bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of blood transfusion services at a district hospital in Malawi
Authors: Bugge H. F. , Karlsen N. C. T. , Oydna E. , Rake M. M. , Wexels N. , Bendabenda J. , Roald B. , Heier H. E. , Chisuwo L. , Jourdan P. M. 
Published: July 2012

Background and objectives  Severe anaemia is an important cause of mortality in developing countries. However, few studies have explored the use of and possibilities for blood transfusion services. The aims of this study are to explore the use of blood transfusion services at a hospital in sub‐Saharan Africa and to assess the quality of the transfusion services according to WHO guidelines.Materials and methods  Patient age, gender, haemoglobin (Hb) level, diagnosis, hospital department and replacement donations were recorded for all blood transfusions administered at a district hospital in Malawi in January 2010. The laboratory equipment and procedures were scored according to WHO guidelines.Results  The mean Hb of transfused patients was 4·8 g/dl. Fifty‐seven per cent (59/104) of the transfusions were given to children diagnosed with malaria, and 17% (18/104) were given to pregnant women. During the study period, blood was in stock and available for transfusion within 1 h of requisition. The equipment and procedures at this hospital met the main criteria for an adequate WHO stage of development.Conclusion  In contrast to the advanced transfusion medicine in developed nations, our findings highlight the persistent and urgent need for life‐saving blood transfusions in especially young children and pregnant women in Africa. The results indicate that blood transfusion services adapted to local conditions may be a realistic solution for providing safe blood products in developing countries. Serious challenges, such as HIV transmission and sustainable organization of low‐risk blood donations should be addressed to assure access to safe blood products.
Labial adhesion causing voiding but not sexual problems in a married woman
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Matsubara Shigeki , Ikeda Tomoe , Kawai Shina , Nakamura Shigeru , Nakai Hideo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA married woman of reproductive age had labial adhesion with voiding difficulty. She and her husband had not been bothered by their inability to engage in sexual intercourse for the 10 years of their marriage. Surgical incision and reconstruction disclosed the normal vaginal vestibule and urethral meatus. Six months after surgery, her labium was fully open without recurrence. We must be aware that labial adhesion may occur and be hidden in a woman of reproductive age, even when the patient does not notice any ‘abnormality’ in her genitalia.
Premature delivery due to intrauterine Candida infection that caused neonatal congenital cutaneous candidiasis: A case report
Authors: Ito Fumitake , Okubo Tomoharu , Yasuo Tadahiro , Mori Taisuke , Iwasa Koichi , Iwasaku Kazuhiro , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCongenital cutaneous candidiasis is a very rare disease with less than 100 cases published in the medical literature. Neonates having this disease present with systemic skin lesions caused by intrauterine Candida infections. We present a case of threatened premature delivery due to Candida chorioamnionitis, which caused both maternal postpartum endometritis and neonatal congenital cutaneous candidiasis. A 34‐year‐old woman who was admitted for fetal membrane bulging at 20 weeks of gestation underwent McDonald cervical cerclage. We diagnosed threatened premature delivery due to intrauterine infection; therefore, we terminated the gestation by cesarean section at 24 weeks of gestation. Fungi‐like yeast was detected in infantile gastric juice. Histopathological findings of the placenta revealed that Candida albicans mycelium invaded the placenta, chorioamniotic membrane and umbilical cord.
TT polymorphism in rs2165241 and rs1048661 region in lysyl oxidase like‐1 gene may have a role in stress urinary incontinence physiopathology
Authors: Ozbek Emin , Polat Emre Can , Ozcan Levent , Otunctemur Alper , Emrence Zeliha , Ustek Duran 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  In experimental studies, lysyl oxidase like‐1 (LOX‐L1) (−/−) mice were shown to have similar pelvic floor dysfunction to female rats. LOX‐L1 levels in endopelvic fascia decrease as a result of increasing births in women with pelvic prolapse. For these reasons, we investigated the LOX‐L1 gene polymorphism, which has an important role in connective tissue and collagenous metabolism in stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Materials and Methods:  A total of 87 women with SUI who underwent normal vaginal delivery and 87 controls were involved in the study. Single nucleotide gene polymorphisms in LOX‐L1's rs1048661, G > T, pArg141Leu, Exon‐1 SmaI; rs3825942, C > T, pGly153Asp, Hinf‐1 and rs2165241, C > T, İntron‐1 BsrI regions were searched. The results were statistically compared as alleles with 3 × 2 χ2‐test.Results:  A total of 32 (34%) GG, 20 (21%) GT, 42 (45%) TT, 32 (37%) GG, 43 (39%) GT, 21 (24%) TT polymorphisms in rs1048661; 30 (36%) CC, 16 (19%) CT, 37 (45%) TT, 41 (59%) CC, 15 (22%) CT, 13 (19%) TT polymorphisms in rs2165241; and 63 (72%) CC, 21 (24%) CT, 3 (4%) TT; 48 (6%) CC, 22 (30%) CT, 3 (4%) TT polymorphisms in rs3825942 were found in patients and the control group, respectively. In patients, the TT polymorphism in the rs1048661 and rs2165241 region were found to be significant.Conclusions:  The homozygote TT polymorphism in the rs1048661 and rs2165241 region of LOX‐L1 gene may be responsible from SUI physiopathology.
Some factors exerting an influence on the coaxing effect of austenitic stainless steels
Authors: AKITA M. , NAKAJIMA M. , UEMATSU Y. , TOKAJI K. , JUNG J.‐W. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe present paper describes some factors exerting an influence on the coaxing effect of austenitic stainless steels. Particularly, the influence of prestrain was investigated in detail. The materials used were austenitic stainless steels, type 304 and 316. Type 304N2 was also used to examine the properties of the stabilized austenitic phase in type 304. Two types of rotating bending fatigue tests, i.e. the conventional constant amplitude tests and stress‐incremental tests, were performed using the specimens subjected to the several tensile‐prestrain levels. Under the constant amplitude tests, the fatigue strengths of type 304 and 316 increased with increasing prestrain. Under the stress‐incremental tests, type 304 showed a remarkable coaxing effect, where the fatigue failure stress significantly increased regardless of the prestrain level. The coaxing effect in the unprestrained specimens was larger than those of the prestrained ones. Type 304N2 showed lower coaxing effect than type 304. In addition, the strain‐induced martensitic transformation did not occur because of the higher stability of austenitic phase in type 304N2. In type 316, the coaxing effect was dependent on the prestrain level, i.e. below 15% prestrain the coaxing effect became smaller with increasing prestrain, whereas above 25% prestrain the coaxing effect reappeared. Based on the tests results, it was considered that the coaxing effect in austenitic stainless steel was due to the mechanisms such as work hardening, strain ageing and strain‐induced martensitic transformation. The contribution of these mechanisms to the coaxing effect was different among type 304, 304N2 and 316.
Professional identity and nursing: contemporary theoretical developments and future research challenges
Authors: Johnson M. , Cowin L.S. , Wilson I. , Young H. 
Published: July 2012

JOHNSON M., COWIN L.S., WILSON I. & YOUNG H. (2012) Professional identity and nursing: contemporary theoretical developments and future research challenges. International Nursing ReviewAim:  We propose that the conceptual orientation of professional identity is a logical consequence of self‐concept development by focusing on career and its meaning and presents a measurable set of concepts that can be manipulated to improve retention of student and registered nurses within health service.Background:  Although professional identity is a term that is commonly written of in nursing literature, its theoretical origins remain unclear, and available empirical evidence of its presence or ability to change is omitted from nursing research.Sources of evidence:  We present a professional identity pathway and explore the factors that influence professional identity throughout a career in nursing.Discussion:  Nurses' professional identities develop throughout their lifetimes, from before entering nursing education, throughout their years of study and clinical experience, and continue to evolve during their careers. Education is, however, a key period as it is during this time students gain the knowledge and skills that separate nurses as professional healthcare workers from lay people.Conclusion:  Finally, a call for longitudinal studies of students to graduates, using conceptually derived and psychometrically proven instruments capable of detecting the subtle changes in the construct over time, is recommended. Further empirical research into the theoretical concepts that underline professional identity, and the factors that influence changes in this important construct in nursing, is required. Ultimately, the practical relevance of such research will lie in the potential it provides for enhanced nursing career support and improved workforce policies.
Neural correlates of belief‐ and desire‐reasoning in 7‐ and 8‐year‐old children: an event‐related potential study
Authors: Bowman Lindsay C. , Liu David , Meltzoff Andrew N. , Wellman Henry M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTheory of mind requires belief‐anddesire‐understanding. Event‐related brain potential (ERP) research on belief‐ and desire‐reasoning in adults found mid‐frontal activations for both desires and beliefs, and selective right‐posterior activationsonlyfor beliefs. Developmentally, children understand desires before beliefs; thus, a critical question concerns whether neural specialization for belief‐reasoning exists in childhood or develops later. Neural activity was recorded as 7‐ and 8‐year‐olds (N = 18) performed the same diverse‐desires, diverse‐beliefs, and physical control tasks used in a previous adult ERP study. Like adults, mid‐frontal scalp activations were found for belief‐anddesire‐reasoning. Moreover, analyses usingcorrecttrials alone yielded selective right‐posterior activations for belief‐reasoning. Results suggest developmental links between increasingly accurate understanding of complex mental states and neural specialization supporting this understanding.
What leads students to adopt information from Wikipedia? An empirical investigation into the role of trust and information usefulness
Authors: Shen Xiao‐Liang , Cheung Christy M. K. , Lee Matthew K. O. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWith the prevalence of the Internet, it has become increasingly easy and common for students to seek information from various online sources. Wikipedia is one of the largest and most popular reference websites that university students may heavily rely on in completing their assignments and other course‐related projects. Based on the information adoption model, this study empirically examines the effects of trust and information usefulness on Hong Kong students' information adoption from Wikipedia. We conducted an online survey and analysed the responses using partial least squares. Overall, the model explained 69.4% of the variance in information adoption, 59.1% of the variance in trust and 62.7% of the variance in information usefulness. Interestingly, deviating significantly from the information adoption model, trust played a major role in determining information adoption and fully mediated the relationship between information usefulness and information adoption. The implications of this study will provide important insights to both researchers and practitioners.Practitioner Notes
What is already known about this topic
Current controversy is perpetuated by the use of Wikipedia in academic work, although it is heavily utilised by university students.
Information adoption is solely determined by information usefulness as proposed in Sussman and Siegal's information adoption model.
Prior studies on trust in online information environment primarily focused on issues such as security, technical reliability or e‐commerce.

What this paper adds
This study provides preliminary empirical evidence regarding university students' motivations behind the use of Wikipedia.
Trust towards Wikipedia mediates the relationship between information usefulness and information adoption.
Completeness and format of online information determine university students' perceptions of information usefulness.

Implications for practice and/or policy
Educators should provide university students with more training on evaluating online information and instruct them to be critical learners.
Academic institutions should not simply prohibit the use of Wikipedia but instead incorporate it into the curriculum to develop students' digital literacy.
The administrators of online educational reference websites should create a reputation system and increase the completeness and format of information.
The effort to control time in the ‘new’ general practice
Authors: MacBride‐Stewart Sara 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSince the 1980s and 1990s doctors in the UK have reported a lack of time; this has been reproduced in the reorganisation of work through various contracts and regulatory mechanisms. I draw on interviews with 32 General Practitioners (GPs) in Wales about their everyday work, focusing on accounts about the limited nature of their time. I use Adams’ analysis of the rationalisation of work time through the processes of commodification, compression, and colonisation, to explore tensions between traditional and new ways of doctoring. While it was possible to find evidence of traditional ways of managing time that shaped the activities of doctors and controlled those activities, the doctors were not passive participants in the rationalisation of work time. Rather they actively modified its processes using notions of professionalism that are aligned to traditional doctoring, and which offer new ways of doing and being a professional.
Maternal executive function, harsh parenting, and child conduct problems
Authors: Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Wang Zhe , Chen Nan , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: July 2012

Background:  Maternal executive function and household regulation both are critical aspects of optimal childrearing, but their interplay is not understood. We tested the hypotheses that (a) the link between challenging child conduct problems and harsh parenting would be strongest for mothers with poorer executive function and weakest among those with better executive function, and (b) this mechanism would be further moderated by the degree of household chaos.Methods:  The socioeconomically diverse sample included 147 mothers of 3‐to‐7 year old children. Mothers completed questionnaires and a laboratory assessment of executive function.Results:  Consistent with hypotheses, harsh parenting was linked with child conduct problems only among mothers with poorer executive function. This effect was particularly strong in calm, predictable environments, but was not evident in chaotic environments.Conclusion:  Maternal executive function is critical to minimizing harsh parenting in the context of challenging child behavior, but this self‐regulation process may not operate well in chaotic environments.
Improving upper limb motor functions through action observation treatment: a pilot study in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: BUCCINO GIOVANNI , ARISI DANIELE , GOUGH PATRICIA , APRILE DANIELA , FERRI CHIARA , SEROTTI LUCIA , TIBERTI ALESSANDRA , FAZZI ELISA 
Published: July 2012

Aim  The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess whether action observation treatment may improve upper limb motor functions in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Method  All children with CP admitted to our unit for rehabilitation from May 2009 to May 2010 were eligible. Inclusion criteria were age between 6 years and 11 years, an IQ of at least 70, and no major visual and/or auditory deficits. Fifteen children were enrolled and randomly assigned to either a case group (n=8; four males, four females; median age 7y 6mo) or control group (n=7; five males, two females; median age 8y). Six participants had left‐sided hemiplegia, six right‐sided hemiplegia, and three had tetraplegia; 10 were independent walkers. Those in the case group were asked to observe video clips showing daily age‐appropriate actions, and afterwards to imitate them. Participants in the control group were asked to observe video clips with no motor content and afterwards to execute the same actions as cases. The primary outcome measure was the Melbourne Assessment Scale. Children were scored twice at baseline (2wks apart), and at the end of treatment, by a physician blind to group assignment.Results  At baseline groups did not differ on functional evaluation. After treatment, the functional score gain (Δ) was significantly different in the case and control groups (p=0.026).Interpretation  The present results support the notion that action observation treatment can be an effective part of the rehabilitation programme in children with CP.
How do schools promote emotional well‐being among their pupils? Findings from a national scoping survey of mental health provision in English schools
Authors: Vostanis Panos , Humphrey Neil , Fitzgerald Natasha , Deighton Jessica , Wolpert Miranda 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundSchools play an important role in promoting child mental health, but little is known about the approaches they undertake.MethodsA scoping survey in England, involving 599 primary and 137 secondary schools.ResultsAlthough two thirds of school approaches focused on all pupils, these were predominantly reactive, rather than preventive interventions. They were also largely not evidence‐based, were instead based on a plan while open to adaptation. Gaps were identified in teacher training and support.ConclusionsThe findings have implications on the use of preventive versus reactive approaches, staff training and consultation, use of evidence‐based practice in schools and joint care pathways.
Direct intra‐abdominal pressures and abdominal perfusion pressures in unsedated normal horses
Authors: Hurcombe Samuel D. A. , Scott Victoria H. L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether direct intra‐abdominal pressures (IAP) and calculated direct abdominal perfusion pressures (APP) are location dependent within the abdomen of standing horses. We hypothesize that IAP will be increased and calculated APP will be decreased at a ventral abdominal location (V) when compared to values obtained from the left (LFl) or right flank (RFl).DesignProspective experimental design.SettingUniversity‐based equine research facility.AnimalsSeven healthy adult horses, 4 geldings and 3 mares.InterventionsMeasurements of direct IAP obtained from the RFl, LFl, and V locations via abdominal cannulation and direct arterial blood pressures obtained via catheterization of the transverse facial artery were obtained in fasted, standing, unsedated horses. APP was calculated for each location by the subtraction of IAP from the mean arterial pressure. Differences between sites of measurement for IAP, APP, and their gradients were calculated and compared by ANOVA and t‐tests.Measurements and Main ResultsMean flank IAP measurements were subatmospheric and negative compared to ventral IAP values (LFl = –3 mm Hg, RFl = –5 mm Hg, V = 25 mm Hg; P < 0.001 between each flank and the ventral location). Ventrum APP was lower than flank APP (V = 82 mm Hg; LFl = 106 mm Hg; RFl = 108 mm Hg; P = 0.029 between each flank and the ventral location). Gradient calculations between sites showed the IAP increased and APP decreased from dorsal to ventral (P < 0.05) and from right to left (P = 0.004) within the abdomen.ConclusionsIAP and calculated APP are location dependent. These data provide new information regarding abdominal pressure profiles in standing healthy adult horses.
Interaction of deformation and metamorphism during subduction and exhumation of hydrated oceanic mantle: Insights from the Western Alps
Authors: REBAY G. , SPALLA M. I. , ZANONI D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPetrological investigations supported by multi‐scale structural analysis of eclogitized serpentinite in the Zermatt–Saas Zone of the Western Alps allows for the determination of mineral assemblages related to successive fabrics, upon which the P–T–d–t path of these hydrated mantle rocks can be inferred. Serpentinites of the upper Valtournanche, with lenses and dykes of metagabbro and meta‐rodingite, display an Alpine polyphase metamorphic evolution from eclogite to epidote‐amphibolite facies conditions associated with three successive foliations having different parageneses in these rocks. Serpentinite mainly consists of serpentine with minor magnetite; however, where S1 and S2 foliations are pervasive, metamorphic olivine, together with Ti‐clinohumite and clinopyroxene, are also found. The mineral assemblage associated with D1 includes serpentine1, clinopyroxene1, opaque minerals, titanite ± olivine1, Ti‐clinohumite1 and ilmenite; the D2 assemblage is the same (±chlorite) but minerals have different compositions. The assemblage associated with D3 comprises serpentine3, opaque minerals, ±chlorite3, ilmenite and amphibole3. Ti‐clinohumite is associated with veins that are older than D2 and pre‐date D3. Veins that post‐date D3 are characterized by amphibole + chlorite or by serpentine. P–T conditions for S2 parageneses evaluated using two pseudosections for different bulk compositions suggest that these rocks experienced pressures >2.5 ± 0.3 GPa at temperatures slightly higher than 600 °C. The late epidote–amphibolite facies re‐equilibration associated with D3 and D4 developed during late syn‐exhumation deformation related to folding and testifies to a small temperature decrease. These results, which were integrated in the regional framework, suggest that different portions of the Zermatt–Saas Zone registered different P–T peak conditions and underwent different exhumation paths. In addition, the inferred P–T–d–t path suggests that the Valtournanche serpentinites re‐equilibrated close to the UHP conditions registered by the Cignana meta‐cherts. These results imply that tectonic slices exhumed after UHP metamorphism might be wider than previously reported or that small‐size UHP units, tectonically sampled during the Alpine convergence, are more abundant than those that have been detected to date.
Successful Early Cannulation of a Superficial Femoral Vein Transposition Angioaccess in a Patient without Other Alternatives
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ayaz , Chandak Pankaj , Anderson Liz , Morsy Mohamed , Chemla Eric Solomon 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEarly cannulation of a native fistula is defined by Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study and Kidney Disease Outcomes and Quality Initiative as between 2 and 12 weeks postoperatively. We present a case of a patient in whom anatomical and hematological barriers prevented early cannulation graft placement, and in whom temporary catheterization was not feasible as a result of central venous occlusion. Successful cannulation at the fifth postoperative day of a native angioaccess was performed and the reasons and challenges faced behind this choice under the circumstances were discussed.