bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of narrative in geography teaching
Authors: McPartland Michael 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis article provides a justification for an increase in the use of narrative as a mode of discourse in the geography classroom. This justification resides in the function of narrative to stimulate the geographical imagination, to act as a vehicle for the transmission of geographical values and to promote geographical knowledge and understanding. With reference to the National Curriculum theme of tectonic processes, it uses the topic of volcanoes both to exemplify the argument and to offer a framework for the inclusion of a stronger narrative dimension in the teaching of the subject.
The contribution of primary school teachers to curriculum planning and development in Iraq
Authors: Al‐Daami Kadhum Khan , Stanley John W. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis article describes the role of primary school teachers in Iraq in connection with curriculum change and development. It identifies the ways in which professional teachers have been faced with increased central control and concludes by responding directly to the Ministry of Education. A survey involving interviews and questionnaires was conducted with primary school teachers of different school location, age, gender, experience, qualifications and subjects taught, and in various school locations. Headteachers and education officials were also interviewed to establish the degree of involvement of primary teachers in their curriculum planning process.
The synergistic effect of bremsstrahlung photons and intense laser radiation on the structural properties of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Hoang , Nguyen Ngoc Trung , Pham Duc Khue , Nguyen Thi Thanh Bao , Phung Viet Tiep , Dao Duy Thang , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Vu Thi Bich 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We present in this paper the influence of a synergistic radiation effect of both bremsstrahlung photons with maximum energy of 60 MeV and intense laser radiation (up to 60 KW
cm
−2) on the structural properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The defect formation (damage) in CNTs under separate irradiations of 60 MeV bremsstrahlung photon or intense laser and their combined irradiations has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results show that (i) our obtained natural CNTs are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a large number of structural defects, which are non-nanotube carbon impurities; (ii) the MWCNTs were not damaged by the irradiations of an intense laser and a bremsstrahlung photon beam with low electron fluency and the irradiation even leads to more purification/ordering; (iii) the reversible modification in non-irradiated and 60 MeV bremsstrahlung photon irradiated MWCNTs with variation of laser power density (LPD) have been received; (iv) the influence on the structural properties of MWCNTs induced by the combined irradiation was greater than the separate irradiation of a 60 MeV bremsstrahlung photon or intense laser radiation. The result also demonstrates that micro-Raman spectroscopy is a valuable, fast and non-destructive tool for the investigation of purification/ordering of CNTs.
Biologically inspired EM image alignment and neural reconstruction
Authors: Knowles-Barley Seymour , Butcher Nancy J. , Meinertzhagen Ian A. , Armstrong J. Douglas 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Three-dimensional reconstruction of consecutive serial-section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM) images of neural tissue currently requires many hours of manual tracing and annotation. Several computational techniques have already been applied to ssTEM images to facilitate 3D reconstruction and ease this burden.
Results: Here, we present an alternative computational approach for ssTEM image analysis. We have used biologically inspired receptive fields as a basis for a ridge detection algorithm to identify cell membranes, synaptic contacts and mitochondria. Detected line segments are used to improve alignment between consecutive images and we have joined small segments of membrane into cell surfaces using a dynamic programming algorithm similar to the Needleman–Wunsch and Smith–Waterman DNA sequence alignment procedures. A shortest path-based approach has been used to close edges and achieve image segmentation. Partial reconstructions were automatically generated and used as a basis for semi-automatic reconstruction of neural tissue. The accuracy of partial reconstructions was evaluated and 96% of membrane could be identified at the cost of 13% false positive detections.
Availability: An open-source reference implementation is available in the Supplementary information.
Contact: seymour.kb@ed.ac.uk; douglas.armstrong@ed.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PREDA: an R-package to identify regional variations in genomic data
Authors: Ferrari Francesco , Solari Aldo , Battaglia Cristina , Bicciato Silvio 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Summary: Chromosomal patterns of genomic signals represent molecular fingerprints that may reveal how the local structural organization of a genome impacts the functional control mechanisms. Thus, the integrative analysis of multiple sources of genomic data and information deepens the resolution and enhances the interpretation of stand-alone high-throughput data. In this note, we present PREDA (Position RElated Data Analysis), an R package for detecting regional variations in genomics data. PREDA identifies relevant chromosomal patterns in high-throughput data using a smoothing approach that accounts for distance and density variability of genomics features. Custom-designed data structures allow efficiently managing diverse signals in different genomes. A variety of smoothing functions and statistics empower flexible and robust workflows. The modularity of package design allows an easy deployment of custom analytical pipelines. Tabular and graphical representations facilitate downstream biological interpretation of results.
Availability: PREDA is available in Bioconductor and at http://www.xlab.unimo.it/PREDA.
Contact: silvio.bicciato@unimore.it
Supplementary information: Supplementary information is available at Bioinformatics online.
DivBayes and SubT: exploring species diversification using Bayesian statistics
Authors: Ryberg Martin , Nilsson R. Henrik , Matheny P. Brandon 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Summary: DivBayes is a program to estimate diversification rates from species richness and ages of a set of clades. SubT estimates diversification rates from node heights within a clade. Both programs implement Bayesian statistics and provide the ability to account for uncertainty in the ages of taxa in the underlying data, an improvement over more commonly used maximum likelihood methods.
Availability: DivBayes and SubT are released as C++ source code under the GNU GPL v. 3 software license in Supplementary information 1 and Supplementary Data, respectively, and at http://web.utk.edu/~kryberg/. They have been successfully compiled on various Linux, MacOS X and Windows systems.
Contact: kryberg@utk.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nearshore, seasonally persistent fronts in sea surface temperature on Red Sea tropical reefs
Authors: Blythe Jonathan N. , da Silva José C. B. , Pineda Jesús 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Blythe, J. N., da Silva, J. C. B., and Pineda. J. 2011. Nearshore, seasonally persistent fronts in sea surface temperature on Red Sea tropical reefs. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1827–1832. Temperature variability was studied on tropical reefs off the coast of Saudi Arabia in the Red Sea using remote sensing from Aqua and Terra satellites. Cross-shore gradients in sea surface temperature (SST) were observed, including cold fronts (colder inshore) during winter and warm fronts (warmer inshore) during summer. Fronts persisted over synoptic and seasonal time-scales and had a periodic annual cycle over a 10-year time-series. Measurements of cross-shore SST variability were conducted at the scale of tens of kilometres, which encompassed temperature over shallow tropical reef complexes and the continental slope. Two tropical reefs that had similar reef geomorphology and offshore continental slope topography had identical cold fronts, although they were separated by 100 km along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Satellite SST gradients across contours of topography of tropical reefs can be used as an index to flag areas potentially exposed to temperature stress.
The ROOT DETERMINED NODULATION1 Gene Regulates Nodule Number in Roots of Medicago truncatula and Defines a Highly Conserved, Uncharacterized Plant Gene Family
Authors: Schnabel Elise L. , Kassaw Tessema K. , Smith Lucinda S. , Marsh John F. , Oldroyd Giles E. , Long Sharon R. , Frugoli Julia A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules in legumes is tightly controlled by a long-distance signaling system in which nodulating roots signal to shoot tissues to suppress further nodulation. A screen for supernodulating Medicago truncatula mutants defective in this regulatory behavior yielded loss-of-function alleles of a gene designated ROOT DETERMINED NODULATION1 (RDN1). Grafting experiments demonstrated that RDN1 regulatory function occurs in the roots, not the shoots, and is essential for normal nodule number regulation. The RDN1 gene, Medtr5g089520, was identified by genetic mapping, transcript profiling, and phenotypic rescue by expression of the wild-type gene in rdn1 mutants. A mutation in a putative RDN1 ortholog was also identified in the supernodulating nod3 mutant of pea (Pisum sativum). RDN1 is predicted to encode a 357-amino acid protein of unknown function. The RDN1 promoter drives expression in the vascular cylinder, suggesting RDN1 may be involved in initiating, responding to, or transporting vascular signals. RDN1 is a member of a small, uncharacterized, highly conserved gene family unique to green plants, including algae, that we have named the RDN family.
Shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules: feasibility in the case of coexistent chronic autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Magri Flavia , Chytiris Spyridon , Capelli Valentina , Alessi Sarah , Nalon Elisa , Rotondi Mario , Cassibba Sara , Calliada Fabrizio , Chiovato Luca 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective  ShearWave™ Elastography (SWE) is real‐time, quantitative and user‐independent technique, recently introduced in the diagnostic work‐up of thyroid nodules. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), characterized by variable degrees of lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis, might affect shear wave propagation. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of SWE in cytologically benign thyroid nodules within both Hashimoto’s and nonautoimmune thyroid glands. The effect of autoimmunity on the gland stiffness was also evaluated.Design  longitudinal study in a single centre.Patients  SWE was performed in 75 patients with a benign thyroid nodule at cytology: 33 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT group) and 42 with uni‐ or multi‐nodular goitre, negative for thyroid autoimmunity (non‐HT group).Results  The elasticity index (EI) of the extra‐nodular tissue was greater, though not statistically significant, in the HT than in the non‐HT group (24·0 ± 10·5 kPa vs 20·8 ± 10·4 kPa; P = 0·206). However, the EI of extra‐nodular tissue was related to the TPOAb titre in the HT group (P = 0·02) and was significantly higher in patients with HT receiving L‐thyroxine than in the euthyroid subjects (P = 0·02). The EI of thyroid nodules was similar in HT and non‐HT groups. In both groups, the stiffness of nodules was significantly higher than that of the embedding tissue.Conclusions  Our data indicate that SWE correctly defines the elasticity of thyroid nodules independently from the coexistence of autoimmune thyroiditis, always being able to differentiate nodular tissue from the surrounding parenchyma. In HT, the stiffness of extra‐nodular tissue increases in relation to both the thyroid antibody titre and the degree of impairment of thyroid function.
The impact of sea‐level rise onSnowyPlovers inFlorida: integrating geomorphological, habitat, and metapopulation models
Authors: Aiello‐Lammens Matthew E. , Chu‐Agor Ma. Librada , Convertino Matteo , Fischer Richard A. , Linkov Igor , Resit Akçakaya H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSea‐level rise (SLR) is a projected consequence of global climate change that will result in complex changes in coastal ecosystems. These changes will cause transitions among coastal habitat types, which will be compounded by human‐made barriers to the gradual inland migration of these habitat types. The effect of these changes on the future viability of coastal species will depend on the habitat requirements and population dynamics of these species. Thus, realistic assessments of the impact ofSLRrequire linking geomorphological models with habitat and population models. In this study, we implemented a framework that allows this linkage, and demonstrated its feasibility to assess the effect ofSLRon the viability of theSnowyPlover population inFlorida. The results indicate thatSLRwill cause a decline in suitable habitat and carrying capacity for this species, and an increase in the risk of its extinction and decline. The model projected that the population size will decline faster than the area of habitat or carrying capacity, demonstrating the necessity of incorporating population dynamics in assessing the impacts ofSLRon coastal species. The results were most sensitive to uncertainties in survival rate and fecundity, and suggested that future studies on this species should focus on the average and variability of these demographic rates and their dependence on population density. The effect ofSLRon this species’ viability was qualitatively similar with most alternative models that used the extreme values of each uncertain parameter, indicating that the results are robust to uncertainties in the model.
Inter‐observer reproducibility and analysis of gastric volume measurements and gastric emptying assessed with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Fruehauf H. , Menne D. , Kwiatek M. A. , Forras‐Kaufman Z. , Kaufman E. , Goetze O. , Fried M. , Schwizer W. , Fox M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides direct, non‐invasive measurements of gastric function and emptying. The inter‐observer variability (IOV) of MR volume measurements and the most appropriate analysis of MR data have not been established. To assess IOV of total gastric volume (TGV) and gastric content volume (GCV) measurements from MR images and the ability of standard power exponential (PowExp), and a novel linear exponential (LinExp) model to describe MR data.Methods  Ten healthy volunteers received three different volumes of a liquid nutrient test meal (200–800 mL) on 3 days in a randomized order. Magnetic resonance scans were acquired using a 1.5T system every 1–5 min for 60 min. Total gastric volume and GCV were measured independently by three observers. Volume data were fitted by PowExp and LinExp models to assess postprandial volume change and gastric emptying half time (T50).Key Results  An initial rise in GCV and TGV was often observed after meal ingestion, thereafter GCV and TGV decreased in an approximately linear fashion. Inter‐observer variability decreased with greater volumes from 12% at 200 mL to 6% at 600 and 800 mL. Inter‐observer variability for T50 was <5%. PowExp and LinExp models provided comparable estimates of T50; however, only LinExp described dynamic volume change in the early postprandial period.Conclusions & Inferences  Gastric MR provides quantitative measurements of postprandial volume change with low IOV, unless the stomach is nearly empty. The novel LinExp model describes the dynamic volume changes in the early postprandial period more accurately than the PowExp model used in existing gastric emptying studies.
Effects of dietary fat levels on nutrient digestibility and production performance of growing‐furring blue foxes (Alopex lagopus)
Authors: Geng Y.Y. , Yang F. H. , Xing X.M. , Gao X.H. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine whether nutrient digestibility and production performance of growing‐furring blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) are affected by different dietary fat levels. Sixty‐four young animals were randomly assigned to four groups (A, B, C, D) provided with diets containing approximately 12%, 26%, 40%, 54% fat in the dry matter respectively. When dietary fat level was increased, the apparent digestibility of main nutrients except for crude carbohydrates, and gross energy were improved (p < 0.0001). The amount of nitrogen excreted was reduced and the biological value of protein was enhanced (p < 0.0001). Over the experimental phase, the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) used for gain in group B (26% fat content) was higher than that in other groups. When diets with 12–26% fat content were fed, there was an increasing tendency in skin size. But it had negative effects on skin size and fur quality when the amount of fat content was over 40%. In conclusion, the experiment showed that dietary fat could significantly improve some nutrient utilization and significantly reduce feed/gain ratio as a main energy source. The most preferable fur quality and efficiency of ME used for gain were obtained when diet contained 26% fat level in growing‐furring period.
The effect of depurinized milk draught diet on rat serum uric acid, lipid status and haematological parameters
Authors: Kocic G. , Pavlovic R. , Nikolic G. , Stojanovic D. , Jevtovic T. , Sokolovic D. , Cencic A. , Stojanovic S. , Jelic M. , Zivanovic S. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryHyperuricaemia and gout are closely related, but hyperuricaemia is an independent risk factor for endothelial damage, autoinflammation and haemodynamic abnormalities. Milk, generally known as a ‘purine‐free diet’, is an essential protein source for patients suffering from hyperuricaemia and gout. As milk still contains different purine ribonucleotides, the new product, depurinized milk, almost free of purine nucleotides and uric acid, was produced. The potential effect of depurinized milk diet on serum uric acid (SUA) level, lipid parameters and blood haematological parameters was explored in rats after 72 h and 15 days, in relation to standard laboratory chow or the untreated milk diet. The beneficial effect on SUA was achieved when depurinized milk draught was given instead of standard chow for 72 h [28.39 ± 4.76 μm; p < 0.001 vs. standard diet (STD) 47.6 ± 6.12, vs. untreated milk diet 31.55 ± 8.50; p < 0.05] or as a supplement for STD for 15 days experiment (35.38 ± 6.40 μm; p < 0.05 vs. STD only 48.05 ± 4.32; vs. untreated milk + STD 46.02 ± 9.48). Depurinized milk diet significantly decreased the low density lipoproteins/high density lipoproteins (LDL/HDL) ratio (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.05) and leucocyte count (p < 0.001), while both milk draughts enhanced haemoglobin concentration (p < 0.01). In conclusion, considering the detrimental effect of persisting hyperuricaemia, the depurinized milk draught may meet the demand of healthy dairy product for population under hyperuricaemic risk.
Deconstructing child and adolescent mental health: questioning the‘taken‐for‐granted’…
Authors: Bradley Stephen K , Carter Bernie 
Published: July 2011

BRADLEY SK and CARTER B. Nursing Inquiry 2011; 18: 303–312 Deconstructing child and adolescent mental health: questioning the ‘taken‐for‐granted’…We present a critical deconstructive reading, seeking to problematise ‘taken‐for‐granted’ assumptions in child and adolescent mental health (CAMH). The start point for this critical reading is conventional ‘history‐telling’ within CAMH. The aim is not to take issue with the detail in such histories but to critically examine the texts, so as to highlight constructions that structure the presentation of conventional histories and possible purposes that such constructions may serve. The argument is that such conventional histories leave key questions not just unanswered, but unconsidered – a tendency that can be seen throughout the CAMH literature more generally. Therefore, we then pursue critical discussion of how ‘taken‐for‐granted’ constructions of CAMH enabled psychiatry to successfully expand its power and influence to establish hegemony over ‘problem children’. We do not claim any closure to this critical reading; that is, we do not claim that our critical deconstructive reading is the only reading possible. Similarly, it is not presented in any sense as ‘final word’. Rather our hope for this work is that it might stimulate readers to question the ‘taken‐for‐granteds’ that we present, and indeed others that they might identify themselves. In so doing, it is our hope that creative dialogue might ensue.
Accuracy of Two Stereolithographic Surgical Templates: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cassetta Michele , Giansanti Matteo , Di Mambro Alfonso , Calasso Sabrina , Barbato Ersilia 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: The use of computer software and stereolithography for dental implant therapy has significantly increased during the last few years. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the mean accuracy and maximum deviations values of dental implant placement using two stereolithographic (SLA) guide systems.Materials and Methods: Twenty patients were selected and 227 implants were inserted using bone‐, tooth‐ and mucosa‐supported SLA surgical guides. Thirty‐one guides, both single‐ and multiple‐type, were used. Some of the single‐type surgical guides were fixed with osteosynthesis screws. A postoperative computer tomography (CT) was performed and an iterative closest point algorithm was used to match the jaw of the CT preoperative with the jaw of the postoperative CT. Quantitative data of each group were described. The t‐test was used to determine the influence of the utilization of the different types of SLA on accuracy values.Results: t‐Test demonstrated a better accuracy of the multiple‐type guides in almost all deviation values when the mucosa‐supported guides were considered. Regarding the bone‐supported template, the single‐type fixed group showed a better accuracy while the highest values of deviation were registered by the multiple‐type guides. The single‐type group showed a better accuracy when the tooth support was considered.Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated best accuracy of the single‐type guide using a bone or tooth support. The multiple‐type guide recorded the best accuracy data when the mucosa support was considered comparing either a fixed and a not‐fixed single‐type guide.
Carboxylate and aromatic active‐site residues are determinants of high‐affinity binding of ω‐aminoaldehydes to plant aminoaldehyde dehydrogenases
Authors: Kopečný David , Tylichová Martina , Snegaroff Jacques , Popelková Hana , Šebela Marek 
Published: July 2011

The crystal structures of both isoforms of the aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase from pea (PsAMADH) have been solved recently [Tylichováet al. (2010) J Mol Biol396, 870–882]. The characterization of the PsAMADH2 proteins, altered here by site‐directed mutagenesis, suggests that the D110 and D113 residues at the entrance to the substrate channel are required for high‐affinity binding of ω‐aminoaldehydes to PsAMADH2 and for enzyme activity, whereas N162, near catalytic C294, contributes mainly to the enzyme’s catalytic rate. Inside the substrate cavity, W170 and Y163, and, to a certain extent, L166 and M167 probably preserve the optimal overall geometry of the substrate channel that allows for the appropriate orientation of the substrate. Unconserved W288 appears to affect the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate amino group through control of the substrate channel diameter without affecting the reaction rate. Therefore, W288 may be a key determinant of the differences in substrate specificity found among plant AMADH isoforms when they interact with naturally occurring substrates such as 3‐aminopropionaldehyde and 4‐aminobutyraldehyde.