bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-needle aspiration cytology in thyroid lesions: A diagnostic evaluation study
Authors: Singhi Gaurav , Kamatar Poornima V. , Dinesh U. S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Thyroid disorders are prevalent worldwide, with India being at high risk for iodine deficiency disorders. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a first-line diagnostic tool for evaluating thyroid nodules, which has significantly reduced the number of thyroid surgeries performed.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of FNAC in the diagnosis of thyroid swellings.

Materials and Methods:
Diagnostic evaluation study of patients with thyroid swelling whose FNAC is carried out over a period of 1 year. The patient’s demographic and clinical details, as well as relevant investigations, were obtained. FNAC results were classified into four groups: benign, suspicious for malignancy, malignant, and unsatisfactory/insufficient for diagnosis. Based on FNAC results, 22 patients underwent thyroid surgery, and the specimens were examined histologically. The study assessed the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC by comparing cytological diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis.

Results:
Out of 228 patients with thyroid swelling, 190 (83.34%) were females and 38 (16.66%) were males. Average age of presentation was 39.89 years. Clinically, 108 (47.36%) cases presented with the diffuse involvement of the thyroid gland. FNAC results showed 201 (88.15%) were benign, 15 (6.57%) were malignant, and 12 (5.26%) were unsatisfactory. Colloid goiter was the most common thyroid lesion found on FNAC. Among 22 cases that underwent surgery, 17 were benign and 5 were malignant on histopathology examination. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 100%, 94.44%, 80%, 100%, and 95.45%, respectively.

Conclusion:
FNAC is a simple, quick, and useful first-line tool for evaluating thyroid swelling and can help differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions. It also helps surgeons in decision-making and patient management.
Visual satisfaction and spectacle independence with monofocal intraocular lens with enhanced intermediate vision and trifocal intraocular lenses in the prepresbyopic age group patients with cataracts
Authors: Joshi Rajesh Subhash 
Published: May 2024

AIM:
This aims to study visual satisfaction and spectacle independence in prepresbyopic age patients with cataracts after the implantation of either monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with enhanced intermediate vision or trifocal IOL.

SETTING:
Private practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective, observational case study was conducted on patients in the prepresbyopic age group with cataracts. Patients were allocated to one of the two groups. Thirteen patients (26 eyes) received monofocal IOL with enhanced intermediate vision (intermediate vision group), and 12 patients (24 eyes) received diffractive multifocal IOLs (trifocal group). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity, Uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) values, defocus curves, and contrast sensitivities (CS) of the two groups were compared 3 months’ postsurgery. Their spectacle independence and visual satisfaction were also assessed.

RESULTS:
The study patients were aged 35–45 years and comprised 14 males and 11 females. No significant difference was observed in UDVA (intermediate vision group: 0.02 ± 0.01, trifocal group: 0.02 ± 0.01; P = 0.22) and UIVA (intermediate vision group: 0.20 ± 0.10, trifocal group: 0.19 ± 0.10; P = 0.12). However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of UNVA (intermediate vision group: 0.32 ± 0.10, trifocal group: 0.80 ± 0.10; P = 0.01). The mean CS in monofocal IOL with enhanced intermediate vision and trifocal groups were 1.577 ± 0.3 and 1.550 ± 0.2, respectively (P = 0.40). None of the patients experienced photic phenomena. In total, 10 of 13 patients in the monofocal IOL with enhanced intermediate vision group required spectacle correction for near visual acuity in the range of +1.00 to +2.00 D.

CONCLUSION:
This study found that there was no significant difference in distance and intermediate vision between the two groups. However, the trifocal group had better uncorrected near vision compared to the monofocal group that had enhanced intermediate vision. The conclusion is that using trifocal IOLs for both eyes provided complete independence from wearing glasses. In addition, no visual disturbances were observed after implanting the new-generation trifocal IOLs.
Root and root canal morphology of permanent mandibular premolars in Saudi Arabian population
Authors: Aljuailan Roqayah 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Thorough knowledge of the teeth's root and root canal morphology is vital before obtaining access to endodontic therapy. This study aimed to undertake a comprehensive literature review of the root and root canal anatomy of the mandibular premolars in several provinces of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
The PubMed and Scopus databases were screened for relevant literature. Included studies reported data on the number of roots, root canals, canal configurations, and anatomical variations of mandibular premolars in the Saudi population. Gender morphological differences and bilateral symmetry have also been reviewed, along with case reports of anomalies.

Results:
Fifteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. The weighted average of single-rooted teeth is 91.4% of the mandibular first premolar and 96.7% of the second premolar. Studies of the internal canal morphology revealed that two or more canals were found in 21.5% of the first premolar and 7.1% of the second premolar. Type I Vertucci canal configuration is the most prevalent in mandibular premolars. The multi-rooted or multi-canalled system variants were frequently reported in the clinical case reports.

Conclusion:
Mandibular first premolars have a higher incidence of multi-canal system than second premolars, hence clinicians should be attentive to the possibility of an extra canal in these teeth. Few studies are available that discuss the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in the Saudi population, and further studies with a larger sample size covering Saudi Arabia's provinces are indicated.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice about painless local anesthesia injection techniques among pediatric dentists
Authors: Jain Sejal , Bargale Seema , Dave Bhavna , Kariya Pratik B , Shah Yash , Dharmatti Shweta 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Various technologies and methods have been invented involving local anesthesia delivery with minimal child patient discomfort and reduced injection pain. These technologies include vibrotactile devices, computer-controlled local anesthesia delivery system (CCLADS), jet injectors, and nanotechnology.

Aim:
The aim of the current study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about painless local anesthesia injection technique among pediatric dentists in India.

Materials and Methods:
This study was an online cross-sectional survey consisting of 20 formulated questions about the various painless local anesthesia injection techniques. A total of 318 pediatric dentists participated in this online survey across India. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and Chi-square analysis.

Results:
Out of 318 responses received, 95% of pediatric dentists agreed that pain management is one of the most important aspects of child patient care. CCLADS and vibrotactile devices are among the most used painless injection techniques with 89.6% and 84.2%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The pediatric dentists were found to have good knowledge about the various painless injection techniques; however, these techniques were not adopted by many of them. There is a need to implement such painless techniques in order to reduce pediatric patient discomfort.
The Galvin property under the ultrapower axiom
Authors: Benhamou Tom , Goldberg Gabriel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We continue the study of the Galvin property from Benhamou, Garti, and Shelah (2023, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 151, 1301–1309) and Benhamou (2023, Saturation properties in canonical inner models, submitted). In particular, we deepen the connection between certain diamond-like principles and non-Galvin ultrafilters. We also show that any Dodd sound non p-point ultrafilter is non-Galvin. We use these ideas to formulate what appears to be the optimal large cardinal hypothesis implying the existence of a non-Galvin ultrafilter, improving on a result from Benhamou and Dobrinen (2023, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 1–34). Finally, we use a strengthening of the Ultrapower Axiom to prove that in all the known canonical inner models, a

$\kappa $

-complete ultrafilter has the Galvin property if and only if it is an iterated sum of p-points.
Psicoeducación e intervención en estimulación temprana en hogares de primera infancia de la Aldea Sinaneca y Tablones del municipio de San Jorge, Zacapa
Authors: Cordón Fuentes Jennifer Dayana 
Published: May 2024

PROBLEMA: carencia de estimulación temprana evidenciada por niños entre las edades de 2-6 influenciada por el escaso conocimiento que poseen las madres de las aldeas Sinaneca y Tablones del municipio de San Jorge, Zacapa sobre la importancia de llevar a cabo ejercicios de estimulación temprana en la primera infancia OBJETIVO: identificar las necesidades que se crean por las limitaciones que posee el área rural. Proporcionando talleres psicoeducativos, pautas del desarrollo con la realización de una intervención de estimulación temprana con los niños seleccionados desarrollándolos en su máxima potencia física, emocional, mental y social. Previniendo retrasos en su desarrollo psicomotor MÉTODO: a través del enfoque cualitativo, el universo total es de 65 niños entre las edades de 2-6 realizando un muestreo aleatorio simple con un IC 95% y un margen de error de 5% siendo un total de 40 niños estudiados. RESULTADOS: por medio de un indicador de observación como un pretest se evidenció la baja estimulación que se presenta obteniendo un resultado negativo donde el 90% presentaron dificultades para la realización del indicador CONCLUSIÓN: se implementó un plan de trabajo con talleres de psicoeducación, se les aplicó a las madres una encuesta para ver los avances del taller donde se obtuvo un 95% de resultados positivos, se aplicó un postest a los niños donde se evidenció en las áreas que se trabajaron un avances significativos.
Penanganan Longsoran Jalan Nasional Dengan Dinding Penahan Tanah Tipe Kantilever
Authors: Muda Anwar 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul “ Penanganan Longsoran Jalan Nasional Dengan Dinding Penahahan Tanah Tipe Kantilever”. Penelitian dilatarbelakangi bahwa jalan nasional sta 4+600, ruas 038 atau tepatnya di Desa Pargarutan Tonga, Kecamatan Angkola Timur, Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Sumatera Utara, terjadi longsoran sekitar 2 tahun lalu. Kemudian, di longsoran ini dibangun dinding penahan tanah tipe gravitasi terbuat dari pasangan batu namun terjadi keruntuhan.
Pada tahun 2021, dilakukan kembali penanganan di longsoran ini dengan dinding penahan tanah tipe kantilever. Adapun dimensi kantilever dengan panjang 22 meter, kedalaman 6,60 meter dari permukaan aspal dan lebar telapak 4 meter. Kemudian, tebal dinding atas 0,30 meter dan tebal dinding bawah 0,60 meter.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan perhitungan dinding penahan tanah tipe kantilever apakah aman terhadap stabilitas guling (overturning), geser (sliding) dan daya dukung tanah.
Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, bahwa dinding penahan tanah tipe kantilever aman terhadap stabilitas guling (overturning), karena FS guling =7.00 ≥ FS = 2,00. Kemudian, dinding penahan tanah aman terhadap stabilitas geser (sliding), karena FS geser = 2,89 ≥ FS = 1,50 dan dinding penahan tanah aman terhadap stabilitas daya dukung tanah karena FS daya dukung = 4,09 ≥ FS = 3,00
Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan di Indonesia: Studi tentang Determinan dan Implikasinya
Authors: Setiawan Mochammad Agung , Ubaidillah Hasan , Firdaus Vera , Kusuma Kumara Adji 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Prestasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengujian hipotesis. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan non probability sampling. Adapun teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu purposive sampling. Purposive sampling adalah teknik penentuan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Berdasarkan teknik sampling tersebut maka karakteristik responden dalam penelitian ini karyawan yang bekerja selama 2-5 tahun. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik analisis alur (Path Analysis) dengan bantuan Software untuk sistem operasi yang bernama Smart-PLS (Partial Least Square) Versi 3.0. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, Kompensasi berpengaruh Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, Kompensasi berpengaruh Terhadap Prestasi Kerja. Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, Kompensasi, Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Prestasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening.
Upaya Penerapan Pendidikan Karakter Pancasila pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ni’mah Nadhira Tita An , Siregar Muhamad Ahyar Fadly , Pane Agnes Agata , Manurung Celine Soraya Laura , Rajagukguk Natasya Aulina 
Published: May 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menenamkan upaya secara mendalam penerapan mengenai pembentukan karakter melalui pendidikan Pancasila pada siswa di Sekolah Dasar. Pendidikan karakter sedari dini agar tertanam nilai nilai moral berakhlak mulia untuk di masa mendatang. Pembentukan karakter siswa melalui pendidikan Pancasila menjadi suatu hal yang harus dilaksanakan karena siswa tidak hanya dididik secara kognitif tetapi juga mempunyai karakter dan budi pekerti baik sehingga kehidupan menjadi bermakna dan mempunyai tujuan di masyarakat dalam kehidupan. Hasilnya Pancasila mampu membentuk karakter mulai dari kebiasaan hidup mengenai sikap baik, beretika, dan bermoral sehingga dapat diterapkan di kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menelaah, membaca, merangkum berbagai artikel, jurnal, buku sesuai topik bahasan sehingga didapat hasil pembahasan. Kesimpulannya pendidikan karakter Pancasila dapat meningkatkan dan memberi pembelajaran yang tepat pada siswa di sekolah dasar agar menjadi lebih berkarakter siswa.
Barriers to medical consultation and strategies for enhancing the prevention and reporting of child abuse: a cross-sectional survey of caregivers of paediatric patients at a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Sana Saeed  , Mohammad Umer Junaid  , Marib Ghulam Rasool Malik  , Hareem Rauf  , Muhammad Osama Khan  , Kishwar Enam  
Published: May 2024

Objective: To assess the knowledge of caregivers in a tertiary care setting about child abuse, their perception of potential barriers in the way of seeking medical advice for the victims, and to identify proposed solutions to ensure prevention and reporting of child abuse.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022 at the paediatric ward of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised caregivers who were attendants of inpatients. Data was collected using a predesigned anonymous questionnaire consisting of demographic information and 27 items that were scored on a 6-point Likert scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 144 caregivers, 96(66.6%) were females and 48(33.3%) were males. Overall, 86(59.7%) were aged <35 years, 132(91.7%) were married, and 120(83.3%) were the admitted child’s parent. The majority of caregivers 110(76.4%) perceived themselves to possess a high level of knowledge about child abuse. Barriers identified included a lack of trust in police and medicolegal departments 136(94.4%), fear of repercussion from the suspect 120(83.3%) and lack of confidentiality of the victims’ identity 116(80.6%). The proposed solutions included spreading awareness among teachers 136(94.4%) and caregivers 131(91.0%) about timely reporting and consultation, and developing proper mechanisms to follow-up on victims 133(92.4%). There were significant associations between some demographic characteristics of the respondents and their self-perceived knowledge and perceptions (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There was found a need to enhance public trust, ensure confidentiality, and fostering awareness through targeted strategies for a safer and more facilitative environment for children.
Key Words: Child abuse, Abuse reporting, Awareness, Caregivers.
Challenges to Alzheimer Care in Pakistan
Authors: Ruzny Fathima Aamina , Mohamed Imtiyas Muhammed Ifham , Rizvie Abdul Raheem 
Published: May 2024

Madam,
Alzheimer's, the prime culprit behind Dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder that gradually erases memory and cognition, affecting daily tasks 1. Symptoms often emerge in later years, and in Pakistan, where a rising aging population and middle-income status prevail, the risk amplifies. By 2030, global dementia cases can soar to 1.3 million from 850,000 in 2015, surging to 3.6 million by 2050 without preventive action 2. Urgent attention beckons. Yet, challenges abound. With Pakistan’s depleting literacy rate currently of 58.9% in 2023, misconceptions are likely 3. Stigma, cultural norms, and language barriers shroud the path to treatment. Moreover, mental health issues like depression, an Alzheimer’s symptom, are seen as taboo, deterring help-seeking. Till date, the lack of national databases stifles research progress, and a shortage of neurologists-just less than 150 for millions of people-worsens with scarce training programs4. Private caretakers in this developing country may be limited. As this chronic Alzheimer's has no cure, high drug costs hinder adherence, while the affordability of the new "Leqembi" drug, if approved, raises concerns. Additionally, access to MRI and CT scanning equipment in Pakistan is not widespread and their procurement along with testing entail significant costs. Furthermore, government policies and funding for Alzheimer's treatment and research might be insufficient with the rising aging population.
NGOs in Pakistan related to Alzheimers are very limited- “Alzheimers Pakistan” the one and only centered in just three regions across this vast country.
Solutions for these challenges emerge as vibrant threads. How can we aid patients and families in Alzheimer education? Imagine engaging workshops and media partnerships with prominent figures like the UNICEF Goodwill ambassadors thereby igniting a good community-healthcare bond, and envision ‘Alzheimer homes’ for patients lacking caregivers. Besides, a national database involving stakeholders, from NGOs to healthcare providers, can not only pave the way for easy data accessibility but also to proper treatment plans and protocols. Engaging these stakeholders could also lead to initiatives for more affordable medicines. For the shortage of neurologists, medical tourism initiatives that attract foreign neurologists to work temporarily in the country, sharing their expertise and contributing to healthcare delivery can be deployed. Targeted training for healthcare professionals and collaborating with international organizations for increased research, clinical trial participation and even in machinery purchase hold a promise to resolving this issue. Conclusively, emphasizing these concerns holds utmost significance in the pursuit of discovering effective interventions for this incurable ailment.
Analisis Penerapan dan Pengembangan Aplikasi SIMKASDA (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kas Daerah) dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Keberhasilan dan Pelaporan Keuangan: Studi Kasus BPPKAD Kota Probolinggo
Authors: Ulfa Adiranti  , Mohamad Djasuli  
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing and developing the Regional Cash Management Information System (SIMKASDA) on efficiency, success, and financial reporting at the regional level. The research method used qualitative research, focusing on the use of SIMKASDA application in BPPKAD Probolinggo City. The results showed that the implementation of SIMKASDA significantly improved the efficiency of the regional cash management process. The system allows for more accurate monitoring of the DTH/RTH Reconciliation. This directly contributes to the success of local financial management by providing faster and more accurate information for stakeholders. Such improved success is also reflected in the transparency and accuracy of financial reporting. SIMKASDA provides a platform that enables faster and structured preparation of financial reports, minimizes human error, and strengthens accountability in the management of public funds. The discussion in this journal also identified some challenges faced during implementation, such as the need for intensive training and regular maintenance of the system. Research suggestions include increased training for users, regular system updates, and integration of the latest technology to ensure the continued success of SIMKASDA in the future. Thus, this study provides in-depth insight into the contribution of SIMKASDA in improving operational efficiency, financial management success, and financial reporting quality at the local level.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Audio Visual Berbasis Canva pada Mata Pelajaran TIK Kelas VII MTs Al-Hidayah
Authors: Yuliana Dyan , Suparto Arico Ayani , Syukria Sheilla 
Published: May 2024

Salah satu hal yang penting dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Dengan adanya pengembangan media pembelajaran audio visual dapat membantu dan mempermudah interaksi antara pendidik dengan peserta didik serta membantu proses belajar lebih optimal. Mengingat pentingnya penggunaan media audio visual dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, maka peneliti mengembangkan media audio visual dengan Canva pada materi Microsoft Word kelas VII di MTs Al-Hidayah Gebang Utara Desa Semambung, Kecamatan Jati Banteng. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kelayakan produk berupa media audio visual yang dikembangkan dengan Canva pada mata pelajaran Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini diantaranya observasi, wawancara, angket uji kelayakan, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala Likert untuk mengetahui persentase kelayakan media audio visual dengan Canva. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa penilaian oleh ahli media terhadap tingkat kelayakan media audio visual dengan Canva adalah 86% (layak), penilaian dari ahli materi sebesar 92,3% (sangat layak), dan hasil ujicoba terhadap user (peserta didik) sebesar 82,75% (baik), sehingga media audio visual berbasis Canva pada materi Microsoft Word layak digunakan dalam Pelajaran TIK kelas VII.