bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological comparison‐based wormhole detection for MANET
Authors: Chan King Sun , Alam Mohammad Rafiqul 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYWormhole attack is considered one of the most threatening security attacks for mobile ad hoc networks. In a wormhole attack, a tunnel is setup in advance between two colluders. The colluders record packets at one location and forward them through the tunnel to another location in the network. Depending on whether or not the colluders are participating in the network functions, the wormhole attack can be further divided into two categories: traditional wormhole attack and Byzantine wormhole attack. Existing researches focusing on detecting traditional wormhole attacks can be classified into three categories: one‐hop delay‐based approach, topological analysis‐based or special hardware/middleware‐based approaches. Unfortunately, they all have their own limitations. Most of the researches detecting Byzantine wormhole attack are not addressing the Byzantine wormhole attack directly. Instead, they focus on observing the consequence after a Byzantine wormhole attack, like packet dropping or modification. In this paper, we propose to detect both traditional and Byzantine wormhole attacks by detecting some topological anomalies introduced by wormhole tunnels. Simulation results show that our scheme can achieve both high wormhole attack detection rate and accuracy. Our scheme is also simple to implement. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seamless management of paper and electronic documents for task knowledge sharing
Authors: Kojima Hiroyuki , Iwata Ken 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDue to the progress of Internet technology and the increase of distributed information on networks, the present approach to knowledge management has been based more and more on the performance of various experienced users. In addition to the increase in electronic documents, the use of paper documents has not been reduced due to their convenience. This paper describes a method of tracking paper document locations and contents using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. This research also focuses on the expression of a task process and the seamless structuring of related electronic and paper documents as a result of task knowledge formalization using information organizing. A system is proposed here that implements information organization for both Web documents and paper documents using the task model description and RFID technology. Examples of a prototype system are also presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(8): 52–63, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10370
A micro ultrasonic scalpel with modified stepped horn
Authors: Kurosawa Minoru , Umehara Yuji 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA transducer for a micro ultrasonic scalpel has been fabricated. The micro ultrasonic scalpel can be used with an endoscope for a nonabdominal operation or microsurgery, for example, through a microscope. The ultrasonic transducer is 9.8 mm long and 2.7 mm wide and has a stepped horn to amplify the vibration velocity; the tip of the horn is 0.6 mm wide. The scalpel operated at the resonance frequency in the longitudinal mode at 278 kHz. The piezoelectric material was lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which was deposited using the hydrothermal method. The vibration velocity at the tip of the horn in the longitudinal direction was 4.0 m/s, with a 40 Vp‐p driving voltage in both of the side electrodes. To demonstrate the beneficial effect of the scalpel, a cutting test in which the transducer was stuck into pork fat was carried out. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(8): 44–51, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10414
Deformation of varifocal mirror with narrow frame by SOI wafer residual stress
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Hane Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSilicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) wafers are used for many micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS). The influences of residual stress of SOI wafer on the fabricated structures are important especially for micro‐mirror because the optical performances are often affected by them. In this study, we propose an analytical calculation for the deformation of mirror and frame of a varifocal mirror. The deformations of the fabricated structures were measured using a white light interferometer. The frame was tilted at 2.8 mrad which was explained by the calculated value of 3.9 mrad. The mirror was deflected by 100 nm with the top‐flat shape, which also agreed well with the proposed analysis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(8): 26‐33, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11381
Study of plant bioelectric potential response due to photosynthesis reaction
Authors: Ando Ki , Hasegawa Yuki , Yaji Tamaki , Uchida Hidekazu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBioelectric potential is generated by ions in a plant cell; the potential changes with physiological activities of the plant. Therefore, measurement of the potential is a promising method for evaluation of plant activities. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of potential response generation due to photosynthetic reactions of plants. For this purpose, we measured the bioelectric potential with air replaced by N2 gas in order to suppress the carbon‐fixation reaction. The potential response was found to be different from the ambient gas, and we determined that several behaviors of the potential response were strongly related to the activities of the photochemical reaction and carbon‐fixation reaction. We next measured the potential when the illuminating conditions were changed to accelerate or decelerate photosynthesis. The shape of the potential response was found to be related to the increase or decrease of photosynthetic rate and can provide support for effective cultivation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(8): 10–16, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11393
CHBr3/TiCl4/Mg as an Unusual Nucleophilic CBr2 Carbenoid: Effective and Chemoselective Dibromomethylenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Bhorge Yeshwant Ramchandra , Chang Cheng‐Ta , Chang Su‐Haur , Yan Tu‐Hsin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe report that instead of using CBr4, CHBr3 can serve as a highly nucleophilic dibromomethylene carbenoid in chemoselective carbonyl dibromomethylenation. Successful application of the dibromomethylenation to various carbonyl compounds such as enolizable and sterically hindered ketones by using the CHBr3/Mg/TiCl4 system highlights the weakly basic nature, extraordinary reactivity, and synthetic versatility of the approach.
Synthesis of Coenzyme Q10
Authors: Oh Eun‐Taek , Jin Kim Hee , Taek Oh Jung , Su Liang , Yun Inkyun , Nam Kyunggu , Min Jae‐Hong , Woo Kim Joon , Koo Sangho 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA practical synthesis of coenzyme Q10 has been developed. The route features an improved Friedel–Crafts allylation of tetramethoxytoluene with a para‐chlorobenzenesulfonyl‐substituted C5 allylic chloride at 40 °C. Replacement of the methyl ether protecting groups of the para‐hydroquinone by methoxymethyl groups at Q1 stage proceeded efficiently, and allowed the facile final oxidation to coenzyme Q10 to occur under mild acidic conditions. The overall yield of coenzyme Q10 from commercially available tetramethoxytoluene reached 53 % in this improved procedure.
Resveratrol‐Related Dehydrodimers: Laccase‐Mediated Biomimetic Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Bhusainahalli Vedamurthy M. , Spatafora Carmela , Chalal Malik , Vervandier‐Fasseur Dominique , Meunier Philippe , Latruffe Norbert , Tringali Corrado 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSeven resveratrol‐related monomeric stilbenoids were submitted to biomimetic oxidative coupling in the presence of laccase from Trametes versicolor (TvL), and gave racemic dihydrobenzofuran dehydrodimers (±)‐15 to (±)‐21. These products, after spectral characterization, were submitted to an antiproliferative activity bioassay against SW480 human colon cancer cells. Five racemates were found to be active, and were resolved by chiral HPLC. The pure enantiomers were subjected to circular dichroism measurements to establish their absolute configurations at C‐7 and C‐8. These enantiomerically pure compounds were submitted to the antiproliferative activity assay towards SW480 cells, and were all shown to be active with IC50 values in the approximate range 20–90 μM. In some cases, a significant difference between the activity of the 7R,8R and 7S,8S enantiomers was observed, but a defined configuration of the stereogenic centers does not appear to be a structural requirement for the activity. The comparison between the most active compounds and the inactive ones strongly suggests that the presence of a methoxy group in the position ortho to the C‐4 hydroxy group is highly detrimental to the activity.
Synthesis of Substituted Benzyl Homo‐C‐Ribonucleosides and ‐Nucleotides as Carba Analogues of Phosphoribosylanthranilate
Authors: Kubelka Tomáš , Slavětínská Lenka , Hocek Michal 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNew 2‐substituted benzyl C‐ribonucleosides and ‐nucleotides were designed as carba analogues of phosphoribosylanthranilate, a key intermediate in tryptophan biosynthesis. The synthesis was based on the preparation of TBS‐protected 2‐bromobenzyl C‐ribonucleoside 4a by addition of (2‐bromobenzyl)magnesium bromide to ribonolactone followed by reduction and subsequent functional group transformations. Pd‐catalyzed hydrogenation, cross‐couplings, amination or hydroxylation, as well as lithiation followed by reaction with CO2 and amidations, gave a large series of 2‐alkyl‐, 2‐(het)aryl, 2‐amino, 2‐hydroxy, 2‐carboxy and 2‐carbamoyl derivatives that were deprotected to afford free homo‐C‐ribonucleosides. Some of the title nucleosides were converted to 5′‐O‐phosphates.
Distribution and sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Southern California Bight
Authors: Dodder Nathan G. , Maruya Keith A. , Lauenstein Gunnar G. , Ramirez Juan , Ritter Kerry J. , Schiff Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in surface sediments from 121 locations within the Southern California Bight. Site selection was based on a probabilistic approach to determine the spatial extent and magnitude of PBDE concentrations with known confidence intervals. Coastal embayments (including estuaries, marinas, ports, and bays) and the continental shelf out to the lower slope were sampled. Thirteen PBDEs were detected at 92 of the sites, with a geometric mean and maximum of 4.7 and 560 ng/g dry weight (sum of 13 congeners), respectively. The PBDE concentrations were higher in coastal embayments than in offshore locations. Embayments had an area-weighted geometric mean total PBDE concentration of 12 (95% confidence interval, 8.0–17) ng/g dry weight and a total PBDE mass of 110 (77–160) kg. The offshore stratum, which is 99% of the total area, had an area-weighted geometric mean total PBDE concentration of 2.0 (1.6–2.5) ng/g dry weight and a total PBDE mass of 860 (700–1,100) kg. The five highest PBDE concentrations were associated with the mouths of urban rivers, indicating that urban runoff is likely a major input of PBDEs to these coastal marine waters. The outfalls of wastewater treatment plants were not observed to be major sources. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2239–2245. © 2012 SETAC
Acute exposure to DE-71: Effects on locomotor behavior and developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Chen Lianguo , Huang Changjiang , Hu Chenyan , Yu Ke , Yang Lihua , Zhou Bingsheng 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in zebrafish larvae. From 2 to 120 h postfertilization zebrafish embryos were exposed to DE-71 (0, 31.0, 68.7, and 227.6 µg/L). The authors studied the locomotor behavior of larvae, involvement of the cholinergic system, and selected gene and protein expressions in the central nervous system. The results showed that low DE-71 concentration caused hyperactivity, whereas higher concentrations decreased activity during the dark period. During the light period, larval activity was significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. In the cholinergic system, acetylcholinesterase activity significantly increased (10.7 and 12.4%) in the 68.7 and 227.6 µg/L exposure groups, respectively, and acetylcholine concentration accordingly decreased (60.5%) in the 227.6 µg/L exposure group. The mRNA expressions of genes encoding myelin basic protein, neuron microtubule protein (α1-tubulin), and sonic hedgehog a were significantly downregulated. Western blotting assay demonstrated that the protein concentration of α1-tubulin was also decreased. Overall, the present study demonstrated that acute exposure to PBDEs can disrupt the neurobehavior of zebrafish larvae and affect cholinergic neurotransmission and neuron development. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2338–2344. © 2012 SETAC
Insights into cancer metastasis from a clinicopathologic perspective: Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition is not a necessary step
Authors: Chui Michael Herman 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEpithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated as the critical event initiating cancer invasion and metastasis. After disseminating through the circulation, the malignant cells have been proposed to undergo subsequent mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET) to form secondary tumors. However, strong evidence from human tumor specimens for this paradigm is lacking. In carcinomas, cancers derived from epithelial tissues, epithelial morphology and gene expression are always retained to some degree. While mesenchymal transdifferentiation may be involved in the pathogenesis of carcinosarcomas, even in these neoplasms, as well as in germ cell tumors capable of multilineage differentiation, the mesenchymal phenotype does not facilitate metastatic progression. Indeed, most cancers invade and travel through lymphatic and blood vessels via cohesive epithelial migration, rather than going through the EMT‐MET sequence. EMT gene expression is also consistently associated with high histologic grade and while the transcription factors, Snail, Slug and Twist have traditionally been thought of as inducers of EMT, under certain conditions, they also mediate dedifferentiation and maintenance of the stem cell state. In various malignancies, including basal‐like breast cancer and colorectal cancer, the genetically unstable, undifferentiated phenotype predicts early metastatic spread and poor prognosis. This article discusses some of the controversies surrounding differentiation and metastasis from a clinicopathologic perspective and presents evidence that the epithelial phenotype is maintained throughout the process of cancer metastasis.
Gene‐expression signature of tumor recurrence in patients with stage II and III colon cancer treated with 5′fluoruracil‐based adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Giráldez María Dolores , Lozano Juan José , Cuatrecasas Míriam , Alonso‐Espinaco Virginia , Maurel Joan , Mármol Maribel , Hörndler Carlos , Ortego Javier , Alonso Vicente , Escudero Pilar , Ramírez Gina , Petry Christoph , LaSalvia Luis , Bohmann Kerstin , Wirtz Ralph , Mira Aurea , Castells Antoni 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAlthough receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery, a disappointing proportion of patients with colorectal cancer will develop tumor recurrence. Probability of relapse is currently predicted from pathological staging, there being a need for additional markers to further select high‐risk patients. This study was aimed to identify a gene‐expression signature to predict tumor recurrence in patients with Stages II and III colon cancer treated with 5′fluoruracil (5FU)‐based adjuvant chemotherapy. Two‐hundred and twenty‐eight patients diagnosed with Stages II–III colon cancer and treated with surgical resection and 5FU‐based adjuvant chemotherapy were included. RNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples and expression of 27 selected candidate genes was analyzed by RT‐qPCR. A tumor recurrence predicting model, including clinico‐pathological variables and gene‐expression profiling, was developed by Cox regression analysis and validated by bootstrapping. The regression analysis identified tumor stage and S100A2 and S100A10 gene expression as independently associated with tumor recurrence. The risk score derived from this model was able to discriminate two groups with a highly significant different probability of tumor recurrence (HR, 2.75; 95%CI, 1.71–4.39; p = 0.0001), which it was maintained when patients were stratified according to tumor stage. The algorithm was also able to distinguish two groups with different overall survival (HR, 2.68; 95%CI, 1.12–6.42; p = 0.03). Identification of a new gene‐expression signature associated with a high probability of tumor recurrence in patients with Stages II and III colon cancer receiving adjuvant 5FU‐based chemotherapy, and its combination in a robust, easy‐to‐use and reliable algorithm may contribute to tailor treatment and surveillance strategies.
ARE THE CURRENT ACCOUNT IMBALANCES BETWEEN EMU COUNTRIES SUSTAINABLE? EVIDENCE FROM PARAMETRIC AND NON‐PARAMETRIC TESTS
Authors: Schoder Christian , Proaño Christian R. , Semmler Willi 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYUsing parametric and non‐parametric estimation techniques, we analyze the sustainability of the recently growing current account imbalances in the euro area and test whether the European Monetary Union has aggravated these imbalances. Two alternative criteria for the assessment of external debt sustainability are considered: one based on the transversality condition of intertemporal optimization, and the other based on the stationarity properties of the stochastic process of the debt–GDP ratio. Econometric sustainability tests are performed using the pooled mean‐group estimator and panel unit root tests, respectively. Variants of both test procedures with varying coefficients using penalized splines estimation are applied. We find empirical evidence suggesting that the introduction of the euro is associated with a regime shift from sustainability to unsustainability of external debt accumulation for the euro area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BENEFIT DURATION, UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION AND JOB MATCH QUALITY: A REGRESSION‐DISCONTINUITY APPROACH
Authors: Caliendo Marco , Tatsiramos Konstantinos , Uhlendorff Arne 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYWe use a sharp discontinuity in the maximum duration of benefit entitlement to identify the effect of extended benefit duration on unemployment duration and post‐unemployment outcomes (employment stability and re‐employment wages). We address dynamic selection, which may arise even under an initially random assignment to treatment, estimating a bivariate discrete‐time hazard model jointly with a wage equation and correlated unobservables. Owing to the non‐stationarity of job search behavior, we find heterogeneous effects of extended benefit duration on the re‐employment hazard and on job match quality. Our results suggest that the unemployed who find a job close to and after benefit exhaustion experience less stable employment patterns and receive lower re‐employment wages compared to their counterparts who receive extended benefits and exit unemployment in the same period. These results are found to be significant for men but not for women. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some basic boundary value problems of the plane thermoelasticity with microtemperatures
Authors: Bitsadze L. , Jaiani George 
Published: July 2012

The present paper is devoted to the two‐dimensional version of statics of the linear theory of elastic materials with inner structure whose particles, in addition to the classical displacement and temperature fields, possess microtemperatures. Some results of the classical theories of elasticity and thermoelasticity are generalized. The Green's formulas in the case under consideration are obtained, basic boundary value problems are formulated, and uniqueness theorems are proved. The fundamental matrix of solutions for the governing system of the model and the corresponding single and double layer thermoelastopotentials are constructed. Properties of the potentials are studied. Applying the potential method, for the first and second boundary value problems, we construct singular integral equations of the second kind and prove the existence theorems of solutions for the bounded and unbounded domains.This paper describes the use of the LaTeX2ϵ  mmaauth.cls class file for setting papers for Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on low‐strain integrity testing of pipe‐pile using the elastodynamic finite integration technique
Authors: Lu Zhi Tang , Wang Zhi Liang , Liu Dong Jia 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis study focuses on the three‐dimensional (3‐D) characteristics of wave propagation in pipe‐pile using elastodynamic finite integration technique. First, a real 3‐D pile‐soil model in cylindrical coordinate system is presented. Then, the governing equations are established. With the boundary and initial conditions, the numerical solution is obtained. The accuracy and feasibility of the self‐written code are further verified via comparing with the measured data. Velocity histories at different angles of pile top and pile tip are illustrated, and the snapshots reflecting the 3‐D characteristics of wave propagation are given. It shows that the interferences of Rayleigh waves can confuse the result interpretation for pile integrity testing. The increase of hammer contact time can effectively mitigate the interferences, and the interferences of Rayleigh waves are weakest at an angle of 90° from where hammer hits. Besides, surrounding soil can partly mitigate the wave interferences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Three‐Layer architectural pattern applied to plug‐in‐based architectures: the Eclipse case
Authors: Ameller David , Collell Oriol , Franch Xavier 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThe process of designing a software architecture using different kinds of components is often challenging. Different designs support some quality attributes while damaging others; therefore, trade‐off analysis is needed to make informed decisions. Moreover, analysis made in theory needs to be complemented with observations in practice, especially when using a particular set of technologies to implement the system. In this paper, we present a particular instance of this problem. We study how the Three‐Layer architectural pattern may be developed using plug‐ins. We compare two extreme alternatives according to several representative scenarios and their impact in some quality attributes. Then, we apply this theoretical knowledge to a case study, the implementation of a plug‐in‐based tool for managing architectural knowledge using Eclipse. We report some unexpected difficulties found that forced us to adapt the theoretical solution into an operative architecture. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inverted sfermion mass hierarchy and the Higgs boson mass in the MSSM
Authors: Badziak Marcin , Dudas Emilian , Olechowski Marek , Pokorski Stefan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

It is shown that MSSM with first two generations of squarks and sleptons much heavier than the third one naturally predicts the maximal stop mixing as a consequence of the RG evolution, with vanishing (or small) trilinear coupling at the high scale. The Higgs boson is generically heavy, in the vicinity of 125 GeV. In this inverted hierarchy scenario, motivated by the supersymmetric FCNC problem and models for fermion masses based on horizontal symmetries, the mass of the lightest stop is O(0.5) TeV and of gluino - O(2 − 3) TeV. The LSP can be either higgsino or bino or a mixture of both and it can be a good dark matter candidate.