bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse des transactions professeurs-élèves en éducation physique : étude de cas
Authors: Méard Jacques , Bertone Stefano 
Published: March 2009

Résumé Cette étude a analysé le rapport entre les formes de présentation du travail scolaire et la réalisation par les élèves des actions prescrites ou proscrites par l’enseignant. Elle a consisté en l’observation et l’enregistrement vidéo de 18 leçons réalisées dans une classe de collège durant une année et suivies d’entretiens auprès de six enseignants. Cet article porte sur deux leçons d’éducation physique (badminton), conduites par deux enseignants différents dans la même classe. Les données d’observation ont été croisées avec les données d’enregistrement et analysées à partir d’un découpage en transactions. Ces données sont interprétées à partir de la théorie de l’intériorisation des signes proposée par la psychologie historico-culturaliste russe. Les résultats montrent qu’au cours de la Leçon 1, les actions autorégulées d’élèves (réalisation volontaire des actions prescrites) sont plus nombreuses qu’au cours de la Leçon 2. Ceci est en relation avec des différences dans l’énonciation des motifs des règles, dans l’enchâssement des règles prescrites, dans la mise en rapport des règles avec le but du jeu de badminton. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de certaines actions professionnelles, en tant qu’objets de formation en direction des enseignants, et questionnent l’opportunité de la « situation de résolution de problèmes » en éducation physique.
Effect of Mechanical Chest Percussion on Intracranial Pressure: A Pilot Study
Authors: Olson DaiWai M. , Thoyre Suzanne M. , Bennett Stacey N. , Stoner Joanna B. , Graffagnino Carmelo 
Published: March 2009

Background Treatment of brain injury is often focused on minimizing intracranial pressure, which, when elevated, can lead to secondary brain injury. Chest percussion is a common practice used to treat and prevent pneumonia. Conflicting and limited anecdotal evidence indicates that physical stimulation increases intracranial pressure and should be avoided in patients at risk of intracranial hypertension.Objectives To explore the safety of performing chest percussion for patients at high risk for intracranial hypertension.Methods A total of 28 patients with at least 1 documented episode of intracranial hypertension who were having intracranial pressure monitored were studied in a prospective randomized control trial. Patients were randomly assigned to either the control group (no chest percussion) or the intervention group (10 minutes of chest percussion at noon). Intracranial pressure was recorded once a minute before, during, and after the intervention.Results Mean intracranial pressures for the control group before, during, and after the study period (14.4, 15.0, and 15.9 mm Hg, respectively) did not differ significantly from pressures in the intervention group (13.6, 13.7, and 14.2 mm Hg, respectively).Conclusions Mechanical chest percussion may be a safe intervention for nurses to use on neurologically injured patients who are at risk for intracranial hypertension.
Functional screening of adrenergic receptors by measuring intracellular calcium using the FlexStation scanning fluorimeter
Authors: Nanda Kamna , Chatterjee Mou , Gupta Suman , Singh Rakesh , Tiwar Atul , Gupta Dikshi , Ray Abhijit 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study we test whether functional screening of compounds to adrenergic G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) would provide data that correlated significantly with radiolabeled binding data, thereby permitting researchers to replace expensive radioligand‐binding experiments with non‐radioactive screening. An increase in intracellular calcium levels represents an important second messenger signal for several recombinant GPCRs. In this study, we describe the affinities of three alpha adrenoceptor antagonists (terazosin, tamsulosin and alfuzosin), determined by monitoring the changes in intracellular calcium levels and comparing them with their radioligand‐binding affinities. In addition to determining the functional affinities of the three alpha adrenoceptor antagonists, we evaluate their binding at two alpha adrenoceptor subtypes and optimized the assay for high‐throughput screening.
Efficacy of recombinant anthrax vaccine against Bacillus anthracis aerosol spore challenge: Preclinical evaluation in rabbits and Rhesus monkeys
Authors: Chawla Anil , Midha Shuchi , Bhatnagar Rakesh 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis report describes the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Escherichia coli‐expressed recombinant protective antigen (rPA) in New Zealand White rabbits and Rhesus Macaques against an aerosol challenge with Bacillus anthracis spores (IVRI strain, tox+cap+). A dose‐ranging study was performed in which it became evident that the level of anti‐PA IgG and toxin‐neutralizing antibody titer was directly proportional to the dose of rPA administered. However, the onset time of primary and secondary immune response was not dependent on the dosage. Revaccination of primed animals with the same threshold dose yielded a robust and rapid secondary response. Quantitative differences in peak titers were obtained for both the animal models, in addition to qualitative differences in the immune kinetics. In spite of a weak priming response, the secondary response in rabbits peaked earlier than that in macaques once the booster dose was administered. However, evaluation of the post‐challenge quantitative anti‐rPA ELISA titer measurements indicated higher titers for non‐human primates as compared to the lagomorphs. Importantly, 100% protection was seen for the dosage groups that received ≥25 μg rPA, following a challenge against a target dose of 1000 LD50 of aerosolized spores of Bacillus anthracis.
O‐acetylated sialic acids: Multifaceted role in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Chowdhury Suchandra , Mandal Chitra 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChildhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a malignant transformation of the lymphoblasts, is highly responsive to chemotherapy. However, due to certain inadequacy in detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), relapse is a common phenomenon. To address this question, the present review deals with the induction of an unique O‐acetyl derivative of sialic acid on a few disease‐associated glycoproteins and glycolipids at the onset of childhood ALL, a finding of our group in the last decade. This information has been successfully utilized for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Existing literature is included for comparison. Additionally, cell surface overexpression of 9‐O‐acetylated sialoglycoproteins and antibodies against them present in patients' sera aid the survival of the malignant lymphoblasts and suggest a multifaceted role played by these molecules. Taken together, monitoring these molecules helps not only in unravelling the biology of this paediatric malignancy but also in personalizing the treatment strategies for the betterment of the patient population.
Corporate governance practices that address climate change: an exploratory study
Authors: Galbreath Jeremy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis exploratory study sought to investigate how well 98 firms in three industries, across 10 countries, are addressing climate change through five specific governance practices. The findings suggest that non‐US firms demonstrate higher performance on the governance dimensions than their US counterparts. Further, by separating firms into low versus high performers on the governance dimensions, some board structure variables, such as number of directors and an independent board chair, were associated with higher performing firms.The study contributes both to institutional and agency theory. For example, coercive isomorphisms in regions of the world, such as Europe, might be driving firms to demonstrate that they are addressing climate change at the governance level in order to gain legitimacy. As for agency theory, this study offers both confirmatory and contradictory results regarding board independence. For example, firms who separated the CEO–board chair role achieved better governance on climate change, while at the same time firms who demonstrated lack of independence with respect to the inside versus outside director ratio also achieved better governance on climate change. This paves the way for additional research in understanding how board structure influences organizational phenomena. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Pyrrolopyrrole Cyanine Dyes: A New Class of Near‐Infrared Dyes and Fluorophores
Authors: Fischer Georg M. , Isomäki‐Krondahl Magnus , Göttker‐Schnetmann Inigo , Daltrozzo Ewald , Zumbusch Andreas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNIRer there: Pyrrolopyrrole cyanine (PPCys) dyes, a new class of near‐infrared (NIR) fluorophores, are obtained by condensation of heteroarylacetonitrile and diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds (see picture). Complexation with BF2 or BPh2 yields strongly fluorescent, photostable NIR dyes that show high absorption cross‐sections and fluorescence quantum yields. Furthermore, alteration of the heterocycle can tune the main absorption between λ = 684 and 864 nm.magnified imagePyrrolopyrrole cyanine (PPCy) dyes are presented as a novel class of near‐infrared (NIR) chromophores, which are synthesized in a condensation reaction of diketopyrrolopyrrole with heteroarylacetonitrile compounds. Their optical properties are marked by strong and narrow‐band NIR absorptions. Complexation products with BF2 and BPh2 show strong NIR fluorescence and hardly any absorption in the visible range. We synthesized a series of new PPCys that differ only in the heterocyclic peripheral groups of the chromophore. With this strategy, the absorption spectra can be tuned between 684 and 864 nm, while high fluorescence quantum yields are maintained. The influence of the heterocycle on the optical properties of the dyes is discussed.
Controllable Red, Green, Blue (RGB) and Bright White Upconversion Luminescence of Lu2O3:Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ Nanocrystals through Single Laser Excitation at 980 nm
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhang Cuimiao , Peng Chong , Li Chunxia , Wang Lili , Chai Ruitao , Lin Jun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLight fantastic! Lu2O3:Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ nanocrystals with controllable red, green, blue (RGB) and bright white upconversion luminescence by a single laser excitation of 980 nm have been successfully synthesized (see picture). Due to abundant UC PL colors, it can potentially be used as fluorophores in the field of color displays, back light, UC lasers, photonics, and biomedicine.magnified imageLu2O3:Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized by a solvothermal process followed by a subsequent heat treatment at 800 °C. Powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, upconversion photoluminescence spectra, and kinetic decay were used to characterize the samples. Under single‐wavelength diode laser excitation of 980 nm, the bright blue emissions of Lu2O3:Yb3+, Tm3+ nanocrystals near 477 and 490 nm were observed due to the 1G4→3H6 transition of Tm3+. The bright green UC emissions of Lu2O3:Er3+ nanocrystals appeared near 540 and 565 nm were observed and assigned to the 2H11/2→4I15/2 and 4S3/2→4I15/2 transitions, respectively, of Er3+. The ratio of the intensity of green luminescence to that of red luminescence decreases with an increase of concentration of Yb3+ in Lu2O3:Er3+ nanocrystals. In sufficient quantities of Yb3+ with resprct to Er3+, the bright red UC emission of Lu2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ centered at 662 nm was predominant, due to the 4F9/2→4I15/2 transition of Er3+. Based on the generation of red, green, and blue emissions in the different doped Lu2O3:RE3+ nanocrystals, it is possible to produce the luminescence with a wide spectrum of colors, including white, by the appropriate doping of Yb3+, Tm3+, and Er3+ in the present Lu2O3 nanocrystals. Namely, Lu2O3:3 %Yb3+/0.2 %Tm3+/0.4 %Er3+ nanocrystals show suitable intensities of blue, green, and red (RGB) emission, resulting in the production of perfect and bright white light with CIE‐x=0.3456 and CIE‐y=0.3179, which is very close to the standard equal energy white light illuminate (x=0.33, y=0.33). Because of abundant luminescent colors from RGB to white in Lu2O3:Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ nanocrystals under 980 nm laser diode (LD) excitation, they can potentially be used as fluorophores in the field of color displays, back light, UC lasers, photonics, and biomedicine.
Compartment‐specific regulation of plasma membrane calcium ATPase type 2 in the chick auditory brainstem
Authors: Wang Yuan , Cunningham Dale E. , Tempel Bruce L , Rubel Edwin W 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCalcium signaling plays a role in synaptic regulation of dendritic structure, usually on the time scale of hours or days. Here we use immunocytochemistry to examine changes in expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPase type 2 (PMCA2), a high‐affinity calcium efflux protein, in the chick nucleus laminaris (NL) following manipulations of synaptic inputs. Dendrites of NL neurons segregate into dorsal and ventral domains, receiving excitatory input from the ipsilateral and contralateral ears, respectively, via nucleus magnocellularis (NM). Deprivation of the contralateral projection from NM to NL leads to rapid retraction of ventral, but not the dorsal, dendrites of NL neurons. Immunocytochemistry revealed symmetric distribution of PMCA2 in two neuropil regions of normally innervated NL. Electron microscopy confirmed that PMCA2 localizes in both NM terminals and NL dendrites. As early as 30 minutes after transection of the contralateral projection from NM to NL or unilateral cochlea removal, significant decreases in PMCA2 immunoreactivity were seen in the deprived neuropil of NL compared with the other neuropil that continued to receive normal input. The rapid decrease correlated with reductions in the immunoreactivity for microtubule‐associated protein 2, which affects cytoskeleton stabilization. These results suggest that PMCA2 is regulated independently in ventral and dorsal NL dendrites and/or their inputs from NM in a way that is correlated with presynaptic activity. This provides a potential mechanism by which deprivation can change calcium transport that, in turn, may be important for rapid, compartment‐specific dendritic remodeling. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:624–640, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the hypoglossal nerve: Evidence that neurotrophic factors do not use MVBs for retrograde axonal transport
Authors: Altick Amy L. , Baryshnikova Larisa M. , Vu Tania Q. , von Bartheld Christopher S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMultivesicular bodies (MVBs) are defined by multiple internal vesicles enclosed within an outer, limiting membrane. MVBs have previously been quantified in neuronal cell bodies and in dendrites, but their frequencies and significance in axons are controversial. Despite lack of conclusive evidence, it is widely believed that MVBs are the primary organelle that carries neurotrophic factors in axons. Reliable information about axonal MVBs under physiological and pathological conditions is needed for a realistic assessment of their functional roles in neurons. We provide a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of MVBs in the normal postnatal rat hypoglossal nerve and under a variety of experimental conditions. MVBs were about 50 times less frequent in axons than in neuronal cell bodies or dendrites. Five distinct types of MVBs were distinguished in axons, based on MVB size, electron density, and size of internal vesicles. Although target manipulations did not significantly change MVBs in axons, dystrophic conditions such as delayed fixation substantially increased the number of axonal MVBs. Radiolabeled brain‐ and glial‐cell derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) injected into the tongue did not accumulate during retrograde axonal transport in MVBs, as determined by quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography, and confirmed by analysis of quantum dot‐labeled BDNF. We conclude that for axonal transport, neurotrophic factors utilize small vesicles or endosomes that can be inconspicuous at transmission electron microscopic resolution, rather than MVBs. Previous reports of axonal MVBs may be based, in part, on artificial generation of such organelles in axons due to dystrophic conditions. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:641–657, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conditional ablation and recovery of forebrain neurogenesis in the mouse
Authors: Singer Benjamin H. , Jutkiewicz Emily M. , Fuller Cynthia L. , Lichtenwalner Robin J. , Zhang Helen , Velander Alan J. , Li Xiangquan , Gnegy Margaret E. , Burant Charles F. , Parent Jack M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractForebrain neurogenesis persists throughout life in the rodent subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Several strategies have been employed to eliminate adult neurogenesis and thereby determine whether depleting adult‐born neurons disrupts specific brain functions, but some approaches do not specifically target neural progenitors. We have developed a transgenic mouse line to reversibly ablate adult neural stem cells and suppress neurogenesis. The nestin‐tk mouse expresses herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) under the control of the nestin 2nd intronic enhancer, which drives expression in neural progenitors. Administration of ganciclovir (GCV) kills actively dividing cells expressing this transgene. We found that peripheral GCV administration suppressed SVZ‐olfactory bulb and DG neurogenesis within 2 weeks but caused systemic toxicity. Intracerebroventricular GCV infusion for 28 days nearly completely depleted proliferating cells and immature neurons in both the SVZ and DG without systemic toxicity. Reversibility of the effects after prolonged GCV infusion was slow and partial. Neurogenesis did not recover 2 weeks after cessation of GCV administration, but showed limited recovery 6 weeks after GCV that differed between the SVZ and DG. Suppression of neurogenesis did not inhibit antidepressant responsiveness of mice in the tail suspension test. These findings indicate that SVZ and DG neural stem cells differ in their capacity for repopulation, and that adult‐born neurons are not required for antidepressant responses in a common behavioral test of antidepressant efficacy. The nestin‐tk mouse should be useful for studying how reversible depletion of adult neurogenesis influences neurophysiology, other behaviors, and neural progenitor dynamics. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:567–582, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of birth weight in boys and girls
Authors: Voldner Nanna , Frey Frøslie Kathrine , Godang Kristin , Bollerslev Jens , Henriksen Tore 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBoys are heavier at birth than girls, but girls have higher fat mass at birth than boys. Insulin action may play an important role of this different distribution. Animal models have shown that female offspring are more sensitive to maternal feeding and glucose values during pregnancy and weaning than male offspring. Newborn girls have higher insulin and proinsulin concentrations and total proinsulin‐to‐insulin ratios in cord blood than boys, despite lighter birth weight. In a cohort of 522 newborn above 37 gestational weeks we split between the sexes and studied associations between birth weights, parental anthropometrics and fasting maternal plasma glucose and insulin levels. Boys weighed 184g more than girls, they were 1.1 cm longer and head circumference differed by 0.86 (all p values <0.01). Multiple linear regressions showed that parity, maternal body mass index, gestational age and maternal birth weight were associated with birth weight for both sexes, whereas maternal weight gain in pregnancy and maternal fasting plasma glucose at week 30‐32 were significantly associated with birth weight for girls only. The effect of fasting plasma glucose on birth weight in girls was twice as high as in boys (B=162, 95% CI 33.4‐291, p=0.01). Paternal birth weight was significantly associated with birth weight of boys, but no such association was seen for girls. This supports the notion that there is a genetic regulation along the male line. Girls may be more sensitive to intrauterine environment and maternal glucose values, as these have a stronger influence on birth weight of girls.
Peer‐review for the peer‐review system
Authors: Rühli Frank J. , Finnegan Michael , Hershkovitz Israel , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe process of peer‐review of papers submitted for publication and of grant proposals is widely accepted in modern science as a crucial guarantee of high‐quality work. Foremost in restricted research areas, anonymous reviewers and editors may use their power to slow down or even reject competitive yet worthwhile work that does not fit or is questioning their own dogmas. This potential “peers” conflict of interest of may be particularly expressed in areas where empirical proofs of findings are de facto impossible, e.g. in physical anthropology. An example, two‐way anonymous (double‐blind) peer‐review process improves the overall quality of evaluation but it is hard to implement in a highly specialized research field. Yet, the introduction of a completely open peer‐review policy would most likely be supported by the overwhelming majority of reviewers. Furthermore, it may increase the overall quality of peer‐review with reviewers to have their name acknowledged. Science should be about the possibility of advertising fresh concepts on evidence‐based results in a non‐biased, egalitarian, and open way with transparency the prime goal of editing such scientific discourse. By raising our foremost concerns and, hopefully, by the implementation of the proposed policy, we believe that these stated goals can be achieved, thus enhancing the true purpose of peer review particularly in the complex situation of scientific niches.
Proteomic analysis of striatal neuronal cell cultures after morphine administration
Authors: Bodzon‐Kulakowska Anna , Suder Piotr , Mak Pawel , Bierczynska‐Krzysik Anna , Lubec Gert , Walczak Beata , Kotlinska Jolanta , Silberring Jerzy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUsing primary neuronal cell culture assays, combined with 2‐D gel electrophoresis and capillary LC–MS, we identified differences in proteomes between control and morphine‐treated cells. Statistically significant differences were observed among 26 proteins. Nineteen of them were up‐regulated, while seven were down‐regulated in morphine‐treated cell populations. The identified proteins belong to classes involved in energy metabolism, associated with oxidative stress, linked with protein biosynthesis, cytoskeletal ones, and chaperones. The detected proteins demand further detailed studies of their biological roles in morphine addiction. It is crucial to confirm observed processes in vivo in order to reveal the nature and importance of the biological effect of proteome changes after morphine administration. Further investigations may lead to the discovery of new proteome‐based effects of morphine on living organisms.