bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Lipid Accumulation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
sta7-10
Starchless Isoamylase Mutant and Increased Carbohydrate Synthesis in Complemented Strains
Authors: Work Victoria H. , Radakovits Randor , Jinkerson Robert E. , Meuser Jonathan E. , Elliott Lee G. , Vinyard David J. , Laurens Lieve M. L. , Dismukes G. Charles , Posewitz Matthew C. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

The accumulation of bioenergy carriers was assessed in two starchless mutants of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
(the
sta6
[ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase] and
sta7
-
10
[isoamylase] mutants), a control strain (CC124), and two complemented strains of the
sta7
-
10
mutant. The results indicate that the genetic blockage of starch synthesis in the
sta6
and
sta7
-
10
mutants increases the accumulation of lipids on a cellular basis during nitrogen deprivation relative to that in the CC124 control as determined by conversion to fatty acid methyl esters. However, this increased level of lipid accumulation is energetically insufficient to completely offset the loss of cellular starch that is synthesized by CC124 during nitrogen deprivation. We therefore investigated acetate utilization and O
2
evolution to obtain further insights into the physiological adjustments utilized by the two starchless mutants in the absence of starch synthesis. The results demonstrate that both starchless mutants metabolize less acetate and have more severely attenuated levels of photosynthetic O
2
evolution than CC124, indicating that a decrease in overall anabolic processes is a significant physiological response in the starchless mutants during nitrogen deprivation. Interestingly, two independent
sta7
-
10
:
STA7
complemented strains exhibited significantly greater quantities of cellular starch and lipid than CC124 during acclimation to nitrogen deprivation. Moreover, the complemented strains synthesized significant quantities of starch even when cultured in nutrient-replete medium.
Comparative Analyses of Two Thermophilic Enzymes Exhibiting both β-1,4 Mannosidic and β-1,4 Glucosidic Cleavage Activities from
Caldanaerobius polysaccharolyticus
Authors: Han Yejun , Dodd Dylan , Hespen Charles W. , Ohene-Adjei Samuel , Schroeder Charles M. , Mackie Roderick I. , Cann Isaac K. O. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

The hydrolysis of polysaccharides containing mannan requires endo-1,4-β-mannanase and 1,4-β-mannosidase activities. In the current report, the biochemical properties of two endo-β-1,4-mannanases (Man5A and Man5B) from
Caldanaerobius polysaccharolyticus
were studied. Man5A is composed of an N-terminal signal peptide (SP), a catalytic domain, two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), and three surface layer homology (SLH) repeats, whereas Man5B lacks the SP, CBMs, and SLH repeats. To gain insights into how the two glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes may aid the bacterium in energy acquisition and also the potential application of the two enzymes in the biofuel industry, two derivatives of Man5A (Man5A-TM1 [TM1 stands for truncational mutant 1], which lacks the SP and SLH repeats, and Man5A-TM2, which lacks the SP, CBMs, and SLH repeats) and the wild-type Man5B were biochemically analyzed. The Man5A derivatives displayed endo-1,4-β-mannanase and endo-1,4-β-glucanase activities and hydrolyzed oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 4 or higher. Man5B exhibited endo-1,4-β-mannanase activity and little endo-1,4-β-glucanase activity; however, this enzyme also exhibited 1,4-β-mannosidase and cellodextrinase activities. Man5A-TM1, compared to either Man5A-TM2 or Man5B, had higher catalytic activity with soluble and insoluble polysaccharides, indicating that the CBMs enhance catalysis of Man5A. Furthermore, Man5A-TM1 acted synergistically with Man5B in the hydrolysis of β-mannan and carboxymethyl cellulose. The versatility of the two enzymes, therefore, makes them a resource for depolymerization of mannan-containing polysaccharides in the biofuel industry. Furthermore, on the basis of the biochemical and genomic data, a molecular mechanism for utilization of mannan-containing nutrients by
C. polysaccharolyticus
is proposed.
Transport of Preproteins by the Accessory Sec System Requires a Specific Domain Adjacent to the Signal Peptide
Authors: Bensing Barbara A. , Sullam Paul M. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

The accessory Sec (SecA2/Y2) systems of streptococci and staphylococci are dedicated to the transport of large serine-rich repeat (SRR) glycoproteins to the bacterial cell surface. The means by which the glycosylated preproteins are selectively recognized by the accessory Sec system have not been fully characterized. In
Streptococcus gordonii
, the SRR glycoprotein GspB has a 90-residue amino-terminal signal sequence that is essential for transport by SecA2/Y2 but is not sufficient to mediate the transport of heterologous proteins by this specialized transporter. We now report that a preprotein must remain at least partially unfolded prior to transport by the accessory Sec system. In addition, a region of approximately 20 residues from the amino-terminal end of mature GspB (the
a
ccessory
S
ec
t
ransport or AST domain) is essential for SecA2/Y2-dependent transport. The replacement of several AST domain residues with glycine strongly interferes with export, which suggests that a helical conformation may be important. Analysis of GspB variants with alterations in the AST domain, in combination with the results with a SecY2 variant, indicates that the AST domain is essential both for targeting to the SecA2/Y2 translocase and for initiating translocation through the SecY2 channel. The combined results suggest a unique mechanism that ensures the transport of a single substrate by the SecA2/Y2 system.
Structure and internal deformation of the Arnaboll Thrust Sheet, NW Scotland: implications for strain localization in thrust belts
Authors: Wibberley Christopher A. J. , Butler Robert W. H. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Descriptions of structural evolution across thrust belts commonly assume a transition from ductile to brittle deformation, reflecting a progressive reduction in temperature accompanying exhumation. The universality of this model is challenged here using field relationships at Ben Arnaboll, in the northern part of the Moine Thrust Belt. Deformation in the Arnaboll Thrust Sheet, an allochthonous basement body of amphibolite-facies gneisses and pegmatite sheets, carried onto Cambrian sediments, includes widely distributed, low-displacement shears developed under greenschist facies with ingress of water. These ductile deformations post-date the emplacement of the thrust sheet as they link kinematically to breaching thrust structures emanating from the footwall of the Arnaboll Thrust. The thrust itself records a transition from mylonitic (ductile) to strongly localized (brittle) deformation that pre-dates the breaching thrusts and therefore the deformation within the thrust sheet itself. The structure of breaching thrusts charts an up-dip transition from localized slip to distributed shearing analogous to the trishear in fold-thrust complexes, Therefore deformation of the Arnaboll Thrust Sheet shows a return from strongly localized translation-dominated brittle deformation to more broadly distributed ductile deformation. This is likely to have been promoted by the ingress of water and the concomitant reaction-enhanced weakening of the basement.
Shear localization in solids: insights for mountain building processes from a frame-indifferent ideal material model
Authors: Patton Regan L. , Watkinson A. John 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Tectonic and orogenic processes, reflecting the dynamic nature of the planet, provide myriad examples of the failure of Earth materials under load. Despite this wealth of data, the shear localization process remains a difficult physical modelling problem, lying at the frontiers of complex and non-linear systems research. We present a non-conventional continuum-physics approach to address this problem, based on the mathematical properties of differential grade-2 (DG-2) materials. We choose this material because it is both frame-indifferent, and general enough to include other, simpler materials as special cases. DG-2 materials in pure shear exhibit a dynamic rescaling mechanism, associated with localized shearing, which links the spatial and temporal scales of this process in a self-consistent manner, independent of the observer. On typical thermal timescales, the thermomechanical competence of DG-2 materials depends on the ratio of thermal to mechanical diffusivities, κ/χ. On this basis, we hypothesize the effective rigidity of Earth materials, pertaining when the thermomechanical competence is greater than unity. This theory, applied to the whole Earth, suggests the existence of isopycnal ‘detachment’ zones at systematic, globally correlated depths beneath orogens, consistent with a variety of geological data.
Bacterial biomineralization: new insights from
Myxococcus
-induced mineral precipitation
Authors: González-Muñoz Maria Teresa , Rodriguez-Navarro Carlos , Martínez-Ruiz Francisca , Arias Jose Maria , Merroun Mohamed L. , Rodriguez-Gallego Manuel 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Bacteria have contributed to the formation of minerals since the advent of life on Earth. Bacterial biomineralization plays a critical role on biogeochemical cycles and has important technological and environmental applications. Despite the numerous efforts to better understand how bacteria induce/mediate or control mineralization, our current knowledge is far from complete. Considering that the number of recent publications on bacterial biomineralization has been overwhelming, here we attempt to show the importance of bacteria–mineral interactions by focusing in a single bacterial genus,
Myxococcus
, which displays an unusual capacity of producing minerals of varying compositions and morphologies. First, an overview of the recent history of bacterial mineralization, the most common bacteriogenic minerals and current models on bacterial biomineralization is presented. Afterwards a description of myxobacteria is presented, followed by a section where
Myxococcus
-induced precipitation of a number of phosphates, carbonates, sulphates, chlorides, oxalates and silicates is described and discussed in lieu of the information presented in the first part. As concluding remarks, implications of bacterial mineralization and perspectives for future research are outlined. This review strives to show that the mechanisms which control bacterial biomineralization are not mineral- or bacterial-specific. On the contrary, they appear to be universal and depend on the environment in which bacteria dwell.
Seasonal record from recent fluvial tufa deposits (Monasterio de Piedra, NE Spain): sedimentological and stable isotope data
Authors: Arenas C. , Osácar C. , Sancho C. , Vázquez-Urbez M. , Auqué L. , Pardo G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Physical and hydrochemical parameters and sedimentation rates were monitored twice a year from August 1999 to March 2003 at the Monasterio de Piedra area (NE Spain). Different tufa facies related to distinct fluvial subenvironments were characterized and the isotopic composition of water was analysed seasonally. Sedimentary features (thickness, texture and structure) and stable isotope composition of the seasonal record on tablets were analysed. The seasonal intervals were identified from six-monthly thickness measurements on tablets.
Sedimentation rates had a strong seasonal pattern with higher values in warm periods than in cool ones, although erosive events and sporadic, warmer-than-normal climate conditions altered it. Three main types of fluvial facies were studied in detail: dense, stromatolitic tufa; dense to porous, massive tufa; and spongy, moss- and alga-bearing, crudely laminated tufa. Textural features of deposits from warm and cool periods had a variable pattern.

The sediment δ
18
O composition showed a rhythmic variation, with higher values in cool periods and lower in warm ones, caused by the fractionation due to seasonal temperature variations. The calculated temperatures for a theoretical equilibrium precipitation accord with the actual measured temperatures. The sediment δ
13
C composition had an irregular pattern, indicating that other parameters than temperature intervened in the fluvial system.
A Note on Geodesically Bounded "Equation missing" -Trees
Authors: Kirk WA 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIt is proved that a complete geodesically bounded "Equation missing"-tree is the closed convex hull of the set of its extreme points. It is also noted that if "Equation missing" is a closed convex geodesically bounded subset of a complete "Equation missing"-tree "Equation missing" and if a nonexpansive mapping "Equation missing" satisfies "Equation missing" then "Equation missing" has a fixed point. The latter result fails if "Equation missing" is only continuous.
A Viral Vaccine Encoding Prostate-Specific Antigen Induces Antigen Spreading to a Common Set of Self-Proteins in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Nesslinger Nancy J. , Ng Alvin , Tsang Kwong-Yok , Ferrara Theresa , Schlom Jeffrey , Gulley James L. , Nelson Brad H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose: We previously reported a randomized phase II clinical trial combining a poxvirus-based vaccine encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Here, we investigate whether vaccination against PSA induced immune responses to additional tumor-associated antigens and how this influenced clinical outcome.Experimental Design: Pretreatment and posttreatment serum samples from patients treated with vaccine + external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) versus EBRT alone were evaluated by Western blot and serologic screening of a prostate cancer cDNA expression library (SEREX) to assess the development of treatment-associated autoantibody responses.Results: Western blotting revealed treatment-associated autoantibody responses in 15 of 33 (45.5%) patients treated with vaccine + EBRT versus 1 of 8 (12.5%) treated with EBRT alone. SEREX screening identified 18 antigens, which were assembled on an antigen array with 16 previously identified antigens. Antigen array screening revealed that 7 of 33 patients (21.2%) treated with vaccine + EBRT showed a vaccine-associated autoantibody response to four ubiquitously expressed self-antigens: DIRC2, NDUFS1, MRFAP1, and MATN2. These responses were not seen in patients treated with EBRT alone, or other control groups. Patients with autoantibody responses to this panel of antigens had a trend toward decreased biochemical-free survival.Conclusions: Vaccine + EBRT induced antigen spreading in a large proportion of patients. A subset of patients developed autoantibodies to a panel of four self-antigens and showed a trend toward inferior outcomes. Thus, cancer vaccines directed against tumor-specific antigens can trigger autoantibody responses to self-proteins, which may influence the efficacy of vaccination. Clin Cancer Res; 16(15); 4046–56. ©2010 AACR.
Dose-Dependent Association between UGT1A1*28 Genotype and Irinotecan-Induced Neutropenia: Low Doses Also Increase Risk
Authors: Hu Zhe-Yi , Yu Qi , Pei Qi , Guo Cheng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose: A previous meta-analysis showed that the association between the UGT1A1*28 genotype and irinotecan-induced neutropenia was influenced by irinotecan dose and that the risk of neutropenia was similar at low doses for patients with all genotypes. However, the sample sizes for the low- and high-dose groups were small. Because additional studies have now been reported, an updated and refined meta-analysis is needed.Experimental Design: Meta-analyses were done to assess the relationship between UGT1A1*28 and neutropenia. The association between UGT1A1*28 and the relative extent of glucuronidation (REG) of SN-38 was also examined. The studies included were stratified into different dose groups.Results: A total of 1,998 patients were included for the analysis of neutropenia and 581 patients were included for REG. The risk of neutropenia at low doses was significantly higher among patients with a UGT1A1*28/*28 genotype than among those carrying the UGT1A1*1 allele(s) [relative risk (RR), 2.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-4.39; P = 0.003]. In addition, the RR of neutropenia at low doses was comparable with that at medium doses (2.43 versus 2.00). The RR of neutropenia at high doses was significantly higher than that at low and medium doses (7.22 versus 2.04). We found the weighted mean difference of REG (UGT1A1*1/*1 or UGT1A1*1/*28 versus UGT1A1*28/*28) increased with increasing dose of irinotecan.Conclusions: In conclusion, the UGT1A1*28/*28 genotype was associated with an increased risk of neutropenia not only at medium or high doses of irinotecan but also at low doses. The dose-dependent manner of SN-38 glucuronidation explained why the association between UGT1A1*28 and neutropenia was dose dependent. Clin Cancer Res; 16(15); 3832–42. ©2010 AACR.
Gain-of-Function Mutations in
TRPM4
Cause Autosomal Dominant Isolated Cardiac Conduction Disease
Authors: Liu Hui , El Zein Loubna , Kruse Martin , Guinamard Romain , Beckmann Alf , Bozio André , Kurtbay Güven , Mégarbané André , Ohmert Iris , Blaysat Gérard , Villain Elisabeth , Pongs Olaf , Bouvagnet Patrice 
Published: June 2010

Background—
Isolated cardiac conduction block is a relatively common condition in young and elderly populations. Genetic predisposing factors have long been suspected because of numerous familial case reports. Deciphering genetic predisposing factors of conduction blocks may give a hint at stratifying conduction block carriers in a more efficient way.

Methods and Results—

One Lebanese family and 2 French families with autosomal dominant isolated cardiac conduction blocks were used for linkage analysis. A maximum combined multipoint lod score of 10.5 was obtained on a genomic interval including more than 300 genes. After screening 12 genes of this interval for mutation, we found a heterozygous missense mutation of the
TRPM4
gene in each family (p.Arg164Trp, p.Ala432Thr, and p.Gly844Asp). This gene encodes the TRPM4 channel, a calcium-activated nonselective cation channel of the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) ion channel family. All 3 mutations result in an increased current density. This gain of function is due to an elevated TRPM4 channel density at the cell surface secondary to impaired endocytosis and deregulation of Small Ubiquitin MOdifier conjugation (SUMOylation). Furthermore, we showed by immunohistochemistry that TRPM4 channel signal level is higher in atrial cardiomyocytes than in common ventricular cells, but is highest in Purkinje fibers. Small bundles of highly TRPM4-positive cells were found in the subendocardium and in rare intramural bundles.

Conclusions—

the
TRPM4
gene is a causative gene in isolated cardiac conduction disease with mutations resulting in a gain of function and TRPM4 channel being highly expressed in cardiac Purkinje fibers.
Acute lung injury prediction score: derivation and validation in a population-based sample
Authors: Trillo-Alvarez C. , Cartin-Ceba R. , Kor D.J. , Kojicic M. , Kashyap R. , Thakur S. , Thakur L. , Herasevich V. , Malinchoc M. , Gajic O. 
Published: June 2010

Early recognition of patients at high risk of acute lung injury (ALI) is critical for successful enrolment of patients in prevention strategies for this devastating syndrome. We aimed to develop and prospectively validate an ALI prediction score in a population-based sample of patients at risk.In a retrospective derivation cohort, predisposing conditions for ALI were identified at the time of hospital admission. The score was calculated based on the results of logistic regression analysis. Prospective validation was performed in an independent cohort of patients at risk identified at the time of hospital admission.In a derivation cohort of 409 patients with ALI risk factors, the lung injury prediction score discriminated patients who developed ALI from those who did not with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI 0.80–0.89; Hosmer–Lemeshow p = 0.60). The performance was similar in a prospective validation cohort of 463 patients at risk of ALI (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.91; Hosmer–Lemeshow p = 0.88).ALI prediction scores identify patients at high risk for ALI before intensive care unit admission. If externally validated, this model will serve to define the population of patients at high risk for ALI in whom future mechanistic studies and ALI prevention trials will be conducted.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Using a Fullerenol-based Precursor Solution via Nanocasting with SBA-15
Authors: Doi Yoji , Takai Azusa , Makino Sho , Radhakrishnan Logudurai , Suzuki Norihiro , Sugimoto Wataru , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Here, we demonstrate mesoporous carbons with different amounts of fullerene cage (MCF) by using a fullerenol-based precursor solution via a nanocasting method with SBA-15 mesoporous silica. The fullerene cages embedded in the frameworks are electrochemically active, showing high potential as an electrode material for an electric double-layer capacitor.
Food preferences of golden jackals and sympatric red foxes in European temperate climate agricultural area (Hungary)
Authors: Lanszki József , Heltai Miklós 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Differences in food preferences between two sympatric canids, the golden jackal (Canis aureus), which is currently spreading from south-east Europe and is a little-known species in Europe, and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) were investigated. Data on diet composition and food availability were collected over a 13-season period, in a temperate climate agricultural area of Hungary. We found that jackals and foxes preferred small mammals (Ivlev's electivity index, Ei=0.38 and 0.39, respectively), and avoided towards wild boar (Ei= -0.43 and -0.56, respectively) and cervids (Ei=-0.92 and -0.94, respectively). Jackals preferred pheasant less than foxes (Ei=0.06 and 0.51, respectively). Within small mammals, both predators preferred the open field living species, with the forest living species being less favoured. The relationship between the available biomass of small mammals, as the primarily important food resource for both canids, and the proportion of consumed biomass of small mammals was not close. This was probably as a result of abundant food resources and high trophic flexibility of the golden jackal and red fox allowing these two closely related carnivores to coexist sympatrically in Central European areas without resource partitioning.
Use of vertical space by small mammals in gallery forest and woodland savannah in south-western Brazil
Authors: Hannibal Wellington , Caceres Nilton C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe examined the community composition and abundance of small mammals in the vertical strata of gallery forests and woodland savannahs in south-western Brazil. Captures were carried out during the winter and summer months of 2006/2007. Traps were set in three transect lines per habitat, with 10 capture stations on each line. Each station had three traps: on the ground, in the understorey (2–3 m in height), and in the canopy (8–10 m) in each physiognomy. With an effort of 3600 trap-nights, 11 species of small mammals were captured, which were distributed differently regarding the forest physiognomies and utilisation of vertical strata. The species showed a high degree of habitat segregation in the two physiognomies, with only the climbing-ratRhipidomys macrurusfound in both habitats. The correspondence analysis revealed thatCaluromys philanderoccurred mostly in the canopy;Cryptonanus agricolai,Marmosa murina, andOecomys bicolorin the understorey; andGracilinanus agilisandNectomys rattuson the ground. The utilisation of traps in different strata increased species richness in the Cerrado biome, showing that the small-mammal community is distributed along the vertical complexity of the forest and even in different physiognomies, enabling more species to coexist.