bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND SEASONAL MATING ACTIVITY OF TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Fockler C. E. , Borden John H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMating frequency and behavior of five color-coded adults of each sex of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) were observed for 1 hour periods in petri dish arenas. Mating activity was evaluated by recording each incident in which a male assumed the "precopulatory" position on a female for a minimum of 10 seconds. Newly emerged brood adults mated with very low frequency. The mating activity of revived overwintering beetles increased throughout the winter. In February there was a sudden rise in activity to an intensity approaching that of sexually active "spring" populations of March and April. This pattern, as well as the recovery of locomotion upon warming throughout the winter, provides evidence that overwintering populations undergo only a reproductive diapause, or hibernation. Mating activity of excavating parents fell to one-half that of spring beetles within 2 weeks of host invasion and declined further after 4 weeks. Parents that had recently emerged from brood logs had negligible mating activity. Flight was not an essential prerequisite to mating. There was no prolonged delay between initial contact of the sexes and mounting, and no observable courtship. Behaviorally, the male was the aggressive partner; the female was passive and nonresisting. Multiple matings by both sexes, with the same or different partners, and mounting of mating couples and other males by males were observed. The average duration of mounting was 1.75 minutes and, when copulation occurred, 3.35 minutes; dissections showed that this period was sufficient for insemination. Pronounced reduction of mounting and copulation activity occurred within 30 to 40 minutes of initial contact with the opposite sex. Mating frequency depended primarily on the maturity and vigor of the male, although the maturity of females had a slight effect.
EMERGENCE TRAP COLLECTIONS OF TRICHOPTERA FROM AN OREGON STREAM
Authors: Anderson N. H. , Wold Janet L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult Trichoptera of 39 species representing 11 families were collected from 4 emergence traps in Oak Creek, Corvallis, Ore., between May 1968 and December 1970. Glossosomatidae and Limnephilidae were the most abundant families, but Rhyacophilidae was represented by the most species. Relative abundance, seasonal occurrence, sex ratios, and ecological segregation of related species are discussed.
ANNOTATED LIST OF SPIDERS (ARANEAE) FROM HAYFIELDS AND THEIR MARGINS IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Fox C. J. S. , Dondale C. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe spider fauna of three hayfields and their margins in Nova Scotia was sampled by means of pitfall traps from May to October, 1960. Eleven families were represented and comprised 35 genera and 55 species. Specimens of the genus Pardosa were trapped in greatest numbers.
PHEROMONES OFIPS PINI(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): VARIATION IN RESPONSE AMONG THREE POPULATIONS
Authors: Lanier Gerald N. , Birch Martin C. , Schmitz Richard F. , Furniss Malcolm M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractReciprocal field tests of attraction between populations ofIps pini(Say) from California, Idaho, and New York disclosed geographic variation in pheromone systems. These differences reside both in pheromone production and reception. However, it is unknown whether variation in the pheromone bouquets is qualitative, quantitative, or both.In New York, both sexes responded in higher numbers to their own pheromone than that produced by California or Idaho males. In California, beetles of both sexes discriminated against New York, but in Idaho only females made this distinction. In both California and Idaho, the local population showed a slight preference for the pheromone produced by Idaho males over that produced by California males.The predatorEnoclerus lecontei(Wolc.) demonstrated a four-fold preference for attractants produced by males from New York over those produced by beetles from California and Idaho. The parasitoidTomicobia tibialisAshmead showed the opposite trend.There is no evidence that geographic variation in the pheromones produced byI.piniis sufficient to enforce breeding isolation between adjacent populations. However, these results dramatize the necessity of considering pheromonal variability in programs applying pheromones for the survey and control of widely distributed pests.
RESIN CRYSTALLIZATION RELATED TO WEEVIL RESISTANCE IN WHITE PINE (PINUS STROBUS)
Authors: Buijtenen J. P. van , Santamour Frank S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDifferences in weevil attack between trees containing crystallizing and non-crystallizing resin were observed. Among twenty non-crystallizers only three trees were successfully attacked by the white-pine weevil. About 50% of the remaining population was successfully attacked. Resin crystallization can thus be used as a characteristic to screen for resistance to the white-pine weevil.Since several other characteristics such as leader diameter, depth of cortical resin ducts and bark thickness are also related to weevil resistance, a discriminant function could be developed to maximize discrimination between susceptible and resistant trees by a properly weighted combination of characteristics related to weevil resistance.
PHOTOTACTIC ACTION SPECTRUM FOR WHITEFLY AND THE QUESTION OF COLOUR VISION
Authors: Macdowall Fergus D. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe peak of phototactic response ofTrialeurodes(Asterochitori)vaporariorum(Westw.) to equal numbers of quanta of monochromatic light in the range 475–625 mμ occurred at 540–550 mμ. and a hump of "red" sensitivity occurred near 600 mμ. This coincided with the transmission spectrum of host leaves. The response to light intensity was hyperbolic but it was linear within the variance in the range used for the action spectrum. Corrections were made for decreasing sensitivity during experiments. The absorption spectrum of a pigmented eye-preparation included a shoulder at the wavelength that caused maximal phototaxy. Work on greenhouse light traps is recommended. Preliminary colorimetric data did not support a capacity for colour vision.
THE CHORIONIC ARCHITECTURE OF ZELUS EXSANGUIS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)
Authors: Salkeld E. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe chorionic structure of the main body and the specialized opercular region in the egg of Zelus exsanguis (Stål) is described. The chorionic architecture of this species is typical of the ova in the Harpactorinae.
SYSTEMATIC NOTES AND NEW SYNONYMY IN THE GENUS CENOCORIXA (HEMIPTERA: CORIXIDAE)
Authors: Jansson Antti 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Cenocorixa Hungerford is shown to contain only eight valid species. New synonymy and systematic changes are given as is a revised key to males of the genus. Variation is noted in some of the characters used for specific identifications.
NOTES ON EMBIDOBIINI (SCELIONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS
Authors: Masner Lubomir , Dessart Paul 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEndecascelio stipitipennis n. gen. and n. sp. is described from Central Africa (former Belgian Congo). The extent and interrelationships of the tribe Embidobiini are discussed. A diagnosis of the tribe and a key to genera of the world is given.The genus Embidobia Ashmead is for the first time reported from the Oligocene of Baltic amber.
THE SOLDIER FLIES OF CANADA AND ALASKA (DIPTERA: STRATIOMYIDAE): I. BERIDINAE, SARGINAE, AND CLITELLARIINAE
Authors: McFadden M. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn Canada and Alaska, the Stratiomyidae are represented by six subfamilies containing 23 genera (less Caloparyphus) and 84 species. This paper treats three of the subfamilies, the Beridinae, Sarginae and Clitellariinae which include 15 genera and 21 species.The vast amount of information that has accumulated over the years since 1927 when Dr. Corran published his synopsis of the family has been assembled and reviewed. This includes recent changes in nomenclature, information on adults and immature stages, notes on biology and distribution records. In addition, keys have been provided for adults and larvae (where possible) at the subfamilial, tribal, generic and specific levels.
A REFINED METHOD OF HANDLING ROOT MAGGOT LARVAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) FOR BIOASSAY
Authors: Read D. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method is described for rearing and selecting strong, robust populations of first-stage root larvae for bioassay of insecticide toxicants in soil and host plant tissue. Oviposition dishes are placed in cages with flies for a 6-hour period 3 times a week. The eggs are then incubated on silk cloth over moist blotting paper in petri dishes at 21° to 22 °C until they hatch. When the larvae move away from the empty egg cases to a food supply, they are transferred to the centre of another piece of silk cloth lying fiat on a wet sponge. The strongest of the larvae move most quickly outward from the central mass and are transferred to holding trays and later set up for bioassay with plant tissue or treated soil. The weaker larvae are discarded. In 24- to 48-hour tests with larvae obtained by this method, there was no mortality in untreated samples. When larvae were reared to maturity, mortality in untreated media averaged approximately 6% in several hundred tests conducted from 1969 to 1971.
LIFE CYCLES OF SOME SPECIES OF TRIATOMA (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)
Authors: Carcavallo Rodolfo U. , Martínez Antonio 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis report deals with studies of the biology of 10 species of the genus Triatoma Laporte, all of which were collected in Argentina and reared in the Microbiology and Parasitology Institute of the School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires.The specific purpose of the study was to determine, for each species, average values for number of eggs per female, proportion of eggs hatching, time required for hatching and for the development of each instar nymph, the longevity of female and male adults, and the length of egg-adult and egg–egg cycles.These studies extend the knowledge of the biology of vector species of Chagas’ disease and have been done in conjunction with studies of the geographical distribution of the insects.
EVALUATION OF THE TREE-BEATING METHOD FOR SAMPLING DEFOLIATING FOREST INSECTS
Authors: Harris J. W. E. , Collis D. G. , Magar K. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA procedure for sampling defoliating forest insect larvae by beating them from foliage, used by the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forestry Service to record population trends and predict future damage and control need in British Columbia, was tested over 150,000 acres on Vancouver Island. The parameters used were average numbers of larvae per collection and percentage positive collections. Results on the test species Acleris gloverana (Wlshm.) and Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.), on host Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., indicated that for low (normal) population levels the present system of choosing three-tree samples along roadsides was satisfactory but that weather conditions markedly affected sample results.
A BRIEF REVISION OF THE NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OFMEGASOMA(COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Hardy Alan R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genusMegasomaKirby as it occurs in North and Central America is discussed, and the taxonomic history of this group in this area is reviewed. A key is presented to aid in the separation of the 10 forms currently known from these areas, as well as one species that may be taken in the future. Each species is illustrated and discussed. Three new species,Megasoma sleeperifrom Southern California,Megasoma cedrosafrom Central Baja California, andMegasoma leconteifrom Southern Baja California, are described.
ATTRACTION AND REPRESSION OFDENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) BY THREE SYNTHETIC PHEROMONES IN TRAPS IN OREGON AND IDAHO
Authors: Rudinsky J. A. , Furniss M. M. , Kline L. N. , Schmitz R. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractComparative tests were made in Oregon and Idaho employing sticky traps with three synthetic pheromones ofDendroctonus pseudotsugaeHopkins, frontalin, 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, andtrans-verbenol, and the host attractants Douglas-fir resin, alpha-pinene, and camphene. The attractiveness of frontalin combined with host volatiles reported earlier from Idaho was confirmed. The combination oftrans-verbenol with frontalin plus camphene in Oregon brought the highest response among synthetic treatments, but the addition oftrans-verbenolto other treatments with frontalin sometimes decreased beetle response.3-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one almost nullified the attractiveness of all baits tested. The practical use of such a compound to prevent beetle aggregation and protect susceptible Douglas-fir trees as well as to regulate the "spillover" from attractive baits is considered as a possible new method of protection against bark beetles.
THE CLASSIFICATION AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF THORONINI (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe tribe Thoronini Kozlov, 1970 as interpreted here in its broader sense includes also the tribes Pseudanteridini and Tiphodytini as proposed by Kozlov (1970), i.e. the following genera:ThoronHaliday, 1833,Neothoronn. gen.,PseudanterisFouts, 1927,Thoronellan. gen.,Microthoronn. gen.,Tanaodytesn. gen., andTiphodytesBradley, 1902. The new taxa described are:Neothoron lautusn. gen. and n. sp., Ecuador;Thoronella elegansn. gen. and n. sp., Brazil;Microthoron baeoidesn. gen. and n. sp., Malaya;Tanaodytes longipesn. gen. and n. sp., Malaya;Tanaodytes sororn. sp., Ceylon;Tiphodytes godavarin. sp., Nepal;Tiphodytes mymarn. sp., Malaya;Tiphodytes selangorn. sp., Malaya.The generaThoron,Pseudanteris, andTiphodytesare recorded for the first time in Canada. The nameCalliscelioAshmead, 1893 is considered a synonym ofCaloteleaWestwood, 1837 (new synonymy).The species of Thoronini, the biology of which is known, parasitize eggs of water Heteroptera (Gerridae, Nepidae) and it is assumed that most if not all species of this tribe either live in, or are closely associated with, aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. This is inferred, in the case of species for which definite information is lacking, from the sites in which the adults have been collected, all of which were near water.
SOUND PRODUCING STRUCTURES IN ADULT CICINDELA TRANQUEBARICA (COLEOPTERA: CICINDELIDAE) INCLUDING A LIST OF TIGER BEETLES AND GROUND BEETLES WITH FLIGHT WING FILES
Authors: Freitag R. , Lee S. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStridulatory structures of the flight wings and elytra, and a dorsal chamber in the thoracic abdominal junction of C. traquebarica Herbst are described. The functions of these structures are considered. A list is provided of 62 species of tiger beetles and 13 species of ground beetles which have stridulatory files on the flight wings.
THE LARVAE OF CANADIAN ARCTIC NOCTUIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Mackay Margaret R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive species of Noctuidae are known to occur in the Canadian far north: Anarta richardsoni Curt., Lasiestra leucocycla Staud., Sympistis labradoris Staud., Syngrapha parilis Hbn., and an Apamea species that is probably exulis Duponchel. The larvae of these species are described and illustrated. A key to them has been prepared, although they can be distinguished without difficulty except for some specimens of Anarta richardsoni and Lasiestra leucocycla.
ESTABLISHMENT IN MAINE, NOVA SCOTIA, AND NEW BRUNSWICK OF OLESICAMPE BENEFACTOR (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE), AN INTRODUCED ICHNEUMONID PARASITE OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Embree D. G. , Underwood G. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSmall numbers (147–388) of Olesicampe benefactor Hinz, a European ichneumonid parasite of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), were released in Maine, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick in 1967. The parasite became established and has survived through two winters at five release points, and three winters on three release sites; on two sites the continued survival of the parasites is unconfirmed because of the collapse of the host population. O. benefactor is known to disperse slowly and even if it is successful in controlling the sawfly in the release areas, control over large areas may require releases at many locations.The subject of the range of host densities at which parasite releases should be made to ensure the greatest parasite production per parasite released, and hence the greatest chance of successful establishment, is discussed.
DIEL PERIODICITIES OF EMERGENCE OF SOME HIGH ARCTIC CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Danks H. V. , Oliver D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe diel periodicities of emergence of seven species of chironomids from two ponds in the Hazen Camp area (81°49′ N., 71°18′ W.) are considered in relation to physical factors. Emergence of all species is greatest during the middle part of the day: an increase in water temperature induces emergence and a decrease inhibits it, whereas changes in light intensity, ultraviolet radiation, sunshine, and wind appear to have no effect on the diel emergence pattern. In a shallow pond, males emerge slightly earlier in the day than females in some species. In the same pond also, emergence, particularly of females, is sometimes distinctly bimodal. In a deeper tarn where the diel temperature fluctuation is very small there is a single peak, which is less pronounced than in the shallow pond.That temperature controls the periodicity of emergence implies that short-term temperature changes which may inhibit adult activity are of great importance in the high arctic. At these latitudes, changes in light intensity evidently do not reliably indicate to the emerging organisms temperatures which fluctuate near critical thresholds for activity.
OVIPOSITION AND LONGEVITY OF THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Cheng H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the laboratory, the mean number of eggs laid per female of the dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), fed on honey solution was 1303.8; when given water alone 261.3; and 86.4 when held without food or water. Adult food significantly increased the longevity and oviposition period and reduced the pre-oviposition period. There was no significant difference between the weight of male and female pupae. The weight of the female pupae was significantly correlated with: the oviposition period; the number of eggs laid; the longevity, except moths fed on honey solution; but not the pre-oviposition period, regardless of food taken as adults. Females fed on honey solution mated successfully, 30% of them more than once. When given water or nothing the number of mated females was reduced. Dissections showed that adult food accelerated the development of eggs and increased the fecundity potential.
SOME MINERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE PEA APHID,ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Auclair J. L. , Srivastava P. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPerformance of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris), on a holidic diet containing different metal ions was studied by individually incorporating into the diet a salt of the metal ion to be tested. The performance of the pea aphid was markedly improved when the diet contained iron; the first-generation adults reproduced, and the second-generation nymphs moulted twice or thrice, but did not reach the adult stage. Molybdenum, boron, and copper, at certain concentrations, induced the production of some live nymphs, but manganese, zinc, calcium, and cobalt did not. However, the presence of zinc, cobalt and calcium, at most of the concentrations used, slightly improved growth and reduced mortality. Furthermore, the presence of calcium appeared essential for development to the adult stage. Tolerance to all these metals was fairly high, but sodium molybdate at a concentration of 50.0 mg, and sodium borate at concentrations of 40–100 mg/100 ml of diet, appeared to reach toxic levels.Iron was found to be essential for reproduction and a range of 53–211 μg of elemental iron per 100 ml of diet appeared to be optimum. It is suggested that a synergistic effect between at least some of these metals is required for continuous reproduction of the pea aphid.
REPLACEMENT OF TYPHLODROMUS OCCIDENTALIS BY T. CAUDIGLANS AND T. PYRI (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) AFTER CESSATION OF SPRAYS ON APPLE TREES
Authors: Downing R. S. , Moilliet T. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOrganophosphorus sprays were applied during 1968 and 1969 to an unsprayed but otherwise well cared for apple orchard to destroy the resident phytoseiid predators, Typhlodromus caudiglans Schuster and T. pyri Scheuten. The phytoseiid commonly found in commercial orchards in British Columbia, T. occidentalis Nesbitt, was then released into the orchard.The population density of T. occidentalis increased greatly during 1970 but in the absence of sprays the resident predators reappeared. By the end of the 1971 season, T. caudiglans and T. pyri were once again the main phytoseiid predators and T. occidentalis was relegated to an insignificant role.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF CERTAIN SOIL ARTHROPODS IN A FENITROTHION-TREATED RED SPRUCE STAND
Authors: Carter N. E. , Brown N. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study investigates certain arthropod predator elements of the soil fauna of a mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stand. It presents differences between abundance 2 years prior to and 1 year after aerial spraying with fenitrothion at 2 and 3 oz per acre.One species of centipede, one species of pseudoscorpion, and three species of harvestmen were noted in fewer numbers during the year of spraying. Higher numbers occurred the following year. Spiders of the family Erigonidae showed no marked difference in numbers during the course of the study. Most other spiders were encountered in reduced numbers during the spray year but rebounded next year.Apparently, fenitrothion does cause temporary reduced abundance of at least some predacious arthropod components of the soil fauna. The effect of such changes in the insect community on soil processes remains unknown; even more so, the influence of repeated annual applications of fenitrothion remains undetermined.
NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF TELENOMUS COELODASIDIS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE SADDLED PROMINENT, HETEROCAMPA GUTTIVITTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE)
Authors: Ticehurst Mark , Allen Douglas C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA biological study of Telenomus coelodasidis Ashm. revealed a close temporal synchronization between this egg parasitoid and its primary host, Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlkr.). The wasp reproduced parthenogenetically in the laboratory and completed development in unfertilized host eggs. Wasp activity was greatest at relatively low temperatures, and longevity was significantly greater when individuals were provided with food. The second and third stage larvae and the pupa are described, as well as the sequence of visible changes occurring in parasitized host eggs. The egg stage of H. guttivitia should be sampled about 5–7 days after peak oviposition by the host, and eggs held for 4–6 days to obtain an accurate estimate of apparent mortality.
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE HIGHER SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENETIC CONCEPTS IN ENTOMOLOGY
Authors: Scudder G. G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews recent work on the higher systematics of insects and summarizes the various phylogenetic concepts advocated. It is evident that there is considerable difference of opinion. This is likely to prevail since the fossil record is inadequate. It is suggested that a numerical analysis of the insects at the Order level might be profitable.