bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective Colorimetric Fluorescent Sensor for Pb2+
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Chakrabarty Rinku 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPhenanthroline‐based colorimetric sensors 1 and 2 have been designed, synthesized, and compared with phenanthrene‐based receptor 3 for sensing of Pb2+ by color change. Receptor 1 imparts color change (from yellow to red) selectively with Pb2+ in acetonitrile/water (9:1) as well as in methanol/water (9:1) when in the presence of other metal ions studied (Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Mn2+ as their perchlorate salts). Receptor 1 also shows fluorescence enhancement upon addition of lead perchlorate in acetonitrile/water (9:1) solvent possibly due to the chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect. However, the binding behavior of 2 with Pb2+ is found to be less effective compared to that of receptor 1.
Approach to Trisubstituted 3‐Aminopyrrole Derivatives by Yb(OTf)3‐Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation of 2‐Azadiene with Me3SiCN
Authors: Sasada Toshiaki , Sawada Takuya , Ikeda Reiko , Sakai Norio , Konakahara Takeo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the present study, we found a novel approach to the simple and practical synthesis of 3‐aminopyrrole derivatives through the four‐component coupling reaction of a functionalized silane, a nitrile, an aldehyde, and trimethylsilyl cyanide by Yb(OTf)3‐catalyzed annulation of a 2‐azabutadiene with trimethylsilyl cyanide. In this paper, we also disclose a single‐step transformation of the 3‐aminopyrrole framework into the pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐4‐one skeleton.
Dissociable brain states linked to common and creative object use
Authors: Chrysikou Evangelia G. , Thompson‐Schill Sharon L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStudies of conceptual processing have revealed that the prefrontal cortex is implicated in close‐ended, deliberate memory retrieval, especially the left ventrolateral prefrontal regions. However, much of human thought—particularly that which is characterized as creative—requires more open‐ended, spontaneous memory retrieval. To explore the neural systems that support conceptual processing under these two distinct circumstances, we obtained functional magnetic resonance images from 24 participants either while retrieving the common use of an everyday object (e.g., “blowing your nose,” in response to a picture of a tissue) or while generating a creative (i.e., uncommon but plausible) use for it (e.g., “protective padding in a package”). The patterns of activation during open‐ and closed‐ended tasks were reliably different, with regard to the magnitude of anterior versus posterior activation. Specifically, the close‐ended task (i.e., Common Use task) reliably activated regions of lateral prefrontal cortex, whereas the open‐ended task (i.e., Uncommon Use task) reliably activated regions of occipito‐temporal cortex. Furthermore, there was variability across subjects in the types of responses produced on the open‐ended task that was associated with the magnitude of activation in the middle occipital gyrus on this task. The present experiment is the first to demonstrate a dynamic tradeoff between anterior frontal and posterior occipitotemporal regions brought about by the close‐ or open‐ended task demands. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorus dendrimers and dendrons functionalized with the cage ligand tris(1,2‐dimethylhydrazino)diphosphane
Authors: Rodríguez Lara‐Isabel , Zablocka Maria , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Seco Miquel , Rossell Oriol , Majoral Jean Pierre 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of a new phosphorus dendrimer peripherally functionalized with the cage ligand tris(1,2‐dimethylhydrazino) diphosphane is described. In addition, dendrons (dendritic wedges) containing the same cage ligand at the focal point are also reported along with their corresponding ruthenium derivatives, which are thought to be potential catalysts in aqueous media. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:290–297, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20611
Naturally contaminated shellfish samples: quantification of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in unhydrolysed and hydrolysed extracts and cytotoxicity assessment
Authors: Rodrigues Susana M. , Vale Paulo , Chaveca Teresa , Laires António , Rueff José , Oliveira Nuno G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractContamination of shellfish from the Portuguese coast with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins is a recurrent event, with most of the commercial bivalves contaminated with high percentages of esters of okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin‐2 (DTX2). This report describes the quantification of DSP toxins in unhydrolysed and hydrolysed extracts of several cockle and mussel samples naturally contaminated and the evaluation of their cytotoxicity profiles in V79 cells. The quantification of the acyl esters in the shellfish samples involved the cleavage of the ester bond through alkaline hydrolysis and the release of the parent toxins OA and DTX2. Unhydrolysed and hydrolysed extracts were then analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for the detection and quantification of DSP toxins. The cytotoxicity of the analysed extracts was evaluated using the MTT reduction assay and compared with the cytotoxicity presented by different concentrations of OA standard (1–100 nm). OA exhibited marked cytotoxic effects and decreased cell viability in a dose dependent mode, with an IC50 of 27 nm. The cytotoxicity pattern of unhydrolysed extracts was clearly dependent on the concentration of free toxins. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the esterified toxins present was revealed after their conversion into free toxins by alkaline hydrolysis. For the hydrolysed extracts of cockles and mussels, the cytotoxicity presented was mainly related to the concentration of OA and DTX2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemoglobin concentration variations over time in general medical inpatients
Authors: Agustin Languasco , Nicolas Cazap , Sebastian Marciano , Marina Huber , Abel Novillo , Fernando Poletta , Matias Milberg , Dardo Riveros 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:A decrease in hemoglobin concentration [Hb] with no apparent cause is frequently observed in critically ill patients. Scarce information is available about this situation in general ward‐admitted patients (GWAP).OBJECTIVES:To describe [Hb] variation with no obvious cause in GWAP, and to estimate the prevalence and predictors of patients with [Hb] decreases ≥1.5 g/dL.DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS:Prospective, observational study in internal medicine GWAP, carried out at two teaching hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Patients with a history of, or admitted for diseases associated with decreases in [Hb], as well as those with length of stay less than three days, were excluded.MEASUREMENTS:Upon hospitalization, complete personal and clinical data were recorded. Furthermore, Katz index, APACHE II acute physiology score (APS) and Charlson score were calculated. [Hb] and hematocrit (HCT) were also assessed during hospitalization.RESULTS:A total of 338 patients were evaluated, 131 were included. A mean [Hb] decrease of 0.71 g/dL was observed between admission and discharge (P < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.47‐0.97). Forty‐five percent of the included patients had decreases in [Hb] ≥ 1.5 g/dL. This was associated with a higher APS, a higher [Hb] at admission, and a discharge diagnosis of infectious or gastrointestinal disease. No bleeding episodes were observed.CONCLUSIONS:An [Hb] decrease was frequently observed during GWAP hospitalization with no evident blood loss. Even though this decrease has multiple causes, the severity of the acute illness seems to play a major role. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:283–288. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Hospitals during recession and recovery: Vulnerable institutions and quality at risk
Authors: Sussman Jeremy B. , Halasyamani Lakshmi K. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor generations, American hospitals have been considered recession‐proof, but there is reason to believe the current economic crisis is an exception. Hospitals have shown declining financial margins and decreased admissions. The severe recession has adversely affected many hospitals' finances, creating a risk of closure and constraining plans for expansion. We believe there is also a risk of harming clinical quality, through decreased staffing that may limit the momentum of the hospital quality movement, especially in fiscally vulnerable institutions. We consider ways the federal government could aid hospitals by promoting hospital quality while providing employment. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:302–305. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Liquid chromatography at critical conditions in ternary mobile phases: Gradient elution along the critical line
Authors: Trathnigg Bernd , Malik Muhammad Imran , Pircher Nicole , Hayden Stephan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn ternary mobile phases consisting of acetone, methanol, and water, the retention of PEG on reversed‐phase columns is independent on molar mass at certain compositions of the mobile phase. Along this critical adsorption line, the retention of polypropylene glycol varies quite strongly, which can be utilized in the separation of block copolymers. Gradient elution along the critical line allows a baseline separation of all oligomers in polypropylene glycol up to approximately 25 propylene oxide units. The same resolution can be achieved in the separation of ethylene oxide‐propylene oxide block copolymers, regardless of the length of the ethylene oxide block.
A Persistent epidural mass in a child with B‐lineage ALL
Authors: Molina Blanca , Lassaletta Álvaro , Andion Maitane , Gonzalez‐Vicent Marta , López‐Pino Miguel A. , Madero Luis 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEpidural spinal cord compression as the initial presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare and serious complication. Extramedullary disease is rarely reported in patients with ALL. The most common sites are bone, followed by soft tissue, skin and lymph nodes. We describe a child with common B—lineage ALL who presented with a mass in the spinal epidural space. She was initially treated with intrathecal chemotherapy and intravenous dexamethasone with total resolution of her clinical symptoms but a persistent epidural mass. An open biopsy of the residual epidural mass was performed 7 months after diagnosis. The histological examination did not reveal any tumor infiltration, only fibrosis. We conclude that a persistent epidural mass in patients with ALL may not indicate resistant disease and may require over a year for resolution, even when response to therapy is adequate. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:727–729. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In‐plane polarization of GaN‐based heterostructures with arbitrary crystal orientation
Authors: Wei Q. Y. , Li T. , Wu Z. H. , Ponce F. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe total polarization fields of pseudomorphic InxGa1−xN/GaN and AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 have been calculated as a function of the crystal orientation. Especial attention is placed on the direction and magnitude of in‐plane piezoelectric polarization, which is not negligible for the non‐polar and semi‐polar growth. For an arbitrary crystal orientation, the piezoelectric polarization prevails in the InGaN/GaN system while the spontaneous polarization prevails in the AlGaN/GaN system. The in‐plane potential due to polarization fields in non‐polar epilayers is found to depend on the degree of planarity of the heterojunctions, and on the respective lateral dimensions.
Optical properties of embedded ZnTe nanocrystals in SiO2 thin layer
Authors: Ahmed F. , Naciri A. En , Grob J. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have studied the optical properties of ZnTe nanocrystals (ZnTe‐nc) embedded in a SiO2 matrix by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The ZnTe‐nc are embedded in a SiO2 matrix by ion implantation technique. The dose of 2.9 × 1016 cm−2 of tellurium and zinc ions are implanted in a 250 nm thick SiO2 layer thermally grown on Si with respective implantation energies of 180 and 115 keV. Subsequent thermal treatments at 700 °C lead to the formation of ZnTe‐nc. Their size is characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Variable angle ellipsometric measurements are performed in air at room temperature at angles of incidence of 55, 60, and 65°. By taking into account defects caused by ion implantation in silica matrix, the critical points (CPs) dispersion model is used in order to extract the optical responses of the ZnTe‐nc. The determined dielectric function spectra reveals distinct structures attributed to direct band gap and optical transition at higher energy. The observed structures are analyzed by fitting second derivative spectrum of the imaginary part of dielectric function with analytic CP line shapes. Results show good agreement with CPs data.
Application of capacitance–voltage measurements to the determination of interface roughness in nanoparticulate field‐effect transistors
Authors: Okamura Koshi , Nikolova Donna , Mechau Norman , Hahn Horst 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSolution‐processed inorganic field‐effect transistors (FETs) are mostly composed of nanocrystalline semiconductors as active layers. Since carriers are induced at the interface between the nanocrystalline semiconductor and the dielectric, the roughness at the interface has a significant influence on the performance of the FETs. The interface is, however, buried in the nanocrystalline layer and cannot be accessed from the surface; no quantitative probing methods are available so far. In this article, it is proposed to apply capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements on nanoparticulate capacitors to examine the interface roughness, which enables us to evaluate the correlation between the interface roughness and the performance of nanoparticulate zinc oxide (ZnO) FETs.
How different variants of orbit diagrams influence student explanations of the seasons
Authors: Lee Victor R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe cause of the seasons is often associated with a very particular alternative conception: That the earth's orbit around the sun is highly elongated, and the differences in distance result in variations in temperature. It has been suggested that the standard diagrams used to depict the earth's orbit may be in some way responsible for the initial appearance and overall maintenance of this incorrect conceptualization; the elongated shape of the orbit is thought of as a conceptualization cue that invites a fairly predictable way of reasoning. To test whether that is indeed the case, six variants of diagrams depicting differently shaped earth orbits around the sun were presented to 652 ninth‐grade students in the United States. From responses to a written assessment, students' ideas about what caused the seasons were identified and analyzed. Elongation of orbit did not appear to have an effect, and there was no reinforcement effect for students who initially believed in an elongated orbit. Additional analyses show instead that other features in the diagrams can instead be more influential as conceptualization cues, such as shading or overlapping shapes, but these cues' influence on student reasoning depend on which other cues accompany them. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:985–1007, 2010
Identification with encrypted biometric data
Authors: Bringer Julien , Chabanne Hervé , Kindarji Bruno 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBiometrics make human identification possible with a sample of a biometric trait and an associated database. Classical identification techniques lead to privacy concerns. This paper introduces a new method to identify someone using his biometrics in an encrypted way. Our construction combines Bloom Filters with Storage and Locality‐Sensitive Hashing. We apply this error‐tolerant scheme, in a Hamming space, to achieve biometric identification in an efficient way. This is the first non‐trivial identification scheme dealing with fuzziness and encrypted data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Judgment and decision making
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe study of judgment and decision making entails three interrelated forms of research: (1) normative analysis, identifying the best courses of action, given decision makers' values; (2) descriptive studies, examining actual behavior in terms comparable to the normative analyses; and (3) prescriptive interventions, helping individuals to make better choices, bridging the gap between the normative ideal and the descriptive reality. The research is grounded in analytical foundations shared by economics, psychology, philosophy, and management science. Those foundations provide a framework for accommodating affective and social factors that shape and complement the cognitive processes of decision making. The decision sciences have grown through applications requiring collaboration with subject matter experts, familiar with the substance of the choices and the opportunities for interventions. Over the past half century, the field has shifted its emphasis from predicting choices, which can be successful without theoretical insight, to understanding the processes shaping them. Those processes are often revealed through biases that suggest non‐normative processes. The practical importance of these biases depends on the sensitivity of specific decisions and the support that individuals have in making them. As a result, the field offers no simple summary of individuals' competence as decision makers, but a suite of theories and methods suited to capturing these sensitivities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
La Philosophie et l'art de mourir du XVIe siècle
Authors: Chené-Williams Adèle 
Published: June 2010

La méditation sur la mort au début du XVIe siècle se développe à la mesure des exigences humanistes qui viennent équilibrer par la raison la hantise médiévale du péché, de la repentance et de la miséricorde.Au moment de l'exil d'Holbein en Angleterre, les représentations de la mort suscitent encore la frayeur qu'accompagne une douloureuse tristesse en face de la fragilité de la vie. Simulachres et historiees faces de la mart (1526), en plus de compatir à la souffrance humaine et de dénoncer l'injustice et l'oppression, font surgir la mort au œeur de l'activité humaine et ainsi accentuent la conscience du temps présent, la fulgurance de l'instant.
Hume's Scepticism
Authors: Robison Wade L. 
Published: June 2010

Since Norman Kemp Smith's 1905 article on “The Naturalism of Hume,” there have been two competing theories on the general nature and import of Hume's philosophy. One is that which Kemp Smith attributes to a long line of English and Scottish philosophers, including his target there, Thomas Hill Green. That theory is that “Hume has no set of positive beliefs, and merely develops to a sceptical conclusion the principles which he inherits from Locke and Berkeley” (S149). The conclusion, to quote the first of the long line, Thomas Reid, is thatThere is neither matter nor mind in the universe; nothing but impressions and ideas. What we call a body, is only a bundle of sensations; and what we call the mind, is only a bundle of thoughts, passions, and emotions, without any subject.
Les présupposés et les produits métaphysiques de la science et de la technique contemporaines
Authors: Bunge Mario 
Published: June 2010

On aurait du mal à trouver de la métaphysique dans la science moderne. Les théories scientifiques ne nous parlent pas de l'objet, du changement, du hasard, de la vie ou de la pensée en général. Et les données expérimentales ne renferment pas d'idées métaphysiques non plus. À première vue, donc, la science moderne est étrangère, voire hostile, à la métaphysique.Cette conclusion repose sur la supposition tacite que la science est identique à la somme des produits de la recherche scientifique. Or, cette supposition est fausse: la recherche est une activité qui ne sauiait être confondue avec ses produits. Et l'échafaudage heuristique servant à la recherche, constitué d'idées de toutes sortes, pourrait contenir des composantes métaphysiques.
Organicisme en biologie et en psychologie
Authors: Pirlot Paul 
Published: June 2010

Dans un ouvrage dont la lecture récente m'a incité à ecrire cet article, le professeur Ludwig von Bertalanffy, attaché jusqu'il y a peu de temps à l'Université del'Alberta à Edmonton, a présenté un nouveau plaidoyer en faveur de l'organicisme.Plus précisément, Bertalanffy y propose à nos réflexions deux thèmes distincts mais qui sont traités, partiellement imbriqués l'un dans l'autre, dans chacune des deux parties du livre. D'une part, il s'agit d'une relance de ce qu'on appelle la théorie des systemes en biologie ou organicisme; d'autre part, l'auteur nous fait une pressante invitation à étendre les concepts organicistes au domaine de la psychologie humaine. En examinant critiquement ces deux themes, nous pourrons aussi tenter d'apprécier l'importance qu'a prise l'organicisme depuis qu'ont paru les deux premiers ouvrages où Bertalanffy s'en est fait l'avocat, en 1928 et 1932.
La Phénoménologie économique de Fernand Dumont
Authors: Lagueux Maurice 
Published: June 2010

Le dernier livre de Fernand Dumont — si l'on excepte son récent recueil de poèmes — se présente à première vue comme un ouvrage à deux versants: un versant épistémologique constitue la première partie consacrée à « la crise et la reconstruction de l'objet » en sciences économiques, un versant dit « phénoménologique » (deuxième partie) porte non plus sur la science mais sur « le monde économique ».Il convient donc ici de mettre en lumière la façon dont s'articulent ces deux parties et pour ce faire, il peut être intéressant de s'arrêter d'abord a la seconde où ceux qui se sont intéressés au développement de la pensée de Fernand Dumont n'auront pas de mal à retrouver les grandes lignes de celle-ci.
The Beginning of the World
Authors: Wallace James D. 
Published: June 2010

Kant offered the following proof for the thesis that the world has a beginning in time:If we assume that the world has no beginning in time, then up to every given moment an eternity has elapsed, and there has passed away in the world an infinite series of successive states of things. Now the infinity of a series consists in the fact that it can never be completed through successive synthesis. It thus follows that it is impossible for an infinite world-series to have passed away, and that a beginning of the world is therefore a necessary condition of the world's existence.
Hume and Necessary Truth
Authors: Suchting W. A. 
Published: June 2010

There is a widespread belief, more often implied than explicitly asserted, that Hume considered all necessary propositions to be analytic.Of course Hume did not use the analytic-synthetic distinction explicitly. This only come to the forefront with Kant; and it is Kant who is probably the main source of the above-mentioned belief. Kant ascribed to Hume the view that mathematical propositions are, in his (Kant's) terminology, analytic. If this is correct, then since mathematics was for Hume the paradigm of a body of necessary truths, it is plausible to infer that he considered necessary propositions to be one and all analytic. The absence in Hume's writings of the analytic-synthetic terminology is by no means decisive: though he did not have the terms he may well have possessed the concepts, as evidenced by his use of them.
Le Problème de la raison chez Berkeley
Authors: Moreau André 
Published: June 2010

Ily a un problème de la raison dans la pensée berkeleyenne. Il n'a guère été débattu jusqu'ici.Deux éléments importants peuvent être invoqués à ce sujet. D'une part, on a cru longtemps que Berkeley était un empiriste. Plusieurs le croient toujours. De nombreux penseurs anglophones soutiennent cette thèse. Or des études assez profondes ont permis de dégager certains aspects structuraux de la pensée de Berkeley.