bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of plant residues on growth of mycorrhizal seedlings of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)
Authors: Monte Júnior Inácio P , Maia Leonor C , Silva Fábio SB , Cavalcante Uided MT 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Owing to its multiple uses in veterinary medicine, biofertilizers, pest control, etc., the commercial cultivation of neem (Azadirachta indica) has been increasing in various countries. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant by‐products (composted leaves and residues of neem and sugarcane) for the propagation of seedlings can be an efficient alternative to stimulate plant growth, reducing the propagation time and conferring increased tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore this study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant substrates and inoculation with AMF on the production of neem seedlings.RESULTS: Beneficial effects of the application of neem by‐products to neem seedlings were observed on most of the variables analysed. However, the treatment with sugarcane cake did not improve the growth of neem seedlings. In general, the inoculation treatments using Glomus etunicatum in the composted neem substrates improved seedling growth.CONCLUSION: Neem by‐products benefit the growth of seedlings of this plant under greenhouse conditions. Inoculation with G. etunicatum enhances plants growth mainly in substrates with residues of neem leaves, providing an alternative for the production of seedlings of this crop under nursery conditions, which can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers that impact the environment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Down‐regulated SPARCL1 is associated with clinical significance in human gastric cancer
Authors: Li Ping , Qian Jianxin , Yu Guanzhen , Chen Ying , Liu Ke , Li Jie , Wang Jiejun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroudSPARC‐like protein 1 (SPARCL1), a member of extracelluar matrix glycoprotein, is involved in many physiological functions.MethodsTissue microarray (TMA) blocks were constructed based on 1,072 Chinese patients, containing both gastric cancer (GC) tissues and adjacent normal mucosa tissues. We analyzed the expression of SPARCL1 from both mRNA and protein level, using Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), semi‐quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blotting. Loss of heterozygosity analysis at the SPARCL1 gene locus was carried out using ten paired tumor and matched normal tissues.ResultsSPARCL1 mRNA was significantly reduced in tumor specimens compared with normal tissues. Down‐regulation of SPARCL1 protein was detected in 413 cases (38.7%) of 1,072 primary gastric tumor tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated that SPARCL1‐positive patients had better median survival time than SPARCL1‐negative patients (59 months vs. 28 months, P = 0.001). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that SPARCL1 was an independent prognostic factor in gastric adenocarcinoma patients with no metastasis and well/moderately differentiated. The incidence of LOH for each individual marker was 12.5% (1/8) for D4S2462, 20% (2/10) for D4S2929, and 33.3% (3/9) for SPARCL1.ConclusionsOur study revealed the clinical significance of SPARCL1 expression, providing a basis that the loss of SPARCL1 is a negative event in GC progression and prognosis. Furthermore, SPARCL1 protein might be considered to be a potential differentiation marker. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:31–37. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New hierarchically porous titania monoliths for chromatographic separation media
Authors: Hasegawa George , Morisato Kei , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Nakanishi Kazuki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSeparation media based on hierarchically porous titania (TiO2) monoliths for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been successfully fabricated by the sol–gel process of titanium alkoxide in a mild condition utilizing a chelating agent and mineral salt. The as‐gelled TiO2 monoliths were subjected to a simple solvent exchange process from ethanol (EtOH) to H2O followed by drying and calcination. The resultant monolithic TiO2 columns consist of anatase crystallites with the typical specific surface area of more than 200 m2/g. The resultant monolithic TiO2 column calcined at 200 and 400°C exhibited a good separation performance for organophosphates as well as for polar benzene derivatives in the normal‐phase mode.
PTSD and alcohol use after the World Trade Center attacks: A longitudinal study
Authors: Boscarino Joseph A. , Kirchner H. Lester , Hoffman Stuart N. , Sartorius Jennifer , Adams Richard E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractResearch suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased alcohol use, but the findings have not been consistent. We assessed alcohol use, binge drinking, and psychotropic medication use longitudinally in 1,681 New York City adults, representative of the 2000 census, 2 years after the World Trade Center attacks. We found that, with the exception of a modified CAGE Questionnaire index for alcohol, alcohol use showed a modest increase over time and was related to PTSD symptoms, with an increase of about 1 more drink per month for those with PTSD, even though overall levels appeared to be within the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's safe range. Psychotropic medication use followed a similar trend; those with PTSD used psychotropics about 20 more days over the past year than those without. Because the study analyses adjusted for key psychosocial variables and confounders, it is not clear if the increased alcohol use following trauma exposure is associated with self‐medication of PTSD symptoms, whether increased alcohol use prior to exposure is a risk for delayed‐onset PTSD, or whether a third unmeasured variable is involved. Further research is warranted.
Cognitive and emotional contributors to intimate partner violence perpetration following trauma
Authors: Marshall Amy D. , Robinson Lara R. , Azar Sandra T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractExposure to potentially traumatic events often leads to a wide range of interpersonal difficulties, including the perpetration of intimate partner violence. Maladaptive, threat‐relevant thoughts and beliefs regarding the trauma or its sequelae can play an important role in a person's emotional and behavioral responses. Among 185 trauma‐exposed study participants who were currently in an intimate relationship, levels of maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions were associated with the perpetration of psychological aggression and physical violence in their current relationships. These links were mediated by misappraisal of anger in auditory emotion stimuli and emotion‐regulation deficits. Results support a cognitive model of posttraumatic pathology, with implications for clinical intervention and a broad conceptualization of the effects of trauma.
Reactions to trauma research among women recently exposed to a campus shooting
Authors: Fergus Thomas A. , Rabenhorst Mandy M. , Orcutt Holly K. , Valentiner David P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSubjective and objective reactions to writing and reading a narrative of their experiences after having been recently exposed to a campus shooting were examined in 58 women. Posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety symptoms, and physical exposure to the shooting were considered in relation to laboratory indices. The latter used a multimethod approach to index distress; these included subjective (self‐report) and objective (heart rate, skin conductance, and cortisol) components. Consistent with prior research, reports of symptoms were significantly positively correlated with subjective distress (r ranged from .35 to .45), but only posttraumatic stress symptoms uniquely predicted subjective distress in regression analyses (partial r = .33). Objective distress, however, was not significantly related to any participant measure. Finally, a clear majority (85%) of participants reported they would participate in the study again. Points of convergence and divergence with prior studies are discussed.
New Alternating Copolymers of 3,6‐Carbazoles and Dithienylbenzothiadiazoles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Photovoltaics
Authors: Berton Nicolas , Ottone Chiara , Labet Vanessa , de Bettignies Rémi , Bailly Séverine , Grand André , Morell Christophe , Sadki Saïd , Chandezon Frédéric 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThree new low‐bandgap copolymers containing 3,6‐linked carbazole units are synthesized and characterized using a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques and DFT calculations. The electron‐withdrawing effect of the BTD units leads to a significant decrease of the optical bandgap from 2.59 eV for PBTC to 1.81 eV for PCDTBT, whereas pendant octyl chains on the thiophene ring lead to an increase of the gap to 2.05 eV for PCDOTBT due to steric hindrance. PBTC:PCBM photovoltaic devices exhibit a PCE of 0.35% with an EQE reaching 35% in the blue region of the solar spectrum whereas PCDTBT:PCBM blends are efficient over a wider spectral range due to the lower bandgap of PCDTBT.magnified image
Low‐Stress Hyperbranched Polymer/Silica Nanostructures Produced by UV Curing, Sol/Gel Processing and Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Geiser Valérie , Leterrier Yves , Månson Jan‐Anders E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNanocomposite materials based on a HBP and silica are produced using either a dual‐cure sol/gel and photopolymerization process or by mixing silica nanoparticles with the HBP. In both cases the conversion of the HBP is independent of composition and obeys a time‐intensity superposition with power‐law dependence on UV intensity. Optimization of the dual‐cure process leads to transparent sol/gel composites with ultrafine structures. These materials systematically outperform the particulate composites, including an increase of the glass transition temperature of 63 °C and a process‐induced internal stress as low as 2.5 MPa. Nano‐sized gratings are produced from the sol/gel composites by low‐pressure UV nanoimprint lithography.magnified image
Characterization of a Silk‐Resinified Compact Fabricated Using a Pulse‐Energizing Sintering Device
Authors: Kaneko Atsushi , Tamada Yasushi , Hirai Shinji , Kuzuya Toshihiro , Hashimoto Tomoko 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPulse electric current sintering is used to prepare a compact from resinificated hydrous silk powder. Compacts with no remnant silk powders are formed with 20 wt% added water, 20–40 MPa molding pressure, and >353 K molding temperature. The latter two are much lower than those used for conventional hot pressing. No dependence on molding pressure and temperature are found in XRD or FT‐IR analysis, except for a compact molded at 473 K, for which silk fibroin decomposition is confirmed by DSC, EGA‐MS, and molecular weight measurements. The compact's three‐point bending strength depends on the molding temperature, except for the temperature at which silk fibroin decomposes. The maximum three‐point bending strength resembles that of general‐purpose epoxy resin and is much higher than that of PLA.magnified image
Polyester Preparation in the Presence of Pristine and Phosphonic‐Acid‐Modified Zirconia Nanopowders
Authors: Svehla Jakob , Pabisch Silvia , Feichtenschlager Bernhard , Holzmann Dietmar , Peterlik Herwig , Kickelbick Guido 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel zirconia polyester nanocomposite is prepared using an in situ approach. Surface‐functionalized zirconia nanoparticles are obtained by attaching 3‐phosphonopropionic acid to the metal oxide. Neat and surface‐covered metal oxide particles are incorporated at the beginning of the polyesterification reaction of isophthalic acid and neopentyl glycol resulting in zirconia/poly(neopentyl isophthalate) (PNI) nanocomposites. TEM shows that the dispersibility of the inorganic filler is improved by covering the zirconia surface with carboxylic acid groups. These results are verified by SAXS. Rheological measurements reveal that the viscosities are increasing compared to pristine PNI at particle loads of 10 wt% (neat zirconia) and 5 wt% (phosphonic‐acid‐capped zirconia), respectively.magnified image
Unveiling videos: Consumer‐generated ads as qualitative inquiry
Authors: Berthon Pierre , Pitt Leyland , DesAutels Philip 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCompanies spend millions of dollars researching consumers, consumer attitudes to brands, and consumer uses of products. Yet the irony is that consumers are now doing this research themselves and posting their material to video‐sharing sites such as YouTube. In this paper we argue that the BASIC IDS framework (Cohen, 1999) for dimensional qualitative research can be used to deconstruct consumer‐generated videos to yield valuable insights into the paradoxes of consumer–service interactions. One category of service that has gained huge media attention of late, and yet is poorly understood, is the phenomenon of online social networks. Using three consumer‐generated ads about the social networking site Facebook, we explore the paradoxes of consumer–service interaction, namely consumers' ambivalent attitudes to the service, how the consumer uses and is used by the service, how the service both facilitates behavior and changes behavior, and how the service mediates social interactions yet drives social actors. Finally, we locate the findings in terms of the wider context of Gen Y and the digital revolution, specify limitations, and cite implications and avenues for future research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of a Novel Fused Thiophene‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐thiophene Donor Monomer and Co‐polymer for Use in OPV and OFETs
Authors: Bronstein Hugo , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Kim Youngju , White Andrew J. P. , Anthopoulos Thomas , Song Kigook , James David , Zhang Weimin , McCulloch Iain 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel fused hexacyclic electron rich monomer incorporating thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene is reported and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Suzuki co‐polymerization with benzothiadiazole (BT) afforded a novel low band‐gap polymer P4TBT with high molecular weights and good solution processability. Bulk heterojunction solar cell devices using the P4TBT and [70]PCBM gave power conversion efficiencies of 2.5%. Top‐gate, bottom‐contact field effect transistors (FETs) using P4TBT displayed high hole mobilities of 0.07 cm2 · Vs−1 demonstrating the suitability of the novel monomer and polymer for use in high performing organic electronic devices.magnified image
Branched Semiflexible Polymers: Theoretical and Simulation Aspects
Authors: Dolgushev Maxim , Berezovska Ganna , Blumen Alexander 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecent approaches for taking stiffness effects into account when modeling multifunctional polymer structures are reported. The theoretical part is focused on arbitrary tree‐like polymers, modeled through extensions of the GGS scheme that allows the inclusion of local constraints. The theoretical findings are compared to the results of numerical simulations in which stiffness is included into the bond fluctuation model with the help of additional bending potentials. The procedure is illustrated by evaluating the static properties of semiflexible linear chains, stars, cospectral polymers and rings. The dynamical properties are exemplified by the mechanical relaxation of semiflexible polymers, including situations in which the local conditions at different sites are the same or different.magnified image
Green tea catechin extract in intervention of chronic breast cell carcinogenesis induced by environmental carcinogens
Authors: Rathore Kusum , Wang Hwa‐Chain Robert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSporadic breast cancers are mainly attributable to long‐term exposure to environmental factors, via a multi‐year, multi‐step, and multi‐path process of tumorigenesis involving cumulative genetic and epigenetic alterations in the chronic carcinogenesis of breast cells from a non‐cancerous stage to precancerous and cancerous stages. Epidemiologic and experimental studies have suggested that green tea components may be used as preventive agents for breast cancer control. In our research, we have developed a cellular model that mimics breast cell carcinogenesis chronically induced by cumulative exposures to low doses of environmental carcinogens. In this study, we used our chronic carcinogenesis model as a target system to investigate the activity of green tea catechin extract (GTC) at non‐cytotoxic levels in intervention of cellular carcinogenesis induced by cumulative exposures to pico‐molar 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). We identified that GTC, at a non‐cytotoxic, physiologically achievable concentration of 2.5 µg/mL, was effective in suppressing NNK‐ and B[a]P‐induced cellular carcinogenesis, as measured by reduction of the acquired cancer‐associated properties of reduced dependence on growth factors, anchorage‐independent growth, increased cell mobility, and acinar‐conformational disruption. We also detected that intervention of carcinogen‐induced elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase of cell proliferation, activation of the ERK pathway, DNA damage, and changes in gene expression may account for the mechanisms of GTC's preventive activity. Thus, GTC may be used in dietary and chemoprevention of breast cell carcinogenesis associated with long‐term exposure to low doses of environmental carcinogens. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SMAD4‐dependent polysome RNA recruitment in human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Thornley Jessica A. , Trask Heidi W. , Ringelberg Carol S. , Ridley Christian J.A. , Wang Sinny , Sal‐Lari Richard Cowper , Moore Jason H. , Korc Murray , Tomlinson Craig R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States because most patients are diagnosed too late in the course of the disease to be treated effectively. Thus, there is a pressing need to more clearly understand how gene expression is regulated in cancer cells and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Translational regulation is thought to occur primarily through non‐SMAD directed signaling pathways. We tested the hypothesis that SMAD4‐dependent signaling does play a role in the regulation of mRNA entry into polysomes and that novel candidate genes in pancreatic cancer could be identified using polysome RNA from the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 with or without a functional SMAD4 gene. We found that (i) differentially expressed whole cell and cytoplasm RNA levels are both poor predictors of polysome RNA levels; (ii) for a majority of RNAs, differential RNA levels are regulated independently in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and polysomes; (iii) for most of the remaining polysome RNA, levels are regulated via a “tagging” of the RNAs in the nucleus for rapid entry into the polysomes; (iv) a SMAD4‐dependent pathway appears to indeed play a role in regulating mRNA entry into polysomes; and (v) a gene list derived from differentially expressed polysome RNA in BxPC3 cells generated new candidate genes and cell pathways potentially related to pancreatic cancer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PAX3‐FOXO1 and FGFR4 in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Marshall Amy D. , van der Ent Martijn A. , Grosveld Gerard C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe and others have identified FGFR4 as a direct transcriptional target of the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) specific fusion protein, PAX3‐FOXO1. We hypothesized fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) may act as an effector of PAX3‐FOXO1, contributing to PAX3‐FOXO1 tumorigenic phenotypes. However, we demonstrate that enhanced expression of FGFR4 does not contribute to inhibited differentiation, enhanced proliferation, or transformation downstream of PAX3‐FOXO1 in primary mouse myoblasts. Therefore we were unable to identify any contribution of up regulation of wild type FGFR4 to PAX3‐FOXO1 driven tumorigenesis. Conversely, a constitutively active mutant of FGFR4 can enhance primary myoblast proliferation and transformation, indicating activating mutations of FGFR4 could contribute to the development and progression of ARMS. We sequenced the FGFR4 mRNA from five ARMS cell lines and identified no somatic mutations, nor any association with any human single nucleotide polymorphism within the FGFR4 coding region. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ras inhibition in hepatocarcinoma by S‐trans‐trans‐farnesylthiosalicyclic acid: Association of its tumor preventive effect with cell proliferation, cell cycle events, and angiogenesis
Authors: Stärkel Peter , Charette Nicolas , Borbath Ivan , Schneider‐Merck Tanja , De Saeger Christine , Abarca Jorge , Leclercq Isabelle , Horsmans Yves 
Published: September 2011

AbstractActivation of Ras and its downstream signaling pathways, likely contribute to the development of hepatocarcinoma. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal injections of the Ras inhibitor S‐trans, trans‐farnesylthiosalicyclic acid (FTS) blocks Ras activation and prevents heptocarcinoma development in rats receiving weekly injections of the carcinogene diethylnitrosamine (DEN) for 16 wk. Using this in vivo model, we evaluated the relationship between the tumor preventive effect of Ras inhibition and activation of downstream signaling pathways, cell proliferation, cell cycle events, and angiogenesis. Western blotting, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and transcription factor activity assays were used. DEN‐induced activation of NFkB and Stat3 was abrogated by FTS treatment. FTS treatment showed no effect on DEN‐induced elevation of TNFα, interleukin 6 and TLR4, known activators of these transcription factors. FTS significantly reduced phosphorylation of the MAPkinase p38 and of the p70S6 kinase, a surrogate marker for mTor activation, without affecting ERK and AKT phosphorylation. These events were associated with reduced c‐myc and cyclin D expression as well as reduced cell proliferation in transformed, GSTp‐positive hepatocytes. Moreover, FTS treatment shifted cell proliferation from transformed hepatocytes to apparently normal, GSTp negative hepatocytes. FTS treatment did not down‐regulate expression of angiogenesis markers HIFα, VEGF, VEGF receptor1, and placenta growth factor. FTS treatment inhibits important signaling pathways involved in cellular proliferation leading to strongly reduced proliferation of transformed hepatocytes without affecting normal hepatocytes. This re‐adjustment of the proliferation balance likely contributes to the tumor preventive of FTS in the context of Ras inhibition in hepatocarcinogenesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.