bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The non‐display of authentic distress: public‐private dualism in young people’s discursive construction of self‐harm
Authors: Scourfield Jonathan , Roen Katrina , McDermott Elizabeth 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article draws from focus groups and interviews investigating how young people talk about self‐harm. Some of the research participants had personal experience of self‐harm but this was not a prerequisite for their inclusion in the study. Thematic coding was used initially to organise and give an overview of the data, but the data were subsequently analysed using a discourse analytic approach. The article focuses on the young people’s constructions of deliberate self‐harm such as ‘cutting’. Throughout the focus groups and interviews, a dichotomy was set up by the young people between authentic, private self‐harm which is rooted in real distress (and warrants a sympathetic response) and public, self‐indulgent attempts to seek attention. This dualistic construction is discussed in some detail and located in various socio‐cultural contexts. It is argued that the dualism illustrates contemporary ambivalence about mental health and youth.
‘Building rapport’ with customers across the world: The global diffusion of a call centre speech style1
Authors: Hultgren Anna Kristina 
Published: February 2011

This paper identifies a particular ‘rapport‐building’ speech style prescribed to call centre workers in four countries – Denmark, Britain, Hong Kong and the Philippines – irrespective of the language being spoken in the service interaction. It then compares Danish and British call centre workers’ compliance with the prescribed speech style and finds that Danish workers adhere significantly less to it than their British counterparts. It is suggested that this is attributable to the predominance of different politeness norms in the two cultures. The paper then discusses the indexicality of the prescribed speech style and argues that it is more commercially than culturally marked, despite the American origin of call centres. Overall, the paper draws attention to inadequacies in the paradigm focusing on the global spread of English, while lending support to recent theoretical suggestions to focus instead on how practices and styles are exported globally and potentially independently of language.Denne artikel identificerer en særlig ‘relationsskabende’ samtalestil som foreskrives til callcentermedarbejdere i fire lande – Danmark, Storbritannien, Hong Kong og Filippinerne – uafhængigt af hvilket sprog der benyttes i serviceinteraktionen. Herefter bliver danske og engelske callcentermedarbejderes brug af den foreskrevne samtalestil sammenlignet, og det vises at danske medarbejdere gør signifikant mindre brug af den end deres britiske modparter. Det foreslås at dette skyldes at der råder forskellige høflighedsnormer i de to kulturer. Artiklen diskuterer derefter indeksikaliteten af den foreskrevne samtalestil, og argumenterer for at den i højere grad er kommercielt end kulturelt kodet, på trods af callcentres amerikanske oprindelse. I sin helhed gør artiklen opmærksom på utilstrækkeligheder i det paradigme der fokuserer på hvordan engelsk breder sig globalt, mens den underbygger nylige teoretiske forslag om i stedet at fokusere på hvordan praksisser og stile eksporteres globalt og potentielt set uafhængigt af sprog.
Is primary melanoma ulceration a factor of good response to adoptive immunotherapy?
Authors: Peuvrel L. , Nguyen J.M. , Khammari A. , Quereux G. , Brocard A. , Dreno B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  Primary melanoma ulceration is a factor of poor prognosis at the local and regional stage. The physiopathological mechanisms which explain its prognostic impact are still little known. However, two recent studies suggest that it could be a predictive factor of good response to a non‐specific immunotherapy (interferon‐alpha) and to an active immunotherapy (vaccine).Objective  The aim of this study was to determine whether ulceration could be a factor of good prognosis in the context of an adoptive immunotherapy with tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in stage III regional lymph node metastatic melanoma (sixth American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system) and whether it was associated with an improvement in the effectiveness of this treatment compared with the control group.Methods  We have included all the patients treated in open prospective randomized TIL vs. control protocols in our unit from 1997 to 2009. Clinical data were derived retrospectively from patient files. Statistical analysis was performed using log‐rank tests, Cox models and tests for interaction.Results  A total of 144 patients were included. In the group of 80 patients treated with TIL, primary melanoma ulceration remained a pejorative factor for relapse‐free and overall survival in univariate and multivariate analysis. The presence of ulceration did not change the effectiveness of TIL treatment in comparison with the control group with regards to relapse‐free and overall survival.Conclusion  Our study demonstrates that primary melanoma ulceration does not have any impact on the response to TIL adoptive immunotherapy and thus does not confirm its positive prognostic value suggested by two other immunotherapy approaches.
Ear, nose and throat involvement in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: correlation with severity, phenotype and disease activity
Authors: Kavala M. , Altıntaş S. , Kocatürk E. , Zindancı İ. , Can B. , Ruhi Ç. , Turkoglu Z. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common clinical form of pemphigus that is characterized by easily ruptured or loose bulla formation on skin and/or mucosa. The frequency of the ear, nose and throat involvement of PV is not clearly defined.Objectives  To evaluate the frequency of ear, nose and throat (ENT) involvement in patients suffering from PV who had been recently diagnosed or exacerbated under follow up and to determine the association with ENT symptoms, clinical involvement, severity and duration of pemphigus vulgaris.Materials and Methods  The study group included a total of 38 PV patients comprising 24 new patients and 14 patients who showed exacerbations while on complete remission or under treatment. All patients were asked about ENT symptoms and endoscopic examination were performed to evaluate the presence of nasal, pharynx, larynx and ear involvement.Results  Of the 38 patients, 33 (87%) had active PV lesions on endoscopic evaluation. Twenty‐five patients (66%) had lesions on pharynx, twenty‐one (55%) on larynx, twenty‐nine (76%) on nasal mucosa and four (10%) on the ear mucosa. ENT involvement was not associated with the severity and the clinical involvement of the disease. Pharyngeal and nasal involvement was significantly associated with symptoms, while laryngeal and ear involvement was not found to be significantly associated with symptoms. Nasal and ear involvement was not associated with the duration of the disease while pharyngeal and laryngeal involvement favored newly diagnosed patients.Conclusions  Our results revealed that high number of patients with PV may present with active ENT lesions, furthermore patients with ear, nose and throat involvement may be asymptomatic and active lesions may be found in patients without any ENT symptoms. Therefore it should be considered that to understand the real extent of PV involvement, endoscopic ENT evaluation should be performed in patients with or without symptoms.
The levels of adiponectin and leptin and their relation to other markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Kaur S. , Zilmer K. , Leping V. , Zilmer M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  A link between psoriasis and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is supposed. Adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) playing roles in inflammation as well as lipid metabolism could have impact on CVD.Objectives  We investigated links between adiponectin and leptin levels and several inflammation‐ and oxidative stress‐related CVD risk makers in patients with psoriasis.Methods  Sixty patients with plaque‐type psoriasis with normal total cholesterol levels belonging to three body mass index (BMI) categories: BMI < 24.9, BMI 25.0–29.9 and BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 were studied. Fasting blood samples were analysed for adiponectin, leptin, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), oxidized LDL/β2‐glycoprotein complexes (oxLDL‐β2‐GPI) and standard blood lipid panel.Results  In patients, adiponectin was negatively (P < 0.005), and leptin, oxLDL and oxLDL‐β2‐GPI levels were positively correlated to BMI (P < 0.005, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). Patients had higher hsCRP and IL‐6 levels as compared with the endemic reference values. High adiponectin was strongly associated with higher TNF‐α and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001), and lower triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.01) as well as oxLDL‐β2‐GPI levels (P < 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, the association for TNF‐α and TG remained significant (P < 0.01 for both). Multiple regression analysis also revealed that leptin concentration was significantly associated with hsCRP, oxLDL and TG levels.Conclusion  The data suggest that in addition to the strong effect of inflammation and LDL oxidation, adipokine level may be one of the mechanisms behind the close association between psoriasis and CVD. Given the significant relations of several markers with BMI, health consequences of excessive weight should be better communicated to patients with psoriasis.
Lipid levels in patients with lichen planus: a case–control study
Authors: Arias‐Santiago S. , Buendía‐Eisman A. , Aneiros‐Fernández J. , Girón‐Prieto M.S. , Gutiérrez‐Salmerón M.T. , García‐Mellado V. , Cutando A. , Naranjo‐Sintes R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  Cardiovascular risk factors have been assessed with some skin diseases such as alopecia and psoriasis. Recently, a case–control study found that lichen planus (LP) was associated with dyslipidaemia in a large series of patients. However, no data were presented about lipid values in patients and controls.Objective  The objective of this case–control study was to evaluate lipid levels in men and women with lichen planus and in healthy controls, excluding lichenoid drug eruption and treatment for LP such as systemic corticosteroids, retinoid acid or methotrexate.Patients and methods  This case–control study included 160 patients, 80 with LP (40 men and 40 women) and 80 controls consecutively admitted to the outpatient clinic in Dermatology department of San Cecilio Hospital, Granada, Spain.Results  Patients with LP presented higher significant triglycerides values (145.9 vs. 101.5 mg/dL P = 0.0007), total cholesterol values (197.7 vs. 178.4 mg/dL P = 0.001), LDL‐C values (120.8 vs. 100.9 mg/dL P < 0.0001) and lower HDL‐C values (55.3 vs. 61.9 mg/dL P = 0.004) vs. controls. Adjusted OR for dyslipidaemia in patients with LP was 3.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.49–6.17, P = 0.002).Conclusion  The results obtained in this study indicate an association between LP and dyslipidaemia. Lipid levels screening in men or women with LP may be useful to detect individuals at risk and start preventive treatment against the development of cardiovascular disease.
Treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis with infliximab: a randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Bissonnette R. , Poulin Y. , Guenther L. , Lynde C.W. , Bolduc C. , Nigen S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  Palmoplantar psoriasis is a difficult to treat variant of plaque psoriasis.Objective  To study the safety and efficacy of infliximab in non‐pustular palmoplantar psoriasis.Methods  Patients with non‐pustular palmoplantar psoriasis affecting at least 10% of their palms and soles and with a modified palmoplantar psoriasis area and severity index (m‐PPPASI) of at least eight were recruited. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive infliximab 5 mg/kg or placebo at weeks 0, 2 and 6. Patients initially randomized to placebo received infliximab at weeks 14, 16 and 20 whereas patients randomized to infliximab received additional infliximab infusions every 8 weeks until week 22.Results  Twenty four (24) patients were randomized in this study. At week 14, 33.3% and 66.7% of patients treated with infliximab achieved m‐PPPASI 75 and m‐PPPASI 50 respectively compared to 8.3% for both m‐PPPASI 75 (P = 0.317) and m‐PPPASI 50 (P = 0.009) for patients randomized to placebo. A reduction of 50.3% in the mean surface area of palms and soles affected with psoriasis was seen at week 14 in patients randomized to infliximab as compared to an increase of 14.9% in patients randomized to placebo (P = 0.009).Conclusions  This pilot study did not reach its primary endpoint of m‐PPPASI 75 at week 14. However, infliximab was observed to be more efficacious than placebo in improving PPSA and with respect to the percentage of patients reaching m‐PPPASI 50 at week 14. Larger and longer term studies are needed for severe patients to better assess the efficacy of infliximab in palmoplantar psoriasis.
Prevalence and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis in Chinese patients with psoriasis
Authors: Yang Q. , Qu L. , Tian H. , Hu Y. , Peng J. , Yu X. , Yu C. , Pei Z. , Wang G. , Shi B. , Zhang F. , Zhang Y. , Zhang F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  The prevalence and clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in patients with psoriasis vary widely in different countries and studies on Chinese population are rarely reported.Objective  The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of PsA in a Chinese population of patients with psoriasis.Methods  A large cross‐sectional observational study was conducted in our outpatient dermatology department and consecutive psoriatic patients were evaluated for PsA according to Classification of Psoriatic arthritis (CASPAR) criteria. Demographic and medical parameters were recorded.Results  Among 1928 patients with psoriasis, 112 patients (5.8%) had PsA, of which 92% was newly diagnosed. Oligoarthritis (48.2%) was the most common manifestation pattern, followed by spondylitis (26.8%), polyarthritis (19.6%) and classic distal interphalangeal (DIP) arthritis (5.4%). Enthesitis was present in 26.8% and dactylitis in 13.4% of the patients. Compared with patients without PsA, patients with PsA had more severe skin disease (mean PASI 9.7 vs. 6.0), higher frequency of nail changes (46.4% vs. 21.0%) and scalp involvement (90.2% vs. 76.4%).Conclusion  The findings are consistent with a low prevalence of PsA among patients with psoriasis in Asia and confirm a high percentage of undiagnosed cases with active arthritis among PsA patients in dermatologist’s office. Dermatologists should screen for PsA in their patients, especially those with risk characteristics and early signs.
The decrease of pigment concentration in red tattooed skin years after tattooing
Authors: Lehner K. , Santarelli F. , Penning R. , Vasold R. , Engel E. , Maisch T. , Gastl K. , König B. , Landthaler M. , Bäumler W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  Tattooing entails the injection of high amounts of colourants into skin. Excepting black inks, red azo pigments are the most frequent colourant used. Part of the pigment is transported away via lymphatic system. Another part can be decomposed in skin, which might be responsible for many known adverse skin reactions.Objective  The aim of this study was to estimate the extent of decomposition and transportation by measuring the decrease of pigment concentration in human skin under in vivo conditions.Methods  Red pigments were extracted from nine tattooed skin specimen and attempted quantification by using HPLC technology. To optimize quantification, we synthesized five common red azo pigments with purity at 98% and used them as HPLC reference substances.Results  In five of the nine skin specimens, we were able to identify and subsequently to quantify the red tattoo pigments such as Pigment Red 22 or Pigment Red 112. The mean pigment concentration in skin was 0.077 ± 0.046 mg/cm². As the pigment concentration in skin ranges from 0.60 to 9.42 mg/cm² (mean: 2.53) directly after tattooing, we estimate a decrease of 87 to 99% of pigment concentration in skin after tattooing.Conclusion  Millions of people have many and large tattoos, whereas a single tattoo frequently covers a skin area of more than 300 cm². Thus, the major part of more than 760 mg of azo pigments either decomposes in skin or migrates in the body. That may pose a health risk on tattooed individuals, in particular may cause severe skin reactions.
Conservation implications of inaccurate estimation of cryptic population size
Authors: Katzner T. E. , Ivy J. A.R. , Bragin E. A. , Milner‐Gulland E.J. , DeWoody J. A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEstimating population size is central to species‐oriented conservation and management. However, in spite of recent development in monitoring protocols, there are gaps in our ability to accurately and quickly estimate numbers of individuals present, especially for the cryptic and often non‐breeding components of structured vertebrate populations. Yet knowing the size and growth trajectory of all stage classes of a population is critical for species conservation. Here we use data from 2 years of non‐invasive genetic sample collection from the cryptic, non‐breeding component of an endangered bird of prey population to evaluate the impact of variability in population estimates on demographic models that underpin conservation efforts. A single non‐invasive sample collection in 2003 conclusively identified 47 individual non‐breeding imperial eagles, 2.8 times more than were visually counted. In 2004, our comprehensive genetic and observational analyses determined that 414 imperial eagles (n=308 non‐breeders+68 territory holders+38 chicks) were present. This estimate was 326% larger than the 127 birds visually observed (n=21 non‐breeders+68 territory holders+38 chicks) and 265% larger than the population size predicted by demographic models with the same number of breeders (n=156±7.2;±se). Our study builds on a body of work that demonstrates that conventional visual estimation of cryptic components of structured populations may not always be effective. Furthermore, we show that reliance on those estimates can result in inaccuracies in the demographic models that are often the foundation for subsequent conservation action.
Correcting Away the Hidden Heritability
Authors: Williams Scott M. , Haines Jonathan L. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryIn the age of high‐density genome‐wide association (GWAS) data, correcting for multiple comparisons is a substantial issue for genetic epidemiological studies. However, the current manuscript review process generally requires both stringent correction and independent replication. The result of this stringency is that studies that are published suffer from inflated Type 2 error rates (false negatives), thereby removing many likely real signals from follow‐up. Elimination of these alleles, if they are truly associated, from further study will slow research progress in studies of complex disease. We argue that this method of correction is overly conservative, especially in an age when high‐density follow‐up experiments are possible and reasonably inexpensive.
What to do in the face of multiple threats? Incorporating dependencies within a return on investment framework for conservation
Authors: Evans Megan C. , Possingham Hugh P. , Wilson Kerrie A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAim Our study aimed to determine priority areas for conservation investment with explicit consideration of the impacts of multiple threatening processes, and the dependencies that exist between actions required to abate these threats.Location Australia.Methods We analysed the return on investment for two different management actions aimed at reducing the impact of invasive species on the native fauna and flora of Australia. We focussed on the management of the European red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) at two spatial scales: across 72 biogeographic regions of Australia and within one high‐priority biogeographic region. We considered each action independently and also explicitly accounted for the option of an integrated fox and rabbit management action. We accounted for the spatial distributions of the threatened species within our analysis and determined how this refined spatial information influenced both the priority areas and the timing of this investment.Results Integrated fox and rabbit management was identified as a higher priority than singular threat abatement in most bioregions, whereas rabbit control alone was the most frequent priority if dependencies between actions were ignored. At the regional scale, funding was entirely directed to integrated action when seven or more species within the priority region were impacted by more than one threat. The total allocation of funding and timing of initial investment remained relatively insensitive to differences in the spatial overlap of species distributions.Main conclusions Our findings indicate that prioritizing conservation actions without explicit consideration of the impacts of multiple threats can reduce the cost‐effectiveness of investments. The benefits expected from investment in abating one threat alone may be overestimated where other processes continue to threaten species persistence. We conclude that future attention should be directed to refining our understanding of the cost‐efficiencies delivered through integrated actions and institutional mechanisms to achieve their delivery.
Trait‐based risk assessment for invasive species: high performance across diverse taxonomic groups, geographic ranges and machine learning/statistical tools
Authors: Keller Reuben P. , Kocev Dragi , Džeroski Sašo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAim Trait‐based risk assessment for invasive species is becoming an important tool for identifying non‐indigenous species that are likely to cause harm. Despite this, concerns remain that the invasion process is too complex for accurate predictions to be made. Our goal was to test risk assessment performance across a range of taxonomic and geographical scales, at different points in the invasion process, with a range of statistical and machine learning algorithms.Location Regional to global data sets.Methods We selected six data sets differing in size, geography and taxonomic scope. For each data set, we created seven risk assessment tools using a range of statistical and machine learning algorithms. Performance of tools was compared to determine the effects of data set size and scale, the algorithm used, and to determine overall performance of the trait‐based risk assessment approach.Results Risk assessment tools with good performance were generated for all data sets. Random forests (RF) and logistic regression (LR) consistently produced tools with high performance. Other algorithms had varied performance. Despite their greater power and flexibility, machine learning algorithms did not systematically outperform statistical algorithms. Geographic scope of the data set, and size of the data set, did not systematically affect risk assessment performance.Main conclusions Across six representative data sets, we were able to create risk assessment tools with high performance. Additional data sets could be generated for other taxonomic groups and regions, and these could support efforts to prevent the arrival of new invaders. Random forests and LR approaches performed well for all data sets and could be used as a standard approach to risk assessment development.