bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further Studies on Immunoglobulin G‐ and Albumin‐Binding Properties of Streptococci of Serological Group L
Authors: Sippel K. , Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this study, all 88 streptococci of serological group L isolated from cows, pigs, poultry and humans bound 125I‐immunoglobulin G, and, in addition, 22 cultures interacted with 125I‐albumin. IgG‐ and albumin‐binding sites were solubilized from the streptococcal surface by heat extraction at an acid pH and also by mutanolysin treatment of the bacteria. Western blot analysis of these binding proteins revealed that almost identical protein bands were responsible for 125I‐IgG and ‐albumin binding. Certain protein fractions of the cultures interacted exclusively with 125I‐IgG, indicating that there are two groups of IgG receptors among streptococci of this serogroup.
Inflammation in the Bovine Teat Cistern Induced byStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Persson K. , Amolina B. , Jonsson P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe inflammatory response, characterized by the accumulation of leukocytes, bovine serum albumin and the lysosomal enzyme N‐acetyl‐ß‐D‐glucosaminidase, was studied after inoculation of either 5 times 105colony‐forming units (CFU) or 2 times 102CFU of theStaphylococcus aureusstrain SA 14391 into teat cisterns of dry cows after surgical closure of the passage between the teat and udder cisterns. Teat cistern samples were taken before, and twice daily for 7 days after, inoculation of the bacteria. Infusion of sterile saline constituted a control.Persistent infections occurred in all teats inoculated with the higher dose (5 times 105CFU) of bacteria, and a prominent inflammatory response was elicited. Marked differences were observed in leukocyte migration patterns between different cows, and a cyclic influx of leukocytes was evident. Inoculation of the lower dose (2 times 102CFU) of bacteria did not result in a persistent infection, and only a slight inflammatory response was observed.The results indicate that the bovine teat tissues are capable of mounting a strong local inflammatory response toS. aureusinfection. A large number of leukocytes invaded the teat, but, despite their numbers, they were unable to subdue the infection, except when the bacterial count was low.
Experimental Oral Infection of Specific Pathogen‐free Laying Hens and Cocks with Salmonella enteritidis Strains
Authors: Methner U. , Al‐Shabibi S. , Meyer H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 105 specific pathogen‐free (SPF) laying hens and eight cocks were orally infected with strains of Salmonella enteritidis. The organs of these animals were examined bacteriologically for up to 6 weeks post infectionem (p.i.). One‐half of the eggs laid on a single day were examined 1 day after laying, and the other half 28 days after laying. The siderophore, ferrioxamine E, was added to the pre‐enrichment medium. A high correlation was found to exist between colonization of the caecum by salmonellas and the level of contamination of the egg shell. No correlation was found between the contamination of the egg shell and that of the egg content. The strains used for infection were not recovered from any yolk out of a total of 938 eggs. S. enteritidis was isolated from the albumen in four cases (0.4%). Storage of the eggs for 28 days after laying resulted in a decrease in the frequency of salmonella detection on the egg shell and in the egg content.The strains used for infection could be isolated from various sections of the sexual organs for up to 2 weeks p.i. S. enteritidis was most frequently found in the ovary and rarely in the oviduct, but never in the pre‐ovulatory mature follicles. In the groups that included salmonella‐infected cocks, the salmonella detection frequency did not increase either for the egg content or for the organs of the laying hens. It seems that primary vertical transmission of salmonellas occurs, in rare cases, as a result of an infection of the albumen but not of the yolk.
Infection Model for Hatching Chicks Infected with Salmonella enteritidis
Authors: Methner U. , Al‐Shabibi S. , Meyer H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of six different strains of Salmonella enteritidis (phage type 4) were used for the artificial infection of the egg yolk and albumen of SPF hatching eggs. An artificial yolk infection with low infection doses of S. enteritidis resulted in a considerable multiplication of salmonellas in the egg after a short time and a rapid embryonic death. After inoculation of 103 cfu of different S. enteritidis strains into the albumen, living day‐old chicks infected with salmonellas were hatched. This model corresponds to a primary vertical transmission of salmonellas and permits the investigation of problems concerning the pathogen/host relationship.
A Sensitive Double‐antibody Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbant Assay for Bovine Myeloperoxidase and its Application to Serum and Neutrophil Extracts
Authors: Cooray R. , Petersson C. G. B. , Moberg L. , Båge R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), with a spectral A430/A280 ratio >0.78, was purified from isolated bovine neutrophils. Using highly specific anti‐MPO monoclonal and anti‐MPO polyclonal antibodies raised against MPO, a specific and sensitive double‐antibody enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was developed to measure bovine MPO in serum and neutrophil extracts. The ELISA shows good precision and accuracy, with intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation of <10% for MPO concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50 ng/ml. The accuracy of the ELISA for measuring MPO in bovine serum was further confirmed by the similarity between the standard curve and curves obtained with successive dilutions of MPO‐rich serum samples. The mean analytical recovery of MPO from serum was approximately 90%. Long delays between blood sampling and serum preparation were found to affect the level of MPO in the serum. Mean MPO values in the serum of healthy adult cows were 6.5 ng/ml, with a range of 3.5–15.3 ng/ml. In dairy cows with acute mastitis, mean serum MPO values were approximately 30 ng/ml, with a range of 6.0–59.6 ng/ml, and the elevation was markedly higher than the normal values (P = 0.0001). In isolated neutrophils from healthy cattle, MPO concentrations were found to be 7 times 10−4 ng, with a range of 6.5–8.3 times 10−4 ng/neutrophil. The ELISA was used to study the distribution of MPO in the bovine neutrophil granules; it was found to be localized to one distinct compartment.
Copro‐antibody in Calves from Dams Vaccinated against Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Staak C. , Luge E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCalves received colostrum either with (positive colostrum) or without (negative colostrum) anti‐Salmonella typhimuriumantibodies. Regarding the detectability of copro‐antibodies, the following observations have been made. In calves that had been given positive colostrum on day 4 post natum (p.n.), copro‐antibodies were detectable over 7 days, while in those that had received positive colostrum on day 1 p.n. copro‐antibodies were detectable over 45 days. After supplying highly positive colostrum, copro‐antibodies were found over a period of 8 weeks, and after supplying weakly positive colostrum, they were found over a period of 5 weeks. It is concluded that serum antibodies are transferred to the intestine for maximum local protection, and that there exists a preference for the intestinal system regarding the distribution of salmonella antibodies.Challenge infection on day 5 p.n. of calves that had received highly positive colostrum resulted in a copro‐antibody gap that reached the limit of detectability in two calves that were excreting salmonellas. Challenge infection of calves that had received negative colostrum provoked a local IgM and IgA antibody response.
Borrelia in Pigeons: no Serological Evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection
Authors: Fabbi M. , Sambri V. , Marangoni A. , Magnino S. , Basano F. Solari , Cevenini R. , Genchi C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn order to clarify the supposed involvement of urban pigeons (Columba livia livia) in the epidemiology of Lyme disease, the presence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia anserina in pigeons' sera, collected in 12 areas of northern and central Italy, was evaluated. This evaluation was carried out using a classic immunofluorescence assay (IFA), a surface immunofluorescence assay (SIFA) and a standard Western Blot (WB) assay. A total of 104 out of 3,186 (3.26%) serum samples were positive for both spirochetes when tested by IFA, with titres ranging from 1/40 to 1/1280. All positive specimens showed the same or a higher reactivity against B. anserina than against B. burgdorferi. Of the IFA positive samples, 30 were tested by WB and SIFA to evaluate further the specificity of the antibody response, i.e. to try to clarify against which spirochete the antibodies were raised. The presence of antibodies against the 23 kDa protein exclusive to B. anserina, and against epitopes which are not surface‐exposed and which are common to B. anserina and B. burgdorferi, was assessed by WB and SIFA. No serological evidence that B. burgdorferi can infect pigeons was found.
Possible Naturally Occurring Zeranol in Bovine Bile in Northern Ireland
Authors: Kennedy D. G. , McEvoy J. D. G. , Blanchflower W. J. , Hewitt S. A. , Cannavan A. , McCaughey W. J. , Elliott C. T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryZeranol and two Fusarium toxins, α‐zearalenol and ß‐zearalenol, were confirmed by gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in bovine bile samples referred to this laboratory for analysis. No evidence of zeranol abuse was found on‐farm. Given the recent suggestion that zeranol might arise from the metabolism of these Fusarium toxins, and the finding of zeranol in bovine and ovine urine across the EU, it was concluded that the residues had arisen as a result of natural metabolism.
Modelluntersuchungen zur Psychrotrophie von Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Bergann T. , Kleemann J. , Sohr D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryModel Investigations into the Psychrotrophic Growth of Yersinia enterocoliticaCold storage cannot permanently inhibit an undesirable growth of micro‐organisms in food. Psychrotrophic bacteria and fungi are of special interest in this context. Previous information concerning the ability of Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica (e. to grow at temperatures at or below 0 °C are insufficient. Therefore, adequate model investigations at temperatures from −1 to −5 °C were undertaken, using nearly 90 Y. strains of different origin. The plate‐count dynamic in nutrient broth was studied for a period of 3 weeks. In order to characterize the dynamic of bacterial growth, the quotient (Q) between the Y. plate counts at both the end and beginning of the investigation was calculated. Each increase of the plate count to at least double the initial population was regarded as growth in the true sense. At the end of the examination, the percentage of strains with at least doubled initial plate count was, at −1 °C, about 85%, about 85% at −2 °C, 59% at −3 °C, nearly 16% at −4 °C, and about 13% at −5 °C.These results make it clear that there are numerous Y.e. strains that are able to grow at temperatures below 0 °C. Moreover, several strains can even grow at −5 °C.ZusammenfassungUnerwünschtes Mikrobenwachstum kann durch Kühllagerung von Lebensmitteln auf Dauer nicht verhindert werden. Insbesondere psychrotroph wachsende Bakterien und Pilze sind in diesem Zusammenhang von Interesse. Bisherige Angaben zur Fähigkeit von Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica (e., sich bei Temperaturen um oder unter 0°C vermehren zu können, sind unzureichend.Daher wurden entsprechende Modellversuche mit ca. 90 Stämmen unterschiedlicher Herkunft im Temperaturbereich zwischen −1 und −5 °C durchgeführt. Die Keimzahlentwicklung wurde in Nährbouillon über einen Zeitraum von 3 Wochen geprüft. Die Charakterisierung der Keimdynamik erfolgte anhand des Quotienten (Q) aus der Keimzahl zum Versuchsende und der Keimzahl zum Versuchsbeginn. Dabei wurde als Vermehrung im eigentlichen Sinne jeder Anstieg der Keimzahl auf mindestens das Doppelte der Ausgangskeimzahl gewertet. Der Anteil von Stämmen mit mindestens verdoppelter Ausgangskeimzahl nach 3 Wochen dauernder ‘Inkubation’ betrug bei −1 °C ca. 85%, bei −2 °C ebenfalls ca. 85%, bei −3 °C 59%, bei −4 °C ca. 16% und bei −5 °C noch ca. 13%.Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, daß sich zahlreiche Y.e.‐Stämme im Temperaturbereich unter 0 °C vermehren können, einzelne Stämme sogar bei −5 °C hierzu noch in der Lage sind.
Zum elektronenmikroskopischen Spirochäten‐Nachweis bei derDermatitis digitalisdes Rindes1
Authors: Grund S. , Nattermann H. , Horsch F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryElectron‐microscopic Examination of Spirochaetes inDermatitis digitaleslesions in CowsIn typicalDermatitis digitalis(D.d. lesions, spirochaete‐like bacteria with variations in spiralization were revealed by electron microscopy. While, in the early stages of the disease, these are found to be associated with fibrillar material of keratocytes, they occur massively in vacuoles at more advanced stages. The spirochaetes carry one pair of endoflagella, originating with a hook from the poles of the bacteria. These flagellas are composed of coiled flagelling fibrils in the pole region, merging towards the centre of the bacterium. A coat of fibrils was found in association with the cytoplasmatic membrane. The winding of this coat follows and may influence the coiling of the protoplast, and is probably involved in the rapid motility of this spirochaetes, together with the flagella. Immuno‐electronmicroscopy revealed an antigenic relationship withBorrelia burgdorferi, at least with regard to the regions of flagella and undulating membrane. The paper discusses: 1. The possible classification of these spirochaetes with the genus Treponema; 2. The layer of peptidoglycan occuring on the outer membrane; and 3. The keratolytic activity of spirochaetes inD.d.ZusammenfassungIn typischen Läsionen einerDermatitis digitalisdes Rindes werden spirochätenartige Keime elektronenmikroskopisch aufgezeigt, die im Frühstadium an faserigem Material von Keratozyten, in fortgeschrittenen Stadien in Vakuolen im Interzellularspalt massenhaft zu finden sind. Diese Spirochäten weisen je Pol ein Paar Endoflagellen auf, die polar hakenförmig entspringen, sich in der Keimmitte treffen und von verdrillten Flagellinfibrillen gebildet werden. Darunter findet sich assoziiert mit der Cytoplasmamembran ein Fibrillenmantel, der den variablen Keimwindungen folgt, vom Keimpol ausgeht und mit den Geißeln die starke Keimbewegung bewirken dürfte. Eine antigene Verwandtschaft zuBorrelia burgdorferi, zumindest im Bereich von Geißeln und ondulierender Membran zeigt sich bei der Immunelektronenmikroskopie. Diskutiert werden die Zuordnung der Spirochäten zum Genus Treponema, eine peptidoglykanhaltige Schicht auf der Außenmembran und eine keratolytische Aktivität der Spirochäten bei derD.d.
Increase of Antigen Production in BLV‐infected Cell Lines via Additional Expression of Tax
Authors: Wagner H.‐J. , Blankenstein P. , Bondzio A. , Ebner D. , Risse S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe selection of animals infected with the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is performed by the immunological detection of antibodies against the virus, commonly using the antigen gp51. Furthermore, research is being carried out to develop protective vaccines against BLV that have gp51 as their main component. Taking both of these factors into account, it is clear that there will be an increasing requirement for the virus antigen gp51 for some time to come. The permanently BLV‐infected foetal lamb kidney cell line FLK/BLV (and its sublines) has been proved to be the most useful culture for the mass production of the virus antigen. Stable cell lines producing higher quantities of BLV antigen have not been established, either by subcloning of the FLK/BLV or by infection of other permanent cells with BLV. Here, a report is made on efforts to increase the expression of gp51 in BLV‐infected cells via the additional expression of homologous transactivating virus protein tax. Selectable tax expression vectors that integrate into the host cell genome were constructed using BL provirus DNA fragments. Highly productive FLK/BLV cells were transfected with these vectors. Following selection with G 418, gp51‐producing cell lines were established and tested for their productivity for several months. Some tax‐vector‐containing cell lines have produced 1.5‐2 times more gp51 than the highly productive parental control cell line FLK/BLV 44‐1.
Ostertagiosis en ‘Toro de lidia’
Authors: Méndez A. , Hervás J. , Gómez‐Villamandos J. C. , Fernández A. , Sierra M. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOstertagiosis in Fighting‐bull CalvesIn this paper, an outbreak of ostertagiosis in fighting‐bull calves is described. Of 95 calves, 12 were affected and 10 died.Grossly, the abomasal mucosa was aedematous and showed multiple whitish tiny nodules. Differential diagnoses at a macroscopic level included parasitation byE. gilruthi.However, histologically the presence ofOstertagiaspp. larvae in the lumen of the gastric glands was confirmed.The inflammatory reaction observed in the abomasal mucosa, together with the clinical picture, correspond to type‐II ostertagiosis, with metaplasia, hyperplasia, dilatation, and parasitic forms in the gastric glands.ResumenEn este trabajo se presenta la descripción de un brote de ostertagiosis en terneros de la razaToro de lidia.De un total de 95 animales se afectaron 12 animales de los que murieron 10. Macroscópicamente, la mucosa abomasal presentaba el típico aspecto de ‘cuero repujado’, lo que indicaba una posible infestación por parte deOstertagiaspp., aunque había que descartar la parasitación porE. gilruthique también afecta a ganado vacuno y que, macroscópicamente, produce una lesión similar; sin embargo, histológicamente se comprobó la presencia de larvas deOstertagiaspp., en la luz de las glándulas gástricas. El tipo de reacción inflamatoria observada en la mucosa abomasal parece indicativo, junto con el cuadro clínico, de una ostertagiosis tipo II, describiéndo las alteraciones morfológicas que sufren las glándulas gástricas en este tipo de parasitación.
Seasonal Availability of Fasciola hepatica Metacercariae in a Temperate Mediterranean Area (Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Luzón‐Peña M. , Rojo‐Vázquez F. A. , Gómez‐Bautista M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this experiment, conducted over a 3‐year period (1988–1990), the seasonal availability ofFasciola hepaticametacercariae in a temperate Mediterranean area (Madrid, central Spain) was analysed according to the rhythms of snail infection, the periods of cercarial emission, and the resistance of metacercariae. In this area, snails could be infected from late April to early November. Cercarial emission by spring infection started at the beginning of summer and terminated 3–4 weeks later. Mid‐summer temperatures led to the extinction of shedding populations and of the metacercariae emitted by them, but were well tolerated by the snails with undeveloped infections. No aestivation was observed and summer infection led to a progressive shedding wave from August to late December, when it was interrupted. These populations became extinguished in the colder winter of 1988, but overwintered in the mild and belated winter of 1989. Only the snails infected from late summer onwards resumed activity and shed cercariae in spring, from the second half of March to late June. Risk of infection for grazing animals during winter will depend on survival of metacercariae. With a mean mortality of 23% during December and January, and of 38% during the following 2 months, no more than 30% of metacercariae reach the spring alive. Accordingly, risk of infection for grazing animals in spring will depend on overwintering infection of snails. These results indicate that temperature more than humidity could be responsible for different transmission patterns from year to year as winter thermic profiles could be the key for the transmission of fasciolosis during spring.
High Mortality in Goats Associated with the Isolation of a Strain ofMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoides(Large Colony Type)
Authors: Rodríguez J. L. , Poveda J. B. , Orós J. , Herráez P. , Sierra M. A. , Fernández A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA goat pleuropneumonia outbreak occurring in a herd of 800 animals in the province of Ciudad Real, Spain, is described in this paper. Severe respiratory signs and high mortality were the most significant clinical observations. The adult goats presented mainly respiratory symptoms and/or mastitis, whereas the young animals died showing arthritis and/or keratoconjunctivitis.The most significant lesions were found in the thoracic cavity. A focal extensive fibrino‐necrotic pleuropneumonia was macroscopically seen, and the histopathological analysis confirmed a fibrinopurulent and necrotic pleuropneumonia with areas of acute pyogenic bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pericarditis associated with a multifocal purulent mastitis and/or a fibrinopurulent arthritis in some goats.Microbiologically, the mycoplasmas isolated grew rapidly (18–24 h), and, after 48 h, there were colonies of 1–1.5 mm diameter. These isolations were biochemically characterized asMycoplasma mycoidesspp. and showed serological characteristics corresponding toMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesLarge Colony.One of the isolations, the strain 2/93, experimentally showed its pathogenicity causing acute interstitial pneumonia and arthritis when it was inoculated in 1‐week‐old kids.
Susceptibility of Llamas (Lama glama) to Infection with Foot‐and‐mouth‐disease Virus
Authors: Fondevila N. A. , Marcoveccio F. J. , Viera J. Blanco , O'Donnell V. K. , Carrillo B. J. , Schudel A. A. , David M. , Torres A. , Mebus C. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the ability of foot‐and‐mouth‐disease (FMD) virus (serotypes A79, C3, O1) to infect susceptible ***llamas exposed either directly to affected livestock, or indirectly to llamas that had been directly exposed to affected livestock. In addition, susceptible livestock species (cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep) were exposed to those llamas that had been both directly and indirectly exposed to the FMD virus to further look at potential transmission possibilities. Of 30 llamas directly exposed to the FMD virus, only three (3/30) showed evidence of infection, and of those, only two (2/30) had mild clinical signs. No FMD virus was isolated from either oesophageal‐pharyngeal (OP) fluid or blood samples collected from the infected llamas beyond 14 days post‐exposure. There was no evidence of virus transmission between the directly exposed and indirectly exposed llamas or between both groups of llamas and susceptible domestic livestock, as determined by the lack of clinical signs, by virus isolation, and by serology results. These results provide further evidence that llamas are resistant to FMD infection, and that they play a minor role, if any, in transmitting the virus to domestic livestock.