bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Transmembrane Domain of BST-2 Determines Its Sensitivity to Down-Modulation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpu
Authors: Rong Liwei , Zhang Jianyong , Lu Jennifer , Pan Qinghua , Lorgeoux René-Pierre , Aloysius Claudette , Guo Fei , Liu Shan-Lu , Wainberg Mark A. , Liang Chen 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2, also known as tetherin) restricts the production of a number of enveloped viruses by blocking virus release from the cell surface. This antiviral activity is counteracted by such viral factors as Vpu of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we report that Vpu antagonizes human BST-2 but not BST-2 derived from African green monkeys. The determinants of susceptibility to Vpu map to the transmembrane domain of BST-2. In accordance with this, expression of human BST-2 containing a modified transmembrane domain effectively blocks the replication of wild-type Vpu-expressing HIV-1 in CD4
+
T cells. Furthermore, these BST-2 variants, as opposed to wild-type human BST-2, are refractory to Vpu-mediated down-regulation as a result of an attenuated interaction with Vpu. In view of the work by others pointing to a key role of the transmembrane domain of Vpu in promoting virus release, our data suggest that a direct interaction through the transmembrane domain of each of these two proteins is a prerequisite for Vpu to down-modulate BST-2.
Baculovirus Induces Type I Interferon Production through Toll-Like Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Pathways in a Cell-Type-Specific Manner
Authors: Abe Takayuki , Kaname Yuuki , Wen Xiaoyu , Tani Hideki , Moriishi Kohji , Uematsu Satoshi , Takeuchi Osamu , Ishii Ken J. , Kawai Taro , Akira Shizuo , Matsuura Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Autographa californica
nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) is a double-stranded-DNA virus that is pathogenic to insects. AcNPV was shown to induce an innate immune response in mammalian immune cells and to confer protection of mice from lethal viral infection. In this study, we have shown that production of type I interferon (IFN) by AcNPV in murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and non-pDCs, such as peritoneal macrophages and splenic CD11c
+
DCs, was mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively. IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) was shown to play a crucial role in the production of type I IFN by AcNPV not only in immune cells in vitro but also in vivo. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), AcNPV produced IFN-β and IFN-inducible chemokines through TLR-independent and IRF3-dependent pathways, in contrast to the TLR-dependent and IRF3/IRF7-independent production of proinflammatory cytokines. Although production of IFN-β and IFN-inducible chemokines was severely impaired in IFN promoter-stimulator 1 (IPS-1)-deficient MEFs upon infection with vesicular stomatitis virus, AcNPV produced substantial amounts of the cytokines in IPS-1-deficient MEFs. These results suggest that a novel signaling pathway(s) other than TLR- and IPS-1-dependent pathways participates in the production of type I IFN in response to AcNPV infection.
Evidence that Ecotropic Murine Leukemia Virus Contamination in TZM-bl Cells Does Not Affect the Outcome of Neutralizing Antibody Assays with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: Platt Emily J. , Bilska Miroslawa , Kozak Susan L. , Kabat David , Montefiori David C. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
The TZM-bl cell line that is commonly used to assess neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was recently reported to be contaminated with an ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV) (Y. Takeuchi, M. O. McClure, and M. Pizzato, J. Virol. 82:12585-12588, 2008), raising questions about the validity of results obtained with this cell line. Here we confirm this observation and show that HIV-1 neutralization assays performed with a variety of serologic reagents in a similar cell line that does not harbor MLV yield results that are equivalent to those obtained in TZM-bl cells. We conclude that MLV contamination has no measurable effect on HIV-1 neutralization when TZM-bl cells are used as targets for infection.
Traitement et stabilisation chimique de déchets d’aluminerie contaminés en ions fluoruresArticles envoyés à la Revue du génie et de la science de l'environnement
Authors: Bongo Ghislain , Mercier Guy , Drogui Patrick , Blais Jean-François 
Published: May 2009

Aluminium plant production wastes are contaminated by fluoride according to TCLP (toxicity characteristics leaching procedure) and Quebec legislation (>150 mg F–/L). Those wastes contain 2–323 g F–/kg. The extraction of fluoride by acid leaching (H2SO4, pH 1.5) at total solids content between 1% and 16% allows the removal of approximately 33% of F– but does not respect the TCLP regulation. However, the chemical stabilization of aluminium wastes by use of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) at a concentration varying from 10 to 12 g/L in the suspension of EC (100 g/L) allowed us to record lower concentrations of fluoride ions (110–115 mg F–/L) in the leachate from the TCLP test. The subsequent treatment of the dehydration filtrate of stabilized residues by decreasing the pH from the initial value (pH 11.9 or 12.0) to pH values between 7.0 and 8.5 by addition of an inorganic acid (H2SO4, 10 mol/L) removed up to 98% of fluoride ions by precipitation.
Mill case, simulation, and laboratory plant study of black liquor spill effects on a multiple stage biological treatment plantA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.
Authors: Sandberg Maria 
Published: May 2009

In this study, the impact of black liquor shocks on multiple stage biological treatment plant was studied. The tests were carried out in a lab scale plant and using a mathematical simulation model. The results showed good relation to a parallel situation at the Gruvön Mill. The MultiBio concept is persistent to short-term black liquor spills due to the design where the black liquor is diluted between every compartment. According to the lab scale trials, short-term shocks (5 and 10 h) of black liquor addition reduce bio activity in the first part of the MultiBio plant. Oxygen uptake rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation decreased during high concentrations of black liquor and increased when the black liquor concentration declined. Protozoas disappeared from compartments exposed to high concentrations of black liquor. A long-term trial encompassing 24 h of black liquor addition inhibited the COD reduction in the whole plant for several weeks.
CHARGED MEMBRANE AS A SOURCE FOR REPULSIVE GRAVITY
Authors: BELINSKI V. A. , PIZZI M. , PAOLINO A. 
Published: May 2009

We demonstrate an alternative (with respect to the ones existing in the literature) and more-typical-for-physicists derivation of an exact solution to the Einstein–Maxwell equations for the motion of a charged spherical membrane with tangential tension. We stress that there exists physically acceptable range of parameters for which the static and stable state of the membrane producing the Reissner–Nordstrom (RN) repulsive gravity effect exists. The concrete realization of such a state for the Nambu–Goto membrane is described. The point is that the membrane is able to cut out the central naked singularity region and at the same time join in an appropriate way the RN repulsive region. As a result we have a model of an everywhere-regular material source exhibiting a repulsive gravitational force in the vicinity of its surface: this construction gives a more sensible physical status to the RN solution in the naked singularity case.
Gerald Odonis' Economics Treatise
Authors: Piron Sylvain , Ceccarelli Giovanni 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Gerald Odonis' treatise on contracts, restitutions, and excommunication is one of his earliest works, composed in Toulouse ca. 1315-17. Mainly based on Peter John Olivi's De contractibus, but using a variety of other sources and offering some original arguments as well, it is remarkable for its pragmatic approach to economic phenomena. His rejection of the rational argument against usury reveals a casual use of the bull Exiit qui seminat, defining Franciscan poverty, as well as a change of assumptions in the approach to economic exchange. Whereas various explanations can be provided for the provocative aspect of this youthful treatise, all in all, it can best be described as a free and uninhibited interpretation of the scholastic tradition.
Gerald Odonis' Commentary on the Ethics: A Discussion of the Manuscripts and General Survey
Authors: Porter Camarin 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Gerald Odonis produced a lengthy commentary on the Ethics, recognized by both his contemporaries and modern scholars as a substantial analysis of Aristotelian thought on the virtues, the will, moral choice, justice, and the nature of ethical inquiry. As recent research on late-medieval ethics has expanded deeper into these discussions, interest in Odonis' contributions has grown, but it has been limited textually to the two early printed editions of the work. The present survey of the commentary's manuscript tradition investigates the codices attributed to Odonis, identifies the incomplete witnesses and misattributions, and clarifies the nature of the manuscripts recently assigned to Odonis.
The Deity Kur(r)a in the First Millennium Sources
Authors: Younger K. Lawson 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent epigraphic evidence from Cebel İres Dağı, Çineköy and Tell Šēh Hamad have provided further important additional documentation in Phoenician for a deity Kur(r)a. This article investigates the growing attestations for this deity in the first millennium sources, both cuneiform and alphabetic. In light of the growing occurrences of b'l kr, it proposes a reassessment of the enigmatic phrase b'l krntryš in the Phoenician text from Karatepe. The article also presents the limited second millennium data and evaluates the possible connections with the third millennium Eblaite deity Kura.L'évidence épigraphique récente de Cebel İres Dağı, Çineköy et Tell Šēh Hamad a fourni encore plus de documentation importante en phénicien pour une divinité nommée Kur(r)a. Cet article étudie les attestations croissantes pour cette divinité dans les sources cunéiformes et alphabétiques du premier millénaire av. J.-C. À la lumière des occurrences croissantes de b'l kr, cette étude propose une réévaluation de l'expression énigmatique b'l krntryš dans le texte phénicienne de Karatepe. L'article présente également les données limitées du deuxième millénaire et évalue les liens possibles avec la divinité éblaïte du troisième millénaire Kura.
Marine Genetic Resources. A Source of New Drugs The Experience of the Biotechnology Sector
Authors: de la Calle Fernando 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the conversion of marine genetic resources into new drugs. Three marine organisms suitable for application in human health and steps in the drug discovery process are described. Specific supply problems resulting from the minute concentration of required compounds for medicine in the natural marine source are examined. Three case studies illustrate different strategies enabling an industrial-scale production: chemical synthesis, biotechnology and fermentation. Future concepts for marine scientific research which could lead to new medical applications are considered. Besides research in unexplored deep sea areas, the “metagenomic approach” particularly might lead to significant new achievements. This DNA analysis of marine organisms facilitates the drug discovery process because it requires significantly less marine material than current approaches. Because this process, starting with the search for bioactive molecules and continuing with the production of drug-like molecules before finally reaching the status of medicine, can take up to 20 years, the development of medicine is a very long and risky venture.
The Settlement of Disputes Arising From Conflicting Outer Continental Shelf Claims
Authors: Nelson  
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article begins with brief observations on the dispute-settlement system contained in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention). It then reviews the rules of procedure of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (the Commission) which are designed to prevent or minimize disputes concerning outer continental shelf boundaries. In this context reference is made to joint submissions by coastal States. The role of the institutions created by the LOS Convention—the International Seabed Authority, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, in particular the Seabed Disputes Chamber, and the Commission—with respect to dispute settlement is examined. It also considers the circumstances when States Parties may or may not challenge the recommendations of the Commission.
Marine Genetic Resources: Outcomes of the United Nations Informal Consultative Process (ICP)
Authors: Ridgeway Lorraine (Lori) 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis presentation analyses the outcomes of the 8th ICP meeting devoted to Marine Genetic Resources, from the perspective of policy issues arising from the international debate at that meeting. After describing the purpose and working procedures of the ICP, findings derived from the specific panel discussions and state-to-state debate during the meeting are summarized. Common elements between findings from the panels and discussions, as well as tensions among positions of states, are identified. With regard to policy and legal issues that remained contentious and unresolved, eight considerations underlying divergent views are considered. It is suggested that these divergences may themselves be rooted in further deep-seated tensions between developing and developed states, as well as between commercial benefits and environmental interests. It is concluded that considerably more international debate is necessary in order to develop a better understanding of the contentious issues and to agree on a common way forward. Future solutions at the international level will require patience and realism, but in the meantime practical measures can be put forward that would generate benefits to all states and stakeholders.
How Can Life in the Deep Sea Be Protected?
Authors: Armas-Pfirter Frida 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Area and the continental shelf contain living and non-living resources. Although these resources are not expressly regulated by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the International Seabed Authority is entitled to manage, protect and control these resources on behalf of humankind. However, intrusions in this highly sensitive environment by means of scientific explorations, bioprospecting or mining activities present considerable threats. The highly complex symbiosis of those resources requires careful attention, as their habitat transcends jurisdictional boundaries.
Any Room for Christ in Asia? Statistics and the Location of the Next Christendom
Authors: Singgih Emanuel Gerrit 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe claim of Philip Jenkins that there is now a new Christendom emerging in the Southern Hemisphere, i.e. in Latin America, Africa and Asia is not in line with the conviction of Asian theologians who started precisely from the position of Christians in Asia as a minority. In this paper, the view of three Asian theologians will be contrasted with Jenkins. Even from the list of statistical tables provided by Jenkins it is clear that Asia cannot be included in the next Christendom. However, the clash of civilizations of which Jenkins feared will happen in Asia between Christian fundamentalists and Islamic radicals is not dismissed out of hand, but will be evaluated from the experiences of Christians in Indonesia.
Global Christianity: A European Perspective
Authors: Wijsen Frans 
Published: May 2009

AbstractReflecting from a European perspective upon the shift of the centre of gravity of Christianity to the global South, the author explores the implications of this shift for intercultural communication and hermeneutics within world Christianity. Are North-South relationships within world Christianity simply to be reversed, and does European Christianity end up exclusively at the receiving end? Discussing his studies of Christian immigrants in The Netherlands, the author states that the struggle between Western and non-Western Christians is a struggle about the values of modernity. This is shown in de debates about abortion, single sex marriages and euthanasia. The author holds that European theologians cannot simply return to pre-modern values, stick to modern universalism or be satisfied with post-modern relativity. They must develop further a trans-modern hermeneutic.
Comment On: Nutritional Deficiencies After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity Often Cannot be Prevented by Standard Multivitamin Supplementation
Authors: Trumpy Michelle S. 
Published: May 2009

Gasteyger C, Suter M, Gaillard RC, and Giusti V.Background: Despite the increasing use of Rouxen‐Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) in the treatment of morbid obesity, data about postoperative nutritional deficiencies and their treatment remain scarce. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a standard multivitamin preparation in the prevention and treatment of nutritional deficiencies in obese patients after RYGBP. Design: This was a retrospective study of a 2‐year follow‐up of obese patients after RYGBP surgery. Between the first and the sixth postoperative months, a standardized multivitamin preparation was prescribed for all patients. Specific requirements for additional substitutive treatments were systematically assessed by a biologic workup at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Results: A total of 137 morbidly obese patients (110 women and 27 men) were included. The mean (±SD) age at the time of surgery was 39.9± 10.0 years, and the body mass index (in kg/m2) was 46.7± 6.5. Three months after RYGBP, 34% of these patients required at least one specific supplement in addition to the multivitamin preparation. At 6 and 24 months, this proportion increased to 59% and 98%, respectively. Two years after RYGBP, a mean amount of 2.9 ± 1.4 specific supplements had been prescribed for each patient, including vitamin B‐12, iron, calcium + vitamin D, and folic acid. At that time, the mean monthly cost of the substitutive treatment was $34.83. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiencies are very common after RYGBP and occur despite supplementation with the standard multivitamin preparation. Therefore, careful postoperative follow‐up is indicated to detect and treat those deficiencies. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1128–33.)
How I treat von Willebrand disease
Authors: Rodeghiero Francesco , Castaman Giancarlo , Tosetto Alberto 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent multicenter studies have clarified the molecular basis underlying the different von Willebrand disease (VWD) types, all of which are caused by the deficiency and/or abnormality of von Willebrand factor (VWF). These studies have suggested a unifying pathophysiologic concept. The diagnosis of VWD, remains difficult because its clinical and laboratory phenotype is very heterogeneous and may overlap with normal subjects. Stringent criteria are therefore required for a clinically useful diagnosis. In this paper, we delineate a practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of VWD. Our approach is based on the critical importance of a standardized bleeding history that has been condensed into a final bleeding score and a few widely available laboratory tests, such as VWF ristocetin cofactor activity, VWF antigen and factor VIII. This approach would help identify those subjects who will probably benefit from a diagnosis of VWD. The next step involves performing a trial infusion with desmopressin in all patients who fail to exhibit an enhanced responsiveness to ristocetin. On the basis of these results and through a series of illustrative examples, the clinician will be able to select the best approach for the optimal management of VWD, according to the patient's characteristics and clinical circumstances.
Increased expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in liver from NZB/W F1 mice received antibody against human parvovirus B19 VP1 unique region protein
Authors: Tsai Chun-Chou , Tzang Bor-Show , Chiang Szu-Yi , Hsu Gwo-Jong , Hsu Tsai-Ching 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundHuman parvovirus B19 infection has been postulated to the anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) in autoimmunity. However, the influence of anti-B19-VP1u antibody in autoimmune diseases is still obscure.MethodsTo elucidate the effect of anti-B19-VP1u antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), passive transfer of rabbit anti-B19-VP1u IgG was injected intravenously into NZB/W F1 mice.ResultsSignificant reduction of platelet count and prolonged thrombocytopenia time were detected in anti-B19-VP1u IgG group as compared to other groups, whereas significant increases of anti-B19-VP1u, anti-phospholipid (APhL), and anti-double strand DNA (dsDNA) antibody binding activity were detected in anti-B19-VP1u group. Additionally, significant increases of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) activity and protein expression were detected in B19-VP1u IgG group. Notably, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) proteins were involved in the induction of MMP9.ConclusionThese experimental results firstly demonstrated the aggravated effects of anti-B19-VP1u antibody in disease activity of SLE.
Transgenic mice exhibiting inducible and spontaneous Cre activities driven by a bovine keratin 5 promoter that can be used for the conditional analysis of basal epithelial cells in multiple organs
Authors: Liang Chih-Chia , You Li-Ru , Chang Junn-Liang , Tsai Ting-Fen , Chen Chun-Ming 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Cre/lox P-mediated genetic modification is the most widely used conditional genetic approach used in the mouse. Engineered Cre and the mutated ligand-binding domain of estrogen receptor fusion recombinase (CreERT) allow temporal control of Cre activity.

Results
In this study, we have generated two distinct transgenic mouse lines expressing CreERT, which show 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT)-inducible and spontaneous (4-OHT-independent) Cre activities, referred to Tg(BK5-CreER

T

)I and Tg(BK5-CreER

T

)S, respectively. The transgenic construct is driven by the bovine Keratin 5 promoter, which is active in the basal epithelial lineage of stratified and pseudo-stratified epithelium across multiple organs. Despite the difference in 4-OHT dependency, the Tg(BK5-CreER

T

)I and Tg(BK5-CreER

T

)S mouse lines shared similar Cre-mediated recombination among various organs, except for unique mammary epithelial Cre activity in Tg(BK5-CreER

T

)S females.

Conclusion
These two new transgenic mouse lines for the analysis of basal epithelial function and for the genetic modification have been created allowing the identification of these cell lineages and analysis of their differentiation during embryogenesis, during perinatal development and in adult mice.