bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apixaban
Authors: Münzel T. , Konstantinides S. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryApixaban is a potent reversible inhibitor of the activated human coagulation factor X. This new oral anticoagulant has favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmocodynamic properties which include a concentration-dependent anticoagulant effect, good oral bioavailability, balanced elimination and excretion, infrequent drug or food interactions, and the lack of liver toxicity. Apixaban has already completed a large part of its phase 3 clinical trial programme. In the ARISTOTLE study, which focused on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, apixaban showed a balanced efficacy and safety profile, being superior to warfarin both in the prevention of strokes and in the risk of causing major bleeding. A further trial related to this indication, AVERROES, demonstrated the clear superiority of apixaban compared to aspirin treatment. In the primary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism after orthopaedic surgery, apixaban successfully completed the ADVANCE study programme and was approved in Europe for patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement. The results of the AMPLIFY and AMPLIFY- EXT studies will soon show whether the inhibitor is also effective in the treatment and secondary prophylaxis after acute deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. On the other hand, the use of apixaban in the primary prophylaxis of venous thrombosis in hospitalised medical patients, and its administration on top of antiplatelet therapy to patients who have suffered an acute coronary syndrome, have not received support by the results of ADOPT and APPRAISE-II, respectively. In conclusion, on the basis of the available evidence, apixaban appears to be a valuable therapeutic option for the prevention of venous thrombosis and embolic stroke.
Utility of Glucose Transporter 1 in the Distinction of Benign and Malignant Thoracic and Abdominal Mesothelial Lesions
Authors: Lagana Stephen M. , Taub Robert N. , Borczuk Alain C. 
Published: June 2012

Context.—Malignant mesothelioma, of either peritoneum or pleura, is an uncommon cancer. The diagnosis is often difficult to make, in part because of the overlapping morphology of reactive and malignant mesothelial cells. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) is a glucose transporter typically found on erythrocytes, which is aberrantly expressed in various carcinomas. It has recently been reported as specific and sensitive in discriminating malignant pleural mesothelioma from reactive hyperplasia. The application of GLUT-1 staining in peritoneal mesothelioma has not been fully explored.Objective.—To determine if GLUT-1 staining is helpful in distinguishing abdominal mesotheliomas from benign, reactive mesothelial lesions and to further study its utility in the thorax.Design.—Tissue microarrays containing 135 abdominal malignant mesotheliomas and 30 malignant pleural mesotheliomas were stained with an antibody to GLUT-1, as were 56 reactive mesothelial lesions.Results.—The overall sensitivity and specificity for GLUT-1 in mesothelioma was 53% and 98%, respectively. The sensitivity in epithelioid malignant mesothelioma was 49% and in sarcomatoid/biphasic malignant mesothelioma, 66%. In the thorax, the sensitivity was 50% and in the abdomen it was 54%. The positive predictive value of GLUT-1 immunoreactivity was 98% and the negative predictive value was 40%.Conclusion.—Glucose transporter 1 staining of thoracic mesotheliomas showed high specificity but lower sensitivity than previously reported. Abdominal malignant mesotheliomas showed similar results. Because of low sensitivity, only positive staining is informative. In both sites, the utility of the stain was limited by nonspecific staining (eg, in necrotic areas) as well as bright labeling of erythrocytes and occasional lymphoid elements. Despite these limitations, GLUT-1 can help differentiate malignant mesothelioma from reactive benign mesothelium.
Nonneoplastic Lesions of the Prostate and Bladder
Authors: Harik Lara Rabih , O'Toole Kathleen Mary 
Published: June 2012

Context.—Specimens from the prostate and bladder are commonly encountered by the general surgical pathologist. Emphasis is usually placed on neoplasms of the bladder and prostate, particularly if malignant, owing to their therapeutic consequences. A good command of benign lesions occurring in the bladder and prostate, and knowledge of their preneoplastic potential will help pathologists confidently diagnose malignancy versus its benign mimickers and guide the urologists in choosing the appropriate therapy and follow-up for the patient.Objective.—To present a mixture of benign entities, and discuss their histologic and clinical characteristics, hoping to provide a practical review for the general surgical pathologist.Data Sources.—An extensive review of the literature on the entities discussed was performed.Conclusions.—A wide variety of benign entities are present in the prostate and bladder. Benign lesions in the prostate can be age related, such as prostatic atrophy and benign prostatic hyperplasia; transition zone associated, such as basal cell hyperplasia, adenosis, and sclerosing adenosis; or prostatic urethra associated. Benign lesions of the bladder encompass a wide variety of reactive changes that can occur in the urothelium, as well as hyperplastic lesions or reactive proliferations that could be misdiagnosed as malignant. The bladder responds to chronic irritation through several reactive/metaplastic lesions such as cystitis cystica/glandularis, keratinizing squamous metaplasia, or nephrogenic metaplasia. The urothelium can also give rise to hyperplastic/proliferative lesions, in particular von Brunn nest hyperplasia, papillary polypoid cystitis, and pseudocarcinomatous proliferation, which should be distinguished from malignant processes. Ectopic tissue, such as prostatic or mullerian, can also be seen.
Bias of Script‐Driven Processing on Eyewitness Memory in Young and Older Adults
Authors: García‐Bajos Elvira , Migueles Malen , Aizpurua Alaitz 
Published: June 2012

SummaryWe investigated the effects of script‐driven processing on eyewitness memory in young (aged 19 to 27) and older (aged 57 to 73) adults. Participants viewed a bank robbery video including high‐typicality and low‐typicality actions to examine the effects of the bank robbery script on recall and on immediate and 1‐week recognition. There were no differences between young and older adults in recalling high‐typicality actions, but recall of low‐typicality actions was poorer for older adults. In recognition, participants produced more hits and false alarms, adopted a more lenient response bias, and exhibited greater confidence for high‐typicality than low‐typicality actions, showing the script‐driven processing of the event, even in the long term, because the recognition interval only deteriorated performance for low‐typicality contents. Older adults had a higher proportion of false alarms, more lenient response bias, and higher confidence than younger adults, showing that bias of script‐driven processing is more evident in the elderly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Sensing Applications
Authors: Vigderman Leonid , Khanal Bishnu P. , Zubarev Eugene R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGold nanorods have received much attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties which are dependent on their shape, size, and aspect ratio. This article covers in detail the synthesis, functionalization, self‐assembly, and sensing applications of gold nanorods. The synthesis of three major types of rods is discussed: single‐crystalline and pentahedrally‐twinned rods, which are synthesized by wet chemistry methods, and polycrystalline rods, which are synthesized by templated deposition. Functionalization of these rods is usually necessary for their applications, but can often be problematic due to their surfactant coating. Thus, general strategies are provided for the covalent and noncovalent functionalization of gold nanorods. The review will then examine the significant progress that has been made in controllable assembly of nanorods into various arrangements. This assembly can have a large effect on measurable properties of rods, making it particularly applicable towards sensing of a variety of analytes. Other types of sensing not dependent on nanorod assembly, such as refractive‐index based sensing, are also discussed.
A Novel Process Control Methodology Based on the PVT Behavior of Polymer for Injection Molding
Authors: Wang Jian , Mao Qianchao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBased on the PVT (pressure–volume–temperature) behavior of polymer, a novel process control methodology for injection molding is presented in this study. With the present control method, the process pressure is controlled by cavity temperature instead of time, which is used in a conventional injection‐molding process; thus the relationship between P (pressure) and T (temperature) can be controlled, which means that the V (volume) or part weight can be controlled because of the invariable PVT relationship of polymer. The objective of this study is to validate the feasibility of this process control methodology and examine its consistency. Experiments were conducted on an injection‐molding machine with an opened‐loop microprocessor controller. The weight of the molded parts serves as the main measure to probe the process capabilities. The variation of the mold temperature was monitored. The experimental results reveal that the present PVT control method yields much better part quality and uniform part weight than the conventional P–time (pressure–time) control method. It is also proved that the novel process control methodology can be used to accommodate the product weight change due to variation of the melt or mold temperature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E474–E485, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21294
Hypoalbuminemia is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Komrokji Rami S. , Corrales‐Yepez Maria , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Al Ali Najla H. , Padron Eric , Rollison Dana E. , Pinilla‐Ibarz Javier , Zhang Ling , Epling‐Burnette Pearlie K. , Lancet Jeffrey E. , List Alan F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe hypothesized that hypoalbuminemia is an independent prognostic factor in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We analyzed records of 767 patients treated at Moffitt Cancer Center between January 2001 and December 2009 to evaluate the relationship between serum albumin (SA) at the time of presentation and overall survival (OS). Patients (median age of 69 years) were stratified into three groups based on SA concentration (≤3.5, 3.6–4.0, and >4.0 g/dL). Two‐thirds of the patients had low or intermediate‐1 International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)‐based risk for MDS. Median OS by SA concentration of ≤3.5, 3.6–4.0, and >4.0 g/dL was 11, 23, and 34 months, respectively (P < 0.005), whereas rate of acute myeloid leukemia progression was highest in patients with low SA (≤3.5 g/dL). The SA level offered prognostic discrimination for outcomes within the lower and higher IPSS risk groups, as well as with the MD Anderson risk model. In multivariable analysis, SA was a significant independent co‐variate for OS after adjustment for IPSS, age, serum ferritin, and transfusion dependence (hazard ratio = 0.8; 95% CI 0.6–0.9; P = 0.004). Our findings indicate that hypoalbuminemia is an independent prognostic biomarker that may serve as a surrogate representative of disease biology or comorbidities in patients with MDS. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct and simultaneous determination of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid and porphobilinogen in urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Benton Christopher M. , Couchman Lewis , Marsden Joanne T. , Rees David C. , Moniz Caje , Lim Chang Kee 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTUrinary concentrations of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) are elevated in patients with acute hepatic porphyrias, especially during acute attacks. Current assays require lengthy sample pre‐treatment and derivatisation steps. We report here a rapid, sensitive and specific hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method, for the direct and simultaneous quantitation of ALA and PBG in urine following simple dilution with acetonitrile and centrifugation prior to injection. ALA and PBG were detected using selected reaction monitoring mode, following positive electrospray ionisation. Urine samples (N = 46) from active and latent mutation‐confirmed acute hepatic porphyria patients and normal subjects (N = 45) were analysed and the results compared with those of a commercially available spectrophotometric method. The validated calibration range was 3–3000 µmol/L for ALA and 2–2000 µmol/L for PBG. For both analytes, imprecision (relative standard deviation) was less than 5% and accuracy (percentage nominal concentrations) was between 88 and 109%. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 μmol/L for both analytes. The calculated LC‐MS/MS and spectrophotometric results from patient samples compared well [Pearson correlation (r2) of 0.99 and 0.95, for ALA and PBG, respectively]. The method was successfully applied to the measurement of ALA and PBG in urine samples for the screening, biochemical diagnosis and treatment monitoring of patients with acute hepatic porphyrias. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of clinical outcomes related to early discharge after elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Muthusamy Purushothaman , Busman Denise K. , Davis Alan T. , Wohns David H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess clinical outcomes of same‐day discharge (SDD) patients after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundAn overnight stay after PCI has been the standard approach in the majority of institutions. Data supporting SDD while maintaining patient safety, based on contemporary United States practice, have not been well established.MethodsUsing institutional pre‐, peri‐, and post‐procedural guidelines, short‐term clinical outcomes of 200 consecutive patients discharged on the same day after elective PCI were prospectively studied. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), access site and vascular complications, readmissions, and emergency room (ER) visits were assessed within 24 hrs and at 7‐day post‐SDD. MACE included cerebral vascular accidents, death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, pulmonary embolism, and emergent coronary artery bypass grafting.ResultsThe mean age of the population was 63.2 years; 75% were males. Of 200 patients, 75.5% were accessed femorally and 24.5% had radial access. Intra‐procedural anticoagulation included bivalirudin alone (47%), bivalirudin with glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors (3.5%), heparin alone (37%), and heparin with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors (12.5%). No major bleeding or MACE was reported within 24 hrs or at 7 days. Within 7 days, 8 (4%) patients experienced minor bleeding, 4 (2%) were readmitted, and 3 (1.5%) had ER visits only. Pseudoaneurysm occurred in 1 (0.5%) patient.ConclusionsOur institution‐specific guidelines identify low‐risk PCI patients who can be safely considered candidates for SDD with virtually no short‐term adverse consequences. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Isolation, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Holmium‐Based Mixed‐Metal Nitride Clusterfullerenes: HoxSc3−xN@C80 (x=1, 2)
Authors: Zhang Yang , Popov Alexey A. , Schiemenz Sandra , Dunsch Lothar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe synthesis, isolation and spectroscopic characterization of holmium‐based mixed metal nitride clusterfullerenes HoxSc3−xN@C80 (x=1, 2) are reported. Two isomers of HoxSc3−xN@C80 (x=1, 2) were synthesized by the reactive gas atmosphere method and isolated by multistep recycling HPLC. The isomeric structures of HoxSc3−xN@C80 (x=1, 2) were characterized by laser‐desorption time‐of‐flight (LD‐TOF) mass spectrometry and UV/Vis/NIR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. A comparative study of MxSc3−xN@C80 (M=Gd, Dy, Lu, Ho) demonstrates the dependence of their electronic and vibrational properties on the encaged metal. Despite the distinct perturbation induced by 4f10 electrons, we report the first paramagnetic 13C NMR study on HoxSc3−xN@C80 (I; x=1, 2) and confirm Ih‐symmetric cage structure. A 45Sc NMR study on HoSc2N@C80 (I, II) revealed a temperature‐dependent chemical shift in the temperature range of 268–308 K.
Mg/Ca Partitioning Between Aqueous Solution and Aragonite Mineral: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Ruiz‐Hernandez Sergio E. , Grau‐Crespo Ricardo , Almora‐Barrios Neyvis , Wolthers Mariëtte , Ruiz‐Salvador A. Rabdel , Fernandez Nestor , de Leeuw Nora H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe have calculated the concentrations of Mg in the bulk and surfaces of aragonite CaCO3 in equilibrium with aqueous solution, based on molecular dynamics simulations and grand‐canonical statistical mechanics. Mg is incorporated in the surfaces, in particular in the (001) terraces, rather than in the bulk of aragonite particles. However, the total Mg content in the bulk and surface of aragonite particles was found to be too small to account for the measured Mg/Ca ratios in corals. We therefore argue that most Mg in corals is either highly metastable in the aragonite lattice, or is located outside the aragonite phase of the coral skeleton, and we discuss the implications of this finding for Mg/Ca paleothermometry.
Chemische Untersuchungen mit Mitteln der Akustik – Einsatz im Chemieunterricht
Authors: Aristov Natasha , Habekost Achim 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDas Kundt’sche Rohr wurde im 19. Jahrhundert dazu benutzt, um Schallgeschwindigkeiten in verschiedenen Medien zu messen. Im Physikunterricht wurde es verwendet, um die Schallgeschwindigkeit in Luft zu messen und in die Theorie der stehenden Wellen einzuführen. In diesem Artikel nun werden chemische und physikochemische Experimente vorgestellt, mit deren Hilfe z. B. Gase und binäre Gasmischungen identifiziert werden. Grundlage hierfür ist die Abhängigkeit der Resonanzfrequenz vom Adiabatenexponenten sowie von der molaren Masse des Gases bei konstanter Temperatur. Aufgrund dieser Abhängigkeit ist es auch möglich, die chemische Kinetik von Reaktionen zu verfolgen, bei denen Gase entstehen (oder verbraucht werden). Neben der Resonanzfrequenz kann auch die Laufzeit eines Schallimpulses von der Schallquelle zum Empfänger als Charakteristikum für das entsprechende Gas/die Gasmischung verwendet werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass aus einer Gasmischung aus Kohlenstoffdioxid und Methan das CO2 stärker („selektiv“) von Aktivkohle adsorbiert wird. Abschließend werden Ergebnisse zur Ultraschallmessung in verschiedenen Flüssigkeiten vorgestellt.
Gastroenteric neuroendocrine neoplasms classification: Comparison of prognostic models
Authors: Dolcetta‐Capuzzo Anna , Villa Valentina , Albarello Luca , Franchi Giulia M. , Gemma Marco , Scavini Marina , Di Palo Saverio , Orsenigo Elena , Bosi Emanuele , Doglioni Claudio , Manzoni Marco F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Gastroenteric neuroendocrine neoplasms (GE‐NENs) display highly variable clinical behavior. In an attempt to assess a better prognostic description, in 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated its previous classification, and the European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society (ENETS) proposed a new grading and TNM‐based staging system. In the current study, the authors evaluated the prognostic significance of these models and compared their efficacy in describing patients' long‐term survival to assess the best prognostic model currently available for clinicians.METHODS:The study cohort was composed of 145 patients with extrapancreatic GE‐NEN who were observed from 1986 to 2008 at a single center and were classified according to the WHO and ENETS classifications. Survival evaluations were performed using Kaplan‐Meyer analyses on 131 patients. Only deaths from neoplasia were considered. A P value < .05 was considered significant. Prognostic efficacy was assessed by determining the Harrell concordance index (c‐index).RESULTS:Both the 2010 WHO and the ENETS classification were able to efficiently divide patients into classes with different prognoses. According to the model comparison, the ENETS TNM‐based staging system appeared to be the strongest. All combined models were effective prognostic predictors, but the model that included the 2010 WHO classification plus ENETS staging had a higher c‐index.CONCLUSIONS:Both the 2010 WHO classification and the ENETS staging system are valid instruments for GE‐NENs prognostic assessment, with TNM‐based stage appearing to be the best available choice for clinicians, both alone and in association with other classifications. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Distribution of a Y1 receptor mRNA in the brain of two lamprey species, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis)
Authors: Pérez‐Fernández Juan , Megías Manuel , Pombal Manuel A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe neuropeptide Y system consists of several neuropeptides acting through a broad number of receptor subtypes, the NPY family of receptors. NPY receptors are divided into three subfamilies (Y1, Y2, and Y5) that display a complex evolutionary history due to local and large‐scale gene duplication events and gene losses. Lampreys emerged from a basal branch of the tree of vertebrates and they are in a key position to shed light on the evolutionary history of the NPY system. One member of the Y1 subfamily has been reported in agnathans, but the phylogenetic tree of the Y1 subfamily is not yet clear. We cloned the sequences of the Y1‐subtype receptor of Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra fluviatilis to study the expression pattern of this receptor in lampreys by in situ hybridization and to analyze the phylogeny of the Y1‐subfamily receptors in vertebrates. The phylogenetic study showed that the Y1 receptor of lampreys is basal to the Y1/6 branch of the Y1‐subfamily receptors. In situ hybridization showed that the Y1 receptor is widely expressed throughout the brain of lampreys, with some regions showing numerous positive neurons, as well as the presence of numerous cerebrospinal fluid–contacting cells in the spinal cord. This broad distribution of the lamprey Y1 receptor is more similar to that found in other vertebrates for the Y1 receptor than that of the other members of the Y1 subfamily: Y4, Y8, and Y6 receptors. Both phylogenetic relationship and expression pattern suggest that this receptor is a Y1 receptor. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:426–447, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.