bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GROWTH RESPONSE AND MUSCLE LIPID QUALITY OF INDIAN WHITE SHRIMP FED DIFFERENT OILS AT TWO DIETARY LIPID LEVELS
Authors: OURAJI H. , ABEDIAN KENARI A.M. , SHABANPOUR B. , SHABANI A. , NEZAMI S.A. , SODAGAR M. , JANI KHALILI K. , FAGHANI S. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of partial fish oil replacement with vegetable oils at two levels of dietary lipid on growth performance and muscle lipid quality of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Final weight of shrimp fed control diet (100% fish oil) was higher than that of shrimp fed the other diets. Partial replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils resulted in reduced levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in shrimp muscle tissue. Increasing the dietary lipid level had an effect on lipid content of shrimp, by increasing lipid deposition in muscle tissue, but without a significant effect on growth. Concentrations of cholesterol in shrimp muscle were not significantly affected by dietary lipid source and level (P > 0.05). Shrimp fed diets with 14% lipid had significantly higher concentration of malonaldehyde (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in muscle tissue than shrimp fed diets with 9.5% lipid. Vitamin E concentration in muscle of shrimp fed 100% fish oil was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary lipid level.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe high market value of and great demand for penaeid shrimp in the world market provide a strong stimulus for its intensive culture. The Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus (Milen Edwards) was the most important shrimp species cultivated in Iran (due to market demand, high market value and local shrimp). It is a species with relatively slow growth potential compared to Penaeus monodon and its production is relatively low in intensive farms. It is mainly reared with commercial feed. Fish oil is an important ingredient used in commercial marine fish and shrimp feeds. The demand for fish oils in the aquafeed industry has increased steadily despite the static global production levels and may not be able to cater to the demand in the near future. Therefore, finding alternative to fish oils is one of the critical research areas in marine fish and shrimp nutrition.
DESCRIPTION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF SWEET CHERRIES CULTURED IN SPAIN
Authors: PÉREZ‐SÁNCHEZ RODRIGO , GÓMEZ‐SÁNCHEZ MARÍA ÁNGELES , MORALES‐CORTS MARÍA REMEDIOS 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Several physical, chemical and color characteristics of 20 sweet cherry cultivars cultured in Spain were investigated during a 3‐year (2004–06) period. A total of 26 descriptors, mainly defined by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute and the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants were used to describe and compare the fruit quality of the main Spanish sweet cherry cultivars for fresh consumption and for industrial use. Some of the studied cultivars showed distinctive and interesting agronomical characters from a commercial point of view such as low susceptibility to fruit cracking and high soluble solids and total polyphenols levels. This was the case with the late cultivar widely distributed through the Jerte river valley called “Pico Negro.” Its fruits were quite sweet (20.28°Brix), resistant to cracking (9.44%) and rich in polyphenols (1.60 g of gallic acid per 100 g dry weight). “Burlat” and “4–70” were the improved cultivars that recorded the highest levels for weight of 100 fruits parameter (828.61 and 825.22 g, respectively) and the local cultivar “Corazón Serrano” showed the largest fruits (8.56 cm
3
). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThere have been no previous detailed studies describing and comparing the fruit quality characteristics of a wide number of sweet cherry cultivars. Studies including physical and chemical properties of sweet cherry fruits are very important for the engineers in the designing of equipment for harvesting and post‐harvest technology. This research shows the description and evaluation of the fruits of 20 sweet cherry cultivars in terms of physical, chemical and color properties.
Conservative Endodontic Treatment Of A Large Periapical Lesion
Authors: Maiolo Katina 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA 60‐year‐old female presented with a large periapical radiolucency associated with a previously root filled 1.3 and suspected involvement of the 1.2. Endodontic treatment of 1.2 had been commenced by the referring dentist. Following a differential diagnosis, conservative endodontic treatment was instituted. A post was removed from 1.3 and long term calcium hydroxide intracanal dressings placed in both teeth. The lesion showed good repair over a period of 12 months.This case report supports the view that the treatment of choice for periapical lesions associated with failed conventional endodontic treatment is orthograde re‐treatment with regular follow‐up to confirm bony healing.
From Pathogenesis To Prognosis: The Microbiology Of Endodontic Infection
Authors: Figdor David 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBacteria are crucial for the development of apical periodontitis. The microorganisms within the root canal are predominantly composed of slow‐growing anaerobes. Clinical signs and symptoms of infection such as pain, swelling or exudation are caused by specific bacteria that are capable of interfering with the host defense. A primary goal of endodontic treatment is the elimination of infection from the root canal system. Predictable management depends on an aseptic technique, biomechanical cleaning with antimicrobial irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite solution in conjunction with EDTA solution and antibacterial dressing with calcium hydroxide. The prognosis of treatment depends on many factors including the preoperative status of the periapical tissues, the level of the root filling in relation to the apex and, importantly, the presence of infection at the time of root filling. Failures are usually associated with errors in clinical technique. However, even when treatment is performed to a high standard, failures may occur due to intraradicular or extraradicular infection, cysts or a foreign body reaction.
A TOTAL HEALTH APPROACH TO SMOKING CESSATION
Authors: Heath E. A. , Radford A. J. , Harris U.J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCessation rates of over 83 per cent in females and over 58 per cent in males were achieved when 374 motivated adults were assessed twelve months after participating in an antismoking education programme. This consisted of a total health and lifestyle modification approach in a mutually supportive environment. Group and counselling techniques were used with training in social, communication and problem‐solving skills related to factors identified as barriers to cessation. The level of success is attributed to the comprehensive approach, the tailoring of the programme to meet individual needs, appropriate leadership, the use of modern educational technology in behaviour modification and the facilitation of group and individual support mechanisms through reinforcement.
COMMUNITY SURVEY OF MEDICINES STORED IN THE HOME
Authors: Straton Judith A.Y. , Rimmer Mara H. , Cheng Wendy S.C. , Armstrong Bruce K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA survey of the medicines stored in 102 randomly selected households revealed a total of 1,181 medicines, with a range of 0–67 medicines per household. The number of medicines per household was positively correlated with household size, and households with children tended to have more medicines than childless households. The most commonly occurring medicines were skin preparations and analgesics. The median storage time was 3–6 months, and only 40 percent of the medicines were said to be in current use. Twenty‐seven percent of the medicines found were available on prescription only, and these medicines had been stored for less time and were more likely to be in current use than other medicines. The kitchen was the most popular place for storage of medicines (42 percent) followed by the bathroom (36 percent); only 5 percent of all medicines were kept in a locked cupboard. Issues raised by these findings include the need for safe storage and safe disposal of medicines, the question of adherence to prescription instructions, and the appropriateness of the use of both prescribed and non‐prescribed medicines.
SUBJECTIVE GOOD HEALTH AND BIOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENTS IN FEMALE SUBJECTS
Authors: Webster Ian W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractImpairments of function may be caused by ageing or pathological processes and in some individuals there may be a discrepancy between chronological and biological age. In screened female subjects, health status was defined by number of characteristics: absence of self‐reported medical illnesses, nonsmoking, normal chest radiography, electrocardiography and urine tests, plus subjective perception of good health. These indicators of health status were compared with differences in age‐dependent biological variables. An assessment was also made of the effect that a person's age or subjective health status had on the variance of these variables.Subjective good health was shown to be associated with less age‐dependent biological change. Additionally, plasma triglyceride concentration was found to be more indicative of people's perception of their own health than the other variables. Such observations have relevance to the yield of abnormal results from health screening programs, and suggest that subjects for screening could be selected by their reported health experience and well‐being.
RESEARCH AND TEACHING IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Willis Evan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe bulk of work in medical sociology … has focused a microscope onto the trivia of medical life and has tried to convince itself that what it finds there is something important. But such work has made little attempt to relate its findings to the rest of the sociological enterprise. In a word it has been medicocentric gaining its philosophies and values and sometimes even its method from the system it purports to studv.
THE AGENT ORANGE CONTROVERSY IN AUSTRALIA: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEBATE*
Authors: Hall Wayne , MacPhee Donald 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the claims made by the Vietnam Veterans' Association of Australia that the health of Vietnam veterans has been adversely affected by exposure to the herbicide Agent Orange and other pesticides while serving in Vietnam. Three claims are dealt with in detail: those concerning the effects of exposure to pesticides on the rates of birth defects among the children of Vietnam veterans and of psychiatric disorders and premature death among themselves. Epidemiological evidence on the rate at which these adverse outcomes occur among Vietnam veterans is reviewed, as is evidence on the effects of occupational pesticide exposure on reproductive outcomes, mental health and premature death. The review indicates that there is little evidence to sustain any of the claims and much evidence against them. An analysis of the reasons for the persistence of the controversy in the face of negative evidence suggests that there has been an unfortunate confusion of two questions: are Vietnam veterans owed justice for the injustices they have suffered in the past? is their present suffering a consequence of their chemical exposure in Vietnam? The community owes it to Vietnam veterans and their families to distinguish the two questions to ensure that an affirmative answer to the first question does not depend upon an affirmative answer to the second.
BEHAVIOURALLY‐BASED PRINCIPLES AS GUIDELINES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
Authors: Lee Christina , Owen Neville 
Published: August 2010

AbstractProgrammes to promote health, which appear with increasing frequency, should be based on sound principles. This paper deals with an approach to health promotion based on behavioural theories to explain the change and maintenance of habitual patterns of activity. It derives from work to determine programme guidelines and policy recommendations in the promotion of exercising, and is presented so as to have more general application to health‐related behaviours. It describes some relevant theoretical approaches to behaviour change and maintenance, and outlines a set of principles which may be used as guidelines. This involves an account of stages of behaviour change, operant conditioning and associative learning theories, cognitive‐behavioural and self‐management theories, and social learning theory, and suggests judicious integration of these theories and the use of attitudinal theories. Eleven principles derived from these theories and from research on health behaviour change are described. These perspectives may be useful in work to influence the health‐related behaviours of individuals, and as suggestions for the modification of some environmental and social factors which constrain individuals' capacities to choose health promoting actions.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES: A PILOT EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Cronan Alan W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper examines a three month education programme on sexually transmitted diseases (STD); it was the first programme related to sexual matters officially used in Queensland State high schools. Funded by the State Health Department (Division of Health Promotion), the programme involved both salaried medical officers and private practitioners and reached over 3,500 students. Objectives were to increase the awareness levels of STD, to encourage early medical intervention and to establish a STD telephone enquiry service. Prior to the programme, knowledge of STD was very low, with 86.5 per cent of respondents unable to answer a total of 15 simple questions correctly. This improved after the sessions when 39.6 per cent of students failed to answer the same 15 questions correctly. During the programme, a total of 117 people sought medical intervention and 699 telephone enquiries were registered.
WHAT PATIENTS KNOW ABOUT THEIR ASTHMA
Authors: Dunt David R. , Rubinfeld Abe R. , Feren Phillip , McClure Bruce G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractKnowledge about asthma and its management was assessed by questionnaire in adult outpatients of a teaching hospital and in attenders of a community asthma information program. The hospital outpatients were older, less well educated and suffered more severe, chronic asthma than the program attenders. Nevertheless the groups did not substantially differ in their knowledge about asthma. The subgroup of hospital outpatients with prior exposure to asthma educational material and with multiple past hospital admissions had significantly higher overall asthma knowledge scores.Both groups had poor knowledge about the treatment of asthma emergencies. Other gaps in knowledge related to asthma triggers (particularly aspirin and food additives), the utility of allergy tests and swimming and room vaporisers in the control of asthma.The identification of both gaps in asthma knowledge and of the subgroups of patients with poor overall knowledge is important if patient education by clinicians or health educators is to be successful. Gaps in knowledge of crisis management common to both groups studied are particularly disturbing given that asthma is a common disease with significant preventable mortality and morbidity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM: HOW MUCH DO WE KNOW?
Authors: Graham Neil M. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThere is growing evidence that social and environmental stressors increase susceptibility to a range of diseases, including common causes of both morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, stress is only rarely seriously considered to be a significant risk factor for disease in the public health arena. As a result, attempts at developing rational community‐based strategies and policies to deal with stress have been isolated or uncoordinated. There appears to be a number of reasons for this situation. Firstly, the strength, validity and reliability of the data relating stress to many disease outcomes has been highly variable. This has mainly been due to a number of methodological difficulties inherent in this type of research. Secondly, stress management programs often focus on altering the individual response to stress, rather than focusing on changing the social environment to either reduce stressor load or improve the range of coping resources available in the community. Thus, this type of activity is often seen as falling within the realm of ‘curative’ primary health care rather than as a matter for public health policy. Thirdly, since stress is often considered to be synonymous with ‘major life events’ the view is often held that because these events are largely unpreventable very little can be done at a public health level. This paper considers these issues and reviews the current definitions of stress, theories of disease causation, major methodological issues in research, evidence relating stress to a range of disease outcomes and the scope for intervention at a community rather than an individual level.
THE INCIDENCE OF HYSTERECTOMY AND ITS EFFECT ON THE PROBABILITY OF DEVELOPING UTERINE CANCERS
Authors: Dickinson J. A. , Hill A. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPublished hysterectomy rates from several Australian States range between 376 and 489 per 105 women — values that lie between the lower European rates and the higher North American rates. We used a life‐table method to calculate that for a woman aged 65 years exposed lifelong to current rates in New South Wales, the probability of having had a hysterectomy would be 25 per cent, and for an 85 year old, 29 per cent. One consequence of this finding is that the rates of acquiring cervical and uterine cancer are not reflected accurately in disease incidence rates based on all women as the denominator: our calculations show that the actual rates applying to a woman with her uterus in‐situ could be much higher in older age groups than apparent from crude rates. This is important to understand trends in female genital cancer, and to ensure appropriate screening and prevention strategies are developed.
REGULATING THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOSPITALS OR VICE VERSA: THE COURTS AND PRIVATE HOSPITAL PLANNING IN VICTORIA
Authors: Duckett Stephen. J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the legal framework for regulating the development of new private hospitals in Victoria. It first reviews the genesis of the statutory power for private hospital regulation and outlines the two court cases which clarified the interpretation of the statute.The legislation and its interpretation by the courts emphasise a particular approach to private hospital planning which does not necessarily address the problems faced by consumers of hospital services in Victoria. It is argued that the law has constructed a particular framework for private hospital regulation which does not address the critical problems facing the hospital system in the 1990s. The legal framework for regulation is based on property rights rather than the needs of hospital users, despite the language used in the legislation.
SCREENING ALCOHOL & DRUG USE IN A GENERAL PRACTICE UNIT: COMPARISON OF COMPUTERISED AND TRADITIONAL METHODS
Authors: Bungey Jillian B. , Pols Rene G. , Mortimer Karl P. , Frank Oliver R. , Skinner Harvey A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSystematic screening of patients for areas of health risk in their lifestyle has much potential for primary health care clinicians as a cost‐effective and time saving means to identify ‘at risk’ individuals. In the area of alcohol and drug problems, such early identification increases the likelihood of successful intervention. The present study, conducted at a general practice unit, compared the use of a computer to screen for alcohol and drug use with the two more traditional assessment methods of face‐to‐face interview and paper and pencil questionnaire. It was found that levels of reported consumption were similar across assessment methods. Although the interview method was strongly preferred overall, patients' preference for the computer increased significantly after use. The computer was also found to be more acceptable to patients reporting non‐medical drug use, a potentially threatening and sensitive issue. There was a low refusal rate and most patients were willing to allow their doctor to see the assessment results. This indicates that screening for alcohol and drug use is acceptable to general practice patients, and that the computer can play a useful role as a prevention aid.
FACTORS ENHANCING AND INHIBITING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE IN COMMUITY HEALTH CENTRES
Authors: Lennie I.G. , Copeman R.C. , Sangster A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study examined factors inhibiting and enhancing the development of primary medical care within community health centres. Nine centres with medical services, representing a range of financial administrative arrangements and a spread of locations, were selected for investigation. A modified version of the Community Health Accreditation and Standards Project (CHASP) review process was developed to look at areas of health service functioning. Effective internal management and a shared ethos were the strongest predictors of favourable outcomes overall. Salaried, as opposed to fee‐for‐service, financial arrangements led to better outcomes in most function areas, although salaried arrangements in themselves were not sufficient to produce good outcomes. All centres that performed well had community management structures, but the presence of such structures did not always guarantee good outcomes. The educational background and experience of the doctors had no effect. The study confirmed that primary medical care within community health centres represents a viable, alternative model of general practice in Australia and identified some factors that could strengthen it further.
PURPOSELY SELF‐INFLICTED INJURY RESULTING IN DEATH AND HOSPITALISATION IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Langley John D. , Johnston Sharyn E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposely self‐inflicted injury is the second most common cause of injury death in New Zealand and is also a major cause of hospitalisation. Despite the significance of the problem there has been relatively little research undertaken in New Zealand. Injury mortality and morbidity data files for 1984 were examined and upgraded to provide as comprehensive an overview of this injury problem as the data would permit. The results show that the fatality rate was highest amongst the elderly, and males had higher death rates than females for all ages. In contrast to this, hospitalisation rates peaked among the 15–20 year olds and females had higher rates than males for all ages. Whereas Maori had a significantly lower fatality rate than non‐Maori the converse was the case for hospitalisation. A more consistent effect occurred for marital status, the married group had significantly lower fatality and hospitalisation rates than the non‐married group. The major occupational group “production, transport and labourers” had the highest mortality rate, whereas service workers, in particular house staff, had the highest rate of morbidity. Whereas hanging was the most common method (33%) used in fatal injury events, poisoning was the most common method (91%) used for those events which resulted in hospitalisation. In the latter case, psychotropic agents, in particular tranquillisers, accounted for 50 per cent of all poisoning. These data show that mortality experience is not a reliable guide to injury morbidity experience. Prevention is discussed in the context of limiting the availability and lethality of agents.