bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FimH‐Inhibitoren – eine neue Möglichkeit chronische Harnwegsinfektionen zu behandeln und zu verhindern
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: March 2012

Abstract40 bis 50 % der Frauen durchleiden in ihrem Leben eine Harnwegsinfektion und etwa die Hälfte erkrankt im kommenden halben Jahr ein zweites Mal. Das sind ca. 15 Millionen Infektionen pro Jahr alleine in den USA.
Using time‐to‐onset for detecting safety signals in spontaneous reports of adverse events following immunization: a proof of concept study
Authors: Van Holle Lionel , Zeinoun Ziad , Bauchau Vincent , Verstraeten Thomas 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeDisproportionality analyses (DPA) are widely used in pharmacovigilance for detecting safety signals from spontaneous reports of adverse events. In these analyses, time‐to‐onset (TTO; the time between vaccination and the onset of the adverse event) is rarely considered. Our objective is to assess the potential use of TTO to improve signal detection (SD).MethodsAdverse events were defined as signals for a vaccine if the TTO distribution was significantly different from the distribution of other events for the same vaccine and from the distribution obtained with the same event for other vaccines. Distributions were compared within a time window of 30 days by using the two‐sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic. With the use of the product label as a proxy of true positive safety signals, TTO SD was compared with a standard DPA method (based on stratified empirical Bayesian geometric mean) for an oral live pediatric vaccine (Rotarix™) and an inactivated adult vaccine (Fluarix™).ResultsWith the use of the GlaxoSmithKline spontaneous reports database for Rotarix™, 10 Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms were identified as signals, and among them, five were listed in the product label. The DPA method identified only three preferred terms from the label, that is, TTO SD showed higher sensitivity and specificity. For Fluarix™, TTO SD also showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity.ConclusionThis TTO SD method is complementary, conceptually and practically, to more traditional DPA and does not share the major drawback of DPA known as the masking effect. Higher sensitivity and/or specificity can be achieved using TTO SD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eine Gefahr für die Raumfahrt
Authors: Klinkrad Heiner 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMehr als 50 Jahre Raumfahrt haben in einigen erdnahen Bahnregionen zu kritischen Konzentrationen sowohl in der Anzahl als auch in der Masse von Raumfahrtrückständen geführt. Im Februar 2009 kam es zu einer ersten Kollision zwischen zwei Satelliten (Iridium 33 und Kosmos 2251). Dieses Ereignis lag im Erwartungsbereich von vorherigen Prognosen, die eine zunehmende Anzahl von Kollisionen zwischen massereichen Objekten als Vorboten einer Kollisions‐Kettenreaktion im erdnahen Weltraum interpretieren. Um einer solchen Entwicklung entgegen zu wirken bedarf es der aktiven Entfernung von nicht mehr funktionstüchtigen Satelliten und Raketenoberstufen, die etwa 75 % der im Orbit befindlichen Masse ausmachen.
Stress management training for breast cancer surgery patients
Authors: Garssen Bert , Boomsma Martijn F. , de Jager Meezenbroek Eltica , Porsild Terry , Berkhof Johannes , Berbee Monique , Visser Adriaan , Meijer Sybren , Beelen Rob H. J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the psychological effects of a pre‐surgical stress management training (SMT) in cancer patients.MethodsStress management training comprised four sessions in total: on 5 days and 1 day pre‐surgery and on 2 days and 1 month post‐surgery. Patients also received audio CDs with relaxation and coping skills exercises. Patients were randomly assigned to the SMT (N = 34) or a regular care condition (N = 36). Depression, anxiety, quality of life, perception of control, fatigue, pain, sleep problems, and surgery‐related somatic symptoms were measured at Day 6 and Day 1 pre‐surgery, and Day 2, 5, 30 and 90 post‐surgery.ResultsDepression and fatigue decreased in the intervention group and increased in the control group, leading to significant group differences at Day 2 (fatigue) and Day 5 post‐surgery (fatigue and depression). It also appeared that surgery‐related symptoms had increased more in the control group 3 months post‐surgery than in the SMT group. No intervention effects were observed for anxiety, pain, and sleep problems.ConclusionThe use of a short psychological intervention is effective in reducing depression and fatigue in the post‐surgical period, although the effects are of short duration.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High sensitivity steroid analysis using liquid chromatography/solvent‐assisted inlet ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Chubatyi Nicholas D. , Pagnotti Vincent S. , Bentzley Catherine M. , McEwen Charles N. 
Published: March 2012

RATIONALESteroids can be injected to behave as therapeutic agents to promote muscle growth and strength. Areas of concern include synthetic steroids in consumer meat and milk products and the presence of anabolic steroids in athletes. Here we demonstrate a new ionization method for high sensitivity steroid analysis using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS).METHODSSolvent‐assisted inlet ionization (SAII) mass spectrometry was coupled directly to an infusion pump or to a liquid chromatograph to determine the limits of detection and quantitation for selected steroids. LC/MS/MS data was acquired on a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer and high resolution‐accurate mass LC/MS data was obtained on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer.RESULTSThe SAII limit of detection for infusion into the Orbitrap using high mass resolution and accurate mass was shown, for the steroids studied, to be low ppqt and the limit of quantitation using LC/MS was low ppt. Low ppb levels were detected with high signal‐to‐noise from spiked urine using a simple Ziptip procedure without sample concentration.CONCLUSIONSLC/SAII‐MS is more sensitive than electrospray ionization (ESI) at similar mobile phase flow rates for the analysis of steroids. Previous studies have shown LC/SAII‐MS to have high sensitivity for analysis of peptides. The combined results suggests this easy to implement ionization method may advantageously replace ESI for a wide range of analyses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation investigation of seven arylnaphthalide lignans using liquid chromatography/tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Meihua , Zheng Yuguo 
Published: March 2012

RATIONALEThe combination of fragmentation patterns in positive and negative ion modes could be helpful in understanding the structural features of these arylnaphthalide lignans.METHODSFragmentation patterns of seven arylnaphthalide lignans were investigated using liquid chromatography/tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and their fragmentation pathways were comprehensively characterized.RESULTSIn the positive ion mode, the cleavage of the C‐1′–C‐7′ bond was the most characteristic fragmentation pattern of the lignans with both 2′‐hydroxy and 4′,5′‐methylenedioxy groups on the B ring. Arylnaphthalide lignans containing a methylenedioxy group on the B ring could lose C2H2O2 easily. The characteristic mass losses of 58 Da (C2H2O2) could indicate the presence of a methylenedioxy group on the B ring. In the negative ion mode, the type of substituents at C‐7 could affect the cleavage pattern of the lactone ring.CONCLUSIONSIn search for new compounds, and also in quality control, there is a need to have reliable methodology for the analysis of arylnaphthalide lignans. These results should be useful in the analysis of natural products with similar substructures from Chinese herbs in the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sticky Bio‐inspired Micropillars: Finding the Best Shape
Authors: Carbone Giuseppe , Pierro Elena 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVery recently, both experimental and theoretical investigations have shown that microstructured surfaces covered with mushroom‐shaped micropillars present strongly enhanced adhesive properties if compared to flat surfaces made of the same material. However, different geometries lead to different adhesive performance, and finding the optimal solution has become of utmost importance. This paper presents on which physical basis the optimal mushroom pillar shape should be sought, and it provides a relatively simple methodology to achieve the result. Calculations demonstrate that the adhesive performance of the pillar strongly depends on the geometry of the terminal plate. The best performance is achieved when the ratio s/Ri between the plate thickness (s) and the pillar internal radius (Ri) is close to 0.2–0.3, and the ratio Re/Ri is larger than 2, where Re is the external radius of the plate.
Liquid Crystal Order in Colloidal Suspensions of Spheroidal Particles by Direct Current Electric Field Assembly
Authors: Shah Aayush A. , Kang Heekyoung , Kohlstedt Kevin L. , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Glotzer Sharon C. , Monroe Charles W. , Solomon Michael J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDC electric fields are used to produce colloidal assemblies with orientational and layered positional order from a dilute suspension of spheroidal particles. These 3D assemblies, which can be visualized in situ by confocal microscopy, are achieved in short time spans (t < 1 h) by the application of a constant voltage across the capacitor‐like device. This method yields denser and more ordered assemblies than had been previously reported with other assembly methods. Structures with a high degree of orientational order as well as layered positional order normal to the electrode surface are observed. These colloidal structures are explained as a consequence of electrophoretic deposition and field‐assisted assembly. The interplay between the deposition rate and the rotational Brownian motion is found to be critical for the optimal ordering, which occurs when these rates, as quantified by the Peclet number, are of order one. The results suggest that the mechanism leading to ordering is equilibrium self‐assembly but with kinetics dramatically accelerated by the application of the DC electric field. Finally, the crystalline symmetry of the densest structure formed is determined and compared with previously studied spheroidal assemblies.
Zähigkeitsdargebote kaltgefertigter Hohlprofile bei tiefen Temperaturen
Authors: Eichler Björn , Feldmann Markus , Sedlacek Gerhard 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKaltgefertigte Hohlprofile europäischer Hersteller weisen in der Regel bessere Zähigkeitseigenschaften auf als in DIN EN 10219 gefordert. Gleichwohl treten häufig Schwierigkeiten beim Einsatz kaltgefertigter Hohlprofile auf, da die Nachweisregeln zur Stahlgütewahl nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐10 dafür nicht anwendbar sind. Deswegen wurde ein Bemessungskonzept zur Stahlgütewahl entwickelt, welches auf realen Zähigkeitsmessungen an kaltgefertigten Hohlprofilen und effektiver Dehnungen beruht. Diese plastischen Dehnungen in den gebogenen Bereichen können zu einem Abfall der Materialzähigkeit führen. Für kreisförmige und rechteckige kaltgefertigte Hohlprofile wurde infolgedessen ein Verschiebungsterm DTcf zur Berücksichtigung dieser Zähigkeitsreduktion in Analogie zum temperaturbasierten Sprödbruchkonzept in DIN EN 1993‐1‐10 abgeleitet.Toughness performance of cold‐formed structural hollow sections for low temperatures. European cold‐formed hollow sections in general exhibit better toughness properties than required by EN 10219. However, limits in applying the toughness related rules for the choice of steel material in EN 1993‐1‐10 to cold‐formed hollow sections still constitute barriers to free marketing. An assessment procedure has been developed which is based on toughness measurements and effective strains. Such plastic strains may occur in the bent areas associated with a toughness reduction. For the degradation of these toughness properties an appropriate temperature shift DTcf has been derived for both circular and rectangular hollow sections.
Risikoorientierte Bemessung von Tragstrukturen
Authors: Pertermann Ines , Puthli Ram , Ummenhofer Thomas , Vrouwenvelder A.C.W.M (Ton) 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDer Eurocode DIN EN 1990 [1] eröffnet in Anhang B, Abschnitt B.3 mit der Definition verschiedener Schadensfolgeklassen (Consequences Classes CC1 bis CC3; deutsches Synonym: Versagensfolgeklasse) eine Möglichkeit zur risikoorientierten Festlegung des erforderlichen Zuverlässigkeitsniveaus. Dies kann durch Anpassung, d. h. Abminderung oder Erhöhung der Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte auf der Einwirkungs‐ oder der Widerstandsseite erfolgen. Soll das Zuverlässigkeitsniveau einzelner Bauteile oder einzelner Bauteilnachweise angepasst werden, so ist die Berücksichtigung auf der Widerstandsseite zweckmäßig. Ist das gesamte Tragwerk einer Schadensfolgeklasse zuzuordnen oder betrifft die Festlegung des Zuverlässigkeitsniveaus eine bestimmte Einwirkung, so ist die Berücksichtigung auf der Einwirkungsseite zweckmäßig. Transparenter ist jedoch die Erfassung in einem eigenständigen Faktor KFI (FI: Force Importance), auch Bedeutungsbeiwert genannt. Die Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte können dann unverändert bleiben. Im folgenden Artikel werden Hintergründe und Herleitung dieses Bedeutungsbeiwertes erläutert.Risk oriented design of structures – Force importance factors KFI for differentiating the reliability levels of the different Consequences Classes. The Eurocode EN 1990 [1] Annex B Clause B.3 allows a risk oriented differentiation of the reliability levels with the definition of different consequences classes CC1 to CC3. This can occur through decrease or increase of the safety factor for either the action or the resistance. Should the reliability level of an individual structural component or individual structural check need to be differentiated, it is appropriate to consider the resistance side. If the whole structure is to be assigned a certain consequences class, or if the reliability level relates to a particular action, it is appropriate to consider the action side. In any case the inclusion in an independent factor KFI provides more transparency. The partial factors can then remain unchanged. This article describes the background and derivation of these force importance factors.
Development of spatial cognition
Authors: Vasilyeva Marina , Lourenco Stella F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSpatial cognition plays an essential role in everyday functioning and provides a foundation for successful performance in scientific and technological fields. Reasoning about space involves processing information about distance, angles, and direction. Starting from infancy, children display sensitivity to these spatial properties, although their initial skills are quite limited. Subsequent development during early childhood and through the elementary school years involves gradual improvement in the use of individual frames of reference (i.e.,egocentricandallocentric), as well as in the ability to flexibly combine different types of spatial information. Similarly, there is a relatively long progression from the starting points, when infants and young children display sensitivity to distance and form simple spatial categories, to more mature spatial competence when older children and adults integrate distance and categorical information hierarchically. Such developments are associated with both the maturation of specific brain regions and accumulating experience, including interactions with the physical world and the acquisition of cultural tools. In particular, the mastery of symbolic spatial representations, such as maps and models, significantly augments basic spatial capabilities. While growing evidence implicates both biological and experiential factors in the development of spatial cognition, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the developmental process requires further investigation of how such factors interact to produce organisms that function competently in their environments.WIREs Cogn Sci2012, 3:349–362. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1171This article is categorized under:Psychology > Development and Aging
A mixture model with evolving mass densities for describing synthesis and resorption phenomena in bones reconstructed with bio‐resorbable materials
Authors: Lekszycki T. , dell'Isola F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe multiform bio‐mechanical phenomena occurring in bones grafted with the addition of artificial materials urge for the formulation of models which are sophisticated enough to describe their complexity. In the present paper we present a continuum poro‐elastic mixture model in which two apparent mass densities are introduced to describe, at a macroscopic length scale, situations in which bone tissues and artificial materials coexist and interact. We focus on the final healing stage process when the bone remodelling becomes the dominant phenomenon. Artificial materials used are obviously to be bio‐compatible and must resist to externally applied mechanical loads. More recently in order to favour bone tissue re‐growth in grafts, which improves the long term performances of grafted bones, it has been conceived to use substitute materials which may be, similarly to bone tissue, bio‐resorbed by osteoclasts and eventually replaced by newly synthesised living tissue. To account for resorption and synthesis phenomena suitable evolution equations are introduced for Lagrangian mass densities of the mixture constituents in which an integrodifferential operator defined on deformation fields appears. This operator is chosen to model some features of the coupling between mechanical compliance and biological bone tissue activity. The obtained system of integrodifferential equations is not trivial also when one considers one dimensional cases. Treating this simplified situations will allow us to individuate more easily some important remodelling scenarios. The numerical simulations which we present here show that the introduced model is promising and deserves to be developed to give previsions in more realistic applications.
Spatial structure, rock type, and local environmental conditions drive moss and lichen distribution on calcareous boulders
Authors: Spitale Daniel , Nascimbene Juri 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough mosses and lichens are a relevant component of the biota of rock habitats targeted for biodiversity conservation in Europe, the ecological factors driving their distribution are still poorly known. In this work, we examined the epilithic moss and lichen assemblages colonizing boulders of different types of calcareous rocks co‐occurring in the same area in the Italian Alps. The goals were: (1) to evaluate if and to what extent different calcareous rocks host different assemblages; (2) to identify species associated to each rock type; (3) to quantify the relative importance of rock type, local environmental factors, and habitat spatial structure in explaining species distribution. Our results demonstrated that different calcareous rocks host different moss and lichen assemblages with some typical species, indicating that each rock type contributes to the total diversity of both mosses and lichens. Local environmental conditions influenced mosses and not lichens whose distribution is mainly associated to rock type. The patterns of both organism groups were also significantly related to habitat spatial structure, species assemblages tending to have a patchy distribution, which may reflect dispersal dynamics. Our results have implications for conservation: (1) each rock type may play a relevant role in maintaining the overall diversity contributing with unique assemblages and typical species; (2) the patchy distribution of both moss and lichen assemblages should warn from considering rock patches as a monotonous repetition of the same habitat across space.
Lagrangian and spectral analysis of the forced flow past a circular cylinder using pulsed tangential jets
Authors: Jardin T. , Bury Y. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe numerically investigate the influence of pulsed tangential jets on the flow past a circular cylinder. To this end a spectral-Lagrangian dual approach is used on the basis of time-series data. The analysis reveals that the flow response to unsteady forcing is driven by strong interactions between shear layers and pulsed jets. The latter preferentially lead to either the lock-on regime or the quasi-steady vortex feeding regime whether the excitation frequency is of the order of, or significantly greater than, the frequency of the natural instability. The intensity of the wake vortices is mainly influenced by the momentum coefficient through the introduction of opposite-sign vorticity in the shear layers. This feature is emphasized using a modal-based time reconstruction, i.e. by reconstructing the flow field upon a specific harmonic spectrum associated with a characteristic time scale. The quasi-steady regime exhibits small-scale counter-rotating vortices that circumscribe the separated region. In the lock-on regime, atypical wake patterns such as 2P or $\mathrm{P} + \mathrm{S} $ can be observed, depending on the forcing frequency and the momentum coefficient, highlighting remarkable analogies with oscillating cylinders.
Optimal inflow boundary condition perturbations in steady stenotic flow
Authors: Mao X. , Blackburn H. M. , Sherwin S. J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe determine optimal inflow boundary perturbations to steady flow through a straight inflexible tube with a smooth axisymmetric stenosis at a bulk-flow Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}= 400$, for which the flow is asymptotically stable. The perturbations computed produce an optimal gain, i.e. kinetic energy in the domain at a given time horizon normalized by a measure of time-integrated energy on the inflow boundary segment. We demonstrate that similarly to the optimal initial condition problem, the gain can be interpreted as the leading singular value of the forward linearized operator that evolves the boundary conditions to the final state at a fixed time. In this investigation we restrict our attention to problems where the temporal profile of the perturbations examined is a product of a Gaussian bell and a sinusoid, whose frequency is selected to excite axial wavelengths similar to those of the optimal initial perturbations in the same geometry. Comparison of the final state induced by the optimal boundary perturbation with that induced by the optimal initial condition demonstrates a close agreement for the selected problem. Previous works dealing with optimal boundary perturbation considered a prescribed spatial structure and computed an optimal temporal variation of a wall-normal velocity component, whereas in this paper we consider the problem of a prescribed temporal structure and compute the optimal spatial variation of velocity boundary conditions over a one-dimensional inflow boundary segment. The methodology is capable of optimizing boundary perturbations in general non-parallel two- and three-dimensional flows.