bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'épuration en France : une histoire inachevée
Authors: Rousso Henry 
Published: July 2010

Epuration in France : an uncompleted story, Henry Rousso.
In spite of the many works devoted to the postwar " purge ", the subject deserves a new reading : the sources previously used to draw up the record, especially for the legal épuration, seem to have underestimated its scope. This provides an apportunity to reconsider the functions and stakes of the épuration, in the light of the collapse of the communist System and the dilemmas of all transitions to a democratic regime.
Une affaire ordinaire : le cas A.
Authors: Rouquet François 
Published: July 2010

An ordinary case of épuration : the A. affair, François Rouquet.
A banal affair, that of a postal civil servant transferred for having " collaborated ", illustrates, through the use of discourse analysis, the average French man's imagination at the time of Liberation, an essential factor for the understanding of how purging worked at the lower levels.
Naissance d'une nation. Le musée historique allemand de Berlin
Authors: François Étienne 
Published: July 2010

Birth of a Nation. The Berlin Museum of German History, Etienne François.
Conceived originally to respond to the East German vision of history, the West Berlin Museum of German History whose cornerstone was laid in 1987, was until 1990 an original project, freely and widely discussed, whose ambition was to provide a " post-national " vision of German history rooted in European identity. Reunification has upset that perspective, because the museum must include the East Berlin Museum of German History, and also because it now must take into account the history of the defunt GDR.
Berlin, guerre des images. D'une mémoire partagée (1945-1989)
Authors: Delage Christian 
Published: July 2010

Berlin, war of the images of shared memory (1945-1989), Christian Delage.
On 2 May 1945, a war of images began between the Allies, then between the two Berlins. For the East as for the West, it was a question of organizing propaganda and counter attack by means of the cinema, so as to legitimize the actions of the two opposing cold war camps. The stakes were large, because in the divided city, two worlds were constantly pitted against each other. The study of film production shows that the image which the two parts of the city gave of themselves was not easy to establish, and that it took decades for the patterns to take form. After the rapid unification, it is not certain that the end of the division of the Berlin memory will occurre at the same pace.
L'holocauste dans l'historiographie allemande un point aveugle dans la conscience historique ?
Authors: Frei Norbert 
Published: July 2010

The Holocaust in German historiography : a blind spot in historical conscience ? Norbert Frei.
The historical interpretation of the Holocaust has gone through several distinct phases. After the war and in the 1950s, historians, as well as politicians and public opinion, limited themselves to positions both timid on the facts and moralizing. As of the 1960s, with the new start of prosecutions of Nazi war criminals, research was stimulated, especially on the factual level. In the last decade, historiography has concentrated on the victims of the Final Solution and on the social and demographic aspects of the Third Reich, a major development concealed by the " quarrel of German historians ".
Révolution russe et écologie (1917-1934)
Authors: Batou Jean 
Published: July 2010

The Russian Revolution and ecology (1917-1934), Jean Batou.
Why did the ex-USSR's communism also give birth to the ecological catastrophe that is threatening us, from the drying up Aral Sea to the post-Chernobyl potential nuclear catastrophes ? The author distinguishes two periods, before and after 1928. During Lenin's time, scientific ecology could be ex-pressed and even played a role as an interest group. But Stalinism broke its drive and bureaucracy took over, muzzling men and their environment.
L'historien et la culture politique
Authors: Berstein Serge 
Published: July 2010

The historian and political culture, Serge Berstein.
Beyond the criticism against the inconsiderate use of the concept of political culture, the author proposes to justify its use by the political historian. Using the French example, he suggests a definition of the concept (political culture and dominant culture) before outlining distinctions (plural families of political cultures) and emphasizing its dynamic aspect.
Un retour à quelle tradition ?
Authors: Kende Pierre 
Published: July 2010

A return to which tradition ?, Pierre Rende.
After the collapse of communism, the question of political and socio-cultural models is posed with particular intensity in Central Europe, especially by a tendency to " return to the past " which feeds the process of transition with the references it needs. But one must not be led astray : because traditions prior to communism are diverse — and often antagonistic —, because the mechanisms of tradition transmission are often lacking, and because the communist years inevitably belong to a past that weighs on the present, the national culture of the former USSR satellites can only be reconstructed by trial and error.
Le concept de classes moyennes. Notion sociologique ou slogan politique ?
Authors: Sick Klaus-Peter 
Published: July 2010

The concept of middle classes. Sociological notion or political slogan ? Klaus-Peter Sick.
From the end of the 18th century to the 1930s, the changes in the notion of middle classes reflected the progressive modernization of French society. Long associated with an Aristotelian concept of politics, it was transformed by the emergence of liberal democracy and the era of the masses, and became little by little a gear, both symbolic and decisive, in France's political and social regulation.
Le 700e anniversaire de la confédération helvétique. Heurs et malheurs d'une commémoration
Authors: Pithon Rémy 
Published: July 2010

The 700th anniversary of the Swiss Confederation, the joys and sorrows of a commemoration, Rémy Pithon.
Switzerland celebrated in 1991 the 700th anniversary of the creation of the Confederation. The preparation of that manifestation coincided with a climate of economie, political and moral crisis in intellectual circles which challenged the very values of the Swiss Republic. The opponents of the celebration committed the error of fighting not the actual celebration of the anniversary but their representation of it. Actually, the 1991 ceremonies displayed a certain cultural boldnes and grave birth to an interesting historiographie production. The popular success confirmed the merits of the initiative, and the quality of the scientific works produced for the occasion showed that the intellectuals' fears were note justifîed.
Les socialistes français et la question des retraites (1880-1914)
Authors: Dumons Bruno , Pollet Gilles 
Published: July 2010

French socialists and the problem of pensions (1880-1914), Bruno Dumons, Gilles Pollet.
The article examines the place and strength of the problem of workers' retirement, starting from the origins, among French socialists, closely linked to the conquest of free time and rest. The problem of pensions was important in terms of political culture as it forced socialism to reconcile its dreams of emancipation with the State's management role in a modern society.
Un exemple de pacifisme juridique : Théodore Ruyssen et le mouvement « la paix par le droit » (1884-1950)
Authors: Fabre Remi 
Published: July 2010

An example of legal pacifism. Théodore Ruyssen and the Peace Through Law movement, 1884-1950, Rémi Fabre.
Supported by the values of 19th century legal ideology, the Peace Through Law movement was one of the major components of French pacifism in the early 20th century. A product of the Protestant and Republican bourgeoisie, it embodied a "juripacifism" which thought its highest degree of expression was Wilsonianism and the League of Nations, and had to face the ambiguous debates of the 1930s and the painful choices following the Munich conference. Its history makes it possible to qualify some rapid approximations and perhaps to frame better the question of the pacifists' position in a Europe torn by the tensions of mass societies.
Akihito en Chine. Les limites de la diplomatie expiatoire
Authors: Seizelet Éric 
Published: July 2010

Akihito in China. The limits of atonement diplomacy, Eric Seizelet.
Returning to Emperor Akihito's visit to China in October 1992, the author de- scribes ail the factors which can explain why it took so long for Japan to start examining its conscience about its Second World War deeds, a process which it has not y et completed. These contradictions, which were symbolized by the very person of Hirohito, continue to affect his successor. They account for the still ambiguous character of the "regrets" expressed by Akihito to the Chinese people.
Origines et métamorphoses de la nouvelle droite
Authors: Taguieff Pierre-André 
Published: July 2010

Origins and metamorphoses of the French New Right, Pierre-André Taguieff.
The French New Right, which grew in the 1970s and the 1980s, seems to have become an empty shell today. But the itinerary of its best theortician, Alain de Benoist, shows that this movement was able to bring up, early and continuously, the issues of roots and identity that are haunting Europe today.
Vichy et la modernisation de l'Algérie. Intention ou réalité ?
Authors: Lefeuvre Daniel 
Published: July 2010

Vichy and the modernization of Algeria. Intention or reality? Daniel Lefeuvre.
Historians recognize the audacity of the Vichy regime's colonial plans but generally consider them merely as plans coming from technocratie circles with no relation to reality. Newly available archives suggest that for Algeria the reality was quite different. The modernization of colonial policy was wanted by the leaders of the regime and corresponded to immediate and long-term strategic and political preoccupations. Their policy began to be carried out as early as the end of 1940.
La citoyenneté interdite ou les enjeux du suffragisme
Authors: Rochefort Florence 
Published: July 2010

Forbidden citizenship — the stakes of suffragism, Florence Rochefort.
France was one of the last European countries to extend suffrage to women, though it had been claimed since the Revolution. The suffragist movement, long faced with the hostility of political parties, became autonomous only in the interwar period. It was then caught between the opposition of the Senate, which rejected on three occasions bills voted by the Chamber of Deputies, and public opinion, distrustful of a divided feminist movement, accused either of wanting to deprive men of their power or of forgetting the proletarians' condition.
De Gaulle, l'Amérique et l'alliance atlantique. Une relecture de la crise de 1966
Authors: Bozo Frédéric 
Published: July 2010

De Gaulle, America and the Atlantic Alliance, Frédéric Bozo.
The American archives show that the 1966 crisis of the Atlantic Alliance did not have the effects too often presented. General de Gaulle's outburst was the end of a process wich clarified the relations between the two disunited allies, France and the United States, and paradoxically reinforced the cohesion of NATO.
Charles Seignobos revisité
Authors: Prost Antoine 
Published: July 2010

Seignobos revisited, Antoine Prost.
Did Charles Seignobos really deserve the violent criticism of Lucien Febvre and the Annales in 1933? We should no longer be dupes of 50-year-old polemics. However incomplete and contradictory, history as practiced by Seignobos, and particularly contemporary history, was fully institutional and social, more global than was claimed, and above all, rich in the "analogical imagination" that should always seal the historian's professional work.
L'invention et la désagrégation de la culture communiste
Authors: Lazar Marc 
Published: July 2010

The invention and the disintegration of communist culture, Marc Lazar.
From the point of view of the notion of political culture, the study of a communist party is a textbook case. Communist culture results from a laborious work of edification whose apogee was reached from the early 1930s to the mid-1950s, and whose construction can be observed. The communist ideal type has two dimensions, one teleological but not monolithic and which cannot be limited to its doctrinal aspect, the other societal, which helps to understand how the culture takes form in relation to social groups. Communist culture is thus not only a simple intemalization of norms, values and behaviors, but the result of active work on the infrapolitical level as much as on that of the party and the national leadership.
L'écologie : une nouvelle culture politique?
Authors: Boy Daniel 
Published: July 2010

Ecology : a new political culture ? Daniel Boy.
While the motivations of voters who declare temselves sympathizers of the ecologist movement seem to show a certain lack of precision, it appears that the militants rally behind more structured references and themes, such as the refusal of productivism, support for the notion of autonomy and the desire to "act differently in politics". It may thus be considered that in France a developing ecologist culture is slowly crystallizing.
Les avatars de la culture laïque
Authors: Baubérot Jean 
Published: July 2010

The ups and downs of secular culture, Jean Baubérot.
The banners of the 16 January 1994 demonstration seemed to indicate a forceful return of secular culture. Nevertheless, recent events were not a "reverse 1984". In the meantime, the secular ideal was rejuvenated at the very time it was returning to its sources. The result is that secularism was and remains a difficult and conflictual awareness of democratic demands within a republican logic which has so deeply shaped French political culture since 1789.
La trace girondine ou la culture politique d'Aquitaine
Authors: Guillaume Pierre 
Published: July 2010

The Girondine strain in the political culture of Aquitaine, Pierre Guillaume.
How can one speak of the political culture of a region with an uncertain identity in which election results reflect voting instability and heterogeneity? The originality of Aquitaine behavior - the cultivation of the art of compromise - makes it possible to measure the distance between the political culture of a given region and that of the national community. Regional studies bring nuances to simplifying ideas such as that of the Radical soil of Aquitaine and show the importance of political pragmatism of both voters and leaders. Thus the Girondine myth which undoubtedly impregnates the Aquitaine political culture has served the demands for both autonomy and greater state intervention. Its present adaptation to the requirements of decentralization is a good example of the transformation capacity of representations to the needs of the times.
La ligne de fuite. L'idée d'Europe dans la culture politique française
Authors: Roussellier Nicolas 
Published: July 2010

Line of flight. The idea of Europe in French political culture, Nicolas Roussellier.
Is French political culture closed to Europe, now conceived as an idea, a construction and also a future ? It is tempting to answer affirmatively, since culturally the nation and its sovereignty are still dominant. But if one nevertheless wanted to nourish the discussion on Europe - and historians carry a heavy burden of responsibility - will it be necessary to challenge France's political culture?
Le retour de la culture républicaine
Authors: Berstein Serge 
Published: July 2010

The return of republican culture, Serge Berstein.
At a time of an apparently general crisis, the author pleads for optimism with convincing arguments. The original republican culture has certainly experienced major changes. It has weathered storms. But it remains the common denominator, the consensual ensemble which vivifies that the political culture of the French.
La place de la guerre de 1914-1918 dans l'histoire culturelle de l'Allemagne
Authors: Krumeich Gerd 
Published: July 2010

The place of the 1914-1918 war in the cultural history of Germany, Gerd Krumeich.
Through his study of war accounts and memories, the author analyses the impact of the war experience on German culture in its individual as well as its collective aspects. That impact brought about the continuation and the diffusion of militarism and nationalism in much of the German society of the 1920s and 1930s.
Le voyage aux champs de bataille
Authors: Brandt Susanne 
Published: July 2010

Visiting battlefïelds, Susanne Brandt.
From the very beginning of the war, tales and descriptions of the front were called for to maintain the solidarity and mobilization of the civilians vis-à-vis soldiers. Very rapidly, a particular form of tourism appeared. After the war, visits to the front were set in organized tours and guides were published. Not before the late 1920s did Germans go in large numbers to the old battle fields, but through images, photographs and accounts the memory of the war and of its dead were maintained, particularly with the veterans.
Souvenir de la guerre et place du monumentalisme dans l'identité culturelle du national-socialisme
Authors: Mosse George L. 
Published: July 2010

The memory of the war and the place of monumentalism in the cultural identity of national-socialism, George L. Mosse.
The author studies the meaning and scope of the new architecture promoted by national-socialism. The buildings and the architectural projects of national-socialism were less original in their style, akin to neo-classicism, than in the functions which they were assigned. Monumental giganticism forced individuals to share the memories of the war, the cuit of the dead and the construction of a new national community, indestructible and faultless, in the image of the stone monuments.
Freud et la guerre
Authors: Gay Peter 
Published: July 2010

Freud and war, Peter Gay
The question of Freud's relation to war is really two questions that ultimately join in a single one, his attitude toward the First World War and the attitude toward human aggressiveness in general. The way that these two questions must be asked separately and then blend together is a lesson in how personal needs, private anxeties, and cultural loyalties on one side, and theoritical, scientific insight on the other, can move along distinct paths, only to converge when the insights are finally applied to, and are permitted to correct, the needs and loyalties. It is fascinating both on biographical and on historical grounds. The story of Freud on war is a story of the triumph of objectivity over subjectivity.
Le cinéma américain des premiers temps et ses modèles de production
Authors: Musser Charles 
Published: July 2010

Early American cinema and its production patterns, Charles Musser.
A new reading of the birth and development of the early cinema's production patterns shows how long it took for hierarchies to be established between the various occupations and fonctions before the emergence of the producer. This relative flexibility of the division of labor in the cinema industry invalidates the often-made comparison with the standardized model of mass production.
Stratégie individuelle ou mimétisme. L'organisation des studios de cinéma
Authors: Benghozi Pierre-Jean , Nicolas Bertrand 
Published: July 2010

Local strategies and sectoral changes: the case of the movie studios, Pierre-Jean Benghozi, Bertrand Nicolas.
From the example of the Victorine studios established in Nice from 1919 and by studying Serge Sandberg's archives, a strategic itinerary of a cinema studio is mapped out. It shows the essential weight of structural and strategic developments in the existence and survival of a studio.
Les origines du groupe Pathé-Natan et le modèle américain
Authors: Willems Gilles 
Published: July 2010

The origins of the Pathé-Natan group and the American model, Gilles Willems.
The development of movie companies in the United States during the 1920s follows a pattern of industrial and financial transformation based on concentration and expansion. By comparison, the French cinema industry lost its pre-war primacy, demonstrated by the difrïculties of the Charles Pathé group. But the French case was synonymous with modernization and mergers, as shown by Bernard Natan's ascent.
L'écran de la productivité : « jour de fête » et l'américanisation de la société française
Authors: Guigueno Vincent 
Published: July 2010

The display of productivity : Jour de fête and the Americanization of French society, Vincent Guigueno.
Jacques Tati's film, Jour de fête, describes in a burlesque style the introduction of American methods of work rationalization in the France of the Marshall Plan. With its peculiar methods, Jac- ques Tati's work accounts for a social phenomenon and a cultural break that neither expert reports nor productivity teams could really grasp.
Urbanisation et exclusions dans le passé parisien (1850-1950)
Authors: Faure Alain 
Published: July 2010

Urbanization and exclusion in Paris, 1850-1950, Alain Faure.
Public authorities are today worriedly searching for remedies to the urban crises, and invoking history to justify their stands and their reforms. But this call is largely mythical because, in political discourse, the past is not considered in itself : it is seen either as a golden age or as the anteroom of our iron age. This approximate historicism leads to historical errors and erroneous points of view. History is not indispensable to political discourse, but a demystified confrontation of present and past makes possible a better understanding of themes relevant to the past century of Paris history - segregation, exclusion and integration.
Voyage à l'intérieur d'X-crise
Authors: Dard Olivier 
Published: July 2010

A trip inside X-Crise, Olivier Dard.
While the theses developed by X-Crise have in recent years been rescued from oblivion the internal operation of this prestigious groupe had remained largely unknown. This study of its inner organization shows that its apparent solidity cannot hide its weaknesses, personal divisions and ideological contradictions.
Faut-il rétablir la thèse d'état ?
Authors: Prost Antoine 
Published: July 2010

Should the thèse d'Etat be revived?, Antoine Prost.
The thèse d'Etat (a very substantial doctoral dissertation) had many shortcomings. The System that replaced it is no better given the risks caused by the lack of precise criteria for the habilitation leading to the position of university professor. Should the thèse d'Etat be revived, or should an higher education agrégation be created for history, with a number of positions offered approximately equal to the number of vacancies?
Les fascismes : essai d'histoire comparée
Authors: Paxton Robert O. 
Published: July 2010

Fascisms: an attempt at comparative history, Robert O. Paxton.
To attempt to define fascism, one must go beyond similarities and the extreme variety of the forms of the movements and regimes which called themselves fascist. Adapted to twentieth century history, Marc Bloch's comparative history method makes it possible to define the function of fascism according to its development stages.
Pleven et Mitterrand
Authors: Duhamel Éric 
Published: July 2010

Pleven and Mitterrand, Eric Duhamel.
François Mitterrand's winning the leadership of the UDSR in 1953 has often been presented as the outcome of his conflict with René Pleven for the control of a party that could be considered an instrument of personal promotion. The methods and the networks which led François Mitterrand to victory, and more basically, the opposition between two men so different in training and temperament are symbolic of the debate of the 1950s about priority for Europe or for the French Union.