bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of goal orientation in leadership development
Authors: DeGeest David , Brown Kenneth G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGoal‐orientation theory and research offer a lens to better understand the mechanisms of experiential learning in developmental assignments for managers. This study presents a research model that depicts how goal orientations influence the development of leadership skills from experience. The model indicates how individual and situational characteristics interact and influence managers' learning outcomes. By extension, the model proposes how situations could be altered to increase how much managers learn from work experiences. Future research directions on experiential learning as part of management development are also proposed.
NIR spectroscopic imaging to map hemoglobin + myoglobin oxygenation, their concentration and optical pathlength across a beating pig heart during surgery
Authors: Gussakovsky Eugene , Yang Yanmin , Rendell John , Jilkina Olga , Kupriyanov Valery 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopic imaging can provide spatial distribution (maps) of the absolute concentration of hemoglobin + myoglobin, oxygen saturation parameter and optical pathlength, reporting on the biochemico‐physiological status of a beating heart in vivo. The method is based on processing the NIR spectroscopic images employing a first‐derivative approach. Blood‐pressure‐controlled gating compensated the effect of heart motion on the imaging. All the maps are available simultaneously and noninvasively at a spatial resolution in the submillimeter range and can be obtained in a couple of minutes. The equipment has no mechanical contact with the tissue, thereby leaving the heart unaffected during the measurement. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two new phospholipase D isoforms of Loxosceles laeta: Cloning, heterologous expression, functional characterization, and potential biotechnological application
Authors: Catalán A , Cortes W , Sagua H , González J , Araya J. E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractToxin phospholipases‐D present in the venom of Loxosceles spiders is the principal responsible for local and systemic effects observed in the loxoscelism. In this study, we describe the cloning, expression, functional evaluation, and potential biotechnological application of cDNAs, which code for two new phospholipase D isoforms, LIPLD1 and LIPLD2, of the spider Loxosceles laeta. The recombinant protein rLIPLD1 had hydrolytic activity on sphingomyelin and in vitro hemolytic activity on human red blood cells, whereas rLIPLD2 was inactive. The purified recombinant proteins and the venom are recognized by polyclonal anti‐rLIPLD1 and rLIPLD2 sera produced in animals and conferred immunoprotection against the venom. These new isoforms reinforce the importance of the multigene family of phospholipases‐D present in Loxosceles spiders. A highly immunogenic inactive isoform such as rLIPLD2 raises important expectation for its use as a potential immunogenic inducer of the immunoprotective response to the toxic action of the venom of Loxosceles laeta. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:393–403 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20399
A Convenient Method to Produce Close‐ and Non‐close‐Packed Monolayers using Direct Assembly at the Air–Water Interface and Subsequent Plasma‐Induced Size Reduction
Authors: Vogel Nicolas , Goerres Sebastian , Landfester Katharina , Weiss Clemens K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn extremely facile approach to produce close‐packed colloidal monolayers over large areas using direct assembly at the air–water interface is presented. The influence of small amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as well as the influence of the pH value of the subphase on the quality of the resulting monolayer is investigated. It is found that small amounts of SDS at the interface influence capillary forces and form a soft barrier that facilitates the crystallization process. Increased electrostatic repulsion arising from a higher pH of the subphase induced a higher order using carboxylic acid functionalized particles. The deposited close‐packed monolayers were subjected to plasma treatment in order to shrink the colloids and produce non‐close packed monolayers with lattice spacing and symmetry reflecting the order of the initial close‐packed monolayer. A detailed examination of etching conditions and their influence on the shrinkage of the particles was performed, including effects of plasma power, composition, flow rates as well as polymeric‐ and substrate material. The monolayers exhibit vivid coloration, which is determined by their size and packing density. UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the change of monolayer color during the size reduction of the individual particles. A simple theoretical model was elaborated to explain the optical properties. Finally, the non‐close‐packed monolayers were used as masks to produce gold nanostructures to exemplify the versatility of the monolayer architectures in nanosphere lithography. magnified image
Thermoresponsive Behavior of Mixtures of Epoxy Functionalized Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate Copolymers
Authors: París Rodrigo , Liras Marta , Quijada‐Garrido Isabel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThermoresponsive random copolymers based on 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEG8‐9MA) are synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In a second step, they are used as macroinitiators for the ATRP of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), introducing a short end‐block with epoxy functionalities that allows the connection of the thermoresponsive polymers to a variety of molecules, surfaces, or particles. The resulting epoxy functionalized terpolymers exhibit lower critical solution temperatures (LCST), which can be adjusted by changing the feed monomer ratio of MEO2MA and OEG8‐9MA. Binary blends show one or two cloud points depending on the blend composition. A model for the polymer collapse in one mixed particle or in two different particles as function of composition is proposed. magnified image
Inclusion and exclusion criteria for DBS in dystonia
Authors: Bronte‐Stewart Helen , Taira Takaomi , Valldeoriola Francesc , Merello Marcello , Marks William J. , Albanese Alberto , Bressman Susan , Moro and Elena 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWhen considering a patient with dystonia for deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery several factors need to be considered. Level B evidence has shown that all motor features and associated pain in primary generalized and segmental dystonia are potentially responsive to globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS. However, improvements in clinical series of ≥90% may reflect methods that need improvement, and larger prospective studies are needed to address these factors. Nevertheless, to date the selection criteria for DBS—specifically in terms of patient features (severity and nature of symptoms, age, time of evolution, or any other demographic or disease aspects)—have not been assessed in a systematic fashion. In general, dystonia patients are not considered for DBS unless medical therapies have been previously and extensively tested. The vast majority of reported patients have had DBS surgery when the disease was provoking important disability, with loss of independence and impaired quality of life. There does not appear to be an upper age limit or a minimum age limit, although there are no published data regarding the outcome of GPi DBS for dystonia in children younger than 7 years of age. There is currently no enough evidence to prove that subjects with primary‐generalized dystonia who undergo DBS at an early age and sooner rather than later after disease onset may gain more benefit from DBS than those undergoing DBS after the development of fixed skeletal deformities. There is no enough evidence to refuse or support consideration of DBS in patients with previous ablative procedures. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and quality of life issues in DBS for dystonia
Authors: Jahanshahi Marjan , Czernecki Virginie , Zurowski and Mateusz 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe review the impact of dystonia and its surgical treatment with deep brain stimulation (DBS) on cognitive function, psychiatric morbidity, and health‐related quality of life. The current evidence suggests that globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS does not cause cognitive decline in primary dystonia. However, we recommend general preoperative screening of cognition in patients with dystonia to evaluate baseline cognitive status and monitor for possible postoperative changes. Patients with mild to moderate depression appear to do well postoperatively; however, there are scant data about those with severe depression. This is particularly problematic given reports of postoperative suicide. Patients with tardive dystonia seem to do well post‐GPi DBS despite often having a history of depression or even having active severe depression. We make recommendations for screening and basic management strategies of patients identified as having a major psychiatric illness pre‐ or postoperatively. Quality of life in dystonia patients quantified by generic measures such as the SF36 showed improvement in both mental and physical categories following DBS surgery. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Resveratrol and health – A comprehensive review of human clinical trials
Authors: Smoliga James M. , Baur Joseph A. , Hausenblas Heather A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the past decade, the small polyphenol resveratrol has received widespread attention as either a potential therapy or as a preventive agent for numerous diseases. Studies using purified enzymes, cultured cells, and laboratory animals have suggested that resveratrol has anti‐aging, anti‐carcinogenic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐oxidant properties that might be relevant to chronic diseases and/or longevity in humans. Although the supporting research in laboratory models is quite substantial, only recently data has emerged to describe the effects of resveratrol supplementation on physiological responses in humans. The limited number of human clinical trials that are available has largely described various aspects of resveratrol's safety and bioavailability, reaching a consensus that it is generally well‐tolerated, but have poor bioavailability. Very few published human studies have explored the ability of resveratrol to achieve the physiological benefits that have been observed in laboratory models, although many clinical trials have recently been initiated. This review aims to examine the current state of knowledge on the effects of resveratrol on humans and to utilize this information to develop further guidelines for the implementation of human clinical trials.
Ga2O3 photocatalyzed on‐line tagging of cysteine to facilitate peptide mass fingerprinting
Authors: Qiao Liang , Su Fangzheng , Bi Hongyan , Girault Hubert H. , Liu Baohong 
Published: June 2011

Abstractβ‐Ga2O3 is a wide‐band‐gap semiconductor having strong oxidation ability under light irradiation. Herein, the steel target plates modified with β‐Ga2O3 nanoparticles have been developed to carry out in‐source photo‐catalytic oxidative reactions for online peptide tagging during laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) analysis. Under UV laser irradiation, β‐Ga2O3 can catalyze the photo‐oxidation of 2‐methoxyhydroquinone added to a sample mixture to 2‐methoxy benzoquinone that can further react with the thiol groups of cysteine residues by Michael addition reaction. The tagging process leads to appearance of pairs of peaks with an m/z shift of 138.1Th. This online labelling strategy is demonstrated to be sensitive and efficient with a detection‐limit at femtomole level. Using the strategy, the information on cysteine content in peptides can be obtained together with peptide mass, therefore constraining the database searching for an advanced identification of cysteine‐containing proteins from protein mixtures. The current peptide online tagging method can be important for specific analysis of cysteine‐containing proteins especially the low‐abundant ones that cannot be completely isolated from other high‐abundant non‐cysteine‐proteins.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,5‐furan dicarboxylate)s based on a variety of diols
Authors: Gomes Mónica , Gandini Alessandro , Silvestre Armando J. D. , Reis Bruno 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNovel polyesters from renewable resources based on 2,5‐dicarboxylic acid and several diols were synthesized and characterized using different polycondensation techniques. The aliphatic diols were sufficiently volatile to allow the use of polytransesterifications, which gave high‐molecular weight semicrystalline materials with good thermal stability. In particular, the polyester based on ethylene glycol displayed properties comparable with those of its aromatic counterpart, poly(ethylene terephthalate), namely, the most important industrial polyester. The use of isosorbide gave rise to amorphous polymers with very stiff chains and hence a high glass transition temperature and an enhanced thermal stability. The interfacial polycondensation between the acid dichloride and hydroquinone produced a semicrystalline material with features similar to those of entirely aromatic polyesters, characterized essentially by the absence of melting and poor solubility, both associated with their remarkable chain rigidity. The replacement of hydroquinone with the corresponding benzylic diol was sufficient to provide a more tractable polyester. This study provided ample evidence in favor of the exploitation of furan monomers as renewable alternatives to fossil‐based aromatic homologs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Magnetic properties and microstructural homogeneity in NdFeAl bulk metallic glasses
Authors: Ortega‐Zempoalteca R. , Valenzuela R. , Betancourt I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBulk metallic glasses of nominal composition Nd60Fe30Al10 were prepared by copper mold casting in the form of rods of 3 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length. Preparation conditions were varied to assess the effects of the injection distance and the injection pressure of the melt. In order to determine their microstructure, disk‐shaped samples were obtained from different cut zones along the axis rod. A non‐homogeneous phase distribution was observed, which resulted from the heat transfer regime during the cooling of the melt in the copper mold. As expected, the nature, distribution and volumetric fraction of the various phases produced play an important role on the resulting magnetic properties. Among the main observed phases are Fe‐rich rod‐like crystals, Nd‐rich dendritic crystals and a “like‐amorphous” matrix. The hard magnetic properties of these materials can be associated with this matrix. In these cooling regimes, the coercive field increases as the cooling rate of the amorphous matrix increases. Hysteresis loops showed a high degree of coupling between phases with different magnetic order. Both the coercive field and the magnetization showed a significant variation along the rod axis; a maximum appeared as a function of the axis length. In order to gather more information about the coupling between the observed phases, δM (or Henkel) plots were obtained, showing an exchange character for interactions (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analytical potential energy surface for the reaction with intermediate complexes NH3 + Cl → NH2 + HCl: Application to the kinetics study
Authors: MONGE‐PALACIOS M. , RANGEL C. , CORCHADO J. C. , Espinosa‐GarcÍA J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present for the first time an analytical potential energy surface (PES) for the reaction of hydrogen abstraction from ammonia by a chlorine atom. It has a very complicated shape with various maxima and minima. The functional form used in the development of the PES considered the stretching and bending nuclear motions, and the parameters in the calibration process were fitted to reproduce exclusively high‐level ab initio electronic structure calculations obtained at the CCSD(T) = FULL/aug‐cc‐pVTZ//CCSD(T) = FC/cc‐pVTZ single point level. Thus, the surface is completely symmetric with respect to the permutation of the three ammonia hydrogen atoms, and no experimental information is used in the process. The ab initio information used in the fit includes a wide spectrum of properties (equilibrium geometries, relative energies, and vibrational frequencies) of the reactants, products, saddle point, intermediate complexes in the entry and exit channels, points on the reaction path, and points on the reaction swath. By comparison with the reference results, we show that the resulting PES reproduces not only the ab initio data used in the fitting procedure but also other thermochemical and kinetics results computed at the same ab initio level, which were not used in the fit—equilibrium constants, rate constants, and kinetic isotope effects. This represents a severe test for the new surface. As a first application, we perform an extensive kinetics study using variational transition‐state theory with semiclassical transmission coefficients over a wide temperature range, 200–2000 K, on this analytical PES. The forward rate constants reproduce the sparse experimental measurements, while the reverse ones reproduce the change of activation energy with temperature reported in another theoretical study, although unfortunately there are no experimental data for comparison. Finally, we analyze the influence of the intermediate complexes and the spin–orbit correction on the kinetics results. In summary, these results indicate that the PES adequately describes this reaction, and the reasonable agreement with experiment lends further confidence to this new surface. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Zinc Deficiency in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenectomy for Periampullary Tumors Is Associated with Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency
Authors: Yu Hsin‐Hsien , Yang Ta‐Ming , Shan Yan‐Shen , Lin Pin‐Wen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and purposeThe present study was done to investigate the prevalence of zinc deficiency after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and its correlation with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.Materials and methodsPatients were included in this study if they had undergone PD for periampullary tumors without recurrence and had received follow‐up for more than 6 months between February 2006 and June 2007. Serum levels of zinc, fasting glucose, albumin, and iron were obtained. The pancreatic exocrine function was evaluated by a fecal elastase‐1 assay, stool fat assessment, and a pancreatic duct‐parenchymal ratio (DPR) at the L1 level using abdominal computed tomography (CT). The quality of life was estimated with a questionnaire of EORTC QLQ‐C30 and PAN26. All of these patients were then supplemented with oral pancreatic enzymes for 4 weeks to evaluate the effect of these enzymes on zinc deficiency.ResultsForty‐eight eligible patients, 27 men and 21 women, were included. The mean age was 61.3 ± 1.7 years. Thirty‐three (68%) patients had a zinc deficiency with a mean zinc level of 72.3 ± 2.9 mcg/dl (normal range: 80–120 mcg/dl). Patients with lower serum zinc levels tended to have typical presentations of zinc deficiency (P = 0.039, χ2). The serum zinc level was significantly negatively correlated with pancreatic duct diameter, DPR, and positive stool fat during the late follow‐up period. The most common presentations of patients with lower serum zinc levels were skin rash, photophobia, and glossitis. These gastrointestinal disorders, as well as symptoms of zinc deficiency, improved after pancreatic enzyme supplementation.ConclusionsZinc deficiency after PD was a common phenomenon and correlated with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.
Stent selection and tips on placement technique of EUS‐guided biliary drainage: transduodenal and transgastric stenting
Authors: Itoi Takao , Isayama Hiroyuki , Sofuni Atsushi , Itokawa Fumihide , Kurihara Toshio , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Tsuji Shujiro , Ishii Kentaro , Ikeuchi Nobuhito , Tanaka Reina , Umeda Junko , Moriyasu Fuminori , Kawakami Hiroshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasonography‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) has been carried out as an alternative to the percutaneous or surgical approach when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography fails. However, there is no standard technique or device for EUS‐BD. In this review, we focus on how we choose the stents and described our tips on this EUS‐BD technique. The plastic stent (PS) and the self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) are used for EUS‐BD. The latter is further divided into the fully covered SEMS (FCSEMS), partially covered SEMS (PCSEMS), and uncovered SEMS (UCSEMS) types. Although PS is not expensive, the duration of stent patency is short. SEMS is expensive but the duration of stent patency is long. With UCSEMS, basically there is no stent malpositioning; however, if the gap between the bile duct and the GI tract becomes displaced, bile leakage from the mesh of the stent is likely to occur. Though there is no bile leakage with FCSEMS, the side branch of the bile duct may become occluded, and migration and dislocation sometimes occur. PCSEMS is basically similar to FCSEMS. When EUS‐BD was first developed, drainage by PS was common, although reports on drainage by SEMS have increased recently.
Tiller hierarchy and defoliation frequency determine bud viability in the grass Poa ligularis
Authors: Busso C. A. , Gittins C. , Becker G. F. , Ghermandi L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBud viability after various defoliation frequency treatments was determined in the perennial bunchgrass Poa ligularis under arid field conditions from 2002 to 2005. Bud respiratory activity was examined on various stem base hierarchies using the tetrazolium test, as validated with the vital stain Evan's blue. The hypothesis of this work was that the total and viable axillary bud numbers on stem bases of all study stem base hierarchies are reduced as defoliation frequency increases. Interpretation of the results differed when they were expressed as a percentage rather than on a number per stem base basis. The total number of axillary buds per stem base was similar in all defoliation frequencies. When the results were expressed on a percentage basis, the order on stem bases having metabolically active buds was daughter tillers > stem bases with green tillers > stem bases without green tillers in all defoliation frequencies. The reverse order was found when considering dead buds. How the results are expressed thus deserves our attention when reporting results on bud viability in perennial grasses. An increased defoliation frequency increased the percentage of dead and dormant buds after the third or fourth defoliation of P. ligularis during the 1st study year. These percentages of bud viability, however, increased after the first defoliation during the 2nd study year. Bud viability was affected not only by the cumulative effects of defoliation but also by climatic variables throughout the seasons. However, our results show that P. ligularis can be defoliated up to twice a year without affecting bud viability, and thus its potential capacity for regrowth after defoliation.