bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of oral and parenteral ketoprofen in lactating cows with endotoxin‐induced acute mastitis
Authors: Banting A. , Banting S. , Heinonen K. , Mustonen K. 
Published: October 2010

One hind quarter of 27 healthy lactating cows was infused with 100 μgEscherichia coliendotoxin. Two hours later, nine of the cows were given physiological saline by intramuscular injection, nine were given 4 mg/kg ketoprofen orally, and nine were given 3 mg/kg ketoprofen by intramuscular injection. Ketoprofen administered either orally or parenterally significantly reduced the effect of the endotoxin on rectal temperature, ruminal contractions and respiratory rate. The size of the udder, the signs of pain and the concentrations of thromboxane B2′, especially in plasma, were also reduced, and the appearance of their milk was almost normal. The response of cows to the oral treatment was as rapid as it was to intramuscular treatment.
B‐mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography of the milk vein in 29 healthy Swiss braunvieh cows
Authors: Braun U. , Hoegger R. 
Published: October 2010

The morphology and diameter of the milk vein of 29 healthy Swiss braunvieh cows and the velocity of blood flow through it was measured by colour Doppler ultrasonography before and 10 minutes after they had been sedated with 0·03 mg/kg xylazine. The milk vein was situated immediately under the skin. It had a diameter of 0·8 to 1·6 cm and valves were visible in the milk vein of 12 of the cows. The spectral display appeared as a broad band structure with a wave‐like course. The Doppler measurement point was 0·4 to 0·8 cm from the body surface. The diameter of the vein and the blood flow velocity did not differ significantly before and after the cows were sedated. The mean (sd) diameter of the milk vein before they were sedated was 1·3 (0·3) cm. The mean maximum blood flow velocity before they were sedated was 45·4 (12·5) cm/second, the mean velocity was 33·5 (9·5) cm/second, and the mean minimum was 25·8 (11·6) cm/second. There were significant correlations between the blood flow velocities before and after the cows were sedated and between individual cow's blood flow velocities, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0·69 to 0·94.
Evaluation of indirect biomarkers for detecting corticosteroids used as illegal growth promoters in beef cattle
Authors: Vascellari M. , Pozza G. , Poppi L. , Capello K. , Angeletti R. , Ravarotto L. , Andrighetto I. , Mutinelli F. 
Published: October 2010

The histological status of the thymus, blood cortisol concentration and circulating neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were evaluated in 349 slaughtered beef cattle, to assess the potential of these parameters as indirect biomarkers of the illegal use of corticosteroids in meat production. The livers of 20 of the animals were analysed chemically for residues of corticosteroids. The morphology of the thymus was examined for adipose tissue infiltration, cortical atrophy and ‘starry sky’ appearance, and on the basis of these characteristics, the animals were considered to be negative, suspected or positive for illegal corticosteroid treatment. The animals considered to be negative had a mean cortisol concentration that was significantly higher (29 ng/ml) than that of the animals suspected for corticosteroid treatment (22 ng/ml). Using the chemical analysis as the gold standard for identifying illegally treated animals, the histological examination of the thymus had a sensitivity of 100 per cent and a specificity of 85 per cent. The samples that were positive by chemical analysis had cortisol concentrations of less than 2·0 ng/ml, whereas the mean cortisol concentration of the negative samples was 10·3 ng/ml.
Estimating the risk of exposure of British livestock to foot‐and‐mouth disease associated with the importation of ship and aircraft waste
Authors: Adkin A. , England T. , Hall S. , Coburn H. , Marooney C. J. , Seaman M. , Cooper J. , Hartnett E. 
Published: October 2010

A quantitative risk assessment model was developed to estimate the frequency with which meat waste from ships or aircraft might expose British livestock to infection with foot‐and‐mouth disease (fmd), and investigate the factors that might contribute to the risk. In the model, the total weight of waste introduced that was contaminated with fmd was estimated to be 26 kg per year, with 90 per cent certainty that it would be between 10 and 53 kg. As a result, it was estimated that there would be a mean of 1429 years between outbreaks of fmd due to ship and aircraft waste, with a 90 per cent certainty that the interval would be between 500 and 10,000 years. These estimates were affected by three principal uncertainties: first, the prevalence of fmd; secondly, the probability of the waste being removed and fed to pigs; and thirdly, the probability that overboard dumping of contaminated waste might expose livestock to fmd. The effect of these uncertainties on the model was investigated in a sensitivity analysis.
Glucagon stimulation test for estimating endogenous insulin secretion in dogs
Authors: Fall T. , Holm B. , Karlsson Å. , Ahlgren K. M. , Kämpe O. , von Euler H. 
Published: October 2010

Fifty‐one dogs (27 diabetic dogs, four that had recovered from diabetes and 20 healthy control dogs) were given 0·5 or 1·0 mg glucagon intravenously. Blood samples were taken before the injection and 10 and 20 minutes after it. Samples were analysed to determine C‐peptide, insulin and glucose concentrations, and one sample from each dog was analysed for fructosamine. The median (interquartile range) concentrations of C‐peptide in the samples taken at 10 minutes were 0·5 (0·3 to 0·8) nmol/l in the control dogs, 0·1 (0 to 0·2) nmol/l in the diabetic dogs, and 0·3 (0·2 to 0·4) nmol/l in the dogs that had recovered from diabetes. Seven of the 51 dogs showed mild adverse reactions after the injection of glucagon.
Effect of muscle injection site on preanaesthetic sedation in dogs
Authors: Self I. A. , Hughes J. M. L. , Kenny D. A. , Clutton R. E. 
Published: October 2010

The demeanour of 122 dogs was assessed, and a mixture of 0.025 mg/kg acepromazine and 03 mg/kg morphine was injected intramuscularly into one of four randomly assigned muscle sites (cervical epaxial, triceps brachii, middle gluteal and quadriceps femoris) and the dogs’ reactions to the injections were assessed. The development of sedation and the occurrence of side effects were assessed after 10, 20 and 30 minutes, and each dog’s reaction to venous catheterisation was scored. All the dogs became similarly sedated after 30 minutes. The degree of sedation and the incidence of side effects were independent of the injection site, but the dogs receiving intragluteal injections had lower sedation scores after 10 minutes. The dogs’ demeanour had no effect on their response to venous catheterisation. The dogs receiving an injection into the postural quadriceps and triceps muscles showed more marked reactions than those injected into the non‐postural cervical epaxial and gluteal muscles.
Prevalence, distribution and pathological significance of the bile fluke Pseudamphistomum truncatum in Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in Great Britain
Authors: Simpson V. R. , Tomlinson A. J. , Molenaar F. M. 
Published: October 2010

Postmortem examinations on 160 otters found dead in Great Britain from 2005 to 2007 showed a high prevalence of infection with the bile fluke Pseudamphistomum truncatum in otters from Somerset and Dorset but no infection in otters from other areas, including Cornwall, the western half of Devon, northeast England and Scotland. Cases were also recorded for the first time in Gloucestershire and East Anglia. Eighteen of the 28 infected otters were male and no cubs were infected, but there was no significant correlation between infection status and sex or age. There was a strong positive correlation between bile fluke infection and gall bladder pathology. Thirty otters had thickened gall bladders resulting from hyperplasia of the epithelial and smooth muscle layers, fibrosis and infiltration by inflammatory cells and 19 of these were infected. No flukes were detected in the other 11 otters with abnormal gall bladders, possibly as a result of a successful immune response. The majority of otters with thickened gall bladders were in good physical condition but a positive association was not confirmed statistically. Fluke infection was also detected in nine of the 130 otters with apparently normal gall bladders. Liver pathology ranged from mild bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis to severe sclerosing cholangitis, hepatocyte necrosis and bile stasis. No otters were found to have died as a result of fluke infection, but there was a negative association, approaching significance, between infection and body condition.
Systematic review of the management of canine osteoarthritis
Authors: Sandersoln R. O. , Beata C. , Flipo R‐M. , Genevois J‐P. , Macias C. , Tacke S. , Vezzoni A. , Innes J. F. 
Published: October 2010

This review assesses the evidence for the efficacy of therapies used in the management of osteoarthritis in dogs on the basis of papers published in peerreviewed journals in English between 1985 and July 2007. Sixty‐eight papers were identified and evaluated. They considered four alternative therapies, one use of functional food, two intra‐articular agents, six nutraceutical agents, 21 pharmacological agents, two physical therapies, three surgical techniques and two combinations of weight control. There was a high level of comfort (strong evidence) for the efficacy of carprofen, firocoxib and meloxicam, and a moderate level of comfort for the efficacy of etodolac in modifying the signs of osteoarthritis. There was a moderate level of comfort for the efficacy of glycosaminoglycan polysulphate, licofelone, elk velvet antler and a functional food containing green‐lipped mussel for the modification of the structures involved in the disease. There was weak or no evidence in support of the use of doxycycline, electrostimulated acupuncture, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, gold wire acupuncture, hyaluronan, pentosan polysulphate, P54FP (extract of turmeric), tiaprofenic acid or tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from 20 calves after storage for 24 hours
Authors: D'Angelo A. , Miniscalco B. , Bellino C. , Bormida S. , Borrelli A. , Maurella C. , Riondato F. , Biolatti C. , Cagnasso A. 
Published: October 2010

Samples of CSF collected from 20 normal healthy calves were analysed either immediately or after having been stored for 24 hours at 4°C in the presence of 11 per cent autologous serum. There were no significant differences between the total and differential cells counts of the fresh and stored samples, but there was a positive linear correlation between them. There were some morphological changes to the nuclei of the mononuclear cells in the stored samples.
Induction of anaesthesia with either midazolam or propofol in rabbits premedicated with fentanyl/fluanisone
Authors: Martinez M. A. , Murison P. J. , Love E. 
Published: October 2010

Fifty‐four rabbits that were to be neutered were premedicated with 0.1 ml/kg fentanyl/fluanisone and then randomly allocated to be anaesthetised with either midazolam or propofol. Anaesthesia was then maintained with isoflurane. The ease of orotracheal intubation, the rabbits' cardiorespiratory variables, and the speed and quality of recovery from anaesthesia were assessed by the same anaesthetist who was unaware of the induction agent used. Hypotension was common in both groups. The mean (sd) respiratory rates were 30 (12) breaths per minute in the midazolam group and 43 (15) breaths per minute in the propofol group. The mean (sd) time to first head lift was 36 (21) minutes in the midazolam group and 14 (11) minutes in the propofol group, and the mean (sd) times to the return of the righting reflex were 35 (19) minutes and 15 (eight) minutes, respectively. The quality of recovery was better in the propofol group than in the midazolam group.
Analysis of Pan‐European attitudes to the eradication and control of bovine viral diarrhoea
Authors: Heffernan C. , Misturelli F. , Nielsen L. , Gunn G. J. , Yu J. 
Published: October 2010

At present, national‐level policies concerning the eradication and control of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) differ widely across Europe. Some Scandinavian countries have enacted strong regulatory frameworks to eradicate the disease, whereas other countries have few formal policies. To examine these differences, the attitudes of stakeholders and policy makers in 17 European countries were investigated. A web‐based questionnaire was sent to policy makers, government and private sector veterinarians, and representatives of farmers' organisations. In total, 131 individuals responded to the questionnaire and their responses were analysed by applying a method used in sociolinguistics: frame analysis. The results showed that the different attitudes of countries that applied compulsory or voluntary frameworks were associated with different views about the attribution or blame for BVD and the roles ascribed to farmers and other stakeholders in its eradication and control.
Noise levels in lairages for cattle, sheep and pigs in abattoirs in England and Wales
Authors: Weeks C. A. , Brown S. N. , Warriss P. D. , Lane S. , Heasman L. , Benson T. 
Published: October 2010

Levels of sound intensity were measured over periods of 24 hours in 34 abattoir lairages in England and Wales. The mean integrated range in 12 cattle lairages was 52 to 79 dB(A), in 11 sheep lairages, 45 to 76 dB(A) and in 11 pig lairages, 46 to 87 dB(A). In general, the pig lairages were the noisiest, with spot peak recordings of up to 110 dB(A). Typically, the sound intensities in all the lairages were 10 to 20 dB(A) higher during the working day than at night. In many sheep lairages, high intensities of sound were recorded frequently throughout the night, but others were very quiet, below 40 dB(A). Vocalisations were the major sources of noise in the pig and cattle lairages, but there were variations between them. There were high intensities of sound from handling systems (80 to 90 dB[A]), and ventilating fans (70 to 80 dB[A]).
Autologous bone marrow‐derived cells for healing excisional dermal wounds of rabbits
Authors: Borena B. M. , Pawde A. M. , Amarpal  , Aithal H. P. , Kinjavdekar P. , Singh R. , Kumar D. 
Published: October 2010

The wound‐healing potential of autologous bonemarrow‐derived nucleated cells was evaluated infull‐thickness skin wounds in the thoracolumbarregion of 20 clinically healthy rabbits. Three woundsof 2 x 2 cm, one on the left side and two right of themidline, were created on the dorsal lumbar regionof each rabbit under xylazine‐ketamine anaesthesia.The wounds of each animal were randomly assignedto one of three treatments: injection of autologousbone marrow‐derived cells into wound margins (BI),topical application of bone marrow‐derived cellsover the wound surface (BT) or 5 per cent povidoneiodine solution (PI) (control). Wounds were observedfor 28 days for granulation tissue formation, woundcontraction, histomorphological and histochemicalevaluation, and time to complete healing. The mean(se) time to appearance of granulation tissue wassignificantly less in BI‐treated wounds (3·22 [0·22] days)than the BT‐treated (3·89 [0·40] days) and PI‐treated(4·89 [0·47] days) groups. On days 14 and 21 aftersurgery, wound contraction was significantly (P<0·05)higher in BI‐treated wounds (73·00 and 97·35 per cent)than in those treated with BT (58·75 and 84·87 per cent)and PI (54·84 and 84·60 per cent). Histomorphologicalfindings showed an earlier disappearance ofinflammatory reaction, better epithelialisation,significantly more neovascularisation, more fibroplasiaand collagenation, and earlier histological maturation inBI‐ and BT‐treated wounds than in control wounds.
Effects of the administration of oxytocin or carbetocin to dairy cows at parturition on their subsequent fertility
Authors: Barrett A. J. , Murray R. D. , Christley R. M. , Dobson H. , Smith R. F. 
Published: October 2010

A total of 501 dairy cows were allocated sequentially to be treated immediately after parturition with either 25 iu oxytocin or 35 mg carbetocin, or to be left untreated. Any abnormal parturition, including assisted calving, the birth of twins or dead calves, retained fetal membranes or hypocalcaemia, was recorded, and the cows were examined between 28 and 42 days after calving for endometritis. Pregnancy was diagnosed from 30 days after insemination. The incidence of endometritis was similar (14 per cent, 16 per cent and 19 per cent) and the median intervals from calving to pregnancy were similar (118, 121 and 119 days) for the cows treated with oxytocin, carbetocin or receiving no treatment, respectively. The incidence of endometritis and the median intervals from calving to pregnancy were also similar between the groups for the cows that had an abnormal parturition.
Treatment of fractures of the tibial and/or fibular malleoli in 30 cats
Authors: Roch S. P. , Störk C. K. , Gemmill T. J. , Downes C. , Pink J. , McKee W. M. 
Published: October 2010

Five cats were treated for a fracture of the medial malleolus, 10 for a fracture of the lateral malleolus and 15 for fractures of both malleoli. Open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires (K‐wires) with or without a tension band wire was applied to 26 of the fractures. Unilateral‐uniplanar or bilateral‐uniplanar transarticular external skeletal fixators were applied to provide coaptation in 19 cases and appeared to be well tolerated. In 24 cases fracture healing was assessed radiographically between four and eight weeks after treatment. In seven cases fracture healing was good, in 12 cases it was reasonable, in four cases it was poor and in one case with two fractures healing was poor in one and reasonable in the other. The 12 fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with K‐wires and a tension band wire all showed evidence of good or reasonable healing. The nine fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with K‐wires without a tension band wire showed evidence of good or reasonable healing in six cases and poor healing in three cases. Complications occurred in nine of the cats and included persistent talocrural instability, soft tissue necrosis, implant migration and external fixator pin breakage. Twenty‐one of the cats were followed up by telephone questionnaire for between 5·5 and 84 months; the owner satisfaction was excellent in 17 cases, good in two cases, moderate in one case and poor in one case.
Effects of glycosaminoglycan polysulphate on the organisation of collagen fibres in experimentally induced tendonitis in horses
Authors: Moraes J. R. E. , Facco G. G. , Moraes F. R. , Engracia Filho J. R. , Miyazato L. G. , Beretta D. C. 
Published: October 2010

An inflammatory process was induced by intratendinous injection of bacterial collagenase into the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of the left thoracic limb of 10 horses. One week later, the tendons in five of the horses (group 1) were treated with glycosaminoglycan polysulphate (GAGPS), and the tendons of the other five (group 2) were treated with saline solution. The horses were euthanased 150 days after the collagenase injections, and samples of the SDFTs were frozen at — 14°C, sectioned at 5 to 7 μm longitudinally and transversely, and stained by the picrosirius red method. Morphometric analysis was used to quantify the organised and disorganised bundles of collagen in the samples from groups 1 and 2. Significantly more organised bundles of collagen were observed in the tendons treated with GAGPS.
Detection by real‐time RT‐PCR of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves vaccinated intranasally
Authors: Belloc C. , Guattéo R , Bareille N. , Seegers H. , Assié S. , Douart A. , Le Dréan E. , Maingourd C. , Sellal E. 
Published: October 2010

Seventeen four‐ to five‐week‐old calves that were not shedding bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were vaccinated intranasally against the disease and sampled by nasal swabbing on 16 different days for up to 20 days after vaccination. BRSV vaccine virus was detected in 15 of the 17 calves. Five of the calves were PCR positive on only one swab, eight were PCR positive on two to five swabs and two were PCR positive on more than five swabs. Twelve of the calves were positive only before day 14 and three were positive after day 14. The nasal shedding of BRSV vaccine virus was very variable.
Attitudes of veterinary students to pain in cattle
Authors: Kielland C. , Skjerve E. , Zanella A. J. 
Published: October 2010

Three hundred veterinary students were divided randomly into two groups to answer a questionnaire inquiring how painful they considered 23 conditions affecting cattle (seven of which were illustrated) to be, on either a numerical rating scale (NRS) or a visual analogue scale (VAS). The individual responses were used to assess whether cluster analysis could be used to divide the population into distinct groups. The ratios of men to women in the two groups were similar. The NRS scores ranged from 1 to 10 and the VAS scores ranged from 0 to 10. The conditions that were illustrated with a picture had a wider range of scores (2·65 to 9·0 v 2·67 to 7·93) and a slightly higher mean score (5·71 v 5·34) than those without pictures. Fracture of the tuber coxae, dystocia requiring the help of two people, and serious mastitis, were scored as the most painful conditions in adult cattle. Using the median score of each student as an outcome, their sex and year of enrolment and the scoring scale were significant. Women scored 0·9 points higher than men. Cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups in both the VAS and NRS, but the distribution was more even among the students using the VAS. This group was used in further analysis, and one cluster had the most men and more students with several siblings.
Evaluation of the safety of four porcine circovirus type 2 tissue homogenate vaccines in a pig bioassay
Authors: Baker R. B. , Madson M. , Patterson R. , Opriessnig T. 
Published: October 2010

Ten four‐week‐old porcine circo virus type 2 (PCV‐2) naive piglets were housed individually in a HEP Afiltered isolator and were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups. Each of the two pigs in groups 1 to 4 received two intramuscular doses of 2 ml of one of four different autogenous tissue homogenate vaccines (THVs) 14 days apart, and the other two pigs received 2 ml of PCV‐2 virus or sterile phosphate buffered saline. When the piglets were euthanased 14 days after the second dose, the injection sites were grossly and microscopically free of swelling, an inflammatory response or abscesses. The positive control pig, one of the two pigs in the THV‐2 group and both pigs in the THV‐3 group became viraemic. The PCV‐2 DNA from the positive control pig and the pigs in the THV‐3 group was identical to the PCV‐2 DNA that they had been administered.
Oral selamectin in the treatment of canine generalised demodicosis
Authors: Schnabl B. , Bettenay S. , Glos N. , Linek M. , Loewenstein C. , Mueller R. S. 
Published: October 2010

The success rates and adverse effects of a selamectin spot‐on preparation, given orally weekly or every other week, against canine generalised demodicosis were evaluated in 44 dogs, 39 with juvenile‐onset demodicosis and five with adult‐onset demodicosis. The dogs received selamectin at a dose of 24 to 48 mg/kg once a week, or the same dose every two weeks. Thirty‐eight dogs completed the study, four dogs were lost to follow‐up and two dogs died. Nine dogs went into remission: all had the juvenile‐onset form of the disease. There was no difference between the two treatment groups, but dogs with clinical scores of 65 or less responded significantly better than those with a score of over 65 (P=0.0015). The most frequent adverse effects were vomiting and diarrhoea. Two dogs exhibited mild reversible neurological side effects, which resolved with cessation of treatment. Difficulties in oral administration were observed in several dogs.