bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and physical properties of isostearic acids and their esters
Authors: Ngo Helen L. , Dunn Robert O. , Sharma Brajendra , Foglia Thomas A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSaturated branched‐chain fatty acids (sbc‐FAs) are found as minor constituents in several natural fats and oils. Sbc‐FAs are of interest since they have lower melting points than their linear counterparts and exhibit good oxidative stability; properties that make them ideally suited in a number of applications. We (and others) have previously synthesized sbc‐FAs by clay‐ or zeolite‐catalyzed isomerization of unsaturated linear‐chain fatty acids (ulc‐FAs) to unsaturated branched‐chain fatty acids (ubc‐FAs) that were subsequently hydrogenated to the desired sbc‐FAs. These acid‐catalyzed isomerization reactions, however, proceed in moderate conversion and selectivity. Recently, our group found that H‐Ferrierite zeolite catalyst isomerized ulc‐FAs to their branched‐chain counterparts in high conversion (>95%) and selectivity (85%). This paper reports the use of this type of catalyst for the preparation of a series of sbc‐FAs and their ester derivatives. Selected physical properties of these branched acids and esters such as cloud point (CP) and pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), viscosity index (VI), thermo‐oxidation stability, iodine value, and lubricity are also reported.
Interference effects from coexisting fatty acids on elaidic acid separation by fractionating crystallization: A model study
Authors: Jala Ram Chandra Reddy , Guo Zheng , Bjerring Thomas , Xu Xuebing 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA multi‐stage temperature‐programmed fractionating crystallization process was carried out to examine the effects of the presence of stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), and linoleic acid (LA) on the separation of elaidic acid (EA). The results showed that the efficiency of fractionating crystallization of EA depended largely on the crystallization temperature, initial concentration of EA and presence of SA. The content of SA plays very important role for the fractionating performance. It was a characteristic observation that only when SA <2%, substantial crystallization of EA (>50% in stepwise crystal fractions) were obtained regardless of the initial concentration of SA. In general, SA induced crystallization of EA in earlier stage but delayed further crystallization of EA in later stage; the crystallization of EA was independent from co‐existing OA and LA. After reduction of EA content in solution to certain extent (7–10%, at −20°C), further reduction of EA content requires much lower crystallization temperatures (<−40°C, ∼5%) with significant loss of OA, indicating the limitation of the method. Instead, SA content could be easily reduced down to low concentration (∼0.5%, at −20°C).Practical applications: Presently, development of methodologies for the removal of trans‐fatty acids (TFA) from partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO) is of high commercial interest. One of the strategies is to selectively release TFAs as free fatty acids from PHSO enzymatically. However, all commercially available enzymes are far away from qualified to selectively release TFAs, where there are always substantial non‐trans FAs hydrolyzed simultaneously. Therefore, developing post‐processing technology is requisite in order to recover those non‐trans fatty acids. Thus, this model system was designed based on FA composition characteristic of PHSO, which aimed to acquire some basic data and experience that lack in available literatures, so as to serve designing efficient practical process for removing trans‐fatty acid moieties from PHSO. The results from this work may be of general value to achieve a better understanding of fractionating crystallization behaviors of different FAs, relationship with individual molecular feature and property, and their interference effects, which might contribute to the design of practically feasible protocol to remove TFAs from PHSO and recover non‐trans FAs at the same time.
Oxidative degradation and polymerization of methyl parathion catalyzed by fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) seed peroxidase
Authors: Husain Qayyum , Karim Zoheb , Rizvi Zaigham Abbas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the present study, peroxidase from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) seeds was used for the oxidative degradation and polymerization of an organophosphorus pesticide, methyl parathion. Methyl parathion was recalcitrant to the action of fenugreek seed peroxidase. In order to oxidize methyl parathion effectively byperoxidase, the role of some redox mediators has been investigated. The maximum oxidation of methyl parathion was observed in the presence of 0.3 mM phenol, 0.8 mM H2O2, and 0.5 U mL−1 of fenugreek seed peroxidase in the buffer of pH 4.0 at 40°C for 2.5 h. The oxidation of methyl parathion by peroxidase was quite effective in batch process, 71% the compound was removed in 7.5 h. The absorption spectra of treated methyl parathion exhibited a marked difference in the absorbance at different wavelengths as compared to untreated compound. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
Biogeomorphology: understanding different research approaches
Authors: Haussmann N. S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGeomorphologists and ecologists commonly employ different scientific approaches to data collection and validation. Ecologists often employ a more statistics‐based approach, whereas geomorphologists place less emphasis on replication and significance testing and more often focus on multiple‐parameter measurements and theoretical reasoning. These differences in approach could slow down collaboration between the fields and hinder integration in biogeomorphology. Such integrated research is necessary, however, if both fields are to benefit from the knowledge and experience of the other. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why do young women smoke? VII COMT as a risk modifying gene for Nicotine dependence – role of gene–gene interaction, personality, and environmental factors
Authors: Greenbaum Lior , Kanyas Kyra Sarner , Rigbi Amihai , Alkelai Anna , Kohn Yoav , Lerer Bernard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectivesCatechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) may be a risk modifying gene for Nicotine dependence (ND) rather than a direct susceptibility gene for this phenotype. Brain nicotinic cholinergic receptors modulate dopaminergic transmission, and several variants within the neighboring CHRNA5–CHRNA3 genes have been associated with ND. Therefore, it is biologically reasonable to study the interactive contribution of COMT and the CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 genes to ND.MethodsUsing a case‐control sample of 90 young, Israeli, Jewish female smokers (FTND ≥ 4) and 108 controls (FTND = 0 during heaviest period of smoking), we studied association with ND of 8 COMT tagging SNPs, their interaction with tagging CHRNA5–A3 SNPs and the role of background, personality, and environmental factors.ResultsNone of the COMT SNPs were associated directly with ND. In pairwise interaction analysis of SNPs from the two loci (COMT SNP–CHRNA5–CHRNA3 SNP), the interaction of intronic COMT SNP, rs9332377, with CHRNA3 3′UTR SNP rs660652 was significantly associated with ND (p = 0.0005), withstanding correction for multiple testing.ConclusionAddition of the genetic interaction variable into a model of non‐genetic ND predictors [parental smoking, novelty seeking (NS), and lifetime history of trauma], substantially increases the percentage of ND variance explained by the model, as well as the percentage of cases correctly identified by it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles, Nanotubes, Nanopans, and Graphene‐like Structures of Boron Nitride
Authors: Raidongia Kalyan , Gomathi A. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBy heating H3BO3 with urea in 1 : 6 molar ratio, nanoparticles and nanotubes of BN are obtained. The urea–boric acid reaction can also be exploited to obtain graphene analogues of BN, with the number of layers depending on the relative proportions of the two reactants. Synthesis with a high proportion of urea yields a product containing graphene analogues of BN with an average of 2 layers. The surface area of BN increases with the decreasing number of layers, and the high‐surface‐area BN also exhibits high CO2 adsorption. Few‐layer BN can be solubilized by interaction with Lewis bases. Nanopans and nanosheets formed by graphene‐like BN are generated by the vapor phase reaction of NH3 and BBr3 at 1223 K. Nanopans of BN, being reported for the first time, have a bottom comprising single‐layer BN and a wall of 0.7 nm height. The average inner volume of the nanopan is around 400 nm3.
Drug binding to Sudlow's site I impairs allosterically human serum heme‐albumin‐catalyzed peroxynitrite detoxification
Authors: Ascenzi Paolo , Bolli Alessandro , Gullotta Francesca , Fanali Gabriella , Fasano Mauro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHeme endows human serum albumin (HSA) with globin‐like reactivity and spectroscopic properties. Here, the effect of chlorpropamide, digitoxin, furosemide, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, sulfisoxazole, tolbutamide, and warfarin on peroxynitrite isomerization to NOby ferric HSA‐heme (HSA‐heme‐Fe(III)) is reported. Drugs binding to Sudlow's site I impair dose‐dependently peroxynitrite isomerization by HSA‐heme‐Fe(III). The allosteric modulation of HSA‐heme‐Fe(III)‐mediated peroxynitrite isomerization by drugs has been ascribed to the pivotal role of Tyr150, a residue that either provides a polar environment in Sudlow's site I or protrudes into the heme cleft (i.e., the fatty acid site 1, FA1), depending on ligand occupancy of either sites. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(10): 776–780, 2010
Bone formation on carbon nanotube composite
Authors: Bhattacharya Mrinal , Wutticharoenmongkol‐Thitiwongsawet Patcharaporn , Hamamoto Darryl T. , Lee Dongjin , Cui Tianhong , Prasad Hari S. , Ahmad Mansur 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effects of a layer‐by‐layer assembled carbon nanotube composite (CNT‐comp) on osteoblasts in vitro and bone tissue in vivo in rats were studied. The effects of CNT‐comp on osteoblasts were compared against the effects by commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and tissue culture dishes. Cell proliferation on the CNT‐comp and cpTi were similar. However, cell differentiation, measured by alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization, was better on the CNT‐comp. When implanted in critical‐sized rat calvarial defect, the CNT‐comp permitted bone formation and bone repair without signs of rejection or inflammation. These data indicate that CNT‐comp may be a promising substrate for use as a bone implant or as a scaffold for tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2010.
Effects of patellar position and defect healing on in vitro stifle joint kinematics following removal of the central one‐third of the patellar tendon in an ovine model
Authors: Bertollo Nicky , Bell David James , Yu Yan , Walsh William Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHarvest of the central one‐third of the patella tendon (PT) is routinely performed for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Patella infera may ensue. In this study we unilaterally resected the central one‐third of the PT in 20 sheep, without reconstructing or defunctionalizing the native ACL, and examined the effects at 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively on PT length, histological appearance of the donor defect and in vitro stifle joint kinematics. Mean length increases (p > 0.263) in the operated tendons of 0.3%, 2.8%, 0.5%, and 2.4% were observed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. A significant proximal shift of the patella correlated well with a mean 2.35° retardation of patellar flexion (r = 0.440, p = 0.001). A mean net 4.9° decrease in medial patellar tilt was also observed (p < 0.001), but was not coupled with changes in tibial rotation. Donor defect tissue showed a distinct progression of healing with time, remodeling from dense scar tissue at 3 weeks to bundles of well‐organized collagen enveloped by vascularized loose connective tissue at 24 weeks but was not associated with the restoration of kinematics. These results suggest that resection of the central one‐third of the PT and leaving the defect open in the ovine stifle joint may be associated with increased PT length and changes in patellar kinematics which do not recover 6 months postoperatively. The lack of patella infera may render this animal model unsuitable for the interpretation of joint kinematics following PT resection for human ACLR. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:572–581, 2011
Potential involvement of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis through the modulation of chondrocyte gene expressions
Authors: Fujita Norifumi , Matsushita Takehiko , Ishida Kazunari , Kubo Seiji , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Takayama Koji , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSIRT1 has been implicated as a key factor in aging‐related diseases. Nevertheless, the role of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is still unknown. We examined the expression of SIRT1 in cartilage samples and the effect of SIRT1 inhibition on chondrocyte gene expression changes to elucidate the role of SIRT1 in chondrocytes. SIRT1 expression was examined using cartilage samples from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and femoral head replacement by immunohistochemistry. The effect of SIRT1 inhibition by siRNA on chondrocyte gene expression was examined by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. SIRT1 expression was barely detectable in the severely degenerated cartilage while SIRT1 was clearly expressed in the less damaged cartilage. The inhibition of SIRT1 by siRNA induced OA‐like gene expression changes, namely the significant down‐regulation ofaggrecanand up‐regulation ofCOL10A1andADAMTS‐5. Our observations suggest that SIRT1 expression decreases with development of OA and the reduction of SIRT1 in chondrocytes may cause chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix loss. SIRT1 might play important roles in the pathogenesis of OA. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:511–515, 2011
Surveying the traumatic stress literature: The effective use of bibliographic databases in preparing reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Lerner Fred , Hamblen Jessica L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe value of a systematic review or meta‐analysis depends upon the care with which it is designed and conducted. A major factor in this is the literature search that identifies the articles to be reviewed. Careful selection of bibliographic databases and the use of well‐designed search strategies based on the controlled vocabularies contained in published thesauri are essential to ensure retrieval of all relevant articles. This commentary offers suggestions for identifying the literature to be searched, designing a suitable search strategy, using a controlled vocabulary, and describing the bibliographic methodology underlying a systematic review or meta‐analysis.
Topical ciprofloxacin is superior to topical saline and systemic antibiotics in the treatment of tympanostomy tube otorrhea in children: The results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Heslop Anders , Lildholdt Torben , Gammelgaard Niels , Ovesen Therese 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To compare the clinical failure rates among children with otorrhea through tympanostomy tubes treated with topical or systemic antibiotics versus topical saline.Study Design:Randomized, double‐blind, controlled patient study.Methods:A three‐armed randomized clinical trial using topical ciprofloxacin or oral amoxicillin or topical saline. The primary outcome was treatment failure defined as presence of otorrhea in at least one ear after 7 days of treatment.Results:The treatment failure rates were 23% and 70% in the group treated with topical ciprofloxacin and oral amoxicillin, respectively. Treatment failures were seen in 58% of children treated with topical saline. Thus, topical ciprofloxacin significantly reduced treatment failures compared to both oral amoxicillin and topical saline. The most frequent bacteria isolated from treatment failures in general were streptococci and Moraxella catarrhalis.Conclusions:The significant effect of topical ciprofloxacin is probably related to a higher local concentration of antibiotics in the middle ear rather than the result of mechanical rinsing and dissolution of the bacterial load. Laryngoscope, 2010
Bilateral vascular supply in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas
Authors: Wu Arthur W. , Mowry Sarah E. , Vinuela Fernando , Abemayor Elliot , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives:Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare, benign tumor of the nasopharynx, exclusively affecting males in their teens and twenties. Historically, it has been thought that JNAs primarily receive their blood supply from the ipsilateral external carotid system. We demonstrate in our case series and literature review that bilateral vascular supply in these tumors is, in fact, very common.Study Design:Case series and literature review.Methods:We present four consecutive cases of JNA in a three‐year period from a major tertiary care center. A literature review on the topic of vascular supply in JNA was performed.Results:The first patient's preoperative angiogram demonstrated only right‐sided blood supply. However, significant bleeding was encountered, and an intraoperative angiogram showed significant new vascularization from the left ascending pharyngeal artery (APA), which was embolized. The surgery was completed successfully without further significant hemorrhage after converting to an open approach. Preoperative angiograms from the next three patients demonstrated bilateral vascular supply. Embolization and endoscopic resection was successful in these cases. Review of the literature demonstrates that bilateral vascular supply is not commonly documented; however, it may be more frequent than previously thought. Other series demonstrate bilateral vascularity from 0% to 100%. Combining patients from nine studies, including our own, we found that 57 of 157 (36%) patients had tumors with bilateral vascular supply.Conclusions:Bilateral vascular supply may be an underappreciated factor in JNA, and thorough radiographic investigation via angiography of bilateral carotid systems should be routinely done preoperatively. Laryngoscope, 2011
Covering the below‐knee amputation stump with the pedicled dorsalis pedis flap from the ipsilateral foot: A case report
Authors: Motomiya Makoto , Iwasaki Norimasa , Tazaki Yasushi , Nishida Kinya , Funakoshi Tadanao , Minami Akio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt is important to preserve the length, appropriate durable skin, and sensation of the stump when performing below‐knee amputation to achieve functional ambulation with a prosthesis. There are many reports of reconstruction procedures using microvascular surgery to preserve the optimum length of the amputation stump for prosthesis; however, free tissue reconstruction is necessary to accompany with the donor site morbidity. In this report, we describe our experience with a below‐knee amputation and stump covering using the pedicled dorsalis pedis flap from the no longer usable foot in the case of a severe osteomyelitis of a lower extremity after highly contaminated Gustilo type IIIB fracture. We achieved a well‐healed amputated stump with enough length for a prosthesis and for protective sensation. The pedicled dorsalis pedis flap is easily elevated without microvascular anastomosis and is one useful option for the reconstruction of the below‐knee amputated stump in the specific case. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Comparing community and specialty provider‐based recruitment in a randomized clinical trial: Clinical trial in fecal incontinence
Authors: Whitebird Robin R. , Bliss Donna Zimmaro. , Savik Kay , Lowry Ann , Jung Hans‐Joachim G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecruitment of participants to clinical trials remains a significant challenge, especially for research addressing topics of a sensitive nature such as fecal incontinence (FI). In the Fiber Study, a randomized controlled trial on symptom management for FI, we successfully enrolled 189 community‐living adults through collaborations with specialty‐based and community‐based settings, each employing methods tailored to the organizational characteristics of their site. Results show that using the two settings increased racial and ethnic diversity of the sample and inclusion of informal caregivers. There were no differential effects on enrollment, final eligibility, or completion of protocol by site. Strategic collaborations with complementary sites can achieve sample recruitment goals for clinical trials on topics that are sensitive or known to be underreported. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:500–511, 2010
Clinical features, molecular diagnosis, and treatment outcome of infants with leukemia in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Shih‐Hsiang , Yang Chao‐Ping , Hung Iou‐Jih , Jaing Tang‐Her , Shih Lee‐Yung , Tsai Ming‐Horng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundInfant leukemia is rare and quite distinct from other childhood leukemias. Differentiating between leukemia and transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in phenotypically normal infants is sometimes difficult. The clinical features and molecular analyses for the fusion transcripts of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangement in infant leukemia have not been well documented in the Chinese population.ProcedureForty‐five consecutive infants diagnosed with leukemia between 1995 and 2007 in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan were studied. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was diagnosed in 23 infants, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 21 (including TMD in 4), and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) in 1.ResultsThe median white count at diagnosis was higher in ALL than in AML (154.4 × 109/l vs. 58.3 × 109/l, P = 0.05). Chromosome 11q23/MLL abnormalities were present in 77% of ALL and 31% of AML. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) in infant ALL and AML showed no difference (18% vs. 12%, respectively). The only independent predictor of an adverse prognosis among infants diagnosed with ALL was high presenting white count ≥ 100 × 109/l (P = 0.05). However, no factor was associated with an adverse outcome for infants with AML.ConclusionsThe molecular assessments and prognostic factors of infant leukemia in Taiwan mirror those in developed Western countries. Continued molecular investigations and development of more effective therapies are needed. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1264–1271. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.