bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of low intensity laser irradiation during healing of skin lesions in the rat
Authors: Nussbaum Ethne L. , Mazzulli Tony , Pritzker Kenneth P.H. , Heras Facundo Las , Jing Fang , Lilge Lothar 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether laser light can improve healing of skin wounds by killing wound bacteria while simultaneously accelerating host tissue activity.Materials and MethodsWounds on the rat dorsum were irradiated or sham‐irradiated three times weekly from days 1 to 19 using 635 or 808 nm diode lasers at 1 or 20 J/cm2. Wound area and bacterial growth were evaluated three times weekly. Histological analysis was performed on days 8 and 19. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on day 19.ResultsWounds that were irradiated using 635 nm light at 1 J/cm2 healed similarly to controls. Wounds that were irradiated using 808 nm (1 and 20 J/cm2, P≤0.05) and 635 nm light (20 J/cm2, P≤0.05) were worse in wound maximum area at day 3 compared with controls. Further, 635 nm light at 20 J/cm2 delayed wound closure at day 19 (ASL = 0.0127). Bacterial colonization of wounds was altered using 635 nm (20 J/cm2, P<0.0001) and 808 nm light (1 J/cm2, P<0.0001; 20 J/cm2, P = 0.02). In particular, the presence of normal skin flora decreased (P<0.0001–0.0002) and, when using 808 nm light, the presence of S. aureus increased (P = 0.0001). There was histological evidence of advanced repair using 635 nm at 1 J/cm2 at day 8 (ASL<0.04). In contrast, markers of acute repair were increased and of late repair were decreased at day 19 using 635 nm at 20 J/cm2 (ASL<0.04).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that while clearing wounds of certain bacteria is feasible it does not necessarily translate into a healing advantage. When normal flora are disturbed, environmental organisms more readily colonize the wound surface. It is not clear when using 808 nm light whether the loss of normal flora in the wound alone is responsible for the proliferation of S. aureus or whether the light adds to the effect by stimulating S. aureus growth. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:372–381, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discriminant analysis of autofluorescence spectra for classification of oral lesions in vivo
Authors: Jayanthi J.L. , Mallia Rupananda J. , Shiny Sara Thomas , Baiju Kamalsanan V. , Mathews Anitha , Kumar Rejnish , Sebastian Paul , Madhavan Jayaprakash , Aparna G.N. , Subhash Narayanan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLow survival rate of individuals with oral cancer emphasize the significance of early detection and treatment. Optical spectroscopic techniques are under various stages of development for diagnosis of epithelial neoplasm. This study evaluates the potential of a multivariate statistical algorithm to classify oral mucosa from autofluorescence spectral features recorded in vivo.Study Design/MethodsAutofluorescence spectra were recorded in a clinical trial from 15 healthy volunteers and 34 patients with diode laser excitation (404 nm) and pre‐processed by normalization, mean‐scaling and its combination. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on leave‐one‐out (LOO) method of cross validation was performed on spectral data for tissue characterization. The sensitivity and specificity were determined for different lesion pairs from the scatter plot of discriminant function scores.ResultsAutofluorescence spectra of healthy volunteers consists of a broad emission at 500 nm that is characteristic of endogenous fluorophores, whereas in malignant lesions three additional peaks are observed at 635, 685, and 705 nm due to the accumulation of porphyrins in oral lesions. It was observed that classification design based on discriminant function scores obtained by LDA‐LOO method was able to differentiate pre‐malignant dysplasia from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), benign hyperplasia from dysplasia and hyperplasia from normal with overall sensitivities of 86%, 78%, and 92%, and specificities of 90%, 100%, and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsThe application of LDA‐LOO method on the autofluorescence spectra recorded during a clinical trial in patients was found suitable to discriminate oral mucosal alterations during tissue transformation towards malignancy with improved diagnostic accuracies. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:345–352, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo diagnosis of oral dysplasia and malignancy using optical coherence tomography: Preliminary studies in 50 patients
Authors: Wilder‐Smith Petra , Lee Kenneth , Guo Shuguang , Zhang Jun , Osann Kathryn , Chen Zhongping , Messadi Diana 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn vivo, non‐invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) permits high‐resolution imaging of tissue surfaces and subsurfaces, with the potential capability for detection and mapping of epithelial pathologies.PurposeTo evaluate the clinical capability of non‐invasive in vivo OCT for diagnosing oral dysplasia and malignancy.Experimental DesignIn 50 patients with oral lesions, conventional clinical examination was followed by OCT imaging, then standard biopsy and histopathology. Two blinded, pre‐standardized investigators separately diagnosed each lesion based on (1) OCT and (2) histopathology.ResultsIntra‐ and inter‐observer agreement between diagnoses based on histopathology and imaging data was excellent, with κ values between 0.844 and 0.896. Sensitivity and specificity were also very good.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate the excellent capability of in vivo OCT for detecting and diagnosing oral premalignancy and malignancy in human subjects. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:353–357, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface Coating with a Thermoresponsive Copolymer for the Culture and Non‐Enzymatic Recovery of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Loh Xian Jun , Gong Jiansheng , Sakuragi Makoto , Kitajima Takashi , Liu Mingzhe , Li Jun , Ito Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA thermoresponsive substrate based on a triblock copolymer, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate]‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm‐PHB‐PNIPAAm), co‐coated with gelatin, was developed for the culture and non‐enzymatic recovery of mouse embryonic stem cells. After culture, the cells could be detached by cooling at 4 °C for 20 min without trypsin digestion. The embryonic stem cells remained undifferentiated after culture on the gelatin/copolymer‐coated surfaces, similar to standard culture techniques. Overall, the triblock copolymer coating was superior to the PNIPAAm homopolymer coating in terms of supporting better cell growth, being more stable, presenting a more homogeneous surface coating, and maintaining pluripotency of the embryonic stem cells.magnified image
Preparation and Characterization of Polyolefin‐Based Nanocomposite Blown Films for Agricultural Applications
Authors: Scaffaro Roberto , Botta Luigi , La Mantia Francesco Paolo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPolyolefin‐based films were prepared in the presence of two different organo‐modified clays and characterized. The influence of organo‐modifier and matrix composition on film morphology and properties were investigated using SEM, XRD, UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, contact‐angle measurements and mechanical tests. The filler increased the films' rigidity and tear strength. Transparencies were almost unchanged in the visible range, but were reduced for harmful radiation. The presence of the clay increases the greenhouse effect, i.e. it hinders the passage of thermal emission from the soil to the outer part of the greenhouse during the night. The wettability of the materials was not influenced by the presence of the clay.magnified image
Synthesis of Well‐Defined Polybenzamide‐block‐Polystyrene by Combination of Chain‐Growth Condensation Polymerization and RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Masukawa Tomohiro , Yokoyama Akihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWell‐defined diblock copolymers composed of poly(N‐octylbenzamide) and polystyrene were synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene with a polyamide chain transfer agent (CTA) prepared via chain‐growth condensation polymerization. Synthesis of a dithioester‐type macro‐CTA possessing the polyamide segment as an activating group was unsatisfactory due to side reactions and incomplete introduction of the benzyl dithiocarbonyl unit. On the other hand, a dithiobenzoate‐CTA containing poly(N‐octylbenzamide) as a radical leaving group was easily synthesized, and the RAFT polymerization of styrene with this CTA afforded poly(N‐octylbenzamide)‐block‐polystyrene with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity.magnified image
An Ionic Molecular Glass as Electron Injection Layer for Efficient Polymer Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Liu Gang , Li Ai‐Yuan , An Ding , Wu Hong‐Bin , Zhu Xu‐Hui , Li Yuan , Miao Xin‐Rui , Deng Wen‐Li , Yang Wei , Cao Yong , Roncali Jean 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn ionic molecular glass based on a dendronized monoammonium salt has been facilely synthesized and utilized as an interfacial electron‐injection layer in a light‐emitting diode (LED). The characterization of a yellow‐green LED that involves an Al cathode and a thin layer of the new compound spin cast from a methanol solution has shown device performances comparable to those obtained with a Ba/Al cathode. Photovoltaic measurements under white light irradiation reveal that a thin layer of the new compound can significantly increase the built‐in potential and thus facilitate electron injection from an Al cathode. Furthermore, it is interesting to observe that the new ionic salt could undergo reorganization on the emissive conjugated polymer layer, which leads to the formation of nearly uniform nanoaggregates.magnified image
Principal–principal–agency relationships and the role of external governance
Authors: Ward Damian , Filatotchev Igor 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper explores agency problems associated with mutual and joint stock organizational forms. It examines whether the independent mode of distribution acts as a governance factor that reduces principal–agent and principal–principal costs. By analyzing a 1990–1997 panel of life insurance companies this paper provides evidence that mutuals have higher principal–agent costs, but lower principal–principal costs, compared with stocks. Independent distribution mitigates both agency problems by reducing managerial expenses while safeguarding interests of policyholders. These relationships are positively moderated by product complexity and free cash flow. This is consistent with the assumption that companies that use independent agents exhibit lower levels of manager and shareholder opportunism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
External knowledge sourcing: science, market and the value of patented inventions
Authors: Schneider Cédric 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper analyzes the choice between alternative sources of knowledge in patented inventions. Inventors can use scientific and/or market‐oriented sources of knowledge. We formally test whether these two types of knowledge acquisition are complementary or substitutable in the value of patented inventions. The results suggest that simultaneous exploitation of different knowledge inputs is ‘subadditive’ since inventors would have to manage assimilation and integration of disparate items of external knowledge stemming from distant technological contexts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiovascular risk factors in restless legs syndrome
Authors: Schlesinger Ilana , Erikh Ilana , Avizohar Ophir , Sprecher Elliot , Yarnitsky David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional study to assess prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with and without restless legs syndrome (RLS). Adults attending their annual checkup completed the International RLS Study Group questionnaire and underwent an interview by a neurologist. Data from the annual checkup were compared between subjects with and without RLS. The prevalence of RLS was 6.7% (95% CI 5.45–7.95) among 1,537 responders. RLS subjects' blood tests showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose level (P = 0.029), higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.029) and reduced renal function (P = 0.013), and increased prevalence of low hematocrit (P = 0.008). RLS subjects weighed more (P = 0.029), had a higher BMI (P = 0.033), larger hip circumference (P = 0.033), and were less fit (P = 0.010). To control for interactions among statistical predictors, we also employed multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, smoking, BMI, hemoglobin, glucose, HDL/LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine. We found that female gender (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.11–4.17), smoking (OR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.10–3.00), and HDL/LDL cholesterol (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.034–0.90) were significantly associated with RLS compared with subjects without RLS. RLS was associated with cardiovascular risk factors. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improves intrinsic alertness in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fimm Bruno , Heber Ines A. , Coenen Volker A. , Fromm Christoph , Noth Johannes , Kronenbuerger Martin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a treatment option for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the advanced stage. Besides motor improvement, DBS of the STN may also modulate cognitive and attentional functions of the basal ganglia. In our study, 13 patients with PD and bilateral DBS of the STN were assessed with DBS switched on and off by the use of a wide range of neuropsychological tasks. This included reasoning, cognitive flexibility, phonemic and semantic word fluency, verbal and nonverbal short‐term memory, learning, delayed verbal memory recall, and stimulus‐response incompatibility. Special emphasis was put on basic attentional functions, in particular intrinsic and phasic alertness as well as visual search. DBS significantly improved intrinsic alertness, whereas phasic alertness and other neuropsychological domains were not affected. Additionally, the effects on intrinsic alertness were independent of motor improvements by DBS. The findings suggest that DBS modulates the fronto‐parietal network of alertness. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Parsing brain activity associated with acupuncture treatment in Parkinson's diseases
Authors: Chae Younbyoung , Lee Hyejung , Kim Hackjin , Kim Chang‐Hwan , Chang Dae‐Il , Kim Kyung‐Mi , Park Hi‐Joon 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAcupuncture, a common treatment modality within complementary and alternative medicine, has been widely used for Parkinson's disease (PD). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we explored the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of specific and genuine acupuncture treatment on the motor function in patients with PD. Three fMRI scans were performed in random order in a block design, one for verum acupuncture (VA) treatment, another one for a covert placebo (CP), and the third one for an overt placebo (OP) at the motor function implicated acupoint GB34 on the left foot of 10 patients with PD. We calculated the contrast that subtracts the blood‐oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) response for the acupuncture effect (VA vs. CP) and the placebo effect (CP vs. OP). We found a significant improvement in the motor function of the affected hand after acupuncture treatment. The putamen and the primary motor cortex were activated when patients with PD received the acupuncture treatment (VA vs. CP) and these activations correlated with individual enhanced motor function. Expectation towards acupuncture modality (CP vs. OP) elicited activation over the anterior cingulate gyrus, the superior frontal gyrus, and the superior temporal gyrus. These findings suggest that acupuncture treatment might facilitate improvement in the motor functioning of patients with PD via the basal ganglia‐thalamocortical circuit. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Delimiting subterritories of the human subthalamic nucleus by means of microelectrode recordings and a Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Zaidel Adam , Spivak Alexander , Shpigelman Lavi , Bergman Hagai , Israel Zvi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPositive therapeutic response without adverse side effects to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) depends to a large extent on electrode location within the STN. The sensorimotor region of the STN (seemingly the preferred location for STN DBS) lies dorsolaterally, in a region also marked by distinct beta (13–30 Hz) oscillations in the parkinsonian state. In this study, we present a real‐time method to accurately demarcate subterritories of the STN during surgery, based on microelectrode recordings (MERs) and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Fifty‐six MER trajectories were used, obtained from 21 PD patients who underwent bilateral STN DBS implantation surgery. Root mean square (RMS) and power spectral density (PSD) of the MERs were used to train and test an HMM in identifying the dorsolateral oscillatory region (DLOR) and nonoscillatory subterritories within the STN. The HMM demarcations were compared to the decisions of a human expert. The HMM identified STN‐entry, the ventral boundary of the DLOR, and STN‐exit with an error of −0.09 ± 0.35, −0.27 ± 0.58, and −0.20 ± 0.33 mm, respectively (mean ± standard deviation), and with detection reliability (error < 1 mm) of 95, 86, and 91%, respectively. The HMM was successful despite a very coarse clustering method and was robust to parameter variation. Thus, using an HMM in conjunction with RMS and PSD measures of intraoperative MER can provide improved refinement of STN entry and exit in comparison with previously reported automatic methods, and introduces a novel (intra‐STN) detection of a distinct DLOR‐ventral boundary. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Falcipain‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Ettari Roberta , Bova Floriana , Zappalà Maria , Grasso Silvana , Micale Nicola 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMalaria, particularly that one caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains a serious health problem in Africa, South America, and many parts of Asia where it afflicts about 500 million people and is responsible for the death of more than one million children each year. The main reasons for the persistence of malaria are the emergence of resistance to common antimalarial drugs, inadequate control of mosquito vectors, and the lack of effective vaccines. Therefore, the identification and characterization of new targets for antimalarial chemotherapy are of urgent priority. This review is focused on inhibitors of falcipain‐2, a cysteine protease from P. falciparum, which represents one of the most promising targets for antimalarial drug design. Falcipain‐2 is a key enzyme in the life cycle of P. falciparum since it degrades hemoglobin, at the early trophozoite stage, and cleaves ankyrin and protein 4.1, the cytoskeletal elements vital to the stability of red cell membrane, at the schizont stage. The main classes of falcipain‐2 inhibitors are peptides or peptidomimetics bearing the most popular pharmacophores of cysteine protease inhibitors, such as vinyl sulfones, halomethyl ketones, and aldehydes. Furthermore, many other chemotypes have been identified as inhibitors of falcipain‐2, such as isoquinolines, thiosemicarbazones, and chalcones. These inhibitors represent all classes, which, to the best of our knowledge, have been disclosed in journal articles to date. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 1, 136–167, 2010
Scaphoid reconstruction by a free vascularized osteochondral graft from the rib: A case report
Authors: Lanzetta Marco 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNonunion and avascular necrosis of the proximal pole of the scaphoid remain one of the most difficult problems in wrist reconstructive surgery. A number of interpositional vascularized bone grafts have been proposed for scaphoid nonunion, in order to promote faster union at the contact site with both fragments. However, once the proximal pole has undergone avascular changes and is completely necrotic, there is no alternative other than to remove it. At present, more radical operations have been advocated in these cases, such as proximal row carpectomy or intercarpal arthrodesis. We present a case where the necrotic proximal pole of the scaphoid was removed and replaced with a remodeled osteochondral‐free vascularized graft from the rib based on the inferior and superior intercostal arteries, branches of the internal mammary artery. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Vascularized bone transfer for severe injury around the ankle
Authors: Henry Steven L. , Frome Britton A. , Pederson William C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSevere injuries around the ankle are very difficult to treat. Although technically demanding, vascularized bone transfer has the potential to span bone defects, eradicate infection, and provide soft tissue coverage all in one stage. The fibula is the best choice for transfer as it produces the best results and the least donor site morbidity. Complications are reasonably common as in all complex reconstructive surgery, but in the properly selected patient this approach offers the best chance for salvage of a functional limb. The purpose of this review isto evaluate some of the various options available for managing severe injuries around the ankle with particular focus on vascularized bone grafts, particularly the vascularized fibular bone graft. Selection criteria, surgical timing, potential donor sites, as well as outcomes and possible complications are presented regarding the available options for vascularized bone grafts in managing severe ankle injuries. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Free microvascular iliac crest flap for extensive talar necrosis—Case report with a 16‐year long‐term follow up
Authors: Rieger Ulrich M. , Haug Martin , Schwarzl Franz , Kalbermatten Daniel F. , Hintermann Beat , Pierer Gerhard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAtraumatic osteonecrosis of the talus can be extremely painful and lead to significant functional impairment. Although clinical, radiographic, and demographic characteristics of atraumatic osteonecrosis of the talus have been well documented, the diagnosis is frequently missed or delayed; the most common causes are use of corticosteroids and the presence of immune disorders. Operative treatment of large osteochondral lesions of the talus is difficult because the blood supply is poor in the talar dome. Microvascular reconstruction of the talar dome with iliac crest autografts is a complex but functionally excellent therapeutic option. We present a 48‐year‐old man, who developed an extensive atraumatic avascular necrosis of the talar dome without collapse. Except for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus no further comorbidities were known. A microvascular iliac crest bone flap was inserted into the talus. A follow‐up 16 years postoperatively showed a clinically as well as radiographically stable reconstruction of the talar dome and an excellent mobility of the ankle joint. The AOFAS hindfoot scale had improved from initially 33 points to 100 on the last follow‐up. Free microvascular bony reconstruction of the talar dome should not only be considered in younger patients but also for middle aged active patients, since our follow‐up shows an excellent long term result. Early reconstruction can prevent collapse of the talar bone. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.