bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between P‐Wave Duration and Atrial Electromechanical Delay Assessed by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography
Authors: DĄBROWSKA‐KUGACKA ALICJA , LEWICKA‐NOWAK EWA , RUCIŃSKI PIOTR , ZAGOŻDŻON PAWEŁ , RACZAK GRZEGORZ , KUTARSKI ANDRZEJ 
Published: October 2010

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between P‐wave duration on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic parameters of atrial electromechanical delay (EMD), as well as contraction synchrony during different atrial pacing modalities.
Methods: In 57 patients with sinus node disease and prolonged sinus P‐wave duration treated with multisite atrial pacing (MSAp), the EMD was measured by tissue Doppler in several left and right atrial sites during sinus rhythm, MSAp, and single‐site pacing at right atrial appendage (RAAp), Bachmann's bundle (BBp) region, and coronary sinus (CSp) ostium. Regional atrial synchrony was calculated on the basis of EMD.
Results: P‐wave duration was 141 ± 16, 120 ± 17, 138 ± 17, 144 ± 16, and 160 ± 19 ms during sinus rhythm, MSAp, BBp, CSp, and RAAp, respectively (P < 0.001 RAAp and MSAp vs other). P‐wave duration correlated with all atrial EMDs as well as interatrial and intraleft atrial parameters of dyssynchrony. In multivariate analysis, the EMD in lateral left atrial wall was the strongest predictor of P‐wave duration (β 0.41; P < 0.001). The relationship between P‐wave duration and the atrial EMDs was most prominent during RAAp (all left atrial walls r > 0.51; P < 0.01) and BBp (all atrial walls r > 0.42; P < 0.05), while during sinus rhythm and CSp, only weak correlation between echo and ECG was found. Neither of the tissue Doppler parameters correlated with P‐wave duration during MSAp. Interatrial dyssynchrony correlated with P‐wave duration during sinus rhythm and RAAp and intraleft atrial dyssynchrony only during sinus rhythm.
Conclusions: P‐wave duration of the surface ECG is highly correlated with the atrial EMD, the relationship is specific for each pacing modality. (PACE 2011; 23–31)
Sialoadenitis secondary to 131I therapy for well‐differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Van Nostrand D 
Published: October 2010

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 154–161Radioiodine (131I) is an important therapy for patients who have well‐differentiated thyroid cancer. However, 131I may also result in side effects in multiple organs and glands. The glands that are frequently affected are the salivary glands with the major untoward effects including sialoadenitis and increased risk of second primary malignancy. This report will review sialoadenitis secondary to 131I therapy including (1) proposed mechanisms, (2) incidence and clinical presentations, (3) possible approaches to improve prevention, (4) management, and (5) sequelae of sialoadenitis (e.g. xerostomia and salivary duct obstruction). A discussion of second primary malignancies is beyond the scope of this review. With a better understanding of the above, dentists, oral surgeons, otolaryngologists, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and nuclear radiologists will be more likely to implement more effective preventive measures to reduce the incidence and severity of 131I‐induced sialoadenitis, and if it does occur, to identify and treat sialoadenitis sooner, thereby potentially reducing not only the severity of the initial symptoms, but also the severity of subsequent sequelae.
HIV infection and periodontal diseases: an overview of the post‐HAART era
Authors: Mataftsi M , Skoura L , Sakellari D 
Published: October 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 17, 13–25HIV infection remains a global health problem of unprecedented dimensions, although the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly modified the course of HIV disease into a manageable chronic disease with longer survival and improved quality of life in HIV‐infected subjects. Among the HIV‐associated infections, oral lesions have been recognized as prominent features since the beginning of the epidemic and continue to be important. Periodontal diseases strongly associated with HIV infection are classified as linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and are included among the cardinal oral lesions. Although oral candidiasis appears to be the infection more significantly decreased after the introduction of HAART, the current literature suggests that the prevalence and course of periodontal lesions have also been modified. Higher prevalence of opportunistic microorganisms has been frequently detected in the subgingival flora of HIV‐infected individuals, probably due to the immune status of those patients, as colonization and overgrowth of atypical pathogenic species is facilitated by immunosuppression. Additional research is required regarding biological issues such as the role of oral immune factors and periodontal disease in the persistency of HIV infection, the possibility of oral transmission and the re‐emerging of HIV infection.
Root and periodontal tissue development after allogenic tooth transplantation between rat littermates
Authors: Andou K , Nakamura M , Ina Y , Sasaki K , Sasano Y 
Published: October 2010

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 379–386Objective:  The study was designed to investigate the development of roots and periodontal tissues after allogenic tooth transplantation between rat littermates by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histology.Materials and Methods:  The upper right second molars in 2‐week‐old rats were extracted and immediately transplanted into the upper right first molar socket of rat littermates under anesthesia. The upper left second molars in 2‐week‐old recipient rats were used as a control. The rats were fixed and tissues analyzed at 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks after transplantation. Root development of seven rats in each group was analyzed quantitatively using micro‐CT. Periodontal tissue formation was examined qualitatively by histologic methods.Results:  Roots developed after allogenic transplantation, but they were significantly shorter than control roots. The number of roots varied from one to four in transplanted teeth, while it was consistently four in control teeth. Periodontal tissue formation in transplanted teeth was equivalent to that of the control teeth.Conclusion:  Allogenic transplantation between rat littermates permits root development and periodontal tissue formation.
Cheilitis glandularis: clinico‐histopathological diagnostic criteria
Authors: Reiter S , Vered M , Yarom N , Goldsmith C , Gorsky M 
Published: October 2010

Oral Diseases (2011)17, 335–339Objectives: To present a combination of clinical and histopathological criteria for diagnosing cheilitis glandularis (CG), and to evaluate the association between CG and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Materials and Methods: The medical literature in English was searched from 1950 to 2010 and selected demographic data, and clinical and histopathological features of CG were retrieved and analysed.Results: A total of 77 cases have been published and four new cases were added to the collective data. The clinical criteria applied included the coexistence of multiple lesions and mucoid/purulent discharge, while the histopathological criteria included two or more of the following findings: sialectasia, chronic inflammation, mucous/oncocytic metaplasia and mucin in ducts. Only 47 (58.0%) cases involving patients with a mean age of 48.5 ± 20.3 years and a male‐to‐female ratio of 2.9:1 fulfilled the criteria. The lower lip alone was most commonly affected (70.2%). CG was associated with SCC in only three cases (3.5%) for which there was a clear aetiological factor for the malignancy.Conclusions: The proposed diagnostic criteria can assist in delineating true CG from a variety of lesions with a comparable clinical/histopathological presentation. CG in association with premalignant/malignant epithelial changes of the lower lip may represent secondary, reactive changes of the salivary glands.
Film Cooling
Effectiveness Measurements With Periodic Unsteady Inflow on Highly Loaded Blades With Main Flow
Separation
Authors: Gomes Reinaldo
A. , Niehuis Reinhard 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Film cooling experiments were performed using a highly loaded high pressure turbine blade blade linear cascade. A large region with main flow separation is found on the pressure side and film cooling is provided into this area with three rows of either cylindrical or fan-shaped holes. The measurements comprise adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and profile static pressure measurements. The surface temperature was acquired with thermochromatic liquid crystals and using a hue to temperature correlation. The results shown are for variations in main flow Mach and Reynolds numbers at engine relevant levels and of coolant mass flows. The results for steady and periodic unsteady inflows with highly turbulent wakes created by cylindrical bars moving upstream in a plane parallel to the cascade are compared as two-dimensional surface plots, laterally averaged film cooling effectiveness and overall effectiveness over the entire surface.
Correlation of Immune Activation during Late Pregnancy and Early Postpartum with Increases in Plasma HIV RNA, CD4/CD8 T Cells, and Serum Activation Markers
Authors: Truong Hong-Ha M. , Sim Myung S. , Dillon Maryanne , Uittenbogaart Christel H. , Dickover Ruth , Plaeger Susan F. , Bryson Yvonne J. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTA previously observed rise in the plasma viral load postpartum in both treated and untreated HIV-positive women remains unexplained. Virological and immunological markers were evaluated in HIV-negative controls and HIV-positive pregnant women with and without antiretroviral treatment. Plasma HIV RNA, CD4/CD8 T cells, and serum activation markers were sequentially measured during the third trimester, at delivery, and 2 to 8 weeks postpartum in a cohort of HIV-positive pregnant women (n= 96) enrolled in a maternal-fetal HIV transmission study and a control group of HIV-negative pregnant women (n= 28). Mean plasma HIV RNA (P= 0.003) increased from delivery to postpartum, and mean CD4 T cells (P= 0.002) and serum β2-microglobulin (P< 0.0001) increased from the third trimester through postpartum among the HIV-positive women. Mean CD8 T cells increased from the third trimester through postpartum in women receiving zidovudine (ZDV) and in those not treated (P< 0.05) but remained stable in those on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the HIV-negative controls. Increases in serum β2-microglobulin were correlated with increases in HIV RNA (P= 0.01). HIV-positive pregnant women showed postpartum increases in plasma HIV RNA, CD4 T cells, and serum β2-microglobulin regardless of the treatment regimen. The rise in CD4 T cells and β2-microglobulin was also observed in HIV-negative pregnant women, suggesting hormonal changes and/or labor-induced cytokines may contribute to immune activation. Immune activation correlated with increased plasma HIV RNA in postpartum women despite treatment, although HAART appeared to blunt the effect. The observed rise in plasma HIV RNA postpartum, which correlated with markers of immune activation, may have implications for enhanced transmission to infants through early breast-feeding and to sexual partners.
Escherichia coliK88ac Fimbriae Expressing Heat-Labile and Heat-Stable (STa) Toxin Epitopes Elicit Antibodies That Neutralize Cholera Toxin and STa Toxin and Inhibit Adherence of K88ac FimbrialE. coli
Authors: Zhang Chengxian , Zhang Weiping 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTEnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) strains are a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and animals. Bacterial adhesins and heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins are the virulence determinants in ETEC diarrhea. It is believed that vaccines inducing anti-adhesin immunity to inhibit bacterial adherence and anti-toxin immunity to eliminate toxin activity would provide broad-spectrum protection against ETEC. In this study, an ETEC fimbrial adhesin was used as a platform to express LT and STa for adhesin-toxin fusion antigens to induce anti-toxin and anti-adhesin immunity. An epitope from the B subunit of LT toxin (LTP1,8LCSEYRNTQIYTIN21) and an STa toxoid epitope (5CCELCCNPQCAGCY18) were embedded in the FaeG major subunit ofE. coliK88ac fimbriae. Constructed K88ac-toxin chimeric fimbriae were harvested and used for rabbit immunization. Immunized rabbits developed anti-K88ac, anti-LT, and anti-STa antibodies. Moreover, induced antibodies not only inhibited adherence of K88ac fimbrialE. colito porcine small intestinal enterocytes but also neutralized cholera toxin and STa toxin. Data from this study demonstrated that K88ac fimbriae expressing LT and STa epitope antigens elicited neutralizing anti-toxin antibodies and anti-adhesin antibodies and suggested thatE. colifimbriae could serve as a platform for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against ETEC.
Mixed Infection with Beijing and Non-Beijing Strains and Drug Resistance Pattern of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Huang Han-Yu , Tsai Yau-Sheng , Lee Jen-Jeh , Chiang Man-Chin , Chen Ying-Huei , Chiang Chen-Yuan , Lin Nien-Tsung , Tsai Pei-Jane 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Mixed infection with Beijing and non-Beijing strains of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
has been reported and has been suggested to mediate elevation of the reinfection rate in regions with a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB). To evaluate the prevalence of infection with both Beijing and non-Beijing strains of
M. tuberculosis
in eastern Taiwan, the region with the highest TB incidence in Taiwan, 185 active pulmonary TB patients were enrolled at Tzu Chi General Hospital from October 2007 to September 2008. A modified multiplex PCR method was developed to distinguish Beijing and non-Beijing strains directly using the sputum of patients. Of the 185 patients, 46.5% were infected with a Beijing strain, 42.2% were infected with a non-Beijing strain, and 11.3% were infected with both strain types. Notably, mixed infection with both strain types was not associated with TB treatment history or the high-incidence race group, aborigines. In addition, the incidence rate of mixed infection before treatment with anti-TB medication was as high as that in patients with a history of anti-TB treatment. Further analysis of antibiotic susceptibility revealed that Beijing strains alone had the highest multidrug resistance rate (17.5%), mixed infection had the highest rate of resistance to at least one drug (23.8%), and non-Beijing strains had the highest rate of sensitivity to all drugs (79.5%), implying that Beijing strains are predominant in the development of drug resistance in tuberculosis.
Screening for
Acinetobacter baumannii
Colonization by Use of Sponges
Authors: Doi Yohei , Onuoha Ezenwa O. , Adams-Haduch Jennifer M. , Pakstis Diana L. , McGaha Traci L. , Werner Carly A. , Parker Bridget N. , Brooks Maria M. , Shutt Kathleen A. , Pasculle Anthony W. , Muto Carlene A. , Harrison Lee H. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

There is currently no consensus method for the active screening of
Acinetobacter baumannii
. The use of swabs to culture nostrils, pharynx, and skin surface of various anatomical sites is known to yield less-than-optimal sensitivity. In the present study, we sought to determine whether the use of sterile sponges to sample large areas of the skin would improve the sensitivity of the detection of
A. baumannii
colonization. Forty-six patients known to be colonized with
A. baumannii
, defined by a positive clinical culture for this organism as defined by resistance to more than two classes of antimicrobials, participated in the study. The screening sites included the forehead, nostrils, buccal mucosa, axilla, antecubital fossa, groin, and toe webs with separate rayon swabs and the forehead, upper arm, and thigh with separate sponges. Modified Leeds Acinetobacter medium (mLAM) agar plates that contained vancomycin and either aztreonam or ceftazidime were used as the selective medium. An enrichment culture grown overnight substantially increased the sensitivity for most sites. The sensitivity ranged between 69.6 and 82.6% for individual sponge sites and 21.7 to 52.2% for individual swab sites when mLAM plates with ceftazidime were inoculated after a 24-h enrichment period. The sponge and swab sites with the best sensitivity were the leg and the buccal mucosa, respectively (82.6% and 52.2%;
P
= 0.003). The combined sensitivity for the upper arm and leg with a sponge was 89.1%. The novel screening method using sterile sponges was easy to perform and achieved excellent sensitivity for the detection of
A. baumannii
colonization.
Genotyping of
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Enterococcus faecium
Isolates by Use of a Set of Eight Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Authors: Rathnayake I. U. , Hargreaves M. , Huygens F. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping method for
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Enterococcus faecium
was developed using the “Minimum SNPs” program. SNP sets were interrogated using allele-specific real-time PCR. SNP typing subdivided clonal complexes 2 and 9 of
E. faecalis
and 17 of
E. faecium
, members of which cause the majority of nosocomial infections globally.
Enteric Fever in a 6-Year-Old Traveler Caused by
Salmonella enterica
Serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A: Laboratory Detection Strategies and Treatment Options
Authors: Humphries Romney M. , Yeganeh Nava , Ward Kevin W. , Lewinski M. A. , Ching Natascha 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

We report the first pediatric case of enteric fever caused by
Salmonella enterica
serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A. Mixed infections are infrequently reported, potentially because detection of two different
Salmonella
serotypes in blood cultures is technically challenging. We suggest laboratory strategies to aid in the recognition of mixed infections.
Identification by Genotyping of a Commercial Antigen Preparation as the Source of a Laboratory Contamination with
Coxiella burnetii
and as an Unexpected Rich Source of Control DNA
Authors: Tilburg Jeroen J. H. C. , Horrevorts Alphons M. , Peeters Marcel F. , Klaassen Corné H. W. , Rossen John W. A. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
By performing genotyping, a laboratory contamination involving Q fever was traced back to the antigen preparation used in a commercially available complement fixation test. It was established that such antigen preparations contain relatively high loads of DNA/RNA, making them potential sources of contamination but also convenient preparations for control material.
Quantitative Detection of Enterotoxigenic
Bacteroides fragilis
Subtypes Isolated from Children with and without Diarrhea
Authors: Merino V. R. C. , Nakano V. , Liu C. , Song Y. , Finegold S. M. , Avila-Campos M. J. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

A rapid real-time PCR (RT-PCR) approach was developed to detect the
bft
gene subtypes in
Bacteroides fragilis
isolated from fecal samples. DNA obtained from diarrhea (110) and nondiarrhea (150) samples was evaluated. Subtype 1 was observed in 9 (8.2%) diarrhea and 7 (4.7%) nondiarrhea samples. Subtype 2 was not detected in any DNA samples, and subtype 3 was observed in only 1 diarrhea sample. The presence of the
bft-1
gene did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups of children. This technique could be used to evaluate a possible correlation between disease and the presence of
B. fragilis
enterotoxin.
Development and Evaluation of a Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Test for the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus
Authors: Kwon Donghyok , Shin Kyeongcheol , Kwon Mihwa , Oh Hee-Bok , Kang Chun , Lee Joo-Yeon 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
We evaluated a new rapid influenza diagnostic test for the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) and viral culture. The sensitivities were 68.5% and 64.5%, and the specificities were 98.4% and 97.6%, respectively. This kit should be used with caution, and negative results should be verified by a confirmative test.
Intrafamilial Cluster of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Due to
Mycobacterium bovis
of the African 1 Clonal Complex
Authors: Godreuil S. , Jeziorski E. , Bañuls A. L. , Fraisse T. , Van de Perre P. , Boschiroli M. L. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

A new clonal complex of
Mycobacterium bovis
present at high frequency in cattle from west central African countries has been described as the African 1 (Af1) clonal complex. Here, the first intrafamilial cluster of human tuberculosis cases due to
M. bovis
Af1 clonal complex strains is reported. We discuss hypotheses regarding modes of transmission.
Temporal Characterization of Carrot Broth-Enhanced Real-Time PCR as an Alternative Means for Rapid Detection of
Streptococcus agalactiae
from Prenatal Anorectal and Vaginal Screenings
Authors: Munson Erik , Napierala Maureen , Munson Kimber L. , Culver Anne , Hryciuk Jeanne E. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Analysis of overnight carrot broth culture using the BD GeneOhm StrepB assay (carrot broth-enhanced PCR) yields increased sensitivity compared to that of carrot broth culture alone for the detection of
Streptococcus agalactiae
. We investigated the prospect of reducing the carrot broth incubation time prior to PCR performance.
In vitro
experimentation demonstrated that carrot broth-enhanced PCR nominally detected 10 CFU
S. agalactiae
after 4 h of carrot broth incubation with competitive flora. Detection rates improved with inocula of 100 and 1,000 CFU
S. agalactiae
, with the majority of these aliquots demonstrating detection after 2 h of carrot broth incubation. Carrot broth was prospectively inoculated with clinical vaginal/anorectal swabs, with 500-μl aliquots collected. Early aliquots from 227 specimens were subjected to carrot broth-enhanced PCR (early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR) in instances of subsequent positive carrot broth culture or positive overnight clinical carrot broth-enhanced PCR. The
S. agalactiae
detection rate by early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR (66.1%) exceeded that observed for 227 remnant swabs retrospectively tested by direct swab PCR (56.4%;
P
= 0.03). Early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR detection rate differences were most pronounced in aliquots from 83 carrot broth aliquots collected after 6 h (84.3%) compared to detection rates from either direct swab PCR of these samples (51.8%;
P
< 0.0002) or early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR of 144 carrot broth aliquots collected after fewer than 6 h of incubation (55.6%;
P
< 0.0002). Enhanced sensitivity of early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR versus direct swab PCR suggests that this assay could serve as a surrogate rapid detection method facilitating the prevention of group B streptococcal disease.