bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of Surgical Care in the Incarcerated Population: Identifying Knowledge Gaps for Future Research
Authors: Dhimal Totadri , Cupertino Paula , Ghaffar Aqsa , Li Yue , Cai Xueya , Soto Cristopher , Ramaswamy Megha , Herdman Bruce W. , Fleming Fergal J. , Loria Anthony 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
This study, examining literature up to December 2023, aims to comprehensively assess surgical care for incarcerated individuals, identifying crucial knowledge gaps for informing future health services research and interventions.

Background:
The US prison system detains around 2 million individuals, mainly young, indigent males from ethnic and racial minorities. The constitutional right to healthcare does not protect this population from unique health challenges and disparities. The scarcity of literature on surgical care necessitates a systematic review to stimulate research, improve care quality, and address health issues within this marginalized community.

Methods:
A systematic review, pre-registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023454782), involved searches in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Original research on surgical care for incarcerated individuals was included, excluding case reports/series (<10 patients), abstracts, and studies involving prisoners of war, plastic surgeries for recidivism reduction, transplants using organs from incarcerated individuals, and nonconsensual surgical sterilization.

Results:
Out of 8209 studies screened, 118 met inclusion criteria, with 17 studies from 16 distinct cohorts reporting on surgical care. Predominantly focusing on orthopedic surgeries, supplemented by studies in emergency general, burns, ophthalmology, and kidney transplantation, the review identified delayed hospital presentations, a high incidence of complex cases, and low postoperative follow-up rates. Notable complications, such as nonfusion and postarthroplasty infections, were more prevalent in incarcerated individuals compared with nonincarcerated individuals. Trauma-related mortality rates were similar, despite lower intraabdominal injuries following penetrating abdominal injuries in incarcerated patients.

Conclusion:
While some evidence suggests inferior surgical care in incarcerated patients, the limited quality of available studies underscores the urgency of addressing knowledge gaps through future research. This is crucial for patients, clinicians, and policymakers aiming to enhance care quality for a population at risk of surgical complications during incarceration and postrelease.
Histological Outcomes of Pharmacological Interventions in Eosinophilic Esophagitis for Adults and Children
Authors: Aziz Muhammad , Haghbin* Hossein , Gangwani Manesh K. , Fatima Rawish , Sohail Amir H. , Ali Hassam , Alyousif Zakaria A. , Dahiya Dushyant S. , Lee-Smith Wade , Beran Azizullah , Kamal Faisal , Nawras Ali 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Multiple pharmacological interventions have been studied for managing eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We performed a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trials (RCT) to assess the efficacy and safety of these interventions in EoE in adults and children.

Methods:
We performed a comprehensive review of Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE OVID, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science through May 10, 2023. We performed frequentist approach network meta-analysis using random effects model. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI for dichotomous outcomes.

Results:
Our search yielded 25 RCTs with 25 discrete interventions and 2067 patients. Compared with placebo, the following interventions improved histology (using study definitions) in decreasing order on ranking: orodispersible budesonide (ODB) low dose, ODB high dose, oral viscous budesonide (OVB) high dose, fluticasone tablet 1.5 mg twice daily, fluticasone 3 mg twice daily, esomeprazole, dupilumab every 2 weeks, dupilumab weekly, OVB medium dose, fluticasone 3 mg daily, cendakimab 180 mg, prednisone, swallowed fluticasone, fluticasone tablet 1.5 mg daily, OVB low dose, reslizumab 3 mg/kg, reslizumab 1 mg/kg, and reslizumab 2 mg/kg.

Conclusions:
Network meta-analysis demonstrates histological efficacy of multiple medications for EoE. Because of the heterogeneity and large effect size, we recommend more trials comparing pharmacotherapeutic interventions with each other and placebo. An important limitation of this study is absence of clinical efficacy data due to insufficient data. Other limitations include heterogeneity of operator, population, and outcome analysis.
Cost-effectiveness of medication therapy management among Medicare population and across racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Tsang Chi Chun Steve , Wang Junling , Shih Ya-Chen Tina 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Inappropriate medication utilization among older adults is a pressing concern in the United States, owing to its high prevalence and the consequential detrimental impact it engenders. The adverse effects stemming from the inappropriate use of medication may be unequally borne by racial/ethnic minority populations, calling for greater efforts towards promoting equity in healthcare. The study objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services among Medicare beneficiaries and across racial/ethnic groups.

Methods:
Medicare administrative data from 2016 to 2017 linked to Area Health Resources Files were used to analyze Medicare fee-for-service patients aged 65 or above with continuous Parts A/B/D coverage. The intervention group included new MTM enrollees in 2017; the control group referred to patients who met the general MTM eligible criteria but did not enroll in 2016 or 2017. The 2 groups were matched using a propensity score method. Effectiveness was evaluated as the proportion of appropriate medication utilization based on performance measures developed by the Pharmacy Quality Alliance. Costs were computed as total healthcare costs from Medicare perspective. A multivariable net benefit regressions with a classic linear model and Bayesian analysis were utilized. Net benefit was calculated based on willingness-to-pay thresholds at various multiples of the gross domestic product in 2017. Three-way interaction terms among dummy variables for MTM enrollment, 2017, and racial/ethnic minority groups were incorporated in a difference-in-differences study design.

Results:
After adjusting for patient characteristics, the findings indicate that MTM receipt was associated with incremental net benefit among each race and ethnicity. For instance, the net benefit of MTM among the non-Hispanic White patients was $2498 (95% confidence interval = $1609, $3386) at a willingness-to-pay value of $59,908. The study found no significant difference in net benefits for MTM services between minority and White patients.

Conclusion:
The study provides evidence that MTM is a cost-effective tool for managing medication utilization among the Medicare population. However, MTM may not be cost-effective in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in medication utilization in the short term. Further research is needed to understand the long-term cost-effectiveness of MTM on racial/ethnic disparities.
The effect of massage on patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jingnan , Piao Feng , Zeng Qiaoqiao , Yan Huixin , Bi Yunpeng , Zhang Shaobo , Song Bailin 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a long-term and complex chronic disease that seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients. Massage, as one of the methods in traditional Chinese medicine, can treat both symptoms and root causes and is widely used to treat CFS. The main purpose is to systematically evaluate the impact of massage therapy on the efficacy and safety of CFS patients, providing a reference for clinical practice.

Methods:
By searching for literature published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database until November 2023, randomized controlled trial studies were selected according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochrane system evaluation manual was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and RevMan5.4 software was used for meta-analysis.

Results:
32 randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 2594 CFS patients. Meta-analysis showed that the total score of the fatigue scale (FS-14) in the treatment group, MD = −1.59, 95% CI (−1.84, −1.34), P < .00001; Physical fatigue score, MD = −1.30, 95% CI (−1.60, −1.00), P < .00001; Mental fatigue score, MD = −0.84, 95% CI (−0.99, −0.72), P < .0001]; Effective rate [RR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.19,1.28), P < .00001]; all indicators were superior to the control group, Only one study reported adverse reactions, including local swelling, skin bruising, and nausea.

Conclusion:
Our research findings suggest that massage therapy has a significant therapeutic effect on CFS, avoiding adverse reactions and improving fatigue symptoms. Therefore, massage therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome should be further promoted and applied.
Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy versus with targeted monotherapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Jingwen , Zhao Yi , Zhai Lin , Zhou Jingxu 
Published: May 2024

Background and objective:
The application of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in combination with targeted therapy and immunotherapy (TACE-T-I) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has gained increasing attention. However, there are variations in the efficacy and safety outcomes between TACE-T-I versus TACE combined with targeted drugs (TACE-T). This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of TACE-T-I versus TACE-T in unresectable HCC.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to August 21, 2023, for comparative studies on TACE-T-I versus TACE-T for unresectable HCC. Outcome measures included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). OS was the primary outcome of this study. Weighted mean difference (WMD) or hazard ratio (HR) was used as the pooled statistic for OS and PFS. Relative risk (RR) was employed as the pooled statistic for ORR, DCR and the incidence of TRAEs. And 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for all effect measures. Data analysis was conducted using Stata 14.0 software.

Results:
The meta-analysis included 14 studies with 2144 patients. The pooled results showed that compared with patients in the TACE-T group, patients in the TACE-T-I group had higher ORR (RR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.38–1.89) and DCR (RR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.09–1.26). Patients in the TACE-T-I group experienced prolonged PFS (WMD = 3.08; 95%CI: 2.63–3.53) and OS (WMD = 5.76; 95%CI: 4.68–6.84). And the risk of disease progression (HR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.37–0.55) and death (HR = 0.43; 95%CI: 0.38–0.49) was lower in the TACE-T-I group. Common TRAEs included fever, pain, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, elevated ALT, elevated AST, hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, proteinuria, and diarrhea. The incidence and severity of TRAEs in the TACE-T-I group were similar to those in the TACE-T group, with no significant differences (P > .05).

Conclusion:
Current evidence suggests that, on the basis of TACE combined with targeted therapy, the addition of immunotherapy provides better clinical efficacy and survival benefits for unresectable HCC patients, with good tolerability.
Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index and clinical outcomes among peritoneal dialysis patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Renjie , Liang Yuxiang , Jiang Jiaojiao 
Published: May 2024

Background:
To identify the relationship between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and clinical outcomes in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods:
The PubMed, EBASE, Web of Science and CNKI databases were searched for available studies up to December 25, 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included the incidence of PD dropout, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), technique failure and peritonitis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to evaluate the predictive value of the GNRI for the occurrence of the above endpoints.

Results:
Ten cohort studies with 3897 patients were included. The pooled results demonstrated that a lower GNRI was significantly associated with a greater incidence of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55–0.91; P = .007). In addition, a decreased GNRI predicted the occurrence of dropout from PD (HR = 0.971, 95% CI: 0.945–0.998, P = .034) and MACCE (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98, P = .001). However, no significant associations of the GNRI with technique failure (P = .167) or peritonitis (P = .96) were observed.

Conclusion:
A low GNRI is significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and might serve as a novel and valuable prognostic indicator among PD patients.
Rare genetic disorders that impair parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, or bioactivity provide insights into the diagnostic utility of different parathyroid hormone assays
Authors: Höppner Jakob , Jüppner Harald 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the major peptide hormone regulator of blood calcium homeostasis. Abnormal PTH levels can be observed in patients with various congenital and acquired disorders, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review will focus on rare human diseases caused by PTH mutations that have provided insights into the regulation of PTH synthesis and secretion as well as the diagnostic utility of different PTH assays.

Recent findings
Over the past years, numerous diseases affecting calcium and phosphate homeostasis have been defined at the molecular level that are responsible for reduced or increased serum PTH levels. The underlying genetic mutations impair parathyroid gland development, involve the PTH gene itself, or alter function of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) or its downstream signaling partners that contribute to regulation of PTH synthesis or secretion. Mutations in the pre sequence of the mature PTH peptide can, for instance, impair hormone synthesis or intracellular processing, while amino acid substitutions affecting the secreted PTH(1–84) impair PTH receptor (PTH1R) activation, or cause defective cleavage of the pro-sequence and thus secretion of a pro- PTH with much reduced biological activity. Mutations affecting the secreted hormone can alter detection by different PTH assays, thus requiring detailed knowledge of the utilized diagnostic test.

Summary
Rare diseases affecting PTH synthesis and secretion have offered helpful insights into parathyroid biology and the diagnostic utility of commonly used PTH assays, which may have implications for the interpretation of PTH measurements in more common disorders such as CKD.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Preventing Infection Among Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Suwan Natthawan , Kasatpibal Nongyao , Viseskul Nongkran 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Oncology patients receiving chemotherapy are at a high risk for developing infections. Identifying factors that predict infection practices among these patients can help improve the quality of care provided.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to infection prevention in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 170 patients with cancer.

Results:
The majority of participants had a low to moderate level of knowledge, with high levels of attitude and practice related to infection prevention. Knowledge was a significant predictor of attitude and practice, while attitude was a predictor of infection prevention practices. Knowledge and attitude emerged as mutual predictors, which could explain 23% of the variation in practice toward infection prevention (R
2 = 0.230, P = .00).

Conclusions:
Findings indicated that both knowledge and attitude were powerful predictors of practice toward infection prevention.
Weak Correlation Between Perceived and Measured Intensive Care Unit Nursing Workload
Authors: Wallet Florent , Bonnet Audrey , Thiriaud Vincent , Caillet Anaelle , Piriou Vincent , Vacheron Charles-Hervé , Friggeri Arnaud , Dziadzko Mikhail 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Efficient management of nursing workload in the intensive care unit (ICU) is essential for patient safety, care quality, and nurse well-being. Current ICU-specific workload assessment scores lack comprehensive coverage of nursing activities and perceived workload.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between ICU nurses’ perceived workload and the Nine Equivalents of Nursing Manpower Use Score (NEMS).

Methods:
In a 45-bed adult ICU at a tertiary academic hospital, nurses’ perceived shift workload (measured with an 11-point Likert scale) was correlated with the NEMS, calculated manually and electronically.

Results:
The study included 1734 observations. The perceived workload was recorded for 77.6% of observations. A weak positive correlation was found between perceived and objectively measured workload.

Conclusion:
Findings indicate a need to consider the multifaceted nature of nursing activities and individual workload perceptions in the ICU.
Pediatric Clinical Staff Perspectives on Secure Messaging
Authors: Taylor Pearson Katherine E. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Secure messaging (SM) is a communication feature within a patient portal that allows patients and clinical staff to exchange health-related information securely and confidentially.

Purpose:
This study aimed to explore how pediatric clinical staff use SM, identify challenges in its implementation, and suggest quality improvements.

Methods:
A descriptive quantitative study was administered using an online survey in a large health care system. The Task, User, Representation, and Function framework guided the research.

Results:
The survey participants were moderately satisfied with the SM. Opportunities to design this system to be more efficient and maximize patient safety were identified.

Conclusion:
Improving training and workflow can aid in incorporating SM into clinician’s daily routines, focusing on enhancing user satisfaction. Future developments aimed at increasing usage and standardizing message content are crucial for encouraging adoption and ensuring patient safety.
Attachment, Mentalization, Emotion Dysregulation, and Empathy in Eating Disorders
Authors: Gagliardini Giulia , Pandolfi Guia , Colli Antonello 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) represent a wide range of clinical symptoms related to food intake, body image, and weight issues, and include anorexia nervosa–restricting type (AN-R), anorexia nervosa–binge-purge type (AN-BP), and bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim was to investigate the characteristics of attachment, mentalization, emotion dysregulation, and empathy in a sample of 102 patients with EDs. A sample of 102 patients and therapists completed a series of measures for the assessment of ED pathology, mentalization, empathy, and emotion dysregulation. Pearson correlations and analysis of variance were used to test the characteristics of the variables among the groups. In relation to attachment and emotion dysregulation, no significant differences were found. In relation to mentalization, significant difference in good mentalization was found in AN-R subtype compared with the BN subtype. In relation to empathy, results showed significantly lower scores in BN subtype on affective empathy compared with the AN-BP subtype, and in AN-R subtype on cognitive empathy. Finally, we used Z-scores for each item ranked by value (higher to lower) to develop different clinical prototypes for each group. Our results point toward the clinical need to address the assessed variables, specifically mentalization, emotion dysregulation, and empathy, in the diagnosis and treatment of EDs.
Geriatric proximal femur fracture updates
Authors: Giordano Vincenzo , Woolley Pierre Marie , Heetveld Martin J. , Smith Carla S. , de Ridder Victor 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Proximal femur fractures in the aging population present a variety of challenges. Physiologically, patients incurring this fracture are typically frail, with significant medical comorbidities, yet require early surgical treatment to restore mobility to prevent deterioration. Socioeconomically, the occurrence of a fragility fracture may be the beginning of the loss of independence, and the burdens of rehabilitation and support are borne by the individual patient and health care systems.
3-Nitropropionic acid induces histological and behavioral alterations in adult zebrafish: role of antioxidants on behavioral dysfunction
Authors: Wiprich Melissa Talita , Vasques Rafaela da Rosa , Zaluski Amanda Bungi , Bertoncello Kanandra Taisa , Altenhofen Stefani , Gusso Darlan , Rodrigues Gabriel , Sachett Adrieli , Piato Ângelo , Maito Fabio Luiz Dal Moro , Vianna Monica Ryff Moreira , Bonan Carla Denise 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease marked by progressive motor and non-motor symptoms such as neuropsychiatric disruption and cognitive dysfunction. It has been reported that some pathogenic mechanisms resulting in neuronal cell death in this disease involve neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), a natural toxin that promotes the irreversible suppression of mitochondrial complex II, has been used to understand the HD pathogenesis. This neurotoxin mimics the biochemical, central neurodegeneration, peripheral and behavioral phenotype alterations observed in HD. Here we investigated 3-NPA (60 mg/kg) effects on histological and oxidative stress parameters on brain and muscular tissues. We also evaluated the effects of three antioxidant compounds on 3-NPA-induced behavioral phenotypes in adult zebrafish. For the evaluation of the antioxidant effects, adult zebrafish were submitted to a single acute intraperitoneal injection of vitamin C, creatine, or melatonin following 3-NPA chronic administration (60 mg/kg). 3-NPA treatment caused neurodegeneration, but did not alter the muscular tissue. 3-NPA neither change thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) nor nonprotein thiol levels. Vitamin C and creatine treatments recovered the hypolocomotion induced by 3-NPA. Also, vitamin C and melatonin treatments improved the memory dysfunction caused by 3-NPA. Altogether, our findings showed that the 3-NPA induces neurodegeneration in adult zebrafish, and the vitamin C, creatine, and melatonin are beneficial in managing HD-like behavioral phenotypes. Thus, these antioxidants could be thought as complementary pharmacotherapies for the treatment of late-stage HD symptoms.
Transplantation of exogenous mitochondria mitigates myocardial dysfunction after cardiac arrest
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhu Jie , Xu Mengda , Ma Xuyuan , Shen Maozheng , Yan Jingyu , Gan Guosheng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe incidence of post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction (PAMD) is high, and there is currently no effective treatment available. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of exogenous mitochondrial transplantation. Exogenous mitochondrial transplantation can enhance myocardial function and improve the survival rate. Mechanistic studies suggest that mitochondrial transplantation can limit impairment in mitochondrial morphology, augment the activity of mitochondrial complexes II and IV, and raise ATP level. As well, mitochondrial therapy ameliorated oxidative stress imbalance, reduced myocardial injury, and thus improved PAMD after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).