bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental Drug Delivery to Treat Pre‐Eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Deepak Venkataraman , El‐Balawi Lujain , Harris Lynda K 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) continue to cause unacceptably high levels of morbidity and mortality, despite significant pharmaceutical and technological advances in other disease areas. The recent pandemic has also impacted obstetric care, as COVID‐19 infection increases the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. This review explores the reasons why it lacks effective drug treatments for the placental dysfunction that underlies many common obstetric conditions and describes how nanomedicines and targeted drug delivery approaches may provide the solution to the current drug drought. The ever‐increasing range of biocompatible nanoparticle formulations available is now making it possible to selectively deliver drugs to uterine and placental tissues and dramatically limit fetal drug transfer. Formulations that are refractory to placental uptake offer the possibility of retaining drugs within the maternal circulation, allowing pregnant individuals to take medicines previously considered too harmful to the developing baby. Liposomes, ionizable lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and adenoviral vectors have all been used to create efficacious drug delivery systems for use in pregnancy, although each approach offers distinct advantages and limitations. It is imperative that recent advances continue to be built upon and that there is an overdue investment of intellectual and financial capital in this field.
Multifunctional Antimonene‐Silver Nanocomposites for Ultra‐Multi‐Mode and Multi‐Analyte Sensing, Parallel and Batch Logic Computing, Long‐Text Information Protection
Authors: Xie Zhi Xin , Wu Ying , Zhou Jie , Lu Jiao Yang , Huang Wei Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo simulate life's emergent functions, mining the multiple sensing capabilities of nanosystems, and digitizing networks of transduction signals and molecular interactions, is an ongoing endeavor. Here, multifunctional antimonene‐silver nanocomposites (AM‐Ag NCs) are synthesized facilely and fused for molecular sensing and digitization applications (including ultra‐multi‐mode and multi‐analyte sensing, parallel and batch logic computing, long‐text information protection). By mixing surfactant, AM, Ag+ and Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at room temperature for 5 min, the resulting NCs are comprised of Ag nanoparticles scattered within AM nanosheets and protected by the surfactant. Interestingly, AM‐Ag NCs exhibit ultra‐multi‐mode sensing ability for multiplex metal ions (Hg2+, Fe3+, or Al3+), which significantly improved selectivity (≈2 times) and sensitivity (≈400 times) when analyzing the combined channels. Moreover, multiple sensing capabilities of AM‐Ag NCs enable diverse batch and parallel molecular logic computations (including advanced cascaded logic circuits). Ultra‐multi‐mode selective patterns of AM‐Ag NCs to 18 kinds of metal ions can be converted into a series of binary strings by setting the thresholds, and realized high‐density, long‐text information protection for the first time. This study provides new ideas and paradigms for the preparation and multi‐purpose application of 2D nanocomposites, but also offers new directions for the fusion of molecular sensing and informatization.
Biomimetic Approach of Brain Vasculature Rapidly Characterizes Inter‐ and Intra‐Patient Migratory Diversity of Glioblastoma
Authors: Crestani Michele , Kakogiannos Nikolaos , Iori Simone , Iannelli Fabio , Dini Tania , Maderna Claudio , Giannotta Monica , Pelicci Giuliana , Maiuri Paolo , Monzo Pascale , Gauthier Nils C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlioblastomas exhibit remarkable heterogeneity at various levels, including motility modes and mechanoproperties that contribute to tumor resistance and recurrence. In a recent study using gridded micropatterns mimicking the brain vasculature, glioblastoma cell motility modes, mechanical properties, formin content, and substrate chemistry are linked. Now is presented, SP2G (SPheroid SPreading on Grids), an analytic platform designed to identify the migratory modes of patient‐derived glioblastoma cells and rapidly pinpoint the most invasive sub‐populations. Tumorspheres are imaged as they spread on gridded micropatterns and analyzed by this semi‐automated, open‐source, Fiji macro suite that characterizes migration modes accurately. SP2G can reveal intra‐patient motility heterogeneity with molecular correlations to specific integrins and EMT markers. This system presents a versatile and potentially pan‐cancer workflow to detect diverse invasive tumor sub‐populations in patient‐derived specimens and offers a valuable tool for therapeutic evaluations at the individual patient level.
Effect of vertical stiffeners on the seismic performance of T‐shaped CFST column to steel beam joint
Authors: Li Binyang , Yang Yuanlong , Liu Jiepeng , Cheng Yu , Chen Yohchia Frank 
Published: May 2024

SummarySpecial‐shaped concrete‐filled steel tubular (SCFST) columns have recently been developed for efficient steel‐concrete composite construction. In this study, a novel vertical stiffener joint for the SCFST column and steel beam frame structure is proposed. Five SCFST columns with H‐section beam joints were investigated under cycling loading. The test parameters mainly consider the column stiffening form, vertical stiffener type, and the column axial load. The failure pattern, hysteretic curves, and strain development of specimens are analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed joint with vertical stiffeners can develop the steel beam's full plastic flexural capacity and exhibit favorable seismic performance. In addition, a finite element (FE) model is developed to explore the effects of the following parameters on the hysteretic performance: vertical stiffener sizes, width‐to‐thickness ratio of column steel tube, and the column axial load. Based on the experimental and FE analyses, a stress and deformation model of the joint steel tube was established. To facilitate the practical applications, a calculation formula for joint strength was also put forward, considering the contribution of vertical stiffener, and front and side steel plates of the joint steel tube.
Understanding genome structure facilitates the use of wild lentil germplasm for breeding: A case study with shattering loci
Authors: Cao Zhe , Socquet‐Juglard Didier , Daba Ketema , Vandenberg Albert , Bett Kirstin E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlant breeders are generally reluctant to cross elite crop cultivars with their wild relatives to introgress novel desirable traits due to associated negative traits such as pod shattering. This results in a genetic bottleneck that could be reduced through better understanding of the genomic locations of the gene(s) controlling this trait. We integrated information on parental genomes, pod shattering data from multiple environments, and high‐density genetic linkage maps to identify pod shattering quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in three lentil interspecific recombinant inbred line populations. The broad‐sense heritability on a multi‐environment basis varied from 0.46 (in LR‐70, Lens culinaris × Lens odemensis) to 0.77 (in LR‐68, Lens orientalis × L. culinaris). Genetic linkage maps of the interspecific populations revealed reciprocal translocations of chromosomal segments that differed among the populations, and which were associated with reduced recombination. LR‐68 had a 2–5 translocation, LR‐70 had 1–5, 2–6, and 2–7 translocations, and LR‐86 had a 2–7 translocation in one parent relative to the other. Segregation distortion was also observed for clusters of single nucleotide polymorphisms on multiple chromosomes per population, further affecting introgression. Two major QTL, on chromosomes 4 and 7, were repeatedly detected in the three populations and contain several candidate genes. These findings will be of significant value for lentil breeders to strategically access novel superior alleles while minimizing the genetic impact of pod shattering from wild parents.
The Experimental Perspective to Address Critical Infrastructure Security Issues in Times of Crisis
Authors: Bleicher Alena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter suggests to make use of an experimental perspective for managing necessary transformations in high-risk industry. In order to do so, current trends in research on and with experiments beyond scientific laboratories are introduced and summarized and central characteristics of such experimentation are derived. Based on this, the potential of an experimental perspective is discussed from two angles: as analytical lens and as a design principle.
Safe Transitions in Complex Systems
Authors: Weyer Johannes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComplex systems, including energy and transportation systems, constitute a crucial part of modern societies’ critical infrastructure. It is imperative to ensure their stability even during periods of crisis or fundamental transformation, such as sustainability transformation. It is difficult to anticipate how individuals will respond to policy interventions aimed at preserving stability, for example, by banning cars from congested roads, or to policy interventions aimed at fundamentally altering the system, for instance, by promoting renewable energies. A conflict of interest may occur at both an individual and institutional level if sustainability measures, such as increasing the number of electric vehicles or photovoltaic systems, jeopardize the stability of the system, for example, by increasing grid volatility. Furthermore, research into complex systems has demonstrated that they tend to develop nonlinearly rather than linearly, making them difficult to predict. Agent-based modeling (ABM) has emerged as a valuable method to comprehend the dynamics of complex socio-technical systems. Moreover, ABM enables us to anticipate future outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of different policy measures aimed at enhancing safety or promoting sustainability (or both). The chapter briefly introduces the ABM concept and the SimCo simulation framework, developed at TU Dortmund University. SimCo is grounded in analytical sociology, focusing on people’s everyday practices, bounded-rational decision-making and on governance concerns. Additionally, this chapter will present the outcomes of several simulation experiments to address the question of how to achieve safe transformations of complex systems.
“Old Is Gold?”
Authors: Tillement Stéphanie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate objectives, as well as the recent objectives of energy sobriety and security in response to crises, have underpinned a call for the urgent development of nuclear generation capacity. At the same time, recent events have highlighted fragilities in nuclear infrastructures, both in their operation and in their design and construction. This chapter focuses on the French case to examine the conditions under which the nuclear industry can provide an appropriate response to climate change, as well as the risks and vulnerabilities associated with a nuclear revival. In particular, we analyze the two regimes at the heart of this revival: the extension and the acceleration regimes. We show that the interplay between nuclear power and climate change calls into question the social and temporal scales at which risks need to be defined and governed.
Near mass-shell double boxes
Authors: Belitsky A. V. , Smirnov V. A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two-loop multi-leg form factors in off-shell kinematics require knowledge of planar and nonplanar double box Feynman diagrams with massless internal propagators. These are complicated functions of Mandelstam variables and external particle virtualities. The latter serve as regulators of infrared divergences, thus making these observables finite in four space-time dimensions. In this paper, we use the method of canonical differential equations for the calculation of (non)planar double box integrals in the near mass-shell kinematical regime, i.e., where virtualities of external particles are much smaller than the Mandelstam variables involved. We deduce a basis of master integrals with uniform transcendental weight based on the analysis of leading singularities employing the Baikov representation as well as an array of complementary techniques. We dub the former asymptotically canonical since it is valid in the near mass-shell limit of interest. We iteratively solve resulting differential equations up to weight four in terms of multiple polylogarithms.
Light vector mediators at direct detection experiments
Authors: De Romeri Valentina , Papoulias Dimitrios K. , Ternes Christoph A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Solar neutrinos induce elastic neutrino-electron scattering in dark matter direct detection experiments, resulting in detectable event rates at current facilities. We analyze recent data from the XENONnT, LUX-ZEPLIN, and PandaX-4T experiments and we derive stringent constraints on several U(1)′ extensions of the Standard Model, accommodating new neutrino-electron interactions. We provide bounds on the relevant coupling and mass of light vector mediators for a variety of models, including the anomaly-free B − L model, lepton flavor-dependent interactions like Lα– Lβ, B – 2Le– Lμ,τ, B – 3Lα, and B + 2Lμ + 2Lτ models. We compare our results with other limits obtained in the literature from both terrestrial and astrophysical experiments. Finally, we present forecasts for improving current bounds with a future experiment like DARWIN.
Shannon’s entropy and its bounds for some a priori known equiprobable states
Authors: Symeonidis Eleutherius , Mitroi-Symeonidis Flavia-Corina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is known that Shannon’s entropy is nonnegative and its maximum value is reached for equiprobable events. Adding or removing impossible events does not affect Shannon’s entropy. However, if we increase the number of events and consider not necessarily all of them equiprobable, but at least as many of them as the initial number of equiprobable events, how does Shannon’s entropy change? We study the lower bound of the interval where the probability value of the a priori assumed equiprobable states must belong when the entropy increases.
A very promising antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans from an in vitro screening for antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activity of new synthesized 4-cinnamamido- and 2-phenoxyacedamido-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides
Authors: Plescia Fabiana , Catania Valentina , D’Anneo Antonella , Raffa Demetrio , Lauricella Marianna , Schillaci Domenico 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral new synthesized 4-cinnamamido- and 2-phenoxyacedamido-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides were obtained by two multi step different synthetic routes in order to maximize their yield. The new derivatives were screened to determine the antiproliferative, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The biological results showed how, respect to the antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities, the compounds have a low to missing activity. Different are the results obtained concerning the antibiofilm activity, especially towards Candida albicans. Most of the synthesized compounds showed a good percentage inhibition of biofilm formation ranging from 60 to 73% with a Biofilm Inhibition Concentration 50% (BIC50) from 0.13 to 0.01 µM. Among the synthesized compounds the ethyl 5-(4-(2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetamido)benzamido)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (27c) resulted the most active molecule with a BIC50 of 0.01 µM. According to the results obtained, such compound could be considered a lead subject of further studies to obtain novel and more effective antibiofilm agents against C. albicans.
Mechanical and surface properties of semifinished potato tuber exposed to UV-C radiation at varied operational parameters
Authors: Jembere Addis Lemessa , Jakubowski Tomasz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed at investigating the effect of certain operational parameters of UV-C radiator on the selected mechanical properties of semifinished potato tuber. Innovator potato variety was selected for the preparation of semifinished potato strips. The prepared potato strips were stored for 24 h following exposure at the desired storage condition. The irradiation experiment was carried out using a UV-C chamber at varied UV-C doses, Mode of exposure, and distance from the radiator. UV-C dose has a pronounced effect over the other tested parameters. Samples subjected at 60 mJ/cm2 resulted in higher resistance to compression and bending force while the resistance to cutting force was enhanced at a lower UV-C dose (15 mJ/cm2). Mechanical properties were not significantly impacted by the mode of exposure and distance from the light. Furthermore, the Morphological and microstructural properties of the sample were examined using SEM and AFM resulting in alteration in granule size, spacing, and roughness of the irradiated samples.
Inhomogeneous long-range percolation in the weak decay regime
Authors: Mönch Christian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study a general class of percolation models in Euclidean space including long-range percolation, scale-free percolation, the weight-dependent random connection model and several other previously investigated models. Our focus is on the weak decay regime, in which inter-cluster long-range connection probabilities fall off polynomially with small exponent, and for which we establish several structural properties. Chief among them are the continuity of the bond percolation function and the transience of infinite clusters.
Inhibition of mTOR prevents glucotoxicity-mediated increase of SA-beta-gal, p16INK4a, and insulin hypersecretion, without restoring electrical features of mouse pancreatic islets
Authors: Guzmán Tereso J. , Klöpper Nina , Gurrola-Díaz Carmen M. , Düfer Martina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn over-activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway promotes senescence and age-related diseases like type 2 diabetes. Besides, the regenerative potential of pancreatic islets deteriorates with aging. Nevertheless, the role of mTOR on senescence promoted by metabolic stress in islet cells as well as its relevance for electrophysiological aspects is not yet known. Here, we investigated whether parameters suggested to be indicative for senescence are induced in vitro in mouse islet cells by glucotoxicity and if mTOR inhibition plays a protective role against this. Islet cells exhibit a significant increase (~ 76%) in senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity after exposure to glucotoxicity for 72 h. Glucotoxicity does not markedly influence p16INK4a protein within 72 h, but p16INK4a levels increase significantly after a 7-days incubation period. mTOR inhibition with a low rapamycin concentration (1 nM) entirely prevents the glucotoxicity-mediated increase of SA-beta-gal and p16INK4a. At the functional level, reactive oxygen species, calcium homeostasis, and electrical activity are disturbed by glucotoxicity, and rapamycin fails to prevent this. In contrast, rapamycin significantly attenuates the insulin hypersecretion promoted by glucotoxicity by modifying the mRNA levels of Vamp2 and Snap25 genes, related to insulin exocytosis. Our data indicate an influence of glucotoxicity on pancreatic islet-cell senescence and a reduction of the senescence markers by mTOR inhibition, which is relevant to preserve the regenerative potential of the islets. Decreasing the influence of mTOR on islet cells exposed to glucotoxicity attenuates insulin hypersecretion, but is not sufficient to prevent electrophysiological disturbances, indicating the involvement of mTOR-independent mechanisms.
Changes in epiphytic lichen diversity along the urban-rural gradient before, during, and after the acid rain period
Authors: Gauslaa Yngvar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpatial variations in epiphytic macrolichen richness in the city of Oslo were assessed annually 1973–2019. These observations were contrasted with earlier published data from 1930 to examine how long-term changes in species richness of functional groups track different stages of air pollution regimes. From 1930 to the 1970’s, representing the early surge and late peak of S-deposition, the lichen-deficient urban area remained largely unaltered. Epiphytic macrolichen richness in the surrounding zone declined and changed from a mix of nitrophytes and acidophytes in 1930 when agriculture was still present to a dominance of acidophytes in the 1970’s shortly after the acid rain peak. The subsequent 1980-2019-period marked by significantly lower S-emissions, and weakly decreasing N-deposition, experienced a shift from acidophytes to nitrophytes, following the successful control of acid rain. This underscores the role of pH as a contributing determinant of the strong nitrophyte recolonization. While successive pollution regimes shaped functional group-specific changes in lichen richness over the past 90 years, continuous rain in autumn 2000 led to sudden temporal lichen dieback across the urban-to-rural gradient, delaying lichen recovery after the acid rain period by approximately 5 years for nitrophytes and over 15 years for acidophytes. Epiphytic lichen richness never returned to the high levels seen in 1930, even in the outer parts of the urban-rural gradient and despite the reduction in S-deposition. Excess N impedes effective establishment of acidophytic lichens and prevents full recovery of the former diversity.
Assessing the spatiotemporal variability of dissolved organic matter fluorescence composition in the Lake George, NY watershed
Authors: Goranov Aleksandar I. , Swinton Mark W. , Winkler David A. , Farrell Jeremy L. , Nierzwicki-Bauer Sandra A. , Wagner Sasha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLake George (LG) is a temperate, oligotrophic, medium-sized lake (114 km2) located in northeastern New York State (U.S.). Lakes are highly understudied environments where extensive dissolved organic matter (DOM) processing occurs. With this study we establish the foundation for researching the organic biogeochemistry of the LG watershed, in particular, the numerous tributaries flowing into the lake. Collected were 213 samples from 64 tributaries and 12 lake locations. Some of the tributaries had unique wastewater, agricultural, or wetland influences. We employed fluorescence spectroscopy, a common biogeochemical technique, to characterize the fluorescent DOM (FDOM) component. We developed a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model for the deconvolution of FDOM data allowing to depict six underlying FDOM constituents, which varied in source and biogeochemical reactivity on spatiotemporal scales. Tributary DOM, in comparison to lake DOM, was much more aromatic, of larger molecular weight, more humic, and contained less protein-like material. The distribution of humic and protein-like PARAFAC components was impacted by land-use and wastewater influences. Supporting characterization of the chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and total DOM (on dissolved organic carbon basis) allowed differentiating the influence of wetlands, which could not be depicted by spatiotemporally assessing the variability of PARAFAC components. Temporal assessment revealed minor variabilities in tributary DOM quantity and quality except in cases of point sources such as wastewater treatment facilities. Overall, this primer study establishes baseline understanding of the baseflow levels of DOM constituents in the LG watershed, and more broadly, presents a PARAFAC model for the deconvolution of fluorescence spectra of DOM from temperate and oligotrophic lake watersheds such as LG.