bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphoramidites: Marvellous Ligands in Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition
Authors: Feringa Ben L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Aspects of Nonlinear Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Blackmond Donna G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biotransformations by Microorganisms, Organisms, and Enzymes: State of Art
Authors: Duran Nelson , De Conti Roseli , Rodrigues Jose A. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical Addition: Factors Determining the Activation Energy
Authors: Denisov E. T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Aspects of Reactions of Vinylic Iodonium/Iodane with Nucleophiles
Authors: Okuyama Tadashi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Tellurium Nanoparticles by Alcohol CVD
Authors: Qian Yong , Huang Shaoming , Bai Yanhu , Chen Jiangying , Zhang Lijie , Guang Weipeng , Wang Shan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate that semiconductor Te is an effective catalyst for the growth of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The results show that the SWNTs from Te and EtOH have better conductivity, and better structural uniformity with less defects than those from Fe/Mo nanoparticles. This new element provides not only an alternative catalyst for SWNT growth, but also a way to a generate high percentage (92.2%) of superlong semiconducting SWNT (s‐SWNT) arrays. The generation of such a high percentage of s‐SWNT arrays will represent a big step forward in the controlled growth of semiconducting SWNTs for electronics applications, and also make possible the exploration of some other nanometer‐sized tools, such as nano‐thermometers.
Synthesis of WO3 Nanogranular Thin Films by Hot‐Wire CVD
Authors: Houweling Z. Silvester , Geus John W. , Schropp Ruud E. I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBy resistively heating tungsten filaments in a constant air flow under a reduced pressure, nanogranular amorphous WO3 thin films are deposited on glassy carbon substrates. The substrate surface temperature is monitored by a thermocouple. For deposition times of 15 min and longer, the films show crystallization into a monoclinic nanocrystalline WO3 phase due to thermal radiation from the filaments. The thin films thus deposited consist of very small grains with sizes of 8–16 nm for a film deposited in 5 min, and to sizes of 20–42 nm for a film deposited in 60 min. By heating the bottom of the substrate to 950 °C, the grains sinter to nanorods with diameters of 146 ± 26 nm with lengths of up to 750 nm.The morphology, the film thickness, the grain and the nanorod sizes of the depositions are characterized by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and the atomic species present in the films by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The number of atoms in the films is determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The results are combined with measurements of the physical thicknesses, and thus the mass densities of the deposited films are obtained. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the deposited films crystallographically and chemically, respectively.
Development of a Direct Alcohol Alkaline Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Gaurava D. , Verma A. , Sharma D. K. , Basu S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDirect alcohol alkaline fuel cells (DAAFC) are one of the potential fuel cell types in the category of low temperature fuel cells, which could become an energy source for portable electronic equipment in future. In the present study, a simple DAAFC stack has been developed and studied to evaluate the maximum performance for a given fuel (methanol or ethanol) and electrolyte (KOH) at various concentrations and temperatures. The open circuit voltage of the stack of four cells was nearly 4.0 V. A particular combination, 2 M fuel (methanol or ethanol) and 3 M KOH, results in maximum power density of the stack. The maximum power density obtained from the DAAFC stack (25 °C) was 50 mW cm–2 at 20 mA cm–2 for methanol and 17 mA cm–2 for ethanol. The stack power density corroborated with that obtained from a single cell, indicating there was no further loss in the stack.
The effect of long‐term TENS on persistent neuroplastic changes in the human cerebral cortex
Authors: Meesen Raf L.J. , Cuypers Koen , Rothwell John C. , Swinnen Stephan P. , Levin Oron 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe long‐term effect of daily somatosensory stimulation with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on reorganization of the motor cortex was investigated in a group of neurologically intact humans. The scalp representation of the corticospinal projection to the finger (APB, ADM) and forearm (FCR, ECR) muscles was mapped by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after a 3‐week intervention period, using map area and volume, and topographical overlaps between the cortical motor representations of these muscles as primary dependent measures. Findings revealed a significant increase in cortical motor representation of all four muscles for the TENS group from pre to posttest (all, P ≤ 0.026). No significant changes in cortical motor representations were observed in the control group. The present observations highlight the potential benefit of sensory training by means of TENS as a useful complementary therapy in neurorehabilitation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Default mode network abnormalities in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: A study combining fMRI and DTI
Authors: Liao Wei , Zhang Zhiqiang , Pan Zhengyong , Mantini Dante , Ding Jurong , Duan Xujun , Luo Cheng , Wang Zhengge , Tan Qifu , Lu Guangming , Chen Huafu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStudies of in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) have reported reductions in both functional and structural connectivity between hippocampal structures and adjacent brain regions. However, little is known about the connectivity among the default mode network (DMN) in mTLE. Here, we hypothesized that both functional and structural connectivity within the DMN were disturbed in mTLE. To test this hypothesis, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were applied to examine the DMN connectivity of 20 mTLE patients, and 20 gender‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. Combining these two techniques, we explored the changes in functional (temporal correlation coefficient derived from fMRI) and structural (path length and connection density derived from DTI tractography) connectivity of the DMN. Compared to the controls, we found that both functional and structural connectivity were significantly decreased between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus (PCUN) and bilateral mesial temporal lobes (mTLs) in patients. No significant between‐group difference was found between the PCC/PCUN and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In addition, functional connectivity was found to be correlated with structural connectivity in two pairwise regions, namely between the PCC/PCUN and bilateral mTLs, respectively. Our results suggest that the decreased functional connectivity within the DMN in mTLE may be a consequence of the decreased connection density underpinning the degeneration of structural connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrological modelling and water balance of the Negro River basin: evaluation based on in situ and spatial altimetry data
Authors: Getirana A. C. V. , Bonnet M.‐P. , Rotunno Filho O. C. , Collischonn W. , Guyot J.‐L. , Seyler F. , Mansur W. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study intends to bridge the gap between global‐ and local‐scale hydrological studies in the Amazon basin by assessing the hydrological response of the Negro basin. The large basin model from the Institute of Hydraulic Research (MGB‐IPH hydrological model) has been used to simulate the hydrological processes over the basin during the period 1997–2006. The model was forced with a precipitation field for the Amazon basin derived from the Hybam observatory and climatological data provided by NCEP. Calibration and validation procedures were developed based on daily discharge datasets from 22 gauge stations. In addition, this paper focusses on ENVISAT spatial altimetry data from 27 virtual stations (VS). The spatial altimetry datasets were used as a complement to the model validation. For each computational cell, water heights could be derived from a robust discharge × height relationship generalized to most parts of the basin. The modelled discharges and water heights feature adequate performance levels at gauge and VS along the main river and tributaries with drainage areas varying from 5900 to 712 500 km2. Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients of modelled discharges varied from 0·47 to 0·94 and correlation coefficients of water heights averaged 0·86 for the entire basin. According to the water balance provided by the model, the amount of precipitation received over the basin is 7·2 mm day−1 during the study period with an evapotranspiration (ET) rate of 3·2 mm day−1. The model could also capture the different ET rates over the basin, as presented in previous studies. Results suggest relatively low ET values in the Northern basin, in the Roraima State, of about 3·1 mm day−1, and higher values near Manaus (3·8 mm day−1). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical imaging below the diffraction limit – probing cellular membrane related structures by tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS)
Authors: Böhme René , Cialla Dana , Richter Marc , Rösch Petra , Popp Jürgen , Deckert Volker 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA first vibrational mapping on the nanometer scale was performed on a protein (streptavidin) labelled supported phospholipid film by means of tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). For this purpose a TERS spectral map was measured on the biomembrane model, using a step size far below the diffraction limit. Considering the model composition, spectra were classified as either typical for lipids, proteins or both simultaneously, in a qualitative manner. Subsequently, the spectroscopic information was assigned with respect to the topographic features. Since a spatial differentiation between different compositional domains is difficult to achieve by topographic features only, the combination of morphology and spectral data enables a much more detailed characterization of biomembranes. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative effectiveness of macrolides and quinolones for patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD)
Authors: Rothberg Michael B. , Pekow Penelope S. , Lahti Maureen , Brody Oren , Skiest Daniel J. , Lindenauer Peter K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Meta‐analyses of randomized trials have found that antibiotics are effective in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), but there is insufficient evidence to guide antibiotic selection. Current guidelines offer conflicting recommendations.OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of macrolides and quinolones for AECOPDDESIGN:Retrospective cohort study using logistic regression, propensity score–matching, and grouped treatment models.SETTING:A total of 375 acute care hospitals throughout the United States.PATIENTS:Age ≥40 years and hospitalized for AECOPD.INTERVENTION:Macrolide or quinolone antibiotic begun in the first 2 hospital days.MEASUREMENTS:Treatment failure (defined as the initiation of mechanical ventilation after hospital day 2, inpatient mortality, or readmission for AECOPD within 30 days), length of stay, and hospital costs.RESULTS:Of the 19,608 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 6139 (31%) were treated initially with a macrolide and 13,469 (69%) with a quinolone. Compared to patients treated initially with a quinolone, those who received macrolides had a lower risk of treatment failure (6.8% vs. 8.1%; P < 0.01), a finding that was attenuated after multivariable adjustment (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78–1.01), and disappeared in a grouped‐treatment analysis (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.75–1.35). There were no differences in adjusted length of stay (ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–1.00) or adjusted cost (ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99–1.02). After propensity score–matching, antibiotic‐associated diarrhea was more common with quinolones (1.2% vs. 0.6%; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Macrolide and quinolone antibiotics are associated with similar rates of treatment failure in AECOPD; however, macrolides are less frequently associated with diarrhea. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:267–267. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Healthcare‐associated candidemia—A distinct entity?
Authors: Gulia Joyti , Aryal Shambu , Saadlla Haval , Shorr Andrew F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The concept of health care‐associated infection (HCAI) was developed to address the fact that select patients now present to the hospital with infections due to traditionally nosocomial pathogens. Although epidemiologic studies document the clear existence of health care‐associated pneumonia, little is known about fungal pathogens and their role in HCAIs.OBJECTIVE:To describe the epidemiology of health care‐associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to candida species and to compare patients with HCA candidemia to nosocomial candidemia.DESIGN:Retrospective case series.SETTING:Academic, tertiary care hospital.MEASUREMENTS:We measured the proportion of cases of candidal BSI classified as health care‐associated along with the microbiology of these infections. We compared health care‐associated and nosocomial cases of candidemia with respect to demographics, severity of illness, and fluconazole susceptibility.RESULTS:We noted 233 cases of candidal BSI over a 3‐year period. Nearly one‐quarter represented an HCAI that presented to the hospital, as opposed to a nosocomial process. Although patients with HCA candidemia were similar to subjects with nosocomial infection in terms of underlying comorbidities and severity of illness, those with HCA yeast BSI were more likely to be immunosuppressed and to have their infection caused by a fluconazole‐resistant organism. C. glabrata was seen more often in patients presenting to the hospital with an HCA case of candidemia.CONCLUSIONS:Clinicians must recognize the potential for candida species to cause HCA infections and to be present at time of hospital presentation. Physicians need to consider this and the distribution of species of yeast causing BSI in their institution when considering initial therapy for patients with a suspected BSI. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:298–301. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Influence of language barriers on outcomes of hospital care for general medicine inpatients
Authors: Karliner Leah S. , Kim Sue E. , Meltzer David O. , Auerbach Andrew D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Few studies have examined whether patients with language barriers receive worse hospital care in terms of quality or efficiency.OBJECTIVE:To examine whether patients' primary language influences hospital outcomes.DESIGN AND SETTING:Observational cohort of urban university hospital general medical admissions between July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003.PATIENTS:Eighteen years old or older whose hospital data included information on their primary language, specifically English, Russian, Spanish or Chinese.MEASUREMENTS:Hospital costs, length of stay (LOS), and odds for 30‐day readmission or 30‐day mortality.RESULTS:Of 7023 admitted patients, 84% spoke English, 8% spoke Chinese, 4% Russian and 4% Spanish. In multivariable models, non‐English and English speakers had statistically similar total cost, LOS, and odds for mortality. However, non‐English speakers had higher adjusted odds of readmission (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0‐1.7). Higher odds for readmission persisted for Chinese and Spanish speakers when compared to all English speakers (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2‐2.3 and OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0‐2.3 respectively).CONCLUSIONS:After accounting for socioeconomic variables and comorbidities, non‐English speaking Latino and Chinese patients have higher risk for readmission. Whether language barriers produce differences in readmission or are a marker for less access to post‐hospital care remains unclear. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:276–282. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Efficient extraction of equivalent circuit parameters for interconnect structures based on the Battle‐Lemarie scalet in the method of moments
Authors: Tong M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBattle‐Lemarie father wavelet is used as a basis function in the method of moments (MoM) for solving interconnect and packaging problems and extracting circuit parameters needed in signal integrity. As the Battle‐Lemarie father wavelet or scalet is continuous, symmetric, and much more smooth compared with other wavelets like Franklin, Daubechies, and Coifman wavelets, it is more suitable as a basis function in the MoM for the electromagnetic modeling and simulation of interconnect structures because the unknown functions are involved in derivative operators in the integral equations. Also, the Battle‐Lemarie scalet is easier to construct and implement compared with multiwavelets, which are also continuous and smooth; hence, it requires less computational costs. The numerical examples for the circuit parameter extraction of single trapezoidal interconnect and asymmetric dual interconnects are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of malachite green fading in alcohol–water binary mixtures
Authors: Samiey Babak , Toosi Ali Raoof 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe rate constant of alkaline fading of malachite green (MG+) was studied in alcohol–water binary mixtures. This reaction was studied under pseudo‐first‐order conditions at 283–303 K. It was observed that the reaction rate constants were increased in the presence of different weight percentages of methanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐propanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2‐propanediol, and glycerol (up to 19.3%). In aqueous glycerol solutions higher than 19.3%, the rate constant of reaction slightly decreases, which is due to high viscosity values of solvent mixtures. The fundamental rate constants of MG+ fading in these solutions were obtained by using the SESMORTAC model. Owing to the charged character of activated complex, with an increase in the weight percentage of the used cosolvents or temperature, k2 values change according to the trend of hydroxide ion nucleophilic parameter values. Also, using MG+ solvatochromism, a simple test, called MAGUS, is introduced for measuring the glycerol concentration in its aqueous solutions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 508–518, 2010
Combination of compressed sensing and parallel imaging for highly accelerated first‐pass cardiac perfusion MRI
Authors: Otazo Ricardo , Kim Daniel , Axel Leon , Sodickson Daniel K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFirst‐pass cardiac perfusion MRI is a natural candidate for compressed sensing acceleration since its representation in the combined temporal Fourier and spatial domain is sparse and the required incoherence can be effectively accomplished by k‐t random undersampling. However, the required number of samples in practice (three to five times the number of sparse coefficients) limits the acceleration for compressed sensing alone. Parallel imaging may also be used to accelerate cardiac perfusion MRI, with acceleration factors ultimately limited by noise amplification. In this work, compressed sensing and parallel imaging are combined by merging the k‐t SPARSE technique with sensitivity encoding (SENSE) reconstruction to substantially increase the acceleration rate for perfusion imaging. We also present a new theoretical framework for understanding the combination of k‐t SPARSE with SENSE based on distributed compressed sensing theory. This framework, which identifies parallel imaging as a distributed multisensor implementation of compressed sensing, enables an estimate of feasible acceleration for the combined approach. We demonstrate feasibility of 8‐fold acceleration in vivo with whole‐heart coverage and high spatial and temporal resolution using standard coil arrays. The method is relatively insensitive to respiratory motion artifacts and presents similar temporal fidelity and image quality when compared to Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) with 2‐fold acceleration. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of knee positions on T2, T*2, and dGEMRIC mapping in porcine knee cartilage
Authors: Shiomi Toshiyuki , Nishii Takashi , Myoui Akira , Yoshikawa Hideki , Sugano Nobuhiko 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe examined the influence of flexed knee positions on cartilage MR assessments. Sagittal T2, T*2, and delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) maps of the femoral cartilage were obtained in eight 6‐month‐old porcine femorotibial joints in the extended knee position (position A: flexion 0° and femoral shaft in parallel with the amplitude of static field), flexed knee position (position B: flexion 40° and femoral shaft oriented at 40° to the amplitude of static field), and oblique‐placed knee‐extended position (position C: flexion 0° and femoral shaft oriented at 40° to the amplitude of static field). Comparison of the MR parameters between positions A and C showed isolated influence of the magic‐angle effect, and comparison between positions A and B showed effects of knee flexion. Proteoglycan and hydroxyproline content in cartilage specimen at each region of interest had no significant correlation with T2, T*2, and dGEMRIC values. At the central zone, located on a weight‐bearing area and parallel to the amplitude of static field, T2/T*2/dGEMRIC values increased by 6.8/11/0.8% at position C and by 24/44/31% at position B compared with position A. There was a significant increase in T2 and T*2 values at position B compared with those at position A. The substantial changes in T2, T*2, and dGEMRIC were shown in response to knee flexion, presumably due to the compounding influence of the magic‐angle effect and change in the intra‐articular biomechanical condition. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.