bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 13 Neoproterozoic sequences of the West Congo and Lindi/Ubangi Supergroups in the Congo Craton, Central Africa
Authors: Tait Jenny , Delpomdor Franck , Préat Alain , Tack Luc , Straathof Gijs , Nkula Valentin Kanda 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The focus of this chapter is the West Congo Supergroup in the West Congo Belt (WCB), which extends along the western margin of the Congo Craton from Gabon in the north to northern Angola in the south, and the Lindi/Ubangi Supergroup of the Lindian and Fouroumbala – Bakouma Basins exposed on the northern margin of the craton. In both regions, up to two distinct diamictite horizons have been recognized, the younger of which is often associated with carbonate rocks. Geochronological constraints are generally rather poor, many of the deposits lack modern sedimentological analysis, and the glacial versus non-glacial genesis of the diamictites is a matter of debate in the literature. However, recent studies suggest a periglacial influence of diamictite deposition, particularly for the sequences in the WCB. The stratigraphy of the various basins is described, available geochemical and geochronological information collated, and recent work regarding the periglacial nature of the diamictites discussed. Finally, an updated chronostratigraphic correlation between the basins is presented. However, much more work is required, particularly in the Neoproterozoic basins on the northern margin of the Congo Craton, and more accurate geochronological constraints are required before the Neoproterozoic palaeogeography and depositional environments of the western and northern Congo Craton can be fully understood.
Chapter 28 Late Cryogenian (Vendian) glaciogenic deposits in the Marnya Formation, Oselok Group, in the foothills of the East Sayan Range, southwestern Siberian Craton
Authors: Sovetov J. K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The glaciogenic deposits of the Ulyakha Member (Mb.) referred to as Ulyakha diamictite (tillite), and the associated Late Cryogenian (Early Vendian) glaciofluvial deposits, are the lower strata of the Marnya Formation (Fm.) of the Oselok Group (Gr.) in the southwestern Siberian craton, which rest erosionally over the Cryogenian (Late Riphean) Karagassy Group. The Oselok Group deposits fill the Peri-Sayan foredeep and their stratigraphic equivalents immediately overlie the basement of the Siberian Platform. The glaciogenic deposits, including diamictite, breccia, boulder conglomerate and sandstone, had multistage sedimentation, were widespread, and underlie a cap dolomite of the lower Ozerki Mb. The Late Cryogenian (Early Vendian) age of the Ulyakha Mb. is defined by traces of shallow-marine soft-bodied animals in the middle part of the Ozerki Mb., and by findings of Ediacaran-like Metazoa in the overlying Bolshaya Aisa Mb. of the Marnya Fm. Deposition of the Ulyakha tillites and associated rocks has been correlated with the Late Cryogenian (Marinoan) glaciation based on the δ
13
C patterns in carbonate deposits in the Marnya and Uda formations and their stratigraphic position much below the Pre-Manykai and Zhuya δ
13
C negative signatures, which have been equated to the Wonoka anomaly.
Chapter 30 The Khubsugul Group, Northern Mongolia
Authors: Macdonald Francis A. , Jones David S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Khubsugul Group of northern Mongolia contains diamictites in the Ongoluk and Khesen formations that are succeeded by a stratiform phosphorite deposit and >2 km of early Cambrian dolomite. The stratigraphy of the Khubsugul Group, including the two diamictites, can be correlated with that of the Dzabkhan platform in southern Mongolia. By correlation, the Ongoluk diamictite is an early Cryogenian glacial deposit. A glaciogenic origin is inferred from the presence of striated clasts and bed-penetrating dropstones. The younger Khesen diamictite consists predominantly of a massive carbonate-clast diamictite, but also contains bed-penetrating dropstones in rare stratified facies, and is inferred to be end Cryogenian in age. The two diamictites are separated by as much as 250 m of allodapic carbonate. The phosphorite in the upper Khesen Formation (Fm.) is likely latest Ediacaran to early Cambrian in age and is separated from the glacial deposits by a major hiatus. Consequently, no links can be made between the phosphogenesis and the glacial deposits. Only limited geochemical, geochronological and palaeomagnetic results from the Khubsugul basin have been reported to date, but work is ongoing and there is strong potential for future studies.
Chapter 43 The Squantum Member of the Boston Basin, Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Carto Shannon L. , Eyles Nick 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The Neoproterozoic diamictite-bearing Squantum Member is located in the Boston Basin in eastern Massachusetts, USA. The Boston Basin forms part of the Avalonia island arc terrane (
c.
650 Ma), and appears to have originated as a rift-type basin in an extensional setting along the northern margin of Gondwana, although its exact position is debated. Inferred palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the Boston Basin have alternated between a fluvial basin where ice played a major role in transporting much of the coarse material and an evolving marine basin dominated by non-glacial subaqueous mass flow, submarine fans and turbidity-current deposition.

The age of the Squantum is bracketed between
c.
595 and 570 Ma, and is correlated by some to the glaciogenic diamictite succession of the Gaskiers Formation (eastern Newfoundland) as part of the putative global Gaskiers Glaciation
c.
582–585 Ma. However, the Squantum Member consists of diamictite, graded sandstone and siltstone units, and fine-grained laminated argillite/mudstone units typical of debris flow and turbidite facies that accumulate in a submarine setting. A glacial influence is not readily identified and revolves around early interpretations of the diamictite as being ‘till-like’, the presence of laminated horizons that resemble glaciolacustrine ‘varvites’ and the disputed recognition of ice-rafted dropstones. There are no associated carbonates and, consequently, no geochemical data are available in connection with the Squantum Member.
Chapter 46 The Serra Azul Formation, Paraguay Belt, Brazil
Authors: Figueiredo Milene F. , Babinski Marly , Alvarenga Carlos J. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

A new succession of diamictites and siltstones has been found within the Araras Group and is interpreted to record Ediacaran glaciation in the northern Paraguay Belt, Brazil. This discontinuous stratigraphic unit, named the Serra Azul Formation (Fm.) (

Figueiredo
et al.
2005

;

Alvarenga
et al.
2007

), is up to 300 m thick. It lies above dolomites of the Nobres Fm. and below sandstones of the Raizama Fm. At the stratotype section, the Serra Azul Fm. comprises
c.
70 m of massive glacial diamictites, overlain by 200 m of laminated siltstones and rhythmites that contain sparse intercalations of very fine sandstone lenses.
Chapter 49 The Neoproterozoic Macaúbas Group, Araçuaí orogen, SE Brazil
Authors: Pedrosa-Soares A. C. , Babinski Marly , Noce Carlos , Martins Maximiliano , Queiroga Gláucia , Vilela Francisco 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The Neoproterozoic Macaúbas Group records accumulation in the precursor basin of the Araçuaí orogen, located on the eastern margin of the São Francisco craton (SE Brazil). The Macaúbas basin evolved from a late Tonian continental rift to a passive margin that lasted at least until
c.
660 Ma. It was orogenically inverted during the late Neoproterozoic Brasiliano event. The Macaúbas Group includes the pre-glacial Matão, Duas Barras and Rio Peixe Bravo formations, the glaciogenic Serra do Catuni, Nova Aurora and Lower Chapada Acauã formations, and the post-glacial Upper Chapada Acauã and Ribeirão da Folha formations. In the central sector of the Araçuaí orogen, the oldest glaciogenic unit of the group, the Serra do Catuni Formation, overlies the sandstone-conglomerate package of the Duas Barras Formation. The Serra do Catuni Formation consists of massive diamictite with minor sandstone and rare pelite, deposited mostly in a proximal glaciomarine environment. This unit passes upward and eastward into the Lower Chapada Acauã Formation, a thick succession of stratified diamictite, graded sandstone, pelite, transitional basalt and rare carbonate. This distal glaciomarine unit is covered by the diamictite-free Upper Chapada Acauã Formation, which passes eastward into the Ribeirão da Folha Formation, which includes fine-grained turbidite, pelite and ocean-floor rocks. In the northern sector of the Araçuaí orogen, the sandstone-pelite succession of the pre-glacial Rio Peixe Bravo Formation is covered by the Nova Aurora Formation, the glaciomarine unit rich in diamictite and Fe-rich diamictite, with minor graded sandstone and rare pelite. The Nova Aurora Formation is covered by the sandstone-pelite package of the Upper Chapada Acauã Formation. The pre-glacial and glaciogenic successions record the continental rift to transitional stages of the Macaúbas basin. The post-glacial succession represents proximal and distal passive margin to ocean floor environments. The Serra do Catuni Formation seems to be a proximal glaciomarine equivalent of the Jequitaí glacio-terrestrial deposits located on the São Francisco craton.
Chapter 50 Moema laminites: a newly recognized Neoproterozoic (?) glaciogenic unit, São Francisco Basin, Brazil
Authors: Rocha-Campos Antonio C. , Neves Benjamin B. de Brito , Babinski Marly , Santos Paulo R. dos , Oliveira Sônia M.B. de , Romano A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A recently identified diamictite and silt-clay laminite, which discordantly overlie the Archaean basement and underlie the Neoproterozoic Bambui Group, have been informally named as the Moema Laminites. They are preserved at the southwestern margin of the São Francisco Basin in southeastern Brazil, and are widely distributed in the central-western Minas Gerais state. They crop out discontinuously over at least 140 km along a north–south direction. The nomenclature of and stratigraphic relationships between the Moema Laminites and other isolated Neoproterozic occurrences of similar rocks are in a state of flux. Two exceptionally good exposures of the Moema Laminites show good evidence for deposition under glacial conditions. At the Formiga locality, a single glacial advance is registered by a deformation tillite, while overlying laminite records deposition in a post-glacial, probably marine basin following deglaciation. At the SAFFRAN quarry, striations on a bedding plane may have been caused by floating sea-ice that just touched the bottom of the basin. Much additional work is needed to establish relationships between the Moema Laminites and other similar occurrences. If these and Moema Laminites are shown to be Cryogenian glacial deposits, the area covered by the Cryogenian glaciations in the São Francisco basin is much larger than formerly believed.
Chapter 57 Glaciogenic rocks of the Neoproterozoic Smalfjord and Mortensnes formations, Vestertana Group, E. Finnmark, Norway
Authors: Rice A. Hugh N. , Edwards Marc B. , Hansen Tor A. , Arnaud Emmanuelle , Halverson Galen P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The Vestertana Group in East Finnmark, North Norway, contains two Neoproterozoic glaciogenic sequences, the Smalfjord and Mortensnes formations, preserved on the northern edge of Baltica. The former comprises up to 420 m of aeolian, fluvioglacial and glaciomarine sediments and terrestrial diamictite. The latter consists of up to 50 m of predominantly diamictite. The Smalfjord Formation (Fm.) is underlain by dolostones (Grasdalen Fm., Tanafjorden Group), only locally preserved due to the sub-Smalfjord Fm. unconformity, which cuts down-section through a
c.
2.5 km dominantly clastic sequence to rest on Baltic Shield gneisses. The two glaciogenic successions are separated by
c.
350 m of mostly clastic sediments (Nyborg Fm.), with thin dolostones at the base and towards the top. The latter are generally absent due to the sub-Mortensnes Fm. unconformity, which also cuts down southwards through the Nyborg and Smalfjord formations to the Baltic Shield. No robust isotopic age constraints are available for the succession. δ
13
C data, together with cap dolostone characteristics, offer paradigmic correlations with other areas (Smalfjord ≡ Marinoan; Mortensnes ≡ Gaskiers). A limited Ediacaran fauna, including
Aspidella
, give only broad age constraints. Palaeomagnetic data are ambiguous; some suggest Baltica lay at equatorial (15°S) to mid-latitudes (50°S) for the period 750–550 Ma, respectively, while other interpretations place it at either 30°N or S at
c.
550 Ma.
Chapter 67 Neoproterozoic glacial deposits of central Australia
Authors: Hill Andrew C. , Haines Peter W. , Grey Kathleen 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

There are two distinct stratigraphic levels of Neoproterozoic glacigenic deposits in central Australia, both Cryogenian in age, spread over an area greater than 2.5×10
6
km
2
. They were deposited in a once continuous intracratonic sag basin and are now preserved in four major structural basins: the Officer, Amadeus, Ngalia and Georgina Basins. In all four basins there are units that correlate with the (older) Sturt Tillite and equivalent glacial deposits in the Adelaide Rift Complex – the Sturt glaciation (

Preiss
et al.
2011

) – and with the (younger) Elatina Formation (Fm.) and equivalents – the Elatina glaciation (

Williams
et al.
2008

,
2011
). The clearest evidence for glacial activity is the occurrence of diamictites that contain clasts of lithologically diverse origin which are often striated, faceted and polished, and the occurrence of dropstones. Most glacial deposits were deposited in shallow marine to fluvio-lacustrine palaeoenvironments. In all basins, the Elatina glacial deposits are overlain (at least locally) by dolostone units that mark the onset of post-glacial transgression and contain unique sedimentary and geochemical features. The cap dolomite units are distinct from dolomite beds within glaciogenic sediments, and those that occur near the top of Sturt glacial units in the Amadeus (Areyonga Fm.) and eastern Officer Basins (Chambers Bluff Tillite).

None of the central Australian glacial units have direct geochronological constraints. There are, however, radiometric dates for a Sturt glacial unit in the Adelaide Rift Complex (Wilyerpa Fm.) and post-glacial shales in the Amadeus Basin (Aralka Fm.), Stuart Shelf (Tapley Hill Fm.) and Adelaide Rift Complex (Tapley Hill Fm.) that indicate a
c.
660 Ma age for the Sturt glaciation in Australia (

Kendall
et al.
2006

,
2007
;
Fanning & Link 2008
). The age of the Elatina glaciation in Australia is constrained only by the age of the Sturt glaciation and the presence of the Ediacara fauna in overlying strata of all the basins except the Ngalia Basin. Consequently, correlations have been mainly established by means of lithostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, palynology, and to a lesser extent, stromatolite biostratigraphy, mainly on the successions above and below the glacial units. Results from each of the above techniques show a remarkable consistency, and indicate that the two major Cryogenian glacial episodes are of similar age across Australia.
Chapter 69 The glacial succession of Sturtian age in South Australia: the Yudnamutana Subgroup
Authors: Preiss Wolfgang V. , Gostin Victor A. , McKirdy David M. , Ashley Paul M. , Williams George E. , Schmidt Philip W. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The record of two Neoproterozoic glaciations in South Australia has been known for about a century. The earlier glaciation, of Sturtian age, is represented by the Yudnamutana Subgroup and is characterized by widespread diamictites with both intrabasinal and extrabasinal clasts, some locally faceted and striated. Associated facies include shallow-water sandstone, bedded and laminated siltstone with lonestones and dropstones, and sedimentary ironstones (mainly ferruginous siltstone and diamictite). Proximal settings adjacent to the Curnamona Province display massive basement-derived conglomerate and gigantic basement megaclasts (up to hundreds of metres across).
Sturtian glaciogenic sediments of the Yudnamutana Subgroup unconformably overlie a variety of older rock units, including crystalline basement near basin margins and uppermost Burra Group sediments in the depocentre, and were deposited both in shallow marine shelf environments and in tectonically active rift basins encircling the Curnamona Province, with corresponding increases in total thickness from 100–300 m to more than 5 km.

Recent U–Pb zircon SHRIMP dating of a thin volcaniclastic layer indicates that the waning stages of the Sturtian glaciation occurred at
c.
660 Ma. Unlike the deposits of the younger Elatina glaciation, the Yudnamutana Subgroup has so far not yielded reliable palaeomagnetic data.
Toward Real-Time Daily PQPF by an Analog Sorting Approach: Application to Flash-Flood Catchments
Authors: Marty Renaud , Zin Isabella , Obled Charles , Bontron Guillaume , Djerboua Abdelatif 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHeavy-rainfall events are common in southern France and frequently result in devastating flash floods. Thus, an appropriate anticipation of future rainfall is required: for early flood warning, at least 12–24 h in advance; for alerting operational services, at least 2–3 days ahead. Precipitation forecasts are generally provided by numerical weather prediction models (NWP), and their associated uncertainty is generally estimated through an ensemble approach. Precipitation forecasts also have to be adapted to hydrological scales. This study describes an alternative approach to commonly used limited-area models. Probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) are provided through an analog sorting technique, which directly links synoptic-scale NWP output to catchment-scale rainfall probability distributions. One issue concerns the latest developments in implementing a daily version of this technique into operational conditions. It is shown that the obtained PQPFs depend on the meteorological forecasts used for selecting analogous days and that the method has to be reoptimized when changing the source of synoptic forecasts, because of the NWP output uncertainties. Second, an evaluation of the PQPFs demonstrates that the analog technique performs well for early warning of heavy-rainfall events and provides useful information as potential input to a hydrological ensemble prediction system. It is shown that the obtained daily rainfall distributions can be unreliable. A statistical correction of the observed bias is proposed as a function of the no-rain frequency values, leading to a significant improvement in PQPF sharpness.
Neonatal screening for severe primary immunodeficiency diseases using high-throughput triplex real-time PCR
Authors: Borte Stephan , von Döbeln Ulrika , Fasth Anders , Wang Ning , Janzi Magdalena , Winiarski Jacek , Sack Ulrich , Pan-Hammarström Qiang , Borte Michael , Hammarström Lennart 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) are inborn errors of immune function that require prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent life-threatening infections. The lack of functional T or B lymphocytes in these diseases serves as a diagnostic criterion and can be applied to neonatal screening. A robust triplex PCR method for quantitation of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and κ-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs), using a single Guthrie card punch, was developed and validated in a cohort of 2560 anonymized newborn screening cards and in 49 original stored Guthrie cards from patients diagnosed with SCID, XLA, ataxia-telangiectasia, Nijmegen-breakage-syndrome, common variable immunodeficiency, immunoglobulin A deficiency, or X-linked hyper-IgMsyndrome. Simultaneous measurement of TREC and KREC copy numbers in Guthrie card samples readily identified patients with SCID, XLA, ataxia-telangiectasia and Nijmegen-breakage-syndrome and thus facilitates effective newborn screening for severe immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by the absence of T or B cells.
Network-based functional enrichment
Authors: Poirel Christopher L , Owens Clifford C , Murali T M 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Many methods have been developed to infer and reason about molecular interaction networks. These approaches often yield networks with hundreds or thousands of nodes and up to an order of magnitude more edges. It is often desirable to summarize the biological information in such networks. A very common approach is to use gene function enrichment analysis for this task. A major drawback of this method is that it ignores information about the edges in the network being analyzed, i.e., it treats the network simply as a set of genes. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for functional enrichment that explicitly takes network interactions into account.

Results
Our approach naturally generalizes Fisher’s exact test, a gene set-based technique. Given a function of interest, we compute the subgraph of the network induced by genes annotated to this function. We use the sequence of sizes of the connected components of this sub-network to estimate its connectivity. We estimate the statistical significance of the connectivity empirically by a permutation test. We present three applications of our method: i) determine which functions are enriched in a given network, ii) given a network and an interesting sub-network of genes within that network, determine which functions are enriched in the sub-network, and iii) given two networks, determine the functions for which the connectivity improves when we merge the second network into the first. Through these applications, we show that our approach is a natural alternative to network clustering algorithms.

Conclusions
We presented a novel approach to functional enrichment that takes into account the pairwise relationships among genes annotated by a particular function. Each of the three applications discovers highly relevant functions. We used our methods to study biological data from three different organisms. Our results demonstrate the wide applicability of our methods. Our algorithms are implemented in C++ and are freely available under the GNU General Public License at our supplementary website. Additionally, all our input data and results are available at http://bioinformatics.cs.vt.edu/~murali/supplements/2011-incob-nbe/.