bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It’s Going to Go Beyond These Walls”: Toward a More Expansive Vision of Civic Learning
Authors: Rubin Beth C. 
Published: June 2024

Background:Over the past several decades, understandings of civic knowledge and engagement have been enlarged in productive ways; the field has been transformed by contributions rooted in and showcasing critical, cultural, transnational, activist, and participatory approaches to the civic. Civic action research fits neatly amid these new articulations of the civic; multiple studies attest to its potential for creating civic learning experiences that build on young people’s strengths and provide space for critical analysis and informed action. In this social design project, civic action research investigations conducted by youth in communities impacted by structural inequality catalyzed densely interwoven, affectively infused networks of cross-district interaction and action: critical ecologies of civic learning.Focus of Study:This article retheorizes civic learning in light of findings from a research initiative rooted in the question: “How might civic inquiry be used to create school district practices that nurture and integrate the civic voice of youth?”Research Design:In this 18-month-long social design collaboration between a university-based research team and two public school districts in the northeastern United States, youth in five participating schools—two high schools and three middle schools—carried out civic inquiry projects under the guidance of experienced social studies teachers. In these projects, young people examined their communities, selected issues to investigate, designed and carried out research, analyzed data, communicated findings, and took action. Data collected by the adult researchers included observations of club sessions, focus groups with students, interviews with adult stakeholders, and observations of “civic voice events” involving both youth and adults. Interdisciplinary, iterative reading and thematic coding led to the development of the conceptual framework that is the focus of this article.Conclusions or Recommendations:This article illustrates and theorizes critical ecosystems of civic learning. In this project, civic learning was collectively produced rather than vertically transmitted—a joint activity of youth and adults. A historically and structurally situated phenomenon, civic learning was not separable from the resources, assets, and experiences that young people brought with them as civic actors. Civic learning was not bound by the container of the classroom—it moved and flowed across settings, accruing through the interactions of people inhabiting varied perspectives. Finally, civic learning was affective and relational, engaging emotion and fostering connection. Building upon and extending critical and participatory reframings, a critical ecosystems theorization of civic learning can help us to envision deeper, more expansive forms of civic education that support, activate, and empower young people from across a broad spectrum of communities, propelling us toward a more just and inclusive civic future.
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair With Remplissage in Anterior Shoulder Instability Results in Fewer Redislocations Than Bankart Repair Alone at Medium-term Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Woodmass Jarret M. , McRae Sheila , Lapner Peter , Kamikovski Ivan , Jong Benjamin , Old Jason , Marsh Jonathan , Dubberley Jamie , Stranges Greg , Sasyniuk Treny M. , MacDonald Peter B. 
Published: June 2024

Background: A multicenter, double-blinded randomized controlled trial comparing isolated Bankart repair (NO REMP) to Bankart repair with remplissage (REMP) reported benefits of remplissage in reducing recurrent instability at 2 years postoperative. The ongoing benefits beyond this time point are yet to be explored. Purpose: To (1) compare medium-term (3 to 9 years) outcomes of these previously randomized patients undergoing isolated Bankart repair (NO REMP) or Bankart repair with remplissage (REMP) to manage recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability; (2) examine the failure rate, overall recurrent instability, and reoperation rate. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Recruitment and randomization for the original randomized trial occurred between 2011 and 2017. Patients ≥14 years diagnosed with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability with an engaging Hill-Sachs defect of any size were included. Those with a glenoid defect >15% were excluded. In 2020, participants were contacted by telephone and asked standardized questions regarding ensuing instances of subluxation, dislocation, or reoperation on their study shoulder. “Failure” was defined as a redislocation, and “overall recurrent instability” was described as a redislocation or ≥2 subluxations. Descriptive statistics, relative risk, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses were performed. Results: A total of 108 participants were randomized, of whom 50 in the NO REMP group and 52 in the REMP group were included in the analyses in the original study. The mean number of months from surgery to the final follow-up was 49.3 and 53.8 months for the NO REMP and REMP groups, respectively. Failure rates were 22% (11/50) in the NO REMP group versus 8% (4/52) in the REMP group. Rates of overall recurrent instability were 30% (15/50) in the NO REMP group versus 10% (5/52) in the REMP group. Survival curves were significantly different, favoring REMP in both scenarios. Conclusion: For the treatment of traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability with a Hill-Sachs lesion and subcritical glenoid bone loss (<15%), a significantly lower rate of overall postoperative recurrent instability was observed with arthroscopic Bankart repair and remplissage than with isolated Bankart repair at a medium-term follow-up (mean of 4 years). Patients who did not receive a remplissage experienced a failure (redislocated) earlier and had a higher rate of revision/reoperation than those who received a concomitant remplissage. Registration: NCT01324531 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Investigation of scarf-patch-repaired radar-absorbing composite using circuit-analog absorbers subjected to low-velocity impact loads
Authors: Noh Ji-Sub , Noh Yeong-Deok , Ha Ji-Hwan , Nam Young-Woo , Kwak Byeong-Su 
Published: June 2024

This study quantitatively evaluated the changes in the electromagnetic-wave-absorption performance of a circuit-analog (CA) absorber based on the applied impact energy. An electromagnetic simulation was employed to design a CA absorber with superior absorption efficacy within the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) spectrum. Based on this design, a CA absorber was fabricated using glass-fiber-reinforced plastic and a periodic pattern sheet (PPS). The damage to the CA absorbers was simulated through low-velocity impact tests at various energies, and their electromagnetic-wave-absorption degradation was quantified via return loss measurements. A scarf-patch repair method for the CA absorber was developed and applied to repair damaged absorber with the aim of reinstating their absorption performance, which was deteriorated by damage. Absorption performance evaluations of the repaired absorber confirmed that the proposed repair method can substantially restore the absorption performance. Additionally, simulations of the proposed repair method were used to enhance the understanding of the effects of the pattern mismatch and use of external ply within the PPS at the boundary line, which influence the effectiveness of the repair process.
Evaluation of Empiric Coverage of Previously Cultured Multidrug Resistant Organisms in Critically Ill Patients Admitted for Sepsis
Authors: Padgett Cassidy H. , King G. Shawn , Hughes R. Ethan , Hull Megan N. , Colon Eliseo A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are associated with an increased length of stay and a higher risk of mortality in hospitalized patients. A lack of literature exists that evaluates the need to empirically cover patients for historic MDROs upon readmission. Methods: A retrospective, single-center, cohort study was conducted to evaluate the impact of empiric MDRO antibiotic coverage in patients with a history of MDROs. Differences in length of stay were assessed between two groups of patients: those empirically treated for their historic MDRO and those not. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, ICU length of stay, need for antibiotic escalation, need for antibiotic de-escalation, and antibiotic duration. Results: Seventy-two patients with historic MDRO(s) were readmitted to the hospital and met inclusion criteria for this study. Hospital length of stay was similar between those empirically covered and those not (11 days vs 15.1 days; P = 0.149). When analyzed in a population only including Gram-negative MDROs, hospital length of stay was shorter in those who received empiric coverage (10.7 days vs 17.2 days; P = 0.032). Conclusion: In the total study population, empiric coverage of historic MDROs failed to significantly reduce hospital length of stay. When analyzed in a population of only Gram-negative MDROs, empiric coverage of historic organisms reduced hospital length of stay by 6.5 days. This suggests that in patients readmitted to the ICU for sepsis, empiric coverage of historic Gram-negative MDROs may be beneficial.
Prognostic Factors for Recurrent Glioma: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Fu Pengfei , Shen Jingjing , Song Kun , Xu Ming , Zhou Zhirui , Xu Hongzhi 
Published: June 2024

Background: The overall survival (OS) for patients with recurrent glioma is meager. Also, the effect of radionecrosis and prognostic factors for recurrent glioma remains controversial. In this regard, developing effective predictive models and guiding clinical care is crucial for these patients. Methods: We screened patients with recurrent glioma after radiotherapy and those who received surgery between August 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses determined the independent prognostic factors affecting the prognosis of recurrent glioma. Moreover, nomograms were constructed to predict recurrent glioma risk and prognosis. Statistical methods were used to determine the prediction accuracy and discriminability of the nomogram prediction model based on the area under the curve (AUC), the C-index, the decision curve analysis (DCA), and the calibration curve. In order to distinguish high-risk and low-risk groups for OS, the X-Tile and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves were employed, and the nomogram prediction model was further validated by the X-Tile and K-M survival curves. Results: According to a Cox regression analysis, independent prognostic factors of recurrent glioma after radiotherapy with radionecrosis were World Health Organization (WHO) grade and gliosis percentage. We utilized a nomogram prediction model to analyze results visually. The C-index was 0.682 (95% CI: 0.616–0.748). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, calibration plots, and DCA, the nomogram prediction model was found to have a high-performance ability, and all patients were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups based on OS ( P < .001). Conclusion: WHO grade and gliosis percentage are prognostic factors for recurrent glioma with radionecrosis, and a nomogram prediction model was established based on these two variables. Patients could be divided into high- and low-risk groups with different OS by this model, and it will provide individualized clinical decisions for future treatment.
Comparing the Efficacy of Acupressure and Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality in Patients With Leukemia: A Comparative Clinical Trial
Authors: Parizad Naser , Hassanpour Amireh , Goli Rasoul , Khalkhali Hamidreza , Nozad Aysan 
Published: June 2024

Background: Among leukemia patients, sleep disruptions are prevalent and can profoundly affect their overall quality of life. Acupressure and foot reflexology, modalities rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, have garnered attention for their potential to address sleep disturbances and mitigate associated symptoms. Methods: This research utilized a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design involving 102 leukemia patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. Participants were randomly allocated to 3 groups: acupressure (n = 34), reflexology (n = 34), or control (n = 34). Prior to the intervention, patients completed a demographic survey and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for baseline assessments. Acupressure involved stimulation of the SP6 point twice daily for 10 minutes over 4 weeks, while reflexology entailed daily 10-minute sessions with sweet almond oil on the soles for the same duration. The control group received standard care without additional interventions. Following the 4-week intervention period, post-intervention evaluations were conducted using identical measurement tools. Results: The findings underscored the efficacy of both acupressure and foot reflexology in significantly improving sleep quality within the intervention groups ( P < .001). Initially, there were no notable differences in sleep quality among the 3 groups ( P > .05). Subsequently, pairwise comparisons adjusted with Bonferroni corrections revealed significant disparities in sleep quality between the acupressure and reflexology groups compared to the control group ( P < .001). However, post-intervention analysis indicated no statistically significant variance in enhancing sleep quality between the acupressure and foot reflexology groups ( P < .05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that acupressure and foot reflexology interventions can enhance sleep quality in individuals with leukemia. These findings support the effectiveness of these complementary modalities, offering targeted relief and relaxation. While these non-invasive therapies show promise in improving well-being, further research is needed to confirm and expand upon these results due to study limitations.
Actual and Imagined Music-Cued Gait Training in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Double-Blind Randomized Parallel Multicenter Trial
Authors: Seebacher Barbara , Helmlinger Birgit , Pinter Daniela , Heschl Bettina , Ehling Rainer , Hechenberger Stefanie , Reindl Markus , Khalil Michael , Enzinger Christian , Deisenhammer Florian , Brenneis MD Christian 
Published: June 2024

Background Actual and imagined cued gait trainings have not been compared in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To analyze the effects of cued motor imagery (CMI), cued gait training (CGT), and combined CMI and cued gait training (CMI-CGT) on motor, cognitive, and emotional functioning, and health-related quality of life in people with MS. Methods In this double-blind randomized parallel-group multicenter trial, people with MS were randomized (1:1:1) to CMI, CMI-CGT, or CGT for 30 minutes, 4×/week for 4 weeks. Patients practiced at home, using recorded instructions, and supported by ≥6 phone calls. Data were collected at weeks 0, 4, and 13. Co-primary outcomes were walking speed and distance, analyzed by intention-to-treat. Secondary outcomes were global cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, suicidality, fatigue, HRQoL, motor imagery ability, music-induced motivation, pleasure and arousal, self-efficacy, and cognitive function. Adverse events and falls were continuously monitored. Results Of 1559 screened patients, 132 were randomized: 44 to CMI, 44 to CMI-CGT, and 44 to CGT. None of the interventions demonstrated superiority in influencing walking speed or distance, with negligible effects on walking speed (η2 = 0.019) and distance (η2 = 0.005) observed in the between-group comparison. Improvements in walking speed and walking distance over time corresponded to large effects for CMI, CMI-CGT, and CGT (η2 = 0.348 and η2 = 0.454 respectively). No severe study-related adverse events were reported. Conclusions CMI-GT did not lead to improved walking speed and distance compared with CMI and CGT alone in people with MS. Lack of a true control group represents a study limitation. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00023978.
Is Workload Associated With Oblique Injuries in Professional Baseball Players?
Authors: Chalmers Peter N. , Mcelheny Kathryn , D’Angelo John , Ma Kevin , Rowe Dana , Erickson Brandon J. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Oblique strains have become a common injury among professional baseball players. The influence of player workload on oblique strains remains unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine whether workload is a risk factor for oblique strains in professional baseball players. We hypothesized that fewer days of rest, more innings pitched/fielded per game, and more batters faced/plate appearances per game would significantly increase a player's risk of sustaining an oblique strain. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All professional baseball players who sustained an oblique strain between 2011 and 2017 were identified using the Major League Baseball Health and Injury Tracking System. A separate dataset of player usage—days of rest per game, innings pitched or fielded per game, and batters faced or plate appearances per game—was used to determine the workload. We compared these usage variables between player games ≤2, ≤6, ≤12, and >12 weeks before a documented oblique strain with player games from a control group of players with no oblique strains. In a paired analysis, we compared acute (player games ≤2, ≤6, and ≤12 weeks preinjury) versus chronic (player games >12 weeks preinjury) workloads. Results: There were 311 oblique strains in pitchers and 392 oblique strains in position players during the study period. In pitchers, more innings pitched and more batters faced were associated with a subsequent oblique strain ( P < .001 for all). In position players, fewer days of rest, more innings fielded, and more plate appearances were associated with a subsequent oblique strain ( P < .001 for all). Pitchers who pitched ≥7 innings per game had a 2.4-fold (95% CI, 1.4-4.9) increased risk of subsequent oblique strain compared with those who pitched 1 inning per game. The percentage of position players with a subsequent oblique strain increased by 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.3-3.5) with >4 plate appearances compared with 1 plate appearance per game. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated that workload was associated with an increased risk of sustaining an oblique injury in professional baseball players. High workload over time was more predictive of oblique strains compared to acute increases over chronic baseline workload.
High Anticholinergic Burden and Dental Caries: Findings from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Tiisanoja A. , Anttonen V. , Syrjälä A.-M. , Ylöstalo P. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Anticholinergic drugs propose a threat for oral health by causing dry mouth. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether a high anticholinergic burden was associated with the presence of initial caries lesions, manifested caries lesions, dental fillings, or tooth loss among 46-y-old people. Methods: The study population consisted of 1,906 participants from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 who underwent an oral health examination in 2012–2013. Socioeconomic and medical data were collected from questionnaires, medical records, and national registers. Nine previously published anticholinergic scales were combined and used to measure the high anticholinergic burden from the participants’ medication data. Cariological status was determined according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System, and the number of missing teeth (excluding third molars) was used as an indicator for tooth loss. The decayed, missing, and filled surfaces index was used to depict caries experience. Negative binominal regression models were used to estimate prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) and confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Fourteen percent of the participants (n = 276) used at least 1 anticholinergic drug and about 3% had a high anticholinergic burden (n = 61). After adjusting for confounding factors, participants with a high anticholinergic burden had a higher likelihood of having manifested carious lesions needing restorative treatment (PRR, 1.60; CI, 1.11–2.29) and more missing teeth (PRR, 1.59; CI, 1.13–2.24) when compared to participants without any or with a lower anticholinergic burden. Conclusions: High anticholinergic burden was associated with a present caries experience and with tooth loss among the general middle-aged population. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this study suggest that middle-aged patients with a high anticholinergic burden may have a heightened risk of dental caries. These patients may benefit from targeted caries preventive regimes.
Social Inequities in Access to Dental Care in Australian Adults over Time
Authors: Jamieson L.M. , Luzzi L. , Mejia G.C. , Chrisopoulos S. , Ju X. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Social inequities in dental caries are reflected by both inequities in the social structures that contribute to disease severity and inequities in the provision of dental care. This study aimed to describe social differentials in the dental caries experience among Australian adults across a 13-y period and to examine if the highest magnitude of oral health inequities persisted across dental caries prevalence (decayed teeth [DT]) or its management (missing teeth [MT], filled teeth [FT]). Methods: Data were from 2 population-based cross-sectional surveys of Australian adult oral health conducted in 2004–2006 (National Survey of Adult Oral Health–1 [NSAOH-1], n = 5,505) and 2017–2018 (NSAOH-2, n = 5,022). In each survey, representative samples of adults were obtained through a 3-stage, stratified sample design within metropolitan and regional areas in each state/territory. Clinical outcomes included the prevalence and mean of DT, MT, FT, and DMFT. Equivalized household income was grouped into approximately quartiles from low to high. Results: Across all income quartiles, the mean DT and % DT >0 was higher in NSAOH-2 than in NSAOH-1. The increase in prevalence was highest in the third highest income group (prevalence difference [PD] = 8.4, from 24.1 to 32.5). Similarly, % MT >0 was lower in NSAOH-2 than in NSAOH-1 across all income groups, with the decrease most marked for the lowest income group (PD = −6.5, from 74.1 to 67.8). Across all income quartiles, % FT >0 was lower in NSAOH-2 than in NSAOH-1. The decrease was the most marked for the lowest income group (PD = −8.9, from 81.1 to 72.2). Conclusion: The findings confirm that although oral health inequities decreased for the most extreme management outcome of dental caries (MT), inequities increased for experience of that disease (DT) and the more conservative management of dental caries (FT). For all D, M, and F components (DMFT), inequities between the lowest and highest household income groups increased from 2004–2006 to 2017–2018. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study found that social inequities in oral health (experience of untreated dental caries and missing teeth) increased between the most socially advantaged and disadvantaged groups between 2004–2006 and 2017–2018. This suggests that models of dental service provision in Australia are increasingly benefitting those who can afford and access the care and who arguably need the services less than their less socially advantaged counterparts do.