bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of negatively and positively charged thin‐film nanocomposite membranes for boron removal
Authors: Poh Lee Wei , Hasnol Nurul Hazirah , Saufi Syed M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for boron has resulted in its contamination of water supplies. Nanofiltration membranes, particularly thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes, have shown promise in removing contaminants. This study evaluated the boron removal capabilities of negatively and positively charged TFN membranes alongside a control thin‐film composite (TFC) membrane without nanoparticles. Piperazine (PIP, for negatively charged membrane) or polyethyleneimine (PEI, for positively charged membrane) aqueous monomer was reacted with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in n‐hexane solution via interfacial polymerization (IP) on the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane substrate to form the TFC membrane. During the TFN membrane preparation, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and sulfocalix[4]arene (SCA4) were introduced as active nanoparticles to the aqueous monomer. Boron removal performance was evaluated using a 10 ppm aqueous boron solution. The PES substrate gave the highest water flux, which was 307.80 LMH. For the TFC membrane, TFC–PIP had a higher water flux at 113.71 LMH than TFC–PEI. Furthermore, the TFN membranes containing the PEI monomer had a lower water flux than those containing the PIP monomer. These findings highlight the potential of TFN membranes, particularly those incorporating nanoparticles, for effective boron removal. Further research and optimization of TFN membranes can contribute to addressing the challenge of boron contamination in water supplies.
Cell adhesion behavior of poly(l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐poly(1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one) random multiblock copolymers
Authors: Jikei Mitsutoshi , Xoan Vu Thi , Tanaka Nozomi , Matsumoto Kazuya , Honda Haruka , Hikida Masaki , Ueki Shigeharu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough bioabsorbable polymers are promising implant materials, implanting hydrophobic polymers induces platelet adhesions and subsequent thrombus formation. We recently reported that a multiblock copolymer composed of poly(l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one) (PDXO) exhibited antiplatelet adhesive behavior. In this study, the cell adhesion behaviors of PLGA and PDXO random multiblock copolymers (PLGA−PDXO RMBCs) were examined. All the RMBCs showed antiplatelet adhesion behavior, and the copolymers containing 40 or 51 mol% of the PDXO component showed good antiplatelet adhesive behavior. Good culture behavior was observed for HeLa cells, but human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation was poor on PLGA−PDXO RMBC surfaces. The cell attachment inhibition studies revealed that both integrin‐dependent and integrin‐independent interactions worked for HeLa cell culture, whereas only integrin‐dependent interactions played an important role for HUVEC culture proliferation on copolymer surfaces. The findings of this study revealed the unique cell‐selective adhesion behavior of PDXO containing multiblock polymers—being nonadhesive to platelets and HUVECs, and adhesive to HeLa cells.
Flexible Bayesian reliability demonstration testing
Authors: Bernburg Hugalf , Elster Clemens , Klauenberg Katy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim is to demonstrate the reliability of a population at consecutive points in time, where a sample at each current point must prove that at least 100% of the devices function until the next point with a probability of at least . To test the reliability of the population, we flexibilise standard lifetime models by allowing the unknown parameter(s) of the corresponding counting process to vary in time. At the same time, we assign a prior distribution that assumes the parameters to be constant within a certain interval. This flexibilisation has several advantages: it can be applied for all parametric lifetimes; its Markov property allows the efficient derivation of the number of defective devices, even for a large number of testing times; and the inference is less certain and hence more realistic and leads to less frequent acceptance of poor quality populations. On the other hand, the inference is stabilised by the informative prior. Based on the flexibilisation of the homogeneous Poisson process (HPP), we derive acceptance sampling plans to test the future reliability of a population. Applying the zero failure sampling plans on simulations of Weibull processes shows their good frequentist properties and their robustness. In the case of utility meters subject to German regulations (Mess‐ und Eichverordnung (MessEV). 2014: 2010–2073.), application of the derived sequential sampling plans when the conditions of these plans are met can lead to an extension of the verification validity period. These sampling plans protect the consumer better than those from an HPP and are still cost efficient.
Understanding the Relation between Short Birth Spacing and Child Maltreatment: Are Associations Due to Parental History of Childhood Abuse and Neglect?
Authors: Rybińska‐Campbell Anna , Goodman W. Benjamin , Dodge Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExisting literature documents connections between short birth spacing (birth‐to‐conception interval of under 18 months) and the risk of child maltreatment, but explanations for this relation are understudied. We hypothesise that short birth spacing predicts child maltreatment, and it mediates the association between maternal history of childhood maltreatment and their child's risk of abuse and neglect. We use data for second and higher parity children from the Prospective Study of Infant Development (n = 335) and fit logistic regression models with relevant covariates to examine the association between maternal history of childhood maltreatment, her offspring's short birth spacing and her offspring's child maltreatment (CM) as measured by Child Protective Services (CPS) assessments. Findings demonstrate that children of mothers who reported experiencing any abuse or neglect during childhood have a higher likelihood of being born shortly spaced and a higher likelihood of CM. Additionally, short birth spacing is associated with increased likelihood of CM. No evidence for mediation from maternal history of maltreatment to CM operating through short birth spacing was detected. We conclude that maternal history of childhood maltreatment and short birth spacing are independent, additive factors for CM risk.
Eucalyptus Essential Oil Based Nanoemulsions: Preparation and Biological Activities
Authors: Rehman Rafia , Hussain Muzammal , Muzaffar Rabeea , Bano Afsar , Ahmed Marghoob , Sadia Haleema 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEucalyptus essential oil has remarkable industrial importance and biological properties due to its effectiveness against various diseases, reported throughout human history. Despite the extraordinary bioactivities of essential oil, its applications are limited due to volatility, insolubility in water, and less stability. Formulation of nanoemulsion is the best way to enhance the bio‐efficacy of this essential oil and eliminate the factors responsible for limited application. This review article compiles the information regarding formulation of Eucalyptus essential oil‐based nanoemulsion and their several biological activities and medicinal properties including antibacterial, antifungal, larvicidal, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities etc. The bio‐efficacy of essential oil‐based nanoemulsion has also been found to be enhanced as compared utilization of essential oil alone. This review can be beneficial for researchers working on medicinal plant‐based natural products, specifically containing Eucalyptus essential oil, to explore new research horizons in this emerging field.
Novel Insecticidal Butenolide‐Containing Methylxanthine Derivatives: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Biological Activity Evaluation, DFT Calculation and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wang Lei , Fan Wenqi , Yang Na , Xiong Lixia , Wang Baolei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe design of novel agrochemicals starting from bioactive natural products is one of the most effective ways in the discovery and development of new pesticidal agents. In this paper, a series of novel butenolide‐containing methylxanthine derivatives (Ia‐Ir) were designed based on natural methylxanthine caffeine and stemofoline, and the derivatized insecticide flupyradifurone of the latter. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed via 1H‐NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and X‐ray single crystal diffraction analyses. The biological activities of the compounds were evaluated against a variety of agricultural pests including oriental armyworm, bean aphid, diamondback moth, fall armyworm, cotton bollworm, and corn borer; the results indicated that some of them have favorable insecticidal potentials, particularly toward diamondback moth. Among others, Ic and Iq against diamondback moth possessed LC50 values of 6.187 mg ⋅ L−1 and 3.269 mg ⋅ L−1, respectively, – 2.5‐ and 4.8‐fold of relative insecticidal activity respectively to that of flupyradifurone (LC50=15.743 mg ⋅ L−1). Additionally, both the DFT theoretical calculation and molecular docking with acetylcholine binding protein were conducted for the highly bioactive compound (Ic). Ic and Iq derived from the integration of caffeine (natural methylxanthine) and butenolide motifs can serve as novel leading insecticidal compounds for further optimization.
Protein Engineering of Lipase A from Candida Antarctica to Improve Esterification of Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Wagner Karla , Hummel Anke , Yang Jianing , Horino Satoshi , Kanomata Kyohei , Akai Shuji , Gröger Harald 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChiral tertiary alcohols are important organic compounds in science as well as in industry. However, their preparation in enantiomerically pure form is still a challenge due to their complex structure and steric hindrances compared with primary and secondary alcohols, so kinetic resolution could be an attractive approach. Lipase A from Candida antarctica (CAL−A) has been shown to catalyze the enantioselective esterification of various tertiary alcohols with excellent enantioselectivity but low activity. Here we report a mutagenesis study by rational design to improve CAL−A activity against tertiary alcohols. Single mutants of CAL−A were selected, expressed, immobilized and screened for esterification of the tertiary alcohol 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalen‐1‐ol. A double mutant V278S+S429G showed a 1.5‐fold higher reaction rate than that of the wild type CAL−A, while maintaining excellent enantioselectivity.
Adverse reactions caused by high serum concentration of linezolid: Two case reports and literature review
Authors: Liu Renzhu , Xiao Lu , Xiao Can , Li Wencan , Liu Xiang 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageLinezolid is a potent oxazolidinone for the treatment of various gram‐positive bacterial infections. However, the drug can cause potential adverse reactions such as thrombocytopenia, hyperlactacidemia and serotonin syndrome, which warrant consideration by the medical team when planning treatment. The existing literature has reported some adverse reactions caused by linezolid, but most of these are based on clinical characteristics and simple treatment measures. Two cases of linezolid overdose resulting in thrombocytopenia, hyperlactacidemia and serotonin syndrome are presented, which were successfully managed with therapeutic drug monitoring. A dose adjustment strategy was adopted to safely and effectively mitigate linezolid‐related adverse events.
Primary pulmonary monophasic synovial sarcoma initially presenting with bloody pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yin Tengcheng , Liu Bing , Xue Jinru , Liu Xiyu , Shang Shengtao , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessagePrimary pulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) can originate from blood vessels of the bronchial wall, lung interstitium, and interstitial components, and accounts for 0.1%–0.5% of all primary lung malignancies, the most common symptoms are chest pain, cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis.AbstractSynovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare malignant tumor of stromal origin, which accounts for approximately 8%–10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) can originate from blood vessels of the bronchial wall, lung interstitium, and interstitial components, and accounts for 0.1%–0.5% of all primary lung malignancies. Patient concerns: We report the first case of a 57‐year‐old man with bloody pleural effusion as an initial manifestation of PPSS in the middle lobe of the right lung diagnosed after surgery. Diagnosis: Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass in the middle lobe of the right lung, which was pathologically diagnosed as a monophasic SS after surgical resection. Interventions: Ten days after preoperative closed chest drainage, a right thoracotomy was performed to remove the right middle lobe of the lung. Outcomes: The patient recovered smoothly and was discharged from the hospital without any other postoperative treatment. A follow‐up chest CT scan 7 months postoperatively revealed intrapulmonary recurrence with multiple metastases. Lessons: Monophasic PPSS of the lung may present with bloody pleural effusion as its first manifestation.
The Geometric and Electronic Effects of Ceria on Promoting PdZn catalyst for Enhanced Acetylene Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Chen Huan , Yang Bing , Zhang Yafeng , Che Chunxia , Zhang Feng , Han Wei , Wen He , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPdZn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) have been extensively reported for acetylene semi‐hydrogenation due to unique geometric and electronic structure of isolated Pd sites. However, to achieve high ethylene selectivity at high conversion remains challenging. Here we show the promotional role of ceria in modifying the geometric and electronic structure of PdZn IMCs towards enhanced catalytic performance for acetylene semi‐hydrogenation. The Ce (0.1 wt%) promoted Pd−Zn‐Al catalyst shows by far the best catalytic performance among other Pd based catalysts in literature, maintaining high selectivity (>95 %) and excellent stability (~130 h) at high acetylene conversion (~90 %). Using in situ spectroscopic techniques, the geometric and electronic effects of CeOx promotor were clearly elucidated. At low Ce content, the presence of highly dispersed Ce3+ species in the periphery of PdZn alloys enhanced electronic metal‐oxide interaction, resulting in electron‐rich Pd sites that promote hydrogen dissociation and ethylene desorption, and account for the outstanding catalytic performance. At high Ce content, the formation of bulk‐phase CeO2 suppressed the PdHx formation during PdZn alloying and led to phase separation yielding highly dispersed Pd ensembles, consequently lowering ethylene selectivity. Our results provide a new route for the design of PdZn catalyst by applying rare earth promoters towards high‐performance acetylene semi‐hydrogenation.
Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of Biorenewable δ‐Caprolactone with trans‐Hexahydro‐(4,5)‐benzofuranone toward Closed‐Loop Recyclable Copolyesters and Their Application as Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesives†
Authors: Niu Haining , Wang Liying , Zhang Zihan , Liu Yalei , Shen Yong , Li Zhibo 
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive SummaryCopolymerization as an efficient strategy can provide an opportunity to create new closed‐loop recyclable polymeric materials with tailored properties that are generally inaccessible to the individual homopolymers. In this contribution, the bulk ring‐opening copolymerization of bio‐renewable δ‐caprolactone and trans‐hexahydro‐(4,5)‐benzofuranone was achieved to produce closed‐loop recyclable copolyesters by using an organobase/urea binary catalyst at room temperature. The obtained copolyesters exhibited composition‐dependent thermal properties. Remarkably, the obtained copolyesters were able to depolymerize back to recover the corresponding monomers under mild conditions. The copolyesters with suitable compositions can be directly used as pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) that possessed comparable peel strength with the commercially available PSA scotch tapes. When the copolyesters were mixed with plasticizers, the as‐prepared PSAs exhibited desirable adhesive failure and can be used as removable post‐it note.
Magnetic Bistability in the Crystaline Fullerene Radical Salt
Authors: Ruan Huapeng , Li Ke , Sun Quanchun , Liu Min , Feng Zhongtao , Dong Xue , Zhao Yue , Wang Xinping 
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive SummaryCompounds with magnetic bistability is highly attractive for the construction of switches, thermal sensors, information‐storage media and memory devices. Herein, we report a crystalline fullerene radical anion salt [Na(THF)5]C60 (1), obtained by the reduction of C60 with Na in solution, which exhibits magnetic bistability accompanied with one magnetostructural transition, giving low temperature (LT), high temperature (HT) phases and a metastable phase. Fullerene radical anions (C60•‐) in the structure were found arranged into a three‐dimensional close‐packed honeycomb subnetwork with hollow channels occupied by complex cations [Na(THF)5]+ as spacers. The magnetic bistability is attributed to structural transitions as the LT−IT phase transition was associated with the orientational disorder of fullerene anions and the distortion of the complex cations [Na(THF)5]+ in the 3D packing of fullerene anions.
Inhomogeneous turbulence for the Wick Nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Hani Zaher , Shatah Jalal , Zhu Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe introduce a simplified model for wave turbulence theory—the Wick nonlinear Schrödinger equation, of which the main feature is the absence of all self‐interactions in the correlation expansions of its solutions. For this model, we derive several wave kinetic equations that govern the effective statistical behavior of its solutions in various regimes. In the homogeneous setting, where the initial correlation is translation invariant, we obtain a wave kinetic equation similar to the one predicted by the formal theory. In the inhomogeneous setting, we obtain a wave kinetic equation that describes the statistical behavior of the wavepackets of the solutions, accounting for both the transport of wavepackets and collisions among them. Another wave kinetic equation, which seems new in the literature, also appears in a certain scaling regime of this setting and provides a more refined collision picture.
A case of fine‐needle aspiration of a neck mass with atypical squamous cells and macrophages
Authors: Zilla Megan L. , Lajara Sigfred 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHead and neck lesions often undergo fine‐needle aspiration to determine the appropriate management and therapeutic decisions. However, there are numerous diagnostic challenges encountered with these specimens, particularly, if atypical squamous cells are identified. Here, we present a case of an enlarging right neck mass in a 38‐year‐old female and discuss the diagnostic difficulties and potential pitfalls. Additionally, we review the approach to diagnosis, including differential diagnostic considerations as well as available ancillary testing.
Parotid squamous cell carcinoma metastases: Application of human papillomavirus‐DNA test on liquid‐based cytology to recognize oropharyngeal origin of the neoplasm
Authors: Montella Marco , Ruggiero Raffaella , Savarese Giovanni , Colella Giuseppe , Ronchi Andrea , Franco Renato , Cozzolino Immacolata 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMalignancies of the parotid gland are relatively uncommon and in most cases are primary neoplasms; intraparotid metastases are rare. Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (O‐ and OP‐SCC) can potentially metastasize to the parotid gland or intraparotid lymph nodes. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) serves as the initial diagnostic approach for this purpose. HPV status in FNAC specimens is relevant and can guide the diagnostic workup, indicating a potential oropharyngeal origin of the primary tumor. A small series of occult SCC metastases is presented below, in which HPV‐DNA testing of FNAC specimens helped identify primary neoplasms located in the oropharynx. US‐guided FNAC of parotid nodules was conducted by an experienced interventional cytopathologist in three cases. Each patient underwent assessment of direct smears, cell blocks, and liquid‐based samples for HPV testing. The morphological and immunocytochemical features of SCC were documented, and real‐time PCR was employed for the detection and genotyping of HPV. The role of HPV testing on FNAC specimens in pinpointing the primary neoplasms in the oropharynx is highlighted. Consequently, FNAC samples emerge as valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools in this context, providing essential insights for patient management.
Construction of Spin Crossover‐Fluorescent Bifunctional Cyclic Chain‐Like Fe(II) Compounds from Carbazole Ligands
Authors: Zhou Jing‐Hui , Chen Yu‐Xiao , Liu Zhi‐Kun , Hu Jie‐Sheng , Wang Lu‐Yao , Zhao Yu‐Meng , Yue Ling‐Tai , Yu Meng , Tao Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of fluorescent properties into spin‐crossover (SCO) materials, aiming at controlling fluorescence via spin‐state transitions for applications in magneto‐optical switching and information processing, represents an appealing research direction. In this study, we prepared two examples of one‐dimensional cyclic chain‐like Fe(II) coordination polymers, denoted as [Fe(DPPC)2(NCS)2]⋅CH3OH⋅o‐C6H4Cl2 (1, DPPC=3,6‐di‐4‐pyridinyl‐9‐[4‐(4‐pyridinyl)phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole) and [Fe(PDPC)2(NCS)2] (2, PDPC=3,6‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazole). Analyses through single‐crystal X‐ray studies and magnetic measurements validate the two‐step SCO behavior of 1 within the temperature range of 50~200 K. Additionally, when combined with temperature‐dependent fluorescence emission spectroscopy, the results demonstrate the coexistence of SCO and fluorescence in 1.
Optimized tuberculosis classification system for chest X‐ray images: Fusing hyperparameter tuning with transfer learning approaches
Authors: Wajgi Rakhi , Yenurkar Ganesh , Nyangaresi Vincent O. , Wanjari Badal , Verma Sanjana , Deshmukh Arya , Mallewar Somesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdvanced diagnostic methods are necessary for the prompt and reliable identification of tuberculosis (TB), which continues to be a worldwide health problem. Globally, there were projected to be 10 million new cases of tuberculosis in 2021, of which 9.8 million affected adults and 0.2 million children. About 15% of fatalities worldwide are attributable to tuberculosis (1.5 million deaths for every 10 million infections). To create a reliable model for tuberculosis (TB) identification using chest X‐ray pictures, we use deep learning approaches in this work, namely Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and a combination of transfer learning and hyperparameter tuning. The dataset provides a varied selection of 3500 normal and 700 TB‐infected patients. It consists of 4200 photos that were obtained from the “Tuberculosis (TB) Chest X‐ray Database” on Kaggle. By utilizing the benefits of a trained model, the suggested methodological approach incorporates transfer learning. To maximize the performance of the suggested model, hyperparameter adjustment is also used. Using the VGG19 pre‐trained neural network, the model design is based on the concepts of transfer learning. The architecture makes use of task‐specific layers, regularization methods, and deliberate layer freezing to enable sophisticated categorization. Training and assessment stages demonstrate encouraging outcomes, with an accuracy of almost 98% attained on a different test dataset. A more thorough examination highlights the need for caution when interpreting high accuracy, nevertheless, by highlighting possible difficulties.