bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of experimental diabetes and insulin replacement on epididymal secretory products and sperm maturation in albino rats
Authors: Singh Soudamani , Malini Thayman , Rengarajan Srinivasan , Balasubramanian Karundevi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe present study is aimed to explore the impact of experimental diabetes and insulin replacement on epididymal secretory products, sperm count, motility, and fertilizing ability in albino rats. Prepubertal and adult male Wistar strain rats were made diabetic with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), at 120 and 65 mg/kg body weight for prepubertal and adult rats, respectively. After 3 days of STZ administration, insulin was given to a group of diabetic rats at a dose of 3 U/100 g body weight, subcutaneously and killed after 20 days of treatment. STZ‐diabetes significantly reduced the epididymal tissue concentrations of testosterone, androgen‐binding protein, sialic acid, glycerylphosphoryl choline, and carnitine, suggesting its adverse effects on the secretory activity and concentrating capacity of epididymal epithelium. Impaired cauda epididymidal sperm motility and fertility (in vivo) of STZ‐diabetic rats imply the defective sperm maturation. Insulin replacement prevented these changes either partially or completely. From the above findings, it is evident that STZ‐diabetes has an adverse effect on sperm maturation, which may be due to the decrease in the bioavailability of testosterone and epididymal secretory products. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1094–1101, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer stem cells: Cell culture, markers, and targets for new therapies
Authors: Gilbert Candace A. , Ross Alonzo H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA cancer stem cell (CSC) is defined as an undifferentiated cell with the ability to self‐renew, differentiate to multiple lineages and initiate tumors that mimic the parent tumor. In this review, we focus on glioblastomas, describing recent progress and problems in characterizing these cells. There have been advances in CSC culture, but tumor cell heterogeneity has made purification of CSCs difficult. Indeed, it may be that CSCs significantly vary from tumor to tumor. We also discuss the proposal that CSCs are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and play a major role in repopulating tumors following treatment. To overcome their resistance to conventional therapies, we may be able to use our extensive knowledge of the signaling pathways essential for stem cells during development. These pathways have potential as targets for new glioblastoma therapies. Hence, although there is an ongoing debate on the nature of CSCs, the theory continues to suggest new ideas for both the lab and the clinic. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1031–1038, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motivational interviewing in the assessment and management of suicidality
Authors: Zerler Harry 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMotivational Interviewing (MI) can be effectively applied to clinical crises and suicidal patients. A case example of a suicidal patient demonstrates traditional management combined with two evidence‐based practices: MI and Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality. The case example illustrates some benefits and limitations of the application of these innovative approaches in a difficult area of clinical practice. A rationale for further clinical use is advanced. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:1–11, 2009.
Polyfluorene‐Based Blue‐Emitting Materials
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Liu Shu‐Juan , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPolyfluorenes are a class of promising blue light‐emitting conjugated polymer due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the applications of polyfluorenes in polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) have been hampered by the appearance of long‐wavelength green emission, leading to the problem of color purity and stability. Hence, the preparation of pure blue‐emitting polyfluorenes becomes very important for the realization of real blue‐emitting PLEDs. In this short review, we introduce the efforts made by our group to realize polyfluorenes with pure blue emission, including the incorporation of spirobifluorene units, heterofluorene units, hyperbranched, and star‐shaped structures into polymer backbones.magnified image
Interpolation via translations
Authors: Rasga João , Carnielli Walter , Sernadas Cristina 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new technique is presented for proving that a consequence system enjoys Craig interpolation or Maehara interpolation based on the fact that these properties hold in another consequence system. This technique is based on the existence of a back and forth translation satisfying some properties between the consequence systems. Some examples of translations satisfying those properties are described. Namely a translation between the global/local consequence systems induced by fragments of linear logic, a Kolmogorov‐Gentzen‐Gödel style translation, and a new translation between the global consequence systems induced by full Lambek calculus and linear logic, mixing features of a Kiriyama‐Ono style translation with features of a Kolmogorov‐Gentzen‐Gödel style translation. These translations establish a strong relationship between the logics involved and are used to obtain new results about whether Craig interpolation and Maehara interpolation hold in that logics (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The current role of the vascularized‐fibular osteocutaneous graft in the treatment of segmental defects of the upper extremity
Authors: Hollenbeck Scott T. , Komatsu Issei , Woo Shoshana , Schoeman Mark , Yang Jun , Erdmann Detlev , Levin L. Scott 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLarge osseous defects of the upper extremity can be a challenging problem for the reconstructive surgeon. There are numerous treatment options reported in the literature with variable results. We review our experience with the vascularized‐fibular osteocutaneous graft for these complex defects with a focus on surgical techniques and outcomes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Metabolism and actions of conjugated linoleic acids on atherosclerosis‐related events in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells
Authors: Eder Klaus , Ringseis Robert 
Published: September 2009

AbstractConjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are biologically highly active lipid compounds that have attracted great scientific interest due to their ability to cause either inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque development or even regression of pre‐established atherosclerotic plaques in mice, hamsters and rabbits. The underlying mechanisms of action, however, are only poorly understood. Since cell culture experiments are appropriate to gain insight into the mechanisms of action of a compound, the present review summarizes data from cell culture studies about the metabolism and the actions of CLAs on atherosclerosis‐related events in endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are important cells contributing to atherosclerotic lesion development. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that CLAs exert several beneficial actions including inhibition of inflammatory and vasoactive mediator release from ECs and SMCs, which may help explain the anti‐atherogenic effect of CLAs observed in vivo. The observation that significant levels of CLA metabolites, which have been reported to have significant biological activities, are well detectable in ECs and SMCs indicates that the anti‐atherogenic effects observed with CLAs are presumably mediated not only by CLAs themselves but also by their metabolites.
The research on the mechanical and tribological properties of carbon fiber and carbon nanotube‐filled PEEK composite
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Liqiang Q. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe main objective of this article is to develop high wear resistance carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composite with addition of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). These compounds were well mixed in a Haake batch mixer, and compounded polymers were fabricated into sheets of known thickness by compression molding. Samples were tested for wear resistance with respect to different concentration of fillers. The wear resistance properties of these samples depend on filler aspect ratio. Wear resistance of composite with 20 wt% of CF increases when MWCNT was introduced. The worn surface features have been examined using scanning electron microscope. Photomicrographs of the worn surfaces revealed higher wear resistance with the addition of carbon nanotube. Also, better interfacial adhesion between carbon and vinyl ester in carbon‐reinforced vinyl ester composite was observed. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1315–1320, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Bone metabolic disorder in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT): impact of ADT on the growth hormone/insulin‐like growth factor‐1/parathyroid hormone axis
Authors: Isahaya Etsuko , Hara Noboru , Nishiyama Tsutomu , Hoshii Tatsuhiko , Takizawa Itsuhiro , Takahashi Kota 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been associated with bone loss in patients with prostate cancer, its mechanism remains unclear. The growth hormone (GH)/insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1)/parathyroid hormone (PTH) axis plays a critical role in bone synthesis, but its activity during ADT is also unknown.METHODSSeventy‐one patients with localized prostate cancer, who received ADT, were prospectively studied based on their bone mineral density (BMD) and blood and urine samples at the baseline and after ADT for 6 months.RESULTSThe IGF‐1 level was correlated with BMD before ADT (rs = 0.325, P = 0.007), but such a relationship disappeared after ADT (P = 0.565). Following ADT, the serum IGF‐1 level increased compared with that at the baseline (22 ± 6 nmol/L vs. 19 ± 5 nmol/L, respectively, P < 0.001). The serum PTH level was reduced after ADT (41 ± 33 ng/L) compared with the baseline (55 ± 44 ng/L) (P < 0.001), but no change was observed in the serum GH level (P = 0.691). Bone resorption markers such as blood N‐telopeptide (NTx), urinary NTx, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus levels increased after ADT (P < 0.001 in all). The ratio of the IGF‐1 level after ADT/before ADT was associated with the ratio of the value after ADT/before ADT of alkaline phosphatase (rs = 0.266, P = 0.025) and calcium (rs = 0.242, P = 0.042).CONCLUSIONDespite the unaffected GH and upregulated bone resorption, the serum IGF‐1 level was elevated by ADT. The IGF‐1 level was correlated with BMD before ADT, but the relationship was disrupted after ADT. IGF‐1 or its receptor in the bone may be functionally inactivated during ADT. Prostate 70: 155–161, 2010. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radical prostatectomy: Influence on serum and urinary androgen levels
Authors: Olsson Mats , Ekström Lena , Schulze Jenny , Kjellman Anders , Akre Olof , Rane Anders , Gustafsson Ove 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of the prostate as an active endocrine organ and the hormonal changes after radical prostatectomy (RP) has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum and urine hormonal changes after RP.METHODSFifty‐five healthy men with localized prostate cancer were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study at a single academic center. We measured serum levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in all 55 patients preoperatively and in 53 patients 90 days postoperatively. Free testosterone was calculated in all patients. Inhibin B levels was analyzed in 44 patients pre‐ and postoperatively. Steroid urine profile including testosterone, DHT, 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (3αAdiol), and androsterone (ADT) was also determined preoperatively and 90 days postoperatively in 18 patients.RESULTSThere were 53% increase in serum LH (P < 0.0001), 21% increase in serum FSH (P < 0.0001), and 13% decrease in DHT levels (P < 0.03). There were no significant changes in any other serum hormone investigated. Urinary levels of DHT glucuronides (DHT‐G) decreased by 67% (P < 0.0003) while Androsterone‐G and 3αAdiol‐G increased by 37% (P = 0.019) and 44% (P = 0.023), respectively. There were no alterations in the urinary levels of the other steroids investigated. Inhibin B levels correlated inversely with both FSH (r = −0.67, P < 0.0001) and LH (r = −0.51, P = 0.0004).CONCLUSIONRP leads to significant increases in serum gonadotropins and significant DHT decrease in both serum and urine. These hormonal changes are independent of inhibin B. Prostate 70: 200–205, 2010. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protective effects of melatonin in reduction of oxidative damage and immunosuppression induced by aflatoxin B1‐contaminated diets in young chicks
Authors: Sirajudeen M. , Gopi Kandasamy , Tyagi Jagbir Singh , Moudgal Ram Phal , Mohan Jag , Singh Ram 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the present study, the ability of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to induce endogenous oxidative damages and the possible ameliorating effects of dietary melatonin (MEL) were investigated. Newly hatched broiler chicks (n = 240) were fed aflatoxin‐contaminated diets (0.5 or 1 mg kg−1 diet) with or without MEL (40 mg kg−1 bw) supplementation in diet for 40 days. AFB1 resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver and erythrocytes accompanied with suppression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities of erythrocytes. It also caused a significant reduction in levels of serum proteins and marked elevation in activities of serum transaminases. AFB1 treatment also decreased both humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses in growing chicks. Simultaneous administration of MEL with AFB1 resulted in an obvious improvement in all the tested parameters. Long‐term rather than short‐term administration of MEL was more effective in rendering protection against AFB1‐induced toxicity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 26: 153–160, 2011.
Fishing through time: population dynamics of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) in the Kattegat–Skagerrak over a century
Authors: Cardinale Massimiliano , Hagberg Jacob , Svedäng Henrik , Bartolino Valerio , Gedamke Todd , Hjelm Joakim , Börjesson Patrik , Norén Fredrik 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOver the past century, advances in technology and historical events such as climate change have resulted in significant changes in the exploitation pattern, population sizes and the potential yield of fish stocks. These variations provide contrast in the data that improves our knowledge on population dynamics and our ability to develop management strategies for long‐term sustainable exploitation. In this study, we use a standardized scientific trawl survey to obtain a historical time series (1901–2007) of relative abundance, recruitment and size structure for plaice in the Kattegat–Skagerrak. Our work extends the available time series by more than 80 years so that the evaluation of trends is more informative than is possible from the current assessment. We show that the current adult biomass is approximately 40% of the maximum observed at the beginning of the century and during the 1960s. The average maximum individual length has been reduced by 10 cm over the studied time period. An analysis of trends in mean length indicates that fishing mortality was variable during the first half of the century and has increased steadily over the past 20 years. Recruitment has been the highest on record during recent years, suggesting that the alleged link between coastal environmental degradation and juvenile survival is of low importance. The overall findings of our work will provide managers with a historical perspective on the population dynamics of the stock, which will support the long‐term management of plaice in the Kattegat–Skagerrak.
Property Rights and Patent Litigation in Early Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Khan B. Zorina 
Published: September 2009

Economic development depends on the establishment of appropriate institutions, such as a patent system that defends property rights in inventions. Skeptics argue that patents in early America were unenforceable because judges arbitrarily ruled against patentees. I examine 795 patent cases to assess the role of the courts and find that judges protected patent rights because they believed that inventors were motivated by expected returns. Although changes occurred in the 1850s, the courts consistently upheld the view that the patent system fostered economic growth. If inventive activity indeed responded to material incentives, this finding implies that the legal system stimulated technical change by reinforcing the effectiveness of the patent system.The laws of the United States are extremely favorable to the division of property.—Alexis de Tocqueville,Democracy in America
Imperfect Competition and Anglo-German Trade Rivalry: Markets for Cotton Textiles before 1914
Authors: Brown John C. 
Published: September 2009

This article reappraises export performance on international markets before World War I by examinnig the case of cotton textiles. The German industry expanded its market share from the 1850s to 1914 despite remaining a high-cost industry relative to Great Britain. Evidence from contemporary accounts and analysis of trade data from 1913 suggests that German success arose in part from the importance of monopolistic competition in export markets for finished cloth. Germany’s relative wealth, geographic position, and perhaps the intensive marketing efforts of its industry may have enabled it to counter the cost advantage of its British rival.Their heads are still gay with crimson kerchiefs, but those kerchiefs do not come from Manchester.—E. E. Williams
The Banality of Death
Authors: Plant Bob 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNotwithstanding the burgeoning literature on death, philosophers have tended to focus on the significance death has (or ought/ought not to have) forthe one who dies. Thus, while the relevance one's own death has for others (and the significance others' deaths have for us) is often mentioned, it is rarely attributed any great importance to the purportedrealphilosophical issues. This is a striking omission, not least because the deaths of others – and the anticipated effects our own death will have on those we leave behind – are normally of great importance outside the confines of academic philosophy. In this paper I want to do three things: (i) argue that philosophers' treatment of death tends to distort the issue (Sections I–III); (ii) outline some of the ways others' deaths figure in how we assess our own mortality (Sections IV–V); and (iii) raise some general questions about the value of ‘theorising’ death (Section VI).
Eutrophication: Can nanophosphorous control this menace?
Authors: Bhalla Deepika , Mukhopadhyay Siddhartha 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEutrophication is a threat to quality of surface and ground water bodies (SWB) and to bio-diversity of the aquatic eco-system. One of the causes of P accumulation in SWB is its excess application as a fertilizer on agricultural lands. Phosphorus buffering also contributes to eutrophication and remains a major problem years after the release of P is brought under control. It could be discerned from many experiments conducted world over that addition of small amount of P can remove excess P from soils, provided the solution P is maintained in such a manner that productivity is sustained, and nano-P could possibly play a role in it. In such endeavours, P must be applied to soils in amount exact to the requirement of crop. Of course ecological cautions of use of nano-P must not be ignored. Nanoscience approach can deal with the twin contradictions – between low solubility and excess application by opening new avenues to improve nutrient use efficiency and reduce P build ups in soils and thereby reducing its load in SWB and checking contamination in drinking water. Many P fertilizers contain heavy metals, which can be eliminated by nano-P. The success of zeophonics demonstrates that a system can be made self-supporting, and can supply nutrients to plants for a long time. To comprehend P dynamics, land and SWB system must be treated holistically, and sub-divided into components, each with realistic independent system-variables coupled with the processes, which tie these system variables. In nano-P ventures high resolution imaging not only provides evidence of the changes that occur in various phases, but is also an indispensable tool to understand how P dynamics operate.
Pseudoepidemic of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in a Community Hospital
Authors: Mehta Jay B. , Kefri Maher , Soike David R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSoon after our hospital instituted the BACTEC mycobacterial isolation system, the proportion of cultures positive for nontuberculous mycobacteria increased dramatically. After eliminating other possible sources of contamination, the BACTEC probe's sterilization time and temperature were increased, and the incidence of positive mycobacterial cultures returned to its former rate.
Ribotyping of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates From a Canadian Hospital
Authors: Nath Swapan K. , Shea Barb , Jackson Susan , Rotstein Coleman 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the clonality of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains among hospitalized patients.Setting:University-affiliated, 465-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital with adjacent cancer clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.Design:Thirty-five colonized and 30 infected patients from January 2, 1992, through August 31, 1993, were investigated retrospectively. Analysis by restriction fragment-length polymorphisms of ribosomal RNA genes (ie, ribotyping) of 103 nosocomial isolates of MRSA from these 65 patients and of 25 selected unrelated strains was completed. Ribotyping results were compared with the phage typing data obtained prospectively during the course of prospective MRSA surveillance.Results:HindIII ribotyping was more discriminating than phage typing when epidemiologically unrelated strains were differentiated by these methods (19 different ribotypes versus 14 phage types; P< .005). Two early index cases were identified. Isolates from the index cases were two different strains, identified by ribotyping analysis as ribotype A (clonal group 1) and ribotype B (clonal group 2), respectively. These two ribotypes were not found when typing the unrelated control strains. Thirty-six colonized and infected patients (55%) had clonal group 1 isolates, and 20 (31%) had clonal group 2 isolates. These two clones emerged in the hospital in January and February 1992 and dominated the entire investigated period. There also were six patients with an additional clonal group (group 4) that emerged and disappeared in the second quarter of 1993.Conclusions:This study highlights the utility of ribotyping in investigating nosocomial MRSA. Three MRSA clones caused nosocomial colonization or infection in patients at this hospital. Two of these MRSA clones, once introduced, were maintained among our patients throughout the study period.
A Pseudoepidemic of Rhodotorula rubra: A Marker for Microbial Contamination of the Bronchoscope
Authors: Hagan Margaret E. , Klotz Stephen A. , Bartholomew William , Potter Lonna , Nelson Michael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRhodotorula rubra was isolated from bronchoscopy specimens from 11 patients. An investigation of the bronchoscopy equipment and the bronchoscopy suite revealed contamination of the suction channel with R rubra, as well as potentially pathogenic bacteria. Disinfection control methods included gas sterilization of the bronchoscope and the institution of an alcohol and air flush through the suction channel to allow complete drying of the scope between each patient use. We have had no further isolates of R rubra from bronchoscopy specimens since these measures were instituted, and repeat cultures from the suction channel have been negative.