bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience, Entropy, and Efficiency in Crisis Management: The January 12, 2010, Haiti Earthquake
Authors: Comfort Louise K. , Siciliano Michael D. , Okada Aya 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe transition from disaster to recovery represents a major challenge to decision makers who seek to build a stronger, sustainable future while they cope with losses and destruction from an extreme event. Decision makers encounter a dynamic environment in which they must balance the tensions between entropy and efficiency in their search for resilience as they seek to maintain sustainable operations in a region exposed to recurring risk. In communities that have experienced disaster, the initial response is a strong mobilization of resources and personnel focused on clear goals of saving lives, protecting property, and meeting immediate needs. The urgency of danger directs the priorities for action, and organizations and individuals voluntarily act cooperatively to meet immediate needs, representing a first step toward resilience. Yet, the resources and energy committed to a shared effort to meet immediate needs generated by the extreme event slowly give way to entropy, or the dissipation of attention, energy, and resources that leads to a consequent loss of efficiency in risk reduction. The deteriorating situation leads to new calls for efficiency to regain resilience. The evolving process represents a dynamic among resilience, entropy, and efficiency that shapes the community's capacity to manage risk from exposure to recurring hazards. It is largely driven by interactions among organizations participating in disaster operations, their exchange of timely, valid information, and their capacity for learning and adaptation, as well as gaps in cognition and action. We explore the tensions among resilience, entropy, and efficiency in an analysis of interactions among local, regional, national, and international organizations operating in response to the January 12, 2010, Haiti Earthquake. Three types of data are used to analyze patterns of interaction among the organizations: 1) content analysis of newspapers; 2) documentary reports by professional organizations; and 3) semistructured interviews with policy makers operating in Haiti. In analyzing the networks of organizations operating in disaster operations, we document the response system that emerged during the first three weeks following the earthquake, January 12‐February 3, 2010. We conclude that timely intervention in information flow can be used to minimize entropy, increase efficiency, and strengthen resilience in a disaster‐stricken society's transition from response to recovery.
Effectiveness and Safety of Warfarin Initiation in Older Hemodialysis Patients with Incident Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Liu Jun , Setoguchi Soko , Choudhry Niteesh K. 
Published: September 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Although generally recommended in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, the effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulation in dialysis patients with AF is unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We assembled a cohort of older hemodialysis patients who initiated dialysis without prior record of AF and who had prescription drug benefits through three state-administered programs. The index event was a first hospitalization with diagnosed AF; patients with any recorded prior warfarin use were excluded. Eligible patients survived ≥30 days from discharge, and new warfarin use was recorded from prescription records during that 30-day window. Propensity-matched warfarin users and nonusers were compared using Cox regression. Outcomes included ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and mortality.

Results
Among 2313 patients with new AF who survived 30 days from discharge, 249 (10.8%) filled a prescription for warfarin. Comparing 237 warfarin users and 948 propensity-matched nonusers over 2287 person-years of follow-up, the occurrence of ischemic stroke was similar (HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.37), whereas warfarin users experienced twice the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.15 to 4.96). The risks of stroke, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and mortality did not differ between groups. As-treated analyses yielded similar findings, as did analyses restricted to patients with CHADS2 scores ≥2.

Conclusions
Although we confirmed association between warfarin use and hemorrhagic stroke in dialysis patients with AF, we found no association between warfarin use and ischemic stroke. Adequately powered randomized trials are required to conclusively determine the risks and benefits of the studied warfarin indication in hemodialysis patients.
Abdominal wall paresis as a complication of minimally invasive lateral transpsoas interbody fusion
Authors: Dakwar Elias , Le Tien V. , Baaj Ali A. , Le Anh X. , Smith William D. , Akbarnia Behrooz A. , Uribe Juan S. 
Published: September 2011

Object
The minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach for interbody fusion has been increasingly employed to treat various spinal pathological entities. Gaining access to the retroperitoneal space and traversing the abdominal wall poses a risk of injury to the major nervous structures. Nerve injury of the abdominal wall can potentially lead to paresis of the abdominal musculature and bulging of the abdominal wall. Abdominal wall nerve injury resulting from the minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach has not been previously reported. The authors describe a case series of patients presenting with paresis and bulging of the abdominal wall after undergoing a minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal approach.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent a minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach for interbody fusion and in whom development of abdominal paresis developed; the patients were treated at 4 institutions between 2006 and 2010. All data were recorded including demographics, diagnosis, operative procedure, positioning, hospital course, follow-up, and complications. The onset, as well as resolution of the abdominal paresis, was reviewed.

Results
The authors identified 10 consecutive patients in whom abdominal paresis developed after minimally invasive lateral transpsoas spine surgery out of a total of 568 patients. Twenty-nine interbody levels were fused (range 1–4 levels/patient). There were 4 men and 6 women whose mean age was 54.1 years (range 37–66 years). All patients presented with abdominal paresis 2–6 weeks postoperatively. In 8 of the 10 patients, abdominal wall paresis had resolved by the 6-month follow-up visit. Two patients only had 1 and 4 months of follow-up. No long-term sequelae were identified.

Conclusions
Abdominal wall paresis is a rare but known potential complication of abdominal surgery. The authors report the first case series associated with the minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach.
Does polyembryony reduce seed germination and seedling development in Eriotheca pubescens (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae)?
Authors: Mendes‐Rodrigues Clesnan , Ranal Marli A. , Oliveira Paulo E. 
Published: September 2011

• Premise of the Study: Competition between siblings affect their growth and survival ability. An extreme situation is polyembryony, whereby siblings are exposed to competition from the beginning of their development. But its effect on plant reproduction is seldom tested. Eriotheca pubescens is a tree in the Cerrado, the Neotropical Savannas in Brazil, with apomictic/polyembryonic and sexual/monoembryonic populations. We tested the effect of polyembryony on germination, emergence, and growth in E. pubescens. This may have ecological consequences within the Cerrado, where seedling establishment is critical for species persistency and distribution.• Methods: We tested the effect of embryonic origin on germinability‐ and time‐related parameters using seeds from different populations. We measured cultivated seedling growth continuously for 70 d and exhumed them after 9 mo to measure seedling biometry traits such as shoot, root, and seedling mass. We compared these traits with the number of seedlings emerged per seed and fitted data to a linear regression model.• Key Results: Polyembryony reduced germinability and seedlings’ initial growth in E. pubescens. Seedling traits and biomass decreased with the number of seedlings arising per seed. But the effect of polyembryony was mostly on initial seedling size and not on seedling growth rate.• Conclusions: Polyembryony and apomixis affected germination and led to smaller seedlings compared with monoembryonic sexual counterparts. Although smaller, these extra seedlings may enhance per‐seed survival chances in the Cerrado conditions of seasonal drought and frequent fires and explain the predominance of polyembryonic populations.
Hybridization among dominant tree species correlates positively with understory plant diversity
Authors: Adams Rachel I. , Goldberry Shaunna , Whitham Thomas G. , Zinkgraf Matthew S. , Dirzo Rodolfo 
Published: September 2011

• Premise of the study: Elucidating the factors that determine the abundance and distribution of species remains a central goal of ecology. It is well recognized that genetic differences among individual species can affect the distribution and species interactions of dependent taxa, but the ecological effects of genetic differences on taxa of the same trophic level remain much less understood. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that differences between related overstory tree species and their hybrids can influence the understory plant community in wild settings.• Methods: We conducted vegetation surveys in a riparian community with the overstory dominated by Populus fremontii, P. angustifolia, and their natural hybrids (referred to as cross types) along the Weber River in north central Utah, USA. Understory diversity and community composition, as well as edaphic properties, were compared under individual trees.• Key results: Diversity metrics differ under the three different tree cross types such that a greater species richness, diversity, and cover of understory plants exist under the hybrids compared with either of the parental taxa (30–54%, 40–48%, and 35–74% greater, respectively). The community composition of the understory also varied by cross type, whereby additional understory plant species cluster with hybrids, not with parental species.• Conclusions: Genetic composition dictated by hybridization in the overstory can play a role in structuring the associated understory plants in natural communities—where a hybridized overstory correlates with a species‐rich understory—and thus can have cascading effects on community members of the same trophic level. The underlying mechanism requires further investigation.
Les voyages organisés par ordre du roi à Versailles
Authors: Vandersmissen Jan 
Published: September 2011

Cette conférence étudiera les voyages financés par l’État français aux xviie et xviiie siècles en vue d’une acquisition de nouvelles connaissances sur le monde en dehors de l’Europe. Cette période fut témoin d’un changement radical de l’exploration scientifique outre-mer. Pendant le règne du Roi-Soleil, et sous l’impulsion de Colbert, les voyageurs académiques partant de la France, ainsi que certains Français résidant dans les territoires d’outre-mer, recevaient des instructions pour mieux orienter leurs observations et améliorer la collecte de données, et ceci afin de recueillir des connaissances qui seraient utiles à l’État. Les projets à petite échelle prévalaient. Grâce au soutien d’institutions royales comme l’Académie royale des sciences ou le Jardin du roi, des individus comme Charles Plumier, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort et Louis Éconches Feuillée ramenaient des échantillons et descriptions de « plantes utiles ». D’autres, comme Jean Richer, faisaient des observations astronomiques dans l’hémisphère Sud, améliorant ainsi non seulement la connaissance géographique, mais aussi les techniques cartographiques et les compétences dans le domaine de la navigation. Sous Louis XV vint une amplification des entreprises. La rivalité avec l’Angleterre conduisait les Français vers le Pacifique. Science, exploration et géopolitique se confondaient. De vastes équipes de chercheurs montaient à bord de navires militaires. Les expéditions enrichirent les collections scientifiques de Versailles et des institutions royales à Paris. Sous Louis XVI, ce processus culmina dans l’expédition de La Pérouse. Trois aspects de la politique scientifique française dans le domaine de l’exploration seront analysés ici en détail : les mécanismes de patronage et de protection, les mécanismes d’approbation scientifique et la mise à profit des connaissances rassemblées par les voyageurs.
Where went the dung-breeding insects of the American bison?
Authors: Tiberg K. , Floate K.D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe demise of the American bison, Bison bison (L.), following European settlement has given rise to two hypotheses regarding the fate of their dung-associated insects. The “extant” hypothesis proposes that all of these taxa now persist in the dung of cattle, Bos taurus L. The “extinction” hypothesis proposes that a subset of these taxa were unable to make this transition and have gone extinct. We examined these hypotheses by comparing the response of coprophilous insects to dung of bison versus cattle on similar diets and versus dung of cattle on different diets. Results showed insects to be more responsive to changes in diet than to changes in host species and, therefore, were supportive of the extant hypothesis. To our knowledge, these data provide the first experimental comparisons of bison dung versus cattle dung as habitat for coprophilous insects.
Short-term Use of Tranexamic Acid to Reduce Blood Loss in Endoscopic Nasal Surgeries
Authors: Chhapola Sunita , Matta Inita 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, in reduction of surgical hemorrhage during endoscopic nasal surgery.DesignComparative analysis of the use of tranexamic acid in 200 patients undergoing endoscopic nasal surgery and its demonstrable reduction of hemorrhage and improvement of visibility of operative field.SubjectsAround 200 patients with varied indications underwent endoscopic nasal surgery; 100 were given tranexamic acid perioperatively and 100 did not receive tranexamic acid and were used as a control. Selection of patients was done on random basis. We used the following parameters to measure intraoperative blood loss: Visibility of field of surgery, weight of blood swabs postoperatively and amount of blood from suction machine.ResultPatient who received tranexamic acid showed reduction of blood loss amounting to 72.48% (p < 0.05). This reduction was compared with results published by other authors using various kinds of anesthesia.ConclusionsTranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent which inhibits the action of plasmin. There is also reduction in blood level of D-dimer. It is seen to significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss during endoscopic nasal surgery. Additionally, there seems to be no alteration of coagulation parameters or untoward systemic effects. The consequent improvement in surgical field visibility is of great benefit which is encouraging and should prompt further trials.
The Accuracy of a Forecast Targeting Central Bank
Authors: Falch Nina Skrove , Nymoen Ragnar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper evaluates inflation forecasts made by Norges Bank which is a successful forecast targeting central bank. It is expected that Norges Bank produces inflation forecasts that are on average better than other forecasts, both ’naive’ forecasts, and forecasts from econometric models outside the central bank. We find that the superiority of the bank’s forecast cannot be asserted, when compared with genuineex-antereal time forecasts from an independent econometric model. The 1-step Monetary Policy Report forecasts are preferable to the 1-step forecasts from the outside model, but for the policy relevant horizons (e.g., 4 quarters ahead), the forecasts from the outsider model are preferred with a wider margin. An explanation in terms of too high speed of adjustment to the inflation target is supported by the evidence. Norges Bank’s forecasts are better than the ‘naive’ forecasts. Norwegian inflation appears to be predictable, despite the reduction in inflation persistence that has taken place over the last two decades.
Classic Measures of Hip Dysplasia Do Not Correlate with Three-Dimensional Computer Tomographic Measures and Indices
Authors: Stubbs Allston J. , Anz Adam W. , Frino John , Lang Jason E. , Weaver Ashley A. , Stitzel Joel D. 
Published: September 2011

Acetabular dysplasia is a precursor to osteoarthritis of the hip, and it causes acute and degenerative injuries of soft tissue stabilisers. Traditional radiographic assessments of dysplasia are useful in moderate and severe dysplasia, but they have questionable reliability in mild dysplasia. Computed tomography (CT) reconstruction provides a method for calculation of acetabular geometry and analysis of existing radiographic methods. We performed a retrospective radiographic review of anteroposterior pelvic films and their corresponding pelvic CT scans. Using 30 skeletally mature patients, we analyzed the following five measurements for 60 hips: lateral centre edge angle of Wiberg (LCE), Tönnis angle, Sharp angle, a modified Sharp angle, and the depth to width acetabular index. We also estimated hip surface areas, volumes, and ratios from 3-D reconstructions of a CT scan taken within 60 days of the plain radiograph. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the plain film measurements and the computed hip indices. No moderate or strong correlation was found between the measured plain film indices and the calculated hip indices. Traditional 2-D measurements used to define acetabular dysplasia have little to no ability to quantify hip volumes and surface areas. CT reconstruction provides a better screening tool in the identification of subtle acetabular hip dysplasia in adults. Level of Evidence: Level III
Craniofacial morphology in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets: A cephalometric study focusing on differences between bone of cartilaginous and intramembranous origin
Authors: Gjørup Hans , Kjær Inger , Sonnesen Liselotte , Haubek Dorte , Beck‐Nielsen Signe Sparre , Hintze Hanne , Poulsen Sven 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHypophosphatemic rickets (HR) are diseases characterized by deficient mineralization of bone due to abnormal renal wasting of phosphate. Deformation of bony structures of cartilaginous origin has been described as a major characteristic in patients with HR, but little is known about the impact on bony structures of intramembranous origin. The aim of the present study was to describe the osseous morphology of the craniofacial structures in patients with HR compared to healthy controls, and to investigate the impact of different bone origin on the osseous morphology. Fifty‐three patients with HR (17 males, 36 females), aged 3–74 yrs, were included. Fifty HR patients had dominant X‐linked disease, and in three patients no mutations were identified. A total of 79 healthy individuals (37 males, 42 females), aged 6–79 yrs, with normal occlusion served as controls. Significant cephalometric differences were found between HR patients and controls. In HR patients, the cranial base was flattened and the depth of the posterior cranial fossa was decreased. The anterior height of the cranium, the angle nasion‐sella‐frontale, and the thickness of theca were increased. The length of the nasal bone and the height of the maxilla were reduced. In contrast, the vertical as well as the sagittal relation between the jaws were unaffected in HR patients compared to controls. In conclusion, we found that the cranial structures of cartilaginous origin as well as the structures of intramembraneous origin were affected in patients with HR. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compound heterozygous deletion ofNRXN1causing severe developmental delay with early onset epilepsy in two sisters
Authors: Harrison Victoria , Connell Lyndsey , Hayesmoore Jesse , McParland Joanna , Pike Michael G. , Blair Edward 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeurexin 1 (NRXN1) is a cell adhesion protein, the normal function of which is critical for effective neurotransmission. It forms a trans‐synaptic complex in the central nervous system with neuroligin. There has been one case in the literature of a patient with a heterozygous deletion inNRXN1on one allele and a nonsense mutation on the other allele, reported to have a Pitt Hopkins‐like phenotype. We report on two daughters of healthy, nonconsanguineous, Caucasian parents with biallelicNRXN1deletions identified by array CGH. The children presented with severe early onset epilepsy, profound developmental delay, gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, and early onset puberty. Our report confirms that biallelicNRXN1mutations result in a severe recessive mental retardation syndrome and broadens the range of phenotypes associated with this gene. © 2011 Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc.
Progressive leukoencephalopathy with intracranial calcification, congenital deafness, and developmental deterioration
Authors: Kuki Ichiro , Kawawaki Hisashi , Okazaki Shin , Kimura‐Ohba Shihoko , Nakano Tomoaki , Fukushima Hiroko , Inoue Takeshi , Tomiwa Kiyotaka , Itoh Masayuki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report on a 12‐year‐old male with a unique cerebral white matter disease. His initial symptoms were congenital hearing loss and multiple intracranial calcifications on head CT. He developed severe intellectual disability and epilepsy. MRI showed signal abnormalities in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules, thalami, and cerebral white matter. The abnormalities were progressive over time. The neuropathology revealed diffuse and severe disruption of myelin and axons of the cerebral white matter and cerebrospinal tracts. We performed various metabolic examinations, detailed pathological investigations and genetic analyses, but could not identify the cause. To our knowledge his clinical course has not been described in the literature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe osteogenesis imperfecta caused by a small in‐frame deletion in CRTAP
Authors: Amor I.M. Ben , Rauch F. , Gruenwald K. , Weis M. , Eyre D.R. , Roughley P. , Glorieux F.H. , Morello R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMutations of proteins involved in posttranslational modification of collagen type I can cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) inherited in a recessive pattern. The cartilage‐associated protein (CRTAP) is part of a heterotrimeric complex (together with prolyl‐3‐hydroxylase‐1 [P3H1] and cyclophilin B) that 3‐hydroxylates the alpha 1 chain of collagen type I at proline residue 986 and plays a collagen chaperon role. CRTAP mutations usually cause severe OI. We report on a patient with OI and a homozygous in‐frame deletion in CRTAP and a severe form of OI. The girl was born with markedly deformed long bones. Despite intravenous bisphosphonate treatment, she developed multiple vertebral compression fractures and severe scoliosis and at 4 years of age was able to sit only with support. Although CRTAP transcript levels were normal in the patient's fibroblasts, protein levels of both CRTAP and P3H1 were severely reduced. The degree of 3‐hydroxylation at proline residue 986 was also decreased. This report characterizes a patient with a CRTAP small in‐frame deletion. We are unaware of prior reports of this finding. We suggest that this deletion affects crucial amino acids that are important for the interaction and/or stabilization of CRTAP and P3H1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.