bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention‐deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Prebariatric Surgery Sample
Authors: Gruss Barbara , Mueller Astrid , Horbach Thomas , Martin Alexandra , de Zwaan Martina 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests that obese children, adolescents and adults frequently suffer from attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of adult ADHD in a group of patients with grade 3 obesity (body mass index ≥40 kg/m2) prior to bariatric surgery.MethodWe assessed 116 patients for childhood and adult ADHD, co‐occurring psychiatric disorders, severity of depression and daytime sleepiness.ResultsFourteen participants (12.1%) screened positive for adult ADHD. Even though this rate is higher compared with prevalence rates in representative population samples, it was not elevated compared with a group of morbidly obese individuals in a German general population sample (14.3%). Adult ADHD was associated with greater severity of depressive symptoms and more psychotherapy contact in the past but not with binge eating disorder or daytime sleepiness.ConclusionAs ADHD appears to be a common condition in morbidly obese individuals, the impact of adult ADHD on postsurgical weight loss needs to be examined. Besides, the causal link between obesity and ADHD in adults should be further investigated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Effects of an Internet‐based Prevention Programme for Eating Disorders in the USA and Germany — A Meta‐analytic Review
Authors: Beintner Ina , Jacobi Corinna , Taylor Craig Barr 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA cross‐cultural comparison of a cognitive–behavioural, Internet‐based, 8‐week prevention programme for eating disorders (StudentBodies™) evaluated in the USA and in Germany was performed. Six US and four German randomized controlled trials with a total (N) of 990 female high school and college students were included in the review. Two of the US and two of the German trials explicitly addressed high risk samples in a selective prevention approach. Effect sizes for main outcomes (disordered eating, weight and shape concerns) were calculated at postintervention and at follow‐up. The intervention was associated with moderate improvements in eating disorder‐related attitudes, especially reductions of negative body image and the desire to be thin. The reported effects remained significant at follow‐up. No clear differences between US and German samples could be found on any of the outcome measures at postintervention. In conclusion, StudentBodies™ seems equally suitable and effective for American and German students. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Impact of biodegradation on the potential bioaccumulation and toxicity of refinery effluents
Authors: Leonards Pim E.G , Postma Jaap F , Comber Mike , Whale Graham , Stalter George 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Whole effluent assessments (WEA) are being investigated as potential tools for controlling aqueous industrial discharges and minimizing environmental impact. The present study investigated how toxicity and the presence of potentially bioaccumulative substances altered when refinery effluents were subjected to biodegradation tests. Three petrochemical effluents were assessed, two freshwater and one saline, and subjected to two different types of biodegradation tests, resembling either a ready style (dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-die away) or an inherent style (Zahn-Wellens) test and the toxicity and potential to bioaccumulate parameters were re-analysed during and after biodegradation. A high proportion of the potentially bioaccumulative substances (PBS) in these effluents was easily biodegradable. Biodegradation not only lowered the PBS concentration but also toxicity. Appropriate controls are required however, as some increases in toxicity were observed after 4 h. In the present study, six other petrochemical effluents were also assessed for their PBS content and toxicity to increase the understanding of the relationship between PBS and toxicity. The results showed that the PBS concentrations in these samples were lower than the estimated benchmarks of acute toxicity for algae, fish and crustacean, although two samples were above the critical PBS values for chronic narcotic toxicity for Daphnia magna, which support the assumption that narcotic effects are mainly responsible for the observed toxicity in refinery effluents. It can be concluded that for facilities processing petroleum products that the measurement of PBS is a suitable surrogate for toxicity tests at the screening stage. Finally, the combination of persistency, bioaccumulation, and toxicity tests was shown to have additional value compared to an approach using only toxicity tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2175–2183. © 2011 SETAC
Application of an acute biotic ligand model to predict chronic copper toxicity to Daphnia magna in natural waters of Chile and reconstituted synthetic waters
Authors: Villavicencio German , Urrestarazu Paola , Arbildua Jose , Rodriguez Patricio H 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the predictive capacity of the acute Cu biotic ligand model (BLM) as applied to chronic Cu toxicity to Daphnia magna in freshwaters from Chile and synthetic laboratory-prepared waters. Samples from 20 freshwater bodies were taken, chemically characterized, and used in the acute Cu BLM to predict the 21-d chronic Cu toxicity for D. magna. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values, determined using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 21-d reproduction test (OECD Method 211), were compared with the BLM simulated EC50 values. The same EC50 comparison was performed with the results of 19 chronic tests in synthetic media, with a wide range of hardness and alkalinity and a fixed 2 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. The acute BLM was modified only by adjustment of the accumulation associated with 50% of an effect value (EA50). The modified BLM model was able to predict, within a factor of two, 95% of the 21-d EC50 and 89% of the 21-d half-maximal lethal concentrations (LC50) in natural waters, and 100% of the 21-d EC50 and 21-d LC50 in synthetic waters. The regulatory implications of using a slightly modified version of an acute BLM to predict chronic effects are discussed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2319–2325. © 2011 SETAC
Soils and late‐Quaternary landscape evolution in the Cottonwood River basin, east‐central Kansas: Implications for archaeological research
Authors: Beeton Jared M. , Mandel Rolfe D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTemporal and spatial patterns of landscape evolution strongly influence the temporal and spatial patterns of the archaeological record in drainage systems. In this geoarchaeological investigation we took a basin‐wide approach in assessing the soil stratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and geochronology of alluvial deposits and associated buried soils in the Cottonwood River basin of east‐central Kansas. Patterns of landscape evolution emerge when stratigraphic sequences and radiocarbon chronologies are compared by stream size and landform type. In the valleys of high‐order streams (≥4th order) the Younger Dryas Chronozone (ca. 11,000–10,000 14C yr B.P.) was characterized by slow aggradation accompanied by pedogenesis, resulting in the development of organic‐rich cumulic soils. Between ca. 10,000 and 4900 14C yr B.P., aggradation punctuated by soil formation was the dominant process in those valleys. Alluvial fans formed on the margins of high‐order stream valleys during the early and middle Holocene (ca. 9000–5000 14C yr B.P.) and continued to develop slowly until ca. 3000–2000 14C yr B.P. The late‐Holocene record of high‐order streams is characterized by episodes of entrenchment, rapid aggradation, and slow aggradation punctuated by soil development. By contrast, the early and middle Holocene (ca. 10,000–5000 14C yr B.P.) was a period of net erosion in the valleys of low‐order streams. However, during the late Holocene small valleys became zones of net sediment storage. Consideration of the effects of these patterns of landscape evolution on the archaeological record is crucial for accurately interpreting that record and searching for buried archaeological deposits dating to specific cultural periods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulating and predicting river discharge time series using a wavelet‐neural network hybrid modelling approach
Authors: Wei Shouke , Song Jinxi , Khan Nasreen Islam 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAccurate simulation and prediction of the dynamic behaviour of a river discharge over any time interval is essential for good watershed management. It is difficult to capture the high‐frequency characteristics of a river discharge using traditional time series linear and nonlinear model approaches. Therefore, this study developed a wavelet‐neural network (WNN) hybrid modelling approach for the predication of river discharge using monthly time series data. A discrete wavelet multiresolution method was employed to decompose the time series data of river discharge into sub‐series with low (approximation) and high (details) frequency, and these sub‐series were then used as input data for the artificial neural network (ANN). WNN models with different wavelet decomposition levels were employed to predict river discharge 48 months ahead of time. Comparison of results from the WNN models with those of the ANN models alone indicated that WNN models performed a more accurate prediction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Including ecotoxic impacts on warm-blooded predators in life cycle impact assessment
Authors: Golsteijn Laura , van Zelm Rosalie , Veltman Karin , Musters Gijs , Hendriks A Jan , Huijbregts Mark AJ 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In current life cycle impact assessment, the focus of ecotoxicity is on cold-blooded species. We developed a method to calculate characterization factors (CFs) for the impact assessment of chemical emissions on warm-blooded predators in freshwater food chains. The method was applied to 329 organic chemicals. The CF for these predators was defined as a multiplication of the fate factor (FF), exposure factor (XF), bioaccumulation factor (BF), and effect factor (EF). Fate factors and XFs were calculated with the model USES-LCA 2.0. Bioaccumulation factors were calculated with the model OMEGA, for chemical uptake via freshwater, food, and air. Effect factors were calculated based on experimental, median lethal doses (LD50). The concentration buildup (CB) of the chemicals (i.e., FF, XF, and BF over the 3 routes of exposure) showed a range of 7 to 9 orders of magnitude, depending on the emission compartment. Effect factors displayed a range of 7 orders of magnitude. Characterization factors ranged 9 orders of magnitude. After emissions to freshwater, the relative contribution of the uptake routes to CB were 1% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 0%–2%) for uptake from air, 43% (11%–50%) for uptake from water, and 56% (50%–87%) for uptake from food. After an emission to agricultural soil, the contribution was 11% (0%–80%) for uptake from air, 39% (5%–50%) for uptake from water, and 50% (11%–83%) for uptake from food. Uptake from air was mainly relevant for emissions to air (on average 42%, 90% CI: 5%–98%). Characterization factors for cold-blooded species were typically 4 orders of magnitude higher than CFs for warm-blooded predators. The correlation between both types of CFs was low, which means that a high relative impact on cold-blooded species does not necessarily indicate a high relative impact on warm-blooded predators. Depending on the weighing method to be considered, the inclusion of impacts on warm-blooded predators can change the relative ranking of toxic chemicals in a life cycle assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 372–378. © 2011 SETAC
Dickkopf‐3 is regulated by the MYCN‐induced miR‐17‐92 cluster in neuroblastoma
Authors: De Brouwer Sara , Mestdagh Pieter , Lambertz Irina , Pattyn Filip , De Paepe Anne , Westermann Frank , Schroeder Christina , Schulte Johannes H. , Schramm Alexander , De Preter Katleen , Vandesompele Jo , Speleman Frank 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is a paediatric tumour with a remarkable diverse clinical behaviour. Approximately half of the high stage aggressive tumours are characterized by MYCN gene amplification but our understanding of the role of MYCN in NB oncogenesis is incomplete. Previous studies have shown that MYCN expression is inversely correlated with expression of Dickkopf‐3 (DKK3), a gene encoding an extracellular protein with presumed tumour suppressor activity, but direct MYCN regulation of DKK3 was excluded leaving the mechanism of regulation unexplained. Given the recently established role of MYCN‐regulated miRNAs in downregulation of protein‐coding genes and predicted seeds for miR‐17‐92 cluster members within the DKK3 3′UTR, we hypothesized that this mechanism would act in MYCN regulation of DKK3. To investigate this, we used a validated miR‐17‐92‐inducible cellular system and could demonstrate robust downregulation of DKK3 mRNA and protein levels upon miR‐17‐92 overexpression. Next, two of the three predicted miRNAs, miR‐19b and miR‐92a, were shown to lower DKK3 protein levels, in addition to measurable DKK3 mRNA knock‐down by miR‐92a. Direct interaction between miR‐19b or miR‐92a and the 3′UTR of DKK3 was validated using luciferase reporter assays. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the MYCN‐induced downregulation of DKK3 results from direct upregulation of miR‐17‐92 components effecting both DKK3 mRNA stability and translation which further contributes to the pleiotropic oncogenic effect of elevated MYCN levels. The strict MYCN‐mediated regulation of DKK3 is suggestive for an important downstream function of the MYCN protein and thus warrants further investigations to unravel the role of DKK3 in NB.
L1‐CAM‐targeted antibody therapy and 177Lu‐radioimmunotherapy of disseminated ovarian cancer
Authors: Fischer Eliane , Grünberg Jürgen , Cohrs Susan , Hohn Alexander , Waldner‐Knogler Karin , Jeger Simone , Zimmermann Kurt , Novak‐Hofer Ilse , Schibli Roger 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe L1‐cell adhesion molecule (L1‐CAM) is highly expressed in various cancer types including ovarian carcinoma but is absent from most normal tissue. A chimeric monoclonal antibody, chCE7, specifically binds to human L1‐CAM and exhibits anti‐proliferative effects on L1‐CAM‐expressing tumor cells. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel 177Lu‐chCE7 radioimmunotherapeutic agent and to compare it to a treatment protocol with unlabeled, growth‐inhibiting chCE7 in a mouse xenograft model of disseminated ovarian cancer. chCE7agl, an aglycosylated IgG1 variant with improved pharmacokinetics, was conjugated with 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐N‐N′‐N′‐N‴‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and labeled with the low‐energy β‐emitter 177Lu. Tumor growth and survival were assessed after a single i.v. dose of 8 MBq (60 μg) radioimmunoconjugate in nude mice bearing either subcutaneous or intraperitoneal SKOV3.ip1 human ovarian cancer tumors. Therapeutic efficacy was compared with three times weekly i.p. administration of 10 mg/kg unconjugated chCE7. In vivo analysis of 177Lu‐chCE7agl biodistribution demonstrated high and specific accumulation of radioactivity at the tumor site with maximal tumor uptake of up to 48.0 ± 8.1% ID/g at 168 h postinjection. A single treatment with 177Lu‐DOTA‐chCE7agl caused significant retardation of tumor growth and prolonged median survival from 33 to 71 days, while administration of a nontargeted 177Lu‐immunoconjugate had no beneficial effect. Three times weekly i.p. application of unlabeled chCE7 10 mg/kg similarly increased survival from 44 to 72 days. We conclude that a single dose of 177Lu‐DOTA‐chCE7agl is as effective as repeated administration of nonradioactive chCE7 for treatment of small intraperitoneal tumors expressing L1‐CAM.
Inhibition of sonic hedgehog pathway and pluripotency maintaining factors regulate human pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics
Authors: Tang Su‐Ni , Fu Junsheng , Nall Dara , Rodova Mariana , Shankar Sharmila , Srivastava Rakesh K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractActivation of the sonic hedgehog (SHh) pathway is required for the growth of numerous tissues and organs and recent evidence indicates that this pathway is often recruited to stimulate growth of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and to orchestrate the reprogramming of cancer cells via epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), an active compound in green tea, inhibits self‐renewal capacity of pancreatic CSCs and synergizes with quercetin, a major polyphenol and flavonoid commonly detected in many fruits and vegetables. Our data demonstrated that EGCG inhibited the expression of pluripotency maintaining transcription factors (Nanog, c‐Myc and Oct‐4) and self‐renewal capacity of pancreatic CSCs. Inhibition of Nanog by shRNA enhanced the inhibitory effects of EGCG on self‐renewal capacity of CSCs. EGCG inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bcl‐2 and XIAP and activating caspase‐3. Interestingly, EGCG also inhibited the components of SHh pathway (smoothened, patched, Gli1 and Gli2) and Gli transcriptional activity. Furthermore, EGCG inhibited EMT by inhibiting the expression of Snail, Slug and ZEB1, and TCF/LEF transcriptional activity, which correlated with significantly reduced CSC's migration and invasion, suggesting the blockade of signaling involved in early metastasis. Furthermore, combination of quercetin with EGCG had synergistic inhibitory effects on self‐renewal capacity of CSCs through attenuation of TCF/LEF and Gli activities. Since aberrant SHh signaling occurs in pancreatic tumorigenesis, therapeutics that target SHh pathway may improve the outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer by targeting CSCs.
AT9283, a novel aurora kinase inhibitor, suppresses tumor growth in aggressive B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Qi Wenqing , Liu Xiaobing , Cooke Laurence S. , Persky Daniel O. , Miller Thomas P. , Squires Matthew , Mahadevan Daruka 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAurora kinases are oncogenic serine/threonine kinases that play key roles in regulating the mitotic phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Auroras are overexpressed in numerous tumors including B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas and are validated oncology targets. AT9283, a pan‐aurora inhibitor inhibited growth and survival of multiple solid tumors in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that AT9283 had potent activity against Aurora B in a variety of aggressive B‐(non‐Hodgkin lymphoma) B‐NHL cell lines. Cells treated with AT9283 exhibited endoreduplication confirming the mechanism of action of an Aurora B inhibitor. Also, treatment of B‐NHL cell lines with AT9283 induced apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner and inhibited cell proliferation with an IC50 < 1 μM. It is well known that inhibition of auroras (A or B) synergistically enhances the effects of microtubule targeting agents such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids to induce antiproliferation and apoptosis. We evaluated whether AT9283 in combination with docetaxel is more efficient in inducing apoptosis than AT9283 or docetaxel alone. At very low doses (5 nM) apoptosis was doubled in the combination (23%) compared to AT9283 or docetaxel alone (10%). A mouse xenograft model of mantle cell lymphoma demonstrated that AT9283 at 15 mg/kg and docetaxel (10 mg/kg) alone had modest anti‐tumor activity. However, AT9283 at 20 mg/kg and AT9283 (15 or 20 mg/kg) plus docetaxel (10 mg/kg) demonstrated a statistically significant tumor growth inhibition and enhanced survival. Together, our results suggest that AT9283 plus docetaxel may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in B‐cell NHL and warrant early phase clinical trial evaluation.
Horizontal transmission and retention of malignancy, as well as functional human genes, after spontaneous fusion of human glioblastoma and hamster host cells in vivo
Authors: Goldenberg David M. , Zagzag David , Heselmeyer‐Haddad Kerstin M. , Berroa Garcia Lissa Y. , Ried Thomas , Loo Meiyu , Chang Chien‐Hsing , Gold David V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCell fusion in vitro has been used to study cancer, gene mapping and regulation, and the production of antibodies via hybridomas. However, in‐vivo heterosynkaryon formation by cell–cell fusion has received less attention. This investigation describes the spontaneous fusion of a human glioblastoma with normal hamster cells after xenogeneic transplantation, resulting in malignant cells that express both human and hamster genes and gene products, and retention of glioblastoma traits with an enhanced ability to metastasize. Three of 7 human genes found showed translation of their proteins during serial propagation in vivo or in vitro for years; namely, CD74, CXCR4 and PLAGL2, each implicated with malignancy or glioblastoma. This supports the thesis that genetic hybridization of cancer and normal cells can transmit malignancy and also, as first described herein, regulatory genes involved in the tumor's organotypic morphology. Evidence also is increasing that even cell‐free human cancer DNA can induce malignancy and transfer genetic information to normal cells. Hence, we posit that the transfer of genetic information between tumor and stromal cells, whether by cell–cell fusion or other mechanisms, is implicated in the progression of malignancy, and may further define the crosstalk between cancer cells and their stromal neighbors.
Dermatopontin: A potential predictor for metastasis of human oral cancer
Authors: Yamatoji Masanobu , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Kouzu Yukinao , Koike Hirofumi , Sakamoto Yosuke , Ogawara Katsunori , Shiiba Masashi , Tanzawa Hideki , Uzawa Katsuhiro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDermatopontin (DPT), a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is involved in promotion of cellular adhesion and ECM assembly activities. However, the role of DPT in the pathogenesis of carcinoma is unclear. We evaluated DPT expression in human oral cancer and its possible roles including cellular adhesion and invasiveness. We first investigated the DPT mRNA and protein expression status in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)‐derived cells. Real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and immunoblotting analysis detected frequent downregulation of DPT in OSCC‐derived cells compared to human normal oral keratinocytes. To assess the epigenetic regulation of DPT, OSCC‐derived cells were treated with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaB). NaB restored the DPT expression in OSCC‐derived cells. DPT‐overexpressed cells were examined whether DPT could contribute to cellular adhesion and invasiveness. Markedly, increased adhesion and decreased invasiveness in DPT‐overexpressed cells were found compared to mock‐transfected cells. Adhesion of DPT‐overexpressed cells was inhibited by α3β1 integrin functional blocking antibody. OSCC‐derived cells treated with NaB also decreased invasiveness. The expression status of DPT in primary OSCCs (n = 97) was analyzed and compared to clinicopathological behavior. DPT expression in primary OSCCs was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the normal counterparts and was correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with regional lymph node metastasis. Our data provided strong evidence that downregulation of DPT is a characteristic event in OSCCs and that DPT was correlated with cellular adhesion and invasiveness. Therefore, DPT might play an important role in regulating tumor invasion and metastasis.