bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Brief Multimedia Psychoeducational Intervention on the Attitudes and Interest of Patients With Cancer Regarding Clinical Trial Participation: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jacobsen Paul B. , Wells Kristen J. , Meade Cathy D. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Fulp William J. , Gray Jhanelle E. , Baz Rachid C. , Springett Gregory M. , Levine Richard M. , Markham Merry-Jennifer , Schreiber Fred J. , Cartwright Thomas H. , Burke James M. , Siegel Robert D. , Malafa Mokenge P. , Sullivan Daniel 
Published: May 2012

Purpose The negative attitudes of patients with cancer regarding clinical trials are an important contributor to low participation rates. This study evaluated whether a brief psychoeducational intervention was effective in improving patients' attitudes as well as their knowledge, self-efficacy for decision making, receptivity to receiving more information, and general willingness to participate in clinical trials. Patients and Methods A total of 472 adults with cancer who had not been asked previously to participate in a clinical trial were randomly assigned to receive printed educational information about clinical trials or a psychoeducational intervention that provided similar information and also addressed misperceptions and concerns about clinical trials. The primary (attitudes) and secondary outcomes (knowledge, self-efficacy, receptivity, and willingness) were assessed via patient self-report before random assignment and 7 to 28 days later. Results Patients who received the psychoeducational intervention showed more positive attitudes toward clinical trials (P = .016) and greater willingness to participate (P = .011) at follow-up than patients who received printed educational information. Evidence of an indirect effect of intervention assignment on willingness to participate (estimated at 0.168; 95% CI, 0.088 to 0.248) suggested that the benefits of psychoeducation on willingness to participate were explained by the positive impact of psychoeducation on attitudes toward clinical trials. Conclusion A brief psychoeducational intervention can improve the attitudes of patients with cancer toward clinical trials and thereby increase their willingness to participate in clinical trials. Findings support conducting additional research to evaluate effects of this intervention on quality of decision making and rates of participation among patients asked to enroll onto therapeutic clinical trials.
Cardiopulmonary Function and Age-Related Decline Across the Breast Cancer Survivorship Continuum
Authors: Jones Lee W. , Courneya Kerry S. , Mackey John R. , Muss Hyman B. , Pituskin Edith N. , Scott Jessica M. , Hornsby Whitney E. , Coan April D. , Herndon James E. , Douglas Pamela S. , Haykowsky Mark 
Published: May 2012

Purpose To evaluate cardiopulmonary function (as measured by peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak]) across the breast cancer continuum and its prognostic significance in women with metastatic disease. Patients and Methods Patients with breast cancer representing four cross-sectional cohorts—that is, (1) before, (2) during, and (3) after adjuvant therapy for nonmetastatic disease, and (4) during therapy in metastatic disease—were studied. A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with expired gas analysis was used to assess VO2peak. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of death according to VO2peak category (< 15.4 v ≥ 15.4 mL · kg−1 · min−1) with adjustment for clinical factors. Results A total of 248 women (age, 55 ± 8 years) completed a CPET. Mean VO2peak was 17.8 ± a standard deviation of 4.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1, the equivalent of 27% ± 17% below age-matched healthy sedentary women. For the entire cohort, 32% had a VO2peak less than 15.4 mL · kg−1 · min−1—the VO2peak required for functional independence. VO2peak was significantly different across breast cancer cohorts for relative (mL · kg−1 · min−1) and absolute (L · min−1) VO2peak (P = .017 and P < .001, respectively); VO2peak was lowest in women with metastatic disease. In patients with metastatic disease (n = 52), compared with patients achieving a VO2peak ≤ 1.09 L · min−1, the adjusted hazard ratio for death was 0.32 (95% CI, 0.16 to 0.67, P = .002) for a VO2peak more than 1.09 L · min−1. Conclusion Patients with breast cancer have marked impairment in VO2peak across the entire survivorship continuum. VO2peak may be an independent predictor of survival in metastatic disease.
Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in Patients With Metastatic and/or Unresectable GI Stromal Tumor After Failure of Imatinib and Sunitinib: A Multicenter Phase II Trial
Authors: George Suzanne , Wang Qian , Heinrich Michael C. , Corless Christopher L. , Zhu Meijun , Butrynski James E. , Morgan Jeffrey A. , Wagner Andrew J. , Choy Edwin , Tap William D. , Yap Jeffrey T. , Van den Abbeele Annick D. , Manola Judith B. , Solomon Sarah M. , Fletcher Jonathan A. , von Mehren Margaret , Demetri George D. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose Metastatic GI stromal tumor (GIST) is a life-threatening disease with no therapy of proven efficacy after failure of imatinib and sunitinib. Regorafenib is a structurally unique inhibitor of multiple cancer-associated kinases, including KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), with broad-spectrum anticancer activity in preclinical and early-phase trials. Because KIT and PDGFR-α remain drivers of GIST after resistance to imatinib and sunitinib, we performed a multicenter single-stage phase II trial of regorafenib in patients with advanced GIST after failure of at least imatinib and sunitinib. Patients and Methods Patients received regorafenib orally, 160 mg daily, on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day cycle. Disease assessment was performed every two cycles per RECIST 1.1. Primary end point was clinical benefit rate (CBR), defined as objective responses (ie, complete or partial response [PR] as well as stable disease [SD] ≥ 16 weeks). Serial tumor biopsies were obtained from consenting patients whenever possible. Results From February to December 2010, 34 patients were enrolled at four US centers. As of July 28, 2011, 33 patients had received at least two cycles of regorafenib (range, two to 17 cycles). CBR was 79% (95% CI, 61% to 91%). Four patients achieved PR, and 22 exhibited SD ≥ 16 weeks. Median progression-free survival was 10.0 months. The most common grade 3 toxicities were hypertension and hand-foot-skin reaction. Conclusion Regorafenib has significant activity in patients with advanced GIST after failure of both imatinib and sunitinib. A phase III trial of regorafenib versus placebo is ongoing to define more fully the safety and efficacy of regorafenib in this setting.
BRAF/NRAS Mutation Frequencies Among Primary Tumors and Metastases in Patients With Melanoma
Authors: Colombino Maria , Capone Mariaelena , Lissia Amelia , Cossu Antonio , Rubino Corrado , De Giorgi Vincenzo , Massi Daniela , Fonsatti Ester , Staibano Stefania , Nappi Oscar , Pagani Elena , Casula Milena , Manca Antonella , Sini MariaCristina , Franco Renato , Botti Gerardo , Caracò Corrado , Mozzillo Nicola , Ascierto Paolo A. , Palmieri Giuseppe 
Published: May 2012

Purpose The prevalence of BRAF, NRAS, and p16CDKN2A mutations during melanoma progression remains inconclusive. We investigated the prevalence and distribution of mutations in these genes in different melanoma tissues. Patients and Methods In all, 291 tumor tissues from 132 patients with melanoma were screened. Paired samples of primary melanomas (n = 102) and synchronous or asynchronous metastases from the same patients (n = 165) were included. Tissue samples underwent mutation analysis (automated DNA sequencing). Secondary lesions included lymph nodes (n = 84), and skin (n = 36), visceral (n = 25), and brain (n = 44) sites. Results BRAF/NRAS mutations were identified in 58% of primary melanomas (43% BRAF; 15% NRAS); 62% in lymph nodes, 61% subcutaneous, 56% visceral, and 70% in brain sites. Mutations were observed in 63% of metastases (48% BRAF; 15% NRAS), a nonsignificant increase in mutation frequency after progression from primary melanoma. Of the paired samples, lymph nodes (93% consistency) and visceral metastases (96% consistency) presented a highly similar distribution of BRAF/NRAS mutations versus primary melanomas, with a significantly less consistent pattern in brain (80%) and skin metastases (75%). This suggests that independent subclones are generated in some patients. p16CDKN2A mutations were identified in 7% and 14% of primary melanomas and metastases, with a low consistency (31%) between secondary and primary tumor samples. Conclusion In the era of targeted therapies, assessment of the spectrum and distribution of alterations in molecular targets among patients with melanoma is needed. Our findings about the prevalence of BRAF/NRAS/p16CDKN2A mutations in paired tumor lesions from patients with melanoma may be useful in the management of this disease.
Constraint-Based Task Specification and Control for Visual Servoing Application Scenarios
Authors: de Laet Tinne , Smits Ruben , Bruyninckx Herman , de Schutter Joris 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper reformulates image-based visual servoing as a constraint-based robot task, in order to integrate it seamlessly with other task constraints in image space, in Cartesian space, in the joint space of the robot, or in the “image space” of any other sensor (e. g. force, distance). This approach allows us to fuse various kinds of sensor data. The integration takes place via the specification of generic “feature coordinates”, defined in the different task spaces. Independent control loops are defined to control the individual feature coordinate setpoints, in each of these task spaces. The outputs of the control loops are instantaneously combined into joint velocity setpoints for a velocity-controlled robot that executes the task. The paper includes experimental results for different application scenarios.
Untersuchung eines Miniatur-Nullpunktspannsystems für die Mikro-Fertigung
Authors: Neugebauer Michael , Neuschaefer-Rube Ulrich 
Published: May 2012

Zusammenfassung
Ein Nullpunktspannsystem für die Mikro-Fertigung wurde mit Hilfe eines Mikro-Koordinatenmessgerätes auf seine Eigenschaften untersucht. Für die Bewertung des Spannsystems wurden geeignete Kennwerte definiert. Die Wechselgenauigkeit des untersuchten Spannsystems betrug 1,6 μm und die Wiederholgenauigkeit lag unter 0,2 μm.
Effect of EMG‐based Feedback on Posture Correction during Computer Operation
Authors: Park Se‐yeon , Yoo Won‐gyu 
Published: May 2012

Effect of EMG‐based Feedback on Posture Correction during Computer Operation: Se‐yeon PARK, et al. Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Inje University, Republic of Korea—ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an EMG‐based feedback device on the human musculoskeletal system by assessing the kinematics of the lumbar and cervical regions during computer operation.MethodsUsing an EMG device, measurements were collected under four conditions: with feedback from the upper trapezius muscle, from the L4‐erector spinae muscles and from both and without feedback (control). During periods of 15 min of computer operation, kinematic data were collected using the Zebris motion analysis system to investigate 14 university employees.ResultsFeedback assessment effectively reduced the kinematic changes in the sagittal plane compared with the control (p<0.05). Feedback from the L4 erector spinae reduced the trunk flexion and forward head angles, which were significantly different compared with those under the feedback from the upper trapezius and the control conditions (p<0.05).ConclusionWe observed that the use of an EMG‐based feedback device was effective in reducing habitual forward head and flexed‐relaxed postures during computer operation. Additionally, posture correction from the lumbar region could be a way to reduce forward head posture as well as flexed‐relaxed posture.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among US Adolescents, 1999−2008
Authors: May Ashleigh L. , Kuklina Elena V. , Yoon Paula W. 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Overweight and obesity during adolescence are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The objective of this study was to examine the recent trends in the prevalence of selected biological CVD risk factors and the prevalence of these risk factors by overweight/obesity status among US adolescents.

METHODS:
The NHANES is a cross-sectional, stratified, multistage probability sample survey of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population. The study sample included 3383 participants aged 12 to 19 years from the 1999 through 2008 NHANES.

RESULTS:
Among the US adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, the overall prevalence was 14% for prehypertension/hypertension, 22% for borderline-high/high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 6% for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (&lt;35 mg/dL), and 15% for prediabetes/diabetes during the survey period from 1999 to 2008. No significant change in the prevalence of prehypertension/hypertension (17% and 13%) and borderline-high/high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (23% and 19%) was observed from 1999–2000 to 2007–2008, but the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes increased from 9% to 23%. A consistent dose-response increase in the prevalence of each of these CVD risk factors was observed by weight categories: the estimated 37%, 49%, and 61% of the overweight, obese, and normal-weight adolescents, respectively, had at least 1 of these CVD risk factors during the 1999 through 2008 study period.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this national study indicate that US adolescents carry a substantial burden of CVD risk factors, especially those youth who are overweight or obese.
Childhood Cancer Incidence Trends in Association With US Folic Acid Fortification (1986–2008)
Authors: Linabery Amy M. , Johnson Kimberly J. , Ross Julie A. 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:Epidemiologic evidence indicates that prenatal vitamin supplementation reduces risk for some childhood cancers; however, a systematic evaluation of population-based childhood cancer incidence trends after fortification of enriched grain products with folic acid in the United States in 1996–1998 has not been previously reported. Here we describe temporal trends in childhood cancer incidence in association with US folic acid fortification.METHODS:Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data (1986–2008), we calculated incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals to compare pre- and postfortification cancer incidence rates in children aged 0 to 4 years. Incidence trends were also evaluated by using joinpoint and loess regression models.RESULTS:From 1986 through 2008, 8829 children aged 0 to 4 years were diagnosed with malignancies, including 3790 and 3299 in utero during the pre- and postfortification periods, respectively. Pre- and postfortification incidence rates were similar for all cancers combined and for most specific cancer types. Rates of Wilms tumor (WT), primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), and ependymomas were significantly lower postfortification. Joinpoint regression models detected increasing WT incidence from 1986 through 1997 followed by a sizable decline from 1997 through 2008, and increasing PNET incidence from 1986 through 1993 followed by a sharp decrease from 1993 through 2008. Loess curves indicated similar patterns.CONCLUSIONS:These results provide support for a decrease in WT and possibly PNET incidence, but not other childhood cancers, after US folic acid fortification.
Shared Decision-Making in Pediatric Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation: What If There Is No Decision to Make?
Authors: Pentz Rebecca D. , Pelletier Wendy , Alderfer Melissa A. , Stegenga Kristin , Fairclough Diane L. , Hinds Pamela S. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: When the alternative to medical treatment is likely death, ask parents and children whether they agree to the medical plan rather than suggesting they are sharing in “a decision.”Use the model of shared decision in appropriate settings, that is, those in which a bona fide choice exists.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Introduction.
Shared decision-making between health care professionals, patients, parents, and guardians is widely recommended today. However, it is unclear what happens when collaborative language is used by physicians in clinical situations for which patients and parents/guardians believe there is no decision to be made.

Methods.
We conducted a qualitative study of decision-making for pediatric allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation by interviewing patients, parents, grandparents, donor siblings, and nondonor children after the decision to proceed to transplant but before the transplantation. Each interview was audio recorded, transcribed, and coded for major themes.

Results.
In total, 107 members of 30 families at four sites were interviewed, including 15 patients, 22 mothers, 2 stepmothers, 1 grandmother, 19 fathers, 3 stepfathers, 1 grandfather, 13 sibling donors, and 31 nondonor children (siblings, half-siblings, and cousins). In all, 81% of parents/guardians, 73% of patients, 31% of donors, and 29% of other children reported there was no decision to be made. Almost all (88%) parents/guardians indicated that the physician's recommendation was a large determinant in their agreement to go forward with the transplantation. All parents/guardians reported that “agreeing to a plan” was a better description of what their consent entailed.

Conclusions.
To be respectful of patients and parents/guardians, we suggest that “agreeing to a plan” may be a better description for what parents/guardians must consider when the alternative to a transplantation is likely death. In this clinical context, the shared decision-making model with a focus on “a decision to be made” may be misleading.
Repair of Dimethacrylate-Based Composite Restorations by a Silorane-Based Composite: A One-Year Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Popoff DAV , Rosa TTA Santa , Ferreira RC , Magalhães CS , Moreira AN , Mjör IA 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYPurposeTo investigate clinical performance of a low-shrinkage silorane-based composite resin when used for repairing conventional dimethacrylate-based composite restorations.BackgroundDespite the continued development of resin-based materials, polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress still require improvement. A silorane-based monomer system was recently made available for dental restorations. This report refers to the use of this material for making repairs and evaluates the clinical performance of this alternative treatment.Materials and MethodsOne operator repaired the defective dimethacrylate-based composite resin restorations that were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: control (n=50) repair with Adper SE Plus (3M/ESPE) and Filtek P60 Posterior Restorative (3M/ESPE), and test (n=50) repair with P90 System Adhesive Self-Etch Primer and Bond (3M/ESPE) and Filtek P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative (3M/ESPE). After one week, restorations were finished and polished. Two calibrated examiners (Kw≥0.78) evaluated all repaired restorations, blindly and independently, at baseline and one year. The parameters examined were marginal adaptation, anatomic form, surface roughness, marginal discoloration, postoperative sensitivity, and secondary caries. The restorations were classified as Alpha, Bravo, or Charlie, according to modified US Public Health Service criteria. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the groups.ResultsOf the 100 restorations repaired in this study, 93 were reexamined at baseline. Dropout from baseline to one-year recall was 11%. No statistically significant differences were found between the materials for all clinical criteria, at baseline or at one-year recall (p&gt;0.05). No statistically significant differences were registered (p&gt;0.05) for each material when compared for all clinical criteria at baseline and at one-year recall.ConclusionsThe hypothesis tested in this randomized controlled clinical trial was accepted. After the one-year evaluations, the silorane-based composite exhibited a similar performance compared with dimethacrylate-based composite when used to make repairs.
The 7/8 Crown: A Lost Art
Authors: McGill ST , Holmes JR 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARY
Historically, the longevity of teeth restored with gold inlays, onlays, crowns, and partial veneer restorations is excellent. However, in-office computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing restorations, laboratory-constructed all-ceramic bonded restorations, and conventional ceramo-metal restorations are more common. The high price of gold, the difficulty of the preparation, and the fact that most dental schools are de-emphasizing the teaching of partial veneer restorations has created a situation whereby the 7/8 crown is rarely viewed as the treatment of choice. Time and experience will determine if the new ceramic materials, along with the all-important bonding agents, can achieve the success of a well-done, all-gold restoration.
Photoelectric Properties of Screen-Printed Al-Doped ZnO Films
Authors: Ogurcovs A. , Gerbreders Vj. , Tamanis E. , Gerbreders S. , Liberts G. 
Published: May 2012

Photoelectric Properties of Screen-Printed Al-Doped ZnO Films
The potential of cheap semiconductor materials in the area of solar energy use is illustrated by the example of zinc oxide (pure and Al-doped in various concentrations). Under investigation was the electric conductivity and photoelectric properties of ZnO thin films. The samples were prepared using screen-printing technique. The results of measurements point to non-linear relationships between Al concentration, photosensitivity and electrical conductivity of thin ZnO films. Optimal Al concentration for practical use of ZnO in photovoltaic devices is found to be ~ 1%. The experimental methods, technologies and results described in the paper could be used for further investigations in this area.
Antilock Brake System of Trolleybus
Authors: Safonau Andrei 
Published: May 2012

Antilock Brake System of Trolleybus
The antilock brake system (ABS) was developed, which co-ordinates actions of auxiliary and working braking systems of a trolleybus. A trolleybus type 321 "Belkommunmash", equipped with the proposed ABS was tested in road conditions. The results of tests confirmed compliance of the trolleybus with requirements of the rules UN EEC No 13. Decrease in slippage of the driving wheels, improved stability, roadability and traffic safety of the trolleybus was noted.
Formation ofTransFats: During Food Preparation
Authors: Przybylski Roman , Aladedunye Felix A. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: An investigation was completed to determine how typical cooking procedures used in food preparation, such as baking and stir-frying, affect trans fats formation.Methods: Canola oil was used as the main fat ingredient. Zucchini cake and gingersnap cookies were baked at 180° C and 200° C, while stir-fried chicken was prepared at 200° C and 275° C. The lipids from the food were extracted following the Folch procedure, and analyzed for trans fatty acids according to ISO official method 15304.Results: Minimal changes were observed in the amount of trans fats during baking. Application of extreme temperatures during baking, which caused carbonization of the outer layer of products, yielded an insignificant increase in the amount of trans isomers. As with baking, stir-frying did not result in significant isomerization of the fatty acids, even when the oil was heated to 275° C and smoking heavily before the food was placed in it. Irrespective of the cooking procedure, linolenic acid was the most prone to isomerization with the highest amount of trans isomers formation.Conclusions: Baking and stir-frying at normal and/or extreme temperatures do not significantly affect the amounts of trans fats. Likewise, heating oil to the smoking point during stirfrying may decrease the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids because of oxidative degradation.