bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Regression of Opticochiasmatic Astrocytoma: A Case for Expectant Therapy
Authors: Venes Joan L. , Venes Joan L. , Latack Joseph , Kandt Raymond S. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
After incisional biopsy, an opticochiasmatic astrocytoma in a 2-year-old child with neurofibromatosis was seen to regress by computed tomographic scanning. This case illustrates the need for expectant therapy in this entity.
Primary Intracranial Choriocarcinoma: A Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Chan Helen S. L. , Humphreys Robin P. , Hendrick Bruce E. , Chuang Sylvester H. , Fitz Charles R. , Becker Laurence E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Among 848 cases of primary intracranial malignancy seen during a 63-year period at a pediatric hospital, there were 2 cases of primary pineal choriocarcinoma. The clinical and laboratory findings of these 2 cases were similar to those of 33 cases of intracranial choriocarcinoma reported in the literature. In 1 patient with precocious puberty, the diagnosis was confirmed by labeling human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) within the tumor, which had been stored for 25 years. In the other patient, who is alive and well 18 months after diagnosis, the response to cranial irradiation and intensive chemotherapy was monitored with serial measurements of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urinary HCG and with computed tomography. We conclude that intensive chemotherapy, radiation, and tumor resection, if feasible, offer the best chance of curing this otherwise fatal disease.
Intraventricular Pneumocephalus Secondary to Subcutaneous Emphysema: A Case Report
Authors: Horton Donald D. , Pollay Michael , Reynolds Arden F. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Intraventricular tension pneumocephalus is an unusual complication of surgically treated hydrocephalus. This is a life-threatening complication requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. A case is presented wherein tension pneumocephalus developed as a result of cervicocranial subcutaneous emphysema in the presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Intrathecal Paraganglioma of the Cauda Equina
Authors: Reyes Marcelino G. , Torres Hernando 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 33-year-old obese woman with chronic pain in her lower back presented with weakness of her right quadriceps and diminution of her patellar reflex. Her myelogram revealed an intradural oval mass at level of the interspace between her 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae. Operation disclosed an encapsulated mass attached to her filum terminale. Histopathological examination showed a paraganglioma with typical dense core granules, confirmed by electron microscopic examination. We report our patient to call attention to intrathecal paragangliomas as a rare and treatable cause of the cauda equina syndrome.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea 34 Years after Trauma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Russell Tom , Cummins Brian H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea has been recognized since the 17th century, and its association with intracranial infection has been well documented. However, CSF rhinorrhea usually presents during the 1st month after trauma. Cases presenting more than 3 months after trauma are unusual. The authors report a case of CSF rhinorrhea that presented 34 years after head injury.
Pseudobulbar Palsy after Posterior Fossa Operation in Children
Authors: Wisoff Jeffrey H. , Epstein Fred J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors describe their experience with an unusual postoperative syndrome of pseudobulbar palsy occurring a few days after the extirpation of large midline vermian/4th ventricular tumors in children. The patients had a delayed onset of supranuclear cranial nerve palsies associated with emotional incontinence and lability that resolved over several weeks to months. It is postulated that retraction pressure on the medial cerebellum and split vermis is the operative insult responsible for edema that subsequently tracked along fiber pathways in the middle and superior cerebellar peduncles into the upper pons and midbrain. Modifications of operative technique to eliminate the need for retraction are presented.
Bilateral Traumatic Abducens Nerve Palsy without Skull Fracture and with Cervical Soine Fracture: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Arias Manuel J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve palsy is a rare condition. Here a case without skull fracture and associated with cervical spine fracture is reported. Only two cases like this were found in a review of the literature. The mechanism of the lesion is discussed in light of the two main theories proposed thus far. When the injury is acute, as happens in the majority of cases, the nerve lesion probably is due to contusion and stretch of the nerve trunk against the ridge of the petrous bone and the rigid dural hole of entrance in the extradural space at the basilar process.
Arteriovenous Malformations of the Cerebellar Vermis
Authors: Samson Duke , Batjer Hunt 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Fifteen cerebellar vermian arteriovenous malformations were surgically treated over a 7-year period. Intracranial hemorrhage was the presenting symptom in 73% of the cases and recurrent bleeding episodes occurred in 60%. Computed tomographic scans demonstrated the site of the malformation in 80% and documented the presence of intracerebral bleeding in all posthemorrhage patients. Angiography revealed two consistent patterns of arterial supply depending on the involvement by the malformation of the superior inferior cerebellar vermis. All lesions were surgically removed via a midline suboccipital posterior fossa microsurgical approach. Intraventricular extension of arteriovenous malformation was common, often in association with the choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle. Immediate postoperative angiography was used to document arteriovenous malformation removal. Three instances of unsuspected residual malformation were documented and required reexploration. The total operative mortality was 7%, and the neurological morbidity was 21%.
Microsurgical Recovery of a Migrated Balloon from the Internal Carotid Artery of a Child
Authors: Tranmer Bruce I. , Humphreys Robin P. , Chuang Sylvester H.-S. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A child developed a traumatic intrapetrous internal carotid aneurysm after a routine myringotomy. The aneurysm was treated by occlusion of the internal carotid artery by the detachable balloon technique. Unfortunately, both balloons migrated and ischemic sequelae resulted when one of the balloons became lodged in the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The balloon was successfully retrieved during an emergency microsurgical embolectomy, and the child's neurological deficit was reversed. The management of both the intrapetrous aneurysm and the balloon migration are discussed.
Surgical Approach to the High Subcranial Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Balagura Saul , Carter Jeffrey B. , Gossett Donald L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two cases are presented to describe surgical approaches to the high cervical internal carotid artery permitting surgical treatment of conditions such as aneurysms of the high carotid artery, fibromuscular dysplasia, and arteriosclerosis by endarterectomy or resection of a segment with the interposition of a graft.
Nonoperative Management of Extradural Hematoma
Authors: Bullock R. , Smith R.M. , van Dellen J.R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Extradural hematomas (EDHs) do not always require surgical evacuation. We report a subgroup of conscious patients harboring EDHs who were referred for computed tomographic (CT) scanning several days after head injury with neurological signs that were static or improving. Twelve patients with EDHs 12 to 38 ml in volume were offered nonsurgical management and were followed by serial CT scanning. All patients made a complete neurological recovery and showed resolution of the hematoma on CT scanning over a period of 3 to 15 weeks. The features that may make an extradural hematoma suitable for conservative treatment are discussed.
Vertebral Artery Occlusion at the Narrowed “Scalenovertebral Angle”: Mechanical Vertebral Occlusion in the Distal First Portion
Authors: Kojima Noriaki , Tamaki Norihiki , Fujita Kathuzo , Matsumoto Satoshi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We report a patient who developed occasional vertigo when turning his head to the right side. Occlusion of the right vertebral artery occurred at the narrowed “scalenovertebral angle” with this rotational head movement. This triangular tunnel consisted of the hypertrophied ligament of the longus colli muscle and the anterior scalene muscle. Decompression of these extraluminal compressive factors led to relief of the symptoms. Two different kinds of extrinsic compression at the first portion of the vertebral artery are discussed.
A Variant of Cerebral Glioma Called Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: Case Report
Authors: Gomez Jaime G. , Garcia Julio H. , Colon Lillian E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A newly recognized type of cerebral astrocytoma has been described in the last 5 years among patients under the age of 30. The designation of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma has been suggested for this neoplasm on the basis of its unique histological features. These include abundant lipid droplets in the astrocytic cytoplasm. We report an additional case of this cerebral hemisphere astrocytoma, which (in common with 17 others reported before) occurred in a young patient. His postoperative course has been benign and he remains ambulatory and almost symptom-free 9 years after the initial tumor excision. The diagnosis of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma should be entertained in patients in whom a superficially placed intracerebral tumor (i.e., one that seems to be in contact with the meninges) develops during the juvenile years.
Cerebral Glioblastomas Can Be Cured!
Authors: Bucy Paul C. , Oberhill H.R. , Siqueira Edir B. , Zimmerman H.M. , Jelsma Richard K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In 1959, a 30-year-old man underwent the removal of a glioblastoma multiforme from the right parietal lobe of his brain. After the operation, he received x-ray therapy. He made a complete recovery. Today, over 25 years later, he is alive and well and is regularly employed full-time. If glioblastomas and other cerebral gliomas are removed completely, the patients can be cured of their tumors.
Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis after Closed Head Injury
Authors: Hesselbrock Roger , Sawaya Raymond , Tomsick Thomas , Wadhwa Subodh 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis after a closed head injury is presented along with a review of 11 other reported cases. Review of the literature indicates that this condition is rarely recognized and that further investigation is necessary to define the incidence, prognostic factors, and optimal therapy of this condition.
Primary Intracranial Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Olson Jeffrey J. , Menezes Arnold H. , Godersky John C. , Lobosky Jeffrey M. , Hart Michael 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma is rare. Twenty-one cases with dismal outcomes have been reported. We add five children with this disease treated between 1977 and 1982. Their therapy consisted of surgical resection, craniospinal irradiation, and intravenous-intrathecal chemotherapy. Two children have recovered, 21 and 67 months after diagnosis; the last is the longest survival reported in the literature. Two succumbed to tumor recurrence, and one died due to pulmonary embolism. The posterior fossa was invariably a site of tumor at presentation. Diagnosis with light microscopy can be elusive; electron microscopic and immunohistochemical evaluation are necessary to confirm the pathological condition. This is essential so that early, aggressive therapy can be instituted. These diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have led to a reevaluation of this malignancy and its prognosis.
Cholesterol Granuloma of the Petrous Apex and Sphenoidal Sinus: A Case Report
Authors: Gray William C. , Salcman Michael , Rao Krishna C. V. G. , Hafiz Mohammad A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of a cholesterol granuloma located in the petrous apex and eroding into the sphenoidal sinus is reported. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when pneumatized cells in the temporal bone become obstructed. Although usually ocurring in the middle ear, it can occur in the petrous apex. The diagnosis and surgical management are discussed.
Transdiaphragmatic Migration of a Ventriculoperitoneal Catheter
Authors: Lourie Herbert , Bajwa Saeed 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A child developed an infected hydrothorax and respiratory distress 3 years after the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The distal catheter had penetrated the right pleural space via retrohepatic transdiaphragmatic migration.
Extraneural Metastases in Gliosarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cerame Mario A. , Guthikonda Murali , Kohli Chander M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This report details the case of an 11-year-old girl with gliosarcoma and her rapid demise after a brief asymptomatic postcraniotomy period. The discussion that follows is a collective review of the several aspects illustrated by the case history. Special attention is directed toward the pathological features of this histological variant of glioblastoma multiforme. The topic of extraneural metastasis is reviewed with regard to frequency, mechanisms, sites, and prognosis.
Use of the Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator and Evoked Potentials for the Treatment of Thalamic and Brain Stem Tumors in Children
Authors: Albright A. Leland , Sclabassi Robert J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We subtotally removed nine pediatric central gliomas (five brain stem and four thalamic) with the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA). Greater than 70% of the tumor was removed in eight of the nine cases. Evoked potentials were monitored during six of the operations. Of the six children who were operated on with monitoring, four had no deficit and two had single cranial nerve palsies. Of the three children who were operated on without evoked potential monitoring. one had no deficit, one was in a permanent state of obtundation, and one died of a pulmonary embolus 6 weeks postoperatively. Because the prognosis of children with malignant astrocytomas correlates with the extent of tumor removal, extensive tumor removal with the CUSA is probably indicated for some children with relatively discrete, enhancing central gliomas. Evoked potential monitoring may be useful during such operations.
Microsurgery for Giant Craniopharyngiomas in Children
Authors: Al-Mefty Ossama , Hassounah Maher , Weaver Philip , Sakati Nadia , Jinkins John R. , Fox John L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors report 20 cases of giant craniopharyngioma in children operated on during the 6-year period from 1978 through 1984. The tumor size (maximal diameter) ranged from 5 to 11 cm. These patients presented with increased intracranial pressure, severe visual loss, and neurological and endocrinological deficits. Tumor growth had occurred in several directions, causing displacement of the circle of Willis, the optic apparatus, and the hypothalamus, as well as encroachment into the interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns and into the frontal, temporal, and posterior fossae. The surgical technique for total removal of these giant tumors in the last 10 cases is described. Emphasis is placed on the use of microsurgical technique during the first operation, close endocrinological follow-up, and early reevaluation by computed tomographic scanning.
Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm after Uncomplicated Operation on an Unruptured Aneurysm: Case Report
Authors: Bloomfield Stephen M. , Sonntag V. K. H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We present the case of a patient who developed significant vasospasm on the 9th postoperative day after the uneventful clipping of an unruptured asymptomatic berry aneurysm. We discuss the literature and potential mechanisms for vasospasm in the absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Giant Osteoma of the Sphenoid Sinus Reached by an Extradural Transbasal Approach: Case Report
Authors: Pompili Alfredo , Caroli Fabrizio , Iandolo Bruno , Mazzitelli Maria R. , Riccio Antonio 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Giant osteomas of the paranasal sinuses are infrequent. Those of the sphenoid sinus with neurological symptoms are even rarer. We report here the case of a woman with a giant osteoma of the sphenoid sinus who presented with bitemporal quadrantanopsia and underwent operation via an extradural transbasal approach.
Prognostic Factors in Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Szapiro Jacek , Sindou Marc , Szapiro Jerzy 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The results of microvascular decompression (MVD) in 68 patients with trigeminal neuralgia followed for 1 to 5 years were compared with the clinical and operative findings and with the surgical modalities. Among 20 factors analyzed, the mode of pain manifestation proved to be the only factor significantly related to prognosis (p &lt; 0.001). In patients with paroxysmal pain only, a cure was obtained in 95%, whereas in those with paroxysmal and permanent pain, 58% were cured. None of the remaining factors showed any unfavorable influence on the results of MVD in cases of paroxysmal pain only. Some factors seemed to be related to prognosis in patients with a permanent pain component, and the following conclusions concern this group of patients only. Two factors proved to be statistically significant. First, patients with pain extending to two or three branches responded to MVD less favorably than those with pain in one branch only. The interposition of a piece of periosteum to separate a conflicting artery from the root led to worse results than the use of a square of Dacron. Other conclusions were based on small numbers and should be verified. A sensory deficit extending to two or three branches was related to worse results that a sensory deficit in one branch or its absence; a prior surgical procedure plays an additional unfavorable role. The patients with the least advanced degree of vasculonervous conflict (VNC) responded to MVD less favorably than those with severe cross compression; a posterosuperior site of VNC seems to play an additional unfavorable role. The distribution of some factors among types of pain manifestation showed marked differences, which seem to relate to results. The clinical and operative findings indicate that the sensory deficit corresponds to the extent of compression by the conflicting vessel. The necessity of distinguishing various clinical forms of trigeminal neuralgia for practical and cognitive reasons is emphasized.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts in Low Birth Weight Infants with Intracranial Hemorrhage: Neurodevelopmental Outcome
Authors: Bruce R. Boynton , Carole A. Boynton , Allen T. Merritt , Yvonne E. Vaucher , Hector E. James , Raul F. Bejar 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Fifty preterm infants (mean birth weight, 1266 ± 303 g: mean gestational age, 30 ± 2 weeks) who required a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (92% with Grade III or IV hemorrhage) were followed for neurodevelopmental problems. VP shunts were placed at a median age of 29 days (range, 18 to 87 days) after serial lumbar punctures failed to control progressive and symptomatic ventriculomegaly. A total of 34 infants (68%) required one shunt revision or more, and the overall infection rate per patient was 50%. Seven infants died, 2 from shunt infections. The infants were evaluated with audiological, ophthalmological, and neurodevelopmental examinations. Of the survivors, 11 (28%) have severe visual loss and 10 (24%) have hearing impairment. Of the infants, 21 (49%) have severe motor handicaps and 19 (38%) have seizure disorders. Developmental and motor scores were obtained using the Bayley or Knobloch-Gesell scales. Seven infants (18%) have normal developmental outcomes: 26 (60%) have multiple handicaps. Grade IV hemorrhage or the occurrence of seizures was a predictor of poor neurode-velopmental outcome. We conclude that progressive posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in low birth weight infants is associated with multiple handicaps despite early VP shunt placement.
Comparison of Surgical and Anesthetic Complications in Neurosurgical Patients Experiencing Venous Air Embolism in the Sitting Position
Authors: Young Marie L. , Smith David S. , Murtagh Frederick , Vasquez Angel , Levitt Jerry 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Because venous air embolism (VAE) has been considered to be a major deterrent to use of the sitting position, records of 255 patients undergoing neurosurgery in the sitting position from 1975 to 1982 were reviewed to determine the nature of morbidity and mortality in relation to the surgical procedure as well as to the occurrence of VAE. Complications were classified as surgical or anesthetic during joint review by a neurosurgeon and two neuroanesthesiologists. Outcome was classified on the basis of postoperative hospital course and discharge examination. The incidence of VAE was 30%. Although there was a variety of perioperative complications in patients with and without VAE, most of the complications were related to the operative procedure, not the sitting position or VAE. The episodes of VAE did not seem to be significant factors in the perioperative morbidity and mortality in our series of patients operated upon in the sitting position. Two case reports are discussed in detail.
Clivus Epidural Hematoma: A Case Report
Authors: Orrison William W. , Rogde Sidsel , Kinard Richard E. , Williams John E. , Torvik A. , Sackett Joseph F. , Amundsen Per 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
An acute traumatic epidural hematoma extending from the odontoid process to the dorsum sella is described. The mechanism for the formation of an extradural hematoma in this unusual location seems to be related to age and a severe hyperflexion injury.
Aneurysm Arising from the Medical Branch of the Superior Cerebellar Artery
Authors: Matricali Bartolomeo , Seminara Pietro 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case is presented of an aneurysm arising from the distal portion of the medical branch of the superior cerebellar artery. The aneurysm was discovered after a subarachnoid hemorrhage and was clipped successfully. We found no similar distally located aneurysm in a review of the literature. The close relationship between the superior cerebellar artery and the posterior cerebral artery is discussed to facilitate the proper choice of surgical approach.
A Case of Moyamoya Disease Accompanied by an Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Kayama Takamasa , Suzuki Shinsuke , Sakurai Yoshiharu , Nagayama Toru , Ogawa Akira , Yoshimoto Takashi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
It is well known that moyamoya disease sometimes is accompanied by cerebral aneurysm; however, no case of moyamoya disease with arteriovenous malformation has previously been published. We report such a case. A 33-year-old man suffered from transient left motor weakness and visual disturbance. Plain computed tomography (CT) showed a low density area in the left parietooccipital cortex. Enhanced CT revealed a ribbon-shaped enhanced area in the right temporooccipital cortex and a spotty enhanced area in the right frontal subcortex. Cerebral angiography revealed moyamoya disease. On the basis of Suzuki's angiographic classification, the patient was diagnosed as Stage III. Right carotid angiography revealed an arteriovenous malformation fed by basal moyamoya vessels and draining to the vein of Trolard and the sylvian vein of the right frontal lobe. This arteriovenous malformation consisted of feeders, the nidus, and drainers. Trolard's vein, which was one of the draining veins of the arteriovenous malformation, flowed to the moyamoya vessels of the right parietal vault.