bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_8A: Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Negi Ashwani , Gandhi Manoj K. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Anemia is a manifestation of under-nutrition and poor dietary intake of iron and is a public health problem in India. Iron deficiency is the primary cause of anemia among women in India with a prevalence reported in National Family Health Survey-4 as 54.4% among pregnant women and 52.2% among women of age 15-49 years in rural area.

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh.

Methodology:
It was a community based cross-sectional study where 09 health blocks from 07 districts were selected randomly using probability proportionate to size criteria for selection of blocks. Considering 50% prevalence, 5% error and 80% Confidence level, a sample size 164 was obtained and taking 10% dropout a total sample size of 180 was obtained. 20 pregnant women from each block were enrolled after written informed consent and screened for anemia.

Results:
A total of 180 women were enrolled for the study. The mean age of the study subjects was 26.3±4.13 years with mean age of marriage as 22.44±2.97 years. 102 (56.6%) subjects were primigravida. The prevalence of anemia observed was 29.4% and mean hemoglobin levels observed were 11.7±1.47 gm/dL.

Conclusion:
We estimated prevalence of anemia among pregnant women as 29.4% which is lower than that reported in India but still there are lacunas which are to be filled so as to further reduce its prevalence.
IJCM_82A: Behavioral and Functional Changes Due to Smartphone Over-usage among Under-five Children in Rural Puducherry- A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sheeba R. , Kannan K , Rajini  , Premnath D , Monisha V 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Smartphone have revolutionized, and become an integral part of a child’s life. The child’s interaction with these modern devices needs to be assessed because it could have an enormous effect on their behavior, sleep habits, and psychological addiction.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of exposure to smartphone, and the association between the exposure and behavioral, functional changes among under-five children in rural Puducherry

Methodology:
This community based cross-sectional study was done in the field practice area of a private medical college in Puducherry. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 340 eligible participants. A semi- structured questionnaire was used to assess the pattern of exposure, physical, social, and behavioral changes among study participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, and p-value of

Results:
Among 340 children, more than half of participants 180(52.9%) were female. Interestingly, around half of the study participants parents 181(53.2%) accepted that, their children were exposed to smartphone for entertainment purposes, and around one-tenth 35 (10.3%) of the participants viewed screen for more than the recommended screen time for age. Increased smartphone exposure was statistically associated with behavioral, and functional changes.

Conclusion:
Measures must be undertaken to prevent the deleterious behavioral and functional changes in under-five children due to excessive smartphone usage. Health education sessions and social behavioral change communication should be planned for the parents to protect the budding generation from the negative effects of smartphone usage.
IJCM_87A: Immunization status among children living in streets of Chennai - A cross sectional study
Authors: Ramalakshmi  , Sudharshini S 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The homeless population of Chennai is the people who are living in the platforms, bus stands and other unused buildings in Chennai for more than three generations. Many of them lack basic amenities for their living, which makes them a vulnerable population especially the women and children. The children especially are prone to many communicable diseases as a result of their way of living

Objective:
To estimate the immunization status among the children of homeless population in Chennai.

Methodology:
The information about the clusters of homeless population is obtained from the Greater Chennai Corporation enumeration. Individual clusters are mapped in Zone 5 of Greater Chennai Corporation. Almost all the mothers of children of age up to 5 years are interviewed. Data collected using Epicollect5 data collection software.

Results:
The mean age of the children was 34.59 + 17.73 months. 45.4% were male children and 54.6% were female children.98.9% of the mothers registered their pregnancy and 100% delivered in the public facility. 93.4% registered their birth. 87.4 % of the children got enrolled in Anganwadis. 90.5% of the children were immunized up to age. Only one child (0.4%) didn’t get the birth dose of BCG. 18 children (6.6%) didn’t get their Measles Rubella vaccine not even once. 28 children (10.3%) didn’t get their second dose of Measles Rubella vaccine and Diptheria Pertussis Tetanus vaccine.

Conclusion:
The immunization coverage among homeless children upto 5 years is 90.5%. The coverage has to be strengthened in order to improve their quality of life
IJCM_88A: Perception of the medical college faculty on new competency-based medical education curriculum for MBBS students
Authors: Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rathi Priya , Suneja Gayatri , Bullagan Arpit , Sehgal Anna , Singh Shrutika , Singh Prashant , Rekha T , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Medical education needs to be adjusted to meet the fast- changing expectations of society and the resulting demands on daily medical practice. The Medical Council of India (MCI) has updated the Medical Curriculum based on CBME.

Objectives:
1. To assess the perceptions of the faculty members of the Medical college on the competency-based medical education curriculum for the MBBS course 2. To assess the readiness to incorporate competency-based medical education in the medical education curriculum among faculty members

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was set in Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, among teaching staff of pre-clinical, para-clinical, and clinical departments. A total of 93 (pre-clinical-29, para-clinical-31, clinical=33) faculty members were requested to fill out the questionnaire.

Results:
Our study highlights inter-department coordination, time demands, and lack of faculty training as the major barriers to the implementation of CBME. Among all participants around 60% were females. Most of the participants had teaching experiences between 0-5 years. Almost 95% of the participants were aware of the new MCI 2019 curriculum. The majority of the participants rated their knowledge about CMBE as moderate level (38.7%). 61.3% of the faculty members consider themselves to be ready to incorporate CBМЕ. According to most faculty members, a moderate amount (50%) of training is required and sessions and workshops (68.8%) are the most preferred type of training.

Conclusion:
Most of the faculty members found that the CBME pattern will be effective in imparting skills to undergraduates. Most of the participants identified inter-department coordination, demands of time, and lack of training in evaluation and feedback to be the major barriers to implementing the CBME pattern. Most of the faculty members consider themselves to be ready for this change even though a lot of them find the implementation of CBME to be a difficult task.
IJCM_9A: Violence among pregnant women attending a secondary care maternity hospital, Ramnagara Taluk, Solur– A Cross-Sectional study.
Authors: Mathews Mary , Mary Merlyn Joseph Santha Sheela A , Paul Riya 
Published: April 2024

Background:
According to NFHS 5 data, 3.1% of pregnant women in India suffer from domestic violence. Domestic violence in pregnant women can lead to unfavourable effect on physical, mental and emotional health of women, not only women, the growing fetus is also affected.

Objectives:
i) To assess the prevalence of violence among pregnant women in a private secondary level hospital in Solur, Ramnagara. ii) To assess the factors associated with violence among the study population.

Methodology:
All pregnant women of age group 18-40 years availing services at the out-patient department of the Snehalaya Hospital, Solur except those who were in labour or having serious medical emergency irrespective of gestational age were included in the study. Our sample size were 384 pregnant women in Solur. Study period were from November 2022 to February 2023 with the help of validated interview guide domestic violence among pregnant women has been assessed and data collected using Epicollect 5®. Chi-square test for association was done to identify associations, if any.

Results:
In the study, antenatal women who experienced violence were 146 out of 384 (38%). Of these, the distribution of cases were as follows: psychological violence – 114 (29.6%), physical violence – 19 (4.9%), sexual violence – 5 (1.3%) and economical violence – 75 (19.5%). Factors associated with violence were husband’s alcoholic addiction, higher age of pregnant women, higher education and unemployed pregnant women, multigravida and middle class family (Chi-square test, P< 0.05).

Conclusion:
In the study, 1/3rd of pregnant women were suffering from domestic violence. Early identification of domestic violence during the antenatal clinics and providing proper counseling to husband and family members regarding later consequences to mother and child due to violence can improve maternal and child health in future.
IJCM_90A: Knowledge about newer contraceptives among health care personnel working in primary health centres in north coastal district of Andhra Pradesh- a Cross sectional analytical study
Authors: Tanuja M. , Madhavi B. Devi , Sapuri Rukmini Devi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
According to NFHS -5 the contraceptive prevalence rate has 67%. The unmet need for contraception is two-pronged: a spacing method and a permanent method. A Newer Oral contraceptive pill Chhaya is suitable for both of these purposes. Another newer injectable contraceptive available as Antara. Both are having less side effects. Government of India supplies free of cost. But its current acceptance rates are lower than expected. Health Care Personnel are the key persons to educate, promote and create awareness on contraceptive acceptance in the community especially, Eligible Couple. Hence this study was conducted to assess the knowledge of grassroot level of Health Care Personnel.

Objectives:
1. To assess the knowledge of field Health Care Personnel on Newer Contraceptives. 2. To compare the knowledge among Health Care Personnel in Urban and Rural PHCs.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 100 Health care personnel (5 Urban & 5 Rural PHCs) of North coastal district, Andhra Pradesh during November 2023 by simple random sampling with prevalence 50% and with allowable error 10%. Those who are willing, included in the study after taking written informed consent. Knowledge was categorized as Poor, Fair, Good. Data was collected by using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS 21. Prior approval from institutional educational committee was obtained.

Results:
Mean age of study population is 38 ± 17 years. Mean service was 8.4 ± 9 years. 72% of study population were =10th standard.39.8% of the health care personnel have fair knowledge and 60.2% of health care personnel have poor knowledge on newer contraceptives. Fair Knowledge was more among urban study subjects.

Conclusion:
Knowledge about contraceptive was inadequate in majority of health care personnel. It should be enhanced by conducting scrupulous training programs.
IJCM_92A: Pregnancy outcomes associated with antenatal care service utilization & barriers and enablers affecting the utilization of antenatal care services in South-East Delhi: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Bano Aysha , Islam Farzana , Alvi Yasir 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Antenatal care provides preventive health care, through which women can learn from skilled health personnel. Women who don’t consume Iron Folic Acid Supplements as prescribed would experience iron and folic acid (IFA) deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency has negative effects on mothers and newborns while folic acid deficiency in pregnancy causes pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, neural tube defects, fetal malformation, type 2 diabetes, and obesity in the newborn. Comprehensive antenatal care is early registration of pregnancy (within 12 weeks), at least four ANC visits at a health facility, two doses of tetanus toxoid, and at least 100 days of IFAS consumption.

Objectives:
1-To assess pregnancy outcomes associated with antenatal care service utilization in participants aged 18-49 years residing in the field practice areas of a Medical College in South-East Delhi. 2-To determine the barriers and enablers affecting the utilization of antenatal care services in the given population.

Methodology:
It is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in South-East Delhi. The sample size was calculated as 300 considering a 5% absolute error for a 95% confidence interval and 10% non-response rate. Out of 300, the current data of 200 participants will be depicted here. Stratified systematic random sampling with the Probability Proportional to Size technique was applied to the population registered at RHTC & UHTC. Households were selected by systematic random sampling. Pregnant women aged between 18-49 years were selected from the household. A self-designed, pre-tested, validated structured questionnaire was used.

Results:
Out of the total number of participants, 66.0% had knowledge regarding early registration of pregnancy. 80.0 % had permission to attend a health facility, 70.5 % had an accompanying person, 62.5 % of participants had been residing more than 6 km away from the health facility. 58.0 % of participants could meet the expenses of health care services. Out of all newborns, 90.0 % had normal birth weights, 10% had low birth weights, 81.0% participants had NVDs, and 19% were caesarean sections.

Conclusion:
Enablers are knowledge regarding early registration, presence of accompanying person. Permission for health visits, expenses for health care services & distance to health facility were barriers.
IJCM_94A: Risk Factors for Short Birth Intervals in women: A Case-Control Study from a Tertiary Health Care facility in Central India
Authors: Shingnad Saurabh , Wadhva Sarita , Narlawar Uday 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The interval between successive pregnancies, commonly referred to as the birth interval, plays a crucial role in maternal and child health outcomes. Optimal birth spacing is associated with improved maternal nutritional status, reduced risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and enhanced child survival. Conversely, short birth intervals, defined as intervals less than 24 months between two consecutive live births, have been linked to an increased likelihood of adverse maternal and child health consequences. Through a comprehensive examination of the contextualized risk factors, we aim to provide evidence that can guide healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and public health professionals in their efforts to improve maternal and child health outcomes in Central India.

Objective:
To determine risk factors for short birth interval among women in the tertiary health care centre of Central India.

Methodology:
A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was employed on 45 cases and 45 controls. Cases were women who gave birth within the last 6 months and with at least two consecutive alive births with a birth interval of less than 33 months. Controls were women who gave birth within the last 6 months and had a birth interval between 33 to 59 months between two successive live births. The data was collected by predesigned and pretested semi structured questionnaire from selected respondents.

Results:
Some important risk factors identified in the present study were age less than 30 years, use of contraception and shorter duration of breastfeeding.

Conclusion:
Encouraging postpartum family planning and effective breastfeeding will go a long way to reduce the prevalence of short birth interval and its consequences on maternal, neonatal and child health
Association of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with the Use of Oral Propranolol in Infantile Haemangiomas: An Ambispective Comparative Study
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Venkatesan Velprashanth , Sharma Akhilesh , Ashraf Raihan , De Dipankar , Handa Sanjeev , Mahajan Rahul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have raised concerns about the effects of oral propranolol on the central nervous system in infants, the exact measure and mechanism and the long-term follow-up of which is less well studied. This was an ambispective comparative study of children with infantile haemangioma (IH) followed by a repeat visit 4–10 years after completion of propranolol therapy. Parents were asked about psychologic functioning along with an initial screening examination. All patients were evaluated by a paediatric psychiatrist. After evaluation by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, and subsequently by the paediatric psychiatrist, 2 of 12 patients (16.67%) showed features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in comparison to 0 of 40 subjects in the control group (0.0498; α = 0.05). These results indicate an increased risk of neuropsychiatric illnesses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients given propranolol for IH, as supporting evidence to previous claims.
Clinico-Laboratory Profile of Tuberculides: An Experience at a Tertiary Care Centre from Chandigarh, India
Authors: Poonia Kavita , Thami Gurvinder Pal , Dogar Kanika , Jain Surbhi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Tuberculides are characterised by delayed-type of immunologic reactions to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or its products in immuno-competent individuals. We herein describe clinico-epidemiological features and response to treatment in patients with tuberculides from a tertiary care centre from North India.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of the clinical records of all the cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) patients (year 2000–2019) enrolled in the TB clinic. The patient records fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of tuberculides were considered for analysis.

Results:
A total of 225 patients attended the tuberculosis clinic; out of this, 34 were diagnosed as tuberculides. Out of these 34 cases, 21 were identified as LS, 2 erythema induratum of Bazin, 1 papulonecrotic tuberculide, and 10 erythema nodosum. History of contact to open cases of TB was present in 15/34 (44.1%) patients. History of BCG vaccination was found in 15/34 (44.1%) patients. The focus of underlying TB could be identified in 20/34 (58.8%) patients. Skin biopsy was performed in all patients. In all patients, the diagnosis was confirmed by clinico-pathological correlation, positive TST, and the underlying focus of TB. All patients received 6 months regimen of anti-tubercular therapy with first-line drugs.

Conclusion:
In this study, we demonstrated various forms of tuberculides; lichen scrofulosorum was the most common form. We also included erythema nodosum cases also, which responded well to ATT. Observation from our study showed that tuberculides are important cutaneous markers for underlying tuberculosis infection, which helps in early detection of occult tuberculosis and timely management.
Clinico-Epidemiologic Profile of Non-Syndromic Congenital Ichthyosis – A Retrospective Chart Review of 107 Patients
Authors: Mahajan Rahul , Bakshi Shirin , Chatterjee Debajyoti , De Dipankar , Saikia Uma N. , Handa Sanjeev 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Congenital ichthyoses are a rare Mendelian group of disorders affecting the integument with a heterogeneous clinical presentation amongst which scaling is a constant feature. There is scanty epidemiologic data regarding the clinical profile and histologic patterns of inherited ichthyosis from resource-poor countries.

Aims and Objectives:
The study was aimed at assessing the clinic-epidemiologic characteristics associated with the different forms of non-syndromic congenital ichthyosis.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective chart review of ichthyosis patients that presented between July 2016 and Jun 2020. Details including demographic profile, clinical characteristics along with any relevant investigations done were included.

Results:
During the study period of 4 years, 107 patients with congenital non-syndromic ichthyosis were seen. The most frequent diagnosis was of common ichthyoses, followed by autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, epidermolytic ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma, in decreasing order.

Conclusion:
Important clinical findings like erythema and the type of scales as well as histological differences including an absent or reduced granular layer in ichthyosis vulgaris can help differentiate among the clinical phenotypes of inherited non-syndromic ichthyosis especially in resource-poor settings. Also, there is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and hence a need for screening for the same in all patients of congenital ichthyosis including the milder phenotypes.
An Observational Study to Correlate the Histopathological and Dermoscopic Features in Leprosy Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sahu Aliva , Biswas Saumitra , Das Sudip , Bhattacharyya Aditi 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection with varied clinical presentations. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique widely used in the diagnosis of various skin diseases.

Objective:
To see the correlation between the clinical and dermoscopic features with the histopathological findings in leprosy.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted on clinically suspected leprosy patients attending the dermatology outpatient department (OPD) for 18 months. Representative lesions were observed by dermoscopy, and a biopsy was performed, followed by histopathology for final diagnosis. Patients were categorized by Ridley-Jopling classification.

Results:
A total of 70 clinically suspected leprosy patients were included in the study. Amongst 70 cases, 56 cases were diagnosed as leprosy by dermoscopy, and 53 cases were confirmed as leprosy by histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin [H and E] staining and Fite-Faraco staining). The other six cases were diagnosed as other nonspecific dermatitis by histopathological findings. Eleven cases that were dermoscopically negative were also confirmed by histopathology to be truly negative. There are three inconclusive cases of dermoscopic findings, which were diagnosed as mid-borderline leprosy by histopathology. Dermoscopic and histopathological correlation was found above 87% in all types of leprosy except mid-borderline leprosy, which showed only a 25% correlation.

Conclusion:
Dermoscopy is a useful noninvasive tool to assess lesions of leprosy, requires less time for diagnosis, skin features are magnified several times and may become evident before clinical presentation. It definitely helps to reduce the number of biopsies in case of diagnosis of leprosy. However, in doubtful cases, histopathology is required for definitive diagnosis as it is the gold standard to date.