bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A MULTIDISCIPLINARY MODEL FOR ASSESSING DEGRADATION IN MEDITERRANEAN RANGELANDS
Authors: Ibañez J. , Valderrama J. M. , Papanastasis V. , Evangelou C. , Puigdefabregas J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an annual multidisciplinary, non‐spatial model which formalizes the relationships linking the dynamics of shrubs, herbs, soil, livestock and farmers' behaviour with possible exogenous drivers of degradation, such as weather and prices. The model does not represent a pasture–livestock system but a shrub–soil one and is applied to a rangeland in Lagadas County (Northern Greece). A sensitivity analysis of the model is also presented. It shows that livestock, in general, and factors increasing farmers' profits, in particular, are currently helping to combat shrub invasion in Lagadas while having low impacts on erosion rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Reaction Kinetic Model for Anionic Polyamide‐6
Authors: Teuwen Julie J. E. , van Geenen Ab A. , Bersee Harald E. N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSemi‐adiabatic temperature measurements are recorded and used to define semi‐empirical equations for the simulation and prediction of the anionic polyamide‐6 (APA‐6) reaction kinetics. The resin mixture used has a long infusion window before the reaction starts. The prediction of the induction time and its corresponding initial temperature of reaction is explored. By means of this semi‐empirical approach and an optimised fitting procedure, the reaction kinetics of APA‐6 can successfully be described. The adiabatic polymerisation can be predicted on the basis of an autocatalytic Kamal‐Sourour model for thermoset resins, and the crystallisation can be described using the isothermal crystallisation model. magnified image
Taste preferences of infants for sweetened or unsweetened foods
Authors: Brown Marie S. , Grunfeld Carol C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe authors would like to express appreciation to the following: Pediatric Lakewood Office of Colorado Permanente Medical Group, particularly chief pediatrician Virgil A. LaFleur, M.D., for assisting in the recruitment of subjects; Dr. Laura Driscoll and Dr. Patricia Prescott for their extensive contribution of time, effort, and expertise in analyzing data; Gerber Baby Food Company, Apple Tree Fruit Juice Company, Del Monte Fruit Company, Tillie Lewis Diet Foods, and Welch's Grape Juice for donations of sugar‐free fruits and juices. This is a report of research on whether or not the addition of sugar to foods consumed by babies early in their feeding significantly alters later preference for sweetened or unsweetened foods. Twenty control babies were fed regular baby food (which already has additional sugar) for the first 3 months of their solid‐food feeding experience; 20 experimental babies were fed a diet with no added sugar for a similar time period. The two groups were then studied during a 4‐week period in which they were randomly assigned to four different sequences of sweetened and unsweetened food. Their reactions to sweetened and unsweetened food were scored according to parental interpretation of their preferences and according to how much food they consumed. Neither group was found to prefer sweetened or unsweetened food. This finding is in contradiction of other studies and common lay and clinical views that infants prefer sweetened foods. It would seem that if babies do not prefer sweet foods, there is certainly no reason to add sugar to commercial products.
Measuring identification with the mothering role
Authors: Rees Barbara Lippincott 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThree summated rating scales entitled Feelings of Motherliness (FOM), Conception of the Fetus as a Person (CFP), and Appropriateness of Fantasies about the Baby‐to‐be (AFB) were constructed. During instrument development, data were collected from a sample of 169 women selected using the criteria of gravidity, ethnicity, and experience. Thirty‐four of these women were used to test the final versions of the scales. Coefficient alphas for FOM, CFP, and AFB were .87, .89, and .67, respectively. Coefficient alphas for the subscales ranged from .88 to 1.0. Content validity was built into the scales. The data supported the concept validity of FOM and CFP, but not AFB. Three subscales of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument were used as criterion measures; criterion validity was not established. Construct validity was assessed using convergent and discriminant measures. Data provided support for convergent validity, but not for discriminant validity. Further modification and testing of the scales are needed.
The effect of environmental sound and communication on CCU patients' heart rate and blood pressure
Authors: Baker Carol F. , Garvin Bonnie J. , Kennedy Carol W. , Polivka Barbara J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe effects of high ambient stressors (equipment sounds) and social stressors (conversation) on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were examined in coronary care patients. Simultaneously occurring sound level in decibels, actual sound, electrocardiogram, and BP were recorded three times/day over 2 days for 20 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA and pairwise comparisons revealed maximum HR to be significantly higher during conversation than during low ambient sounds (quiet). High ambient stressors did not affect HR for these subjects. BP did not significantly change during any of the sound conditions. Further research is needed to delineate cardiovascular effects of specific social stressors.
Focus on psychometrics single‐item indicators in nursing research
Authors: Youngblut Joanne M. , Casper Gail R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSingle‐item indicators that ask respondents for their global rating of a specific concept are congruent with nursing's emphasis on wholism and individualism. They allow the subject to take personally salient features of the situation into account when providing a response. The psychometric performance of single‐item indicators in published research and in a sample data set using measures of the mother's choice and satisfaction with her employment decision support the validity and reliability of the measures, suggesting that these indicators deserve more attention in nursing research. Recommendations for the use of single‐item indicators are provided.
Profiling unusual diffusion by scanning photoluminescence
Authors: Gerten Robert , Strauß Florian , Wolf Herbert , Deicher Manfred , Wichert Thomas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUsing scanning photoluminescence spectroscopy (µPL) the diffusion of implanted Au atoms in p ‐type CdTe was investigated. After annealing at 800 K under Cd‐rich atmosphere, uphill diffusion was observed in agreement with former radiotracer studies using the isotope 193Au. In addition, the µPL technique delivered information about the concentration profiles of intrinsic defects and residual impurities. The measurements support the model that describes uphill diffusion of acceptor dopants in terms of intrinsic defects, i.e. the Cd vacancy and Cd self‐interstitial. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes (APDs) of organic (PEDOT: PSS)–inorganic (ZnSSe) hybrid structure
Authors: Inagaki Yusuke , Ebisu Masahiro , Otsuki Masashi , Ayuni Nor , Shimizu Tomoyuki , Abe Tomoki , Kasada Hirofumi , Ando Koshi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe have developed new organic (PEDOT:PSS)‐inorganic (ZnSSe) hybrid structure avalanche photodiodes (APDs). The device wafers are grown by MBE on n‐GaAs substrates, and PEDOT:PSS is formed by spin‐coating method on the semiconductor ZnSSe layers. We revealed an energy barrier height of 1.0 eV in the interface of i‐ZnSSe and PEDOT:PSS layer by photoresponse method. The device exhibits external quantum efficiency of 90% at 325 nm. We confirmed intrinsic avalanche breakdown at about 28 V and mutiplicaton factor showed 650 at a reverse bias of 34.2 V (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lattice relaxation of ZnS grown on GaP investigated by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Ichino Kunio , Nishigaki Akinori , Yamauchi Akiyoshi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe lattice‐relaxation process of ZnS grown on (001) GaP substrates has been investigated in detail by using high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction (HRXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reciprocal space maps (RSMs) of 224 XRD peaks for ZnS and GaP clearly show transition from coherent growth to relaxed growth with increasing the thickness. For a 32nm‐thick ZnS layer the RSM indicates almost coherent growth to GaP substrate; it also shows, however, a sign of the initiation of lattice relaxation. The cross‐sectional lattice image of the 32 nm thick ZnS layer observed by TEM exhibits defects probably resulting from lattice relaxation, while no such defects are seen for the 21 nm thick layer. Therefore, the critical thickness of ZnS on GaP seems to be between 21 nm and 32nm. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of thermal stability of CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot heterostructures
Authors: Borkovska L. V. , Korsunska N. O. , Kushnirenko V. I. , Stara T. R. , Kladko V. P. , Kryshtab T. G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHere we report on the effect of post‐growth thermal annealing at 200‐440 °C on the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot (QD) and CdZnSe/ZnSe quantum well (QW) heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. After heat treatment at temperatures lower than 270 °C, the PL intensity from both type of structures increases, while at temperatures above 270‐340 °C it decreases. A blue shift of the excitonic band position caused by Cd out‐diffusion from the QDs (QWs) is observed above 320‐340 °C and is five times larger for the QD‐related PL band than for the QW one. It is found that the energy of the excitonic transitions in the wetting layers does not change upon annealing. Lower thermal stability of the QDs as compared to that of the wetting layer and of the QW is explained by lateral Cd/Zn interdiffusion in the wetting layers via column II vacancies (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modification by thermal annealing of the luminescent characteristics of CdSe quantum dots in gelatin films
Authors: Borkovska L. V. , Korsunska N. O. , Stara T. R. , Dzhagan V. M. , Stroyuk O. L. , Raevska O. Ye. , Kryshtab T. G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe influence of thermal annealing on the photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE) and Raman scattering spectra of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) in gelatin films is studied. The X‐ray diffraction reveals the presence of CdSe QDs with a size of about 3 nm in the film. Thermal annealing of the QDs at 100 ºC in air results in a red shift of the PL bands as well as in changes in the temperature dependence of the PL intensity. In the PLE spectra the maximum associated with the light absorption by the QDs shifts to the red region also. The effects are found to be reversible. The passivation of CdSe nanocrystals with ZnS shell reduces the effects. In the Raman scattering spectra, the position of LO phonon peak of CdSe QDs does not change upon annealing. The effects are explained by the break of the bonds of cadmium surface atoms with functional groups of gelatin molecules (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Local study of the energy spectrum of electrons in CdSe/ZnSe QD structure by current DLTS cooperated with AFM
Authors: Litvinov Vladimir , Kozlovsky Vladimir , Sadofyev Yuri , Rybin Nikolay 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCdSe/ZnSe QD structure was investigated by current deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) with Laplace transform cooperated with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements were carried out too. Basing on Laplace current DLTS with AFM and CL data an activation energy of electron emission from the quantized levels in a small group of CdSe QDs was measured. We have demonstrated the advanced capabilities of the new method of studying the electrical properties of nano‐objects. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Utility‐driven construction of balanced data routing trees in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Behzadan Afshin , Anpalagan Alagan , Woungang Isaac , Ma Bobby 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIn wireless sensor networks, achieving load balancing in an energy‐efficient manner to improve the network lifetime as much as possible is still a challenging problem because in such networks, the only energy resource for sensor nodes is their battery supplies. This paper proposes a game theoretical‐based solution in the form of a distributed algorithm for constructing load‐balanced routing trees in wireless sensor networks. In our algorithm, load balancing is realized by adjusting the number of children among parents as much as possible, where child adjustment is considered as a game between the parents and child nodes; parents are considered as cooperative players, and children are considered as selfish players. The gained utility by each node is determined by means of some utility functions defined per role, which themselves determine the behavior of nodes in each role. When the game is over, each node gains the maximum benefit on the basis of its utility function, and the balanced tree is constructed. The proposed method provides additional benefits when in‐network aggregation is applied. Analytical and simulation results are provided, demonstrating that our proposed algorithm outperform two recently proposed benchmarking algorithms [1, 2], in terms of time complexity and communication overhead required for constructing the load‐balanced routing trees. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Thermal Decomposition and Explosive Properties of a Series of Novel Energetic Nitrophenol Salts of Dihydrazino‐s‐tetrazine
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Guo , Liang Yan‐Hui , Feng Jin‐Ling , Wang Kun , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Zhou Zun‐Ning , Yang Li 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThree nitrophenol salts of 3, 6‐dihydrazino‐s‐tetrazine were synthesized by the reaction of dihydrazino‐s‐tetrazine with either trinitrophenol, trinitroresorcinol, or trinitrophloroglucinol. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of the salt of 3, 6‐dihydrazino‐s‐tetrazine and trinitrophloroglucinol was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The thermal decomposition characteristics of the title compounds were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetry‐differential thermal gravimetry and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Sensitivity tests revealed that the three salts were very sensitive to external stimulus.
Effective approach to greatly enhancing selective secretion and expression of three cytoplasmic enzymes in Escherichia coli through synergistic effect of EDTA and lysozyme
Authors: Liu Sen-Lin , Du Kun , Chen Wei-Zhao , Liu Gang , Xing Miao 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
An effective approach to greatly enhancing the selective secretion and expression of recombinant cytoplasmic enzymes in Escherichia coli was successfully developed through the synergistic effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and lysozyme. The method was applied to two endoglucanases (EGs) and an amylase. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and concentration of isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) were 23–30 °C and 0.2 mM, respectively, under which the three enzymes could be expressed in active form. Among all the chemicals tested, EDTA was found to be most suitable for enhancing the secretion of EG-I-1A into the medium. Addition of lysozyme alone had little influence on the secretion and expression. In contrast, on the basis of the addition of 5 g EDTA/L at the induction time of 12 h, the simultaneous addition of 0.15 g lysozyme/L further significantly increased the secretion and expression of the three enzymes, demonstrating the synergistic effect of EDTA and lysozyme. The production of EG-I-1A in the culture medium by adding 5 g EDTA/L and 0.15 g lysozyme/L under the optimal culture conditions of 23 °C and 0.2 mM IPTG was over 260-fold higher than that without EDTA and lysozyme under the standard conditions of 37 °C and 1 mM IPTG. In summary, the advantage of this novel cultivation approach for secretion was that not only did it selectively enhance the secretion of the proteins of interest, but also greatly increased the expression of the three enzymes by over 80 %.
The relationships among caregiver and adolescent identity status, identity distress and psychological adjustment
Authors: Wiley Rachel E. , Berman Steven L. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study addresses the relationships of caregiver identity status on their adolescent children's identity distress and psychological symptom severity among a sample of adolescents (age 12–19) in treatment at a community mental health center (N = 60 caregiver–child dyads). A significant proportion of caregivers (10%) and their adolescent children (21.7%) met DSM‐IV criteria for Identity Problem. Caregiver identity commitment, significantly predicted adolescent identity distress over and above the adolescents' identity variables, while caregiver identity exploration significantly predicted adolescent psychological symptom severity. These findings and implications are discussed in further detail.
Thermal Instability of Compressible Micropolar Fluid in the Presence of Suspended Particles
Authors: Rani N. , Tomar S. K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA problem of thermal instability of a compressible micropolar fluid layer heated from below in the presence of suspended particles has been investigated. Dispersion relation is derived and Rayleigh number curve is then plotted against the wavenumber at different values of compressibility parameter for a model example. Compressibility is found to be responsible to destabilize the system in the presence and absence of suspended particles for both stationary and over stationary convection.
Dynamic Stress Concentration of a Cylindrical Cavity in Half-Plane Excited by Standing Goodier-Bishop Stress Wave
Authors: Liao W.-I , Teng T.-J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBased on expansion technique, the dynamic stress concentration of a cylindrical cavity buried in an elastic half-plane is studied in the paper. The cavity and the half-plane are excited by a harmonic standing Goodier-Bishop stress wave which, as a result of taking the normalized frequency tends to zero, is equivalent to a simple uniform static tension parallel to the ground surface. In the formulation, the scattered waves are represented by a series expansion, and their associated modal fields of the expansion satisfy the boundary conditions on the ground surface as well as the radiation condition at infinity. As a consequence, the scattering problem is reduced to the determination of the expansion coefficients by matching the boundary conditions on the cavity. The numerical technique based on the steepest descent method is used to calculate the integral representation of potential functions in wave-number domain. Numerical results for the dynamic hoop stresses around the wall of the cavity and the dynamic stress concentration factors with various buried depth and excitation frequencies are presented.
Homogenization Theory Applied to Unsaturated Solid-Liquid Mixture
Authors: Liu K.-F. , Wu Y.-H. , Hsu Y.-C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, we present theoretical derivation of seepage flow in unsaturated and static soil using Homogenization theory. The derivation started in the microscopic scale in the soil. The representative elementary volume (REV) in the soil is set to be one order larger than the scale of characteristic length of pore. Solids in the REV are assumed to be rigid and cohesionless. The liquid velocity in the pore is slow. By no-slip boundary condition on the solid boundary in REV, we could obtain the microscopic flow conditions. Using spatial ensemble average under the microscopic scale, we obtain the relation between water content, pressure head and velocities in macroscopic scale. This macroscopic averaged equation is validated to be equal to Richards' equation.
Creep Buckling and Post-Buckling Analyses of a Viscoelastic FGM Cylindrical Shell with Initial Deflection Subjected to a Uniform In-Plane Load
Authors: Dai H.-L. , Zheng H.-Y. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper, based on the viscoelastic theory, the creep buckling and post-buckling behaviors of a viscoelastic functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical shell with initial deflection subjected to a uniform in-plane load are investigated. The material properties of the viscoelastic FGM cylindrical shell are assumed to vary through the structural thickness according to a power law distribution of the volume fraction of constituent materials and Poisson's ratio is assumed as a constant. Considering the transverse shear deformation and geometric nonlinearity, the constitutive relation of the viscoelastic FGM cylindrical shell is established. By means of the Newton-Newmark method and the Boltzmann superposition principle, the problem for the creep buckling and post-buckling of the FGM cylindrical shell is solved. The numerical results reveal that the transverse shear deformation, volume fraction and geometric parameters have significant effects on the creep buckling and post-buckling of the viscoelastic FGM cylindrical shell.
Personality disorders, common mental disorders and receipt of disability benefits: evidence from the British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity
Authors: Knudsen A. K. , Skogen J. C. , Harvey S. B. , Stewart R. , Hotopf M. , Moran P. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundCommon mental disorders (CMDs) are associated with occupational impairment and the receipt of disability benefits (DBs). Little is known about the relationship between personality disorders (PDs) and work disability, and whether the association between CMDs and work disability is affected by the presence of co-morbid PDs. The aim of this study was to examine the association between DB and individual categories of PDs, with special attention to the effect of co-morbid CMDs on this association.MethodThe association between DB and PD was examined using data from the 2000 British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. Probable PD caseness was identified using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II) screening questionnaire. The impact of CMDs, assessed with the revised version of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R), was examined as a covariate and in a stratified analysis of co-morbidity. Other covariates included sociodemographic factors, long-standing illnesses and substance use.ResultsProbable PD was associated with DB, with the strongest associations found for borderline, dependent and schizotypal PD. Antisocial PD was not associated with DB. The relationship between PD and DB was strongly modified by CMD, reducing the association from an odds ratio (OR) of 2.84 to 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.79)]. In the stratified analysis, co-morbid PD and CMD showed a stronger association with DB than PD without CMD but, when fully adjusted, this effect was not significantly different from the association between CMD without PD.ConclusionsIndividuals screening positive for PD are more likely to experience severe occupational outcomes, especially in the presence of co-morbid CMD.
Thurston equivalence for rational maps with clusters
Authors: SHARLAND THOMAS 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe investigate rational maps with period-one and period-two cluster cycles. Given the definition of a cluster, we show that, in the case where the degree is$d$and the cluster is fixed, the Thurston class of a rational map is fixed by the combinatorial rotation number$\rho $and the critical displacement$\delta $of the cluster cycle. The same result will also be proved in the case where the rational map is quadratic and has a period-two cluster cycle, and we will also show that the statement is no longer true in the higher-degree case.