bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regression of endometriosis following shorter treatment with, or lower dose of danazol: Comparison of pre‐ and post‐treatment laparoscopic findings in the Scandinavian multi‐center study
Authors: Döberl Anton , Bergqvist Agneta , Jeppsson Sten , Koskimies Aarne I. , Rönnberg Lars , Segerbrand Erik , Starup Jørgen 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. One hundred and sixteen patients with laparosco‐pically confirmed primary or recurrent endometriosis were treated with danazol, either 600 mg daily for 4 months (group A, n = 76) or 600 mg daily for the first 2 months, followed by 400 mg daily for an additional 4 months (group B, n = 40). The only surgery performed before treatment was biopsies, resection of endometriomas 23 cm and/or adhe‐siolysis. The extent of endometriosis before and after treatment was established laparoscopically and recorded by means of a modified AFS record as mean additive diameter of implants (mean ADI) in millimeters. This provided a uniform and reproducible quantitative registration for each type and location of endometriotic implant.Both treatment schemes resulted in a highly significant (p<0.001) reduction of endometriosis, by 79 and 89% in groups A and B, respectively. However, the reduction in mean ADI was significantly greater (p< 0.025) in group B which had been treated for a longer period. Morevoer, the proportion of patients with extensive pre‐treatment lesions (mean ADI 240 mm) was significantly greater in this group.Active residual endometriosis was found in 21 and 17.5% in groups A and B, respectively. These patients had significantly more extensive endometriosis before treatment. The regression of endometriotic implants was independent of type and/or location, i.e. superficial or scarred; peritoneal, ovarian, or tuba]. There was no apparent correlation between the quantitative reduction of endometriosis and amenorrhea versus occasional spotting and/or irregular menstruations.Despite the marked reduction of endometriotic tissue following both treatment schemes, only 4 months of treatment with 600 mg daily appears to be too short a period to ensure elimination of endometriosis, leaving a number of small residues at the end of treatment. Six month's treatment according to schedule B produced a significantly greater reduction in endometriotic tissue, but lowering of the dose to 400 mg daily after 2 months was associated with a significant increase of irregular vaginal bleeding.Although the choice of danazol dose and duration of treatment in endometriosis depends on the objective and approach in the individual case, the authors do not feel confident in recommending less than 600 mg daily for 6 months, if a high probability of complete resolution of all endometriotic implants, other than endometriomas, is desired.
In vitro effect of danazol on steroidogenesis in developing human follicles
Authors: Nilsson Lars , Dennefors Bo , Olsson Jan‐Henrik , Hillensjö Torbjörn , Rannevik Gunnar 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In order to show whether or not danazol exerts direct effects on the cells Of the human ovarian follicle, fOI% cular granulosa and thecal cells of follicles in different stages of development are currently being investigated in short‐term incubation experiments and during more prolonged cell culture.Cells are isolated by free‐hand dissection from follicles of 8 to 25 mm diameter, corresponding approximately to cycle day 7 to 14. Granulosa and thecal cells have so far been incubated for 2 to 4 hours in the presence or absence of hCG and/or danazol. A small number of cell cultures of granulosa cells have been performed for up to 6 days in the presence or absence of danazol, hFSH, and hLH, in various combinations.The progesterone (P), estradiol‐17β (E) and androstene‐dione (A) content of the incubation or culture medium and the tissue content of cyclic AMP (CAMP) were measuerd.Danazol (10 μg/ml) inhibited thecal cAMP production in most short‐term experiments but only the hCG‐stimulated cAMP production of granulosa cells. Short‐term production of P and E by granulosa and of A and E by thecal cells was also inhibited by danazol in certain circumstances. In tissue cultures of granulosa cells lasting up to 4 days, danazol (1 and 10 μg/ml) inhibited both the FSH and LH‐stimulated P production.Provided that any unspecific effects of the concentrations of danazol used can be ruled out, the results seem to indicate that this substance may act directly upon steroidogenesis at the ovarian follicular level.
Acute Haemodynamic Effects of Pindolol During Pregnancy in Experimental Renal Hypertension
Authors: Lundgren Yen , Karlsson Kirsten , Ljungblad Ulf 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Clinical as well as experimental studies have demonstrated a 70% reduction in utero‐placental blood flow in pregnancies affected by Severe hypertension (13, 19). In pregnant renal hypertensive rats, propranolol administration causes a further 50% reduction in utero‐placental blood flow (16). The present study on renal hypertensive rats was performed in order to explore the acute effects on central haemodynamics and utero‐placental blood flow of the non‐selective P‐blocker pindolol, which also has an intrinsic P‐stimulatory effect. Renal hypertension was induced by partial clamping of both renal arteries in female Wistar rats 4 weeks before pregnancy. Some 2‐4 days before expected parturition, cardiac output was determined with the dye‐dilution technique and blood flow to the reproductive organs with the microsphere technique, both before and after acute pindolol administration. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously during the experiment. After pindolol injection, mean arterial pressure fell by 22% due to a 38% reduction in total peripheral resistance. No significant changes in cardiac output, stroke volume or heart rate were found. Placental blood flow was significantly reduced, by 30%, whereas myometrial and ovarian blood flows were reduced by only 18 and 9%, respectively.Thus, the reduction in blood supply to the reproductive organs in renal hypertensive rats after acute pindolol administration was most pronounced in the placenta. This reduction in placental flow was, however, only about half as pronounced as after propranolol, which lacks intrinsic β‐stimulatory effects. This may suggest that vasodilating β‐receptors may play an important role in the maternal placental vascular bed.
INTRA‐UTERINE PRESSURE IN DYSMENORRHEA
Authors: Lumsden M. A. , Baird D. T. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Intra‐uterine pressure recordings in normal and dysmenorrheic women during the menstrual period were analysed regarding amplitude, duration, frequency and peak area of contractions and the resting pressure. The activity of the myometrium showed large between subject variability and no significant difference was found, between the two groups in amplitude and duration of contractions or their frequency. However, there was a consistent difference in peak area at the onset of the menses (p <0.01) and there was also a significant decrease in peak area during the menses in the group with dysmenorrhea, with maximum uterine work being performed on the day when the pain was at its worst. The contribution of the pattern of contractility to the etiology of dysmenorrhea is discussed.Abnormal uterine activity as a cause of primary dysmenorrhea was first suggested in the 1930s and 1940s on the basis of intra‐uterine pressure recordings (Moir, 1936; Woodbury et al., 1947). Since then, intra‐uterine pressure has been measured in a number of studies using a micro‐balloon (Lundstrom et al., 1976; Bygdeman et al., 1979). With the introduction of the highly sensitive micro‐transducer catheter it has been possible to make accurate quantitative estimations (Akerlund et al., 1978; Ulmsten & Andersson, 1979) but, to our knowledge, no detailed analysis and quantification of intrauterine pressure recordings in primary dysmenorrhea has been reported.In this paper we publish the results of a study in which daily recordings obtained from women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea were compared with those from a group of women with very similar menstrual patterns but with minimal or no symptoms.
INCREASED FREQUENCY OF CARCINOMA OF THE UTERINE CERVIX IN WOMEN MARRIED TO MEN WITH A PREVIOUS GONORRHEAL INFECTION
Authors: Furgyik Stefan 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. An earlier investigation showed an increased frequency of squamous epithelial carcinoma of the cervix in women who had experienced gonorrhea, but that there was a long lag between the infection and diagnosis of the cervical malignancy. The present work is a retrospective study of cervical malignancy in women married to men who had had gonorrhea between 26 and 37 years previously. The women have been distributed into three groups: i) those who were married to their spouse at the time he had gonorrhea and who themselves became infected, ii) those who were married to their spouse at the time of his gonorrhea but who did not themselves become infected, iii) those who were not married to the man in question at the time of his gonorrhea and who do not recall having had had gonorrhea.The incidence rates of cervical neoplasm were found to be: group i, 27.1%, group ii, 21.7%, and group iii, 13.7%. For all three groups the figures are significantly higher than in an age‐related control group drawn from the normal population.The results of the investigation lead one to suspect that a carcinogenic agent had been transferred by sexual intercourse together with the gonorrhea and that the man was the bearer of this agent long after he had undergone treatment for his gonorrhea, but that not all the women so exposed had developed a cervical neoplasm.
Contentsintroductioncurrent Concepts in the Etiology and Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Dawood M. Yusoff 
Published: December 2009

Primary dysmenorrhea may affect as many as 40 percent of all adult women, temporarily disabling one‐tenth of them. The etiology of this condition may be related to excess production of prostaglandins by the endometrium following decline in progesterone levels consequent to corpus luteum regression. It is proposed that increased prostaglandin levels produce increased myometrial contractility and uterine ischemia and sensitization of pain fibers, resulting in pelvic pain.Administration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents which block the cyclooxygenase enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade is an effective treatment for primary dysmenorrhea, as is oral contraceptive therapy. Criteria for an ideal prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor are described.
Menopause, Developing Countries and the 21st Century
Authors: Diczfalusy Egon 
Published: December 2009

According to the independent projections of the United Nations Population Division and of the World Bank, the global population (presently: 4.7 billion) will continue to grow until the year 2100 or 2150, when it is expected to stabilize at an approximate level of 11 billion. Ninety‐five per cent of this future growth will occur in developing countries, with an increasing number and proportion of women aged 45 and over; their number will exceed 700 million before the turn of the century.The past decade, or two, witnessed a dramatic increase in life expectancy at birth, especially in developing country women, but little, if any, information is available about the menopause in those countries.An urgent task of high priority is therefore to establish on a country‐to‐country basis the age distribution and sociocultural significance of the menopause and of the prevalence of various menopausal disorders, which to a huge extent will determine the health‐ and social service needs of individual developing countries. Furthermore, a rapid progress must be made in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders and senility.It is suggested that the establishment of a Special Programme of Research by the World Health Organization on the problems of aging would significantly accelerate progress in this field.
Catheter‐Associated Bacteriuria: A Controlled Trial with the BardexR Urinary Drainage System
Authors: Klarskov Peter , Bischoff Niels , Bremmelgaard Annie , Hald Tage 
Published: December 2009

In a randomized trial, the BardexR Urinary Drainage System was tested against a routine system consisting of a silicone‐coated 16F Latex Foley catheter and exchangeable 1 500 ml collecting bags. the Bardex system consists of an all‐silicone balloon catheter preconnected and sealed to the drainage tube with tape. the tube is united with a 2000 ml collecting bag via a vented drip chamber. It has an extremely hydrophilic coating (BN‐74) resembling the natural glycosaminoglycans lining the urothelium. This coating is intended to minimize urethral irritation and bacterial migration and also to cause slow release of water‐soluble antiseptics applied to the surface. in the present study, isobetadine 10% was applied prior to the insertion and reapplied daily after pulling gently on the catheter.Forty female patients aged 31 to 85 years completed the study. in the Bardex group of patients, bacteriuria developed in none by the third day of catheterization and in 5% by the fourth day. in the Foley group, the bacteriuria rate was significantly higher, with 35% on the third day (p<0.01) and 45% on the fourth day (p<0.02).No difference between the two drainage systems was found concerning incontinence beside the catheter, urethral pain or burning, meatal reddishness or urethral discharge. No conclusion regarding the advantages or disadvantages of the BN‐74 coating and the isobetadine application can be drawn from the present study.
Single‐Dose Intravenous Tinidazole Prophylaxis in Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Evaldson G. R. , Lindgren S. , Malmborg A S. , Nord C. E. 
Published: December 2009

In 100 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, a double‐blind study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic tinidazole treatment in diminishing the postoperative infection rate. the patients treated received a single dose of 1 600 mg tinidazole i.v. during 2 h preoperatively. One patient each from the placebo and treatment groups was excluded since the operations was ultimately not hysterectomy. the two groups of women, 49 in each, were comparable with regard to age, previous obstetrical and gynecological history, and reason for hysterectomy. Significant infectious complications (pelvic cellulitis, vaginal cuff abscess, pelvic abscess) were observed in 9 (18.4%) of the 49 placebo patients, but in only 3 (6.1%) of the 49 tinidazole‐treated patients. Mild or mode rate wound infections were found in 2 patients of each group (4%). Urinary tract infections were found in 10 placebo (20.4%) and 12 tinidazole‐treated patients (24.5%). Among patients developing cuff abscesses, Bacteroides was the most frequently isolated anaerobic genus, B. bivius being the predominant species, while bacteria of enteric origin such as Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis were the most common aerobic isolates.The results of the present study indicate that an intravenous preoperative single‐dose tinidazole prophylaxis might reduce the risk of major pelvic infection following hysterectomy, the causative microorganisms usually being a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Spondylolysis and Pregnancy—A Risk Analysis
Authors: Saraste Helena 
Published: December 2009

A possible interference of various musculo‐skeletal anomalies with pregnancy is often discussed by obstetricians. Pregnancy as a risk factor for progression of spondylolisthesis, olisthesis as a risk factor for pregnancy complications, and pregnancy in women with spondylolysis as the cause of increased low‐back symptoms, are questions hitherto not analysed.In the present study, a comparison between men, nonpregnant women, and women who had been pregnant, was made with respect to the degree of spondylolisthesis and its subsequent progression over an observation period of at least 20 years. Ocurrence and intensity of low‐back symptoms, and functional impairment due to low‐back symptoms (such as change of work, sick‐leave, sick‐pension, limitation in non‐occupational activities, and treatment) during this long observation time were also analysed. The mean values for the group of women who had been pregnant did not differ from those of the other groups as regards any of these variables.On the basis of these results, it is concluded that pregnancy does not constitute a risk for progression of spondylolisthesis, or for increased low‐back symptoms in a woman with spondylolysis. Nor is spondylolysis, with or without olisthesis, a risk factor for pregnancy complications.
The Premenstrual Syndrome: A Study Of Its Diagnosis And Pathogenesis
Authors: Hammarbäck Stefan 
Published: December 2009

The premenstrual syndrome (PMS), with its characteristic combination of mental and physical symptoms recurring in the luteal phase of each menstrual cycle and disappearing after the onset of the menstruation, has during recent decades attracted the interest of many researchers. However, the lack of a commonly accepted definition and way to diagnose PMS has led to contradictory results in attempts to establish the etiology of PMS, which still is obscure, and to find ways to treat the complaints.In this study of 82 patients, a diagnostic procedure for PMS was developed, based on prospective daily ratings of symptoms, statistical criteria and non‐parametric statistics. Three subgroups of subjects were identified: group 1, the pure PMS group, with significant symptom cyclicity and all symptoms concentrated to the luteal phase; group 2, the PMS aggravation group, with significant cyclicity but with negative symptoms also appearing prior to ovulation; group 3, the non‐PMS group, i.e. those who do not suffer from menstrually related symptoms.The three subgroups were investigated concerning possible distinguishing demographic factors, and medical and psychiatric anamnesis. The only significant difference found was a lower frequency of pathological scores for neuroticism in the Eysenck Personality Inventory and of a previous psychiatric history in group 1.Among 124 women seeking help for PMS, 8 were found who had one ovulatory and one spontaneously occurring anovulatory cycle. In the ovulatory cycles, a typical symptom cyclicity was evident. In the anovulatory cycles this cyclicity disappeared and the symptoms abated, indicating the importance of a corpus luteum in precipitating PMS.The role of hormonal variations was also studied in 22 postmenopausal women receiving either estradiol only, or estradiol/progestagen sequential therapy. When the progestagen was added to the treatment in the latter group, a PMS‐like syndrome was induced–but not in the “estradiol only” group.To further test the role of ovulation‐anovulation in the pathogenesis of PMS, 26 PMS patients were given the GnRH agonist buserelin in a dose of 400 μg daily intranasally in a double‐blind cross‐over study, versus placebo. Though an appreciable placebo effect was noted, the active drug gave significantly better symptom relief. In the last cycle during medication with active drug 19 of the remaining 23 patients showed a non‐cyclic pattern in their symptoms; thus they no longer had PMS.In each of 18 carefully diagnosed PMS patients the varying effects of hormone concentrations on the severity of symptoms were investigated in two cycles. The results show that in cycles with higher serum concentrations of progesterone–and particularly estradiol–the patients also had more severe symptoms, which contradicts earlier theories of PMS being due to a lack of progesterone.
Dysprosody and stimulus effects in Cantonese speakers with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ma Joan K.‐Y. , Whitehill Tara , Cheung Katherine S.‐K. 
Published: December 2009

Background: Dysprosody is a common feature in speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria. However, speech prosody varies across different types of speech materials. This raises the question of what is the most appropriate speech material for the evaluation of dysprosody.Aims: To characterize the prosodic impairment in Cantonese speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease, and to determine the effect of different types of speech stimuli on the perceptual rating of prosody.Methods & Procedures: Speech data in the form of sentence reading, passage reading, and monologue were collected from ten Cantonese speakers with Parkinson's disease. Perceptual analysis was conducted on ten prosodic parameters to evaluate five dimensions of prosody, based on a theoretical framework: pitch, loudness, duration, voice quality, and degree of reduction.Outcomes & Results: The results showed that the most severely affected prosodic parameters were monopitch, harsh voice, and monoloudness, followed by breathy voice and prolonged interval. Differences were noted between speakers with mild and moderate dysprosody. No statistically significant differences were found between the three types of stimuli. However, qualitative analysis revealed noticeable differences between the three stimuli in two speakers.Conclusions & Implications: The prosodic profile of Cantonese speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria is similar to those of other languages (for example, English). The involvement of two new dimensions in the definition of prosody (voice quality and degree of reduction) provides additional insight in differentiating patients with mild and moderate dysarthria. Further investigation on the use of speech materials in the clinical evaluation of speech prosody in speakers with dysarthria is needed, as no single task was found to represent a patient's performance under all circumstances.
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in two cats
Authors: Kirpensteijn J. , Nielsen D. H. , Buelund L. , Hansen M. S. , Dimopoulou M. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryTwo three-month-old, intact female Abyssinian cats were presented with a history of lameness, constipation and ataxia. The cats had been fed a diet composed almost exclusively of meat. Both showed severe osteopenia and multiple pathological fractures on radiography. Following euthanasia of the more severely affected cat, postmortem examination revealed changes consistent with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and fibrous osteodystrophy, such as cortical thinning, massive connective tissue invasion in the diaphysis of long bones, and hypertrophy of the chief cells in both parathyroid glands. After introducing a balanced commercial diet to the surviving cat, bone mineralisation improved from the baseline value, and at subsequent examinations at three, six and 22 weeks later, as indicated by bone mineral density measurements obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography.