bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent updates of surgical techniques and applications of free vascularized fibular graft in extremity and trunk reconstruction
Authors: Korompilias Anastasios V. , Paschos Nikolaos K. , Lykissas Marios G. , Kostas‐Agnantis Ioannis , Vekris Marios D. , Beris Alexandros E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSuccessful free vascularized bone transfers have revolutionized the limb salvage and musculoskeletal reconstruction. The free vascularized fibula remains the mainstay in bone reconstruction combines the benefits of blood supply, biological potential, and callus formation with its unique biomechanical characteristics offering a supreme candidate for various dissolvable issues. Especially in conditions where there was lack of other applicable method and the free vascularized fibular graft was introduced as the only alternative. Extensive traumatic bone loss, tumor resection, femoral head osteonecrosis and congenital defects have been managed with exceptional results beyond expectations. The present manuscript updates several issues in application of free vascularized fibular graft in extremity and trunk reconstruction. It also highlights tips and pearls of surgical technique in some crucial steps of harvesting the vascularized fibular graft in order to offer a vascularized bone with safety and low donor site morbidity. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2011.
Nanowire Arrays: Intact Mammalian Cell Function on Semiconductor Nanowire Arrays: New Perspectives for Cell‐Based Biosensing (Small 1/2011)
Authors: Berthing Trine , Bonde Sara , Sørensen Claus B. , Utko Pawel , Nygård Jesper , Martinez Karen L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNanowires (NWs) are attracting more and more interest due to their potential cellular applications, such as delivery of compounds or sensing platforms. Arrays of vertical indium‐arsenide (InAs) NWs are interfaced with human embryonic kidney cells and rat embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons. A selection of critical cell functions and pathways are shown not to be impaired, including cell adhesion, membrane integrity, intracellular enzyme activity, DNA uptake, cytosolic and membrane protein expression, and the neuronal maturation pathway. The results demonstrate the low invasiveness of InAs NW arrays, which, combined with the unique physical properties of InAs, open up their potential for cellular investigations.
Acute and chronic toxicity of Betanal®Expert and its active ingredients on nontarget aquatic organisms from different trophic levels
Authors: Vidal Tânia , Abrantes Nelson , Gonçalves Ana M. M. , Gonçalves Fernando 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAs a way to improve the efficacy to target organisms, new pesticide generation is based on technologically advanced coformulations of two or more active ingredients. One example is Betanal®Expert, a postemergence herbicide composed of an Advanced Micro Droplet coformulation of phenmedipham, desmedipham, and ethofumesate. Although its composed formulation brings an increase in the pesticide performance, it can also enhance its toxicity to nontarget species. Therefore, the present study intends to contribute with relevant information on ecotoxicological effects of Betanal®Expert and its active ingredients on a battery of bioassays using aquatic species from different trophic levels: bacteria (Vibrio
fischeri), microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Chlorella vulgaris, and Chlamydomonas pseudocostata), macrophyte (Lemna minor), and cladocerans (Daphnia magna and Daphnia longispina) species. Across the organisms tested and endpoints measured, different responses concerning the toxicity of the active ingredients were found: (i) phenmedipham was the most toxic to V. fischeri and L. minor; (ii) desmedipham was the most toxic to P. subcapitata, D. magna, and D. longispina; (iii) and ethofumesate was the most toxic to C. pseudocostata and C. vulgaris. Furthermore, for C. pseudocostata and daphnids, the toxicity observed for some active ingredients was higher than the toxicity of the commercial formulation. In fact, in an attempt to evaluate the contribution of each active ingredient to the overall toxicity of Betanal®Expert, it was observed that, in general, the toxicity values obtained for desmedipham and phenmedipham were close or even lower to the values determined for Betanal®Expert, indicating that the ethofumesate can act as an antagonist in the three‐way coformulation. In spite of the most impaired species being the photosynthetic ones, this study also showed pernicious effects on nonphotosynthetic organisms with distinct target sites. Therefore, our results underline the importance of clarifying the mode of action and metabolic pathways of these compounds on nonphotosynthetic species. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Physiological responses of three marine microalgae exposed to cypermethrin
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Hui , Nie Xiang‐Ping , Yue Wen‐Jie , Li Xin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effects of cypermethrin on physiological responses of three typical marine microalgal species Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae), Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae), and Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae), were investigated by 96‐h growth tests in a batch‐culture system. The 96‐h median inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 71.4, 205, and 191 μg L−1 for S. costatum, S. trochoidea, and C. marina, respectively. Quick and significant physiological responses occurred when algal cells were exposed to cypermethrin, and all biochemical parameters varied significantly within 6‐ or 12‐h exposure. Cypermethrin affected algal growth, protein content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by stimulation at low concentrations (1, 5 μg L−1) and inhibition at high concentrations (>50 μg L−1). A general increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level was observed in all test groups, which suggested that the toxic effects of cypermethrin were probably exerted through free radical generation. These results suggest that the activation of SOD and promotion of protein at early exposure are important to counteract the oxidative stress induced by cypermethrin, and the inactivation of SOD may be crucial to the growth inhibition of microalgae by cypermethrin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Oxidative stress in ventral prostate, ovary, and breast by 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in pre‐ and postnatal exposed rats
Authors: Pochettino Aristides A. , Bongiovanni Bettina , Duffard Ricardo O. , Evangelista de Duffard Ana María 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe herbicide 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) has been widely used in agriculture and forestry since the 1940s. 2,4‐D has been shown to produce a wide range of adverse effects—from embryotoxicity and teratogenicity to neurotoxicity—on animal and human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible effects of pre‐ and postnatal exposure to 2,4‐D on oxidative stress in ventral prostate, ovary and breast. Pregnant rats were daily exposed to oral doses of 70 mg/kg/day of 2,4‐D from 16 days of gestation up to 23 days after delivery. Then, the pups were sacrificed by decapitation at postnatal day (PND) 45, 60, or 90. Antioxidant enzyme activities and some parameters of the oxidative stress were assessed in ventral prostate, breast, and ovary. Results show that 2,4‐D produced three different effects. First, it increased the concentration of some radical oxygen species and the rates of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in ventral prostate, thereby causing oxidative stress at all ages studied. Although an increase in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes was detected, this seemed to have been not enough to counteract the oxidative stress. Second, 2,4‐D promoted the oxidative stress in the breasts, mainly during puberty and adulthood, probably because the developing gland is more sensitive to xenobiotics than the adult organ. Third, 2,4‐D altered the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxide concentration in the ovary. This effect could reflect the variety of ovarian cell types and their different responses to endocrine changes during development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Teaching About Genetic Testing Issues in the Undergraduate Classroom: A Case Study
Authors: Rogers Jill Cellars , Taylor Ann T. S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEducating undergraduates about current genetic testing and genomics can involve novel and creative teaching practices. The higher education literature describes numerous pedagogical approaches in the laboratory designed to engage science and liberal arts students. Often these experiences involve students analyzing their own genes for various polymorphisms, some of which are associated with disease states such as an increased risk for developing cancer. While the literature acknowledges possible ethical ramifications of such laboratory exercises, authors do not present recommendations or rubrics for evaluating whether or not the testing is, in fact, ethical. In response, we developed a laboratory investigation and discussion which allowed undergraduate science students to explore current DNA manipulation techniques to isolate their p53 gene, followed by a dialogue probing the ethical implications of examining their sample for various polymorphisms. Students never conducted genotyping on their samples because of ethical concerns, so the discussion served to replace actual genetic testing in the class. A basic scientist led the laboratory portion of the assignment. A genetic counselor facilitated the discussion, which centered around existing ethical guidelines for clinical genetic testing and possible challenges of human genotyping outside the medical setting. In their final papers, students demonstrated an understanding of the practice guidelines established by the genetics community and acknowledged the ethical considerations inherent in p53 genotyping. Given the burgeoning market for personalized medicine, teaching undergraduates about the psychosocial and ethical dimensions of human gene testing seems important and timely, and introduces an additional role genetic counselors can play in educating consumers about genomics.
Physicochemical Properties of Novel Phosphobetaine Zwitterionic Surfactants and Mixed Systems with an Anionic Surfactant
Authors: Nong Lanping , Xiao Chengliang , Zhong Zhensheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of novel zwitterionic phosphobetaine (PPBT) surfactants were synthesized using long chain fatty alcohol, epichlorohydrin, dimethylamine and sodium dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials. The physicochemical properties of the phosphobetaine surfactants such as isoelectric point, foaming, surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC) and Krafft point were measured. Low CMC and surface tension values indicated the surface activities of the phosphobetaine surfactants were quite excellent. The CMC and surface tension values of PPBT/SDS mixed systems were determined. It was found both of CMC and surface tension values decreased compared with single surfactant system because of the association between dodecyl sulfate anions and cationic groups in phosphobetaine by electrostatic attraction.
Serum anti‐müllerian hormone concentrations in reproductive age women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: the influence of body mass index
Authors: Sahmay Sezai , Guralp Onur , Senturk Levent M. , Imamoglu Metehan , Kucuk Mustafa , Irez Tulay 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the correlation between anti‐müllerian hormone (AMH) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).MethodsSerum AMH levels of 332 women in their reproductive period and below 45 years of age who were admitted to our reproductive endocrinology clinic with infertility were investigated in a cross‐sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups as BMI under and equal or over 25 kg/m2. Both groups were divided into two subgroups as PCOS and non‐PCOS. AMH levels of patients were analyzed for each group.ResultsMean AMH values of BMI <25 and ≥25 kg/m2 groups were 3.87 ± 2.95 and 3.58 ± 2.93 ng/mL, respectively (P > 0.05) in all patients. Means of AMH were not significantly different in BMI quartiles (r = −0.008401, P = 0.96). Among 107 patients with PCOS, means of AMH were 6.85 ± 2.95 ng/mL in 56 patients with BMI <25 kg/m2 and 6.66 ± 3.18 ng/mL in 51 patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (P > 0.05). In the group of 225 non‐PCOS patients, means of AMH were 2.27 ± 1.12 ng/mL in 104 patients with BMI <25 kg/m2 and 2.28 ± 1.49 ng/mL in 121 patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (P > 0.05).ConclusionsBody mass index does not seem to have an effect on serum AMH levels in reproductive age women both with and without PCOS.
Long Hiatus in Proterozoic Sedimentation in India: Vindhyan, Cuddapah and Pakhal Basins - A Plate Tectonic Model
Authors: Mishra D. C. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Most of the Proterozoic basins in India, viz. the Vindhyan, the Cuddapah and the Pakhal Basins have experienced long hiatus between the upper and the lower group of rocks. It is proposed that the older group of rocks of Paleoproterozoic period (~1.9-1.6 Ga) formed during the rifting phase caused by large scale magmatism in respective basins possibly due to plume tectonics. On the other hand, the younger group of rocks of Neoproterozoic (~1.0-0.7 Ga) are formed during the final phase of convergence after mountain building that supplied sediments. These geological processes explain large scale disturbances in the older group of rocks during subsequent convergence and collision as they usually occurred along the rifted margins of the cratons. These processes also explain the undisturbed nature, devoid of magmatic rocks of the younger group of rocks and hiatus of about 0.5-0.6 Ga in each case. It is suggested that the plume that was responsible for these rifting of the Indian cratons during Paleo-Mesoproterozoic might have also been responsible for the break up of contemporary Columbian agglomeration in this section. Same model can be used to explain the formation of Proterozoic basins and related hiatus any where else where similar geological environment exist.
Assessing the Relative Packing Behaviour of Chandarpur and Khairagarh Sandstones of Proterozoic Chhattisgarh Basin
Authors: Singh M. K. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The paper concerns mainly with properties of packing of the Proterozoic Chandarpur and Khairagarh sandstones of Chhattisgarh Basin. An attempt has been made to decipher the nature of boundary between Chandarpur Group and overlying Raipur Group on the basis of grain packing. For the purpose of study based on eight representative thin sections of Chandarpur and Khairagarh sandstones, measurements of grain size distribution, types of grain contacts, packing density (Pd), packing proximity (Pp) and linear regression analysis has been carried out. The relation of packing density with packing proximity of Khairagarh sandstone shows positive correlation coefficient (r) with linear regression equation (y) and no clear trend in packing proximity (Pp) vs grain size (Is) is observed whereas Chandarpur sandstone shows packing density increases and packing proximity decreases with linear regression equation (y) and correlation coefficient (r). Chandarpur grain size tends to increase with packing density (Pd) whereas packing proximity (Pp) increases but Khairagarh sandstone packing density (Pd) decrease with increase of grain size (Is) and packing proximity (Pp) tends to increase with decrease in grain size. Above study indicates that packing behaviour of Chandarpur sandstones and Khairagarh sandstones are entirely different.
Impact of Lead Contamination on the Engineering Properties of Clayey Soil
Authors: G. Resmi , Santosh G. Thampi , Chandrakaran S. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Clay liners are widely used as barriers to arrest the migration of pollutants. These liners are subjected to leaching of various chemicals and hazardous wastes. Migration of heavy metals through the liner material may lead to changes in the soil properties and this, in turn, may affect the performance of liners. In this paper, the change in index and engineering properties of clayey soil due to migration of lead is presented. Pronounced changes in soil properties are noticed when the soil is contaminated with high concentrations of lead. The findings from the present study are important while designing liners in landfills used for containment of pollution due to heavy metals and hazardous wastes.
Geology, Structural and Exhumation History of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines in Kumaon Himalaya, India
Authors: Patel R.C. , Adlakha Vlkas , Singh Paramjeet , Kumar Yogesh , Lal Nand 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The crystallines in the Kumaon Himalaya, India are studied along Goriganga, Darma and Kaliganga valleys and found to be composed of two high-grade metamorphic gneiss sheets i.e. the Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) and Lesser Himalayan Crystalline (LHC) zones. These were tectonically extruded as a consequence of the southward directed propagation of crustal deformation in the Indian plate margin. The HHC and its cover rocks i.e. the Tethyan Sedimentary Zone (TSZ) are exposed through tectonic zones within the hinterland of Kumaon Himalaya. The HHC records history of at least one episode of pre-Himalayan deformation (D1), three episodes of Himalayan deformation (D2, D3, D4). The rocks of the HHC in Kumaon Himalaya are thoroughly transposed by D2 deformation into NW-SE trending Sm (S1+S2). The extent of transposition and a well-developed NE-plunging L2 lineation indicate intense strain during D2 throughout the studied portion of the HHC. Ductile flow continued, resulting in rotation of F1 and F2 folds due NE-direction and NW-SE plunging F3 folds within the HHC. The over thickened crystalline was finally, superimposed by late-to-post collisional brittle-ductile deformation (D4) and exposed the rocks to rapid erosion.
Apatite Fission Track (AFT) and Zircon Fission Track (ZFT) studies from the Kumaon Himalaya suggest reactivation of the Main Central/Munsiari Thrust (MCT/MT) and Vaikrita Thrust (VT), rapid exhumation and a system that has been in topographic and exhumation steady-state since at least 4 Ma.
Leibnizian Materialism
Authors: Hunter Graeme 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I argue a position that has almost never been held: that Leibniz was a materialist. At the conclusion of my article, I consider whether the difficulty of reconciling Leibniz’s materialism with other texts where he appears to be an idealist is best explained by Glenn Hartz’s idea of “theory pluralism,” concluding that there is instead a Leibnizian idea of “theory reconciliation” which does a better job.
The Idea of Phenomenology: Reading Husserliana as Reductions
Authors: Himanka Juha 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTEdmund Husserl strongly emphasized the importance of reduction to his phenomenology. For his followers, however, it has proved a formidable task to specify exactly how this intricate accomplishment that opens up the possibility for phenomenological research is to be performed. In this article, we study different approaches to gaining access to reduction and conclude by suggesting that we should read Husserliana itself as a set of accomplished reductions. In other words, our task is to pinpoint chapters where the movement of reduction takes place. As an example of such a reading, I will point out events that come about in Husserl’s Idea of Phenomenology.
N‐3‐hydroxyl‐2‐naphthoyl hydrazone derivatives as inhibitors for corrosion of carbon steel in H2SO4 acid solution
Authors: Fouda A.S. , EL‐Sayyad S.A. , Abdallah M. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inhibiting properties of four N‐3‐hydroxyl‐2‐naphthoyl hydrazone derivatives in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution and to study the mechanism of their action.Design/methodology/approachThe effect of various parameters on the behavior of these inhibitors has been studied using the weight loss and polarization measurements.FindingsThe inhibiting action of the investigated compounds depends primarily on their concentration and molecular size. The compounds act as mixed type inhibitors and function via adsorption on carbon steel surface, which follows Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The addition of KI, KBr and KSCN to N‐3‐hydroxyl‐2‐naphthoyl hydrazone derivatives had a synergistic effect in enhancing the efficiency of corrosion inhibition.Originality/valueThis paper provides useful information regarding inhibition effect of N‐3‐hydroxyl‐2‐naphthoyl hydrazone derivatives and clarifies the role of the molecular structure and substituents on the inhibition efficiency of these investigated compounds on the corrosion of carbon steel in acidic solutions.
Customization of quality practices: the impact of quality culture
Authors: Jinhui Wu Sarah , Zhang Dongli , Schroeder Roger G. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how firms should customize quality practices to obtain or maintain quality advantage with the development of quality culture. The paper seeks to adopt March's learning framework and to differentiate quality management practices into two bundles: exploitation and exploration.Design/methodology/approachA survey dataset, including 238 manufacturing plants located in eight countries and three industries was used to test the hypotheses. The total sample was classified into two groups depending on the maturity of quality culture, and regression analysis was conducted in each of the groups for comparison.FindingsData analysis results show that quality exploitation practices are highly related to performance outcome when quality culture has not become a prevailing organization culture. In contrast, quality exploration practices are significantly associated with operations performance after quality culture plays a critical role in organizational culture.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings encourage future research on customization of quality management practices.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest when it is more appropriate to adopt explorative‐ oriented quality practices and when to adopt exploitative‐oriented quality practices to make quality management programs more effective.Originality/valueThis paper advances the understanding of quality management practices from the context‐dependent perspective. Particularly, the study suggests the selective adoption of certain quality management practices based on the evolvement of quality culture.