bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Droimchogaidh sill, Connacht, Ireland
Authors: Mohr P. , Mussett A. E. , Kennan P. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Droimchogaidh sill, south‐central Mayo, is sheeted at high‐level in the Ordovician sedimentary pile of the South Mayo Trough. This association now lies raised on the eastern fringe of the Connemara‐Murrisk Tertiary uplift. The sill is basin‐shaped with a maximum thickness of about 100 m. It is composed of isotropic or weakly layered olivine gabbro, and subordinate, locally‐developed picritic cumulates and syenitic differentiates. The chemistry of the gabbro reveals the effects of post‐emplacement hydrothermal circulation, but the magma that supplied the sill was probably similar in composition to that of the analcime‐olivine dolerite dikes further west. The 40Ar/30Ar dating gives an age of 55 ± 1 Ma for the sill, consistent with a younger set of ages from the Irish/British Tertiary province.
The significance of needle‐fibre calcite in a Lower Carboniferous palaeosol
Authors: Wright V. Paul 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNeedle‐fibre calcite occurs in association with root structures in a Lower Carboniferous calcrete crust. The origin of this form of calcite is discussed and the scattered literature from soil science, microbiology and geology is reviewed. It is concluded that while needle‐fibre calcite is not diagnostic of any environment its origin is related to the activities of various micro‐organisms, especially fungi. The use of needle‐fibre calcite as a climatic indicator is reviewed and it is used, with other criteria, as evidence of fluctuating climates in the Lower Carboniferous.
The ordovician crinoid genus Caleidocrinus Waagen and Jahn, 1899
Authors: Donovan S. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractConfusion concerning the precise nature of the crinoid species Caleidocrinus multiramus is due to an erroneous description by Springer which was based on two specimens which were not types. The genus Caleidocrinus is unusual amongst inadunates in having interbrachial plates. The two recognized species are assigned to separate subgenera. C. multiramus, the type species, is assigned to Caleidocrinus s. s. subgen. nov, and has tall, shield‐like radials, concealed basals, and brachials with unsculptured latera. C. turgidulus has broad radial plates supported by triangular basals and brachials with lateral depressions adjacent to plate sutures. It is assigned to Hwcleyocrinus subgen. nov. C. barrandei is a synonym of C. multiramus. Ristnacrinus is probably closely related to this genus.
The taxonomic status of the trilobite Crotalocephalus Salter, 1853
Authors: Lane P. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt is argued that the type species of Crotalocephalus is C. pengellyi Salter, 1864. The type series and other material of this species is figured, and intraspecific variation of the taxon discussed. Cerauroides cannot be regarded as an objective synonym of Crotalocephalus as claimed by Přibyl and Vaněk 1980. Pilletopeltis is regarded as a junior subjective synonym of Crotalocephalus.Acknowledgements. This paper could not have been completed without the help of Mr R. V. Melville and Dr J. D. D. Smith, Professor M. R. House and Dr A. W. A. Rushton. I thank the curators of the British Geological Survey Museum (BGS GSM), the British Museum (Natural History) (BM) and the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge University (SM) for the loan of specimens. Dr R. M. Owens, Dr A, W. A. Rushton and Dr A. T. Thomas suggested improvements to an earlier draft of the manuscript.
Compound quartz and feldspar overgrowths from the Helsby Formation (Triassic) of Cheshire, northwest England
Authors: Macchi L , Veltkamp C. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA polycrystalline grain of granitic composition with compound feldspar and quartz overgrowths is described from the continental Helsby Sandstone Formation (Triassic; Sherwood Sandstone Group) of the Cheshire Basin, northwest England. Overgrown phases, as seen by thin section and scanning electron microscopy, are in crystallographic continuity with respective components of the host grain and have mutual relationships which indicate the quartz to be the later diagenetic phase. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) of the grain surface and of the earlier formed overgrowths indicates the feldspar to have a potassium aluminosilicate composition which is in accordance with the adularia‐habit crystal form of the authigenic phase.
The ordovician (caradoc) volcanic rocks of montgomery, Powys, N. Wales
Authors: Dixon R. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Ordovician (Caradoc, Soudleyan) rocks of Montgomery, Powys are shales interbedded with locally conglomeratic volcaniclastic sediments composed of andesitic detritus. New formal lithostratigraphic units are proposed: Montgomery Volcanic Group comprising in ascending order: Castle Hill Shale Formation, Castle Hill Conglomerate Formation and Quarry Sandstone and Shale Formation. The volcaniclastic strata are reinterpreted as deposits of a submarine volcaniclastic fan system sourced by contemporaneous andesitic island volcanism. The observed diagenetic sequence is typical of marine volcanic sandstones and was dominated by hydration reactions related to the degradation of abundant unstable volcanic detritus. Diagenesis has resulted in the virtual destruction of original porosity in the volcaniclastic rocks.
The Longmyndian Rocks of the Old Radnor Inlier, Welsh Borderland
Authors: Woodcock N. H. , Pauley J. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo formations are named in the presumed Precambrian sedimentary rocks of the Old Radnor Inlier. The Strinds Formation comprises fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstones and pebbly sandstones. Grain‐size, texture, clast types, and lithological invariance support correlation with the homogeneous and cross‐bedded sandstone facies of the Bayston‐Oakswood Formation of the Longmyndian, assigned to a braided alluvial plain environment. The Yat Wood Formation comprises fine‐grained sandstones, siltstones, and laminated mudstones. It may be equivalent to some part of the Burway, Synalds, or Lightspout Formation. The Strinds and Yat Wood Formations are petrographically similar to each other and to the type Lonmyndian, and were sourced either directly or indirectly from a magmatic arc.The Strinds and Yat Wood Formations are seen only in faulted contact, and the inlier itself is partly or wholly bounded by strands of the Church Stretton fault zone. Similar faulted relationships are seen further northeast along the system at Pedwardine and in the Church Stretton area. A fault explanation for the juxtaposition of contrasting facies is favoured over that of an original unconformity of Strinds on Yat Wood Formation.
Allocycles and Autocycles in the Upper Part of the Limestone Coal Group (Pendleian E1) in the Glasgow–Stirling Region of the Midland Valley of Scotland
Authors: Read W. A. , Forsyth I. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe upper part of the Limestone Coal Group (Pendleian E1), between the major marine transgressions of the Black Metals and the Index Limestone, represents an early example of ‘coal measures’ facies. It comprises a distal and a proximal facies association. The distal facies association, which was subject to relatively strong marine influences and included both deltaic and fluvial elements, is characterized by a regular ‘layer‐cake’ succession with laterally‐persistent lithological members. By contrast, the proximal association, which was more subject to fluvial influences and is typified by the variable Bannockburn Main Complex, is characterized by abrupt lateral changes in lithofacies.The distal facies association is dominant in the west of the Kilsyth Trough, but proximal facies intercalations increase eastwards, so that they constitute a fairly high proportion of the succession in the Kincardine Basin, particularly in areas of locally‐increased tectonic subsidence that were frequently occupied by major channel belts.Some of the sheet sandstones within the distal association have a lower, upward‐coarsening portion succeeded by a coarser‐grained, erosive‐based, upward‐fining portion. The resulting ‘two‐storey’ profile may reflect deltaic sand bodies having been suceeded by fluvial sand bodies, following a general fall in base level.Linear regression lines showing the relationship between the number of horizons colonized by vegetation and net subsidence, suggest that local autocyclic, tectonosedimentary processes, such as delta switching, channel migration, and avulsion, were superimposed upon a widespread allocyclic, probably glacial‐eustatic, process. The former processes were most effective within the proximal facies association and in the Kincardine Basin and the latter in the distal association and the Kilsyth Trough.
Sedimentation in a meandering gravel‐bed river: The River Tywi, South Wales
Authors: Smith Simon A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPrevious studies of meandering gravel‐bed rivers have illustrated a wide range of bar types. The River Tywi of South Wales shows that significant variations of accretionary style can also occur within a single river. There is a downstream decrease in the proportion of lateral bars to point bars and changes in the morphological characteristics of these point bars. Three types are recognized: simple, linguoid and multi‐unit point bars. Sedimentation on the concave sides of meander bends is locally important. The changes of bar type are accompanied by different styles of channel behaviour.The River Tywi is interpreted to have deposited multilateral gravel sheets, composed of partially reworked and abandoned bars and dissected by palaeochannels and sloughs. Bar deposits consist of parallel‐bedded gravel, inclined laterally‐accreted gravel, local angle‐of‐repose foresets and inclined lenses of heterolithic beds. The proportion of the various sedimentary structures and the geometry of the abandoned bars varies along the Tywi valley because of the patterns of bar distribution and channel behaviour.The deposits of this river have strong affinities with Tertiary sequences in the Italian Apennines, previously interpreted as the deposits of meandering gravel‐bed rivers. This type of river is not readily distinguished from ‘Scott type’ braided streams in the geological record, unless exposures are particularly good. In this respect, the presence of abundant, inclined heterolithic wedges and lenses may be a useful diagnostic criterion.
Petrology of two granite types from the Tribeč Mountains, Western Carpathians: An example of allanite (+ magnetite) versus monazite dichotomy
Authors: Petrík Igor , Broska Igor 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo granitoid series have been distinguished in the Tribeč Mountains (Western Carpathians) on the basis of the contrasting petrological behaviour of their accessory minerals. The allanite–magnetite‐bearing (AM) tonalite–granodiorite–granite series typically contains dark magmatic enclaves and is produced from oxidizing, more hydrous (about 5.2 wt.% water) melts that were emplaced at depths equivalent to 350 ± 100 MPa. The monazite‐bearing (M) tonalite–granodiorite–granite series contains only metamorphic xenoliths and comes from reduced and drier (about 2.3 wt.% water) melts that were probably emplaced at a shallower depth. The inferred magma properties probably reflect source rock effects. The mineralogical discrimination scheme between the AM and M series corresponds broadly to I‐ and S‐type subdivision and may be useful not only for the granitoid bodies in the Western Carpathians but also for the whole Variscan orogenic belt.
Synthesis and characterization of bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)amino ligands and their Ni(II), Pd(II) complexes: Application to hydrogenation of styrene
Authors: Keleş Mustafa , Altan Orhan , Serindaǧ Osman 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTransition metal complexes of Ni(II) and Pd(II) with ditertiary bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)amino ligands, (Ph2PCH2)2NC(CH3)3 (1) and [(Ph2PCH2)Nm‐PhSO3]Na (2) (Ph = phenyl), have been synthesized in good yields under nitrogen atmosphere by Schlenk technique. All complexes have been characterized using elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques such as atomic absorption, FT‐IR, and NMR (1H, 31P). Atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis showed that the reactions of ligands 1 and 2 with NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O and [PdCl2(COD)] occurred in 1:1 molar ratio. The metal complexes [NiCl2(Ph2PCH2)2Nm‐PhSO3Na] (4) and [PdCl2(Ph2PCH2)2Nm‐PhSO3Na] (6) were found to be soluble in ethanolic and aqueous solutions, as well as slightly soluble in water. Electrochemical behaviors of complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Catalytic effects of Pd(II) complexes were tested throughout the hydrogenation of styrene to ethylbenzene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:113–118, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20384
Invasion of the mandible by squamous carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx
Authors: O'brien Christopher J. , Carter Richard L. , Soo Khee‐Chee , Barr Lester C. , Hamlyn Peter J. , Shaw Henry J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe radiologic and histologic features of mandibular invasion, and its clinical implications, are considered in a retrospective series of 111 patients with squamous carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx treated by composite resection. Eighty percent of the entire group had either recurrent or advanced (T3, T4) local disease, and 33 patients (30%) had histologic evidence of mandibular invasion by tumor. Preoperative radiologic assessment was unreliable in cases in which infiltrating tumor was confined to the periosteum and superficial cortex—44% false negatives. The extent of bone invasion was found to correlate with the size of the tumor, but not with its histologic grade. The mandibular periosteum was not seen as a morphologically discrete “barrier” and infiltration occurred at various points along the mandibular body, mainly related to the course of the inferior dental canal. The gross and microscopic patterns of bone invasion appeared to be similar in irradiated and nonirradiated resections. The incidence and pattern of recurrent disease following composite resection was the same in the groups with and without mandibular invasion: in each group half the patients were dead from disease and one third alive and free of disease at 2 years. Mandibular invasion alone did not appear to influence prognosis in this series.
Methylphenidate treatment of patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Fernandez Francisco , Adams Frank 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFive organically impaired and depressed head and neck cancer patients had a marked therapeutic response to methylphenidate (MPD). There was a rapid remission of depressive and cognitive dysfunctions without adverse side effects. The relationship of cognitive, behavioral, and affective symptoms to brain function is discussed. To rule out treatable cognitive and affective disorders, neurobehavioral assessment of the depressed head and neck cancer patient is stressed, and diagnostic and treatment guidelines are given. The results suggest that further evaluation is warranted of the use of MPD in treating seriously ill cancer patients who have either compromised brain function or depression.
ERGOMAN: 3‐D Representation of Human Operator and Man‐Machine Systems
Authors: Coblentz A. , Mollard And R. , , Renaud C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHuman factors must be taken into account during the early stages of the design process to ensure the efficient and safe operation of man‐machine systems. The fact that computer‐aided design (CAD) is now widely used in industry emphasizes the need for human modeling tools in these environments. Since 1983 our laboratory has developed a human body modeling application called ERGOMAN running with EUCLID‐IS CAD software. This application creates geometrical models of various sizes making it possible to carry out ergonomic studies of workplaces. The ERGOMAN model is based on a 20‐links architecture with 22 joints and 46 degrees of freedom. Model dimensions were calculated from a set of 22 anthropometric measurements and may represent different operator populations. The interactive manipulation and motion capabilities of the models make it possible to assess working posture, reach capabilities, fit of operator in confined workplaces, visibility, and control layouts.
Hippocampal activation during a cognitive task is associated with subsequent neuroendocrine and cognitive responses to psychological stress
Authors: Khalili‐Mahani Najmeh , Dedovic Katarina , Engert Veronika , Pruessner Marita , Pruessner Jens C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIncreased activation of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, marked by increased secretion of cortisol, is a biological marker of psychological stress. It is well established that the hippocampus plays an important role in the regulation of HPA axis activity. The relationship between cortisol (stress‐related elevation or exogenous administration) and the hippocampal‐related cognitive function is often examined. However, few human studies to date have examined the effect of stress on hippocampal activity and the interactions between stress‐induced activation of the HPA axis and hippocampal function during different phases of cognitive function. On the basis of our previous work, we hypothesized that group differences in stress‐sensitivity relate to differences in hippocampal‐related stress‐integration. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a functional MRI study using tasks known to involve the hippocampal formation: novel‐picture encoding, psychological stress, and paired‐picture recognition. On the basis of their cortisol responses to stress, we divided subjects into stress‐responders (increase in cortisol, n = 9) and nonresponders (decrease in cortisol, n = 10). Responders showed higher hippocampal deactivation during the stress task and lower recognition scores due to a larger number of misses. Intriguingly, stress‐responders showed significant differences in hippocampal activation already prior to stress, with higher levels of hippocampal activity during the picture encoding. Although effects of both cortisol and hippocampal activation on recognition were present in responders, similar effects were absent in the nonresponder group. Our results indicate that hippocampus plays an important role in adaptive behavioral responses. We hypothesize that states of hippocampal activation prior to stress might reflect states of vigilance or anxiety, which might be important for determining interindividual differences in subsequent stress response and cognitive performance. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal stress diminishes gender differences in behavior and in expression of hippocampal synaptic genes and proteins in rats
Authors: Biala Ya'arit Nachum , Bogoch Yoel , Bejar Corina , Linial Michal , Weinstock Marta 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe study determined whether there were gender differences in the expression of hippocampal genes in adult rats in association with dissimilarity in their behavior, and how these were affected by prenatal stress. Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to varied stress once daily on days 14–20 of gestation. Adult female offspring of control rats showed significantly less anxiogenic behavior in the elevated plus maze and better discrimination between a novel and familiar object than males in the object recognition test. These gender differences in behavior were markedly attenuated by prenatal stress. Using Affymetrix DNA chip technology on hippocampal extracts prepared from littermates of the offspring used for behavioral tests, we found that 1,680 genes were differentially expressed in control males and females. The gender difference in gene expression was decreased to 11% (191 genes) by prenatal stress. In both sexes, processes like the translational machinery, mitochondrial activity, and cation transport were downregulated compared to controls, but there was a greater suppression of genes involved in vesicle trafficking, regulation of synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis in females than in males. This was compensated by a higher expression of other components of vesicle trafficking, microtubule‐based processes, and neurite development. Prenatal stress decreased the expression of 19 Rab proteins in females and five Rabs in males, but a compensatory increase of Rab partner proteins and effectors only occurred in females. Exposure to stress decreased the expression of synaptic proteins, synaptophysin, and synaptopodin in prenatally stressed males and females and increased those of PSD‐95 and NR1 subunit of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor only in females. The study provides an unbiased view of key genes and proteins that act as gender dependent molecular sensors. The disruption of their expression by adverse early life stress may explain the alterations that occur in behavior. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multicompartment analysis of cell proliferation and cell migration in the sezary syndrome
Authors: Shackney Stanley E. , Schuette W. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSerial radioautographic data obtained in two patients with Sezary syndrome following intravenous tritiated thymidine administration were analysed using multicompartment kinetic models. In both patients, the grain count halving time in the cutaneous Sezary cell compartment was too long to account for the grain count halving rate observed in the peripheral blood. This implies that some proliferating cell compartment other than the skin is primarily responsible for producing the Sezary cells that circulate in the peripheral blood. In both patients, the cell compartment that served as the source of circulating Sezary cells consisted of 5–6 × 1011 cells (500–600 g of tumour) with an average cell cycle time of 3–4 days. By comparison, the cutaneous Sezary cell compartment was estimated to contain 2.2–4.6 × 1012 cells (2.2–4.6 kg of tumour) with an average cell cycle time of 7–70 days. While this study does not permit direct anatomic localization of the primary site of Sezary cell production, the properties of this compartment that can be deduced from the available data suggest the lymph nodes as likely candidates. Thus, the Sezary syndrome may well be a true lymph node malignancy with prominent cutaneous manifestations.
Reed‐sternberg cells cultured from morphologically unidentifiable precursors in the blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Zucker‐Franklin D. , Grusky G. , Baez L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to examine whether morphologically unidentifiable precursors of Reed‐Sternberg cells (RSC) may circulate in the blood of patients with untreated Hodgkin's Disease (HD), mononuclear leukocytes were isolated from the blood of 33 consecutive patients and cultured in soft agar. Abnormal colonies containing multinucleated giant cells developed in the specimens of 12 patients. These cells had the light and electron microscopic appearance of RSC. They were positive for α‐naphthyl acetate and α‐naphthyl butyrate esterases, acid phosphatase and lysozyme, bespeaking their monocyte/macrophage lineage. The observations suggest that unidentifiable precursors of RSC could be responsible for hematogenous spread of the disease in some cases. Moreover, since RS‐like cells developed in the specimens of 8 patients with stage I and II HD, it may be useful to evaluate whether soft agar colony culture would yield data of prognostic significance in patients with early disease.