bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogeneity of precipitation series in the Netherlands and their trends in the past century
Authors: Buishand T. A. , De Martino G. , Spreeuw J. N. , Brandsma T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe historical daily precipitation observations for the Netherlands were fully digitized recently. The homogeneity of the precipitation series was tested by pairwise comparisons of the monthly totals using an algorithm of Menne and Williams. Forty percent of the precipitation series was indicated as inhomogeneous if the algorithm was applied to the untransformed monthly totals. The use of a square‐root transformation to reduce the skewness was only successful in an application to the data for the 1951–2009 period. Changes in the annual precipitation amounts, the precipitation amounts in the winter and summer halves of the year, the number of days per year with a precipitation amount greater than 20 or 30 mm, and the 5‐d annual maximum precipitation amount were determined both for the period 1951–2009 using the data from 240 stations and the period 1910–2009 with the data from 102 stations. Significant increases were found for all six indices. The centennial increases in mean annual, winter and summer precipitation are 25, 35, and 16%, respectively. The exceedance frequency of the 30 mm threshold almost doubled during the 1910–2009 period. Much attention is given to the field significance of trends, the statistical significance of regional differences in trends and nonlinearity of trends. In contrast to the increase in mean winter precipitation, which is statistically significant for the majority of the stations, the increase in mean summer precipitation is mainly restricted to coastal regions. The mean summer precipitation and the exceedance frequencies of the 20 and 30 mm thresholds show a relatively strong increase from the beginning of the 1980s. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 as a novel independent prognostic marker for node‐positive breast cancer patients
Authors: Parker Catherine C. , Kim Roger H. , Li Benjamin D.L. , Chu Quyen D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundNode‐positive breast cancer patients are a high‐risk group. However, not all such patients will succumb to the disease. The molecular basis for this biologic heterogeneity is poorly understood. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is a marker of metastatic disease. Its prognostic role in node‐positive patients is unknown. We postulate that high CXCR4 overexpression in node‐positive breast cancer specimens predicts a poor outcome.Methods185 node‐positive breast cancer patients were evaluated. All had standardized treatment and surveillance protocols. CXCR4 levels were detected with Western blots. Results were quantified against 1 µg of HeLa cells. CXCR4 expression was defined as high (≥7.5‐fold) or low (<7.5‐fold). Primary endpoints were cancer recurrence and death. Statistical analyses were Kaplan–Meier curves, log‐rank test, and Cox proportional hazard model, with a P‐value of ≤0.05 as significant.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 54 months; 148 patients (80%) had low CXCR4 and 37 patients (20%) had high CXCR4 level. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) for the low and high CXCR4 group was 69% and 57%, respectively (P = 0.02). The 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) for the low and high CXCR4 group was 62% and 53%, respectively (P = 0.08). On multivariate analysis, T stage (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.04) were independent predictors of DFS, while T stage (P = 0.005), grade (P = 0.024), and CXCR4 level (P = 0.01) were independent predictors of OS.ConclusionHigh CXCR4 level in cancer specimens independently predicts a poor outcome for patients with node‐positive breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:393–398. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation and prediction of helicopter‐triggered lightning over the North Sea
Authors: Wilkinson Jonathan M. , Wells Helen , Field Paul R. , Agnew Paul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHelicopter‐triggered lightning is a phenomenon which affects operations over the North Sea during the winter. It is thought that the presence of the helicopter triggers the majority of lightning strikes, since there is generally little or no natural lightning activity in the area in question prior to or following the strike, and strike rates are much higher than would be expected if due purely to chance. However, there has been little progress to date in the ability to predict triggered lightning strike occurrence with NWP data. Previous attempts have resulted in forecasts which are insufficiently discriminating (i.e. high false alarm rate) to be of practical use.In this study, previous work on triggered lightning is reviewed and case studies are examined in order to identify common meteorological conditions for helicopter‐triggered lightning strikes. Using forecast data from the Met Office Unified Model, an algorithm for triggered lightning risk was produced based on outside air temperature and precipitation rate. Evaluation against past helicopter strike cases has demonstrated that the new algorithm successfully forecasts lightning risk on 80% of occasions when triggered lightning occurred. In addition, the algorithm correctly forecast 8/9 natural lightning strikes which were observed in the operating area during winter 2010–2011. The areas of risk highlighted are usually small, which should allow helicopter operators to plan flights around high risk regions. The information in this study can also be used to inform helicopter operators of the likely conditions in which triggered lightning strikes occur. Copyright © 2012 British Crown Copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Outcomes of flap salvage with medicinal leech therapy
Authors: Nguyen Marilyn Q. , Crosby Melissa A. , Skoracki Roman J. , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMedicinal leech therapy (MLT) to salvage venous congestion in native skin and local flaps is commonly practiced. However, the role of MLT in compromised regional and free flaps remains unclear. Leeches were used in 39 patients to treat venous congestion in native skin (n = 5), local flaps (n = 6), regional flaps (n = 14), and free flaps (n = 14). There were no total losses in patients with compromised native skin or local flaps. One patient who had received a radial forearm free flap expired before flap outcome could be assessed, and was excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 27 regional and free flaps, 33.3% were salvaged, 33.3% were partially salvaged, and 33.3% were lost. Means of 38.3 ± 34.0, 101.0 ± 11.2, and 157.9 ± 224.4 leeches and 1.7 ± 3.6, 3.2 ± 4.4, and 5.6 ± 5.2 units of blood were required for the salvaged, partially salvaged, and lost groups, respectively. Twenty‐two patients required blood transfusion (57.9%). No patients developed wound infection with Aeromonas hydrophilia. Two patients developed donor site hematomas, and four patients developed recipient site hematomas. MLT is efficacious in congested native skin and local flaps. Some regional and free flaps can be totally orpartially salvaged. However, the morbidity of MLT must be weighed against the risks of flap loss. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Reconstruction of hand injuries with multiple metacarpal defects using free fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap
Authors: Simsek Tekin , Engin M. Sinan , Demir Ahmet , Tayfur Volkan , Eroglu Lutfi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHand injuries with multiple metacarpal involvements often include midpalmar muscle, extensor tendon, and skin defects. Reconstruction method is decided according to the type and amount of structures to be restored. Bone reconstruction and resurfacing of the skin is regarded as priority, and restoration of tendon function and joint mobility can be left for further procedures. An ideal flap for such defects should provide bone for multiple metacarpal defects and a large enough skin paddle. Such flaps are few, and one of the most suitable of them all is the free fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap (free FOSCF). In this report, our experience with the use of free FOSCF for reconstruction of the mutilating hand injury in five patients with extensive skin integument and metacarpal involvement has been presented. Total lengths of fibular flaps were averagely 11 cm in length and were divided into averagely 2.4 segments. Average dimensions of the skin paddles were 7.75 × 8.75 cm. Although the nature of the devastating traumas limited the ultimate functional recovery; wound closure, stability, and various degrees of mobility were restored in all patients. In our experience, reconstruction with free FOSCF proved to be an effective tool in mutilating hand injuries with metacarpal involvement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Tibial nerve decompression: Reliable exposure using shorter incisions
Authors: Ducic Ivica , Felder John M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: Patients and surgeons recognize the value of procedures that minimize scarring and tissue dissection, but technical standards do not exist with regards to incision lengths needed for tibial nerve decompression. This article introduces reproducible techniques that reliably provide exposure for release of known anatomical compression points of the tibial nerve, while minimizing the length of required skin incisions. Methods: The senior author's approach to decompression of the tibial nerve at the soleus arch and the tarsal tunnel is presented. Typical incision lengths and surgical exposure are demonstrated photographically. The safety of using this technique is examined by review of the medical records of all patients undergoing this procedure from 2003 to 2011, looking for technical complications such as unintentional damage to nerves or adjacent structures. Results: 224 consecutive patients undergoing 252 total procedures underwent release of known anatomical compression points of the tibial nerve at either the tarsal tunnel, inner ankle, or the soleus arch. Typical incision lengths used for these procedures were 5 cm for the proximal calf and 4.5 cm for the tarsal tunnel. Review of medical records revealed no incidences of unintentional injury to nerves or adjacent important structures. Functional and neurological outcomes were not assessed. Conclusions: Tibial nerve decompression by release of known anatomical compression points can be accomplished safely and effectively via minimized skin incisions using the presented techniques. With appropriate knowledge of anatomy, this can be performed without additional risk of injury to the patient, making classically‐described longer incisions unnecessarily morbid. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Performance of sampling density‐weighted and postfiltered density‐adapted projection reconstruction in sodium magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Konstandin Simon , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSampling density‐weighted apodization projection reconstruction sequences are evaluated for three‐dimensional radial imaging. The readout gradients of the sampling density‐weighted apodization sequence are designed such that the locally averaged sampling density matches a Hamming filter function. This technique is compared with density‐adapted projection reconstruction with nonfiltered and postfiltered image reconstruction. Sampling density‐weighted apodization theoretically allows for a 1.28‐fold higher signal‐to‐noise ratio compared with postfiltered density‐adapted projection reconstruction sequences, if T decay is negligible compared with the readout duration TRO. Simulations of the point‐spread functions are performed for monoexponential and biexponential decay to investigate the effects of T decay on the performance of the different sequences. Postfiltered density‐adapted projection reconstruction performs superior to sampling density‐weighted apodization for large TRO/T ratios [>1.36 (monoexponential decay); >0.35 (biexponential decay with T/T = 10)], if signal‐to‐noise ratio of point‐like objects is considered. In conclusion, it depends on the readout parameters, the T relaxation times, and the dimensions of the subject which of both sequences is most suitable. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid time‐resolved magnetic resonance angiography via a multiecho radial trajectory and GraDeS reconstruction
Authors: Lee Gregory R. , Seiberlich Nicole , Sunshine Jeffrey L. , Carroll Timothy J. , Griswold Mark A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractContrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography is challenging due to the need for both high spatial and temporal resolution. A multishot trajectory composed of pseudo‐random rotations of a single multiecho radial readout was developed. The trajectory is designed to give incoherent aliasing artifacts and a relatively uniform distribution of projections over all time scales. A field map (computed from the same data set) is used to avoid signal dropout in regions of substantial field inhomogeneity. A compressed sensing reconstruction using the GraDeS algorithm was used. Whole brain angiograms were reconstructed at 1‐mm isotropic resolution and a 1.1‐s frame rate (corresponding to an acceleration factor > 100). The only parameter which must be chosen is the number of iterations of the GraDeS algorithm. A larger number of iterations improves the temporal behavior at cost of decreased image signal‐to‐noise ratio. The resulting images provide a good depiction of the cerebral vasculature and have excellent arterial/venous separation. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of the anticonvulsant medications Pregabalin and Lamotrigine on urodynamic parameters in an animal model of neurogenic detrusor overactivity
Authors: Loutochin Oleg , Afraa Tala Al , Campeau Lysanne , Mahfouz Wally , Elzayat Ehab , Corcos Jacques 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimsTo assess the effects of different doses and treatment durations of Pregabalin and Lamotrigine on the urodynamic parameters of an animal model of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).Materials and MethodsNinety rats were used; six as normal controls and the remaining 84 were divided as follows: Six “paraplegic controls,” 6 “paraplegic‐vehicle controls,” and the remaining 72 divided into two equal groups. Group 1 was divided into six subgroups; Pregabalin was given in doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 30 mg/kg for 1 or 2 weeks. Group 2 was similarly subdivided; Lamotrigine was given in doses of 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 6 mg/kg for 1 or 2 weeks.ResultsAll paraplegic controls developed NDO within 3 weeks from spinalization. Their baseline bladder pressure (BBP) 19 ± 4.4 cmH2O, detrusor pressure at maximum capacity (DPMaxC) 47.6 ± 4.3 cmH2O, bladder capacity (BC) 0.45 ± 0.1 ml, and frequency of detrusor overactivity (FDO) 3.7 ± 0.9/min. Both Pregabalin and Lamotrigine produced significant improvement. Urodynamic values in those treated with 20 mg Pregabalin for 1 or 2 weeks were: BBP 11.7 ± 1.3 and 9 ± 0.2 cmH2O, BC 0.6 ± 0.1 and 0.7 ± 0.01 ml, DPMaxC 17.3 ± 4.0 and 23 ± 2.6 cmH2O, FDO 2.1 ± 0.2/min and 1.7 ± 0.1/min. Urodynamic values in those treated with 3 mg/kg Lamotrigine for 1 or 2 weeks were: BBP 9.7 ± 2.2 and 8.6 ± 1.9 cmH2O, DPMaxC 17.2 ± 1.8 and 29 ± 1.2 cmH2O, BC 0.7 ± 0.1 and 0.8 ± 0.1 ml, FDO 1.9 ± 0.2/min and 1.9 ± 0.2/min (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPregabalin and Lamotrigine may represent novel alternative treatments of NDO. Clinical trials remain to be performed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1197–1202, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water avoidance stress results in an altered voiding phenotype in male mice
Authors: McGonagle Erin , Smith Ariana , Butler Stephan , Sliwoski Joanna , Valentino Rita , Canning Douglas , Zderic Stephen A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimsWe set out to characterize the voiding phenotypes of male mice to a water avoidance stress (WAS) protocol and compare the molecular changes with those induced by surgically induced partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO).MethodsSix‐week‐old male Swiss Webster mice housed with sibling littermates were individually placed on a platform centered in the middle of a water filled basin for 1 hr daily for 4 weeks. A non stressed cohort of sibling littermates served as controls. Measured end points included voiding frequency, voided volume, bladder mass, and in vivo cystometry. Molecular end points included myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform distribution by PCR, and nuclear translocation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1α) and the nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFAT) by gel shift assay. These molecular endpoints were compared with samples from male mice undergoing anatomic pBOO.ResultsWAS resulted in increased average voided volumes and bladder mass, and a decrease in voiding frequency (P < 0.05). The slower MHC A isoform was only expressed in the pBOO group that developed severe hypertrophy. Gel shift assays revealed substantial increases in HIF1‐α nuclear translocation in the group subjected to pBOO that developed severe hypertrophy but minimal changes in the pBOO group that developed minimal hypertrophy and the swim stress groups.ConclusionsThe WAS model induces moderate bladder wall hypertrophy in the absence of any surgical manipulation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1185–1189, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Network reachability‐based IP prefix hijacking detection
Authors: Hong Seong‐Cheol , Ju Hongtaek , Hong James Won‐Ki 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIP prefix hijacking is a major threat to the security of the Internet routing system owing to the lack of authoritative prefix ownership information. Despite many efforts to design IP prefix hijack detection schemes, no existing design satisfies all the critical requirements of a truly effective system, i.e. to be real‐time, deployable, and robust. In this paper, we present a novel approach that detects IP prefix hijacking in the current Internet environment. The focus of this work is on maintaining the Border Gateway Protocol routing infrastructure and not relying on mutual cooperation to ensure ease of deployment. In addition, we look at fingerprinting two autonomous systems that have the same IP prefix to distinguish hijacking events from legitimate routing updates. This paper proposes a practical and deployable IP prefix hijacking detection algorithm with live hosts on the Internet. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite volume approximation of degenerate two‐phase flow model with unlimited air mobility
Authors: Andreianov Boris , Eymard Robert , Ghilani Mustapha , Marhraoui Nouzha 
Published: April 2012

AbstractModels of two‐phase flows in porous media, used in petroleum engineering, lead to a coupled system of two equations, one elliptic and the other degenerate parabolic, with two unknowns: the saturation and the pressure. In view of applications in hydrogeology, we construct a robust finite volume scheme allowing for convergent simulations, as the ratio μ of air/liquid mobility goes to infinity. This scheme is shown to satisfy a priori estimates (the saturation is shown to remain in a fixed interval, and a discrete L2(0,T;H1(Ω)) estimate is proved for both the pressure and a function of the saturation), which are sufficient to derive the convergence of a subsequence to a weak solution of the continuous equations, as the size of the discretization tends to zero. We then show that the scheme converges to a two‐phase flow model whose limit, as the mobility of the air phase tends to infinity, is the “quasi‐Richards equation” (Eymard et al., Convergence of two phase flow to Richards model, F. Benkhaldoun, editor, Finite Volumes for Complex Applications IV, ISTE, London, 2005; Eymard et al., Discrete Cont Dynam Syst, 5 (2012) 93–113), which remains available even if the gas phase is not connected with the atmospheric pressure. Numerical examples, which show that the scheme remains robust for high values of μ, are finally given. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
A nonconforming rectangular finite element pair for the Darcy–Stokes–Brinkman model
Authors: Qi Ruisheng , Yang Xiaoyuan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this article, we consider the Darcy–Stokes–Brinkman model that can be sorted into three problems: the Darcy problems, the Stokes–Brinkman interface problems and the coupled Darcy–Stokes problems. We study finite element approximation of the model with Dirichlet boundary conditions and make a unified analysis of the three problems based on nonconforming element. Optimal error estimates for the fluid velocity and pressure are derived. Finally, we present some numerical examples verifying the theoretical predictions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
The Prevalence and Health Implications of Concha Bullosa in a Population from Mediaeval England
Authors: Mays S. , Mavrogordato M. , Lambert J. , Sofaer J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTConcha bullosa is hypertrophy of the middle nasal concha attributable to its pneumatisation. It is considered to be the most common anatomical variant of the ostiomeatal complex, but it has been little studied in skeletal populations. It is uncertain whether the prevalence of concha bullosa varies in different world populations. Some have suggested that it predisposes to sinusitis, but this is controversial. The aim of the current work is to assess the prevalence of concha bullosa in a pre‐modern population and to investigate whether it is associated with maxillary sinusitis. Results showed that concha bullosa was present in 17 out of 45 individuals, a prevalence of 38%. There was no evidence of an association with sinusitis. This adds to a growing body of evidence that calls into question concha bullosa as a significant risk factor for sinus disease. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome of newly diagnosed children and adolescents with localized lymphoblastic lymphoma treated on Children's Oncology Group trial A5971: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Termuhlen Amanda M. , Smith Lynette M. , Perkins Sherrie L. , Lones Mark , Finlay Jonathan L. , Weinstein Howard , Gross Thomas G. , Abromowitch Minnie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundLocalized lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL) is rare in pediatric patients. We report the 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for children and adolescents with localized LL treated on a uniform regimen based on Children's Cancer Group (CCG) leukemia therapy (COG A5971).ProcedureFrom June 2000 to October 2005, the study enrolled 60 patients >12 months old with Murphy stages I or II LL. Central review confirmed 56 eligible patients. Treatment consisted of 24 months of CCG BFM without day 28 intrathecal methotrexate in maintenance therapy or prophylactic cranial radiation.ResultsMost patients had pre‐B immunophenotype (75%). At a median follow‐up of 5.9 years (range 1.4–9.3 years), the 5‐year EFS was 90% [95% confidence interval (CI), 78–96%] and the 5‐year OS was 96% (95% CI, 84–99%). Stage (I vs. II), immunophenotype, elevated LDH > institutional normal, or primary site did not impact outcome. Five relapses occurred—none in the CNS and none in patients with pre‐T lymphoblastic disease. Patients tolerated treatment well with no toxic deaths.ConclusionOutcomes of pediatric patients with localized LL treated with 2 years of intensive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)‐type therapy was excellent and is similar to the outcome for standard risk ALL treated less intensively. CNS prophylaxis was adequate with limited intrathecal methotrexate and no radiation. Future studies should identify biologic prognostic factors or biomarkers for pediatric patients with LL, explore less intensive treatment for patients with localized disease, and explore novel immunophenotype directed therapies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1229–1233. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.