bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Assessment of Cognitive Changes Associated With Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer: Impact of Age and Cognitive Reserve
Authors: Ahles Tim A. , Saykin Andrew J. , McDonald Brenna C. , Li Yuelin , Furstenberg Charlotte T. , Hanscom Brett S. , Mulrooney Tamsin J. , Schwartz Gary N. , Kaufman Peter A. 
Published: September 2010

Purpose To examine the impact of age and cognitive reserve on cognitive functioning in patients with breast cancer who are receiving adjuvant treatments. Patients and Methods Patients with breast cancer exposed to chemotherapy (n = 60; mean age, 51.7 years) were evaluated with a battery of neuropsychological and psychological tests before treatment and at 1, 6, and 18 months after treatment. Patients not exposed to chemotherapy (n = 72; mean age, 56.6 years) and healthy controls (n = 45; mean age, 52.9 years) were assessed at matched intervals. Results Mixed-effects modeling revealed significant effects for the Processing Speed and Verbal Ability domains. For Processing Speed, a three-way interaction among treatment group, age, and baseline cognitive reserve (P < .001) revealed that older patients with lower baseline cognitive reserve who were exposed to chemotherapy had lower performance on Processing Speed compared with patients not exposed to chemotherapy (P = .003) and controls (P < .001). A significant group by time interaction for Verbal Ability (P = .01) suggested that the healthy controls and no chemotherapy groups improved over time. The chemotherapy group failed to improve at 1 month after treatment but improved during the last two follow-up assessments. Exploratory analyses suggested a negative effect of tamoxifen on Processing Speed (P = .036) and Verbal Memory (P = .05) in the no-chemotherapy group. Conclusion These data demonstrated that age and pretreatment cognitive reserve were related to post-treatment decline in Processing Speed in women exposed to chemotherapy and that chemotherapy had a short-term impact on Verbal Ability. Exploratory analysis of the impact of tamoxifen suggests that this pattern of results may be due to a combination of chemotherapy and tamoxifen.
Randomized Phase II Window Trial of Two Schedules of Irinotecan With Vincristine in Patients With First Relapse or Progression of Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Mascarenhas Leo , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Breitfeld Philip P. , Walterhouse David O. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Paidas Charles N. , Parham David M. , Anderson James R. , Meyer William H. , Hawkins Douglas S. 
Published: September 2010

Purpose To compare response rates for two schedules of irinotecan with vincristine in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma at first relapse or disease progression. Patients and Methods Patients with first relapse or progression of rhabdomyosarcoma and an unfavorable prognosis were randomly assigned to one of two treatment schedules of irinotecan with vincristine: regimen 1A included irinotecan 20 mg/m2/d intravenously for 5 days at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5 with vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 administered intravenously on day 1 of weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5; regimen 1B included irinotecan 50 mg/m2/d intravenously for 5 days at weeks 1 and 4 with vincristine as in regimen 1A. Disease response was assessed at week 6. Those with responsive disease continued to receive 44 weeks of multiagent chemotherapy that incorporated the assigned irinotecan-vincristine regimen. Results Ninety-two eligible patients were randomly assigned (1A, 45; 1B, 47). Response could be assessed in 89 patients (1A, 42; 1B, 47). There were five complete responses and six partial responses on regimen 1A (response rate, 26%; 95% CI, 16% to 42%) and 17 partial responses on regimen 1B (response rate, 37%; 95% CI, 25% to 51%; P = .36). Neutropenia was less common on regimen 1A (P = .04). One-year failure-free and overall survival rates for regimen 1A were 37% (95% CI, 23% to 51%) and 55% (95% CI, 39% to 69%), respectively, and for 1B, they were 38% (95% CI, 25% to 53%) and 60% (95% CI, 44% to 72%). Conclusion There was no difference in the response rates between the two irinotecan-vincristine schedules. We recommend the shorter, more convenient regimen (1B) for further investigation.
Adjuvant Gemcitabine Alone Versus Gemcitabine-Based Chemoradiotherapy After Curative Resection for Pancreatic Cancer: A Randomized EORTC-40013-22012/FFCD-9203/GERCOR Phase II Study
Authors: Van Laethem Jean-Luc , Hammel Pascal , Mornex Françoise , Azria David , Van Tienhoven Geertjan , Vergauwe Philippe , Peeters Marc , Polus Marc , Praet Michel , Mauer Murielle , Collette Laurence , Budach Volker , Lutz Manfred , Van Cutsem Eric , Haustermans Karin 
Published: September 2010

Purpose The role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in resectable pancreatic cancer is still debated. This randomized phase II intergroup study explores the feasibility and tolerability of a gemcitabine-based CRT regimen after R0 resection of pancreatic head cancer. Patients and Methods Within 8 weeks after surgery, patients were randomly assigned to receive either four cycles of gemcitabine (control arm) or gemcitabine for two cycles followed by weekly gemcitabine with concurrent radiation (50.4 Gy; CRT arm). The primary objective was to exclude a < 60% treatment completion and a > 40% rate of grade 4 hematologic or GI toxicity in the CRT arm with type I and II errors of 10%. Secondary end points were late toxicity, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Between September 2004 and January 2007, 90 patients were randomly assigned (45:45). Patient characteristics were similar in both arms. Treatment was completed per protocol by 86.7% and 73.3% (80% CI, 63.1% to 81.9%; 95% CI, 58.1% to 85.4%) in the control and CRT arms, respectively, and grade 4 toxicity was 0% and 4.7% (two of 43; 80% CI, 1.2% to 11.9%), respectively. In the CRT arm, three patients experienced grade 3–related late toxicity. Median DFS was 12 months in the CRT arm and 11 months in the control arm. Median OS was 24 months in both arms. First local recurrence was less frequent in the CRT arm (11% v 24%). Conclusion Adjuvant gemcitabine-based CRT is feasible, well-tolerated, and not deleterious; adding this treatment to full-dose adjuvant gemcitabine after resection of pancreatic cancer should be evaluated in a phase III trial.
Prenatal and Infant Exposure to Thimerosal From Vaccines and Immunoglobulins and Risk of Autism
Authors: Price Cristofer S. , Thompson William W. , Goodson Barbara , Weintraub Eric S. , Croen Lisa A. , Hinrichsen Virginia L. , Marcy Michael , Robertson Anne , Eriksen Eileen , Lewis Edwin , Bernal Pilar , Shay David , Davis Robert L. , DeStefano Frank 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Exposure to thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative that is used in vaccines and immunoglobulin preparations, has been hypothesized to be associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was designed to examine relationships between prenatal and infant ethylmercury exposure from thimerosal-containing vaccines and/or immunoglobulin preparations and ASD and 2 ASD subcategories: autistic disorder (AD) and ASD with regression.

METHODS:
A case-control study was conducted in 3 managed care organizations (MCOs) of 256 children with ASD and 752 controls matched by birth year, gender, and MCO. ASD diagnoses were validated through standardized in-person evaluations. Exposure to thimerosal in vaccines and immunoglobulin preparations was determined from electronic immunization registries, medical charts, and parent interviews. Information on potential confounding factors was obtained from the interviews and medical charts. We used conditional logistic regression to assess associations between ASD, AD, and ASD with regression and exposure to ethylmercury during prenatal, birth-to-1 month, birth-to-7-month, and birth-to-20-month periods.

RESULTS:
There were no findings of increased risk for any of the 3 ASD outcomes. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for ASD associated with a 2-SD increase in ethylmercury exposure were 1.12 (0.83–1.51) for prenatal exposure, 0.88 (0.62–1.26) for exposure from birth to 1 month, 0.60 (0.36–0.99) for exposure from birth to 7 months, and 0.60 (0.32–0.97) for exposure from birth to 20 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
In our study of MCO members, prenatal and early-life exposure to ethylmercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines and immunoglobulin preparations was not related to increased risk of ASDs.
Recommendation for Mandatory Influenza Immunization of All Health Care Personnel
Authors: Bernstein Henry H. , Starke Jeffrey R. ,   Committee on Infectious Diseases
Published: September 2010

This Policy Statement was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2922.
The purpose of this statement is to recommend implementation of a mandatory influenza immunization policy for all health care personnel. Immunization of health care personnel is a critically important step to substantially reduce health care–associated influenza infections. Despite the efforts of many organizations to improve influenza immunization rates with the use of voluntary campaigns, influenza coverage among health care personnel remains unacceptably low. Mandatory influenza immunization for all health care personnel is ethically justified, necessary, and long overdue to ensure patient safety.
Molecular dynamics simulation of manipulation of metallic nanoclusters on stepped surfaces
Authors: Mahboobi Seyed , Meghdari Ali , Jalili Nader , Amiri Farshid 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to investigate the manipulation of metallic clusters on stepped surfaces. Five surface forms are considered in the simulations. The system parts are made of pure transition metals and Sutton-Chen many-body potential is used as interatomic potential. The conditions which are subjected to change in the tests include: materials used for particles and substrate, and surface step conditions. In addition to qualitative observations, two criteria which represent the particle deformation and substrate abrasion are utilized as evaluation tools and are computed for each case. Simulation results show the effect of the aforementioned working conditions on the particle behavior as well as changes in the pushing forces. Obtaining this sort of knowledge is highly beneficial for further experiments in order to be able to plan the conditions and routines which guarantee better success in the manipulation process.
A continuum based microstructure model of inhomogeneous hardening and recovery as a pre-stage of recrystallization nucleation
Authors: Mitter Werner , Sommitsch Christof 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStarting from the fundamental relation between the diffusion flux of point defects (vacancies, interstitials) and the gradient of the diffusion potential the diffusion equation is set up and applied to the calculation of the concentrations of both types of point defects. Thereby, all possible sources and sinks and their mutual effects are taken into consideration. These equations are coupled with the equations for the temporal derivatives of dislocation density, porosity, pore size and temperature. For the close-up region of spherical inhomogeneities (pores, hard inclusions) and a grain boundary this system of six partial differential equations is solved numerically. For simplicity a one dimensional model in space is used and uniaxial tension or pure shear load is assumed. Hardening and the simultaneous recovery are characterized by the local and temporal development of the point defect concentrations and especially of the dislocation density, which is proportional to the intrinsic strain energy. The gradients of both strain energy and lattice rotation determine the formation and growth of recrystallization nuclei. It is the aim of this work to present a new mathematical model and also to give a perceptual general view on the concerted action of the fundamental physical processes, which necessarily lead to hardening, recovery (softening) and recrystallization nucleation. Moreover it seems to be a basis of a future general theory of microstructure changes.
Stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of AZ31 alloy after varied heat-treatment in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution
Authors: Tsao L. C. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The stress corrosion cracking behavior of a commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy after T5 and T6 heat treatments under a vacuum of 10−3 torr has been evaluated via slow strain rate tensile tests in an aqueous 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The experimental results show that this material displays a high sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking. The fractured surface was consistent with a significant transgranular component. Double-line cracking that resulted from twinning could be readily spotted on the cleavage plane. The presence of such deformation twins accompanied by the formation of voids is the main reason for the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of this alloy. The disappearance of twins after artificial aging at 260 °C for 4 h significantly improves the corrosion resistance, increases the breakdown potential difference ΔΦ (thus lowering the pitting tendency), and decreases the corrosion current density in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.
A 49-year-old Man with Worsening Depression
Authors: Nemiary Deina S. , Penagaluri Praveen J. , Evans-Cosby Deirdre 
Published: September 2010

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Recognize the importance of effectively treating patients with comorbid anxiety and depression.

2.
Review the pharmacology of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI).

3.
Review the current literature about the transdermal selegiline system.
A 14-year-old Girl with Seizures, Gait Problems, Paralysis
Authors: Bhatti Nadeem Hanif , Khan Mohammad Amjad Ullah , Wilson Edna Reyes , Ledger Elizabeth 
Published: September 2010

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Identify the clinical features and longitudinal course of conversion disorder.

2.
Explain the diagnostic clarification of conversion disorder and how this can improve patient outcome.

3.
Describe the complexity of the clinical presentation of conversion disorder.
A 38-year-old Woman with Depression, Stomach Pain
Authors: Hashmi Seema , Lamontanaro Laura , Zubair Adeel , Pal Monica , Nisar Mohammad Asim 
Published: September 2010

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Review how cultural backgrounds can influence a patient's psychological status.

2.
Describe the differential diagnosis for conversion disorder.

3.
Discuss futuristic methods of diagnosing and treating conversion disorder.
Latent Pisotriquetral Arthrosis Unmasked Following Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Stahl Shalom , Stahl Shy , Calif Edward 
Published: September 2010

The causes of persistent wrist pain following carpal tunnel release include scar tenderness and pillar pain. The goal of this study was to evaluate latent pisotriquetral arthrosis as a source of ulnar-sided wrist pain following open carpal tunnel release.
Seven hundred consecutive carpal tunnel releases were reviewed, looking for postoperative presentation of pisotriquetral arthrosis, as well as management and outcome. Fourteen patients with long-standing postoperative pain at the base of the hypothenar eminence had clinical and radiographic signs of pisotriquetral degenerative arthrosis, which conceivably had existed preoperatively and been unmasked thereafter. In 6 patients with persistent symptoms despite conservative measures, excision of pisiform was curative. Altered isometric stresses over the pisotriquetral articulation as a result of releasing the transverse ligament, which constitutes a major radial static stabilizer of this joint, seems to cause articular maltracking, and consequently aggravates a preexisting asymptomatic pisotriquetral arthrosis. Long-standing discomfort is characteristically associated with loss of grip strength and dexterity.
Pisotriquetral dysfunction and arthrosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent wrist pain following either open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release that does not respond to nonoperative measures. Clinical scrutiny, adequate clinical inspection, and radiographic evaluation readily establish the diagnosis. Conservative treatment includes immobilization, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intra-articular injection of corticosteroids under fluoroscopic control. The corticosteroid injection combined with a local anesthetic also serves as a diagnostic test. Excision of the pisiform is indicated where conservative treatment has failed.
Evaluation of High-Strength Orthopedic Sutures: A Head-to-Head Comparison
Authors: Miller Timothy , Feinblatt Jeff , Craw John , Litsky Alan , Flanigan David 
Published: September 2010

The goal of this study was to determine whether a difference in cycles to failure or mode of failure would be observed among specimens of 3 high-strength suture materials, and whether different suture configurations would affect knot security. Ten representative specimens of Ethibond (Ethicon, Inc, Somerville, New Jersey), FiberWire (Arthrex, Inc, Naples, Florida), MaxBraid (Biomet, Inc, Warsaw, Indiana), and Orthocord (DePuy Orthopaedics, Warsaw, Indiana) were tied in 6 different knot configurations commonly used in orthopedic procedures. Each specimen was cyclically loaded between 9 and 180 N at a rate of 1 Hz until the specimen failed or reached a maximum of 3500 cycles. Each suture material was subjected to tensile loading until failure at a rate of 1.25 mm/s. The 3 most secure knots all included the 3 reverse half-hitch on alternating posts (3-RHAP) configuration. All specimens tied with these 3 knot types failed by suture rupture. All knots using the overhand with 3 of the same half-hitches on the same post (O-3SHSP) configuration failed by knot slippage regardless of suture material. When the 3 strongest knots were combined, FiberWire resisted a significantly greater number of fatigue cycles than Orthocord or MaxBraid. In the single load to failure tests, Orthocord, FiberWire, and MaxBraid all had significantly higher ultimate strength than Ethibond.
Knots using the 3-RHAP configuration provide security superior to that of those without this configuration. All 3 high-strength sutures tested outperformed Ethibond in single load to failure testing, with FiberWire resisting the greatest number of cycles. Postoperative strength and reliability of a soft tissue repair is inherently dependent on the properties of the suture materials used.
The Proximal Modular Neck in THA: A Bridge Too Far: Opposes
Authors: Cameron Hugh U. 
Published: September 2010

Neck/cup impingement is a serious issue, especially with hard/hard bearings. It can produce noise, locking mechanism failure, and an increase in wear debris and dislocation. The double taper neck used by the author has cogs on the neck/stem taper junction for additional rotational stability. One hundred forty-six procedures were performed using the thin mantle cement technique. Mean follow-up was 5 years (range, 3–8 years). A 32-mm neck was used in 73.8% of cases and a 35-mm neck in 26.2%, because most of the patients were elderly women. The neck was anteverted in 1.4%, neutral in 26.4%, and retroverted in the rest (mild in 34.2%, moderate in 14.3%, and maximum in 13.4%). There were no dislocations and no loosenings. Problems were encountered with the neck/stem taper in 3 cases. The stem was therefore taken off the market. The taper was lengthened and the strength doubled.
Since its reintroduction 3 years ago, a further 187 cemented stem procedures have been performed with no failures and no dislocations. Of interest in this series, no necks were anteverted, 23.5% were in neutral, 35.8% were in mild retroversion, 31.1% were in moderate retroversion, and 9.6% were in maximal retroversion. Most necks were placed in retroversion to avoid impingement. This suggests that if a nonmodular neck had been used, some degree of impingement would have occurred in 70% of cases.
The Proximal Modular Neck in THA: A Bridge Too Far: Affirms
Authors: Dunbar Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

Modular necks are a relatively new innovation in total hip arthroplasty (THA), with several companies now offering modular neck options. The proposed advantages of reduced impingement, reduced dislocation rate, and better reconstitution of leg length and offset are compelling. However, few reports in the literature address the outcomes of these devices, and those that are published at best demonstrate equivalence to conventional THA.
There are numerous disadvantages to this new technology. Neck dissociation has been reported with a specific design of the modular taper. Numerous case reports exist of the fracture of titanium modular femoral necks, with 1 large series of 5000 cases reporting a fracture rate of 1.4%. Fractures occurred more frequently in heavy men (>100 kg), with the preponderance of fractures occurring around the 2-year mark. Retrieval analysis demonstrates failure of the titanium components at the Morse taper junction of the neck and femoral stem at the point of maximal tension, likely related to notch sensitivity. The additional interface of modular necks in the effective joint space has the potential to generate significant metal ions through a pitting corrosion process. Evidence exists of highly elevated serum cobalt and chromium ions in a modular junction used in large-head THA supporting these concerns. The use of particular neck geometries, such as long retroverted necks, may adversely affect the local biomechanical forces on the femoral component. The proposed mechanism is an increased lever arm leading to increased torque on stair climbing or rising from a chair. Finally, modular necks add significant costs to the implant and the health care system. On balance, based on the literature, the proximal modular neck in THA is a bridge too far.
Acetabular Fractures: The Role of Arthroplasty
Authors: Haidukewych George J. 
Published: September 2010

Acetabular fractures are generally treated with open reduction and internal fixation, with the goals of anatomic reduction and preservation of the native hip joint. Modern techniques of internal fixation have resulted in good to excellent outcomes in the vast majority of patients when anatomic reduction can be obtained. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has a role in the treatment of these injuries in 2 general situations: the acute fracture in the elderly patient with joint impaction, and for the sequelae of acetabular fracture, namely posttraumatic arthritis or osteonecrosis. Preoperative planning with plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scanning, including 3-dimensional reconstructions, is recommended.
Recent data show that fractures in the elderly that exhibit joint impaction of the acetabular dome (the so-called gull sign) or impaction of the femoral head generally did not benefit from internal fixation attempts. Restoration of columnar continuity, typically with plates and uncemented acetabular components with multiple screw fixation, remains the preferred strategy. Cemented acetabular components have demonstrated a high failure rate in this setting and should be avoided. Plating of the posterior column will usually provide continuity of the acetabular dome, the quadrilateral plate, and ishium, which will facilitate stable uncemented acetabular component implantation. Rarely, an antiprotrusio device is necessary. Liberal use of autograft from the resected femoral head is recommended for acetabular defects. For posttraumatic sequelae, the surgeon must be prepared for heterotopic bone, scarring, bony defects, and retained hardware. Preoperative CT scanning can help localize heterotopic bone or bony defects. Hardware that does not interfere with acetabular component implantation can generally be left in situ.