bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of NKG2D Ligand Expression and Release in Leukemia: Implications for NKG2D-Mediated NK Cell Responses
Authors: Hilpert Julia , Grosse-Hovest Ludger , Grünebach Frank , Buechele Corina , Nuebling Tina , Raum Tobias , Steinle Alexander , Salih Helmut Rainer 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Ligands of the prototypical activating NK receptor NKG2D render cancer cells susceptible to NK cell-mediated cytolysis if expressed at sufficiently high levels. However, malignant cells employ mechanisms to evade NKG2D-mediated immunosurveillance, such as NKG2D ligand (NKG2DL) shedding resulting in reduced surface expression levels. In addition, systemic downregulation of NKG2D on NK cells of cancer patients has been observed in many studies and was attributed to soluble NKG2DL (sNKG2DL), although there also are conflicting data. Likewise, relevant expression of NKG2DL in leukemia has been reported by some, but not all studies. Hence, we comprehensively studied expression, release, and function of the NKG2D ligands MHC class I chain-related molecules A and B and UL16-binding proteins 1–3 in 205 leukemia patients. Leukemia cells of most patients (75%) expressed at least one NKG2DL at the surface, and all investigated patient sera contained elevated sNKG2DL levels. Besides correlating NKG2DL levels with clinical data and outcome, we demonstrate that sNKG2DL in patient sera reduce NKG2D expression on NK cells, resulting in impaired antileukemia reactivity, which also critically depends on number and levels of surface-expressed NKG2DL. Together, we provide comprehensive data on the relevance of NKG2D/NKG2DL expression, release, and function for NK reactivity in leukemia, which exemplifies the mechanisms underlying NKG2D-mediated tumor immunosurveillance and escape.
Antigen-Driven Induction of Polyreactive IgM during Intracellular Bacterial Infection
Authors: Jones Derek D. , DeIulio Gregory A. , Winslow Gary M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Polyreactivity is well known as a property of natural IgM produced by B-1 cells. We demonstrate that polyreactive IgM is also generated during infection of mice with Ehrlichia muris, a tick-borne intracellular bacterial pathogen. The polyreactive IgM bound self and foreign Ags, including single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, insulin, thyroglobulin, LPS, influenza virus, and Borrelia burgdorferi. Production of polyreactive IgM during infection was Ag driven, not due to polyclonal B cell activation, as the majority of polyreactive IgM recognized ehrlichial Ag(s), including an immunodominant outer membrane protein. Monoclonal polyreactive IgM derived from T cell-independent spleen plasmablasts, which was germline-encoded, also bound cytoplasmic and nuclear Ags in HEp-2 cells. Polyreactive IgM protected immunocompromised mice against lethal bacterial challenge infection. Serum from human ehrlichiosis patients also contained polyreactive and self-reactive IgM. We propose that polyreactivity increases IgM efficacy during infection but may also exacerbate or mollify the response to foreign and self Ags.
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Caused by a Gain-of-Function Mutation in the STAT1 DNA-Binding Domain
Authors: Takezaki Shunichiro , Yamada Masafumi , Kato Masahiko , Park Myoung-ja , Maruyama Kenichi , Yamazaki Yasuhiro , Chida Natsuko , Ohara Osamu , Kobayashi Ichiro , Ariga Tadashi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by chronic and recurrent Candida infections of the skin, nails, and oropharynx. Gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 were very recently shown to be responsible for autosomal-dominant or sporadic cases of CMC. The reported mutations have been exclusively localized in the coiled-coil domain, resulting in impaired dephosphorylation of STAT1. However, recent crystallographic analysis and direct mutagenesis experiments indicate that mutations affecting the DNA-binding domain of STAT1 could also lead to persistent phosphorylation of STAT1. To our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that a DNA-binding domain mutation of c.1153C&gt;T in exon 14 (p.T385M) is the genetic cause of sporadic CMC in two unrelated Japanese patients. The underlying mechanisms involve a gain of STAT1 function due to impaired dephosphorylation as observed in the coiled-coil domain mutations.
Curing Depth of Light-activated Nanofiller containing Resin Composites
Authors: Finger Werner J , Kanehira Masafumi , Araki Yasuyuki , Wada Takehiko , Utterodt Andreas , Komatsu Masashi 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
To compare the depth of cure of nanofiller containing with conventional resin composites.

Materials and methods
Five nanofilled and nanohybrid composites were investigated and compared with a microfilled and a microhybrid reference, using the ISO 4049 scraping test, Knoop hardness (KHN) and DC profiling. Specimens from all materials (shade A3) were activated with the same LED light source for 20s. KHN (0.25N/15s) of three specimens each, produced in split molds was measured after 24 hours dark storage on sections perpendicular to the irradiated surface at 250 µm distance along the center line and two parallel lines, 0.5 mm apart, to a depth of 3 mm. Mean KHNs of the three neighboring indentations at each level were calculated. Degree of conversion (DC) was determined on specimens as mentioned above using micro-Raman spectroscopy at 125 µm distance with three measurements at each depth level.

Results
The depth of cure of all materials was >2 mm when determined according to the ISO test. KHN and DC data followed second order polynomial regression lines (r2 > 0.70; p < 0.001). At 2 mm depth, the KHN of six resin composites was ≤80% of the top KHN whereas the DC of all materials was ≥86% of the maximum DC at the irradiated surface.

Conclusion
The ISO scraping test overemphasizes the attainable depth of cure, when compared with 80% of top KHN as arbitrarily defined curing depth. KHNs reflect the crosslink density of the polymer, whereas DC additionally includes double bond conversions not contributing to enhancement of mechanical characteristics.

How to cite this article
Kanehira M, Araki Y, Finger WJ, Wada T, Utterodt A, Komatsu M. Curing Depth of Light-activated Nanofiller containing Resin Composites. World J Dent 2012;3(2): 119-125.
Effect of Glass Fiber Length on Flexural Strength of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin
Authors: Omid Tavakkol , Venus Mortazavi Moghaddam , Farahnaz Sharafeddin , Asghar Alavi Ali 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine experimentally maximum fracture load of fiber-reinforced composite with different span lengths and to determine the effect of glass fiber on this parameter.

Materials and methods
Six fiber-reinforced groups (n = 10) were made with three different lengths (10, 15, 20 mm) with or without glass fiber in split mold. The specimens were early cured and then post-cured with a labolite unit, then specimens were subjected to three-point flexural test by a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and LSD post-hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results
Maximum fracture load of specimens increased with decreasing lengths (p < 0.001) and fiber-containing group showed significantly higher fracture load than fiberless groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
It was concluded that by increasing the span length, the maximum fracture load values (N) decreased incorporation of fiber results in higher fracture strength values.

How to cite this article
Omid T, Venus MM, Farahnaz S, Asghar AA. Effect of Glass Fiber Length on Flexural Strength of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin. World J Dent 2012;3(2):131-135.
Pattern of Malocclusion and Treatment Need in Orthodontic Patients: An Institution-based Study
Authors: Nanjannawar Lalita G , Agrawal Jiwan Asha , Agrawal Manish 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze the malocclusion pattern among patients who visited Department of Orthodontics of BVU Dental College and Hospital, Sangli (Maharashtra) as a baseline data for proper treatment planning, teaching and further research.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted on 125 patients who attended the orthodontic department from December 2008 to June 2010. Information regarding age, sex, type of malocclusion, dentofacial patterns and dentofacial characteristics was obtained from patients records. Orthodontic treatment need was assessed using DHC component of IOTN.

Results
The results of the study showed that the patients age ranged from 10 to 33 years with mean age of 16 years 9 months (+ 3.92). There were 91 (72.8%) females and 34 (28.2%) males. Chief complaints of majority of patients were ‘upper front teeth forward’ and ‘irregular teeth’. The commonest type of malocclusion was Angle's class II which was seen in 60 (48%) of patients. There was an increased overjet in 81% of subjects. Statistically significant association was found between skeletal and Angle's classes (p < 0.01). Assessment of need for orthodontic treatment using the DHC component of IOTN showed that 59 (47.2%) were in great need of orthodontic treatment and 53 (42.4%) had definite need of treatment.

Conclusion
The results give a detailed pattern of malocclusion in orthodontic patients and may provide a baseline data for research and planning orthodontic services.

How to cite this article
Nanjannawar L, Agrawal JA, Agrawal M. Pattern of Malocclusion and Treatment Need in Orthodontic Patients: An Institution-based Study. World J Dent 2012;3(2):136-140.
Fluorescence Level of Composites assessed by Computer Processing of Digital Images: ScanWhite©
Authors: de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Saad José Roberto Cury , de Campos Edson Alves , de Souza Rastelli Alessandra Nara , Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Toledo Porto Neto Sizenando , de Oliveira Osmir Batista , Dantas Andrea Abbi Rached 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
The human dentition is naturally translucent, opalescent and fluorescent. Differences between the level of fluorescence of tooth structure and restorative materials may result in distinct metameric properties and consequently perceptible disparate esthetic behavior, which impairs the esthetic result of the restorations, frustrating both patients and staff. In this study, we evaluated the level of fluorescence of different composites (Durafill in tones A2 (Du), Charisma in tones A2 (Ch), Venus in tone A2 (Ve), Opallis enamel and dentin in tones A2 (OPD and OPE), Point 4 in tones A2 (P4), Z100 in tones A2 (Z1), Z250 in tones A2 (Z2), Te-Econom in tones A2 (TE), Tetric Ceram in tones A2 (TC), Tetric Ceram N in tones A1, A2, A4 (TN1, TN2, TN4), Four seasons enamel and dentin in tones A2 (and 4SD 4SE), Empress Direct enamel and dentin in tones A2 (EDE and EDD) and Brilliant in tones A2 (Br)). Cylindrical specimens were prepared, coded and photographed in a standardized manner with a Canon EOS digital camera (400 ISO, 2.8 aperture and 1/ 30 speed), in a dark environment under the action of UV light (25 W). The images were analyzed with the software ScanWhite©-DMC/Darwin systems. The results showed statistical differences between the groups (p < 0.05), and between these same groups and the average fluorescence of the dentition of young (18 to 25 years) and adults (40 to 45 years) taken as control. It can be concluded that: Composites Z100, Z250 (3M ESPE) and Point 4 (Kerr) do not match with the fluorescence of human dentition and the fluorescence of the materials was found to be affected by their own tone.

How to cite this article
Tonetto MR, de Oliveira Junior OB, de Campos EA, Saad JRC, Dantas AAR, de Souza Rastelli AN, de Toledo Porto Neto S, de Andrade MF. Fluorescence Level of Composites assessed by Computer Processing of Digital Images: ScanWhite©. World J Dent 2012;3(2):141-144.
Microleakage of Silorane-based Resin Composite in Comparison with Methacrylate-based Composite in Class II Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Hegde Nidarsh D 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different monomer systems on microleakage in class II composite open sandwich restorations with and without a separating agent placed between the nanofilled resin modified glass ionomer and the resin.

Materials and methods
Class II cavity preparations were prepared in maxillary premolars (n = 240) and the cervical limit of the proximal box was below the cementoenamel junction. Group 1 was restored with silorane-based composite and group II was restored with methacrylate-based composite. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and examined for microleakage after in 50% silver nitrate solution. The recorded results of dye penetration were statistically analyzed using Chisquare test.

Results
Methacrylate-based composite (Filtek Z 350, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) exhibited the highest dye penetration and silorane-based composite (Filtek P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) showed the lowest dye penetration among the restorative materials. However, specimens with separating agent showed almost no leakage between the RMGIC and tooth interface.

Conclusion
Forces of polymerization shrinkage are stronger than the bond between glass ionomer cement and tooth interface and the use of silorane technology in open sandwich restoration will decrease microleakage and improve clinical performance.

How to cite this article
Hegde MN, Hegde N, Hegde ND. Microleakage of Silorane-based Resin Composite in Comparison with Methacrylate-based Composite in Class II Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2012;3(2):145-149.
Shear Bond Strength of a Chemical Resin Cement to Five Adhesive Systems in Bovine Dentin
Authors: da Silva Eduardo Galera , Huhtala Maria Filomena Rocha Lima , Gomes Ana Paula Martins , Pagani Clovis , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Kubo Claudio Hideki , Caneppele Taciana Marco Ferraz 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength of a chemical resin cement to five adhesive systems in bovine dentin.

Materials and methods
One hundred and three bovine teeth were divided into five experimental groups (n = 19) and two control groups (n = 4). A flat dentin surface was exposed on each tooth after wet grinding the buccal enamel, in order to apply the adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond, Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Multi Bond Uno plus Duo, One Step, Prompt L-Pop) to 95 teeth, according to manufacture's instructions. Four teeth were etched with phosphoric acid (negative control) and four teeth were no etched with phosphoric acid (positive control). Light-cured composite blocks were sandblasted before the cementation with C&B Cement (Bisco) over the treated dentin. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C and submitted to the shear bond strength test after 7 days.

Results
ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05) demonstrated that Adper Single Bond (7.47 ± 4.37), Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (6.68 ± 5.11) and One Step (7.30 ± 4.29) presented the highest bond strength values. Prompt L-Pop (0.05 ± 0.17) and Multi Bond Uno plus Duo (0.72 ± 1.41) presented the lowest significant bond strength values.

Conclusion
The shear bond strength of composite resin cylinders cemented with chemically activated resin cement depends on the adhesive system used.

Clinical significance
Fourth and fifth generation light polymerized bonding systems are indicated when self-polymerizing cements are used.

How to cite this article
Kubo CH, Caneppele TMF, da Silva EG, Huhtala MFRL, Torres CRG, Pagani C, Gomes APM. Shear Bond Strength of a Chemical Resin Cement to Five Adhesive Systems in Bovine Dentin. World J Dent 2012;3(2):150-155.
Analysis of the Effect of Dental Chair Light on the Knoop Hardness of Composite Resin While Light Curing with QTH and LED Light Units
Authors: Parekh Bandish , Sathe Sucheta 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
Dental chair lights have been known to rapidly polymerize lightcured composites beyond the point of workability. Often in our dental clinics we are advised to switch off the dental chair light while light curing of dental composites. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the dental chair light causes any effect on the degree of polymerization of light cured composites using the quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) and the light emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCUs). Filtek Z350 composite samples of 2 × 5 mm were prepared in an acrylic mold. Four groups were made having 20 samples each. In group I and II light curing was done using QTH LCU with and without the dental chair light respectively. Similarly in group III and IV LED LCU was used. Microhardness was measured and compared using Knoop's hardness Test. Data was submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results showed that the average microhardness was significantly higher in group 4 (LED light curing with dental chair light on). Thus, it was concluded that the dental chair light can be left on while using QTH and LED LCU's during light curing of composite material.

How to cite this article
Parekh B, Sathe S, Hegde V. Analysis of the Effect of Dental Chair Light on the Knoop Hardness of Composite Resin While Light Curing with QTH and LED Light Units. World J Dent 2012;3(2):156-160.
Evaluation of Apical Filling after Warm Vertical Compaction using Two Different Endodontic Materials: Resilon® and Gutta-Percha
Authors: Naaman Alfred , Zogheib Carla , Medioni Etienne 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
Forty-eight extracted maxillary anterior teeth instrumented with ProTaper system to apical preparations 0.25, 0.40 and 0.60 mm (n = 16 each) were divided into six groups for filling as following: Group 1: Apical preparation 25/100 + gutta-percha/AH Plus sealer, group 2: Apical preparation 25/100 + Resilon/Real Seal, group 3: Apical preparation 40/100 + gutta-percha/AH plus sealer, group 4: Apical preparation 40/100 + Resilon/Real Seal, group 5: Apical preparation 60/100 + gutta-percha/AH plus, group 6: Apical preparation 60/100 + Resilon/Real Seal. All teeth were filled using the warm vertical technique. Horizontal sections at 1, 2 and 3 mm from the apex were observed by SEM under 200 × magnification. Sections were digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope and the images were transferred to a compatible PC for image analysis. The surface area of voids were calculated and compared at all levels; using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Sidak correction and Mann-Whitney U test (p > 0.05).
Comparisons within each group (gutta-percha/AH plus and Resilon/Real Seal) showed the presence of voids but there was no significant difference between any level of sectioning for apical preparations of 25 and 40 (p > 0.05). The only difference was in the groups prepared to size 60 and filled with Resilon/ Real Seal which showed significantly more voids than the group filled with gutta-percha/AH plus and especially at the 3 mm level.

Conclusion
The system Resilon/Real Seal did not achieve better results in terms of sealing ability in the apical third when compared to the conventional gutta-percha/AH plus sealing system.

How to cite this article
Zogheib C, Naaman A, Medioni E. Evaluation of Apical Filling after Warm Vertical Compaction using Two Different Endodontic Materials: Resilon® and Gutta-Percha. World J Dent 2012;3(2):166-170.
Comparison of Hardness and Surface Roughness of Two Denture bases Polymerized by Different Methods
Authors: Bahrani Farideh , Vojdani Mahroo , Safari Anahita , Karampoor Ghasem 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanical property hardness and surface roughness (Ra) of different polymerization acrylic resins used for denture bases.

Materials and methods
A total of 30 specimens were prepared and divided in two groups. A total of 15 samples were processed by the compression molding technique using Meliodent (heatcured). Another 15 samples were processed with cold-cured resin Futura Gen via the injection molding technique.
Hardness testing was conducted using a Vickers hardness tester. The Ra test was performed by a profilometer. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and differences were statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

Results
The Vickers hardness numbers (VHN) were 20.8 ± 2.39 for Meliodent and 21.18 ± 1.42 for FuturaGen, which was not significantly different (p > 0.05). The Ra of Meliodent was 0.92 ± 0.23 µm and for FuturaGen it was 0.84 ± 0.37 µm. There were no significant changes in roughness.

Conclusion
The hardness and Ra of Meliodent and FuturaGen were not significantly different. Therefore, we recommend the use of FuturaGen for manufacturing denture base materials.

How to cite this article
Bahrani F, Safari A, Vojdani M, Karampoor G. Comparison of Hardness and Surface Roughness of Two Denture bases Polymerized by Different Methods. World J Dent 2012;3(2):171-175.
Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of a Grander-Modified Adhesive System to Bovine Dentin
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Pucci Cesar Rogério , Huhtala Maria Filomena Rocha Lima , Bresciani Eduardo , Duarte Daniel Gomes , de Paiva Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the Grander technology on the shear bond strength of total-etch adhesive system Single Bond 2 to dentin.

Materials and methods
Forty bovine incisors were used. They were sectioned and the buccal surfaces worn down with abrasive paper. Acid etching was performed, and the specimens were divided into two groups (n = 20): Group G1—Single Bond 2 adhesive system (3M ESPE) under normal conditions; group G2—Single Bond 2 adhesive system modified by physical contact for 48 hours with the flexible unit Grander system. The resin composite was inserted with the aid of a metallic matrix over the prepared area. After the mechanical shear test, data were submitted to the statistical t-test (5%). The t-test showed that the results for G1 and G2 were similar (p > 0.05). The mean values (± SD) were: G1—6.66 (± 2.40); G2—5.26 (± 2.15).

Conclusion
Grander technology did not influence the initial shear bond strength of the Single Bond 2 adhesive system to dentin.

How to cite this article
Duarte DG, de Paiva Gonçalves SE, Barcellos DC, Huhtala MFRL, Bresciani E, Pucci CR. Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of a Grander-Modified Adhesive System to Bovine Dentin. World J Dent 2012;3(2):176-179.