bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progrès économique et social dans les réseaux de production mondiaux: problèmes de théorie et de mesure
Authors: MILBERG William , WINKLER Deborah 
Published: March 2012

Résumé.Le développement économique devient synonyme de «progrès économique» au sein des réseaux de production mondiaux (RPM). Toutefois, si ce progrès, associéà la croissance économique et à la performance du commerce international, a fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches, il y a eu moins d'analyses sur ce qu'il signifie pour le «progrès social»: salaires, conditions de travail, droits, égalité des sexes et sécuritééconomique des travailleurs dans les RPM. Les auteurs examinent la façon dont on mesure le progrès économique et social, notamment dans les pays en développement, et analysent la relation théorique entre ces deux dimensions du progrès. Ils concluent par une brève discussion sur les implications politiques.
Conciliation entre travail et vie de famille en Iran
Authors: Mehdizadeh Narjes 
Published: March 2012

Résumé.Dans les pays en développement, on a, jusqu'ici, porté moins d'attention à l'équilibre entre travail et vie de famille que dans les pays développés. Pourtant, les tensions entre ces deux pôles s'y accentuent aussi. Partant, l'auteur examine la répartition de l'emploi des femmes en Iran et considère ses déterminants, sachant que leur taux d'activité n'était que de 12,5 pour cent en 2006. S'appuyant sur une enquête menée auprès de 800 mères ayant un niveau d'instruction élevé, elle met en évidence le besoin crucial de meilleurs services de garde des enfants pour améliorer la conciliation entre travail et vie de famille et augmenter le taux d'activité des femmes. Elle plaide pour une approche combinant modalités de garde formelles et informelles, et une réglementation du temps de travail.
Facteurs d'évolution de la réglementation du temps de travail aux Etats‐Unis et en Europe
Authors: Dembe Allard E. 
Published: March 2012

Résumé.En Grande‐Bretagne au XIXe siècle, les premières réglementations sur le temps de travail étaient motivées par des préoccupations humanitaires concernant les femmes et les enfants travaillant dans les usines. Aux Etats‐Unis, les lois sur le temps de travail ont initialement été introduites en réponse aux revendications syndicales et aux conflits sociaux. Durant le XXe siècle, les décideurs politiques ont adopté des lois réduisant le nombre d'heures de travail afin de répartir le travail disponible et résorber ainsi le chômage. Avec l'adoption de la Directive européenne sur le temps de travail, les vingt années écoulées ont reflété un mouvement vers l'intégration sociale et politique, les pressions politiques continues dans la lutte contre le chômage, et l'acceptation croissante de l'ergonomie et des méthodes d'organisation du travail comme composantes de la réglementation internationale sur la sécurité.
An integrative review of the literature about the transition of pediatric patients with intestinal failure from hospital to home
Authors: Murray John S. , Mahoney Judith M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurpose.  Children with intestinal failure (IF) have complex needs that pose many challenges while in the hospital and upon transition to home. The purpose of this review was to identify factors associated with the complexity of transitional care in this population of children, as well as to explore frameworks for providing care for transition to home.Design and Method.  Eleven publications, including research and clinical practice articles, were identified for an integrative review.Results.  Four themes emerged regarding IF and transition: complex healthcare needs, planning for and beginning transition, identification of family requirements, and frameworks for providing transitional care.Practice Implications.  Nurses working with families of children with IF can facilitate successful transition into the home by planning in advance and using a framework that addresses the needs of the patient and family.
Knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians toward the nurse practitioner role in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Nasaif Husain Ali ,   Doctor of Nursing Practice, Nursing Faculty, Royal College of Surgeons‐Bahrain, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain
Published: March 2012

Abstract  Purpose: The Kingdom of Bahrain is facing a number of challenges, including an escalating cost of health services, increasing incidence of chronic diseases, and shortage of primary care physicians (PCPs). Introducing the nurse practitioner (NP) specialty in the primary care setting is one way to meet these challenges. The purpose of this quasi‐experimental study was to examine the knowledge and attitudes of PCPs about the NP role prior to and following an educational intervention.Data sources: The modified Northern Emergency Nurse Practitioner Staff Survey was used to measure the PCPs’ attitudes and knowledge. A total of 90 PCPs completed the pretest and posttest.Conclusions: The study findings showed that PCPs had poor understanding of the NP role. Their knowledge and attitudes changed significantly after the educational intervention. Also, posttest data indicated a positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes toward the NP role.Implications for practice: More educational preparation and orientation to the NP role for PCPs and other healthcare professionals are needed before the implementation of the role in the primary care setting in Bahrain. There is a need for the role to be clearly defined prior to implementation to help gain understanding and acceptance.
Experiments on an integrated aquaculture system (seaweeds and marine fish) on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia: efficiency comparison of two local seaweed species for nutrient biofiltration and production
Authors: Al‐Hafedh Yousef S. , Alam Aftab , Buschmann Alejandro H. , Fitzsimmons Kevin M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSeaweeds absorb inorganic nutrient wastes from mariculture and reduce their undesirable environmental effects. Mariculture in Saudi Arabia is increasing rapidly, thus, to exploit aquaculture wastes and to reduce coastal pollution risks, local seaweeds were cultured using mariculture effluents in integration on the Red Sea coast. The aim of the present study was to test integrated aquaculture of seaweed and marine fish (Oreochromis spilurus) for the first time in Saudi Arabia and to determine the seaweeds, Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria arcuata, biomass production and inorganic nutrient bioremediation capabilities. Results showed that G. arcuata grew at a significantly higher rate (2.71% wet weight day−1) than U. lactuca (1.77% wet weight day−1). The biomass yield (42.38 g wet weight m−2 day−1) and net yield (91.11 g wet weight day−1) of G. arcuata were also significantly higher than U. lactuca (27.39 g wet weight m−2 day−1 and 58.89 g wet weight day−1, respectively). Gracilaria arcuata removed 0.45 g m−2 day−1 of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) with 80.15% removal efficiency and 1.03 g m−2 day−1 of soluble phosphate with 41.06% efficiency. Ulva lactuca removed 0.42 g m−2 day−1 of TAN with 83.06% removal efficiency and 1.07 g m−2 day−1 of soluble phosphate with 41.11% efficiency. Total tissue carbon of both species reached 25.1–26.9% and nitrogen content reached 3.0–3.2% of dry weight. The C/N ratio for both seaweeds was <10, indicating that nitrogen was not a limiting factor in culture. Both seaweeds are suitable for integrated aquaculture and bioremediation, but G. arcuata has relatively higher growth potential.
Two malignant peripheral nerve lesions of non‐neurogenic origin
Authors: Green Ruth A R , O'Donnell Paul , Briggs Timothy W R , Tirabosco Roberto 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe imaging features and histology of two cases of non‐neurogenic intraneural malignancy – an epithelioid sarcoma and myeloma – are described. These cases are important reminders that not all nerve tumours are of neural origin and also show the crucial importance of a robust multidisciplinary approach to achieve the correct diagnosis and management.
Microbial interactions during residual oil and n‐fatty acid metabolism by a methanogenic consortium
Authors: Morris Brandon E. L. , Herbst Florian‐Alexander , Bastida Felipe , Seifert Jana , von Bergen Martin , Richnow Hans‐Hermann , Suflita Joseph M. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryCarbon flow in a model methanogenic consortium capable of hydrocarbon degradation was investigated using a combination of stable isotope fractionation, protein‐based stable isotope probing, and metaproteomics. Overall δ13C enrichment for methane and CO2 in the presence and absence of oil suggests that complex microbial interactions occur during methanogenic hydrocarbon mineralization. Specifically, the Δδ13C of CO2 was statistically identical in all incubations irrespective of oil presence, but the Δδ13C for methane was greater in the presence of oil compared with fatty acids alone. In addition, carbon from uniformly (13C) labelled n‐fatty acids was distributed evenly among consortium members in the presence of oil, but used by relatively few community members when provided alone. In all incubations, aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were labelled to an equal extent, suggesting that no pathway is overwhelmingly dominant during methane production by the model consortium. Protein‐based stable isotope probing identified key enzymes responsible for methanogenesis from CO2 and acetate labelled with 78.0 ± 4.4% and 73.3 ± 1.0% 13C respectively. Results suggest that acetate was used directly by methanogens in the presence of n‐fatty acids alone, and that methanogenesis from CO2 was a secondary process. Proteins capable of catalysing hydrocarbon activation by addition to fumarate were not found. Collectively, this study demonstrates that significant microbial cooperation is required to recover hydrocarbons as methane.
Relationship between renal dysfunction and outcomes in emergency department patients with potential acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Chang Anna Marie , Edwards Meredith , Matsuura Asako C , Walsh Kristy M , Barrows Emily , Le Jeffrey , Hollander Judd E 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesTo determine whether patients with elevated creatinine who present to the emergency department (ED) with potential acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or 30-day cardiovascular (CV) events.MethodsA secondary analysis of a cohort study of patients presenting to the ED with potential ACS with serum creatinine measurements. Research assistants collected demographics, history, symptoms, hospital course and 30-day follow-up. Outcomes measured were in-hospital AMI and 30-day CV events (death, nonfatal AMI, revascularisation). Prespecified multivariable models included age, gender, race and cardiac risk factors and presenting electrocardiogram (ECG). We used a creatinine cut-off point of 132.6 mmol/l. Data are presented as OR and 95% CI.Results3451 patients were enrolled (age, 52.9±13.2; 55% female patients; 64% black patients). There were 120 AMI during initial visit and 232 patients had 30-day CV events (43 deaths, 128 AMI, 120 revascularisations). Creatinine values were normal in 3086 (89.4%) and abnormal in 365 (10.5%) patients. In multivariable models the adjusted OR (95% CI) for the association between abnormal creatinine and AMI was 1.43 (0.88 to 2.30) and 30-day CV events was 1.57 (1.10 to 2.25). The odds of 30-day CV events were increased for patients who were older, male subjects, white, had hyperlipidaemia, hypertension or a history of CAD, or presented with an abnormal ECG.ConclusionIn patients with potential ACS in the ED, renal dysfunction predicts a higher likelihood of 30-day CV events, but not an independent predictor after controlling for other risk factors. It appears to be a marker of other CV risks.
Impact of the introduction of emergency ultrasound to one large UK emergency department: the REBUS study
Authors: Kwok T'ng Choong , Johnson Sue , Reed Matthew James 
Published: March 2012

AimFirstly, to detail the experiences of one UK training region in establishing an emergency ultrasound (EU) training programme and secondly, to report the initial 30 months of EU scanning experience.MethodsProspective study of all documented emergency department (ED) ultrasound scans. Results were extracted from written paper reports and/or electronically saved images. Details of scan date, time, type of scan, grade of operator, supervision status (whether supervised by a level 1 competent scanner) and whether the scan was clinical (performed or supervised by a level 1 operator) or training, were recorded. EU scans were reviewed for quality (internal quality assurance) and for diagnostic accuracy (external quality assurance).ResultsBetween 14 January 2009 and 4 July 2011, 626 scans were performed by 41 operators. 263 (42%) scans were completed outside of normal working hours (09:00 to 17:00). There were 251 abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava scans (40% of all scans) and 198 focused assessment with sonography in trauma scans (32%). The number of scans performed by each operator varied widely. 87 scans (14%) were supervised but the majority (459; 73%) were not. 484 (77%) scans were for training purposes, 124 (20%) were clinical scans and the majority (401; 63%) were performed by either speciality registrars (ST4-6) or specialist registrars (SpR). When the three commonest types of scans performed were analysed, eight false positives and 11 false negatives were identified. Only seven of these were deemed of poor quality and none led to poor patient outcome.ConclusionsSince the acquisition of our ED ultrasound machine and the development of a quality assured training programme, on average 20 scans per month have been performed in the ED, with no known adverse patient outcomes.
Expression of claudins 7 and 18 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: association with features of differentiation
Authors: Soini Y , Takasawa A , Eskelinen M , Juvonen P , Kärjä V , Hasegawa T , Murata M , Tanaka S , Kojima T , Sawada N 
Published: March 2012

AimThis study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of claudins 7 and 18 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods and resultsMaterial tested included 111 operated samples and 47 additional biopsy samples consisting of 26 cases of pancreatitis, 3 cases of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 18 ductal adenocarcinomas. Samples were stained with antibodies to claudins 7 and 18 and analysed for membranous and cytoplasmic expression. Membrane bound claudin 7 and 18 expression was detected in 62 of 105 (59%) and 78 of 111 (70%) cases, respectively. Membrane bound claudin 7 and 18 were associated with large or intermediate neoplastic ducts (p=0.01, p=0.002, respectively). Well differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinomas displayed more cases with membrane bound claudin 7 or 18 immunopositivity (p=0.003, p=0.03, respectively). All pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias studied expressed membrane bound claudin 18. Membrane bound claudin 7 or 18 positivity was not associated with survival (p=0.17, p=0.98). In the biopsy cases membrane bound claudin 18 had 100% specificity and 51% sensitivity for a tumour marker.ConclusionClaudin 7 and 18 expression is related to gland size of neoplastic cells and is especially found in tumours with intermediate and large ducts and well differentiated tumours. Membrane bound claudin 18, when present, is a useful marker for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Claudins 7 and 18 were not associated with patient survival or spread of tumours.
Acquiring DNA sequence data from dried archival red algae (Florideophyceae) for the purpose of applying available names to contemporary genetic species: a critical assessment
Authors: Saunders Gary W. , McDevit Daniel C. 
Published: March 2012

Two DNA extraction protocols and nine variations of advocated DNA barcode markers (nuclear LSU D2/D3, ITS1, ITS2, mitochondrial COI-5P, plastid rbcL, UPA) were assessed for their abilities to yield species-level resolution from archival collections of red algae. With the exception of LSU D2/D3, all markers trialed displayed the potential to resolve red algal species. However, shortened COI-5P (COIms) and ITS (ITS2r) markers displayed four to five times the intrageneric divergence of shortened plastid markers and are preferred for their resolving power. For recent archival samples (4–11 years), COIms, ITS2r, and UPA displayed >90% amplification success. However, success rates declined rapidly as samples ranging in age from ca. 45–180 years old were tested. Further, contamination was a serious concern in reamplifications (partially nested PCR), especially for markers using universal primers (e.g., UPA) and for trials that employed the best extraction procedure, i.e., the better an extraction protocol is at isolating small DNA fragments from archival material, the better it is at acquiring small contaminating fragments from the laboratory — an intuitive and unfortunate reality. The ramifications of our results for ongoing attempts to extract DNA from archival red algal collections using PCR-based protocols is discussed along with recommendations to improve the likelihood of authentic outcomes.
Genetic Ablation of Cav1 Differentially Affects Melanoma Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Mice: Role of Cav1 in Shh Heterotypic Signaling and Transendothelial Migration
Authors: Capozza Franco , Trimmer Casey , Castello-Cros Remedios , Katiyar Sanjay , Whitaker-Menezes Diana , Follenzi Antonia , Crosariol Marco , Llaverias Gemma , Sotgia Federica , Pestell Richard G. , Lisanti Michael P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBoth cell-autonomous and non–cell-autonomous factors contribute to tumor growth and metastasis of melanoma. The function of caveolin-1 (Cav1), a multifunctional scaffold protein known to modulate several biologic processes in both normal tissue and cancer, has been recently investigated in melanoma cancer cells, but its role in the melanoma microenvironment remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that orthotopic implantation of B16F10 melanoma cells in the skin of Cav1KO mice increases tumor growth, and co-injection of Cav1-deficient dermal fibroblasts with melanoma cells is sufficient to recapitulate the tumor phenotype observed in Cav1KO mice. Using indirect coculture experiments with fibroblasts and melanoma cells combined with cytokine analysis, we found that Cav1-deficient fibroblasts promoted the growth of melanoma cells via enhanced paracrine cytokine signaling. Specifically, Cav1-deficient fibroblasts displayed increased ShhN expression, which heterotypically enhanced the Shh signaling pathway in melanoma cells. In contrast to primary tumor growth, the ability of B16F10 melanoma cells to form lung metastases was significantly reduced in Cav1KO mice. This phenotype was associated mechanistically with the inability of melanoma cells to adhere to and to transmigrate through a monolayer of endothelial cells lacking Cav1. Together, our findings show that Cav1 may regulate different mechanisms during primary melanoma tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Cancer Res; 72(9); 2262–74. ©2012 AACR.
Immune Response Is an Important Aspect of the Antitumor Effect Produced by a CD40L-Encoding Oncolytic Adenovirus
Authors: Diaconu Iulia , Cerullo Vincenzo , Hirvinen Mari L.M. , Escutenaire Sophie , Ugolini Matteo , Pesonen Saila K. , Bramante Simona , Parviainen Suvi , Kanerva Anna , Loskog Angelica S.I. , Eliopoulos Aristides G. , Pesonen Sari , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOncolytic adenovirus is an attractive platform for immunotherapy because virus replication is highly immunogenic and not subject to tolerance. Although oncolysis releases tumor epitopes and provides costimulatory danger signals, arming the virus with immunostimulatory molecules can further improve efficacy. CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) induces apoptosis of tumor cells and triggers several immune mechanisms, including a T-helper type 1 (TH1) response, which leads to activation of cytotoxic T cells and reduction of immunosuppression. In this study, we constructed a novel oncolytic adenovirus, Ad5/3-hTERT-E1A-hCD40L, which features a chimeric Ad5/3 capsid for enhanced tumor transduction, a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter for tumor selectivity, and human CD40L for increased efficacy. Ad5/3-hTERT-E1A-hCD40L significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo via oncolytic and apoptotic effects, and (Ad5/3-hTERT-E1A-hCD40L)–mediated oncolysis resulted in enhanced calreticulin exposure and HMGB1 and ATP release, which were suggestive of immunogenicity. In two syngeneic mouse models, murine CD40L induced recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells, leading to increased interleukin-12 production in splenocytes. This effect was associated with induction of the TH1 cytokines IFN-γ, RANTES, and TNF-α. Tumors treated with Ad5/3-CMV-mCD40L also displayed an enhanced presence of macrophages and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells but not B cells. Together, our findings show that adenoviruses coding for CD40L mediate multiple antitumor effects including oncolysis, apoptosis, induction of T-cell responses, and upregulation of TH1 cytokines. Cancer Res; 72(9); 2327–38. ©2012 AACR.
Vasoactive Peptides with Angiogenesis-Regulating Activity Predict Cancer Risk in Males
Authors: Belting Mattias , Almgren Peter , Manjer Jonas , Hedblad Bo , Struck Joachim , Wang Thomas J. , Bergmann Andreas , Melander Olle 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: Tumor development requires angiogenesis, and antiangiogenesis has been introduced in the treatment of cancer patients; however, how the cardiovascular phenotype correlates with cancer risk remains ill-defined. Here, we hypothesized that vasoactive peptides previously implicated in angiogenesis regulation predict long-term cancer risk.
Methods: We measured midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), and C-terminal preprovasopressin (copeptin) in fasting plasma from participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study that were free from cancer prior to the baseline exam in 1991 to 1994 (1,768 males and 2,293 females). We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine the time to first cancer event in relation to baseline levels of vasoactive peptides during a median follow-up of 15 years.
Results: First cancer events occurred in 366 males and in 368 females. In males, one SD increase of MR-proANP, copeptin, and MR-proADM was independently related to incident cancer [HR (95% CI)] by 0.85 (0.74–0.96), P = 0.012; 1.17 (1.04–1.32), P = 0.009; and 1.12 (0.99–1.26), P = 0.065, respectively, and a summed biomarker score identified an almost 2-fold difference in cancer risk between the top and bottom quartile (P &lt; 0.001). In younger males, the biomarker score identified a more than 3-fold increase in risk between the top and bottom quartile (P &lt; 0.001). Among females, we found no relationship between biomarkers and cancer incidence.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that vasoactive peptide biomarkers predict cancer risk in males, particularly in younger males.
Impact: Our findings may have implications for cancer risk prediction and present novel, potentially drug modifiable, mechanisms underlying cancer development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(3); 513–22. ©2012 AACR.