bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant DNA methylation of drug metabolism and transport genes in nodular goiter
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Shi Jing , Xu Li , Shi Bingyin , Hou Peng , Ji Meiju 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters play an important role in maintaining the normal life processes of human body. Their disorder or defect will lead to the occurrence and development of various diseases. Currently, most of studies have focused on genetic variations in these genes, however, in the present study, we analyzed promoter methylation of 11 drug metabolism and transport genes in a cohort of nodular goiter and normal thyroid tissues using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Our data first revealed a distinct methylation profiling in drug metabolism and transport genes between nodular goiter and normal thyroid tissues, particularly ABCB4, CYP1B1 and CYP24A1 and SLC1A2. Given these genes contribute to the development and progression of various diseases, such as multidrug resistance and tumorigenesis, these epigenetic events may thus play a critical role in the pathogenesis of nodular goiter.
Bone destruction by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand-expressing T cells in chronic gouty arthritis
Authors: Lee Sung-Ji , Nam Kwang-Il , Jin Hye-Mi , Cho Young-Nan , Lee Song-Eun , Kim Tae-Jong , Lee Shin-Seok , Kee Seung-Jung , Lee Keun-Bae , Kim Nacksung , Park Yong-Wook 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to analyze the cellular expressions of pro-resorptive cytokines in gouty tophus tissues, to determine the capacity of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals to induce these cytokines, and to understand the mechanisms of bone destruction in chronic gout.

Methods

Fourteen fixed, paraffin-embedded, uninfected tophus samples were analyzed immunohistochemically. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in vitro with MSU crystals, and gene expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In vitro osteoclastogenesis was performed using PBMCs and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs).

Results

CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells and mast cells infiltrated tophus tissues. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)+ osteoclasts were present around tophi and in osteolytic lesions. Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were produced from infiltrated mononuclear cells, whereas receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) was strongly expressed in T cells. However, osteoprotegerin (OPG) was not or was weakly expressed in tophus tissues. MSU crystals induced the expressions of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and RANKL in PBMCs, but inhibited OPG expression. In addition, the pro-resorptive cytokines were highly expressed in SFMCs of gouty arthritis patients. Furthermore, in vitro osteoclastogenesis was enhanced in SFMC cultures, but inhibited in T cell-depleted SFMC cultures.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that RANKL-expressing T cells and TRAP+ osteoclasts are present within gouty tophus tissues, and that infiltrating cells express pro-resorptive cytokines. Furthermore, our data show that MSU crystals have the potential to induce pro-resorptive cytokines, and T cells are involved in osteoclastogenesis in chronic gout.
High False-Negative Rate of HER2 Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction of the Oncotype DX Test: An Independent Quality Assurance Study
Authors: Dabbs David J. , Klein Molly E. , Mohsin Syed K. , Tubbs Raymond R. , Shuai Yongli , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: October 2011

Purpose HER2 (ERBB2) status is an important prognostic and predictive marker in breast carcinoma. In recent years, Genomic Health (GHI), purveyors of the Oncotype DX test, has been separately reporting HER2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to oncologists. Because of the lack of independent evaluation, this quality assurance study was undertaken to define the concordance rate between immunohistochemistry (IHC)/fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and GHI RT-PCR HER2 assay. Methods All patients at three participating laboratories (Magee-Womens Hospital [Pittsburgh, PA], Cleveland Clinic [Cleveland, OH], and Riverside Methodist Hospital [Columbus, OH]) with available HER2 RT-PCR results from GHI were included in this study. All IHC-positive and equivocal patient cases were further evaluated and classified by FISH at respective laboratories. Results Of the total 843 patient cases, 784 (93%) were classified as negative, 36 (4%) as positive, and 23 (3%) as equivocal at the three institutions using IHC/FISH. Of the 784 negative patient cases, 779 (99%) were also classified as negative by GHI RT-PCR assay. However, all 23 equivocal patient cases were reported as negative by GHI. Of the 36 positive cases, only 10 (28%; 95% CI, 14% to 45%) were reported as positive, 12 (33%) as equivocal, and 14 (39%) as negative. Conclusion There was an unacceptable false-negative rate for HER2 status with GHI HER2 assay in this independent study. This could create confusion in the decision-making process for targeted treatment and potentially lead to mismanagement of patients with breast cancer if only GHI HER2 information is used.
Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Long-Term Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors: Does Time Heal?
Authors: Smith Sophia K. , Zimmerman Sheryl , Williams Christianna S. , Benecha Habtamu , Abernethy Amy P. , Mayer Deborah K. , Edwards Lloyd J. , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose Little is known about the trajectory of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in cancer survivors, despite the fact that such knowledge can guide treatment. Therefore, this study examined changes in PTSD symptoms among long-term survivors of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and identified demographic, clinical, and psychosocial predictors and correlates of PTSD symptomatology. Patients and Methods Surveys were mailed to 682 NHL survivors who participated in an earlier survey and now were at least 7 years postdiagnosis. Information was obtained regarding PTSD symptoms, positive and negative perceptions of the cancer experience (ie, impact of cancer), and other potential correlates of PTSD. Results A total of 566 individuals participated (83% response rate) with a median of 12.9 years since diagnosis; respondents were 52% female and 87% white. Although half (51%) of the respondents reported no PTSD symptoms and 12% reported a resolution of symptoms, more than one-third (37%) reported persistence or worsening of symptoms over 5 years. Survivors who reported a low income, stage ≥ 2 at diagnosis, aggressive lymphoma, having received chemotherapy, and greater impact of cancer (both positive and negative) at the initial survey had more PTSD symptoms at follow-up. In multivariable analysis, income and negative impacts of cancer were independent predictors of PTSD symptoms. Conclusion More than one-third of long-term NHL survivors experience persisting or worsening PTSD symptoms. Providers should be aware of enduring risk; early identification of those at prolonged risk with standardized measures and treatments that target perceptions of the cancer experience might improve long-term outcomes.
An evaluation of muscle maintenance costs during fiber hypertrophy in the lobster Homarus americanus: are larger muscle fibers cheaper to maintain?
Authors: Jimenez Ana Gabriela , Dasika Santosh K. , Locke Bruce R. , Kinsey Stephen T. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARY
Large muscle fiber size imposes constraints on muscle function while imparting no obvious advantages, making it difficult to explain why muscle fibers are among the largest cell type. Johnston and colleagues proposed the ‘optimal fiber size’ hypothesis, which states that some fish have large fibers that balance the need for short diffusion distances against metabolic cost savings associated with large fibers. We tested this hypothesis in hypertrophically growing fibers in the lobster Homarus americanus. Mean fiber diameter was 316±11 μm in juveniles and 670±26 μm in adults, leading to a surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) that was 2-fold higher in juveniles. Na+/K+-ATPase activity was also 2-fold higher in smaller fibers. 31P-NMR was used with metabolic inhibitors to determine the cost of metabolic processes in muscle preparations. The cost of Na+/K+-ATPase function was also 2-fold higher in smaller than in larger diameter fibers. Extrapolation of the SA:V dependence of the Na+/K+-ATPase over a broad fiber size range showed that if fibers were much smaller than those observed, maintenance of the membrane potential would constitute a large fraction of whole-animal metabolic rate, suggesting that the fibers grow large to reduce maintenance costs. However, a reaction–diffusion model of aerobic metabolism indicated that fibers in adults could attain still larger sizes without diffusion limitation, although further growth would have a negligible effect on cost. Therefore, it appears that decreased fiber SA:V makes larger fibers in H. americanus less expensive to maintain, which is consistent with the optimal fiber size hypothesis.
Identification of ATF2 as a transcriptional regulator of renin gene
Authors: Desch Michael , Hackmayer Gerit , Todorov Vladimir T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe cAMP response element (enhCRE) in the distal enhancer regulatory region of renin gene is believed to play a major role in the control of renin transcription. enhCRE binds the CRE-binding protein (CREB), which is the main transcription factor target of cAMP signaling. Using the mouse renin-producing cell line As4.1 we found that activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) also binds to enhCRE. N-terminal phosphorylation of ATF2, which controls its transactivation, is associated with downregulation of renin gene expression by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). The ubiquitin proteasome inhibitor MG132 also phosphorylates ATF2 and inhibits renin expression. Knockdown of ATF2 attenuated the suppression of renin gene expression by MG132, thus demonstrating that ATF2 mediates the inhibitory effect of MG132. In addition, MG132 increased the DNA-binding of ATF2 as well as the ratio of bound ATF2 to CREB. Using ATF2- and CREB-Gal4 fusion protein constructs coupled with luciferase reporter system we showed that ATF2 has a weaker transactivating capacity than CREB. These data suggest that ATF2 represses renin expression by drifting the transcriptional control of renin gene away from CREB. Accordingly, TNFα completely abrogated the cAMP-dependent stimulation of renin gene expression.
Computerassistierte Präzisionschirurgie am Ohr
Authors: Bell Brett , Gerber Nicolas , Gavaghan Kate , Stieger Christoph , Caversaccio Marco , Weber Stefan 
Published: October 2011

Zusammenfassung
Chirurgische Eingriffe am Ohr stellen aufgrund der komplexen Anatomie und der Grössenverhältnisse der beteiligten anatomischen Strukturen eine Herausforderung für den HNO-Chirurgen dar. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz für die roboterbasierte Navigation zur Hörgeräteimplantation vorgestellt. Insbesondere wird auf die Möglichkeit des Fräsens von Implantatlagern im Felsenbein eingegangen. Je präziser ein Implantat im Schädel verankert werden kann, desto einfacher ist der chirurgischen Ablauf. Weiterhin, profitieren Patienten von verkürzten Operationszeiten und weniger schmerzhaften Eingriffen.
Zeitgeschichte in der Welt der Sozialwissenschaften. Legitimität und Originalität einer Disziplin
Authors: Graf Rüdiger , Priemel Kim Christian 
Published: October 2011

Vorspann
Seit die Zeitgeschichte die zweite Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts als Forschungsfeld erschlossen hat, steht sie mehr denn je vor der Herausforderung, wie sie mit den Deutungsangeboten der Sozialwissenschaften umgehen soll. Bloße Adaption oder selbstbewusste Behauptung und damit Beharrung auf den spezifischen Regeln, die der Zeitgeschichte eigen sind? Rüdiger Graf und Kim Priemel, Protagonisten einer gegenwartsnahen Zeitgeschichte, stellen sich diesen Fragen. Sie kritisieren (und illustrieren) die unbekümmerte Entlehnung sozialwissenschaftlicher Theorien und Methoden, plädieren aber gleichzeitig dafür, das eigene Methodenarsenal zu erweitern – durch die reflektierte behutsame Nutzung der Nachbardisziplinen, deren Begriffe und Methoden historisiert, kontextualisiert und mit der genuinen Herangehensweise der Zeitgeschichte verbunden werden müssen.
Very low seismicity areas in Slovakia and comparison of seismic risk in Central European Countries
Authors: Sokol M. , Konečná L. , Čuhák M. , Dallemule M. 
Published: October 2011

Very low seismicity areas in Slovakia and comparison of seismic risk in Central European CountriesA parametric study concerning the importance of very low seismicity for Slovakia is introduced. Analyses were performed for ordinary buildings such as family houses, residential brick buildings, residential panel buildings and high-rise buildings. Both horizontal wind and seismic actions were analysed and compared in detail for all the regions and conditions in Slovakia.
Investigation of the reinforcement and stabilisation effect of geogrid layers under railway ballast
Authors: Fischer Sz. , Horvát F. 
Published: October 2011

Investigation of the reinforcement and stabilisation effect of geogrid layers under railway ballastThis paper deals with the issue of the stabilization of railway track geometry. It details the published results in numerous international journals. Having analysed the cited publications the paper deals with a new research topic related to geogrid-reinforced railway ballast. A research team of the Department of Transport Infrastructure and Municipal Engineering at the Szechenyi Istvan University would like to continue working on this research topic.
Entwicklung der Baumarten im Schweizer Wald – methodische Überlegungen
Authors: Duc Philippe , Brändli Urs-Beat , Cioldi Fabrizio , Lanz Adrian , Ulmer Ulrich 
Published: October 2011

Development of tree species in Swiss forests – some methodological considerations
Swiss forests have been subject to more stress in recent decades due to increased climatic and biogenic disturbances. Some tree species, such as Norway spruce, have been more severely affected than others. How the tree species composition of the Swiss forest has changed during this time has been assessed with data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI). The four indicators, presence, dominance, number of stems and basal area, were examined to see: whether the changes in the most important tree species are significant; whether the indicators have developed in the same way in the two diameter classes, D1 (12–36 cm DBH) and D2 (&gt; 36 cm DBH); and how different diameter thresholds (12 or 36 cm DBH) and different circular sample plot sizes (200 m2 or 500 m2) affect the development and significance of the indicators. All the values were estimated for the 5370 NFI forest plots that were accessible in all three inventories, NFI1 (1983–85), NFI2 (1993–95) and NFI3 (2004–06). Only in a minority of tree species did changes in the presence, dominance, number of stems and basal area develop in the same way. Most indicators for the conifer species spruce, fir and pine decreased significantly, whereas for the broadleaf species, maple and ash, as well as larch and the other conifers, they increased significantly. The basal area increased during the period investigated for all tree species except pine and spruce. The different development of the indicators number of stems and basal area can be attributed to a different development within the DBH classes D1 and D2. The inventory diameter threshold strongly affects the development of the indicator number of stems, but not that of the indicator basal area.
Ökonomische Konsequenzen der Verbissprobleme an der Rigi-Nordlehne
Authors: Gasser Nora , Frehner Monika , Zinggeler Jürg , Olschewski Roland 
Published: October 2011

Economic consequences of browsing problems on Rigi-Nordlehne
Stand regeneration with suitable tree species plays a key role in the management of protection forests. This is complicated in many regions in Switzerland due to browsing damage caused by game animals. In particular, the regeneration of the valuable Abies alba species is regionally heavily impaired. This can entail considerable expenses for the support of stand regeneration and compensation of lost protective effects. Using the Rigi-Nordlehne in Switzerland as test location, the following three questions were studied with the help of an analysis of cost-effectiveness and based on the Rigfor forest development model: 1) What costs are to be expected over the next 50 years for protection measures against browsing damage, 2) what would be the cost of a reduction of the game population size and 3) what measures are necessary for the replacement of the protective effects against avalanches and what are the respective costs? The study resulted in cost estimations for technical measures against browsing damage, game regulation and the combination of these two strategies. In addition, costs for the replacement of lost protective effects related to snow movements were estimated. The study shows, that the high pressure of browsing damage at the Rigi-Nordlehne causes forest management problems as well as economic disadvantages. Their amount is 3 million to 6.6 million Swiss francs within 50 years depending on the measures taken. Thus, the results obtained by the study at the Rigi-Nordlehne provide a new argument in the discussion of regeneration in protection forests, which in Switzerland for many years has mainly been lead based on silviculture and game ecology issues.
L'Aurès et l'olivier
Authors: Morizot Pierre 
Published: October 2011

Alors que l'olivier a pratiquement disparu aujourd'hui du paysage aurasien, la présence de nombreuses ruines de pressoir dans tout le massif jusqu'à l'altitude de 1 500 m semble indiquer que la culture de cet arbre y était très développée dans l'Antiquité.
Comment expliquer cette disparition ?
Il convient tout d'abord de souligner qu'elle est récente. Il y a 150 ans, l'olivier était encore bien vivace sur le versant sud de l'Aurès en deçà de 1 000 m. L'on ne saurait donc l'expliquer par l'hypothèse d'une pejoration climatique survenue entre l'Antiquité tardive et la conquête française.
Ses causes seraient donc plutôt économiques (diminution du rôle de l'huile d'olive — modification des circuits commerciaux) et historiques (invasions-mutation de populations) ; cependant des catastrophes climatiques ponctuelles (froid inhabituel ou sécheresse excessive) ont pu favoriser la régression de cette culture.
Par ailleurs, il faut peut-être corriger quelque peu le facteur altitude, en songeant que certaines presses, parce qu'on les construisait souvent au plus près des lieux habités, ont pu être implantées à des altitudes supérieures à celles des olivettes.
En annexe, l'auteur évoque les modes d'extraction de l'huile à l'époque contemporaine et passe en revue les différents sites antiques connus à ce jour. Il insiste sur l'état de conservation remarquable des vestiges d'huilerie de l'Aurès oriental, qui lui paraissent susceptibles de fournir aux chercheurs de nombreuses indications sur les modes d'extraction de l'huile pratiqués dans l'Antiquité.
Scolarisation des élèves malentendants ou sourds: école inclusive
Authors: Golaszewski Mireille 
Published: October 2011

Résumé La loi du 11 février 2005 a accéléré la mise en place de dispositifs de scolarisation pour les élèves en situation de handicap, notamment pour les élèves malentendants et sourds. Les Pôles pour l’accompagnement à la scolarisation de ces élèves ( pass ) sont des structures articulées comportant une école maternelle, une école primaire, un collège et un lycée d’enseignement général ou technologique et un lycée d’enseignement professionnel. Ils se construisent progressivement dans les académies et peuvent scolariser les élèves concernés qui le souhaitent, quel que soit le mode de communication que leurs parents ont choisi pour eux, grâce à la concentration de ressources et de ressources humaines. S’agissant de la langue des signes française, de plus en plus de jeunes s’y intéressent et l’apprennent, et pas seulement parce qu’elle existe, sous forme d’option, au baccalauréat. L’école a bien intégré le concept d’« inclusion » et offre de plus en plus aux élèves sourds et entendants la possibilité d’échanges autour d’une culture partagée.
La dette comme signe d'appartenance dans l'Europe des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Fontaine Laurence 
Published: October 2011

Résumé La première demande de qui s’appauvrit est du crédit et des délais de paiements. Comment et qui répondait à ces besoins dans l’Europe des XVII et XVIII e siècles, c’est-à-dire à une époque où il n’existait pas de filets de sécurité comme les Etats ont pu en construire au siècle dernier ? Cette intervention va s’attacher à mesurer le rôle des relations sociales face au risque d’appauvrissement en regardant plus particulièrement la nature de ces relations selon les groupes sociaux. Elle étudiera donc les cercles de créanciers auxquels les individus s’adressaient successivement pour comprendre la forme des liens qui unissaient créanciers et débiteurs et mettre au jour les logiques de protection et de domination qui étaient à l’œuvre dans ces relations économiques.
Couverture, financement et exclusion : l'assurance maladie en Afrique
Authors: Sossa Théophile 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les mutuelles de santé ambitionnent d’assurer les risques de maladie de la masse de personnes exclues des systèmes de protection sociale des pays du Sud. Leur développement et leur impact sur le changement social en termes de protection sociale, d’égalité et de démocratie dépendent de leur capacité à engendrer une dynamique institutionnelle et politique. Pour cette finalité, des formes d’association horizontale et verticale sont indispensables pour créer des espaces publics locaux et régionaux capables de catalyser, par le biais d’une dynamique participative, les initiatives publiques visant à étendre la couverture maladie à ces exclus.
Quelle fonction peut avoir l'hospitalisation ?
Authors: Lec’hvien Pascal 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le contexte actuel de la santé mentale ramène désormais de plus en plus la spécificité du soin en psychiatrie au temps de l’hospitalisation, donc au traitement strict de la phase aiguë ou critique. Cette nouvelle définition ouvre cependant à des interrogations : Peut on ainsi « détacher » le temps d’hospitalisation d’un avant et d’un après ? Sur quoi se déterminent l’entrée et la sortie d’un patient ? L’hospitalisation peut-elle encore prendre en compte le temps du sujet ? Quelle fonction peut-elle avoir pour lui ? Nous tenterons à partir de deux cas cliniques d’éclairer ces questions.
« Aime ton travail comme toi-même ! »
Authors: Morel Geneviève 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Au moment de la Grande Dépression de 1929, Freud notait que « la grande majorité des hommes ne travaille que par nécessité, et les problèmes sociaux les plus difficiles proviennent de cette aversion naturelle des hommes pour le travail » ( Le malaise dans la civilisation , ch. 2). La nécessité est pour Lacan une caractéristique du symptôme – ce qu’est devenu le travail pour nombre d’analysants qui en parlent à longueur de séance. Ils ne témoignent cependant de nulle aversion mais plutôt d’une aspiration angoissée à bien faire leur travail, au-delà de tout motif rationnel comme la peur d’être « viré » en cette période de crise. Ils en sont même si tourmentés que l’on peut se demander si « Aime ton travail comme toi même ! » n’est pas un commandement du surmoi culturel de notre époque. Nous étudierons cliniquement les formes prises par cette idéologie du travail bien fait dans une société qui ne protège plus guère les diverses formes de précarité.