bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional diversity loss and taxonomic delays of European freshwater fish and North American breeding birds
Authors: Kuczynski Lucie , Bastidas Urrutia Ana Maria , Hillebrand Helmut 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Biodiversity is temporally dynamic, reflecting historical environmental conditions and influencing ecosystem stability. Colonisation and extinction dynamics frequently exhibit asynchronous patterns, resulting in net imbalances and thus to long‐lasting richness trends. If these trends are not functionally random, functional net imbalances between colonisations and extinctions (fNICE) are likely to emerge.

Using community time series data of European freshwater fish and North American breeding birds, we investigated how fNICE differs from its taxonomic equivalent (tNICE), to provide a comprehensive picture of biodiversity dynamics.

Our findings reveal that taxonomic and functional delays are a prevalent feature, challenging the assumption of an immediate response to environmental changes. Taxonomic delays manifest as extinction debts and colonisation credits, while functional delays indicate a shift in the balance between functional gains and losses over time. Moreover, we found that taxonomic and functional imbalances are not always directly correlated, although some specific patterns were found consistently for fish and birds.

Early colonisations outpaced functional gains, indicating that although new species arrived earlier than the extinction of other species, the acquisition of new functional traits lagged. Although this may temporarily stabilise communities, as functional redundancy can mitigate loss of function via local extinctions, excessive redundancy can compromise biodiversity's capacity to respond to environmental variations, thereby undermining long‐term resilience.

In conclusion, understanding the intricate temporal dynamics of biodiversity responses is paramount for effective conservation practices. While short‐term observations may suggest an equilibrium between diversity and the environmental conditions, our results underscore the importance of considering long‐term dynamics and the interplay between species traits and changing environments. The metrics tNICE and fNICE are valuable tools for quantifying these temporal dynamics and unravelling their consequences for ecosystem stability. Incorporating these insights into conservation strategies can aid in proactively preserving biodiversity and safeguarding the integrity of ecosystems.

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Rare case of multiple self‐inflicted gunshot wounds to the chest in Poland
Authors: Wrocławski Adrian , Karnecki Karol , Kaliszan Michał , Gos Tomasz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultiple gunshot suicides are relatively rare and present significant challenges for investigators and forensic pathologists. In such cases, assessing the possibility of more than one shot being fired can be crucial in distinguishing homicide from suicide. We present a rare case of multiple self‐inflicted gunshot wounds to the chest with severe injury to the heart and left lung. Both the sudden, unexpected death of the man, the unknown source of the firearm, and the number and nature of the injuries sustained seemed quite unusual. The investigation revealed that the wounds were self‐inflicted at close range, and the interval between successive shots (estimated by witnesses at up to 2 min) suggests that even multiple gunshot wounds perforating the heart and lungs may not necessarily cause immediate incapacitation. Forensic investigations in such cases should be multi‐faceted and include full autopsy and ballistics expertise, as well as witness testimony and medical history.
Artificial water point use by large African mammals in a small enclosed savannah‐woodland reserve: Insights from an 8‐year study
Authors: Nieman Willem A. , Leslie Alison J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaintaining water availability is crucial for sustaining wildlife populations in African savannah ecosystems, especially in semi‐arid regions where natural surface water sources are limited. The establishment of Artificial Water Points (AWPs) has become a common management strategy in protected areas to mitigate the effects of water scarcity. This study investigated the spatio‐temporal patterns of mammal visitation to AWPs in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, over an eight‐year period using motion‐triggered camera traps. The study documented a total of 34 medium‐ to large‐sized mammal species, with warthog, waterbuck, impala and yellow baboon being the most frequently captured. Temporal analysis reveals diurnal visitation patterns, with peak activity during mid‐day hours, and seasonal variations, with most species exhibiting increased visitation during the hot‐dry season. Spatial analysis identifies preferences for AWPs proximate to perennial rivers and tourist infrastructure, emphasising the role of habitat features and human presence in AWP utilisation. Management implications include the need for tailored strategies addressing species‐specific behaviours and habitat conditions, alongside ongoing monitoring efforts to ensure the sustainability of wildlife populations and ecological integrity. Despite the inherent limitations of camera trap methodology, this study provides valuable insights into AWP management strategies essential for conserving biodiversity in semi‐arid environments.
Editorial: Mucosal healing with steroids: Once upon a time in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Barreiro‐de Acosta Manuel , Rodríguez‐Lago Iago 
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Fukuda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18013 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18111
Christian anthropology‐based contributions to the ethics of socially assistive robots in care for older adults
Authors: Gastmans Chris , Sinibaldi Edoardo , Lerner Richard , Yáñez Miguel , Kovács László , Palazzani Laura , Pegoraro Renzo , Vandemeulebroucke Tijs 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOur society, in general, and health care, in particular, faces notable challenges due to the emergence of innovative digital technologies. The use of socially assistive robots in aged care is a particular digital application that provokes ethical reflection. The answers we give to the ethical questions associated with socially assistive robots are framed by ontological and anthropological considerations of what constitutes human beings and how the meaning of being human relates to how these robots are conceived. Religious beliefs and secular worldviews, each of which may participate fully in pluralist societies, have an important responsibility in this foundational debate, as anthropological theories can be inspired by religious and secular viewpoints. This article identifies seven anthropological considerations grounded in the synthesis of biblical scriptures, Roman Catholic documents, and recent research literature. We highlight the inspirational quality of these anthropological considerations when dealing with ethical issues regarding the development and use of socially assistive robots in aged care. With this contribution, we aim to foster a global and inclusive dialogue on digitalization in aged care that deeply challenges our basic understanding of what constitutes a human being and how this notion relates to machine artefacts.
Comprehensive genomic profiling from C‐CAT database unveiled over 80% presence of oncogenic drivers in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma including BRAF, RAS family, NF1, and FGFR1
Authors: Saito Yuki , Kage Hidenori , Kobayashi Kenya , Kamogashira Teru , Fukuoka Osamu , Yamamura Koji , Yamashita Satoshi , Tanabe Masahiko , Oda Katsutoshi , Kondo Kenji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is considered a very aggressive carcinoma and has been difficult to treat with therapeutic strategies. This study examines the landscape of genomic alteration in ATC, including the BRAF V600E mutation, and its clinical implications.Design, Patients and MesurementA retrospective observational study was conducted using collected at the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C‐CAT) in Japan, utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling data from 102 ATC cases. Additionally, AACR‐GENIE data from 267 cases were analysed for validation. Statistical methods, including the conditional Kendall tau statistic and χ2 tests, were employed for survival analysis and gene mutation comparisons.ResultsAmong 102 ATCs, BRAF, RAS, and other driver mutations were found in 83 cases (81.2%). The prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations was as high as 60%. Co‐mutation analysis identified different genomic profiles in the BRAF, RAS, and wild‐type groups. Despite the diverse molecular backgrounds, no significant differences in clinical variables and overall survival were observed. The analysis considering left‐side amputation suggested that RAS mutations had a poorer prognosis. In the BRAF/RAS wild‐type group, FGFR1 and NF1 were identified as driver mutations, with an accumulation of copy number variations and less TERT promoter mutations. This molecular subgrouping was also supported by the AACR‐GENIE data.ConclusionsComprehensive genomic analysis of ATC in Japan revealed distinct molecular subgroups, highlighting the importance of BRAF V600E mutations, particularly V600E, as potential therapeutic targets and suggest the relevance of tailor‐made therapeutic strategies based on genomic profiling.
Angle‐based minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in normal tension glaucoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oo Hnin Hnin , Hong Ashley Shuen Ying , Lim Sheng Yang , Ang Bryan Chin Hou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review and meta‐analysis quantitatively examines the efficacy of angle‐based minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG).MethodsA literature search was performed on Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library from inception until 20 December 2022. Pilot, cohort, observational studies and randomised controlled trials including at least 5 subjects undergoing angle‐based MIGS (trabecular‐bypass devices, excisional trabeculotomy, goniotomy and ab‐interno canaloplasty) for NTG, with or without cataract surgery, were included. Meta‐analysis of continuous outcome using the meta routine in R version 2022.12.0+353 was performed to determine mean intraocular pressure (IOP) and anti‐glaucoma medication (AGM) reduction post‐operatively.ResultsOf the 846 studies initially identified, 15 studies with a pooled total of 367 eyes which underwent combined phacoemulsification and angle‐based MIGS were included for final meta‐analysis. Outcomes of the iStent were reported in 5 studies, iStent inject in 7 studies, Hydrus Microstent in 1 study, Kahook Dual Blade in 3 studies, and Trabectome in 2 studies. There was significant reduction in both IOP and AGM post‐operatively at 6 months (2.44 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.83–3.06; 1.21 AGM, 95%CI: 0.99–1.44), 12 months (2.28 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.71–2.84; 1.18 AGM, 95%CI: 0.90–1.47), 24 months (2.10 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.51–2.68; 1.26 AGM, 95%CI: 0.85–1.68) and 36 months (2.43 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.71–3.15, 0.87 AGM, 95%CI: 0.21–1.53) (all p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis on combined phacoemulsification‐iStent inject surgery demonstrated a reduction in both IOP (2.31 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.07–3.56, p < 0.001) and AGM (1.07 AGM, 95%CI: 0.86–1.29, p < 0.001) at 12 months post‐operatively.ConclusionsAngle‐based MIGS combined with phacoemulsification effectively reduces IOP and AGM in NTG eyes for up to 36 months after surgery.
Bi‐allelic variants in MYH3 cause recessively‐inherited arthrogryposis
Authors: Morali Burcin , Miranda Valancy , Raelson John , Grimard Guy , Glavas Peter , Audibert François , Dumont Nicolas A. , Barone Julia , Bamshad Michael , Lemyre Emmanuelle , Campeau Philippe M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArthrogryposis is a clinical feature defined by congenital joint contractures in two or more different body areas which occurs in between 1/3000 and 1/5000 live births. Variants in multiple genes have been associated with distal arthrogryposis syndromes. Heterozygous variants in MYH3 have been identified to cause the dominantly‐inherited distal arthrogryposis conditions, Freeman–Sheldon syndrome, Sheldon–Hall syndrome, and multiple pterygium syndrome. In contrast, MYH3 variants underlie both dominantly and recessively inherited Contractures, Pterygia, and Spondylocarpotarsal Fusion syndromes (CPSFS) which are characterized by extensive bony abnormalities in addition to congenital contractures. Here we report two affected sibs with distal arthrogryposis born to unaffected, distantly related parents. Sequencing revealed that both sibs were homozygous for two ultra‐rare MYH3 variants, c.3445G>A (p.Glu1149Lys) and c.4760T>C (p.Leu1587Pro). Sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis of 169 other arthrogryposis genes yielded no other compelling candidate variants. This is the first report of biallelic variants in MYH3 being implicated in a distal arthrogryposis phenotype without the additional features of CPSFS. Thus, akin to CPSFS, both dominant and recessively inherited distal arthrogryposis can be caused by variants in MYH3.
Beyond ExaBricks: GPU Volume Path Tracing of AMR Data
Authors: Zellmann Stefan , Wu Qi , Sahistan Alper , Ma Kwan‐Liu , Wald Ingo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is becoming a prevalent data representation for HPC, and thus also for scientific visualization. AMR data is usually cell centric (which imposes numerous challenges), complex, and generally hard to render. Recent work on GPU‐accelerated AMR rendering has made much progress towards real‐time volume and isosurface rendering of such data, but so far this work has focused exclusively on ray marching, with simple lighting models and without scattering events or global illumination. True high‐quality rendering requires a modified approach that is able to trace arbitrary incoherent paths; but this may not be a perfect fit for the types of data structures recently developed for ray marching. In this paper, we describe a novel approach to high‐quality path tracing of complex AMR data, with a specific focus on analyzing and comparing different data structures and algorithms to achieve this goal.
From Delays to Densities: Exploring Data Uncertainty through Speech, Text, and Visualization
Authors: Stokes Chase , Sanker Chelsea , Cogley Bridget , Setlur Vidya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and communicating data uncertainty is crucial for making informed decisions in sectors like finance and healthcare. Previous work has explored how to express uncertainty in various modes. For example, uncertainty can be expressed visually with quantile dot plots or linguistically with hedge words and prosody. Our research aims to systematically explore how variations within each mode contribute to communicating uncertainty to the user; this allows us to better understand each mode's affordances and limitations. We completed an exploration of the uncertainty design space based on pilot studies and ran two crowdsourced experiments examining how speech, text, and visualization modes and variants within them impact decision‐making with uncertain data. Visualization and text were most effective for rational decision‐making, though text resulted in lower confidence. Speech garnered the highest trust despite sometimes leading to risky decisions. Results from these studies indicate meaningful trade‐offs among modes of information and encourage exploration of multimodal data representations.
HORA 3D: Personalized Flood Risk Visualization as an Interactive Web Service
Authors: Rauer‐Zechmeister Silvana , Cornel Daniel , Sadransky Bernhard , Horváth Zsolt , Konev Artem , Buttinger‐Kreuzhuber Andreas , Heidrich Raimund , Blöschl Günter , Gröller Eduard , Waser Jürgen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe propose an interactive web‐based application to inform the general public about personal flood risks. Flooding is the natural hazard affecting most people worldwide. Protection against flooding is not limited to mitigation measures, but also includes communicating its risks to affected individuals to raise awareness and preparedness for its adverse effects. Until now, this is mostly done with static and indiscriminate 2D maps of the water depth. These flood hazard maps can be difficult to interpret and the user has to derive a personal flood risk based on prior knowledge. In addition to the hazard, the flood risk has to consider the exposure of the own house and premises to high water depths and flow velocities as well as the vulnerability of particular parts. Our application is centered around an interactive personalized visualization to raise awareness of these risk factors for an object of interest. We carefully extract and show only the relevant information from large precomputed flood simulation and geospatial data to keep the visualization simple and comprehensible. To achieve this goal, we extend various existing approaches and combine them with new real‐time visualization and interaction techniques in 3D. A new view‐dependent focus+context design guides user attention and supports an intuitive interpretation of the visualization to perform predefined exploration tasks. HORA 3D enables users to individually inform themselves about their flood risks. We evaluated the user experience through a broad online survey with 87 participants of different levels of expertise, who rated the helpfulness of the application with 4.7 out of 5 on average.
Object detection for caries or pit and fissure sealing requirement in children's first permanent molars
Authors: Jiang Chenyao , Zhai Shiyao , Song Hengrui , Ma Yuqing , Fan Yachen , Fang Yancheng , Yu Dongmei , Zhang Canyang , Han Sanyang , Wang Runming , Liu Yong , Chen Zhenglin , Li Jianbo , Qin Peiwu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDental caries, a common oral disease, poses serious risks if untreated, necessitating effective preventive measures like pit and fissure sealing. However, the reliance on experienced dentists for pit and fissures or caries detection limits accessibility, potentially leading to missed treatment opportunities, especially among children. To bridge this gap, we leverage deep learning in object detection to develop a method for autonomously identifying caries and determining pit and fissure sealing requirements using smartphone oral photos. We test several detection models and adopt a tiling strategy to reduce information loss during image pre‐processing. Our implementation achieves 72.3 mAP.5 with the YOLOXs model and tiling strategy. We enhance accessibility by deploying the pre‐trained network as a WeChat applet on mobile devices, enabling in‐home detection by parents or guardians. In addition, our data set of children's first permanent molars will also aid in the broader study of pediatric oral disease.
Behandlung der mukokutanen Leishmaniose – eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Fischer Theresa , Fischer Marcellus , Schliemann Sibylle , Elsner Peter 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie mukokutane Leishmaniose ist eine schwere Infektionskrankheit, die überwiegend in Zentral‐ und Südamerika endemisch ist und sich klinisch mit granulomatösen, destruierenden Schleimhautläsionen im Mund‐Nasen‐Rachenraum manifestiert. Sie wird durch Protozoen, Leishmania spp., ausgelöst, die durch Sandmücken auf den Menschen übertragen werden. Sie tritt nach vorangegangener kutaner Leishmaniose auf, wenn diese nicht oder nur unzureichend behandelt wurde und kommt gehäuft bei immunsupprimierten Patienten vor. Das Ziel dieser systematischen Übersicht besteht darin, alle publizierten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für die mukokutane Leishmaniose zusammenzufassen. Sie basiert auf allen englischen, deutschen, französischen, spanischen und portugiesischen Artikeln, die in den Datenbanken „PubMed“ und „Lilacs“ von 1995 bis 2020 veröffentlicht wurden. Die medizinische Literatur beschränkt sich auf Einzelfallberichte, kleine Fallserien, retrospektive Studien und nur wenige randomisierte kontrollierte Studien. Zu den Therapieoptionen gehören pentavalente Antimonverbindungen wie Megluminantimonat oder Natriumstibogluconat, Amphotericin B (liposomal, Desoxycholat, Lipidkomplex, kolloidale Dispersion), Miltefosin und Pentamidin. Weitere mögliche Therapien sind Itraconazol, Fluconazol, Ketoconazol, Aminosidinsulfat und Azithromycin. Die Wahl des geeigneten Medikaments richtet sich in erster Hinsicht nach der Verfügbarkeit im Endemiegebiet und den begleitenden Erkrankungen des Patienten.
Treatment intensification following glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: Comparative effectiveness analyses between different basal insulins. RESTORE‐G real‐world study
Authors: Napoli Raffaele , Nicolucci Antonio , Larosa Monica , Rossi Maria Chiara , Candido Riccardo ,   the RESTORE‐G (Retrospective analysis on the therapeutic approaches after GLP‐1 RA treatment in type 2 diabetes patients) Study Group
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the effectiveness of different basal insulins (BI) prescribed as an add‐on to or switch from glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) therapy.Materials and MethodsRetrospective, real‐world data from electronic medical records of 32 Italian diabetes clinics were used, after propensity score adjustment, to compare effectiveness after 6 months of treatment with second‐ versus first‐generation BI (2BI vs. 1BI) or glargine 300 U/ml versus degludec 100 U/ml (Gla‐300 vs. Deg‐100), when added to (ADD‐ON) or in substitution of (SWITCH) GLP‐1 RA. Only comparisons, including a minimum of 100 patients per group, were performed to ensure adequate robustness of the analyses.ResultsIn the ADD‐ON cohort (N = 700), greater benefits of 2BI versus 1BI were found in glycated haemoglobin {HbA1c; estimated mean difference: −0.32% [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.62; −0.02]; p = .04} and fasting blood glucose [FBG; −20.73 mg/dl (95% CI −35.62; −5.84); p = .007]. In the SWITCH cohort (N = 2097), greater benefits of 2BI versus 1BI were found in HbA1c [−0.22% (95% CI −0.42; −0.02); p = .03], FBG [−10.15 mg/dl (95% CI −19.04; −1.26); p = .03], and body weight [−0.67 kg (95% CI −1.30; −0.04); p = .04]. In the SWITCH cohort starting 2BI (N = 688), marked differences in favour of Gla‐300 versus Deg‐100 were documented in HbA1c [−0.89% (95% CI −1.26; −0.52); p < .001] and FBG [−17.89 mg/dl (95% CI −32.45; −3.33); p = .02]. Using propensity score matching as a sensitivity analysis, the benefit on HbA1c was confirmed [−0.55% (95% CI –1.02; −0.08); p = .02]. BI titration was suboptimal in all examined cohorts.Conclusions2BI are a valuable option to intensify GLP‐1 RA therapy. Switching to Gla‐300 versus Deg‐100 was associated with greater HbA1c improvement.