bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening maturity levels by a legal assurance process
Authors: Buglione Luigi , Rejas‐Muslera Ricardo J. , Cuadrado Gallego Juan José 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOne of the key elements for the viability of information system projects is given by the adoption of legal assurance activities and measures since nowadays they can arise legal risks that, in some cases, can suppose a serious threat for project commercial and financial success. When calculating the return of investment (ROI) for a software process improvement initiative, readers would not take care which are the cost issues impacting on such values, supposing the activities generating such value are referable only to the processes included in a Maturity Model (MM) such as CMMI or ISO 15504. During last years, moving from the initial Philip Crosby's idea for measuring and checking the organizational evolution of an organization, a plenty of MM have been created, but there is no news about a legal assurance (LAS) process that make more systematic the way legal risks are (or should be) managed. On the other hand, professional practice usually does not incorporate standardized processes in order to discipline the legal assurance activities and measures, returning a feeling for a lack of project legal security.This article proposes to take care of LAS process as an additional process area within an MM, in order to provide a suitable instrument for the management of inherent legal risks to any information systems project. After presenting main elements for this new process, it will be presented using the typical CMMI Process Area architecture, where it would be configurable as a support process at Maturity Level 2 (ML2). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐type calcium channels mediate a GABAB presynaptic modulation in the corticostriatal synapse in turtle's paleostriatum augmentatum
Authors: Sánchez‐Mejorada Eduardo , Sánchez‐Mondragon Guadalupe , Pineda Juan Carlos , González Mónica , Barral Jaime 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSpikes population evoked by a paired pulse protocol were used to assess the influence of GABAA and GABAB receptors agonists and antagonists on the synaptic potentials and in the S2/S1 ratio in a paired pulse (PP) protocol in the cortico‐paleostriatum augmentatum synapses of the turtle. GABAA agonist, muscimol, decreased the amplitude of synaptic responses whereas the facilitation produced with the PP protocol did not change, suggesting a postsynaptic action for GABAA receptors. GABAB agonist, baclofen, enhanced paired pulse ratio indicating a presynaptic modulation through the GABAB receptor. Selective antagonists for N‐ and P/Q‐type Ca2+‐channels also enhanced paired pulse ratio, suggesting that any of these channel types may be involved in neurotransmitter release. However, the strong paired pulse facilitation produced by baclofen was occluded by blocking the N‐type Ca2+ channels with ω‐conotoxin GVIA (1 μM), but not by the blockage of P/Q‐type Ca2+ channels with ω‐agatoxin TK (400 nM). These data suggest that N and P/Q channels participate in the neurotransmitter release, whereas only N‐type Ca2+ channels are involved in the presynaptic modulation of GABAB in the corticostriatal synapse of the turtle. Synapse 63:855–862, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hybrid RANS/LES method for wind flow over complex terrain
Authors: Bechmann A. , Sørensen N. N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe use of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to predict wall‐bounded flows has presently been limited to low Reynolds number flows. Since the number of computational grid points required to resolve the near‐wall turbulent structures increase rapidly with Reynolds number, LES has been unattainable for flows at high Reynolds numbers. To reduce the computational cost of traditional LES, a hybrid method is proposed in which the near‐wall eddies are modelled in a Reynolds‐averaged sense. Close to walls, the flow is treated with the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations (unsteady RANS), and this layer acts as wall model for the outer flow handled by LES. The well‐known high Reynolds number two‐equation k − ϵ turbulence model is used in the RANS layer and the model automatically switches to a two‐equation k − ϵ subgrid scale stress model in the LES region. The approach can be used for flow over rough walls. Previous attempts of combining RANS and LES has resulted in unphysical transition regions between the two layers, but the present work improves this region by using a stochastic backscatter model.To demonstrate the ability of the proposed hybrid method, simulations are presented for wind flow over the Askervein hill. Comparisons show that both RANS and the new hybrid model are able to capture the simple flow windward of the hill. In the complex wake region, however, the RANS and the hybrid model give different results. The RANS model predicts the mean velocity well but underestimates the turbulent kinetic energy, whereas the new method captures the high turbulence levels well but underestimates the mean velocity. The presented results are for a relative mild configuration of complex terrain, but the proposed method can also be used for highly complex terrain where the benefits of the new method is expected to be larger. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Animal models for dicarboxylic aciduria
Authors: Sherratt H. S. A. , Veitch R. K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFour compounds, 2[5(4‐chlorophenyl)pentyl] oxirane‐2‐carboxylate (POCA), pent‐4‐enoate, hypoglycin and valproate, which are hypoglycaemic in fasted animals and form unusual acyl‐CoA estersin vivo, inhibit mitochondrial β‐oxidation by different mechanisms. POCA, hypoglycin and valproate are known to cause dicarboxylic aciduria. Saturated dicarboxylic acids are thought to be derived from long chain fatty acids by peroxisomal β‐oxidation when mitochondrial β‐oxidation is severely impaired. The use of these inhibitors provides animal models of dicarboxylic aciduria found in some inborn errors of metabolism.
Family and Neighborhood Fit or Misfit and the Adaptation of Mexican Americans
Authors: Roosa Mark W. , Weaver Scott R. , White Rebecca M. B. , Tein Jenn-Yun , Knight George P. , Gonzales Nancy , Saenz Delia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this study, a person‐environment fit model was used to understand the independent and combined roles of family and neighborhood characteristics on the adjustment of adults and children in a sample of 750 Mexican American families. Latent class analysis was used to identify six qualitatively distinct family types and three quantitatively distinct neighborhood types using socioeconomic and cultural indicators at each level. The results showed that members of single‐parent Mexican American families may be particularly at‐risk, members of the lowest‐income immigrant families reported fewer adaptation problems if they lived in low‐income neighborhoods dominated by immigrants, members of economically successful immigrant families may be more at‐risk in integrated middle class neighborhoods than in low‐income neighborhoods dominated by immigrants, and members of two‐parent immigrant families appear to be rather resilient in most settings despite their low socioeconomic status.
Long‐term neurodevelopmental effects of early detection and treatment in a 6‐year‐old patient with argininaemia diagnosed by newborn screening
Authors: Edwards R. L. , Moseley K. , Watanabe Y. , Wong L. J. , Ottina J. , Yano S. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryNewborn screening makes possible the early identification and treatment of asymptomatic ARG1‐deficient patients; however, it is unknown whether early intervention prevents neurological insults. We identified a full‐term Hispanic male infant with argininaemia by newborn screening with a serum arginine of 327 µmol/L (reference values 0–140); ARG1 was undetectable on enzyme assay. Sequence analysis of ARG1 revealed a heterozygous nonsense mutation, c.223A>T (p.K75X), and a novel heterozygous missense variant, c.425G>A (p.G142E). Dietary protein restriction began from age 3 months, with addition of sodium benzoate at 4 months, and carnitine from 14 months. For the past 6 years, his serum arginine concentrations were maintained between 268 and 763 µmol/L (reference values 10–140). He has normal development without spastic paraplegia, but with mild hepatomegaly and stable hepatic dysfunction. A full neurodevelopmental assessment was conducted at age 5 years. The BASC‐2 rated the patient's behaviours as age‐appropriate. The Leiter‐R assessed his ‘Fundamental Visualization’, ‘Sequential Order’, and ‘Picture Concept’ at ‘Average’, ‘Form Completion’ and ‘Matching’ at ‘Low Average’, and ‘Figure Ground’ and ‘Repeated Patterns’ in the ‘Deficit’ range. The full‐scale IQ and the functioning ability presented in the ‘Borderline’ range and in the ‘Low Average’ range, respectively. The VABS/Survey – Spanish Version showed difficulty in receptive and written language and fine and gross motor skills, and his performance to be at younger than his chronological age. The Short Sensory Profile showed some difficulty with taste and smell sensitivity. Long‐term observation over 6 years in a patient with early treated argininaemia shows promising neurodevelopmental results.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Anionic Surfactants Derived from Cashew Nut Shell Oil
Authors: Scorzza Cesar , Nieves Jesús , Vejar Francia , Bullón Johnny 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCarboxylate derivatives of cardanol and anacardic acids, which are the main phenolic components of cashew nut shell oil were prepared and tested as anionic surfactants. They lower the surface tension, exhibit a critical micelle concentration, and produce microemulsions in mixtures with dodecyl sulfate. The values of their characteristic parameters in the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation scale attained by the unidimensional formulation scan method typify them as hydrophilic surfactants.
A Recessive Mutation in Rice Conferring Non-Race-Specific Resistance to Bacterial Blight and Blast
Authors: Madamba Ma. Reina Suzette , Sugiyama Nobuko , Bordeos Alicia , Mauleon Ramil , Satoh Kouji , Baraoidan Marietta , Kikuchi Shoshi , Shimamoto Ko , Leung Hei 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
To understand the basis of broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice, we isolated a gamma-ray-induced IR64 mutant G978 that showed enhanced resistance to blast and bacterial blight. The resistance is quantitative and non-race specific against the bacterial and fungal pathogens. The mutation is inherited as a single recessive gene, designated as Bsdr1 and causes shorter stature relative to the wild type; however, it does not show lesion mimics phenotype under the conditions tested. The mutation was mapped as a quantitative trait locus to a 3.8-Mb region on chromosome 12. By comparing the gene expression profiles of the mutant and wild type, we identified a candidate gene encoding a U-box domain-containing protein. The disrupted gene showed a loss of expression in the mutant and co-segregated with mutant phenotype. The mutant provides a useful tool for investigating the important genes responsible for non-race specific resistance to two distinct diseases.
Prospects for the classification of mental disorders in women
Authors: Riecher-Rössler A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMany mental disorders show marked gender differences as regards prevalence, symptomatology, risk factors or course. Other disorders do per definition only occur in women – e.g. premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) – or are markedly influenced by female specific factors such as hormonal changes over the life cycle or during reproductive processes. Current classification systems have tried to take into account these gender aspects, but some problems will certainly have to be discussed again with the next revisions of the ICD and DSM. As regards gender differences in prevalence and symptomatology questions of gender bias in diagnostic instruments and diagnostic criteria will have to be readdressed. New findings from unselected epidemiological samples, which were analysed by gender, will have to be taken into account as well as new findings from research into gender specific personality traits, which can influence the symptomatology of mental disorders. Decisions will have to be taken whether to revise existing diagnostic criteria and provide alternative diagnostic thresholds for men and women or even to develop alternative criteria sets in certain disorders, or rather to enhance the gender neutrality of criteria. A further question to be addressed will be that of gender specific diagnoses versus diagnostic specifiers. In the whole discussion two main aims of classification should be given priority: the research aim of identifying genuine entities with a common aetiology, which means we should be able to identify specific diagnostic entities with descriptive, construct, and predictive validity quite independently of the influences of gender; and the clinical aim to improve treatment and care for men and women, which often means to offer gender-specific approaches.
Development and validation of the Memory Performance Index: Reducing measurement error in recall tests
Authors: Shankle William R. , Mangrola Tushar , Chan Timothy , Hara Junko 
Published: June 2009

BackgroundThe Memory Performance Index (MPI) quantifies the pattern of recalled and nonrecalled words of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Wordlist (CWL) onto a 0 to 100 scale and distinguishes normal from mild cognitive impairment with 96% to 97% accuracy.MethodsIn group A, 121,481 independently living individuals, 18 to 106 years old, were assessed with the CWL and classified as cognitively impaired (N = 5,971) or normal (N = 115,510). The MPI and CWL immediate free recall (IFR), delayed free recall (DFR), and total free recall (TFR) scores (the outcome measures) were each regressed against predictors of age, gender, race, education, test administration method (in‐person or telephone), and wordlist used. Predictor effect sizes (Cohen's f2) were computed for each outcome. In addition, CWL plus Functional Assessment Staging Tests (FAST) were administered to 441 normal to moderately severely demented (FAST stages 1 to 6) patients (group B). Median MPI scores were tested for significant differences across FAST stage.ResultsFor group A, the variance explained by all predictors combined was MPI = 55.0%, IFR = 24.9%, DFR = 23.4%, and TFR = 26.9%. The age effect size on MPI score was large, but it was small on IFR, DFR, and TFR. The other predictors all had negligible (<0.02) or small effect sizes (0.02 to 0.15). For group B, median MPI scores progressively declined across all FAST stages (P < .0002).ConclusionsMPI score progressively declines with increasing dementia severity. Also, MPI score explains 2 to 3 times more variance than total scores, which improves ability to detect treatment effects.
Markers of Alzheimer's disease in a population attending a memory clinic
Authors: Frisoni Giovanni B. , Prestia Annapaola , Zanetti Orazio , Galluzzi Samantha , Romano Melissa , Cotelli Maria , Gennarelli Massimo , Binetti Giuliano , Bocchio Luisella , Paghera Barbara , Amicucci Giovanni , Bonetti Matteo , Benussi Luisa , Ghidoni Roberta , Geroldi Cristina 
Published: June 2009

BackgroundNew marker‐based criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were recently proposed. We describe their operational translation in 144 consecutive patients referred to our Memory Clinic.MethodsVisual ratings of hippocampal atrophy and of cortical glucose hypometabolism in magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, and concentrations of total tau and Aβ1‐42 in cerebrospinal fluid were assessed in 12 patients with subjective memory complaints (SMCs) (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE] score, 28.0 ± 1.1 [mean ± SD]), 37 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (MMSE, 25.1 ± 3.6), 55 with AD (MMSE, 21.1 ± 3.5), and 40 with non‐AD dementia (MMSE, 21.6 ± 5.5).ResultsThe sensitivity for AD of each individual biomarker was higher (65% to 87%) than for MCI (18% to 50%). Each biomarker's specificity for SMC and non‐AD dementias was good to moderate (83% and 53%). Positivity for at least one marker increased the probability 38 times of belonging to the AD group (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe new diagnostic criteria can be operationalized in clinical routines, but longitudinal studies of MCI patients will need to assess the criteria's prognostic value.
Identity‐based motivation: Implications for action‐readiness, procedural‐readiness, and consumer behavior
Authors: Oyserman Daphna 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChoices are often identity‐based but the linkage to identity is not necessarily explicit or obvious for a number of reasons. First, identities feel stable but are highly sensitive to situational cues. Second, identities include not only content but also readiness to act and to use procedures congruent with the identity. Third, identities can be subtly cued without conscious awareness. Fourth, what an accessible identity means is dynamically constructed in the particular context in which it is cued. Because identities carry action‐ and procedural‐readiness, the outcome of an identity‐based motivation process may be similar to or different from the choices an individual would have made in another setting. Moreover, once an identity is formed, action and procedural‐readiness can be cued without conscious awareness or systematic processing, resulting in beneficial or iatrogenic outcomes.
Identity‐based motivation: Constraints and opportunities in consumer research
Authors: Shavitt Sharon , Torelli Carlos J. , Wong Jimmy 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis commentary underscores the integrative nature of the identity‐based motivation model (Oyserman, D. (2009). Identity‐based motivation: Implications for action‐readiness, procedural‐readiness, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(3) (this issue)). We situate the model within existing literatures in psychology and consumer behavior, and illustrate its novel elements with research examples. Special attention is devoted to, 1) how product‐ and brand‐based affordances constrain identity‐based motivation processes and, 2) the mindsets and action tendencies that can be triggered by specific cultural identities in pursuit of consumer goals. Future opportunities are suggested for researching the antecedents of product meanings and relevant identities.
Functional and oncologic results following transoral laser microsurgical excision of base of tongue carcinoma
Authors: Camp April A. , Fundakowski Christopher , Petruzzelli Guy J. , Emami Bahman 
Published: June 2009

ObjectiveThe study objective was to determine survival and functional results in patients who underwent transoral laser excision of base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Study DesignThis was a case series with chart review.Subjects and MethodsPatients with biopsy‐proven base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma primarily treated with transoral laser excision and followed for at least 24 months were included. Disease‐specific and overall survival data were determined. Quality‐of‐life data were obtained using the University of Washington Quality of Life instrument.ResultsOf the 71 patients treated, one (1.4%), nine (12.7%), seven (9.9%), and 54 (76.1%) were stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively, at diagnosis. At 24 months, overall survival was 90 percent; disease‐specific survival was 94 percent. Locoregional recurrence occurred in 10 percent. Given the low number of deaths, no significance was detectable between survival and gender, overall stage, tumor size, nodal status, or adjuvant therapy. Quality‐of‐life data, obtained for 46 patients, revealed the majority of patients had mild or no pain, minimally impaired to normal swallowing, and normal speech.ConclusionTransoral laser excision offers an acceptable treatment approach in terms of survival and quality of life for patients with base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
Bilateral simultaneous free gracilis muscle transfer: A realistic option in management of bilateral facial paralysis
Authors: Lindsay Robin W. , Hadlock Tessa A. , Cheney Mack L. 
Published: June 2009

ObjectivesBilateral facial paralysis patients have oral incompetence, poor articulation, and dental caries. This problem is frequently addressed by performing staged gracilis transplants without specific oral sphincter reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to describe the technique of bilateral simultaneous free gracilis muscle transfer with oral sphincter reconstruction, for one‐stage facial reanimation in patients with bilateral facial paralysis.Study DesignCase series.Methods/ResultsOne‐stage bilateral gracilis transfer was performed in three patients with bilateral facial paralysis. Muscle transplants produced a meaningful smile in all transferred muscles. All patients reported improved speech and decreased drooling.ConclusionsBilateral gracilis transplants with reconstruction of the oral commissure is a realistic option in management of the bilaterally paralyzed face. In this small series, it appears to improve oral competence, restore smiling, and contribute favorably to lower lip support. This technique has been made more feasible because the operative time for free tissue transfer has continuously declined with the use of two‐team surgery, improved microsurgical techniques, and the advent of venous coupling devices.
The prevalence of atopic symptoms in children with otitis media with effusion
Authors: Souter Melanie Anne , Mills Nicola Anne , Mahadevan Murali , Douglas Gavin , Ellwood Philippa Ellen , Asher Monica Innes , Clayton Tadd Oliver , Douglas Richard George 
Published: June 2009

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of allergic symptoms in children with otitis media with effusion (OME).Study DesignA validated questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was used to determine the prevalence of allergic symptoms in children. The questionnaire was completed by the parents of children with OME undergoing ventilation tube insertion, and the results were compared with a large reference group of school children of the same age.Subjects and MethodsChildren aged 6 or 7 years old with OME confirmed intraoperatively during ventilation tube insertion between 2001 and 2005 (n = 89). The prevalence of allergic symptoms and nasal symptoms in children with OME was compared with an age‐matched reference group.ResultsThere was no difference in the prevalence of allergic symptoms suggesting rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, or eczema between the OME and reference group. The prevalence of nasal symptoms, however, was greater in the children with OME than in the reference group 38.2 percent versus 23.5 percent (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.30‐3.10; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of allergic symptoms was similar in 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children with OME and the reference group, suggesting a limited effect of allergy in the pathogenesis of OME in this age group. Nasal symptoms were more common in the OME group, which may reflect a higher prevalence of adenoidal hyperplasia.