bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Orpheus and Aesthetic Historicism
Authors: Banchetti-Robino Marina Paola 
Published: December 2011

This essay offers a novel approach for understanding the poetry of negritude and its role in the struggle for black liberation by appealing to Giambattista Vico’s insights on the historical, cultural, and myth-making function of poetry and of the mythopoetic imagination. The essay begins with a discussion of Vico’s aesthetic historicism and of his ideas regarding the role of imagination, poetry, and myth-making and then brings these ideas to bear on the discussion of the function of negritude poetry, focusing primarily on the writings of Aimé Césaire and on Jean-Paul Sartre’s essay, Black Orpheus.
De l’expérience vécue à l’universel
Authors: Déchamp-Le Roux Catherine 
Published: December 2011

Albert Memmi a réalisé une œuvre complexe et importante tant sur le plan littéraire que sur le plan philosophique et sociologique. Dans le cadre de cette contribution à l’hommage rendu à son œuvre philosophique, j’ai choisi de développer la méthode et quelques concepts importants tels que la judéité, le racisme, l’hétérophobie et le laïcisme. Memmi a été un précurseur sur ces questions et son approche est originale. Il est reconnu comme une des figures incontournables de la lutte anticoloniale et antiraciste. Le portrait du colonisé est un des ouvrages importants qui a marqué la période de la décolonisation. Il est toujours une référence pour les peuples qui revendiquent leur autonomie et pour les pays confrontés à la question de la décolonisation et de ses conséquences. On a récemment redécouvert cet ouvrage à l’occasion de la sortie, en 2004, de l’essai Portrait du décolonisé arabo-musulman et de quelques autres. En France, le débat public généré par le principe de la laïcité dans la république puis par l’adoption d’une loi mémorielle sur les bienfaits de la colonisation ont contribué à faire émerger une mobilisation sociale sur les sujets sensibles du postcolonialisme. Le Mouvement des Indigènes de la République, créé en 2005, cite Le portrait du colonisé et Le racisme parmi d’autres ouvrages sur la colonisation, le postcolonialisme et le racisme. Enfin dans un ouvrage récent consacré au postcolonialisme, l’historien Yvan Gastaut considère que “sa pensée iconoclaste et complexe a toujours été à l’avant-garde des problèmes contemporains.”
Ophthalmic Evaluation and Management of Traumatic Accidents Associated with Retinal Breaks and Detachment: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nuzzi Raffaele , Buschini Elisa , Actis Alessandro Guido 
Published: December 2011

Purpose This retrospective study reviews a group of patients with retinal breaks or retinal detachment following ocular trauma. Methods A total of 94 patients were included in the study. They underwent closed globe injuries causing multiple retinal breaks or retinal detachment at time of presentation in the emergency department. Analysis concerned epidemiologic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, both in short-term (1 and 3 months) and long-term (6-12 months) follow-up. Results A total of 85% of patients were male, involved in work-related injuries, and complaining visual function decrease. Retinal breaks were mostly singular, U-shaped, and located in the upper temporal quadrant. At presentation, visual acuity ≥5/10 and Ocular Trauma Score of 4 were the most represented. Fifty-eight patients (61.70%) underwent repair within 48 hours of the trauma, 27 (28.73%) within 7 days, and 9 (9.57%) more than 7 days after trauma. Procedures performed were photocoagulation with argon laser (52%), episcleral buckle (34.45%), or vitrectomy associated with episcleral buckle and intraoperative argon laser (13.55%). A total of 92% of patients treated within 48 hours had better or unchanged visual acuity in 6-12 months of follow-up. All patients treated more than 7 days after trauma had worse visual acuity (p<0.01 with Student t test). Conclusions Detailed clinical history, well-done preoperative examination, early diagnosis, and prompt parasurgical or surgical repair are significant prognostic factors for better visual outcome and lower incidence of relapse.
Preparation and Identification of Generic Antigens and Broad-Spectrum Monoclonal Antibodies for Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides
Authors: Jiang Panpan , He Jiguo 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A simple, rapid, and high-sensitivity assay was developed to detect the multiresidue of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in the environment and food. Two separate generic haptens (Hapten A and B) with same O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate group and aromatic ring and different spacer arms were synthesized and conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) for immunogens and to ovalbumin (OVA) for coating antigens to study the effect of hapten and coating antigen heterology on immunoassay sensitivity. A broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody (MAb) was produced and a competitive ELISA developed using Hapten B-BSA as the immunogen and Hapten A-OVA as the coating antigen for the multiresidue determination of OPs, including parathion-methyl, fenitrothion, fenthion, chlorthion, and fenchlorphos. Several assay conditions, including organic solvent, pH, ionic strength, and incubation time, were studied sequentially to optimize the immunoassay. Using the optimal assay, 50% inhibition concentration values were estimated to be 34.5, 47.5, 79.8, 125.2, and 373.1 ng/mL for parathion-methyl, fenitrothion, fenthion, chlorthion, and fenchlorphos, respectively. The results indicated that the MAb showed specificity to all the above five OPs, and the assay could be developed for multiresidue determinations.
Development and Validation of a Reversed-Phase Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Assay of Lacidipine and Related Substances
Authors: Mohan Arivozhi , Patel Hitesh B , Saravanan Dhandayutham 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A simple isocratic, RP-ultra-performance LC method was developed and validated for the determination of lacidipine, three process impurities formed during synthesis, and three degradation products present in drug substance and the drug product. An efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity BEH C18 column using pH 4.5 ammonium acetate–acetic acid buffer–methanol (70 + 30, v/v) mobile phase. The monitoring wavelength was 240 nm, and the flow rate 0.25 mL/min. Forced degradation studies using acid, alkali, peroxide, water, heat, and light were conducted, and all impurities were separated. The method was validated successfully for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, and robustness, according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The linearity of the calibration curve for lacidipine and each impurity was found to be very good (r2 &gt; 0.999). This method is shown to be suitable for analysis of lacidipine to evaluate the quality of drug substance and a drug product.
Preparation and Characterization of Porous Calcium Titanate-Based Coated Glass Fiber Filter Material and Its Application in Determination of Lead and Cadmium Ion Concentrations in Water
Authors: Zhang Dong , Yu Ping , He Xiang 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Glass fiber filter coated with a porous block adsorption agent of calcium titanate (GPCTO) was prepared by the citric acid sol-gel method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR spectrophotometry. Its Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption properties from water were studied. Adsorption and elution were investigated under different conditions, as were the thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption, using Cd ion as representative. Calcium titanate may react with glass fiber, forming Si-O-Ti and B-O-Ti bonds and becoming a composite adsorbent. The Pb and Cd ions were quantitatively retained at pH 4–9; their adsorption capacities by the GPCTO were 199.72 and 19.68 mg/g, respectively. The isothermal data were described by the Langmuir equation. The dynamic data followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The enthalpy change (ΔH) of the adsorption process was 37.160 kJ/mol. At various temperatures, Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG) were negative, and entropy changes (ΔS) were positive. The activation energy (Ea) was 38.127 kJ/mol for the adsorption. Cd ion adsorption by the GPCTO was endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorbed Pb and Cd ions were completely recovered by elution with 2 M HNO3. The Pb2+ and Cd2+ concentration factors were up to 200. The method has been applied to the preconcentration for flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations of trace Pb and Cd ions in water samples. The recoveries were 95.2 to 102.4% for Pb and 92.2 to 98.0% for Cd.
Microsized Graphite Sensors for Potentiometric Determination of Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride in Pure Powder, Tablets, and Plasma
Authors: Ramadan Nesrin K , Zaazaa Hala E , Merey Hanan A 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Two cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (CZ) microsized graphite selective sensors were investigated with dibutylsebacate as a plasticizer in a polymeric matrix of carboxylated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-COOH) in the case of sensor 1, based on the interaction between the drug and the dissociated COOH groups in the PVC-COOH. Sensor 2 was based on the interaction between the drug and ammonium reineckate, which acted as anionic electroactive material in the presence of polyvinyl chloride matrix. The two sensors were constructed by using 2-hydroxy propyl β-cyclodextrin as an ionophore, which has a significant influence on increasing the membrane sensitivity and selectivity of both sensors. Fast and stable Nernstian responses of 1 × 10–5–1 × 10–2 and 1 × 10m–4–1 × 10–2 M for the two sensors, respectively, with slopes of 58.6 and 55.5 mV/decade, respectively, over the pH range 2–4 were obtained. The proposed method displayed useful analytical characteristics for determination of CZ in its pure powder form with average recoveries 99.95 ± 0.23 and 99.61 ± 0.34% for sensors 1 and 2, respectively, and in plasma with good recoveries. The sensors were also used to determine the intact drug in the presence of its degradate and, thus, could be used as stability-indicating methods. The obtained results by the proposed methods were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by the U.S. Pharmacopeia method; no significant difference for either accuracy or precision was observed. Results obtained with the two electrodes revealed their performance characteristics, which were evaluated according to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry recommendations.
Validation of Automated Library-Based Qualitative Screening of Pesticides by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mol Hans G J , van der Kamp Henk , van der Weg Guido , van der Lee Martijn , Punt Arjen , de Rijk Theo C 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A method for automated detection and reporting of pesticides in plant materials based on comprehensive two-dimensional GC/time-of-flight MS with library-based detection by software has been developed and validated. Optimum settings for detection parameters such as spectral match threshold and first and second dimension retention time tolerances were assessed with respect to occurrence of false detects and false negatives. Next the method was validated following European Union guidelines established for qualitative screening of pesticides. The validation was largely done in retrospect by using data obtained for spiked samples (235 pesticides, various crops, 0.01–0.2 mg/kg) that had been analyzed previously with routine samples over a period of 18 months. At 0.01 mg/kg, the required 95% confidence level (&lt;5% false negatives) was met for 83 compounds. This increased to 185 compounds at the 0.2 mg/kg level. For a number of pesticides, especially at low levels, it had to be concluded that at this stage the method was not fit-for-purpose to reliably demonstrate the absence of pesticides in samples to be analyzed. On the other hand, the fact that the overall detection rate at 0.01 mg/kg was 71% clearly showed that the method does provide added value for the numerous pesticides that are not covered by quantitative methods because the infrequent occurrence does not justify inclusion in such methods.
Multiresidue Analysis of Plant Growth Regulators in Grapes by Triple Quadrupole and Quadrupole–Time of Flight-Based Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Oulkar Dasharath P , Banerjee Kaushik , Kulkarni Sunil 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method is presented for simultaneous determination of 12 plant growth regulators, viz., indol-3-acetic acid, indol-3-butyric acid, kinetin, zeatin, 6-benzyl aminopurine, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, chlormequat chloride, forchlorfenuron, paclobutrazole, daminozide, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, in bud sprouts and grape berries. The sample preparation method involved extraction of homogenized sample (5 g) with 40 mL methanol (80%), and final determination was by LC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with time segmentation for quantification supported by complementary analysis by quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) MS with targeted high-resolution MS/MS scanning for confirmatory identification based on accurate mass measurements. The recovery of the test compounds ranged within 90–107% with precision RSD less than 5% (n = 6). The method could be successfully applied in analyzing incurred residue samples, and the strength of accurate mass analysis could be utilized in identifying the compounds in cases where the qualifier MRM ions were absent or at an S/N less than 3:1 due to low concentrations.
Behçet's disease: Successful treatment with infliximab in 7 patients with severe vascular manifestations. A retrospective analysis
Authors: Adler Sabine , Baumgartner Iris , Villiger Peter M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of infliximab in patients with inflammatory vascular lesions due to Behçet's disease (BD).MethodsSeven patients with clinical evidence of severe vascular BD were analyzed: 3 patients with aortic involvement, 1 with recurrent venous thrombosis of the pelvic veins, 1 with recurrent venous and arterial thromboses of the thigh, and 2 with retinal vasculitis. Infliximab was initiated with 3–5 mg/kg of body weight and infusions were repeated in intervals of 4 weeks as either first‐line therapy in 3 patients or add on after failure of conventional immunosuppression in the remaining 4. Ongoing immunosuppression consists of a various combination of azathioprine (n = 2), methotrexate (n = 3), cyclosporine (n = 3), and low‐dose glucocorticoids (n = 3).ResultsControl of inflammation was seen 1–5 days after infliximab induction in all patients. C‐reactive protein level was reduced from a mean of 89 mg/liter prior to infliximab to 9 mg/liter thereafter. Vision increased rapidly in patients with retinal vasculitis. Vascular grafts remained patent. The inflamed and dissected aortic wall healed over a period of 6 months. Infliximab could be stopped in 2 patients; intervals could be extended in 4 to a maximum of 8 weeks. Infliximab and basic immunosuppression were well tolerated; no drug‐induced side effects were recorded.ConclusionInfliximab is effective in inducing and maintaining remission of vasculitic activity in patients with BD. The rapid effect together with excellent tolerability suggests that infliximab should be considered as a first‐line agent in severe vascular BD.
Consensus treatment plans for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mina Rina , von Scheven Emily , Ardoin Stacy P. , Eberhard B. Anne , Punaro Marilynn , Ilowite Norman , Hsu Joyce , Klein‐gitelman Marisa , Moorthy L. Nandini , Muscal Eyal , Radhakrishna Suhas M. , Wagner‐weiner Linda , Adams Matthew , Blier Peter , Buckley Lenore , Chalom Elizabeth , Chédeville Gaëlle , Eichenfield Andrew , Fish Natalya , Henrickson Michael , Hersh Aimee O. , Hollister Roger , Jones Olcay , Jung Lawrence , Levy Deborah , Lopez‐Benitez Jorge , McCurdy Deborah , Miettunen Paivi M. , Quintero‐Del Rio Ana I. , Rothman Deborah , Rullo Ornella , Ruth Natasha , Schanberg Laura E. , Silverman Earl , Singer Nora G. , Soep Jennifer , Syed Reema , Vogler Larry B. , Yalcindag Ali , Yildirim‐toruner Cagri , Wallace Carol A. , Brunner Hermine I. ,   Carra SLE Subcommittee
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo formulate consensus treatment plans (CTPs) for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA structured consensus formation process was employed by the members of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance after considering the existing medical evidence and current treatment approaches.ResultsAfter an initial Delphi survey (response rate = 70%), a 2‐day consensus conference, and 2 followup Delphi surveys (response rates = 63–79%), consensus was achieved for a limited set of CTPs addressing the induction therapy of proliferative LN. These CTPs were developed for prototypical patients defined by eligibility characteristics, and included immunosuppressive therapy with either mycophenolic acid orally twice per day, or intravenous cyclophosphamide once per month at standardized dosages for 6 months. Additionally, the CTPs describe 3 options for standardized use of glucocorticoids, including a primarily oral, a mixed oral/intravenous, and a primarily intravenous regimen. There was consensus on measures of effectiveness and safety of the CTPs. The CTPs were well accepted by the pediatric rheumatology providers treating children with LN, and up to 300 children per year in North America are expected to be candidates for the treatment with the CTPs.ConclusionCTPs for induction therapy of proliferative LN in juvenile SLE based on the available scientific evidence and pediatric rheumatology group experience have been developed. Consistent use of the CTPs may improve the prognosis of proliferative LN, and support the conduct of comparative effectiveness studies aimed at optimizing therapeutic strategies for proliferative LN in juvenile SLE.
Custom foot orthoses for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review
Authors: Hennessy Kym , Woodburn James , Steultjens Martijn P. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and critically appraise the evidence for the effectiveness of custom orthoses for the foot and ankle in rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsStudies were identified in appropriate electronic databases (from 1950 to March 2011). The search term “rheumatoid arthritis” with “foot” and “ankle” and related terms were used in conjunction with “orthoses” and synonyms. Included studies were quantitative longitudinal studies and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case–control trials, cohort studies, and case series studies. All outcome measures were investigated. Quality assessment was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria with additional criteria for sample population representativeness, quality of statistical analysis, and compliant intervention use and presence of cointerventions. Meta‐analyses were conducted for outcome domains with multiple RCTs. Qualitative data synthesis was conducted for the remaining outcome domains. Levels of evidence were then assigned to each outcome measure.ResultsThe inclusion criteria were met by 17 studies. Two studies had high quality for internal validity and 3 studies had high quality for external validity. No study had high quality for both internal and external validity. Six outcome domains were identified. There was weak evidence for custom orthoses reducing pain and forefoot plantar pressures. Evidence was inconclusive for foot function, walking speed, gait parameters, and reducing hallux abductovalgus angle progression.ConclusionCustom orthoses may be beneficial in reducing pain and elevated forefoot plantar pressures in the rheumatoid foot and ankle. However, more definitive research is needed in this area.
Touchscreen questionnaire patient data collection in rheumatology practice: Development of a highly successful system using process redesign
Authors: Newman Eric D. , Lerch Virginia , Jones J. B. , Stewart Walter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveWhile questionnaires have been developed to capture patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in rheumatology practice, these instruments are not widely used. We developed a touchscreen interface designed to provide reliable and efficient data collection. Using the touchscreen to obtain PROs, we compared 2 different workflow models implemented separately in 2 rheumatology clinics.MethodsThe Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act methodology was used in 2 cycles of workflow redesign. Cycle 1 relied on off‐the‐shelf questionnaire builder software, and cycle 2 relied on a custom programmed software solution.ResultsDuring cycle 1, clinic 1 (private practice model, resource replete, simple flow) demonstrated a high completion rate at the start, averaging between 74% and 92% for the first 12 weeks. Clinic 2 (academic model, resource deficient, complex flow) did not achieve a consistent completion rate above 60%. The revised cycle 2 implementation protocol incorporated a 15‐minute “nurse visit,” an instant messaging system, and a streamlined authentication process, all of which contributed to substantial improvement in touchscreen questionnaire completion rates of ∼80% that were sustained without the need for any additional clinic staff support.ConclusionProcess redesign techniques and touchscreen technology were used to develop a highly successful, efficient, and effective process for the routine collection of PROs in a busy, complex, and resource‐depleted academic practice and in typical private practice. The successful implementation required both a touchscreen questionnaire, human behavioral redesign, and other technical solutions.
Incidence and risk factors for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy among patients with selected rheumatic diseases
Authors: Bharat A. , Xie F. , Baddley J. W. , Beukelman T. , Chen L. , Calabrese L. , Delzell E. , Grijalva C. G. , Patkar N. M. , Saag K. , Winthrop K. L. , Curtis J. R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with selected rheumatic diseases, to describe the characteristics of PML cases occurring in this setting, and to evaluate the extent to which such cases occurred in the context of biologic therapies such as rituximab or tumor necrosis factor antagonists.MethodsWe conducted a large population‐based study to describe the incidence and risk factors for PML among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and ankylosing spondylitis using national inpatient and outpatient administrative data from the entire Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services from 2000–2009. Suspected PML cases were identified using hospital discharge diagnosis codes. Risk factors for PML were evaluated using outpatient data ≥6 months prior to PML diagnosis.ResultsAmong 2,030,578 patients with autoimmune diseases of interest, a total of 53 PML cases were identified (2.6 per 100,000 patients). Most PML cases had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or cancer. Nine PML cases had evidence for biologic use prior to PML hospitalization, of which 3 had neither HIV nor malignancy and were exposed to biologics within 12 (rituximab) or 6 months (all other biologics) prior to PML diagnosis. PML occurred at an estimated incidence of 0.2 per 100,000 patients with autoimmune diseases who did not have HIV or malignancy.ConclusionPML occurs at a very low incidence among patients with rheumatic diseases but can occur even in the absence of HIV or malignancy.