bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint AGU/SSA Statement on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
Authors: Lanzerotti Louis J. 
Published: October 2011

Recognizing that the debate in the U.S. Senate on whether to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) could benefit from a clear analysis of the technical limits to monitoring nuclear explosions, AGU joined with the Seismological Society of America (SSA) to carry out such an analysis. In the following policy statement, approved by both societies, seismologists speak with essentially one voice about this crucial aspect of the CTBT. This is the first time that AGU has prepared a policy statement jointly with another society, and this is the first policy statement SSA has adopted.The policy regarding AGU's procedures for developing position statements on public issues, the Union's role in advocacy of the statements, and all current AGU position statements are available online at http://www.agu. org/sci_soc/policy/sci_ pol.html.
Striking a “perfect” balance
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Sixty seconds. That's one that features Patrick Stewart, the actor most well‐known for his portrayal of Captain Jean‐Luc Picard on “Star Trek.” Another, a 30‐second spot, includes a voice‐over by film star Linda Hunt.These film “trailers,” called “Perfect Balance,” are public service announcements (PSAs) that call attention to the potential threat of global climate change. Movie theaters in at least 60 countries will air the spots beginning in October.
Moon probe benefits continue
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

NASA's dramatic finale to the Lunar Prospector spacecraft—crashing it into a shadowed crater near the Moon's south pole on July 31—has produced no observable detection of ice water, according to research group leaders from the University of Texas at Austin who announced their results on October 13.The researchers say this lack of ice water detection leaves in question whether permanently shadowed regions of the Moon harbor buried remains of ice that may have been delivered by ancient comet impacts. During its main mapping mission, the Lunar Prospector had indirectly measured large amounts of hydrogen suggesting the presence of water.
U.S. State Department urged to beef up science component
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The U.S. State Department often comes under pressure to respond to a variety of international emergencies one after another, from the U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania to Hurricane Mitch in Central America to the crisis in Kosovo.Many of the department's priorities include significant science, technology, and health (STH) components: nuclear nonproliferation, global climate change, protecting scientific databases, and international food and water supply safety, including arsenic in drinking water wells in Bangladesh, among other varied issues.
Coralling reef funding
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

With key federal funding for coral reef protection in jeopardy in the fiscal year 2000 U.S. federal budget, an official with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) told Congress on October 21 that the threats to reefs require urgent attention.Sally Yozell, NOAA deputy assistant secretary for oceans and atmosphere, told the House of Representatives′ Subcommittee on Fisheries, Conservation, Wildlife and Oceans that a congressional conference report on the appropriations bill that only includes $2 million of $12 million requested for NOAAs coral reef program would not be sufficient to adequately map, restore, and protect coral reefs.
Revised Viking landing site yields accurate maps for Mars
Authors: Oberst Jürgen , Zeitler Wolfgang , Parker Tim 
Published: October 2011

A new generation of geometrically accurate maps for Mars is in the works thanks to data from the Mars Pathfinder and a mapping project involving reanalyzing images obtained by the Viking Orbiters in the 1970s. During the mapping project it was discovered that the location of the Viking Lander 1 (VL1) on Mars, adopted after its landing in 1976 [Morris, 1980], was not correct. The location represented a basis for previous mapping efforts and is perhaps partially responsible for the poor precision of current maps of the planet.Availability of maps with good geometric accuracy is of immediate practical importance for pointing orbiting cameras toward specific targets depicted in the maps. Precise maps are also crucial for planning future missions to the surface, such as the Mars Polar Lander, as it is desirable to direct the spacecraft to a specific landing site seen in the maps. Prototypes of new maps of Mars have a geometric accuracy of 1–3 km.
Canadian climate
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The Canadian government announced on November 16 that the Climate Change Action Fund (CCAF) will provide $9.6 million for partial funding of 59 innovative science, technology and public education projects.Newly funded science project topics include sulphate aerosol forcing in global climate models, climate change and geomorphological hazards in the Canadian cordillera, and climate change impacts on northern river ecosystems and adaptation strategies via the hydroelectric industry.
Finding lichens in all the right places
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The scientific process of discovery can take surprising twists.Take William Bull, a professor emeritus of geosciences at the University of Arizona, with whom Eos recently spoke. One day in December 1989, as Bull gazed across the pastoral New Zealand scenery with sheep grazing in the foreground of the Southern Alps, his paranoia led to a new discovery about how to date past earthquakes and possibly help to forecast future ground shaking.
Reviving the Mars Polar Lander
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Although the real‐life Mars Polar Lander was lost shortly after entry into the Martian atmosphere, children above age 10, or adults,can build a detailed, l/24th scale, paper model of the Polar Lander, thanks to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.The scale model includes the spacecraft's heat shield, lander, microprobes, and other instrumentation.
U.S. toxic emissions top 7 billion pounds
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Publicly reported toxic emissions released by industries in the United States total 7.3 billion pounds annually, nearly three times more than an earlier figure released under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxic Release Inventory.Seven major industrial sectors publicly reporting their discharges for the first time in the 1998 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) issued in May account for most of the increase.
New World Council
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The creation of a new council to provide international bodies such as the United Nations and the World Bank with impartial advice on science, engineering, and medical issues of global concern was announced by a group of national science academies on May 15.The InterAcademy Council (IAC), headquartered at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in Amsterdam, will serve as a formal advisory body, funded on a project‐by‐project basis by international agencies.
Nuclear issues continue to fuel debate
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Issues related to nuclear energy and questions of how to deal with waste from nuclear weapons continue to generate hot debate.An August 7 report from the U.S. National Academy of Science's National Research Council charges that the U.S. Department of Energy's long‐term stewardship plans to oversee the government's nuclear waste sites is “problematic.” The report says the Department of Energy's (DOE) stewardship plans are not yet specified, adequate funding has not been assured, and there is no convincing evidence that institutional controls of the nation's nearly 150 nuclear waste contaminated sites—remnants of the nuclear arms race—will be reliable in the long term.
Limiting salt intake
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

An August 12 report released by Environment Canada concludes that road salts are toxic to the environment. The results of the 5‐year assessment indicate that the road salts that Canada typically uses each year pose a risk to lake and stream ecosystems, groundwater, and a variety of plants and animals.While the assessment report calls for road salts to be added to Canada s List of Toxic Substances maintained under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), Environment Canada states that it is not considering a ban on road salts, and that road safety issues will be considered when adopting any control measures.
New report indicates global freshwater systems in trouble
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Maybe a recount is needed, because the numbers do not add up to provide sufficient amounts of freshwater for all competing needs.Water covers about 70% of the Earth's surface, and is also abundant as groundwater and water vapor. However, less than 1% of water is available to people as freshwater for their use, and humanity already is utilizing more than half of the world's available surface water.
Reflections of an Eos editor
Authors: Bell Jim 
Published: October 2011

I served as the Eos Planetary Sciences Section editor from 1997 to 1999, and I want to share a few thoughts and reflections on this experience and to deliver some unsolicited advice regarding the future of Eos and our section.It has been an incredibly interesting and active period for planetary sciences. I'm happy to say that much of the excitement has been shared with the section and the rest of AGU in the pages of Eos. You've written a wonderful group of feature articles, news stories, meeting reports, and opinion pieces in the past 3 years, providing visibility to the work we do in planetary sciences and educating the more than 35,000 other members of the Union about the scientific and societal impact of what we do. It really has been rewarding working with many of you to help get your thoughts and results into print every week
Multinational geoscientific research effort kicks off in the Middle East
Authors: Abu‐Ayyash K. , Abueladas A. , Daoud M. , Qabbani I. , Al‐Amoush H. , Bock G. , Bribach J. , Jäckel K.‐H. , Kesten D. , Kind R. , Maercklin N. , Mechie J. , Mohsen A. , Ritter O. , Rümpker G. , Ryberg T. , Schulze A. , Sobolev S. , Stiller M. , Thoss H. , Weber M. , Weckmann U. , Wylegalla K. , Agnon A. , Garfunkel Z. , Bartov Y. , Baumann M. , Scherbaum F. , Ben‐Avraham Z. , El‐Kelani R. , Frieslander U. , Hofstetter A. , Hördt A. , Neubauer M. , Milkereit B. , Stoll J. 
Published: October 2011

The Dead Sea Rift Transect (DESERT 2000) is a multinational and interdisciplinary study of the Dead Sea Rift.The project began fieldwork in February 2000 and the first experiments were successfully completed in May. The seismic, seismological, and magnetotelluric experiments presented here, along with the future electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, geodynamic, and geological studies, will provide the basic geophysical and geodynamic frame for further geoscientific research. DESERT 2000 should also help address a fundamental question of plate tectonics: How do shear zones work and what controls them?
Arcane Allogromid Foraminifera targeted in International Workshop
Authors: Bernhard Joan M. , Bowser Samuel S. 
Published: October 2011

If you have ever studied the deep‐ocean sea floor or examined near‐shore sediments, you probably saw a plethora of allogromids, probably without even knowing it. In fact, even if you have never been to the ocean but have waded in a lake or stream or walked through damp leaves in a forest, you were among allogromids.What exactly is an allogromid and why should you care if they are in lakes, oceans, and forests?
New tool to manage coral reefs
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is making available a new tool for coral reef managers to monitor the cumulative thermal stress of several coral reefs around the world, including the Great Barrier Reef, and reefs by the Galapagos Islands, the agency announced on 25 February.The agency's “Degree Heating Weeks” product uses satellite‐derived information to allow continuous monitoring of the extent and acuteness of thermal stress, which are key predictors of coral bleaching, and which contribute to coral reef degradation.
Large solar system planetoid discovered
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

A newly discovered planetoid, currently dubbed 2004 UN, could be confirmed as the largest such known body in the Kuiper Belt, scientists announced on 19 February.The planetoid, located about 4.4 billion miles from Earth, is estimated at about 1,400 kilometers in diameter, according to Michael Brown, associate professor of planetary astronomy at the California Institute of Technology.
Continued use of methyl bromide allowed
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Twelve countries have received “critical use exemptions” to continue using limited amounts of the pesticide methyl bromide in 2005. The decision was reached during the 24–26 March inter‐governmental meeting on the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.Countries receiving exemptions include the United States, Canada, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom. The United States requested an exemption for 9,446 metric tons, and agreed to 8,942 metric tons, or 35% of the 1991 baseline amount used by the U.S.
NSF to allow Smithsonian funding
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The U.S. National Science Board approved a resolution to allow all full‐time and postdoctoral scientists from the Smithsonian Institution to apply for National Science Foundation grants through the agency's normal merit review process.The resolution modifies NSF's policy on funding other federal agencies, and it acknowledges “the unique status of [the] Smithsonian Institution and its special contributions to science research and education.”
Bill provides clear mandate for NOAA
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The Science Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives on 17 May approved the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Act (House Resolution 50), a bill to clarify and codify the agency's functions and responsibilities. The legislation now awaits action by the full House.NOAA was created by Executive Order in 1970, and since then has operated without a clear mandate from Congress on what its role and responsibilities should be. Passage of a NOAA organic act was a key recommendation of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy.
Renewing investment in ocean research
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

AGU supports the integrated research, research infrastructure, and education findings of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. AGU urges immediate development of a comprehensive ocean policy with a holistic approach to ocean environmental health and resource sustainability.In 2004, the United States Government issued the Commission's An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century, the government's first comprehensive evaluation of U.S. policies concerning Earth's oceans in 35 years. Since publication of the report, the President has issued an executive order establishing a Committee on Ocean Policy as part of the Council on Environmental Quality, and he has released the U.S. Ocean Action Plan. However, these are only the first of many urgently needed measures.
Research Spotlight: Gullies on Mars indicate presence of liquid water
Authors: Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

Present‐day conditions on Mars were thought to prevent water from existing as a liquid on the planet's surface, but recent studies have pointed to the existence of liquid water. Now observations of gully activity on Mars provide further indications of the presense of transient liquid water.Reiss et al. studied images of the Russell crater dune field on Mars taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) from November 2006 to May 2009. They observed that the length of a 2‐meter‐wide gully channel had increased by about 50 meters in 1 year and about 120 meters in 2 years. On the basis of the morphology of the channel and other factors, the researchers believe that these changes in the length of the gully are best explained by erosional processes triggered by the melting of small amounts of water ice. This adds to the growing body of evidence that transient liquid water can exist on Mars.
Research Spotlight: Rivers rebound as woodlands replace degraded grasslands
Authors: Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

The results of a new study suggest that contrary to previous belief, streamflow can increase when grasslands convert to woodlands.Wilcox and Huang studied trends in the base flow (water supplied by groundwater and springs) and stormflow (water from flood events) components of streamflow of four major rivers in the Edwards Plateau region of Texas over the past 85 years. Before 1890 the Edwards Plateau region was mainly grassland. From the late 1800s to about 1960, severe overgrazing degraded the land, resulting in loss of vegetation. Since about 1960, the land has been recovering and woody plants have been taking over what had been grasslands.
Research Spotlight: Direct access to subglacial Lake Ellsworth
Authors: Ofori Leslie , Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

Since the discovery in 1996 that Lake Vostok, a subglacial lake in Antarctica, possessed a water column of more than 500 meters, scientists have come to believe that subglacial lakes are feasible habitats for life and may contain historical records of ice sheets and past climate within the sediments on their floors. So far, however, no subglacial lakes have been directly sampled.To determine a good location for direct measurements, Woodward et al. studied subglacial Lake Ellsworth in West Antarctica. The area is ideal for access because freezing and water circulation rates are low and are not affected by inflow of sediment with base water.
Research Spotlight: Studying heat transport in geological environments
Authors: Ofori Leslie , Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

Environmental and industrial applications such as oil drilling, geothermal engineering, and radioactive waste storage rely on knowledge of heat transport through geological environments. It is often assumed that heat transfer is governed by a simple equation known as the Fourier transport equation, but there is evidence that heat flow in some media is in fact non‐Fourier.To explore the issue, Geiger and Emmanuel conducted simulations of heat flow in geologically realistic fractured porous domains. They found that heat transport in a well‐connected fracture network is governed by the Fourier transport equation.
Research Spotlight: Understanding slab‐plume interaction beneath the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Ofori Leslie , Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

During the past 65 million years, the northwestern portion of the United States has experienced significant tectonic and volcanic activity, including volcanism in the Yellowstone region. The origins of volcanism in the area have been debated.To learn more about the region's tectonic activity and the underlying geologic structure, Obrebski et al. analyzed high‐resolution tomographic images of the Earth's interior created using data from the EarthScope USArray. They verified that there is a mantle plume (a column of hot rock rising upward within the mantle) beneath the Yellowstone Snake River Plain in Idaho.
Research Spotlight: Studying the Sun's effects on Earth's atmosphere
Authors: Ofori Leslie , Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

The Sun contributes to climate and weather on Earth through its influence on the atmosphere, and even small variations in solar radiation can affect Earth. Sun‐Earth couplings and interactions can be complex, and natural variability can make it difficult to detect long‐term trends.A variety of studies were undertaken as part of the Climate and Weather of the Sun‐Earth System (CAWSES) project to better understand aspects of the Sun‐Earth system. CAWSES research covered solar input to the atmosphere through radiation and particles and the influence of the Sun on mesospheric ice clouds, ozone concentrations, transport of photochemically active gases, and wave processes including atmospheric tides and sudden stratospheric warming, as well as the variability of these interactions on different time scales.
Research Spotlight: Summer heat waves to be a routine occurrence
Authors: Kumar Mohi , Ofori Leslie , Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

This year has been the hottest on record globally, with many areas around the world experiencing extremely hot conditions this summer. According to Diffenbaugh et al., extreme heat waves can be expected to be a more common occurrence over the next 30 years as greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise.The scientists used a new high‐resolution climate model simulation for the United States and compared their results with multiple global climate models. The models showed that there are likely to be increasingly frequent hot extremes during the next 3 decades, including more record‐breaking heat waves and hot seasons in many parts of the United States, especially in the west. These hot conditions would pose a threat not only to the environment but also to human health.
Research Spotlight: Coriolis forces affect flow in submarine channels
Authors: Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

Coriolis forces due to the Earth's rotation deflect winds and ocean flows to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. In sinuous submarine channels, Coriolis forces can drive secondary circulation of turbidity currents and determine where erosion and sediment deposition occur.Cossu and Wells conducted laboratory experiments with a channel in a rotating tank to study the conditions under which Coriolis forces dominate the channel flow and investigate how these forces affect sediment deposition. They found that channels at high latitudes and those with large bends are dominated by Coriolis forces, while channels at lower latitudes and those with smaller bends are less influenced by Coriolis forces.
Research Spotlight: High‐resolution measurements of lunar topography
Authors: Kumar Mohi , Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

Selection of landing sites for potential human or robotic lunar missions requires precise knowledge of lunar topography. Contributing to that knowledge, Smith et al. present initial observations from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) on board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.The LOLA measurements provide a high‐resolution global model of lunar topography based on more observations and observations with greater accuracy than previous lunar topography maps. LOLA also collected high‐resolution data on the slope, roughness, and reflectance of the lunar surface.
Research Spotlight: Satellite data show inland water bodies warming
Authors: Kumar Mohi , Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

Many studies of global climate have used air temperature measurements to characterize recent warming trends. A new study shows that inland water bodies such as lakes have also been warming steadily in recent decades.Schneider and Hook analyzed satellite nighttime thermal infrared imagery of 167 large inland water bodies around the world during the period 1985–2009. They found that mean nighttime surface water temperature for these inland water bodies has been rising at an average rate of about 0.045°C per year, with rates as high as 0.1°C per year in some places.