bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restricting Rights, Losing Control: The Politics of Control over Asylum Seekers in Liberal-Democratic States—Lessons from the Canadian Case, 1951–1989
Authors: Anderson Christopher G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract.Since the 1990s, a prevalent theme in the comparative literature on liberal–democratic state responses to increasing international migration holds that the expansion of rights protections for non-citizens has undermined restrictive border control policies. The argument presented in this article suggests that this is too partial an understanding of the ways in which control and rights intersect—thecontrol–rights nexus. Accordingly, it analyzes Canadian policies towards asylum seekers from the 1950s to the 1980s to explore the ways in which the restriction of rights can undermine state control policies by generating rights-based politics, encouraging the circumvention of control policies and creating administrative inefficiencies. Altogether, the analysis provides an important refinement of the study of the control–rights nexus and allows for a more complete understanding of control policies and politics in liberal–democratic states.Résumé.Depuis les années 1990, un thème répandu dans la littérature comparative sur les réponses des États libéraux démocratiques à la croissance de la migration internationale soutient que l'extension de la protection des droits des non-citoyens a compromis les politiques restrictives de contrôle des frontières. L'argument présenté dans cet article suggère que ce thème offre une compréhension trop partielle de la dynamique d'intersection du contrôle et des droits – lecontrol-rights nexus. En conséquence, il analyse les politiques canadiennes envers les demandeurs d'asile depuis les années 1950 jusqu'aux années 1980 pour explorer les manières dont la restriction des droits peut miner les politiques de contrôle de l'État en générant des politiques de droits, en encourageant le contournement des politiques de contrôle et en créant des lourdeurs administratives. En somme, l'analyse apporte une mise au point importante à l'étude de cet enjeu et permet une compréhension plus complète des politiques de contrôle et de la politique dans les États libéraux démocratiques.
Primary endoscopic repair of intermediate laryngeal clefts
Authors: Broomfield S J , Bruce I A , Rothera M P 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Traditionally, small laryngeal clefts may be closed endoscopically, while larger clefts necessitate an open anterior approach. We report the presentation, evaluation and outcome following endoscopic surgical repair of a series of laryngeal clefts.Method:Retrospective study of children treated in a tertiary referral centre between 2003 and 2008. The presenting symptoms, patient demographics, cleft type, surgical outcome and complications were evaluated.Results:Seven children underwent primary endoscopic repair of their laryngeal clefts (four Benjamin-Inglis type III clefts and three type II clefts). Presenting symptoms included stridor, cough and cyanosis with feeds, swallowing problems, weak cry, and recurrent lower respiratory tract infection. Treatment was ultimately successful in six of the seven children; treatment was ongoing for the remaining child, who underwent subsequent revision surgery via an open approach. Two children went on to require a second endoscopic repair, and two underwent an open repair of a residual defect. One child required a tracheostomy for failed extubation in the post-operative period.Conclusion:Endoscopic repair is a safe, useful technique in the management of laryngeal clefts. Laryngeal clefts must be excluded in a child presenting with persistent aerodigestive tract symptoms, as described here.
Re-thinking the causes, processes, and consequences of simulation
Authors: Chang Betty , Vermeulen Nicolas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe argue that the meaning of smiles is interpreted from physical/contextual cues, and simulation may simply reinforce the information derived from these cues. We suggest that, contrary to the claim of the SIMS model, positive and negative smiles may invoke similar simulation processes. Finally, we provide alternative explanations for the role of eye contact in the processing of smiles.
Motivational aspects of recognizing a smile
Authors: Lobmaier Janek S. , Fischer Martin H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhat are the underlying processes that enable human beings to recognize a happy face? Clearly, featural and configural cues will help to identify the distinctive smile. In addition, the motivational state of the observer will influence the interpretation of emotional expressions. Therefore, a model accounting for emotion recognition is only complete if bottom-up and top-down aspects are integrated.
Eyes, amygdala, and other models of face processing: Questions for the SIMS model
Authors: Chakrabarti Bhismadev 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis commentary raises general questions about the parsimony and generalizability of the SIMS model, before interrogating the specific roles that the amygdala and eye contact play in it. Additionally, this situates the SIMS model alongside another model of facial expression processing, with a view to incorporating individual differences in emotion perception.
Embodied simulation and the search for meaning are not necessary for facial expression processing
Authors: Vigil Jacob M. , Coulombe Patrick 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEmbodied simulation and the epistemic motivation to search for the “meaning” of other people's behaviors are not necessary for specific and functional responding to, and hence processing of, human facial expressions. Rather, facial expression processing can be achieved through lower-cognitive, heuristical perceptual processing and expression of prototypical morphological musculature movement patterns that communicate discrete trustworthiness and capacity cues to conspecifics.
The role of embodied change in perceiving and processing facial expressions of others
Authors: Briñol Pablo , DeMarree Kenneth G. , Smith K. Rachelle 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe embodied simulation of smiles involves motor activity that often changes the perceivers' own emotional experience (e.g., smiling can make us feel happy). Although Niedenthal et al. mention this possibility, the psychological processes by which embodiment changes emotions and their consequences for processing other emotions are not discussed in the target article's review. We argue that understanding the processes initiated by embodiment is important for a complete understanding of the effects of embodiment on emotion perception.
India and international norms of climate governance: a constructivist analysis of normative congruence building
Authors: STEVENSON HAYLEY 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article explores the process by which norms of international climate governance have diffused and evolved over time. The author develops a constructivist explanation for observed normative shifts in international climate governance. This explanation highlights the importance of building and maintaining congruence between domestic conditions and international norms. Due to the inherently fluid nature of both domestic conditions and international norms, it is argued that normative congruence building should be understood as an integral and iterative aspect of the norm diffusion process. This argument is substantiated through an analysis of the norm diffusion process in the context of India: a state commonly identified as an important player in international climate change politics, but one that has received surprisingly little scholarly attention in this area.
Escherichia coliO157: comparing awareness of rural residents and visitors in livestock farming areas
Authors: JONES C. D. R. , HUNTER C. , WILLIAMS A. P. , STRACHAN N. J. C. , CROSS P. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThis research compared public opinions aboutEscherichia coliO157 (an increasing environmental hazard associated with livestock) in two farming areas with contrasting incidence ofE. coliO157 disease. A questionnaire was administered in rural Grampian (10·8 cases/100 000 population per year) and North Wales (2·5 cases/100 000 population per year). Awareness was highest among farmers in Grampian (91%) and lowest among visitors to both areas (28%). Respondents were more likely to indicate vomiting (76%) than bloody diarrhoea (48%) as a common symptom. Undercooked meat and contact with farm animal faeces were identified by 60% of all respondents as risk factors who described ‘basic hygiene’ for risk reduction indoors. Visitors viewE. coliO157 as a food hazard, not an environmental hazard that produces vomiting not dysentery. Efforts to reduce human infections in livestock farming areas could be improved with proximate reminders for visitors of the environmental pathway ofE. coliO157 infection.
Increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Claro Rafael Moreira , de Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro , Cannon Geoffrey 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess time trends in the contribution of processed foods to food purchases made by Brazilian households and to explore the potential impact on the overall quality of the diet.DesignApplication of a new classification of foodstuffs based on extent and purpose of food processing to data collected by comparable probabilistic household budget surveys. The classification assigns foodstuffs to the following groups: unprocessed/minimally processed foods (Group 1); processed culinary ingredients (Group 2); or ultra-processed ready-to-eat or ready-to-heat food products (Group 3).SettingEleven metropolitan areas of Brazil.SubjectsHouseholds;n13 611 in 1987–8,n16 014 in 1995–5 andn13 848 in 2002–3.ResultsOver the last three decades, the household consumption of Group 1 and Group 2 foods has been steadily replaced by consumption of Group 3 ultra-processed food products, both overall and in lower- and upper-income groups. In the 2002–3 survey, Group 3 items represented more than one-quarter of total energy (more than one-third for higher-income households). The overall nutrient profile of Group 3 items, compared with that of Group 1 and Group 2 items, revealed more added sugar, more saturated fat, more sodium, less fibre and much higher energy density.ConclusionsThe high energy density and the unfavourable nutrition profiling of Group 3 food products, and also their potential harmful effects on eating and drinking behaviours, indicate that governments and health authorities should use all possible methods, including legislation and statutory regulation, to halt and reverse the replacement of minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients by ultra-processed food products.
Low power front-end architecture dedicated to the multistandard simultaneous reception
Authors: Burciu Ioan , Villemaud Guillaume , Verdier Jacques , Gautier Matthieu 
Published: January 2011

In this paper, we address the architecture of multistandard simultaneous reception receivers and we aim to reduce the complexity and the power consumption of the analog front-end. To this end, we propose an architecture using the double orthogonal translation technique in order to multiplex two signals received on different frequency bands. A study case concerning the simultaneous reception of 802.11 g and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) signals is developed in this article. Theoretical and simulation results show that this type of multiplexing does not significantly influence the evolution of the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals. In the same time a 30% reduction of the power consumption is expected as well as a significant reduction of the complexity.
Temporary Focal Cerebral Ischemia Results in Swollen Astrocytic End-Feet That Compress Microvessels and Lead to Focal Cortical Infarction
Authors: Ito Umeo , Hakamata Yoji , Kawakami Emiko , Oyanagi Kiyomitsu 
Published: January 2011

Correction to: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2010) 31, 328–338; doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.97; published online 30 June 2010 1. Following the publication of this article, the authors determined that the article title was inaccurate. The new title is ‘Temporary cerebral ischemia results in swollen astrocytic end-feet that compress microvessels and lead to delayed focal cortical infarction.’ 2. Kiyomitsu Oyanagi's institution (3) is in ‘Nagano, Japan’.
Enhancement of visible He2 emission by infrared laser excitation of He metastable atoms in atmospheric-pressure plasma jet
Authors: Urabe Keiichiro , Motomura Hideki , Sakai Osamu , Tachibana Kunihide 
Published: January 2011

We observed bright red emission at an intersection of an infrared (IR) laser beam and an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The APPJ had a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge configuration and generated a plasma plume in a He gas flow ejected into air from a glass capillary. Although the laser-beam wavelength was 1083 nm corresponding to He I (23P–23S) atomic transition, the enhanced red emission peaked in the visible region at 640 nm and had broad bandwidth corresponding to He2
molecular transition. This result indicates that the IR laser excitation of He metastable (23S) atoms leads to selective formation of excited He2
molecules from excited He (23P) atoms. The 640 nm emission intensity decreased as the laser beam moved downstream in the plasma plume, because of the quenching effects on the excited He atoms and the excited He2 molecules by air entrainment. We believe that the He2
molecular formation follows two potential curves of He2 (f
3Σu or f
3Πu) and
states, overcoming a potential hump by three-body collision processes.
Short‐ and long‐term treatment of dilutional hyponatraemia with satavaptan, a selective arginine vasopressin V2‐receptor antagonist: the DILIPO study
Authors: Aronson Doron , Verbalis Joseph G. , Mueller Matthias , Krum Henry ,   on behalf of the DILIPO investigators
Published: January 2011

AimsArginine vasopressin (AVP) V2 receptor antagonism is a new approach to the management of hyponatraemia in congestive heart failure (CHF). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of satavaptan, an oral AVP V2‐receptor antagonist, in patients with dilutional hyponatraemia.Methods and resultsA total of 118 patients (90 with CHF) with dilutional hyponatraemia (serum sodium 115–132 mmol/L) were randomized to double‐blind treatment with placebo or to 25 or 50 mg/day of satavaptan for 4 days, followed by non‐comparative open‐label satavaptan therapy for up to 343 days. The response rate (sodium ≥135 mmol/L and/or an increase in ≥5 mmol/L above baseline) was significantly higher with satavaptan 50 mg than with placebo (61.0 vs. 26.8%; P= 0.0035), with a trend towards significance with satavaptan 25 mg (48.6%, P= 0.0599). Median times to response were 3.30 and 2.79 days with satavaptan 25 and 50 mg/day, respectively, both shorter than placebo (>4 days; P= 0.0278 and P= 0.0004, respectively). Satavaptan therapy was effective in CHF patients, with response rates higher with both satavaptan 25 mg/day (53.6%) and 50 mg/day (57.1%) than with placebo (23.5%; P= 0.019 and P= 0.009, respectively). Sodium responses were maintained during open‐label therapy after a temporary study drug discontinuation period. Higher rates of adverse events occurred with the 50 mg/day dose, including rapid correction of hyponatraemia.ConclusionsIn patients with dilutional hyponatraemia, V2 receptor antagonism with satavaptan was effective in increasing serum sodium concentrations. The long‐term open‐label treatment results demonstrate sustained efficacy of satavaptan in maintaining normal sodium levels.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00274326
Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Analysis of Adult Drosophila Photoreceptors: FIGURE 1.
Authors: Dolph Patrick , Nair Amit , Raghu Padinjat 
Published: January 2011

INTRODUCTIONAdult Drosophila have a compound eye composed of approximately 750 repeating units, called ommatidia, packed together to form the retina. Each ommatidium is a precise arrangement of 19 cells: eight photoreceptors (primary sensory neurons) and 11 accessory cells. Analysis of visual physiology in Drosophila photoreceptors has been central to understanding a number of important areas of modern biology including the G-protein-coupled receptor cycle, phosphoinositide signaling, and calcium signaling. Analysis of photoreceptor performance and synaptic transmission also can be studied using Drosophila photoreceptors as a model system. Electrophysiological analysis of responses to light is a powerful tool for characterizing and understanding visual transduction in Drosophila photoreceptors. The ommatidia can be dissociated to generate healthy cells under a limited set of conditions. The basolateral plasma membrane of the photoreceptors then becomes accessible to a patch pipette and light responses can be recorded in a whole-cell configuration. This approach has principally been used to study the activity of the light-activated channels in voltage-clamped photoreceptors.
Whole-Genome Amplification Using Φ29 DNA Polymerase
Authors: Burtt Noël P. 
Published: January 2011

INTRODUCTIONThe cornerstones of any genetic analysis study are the quality and quantity of the DNA samples. DNA is a precious limited resource, and in human disease studies the accessibility of sample DNA is often governed by the isolation method and the human source. Additionally, forensic analysis and archaeological research are generally infeasible without intact sample DNA. Therefore, mechanisms to preserve or enhance the quantity of the DNA stock are crucial to the success of these studies. Historically, to preserve and maintain DNA stocks, costly and labor-intensive Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed cell lines were produced. The creation of cell lines can be valuable for a number of reasons in addition to creating a renewable resource of DNA, but the cost and effort to create them, as well as the requirement of intact cells to begin with, limit the utility of this approach. More recently, whole-genome amplification (WGA), utilizing the unique property of the enzyme Φ29 DNA polymerase, has been used to generate robust high-fidelity copies of the genome. As described in this protocol, WGA using Φ29 DNA polymerase allows unbiased representation of the genome via multiple-strand displacement, followed by rolling-circle amplification on random primers.
Synthesis of Cationic Polysaccharides and Use for In Vitro Transfection: FIGURE 1.
Authors: Yudovin-Farber Ira , Eliyahu Hagit , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: January 2011

INTRODUCTIONPolycations are effective nonviral carriers for gene delivery systems. These carriers vary in molecular weight, polymer structure, polymer:DNA ratio, molecular architecture, and the ability to introduce target-specific moieties. Polycations are capable of complexing various plasmids and transfecting them into different cells to produce a high yield of a desired protein. Cationic polysaccharides are attractive candidates for gene delivery. They are natural or semi-natural, nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible materials that can be modified for improved physicochemical properties. Cationic polysaccharides are synthesized by conjugation of various oligoamines to oxidized polysaccharides via reductive amination. These conjugates have been rigorously tested for gene delivery in cultured cells and in animals. From more than 300 polysaccharide-oligoamine derivatives tested, only dextran-spermine (D-SPM) was found to be highly effective in gene transfection, both in vitro and in vivo. This protocol describes the synthesis of cationic polysaccharides and their use for DNA transfection in vitro.
Organ Culture and Immunostaining of Mouse Embryonic Kidneys
Authors: Barak Hila , Boyle Scott C. 
Published: January 2011

INTRODUCTIONThe study of organogenesis in mammals allows investigation of a wide variety of basic cell biological processes in the context of the intact organ. This has become especially important in the age of genetics, as the consequences of gene deletion or mutation in the mouse can be directly linked to human congenital abnormalities. The ability to culture some organs ex vivo during development has emerged as an important tool to understand how tissues are constructed and the signaling pathways that regulate these processes. It has been especially useful in organs that grow via branching morphogenic mechanisms, such as the lung and kidney. Here we demonstrate isolation, ex vivo growth, and fluorescent immunostaining of mouse embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) kidneys. To demonstrate nephron formation using live imaging, we have isolated and cultured kidneys from mice carrying a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene driven by the Hes1 promoter, which is expressed early in the developing nephron. We also provide a protocol for robust imaging of multiple kidney structures in the whole-mount setting. These techniques serve as a basic platform for the analysis of branching morphogenesis and nephron formation in genetic mouse models or in response to exogenous factors, such as agonists or inhibitors, which can be directly added to the culture medium.
Reversion-Reporter Transgenes to Analyze All Six Base-Substitution Pathways in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bollmann Stephanie R. , Tominey Colin M. , Hoffman Peter D. , Hoffman Taylor M.C. , Hays John B. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
To expand the repertoire of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutation-reporter transgenes, we constructed six mutant alleles in the same codon of the β-glucuronidase-encoding GUS transgene. Each allele reverts to GUS + only via a particular one of the six transition/transversion pathways. AcV5 epitope tags, fused carboxyl terminal to the inactive GUS– proteins, enabled semiquantitative immunoassays in plant protein extracts. Spontaneous G:C→T:A transversions, previously not measured using reporter transgenes, were quite frequent. This may reflect mispairing of adenine with 8-oxoguanine in DNA attacked by endogenous oxyradicals. Spontaneous G:C→A:T was modest and other reversions were relatively low, as reported previously. Frequencies of ultraviolet C-induced TT→TC and TC→TT reversions were both high. With increased transgene copy number, spontaneous G:C→T:A reversions increased but ultraviolet C-induced reversions decreased. Frequencies of some reversion events were reduced among T4 versus T3 generation plants. Based on these and other analyses of sources of experimental variation, we propose guidelines for the employment of these lines to study genotoxic stress in planta.