bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts on apatite‐coated poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel as an artificial articular cartilage material
Authors: Matsumura Kazuaki , Hayami Takashi , Hyon Suong‐Hyu , Tsutsumi Sadami 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOne of the key challenges in employing biomaterials is determining how to fix them into the surrounding tissue. To enhance the interaction with surrounding bone, amorphous hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated onto the surface of the bio‐inert poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA‐H), as an artificial cartilage material, by a pulsed laser deposition technique. Next we examined the binding effects of the HA thin film (300 nm thick) to the underlying bone using osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. A mouse osteoblast cell line, MC3T3E1, was cultured on the HA‐coated and noncoated PVA‐H with a water content of 33% or 53% for 3 weeks. Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and levels of osteocalcin were evaluated for biocompatibility and differentiation. HA coating enhanced the cell proliferation, the ALP activity, and the levels of osteocalcin on both low and high water‐content PVA‐Hs. The cell growth rates on the PVA‐H were lower than on tissue culture dishes even after the HA coating was added; however, osteoblastic differentiation was highly promoted by the HA coating on low water content PVA‐H. These results suggested that the HA coating on the PVA‐H enhanced the affinity between the bone and the PVA‐H as an artificial cartilage material in surface replacement arthroplasty. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Biocompatibility evaluation of nano‐rod hydroxyapatite/gelatin coated with nano‐HAp as a novel scaffold using mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zandi Mojgan , Mirzadeh Hamid , Mayer Christian , Urch Henning , Eslaminejad Mohamadreza Baghaban , Bagheri Fatemeh , Mivehchi Houri 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study is devoted to fabricate a novel hydroxyapatite(HAp)/gelatin scaffold coated with nano‐HAp in nano‐rod configuration to evaluate its biocompatibility potential. The nano‐HAp particles are needle and rod‐like with widths ranging between 30 to 60 nm and lengths from 100 to 300 nm, respectively. Because of their higher surface area and higher reactivity, the nano‐rod particles were distributed in gelatin much better than spherical and mixed shapes particles. The compressive modulus of the nano‐HAp/gelatin scaffolds coated with nano‐HAp was comparable with the compressive modulus of a human cancellous bone. The potential performance of the fabricated scaffolds as seeding media was assayed using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐1,5‐diphenyl tetrazulium bromide) assays were performed on days 4 and 7 and the number of the cells per scaffold was determined. On the basis of this assay, all the studied scaffolds exhibited an appropriate environment in which the loaded cells appeared to be proliferated during the cultivation periods. In all fabricated composite scaffolds, marrow‐derived MSCs appeared to occupy the scaffolds internal spaces and attach on their surfaces. According to the cell culture experiments, the incorporation of rod‐like nano‐HAp and coating of scaffolds with nano‐HAp particles enabled the prepared scaffolds to possess desirable biocompatibility, high bioactivity, and sufficient mechanical strength in comparison with noncoated HAp samples. This research suggests that the newly developed scaffold has a potential as a suitable scaffold for bone tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Antibacterial properties of nanostructured silver titanate thin films formed on a titanium plate
Authors: Inoue Yuko , Uota Masafumi , Torikai Toshio , Watari Takanori , Noda Iwao , Hotokebuchi Takao , Yada Mitsunori 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAntibacterial activity of various surfaces against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was studied. Sodium titanate thin film with a porous network structure and sodium titanate nanotube thin film were formed on titanium surfaces through the reaction of titanium plates with NaOH solutions. Through a silver ion‐exchange treatment, Na+ ions in sodium titanate were exchanged with Ag+ ions in silver acetate solution, along with the loading of silver nanoparticles on the titanate surfaces. Results of silver ion elution tests of the thin films in fetal bovine serum solution indicate that the release period and the number of silver ions released from the silver titanate thin films can be controlled by altering the crystal structure, nanostructure, and thickness of the titanate phase. The silver ion‐exchanged titanate thin films showed high antibacterial activity against MRSA. It was also revealed that although the crystal structure of titanate itself has no large antibacterial effect, higher antibacterial activity mainly arises from the silver ions held in the interlayer spacing of the titanate. The obtained results should aid the development of more convenient and inexpensive antibacterial implants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Effect of recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β2 dose on bone formation in rat femur titanium implant model
Authors: Sena Kotaro , Sumner Dale R. , Virdi Amarjit S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPreviously, we reported that application of 10 μg recombinant human TGF‐β2 (rhTGF‐β2) enhanced peri‐implant bone formation and bone‐implant contact in a rat model. To further investigate the dose effect, the present experiment evaluated doses of rhTGF‐β2 bracketed around 10 μg (5, 10, 20 μg) using the same model. Four groups (including buffer‐only control) received femoral implantation of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate‐coated titanium implants. Four weeks post‐surgery, all femurs were collected and analyzed by micro computed tomography followed by a mechanical test or histology. Compared with control, all rhTGF‐β2‐treated groups had significantly higher bone volume. Bone‐implant contact was not different between the control, 5, and 10 μg groups; however, the 20 μg group had less contact than the control. There were significant decreases in the strength of fixation in all rhTGF‐β2 treated groups compared with the control. In particular, while rhTGF‐β2 was able to enhance bone formation in the vicinity of the implant, the relative lack of bone‐implant contact in the 20 μg group depressed the strength of fixation, suggesting that the location as well as the amount of new bone formed is important for implant fixation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Development of new chitosan/carrageenan nanoparticles for drug delivery applications
Authors: Grenha Ana , Gomes Manuela E. , Rodrigues Márcia , Santo Vítor E. , Mano João F. , Neves Nuno M. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe use of polymeric nanoparticles, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in drug delivery, mainly because of the advantages offered by their small dimensions. The aim of this work was to develop a novel formulation of nanoparticles comprised of two natural marine‐derived polymers, namely chitosan and carrageenan, and to evaluate their potential for the association and controlled release of macromolecules. Nanoparticles were obtained in a hydrophilic environment, under very mild conditions, avoiding the use of organic solvents or other aggressive technologies for their preparation. The developed nanocarriers presented sizes within 350–650 nm and positive zeta potentials of 50–60 mV. Polymeric interactions between nanoparticles' components were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Using ovalbumin as model protein, nanoparticles evidenced loading capacity varying from 4% to 17% and demonstrated excellent capacity to provide a controlled release for up to 3 weeks. Furthermore, nanoparticles have demonstrated to exhibit a noncytotoxic behavior in biological in vitro tests performed using L929 fibroblasts, which is critical regarding the biocompatibility of those carriers. In summary, the developed chitosan‐carrageenan nanoparticles have shown promising properties to be used as carriers of therapeutic macromolecules, with potential application not only strictly in drug delivery, but also in broader areas, such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Human embryonic stem cell technologies and drug discovery
Authors: Jensen Janne , Hyllner Johan , Björquist Petter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDevelopment of new drugs is costly and takes huge resources into consideration. The big pharmaceutical companies are currently facing increasing developmental costs and a lower success‐rate of bringing new compounds to the market. Therefore, it is now of outmost importance that the drug‐hunting companies minimize late attritions due to sub‐optimal pharmacokinetic properties or unexpected toxicity when entering the clinical programs. To achieve this, a strong need to test new candidate drugs in assays of high human relevance in vitro as early as possible has been identified. The traditionally used cell systems are however remarkably limited in this sense, and new improved technologies are of greatest importance. The human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is one of the most powerful cell types known. They have not only the possibility to divide indefinitely; these cells can also differentiate into all mature cell types of the human body. This makes them potentially very valuable for pharmaceutical development, spanning from use as tools in early target studies, DMPK or safety assessment, as screening models to find new chemical entities modulating adult stem cell fate, or as the direct use in cell therapies. This review illustrates the use of hESC in the drug discovery process, today, as well as in a future perspective. This will specifically be exemplified with the most important cell type for pharmaceutical development—the hepatocyte. We discuss how hESC‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells could improve this process, and how these cells should be cultured if optimized functionality and usefulness should be achieved. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 513–519, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐composting an animal fatty‐proteinaceous waste with a solid lignocellulosic by‐product from the olive oil industry (‘alperujo’)
Authors: Alburquerque J. A. , Bautista‐Carrascosa I. , Lidón A. , García‐de‐la‐Fuente R. , Girbent J. , Abad M. , Cegarra J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The production of biodegradable wastes and their disposal cause a major financial problem in many industrial activities. Co‐composting was thought to be a feasible alternative for disposing of a strongly alkaline waste from the pharmaceutical industry (AW), mainly consisting of animal fats and partially hydrolysed proteins in a stable emulsion. The AW was added gradually, during the early phase of the composting process, to a substrate made up of ‘alperujo’ (AL), the wet, lignocellulosic, solid by‐product of the olive oil industry, and fresh horse manure, which was added to improve the physical structure of the composting substrate.RESULTS:The addition of AW reduced organic matter degradation during composting, enriched the amount of organic compounds in the water‐ and alkali‐soluble fractions and increased mineral salt contents. Thus, significantly higher electrical conductivity, humification indices and contents of organic matter, P, K and Na were recorded in the end‐composts resulting from AW treatments. However, the application of one AW‐based compost led to soil N immobilisation, as revealed by an incubation experiment, which must be considered in order to avoid potential N starvation in the short term.CONCLUSION:According to these results, composting can be used as a disposal alternative for AW, leading to end‐products with potential uses as organic amendments or fertilisers for agricultural systems. In addition, these composts could be used to produce alternative liquid organic fertilisers, based on the extraction of their humic‐like fraction. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Cadmium biosorption by Streptomyces sp. F4 isolated from former uranium mine
Authors: Siñeriz Manuel Louis , Kothe Erika , Abate Carlos Mauricio 
Published: March 2009

Abstract46 actinomycetes were isolated from two polluted sites and one unpolluted site. One strain, F4, was selected through primary qualitative screening assays because of its cadmium resistance, and physiologically and taxonomically characterized. F4 was able to grow at 7.5% NaCl and 100 μg/ml lysozyme and at a pH between 6 and 10. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that F4 was closely related to Streptomyces tendae. Growth of Streptomyces sp. F4 on culture medium with 8 mg/l Cd2+ for 8 days showed 80% inhibition. Maximum specific biosorption was 41.7 mg Cd2+/g dry weight after 7 days of growth and highest Cd2+ concentration was found in the cell wall (41.2%). The exopolysaccharide layer only contained 7.4%, whereas 39.4% of Cd2+ was found in the cytosolic fraction. Twelve % was found in the ribosomes and membrane fraction. This was verified with TEM, showing Streptomyces sp. F4 cytoplasm with dark granulate appearance. This study could present the potential capacity of Streptomyces sp. F4 for Cd2+ bioremediation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biodegradation of diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) by Bacillus sp. SB‐007
Authors: Park Jae‐Min , Kim Mina , Yoon Jihee , Kobayashi Fumihisa , Iwasaka Yasunobu , Hong Chun‐Sang , Min Jiho , Kim Yang‐Hoon 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) was efficiently degraded by Bacillus sp. SB‐007. The optimal conditions for DIDP (100 mg l–1) degradation by Bacillus sp. SB‐007 in a mineral salts medium were found to be pH 7.0 at 30 °C, stirring at 200 rpm. The specific rate of DIDP degradation was found to be concentration dependent with a maximum of 4.87 mg DIDP l–1 h–1. DIDP was transformed rapidly by Bacillus sp. SB‐007 with the formation of monoisodecyl phthalate and phthalic acid, which subsequently degraded further. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium for removing DIDP contaminated waste in the environment. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diversity and phylogeny of culturable spore‐forming Bacilli isolated from marine sediments
Authors: Ettoumi Besma , Raddadi Noura , Borin Sara , Daffonchio Daniele , Boudabous Abdellatif , Cherif Ameur 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMembers of the genus Bacillus and related genera are ubiquitous in nature. However, Bacillus species isolated from marine sediments have attracted less interest respect to their terrestrial relatives. Here, we report the phylogenetic diversity of a collection of 96 Bacilli, isolated from 17 distinct stations of 5 oceanographic campaigns. The diversity was analysed by phenotypic and molecular approaches based on the amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), amplification of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS‐PCR) and on 16S rRNA sequencing. Intra‐specific polymorphism was efficiently detected by biochemical analysis and ARDRA while results of ITS‐PCR were in agreement with 16S rRNA sequencing. The identification results assigned 68% of the isolates to the species B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus and B. cereus. Phylogenetic analysis allowed the separation of 9 isolates in a clade that may represent a group of obligate marine Bacillus since they clustered with B. firmus, B. foraminis and marine isolates with metal oxidation and bioaccumulation capabilities. The remaining isolates showed a close affiliation to the genera Virgibacillus, Gracilibacillus and Paenibacillus. The widespread of Bacilli and their high diversity level observed in this work point out the need of more extensive studies to understand their distribution and ecology in deep‐sea environments. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laccase production by Pycnoporus sanguineus under different culture conditions
Authors: Eugenio María Eugenia , Carbajo José María , Martín Juan Antonio , González Aldo Enrique , Villar Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPycnoporus sanguineus is a white‐rot fungus that produces ligninolytic enzymes such as laccases. These enzymes can endure temperatures as high as 60 °C and are useful for pulp bleaching, dye decolorization and phenolic degradation.Laccase production by fungi depends not only on the carbon and nitrogen sources but also on the nitrogen concentration of the culture medium. In this work, we examined the effect of four carbon sources (maltose, glucose, fructose and sucrose) and four nitrogen sources (ammonium tartrate, sodium nitrate, asparagine and yeast extract) on the activity of laccase from Pycnoporus sanguineus. All carbon and nitrogen sources exhibited a strong influence on laccase activity, a sucrose–asparagine medium providing the best results (320 mU/ml). Moreover, using an asparagine concentration 5 times higher than the reference level increased laccase activity to 820 mU/ml. Higher asparagine concentrations, however, resulted in no further increase in activity.Consistent with previous results, the carbon and nitrogen sources, and the nitrogen concentration, had a strong impact on laccase activity, the optimum conditions depending on the particular fungus. The conditions of the culture medium had a marked effect on laccase activity, which increased up to 820 mU/ml. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular diversity of a native mesorhizobial population of nodulating chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Indian soils
Authors: Nandwani Rachna , Dudeja S. S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChickpea plants with nodules were collected from 32 different farmers' fields of eight districts of Haryana state. In total, 137 mesorhizobial isolations were made from these nodules and authenticated. Finally, 50 mesorhizobia were selected based on nodulation test, growth characteristics, and site of sampling. The molecular diversity of the mesorhizobial population was assessed by PCR‐amplified ERIC profiles as well as RFLP of 16S rDNA. Considerable molecular diversity in Haryana soils was observed. Chickpea rhizobia were grouped into six different clusters at the 70% similarity level by both methodologies, but clustering of the strains was different. Considering that each cluster represented a mesorhizobial genotype, Haryana soils showed a high richness index (0.46), and RFLP analysis showed that the mesorhizobial genotype (MG) I was present in 38% of nodules, followed by MG III which was detected in 34% of the nodules. The distribution of different MG in Haryana soils showed that all six types of rhizobia were never present in any of the districts; however, a maximum of five types were present in the Bhiwani district. Rhizobial genotype III was invariably present in all the nodule samples tested. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improving clinical significance of PCR: Use of propidium monoazide to distinguish viable from dead staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Kobayashi Hideo , Oethinger Margret , Tuohy Marion J. , Hall Gerri S. , Bauer Thomas W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMolecular techniques, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have high sensitivity when used to diagnose infection, but may detect DNA, RNA, and proteins from dead, as well as viable, bacteria. Propidium monoazide (PMA) is a DNA binding agent, that has the ability to penetrate only dead cells with compromised membranes and has been used in conjunction with real‐time PCR to distinguish intact from dead bacterial cells. In this study, intact, heat‐inactivated (dead), and intact/dead admixed Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) were treated with PMA or left untreated before DNA extraction. We quantified levels of 16S rDNA and tuf gene by real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR), to test the ability of PMA to distinguish intact from dead bacteria. Our results indicated that PMA inhibited detection of dead bacteria, and the qPCR results reflected the number of intact bacteria without being impacted by the presence of the dead bacteria. This approach of combining qPCR with and without PMA treatment has promise to limit false‐positive PCR results when used to diagnose infections, but needs to be further validated in clinical samples. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Enhanced flexor tendon healing through controlled delivery of PDGF‐BB
Authors: Thomopoulos Stavros , Das Rosalina , Silva Matthew J. , Sakiyama‐Elbert Shelly , Harwood Frederick L. , Zampiakis Emmanouil , Kim H. Mike , Amiel David , Gelberman Richard H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA fibrin/heparin‐based delivery system was used to provide controlled delivery of platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF‐BB) in an animal model of intrasynovial flexor tendon repair. We hypothesized that PDGF‐BB, administered in this manner, would stimulate cell proliferation and matrix remodeling, leading to improvements in the sutured tendon's functional and structural properties. Fifty‐six flexor digitorum profundus tendons were injured and repaired in 28 dogs. Three groups were compared: (1) controlled delivery of PDGF‐BB using a fibrin/heparin‐based delivery system; (2) delivery system carrier control; and (3) repair‐ only control. The operated forelimbs were treated with controlled passive motion rehabilitation. The animals were euthanized at 7, 14, and 42 days, at which time the tendons were assessed using histologic (hyaluronic acid content, cellularity, and inflammation), biochemical (total DNA and reducible collagen crosslink levels), and biomechanical (gliding and tensile properties) assays. We found that cell activity (as determined by total DNA, collagen crosslink analyses, and hyaluronic acid content) was accelerated due to PDGF‐BB at 14 days. Proximal interphalangeal joint rotation and tendon excursion (i.e., tendon gliding properties) were significantly higher for the PDGF‐BB‐treated tendons compared to the repair‐alone tendons at 42 days. Improvements in tensile properties were not achieved, possibly due to suboptimal release kinetics or other factors. In conclusion, PDGF‐BB treatment consistently improved the functional but not the structural properties of sutured intrasynovial tendons through 42 days following repair. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Kinetics of the gas‐phase reactions of chlorine atoms with CH2F2, CH3CCl3, and CF3CFH2 over the temperature range 253–553 K
Authors: Nilsson E. J. K. , Johnson M. S. , Nielsen O. J. , Kaiser E. W. , Wallington T. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRelative rate techniques were used to study the title reactions in 930–1200 mbar of N2 diluent. The reaction rate coefficients measured in the present work are summarized by the expressions k(Cl + CH2F2) = 1.19 × 10−17 T2 exp(−1023/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (253–553 K), k(Cl + CH3CCl3) = 2.41 × 10−12 exp(−1630/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (253–313 K), and k(Cl + CF3CFH2) = 1.27 × 10−12 exp(−2019/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (253–313 K). Results are discussed with respect to the literature data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 401–406, 2009