bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Cre-Mediated Recombination in Mice Does Not Result in Protein Loss
Authors: Turlo Kirsten A , Gallaher Sean D , Vora Roshni , Laski Frank A , Iruela-Arispe M Luisa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCre/loxP recombination enables cellular specificity and, in the case of inducible systems, temporal control of genomic deletions. Here we used a SM22α tamoxifen-inducible Cre line to inactivate β1 integrin in adult smooth muscle. Interestingly, analysis of two distinct β1 loxP transgenic mice revealed vastly different outcomes after β1 integrin deletion. Lethality occurred 4 weeks postinduction in one Cre/loxP line, while no apparent phenotype was seen in the other line. Genetic analysis revealed appropriate DNA excision in both cases; however, differences were found in the degree of protein loss with absolutely no change in protein levels in the model that lacked a phenotype. Seeking to understand protein persistence despite appropriate recombination, we first validated the flox allele using a constitutive Cre line and demonstrated its ability to mediate effective protein inactivation. We then examined the possibility of heterozygous cell selection, protein turnover, and deletion efficiency with no success for explaining the phenotype. Finally, we documented the presence of the Cre-recombination episomal product, which persisted in tissue samples with no protein loss. The product was only noted in cells with low proliferative capacity. These findings highlight the potential for protein expression from the products of Cre-recombinase excised genes, particularly when deletion occurs in low turnover populations.
Migration Behavior of Alkali Earth Ions in Compacted Bentonite With Iron Corrosion Product Using Electrochemical Method
Authors: Idemitsu Kazuya , Akiyama Daisuke , Eto Akira , Matsuki Yoshihiko , Inagaki Yaohiro , Arima Tatsumi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCarbon steel overpack will corrode by consuming oxygen introduced during repository construction after closure of repository, that will keep the environment in the vicinity of repository reducing. The iron corrosion products can migrate in bentonite as ferrous cations (Fe2+) through the interlayer of montmorillonite replacing the exchangeable sodium ions in the interlayer. This replacement of sodium may affect the migration behavior in the altered bentonite not only for redox-sensitive elements but also the other ions. Therefore we have carried out electrochemical analysis, of calcium, strontium or barium with the ferrous ion supplied by anodic corrosion of iron coupons in compacted bentonite. Fifteen micro liters of tracer solution containing 8.6 M of CaCl2 or 3.0 M of SrCl2 or 1.5 M BaCl2 were sspiked on the interface between the iron coupon and bentonite, for which the dry density was in the range of 1.4 to 1.5 Mg/m3, before assembling. The iron coupons were connected as working electrodes to the potentiostat and held at a constant supplied potential between - 500 to +300 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode) for up to 7 days. Calcium and strontium could migrate faster and deeper into the bentonite than iron in each condition, while barium could migrate slower than iron. A model using dispersion and electromigration can explain the measured profiles in the bentonite specimens. The fitted value of electromigration velocity was a function of applied electrical potential and 10 to 23 nm/s for calcium, 11 to 19 for strontium, around 4 nm/s for barium and 5 to 15 nm/s for iron, respectively. Alternatively, the fitted value of the dispersion coefficient was not a function of applied potential, and the values were 3 - 8 × 10-12 m2/s for calcium, 2 - 4 × 10-12 m2/s for strontium, 5 - 10 × 10-12m2/s for barium and 3 - 9 × 10-12 m2/s for iron, respectively.
Submucous Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Comparison of Speech Outcomes Using Three Operative Techniques by One Surgeon
Authors: Sullivan Stephen R. , Vasudavan Sivabalan , Marrinan Eileen M. , Mulliken John B. 
Published: September 2010

Objective Our purpose was to compare speech outcomes among three primary procedures for symptomatic submucous cleft palate (SMCP): two-flap palatoplasty with muscular retropositioning, double-opposing Z-palatoplasty, or pharyngeal flap. Design Retrospective review. Setting Tertiary hospital. Patients, Participants All children with SMCP treated by the senior author between 1984 and 2008. Interventions One of three primary procedures: two-flap palatoplasty with muscular retropositioning, double-opposing Z-palatoplasty, or pharyngeal flap. Main outcome Measures Speech outcome and need for a secondary operation were analyzed among procedures. Success was defined as normal or borderline competent velopharyngeal function. Failure was defined as persistent borderline insufficiency or velopharyngeal insufficiency with recommendation for a secondary operation. Results We identified 58 patients with SMCP who were treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency. We found significant differences in median age at operation among the procedures ( p < .001). Two-flap palatoplasty with muscular retropositioning (n = 24), double-opposing Z-palatoplasty (n = 19), and pharyngeal flap (n = 15) were performed at a median of 2.5, 3.6, and 9.5 years, respectively. There were significant differences in success among procedures (p = .018). Normal or borderline competent function was achieved in 6/20 (30%) patients who underwent two-flap palatoplasty, 10/15 (67%) following double-opposing Z-palatoplasty, and 11/12 (92%) following pharyngeal flap. Among patients treated with palatoplasty, success was independent of age at operation (p = .16). Conclusions Double-opposing Z-palatoplasty is more effective than two-flap palatoplasty with muscular retropositioning. For children older than 4 years, primary pharyngeal flap is also highly successful but equally so as a secondary operation and can be reserved, if necessary, following double-opposing Z-palatoplasty.
Mothers' and Fathers' Reports of Stress in Families of Infants with and without Single-Suture Craniosynostosis
Authors: Rosenberg Janine M. , Kapp-Simon Kathleen A. , Starr Jacqueline R. , Cradock Mary Michaeleen , Speltz Matthew L. 
Published: September 2010

Objective To compare relative levels of stress reported by mothers and fathers in families containing infants with and without single-suture craniosynostosis. Design Case-control study. Participants Mothers and fathers of 246 infants with recently diagnosed single-suture craniosynostosis and 253 frequency-matched control infants completed the Parenting Stress Index just prior to their infant's cranioplastic surgery. Family demographic information and mothers' ratings of the severity of their child's single-suture craniosynostosis were obtained. Results Average Parent Domain scores for parents of infants with single-suture craniosynostosis differed little from those reported by parents of control infants; however, Child Domain scores among parents of infants with single-suture craniosynostosis were higher on some subscales, primarily related to unexpected infant health and appearance issues. In both groups, fathers reported higher Child Domain stress than mothers, and mothers reported higher Parent Domain stress than fathers. Case mothers reported greater stress if they perceived their child's condition as more noticeable to others. Conclusions Prior to cases' cranioplastic surgery, parents of children with and without single-suture craniosynostosis reported similar levels of stress in relation to their parenting roles and the behavioral characteristics of their infants. Visibility of condition should be considered a risk for increased stress for mothers of infants with single-suture craniosynostosis. Stress differences between mothers and fathers were far more discernible than those associated with the presence or absence of single-suture craniosynostosis.
Prenatal Assessment of the Antero-Posterior Jaw Relationship in Human Fetuses: From Anatomical to Ultrasound Cephalometric Analysis
Authors: Captier Guillaume , Faure Jean-Michel , Bäumler Marcel , Canovas François , Demattei Christophe , Daure Jean-Pierre 
Published: September 2010

Objectives We wished to develop an ultrasound cephalometric analysis, particularly of the antero-posterior jaw relationship, to increase the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of retrognathism during the routine midterm test. Methods Anatomical cephalometric analysis was performed in 18 formalin-fixed human fetuses (between 16 and 39 gestational weeks), and ultrasound cephalometry was prospectively carried out in 52 pregnant women (21 to 25 gestational weeks). The same landmarks were used in the anatomical and ultrasound median sagittal planes for comparison. Four cephalometric angles were measured relative to the anterior cranial base: alveolar projection of the maxilla and the mandible, chin projection, and facial angle. The antero-posterior jaw discrepancy was calculated. Results The projection of the maxilla was similar in the two cephalometric analyses (IC [–3.39, 0.23]), whereas the values of the projection of the mandible were lower in the ultrasound sample. The slope of the regression line of the antero-posterior jaw discrepancy on fetuses' age did not show significant differences (IC [–0.05, 1.54]) between anatomical and ultrasound cephalometry, although a difference of 3.23° ± 0.78° (IC [1.69, 4.77]) was observed. Despite this variability, the projections of mandible and chin were well determined by the projection of the maxilla both in the anatomical and ultrasound sample. Conclusions Cephalometric analysis by prenatal sonography can be performed to study the antero-posterior jaw relationship. We think that this procedure could be useful to improve prenatal diagnosis of retrognathism in high-risk pregnancies. Further studies should address the reproducibility and accuracy of such analysis.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Brain Abnormalities in Fetuses with Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate
Authors: Rosen Heather , Chiou Grace J. , Stoler Joan M. , Mulliken John B. , Tarui Tomo , Meara John G. , Estroff Judy A. 
Published: September 2010

Objective To determine the prevalence of brain abnormalities identified by prenatal imaging of fetuses with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CUP) or cleft palate only (CP) and to compare with postnatal imaging and neurologic evaluation. Design This was a retrospective review of radiologic images (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and sonography) of fetuses diagnosed with CUP or CP at the Advanced Fetal Care Center at Children's Hospital Boston between 2002 and 2008. Images were reviewed for possible brain abnormalities by a pediatric radiologist who specializes in this field. Postnatal imaging was also assessed whenever available and correlated with clinical findings. Setting A large, tertiary-care, academic pediatric hospital. Population One hundred twenty-six fetuses and 105 corresponding infants. Results Brain abnormalities were found in 8 of 126 fetuses (6.3%) by prenatal MRI. The malformations were corpus callosal dysgenesis (n = 3), encephalocele (n = 1), hypoplasia of the cerebellar hemispheres or vermis (n = 3), and white matter neuronal migration anomaly (n = 1). An additional 2 patients were diagnosed with brain abnormalities postnatally that had not been detected on prenatal imaging. Conclusions The possibility of brain anomalies should be assessed in a fetus found to have CUP or CP by sonography and/or MRI. Central nervous system imaging and careful neurodevelopmental follow-up is indicated in these infants.
Congenital Anomalies Associated with Cleft Lip and Palate—An Analysis of 1623 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Sekhon P.S. , Ethunandan M. , Markus A.F. , Krishnan Gopal , Rao C. Bhasker 
Published: September 2010

Objective To document the frequency and nature of associated anomalies in cleft lip and/or palate patients from a craniofacial center in India. Setting Craniofacial Surgery & Research Centre, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India. Patients/Participants A total of 1623 consecutive patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate treated in a 40-month period. Main Outcome Measure Frequency and nature of associated anomalies, analyzed according to the cleft type and principal organ system and/or area affected. Results The overall male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Unilateral cleft lip with cleft palate (41%) was the most frequent cleft subtype, followed by cleft lip and/or cleft alveolus (33%); isolated submucous cleft palate (1%) was the least frequent. A total of 240 (14.8%) patients had associated anomalies, and these were more frequent in males (M:F = 1.4:1). Per patient, anomalies were most frequent in the submucous cleft group (mean, 0.53) and least common in the cleft lip with or without cleft alveolus (mean, 0.14). Anomalies were most frequent in the facial region (21%), followed by the ocular (17%), central nervous (15%), gastrointestinal (3%), and urogenital (2%) systems. Thirty-four patients (2%) had recognized nonchromosomal syndromes; this was more common in the cleft palate group. Conclusions Associated anomalies are not uncommon in patients with cleft lip and/or palate, though the frequency varies with the cleft type and organ system affected.
The Use of the 5-Year-Olds' Index: Comparison between Study Models and Intraoral Photographs
Authors: McAuliffe N.J. , Jones A.P. , Cumberbirch V.C. , Russell J.I. 
Published: September 2010

Objective To determine if photographs may be used instead of dental study models to assess the outcome of primary surgery in 5- to 6-year-olds who were born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Retrospective method comparison study. Setting Five U.K. cleft units. Subjects Records of 96 children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Method Dental study models and photographs including an overjet measurement taken from both the most prominent and retrusive tooth in each case were scored using the 5-year-olds' index. Results There was moderate to very good agreement between the methods of using study models or photographs. Intraexaminer agreement was moderate to very good for study models. For the photographs it was good to very good. Overall interexaminer agreement was moderate for both study models and photographs. Conclusions When impressions are difficult to obtain, intraoral photographs with clinically recorded overjet measurements may be used for the 5-year-olds' index.
Clay minerals related to circulation of near neutral to weakly acidic fluids in active high energy geothermal systems
Authors: Rigault Cécile , Patrier Patricia , Beaufort Daniel 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Clay minerals are widespread alteration products in most hydrothermal systems and are considered as efficient petrogenetic guides. Their distribution in active geothermal fields depends on the ability of the fluid to approach equilibrium with host rocks at any scale during the hydrothermal processes. Both illitization and chloritization reactions depend on factors such as time, water-rock ratio, deformation history... as well as the variables used to define equilibrium (i.e., temperature, composition). This paper is focussed on how the properties of clay minerals change with respect to the evolution of hydrogeological conditions during the life time of geothermal systems. The presented data are based on comparative studies performed in productive and non productive zones of several active geothermal systems related to subduction plate tectonics (Chipilapa, Milos and Bouillante). The temporal sequence of clay crystallizations can be summarized as follows. The opening stage of the geothermal system promotes a massive crystallization of metastable smectites in conditions of strong thermodynamic disequilibrium. As time and alteration progress, clay minerals of the newly sealed parts of the reservoir are transformed in more stable phases (via dissolution crystallization processes). Metastable smectites continue to precipitate in the permeable zones still subjected to strong physico-chemical disequilibrium such as boiling or mixing of fluids of contrasted composition and/or temperature, whereas clay minerals close to those predicted by thermodynamic calculations (illite, chlorite) crystallize in other zones in which the geothermal fluid can reach chemical equilibrium with the altered host rock. Downward infiltration of surficial water led to crystallization of montmorillonite in the outer part of geothermal fields. Collapsing of hydrothermal activity leads to a change in the heat flow regime with predominance of a depth dependant conductive thermal gradient. Even if such thermal conditions promote the transformation of the previously formed smectite rich metastable clay minerals and lead to a progressive emplacement of depth dependant conversion series of di- and trioctahedral smectites to respectively illite and chlorite, signatures of the ancient geothermal reservoirs are preserved in the textural or microstructural properties of the clay particles which sealed them.
Thermal anomalies and geological structures in the Provence basin: Implications for hydrothermal circulations at depth
Authors: Garibaldi Cynthia , Guillou-Frottier Laurent , Lardeaux Jean-Marc , Bonté Damien , Lopez Simon , Bouchot Vincent , Ledru Patrick 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDeep temperature estimates previously made in France show three main positive thermal anomalies, one of them being centred on the Provence basin (southeast France) between Marseille and Montpellier. This study presents newly corrected temperature data and improved temperature maps in order to (i) validate or to invalidate the thermal anomalies previously identified and (ii) relate deep temperatures with major geological structures of the area.Although the thermal gradient varies from place to place, it averages 31.3°C./km in the Provence basin (from 30.6 to 32.5°C/km in average for France according to the chosen database), but some locations show gradients reaching 36°C/km. To characterize thermal anomalous areas, a three-dimensional model of the temperatures was built between the surface and 6 km depth, allowing us to elaborate thermal maps and cross-sections. The identified thermal anomalies are different from those obtained by former works. New other "hot" anomalous areas (Montpellier, Lodève and Drôme areas) and cold anomalous areas (Aix-en-Provence and Cévennes areas) have been highlighted. At depth, thermal cross-sections show 50 km-scale anomalies, which are parallel with the major faults (Cévennes, Nimes, Salon-Cavaillon and Moyenne-Durance faults) whereas more elongated (roughly 100 km) anomalies are associated with perpendicular cross-sections. On these cross-sections each major fault is associated with a thermal anomaly. In addition, a cold area may overlie a warm one, and vice versa. Among different possible explanations, these thermal signatures could correspond to convective fluid circulation within the faults. Simple numerical models of hydrothermal convection within fault zones appear to reproduce similar amplitudes and vertical variations of thermal anomalies as those observed in the Provence basin.
Activation Mode Effects on the Shear Bond Strength of Dual-cured Resin Cements
Authors: Faria-e-Silva A. L. , Fabião M. M. , Arias V. G. , Martins L. R. M. 
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance
The light activation of dual-cured resin cements is essential for improved shear bond strength. Bond strength is low in the first minutes following insertion of a resin cement and increases over time. Under clinical conditions, care should be taken to limit occlusal stress immediately after luting an indirect restoration.
Sound, Noise and Speech at the 9000-Seat Holy Trinity Church in Fatima, Portugal
Authors: Carvalho António , Silva Pedro 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper presents the interior acoustical characterization of the 9,000-seat church of the Holy Trinity in the Sanctuary of Fátima, Portugal, inaugurated in 2007. In situ measurements were held regarding interior sound pressure levels (with and without the HVAC equipment working), NC curves, RASTI (with and without the installed sound system) and reverberation time. The results are presented and commented according to the design values. A comparison is made with other churches in the world, also with a very large volume (for instance the Basilica Mariacka in Gdańsk). The measured data are also used to calculate a global index of this church acoustic quality using Engel's and Kosała's Index Method.
Earplug Actuator Selection for a Miniature Personal Active Hearing Protection System
Authors: Pawełczyk Marek , Latos Mariusz 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThere are many industrial environments which are exposed to a high-level noise. It is necessary to protect people from the noise. Most of the time, the consumer requires a miniature version of a noise canceller to satisfy the internal working place requirements. Very important thing is to select the most appropriate personal hearing protection device, for example an earplug. It should guarantee high passive noise attenuation and allow for secondary sound generation in case of active control. In many cases the noise is nonstationary. For instance, some of the noisy devices are switched on and off, speed of some rotors or fans changes, etc. To avoid any severe transient acoustic effects due to potential convergence problems of adaptive systems, a fixed-parameter approach to control is appreciated. If the noise were stationary, it would be possible to design an optimal control filter minimising variance of the signal being the effect of the acoustic noise and the secondary sound interference. Because of noise nonstationarity for most applications, the idea of generalised disturbance defined by a frequency window of different types has been developed by the authors and announced in previous publications. The aim of this paper is to apply such an approach to different earplugs and verify its noise reduction properties. Simulation experiments are conducted based on real world measurements performed using the G. R. A. S. artificial head equipped with an artificial mechanical ear, and the noise recorded in a power plant.
Monitoring the Reaction and Response of People to Urban Noise
Authors: Popescu Diana , Moholea Iuliana 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn important aspect in assessing noise in urban agglomerations is the subjective one, which takes into account the sensitivity and specific reactions of residents to the noise in their living environment. This paper presents results of a sociological study initiated to determine the population awareness, regarding the urban acoustic environment and estimation of effects and disturbance. The survey was conducted in a Romanian city, to complement the information provided by the strategic noise map of the area. This approach allows the estimation of specific local patterns of reaction and response to urban noise of the exposed population and provides the information, needed to develop action plans and to set proper solutions for urban area planning.