bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of zearalenone and soybean isoflavone in diets on the growth performance, organ development and serum parameters in prepubertal gilts
Authors: Wang D. F. , Zhang N. Y. , Peng Y. Z. , Qi D. S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe aim of the present research was to determine the interactive effect of zearalenone (ZEA) and soybean isoflavone (ISO) on the growth performance, development of organs and serum parameters in prepubertal gilts. Ninety 75‐day‐old female pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 26.5 ± 0.60 kg) were randomly allocated to nine diet treatments during the 21‐day study. The experiment employed a 3 × 3 factorial design using a non‐soybean meal diet with the addition of 0, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg ZEA and 0, 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO. The results indicated that simultaneous addition of ZEA and ISO had no significant influence on the growth performance in prepubertal gilts. Zearalenone with 2 mg/kg increased (p < 0.05) the relative weight of the reproductive organs (including uterus and vagina) but had no obvious effects (p > 0.05) on the relative weight of the heart, liver, lung, kidney and spleen. Isoflavone at 600 mg/kg could offset the increased weight of the reproductive organs induced by ZEA. Simultaneous addition of ZEA and ISO to prepubertal gilts increased the level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum (p < 0.05) at day 14 but their levels decreased (p < 0.05) over time. Zearalenone increased the level of malondialdehyde and decreased the concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) in the serum. The results suggested that ISO added to diets at 600 mg/kg could reduce the increase in the relative weight of reproductive organs and relieve the oxidative stress induced by ZEA added at 2 mg/kg during the growth phase in prepubertal gilts.
New onset diabetes after kidney transplantation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: RUDERMAN IRENE , MASTERSON ROSEMARY , YATES CHRISTOPHER , GORELIK ALEXANDRA , COHNEY SHLOMO J , WALKER ROWAN G 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT:Background:  New onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a common adverse outcome of organ transplantation that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, infection and graft rejection. In kidney transplantation, apart from traditional risk factors, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has also been reported by several authors as a predisposing factor to the development of NODAT, but any rationale for an association between ADPKD and NODAT is unclear. We examined the cumulative incidence of NODAT in or own transplant population comparing ADPKD patients with non‐ADPKD controls.Methods:  A retrospective cohort study to determine the cumulative incidence of patients developing NODAT (defined by World Health Organization‐based criteria and/or use of hypoglycaemic medication) was conducted in 79 patients with ADPKD (79 transplants) and 423 non‐ADPKD controls (426 transplants) selected from 613 sequential transplant recipients over 8 years. Patients with pre‐existing diabetes as a primary disease or comorbidity and/or with minimal follow up or early graft loss/death were excluded.Results:  Of the 502 patients (505 transplants) studied, 86 (17.0%) developed NODAT. There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of NODAT in the ADPKD (16.5%; CI 13.6–20.7%) compared with the non‐ADPKD (17.1%; CI 8.3–24.6%) control group. Of the 13 patients in the ADPKD group with NODAT, three required treatment with insulin with or without oral hypoglycaemic agents. Among the 73 NODAT patients in the non‐ADPKD group, eight received insulin with or without oral hypoglycaemics. Furthermore, of the patients that did develop NODAT, there was no difference in the time to its development in patients with and without ADPKDConclusion:  There was no evidence of an increased incidence of NODAT in ADPKD kidney transplant recipients.
Effect of exercise on albuminuria in people with diabetes
Authors: KOH KENG‐HEE , DAYANATH BOLONGHOGE , DOERY JAMES CG , POLKINGHORNE KEVAN R , TEEDE HELENA , KERR PETER G 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Spot urine measurement of albumin is now the most commonly accepted approach to screening for proteinuria. Exertion prior to the collection may potentially influence the result of spot urine albumin estimation. We aim to evaluate the effect of exercise on albuminuria in subjects at various stages of diabetic nephropathy in comparison with healthy control volunteers.Methods:  Thirty‐five people with diabetes (19 with normoalbuminuria (NA), nine with microalbuminuria (MA) and seven with overt proteinuria (OP)) and nine control subjects were assessed. A 1 km treadmill walk was performed. Four spot urine specimens were collected: first morning void, immediately prior to exercise, and 1 h and 2 h after exercise. A random effects linear regression mixed model was used to assess the effect of exercise on albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR). Results are presented separately for male and female subjects with diabetes due to a significant exercise/gender interaction (P < 0.05).Results:  No significant effect of exercise on uACR was seen in control subjects. In NA males with diabetes no effect of exercise was seen, while in females uACR 1 h after exercise was significantly higher than the early morning sample (3.55 mg/mmol (96% confidence interval 0.27–6.83). Both female and male diabetes subjects with MA have increase in uACR 1 h after exercise (87.8, −24.3–199.4 and 6.7, 2.1–11.3). For both males and females with OP, uACR was significantly increased 1 h post exercise (67.5, 22–113 and 21.6, 8.4–34.8, respectively). In all groups uACR at 2 h after exercise was not significantly different to the early morning sample.Conclusions:  Exercise increased uACR estimation in normoalbuminuric subjects with diabetes with a larger effect in females. Whether exercise unmasks early diabetic nephropathy in NA subjects requires further study.
Increases in renal replacement therapy in Australia and New Zealand: Understanding trends in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: GRACE BLAIR S , CLAYTON PHILIP , MCDONALD STEPHEN P 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAim:  The incidence of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been increasing worldwide, with increasing numbers of older people, people with diabetic nephropathy and indigenous people. We investigated the incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Australia and New Zealand (NZ) to better understand the causes of these effects.Methods:  Data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA)registry and relevant population data were used to investigate the incidence of RRT in five demographic groups: Indigenous and non‐indigenous Australians, Māori, Pacific Islanders and other New Zealanders, as well as differences between genders and age groups.Results:  The numbers of patients commencing RRT each year increased by 321% between 1990 and 2009. This increase was largely driven by increases in patients with diabetic nephropathy. In 2009 35% of new patients had ESKD resulting from diabetic nephropathy 92% of which were type 2. Indigenous Australians, and Māori and Pacific people of NZ have elevated risks of commencing RRT due to diabetic nephropathy, although the risks compared with non‐indigenous Australians have decreased over time. A small element of lead time bias also contributed to this increase. Males are more likely to commence RRT due to diabetes than females, except among Australian Aborigines, where females are more at risk. There is a marked increase in older, more comorbid patients.Conclusions:  Patterns of incident renal replacement therapy strongly reflect the prevalence of diabetes within these groups. In addition, other factors such as reduced risk of dying before reaching ESKD, and increased acceptance of older and sicker patients are also contributing to increases in incidence of RRT.
Differentiating profiles of speech impairments in Friedreich's ataxia: a perceptual and instrumental approach
Authors: Folker Joanne E. , Murdoch Bruce E. , Rosen Kristin M. , Cahill Louise M. , Delatycki Martin B. , Corben Louise A. , Vogel Adam P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground: The speech disorder associated with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is classically described as ataxic dysarthria. However, variable neuropathology beyond the cerebellum, which may include the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts, means that the dysarthria can be mixed rather than a pure ataxic dysarthria.Aims: To characterize physiological features of the dysarthria associated with FRDA and identify differential patterns of deviation that may occur across the subsystems of the speech‐production mechanism in a series of seven case studies.Methods & Procedures: The assessment battery included a perceptual analysis of a speech sample using an interval rating scale, and a range of instrumental measures to investigate the respiratory, laryngeal, velopharyngeal and articulatory systems.Outcomes & Results: The results demonstrated the variability that exists in the dysarthria associated with FRDA, highlighting the existence of differential profiles of speech impairment. A particular distinction was observed between the presence of hypernasality and phonatory dysfunction, as evidenced by the instrumental results.Conclusions & Implications: The distinct profiles of dysarthria associated with FRDA indicate that approaches that address multiple subsystems are necessary for the accurate characterization and quantification of the motor speech disorder. Further research is required to investigate the decline in speech function as the disease progresses, as changes in speech function over time may be a good indicator of neurological decline in FRDA.
Intrathecal infusion of bupivacaine and clonidine provides effective analgesia in a terminally ill child
Authors: Whyte Emma , Lauder Gillian 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe intrathecal infusion of drugs to provide analgesia for terminally ill children with refractory pain is a rarely utilized but very effective technique. A number of pharmacological agents, most commonly opioids and local anesthetics, have been administered intrathecally for this purpose. However, tachyphylaxis and neuraxial opioid‐related side effects can limit their utility. The alpha‐2 agonist clonidine is commonly used to augment local anesthetic techniques for postsurgical pain in children and for the management of refractory cancer pain in adults, but there is only a single report of the use of clonidine intrathecally in a terminally ill child. We present the case of the youngest reported child to have received intrathecal analgesia for terminal care: a 3‐year‐old boy with advanced pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma, whose refractory pain was managed effectively with an intrathecal infusion of bupivacaine and preservative‐free clonidine.
Evans blue as a selective dye marker for white‐light diagnosis of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: an in vitro study
Authors: Roelants Mieke , Huygens Ann , Crnolatac Ivo , Van Cleynenbreugel Ben , Lerut Evelyne , Van Poppel Hendrik , de Witte Peter A.M. 
Published: August 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?We found that Evans blue preferentially accumulate in spheroids prepared from urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) cells as compared to spheroids composed of normal human urothelial (NHU) cells. The present findings could be important for future developments in clinical diagnostics for early bladder cancer detection staging and grading involving white light cystocopy.OBJECTIVE
To develop a diagnostic method relying on the preferential accumulation of a dye in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) that is visible in conjunction with white‐light cystoscopy (WLC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We investigated in detail the permeation of Evans blue in urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) spheroids prepared from T24, J82 and RT‐112 human cell lines and spheroids composed of normal human urothelial (NHU) cells.
To gain more insight into the differential accumulation, all spheroids were investigated ultrastructurally using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
RESULTS
We found that, after exposure to Evans blue for 2 h, UCC spheroids accumulated dramatically more dye than spheroids composed of NHU cells.
Using TEM it was found that the malignant spheroids contain similar ultrastructural characteristics, i.e. a wide intercellular space and a decreased number of desmosome‐like cell attachments, to those from clinical samples of non‐papillary carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
CONCLUSION
We believe the present findings could be important for future developments in clinical diagnostics for early bladder cancer detection, staging and grading involving WLC.
The role of transperineal template prostate biopsies in restaging men with prostate cancer managed by active surveillance
Authors: Ayres Benjamin E. , Montgomery Bruce S.I. , Barber Neil J. , Pereira Nicola , Langley Stephen E.M. , Denham Philippa , Bott Simon R.J. 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort)Level of Evidence 3bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The optimal method of active surveillance in prostate cancer remains unknown. This study is one of the first to report on the role of transperineal template prostate biopsies in active surveillance. It demonstrates that around one third of men are reclassified with more significant prostate cancer at an early stage in their management. This is a higher proportion than reported in contemporary cancers using standard transrectal biopsies for restaging.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the role of transperineal template prostate biopsies in men on active surveillance.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In all, 101 men on active surveillance for prostate cancer underwent restaging transperineal template prostate biopsies at a single centre.
Criteria for active surveillance were ≤75 years, Gleason ≤3+3, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) ≤15 ng/mL, clinical stage T1–2a and ≤50% ultrasound‐guided transrectal biopsy cores positive for cancer with ≤10 mm of disease in a single core.
The number of men with an increase in disease volume or Gleason grade on transperineal template biopsy and the number of men who later underwent radical treatment were assessed.
The role of PSA and PSA kinetics were studied.
RESULTS
In all, 34% of men had more significant prostate cancer on restaging transperineal template biopsies compared with their transrectal biopsies.
Of these men, 44% had disease predominantly in the anterior part of the gland, an area often under‐sampled by transrectal biopsies.
In the group of men who had their restaging transperineal template biopsies within 6 months of commencing active surveillance 38% had more significant disease.
There was no correlation with PSA velocity or PSA doubling time.
In total, 33% of men stopped active surveillance and had radical treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Around one‐third of men had more significant prostate cancer on transperineal template biopsies.
This probably reflects under‐sampling by initial transrectal biopsies rather than disease progression.
Rethinking the relationship between nestedness and beta diversity: a comment on Baselga (2010)
Authors: Almeida‐Neto Mário , Frensel Daniella M. B. , Ulrich Werner 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTBaselga [Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19, 134–143, 2010] proposed pairwise (βnes) and multiple‐site (βNES) beta‐diversity measures to account for the nestedness component of beta diversity. We used empirical, randomly created and idealized matrices to show that both measures are only partially related to nestedness and do not fit certain fundamental requirements for consideration as true nestedness‐resultant dissimilarity measures. Both βnes and βNES are influenced by matrix size and fill, and increase or decrease even when nestedness remains constant. Additionally, we demonstrate that βNES can yield high values even for matrices with no nestedness. We conclude that βnes and βNES are not true measures of the nestedness‐resultant dissimilarity between sites. Actually, they quantify how differences in species richness that are not due to species replacement contribute to patterns of beta diversity. Finally, because nestedness is a special case of dissimilarity in species composition due to ordered species loss (or gain), the extent to which differences in species composition is due to nestedness can be measured through an index of nestedness.
The devil you know: parents seeking information online for paediatric cancer
Authors: Gage Elizabeth A. , Panagakis Christina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere is a growing interest in understanding the effect that online information‐seeking has on patients’ experiences, empowerment and interactions with healthcare providers. This mixed‐methods study combines surveys and in‐depth interviews with 41 parents of paediatric cancer patients in the USA to examine how parents think about, evaluate, access and use the internet to seek information related to their child’s cancer. We find that, during the acute crisis of a child being diagnosed with cancer, parents preferred to receive information related to their child’s diagnosis, prognosis and treatment options from a trusted healthcare provider rather than through the internet. We find that access to medically related cancer information through the internet was deemed to be untrustworthy and frightening. Parents’ reasons for avoiding online information‐seeking included fear of what they might find out, uncertainty about the accuracy of information online, being overloaded by the volume of information online and having been told not to go online by oncologists. Some parents also had logistical barriers to accessing the internet. While most parents did not turn to the internet as a source of health‐related information, many did use it to connect with sources of social support throughout their child’s illness.
Induction of autophagy with catalytic mTOR inhibitors reduces huntingtin aggregates in a neuronal cell model
Authors: Roscic Ana , Baldo Barbara , Crochemore Christophe , Marcellin David , Paganetti Paolo 
Published: August 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 398–407.AbstractHuntington’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. This expansion produces a mutant form of the huntingtin protein, which contains an elongated polyglutamine stretch at its amino‐terminus. Mutant huntingtin may adopt an aberrant, aggregation‐prone conformation predicted to start the pathogenic process leading to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Thus, strategies reducing mutant huntingtin may lead to disease‐modifying therapies. We investigated the mechanisms and molecular targets regulating huntingtin degradation in a neuronal cell model. We first found that mutant and wild‐type huntingtin displayed strikingly diverse turn‐over kinetics and sensitivity to proteasome inhibition. Then, we show that autophagy induction led to accelerate degradation of mutant huntingtin aggregates. In our neuronal cell model, allosteric inhibition of mTORC1 by everolimus, a rapamycin analogue, did not induce autophagy or affect aggregate degradation. In contrast, this occurred in the presence of catalytic inhibitors of both mTOR complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2. Our data demonstrate the existence of an mTOR‐dependent but everolimus‐independent mechanism regulating autophagy and huntingtin‐aggregate degradation in cells of neuronal origin.
Absence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus in blood donors in China
Authors: Mi Zhiqiang , Lu Ying , Zhang Shana , An Xiaoping , Wang Xiaona , Chen Bin , Wang Quanli , Tong Yigang 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND: Xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV) is a novel human gammaretrovirus that was first identified in patients with prostate cancer in 2006. Subsequent studies have shown that XMRV is also detected in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and even in some healthy controls and blood donors. However, some conflicting findings have been reported by different laboratories or in different regions. The association of XMRV with human diseases and the prevalence of XMRV in different populations needs to be further determined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: XMRV was screened in 391 blood samples from healthy blood donors in China. Nested reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify gag and env genes of XMRV from total RNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and plasma, respectively. Quantitative PCR was performed to detect XMRV env gene in genomic DNA of PBMNCs. To enhance the detection sensitivity, plasma was added into LNCaP cells to amplify XMRV in the plasma samples.RESULTS: No XMRV was found in the 391 blood donors in China or in the LNCaP cells inoculated with plasma from the blood donors.CONCLUSION: Both PCR and virus isolation in highly permissive LNCaP cells failed to detect XMRV in 391 Chinese blood donors, indicating that XMRV infection might not be present in blood donors in China.
Self‐reported Financial Conflicts of Interest During Scientific Presentations in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Birkhahn Robert H. , Fromm Christian , Larabee Todd , Diercks Deborah B. 
Published: August 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:977–980 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  This study was a review of the scientific abstracts presented at a national conference for the required conflict of interest (COI) disclosure both before the meeting and during presentation.Methods:  All presenters were given specific instructions regarding COI reporting at the time of abstract acceptance. All poster presentations were required to have a COI statement. Three physicians using standardized data abstraction forms reviewed abstracts accepted for poster presentation at the 2010 annual meeting of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM). Posters were reviewed for the presence of a required COI disclosure statement, and these results were compared to the mandatory continuing medical education (CME) disclosure form that was sent by the presenters to the SAEM central office before the meeting.Results:  There were 412 posters accepted for presentation at the 2010 SAEM annual meeting. The reviewers observed 382 (93%) of the total posters for the conference. Sixty‐nine abstracts (18%) reported a COI. Only 26 (38%) of these were actually reported to the SAEM office on the CME disclosure form before the meeting; the remaining 62% were found on the poster alone. COI that were reported on the CME disclosure form were found on the poster 46% of the time. The remaining posters without a COI actually displayed the mandatory disclosure statement only 14% of the time.Conclusions:  This review of presentations at a national meeting found a lack of compliance with printed guidelines for COI disclosure during scientific presentation. Efforts to increase uniformity and clarity may result in increased compliance.