bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with acromegaly: an interim single-centre audit
Authors: Roug S , Rasmussen Å K , Juhler M , Kosteljanetz M , Poulsgaard L , Heebøll H , Roed H , Feldt-Rasmussen U 
Published: February 2010

AimTo evaluate the effect of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) in acromegaly in a retrospective analysis.Patients and methodsThirty-four patients (17 females, median 43 years (range 30–74)) with acromegaly were treated with FSRT (conformal dynamic arcing, dose 54 Gy, 27–30 fractions) between January 1998 and April 2007. Of the 34 patients, 32 had undergone transsphenoidal adenotomy, and 28 were on medical therapy before FSRT. Patients on medical therapy continued this during and after the irradiation. The treatment was gradually decreased/withdrawn after careful assessment.ResultsMagnetic resonance scanning of the pituitary gland 34 months (median, range 11–95) after irradiation showed stable or reduced volume of the remaining tumour tissue in 31 of 34 patients (91%). Seventeen patients (50%) were biochemically controlled (normalised nadir GH during oral glucose tolerance test and IGF1 <+2s.d.) 30 months after FSRT (median, range 6–60), and ten of them had true biochemical remission (off medical therapy) 30 months after FSRT (median, range 12–69). Of 28 patients with one or more functioning pituitary axes before irradiation, 8 (29%) developed further deficit of one or two pituitary axes 48 months (median, range 6–102) after FSRT. Of 34 patients, 20 still required medical treatment for acromegaly at the end of this study, mainly those with a short follow-up period after irradiation.ConclusionThe FSRT seems promising in terms of treatment of acromegaly. Longer follow-up is, however, needed to assess the overall efficacy and safety of FSRT for acromegaly.
Predicting Response to EGFR Inhibitors in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Current Practice and Future Directions
Authors: Shankaran Veena , Obel Jennifer , Benson Al B. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The identification of KRAS mutational status as a predictive marker of response to antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been one of the most significant and practice-changing recent advances in colorectal cancer research. Recently, data suggesting a potential role for other markers (including BRAF mutations, loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten expression, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase–AKT pathway mutations) in predicting response to anti-EGFR therapy have emerged. Ongoing clinical trials and correlative analyses are essential to definitively identify predictive markers and develop therapeutic strategies for patients who may not derive benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. This article reviews recent clinical trials supporting the predictive role of KRAS, recent changes to clinical guidelines and pharmaceutical labeling, investigational predictive molecular markers, and newer clinical trials targeting patients with mutated KRAS.
Attentional Demands and Postural Control in Athletes With and Without Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Rahnama Leila , Salavati Mahyar , Akhbari Behnam , Mazaheri Masood 
Published: February 2010

Study Design Case-control study. Objective To compare the effect of dual-tasking on postural and cognitive performance between subjects with functional ankle instability (FAI) and a matched control group without FAI. Background Deficit and expertise in sensorimotor functions have been proposed as factors that can modify the interference between postural control and cognition. To the authors' knowledge, no study has investigated the posture-cognition interaction in individuals with recurrent ankle sprain, an orthopaedic condition with documented sensorimotor deficits. Methods Single-limb postural stability was assessed in 15 recreational athletes with FAI and 15 matched healthy athletes without FAI. Each athlete stood on a Biodex Stability System at platform stabilities of 7 and 5, while they performed or did not perform a digits-backward cognitive task. Overall stability index (OSI), anteroposterior stability index (APSI), and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) were used as measures of postural performance. Results At stability level 5, the individuals in the FAI group had poorer postural stability compared to those in the group without FAI (OSI, P<.01; MLSI, P<.01). A significant increase in OSI (P<.01) and MLSI (P = .02) was also demonstrated by the individuals in the FAI group during dual-task performance compared to the single-task performance. Conclusion Subjects with FAI demonstrated poorer postural stability when tested at level 5 on the Biodex Stability System, but not at level 7. Also, the results indicate that concurrent performance of a cognitive task decreased postural stability in the subjects with FAI, suggesting an increased dependency on attentional demands for maintenance of balance in that group. Such findings highlight the need for the assessment of postural control in patients with ankle sprain to include cognitive loading. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(3):180–187. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3188
Tumor control after surgery and radiotherapy for pineocytoma
Authors: Clark Aaron J. , Ivan Michael E. , Sughrue Michael E. , Yang Isaac , Aranda Derick , Han Seunggu J. , Kane Ari J. , Parsa Andrew T. 
Published: February 2010

Object
Pineocytoma is a rare tumor, and the current literature on these tumors is primarily composed of case reports and small case series. Thus, recommendations on appropriate treatment of these tumors are highly varied. Therefore, the authors performed a systematic review of the literature on tumor control after surgery for pineocytoma to determine the relative benefits of aggressive resection and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy.

Methods
A comprehensive search of the published English-language literature was performed to identify studies citing outcome data of patients undergoing surgery for pineocytoma. Determination of rates of progression-free survival (PFS) was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results
Sixty-four articles met the criteria of the established search protocol, which combined for a total of 166 patients. Twenty-one percent of these patients had undergone a biopsy procedure, 38% had undergone subtotal resection (STR), 42% had undergone gross-total resection, and 28% were treated with radiation therapy. The 1- and 5-year PFS rates for the resection group versus the biopsy group were 97 and 90% (1 year), and 89 and 75% (5 years), respectively (p < 0.05, log-rank test). The 1- and 5-year PFS rates for the GTR group versus the group undergoing STR combined with radiation therapy were 100 and 94% (1 year), and 100 and 84% (5 years), respectively (p < 0.05, log-rank test). There was no significant difference in PFS for STR only compared with STR in addition to radiation therapy.

Conclusions
Gross-total resection is the ideal treatment for pineocytoma and might represent a cure for these lesions. When gross-total resection is not possible, adjuvant radiation therapy after STR is of questionable benefit for these patients.
Onyx embolization of a carotid cavernous fistula via direct transorbital puncture
Authors: Elhammady Mohamed Samy , Peterson Eric C. , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad Ali 
Published: February 2010

The treatment of indirect carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) is challenging and primarily accomplished by endovascular means utilizing a variety of embolic agents. Transvenous access to the cavernous sinus is the preferred method of embolizaiton of indirect CCFs as they are frequently associated with numerous small-caliber meningeal branches. Although the inferior petrosal sinus is the simplest, shortest, and most commonly used venous route to the cavernous sinus, the superior ophthalmic vein, superior petrosal sinus, basilar plexus, and pterygoid plexus present other endovenous options. Occasionally, however, use of these venous routes may not be possible due to vessel tortuosity or sinus thrombosis and occlusion.
The authors report a case of an indirect CCF that could not be treated endovascularly due to inability to access the cavernous sinus via a transfemoral transvenous approach. Angiography revealed a small, deeply located superior ophthalmic vein that was thought to be suboptimal for a direct cutdown. The cavernous sinus was cannulated directly via a transorbital approach using fluoroscopic guidance with a 3D skull reconstruction overlay. The fistula was subsequently obliterated using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx). The technique and advantages of both 3D osseous reconstruction as well as Onyx embolization are discussed.
Long-range plasticity between intact hemispheres after contralateral cervical nerve transfer in humans
Authors: Zuo Chuan-Tao , Hua Xu-Yun , Guan Yi-Hui , Xu Wen-Dong , Xu Jian-Guang , Gu Yu-Dong 
Published: February 2010

Object
Peripheral nerve injury in a limb usually causes intrahemispheric functional reorganization of the contralateral motor cortex. Recently, evidence has been emerging for significant interhemispheric cortical plasticity in humans, mostly from studies of direct cortical damage. However, in this study, a long-range interhemispheric plasticity was demonstrated in adults with brachial plexus avulsion injury (BPAI) who had received a contralateral cervical nerve transfer, and this plasticity reversed the BPAI-induced intrahemispheric cortical reorganization.

Methods
In this study, 8 adult male patients with BPAI were studied using PET scanning.

Results
The results indicated that the right somatomotor cortices, which may contribute to the control of the injured limb before brachial plexus deafferentation, still played an important role when patients with BPAI tried to move their affected limbs, despite the fact that the contralateral C-7 nerve transfer had been performed and the peripheral output had changed dramatically. Such findings are consistent with the results of the authors' previous animal study.

Conclusions
The brain may try to restore the control of an injured limb to its original cortex area, and a complicated change of peripheral pathway also can induce long-range interhemispheric cortical reorganization in human motor cortex.
Flow patterns and velocity distributions in the human vertebrobasilar arterial system
Authors: Kobayashi Nobuaki , Karino Takeshi 
Published: February 2010

Object
The authors conducted a study to elucidate the relationship between the flow patterns and the formation of aneurysms at the bifurcation of the basilar artery (BA).

Methods
Six isolated, transparent vertebrobasilar arterial systems were prepared from humans postmortem, and flow patterns and velocity distributions were studied in detail using flow visualization and cinemicrographic techniques.

Results
The authors found that if the diameters of 2 vertebral arteries (VAs) were nearly equal and they formed a symmetrical inverted Y-shaped junction with the BA, the BA flow was also symmetrical. The fluid elements that flowed into the BA from 2 VAs traveled almost parallel to the vessel wall of the BA without mixing with each other, and then they flowed out through ipsilateral superior cerebellar and posterior cerebral arteries. In contrast to this, if the diameters of 2 VAs were very different or the BA was badly bent, the BA flow was disturbed as a result of the formation of swirling and secondary flows. The approaching velocity profile at the BA's terminal bifurcation was flattened if the inverted Y-junction was symmetrical, and it was sharpened if the junction was asymmetrical. Thus, in the latter case, fluid elements impinged on the vessel wall around the flow divider of the bifurcation with much larger velocities and, hence, larger kinetic energy, compared with the case of a symmetrical inverted Y-junction, exerting high fluid pressures, wall shear stresses, and wall tensions on the vessel wall there.

Conclusions
The symmetrical structure of the inverted Y-junction in a normal vertebrobasilar arterial system provides a flattened approaching velocity profile at the terminal bifurcation of the BA, lowering the hemodynamic stresses (pressure, tension, and shear stress) exerted on the wall of the bifurcation. This may account for the relatively low incidence of aneurysm formation at this site.
Architectural Approach to eHealth for Enabling Paradigm Changes in Health
Authors: Blobel B. 
Published: February 2010

Summary
Objectives: For improving safety and quality of care as well as efficiency of health delivery under the well-known burdens, health services become specialized, distributed, and therefore collaborative, thereby changing the health service paradigm from organization-centered over process-controlled to personal health (pHealth).
Methods: Personalized eHealth services provided independent of time and location have to be based on advanced technical paradigms of mobile, pervasive and autonomous computing, enabling ubiquitous health services. Personalized eHealth systems require a multidiscipli-nary approach including medicine, informatics, biomedical engineering, bioinformatics and the omics disciplines but also legal and regulatory affairs, administration, security, privacy and ethics, etc. Interoperability between different components of the intended system must be provided through an architecture-centric, model-driven, formalized process.
Results: In order to analyze, design, specify, implement and maintain such an interactive environment impacted by so many different domains, a formal and unified methodology for system analysis and design has been developed and deployed, based on an overall architectural framework. The paper introduces the underlying paradigms, requirements, architectural reference models, modeling and formalization principles as well as development processes for comprehensive service-oriented personalized eHealth inter-operability chains, thereby exploiting all inter-operability levels up to service interoperability. A special focus is put on ontologies and knowledge representation in the context of eHealth and pHealth solutions. Furthermore, EHR solutions, security requirements, existing and emerging standards, and educational challenges for realizing personalized pHealth are briefly discussed.
Conclusion: For personal health, bridging between disciplines including ontology coordination is the crucial demand. All aspects of the design and development process have to be considered from an architectural viewpoint.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Monoselective Halogenation of CH Bonds: Efficient Access to Halogenated Arylpyrimidines using Calcium Halides
Authors: Song Bingrui , Zheng Xiaojian , Mo Jun , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA wide variety of ortho‐halogenated arylpyrimidines were prepared with high monoselectivity and functional‐group tolerance by using calcium halides as crucial halogenating agents and cupric trifluoroacetate as oxidant in the presence of air.
Neighbor effects in marmosets: social contagion of agonism and affiliation in captive Callithrix jacchus
Authors: Watson Claire F.I. , Caldwell Christine A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractResearchers have demonstrated the neighbor effect for affiliative and agonistic neighbor vocalizations in captive chimpanzees. We extend the investigation of the neighbor effect to New World monkeys, Callithrix jacchus. We collected data on vocalizations and behaviors of 31 focal individuals and concurrent neighbor vocalization within three behavioral categories: intragroup and intergroup aggression and intragroup affiliation. We investigated whether there was an influence of neighbor vocalizations on focal behavior within the same behavioral category. For data analysis we used approximate randomization of paired‐sample t‐tests. We found that marmosets performed intergroup aggressive behavior (bristle, anogenital present for neighbor loud shrill only) for significantly longer, and emitted significantly more intergroup agonistic vocalizations (twitter, loud shrill), at a high frequency of intergroup agonistic neighbor vocalizations (twitter, loud shrill) than at low. The marmosets were also significantly more likely to engage in bristle behavior immediately after hearing a neighbor intergroup aggressive call (twitter, loud shrill) than directly beforehand. High neighbor intragroup agonistic calls (chatter) were associated with significantly longer spent in related behavior (composite of: attack, chase, steal food). Affiliative behaviors (share food, grooming invite) were engaged in by marmosets for significantly longer at higher frequencies of affiliative neighbor chirp calls than at low. Marmosets were also significantly more likely to perform food sharing and active affiliative contact immediately after rather than before hearing a neighbor chirp call. Our findings suggest that neighbor vocalizations influence marmoset behavior through social contagion and indicate that the neighbor effect for affiliation and aggression generalizes to the marmoset. Am. J. Primatol. 72:549–558, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volatile Organic Compound Abatement in Semiconductor and Solar Cell Fabrication with Respect to Resource Depletion
Authors: Schottler M. , Hottenroth H. , Schlüter B. , Schmidt M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn semiconductor and crystalline silicon solar cell fabrication, volatile organic compound (VOC) abatement is state of the art and obligatory in many countries. Thermal or catalytic oxidation is used as the preferred reduction technique in this field. Because of low concentrated exhaust gas, oxidation needs additional energy which is not to be ignored. Against the background of resource depletion, the question arises whether, from an environmental point of view, treatment is more beneficial than the direct release of emissions. The overall potential environmental impact of several scenarios has been investigated using a method based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The results show that below an exhaust concentration of 600 mg/m3 for semiconductor fabrication and below 1500 mg/m3 of nontoxic solvents for solar cell fabrication, exhaust conditioning causes a greater potential environmental impact than the direct release without any treatment.
Combined Transition‐Metal‐ and Organocatalysis: An Atom Economic C3 Homologation of Alkenes to Carbonyl and Carboxylic Compounds
Authors: Kemme Susanne T. , Šmejkal Tomáš , Breit Bernhard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA combination of regioselective room‐temperature/ambient‐pressure hydroformylation (transition‐metal catalysis) and decarboxylative Knoevenagel reactions (organocatalysis) allowed for the development of an efficient, one‐pot C3 homologation of terminal alkenes to (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated acids and esters, (E)‐β,γ‐unsaturated acids, (E)‐α‐cyano acrylic acids, and α,β‐unsaturated nitriles. All reactions proceed under mild conditions, tolerate a variety of functional groups, and furnish unsaturated carbonyl compounds in good yields and with excellent regio‐ and stereocontrol. Further, an iterative C2 homologation of (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids is possible through a combination of decarboxylative hydroformylation employing a supramolecular catalyst followed by decarboxylative Knoevenagel condensation with an organocatalyst.
Fritz Haber und Clara Immerwahr. Lernen aus der Geschichte
Authors: Wöhrle Dieter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDieser Beitrag über Fritz Haber (1868–1934) und seine erste Frau Clara Immerwahr (1870–1915) führt uns nicht nur das wechselhafte Leben dieser beiden Persönlichkeiten vor Augen, die ihr Leben voller Hoffnung begannen und in Tragik beendeten. Ihre Geschichte ist einbettet in die Zeit vom Aufbruch und dann Niedergang des Deutschen Reiches im Ersten Weltkrieg und lässt auch Wissenschaft und Industrie dieser Periode an einigen Beispielen vor uns erstehen.
Nanomaterialien zum Anfassen. Do‐it‐yourself !
Authors: Becht Saskia , Ernst Susanne , Bappert Reiner , Feldmann Claus 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAcht ausgewählte Experimente sollen Synthese, Eigenschaften, Funktion und Anwendungen von Nanomaterialien veranschaulichen und den Leser zum Do‐it‐yourself‐Experiment in Schule und Hochschule animieren. Konkret handelt es sich hierbei um: (1) Lichtstreuung von Suspensionen, (2) Opale zum Selbermachen, (3) Quanteneffekte und rotes Gold, (4) Oberflächen und Oberflächenfunktionalisierung, (5) Pyrophores Eisen, (6) Superparamagnetismus und magnetische Flüssigkeiten, (7) TiO2 und die Farbstoffsolarzelle sowie (8) Leuchtstoffe und lumineszierende Biomarker. Bewusst sind alle Experimente auf eine einfache und schnelle Durchführbarkeit ausgerichtet, auch wenn dies im Einzelnen Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Qualität der Materialeigenschaften mit sich bringt. Geweckt werden soll vor allem das Interesse an Nanowissenschaften und Nanotechnologie sowie die Neugier auf mehr.
Freilichtmuseum Hagen
Authors: Schwedt Georg 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIm Mäckingerbachtal bei Hagen in Westfalen entstand seit den 1960er Jahren das heutige Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik (Landschaftsverband Westfalen‐Lippe) als ein Museum Technischer Kulturdenkmale. In über 50 Gebäuden auf etwa 40 Hektar Fläche und an einem fast drei Kilometer langen Weg wurden Handwerks‐ und Gewerbegebäude aus dem 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert wieder aufgebaut und deren Gewerbe in Betrieb gesetzt. Mit der Chemie haben vor allem Handwerke aus den Branchen Nichteisenmetalle, Eisen und Stahl, Druck und Papier, Leder sowie Nahrung und Genussmittel zu tun, womit auch die Gliederung dieses einmaligen Freilichtmuseums in Europa angesprochen ist.
Eingekapseltes Fett‐Tröpfchen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPolyoxometallate (POM) können bemerkenswert komplexe Strukturen mit chemisch modifizierbaren Hohlräumen und Zugangsöffnungen ausbilden. Als jüngsten Gast in einer solchen POM‐Nanokapsel konnte die Arbeitsgruppe von Achim Müller an der Universität Bielefeld jetzt eine neuartige Zusammenballung von 24 Molekülen der Buttersäure begrüßen.
Bakterium weckt stille Gene beim Pilz
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn der Natur leben Mikroorganismen auf engstem Raum miteinander. Über die chemische Kommunikation über Artgrenzen hinweg ist jedoch noch nicht viel bekannt. Axel Brakhage und Christian Hertweck aus Jena untersuchten nun unter Laborbedingungen eine Kokultur zwischen Pilz und Bakterien. Dabei fanden sie ein erstaunlich enges Miteinander beider Arten vor und neue Sekundärmetaboliten beim Pilz.
Genomanalyse von Tumoren
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDie technischen Verbesserungen bei der Genomsequenzierung lassen den Preis eines einzelnen menschlichen Genoms immer tiefer fallen. Der systematische Vergleich von Krebsgenomen mit der DNA der gesunden Zellen desselben Patienten ist bereits praktikabel und dürfte schon bald die Krebsmedizin revolutionieren.
Und es gibt sie doch: Kohlensäure
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDie Kinetik der chemischen Reaktion von Kohlensäure in wässriger Lösung war bislang wenig charakterisiert. Erik Nibbering und Mitarbeiter vom Max‐Born‐Institut in Berlin haben mit israelischen Kollegen verfolgt, wie Bicarbonat in schwerem Wasser ultraschnell zur deuterierten Kohlensäure protoniert wird. Die freie Kohlensäure überdauert mehrere Nanosekunden, bevor sie wieder deprotoniert.