bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Zusammenwirken von Pilzarten bei Hautkrankheiten:Multiple Fungal Infections in Skin Diseases
Authors: Grigoriu A. , Grigoriu D. , Delacrétaz J. 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung: Beim Auftreten mehrerer pilzarten in Hautveräderungen können unter‐schiedliche Konstellationen vorliegen, die im Hinblick auf die ätiologische und pathogenetische Rolle dieser Pilze differenziert betrachtet werden müssen. Prinzipiell künnen die folgenden Kombinationen vorkommen: 1. Die zwei oder drei isolierten Pilze sind pathogen. 2. Ein oder mei der Isolate sind pathogen, ein weiterer Pilz ist als Kontaminant zu betrachten. 3. Alle isolierten Arten sind Kontaminanten. An einer Reihe eigener Beobachtungen illustriert der Verfasser die bei Mehrfachinfektionen auftretenden Probleme.Summary: Multiple fungal infections in skin lesions may represent a variety of combinations with different aspeds with regard to their aetiological and pathogenetic role. The followingconstellations could be considered as possible: 1 The two or three isolated fungi are pathogenic 2 One or two of the isolates are pathogenic and the other one is a contaminant. 3 All the isolated species are contaminants. The author presents some of his observations to illustrate the arising problems.
Use of Triton‐X‐100 for Improving Aspergillus fumigatus Antigen(s) and Antigenicity: Über die Verwendung von Triton‐X‐100 zur Verbesserung der Antigene und der Antigenität von Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Arrena Abha , Saxena S. K. , Agarwal A. K. , Srivastava O. P. 
Published: July 2010

Summary: Triton‐X‐100, a non‐ionic detergent solubilized the particulate proteins/antigens in the cells of Aspergillus fumigatus and resulted in their higher yields in the cytoplasmic extract. More precipitin lines were observed in extracts with Triton‐X‐100 as compared to those without it and these were more distinct too in the former case. Also, in the presence of Triton‐X‐100 antigenic property of the extract was retained on storage.Zusammenfassung: Triton‐X‐100 1st ein nicht‐ionisches Detergens. Es trägt zur Lösung von partikulären Proteinen (Antigenen) in den Zellen von Aspergillus fumigatus bei und bewirkt daher eine höhere Ausbeute in der Herstellung von zytoplasmatischen Extrakten. Gegenüber den Extrakten ohne Triton‐X‐100 fanden sich unter Verwendung dieses Detergens mehr und deutlicher dargestellte Präzipitinlinien. Darüber hinaus ließen sich in der Gegenwart von Triton‐X‐100 die antigenen Eigenschaften des Extraktes länger erhalten.
Relapsing severe Trichophyton rubrum infections in an immunocompromised host: evidence of onychomycosis as a source of reinfection based on lectin typing
Authors: Gruseck E. , Abeck D. , Ring J. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. A 64‐year‐old patient developed recurrent (about 3–6 times a year) generalized skin lesions due to Trichophyton rubrum during long‐term steroid treatment of lung fibrosis. Additionally, he suffered for years from onychomycosis of all toes. In the past, short‐term internal treatment with griseofulvin and ketoconazole resulted in fast clearing of skin symptoms. Since 1991 relapses have been treated with itraconazole orally. In 1992 material was collected from diseased nails and toe and other skin lesions during three severe attacks of fungal infections and in addition once from toenails during a period without skin manifestations. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated from each sample. Lectin typing of the isolates using five lectins of plant origin resulted in identical lectin patterns for all isolates, thus localizing the toenails as the source of reinfection. The results indicate that lectin typing may play an important role in clinical and epidemiological analysis of dermatophytes.Zusammenfassung. Bei einem 64‐jährigen Patienten, der aufgrund einer Lungenfibrose unter einer Steroiddauermedikamentation stand, kam es über Jahre rezidivierend (3 bis 6 mal jährlich) zum Auftreten generalisierterHautveränderungen, aus denen jeweils Trichophyton rubrum isoliert werden konnte. Zusätzlich bestand eine ebenfalls durch Trichophyton rubrum hervorgerufene Onychomykose sämtlicher Zehennägel. Die Veränderungen der freien Haut heilten jeweils unter kurzzeitiger systemischer Behandlung mit Griseofulvin und Ketokonazol ab. Seit 1991 wurden Rückfalle mit interner Itraconazolgabe therapiert. 1992 wurden während drei erneuter Exazerbationen jeweils Isolate aus Zehenmaterial sowie von verschiedenen Körperarealen gewon‐nen. Zusätzlich wurde in einer erscheinungsfreien Periode Erreger aus Zehennagelmaterial isoliert. Sämtliche Isolate, bei denen es sich in allen Fällen um Trichophyton rubrum handelte, wurden einer Typisierung mit funf Lektinen pflanzlichen Ursprungs im Rahmen eines Agglutinationstestes unterzogen. Hierbei zeigten alle Isolate übereinstimmende Reaktionen, was als Ausgangs‐punkt der beobachteten Reinfektionen eine nicht ausreichend behandelte Onychomykose nahelegt. Die gewonnen Ergebnisse weisen auf eine mög‐liche künftige Bedeutung der Lektintypisierung bei der Bearbeitung klinischer und epidemiologischer Fragestellungen bezüglich Dermatophyten hin.
Increased tissue factor activity in monocytes from obese young adults
Authors: Ayer Julian G , Song Changjie , Steinbeck Katherine , Celermajer David S , Freedman S Ben 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. The relationship between inflammation, obesity‐related proteins and tissue factor (TF), the major initiator of the extrinsic clotting cascade, is not well understood. We examined if basal and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) TF‐procoagulant activity (PCA) was higher in obese subjects and examined the effects of leptin, resistin and serum amyloid A (SAA).2. PBMC from 12 obese (six male, aged 29 ± 4 years, body mass index 46.0 ± 8.7 kg/m2) and 12 age‐ and sex‐matched lean controls were cultured either unstimulated or stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ρg/mL and 100 ng/mL, for 4–16 h) or SAA (1 ng/mL, 25 ng/mL, 250 ng/mL, for 4 h). Separately, PBMC from lean subjects were cultured unstimulated with leptin (100 ρg/mL, 1 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 1 μg/mL), resistin (0.1 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL) or leptin (100 ng/mL) plus LPS (100 ρg/mL). TF‐PCA was determined by a 1‐stage plasma recalcification assay.3. Four‐hour unstimulated PBMC TF‐PCA was greater in the obese (90.4 ± 16.5 vs 39.9 ± 4.7 mu TF/106 PBMC, P = 0.01). After 4 h stimulation with SAA or LPS the TF‐PCA was similar. Unstimulated TF‐PCA correlated with log serum high sensitivity C‐ reactive protein (hs‐CRP) (r = 0.42, P = 0.04) and insulin (r = 0.44, P = 0.048), but not with log serum SAA (r = 0.192, P = 0.55). Physiological concentrations of leptin or resistin and leptin plus LPS did not increase TF‐PCA in PBMC from lean subjects.4. Basal PBMC TF‐PCA is higher in the obese and is associated with serum hs‐CRP. The obesity‐related proteins SAA, leptin and resistin are unlikely to play a major role in increasing PBMC TF‐PCA.
Effect of pravastatin on bleomycin‐induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kim Jin Woo , Rhee Chin Kook , Kim Tae Jung , Kim Yong Hyun , Lee Sang Haak , Yoon Hyung Kyu , Kim Seok Chan , Lee Sook Young , Kwon Soon Suk , Kim Kwan Hyung , Kim Young Kyoon 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. Pravastatin is best known for its antilipidemic action. Recent studies have shown that statins have immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to determine whether or not pravastatin can attenuate acute lung injury and fibrosis in a mouse model.2. Bleomycin was given to C57BL6 mice through intratracheal instillation. Pravastatin was given through intraperitoneal injection. To study the effect of pravastatin on the early inflammatory phase and the late fibrotic phase, mice were killed on days 3, 7, 14 and 21.3. Pravastatin attenuated the histopathological change of bleomycin‐induced lung injury and fibrosis. The accumulation of neutrophils and increased production of tumor necrosis factor‐α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were inhibited in the early inflammatory phase. Pravastatin effectively inhibited the increase of lung hydroxyproline content induced by bleomycin. Furthermore, pravastatin reduced the increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), RhoA and cyclin D1. The increased levels of TGF‐β1 and CTGF mRNA expression were also significantly inhibited by pravastatin.4. Pravastatin effectively attenuated bleomycin‐induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Our results provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of pravastatin in the treatment of acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
Coronary vascular dysfunction promoted by oxidative‐nitrative stress in SHRSP.Z‐Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kagota Satomi , Fukushima Kazuhito , Umetani Keiji , Tada Yukari , Nejime Namie , Nakamura Kazuki , Mori Hidezo , Sugimura Kazuro , Kunitomo Masaru , Shinozuka Kazumasa 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. Metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. SHRSP.Z‐Leprfa/IzmDmcr (SHRSP fatty) rat, established as a new rat model of metabolic syndrome, spontaneously develops obesity, severe hypertension and shows hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and abnormal glucose tolerance. Using SHRSP fatty rats, we examined whether or not oxidative stress was correlated with vascular dysfunction in small and large calibre coronary arteries inex vivobeating hearts, isolated mesenteric arteries and aortas in comparison with normal rats, Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY). Vasodilation of coronary arteries was determined by microangiography of the Langendorff heart.2. Compared with WKY, acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)‐induced relaxations were impaired in the coronary arteries of SHRSP fatty rats. The mesenteric arteries and aorta of SHRSP fatty rats showed impaired relaxation responses to ACh and SNP, decreased 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cGMP) production, and reduced soluble guanylyl cyclase protein expression. Superoxide release, angiotensin II and 3‐nitrotyrosine contents were increased.3. SHRSP fatty rats were orally administered olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonist, and amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, at doses of 5 and 8 mg/kg per day, respectively, for 8 weeks. Both olmesartan and amlodipine reduced blood pressure, but only olmesartan prevented the development of abnormal vascular and biochemical parameters in the SHRSP fatty rats.4. The results showed that in the SHRSP fatty rats, the impaired nitric oxide‐ and cGMP‐mediated relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells were linked to AT1receptor‐induced oxidative‐nitrative stress, which occurred concurrently with severe hypertension and metabolic abnormalitiesin vivo.
Organizational Contexts for Environmental Construction and Objectification Activity
Authors: McKinley William 
Published: July 2010

abstractThis paper argues that organizations are the source of an adaptation–construction cycle. In that cycle, the consequences of organizational adaptations to current environmental states are constructed by the organization's managers into new environmental states. Therefore organizational action in response to environmental conditions has both an adaptive component and an unintended environmental enactment component. The paper identifies attributes of adapting organizations that increase the level of managerial activity devoted to environmental construction and objectification. The theoretical logic of delineating these organizational attributes moves the paper beyond present versions of enactment theory, ‘social construction of reality’ theory, and structuration theory to focus on predictors of variation in concrete activity resulting in environmental construction and objectification. Based on the discussion of the organizational predictors, propositions to be tested in future empirical research are offered. Also, the propositions are used to suggest extensions to enactment theory, social construction of reality theory, structuration theory, and contemporary versions of neo‐institutional theory. These extensions are detailed in the discussion section.
“We All Make Mistakes”: the Communist Party of Australia and Khrushchev's Secret Speech, 1956
Authors: Deery Phillip , Calkin Rachael 
Published: July 2010

This article examines the impact of the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on the Communist Party of Australia (CPA). Specifically it focuses on the reverberations of Khrushchev's “secret speech” within the CPA leadership for the first six months of 1956. It argues that, in contrast to the received wisdom, the response of the leadership was characterised by confusion rather than consistency, division rather than unanimity. This had implications for CPA members as they struggled to come to terms with the line of the leadership and the authenticity or otherwise of the New York Times version of Khrushchev's speech.The words of [Khrushchev's] speech were like bullets, and each found its place in the hearts of the veteran Communists. Tears streamed down the faces of men and women who had spent forty or more years, their whole adult lives, in the movement […].1
Beyond control: body and self in women’s childbearing narratives
Authors: Carter Shannon K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the United States, childbearing is often conceptualised as a time when women lose self‐control over their bodies. This project examines issues of bodily control through a social constructionist analysis of in‐depth interviews with 18 predominantly white, working and middle class women who have recently given birth in the US. Findings indicate that many participants construct themselves as both in and out of control of their bodies during childbearing. Participants also describe body/self relationships in ways that transcend power and control, perceiving the body as autonomous, accommodating and collaborating. Accommodating and collaborating bodies were described here only among participants who gave birth in the midwifery model of care. The findings illuminate various ways of conceptualising the body and point to the use of different bodily discourses by women who give birth in medical and midwifery models.
Reorganization after pre‐ and perinatal brain lesions*
Authors: Staudt Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe developing human brain can compensate for pre‐ and perinatally acquired focal lesions more effectively than the adult brain. The mechanisms by which this effective reorganization is achieved vary considerably between different functional systems, reflecting differences in the normal maturation of these systems. In the motor system, descending cortico‐spinal motor projections have already reached their spinal target zones at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy, with initially bilateral projections from each hemisphere. During normal development, the ipsilateral projections are gradually withdrawn, whereas the contralateral projections persist. When, during this period, a unilateral brain lesion disrupts the cortico‐spinal projections of one hemisphere, the ipsilateral projections from the contralesional hemisphere will persist. This allows the contralesional hemisphere to take over motor control over the paretic extremities. Although this mechanism of reorganization is available throughout the pre‐ and perinatal period, the efficacy of this ipsilateral takeover of motor functions decreases with increasing age at the time of the insult. In the somatosensory system, ascending thalamo‐cortical somatosensory projections have not yet reached their cortical target zones at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, these projections can still ‘react’ to brain lesions acquired during this period, and can form ‘axonal bypasses’ around periventricular white matter lesions to reach their original cortical target areas in the postcentral gyrus. Thus, somatosensory functions can be well preserved even in cases of large periventricular lesions. In contrast, when the postcentral gyrus itself is affected, no signs for reorganization have been observed. Accordingly, somatosensory functions are often poor in these patients. Language functions can be normal even in patients with extensive early left‐hemispheric brain lesions. This is achieved by language organization in the right hemisphere, which takes place in brain regions homotopic to the classical left‐hemispheric language areas in normal subjects. In patients with periventricular lesions, the degree of right‐hemispheric takeover of language functions correlates with the severity of structural damage to facial (and, thus, articulatory) motor projections.
Proteasome inhibition in medaka brain induces the features of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Matsui Hideaki , Ito Hidefumi , Taniguchi Yoshihito , Inoue Haruhisa , Takeda Shunichi , Takahashi Ryosuke 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 178–187.AbstractRecent findings suggest that a defect in the ubiquitin‐proteasome system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). A previous report (McNaught et al. 2004) demonstrated that rats systemically injected with proteasome inhibitors exhibited PD‐like clinical symptoms and pathology. However, because these findings have not been consistently replicated, this model is not commonly used to study PD. We used medaka fish to test the effect of systemic administration of proteasome inhibitors because of the high level of accessibility of the cerebrospinal fluid in fish. We injected lactacystin or epoxomicin into the CSF of medaka. With proteasome inhibition in the medaka brain, selective dopaminergic and noradrenergic cell loss was observed. Furthermore, treated fish exhibited reduced spontaneous movement. Treatment with proteasome inhibitors also induced the formation of inclusion bodies resembling Lewy bodies, which are characteristic of PD. Treatment with 6‐OHDA also induced dopaminergic cell loss but did not produce inclusion bodies. These findings in medaka are consistent with previous results reporting that non‐selective proteasome inhibition replicates the cardinal features of PD: locomotor dysfunction, selective dopaminergic cell loss, and inclusion body formation.
Larger inhibition of visual pigment kinase in cones than in rods
Authors: Arinobu Daisuke , Tachibanaki Shuji , Kawamura Satoru 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 259–268.AbstractIn the carp retina, visual pigment kinase, GRK1 (G‐protein coupled receptor kinase 1) in rods and GRK7 in cones, is inhibited by a photoreceptor neuronal Ca2+‐sensor protein, S‐modulin (or recoverin) in rods and visinin (formerly named s26) in cones. Here, we compared Ca2+‐dependent inhibition of GRK1 by S‐modulin and that of GRK7 by visinin. First, the concentrations of S‐modulin and visinin in the outer segment were estimated: the concentration of visinin (1.2 mM) was 20 times higher than that of S‐modulin (53 μM). Based on the determined concentrations of the Ca2+‐sensor proteins and the known dark Ca2+ concentrations, we estimated that in situ Ca2+‐dependent inhibition on GRK in cones would be 2.5 times higher than that in rods at the Ca2+ concentration in the dark. Because GRK activity is approximately 100 times higher in cones than in rods [Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA102 (2005) 21359], the range of Ca2+‐dependent inhibition on GRK activity is more than 100 times wider in cones than in rods. The inhibitory effects of S‐modulin and visinin on photoreceptor GRKs were indistinguishable, although these Ca2+‐sensor proteins are expressed in a cell‐type specific manner. The inhibition by these Ca2+‐sensor proteins was slightly higher on GRK7 than GRK1 probably because of a characteristic specific to GRK7.
Chronic prostaglandin E2 treatment induces the synthesis of the pain‐related peptide substance P and calcitonin gene‐related peptide in cultured sensory ganglion explants
Authors: Ma Weiya 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 363–372.AbstractProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a well known pain and pro‐inflammatory mediator abundantly produced in inflamed tissue. It causes pain by directly exciting nociceptive primary sensory neurons (nociceptors) and indirectly stimulating the release of pain‐related peptide substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). In an ex vivo culture of sensory ganglion explants, we tested the hypothesis that PGE2 could induce the synthesis of SP and CGRP in nociceptors. A stabilized PGE2 analog, 16,16‐dimethyl PGE2, in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, significantly increased mRNA and peptide levels of SP and CGRP. The agonists of EP1 and EP4 receptors also significantly increased SP and CGRP levels. Moreover, 16,16‐dimethyl PGE2‐induced SP and CGRP were blocked by EP1 and EP4 antagonists as well as the inhibitors of both protein kinase A and protein kinase C. Nerve growth factor was partially involved in PGE2‐induced SP and CGRP synthesis. Taken together, these results indicate that PGE2 contributes to the synthesis of SP and CGRP in nociceptors, an event mediated by EP1 and EP4 receptors, nerve growth factor and protein kinase A and protein kinase C signalling pathways. We thus conclude that facilitating the synthesis of pain‐related peptides in nociceptors is a novel mechanism underlying the role of PGE2 in nociception and chronic pain states.
THE CALIBRATION OF AERIAL SURVEY CAMERAS
Authors: Sly W. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo experimental procedures for aerial survey camera calibration using respectively a Wild TA theodolite and a modified Cooke, Trough ton and Simms geodetic theodolite are described. The procedures determine radial distortion only; tangential distortion is assumed to be negligible. Details of a graphical method of computing the results are given in an appendix.
CLOSE‐RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY APPLIED TO RESEARCH IN ORTHODONTICS
Authors: Cheffins O. W. , Clark W. A. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResearch work is being undertaken by the Department of Orthodontics at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, which involves studying the growth of children's faces in three dimensions. In evaluating the morphology of soft tissues, the advantages offered by photogrammetry have been recognised and this paper describes how the technique has been put into practice at the hospital where a stereometric instrument, equally suitable for use as a camera or as a projection plotter, has been constructed.
EDINBURGH CASTLE ROCK:
Authors: Cheffins O. W. , Rushton J. E. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEdinburgh Castle is an ancient monument situated on a basalt crag which has steep cliffs falling away on three of its sides. Periodically, remedial measures have to be carried out on these cliffs by engineering geologists in order to stabilise loosened parts of the surface and thus prevent rock falls occurring. The rock structure on the sheer north‐facing cliff is currently being studied to determine the extent of work required to ensure its stability. Before such a study could proceed satisfactorily it was necessary to obtain a large scale, contoured survey of the face and this has been achieved by terrestrial photogrammetric methods. Stereoscopic photography was taken with a Wild RC5A wide angle camera pointing horizontally, being specially mounted on its side in the elevated bucket of a Simon hydraulic platform, positioned 17 metres above ground level at a distance of 100 metres from the rock face and at eight successive locations in West Princes Street Gardens. The elevation was plotted with a Zeiss Stereoplanigraph C8 at a scale of 1 : 50 with contours (with respect to a vertical datum) at horizontal intervals of 250 mm.