bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Urban Christianity’ in the United States After World War II
Authors: Wild Mark 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article examines recent scholarship on Christian leaders, churches, and organizations in Post‐World War II Urban America. Despite the fact that the vast majority of Americans live in urban areas and that about three quarters of Americans still identify as Christian, a widespread belief that cities foster secularization has obscured the role played by urban Christianity in modern American history. In the last 15 years, numerous historians have challenged this secularization thesis by detailing the ways in which Christians attempted to build and maintain their communities within a changing metropolitan landscape after 1945. Their work makes a compelling argument for the relevance of Christianity to modern American urban history. Future scholarship on urban Christianity should build on this historiography, particularly by addressing the growth of non‐denominational and evangelical churches in U.S. cities as well as the theological dimensions of Christian community‐formation and activism.
Australian Prison Tourism: A Question of Narrative Integrity
Authors: Wilson Jacqueline 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe article discusses the special nature of prison tourism in Australia, given the nation’s origins, just over two centuries ago, as a penal colony, and the significant role thus played by convicts in the development of Australian society. Prison tourism is also examined as almost the only type of ‘dark tourism’ widely undertaken within Australia. It is argued that a combination of prevailing social attitudes and the influence of certain stakeholder groups limit or skew the narratives inherent in former prison sites, with consequent negative ramifications for the historical and social integrity of the sites.
Bringing the Animals Back in: Writing Quadrupeds into the Environmental History of Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Derby Lauren 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis essay argues that bringing animals into the study of Latin American and Caribbean environmental history could serve several purposes. It would forge a point of entry into the phenomenology of everyday life in rural societies, since animals stand at the nexus of the relationship between man and the land, hence nature and culture. It is through caring for beasts that one interacts with the environment in ways that get the historian one step closer to what Bourdieu termed the habitus of rural labor; beasts also shed light on women’s domestic work as they are transformed from raw to cooked. In Latin America, the animal is also an important symbolic vehicle which is charged with meaning as evidenced in jokes and tall tales, and as the preponderance of narratives of demonic creatures across Latin America indicates, can also serve as a window into popular conceptions of evil.
Forecasting Ontario's blood supply and demand
Authors: Drackley Adam , Newbold K. Bruce , Paez Antonio , Heddle Nancy 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND: Given an aging population that requires increased medical care, an increasing number of deferrals from the donor pool, and a growing immigrant population that typically has lower donation rates, the purpose of this article is to forecast Ontario's blood supply and demand.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We calculate age‐ and sex‐specific donation and demand rates for blood supply based on 2008 data and project demand between 2008 and 2036 based on these rates and using population data from the Ontario Ministry of Finance.RESULTS: Results indicate that blood demand will outpace supply as early as 2012. For instance, while the total number of donations made by older cohorts is expected to increase in the coming years, the number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in the 70+ age group is forecasted grow from approximately 53% of all RBC transfusions in 2008 (209,515) in 2008 to 68% (546,996) by 2036. A series of alternate scenarios, including projections based on a 2% increase in supply per year and increased use of apheresis technology, delays supply shortfalls, but does not eliminate them without active management and/or multiple methods to increase supply and decrease demand.CONCLUSIONS: Predictions show that demand for blood products will outpace supply in the near future given current age‐ and sex‐specific supply and demand rates. However, we note that the careful management of the blood supply by Canadian Blood Services, along with new medical techniques and the recruitment of new donors to the system, will remove future concerns.
Vacuum Ultraviolet–Ultraviolet, X‐Ray, and Near‐Infrared Excited Luminescence Properties of SrR2O4:RE3+ (R = Y and Gd; RE = Tb, Eu, Yb, Tm, Er, and Ho)
Authors: Zhang Jia , Wang Yuhua , Guo Linna , Huang Yan 
Published: August 2011

Rare earth ions (Tb3+, Eu3+, Yb3+, Tm3+, Er3+, and Ho3+)‐doped SrR2O4 (R = Y and Gd) were prepared by solid‐state reaction, and their optical properties were investigated. Upon VUV–UV excitation, the SrY1.99O4:0.01Tb3+ exhibits a typical green emission of Tb3+ with the dominant peak located at 543 nm. In the excitation spectrum of SrY1.99O4:0.01Tb3+ monitored at 543 nm, the f–d transition of Tb3+ is observed and identified to lie in the much lower energy region compared with many other Tb3+‐doped phosphors, which can be interpreted by a strong crystal field in SrY2O4 structure. Upon X‐ray excitation, SrY1.99O4:0.01Eu3+ displays an intense red fluorescence, whose strongest emission peak is situated at 611 nm, ascribed to 5D0–7F2 transition of Eu3+. Under 980 nm laser excitation, blue, green, and yellow emissions have been achieved in Yb3+–Tm3+, Yb3+–Er3+, and Yb3+–Ho3+ co‐doped SrGd2O4, respectively. An obvious intensity ratio enhancement of green emission to red one of Er3+ was observed in Yb3+–Tm3+–Er3+ tridoped SrGd2O4 relative to Yb3+–Er3+ co‐doped samples, and the possible reason has been elucidated by a cross‐relaxation process between Tm3+ and Er3+. Laser power dependence of the up‐converted emissions and the energy level diagrams were studied to understand the upconversion mechanisms.
Impact of the outcome of guided bone regeneration in dehiscence‐type defects on the long‐term stability of peri‐implant health: clinical observations at 4 years
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Sahm Narja , Becker Jürgen 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the impact of residual defect height (RDH) following guided bone regeneration (GBR) in dehiscence‐type defects on the long‐term stability of peri‐implant health after a period of 4 years.
Material and methods: The RDH values in dehiscence‐type defects at titanium implants were clinically assessed after 4 months of submerged healing following augmentation using a natural bone mineral (NBM) and a randomized application of either a cross‐linked‐ (VN) or a native collagen membrane (BG) (n=12 patients each). The RDH values were classified as absent (0 mm, control; n=8), minimal (1 mm, test 1; n=8), or advanced (>1 mm, test 2; n=8). Clinical parameters (i.e. bleeding on probing [BOP], probing pocket depth [PD], mucosal recession [MR]) were recorded (mesio‐, mid‐, and disto‐buccal aspects) at 4 years after prosthesis installation.
Results: The mean PD (2.9±0.7, 2.8±0.7, 2.7±0.8 mm) values at 4 years were comparable in all the groups investigated. The mean MR values tended to be increased in both the test groups (0.5±0.7, 0.4±0.6 mm, respectively), when compared with the control group (0.2±0.3 mm) (P>0.05, respectively). The mean BOP values were also increased in both the test groups (45.8±30.5%, 54.1±24.8%, respectively), even reaching statistical significance when comparing test 2 and control (29.1±21.3%) groups (P=0.02).
Conclusion: The present study indicated that (i) implants exhibiting RDH values >1 mm are at a higher risk of developing peri‐implant disease and (ii) positive RDH values may be associated with an increase in MR and may therefore compromise the overall esthetic outcome of implant therapy.
To cite this article: Schwarz F, Sahm N, Becker J. Impact of the outcome of guided bone regeneration in dehiscence‐type defects on the long‐term stability of peri‐implant health: clinical observations at 4 years. Clin. Oral Impl. Res 23, 2012; 191–196.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02214.x
Reversibility of experimental peri‐implant mucositis compared with experimental gingivitis in humans
Authors: Salvi Giovanni E. , Aglietta Marco , Eick Sigrun , Sculean Anton , Lang Niklaus P. , Ramseier Christoph A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objective: To monitor clinical, microbiological and host‐derived alterations occurring around teeth and titanium implants during the development of experimental gingivitis/mucositis and their respective healing sequence in humans.
Material and methods: Fifteen subjects with healthy or treated periodontal conditions and restored with dental implants underwent an experimental 3‐week period of undisturbed plaque accumulation in the mandible. Subsequently, a 3‐week period with optimal plaque control was instituted. At Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42, the presence/absence of plaque deposits around teeth and implants was assessed, (plaque index [PlI]) and the gingival/mucosal conditions were evaluated (gingival index[GI]). Subgingival/submucosal plaque samples and gingival/mucosal crevicular fluid (CF) samples were collected from two pre‐determined sites around each experimental unit. CF samples were analyzed for matrix‐metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) and interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β). Microbial samples were analyzed using DNA–DNA hybridization for 40 species.
Results: During 3 weeks of plaque accumulation, the median PlI and GI increased significantly at implants and teeth. Implant sites yielded a greater increase in the median GI compared with tooth sites. Over the 6‐week experimental period, the CF levels of MMP‐8 were statistically significantly higher at implants compared with teeth (P<0.05). The CF IL‐1β levels did not differ statistically significantly between teeth and implants (P>0.05). No differences in the total DNA counts between implant and tooth sites were found at any time points. No differences in the detection frequency were found for putative periodontal pathogens between implant and tooth sites.
Conclusion: Peri‐implant soft tissues developed a stronger inflammatory response to experimental plaque accumulation when compared with that of their gingival counterparts. Experimental gingivitis and peri‐implant mucositis were reversible at the biomarker level. Clinically, however, 3 weeks of resumed plaque control did not yield pre‐experimental levels of gingival and peri‐implant mucosal health indicating that longer healing periods are needed.
To cite this article: Salvi GE, Aglietta M, Eick S, Sculean A, Lang NP & Ramseier CA. Reversibility of experimental peri‐implant mucositis compared with experimental gingivitis in humans. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 182–190.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02220.x
Questionnaires for Assessment of Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Review and Proposal for a Standardized Screener
Authors: Giraldi Annamaria , Rellini Alessandra , Pfaus James G. , Bitzer Johannes , Laan Ellen , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Fugl-Meyer Axel R. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
There are many methods to evaluate female sexual function and dysfunction (FSD) in clinical and research settings, including questionnaires, structured interviews, and detailed case histories. Of these, questionnaires have become an easy first choice to screen individuals into different categories of FSD.

Aim
The aim of this study was to review the strengths and weaknesses of different questionnaires currently available to assess different dimensions of women's sexual function and dysfunction, and to suggest a simple screener for FSD.

Methods
A literature search of relevant databases, books, and articles in journals was used to identify questionnaires that have been used in basic or epidemiological research, clinical trials, or in clinical settings.

Main Outcome Measure
Measures were grouped in four levels based on their purposes and degree of development, and were reviewed for their psychometric properties and utility in clinical or research settings. A Sexual Complaints Screener for Women (SCS-W) was then proposed based on epidemiological methods.

Results
Although many questionnaires are adequate for their own purposes, our review revealed a serious lack of standardized, internationally (culturally) acceptable questionnaires that are truly epidemiologically validated in general populations and that can be used to assess FSD in women with or without a partner and independent of the partner's gender. The SCS-W is proposed as a 10-item screener to aid clinicians in making a preliminary assessment of FSD.

Conclusions
The definition of FSD continues to change and basic screening tools are essential to help advance clinical diagnosis and treatment, or to slate patients adequately into the right diagnostic categories for basic and epidemiological research or clinical trials.
Association Between Urinary Calculi and Erectile Dysfunction: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Chung S.-D. , Keller J. J. , Lin H.-C. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Stone disease is associated with systemic metabolic and hormonal disorders that share common risk factors with erectile dysfunction (ED); however, few studies have investigated the association between ED and urinary calculi (UC).

Aim
This case-control study aims to estimate the association of ED with UC using a nationwide, population-based database in Taiwan.

Methods
We identified 5,620 patients with ED as the study group and randomly selected 16,860 patients as the controls. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of having previously been diagnosed with UC according to the presence/absence of ED using conditional logistic regression after adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hyperlipidemia.

Main Outcome Measure
We measured the prevalence and risk of UC between the cases and controls. We only included UC cases if the UC diagnosis was made previous to the index date.

Results
Of the sampled patients, 3,855 (17.2%) were found to have been diagnosed with UC prior to the index date; 1,251 (22.3%) ED patients and 2,604 (15.4%) controls had been diagnosed with UC, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the OR in ED patients who had prior UC was 1.46 (95% CI = 1.35–1.58) when compared with controls. The ORs of UC for ED patients were somewhat higher in younger groups. In particular, when compared with controls the adjusted OR in ED patients between 40 and 49 years old for prior UC was 1.73 (95% CI = 1.48–2.02).

Conclusions
ED is associated with cases having a prior diagnosis of UC, particularly in younger populations.
The Human Female Prostate—Immunohistochemical Study with Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostate-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase, and Androgen Receptor and 3-D Remodeling
Authors: Dietrich W. , Susani M. , Stifter L. , Haitel A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
The constitution of glands surrounding the human female urethra has been under debate; especially regarding as to what extent they equal the male prostate. Defining their composition may help to understand the development of neoplasms arising from this tissue.

Aims
The aim of this study was to define the existence, structure, and arrangement of a possible human female prostate.

Methods
Urethras of 25 women were investigated by immunohistochemistry and stained with specific monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific antigen (PSA, mono- and polyclonal antibody), prostate specific alkaline phosphatase (PSAP), and androgen receptor (AR). From two urethras, which underwent a totally serial work up with PSA-staining, a three-dimensional model of the urethra and the prostatic glands was created to enable 3D-perception of the results.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measures used in this study were identifying glandular structures in hematoxylin-eosin-staining, positive staining with the respective antibodies, and 3-D orientation of described glands.

Results
Fourteen of 25 patients had glandular structures encircling the urethra. Twelve of 14 showed positive staining for PSA, PSAP, and AR in gland acini, while the excretory ducts, the urethra, and the surrounding stroma did not express those proteins. The strongest PSA and PSAP expression was found in apical cytoplasm of the glandular cells, and AR was confined to cell nuclei. Prostatic glands were located laterally to the distal half of the urethra.

Conclusion
A female prostate was found in every second woman in this study and can be discriminated from other urethral caverns and immature paraurethral ducts. Possible neoplasms of this source tissue expressing the prostate-specific markers may therefore be denominated as female prostate tumors.
Preliminary Study on the Effect of Four-phasic Estradiol Valerate and Dienogest (E2V/DNG) Oral Contraceptive on the Quality of Sexual Life
Authors: Caruso Salvatore , Agnello Carmela , Romano Mattea , Cianci Stefano , Lo Presti Lucia , Malandrino Chiara , Cianci Antonio 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
A new oral contraceptive containing the natural estrogen estradiol and a 19-nortestosterone derivate dienogest (DNG) in a four-phasic 28-day regimen may be used by women.

Aim
To investigate the quality of sexual life of healthy women on estradiol valerate and DNG (E2V/DNG) oral contraceptive.

Methods
Fifty-seven women (age range 18–48 years) were enrolled. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire to assess quality of life (QoL) was administered at baseline and at the 26th day of both the 3rd and 6th cycles of oral contraceptive (OC) intake. The Short Personal Experience Questionnaire (SPEQ) to measure the change of sexual behavior was used at the 2nd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 26th, and 28th days of the baseline cycle, as well as at the same days of both the 3rd and 6th cycle of contraceptive intake.

Main Outcome Measure
The SF-36 and the SPEQ questionnaires.

Results
Women reported QoL improvement at the 3rd (P &lt; 0.05) and at the 6th cycles (P &lt; 0.01). By SPEQ, improvement of sexuality during the 3rd and the 6th cycle with respect to baseline experience was observed (P &lt; 0.05). The frequency of sexual activity remained basically unchanged (P = NS). Enjoyment and desire improved at the 6th cycle with respect to the 3rd cycle (P &lt; 0.05). All women reported decreased dyspareunia at the 3rd and 6th cycles (P &lt; 0.05). Interestingly, desire, arousal, orgasm, enjoyment, and sexual activity improved, reaching a peak around the 14th day of the menstrual cycle (P &lt; 0.05). At the 3rd and 6th cycle, women on OCs were sexually cyclic, but the peak improvement of desire, arousal, orgasm, enjoyment, and sexual activity appeared around the 7th day of OC intake (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Reduced hormone-free interval is a new concept in low-dose OC regimens. Moreover, the E2V/DNG multiphasic extended regimen has been found to positively modify the sexuality of users.
Penile Necrosis due to Priapism Developed After Circumcision in a Patient with Protein S Deficiency
Authors: Canter Halil I. , Coskuner Enis R. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypercoagulable state is a complex condition with an abnormal propensity for thrombosis. The consequences of it due to thrombosis of veins and arteries are the most common cause of sickness.

Aim
The present study is a report of a case describing penis necrosis after circumcision and evaluation of hypercoagulable state as a reason of it.

Methods
Nine-year-old boy referred from another hospital with the sequelae of the penile ischemia with discoloration of the penis after traditional circumcision.

Results
The ischemic event developed 3 weeks after circumcision. Priapism that was treated with needed glandulocavernous shunt initially developed following circumcision. All values of routine blood count and blood biochemical analysis were within normal limits. Further, hematologic studies revealed that there might be a hypercoagulable state as a result of lower protein S level.

Conclusion
Circumcision is a common procedure frequently performed in many communities around the world. Although it is seen as an easy procedure and performed even by unauthorized medical stuff, it is not complication-free. Severe penile necrosis after circumcision should be treated on an individual basis, necessitating different techniques. Hypercoagulable state should be concerned and evaluated in such a complication. In short, circumcision has to be done by specialists who can handle such serious complications.
State‐owned Enterprises' Outward Investment and the Structural Reform in China
Authors: Song Ligang , Yang Jidong , Zhang Yongsheng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSince China's accession to the WTO in 2001, China has been on a steep learning curve in terms of engaging in outward direct investment, and state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) have played a predominant role in this drive. We argue that investment overseas by SOEs is a double‐edged sword as far as its impact on domestic reform is concerned. Investing overseas offers opportunities to deepen structural reform in China, but such investment could also strengthen the monopoly position of some SOEs, which is inconsistent with the objective of domestic reform. Therefore, it is important for China to deepen domestic reform with respect to competition, ownership and regulations, to maximize the benefits from investing overseas. The present paper also discusses how building market‐compatible institutions will result in increased innovation. This provides opportunities for Chinese firms to effectively catch up with the advanced technologies to remain competitive in overseas markets.
Religion and European Integration: Predominant Themes and Emerging Research Priorities
Authors: Houston Kenneth 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEven before the controversy over theInvocatio Dei, proposed for inclusion in the preamble to the European Union’s defunct Draft Constitution, the role of religion in European integration had moved toward the centre of political consciousness. As early as 1992 the then European Commission President, Jacques Delors, had stated that ‘If in the next twenty years we have not given a soul to Europe, given it spirituality and meaning, then the game will be up’.1Throughout the remainder of his tenure, and beyond it, corporate religion was given an increasingly prominent role in strategic and affective considerations of further European integration. This new role for religious associations has now been incorporated into the recently ratified Lisbon Treaty, where ‘open, transparent and regular dialogue’ has been formally established. The article will consider the question of European integration and the role of ‘public’ religion within this by disentangling two predominating thematic approaches, and thereafter discussing their inter‐ (and intra‐) thematic tensions along with the potential avenues that they offer for future research.
Queering Asian Cultures
Authors: Tang Denise 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQueer Asian studies emerged from a need to study non‐normative genders and sexualities amidst discussions of transnationalism and the globalization of sexualities. In particular, it fills in a gap within lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer studies by focusing on marginalized sexual subjectivities affected by race, ethnicity, immigration and citizenship. Major recent debates in the field of queer Asian studies include the contested usage of the term ‘queer’ and the application of ‘queer theory’ as an analytical framework, the call for intraregional dialogues within Asia and the discussion of normativity as a counter‐analytical framework to understand sexual cultures. Two developing trends can be identified as in growing numbers of research studies on everyday lives that extends beyond sexual identification categories, and pedagogical concerns with teaching sexuality and queer studies in the classroom.