bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gray and white matter brain volumes in older adults with bipolar disorder
Authors: Beyer John L. , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Payne Martha E. , MacFall James , Cassidy Frederick , Krishnan K. Ranga R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectivesStructural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been inconsistent in demonstrating volumetric differences in subjects with bipolar disorder. Most studies have not found difference in total gray or white matter in bipolar patients compared with controls, but there have been several studies suggesting that regional abnormalities are present. These have predominately been located in the frontal and temporal lobes. Since age has been inversely correlated with total gray matter in patients, analyses of gray matter changes in older adults or in studies that have included older subjects have been difficult. This study assessed the presence of gray matter volume, and the potential for regional volumetric differences in older adults with bipolar disorder.MethodsFifty‐six older adults with DSM‐IV bipolar disorder (mean age 60.5) and 43 non‐psychiatrically ill controls (mean age 58.1) had structured interviews and MRI scanning on a 1.5T GE Scanner. Image parcellation divided the cerebrum into 16 units. Volumetric differences were examined using the multivariate linear regression models with α = 0.05.ResultsRelative to controls, the older adults with bipolar disorder had significantly smaller gray matter volumes bilaterally in the inferior frontal areas. White matter volume was also reduced in these same areas but did not reach statistical significance when controlled for gender and age. No significant difference was noted in total gray or white matter volumes.ConclusionsOlder adults with bipolar disorder showed gray matter volumetric deficits in inferior frontal lobe regions which include structures identified as contributing to the anterior limbic network. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal MRI monitoring of brain damage in the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion rat model of schizophrenia
Authors: Bertrand Jean‐Baptiste , Langlois Jean‐Baptiste , Bégou Mélina , Volle Julien , Brun Philippe , d'Amato Thierry , Saoud Mohamed , Suaud‐Chagny Marie‐Françoise 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRat with excitotoxic neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL rats) is considered as a heuristic neurodevelopmental model for studying schizophrenia. Extensive study of this model is limited by the lack of clear validity criteria of such lesions and because ascertaining of the lesions is realized postmortem with histological examination after completing experiments. Here, in a first experiment, by assessing the locomotor response to amphetamine in adult NVHL rats, we further specify that the lesions must be bilateral and confined to the ventral hippocampus to obtain the validated behavioral phenotype. We then show a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol suitable for the detection of brain structural changes in NVHL rats. The T2‐weighted images acquired in adult NVHL rats reveal the same structural changes as those appraised with histological protocol. Moreover, we demonstrate that the lesion status in adulthood can be accurately predicted from the T2‐weighted images acquired in the juvenile period. As technical advantages, our MRI protocol makes possible to select animals according to lesion criteria as soon as in the juvenile period before long‐lasting experiments and gives access in vivo to a quantitative parameter indicative of the lesion extent. Finally, we show that the lesion size increases only slightly between juvenile and adult periods. These latter results are discussed in the context of the specific postpubertal emergence of the behavioral deficits in NVHL rats. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Language and academic abilities in children with selective mutism
Authors: Nowakowski Matilda E. , Cunningham Charles E. , McHolm Angela E. , Evans Mary Ann , Edison Shannon , Pierre Jeff St. , Boyle Michael H. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe examined receptive language and academic abilities in children with selective mutism (SM; n = 30; M age = 8.8 years), anxiety disorders (n = 46; M age = 9.3 years), and community controls (n = 27; M age = 7.8 years). Receptive language and academic abilities were assessed using standardized tests completed in the laboratory. We found a significant group by sex interaction for receptive vocabulary scores such that, within females, the SM and mixed anxiety groups had significantly lower receptive vocabulary scores than community controls. We also found that children with SM and children with anxiety disorders had significantly lower mathematics scores than community controls. Despite these differences in mathematics and receptive vocabulary performance, children with SM and children with anxiety disorders still performed at age‐level norms, while more children in the community control group performed above age‐level norms. Findings suggest that despite their speaking inhibition in the school setting, children with SM are still able to attain the receptive vocabulary and academic abilities that are expected at their age levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a nuclear factor‐κB inhibitor, onHelicobacter pylori‐induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Toyoda Takeshi , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Takasu Shinji , Shi Liang , Hirano Naoki , Ban Hisayo , Kumagai Toshiko , Tatematsu Masae 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) plays a major role in host inflammatory responses and carcinogenesis and as such is an important drug target for adjuvant therapy. In this study, we examined the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an NF‐κB inhibitor, onHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori)‐induced NF‐κB activation in cell culture and chronic gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. In AGS gastric cancer cells, CAPE significantly inhibitedH. pylori‐stimulated NF‐κB activation and mRNA expression of several inflammatory factors in a dose‐dependent manner, and prevented degradation of IκB‐α and phosphorylation of p65 subunit. To evaluate the effects of CAPE onH. pylori‐induced gastritis, specific pathogen‐free male, 6‐week‐old Mongolian gerbils were intragastrically inoculated withH. pylori, fed diets containing CAPE (0–0.1%) and sacrificed after 12 weeks. Infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells and expression of NF‐κB p50 subunit and phospho‐IκB‐α were significantly suppressed by 0.1% CAPE treatment in the antrum ofH. pylori‐infected gerbils. Labeling indices for 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine both in the antrum and corpus and lengths of isolated pyloric glands were also markedly reduced at the highest dose, suggesting a preventive effect of CAPE on epithelial proliferation. Furthermore, in the pyloric mucosa, mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐6, KC (IL‐8 homologue), and inducible nitric oxide synthase was significantly reduced. These results suggest that CAPE has inhibitory effects onH. pylori‐induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils through the suppression of NF‐κB activation, and may thus have potential for prevention and therapy ofH. pylori‐associated gastric disorders. © 2009 UICC
Interference with cellular differentiation by D‐serine through antagonism at N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors composed of NR1 and NR3A subunits in chondrocytes
Authors: Takarada Takeshi , Takahata Yoshifumi , Iemata Mika , Hinoi Eiichi , Uno Kyosuke , Hirai Takao , Yamamoto Tomomi , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSerine racemase (SR) is responsible for the biosynthesis of D‐serine (D‐Ser), an endogenous co‐agonist for the glycine (Gly)‐binding site on N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, from L‐Ser in the brain. We have previously demonstrated high expression of SR by chondrocytes in cartilage. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the possible functional role of D‐Ser in chondrogenesis. Expression of mRNA and corresponding protein was seen for SR in cultured rat costal chondrocytes, while the addition of L‐Ser significantly increased intracellular and extracellular levels of D‐Ser. In organotypic cultured mouse embryonic metatarsals isolated before vascularization, SR mRNA was highly localized in hypertrophic and calcified chondrocytes. Exposure to D‐Ser not only suppressed several chondrocytic maturation markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Ca2+ accumulation, nodule formation, and osteopontin expression, in rat chondrocytes, but also delayed chondral mineralization in mouse metatarsals. Either NMDA or Gly alone significantly increased Ca2+ accumulation in cultured chondrocytes, whereas D‐Ser significantly prevented Ca2+ accumulation by Gly, but not by NMDA. Gly alone also significantly increased gene transactivation by the introduction of runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2) in COS7 cells transfected with NR1 and NR3A subunits, while D‐Ser significantly prevented the increase by Gly without affecting the promoter activity of Runx2. In both cultured chondrocytes and metatarsals from NR1‐null mice, significant decreases were seen in ALP activity and chondral mineralization, respectively. These results suggest that D‐Ser may negatively regulate cellular differentiation through inhibiting NMDA receptors composed of NR1 and NR3A subunits in a manner related to Runx2 transcriptional activity in chondrocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 756–764, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The response of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, polyphenol oxidase and phenols to cold stress in the olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Picual)
Authors: Ortega‐García Francisca , Peragón Juan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In this study the activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the concentrations of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein in olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Picual) leaves were investigated before and after cold stress by freezing. The air temperature fell to below −7 °C and, according to the specific field conditions, four categories of orchard were selected: not cold stressed (NS), lightly cold stressed (LS), moderately cold stressed (MS) and heavily cold stressed (HS).RESULTS: In LS and MS samples the PAL specific activity at saturated substrate concentration rose 4.8‐ and 1.9‐fold respectively compared with NS samples. In HS samples the PAL activity declined by 47% compared with NS samples. A low level of PAL protein was detected in all samples affected by cold stress. In LS, MS and HS samples the PPO specific activity at saturated substrate concentration was 1.9‐, 4.4‐ and 9.8‐fold higher respectively than in NS samples. Km values also increased after cold stress. In MS and HS samples the concentration of oleuropein was 69 and 82% higher respectively than in NS samples, while the concentrations of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol decreased.CONCLUSION: The response of PAL activity may be part of a recovery process of the olive leaf against cold stress, while the response of PPO and oleuropein may be part of an antioxidant protection mechanism. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
1‐Methyl‐3‐pyridine‐2‐yl‐thiourea as inhibitor for acid corrosion of stainless steel
Authors: Hosseini S. M. A. , Salari M. , Ghasemi M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe inhibiting effect of 1‐methyl‐3‐pyridine‐2‐yl‐thiourea (MPT) on the corrosion of stainless steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was investigated using weight loss and potentiostatic polarization techniques. The percentage inhibition efficiencies and surface coverage degrees increased with increasing additive concentration. Potentiostatic polarization studies revealed that MPT is of the mixed‐type inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The adsorption of this inhibitor is also found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. From the adsorption isotherm, value of the ΔGads for the adsorption process was calculated. From the corrosion rate obtained at 25–55 °C Ea, ΔHa and possible mechanism have been proposed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done from the surface of the exposed sample indicating uniform film on the surface.
Influence of the sulphate reducing bacteria on API‐X70 steel corrosion
Authors: Rodriguez‐Hernandez M. , Galvan‐Martinez R. , Orozco‐Cruz R. , Martinez E. A. , Torres‐Sanchez R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe corrosion behaviour of API X70 immersed in a specific medium with a strain of thermophilic sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) was analysed. Anaerobic corrosion test was carry out for 32 days at 50 °C. During the exposure time, pH, sulphate (SO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) concentration were measured. Corrosion potential, linear polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization curve were used in order to get the influence of the SRB in the corrosion phenomenon. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine corrosion morphology. Results show that the SRB activity influenced the overall corrosion process. The anodic branches in the polarization curves show a passivity feature, whereas, the cathodic branches were not affected. A localized corrosion attack was found.
The effects of various formwork surfaces on the corrosion performance of reinforcing steel in concrete
Authors: Subaşı S. , Arslan M. , Durmuş G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, the effects of various formwork surfaces on the corrosion performance of reinforcing steel in concrete were examined. For this purpose, seven formwork surfaces from populus nigra, pinus silvestris, steel sheet, and four of plywoods were prepared. Three of the plywood formworks were covered with different geotextile liners and drainage channel and holes were drilled on their surfaces. One of the plywood formworks having no processes on its surface was for control. Reinforcing steels were first embedded in formworks and then the concrete was poured. The samples were exposed to corrosion in a way of settling them in 5% NaCl solution. We tested the corrosion potential and bonding strength of the samples. Later, the mass loss and tensile strength were measured on reinforcing bars that were pulled out from the concrete. The chloride content and pH values were also tested on concrete powders. The results indicated that drained‐lined formwork (F5 with TB50 + F613 geotextile liner) compared to steel sheet (F4 undrained and unlined) gave 16% lower corrosion and 68% higher bonding strength on reinforcing bars embedded samples, 73% lower mass loss and 4% higher tensile strength on reinforcing bars, and 70% lower chloride content and 4% higher pH on concrete powders. In addition, it was found that the corrosion strength of reinforcing steels in concrete could be increased if drained‐lined formworks were utilized.
Corrosion fatigue of a manganese–nitrogen stabilized austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Sonnleitner R. , Mori G. , Panzenböck M. , Fluch R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAustenitic chromium–manganese–nitrogen stabilized stainless steels have been developed to replace chromium–nickel–nitrogen stainless steels in certain applications. In comparison, chromium–manganese–nitrogen steels have improved mechanical properties and acceptable corrosion resistance in hot, high chloride containing media. In this paper, corrosion fatigue investigations of a solution annealed and for practice more relevant 14% cold worked high alloyed chromium–manganese–nitrogen steel have been done. Inert glycerine was used as reference media and 62% calcium chloride solution as corrosive media, both aerated at a temperature of 120 °C. The stress ratio between upper and lower stress levels was 0.05 (tension–tension loading) to avoid the destruction of the fracture surfaces. As testing frequency for the dynamic experiments, 20 Hz was chosen considering possible application areas. Maximum stress versus number of cycles curves were recorded and representative specimens were investigated in a scanning electron microscope. In addition, electrochemical tests, exposure tests and constant load tests were done. This paper shows results on the corrosion fatigue of a manganese–nitrogen stabilized austenitic steel in a hot high chloride containing salt solution and helps to get a better understanding of occurring failure mechanisms.
Morphology Development of Polymer Blends in Extruder: The Effects of Compatibilization and Rotation Rate
Authors: Li Huaping , Sundararaj Uttandaraman 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe effects of reactive compatibilization and extruder rotation rate on morphology development of polymer blends are studied. Morphology develops faster in compatibilized blends than that in their uncompatibilized counterparts. Based on force analysis, it has been proved that compatibilization facilitates dispersion by reducing slip at the interface of polymer phases. Rotation rate influences the morphology development of polymer blends by changing the residence time of polymers in the extruder. For uncompatibilized blends, the 400 rpm run results in finer microstructure at the outlet of the extruder than the 1 000 rpm run. Compatibilization suppresses this effect by reaching a steady‐state morphology before the outlet and results in similar microstructure for the 400 and 1 000 rpm runs.magnified image
Fluorescent Superparamagnetic Polylactide Nanoparticles by Combination of Miniemulsion and Emulsion/Solvent Evaporation Techniques
Authors: Urban Markus , Musyanovych Anna , Landfester Katharina 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBiodegradable and fluorescent polylactide nanospheres loaded with iron oxide particles of different sizes (either 10 or 25 nm) were prepared by the combination of miniemulsion and emulsion/solvent evaporation techniques. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies indicate that the obtained particles have uniform and spherical shape with an average size between 80–120 nm. The size of the particles mainly depends on the molecular weight of the used polylactide. The iron oxide content and the encapsulation homogeneity were determined from the thermogravimetric analysis and preparative ultracentrifugation, respectively. The obtained particles displayed superparamagnetic properties. Additional incorporation of the hydrophobic fluorescent dye gives the possibility to employ the obtained composite particles as model markers in order to study, for example, cellular uptake mechanism.magnified image
Morphology and Photophysical Properties of DB‐PPV/PMMA Luminescent Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Chen Hsieh‐Chih , Liu Cheng‐Liang , Bai Chi‐Chung , Wang Nian‐Hau , Tuan Chih‐Shan , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMorphology and photophysical properties of DB‐PPV/PMMA blend luminescence ES fibers were tuned though various solvents and DB‐PPV content. The blend fiber prepared from solvents with different boiling points led to various aggregated morphology of DB‐PPV, such as core‐shell or wire‐like structures. The absorption and luminescence peak maxima were red‐shifted with the larger DB‐PPV aggregation size or increasing blend content, but the luminescence quantum efficiency showed a decreasing trend. Moreover, highly‐aligned DB‐PPV/PMMA blend ES fibers with polarized emission were successfully prepared using a modified collector design. The present study suggests that the morphology and photophysical properties could be efficiently tuned through solvent type and conjugated moiety content.magnified image
Indestructibility and stationary reflection
Authors: Apter Arthur W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIf κ < λ are such that κ is a strong cardinal whose strongness is indestructible under κ ‐strategically closed forcing and λ is weakly compact, then we show that A = {δ < κ | δ is a non‐weakly compact Mahlo cardinal which reflects stationary sets}must be unbounded in κ. This phenomenon, however, need not occur in a universe with relatively few large cardinals. In particular, we show how to construct a model where no cardinal is supercompact up to a Mahlo cardinal in which the least supercompact cardinal κ is also the least strongly compact cardinal, κ 's strongness is indestructible under κ ‐strategically closed forcing, κ 's supercompactness is indestructible under κ ‐directed closed forcing not adding any new subsets of κ, and δ is Mahlo and reflects stationary sets iff δ is weakly compact. In this model, no strong cardinal δ < κ is indestructible under δ ‐strategically closed forcing. It therefore follows that it is relatively consistent for the least strong cardinal κ whose strongness is indestructible under κ ‐strategically closed forcing to be the same as the least supercompact cardinal, which also has its supercompactness indestructible under κ ‐directed closed forcing not adding any new subsets of κ (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cracking risk of partially saturated porous media—Part II: Application to drying shrinkage
Authors: Pichler Bernhard , Dormieux Luc 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDrying of deformable porous media results in their shrinkage, and it may cause cracking provided that shrinkage deformations are hindered by kinematic constraints. Herein, we focus on slow drying of an initially water‐saturated sample of a microheterogeneous poroelastic material damaged by parallel mesocracks. The cracking risk is analyzed by means of the thermodynamics‐based microporoelasticity model described in the companion paper (Part I), which is extended toward consideration of the hierarchical organization of cracked argillite. Drying of a material sample is studied in a framework where macrodisplacements in direction of the crack normal are blocked, while elsewise macrostress‐free boundary conditions prevail. The model implies that the opening/closure behavior of the cracks is governed by an effective pressure, in which the average crack (under)pressure, making the crack opening smaller, competes with the average micropore (under)pressure that makes the crack opening larger. The driving force for crack propagation is a quadratic function of this effective pressure. The model proposes that if drying shrinkage deformations are hindered by kinematic constraints, onset of cracking becomes possible once air entry into the cracks is observed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmentally benign preparation of bifunctional cation exchange fibers
Authors: Zhang Qikun , Zhang Sujuan , Yang Ying , Chen Shuixia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA bifunctional cation exchange fiber was prepared by an efficient and environmentally benign method. In this method, sodium p‐styrene sulfonate (SSS) was cografted directly onto the polypropylene (PP) fiber along with acrylic acid (AA), which eliminated the sulfonation process of grafting fiber with concentrated sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid in the conventional method. Effects of the grafting conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time, pH value, and the influence of acrylic acid and metallic salt on the graft copolymer reaction were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the cation exchange fibers were characterized with diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), TG‐IR analysis, and monofilament tensile properties test. The experimental results indicate that the optimal conditions of pre‐irradiation grafting are 80°C for 5 hr, and the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the product are better than those of commercial materials (Fiban.K‐1). The total static ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the cationic exchange fiber is up to 5.33 mmol/g. The maximal IEC contribution from the strong acid part is 2.47 mmol/g. This synthetic method provides a clean industrial way for the preparation of bifunctional cation exchange fibers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.