bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the implementation of the probabilistic logic programming language ProbLog
Authors: KIMMIG ANGELIKA , DEMOEN BART , DE RAEDT LUC , COSTA VÍTOR SANTOS , ROCHA RICARDO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe past few years have seen a surge of interest in the field of probabilistic logic learning and statistical relational learning. In this endeavor, many probabilistic logics have been developed. ProbLog is a recent probabilistic extension of Prolog motivated by the mining of large biological networks. In ProbLog, facts can be labeled with probabilities. These facts are treated as mutually independent random variables that indicate whether these facts belong to a randomly sampled program. Different kinds of queries can be posed to ProbLog programs. We introduce algorithms that allow the efficient execution of these queries, discuss their implementation on top of the YAP-Prolog system, and evaluate their performance in the context of large networks of biological entities.
Species sorting and neutral processes are both important during the initial assembly of bacterial communities
Authors: Langenheder Silke , Székely Anna J 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Many studies have shown that species sorting, that is, the selection by local environmental conditions is important for the composition and assembly of bacterial communities. On the other hand, there are other studies that could show that bacterial communities are neutrally assembled. In this study, we implemented a microcosm experiment with the aim to determine, at the same time, the importance of species sorting and neutral processes for bacterial community assembly during the colonisation of new, that is, sterile, habitats, by atmospheric bacteria. For this we used outdoor microcosms, which contained sterile medium from three different rock pools representing different environmental conditions, which were seeded by rainwater bacteria. We found some evidence for neutral assembly processes, as almost every 4th taxon growing in the microcosms was also detectable in the rainwater sample irrespective of the medium. Most of these taxa belonged to widespread families with opportunistic growth strategies, such as the Pseudomonadaceae and Comamonadaceae, indicating that neutrally assembled taxa may primarily be generalists. On the other hand, we also found evidence for species sorting, as one out of three media selected a differently composed bacterial community. Species sorting effects were relatively weak and established themselves via differences in relative abundance of generalists among the different media, as well as media-specific occurrences of a few specific taxa. In summary, our results suggest that neutral and species sorting processes interact during the assembly of bacterial communities and that their importance may differ depending on how many generalists and specialists are present in a community.
Cardiomyocyte differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and their use as cardiac disease models
Authors: Dambrot Cheryl , Passier Robert , Atsma Douwe , Mummery Christine L. 
Published: January 2011

More than 10 years after their first isolation, human embryonic stem cells are finally ‘coming of age’ in research and biotechnology applications as protocols for their differentiation and undifferentiated expansion in culture become robust and scalable, and validated commercial reagents become available. Production of human cardiomyocytes is now feasible on a daily basis for many laboratories with tissue culture expertise. An additional recent surge of interest resulting from the first production of human iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) from somatic cells of patients now makes these technologies of even greater importance since it is likely that (genetic) cardiac disease phenotypes can be captured in the cardiac derivatives of these cells. Although cell therapy based on replacing cardiomyocytes lost or dysfunctional owing to cardiac disease are probably as far away as ever, biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications in safety pharmacology and drug discovery will probably impact this clinical area in the very near future. In the present paper, we review the cutting edge of this exciting area of translational research.
Modelling of pain intensity and informative dropout in a dental pain model after naproxcinod, naproxen and placebo administration
Authors: Björnsson Marcus A. , Simonsson Ulrika S. H. 
Published: January 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Modelling has been used to describe the pain relief and dropout for a few non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This study shows the relationship between dose, plasma concentration, pain intensity and dropout for naproxen and naproxcinod. It also extends previous models by using a visual analogue scale for pain intensity instead of modelling pain relief on a categorical scale, and shows the value of including informative dropout in the simulations for visual predictive checks.AIMS To describe pain intensity (PI) measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and dropout due to request for rescue medication after administration of naproxcinod, naproxen or placebo in 242 patients after wisdom tooth removal.METHODS Non‐linear mixed effects modelling was used to describe the plasma concentrations of naproxen, either formed from naproxcinod or from naproxen itself, and their relationship to PI and dropout. Goodness of fit was assessed by simultaneous simulations of PI and dropout.RESULTS Baseline PI for the typical patient was 52.7 mm. The PI was influenced by placebo effects, using an exponential model, and by naproxen concentrations using a sigmoid Emax model. Typical maximal placebo effect was a decrease in PI by 20.2%, with an onset rate constant of 0.237 h−1. EC50 was 0.135 µmol l−1. A Weibull time‐to‐event model was used for the dropout, where the hazard was dependent on the predicted PI and by the PI at baseline. Since the dropout was not at random, it was necessary to include the simulated dropout in visual predictive checks (VPC) of PI.CONCLUSIONS This model describes the relationship between drug effects, PI and the likelihood of dropout after naproxcinod, naproxen and placebo administration. The model provides an opportunity to describe the effects of other doses or formulations, after dental extraction. VPC created by simultaneous simulations of PI and dropout provides a good way of assessing the goodness of fit when there is informative dropout.
Person‐centred medicine in the context of primary care: a view from the World Organization of Family Doctors (Wonca)
Authors: van Weel Chris 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Most professional medical care is provided in the community, and this determines the importance of primary care for the health care system. As family doctors are involved in the care of different health problems over time to the same individual, the personal dimension is strong. This paper analyses the importance of person‐centred medicine from the perspective of primary care and family medicine.Methods  The views and opinions of the leadership of the World Organization of Family Doctors, Wonca, provided the background material. Wonca brings together national colleges and academies of family medicine around the world.Results  The community, with its social, cultural and economic characteristics, is an important determinant of illness, health and disease. This shapes the personal relation between patient and family physician, with its basis of trust, and determines the effectiveness with which primary care functions. Continuity and integration of care are important person‐centred ‘techniques’.Conclusions  As the effectiveness of primary care is a major factor for overall effective health care, it is important to come to a better understanding of how to address the personal context of care and the mechanisms through which this determines outcome of care.
New Roles for Innate Immune Response in Acute and Chronic Kidney Injuries
Authors: Gonçalves G. M. , Castoldi A. , Braga T. T. , Câmara N. O. S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe innate immune system plays an important role as a first response to tissue injury. This first response is carried out via germline‐encoded receptors. They can recognize exogenous Pathogen‐Associated Molecular Patterns and endogenous Dangers‐Associated Molecular Patterns. The Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR) family is well‐studied, but more recently another family in the cytoplasmic compartment, called nod‐like receptor (NLR), was discovered. In addition to being present in inflammatory cells, these receptors are widely distributed in various cell types, including renal tissue, where these receptors have an important role in triggering the inflammatory response during renal diseases. This review summarizes the present data regarding the role of TLRs and NLRs in the course and development of various kidney pathologies.
The utility of pre‐test clinical scoring for clinical diagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in cardiac surgery patients of a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Sachan D. , Gupta N. , Agarwal P. , Chaudhary R. 
Published: January 2011

Background: Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) should be diagnosed clinically as well as by laboratory assays for timely recognition, prevention and management of complications. Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of pre‐test clinical scoring system in combination with two immunoassays for the diagnosis of HIT in cardiac surgery patients. Materials and methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery were studied. Pre‐test clinical scoring was carried out in patients with thrombocytopenia and further tested by two immunoassays, i.e. Heparin platelet factor 4 (H‐PF4) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and particle gel immunoassay (PaGIA). Results: Of the 100 patients studied, 42 patients developed thrombocytopenia post‐operatively. On pre‐test clinical scoring, low T‐score was observed in 6 patients, intermediate in 28 and high score in 8 patients, whereas 19 patients (45·2%) were positive by H‐PF4 ELISA and 10 (23·8%) by PaGIA for H‐PF4 antibody. The difference in the incidence of clinically significant HIT antibodies in the three categories was statistically significant. A good correlation was also observed with ELISA optical density, T‐scoring and PaGIA. Conclusions: Pre‐test clinical scoring correlates well with the development of H‐PF4 antibodies which are incriminated in the causation of thrombotic complications in patients with HIT. We also propose a protocol for diagnosing patients with clinical suspicion of HIT using pre‐test clinical scoring and immunoassay.
WT1‐specific CTL cells of recipient origin may exist in the peripheral blood of patients achieving full donor chimerism soon after nonmyeloablative transplantation
Authors: Wei Li , Zuo Hongli , Sun Xuedong , Liu Tieqiang , Guo Mei , Liu Guangxian , Sun Qiyun , Qiao Jianhui , Wang Danhong , Yu Changlin , Hu Kaixun , Dong Zheng , Ai Huisheng 
Published: January 2011

Wei L, Zuo H, Sun X, Liu T, Guo M, Liu G, Sun Q, Qiao J, Wang D, Yu C, Hu K, Dong Z, Ai H. WT1‐specific CTL cells of recipient origin may exist in the peripheral blood of patients achieving full donor chimerism soon after nonmyeloablative transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 689–696. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  This study was performed to assay whether leukemia‐associated antigen (LAA)‐specific CTLs of recipient origin existed in the blood of patients who achieved full donor chimerism (FDC) soon after nonmyeloablative transplantation (NST). In 15 patients who received haplo‐identical NST, WT1+CD8+CTLs were detected with WT1/HLA‐A*0201 pentamer, and the donor–recipient chimerism levels were analyzed by three methods. Results showed that WT1+CD8+CTLs could be detected in patients with HLA‐A*0201 expressing only in recipient, and cells of recipient origin existed in the blood of patients who achieved FDC, which suggested that LAA‐specific CTLs of recipient origin may exist in patients achieving FDC soon after NST.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: clinicopathological analysis of 43 cases in a single center, 1990–2009
Authors: Yoon Sun Och , Yu Eunsil , Cho Yong Mee , Suh Cheolwon , Kim Kyung Mo , Han Duck Jong , Lee Seung Gyu , Huh Jooryung 
Published: January 2011

Yoon SO, Yu E, Cho YM, Suh C, Kim KM, Han DJ, Lee SG, Huh J. Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: clinicopathological analysis of 43 cases in a single center, 1990–2009.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 67–73.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are a heterogeneous set of complications of organ transplantation associated with poor patient prognosis. We analyzed the clinicopathological features of PTLDs in 43 adult and pediatric recipients of solid organ or bone marrow transplantation at a large transplant service in the Republic of Korea between 1990 and 2009. Of 4545 solid organ and 747 bone marrow transplant recipients, 37 (0.81%) and 6 (0.8%), respectively, developed heterogeneous types of PTLDs. The cumulative incidences of PTLDs during this period were 1.79% (4/223) for heart transplant recipients, 0.78% (17/2192) for kidney transplant recipients, and 0.77% (16/2067) for liver transplant recipients. The patterns of disease onset, histology, and patient survival were associated with the types of organs transplanted. There is a trend for shorter overall survival (OS) in recipients with early‐onset PTLDs and monomorphic PTLD histology, while kidney transplant recipients showed favorable OS. This study may be the first comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of PTLDs in Korean patients.
Heading date QTL in rice derived from an analysis of chromosome segment substitution lines
Authors: Zhang Y.‐S. , Jiang L. , Liu X. , Liu S. , Chen L. , Zhai H. , Wan J. 
Published: January 2011

With 5 figures and 3 tables AbstractThe inheritance of heading date (HD) in rice was investigated using a set of lines in which chromosome segments of the photoperiod‐ and temperature‐sensitive male sterile line Peiai 64S had been incorporated into a genetic background of the cv. 9311. The flowering time of each line was contrasted with that of cv. 9311 in four distinct environments: natural long days (13.2–14.2 h photoperiod) and artificially shortened days (9 h photoperiod) at Nanjing; and natural (low) temperature and enhanced temperature at Hainan. A set of 21 heading date quantitative trait loci (QTL) was identified, covering eight of the 12 rice chromosomes, and their dependence on photoperiod and/or temperature was characterized. Two of the QTL were photoperiod‐sensitive, and eight were insensitive; while two were temperature‐sensitive and four insensitive; the remaining five QTL were independent of both temperature and photoperiod. Based on its segregation in an F2 population bred from the cross CSSL C053 ×  cv. 9311, the temperature‐ and photoperiod‐insensitive QTL qHd‐8‐4 was mapped within a segment of chromosome 8 flanked by the SSR marker RM22469 (1.9 cM) and RM72 (2.4 cM).
Automated erythrocytapheresis for severe falciparum malaria
Authors: Harris P. , Price S. , Senthuran S. , Cochupanachimootil J. , Norton R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe describe a case of severe falciparum malaria with hyperparasitaemia. Treatment with automated erythrocytapheresis, in conjunction with parenteral artesunate, produced a rapid and sustained fall in parasite burden. Several poor prognostic features were present at admission. Despite the development of a severe headache with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid parameters and transient pulmonary oedema, a complete recovery was observed. Erythrocytapheresis can be considered in selected cases where facilities exist and has theoretical and practical advantages over traditional methods of red cell exchange transfusion. The paucity of systematic or trial evidence convincingly demonstrating a benefit in terms of morbidity or mortality has limited its application. However, the lack of robust trial data should not in itself invalidate considering this therapeutic option in the appropriate context.
Severe sepsis: take care, take part
Authors: Huggan P. J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSevere sepsis is defined as organ dysfunction in the setting of systemic inflammatory response due to infection. With changes in population age, comorbidity and the delivery of medical care, severe sepsis is increasingly common, and can present in every area of the hospital. The major obstacles to improved outcomes in severe sepsis are deficiencies in healthcare staffing and education, haphazard recognition and response to early clinical deterioration and deviation from optimal management as defined by international guidelines. Major treatment errors were identified in 30% of patients with bacteraemia in one recent investigation. Against this, substantial reductions in mortality can be achieved by improving recognition, urgent care and resuscitation. With a view to improving survival in sepsis, collaborative efforts are required to measure outcomes, implement guidelines and secure adequate funding for ongoing practice improvement, education and research.
Trade‐offs between biomass growth and inducible biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate in transgenic poplar
Authors: Dalton David A. , Ma Cathleen , Shrestha Shreya , Kitin Peter , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryPolyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a bioplastic that can be produced in transgenic plants by the coexpression of three bacterial genes for its biosynthesis. PHB yields from plants have been constrained by the negative impacts on plant health that result from diversion of resources into PHB production; thus, we employed an ecdysone analogue–based system for induced gene expression. We characterized 49 insertion events in hybrid transgenic poplar (Populus tremula x alba) that were produced using Agrobacterium transformation and studied two high‐producing events in detail. Regenerated plants contained up to 1–2% PHB (dry weight) in leaves after 6–8 weeks of induction. Strong induction was observed with 1–10 mm Intrepid and limited direct toxicity observed. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize PHB granules in chloroplasts after chemical treatment to reduce autofluorescence. A greenhouse study indicated that there were no negative consequences of PHB production on growth unless the PHB content exceeded 1% of leaf weight; at PHB levels above 1%, growth (height, diameter and total mass) decreased by 10%–34%.
Development of the Cognitive Dysfunction Questionnaire (CDQ) in a population based sample
Authors: VESTERGREN PETER , RÖNNLUND MICHAEL , NYBERG LARS , NILSSON LARS‐GÖRAN 
Published: January 2011

Vestergren, P., Rönnlund, M., Nyberg, L. & Nilsson, L.‐G. (2011). Development of the Cognitive Dysfunction Questionnaire (CDQ) in a population based sample. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology52, 218–228.The study reports on the development of a questionnaire for assessment of adult cognitive dysfunction (CDQ). Participants in a population‐based sample (65 ± 15 years, N = 370) responded to a 90‐item pilot version covering multiple aspects of memory/cognition. Based on exploratory principal components analyses and correlations with criterion measures of cognitive functioning (MMSE, Block Design, semantic/episodic memory), 20 items loading on 6 components were selected for the final version of the questionnaire. Cronbach’s α for the total score was 0.90. There was evidence of construct validity as judged by correlations between CDQ scores, objective cognitive measures, and a subjective memory measure (PRMQ). Discriminant validity was demonstrated by a low and non‐significant correlation with depressive symptoms. Further evidence of construct validity was provided by correlations with age and educational attainment. In conclusion, the CDQ is promising as a self‐rating screening tool for cognitive dysfunction, and will be the subject of further development and validation.
Sensory analysis of lipstick
Authors: Yap K. C. S. , Aminah A. 
Published: January 2011

SynopsisSensory analysis of lipstick product by trained panellists started with recruiting female panels who are lipstick users, in good health condition and willing to be a part of sensory members. This group of people was further scrutinized with duo‐trio method using commercial lipstick samples that are commonly used among them. About 40% of the 15 panels recruited were unable to differentiate the lipstick samples they usually use better than chance. The balance of nine panels that were corrected at least with 65% across all trials in panels screening process was formed a working group to develop sensory languages as a means of describing product similarities and differences and a scoring system. Five sessions with each session took about 90 min were carried out using 10 types of lipsticks with different waxes mixture ratio in the formulation together with six commercial lipsticks that are the most common to the panels. First session was focus on listing out the panels’ perception towards the characteristic of the lipstick samples after normal application on their lips. Second session was focus on the refining and categorizing the responses gathered from the first session and translated into sensory attributes with its definition. Third session was focus on the scoring system. Fourth and fifth sessions were repetition of the third session to ensure consistency. In a collective effort of the panels, sensory attributes developed for lipstick were Spreadability, Off flavour, Hardness, Smoothness, Moist, Not messy, Glossy and Greasy. Analysis of variance was able to provide ample evidence on gauging the panel performance. A proper panels selecting and training was able to produce a reliable and sensitive trained panel for evaluating the product based on the procedures being trained.
Design and application of water‐in‐oil emulsions for use in lipstick formulations
Authors: Le Révérend B. J. D. , Taylor M. S. , Norton I. T. 
Published: January 2011

SynopsisThe addition of water to lipsticks in the form of a water‐in‐oil emulsion is an attractive opportunity for cosmetics manufacturers to deliver hydrophilic molecules to the consumers, as well as improving the moisturizing properties. In this work, the effect of the emulsifier type and water content on the structural properties of the designed products was investigated. It has been shown that PGPR leads to smaller droplets than the other emulsifiers tested. This was attributed to the ability of PGPR to form elastic interfaces that slow the coalescence between droplets during the process. It was also observed that crystals of wax tend to form structures at the interface upon cooling that prevent coalescence during storage. These structures also prevent leakage of water into the continuous phase. No effect of the water content on the melting properties of the emulsions was observed. Upon addition of more than 10% water, softening of the material was measured, due to the overall decrease in solid content. Addition of crystalline material (hard paraffin) was successfully used to reinstate the material properties.