bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
French Sexual Politics from Human Rights to the Anthropological Function of the Law
Authors: Robcis Camille 
Published: January 2010

Since the 1980s, amid debates around assisted reproductive technologies, nontraditional families, same-sex parenting, filiation, and transsexuality, French judges and legislators have referred to the “anthropological” or “symbolic” function of the law. This idea was originally developed by a group of legal scholars, influenced by structuralist anthropology and psychoanalysis, who posited the primary purpose of the law as the proper integration of individuals into a “symbolic order” defined by a normative construction of heterosexuality. Civil law, they argued, upheld the social world and guaranteed psychic cohesion. This essay offers a historical hypothesis to account for why this rhetoric emerged in the context of these discussions around sexual politics. It argues that legal scholars began to invoke the “anthropological function of the law” in response to individuals who relied on the discourse of human rights to make a series of demands in the fields of gender, sexuality, and reproduction.
Depuis les années 1980, lors des débats autour de la procréation médicalement assistée, des familles recomposées, de l'homoparentalité, de la filiation et de la transsexualité, plusieurs législateurs et magistrats français ont invoqué la fonction « anthropologique » ou « symbolique » du droit. Selon cette idée, formulée à l'origine par un groupe de juristes influencés par l'anthropologie et la psychanalyse structuraliste, le rôle principal du droit est d'assurer l'intégration des individus dans un « ordre symbolique » défini autour d'une construction normative de l'hétérosexualité. Le droit civil maintiendrait ainsi à la fois la cohérence du social et du psychique. Cet article propose une hypothèse historique pour expliquer l'émergence de cette rhétorique en France, dans le contexte de ces discussions autour des politiques de la sexualité. Sa thèse centrale est que « l'anthropologie dogmatique » a été érigée en rempart contre ceux qui se sont appuyés sur le discours des droits de l'homme dans le but d'acquérir divers droits dans les domaines du genre, de la sexualité et de la reproduction.
From Marvelous Antidote to the Poison of Idolatry: The Transatlantic Role of Andean Bezoar Stones During the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries
Authors: Stephenson Marcia 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Introducing intertwined themes of profit, the hunt for treasure, and the excavation of camelid bodies; and drawing from the analysis of Renaissance medical books, bilingual Aymara–Spanish and Quechua–Spanish dictionaries, inquisition records, and inventories of curiosity cabinets, this essay considers how Peruvian bezoar stones acquired transatlantic importance following their discovery in 1568 by a Spanish soldier. In spite of its less-than-glamorous physiological genesis as a calcinated concretion formed in the digestive tract of ruminants, including the four species of Andean camelids, the bezoar stone played a significant yet academically overlooked role in the social and economic history of modern Europe and Spanish America for its use as an antidote to poisons, and the stones constituted one of the most sought-after objects for the fashionable cabinets of curiosities belonging to Europe’s powerful elites. However, for indigenous pastoral peoples, bezoars were central to the reproduction of native cultural practices and directly linked to the foundational myths of Andean cosmology. The stones were believed to protect the herds and the shepherds, for whom the camelids represented the primary source of wealth. Consequently, the bezoar stone takes on unforeseen significance as a neglected site where the colonial drama of competing epistemologies was enacted.
Undressing the Coya and Dressing the Indian Woman: Market Economy, Clothing, and Identities in the Colonial Andes, La Plata (Charcas), Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries
Authors: Presta Ana María 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This essay addresses the specific indigenous identity of Indian women resettled in colonial La Plata, particularly those associated with mercantile trades and consequently involved in the creation of colonial markets. The search for Indian women’s urban identities rests upon the material culture associated with labor activities and social standing among those recently settled in the Spanish urban milieu. Objects and places, goods and spaces can be manipulated, reappropriated, and reinterpreted by new social actors on their road to history. Things have meaning and are bound to culture and identity. In this way, indigenous women’s dress and adornment are associated with the dramatic changes brought about by the new mercantile economy introduced by the Spaniards. Indian women who resettled in the city and gained economic success pursuing mercantile trades adopted distinctive components of female dress. These styles evoked both the recent Inca past and certain elements of Spanish attire and adornment that forged a specific identity associated with a specific trade, asserting a newly acquired status in the emerging colonial society
Disentangling the Impact of Multiple Innovations to Reduce Delayed Hospital Discharges
Authors: Manzano-Santaella Ana 
Published: January 2010

Delayed hospital discharges are often blamed for interrupting the smooth operation of hospitals. In England, the Community Care Act in 2003 introduced fines to social services departments to resolve this issue. Evaluations of this policy reported success in the reduction of delays. However, this policy was an amalgam of several innovations, not just the introduction of fines. This simultaneity makes attribution of impact of fines a difficult task because of the potential impact of those other measures. All the other designed organizational changes contain as much mechanisms of change as the more advertised fines. The exploration of how all these elements are connected unravels the inner workings of the programme as a whole, and by default, of the fines. This theoretical analysis also demonstrates how the reduction of some delays is based on the re-definition of key concepts for delayed discharges such as ‘safe to transfer’, team decisionmaking and causes for delays.
Rückkehrer in die DDR. Das Beispiel des Bezirks Suhl 1961 bis 1972
Authors: Neumeier Gerhard 
Published: January 2010

Vorspann
Die sogenannten „Rückkehrer“ bildeten ein weitgehend unbekanntes, aber nichtsdestotrotz aufschlussreiches Kapitel in den deutsch-deutschen Beziehungen nach 1961. Wie kam es, dass Menschen, die unter hohem persönlichen Risiko aus der DDR geflohen waren, dorthin wieder freiwillig zurückkehrten? Und welche Rückschlüsse ergeben sich daraus für die beiden deutschen Staaten? War die Flucht in den Westen nicht immer eine Verbesserung? Mit Hilfe der Verhörprotokolle des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit lässt sich nun ein genaueres Bild dieser „Wanderer zwischen den Welten“ zeichnen.
Ein deutscher Tory zwischen Kaiserreich und Weimarer Republik. Der Nachlass Clemens von Delbrücks (1856-1921)
Authors: Steinbach Matthias , Dathe Uwe 
Published: January 2010

Vorspann
Die Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena kann eine kleine Sensation melden: In ihren Beständen fand sich vor kurzem der umfangreiche Nachlass von Clemens von Delbrück, der zu den einflussreichsten Persönlichkeiten des späten Kaiserreichs und der frühen Weimarer Republik zu zählen ist. Die beiden Autoren, Matthias Steinbach und Uwe Dathe, die den Nachlass in einem ambitionierten Projekt erschließen, stellen die schriftliche Hinterlassenschaft Delbrücks vor und weisen dabei auch der künftigen Forschung neue Wege.
Ruth D. Whitehouse
Authors: Pearce Mark , Hamilton Sue , Brown Keri 
Published: January 2010

Introducing Ruth
It is traditional for honorary volumes to offer a summary of the career and the academic works of the person celebrated on the occasion of their retirement. This article is self-evidently placed in the current issue of the Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology with that function, but it concerns a person who, although retiring as Professor in Mediterranean Studies, is clearly not at the end of her academic career: she has research projects currently in progress, with writing-up and publication timetables in place, and new roles from autumn 2007 as editor of the University College London Institute of Archaeology’s flagship publication Archaeology International and chair of the UCL Institute of Archaeology’s Publications Committee. At the same time she has concurrent plans to devote more time to working on the publishing side of the Accordia Research Institute, which she directs with John Wilkins. Ruth Whitehouse would not particularly warm to a valedictory resumé of her academic career to date, and so we offer the following in the spirit of characterizing the career of a successful female academic who is the first and only female professor of the UCL Institute of Archaeology, who has worked within and significantly contributed to the successive strands of archaeological theory and practice that have come to the fore through her academic career, and who remarkably achieved this while remaining a fully rounded person who has enabled the academic development of many, and who has also maintained a total commitment to her thriving family throughout. We would also add that it is impossible not to like Ruth, although she certainly is not a ‘soft touch’—being very much prepared to stand sturdily by her human, political and academic convictions.
Increased CYP2J3 Expression Reduces Insulin Resistance in Fructose-Treated Rats and db/db Mice
Authors: Xu Xizhen , Zhao Chun Xia , Wang Luyun , Tu Ling , Fang Xiaosai , Zheng Changlong , Edin Matthew L. , Zeldin Darryl C. , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Accumulating evidence suggests that cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which play crucial and diverse roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. The anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and pro-proliferative effects of EETs suggest a possible beneficial role for EETs on insulin resistance and diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study investigated the effects of CYP2J3 epoxygenase gene therapy on insulin resistance and blood pressure in diabetic db/db mice and in a model of fructose-induced hypertension and insulin resistance in rats.

RESULTS
CYP2J3 gene delivery in vivo increased EET generation, reduced blood pressure, and reversed insulin resistance as determined by plasma glucose levels, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index, and glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, CYP2J3 treatment prevented fructose-induced decreases in insulin receptor signaling and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPKs) in liver, muscle, heart, kidney, and aorta. Thus, overexpression of CYP2J3 protected against diabetes and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues through activation of insulin receptor and AMPK pathways.

CONCLUSIONS
These results highlight the beneficial roles of the CYP epoxygenase-EET system in diabetes and insulin resistance.
Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Blockade Ameliorates Albuminuria in Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Barutta Federica , Corbelli Alessandro , Mastrocola Raffaella , Gambino Roberto , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Pinach Silvia , Rastaldi Maria Pia , Perin Paolo Cavallo , Gruden Gabriella 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is localized in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues involved in energy metabolism control. However, CB1 receptors are also expressed at low level within the glomeruli, and the aim of this study was to investigate their potential relevance in the pathogenesis of proteinuria in experimental type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were treated with N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251), a selective CB1-receptor antagonist, at the dosage of 1 mg · kg−1 · day−1 via intraperitoneal injection for 14 weeks. Urinary albumin excretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CB1 receptor expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real-time PCR. Expression of nephrin, podocin, synaptopodin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was assessed by immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. Fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA levels were quantitated by real-time PCR.

RESULTS
In diabetic mice, the CB1 receptor was overexpressed within the glomeruli, predominantly by glomerular podocytes. Blockade of the CB1 receptor did not affect body weight, blood glucose, and blood pressure levels in either diabetic or control mice. Albuminuria was increased in diabetic mice compared with control animals and was significantly ameliorated by treatment with AM251. Furthermore, CB1 blockade completely prevented diabetes-induced downregulation of nephrin, podocin, and ZO-1. By contrast overexpression of fibronectin, TGF-β1, and CTGF in renal cortex of diabetic mice was unaltered by AM251 administration.

CONCLUSIONS
In experimental type 1 diabetes, the CB1 receptor is overexpressed by glomerular podocytes, and blockade of the CB1 receptor ameliorates albuminuria possibly via prevention of nephrin, podocin, and ZO-1 loss.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Suppresses Lipolysis, Stimulates Lipogenesis, and Promotes Fat Storage
Authors: Chakrabarti Partha , English Taylor , Shi Jun , Smas Cynthia M. , Kandror Konstantin V. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
In metazoans, target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) plays the key role in nutrient- and hormone-dependent control of metabolism. However, the role of TORC1 in regulation of triglyceride storage and metabolism remains largely unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this study, we analyzed the effect of activation and inhibition of the mammalian TORC1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway on the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), lipolysis, lipogenesis, and lipid storage in different mammalian cells.

RESULTS
Activation of mTORC1 signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by ectopic expression of Rheb inhibits expression of ATGL and HSL at the level of transcription, suppresses lipolysis, increases de novo lipogenesis, and promotes intracellular accumulation of triglycerides. Inhibition of mTORC1 signaling by rapamycin or by knockdown of raptor stimulates lipolysis primarily via activation of ATGL expression. Analogous results have been obtained in C2C12 myoblasts and mouse embryonic fibroblasts with genetic ablation of tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) gene. Overexpression of ATGL in these cells antagonized the lipogenic effect of TSC2 knockout.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrate that mTORC1 promotes fat storage in mammalian cells by suppression of lipolysis and stimulation of de novo lipogenesis.
Urine Ochratoxin A and Sphinganine/Sphingosine Ratio in Residents of the Endemic Nephropathy Area in Croatia
Authors: Domijan Ana-Marija , Peraica Maja , Markov Ksenija , Fuchs Radovan 
Published: January 2010

Urine Ochratoxin A and Sphinganine/Sphingosine Ratio in Residents of the Endemic Nephropathy Area in CroatiaThe most plausible theory of the aetiology of endemic nephropathy links it with exposure to nephrotoxic mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA). In this study, the concentration of OTA and sphinganine/sphingosine (Sa/So) ratio, the biomarker of another nephrotoxic mycotoxin fumonisin B1 exposure, were analysed in 45 human urine samples collected in the endemic village of Kaniža in Croatia and in 18 samples from control village. Samples were collected twice from the same persons in 2000 and 2005. In both years the frequency of OTA-positive samples was higher in Kaniža (43 % and 18 %, respectively) than in the control village (28 % and 6 %, respectively). OTA concentrations in samples collected in Kaniža were higher in 2000 than in 2005 (p<0.005). Although in both years Sa/So ratio was higher in Kaniža, the difference from the control group was not statistically significant. No control sample contained OTA and had the Sa/So ratio >1 at the same time, while in Kaniža four such samples were collected in 2000 and one in 2005.
Co-occurrence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone in Cereals and Feed, Determined by Competitive Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Klarić Maja , Cvetnić Zdenka , Pepeljnjak Stjepan , Kosalec Ivan 
Published: January 2010

Co-occurrence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone in Cereals and Feed, Determined by Competitive Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Thin-Layer ChromatographyAspergillus, Penicillium, andFusariumspecies frequently contaminate crops. For this reason mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEA) are found in food and feed in a wide range of concentrations, depending on environmental and storage conditions. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed has been associated with acute and chronic poisoning and carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and co-occurrence of AFs (B1+B2+G1+G2), OTA, FBs (B1+B2+B3), and ZEA in 37 samples of cereals and feed randomly collected in 2007 from households of an endemic nephropathy (EN) area in Croatia. The mycotoxins were determined using the competitive direct ELISA test (CD-ELISA) in combination with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The most frequent mycotoxin was ZEA (92%, mean 318.3 μg kg-1), followed by FBs (27%, 3690 μg kg-1), AFs (24.3%, 4.6 μg kg-1), and OTA (16.2%, 9.8 μg kg-1). Levels of AFs, ZEA, and FBs detected by CD-ELISA significantly correlated with the TLC results. However, only one OTA-positive sample was confirmed by TLC due to its high limit of detection. The levels of these mycotoxins were below the permissible limit for animal feed. Twenty-nine percent of cereals were contaminated with FBs, OTA, or ZEA in mass fractions above the permissible limit for humans. Co-occurrence of two toxins varied between 4.2% and 54% and of three between 4.2% and 7.6%. Prolonged co-exposure to AFs, OTA, FBs, and ZEA might increase the risk of various chronic diseases.
Salt effect on the enthalpy of mixing of 2-propanol + acetic acid at 303.15 K
Authors: Tamilarasan R. , Baffna Sunil , Anand-Prabu A. , Dharmendira-Kumar M. 
Published: January 2010

Salt effect on the enthalpy of mixing of 2-propanol + acetic acid at 303.15 K
This paper presents the effect of two dissolved inorganic salts (zinc chloride, ZnCl2 and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl) on the enthalpy of mixing (H
E) of 2-propanol + acetic acid binary system measured at 303.15 K using an isothermal displacement calorimeter with vapour space. A decreasing trend in the excess enthalpy of mixing values in the presence of ZnCl2 and NH4Cl indicate the endothermic behavior of this system. The Redlich-Kister equation has been used to fit the experimental H
E data. The deviations from the ideal value and binary parameters were calculated and reported.
Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants
Authors: Parus Wiesław , Paterkowski Wojciech 
Published: January 2010

Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants
The paper presents the results of the measurements of the catalytic activity of V2O5/TiO2 and MoO3/TiO2 catalysts (8,10,12 and 15 wt % of V2O5 or MoO3 on TiO2 - anatase, respectively), prepared in our laboratory, in the complete oxidation (combustion) process of chosen volatile organic pollutants of the air such as methanol and n-butyl acetate. The activity of these catalysts was compared with the activity of industrial catalysts: supported platinum - Pt-p (0.15 wt % of Pt on γ-Al2O3) and MCA (15 wt % of CuO and 6 wt % of ZnO on γ-Al2O3). The investigations were carried out in the kinetic region (powder of the catalysts with the diameter in the range of 1.02-1.2·10-4 m) and for the chosen catalysts also in the diffusion region (the grains of the catalysts having the diameter of 2.5·10-3 m). On the basis of the obtained results the analysis of the process was performed.
It has been stated that reaction rate is well-described by the first order equation in relation to the methanol or n-butyl acetate concentration. On the basis of the obtained results in the kinetic region for all the applied catalysts the parameters of Arrhenius equation were determinated.
The comparison of the results for the kinetic region with the results for the diffusion region for the chosen catalysts allowed the calculation of the effective coefficients of diffusion. The parameters of Arrhenius equations as well as the effective coefficients of diffusion show a good correlation with the values obtained for the catalytic combustion of other organic pollutants of the air.
The measurements were carried out using a flow tubular reactor. The flow rate of the reaction mixture was kept constant 20 dm3/h (5.56·10-6 m3/s) in each test, using the space velocity of 20 s-1. It has been stated that the use of the applied catalysts led to the almost total oxidative destruction of both pollutants. Only H2O and CO2 were found as the final products of the reaction. The complete oxidation of the methanol process runs at the lower temperature than that of the complete oxidation process of n-butyl acetate. The most active at the combustion of methanol was the Pt-p catalyst. It demonstrates a comparable activity to molybdenum - titanium catalysts and the slightly lower activity than vanadium - titanium catalysts in the combustion of the n- butyl acetate process. The MCA catalyst was less active than the others in the oxidation of both compounds. The structures of the catalysts were tested using the X -ray analysis (XRD), infrared spectroscopy and scanning microscopy (SEM).
The results of the investigations show that V2O5/TiO2 and MoO3/TiO2 catalysts, especially the most active of them the 8% V2O5/TiO2 catalyst can be used in industrial systems for the purification of the air and industrial waste gases with VOCs, replacing the more expensive noble metals supported catalysts.
Topical and prospective processes of acetoxylation
Authors: Lewandowski Grzegorz , Bartkowiak Marcin , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: January 2010

Topical and prospective processes of acetoxylation
The latest acetoxylation processes have been described in this work: oxidative acetoxylation of propene to allyl acetate, acetoxylation of propene to propene glycol and its acetates, acetoxylation of methyl tert-butyl ether and oxidative acetoxylation of cyclohexene by hydrogen peroxide. Acetoxylation of 1,3-butadiene, isobutene and toluene were presented together with a short description of the acetoxylation catalysts.
Mixing system for highly concentrated fine-grained suspensions
Authors: Moravec Jiří , Jirout Tomáš , Rieger František , Krátký Lukáš 
Published: January 2010

Mixing system for highly concentrated fine-grained suspensions
The mixing equipment for highly concentrated fine-grained suspensions must be designed differently from the equipment in which a suspension with a low concentration of the solid phase or bigger particles is mixed. It is due to the different rheological properties of the suspensions. In this work we are trying to find a suitable mixing system for a highly concentrated fine-grained suspension. The aim was to determine an effect of particular geometrical parameters of the tested mixing systems on a suspension process, especially from the energetic viewpoint. The energetic costs of all the used mixing systems were compared on the basis of the power consumption which was necessary for reaching the state of sufficient suspension movement in the whole mixed bulk. As a result, it was confirmed that multistage impellers can be used even in standard vessels (with a liquid level height equal to a vessel diameter) with a profit. During experiments, the state of sufficient movement was determined by a visual observation of the suspension at the vessel bottom, at the wall and also at the suspension level.