bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine intrauterine device checks: are they advisable?
Authors: Draper Isabel B , Haque M Sayeed , McManus Richard J 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundPatients using the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) were previously advised to undergo routine checks; in 2004, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence stated the practice was unnecessary. This study was conducted to examine the evidence for this advice.MethodsA retrospective examination of case records of patients of Whitehall Medical Practice, Rugby, UK who had used an IUD for a minimum of 2 years was performed. Data were extracted concerning demographic details, types of IUD used, dates of their use and of any checks, defaults from checks and side effects. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to compare outcomes in frequent and infrequent attenders, and in frequent and infrequent defaulters from checks.ResultsThe study population comprised 272 individuals using a total of 423 devices. Frequent check attenders showed adverse events earlier, or at no significant time difference, to infrequent attenders.ConclusionsConsidering patients who use an IUD for a minimum of 2 years, this study found no evidence of harm occurring in those who attended infrequently compared to frequent attenders. If these data from a single practice are generalisable, after an initial check following insertion, women can be asked to attend as needed and only be recalled for smears and at the end of the life of the IUD.
Dissociation of the vacuolar and macroautophagic cytopathology from the cytotoxicity induced by the lipophilic local anesthetic bupivacaine
Authors: Morissette Guillaume , Bawolak Marie-Thérèse , Marceau François 
Published: August 2011

Local anesthetics, like many other cationic drugs, induce a vacuolar and macroautophagic cytopathology that has been observed in vivo and in various cell types; some also induce cytotoxicity of mitochondrial origin (apoptosis and necrosis) and it is not known whether the 2 types of toxicity overlap or interact. We compared bupivacaine with a more hydrophilic agent, lidocaine, for morphological, functional, and toxicological responses in a previously exploited nonneuronal system, primary smooth muscle cells. Bupivacaine induced little vacuolization (≥2.5 mmol/L, 4 h), but elicited autophagic accumulation (≥0.5 mmol/L, 4 h) and was massively cytotoxic at 2.5–5 mmol/L (4–24 h), the latter effect being unabated by the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Lidocaine exerted little cytotoxicity at and below 5 mmol/L for 24 h, but intensely induced the V-ATPase-dependent vacuolar and autophagic cytopathology. Bupivacaine was more potent than lidocaine in disrupting mitochondrial potential, as judged by Mitotracker staining (significant proportions of cells affected in the 1–5 and 5–10 mmol/L concentration ranges, respectively). The addition of mitochondrial-inactivating toxins antimycin A and oligomycin to lidocaine (2.5 mmol/L) reproduced the profile of bupivacaine action (low intensity of vacuolization and retained autophagic accumulation). The high potency of bupivacaine as a mitochondrial toxicant eclipses the benign vacuolar and autophagic response seen with more hydrophilic local anesthetics.
Impact of XML Schema Evolution
Authors: Genevès Pierre , Layaïda Nabil , Quint Vincent 
Published: August 2011

We consider the problem of XML Schema evolution. In the ever-changing context of the web, XML schemas continuously change in order to cope with the natural evolution of the entities they describe. Schema changes have important consequences. First, existing documents valid with respect to the original schema are no longer guaranteed to fulfill the constraints described by the evolved schema. Second, the evolution also impacts programs, manipulating documents whose structure is described by the original schema.
We propose a unifying framework for determining the effects of XML Schema evolution both on the validity of documents and on queries. The system is very powerful in analyzing various scenarios in which forward/backward compatibility of schemas is broken, and in which the result of a query may no longer be what was expected. Specifically, the system offers a predicate language that allows one to formulate properties related to schema evolution. The system then relies on exact reasoning techniques to perform a fine-grained analysis. This yields either a formal proof of the property or a counter-example that can be used for debugging purposes. The system has been fully implemented and tested with real-world use cases, in particular with the main standard document formats used on the web, as defined by W3C. The system precisely identifies compatibility relations between document formats. In case these relations do not hold, the system can identify queries that must be reformulated in order to produce the expected results across successive schema versions.
Blocking Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy in Tumors Restores Cytotoxic T-Cell Activity and Promotes Regression
Authors: Noman Muhammad Zaeem , Janji Bassam , Kaminska Bozena , Van Moer Kris , Pierson Sandrine , Przanowski Piotr , Buart Stéphanie , Berchem Guy , Romero Pedro , Mami-Chouaib Fathia , Chouaib Salem 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The relationship between hypoxic stress, autophagy, and specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity remains unknown. This study shows that hypoxia-induced resistance of lung tumor to cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL)–mediated lysis is associated with autophagy induction in target cells. In turn, this correlates with STAT3 phosphorylation on tyrosine 705 residue (pSTAT3) and HIF-1α accumulation. Inhibition of autophagy by siRNA targeting of either beclin1 or Atg5 resulted in impairment of pSTAT3 and restoration of hypoxic tumor cell susceptibility to CTL-mediated lysis. Furthermore, inhibition of pSTAT3 in hypoxic Atg5 or beclin1-targeted tumor cells was found to be associated with the inhibition Src kinase (pSrc). Autophagy-induced pSTAT3 and pSrc regulation seemed to involve the ubiquitin proteasome system and p62/SQSTM1. In vivo experiments using B16-F10 melanoma tumor cells indicated that depletion of beclin1 resulted in an inhibition of B16-F10 tumor growth and increased tumor apoptosis. Moreover, in vivo inhibition of autophagy by hydroxychloroquine in B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice and mice vaccinated with tyrosinase-related protein-2 peptide dramatically increased tumor growth inhibition. Collectively, this study establishes a novel functional link between hypoxia-induced autophagy and the regulation of antigen-specific T-cell lysis and points to a major role of autophagy in the control of in vivo tumor growth. Cancer Res; 71(18); 5976–86. ©2011 AACR.
Characterization of Operator Learning Curve for Transradial Coronary Interventions
Authors: Ball Warren T. , Sharieff Waseem , Jolly Sanjit S. , Hong Tony , Kutryk Michael J.B. , Graham John J. , Fam Neil P. , Chisholm Robert J. , Cheema Asim N. 
Published: August 2011

Background—
Transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (TR-PCI) improves clinical outcomes compared to the transfemoral (TF) approach. However, inadequate training and experience has limited widespread adoption by interventional cardiologists.

Methods and Results—

Clinical and procedural characteristics for TR-PCI were prospectively collected from 1999 to 2008. To identify minimum case volume for optimum clinical benefit, single-vessel TR-PCI cases were chronologically ranked and stratified into 1 to 50, 51 to 100, 101 to 150 and 151 to 300 case volume groups for operators starting the TR approach at the study institution. Cases by operators with a >300 TR-PCI case volume comprised the control group. TR-PCI failure rates, contrast use, guide usage, and fluoroscopy time were compared among groups. A total of 1672 patients underwent TR-PCI by 28 operators. TR-PCI failure occurred in 4% and was higher in the 1 to 50 case volume group compared to the 51 to 100 (
P
=0.007) and control (
P
=0.01) groups. Contrast use was greater in the 1 to 50 group (180±79 mL) compared to the 151 to 300 (157±75 mL,
P
=0.02) and control (168±79 mL,
P
=0.05) groups. Fluoroscopy time was higher in the 1 to 50 group (15±10 minutes) compared to the 101 to 150 (13±10 minutes,
P
=0.04) and control (12±9 minutes,
P
=0.02) groups. Reasons for TR-PCI failure included spasm (38%), subclavian tortuousity (16%), poor guide support (16%), failed access (10%), and radial loop (7%). Case volume was significantly correlated with TR-PCI failure (β=−0.0076,
P
=0.0028), and odds of failure was reduced by 32% for each 50 increments in case volume.

Conclusions—
TR-PCI success depends on operator experience, and a case volume of ≥50 cases is required to achieve outcomes comparable to experienced operators. These findings have implications both for PCI operators looking to expand their skills and for defining standards for training.
Increased Alpha (8–12 Hz) Activity during Slow Wave Sleep as a Marker for the Transition from Implicit Knowledge to Explicit Insight
Authors: Yordanova Juliana , Kolev Vasil , Wagner Ullrich , Born Jan , Verleger Rolf 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The number reduction task (NRT) allows us to study the transition from implicit knowledge of hidden task regularities to explicit insight into these regularities. To identify sleep-associated neurophysiological indicators of this restructuring of knowledge representations, we measured frequency-specific power of EEG while participants slept during the night between two sessions of the NRT. Alpha (8–12 Hz) EEG power during slow wave sleep (SWS) emerged as a specific marker of the transformation of presleep implicit knowledge to postsleep explicit knowledge (ExK). Beta power during SWS was increased whenever ExK was attained after sleep, irrespective of presleep knowledge. No such EEG predictors of insight were found during Sleep Stage 2 and rapid eye movement sleep. These results support the view that it is neuronal memory reprocessing during sleep, in particular during SWS, that lays the foundations for restructuring those task-related representations in the brain that are necessary for promoting the gain of ExK.
The Bimusical Brain Is Not Two Monomusical Brains in One: Evidence from Musical Affective Processing
Authors: Wong Patrick C. M. , Chan Alice H. D. , Roy Anil , Margulis Elizabeth H. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Complex auditory exposures in ambient environments include systems of not only linguistic but also musical sounds. Because musical exposure is often passive, consisting of listening rather than performing, examining listeners without formal musical training allows for the investigation of the effects of passive exposure on our nervous system without active use. Additionally, studying listeners who have exposure to more than one musical system allows for an evaluation of how the brain acquires multiple symbolic and communicative systems. In the present fMRI study, listeners who had been exposed to Western-only (monomusicals) and both Indian and Western musical systems (bimusicals) since childhood and did not have significant formal musical training made tension judgments on Western and Indian music. Significant group by music interactions in temporal and limbic regions were found, with effects predominantly driven by between-music differences in temporal regions in the monomusicals and by between-music differences in limbic regions in the bimusicals. Effective connectivity analysis of this network via structural equation modeling (SEM) showed significant path differences across groups and music conditions, most notably a higher degree of connectivity and larger differentiation between the music conditions within the bimusicals. SEM was also used to examine the relationships among the degree of music exposure, affective responses, and activation in various brain regions. Results revealed a more complex behavioral–neural relationship in the bimusicals, suggesting that affective responses in this group are shaped by multiple behavioral and neural factors. These three lines of evidence suggest a clear differentiation of the effects of the exposure of one versus multiple musical systems.
Development of Functional Connectivity during Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study Using an Action–Observation Paradigm
Authors: Shaw Daniel J. , Grosbras Marie-Helene , Leonard Gabriel , Pike G. Bruce , Paus Tomáš 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSuccessful interpersonal interactions rely on an ability to read the emotional states of others and to modulate one's own behavior in response. The actions of others serve as valuable social stimuli in this respect, offering the observer an insight into the actor's emotional state. Social cognition continues to mature throughout adolescence. Here we assess longitudinally the development of functional connectivity during early adolescence within two neural networks implicated in social cognition: one network of brain regions consistently engaged during action observation and another one associated with mentalizing. Using fMRI, we reveal a greater recruitment of the social–emotional network during the observation of angry hand actions in male relative to female adolescents. These findings are discussed in terms of known sex differences in adolescent social behavior.
Human Dorsal Striatum Encodes Prediction Errors during Observational Learning of Instrumental Actions
Authors: Cooper Jeffrey C. , Dunne Simon , Furey Teresa , O'Doherty John P. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The dorsal striatum plays a key role in the learning and expression of instrumental reward associations that are acquired through direct experience. However, not all learning about instrumental actions require direct experience. Instead, humans and other animals are also capable of acquiring instrumental actions by observing the experiences of others. In this study, we investigated the extent to which human dorsal striatum is involved in observational as well as experiential instrumental reward learning. Human participants were scanned with fMRI while they observed a confederate over a live video performing an instrumental conditioning task to obtain liquid juice rewards. Participants also performed a similar instrumental task for their own rewards. Using a computational model-based analysis, we found reward prediction errors in the dorsal striatum not only during the experiential learning condition but also during observational learning. These results suggest a key role for the dorsal striatum in learning instrumental associations, even when those associations are acquired purely by observing others.
Impact of Treatment Sequence of Multimodal Therapy for Advanced Oral Cavity Cancer with Mandible Invasion
Authors: Myers Larry L. , Sumer Baran D. , Truelson John M. , Nedzi Lucien , Perkins Steve , Hughes Randall S. , Ahn Chul 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of treatment sequence of multimodal therapy for clinically advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity (OC) with mandible invasion.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingUniversity‐based, tertiary care hospitals.Subjects and MethodsThe authors retrospectively analyzed 70 patients presenting between January 2000 and January 2010 with newly diagnosed, previously untreated SCC of the OC with mandible invasion that we deemed resectable (stages IVa, b). Patients with evidence of distant metastases or a second primary malignancy were excluded. All patients were presented at a multidisciplinary tumor board for prospective planning of trimodality therapy (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy). When performed, surgery included segmental mandibulectomy. Radiotherapy was delivered using standard intensity‐modulated radiation therapy technique. Study patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 received induction chemotherapy and/or concurrent chemoradiation followed by surgery, and group 2 was treated with primary resection followed by chemoradiation.Main Outcome MeasureProgression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsEighteen patients (26%) comprised group 1, and 52 patients (74%) comprised group 2. The groups were matched in oral cavity subsite, tumor differentiation, tumor characteristics of aggressiveness (perineural and lymphovascular invasion), extent of mandible invasion, and cervical node status. The 5‐year PFS for group 1 (33.3%) was not significantly different from that for group 2 (32.3%; P =. 643).ConclusionAdvanced OC cancer with mandible invasion is an ominous disease. Although treatment must be individualized, our data suggest no clear advantage to any specific sequence of multimodality therapy affecting PFS.
Building grass roots capacity to tackle childhood obesity
Authors: Sim Fiona , Ahmad Raheelah 
Published: August 2011

Aims: In recognition of the increasing problem of child obesity in London and elsewhere, we were commissioned to build capacity to tackle this major public health concern. This paper describes one of the outputs of this work: to develop and deliver effective brief intervention training on the subject of childhood healthy/unhealthy weight and obesity to be used by anyone who works with children and families, regardless of their job title or level of educational achievement. Methods: A literature review informed the process. The slim evidence derived was combined with the expertise of an expert working group to develop clear learning objectives for training and then to develop a flexible one-day training programme suitable for delivery to mixed groups of participants, to meet the learning objectives. Evaluation was built into the programme by means of a questionnaire at the end of the training session and by the use of a structured reflective log to be returned by participants once they had put their training into practice. Results: The training programme was delivered free of charge to over 560 people during the course of a Regional Public Health Group-sponsored project. Subsequently it has been delivered to several more audiences working in the NHS, local government and third sectors in London on a not-for-profit basis. Conclusions: The programme, based on best available evidence and clear evidence of needs, provides a low-cost evaluated intervention that permits people from diverse professional and occupational backgrounds to acquire the knowledge, skills and confidence needed to raise the subject of healthy and unhealthy weight with parents of primary school-aged children and signpost them to appropriate local facilities and services. Although developed in London, the programme may be used anywhere in the UK, with the substitution of local information about prevalence of overweight and obesity and about local services and facilities.
TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells instruct monocytes to differentiate into specialized dendritic cell subsets
Authors: Alonso Michael N. , Wong Michael T. , Zhang Angela L. , Winer Daniel , Suhoski Megan M. , Tolentino Lorna L. , Gaitan Juliana , Davidson Matthew G. , Kung Tiffany H. , Galel David M. , Nadeau Kari C. , Kim Jinah , Utz Paul J. , Söderström Kalle , Engleman Edgar G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMonocytes and T helper (TH) cells rapidly infiltrate inflamed tissues where monocytes differentiate into inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs) through undefined mechanisms. Our studies indicate that TH cells frequently interact with monocytes in inflamed skin and elicit the differentiation of specialized DC subsets characteristic of these lesions. In psoriasis lesions, TH1 and TH17 cells interact with monocytes and instruct these cells to differentiate into TH1- and TH17-promoting DCs, respectively. Correspondingly, in acute atopic dermatitis, TH2 cells interact with monocytes and elicit the formation of TH2-promoting DCs. DC formation requires GM-CSF and cell contact, whereas TH subset specific cytokines dictate DC function and the expression of DC subset specific surface molecules. Moreover, the phenotypes of T cell–induced DC subsets are maintained after subsequent stimulation with a panel of TLR agonists, suggesting that TH-derived signals outweigh downstream TLR signals in their influence on DC function. These findings indicate that TH cells govern the formation and function of specialized DC subsets.
NUP98/NSD1 characterizes a novel poor prognostic group in acute myeloid leukemia with a distinct HOX gene expression pattern
Authors: Hollink Iris H. I. M. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Arentsen-Peters Susan T. C. J. M. , Pratcorona Marta , Abbas Saman , Kuipers Jenny E. , van Galen Janneke F. , Beverloo H. Berna , Sonneveld Edwin , Kaspers Gert-Jan J. L. , Trka Jan , Baruchel Andre , Zimmermann Martin , Creutzig Ursula , Reinhardt Dirk , Pieters Rob , Valk Peter J. M. , Zwaan C. Michel 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Translocations involving nucleoporin 98kD (NUP98) on chromosome 11p15 occur at relatively low frequency in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but can be missed with routine karyotyping. In this study, high-resolution genome-wide copy number analyses revealed cryptic NUP98/NSD1 translocations in 3 of 92 cytogenetically normal (CN)–AML cases. To determine their exact frequency, we screened > 1000 well-characterized pediatric and adult AML cases using a NUP98/NSD1-specific RT-PCR. Twenty-three cases harbored the NUP98/NSD1 fusion, representing 16.1% of pediatric and 2.3% of adult CN-AML patients. NUP98/NSD1-positive AML cases had significantly higher white blood cell counts (median, 147 × 109/L), more frequent FAB-M4/M5 morphology (in 63%), and more CN-AML (in 78%), FLT3/internal tandem duplication (in 91%) and WT1 mutations (in 45%) than NUP98/NSD1-negative cases. NUP98/NSD1 was mutually exclusive with all recurrent type-II aberrations. Importantly, NUP98/NSD1 was an independent predictor for poor prognosis; 4-year event-free survival was < 10% for both pediatric and adult NUP98/NSD1-positive AML patients. NUP98/NSD1-positive AML showed a characteristic HOX-gene expression pattern, distinct from, for example, MLL-rearranged AML, and the fusion protein was aberrantly localized in nuclear aggregates, providing insight into the leukemogenic pathways of these AMLs. Taken together, NUP98/NSD1 identifies a previously unrecognized group of young AML patients, with distinct characteristics and dismal prognosis, for whom new treatment strategies are urgently needed.
GSV: a web-based genome synteny viewer for customized data
Authors: Revanna Kashi V , Chiu Chi-Chen , Bierschank Ezekiel , Dong Qunfeng 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
The analysis of genome synteny is a common practice in comparative genomics. With the advent of DNA sequencing technologies, individual biologists can rapidly produce their genomic sequences of interest. Although web-based synteny visualization tools are convenient for biologists to use, none of the existing ones allow biologists to upload their own data for analysis.

Results
We have developed the web-based Genome Synteny Viewer (GSV) that allows users to upload two data files for synteny visualization, the mandatory synteny file for specifying genomic positions of conserved regions and the optional genome annotation file. GSV presents two selected genomes in a single integrated view while still retaining the browsing flexibility necessary for exploring individual genomes. Users can browse and filter for genomic regions of interest, change the color or shape of each annotation track as well as re-order, hide or show the tracks dynamically. Additional features include downloadable images, immediate email notification and tracking of usage history. The entire GSV package is also light-weighted which enables easy local installation.

Conclusions
GSV provides a unique option for biologists to analyze genome synteny by uploading their own data set to a web-based comparative genome browser. A web server hosting GSV is provided at http://cas-bioinfo.cas.unt.edu/gsv, and the software is also freely available for local installations.