bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female donors and transfusion‐related acute lung injury
Authors: Middelburg Rutger A. , Van Stein Daniëlle , Zupanska Barbara , Uhrynowska Małgorzata , Gajic Ognjen , Muñiz‐Diaz Eduardo , Galvez Nuria Nogués , Silliman Christopher C. , Krusius Tom , Wallis Jonathan P. , Vandenbroucke Jan P. , Briët Ernest , Van Der Bom Johanna G. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: Although quantitative evidence is lacking, it is generally believed that the majority of cases of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) are caused by female blood donors. We aimed to examine the relation between female donors and the occurrence of TRALI.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed an international, multicenter case‐referent study. TRALI patients who were diagnosed clinically, independent of serology or donor sex, and had received transfusions either only from male donors or only from female donors (unisex cases) were selected. The observed sex distribution among the donors of these TRALI patients was compared to the expected sex distribution, based on the relevant donor populations.RESULTS: Eighty‐three clinical TRALI cases were included; 67 cases received only red blood cells (RBCs), 13 only plasma‐rich products, and three both. Among RBC recipients the relative risk (RR) of TRALI after a transfusion from a female donor was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69‐2.1) and among plasma‐rich product recipients the RR was 19 (95% CI, 1.9‐191). The p value for the difference between RBCs and plasma was 0.023.CONCLUSION: Our data support the notion that plasma from female donors is associated with an increased risk of TRALI, while RBCs from female donors are not.
Safety of Implantable Pacemakers and Cardioverter Defibrillators in the Magnetic Field of a Novel Remote Magnetic Navigation System
Authors: JILEK CLEMENS , TZEIS STYLIANOS , REENTS TILKO , ESTNER HEIDI‐LUISE , FICHTNER STEPHANIE , AMMAR SONIA , WU JINJIN , HESSLING GABRIELE , DEISENHOFER ISABEL , KOLB CHRISTOF 
Published: May 2010

Safety of Pacemakers and ICDs. Introduction: Electromagnetic interference with pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) systems may cause temporary or permanent system malfunction of implanted devices. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential interference of a novel magnetic navigation system with implantable rhythm devices. Methods: A total of 121 devices (77 pacemakers, 44 ICDs) were exposed to an activated NIOBE II® Magnetic Navigation System (Stereotaxis, St. Louis, MO, USA) at the maximal magnetic field strength of 0.1 Tesla and evaluated in vitro with respect to changes in parameter settings of the device, changes of the battery status/detection of elective replacement indication, or alterations of data stored in the device. Results: A total of 115 out of 121 (95%) devices were free of changes in parameter settings, battery status, and internally stored data after repeated exposition to the electromagnetic field of the remote magnetic navigation system. Interference with the magnetic navigation field was observed in 6 pacemakers, resulting in reprogramming to a power‐on‐reset mode with or without detection of the elective replacement indication in 5 devices and abnormal variance of battery status in one device. All pacemakers could be reprogrammed to the initial modes and the battery status proved to be normal some minutes after the pacemakers had been removed from the magnetic field. Conclusion: Interference of a remote magnetic navigation system (at maximal field strength) with pacemakers and ICDs not connected to leads with antitachycardic detection and therapies turned off is rare. Occurring functional abnormalities could be reprogrammed in our sample. An in vitro study will give information about interference of devices connected to leads. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1136‐1141)
Recombinant proteins in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
Authors: KOTRESHA DUPADAHALLI , NOORDIN RAHMAH 
Published: May 2010

Kotresha D, Rahmah N. Recombinant proteins in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. APMIS 2010; 118: 529–42. Toxoplasma gondii is an important human pathogen with a worldwide distribution. It is primarily of medical importance for pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. Primary infection of the former is often associated with fetal infection, which can lead to abortion or severe neonatal malformation. Immunocompromised patients are at risk of contracting the severe form of the disease that may be fatal. Thus, detection of T. gondii infection with high sensitivity and specificity is crucial in the management of the disease. Toxoplasmosis is generally diagnosed by demonstrating specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to toxoplasma antigens in the patient’s serum sample. Most of the commercially available tests use T. gondii native antigens and display wide variations in test accuracy. Recombinant antigens have great potential as diagnostic reagents for use in assays to detect toxoplasmosis. Thus in this review, we address recent advances in the use of Toxoplasma recombinant proteins for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
Overweight and obesity trends in Copenhagen schoolchildren from 2002 to 2007
Authors: Pearson Seija , Hansen Bente , Sørensen Thorkild IA , Baker Jennifer L 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this study is to monitor the prevalence trend in overweight and obesity among Copenhagen schoolchildren from the school years 2002 to 2007.Methods:  Copenhagen community health service doctors conducted routine examinations at school entry (ages 5–8 years) and exit (ages 14–16 years). Body mass index (kg/m2) of 33 245 schoolchildren was calculated. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity was classified using the International Obesity Task Force definitions.Results:  From 2002 to 2007, although the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in young girls decreased from 17.8 to 15.9%, the trend was non‐significant. In young boys, the trend slightly decreased, and the prevalence fell from 14.0 to 11.6%. In adolescent girls, the prevalence varied considerably and increased from 22.7 to 25.4% without a discernable trend. In adolescent boys, the trend slightly increased, and the prevalence rose from 15.8 to 18.9%. There were no significant changes in the prevalence of obesity.Conclusion:  In contrast to the preceding decades, we identified a potential stagnation in the obesity epidemic among children but a continuing increase among adolescents. It remains critical to continue monitoring and to increase preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
RGD-dependent binding of TP508 to integrin αvβ3 mediates cell adhesion and induction of nitric oxide
Authors: Rousseau Emma , Dreiza Catherine , Cheung-Flynn Joyce , Ramos Heidi , Ugarova Tatiana , Sheller Michael , Derkach Dmitry , Wadekar Subhagya , Perkins Kim 
Published: May 2010

SummaryP508, a 23-amino acid RGD-containing synthetic peptide representing residues 508 to 530 of human prothrombin, mitigates the effects of endothelial dysfunction in ischaemic reperfusion injury. The objective of this study was to investigate whether TP508 binds to members of the integrin family of transmembrane receptors leading to nitric oxide synthesis. Immobilised TP508 supported adhesion of endothelial cells and αvβ3-expressing human embryonic kidney cells in a dose- and RGD-dependent manner. Soluble TP508 also inhibited cell adhesion to immobilised fibrinogen. The involvement of αvβ3 was verified with function-blocking antibodies and surface plasmon resonance studies. Adhesion of the cells to immobilised TP508 resulted in an induction of phosphorylated FAK and ERK1/2. In endothelial cells, TP508 treatment resulted in an induction of nitric oxide that could be inhibited by LM609, an αvβ3-specific, function-blocking monoclonal antibody. Finally, TP508 treatment of isolated rat aorta segments enhanced carbachol-induced vasorelaxation. These results suggest that TP508 elicits a potentially therapeutic effect through an RGD-dependent interaction with integrin αvβ3.
Investigating clearance mechanisms for recombinant activated factor VII in a perfused liver model
Authors: Theill Charlotte , Hansen Lene , Møss Judi , Behrens Carsten , Nicolaisen Else , Klausen Niels , Christensen Michael , Appa Rupa 
Published: May 2010

SummaryClearance mechanisms for recombinant activated human FVII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven®), a heterogeneously glycosylated protein, have yet to be fully elucidated, but may involve the liver. The effects of the γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) domain and the sialic acid content of the protein on rFVIIa clearance were investigated following intravenous administration of rFVIIa lacking the Gla domain, des(1–44) rFVIIa and asialo-rFVIIa in pharmacokinetic (PK) studies and perfused rat livers. PK parameters for both rFVIIa and des(1–44) rFVIIa had similar biphasic clearance profiles, as well as half-lives ([t½]=80 and 88 minutes, respectively), while asialo-rFVIIa was cleared quickly (t½=21 minutes) with a linear clearance profile. Perfused liver studies with all proteins (10 nM) mirrored the trends in profiles observed in the PK study. rFVIIa and des(1–44) rFVIIa were cleared to a similar extent, 41% and 35%, respectively, after 1 h, whereas plasma-derived FVII from humans (which has a higher sialylation content than rFVIIa) was cleared to a lesser extent (21%). Asialo-rFVIIa, on the other hand, was almost totally cleared and when an excess of asialo-orosomucoid was added to the perfusate, its clearance was significantly reduced (by 34%) and also for rFVIIa, albeit to a lesser extent (by 14%). Together these data suggest that carbohydrate receptor(s) (e.g. the asialoglycoprotein receptor, ASGPR) play a role in asialo-rFVIIa and rFVIIa clearance. In vivo and liver clearance data correlated well showing similar trends and indi-cated that rFVIIa clearance is not affected by the Gla domain, but rather by a subpopulation of N-glycosylated structures on rFVIIa.
High on-treatment platelet reactivity by more than one agonist predicts 12-month follow-up cardiovascular death and non-fatal myocardial infarction in acute coronary syndrome patients receiving coronary stenting
Authors: Gori Anna , Paniccia Rita , Giusti Betti , Valente Serafina , Giglioli Cristina , Buonamici Piergiovanni , Antoniucci David , Abbate Rosanna , Gensini Gian , Marcucci Rossella 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThere is some data available on the role of high on-treatment platelet reactivity by ADP whereas, as regards arachidonic acid or other agonists, there is no proof of the best cut-off for identifying populations with a different cardiovascular outcome by the construction of appropriate receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curves. We enrolled 1,108 acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation and followed them up for 12 months. Platelet reactivity was assessed by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) using 10 μM ADP, 1 mM arachidonic acid (AA) and 2 μg/ml collagen. At a 12-month follow-up, we found 37 cardiovascular deaths (3.3%), 54 non-fatal myocardial infarctions (MI) (4.8%) and 154 target vessel revascularisations (TVR) (13.8%). ROC analysis demonstrated that 10 μM ADP LTA, 1 mM AA and 2 μg/ml collagen LTA were able to distinguish between patients with and without subsequent cardiovascular death and non-fatal MI (area under the curve for 10 μM ADP 0.63 (0.55–0.71), p<0.001; for 1 mM AA 0.68 (0.61–0.76), p<0.0001; for 2 μg/ml collagen 0.62 (0.52–0.73), p<0.0111), whereas no association was demonstrated with the occurrence of TVR. Ten μM ADP LTA ≥55%, 1 mM AA LTA ≥15% and 2 μg/ml collagen LTA ≥31% were identified as the optimal cut-off to predict cardiovascular death and non-fatal MI at 12-month follow-up. The contemporary platelet hyperreactivity to more than one agonist was associated with a higher risk of 12-month cardiovascular death and MI, whereas isolated platelet hyperreactivity to only one agonist had not a predictive value [10 μM ADP LTA ≥55% + 1 mM AA LTA ≥15%: odds ratio [OR]=3.6(2.4–6.1), p<0.0001; ADP LTA ≥55% + 1 mM AA LTA ≥15% + 2 μg/ml collagen LTA ≥31%: OR=4.7(2.9–7.7), p<0.0001]. In this prospective study on a large number of acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing stent implantation, we have found that high on-treatment platelet reactivity measured by LTA induced by more than one agonist – AA, ADP, collagen – is an independent risk factor for 12-month cardiovascular death and non-fatal MI. Isolated platelet hyperreactivity to only one agonist has not a predictive value for clinical recurrences.
Obstacles and options in the quest for drug candidates against vascular disease
Authors: Weber Christian 
Published: May 2010

Summaryhe difficulties in cardiovascular drug development have been exposed by recent clinical trials, which have uncovered various limitations of promising drug candidates. Yet, the imperative to improve medical treatment of atherosclerosis in aging populations afflicted by metabolic disease remains unbroken. Herein alternatives to metabolically active compounds such as glitazones and torcetrapib are introduced and discussed, namely CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonists recently approved for treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1, interceptors of proatherogenic chemokine interactions, and actively protective pathways. A combination of different strategies may yield improved safety profiles of these therapeutics.
Public Attitudes toward Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Cougars (Puma concolor) on Vancouver Island
Authors: Campbell Michael , Lancaster Betty-Lou 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe sharp increase in the human population of Vancouver Island; the urban development policy favoring forest fragmentation and smaller, scattered settlements; and the relatively sizable population of large predatory mammals have contributed to one of the highest human-large predator contact zones in North America. Although some studies have evaluated public attitudes toward larger carnivores from urban/rural, gender, and generational perspectives, few have focused on black bears and cougars on the British Columbia coast. In this study, four hundred people in the densely populated southeast corner of Vancouver Island were interviewed about their attitudes toward black bear and cougar presence and behavior. The majority of interviewees had positive attitudes toward both bears and cougars, and were opposed to the shooting of carnivores, preferring trapping and removal. Contrary to expectation, few respondents saw carnivores as threats to livestock, companion animals, or children. Both black bears and cougars were perceived as serving useful functions as part of the island’s heritage and cultural development (through hunting, tourism, and recreation).
Discourse and Wolves: Science, Society, and Ethics
Authors: Lynn William S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWolves have a special resonance in many human cultures. To appreciate fully the wide variety of views on wolves, we must attend to the scientific, social, and ethical discourses that frame our understanding of wolves themselves, as well as their relationships with people and the natural world. These discourses are a configuration of ideas, language, actions, and institutions that enable or constrain our individual and collective agency with respect to wolves. Scientific discourse is frequently privileged when it comes to wolves, on the assumption that the primary knowledge requirements are matters of ecology, cognitive ethology, and allied disciplines. Social discourse about wolves implicitly challenges this privilege and provides a rich array of social perspectives on human-wolf relations. Ethical discourse has until recently lagged behind the other two. So too, ethicists are increasingly challenging the adequacy of scientific and social discourse. They do so by calling attention to the value-laden character of all discourse, and the unavoidable ethical questions that confront us as we learn to share the landscape with large predators like wolves.
Multiscale Models for Cumulus Cloud Dynamics
Authors: Stechmann Samuel N. , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCumulus clouds involve processes on a vast range of scales—including cloud droplets, turbulent mixing, and updrafts and downdrafts—and it is often difficult to determine how processes on different scales interact with each other. In this article, several multiscale asymptotic models are derived for cumulus cloud dynamics in order to (i) provide a systematic scale analysis on each scale and (ii) clarify the nature of interactions between different scales. In terms of scale analysis, it is shown that shallow cumulus updrafts can be described by balanced dynamics with a balance between source terms and ascent/descent; this is a cloud-scale version of so-called weak-temperature-gradient models. In terms of multiscale interactions, a model is derived that connects these balanced updrafts to the fluctuations within the balanced updraft envelope. These fluctuations describe parcels and updraft pulses, and this model encompasses some of the multiscale aspects of entrainment. In addition to this shallow cumulus model, to provide a broad picture of general cumulus dynamics, multiscale models are also derived for other scales; these include models for parcels and subparcel turbulent mixing and models for deep cumulus. Broadly speaking, the differences between the shallow and deep cases convey the notion that shallow cumulus dynamics are parcel dominated, whereas deep cumulus dynamics are updraft dominated; this is largely due to the difference in the apparent magnitude of the background temperature stratification. In addition to their use in guiding theory, the multiscale models also provide a framework for multiscale numerical simulations.
Analysis of Tools Used to Quantify Droplet Clustering in Clouds
Authors: Baker Brad , Lawson R. Paul 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The spacing of cloud droplets observed along an approximately horizontal line through a cloud may be analyzed using a variety of techniques to reveal structure on small scales, sometimes called clustering, if such structure exists. A number of techniques have been applied and others have been suggested but not yet rigorously defined and applied. In this paper techniques are studied and evaluated using synthetic droplet spacing data. For the type of small-scale structure (clustering) modeled in this study, the most promising analysis approach is to use a combination of the power spectrum and the fishing statistic. Standard deviations and confidence intervals are determined for the power spectrum, the pair correlation function, and a modified fishing statistic. The clustering index and the volume-averaged pair correlation are shown to be less usefully normalized forms of the fishing statistic.
Model Fidelity versus Skill in Seasonal Forecasting
Authors: DelSole Timothy , Shukla Jagadish 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The relation between skill and fidelity of seasonal mean hindcasts of surface temperature by seven coupled atmosphere–ocean models is investigated. By definition, fidelity measures the agreement between model and observational climatological distributions, and skill measures the agreement between hindcasts and their corresponding verifications. While a relation between skill and fidelity seems intuitively plausible, it has not been checked systematically, nor is it mandated mathematically. New measures of skill and fidelity based on information theory are proposed. Specifically, fidelity is measured by the area average relative entropy between the climatological distributions of the model and observations, and skill is measured by the area averaged mutual information between forecast and verification. The fidelity measure is found to be dominated by the term measuring mean bias; that is, the discrepancy in climatological means is much larger than the discrepancy in climatological variances. Moreover, the mean bias is negatively correlated with skill at most initial months, lead times, and regions examined. Thus, models that more closely replicate the observed climatological mean tend to have better skill.
Spatial Bayesian Model for Statistical Downscaling of AOGCM to Minimum and Maximum Daily Temperatures
Authors: Fasbender Dominique , Ouarda Taha B. M. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAtmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) are useful for assessing the state of the climate at large scales. Unfortunately, they are not tractable for the finer-scale applications (e.g., hydrometeorological variables). Downscaling methods allow the transfer of large-scale information to finer scales and they are thus relevant for the assessment of finer-scale variables. Among a wide range of downscaling methods, regression-based approaches are commonly used for downscaling AOGCM data because of their low computational requirements. However, downscaled variables are generally reproduced at gauged weather stations only. Results at the gauged stations can then be interpolated a posteriori at ungauged locations with kriging or other methods.In this paper, a spatial Bayesian model is proposed for the downscaling of coarse-scale atmospheric data (i.e., either reanalysis or AOGCM) to minimum and maximum daily temperatures. This approach uses a Bayesian framework for mixing a prior distribution reflecting the monthly spatial dependence of the temperatures with the daily fluctuations induced by the atmospheric predictors. Local characteristics (i.e., altitude and latitude) are also taken into account in the mean of the prior distribution by using a geographical regression model. The posterior distribution thus reflects both monthly local patterns because of the prior and daily larger-scale fluctuations. Finally, the Bayesian approach also allows for the accounting of estimated parameter uncertainty, making it more stable to poor parameter fitting. The method is applied to the southern part of the province of Quebec, Canada. Results show that the downscaled distributions of the temperatures at gauged sites are in sufficient agreement with the validation dataset compared to a classical regression-based method. The proposed model has also the advantage of directly producing temperature maps.