bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, film morphology, and performance of cationic fluorinated polyacrylate emulsion with core‐shell structure
Authors: Xu Wei , An Qiufeng , Hao Lifen , Huang Liangxian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel cationic fluorinated polyacrylate emulsion (CFBDH) was prepared by polymerization of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) with butyl acrylate (BA), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DM), and 2‐hydroxypropyl acrylate (HpA) via seeded emulsion polymerization. Chemical structure, particle morphology, glass transition temperature, and thermal property of resultant CFBDH were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, TEM, DSC, and TGA, respectively. The as‐synthesized product was utilized to treat the clean glass sheet and cotton fabric substrates, then morphology, components, hydrophobicity, and other performances of films on those substrates were investigated by SEM, AFM, XPS, and contact angle meter, etc. Results show that the target product possesses anticipative structure and its latex particles have uniform spherical core‐shell structure with an average diameter of 126 nm. The core‐shell CFBDH latex film thus has two Tg and its thermal property has been improved due to the introduction of fluorine‐containing acrylate monomer. The CFBDH film on cotton fabric surface seems to be smooth compared to the blank by SEM. However, the CFBDH film on silicon‐wafer is inhomogeneous and has many low or high peaks. At 2 nm data scale and in 1 μm2 scanning field, the root mean square roughness of CFBDH film reaches to 0.205 nm. XPS analysis indicates the perfluoroalkyl groups have the tendency to enrich at the film‐air interface. In addition, CFBDH can provide good hydrophobicity for the treated fabric and do not influence whiteness of the treated fabric indeed. However it will make the treated fabric slightly stiff at high doses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effects of electron beam irradiation on the structure–property behavior of blends based on low density polyethylene and styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene‐block copolymers
Authors: Senna Magdy M. H. , Abdel‐Moneam Yasser K. , Hussein Yousry A. , Alarifi Abdallah 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLow density polyethylene (LDPE) blends with different additives were exposed to various doses of electron beam irradiation. The additives used were styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene‐block copolymers (SEBS), styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene‐block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) and mineral compounds. The structure–property behavior of electron beam irradiated blends was characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal, and electrical resistivity properties. The results indicated that the unirradiated LDPE blends with the different compositions showed improved mechanical properties, thermal and volume resistivity properties than pure LDPE. However, the improvement in properties of unirradiated blends by using SEBS‐g‐MA was higher than using SEBS copolymer. Further improvement in the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of the LDPE blends was achieved after electron beam irradiation. The limited oxygen index (LOI) data revealed that the LDPE/SEBS‐g‐MA/ATH blend was changed from combustible to self‐extinguishing material after electron beam irradiation to a dose of 100 kGy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Degradation of electrospun poly(L‐lactide) membranes under cyclic loading
Authors: Zhao Yunhui , Qiu Dapeng , Yang Yanfang , Tang Gongwen , Fan Yubo , Yuan Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBecause of the great effect of mechanical loads on degradation of biodegradable biomaterials, investigation on degradation of electrospun membranes under dynamic loading is of importance. In this article, degradation of electrospun poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) membranes was carried out in a Tris‐HCl buffer solution containing proteinase K under a cyclic stretch loading (dynamic condition) in comparison with that in shaking water bath (static condition). The evolutions of mass loss, morphology, thermal properties, and relative molecular weight of PLLA were monitored during degradation. The results showed that after degradation for 10 h, the mass of the electrospun PLLA membranes dropped by 38.7% and 31.3%, respectively, under dynamic and static conditions. And the electrospun PLLA membranes showed higher value of crystallinity during degradation under both cyclic loading and static condition. In addition, benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride (BTEAC) was introduced during electrospinning, and the effects of electrospun membranes characteristic and crystallinity on degradation were also investigated. The degradation study results are expected to be a basic study in mimicking actually mechanical environments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 124:258–266, 2012
Hydrolytic degradation of poly(L‐lactic acid): Combined effects of UV treatment and crystallization
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Shimizu Kenta , Sato Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAmorphous and crystallized poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) films were prepared and the hydrolytic degradation of the ultraviolet (UV)‐treated and UV‐nontreated films was investigated. This study reveals that the combination of UV and thermal treatments can produce the PLLA materials having different hydrolytic degradation profiles and that the UV‐irradiation in the environment will affect the design of recycling process for PLLA articles. In an early stage, the degrees of hydrolytic degradation monitored by weight loss (Wloss), number‐average molecular weight (M
n), and melting temperature (T
m) were higher for the UV‐treated films than for the UV‐nontreated films. In a late stage, the trend traced by Wloss was reversed, and the difference in the degrees of hydrolytic degradation between the UV‐treated and UV‐nontreated films monitored by M
n and T
m became smaller, with the exception of the degrees of hydrolytic degradation of the amorphous films traced by T
m. Also, in the early stage, the degrees of hydrolytic degradation monitored by Wloss and M
n were higher for the crystallized films than for the amorphous films. In the late stage, this trend was reversed, with the exception of the degrees of hydrolytic degradation of the UV‐treated films monitored by M
n. The main factors that determined the Wloss and T
m were the molecular weight and initial crystallinty but not the molecular structures such as terminal CC double bonds and crosslinks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Determining molecular weight scale and molecular weight distribution of ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene alternating copolymer via a rheological technique
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Yong , Zhang Yong‐Ming 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA self‐scaling rheology‐based technique was developed to determine the molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene alternating copolymer (ETFE). The self‐scaling technique makes determining MW and MWD with isolated completely rheological method possible. Moreover, the two key parameters (the plateau modulus and zero‐shear viscosity) were obtained by more robust numerical technique, which let determining MW and MWD via rheological method initiated by Tuminello [Macromolecules 1993, 26, 499] being building on more robust and rigid basis. Our case overcomes the shortage of Tuminello's method and gives more practical and simply mean to analyze the MW scale and MWD in the production and application of ETFE. It is found that the peak MW of a ETFE (commercial grade: EP541) is 1.73 × 105 g/mol, the MWD curve is a pattern with a slightly raised “shoulder” at high‐molecular mass end, and a high peak on the median and the polydispersity is broad (the polydispersity index is near to 10.3). The wide polydispersity indicates the commercial ETFE combining good processability of relative lower MW molecules with physical properties of high MW ones. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Highly aligned electrospun nanofibers by elimination of the whipping motion
Authors: Kiselev Pavel , Rosell‐Llompart Joan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis work shows how elimination of the whipping motion of electrospinning fibers leads to nearly perfect alignment of fibers collected onto fast‐rotating cylindrical collectors. The whipping motion is eliminated by using lower and more uniform electrical fields than are typically used in electrospinning practice and by pulling the fiber mechanically by the collector. Two types of polymeric fibers, solid fibers of poly(ethylene oxide) and porous fibers of polystyrene, are collected at collector surface speeds ranging from 2 to 15 m/s, showing a rapid transition from either nonaligned or wavy fibers, to straight fibers with nearly perfect alignment (over 95% of the fibers within 1° and 100% within 4°). Very high collection speeds lead to worsening of alignment, apparently because of air turbulence created by the cylinder rotation. The degree of fiber stretching is quantified as a function of the collector surface speed. A 50% decrease in average diameter is measured for PEO fibers, while for porous PS fibers; it decreases by <30% over the same range in collection speed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Spontaneous Healing Capacity of Calvarial Bone Defects inmdxMice
Authors: Nakagaki Wilson Romero , Camilli José Angelo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThemdxmouse is an experimental model widely used for the study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is characterized by the lack of dystrophin and cycles of muscle degeneration/regeneration. Studies demonstrated elevated levels of growth factors and accelerated skin wound repair in these animals. We therefore raised the hypothesis that the bone repair process might also be altered in these animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the spontaneous healing of calvarial defects inmdxmice by histomorphometric analysis. Animals (45 days old) were divided intomdxand control groups. A defect measuring 2 mm in diameter was produced surgically in the right parietal bone of each animal. The animals were sacrificed 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery, and the skulls were processed by routine histological procedures. No difference in the volume of new bone inside the defect was observed between the two groups at any of the three postoperative time points. There was also no difference between the different periods of healing when each group was analyzed separately. The lower quality of femoral and calvarial bone inmdxmice reported in previous studies and the similar bone regeneration rates seen in two groups suggest that the healing capacity of calvarial defects was more expressive inmdxmice than in control animals. An increase in the amount of osteogenic factors released by damaged myofibers may have favored osteogenesis during bone defect healing inmdxmice. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histological and Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Primordial Vomeronasal Organ in Lungfish
Authors: Nakamuta Shoko , Nakamuta Nobuaki , Taniguchi Kazumi , Taniguchi Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMany vertebrates have two anatomically distinct olfactory organs—the olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ—to detect chemicals such as general odorants and pheromones in their environment. The vomeronasal organ is not present in fish but is present in vertebrates of a higher order than amphibians. Among all extant fishes, the lungfish is considered to be genetically and phylogenetically closest to tetrapods. In this study, we examined the olfactory organs of African lungfish, Protopterus annectens, by lectin histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Two types of sensory epithelia were identified in the olfactory organ—the olfactory epithelium covering the surface of lamellae and the sensory epithelium lining the recesses both at the base of lamellae and in the wall of the nasal sac—and designated here as the lamellar olfactory epithelium and the recess epithelium, respectively. Based on analysis of G‐protein expression and ultrastructure, the lamellar olfactory epithelium resembled the olfactory epithelium of ordinary teleosts and the recess epithelium resembled the vomeronasal organ of tetrapods. Furthermore, lectin histochemistry demonstrated that the axons from the recess epithelium converge and project to the ventrolateral part of the olfactory bulb, suggesting that lungfish possess a region homologous to the accessory olfactory bulb of tetrapods. Based on these results, it seems appropriate to refer to the recess epithelium as “a primordium of the vomeronasal organ.” This study may provide important clues to elucidate how the vomeronasal organ emerged during the evolution of vertebrates. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of A2B6‐Type [36]Octaphyrins: Copper(II)‐Metalation‐Induced Fragmentation Reactions to Porphyrins and N‐Fusion Reactions of meso‐(3‐Thienyl) Substituents
Authors: Mori Hirotaka , Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: January 2012

Abstract5,10,15‐Tris(pentafluorophenyl)tetrapyrromethane was efficiently prepared through a route involving stepwise diaroylation of 5‐pentafluorophenyldipyrromethane. A2B6‐type [36]octaphyrins were prepared by the cross condensation of the tetrapyrromethane with aryl aldehydes in moderate yields. A2B6‐type [36]octaphyrins bearing 2,4,6‐trifluorophenyl, 2,6‐dichlorophenyl, and phenyl substituents underwent CuII‐metalation‐induced fragmentation to give two molecules of AB3‐type CuII porphyrins. A2B6‐type [36]octaphyrin bearing 3‐thienyl substituents underwent thermal N‐thienyl fusion reactions to provide a modestly aromatic [38]octaphyrin, which, upon treatment with MnO2, underwent further N‐thienyl fusion and subsequent oxidation to give a nonaromatic doubly N‐thienyl fused [36]octaphyrin.
Knockdown of HMGA1 expression by short/small hairpin RNA inhibits growth of ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Yinglan , Wang Yingwei , Zhang Yaling , Fu Jianhua , Zhang Guangmei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of downregulating high‐mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1) on the tumor gene and the mechanisms underlying the antitumor of HMGA1. The efficient short/small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) of HMGA1 were constructed and transfected into human ovarian carcinoma OVCAR cells. The changes were identified by reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR), Western blotting, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, and invasion assay. The knockdown of HMGA1 expression in OVCAR cells could obviously change cell morphology, decrease cell proliferation, and reduce invasion in vitro. BALB/C nude mice injected with OVCAR cells transfected HMGA1 shRNA showed a significantly lower tumor weight and volume than those in the control group. Taken together, HMGA1 knockdown could reduce the growth and metastasis potentials of OVCAR cells.
Prevalence of desloratadine poor metabolizer phenotype in healthy Jordanian males
Authors: Hakooz Nancy , Salem Isam I. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo study the prevalence of desloratadine slow metabolizer phenotype among a group of healthy Jordanian male volunteers.MethodsA total of 62 healthy Jordanian male volunteers were included in this study. A single 5 mg desloratadine oral tablet was given and blood samples were taken to determine the desloratadine and 3‐hydroxydesloratadine (3‐OH‐desloratadine) concentrations using a specific liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometric method (LC/MS/MS). The determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of all the individuals was determined by using Kinetica® program version 4.1. Poor metabolizers or slow metabolizers of desloratadine were determined as individuals having a 3‐OH‐desloratadine to desloratadine exposure ratio lower than 10% or a desloratadine half‐life ≥ 50 h.ResultsAmong the 62 volunteers who participated in the study there were only two volunteers who were labeled as desloratadine slow metabolizers, giving a prevalence of 3.2%. The maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) were similar in the extensive and slow metabolizers groups but a longer time (tmax) was needed to achieve this concentration in one of the volunteers who was a desloratadine slow metabolizer.ConclusionThe incidence of the poor metabolizer phenotype of desloratadine in the Jordanian population studied is similar to certain ethnic groups (e.g. Asian, Caucasians and Hispanic); however, it is lower than other populations (e.g. American Indians and Black). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of a physiologically–based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach to quantitatively predict a complex drug–drug–disease interaction scenario for rivaroxaban during the drug review process: implications for clinical practice
Authors: Grillo Joseph A. , Zhao Ping , Bullock Julie , Booth Brian P. , Lu Min , Robie‐Suh Kathy , Berglund Eva Gil , Pang K. Sandy , Rahman Atiqur , Zhang Lei , Lesko Lawrence J. , Huang Shiew‐Mei 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundRivaroxaban is an oral Factor Xa inhibitor. The primary objective of this communication was to quantitatively predict changes in rivaroxaban exposure when individuals with varying degrees of renal impairment are co‐administered with another drug that is both a P‐gp and a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.MethodsA physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to simulate rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics in young (20–45 years) or older (55–65 years) subjects with normal renal function, mild, moderate and severe renal impairment, with or without concomitant use of the combined P‐gp and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, erythromycin.ResultsThe simulations indicate that combined factors (i.e., renal impairment and the use of erythromycin) have a greater impact on rivaroxaban exposure than expected when the impact of these factors are considered individually. Compared with normal young subjects taking rivaroxaban, concurrent mild, moderate or severe renal impairment plus erythromycin resulted in 1.9‐, 2.4‐ or 2.6‐fold increase in exposure, respectively in young subjects; and 2.5‐, 2.9‐ or 3.0‐fold increase in exposure in older subjects.ConclusionsThese simulations suggest that a drug–drug–disease interaction is possible, which may significantly increase rivaroxaban exposure and increase bleeding risk. These simulations render more mechanistic insights as to the possible outcomes and allow one to reach a decision to add cautionary language to the approved product labeling for rivaroxaban. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual formation of the median nerve associated with the third head of biceps brachii
Authors: Ongeti Kevin , Pulei Anne , Ogeng'o Julius , Saidi Hassan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUnilateral variations in the formation of the median nerve, with the presence of the third head of the biceps brachii entrapping the nerve are very rare. These variations were observed on the right side, of a 30‐year‐old male cadaver during routine dissection at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. The median nerve was formed by the union of three contributions; two from the lateral cord and one from the medial cord. An additional head of the biceps brachii looped over the formed median nerve. On the left side, the median nerve was formed classically by single contributions from the medial and the lateral cords. These variations are clinically important because symptoms of high median nerve compression arising from similar formations are often confused with more common causes such as radiculopathy and carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin. Anat. 25:961–962, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Choke” vessels between vascular territories of the abdominal wall: Literature review and rare case of Leriche's syndrome
Authors: Ye Xuan , Rozen Warren M. , Alonso‐Burgos Alberto , Ashton Mark W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe undertook a review of the anatomical changes of “choke” vessels between the internal thoracic artery (ITA) and deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA), as highlighted by a case of aortoiliac occlusive disease (Leriche's syndrome), and discuss the physiological concepts observed with regard to surgical delay procedures within the abdominal wall performed prior to abdominal cutaneous free flaps and coronary artery bypass grafting. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was undertaken on a patient with a rare case of Leriche's syndrome and a literature review of over 200 references on the anatomy, physiology and clinical uses of choke vessels in the abdominal wall was undertaken. The CTA demonstrated that in patients with Leriche's syndrome, there is a marked dilatation of all ITA‐DIEA pathways and increased flow through choke vessels. If these changes can be surgically replicated in the form of a delay procedure for patients seeking to undergo autologous breast construction, this could improve the outcomes of abdominal cutaneous free flaps and coronary artery bypass grafting. We accordingly propose three surgical methods for augmenting blood flow to the abdominal wall: a) ligation of the DIEA; b) ligation of the distal ITA; and c) creation of an arterio‐venous fistulae in the DIEA. Our review of the literature confirmed the viability of these propositions. The dilatation of choke vessels in response to increased haemodynamic stress may thus be utilised to enhance blood supply to tissues prior to transfer and can be achieved through simple and minimally invasive methods. Clin. Anat. 25:998–1004, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Myxobacterial Compounds Spirangien A and Spirangien M522 Are Potent Inhibitors of IL‐8 Expression
Authors: Reboll Marc René , Ritter Birgit , Sasse Florenz , Niggemann Jutta , Frank Ronald , Nourbakhsh Mahtab 
Published: January 2012

AbstractElevated expression of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) has been implicated in inflammatory diseases, in tumor growth, and in angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify natural or synthetic compounds that suppress IL‐8 production in response to interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), the natural inflammatory stimulus of the IL‐8 gene. We therefore developed an IL‐1‐inducible cell‐based screening assay by stable integration of an IL‐8 reporter gene into HeLa S3 cells. The screening of heterogeneous compound libraries revealed several compounds that displayed an inhibitory effect on the reporter gene expression. Following hit validation, we focused on the most efficient compound, spirangien A, and its chemical derivate spirangien M522. Detailed analysis shows that both compounds are potent inhibitors of the endogenous IL‐8 gene transcription. Furthermore, both compounds decelerate the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, the key regulator of the IL‐1‐stimulated NF‐κB signaling pathway. Our study has identified the two spirangiens A and M522 as potent inhibitors of IL‐1/NF‐κB‐mediated IL‐8 gene expression.