bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic microturbulence in W7-X: comparison of local gyrokinetic simulations with Doppler reflectometry measurements
Authors: González-Jerez A. , García-Regaña J.M. , Calvo I. , Carralero D. , Estrada T. , Sánchez E. , Barnes M. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The first experimental campaigns of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) have shown that turbulence plays a decisive role in the performance of neoclassically optimized stellarators. This stresses the importance of understanding microturbulence from the theoretical and experimental points of view. To this end, this paper addresses a comprehensive characterization of the turbulent fluctuations by means of nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations performed with the code stella in two W7-X scenarios. In the first part of the paper, the amplitude of the density fluctuations is calculated and compared with measurements obtained by Doppler reflectometry (DR) in the OP1 experimental campaigns. It is found that the trend of the fluctuations along the radius is explained by the access of the DR system to different regions of the turbulence wavenumber spectrum. In the second part of the article, frequency spectra of the density fluctuations and the zonal component of the turbulent flow are numerically characterized for comparisons against future experimental analyses. Both quantities feature broad frequency spectra with dominant frequencies of O(1)–O(10)  kHz.
Deep purification of copper from zinc sulfate solution using controllable aging FeS nanoparticles through slow-release sulfide precipitation
Authors: Zhang Xingfei , Tian Jia , Zeng Liqiang , Wang Yufeng , Sun Wei , Han Haisheng , Yang Yue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The purification of impurity ions within zinc hydrometallurgical solutions significantly impacts the subsequent quality of zinc electrodeposition. Traditional methods for copper removal from zinc solutions suffer from issues like limited reactivity, high consumption, and elevated costs. To address these challenges, controllable aging of FeS nanoparticles was designed, employing temperature variations to facilitate comprehensive copper removal from neutral zinc leachates. The aging process imparts a crystalline structure to the FeS nanoparticles, enabling the slow release of sulfide ions. A temperature of 60°C is regarded as the optimal aging temperature, at which the resultant FeS nanoparticles exhibit an optimal sustained-release performance during the aging process. Temperature has been found to be a crucial factor influencing the sustained-release performance of FeS. Once the reaction temperature surpasses 60°C, the utilization efficiency of S ions in the sustained-release agent can reach over 95%, with a maximum of 98.5%. Under optimal conditions featuring a reaction temperature of 60°C, a reaction duration of 30 minutes, and a solution pH maintained at 1, the dosage aged FeS at the S/Cu (II) ratio of 1.2 times, nearly 100% copper removal rate can be achieved. The maximum removal rate for cadmium does not exceed 2.5%, and the residual copper concentration in the zinc leachate is below 0.2 mg/L. The precipitate obtained is high-purity copper sulfide residue, which contains virtually no zinc. Slow-release sulfidation can maximize the utilization efficiency of sulfide ions in the solution, reduce the occurrence of competing reactions, and minimize the intermixing of products. It offers advantages such as high selectivity and deep purification.
Optimization of support vector machine for transformer core and winding looseness fault diagnosis based on improved grey wolf algorithm
Authors: Tan Lian , Han Jianglong , Ding Yixuan , Sun Kuo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To diagnose transformer core and winding looseness faults more timely and effectively, a complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and improved grey wolf optimization-based support vector machine (IGWO-SVM) method for transformer core and winding looseness fault diagnosis are proposed. Firstly, the vibration signal is decomposed into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) through CEEMD. Secondly, the energy entropy of different IMFs is calculated, and the energy entropy of different states is formed into a feature dataset. Then, the improved GWO-optimized SVM model is used to classify and recognize the feature dataset. Finally, we establish an experimental platform for experimental verification. The results show that the proposed method can accurately and effectively diagnose transformer core and winding looseness faults, and has a high diagnostic accuracy, which is at least 3.5% higher than the existing optimal diagnostic models. The proposed method provides a theoretical reference for the development of transformer fault diagnosis strategies.
Control strategy for flexible interconnection device considering transformer power losses
Authors: Lin Yurun , Miao Xiren 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a flexible interconnection device control strategy. It takes transformer power loss into account to solve the problems of voltage overrun, station load imbalance, and unbalanced transformer capacity allocation that occur after the large-scale connection of distributed power sources into the low-voltage distribution network to realize the mutual aid of active power and load balancing between interconnected stations. Firstly, the VSC control strategy with capacitor current feedback active damping link is introduced to accurately execute the power commands and maintain the DC bus voltage stability. Then, the load regulation strategy with transformer power loss is proposed to generate the power commands of the flexible interconnection device. Finally, the simulation results show that the control strategy of the flexible interconnection device with transformer power loss mentioned in this paper can flexibly control the power transmitted by each port and maintain the bus voltage stability. The simulation results show that the flexible interconnection device control strategy proposed in this paper, which takes into account the transformer power loss, can flexibly control the transmission power at each port to keep the bus voltage stable. Moreover, it can effectively reduce system loss compared with the traditional load regulation strategy.
Influence of lightning current waveforms of cloud-to-ground lightning with multi-return strokes on the lightning withstand level of 500 kV transmission lines
Authors: Zhang Peixuan , Liao Zhiming , Han Yongxia , Li Qian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The most common factor causing line tripping is lightning strokes, and it is necessary to conduct research on the lightning withstand level (LWL). The statistical results of lightning location systems (LLS) in various regions of China indicate that the total proportion of cloud-to-ground lightning with multi-return strokes in nature is 30% to 50%. The traditional method of lightning protection design for 500 kV lines based on the current waveform of single lightning strokes is no longer enough to effectively protect existing transmission lines. Therefore, in this paper an electromagnetic transient simulation model for 500 kV lines was established, to compare the LWL difference between single and multiple lightning strokes. The influence of the tower height, the grounding resistance, and the lightning current waveforms are all simulated and discussed. It is found that the back flashover LWL of 500 kV lines is significantly influenced by the lightning current waveforms. Meanwhile, reducing the grounding resistance cannot effectively increase the LWL of 500 kV lines when the tower is too high and the rise time of the lightning current is too short. It is proposed that the lightning current waveforms should be fully considered while calculating the LWL of 500 kV lines, both single and multiple lightning currents, providing a reference for practical engineering construction.
CORHEL-CME: An Interactive Tool For Modeling Solar Eruptions
Authors: Linker Jon A. , Torok Tibor , Downs Cooper , Caplan Ronald M. , Titov Viacheslav , Reyes Andres , Lionello Roberto , Riley Pete 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are immense eruptions of plasma and magnetic fields that are propelled outward from the Sun, sometimes with velocities greater than 2000 km/s. They are responsible for some of the most severe space weather at Earth, including geomagnetic storms and solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We have developed CORHEL-CME, an interactive tool that allows non-expert users to routinely model multiple CMEs in a realistic coronal and heliospheric environment. The tool features a web-based user interface that allows the user to select a time period of interest, and employs Regularized Biot-Savart Law (RBSL) flux ropes to create stable and unstable pre-eruptive configurations within a background global magnetic field. The properties of these configurations can first be explored in a zero-beta magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, followed by complete CME simulations in thermodynamic MHD, with propagation out to 1 AU. We describe design features of the interface and computations, including the innovations required to efficiently compute results on practical timescales with moderate computational resources. CORHEL-CME is now implemented at NASA's Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) using NASA Amazon Web Services (AWS). It will be available to the public in early 2024.
Modeling of TeV Galactic Cosmic-ray Anisotropy based on Intensity Mapping in an MHD Model Heliosphere
Authors: Amenomori M. , Bao Y. W. , Bi X. J. , Chen D. , Chen T. L. , Chen W. Y. , Chen Xu , Chen Y. , Cirennima  , Cui S. W. , Danzengluobu  , Ding L. K. , Fang J. H. , Fang K. , Feng C. F. , Feng Zhaoyang , Feng Z. Y. , Gao Qi , Gou Q. B. , Guo Y. Q. , Guo Y. Y. , Hayashi Y. , He H. H. , He Z. T. , Hibino K. , Hotta N. , Hu Haibing , Hu H. B. , Hu K. Y. , Huang J. , Jia H. Y. , Jiang L. , Jiang P. , Jin H. B. , Kasahara K. , Katayose Y. , Kato C. , Kato S. , Kawahara I. , Kawashima T. , Kawata K. , Kozai M. , Labaciren  , Le G. M. , Li A. F. , Li H. J. , Li W. J. , Li Y. , Lin Y. H. , Liu B. , Liu C. , Liu J. S. , Liu L. Y. , Liu M. Y. , Liu W. , Lu H. , Makishima T. , Masuda Y. , Matsuhashi S. , Matsumoto M. , Meng X. R. , Meng Y. , Mizuno A. , Munakata K. , Nakamura Y. , Nanjo H. , Ning C. C. , Nishizawa M. , Noguchi R. , Ohnishi M. , Okukawa S. , Ozawa S. , Qian X. , Qian X. L. , Qu X. B. , Saito T. , Sakata M. , Sako T. , Sako T. K. , Sasaki T. , Shao J. , Shibasaki T. , Shibata M. , Shiomi A. , Sugimoto H. , Takano W. , Takita M. , Tan Y. H. , Tateyama N. , Torii S. , Tsuchiya H. , Udo S. , Usui R. , Wang H. , Wang S. F. , Wang Y. P. , Wangdui  , Wu H. R. , Wu Q. , Xu J. L. , Xue L. , Yang Z. , Yao Y. Q. , Yin J. , Yokoe Y. , Yu Y. L. , Yuan A. F. , Zhai L. M. , Zhang H. M. , Zhang J. L. , Zhang X. , Zhang X. Y. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Yi , Zhang Ying , Zhao S. P. , Zhaxisangzhu  , Zhou X. X. , Zou Y. H. , Pogorelov N. V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cosmic rays do not arrive at the Earth uniformly. Recent experiments have consistently observed small anisotropies with amplitudes of ∼0.2% in the arrival directions of cosmic rays at TeV energies. We perform the modeling of the cosmic-ray anisotropy at TeV energies using the intensity-mapping method based on Liouville’s theorem. This work indicates unrealistically small-scale ansiotropies with <∼10° angular scales in the distribution of the cosmic-ray relative intensity at the outer boundary of the heliosphere. We would possibly need to resolve an issue that the experimental data covers ten years while the Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model heliosphere used in this work is only a single snapshot at a certain moment. Performing the intensity-mapping for multiple snapshots of the MHD model heliosphere and taking the average of the results would improve the results of this work.
Disproportionate Clean Air Act violations occur in communities of color throughout the United States
Authors: Kerr Gaige Hunter , Stedman Richard A , Anenberg Susan C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The United States (U.S.) Clean Air Act seeks to prevent and abate ambient air pollution, while also providing a framework to identify and address violations. Little research has examined where or how frequently violations of the Clean Air Act occur and how marginalized communities may bear a disproportionate share of these violations, despite the fact that marginalized communities experience persistent, disproportionate pollution levels and associated health impacts. Here, we leverage data on Clean Air Act enforcement and compliance together with demographic data to show that the most serious violations of the Act—high priority violations (HPVs)—predominantly occur in communities of color throughout the U.S. Specifically, we find that the number of facilities with an HPV within communities with the largest proportion of people of color is nearly two times greater than in communities with the smallest proportion. Only 6% of facilities with an HPV address their violations within the timeframe mandated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and a larger share of facilities with an HPV in disadvantaged communities do not address their violations within this timeframe compared to facilities with an HPV in non-disadvantaged communities. Enforcing agencies should improve how violations are communicated and addressed. To this end, we suggest several ways to empower individuals and communities with easy-to-access data related to Clean Air Act violations and that enforcement practices and reporting be standardized across enforcing agencies.
Activating information backflow with the assistance of quantum SWITCH
Authors: Maity Ananda G , Bhattacharya Samyadeb 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There are certain dynamics while being non-Markovian, do never exhibit information backflow. We show that if two such dynamical maps are considered in a scenario where the order of application of these two dynamical maps are not definite, the effective channel can manifest information backflow. In particular, we use quantum SWITCH to activate such a channel. In contrast, activation of those channels are not possible even if one uses many copies of such channels in series or in parallel action. We then investigate the dynamics behind the quantum SWITCH experiment and find out that after the action of quantum SWITCH both the CP (Complete Positive)- divisiblity and P (Positive)- divisibility of the channel breaks down, along with the activation of information backflow. Our study elucidate the advantage of quantum SWITCH by investigating its dynamical behaviour.
Development of Rainwater Filtration System with Porous Asphalt
Authors: Nataadmadja Adelia Dwidarma , Putrilia Irsantya Lamara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rainwater that is not properly collected causes stagnant water, where the water will be polluted by pollutants and contaminants. Thus, it is necessary to innovate to increase the availability of clean water using porous asphalt which is researched to reduce pollutants in polluted water. In this study, filtration of rainwater and stormwater runoff will be carried out using porous asphalt as a filter media with six different filtrate variations. Parameters analysed were pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and conductivity. The tests carried out were Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) testing using the Marshall test method with a percentage of asphalt content used was 4-6%, Cantabro Loss testing, porosity, and permeability tests on porous asphalt specimens, as well as testing the filtration effect of porous asphalt. Rainwater and stormwater runoff that flowed through porous asphalt samples without the addition of filter media increased pH, TDS, and conductivity. In rainwater and stormwater runoff filtration, the highest increase in pH occurred in variation 3, namely porous asphalt + aggregate + limestone. The largest reduction in TDS and conductivity values occurred in Variation 7, namely porous asphalt + aggregate + coconut shell activated carbon + sponge + cotton.
The Usage of Additives on Porous Asphalt
Authors: Nataadmadja Adelia Dwidarma , Anjani Nadhila Nurul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Roads are an important infrastructure component, but often face problems such as changes in temperature, humidity, and standing water. To overcome this problem, a layer of porous asphalt which has air voids to reduce standing water on the road surface can be a solution. However, although porous asphalt has water-related benefits, its structure is less durable and requires increased resistance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of adding additives on the strength, permeability, and porosity of porous asphalt. Three types of additives studied were crumb rubber (CR), nano silica (NS), and Wetbond-SP. Several laboratory tests were conducted on the prepared specimens, namely the Marshall, Cantabro Loss, and permeability tests. The results showed that adding NS onto the specimen was able to increase the stability value of porous asphalt, while the addition of CR and Wetbond-SP had no significant effect on the stability parameter. However, the addition of Wetbond-SP improved the adhesion between the aggregate and asphalt, resulting in a denser mixture. The three additives also increased moisture resistance and cohesion loss in the mixture, as indicated by a decrease in Cantabro Loss (CL) percentage. Additives also impact the permeability and porosity values, where adding more additives in the mixture will reduce the permeability and porosity values. Based on the results of the study, the optimum concentration of CR added was 1% of the total weight of the mixture, NS was 4% of the weight of asphalt content, and Wetbond-SP was 0.4% of the weight of asphalt content.
Analysis of type X bracing on irregular building structure
Authors: Hidayat Irpan , Andryan  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An irregular structure refers to buildings or other structures that deviate from standard design principles and geometric shapes. Based on previous studies, one of the factors that causes failure of an irregular structure is the asymmetrical shape, which causes uneven load distribution in the structure. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate an irregular-structure building and bracing type X on this structure. The evaluated parameters were the period, modal participating mass ratio, base shear, story drift, and DCR. The modelling process was performed using ETABS, an element-based structural modelling software. The results indicate that failure occurred in the structure under the existing conditions in terms of the modal participating mass ratio, story drift, and DCR. The model with bracing type X indicates a reduction in the period and rotation Z (RZ) of the participating mass. The story drift on the model with bracing type X also indicates a significant reduction; however, in model 1,3, and 5, the story drift value did not meet the story drift requirement. The DCR values of the column and beam in the model with bracing type X also indicate a reduction; however, there are some elements in the structure that do not meet the requirements of model 1,3, and 5. Bracing placement at the corner of the structure has a more significant effect on the structure.
Design of the Mobile Application to Reduce the Carbon Track
Authors: Heripracoyo Sulistyo , Imawan Fathan Zidni , Adikusumo Leonardus Williem 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Climate change is impacted by global warming. As a result of climate change, some local weather patterns are gradually altering. Climate change and carbon emissions are inextricably linked and contribute to a number of phenomena, including the melting of ice at the north and south poles due to rising global temperatures. The danger of dying increases with temperature. By developing and constructing a mobile application, this study aims to promote environmental restoration efforts by providing carbon compensation, which is a carbon emissions trading system. The developed mobile application tracks carbon offsets. Users’ comments are gathered through surveys, and design and prototype are done using the Unified Modelling Language (UML). Users of mobile apps can lessen their impact on the environment, ameliorate climatic calamities, or even survive them. As a result of this application, you can lower your carbon footprint and increase your environmental consciousness by using mobile applications.
Utilizing hammer tests and ultrasonic pulse velocity to ascertain the compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Hidayat Irpan , Rahardhani Audry Farrel Shang , Suhardjo Gabriellela Aprilyanthi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the compressive strength of concrete in an existing building using non-destructive testing methods, specifically the hammer test and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The hammer test employed two types of tools, type N, which reads the rebound number (R), and another type that reads the rebound coefficient (Q) value. In the study, 40 column samples were tested, revealing concrete quality measurements of 30.5 MPa and 27.8 MPa obtained from hammer test type N and rebound coefficient (Q), respectively. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic pulse velocity reading was 3288 m/s. The data from the hammer test type N and rebound coefficient (Q) were correlated with the velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity, resulting in a linear regression formula of f’c = 0.0137x - 17.12 and f’c = 0.0099x - 2.1973, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) of hammer test type N and velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity was 0.64, while the coefficient of determination (R2) of hammer test Q value and velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity was 0.70. The research predicted that the model for determining the quality of concrete by correlating the hammer test Q value with the velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity was better than using hammer test type N.
Lane Reduction and Queue Length Relationship on Arterial and Collector Roads
Authors: Prahara Eduardi , Arsyad Rio Dandy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Geometric diversity of roads for an example is the narrowing of road segments. The purpose of this research is to determine whether lane reduction leads to significant queue lengths, observe the behaviour of drivers on those road segments, and compare the actual queue length to the queue length generated by PTV Vissim. The data used in this study consists of direct observations during peak hours in the morning, afternoon, and evening, along with simulations using PTV Vissim. The queue results obtained from PTV Vissim were validated using two types of tests. The research findings indicate a significant relationship between queue length and lane reduction during peak hours on workdays. However, during the evening peak hours on weekends, the queue length is not significantly affected by lane reduction. As a potential solution, widening each road segment in PTV Vissim was tested, which increased road capacity and slightly reduced the queues that occurred.
Enhancing Sustainable Public Library: Spatial Relationship Implementation to Foster Optimal Social Interaction
Authors: Calista V , Suharjanto G 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The public library holds great potential as a community space for people to gather, learn, and socialize outside of their homes and workplaces. However, it’s unfortunate that many libraries have not been able to fully embrace their communities, leading to a decline in involvement and interest. This lack of engagement can lead to decreased interest in reading, less involvement from middle-class individuals, and other challenges. To address this issue, spatial organization and social interaction can be used to create a more inclusive and welcoming environment. Through a quantitative study using contingency analysis to find the relationship between social interaction and spatial relationship, eight relationships are found to be applied in libraries.