bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le plan Werner, le système monétaire européen et l'européanisation dans les années 1970
Authors: Rücker Katrin 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Pendant l’ère Giscard d’Estaing-Schmidt (1974-1981/82), l’européanisation l’emporte sur l’euroscepticisme en matière monétaire. Après l’échec des projets d’union économique et monétaire au début des années 1970, le Système monétaire européen des années 1980 est une étape transitoire clé sur le chemin vers la monnaie commune, l’Euro actuel. Les raisons de l’échec du plan Werner sont comparées avec celles de la réussite du SME. L’européanisation est définie à travers l’exemple du SME de 1979 dans un sens large, ce qui signifie : d’une part, s’engager pour le progrès de l’intégration monétaire et d’autre part, avancer d’abord avec le couple franco-allemand et ensuite avec les autres partenaires européens. Parmi les raisons de l’échec de l’UEM au début des années 1970 et celles du succès du SME à la fin des années 1970, les arguments de nature économique et monétaire apparaissent moins convaincants que les arguments politiques. La chute du système de Bretton Woods et la soi-disant opposition entre les théories économiste et monétariste ont certainement joué un rôle moindre que les questions de souveraineté nationale, le premier élargissement de la CEE et certaines méthodes à succès de la diplomatie communautaire comme la diplomatie au sommet qui évite « les moulins à rumeurs » de Bruxelles. En outre, les conceptions pragmatique et flexible qu’adoptent les chefs d’État et de gouvernement français et allemand, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing et Helmut Schmidt, dès les années 1960 et 1970 en tant que ministres, les aident sur le chemin de l’européanisation monétaire.
Revolution in Times of Eurosclerosis: The Case of the First Lomé Convention
Authors: Drieghe Lotte , Orbie Jan 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Cet article examine les dynamiques menant à la première Convention de Lomé conclue entre la Communauté européenne (CE) et les anciennes colonies de ses États membres. En 1975, la CE et les pays dits ACP (pays d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique) arrivent à conclure un accord exhaustif de coopération commerciale et de développement, en dépit de l’eurosclérose et de la crise économique vécues à ce moment. Cet article vise à expliquer ce paradoxe apparent. En premier lieu nous examinons pourquoi Lomé a été perçu comme un accord révolutionnaire. À cette fin, nous élaborons quatre caractéristiques de l’accord : (1) sa large étendue géographique, (2) son envergure importante, (3) le développement de son régime commercial et (4) l’engagement de la part de la CE de forger un partenariat à part égale. Ensuite, nous analysons les raisons de la CE d’inclure ces caractéristiques distinctes dans la Convention. Basée sur une recherche dans les archives de l’UE et dans quelques collections privées, cette étude aboutit à la conclusion que cet accord “révolutionnaire” ne résulte pas d’idées ambitieuses au sujet de développement, sinon qu’il provient de relations historiques et de considérations pratiques. En majeure partie, Lomé I représente la continuité des politiques antérieures de la France et du Royaume-Uni vis-à-vis de leurs anciennes colonies et ce sont justement ces deux États membres de la CE qui contribuent largement à façonner le contenu et la nature de l’accord à travers des négociations intergouvernementales. Quoi qu’il en soit, en époque d’eurosclérose, il paraît utile d’affirmer la position de l’Europe en tant qu’acteur international ambitieux comme réponse à la crise interne de légitimité.
Créer des monnaies régionales pour traiter la crise globale
Authors: Lietaer Bernard 
Published: August 2011

Résumé La crise financière fait la une des médias depuis des mois. Que peuvent faire les États, les entreprises, et les citoyens eux-mêmes, pour éviter d’être entraînés dans la débâcle bancaire ? Est-il possible de transformer cette crise en opportunité ?
An Extension of the Dirichlet Density for Sets of Gaussian Integers
Authors: Rêgo L. C. , Cintra R. J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSeveral measures for the density of sets of integers have been proposed, such as the asymptotic density, the Schnirelmann density, and the Dirichlet density. There has been some work in the literature on extending some of these concepts of density to higher dimensional sets of integers. In this work, we propose an extension of the Dirichlet density for sets of Gaussian integers and investigate some of its properties.
Productively Lindelöf Spaces May All Be D
Authors: Tall Franklin D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe give easy proofs that (a) the Continuum Hypothesis implies that if the product of X with every Lindelöf space is Lindelöf, then X is a D-space, and (b) Borel's Conjecture implies every Rothberger space is Hurewicz.
On Domination in Zero-Divisor Graphs
Authors: Jafari Rad Nader , Heidar Jafari Sayyed , Ali Mojdeh Doost 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe first determine the domination number for the zero-divisor graph of the product of two commutative rings with 1. We then calculate the domination number for the zero-divisor graph of any commutative artinian ring. Finally, we extend some of the results to non-commutative rings in which an element is a left zero-divisor if and only if it is a right zero-divisor.
Semen Banking and Cryobiology
Authors: Talwar Pankaj 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTCryo banking of spermatozoa is an essential aspect of fertility preservation. With the advancements in cryobiology and better understanding of cryoprotectants and assisted reproduction, indications for semen banking are expanding. The exponential developments that have occurred over the years in the field of cryopreservation have proved that frozen sperm is as good as fresh sperm in fertilizing oocytes. Semen banking has major role in fertility preservation in cancer patients.
Postmyomectomy Reproductive Outcome in Women above 35 years
Authors: Ramavath Krishna Kavita , Pasumarthy Srinivasa Murthy 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this retrospective study was to assess the conception rate, reproductive outcome and complications after myomectomy in women aged above 35 years. Myomectomy was performed using abdominal and laparoscopic technique.Myomectomy was performed in 50 women in this study. By abdominal method in 35 cases (75%) and laparoscopic-assisted method in 15 cases (30%). Overall conception rate is 20% which occurred after one to one and half year postmyomectomy. Multiple regression analysis showed that age was the only factor which influenced the conception rate: < 35 years, 70% (21/30); > 35 years, 20% (10/50; p < 0.005). Risks for spontaneous abortions (8%), pre-eclampsia (10%), preterm labor (4%) and gestational diabetes (10%) are increased.All cases were delivered by cesarean section. No case of uterine rupture is seen. The retrospective study suggests that myomectomy after 35 years has only a slight increase in the reproductive performance in women presenting with infertility and has a higher risk for preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm labor and NICU admission of the newborns.
Amplifying Charge‐Transfer Characteristics of Graphene for Triiodide Reduction in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Das Santanu , Sudhagar P. , Verma Ved , Song Donghoon , Ito Eisuke , Lee Sang Yun , Kang Yong Soo , Choi WonBong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe fabrication and functionalization of large‐area graphene and its electrocatalytic properties for iodine reduction in a dye‐sensitized solar cell are reported. The graphene film, grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition, contains three to five layers of monolayer graphene, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Further, the graphene film is treated with CF4 reactive‐ion plasma and fluorine ions are successfully doped into graphene as confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV‐photoemission spectroscopy. The fluorinated graphene shows no structural deformations compared to the pristine graphene except an increase in surface roughness. Electrochemical characterization reveals that the catalytic activity of graphene for iodine reduction increases with increasing plasma treatment time, which is attributed to an increase in catalytic sites. Further, the fluorinated graphene is characterized in use as a counter‐electrode in a full dye‐sensitized solar cell and shows ca. 2.56% photon to electron conversion efficiency with ca. 11 mA cm−2 current density. The shift in work function in F− doped graphene is attributed to the shift in graphene redox potential which results in graphene's electrocatalytic‐activity enhancement.
Single coronary artery syndrome: Cardiac computed tomography angiography as a leading imaging modality
Authors: Shittu Adekunle , Kadakia Jigar , Budoff Matthew 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSingle coronary artery syndrome is usually an asymptomatic condition in most patients; thus most patients are diagnosed when noninvasive imaging (cardiac computed tomography angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance) or invasive coronary angiography is done for evaluation for other cardiac conditions. With advances using cardiovascular imaging in the evaluation and management of single coronary artery syndrome; Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) has emerged as a very essential and leading imaging modality. CCTA has the best resolution (spatial and temporal) among the imaging modalities available for analyzing the cardiovascular system for the diagnosis and management of single coronary artery syndrome. We are presenting cases of patients with single coronary artery syndrome with 3 different courses (anterior, septal, inter‐arterial), illustrating how CCTA gives a detailed anatomic/structural evaluation of the origin and course of the coronary arteries, and other cardiac structures. Thus in patients diagnosed with single coronary artery syndrome, CCTA can provide vital information on the not only the course, but the associated narrowing of coronary vessels. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A New Polyelectrolyte Dosing Method: Injection into Deep Bed Filter Media
Authors: Yuksel Ebubekir , Eyvaz Murat , Aktas Tugrul S. , Saatci Ahmet M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to investigate a novel method of polyelectrolyte injection into deep bed filter media. The raw water and the filter media used in the pilot filters were obtained from the Omerli Reservoir that supplies one million m3/day of water to the greater city of Istanbul. A cationic polyelectrolyte was injected at the entrance of the filter and at different depths of the sand bed. The effect of polyelectrolyte injection location and method was evaluated by measuring the effluent turbidity, effluent particle count, and the head losses at different locations of the sand media. It was observed that the simultaneous injection of the polyelectrolyte on top of the filter bed and at the center can lengthen the filter run time while achieving an effluent turbidity as low as 0.06 NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit) and 4 log (99.99%) particle removal.
Degradation and Detoxification of Chlorophenols in Continuous‐Flow Fixed‐Bed Aerobic Reactors
Authors: Gallego Alfredo , Gemini Virginia L. , Rossi Susana L. , Gómez Carlos E. , Rossini Gustavo D. Bulus , Korol Sonia E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn indigenous bacterial strain of Delftia sp. capable of degrading 2,4‐dicholorophenol and an indigenous bacterial community that degrades 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP) were employed to inoculate continuous down‐flow fixed‐bed reactors. Continuous‐reactors were constructed from PVC employing hollow PVC cylinders as support material. Synthetic wastewater was prepared by dissolving the corresponding chlorophenol in non‐sterile groundwater. Biodegradation was evaluated by spectrophotometry, chloride release, GC, and microbial growth. Detoxification was evaluated by using Daphnia magna as test organism. Delftia sp. was able to remove an average of 95.6% of DCP. Efficiency in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was of 88.9%. The indigenous bacterial community that degrades TCP reached an average efficiency of 96.5 and 91.6% in terms of compound and COD removal, respectively. In both cases stoichiometric removal of chloride and detoxification was achieved. When synthetic wastewater feed was cut off for 7 days, both reactors showed a fast recovery after inflow restarting, reaching average outlet concentration values within 36 h. The promising behavior of the microorganisms and the low cost of the reactors tested allow us to suggest their possible application to remediation processes.
Effect of Resuspension on the Release of Heavy Metals and Water Chemistry in Anoxic and Oxic Sediments
Authors: Hwang Kyung‐Yup , Kim Hong‐Seok , Hwang Inseong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTwo types of river sediments with contrasting characteristics (anoxic or oxic) were resuspended and the release of heavy metals and changes in water chemistry were investigated. During resuspension of the anoxic sediment, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and redox potential of the water layer decreased abruptly within the first 1 min, followed by increases toward the end of the resuspension period. Heavy metals were released rapidly in the first 6 h, probably due to the oxidation of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) of the anoxic sediment, and then the aqueous phase concentrations of the heavy metals decreased due to resorption onto the sediment until the 12‐h point. During resuspension of the oxic sediment, the DO concentration and redox potential remained relatively constant in the oxic ranges. The heavy metals were released from the oxic sediment gradually during a 24‐h resuspension period. The temporal maximum concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in the aqueous phases in both experiments frequently exceeded the USEPA water quality criteria or the water quality guidelines of Australia and New Zealand. This suggests that a resuspension event could bring about temporal water quality deterioration in the two sediment environments.
Low‐Cost and Ultra‐Strong p‐Type Doping of Carbon Nanotube Films by a Piranha Mixture
Authors: Tantang Hosea , Xiao Jinchong , Wei Jun , Chan‐Park Mary Bee Eng , Li Lain‐Jong , Zhang Qichun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films can be doped by a nitric/sulfuric acid treatment to significantly improve its conductivity. However, the sheet resistance is still too high for many applications. Here we report on a simple treatment using a piranha mixture that could further enhance SWCNT film conductivity. The high redox potentials of hydrogen peroxides combined with the acidity of sulfuric acid enabled strong p‐doping of the carbon nanotube films. Absorption peak suppression and a G‐band shift provided proof of strong p‐doping of the SWCNT films.
New N,N,N‐Donors Resulting in Highly Active Ruthenium Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation at Room Temperature (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 23/2011)
Authors: Ghoochany Leila Taghizadeh , Farsadpour Saeid , Sun Yu , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows that bulky substituents on the backbone of a chelating ligand lead to metal–phosphane bond cleavage. Butyl groups in [bis(1‐allyl‐5‐butylpyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine](PPh3)RuCl2 give rise to a highly active ruthenium(II) catalyst for transfer hydrogenation. The actual catalytic activity strongly depends on both the substitution pattern at the chelating ligand backbone and the auxiliary ligand coordinated to the ruthenium(II) site (PPh3 vs. CO). Details are discussed in the article by W. R. Thiel et al. on p. 3431ff.
A simple shock‐capturing technique for high‐order discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: Huerta A. , Casoni E. , Peraire J. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis article presents a novel shock‐capturing technique for the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. The technique is designed for compressible flow problems, which are usually characterized by the presence of strong shocks and discontinuities. The inherent structure of standard DG methods seems to suggest that they are especially adapted to capture shocks because of the numerical fluxes based on suitable approximate Riemann solvers, which, in practice, introduces some stabilization. However, the usual numerical fluxes are not sufficient to stabilize the solution in the presence of shocks for large high‐order elements. Here, a new basis of shape functions is introduced. It has the ability to change locally between a continuous or discontinuous interpolation depending on the smoothness of the approximated function. In the presence of shocks, the new discontinuities inside an element introduce the required stabilization because of numerical fluxes. Large high‐order elements can therefore be used and shocks captured within a single element, avoiding adaptive mesh refinement and preserving the locality and compactness of the DG scheme. Several numerical examples for transonic and supersonic flows are studied to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A watershed rainfall data recovery approach with application to distributed hydrological models
Authors: Chu Jinggang , Zhang Chi , Wang Yilun , Zhou Huicheng , Shoemaker Christine A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWatershed areal rainfall estimation, which is one of the most important and fundamental aspects in hydrological forecasting and various kinds of catchment‐scale hydrological models, is widely used in the analysis of hydrological regime change, and its precision has a direct influence on the accuracy of hydrological forecasting and hydrological simulation. In China, it is difficult to obtain the watershed areal rainfall estimate with reliable precision and avoid the phenomenon of ‘the same effect of different parameters’ because of the low density of the rain gauge network. Therefore, a watershed rainfall data recovery approach of improving the precision of watershed areal rainfall estimation is proposed here. This approach is to build new observatories, establish the time–space relations of rainfall between newly built observatories and previously built observatories in a relatively short interval and then recover the rainfall data of newly built observatories prior to their construction through simulating the relations over a longer time. As a result, watershed rainfall information could be elaborated to improve the precision of watershed areal rainfall estimate and avoid the phenomenon of ‘the same effect of different parameters’ to a certain degree in the process of hydrological simulation. The approach is used in the hydrological simulation of Hali River catchment. In combination with the Soil Water Assessment Tool model, a better result can be obtained in the hydrological simulation. Therefore, the approach can be used in other similar catchments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of adrenocortical responses to acute stress in lowland and highland Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus): similar patterns during the breeding, but different during the prebasic molt
Authors: Li Dongming , Wu Junzhe , Zhang Xiaorui , Ma Xiaofei , Wingfield John C. , Lei Fumin , Wang Gang , Wu Yuefeng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPrevious studies indicate most free‐living avian species in both extreme and temperate environments seasonally modulate the adrenocortical responses to acute stress, and those breeding in harsh environments always express reduced adrenocortical responses, which may allow them to obtain maximal reproductive success. However, recent investigations showing a human commensal species, house sparrows (Passer domesticus), expressed similar corticosterone (CORT) responses in both benign and harsh environments. In this study, focusing on another human commensal species, Eurasian tree sparrows (P. montanus), we examined the adrenocortical response to acute stress in lowland populations, among the early and late breeding, the prebasic molt, and the wintering stages, and compared them with previously published data from populations on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results show: (1) similar to highland Eurasian tree sparrows, lowland populations show no differences in baseline CORT levels among life history stages, and the stress‐induced CORT (maximal CORT, total and corrected integrated CORT) levels are lower during the early breeding and the prebasic molt stages than those in the late breeding and the wintering stages; (2) highland Eurasian tree sparrows show stronger adrenocortical responses during the prebasic molt stage than lowland populations, whereas there are no differences between the early and the breeding stages (except for maximal CORT). Our results suggest that Eurasian tree sparrows from both harsh and benign environments have similar patterns of adrenocortical responses in the breeding stage, whereas they are different in the prebasic molt stage. In highland birds, the increased maximal CORT levels during the late breeding and the small increases in adrenocortical responses during the prebasic molt are interesting but remain unexplained. J. Exp. Zool. 315:512–519, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation, characterization, and docking studies of DNA‐hydrolyzing recombinant Fab antibodies
Authors: Zein Haggag S. , El‐Sehemy Ahmed A. , Fares Mohamed O. , ElHefnawi Mahmoud , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Miyatake Kazutaka 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPreviously we established a series of catalytic antibodies (catAbs) capable of hydrolyzing DNA prepared by hybridoma technology. A group of these catAbs exhibited high reactivity and substrate specificity. To determine the molecular basis for these catAbs, we cloned, sequenced, and expressed the variable regions of this group of antibodies as functional Fab fragments. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the expressed light chain (Vκ) germline gene assignments confidently belonged to germline family Vκ1A, gene bb1.1 and GenBank accession number EF672207 while heavy chain variable region VH genes belonged to VH1/VHJ558, gene V130.3 and GenBank accession number EF672221. A well‐established expression system based on the pARA7 vector was examined for its ability to produce catalytically active antibodies. Recombinant Fab (rFab) fragments were purified and their hydrolyzing activity was analyzed against supercoiled pUC19 plasmid DNA (scDNA). The study of rFab provides important information about the potential catalytic activities of antibodies whose structure allows us to understand their basis of catalysis. Molecular surface analysis and docking studies were performed on the molecular interactions between the antibodies and poly(dA9), poly(dG9), poly(dT9), and poly(dC9) oligomers. Surface analysis identified the important sequence motifs at the binding sites, and different effects exerted by arginine and tyrosine residues at different positions in the light and heavy chains. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of the protein DNA surrogate in the investigation of the origin of anti‐DNA antibodies. These studies may define important features of DNA catAbs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.