bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of NPK fertilization on Adlay or Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi L.), an alternatif forage crop
Authors: Sarijan A , Limbongan A , Sembiring J , Widijastuti R , Anwar A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of compound NPK fertilizer 15-15-15 on the growth and yield of hanjeli plants as animal feed for livestock. It was conducted using polybags from October to December 2021, located at the Screenhouse of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Musamus University. The study was designed in a randomized block design consisting of four fertilizer treatments with four replications. Each experimental unit contained six plant populations, and all were used as sample plants. The four applied treatments were as follows: without fertilization (P0), NPK fertilizer five g/polybag (P1), NPK fertilizer ten g/polybag (P2), and NPK fertilizer fifteen g/polybag (P3). The research results showed that fertilization affected plant height, leaf count, and stem diameter, but it did not affect germination power, tillers, and plant stove. Fertilization with a dosage of fifteen g/polybag (P3) resulted in the best growth and yield variables for all observations. The fresh harvest produced ranged from 0.73 kg to 0.96 kg per polybag.
Toxicity test of a mixture extracts neem leaf and mindi leaf
Authors: Mendes J A , Sembiring J , Susanti D S , Rupang M S , Yusuf M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Along with efforts to increase feed production, the main focus that is considered is the quality and quantity of animal feed. Animal feed raw materials come from plants such as cultivated grains, grass and straw. In the cultivation technique, a pest maintenance and control system is applied to avoid plant damage. The aim of this study was to test the toxicity of a mixture of neem and mindi leaf extracts against P. xylostella larvae. The test consisted of two extract ratios, namely 1:2 and 2:1. Each mixture was tested at four dose levels and repeated three times. Observations were made after 24 HAT, 48 HAT and 72 HAT. The results showed that the mortality in mixed extracts with a ratio of 1:2 showed a mortality of 47% and for a ratio of 2:1 extracts of neem leaves and mindi leaves the mortality was 40%.
Accuracy of single and mix calibration as method to determine ruminant feedstuffs nutrient utilization using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Putri SD , Despal  , Zain M , Rosmalia A , Zahera R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Including real-time data nutrient utilization from quick and accurate methods such as NIRS in a ration formulation improves feed efficiency. However, the homogeneity of the feedstuff sample set used in calibration influences its prediction accuracy and application. This study compares the calibration accuracy of ruminant feed nutrient utilization using a single or mixed calibration. Feedstuffs of different origins (Padang (24), Bandung (24), and Bogor (24)) consisting of forages (30) and concentrate (30) were used separately for single calibration or together for mixed calibration. 12 samples were used for external calibration. The spectrum of each sample was collected using FT-NIRS. The calibration used the PLS regression model. Parallel to the NIRS spectrum collection, nutrient utilization was observed using in vitro methods including degradation of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, rumen pH, VFA, and NH3 concentration. The results showed accuracy of nutrient utilization prediction varied between the parameters observed. Except for VFA, mixed calibration produced better accuracy (R2>0.83 and RPD>2.21) than single calibration. External calibration proved that NIRS prediction was not significantly different from the in vitro results (P > 0.05). It is concluded mixed ruminant feedstuffs database can be used accurately and broadly to estimate nutrient utilization using NIRS.
The health improvement of laying hen with probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius treatment as an alternative antibiotic growth promotor
Authors: Mahardhika BP , Kalsum U , Ali U , Darmayani DE , Firmansyah NT 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The use of Growth Promoter Antibiotics (AGP) can improve performance to increase profits for farmers. However, the use of AGP has been banned because the use of AGP can increase resistance in poultry and leave residues in poultry products. This research aims to evaluate the use of the probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius as an alternative to the use of AGP on the health of livestock as measured by the relative size of organs in laying hens aged 90 weeks. The experimental design in this research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consisting of 5 laying hens aged 90 weeks. The Data analysis used is an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey’s follow-up test will be carried out if there are significantly different data (P<0.005) The treatment in this study is P0 = control, P1 = PO + AGP, P2 = drinking water containing probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius 103, P3 = drinking water containing probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius 105, P4 = drinking water containing probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius 107. The results showed that the use of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius significantly (P<0.05) could improve the size of internal organs such as the liver, spleen, small intestine, and abdominal fat. The use of Lactobacillus salivarius at doses of 105 and 107 is the best dose as an alternative to using AGP to improve laying hen health.
The effectiveness of using maggot (Hermetia illucens) as a super native chicken feed ingredient
Authors: Praptiwi I I , Lesik M.M.N.N , Irianto A. , Gebze Y. , Salamony S.M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using maggots as a feed ingredient for super-native chickens. The parameters used include feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, and abdominal fat. The ingredients used include 30 super native chickens with an age of 12 weeks, feed ingredients in the form of corn, bran, soybean flour, maggot, Gamal leaves, minerals, and premixes. The study used a complete randomized design with 3 treatments repeated 5 times, the treatment included P0 as control without using maggot flour (0%); P1: Maggot flour concentration 10%; and P2: 20% maggot flour concentration. The stages in the study include preparation of ration formulas, maintenance for 4 weeks, and data analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed the highest protein content at 20% treatment at 17.76%, feed consumption, and feed conversion showed non-significant results, but the highest consumption value at P2 was 219.66 gr/week, and the best conversion at P2 was 0.92. Body weight gain, carcass weight, and abdominal fat showed a significant effect, the best value at P2, for weight gain 242 g / 4 weeks, carcass weight 82%, abdominal fat 0.42.
Betaine Alter SCFA-Producing Bacteria Population in Laying Pullet Reared in Tropical Climate
Authors: Wahid Zainudin Al , Pradista Lutfi Adya , Prastowo Sigit , Ratriyanto Adi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are crucial products of microbial fermentation in the gut, known to play a significant role in maintaining gastrointestinal health and the overall well-being of animals. Betaine, a naturally occurring compound found in various plant and animal sources, has been widely used as a feed additive in poultry production due to its potential benefits, including improved growth, osmoregulation, and liver function. This study examines the possible effects of betaine supplementation on SCFA-producing bacteria in laying pullets raised in tropical climates, mainly focusing on SCFA-producing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. In total, 96 laying hens strain Lohmann aged three weeks were assigned to two dietary treatments. Dietary treatments included a basal diet (control) and a basal diet supplemented with 1.2 g.kg-1 betaine. The next-generation sequencing method of the 16S rRNA gene region V3–V4 was applied to view the bacteria abundance. Betaine supplementation showed significantly higher population levels of Lactobacillus_agilis, Lactobacillus_aviarius, Lactobacillus_ingluviei, Lactobacillus_johnsonii, and Lactobacillus_saerimneri compared to the control group (P<0.05). In Bifidobacterium_pullorum bacteria, betaine administration shows insignificant results compared to control. In conclusion, betaine supplementation appears to have a positive impact on promoting the growth of certain beneficial Lactobacillus species in laying pullets reared in tropical climates.
Nutrient qualities hydroponic corn green fodder (HCGF) of yellow-maize on different harvest time
Authors: Kurniawan W , Napirah A , Isnaeni P D , Bain A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The supply of high-quality forage was inhibited by land availability and forage preparation time before it can be used as feed. Hydroponic corn green fodder (HCGF) technology may be a solution to this problem by supplying high-quality forage in short period of time in limited land resources. Yellow-maize is a potential seed for HCGF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient quality HCGF of yellow-maize harvested at 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, and 15th day. The design used was completely randomized design with four treatments. The results showed that the linear pattern was observed on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude fibre (CF), and crude protein (CP) content as the harvest day increased. The DM, OM, and CP content decreased while CF content increased in accordance with the longer HCGF harvest time. The best HCGF profile characterized by high DM content (25.01%) with sufficient CP content (20.09%) was observed in the 7th day harvest. In general, HCGF of yellow-maize harvested at 13th day showed increase in CF content (from 12.09% to 16.27%), and CP content (from 11.70% to 13.23%) compare to its grain.
Effect of soaking mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) with lime water on crude protein, crude fiber, and nitrogen free extract content as a ruminant feed
Authors: Ikhlas Z , Jamarun N , Elihasridas  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The mangrove plant is among the strees found growing in the seaside zone, one part by the mangrove plant that Could be utilized as livestock feed for ruminants is mangrove fruit. Mangrove fruit is usually rarely used so it only rots and pollutes the coast. The aim in thus study is to see effects by mangrove fruit tannin reduction with lime water on crude protein, crude fiber, and NFE content. This study used 4x3 Faktorial pattern group randominsation plan using 2 seplicates. The first factor is the concentration by lime water with 4 levels, that is T1 (1% lime water), T2 (3% lime water), T3 (5% lime water), T4 (7% lime water). The second factor is different soaking times with 3 times, namely 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes. The conclusion of the research on soaking mangrove fruit with lime water gives a very significantly different effect on crude protein, crude fibre, and NFE content. The highest crude protein content is in the A1B1 treatment with a grade of 8.1%, the best crude fibre was in the A3B3 treatment with a value of 24.91%, and NFE was in the A1B1 treatment with a value of 58.07%.
Physicochemical quality of rice bran pellets using different binder materials
Authors: Napirah A , Isnaeni P D , Bain A , Kurniawan W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rice bran is one of the by-products of the agricultural industry that is widely used as animal feed. Rice bran generally exhibits voluminous and dusty characteristics during transportation and storage, requiring special processing techniques to facilitate handling. Pelleting is one of the feed processing techniques that can reduce the volume and dust of feed material, including rice bran. However, one of the determining factors for the quality of pellets is the binder material. This study aims to evaluate rice bran pellets’ physical and chemical qualities using different binder materials: commercial binder LignoBond DD, tapioca flour, corn flour, and sago flour. The research parameters include durability, density, relative density, organic matter content, dry matter content, and crude protein content of the rice bran pellets. The study’s results indicate that the type of binder significantly affected the durability, relative density, and dry matter content but did not affect the rice bran pellets’ density, organic matter content, or crude protein content. The use of 3% corn flour as a binder shows durability and relative density of pellets that are relatively similar to LignoBond DD. Corn flour has the potential for utilization as a binder with similar qualities to LignoBond DD.
In-vitro digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen free extract from mixture Sorgum mutants BMR (Sorghum bicolor L moench) and Mirasolia diversifolia
Authors: Pazla R , Agustin F , Sriagtula R , Yanti G , Nawawy DFR 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research aims aim to obtain a combination of BMR mutant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and Mirasolia diversifolia in vitro based on crude fiber digestibility, crude fat digestibility, nitrogen-free extract digestibility in ruminant rations. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design experimental framework, involving the application of four treatments, each replicated four times. The treatment consisted of A (80% BMR mutant sorghum + 20% M. diversifolia), B (70% BMR mutant sorghum + 30% M. diversifolia), C (60% BMR mutant sorghum + 40% M. diversifolia), D (50% BMR mutant sorghum + 50% M. diversifolia). The study explored various variables, including the digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extracts. The analysis revealed a remarkably significant impact (p < 0.01) of the treatment on the digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extracts. The conclusions that can be drawn from this research suggest that the combination of BMR mutant sorghum and M. diversifolia in vitro was the best in treatment C, with 60% use of BMR mutant sorghum and 40% the use of M. diversifolia with a crude fiber digestibility value of 55.84%, a crude fat digestibility value of 58.47% and a digestibility value of extract material without nitrogen of 57.68%.
Effects of mineral premix feed supplement on immunity of laying white leghorn
Authors: Untari H D , Wibawa H , Susilaningrum S , Ariyadi B , Dono N D , Kurniawati A , Hanim C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The aim of the study is to ascertain how White Leghorn laying eggs are affected by supplemental organic mineral premixes on their immune systems. 72 White Leghorn laying hens that were 3 weeks old and had not received the avian influenza (AI) vaccine were used in this study. Three treatment groups were created from the samples. Each treatment in the study consisted of eight hens that were grown for 42 days in three duplicates. A control group (PM-0), which received commercial feed without any added mineral premix, a PM-0.25 group, which received commercial feed with a 0.25% mineral premix, and a PM-0.50 group, which received commercial feed with a 0.50% mineral premix, were the three groups that received the experimental treatments. Immunity, with an emphasis on hematology and lymphoid organ weight, was measured in this study. The acquired data were analyzed using analysis of variance in a one-way design. The proportion of eosinophils in the blood hematology profile indicated a significant difference, with the maximum value recorded in the treatment comprising the addition of 0.5% mineral premix (3.4%) and the lowest value observed in the control treatment (0.5%). There were no statistically significant differences in lymphocyte, monocyte, or heterophil percentages across the three treatment groups. There was no discernible effect of the substances on thymus and spleen weights or percentage weights. As a result, the inclusion of mineral premix in animal feed at a maximum concentration of 0.50% did not trigger the immune response but effectively maintained the eosinophil level within the established acceptable range.
The substitution of Arenga pinnata with Saccharum officinarium Linn in the manufacturing process of apple vinegar probiotics
Authors: Amizar R , Efendi A R , Zulkarnain  , Wizna  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of substituting Arenga pinnata (palm sugar) with Saccharum officinarium Linn (sugar cane) and replacing lime with vinegar in producing apple vinegar probiotics for poultry. The experimental design employed in this study was a complete randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments (A: palm sugar and lime, B: palm sugar and vinegar, C: sugar cane and lime, D: sugar cane and vinegar), each with five replicates. The parameters assessed included the total colonies of Acetobacter and Saccharomyces and the pH levels in the apple vinegar solution. The study revealed that the treatment had a significant effect (P>0.01) on pH levels, while the growth of Acetobacter and Saccharomyces colonies during probiotic fermentation of apple vinegar was not statistically significant (P<0.05). From the research findings, it can be concluded that Saccharum officinarium Linn (sugar cane) and vinegar can successfully replace Arenga pinnata (palm sugar) and lime in producing apple vinegar probiotics. The optimal treatment identified was Saccharum officinarium Linn (sugar cane) and vinegar, resulting in Acetobacter colonies of 108.8 x 107 CFU/mL, Saccharomyces colonies of 30.93 x 107 CFU/mL, and a pH level of 3.74.
Dry Season Biomass Production of Leucaena lecocephala cv Tarramba at 4 months regrowth and from Several Longer Regrowth Plants on Sandy Vertisol Soil at Naibonat, West Timor-Indonesia
Authors: Kana Hau D , Nulik J , Dami Dato T O , Basuki T , Matitaputty P R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The following paper is a continuation of the previous experiment on the wet season forage production of Leucaena leucocephala cv Tarramba already published. In the recent continuing experiment, measurements were conducted on two 4 months cutting intervals during the 2021 dry season and some additional data were also included from the measurements of biomass production of 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months plant stands to provide more complete information on edible forage and wood production. Data recorded included: leaf production, stem skin (bark) production, stem production, stem diameter, and plant height. With the current model (6,264 plants), the 1 year (2021) edible biomass can support 5 bulls at the first 2 months interval (January to February), and 2 bulls at the second two months interval (March to April), during the wet season. While at the first 4 months interval in 2021 during the dry season (May to August) the model can support 1.8 bulls, and about 2.5 bulls during the second 4 months cutting interval (September to December 2021). If the density is applied to 1 ha with 20.000 plants it may support 6-16 fattening bulls according to the season at biomass production.
Response of sea grapes (Caulerpa sp.) in diets on laying hens performance and egg quality
Authors: Sulistiawati D , Hafsah  , Damayanti A P , Rizal A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of dietary sea grapes (Caulerpa sp.) on laying hen performance and egg quality. Forty strain Lohmann layers of 56 weeks of age were randomly divided into five treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replicates, and each replicate used two chickens. The dietary treatments were assigned to the control group (T0 0% Caulerpa sp., T1 0.5% Caulerpa sp., T2 1% Caulerpa sp., T3 1.5% Caulerpa sp., and T4 2% Caulerpa sp.). The treatment diets were comprised of iso energy (2,900 ME kcal/kg) and iso protein (18%). Feed and drinking water were available ad libitum. Twenty hundred eggs were collected to measure the external and internal egg quality. The data collected included egg production (laying rate), egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), external egg quality (weight eggs, shell thickness), and internal egg quality (eggshell component, albumen height, yolk height, yolk color, and yolk antioxidant). A complete experiment was studied in four weeks. After analyzing the data statistically using a one-way ANOVA, we proceeded with the Tukey test to further examine the results. The results showed that dietary Caulerpa sp. until the 2% level did not affect laying hen performance or egg quality; however, 1.5% Caulerpa sp. reduced FCR and had high antioxidant activity.
Mapping Bali cattle breeding centers (Case study: South Konawe, Indonesia)
Authors: Abadi M , Nafiu L O , Saili T , Yunus L , Iswandi R M , Rianda L , Pagala M A , Alwi L O , Sani L O A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Breeding as part of the program to fulfill food from livestock needs to be organized carefully, especially in the breeding of local Indonesian livestock. Local livestock breeding can be cooperated with the private sector by strengthening supervision of the quality of seeds produced through certification or can also be implemented by forming a People’s Livestock Breeding Center that will multiply certified livestock seeds. This study aims to analyze and map the Village Breeding Center area in Tinanggea District, South Konawe Regency. There are only a few studies conducted to map the Village Breeding Center area in a Balinese cattle breeding area in Indonesia. The analysis method used was descriptive qualitative based on the technical guidelines for determining and managing seedling source areas based on Geographic Information System (GIS). This research was conducted in Tinanggea District of South Konawe Regency by mapping and determining the Village Breeding Center area in 13 villages and 11 supporting villages. In the end, the Village Breeding Center area will become a subcenter (main and supporting) in Tinanggea District as a Balinese cattle breeding area in meeting the needs of seedlings within the area and outside the area based on smallholder farming.
Strategy for the development of dairy farming in kampung susu lawu in sarangan village, plaosan district, magetan regency
Authors: Purnomo S H , Sari A I , Rahayu E T , Emawati S , Dewanti R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the livestock profile and development strategy for dairy farming in Kampung Susu Lawu in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency. This research was conducted in May-June 2023. The method used to determine the location and take samples was purposive sampling with 60 dairy cattle farmers as respondents who are members of the Livestock Group of Kampung Susu Lawu in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency, East Java. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats). The results of this study indicate that the dairy farming business incorporated in Kampung Susu Lawu is a small-scale community farm which is managed intensively. There are several business development strategies including SO, ST, WO and WT strategies. SO strategy by optimizing the productive age of human resources, ST strategy by strengthening the position of livestock groups and increasing efficiency in the use of production facilities, WO strategy by providing knowledge about marketing management, WT strategy by providing knowledge about pricing of dairy products. The quadrant position shown is quadrant II (0.11, -0.13) which indicates a business that has advanced but is facing challenges in trying or is in the ST quadrant. The strategy adopted is strategy diversification, meaning that it is necessary to form many tactical strategies or backup plans. The conclusion of this study is that the dairy farming business of Kampung Susu Lawu is managed intensively, oriented towards livestock business as a business, and has the potential to be developed based on SWOT analysis on quadrant 2 strategies, namely by making various strategies, maintaining strengths and minimizing these threats, such as strengthening the position of farmer-livestock groups by providing assistance, training and counseling, as well as increasing the efficiency of the use of production facilities.