bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whether to Integrate R&D and Marketing: The Effect of Firm Competence
Authors: Rubera Gaia , Ordanini Andrea , Calantone Roger 
Published: May 2012

Integration of research and development (R&D) with marketing remains a frequent topic in the new product development (NPD) literature, largely because it represents a critical antecedent of new product performance (NPP). Two divergent opinions about this integration exist, such that those who contend that firms should pursue high levels of integration in every case provoke criticisms from those who propose that various NPD processes require different levels of integration. This paper proposes that the two perspectives can be reconciled by taking into account the fact that R&D and marketing are integrated mainly to combine critical knowledge (technological and market) that otherwise would be separate to achieve market success. Following Danneels's approach, we investigate how the effect of R&D–marketing integration on performance change across four types of NPD processes: pure exploitation, pure exploration, technological competence exploitation, and market competence exploitation.Data derived from a deep study of 11 NPD projects by five firms, analyzed through qualitative methods, highlight the necessity to vary the level of integration according to the type of competence to be developed during the NPD process. Our analysis suggests two main conclusions. First, the effect of integration depends strictly on the type of competence that the firm uses to develop and launch a new product. Second, integration does not have a unique effect on performance, but it is necessary to distinguish between market performance (e.g., sales and market share) and process performance (e.g., meeting the planned budget and time to market). In some projects, the effect of integration on the two types of performance is diametrically opposite. In particular, we propose that (1) higher performance will be associated with lower integration in pure exploitative projects; (2) in projects that exploit existing market knowledge, higher market performance will be associated with a higher integration, although these projects tend to offer poor process performance regardless of integration level; (3) in projects that exploit technical knowledge, higher performance will be associated with higher integration; and (4) higher integration will be associated with higher market performance but poorer process performance in pure explorative projects.
Putting the “Fun” in Fundamentalism: Religious Nationalism and the Split Self at Hindutva Summer Camps in the United States
Authors: Falcone Jessica Marie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSome Hindu immigrants to America – those who subscribe to Hindutva values – desire full rights and recognition in their adopted homeland even as they simultaneously demand that so‐called “migrants” to India (that is, Muslims and Christians whose communities have flourished in India for hundreds of years) acquiesce to their vision of India as a “Hindu state.” In an American racial landscape that structurally privileges whites, I argue that the cultural categorization of Hindu immigrants into a “lesser‐than‐whites” minority has only served to fuel the growth of Hindu supremacist groups in the United States. In this article, I draw on fieldwork with two Hindu American summer camps in order to show that some Hindu immigrants misrecognize and repress their own current alienation in a manner that has subsequently aggravated latent antipathies towards Muslim and Christian communities in India. [religion, alienation, ethnicity, Hinduism, diaspora, nationalism]
Shifting in the Zone: Latina/o Child Language Brokers and the Co‐construction of Knowledge
Authors: Eksner H. Julia , Orellana Marjorie Faulstich 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article we offer a new look at the dynamic nature of teaching and learning as we investigate everyday language‐brokering events in immigrant families. We consider how children and adult interlocutors collaborate in the construction of knowledge and examine language‐brokering activities as socially situated learning tasks that take place in dynamic zones of proximal development in which knowledge and authority are dynamically reassigned among participants. We present a mixed‐method analysis of everyday cognition entailed in language brokering engaged in by three children from Mexican families living in the Midwestern United States. [Zone of Proximal Development, language brokering, bilingualism, childhood]
Upper margin of para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in cervical cancer
Authors: OULDAMER LOBNA , FICHET‐DJAVADIAN SARA , MARRET HENRI , BARILLOT ISABELLE , BODY GILLES 
Published: May 2012

Abstract Patients with early stage cervical cancer routinely undergo pelvic lymphadenectomy. A para‐aortic lymphadenectomy is only performed in the setting of grossly enlarged lymph nodes. In patients with locally advanced disease, a para‐aortic lymphadenectomy is indicated particularly when pelvic nodes are suspicious for disease on preoperative imaging. There is no consensus about the extent of para‐aortic lymph node dissection in these patients. We reviewed relevant literature to determine the extension of para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in patients with cervical cancer in order to establish whether lymph node dissection up to the inferior mesenteric artery or higher to the level of renal vessels should be performed. We performed a systematic search (PubMed; up to June 2011) to review systematic complete para‐aortic lymphadenectomy. According to our search, eight women (1.09%) had isolated para‐aortic node metastases, of which two had only lymph node metastases above the inferior mesenteric artery.
Influence of dental education in motivational interviewing on the efficacy of interventions for smoking cessation
Authors: Schoonheim‐Klein M. , Gresnigt C. , van der Velden U. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimTo test whether education of dental students in motivational interviewing (MI) for smoking cessation counselling will increase the number of patients and students who quit smoking and will improve knowledge and attitudes of dental students towards tobacco cessation counselling.MethodsOver 2 years, during four successive undergraduate periodontal courses, student groups received either no education in MI or MI with increasing quality and extent of the education. Smoking habits were assessed before, and 1, 6 and 12 months after periodontal treatment by means of a questionnaire. In the same way, attitudes and knowledge related to tobacco cessation and the perceived quality of the education in MI of the students were evaluated.ResultsA significant reduction in smokers was achieved only in the group of students receiving the most extensive MI education followed by a formative assessment: 20% quit rate after 1 year for patients and 39% for students. Owing to MI education, the knowledge of the students on the relationship between smoking and periodontitis increased from 33% without MI to over 96% in the groups with MI.ConclusionEngaging dental students in smoking cessation with MI has promise when incorporated in the periodontal education.
A method for the geometric standardization of intraoral radiographs for long‐term follow up of replanted teeth: a case report
Authors: Hamanaka Elizane Ferreira , Poi Wilson Roberto , Salzedas Leda Maria Pescinini , Alves Lucieni Campoli , Panzarini Sônia Regina , Sonoda Celso Koogi , Martins Christine Men 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe interpretation of the set of radiographs taken during the follow‐up period after tooth replantation might pose several difficulties, especially the inability to adequately reproduce the projection geometry of the exposures. This article describes a method for the geometric standardization of intraoral radiographs using a custom‐made apparatus comprising a film‐holder attached to an occlusal splint for the long‐term follow up of dentoalveolar trauma. The method was applied in a patient who suffered an avulsion of the maxillary central incisors and had the teeth replanted after 4 h in saline storage. Endodontic treatment started 7 days after the trauma with changes of a calcium hydroxide intracanal medication every 15 days in the first 2 months and thereafter at 30‐day intervals for 8 months. Root canal filling was carried out after this period. The radiographic exposures taken at the follow‐up visits were standardized to identify the possible alterations during the repair process, such as root resorptions. A maxillary arch impression was made with alginate, and the model was cast in stone for fabrication of an acetate occlusal splint. The custom‐made apparatus used for standardization of the radiographic exposures was fabricated by fixing a Rinn X‐C‐P film‐holder and a 5‐mm‐long piece of 0.7‐mm orthodontic wire to the occlusal splint with autopolymerized acrylic resin. Radiographs were taken at 4‐month intervals, starting 10 months after replantation up to 76 months. The images were digitized and analysed using the Digora system. The length of the central incisors was determined to verify the reproduction of the projection geometry of the exposures and the orthodontic wire served to assess accuracy during length estimations in the radiographs. The method described in this article for geometric standardization of intraoral radiographs provided a consistent reproduction of the geometric exposure parameters, being indicated for use in the radiographic follow up of cases of dentoalveolar trauma.
Putting medications where they belong: Practical advice for managing type 2 diabetes in clinical practice
Authors: Unger Jeff , Hinnen Debbie , Schreiner Barbara , Parkin Chris 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurposeType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder that affects almost 24 million Americans. Healthcare providers often do not initiate and/or intensify therapy appropriately during patient visits, which may be due, in part, to a lack of understanding of the new diabetes medications. This review focuses on means by which primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) might evaluate the utility of pharmacologic agents based upon their relation to the pathogenesis of T2DM.Data sourcesThe evidence used in developing this review included evidence‐based reviews, clinical trials, cohort studies, position statements, and guidelines. The authors obtained relevant reports through a computerized search of the literature using PubMed, MEDLINE, and other search engines and scanning syllabi from national and international meetings on the subject of type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsMedications used to manage T2DM utilize different pharmacologic approaches. These include stimulating insulin production, reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis, slowing polysaccharide digestion, and increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle, liver, and fat to achieve euglycemia.Implications for practicePatients with T2DM should be treated to their lowest targeted glycemic goals as soon as they are diagnosed as safely and as rationally as possible. NPs in primary care practice can facilitate more effective diabetes management.
Effect of receptor specificity of A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) influenza virus variants on replication and transmission in pigs
Authors: Van Poucke Sjouke , Uhlendorff Jennifer , Wang Zhongfang , Billiau Veerle , Nicholls John , Matrosovich Mikhail , Van Reeth Kristien 
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as: Van Poucke et al. (2013) Effect of receptor specificity of A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) influenza virus variants on replication and transmission in pigs. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2) 151–159.Background  Several arguments plead for an important role of pigs in human influenza ecology, including the similar receptor expression pattern in the respiratory tract of both species. How virus receptor binding specificity affects transmission in pigs, on the other hand, has not been studied so far.Objectives  Using recombinant viruses R1‐HK, which harbored all genes from the original pandemic virus A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2), and R2‐HK, which differed by L226Q and S228G mutations in the hemagglutinin and conversion to an avian‐virus‐like receptor specificity, we assessed the role of receptor specificity on (i) replication in porcine respiratory explants, (ii) pig‐to‐pig transmission, and (iii) replication and organ tropism in pigs.Results  In nasal, tracheal, and bronchial explants, we noticed a 10‐ to 100‐fold lower replication of R2‐HK compared with R1‐HK. In the lung explants, the viruses replicated with comparable efficiency. These observations correlated with the known expression level of Siaα2,3‐galactose in these tissues. In the pathogenesis study, virus titers in the respiratory part of the nasal mucosa, the trachea, and the bronchus were in line with the ex vivo results. R2‐HK replicated less efficiently in the lungs of pigs than R1‐HK, which contrasted with the explants results. R2‐HK also showed a pronounced tropism for the olfactory part of the nasal mucosa. Transmissibility experiments revealed that pig‐to‐pig transmission was abrogated when the virus obtained Siaα2,3‐galactose binding preference.Conclusions  Our data suggest that Siaα2,6‐galactose binding is required for efficient transmission in pigs.
Effect of an annual benefit limit on adult dental expenditure and utilization: a cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Morrison Gwendolyn C. , Hendrix Kristin S. , Arling Greg , Hancock Emily , Hus Anna M. , Rosenman Marc B. , Swigonski Nancy L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives: Despite widespread use of dental benefit limits in terms of the types of services provided, an annual maximum on claims, or both, there is a dearth of literature examining their impact on either cost to the insurer or health outcomes. This study uses a natural experiment to examine dental care utilization and expenditure changes following Indiana Medicaid's introduction of a $600 individual annual limit on adult dental expenditure in 2003.Methods: In a before and after comparison, we use two separate cross‐sections of paid claims for 96+ percent of the Medicaid adult population. Paid claims were available as a per‐member‐per‐year (PMPY) figure.Results: Between 2002 and 2007, the eligible population decreased 3 percent (from 323,209 to 313,623), yet the number of people receiving any dental services increased 60 percent and total Medicaid dental claims increased 18 percent (from $34.1 million to $40.1 million). In both years, those Dually (Medicare/Medicaid) Eligible had the largest percentage of members receiving services, about 75 percent, and the Disabled Adult group had the lowest percentage (5‐8 percent), yet both populations are likely to have high dental need due to effects of chronic conditions and medications.Conclusions: The increase in the number and percentage of people receiving Diagnostic and Restorative care suggests that the expenditure limit's introduction did not impose a barrier to accessing basic dental services. However, among those receiving any service, PMPY claims fell by 37 percent and 31 percent among the Dually Eligible and Disabled Adults categories, respectively, suggesting that the benefit limit affected these generally high need populations most.
A citation analysis of systematic review and meta‐analysis published in Chinese journals
Authors: Du Liang , Chen Yaolong , Huang Jin , Li Youping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground The numbers of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta‐analyses (MAs) published in China have dramatically increased in recent years. Comprehensive analysis of their citation status may prove beneficial to the production and integration of high quality research, thereby increasing the quality of medical policy‐making, research, and clinical practice.Methods and Finds The Chinese Medical Citation Index (up to February 2010) was searched to identify SRs/MAs. Data were inputted using Microsoft Excel 2007 and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 software. A total of 2224 SRs/MAs were included. Among the 591 different publications distributed from 1994 to 2009, the median publication count per publication was two (1–270). The total citation count was 2796, with an average of 1.26 citations per publication (0–57 citation). SRs/MAs that were never cited amounted to 1380 papers (62.1%), distributed in 272 journals (46.0%). MAs were easier to find than SRs. The major conditions affecting citation were whether or not the report was published in a Western field (r = 0.287, P = 0.000); whether or not the report was published in an “evidence‐based” titled journal (r =−0.480, P = 0.002); and the length of time since publication (r = 0.455, P = 0.000). Since 2004, publication of SRs/MAs has exhibited a downward trend, forming a negative correlation with publication count.Conclusions Over half of the SRs/MAs included had never been cited by the time research had concluded. In many other cases these reports exhibited extremely low citation rates. Citation of traditional Chinese medicine SRs/MAs exceeded that of Western medicine studies. This indirectly suggests that the quality of SRs/MAs usage is relatively low in China. This may be a result of various reasons and suggests that emphasis should be placed on raising the quality of SRs/MAs and significance of practical application.
Lessons learned from the Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Shen Ji , Kang Junxing , Shi Yingkang , Li Youping , Li Yuanfeng , Su Lin , Wu Jianlin , Zheng Shangwei , Jiang Jie , Hu Weijian , Yang Yong , Tang Xuefeng , Wen Jin , Li Ling , Shen Jiantong , Zhong Dake 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives: To conclude experience and lessons from emergency medical rescue after Wenchuan Earthquake from national and overall review for consideration on worldwide catastrophe rescue in the future.Methods: To systematically collect huge amount of primary data, and to make analysis, draw conclusions and lessons in terms of five aspects respectively as quake‐damage conditions, command system, emergency medical rescue, prevention and control over infectious diseases as well as pairing‐assistance for medical system and service reconstruction.Results: 1. Numbers as of the death, injured and migrants made Wenchuan Earthquake ranked one of the top 9 catastrophes around the world during the past two decades. 2. Countermeasures such as four‐level linkage by nation‐province‐city‐county model, mutual assistance between military force and local forces, frontline commanding did effectively ensure the dispatch and cooperation among rescue forces. 3. Three‐leveled medical transfers, “four concentrations” prevention and treatment besides whole‐course rehabilitation at early stage managed to lower mortality and disability rate to minimum levels respectively. 4. “Four‐keynote infectious disease control” under whole coverage and “five measures and four reinforcement measures” in settlements made rates as for those infectious diseases under the average level as those in the 3 pre‐quake years. 5. Pairing‐assistance in terms of talents, finance, materials as well as capacity building between other 18 provinces/municipalities and those 18 extremely‐stricken/severely‐stricken areas in Sichuan Province guaranteed efficient post‐quake reconstruction, system reconstruction and long‐term mechanism construction.Conclusions: Successful experience from Wenchuan Earthquake could be summarized as: one goal as people‐oriented life‐rescuing. Two tasks as medical rescue for diseases of those injured and healthcare & anti‐epidemic for safe and sound of those lives. Three strategies respectively as medical transfers after on‐site triage, treatment for severe diseases in quake‐hit areas and rehabilitation in non quake‐hit areas for medical rescue, and quick post‐quake evaluation, quick promotion for whole coverage and scientific regulation in long term for healthcare & anti‐epidemic. Four measures as concentration for patients, experts, resources and treatment respectively for medical rescue, and key regions, key groups, key infectious diseases and key steps for healthcare & anti‐epidemic. Five links as overall commanding, medical rescue, healthcare and anti‐epidemic, physical/mental rehabilitation and post‐quake reconstruction. And whole course surveillance as information guidance, policy guarantee, data collection, evidence producing, effectiveness evaluation, and academic communication.
Subject, function, and trend in medical ethics research: a comparative study of Chinese and non‐Chinese literature using bibliometrics
Authors: Jiang Lanhui , Shen Jiantong , Li Youping , Deng Shaolin , Wu Taixiang , Chen Baoqing , Xie Zhiyi , Qin Chaoyi , Yu Zhiyuan , Qin Chuan , Huang Jin , Liu Xuemei , Li Yan , Jiang Jie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective: To perform a comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis of Chinese and non‐Chinese medical ethics literature using systematic research and literature analysis in order to discern research trends in the area and provide baseline data as a reference for relevant decision making and further study.Method: We retrieved articles using MeSH terms and keywords related to medical ethics in PubMed and CNKI, and then constructed a set of charts by applying word co‐occurrence, The Pathfinder Networks algorithms, an included subject chart, a research field relationship chart, and strategy coordination charts.Result: The total of number of papers retrieved from PubMed was six times that retrieved from CNKI. Outside China, medical ethics has been studied in eight fully shaped subject fields, including morals, ethical review, physician–patient relationships, clinical trials, euthanasia, ethics education, clinical ethics, and health policy. In contrast, medical ethics research in China is still confined to five subject fields: morals, physician–patient relations, medical ethics education, ethical review, and medical research.Conclusion: Medical ethics research outside China emphasizes the application of medical ethics to solve emerging problems in clinical and medical research. It is mainly centered on morals, ethical review, and physician–patient relations. By comparison, medical ethics research in China places greater emphasis on morals and medical education. In order to narrow this gap between China and other countries, we should broaden the research scope of medical ethics and add more applied research, such as ethical review and medical education.