bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of practicing nurses as predictors of intended care behavior with persons who are HIV positive: Testing the Ajzen—Fishbein theory of reasoned action
Authors: Laschinger Heather K. Spence , Goldenberg Dolly 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine practicing nurses' attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to care for HIV positive patients, using the Theory of Reasoned Action. One hundred and forty‐one subjects completed a questionnaire developed according to guidelines described by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980). Consistent with the theory, nurses' attitudes and subjective norms were found to be significant predictors of intentions to care for persons who are HIV positive (R2 = 0.27). Personal beliefs found to discriminate between intenders and nonintenders were those related to possible consequences for self, family, and friends, but not job‐related consequences. Normative beliefs which discriminated between groups were also related to nonprofessional referents' expectations. In addition, qualitative data showed persistent concerns about occupational risk for contracting AIDS. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that nurse educators in both clinical and academic settings, target specific educational/training interventions to include transmission, prevention, as well as exploration of feelings, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral intentions about HIV‐related topics. Further theory‐based research and testing of interventions to change practicing nurses' attitudes and beliefs about HIV disease are advocated.
Innovation Inducement Prizes: Connecting Research to Policy
Authors: Williams Heidi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInnovation inducement prizes have been used for centuries. In the United States, a recent federal policy change—the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010—clarified and simplified a path by which all federal agencies can offer innovation inducement prizes, thus intensifying interest in how government agencies can most effectively design and apply such prizes. This paper aims to review and synthesize the academic literature on innovation inducement prizes, to clarify what has been learned that is relevant to current policy discussions, and to highlight unresolved questions that would be fruitful areas for future academic research and policy experimentation. Relative to the existing literature, this paper aims to bridge two gaps. First, I synthesize the academic literature in this area with an eye toward drawing lessons for the types of innovation inducement prizes under consideration by federal agencies under the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act. Second, I discuss the problem of how to evaluate the success or failure of innovation inducement prizes, arguing that careful empirical evaluations of innovation inducement prizes are needed in order to provide guidance to federal agencies (and others) on how to most effectively apply and design innovation inducement prizes.
Epithelial–mesenchymal crosstalk alteration in kidney fibrosis
Authors: Prunotto Marco , Budd David C , Gabbiani Giulio , Meier Matthias , Formentini Ivan , Hartmann Guido , Pomposiello Silvia , Moll Solange 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe incidence of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is constantly rising, reaching epidemic proportions in the western world and leading to an enormous threat, even to modern health‐care systems, in industrialized countries. Therapies of CKD have greatly improved following the introduction of drugs targeting the renin–angiotensin system (RAAS) but even this refined pharmacological approach has failed to stop progression to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in many individuals. In vitro historical data and recent new findings have suggested that progression of renal fibrosis might occur as a result of an altered tubulo–interstitial microenvironment and, more specifically, as a result of an altered epithelial‐mesenchymal crosstalk. Here we the review biological findings that support the hypothesis of an altered cellular crosstalk in an injured local tubulo‐interstitial microenvironment leading to renal disease progression. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of high‐frequency oscillation and percussion versus conventional ventilation in a piglet model of meconium aspiration
Authors: Renesme Laurent , Elleau Christophe , Nolent Paul , Fayon Michael , Marthan Roger , Dumas De La Roque Eric 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundMeconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) remains a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in term newborns. Our objective was to compare two modes of high‐frequency ventilation, high‐frequency oscillation (HFOV), and high‐frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in a piglet model of MAS.MethodsFifteen newborn piglets were anesthetized, paralyzed, and intubated. Following the instillation of a 3 ml/kg solution of meconium diluted to 30%, the piglets were randomized to one of three groups: high‐frequency oscillation (HFOV; Sensormedics®), HFPV (Percussionaire®), or CMV (Siemens®). Animals were ventilated for 6 hr to maintain arterial blood gases within a normal range, that is, pH 7.35–7.45, PaO2 10–16 kPa, PaCO2 4–6.6 kPa. Arterial blood gas measurements, dynCrs and dynRrs, ventilator settings, and vital signs (heart rate, arterial blood pressure, transcutaneous pulse oxygen saturation, and temperature) were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min after meconium instillation. Oxygenation index (OI) ([(fraction of inspired oxygen)(mean airway pressure)(100)]/PaO2), mean airway pressure, dynamic lung function, secretions cleared and histological alterations were studied in all groups.ResultsMean airway pressure and OI were significantly lower in the CV and HFPV groups compared to the HFOV group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups regarding lung function, amount of secretions and histological alterations.ConclusionIn our model of MAS in piglets, whilst effective gas exchange with a lower mean airway pressure was possible with both CMV and HFPV compared with HFOV there was no apparent difference in lung histology or secretions. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:257–264. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combustion Characteristics of Silicon‐Based Nanoenergetic Formulations with Reduced Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity
Authors: Thiruvengadathan Rajagopalan , Belarde Gianetta Maria , Bezmelnitsyn Andrey , Shub Maxim , Balas‐Hummers Wendy , Gangopadhyay Keshab , Gangopadhyay Shubhra 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper details the synthesis and combustion characteristics of silicon‐based nanoenergetic formulations. Silicon nanostructured powder (with a wide variety of morphologies such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanotubes) were produced by DC plasma arc discharge route. These nanostructures were passivated with oxygen and hydrogen post‐synthesis. Their structural, morphological, and vibrational properties were investigated using X‐ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption‐desorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy. The silicon nanostructured powder (fuel) was mixed with varying amounts of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) nanoparticles (oxidizer) to form nanoenergetic mixtures. The NaClO4 nanoparticles with a size distribution in the range of 5–40 nm were prepared using surfactant in a mixed solvent system. The combustion characteristics, namely (i) the combustion wave speed and (ii) the pressure‐time characteristics, were measured. The observed correlation between the basic material properties and the measured combustion characteristics is presented. These silicon‐based nanoenergetic formulations exhibit reduced sensitivity to electrostatic discharge (ESD).
Raman scattering characterization of Zn1‐x‐yMgyBexSe mixed crystals
Authors: Dumcenco Dumitru , Wu Jiun‐De , Huang Ying‐Sheng , Hsu Hung‐Pin , Firszt Franciszek , Tiong Kwong‐Kau 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe results of Raman scattering of zinc‐blende Zn1‐x‐yMgyBexSe mixed crystals are reported. From analyzing the polarized Raman spectra, longitudinal and transverse phonon modes corresponding to ZnSe‐like, MgSe‐like and BeSe‐like optical phonon modes are identified. The observed optical phonon modes of the mixed crystals in the BeSe‐like spectral region provides experimental evidence that the 1‐bond → 2‐mode percolation scheme may apply to the investigated quaternary mixed crystals. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Circular polariscopic analysis of a ZnO wafer for highly sensitive and speedy evaluation of residual strains: Its relation with X‐ray diffraction pattern and topography
Authors: Takeuchi Hideo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe have explored the effectiveness of applying the circular polariscopic measurement to the mapping of the strains in a ZnO wafer. Initially, monochromatic X‐ray topography, which is regarded as a fundamental evaluation technique for wafers, is applied. The measured monochromatic X‐ray topograph shows that the image contrast is remarkably inhomogeneous; namely, the bark patterns exist in various regions. In order to clarify the origin of the above‐mentioned dark patterns, we apply the circular polariscopic measurement, which is sensitive to strains through the photoelastic effect. The brightness of the circular polariscopic wafer map reveals that the dark pattern in the monochromatic X‐ray topograph results from the strain. Thus, we conclude that the circular polariscopic analysis has the ability to compliment the information obtained by the monochromatic X‐ray topographic measurement. The presence of the relatively large strains is confirmed from the fact that the forbidden reflection lines are observed in the θ ‐2θ X‐ray diffraction pattern. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxial growth of high‐quality Mgx Zn1‐xO films by a plasma‐assisted reactive evaporation method using ZnMg alloys as a source material
Authors: Abe T. , Nakagawa A. , Tanaka M. , Nakagawa M. , Endo H. , Meguro K. , Kashiwaba Y. , Chiba S. , Ojima T. , Aota K. , Takahashi S. , Daibo M. , Osada H. , Fujiwara T. , Yamaguchi K. , Niikura I. , Kashiwaba Y. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEpitaxial growth of high‐quality Mgx Zn1‐xO films on Zn faces of single crystal ZnO substrates was achieved by a plasma‐assisted reactive evaporation method using ZnMg alloys. The composition of Mg of Mgx Zn1‐xO films grown by using this method strongly depended on the composition of Mg of ZnMg alloys. Mg composition of Mgx Zn1‐xO films increased with increase in the composition of Mg of ZnMg alloys with 7.5‐30 wt%. The maximum value of (x) of the Mgx Zn1‐xO films was 0.24. The peak position of XRD from Mgx Zn1‐xO (0002) of a wurtzite structure shifted to a high angle with increase of Mg composition of Mgx Zn1‐xO films. The full‐width at half‐maximum value of the XRD pattern of ω scans of Mg0.17Zn00.83O (0002) was 40 arcsec. The root mean square roughness of the surface of Mgx Zn1‐xO films was 1.0 nm or less, and flat terraces and steps with a height of two monolayers were observed. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra of Mgx Zn1‐xO films showed a strong near band‐edge (NBE) emission and very weak emission in visible regions. The peak of NBE emissions of Mgx Zn1‐xO films shifted to higher energy with increase of Mg composition of Mgx Zn1‐x O films. The band‐gap energy estimated from reflectance spectra increased from 3.38 to 3.83 eV with increase of composition (x) of Mgx Zn1‐xO films from 0.01 to 0.24. This new growth method is useful for preparation of devices based on ZnO and its related compounds. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐ray pole figure analysis of ZnTe layers grown on lattice mismatched substrates
Authors: Kobayashi Masakazu , Kumagai Yuki , Baba Toshiaki , Imada Shota 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe electro‐optical effect of ZnTe is recently highlighted, and various device structures utilizing ZnTe are explored. ZnTe substrates are recently commercially available, and high quality homoepitaxial layers can be grown. On the other hand, the cost of the substrate could be a concern for the practical device application. In this study, Si and Al2O3 substrates were used since they are widely used for many kinds of device applications. The lattice mismatch between those substrate materials and ZnTe is above 10% and those mismatch strain should be carefully considered. ZnTe layers were nucleated on chemically treated substrate surfaces. (111), (110), (211) oriented Si substrates and (0001), (11‐20), and (10‐10) planes of Al2O3 were used. By taking the pole figure data and studying the crystal symmetry of the domain, detail information associated with the formation of domains in the layer was discussed. The pole figure analysis revealed that several kinds of (110) oriented ZnTe domains rotated 60 degrees each other were formed on (110) oriented Si surface. On the other hand, preferentially oriented single domain of (111) was confirmed for the layer grown on the (0001) plane of Al2O3. ZnTe layers grown on (10‐10) plane Al2O3exhibited a unique domain formation. Pole figure data combined with the conventional theta‐2theta measurement indicated that (211) oriented plane of ZnTe was a dominant domain formed on the (10‐10) plane Al2O3. These crystallographic features would be related to the interface valency as well as the interfacial bond structure. X‐ray pole figure method was a useful and powerful method to study the domain formation of the severely lattice mismatched structures. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interface inversion asymmetry in Cd1–xMnxTe quantum wells
Authors: Rice C. , Wolverson D. , Moskalenko A. , Bending S. J. , Karczewski G. , Wojtowicz T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSpin‐flip Raman spectroscopy (SFRS) reveals an intrinsic in‐plane anisotropy of the conduction band spin splitting in dilute magnetic semiconductor quantum wells based on cadmium telluride, containing a twodimensional electron gas, and intended for studies of extrinsic anisotropies induced through nanomagnets.We consider various possible sources of this intrinsic anisotropy (interface, bulk or structural inversion asymmetries) and we ascribe the present results to an interface‐related inversion asymmetry of the quantum wells. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Active‐layer‐thickness dependence of Rabi splitting energies in ZnO microcavities
Authors: Kawase Toshiki , Kim DaeGwi , Nakayama Masaaki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe have investigated the active‐layer‐thickness dependence of Rabi splitting energies in ZnO microcavities. We fabricated ZnO microcavities using rf magnetron sputtering for the HfO2/SiO2 distributed Bragg reflector and pulsed‐laser deposition for the ZnO active layer. In order to control of the Rabi splitting energies, the active layer thickness was changed from λ/2 to 3λ/2. In angle‐resolved reflectance spectra at 10 K, the cavity polaritons resulting from the strong coupling between A, B, and C excitons peculiar to ZnO and the cavity photon were clearly detected. We estimated the energies of the exciton‐photon interaction, the so‐called Rabi splitting energies, from the analysis of the cavity polariton dispersions using the phenomenological Hamiltonian for the strong exciton‐photon coupling. The Rabi splitting energies markedly increase with an increase in the active layer thickness. The active‐layer‐thickness dependence of the Rabi splitting energies are explained by a semi‐quantitatively analysis. Consequently, we have succeeded in the control of the Rabi splitting energies in the ZnO microcavities. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of source transport rate upon phosphorus doping of ZnTe layers grown by MOVPE method
Authors: Nishio M. , Han X. , Saito K. , Tanaka T. , Guo Q. X. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPhotoluminescence and electrical properties of P‐doped ZnTe layers grown on (100) and (111)Te‐ oriented substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy have been investigated as a function of source transport rate under a fixed transport rate ratio of source to dopant. The free‐to‐bound emission related to P acceptor becomes dominant, and the shift of P acceptor‐related excitonic emission peak toward longer wavelength side together with the broadening of the peak are observed as the source transport rate increases. In accordance with the photoluminescence behavior, the carrier concentration increases and the mobility decreases monotonically with increasing the source transport rate for both as‐grown and annealed P‐doped ZnTe layers. Temperature dependences of the carrier concentration and mobility have been clarified for several layers. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Infrared radiation detection by a piezoelectric heterostructure at room temperature
Authors: Kryshtab T. , Savkina R. , Sizov F. , Smirnov A. , Kladkevich M. , Samoylov V. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe proposed a HgCdTe‐based infrared imaging device, operating in the middle (3–5 μm) and long wavelength (8–14 μm) infrared spectral range without cryogenic cooling to achieve useful performance on a level D* = 2.6×109 W‐1cmHz1/2. The principle of operation of the IR detector, investigated in this study, is based on the generation of piezoelectric charge produced by mechanical stresses in compound semiconductor heterostructure heated due to absorption of IR light. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sulfuric and hydrochloric acid adsorption on the reconstructed sulfur terminated (001) chalcopyrite surface
Authors: de Lima Guilherme Ferreira , de Oliveira Cláudio , de Abreu Heitor Avelino , Duarte Hélio Anderson 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations using localized numerical basis sets were used to investigate the interaction of HCl and H2SO4 with the reconstructed (001) chalcopyrite surface. The Cl−, SO, and HSO species are adsorbed on the iron sites. The proton is adsorbed preferentially on the disulfides present on the reconstructed surface leading to the SS bond breaking. Different configurations for all adsorption sites have been calculated and the geometric and energetic properties are discussed. The HCl and H2SO4 are leaching reactants normally used to extract copper from the chalcopyrite using the hydrometallurgical route. However, the leaching process became very slow after the first initial stages. It has been argued that the low kinetics is due to a passivation mechanism which involves polysulfides and jarosite formation on the surface. The interaction of the chemical species with the reconstructed chalcopyrite surfaces is investigated aiming to contribute to the knowledge of the chemical reactivity of the chalcopyrite surface at a molecular level. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semi‐supervised Eigenbasis novelty detection
Authors: Thompson David R. , Majid Walid A. , Reed Colorado J. , Wagstaff Kiri L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe present a semi‐supervised online method for novelty detection and evaluate its performance for radio astronomy time series data. Our approach uses sparse, adaptive eigenbases to combine (1) prior knowledge about uninteresting signals with (2) online estimation of the current data properties to enable highly sensitive and precise detection of novel signals. We apply Semi‐Supervised Eigenbasis Novelty Detection (SSEND) to the problem of detecting fast transient radio anomalies and compare it to current alternative algorithms. Tests based on observations from the Parkes Multibeam Survey show both effective detection of interesting rare events and robustness to known false alarm anomalies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 195–204, 2013
The Role of Nanoscale Architecture in Supramolecular Templating of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Mineralization
Authors: Newcomb Christina J. , Bitton Ronit , Velichko Yuri S. , Snead Malcolm L. , Stupp Samuel I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUnderstanding and mimicking the hierarchical structure of mineralized tissue is a challenge in the field of biomineralization and is important for the development of scaffolds to guide bone regeneration. Bone is a remarkable tissue with an organic matrix comprised of aligned collagen bundles embedded with nanometer‐sized inorganic hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals that exhibit orientation on the macroscale. Hybrid organic–inorganic structures mimic the composition of mineralized tissue for functional bone scaffolds, but the relationship between morphology of the organic matrix and orientation of mineral is poorly understood. Herein the mineralization of supramolecular peptide amphiphile templates, that are designed to vary in nanoscale morphology by altering the amino acid sequence, is reported. It is found that 1D cylindrical nanostructures direct the growth of oriented HAP crystals, while flatter nanostructures fail to guide the orientation found in biological systems. The geometric constraints associated with the morphology of the nanostructures may effectively control HAP nucleation and growth. Additionally, the mineralization of macroscopically aligned bundles of the nanoscale assemblies to create hierarchically ordered scaffolds is explored. Again, it is found that only aligned gel templates of cylindrical nanostructures lead to hierarchical control over hydroxyapatite orientation across multiple length scales as found in bone.
Defining the Integration Capacity of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors
Authors: West Emma L. , Gonzalez-Cordero Anai , Hippert Claire , Osakada Fumitaka , Martinez-Barbera Juan Pedro , Pearson Rachael A. , Sowden Jane C. , Takahashi Masayo , Ali Robin R. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the developed world. Differentiation of retinal cells, including photoreceptors, from both mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), potentially provide a renewable source of cells for retinal transplantation. Previously, we have shown both the functional integration of transplanted rod photoreceptor precursors, isolated from the postnatal retina, in the adult murine retina, and photoreceptor cell generation by stepwise treatment of ESCs with defined factors. In this study, we assessed the extent to which this protocol recapitulates retinal development and also evaluated differentiation and integration of ESC-derived retinal cells following transplantation using our established procedures. Optimized retinal differentiation via isolation of Rax.GFP retinal progenitors recreated a retinal niche and increased the yield of Crx+ and Rhodopsin+ photoreceptors. Rod birth peaked at day 20 of culture and expression of the early photoreceptor markers Crx and Nrl increased until day 28. Nrl levels were low in ESC-derived populations compared with developing retinae. Transplantation of early stage retinal cultures produced large tumors, which were avoided by prolonged retinal differentiation (up to day 28) prior to transplantation. Integrated mature photoreceptors were not observed in the adult retina, even when more than 60% of transplanted ESC-derived cells expressed Crx. We conclude that exclusion of proliferative cells from ESC-derived cultures is essential for effective transplantation. Despite showing expression profiles characteristic of immature photoreceptors, the ESC-derived precursors generated using this protocol did not display transplantation competence equivalent to precursors from the postnatal retina.