bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperation of tumor‐derived HBx mutants and p53‐249ser mutant in regulating cell proliferation, anchorage‐independent growth and aneuploidy in a telomerase‐immortalized normal human hepatocyte‐derived cell line
Authors: Jiang Weidong , Wang Xin Wei , Unger Tamar , Forgues Marshonna , Kim Jin Woo , Hussain S. Perwez , Bowman Elise , Spillare Elisa A. , Lipsky Michael M. , Meck Jeanne M. , Cavalli Luciane R. , Haddad Bassem R. , Harris Curtis C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major etiological agent. Convincing epidemiological and experimental evidence also links HCC to aflatoxin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin that produces a signature p53‐249ser mutation. Recently, we have reported that tumor‐derived HBx variants encoded by HBV exhibited attenuated transactivation and proapoptotic functions but retained their ability to block p53‐mediated apoptosis. These results indicate that mutations in HBx may contribute to the development of HCC. In this study, we determined whether tumor‐derived HBx mutants along, or in cooperation with p53‐249ser, could alter cell proliferation and chromosome stability of normal human hepatocytes. To test this hypothesis, we established a telomerase immortalized normal human hepatocycte line HHT4 that exhibited a near diploid karyotype and expressed many hepatocyte‐specific genes. We found that overexpression one of the tumor‐derived HBx mutants, CT, significantly increased colony forming efficiency (CFE) while its corresponding wild‐type allele CNT significantly decreased CFE in HHT4 cells. p53‐249ser rescued CNT‐mediated inhibition of colony formation. Although HHT4 cells lacked an anchorage independent growth capability as they did not form any colonies in soft agar, the CT‐expressing HHT4 cells could form colonies, which could be significantly enhanced by p53‐249ser. Induction of aneuploidy could be observed in HHT4 cells expressing CT, but additionally recurring chromosome abnormalities could only be detected in cells coexpressing CT and p53‐249ser. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that certain mutations in HBx and p53 at codon 249 may cooperate in contributing to liver carcinogenesis.
Isoalvaxanthone inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through inactivating Rac1 and AP‐1
Authors: Wang Lei , Kuang Lisha , Pan Xinhua , Liu Junchen , Wang Qian , Du Bing , Li Dali , Luo Jian , Liu Mingyao , Hou Aijun , Qian Min 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIsoalvaxanthone (IAX) is a bioactive xanthone isolated from Cudrania cochinchinensis (Lour.). However, the function and mechanism of this compound in cancer migration and invasion have not been elucidated to date. In this study, we found that IAX could suppress various steps of tumor metastasis including proliferation, migration and invasion in a dose‐dependent manner on colorectal cancer cells. Especially matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), the pivotal factor in cancer invasion, was suppressed both on activation and expression after treated with IAX. To understand the underlying mechanism of IAX on the inhibitory effect of proliferation, migration and invasion, we demonstrated that IAX could significantly inhibit the activation of Rac1 but has undetectable effect on GTP‐RhoA, GTP‐Cdc42 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK. Moreover, IAX showed little influence on the transcriptional activity of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF‐κB) but strongly inhibited that of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), which is the downstream transcriptional factor of Rac1. Together, our results indicate that IAX exerts anticancer effect in SW620 cells by targeting MMP‐2 via regulating the activity of Rac1 and AP‐1. These results are the first to reveal the function of IAX in tumor metastasis and its underlying molecular mechanism, thus suggest IAX to be a promising antimetastatic agent.
Determination of side‐chain‐rotamer and side‐chain and backbone virtual‐bond‐stretching potentials of mean force from AM1 energy surfaces of terminally‐blocked amino‐acid residues, for coarse‐grained simulations of protein structure and folding. II. Results, comparison with statistical potentials, and implementation in the UNRES force field
Authors: Kozłowska Urszula , Maisuradze Gia G. , Liwo Adam , Scheraga Harold A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUsing the harmonic‐approximation approach of the accompanying article and AM1 energy surfaces of terminally blocked amino‐acid residues, we determined physics‐based side‐chain rotamer potentials and the side‐chain virtual‐bond‐deformation potentials of 19 natural amino‐acid residues with side chains. The potentials were approximated by analytical formulas and implemented in the UNRES mesoscopic dynamics program. For comparison, the corresponding statistical potentials were determined from 19,682 high‐resolution protein structures. The low free‐energy region of both the AM1‐derived and the statistical potentials is determined by the valence geometry and the L‐chirality, and its size increases with side‐chain flexibility and decreases with increasing virtual‐bond‐angle θ. The differences between the free energies of rotamers are greater for the AM1‐derived potentials compared with the statistical potentials and, for alanine and other residues with small side chains, a region corresponding to the C conformation has remarkably low free‐energy for the AM1‐derived potentials, as opposed to the statistical potentials. These differences probably result from the interactions between neighboring residues and indicate the need for introduction of cooperative terms accounting for the coupling between side‐chain rotamer and backbone interactions. Both AM1‐derived and statistical virtual‐bond‐deformation potentials are multimodal for flexible side chains and are topologically similar; however, the regions of minima of the statistical potentials are much narrower, which probably results from imposing restraints in structure determination. The force field with the new potentials was preliminarily optimized using the FBP WW domain (1E0L) and the engrailed homeodomain (1ENH) as training proteins and assessed to be reasonably transferable. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Selective oxidation of styrene on an oxygen‐adsorbed Cu(111): A comparison with Au(111)
Authors: Pang Xian‐Yong , Xing Bin , Xue Li‐Qin , Wang Gui‐Chang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe reaction mechanism for the styrene selective oxidation on the oxygen preadsorbed Cu(111) surface has been studied by the density functional theory calculation with the periodic slab model. The calculated result indicated that the process includes two steps: forming the oxametallacycle intermediate (OMMS) and then producing the products. In addition, it was found that the second step, from OMMS to the product, is the rate‐controlling step, which is similar to the previous work of ethylene selective oxidation. The present result indicated that the selectivity towards the formation of styrene epoxide on Cu(111) is much higher than that on Au(111). More importantly, we found that the mechanism via the OMMS (2) (i.e., the preadsorbed atomic oxygen bound to the CH2 group involved in C6H5CHCH2) to produce styrene epoxide is kinetically favored than that of OMMS (1). We also found that the selectivity toward the styrene epoxide formation on Cu2O is similar to that of Cu(111). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Hepatic ablation for neuroendocrine tumor metastases
Authors: Maithel Shishir K. , Fong Yuman 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe indolent nature of neuroendocrine tumors and their proclivity to be hormonally active warrant aggressive treatment for advanced stage disease with hepatic metastases. Cytoreduction has been associated with improved symptom control as well as prolonged survival compared with those treated with medical therapy. The primary modalities of cytoreduction employed are resection, ablation, and embolization. In particular, radiofrequency ablation has been utilized with good results and minimal morbidity for treating patients with advanced neuroendocrine disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:635–638. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resected colorectal liver metastases: Does the survival differ according to postoperative chemotherapy regimen?
Authors: Kim Sun Young , Kim Hee Jun , Hong Yong Sang , Jung Kyung Hae , Park Ji Won , Choi Hyo Seong , Oh Jae Hwan , Park Sang‐Jae , Kim Seong Hoon , Nam Byung‐Ho , Chang Hee Jin , Kim Dae Yong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe compared clinical outcomes in patients who were treated with different chemotherapeutic regimens after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsBetween August 2001 and June 2008, 156 patients who entered into chemotherapy of adjuvant intent after hepatic metastasectomy were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsOf the 156 patients, 58 patients were treated with oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidines (group I), 48 with irinotecan/fluoropyrimidines (group II), and 50 with fluoropyrimidines alone (group III). In the univariate analysis, there was a marginally significant difference among the three groups with respect to the disease‐free survival (DFS); 23.4 months in group I, 14.1 months in group II, and 16.3 months in group III, P = 0.088). Group I showed better DFS when compared to the other two groups combined (group II and III) (P = 0.03). Multivariable analysis showed a marginally significant gain in the DFS for group I (P = 0.068). Multiple metastases (P = 0.045) and positive resection margin (P = 0.003) were significantly associated with poorer DFS.ConclusionPostoperative combination chemotherapy of oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidines seemed to show better DFS when compared to fluoropyrimidine monotherapy or irinotecan‐based combination in patients who underwent liver metastasectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:713–718. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D compressed sensing for highly accelerated hyperpolarized 13C MRSI with in vivo applications to transgenic mouse models of cancer
Authors: Hu Simon , Lustig Michael , Balakrishnan Asha , Larson Peder E. Z. , Bok Robert , Kurhanewicz John , Nelson Sarah J. , Goga Andrei , Pauly John M. , Vigneron Daniel B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHigh polarization of nuclear spins in liquid state through hyperpolarized technology utilizing dynamic nuclear polarization has enabled the direct monitoring of 13C metabolites in vivo at a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. Acquisition time limitations due to T1 decay of the hyperpolarized signal require accelerated imaging methods, such as compressed sensing, for optimal speed and spatial coverage. In this paper, the design and testing of a new echo‐planar 13C three‐dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) compressed sensing sequence is presented. The sequence provides up to a factor of 7.53 in acceleration with minimal reconstruction artifacts. The key to the design is employing x and y gradient blips during a fly‐back readout to pseudorandomly undersample kf‐kx‐ky space. The design was validated in simulations and phantom experiments where the limits of undersampling and the effects of noise on the compressed sensing nonlinear reconstruction were tested. Finally, this new pulse sequence was applied in vivo in preclinical studies involving transgenic prostate cancer and transgenic liver cancer murine models to obtain much higher spatial and temporal resolution than possible with conventional echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging methods. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An unsaturated soil model with minimal number of parameters based on bounding surface plasticity
Authors: Morvan M. , Wong H. , Branque D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a constitutive model for unsaturated soils with only 13 parameters. Its development is based on the concept of bounding surface plasticity under a critical state framework. The definition of effective stress via an equivalent pore pressure and the introduction of suction effects into a general plastic hardening mechanism are inspired from the work of Pereira et al. (Ph.D. Thesis, 2005) and that of a few others. Despite the minimal number of parameters, this model can simulate correctly complex volumetric behaviour and post‐peak softening, as well as a few other classic typical behaviours of unsaturated soils. The model is validated using experimental data both on saturated and unsaturated soils. Its efficiency has been highlighted by comparing its outputs with those from the Barcelona Basic Model and from another advanced model CJS‐NS. The numerical studies revealed the necessity of additional experimental data for a more complete validation of the model and its future improvement. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Membrane protein analysis using an improved peptic in‐solution digestion protocol
Authors: Rietschel Benjamin , Bornemann Sandra , Arrey Tabiwang N. , Baeumlisberger Dominic , Karas Michael , Meyer Bjoern 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the proteomic analysis of membrane proteins, less‐specific proteases have become a promising tool to overcome fundamental limitations of trypsin with its unique specificity for basic residues. Pepsin is well‐known to be utilized for specific applications that require acidic conditions, but in terms of membrane protein identification and characterization, it has been disregarded for the most part. This work presents an optimization of an existing peptic digest protocol for the analysis of membrane proteins using bacteriorhodopsin from purple membranes as reference.
Molecular characteristics and physiological functions of major royal jelly protein 1 oligomer
Authors: Tamura Shougo , Amano Shizuka , Kono Toru , Kondoh Jun , Yamaguchi Kikuji , Kobayashi Seiichi , Ayabe Tokiyoshi , Moriyama Takanori 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRoyal jelly contains numerous components, including proteins. Major royal jelly protein (MRJP) 1 is the most abundant protein among the soluble royal jelly proteins. In its physiological state, MRJP 1 exists as a monomer and/or oligomer. This study focuses the molecular characteristics and functions of MRJP 1 oligomer. MRJP 1 oligomer purified using HPLC techniques was subjected to the following analyses. The molecular weight of MRJP 1 oligomer was found to be 290 kDa using blue native‐PAGE. MRJP 1 oligomer was separated into 55 and 5 kDa spots on 2‐D blue native/SDS‐PAGE. The 55 kDa protein was identified as MRJP 1 monomer by proteome analysis, whereas the 5 kDa protein was identified as Apisimin by N‐terminal amino acid sequencing, and this protein may function as a subunit‐joining protein within MRJP 1 oligomer. We also found that the oligomeric form included noncovalent bonds and was stable under heat treatment at 56°C. Furthermore, MRJP 1 oligomer dose dependently enhanced and sustained cell proliferation in the human lymphoid cell line Jurkat. In conclusion, MRJP 1 oligomer is a heat‐resistant protein comprising MRJP 1 monomer and Apisimin, and has cell proliferation activity. These findings will contribute to further studies analyzing the effects of MRJP 1 in humans.
Mechanism of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase inactivation by tyrosine nitration
Authors: Palamalai Vikram , Miyagi Masaru 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGlyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a multifaceted protein that is involved in numerous processes including glycolysis, translational silencing, transcriptional regulation of specific genes, and acting as a nitric oxide sensor. The precise mechanism on how GAPDH is targeted to these different roles is unclear but believed to involve specific posttranslational modification to the protein. Numerous studies have demonstrated that GAPDH is a target for tyrosine nitration. However, the site of modification and the molecular consequence have not been defined. Rabbit GAPDH with a reversibly protected catalytic cysteine was nitrated in vitro with tetranitromethane, resulting in complete loss of GAPDH catalytic activity. Nitration was estimated as 0.32 mol of nitrotyrosine residue per mole of GAPDH. Mass spectrometry analysis of nitrated GAPDH indicated that Tyr311 and Tyr317 were the sole sites of nitration. The X‐ray crystal structure revealed that the distances between Tyr311 and Tyr317 and the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) were less than 7.2 and 3.7 Å, respectively, implying that nitration of these two residues may affect NAD+ binding. This possibility was assessed using an NAD+ binding assay, which showed that nitrated GAPDH was incapable of binding NAD+. Thus, these results strongly suggest that Tyr311 and Tyr317 nitration prohibits NAD+ binding, leading to the loss of catalytic activity.
On the problem of renormalizability in non‐commutative gauge field models – a critical review
Authors: Blaschke D.N. , Kronberger E. , Rofner A. , Schweda M. , Sedmik R.I.P. , Wohlgenannt M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhen considering quantum field theories on non‐commutative spaces one inevitably encounters the infamous UV/IR mixing problem. So far, only very few renormalizable models exist and all of them describe non‐commutative scalar field theories on four‐dimensional Euclidean Groenewold‐Moyal deformed space, also known as ‘θ‐deformed space’ ℝ4θ. In this work we discuss some major obstacles of constructing a renormalizable non‐commutative gauge field model and sketch some possible ways out.
Controversies in the treatment of high‐risk prostate cancer—what is the optimal combination of hormonal therapy and radiotherapy: a review of literature
Authors: Al‐Mamgani Abrahim , Lebesque Joos V. , Heemsbergen Wilma D. , Tans Lisa , Kirkels Wim J , Levendag Peter C. , Incrocci Luca 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn high‐risk prostate carcinoma, there is controversy whether these patients should be treated with escalated‐dose (≥74 Gy) or conventional‐dose radiotherapy (<74 Gy) combined with hormonal therapy. Furthermore, the issue of the optimal duration and timing of hormonal therapy are not well crystallized.PATIENTS AND METHODSA search for evidence from randomized‐ and large non‐randomized studies in order to address these issues, was therefore initiated. For this purpose, MedLine, EMbase, and PubMed and the data base of the Dutch randomized dose‐escalation trial, were consulted.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSFrom this search it was concluded that the benefit of hormonal therapy in combination with conventional‐dose radiotherapy (<74 Gy) in high‐risk prostate cancer is evident (Level 2 evidence); Levels 2 and 3 evidence were provided by several studies supporting the use of escalated‐dose radiotherapy in high‐risk prostate cancer. For the combination of hormonal therapy with escalated‐dose radiotherapy in these patients, there is Level 2 evidence for moderately escalated dose (74 Gy) and high escalated dose (≥78 Gy). The optimal duration and timing of hormonal therapy are not well defined. More randomized‐controlled trials and meta‐analyses are therefore needed to clearly determine the independent role of dose‐escalation in high‐risk patients treated with hormonal therapy and the optimal duration and timing of hormonal therapy. Prostate 70: 701–709, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Femoral fracture following knee ligament reconstruction surgery due to an unpredictable complication of bioabsorbable screw fixation: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Konan Sujith , Haddad Fares Sami 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
We report an unusual case of femoral fracture from minimal trauma, due to the rapid disappearance of a bioabsorbable interference screw used for reconstruction of the posterolateral corner of the knee. The literature on bone tunnel fractures following knee ligament reconstruction surgery is also reviewed.
Objectives, criteria and methods for the design of the SmartHand transradial prosthesis
Authors: Cipriani Christian , Controzzi Marco , Carrozza Maria Chiara 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYThis paper presents the requirements, design criteria and methodology used to develop the design of a new self-contained prosthetic hand to be used by transradial amputees. The design is based on users' needs, on authors background and knowledge of the state of the art, and feasible fabrication technology with the aim of replicating as much as possible the functionality of the human hand. The paper focuses on the design approach and methodology which is divided into three steps: (i) the mechanical actuation units, design and actuation distribution; (ii) the mechatronic development and finally (iii) the controller architecture design. The design is presented here and compared with significant commercial devices and research prototypes.
Rebuilding Government for the 21st Century: Can China Incrementally Reform the Public Sector?
Authors: Wong Christine 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAfter three decades of spectacular economic successes, China is facing a significant challenge. The string of recent scandals – environmental degradation, melamine-tainted milk powder, fake drugs and chemicals – have all pointed to government weakness in protecting public safety, exposing an enormous gap between China's growing economic prowess and its capacity to govern. With the leadership now focused on improving the regulatory regime, will China “catch up” and build the public institutions needed? This article argues that the reactive, incremental retrenchment of government in the 1980s and 1990s, combined with inadequate finance, had broken the intergovernmental fiscal system and created large distortions in the incentive structure facing government agencies and public institutions (shiye danwei事业单位). Until the intergovernmental fiscal system is repaired and incentives are fundamentally reformed for the public sector, the top-down programme to redirect China's development and build a service-oriented government will have limited effect.
Between Owner and Regulator: Governing the Business of China's Telecommunications Service Industry
Authors: Yeo Yukyung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study explains the institutional structure and mechanism of economic regulation in China's telecommunications basic service industry. The case of telecoms basic service provides an excellent window to explore how Chinese leadership governs strategic state sectors whose assets and profits are central to the national economy. Challenging the ideational model of independent regulator, this study argues that the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) explains much of the telecoms business regulation, as the authority of the Ministry of Information Industry has been circumscribed by other party-state institutions. The SASAC's regulatory power suggests that the primary goal of the Chinese industrial economy is the best protection of state assets through the creation of large and strong state firms, not the protection of consumers' interests by breaking up the monopoly in markets.