bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Alcohol Effects on Contextual Memory BOLD Response: Differences Based on Fragmentary Blackout History
Authors: Wetherill Reagan R. , Schnyer David M. , Fromme Kim 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundContextual memory, or memory for source details, is an important aspect of episodic memory and has been implicated in alcohol‐induced fragmentary blackouts (FBs). Little is known, however, about how neural functioning during contextual memory processes may differ between individuals with and without a history of FB. This study examined whether neural activation during a contextual memory task differed by history of FB and acute alcohol consumption.MethodsTwenty‐four matched individuals with (FB+; n = 12) and without (FB−; n = 12) a history of FBs were recruited from a longitudinal study of alcohol use and behavioral risks and completed a laboratory beverage challenge followed by 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions under no alcohol and alcohol (breath alcohol concentration = 0.08%) conditions. Task performance and brain hemodynamic activity during a block design contextual memory task were examined across 48 fMRI sessions.ResultsGroups demonstrated no differences in performance on the contextual memory task, yet exhibited different brain response patterns after alcohol intoxication. A significant FB group by beverage interaction emerged in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex with FB− individuals showing greater blood oxygenation level‐dependent response after alcohol exposure (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAlcohol had differential effects on neural activity for FB+ and FB− individuals during recollection of contextual information, perhaps suggesting a neurobiological mechanism associated with alcohol‐induced FB.
Human herpesvirus 8 transfusion transmission in Ghana, an endemic region of West Africa
Authors: Gobbini Francesca , Owusu‐Ofori Shirley , Marcelin Anne‐Geneviève , Candotti Daniel , Allain Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) seroprevalence ranges between less than 5% in Europe and North America and 50% to 70% in sub‐Saharan Africa. Evidence of HHV‐8 transfusion transmission is only indirect. We conducted a serologic (anti‐HHV‐8) and molecular (HHV‐8 DNA) study of samples from paired donor‐immunocompetent recipients transfused with whole blood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples from 252 donor‐recipient pairs were tested. Immunoglobulin G to HHV‐8 was detected with enzyme immunoassays and confirmed with an in‐house immunofluorescence assay. The cellular fraction from seroreactive donors and their recipients was tested for HHV‐8 DNA.RESULTS: Anti‐HHV‐8 was positive (reactive in two or more assays) in 28 (11%) patients and 16 (6%) donors. Of 12 seronegative recipients (at risk of transmission) receiving seropositive blood, one very likely transmission was identified (8.3% confidence interval, 0%‐23%). The donor blood contained HHV‐8 DNA and his and four other donors' sequences clustered separately from recorded genotypes with a 97% bootstrap constituting a distinct genotype.CONCLUSIONS: HHV‐8 is transmitted in Ghana but does not carry clinical consequences since most patients are immunocompetent. The clinical risk will increase with the availability of immunosuppressive drugs in sub‐Saharan Africa. We propose that a new genotype (HHV‐8‐G for Ghana) be added to the current nomenclature.
The impact of beta‐blocker therapy on anemia after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Glass Nina E. , Kaltenbach Lisa A. , Fleming Sloan B. , Arbogast Patrick G. , Cotton Bryan A. 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND: An increase in endogenous catecholamine levels after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well described. Animal studies suggest that postinjury anemia is exacerbated by a persistent hyperadrenergic state. This study aims to determine if beta‐blocker (BB) exposure affects anemia after TBI.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We reviewed a Level I trauma registry for patients with TBI, examining markers of anemia between patients who received BB with those who did not.RESULTS: A total of 174 patients were exposed to BB (BB+) and 245 were not exposed (BB−). The mean age in the BB+ group was 50 years (vs. 36 years in BB− group, p < 0.001). The mean injury severity score was 33.6 for the BB+ group (vs. 30.8 for BB− group, p = 0.01). While BB+ patients were more likely to receive a transfusion (60.9% vs. 35.1%, p < 0.001), BB+ patients reached their nadir hemoglobin (Hb) at a later day of hospitalization and their rate of decrease in Hb was significantly slower (both p < 0.001). Choosing Hb cutoffs for anemia of both 7 and 10 g/dL, Kaplan‐Meier demonstrated a significant delay in time to anemia.CONCLUSION: This study suggests beta‐blockade delays anemia after TBI. Elaboration of this effect may demonstrate an additional benefit of beta‐blockade after head injury.
A New Temperature Stable Microwave Dielectric Material Mg0.5Zn0.5TiNb2O8
Authors: Liao Qingwei , Li Lingxia , Ding Xiang , Ren Xiang 
Published: March 2012

A new temperature stable, low‐loss, low sintering temperature microwave dielectric material Mg0.5Zn0.5TiNb2O8 was investigated for the first time. Single phase Mg0.5Zn0.5TiNb2O8 was obtained, and it showed Columbite structure which was tri‐ixiolite structure. The variation trend of dielectric constant was in accordance with variation trend of relative density. When the sintering temperature was lower than 1120°C, the Qf value increased with the increasing of relative density. When the sintering temperature was higher than 1120°C, the Qf value decreased with the increasing of the unit cell volume. With the decrease of bond strength, the τf increased. The typical values of ε = 30.74, Qf = 66 900 GHz, τf = −4.01 × 10−6/°C were obtained for Mg0.5Zn0.5TiNb2O8 sintered at 1120°C for 6 h.
Low‐Temperature Superplasticity in Nanocrystalline Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal (TZP)
Authors: Yoshida Hidehiro , Matsui Koji , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: March 2012

Nanocrystalline tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystals (TZP) have been fabricated by the pressureless sintering of recently developed tetragonal ZrO2 powder containing 5.69 mol% YO1.5 and 0.60 mol% AlO1.5. The average grain sizes were 160 nm in the TZP sintered at 1150°C for 10 h and 150 nm in the 0.25 mol% GeO2‐doped TZP sintered at 1100°C for 100 h. The TZP and Ge4+‐doped TZP‐sintered bodies were essentially single‐phase materials, and neither the amorphous layer nor the second‐phase particle was observed along the grain boundary faces. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and nanoprobe energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDS) measurements revealed that the Y3+, Al3+ and Ge4+ cations tend to segregate in the vicinity of the grain boundaries in the TZP‐sintered bodies. The TZP and Ge4+‐doped TZP exhibited an elongation to failure of more than 100% in the temperature range of 1150°C–1300°C and initial strain rate range of 1.4 × 10−5 s−1 to 1.0 × 10−2 s−1. For instance, an elongation to failure in the Ge‐doped TZP reached about 200% at 1150°C and 1.4 × 10−5 s−1. The nanocrystallization reduced the lower limit of the superplastic temperature of conventional, submicron‐grain TZP materials by 150°C. The improved ductility of the TZP at low temperatures was essentially attributed to the reduced grain size.
Actitudes laborales y bienestar de los trabajadores temporales de Europa e Israel
Authors: GRACIA Francisco J. , RAMOS José , PEIRÓ José María , CABALLER Amparo , SORA Beatriz 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.Valiéndose de una tipología novedosa, los autores analizan empíricamente cuatro tipos de trabajadores temporales y los comparan con un grupo de trabajadores fijos. En la muestra, que comprende 1.300 personas de seis países, hallan diferencias significativas en numerosas variables —como características demográficas y del puesto de trabajo, actitudes e inseguridad laboral—, pero no en la satisfacción vital y el bienestar. Es erróneo considerar que los trabajadores eventuales son personas poco cualificadas incapaces de encontrar un empleo fijo; ahora bien, conviene afinar las investigaciones al respecto para perfeccionar las políticas de «flexiseguridad».
Improvement of Mullite and Magnesia‐Based Refractory Castables Through Addition of Nano‐Spinel Powder
Authors: Khalil Nagy M. , Wahsh Mohamed M. S. , Ewais Emad M. M. , Hassan Mohamed B. , Mehrez S. M. 
Published: March 2012

Two different commercial refractory castables based on mullite or magnesia aggregates have been improved through addition of 0–25 wt.% nano‐magnesium aluminate spinel (MA) powder. Physico‐mechanical and refractory properties were tested at different firing temperatures. The phase composition, thermal analysis, and microstructure of these refractory castables were detected using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached with energy dispersive X‐ray unit, respectively. The castable sample mix containing 10 wt.% nano‐MA spinel powder was chosen as an optimum composition according to its good sintering, mechanical as well as refractory properties.
Reformen der Finanzierung der Krankenversicherungssysteme in den Niederlanden, in Deutschland und in Frankreich: Auswirkungen auf die Abdeckung und Umverteilung
Authors: Turquet Pascale 
Published: March 2012

AuszugSeit mehreren Jahren bemühen sich die Krankenversicherungssysteme in Deutschland, Frankreich und den Niederlanden, ihre Ausgaben zu drosseln und ihre Einnahmequellen, ursprünglich vor allem Sozialabgaben, zu diversifizieren. Diese Diversifizierung kann in einer erweiterten Finanzierung aus öffentlicher Hand bestehen oder auch, indem stärker auf private Ressourcen oder Anbieter zurückgegriffen wird. In Deutschland und den Niederlanden gehen die Reformen mit der Entwicklung einer Konkurrenzsituation zwischen den Versicherern einher. In Frankreich sind private Zusatzversicherungen unverzichtbar geworden, um eine ausreichende medizinische Versorgung zu gewährleisten. Diese unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen haben außerdem Konsequenzen auf die Umverteilung, gegen die mit sozialen Hilfsmaßnahmen kaum anzukommen ist.
Teilweise an Bedingungen gebundene Bargeldtransfers in Form von Familienzulagen für Kinder und Heranwachsende aus dem informellen Sektor in Argentinien
Authors: Bertranou Fabio , Maurizio Roxana 
Published: March 2012

Auszug2009 führte Argentinien ein neues Bargeldtransferprogramm für Kinder und Heranwachsende unter 18 Jahren (universelle Kinderzulage) ein, womit die Deckung durch das beitragspflichtige Familienzulagensystem auch auf Familien ausgeweitet wurde, deren Eltern arbeitslos oder in der informellen Wirtschaft tätig sind. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt dieses innovative Programm und vergleicht es mit ähnlichen Programmen in Lateinamerika. Zudem werden Auswirkungen auf die Deckung und mögliche Folgen für das Wohlergehen der Bevölkerung beleuchtet. Wie die Ergebnisse zeigen, verkleinert die Ausweitung des Zugangs zu solchen Leistungen die Deckungslücke für die Armen und Bedürftigen beträchtlich und hat zur Konsolidierung der verschiedenen, schlecht koordinierten Transferprogramme beigetragen.
Alte Theorien in neuer Umgebung auf die Probe stellen: Der Zeitpunkt für erste Gesetze der sozialen Sicherheit in Afrika
Authors: Kangas Olli E. 
Published: March 2012

AuszugDer vorliegende Artikel untersucht den Zeitpunkt der Einführung von vier wichtigen Komponenten der sozialen Sicherheit — Arbeitsunfallversicherung, Krankengeld, Renten und Familienbeihilfen — in 43 afrikanischen Ländern. Er geht des Weiteren auf die Frage ein, ob die Gesetzgebungsstruktur, die vorherrschende Religion oder die koloniale Vergangenheit des jeweiligen Landes von Bedeutung sind, wenn wir das Jahr der Unabhängigkeit, den Wohlstand, den Grad der Demokratie, die Regierungsstabilität, die Industrialisierung sowie Größe und ethnische Homogenität der Bevölkerung auf ihren jeweiligen Einfluss hin überprüfen. Auf der Grundlage des Regressionsmodells von Cox kann geschlossen werden, dass industrialisierte, homogene und recht bevölkerungsreiche Länder, die unter französischer Herrschaft gestanden haben, bei der Gesetzgebung zur sozialen Sicherheit in Afrika im Allgemeinen Vorreiter sind.
Asignaciones familiares como transferencias semicondicionadas a niños y adolescentes en la economía informal en la Argentina
Authors: Bertranou Fabio , Maurizio Roxana 
Published: March 2012

ResumenEn 2009 la Argentina estableció un nuevo programa de transferencia para niños y adolescentes (Asignación Universal por Hijo) que extiende el programa de asignaciones familiares contributivas a las familias de la economía informal y a los desempleados. Este artículo describe dicho programa, realiza comparaciones con otros similares en América Latina y analiza el impacto en la cobertura y sus posibles efectos sobre el bienestar de la población. Los resultados muestran que la expansión de este tipo de beneficios permitirá cerrar sustancialmente la brecha de cobertura de prestaciones en los pobres e indigentes y consolidar varios programas de transferencias que funcionaban con escasa coordinación.
Poner a prueba antiguas teorías en nuevos entornos: el momento de la introducción de las primeras leyes sobre seguridad social en África
Authors: Kangas Olli E. 
Published: March 2012

ResumenEn este artículo se examina los distintos momentos elegidos para introducir cuatro grandes programas de seguridad social —el seguro de accidentes del trabajo, las prestaciones por enfermedad, las pensiones y las asignaciones familiares— en cuarenta y tres países africanos. Además, se analiza si la estructura legislativa, la religión dominante o el pasado colonial del país hasta el año de su independencia tienen importancia a la hora de ponderar la prosperidad, el grado de democracia, la estabilidad gubernamental, su industrialización, la demografía y la homogeneidad étnica de la población. A partir del modelo de regresión de Cox de riesgos proporcionales se concluye que la tendencia muestra que los países industrializados, homogéneos y más bien populosos que estuvieron bajo dominio francés son pioneros en materia de legislación sobre seguridad social.
Oral characteristics of a patient with Ekman‐Westborg‐Julin trait: a case history
Authors: Komatsu Tomoko , Kurihara Tae , Ito Yumi , Lee Masaichi‐Chang‐il , Miyagi Atsushi , Ikeda Masakazu 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT This article presents the case of a Japanese woman who had Ekman‐Westborg‐Julin trait. She had general macrodontia with multituberculism, evagination of the premolar, single conical roots, shovel‐shaped incisors, enamel hypoplasia, impacted tooth, dental crowding, and an open bite. The oral and general characteristics of this patient are described and include the histological and radiographic findings of the mandibular third molars. We suggest that the distinctive oral features with macrodontia of the permanent teeth, multituberculism, evagination, single conical roots, and impaction of the tooth could be defined as the Ekman‐Westborg‐Julin trait.
Dental service trends for older U.S. adults, 1998–2006
Authors: Skaar Daniel D. , O’Connor Heidi 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT This study of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) updates trends in utilization of dental services between 1998 and 2006 for community‐dwelling U.S. adults of age 65 years and older. Bivariate comparisons were made between dependent variables (annual dental visits and types of dental procedures) and independent variables (age, gender, race, income, education, population density, marital status, U.S. Census Bureau regions, and self‐reported health). The estimated percentage of community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with a dental visit for the years studied increased from 45.0% in 1998 to 46.3% in 2006. The age group of respondents who were 85 years and older had the greatest percentage increase in dental visits. Those reporting visits with preventive procedures increased from 87.8% to 91.2% whereas those reporting visits with nonpreventive procedures declined from 63.9% to 58.4%. The prevalence of dental visits continues to trend upward for this population of older adults.Increasing delivery of preventive services will likely impact the future mix of dental services as U.S. adults live longer.
Periodontal findings in a patient with Mauriac syndrome: A case report
Authors: Avula Haritha 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT Mauriac syndrome is a rare condition that affects people with uncontrolled diabetes. The case history of a 17‐year‐old female patient diagnosed with Mauriac syndrome and concurrently suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), stunted growth, hepatomegaly, and severe periodontal disease is described. Non‐surgical periodontal therapy was the treatment provided.Severe periodontal destruction was seen in conjunction with the unique features of this syndrome, such as hepatomegaly, dwarfism, moon‐shaped face, cushingoid fat deposition, delayed puberty, and brittle diabetes. Treatment resulted in decreased plaque and gingival scores.A bi‐directional relationship has been established between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease and there is an increasing emphasis on perio‐systemic interrelationships. Given the effect that such systemic disorders have on periodontal health, periodontists should be involved in the early diagnosis and treatment of such patients.
Age‐related changes in biochemical and hematologic variables inBorzoi andBeagle puppies from birth to 8 weeks
Authors: Rosset Emilie , Rannou Benoit , Casseleux Grégory , Chalvet‐Monfray Karine , Buff Samuel 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundNonspecific signs of illness and availability of only limited information about expected biochemical and hematologic values in puppies make formulation of a differential diagnosis challenging for veterinarians.ObjectivesThe objectives of this prospective study were to describe age‐related changes in biochemical and hematologic variables inBorzoi andBeagle puppies from birth to 8 weeks and to compare results with adult reference intervals (RIs).MethodsBiochemical and hematologic analytes in blood collected in heparin andEDTAfrom 31 clinically healthy puppies (21Beagle and 10Borzoi dogs) were measured or calculated each week from birth to 8 weeks of age.RIs were calculated using the parametric robust method afterBox–Cox transformation.ResultsThere were no significant differences between values of puppies and adults forALTactivity, glucose concentration,MCHC,WBCcount, and platelet count. Total protein concentration,RBCcount, andHCTwere lower and creatine kinase activity was higher in puppies of all ages compared with these variables in adults. Compared with adultRI, in puppies urea concentration was higher at birth and week 1, creatinine concentration was lower at weeks 1–5,ALPactivity was higher at all weeks except for weeks 4 and 6, hemoglobin concentration was lower at weeks 1–8,MCVwas higher at birth and week 1, and reticulocyte count was higher at all weeks except week 1. Statistically, mixed models accounted for evaluation of the same puppies each week and in most cases demonstrated an effect of age and sometimes breed. Some reference intervals should be used with caution owing to potential outliers. The 90% confidence intervals exceeded those recommended by theInternationalFederation ofClinicalChemistry.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of temporal changes in biochemical and hematologic values for puppies during the first 2 months of life to avoid misinterpretation of results.
An atypical case of recurrent cellulitis/lymphangitis in a Dutch Warmblood horse treated by surgical intervention
Authors: Oomen A. M. , Moleman M. , van den Belt A. J. M. , Brommer H. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe case reported here describes an atypical presentation of cellulitis/lymphangitis in an 8‐year‐old Dutch Warmblood mare. The horse was presented with a history of recurrent episodes of cellulitis/lymphangitis and the presence of fluctuating cyst‐like lesions on the left hindlimb. These lesions appeared to be interconnected lymphangiectasias. Surgical debridement followed by primary wound closure and local drainage was performed under general anaesthesia. Twelve months post surgery, no recurrence of cellulitis/lymphangitis had occurred and the mare had returned to her former use as a dressage horse.
Evoked prior learning experience and approach to learning as predictors of academic achievement
Authors: Trigwell Keith , Ashwin Paul , Millan Elena S. 
Published: March 2012

Background. In separate studies and research from different perspectives, five factors are found to be among those related to higher quality outcomes of student learning (academic achievement). Those factors are higher self‐efficacy, deeper approaches to learning, higher quality teaching, students’ perceptions that their workload is appropriate, and greater learning motivation. University learning improvement strategies have been built on these research results.Aim. To investigate how students’ evoked prior experience, perceptions of their learning environment, and their approaches to learning collectively contribute to academic achievement. This is the first study to investigate motivation and self‐efficacy in the same educational context as conceptions of learning, approaches to learning and perceptions of the learning environment.Sample. Undergraduate students (773) from the full range of disciplines were part of a group of over 2,300 students who volunteered to complete a survey of their learning experience. On completing their degrees 6 and 18 months later, their academic achievement was matched with their learning experience survey data.Method. A 77‐item questionnaire was used to gather students’ self‐report of their evoked prior experience (self‐efficacy, learning motivation, and conceptions of learning), perceptions of learning context (teaching quality and appropriate workload), and approaches to learning (deep and surface). Academic achievement was measured using the English honours degree classification system. Analyses were conducted using correlational and multi‐variable (structural equation modelling) methods.Results. The results from the correlation methods confirmed those found in numerous earlier studies. The results from the multi‐variable analyses indicated that surface approach to learning was the strongest predictor of academic achievement, with self‐efficacy and motivation also found to be directly related. In contrast to the correlation results, a deep approach to learning was not related to academic achievement, and teaching quality and conceptions of learning were only indirectly related to achievement.Conclusions. Research aimed at understanding how students experience their learning environment and how that experience relates to the quality of their learning needs to be conducted using a wider range of variables and more sophisticated analytical methods. In this study of one context, some of the relations found in earlier bivariate studies, and on which learning intervention strategies have been built, are not confirmed when more holistic teaching–learning contexts are analysed using multi‐variable methods.