bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD8+ T Cells Specific for ImmunodominantTrans-Sialidase Epitopes Contribute to Control ofTrypanosoma cruziInfection but Are Not Required for Resistance
Authors: Rosenberg Charles S. , Martin Diana L. , Tarleton Rick L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCD8+ T cells are essential for controlling Trypanosoma cruzi infection. During Brazil strain infection, C57BL/6 mice expand parasite-specific CD8+ T cells recognizing the dominant TSKB20 (ANYKFTLV) and subdominant TSKB74 (VNYDFTLV) trans-sialidase gene (TS)-encoded epitopes with up to 40% of all CD8+ T cells specific for these epitopes. Although this is one of the largest immunodominant T cell responses described for any infection, most mice fail to clear T. cruzi and subsequently develop chronic disease. To determine if immunodominant TS-specific CD8+ T cells are necessary for resistance to infection, we epitope-tolerized mice by high-dose i.v. injections of TSKB20 or TSKB74 peptides. Tolerance induction led to deletion of TS-specific CD8+ T cells but did not prevent the expansion of other effector CD8+ T cell populations. Mice tolerized against either TSKB20 or TSKB74, or both epitopes simultaneously, exhibited transient increases in parasite loads, although ultimately they controlled the acute infection. Furthermore, BALB/c mice tolerized against the TSKD14 peptide effectively controlled acute T. cruzi infection. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that development of high-frequency CD8+ T cell populations focused on TS-derived epitopes contributes to optimal control of acute infection but is not required for the development of immune resistance.
The Stratification of Foods on the Basis of Overall Nutritional Quality: The Overall Nutritional Quality Index
Authors: Katz David L. , Njike Valentine Y. , Faridi Zubaida , Rhee Lauren Q. , Reeves Rebecca S. , Jenkins David J. A. , Ayoob Keith T. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Consumer understanding of nutrition information is key to making dietary choices consistent with guidelines. The development of an objective, science-based, and universally applicable system of nutrition guidance would be of considerable potential value to the public health. Design. A multidisciplinary expert panel was convened to develop the Overall Nutritional Quality Index (ONQI). Dietary guidelines, existing nutritional scoring systems, and other pertinent scientific literature were reviewed. An algorithm based on the overall nutritional quality of food was developed and subjected to consumer research and validation testing. Results. The ONQI algorithm incorporates over 30 entries representing both micronutrient and macronutrient properties of foods, as well as weighting coefficients representing epidemiologic associations between nutrients and health outcomes. The basic entry in the algorithm is a weighted trajectory score, which compares nutrient concentration in a food to the recommended concentration of a given nutrient in a healthful diet. In content validity testing, ONQI rankings and expert panel rankings correlated highly (R = .92; p < .001). In regression analysis, aggregated ONQI scores for total diet corresponded well with the Healthy Eating Index (p < .001) in the National Health and Nutrient Examination Survey 2003–2006 cohort (n = 15,900). Consumer research indicated strong appeal to consumers of the ONQI system in general, and the scores on a 1 to 100 scale specifically. A system for acquiring nutrient data, meeting U.S. Food and Drug Administration and U.S. Department of Agriculture standards, has been established so that virtually any food, beverage, meal, or recipe can be scored. Conclusions. The ONQI is a sophisticated nutrition guidance system developed by a multidisciplinary group independently of all food industry interests with excellent initial performance in both consumer research and validation testing. Combined with a consumer education program, the ONQI has considerable potential to improve dietary patterns, and consequently the public health. Prospective study of effects on dietary patterns and health outcomes is warranted.
Mechanical Characterization of Particulate Aluminum Foams—Strain‐Rate, Density and Matrix Alloy versus Adhesive Effects
Authors: Lehmhus Dirk , Baumeister Joachim , Stutz Lennart , Schneider Eduard , Stöbener Karsten , Avalle Massimiliano , Peroni Lorenzo , Peroni Marco 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe study evaluates mechanical properties of APM particulate aluminum foams built up from adhesively bonded Al foam spheres. Foams of matrix alloy AlSi10 are compared, with PM AlSi7 foams used as reference. The influence of density is studied both for quasi‐static and dynamic compressive loading in a range from ∼0.35 to 0.71 g cm−3. The effect of varying the bonding agent is evaluated for a single density and both strain rate levels by replacing the standard, high‐strength epoxy‐based adhesive with a polyamide of greatly increased ductility. The result is a clear shift of fracture events to higher strain levels, as well as the introduction of a strain‐rate dependency of strength.
Lateral Inhomogeneity in the Electronic Structure of a Conjugated Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Thin Film
Authors: Kanai Kaname , Miyazaki Takahiro , Wakita Takanori , Akaike Kouki , Yokoya Takayoshi , Ouchi Yukio , Seki Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHow annealing influences the morphology of a highly regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (RR‐P3HT) film at the substrate interface as well as the lateral inhomogeneity in the electronic structure of the film are elucidated. Whereas previous studies have reported that high‐molecular‐weight (MW) RR‐P3HT films tend to show low crystallinity even after annealing, it is found that high‐MW RR‐P3HT does show high crystallinity after annealing at high temperature for a long time. Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy results clearly resolve a considerable lateral inhomogeneity in the morphology of RR‐P3HT film, which results in a variation of the electronic structure depending on the local crystallinity. The PEEM results show how annealing facilitates crystal growth in a high‐MW RR‐P3HT film.
Self‐Assembled Heteroepitaxial Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Film Structures: Designing Interface‐Induced Functionality in Electronic Materials
Authors: MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAchieving self‐assembling/self‐organizing systems is the holy grail of nanotechnology. Spontaneous organization is not unique to the physical sciences since nature has been producing such systems for millions of years. In biological systems global patterns emerge from numerous interactions among lower‐level components of the system. The same is true for physical systems. In this review, the self‐assembly mechanisms of oxide nanocomposite films, as well as the advantageous functionalities that arise from such ordered structures, are explored.
Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted Pyrimidines by Site‐Selective Suzuki–Miyura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2,4,5,6‐Tetrachloropyrimidine
Authors: Hussain Munawar , Hung Nguyen Thai , Khera Rasheed Ahmad , Malik Imran , Zinad Dhafer Saber , Langer Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSuzuki–Miyaura reactions of 2,4,5,6‐tetrachloropyrimidine allow a convenient synthesis of mono‐, di‐, tri‐ and tetraarylpyrimidines which are not readily available by other methods. All reactions proceed with excellent site‐selectivity.
Low charge polyvinylamine nanogels offer sustained, low‐level gene expression
Authors: Khondee Supang , Yakovleva Tatyana , Berkland Cory 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCationic polymer charge and polymer degradability each play a crucial role for packaging and delivering plasmid DNA. High density cationic charge has been shown to enhance transfection efficiency but may give rise to undesirable toxicity. Polyvinylamine (PVAm) nanogels bearing discrete amounts of surface charge were used to systematically examine the balance between transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Poly(N‐vinylformamide) (PNVF) nanogels were prepared via an inverse emulsion polymerization reaction and crosslinked with a nondegradable or acid‐labile crosslinker. The nanogels were then hydrolyzed to yield varying degrees of primary amines. The degree of conversion from PNVF to PVAm was controlled using different concentrations of NaOH and hydrolysis times. PVAm nanogel size and charge ranged from 150 to 310 nm, and +3.5 to +18 mV, respectively. These cationic particles were then complexed with pDNA encoding for luciferase. The cytotoxicity of PVAm nanogels and the transfection efficiency of PVAm/DNA complexes were evaluated in carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549). The cytotoxicity of PVAm nanogels increased with increasing accessible charge as expected. Transfection efficiency increased with increasing amounts of amine groups for nondegradable nanogels. Interestingly, acid‐labile nanogels bearing low charge demonstrated more sustained gene transfection when compared with the more highly charged nanogels. These observations suggested that the use of degradable particles with less charge may reduce cytotoxicity without compromising overall transfection efficiency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Enhancement of intervertebral disc cell senescence by WNT/β‐catenin signaling–induced matrix metalloproteinase expression
Authors: Hiyama Akihiko , Sakai Daisuke , Risbud Makarand V. , Tanaka Masahiro , Arai Fumiyuki , Abe Koichiro , Mochida Joji 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether intervertebral disc (IVD) cells express β‐catenin and to assess the role of the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway in cellular senescence and aggrecan synthesis.MethodsThe expression of β‐catenin messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in rat IVD cells was assessed by using several real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analyses. The effect of WNT/β‐catenin on nucleus pulposus (NP) cells was examined by transfection experiments, an MTT assay, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining, a cell cycle analysis, and a transforming growth factor (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway–focused microarray analysis.ResultsWe found that β‐catenin mRNA and protein were expressed in discs in vivo and that rat NP cells exhibited increased β‐catenin mRNA and protein upon stimulation with lithium chloride, a known activator of WNT signaling. LiCl treatment inhibited the proliferation of NP cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. In addition, there was an increased level of cellular senescence in LiCl‐treated cells. Long‐term treatment with LiCl induced cell cycle arrest and promoted subsequent apoptosis in NP cells. Activation of WNT/β‐catenin signaling also regulated the expression of aggrecan. We also demonstrated that WNT/β‐catenin signaling induced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and TGFβ in NP cells.ConclusionThe activation of WNT/β‐catenin signaling promotes cellular senescence and may modulate MMP and TGFβ signaling in NP cells. We hypothesize that the activation of WNT/β‐catenin signaling may lead to an increased breakdown of the matrix, thereby promoting IVD degeneration.
Küstenschutzmaßnahmen in Togo — Stabilisierung erosionsgefährdeter Strandabschnitte und Schutz des Containerterminals Lomé durch den Neubau einer Buhne
Authors: Spekker Heiko , Ammermann Klaus , Guillart Delphine , Lankenau David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDie Küste Togos am Golf von Guinea in Westafrika verfügt über keinen natürlichen Schutz, z. B. durch vorgelagerte Inseln oder felsige Uferabschnitte. Der gesamte rd. 65 km lange Küstenstreifen besteht aus Sand und ist daher dem Wellenangriff des Atlantiks und der überwiegend vorhandenen West‐Ost‐Strömung ausgesetzt. Da die Uferbereiche traditionell dicht bewohnt sind, stellen Landverluste durch Erosion ein großes Problem für die Bevölkerung und die Infrastruktur dar. Die Erosionsproblematik wird daher von der togoischen Regierung sehr intensiv verfolgt. Von den rd. 6 bis 7 Millionen Togoern leben rd. 2,5 Millionen im Großraum Lomé direkt an der Küste. Durch den Bau zusätzlicher und die Rehabilitierung vorhandener Buhnen sollen langfristig der Küs tenabschnitt Togos stabilisiert und die Schutzziele erreicht werden. Die technische Umsetzung der von der INROS LACKNER AG geplanten und zu überwachenden Küstenschutzmaßnahmen wird detailliert beschrieben.Coastal protection measures in Togo — stabilization of erosionthreatened sections of the beach and protection of the container terminal Lomé by means of a sea groyne. The coast of Togo at the Gulf of Guinea, situated in West Africa is not sheltered by natural protection, such as offshore islands or rocky shorelines. The approximately 65 km long Atlantic Ocean coastline does mainly consist of sand, which is prone to erosion due to wave attacks and the prevailing west‐east current. With a traditionally dense populated coast, the land losses caused by erosion constitute a main issue for the Togolese as well as for the infrastructure in general. The problems caused by erosion are therefore vigorously pursued by the Togolese Government. Greater Lomé, located at the coast, accommodates 2,5 Million of the 6 to 7 Million Togolese people. The construction of additional and maintaining of existing groins would stabilize Togo’s coastline. The article describes the technical implementation of coastal protection measures designed and supervised by INROS LACKNER AG.
An LC‐MS‐MS method for quantitative determination of maraviroc (UK‐427,857) in human plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Brewer Ed , Felix Tonya , Clarke Phil , Edgington Alan , Muirhead David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMaraviroc is a first‐in‐class CCR5 antagonist that shows potent anti‐HIV‐1 activity in vitro and in vivo and is well tolerated in both healthy volunteers and HIV‐1‐infected patients. The method for determination of maraviroc (UK‐427,857) and its major metabolite (UK‐408,027) in human plasma consists of a protein‐precipitation procedure and analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using positive ion TurboIonSpray® ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. The assay has been validated over a concentration range of 0.500–500 ng/mL for both analytes. The determinations of maraviroc in human cerebrospinal fluid (0.500–500 ng/mL) and in urine (5.00–5000 ng/mL) have also been validated but do not include measurement of the metabolite. The validations included extraction recovery, intra‐assay and inter‐assay precision and accuracy, stability of stock and spiking solutions, freeze–thaw stability, matrix stability, processed‐extract stability, and evaluation of potential interferences from selected medications in plasma or urine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The morphology of the human lymphatic vessels in the head and neck
Authors: Pan Wei‐Ren , le Roux Cara Michelle , Levy Sidney M. , Briggs Christopher A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPreviously little has been written about the morphology of the human lymphatic vessels since Sappey (Sappey [1874] Anatomie, Physiologie, Pathologie des Vaisseaux Lymphatiques, Paris: Adrien Delahaye) over 100 years ago. There needs to be an accurate re‐evaluation of scientific observations to aid clinical management. Forty‐nine combinations of tissue from the head and neck of 20 unembalmed human cadavers were studied. Six percent hydrogen peroxide was used to find the vessels. They were injected with radio‐opaque mixture, dissected, photographed, and radiographed. Final results were transferred to the computer for analysis. Different sized lymphatic valves were found in the precollecting and collecting lymph vessels, the lymphatic trunks, and ducts. The intervals between the valves were of various lengths. Diverse lymphatic ampullae and diverticula were seen in precollecting and collecting lymph vessels. Initial lymph vessels arose from the dermis, the galea, and the mucosal membrane. The vasculature of the direct and indirect precollecting and collecting lymph vessels, lymphatic trunks, and ducts was recorded. The morphology of the human lymphatic vessels in the head and neck has been described and recorded using radiographs and photographs. Clin. Anat. 23:654–661, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Live‐Cell Imaging with Water‐Soluble Aminophenoxazinone Dyes Synthesised through Laccase Biocatalysis
Authors: Bruyneel Frédéric , D'Auria Ludovic , Payen Olivier , Courtoy Pierre. J. , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAminophenoxazinone dyes with variable water solubilities were assayed for the first time in a live‐cell imaging application. Among a library of ten sulfonylated chromophores, one compound gave excellent results as an endocytic marker, showing a precise subcellular distribution. The compound was compared to four commercial vital tracers, including Lucifer Yellow. The first laccase‐mediated regioselective synthesis of a diphosphorylated 2‐aminophenoxazinone dye was also described. This compound, water‐soluble at 10−2 M, displayed modest fluorescence properties and the ability to complex Mg2+ and Ca2+ cations, therefore giving fluorescence quenching.
Catastrophe and homeostasis
Authors: Silman Robert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe seasonal change in the duration of the night time release of melatonin is responsible for activating the hypothalamic gonadtrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator in seasonal breeding animals. Paul Mullen and I considered that it might also be responsible for the activation of the child's GnRH pulse generator at the onset of human puberty. The real conundrum, though, is why this should happen when it does. Homeostasis, which explains how the body is able to maintain itself, cannot explain why things change. Our reasoning was that in any homeostatic state, there might exist two systems in disequilibrium, which eventually collide to create the ‘catastrophe’ of change. Our research showed that a constant daily output of melatonin throughout life was in disequilibrium with increasing body mass throughout childhood. These two systems permit the progressive decrease in the circulating concentration of melatonin in the growing child until it drops below a critical threshold, which then creates the ‘catastrophe’ of puberty. Catastrophe is destined to overthrow the established order, whereas homeostasis protects it. Catastrophe is always a transient moment that is rapidly supplanted by the re‐imposition of homeostasis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolution of forensic mental health services in Victoria, Australia: Contributions of Professor Paul Mullen
Authors: Ogloff James R. P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground This paper provides an overview of the development of forensic mental health services in Victoria, Australia, from the time that Paul Mullen was appointed Foundation Professor of Forensic Psychiatry at Monash University in 1992 until his retirement in 2009.Aim To provide a brief overview of the inpatient and outpatient service development within the Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare) as well as some of the research contributions he has made that have contributed to the development of novel specialised services including the Problem Behaviour Programme.Conclusions Although applied to the Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, the factors that emerged as a result of his leadership serve as guidelines for the development of prestigious forensic mental health services anywhere. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of Laccase–TEMPO‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Tromp Sander A. , Matijošytė Inga , Sheldon Roger A. , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Mul Guido , Kreutzer Michiel T. , Moulijn Jacob A. , de Vries Simon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe oxidation of benzyl alcohol by air, catalyzed by the organocatalyst TEMPO and the enzyme laccase has been investigated. To establish the kinetically significant pathways and corresponding kinetic parameters, a series of experiments is conducted with synthesized stable oxidized and reduced forms of the organocatalyst, the oxoammonium cation, and hydroxylamine. The time course of TEMPO and its oxidized and reduced derivatives is monitored off line by a combination of GC analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. TEMPO is found to be regenerated through noncatalyzed comproportionation of the oxoammonium cation with hydroxylamine. A kinetic model is presented based on the experimentally determined kinetically significant pathways. The time dependences of the concentrations of the three redox states of TEMPO and benzyl alcohol are adequately described by the model. The results provide new leads for the development of a practical process for a combined laccase–TEMPO‐catalyzed selective oxidation of alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Anhydrous Sulfates of Rare Earth Elements: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Y2(SO4)3 and Sc2(SO4)3.
Authors: Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (NH4)15 [H3Mo57V6(NO)6 O189(H2O)12(VO)6] ×≈60H2O: New Nanocompound Obtained by Chemical Embellishment of {M57V6}.
Authors: Yang Wenbin , Lin Xiang , Lu Canzhong , Zhuang Honghui , Huang Jinshun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Efficient Procedure for Selective Deprotection of Acetates by Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide.
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Guchhait Sankar K. , Saha Manika 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Bis(phenylmercapto)propane and 1‐Chloro‐3‐(phenylmercapto)propane: Useful Precursors for 1,3‐Dilithiopropane Synthons in the Preparation of 1,5‐Diols.
Authors: Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Suzuki‐Type Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Cyclopropylboronic Esters with Benzyl Bromides.
Authors: Chen Han , Deng Min‐Zhi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Ring Expansion Reaction of Allenylcyclobutanols with Aryl Iodides: A Novel Route to the α‐Substituted Cyclopentanones with Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Sugimoto Kenji , Ihara Masataka 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.