bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monosynaptic inputs to ErbB4‐expressing inhibitory neurons in mouse primary somatosensory cortex
Authors: Choi Jiwon , Callaway Edward M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPrevious reports have described inputs to the somatosensory cortex (S1) in mouse or rat using retrograde or anterograde tracers. Such studies do not, however, reveal which particular cell types within the S1 cortex receive direct monosynaptic connections from these input sources. Here we describe the monosynaptic inputs to a subpopulation of mouse S1 inhibitory neurons that express ErbB4. We used a previously described “bridge protein,” composed of the ErbB4 ligand, neuregulin (NRG1), fused to the avian viral receptor TVB (TVB‐NRG1), along with EnvB pseudotyped lentivirus (LV) and rabies virus (RV), to selectively coinfect ErbB4‐expressing neurons (Choi et al. [2010] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:16703–16708). The RV had its glycoprotein gene deleted and replaced with mCherry, so that infected cells express mCherry and the virus cannot spread without provision of rabies glycoprotein (RG) by transcomplementation. The LV encoded and expressed RG to allow transcomplementation in coinfected neurons, so that the RV could spread transsynaptically and label their direct monosynaptic inputs. The RV could not spread beyond the direct inputs, due to the lack of RG in presynaptic cells. This method revealed long‐range connections from thalamus, nucleus basalis, raphe, and distant cortical areas, including ipsilateral motor, secondary somatosensory, retrosplenial, and perirhinal cortex and contralateral S1. In addition, local connections from ipsilateral pyramidal neurons within S1 were labeled. These input sources account for all of the known inputs to S1 described with standard tracers, suggesting that the subpopulation of ErbB4‐positive inhibitory neurons infected using the TVB‐NRG1 bridge protein receives inputs indiscriminately from S1 input sources. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3402–3414, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thalamocortical projections to rat auditory cortex from the ventral and dorsal divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus
Authors: Smith Philip H. , Uhlrich Daniel J. , Manning Karen A. , Banks Matthew I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ventral and dorsal medial geniculate (MGV and MGD) constitute the major auditory thalamic subdivisions providing thalamocortical inputs to layer IV and lower layer III of auditory cortex. No quantitative evaluation of this projection is available. Using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA)/biocytin injections, we describe the cortical projection patterns of MGV and MGD cells. In primary auditory cortex the bulk of MGV axon terminals are in layer IV/lower layer III with minor projections to supragranular layers and intermediate levels in infragranular layers. MGD axons project to cortical regions designated posterodorsal (PD) and ventral (VA) showing laminar terminal distributions that are quantitatively similar to the MGV‐to‐primary cortex terminal distribution. At the electron microscopic level MGV and MGD terminals are non‐γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic with MGD terminals in PD and VA slightly but significantly larger than MGV terminals in primary cortex. MGV/MGD terminals synapse primarily onto non‐GABAergic spines/dendrites. A small number synapse on GABAergic structures, contacting large dendrites or cell bodies primarily in the major thalamocortical recipient layers. For MGV projections to primary cortex or MGD projections to PD or VA, the non‐GABAergic postsynaptic structures at each site were the same size regardless of whether they were in supragranular, granular, or infragranular layers. However, the population of MGD terminal‐recipient structures in VA were significantly larger than the MGD terminal‐recipient structures in PD or the MGV terminal‐recipient structures in primary cortex. Thus, if terminal and postsynaptic structure size indicate strength of excitation then MGD to VA inputs are strongest, MGD to PD intermediate, and MGV to primary cortex the weakest. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IR Spectroscopy of Isolated Neutral and Protonated Adenine and 9‐Methyladenine
Authors: van Zundert Gydo C. P. , Jaeqx Sander , Berden Giel , Bakker Joost M. , Kleinermanns Karl , Oomens Jos , Rijs Anouk M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIR spectroscopy is employed to study isolated adenine and its derivative 9‐methyladenine in both their neutral and protonated forms. The IR spectra of neutral adenine and 9‐methyladenine are measured in a molecular beam expansion via IR–UV ion‐dip spectroscopy in the 525 to 1750 cm−1 region. For adenine, UV excitation selects the 9H tautomer to give a conformer‐selective IR spectrum. For 9‐methyladenine, only one tautomer exists because of the methyl substitution at the N(9) position. The experimental spectra agree closely with spectra computed for these tautomers at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(df,pd) level of theory. These spectra complement previous tautomer‐specific IR spectra in the hydrogen stretching range. The 9H‐adenine spectrum obtained is compared to a previously recorded FTIR spectrum of adenine at 280 °C, which shows close agreement, although the 7H tautomer cannot be excluded from contributing. Protonated adenine and 9‐methyladenine are generated by electrospray ionization and studied via IR multiple‐photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. Comparison of the experimental spectra with computed spectra allows identification of the protonation site, which suggests that the 1‐9 tautomer is the dominant contributor to the spectra.
An improved flow cytometric assay for detection and discrimination between malignant cells and atypical mesothelial cells, in serous cavity effusions
Authors: Kentrou Nektaria A. , Tsagarakis Nikolaos J. , Tzanetou Konstantina , Damala Maria , Papadimitriou Konstantinos A. , Skoumi Dimitra , Stratigaki Aimilia , Anagnostopoulos Nikolaos I. , Malamou‐Lada Eleni , Athanassiadou Pauline , Paterakis George 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:The aim of this study was to evaluate a flow cytometric assay for the detection of malignant effusions.Methods:During the last 4‐year period, 125 effusions suspicious for malignancy were prospectively analyzed by flow cytometry and conventional cytology. A three‐step flow cytometric assay was performed, beginning with an initial informative panel of two protocols, containing SYTO‐16, 7‐AAD, CD71‐PE, CD45‐ECD, and CD66abce‐FITC, CD64‐PE, CD45‐ECD, CD16‐PECy5, CD14‐PECy7, respectively. This was followed by a basic immunophenotypic panel of seven three‐color combinations, containing in the first position, EMA, Ber‐EP4, CD66abce, CD56, and intracellular desmin‐33, combined with CD71‐PE and CD45‐PeCy5 in each tube. Finally, a cytokeratin‐FITC/propidium iodide DNA panel was conducted, for the detection of aneuploidy in cytokeratin positive cells.Results:The sensitivity and specificity of flow cytometry were 85.1 and 97.8%, and of cytology 93.2 and 95.6%, respectively. A significant association was observed between the results of the two techniques (P < 0.001). Among eight atypical cases detected by cytology, five had been precisely characterized as malignant by flow cytometry. EMA and Ber‐EP4 proved the most sensitive markers for malignancy diagnosis, while the detection of desmin‐33 negative/cytokeratin positive cells had the simultaneous highest positive and negative predictive values. CD66abce was very specific, although nonsensitive, while DNA ploidy analysis was nonspecific, as hyperploidy was observed in reactive mesothelial cells.Conclusions:A flow cytometric assay of high sensitivity and specificity is proposed for the routine identification of carcinoma cells in effusions and their distinction from atypical mesothelial cells, as an ancillary to conventional cytology. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Membrane Composition Effects on the Analytical Behavior of Solid Contact Potentiometric Pb2+ Selective Electrodes Based on Diazadibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 Ionophores
Authors: Ochoa G. Cuervo , Aguilar‐Cordero J. C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effect of component contents and membrane thickness on the detection limit (DL), slope (m), linear range (LR) and response time (RT) of Pb2+ solid contact potentiometric ion selective electrodes (SCISE) based on 4,10‐diaza‐2,3,11,12‐dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 (1), 4,10‐diaza‐2,3,11,12‐di(4‐tert‐butylbenzo)‐18‐crown‐6 (2) and 4,10‐diaza‐2,3,11,12‐dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐N,N′‐di(carboxymethyl) (3) as ionophores was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The use of an intermediate layer of poly(3‐octyl)thiophene between the gold substrate and the selective membrane was explored. SCISE prepared showing the best responses had typical DL, m, LR and RT values of 10−6 M, 29 mV/dec, 10−5 to 10−3 M and 2 minutes.
Resource recovery of copper‐contaminated sludge with jarosite process and selective precipitation
Authors: Hu Shao‐Hua , Hu Shen‐Chih , Fu and Yen‐Pei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study focuses on copper recovery from printed circuit board (PCB) sludge. The copper and other metals in the sludge were extracted with sulfuric acid, and the major metals in the leachate were copper and iron. Jarosite process was utilized to remove impurities such as iron and calcium from the leachate. The elimination percentage of iron from the leachate increased when the molar ratio of potassium/iron (K/Fe) increased in the jarosite process. When the molar ratio of K/Fe was 1.4., it was found that 18.91% of iron content was held while 92.97% of copper content remained in the leachate. The filtrate could be purified further with sulfide precipitation and its filtration characteristics were improved. Then copper sulfide was formed through sulfidation precipitation with a molar ratio of sulfide agent/copper at 0.7; the grade of copper in the recovered material was 57.55%. This indicates that the product was pure CuS, and filtration resistance could be reduced to promote improved copper recovery. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Sealing Evaluation of an Alkaline Earth Silicate Glass for Solid Oxide Fuel/Electrolyser Cells
Authors: Mahapatra M. K. , Lu K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGlass is the most recognised material to seal solid oxide fuel/electrolyser cell components. We have developed a SrO‐La2O3‐Al2O3‐SiO2(SABS‐0) based seal glass with all the desired thermophysical properties and thermochemical stability. In this study, the SABS‐0 seal glass is sandwiched between AISI 441 interconnect alloy and fully stabilised ZrO2electrolyte for sealing ability evaluation. The sealing performance and the thermal cycling resistance of the tri‐layer assembly are tested by a pressure leakage test with 3–20 K min–1heating rates for 2,500 h and 100 thermal cycles. The sealing strength is evaluated by a rupture strength test. The results show that the SABS‐0 glass is hermetic for at least 2,500 h and has high rupture strength for solid oxide fuel/electrolyser cell component sealing. The stress state for the tri‐layer assembly has been analysed using three different approaches.
An Alkaline Al–H2O2 Semi‐Fuel Cell Based on a Nickel Foam Supported Co3O4 Nanowire Arrays Cathode
Authors: Lei T. , Tian Y. M. , Wang G. L. , Yin J. L. , Gao Y. Y. , Wen Q. , Cao D. X. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe electrode of Co3O4 nanowire arrays directly grown on nickel foam is prepared via a facile one‐step method. The electrode is characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and tested as the cathode of an Al–H2O2 semi‐fuel cell. We found that Co3O4 forms clusters of nanowires with length up to around 15 μm and diameter around 250 nm. The nanowire is composed of interconnected nanoparticles. Effects of H2O2 concentrations, catholyte KOH concentration, catholyte flow rate and operation temperature on the cell performance are investigated. The cell exhibited an open circuit voltage of 1.4 V, and peak power densities of 85 and 137 mW cm–2 at 25 and 65 °C, respectively, while running on 0.4 mol L–1 H2O2 at a flow rate of 80 mL min–1.
Staging of the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: insights from a detailed neuropsychological investigation of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Carter Stephen F. , Caine Diana , Burns Alistair , Herholz Karl , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe decline of episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well established, but the exact appearance and staging of deficits in other cognitive domains is sometimes contentious. The current investigation attempted to elucidate the appearance of additional cognitive deficits in the non‐episodic domains and to understand these deficits with respect to the known pathological staging of AD.MethodsA cross‐sectional investigation compared cognitively normal age‐matched controls with patients with mild AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using a detailed neuropsychological assessment.ResultsThe systematic investigation of cognitive performance across the major cognitive domains demonstrates that the appearance of additional cognitive deficits in MCI and AD can be predicted, with impaired semantic cognition performance pre‐empting the appearance of attention/executive dysfunction and visuospatial deficits in the majority of patients with MCI.ConclusionsThis progressive pattern of cognitive deficits fits with the known pathological staging of AD, and the data further highlight the relative rarity of pure amnestic MCI. These results indicate that any neuropsychological test battery used to assess patients with MCI should include language and semantic memory tests in addition to typical episodic memory tests, as changes within this domain might be a sensitive indication of incipient AD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semantic organizational strategy predicts verbal memory and remission rate of geriatric depression
Authors: Morimoto Sarah Shizuko , Gunning Faith M. , Kanellopoulos Dora , Murphy Christopher F. , Klimstra Sibel A. , Kelly Robert E. , Alexopoulos George S. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThis study tests the hypothesis that the use of semantic organizational strategy during the free‐recall phase of a verbal memory task predicts remission of geriatric depression.MethodsSixty‐five older patients with major depression participated in a 12‐week escitalopram treatment trial. Neuropsychological performance was assessed at baseline after a 2‐week drug washout period. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test‐Revised was used to assess verbal learning and memory. Remission was defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of ≤7 for 2 consecutive weeks and no longer meeting the DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for major depression. The association between the number of clusters used at the final learning trial (trial 3) and remission was examined using Cox's proportional hazards survival analysis. The relationship between the number of clusters utilized in the final learning trial and the number of words recalled after a 25‐min delay was examined in a regression with age and education as covariates.ResultsHigher number of clusters utilized predicted remission rates (hazard ratio, 1.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.54); χ2 = 4.23, df = 3, p = 0.04). There was a positive relationship between the total number of clusters used by the end of the third learning trial and the total number of words recalled at the delayed recall trial (F(3,58) = 7.93; p < 0.001).ConclusionsEffective semantic strategy use at baseline on a verbal list learning task by older depressed patients was associated with higher rates of remission with antidepressant treatment. This result provides support for previous findings indicating that measures of executive functioning at baseline are useful in predicting antidepressant response. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of new phosphonato esters by reaction between triphenyl or trialkyl phosphite and acetylenic diesters in the presence of NH‐containing compounds
Authors: Marandi Ghasem , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Hazeri Nourallah , Heydari Reza , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Torbati Niloufar Akbarzadeh , Sajadikhah Seyed Sajad , Saravani Danial , Rakhshanipour Mansoureh , Gholamipour Samira , Rostami‐Charati Faramarz , Skelton Brian W. , Makha Mohamed , Zare Zeynab , Lashkari Mojtaba 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe reaction between triphenyl or trialkyl phosphite and acetylenic esters in the presence of some heterocyclic or aromatic NH compounds such as thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione, 2‐methyl indole, 5‐bromoisatine, 3‐nitroacetanilide, saccharin, 5,5‐dimethylhydantoin, 2‐nitroaniline, 4‐nitroaniline, benzophenon hydrazine, and anthranilic acid led to the formation of phosphonato esters in high yield. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:630–639, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20725
Phenyl‐, benzyl‐, and unsymmetrical hydroxy‐methylenebisphosphonates as dronic acid ester analogues from α‐oxophosphonates by microwave‐assisted syntheses
Authors: Keglevich György , Grün Alajos , Molnár István Gábor , Greiner István 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe microwave (MW)‐assisted addition of dialkyl phosphites to α‐oxophosphonates was investigated and optimized under solventless conditions to provide the phenyl‐ and benzyl‐hydroxy‐methylenebisphosphonates efficiently by suppressing the rearrangement side reaction. Methyl‐hydroxy‐methylenebisphosphonates with mixed ester functionalities and an analogous diester‐diacid were also synthesized. It was found that the α‐oxophosphonates may also be converted to hydroxy‐methylenebisphosphonates and/or rearranged products without using dialkyl phosphite as the reagent and with the careful exclusion of water, simply on standing at room temperature, on thermal treatment, or on MW irradiation. These novel reactions taking place via the controlled decomposition of the precursor and resulting in the intermediate formation of dialkyl phosphite were also studied in detail. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:640–648, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20727
Transmural heterogeneity of left ventricular myocardium remodeling in postinfarct porcine model revealed by MR diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Wu Yin , Zhang Li‐Juan , Zou Chao , Tse Hung‐Fat , Wu Ed X. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the transmural heterogeneity of left ventricular myocardium structural remodeling.Materials and Methods:Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in six adult porcine heart samples with apical septum infarction collected 13 weeks after permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and six age‐matched intact controls. Alterations in diffusion indices and myocardial fiber orientation, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean apparent diffusion coefficient (mean ADC), axial diffusivity (λ∥), radial diffusivity (λ⟂), and fiber helix angle were investigated at five transmural zones across myocardium wall in regions adjacent and remote to the infarct.Results:In both adjacent and remote regions of infarcted hearts, FA showed no significant alteration across transmural zones compared to controls. However, mean ADC, λ∥, and λ⟂ exhibited significant decreases at endocardium zones but not epicardium zones. Moreover, myocardial fiber helix angle shifted towards left‐handed orientation at all transmural zones, especially in regions adjacent to the infarct, becoming more aligned with the epicardium fiber orientation.Conclusion:These experimental DTI findings indicate that the endocardium was more vulnerable to infarction, leading to more pronounced microstructural changes during remodeling. The current DTI approach reveals additional information in delineating postinfarct remodeling process, which may provide insights into cardiac mechanics and clinical assessment of cardiac diseases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An analysis algorithm for accurate determination of articular cartilage thickness of hip joint from MR images
Authors: Cheng Yuanzhi , Jin Quan , Zhao Jie , Guo Changyong , Bai Jing , Tamura Shinichi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose:To test the accuracy of the most widely used technique based on edge detection for thickness measurement of the hip joint cartilage in MR images, and to improve the measurement accuracy by developing a new measurement method based on a model of the MRI process.Materials and Methods:MRI was performed in 3 normal cadaver hips, 25 hips of normal volunteers, and 25 hips of patients with osteoarthritis. In general, thickness was defined as the distance between the two sides of the hip cartilage along the normal directions of the cartilage surfaces. In this article this is referred to as the “edge detection method.” A theoretical simulation analysis revealed that the edge detection method considerably underestimated the cartilage thickness of the hip joint. A new measurement method based on a model of the MR imaging process was accordingly proposed for correcting the measurement errors.Results:In the experiment using the cadaver hips, anatomical measurement of cartilage thickness was used as reference standard. For measurements at 35 sites, the proposed model‐based method gave results similar to those presented from anatomic section, while the edge detection method gave underestimation compared with the anatomic thickness. The underestimation biases for the edge detection method were consistent with the biases predicted by theoretical simulation. In the experiment using the hips of volunteers and patients, the edge detection result was an underestimation compared with the result generated by using the model‐based method.Conclusion:The edge detection method underestimated the hip cartilage thickness in MR images. The proposed model‐based method was more accurate than the edge detection method for thickness measurement of the hip cartilage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New respiratory gating technique for whole heart cine imaging: Integration of a navigator slice in steady state free precession sequences
Authors: Uribe Sergio , Tejos Cristian , Razavi Reza , Schaeffter Tobias 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the performance of a slice navigator sequence integrated into a b‐SSFP sequence for obtaining real time respiratory self‐gated whole heart cine imaging.Materials and Methods:In this work, we present a novel and robust approach for respiratory motion detection by integrating a slice navigator sequence into a balanced steady state free precession (b‐SSFP) sequence, while maintaining the steady state. The slice navigator sequence is integrated into consecutive repetition times (TRs) of a b‐SSFP sequence to excite and read out a navigator slice. We performed several phantom experiments to test the performance of the slice navigator sequence. Additionally, the method was evaluated in five volunteers and compared with breathing signals obtained from conventional pencil beam navigator sequence. Finally, the navigator slice was used to obtain whole heart MR cine images.Results:The breathing signals detected by the proposed method showed an excellent agreement with those obtained from pencil beam navigators. Moreover, the technique was capable of removing respiratory motion artifacts with minimal distortion of the steady state. Image quality comparison showed a statistical significant improvement from a quality score of 2.1 obtained by the nonrespiratory gated images, compared to a quality score of 3.4 obtained by the respiratory gated images.Conclusion:This novel method represents a robust approach to estimate breathing motion during SSFP imaging. The technique was successfully applied to acquire whole heart artifact‐free cine images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.