bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATP and glutamate coordinate contractions in the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri
Authors: Ho Vanessa R. , Goss Greg G. , Leys Sally P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Sponges (phylum Porifera) are an early diverging animal lineage without nervous and muscular systems, and yet they are able to produce coordinated whole-body contractions in response to disturbances. Little is known about the underlying signalling mechanisms in coordinating such responses. Previous studies demonstrated that sponges respond specifically to chemicals such as l-glutamate and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), which trigger and prevent contractions, respectively. Genes for purinergic P2X-like receptors are present in several sponge genomes, leading us to ask whether ATP works with glutamate to coordinate contractions in sponges as it does in other animal nervous systems. Using pharmacological approaches on the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri, we show that ATP is involved in coordinating contractions. Bath application of ATP caused a rapid, sustained expansion of the excurrent canals in a dose-dependent manner. Complete contractions occurred when ATP was added in the presence of apyrase, an enzyme that hydrolyses ATP. Application of ADP, the first metabolic product of ATP hydrolysis, triggered complete contractions, whereas AMP, the subsequent metabolite, did not trigger a response. Blocking ATP from binding and activating P2X receptors with pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid (PPADS) prevented both glutamate- and ATP-triggered contractions, suggesting that ATP works downstream of glutamate. Bioinformatic analysis revealed two P2X receptor sequences, one of which groups with other vertebrate P2X receptors. Altogether, our results confirm that purinergic signalling by ATP is involved in coordinating contractions in the freshwater sponge.
Sexual dimorphism in jump kinematics and choreography in peacock spiders
Authors: Narendra Ajay , Seibel Anna , Ramirez-Esquivel Fiorella , Joshi Pranav , McLean Donald James , Robledo-Ospina Luis , Rao Dinesh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Jumping requires a rapid release of energy to propel an animal. Terrestrial animals achieve this by relying on the power generated by muscles, or by storing and rapidly releasing elastic energy. Jumping spiders are distinctive in using a combination of hydraulic pressure and muscular action to propel their jumps. Though males and females of jumping spiders vary in body mass, sex-specific differences in jumping have never been studied. Here, we investigated the sexual dimorphism in the jump choreography and kinematics of spiders. We used high-speed videography (5000 frames s−1) to record locomotory jumps of males and females of the Australian splendid peacock spider, Maratus splendens. Using micro-computed tomography (µCT) imaging, we identified the animals' centre of mass and tracked its displacement throughout the jump. Our study revealed that peacock spiders exhibited the fastest acceleration among all known jumping spiders. Males demonstrated significantly shorter take-off times and steeper jump take-off angles compared with females. Our findings suggest that the third pair of legs acts as the propulsive leg in both male and female spiders. As males of M. splendens use leg III as part of the courtship display, we discuss the extreme selection pressure on this leg that drives two significant functions.
The Impact of Zinc Supplementation on the Course of Infections
Authors: Woźniak Justyna , Kopczyńska Ewelina , Kulej Piotr , Biesiada Wiktor , Kmieć Justyna Weronika , Chernysh Anna-Mariia , Dusińska Aleksandra , Waszczyński Jakub , Fuczyło Kamila , Stankevič Karolina 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Zinc plays a vital role in immune function, enhancing defense mechanisms and reducing infection duration and severity.
Purpose of Research:This study aimed to assess the impact of zinc on immune function, its role in preventing and treating infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, and its interactions with vitamins D and C. Additionally, the research explored zinc’s effects on microbial cell membranes, gut microbiome balance, and immune modulation, focusing on age-related immune decline and infection susceptibility.
Materials and Methods:The study utilized a comprehensive approach, combining literature reviews, clinical trials, experimental studies, and microbiota analyses to investigate zinc's role in immune function, infection management, and antimicrobial resistance.
Results: Zinc was found to modulate the immune system, influencing T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Deficiency weakened immune responses, increasing infection risk. Zinc supplementation, especially with vitamins D and C, improved immune function, shortened infection duration, and alleviated symptoms. Zinc and vitamin D enhanced antimicrobial peptide production and epithelial barrier function, while zinc and vitamin C reduced oxidative stress and enhanced neutrophil activity. Zinc also destabilized microbial membranes, inhibiting bacterial and viral replication, including multi-drug-resistant strains. Furthermore, zinc supplementation improved gut microbiome composition, promoting beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogenic growth. Clinical studies confirmed its effectiveness in reducing respiratory infections, improving vaccine responses, and decreasing complications in vulnerable individuals.
The Impact of Time-Restricted Eating and Intermittent Fasting on Glycemia, Body Weight, and Overall Well-Being in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes – A Review of Studies
Authors: Stolarczyk Szymon Przemysław , Romańczuk Kuba Borys , Wójcik Zofia Martyna , Omasta Bartosz , Rybak Daria , Czerska Magdalena Agata , Pietrukaniec Paulina Dorota , Krupa Olga , Kamińska-Omasta Katarzyna , Furtak Kinga 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionIntermittent fasting is becoming increasingly popular, particularly among individuals with obesity. One variation of this approach is time-restricted eating (TRE), which involves consuming meals only during a specific time window, typically lasting between eight to twelve hours each day.
Aim Of The Study
The objective of this article was to analyze studies conducted on both animal and human models. This analysis enabled a presentation of the benefits and potential risks associated with time-restricted eating in the context of type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods
In the study, scientific articles retrieved from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used, utilizing keywords such as "intermittent fasting and type 2 diabetes," "intermittent fasting and glycemia," "metabolic effects of fasting," and "intermittent fasting in animals,". Articles in languages other than English were excluded.
Summary
Various fasting types led to reduced HbA1c, weight loss, and improved well-being in experimental groups. Researchers emphasize the need for further trials involving larger groups and longer observation periods to objectively assess the long-term effects of TRE on T2D. Establishing these findings is essential to maximizing the benefits of fasting while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. If practiced cautiously under medical supervision, intermittent fasting could serve as an effective and safe method for managing type 2 diabetes. Adjusting medication, monitoring glucose, and staying hydrated are crucial to minimizing hypoglycemia risk.
The Impact of Creatine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Cognitive Functions, and Safety – A Literature Review
Authors: Sobiński Adam , Czerwonka Matylda , Kościuszko Zuzanna , Kurza Katarzyna , Ciraolo Silvia , Podolec Julianna , Agnieszka Kulczycka-Rowicka  , Lesiczka-Fedoryj Katarzyna , Wojda Joanna , Walczak Anna 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Research: The study evaluates the effects of creatine supplementation on physical performance, cognitive function, and safety. It examines its mechanism of action, impact on muscle mass and strength, and role in brain health. Additionally, it reviews the safety profile of creatine in diverse populations, including athletes, older adults, and individuals with chronic conditions.

Research Materials and Methods: The study is based on clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews from the past decade. Data were collected from studies on creatine supplementation at various doses, including loading and maintenance phases, and its effects on physical and cognitive outcomes, as well as kidney and liver function.

Basic Results Creatine supplementation significantly improved lean body mass (mean difference = 1.32 kg; p < 0.000001) and muscle strength, with greater effects in men. It also showed potential benefits for memory, particularly in older adults, with moderate improvements in non-stress conditions. Safety evaluations indicated no adverse effects on kidney or liver function, even with long-term high-dose use.

Conclusions: Creatine supplementation is a safe, effective strategy for enhancing physical performance, especially with resistance training. It also supports cognitive functions, particularly in populations with higher energy demands or age-related decline. These findings support creatine as a versatile, well-tolerated dietary supplement for sports and health applications.
Fundamental Pricing of Utility Tokens
Authors: Prat Julien , Danos Vincent , Marcassa Stefania 
Published: February 2025

We propose a framework for the fundamental valuation of utility tokens. We introduce a requirement that is reminiscent of the cash-in-advance constraint, stipulating that services have to be accessed immediately. Our model endogenizes the velocity of token circulation, yielding a microfounded pricing formula that we calibrate using Ethereum’s adoption data. The equilibrium price path goes through two successive phases: initially, a portion of the tokens are held for purely speculative motives, and later on, all tokens are held with the intention of being used. This paper has been This paper was accepted by Will Cong for the Special Issue on Digital Finance. Funding: This project has benefited from the financial support of the academic chair Blockchain@Polytechnique. This research has been conducted as part of the project Labex MME-DII [ANR11-LBX-0023-01]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00566 .
Settler Colonialism and Indigenous Diplomatic Resistance in Palestine (1882 to 1914)
Authors: Badra Shamikh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article contributes to the study of settler colonialism and Indigenous resistance by introducing a novel framework: “Indigenous Diplomatic Resistance” (IDR). Michel Foucault’s theories are useful for highlighting how Indigenous groups use diplomatic channels to resist settler-colonial domination. By applying settler colonialism theory to the Palestinian case, this article offers new insights into Palestinian resistance against colonial Zionism, especially in the time of Jewish immigration between 1882 to 1914. Foucault’s notion of discursive power underscores how colonial powers impose knowledge systems that justify control, whilst Indigenous peoples push back through alternate forms of knowledge, including diplomatic strategies (Foucault 2003: 23–24). This article challenges narratives that focus on military or grassroots resistance, suggesting that Palestinian diplomatic resistance was central to their resistance strategy. This approach provides a new lens through which to understand the nature of Palestinian resistance, emphasizing the epistemic struggle inherent in their fight against settler colonialism.
The crystal structure of 1,1′-(2,5-dimethylpyrazine-1,4-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one), C10H14N2O2
Authors: Wang Jinfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
C10H14N2O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 15.7853(7) Å, b = 8.5036(4) Å, c = 31.4964(17) Å, β = 90.371(2)°, V = 4,227.7(4) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0451, wRref

(F2) = 0.1611, T = 655 K.
The Effect of Targeted Memory Reactivation on Dogs’ Visuospatial Memory
Authors: Bolló Henrietta , Carreiro Cecília , Iotchev Ivaylo Borislavov , Gombos Ferenc , Gácsi Márta , Topál József , Kis Anna 
Published: February 2025

The role of sleep in memory consolidation is a widely discussed but still debated area of research. In light of the fact that memory consolidation during sleep is an evolutionary adaptive function, investigating the same phenomenon in nonhuman model species is highly relevant for its understanding. One such species, which has acquired human-analog sociocognitive skills through convergent evolution, is the domestic dog. Family dogs have surfaced as an outstanding animal model in sleep research, and their learning skills (in a social context) are subject to sleep-dependent memory consolidation. These results, however, are correlational, and the next challenge is to establish causality. In the present study, we aimed to adapt a TMR (targeted memory reactivation) paradigm in dogs and investigate its effect on sleep parameters. Dogs (
N
= 16) learned new commands associated with different locations and afterward took part in a sleep polysomnography recording when they were re-exposed to one of the previously learned commands. The results did not indicate a cueing benefit on choice performance. However, there was evidence for a decrease in choice latency after sleep, while the density (occurrence/minute) of fast sleep spindles was also notably higher during TMR recordings than adaptation recordings from the same animals and even compared with a larger reference sample from a previous work. Our study provides empirical evidence that TMR is feasible with family dogs, even during a daytime nap. Furthermore, the present study highlights several methodological and conceptual challenges for future research.
КУБАТУРНЫЕ ФОРМУЛЫ НА СФЕРЕ, ИНВАРИАНТНЫЕ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНО ДИЭДРАЛЬНЫХ ГРУПП ВРАЩЕНИЙ
Authors: ПОПОВ А.С. 
Published: February 2025

Описывается процесс поиска наилучших (в некотором смысле) кубатурных формул на сфере, инвариантных относительно преобразований различных диэдральных групп вращений. Даются с 16-ю значащими цифрами параметры новых кубатурных формул 6-го, 10-го и 12-го порядков точности. Приводится таблица, содержащая основные характеристики всех наилучших на сегодняшний день кубатурных формул группы вращений диэдра до 29-го порядка точности.
A process of searching on the sphere for the best (in a sense) cubature formulas that are invariant under the transformations of different dihedral rotation groups is described. The parameters of the new cubature formulas of the 6th, 10th, and 12th order of accuracy are given to 16 significant digits. A table which contains the main characteristics of all the best to date cubature formulas of the dihedral rotation group up to the 29th order of accuracy is given.
Rechtliche Herausforderungen von Private Credit
Authors: Kindt Torsten , Renner Moritz 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Private Credit stellt seit der globalen Finanzkrise 2007/2008 die mit Abstand am stärksten wachsende Form der Fremdkapitalfinanzierung dar. Diese zunächst von den USA ausgehende Entwicklung hat mittlerweile auch Europa und den deutschen Markt erreicht, wurde in der rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskussion aber bislang kaum aufgegriffen. Der Beitrag verschafft einen Überblick über die zentralen Rechtsfragen, die Private Credit-Finanzierungen aus Sicht der deutschen Rechtsordnung aufwerfen und die vom Aufsichts- und Kapitalmarktrecht über das Vertrags- und Gesellschaftsrecht bis hin zum Insolvenzrecht reichen. Zugleich analysiert er die wirtschaftliche Funktionsweise und die rechtsgebietsübergreifenden Regelungsprobleme von Private Credit, die es bei der Beantwortung rechtsgebietsspezifischer Einzelfragen mitzubedenken gilt.
Timosaponin AIII Enhances Radiosensitivity in Breast Cancer through Induction of ROS-Mediated DNA Damage and Apoptosis
Authors: Peng Huiting , Cui Bingqing , Wei Jianming , Yuan Min , Liu Wenjuan , Shi Jing , Liu Yuguo 
Published: February 2025

Breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer, while resistance to radiation therapy remains an important factor hindering the treatment of patients. Timosaponin AIII (Tim AIII) is a steroidal saponin from the Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Its pharmacologic effects and mechanisms for enhancing radiotherapy remain largely unknown. This study investigates Tim AIII ç and aims to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Experiments, including cell cloning, scratch assays, cell cycle, apoptosis assays, immunofluorescence staining, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assessments, were conducted on breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and JIMT-1 to investigate the impact of Tim AIII combined with radiation. Western blot analyses were used to detect γ-H2AX expression, ROS-related pathways, ATM-CHK2, and AKT-MTOR pathways. Subcutaneous tumor experiments in nude mice confirmed in vivo radiation sensitization. When combined with radiation, Tim AIII significantly inhibited cell clone formation, impeded cancer cell migration, increased G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence showed prolonged γ-H2AX signals. Molecular investigations indicated Tim AIII amplified radiation-induced ROS production, inducing ROS-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. It activated ATM-CHK2 while inhibiting the AKT-MTOR pathway. Tim AIII enhances radiation sensitivity in breast cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Through ROS-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis, activation of ATM/Chk2 and inhibition of the AKT-MTOR pathway induce G2/M phase arrest, ultimately boosting radiation sensitivity via the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway.
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO MUNICÍPIO DE MORRO REDONDO-RS: EXPERIÊNCIAS COM O PROJETO QUINTAIS ORGÂNICOS DE FRUTAS
Authors: Wiegand Paulo Sergio , Caetano Costa Maria Regina , Pires de Oliveira Rérinton Joabél , Sanches Suzuki Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi 
Published: February 2025

O presente estudo é parte do trabalho de conclusão de curso em Geografia (Licenciatura) do primeiro autor, que teve como objetivos caracterizar o Projeto Quintais Orgânicos de Frutas junto a agricultores familiares de Morro Redondo-RS e analisar os impactos do projeto na vida destes agricultores. Contou-se com uma pesquisa qualitativa, coletando informações de seis propriedades a partir de questões norteadoras. De acordo com os dados obtidos através da pesquisa de campo identificou-se a motivação dos envolvidos em cultivar seus quintais, associado com outras atividades de fonte de renda externa. Também constatou-se a potencialidade dos quintais orgânicos para produção de alimentos para o autoconsumo, bem como de pessoas ligadas aos beneficiários e comercialização do excedente, assim como os benefícios resultantes da atividade de cultivo nos mesmos, como o bem-estar, a intensificação da relação familiar.
Fibrous ginseng root biomass induces soil microbiome degradation by enriching ginseng pathogens
Authors: Xiao Shengyuan , Zhu Si-Heng , Li Yu-Ting , Baoyin Bate , Zhang Ming-Xiao , Zhang Lianxue , Li Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Root-mediated soil microbiome degeneration leads to diseases in plants, a process not fully understood, impeding effective management strategies. Ginseng, particularly vulnerable to replant disease, is an ideal subject for studying this phenomenon. Rhizodeposits are central to shaping the rhizospheric microbiome, among which root biomass is the most abundant yet often overlooked component. Our research focused on the impact of ginseng fibrous root biomass (GFR) on soil fungi filtration. We explored how GFR affects fungal populations in soils and in vitro, identifying a significant shift towards biomass-decomposing fungi, including ginseng pathogens. GFR-adding decreased 82.8% of ginseng seedling emergence. The pathogen Fusarium oxysporum increased up to 18.8-fold in abundance. The ethanol-insoluble residue of GFR was responsible for this fungal community alteration, mirroring GFR’s effects in pathogen enrichment and fungal community shaping. Certain GFR-enriched fungi prevented GFR-mediated changes in 53.9–68.4% of fungi. This research highlights a novel mechanism influencing rhizospheric microbiome evolution.
From the Dingo Fence to the Mechanical River
Authors: de Lima Edilson 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study proposes a hydraulic system to address water scarcity in arid regions by mimicking natural processes through advanced engineering. It collects water from diverse sources, channels it to reservoirs via pumps, and stores it in tanks on the high relief of Australian MacDonnell ranges, utilizing gravitational potential for distribution. Industrial piping creates artificial rivers to supply lakes and irrigate drought-affected areas. Considered analytical studies, fluid mechanics, energy optimization, and sustainability principles model water collection, storage, and distribution. Differential equations simulate water flow through complex terrains, accounting for pressure losses, friction, and gravity. The project employs Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to design, simulate, validate efficiency, and identify gaps. A cost-benefit analysis evaluates economic viability and socio-environmental impacts, highlighting benefits for communities, ecosystems, and agriculture. This scalable system aligns with UN sustainable water management goals, offering a replicable solution to global water scarcity in challenging environments.
Conformational Dynamics and Membrane Insertion Mechanism of B4GALNT1 in Ganglioside Synthesis
Authors: Deane Janet , Welland Jack , Barrow Henry , Stansfeld Phillip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are crucial membrane components involved in essential cellular pathways. Complex GSLs, known as gangliosides, are synthesised in the ER/Golgi by a series of glycosyltransferase enzymes. Imbalances in GSL metabolism can lead to severe diseases, often affecting the nervous system. B4GALNT1 is a key enzyme in the ganglioside synthetic pathway, synthesising complex gangliosides including GM2 and GD2 from GM3 and GD3. These products are precursors to the major brain gangliosides. Loss of B4GALNT1 function causes hereditary spastic paraplegia 26 (HSP26), while its overexpression is linked to cancers including childhood neuroblastoma. Here, we present crystal structures of the homodimeric B4GALNT1 enzyme demonstrating conformational changes upon binding of donor substrate ligands and product. These structures support a catalytic mechanism that involves dynamic remodelling of the substrate binding site during catalysis. We also demonstrate that processing of lipid substrates by B4GALNT1 is severely compromised when surface loops flanking the active site are mutated from hydrophobic residues to polar. Molecular dynamics simulations support that these loops can insert into the lipid bilayer explaining how B4GALNT1 accesses and processes lipid substrates. By combining structure prediction and molecular simulations we propose that this mechanism of dynamic membrane insertion is exploited by other, structurally distinct GSL synthesising enzymes.