bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General Characterization of Systematic and Stochastic Errors
Authors: Halaj Martin 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The basic definitions and the nature of systematic and random errors are stated. General sources of systematic and random errors are mentioned, being documented by examples of their four main error sources. Basic information on probability distribution and statistical description of random errors behavior is presented. The nature of systematic and random errors is compared and their effect on probability distribution is shown. The relationship between errors and measurement results is shown and some examples are given.
Executing a Measuring System Design
Authors: Sydenham Peter H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
On the basis of the appreciation of System Thinking, it is possible to carry out a system design using the tenets of System Engineering. Identifying the type of system being designed, defining the system in closed‐loop design terms, specifying the need, requirements generation, partitioning, interface issues, test and evaluation, and applying SE principles to a project are covered in this article.
Principle of Concept of Operations (
Con
Ops
)
Authors: Ring Jack 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Successful design and development of any measurement system is enhanced by first authoring a Concept of Operations (ConOps). The ConOps serves to clarify how the contemplated measurement system will be used, converge diverse opinion about system value versus capabilities and provide a basis for stating the measures of effectiveness by which the system will be judged.
Too often system designers rush to solicit requirements for system function, feature, performance, and price without sufficient understanding of the opportunities for, and limitations of, the ways the system can generate added value in actual operation. The ConOps helps ensure due process and avoid delays, overruns, and failures in measurement system development projects.
Differential Pressure (
DP
) Flowmeters
Authors: Reader‐Harris Michael 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Differential pressure (DP) flowmeters are the most common type of flowmeter. They have the advantage of good standards. Orifice plates in particular can be used over a very wide range of Reynolds number, but very rarely require calibration as long as they are manufactured in accordance with the standards. DP flowmeters normally have no moving parts, but can suffer from aging. They require quite substantial upstream lengths, but have the advantage that the required lengths are fairly well known.
Flowmeter Selection and Application
Authors: Reader‐Harris Michael 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
No single flowmeter is equally good for all applications, and given the large number of flowmeters that are commercially available, choosing the right flowmeter for a particular application can be difficult. The advantages and limitations of the 10 different classes of flowmeter are discussed, and factors that should be taken into account when considering the installation of a flowmeter are considered.
Displacement and Angle Sensors Performance and Selection
Authors: Eren Halit 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Displacement is a broad term associated with the motion of an object or the change in its position. In colloquial terms, a change in the position of the object can be small (which can be measured in micrometers and nanometers) or it can be very large (which can be measured in meters, kilometers, and light‐years). However, in measurement systems, when the term displacement is used, it usually implies that change in the relative position is very small, within meters to micrometers or less. Displacement is basically a vector quantity representing the change in position of a body with respect to a reference point or change from one stable point to another one. Since displacement is a fundamental concept in many measurement systems, many devices have been developed on the basis of different principles. The measurement ranges of these devices can vary from a few meters to nanometers.
It is important to mention that most sensors discussed in this article are manufactured as integrated circuit (IC) sensors that include most of the necessary signal processing circuits on board the chip.
Strain Sensors
Authors: Sydenham Peter H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The thin‐foil strain gauge is the basis of many sensors. The strain variable is first discussed and how its measurement is influenced by temperature and other parameters. The general principles of the installation and calibration of strain gauges are outlined. Metallic and semiconductor gauges are discussed, as is their compensation for thermal error. Signal processing is then covered. A brief introduction is provided on how to investigate strains with nonelectrical methods.
Specialty Displacement and Angle Sensors
Authors: Eren Halit 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Displacement sensors can be classified as contact types and noncontact types. Typical examples of contact type displacement sensors are resistive or potentiometric, capacitive, magnetic, and piezoelectric sensors. Some capacitive and magnetic sensors, optical, radio frequency (RF) and microwave sensors, sonic displacement sensors constitute the noncontact types. In this article, unusual and less‐used displacement sensors are explained; however, the basic underlying principles are the same as the common displacement sensors.
M
etallic
R
esistance
T
emperature
D
etectors (
RTDs
)
Authors: Hofmann Dietrich 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Understanding a process begins by identifying all of the important factors and responses. Temperature measurement is one of the most applied methods for acquiring original knowledge about the performance of industrial and nonindustrial processes. The aim of the article is to give an overview about fundamental principles, characteristics, and applications of resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). For further information, the numerous cited Web addresses are recommended.
Calibration and Standards in Temperature Measurement
Authors: White D. R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe ITS‐90 temperature scale is essentially a recipe for manufacturing thermometers that indicate temperatures close to the thermodynamic temperature scale. The dependence of thermal conductivity on temperature distinguishes three calibration regimes. Below 150 K, material properties change quickly with temperature, and above 350°C, thermal conductivity is dominated by electromagnetic radiation. The thermal physics and reference thermometers available influence the techniques employed in the calibration of other thermometers.
Genetic deficiency of carnitine/organic cation transporter 2 (slc22a5) is associated with altered tissue distribution of its substrate pyrilamine in mice
Authors: Kato Sayaka , Kato Yukio , Nakamura Tadakatsu , Sugiura Tomoko , Kubo Yoshiyuki , Deguchi Yoshiharu , Tsuji Akira 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCarnitine/organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2) recognizes various cationic compounds as substratesin vitro, but information on its pharmacokinetic rolein vivois quite limited. This paper demonstrates altered tissue distribution of the OCTN2 substrate pyrilamine in juvenile visceral steatosis (jvs) mice, which have a hereditary defect of theoctn2gene. At 30 min after intravenous injection of pyrilamine, the tissue‐to‐plasma concentration ratio (Kp) in the heart and pancreas was higher, whereas theKpin kidney and testis was lower injvsmice compared with wild‐type mice. Pyrilamine transport studies in isolated heart slices confirmed higher accumulation, together with lower efflux, of pyrilamine in the heart ofjvsmice. The higher accumulation in heart slices ofjvsmice was abolished by lowering the temperature, by increasing the substrate concentration, and in the presence of other H1antagonists or another OCTN2 substrate, carnitine, suggesting that OCTN2 extrudes pyrilamine from heart tissue. On the other hand, the lower distribution to the kidney ofjvsmice was probably due to down‐regulation of a basolateral transporter coupled with OCTN2, because, injvsmice, (i) theKpof pyrilamine in kidney assessed immediately after intravenous injection (∼1 min) was also lower, (ii) the urinary excretion of pyrilamine was lower, and (iii) the uptake of pyrilamine in kidney slices was lower. The renal uptake of pyrilamine was saturable (Km∼236 µM) and was strongly inhibited by cyproheptadine, astemizole, ebastine and terfenadine. The present study thus indicates that genetic deficiency ofoctn2alters pyrilamine disposition tissue‐dependently. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Properties of Multiferroic BiFeO3 under Hydrostatic Pressure.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Yusa Hitoshi , Hirao Naohisa , Ohishi Yasuo , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Insight into Ramsdellite Li2Ti3O7 and Its Proton‐Exchange Derivative.
Authors: Orera Alodia , Azcondo M. Teresa , Garcia‐Alvarado Flaviano , Sanz Jesus , Sobrados Isabel , Rodriguez‐Carbajal Juan , Amador Ulises 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic Fingerprint of Phase‐Incoherent Superconductivity in the Underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ.
Authors: Lee Jhinhwan , Fujita K. , Schmidt A. R. , Kim Chung Koo , Eisaki H. , Uchida S. , Davis J. C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Transport Behavior of Nanocrystalline Nd0.67A0.33MnO3 (A: Ca, Sr, Pb and Ba).
Authors: Krishna D. C. , Lakshmi Y. Kalyana , Sreedhar B. , Reddy P. Venugopal 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ce1‐xRuxO2‐δ (x = 0.05, 0.10): A New High Oxygen Storage Material and Pt, Pd‐Free Three‐Way Catalyst.
Authors: Singh Preetam , Hegde M. S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: How to Overcome Coulomb Explosions in Labile Dications by Using the [B12Cl12]2‐ Dianion.
Authors: Knapp Carsten , Schulz Christoph 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism of a Polyoxometalate with Coordinatively Unsaturated d‐Electron‐Transition Metal Centers.
Authors: Luo Zhen , Koegerler Paul , Cao Rui , Hill Craig L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ag13I4(AsO4)3: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Ionic Conductivity.
Authors: Pitzschke Dragan , Curda Jan , Jansen Martin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Amidation of Alkynyl Bromides: A Facile Route for the Preparation of Ynamides.
Authors: Yao Bangben , Liang Zunjun , Niu Tianmin , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrosilylation of Ketone and Imine over Poly‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene Particles.
Authors: Tan MeiXuan , Zhang Yugen , Ying Jackie Y. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Bond Formation via C—H Bond Activation Using an in situ Generated Ruthenium Catalyst.
Authors: Martinez Remi , Simon Marc‐Olivier , Chevalier Reynald , Pautigny Cyrielle , Genet Jean‐Pierre , Darses Sylvain 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 1‐Alkenes to (E)‐2‐Alkenes with Dimethylphenylsilylmethylmagnesium Chloride and Its Application to the Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐Alkenylsilanes.
Authors: Kobayashi Tsuneyuki , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐(Disilylallenyl) α‐Amino Acid Derivatives from the Claisen Rearrangement of Propargyl Glycinates.
Authors: Mohamed Mustafa , Brook Michael A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Radical Reduction Through Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions (CHAT‐Reactions).
Authors: Gansaeuer Andreas , Otte Matthias , Piestert Frederik , Fan Chun‐An 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid Based Synthesis of Trifluoromethylalkene Dipeptide Isosteres by Alcohol‐Assisted Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation and Organozinc—Copper‐Mediated SN2′ Alkylation.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuya , Narumi Tetsuo , Oishi Shinya , Ohno Hiroaki , Fujii Nobutaka 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Ring‐Opening of Oxiranes by H2O2 Catalyzed by Phosphomolybdic Acid.
Authors: Li Yun , Hao Hong‐Dong , Wu Yikang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 1,1′‐Disubstituted Bis‐cyclopropanes by the Reaction of Substituted Propargyl Alcohols with CH2I2—R3Al.
Authors: Ramazanov Ilfir R. , Yumagulova Alsu V. , Dzhemilev Usein M. , Nefedov Oleg M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiol Addition to t‐Butyl Methyl Squarate. Efficient Synthesis of Novel Sulfur‐Linked Squaryl Group‐Containing Glutamate Analogues.
Authors: Shinada Tetsuro , Yamasaki Atsuko , Kiniwa Yu‐ichi , Shimamoto Keiko , Ohfune Yasufumi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Supramolecular Copper(II) Complexes for Henry and Aza‐Henry Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Yashima Eiji , Woggon Wolf‐D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Samarium Enolates, a Novel Alternative in the Addition Reactions to Imines. Synthesis of 3‐Amino Esters, Amides and Enantiopure 3,4‐Diamino Esters.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Simal Carmen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Interesting Nickel‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes with Arylborates.
Authors: Sakurai Fumie , Kondo Kazuhiro , Aoyama Toyohiko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Fast Synthesis of New Axially Chiral Bipyridine N,N′‐Dioxides for Highly Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Kadlcikova Aneta , Hrdina Radim , Valterova Irena , Kotora Martin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic syn‐ and anti‐Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Raj Monika , Parashari Gopal S. , Singh Vinod K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple System for Cleavage of Alkene C—C Bond Using Aqueous Sodium Paraperiodate.
Authors: Telvekar Vikas N. , Mishra Sanket J. , Patel Dharmeshkumar J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NbCl5 as an Efficient Catalyst for Chemoselective Synthesis of 1,1‐Diacetates under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Gao Shu‐Tao , Zhao Ying , Li Chao , Ma Jing‐Jun , Wang Chun 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Guanidinyl Pyrrolidine Salt‐Based Bifunctional Organocatalysts: Application in Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Malonates to Enones.
Authors: Riguet Emmanuel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Terminal Alkynes to β‐Imino Esters: An Efficient and Direct Method in the Synthesis of Chiral β3‐Alkynyl β2,2‐Dimethyl Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Jun , Shao Zhihui , Yu Kai Ding Wing Yiu , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic Bridged Bis(amidinate) Lithium Lanthanide Complexes: Efficient Bimetallic Catalysts for Mild Amidation of Aldehydes with Amines.
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Li Junmei , Xu Fan , Shen Qi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.