bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of nanoneedle-cell membrane collision: minimum magnetic force and initial kinetic energy for penetration
Authors: Rostami M , Ahmadian M T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims and objectives: This research aims to develop a kinetic model that accurately captures the dynamics of nanoparticle impact and penetration into cell membranes, specifically in magnetically-driven drug delivery. The primary objective is to determine the minimum initial kinetic energy and constant external magnetic force necessary for successful penetration of the cell membrane. Model Development: Built upon our previous research on quasi-static nanoneedle penetration, the current model development is based on continuum mechanics. The modeling approach incorporates a finite element method and explicit dynamic solver to accurately represent the rapid dynamics involved in the phenomenon. Within the model, the cell is modeled as an isotropic elastic shell with a hemiellipsoidal geometry and a thickness of 200 nm, reflecting the properties of the lipid membrane and actin cortex. The surrounding cytoplasm is treated as a fluid-like Eulerian body. Scenarios and Results: This study explores three distinct scenarios to investigate the penetration of nanoneedles into cell membranes. Firstly, we examine two scenarios in which the particles are solely subjected to either a constant external force or an initial velocity. Secondly, we explore a scenario that considers the combined effects of both parameters simultaneously. In each scenario, we analyze the critical values required to induce membrane puncture and present comprehensive diagrams illustrating the results. Findings and significance: The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the mechanics of nanoneedle penetration into cell membranes and offer guidelines for optimizing magnetically-driven drug delivery systems, supporting the design of efficient and targeted drug delivery strategies.
Household water price and income elasticities under increasing-block pricing policy in China: an estimation using nationwide large-scale survey data
Authors: Jia Jun-Jun , Liang Qin , Jiang Maorong , Wu Huaqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Figuring out household water demand response is of importance to sustainable water pricing policy making and optimalization. The paper estimates price and income elasticities of residential water demand in China by using the unique dataset from Chinese Household Water Use Behavior Survey 2019 in 50 cities. Two instrumental variables of marginal water price and average water price are used to address the endogeneity in the context of increasing-block water pricing policy. Results show that price elasticity ranges from −0.170 to −0.543, meaning that the demand for water is inelastic. Income elasticity ranges from 0.062 to 0.133, indicating that water is a necessary commodity. It unveils that water scarcity cities have more sensitive price response. It verifies the effectiveness of the differential increasing-block water pricing schemes tailor-made to local water resources endowments. Besides, it shows that high water-consuming households have more sensitive price response. It suggests that implementing more stringent IBWP scheme for those households constitutes a promising policy improvement option in the future.
The study of degradation and mechanical properties of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) based 3D printed filament
Authors: Zainuddin Muhammad Zulhilmi , Abu Bakar Ahmad Adnan , Norjeli Muhammad Faishal , Abdullah Shahino Mah , Baharuddin Ahmad Syukran , Alauddin Muhammad Syafiq , Noor Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd , Tamchek Nizam , Alahmadi Ahmed , Alforidi Ahmad F , Mohd Ghazali Mohd Ifwat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing technology, has become one of the mainstream processes in the manufacturing industry due to its advantages over conventional manufacturing, which have piqued the public’s interest. This study aims to focus on the influence of thermal conditions on crystallization towards mechanical properties of 3D printed poly(lactic) acid (PLA) degradation samples with 100% infill. As for the degradation profile, the highest weight loss recorded by the samples was 0.7%, observed in samples buried in soil with an abiotic medium for one month. The exposure of degraded samples to high temperature during drying affected their crystallinity, resulting in significant changes in strains, particularly between week 1 and week 2, where strains dropped significantly from 7.33% to 4.28%, respectively. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that degradation for PLA material still can occur in an abiotic medium, albeit at a slower rate compared to a biotic medium due to the presence of additional microorganisms and bacteria. Besides, the post-heat treatment process on PLA degradation samples affects their crystalline structure, resulting in significant changes in mechanical properties, particularly especially strains. Therefore, it can be concluded that different materials exhibit distinct mechanical properties.
A hybrid optimization approach for strategically placing electric vehicle charging stations in a radial distribution IEEE-33 bus system
Authors: Habib Kashif , Habib Sana , Khan Shahbaz , Jafaripournimchahi Ammar , Xing Xu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO), a unique methodology, to optimize an IEEE-33 bus system for optimal placement of electric vehicles. This methodology has been specifically designed to effectively regulate voltage fluctuations while reducing power dissipation. The exploration capabilities of PSO and the exploitation capabilities of SA make HPSO a robust algorithm for a specific objective function. HPSO has shown superior performance compared to current traditional methods after careful study. Simulation results illustrate power loss reductions ranging from 1.01% to 8.21% compared to various metaheuristic methodologies. The inclusion of this approach demonstrates that combining the capabilities of PSO and SA facilitates the development of a highly efficient optimization framework by combining their stochastic search and fast convergence capabilities. This methodology not only sets innovative benchmarks for power system development, but also represents a significant paradigm shift in managing and improving durable and efficient electrical networks.
Fuzzy-based pelican optimization for battery management and energy scheduling in solar aided electric vehicle
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Mishra Ambarisha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered an essential mode of transportation due to their advantages, non-polluting and noise-free characteristics. The batteries are considered the primary power source for electric vehicles, ensuring energy supply and thus improving the user experience. However, designing charging stations and uncontrolled charge scheduling are the barriers evaluated in charging stations. To solve these issues, a fuzzy-based pelican optimization algorithm (POA) is proposed in this work. Set of rules are generated in the fuzzy for optimal energy management inn charging station. POA schedules the EVs in the charging station based on arrival time and SOC to reduce the running cost. Demand in the charging station is based on the state of charge (SOC) of the EVs arriving at the charging station. Solar power with battery and ultracapacitor is used as an input source for charging stations. The energy management in the system is based on fuzzy to satisfy the load demand from PV and energy storage devices. This proposed method is implemented in the Simulink tool to evaluate the performance. This simulation result show the effectiveness of the proposed with optimal scheduling and energy management. By this method running cost are reduced compared to the existing algorithms.
Solution processed CuInS2/SnO2 heterojunction based self-powered photodetector for UV encrypted visible light communication
Authors: Sharma Harshit , Yadav Aditya , Lalita  , Rana Ankur , Kaushik Divya , Gupta Govind , Srivastava Ritu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A photodetector (PD) featuring dual-band detection capability and self-powering attributes is crucial for various applications in sensing, communication, and imaging. Here, we present a self-powered PD based on a solution-processed CuInS2/SnO2 heterojunction capable of detecting ultraviolet (UV) and visible light spectra. The CuInS2 layer was composed of ∼2 nm-sized quantum dots (QDs) synthesized using the hot injection method, while the SnO2 layer was fabricated using a straightforward sol-gel technique. This self-powered PD displayed a significant spectral response across both UV (355 nm) and visible light (532 nm) ranges, all accomplished without the need for external bias. The PD demonstrates rapid detection, with rise and decay times of 125 ms and 156ms for visible light and 85 ms and 200 ms for UV light, respectively, at a power level of 15 mW. The PD achieved responsivity values of 10.66 μA/W and 34.56 μA/W for visible and UV light, respectively. The impressive capability for dual-band detection in both ultraviolet (UV) and visible light showcases the practical feasibility and utility of this device for self-powered photodetection and deciphering UV-encrypted visible light communication. Moreover, its straightforward solution-based processing attribute renders it valuable for the mass production of devices and technology.
Association of ischemic placental disease in a Southern California Birth Cohort and PM2.5 chemical species and oxidative potential markers
Authors: Liu Jonathan , Meng Qi , Shen Jiaqi , del Rosario Irish , Lakey Pascale S J , Shiraiwa Manabu , Paulson Suzanne E , Weichenthal Scott , Zhu Yifang , Oroumiyeh Farzan , Janzen Carla , Devaskar Sherin U , Jerrett Michael , Ritz Beate 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Road traffic is a significant source of particulate matter pollution, whose exposure is a significant risk factor in pregnancy-related health outcomes. The exact mechanisms behind the relationship between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes remain unclear. We aim to assess the relationship between exposure to brake and tire wear-associated metals and oxidative potential and ischemic placental disease (IPD). Data were assembled from a final population of 178 women who sought specialized prenatal care at UCLA between 2016 and 2019 in Los Angeles, CA. Modeled first trimester exposures to chemical constituents and oxidative stress potential of PM2.5, black carbon, and PM2.5 mass concentration. Speciated measurements included tracers of brake wear (barium), tire wear (zinc), and oxidative potential markers based on metal concentrations (KM-SUB-ELF ROS) or laboratory assays (DTT loss, OH radical formation). Exposures were modeled by integrating data from filter samples, a low-cost PM2.5 sensor network, and land-use data. We used logistic regression to estimate the associations between air pollution exposures and IPD, adjusting for covariates assessed through medical records and interviews. Scaled to the interquartile range, odds ratios (95% CI) were as follows: barium OR: 1.7 (1.1, 2.7), zinc OR: 1.4 (.86, 2.4), and oxidative potential markers, both modeled as well as measured through DTT loss and OH formation assays (ORs ranging from 1.1-2.0). Point estimates of effect sizes for PM2.5 and black carbon were lower than most measurements (ORs: 1.3-1.4). mass and black carbon. Our findings suggest two key points: (i) metals associated with brake and tire wear, currently unregulated, may play a role in the relationship between TRAP and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and (ii) reducing tailpipe emissions may not be sufficient to protect pregnant women from TRAP.
Canonical surgeries in rotationally invariant Ricci flow
Authors: Buttsworth Timothy , Hallgren Maximilien , Zhang Yongjia 
Published: May 2024

We construct a rotationally invariant Ricci flow through surgery starting at any closed rotationally invariant Riemannian manifold. We demonstrate that a sequence of such Ricci flows with surgery converges to a Ricci flow spacetime in the sense of Kleiner and Lott [Acta Math. 219 (2017), pp. 65–134]. Results of Bamler-Kleiner [Acta Math. 228 (2022), pp. 1–215] and Haslhofer [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 150 (2022), pp. 5433–5437] then guarantee the uniqueness and stability of these spacetimes given initial data. We simplify aspects of this proof in our setting, and show that for rotationally invariant Ricci flows, the closeness of spacetimes can be measured by equivariant comparison maps. Finally we show that the blowup rate of the curvature near a singular time for these Ricci flows is bounded by the inverse of remaining time squared.
Introduction
Authors: Majumdar Satya N , Schehr Grégory 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We provide a pedagogical introduction to the field of extreme value statistics and its applications, ranging from time series in climate and finance all the way to disordered systems such as a directed polymer in a random medium or spin-glasses. The approach of the rest of the book, in terms of two basic models (IID and random walk sequences), is detailed at the end of this chapter.
Time of the Maximum and the Minimum
Authors: Majumdar Satya N , Schehr Grégory 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We discuss the distributions of the times at which a maximum or a minimum occurs in a random sequence of fixed size. We also discuss the joint distribution of the times of the occurrences of the maximum and the minimum. Again, we discuss in detail the two basic models, namely IID and random walk sequences.
The Canon of “Constitutional Unamendability” and “Basic Structure Doctrine” in Global Constitutional Studies
Authors: Lin Chien-Chih , Chang Wen-Chen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a rising canon of “constitutional unamendability” and “basic structure doctrine.” In contrast with this trend, Coleman v. Miller before the United States Supreme Court stands as a countering canonical authority. This chapter is aimed at exploring (1) the particular ways in which the canon of “constitutional unamendability” has been constructed; (2) why it has been constructed in reflecting certain contextual dynamics; and (3) in what particular ways the countering canonical authority has or has not effectively competed and why. More importantly, this chapter advances the idea of constitutional relativity by elaborating the relativity between constituent power and constituted power, between constitutional revolution and constitutional transformation, and between a brand new constitution and constitutional amendments. Current scholarship on unconstitutional constitutional amendment does not pay sufficient attention to constitutional relativity, which is particularly evident in nascent democracies in Asia. Because of this relativity, we suggest that the strategy to invoke constitutional unamendability to combat democratic decay may not be as effective as some advocates may think.
Global Proportionality Canons from Latin America
Authors: Giménez Francisca Pou 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Global descriptions of proportionality as a methodology, and the rulings that are flagged up to illustrate its operation, are regularly extracted from a handful of countries—North-Atlantic democracies and Global South jurisdictions whose rulings are available in English. This leaves in the shadow important dimensions of the practice, and supports contentions about global traits that are not always exact. This chapter discusses questions to be considered when thinking about enriching the global canon on proportionality with contributions from Latin America. It provides information about regional traits, including the distinctive status of Colombian constitutional doctrines and the existence of minority paradigms that are representative of alternative traditions. Afterwards, it identifies a set of rulings that should enter the global proportionality canon on different grounds: methodologic expansion, functional expansion, and thematic expansion. These rulings provide examples of proportionality being used to enforce social rights, combat state’s omissions, evaluate state’s insufficient or regressive action, or assess the measures taken in a process of transitional justice. A ruling that anticanonically uses proportionality to weaken the normative import of social rights is also identified and discussed.
Gender Discrimination and Canons for Constitutional Review
Authors: Shin Yoon Jin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Several important doctrinal developments in the last few decades of gender equality jurisprudence deserve evaluations for their canonical features and implications from global constitutional perspectives. First, the doctrine of indirect discrimination has been established in a wide range of jurisdictions as canonical, enabling adjudicators in constitutional reasoning to see beyond the formality of law and deliberate on socially structured inequalities and the real-life conditions of women and other minorities. Second, a notable mode of interpretation by the Constitutional Court of Korea is suggested as a possible candidate for a canonical approach in construing normative relations between tradition and gender equality. The Court’s Household Head System decision provides a constitutional interpretation that subjects a patriarchal culture and tradition in society, which has long been codified into family law, to strict constitutional demands of gender equality and individual dignity. Lastly, a globally-known review standard that the Supreme Court of the United States has adopted for gender discrimination cases—intermediate scrutiny—is examined, and the discussion reveals the standard’s inadequacy for serving as a global canon, in contrast with proportionality review. The first two developments illuminate how constitutional review can bring to light for re-examination ‘conventionally normalized’ wrongfulness imposed on historically disadvantaged groups and individuals, and how it provides them with a venue to pursue self-emancipatory projects for achieving substantive equality. The last case indicates that a global canon requires transnational applicability, not only on account of its substantive merits but also for its workability within a common grammar that enables principled contextualization.
The Unsettled Canon of Social Rights Enforcement in Latin America
Authors: Landau David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the emerging, unsettled canon (and anticanon) of judicial decisions enforcing social rights in Latin America. Latin America is a region with a long history of including constitutional socioeconomic rights for over a century, but the promise of these rights remains largely unfulfilled. The focus of this chapter is on the burning need for effective remedies for social rights violations, and it focuses on that scholarly and judicial conversation. The chapter identifies T-025 of 2004, the famous Colombian Constitutional Court decision issuing a structural remedy for internally displaced persons, as a key part of the emerging canon. T-025 illustrates the burning need for creative, aggressive remedies for widespread social rights violations, and whether its implicit call for experimentation too often has gone unanswered. It identifies the Brazilian Gonçalvez Cordeiro case (1997) as part of an emerging anticanon—an influential early example of a national and regional approach that enforces the individual right to health mechanically, while allegedly ignoring broader fiscal and scientific consequences, or systemic impact. In the end, identifying the emerging outlines of a canon on Latin American social rights enforcement helps us to think more deeply about the conditions under which courts can wield rights to catalyze social change, as well as the limits of a judge-centered strategy.
The Due Process Canon
Authors: Ginsburg Tom 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
“Due process of law” is a term originating in the common law of England that has become central to administrative, constitutional, and supranational public law. This chapter considers three canonical due process cases along with one anticanonical case, to show that due process-type ideas are central to legal thinking, especially when an individual’s interests are to be limited by governmental power. The cases include the U.S. Supreme Court case of Mathews v. Eldridge as well as the anticanonical Locher decision; the Kadi case at the European Court of Justice; and the Neer case before the US–Mexican Claims Commission., which involved the minimum standard of treatment for foreigners. Due process ideas weave throughout these cases, each advancing the principle in its own sphere.
Drawing Their Own Boundaries
Authors: O’Regan Catherine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines three seminal constitutional decisions from three different jurisdictions, Australia, India, and South Africa. Although the cases are different in many respects, they share some distinctive features: each case affects the courts’ own jurisdiction in a material fashion; in each case, the decision was not unanimous, but included powerful dissenting judgments; in each case, arguably, the dissenting judgment(s) would have followed existing precedent or adopted a less innovative interpretation of the constitutional text; and, in each case, the decision of the majority has proved durable. The cases thus illustrate that the recognized techniques of constitutional interpretation, outlined in the first part of the chapter, often cannot predict outcomes in cases, for in each of the three cases there are cogent dissents which would have decided the cases differently. In each case, both the majority and the dissent illustrate how courts grapple with the different values that Joseph Raz has argued underpin constitutional interpretation: fidelity to text and precedent and the need to develop the law equitably and responsively. In each case, the majority opts for an equitable development of the law, where the dissent would have followed existing precedent or a more textually based approach to interpretation. Yet the cases also illustrate how innovative reasoning in adjudication may nevertheless bring some certainty to the law. For each of the cases resulted in a set of reasonably durable principles applied in accordance with precedent in subsequent cases.
The City as an Anti-Canonical Concept in Constitutional Law (and Recent Attempts to Change That)
Authors: Hirschl Ran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In spite of the ever-accelerating urbanization worldwide, the city is seldom discussed in mainstream constitutional thought and constitutional law. In that conventional epistemological consensus, cities, home to the majority of mankind, ubiquitous and crucial to every aspect of twenty-first-century society, culture, economics, and politics, are virtually absent. In this chapter, the main reasons for that glaring blind spot are considered, and then three notable attempts to break away from this blind spot by inserting the city, and the urban condition more generally, into mainstream constitutional discourse are explored: (i) Henri Lefebvre’s intriguing yet abstract “right to the city” and its difficult operationalization in so-called “human rights cities”; (ii) the constitutionalization of city status in South Africa’s constitution (1996)—the most successful attempt to date to grant constitutional status to cities; and (iii) the constitutional transformation of Mexico City (2017) from a federal district to an autonomous state through a large-scale exercise of constitutional crowdsourcing. While novel experimentation in constitutionalizing city status has taken place in a few other settings and contexts, these three examples represent some of the most significant attempts to date to introduce cities into mainstream constitutional discourse. That these novel and daring changes remain largely overlooked by (and indeed mostly unknown to) mainstream constitutional thought attests to the intellectual path dependence and embedded statist outlook that characterizes much of that enterprise’s unofficial canon.