bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Age on the Gingival Crevicular Fluid Composition During Experimental Gingivitis. A Pilot Study
Authors: Tsalikis Lazaros 
Published: March 2010

Background:Cytokines have been proposed as potentially useful diagnostic or prognostic markers of periodontal inflammation related alterations during the experimental gingivitis model. The role of ageing in periodontal disease needs further elucidation; therefore investigations of its influence on host response are needed.Objective:To study the effect of age on interleukins IL -6, IL-8 and TNF-a levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and their correlations to clinical parameters during experimental gingivitis.Materials and Methods: Five young subjects (20-22 years old) and five old subjects (61-65 years old), all periodontal healthy, participated in this clinical trial. A professional plaque control programme was undertaken to establish healthy gingival conditions at baseline. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) were recorded at 60 sites at baseline, after 21 days of no oral hygiene and one week later after professional cleaning and reestablishment of oral hygiene procedures. A total of 180 samples were analyzed with ELISA for levels of IL -6, IL-8 and TNF-a in gingival crevicular fluid. The examination included the mesiobuccal sites of the Ramfjord teeth. Comparisons between and within groups were performed by non-parametric tests (Mann- Withney) and correlations were sought for with Wilcoxon test. Significance was set at p=0.05.Results:Results showed significant diferences between the two groups with regard to the plaque and bleeding scores and GCF volume, all of which proved to be more pronounced in old group. With respect to laboratory data, mean cytokine concentrations were in general lower in young group. TNF-a had a steady increase for the adults, which was found to be statistically significant between Days 0 and 21, IL-8 showed a statistically significant decrease at Day 28 in the young group and finally IL-6 showed a fluctuation, which was totally adverse for the two groups at each time point.Conclusion:Within the limitations of the present study, age cannot be identified as a factor that strongly affects the cytokine expression and fluctuations even in a well-controlled environment of inflammation, such as experimental gingivitis.
Ideas, Institutions, and Welfare Program Typologies: An Analysis of Pensions and Old Age Income Protection Policies in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Kpessa Michael W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSince the 1980s, social policy research shifted attention from institutional development of welfare programs to what were described as crises of the welfare state in an era of austerity. Much of the scholarly debate in this area had focused on the maturation of welfare programs, especially the post‐war old age income support programs in the advanced industrialized countries to the neglect of social protection in Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries. This paper is intended to bring the dynamics of social policy in SSA countries into the comparative welfare dialogue and into the global social security debate in particular. Using a historical institutionalist approach, this study analyzes the trajectories of old age income support development in SSA countries through a careful study of old age income security or protection strategies in the region across time and space. The paper develops ideal typologies for understandings variations and transformations of pensions and old age income provision programs in the region. In doing this, it argues that the ideas and institutions around which recent rounds of pension reforms revolves have always been at both the foreground and background of old age income protection thinking and practices in SSA countries since the pre‐colonial era.
Devolution as a Policy Crucible: The Case of Universal Free School Meals
Authors: Morelli Carlo J , Seaman Paul T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe election of the Scottish government, in May 2007, raised expectations that devolution may at last give rise to a sea change in the development of welfare policy. Certainly, in the areas of education and health the newly elected Scottish National Party (SNP) Scottish government, despite its minority control of the parliament, lost no time in announcing significant changes to previous policies in the areas of hospital closures and primary school class sizes. The proposals to introduce universal free school meals in all primary schools for school children in years one to three from 2010, following a pilot in selected local authorities, was one of these changes. This policy shift is of significance for three reasons. First, the previous executive had explicitly rejected proposals for universal free school meals on two previous occasions. Second, it represented a movement towards universality and away from the strategy of targeting and means‐testing welfare adhered to by both the Westminster UK government and the previous Scottish Executive. As such, therefore, the introduction of universal free school meals marks a significant victory for the campaigning groups behind the move. Finally, and perhaps of still greater significance, the introduction of a pilot scheme for universal provision in England, announced by the Westminster government in September 2008, further highlights one other goal of devolution: that of a potential for policy experimentation and divergence. Universal free school provision may be the first example of devolution providing a crucible for welfare policy for the wider United Kingdom. This paper assesses the extent to which an extension of the entitlement to free school meals is likely to improve the access of free school meals to children from the poorest of households and the extent to which changes in free school meal provision leads to a regionally specific impact on child poverty due to variations of household composition within the English regions and Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. In doing so we suggest that evidence for the advantages of universal provision provides a positive example of devolution's potential for acting as a welfare policy crucible.
What Can Be Done about Homelessness and Society's Nimby Attitude?—America Needs a Way to Eliminate the Stigma of Public Housing
Authors: Redd Victoria A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAmerica needs a way to eliminate the stigma of public housing. Lawrence Vale suggests some solutions for America's public housing woes in From the Puritans to the Projects: Public Housing and Public Neighbors. If we provide the public housing, what select few of the poor will be allowed to live there? What types of dwellings will be provided as public housing for the poor? And, will this public housing for the poor be near my neighborhood? More importantly, Vale explains what he believes that housing policymakers need to do to improve on the public housing system. The need of housing is downplayed, and instead, there is a focus on what the purpose behind public housing should be. (Congress intervened and called for public housing authorities “to attract a greater mix of incomes.”) Vale's view of the public housing system is enlightening, realistic, and thought‐provoking.
Qualitative Research Ethics: Enhancing Evidence-Based Practice in Physical Therapy
Authors: Townsend Anne , Cox Susan M. , Li Linda C. 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundIncreasing challenges to health care systems and the prominence of patient-centered care and evidence-based practice have fostered the application of qualitative approaches in health care settings, prompting discussions of associated ethical issues in a range of disciplines.ObjectivesThe purposes of this work were to identify and describe the application and value of qualitative health research for physical therapy and to identify ethical considerations in a qualitative research study.DesignThis was a qualitative interview study with telephone follow-ups.MethodsForty-six participants were interviewed about their early experiences with rheumatoid arthritis. They also were asked what motivated them to volunteer for the study. To inform the discussion of ethics in qualitative health research, this study drew on the in-depth interviews, took a descriptive approach to the data, and applied the traditional ethical principles of autonomy, justice, and beneficence to the study process.ResultsEthical issues emerged in this qualitative health research study that were both similar to and different from those that exist in a positivist paradigm (eg, clinical research). With flexibility and latitude, the traditional principle approach can be applied usefully to qualitative health research.ConclusionsThese findings build on previous research and discussion in physical therapy and other disciplines that urge a flexible approach to qualitative research ethics and recognize that ethics are embedded in an unfolding research process involving the role of the subjective researcher and an active participant. We suggest reflexivity as a way to recognize ethical moments throughout qualitative research and to help build methodological and ethical rigor in research relevant to physical therapist practice.
Effect of Intensive Outpatient Physical Training on Gait Performance and Cardiovascular Health in People With Hemiparesis After Stroke
Authors: Jørgensen Jørgen Roed , Bech-Pedersen Daniel Thue , Zeeman Peter , Sørensen Janne , Andersen Lars L. , Schönberger Michael 
Published: March 2010

Background
Stroke can result in severe motor deficits, and many people who have survived a stroke have poor cardiovascular fitness, with potentially disabling effects on daily life.

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of intensive physical training on gait performance and cardiovascular health parameters in people with stroke in the chronic stage.

Design
This was a single-group, pretest-posttest experimental study.

Methods
Fourteen people with hemiparesis after cerebrovascular injury (mean age=58.4 years, mean time since injury=25 months) participated in a 12-week training intervention, 5 times per week for 1.5 hours per session. The intervention consisted of high-intensity, body-weight–supported treadmill training; progressive resistance strength training; and aerobic exercise. The main outcome measures were gait performance (Six-Minute Walk Test, 10-Meter Walk Test, and aerobic capacity) and parameters of cardiovascular health (systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index, and resting heart rate).

Results
Significant improvements in all main outcome parameters were observed in response to the intervention. Gait speed during the Six-Minute Walk Test increased 62%, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased 10% and 11%, respectively. Weekly testing of walking speed showed that most of the increase in the walking speed occurred in the first 8 weeks of training. Correlation analyses showed that improvements were unrelated to age, chronicity, or level of functioning.

Conclusions
High-intensity physical training for people with stroke in the chronic stage increased walking speed regardless of chronicity, age, or level of functioning. Further studies should investigate the intervention duration needed to reach the full potential of gait recovery.
A Simple Clinical Scale to Stratify Risk of Recurrent Falls in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 65 Years and Older
Authors: Buatois Severine , Perret-Guillaume Christine , Gueguen Rene , Miget Patrick , Vançon Guy , Perrin Philippe , Benetos Athanase 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundCorrect identification of people at risk for recurrent falls facilitates the establishment of preventive and rehabilitative strategies in older adults.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to develop and validate a simple clinical scale to stratify risk for recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly people based on easily obtained social and clinical items and (2) to evaluate the added value of 3 clinical balance tests in predicting this risk.DesignThis was a prospective measurement study.MethodsA population of 1,618 community-dwelling people over 65 years of age underwent a health checkup, including performance of 3 clinical balance tests: the One-Leg-Balance Test, the Timed “Up & Go” Test, and the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test. Falls were recorded using a self-administered questionnaire that was completed a mean (SD) of 25±5 months after the visit. Participants were randomly divided into either group A (n=999), which was used to develop the scale, or group B (n=619), which was used to prospectively validate the scale.ResultsLogistic regression analysis identified 4 variables that independently predicted recurrent falls in group A: history of falls, living alone, taking ≥4 medications per day, and female sex. Thereafter, 3 risk categories of recurrent falls (low, moderate, and high) were determined. Predicted probability of recurrent falls increased from 4.1% to 30.1% between the first and third categories. This scale subsequently was validated with great accuracy in group B. Only the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test provided added value in the estimation of risk for recurrent falls, especially for the participants who were at moderate risk, in whom failure on the test (duration of &gt;15 seconds) doubled the risk.LimitationsFalls were assessed only once, and length of follow-up was heterogeneous (18–36 months).ConclusionsClinicians could easily classify older patients in low-, moderate-, or high-risk groups of recurrent falls by using 4 easy-to-obtain items. The Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test provides added value to stratify risk for falls in people at moderate risk.
La richesse lexicale dans la production orale de l'apprenant avancé de français
Authors: Lindqvist Christina 
Published: March 2010

Résumé La présente étude vise à comparer la richesse lexicale de la production orale des apprenants locuteurs natifs de suédois en français langue seconde à l'aide de la méthode Lexical frequency profile et du programme Vocabprofile, élaborés par Laufer et Nation (1995) pour l'anglais écrit. La version française de Vocabprofile a été adaptée pour l'écrit, tandis que la présente étude s'adresse aux données orales. L'analyse se concentre principalement sur l'emploi de mots rares, qui sont censés indiquer un vocabulaire évolué. La comparaison de deux groupes d'apprenants locuteurs natifs de suédois de niveau avancé en français et d'un groupe de locuteurs natifs francophones montre que la proportion de mots rares est en corrélation avec le niveau de compétence. De plus, le groupe le plus avancé présente un profil lexical similaire à celui des locuteurs natifs. Toutefois, l'emploi d'une base de données écrites pour l'examen de la langue parlée ne semble pas entièrement satisfaisant en raison des différences observées dans la fréquence de certains mots à l'oral et à l'écrit.
LASIK for Myopic Astigmatism and Presbyopia Using Non-Linear Aspheric Micro-Monovision with the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL 80 Platform
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine 
Published: March 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate the monocular and binocular visual outcomes of LASIK with a non-linear aspheric micro-monovision protocol for the correction of myopic astigmatism and presbyopia.

Methods:
A retrospective, noncomparative case series included 310 eyes of 155 consecutive patients with myopic astigmatism and presbyopia who were treated with LASIK-induced micro-monovision. The Carl Zeiss Meditec CRS-Master software and MEL 80 excimer laser were used. The target refraction was plano for distance eyes (dominant eye) and between −0.75 and −2.00 diopters (D) for near eyes. Patients were followed for 1 year. Mean attempted spherical equivalent refraction (SE) correction was −3.59±1.79 D (range: −0.20 to −8.31 D). Mean attempted cylinder correction was 0.84±0.63 D (range: 0 to 2.50 D). Median patient age was 49 years (range: 43 to 63 years). Median follow-up was 12.5 months.

Results:
Outcome measures after all treatments were as follows. Achieved SE correction was within ±0.50 D in 92% and within ±1.00 D in 99% of eyes. Monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 in 99% and 20/32 in 100% of distance eyes. Binocular uncorrected near visual acuity was J2 in 96% and J5 in 100% of patients. Binocular uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 and J5 in 99% of patients. No eyes lost 2 or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity. There was no change in mesopic contrast sensitivity (CSV-1000) at all spatial frequencies. The average change in refraction between 3 months and 1 year was −0.06±0.31 D.

Conclusions:
This non-linear aspheric myopic micro-monovision protocol was well-tolerated, stable, and effective for treating patients with presbyopia in moderate to high myopic astigmatism.
miRBase: microRNA Sequences and Annotation
Authors: Griffiths‐Jones Sam 
Published: March 2010

AbstractmiRBase is the central repository for microRNA (miRNA) sequence information. miRBase has a role in defining the nomenclature for miRNA genes and assigning names to novel miRNAs for publication in peer‐reviewed journals. The online miRBase database is a resource containing all published miRNA sequences, together with textual annotation and links to the primary literature and to other secondary databases. The database provides a variety of methods to query the data, by specific searches of sequences and associated text and literature. All miRBase data are also available for download from the miRBase FTP site. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 29:12.9.1‐12.9.10. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Individualism, collectivism, and Chinese adolescents' aggression: intracultural variations
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Mo , Wang Cixin , Shi Junqi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study examined the relations between cultural values (i.e., individualism and collectivism) and aggression among 460 (234 girls) Chinese adolescents. Conflict level and social status insecurity were examined as potential explaining mechanisms for these relations. The results showed that adolescents' endorsement of collectivism was negatively related to their use of overt and relational aggression as reported by teachers and peers, whereas positive associations were found between the endorsement of individualism and adolescent aggression. Adolescents' conflict level and social status insecurity accounted for a significant part of these associations. Findings of this study demonstrate the importance of examining intracultural variations of cultural values in relation to adolescent aggression as well as the process variables in explaining the relations. Aggr. Behav. 36:187–194, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diving into the Depth‐Scape: Exuberance and Personalities
Authors: Reisner Yael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExuberance is about more than appearance. Yael Reisner argues that it engenders an emotional response. It provides a whole ‘depth‐scape’ of expression by offering extensive qualities that go beyond the merely practical or the required. Exuberance proffers a full emotional range from the horrific to the sublime, which requires complexity but also the presence of creative personalities who lend personal interpretation to the design process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baroque Exuberance: Frivolity or Disquiet
Authors: Harbison Robert 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRobert Harbison defines the Baroque in the 17th and early 18th centuries, which is so often characterised in contrast with the Renaissance by its excess and drama. In doing so, he challenges the reader to consider whether this artful style of subversion, tension, movement, gravity‐defying feats and freedom was really one of whimsical frivolity or subversive disquiet. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The New Delfina
Authors: Cook Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPeter Cook eulogises the exuberant: he urges us to recognise its potential for release, as a true opportunity to let go creatively – and, in fact, to let it all ‘rush out in a torrent’. In tandem, he redraws the Sheraton Delfina in Santa Monica from his hotel window, as an exuberant pile or liveable conglomeration of grotto‐like spaces. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OrnaMental POrnamentation: The Abstract and the Exuberant Body of Ornamentation
Authors: Colletti Marjan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the last few years, the introduction of new digital software has enabled the exuberant articulation of ornate surfaces and volumes. Marjan Colletti looks beyond technical innovation and observes a two‐fold conceptual tendency that he labels the ‘ornaMental’ and the ‘pOrnamentation’, differentiating between the first's inclination to create form through abstraction and the latter's potential for the figural through sensation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relying on Interdependencies: Snøhetta in the Middle East
Authors: Thorsen Kjetil Trædal , Greenwood Robert 
Published: March 2010

AbstractKjetil Trædal Thorsen and Robert Greenwood of Snøhetta describe how opportunities to build multicultural programmed buildings in the Middle East have opened up the possibilities of developing a new iconography for a new building type, embedded in the emotional translation of a rich iconographic and decorative tradition; an ongoing dialogue with the clients and users; and a Middle Eastern preference to define the present by looking to the future. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphosis Architects' Cooper Union Academic Building, New York
Authors: Merkel Jayne 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThom Mayne and his colleagues have packed a lot of architecture and a number of very practical spaces into one small city block in the firm's first major New York building. Jayne Merkel describes the dramatic skylighted central staircase that sweeps through the new academic building for the prestigious Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, surrounded by efficient classroom, office and studio space with exciting views of the city all around. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergence and the Forms of Metabolism
Authors: Weinstock Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEarlier this year, Michael Weinstock published a seminal book, The Architecture of Emergence: The Evolution of Form in Nature and Civilisation, which challenges established cultural and architectural histories. The conventional worldview is expanded by placing human development alongside ecological development: the history of cultural evolution and the production of cities are set in the context of processes and forms of the natural world. As well as providing a far‐reaching thesis, Weinstock's book gives lucid and accessible explanations of the complex systems of the physical world. In this abridged extract from Chapter 5, Weinstock explains the dynamics of individual and collective metabolisms from which intelligence and social and spatial orders emerge. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic Plots and Spatial Blooms
Authors: Spiller Neil 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStifled by ‘architect's block’? Reached an insurmountable creative impasse? Neil Spiller directs us back to that old stalwart the drawing; and in so doing introduces the inspiring output of Perry Kulper, ‘the Michigan Magus’, which ‘provokes the mind into tangents, to ambitions and delightful juxtapositions not only of forms but also of ideas’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.