bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHLPP1 splice variants differentially regulate AKT and PKCα signaling in hippocampal neurons: characterization of PHLPP proteins in the adult hippocampus
Authors: Jackson Travis C. , Verrier Jonathan D. , Semple‐Rowland Susan , Kumar Ashok , Foster Thomas C. 
Published: September 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 941–955.AbstractPleckstrin homology and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPPs) are a novel class of potent protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitors that have been intensely investigated in relation to AKT activity in cancer. Currently, our understanding of the role of PHLPP1α in the central nervous system is limited. In this study, we characterized PHLPP protein expression and target kinases in the adult hippocampus. We directly verify PHLPP1α inhibits AKT in hippocampal neurons and demonstrate a novel role for PHLPP1β/SCOP, to promote AKT activation. PHLPP1α expression changes dramatically in the hippocampus during development, constituting the most abundant PHLPP protein in adult neurons. Further, while all PHLPP proteins could be observed in the cytosolic fraction, only PHLPP1α could be localized to the nucleus. The results provide unique evidence for a divergence in the function of PHLPP1α and PHLPP1β/SCOP, and suggest that PHLPP1α plays a major role in regulating AKT signaling in neurons.
Cilostazol prevents amyloid β peptide25‐35‐induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Hiramatsu Masayuki , Takiguchi Osanao , Nishiyama Aki , Mori Hiromasa 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cilostazol may be effective in dementia associated with a cerebral ischaemia. In this study, we examined whether it exerts beneficial effects on learning and/or memory impairment induced by Aβ25‐35 in mice, and compared its effects with those of aspirin.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Aβ25‐35 (9 nmol) was administered to mice i.c.v. Learning and memory behaviour were evaluated by measuring spontaneous alternation in a Y‐maze and a step‐down type passive avoidance test, on the 5th and 8th days after injection respectively. Levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and cytokines in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were measured 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after the Aβ25‐35 injection. The effects of repeated administration of cilostazol and aspirin (both at 30 and 100 mg·kg−1, p.o.) on any changes induced by Aβ25‐35 were evaluated.KEY RESULTS Repeated administration of cilostazol significantly attenuated the impairment of spontaneous alternation and the shortened step‐down latency induced by Aβ25‐35. Aspirin did not show any beneficial effect. A significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and IL‐1β (only measured in hippocampus) was observed 2, 3 and 5 days after the Aβ25‐35 injection in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Repeated administration of cilostazol (100 mg·kg−1) completely prevented the increase in MDA levels but failed to antagonize the increase in the expression of IL‐1β induced by Aβ25‐35.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThese results suggest that the protective effect of cilostazol on Aβ25‐35‐induced memory impairment may be related to oxidative stress in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus.
Maternal haemoglobin level at booking visit and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: ABEYSENA Chrishantha , JAYAWARDANA Pushpa , De A. SENEVIRATNE Rohini 
Published: September 2010

Aims:  To determine the effect of maternal haemoglobin levels at booking visit on pregnancy outcome.Methods:  A prospective study was carried out at two Medical Officer of Health areas in a district in Sri Lanka, including 817 pregnant mothers who were followed up until delivery. Maternal haemoglobin level was measured according to specified standard protocols. The reliability and the accuracy of haemoglobin measurements were assessed and were found to be satisfactory. Pregnancy outcome was defined in terms of miscarriage, maternal morbidities, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Potential confounding factors for each pregnancy outcome were also assessed. Multiple logistic regression was applied and the results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results:  The prevalence of anaemia (Hb <11 g/dL) was 7.1% (95% CI 5.4–8.9%). Anaemia during pregnancy was not significantly associated with any of the pregnancy outcomes studied. Reference range for haemoglobin measurements among mothers with normal pregnancy outcome was 10.4–13.9 g/dL. Haemoglobin level of >13.9 g/dL had a significant adverse association with maternal morbidities (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.03–8.90) and LBW (OR 3.95; 95% CI 1.30–12.0) compared with the reference range.Conclusions:  Although anaemia during pregnancy was not adversely associated with any of the pregnancy outcomes, Hb level of >13.9 g/dL was adversely associated with maternal morbidities and LBW.
Follicular thyroid neoplasm: clinicopathologic features suggesting malignancy
Authors: HEIKKILÄ ANNUKKA , SIIRONEN PÄIVI , HAGSTRÖM JAANA , HEISKANEN ILKKA , SANKILA RISTO , LOUHIMO JOHANNA , HAGLUND CAJ , AROLA JOHANNA 
Published: September 2010

Heikkilä A, Siironen P, Hagström J, Heiskanen I, Sankila R, Louhimo J, Haglund C, Arola J. Follicular thyroid neoplasm: clinicopathologic features suggesting malignancy. APMIS 2010; 118: 846–54.Thyroid follicular neoplasms are the most common tumors of the thyroid. The criterion for their malignancy is evidence of capsular or vascular invasion, which makes preoperative diagnosis difficult. The poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma entity was introduced by World Health Organization in its 2004 classification with an incidence still poorly known. We found 356 follicular neoplasms treated between 1990 and 2006. Among these tumor patients, adenomas were more common in women than in men (3.6:1), but carcinomas differed little with respect to gender (1.2:1). All follicular carcinomas (n = 39), atypical adenomas (n = 6), and oxyphilic adenomas (n = 15) were included in the study, as well as 30 consecutive conventional follicular adenomas. Five tumors were reclassified as poorly differentiated follicular thyroid carcinomas, representing 13% of carcinomas in this unselected material. Predictors of malignancy were high proliferation index (PI) by MIB‐1 (p < 0.001), large tumor size (p < 0.001), and old age (p = 0.006). High PI was also a marker of worse prognosis in malignant tumors. Oxyphilic tumor cells were more frequent in carcinomas than in adenomas; however, among carcinomas, they were non‐prognostic. Probability for malignancy is thus greater in a male patient with a large oxyphilic follicular neoplasm. The PI requires evaluation in all follicular thyroid carcinomas to identify poorly differentiated tumors with worse prognosis.
Oral lichen planus and dental hygiene: a case report
Authors: Scattarella A , Petruzzi M , Ballini A , Grassi FR , Nardi GM 
Published: September 2010

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene
9, 2011; 163–166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00454.x Scattarella A, Petruzzi M, Ballini A, Grassi FR, Nardi GM. Oral lichen planus and dental hygiene: a case report.Abstract:  Background:  The presence of atrophic‐erosive lesions among gingival tissues makes oral hygiene procedures difficult for several reasons. Plaque control and rigorous oral hygiene are a fundamental requisite for the treatment of any oromucosal disease.Case report:  A patient suffering from a mixed atrophic‐erosive form of oral lichen planus (OLP), with serious gingival involvement, was also treated with the topical application of clobetasol propionate 0.05% using gingival trays. The highest hygiene standards of both patient and trays were of fundamental importance.Discussion:  The management of the patient suffering from gingival atrophic‐erosive OLP requires the synergic treatment of both dentist and dental hygienist, whose contribution supports the corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive treatment.
10 years quality assurance of the dermatologist's procedure. ABD review board part II: 2003–2009
Authors: Voß Heike , Elsner Peter , Fartasch Manigé , Köllner Arno , Richter Gerhard , Rothe Axel , Schindera Ingo , Schwanitz Hans Joachim , Skudlik Christoph , Stary Alois , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Worm Margitta , John Swen Malte 
Published: September 2010

Summary Background: The dermatologist's procedure (“procedure for early detection of occupational skin diseases”) enables dermatologists to conduct the relevant diagnostics at the expenses of the statutory employers’ liability insurance funds (UVT) if there is a possibility of a work‐related skin disorder in an employee. Acceptance of this most relevant tool for secondary prevention in occupational dermatology in Germany is high and most dermatologists make careful use of this unparalleled privilege. However, there have been occasional complaints by the UVT, concerning overly extensive diagnostics. Consequently, the Task Force on Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (ABD) of the German Society of Dermatology set up a review board in May 1999. Results: Dermatologists’ reports in question were submitted by the UVT to the review board and reviewed separately by two experienced occupational dermatologists both in the 1st period (1999–2003) and now in the second period (June 2003 – November 2009). The criticism of the reviewers was mostly directed towards the number of tests and an insufficient documentation in the dermatologist's report. There were 69 dermatologists’ reports submitted to the review board (as compared to 155 in the 1st period). Conclusions: The decreased number of dermatologists’ reports submitted could be a result of the review process itself. Other factors may include the optimization of the dermatologist's report with a better reimbursement as well as the recent publication of guidelines and continuous education in occupational dermatology with certification of more than 700 dermatologists. These measures of quality assurance are aimed to further optimize the dermatologist's procedure and to allow for improved and more rapid care for patients with occupational dermatoses by dermatologists.
Predicting Delay in Presentation in Men with Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Alex Byron , Choi Judy M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Many men with Peyronie’s disease (PD) delay presentation to a urologist. The reasons for this are unclear.

Aim
To define the differences in men who present early compared to those presenting in a delayed fashion and to determine predictors of delayed presentation.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of all patients presenting for the first medical evaluation of PD. All patients underwent a standard history and physical examination and had a standardized deformity assessment. Demographic and PD parameters were recorded.

Main Outcome Measures
Statistical comparison was used to define factors that were different between early and delayed presenters and multivariable analysis was used to define predictors of presentation &gt;12 months.

Results
482 patients were analyzed, 61% presenting ≤12 months, 39% &gt;12 months. Mean patient age was 52 ± 13 years and mean duration of PD was 17 ± 30 months. Mean measured curvature was 42° ± 19°. Multivariable analysis revealed that delayed presentation patients were significantly more likely to be older (odds ratio [OR]=4.0), to be in long-term relationships (OR=3.6), to have dorsal curvature (OR=2.5), to have curvature &lt;45° (OR=3.3), to be heterosexual (OR=2.0), and to have simple deformity (OR=1.5).

Conclusions
One-third of men with PD presented in a delayed fashion and they tended to be older, to be in long-term relationships, to have dorsal curvature, or to have simple deformity.
Ischemic Priapism and Implant Surgery with Sharp Corporal Fibrosis Excision (CME)
Authors: Stember Doron S. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prolonged ischemic priapism is commonly associated with severe erectile dysfunction. Subsequent implant surgery is complicated by fibrosis of corporal tissue.

Aim
In this article we review clinical practice methods for safe and effective use of intracavernosal injection therapy as well as management of erectile dysfunction that may result from inappropriate priapism treatment.

Methods
A case report is presented followed by a review of literature addressing surgical techniques for penile prosthesis implantation in the setting of corporal fibrosis.

Main Outcome Measures
Review of literature and discussion of best-practice management.

Results
Erectile dysfunction should be clearly distinguished from premature ejaculation. Careful training and monitoring of patients using penile self-injection therapy is essential for preventing episodes of priapism. Local injection clinics that are primarily motivated by financial considerations threaten the safe management of men with sexual dysfunction. Development of corporal fibrosis occurs during prolonged ischemic priapism and is duration-dependent. Implant surgeons should be familiar with maneuvers to address fibrotic corporal tissue.
On the mass—radius relation of hot stellar systems
Authors: Gieles Mark , Baumgardt Holger , Heggie Douglas C. , Lamers Henny J. G. L. M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Most globular clusters have half-mass radii of a few pc with no apparent correlation with their masses. This is different from elliptical galaxies, for which the Faber–Jackson relation suggests a strong positive correlation between mass and radius. Objects that are somewhat in between globular clusters and low-mass galaxies, such as ultracompact dwarf galaxies, have a mass–radius relation consistent with the extension of the relation for bright ellipticals. Here we show that at an age of 10 Gyr a break in the mass–radius relation at ∼106 M⊙ is established because objects below this mass, i.e. globular clusters, have undergone expansion driven by stellar evolution and hard binaries. From numerical simulations we find that the combined energy production of these two effects in the core comes into balance with the flux of energy that is conducted across the half-mass radius by relaxation. An important property of this ‘balanced’ evolution is that the cluster half-mass radius is independent of its initial value and is a function of the number of bound stars and the age only. It is therefore not possible to infer the initial mass–radius relation of globular clusters, and we can only conclude that the present day properties are consistent with the hypothesis that all hot stellar systems formed with the same mass–radius relation and that globular clusters have moved away from this relation because of a Hubble time of stellar and dynamical evolution.
Cyclic fatigue resistance of new and used Mtwo rotary nickel‐titanium instruments in two different radii of curvature
Authors: Inan Ugur , Aydin Cumhur , Demirkaya Kadriye 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe fracture of nickel‐titanium rotary instruments is a serious problem that can jeopardise the outcome of root canal treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of new and used Mtwo rotary nickel‐titanium instruments in artificial canals with two different radii of curvature. Four hundred and twenty Mtwo instruments were used in the present study. Thirty new and 30 used instruments of each size were tested for cyclic fatigue in artificial canals with radii of curvature of 5 or 10 mm. Each instrument was rotated until fracture occurred and the number of cycles to fracture was calculated by multiplying time to fracture and rotational speed. Data were analysed using a t‐test. According to the results of the study, radius of curvature was an important factor on cyclic fatigue resistance and clinical use significantly reduced the instrument lifespan.
Evaluating the potential key factors in assessing the morphology of mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first and second molars
Authors: Karaman Gokalp Turan , Onay Emel Olga , Ungor Mete , Colak Meric 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to provide further information on the morphology of the root canals and pulp chambers of 100 maxillary first and 100 maxillary second molars, with particular reference to the anatomical relationship of the root canal patterns and the distance between mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) orifices. Each transverse section was digitally imaged to measure the interorificial distance using a stereomicroscope. The angles of primary curvatures were determined in both buccolingual (clinic view, CV) and mesiodistal (proximal view, PV) directions and the canal configuration of the MB root was classified according to the Weine classification. The rhomboidal pulp chamber floor morphology predominated in each tooth type. The mean interorificial distance in both maxillary first and second molars was significantly shorter in type II compared with type III (P < 0.05). The interorificial distance was correlated with the primary curvature of MB canal in PV in maxillary first molars (P < 0.05), whereas the primary curvature of ML canal in CV was correlated with the primary curvature of ML canal in PV in maxillary second molars (P < 0.01). The evaluation of interorificial distance in both types of maxillary molars and the curvature of ML canal in CV in maxillary second molar can give valuable information to the clinician.
Root canal configurations of third molar teeth. A comparison with first and second molars in the Turkish population
Authors: Sert Semih , Şahinkesen Güneş , Topçu Fulya T. , Eroğlu Şeyda E. , Oktay Elif A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to determine the similarities of maxillary and mandibular third molars with the other molar teeth. A total of 2016 extracted maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth were evaluated. The teeth were divided into six groups. The teeth were stored in 5% nitric acid solution for 7 days, then placed in increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol. The teeth were rendered transparent by immersion in xylene solution for 4 days until complete transparency was achieved. Three roots were present in 93.0% of the maxillary molars, and 91.3% of the second molars. Among the maxillary third molars, 35.5% were single‐rooted and 24.9% of the mandibular third molars had single roots. Double roots were present in 69.2% of the mandibular third molars, and 5.4% had three roots. Four new root canal configurations were encountered in this study. The root canal configurations of the mandibular and maxillary teeth showed similarities with the results of other studies performed in different populations.
Whole‐Leaf Wash Improves Chlorine Efficacy for Microbial Reduction and Prevents Pathogen Cross‐Contamination during Fresh‐Cut Lettuce Processing
Authors: Nou Xiangwu , Luo Yaguang 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Currently, most fresh‐cut processing facilities in the United States use chlorinated water or other sanitizer solutions for microbial reduction after lettuce is cut. Freshly cut lettuce releases significant amounts of organic matter that negatively impacts the effectiveness of chlorine or other sanitizers for microbial reduction. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether a sanitizer wash before cutting improves microbial reduction efficacy compared to a traditional postcutting sanitizer wash. Romaine lettuce leaves were quantitatively inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 strains and washed in chlorinated water before or after cutting, and E. coli O157:H7 cells that survived the washing process were enumerated to determine the effectiveness of microbial reduction for the 2 cutting and washing sequences. Whole‐leaf washing in chlorinated water improved pathogen reduction by approximately 1 log unit over traditional cut‐leaf sanitization. Similar improvement in the reduction of background microflora was also observed. Inoculated “Lollo Rossa” red lettuce leaves were mixed with noninoculated Green‐Leaf lettuce leaves to evaluate pathogen cross‐contamination during processing. High level (96.7% subsamples, average MPN 0.6 log CFU/g) of cross‐contamination of noninoculated green leaves by inoculated red leaves was observed when mixed lettuce leaves were cut prior to washing in chlorinated water. In contrast, cross‐contamination of noninoculated green leaves was significantly reduced (3.3% of subsamples, average MPN ≤−0.3 log CFU/g) when the mixed leaves were washed in chlorinated water before cutting. This result suggests that whole‐leaf sanitizing washes could be a practical strategy for enhancing the efficacy of chlorine washes for pathogen reduction and cross‐contamination prevention.Practical Application:  Freshly cut leafy greens release large amount of organic matter that negatively impact the chlorine washing efficacy. Implementing the primary antimicrobial intervention step of chlorine washing prior to cutting can significantly improve the efficacy of microbial reduction and minimize pathogen cross‐contamination.
Development of a Method to Produce Freeze‐Dried Cubes from 3 Pacific Salmon Species
Authors: Crapo Charles , Oliveira Alexandra C.M. , Nguyen Duy , Bechtel Peter J. , Fong Quentin 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Freeze‐dried boneless skinless cubes of pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon were prepared and physical properties evaluated. To minimize freeze‐drying time, the kinetics of dehydration and processing yields were investigated. The physical characteristics of the final product including bulk density, shrinkage, hardness, color, and rehydration kinetics were determined. Results showed that freeze‐dried salmon cubes from each of the 3 Pacific salmon species can be produced with a moisture content of less that 10% and aw less 0.4 and freeze‐drying time of 9 h. Processing yields ranged from 26% to 28.4%, depending on fish species. Shrinkage was less than 12% and rehydration of freeze‐dried cubes was rapid. The value‐added products developed have the potential to be utilized as ingredients for ready‐to‐eat soups, as snack food, salad topping, and baby finger‐food.Practical Application:  Freeze‐drying removes water from food products without heating them; therefore, this type of drying process yields very high‐quality dried foods. In this study, a freeze‐dry process was established to produce small cubes of Alaska pink, sockeye, and chum salmon. The goals were to shorten typical freeze‐drying time while producing acceptable product characteristics. The freeze‐drying process developed took only 9 h to remove about 97% of the moisture of diced Pacific salmon fillets. The freeze‐dried salmon cubes produced can be used as ingredients for dehydrated ready‐to‐eat soups, as baby finger‐foods, or as salad toppings.