bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Concept of Patient Participation and Patients' Descriptions as Related to Healthcare Definitions
Authors: Eldh Ann Catrine , Ekman Inger , Ehnfors Margareta 
Published: January 2010

PURPOSE.  To depict what patients describe as patient participation and whether descriptions of patient participation are affected by gender, age, healthcare contact, and duration of disease.DATA SOURCES.  Current patients (n= 362) responded to a questionnaire on participation.DATA SYNTHESIS.  Patients' descriptions focused on having knowledge, rather than being informed, and on interacting with health professionals, rather than merely partaking in decision making.CONCLUSIONS.  Patients' descriptions of participation correspond with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health's definition, which includes “being involved in a life situation.” Healthcare legislation and professionals employ a narrower concept of patient participation as defined by, e.g., Medical Subject Headings.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Findings suggest that health professionals need to embrace what patients describe as participation.SYFTE.  Att skildra vad patienter beskriver som patientdelaktighet och om beskrivningarna påverkas av kön, ålder, vårdkontakt och sjukdomens varaktighet.DATAKÄLLA.  Personer som var eller nyligen hade varit patienter (n= 362) svarade på en enkät om delaktighet.DATASYNTES.  Patienternas beskrivningar fokuserade på att ha kunskap, hellre än att bli informerad, och på att samverka med vårdpersonal, hellre än att enbart medverka i beslut om vård och behandling.SLUTSATS.  Patienters beskrivningar av delaktighet stämmer överens med definitionen i International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), vilken inkluderar “engagemang i en livssituation”. Hälso‐ och sjukvårdslagstiftning och vårdpersonal använder en begränsad betydelse av begreppet patientdelaktighet som beskrivs i t.ex. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).BETYDELSE FÖR PRAKTIK.  För att skapa förutsättningar för patientdelaktighet behöver hälso‐ och sjukvårdpersonal beakta vad patienter beskriver som delaktighet.SÖKTERMER.  Begreppsanalys, enkät, innehållsanalys, patientdelaktighet
China as a Global Manufacturing Powerhouse: Strategic Considerations and Structural Adjustment
Authors: McKay Huw , Song Ligang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study examines the nature and consequences of China's rise to the center of world economic affairs through manufacturing‐led development. Our historical analysis shows that China is still well short of the point in its developmental process where its growth might be reasonably expected to slow, or the energy, resource and carbon intensity of growth to recede. The study argues that the current trajectory of industrialization will have to be altered when China becomes more actively engaged in dealing with structural issues at home and abroad against the background of the unwinding of global imbalances. One profitable strategy that China might employ would be to approximate the incredibly fruitful mass‐market integration efforts of the USA that eventually elevated it to its position of global primacy. The cyclical re‐emergence of excess capacity in Chinese heavy industry, serious questions about the medium term ability of other major regions to accommodate further large gains in Chinese market share, and the stark conflict between the contemporary style of industrial development and the health of the biosphere indicate strongly that now is the time to catalyze the required adjustment and reform processes that will underpin sustainable long‐run prosperity.
Antihypertensive Therapy in African Americans: Findings From an Inner‐City Ambulatory Clinic
Authors: Odigie‐Okon Esosa , Zarich Stuart , Okon Emmanuel , Dufresne Alix 
Published: January 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:187–192. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.African Americans bear a greater burden of hypertension. Understanding prevailing epidemiologic patterns can facilitate the implementation and successful outcome of community programs. The authors assessed practice patterns of antihypertensive drug utilization and blood pressure (BP) control in a predominantly African American population in Brooklyn, NY, from January 1 to January 31, 2008. A total of 416 (53.1%) had hypertension, with a mean age of 61 years, and 267 (64%) were women. In general, 212 (50.9%) were at goal BP and 59.9% of those at goal were taking at least 2 drugs. Patient age correlated with the number of drugs used (r=0.14; P=.004). Patients taking β‐blockers and calcium channel blockers were older: 63.6 vs 60.1 years (P=.01) and 62.7 vs 60.3 years (P=.07), respectively. The pattern of antihypertensive use was as follows: angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, 194 (46.6%); calcium channel blockers, 162 (38.9%); diuretics, 162 (38.9%); β‐blockers, 133(32%); and angiotensin receptor blockers, 93 (22.4%). The findings of age associated with the class of medications used and a predominance of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors usage highlight possible gaps in appropriateness of antihypertensive therapy. The application of age‐appropriate race‐based antihypertensive therapy might improve BP control rates. These results strengthen arguments for investing in community‐based programs to overcome possible provider‐related and local health system barriers to achieving BP control goals.
REDD payments as incentive for reducing forest loss
Authors: Sandker Marieke , Nyame Samuel Kofi , Förster Johannes , Collier Neil , Shepherd Gill , Yeboah Daniel , Blas Driss Ezzine‐de , Machwitz Miriam , Vaatainen Senja , Garedew Efrem , Etoga Gilles , Ehringhaus Christiane , Anati Jacob , Quarm Osofo Dankama Kwasi , Campbell Bruce M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStrategies for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) could become an important part of a new agreement for climate change mitigation under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. We constructed a system dynamics model for a cocoa agroforest landscape in southwestern Ghana to explore whether REDD payments are likely to promote forest conservation and what socio‐economic implications would be. Scenarios were constructed for business as usual (cocoa production at the expense of forest), for payments for avoided deforestation of old‐growth forest only and for payments for avoided deforestation of all forests, including degraded forest. The results indicate that in the short term, REDD is likely to be preferred by farmers when the policy focuses on payments that halt the destruction of old‐growth forests only. However, there is the risk that REDD contracts may be abandoned in the short term. The likeliness of farmers to opt for REDD is much lower when also avoiding deforestation of degraded forest since this land is needed for the expansion of cocoa production. Given that it is mainly the wealthier households that control the remaining forest outside the reserves, REDD payments may increase community differentiation, with negative consequences for REDD policies.
Threesomes, with and without blame
Authors: Siek Jeremy G. , Wadler Philip 
Published: January 2010

How to integrate static and dynamic types? Recent work focuses on casts to mediate between the two. However, adding casts may degrade tail calls into a non-tail calls, increasing space consumption from constant to linear in the depth of calls.
We present a new solution to this old problem, based on the notion of a threesome. A cast is specified by a source and a target type--a twosome. Any twosome factors into a downcast from the source to an intermediate type, followed by an upcast from the intermediate to the target---a threesome. Any chain of threesomes collapses to a single threesome, calculated by taking the greatest lower bound of the intermediate types. We augment this solution with blame labels to map any failure of a threesome back to the offending twosome in the source program.
Herman, Tomb, and Flanagan (2007) solve the space problem by representing casts with the coercion calculus of Henglein (1994). While they provide a theoretical limit on the space overhead, there remains the practical question of how best to implement coercion reduction. The threesomes presented in this paper provide a streamlined data structure and algorithm for representing and normalizing coercions. Furthermore, threesomes provide a typed-based explanation of coercion reduction.
Ecstatic display calls of the Adélie penguin honestly predict male condition and breeding success
Authors: Brunton Dianne , Rodrigo Allen , Marks Emma 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeds in large, noisy Antarctic colonies and has evolved a communication system of complex intra- and inter-sexual visual and vocal behaviours. The Ecstatic Display Call (EDC) given by males whilst at the breeding colony is composed of introductory beats, short repeated syllables and a climactic long syllable. Here, we show that spectral qualities of the short syllables of the EDC can predict body condition and breeding success and suggest that in addition to its role in territory defence, the EDC may function as an honest signal of male quality for female mate choice. In the short repeated syllables frequency modulation, mean frequency, and pitch were all significantly lower in birds of better condition, with frequency modulation changing concomitantly with changing condition during the breeding season. Furthermore, during the period of mate attraction, a male's frequency modulation predicted both his latency to pair and likelihood of successfully breeding. Due to the long incubation fasts in this species we propose that female Adélie penguins may reliably use frequency modulation of the EDC as a potentially honest signal of early season male condition and the likelihood of a successful breeding outcome.
Self-grooming by male meadow voles differs across copulation but is not affected by the risk and intensity of sperm competition
Authors: Ferkin Michael , delBarco-Trillo Javier , Vaughn Ashlee 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMeadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, self-groom before, during and after copulation, which may convey olfactory information to nearby conspecifics. Since males who self-groom at high rates were found to be attractive to females, it is possible that the copulating male may attempt to increase his attractiveness over that of other males who are present or nearby. In that the presence of other males affects sperm investment and can be used by males as an indicator of sperm competition, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of scent marks of other males near a sexually receptive female affects the self-grooming behaviour of males that encounter them. We did so by pairing a male and a female vole in the presence of the odours of one male conspecific, five male conspecifics, or no male conspecifics. The amount of time male voles self-groomed was not affected by the risk or intensity of sperm competition. We also tested the hypothesis that self-grooming behaviour of males differed depending on whether it was performed before, during, or after copulation. Male voles differed in the amount of time and the location on their body that they self-groomed before, during, and after copulation.
Exit bos frisica, The Tolsum tablet and Roman law
Authors: Zwalve W.J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe text of the Tolsum tablet, discovered in a Frisian mound in or about 1905, was first published by C.W. Vollgraff in 1917. His reading became the standard text for all subsequent editions of the tablet, for example in Arangio-Ruiz's edition of Roman legal documents in FIRA. Thanks to the efforts of A.K. Bowman, R.S.O. Tomlin and K.A. Worp (and the Frisian Museum in Leeuwarden), we now have a new (and totally different) reading, indicating a money loan, rather than the sale of a Frisian ox. This article contains a first assessment of the value of the new reading for the discipline of Roman law. It is contended that the standard clause vel ei ad quem ea res pertinebit in documents like this relates to a possible assignment of the debt, since in Roman commercial practice money debts were assigned by transferring the cautio representing the debt.
Jesuit freedom of contract
Authors: Decock Wim 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper describes and explains the central role of the principle of contractual liberty with the Jesuits of the early modern period. Designed as a diptych, it intends to clarify how the legal and the moral philosophical tradition mutually enriched each other at the threshold of modernity. The 'ius commune' helped the Jesuits in formulating the idea of negative freedom, only for that 'ius commune' to undergo a transformation itself under the influence of the scientific account of contract law that the Jesuits were to develop on its basis. First it will be shown how the Jesuits arrived at a moral problem-solving method capable of freeing man from unduely burdensome obligations before the court of conscience through the application of the law of property and procedure. Secondly, this paper will highlight the turn towards positive freedom through the Jesuits' elaboration of a general doctrine of contract as a mutually accepted promise centered around the notions of liberty, consensualism, and the image of the will as a private legislator.
Genesis of Pre–Hurricane Felix (2007). Part II: Warm Core Formation, Precipitation Evolution, and Predictability
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Montgomery M. T. , Dunkerton T. J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This is the second of a two-part study examining the simulated formation of Atlantic Hurricane Felix (2007) in a cloud-representing framework. Here several open issues are addressed concerning the formation of the storm’s warm core, the evolution and respective contribution of stratiform versus convective precipitation within the parent wave’s pouch, and the sensitivity of the development pathway reported in Part I to different model physics options and initial conditions. All but one of the experiments include ice microphysics as represented by one of several parameterizations, and the partition of convective versus stratiform precipitation is accomplished using a standard numerical technique based on the high-resolution control experiment.
The transition to a warm-core tropical cyclone from an initially cold-core, lower tropospheric wave disturbance is analyzed first. As part of this transformation process, it is shown that deep moist convection is sustained near the pouch center. Both convective and stratiform precipitation rates increase with time. While stratiform precipitation occupies a larger area even at the tropical storm stage, deep moist convection makes a comparable contribution to the total rain rate at the pregenesis stage, and a larger contribution than stratiform processes at the storm stage. The convergence profile averaged near the pouch center is found to become dominantly convective with increasing deep moist convective activity there. Low-level convergence forced by interior diabatic heating plays a key role in forming and intensifying the near-surface closed circulation, while the midlevel convergence associated with stratiform precipitation helps to increase the midlevel circulation and thereby contributes to the formation and upward extension of a tropospheric-deep cyclonic vortex.
Sensitivity tests with different model physics options and initial conditions demonstrate a similar pregenesis evolution. These tests suggest that the genesis location of a tropical storm is largely controlled by the parent wave’s critical layer, whereas the genesis time and intensity of the protovortex depend on the details of the mesoscale organization, which is less predictable. Some implications of the findings are discussed.
Flow and Hydraulics near the Sill of Hood Canal, a Strongly Sheared, Continuously Stratified Fjord
Authors: Gregg M. C. , Pratt L. J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Hood Canal, a long fjord in Washington State, has strong tides but limited deep-water renewal landward of a complex constriction. Tide-resolving hydrographic and velocity observations at the constriction, with a depth-cycling towed body, varied markedly during three consecutive years, partly because of stratification variations. To determine whether hydraulic control is generally important and to interpret observations of lee waves, blocking, and other features, hydraulic criticality is estimated over full tidal cycles for channel wide internal wave modes 1, 2, and 3, at five cross-channel sections, using mode speeds from the extended Taylor–Goldstein equation. These modes were strongly supercritical during most of ebb and flood on the gentle seaward sill face and for part of flood at the base of the steep landward side. Examining local criticality along the thalweg found repeated changes between mode 1 being critical and supercritical approaching the sill crest during flood, unsurprising given local minima and maxima in the cross-sectional area, with the sill crest near a maximum. Density crossing the sill sometimes resembled an overflow with an internal hydraulic control at the sill, followed by a hydraulic jump or lee wave. Long-wave speeds, however, suggest cross waves, particularly along the shallower gentler side, where flow downstream of a large-amplitude wave was uniformly supercritical. Supercritical approaching the sill, peak ebb was critical to mode 1 and supercritical to modes 2 and 3 at the base while forming a sluggish dome of dense water over the sill. Full interpretation exceeds observations and existing theory.
The INGV–CMCC Seasonal Prediction System: Improved Ocean Initial Conditions
Authors: Alessandri Andrea , Borrelli Andrea , Masina Simona , Cherchi Annalisa , Gualdi Silvio , Navarra Antonio , Di Pietro Pierluigi , Carril Andrea F. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The development of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)–Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC) Seasonal Prediction System (SPS) is documented. In this SPS the ocean initial-conditions estimation includes a reduced-order optimal interpolation procedure for the assimilation of temperature and salinity profiles at the global scale. Nine-member ensemble forecasts have been produced for the period 1991–2003 for two starting dates per year in order to assess the impact of the subsurface assimilation in the ocean for initialization. Comparing the results with control simulations (i.e., without assimilation of subsurface profiles during ocean initialization), it is shown that the improved ocean initialization increases the skill in the prediction of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures of the system for boreal winter forecasts. Considering the forecast of the 1997/98 El Niño, the data assimilation in the ocean initial conditions leads to a considerable improvement in the representation of its onset and development. The results presented in this paper indicate a better prediction of global-scale surface climate anomalies for the forecasts started in November, probably because of the improvement in the tropical Pacific. For boreal winter, significant increases in the capability of the system to discriminate above-normal and below-normal temperature anomalies are shown in both the tropics and extratropics.
Data Assimilation: A Fully Nonlinear Approach to Ensemble Formation Using Indistinguishable States
Authors: Khare Shree , Smith Leonard A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Operational forecasting with simulation models involves the melding of observations and model dynamics to determine a set of initial conditions for each forecast. The Kalman filter (KF) provides the optimal closed-form solution to a general linear stochastic (perfect model) case, while the target of the problem has not even been defined in the case of imperfect models. Data assimilation in a nonlinear, perfect-model scenario is considered. It is shown that a new fully nonlinear approach based upon the indistinguishable states (IS) systematically outperforms the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The IS provides an ensemble of initial conditions, consistent with (i) the model dynamics, (ii) the observational noise model, and (iii) the particular observations over a window. It is argued that this is the relevant limit to consider in data assimilation, when the desire is to place high probability density in the vicinity of the target state. The advantages of the IS approach come in part from its ability to provide attractor-balanced ensembles near any attracting manifold the system may evolve on. The use of an EnKF, provides a computationally cheaper alternative that place points in the general vicinity of the target. A low (i.e., 2) dimensional example is used to provide easily visualized evidence for these claims, which are then tested in a higher (i.e., 12) dimensional system. Inasmuch as the IS approach is shown to outperform the EnKF systematically in these perfect-model experiments, it provides an interesting alternative approach when informative ensembles are desired.
Learning to predict expression efficacy of vectors in recombinant protein production
Authors: Chan Wen-Ching , Liang Po-Huang , Shih Yan-Ping , Yang Ueng-Cheng , Lin Wen-chang , Hsu Chun-Nan 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Recombinant protein production is a useful biotechnology to produce a large quantity of highly soluble proteins. Currently, the most widely used production system is to fuse a target protein into different vectors in Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, the production efficacy of different vectors varies for different target proteins. Trial-and-error is still the common practice to find out the efficacy of a vector for a given target protein. Previous studies are limited in that they assumed that proteins would be over-expressed and focused only on the solubility of expressed proteins. In fact, many pairings of vectors and proteins result in no expression.

Results
In this study, we applied machine learning to train prediction models to predict whether a pairing of vector-protein will express or not express in E. coli. For expressed cases, the models further predict whether the expressed proteins would be soluble. We collected a set of real cases from the clients of our recombinant protein production core facility, where six different vectors were designed and studied. This set of cases is used in both training and evaluation of our models. We evaluate three different models based on the support vector machines (SVM) and their ensembles. Unlike many previous works, these models consider the sequence of the target protein as well as the sequence of the whole fusion vector as the features. We show that a model that classifies a case into one of the three classes (no expression, inclusion body and soluble) outperforms a model that considers the nested structure of the three classes, while a model that can take advantage of the hierarchical structure of the three classes performs slight worse but comparably to the best model. Meanwhile, compared to previous works, we show that the prediction accuracy of our best method still performs the best. Lastly, we briefly present two methods to use the trained model in the design of the recombinant protein production systems to improve the chance of high soluble protein production.

Conclusion
In this paper, we show that a machine learning approach to the prediction of the efficacy of a vector for a target protein in a recombinant protein production system is promising and may compliment traditional knowledge-driven study of the efficacy. We will release our program to share with other labs in the public domain when this paper is published.