bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the relationship between the premonsoonal rainfall climatology and urban land cover dynamics in Kolkata city, India
Authors: Mitra Chandana , Shepherd J. Marshall , Jordan Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEmpirical and modelling studies show that urbanization can have an impact on the environment. Relatively few studies have investigated urban effects on precipitation in India or other developing countries experiencing rapid urbanization. Furthermore, most precipitation‐related studies for India focus on monsoonal rainfall. However, premonsoonal periods (March–May) account for 12–14% of the annual cumulative rainfall in eastern India. The majority of premonsoonal rainfall (PMR) is convective and caused by mesoscale forcing, which may include urban effects. In this study, the area under scrutiny is a large urban area in eastern India, Kolkata city. Herein, our goal was to (1) produce a comprehensive characterization of historical land cover dynamics associated with the Kolkata megalopolis, (2) provide a spatio‐temporal climatology of PMR in the Kolkata region, and (3) identify possible associations between Kolkata's land cover and PMR. The analysis shows that the rate of change of urban land cover has increased by 50% compared to the period prior to India's independence in 1947. A multi‐scalar time series analysis with Mann–Kendall statistics indicated statistically significant increasing trends in rainfall over the last 50 years for two Kolkata stations and a nearby downwind station. Furthermore, there was no significant trend for cumulative PMR in less urbanized stations, the country of India, or the East Gangetic region. This finding suggests that the anomaly of the three stations, showing increasing trends in PMR, could be the effect of urban land cover change. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
The diagnostic value of circulating stanniocalcin‐1 mRNA in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Du Yu‐Zhen , GU Xiao‐Hua , Li Li , Gao Feng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrevious studies have suggested that the aberrant expression of Stanniocalcin‐1 (STC1) occurs in tumor cells. In this study, we explored whether the circulating STC1 mRNA is a promising biomarker in the peripheral blood in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThe level of circulating STC1 mRNA was determined with a sensitive quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR assay. and the data were analyzed by the statistical methods of one‐way ANOVA, Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon U‐Test, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe level of circulating STC1 mRNA in patients with NSCLC was significantly higher than in patients with benign pulmonary disease (P < 0.001) or healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). Higher levels of circulating STC1 mRNA were associated with more advanced tumor stages and histological subtypes. Using a cutoff of 0.055, the sensitivity and specificity of STC1 mRNA levels to differentiate between patients with NSCLC and patients with benign pulmonary diseases was 66.7 and 90.9%, and it was 63.7 and 99.8% for patients with NSCLC and healthy volunteers, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings support our hypothesis that circulating STC1 mRNA is a promising biomarker in the peripheral blood. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:836–840. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A meta‐analysis of prospective randomized trials comparing minimally invasive and open distal gastrectomy for cancer
Authors: Zorcolo Luigi , Rosman Alan S. , Pisano Michele , Marcon Francesca , Restivo Angelo , Nigri Giuseppe R. , Fancellu Alessandro , Melis Marcovalerio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCurrent literature suggests that minimally invasive distal gastrectomy (MIDG) may enhance post‐operative recovery and decrease morbidity compared to open surgery (ODG) in patients with gastric cancer. A meta‐analysis of six Prospective Randomized Trials comparing MIDG (343 patients) and ODG (323 patients) for gastric cancer was conducted. MIDG was associated with increased operative time, reduced blood loss and overall morbidity. There was not sufficient data to draw solid conclusions about the oncologic quality of MIDG. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:544–551. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional NBS1 polymorphism is associated with occurrence and advanced disease status of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Jian , Zhang Chun , Jiang Lan , You Yonghe , Liu Yuehui , Lu Jiachun , Zhou Yifeng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAs a component of the MRN (MRE11/RAD50/NBS1) complex, NBS1 plays an important role in cellular response to DNA damage and the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. The NBS1 E185Q polymorphism (8360G>C, rs1805794) has been frequently studied in some cancers with discordant results, but its association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Chinese population has not been investigated. Moreover, there is no report about the association between NBS1 3′UTR variant rs2735383 and the risk of NPC. A multiple center case–control analysis was performed to assess the association between NBS1 polymorphisms and NPC risk in Eastern and Southern Chinese population. The genotypes and haplotypes were determined in 1052 cases and 1168 controls and the associations with risk of NPC were estimated by logistic regression. Cell migration assays were performed in 24‐well transwell chambers to detect the effects of NBS1 E185Q SNP on cell migration. We observed significant difference in genotype frequencies at the rs1805794 C/G site between cases and controls (Ptrend < 0.0001). The C allele increases the risk for invasive disease or metastatic disease, compared with G allele. More over, CNE‐2 cells (NPC cell line) transfected with pcDNA‐NBS1‐185Q (8360CC) had significantly higher migration levels than those transfected with pcDNA‐NBS1‐185E (8360GG) (P = 0.024). These findings suggest that E185Q polymorphism in NBS1 may be a genetic modifier for the occurrence and aggression of NPC. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Right‐side and left‐side colon cancer follow different pathways to relapse
Authors: Bauer Kerry M. , Hummon Amanda B. , Buechler Steven 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThere is growing evidence that cancer of the ascending (right‐side) colon is different from cancer of the descending (left‐side) colon at the molecular level. Using microarray data from 102 right‐side colon carcinomas and 95 left‐side colon carcinomas we show that different pathways dominate progression to relapse in right‐side and left‐side colon cancer. Right‐side tumors at a high risk for relapse exhibit elevated expression of cell cycle control genes and elevated Wnt signaling. On the other hand, relapse‐prone left‐side tumors show elevated expression of genes that promote stromal expansion and reduced expression of tumor suppressor genes that initiate Wnt signaling. Single gene prognostic biomarkers are found separately for right‐side and left‐side disease. In left‐side tumors with low expression levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) the 5‐yr relapse‐free survival probability is 0.89 95% CI (0.80–0.99), and in tumors with elevated NOX4 expression the probability is 0.51 95% CI (0.37–0.70). Right‐side tumors with elevated expression levels of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) have a 5‐yr relapse‐free survival probability of 0.88 95% CI (0.80–0.96), and those with low CDX2 expression have a corresponding probability of 0.39 95% CI (0.15–0.78). Both NOX4 and CDX2 are much less prognostic on the opposite sides. This newly identified role of NOX4 in colon cancer is further investigated using the SW620 lymph node metastasis colon adenocarcinoma cell line and RNA interference. We show that NOX4 is expressed in the SW620 cell line and that application of NOX4 siRNA causes a significant reduction in reactive oxidative species production. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating Collaborative R&D Using Patent Data: The Case Study of Robot Technology in Japan
Authors: Lechevalier Sébastien , Ikeda Yukio , Nishimura Junichi 
Published: June 2011

The growing trend of collaborative R&D initiated by firms has been well documented. However, the evidences regarding basic questions such as the benefits of collaboration and the motives of firms are still mixed. The main novelty of this paper is to investigate these questions by using comprehensive patent data with a focus on information concerning inventors.We consider the case of robot technology in Japan since early 1990s and get the following results. First, collaboration with external research partners lead to a higher quality of the invention. Second, the determinants and motives, which encourage firms to engage in collaborative research, differ depending on the partner they are collaborating with. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal inter‐ and intra‐individual human brain metabolic quantification over 3 years with proton MR spectroscopy at 3 T
Authors: Kirov Ivan I. , George Ilena C. , Jayawickrama Nikhil , Babb James S. , Perry Nissa N. , Gonen Oded 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe longitudinal repeatability of proton MR spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) in the healthy human brain at high fields over long periods is not established. Therefore, we assessed the inter‐ and intra‐subject repeatability of 1H‐MRS in an approach suited for diffuse pathologies in 10 individuals, at 3T, annually for 3 years. Spectra from 480 voxels over 360 cm3 (∼30%) of the brain, were individually phased, frequency‐aligned, and summed into one average spectrum. This dramatically increases metabolites' signal‐to‐noise‐ratios while maintaining narrow linewidths that improve quantification precision. The resulting concentrations of the N‐acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, and myo‐inositol are: 8.9 ± 0.8, 5.9 ± 0.6, 1.4 ± 0.1, and 4.5 ± 0.5 mM (mean ± standard‐deviation). the inter‐subject coefficients of variation are 8.7%, 10.2%, 10.7%, and 11.8%; and the longitudinal (intra‐subject) coefficients of variation are lower still: 6.6%, 6.8%, 6.8%, and 10%, much better than the 35%, 44%, 55%, and 62% intra‐voxel coefficients of variation. The biological and nonbiological components of the summed spectra coefficients of variation had similar contributions to the overall variance. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whole‐heart coronary MR angiography with 2D self‐navigated image reconstruction
Authors: Henningsson Markus , Koken Peter , Stehning Christian , Razavi Reza , Prieto Claudia , Botnar René M 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSeveral self‐navigation techniques have been proposed to improve respiratory motion compensation in coronary MR angiography. In this work, we implemented a 2D self‐navigation method by using the startup profiles of a whole‐heart balanced Steady‐state free precession sequence, which are primarily used to catalyze the magnetization towards the steady‐state. To create 2D self‐navigation images (2DSN), we added phase encoding gradients to the startup profiles. With this approach we calculated foot–head and left–right motion and performed retrospective translational motion correction. The 2DSN images were reconstructed from 10 startup profiles acquired at the beginning of each shot. Nine healthy subjects were scanned, and the proposed method was compared to a 1D self‐navigation (1DSN) method with foot–head correction only. Foot–head correction was also performed with the diaphragmatic 1D pencil beam navigator (1Dnav) using a tracking factor of 0.6. 2DSN shows improved motion correction compared to 1DSN and 1Dnav for all coronary arteries and all subjects for the investigated diaphragmatic gating window of 10 mm. The visualized vessel length of the right coronary artery could be significantly improved with a multiple targeted 2D self‐navigation approach, compared to 2DSN method. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative measurement of N‐acetyl‐aspartyl‐glutamate at 3 T using TE‐averaged PRESS spectroscopy and regularized lineshape deconvolution
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Shizhe , Marenco Stefano , Shen Jun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article introduces regularized lineshape deconvolution in conjunction with TE‐averaged PRESS spectroscopy to measure N‐acetyl‐aspartyl‐glutamate (NAAG). Averaging different echo times suppressed the signals of multiplets from strongly coupled spin systems near 2 ppm; thus, minimizing the interfering signals to detect the acetyl proton signal of NAAG. Signal distortion was corrected by lineshape deconvolution, and Tikhonov regularization was introduced to reduce noise amplification arising from deconvolution; as a result, spectral resolution was enhanced without significantly sacrificing signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). This new approach was used to measure NAAG in the two regions of interest of healthy volunteers, dominated by gray matter and white matter, respectively. The acetyl proton signal of NAAG was directly quantified by fitting the deconvoluted spectra to a Voigt‐lineshape spectral model function, yielding the NAAG–N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) ratios of 0.11 ± 0.02 for the gray matter voxels (n = 8) and 0.18 ± 0.02 for the white matter voxels (n = 12). Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ta‐based barrier layer of ohmic interconnects for highly reliable GaN HEMTs
Authors: Kamada Yoichi , Okamoto Naoya , Ohki Toshihiro , Kanamura Masahito , Masuda Satoshi , Imanishi Kenji , Shigematsu Hisao , Kikkawa Toshihide , Hara Naoki , Joshin Kazukiyo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrated a highly reliable Ta‐based barrier metal between Al‐based ohmic electrodes and Au interconnects for GaN‐based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The thermal stability of various barrier metals including conventional Pt, Ta, TaN, bi‐layer Ta(lower layer)/TaN(upper layer) and bi‐layer TaN(lower layer)/Ta(upper layer) was investigated. After annealing at ambient temperature (Ta) of 450 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere, it was found that bi‐layer Ta/TaN barrier metal showed superior thermal stability of surface morphology and stack layer structure compared to other barrier metals. Furthermore, the reliability of the Ta/TaN applied GaN HEMT and the Pt applied one were investigated at Tj of 315 °C in the pinch‐off state (Vgs = ‐5 V, Vds = 50 V). Though the device with Pt barrier metal showed a nearly 50% reduction in maximum saturation drain current (Imax) within 34 hours, no reduction in Imax was observed for 482 hours in the device with the Ta/TaN barrier met al. Based on TEM‐EDX analysis, it was found that Au and Al inter‐diffusion could be completely suppressed by the Ta/TaN barrier metal (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface recombination of hexagonal GaN crystals
Authors: Onuma Takeyoshi , Sakai Naoyuki , Okuhata Takashi , Yamaguchi Atsushi A. , Honda Tohru 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe influences of the surface recombination on the emission properties of the freestanding GaN with different polarity (+c and –c orientations) and forms were investigated. The time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements for the GaN pieces fabricated by cleaving the substrate indicated that the increase in surface/volume ratio leaded to the increase in the surface recombination rate even at low temperature. The excitation power density dependent photoluminescence measurements on as‐received and buffered hydrofluoric acid treated c ‐plane GaN surfaces indicated that the surface band bending was closely related to the surface recombination processes. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quaternary barriers for improved performance of GaN‐based HEMTs
Authors: Lim Taek , Aidam Rolf , Waltereit Patrick , Pletschen Wilfried , Quay Rüdiger , Kirste Lutz , Ambacher and Oliver 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNearly lattice‐matched InAlGaN‐barriers for GaN‐based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Hall measurements reveal a sheet carrier density of 1.9 × 1013 cm‐2 and a mobility of 1590 cm2/Vs. HEMTs have been processed from both InAlGaN‐barrier and conventional AlGaN‐barrier heterostructures. The devices with quaternary barrier show advantages in both DC and RF characteristics including a HEMT with 150 nm gate length, a current density of 2.3 A/mm and a peak transconductance of 675 mS/mm (Lim et al., IEEE Electron Device Lett. 31, 671 (2010) [1]). On the other hand, the transistors with ternary barrier exhibit significantly better pinch‐off behaviour and lower gate leakage currents. These issues have been successfully addressed in a second process run by improving the MBE growth of InAlGaN and by adding a GaN cap layer to the HEMT heterostructure (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Realization of two‐dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure grown on Si(111) by PA‐MBE
Authors: Dharmarasu N. , Radhakrishnan K. , Sun Z. Z. , Agrawal M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe report on the growth and characterization of AlN, GaN and AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure on 100‐mm Si (111) by PA‐MBE. AlN and GaN layers were grown as function of metal fluxes at a constant active nitrogen supply. Smooth surface morphology was achieved with metal rich growth conditions. Electrical properties of GaN were investigated as a function of Ga‐flux. For the first time, the presence of 2DEG is demonstrated in AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure on Si (111) substrate by PA‐MBE. A high electron mobility of 1100 cm2/V.sec is obtained with a sheet carrier density of 9 × 1012 cm‐2 (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dust impact on the West African heat low in summertime
Authors: Lavaysse Christophe , Chaboureau Jean‐Pierre , Flamant Cyrille 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe impact of dust on a six‐day pulsation of the West African heat low (WAHL) in summertime (14–20 July 2006) is investigated, with convective rainfall and dust bursts being observed over the Sahel at the beginning and end of the episode. Three Meso‐NH simulations were designed which differed in their dust representation. All the simulations capture the variation in the WAHL intensity well, including the simulation without any dust effects. This shows the primary role of large‐scale forcing on the WAHL pulsation. In spite of additional daytime heating and night‐time cooling effects over the Sahara, the simulation with dust climatology resembles the simulation without any dust effects. In contrast, the simulation using a prognostic dust scheme enhances alternating northward advection of warm and dry air and southward advection of cold and wet air associated with the propagation of an African easterly wave, leading to a strengthening of the WAHL variabilities. This study highlights two effects of dust on the WAHL over the Sahara: a so‐called direct effect associated with dust radiative heating, which increases the WAHL thickness, and a so‐called indirect effect that intensifies both the African easterly jet and a related African easterly wave. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
LONG‐TERM IMPLICATIONS OF DAM REMOVAL FOR MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN RIVERS, UNITED STATES
Authors: Hansen Jonathan F. , Hayes Daniel B. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe removal of the numerous ageing dams in the United States has become an important stream restoration technique. The extent to which the ecological damage done to streams by dams is reversed upon removal is unknown, especially on decadal time scales. The objectives of this study were to determine if macroinvertebrate assemblages within rivers recover following the removal of a dam and to estimate the time needed for recovery. A space‐for‐time substitution approach was used on eight rivers in various stages of recovery following a dam removal, ranging from <1 to 40 years post‐removal. Within each river, macroinvertebrates were sampled in a zone unaffected by the dam removal (reference zone) and two zones impacted by the dam removal (former impoundment and downstream zone). Insects were identified to the family level and placed into functional feeding groups. Various macroinvertebrate community metrics were compared between impacted and unimpacted zones to evaluate the extent of recovery, and plotted over time since removal to develop a temporal trajectory of recovery. Generally, the macroinvertebrate community recovered 3–7 years following removal both in terms of taxonomic similarity and richness, although densities could take decades to recover. Dam removals are a beneficial restoration technique, yet the recovery of important stream components can be variable and may take longer than previous research has suggested. Having realistic expectations of the ecological ramifications of dam removal efforts is paramount in ensuring the success and thus potential of future projects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Studies and Crystal Structures of [Et2Sn(O2AsMe2)2] and [Ph2Sn(O2AsMe2)(μ‐OMe)]2
Authors: Shihada Abdel‐Fattah , Weller Frank 
Published: June 2011

Abstract[Et2Sn(O2AsMe2)2] (1) and [Ph2Sn(O2AsMe2)(μ‐OMe)]2 (2) were synthesized by treatment of Et2SnO and Ph2SnS with HO2AsMe2 in Methanol, respectively. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, vibrational spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. According to X‐ray diffraction measurements compound 1 crystallizes monoclinic in space group P21/n with cell parameters a = 804.89(3), b = 987.11(5), c = 966.42(4) pm, β = 113.354(3)°. The unit cell parameters of 2, which crystallizes in the same space group, are a = 974.4(1), b = 1463.3(1), c = 1228.9(1) pm, β = 111.324(3)°. The (SnOAsO)4 rings of 1 are linked and form a two‐dimensional network with the SnEt groups pointing into the holes of the next layer. Compound 2 occurs as a dimer with internal Sn(OMe)2Sn bridges in the (SnOAsO)2 rings. The vibrational and mass spectra are given and discussed.
A variant near the melanocortin-4 receptor gene regulates postprandial lipid metabolism in a healthy Caucasian population
Authors: Perez-Martinez Pablo , Garcia-Rios Antonio , Delgado-Lista Javier , Delgado-Casado Nieves , Malagon Maria M. , Marin Carmen , Gomez-Luna Purificacion , Caballero Javier , Perez-Jimenez Francisco , Lopez-Miranda Jose 
Published: June 2011

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is an essential regulator of food intake and energy homeostasis. Previous data suggest an influence of MC4R activity on TAG levels. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the presence of the rs12970134 polymorphism near theMC4Rgene could influence postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in healthy subjects. A total of eighty-eight volunteers were selected, fifty-three homozygous for the common genotype (G/G) and thirty-five carriers for the minor A-allele (G/A and A/A). They were given a fat-rich meal containing 1 g fat and 7 mg cholesterol/kg body weight and vitamin A (60 000 IU/m2body surface). Fat accounted for 60 % of energy, and protein and carbohydrates accounted for 15 and 25 % of energy, respectively. Blood samples were taken at time 0, every 1 h until 6 h and every 2·5 h until 11 h. Total cholesterol and TAG in plasma, and cholesterol, TAG and retinyl palmitate in TAG-rich lipoproteins (TRL, large and small TRL) were separated by ultracentrifugation. Individuals carrying the G/G genotype displayed a higher postprandial response of plasma TAG (P = 0·033), total cholesterol (P = 0·019) and large TRL–TAG (P = 0·023) than did carriers of the minor A-allele. Furthermore, G/G subjects showed a greater postprandial response of small TRL–apoB48 than did carriers of the A-allele (P = 0·032). These results suggest that the rs12970134 polymorphism near theMC4Rgene region may partly explain the inter-individual differences in postprandial lipoprotein response in healthy subjects.