bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed-Stock Analysis of Lake Sturgeon in the Menominee River Sport Harvest and Adjoining Waters of Lake Michigan
Authors: Bott Kristin , Kornely Gregory W. , Donofrio Michael C. , Elliott Robert F. , Scribner Kim T. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Lack of information about the rates and sources of population-specific mortality and habitat use during nonspawning periods has impeded the restoration of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Using eight microsatellite loci and mixed-stock analyses, we estimated the proportional contributions of spawning populations from throughout the Lake Michigan basin (n = 5) to the fall sport fishery in the lower Menominee River, Wisconsin. We compared estimates of harvest composition with estimates from collections made in adjacent open-water habitats in Green Bay. The analyses revealed that 81% (90% confidence interval [CI] = 72.9–89.3%; N = 104) of harvested individuals originated from the Menominee River; all of the bycaught fish originated in adjacent streams. The harvest composition estimates differed significantly from those of open waters immediately offshore (26.7% Menominee River; 90% CI = 9.7–44.8%; N = 36) and across Green Bay (27% Menominee River; 90% CI = 19.5–34.7%; N = 214), indicating that the harvest was not a random sample from across the basin. The harvest composition estimates were not consistent with the estimates of individuals in prespawning condition (females = 50%; males = 83%), suggesting that not all of the harvested fish were staging for spring spawning. The contributions of nontargeted and numerically depressed populations to the fishery are of management concern given efforts to rehabilitate populations. Spatially restricted harvests during nonbreeding periods may not protect numerically depressed populations originating in nearby streams.
A Spatially Explicit Model to Predict Walleye Spawning in an Eastern Lake Ontario Tributary
Authors: Kelder Brian F. , Farrell John M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Field egg collections coupled with physical habitat measurements were used to develop, apply, and validate a spatially explicit model to predict the spawning sites of walleyes Sander vitreus in an eastern Lake Ontario tributary. We collected 22,246 walleye eggs using passive traps and measured the attendant habitat variables, including substrate composition and heterogeneity, water depth and velocity, and cumulative spring water temperature. The squared term that we used for water depth in our regressions and selected over linear and polynomial fits better represented the relationship between spawning probability and depth. To predict walleye spawning likelihood, we developed 10 candidate models based on the available spawning data; following an information-theoretic approach, we compared the models by means of Akaike's information criterion. The best model had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.89 and a weight of evidence of 0.32, where the probability of spawning (egg presence) was associated with predominance of course substrate and shallow depth and timing was associated with the accumulated spring water temperature. The model was applied to the study stream and validated by additional egg collections. The model correctly classified egg presence/absence in 66.7% (10 of 15) of egg traps in the initial validation sample. After a high-flow event, classification success decreased to only 20% (3 of 15 traps), probably because of the redistribution of eggs to less suitable habitats in depositional areas. Prediction of walleye spawning distribution allows for reach-scale assessment of critical habitat to help guide spawning habitat restoration efforts.
Physiological Development and Vulnerability to Ceratomyxa shasta of Fall-Run Chinook Salmon in the Upper Klamath River Watershed
Authors: Maule Alec G. , VanderKooi Scott P. , Hamilton John B. , Stocking Richard , Bartholomew Jerri 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We evaluated a stock for restoring runs of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Upper Klamath River basin by monitoring its development in Iron Gate Hatchery and in net-pens in the Williamson River and Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon. We transferred age-1 hatchery fall Chinook salmon to net-pens in October 2005 and age-0 fall Chinook salmon in May 2006. Indices of smolt development were assessed in the hatchery and after 3 and 14 d in net-pens. Based on gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity and plasma thyroxine (T4) concentration, age-1 Chinook salmon were not developing smolt characteristics in the hatchery during October. Fish transferred to the river or lake had increased plasma cortisol in response to stress and increased T4 accompanying the change in water, but they did not have altered development. Variables in the age-0 Chinook salmon indicated that the fish in the hatchery were smolting. The fish in the river net-pens lost mass and had gill ATPase activity similar to that of the fish in the hatchery, whereas the fish transferred to the lake gained mass and length, had reduced condition factor, and had higher gill ATPase than the fish in the river. These results, along with environmental variables, suggest that the conditions in the lake were more conducive to smoltification than those in the river and thus accelerated the development of Chinook salmon. No Chinook salmon in the hatchery or either net-pen became infected with the myxosporean parasite Ceratomyxa shasta (the presence of which in the river and lake was confirmed) during either trial or when held for 90 d after a 10-d exposure in net-pens (2006 group). We concluded that that there is little evidence of physiological impairment or significant upriver vulnerability to C. shasta among this stock of fall Chinook salmon that would preclude them from being reintroduced into the Upper Klamath River basin.
The Incidence and Consequences of Barotrauma in Fish in the St. Lawrence River
Authors: Schreer Jason F. , Gokey Jason , DeGhett Victor J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Barotrauma is increasingly being recognized as a serious conservation and management issue in catch-and-release fisheries. Barotrauma results from decompression that can cause physiological alterations and physical injuries. During the summers of 2007 and 2008, we angled for fish in the St. Lawrence River to determine the incidence of barotrauma injuries and the related mortality rates. An angler survey was also conducted in 2008. A total of 212 fish were caught at depths ranging from 1 to 21 m. Sixty-three fish (30%) showed signs of barotrauma, 99% of these being smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, walleyes Sander vitreus, and yellow perch Perca flavescens. These three species represented 77% of all the fish caught and, excluding round goby Neogobius melanostomus, represented 94% of the fish caught at depths greater than 6 m. Signs of barotrauma were bloating (89%), loss of equilibrium (66%), stomach eversion (62%), bulging eyes (18%), hemorrhaging in the eyes and fins (12%), and anal eversion (5%). Most fish had multiple signs, approximately 50% showing loss of equilibrium, bloating, and stomach eversion. The incidence of barotrauma increased with depth, first appearing at 6.1 m. There was a threshold at approximately 10 m, from which the incidence rapidly increased to 100% at 21 m. Mortality occurred in 67% of the fish with barotrauma, even in those with less severe signs (e.g., mild bloating and slight loss of equilibrium only when stationary) and showed a similar rate of increase starting at 9 m. There were interspecific differences in the susceptibility to barotrauma that may be related to habitat preferences and physiological and physical differences that should be considered when targeting different species and depths.
Seasonal Movement of Dolly Varden and Cutthroat Trout with Respect to Stream Discharge in a Second-Order Stream in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Bryant M. D. , Lukey M. D. , McDonell J. P. , Gubernick R. A. , Aho R. S. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The relationship between the movement of small (&lt;150-mm) Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma and cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii and stream discharge is not well known in streams of southeast Alaska. We measured movement in a small headwater stream using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and stationary antennas to record time and date of movement. Fish with PIT tags were detected by transceivers and stationary antennas in the stream. The date and time of detection at an antenna were matched with stream discharge (m3/s) at the same date and time. Most Dolly Varden moved upstream during late summer and early fall. Most cutthroat trout movement was in May, and movement declined through the summer. Few fish moved during the winter. Most fish moved within a narrow discharge range, with a few moving at higher discharges. More than 97% of fish from both species were detected as moving upstream at discharges below the 5% exceedance level during the 4-year period of discharge measurements. Dolly Varden and cutthroat trout moved throughout the entire length of usable habitat in the stream. Connectivity throughout watersheds even within headwater streams is important and can be maintained for these species by use of road crossings that ensure passage over a range of flow conditions such as those described here.
Accuracy and Precision of Estimates of Back-Calculated Channel Catfish Lengths and Growth Increments Using Pectoral Spines and Otoliths
Authors: Michaletz Paul H. , Nicks Dean M. , Buckner Earl W. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Back-calculation of lengths at previous ages using measurements of growth increments on the bony structures of fish is a common practice, yet studies validating this procedure are few. Our objective was to determine the accuracy and precision of back-calculated lengths and the last growth increment for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus using pectoral spines and otoliths. In recent studies, the last growth increment has been related to the length of the fish at the start of the growing season to determine size-specific growth. Growth increments on basal sections of pectoral spines were measured along three radii—posterior (SP), anterior (SA), and lateral (SL)—and otoliths were measured along the ventral radius by three independent readers. Back-calculated lengths derived from eight models (biological intercept, body-proportional hypothesis [BPH] linear, BPH nonlinear, Dahl–Lee, Fraser–Lee, Morita–Matsuishi, scale-proportional hypothesis [SPH] linear, and SPH nonlinear) for each bony structure radius were compared with the actual growth histories of captive channel catfish to determine the best model and radius (for pectoral spines) for the two bony structures. The SPH linear model for SL provided the most accurate data for pectoral spines and was also appropriate for otoliths. Back-calculated lengths and last growth increments were considerably more accurate and precise for SL than for otoliths. The SPH linear model provided an initial length–last growth increment relationship that was similar to the observed relationship for SL but not for otoliths. We also estimated last growth increments and the initial length–last growth increment relationship from the traditionally used Dahl–Lee model for SP and found that these estimates were similar to those derived from the SPH linear model for SL. We recommend using the SPH linear model for SL to estimate length-at-age and growth increment data. However, the Dahl–Lee model for SP also provides reasonable estimates of the last growth increment.
Physiological Stress Responses of Rio Grande Silvery Minnow: Effects of Individual and Multiple Physical Stressors of Handling, Confinement, and Transport
Authors: Cho Sung Jin , Caldwell Colleen A. , Gould William R. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In an attempt to reestablish populations of Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus within its former range, initiatives were set forth to propagate the species in hatcheries, augment wild populations through repatriation, and rescue the species from isolated and receding pools. Physical stressors associated with these recovery efforts, however, result in stress that increases the vulnerability of the minnow to opportunistic pathogens and predation, possibly decreasing poststocking survival. We assessed the physiological stress response to standard management practices by characterizing the changes in plasma cortisol, glucose, and osmolality. When subjected to the individual stressors of 30 s of handling, 3 h of confinement (density, 100 kg/m3), or 3 h of transport (density, 40 kg/m3), moderate changes in plasma glucose and plasma osmolality were observed during recovery whereas changes in plasma cortisol were not detectable. When fish were subjected to consecutive stressors (30 s of handling only, 30 s of handling plus 3 h of confinement, or 30 s handling plus 3 h of confinement and 3 h of transport), plasma glucose exhibited a cumulative increase that was not observed for plasma cortisol. This increase in plasma glucose was observed within 3 h poststress when fish were subjected to a single stressor (22 mg/dL), two consecutive stressors (28 mg/dL), and three consecutive stressors (63 mg/dL). Plasma osmolality decreased from 282 to 269 mosmol/kg (compared with unstressed levels of 279 mosmol/kg) when minnows were subjected to three consecutive stressors, indicating moderate osmoregulatory dysfunction. Plasma glucose and osmolality returned to unstressed levels within 48 h, indicating that the species can regain its physiological homeostasis within a relatively short time as long as the stressors are reasonable in duration and intensity.
Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Complications Associated with Cyclooxygenase‐2 Selective and Nonselective Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Authors: Castellsague Jordi , Holick Crystal N. , Hoffman Clorinda C. , Gimeno Victoria , Stang Mary‐Rose , Perez‐Gutthann Susana 
Published: November 2009

Study Objective. To estimate the risk of upper gastrointestinal complications associated with use of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) selective (celecoxib and rofecoxib) and individual nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) compared with nonuse of these drugs.Design. Nested case‐control study.Data Source. Administrative health care databases of Saskatchewan, Canada.Patients. Among a population of men and women aged 20–89 years who were covered by public health insurance with prescription drug benefits between November 15, 1999, and December 31, 2001, 726 case patients with first hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal complications (with validation of cases through review of hospital medical records) were confirmed from 1,054,532 person‐years of follow‐up, and 20,002 control patients were randomly selected from all eligible controls, frequency matched to cases on their index date (± 3 mo).Measurements and Main Results. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between upper gastrointestinal complications and use of NSAIDs. Current rofecoxib and naproxen users had the highest risk for upper gastrointestinal complications with adjusted ORs of 3.6 (95% CI 2.2–5.7) and 3.4 (95% CI 1.8‐6.7), respectively. No association was found between the risk of upper gastrointestinal complications and use of celecoxib (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7‐1.8) or the use of diclofenac plus misoprostol (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.3‐1.8). A dose‐response relationship was observed for rofecoxib and naproxen with ORs for high dose of 5.2 (95% CI 2.5–10.6) and 5.1 (95% CI 2.1–12.3), respectively. Short‐term users of celecoxib and naproxen had a higher risk than long‐term users, whereas among users of rofecoxib the risk was higher among long‐term than short‐term users.Conclusion. These findings support the variability of individual NSAIDs in the elevated risk of upper gastrointestinal complications. Our results suggest that the risk for rofecoxib is similar to that for naproxen. Celecoxib users appear to have a similar risk for upper gastrointestinal complications as nonusers; however, the risk may be increased at the start of treatment with celecoxib.
Last‐Observation‐Carried‐Forward Imputation Method in Clinical Efficacy Trials: Review of 352 Antidepressant Studies
Authors: Woolley Stephen B. , Cardoni Alex A. , Goethe John W. 
Published: November 2009

Study Objective. To determine the prevalence, over 40 years, of using the last‐observation‐carried‐forward (LOCF) imputation method in clinical trials, the association between use of LOCF and how the trials were conducted, and the extent of information about attrition and LOCF use in published reports.Design. Retrospective analysis of the reports of randomized antidepressant efficacy trials published over a 40‐year period (1965–2004).Data Sources. MEDLINE database, Cochrane reviews, reference‐ and bibliography‐based manual search, and publication list services.Measurements and Main Results. A total of 352 trials met the following criteria for analysis: antidepressant comparative efficacy trial, randomized design, patients with major depressive disorder, English‐language article, published during 1965–2004, and first report of a trial. Design, attrition, and data analysis characteristics were recorded by investigators and trained assistants. Analyses included descriptive statistics of the trial size, duration, and number of patients who dropped out in LOCF versus non‐LOCF studies, as well as the extent to which dropouts and the potential bias associated with attrition was discussed in the published report. The frequency of published antidepressant clinical trials increased from less than 1 trial/year (1965–1974) to 19 trials/year (1990–1994). Trials using the LOCF method were significantly larger than non‐LOCF trials (p<0.01), and the proportion of subjects dropping out was significantly greater (p<0.05) in LOCF versus non‐LOCF trials. The proportion of subjects dropping out remained relatively constant over time (˜30%) but was significantly greater among LOCF (30.9%) than non‐LOCF (28.8%) trials (p<0.01). The LOCF study articles were more likely to report dropouts, but only 7% of these articles reported outcomes recorded for subjects before they dropped out. Less than 16% of articles discussed bias associated with dropouts, 6.8% discussed the direction of bias, and only about 2% suggested the magnitude of the bias.Conclusion. The percentage of clinical antidepressant trials using the LOCF method and the percentage of study subjects' data imputed by using LOCF increased many‐fold during 1965–2004. Published reports of trials provided little information to allow readers to assess possible bias introduced by use of the LOCF method.
Patterns and Predictors of Discontinuation of Rhythm‐Control Drug Therapy in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kim Michael H. , Klingman David , Lin Jay , Battleman David S. 
Published: November 2009

Study Objective. To assess patterns and predictors of discontinuation of rhythm‐control drug therapy in managed care patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation and the direct medical costs of atrial fibrillation in these patients.Design. Retrospective cohort study.Data Source. PharMetrics Patient‐Centric Database.Patients. A total of 3549 adults with a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2006, and who had at least one claim for rhythm‐control drug therapy within 6 months of the initial diagnosis.Measurements and Main Results. Discontinuation (defined as a gap in rhythm‐control drug therapy coverage [days' supply] 30 days) was assessed after the initiation of rhythm‐control therapy. Among the 3549 patients included in the analysis, 2688 (75.7%) discontinued initial rhythm‐control therapy in the first 12 months, with a median time to discontinuation of 89 days. Significant predictors of rhythm‐control therapy discontinuation included cardiac arrest (odds ratio [OR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04‐4.83), history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.02–4.05), valvular heart disease (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.33‐2.09), ischemic heart disease (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13‐1.82), and severity of illness (Charlson Comorbidity Index score; OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01‐1.17). Over 12 months, 661 (18.6%) of the 3549 patients had a hospital stay and 285 (8.0%) had an emergency department visit that were related to atrial fibrillation. Total annual atrial fibrillation‐related costs/patient were $6165: $3872 for inpatient costs, $1503 for outpatient costs, and $790 for pharmacy costs.Conclusion. Initial rhythm‐control drug therapy is associated with a high rate of discontinuation, especially early in therapy. Such rates of discontinuation will likely have an impact on the effectiveness of disease management and the quality of care in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Impact of Dexmedetomidine on Analgesic Requirements in Patients After Cardiac Surgery in a Fast‐Track Recovery Room Setting
Authors: Barletta Jeffrey F. , Miedema Sherri L. , Wiseman Douglas , Heiser John C. , McAllen Karen J. 
Published: November 2009

Study Objective. To compare postoperative opioid requirements in patients who received dexmedetomidine versus propofol after cardiac surgery.Design. Retrospective cohort study.Setting. Large, community teaching hospital that uses a fast‐track cardiovascular recovery unit (CVRU) model.Patients. One hundred adults who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery and/or valvular surgery, and who received either dexmedetomidine (50 patients) or propofol (50 patients) for perioperative sedation.Measurements and Main Results. Patients were matched according to surgery type and left ventricular ejection fraction. Opioid requirements were assessed over two time intervals: from arrival in the CVRU to discontinuation of the sedative infusion, and from CVRU arrival to CVRU discharge, up to a maximum of 72 hours if admission to the intensive care unit was necessary. All postoperative opioid doses were converted to morphine equivalents. Length of mechanical ventilation, quality of sedation, adverse drug events, and sedation‐related costs were determined. Opioid requirements were significantly lower during the sedative infusion period for dexmedetomidine‐treated patients than for propofol‐treated patients (median [range] 0 [0–10 mg] vs 4 mg [0–33 mg], p<0.001), but not through the entire CVRU admission (median [range] 26 mg [0–119 mg] vs 30 mg (0–100 mg], p=0.284). The proportion of patients who did not require opioids during the infusion was significantly higher in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the propofol group (32 [64%] vs 13 [26%], p<0.001). No significant differences were noted between the groups for length of mechanical ventilation, quality of sedation, or adverse events. Sedation‐related costs were significantly higher (˜$50/patient higher) with dexmedetomidine (p<0.001)Conclusion. Dexmedetomidine resulted in lower opioid requirements in patients after cardiac surgery versus those receiving propofol, but this did not result in shorter durations of mechanical ventilation, using a fast‐track CVRU model.