bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition of effects of social security on private savings
Authors: HONG MINKI 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to decompose the effects of social security on private savings and quantify to what extent each factor that impacts saving behavior account for the effects of social security. For this purpose, I estimate a stochastic dynamic model in which households facing income and survival uncertainty choose optimal levels of consumption, asset holdings and labor supply. In this model, social security pensions reduce private assets by less than 10%. Bequest and precautionary savings motives are the main reasons of this partial offset. Uncertainty on future benefits has no role to play on the effect.
The role of groundwater in the Amazon water cycle: 1. Influence on seasonal streamflow, flooding and wetlands
Authors: Miguez‐Macho Gonzalo , Fan Ying 
Published: July 2012

Observational studies across the Amazon report a common occurrence of shallow water table in lowland valleys and groundwater‐surface water exchange from small headwater catchments to large floodplains. In this study, we assess groundwater's role in the Amazon surface water dynamics using a continental‐scale coupled groundwater‐surface water model (LEAF‐Hydro‐Flood) forced by ERA‐Interim reanalysis, at 2 km and 4 min resolution over 11 years (2000–2010). The simulation is validated with observed streamflow, water table depth and flooding extent. A parallel simulation without groundwater is conducted to isolate its effect. Our findings support the following hypotheses. First, in the headwater catchments, groundwater dominates streamflow; the observed variations in its dominance across the Amazon can be explained by the varying water table depth. Second, over large floodplains, there are two‐way exchanges between floodwater and groundwater as infiltration in the wet season and seepage in the dry season, and the direction and magnitude are controlled by the water table depth. Third, the Amazon harbors large areas of wetlands that are rarely under floodwater and difficult to observe by remote sensing, but are maintained by a persistently shallow water table. Fourth, due to its delayed and muted response to rainfall, groundwater seepage persists in the dry season, buffering surface waters through seasonal droughts. Our simulations shed new lights on the spatial‐temporal structures of the hidden subsurface hydrologic pathways across the Amazon and suggest possible mechanisms whereby groundwater actively participates in the Amazon water‐carbon cycle such as CO2 outgassing from groundwater seeps and CH4 emission from groundwater‐supported wetlands.
Role of alkali cations for the excited state dynamics of liquid water near the surface
Authors: Buchner Franziska , Ritze Hans-Hermann , Beutler Marcus , Schultz Thomas , Hertel Ingolf V. , Lübcke Andrea 
Published: July 2012

Time-resolved liquid jet photoelectron spectroscopy was used to explore the excited state dynamics at the liquid water surface in the presence of alkali cations. The data were evaluated with the help of ab initio calculations on alkali-water clusters and an extension of these results on the basis of the dielectric continuum model: 160 nm, sub-20 fs vacuum ultraviolet pulses excite water molecules in the solvent shell of Na+ or K+ cations and evolve into a transient hydrated complex of alkali-ion and electron. The vertical ionization energy of this transient is about 2.5 eV, significantly smaller than that of the solvated electron.
Comparing Multiple Predictors of Energy Content in Juvenile Bluefish
Authors: Morley James W. , Buckel Jeffrey A. , Lankford Thomas E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe need to estimate energetic status in fish is common, but determining energy content is costly. We examined the relationship between the energy density of wild juvenile bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (115–310 mm) and multiple indicators of energetic status to develop regression models for predicting bluefish energy content. Energy density was strongly related to the percent dry mass of whole fish (r2 = 0.99) but poorly related to residual wet mass (r2 = 0.33), a commonly used condition index. Energy density was related to three hepatosomatic indices: liver wet mass (r2 = 0.45), liver dry mass (r2 = 0.64), and liver energy content (r2 = 0.70). Energy density was nonlinearly related to percent dry weight in muscle tissue (r2 = 0.93) and energy density in muscle tissue (r2 = 0.83). A biphasic pattern of lipid storage was found in muscle tissue, with very little lipid stored until after a threshold in percent dry weight is exceeded. Using our predictive equation, the energy content in whole bluefish can be determined using the percent dry weight of muscle tissue. However, our predictive model should only be used for wild‐caught bluefish because laboratory‐held fish exhibited higher lipid : protein ratios in muscle tissue.
Effect of externally applied resonant magnetic perturbations on resistive tearing modes
Authors: Hu Qiming , Yu Q. , Rao Bo , Ding Yonghua , Hu Xiwei , Zhuang Ge 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Static resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) generated by saddle coil current have been applied in J-TEXT tokamak experiments in order to study their effects on tearing mode instabilities. With increasing RMP amplitude in time during the discharge, the mode stabilization is first observed, but a large locked mode follows if the RMP amplitude is increased to a very large value, indicating that the RMP amplitude is important in determining the plasma response and the tearing mode behaviour. By careful adjustment of the RMP amplitude, the (partial) stabilization of the m/n = 2/1 tearing mode by RMPs of moderate amplitude has been achieved without causing mode locking (m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers). To compare with experimental results, nonlinear numerical modelling based on reduced MHD equations has been carried out. With experimental parameters as input, both the mode locking and mode stabilization by RMPs are also obtained from numerical modelling. Further calculations have been carried out to study the plasma parameters affecting the mode stabilization by RMPs, including the plasma rotation frequency, viscosity, Alfvén velocity and the RMP amplitude. It is found that the suppression of the tearing mode by RMPs of moderate amplitude is possible for a sufficiently high ratio of plasma rotation velocity to the Alfvén speed. A larger plasma viscosity enhances the mode stabilization.
How Package Design and Packaged‐based Marketing Claims Lead to Overeating
Authors: Chandon Pierre 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBecause packaging reaches consumers at the critical moments of purchase and consumption, it has become an important marketing tool for food manufacturers and retailers. In this paper, I first review how the marketing, health and nutrition claims made on packaging create “health halos” that make foods appear healthier than they are, thereby leading to higher consumption yet lower perceived calorie intake. I then show how packaging design (cues, shapes, and sizes) biases people's perception of quantity and increases their preference for supersized packages and portions that appear smaller than they are. Finally, I examine the extent to which mandatory nutrition labels, stricter regulation of package claims, public promotion of mindful eating, and mindless eating nudges could limit the biasing effects of packaging on food perceptions and preferences.
CytoSPADE: high-performance analysis and visualization of high-dimensional cytometry data
Authors: Linderman Michael D. , Bjornson Zach , Simonds Erin F. , Qiu Peng , Bruggner Robert V. , Sheode Ketaki , Meng Teresa H. , Plevritis Sylvia K. , Nolan Garry P. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Recent advances in flow cytometry enable simultaneous single-cell measurement of 30+ surface and intracellular proteins. CytoSPADE is a high-performance implementation of an interface for the Spanning-tree Progression Analysis of Density-normalized Events algorithm for tree-based analysis and visualization of this high-dimensional cytometry data.
Availability: Source code and binaries are freely available at http://cytospade.org and via Bioconductor version 2.10 onwards for Linux, OSX and Windows. CytoSPADE is implemented in R, C++ and Java.
Contact: michael.linderman@mssm.edu
Supplementary Information: Additional documentation available at http://cytospade.org.
Heart failure in severe aortic valve stenosis: prognostic impact of left ventricular ejection fraction and mean gradient on outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Gotzmann Michael , Rahlmann Pia , Hehnen Tobias , Müller Patrick , Lindstaedt Michael , Mügge Andreas , Ewers Aydan 
Published: July 2012

AimsThis prospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and aortic mean gradient patterns on outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).Methods and resultsFrom 2008 to 2011, 202 consecutive patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (aortic valve area <1.0 cm2) were submitted to TAVI. Patients were divided into four groups according to LVEF (>50% vs. ≤50%) and aortic mean pressure gradient (>40 mmHg vs. ≤40 mmHg): group 1, preserved LVEF/high gradient (n = 86); group 2, preserved LVEF/low gradient (n = 27); group 3, reduced LVEF/high gradient (n = 45); and group 4, reduced LVEF/low gradient (n = 44). A CoreValve prosthesis (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was inserted retrogradely. Echocardiography was performed before and 1 year after TAVI. The primary study endpoint (1‐year all‐cause mortality) was reached in 47 patients (23%). All‐cause mortality was lowest in group 1 (14%), intermediate in group 2 (22%) and group 3 (27%), and highest in group 4 (39%) (P = 0.007). In survivors, aortic mean gradient decreased in all patients (baseline 48 ± 13 mmHg vs. 10 ± 4 mmHg at 1 year, P < 0.001). LVEF improved in group 3 and group 4 (baseline 42 ± 8% vs. 51 ± 11% at 1 year, P < 0.001).ConclusionSevere aortic stenosis with low gradient and/or reduced LVEF is associated with worse outcome after TAVI compared with aortic stenosis with preserved LVEF/high gradient. The evaluation of these haemodynamic parameters may help to improve risk stratification in patients undergoing TAVI.
First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus Infecting Grapevine in Hungary
Authors: Pleško I. Mavrič , Marn M. Viršček , Nyerges K. , Lázár J. 
Published: July 2012

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is the sole member of genus Idaeovirus and naturally infects Rubus species worldwide. It can be experimentally transmitted to many dicotyledonous plant species from different families. In Slovenia it has been reported to naturally infect grapevine, the first known non-Rubus natural host (3). However, RBDV from red raspberry and grapevine were found to be different in biological, serological, and molecular characteristics (4). From 2007 to 2010, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyards were sampled in different parts of Hungary and tested for RBDV infection by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using commercial reagents (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland). Overall, 181 samples were collected from 10 vineyards around Csörnyeföld, Badacsony, Eger, Tolcsva (Orémus), and Nagyréde. Samples were taken randomly unless plants showing virus-like symptoms were present, which were preferentially included in the survey. Two samples collected in 2010, each consisting of five leaves from five individual plants, tested positive by DAS-ELISA. They originated from a small private vineyard of Italian Riesling, Pinot Gris, and Rhein Riesling in the southwestern part of Hungary near Csörnyeföld where 29 samples were collected. All leaves were asymptomatic. Total RNA was extracted from positive samples using a RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). cDNA was synthesized using primer RNA12 as described (4) and further amplified by PCR using primers RBDVUP1/RBDVLO4 that amplified an 872-bp fragment of RBDV coat protein and 3′ non-translated region (2). Amplification products from both samples were directly sequenced (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). The sequences showed 98.6% identity between each other and were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JQ928628 and JQ928629). Sequences were also compared with RBDV sequences deposited in GenBank. They showed 97.7 to 99.3% identity with RBDV sequences from grapevine from Slovenia and 94.2 to 96.1% with RBDV sequences from Rubus sp. Natural infection of grapevine with RBDV was first reported from Slovenia in 2003 (3) and was recently reported also from Serbia (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RBDV infection of grapevine in Hungary and suggests a wider presence of the virus in the region. References: (1) D. Jevremovic and S. Paunovic. Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade) 26:55, 2011. (2) H. I. Kokko et al. BioTechniques 20:842, 1996. (3) I. Mavric Pleško et al. Plant Dis. 87:1148, 2003. (4) I. Mavric Pleško et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123:261, 2009.
Split‐dose administration of thiopurine drugs: a novel and effective strategy for managing preferential 6‐MMP metabolism
Authors: Shih D. Q. , Nguyen M. , Zheng L. , Ibanez P. , Mei L. , Kwan L. Y. , Bradford K. , Ting C. , Targan S. R. , Vasiliauskas E. A. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBackgroundMercaptopurine and azathioprine (AZA) are efficacious in treating IBD. 6‐tioguanine (6‐TGN) levels correlate with therapeutic efficacy, whereas high 6‐methylmercaptopurine (6‐MMP) levels are associated with hepatotoxicity and myelotoxicity. Some IBD patients exhibit dose‐limiting preferential 6‐MMP production, which may lead to undesired side effects and impact efficacy.AimTo review the outcomes of thiopurine split‐dosing in patients with preferential 6‐MMP metabolism.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 179 IBD patients treated at the Cedars‐Sinai IBD Center with AZA or mercaptopurine was performed. Preferential 6‐MMP metabolisers with 6‐MMP levels greater than 7000 pmol/8 × 108 erythrocytes who underwent split‐dosing were identified and assessed for biochemical and clinical responses to these dose modifications.ResultsA total of 20 of 179 patients met the criteria for preferential 6‐MMP metabolism and underwent thiopurine split‐dosing. Dividing the total daily thiopurine dose led to a reduction in 6‐MMP levels (11785 vs. 5324 pmol/8 × 108 erythrocytes; P < 0.0001) without negatively affecting clinical disease activity or 6‐TGN levels (239 vs. 216 pmol/8 × 108 erythrocytes; P = N.S.) and led to resolution of 6‐MMP associated side effects (elevated transaminases, leucopenia and flu‐like symptoms) in all but two patients. After mean follow‐up of 36 months, 12 patients remained in clinical remission on split‐dose mercaptopurine. Five of the remaining eight patients escalated to anti‐TNF therapy, two progressed to surgery, and one switched to tioguanine therapy.ConclusionSplit‐dose administration of mercaptopurine/AZA represents an alternative option in IBD patients with preferential 6‐MMP metabolism who might otherwise require steroid exposure or escalation of therapy.
Long‐term outcome of a third anti‐TNF monoclonal antibody after the failure of two prior anti‐TNFs in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: de Silva P. S. A. , Nguyen D. D. , Sauk J. , Korzenik J. , Yajnik V. , Ananthakrishnan A. N. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBackgroundA significant proportion of patients with IBD lose response to anti‐TNF therapies. There is limited knowledge of the long‐term outcomes of those who have failed two anti‐TNF agents and commenced a third.AimTo examine the safety and efficacy of third anti‐TNF treatment after failure of two prior anti‐TNF agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all IBD patients [Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC)] treated with a third anti‐TNF agent after loss of response or intolerance to two prior anti‐TNF agents at a single tertiary North American centre. Disease activity, drug therapy and Montreal phenotypes were noted at disease onset and commencement of the third anti‐TNF agent. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to calculate the probability of remaining on the third anti‐TNF agent and to identify predictors of long‐term clinical response.ResultsA total of 63 patients (64% women, 57 CD and 6 UC) were included in the analysis. The mean disease duration at initiation of third anti‐TNF was 12 years. Thirty‐five (55.6%) patients discontinued the third anti‐TNF after a mean of 13.2 months. Probability of remaining on the third anti‐TNF was 0.69, 0.55, 0.37 and 0.25 at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. Prior primary nonresponders to the first anti‐TNF agent [hazard ratio (HR) 6.4, 95% CI 2.5–16.1] and persistent disease activity at 3 months after commencement of a third anti‐TNF (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.8) predicted poorer response.ConclusionsOver half of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, initiated on a third anti‐TNF agent after failure of two prior anti‐TNF drugs, are able to remain on the third anti‐TNF at 1 year.
Anti‐tumour necrosis factor treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Mohabbat A. B. , Sandborn W. J. , Loftus E. V. , Wiesner R. H. , Bruining D. H. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease can sometimes relapse and be refractory to standard treatment following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) despite post‐transplantation immunosuppressive therapy.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agents for the management of IBD following OLT.MethodsWe reviewed the records of patients with a diagnosis of IBD who underwent OLT at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1985 and 2009. Patients were included if they had received anti‐TNF therapy post‐OLT. Clinical response was defined as a physician's assessment of improvement after 12 weeks of anti‐TNF usage, and mucosal healing was defined as the absence of ulcerations on follow‐up endoscopy.ResultsThe median age of the eight study patients was 42.0 years and 37.5% were female patients. All had been diagnosed with IBD prior to OLT (UC in three and Crohn's disease in five). Indication for OLT was cirrhotic stage primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and three concomitantly had cholangiocarcinoma. Clinical response was demonstrated in seven of eight patients (87.5%) and mucosal healing was demonstrated in three of seven (42.9%). Four infections (oral candidiasis,
Clostridium difficile colitis, bacterial pneumonia and cryptosporidiosis) in three patients were reported. One patient developed an Epstein–Barr virus‐positive post‐transplant lympho‐proliferative disorder. One death occurred due to complications from recurrent PSC.ConclusionsStarting Anti‐TNF therapy following orthotopic liver transplantation appears to be a potential option for inflammatory bowel disease management. Additional studies are needed, however, to confirm these findings and to further assess risks associated with this treatment strategy.
Disease and pollution alter Daphnia taxonomic and clonal structure in experimental assemblages
Authors: BUSER CLAUDIA C. , SPAAK PIET , WOLINSKA JUSTYNA 
Published: July 2012

Summary1. Environmental stressors can influence population and community structure. However, the majority of experimental work on multiple environmental stressors has been done at the individual level only.2. In this work, we followed changes in experimental assemblages of Daphnia (waterfleas; consisting of two taxa and three clones per taxon) after exposure to the fungal parasite Metschnikowia sp. and/or the pesticide diazinon.3. We found a significant shift in taxonomic and clonal composition under both stressors. Strikingly, in the parasite and parasite + pesticide treatments, one taxon went extinct. While the pesticide had no effect on total parasite prevalence, the taxon that was more susceptible to extinction was, at the same time, more infected when additionally exposed to the pesticide. Furthermore, the density of all adult females was significantly reduced in the parasite treatment, but not in the pesticide treatment.4. Our results demonstrate that the dynamics of Daphnia assemblages are altered by parasites and pesticide exposure. Given the key role of Daphnia in aquatic food webs in transferring primary production into fish food, this could be of wide significance in aquatic ecosystems.
Cardiovascular diseases and the health‐related quality of life after total hip replacement
Authors: Király Edit , Gondos Tibor 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To evaluate to what degree total hip replacement, or co‐morbidities or their progression, influence the health‐related quality of life of patients after the operation. We have looked for an objective method to reflect the severity of cardiovascular diseases and to better characterise the health‐related quality of life of patients with total hip replacement.Background.  The main weakness of the different health‐related quality of life methods that are applied to the analysis is the lack of information regarding the contributory role of co‐morbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases.Design.  Retrospective longitudinal study.Methods.  This study involved 109 patients who had had total hip replacement. The patients’ health status – objective and subjective functional performance at the time of operation and five years later – was evaluated using questionnaires (including EQ‐5D and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities’ Ostoearthritis Index scores) and the hospital database. An Objective Cardiovascular Classification grouping was developed to evaluate the deterioration of cardiovascular diseases.Results.  The subjective assessment of the patients’ health status at Year 5 revealed highly significant differences between healthy and sick patients in respect of EQ‐5D and Objective Cardiovascular Classification but not in the case of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities’ Ostoearthritis Index scores. Evaluating postoperative subjective health awareness, a higher sensitivity and specificity and a significantly better individual‐discriminating role was demonstrated in Objective Cardiovascular Classification vs. EQ‐5D.Conclusion.  After successful total hip replacement postoperative health awareness is influenced mainly by existing and developing cardiovascular diseases. It seems to be the case that for patients with significant hypertension, ischaemic heart disease or chronic heart failure, even successful surgery will not improve the patients’ overall feeling of health.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nursing care of patients with total hip replacement, in respect of cardiovascular diseases, can contribute a better health‐related quality of life.