bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence That Nasal Insulin Induces Immune Tolerance to Insulin in Adults With Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Fourlanos Spiros , Perry Christine , Gellert Shane A. , Martinuzzi Emanuela , Mallone Roberto , Butler Jeanne , Colman Peter G. , Harrison Leonard C. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVEInsulin in pancreatic β-cells is a target of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. In the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes, oral or nasal administration of insulin induces immune tolerance to insulin and protects against autoimmune diabetes. Evidence for tolerance to mucosally administered insulin or other autoantigens is poorly documented in humans. Adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes in whom the disease process is subacute afford an opportunity to determine whether mucosal insulin induces tolerance to insulin subsequently injected for treatment.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 52 adults with recent-onset, noninsulin-requiring type 1 diabetes to nasal insulin or placebo for 12 months. Fasting blood glucose and serum C-peptide, glucagon-stimulated serum C-peptide, and serum antibodies to islet antigens were monitored three times monthly for 24 months. An enhanced ELISpot assay was used to measure the T-cell response to human proinsulin.RESULTSβ-Cell function declined by 35% overall, and 23 of 52 participants (44%) progressed to insulin treatment. Metabolic parameters remained similar between nasal insulin and placebo groups, but the insulin antibody response to injected insulin was significantly blunted in a sustained manner in those who had received nasal insulin. In a small cohort, the interferon-γ response of blood T-cells to proinsulin was suppressed after nasal insulin.CONCLUSIONSAlthough nasal insulin did not retard loss of residual β-cell function in adults with established type 1 diabetes, evidence that it induced immune tolerance to insulin provides a rationale for its application to prevent diabetes in at-risk individuals.
Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence Correlates With Autonomic and Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Conway Baqiyyah N. , Aroda Vanita R. , Maynard John D. , Matter Nathaniel , Fernandez Stephen , Ratner Robert E. , Orchard Trevor J. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) was associated with autonomic neuropathy and confirmed distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (CDSP) in 111 individuals with type 1 diabetes (mean age 49 years, mean diabetes duration 40 years).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
SIF was measured using the SCOUT DM device. Autonomic neuropathy was defined as an electrocardiographic abnormal heart rate response to deep breathing (expiration-to-inspiration ratio &lt;1.1). CDSP was defined using the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial clinical exam protocol (the presence of two or more of the following: symptoms, sensory and/or motor signs, and/or reduced/absent tendon reflexes consistent with DSP) confirmed by the presence of an abnormal age-specific vibratory threshold (using a Vibratron II tester).

RESULTS
The prevalence of autonomic neuropathy and CDSP were 61 and 66%, respectively. SIF was higher in those with autonomic neuropathy (P &lt; 0.0001). In multivariable analyses controlling for age and updated mean (18-year average) HbA1c, and allowing for other univariately and clinically significant correlates of autonomic neuropathy, each SD change in SIF was associated with a 2.6-greater likelihood of autonomic neuropathy (P = 0.006). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed that SIF and updated mean HbA1c accounted for 80 and 57%, respectively, of the area under the curve (AUC) for autonomic neuropathy. SIF also was higher in those with CDSP (P &lt; 0.0001) and remained so in multivariable analyses (odds ratio 2.70; P = 0.005). ROC analyses revealed that SIF and updated mean HbA1c accounted for 78 and 59%, respectively, of the AUC for CDSP.

CONCLUSIONS
SIF, a marker of dermal advanced glycation end products, appears to be more strongly associated with the presence of both CDSP and autonomic neuropathy than mean HbA1c.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Testing for Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Emergency-Department Triage
Authors: Arora Sanjay , Henderson Sean O. , Long Theodore , Menchine Michael 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
In the emergency department, hyperglycemic patients are screened for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) via a urine dipstick. In this prospective study, we compared the test characteristics of point-of-care β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) analysis with the urine dipstick.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Emergency-department patients with blood glucose ≥250 mg/dL had urine dipstick, chemistry panel, venous blood gas, and capillary β-OHB measurements. DKA was diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association criteria.

RESULTS
Of 516 hyperglycemic subjects, 54 had DKA. The urine dipstick had a sensitivity of 98.1% (95% CI 90.1–100), a specificity of 35.1% (30.7–39.6), a positive predictive value of 15% (11.5–19.2), and a negative predictive value of 99.4% (96.6–100) for DKA. Using the manufacturer-suggested cutoff of &gt;1.5 mmol/L, β-OHB had a sensitivity of 98.1% (90.1–100), a specificity of 78.6% (74.5–82.2), a positive predictive value of 34.9% (27.3–43), and a negative predictive value of 99.7% (98.5–100) for DKA.

CONCLUSIONS
Point-of-care β-OHB and the urine dipstick are equally sensitive for detecting DKA (98.1%). However, β-OHB is more specific (78.6 vs. 35.1%), offering the potential to significantly reduce unnecessary DKA work-ups among hyperglycemic patients in the emergency department.
Evaluation and verification of the WetSpa model based on selected rural catchments in Poland
Authors: Porretta-Brandyk Laura , Chormański Jarosław , Ignar Stefan , Okruszko Tomasz , Brandyk Andrzej , Szymczak Tomasz , Krężałek Katarzyna 
Published: February 2011

Evaluation and verification of the WetSpa model based on selected rural catchments in Poland
The paper presents results of calibration and verification of the WetSpa model, which enables the modelling of rainfall-runoff process based on mass and energy balance in the soil-plantatmosphere system in the catchment. It is a model with distributed parameters, using the structure of raster GIS model to determine the spatial diversity of the catchment environment. This enables simulation of runoff from the catchment, including: precipitation, evapotranspiration, interception of plant surface and soil cover, infiltration and capillary rise in soil and groundwater runoff. Simulated processes depend on the required non-distributed parameters, which were calibrated based on hydrometeorological data from the three rural catchments with different physical and geographical characteristics: Mławka, located in the Wkra basin in Central Poland and the rivers Kamienna and Sidra, which are tributaries of the upper Biebrza in north-eastern part of the country. Distributed catchment parameters were specified on the basis of digital soil maps, land use maps and digital elevation model using GIS techniques. Non-distributed model parameters were calibrated for the three catchments using automatic techniques based on the PEST algorithm. The obtained values of these parameters were scrutinized in order to analyse differences resulting from various characteristics of the study areas. The quality of the model was verified upon dependent and independent data. Appropriate quality measures, including Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency measure, were used to assess model quality. For two catchments (the Sidra and Kamienna) the model showed a satisfactory quality for modelling high flows, it was, however, not satisfactory for low flows. The values for the Mławka catchment justified the assessment of the model quality measurements as very good and good. The factors most affecting the process of river outflow formation were determined using the analysis of model sensitivity to relative changes in parameter values. It was found that the evaluation of the model quality depended largely on the quality of meteorological data and proper parameterization of the soil cover.
Effect of Oxygen Incorporation into Cyclohexanone Ring on Antifeedant Activity
Authors: Dancewicz Katarzyna , Ratuś Barbara , Boratyński Filip , Kordan Bożena , Gabryś Beata , Wawrzeńczyk Czesław 
Published: February 2011

Effect of Oxygen Incorporation into Cyclohexanone Ring on Antifeedant ActivityThe behaviour of the peach potato aphidMyzus persicae(Sulz.) was studied during settling on plants. The experiment involved observing peach potato aphid activity after the application of some natural and synthetic cyclohexanones and the, respective ε-lactones and epoxy-ε-lactones which were obtained from the cyclohexanones. Stereochemistry, and the number and position of methyl substituents were important for the biological activity of the starting compounds: only trimethyl-substituted cyclohexanones were active,i.e.3.3.5-trimethylcyclohexanone (deterrent) and 2.2.6-trimethylcyclohexanone (attractant). The effect of oxygen incorporation into the cyclohexanone ring on deterrent activity varied depending on the starting compound. The ε-lactones that derived from saturated cyclohexanones were either weak attractants or were inactive, except the deterrent ε-lactone with three methyl groups at positions 3.7.7. None of the products of unsaturated ketone isophorone (weak deterrent) oxidation,i.e.epoxy isophorone, epoxy lactone, or unsaturated lactone, affected aphid settling. Of the two epoxy ketones obtained from (+)-dihydrocarvone that was inactive, only (2S, 5S)-2-methyl-5-((S)-1-methyloxiranyl)-cyclohexanone was a strong deterrent. Both epoxy-ε-lactones that derived from (+)-dihydrocarvone were strong deterrents.
The Effect of Plant Oils for Reducing Contamination of Stored Packaged-Foodstuffs
Authors: Allahvaisi Somaye , Maroufpoor Mostafa , Abdolmaleki Arman , Hoseini Saied-Ali , Ghasemzadeh Somaye 
Published: February 2011

The Effect of Plant Oils for Reducing Contamination of Stored Packaged-FoodstuffsA study to determine the effect of essential oils, used together with mixed packaging, on controlling stored-grain insects, was conducted in the laboratory. Plant essential oils are one of the materials that act like a contact-fumigant, offering the prospect for use in stored product protection. Plant essential oils must have the ability to repel the insects in order to prevent penetration to foodstuffs. The objective of the present study was to test the properties ofCinnamomum camphoraandSyzygium aromaticumfor preventing the penetration of pest insects, including:Sitotroga cerealellaandEphestia kuehniella5th instar larvae to packaged cereals. Ten grams of wheat and flour as foodstuffs were placed inside Cellophane packages and hung vertically in the top of a container. The repellent essential oils were used in the interior surface of containers. Each container had punctures at different parts and the insects were released around the container to determine insect penetration and the effect of the repellents. The experiments were conducted at 26±1°C, 60±5% RH in dark conditions. The highest concentration was 1.5 μl of essential oil per 0.5 ml acetone. Four days after the initiation of the experiment the results showedS. aromaticumhad more of a repellency effect thanC. camphoraon both pests that caused contamination deduction inside the packaged foodstuffs compared with the control. However, both the essential oils were effective as protectants of cereals butS. aromaticumwas more effective.S. aromaticumcaused the most repellency onE. kuehniella.The mean of repellency of all the concentrations was 81.4%. The results demonstrated the efficacy of these essential oils for use in organic food protection.C. camphoraandS. aromaticumcan prevent warehouse infestation of stored-product pests.
Innovation Management and an Innovative Ideas System
Authors: Brcar Franc , Lah Silvo 
Published: February 2011

Innovation Management and an Innovative Ideas System
Innovation management is one of the most important tasks for managers in order to make their organizations successful and efficient. A part of this ranges from innovative employee ideas for small everyday improvements up to innovations that bring enormous savings. The survey tries to determine which factors influence the number of innovative ideas and to propose methods for improvements in this area. The basic research method used was a questionnaire, which helped us gather data and the basic method used for data processing was statistical analysis. First, we established that there is a progressive correlation between the number of innovative ideas submitted in the past and the number of anticipated innovative ideas in the future. Second, we established that the following three factors have an impact on innovation and creativity: (1) work and education; (2) working and living conditions; and (3) rewards and payment. Finally, we have established that there is a correlation between satisfaction with the rewards and payment factor and the current life-cycle stage of organization. To summarize, the level of innovation and creativity of employees is influenced by their overall satisfaction in an organization.
Modelling of the effects of land use changes on flood hydrograph in a small catchment of the Płaskowicka, southern part of Warsaw, Poland
Authors: Banasik Kazimierz , Pham Ngoc 
Published: February 2011

Modelling of the effects of land use changes on flood hydrograph in a small catchment of the Płaskowicka, southern part of Warsaw, Poland
This study concerns the influence of urbanized trend affected on the flood hydrograph in a small catchment in Warsaw. Based on recorded events a selected procedure for simulation rainfall-runoff process has been accepted for flood estimation. The Soil Conservation Services Curve Number method (SCS-CN) and empirical formulae for Nash model parameters, developed by Rao at al. were used to analyze the nine selected events from 2007 to 2009. The analysis confirmed usefulness of the selected procedure, implicated in a home developed computer program, for estimating flood hydrographs as responses of the small urban catchment to heavy rainfall events. Flood hydrographs were estimated for three various stages of land use. The results demonstrate that the peak flood flow would increase over eight times due to urbanisation of the catchment.
Shallow-water craft from medieval Denmark
Authors: Bill Jan 
Published: February 2011

En raison de sa superficie et de ses particularités naturelles, le Danemark ne jouit pas de grands réseaux fluviaux ou de lacs pouvant être utilisés pour le transport à l'intérieur des terres. Il présente, cependant, de nombreux fjords et bras de mer qui pénètrent loin dans les terres et forment des situations très comparables à celles des régions de fleuves et de lacs. À l'époque médiévale, les eaux intérieures ont une importance cruciale pour le transport et les communications, comme le prouve le nombre croissant de villes fondées sur leurs rives à cette époque.
De récentes fouilles ont permis de connaître un type spécial de navire conçu pour le cabotage en eaux peu profondes dans le sud-est du pays. Ces découvertes nous éclairent sur la manière dont les eaux intérieures étaient utilisées, sur le type de transport et nous permettent de mieux comprendre quelles forces régissaient l'économie et la société du Moyen Âge.
Cet exposé rappelle brièvement les évolutions du paysage urbain danois en 1000-1500 en termes d'accessibilité par navire. Il démontre la présence dans le sud-est du Danemark, d'un type de navire adapté à des eaux peu profondes et précise en quoi cela modifie notre compréhension de l'économie médiévale. Enfin, il tend à déterminer pour cette même période, l'existence dans l'ensemble du pays d'autres navires d'un type comparable.
Histoire de cordes et de rames
Authors: Lonchambon Catherine 
Published: February 2011

The Durance river flows along 300 km from its source in the upper Alps to the Rhône where they meet south of Avignon. The most interesting part of its course for us is between Embrun and Avignon, where until the 19th century, ferries were used to cross. Its torrential character and its floods made the building of bridges before that tinte useless. In addition to this spirit, the Durance had the inconsistency of frequently opening up new courses. The way of operating, the structures and berth for the boats had to adapt to the constraints imposed by the river.
There were more than twenty ferries -for forty «communes» - on the lower and upper Durance, twenty boats described in the relative documents as covering the medieval and modern periods. The archives concerning the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries are scarce (10 %) but not negligeable. However it was not until the 18th century that a consistent mass of information became available. These texts enable us to reconstitute the general structures implemented for the ferries to operate smoothly:
- The flat-bottomed boat with raised sides measured 14 to 24 m, was equipped with an imposing rudder and a «arbre» or mast placed at two-thirds ofthe boat's length to the front. It travelled through water by means of a «grosse corde» or trail stretched across the river and against which the « arbre » slid while keeping the boat against the current; embarkation and disembarkation took place on wooden boarding decks which were moved according to the water level.
Other arrangements were made in addition to this simple diagram, aiming to reinforce the trail bridge and facilitate access to the ferry. During ordinary periods, the passage across was made by means ofthe trail bridge, but this ceased when the waters rose beyond a certain point. During shallow water periods, the ferry man used a small boat with oars. The lightness ο f thèse structures met the requirement to be able to move the port every time the waters changea bed and thus rendered the passage across rather difficult. The ideal berth was characterised by the existence of a sole branch of water to cross, without a ford nearby and with an easy access.
Despite ail this, the crossing was not devoid of ail danger and depended, to a large extent, on the skill and willingness of the ferrymen. For the preceding centuries, the présence of a trail is confirmed up until the 14th century. The other infrastructures are difficult to understand but it seems logical that they be restored as the crossing conditions remained unchanged between the Middle Ages and the 19th century. The development of such a complex System became, very early on, necessary due to the importance of trade relations between Provence and the Comté Venaissin as well as between lower and upper Provence.
Inland water boats and shipping in Sweden. The great lakes
Authors: Westerdahl Christer 
Published: February 2011

Les bateaux des lacs et rivières de Suède n'ont pas été encore à ce jour, présentés de manière concluante, dans le cadre d'un colloque international. Le matériel archéologique est riche, et en partie bien conservé, principalement sur les trois sites de Vànern, Vâttern et M'alar en (dans cet ordre de grandeur, cf. fig. 1). D'une manière générale, l'intérêt de cette étude est de démontrer que des « zones de transport traditionnel» peuvent se rencontrer dans des environnements naturels diversifiés; chaque zone correspondant à un certain type de bateau adapté aux systèmes de communication, en fonction des chargements ou des abris portuaires (fig. 3).
En second lieu, ce travail met l'accent sur le fait que « des enclaves », en matière de transport, se rencontrent fréquemment dans chaque lac ou secteur de voies navigables. Ces « enclaves » géographiques et sociales ont sans doute déterminé la plupart des aspects du transport interne, depuis la construction des navires jusqu'à la navigation elle-même.
The Ma'agan Mikhael ship (Israël)
Authors: Kahanov Yaacov 
Published: February 2011

Le navire a été découvert sous une couche de sable de 1 m d'épaisseur à une profondeur de 1,5 m, à 70 m au large du kibboutz Ma'agan Mikhael, à 35 km au sud de Haifa. Il mesure environ 13 m de long et son déplacement est de 25 tonnes. Il a été daté d'environ 400av.J.-C.
À bord se trouvaient 13 tonnes de pierres (de provenance non locale), quelque soixante-dix récipients en terre venant de Chypre et de l'est de la Grèce, des restes de nourriture, des cordages, des outils de charpenterie navale et une ancre en bois à une seule patte. Une grande quantité du bois de la coque a été retrouvée en excellent état. Aucune indication de présence de tarets ou de bernacles n'a été relevée. Le navire a été construit selon la méthode « bordé premier ». La quille, composée d'une seule pièce de bois, a été retrouvée entière, toujours solidaire de l'étrave et de l'étambot dont les courbures supérieures sont bien définies. À tribord, le bordé est resté en place jusqu'à la virure n° 11. Parmi les éléments internes, quatorze membrures complètes et l'emplanture du mât ont été retrouvées. Les pièces constitutives de l'étrave et de l'étambot étaient ligaturées. Le navire était probablement neuf lorsqu'il a coulé.
Technologiquement et chronologiquement, le bateau de Ma'agan Mikhael peut être situé entre les navires du VIe s. - Giglio, Bon-Porté et Gela - de la Méditerranée orientale et occidentale, et le navire de Kyrenia du IVe s. av. J.-C. de la Méditerranée orientale.
Bayonne and beyond
Authors: Hutchinson Gillian 
Published: February 2011

Différentes traditions de construction navale se sont développées dans les diverses parties de l'Europe depuis les origines. Au Moyen Âge, et plus particulièrement à partir des Croisades, l'interaction entre les traditions et le partage de la technologie s'est accrue, ce qui explique qu'en 1500, le trois-mâts à coque à franc-bord était construit à travers toute l'Europe.
Cet exposé s'interrogera sur les moyens par lesquels la technologie peut s'être répandue d'une région à une autre, que ce soit par l'introduction de nouvelles méthodes, de nouvelles caractéristiques ou de nouveaux types de navires, et sur l'intégration ou la non-intégration des innovations dans les méthodes de construction déjà existantes. Certains avancent que la transmission ne s' est pas faite par une osmose progressive entre les ports européens, mais qu'elle résulte des efforts des constructeurs d'un nombre limité de régions côtières.
The Genoese cocha
Authors: Ciciliot Furio 
Published: February 2011

Au XIIIe s., un nouveau type de gros navire, appelé cocha, apparaît dans la flotte génoise. Il disparaîtra au début du XVe s. Les spécialistes de la typologie nautique ont associé ce type de navire aux «cogs» du nord de l'Europe.
D'après les documents génois, la cocha comporte parfois plusieurs mâts, des voiles latines, trois gouvernails, plusieurs ponts, et est semblable à la navis, le navire génois type, déjà très courant au Xlf s.
Quelles sont les principales caractéristiques de la cocha ? Comment distingue-t-on la cocha de la navis ? Pourquoi la cocha génoise disparaît-elle au XVe s. sans laisser de témoignages linguistiques ?
Nous η 'avons pas de réponses précises à ces questions. Les documents que nous examinerons peuvent nous aider à émettre des hypothèses sur ces sujets qui comptent parmi les plus importants pour l'étude des relations entre les flottes de l'Atlantique et de la Méditerranée à l'époque médiévale.