bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating long‐distance travel patterns in Israel by tracking cellular phone positions
Authors: Bekhor Shlomo , Cohen Yehoshua , Solomon Charles 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYLong‐distance trips are generally under‐reported in typical household surveys, because of relative low frequency of these trips. This paper proposes to utilize location data from cellular phone systems in order to study long‐distance travel patterns. The proposed approach allows passive data collection on many travelers over a long period of time at low costs. The paper presents the results of a study that applies cellular phone technology to assess trips at the national level. The method was specifically designed to capture long distance trips, as part of the development of a national demand model conducted for the Economics and Planning Department of the Israel Ministry of Transport. The method allows the construction of origin–destination tables directly from the cellular phone positions. The paper presents selected results to illustrate the potential of the method for transportation planning and analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phonology and vocal behavior in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Schoen Elizabeth , Paul Rhea , Chawarska Katarzyna 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the phonological and other vocal productions of children, 18–36 months, with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to compare these productions to those of age‐matched and language‐matched controls. Speech samples were obtained from 30 toddlers with ASD, 11 age‐matched toddlers and 23 language‐matched toddlers during either parent–child or clinician–child play sessions. Samples were coded for a variety of speech‐like and nonspeech vocalization productions. Toddlers with ASD produced speech‐like vocalizations similar to those of language‐matched peers, but produced significantly more atypical nonspeech vocalizations when compared to both control groups. Toddlers with ASD show speech‐like sound production that is linked to their language level, in a manner similar to that seen in typical development. The main area of difference in vocal development in this population is in the production of atypical vocalizations. Findings suggest that toddlers with ASDs do not tune into the language model of their environment. Failure to attend to the ambient language environment negatively impacts the ability to acquire spoken language.Autism Res 2011,4:177–188. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contactin 4 as an autism susceptibility locus
Authors: Cottrell Catherine E. , Bir Natalie , Varga Elizabeth , Alvarez Carlos E. , Bouyain Samuel , Zernzach Randall , Thrush Devon L. , Evans Johnna , Trimarchi Michael , Butter Eric M. , Cunningham David , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , McBride Kim L. , Herman Gail E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractStructural and sequence variation have been described in several members of the contactin (CNTN) and contactin‐associated protein (CNTNAP) gene families in association with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Using array comparative genome hybridization (CGH), we identified a maternally inherited ∼535 kb deletion at 3p26.3 encompassing the 5′ end of the contactin 4 gene (CNTN4) in a patient with autism. Based on this finding and previous reports implicating genomic rearrangements of CNTN4 in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 3p− microdeletion syndrome, we undertook sequencing of the coding regions of the gene in a local ASD cohort in comparison with a set of controls. Unique missense variants were identified in 4 of 75 unrelated individuals with ASD, as well as in 1 of 107 controls. All of the amino acid substitutions were nonsynonomous, occurred at evolutionarily conserved positions, and were, thus, felt likely to be deleterious. However, these data did not reach statistical significance, nor did the variants segregate with disease within all of the ASD families. Finally, there was no detectable difference in binding of two of the variants to the interacting protein PTPRG in vitro. Thus, additional larger studies will be necessary to determine whether CNTN4 functions as an autism susceptibility locus in combination with other genetic and/or environmental factors.Autism Res 2011,4:189–199. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive textile und folienbasierte Gebäudehüllen
Authors: Haase Walter , Klaus Thorsten , Schmid Fabian , Sobek Werner , Sedlbauer Klaus , Schmidt Timo , Synold Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAufgrund der fortlaufenden Weiterentwicklung von innovativen Textilien, Folien und smarten Funktionsmaterialien ergeben sich für diese neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten im Bereich von Gebäudehüllen. Die Flexibilität, Transluzenz und die einzigartigen ästhetischen Eigenschaften von hocheffizienten Textilien eröffnen ein großes Potential für die Anwendung in der Architektur. Dies resultiert aus ihrer Leichtigkeit, der klaren Formensprache und einer einfachen Fügetechnologie, welche in hohem Maße die Aspekte der Rezyklierbarkeit und der Nachhaltigkeit positiv beeinflusst. In diesem Beitrag werden die Anforderungen an derartige Gebäudehüllen beschrieben, das Konzept der mehrlagigen textilen und folienbasierten Hülle erläutert und die Besonderheiten bezüglich der bauphysikalischen Auslegung beschrieben. Auf die Charakterisierung von Werkstoffen und auch auf die besonderen Anforderungen an die Simulation textiler Fassaden wird eingegangen.Adaptive textile and film‐based building envelopes. With the ongoing development of advanced textiles and smart materials, promising new possibilities are emerging in the field of building cladding systems. The flexibility, translucency, and unique aesthetic characteristics of high‐performance textiles present a wide range of architectural potential, while their light weight, simplicity, and typically discrete construction offer significant advantages with respect to recyclability and sustainable design. Designed with care, textile materials have the potential to revolutionize the building envelope, in the form of multilayer adaptive textile cladding systems. This article will explore the challenging requirements which must be met by these systems, explain the concept of multilayer textile‐ and film‐based envelopes, and describe their unique behavioural characteristics in the building science context. The need for accurate material property characterization and advanced simulation techniques will also be discussed.
Das Prinzip des Faltens in Architektur und Ingenieurbau
Authors: Trautz Martin , Ayoubi Mazen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFalten und Faltungen stellen ein effizientes Konstruktionsprinzip dar, das in Architektur und Ingenieurwesen bisher aber eher selten eingesetzt wurde. Faltungen vereinigen Raumbildung und Lastabtragung in sich und können konstruktiv entweder starr oder beweglich und damit wandelbar durchgebildet werden. Numerische Methoden und parametrische Konstruktion machen es möglich, beliebig geformte Flächentragwerke mit Faltungen zu versehen oder die Bewegungen wandelbarer Faltungen zu beschreiben. Mit diesen Mitteln wird ein Bau‐ und Konstruktionsprinzip für die Technik verfügbar, das bisher weitestgehend der Natur vorbehalten war.The application of folded plate principles in architecture and civil engineering. Folding and corrugation represent an efficient construction principle. Until now its potential has been scarcely exploited in architecture and engineering. Folding systems combine both spatial development and load transfer together. Moreover they can be rigid and unmoving or kinematic. Numeric computer processes and parametric constructions allow the design of various folding layouts as well as the description of movements of kinematic folding. This design tool establishes the technical basics for the implementation of this building and construction principle, which was originally found in nature.
Wandelbare Faltungen aus biegesteifen Faltelementen
Authors: Künstler Arne , Trautz Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWandelbare Faltungen vereinen die statischen Vorzüge zueinander aufgefalteter Flächen mit denen der Veränderbarkeit der ganzen Struktur. Voraussetzung für die statische Nutzbarkeit ist die Tragfähigkeit und damit die Biegesteifigkeit der Faltflächen, die wiederum Faltelemente aus entsprechend biegefestem Material von endlicher Dicke bedingen. Infolgedessen muss die Beweglichkeit der Faltflächen zueinander ausschließlich über die gelenkigen Zwischenverbindungen erzeugt werden, deren notwendigen Bewegungsfreiheitsgrade sich in Abhängigkeit von der Art und Konfiguration der Faltung und der Abmessung der Faltelemente bestimmen. In den folgenden Ausführungen werden die wichtigsten Aspekte dieser für wandelbare Faltungen typischen, wechselseitigen Abhängigkeit von Kinetik, Statik, Faltstruktur und Konstruktion beschrieben.Deployable folding patterns using stiff plate elements. Deployable folding patterns unify the structural advances of folded plate systems with the deployability of the whole structure. The essential requirement for the structural usability is the load bearing capacity of the plate elements and therefore its bending stiffness resulting in bending resistant materials of finite thickness. Therefore only the flexible connection between the plate elements must induce the movability. The degree of freedom of the connections is determined by the matter and configuration of the folding pattern and the dimensions of the folding elements. In the following the most important aspects of typical interrelated dependencies within kinetics, structure, folding systems and construction regarding deployable folding patterns will be described.
Probabilistische Berücksichtigung von Kosten‐ und Mengenrisiken in der Angebotskalkulation
Authors: Flemming Christian , Netzker Markus , Schöttle Annett 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Bauausführenden sehen sich mit einer Vielzahl von Risiken konfrontiert, die ihre unternehmerische Existenz langfristig gefährden oder sogar beenden können. Bauunternehmen sind gefordert, die Risiken eines Projektes zu identifizieren und zu bewerten und aus diesen Erkenntnissen Maßnahmen ergreifen zu können. Innerhalb des kybernetischen Regelkreises des Risikomanagements müssen die Maßnahmen auf ihre Wirksamkeit untersucht und die Risiken erneut bewertet werden. Ein effizient durchgeführtes Risikomanagement kann zudem ein Wettbewerbsvorteil gegenüber anderen Wettbewerbern bedeuten. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine Methode zur Quantifizierung von Kosten‐ und Mengenrisiken. Die Betrachtung erfolgt auf der Ebene der Leistungspositionen eines Leistungsverzeichnisses. Eine Risikobewertung auf dieser Detailierungsebene wurde bisher noch nicht durchgeführt. Mittels stochastischer Ansätze werden die Risiken aus den vom Bauherrn ausgeschriebenen Mengenansätzen und den vom Bauunternehmen gewählten Kostenkalkulationsansätzen bewertet. Durch die Anwendung der Monte‐Carlo‐Simulation werden mögliche Angebotssummen ermittelt. Die Entscheidungsfindung zur Auswahl geeigneter Maßnahmen beruht somit nicht mehr auf einem deterministischen, sondern auf einer Vielzahl möglicher Werte. Die Informationsbasis des Bauunternehmens wird verbessert.Probabilistic consideration of cost and quantity risks in a detailed estimate. Construction companies have to deal with a vast number of risks, which can jeopardise a firm’s existence. Therefore, companies have to identify and evaluate project risk to take countermeasures. Within a cybernetic risk management model the effectiveness of measures have to be analysed and the risk has to be re‐assessed. Thus, efficient risk management can gain a competitive advantage for a company. This paper describes a method to quantify cost and quantity risks of service items, which form the detailed estimate. These risks are calculated by using stochastic approaches. Possible bid sums are estimated by applying Monte Carlo simulations. Applications of stochastic approaches on this level of detail are new in cost estimation of construction projects. The construction company has now additional information for decision making by access to detailed information on each quantity and cost risk of the project instead of one deterministic figure.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von zyklisch horizontal belasteten Monopiles
Authors: Ta&&num;351;an Ercan , Rackwitz Frank , Savidis Stavros 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBei Monopilegründungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen (OWEA) stellt die Prognose der akkumulierten Verschiebungen infolge zyklisch horizontaler Belastungen eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Eine zuverlässige Prognose erfordert gesicherte Erkenntnisse über das Verhalten von Boden‐Monopile‐Systemen unter zyklischen Belastungen. Hierzu wurde in der Geotechnischen Versuchsgrube der TU Berlin eine Versuchsreihe zur Untersuchung des Tragverhaltens von kurzen, mittellangen und langen Monopiles durchgeführt. Dabei wurden die Monopiles nach der Instrumentierung in wassergesättigten Sand eingepresst und anschließend durch zyklische Horizontalkräfte mit variierenden Belastungsamplituden und gleichzeitig wirkender statischer Vertikallast beansprucht. Während des Pfahleinpressvorganges wurden die maximalen Kräfte, die zum Einpressen der Versuchspfähle bis zur Solltiefe erforderlich waren, gemessen, und es wurde die Pfropfenbildung im Pfahlinneren festgestellt. In den Versuchen wurden horizontale und vertikale Pfahlverschiebungen an den Lasteinwirkungsstellen, Pfahlbiegedehnungen, horizontale Bodenverschiebungen neben dem Pfahl, Porenwasserdrücke im Boden sowie die Ausbreitung der Setzungsmulde an der Bodenoberfläche gemessen. Im Beitrag werden Konzeption, Vorbereitung und Durchführung dieser Pfahlversuche beschrieben sowie ausgewählte Ergebnisse vorgestellt und die aus den Untersuchungen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zusammengefasst.Experimental investigations of cyclic laterally loaded monopiles. The prediction of accumulated deformations due to cyclic loading with monopile foundations of offshore wind power plants is a real challenge. Adequate predictions require profound knowledge about soil‐monopile interaction behaviour due to cyclic lateral loading. A number of monopile tests are performed in the geotechnical testing pit at TU Berlin in order to investigate that interaction behaviour in more detail. Short, intermediate and long open ended steel pipe piles have been jacked into water saturated sand after instrumentation and subsequently subjected to cyclic lateral loading with varying load amplitude and simultaneously acting static vertical load. Final vertical jacking pressure and sand plugging inside the pile were measured during pile installation. Pile head displacements, pile deformations, horizontal soil displacements close to the pile shaft, pore pressures as well as settlement of the soil surface were measured during the pile load tests. The paper presents concept, preparation and execution of the pile tests and illustrates main results as well as findings from these tests.
Ein einfaches Näherungsverfahren zur Prognose des axial‐zyklischen Tragverhaltens von Pfählen
Authors: Kirsch Fabian , Richter Thomas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIm Beitrag wird ein neues Berechnungsverfahren zur Ermittlung des Tragverhaltens von axial‐zyklisch belasteten Pfählen vorgestellt, mit dem die Nachweise im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit (GZ 1B) und im Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkeit (GZ 2) geführt werden können. Das Verfahren berücksichtigt sowohl die Abnahme der Mantelreibung mit steigender Zyklenanzahl infolge der Verdichtung des den Pfahl umgebenden Bodens unter zyklischer Scherung als auch die resultierenden axialen Pfahlverformungen infolge zyklischer Verdichtung und infolge der Akkumulation von Schubverzerrungen.A simple procedure to analyse piles under cyclic axial loading. The following paper introduces a newly developed design procedure to calculate the bearing capacity of cyclic axial loaded piles for both the ultimate limit state GZ 1B and the serviceability limit state GZ 2. The procedure incorporates the degradation of shaft friction due to compaction of the surrounding soil under cyclic shear as well as the resulting axial pile deformation due to cyclic compaction and accumulation of cyclic shear strain.
Racial differences in gene‐specific DNA methylation levels are present at birth
Authors: Adkins Ronald M. , Krushkal Julia , Tylavsky Frances A. , Thomas Fridtjof 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDDNA methylation patterns differ among children and adults and play an unambiguous role in several disease processes, particularly cancers. The origin of these differences is inadequately understood, and this is a question of specific relevance to childhood and adult cancer.METHODSDNA methylation levels at 26,485 autosomal CpGs were assayed in 201 newborns (107 African American and 94 Caucasian). Nonparametric analyses were performed to examine the relation between these methylation levels and maternal parity, maternal age, newborn gestational age, newborn gender, and newborn race. To identify the possible influences of confounding, stratification was performed by a second and third variable. For genes containing CpGs with significant differences in DNA methylation levels between races, analyses were performed to identify highly represented gene ontological terms and functional pathways.RESULTS13.7% (3623) of the autosomal CpGs exhibited significantly different levels of DNA methylation between African Americans and Caucasians; 2% of autosomal CpGs had significantly different DNA methylation levels between male and female newborns. Cancer pathways, including four (pancreatic, prostate, bladder, and melanoma) with substantial differences in incidence between the races, were highly represented among the genes containing significant race‐divergent CpGs.CONCLUSIONSAt birth, there are significantly different DNA methylation levels between African Americans and Caucasians at a subset of CpG dinucleotides. It is possible that some of the epigenetic precursors to cancer exist at birth and that these differences partially explain the different incidence rates of specific cancers between the races. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms in CHDH gene and the risk of tooth agenesis
Authors: Mostowska Adrianna , Biedziak Barbara , Dunin‐Wilczynska Izabella , Komorowska Anna , Jagodzinski Pawel P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDTooth agenesis is one of the most common anomalies of human dentition and is due to a complex and not fully elucidated etiology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility that polymorphic variants of genes encoding the main folate and choline metabolism enzymes might be associated with the risk of hypodontia in the Polish population.METHODS and RESULTSWe analyzed 21 polymorphisms of 13 candidate genes and found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHDH gene are significantly correlated with the risk of dental agenesis. The strongest association was found for the SNP located in the intronic sequence of CHDH. Individuals carrying one copy of the rs6445606 C allele had an over two‐fold decreased risk of having hypodontia (odds ratio [OR]CTvsTT = 0.434; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2724–0.6915; p = 0.0004; pcorr = 0.0084). A reduced risk of tooth agenesis was also observed in individuals with one or two copies of the rs6445606 C allele compared to T allele carriers (ORCT+CCvsTT = 0.524; 95% CI, 0.3386–0.8097; p = 0.0035; pcorr = 0.0735). Moreover, the gene‐gene interaction analysis revealed a significant epistatic interaction between CHDH (rs6445606) and PLD2 (rs3764897) in the susceptibility to hypodontia (p = 0.004).CONCLUSIONOur study identified CHDH and PLD2 as novel candidate genes, the nucleotide variants of which could be associated with the risk of tooth agenesis. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of homomultimers and heteromultimers of lung cancer‐specific peptoids
Authors: Hooks Jared C. , Matharage Jaya P. , Udugamasooriya D. Gomika 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMultimeric interactions that occur in biology provide impetus for chemists to explore new types of synthetic multivalent ligands that alter cellular functions by mechanisms inaccessible to natural substances. While many different molecules such as peptides, antibody fragments, carbohydrates and organic moieties have been used in developing multimeric ligands, it is worth exploring other important molecular types that have hardly been tested in developing multimeric compounds. Peptoids are one such class of compounds with highly facile synthesis as well as much better biologically amenable qualities. Recently, we identified two HCC4017 lung cancer cell targeting peptoids. Here we explore the possibility of synthesizing multimers of these compounds completely through a solid phase synthesis approach. We have synthesized mini‐libraries of homodimers, homotrimers and most importantly, heterodimers of our lung cancer specific compounds. The idea is to develop series of compounds that only differs by the linker portion, which is readily adjustable within the library. The purpose of this is to find the optimal distance between each monomeric unit of the multimer that allows them to perfectly interact with their individual biological targets displayed on the cell surface. Future screens of these minilibraries will identify the multimers with improved binding affinities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 567–577, 2011.
Natural orifice specimen extraction versus conventional laparoscopically assisted right hemicolectomy
Authors: Park J S , Choi G-S , Kim H J , Park S Y , Jun S H 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
This case–control study compared the clinical outcomes of totally laparoscopic hemicolectomy with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) and the conventional laparoscopically assisted approach for right-sided colonic cancer.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent totally laparoscopic mobilization of the right colon with transvaginal resection, anastomosis and specimen extraction between April 2007 and December 2009 were matched by various clinicopathological characteristics with patients who had conventional laparoscopically assisted procedures.

Results
Thirty-four patients in each group were studied. The number of lymph nodes harvested and the resection margin status were similar in the two groups. After NOSE, patients experienced less pain (mean(s.e.m.) pain score on day 1: 4·2(0·3) versus 5·7(0·3), P = 0·001; on day 3: 2·6(0·2) versus 3·5(0·2), P = 0·010) and had a shorter hospital stay (mean(s.d.) 7·9(0·8) versus 8·8(1·5) days; P = 0·003). The NOSE group had less surgical morbidity than the laparoscopically assisted group, but the difference was not significant (4 of 34 versus 9 of 34; P = 0·119). After a median follow-up of 23 (range 5–40) months, there was no transvaginal access-site recurrence or posterior colpotomy-related complications. NOSE was associated with significantly better cosmetic results (mean(s.d.) score 7·5(1·7) versus 6·6(1·8); P = 0·037).

Conclusion
The NOSE approach is feasible with favourable short-term surgical outcomes.