bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interactive effect of marital conflict and stress reactivity on externalizing and internalizing symptoms: The role of laboratory stressors
Authors: Obradović Jelena , Bush Nicole R. , Boyce W. Thomas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGrowing evidence supports the biological sensitivity to context theory, which posits that physiologically reactive children, as indexed by autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity to laboratory stressors, are more susceptible to both negative and positive environmental influences than their low reactive peers. High biological sensitivity is a risk factor for behavioral and health problems in the context of high adversity, whereas in contexts of low adversity it has been found to promote positive adaptation. However, several studies have shown the opposite effect, finding that children who exhibited high ANS reactivity in response to interpersonal stressors were buffered from the deleterious effects of marital conflict, whereas children who showed low ANS reactivity were more vulnerable to high levels of marital conflict. Using an ethnically diverse sample of 260 kindergartners (130 girls, 130 boys), the current study investigated whether the interaction effect of marital conflict and the two branches of ANS reactivity on children's externalizing and internalizing symptoms differs with the nature of the laboratory challenge task used to measure children's stress response. As hypothesized, results indicate that the interaction between ANS reactivity and marital conflict significantly predicted children's behavior problems, but the direction of the effect varied with the nature of the challenge task (i.e., interpersonal or cognitive). This study illustrates the importance of considering the effect of laboratory stimuli when assessing whether children's ANS reactivity moderates the effects of adversity exposure on adaptation.
Biological sensitivity to context moderates the effects of the early teacher–child relationship on the development of mental health by adolescence
Authors: Essex Marilyn J. , Armstrong Jeffrey M. , Burk Linnea R. , Goldsmith H. Hill , Boyce W. Thomas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe moderating effects of biological sensitivity to context (physiological and behavioral stress reactivity) on the association between the early teacher–child relationship and the development of adolescent mental health problems were examined in a community sample of 96 children. Grade 1 measures of biological sensitivity to context included physiological (i.e., slope of mean arterial pressure across a 20- to 30-min stress protocol) and behavioral (i.e., temperamental inhibition/disinhibition) markers. Grade 1 measures of the teacher–child relationship included positive (i.e., closeness) and negative (i.e., conflict) qualities. Mental health symptoms were assessed at Grades 1 and 7. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated substantial association of the teacher–child relationship with the development of adolescent mental health symptoms, especially for more reactive children. In addition to teacher–child relationship main effects, all four Reactivity × Teacher–Child Relationship interaction terms were statistically significant when controlling for Grade 1 symptom severity, suggesting thatbothphysiologicalandbehavioral reactivity moderate the association ofbothadverseandsupportive aspects of the teacher–child relationship with Grade 7 symptom severity over and above Grade 1 severity. There were important differences, depending on which stress reactivity measure was considered. The importance of these findings for recent theoretical arguments regarding biological sensitivity to context and differential susceptibility is discussed.
Emerging self-regulation in toddlers born preterm or low birth weight: Differential susceptibility to parenting?
Authors: Poehlmann Julie , Schwichtenberg A. J. M. , Shlafer Rebecca J. , Hahn Emily , Bianchi Jon-Paul , Warner Rachael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe differential susceptibility to parenting model was examined in relation to toddler self-regulation in a prospective longitudinal study of infants born preterm or low birth weight. We followed 153 mother–infant dyads across five time points between the infant's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay and 24 months postterm. Assessments of infant temperament, quality of early parenting interactions, contextual variables, and toddler effortful control and behavior problems were conducted. Results supported differential susceptibility and dual risk models in addition to documenting main effects of early parenting on children's emerging self-regulation. Our data suggested that preterm or low birth weight infants who were prone to distress or rated by mothers as more difficult were particularly susceptible to the effects of early negative parenting.
Efficacy of a home-visiting intervention aimed at improving maternal sensitivity, child attachment, and behavioral outcomes for maltreated children: A randomized control trial
Authors: Moss Ellen , Dubois-Comtois Karine , Cyr Chantal , Tarabulsy George M. , St-Laurent Diane , Bernier Annie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe efficacy of a short-term attachment-based intervention for changing risk outcomes for children of maltreating families was examined using a randomized control trial. Sixty-seven primary caregivers reported for maltreatment and their children (1–5 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received 8 weekly home visits directed at the caregiver–child dyad and focused on improving caregiver sensitivity. Intervention sessions included brief discussions of attachment–emotion regulation-related themes and video feedback of parent–child interaction. Comparison of pre- and posttest scores revealed significant improvements for the intervention group in parental sensitivity and child attachment security, and a reduction in child disorganization. Older children in the intervention group also showed lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems following intervention. This is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of short-term attachment-based intervention in enhancing parental sensitivity, improving child security, and reducing disorganization for children in the early childhood period.
Relationship of maternal negative moods to child emotion regulation during family interaction
Authors: Dagne Getachew A. , Snyder James 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe relationship of maternal hostile and depressive moods to children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was assessed in a community sample of 267 5-year-old boys and girls. The speed of children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was based on real-time observations during mother–child interaction. The association of downregulation with maternal mood was estimated using Bayesian event history analysis. As mothers reported higher depressive mood, both boys and girls were faster to downregulate anger displays as those displays accumulated during mother child interaction. The speed of boys' downregulation of anger and of sadness/fear was not associated with maternal hostile mood. As mothers reported more hostile mood, girls were faster to downregulate displays of sadness/fear, but the speed of this downregulation slowed as those displays accumulated during ongoing mother–child interaction. These associations of child downregulation and maternal mood were observed after controlling for child adjustment. The data suggest frequent exposure to different negative maternal moods affect children's expression and regulation of emotions in relatively specific ways, conditional on the type of maternal mood, the type of child emotion, and child gender.
Reciprocal relations between parents' physical discipline and children's externalizing behavior during middle childhood and adolescence
Authors: Lansford Jennifer E. , Criss Michael M. , Laird Robert D. , Shaw Daniel S. , Pettit Gregory S. , Bates John E. , Dodge Kenneth A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUsing data from two long-term longitudinal projects, we investigated reciprocal relations between maternal reports of physical discipline and teacher and self-ratings of child externalizing behavior, accounting for continuity in both discipline and externalizing over time. In Study 1, which followed a community sample of 562 boys and girls from age 6 to 9, high levels of physical discipline in a given year predicted high levels of externalizing behavior in the next year, and externalizing behavior in a given year predicted high levels of physical discipline in the next year. In Study 2, which followed an independent sample of 290 lower income, higher risk boys from age 10 to 15, mother-reported physical discipline in a given year predicted child ratings of antisocial behavior in the next year, but child antisocial behavior in a given year did not predict parents' use of physical discipline in the next year. In neither sample was there evidence that associations between physical discipline and child externalizing changed as the child aged, and findings were not moderated by gender, race, socioeconomic status, or the severity of the physical discipline. Implications for the reciprocal nature of the socialization process and the risks associated with physical discipline are discussed.
Early adolescents' temperament, emotion regulation during mother–child interactions, and depressive symptomatology
Authors: Yap Marie B. H. , Allen Nicholas B. , O'Shea Melissa , di Parsia Patricia , Simmons Julian G. , Sheeber Lisa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study examined the relations among temperament, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms in early adolescents. Early adolescents provided self-reports of temperament on two occasions, as well as reports on emotion regulation and depressive symptomatology. Furthermore, 163 of these adolescents participated in event-planning and problem-solving interactions with their mothers. Adolescents with temperaments that were high in negative emotionality or low in effortful control displayed more emotionally dysregulated behaviors during the interaction tasks, reported having maladaptive responses to negative affect more often and adaptive responses less often, and had more depressive symptoms. In particular, adolescents with the high negative emotionality and low effortful control temperament combination reported the highest levels of depressive symptomatology. Sequential analyses of family interactions indicated that adolescents with more depressive symptoms were more likely to reciprocate their mothers' negative affective behaviors. Adolescents' adaptive and maladaptive responses to negative affect mediated the associations between their temperament and concurrent depressive symptoms.
Subgenual anterior cingulate responses to peer rejection: A marker of adolescents' risk for depression
Authors: Masten Carrie L. , Eisenberger Naomi I. , Borofsky Larissa A. , McNealy Kristin , Pfeifer Jennifer H. , Dapretto Mirella 
Published: January 2011

AbstractExtensive developmental research has linked peer rejection during adolescence with a host of psychopathological outcomes, including depression. Moreover, recent neuroimaging research has suggested that increased activity in the subgenual region of the anterior cingulate cortex (subACC), which has been consistently linked with depression, is related to heightened sensitivity to peer rejection among adolescents. The goal of the current study was to directly test the hypothesis that adolescents' subACC responses are predictive of their risk for future depression, by examining the relationship between subACC activity during peer rejection and increases in depressive symptoms during the following year. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, 20 13-year-olds were ostensibly excluded by peers during an online social interaction. Participants' depressive symptoms were assessed via parental reports at the time of the scan and 1 year later. Region of interest and whole-brain analyses indicated that greater subACC activity during exclusion was associated with increases in parent-reported depressive symptoms during the following year. These findings suggest that subACC responsivity to social exclusion may serve as a neural marker of adolescents' risk for future depression and have implications for understanding the relationship between sensitivity to peer rejection and the increased risk of depression that occurs during adolescence.
Exposure to peer delinquency as a mediator between self-report pubertal timing and delinquency: A longitudinal study of mediation
Authors: Negriff Sonya , Ji Juye , Trickett Penelope K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study examined exposure to peer delinquency as a mediator between pubertal timing and self-reported delinquency longitudinally and whether this mediational model was moderated by either gender or maltreatment experience. Data were obtained from Time 1, 2, and 3 of a longitudinal study of maltreatment and development. At Time 1 the sample comprised 454 children aged 9–13 years. Analyses via structural equation modeling supported full mediation. Gender did not moderate this mediational relationship, but maltreatment experience did. The results show that early maturing males and females are both at risk for being exposed to peers that may draw them into delinquent behavior. In addition, the mechanism linking early pubertal timing to delinquency differs depending on maltreatment experience.
Identity disturbance in adolescence: Associations with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Westen Drew , Betan Ephi , DeFife Jared A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough establishing a coherent identity is often viewed as a normative developmental task of adolescence, an important question is whether forms of identity disturbance seen in adult personality disorders can also be distinguished in adolescents. If so, such disturbances would constitute an essential target for research and clinical interventions. The goal of this study is to investigate the nature of identity disturbance in an adolescent clinical sample and to explore its links with personality pathology, particularly borderline personality disorder. A national random sample of 139 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists completed a battery of instruments on a randomly selected adolescent patient in their care, including measures of Axis II symptoms and the Identity Disturbance Questionnaire—Adolescent Version, an instrument designed for clinically experienced observers that assesses a wide range of manifestations of potential identity disturbance among adolescents. Factor analysis of the Identity Disturbance Questionnaire—Adolescent Version yielded four clinically and conceptually coherent factors that resembled dimensions previously identified in adults: lack of normative commitment, role absorption, painful incoherence, and lack of consistency. As in adults, identity disturbance in adolescents is a clinically meaningful, multidimensional construct exhibiting significant relationships with different forms of severe personality pathology, most notably borderline personality disorder. As such, identity disturbance can be a manifestation of psychopathology above and beyond the typical Sturm und Drang (storm and stress) of adolescence.
Longitudinal predictors of adult socioeconomic attainment: The roles of socioeconomic status, academic competence, and mental health
Authors: Slominski Lisa , Sameroff Arnold , Rosenblum Katherine , Kasser Tim 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEducational attainment and occupational status are key markers of success in adulthood. We expand upon previous research that focused primarily on the contributions of academic competence and family socioeconomic status (SES) by investigating the role of mental health in predicting adult SES. In a longitudinal study spanning 30 years, we used structural equation modeling to examine how parental mental health in early childhood and family SES, offspring academic competence, and offspring mental health in adolescence relate to occupational and educational attainment at age 30. Results were that adolescent academic competence predicted adult educational attainment, and that educational attainment then predicted occupational attainment. The pathways between academic competence and occupational attainment, family SES and educational attainment, and family SES and occupational attainment were not significant. In contrast, adolescent mental health not only predicted educational attainment, but was also directly related to adult occupational attainment. Finally, early maternal mental health was associated with offspring's adult socioeconomic attainment through its relations with adolescent academic competence and mental health. These results highlight the importance of mental health to adult socioeconomic attainment.
Gyrification and neural connectivity in schizophrenia
Authors: White Tonya , Hilgetag Claus C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere is emerging evidence for a connection between the surface morphology of the brain and its underlying connectivity. The foundation for this relationship is thought to be established during brain development through the shaping influences of tension exerted by viscoelastic nerve fibers. The tension-based morphogenesis results in compact wiring that enhances efficient neural processing. Individuals with schizophrenia present with multiple symptoms that can include impaired thought, action, perception, and cognition. The global nature of these symptoms has led researchers to explore a more global disruption of neuronal connectivity as a theory to explain the vast array of clinical and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. If cerebral function and form are linked through the organization of neural connectivity, then a disruption in neural connectivity may also alter the surface morphology of the brain. This paper reviews developmental theories of gyrification and the potential interaction between gyrification and neuronal connectivity. Studies of gyrification abnormalities in children, adolescents, and adults with schizophrenia demonstrate a relationship between disrupted function and altered morphology in the surface patterns of the cerebral cortex. This altered form may provide helpful clues in understanding the neurobiological abnormalities associated with schizophrenia.
3-Connected Cores In Random Planar Graphs
Authors: FOUNTOULAKIS NIKOLAOS , PANAGIOTOU KONSTANTINOS 
Published: January 2011

The study of the structural properties of large random planar graphs has become in recent years a field of intense research in computer science and discrete mathematics. Nowadays, a random planar graph is an important and challenging model for evaluating methods that are developed to study properties of random graphs from classes with structural side constraints.In this paper we focus on the structure of random 2-connected planar graphs regarding the sizes of their 3-connected building blocks, which we callcores. In fact, we prove a general theorem regarding random biconnected graphs from various classes. IfBnis a graph drawn uniformly at random from a suitable classof labelled biconnected graphs, then we show that with probability 1 −o(1) asn→ ∞,Bnbelongs to exactly one of the following categories:(i)either there is a uniquegiantcore inBn, that is, there is a 0 <c=c() < 1 such that the largest core contains ~cnvertices, and every other core contains at mostnαvertices, where 0 < α = α() < 1;(ii)or all cores ofBncontainO(logn) vertices.Moreover, we find the critical condition that determines the category to whichBnbelongs, and also provide sharp concentration results for the counts of cores of all sizes between 1 andn. As a corollary, we obtain that a random biconnected planar graph belongs to category (i), where in particularc= 0.765. . . and α = 2/3.
In silico comparative study of epitopes predicted from different strains of genus parvovirus.
Authors: Chamute Rahul , Jadhav Mahadev , Patil Anant 
Published: January 2011

AbstractParvoviruses are typically linear, non-segmented single-stranded DNA viruses, with an average genome size of 5000 nucleotides. Parvoviruses are some of the smallest viruses found in nature. Some have been found as small as 23 nm. Many types of mammalian species have a strain of parvovirus associated with them. Parvoviruses tend to be specific about the taxon of animal they will infect, but this is a somewhat flexible characteristic. Thus, all strains of parvovirus will affect dogs, wolves, and foxes, but only some of them will infect human. Parvovirus is treated with the help of vaccines but the traditional vaccine development process is very expensive and unsafe, with the help of insilico software tools and databases we can predict the epitopes of parvovirus species such as Canine parvovirus, Feline panleukopenia virus, H-1 virus, LUIII virus, Mink enteritis virus, Minute virus of mice, Porcine parvovirus, Raccoon parvovirus, by using Bepipred, CTLpred. These predictions will be useful for reverse vaccinology against parvoviruses infections for cattle and mankind.
Gas phase enthalpies of formation for potential nitro-substituted borazine high energy materials: A G4MP2 and G4 theoretical study
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGas phase (298.15 K, 1 atm) enthalpies of formation ([DELTA]~f~H~(g)~) were calculated at the G4MP2 and G4 levels of theory using the atomization energy approach for various nitro-substituted borazines proposed as high energy materials (HEMs). Modest general agreement was obtained between the G4MP2/G4 atomization energy [DELTA]~f~H~(g)~ estimates and those previously reported using density functional theory methods and homodesmic reaction approaches, with deviations ranging between +9.7 to -56.5 kJ/mol. The results should help constrain the actual enthalpies of formation for these potential HEMs, and suggest the nitroborazines are a particularly challenging case for [DELTA]~f~H~(g)~ calculations using theoretical approaches, requiring high-level composite methods to obtain reliable [DELTA]~f~H~(g)~.
Computational Studies Of Huntington Protein: Classification & Binding Pattern Determination
Authors: Chitranshi Nitin , Gupta Shipra 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor deficits, psychiatric deterioration, worsening chorea, cognitive impairment due to neuronal cell loss in the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and its fragments interactions with themselves and other biomolecules that results in aggregates , transcriptional repression , oxidative injury and mitochondrial dysfunction . The repeat domain of Huntingtin interacting protein (HIP) 14 (PDB id 3eu9) is used to study the structure based drug design. We made the selection of 50 different small molecules which were screened out through various fixed parameters and applied descriptors to generate the model for molecules that shows the drug likeness properties. We also used a docking algorithm to further find out the most suitable molecule which specifically binds to the HIP and refined this by simulation studies. The classifier is used to validate the training set of molecules with the test set. The interaction energy between the ligand and the protein was calculated and analyzed by using the semiempirical method. The results indicated that protein model can account for the regioselectivity of this protein towards the known ligands and van der Waals interactions were the driving force for the ligand binding. Several key resid