bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TSH-suppressive doses of levothyroxine are required to achieve preoperative native serum triiodothyronine levels in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy
Authors: Ito Mitsuru , Miyauchi Akira , Morita Shinji , Kudo Takumi , Nishihara Eijun , Kihara Minoru , Takamura Yuuki , Ito Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Miya Akihiro , Kubota Sumihisa , Amino Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveThyroidal production of triiodothyronine (T3) is absent in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy. Therefore, relative T3 deficiency may occur during postoperative levothyroxine (l-T4) therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate how the individual serum T3 level changes between preoperative native thyroid function and postoperative l-T4 therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 135 consecutive patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, who underwent total thyroidectomy. Serum free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), and TSH levels measured preoperatively were compared with those levels measured on postoperative l-T4 therapy.ResultsSerum TSH levels during postoperative l-T4 therapy were significantly decreased compared with native TSH levels (P<0.001). Serum FT4 levels were significantly increased (P<0.001). Serum FT3 levels were significantly decreased (P=0.029). We divided the patients into four groups according to postoperative serum TSH levels: strongly suppressed (less than one-tenth of the lower limit); moderately suppressed (between one-tenth of the lower limit and the lower limit); normal limit; and more than upper limit. Patients with strongly suppressed TSH levels had serum FT3 levels significantly higher than the native levels (P<0.001). Patients with moderately suppressed TSH levels had serum FT3 levels equivalent to the native levels (P=0.51), and patients with normal TSH levels had significantly lower serum FT3 levels (P<0.001).ConclusionsSerum FT3 levels during postoperative l-T4 therapy were equivalent to the preoperative levels in patients with moderately suppressed TSH levels. Our study indicated that a moderately TSH-suppressive dose of l-T4 is required to achieve the preoperative native serum T3 levels in postoperative l-T4 therapy.
Improving Timeliness of Antibiotic Delivery for Patients With Fever and Suspected Neutropenia in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Volpe Diana , Harrison Stephanie , Damian Fran , Rachh Pratik , Kahlon Prerna S. , Morrissey Lisa , Mack Jennifer , Akenroye Ayobami , Stack Anne M. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
There is a high risk for morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients with fever if antibiotics are not received in a timely manner. We designed a quality improvement effort geared at reducing the time to antibiotic delivery for this high risk population.

METHODS:
The setting was the emergency department in an academic pediatric tertiary care hospital that sees ∼60 000 patients annually. We assembled a multidisciplinary team who set a target of 60 minutes from time of presentation to antibiotic delivery for patients with known neutropenia and 90 minutes for patients with possible neutropenia. Quality improvement methods were used to effect change and evaluate when the targets were not met. Improved communication between providers and patients and timely feedback were implemented.

RESULTS:
Mean time to antibiotic delivery in febrile oncology patients with known neutropenic status dropped from 99 minutes in the preimplementation period to 49 minutes in the postimplementation period, whereas it dropped from 90 minutes to 81 minutes in possibly neutropenic patients. The percentage of patients who met the targets for time to antibiotics rose from 50% to 88.5%.

CONCLUSIONS:
A multidisciplinary team approach and standardization of the process of care were effective in reducing the time from arrival to antibiotic delivery for febrile neutropenic patients in the pediatric emergency department.
A Prospective Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT as Diagnostic Tools to Identify the Primary Tumor Site in Patients with Extracervical Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Site
Authors: Møller Anne Kirstine H. , Loft Annika , Berthelsen Anne K. , Pedersen Karen D. , Graff Jesper , Christensen Charlotte B. , Costa Junia C. , Skovgaard Lene T. , Perell Katharina , Petersen Bodil L. , Daugaard Gedske 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Compare the diagnostic performances of 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional CT with respect to their ability to detect primary tumor sites in carcinoma of unknown primary patients with extracervical metastases.Describe the rate of identification of primary tumor sites using 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional CT.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate prospectively the diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and conventional CT regarding the ability to detect the primary tumor site in patients with extracervical metastases from carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) site.

Patients and Methods.
From January 2006 to December 2010, 136 newly diagnosed CUP patients with extracervical metastases underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT.
A standard of reference (SR) was established by a multidisciplinary team to ensure that the same set of criteria were used for classification of patients, that is, either as CUP patients or patients with a suggested primary tumor site. The independently obtained suggestions of primary tumor sites using PET/CT and CT were correlated with the SR to reach a consensus regarding true-positive (TP), true-negative, false-negative, and false-positive results.

Results.
SR identified a primary tumor site in 66 CUP patients (48.9%). PET/CT identified 38 TP primary tumor sites and CT identified 43 TP primary tumor sites. No statistically significant differences were observed between 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT alone in regard to sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

Conclusion.
In the general CUP population with multiple extracervical metastases 18F-FDG PET/CT does not represent a clear diagnostic advantage over CT alone regarding the ability to detect the primary tumor site.
Mandatory IFRS Adoption and Institutional Investment Decisions
Authors: Florou Annita , Pope Peter F. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
We examine whether the mandatory introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards leads to an increase in institutional investor demand for equities. Using a large ownership database covering all types of institutional investors from around the world, we find that institutional holdings increase for mandatory IFRS adopters. Changes in holdings are concentrated around first-time annual reporting events. Second, we document that the positive IFRS effects on institutional holdings are concentrated among investors whose orientation and styles suggest they are most likely to benefit from higher quality financial statements, including active, value, and growth investors. These results are consistent with holdings changes being associated with the financial reporting regime change. Finally, we show that increased institutional holdings are concentrated in countries in which enforcement and reporting incentives are strongest, and where the differences between local GAAP and IFRS are relatively high. Overall, our study helps shed new light on the channels by which IFRS information becomes impounded in market outcomes.
JEL Classifications: G11; K22; M41; M42.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are available from the commercial sources identified in the paper.
Government Ownership, Accounting-Based Regulations, and the Pursuit of Favorable Audit Opinions: Evidence from China
Authors: Chan K. Hung , Lin Kenny Z. , Wang Ray R. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARY
This research finds that local government-controlled companies are able to obtain more favorable audit opinions from local auditors when they face the need for new equity financing or the threat of exchange delisting. We capture this ability by comparing the observed opinions that companies receive from local auditors with those that we predict they would receive if they used a Big 4 auditor. Our empirical results highlight the importance of understanding political and economic institutions when analyzing the reporting behavior of managers and auditors in a transition economy, and suggest that regulators should be aware of the unintended consequences of basing capital market resource allocation decisions on reported accounting earnings, which can be subject to significant managerial discretion.
A Computational Model for Early Events in B Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling: Analysis of the Roles of Lyn and Fyn
Authors: Barua Dipak , Hlavacek William S. , Lipniacki Tomasz 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
BCR signaling regulates the activities and fates of B cells. BCR signaling encompasses two feedback loops emanating from Lyn and Fyn, which are Src family protein tyrosine kinases (SFKs). Positive feedback arises from SFK-mediated trans phosphorylation of BCR and receptor-bound Lyn and Fyn, which increases the kinase activities of Lyn and Fyn. Negative feedback arises from SFK-mediated cis phosphorylation of the transmembrane adapter protein PAG1, which recruits the cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase Csk to the plasma membrane, where it acts to decrease the kinase activities of Lyn and Fyn. To study the effects of the positive and negative feedback loops on the dynamical stability of BCR signaling and the relative contributions of Lyn and Fyn to BCR signaling, we consider in this study a rule-based model for early events in BCR signaling that encompasses membrane-proximal interactions of six proteins, as follows: BCR, Lyn, Fyn, Csk, PAG1, and Syk, a cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase that is activated as a result of SFK-mediated phosphorylation of BCR. The model is consistent with known effects of Lyn and Fyn deletions. We find that BCR signaling can generate a single pulse or oscillations of Syk activation depending on the strength of Ag signal and the relative levels of Lyn and Fyn. We also show that bistability can arise in Lyn- or Csk-deficient cells.
Biochemical and Biologic Characterization of Exosomes and Microvesicles as Facilitators of HIV-1 Infection in Macrophages
Authors: Kadiu Irena , Narayanasamy Prabagaran , Dash Prasanta K. , Zhang Wei , Gendelman Howard E. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Exosomes and microvesicles (MV) are cell membranous sacs originating from multivesicular bodies and plasma membranes that facilitate long-distance intercellular communications. Their functional biology, however, remains incompletely understood. Macrophage exosomes and MV isolated by immunoaffinity and sucrose cushion centrifugation were characterized by morphologic, biochemical, and molecular assays. Lipidomic, proteomic, and cell biologic approaches uncovered novel processes by which exosomes and MV facilitate HIV-1 infection and dissemination. HIV-1 was “entrapped” in exosome aggregates. Robust HIV-1 replication followed infection with exosome-enhanced fractions isolated from infected cell supernatants. MV- and exosome-facilitated viral infections are affected by a range of cell surface receptors and adhesion proteins. HIV-1 containing exosomes readily completed its life cycle in human monocyte-derived macrophages but not in CD4− cells. The data support a significant role for exosomes as facilitators of viral infection.
Specialized Proresolving Mediators Enhance Human B Cell Differentiation to Antibody-Secreting Cells
Authors: Ramon Sesquile , Gao Fei , Serhan Charles N. , Phipps Richard P. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active and dynamic process critical in maintaining homeostasis. Newly identified lipid mediators have been recognized as key players during the resolution phase. These specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) constitute separate families that include lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, each derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. New results demonstrate that SPM regulate aspects of the immune response, including reduction of neutrophil infiltration, decreased T cell cytokine production, and stimulation of macrophage phagocytic activity. The actions of SPM on B lymphocytes remain unknown. Our study shows that the novel SPM 17-hydroxydosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), resolvin D1, and protectin D1 are present in the spleen. Interestingly, 17-HDHA and resolvin D1, but not protectin D1, strongly increase activated human B cell IgM and IgG production. Furthermore, increased Ab production by 17-HDHA is due to augmented B cell differentiation toward a CD27+CD38+ Ab-secreting cell phenotype. The 17-HDHA did not affect proliferation and was nontoxic to cells. Increase of plasma cell differentiation and Ab production supports the involvement of SPM during the late stages of inflammation and pathogen clearance. The present study provides new evidence for SPM activity in the humoral response. These new findings highlight the potential applications of SPM as endogenous and nontoxic adjuvants, and as anti-inflammatory therapeutic molecules.
Cost of allergy immunotherapy: sublingual vs subcutaneous administration
Authors: Seiberling Kristin , Hiebert Jared , Nyirady Janice , Lin Sandra , Chang Dennis 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:Allergy immunotherapy is an effective way to manage the allergic patient and may be administered either through the subcutaneous route (SCIT) or the sublingual route (SLIT). Both have been proven efficacious; however, SLIT is currently not covered by insurance companies and is an out‐of‐pocket expense. The goal of the current study is to compare the costs of SCIT to SLIT.Methods:For SCIT, a total of 9 different insurance groups were studied including 8 preferred provider organizations (PPOs) and Medicare. Costs were broken down according to the percentage of coverage for the injections, serum vial fees, weekly co‐pay, and deductibles. Total yearly cost for SCIT was calculated for the varying insurance plans and compared to the yearly cost of SLIT.Results:PPO plans covered between 60% and 100% of allergy immunotherapy treatment with a range of weekly co‐pay between $0 and $50. Deductibles ranged between $0 and $7000. Medicare had a flat rate of 80% coverage costing the insurer $807.20 for the year of therapy. None of the above costs include loss of work productivity and travel expense. The cost of SLIT ranged from $500 to $2100 depending on the allergy practice and number on antigens treated.Conclusion:The cost of SCIT varies dramatically according to insurance plan whereas the cost of SLIT varies between practices. When loss of productivity and travel expense are added into the cost of SCIT, SLIT might be comparable in cost and more convenient for the patient. Although the lack of insurance coverage for SLIT currently makes it more expensive than SCIT, we have found that the financial gap is much smaller than initially thought, especially when indirect costs and plans with less than 80% coverage or high weekly co‐pay are factored into the equation.
President's page
Authors: Sonnenwald Diane H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryNumerous benefits can be gained by promoting the value of information professionals to employers, students, funding agencies and the general public. Sandy Hirsh, Prudence Dalrymple and Marcia J. Bates have pointed out several ways that ASIS&T can spearhead these advocacy efforts, starting with the need to clearly define the term information professionals. A dedicated website illustrating the work, skills and value of the information professional might include testimonials, top 10 lists and interviews and be reinforced through social media marketing. The global Library 2.012 virtual conference of October 2012 can feature panels on the roles, benefits and advocacy of professional organizations such as ASIS&T. Additional advocacy opportunities are available by adding content to the ASIS&T site, establishing an advisory board and developing a long term strategic advocacy plan. Members are invited to get actively involved in advocating for information professionals by submitting suggestions for site content or participating in panels.
Advancing the practice of data citation: A to‐do list
Authors: Hourclé Joseph A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe citation of research data sources is gaining momentum with buy‐in from several influential institutions. The groundwork has been laid, including guidelines for suggested data attributes, identifier systems, easy creation of digital object identifiers (DOIs) and standards for data reuse and exchange. But significant work remains, starting with cataloging archived resources, facilitating the citation process for scientists and building a culture where citing data is the norm. Collaborative efforts will speed success, which deserves recognition, and the researchers, librarians and IT specialists involved deserve credit. Implementing these steps will support the fundamental goal of sharing valuable data while reinforcing the process.
Dissonance, resistance and commitment: A pilot analysis of moderated mediation relationships
Authors: Draycott Simon 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundEncouraging engagement is a challenge in forensic services. A model of behaviour change suggests that dissatisfaction with the self may express itself either as resistance to or commitment to engagement in treatment, and that this expression may be moderated by the individual's attributional style.Aims/HypothesesIt was hypothesised that there would be relationships between measures of dissonance, resistance to treatment and commitment to treatment, and that these relationships would be moderated by locus of control.MethodThirty‐two patients from within a high secure dangerous and severe personality disorder service completed assessments measuring dissonance, locus of control, resistance and commitment. These measures were analysed for a moderated mediation using techniques outlined by Preacher et al. (2007).ResultsThere were significant indirect relationships between dissonance and both resistance and commitment. These relationships were moderated by locus of control. However, the specifics of the relationships were not as expected – both internal and external locus of control interfered with therapy, but in different ways.Conclusions/Implications for practiceA patient who experiences dissonance may translate this into either commitment to or resistance to treatment, depending on features of the patient such as attributional style. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Arrangement and Assembly Guided by Hydrophobic Cavities inside DNA
Authors: Takada Tadao , Otsuka Yumiko , Nakamura Mitsunobu , Yamana Kazushige 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDNA is a unique yet useful material to organize nanoscale molecular arrays along the helix axis. In this study, we demonstrate a useful approach for creating molecular arrays inside a double helical DNA. Our approach is based on a host–guest system. Introducing abasic sites into DNA afforded a hydrophobic cavity that serves as a host. A planar aromatic molecule (cationic perylenediimide, PDI) was used as the guest molecule. In an aqueous solution, the PDI molecules tend to aggregate with themselves due to the strong hydrophobicity. In the presence of DNA with the cavity, the binding of the PDI was found to site‐specifically occur in the hydrophobic cavity. The unique assembly and arrangement for more than two PDI molecules was achieved by controlling the sizes and positions of the cavities. Our approach would provide a simple and convenient way to construct one‐dimensional aromatic arrays in DNA.
Genetic and epigenetic variation of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) in placenta and infant neurobehavior
Authors: Bromer Cailey , Marsit Carmen J. , Armstrong David A. , Padbury James F. , Lester Barry 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe intrauterine environment can impact the developing infant by altering the function of the placenta through changes to the epigenetic regulatory features of this tissue. Genetic variation, too, may impact infant development or may modify the relationship between epigenetic alterations and infant outcomes. To examine the associations of these variations with early life infant neurodevelopment, we examined the extent of DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) promoter and a common single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region in a series of 186 placentas from healthy newborn infants. We associated these molecular features with specific summary measures from the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales. After controlling for genotype and confounders, we identified significant associations of NR3C1 methylation with infant quality of movement (p = .05) and with infant attention (p = .05), and a potential interaction between methylation and genotype on infant attention score. These results suggest that epigenetic alteration of the NR3C1 gene in the placentas of genetically susceptible infants can have impacts on neurodevelopment which may have lifelong impact on neurobehavioral and mental health outcomes. Further research is needed to more precisely define these relationships and the interaction between epigenetic alterations and genetic variations on infant health. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 673–683, 2013.
2,6‐Dimethoxyphenyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs): A Family of Highly Electron‐Rich Organocatalysts
Authors: Schedler Michael , Fröhlich Roland , Daniliuc Constantin‐G. , Glorius Frank 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBased on our recent finding that 2,6‐dimethoxyphenyl‐substituted NHCs show superior reactivity in the hydroacylation reactions of electron‐neutral olefins compared with known NHCs, we now report the syntheses and crystal structures of four highly electron‐rich 2,6‐dimethoxyphenyl‐substituted NHCs and show the increase in efficiency caused by the electron‐rich aryl substituent in hydroacylation reactions.
Control of reactivity of phosphine imides by intramolecular coordination with an organoboryl group
Authors: Kano Naokazu , Yanaizumi Kazuhide , Meng Xiangtai , Kawashima Takayuki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPhosphine imides with a boryl substituent 3–5 were synthesized. Their structures were revealed to have a tetracoordinated boron and a phosphorus atom, featuring the N–B coordination by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The phosphine imide moiety was persistent to hydrolysis, methylation, and the aza‐Wittig reaction. The N–B coordination remained intact upon treating with pyridine or fluoride ion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:429–434, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21033
Prognostic significance of tumor volume in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing intensity‐modulated radiation therapy
Authors: Wu Zheng , Zeng Rui‐Fang , Su Yong , Gu Mo‐Fa , Huang Shao‐Min 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study was undertaken to analyze the correlation between primary gross tumor volume (GTVp) and prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).MethodsBetween February 2001 and December 2006, 305 patients with NPC treated with IMRT were analyzed retrospectively. GTVp was calculated from treatment planning CT scans.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that GTVp had a statistically significant correlation to local control, distant metastasis, and overall survival in patients with NPC, whereas T classification was not an independent prognostic factor. Among patients classified with N0–1 and N2–3, there were significant differences in the rates of distant metastasis between those with GTVp smaller and larger than 25 mL (p < .001 and p = .002, respectively).ConclusionsGTVp is highly significant in evaluating local control, distant metastasis, and overall survival of patients with NPC treated with IMRT. Therefore, it is recommended that GTVp be included in the new TNM classification system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013