bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐Diketiminate Gallium Amides: Useful Synthons in Gallium Chemistry
Authors: Solis‐Ibarra Diego , Gómora‐Figueroa A. Paulina , Zavala‐Segovia Nieves , Jancik Vojtech 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe facile preparation of β‐diketiminate gallium amides with general formulas of either LGa(NHR)2 {L = [HC{C(Me)N(Ar)}2]–, Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3; R = Et (1), iPr (2), nBu (3), Ph (4)} or LGa(NHR)Cl [R = tBu (5); Et (6)] was accomplished by the reaction of LGaCl2 with the lithium salt of the corresponding amine in 1:2 (1–4) or 1:1 (5, 6) molar ratios. Compounds 1–6 are useful synthons for further synthesis, as the amide substituents are excellent leaving groups, and the resulting amines can be cleanly and easily removed from the reaction matrix. To demonstrate this, compounds 1 and 5 were treated with ethanol, leading to the alcoholysis products LGa(OEt)2 (8) and LGa(OEt)Cl (9), respectively. Furthermore, LGa(OH)2 can be obtained in an almost quantitative yield from thehydrolysis of compounds 1–4. Additionally, the aluminum analogue of 1 ― LAl(NHEt)2 (7) ― was obtained to prove that the method is also suitable for other metals. Compounds 1–9 were characterized by common spectroscopic methods, and compounds 1–8 were also characterized by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Radical Addition of Ethers to Terminal Alkynes with High E‐Selectivity
Authors: Chen Zili , Zhang Yu‐Xin , An Yan , Song Xin‐Li , Wang Ya‐Hui , Zhu Li‐Li , Guo Lin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDirect radical additions of ethers to terminal alkynes were investigated by using Me2Zn/O2 as radical initiator to afford 2‐vinyl ether derivatives with high E‐selectivity, while reversed E/Z selectivity is obtained with Et3B/O2. Two competitive pathways are suggested for the formation of vinyl radical B: zinc‐radical exchange (route a) followed by protonation provides E‐configuration products exclusively through Zn(II) complexation. Hydrogen abstraction by vinyl radicals (route b) yields mainly Z isomers.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A compact and high‐resolution version of a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector
Authors: Francisco Kelliton José Mendonça , do Lago Claudimir Lucio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn all‐in‐one version of a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector is introduced. The absence of moving parts (potentiometers and connectors) makes it compact (6.5 cm3) and robust. A local oscillator, working at 1.1 MHz, was optimized to use capillaries of id from 20 to 100 μm. Low noise circuitry and a high‐resolution analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) (21 bits effective) grant good sensitivities for capillaries and background electrolytes currently used in capillary electrophoresis. The fixed frequency and amplitude of the signal generator is a drawback that is compensated by the steady calibration curves for conductivity. Another advantage is the possibility of determining the inner diameter of a capillary by reading the ADC when air and subsequently water flow through the capillary. The difference of ADC reading may be converted into the inner diameter by a calibration curve. This feature is granted by the 21‐bit ADC, which eliminates the necessity of baseline compensation by hardware. In a typical application, the limits of detection based on the 3σ criterion (without baseline filtering) were 0.6, 0.4, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 μmol/L for K+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, and Li+, respectively, which is comparable to other high‐quality implementations of a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector.
Prediction of spatially distributed seismic demands in specific structures: Ground motion and structural response
Authors: Bradley Brendon A. , Dhakal Rajesh P. , MacRae Gregory A. , Cubrinovski Misko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of various ground motion intensity measures (IMs) in the prediction of spatially distributed seismic demands (engineering demand parameters, (EDPs)) within a structure is investigated. This has direct implications to building‐specific seismic loss estimation, where the seismic demand on different components is dependent on the location of the component in the structure. Several common IMs are investigated in terms of their ability to predict the spatially distributed demands in a 10‐storey office building, which is measured in terms of maximum interstorey drift ratios and maximum floor accelerations. It is found that the ability of an IM to efficiently predict a specific EDP depends on the similarity between the frequency range of the ground motion that controls the IM and that of the EDP. An IMs predictability has a direct effect on the median response demands for ground motions scaled to a specified probability of exceedance from a ground motion hazard curve. All of the IMs investigated were found to be insufficient with respect to at least one of magnitude, source‐to‐site distance, or epsilon when predicting all peak interstorey drifts and peak floor accelerations in a 10‐storey reinforced concrete frame structure. Careful ground motion selection and/or seismic demand modification is therefore required to predict such a spatially distributed demands without significant bias. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive IMRT plus weekly cisplatin for advanced head and neck cancer: The University of Wisconsin experience
Authors: Traynor Anne M. , Richards Gregory M. , Hartig Gregory K. , Khuntia Deepak , Cleary James F. , Wiederholt Peggy A. , Bentzen Søren M. , Harari Paul M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground.We retrospectively examined the treatment efficacy and toxicity profile of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus concurrent weekly cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Methods.A total of 57 patients with stage III or IV HNSCC were treated with IMRT and concurrent weekly cisplatin (dosed at 30 mg/m2) between November 2001 and May 2007. The median prescription dose to the gross tumor volume was 70 Gy (using 2.0–2.2 Gy daily fractions).Results.In‐field tumor control at 2 years was 89.1%, locoregional control was 85.5%, and overall survival was 86.9%. The median radiation dose delivered was 70 Gy. The mean dose intensity of cisplatin administered was 25.7 mg/m2/week.Conclusion.Comprehensive head and neck IMRT to 70 Gy delivered with weekly cisplatin chemotherapy (30 mg/m2) is feasible and generally well tolerated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
A comparison of pre‐ and post‐remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado
Authors: Runkel Robert L. , Bencala Kenneth E. , Kimball Briant A. , Walton‐Day Katherine , Verplanck Philip L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPre‐ and post‐remediation data sets are used herein to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures implemented in the headwaters of the Mineral Creek watershed, where contamination from hard rock mining has led to elevated metal concentrations and acidic pH. Collection of pre‐ and post‐remediation data sets generally followed the synoptic mass balance approach, in which numerous stream and inflow locations are sampled for the constituents of interest and estimates of streamflow are determined by tracer dilution. The comparison of pre‐ and post‐remediation data sets is confounded by hydrologic effects and the effects of temporal variation. Hydrologic effects arise due to the relatively wet conditions that preceded the collection of pre‐remediation data, and the relatively dry conditions associated with the post‐remediation data set. This difference leads to a dilution effect in the upper part of the study reach, where pre‐remediation concentrations were diluted by rainfall, and a source area effect in the lower part of the study reach, where a smaller portion of the watershed may have been contributing constituent mass during the drier post‐remediation period. A second confounding factor, temporal variability, violates the steady‐state assumption that underlies the synoptic mass balance approach, leading to false identification of constituent sources and sinks. Despite these complications, remedial actions completed in the Mineral Creek headwaters appear to have led to improvements in stream water quality, as post‐remediation profiles of instream load are consistently lower than the pre‐remediation profiles over the entire study reach for six of the eight constituents considered (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc). Concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc remain above chronic aquatic‐life standards, however, and additional remedial actions may be needed. Future implementations of the synoptic mass balance approach should be preceded by an assessment of temporal variability, and modifications to the synoptic sampling protocol should be made if necessary. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting of plasmid DNA‐lipoplexes to cells with molecules anchored via a metal chelator lipid
Authors: Herringson Thomas P. , Patlolla Ram R. , Altin Joseph G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to deliver plasmid DNA (pDNA) to specific cellsin vivois crucial for achieving efficient targeted transfection with nonviral vectors. We previously used stealth liposomes containing the chelator lipid 3(nitrilotriacetic acid)‐ditetradecylamine (NTA3‐DTDA) to target delivery of antigen and cytokines to immune cellsin vivo. In the present study, we utilized liposomes containing NTA3‐DTDA and the ionizable aminolipid 1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐dimethyl‐ammonium‐propane (DODAP) to incorporate pDNA into complexes for targeting to cells.MethodsLiposomes containing DODAP, NTA3‐DTDA and helper lipids were acidified (pH 5.5) and mixed with pDNA to form complexes. These lipoplexes were neutralized and engrafted with His‐tagged molecules for targeting to extracellular receptors. Targeted transfection efficiency was assessed using the enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene.ResultsInitial transfections of HEK‐293 cells using a His‐tagged peptide (T2) related to the Arg‐rich motif of HIV‐1 TAT protein resulted in a low transfection efficiency (<2.5%). Optimization of the lipid formulation and use of an endosome‐destabilizing peptide and inhibitor of DNase II, increased transfection approximately 20‐fold. These lipoplexes are approximately 250 nm in diameter, and transfection efficiencies were: approximately 50% for HEK‐293 cells targeted with lipoplexes containing pEGFP‐N1 and engrafted with T2, and 30–40% for HepG2 cells targeted with lipoplexes engrafted with a peptide specific for the VEGF receptor Flt‐1.ConclusionsThe results show that DODAP‐containing lipoplexes incorporating NTA3‐DTDA enable the engraftment of targeting molecules and the effective targeting of pDNA to cells in serum‐containing media, resulting in efficient transgene expression. The strategy may provide a convenient approach for targeting pDNA to cellsin vivoin therapeutic applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retrievable vena cava filters: A clinical review
Authors: Tschoe Marianne , Kim Hyun S. , Brotman Daniel J. , Streiff Michael B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVena cava filters were developed as a method of preventing pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) at risk for bleeding from therapeutic anticoagulation. However, the long‐term complications of filter placement, such as caval thrombosis, have mitigated some of the benefits, particularly in those patients with only a temporary contraindication to anticoagulation. Retrievable filters were designed to avoid the long‐term risks of a permanent filter while still providing short‐term protection against PE. As a result, their use has expanded from patients with known thrombosis to those without VTE who are at high risk for developing PE. In this review, we discuss the different types of retrievable filters, indications for their placement, complications that can occur during and after placement, and their use as prophylaxis in surgical patients. Although the use of retrievable filters in patients with known VTE is clear, further studies are needed to establish their prophylactic efficacy in the surgical patient. Until this evidence is available, we recommend that retrievable filters should be used only in patients with acute VTE who are at risk for recurrent thromboembolism and have a transient risk for bleeding. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:441–448. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: Have new therapeutics made a difference?
Authors: Whelan Chad T. , Kaboli Peter , Zhang Qi , Siddique Juned , Ye Siqin , Meltzer David O. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:To explore the distribution of etiologies and risk factors of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGH) in the context of new pharmacologic therapies that may alter the risk of UGH.METHODS:Retrospective study performed on eligible UGH inpatients at 2 academic medical centers, between July 1, 2001 and June 30, 2003. Administrative data and chart review were used to identify demographics, UGH risk factors, and UGH etiologies. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to describe distributions and associations of risk factors and etiologies.RESULTS:UGH was identified in 227 subjects, with ED (n = 99; 44%), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (n = 75; 33%), and variceal bleeds (n = 39; 17%) accounting for the majority of bleeds. Known risk factors for UGH occurred in 70% (n = 156) of subjects (prior UGH 43% [n = 90], nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use 23% [n = 52], aspirin [ASA] use 25% [n = 57], NSAID + ASA use 6.6% [n = 15]), while 19% (n = 42) were using a proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) and 5% (n = 11) a cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor. Subjects at site 1 were more likely to have ED (odds ratio [OR], 7.1; P < 0.001) and less likely to have variceal bleeding (OR, 0.12; P = 0.009) in multivariate analyses. Preventive therapy did not differ between sites.CONCLUSIONS:Unlike older studies, PUD was not the most common etiology, suggesting that advances in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication may affect the epidemiology of UGH. Despite advances in therapeutics of acid‐related disease, ED accounted for the majority of UGH. Most subjects had risk factors for UGH and most were not receiving protective therapy. Large between site‐differences in the distribution of etiologies existed. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E6–E10. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Trends in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in the United States
Authors: Kneeland Patrick P. , Fang Margaret C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:There are few data on the use of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in the United States. We analyzed data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) to examine trends in the rate of catheter ablation for hospitalized patients with AF over a 15‐year period.OBJECTIVE:To examine rates of catheter ablation in patients with AF over time.DESIGN:All adult patients in the NHDS with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) code for AF from the years 1990 to 2005 were identified and assessed for the presence of a cardiac catheter ablation procedure code. Clinical characteristics associated with ablation were identified and multivariable logistic regression used to determine trends in the rate of ablation therapy over time.RESULTS:We identified 269,471 adults with AF. The rate of catheter ablation in AF patients increased from 0.06% in 1990 to 0.79% in 2005 (P < 0.001 for trend). Compared to those not undergoing ablation, ablated patients were younger (mean age 66 versus 76 years; P < 0.001), more likely to be male (57% versus 43%; P < 0.001), have private insurance (22% versus 11%; P < 0.001), and have a none of the following stroke risk factors: congestive heart failure, hypertension, age >75 years, diabetes mellitus, or stroke/transient ischemic attack (37% versus 16%; P < 0.001). Catheter ablation in AF patients increased by 15% per year over the time period (95% confidence interval [CI], 13%‐16%) and across all age groups, including in patients age ≥80 years (0.0% in 1990 and 0.26% in 2005; P < 0.001 for trend).CONCLUSIONS:The rate of catheter ablation in patients with AF is increasing significantly over time, even in the oldest patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E1–E5. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Improving internal medicine residents' performance, knowledge, and confidence in central venous catheterization using simulators
Authors: Millington Scott J. , Wong Roger Y. , Kassen Barry O. , Roberts James M. , Ma Irene W.Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Efficacy of simulators in teaching central venous catheterization (CVC) in an internal medicine residency program is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether or not learning CVC on simulators is associated with improvement in performance of CVC, knowledge about the procedure, and self‐reported confidence.METHODS:All consenting first‐year internal medicine residents who completed training in CVC on simulators were included. Participants were evaluated pre‐ and post‐training by video‐recorded CVC insertion and multiple‐choice knowledge assessments. Procedural technique was rated in a blinded fashion by two independent adjudicators. Knowledge retention and self‐reported confidence were reassessed at 18 months.MEASUREMENTS:Primary outcome of CVC performance was assessed based on global rating score (minimum 1, maximum 5). Secondary measures include checklist score (out of ten), knowledge score and self‐reported confidence (6‐point Likert scale ranging from “none” to “complete”).RESULTS:Median global rating scores in 30 participants increased from 3.5 (IQR = 3‐4) to 4.5 (IQR = 4‐4.5) (P < 0.001). Checklist score increased from 9 (IQR = 6‐9.5) to 9.5 (IQR = 9‐9.5) (P < 0.001). Knowledge score increased from 65.7 ± 11.9% to 81.2 ± 10.7% (P < 0.001). Confidence increased from 3 (“moderate”, IQR = 2‐3) to 4 (“good”, IQR=3‐4) (P < 0.001). Sixteen participants completed the retention tests. Improvement in knowledge score and confidence at 18 months was retained compared with baseline (P = 0.002 and P < 0.0001 respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Use of simulators in teaching CVC in an internal medicine residency program results in improved procedural performance, knowledge, and self‐reported confidence. Improvement in knowledge and confidence was retained at 18 months. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:410–416. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Joint capsule mast cells and neuropeptides are increased within four weeks of injury and remain elevated in chronic stages of posttraumatic contractures
Authors: Hildebrand Kevin A. , Zhang Mei , Hart David A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPaul T. Salo, a contributor to this article, was mistakenly omitted from the list of authors. He should have been the third author with the same affiliation as the other three authors. The publisher regrets this error.The article to which this Erratum refers was published in the October 2008 issue, pages 1313–1319.
Titanium dioxide synthesized using titanium chloride: size effect study using Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev K. , Desai Rucha , Jha Prafulla K. , Sahoo Satyaprakash , Kirin D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanocrystals were prepared by the wet chemical method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman scattering (RS) and photoluminescence techniques. The XRD pattern shows the formation of single phase anatase structure of average sizes ∼7 nm (sample A) and ∼15 nm (sample B) for two samples. Additionally, TEM and RS were used to confirm the anatase crystal structure for both samples. The PL spectra show that the intensity of the sample A is more than that of sample B, which has been attributed to defect(s) and particle size variation. A modified phonon confinement model incorporating particle size distribution function and averaged dispersion curves for two most dispersive phonon branch (Γ‐X direction) have been used to interpret the size effect in Raman spectra. The obtained Raman peak shift and full width at half‐maximum agree well with the experimental data. Our observations suggest that the phonon confinement effects are responsible for a significant shift and broadening for the Raman peaks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of breast MRI on surgical decision‐making: Are patients at risk for mastectomy?
Authors: Pettit Kelli , Swatske Mary Ellen , Gao Feng , Salavaggione Lorena , Gillanders William E. , Aft Rebecca L. , Monsees Barbara S. , Eberlein Timothy J. , Margenthaler Julie A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe goal of the current study was to determine whether MRI impacts multidisciplinary treatment planning and if it leads to increased mastectomy rates.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of 441 patients treated for breast cancer between January 2005 and May 2008 who underwent breast MRI. Data included number of additional findings and their imaging and pathologic work‐up. This was analyzed to determine impact of MRI on treatment planning.ResultsOf 441 patients, 45% had ≥1 additional finding on MRI. Of 410 patients with complete records, 29% had changes in the treatment plan, including 36 patients who were initially considered for breast conservation but proceeded directly to mastectomy based on MRI findings of suspected multicentricity. Twenty‐three of those patients did not have a biopsy of the MRI lesion, with 87% having unicentric disease on final pathology. Overall, the mastectomy rate was 44%, which was significantly increased compared to patients not undergoing MRI (32%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsBreast MRI alters the treatment planning for many patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Mastectomy rates are increased when MRI results alone direct surgical planning. Biopsy of MRI‐identified lesions should be performed to avoid over‐treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:553–558. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heritability of depressive symptoms: a case study using a multilevel approach
Authors: Byers Amy L. , Levy Becca R. , Kasl Stanislav V. , Bruce Martha L. , Allore Heather G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe present a case study using a multilevel modeling approach to determine whether depressive symptoms are affected by genetic factors. Existing studies examining this question have focused on twins. The present study built on the literature by conducting a preliminary study of the heritability of depressive symptoms within extended families. At the same time, this study assessed the need for adjustment of a heritability measure in a family study using a multigenerational sample. The sample consisted of 230 community‐dwelling extended families that included 431 adult offspring, comprising full siblings, half siblings and cousins that participated in the University of Southern California Longitudinal Study of Generations. All participants filled out the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale. The multilevel analysis allowed us to model the natural hierarchy of the extended family. Results indicate that the proportion of the phenotypic variance for CES‐D that occurs due to genetic differences is not significantly larger than zero among these participants [h2 = 8.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0–57%, p = 0.71]. Our findings suggest that future studies examining depressive symptoms in this sample can focus on non‐genetic explanatory factors without the necessity to control for genetic variation. However, our study may be limited by measurement of prevalent depressive symptoms, which may not generalize to lifetime depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.