bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high-resolution linkage map for comparative genome analysis and QTL fine mapping in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer
Authors: Wang Chun Ming , Bai Zhi Yi , He Xiao Ping , Lin Grace , Xia Jun Hong , Sun Fei , Lo Loong Chueng , Feng Felicia , Zhu Ze Yuan , Yue Gen Hua 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundHigh density linkage maps are essential for comparative analysis of synteny, fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL), searching for candidate genes and facilitating genome sequence assembly. However, in most foodfish species, marker density is still low. We previously reported a first generation linkage map with 240 DNA markers and its application to preliminarily map QTL for growth traits in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Here, we report a high-resolution linkage map with 790 microsatellites and SNPs, comparative analysis of synteny, fine-mapping of QTL and the identification of potential candidate genes for growth traits.ResultsA second generation linkage map of Asian seabass was developed with 790 microsatellite and SNP markers. The map spanned a genetic length of 2411.5 cM, with an average intermarker distance of 3.4 cM or 1.1 Mb. This high density map allowed for comparison of the map withTetraodon nigroviridisgenome, which revealed 16 synteny regions between the two species. Moreover, by employing this map we refined QTL to regions of 1.4 and 0.2 cM (or 400 and 50 kb) in linkage groups 2 and 3 in a population containing 380 progeny; potential candidate genes for growth traits in QTL regions were further identified using comparative genome analysis, whose effects on growth traits were investigated. Interestingly, a QTL cluster atLca371underlying growth traits of Asian seabass showed similarity to the cathepsin D gene of human, which is related to cancer and Alzheimer's disease.ConclusionsWe constructed a high resolution linkage map, carried out comparative mapping, refined the positions of QTL, identified candidate genes for growth traits and analyzed their effects on growth. Our study developed a framework that will be indispensable for further identification of genes and analysis of molecular variation within the refined QTL to enhance understanding of the molecular basis of growth and speed up genetic improvement of growth performance, and it also provides critical resource for future genome sequence assembly and comparative genomics studies on the evolution of fish genomes.
Simple flow cytometric detection of haemozoin containing leukocytes and erythrocytes for research on diagnosis, immunology and drug sensitivity testing
Authors: Frita Rosangela , Rebelo Maria , Pamplona Ana , Vigario Ana M , Mota Maria M , Grobusch Martin P , Hänscheid Thomas 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Malaria pigment (haemozoin, Hz) has been the focus of diverse research efforts. However, identification of Hz-containing leukocytes or parasitized erythrocytes is usually based on microscopy, with inherent limitations. Flow cytometric detection of depolarized Side-Scatter is more accurate and its adaptation to common bench top flow cytometers might allow several applications. These can range from the ex-vivo and in-vitro detection and functional analysis of Hz-containing leukocytes to the detection of parasitized Red-Blood-Cells (pRBCs) to assess antimalarial activity.

Methods
A standard benchtop flow cytometer was adapted to detect depolarized Side-Scatter. Synthetic and Plasmodium falciparum Hz were incubated with whole blood and PBMCs to detect Hz-containing leukocytes and CD16 expression on monocytes. C5BL/6 mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA or P. berghei NK65 and Hz-containing leukocytes were analysed using CD11b and Gr1 expression. Parasitized RBC from infected mice were identified using anti-Ter119 and SYBR green I and were analysed for depolarized Side Scatter. A highly depolarizing RBC population was monitored in an in-vitro culture incubated with chloroquine or quinine.

Results
A flow cytometer can be easily adapted to detect depolarized Side-Scatter and thus, intracellular Hz. The detection and counting of Hz containing leukocytes in fresh human or mouse blood, as well as in leukocytes from in-vitro experiments was rapid and easy. Analysis of CD14/CD16 and CD11b/Gr1 monocyte expression in human or mouse blood, in a mixed populations of Hz-containing and non-containing monocytes, appears to show distinct patterns in both types of cells. Hz-containing pRBC and different maturation stages could be detected in blood from infected mice. The analysis of a highly depolarizing population that contained mature pRBC allowed to assess the effect of chloroquine and quinine after only 2 and 4 hours, respectively.

Conclusions
A simple modification of a flow cytometer allows for rapid and reliable detection and quantification of Hz-containing leukocytes and the analysis of differential surface marker expression in the same sample of Hz-containing versus non-Hz-containing leukocytes. Importantly, it distinguishes different maturation stages of parasitized RBC and may be the basis of a rapid no-added-reagent drug sensitivity assay.
Shock-induced breaking of the nanowire with the dependence of crystallographic orientation and strain rate
Authors: Wang Fenying , Gao Yajun , Zhu Tiemin , Zhao Jianwei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe failure of the metallic nanowire has raised concerns due to its applied reliability in nanoelectromechanical system. In this article, the breaking failure is studied for the [100], [110], and [111] single-crystal copper nanowires at different strain rates. The statistical breaking position distributions of the nanowires have been investigated to give the effects of strain rate and crystallographic orientation on micro-atomic fluctuation in the symmetric stretching of the nanowires. When the strain rate is less than 0.26% ps-1, macro-breaking position distributions exhibit the anisotropy of micro-atomic fluctuation. However, when the strain rate is larger than 3.54% ps-1, the anisotropy is not obvious because of strong symmetric shocks.
Discriminating lymphomas and reactive lymphadenopathy in lymph node biopsies by gene expression profiling
Authors: Loi To Ha , Campain Anna , Bryant Adam , Molloy Tim J , Lutherborrow Mark , Turner Jennifer , Yang Yee Hwa Jean , Ma David DF 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic accuracy of lymphoma, a heterogeneous cancer, is essential for patient management. Several ancillary tests including immunophenotyping, and sometimes cytogenetics and PCR are required to aid histological diagnosis. In this proof of principle study, gene expression microarray was evaluated as a single platform test in the differential diagnosis of common lymphoma subtypes and reactive lymphadenopathy (RL) in lymph node biopsies.

Methods
116 lymph node biopsies diagnosed as RL, classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or follicular lymphoma (FL) were assayed by mRNA microarray. Three supervised classification strategies (global multi-class, local binary-class and global binary-class classifications) using diagonal linear discriminant analysis was performed on training sets of array data and the classification error rates calculated by leave one out cross-validation. The independent error rate was then evaluated by testing the identified gene classifiers on an independent (test) set of array data.

Results
The binary classifications provided prediction accuracies, between a subtype of interest and the remaining samples, of 88.5%, 82.8%, 82.8% and 80.0% for FL, cHL, DLBCL, and RL respectively. Identified gene classifiers include LIM domain only-2 (LMO2), Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) and Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-3 (CDK3) specifically for FL, cHL and DLBCL subtypes respectively.

Conclusions
This study highlights the ability of gene expression profiling to distinguish lymphoma from reactive conditions and classify the major subtypes of lymphoma in a diagnostic setting. A cost-effective single platform "mini-chip" assay could, in principle, be developed to aid the quick diagnosis of lymph node biopsies with the potential to incorporate other pathological entities into such an assay.
Exotic diseases of dogs and cats at risk of importation to Ireland
Authors: Goodfellow Mark , Shaw Susan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Changes in legislation that facilitate movement of companion animals within the European Union will expose those animals to microbial and parasitic organisms currently exotic to Ireland. This paper reviewed information on the exotic diseases most likely to be introduced to Ireland by travelling dogs and cats: rabies, leishmaniosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and dirofilariosis.
Genetic variation of TLR4 influences immunoendocrine stress response: an observational study in cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Koch Alexander , Hamann Lutz , Schott Matthias , Boehm Olaf , Grotemeyer Dirk , Kurt Muhammed , Schwenke Carsten , Schumann Ralf R , Bornstein Stefan R , Zacharowski Kai 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Systemic inflammation (for example, following surgery) involves Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and leads to an endocrine stress response. This study aims to investigate a possible influence of TLR2 and TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on perioperative adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol regulation in serum of cardiac surgical patients. To investigate the link to systemic inflammation in this context, we additionally measured 10 different cytokines in the serum.

Methods
A total of 338 patients admitted for elective cardiac surgery were included in this prospective observational clinical cohort study. Genomic DNA of patients was screened for TLR2 and TLR4 SNPs. Serum concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were determined before surgery, immediately post surgery and on the first postoperative day.

Results
Thirteen patients were identified as TLR2 SNP carriers, 51 as TLR4 SNP carriers and 274 patients as non-carriers. Basal levels of ACTH, cortisol and cytokines did not differ among groups. In all three groups a significant, transient perioperative rise of cortisol could be observed. However, only in the non-carrier group this was accompanied by a significant ACTH rise. TLR4 SNP carriers had significant lower ACTH levels compared to non-carriers (mean (95% confidence intervals)) non-carriers: 201.9 (187.7 to 216.1) pg/ml; TLR4 SNP carriers: 149.9 (118.4 to 181.5) pg/ml; TLR2 SNP carriers: 176.4 ((110.5 to 242.3) pg/ml). Compared to non-carriers, TLR4 SNP carriers showed significant lower serum IL-8, IL-10 and GM-CSF peaks (mean (95% confidence intervals)): IL-8: non-carriers: 42.6 (36.7 to 48.5) pg/ml, TLR4 SNP carriers: 23.7 (10.7 to 36.8) pg/ml; IL-10: non-carriers: 83.8 (70.3 to 97.4) pg/ml, TLR4 SNP carriers: 54.2 (24.1 to 84.2) pg/ml; GM-CSF: non-carriers: 33.0 (27.8 to 38.3) pg/ml, TLR4 SNP carriers: 20.2 (8.6 to 31.8) pg/ml). No significant changes over time or between the groups were found for the other cytokines.

Conclusions
Regulation of the immunoendocrine stress response during systemic inflammation is influenced by the presence of a TLR4 SNP. Cardiac surgical patients carrying this genotype showed decreased serum concentrations of ACTH, IL-8, IL-10 and GM-CSF. This finding might have impact on interpreting previous and designing future trials on diagnosing and modulating immunoendocrine dysregulation (for example, adrenal insufficiency) during systemic inflammation and sepsis.
Electrical Detection of Oscillations in Micro- and Nano- Cantilevers Using Harmonic Detection of Resonance
Authors: Gaillard J. , Ciocan Razvan , Skove Malcolm J. , Rao Apparao M. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAccurate determination of the resonant frequency, phase and quality factor in micro and nano-mechanical oscillators permits the detection of: (i) trace amounts of specific adsorbed molecules which affect the resonant frequency; (ii) pressure variations which affect the mechanical damping of the oscillator; or (iii) the temperature dependence of the elastic properties of the oscillator through a shift in the resonant frequency. To date, electrical detection of oscillations in cantilevered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has eluded researchers in the field. Electrical detection allows a simple means for measuring the resonance frequency, phase and quality factor of cantilevers built into integrated circuits, or cantilevers whose response can be monitored as a function of any external parameter such as temperature or pressure. To this end, we described a fully electrical (actuation and detection) method termed harmonic detection of resonance (HDR) to measure mechanical oscillations in ambient conditions for two systems: Si-based micro- and MWNT based nano-cantilevers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the resonant frequency in micro- and nano-cantilevers can be tuned without appreciable change in the quality factor which suggests that HDR is an ideal platform in device design and applications.
Active CPU Cooling System with Piezoelectric Actuated Droplet Generator
Authors: Lu Chun-Fu , Huang Chi-Ming , Yang Jinn-Cherng , Chiang Hung -Liang , Fu Chien-Chung , Cheng Chiang-Ho , Chen Chun-Jung 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTInk jet technology is applied to the industry application of CPU cooling in this study. The PZT actuated micro-cooling device which generating the micro-scale liquid droplet is used in the CPU cooling of desktop and laptop PCs. It consists the advantages of long lifetime of operation, simple and easily manufactured of the structure with PZT actuator. Since the high latent heat transfer rate, 2260 J/g, of water droplet for the liquid-vapor phase change cooling system, it removes heat from the CPU surface effectively for over 100 W. In order to design an efficient cooling device, it is important to study the PZT material property varies after the laser cutting process and the dimensional effects of PZT actuator on the nozzle plate vibration mode. The frequency and amplitude of the voltage used to energize the PZT transducer are also important parameters that should be properly controlled in order to achieve the optimal liquid breakup conditions. It also reveals the low noise and power consumption in the CPU cooling system with some appropriate operational conditions.
Electronic Structure of VO2 near Phase Transition by Tunneling Spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Changman , Oikawa Yasushi , Tamura Takashi , Shin Jae-Soo , Ozaki Hajime 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTTunneling spectroscopy was carried out on W doped VO2 single crystal in the temperature region across the phase transition. Double pseudo gap structures were observed across the Fermi level at temperatures below the phase transition. When the temperature was increased across the phase transition, the outer gap structure disappeared and the inner gap structure of about 0.36 eV became sharp. A precursor of phase transition to low temperature phase was observed in the tunneling density of states near the Fermi level, when the temperature approached 0.2 K to the threshold of transition in the electrical resistivity.
Porous methylsiloxane gel thick film for millimeter-wave antenna substrate prepared by gap filling method
Authors: Tanaka Takeharu , Kawakami Nobuyuki , Hirano Takayuki , Fukumoto Yoshito , Suzuki Tetsuo , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Nakanishi Kazuki 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA novel process to fabricate a thick silica gel film on an aluminum substrate, named the “gap filling method”, has been developed. The process is based on a sol-gel method accompanied by phase separation in a submillimeter thick space defined by two facing substrates. Dielectric thick film integrated on a metal ground plate is successfully formed by using a SiO2 coated aluminum substrate and a cap plate covered with an amorphous carbon thin film, which control the hydrophilicity and the hydrophobicity of the plates, respectively. A thin continuous layer of less than 0.5 μm thick is formed at the interface between the porous film and the cap plate, which gives the film a smooth surface preferable for patterning metal circuits of an antenna. The observed dielectric constants (εr) at 60 GHz measured by the Fabry-Perot resonator method are in the range between 1.4 and 1.6. Methyl groups homogeneously distributed in the siloxane network give a hydrophobic siloxane gel film, thus the obtained films have enough environmental stability. These results show that the gap filling method is applicable to the preparation of the porous thick film that is needed for antenna applications.
Effect of High-Energy-Electron Irradiation on Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics in P(VDF-TrFE) 65/35 mol% Copolymers
Authors: Li Zhi-Min , Cheng Z.-Y. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe effect of the high-energy-electron irradiation on the crystallization process in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethyelene) [(P(VDF-TrFE)] 65/35 mol% copolymers was studied by nonisothermal crystallization using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The experimental data are analyzed using modified Avrami, Ozawa, and combined Avrami-Ozawa methods. It is found that the crystals grow in three dimensions in the irradiated samples. It is found that the irradiation results in a lower crystallization temperature and a lower crystallization activation energy. It is also found that the irradiated samples have a lower crystallization temperature than the unirradiated samples. All these results indicate that the crystals grown in the irradiated samples have a smaller surface energy, which corresponds to a thicker interfacial layer.
Emeraldine Base Thin Film Carbon Dioxide Sensor
Authors: Irimia-Vladu Mihai , Fergus Jeffrey W. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA thin film of emeraldine base polyaniline in NMP was cast on an interdigitated electrode and its conductivity investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The thin film responded to carbonic acid solutions of various pHs lower than 5. In general, an emeraldine base (EB) to emeraldine salt (ES) transformation occurs by protonation when the pH is less than 4. In the present case, the stages that occur prior to the onset of changes in total conductivity are detected by impedance spectroscopy. The sensor output was stable and reversible over a period of 3 months of testing.
Emerging Magnetism Arising from Self Damage in α- and δ-Pu
Authors: McCall Scott , Fluss Micheal J , Chung Brandon W , Chapline George F , Jackson Damon D , McElfresh Micheal W 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAs a consequence of the unusual nature of plutonium's electronic structure, point- and extended-defects are expected to, and do exhibit extraordinary properties. Low temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements on Pu and fcc-Pu(Ga) show that the magnetic susceptibility increases as a function of time, yet upon annealing the specimen returns to its initial magnetic susceptibility. This excess magnetic susceptibility (EMS) arises from the alpha-decay and U recoil damage cascades which produce vacancy and interstitials as point and extended defects. The temperature of the first annealing stage defines a temperature (<35K) below which we are able to characterize the time and temperature evolution of the accumulating damage cascades as being a saturation function. The temperature dependence of the EMS is well described by a time independent, Curie-Weiss curve arising from a volumetric region surrounding each U damage cascade. This saturation picture also leads directly to a determination of the microscopic volume of the specimen that is affected by the frozen-in damage cascade. For our measurements in δ-Pu we calculate a diameter of the magnetically affected volume of ∼250Å per damage cascade. This should be compared with an estimated volume that encloses the damage cascade itself (determined from molecular dynamics) of ∼100 Å. Hence, the ratio of these volumes is ∼8. The observed anomalous magnetic behavior is likely a consequence of the highly correlated nature of the electrons. Similarities with defects in hole-doped superconductors suggest a general phenomenon in strongly correlated electron systems, of which Pu may be a particularly unusual or special example.
Burst Martensitic Transformations in a Pu-Ga Alloy
Authors: Blobaum Kerri J.M. , Mitchell J. N. , Krenn C. R. , Wall M. A. , Massalski T. B. , Schwartz A. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMartensitic transformations can occur via two modes: thermoelastic and burst. In thermoelastic martensites, deformation can be accommodated elastically and transformations occur smoothly with changes in temperature or stress. Burst martensitic transformations require both elastic and plastic deformation to accommodate strain; individual martensite particles form at the speed of sound, and the overall accumulation of martensite may increase in discrete, incremental steps. Here, we examine a unique martensitic transformation and reversion in a Pu-2.0 at% Ga alloy and show evidence that they proceed via the burst mode. Upon cooling from ambient conditions, the metastable delta phase partially transforms martensitically to the alpha-prime phase with a volume contraction of 20%. This large volume change suggests a burst transformation. Furthermore, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we observed that the alpha-prime to delta reversion proceeds in discrete increments, which appear as sharp peaks in DSC data. The DSC data is compared to similar results obtained using dilatometry and resistometry. This incremental progression is believed to be the result of autocatalytic cascades of many alpha-prime particles reverting nearly-simultaneously to the delta phase. Finite-element modeling suggests that residual stresses in the regions of reverted alpha-prime particles may catalyze (or retard) additional transformation. These stresses could initiate cascades of alpha-prime particles that revert nearly-simultaneously. The cascades are likely quenched by stress and/or temperature changes resulting from the transformation itself. During the forward delta to alpha-prime transformation, burst events are not observed with the above techniques. The transformation, however, is still expected to proceed via the burst martensite mode because of the large volume changes required. Because alpha-prime must be nucleated in the delta matrix before it can grow as an individual burst, the transformation may not occur cooperatively. These individual bursts may be too small to be resolved by the above techniques, and the signal observed corresponds to a cumulative total of all the events.
The Radiation Induced Chemistry of the Uranyl Cation in Carbonate –Bicarbonate Solutions as Followed by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: McNamara Bruce Kevin , Snow Lanee A. , Soderquist Chuck Z. , Sinkov Sergei , Cho Herman M. , Friese Judah I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHydrogen peroxide formed by radiolysis of carbonate –bicarbonate media was followed by 13C NMR using dissolved [233UO2(13CO3)3]4- as the alpha source (Dα=12.1 Gy/hr). It is shown that the speciation of the peroxide carbonates (or other species) that are formed in the pH region 5.9 and 11.6 by titration with hydrogen peroxide are common to those formed by hydrogen peroxide generated by radiolysis. Radiolytic generation of hydrogen peroxide was followed by observing the formation of a uranyl peroxide carbonate complex. Complex formation was observed to accelerate for about 1200 hours and to terminate between 1×10-4 and 5×10-4 M. It is assumed that either a steady state H2O2 production rate was established in solution or that some limiting feature of the experiment was responsible for slowing the yield of product.