bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hysteresis vs. Natural Rate of Unemployment: One, the Other, or Both?
Authors: Kula Ferit , Aslan Alper 
Published: June 2011

Hysteresis vs. Natural Rate of Unemployment: One, the Other, or Both?This paper re-examines the empirical validity of the hysteresis hypothesis in unemployment rates by education level in 17 OECD countries. To this end, for an unbalanced panel, we employed Pesaran's Cross-Sectional Dependence (CD) and Cross-Sectionally Augmented ADF (CADF) tests. Our empirical findings provide evidence favorable to the non-stationarity of unemployment rates according to levels of primary and secondary education attainment in total unemployment, and therefore the existence of hysteresis for these levels of education. There is no evidence, however, of hysteresis for unemployment rates by tertiary education.
Modelling Sustainable Development Scenarios of Croatian Power System
Authors: Pašičko Robert , Stanić Zoran , Debrecin Nenad 
Published: June 2011

Modelling Sustainable Development Scenarios of Croatian Power SystemThe main objective of power system sustainable development is to provide the security of electricity supply required to underpin economic growth and increase the quality of living while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. New challenges such as deregulation, liberalization of energy markets, increased competition on energy markets, growing demands on security of supply, price insecurities and demand to cut CO2 emissions, are calling for better understanding of electrical systems modelling. Existing models are not sufficient anymore and planners will need to think differently in order to face these challenges. Such a model, on the basis on performed simulations, should enable planner to distinguish between different options and to analyze sustainability of these options. PLEXOS is an electricity market simulation model, used for modeling electrical system in Croatia since 2005. Within this paper, generation expansion scenarios until 2020 developed for Croatian Energy Strategy and modeled in PLEXOS. Development of sustainable Croatian energy scenario was analyzed in the paper - impacts of CO2 emission price and wind generation. Energy Strategy sets goal for 1200 MW from wind power plants in 2020. In order to fully understand its impacts, intermittent nature of electricity generation from wind power plant was modeled. We conclude that electrical system modelling using everyday growing models has proved to be inevitable for sustainable electrical system planning in complex environment in which power plants operate today.
Transparent Proxy for Secure E-Mail
Authors: Michalák Juraj , Hudec Ladislav 
Published: June 2011

Transparent Proxy for Secure E-MailThe paper deals with the security of e-mail messages and e-mail server implementation by means of a transparent SMTP proxy. The security features include encryption and signing of transported messages. The goal is to design and implement a software proxy for secure e-mail including its monitoring, administration, encryption and signing keys administration. In particular, we focus on automatic public key on-the-fly encryption and signing of e-mail messages according to S/MIME standard by means of an embedded computer system whose function can be briefly described as a brouter with transparent SMTP proxy.
Stable Model Predictive Control Design: Sequential Approach
Authors: Veselý Vojtech 
Published: June 2011

Stable Model Predictive Control Design: Sequential Approach
The paper addresses the problem of output feedback stable model predictive control design with guaranteed cost. The proposed design method pursues the idea of sequential design for N prediction horizon using one-step ahead model predictive control design approach. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Deterministic and probabilistic analysis of damping device resistance under impact loads from nuclear fuel container drop
Authors: Králik J. 
Published: June 2011

Deterministic and probabilistic analysis of damping device resistance under impact loads from nuclear fuel container dropThis paper presents a deterministic and probabilistic solution of damping devices for the protection of the reinforced concrete structure of a nuclear power plant (NPP) from impact loads from a container of nuclear fuel of the type TK C30 drop. The finite element idealization of the building structure is used in space. The interaction soil-structure, as well as the fluid-structure of the deactivated basin is considered in space. A steel pipe damper system is proposed for the dissipation of the kinetic energy of the container in free fall. The Newmark integration method is used for the solution of the dynamic equations. The sensitivity and probabilistic analysis of the damping devices was realized using the AntHILL and ANSYS software.
Effect of Temperature on Fine Particle Drying in a Draft‐Tube Conical Spouted Bed
Authors: Altzibar H. , Lopez G. , Olazar M. , Bilbao J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe performance of a draft‐tube conical spouted bed for drying fine particles under batch operating conditions has been assessed at several temperatures using nonporous and open‐sided draft tubes, and the results have been compared with those obtained when operating without a draft tube. In order to ascertain the influence of temperature on drying, experimental runs have been carried out in the 25–300 °C temperature range. The open‐sided draft tube provides the best performance due to the excellent gas‐solid contact attained with this device, which enables shorter drying times. A maximum air temperature of 200 °C is recommended for energy optimization. An open‐sided tube protruding above the stagnant bed by at least 2/3 of the latter's height produces much lower and denser fountains than a tube flush with the upper surface of the bed.
Modelling production of migratory catfish larvae (Pimelodidae) on the basis of regional hydro‐ climatology features of the Madre de Dios Basin in southeastern Peru
Authors: Cañas Carlos M. , Waylen Peter R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA simple stochastic model is presented to describe the influence of the natural flow regime of the Madre de Dios River (southeastern Peru) on the presence and downstream transportation of catfish larvae (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), an important migratory species in commercial fisheries in the Peruvian Amazon region. One year of daily river stage records were related to weekly larval catches to determine the association between floods and spawning events, and based on the hydro‐climatologic characteristics of Andean‐Amazon regions, available long‐term historical rainfall records were used to determine the inter‐annual variability of floods within the Madre de Dios Basin. Major larval drift occurred during the high water season, specifically in association with stages of over 5 m, which served as an indicator triggering spawning responses of these species, termed a ‘biologically significant event’ (BSE). Timing of these BSEs, estimated from the historical rainfall records, described a uniform distribution during the wet season, and their inter‐arrival times were exponentially distributed. These observations provided the basis of the stochastic model describing the likelihood of larvae releases from this headwater region to the lowland Amazon. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term neuroprotection and neurorestoration by glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor microspheres for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Garbayo Elisa , Ansorena Eduardo , Lanciego Jose Luis , Blanco‐Prieto María Jose , Aymerich María S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:Glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor is a survival factor for dopaminergic neurons and a promising candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, the delivery issue of the protein to the brain still remains unsolved. Our aim was to investigate the effect of long‐term delivery of encapsulated glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor within microspheres.Methods:A single dose of microspheres containing 2.5 μg of glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor was implanted intrastriatally in animals 2 weeks after a 6‐hydroxydopamine lesion.Results:The amphetamine test showed a complete behavioral recovery after 16 weeks of treatment, which was maintained until the end of the study (week 30). This effect was accompanied by an increase in dopaminergic striatal terminals and neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons.Conclusions:The main achievement was the long‐term neurorestoration in parkinsonian animals induced by encapsulated glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor, suggesting that microspheres may be considered as a means to deliver glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor for Parkinson's disease treatment. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Cetacean sightings and strandings: evidence for spatial and temporal trends?
Authors: Pikesley Stephen K. , Witt Mathew J. , Hardy Tom , Loveridge Jan , Loveridge Jeff , Williams Ruth , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: June 2011

Cetacean species and their habitats are under threat and effective marine management mitigation strategies require knowledge and understanding of cetacean ecology. This requires data that are challenging and expensive to obtain; incidental sightings/strandings data are potential underused resources. In this study, incidental cetacean sightings (N = 6631) and strandings (N = 1856) in coastal waters of Cornwall, south-west Britain (1991 to 2008) were analysed for evidence of spatial and temporal patterns or trends. Eighteen species were recorded sighted and/or stranded; key species were identified as bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) and minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata). There were significant decreases in bottlenose dolphin sightings and pod size but an increase in harbour porpoise and minke whale sightings. Cetacean strandings showed a recent decrease over time although there was a significant positive trend in harbour porpoise strandings that correlated with sightings. Incidence of sightings and strandings were both greater on the south coast than the north coast. When Marine Tour Operator data were analysed, distinct species-specific inshore and offshore habitat use was evident. With rigorous interrogation and editing, significant patterns and trends were gained from incidentally collected data, highlighting the importance of public engagement with such recording schemes and the potential of these underused resources.
Random Graphs with Few Disjoint Cycles
Authors: KURAUSKAS VALENTAS , McDIARMID COLIN 
Published: June 2011

The classical Erdős–Pósa theorem states that for each positive integer k there is an f(k) such that, in each graph G which does not have k + 1 disjoint cycles, there is a blocker of size at most f(k); that is, a set B of at most f(k) vertices such that G−B has no cycles. We show that, amongst all such graphs on vertex set {1,. . .,n}, all but an exponentially small proportion have a blocker of size k. We also give further properties of a random graph sampled uniformly from this class, concerning uniqueness of the blocker, connectivity, chromatic number and clique number.A key step in the proof of the main theorem is to show that there must be a blocker as in the Erdős–Pósa theorem with the extra ‘redundancy’ property that B–v is still a blocker for all but at most k vertices v ∈ B.
The use of etomidate infusions during anaesthesia for cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: ODURO A. , TOMLINSON A. A. , VOICE A. , DAVIES G. K. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia were studied on the plasma concentration and metabolism of a continuous infusion of etomidate in six patients. Continuous etomidate infusions (20 μg/kg/minute) with analgesic cover may be a suitable anaesthetic for cardiac surgery. This rate of infusion provides adequate plasma concentrations, and it would appear unnecessary from the results to alter the rate of infusion during cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia.
Staphylococcus aureus regulates the expression and production of the staphylococcal superantigen‐like secreted proteins in a Rot‐dependent manner
Authors: Benson Meredith A. , Lilo Sarit , Wasserman Gregory A. , Thoendel Matthew , Smith Amanda , Horswill Alexander R. , Fraser John , Novick Richard P. , Shopsin Bo , Torres Victor J. 
Published: June 2011

Summary Staphylococcus aureus overproduces a subset of immunomodulatory proteins known as the staphylococcal superantigen‐like proteins (Ssls) under conditions of pore‐mediated membrane stress. In this study we demonstrate that overproduction of Ssls during membrane stress is due to the impaired activation of the two‐component module of the quorum‐sensing accessory gene regulator (Agr) system. Agr‐dependent repression of ssl expression is indirect and mediated by the transcription factor repressor of toxins (Rot). Surprisingly, we observed that Rot directly interacts with and activates the ssl promoters. The role of Agr and Rot as regulators of ssl expression was observed across several clinically relevant strains, suggesting that overproduction of immunomodulatory proteins benefits agr‐defective strains. In support of this notion, we demonstrate that Ssls contribute to the residual virulence of S. aureus lacking agr in a murine model of systemic infection. Altogether, these results suggest that S. aureus compensates for the inactivation of Agr by producing immunomodulatory exoproteins that could protect the bacterium from host‐mediated clearance.
Gastro‐oesophageal reflux, eosinophilic airway inflammation and chronic cough
Authors: PACHECO ADALBERTO , FARO VICENTA , COBETA IGNACIO , ROYUELA ANA , MOLYNEUX IAN , MORICE ALYN H. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Patients with eosinophilic airway inflammation (EAI) often show a therapeutic response to corticosteroids. Non‐invasive methods of diagnosing EAI are potentially useful in guiding therapy, particularly in conditions such as chronic cough, for which corticosteroids may not be the first‐line treatment.Methods:  The value of exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) in the diagnosis of EAI was prospectively investigated in a cohort of 116 patients with chronic cough of varying aetiology. An optimum cut‐off value was derived for differentiating between EAI and non‐EAI causes of chronic cough. As the diagnosis was gastro‐oesophageal reflux in 70 patients (60.3% of the total), the possible relationship between ENO and EAI in the presence or absence of reflux was subsequently investigated.Results:  The optimum value of ENO for differentiating EAI (32% of patients) from non‐EAI causes of cough was 33 parts per billion (sensitivity 60.5%, specificity 84.6%). In the subgroup of patients with reflux, ENO was highly specific for the diagnosis of EAI (sensitivity 66%, specificity 100%). Conversely, in the patients without reflux, ENO did not discriminate between cough due to EAI or other causes (sensitivity 100%, specificity 28.9%).Conclusions:  These results suggest that the presence or absence of reflux should be taken into consideration when interpreting ENO measurements in the diagnosis of chronic cough associated with EAI.
Histopathological diagnostics of malignant melanoma in accordance with the recent AJCC classification 2009: Review of the literature and recommendations for general practice
Authors: Garbe Claus , Eigentler Thomas K. , Bauer Jürgen , Blödorn‐Schlicht Norbert , Fend Falko , Hantschke Markus , Kurschat Peter , Kutzner Heinz , Metze Dieter , Preßler Harald , Reusch Michael , Röcken Martin , Stadler Rudolf , Tronnier Michael , Yazdi Amir , Metzler Gisela 
Published: June 2011

SummaryBackground: TNM classifications are the basis for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in oncology. Histopathological reports have to enable a proper indexing of tumor specific findings into recent classifications.Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify reports dealing with the assessment of mitotic rate and the processing and evaluation of sentinel node biopsies in malignant melanoma. On the basis of this review an expert panel of dermatopathologists and general pathologists discussed and agreed recommendations for general practice.Results: Following recommendations were agreed with a broad consensus (93–100 % agreement): The determination of the mitotic rate in primary melanoma is performed on HE slides. The evaluation of an area of 1 mm2 is sufficient. Only dermal mitoses are considered. The counted number of mitoses is provided as an integer value. The mitotic rate shall be determined in primary melanomas of ≤1.00 mm vertical tumor thickness according to the hot‐spot method and provided as an integer value in relation to an area of 1 mm2. The determination of the mitotic rate in the case of thicker primary melanomas is desirable. In general, for the evaluation of each sentinel lymph node, 4 slides should be prepared. For diagnostic purposes, immunohistochemistry (preferably with antibodies against S100ß, Melan A and HMB‐45) should be performed in addition to HE staining. The pathology report should provide information about micro‐metastases and their longest extension (one‐tenth of a millimeter).Conclusions: These recommendations are suitable for standardizing the histopathological diagnosis of malignant melanoma and for providing a common basis for clinical decisions and scientific research.
Inhibitory Effect of a Nucleotide Analog on Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infection
Authors: Rivas-Aravena Andrea , Vallejos-Vidal Eva , Cortez-San Martin Marcelo , Reyes-Lopez Felipe , Tello Mario , Mora Patricia , Sandino Ana María , Spencer Eugenio 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), which belongs to the
Orthomyxoviridae
family, has been responsible for major losses in the salmon industry, with mortalities close to 100% in areas where Atlantic salmon (
Salmo salar
) is grown. This work studied the effect of ribavirin (1-β-
d
-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole-3-carbaxaide), a broad-spectrum antiviral compound with proven ability to inhibit the replicative cycle of the DNA and RNA viruses. The results show that ribavirin was able to inhibit the infectivity of ISAV in
in vitro
assays. In these assays, a significant inhibition of the replicative viral cycle was observed with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC
50
) of 0.02 μg/ml and an IC
90
of 0.4 μg/ml of ribavirin. After ribavirin treatment, viral proteins were not detectable and a reduction of viral mRNA association with ribosomes was observed. Ribavirin does not affect the levels of EF1a, nor its association with polysomes, suggesting that the inhibition of RNA synthesis occurs specifically for the virus mRNAs and not for cellular mRNAs. Moreover, ribavirin caused a significant reduction in genomic and viral RNA messenger levels. The study of the inhibitory mechanism showed that it was not reversed by the addition of guanosine. Furthermore,
in vivo
assays showed a reduction in the mortality of
Salmo salar
by more than 90% in fish infected with ISAV and treated with ribavirin without adverse effects. In fact, these results show that ribavirin is an antiviral that could be used to prevent ISAV replication either
in vitro
or
in vivo
.
Nocturnal enuresis in patients taking clozapine, risperidone,
olanzapine and quetiapine: comparative cohort study
Authors: Harrison-Woolrych Mira , Skegg Keren , Ashton Janelle , Herbison Peter , Skegg David C. G. 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundNocturnal enuresis has been reported in patients taking clozapine, but
the incidence has not been accurately established. The incidence of
enuresis in patients taking risperidone, olanzapine or quetiapine is
unknown.AimsTo compare nocturnal enuresis in patients taking clozapine with that in
patients taking risperidone, olanzapine or quetiapine.MethodObservational cohort study using prescription event monitoring methods.
Patients prescribed atypical antipsychotic medicines were followed up by
questionnaires that were sent to their medical practitioner.
Practitioners were asked to directly ask their patients about
bed-wetting.ResultsNocturnal enuresis was reported by 17 of 82 (20.7%) patients taking
clozapine, 11 of 115 (9.6%) taking olanzapine, 7 of 105 (6.7%) taking
quetiapine and 12 of 195 (6.2%) taking risperidone. Compared with
clozapine, the risk of nocturnal enuresis was significantly lower in
patients taking olanzapine (odds ratio, OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.19–0.96),
quetiapine (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.59) or risperidone (OR = 0.27,
0.12–0.59), with odds ratios adjusted for age, gender and duration of
treatment.ConclusionsApproximately one in five patients prescribed clozapine experienced
bed-wetting. This was significantly higher than the rate of nocturnal
enuresis in patients taking olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone.
Using Extended Cognitive Behavioral Treatment and Medication to Treat Dependent Smokers
Authors: Hall Sharon M. , Humfleet Gary L. , Muñoz Ricardo F. , Reus Victor I. , Prochaska Judith J. , Robbins Julie A. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. We evaluated smoking-cessation efficacy of an extended course of sustained-release bupropion (bupropion SR) and cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT). Methods. Participants who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day and who smoked within 30 minutes of arising (n = 406) completed a 12-week smoking-cessation treatment including group counseling, nicotine-replacement therapy, and bupropion SR. Participants were then randomly assigned to 1 of 5 conditions: (1) no further treatment, (2) active bupropion SR for 40 weeks, (3) placebo for 40 weeks, (4) active bupropion SR and 11 sessions of CBT for 40 weeks (A-CBT), or (5) placebo and 11 sessions of CBT for 40 weeks. Participants were assessed at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 52, 64, and 104. Results. A-CBT was not superior to the other 3 extended treatments. From weeks 12 through 104, all extended treatment conditions were superior to standard treatment. At weeks 64 and 104, the 2 CBT conditions produced significantly higher abstinence rates than did the other 3 conditions. Conclusions. Brief contact with providers can increase abstinence during treatment. CBT may increase long-term abstinence after extended treatment is terminated.