bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creative tourism and emotional labor: an investigatory model of possible interactions
Authors: Salman Duygu , Uygur Duygu 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss whether creative tourists can transform the service encounter in city hotels in a way that can reduce the amount of emotional labor required from service employees and its negative consequences.Design/methodology/approachBased on current definitions of creative tourism, on the literature of culture, culture's relation to emotions and emotional labor, the researchers develop a conceptual spatial model for the city. The model aims to understand how creative tourists can influence the hospitality industry as they move between creative and standardized spaces.FindingsThe spatial model conceptualizes the city as having two divergent spaces for creative tourists. The model suggests that differently constructed characteristics of these spaces interrupt the continuity of the creative tourism experience. Therefore, the possibility of a transitive relationship between these spaces may benefit both creative tourists, by providing unity to their experiences, and service employees, by reducing the amount of organizational control on their emotional displays during service encounters.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper offers a preliminary model. Therefore, empirical research is obligatory to understand whether this proposed spatial model and the related consequences have equivalence in real life situations.Practical implicationsThe model can bring about various practical implications for human resources processes of hotels ranging from selection to training.Originality/valueThe study offers a model proposing a continuity of creative tourist experiences in different spaces. It also constitutes an effort to question the requirement of emotional labor from hospitality employees.
Cultural tourism and creative regeneration: two case studies
Authors: Sepe Marichela , Di Trapani Giovanni 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of the creative city, the factors conditioning creativity in cities and how they stimulate urban innovation and local development. Furthermore, by way of examples, the paper aims to illustrate two emblematic case studies and the main elements which were considered for the sustainable urban regeneration.Design/methodology/approachThe paper gives both a theoretical contribution on the relationship between the creative regeneration and cultural tourism, and empirically illustrates two cases for comparative study. The case studies are explained taking care to present information and figures of interest for the purposes of the work, with useful data to implement project descriptions and draw appropriate conclusions.FindingsThe research found that, in order to achieve the long‐term success of urban and cultural regeneration, the involvement and integration of the local community at all levels throughout the process, and the need to enhance and consolidate place identity, all in respect of economic, social and environmental sustainability, are critical factors.Originality/valueThe theoretical and empirical contribution of the paper is organized so as to emphasize the interdisciplinary relationships between some aspects of creative projects that are considered of particular importance to boost cultural tourism such as: place identity, sustainable development, urban regeneration and involvement of the population.
Assessing Istanbul competitiveness: a multidimensional approach
Authors: Minghetti Valeria , Montaguti Federica 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamic competitive profile of Istanbul and to compare it to ten other European cities by using a multidimensional approach.Design/methodology/approachStarting from a review of existing competitiveness models, the paper develops a methodology that takes into account the complex shifting nature of the network of “mobilities” interacting within and around the destination.FindingsThe proposed approach proves to be effective in designing a dynamic competitive profile of every city and in identifying the factors that drive competitiveness within and between different competitive clusters of cities.Originality/valueThe new approach presents several original elements, since it embeds the evolution of the system of diverse intersecting tourism and non tourism “mobilities” that characterize an urban destination, and integrates different dimensions and disciplinary points of view.
Mixed‐income housing development strategy
Authors: Okechukwu Onatu George 
Published: August 2010

PurposeHigh rates of urbanization have concentrated housing needs in urban areas. This has resulted in a large‐scale housing and service backlog. The rapid growth in housing demand represents a mammoth task for both the present and future housing policy in South Africa. Local government in an effort to address this challenge has placed a high premium on informal settlement formalization and mixed‐income housing development. The rationale behind these two approaches is to address urban poverty, segregation and redevelopment. The purpose of this paper is to appraise mixed‐income housing development with the objective of integration along racial and social grounds and to denounce the negative perception that the poor and rich cannot live side by side, as well as to provide evidence‐based public‐private partnership (PPP) in development.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation will be based on primary and secondary data with great emphasis on the analysis of the findings of Shift, an NGO, in reviewing the success and challenges of mixed‐income housing development. Both published and unpublished literatures were used equally in the study, as well as focus group discussion and interviews with the beneficiaries as well as the principal developers and City of Johannesburg representatives. These findings will be contextualized to Cosmo City in Johannesburg because this happens to be one of the municipalities with a high rate of migration and attendant housing shortage.FindingsIntegration of the poor into the urban system is achievable with effective and efficient PPP. This investigation also finds that the mixed‐income housing development can lead to an inclusive city and bring about change in the paradigm of criminalization of the poor as being not suitable to live side by side with the rich. Poverty and marginalization can be addressed through carefully planned housing typology.Originality/valueFor mixed‐income housing development to be successful and sustainable, this paper shows there is a need for interactive participation of the end user or beneficiaries. Integration along social and racial lines can be achieved through appropriate housing typology. There is a need for inter‐sectoral collaboration and partnership between the public and private sectors in addressing informal settlement challenge and urban poverty in developing countries.
The Ghanaian transaction‐based residential indices
Authors: Anim‐Odame Wilfred K. , Key Tony , Stevenson Simon 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide technically robust indicators of housing market performance from the records held by the Ghana Land Valuation Board, through the construction of the first ever residential price and rent indices for the aggregate and disaggregate markets.Design/methodology/approachThe approach involved time series produced from hedonic models using 3,250 transaction‐based data, running from 1992 to 2007, and documents on movements in capital and rental values in Accra and Tema, the dominant commercial conurbations in the country.FindingsThe paper makes a major contribution to knowledge and understanding of housing market dynamics in Ghana. The results suggest that the derived price and rent indices look, at first sight, reasonably plausible with cyclical trends showing weak and strong patches.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on the development of formal housing markets through a detailed case study of Ghana, and provides findings and models of a wider application in other emerging economies.
Vertical segregation and gender practices. Perspectives of analysis and action
Authors: Poggio Barbara 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reflect on the persistence of vertical segregation in the European labour market, suggesting an interpretation of the phenomenon (and a consequent basis for intervention) based on the concept of gender practice.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is theoretical in nature. It consists of a brief survey of the main explanations proposed in the literature and of the approaches most frequently used to counteract vertical gender segregation. It then focuses on a practice‐based approach.FindingsThe paper describes the opportunities offered by an approach based on an interpretation of gender as practice.Originality/valueThe paper intends to provide the debate on gender and management with insights derived from adoption of an interpretative perspective emergent from both the theoretical point of view and that of managerial action and policy.
Gendered scripts: studying hidden assumptions in business contexts
Authors: Hanappi‐Egger Edeltraud , Kauer Alexandra 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe paper's aim is to make the a priori gender scripts visible in order to discuss their role in decision‐making processes in business contexts.Design/methodology/approachIn order to get access to hidden and unconscious gender scripts, an innovative qualitative method, called mind‐scripting, was applied. Mind‐scripting is a discursive method based on “memory work” and allows for analyzing and deconstructing implicit assumptions in social interactions.FindingsThe selected results show on the one side that people are steadily using their hidden assumptions and scripts to make sense out of specific social situations. On the other side it could be shown that the application of sex‐based stereotypes does not depend on the sex of the person alone, but depends strongly on the gendered construction of the interaction. In the case of bargaining it could be shown that bargaining is (still) a rather masculine construction with respect to manly connoted scripts and schemata.Social implicationsThe paper gives a substantial incentive to change the perspective of bargaining research related to gender issues: instead of simply searching for sex differences or for sex‐based stereotypes it is necessary to have a closer look at the gendered constructions of the according social interactions.Originality/valueThe method of mind‐scripting is used to analyze gender scripts in a bargaining context. Furthermore, the paper is the first which deals with a combination of gendered scripts and schemata and sex‐related stereotypes in this way.
The Comparative Anatomy of the Tongues of the Mammalia.‐III. Family 2. Cercopithecidæ: with notes on the comparative physiology of the tongues and stomachs of the Langurs.
Authors: Sonntag Charles F. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.

The tongues of the Cercopithecidæ do not contain many pigmented forms, and those which are coloured vary in the distribution of the pigment. The tongue of Cercopithecus patas may be yellow or colourless.
The conical and fungiform papillæ, with few exceptions, exhibit the usual type of arrangement. Only in Cercopithecus cethiops was it different.
The vallate papillae form a triangle, V, or double pair, but the pattern is not characteristic in any genus.
The lateral organs appear as rows of sulci and flat laminae, or as rows of oval or rod‐like bodies.
The frenal lamella is entire or bifid, even in different examples of the same species, so it is not of value for purposes of classification.
The glands on the base of the tongue are largest in the Langurs, in which they occupy a large area. They are not very prominent in the Cercopitheques nor in the Macaques; in the former the duct orifices are larger than in the latter. In the Mangabeys and Baboons they form prominent masses with large orifices on the sides of the base of the tongue. These structures are, therefore, of the greatest value in classifying the tongues of the Cercopithecidse.
Plicæ fimbriatæ, lytta, foramen caecum, and Apical Gland of Nuhn or Blandin are absent in the adult tongue. Plicæ fimbriatee may, however, be present in very young tongues.
The Comparative Anatomy of the Tongues of the Mammalia.—VII. Cetaeea, Sirenia, and Ungulata.
Authors: Sonntag Charles F. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.
The tongues of the Cetacea have their glandular organs better developed, but their gustatory and mobile functions are less, than in other Mammalia.
The tongues of the Mystacoceti agree with those of the Odontoceti as follows:—1. Filiform papillæ are scanty or absent. 2. The mucosa is more or less corrugated. 3. There is no trace of foramen cecum, Iptta, frenal lamella, lateral organs, and apical gland of Nuhn.
The tongues of the Mystacoceti and Odontoceti differ in the following points:—
Lecturer inHygiene, University of Bristol.
Authors: COTT HUGH B. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. Ocypoda ceratophthalma belongs to the biological group of animals which, burrow for safety, but which must expose themselves above ground for feeding purposes. At these times the crabs are subject to attacks of predatory enemies. Such conditions place a premium upon speed, invisibility, and alertness. The high attainment of the first is as remarkable in these forms as is their fossorial activity on the one hand, and their extreme mental alertness and intelligence on the other. Correlated with this mode of life is the cryptic colouring, which is of protective value by day, and the nocturnal habit, which affords a measure of protection and invisibility by night. It is noteworthy that in many respects the Racing‐Crab occupies among the Brachyura a biological position analogous to that held by the rabbit among the Rodentia.
Analysis of the Relative Growth of the Pacific Edible Crab, Cancer magister.
Authors: Weymouth Frank W. , Mackay Donald C. G. 
Published: August 2010

Summary
An analysis by the method of Huxley of approximately 4000 measurements made on about 1800 individuals of Cancer magister from the Pacific coast of North America is here presented.
Slight heterogony has been found in the growth of the majority of its parts. In all aspects of relative growth it is extremely conservative.
Changes in form indicate that sexual maturity in the female occurs at a carapace width of about 10 cm. This is confirmed by the size of ovigerous females and by observations of the development of the ovary.
The sudden change in the length‐width proportions indicates that sexual maturity is usually attained by a single moult.
The size at which male crabs become mature could not be inferred with certainty from the present data.
After sexual maturity has been attained the legs of male crabs grow more rapidly than the body and the legs of females continue to grow less rapidly than the body. As a consequence the legs of mature males are longer than those of mature females of corresponding carapace width.
A change in the ratio of length to width of the sixth abdominal segment of females has been noted at a carapace width of 7 cm. No other change is known to occur at this size. It is possible that this is a precocious change associated with the approaching sexual maturity.
Crabs from south‐eastern Alaska, both male and female, were found to be a little shorter in proportion to their width than the corresponding Boundary Bay crabs.
It has been pointed out that most organisms display some heterogony and that bizarre forms must exhibit it to a greater degree than more conservative forms.
It has further been pointed out that a strong negative correlation seems to exist between the degree of heterogony and the maximum size of a species. Unfortunately no data justifying speculation upon the causal relationships are available.
Cancer magister in all aspects of relative growth displays great conservatism; no high values for k were found for this large and abundant species.
25. The Duration and Phases of the Menstrual Cycle in Primates
Authors: Zuckerman S. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.Data regarding the menstrual cycle of various Primates are summarized in Table II.In animals which undergo a sexual‐skin cycle the phase of swelling (folli‐cular phase) is generally longer and more variable than the phase of quiescence (luteal phase). This finding is related to the well‐established view that the luteal phase in the human menstrual cycle is generally less variable than the pre‐ovulation phase.Various issues concerning the sexual skin, including the sexual coloration of some male monkeys, are considered.
Venous Valves in the Giraffe, Okapi, Camel and Ostrich.
Authors: Amoroso E. C. , Edholm O. G. , Rewell R. E. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.The jugular and the limb veins of the Giraffe, Okapi, Camel and Ostrich have been examined. Certain arrangements of valve cusps at the orifices of the larger tributaries of these veins have been found in the Giraffe, Okapi and Camel, the cusps being arranged in various ways one above the other along the axis of the main vessel.The term Bicuspid or Tricuspid SERIED Valves is suggested to describe these.Experiments have shown that these valves are efficient in preventing backflow of blood into the tributaries when a sudden rise of pressure occurs in the main vein, unless the pressure in both is very low to start with. Once closed, the valves will withstand high pressures, even with negative pressure in the tributary.Seried Valves are not found at the mouths of small tributaries. Thus they are absent from the jugular vein of the Giraffe which receives only small vessels.
Observations on some physiological variations in frogs and toads, with special reference to the gastric mucosa.
Authors: BRADFORD NORAH M. , CRANE E. E. , DAVIES R. E. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.

Methods are described for the maintenance of captive frogs and toads in a normal healthy condition in an outdoor froggery, and for feeding them. Toads were kept in a prime condition much more easily than frogs.
Dimensions and structural details are given of a convenient travelling box for these amphibia.
Many more males than females were captured: 73 per cent. of the frogs and 84 per cent. of the toads used for experiments were male.
Seasonal and sexual variations of the body weight and of the dry and wet weights of gastric mucosae, and their relations, are described. While the body weights of male and female frogs were highest just before and after hibernation, the gastric mucosae weight was highest in early summer.
Results are given for the rate of respiration and the rate of hydrochloric‐acid secretion by isolated frog and toad gastric mucosa and of their variations. The average rates of respiration and of acid secretion of isolated frog gastric mucosae were lowest in winter. The percentage of these mucosae which secreted acid was greatest in spring and autumn. The average rate of respiration of isolated toad gastric mucosae was about the same as that of isolated frog gastric mucosae, but the average rate of acid secretion was nearly twice as great.
The incidence is given of stomach nodules, parasitic infections of the stomach and gastric ulcers, for both male and female frogs and toads.
The development of the mesonephros of the sheep
Authors: Davies J. , Davies D. V. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.The development and degeneration of the mesonephros of the sheep is described with particular reference to the curious glomerular structure occupying the cranial one‐third of the organ and here referred to as the giant glomerulus.The giant glomerulus and in particular the cranial two tubules draining it on either side provide useful landmarks whereby corresponding regions may be compared at different ages. An attempt is made to analyse the factors which determine the form and relations of the definitive glomeruli and tubules. These factors include the early relations of the somitic stalks and nephrogenic cord, the precocity of growth and vascularization of the preglomerular tissue and the degree of overcrowding and overlapping of the tubule primordia.The cellular activities of the mesonephric tubules are described and discussed and the view is upheld that these are of a peculiar secretory nature.The processes occurring in degeneration are outlined and the absence of the massive cranial degeneration described by Felix in man is commented upon.
The wing‐venation of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana Linn. (Insecta: Blattidae).
Authors: SMART JOHN 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY.Differences are shown to exist in the interpretation of the venation of the wings of Periplaneta americana presented by a number of recent authors.The venation of the wings is re‐examined along with the tracheal system of the nymphal wing‐pads. The two are compared.An interpretation of the venation of tegmen and hind‐wing is presented which is in agreement with the basic postulates of the Comstock‐Needham system of vein‐nomenclature. Snodgrass's (1935) terminology for the veins is applied.
The longevity and fertility of the Orkney vole, Microtus orcadensis, as observed in the laboratory.
Authors: Leslie P. H. , Tener J. S. , Vizoso Monica , Chitty Helen 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY.

An analysis has been made of some data relating to the longevity and fertility of the Orkney vole, M. orcadensis, as observed in the laboratory.
The probability of surviving the first three weeks of life, based on a total of 1,358 live‐born young, of which 1,250 were still alive at weaning, was 0·9205.
A total of 131 young of both sexes was observed between the ages of three and nine weeks, and of these 117 were alive at six weeks, and 114 at nine weeks of age. Combining the information for infant and juvenile mortality, some 20 per cent of live‐born young, taking both sexes together, died before reaching the age of nine weeks.
The adult expectation of further life at the age of nine weeks, based on the life‐histories of sixty male and sixty female voles, was for males, 90·3±2·95 weeks, and for females, 97·3 ±4·34 weeks. Taking both sexes together, the average expectation of life at birth was about 1·6 years.
. A total of 508 litters, consisting of 1,358 live young, waa recorded, giving a mean number of 2·67 young per litter. The largest number observed in any one litter was eight young. The mean number of young per litter, however, varied according to the age of the mother.
The observed span of reproductive life for females lay between the ages of nine and 123 weeks. A female, if she lived throughout this span, might be expected on the average to give birth to a total of 12·9 littens, consisting of 17·0 daughters, if an equal sex‐ratio at birth is assumed.
. The relation of fertility to the age of the mother was similar to that observed in other mammalian and some insect species, namely an initial risc to a peak, followed by a gradual fall as the age of the mother increased.
The intrinsic rate of increase of a population subject to the observed life table and age‐specific fertility rates, was estimated to be, r=0·072 per head of population per week. A population increasing at this rate would double in numbers in 9·6 weeks.
The longevity and intrinsic rate of increase of the Orkneg vole is compared with that of the mainland vole, M. agrestis. Judging from the available evidence, it appears that in the laboratory the Orkney vole is a longer lived animal, and its intrinsic rate of increase is less than that of agreatis. This difference is due mainly to the fact that the Orkney vole has fewer young per litter, and because the females reach their peak of productivity at a more advanced age.
The expenses of this investigation were partly paid for hy a grant froin the Agricultural Research Council.