bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#537 Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits: effects of pretreatment on posttransplant outcomes
Authors: El Ters Mireille , Daum Joshua , Barbir Elena-Bianca , Nasr Samih , Leung Nelson , Amer Hatem , Said Samar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) has a poor renal prognosis and a high rate of recurrence after kidney transplantation, up to 90%, typically within the first-year post-transplant. Nearly 50% of patients lose their renal allograft within 3 years of recurrence. It has been suggested that pretreatment therapy (with B cell depleting or plasma-cell directed therapy) can help prevent recurrence or modulate the course of disease post-transplant.
The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of pretreatment therapy given within 6 months prior to kidney transplant on outcomes including PGNMID recurrence and all cause graft loss.

Method
Between 1996 and 2022, a total of 28 patients with biopsy-proven PGNMID as the cause of end stage kidney disease received a total of 31 kidney transplants. All patients had at least one year of follow-up data, for all but one patient this included surveillance kidney transplant biopsies completed at our center. Recurrence was defined histologically by immunofluorescence finding of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits, independent of other histological or clinical parameters. The incidence of recurrence and all cause graft loss were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plots.

Results
Median age of patients at transplant was 57 years, 87% were white, 65% were male, 74% received living donor transplant, 59% received thymoglobulin induction, 81% received maintenance with tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and prednisone. Median follow up time was 80 months. A total of 9 patients received pretreatment within 6 months of transplant, 8 received Rituximab and one received Daratumumab. The pretreatment group was generally younger at transplant (53 years vs 57 years) and had a shorter median follow up time (65 months vs 96.5 months), but neither were statistically significant. Overall recurrence rate was 78% for pretreatment and 91% for control, though difference in time to recurrence was not statistically significant (Fig. 1). The difference in all cause graft loss between groups was not statistically significant, however, none in the pretreatment group had graft loss by 60 months (Fig. 2). One patient who received daratumumab had no recurrence by 1 year post-transplant.

Conclusion
In kidney transplant recipients with PGNMID, pretreatment (primarily with rituximab) may be modulating the post-transplant course of disease. Further studies are needed to determine the extent of this effect and if plasma-cell directed vs B-cell directed therapy may be superior.
#2665 Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in living kidney donors (LKD): time for a new “surgical” classification system?
Authors: Trevisani Francesco , Floris Matteo , Trepiccione Francesco , Capasso Giovambattista , Pani Antonello , Trevisani Francesco , Rigotti Paolo , Furian Lucrezia , Angioi Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represent two significant complications in patients who undergo radical (RN) nephrectomy in oncological patients. However, Living kidney donors (LKD) undergo a similar surgery, but kidney dysfunctions are rare. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of AKI and CKD in a consecutive cohort of LKD.

Method
This multi-institutional study involved 256 kidney donors who performed RN between 2014 and 2021 in four tertiary care hospitals. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline pre-surgery, six months after surgery, and then every 12 months for a five-year follow-up. eGFR was calculated with the CKD-EPI equation. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Results
Descriptive analysis is reported in Table 1. Of note, the rate of AKI was high (85%), even though it was 100% of stage 1. At 12 months, LKD missed 27.9 ± 19.67 ml/min/1.73 m2, persisting stable at 60 months. 26% of patients developed CKD stage GIII, and 10% of patients lost about 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 from the baseline eGFR (Fig. 1 and Tables 1 and 2). The multivariate analysis (logistic regression) showed that age had a direct correlation with the risk of AKI (OR 1.057, p = 0.019), while the female sex was inversely correlated (OR 0.180, p = 0.006); on the other hand, age had a direct correlation with the risk of CKD (OR 1.15, p = 0.001), as well as eGFR before the surgery (OR 1,053, p = 0.027).

Conclusion
AKI and CKD affected a non-negligible percentage of LKD. However, it is remarkable that most LKD had a medium final eGFR &gt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 due to a healthy solitary kidney that worked properly, increasing its function by about 30% of its baseline capacity.
#1134 Molecular rejection phenotype patterns differentiate between probable AMR, DSA-negative microvascular inflammation, and AMR
Authors: Schmid Nicolas , Baumgartner Annina , Weidmann Lukas , Bortel Nicolà , Korach Raphael , Lopez Kai Castrezana , Harmacek Dusan , Rho Elena , George Britta , Von Moos Seraina , Schachtner Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Biopsy-based transcripts associated with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) hold promise as substitutes for C4d positivity, according to the latest Banff Meeting Report of 2022. However, patterns and strength of rejection phenotype scores remain inadequately studied within the new subgroups along the AMR continuum.

Method
We analyzed 365 kidney allograft biopsies by histology and the Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System (MMDx) at the University Hospital of Zurich from July 2021 to November 2023. Histologic findings were classified according to Banff 2022 into (1) probable AMR (n = 32), (2) donor-specific antibodies (DSA)-negative C4d-negative microvascular inflammation (MVI, n = 32), and (3) AMR (n = 60). A control group of 118 cases without MVI was used for comparison.

Results
10 out of 32 cases (31%) with probable AMR, 20 of 32 cases (63%) with DSA-negative C4d-negative MVI, and 31 of 60 cases (52%) with AMR showed molecular AMR. Among cases with molecular AMR the sum of the TCMR-related (R2) and late-stage AMR-related (R6) phenotype scores was significantly higher in probable AMR and DSA-negative MVI cases compared to AMR cases (p = 0.029). In contrast, the sum of the mixed rejection (R3), early-stage AMR (R4), fully-developed AMR (R5) phenotype scores was higher in AMR compared to probable AMR (p = 0.063). Among cases without molecular AMR the all AMR phenotype score was significantly higher in AMR and DSA-negative MVI compared to probable AMR and the control group without MVI (p = 0.012, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results identify different molecular rejection phenotype patterns between cases with probable AMR, DSA-negative MVI, and AMR. Sub-threshold findings appear relevant along the AMR continuum.
#2047 Trough-level guided dosing is reliable for mycophenolate mofetil but not for enteric-coated mycophenolic sodium
Authors: Von Moos Seraina , Rho Elena , Lopez Kai Castrezana , Weidmann Lukas , George Britta , Pfister Susan , Schachtner Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
While trough level (TL) guided dosing is usus for calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolic acid (MPA) was marketed as a one-size-fits-all drug. TL has been reported to be a poor surrogate marker of MPA exposure by reason of complex pharmacokinetics. Measurement of area under the curve (AUC) remains the gold-standard for MPA dosing.

Method
We measured MPA TL and AUC in 299 KTRs at the University Hospital of Zurich. KTRs with agreement between TL and AUC target range of 40-60 mg/Lxh were compared to KTRs with missing agreement between TL and AUC for differences regarding baseline characteristics and co-medication.

Results
For mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, n = 218) a high correlation between TL and AUC was observed, p &lt; 0.0001, r = 0.85, while correlation was only low for enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS, n = 81), p = 0.002, r = 0.34, Fig. 1. However, a high correlation between MPA level 4 hours after EC-MPS intake (C4L) and AUC was found, p &lt; 0.0001, r = 0.94. ROC analysis defined an MMF-TL range of &gt;2.05 mg/l (sensitivity 68%, specificity 89%) and &lt;3.05 mg/l (sensitivity 70%, specificity 81%) correlating with an AUC of 40-60 mg/Lxh. Lack of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) use was significantly associated with incorrect classification (n = 71/218). For EC-MPS C4L a range of &gt;1.25 mg/l (sensitivity 98, specificity 100) and &lt;4.4 mg/l (sensitivity 93, specificity 91) was defined for an AUC of 40-60 mg/Lxh. Here, non-tacrolimus-based immunosuppression was significantly associated with incorrect classification (n = 7/81).

Conclusion
MMF dosing according to TL highly correlates with AUC especially in KTRs treated with PPI. In contrast, EC-MPS dosing according to C4L is preferred especially in context of tacrolimus-based immunosuppression.
Criminal Justice, Artificial Intelligence, and Liberal Democracy
Authors: Miller Seumas , Bossomaier Terry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ethical issues have arisen in the criminal justice context as a result of organized crime making use of high-level encryption, the Dark Web, and other cybertechnologies. However, these new technologies have also resulted in the development of a whole range of new law enforcement tools. This is turn has given rise to ethical problems such as those that have arisen as a result of law enforcement’s use of bulk databases, machine-learning techniques, and so on. Moreover, we need to look at these issues through the lens of the moral rights and principles constitutive of liberal democracy. The ethical issues addressed include ones in predictive policing, machine-learning-based legal adjudications, universal DNA databases, and facial-recognition technology. We conclude with a set of ethical guidelines for resolving some of the main issues.
Cyberconflict
Authors: Miller Seumas , Bossomaier Terry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cyberconflict can take place between nation-states, take various forms (e.g., cognitive warfare), and involve the use of cyberweapons (e.g., autonomous weapons). Cyberconflict is characteristically a species of covert political action and can be conducted with conventional warfare (e.g., Russia’s invasion of Ukraine). Cyberconflict should be conducted in accordance with moral principles, such as discrimination (i.e., avoiding the deliberate harming of innocents), necessity, and proportionality. However, the application of these principles in cyberspace differs from conventional warfare. A principle of reciprocity in the service of the collective good of global cybersecurity has application to cyberconflict. Regarding fully autonomous weapons (i.e., so-called human-out-of-the-loop weapons), they should be prohibited in most, if not all, circumstances.
The Metaphysics of Musical Structure
Authors: Kane Brian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Music theorists and philosophers of music often consider a performance of a jazz standard to be based on a preexisting structure. By reproducing a structure’s necessary properties, performances are considered as valid instances of musical works. Stephen Davies’s version of this argument, which thinks of jazz standards as musical works that are “thin” in essential properties, is discussed in some detail. This view depends on a traditional, metaphysical view of structure as permanent and incorrigible. This chapter introduces the idea that structures do not precede performances, but rather emerge from a network of performances that are associated with one another. The chapter analyses a network of performances related to the standard song “In the Mood,” most famously associated with Glenn Miller. By considering structures as emerging from networks of performances, it becomes possible to offer an account of the corrigibility (or changeability) of musical works.
Wicked Problems
Authors: Schofield John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces some of the key concepts that will be used and explains how they have been used in the past. For example, what are wicked problems, what makes them wicked, and why is this a suitable framework for addressing the purpose and potential of archaeology? Similarly for small wins: what are small wins and how might this framework translate into archaeology and heritage practice? The chapter will discuss the role and purpose of archaeology in the contemporary world, emphasizing that archaeology is vital for global challenges given the deep-time perspective it brings. The author suggests that archaeologists have superpowers that render the subject essential within these areas of research and discourse. Finally, the chapter introduces the suggestion that archaeology needs policy entrepreneurs to promote the results of archaeological research in ways that will help society to understand and mitigate these wicked problems.
Environmental Pollution
Authors: Schofield John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers environmental pollution. It focuses on plastics but other topics are also addressed, such as nuclear waste. Here archaeology is presented more in terms of its methods and the opportunities these methods provide for public engagement, creating the possibility of both cleaning up existing pollution while also influencing people’s perceptions and behaviours in order to reduce future impacts. The chapter then presents plastic pollution as a wicked problem, before proceeding to the example of current fieldwork in Galápagos, where plastics are being addressed as material culture in order to better understand its sources. It also describes recent work undertaken on COVID waste and the benefits of undertaking citizen-science work. A section on nuclear waste and environmental ruin in the American Midwest follows. The chapter discusses the benefits of small wins, emphasizing also the advantages of archaeology forming part of multi- and transdisciplinary collaborations.
Social Injustice
Authors: Schofield John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 addresses the wicked problem of social injustice. It begins with a definition and an outline of some of the ways social injustice has been researched and managed as a wicked problem. The chapter recognizes specific overlaps with that on health and well-being and also on climate change, a key area of social injustice on a global scale. It refers to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the 2005 Faro Convention, which aligns people’s right to heritage with UDHR. Also relevant here are policy documents from heritage-sector organizations that refer to and stress the need to engage with diversity, inclusion, and equality. The chapter’s final sections describe and critically examine some of the projects where archaeology and heritage practice have directly attempted to engage social injustices. In the examples given, focus is given to projects around homelessness and other hard-to-reach communities.
The World’s Evils Are Logically Compatible with God’s Existence
Authors: Swinburne Richard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Our parents and the State have significant rights to curtail many of our rights. God, as the ultimate source of everything good, has a far greater right to curtail our ordinary rights. However, the rights of parents and the State are subject to two restrictions—they must remain on balance our benefactors, and never impose harm on anyone unless it is necessary for their well-being or that of others. God’s rights are subject to the same restrictions. God can always satisfy the first restriction for someone whose life on earth is on balance bad, by giving them a good life after death; but the second restriction severely limits what he can do. Among the great goods of human life are that it is up to us by our choices whether others flourish or suffer, and that we form our own character; some of these choices are open both to those who can cause suffering and to those who suffer. Horrendous evils provide choices of enormous significance for humans.
Response to Sterba’s Response
Authors: Swinburne Richard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although parents or the State ought never to permit certain evils, God may be justified in permitting them, since he has far greater rights over us, and far greater power to compensate us. The difference between ‘horrendous’ and ‘significant’ evils is a matter of degree. Sterba allows that it might be good for God to give us a choice of whether or not to seek to cause great evils, but claims that God should prevent our bad choices from having any effects. But T this would deprive our free will of what is most valuable about it. If the State were to take very serious measures to abolish great social evils, those measures would abolish great goods. Although God could take measures unavailable to the State, those measures would abolish similar goods. Animals probably do not suffer nearly as much as humans; their availability to lesser suffering makes possible lesser benefits, such that God is justified in allowing their suffering.
Dignity, Vulnerability, and the Anti-Torture Norm
Authors: O’Rourke Maeve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of dignity as an interpretive concept in the anti-torture doctrinal framework. It also considers the relationship between dignity and vulnerability. The chapter’s review of legal–philosophical literature highlights the contested nature of the concept of dignity while identifying widespread acceptance of the concept’s fundamental connection with the rule against torture and ill-treatment. The chapter takes on the challenge of conceptualizing a dignity violation sufficient in principle (ie assuming the minimum level of severity of suffering is reached) to breach the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment and to prompt state obligations of protection and response. My proposed conception of a dignity violation is an interference with a core aspect of the personality, which the person is situationally powerless to avoid. This conception is deciphered from dignity-focused decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Court of Human Rights, among other literature.
Deprivation of Liberty for ‘Care’
Authors: O’Rourke Maeve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the problem of deprivation of liberty for ‘care’ purposes. It challenges the failure of several human rights treaty bodies and many National Preventive Mechanisms to unequivocally condemn the legally unauthorized ‘care’-based detention and restraint of older people which they are increasingly observing. Using the book’s conception of a dignity violation sufficient in principle to breach the anti-torture norm, and drawing on Articles 12 and 14 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the chapter argues that the idea of regulating older people’s deprivation of liberty with the aim of ‘safeguarding’ individuals from all but ‘strictly necessary’ non-consensual care is a violation of dignity in principle. It is also an invitation for existing systems of coercion to continue in practice. The chapter contends that the anti-torture norm’s positive obligations should be recognized to include a substantive guarantee of consensual care.
Conclusion
Authors: O’Rourke Maeve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This concluding chapter emphasizes the importance of close doctrinal analysis as well as theoretically informed interpretation to realizing the anti-torture norm’s potential to better protect older people from care-related mistreatment. The chapter argues that interpretation and implementation of a new UN Convention on the rights and dignity of older people will require engagement with the existing doctrinal framework making up the rule against torture and ill-treatment in international human rights law.
Group singing and postnatal depression
Authors: Greenwood Lorna , Farquharson Yvonne , Dye Hannah , Perkins Rosie , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 describes the aims, delivery methods, and impact of Breathe Melodies for Mums, a group singing programme for new mothers with symptoms of postnatal depression (PND). Launched in 2017, Breathe Melodies for Mums has now expanded across the United Kingdom and is informing international practice via a training partnership with the World Health Organization. The chapter introduces the research that underpins the programme and provides a comprehensive account of the programme design, values, delivery, and evolution. Recent evaluation and research evidence are presented to explain how and why group singing, both online and in-person, can support people experiencing PND. Implications for practitioners are highlighted throughout, including for music leaders and health professionals.
Online songwriting and postnatal loneliness
Authors: Spiro Neta , Waddell George , Adediran Rosie , Osmond Penny , Tredget Emily , Sharma Sunita , Perkins Rosie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 reports on the co-construction, testing, and evaluation of an online songwriting intervention—Songs from Home—that aimed to reduce loneliness and symptoms of postnatal depression (PND) and enhance social connectedness. The chapter describes the co-construction process and key characteristics of the musical practice, as well as evaluation and research findings. The chapter illuminates how Songs from Home can facilitate four goals—comfort and safety, feelings of achievement, connection, and adapting to individuals—and address loneliness, social connectedness, and symptoms of PND among women in the perinatal period. The chapter concludes by noting that Songs from Home was highly recommended by those who participated in it, with the potential for refinement and scale-up.
Music While You Wait
Authors: Flower Claire , Sharma Sunita , Brown Louise 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 describes the introduction of music therapy services into maternity care within a National Health Service (NHS) Trust in the United Kingdom. Two innovative approaches are discussed: Music While You Wait (MWYW), and Tuning In. MWYW is an environmental music therapy approach, offering live, tailored music within maternity clinic and ward spaces. Tuning In, an online group, evolved in response to restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter provides examples of practice that align with current thinking on musical care and exemplifies emerging approaches in this field to both practice and evaluation. The chapter concludes by commenting on the potential for both music therapy and a broader range of musical practices to contribute to high quality hospital-based maternity care.
Music-listening to support the childbirth experience
Authors: McCaffrey Tríona , Cheung Pui-Sze , Tighe Sylvia Murphy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 starts with a description of music-listening in childbirth, followed by a summary of related outcomes, evidence, and theories to support its use. The impacts of music-listening are illustrated through presentation of two short vignettes based on two women’s personal accounts of giving birth in a public maternity hospital in Ireland. Together these describe the empowering and positive contribution of music-listening to childbirth in ways that directly respond to the women’s wishes, preferences, and overall maternal wellbeing. The chapter concludes with key considerations and practical implications for people giving birth and for healthcare practitioners on optimal use of music-listening in labour, specifically relating to the design and use of a customised playlist for childbirth. The chapter concludes that music-listening can enhance perinatal mental wellbeing as it supports women and birthing people to harness internal resources to face the challenges of childbirth.