bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reports
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter talks about the statutory duty of local authorities to provide information about a youth charged with a criminal offence. It explains that the duty of local authorities is extended to children’s services departments and education departments. It also points out that the information provided by authorities is most commonly done through the submission of sentencing reports. The chapter describes a pre-sentence report as a report made or submitted by an appropriate officer with a view to assisting the court in determining the most suitable method of dealing with an offender. It outlines how the statutory requirement to obtain and consider a pre-sentence report before deciding on a sentence gets much tighter in the case of a youth defendant.
Sentences Available in the Youth Court
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter details how the youth court may impose, for offenders aged under 18, an absolute or conditional discharge, a fine, a compensation order, a referral order, a youth rehabilitation order, a detention and training order, and a special sentence of detention for terrorist offenders of particular concern. It points out how a court may not suspend any custodial sentence imposed on an offender who was under the age of 18 on the date of conviction. It also looks at sentences that are only available in the Crown Court and are not available in the youth court for offenders aged under 18 on the date of conviction. The chapter lists long-term detention under the Sentencing Code, s 250, the special sentence of detention for terrorist offenders of particular concern, and the extended sentence of detention, as well as detention for life and detention during His Majesty’s pleasure.
Sexual Offences Notification Requirements
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the law relating to notification as a sex offender that is contained in the SOA 2003, Part II. It emphasizes that the regime applicable to offenders who were under the age of 18 at the time of the offence is substantially different to that applicable to adult offenders. It also covers the notification requirements that are triggered in a narrower set of circumstances and the notification period that is half that applicable to adult offenders. The chapter discusses how an offender becomes subject to the notification requirements if they are convicted of or cautioned for an offence listed in the SOA 2003, s 80. It reviews automatic notification requirements for the offender under 18 years at the time of the offence that are convicted or cautioned for offences in the SOA 2003.
Youth Rehabilitation Order
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the key concepts of a youth rehabilitation order (YRO). It enumerates the requirements of the court as part of the order, citing how a court is expected not to make a YRO unless it is of the opinion that the offence was serious enough to warrant such an order. Additionally, the court may extend the length of a YRO up to six months if the order requirements are incomplete. The chapter then presents the warrants and adjournments revolving around a YRO, such as specific sentencing codes. It then elaborates on the obligations of the responsible officer when a YRO is in force.
Routes to Trial on Indictment
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the routes to trial on indictment. It enumerates the conditions on when a youth can appear in the Crown Court for trial. The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 established the rules surrounding the circumstances when a youth may be sent to the Crown Court for trial on indictment. The Crown Court now has a general power to remit proceedings to the magistrates’ court. Moreover, the Crown Court must consider whether to send youth defendants back for trial and must give reasons if it does not remit. The chapter then discusses the changes to the powers of the youth court to committing sentence and guidance from the Sentencing Council, Court of Appeal, and High Court.
Remittal for Sentence
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses remittal for sentence. When the Crown Court exercises its remittal power, the remittal must be to a youth court acting for the place where the youth was sent to the Crown Court for trial, unless the court is satisfied that it would be undesirable to do so. The Court of Appeal suggests that in the case of a grave crime, it will generally be undesirable for the Crown Court to remit the case to the youth court for sentence. According to the Sentencing Children and Young People – Overarching Principles, the Crown Court judge must balance the need for expertise in the sentencing of young offenders with the benefits of sentences being imposed by the court which had determined guilt. The chapter considers the situation wherein a young person, jointly charged with an adult offender, appears before the Crown Court.
Sentences Available to Crown Court
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles the sentences available to the Crown Court, which include a fine, detention, and absolute or conditional discharge. It looks into how referral orders may only be made by a youth court or other magistrates' court. When a Crown Court judge imposes a youth rehabilitation order (YRO), the court's attention must be drawn to s 189 of the Sentencing Code (SC), which includes the Crown Court's power to direct magistrates' court supervision. The chapter presents the appropriate SC when a defendant is convicted of an offence whilst they are subject to a YRO. It also elaborates on the notion of long-term detention under SC, s 250.
Remittal to Adult Magistrates’ Court for Trial
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on remittal to adult magistrates' court for trial. It provides an overview of s 47 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, which revolves around the power of youth courts, including details surrounding the start of the trial. Section 47 does not explicitly distinguish between categories of offences. However, the provision cannot be used for indictable-only offences as the adult magistrates' court would have no sentencing powers in relation to similar offences, as per the judgment in R (Denny) v Acton Youth Court [2004] EWHC 948 (Admin); [2004] 2 All ER 961.
Responsibility for Financial Order
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into responsibility for payment of a financial order. It covers the different considerations applied to parents and guardians compared to local authorities with parental responsibility. Several provisions of the Sentencing Code provide the court with the duty and power to order a financial order to be paid by a parent or guardian instead of the offender themselves. The chapter clarifies the responsibility of local authorities to pay for the financial order if the offender was found to be in their care and parental responsibility had been acquired through a full care order. It considers when it is unreasonable to make financial orders against a local authority.
Parental Bind Over
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the decline of the imposition of parental bind overs. It cites that the making of a bind over requires consideration of its terms and the consent of the person being bound over. According to ss 376 and 377 of the Sentencing Code, the binding over of a parent or guardian applies where a person under 18 years old is convicted and a court is sentencing the offender for the offence. The Sentencing Children and Young People – Overarching Principles definitive guideline also provides assistance on orders imposed on parents. The chapter mentions that the parent who is made subject to a bind over has the right to appeal to the Crown Court.
Anti-social Behaviour Injunction
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on anti-social behaviour injunctions (ASBIs). It cites that ASBIs are governed by the Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 and that the Magistrates’ Courts (Injunction: Anti-Social Behaviour) Rules 2015 apply. An ASBI may be filed against any respondent who is 10 years old or older if two particular conditions are met. The chapter then considers the requirement to consult a Youth Offending Team before discussing the process of making an application for an ASBI. It explains interim injunctions, which last until the final hearing of the application or until further order, and applications without notice.
Breach of Gang Injunction
Authors: Ashford Mark , Branston Gareth , Redhouse Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the breach of gang injunctions. It cites that the Policing and Crime Act 2009 contains the powers of the court to deal with an alleged breach of a gang injunction. A constable may arrest a person whom the constable has reasonable cause to suspect to be in breach of that provision, but it must be reported to the person who applied for the injunction within a period of 24 hours. The chapter discusses how a person may apply to a relevant judge for the issue of a warrant for the respondent's arrest. It elaborates on the appearance before the youth court, the remand of the defaulter, and the powers of the court regarding the breach of an injunction.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Is Associated with Lower Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: May 2024

According to this study:

In adults with type 1 diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was associated with lower odds of developing diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.No associations were found between CGM use, insulin pump use, or the use of both CGM and an insulin pump with progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Nurse-Led Intervention Lowers Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People with HIV
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: May 2024

According to this study:

A nurse-led, multicomponent intervention significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with HIV.At 12 months, participants in the intervention group had a significant 4.2-mmHg lower systolic blood pressure and a 16.9-mg/dL lower non–HDL cholesterol level than those in the control group.
Fertility-Sparing Surgery for Stage I Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Song Bonnie B. , Anderson Zachary S. , Masjedi Aaron D. , Lee Matthew W. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Klar Maximilian , Roman Lynda D. , Wright Jason D. , Matsuo Koji 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:To describe population-level utilization of fertility-sparing surgery and outcome of reproductive-aged patients with early epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent fertility-sparing surgery in the United States.METHODS:This retrospective study queried the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Program. The study included 3,027 patients younger than age 50 years with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer receiving primary surgical therapy from 2007 to 2020.Fertility-sparing surgerywas defined as preservation of one ovary and the uterus for unilateral lesion and preservation of the uterus for bilateral lesions. Temporal trend of fertility-sparing surgery was assessed with linear segmented regression with log-transformation. Overall survival associated with fertility-sparing surgery was assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression model.RESULTS:A total of 534 patients (17.6%) underwent fertility-sparing surgery. At the cohort level, the utilization of fertility-sparing surgery was 13.4% in 2007 and 21.8% in 2020 (Pfor trend=.009). Non-Hispanic White individuals (2.8-fold), those with high-grade serous histology (2.2-fold), and individuals with stage IC disease (2.3-fold) had a more than twofold increase in fertility-sparing surgery utilization during the study period (allPfor trend<.05). After controlling for the measured clinicopathologic characteristics, patients who received fertility-sparing surgery had overall survival comparable with that of patients who had nonsparing surgery (5-year rates 93.6% vs 92.1%, adjusted hazard ratio 0.87, 95% CI, 0.57–1.35). This survival association was consistent in high-grade serous (5-year rates 92.9% vs 92.4%), low-grade serous (100% vs 92.2%), clear cell (97.5% vs 86.1%), mucinous (92.1% vs 86.6%), low-grade endometrioid (95.7% vs 97.7%), and mixed (93.3% vs 83.7%) histology (allP>.05). In high-grade endometrioid tumor, fertility-sparing surgery was associated with decreased overall survival (5-year rates 71.9% vs 93.8%, adjusted hazard ratio 2.90, 95% CI, 1.09–7.67). Among bilateral ovarian lesions, fertility-sparing surgery was not associated with overall survival (5-year rates 95.8% vs 92.5%,P=.364). Among 41,914 patients who had epithelial ovarian cancer with any age and stage, those younger than age 50 years with stage I disease increased from 8.6% to 10.9% during the study period (Pfor trend=.002).CONCLUSION:Nearly one in five reproductive-aged patients with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer underwent fertility-sparing surgery in recent years in the United States. More than 90% of reproductive-aged patients with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent fertility-sparing surgery were alive at the 5-year timepoint, except for those with high-grade endometrioid tumors.
Freeform robotic optical coherence tomography beyond the optical field-of-view limit
Authors: Fang Raymond , Zhang Pengpeng , Zhang Tingwei , Kim Daniel , Sun Edison , Kuranov Roman , Kweon Junghun , Huang Alex , Zhang Hao F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImaging complex, non-planar anatomies with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is limited by the optical field of view (FOV) in a single volumetric acquisition. Combining linear mechanical translation with OCT extends the FOV but suffers from inflexibility in imaging non-planar anatomies. We report the freeform robotic OCT to fill this gap. To address challenges in volumetric reconstruction associated with the robotic movement accuracy being two orders of magnitudes worse than OCT imaging resolution, we developed a volumetric registration algorithm based on simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) to overcome this limitation. We imaged the entire aqueous humor outflow pathway, whose imaging has the potential to customize glaucoma surgeries but is typically constrained by the FOV, circumferentially in mice as a test. We acquired volumetric OCT data at different robotic poses and reconstructed the entire anterior segment of the eye. The reconstructed volumes showed heterogeneous Schlemm’s canal (SC) morphology in the reconstructed anterior segment and revealed a segmental nature in the circumferential distribution of collector channels (CC) with spatial features as small as a few micrometers.
Chemigenetic far-red labels and Ca2+indicators optimized for photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Cook Alexander , Kaydanov Nikita , Ugarte-Uribe Begoña , Boffi Juan Carlos , Kamm Gretel B. , Prevedel Robert , Deo Claire 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTPhotoacoustic imaging is an emerging modality with significant promise for biomedical applications such as neuroimaging, owing to its capability to capture large fields of view, deep inside complex scattering tissue. However, the widespread adoption of this technique has been hindered by a lack of suitable molecular reporters for this modality. In this work, we introduce chemigenetic labels and calcium sensors specifically tailored for photoacoustic imaging, using a combination of synthetic dyes and HaloTag-based self-labelling proteins. We rationally design and engineer far-red “acoustogenic” dyes, showing high photoacoustic turn-ons upon binding to HaloTag, and develop a suite of tunable calcium indicators based on these scaffolds. These first-generation photoacoustic reporters show excellent performance in tissue-mimicking phantoms, with the best variants outperforming existing sensors in terms of signal intensity, sensitivity and photostability. We demonstrate the application of these ligands for labelling HaloTag-expressing neurons in mouse brain tissue, producing strong, specifically targeted photoacoustic signal, and provide a first example ofin vivolabelling with these chemigenetic photoacoustic probes. Together, this work establishes a new approach for the design of photoacoustic reporters, paving the way towards deep tissue functional imaging.
Multiaxial fatigue life prediction based on modular neural network pretrained with uniaxial fatigue data
Authors: Gan Lei , Wang Anbin , Zhong Zheng , Wu Hao 
Published: May 2024

PurposeData-driven models are increasingly being used to predict the fatigue life of many engineering components exposed to multiaxial loading. However, owing to their high data requirements, they are cost-prohibitive and underperforming for application scenarios with limited data. Therefore, it is essential to develop an advanced model with good applicability to small-sample problems for multiaxial fatigue life assessment.Design/methodology/approachDrawing inspiration from the modeling strategy of empirical multiaxial fatigue models, a modular neural network-based model is proposed with assembly of three sub-networks in series: the first two sub-networks undergo pretraining using uniaxial fatigue data and are then connected to a third sub-network trained on a few multiaxial fatigue data. Moreover, general material properties and necessary loading parameters are used as inputs in place of explicit damage parameters, ensuring the universality of the proposed model.FindingsBased on extensive experimental evaluations, it is demonstrated that the proposed model outperforms empirical models and conventional data-driven models in terms of prediction accuracy and data demand. It also holds good transferability across various multiaxial loading cases.Originality/valueThe proposed model explores a new avenue to incorporate uniaxial fatigue data into the data-driven modeling of multiaxial fatigue life, which can reduce the data requirement under the promise of maintaining good prediction accuracy.
Improving professional development through building contract administration (BCA) framework of housing projects for graduate architects
Authors: Tiew Si Yee 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe administration of a contract by the architect is necessary to ensure the contract is performed according to the conditions of the contract, compliance with related laws and the practices of the construction industry. With the increasing number of housing projects and the limited number of registered architects in the nation, the architect is unable to be hands-on with every project. Hence, the involvement of graduate architects to reduce the workload in building contract administration (BCA) is required. The purpose of this paper is to develop a BCA framework for graduate architects to enhance their work performance in BCA work and to assist them in moving a step closer to acquiring their professional qualifications.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a qualitative method where seven housing projects in Malaysia were selected as case studies to conduct documentation reviews and semistructured interviews. The data collected was analyzed using content analysis to develop the BCA framework. Focus groups were used to validate the framework.FindingsThis study summarized there are 5 themes (claims and legal matters management, project management, communication and relationship management, quality assessment and management, and design management) and 11 sub-themes (authority matters, building certification, meetings, coordination checklist, letter-writing, contract documentation, building material, design brief, building sustainability and workmanship quality standard, contractor’s submission and building details) that need to be improved by graduate architects in BCA work.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study to the existing knowledge is the development of a BCA framework that enables graduate architects to get a glimpse of architectural professional practice in reality and better prepare them to confront and resolve problems. Besides, the proposed framework could be incorporated into a pedagogy focusing on methods to support construction contract administrators.
Role of e-HRM strength and job stress on turnover intention among employees: mediating effect of concern for information privacy
Authors: Yadav Rama Shankar , Balasubramanian Girish , Dash Sanket Sunand 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of concern for information privacy between e-HRM and job stress that eventually develops a turnover intention among employees.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey questionnaire was used on working professionals employed in the service and manufacturing sectors. A total of 178 usable responses were collected adopting a convenient snowball sampling technique. PLS-SEM was used to analyze and investigate the hypothesized relationships.

Findings
The study found that higher perceptions of e-HRM strength led to less concern for information privacy breaches. Further, concern for information privacy was positively associated with employee job stress and turnover intention. A positive relationship between job stress and turnover intention among employees was also established. Moreover, perceived concern for information privacy fully mediated the relationship between e-HRM and job stress and, eventually, turnover intention among employees.

Practical implications
Organizations should focus on ensuring considerable e-HRM strength while adopting and implementing e-HRM practices; failing may lead to concerns for employee privacy, job stress and eventually turnover intention among employees.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is among the first few studies to identify perceived concern for information privacy as a consequence of e-HRM reflecting the dark side of e-HRM.
Muslims’ reluctance to social media campaigns about organ donation: an exploratory study
Authors: Nouira Olfa , Ayari Salma 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Despite the intense social media (SoMe) campaigns promoting organ donation, the direct impact on registration and transplantation rates remains unclear among Sunni Muslims who constitute a significant portion of Muslim population. Given the observed tendency to avoid engaging with SoMe content focused on organ donation promotion, this study aims to comprehend the reasons for reluctance among Sunni Muslims.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach comprising focus group and individual interviews was conducted among community manager of SoMe campaigns interested in promoting organ donation, Sunni Muslims subscribed on those SoMe platforms and certain members of the medical staff involved in transplant operations.

Findings
The results indicate that reluctance toward SoMe campaigns about organ donation is justified because of the creation of irrelevant content that does not align with the sociocultural characteristics of the majority Sunni Muslims who are the intended audience. Additional discussions are required concerning religious beliefs, the culture of altruism and the credibility of SoMe appeals.

Practical implications
This research could serve as a foundation upon which social organizations and associations, focused on public health promotion through SoMe, can build specific content designs tailored for Sunni Muslims.

Originality/value
The distinctive aspect of this research is founded upon the diverse perspectives of various stakeholders, which have the potential to impact the registration of Muslim users on SoMe as organ donors.