bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of spheroidal galaxies in different environments
Authors: Fritz A. , Ziegler B.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe analyse the kinematic and chemical evolution of 203 distant spheroidal (elliptical and S0) galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.8 which are located in different environments (rich clusters, low‐mass clusters and in the field). VLT/FORS and CAHA/MOSCA spectra with intermediate‐resolution have been acquired to measure the internal kinematics and stellar populations of the galaxies. From HST/ACS and WFPC2 imaging, surface brightness profiles and structural parameters were derived for half of the galaxy sample. The scaling relations of the Faber‐Jackson relation and Kormendy relation as well as the Fundamental Plane indicate a moderate evolution for the whole galaxy population in each density regime. In all environments, S0 galaxies show a faster evolution than elliptical galaxies. For the cluster galaxies a slight radial dependence of the evolution out to one virial radius is found. Dividing the samples with respect to their mass, a mass dependent evolution with a stronger evolution of lower‐mass galaxies (M < 2 × 1011 M⊙) is detected. Evidence for recent star formation is provided by blue colours and weak [OII] emission or strong Hδ absorption features in the spectra. The results are consistent with a down‐sizing formation scenario which is independent from the environment of the galaxies (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flat galaxies in the SDSS DR6
Authors: Kautsch S.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study presents the fractions of different spiral galaxy types from a complete and homogeneous sample of 15 127 edge‐on disk galaxies extracted from the sixth data release from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The sample is divided in broad morphological classes and sub types consisting of galaxies with bulges, intermediate types and galaxies which appear bulgeless. A small fraction of disky irregulars is also detected. The morphological separation is based on automated classification criteria which resemble the bulge sizes and the flatness of the disks. Each of these broad classes contains about 1/3 of the total sample. Using strict criteria for selecting pure bulgeless galaxies leads to a fraction of 15 % of simple disk galaxies (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The evolution of the gas content of galaxy groups
Authors: Wilcots E.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe examine multiple facets of the evolution of the gas content of galaxy groups. Complementing building evidence that a tremendous amount of galaxy transformation takes place in the group environment we find evidence of similar transformation of the gas content. In dynamically young groups galaxy‐galaxy interactions appear to be responsible for depositing large quantities of neutral gas into the intergalactic medium. The gas content of dynamically evolved groups, however, is characterized by extended halos of diffuse hot gas. We also find that groups may harbor significant quantities of heretofore undetected baryons and that feedback from AGN may be responsible for heating the intragroup medium (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energetic coupling between clustered lesions modulated by intervening triplet repeat bulge loops: Allosteric implications for DNA repair and triplet repeat expansion
Authors: Völker Jens , Plum G. Eric , Klump Horst H. , Breslauer Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractClusters of closely spaced oxidative DNA lesions present challenges to the cellular repair machinery. When located in opposing strands, base excision repair (BER) of such lesions can lead to double strand DNA breaks (DSB). Activation of BER and DSB repair pathways has been implicated in inducing enhanced expansion of triplet repeat sequences. We show here that energy coupling between distal lesions (8oxodG and/or abasic sites) in opposing DNA strands can be modulated by a triplet repeat bulge loop located between the lesion sites. We find this modulation to be dependent on the identity of the lesions (8oxodG vs. abasic site) and the positions of the lesions (upstream vs. downstream) relative to the intervening bulge loop domain. We discuss how such bulge loop‐mediated lesion crosstalk might influence repair processes, while favoring DNA expansion, the genotype of triplet repeat diseases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 355–369, 2010.This article was originally published online as an acceptedpreprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can reqest a copy of the preprint byemailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Determination of the absolute configurations at stereogenic centers in the presence of axial chirality
Authors: Polavarapu Prasad L. , Jeirath Neha , Kurtán Tibor , Pescitelli Gennaro , Krohn Karsten 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCephalochromin, a homodimeric naphthpyranone natural product, contains both axial chirality due to the hindered rotation along the biaryl axis and central chirality due to the C‐2, C‐2′ stereogenic centers of the fused pyranone ring. For determining the absolute configurations (ACs) of central chirality elements, different chiroptical spectroscopic methods, namely vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and optical rotation (OR), have been used. From these experimental data, in conjunction with corresponding quantum chemical predictions at B3LYP/6‐311G* level, it is found that the ECD spectra of cephalochromin are dominated by its axial chirality and are not suitable to distinguish the (aS,2S,2′S) and (aS,2R,2′R) diastereomers and hence to determine the ACs of the central chirality elements. OR signs also did not distinguish the (aS,2S,2′S) and (aS,2R,2′R) diastereomers. On other hand, VCD spectrum of cephalochromin exhibited separate spectral features attributable to axial chirality and stereogenic centers, thereby allowing the determination of both types of chirality elements. This is the first investigation demonstrating that, because of vibrations specific to the studied stereogenic centers, VCD spectroscopy can be used to simultaneously determine the ACs of axial and central chirality elements whenever other chiroptical methods (ECD and OR) fail to report on them. Chirality 21:E202–E207, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein phosphatase 2A subunit gene haplotypes and proliferative breast disease modify breast cancer risk
Authors: Dupont William D. , Breyer Joan P. , Bradley Kevin M. , Schuyler Peggy A. , Plummer W. Dale , Sanders Melinda E. , Page David L. , Smith Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major cellular phosphatase and plays key regulatory roles in growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Women who are diagnosed with benign proliferative breast disease are at increased risk for the subsequent development of breast cancer.METHODS:The authors evaluated genetic variation of PP2A holoenzyme subunits for their potential contribution to breast cancer risk. A nested case‐control investigation was performed on a cohort of women who had a history of benign breast disease. The women were followed for an average of 18 years, and DNA prepared from the original archival benign breast biopsy (1954‐1995) was available for 450 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer on follow‐up and for 890 of 900 women in a control group who were matched on race, age, and year of entry biopsy.RESULTS:Single allele‐based and haplotype‐based tests of association were conducted with assessment of significance by permutation testing. Significant risk and protective haplotypes of the PP2A structural/regulatory subunit A α isoform (PPP2R1A) were identified and had odds ratios of 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3‐2.1) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.41‐0.76), respectively. These odds ratios remained significant after the analysis was adjusted for multiple comparisons. Women who had both the PPP2R1A risk haplotype and a history of proliferative breast disease had an odds ratio of 2.44 (95% CI, 1.7‐3.5) for the subsequent development of breast cancer. The effects of haplotypes for 2 PP2A regulatory subunit genes, PP2 regulatory subunit B α isoform (PPP2R2A) and PP2A regulatory subunit B′ ϵ isoform (PPP2R5E) on breast cancer risk were nominally significant but did not remain significant after the analysis was adjusted for multiple comparisons.CONCLUSIONS:The current findings supported the previously hypothesized role of PP2A as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Bendamustine is effective therapy in patients with rituximab‐refractory, indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kahl Brad S. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Leonard John P. , Chen Ling , Ganjoo Kristen , Williams Michael E. , Czuczman Myron S. , Robinson K. Sue , Joyce Robin , van der Jagt Richard H. , Cheson Bruce D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Bendamustine hydrochloride is a novel alkylating agent. In this multicenter study, the authors evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of single‐agent bendamustine in patients with rituximab‐refractory, indolent B‐cell lymphoma.METHODS:Eligible patients (N = 100, ages 31‐84 years) received bendamustine at a dose of 120 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion on Days 1 and 2 every 21 days for 6 to 8 cycles. Histologies included follicular (62%), small lymphocytic (21%), and marginal zone (16%) lymphomas. Patients had received a median of 2 previous regimens (range, 0‐6 previous regimens), and 36%were refractory to their most recent chemotherapy regimen. Primary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR). Secondary endpoints were safety and progression‐free survival (PFS).RESULTS:An ORR of 75% (a 14% complete response rate, a 3% unconfirmed complete response rate, and a 58% partial response rate) was observed. The median DOR was 9.2 months, and median PFS was 9.3 months. Six deaths were considered to be possibly treatment related. Grade 3 or 4 (determined using National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 3.0.19]. reversible hematologic toxicities included neutropenia (61%), thrombocytopenia (25%), and anemia (10%). The most frequent nonhematologic adverse events (any grade) included nausea (77%), infection (69%), fatigue (64%), diarrhea (42%), vomiting (40%), pyrexia (36%), constipation (31%), and anorexia (24%).CONCLUSIONS:Single‐agent bendamustine produced a high rate of objective responses with acceptable toxicity in patients with recurrent, rituximab‐refractory indolent B‐cell lymphoma. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Flow immunocytochemistry of marker expression in cells from body cavity fluids
Authors: Krishan Awtar , Ganjei‐Azar Parvin , Hamelik Ronald , Sharma Deepti , Reis Isildinha , Nadji Mehrdad 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDiagnostic cytology based on the examination of cells from body cavity fluids misses ∼50% of patients with a proven malignancy. In an earlier study, we used immunohistochemical detection of epithelial membrane antigen expression with flow cytometric detection of DNA aneuploidy to reduce the number of false negatives. In the present study, we have combined DNA flow cytometry with flow cytometric detection of marker expression to analyze cells from body cavity fluids. Seventy‐nine specimens of ascites and pleural fluids were analyzed by diagnostic cytology, DNA flow cytometry, and for the expression of the following markers: Ber‐EP4, progesterone (PR), MUC4, and thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1). DNA index of equal to or greater than 1.2 was seen in 33/79 (41.7%) of the samples. Statistical analysis of 79 samples in which data from cytology, DNA aneuploidy, and expression of at least one of the markers was available showed that by combining data from positive marker expression with that of aneuploidy, the sensitivity was increased from 58.5 to 100%. In contrast, out of the 38 samples designated as non‐malignant by diagnostic cytology, nine had aneuploid DNA content and 16 of the diploid samples had a positive marker expression. Specificity was reduced from 74.7 to 31.6% due to the presence of aneuploidy and marker expression in these samples. ALDH1pos/CD44pos/CD24neg expression has been reported to be associated with human breast tumor stem cells. Some of our samples had cells with this phenotype. Flow cytometry offers the advantage of rapid multiparametric analysis of DNA aneuploidy and marker expression in cells from body cavity fluids based on the analysis of a large number of cells without observer bias. By further developing the use of specific markers and aneuploidy, it may be possible to refine flow cytometric analysis for rapid detection of malignant cells in body cavity fluids. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Normal table of postembryonic zebrafish development: Staging by externally visible anatomy of the living fish
Authors: Parichy David M. , Elizondo Michael R. , Mills Margaret G. , Gordon Tiffany N. , Engeszer Raymond E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe zebrafish is a premier model organism yet lacks a system for assigning postembryonic fish to developmental stages. To provide such a staging series, we describe postembryonic changes in several traits that are visible under brightfield illumination or through vital staining and epiflourescent illumination. These include the swim bladder, median and pelvic fins, pigment pattern, scale formation, larval fin fold, and skeleton. We further identify milestones for placing postembryonic fish into discrete stages. We relate these milestones to changes in size and age and show that size is a better indicator of developmental progress than is age. We also examine how relationships between size and developmental progress vary with temperature and density, and we document the effects of histological processing on size. To facilitate postembryonic staging, we provide images of reference individuals that have attained specific developmental milestones and are of defined sizes. Finally, we provide guidelines for reporting stages that provide information on both discrete and continuous changes in growth and development. Developmental Dynamics 238:2975–3015, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tricarbonylmanganese(I) and –rhenium(I) Complexes of Imidazol‐Based Phosphane Ligands: Influence of the Substitution Pattern on the CO Release Properties
Authors: Kunz Peter C. , Huber Wilhelm , Rojas Alfonso , Schatzschneider Ulrich , Spingler Bernhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTricarbonylmanganese(I) and ‐rhenium(I) complexes of the imidazolylphosphane ligands tris(imidazol‐2‐yl)phosphane (2‐TIPH), tris(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)phosphane (2‐TIPNMe), and tris[2‐isopropylimidazol‐4(5)‐yl]phosphane (4‐TIPiPr) as well as the phosphane oxide (4‐TIPOiPr) and sulfide (4‐TIPSiPr) ligands were prepared. These tris(imidazolyl) ligands act as N,N,N‐tripodal chelating ligands. The solid‐state structures of the manganese complexes [(2‐TIPNMe)Mn(CO)3]OTf and [(4‐TIPSiPr)Mn(CO)3]OTf as well as the rhenium compound [(4‐TIPOiPr)Re(CO)3]OTf were determined by X‐ray diffraction. The potential of these complexes as photoactivatable CO‐releasing molecules (CORMs) was studied with the UV/Vis spectroscopy‐based myoglobin assay. Within the series of compounds prepared, the substitution pattern of the imidazolyl groups was found to significantly influence the CO‐release efficiency and stoichiometry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Two New Iron(II) Spin‐Crossover Complexes with N4O2 Coordination Sphere and Spin Transition around Room Temperature
Authors: Weber Birgit , Obel Jaroslava , Henner‐Vásquez Dunie , Bauer Wolfgang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe reaction of iron(II) acetate with the tetradentate Schiff base like ligand H2L1 {[3,3′]‐[4,5‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)bis(2,4‐pentanedion)]} leads to the formation of the complex [FeL1(MeOH)]. Reaction of this complex with pyridine (py) or N,N′‐dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) leads to the two N4O2‐coordinated complexes [FeL1(py)2]·py (1) and [FeL1(dmap)2]·MeOH·0.5dmap (2). Both complexes are spin‐crossover compounds that were characterised by using magnetic measurements, X‐ray crystallography and temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy. Special attention was given to the role of the two hydroxy groups on the phenyl ring in the formation of a hydrogen‐bonding network and the influence of this network on the spin‐transition properties. Although only a gradual spin crossover was observed for both complexes, the transition temperature was shifted to higher temperatures relative to that of the complexes with no additional hydroxy groups at the Schiff base like ligand. The hydrogen‐bonding network was responsible for this effect.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Control of Exchange Interactions in Trinuclear Complexes Based on Orthogonal Magnetic Orbitals
Authors: Weber Birgit , Obel Jaroslava , Lorenz Lucia R. , Bauer Wolfgang , Carrella Luca , Rentschler Eva 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe reaction of copper(II) acetate with the tetradentate Schiff base like ligand H4L {(E,E)‐[{diethyl 2,2′‐[4,5‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(3‐oxobutanoate)}] leads to the formation of the square planar N2O2 coordinated complex [H2CuL]. Reaction of two equivalents of this complex with copper(II) acetylacetonato or vanadyl(IV) acetylacetonato yields the trinuclear complexes [V(O)Cu2L2][N(nBu)4]2·2MeOH (1) and [Cu3L2][N(nBu)4]2·2DMF (2). Both complexes were characterised by using magnetic measurements and X‐ray crystallography. Special attention was given to the spin‐exchange coupling through the bridging phenylene ring. The principle of strict orthogonality of the magnetic orbitals can be applied to explain the results of the susceptibility measurements. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Investigation into the reaction of 2‐amino‐4,5‐dimethylthiophene‐3‐carboxamide with iso(and isothio)cyanates under microwave irradiation
Authors: Davoodnia Abolghasem , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Atapour‐Mashhad Hoda , Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐amino‐4,5‐dimethyl‐ thiophene‐3‐carboxamide with iso(and isothio) cyanates for the synthesis of thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines has been investigated. The reactions under microwave irradiation in the presence of N,N‐dimethyl acetamide as solvent gave 5,6‐dimethylthieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione, 5,6‐dimethyl‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihy‐ drothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐one, and 2‐aryla‐ mino‐5,6‐dimethylthieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives. These reactions probably proceed through intermediates 4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐substitutedcarbamoth‐ ioylaminothiophene‐3‐carboxamides. Two of these intermediates were isolated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:346–349, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20557
Modelling evapotranspiration using discrete wavelet transform and neural networks
Authors: Partal Turgay 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study combines wavelet transforms and feed‐forward neural network methods for reference evapotranspiration estimation. The climatic data (air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity) from two stations in the United States was evaluated for estimating models. For wavelet and neural network (WNN) model, the input data was decomposed into wavelet sub‐time series by wavelet transformation. Later, the new series (reconstructed series) are produced by adding the available wavelet components and these reconstructed series are used as the input of the WNN model. This phase is pre‐processing of raw data and the main different of the WNN model. The performance of the WNN model was compared with classical neural networks approach [artificial neural network (ANN)], multi‐linear regression and Hargreaves empirical method. This study shows that the wavelet transforms and neural network methods could be applied successfully for evapotranspiration modelling from climatic data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training comparison among three professions prescribing psychoactive medications: psychiatric nurse practitioners, physicians, and pharmacologically trained psychologists
Authors: Muse Mark , McGrath Robert E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAcademic training leading to prescriptive authority is compared among psychiatric nurse practitioners, physicians, and pharmacologically trained psychologists. Statistics are presented on the relative emphasis that programs serving each discipline place on the preparation of their respective students in academic and clinical content areas that are relevant to the prescribing of psychoactive medication for the mental health population. An analysis of these statistics substantiates the assertion that pharmacologically trained psychologists are well prepared academically to incorporate prescriptive authority within their competencies. Indeed, the statistics point to multiple content areas in which the other professions are relatively deficient in comparison to pharmacologically trained psychologists' preparation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–8, 2010.
Access to indoles via Diels‐Alder reactions of 2‐vinylpyrroles with maleimides
Authors: Noland Wayland E. , Lanzatella Nicholas P. , Venkatraman Lakshmanan , Anderson Nicholas F. , Gullickson Glen C. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image Variously substituted 2‐vinylpyrroles underwent an endo‐addition [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with maleimides followed by a spontaneous highly diastereoselective (93–98% de) isomerization to give tetrahydroindoles in moderate to excellent yield. Treatment with activated MnO2 in refluxing toluene provided the corresponding indoles in moderate to good yield. This highly convergent methodology for formation of indoles is versatile and the starting materials are conveniently prepared. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
MALDI TOF‐TOF characterization of a light stabilizer polymer contaminant from polypropylene or polyethylene plastic test tubes
Authors: Sachon Emmanuelle , Matheron Lucrèce , Clodic Gilles , Blasco Thierry , Bolbach Gérard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDisposable plasticware such as plastic test tubes are routinely used in all proteomics laboratories. Additives in polymers are used to protect them against oxygen or ultraviolet (UV) light degradation. Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs) are of utmost importance in modern polyolefin (polypropylene, polyethylene) stabilization. In this article, we demonstrate that the manufacturing polymeric agent: poly‐(N‐β‐hydroxyethyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐piperidinyl succinate), known as Tinuvin‐622 or Lowilite 62, from the HALS family, leaches from laboratory polypropylene or polyethylene plastic test tubes into the standard solvents for sample preparation. The analysis of these polluted samples by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, in the positive mode, shows highly contaminated mass spectra, due to the high sensitivity of this technique. These contaminants have mass range and mass defect similar to those of peptides arising from the digestion of a protein in a conventional proteomics study. Therefore, they can be really harmful for proteomics studies, leading to misattributions, preventing any protein identification. In this article, an MS and MS/MS fingerprint of this pollutant is given and some pieces of advice to avoid it are proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.