bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity Impacts Diet Quality, Health-Promoting Activities, and Perceived Stress
Authors: Nagorny Katerina , Livshits Sarah , Bubis Sabrina , Chowdhury Ushima , Castillo Gabrielle , Valerius Alexis , Ifraimov Elliott 
Published: May 2024

Food insecurity, defined as inadequate access to nutritious food, affects over two billion people globally. Poor nutrition and stress associated with food insecurity may negatively impact the performance of health-promoting activities. It may also increase stress levels through irregular eating patterns and concern over accessing suffcient food. However, the impact of food insecurity on engagement in health-promoting activities, stress, and dietary factors has yet to be studied extensively. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing the impact of food insecurity on health-promoting activities, perceived stress, and diet quality. It is hypothesized that food insecurity will negatively impact perceived stress levels and the frequency of engagement in health-promoting activities. It also hypothesized that those who engage in these activities more frequently will have better diet quality. An anonymous survey was administered to adults through various social media platforms. The survey contained demographic questions and seven validated scales: the Food Insecurity Experience Scale, Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Effciency, and Duration (SATED) Questionnaire, Health Promoting Activities Scale, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Food Mood Questionnaire. These scales measured food insecurity status, sleep quality, frequency of health-promoting activities and self-care, self-esteem, perceived stress levels, physical activity, and dietary habits, respectively. Data from 561 individuals were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation Coeffcient in IBM SPSS Version 28.0. The results indicate that being unable to eat healthy and nutritious food was negatively associated with performing personal care tasks (r= -0.136, p< 0.01) and social activities (r= -0.146, p< 0.01). It was also found that having to skip a meal was positively associated with being upset when something happens unexpectedly (r= 0.218, p< 0.01) and feeling unable to control the important things in life (r= 0.242, p< 0.01). Further, performing personal care tasks was negatively associated with eating fast food (r= -0.120, p< 0.01) and positively associated with consuming dark green, leafy vegetables (r= 0.216, p< 0.01), whole grains (r= 0.195, p< 0.01), and fruit (r= 0.287, p< 0.01). Our results suggest that food insecurity can negatively impact mental well-being, diet quality, and health-promoting behaviors. Interventions aimed at improving food security, and therefore diet quality, may have benefits for improving overall health and well-being. No funding was provided to conduct this research study. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Temporal variations in immune and inflammatory markers following rodent juvenile traumatic brain injury
Authors: Smith Allie , Taylor Erin , Thompson Ashley , Dos Santos E Santos Christiano , Grayson Bernadette 
Published: May 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the juvenile population. TBI is associated with elevations in inflammatory signaling. However, the temporal changes in immune and inflammatory markers following TBI, particularly in juvenile studies utilizing the Closed Head Injury Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA), have not been fully elucidated. The current study aimed to determine the time course of changes to immune cell expression throughout the first four days following juvenile TBI via the CHIMERA. Male Long Evans rats sustained either a TBI or a Sham TBI via the CHIMERA on post-natal day (PND) 30. Sham animals were euthanized at 3 hours (h) post-injury. TBI animals were euthanized at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, or 96 h post-injury. Hippocampus samples were collected for use in QRT-PCR. The mRNA expression of cytokines IL1b and TNF-α was significantly elevated at 6 h, and C1q C chain (C1QC), a dendritic cell marker, was significantly elevated at 24 h. The mRNA expression of CD68, a marker for macrophages, was significantly elevated at 6, 24, and 96 h post-injury compared to Sham. CD3G, a marker for T cells, was significantly elevated at 6 hours post-injury. However, the mRNA expression of PTPRC, a marker for leukocytes, was not significantly altered throughout the time periods evaluated. To follow up on these studies, juvenile rats were injured and brains and blood were harvested 48 h post-injury comparing Sham and TBI. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained and sorted by marker-specific antibodies. In the peripheral blood, there was a significantly higher number of CD3+ total T cells, CD3+/CD8 cytotoxic T cells, and CD3+/CD4+ helper T cells in the TBI group compared to the Sham, but CD45R+ total B cells and natural killer (NK) cells were not significantly different. Superior hemi-sected cortices were also used for immune cell extraction. There was a significantly lower number of NK cells and CD45R+ total B cells in the TBI group compared to the Sham, but CD45+ leukocytes and CD3+ total T cells were not significantly different. Further work is needed to understand the relationship between the reduction of specific cells in the brain with the elevation of cells in the peripheral blood. This work is supported by T32HL105324 to AMS. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Mechanical Circulatory Support Reduces Directly Recorded Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in an Ovine Model of Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Tania , George Bindu , Liver Nigel , Ramchandra Rohit 
Published: May 2024

Cardiogenic shock (CS) following myocardial infarction carries a high mortality risk despite advancements in management. The use of mechanical circulatory support in CS has become an effective strategy to improve haemodynamics and prevent acute kidney injury. However, the mechanism of how kidney function improves is unclear. We hypothesised that mechanical support would inhibit renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mediating renal protection in CS. Experiments were conducted in two groups of anaesthetised female sheep. In one group, CS was induced (n=8) using injections of polystyrene microspheres into the left coronary artery under fluoroscopic guidance. After a 30-minute baseline period (post -embolisation), intravenous phenylephrine infusion at incremental doses was used to assess the baroreflex control of RSNA before pump insertion. When the pressures recovered to baseline values, the circulatory assist Impella pump was inserted into the left ventricle and run randomly at different levels (P0 min-P6 max) with two minutes at each pump level. The controls underwent the same protocol without embolisation (n=6). Coronary artery embolisation resulted in a drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 21 ± 4 mmHg compared to baseline values (n=8). This was associated with a 67% increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) from 16 ± 5 to 21 ± 5 spikes/s (p=0.038; n=7). Circulatory support using Impella significantly increased MAP from 55 ± 4 mmHg to 68 ± 5 mmHg at pump level P6 (one-way ANOVA, p<0.001). Incremental pump support resulted in a significant decrease in RSNA (p<0.001). At pump level P6, RSNA was decreased by 25 ± 5 % compared to P0 (p<0.001). Baroreflex curves predicted a 2% reduction in RSNA at P6 equivalent pressures in CS, which was significantly less than that observed with circulatory support (p=0.006). In the control cohort with no CS, the changes in MAP and RSNA from P0 to P6 were qualitatively similar to the CS cohort. MAP increased from 84 ± 9 to 94 ± 8 mmHg (one-way ANOVA, p<0.001) and RSNA decreased by 13 ± 5 % at P6 (one-way ANOVA, p<0.001). The expected reduction in RSNA with baroreflex assessment at equivalent pressures to P6 was 5% in controls, which was not significantly different to what was observed (p=0.065). Our data indicate that the use of Impella pumps in CS reduces RSNA, which may mediate improvements in kidney function. Interestingly, the renal sympathoinhibition with the Impella pump is greater than that with vasoactive agents alone. We gratefully acknowledge the granting support from Abiomed and the University of Auckland Faculty Research Development Fund. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Antidiabetic activity of egg white protein hydrolysate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Thaeomor Atcharaporn , Srisawat Rungrudee 
Published: May 2024

Egg white protein hydrolysate (EWH) has been reported to work as a cardiovascular protective agent. EWH exert antioxidant, vascular relaxing, anti-inflammatory properties and antihypertensive properties. This study aimed to assess the anti-diabetic and antihypertensive effect of the EWH in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 main groups: normal and STZ-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) groups. Five subgroups of each main group were given distilled water, metformin (200 mg/kg), and EWH (300, 600, 1200 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 28 days (n=10 per each group). Fasting blood sugar level and OGTT were evaluated before and at the end of experiment. Each rat underwent monitoring of blood pressure using femoral artery. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed higher fasting blood glucose concentration and area under curve from OGTT than normal rats, which was significantly reduced by 600 mg/kg of EWH (p<0.05). STZ-induced diabetic rats showed higher mean arterial blood pressure than normal rats, which was significantly reduced by metformin (p<0.05). A decrease in hypertension in STZ-induced diabetic rats following EWH, but without significant difference, was observed. EWH may be useful in controlling the blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus and is therefore recommended for further studies. This work was supported by Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI), and National Science Research and Innovation Fund. (NSRF) (FF1-111-65-12-30(08)). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Inhibition of NF-κB Activation Improves Non-Nitric Oxide-Mediated Cutaneous Microvascular Function in Reproductive-Aged Healthy Women
Authors: Content Virginia , Williams Auni , Stachenfeld Nina , Alexander Lacy 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE: The human cutaneous circulation is used as an in vivo bioassay to examine mechanisms of systemic vascular function and dysfunction in health and disease. In cohorts of patients with accelerated cardiovascular disease risk, systemic interventions to investigate inflammatory mechanisms [e.g., oral salsalate; nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibitor] have been used to elucidate mechanisms underlying microvascular dysfunction. In healthy control subjects, inhibition of inflammatory mechanisms modestly reduces microvascular function. We hypothesize that inhibition of NF-κB activation may impair nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cutaneous microvascular function in reproductive-aged healthy women. METHODS: In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled design, oral salsalate (1500mg/b.i.d./5 days) was used to assess the impact of systemic inflammation on cutaneous microvascular function. Two intradermal microdialysis fibers were placed into the ventral forearm skin of eleven healthy women [Mean (SEM): 34 (2) yrs]. Laser-Doppler flowmetry was used to measure cutaneous blood flow while increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (10−10 to 10−1 M; endothelium-dependent vasodilator) were perfused with a control (lactated Ringer’s) or a NO synthase inhibitor (15 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Following the dose-response protocol, maximal cutaneous vasodilation was induced by increasing local skin temperature to 43°C and perfusing 28 mM sodium nitroprusside. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as the quotient of red blood cell flux over mean arterial pressure and normalized as a percentage of the site-specific maximum (%CVCmax). The NO-dependent contribution was calculated as the difference between the area under the dose-response curve (AUC) of the control and the NO synthase-inhibited sites. RESULTS: There was an overall main effect of salsalate treatment ( p < 0.001). Both the control and NO synthase-inhibited sites shifted upwards following salsalate treatment (Placebo - Control: 45.78 (8.81)% vs NO synthase inhibited: 33.62 (8.10)%; Salsalate - Control: 56.30 (8.48)% vs NO synthase inhibited: 41.57 (7.85)%; both p < 0.05). There was no change in the NO-dependent contribution between treatments (Placebo: 164.30 (35.40) AU vs Salsalate: 180.30 (51.17) AU; p=0.7028).CONCLUSION: Inhibition of NF-κB activation improved cutaneous microvascular function in reproductive-aged healthy women. This improvement was mediated via non-nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Supported by NIH Grant R01 HL161000 (LMA) and Diversity Supplement R01 HL161000-02S2 (VGC). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Mechanisms Involved in the Antihypertensive Effects of Arbequina Table Olives
Authors: Planas Joana M , Gómez-Contreras Aldo , Miró M. Lluïsa , Franco-Avila Talia , Juan M. Emília , Moretó Miquel 
Published: May 2024

The Mediterranean Diet is associated with antihypertensive properties and prevention of cardiovascular disease. This dietary pattern includes the intake of Olea europaea L. derivatives such as extra virgin olive oil and table olives, characterized by a high content of bioactive compounds. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the supplementation of Arbequina table olives (AO) reduces blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in the antihypertensive effects of AO. Consequently, we have studied different plasmatic biomarkers (angiotensin II, Ang II; malondialdehyde, MDA; interleukin 6, IL6; tumor necrosis factor α, TNFα) and the fecal microbiota composition. Experiments were performed using male SHR from 14 to 21 weeks of age. SHR strain was divided into a control (SHR-c) and a treated group (SHR-o) that received water or AO (3.85 g/kg) by gavage, respectively. At the end of the experiment, BP was measured using a non-invasive automatic analyzer; Ang II, IL6, and TNFα were determined by Elisa, and MDA by spectrophotometric analysis. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Data were analyzed by t-Student or the Mann–Whitney U test, and statistical significance was considered when p<0.05. AO supplementation decreased systolic and diastolic BP by approximately 19 mmHg in SHR-o with respect to SHR-c. The decrement in BP was accompanied by a decrease in MDA (39%) and Ang II (32%) in SHR-o without changes in the concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNFα. Moreover, regular AO intake induced changes in the microbiota associated with the normalization of BP. Our results showed variations in relative abundance in genera such as Akkermansia, Sutterella, and Peptoniphilus, that were well correlated with the decrease in BP, MDA, and Ang II. In conclusion, OA supplementation reduced oxidative stress and Ang II associated with changes in the fecal microbiota that may explain the antihypertensive effect elicited by consumption of the fruit of Olea europaea L. Supported by grants AGL2013-41188 & 2021SGR300. INSA Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence grant CEX2021-001234-M. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Mitochondrial and Microvascular Impairments in a Novel Swine Model of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Anderson Cody , Allen Michael , Hakim Ali , Tian Yukian , Al-Gahmi Al-Murtadha , Kim Kyung-Soo , Carlson Mark 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondria and microvascular function have been reported in human peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, no large animal models of PAD have mimicked these impairments. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the skeletal muscle microvasculature and mitochondria in a novel swine model of PAD. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that hindlimb ischemia leads to dysfunction of skeletal muscle microvessels and mitochondria. Methods: Ossabaw swine (n=5) with metabolic syndrome underwent endovascular coil occlusion of the right external iliac artery to generate hindlimb ischemia (ISC). The left leg served as a non-ischemic control (CON). After 4-weeks, biopsies were collected from both legs (lateral gastrocnemius). Skeletal muscle arterioles were assessed using video microscopy. Microvascular vasodilatory function was assessed in response to flow (Shear stress), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function was assessed using high-resolution respirometry. Substrates were administered as follows: malate (M) & glutamate (G), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), succinate (S), oligomycin, and ascorbate (Asc) & N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-phenylenediamine (TMPD). Complex I state 2 (CI-S2) was assessed as M+G, complex I state 3 (CI-S3) was assessed as (M+G+ADP)-(M+G), complex II state 3 (CII-S3) was assessed as (M+G+ADP+S)-(M+G+ADP), complex I&II state 3 (CI&II S3) was assessed as (M+G+ADP+S)-(M+G), state 4 (S4) was assessed after oligomycin, and complex IV (CIV) respiration was assessed after Asc+TMPD. The respiratory control ratio (RCR) was calculated as CI&II-S3/S4. Results: Vasodilation in response to flow was reduced in ISC vs. CON (Δ-13.1±13.7%, p=0.01). but not in response to ACh (Δ-6.2±17.7%, p=0.23) or SNP (Δ1.7±11.0%, p=0.53). Additionally, CI-S2 (Δ-0.3±3.7 pmolO2·s−1·mg−1, p=0.65), S4 (Δ-1.7±4.4 pmolO2·s−1·mg−1, p=0.14), and CIV (Δ-2.8±20.9 pmolO2·s−1·mg−1, p=0.65) were not different between ISC and CON. However, CI-S3 (Δ-4.7±5.0 pmolO2·s−1·mg−1, p<0.01), CII-S3 (Δ-3.5±5.0 pmolO2·s−1·mg−1, p=0.02), CI&II-S3 (Δ-8.5±8.7 pmolO2·s−1·mg−1, p<0.01), and RCR (Δ-0.8±1.3 pmolO2·s−1·mg−1, p=0.04) were all reduced in ISC vs. CON. Conclusions: We found that skeletal muscle microvessels and mitochondria were impaired in our swine model. Based on the present findings, we conclude that our novel porcine model closely replicates the pathophysiology PAD, making it a promising large animal model for studying human PAD. This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01HD106911, R01AG062198, R01AG0778031) and the Great Plains IdeA-CTR (U54 GM115458). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Ganglionic blockade modulates sympathetic neural discharge and neurocirculatory regulation in humans
Authors: Lynn Cameron , Limberg Jacqueline , Nicholson Wayne , Curry Timothy , Iannarelli Nathan , Shoemaker Kevin , Joyner Michael 
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the impact of integrated muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) discharge patterns on human neurocirculatory regulation. In 13 healthy females (42 ± 15 years), the transduction of integrated MSNA (peroneal microneurography) into mean arterial pressure (MAP; arterial catheter) was studied during an intravenous infusion of a nicotinic ganglionic antagonist (trimethaphan camsylate, 1-7 mg/min). Neurovascular transduction (signal averaging) was studied based on the overall response, burst sequence (singlet, doublet, and triplet+), and burst amplitude (binned into tertials: small, medium, and large bursts). Data (mean ± SD) are reported for a 10-minute baseline (BSL), the one-minute period at the midpoint of the trimethaphan infusion with integrated MSNA bursts (TM-Mid), and the last minute of trimethaphan infusion with integrated MSNA bursts (TM-Last). During BSL, the MAP transduction responses were greatest for triplets+ (singlets: 0.9 ± 0.2 mmHg, doublets: 2.0 ± 0.6 mmHg, triplet+: 2.6 ± 0.9 mmHg; P < 0.01) and large bursts (small: 1.0 ± 0.3 mmHg, medium: 1.7 ± 0.5 mmHg, large: 2.2 ± 0.7 mmHg; P < 0.01). Trimethaphan infusion reduced integrated MSNA burst frequency resulting in a greater proportion of singlets (BSL: 45 ± 18 %, TM-Mid: 75 ± 23 %, TM-Last: 94 ± 20 %; P < 0.01), a lower proportion of doublets, and a lower proportion of triplets+ (BSL: 23 ± 19 %, TM-Mid: 9 ± 18 %, TM-Last: 0 ± 0 %; P < 0.01). Trimethaphan infusion reduced integrated MSNA burst amplitude resulting in a greater proportion of small bursts (BSL: 33 ± 0.2 %, TM-Mid: 60 ± 26 %, TM-Last: 78 ± 37 %; P < 0.01), a lower proportion of medium bursts, and a lower proportion of large bursts (BSL: 34 ± 1 %, TM-Mid: 17 ± 26 %, TM-Last: 1 ± 5 %; P < 0.01). Trimethaphan-mediated changes in MSNA burst frequency and amplitude were associated with reduced overall MAP transduction responses (BSL: 1.6 ± 0.5 mmHg, TM-Mid: 0.5 ± 0.2 mmHg, TM-Last: 0.3 ± 0.3 mmHg; P < 0.01). Linear regression analyses demonstrated that the trimethaphan-mediated reduction in the proportion of large bursts ( β = 0.02 ± 0.008 mmHg/%, R2 = 0.13, P = 0.03) more strongly affected sympathetic neurovascular transduction responses than reductions in the proportion of triplet+ burst sequences (P = 0.91). These findings suggest that time varying MSNA discharge patterns, particularly variations in burst amplitude, support human neurocirculatory regulation. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.