bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ploidy‐specific interactions of three host plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Does genome copy number matter?
Authors: Sudová Radka , Rydlová Jana , Münzbergová Zuzana , Suda Jan 
Published: October 2010

•Premise of the study: Polyploidy has been shown to affect different plant traits and modulate interactions between plants and other organisms, such as pollinators and herbivores. However, no information is available on whether it can also shape the functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis.•Methods: The mycorrhizal growth response was assessed for three angiosperms with intraspecific ploidy variation. Different cytotypes ofAster amellus,Campanula gentilis, andPimpinella saxifragawere either left uninoculated or were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in a pot experiment. After 3 mo of cultivation in a greenhouse, plant growth, phosphorus concentration in the shoot biomass, and development of the AM symbiosis were evaluated.•Key results: No significant ploidy‐specific differences in AM development were recorded. The inoculation led to consistently greater phosphorus uptake; however, the effect on plant growth differed considerably among plant species, populations, ploidy levels, and AM species. A salient ploidy‐specific response was observed inA. amellus. Whereas diploid plants benefited from AM inoculation, the hexaploids consistently showed negative or no‐growth responses (depending on the AM species). In contrast toA. amellus, no interactions between inoculation and ploidy were observed inC. gentilisandP. saxifraga.•Conclusions: The first evidence is provided of a ploidy‐specific response of a mycotrophic plant to AM fungi. Our results demonstrate the complexity of interaction between plants and associated AM fungi, with the ploidy level of the host plant being one component that may modulate the functioning of the symbiosis.
Optimized genotyping with microsatellite markers in the fungal banana pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Mycosphaerellaceae)
Authors: Robert Stéphanie , Rieux Adrien , Argout Xavier , Carlier Jean , Zapater Marie‐Françoise 
Published: October 2010

• Premise of the study: Large‐scale population genetics studies are required to investigate the dispersal processes underlying the emergence of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, a fungal pathogen of banana. To this end, we have developed an optimized genotyping procedure combining novel microsatellite markers and a modified DNA extraction protocol.• Methods and Results: Primers for tetranucleotide loci were designed directly from the recently published genome sequence of M. fijiensis. A total of 19 new polymorphic and easy‐to‐score markers were developed. Their use was combined with an adapted protocol for total DNA extraction starting from young lesions collected from banana leaves, thus avoiding a pathogen isolation step.• Conclusions: The combination of the two technical developments presented here will permit the expansion of genotyping capacity in M. fijiensis, allowing large‐scale analysis of samples from various geographic locations.
Tri-Diagonal Preconditioner for Toeplitz Systems from Finance
Authors: Pang Hong-Kui , Zhang Ying-Ying , Jin Xiao-Qing 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe consider a nonsymmetric Toeplitz system which arises in the discretization of a partial integro-differential equation in option pricing problems. The preconditioned conjugate gradient method with a tri-diagonal preconditioner is used to solve this system. Theoretical analysis shows that under certain conditions the tri-diagonal preconditioner leads to a superlinear convergence rate. Numerical results exemplify our theoretical analysis.
Selective Reactions of Bromine Trifluoride in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Rozen Shlomo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlthough known for more than a century, bromine trifluoride is not a common reagent in day to day research work in organic chemistry. Its tendency to react exothermically with solvents containing Lewis base elements such as water, acetone or ethers distanced it from the mind of many. Still, under the proper conditions, it can perform quite a few selective reactions which are difficult to achieve by other reagents. We discuss in this review reactions which have been published in the last 30 years. They consist of fluorinating heteroatoms, substituting carbon‐halogen bonds with carbon‐fluorine bonds, syntheses of anesthetics, construction of the trifluoromethyl (CF3) and the difluoromethylene (CF2) groups, aromatic brominations and more.
Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Fluorinated Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Tarui Atsushi , Sato Kazuyuki , Omote Masaaki , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Ando Akira 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis account concentrates on our new methodologies for the synthesis of fluorine analogues of amino acids and their derivatives using the Reformatsky‐type reactions of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate and ethyl dibromofluoroacetate with imines promoted by the Wilkinson catalyst. First, we present the rhodium‐catalyzed Reformatsky‐type reaction of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate with imines using diethylzinc for the chemoselective synthesis of α,α‐difluoro‐β‐lactams and non‐cyclized products, 3‐alkylamino‐2,2‐difluorocarboxylates. This reaction was expanded to the asymmetric synthesis of difluoro‐β‐lactams using two types of chiral auxiliaries. To develop another methodology for the synthesis of monofluoro analogues of amino acids and their derivatives, we investigated the reaction of ethyl dibromofluoroacetate with imines using diethylzinc, and found that this Reformatsky‐type reaction proceeded without a rhodium catalyst in diethyl ether to give syn‐α‐bromo‐α‐fluoro‐β‐lactams stereoselectively. Interestingly, by changing the solvent to acetonitrile, the Reformatsky‐type aza‐Darzens products, syn‐2‐fluoroaziridine‐2‐carboxylates, were obtained chemo‐ and stereoselectively.
Direct Aldol–Reduction Process using Difluoromethyl Aryl Ketones and Aryl Aldehydes in the Presence of Potassium tert‐Butoxide: One‐Pot Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical anti‐2,2‐Difluoropropane‐1,3‐diols
Authors: Xu Wei , Médebielle Maurice , Bellance Marie‐Hélène , Dolbier William R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe potassium tert‐butoxide.mediated deprotonation of two difluoromethyl aryl ketones in the presence of aryl aldehydes in anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF), provides an efficient and stereoselective synthesis of anti‐2,2‐difluoropropane‐1,3‐diols. Both symmetrical and unsymmetrical diols could be prepared in moderate to good yields from readily available starting materials.
Two girls for every boy: The effects of group size and composition on the reproductive success of male and female white‐faced capuchins
Authors: Fedigan Linda Marie , Jack Katharine M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany factors have been hypothesized to affect the size and adult sex ratios of primate groups and these, in turn, have been argued to influence birth rates. Using park‐wide census data collected on a population of capuchins over a 25‐year period, we examined whether group size and adult sex ratio affect the per capita reproductive success of male and female white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. We found that the reproductive success of females (measured as the observed minus the expected ratio of immatures to adult females in the group) decreased with increasing group size, whereas that of males was independent of group size. The proportion of adult males residing in groups had significant, yet contrasting effects on males and females. Male reproductive success was negatively associated with the proportion of males residing in groups whereas female reproductive success increased with the proportion of males. The latter finding supports the intersexual conflict hypothesis, which suggests that a conflict of interest occurs between males and females over adult sex ratios. The effects of group size and composition on the reproductive success of capuchins, a male‐dispersed omnivorous species, are similar to those reported for howlers, a bisexually‐dispersed folivorous species. One common factor between these taxa is that groups with low ratios of males to females are at greater risk of takeovers and resultant infanticide. Our results suggest that regardless of dietary preference and dispersal pattern, the threat of infanticide can constrain primate group size and composition. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Power issues and power struggles in mental illness and everyday life
Authors: Twemlow Stuart W. , Harvey Edythe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe paper outlines a psychoeducational group, used in an inpatient setting that has as its goal to make conscious and useful to the patient, certain power issues that influence all human relationships. This 11 session process allows the patient to explore the perspective to see if power issues and dynamics have been active in their psychopathology, and especially in their ability to engage in a therapeutic alliance, where they need to take a major role in the management of their problems, and not displace this expectation onto the doctor alone. The power issues involved are not, by definition, pathological, so applications to social problems are also involved. This wider application of these ideas to problems of bullying in schools, the workplace and in local governments are also explored and summarized. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between corporate social performance and earnings management
Authors: Gargouri Rim Makni , Shabou Ridha , Francoeur Claude 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study assesses the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and earnings management. Based on a sample of 109 Canadian companies drawn from the Michael Jantzi Research Associates – Canadian Social Investment Database for the years 2004 and 2005, our findings corroborate the multiple objectives hypothesis suggesting that the level of CSP is positively associated with earnings management. Using individual measures of CSP, we find a positive association between firm's CSP ratings related to environment and employees, and the earnings management activities. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergence of Supramolecular Chirality by Flows
Authors: Arteaga Oriol , Canillas Adolf , Crusats Joaquim , El‐Hachemi Zoubir , Llorens Joan , Sacristan Eduardo , Ribo Josep M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHydrodynamic forces in stirred solutions induce chirality in some supramolecular species of J‐aggregates, as detected at the level of the electronic transition. However, the mechanism that explains the phenomenon remains to be elucidated, although the basic effect of hydrodynamic gradients of the shear rate is most probably the folding or bending of the nanoparticles in solution. Herein, we demonstrate a correlation between chiral flows in different regions of circular and square stirred cuvettes and the emergence of true circular dichroism (CD). The results show that chaotic flows lead to a racemic mixture of chiral shaped supramolecular species, and vortical flows to scalemic mixtures. In a magnetically stirred flask the descending and ascending flows are of different chiral sign and the CD reading depends on the weighting of these two flows of inverse chiral sign. The effect of the gradient of shear rates of the flows leading to chiral shape objects depends on the shape of the cuvette, which suggests that the flask shape and the controlled addition of reagents in defined regions of the stirred solutions may exert a control in self‐assembly processes.
Micropapillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Report of a case and review of its cytologic features
Authors: Nicolas Marlo M. , Jagirdar Jaishree S. , Arisco Amy M. , Valente Philip T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicropapillary carcinoma (MPC) is an aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma. MPC has a propensity to invade lymphovascular spaces and detrusor muscle early in the disease that often leads to upstaging and/or lymph node metastasis in many cases at cystectomy. Its association with the usual high‐grade urothelial carcinoma provides an easy recognition of malignancy in cytology specimens without attempt at separating or identifying the MPC component. This may be related to our limited familiarity of its cytologic features with only 4 cases described in the literature. We report another case of MPC and highlight its features in cytologic preparations including the presence of singly scattered tumor cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and pleomorphic nuclei, clustered cells devoid of fibrovascular core (micropapillae), 3‐dimensional cell aggregates, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and micropapillae exhibiting some features of low‐grade urothelial neoplasm. Appreciation of these features may help facilitate its early diagnosis and hopefully a better outcome for these aggressive tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solitary intrascrotal neurofibroma: A case diagnosed on aspiration cytology
Authors: Gupta Shilpa , Gupta Ruchika , Singh Sompal , Pant Leela 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSolitary neurofibroma of the scrotum is exceedingly rare and very few cases of this unusual occurrance have been reported till date. None of the previously reported cases had a preoperative cytologic diagnosis.A young man presented with an eight‐month history of right scrotal swelling. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology showed a spindle cell tumor with fibrillary matrix and wavy slender nuclei. A cytologic diagnosis of benign nerve sheath tumor was rendered. The patient underwent surgical excision of the mass and histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a neurofibroma.This case is the first reported instance of aspiration cytologic diagnosis of intrascrotal neurofibroma. This rare tumor should be considered in the cytologic differential diagnoses of testicular and paratesticular tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration in the evaluation of thyroid lesions in children
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Srinivasan Radhika , Arora Sandeep Kumar , Rajwanshi Arvind , Saikia Uma Nahar , Dutta Pinaki , Gupta Nalini , Nijhawan Raje , Dey Pranab 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe role of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the evaluation of thyroid lesions in not as well established in children when compared with adults. Hence we aimed to ascertain the utility and limitations of FNA in childhood thyroid lesions. This was a retrospective analysis of all thyroid FNA performed in children less than 14 years of age over a 4‐year period (2005–2009). Histopathological follow‐up was available in six cases. A total of 77 cases were included in the analysis. The most common cytological diagnosis was lymphocytic thyroiditis (49.3%), followed by colloid goiter (18.2%), hyperplasia (10.4%), and benign aspirate (7.8%); malignancy was identified in six cases (7.8%). Of these six cases, three were papillary thyroid carcinoma. There was one false‐positive case reported as a Hurthle‐cell neoplasm, which on histology showed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. One case each of rhabdomyosarcoma and spindle epithelial tumor with thymus like differentiation was wrongly diagnosed as thyroid neoplasm, NOS, and medullary carcinoma (spindle variant), respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 98.6% with 100% sensitivity, 98.6% specificity, 80% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. FNA is extremely valuable in the initial evaluation of thyroid swelling in children. Rare neoplasms masquerading as thyroid nodules in children can pose difficulties in diagnosis; however, papillary carcinoma is easily recognized. In lymphocytic thyroiditis, it provides a tissue diagnosis, thereby avoiding more invasive procedure for merely diagnostic purposes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012;40:E33–E37. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals utilizing an internet‐based digital coaching program for recovering from binge eating
Authors: Bedrosian Richard C. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. , Wang Chun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:While digital coaching self‐help interventions to facilitate behavioral change are offered increasingly on the Internet, few studies have examined who uses them. This study examined demographic and clinical characteristics of adults who accessed a self‐help program for binge eaters made available to them via their employers or health plans.Method:Cross‐sectional data from 4,051 men and women who registered for the online program during a 13‐month period were used. Gender differences and differences across three diagnostic groupings based on self‐reported symptoms were tested using t‐tests and ANOVAs (dimensional variables) or Chi‐Square analyses (categorical variables).Results:More women (3,053) than men (998) accessed the program. A majority of participants reported binge eating below frequency levels required for a clinical diagnosis, yet reported high levels of motivation to overcome their eating binges. Few had received prior treatment for an eating disorder. Although women reported greater symptomatology on most variables, these differences typically reflected small effects. Comparisons of diagnostic subgroups found few differences between those with probable diagnoses of bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder.Discussion:Digital coaching programs may be a viable treatment option, particularly for individuals with infrequent binge eating who otherwise might not seek or receive treatment. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Pulsed discharge purification of water containing nondegradable hazardous substances
Authors: Miyazaki Yasushi , Satoh Kohki , Itoh Hidenori 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe investigate the decomposition characteristics of phenol in an aqueous solution under exposure to pulsed discharge plasma. The investigation is carried out with different electrode configurations, applied voltages, and humidity levels and compositions of the background gas. It is possible that in the case of all gases, OH radicals are responsible for the decomposition of phenol in the solution. In pure O2, the decomposition rate of phenol increases due to the generation of O and O3. In pure N2, OH radicals produced by N2, which is excited in the metastable state, contribute to phenol decomposition. In N2‐O2, the decomposition rate of phenol remains low, and the NOx produced by the pulsed plasma in a N2‐O2 mixture destroys O3, and the production of the NOx inhibits O3 production. In Ar‐O2, the decomposition rate of phenol increases with an increase in the concentration of Ar in the mixture. It is possible that excited Ar atoms are responsible for the decomposition of phenol in the solution at higher concentrations of Ar in Ar‐O2. Further, it is found that the decomposition rate of phenol in aqueous solution exposed to a pulsed discharge is almost the same as that of phenol in aqueous solution exposed to a DC corona discharge. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 1–8, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20937
Information system development by business process modeling based on adaptability to specification changes
Authors: Okawa Tsutomu , Hirabayashi Syuichi , Kaminishi Tsukasa , Koizumi Hisao 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBusiness modeling has been attracting attention in the development of information systems to be used for analyzing and designing the working procedures of the system under development. In this paper, we propose a method of information system development by business process modeling based on adaptability to specification changes. The proposed method builds a business process model from the requirement specifications, translates the model into UML, identifies the elements bridging the translation from Business Process Modeling to UML, that is, the analytical stage and the design stage, and seeks to perform both processes continuously while finalizing the design. The proposed method was applied to the prototyping of a bus booking and management system, comparing the results using only UML for the configuration with those obtained by using the proposed method. The proposed method proved effective in the early detection and removal of bottlenecks, in accurate modeling, and in adjusting to changes in the specifications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 54–64, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21045
Synthesis and Structure of Boron–Bithiazole Complexes
Authors: Findlater Michael , Swisher Nicholas S. , White Peter S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe syntheses of the first reported p‐block complexes of the bithiazole moiety are reported, namely [(tBuBTz)BBr2][Br] (3), and [(PhBTz)BBr2][Br] (4) (tBuBTz = 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bithiazole and PhBTz = 4,4′‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐bithiazole). Compounds 3 and 4 were prepared via reaction of equimolar quantities of the appropriate bithiazole ligand with BBr3. The molecular structures of 3, and the known compound PhBTz (2) were established using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques.
Mid‐infrared spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution for analyzing human adipose tissue triacylglycerols
Authors: Lundbom Jesper , Kolehmainen Marjukka , Pulkkinen Leena , Soininen Pasi , Tiainen Mika , Schwab Ursula , Uusitupa Matti , Tammi Markku 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate use of infrared spectroscopy for measuring adipose tissue triacylglycerols (TAGs) with analysis by multivariate curve resolution (MCR). The mid‐infrared spectrum was measured with an attenuated total reflection accessory from a lipid droplet pressed from adipose tissue. The obtained spectra were characteristic of pure TAG spectra and water and protein contamination could be easily identified from specific spectral regions. MCR analysis of the olefinic (CH) stretch (3006 cm−1), resolved the different contributions of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) double bonds. Similar MCR analysis of the trans (HCCH) region (966 cm−1), resolved the differing contributions of isolated trans isomers (transFA) and CLA. The PUFA double bond content of 16 subjects was negatively correlated with concentrations of serum total cholesterol R = −0.498 (p = 0.050) and triacylglycerols R = −0.609, (p = 0.016). The transFA content exhibited a negative, although non‐significant, correlation to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol (R = −0.483, p = 0.068). The present study shows that MCR analysis of adipose tissue TAG infrared spectra can be used to estimate differences in the fatty acid (FA) profiles in population studies. Infrared spectroscopy in combination with MCR provides a robust method for assessing a FA profile of human adipose tissue.Practical applications: This study has highlighted the use of MCR to enhance the information obtained from infrared spectra. This new approach provides a robust method for assessing a FA profile of human adipose tissue lipids.