bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ordered progression of stage-specific miRNA profiles in the mouse B2 B-cell lineage
Authors: Spierings Diana C. , McGoldrick Daniel , Hamilton-Easton Ann Marie , Neale Geoffrey , Murchison Elizabeth P. , Hannon Greg J. , Green Douglas R. , Withoff Sebo 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as critical regulators of gene expression, and deregulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases. To provide a framework for the role of miRNAs in B-cell development and malignancy, we deep-sequenced miRNAs from B1 cells and 10 developmental stages that can be identified within the mouse B2 B-cell lineage. The expression profiles of the 232 known miRNAs that are expressed during B-cell development display stage-specific induction patterns, yet hierarchical clustering analysis showed relationships that are in full agreement with the model of the B2 B-cell developmental pathway. Analysis of exemplary miRNA expression profiles (miR-150, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181) confirmed that our data are in agreement with previous results. The high resolution of the expression data allowed for the identification of the sequential expression of oncomir-1/miR-17-92 and its paralogs miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25 in subsequent developmental stages in the BM. Further, we have identified and validated 45 novel miRNAs and 6 novel miRNA candidates expressed in developing B cells.
Comparative genomics reveals diversity among xanthomonads infecting tomato and pepper
Authors: Potnis Neha , Krasileva Ksenia , Chow Virginia , Almeida Nalvo F , Patil Prabhu B , Ryan Robert P , Sharlach Molly , Behlau Franklin , Dow J Max , Momol MT , White Frank F , Preston James F , Vinatzer Boris A , Koebnik Ralf , Setubal João C , Norman David J , Staskawicz Brian J , Jones Jeffrey B 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Background
Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper is caused by four Xanthomonas species and is a major plant disease in warm humid climates. The four species are distinct from each other based on physiological and molecular characteristics. The genome sequence of strain 85-10, a member of one of the species, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xcv) has been previously reported. To determine the relationship of the four species at the genome level and to investigate the molecular basis of their virulence and differing host ranges, draft genomic sequences of members of the other three species were determined and compared to strain 85-10.

Results
We sequenced the genomes of X. vesicatoria (Xv) strain 1111 (ATCC 35937), X. perforans (Xp) strain 91-118 and X. gardneri (Xg) strain 101 (ATCC 19865). The genomes were compared with each other and with the previously sequenced Xcv strain 85-10. In addition, the molecular features were predicted that may be required for pathogenicity including the type III secretion apparatus, type III effectors, other secretion systems, quorum sensing systems, adhesins, extracellular polysaccharide, and lipopolysaccharide determinants. Several novel type III effectors from Xg strain 101 and Xv strain 1111 genomes were computationally identified and their translocation was validated using a reporter gene assay. A homolog to Ax21, the elicitor of XA21-mediated resistance in rice, and a functional Ax21 sulfation system were identified in Xcv. Genes encoding proteins with functions mediated by type II and type IV secretion systems have also been compared, including enzymes involved in cell wall deconstruction, as contributors to pathogenicity.

Conclusions
Comparative genomic analyses revealed considerable diversity among bacterial spot pathogens, providing new insights into differences and similarities that may explain the diverse nature of these strains. Genes specific to pepper pathogens, such as the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide cluster, and genes unique to individual strains, such as novel type III effectors and bacteriocin genes, have been identified providing new clues for our understanding of pathogen virulence, aggressiveness, and host preference. These analyses will aid in efforts towards breeding for broad and durable resistance in economically important tomato and pepper cultivars.
Validation of a specific measure to assess health-related quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: the 'Tolerability and quality of life' (TOOL) questionnaire
Authors: Montejo Angel L , Lauffer Javier Correas , Cuervo Jesús , Rebollo Pablo , Cordero Luis , Diez Teresa , Maurino Jorge 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
Perception of quality of life may differ depending on the perspective. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 'TOlerability and quality Of Life' (TOOL) questionnaire, a specific self-rated instrument to evaluate the impact of side effects of antipsychotic drugs on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The questionnaire consists of eight items answered on a four-point Likert scale.

Methods
A psychometric study was conducted with clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder under antipsychotic treatment. The translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire was performed according to international standards. Internal consistency using the Cronbach α coefficient and test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the reliability of the instrument. Patients completed generic and specific measures of quality of life and clinical severity.

Results
A total of 238 patients were analysed, with a mean age of 42 years (SD 10.9). The mean completion time was 4.9 min (SD 4.4). Internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient were adequate (Cronbach α = 0.757 and ICC = 0.90). Factorial analysis showed a unidimensional structure (a single eigenvalue >1, accounting for 39.1% of variance). Significant Spearman's rank correlations between the TOOL and both generic and specific measures were found. The questionnaire was able to discriminate among the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scores (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The TOOL questionnaire shows appropriate feasibility, reliability, and discriminative performance as a patient-reported outcome. TOOL constitutes a valuable addition to measure the impact of adverse events of antipsychotic drugs from the patient perspective.
The involvement of β-actin in the signaling of transmembrane TNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Chen Hui , Xiao Li , Zhang Hailong , Liu Na , Liu Tao , Liu Lili , Hu Xin , Yan Dan , Yang Kun , Yin Bingjiao , Wang Jing , Li Qingfen , Li Zhuoya 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTActin cytoskeleton has been shown to play a regulating role in several signaling pathways, and disruption of actin filament has been reported to increase sTNF-α-induced cell death. However, whether actin is involved in tmTNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that pretreatment of HL-60 with CytD or LatA to depolymerize actin significantly suppressed tmTNF-α-mediated apoptosis. Interestingly, tmTNF-α increased the actin immunoprecipitated by anti-TNFR2 but not anti-TNFR1 antibody, and disruption of the actin filament totally blocked this effect. In addition, TNFR1 knockdown by siRNA did not affect tmTNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity and the inhibitory effect of CytD, suggesting that the involvement of actin in the tmTNF-α-induced apoptosis is linked to the TNFR2 pathway. Our results revealed further that tmTNF-α signaled the inhibition of IκB degradation and NF-κB activity by recruiting RIP1 to and uncoupling TRAF2 from the TNFR2 complex. Nevertheless, CytD totally reversed the tmTNF-α signaling and activated NF-κB by recruiting TRAF2 to and dissociating RIP1 from the TNFR2 complex. Furthermore, tmTNF-α led to activation of caspase-8 by dissociation of cFLIP from TNFR2 and inhibition of the cFLIP expression. Activated caspase-8 cleft RIP1 to suppress NF-κB activity and also mediated tmTNF-α-induced apoptosis. However, CytD blocked the tmTNF-α-induced uncoupling of cFLIP from TNFR2 and prevented caspase-8 activation and the resulting cleavage of RIP1, converting the signaling for tmTNF-α-mediated apoptosis into one for activating NF-κB to survive. These results suggest that the actin cytoskeleton functions in transmitting signals via TNFR2 to mediate tmTNF-α-induced apoptosis.
Comparison of Immunofixation, Serum Free Light Chain, and Immunophenotyping for Response Evaluation and Prognostication in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Paiva Bruno , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Vidriales Maria-Belen , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Montalban Maria-Angeles , Fernandez-Redondo Elena , Alonso Lourdes , Oriol Albert , Teruel Ana-Isabel , de Paz Raquel , Laraña José-Garcia , Bengoechea Enrique , Martin Alejandro , Mediavilla Joaquin Diaz , Palomera Luis , de Arriba Felipe , Bladé Joan , Orfao Alberto , Lahuerta Juan-Jose , San Miguel Jesus F. 
Published: March 2011

To investigate the impact of immunophenotypic response (IR) versus complete response (CR) and CR plus normal serum free light chain (sFLC) ratio (stringent CR) in elderly patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with novel agents.Patients and MethodsFrom a total of 260 elderly patients newly diagnosed with MM included in the GEM05>65y trial, 102 patients achieving at least a partial response with ≥ 70% reduction in M-component after the six planned induction cycles were simultaneously analyzed by immunofixation, sFLC, and multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) immunophenotyping; this population is the focus of this study.ResultsForty-three percent of patients achieved CR, 30% achieved stringent CR, and 30% achieved IR. Patients in stringent CR showed no significant survival advantage compared with those in CR, whereas patients in IR showed significantly increased progression-free survival (PFS) and time to progression (TTP) compared with those in stringent CR or CR; this was confirmed by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 4.1; P = .01 for PFS). Discrepancies between the three techniques were relatively common. Notably, in all seven patients achieving IR but remaining immunofixation positive, the M-component disappeared in follow-up analysis. In contrast, MFC-positive patients who were immunofixation negative (n = 20) showed a tendency toward early reappearance of the M-component (median, 3 months). Similarly, in five of 11 stringent CR but MFC-positive patients, symptomatic disease progression was recorded at a median of 13 months after induction.ConclusionAchieving an IR translates into superior PFS and TTP compared with conventional CR or stringent CR. These techniques provide complementary information and thus, an effort should be made to refine response criteria in MM.
Task Parallel Programming on the Cell Processor
Authors: Prell Andreas 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Parallel programming with tasks — task parallel programming — is a promising approach to simplifying multithreaded programming in the chip multiprocessor (CMP) era. Tasks are used to describe independent units of work that can be assigned to threads at runtime in a way that is transparent to the programmer. Thus, the programmer can concentrate on identifying tasks and leave it to the runtime system to take advantage of the potential parallelism. Supporting the task abstraction on heterogeneous CMPs is more challenging than on conventional CMPs. In this article, we take a look at a lightweight task model and its implementation on the Cell processor, the most prominent heterogeneous CMP available today. Choosing a simple task model over a more complex one makes it possible to target fine-grained parallelism and still improve much in terms of programmability.
Afterthoughts on biases in history perception
Authors: Dymkowski Maciej 
Published: March 2011

Afterthoughts on biases in history perceptionContemporary social psychology describes various deformations of processing social information leading to distortions of knowledge about other people. What is more, a person in everyday life refers to lay convictions and ideas common in his/her cultural environment that distort his/her perceptions. Therefore it is difficult to be surprised that authors of narrations in which participants of history are presented use easily available common-sense psychology, deforming images of both the participants of history and their activities, as well as the sequence of events determined by these activities. Which cognitive biases, how often, and in what intensity they will be presented in historical narrations depend on statements of dominating common-sense psychology. The article outlines some biases made by historian-lay psychologists, such as attributional asymmetry or hindsight effects, whose occurrence in their thinking, as formed in the cultural sphere of the West, influences history perception and conducted historical interpretations.
L'islamisme combattant au Pakistan : un état des lieux
Authors: Abou Zahab Mariam 
Published: March 2011

Cet entretien entre Mariam Abou Zahab et Hérodote éclaire à la fois les connexions entre les partis islamistes parlementaires et les milices armées combattant au nom de l’islam, et la diversité de ces groupes : diversité d’ancrage territorial, diversité des objectifs majeurs, qu’ils soient géographiques (le Cachemire pour certains, l’Afghanistan et les terres pachtounes du Pakistan pour d’autres) ou idéologiques (groupes sunnites antichiites par exemple). Dans tous les cas, l’objectif est d’instaurer un État islamique tel que conçu par les idéologies radicales, voyant dans les origines de l’islam la seule référence orthodoxe. L’entretien éclaire aussi l’instrumentalisation de l’islamisme radical par l’armée, et aussi par les principales forces politiques portées par des calculs électoraux. In fine , la montée en puissance de ces groupes – talibans des frontières ou groupes sectaires du Pendjab – opérant leur jonction pose le problème de la cohésion nationale et de la rupture du pacte social, que les graves inondations de 2010 n’ont fait qu’exacerber.
Baloutchistan : fin de partie ?
Authors: Grare Frédéric 
Published: March 2011

Depuis décembre 2005, le Baloutchistan, province la plus étendue mais la moins peuplée du Pakistan, est ravagé par un conflit ethnonationaliste, le cinquième depuis l’indépendance du pays. Cette situation trouve sa source immédiate dans le refus du régime de Pervez Musharraf de satisfaire les demandes baloutches en matière de développement économique et d’autonomie politique. Ses racines profondes sont cependant à rechercher dans la persistance d’un nationalisme baloutche qui connut son plein développement après la partition du sous-continent indien en 1947. Il témoigne également du caractère incomplet du processus d’intégration nationale au Pakistan. Régimes civils et militaires ont tous été incapables d’unir les populations du pays dans un vouloir politique commun. L’avenir de la province rebelle reste incertain mais le conflit en cours a peu de chances de lui apporter l’indépendance espérée. Le nationalisme baloutche a toutefois peu de chances de disparaître, en dépit de l’affaiblissement des organisations politiques qui le font vivre. À moyen terme, le risque repose dans l’érosion parallèle des structures de l’État fédéral et des structures tribales traditionnelles. Le vide politique qui pourrait en résulter pourrait être rempli par les éléments les plus radicaux de la société pakistanaise, affaiblissant un peu plus, un État déjà fragile.
Karachi, « mère des immigrés » : business, violence et politique identitaire
Authors: Boivin Michel 
Published: March 2011

Karachi est aujourd’hui une mégapole de près de 18 millions d’habitants. Elle a connu une véritable explosion démographique après la partition de 1947, lorsque des millions de musulmans du nord de l’Inde sont venus s’établir dans la cité qui était alors la capitale du jeune État. En tant que mégapole, Karachi demeure la capitale économique et ﬁnancière du Pakistan, mais également la capitale de la criminalité. Plus que jamais, politique et criminalité sont étroitement imbriquées et il est prouvé que des partis politiques ayant pignon sur rue recourent au service de gangs pour alimenter leurs caisses. Au cours de la dernière décennie, c’est pourtant le rôle des talibans qui a retenu l’attention des observateurs. Les talibans afghans sont certes actifs à Karachi, mais ils y sont surtout pour collecter de l’argent à travers des activités criminelles : ils ne cherchent pas à « talibaniser » la ville. Restent les millions d’habitants de Karachi qui gèrent le quotidien dans une ville qui demeure très dangereuse. Pour certains, certes minoritaires, la sortie d’un quotidien misérable passe par l’adhésion à une idéologie, politique ou religieuse, dans laquelle la violence reste l’expression la plus signiﬁante. On notera que ce cheminement se produit dans des contextes où les individus sont en rupture avec de fortes valeurs patriarcales. La gestion du quotidien en milieu féminin repose en revanche sur de multiples microstratégies de voisinage qui réussissent à maintenir des relations paciﬁques entre ethnies et sectes pourtant diverses.
Les relations indo-pakistanaises : retour sur une normalité conflictuelle
Authors: Boquérat Gilles 
Published: March 2011

La relation indo-pakistanaise est, depuis l’origine, caractérisée par un manque de conﬁance reposant sur une évaluation antagoniste des intentions de l’autre. La liste des contentieux majeurs entre les deux pays s’est allongée : la question du Cachemire rivalise aujourd’hui avec le positionnement face à l’extrémisme islamique, le partage des ressources hydriques ou la lutte d’influence en Afghanistan. L’accent est ici mis sur les facteurs déterminant l’appréhension pakistanaise de l’Inde, qu’ils soient sécuritaires ou confessionnels, et les postures qui en résultent. L’évolution du rapport de forces entre ces deux pays n’a pas manqué d’être également modulée par les grands problèmes affectant la communauté internationale.
Géopolitique des relations sino-pakistanaises à l'ère du terrorisme
Authors: Duchâtel Mathieu 
Published: March 2011

Les relations sino-pakistanaises peuvent-elles être un facteur de stabilité en Asie du Sud ? Marquées par le sceau de la prolifération nucléaire et balistique, scellées dans une rivalité géopolitique avec l’Inde au cœur de la guerre froide, elles ont plutôt servi des intérêts de puissance que la cause de la stabilité régionale depuis les années 1960, avant de traverser une période de remise en cause dans les années 1990. Mais la montée du terrorisme en Asie du Sud, l’essor des échanges sino-indiens et les incertitudes sur l’avenir de l’Afghanistan les inscrivent dans une géopolitique en mutation, où les dynamiques économiques, sécuritaires et stratégiques invitent les deux pays à repenser les ﬁnalités stratégiques de leur partenariat. Cet article montre que les initiatives chinoises récentes vis-à-vis du Pakistan, qui procèdent exclusivement au niveau bilatéral et visent à éviter que le Pakistan ne s’affaiblisse dans des proportions encore plus alarmantes, apportent une contribution limitée et ambiguë à la sécurité régionale.
Pál Teleki ou les espoirs de renaissance de la nation hongroise dans l'entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Kubassek János 
Published: March 2011

Pál Teleki incarne tragiquement les espoirs de renaissance de la nation hongroise dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Classée parmi les vaincus en 1918 et jugée au titre de responsable du conflit, la Hongrie tente de recouvrer territoires et populations que les traités ont placés sous la tutelle d’États à plus d’un titre hostiles. L’illustre figure de la géographie hongroise se fait le héraut des positions révisionnistes de son pays sur la scène internationale. Forts de leurs analyses remarquables, cartes à l’appui et suivant des moyens très modernes, ses collègues géographes plaident une cause que Teleki dirige au sommet en tant que Premier ministre, au lendemain de la paix de Versailles, puis à partir de 1939. Sujet à la très forte pression allemande, il finit par durement payer ses illusions et, conscient de son impuissance, se suicide en 1941 tandis que la Wehrmacht envahit la Yougoslavie avec la complicité hongroise.
Le Discours sur la montagne (Mt 5, 1-7.21)
Authors: Médevielle Geneviève 
Published: March 2011

Résumé L’anniversaire de la retm , fondée par Albert Plé il y a 60 ans, invite aujourd’hui à renouer avec les questions de fond de l’éthique : c’est le cas du Sermon sur la montagne comme texte caractéristique de la Loi nouvelle. Quelles sont les mises en pratiques possibles pour ce texte majeur ? Stanley Hauerwas peut nous guider dans cette lecture, après que nous aurons établi les critères d’une manière spécifiquement théologique de traiter l’articulation entre Bible et morale. Quelque peu oublié par les catholiques et les protestants après la Réforme, le Sermon sur la montagne fait l’objet aujourd’hui de lectures plurielles (F. Böckle, J. Jeremias, L. Cahill, J. Ansaldi, É. Fuchs, etc.). Pour sa part, la lecture hauerwassienne ne se borne pas à mettre en évidence la christologie de Matthieu 5, mais elle tire aussi partie des propos de Jésus pour l’éthique concrète.
Evidence That the Lipid Phosphatase SHIP-1 Regulates T Lymphocyte Morphology and Motility
Authors: Harris Stephanie J. , Parry Richard V. , Foster John G. , Blunt Matthew D. , Wang Amu , Marelli-Berg Federica , Westwick John , Ward Stephen G. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
SHIP-1 negatively regulates the PI3K pathway in hematopoietic cells and has an emerging role in T lymphocyte biology. PI3K and SHIP can regulate cell migration in leukocytes, particularly in neutrophils, although their role in T cell migration has been less clear. Therefore, we sought to explore the role of SHIP-1 in human CD4+ T lymphocyte cell migration responses to chemoattractants using a lentiviral-mediated expression system and a short hairpin RNA approach. Silencing of SHIP-1 leads to increased basal phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt and its substrate GSK3β, as well as an increase in basal levels of polymerized actin, suggesting that SHIP-1 might regulate changes in the cytoskeleton. Accordingly, silencing of SHIP-1 led to loss of microvilli and ezrin/radixin/moesin phosphorylation, which could not be rescued by the PI3K inhibitor Ly294002. There were striking morphological changes, including a loss of microvilli projections, which mirrored changes in wild type cells after stimulation with the chemokine CXCL11. There was no defect in directional T cell migration toward CXCL11 in the SHIP-1–silenced cells but, importantly, there was a defect in the overall basal motility of SHIP-1 knockdown cells. Taken together, these results implicate SHIP-1 as a key regulator of basal PI3K signaling in human CD4+ T lymphocytes with important phosphatase-independent actions, which together are key for maintaining normal morphology and basal motility.