bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in cystic fibrosis sputum microbiology in the United States between 1995 and 2008
Authors: Emerson Julia , McNamara Sharon , Buccat Anne Marie , Worrell Kelly , Burns Jane L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe study objective was to identify changes in cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum microbiology over 13 years.MethodsThis study recruited a contemporary cohort of CF patients meeting similar eligibility criteria as the 520 subjects in the Phase 3 trials of inhaled tobramycin (historical cohort). Subjects submitted a single sputum specimen to a centralized laboratory for culture and susceptibility testing. Data were summarized and cross‐sectional prevalence estimates were compared between cohorts. Exploratory analyses examined associations between recent antibiotic exposures and resistance prevalence.ResultsSputum samples from 267 subjects from 33 US CF centers were submitted for testing. A total of 656 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were identified from 253 culture‐positive subjects. Comparison between cohorts revealed an increase in the prevalence of subjects with tobramycin resistant (11.8% vs. 30.4%, P < 0.001) and amikacin resistant (24.2% vs. 42.7%, P < 0.001) P. aeruginosa. Prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance was similar (34.4% vs. 33.6%, P = 0.81). Within the contemporary cohort, potential associations between recent antibiotic exposures and prevalence of P. aeruginosa resistance were examined; findings included that exposure to intravenous carbapenems was significantly associated with aztreonam resistance, meropenem resistance, and multidrug resistance (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0003, and P = 0.0002, respectively). Prevalences of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans were also increased in the contemporary cohort.ConclusionsWe identified important changes in the patterns of CF airway microbiology, including increased aminoglycoside resistance and prevalence of other antibiotic resistant organisms. These changes are concerning to clinicians caring for individuals with CF because they impact treatment options. These data point to a critical need to develop new antimicrobials for CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:363–370. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of cumulative oxygen exposure on respiratory symptoms during infancy among VLBW infants without bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Stevens Timothy P. , Dylag Andrew , Panthagani Indira , Pryhuber Gloria , Halterman Jill 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVery low birth weight (VLBW) infants, even those without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at risk for pulmonary morbidity during infancy. Although some studies have found an association between the level of neonatal oxygen exposure and later morbidity, others have not. A possible explanation for these inconsistent findings is that the cumulative dosage of neonatal supplemental oxygen to which infants are exposure is difficult to accurately quantify.Methods:A prospective cohort study of VLBW infants without BPD was performed to test the hypothesis that cumulative oxygen exposure in the neonatal period summarized using an area under the curve analysis (OxygenAUC) is predictive of later pulmonary symptoms. Risk factors tested in the analysis included both neonatal and outpatient respiratory exposures. Outcome measures included respiratory symptoms and use of medications and health services to treat those symptoms.Results:The prevalence of pulmonary symptoms after NICU discharge was 48% (36 of 75 patients). OxygenAUC as early as 72 hr of age predicts respiratory symptoms and respiratory‐related health service and medication use during infancy in a dose dependent manner. OxygenAUC is a stronger predictor of later respiratory symptoms than is the number of days of supplemental oxygen or positive pressure respiratory therapy or integrated mean airway pressure (MAPAUC).Conclusions:OxygenAUC as early as 72 hr of age is predictive of later respiratory symptoms and use of health services and medications to treat those symptoms. Supplemental oxygen therapy should be monitored carefully to minimize oxygen exposure and risk of later respiratory symptoms in VLBW infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:371–379. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Community‐acquired, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from children with community‐onset pneumonia in China
Authors: Geng Wenjing , Yang Yonghong , Wu Dejing , Zhang Wenshuang , Wang Chuanqing , Shang Yunxiao , Zheng Yuejie , Deng Li , Fu Zhou , Li Xiangyang , Yu Sangjie , Shen Xuzhuang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCommunity‐acquired, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) has been associated with morbidity and mortality in various countries. In this study, we characterized the molecular and clinical features of pediatric CA‐MRSA pneumonia in China. Between June 2006 and February 2008, 55 previously healthy children confined in eight hospitals countrywide were found to be afflicted with CA‐MRSA pneumonia. A total of 55 strains collected from these children were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), Staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and spa typing. The Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene was also detected. Overall, nine STs were obtained, with ST59 (40.4%) established to be the most prevalent type. We first registered the new ST1409 from a child with necrotizing pneumonia. SCCmecIVa was the most predominant type, followed by SCCmec type V. Twelve spa types were identified, of which one new spa type, t5348, was first detected and registered. One typical livestock‐associated spa type, t034, was found in a 4‐month‐old girl living in the countryside. We also found that 40% of those isolates were PVL‐positive. In addition, the median age of the children in this study was 10 months. A total of 69% (38/55) of the children with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) had preceding influenza or influenza‐like illness, and three ST910‐MRSA‐IV strains (PVL gene‐positive) were associated with severe necrosis. The results indicated that the recent CA‐MRSA found in Chinese children with CAP was largely associated with the spread of the ST59‐MRSA‐IV clone, and most of the PVL‐positive strains in this study did not cause necrotic cases. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:387–394. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of transplantation of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells on prostate tumor
Authors: Lin Guiting , Yang Rong , Banie Lia , Wang Guifang , Ning Hongxiu , Li Long‐Cheng , Lue Tom F. , Lin Ching‐Shwun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDObesity is a risk factor for prostate cancer development, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that stromal cells of the adipose tissue might be recruited by cancer cells to help tumor growth.METHODSPC3 prostate cancer cells were transplanted into the subcutaneous space of the right flank of athymic mice. One week later, adipose tissue‐derived stromal or stem cells (ADSC) or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS, as control) was transplanted similarly to the left flank. Tumor size was monitored for the next 34 days; afterwards, the mice were sacrificed and their tumors harvested for histological examination. The ability of PC3 cells to attract ADSC was tested by migration assay. The involvement of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis was tested by migration assay in the presence of a specific inhibitor AMD3100.RESULTSThroughout the entire course, the average size of PC3 tumors in ADSC‐treated mice was larger than in PBS‐treated mice. ADSC were identified inside the tumors of ADSC‐treated mice; CXCR4 expression was also detected. Migration assay indicated the involvement of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the migration of ADSC toward PC3 cells. Capillary density was twice as high in the tumors of ADSC‐treated mice than in the tumors of PBS‐treated mice. VEGF expression was similar but FGF2 expression was significantly higher in tumors of ADSC‐treated mice than in the tumors of PBS‐tread mice.CONCLUSIONProstate cancer cells recruited ADSC by the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. ADSC helps tumor growth by increasing tumor vascularity, and which was mediated by FGF2. Prostate 70: 1066–1073, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antagonists of growth hormone‐releasing hormone inhibit the proliferation of human benign prostatic hyperplasia cells
Authors: Siejka Agnieszka , Schally Andrew V. , Block Norman L. , Barabutis Nektarios 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrowth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH), besides stimulating the secretion of GH from the pituitary gland, acts as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in many cancers. Antagonists of GHRH inhibit growth of experimental human tumors, but their effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have not been studied.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe evaluated the effects of GHRH and GHRH antagonists JMR‐132, MZ‐5‐156, MIA‐601, and MIA‐479 on the proliferation rate of human BPH‐1 cells. We also measured by Western blot the influence of GHRH and GHRH antagonist JMR‐132 on the expression of the PCNA and the activation of ERK1/2 and JAK/STAT3.RESULTSBPH‐1 cells express GHRH and GHRH‐receptor proteins. The proliferation rate of BPH‐1 cells is increased by GHRH and inhibited by all the GHRH antagonists, the latest analogs MIA‐601 and MIA‐479 being the most potent. The stimulatory effect of GHRH is nullified by GHRH antagonists. GHRH strongly activates and GHRH antagonists significantly suppress the expression of the PCNA and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in these cells. Treatment with JAK2 inhibitor (AG490) decreases the proliferation rate of BPH‐1 cells, and AG490 does nullify the effect of GHRH.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates for the first time that GHRH can act as a growth factor in BPH‐1 cells and that GHRH antagonists can reverse its stimulatory effect. New observations are provided on the mechanism of action of GHRH antagonists in BPH. Our findings support the merit of further work on the development of GHRH antagonists for therapy of BPH. Prostate 70: 1087–1093, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symmetry‐related motional enhancement of exciton magnetic moment
Authors: Tronc P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA dramatic motional enhancement of heavy‐ and light‐hole exciton magnetic moment in zinc‐blende semiconductors under a magnetic field applied parallel to the [001] direction has been put into evidence when the exciton moves along the same direction [J. J. Davies et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187403 (2006)]. The authors of the paper assigned the effect to a mixing between the 1S and 2P exciton states arising from the cubic term in the Luttinger Hamiltonian expansion in momentum. Such exciton states do not take into account the exact crystal structure since they are just eigenstates of the angular momentum. In addition, the Luttinger Hamiltonian does not take into account the full magnetic‐field effect since it does not include the gauge transformations under the symmetry operations of the structure under the field. By determining the exact symmetry of the exciton states, it is shown here that, under a field parallel to the [001] direction, the Zeeman Splitting value vanishes at the Γ point and, due to accidental quasi‐degeneracy in energy between dark and bright exciton states, becomes finite when the exciton moves parallel to the field. A perturbation model allows fitting experimental data and explains the exciton magnetic‐moment enhancement with kinetic energy. On the contrary, under a field parallel to the [110] direction with the exciton moving parallel to the field, no accidental degeneracy probably takes place between exciton states. As a consequence, the concept of Zeeman Splitting is not relevant since no energy level is degenerate. In addition, a possible quasi‐degeneracy between the excitons recombining with the σ+ and σ− polarizations, respectively, would not allow coupling their two states, hence would not change notably the experimental results.
Formation of gold nano‐particles during pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7–δ thin films
Authors: Grosse Veit , Engmann Sebastian , Schmidl Frank , Undisz Andreas , Rettenmayr Markus , Seidel Paul 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn order to improve transport and noise properties of YBa2Cu3O7–δ thin films, we studied a technique to produce gold nano‐particles in these films. We report on the formation of these particles from thin gold layers during pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7–δ. Depending on initial gold layer thickness we analyzed their size distribution and structural properties. Gold particles preferentially grow at the YBa2Cu3O7–δ surface and the SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7–δ interface and show an epitaxial alignment parallel to the 〈001〉YBCO direction. We discuss the influence of these particles on the crystal structure of YBa2Cu3O7–δ in regard to their application as artificial pinning centers. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Participation of rural women in sustainable development – demographical and socio‐economic determinants
Authors: Rad Sevgi , Çelik Ates Hacer , Delioğlan Şanser , Polatöz Sefa , Özçömlekçi Gülay 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEmpowering women is a top priority in the pre‐accession process that is going on between the EU and Turkey. The accession partnership with the EU calls for identification of the challenges women face and specific priorities to promote the role of women in society. A gender‐based disadvantageous socio‐economic situation is more critical in rural communities. In this sense, studying, analyzing and understanding socio‐demographic and socio‐economic aspects of rural women's lives is the first step in formulating training and other services for empowering them. The status of rural women in Mersin (Turkey), where 46 per cent of inhabitants live in a rural area, was investigated and analyzed to provide the necessary quantitative and qualitative data for decision makers and public authorities to contribute to improvement of the status of rural women in the region. Chi‐square analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were used to investigate the relationships between several socio‐demographic and socio‐economic variables. Findings of this study reveal that the young population is better educated and that most women desire their daughters to obtain a better education and an occupation. Rather than age, education is emerging as an important factor determining the participation of rural women in decision‐making processes, and the regularity and amount of monthly income seems to be an important determinant of the number of children per household. In this context the traditional perceptions and norms seem to be changing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Exploring self‐compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR)
Authors: Birnie Kathryn , Speca Michael , Carlson Linda E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) programmes have demonstrated beneficial outcomes in a variety of populations. Self‐compassion and empathy have theoretical connections to mindfulness, the key element of the MBSR programme; however, previous studies examining the programme's impact on self‐compassion or empathy have demonstrated mixed results. This study examined the impact of MBSR on self‐compassion and empathy, as well as on mindfulness, symptoms of stress, mood disturbance and spirituality in a community sample. Significant reductions in symptoms of stress and mood disturbance, as well as increases in mindfulness, spirituality and self‐compassion were observed after programme participation. With regards to empathy, a significant increase was seen in perspective taking and a significant decrease in personal distress; no significant change was observed for empathic concern. Changes in self‐compassion were predicted by changes in mindfulness. Self‐compassion and aspects of empathy revealed strong associations with psychological functioning. Implications of MBSR as an intervention for enhancing self‐compassion and empathy are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: screening by biophysical and biochemical markers at 11–13 weeks
Authors: Poon L. C. Y. , Akolekar R. , Lachmann R. , Beta J. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the performance of screening for pre‐eclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH) by a combination of maternal factors and various biophysical and biochemical markers at 11–13 weeks' gestation.MethodsThis was a case–control study of 26 cases of early PE, 90 of late PE, 85 of GH and 201 unaffected controls. Maternal history was recorded, the uterine artery with the lowest pulsatility index (L‐PI) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured and stored plasma and serum were analyzed for placental growth factor (PlGF), inhibin‐A, activin‐A, tumor necrosis factor receptor‐1, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, pentraxin‐3 and P‐selectin.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that significant prediction for early PE was provided by maternal factors, MAP, uterine artery L‐PI and serum PlGF. Significant prediction of late PE was provided by maternal factors, MAP, uterine artery L‐PI, PlGF, activin‐A and P‐selectin. For GH significant prediction was provided by maternal factors, MAP, uterine artery L‐PI and activin‐A. In screening by a combination of maternal factors, biophysical and biochemical markers the estimated detection rates, at a 5% false‐positive rate, were 88.5% (95% CI, 69.8–97.4%) for early PE, 46.7% (95% CI, 36.1–57.5%) for late PE and 35.3% (95% CI, 25.2–46.4%) for GH.ConclusionCombined biophysical and biochemical testing at 11–13 weeks could effectively identify women at high risk for subsequent development of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ein nachhaltiges Siedlungsstrukturmodell für den ländlichen Raum
Authors: Belz Sebastian , Henkel Knut , Kühl Ingo , Stein Michael 
Published: March 2010

Den Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags bildet die Umsetzung von siedlungs-strukturellen Maßnahmen im ländlichen Raum mit dem Zeil einer nachhaltigen Flächenhaushaltspolitik. Im ersten Teil werden Begriffe definiert, Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Prinzip der Nachhaltigkeit, der Siedlungsstruktur und dem ländlichen Raum erklärt und ihre Bedeutung für diese Arbeit begründet. Im zweiten Teil werden Prinzipien einer nachhaltigen Siedlungsstruktur und das hieraus abgeleitete „Siedlungskonzept Rügen” erläutert, um dann in dritten Teil die Instrumente darzustellen, die zur Umsetzung zur Verfügung stehen bzw. stehen müßten. Teil vier zeigt Umsetzungsschwierigkeiten auf und stellt Lösungsmöglichkeiten hierzu vor. Im Fazit wird ein Ausblick und eine zusammenfassende Einschätzung auch über die vorher dargestellten Lösungsansätze hinaus gegeben.
Der entscheidende Ansatz zu einem nachhaltigen Siedlungskonzept ist der haushälterische Umgang mit der Ressource Boden. Die Einführung und Umsetzung des beschriebenen Siedlungsmodells ist daher als wesentlicher Beitrag zu einer an der naturräumlichen Tragfähigkeit orientierten Siedlungsstruktur anzusehen. Die Umsetzung des Konzepts erfordert die Überwindung vielfältiger gesellschaftlicher Blockaden. Diese sind nicht zu unterschätzen, doch bieten sich bereits unter den bestehenden Rahmenbedingungen zukunftsweisende, reformorientierte Handlungsoptionen.
Hochwasserschutz in der räumlichen Planung
Authors: Greiving Stefan 
Published: March 2010

Spatial planning exerts a major influence on local land-use policy, as well as co-ordinating sectoral plans at regional level.
In recent years the instance of regional planning has employed much more sharply formulated spatial-planning targets than used to be the case. In the past it used to be the sectoral plan for water management which provided the instruments to thwart demands for ever more of the floodplain to be released for development. At local-authority level there continues to be little awareness of the need for flood-protection measures to be conceived as a concern of the entire municipality, rather than concentrating solely on those areas adjacent to the main water body directly threatened by flooding.
Taking the River Lenne as an example case, a river-basin-based strategy of preventive flood protection is developed. This strategy takes account of all relevant spatial plans and is tailored to reflect the topography and settlement structures prevailing in specific sections of the river's course.
Welche Beiträge kann die Regionalplanung zur Umsetzung einer „nachhaltigen” Rohstoffsicherung leisten?
Authors: Mühl Gerald 
Published: March 2010

Kurzfassung
Derzeitige Leitvorstellung der Raumordnung und Landesplanung ist eine nachhaltige Raumentwicklung. Zu ihren Aufgaben gehört die Steuerung des Abbaus und die Sicherung oberflächennaher Rohstoffe. Im Zusammenhang mit dieser sehr konfliktträchtigen Aufgabe werden Regeln für den Umgang mit Naturgütern diskutiert. Zunehmend wird akzeptiert, daß natürliche Ressourcen in irgendeiner Form bewirtschaftet werden müssen. Da der Auftrag der Raumplanung in der Ordnung und Sicherung von Raumnutzungen (Flächennutzungen) besteht, erscheint ihr möglicher Beitrag zu einer Ressourcenbewirtschaftung zwar sehr gering, aber bei bestimmten Rohstoffen (Sand und Kies) verfügt sie über ein nennenswertes Handlungspotential.
Exploring Adoption with Clients: The Need for Adoption Education Within the Genetic Counseling Profession
Authors: Perry Cassandra L. , Henry Martha J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGenetic counselors and other health professionals may encounter adoption during any counseling session. They must be skilled in using appropriate language and understand how to approach and discuss this topic with clients. A thorough knowledge of adoption as an option for clients facing a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis is necessary when presenting individuals with non‐biased information needed for informed decision‐making. However, three preliminary studies have demonstrated an absence of graduate education and lack of a professional knowledge base regarding this option (Mates 2008; Oksala 2007; Perry 2003). We discuss the impact of medical professionals’ preconceptions on client decision‐making, increasing early identification of fetal anomalies, deficiency of adoption knowledge and resources, and the resulting need for genetic counselors and other health professionals to develop their skills in discussing adoption with clients.