bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐throughput bioanalytical platform using automated infusion for tandem mass spectrometric method optimization and its application in a metabolic stability screen
Authors: Kieltyka Kasia , Zhang Jun , Li Shu , Vath Marianne , Baglieri Chris , Ferraro Cheryl , Zvyaga Tatyana A. , Drexler Dieter M. , Weller Harold N. , Shou Wilson Z. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLiquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) is the bioanalytical method of choice to support plate‐based, in vitro early ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) screens such as metabolic stability (Metstab) assessment. MS/MS method optimization has historically been the bottleneck in this environment, where samples from thousands of discrete compounds are analyzed on a monthly basis, mainly due to the lack of a high‐quality commercially available platform to handle the necessary MS/MS method optimization steps for sample analysis by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) on triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. To address this challenge, we recently developed a highly automated bioanalytical platform by successfully integrating QuickQuan™ 2.0, a unique high‐throughput solution featuring MS/MS method optimization by automated infusion, with a customized in‐house software tool in support of a Metstab screen. In this platform, a dual‐column setup running parallel chromatography was also implemented to reduce the bioanalytical cycle time for LC/MS/MS sample analysis. A set of 45 validation compounds was used to demonstrate the speed, quality and reproducibility of MS/MS method optimization, sample analysis, and data processing using this automated platform. Metstab results for the validation compounds in microsomes from multiple species (human, rat, mouse) showed good consistency within each batch, and also between batches conducted on different days. We have achieved and maintained a monthly throughput of 1300 compound assays representing 500 discrete compounds per instrument per month on this platform, and it has been used to generate metabolic stability data for more than 25 000 compounds to date with an overall success rate of more than 95%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doping control analysis for adrafinil and its major metabolites in human urine
Authors: Lu Jianghai , Wang Xiaobing , Yang Shuming , Liu Xin , Qin Yang , Shen Li , Wu Yun , Xu Youxuan , Wu Moutian , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new and reliable two‐step liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the screening and confirmation of adrafinil and its major metabolites, modafinil and modafinil acid, in human urine has been developed and validated. The method involved reversed‐phase C18 solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge extraction and MS analysis by means of LC/MS/MS and GC/MS. The study illustrated that the ESI capillary temperature played a key role in the formation of the protonated molecule. The limits of detection (LODs) of the developed method for the three compounds were lower than the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). The human urine samples obtained after the oral administration of modafinil and from the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games were analyzed by using the described method, which has also been successfully applied to routine analyses and the WADA Proficiency Test. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precise and fast secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling of polymer materials with large Ar cluster ion beams
Authors: Ninomiya Satoshi , Ichiki Kazuya , Yamada Hideaki , Nakata Yoshihiko , Seki Toshio , Aoki Takaaki , Matsuo Jiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe demonstrate depth profiling of polymer materials by using large argon (Ar) cluster ion beams. In general, depth profiling with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) presents serious problems in organic materials, because the primary keV atomic ion beams often damage them and the molecular ion yields decrease with increasing incident ion fluence. Recently, we have found reduced damage of organic materials during sputtering with large gas cluster ions, and reported on the unique secondary ion emission of organic materials. Secondary ions from the polymer films were measured with a linear type time‐of‐flight (TOF) technique; the films were also etched with large Ar cluster ion beams. The mean cluster size of the primary ion beams was Ar700 and incident energy was 5.5 keV. Although the primary ion fluence exceeded the static SIMS limit, the molecular ion intensities from the polymer films remained constant, indicating that irradiation with large Ar cluster ion beams rarely leads to damage accumulation on the surface of the films, and this characteristic is excellently suitable for SIMS depth profiling of organic materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beginning teachers moving toward effective elementary science teaching
Authors: Davis Elizabeth A. , Smithey Julie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe use a 10‐year program of research centered on iterations of one elementary science methods course as a vehicle for exploring three important and interrelated goals for the learning of beginning elementary teachers. These include learning about inquiry‐oriented science teaching, using science curriculum materials effectively, and anticipating and working with students' ideas in instruction. For each goal we discuss how the literature informs our thinking, describe relevant aspects of our design of the course, and present findings of our research with regard to preservice teachers' experiences in and learning from aspects of the course. For each goal, we also highlight examples from our longitudinal work following the preservice teachers into their early years as elementary teachers, to provide a glimpse of teachers' trajectories related to each of the themes. We close with a discussion of implications for research and practice in elementary science teacher education. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:745–770, 2009
Principled reasoning about problems of practice
Authors: Mikeska Jamie N. , Anderson Charles W. , Schwarz Christina V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe elementary science teacher educators in this article set recognize the challenges that new science teachers face when they enter classrooms. They have developed frameworks and strategies aimed at helping the preservice teachers with whom they work become “well‐started beginners” who are ready to address problems of science teaching. To do so, these educators purposefully engage the candidates in focused dialogue regarding challenges or problems of practice that they will likely face in their work. These challenges include (1) engaging in science, (2) organizing instruction, and (3) understanding students. The science teacher educators use a dialogic third space to help the preservice teachers reconsider and develop deeper understandings of these problems of practice. In this introduction, we point out some of the common themes that tie these articles together, including (a) a focus on problems of practice in elementary science teaching, (b) a focus on dialogue with preservice teachers about these problems of practice, (c) a commitment to developing tools and approaches that support principled reasoning about these problems of practice, and (d) a commitment to shared goals and methods for research on elementary science teacher education. We point to ways that these themes are addressed in the three articles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:678–686, 2009
Developing preservice elementary teachers' knowledge and practices through modeling‐centered scientific inquiry
Authors: Schwarz Christina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPreservice elementary teachers face many challenges in learning how to teach science effectively, such as engaging students in science, organizing instruction, and developing a productive learning community. This paper reports on several iterative cycles of design‐based research aimed at fostering preservice teachers' principled reasoning around these problems of practice through modeling‐centered scientific inquiry. The first design cycle introduced preservice teachers to modeling and simulation software tools in an effort to advance their understanding of science and technology; the second used an instructional framework embodying modeling‐centered inquiry to advance their views of effective science teaching and their lesson‐planning practices; the third engaged preservice teachers in analyzing and modifying curriculum materials using reform‐based criteria to foster effective curriculum materials use. Outcomes from these iterations indicate that the preservice teachers were most likely to advance their knowledge and practices within a coherent approach that focused on a core scientific practice such as modeling‐centered inquiry, provided opportunities to unpack and apply robust tools such as reform‐based instructional frameworks, and addressed their perceived problems of practice. The findings from this set of approaches are compared to others in an effort to point toward promising future directions for effective science teacher education. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:720–744, 2009
Comparison of two parameter choice methods for the extraction of depth profiles by means of a regularized multipoint profile model from ARXPS data obtained on a three‐component system
Authors: Paynter R. W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPolystyrene films were exposed to nitrogen plasmas for periods up to 8 min. Angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed the presence of oxygen and nitrogen in the surface due to the plasma treatment. The depth profiles of these adatoms were determined by fitting a regularized multipoint linear segment model to the data. A regularization parameter chosen such that the chi‐square statistic of the fit to the data was equal to the number of independent data points gave a more intuitive result than a parameter chosen according to the L‐curve criterion. Although the shape of the nitrogen depth profile was observed to vary as a function of the plasma duration, the oxygen depth profiles were nearly identical. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amifostine protection against induced DNA damage in γ‐irradiated Escherichia coli cells depend on recN DNA repair gene product activity
Authors: Almeida Eliseo , Fuentes Jorge Luis , Cuetara Elizabeth , Prieto Elio , Llagostera Montserrat 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAmifostine is the most effective radioprotector known and the only one accepted for clinical use in cancer radiotherapy. In this work, the antigenotoxic effect of amifostine against γ‐rays was studied in Escherichia coli cells deficient in DNA damage repair activities. Assays of irradiated cells treated with amifostine showed that the drug reduced the genotoxicity induced by radiation in E. coli wild‐type genotypes and in uvr, recF, recB, recB‐recC‐recF mutant strains, but not in recN defective cells. Thus, the mechanism of DNA protection by amifostine against γ‐radiation‐induced genotoxicity appears to involve participation of the RecN protein that facilitates repair of DNA double‐strand breaks. The results are discussed in relation to amifostine's chemopreventive potential. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Accumulation of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum Philippi, 1845, in an oceanic island (Tenerife, Canary Islands)
Authors: Hernández Ofelia Dolores , Gutiérrez Ángel José , González‐Weller Dailos , Lozano Gonzalo , Melón Enrique García , Rubio Carmen , Hardisson Arturo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis document shows the results obtained from a study on the concentration of toxic heavy metals in the internal tissue and exoskeleton of sea urchins, collected from their natural habitat. The levels of lead and cadmium were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in the internal tissue were 304.04 and 260.54 μg/kg respectively, whereas in the shell they were 185.02 and 142.48 μg/kg. We also performed a statistical analysis of the differences in the distribution of metals between their exoskeleton and their internal content, a correlation study of the metal content in internal tissue and shell and sampling areas, and a correlation study between the metal content and sample size. Since the sea urchin Diadema antillarum presents a wide range of variation in metal content, this study suggests that this species is an excellent bioindicator of heavy metal contamination. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Malathion‐induced oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells
Authors: Moore Pamela D. , Yedjou Clement G. , Tchounwou Paul B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMalathion is an organophosphate pesticide that is known for its high toxicity to insects and low to moderate potency to humans and other mammals. Its toxicity has been associated with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, leading to the interference with the transmission of nerve impulse, accumulation of acetylcholine at synaptic junctions, and subsequent induction of adverse health effects including headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, and miosis. Oxidative stress (OS) has been reported as a possible mechanism of malathion toxicity in humans. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the role of OS in malathion‐induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. To achieve this goal, MTT, lipid peroxidation, and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assays were performed, respectively, to evaluate the levels of cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and DNA damage in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Study results indicated that malathion is mitogenic at lower levels of exposure, and cytotoxic at higher levels of exposure. Upon 48 h of exposure, the average percentages of cell viability were 100% ± 11%, 117% ± 15%, 86% ± 15%, 35% ± 9%, and 27% ± 7% for 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mM, respectively. In the lipid peroxidation assay, the concentrations of MDA produced were 12.55 ± 0.16, 20.65 ± 0.27, 31.1 ± 0.40, 34.75 ± 0.45, and 15.1 ± 0.20 μM in 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mM malathion, respectively. The Comet assay showed a significant increase in DNA damage at the 24 mM malathion exposure. Taken together, our results indicate that malathion exposure at higher concentrations induces cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells, and its toxicity may be mediated through OS as evidenced by a significant production of MDA, an end product of lipid peroxidation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2010.
Investigation of the dynamic mechanical behavior of polypropylene/(wood flour)/(kenaf fiber) hybrid composites
Authors: Ghasemi Ismail , Azizi Hamed , Naeimian Navid 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPolypropylene/(wood flour)/(kenaf fiber) hybrid composites were prepared in an internal mixer. Kenaf was considered as a fibrous filler and wood flour as a particulate filler. The lignocellulosic loading used was 50%. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis properties such as storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), damping factor (tan δ), and adhesion factor were evaluated. It was found that the adhesion factor could interpret the interfacial adhesion between lignocellulosic fillers and the plastic matrix macroscopically. This factor was affected by the type of filler used and the coupling agent concentration. The variation of storage modulus was affected more by the shape of the filler and the coupling agent concentration at higher temperatures than at temperatures below the glass transition. Owing to a higher probability of agglomeration in a sample containing 50 wt% of wood flour, the storage modulus and complex viscosity of this sample were higher than those of other samples. Cole‐Cole diagrams showed that the homogeneity of samples containing a higher amount of coupling agent was higher than that of samples with a lower concentration. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of nanoclay and additives on the fusion characteristics and thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) nanocompounds
Authors: Moghri Mehdi , Akbarian Masis 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effects of varying amounts of organically modified nanoclay (NC), calcium stearate (Ca.St.), stearic acid (St.Ac.), and an impact modifier (IM) on the fusion characteristics of a rigid Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanocompound were investigated by using the L9 orthogonal method of experimental design. The materials showed varying effects on the fusion parameters. Thus, while the fusion time was lowered and the fusion factor increased by NC, Ca.St., and IM, the reverse was true with St.Ac. Effects on the minimum and maximum viscosities of formulations also varied with material type. The behavior of the materials is discussed in terms of their effects on the transformation of PVC grains. Thermal stability and color change were sensitive to NC content. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Incidence, clinical presentation and pathological features of benign sclerosing cholangitis of unknown origin masquerading as biliary carcinoma
Authors: Fujita Takeo , Kojima Motohiro , Gotohda Naoto , Takahashi Shinichiro , Nakagohri Toshio , Konishi Masaru , Ochiai Atsushi , Kinoshita Taira 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundBenign obstructions of the liver hilum are occasionally encountered in surgically resected cases. Some of these cases are pathologically classified as benign sclerosing cholangitis and are not clearly categorized. This study aims to elucidate the clinicopathological features of benign sclerosing cholangitis of unknown origin.MethodsPatients who had undergone surgery of the proximal bile duct from 1993 to 2008 on suspicion of proximal bile carcinoma were evaluated, then their clinical presentation, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐six patients underwent surgery during this period. Of these, five patients were diagnosed with benign sclerosing cholangitis of unknown origin. All five patients were middle‐aged with no history of autoimmune disease. One patient died of recurrent cholangitis after surgery. Histopathologically, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations were observed in all five cases. Among them, the clinicopathological findings of one patient were compatible with IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis, and the other two patients had unusual histopathological findings with prominent lymph follicular formation.ConclusionsAlthough patients with benign sclerosing cholangitis of unknown origin comprise a heterogeneous population, they can be further classified into subgroups. The response to immunosuppressive therapy, long‐term prognosis and histological morphology of the disease should be considered in order to classify these cases of sclerosing cholangitis.
Effect of the Presence and Absence of Potatoes under Repeated Frying Conditions on the Composition of Palm Oil
Authors: Kalogianni Eleni P. , Karastogiannidou Calliope , Karapantsios Thodoris D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effect of repeated deep frying of potatoes versus repeated heating/quenching on the chemical profile of palm oil was investigated. The novelty of the work is that the frying and heating/quenching experiments were conducted under similar time‐temperature profiles. The effects of the frying load (potato‐to‐oil ratio: 1/7 and 1/35 kgpotatoes/loil) and of the time‐temperature profile were examined. Whole palm oil and its polar fraction were analyzed using high pressure size exclusion chromatography. Both repeated frying and repeated heating/quenching generated polar and polymerization products in palm oil. Interestingly, no hydrolysis or other decomposition products were generated under any of the examined conditions. The presence of potatoes during frying in palm oil increased the concentration of polymerization products and polar compounds compared to oils without potatoes significantly. The effects of frying load on oil quality depended on frying time. No significant effect of frying load was observed up to frying times of 13 h (or 10 frying batches). However, frying oil quality was affected by frying load once frying times exceeded 24 h (or 20 batches).
Urinary Peptidomic Analysis Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Acute Rejection of Renal Transplantation
Authors: Sigdel Tara K. , Ling Xuefeng B. , Lau Ken H. , Li Li , Schilling James , Sarwal Minnie M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Human urine is a complex matrix of proteins, endogenous peptides, lipids, and metabolites. The level of any or all of these components can reflect the pathophysiological status of an individual especially of the kidney at the time of urine collection. The naturally occurring endogenous urinary peptides which are thought to be the product of several proteolytic and degradation processes may provide clinically useful biomarkers for different renal and systemic diseases.

Materials and Methods
To examine if specific differences in the urinary peptidome (<10 kDa) occur at the time of acute renal transplant rejection (AR), we undertook a study of urine samples collected from biopsy-proven AR (n = 10), stable graft function (n = 10), and healthy normal control (n = 10). The peptides (<10 kDa) were extracted and fractionated with high-performance liquid chromatography followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometric (MS) analysis.

Results
We identified 54 endogenous peptides, including multiple peptides for Tamm–Horsfall protein (UMOD). A panel of peptides are identified which discriminate renal transplant patients with AR from stable graft. We have shown that liquid chromatography followed by MALDI is a useful tool to identify potential biomarkers, which after verification with larger patient cohort can be used as a non-invasive monitoring tool for renal transplant rejection.
Thy‐1+ cells isolated from adult human testicular tissues express human embryonic stem cell genes OCT3/4 and NANOG and may include spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nagao Koichi , Nakajima Koichi , Miura Kazukiyo , Ishii Nobuhisa 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeSpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are self‐renewing cells whose progeny are committed to differentiate into spermatozoa; this is a life‐long process in male mammals. There are several methods for obtaining enriched populations of mouse SSCs, and immunological separation using surface antigens is a commonly used technique. The study of human SSCs is much less advanced.MethodsWe used biopsied human testicular tissues [obstructive azoospermia patients (n = 5) and patients who underwent a testis biopsy as part of an evaluation for infertility (n = 7)] to obtain Thy‐1+ cells. Thy‐1—a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol‐anchored surface antigen—is a marker uniquely expressed on SSCs that is used to isolate SSC‐enriched cell populations in mice. The Thy‐1+ cells from human testicular tissues were cultured in a basic system consisting of serum‐free medium and mitotically inactivated STO (SIM mouse embryo‐derived thioguanine‐ and ouabain‐resistant) cell feeders with added growth factors: glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and GDNF‐family receptor α1 (GFRα‐1).ResultsThe Thy‐1+ cells were maintained in vitro using this system for 1 week. The Thy‐1+ cells expressed OCT3/4 and alkaline phosphatase, like mouse SSCs. They also expressed NANOG. Thy‐1+ cells injected into nude mice did not cause tumor formation over a period of at least 6 months.ConclusionsThese results support the possibility that the Thy‐1+ cell population included human SSCs, and that Thy‐1 may be a marker for human SSCs.