceived fighting ability and HGS in both sexes during adolescence. There was no association between fighting ability and aggressiveness in late adolescent women (17–18 years). For men, there was a positive relationship between fighting ability and physical aggression, but the strength of this relationship decreased with age. Additionally, for men, there was a positive relationship between fighting ability and anger but only in late adolescence, and thus arguing that for adolescent men aggression strategies shift from physical to nonphysical as they age.Conclusions:With reference to the recalibrational theory of anger, our results suggest that the sex‐ and age‐dependent associations between fighting ability and physical and nonphysical aggression indicate divergent adaptive skills between sexes, which are driven by intrasexual competition. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Umwandlung von Methanol in Kohlenwasserstoffe: Wie Zeolith‐Hohlräume und Porengröße die Produktselektivität bestimmen
Authors: Olsbye Unni , Svelle Stian , Bjørgen Morten , Beato Pablo , Janssens Ton V. W. , Joensen Finn , Bordiga Silvia , Lillerud Karl Petter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFlüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe nehmen aufgrund ihrer hohen Energiedichte und guten Transportfähigkeit eine Schlüsselrolle in der globalen Energieversorgung ein. Eine vergleichbare Bedeutung haben niedere Alkene wie Ethylen und Propylen in der Produktion von Verbrauchsgütern. In einer Gesellschaft der Nach‐Erdöl‐Zeit wird die Produktion von Kraftstoffen und Alkenen auf alternative Quellen wie Biomasse, Kohle, Erdgas und CO2 angewiesen sein. Die Umwandlung von Methanol in Kohlenwasserstoffe, bekannt als Methanol‐to‐ Hydrocarbons(MTH)‐Reaktion, könnte eine zentrale Rolle auf diesem Weg einnehmen, weil je nach Wahl des Katalysators und der Reaktionsbedingungen gezielt Benzin (Methanol‐to‐Gasoline, MTG) oder Alkene (Methanol‐to‐Olefins, MTO) hergestellt werden können. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt eine Reihe von industriellen MTH‐Projekten, die in den letzten Jahren realisiert wurden, sowie den aktuellen Stand der Grundlagenforschung zur Synthese und Anwendung von mikroporösen Materialien für die gezielte Veränderung von Selektivität und Lebensdauer der Katalysatoren.
Design and Synthesis of New Biprivileged Molecular Scaffolds: Indolo‐Fused Benzodiazepinyl/quinoxalinyl benzimidazoles
Authors: Barve Indrajeet J. , Chen Chan‐Yu , Salunke Deepak B. , Chung Wen‐Sheng , Sun Chung‐Ming 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe present article describes the design and synthesis of new biprivileged molecular scaffolds with diverse structural features. Commercially available, simple heterocyclic building blocks such as 4‐fluoro‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid, 2‐chloro‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid, and indoline were utilized for the synthesis of the novel heterocycles. Pictet–Spengler‐type condensation was used as a key step to construct tetracyclic indolo‐benzodiazepines and indolo‐quinoxalines linked with substituted benzimidazoles. Analysis of single crystals of representative compounds showed that these molecular skeletons have the potential to present various substituents with distinct three‐dimensional orientations.
Familial Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease caused by a 320.6‐kb Xq22.2 duplication and the pathological findings of a male fetus
Authors: Kitsiou‐Tzeli Sophia , Konstantinidou Anastasia , Sofocleous Christalena , Kosma Konstantina , Syrmou Areti , Giannikou Krinio , Sifakis Stavros , Makrythanasis Periklis , Tzetis Maria 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDPelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a recessive, X‐linked leukoencephalopathy attributed to impaired myelination during central nervous system development, caused by defects in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene. PMD presents clinical variability, ranging from the severe connatal form to the classic form.CASESWe report the clinical and molecular findings of two affected males, three carrier females, and an aborted male fetus with familial PMD. The two male probands presented with severe PMD phenotype and intellectual disability. High‐resolution oligonucleotide‐based array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) identified an Xq22.2 duplication of 320.6 kb (102641391‐102961998, hg18), including the PLP1 gene and surrounding chromosomal region. Postmortem examination of the aborted fetus at 25 weeks' gestation showed focal subcortical white matter degeneration, focal gliosis, and cerebellar atrophy.CONCLUSIONSGenotype‐phenotype correlation is provided. In the connatal form of PMD, leukodystrophy and cerebellar atrophy can occur antenatally and be established at 25 weeks' gestation. The observation of degenerative brain lesions occurring before the onset of subcortical myelination suggests that the PLP1 gene has a more complex role in human brain development, exceeding its structural function in myelin formation. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly luminescent CdTe/CdS/ZnO core/shell/shell quantum dots fabricated using an aqueous strategy
Authors: Zhimin Yuan  , Wang Jianrong , Yang Ping 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTTo create core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) with high stability against a harmful chemical environment, CdTe/CdS QDs were coated with a ZnO shell in an aqueous solution. An interfaced CdS layer sandwiched between a CdTe core and ZnO shell provided relaxation of the strain at the core/shell interface since lattice parameters of CdS are intermediate between those of CdTe and ZnO. The photoluminescence (PL) peak wavelength of the core/shell/shell QDs was shifted from 569 to 615 nm by adjusting the size of CdTe cores and thickness of CdS and ZnO shells, along with the highest PL quantum yield of the core/shell/shell QDs reaching 80%, which implies promising applications in the field of biomedical labeling. Due to the decrease of surface defects, it was observed that PL lifetimes significantly increased at room temperature as follows: 29.6 34.2, and 47.5 ns for CdTe (537 nm), CdTe/CdS (555 nm) and CdTe/CdS/ZnO (581 nm) QDs, respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of liver transplantation outcomes from adult split liver and circulatory death donors
Authors: Mallik M , Callaghan C J , Hope M , Gibbs P , Davies S , Gimson A E , Griffiths W J , Pettigrew G J 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Adult whole-organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) and ‘split’ extended right lobe donation after brain death (ERL-DBD) liver transplants are considered marginal, but direct comparison of outcomes has rarely been performed. Such a comparison may rationalize the use of DCD livers, which varies widely between UK centres.

Methods
Outcomes for adult ERL-DBD livers and ‘controlled’ DCD liver transplantations performed at the Cambridge Transplant Centre between January 2004 and December 2010 were compared retrospectively.

Results
None of the 32 patients in the DCD cohort suffered early graft failure, compared with five of 17 in the ERL-DBD cohort. Reasons for graft failure were hepatic artery thrombosis (3), progressive cholestasis (1) and small-for-size syndrome (1). Early allograft dysfunction occurred in a further five patients in each group. In the DCD group, ischaemic cholangiopathy developed in six patients, resulting in graft failure within the first year in two; the others remained stable. The incidence of biliary anastomotic complications was similar in both groups. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis confirmed superior graft survival in the DCD liver group (93 per cent at 3 years versus 71 per cent in the ERL-DBD cohort; P = 0·047), comparable to that of contemporaneous whole DBD liver transplants (93 per cent at 3 years). Patient survival was similar in all groups.

Conclusion
Graft outcomes of DCD liver transplants were better than those of ERL-DBD liver transplants. Redefining DCD liver criteria and refining donor–recipient selection for ERL-DBD transplants should be further explored.
Paclitaxel‐coated balloon with bare‐metal stenting in patients with chronic total occlusions in native coronary arteries
Authors: Wöhrle Jochen , Werner Gerald S. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel‐coated balloon plus bare‐metal stenting (BMS) in chronic total occlusions (CTOs).BackgroundDrug‐eluting stent implantation after recanalization of CTOs is limited by the occurrence of restenosis and risk for late stent thromboses.MethodsIn this prospective, bicenter trial we treated 48 patients after successful chronic total occlusion (CTO) recanalization in a native coronary artery with paclitaxel‐coated balloon plus BMS. Patients were matched according to stent length, reference diameter, and diabetes mellitus with 48 patients treated with Taxus stent implantation. Dual antiplatelet therapy was prescribed for 6 months. Angiographic (clinical) follow‐up was obtained after 6 (12) months. Primary endpoint was in‐stent late lumen loss.ResultsThere was no difference in patient baseline characteristics or procedural results. Stent length was 59.7 ± 32.4 mm (16–151 mm) for paclitaxel‐coated balloon plus BMS versus 56.2 ± 25.9 mm (16–132 mm) for Taxus stent. Late loss was statistically not different within the stent with 0.64 ± 0.69 mm versus 0.43 ± 0.64 mm (difference 0.20 mm, 95% confidence interval −0.07 to 0.47, P = 0.14) and at the occlusion site with 0.33 ± 0.69 mm versus 0.26 ± 0.70 mm, respectively. Restenosis rate was 27.7% compared with 20.8% (P = 0.44) and the combined clinical endpoint (cardiac death, myocardial infarction attributed to the target vessel, target lesion revascularization) was 14.6% versus 18.8% (P = 0.58), respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, for patients with complex CTOs in native coronary arteries the use of paclitaxel‐coated balloon after bare‐metal stenting was associated with similar clinical results and a nonsignificantly higher in‐stent late loss compared with a matched population with paclitaxel‐eluting stent implantation (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00670436). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure as an independent predictor of outcome during balloon aortic valvuloplasty
Authors: Cubeddu Roberto J. , Don Creighton W. , Horvath Sofia A. , Gupta Pritha P. , Cruz‐Gonzalez Ignacio , Witzke Christian , Inglessis Ignacio , Palacios Igor F. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesIn this study, we examined the predictive value of the left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in patients undergoing balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV).BackgroundThe LVEDP is a useful indicator of hemodynamic status in patients with severe aortic stenosis. In BAV, decompensated heart failure is associated with worse outcomes.MethodsWe identified all consecutive patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who underwent retrograde BAV at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 2004 to 2008. Patients were stratified and compared according to their baseline LVEDP into ≤15 mm Hg, 16–20 mm Hg, 21–25 mm Hg, and ≥26 mm Hg. Procedural and in‐hospital outcomes and adverse events were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used for the adjusted analysis.ResultsA total of 111 patients with a mean age of 83±11 years underwent BAV. Of these, the LVEDP was ≤15 mm Hg in 29 (26%), 16–20 mm Hg in 41 (37%), 21–25 mm Hg in 16 (14%), and ≥26 mm Hg in 25 (23%) patients. Baseline characteristics were similar among the four groups. Noticeably, patients with high LVEDP levels had significantly higher rates of the combined endpoint of in‐hospital death, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiopulmonary arrest, and tamponade was P = 0.02. Periprocedural MI was more common among those with higher LVEDP (16% vs. 2.3%; P = 0.04). Multivariate analysis revealed LVEDP (OR 1.08, for each mm Hg increase in pressure, 95 % CI 1.02–1.14), small LV chamber size, and New York Heart Association class as independent predictors of adverse outcomes.ConclusionsThe LVEDP is an important independent predictor of poor in‐hospital outcome during BAV. In these patients, the immediate hemodynamic status may be more important than the baseline left ventricular systolic function. Hemodynamic optimization before or during BAV should be considered and may be beneficial. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In‐hospital and one year outcomes with drug‐eluting versus bare metal stents in large native coronary arteries: A report from the evaluation of drug‐eluting stents and ischemic events registry
Authors: Gordon Paul C. , Cohen David J. , Kleiman Neal S. , Montgomery Jay A. , Semder Christopher A. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Keyes Michelle J. , Piana Robert N. ,   on behalf of the EVENT Investigators
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesWe sought to compare the clinical outcomes after perctuaneous coronary revascularization of large coronary arteries using drug‐eluting (DES) or bare‐metal (BMS) stents.BackgroundIn de novo native coronary lesions with reference diameters of 2.5–3.5 mm, DES reduce target lesion revascularization (TLR) with no increase in death or myocardial infarction (MI). The relative efficacy of DES in larger coronary artery lesions is less certain.MethodsFrom the prospective Evaluation of Drug‐Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events registry, we identified patients undergoing stenting of de novo lesions in native coronary arteries 3.5–5.0 mm in diameter (n = 1,485). In‐hospital and 1‐year clinical outcomes were compared for BMS (n = 282) and DES (n = 1,203) patients, using propensity stratification to adjust for differences in potential confounding factors.ResultsMost patient characteristics were similar for the two groups, but BMS patients were more likely to have been treated in the setting of ST elevation MI, whereas DES patients had more bifurcation lesions, smaller vessels, and longer total stent lengths. In risk‐adjusted analyses, the composite endpoint of 1‐year death, MI or TLR was similar for BMS and DES (standardized rate: 11.9% vs. 8.5%, P = 0.10). DES was associated with a 62% reduction in the risk of TLR, although the absolute difference in event rates was small (standardized rates 4.6% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.016).ConclusionsAmong relatively unselected patients undergoing PCI of large native coronary arteries, use of DES was associated with a modest reduction in rates of TLR, with a neutral effect on other ischemic endpoints. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biocatalyzed Regio‐ and Chemoselective Ester Cleavage: Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Barbayianni Efrosini , Kokotos George 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBiocatalysis is one of the greenest technologies for the synthesis of bioactive molecules, for which the presence of various functional groups requires selective protection or deprotection processes. The effective combination of protecting group techniques often results in additional chemical synthetic steps. At this point, enzymes can prove very valuable, as they help to circumvent several reaction steps, owing to the selectivity they show for a particular group. Specifically, carboxylic acid and alcohol functionalities, as well as esters, are of high importance for the biological properties of certain molecules. Esters are enzyme‐labile moieties, a characteristic that many drugs activity is based on. Ester cleavage is also required for synthesis, where beyond any doubt, the majority of reactions and conditions must be highly selective. This review aims to highlight a number of examples in the literature relative to regio‐ and chemoselective biocatalytic deprotection processes of the carboxyl and hydroxyl moieties, used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, bioactive molecules, and drug precursors.