bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Administration of Resveratrol Improves Diet-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Ramadori Giorgio , Gautron Laurent , Fujikawa Teppei , Vianna Claudia R. , Elmquist Joel K. , Coppari Roberto 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that activates nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. Resveratrol has recently been shown to exert potent antidiabetic actions when orally delivered to animal models of type 2 diabetes. However, the tissue(s) mediating these beneficial effects is unknown. Because SIRT1 is expressed in central nervous system (CNS) neurons known to control glucose and insulin homeostasis, we hypothesized that resveratrol antidiabetic effects are mediated by the brain. Here, we report that long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of resveratrol normalizes hyperglycemia and greatly improves hyperinsulinemia in diet-induced obese and diabetic mice. It is noteworthy that these effects are independent of changes in body weight, food intake, and circulating leptin levels. In addition, CNS resveratrol delivery improves hypothalamic nuclear factor-κB inflammatory signaling by reducing acetylated-RelA/p65 and total RelA/p65 protein contents, and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB α and IκB kinase β mRNA levels. Furthermore, this treatment leads to reduced hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 mRNA and protein levels and ameliorates pyruvate-induced hyperglycemia in this mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Collectively, our results unveiled a previously unrecognized key role for the CNS in mediating the antidiabetic actions of resveratrol.
The Insulin Effect on Cerebrocortical Theta Activity Is Associated with Serum Concentrations of Saturated Nonesterified Fatty Acids
Authors: Tschritter Otto , Preissl Hubert , Hennige Anita M. , Sartorius Tina , Grichisch Yuko , Stefan Norbert , Guthoff Martina , Düsing Stephan , Machann Jürgen , Schleicher Erwin , Cegan Alexander , Birbaumer Niels , Fritsche Andreas , Häring Hans-Ulrich 
Published: October 2009

Context: Insulin action in the brain contributes to adequate regulation of body weight, neuronal survival, and suppression of endogenous glucose production. We previously demonstrated by magnetoencephalography in lean humans that insulin stimulates activity in beta and theta frequency bands, whereas this effect was abolished in obese individuals.Objective: The present study aims to define metabolic signals associated with the suppression of the cerebrocortical response in obese humans.Design and Setting: We determined insulin-mediated modulation of spontaneous cerebrocortical activity by magnetoencephalography during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and related it to measures of ectopic fat deposition and mediators of peripheral insulin resistance. Visceral fat mass and intrahepatic lipid content were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze associations of cerebrocortical insulin sensitivity and metabolic markers related to obesity.Participants: Forty-nine healthy, nondiabetic humans participated in the study.Results: In a multiple regression, insulin-mediated stimulation of theta activity was negatively correlated to body mass index, visceral fat mass, and intrahepatic lipid content. Although fasting saturated nonesterified fatty acids mediated the correlations of theta activity with abdominal and intrahepatic lipid stores, adipocytokines displayed no independent correlation with insulin-mediated cortical activity in the theta frequency band.Conclusions: Thus, insulin action at the level of cerebrocortical activity in the brain is diminished in the presence of elevated levels of saturated nonesterified fatty acids.High serum concentrations of saturated nonesterified fatty acids are associated with a decreased insulin effect on cortical activity in the human brain.
Effects of Aromatase Inhibition on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Older Men with Low Testosterone Levels
Authors: Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M. , McKay Elizabeth A. , Lee Hang , Leder Benjamin Z. 
Published: October 2009

Context: Aging is associated with declining gonadal steroid production, low bone mineral density (BMD), and fragility fractures. The efficacy and safety of testosterone replacement in older men remains uncertain.
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of aromatase inhibition on BMD in older men with low testosterone levels.
Design and Setting: This was a 1-yr, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that was conducted at a tertiary care academic center in Boston, MA.
Participants: Participants included 69 men aged 60+ yr with borderline or low testosterone levels and hypogonadal symptoms.
Intervention: Intervention included 1 mg anastrozole daily or placebo.
Main Outcome Measures: Changes in gonadal steroid hormone levels, BMD, and bone turnover markers were measured.
Results: Mean serum testosterone increased from 319 ± 93 ng/dl at baseline to 524±139 ng/dl at month 3 (P &lt; 0.0001) and declined slightly to 474 ± 145 ng/dl by 1 yr. Estradiol levels decreased from 15 ± 4 pg/ml at baseline to 12 ± 4 pg/ml at month 3 and then remained stable (P &lt; 0.0001). Posterior-anterior (PA) spine BMD decreased in the anastrozole group as compared with placebo (P = 0.0014). In the anastrozole group, PA spine BMD decreased from 1.121 ± 0.141 g/cm2 to 1.102 ± 0.138 g/cm2, whereas in the placebo group, PA spine BMD increased from 1.180 ± 0.145 g/cm2 to 1.189 ± 0.146 g/cm2. Qualitatively similar, but not statistically significant, changes occurred at the other sites. Bone turnover markers were not affected by anastrozole therapy.
Conclusions: In older men, aromatase inhibition increases testosterone levels, decreases estradiol levels, and appears to decrease BMD. Aromatase inhibition does not improve skeletal health in aging men with low or low normal testosterone levels.
Relationships between FSH, inhibin B, anti-Mullerian hormone, and testosterone during long-term treatment with the GnRH-agonist histrelin in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Eldar-Geva Talia , Liberty Gad , Chertin Boris , Fridmans Alon , Farkas Amicur , Margalioth Ehud J , Spitz Irving M 
Published: October 2009

ObjectivesMedical castration with long-acting GnRH-agonist (GnRHa) is a well-established treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Our aim was to explore the relationships between FSH, inhibin B, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and testosterone during treatment with an implant releasing GnRHa.DesignAnalysis of hormone levels in frozen serum samples.MethodsTen patients aged 77±7 (means±s.e.m.) years with prostate cancer were treated with the GnRHa histrelin for at least a year. Two weeks prior to insertion and for 3–4 months following removal the patients were treated with the antiandrogen flutamide. Serum inhibin B, FSH, testosterone, and AMH levels were measured retrospectively.ResultsFSH, inhibin B, and testosterone increased during antiandrogen administration and levels fell after implant insertion. Four weeks post insertion, FSH gradually increased while inhibin B and testosterone remained fully suppressed. AMH levels did not change during antiandrogen treatment, but increased following implant insertion and remained elevated for the duration of implant use. Following removal, FSH and testosterone increased, inhibin B remained low, while AMH decreased.ConclusionsThe secondary increase in FSH following initial suppression with the implant is probably related to impaired inhibin B secretion. The lack of inhibin B response to the secondary increase in FSH suggests that long-term exposure of Sertoli-cells to GnRHa impairs their function. This effect appears to be selective since unlike inhibin B, AMH increased. In the absence of testosterone, FSH has a role in AMH regulation.
Towards High Energy Density 3D-integrated Lithium-ion Micro-batteries
Authors: Oudenhoven Jos F.M. , Baggetto Loïc , Niessen Rogier A.H. , Knoops Harm C.H , Donders Merijn , van Dongen Teus , de Croon Mart , Kessels Erwin , Notten Peter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo investigate the feasibility of a 3D integrated all-solid-state micro-battery, the deposition of several battery materials was investigated. Deposition techniques where used that are in principle able to deposit step conformally in 3D structures: ALD was used to create a conductive Pt current collector, and LPCVD was applied for the deposition of poly-silicon anodes and LiCoO2 cathodes.
The layers, initially deposited on planar substrates, showed the expected physical and electrochemical behavior and are in principle suitable for solid state micro-batteries.
Silicon carbide nanowires grown on 4H-SiC substrates by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Kotamraju Siva , Krishnan Bharat , Koshka Yaroslav , Sundaresan Siddarth , Issa Hany , Singh Ranbir 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this work, SiC nanowires (NWs) were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on commercial 4H-SiC substrates. The growth was conducted in an inductively heated hot wall CVD reactor traditionally used for homoepitaxy of 4H-SiC, operating at 150 Torr with H2 as the carrier gas. The growth experiments utilized the precursor chemistry that previously enabled the so-called low-temperature homoepitaxial growth of SiC – SiCl4 as the silicon precursor and CH3Cl as the carbon precursor. Vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mode was employed. Two metal catalysts Au and Ni were used for NW growth in a wide range of growth temperatures from below 10500C to above 13000C. It was established that high precursor flow rates favor the regular epitaxial growth (though disturbed by the presence of the islands of the metal catalyst) at temperatures above 12000C. Reduction of the precursor flow rates and the growth temperature caused formation of micro-needles and eventually NWs. NW diameters in the range from below 10 to 100 nm were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Only SiC phase with no presence of Si, even for the growth temperatures down to 10500C, was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
New Advances in the Second-Line Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hurwitz Jane L. , McCoy Francis , Scullin Paula , Fennell Dean A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.K., with small cell histology accounting for 15%–20% of cases. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is initially a chemosensitive disease, but relapse is common, and in this group of patients it remains a rapidly lethal disease with a particularly poor prognosis. The choice of second-line chemotherapy for patients with relapsed SCLC has been an area of difficulty for oncologists, and until recently there was no randomized evidence for its use over best supportive care (BSC). Topotecan is currently the only drug licensed in Europe and the U.S. for this indication, having been shown in a phase III trial to lead to longer overall survival and better quality of life than with BSC. In this article, we review the current evidence for the use of second-line cytotoxic therapy and also the emerging role of novel agents and targeted therapies in this setting. In particular, we explore the role of the Bcl-2 protein family, which are key regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis and are implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies. SCLC overexpresses antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family in ∼80% of cases. Several Bcl-2 inhibitors, including obatoclax, are currently entering clinical trials in SCLC and are an exciting area of drug development in the relapsed setting.
Lower-Extremity Amputation Risk After Charcot Arthropathy and Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Sohn Min-Woong , Stuck Rodney M. , Pinzur Michael , Lee Todd A. , Budiman-Mak Elly 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
To compare risks of lower-extremity amputation between patients with Charcot arthropathy and those with diabetic foot ulcers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort of patients with incident Charcot arthropathy or diabetic foot ulcers in 2003 was followed for 5 years for any major and minor amputations in the lower extremities.

RESULTS
After a mean follow-up of 37 ± 20 and 43 ± 18 months, the Charcot and ulcer groups had 4.1 and 4.7 amputations per 100 person-years, respectively. Among patients &lt;65 years old at the end of follow-up, amputation risk relative to patients with Charcot alone was 7 times higher for patients with ulcer alone and 12 times higher for patients with Charcot and ulcer.

CONCLUSIONS
Charcot arthropathy by itself does not pose a serious amputation risk, but ulcer complication multiplicatively increases the risk. Early surgical intervention for Charcot patients in the absence of deformity or ulceration may not be advisable.
Remembering why: Can people consistently recall reasons for their behaviour?
Authors: Kaasa Suzanne O. , Morris Erin K. , Loftus Elizabeth F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe explored how consistent individuals are over time in their recall of the reasons why they engaged in a past behaviour. The study was inspired by a research survey submitted in a copyright infringement case. Study participants listed the reasons why they acquired a particular CD, and repeated the survey several months later. We assessed the consistency of responses across time overall and at the individual level. Results indicate that both forgetting and memory distortion were common. Different types of inconsistencies were identified, and these responses were predicted by characteristics of the original memory and of individuals' preferences towards the CD. Implications for the legal field are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lithium‐Ammoniak‐Lösungen: eine molekulare Betrachtung
Authors: Zurek Eva , Edwards Peter P. , Hoffmann Roald 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDieser Aufsatz gibt eine detaillierte Molekülorbitalanalyse der Strukturen und elektronischen Eigenschaften der vielfältigen Spezies, die in Lithium‐Ammoniak‐Lösungen auftreten. Als Spezies mit ungerader Elektronenzahl (Dublett‐Zustände) betrachten wir: e−@(NH3)n (das solvatisierte Elektron, wahrscheinlich ein dynamisches Ensemble von Molekülen), das Li(NH3)4‐Monomer und die [Li(NH3)4+ ⋅ e−@(NH3)n]‐Ionenpaare. Das 2s‐Elektron des Li besetzt ein diffuses Orbital, das hauptsächlich von den niedrigsten unbesetzten Molekülorbitalen (MOs) der Ammoniakmoleküle gebildet wird. Die einfach besetzten MOs sind zwischen den Wasserstoffatomen bindend; wir bezeichnen diese stabilisierende Wechselwirkung als Hmagnified imageH‐Brücke. Im e−@(NH3)n befindet sich das Überschusselektron nicht im Zentrum des von den Ammoniakmolekülen gebildeten Käfigs. Denkbare Spezies mit zwei oder mehr schwach wechselwirkenden Elektronen bilden ebenfalls Hmagnified imageH‐Brücken. Für diese Spezies finden wir, dass die Singulett‐Zustände (S=0) bei etwas tieferer Energie liegen als die Zustände mit ungepaarten Spins (S=1, 2…︁). TD‐DFT‐Rechnungen an verschiedenen Ionenpaaren zeigen, dass die drei intensivsten elektronischen Anregungen von den Übergängen aus dem SOMO (mit s‐Pseudosymmetrie) in die niedrigsten p‐artigen Niveaus stammen. Die optischen Absorptionsspektren sind weitgehend unabhängig vom Metall, und wir können die in das Sichtbare reichende Absorptionsflanke gut erklären. Letztere verursacht die “schöne blaue Farbe”, die Sir Humphry Davy vor 200 Jahren erstmals beobachtete.
A Molecular Perspective on Lithium–Ammonia Solutions
Authors: Zurek Eva , Edwards Peter P. , Hoffmann Roald 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA detailed molecular orbital (MO) analysis of the structure and electronic properties of the great variety of species in lithium–ammonia solutions is provided. In the odd‐electron, doublet states we have considered: e−@(NH3)n (the solvated electron, likely to be a dynamic ensemble of molecules), the Li(NH3)4 monomer, and the [Li(NH3)4+ ⋅ e−@(NH3)n] ion‐pairs, the Li 2s electron enters a diffuse orbital built up largely from the lowest unoccupied MOs of the ammonia molecules. The singly occupied MOs are bonding between the hydrogen atoms; we call this stabilizing interaction Hmagnified imageH bonding. In e−@(NH3)n the odd electron is not located in the center of the cavities formed by the ammonia molecules. Possible species with two or more weakly interacting electrons also exhibit Hmagnified imageH bonding. For these, we find that the singlet (S=0) states are slightly lower in energy than those with unpaired (S=1, 2…︁) spins. TD–DFT calculations on various ion‐pairs show that the three most intense electronic excitations arise from the transition between the SOMO (of s pseudosymmetry) into the lowest lying p–like levels. The optical absorption spectra are relatively metal–independent, and account for the absorption tail which extends into the visible. This is the source of Sir Humphry Davy’s “fine blue colour” first observed just over 200 years ago.
Improvement in quality control for applications used by marine engineers
Authors: Orosa José A. , Oliveira Armando C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAt present, engineering students must learn an adequate programming language that allows them to easily automate typical problems. This result is more important when we require an adequate graphical representation of the problem, as is usually done in engineering. This study presents an optimal programming language for quality control analysis. The results show that Visual Basic for Applications is the most adequate language that reduces the programming time; moreover, it is compatible with limited resources. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 187–192, 2012
Systemic rapamycin without loading dose for restenosis prevention after coronary bare metal stent implantation
Authors: Stojkovic Sinisa , Ostojic Miodrag , Nedeljkovic Milan , Stankovic Goran , Beleslin Branko , Vukcevic Vladan , Orlic Dejan , Arandjelovic Aleksandra , Kostic Jelena , Dikic Miodrag , Tomasevic Miloje 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to assess the role of short oral administration of rapamycin, without loading dose, in the reduction of restenosis rate after bare metal stent implantation. Background: Previous studies suggest that the administration of oral rapamycin reduces angiographic restenosis after bare metal stent implantation. Methods: This was prospective, open‐label study of 80 patients randomized to either oral rapamycin (2 mg/day for 30 days, starting within 24 hr of stent implantation) or no therapy after implantation of a coronary bare metal stent. The primary study end point was incidence of angiographic binary restenosis and late loss at six months. The secondary end points were target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 6 months. Results: Angiographic follow up was completed in 72/80 (90%) of patients. In the rapamycin group, the drug was well tolerated (22.5% minor side effects) and was maintained in 100% of patients. At six months, the in‐segment binary restenosis was 10.5% in rapamycin group vs. 51.4% in no‐therapy group, P < 0.001) and the in‐stent binary restenosis was 7.9% in rapamycin group vs. 48.7% in no‐therapy group, P < 0.001. The in‐segment late loss was also significantly reduced with oral therapy (0.29 ± 0.39 vs. 0.86 ± 0.64 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). Similarly, after six months, patients in the oral rapamycin group also showed a significantly lower incidence of TLR and TVR (7% vs. 22.7%, respectively, P = 0.039) and MACE (7% vs. 22.7%, respectively, P = 0.039). Conclusions: This study showed that the administration of oral rapamycin (2 mg/day, without loading dose) during 30 days after stent implantation significantly reduces angiographic and clinical parameters of restenosis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary intervention with 4‐French catheters
Authors: Takeshita Satoshi , Tanaka Shinji , Saito Shigeru 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives: We sought to determine whether 4‐Fr percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with technical difficulties that might have an unfavorable impact on procedural parameters. Background: Four‐Fr PCI is often associated with difficulties in catheter manipulation, which may lead to greater time consumption and increased dye usage when compared with PCI employing larger guiding catheters. Methods: From July 2007 to March 2009, 62 patients underwent 4‐Fr PCI. Procedural characteristics were compared between patients who underwent 4‐Fr PCI in 2007 (early phase: 31 lesions in 26 patients) and those underwent in 2008 or later (later phase: 40 lesions in 36 patients). Results: Ad‐hoc coronary intervention (3% vs. 23%, P < 0.05) and deep‐vessel intubation (46% vs. 91%, P < 0.05) were observed less frequently in the late phase than the early phase. Fluoroscopy time (8 ± 6 min vs. 17 ± 15 min, P < 0.05) and the amount of contrast dye used (64 ± 33 mL vs. 90 ± 46 mL, P < 0.05) were significantly reduced in the late phase than the early phase. No access site‐related complications were observed in patients in either phase. Conclusions: The performance of 4‐Fr PCI requires a certain learning curve, following which a reduction in fluoroscopy time and use of contrast dye may be achieved. This improvement in procedural parameters and the low incidence of access site‐related complications might allow 4‐Fr PCI to serve as a minimally invasive approach for the treatment of coronary artery diseases. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pd0‐Mediated Rapid Coupling between Methyl Iodide and Heteroarylstannanes: An Efficient and General Method for the Incorporation of a Positron‐Emitting 11C Radionuclide into Heteroaromatic Frameworks
Authors: Suzuki Masaaki , Sumi Kengo , Koyama Hiroko , Siqin  , Hosoya Takamitsu , Takashima‐Hirano Misato , Doi Hisashi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Pd0‐mediated rapid trapping of methyl iodide with an excess amount of a heteroaryl‐substituted tributylstannane has been investigated with the aim of incorporating a short‐lived 11C‐labelled methyl group into the heteroaromatic carbon frameworks of important organic compounds, such as drugs with various heteroaromatic structures, in order to execute a positron emission tomography (PET) study of vital systems. The reaction was first performed by using our previously developed CH3I/stannane/[Pd2(dba)3]/P(o‐CH3C6H4)3/CuCl/K2CO3 (1:40:0.5:2:2:2) system in DMF at 60 °C for 5 min (conditions A), however, the reaction gave low yields for various heteroaromatic compounds. Increasing the amount of phosphine ligand (conditions B) led to a significant improvement in the yield, but the conditions were still not suitable for a range of basic heteroaromatic structures. Use of the CuBr/CsF system (conditions C) also provided a result similar to that obtained under conditions B with an increased amount of the phosphine. Thus, pyridine and related heteroaromatic compounds remained less reactive substrates. The problem was overcome by replacing the DMF solvent with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrolidinone (NMP). The reaction in NMP at 60–100 °C for 5 min using a CH3I/stannane/[Pd2(dba)3]/P(o‐CH3C6H4)3/CuBr/CsF (1:40:0.5:16:2:5) combination (conditions D) gave the methylated products in yields of more than 80 % (based on the reaction of CH3I) for all of the heteroaromatic compounds listed in this study. Thus, the combined use of NMP and an increased amount of phosphine is important for promoting the reaction efficiently. The use of this general approach to rapid methylation has been well demonstrated by the synthesis of the PET tracers 2‐ and 3‐[11C]methylpyridines by using [Pd2(dba)3]/P(o‐CH3C6H4)3/CuBr/CsF (1:16:2:5) in NMP at 60 °C for 5 min, which gives the desired products in HPLC analytical yields of 88 and 91 %, respectively.