bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived responsibility in AI-supported medicine
Authors: Krügel S. , Ammeling J. , Aubreville M. , Fritz A. , Kießig A. , Uhl Matthias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn a representative vignette study in Germany with 1,653 respondents, we investigated laypeople’s attribution of moral responsibility in collaborative medical diagnosis. Specifically, we compare people’s judgments in a setting in which physicians are supported by an AI-based recommender system to a setting in which they are supported by a human colleague. It turns out that people tend to attribute moral responsibility to the artificial agent, although this is traditionally considered a category mistake in normative ethics. This tendency is stronger when people believe that AI may become conscious at some point. In consequence, less responsibility is attributed to human agents in settings with hybrid diagnostic teams than in settings with human-only diagnostic teams. Our findings may have implications for behavior exhibited in contexts of collaborative medical decision making with AI-based as opposed to human recommenders because less responsibility is attributed to agents who have the mental capacity to care about outcomes.
Polymer 3D printing in perspective: Assessing challenges and opportunities in industrial translation against the metal benchmark
Authors: Paxton Naomi C. , Zhao Jiachen , Sauret Emilie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing is swiftly transitioning from a prototyping tool to a useful technology for industrial-scale manufacturing. As global industries seek to harness its potential, several 3D printing technologies have been successfully integrated into mainstream manufacturing workflows, based on the range of processable materials, fabrication mechanisms and integration into regulated environments. While metal 3D printing has established a significant niche in the context of aerospace and automotive manufacturing, the upscaled translation of polymer 3D printing lags, limited by several critical challenges, both in the materials domain, as well as the technical fabrication mechanisms. This article seeks to juxtapose the growth, challenges and opportunities of metal and polymer additive manufacturing, emphasizing the latter’s potential for future growth in sectors such as polymer waste recycling and point-of-care medical device manufacturing. By dissecting the complexities surrounding feedstocks, manufacturing and post-processing workflows and the advances in simulations and quality control, this review provides comprehensive insights into the progression of 3D printed technologies for industrial-scale additive manufacturing into the future.
Preoperative risk factors for early postoperative bleeding after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Santos-Sousa Hugo , Amorim-Cruz Filipe , Nogueiro Jorge , Silva Alexandre , Amorim-Cruz Inês , Ferreira-Santos Rui , Bouça-Machado Raquel , Pereira André , Resende Fernando , Costa-Pinho André , Preto John , Lima-da-Costa Eduardo , Barbosa Elisabete , Carneiro Silvestre , Sousa-Pinto Bernardo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Although bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for obesity, it comes with risks such as early postoperative bleeding (EPB). Identifying preoperative risk factors for this complication can help patients’ risk stratification and optimization. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to find predictors for early postoperative bleeding after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods
We conducted a systematic review, searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science until November 2023. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to explore preoperative risk factors associated with early postoperative bleeding after RYGB. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by leave-one-out analyses.

Results
23 studies were included, comprising 232,488 patients. Male gender (meta-analytical RR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.21–1.66, I2 = 18%, Q Cochran test p-value = 0.29) and revisional surgery (meta-analytical RR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.12–1.62, I2 = 22%, Q Cochran test p = 0.21) were associated with higher risk of EPB. On average, patients with EPB were older than the remainder (MD for the mean age = 2.82 years, 95%CI = 0.97–4.67, I2 = 0.00%, Q Cochran test p = 0.46). Except for hypertension (meta-analytical RR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.02–1.73, I2 = 66%, Q Cochran test p < 0.0001), comorbidities were not associated with a higher risk of EPB.

Conclusion
Preoperative risk factors, including age, gender, hypertension, and revisional bariatric surgery, are associated with early postoperative bleeding after RYGB. Further primary studies, with higher methodological quality, are required to detail more risk factors.
Managing recurrent parvovirus B19-associated anemia after a pediatric kidney transplant
Authors: Sabanci Mehmet , Taşdemir Mehmet , Öksüz Burcu , Altuner Torun Yasemin , Sütçü Murat , Özkaya Ozan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 13-year-old girl who had a kidney transplant four weeks prior presented with a 10-day history of fatigue, paleness, and headache. On physical examination, tachycardia and paleness were noted. Laboratory testing was notable for severe anemia and mild leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were negative and for parvovirus B19 (PVB19) was positive. Despite lower immunosuppression and administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) it persisted for 15 months, and frequent red blood cell transfusions were needed. PVB19 is a less common but significant complication. The patient's clinical course demonstrates the importance of this complication and the challenges in its management. A notable void exists in the literature regarding standardized treatment protocols for PVB19-induced recurrent anemia after kidney transplant. This case indicates the need for further research and consensus to guide effective clinical interventions in similar cases.
CT-derived skeletal muscle change before immunotherapy predicts survival of advanced gastric cancer: associations with inflammatory markers and liver lipid metabolism
Authors: Hayano Koichi , Ohira Gaku , Matsumoto Yasunori , Kurata Yoshihiro , Otsuka Ryota , Hirata Atsushi , Toyozumi Takeshi , Murakami Kentaro , Uesato Masaya , Matsubara Hisahiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Skeletal muscle (SM) is a key factor in cancer treatment. However, it is unclear whether pretreatment SM change affects the outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods
Advanced GCs treated with ICIs were retrospectively investigated. SM evaluated by psoas muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra was measured on CT acquired within 1 month from the start of ICIs therapy (CT-1), and on CT acquired 2.8 ± 0.84 months before CT-1. Monthly change rate of SM (MCR-SM) was defined as the change rate of SMs between those two CTs divided by the period between those CTs (month). Monthly change rate of body weight (MCR-BW) during the same period was also calculated. They were compared with disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS). MCR-SM was compared with pretreatment markers including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and liver-to-spleen CT attenuation ratio (LSR) as a marker of liver lipid metabolism.

Results
This study enrolled eighty-three GC patients. MCR-SM significantly correlated with DSS and PFS (P < 0.0001, 0.001, respectively), whereas MCR-BW did not. Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated that higher MCR-SM (MCR-SM ≥ −0.7185%) significantly associated with better DSS and PFS (P = 0.0002, 0.03, respectively). Patients with positive MCR-SM showed significantly lower NLR, MLR, and CRP than those with negative (P = 0.01, 0.006, 0.003, respectively). MCR-SM showed a significant positive correlation with LSR (P = 0.007, R = 0.30).

Conclusions
Pretreatment SM loss, associated with high systemic inflammation and hepatic fat accumulation, related to poor outcome of ICIs therapy in GC.
Strict certainty preference in the predictive brain: a new perspective on financial innovations and their role in the real economy
Authors: Siddiqi Hammad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe dominant paradigm in neuroscience considers the brain to be a prediction engine. The brain generates predictions first, which are then contrasted with information to generate error signals. Finite brain resources are subsequently spent in selectively processing the error signals based on their relative value with higher value signals getting a priority. In this way, the brain can be thought of as optimizing on its own internal resources before seeking to optimize on the resources available in the external world. We show that such considerations change the cost–benefit calculations of certain vs uncertain outcomes in the brain, giving rise to, what can be termed as, a strict certainty preference. A new perspective on prominent financial innovations (such as securitization, interest rate swaps, and credit default swaps) emerges, with a dark side that potentially leads to a misallocation of resources towards low NPV projects.
Deep learning implementation of image segmentation in agricultural applications: a comprehensive review
Authors: Lei Lian , Yang Qiliang , Yang Ling , Shen Tao , Wang Ruoxi , Fu Chengbiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImage segmentation is a crucial task in computer vision, which divides a digital image into multiple segments and objects. In agriculture, image segmentation is extensively used for crop and soil monitoring, predicting the best times to sow, fertilize, and harvest, estimating crop yield, and detecting plant diseases. However, image segmentation faces difficulties in agriculture, such as the challenges of disease staging recognition, labeling inconsistency, and changes in plant morphology with the environment. Consequently, we have conducted a comprehensive review of image segmentation techniques based on deep learning, exploring the development and prospects of image segmentation in agriculture. Deep learning-based image segmentation solutions widely used in agriculture are categorized into eight main groups: encoder-decoder structures, multi-scale and pyramid-based methods, dilated convolutional networks, visual attention models, generative adversarial networks, graph neural networks, instance segmentation networks, and transformer-based models. In addition, the applications of image segmentation methods in agriculture are presented, such as plant disease detection, weed identification, crop growth monitoring, crop yield estimation, and counting. Furthermore, a collection of publicly available plant image segmentation datasets has been reviewed, and the evaluation and comparison of performance for image segmentation algorithms have been conducted on benchmark datasets. Finally, there is a discussion of the challenges and future prospects of image segmentation in agriculture.
Returning love to Ancestors captured in the archives: Indigenous wellbeing, sovereignty and archival sovereignty
Authors: Thorpe Kirsten 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the holistic needs of First Nations people in the archives to control their cultural heritage materials with dignity and respect. It highlights the importance of the archives supporting Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing. Indigenous people’s spiritual and emotional needs are addressed by considering the support for Indigenous people’s wellbeing in the archives. Models of social, emotional and cultural wellbeing are presented as alternatives to discussing the need for Indigenous cultural safety in the archives. A definition of Indigenous wellbeing, sovereignty and archival sovereignty provides an approach to caring for historical records with dignity and respect and a framework for the local care and protection of Indigenous people’s knowledge into the future. The concept of Returning Love to Ancestors Captured in the Archives (Thorpe 2022), extending the work of (Harkin 2019) and Baker et al. (2020), is offered as a significant reform needed in the approaches to managing historical archives. The paper concludes by sharing a case study of the In Living Memory photographic exhibition, drawn on images created by the former New South Wales Aborigines Welfare Board to demonstrate archival approaches supporting principles of trust, benefit sharing and reciprocal relationships. Combined, they respond to the pressing need for designing respectful archiving approaches for future generations that do not reproduce harm.
Updating knowledge of vegetation belts on a complex oceanic island after 20 years under the effect of climate change
Authors: García-Alvarado Juan José , Bello-Rodríguez Víctor , González-Mancebo Juana María , Del Arco Marcelino José 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change is causing major changes in terrestrial ecosystems and biomes around the world. This is particularly concerning in oceanic islands, considered reservoirs of biodiversity, even more in those with a significant altitudinal gradient and high complexity in the vegetation they potentially harbour. Here, in Tenerife (Canary Islands), we have evaluated the changes in potential vegetation belts during the last 20 years by comparing them with a previous study. Considering the intimate linkage between vegetation and climate, we used a methodology based on phytosociological knowledge, ordination techniques and geostatistics, using multivariate spatial interpolations of bioclimatic data. This has allowed us to spatially detect the variations experienced by eight vegetation units during the last 20 years and incorporating a set of vulnerability metrics. New bioclimatic and vegetation cartography are provided according to the current scenario studied (1990–2019). Our results indicate that summit vegetation, humid laurel forest and thermo-sclerophyllous woodland are the habitats that have experienced a very high area loss and mismatch index, strong changes, if we consider that we are only comparing a period of 20 years. Simultaneously, the more xeric vegetation belts, the dry laurel forest and the pine forest would have benefited from this new warmer and drier climate, by gaining area and experiencing strong upward movements. These changes have not been spatially uniform, indicating that the elevational gradient studied not explain completely our results, showing the influence of the complex island topography. Effective landscape management should consider current remnants, transition capacity and movement limitations to better understand current and future vegetation responses in a global change context.
A Preliminary Evaluation of an Online Parent Training Based on Self-Determination Theory Aimed at Digital Parenting
Authors: Mameli Consuelo , Albani Alessandra , Mazzetti Greta , Saccà Angela , Cavallini Francesca , Grazia Valentina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
In an age where technology is pervasive, parents may find it difficult to educate their children in a healthy use of digital devices.

Objective
In this preliminary study, we explore the potential value of an online Parent Training (PT) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) in fostering parents’ ability to regulate their children’s use of digital devices. We also investigate whether the expected improvements can be ascribed to the specific PT provided or may be linked to other forms of training.

Methods
Thirty-three parents and their 29 children participated in this study. Parents attended one of two PT, based on SDT or Behavior Therapy (BT), respectively. Participants filled in a self-report questionnaire before (T1) and after (T2) the PT sessions, and at a six-month follow-up (T3). The survey investigated parental autonomy support, structure, affiliation, behavioral strategies, and children’s digital device-related problem behaviors.

Results
Parents and children in the SDT-PT group reported an increase in their perceptions of parental structure and affiliation at T2 and T3, and a decrease in behavioral issues at T2; parents also reported higher values of autonomy support at T2 and T3. Compared with parents attending the BT-PT, those in the SDT-PT group reported higher perceptions of autonomy support, parental structure, and parental affiliation at T3.

Conclusions
Despite several methodological limitations, including a small sample and the absence of a no-intervention control group, this study offers valuable insights for planning SDT-based interventions to support digital parenting, and triggers a series of considerations regarding psychological intervention sustainability.
Navigating virtual teams in generative AI-led learning: The moderation of team perceived virtuality
Authors: Darban Mehdi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study advances the understanding of Artificial Intelligence (AI)’s role, particularly that of conversational agents like ChatGPT, in augmenting team-based knowledge acquisition in virtual learning settings. Drawing on human-AI teams and anthropomorphism theories and addressing the gap in the literature on human-AI collaboration within virtual teams, this study examines a multi-level, longitudinal model using a sample of 344 graduate students from 48 student project teams in online project-based learning environments. Our model investigates the direct and interactional effects of AI characteristics —autonomy and explainability— and team perceived virtuality (TPV) on the learners’ knowledge-updating process. Findings indicate that embedding AI in learning teams supports knowledge acquisition and learning intentions. The results reveal that while AI explainability significantly enhances knowledge update perceptions, AI autonomy alone does not directly influence knowledge acquisition. Instead, the positive effect of AI autonomy on knowledge updating is contingent upon a high TPV within the team. These findings offer new theoretical insights into AI’s empowering role in educational contexts and provide practical guidance for integrating AI into virtual team learning. This research underlines the importance of designing AI tools with a focus on explainability and leveraging the synergy between AI autonomy and TPV to maximize learning outcomes.
Vortex shedding from bluff bodies: a conformal mapping approach
Authors: Matheswaran Vijay , DeLillo Thomas K. , Miller L. Scott 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA model to calculate flow around bluff bodies of various geometries is presented. A conformal map between the plane of the bluff body and the plane of a unit circular cylinder is established by using a combination of Karman–Trefftz transformations and Fornberg’s method. Flow in the circle plane is calculated using the authors’ Hybrid Potential Flow (HPF) model and mapped back to the shape plane. By joining this calculated near-body flow with von Karman’s model for a vortex wake, forces due to vortex shedding and shedding frequencies are calculated. In this manner, a complete solution for the flow around bluff bodies of various geometries is established. Results for two shapes are presented, along with recommendations for further work.
Cohabitation and Marriage Formation in Times of Fertility Decline: The Case of Sweden in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Cantalini Stefano , Ohlsson-Wijk Sofi , Andersson Gunnar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Developments over time in the prevalence of marriage and cohabitation formation has long received much interest, but less is known about more recent developments for different population subgroups in European countries. This applies as well to Sweden, a country considered a forerunner in family-demographic change. In contrast, much attention has been paid to the falling birth rates during the 2010s, and explanations that focus on the role of increasing uncertainties. In the Swedish case, the fertility decline has been documented across all main socio-demographic subgroups. The objective of this study is to examine whether the same situation holds for first marriage and cohabitation formation during the 2010s and the exceptional years of the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on Swedish population registers, including with new cohabitation data, we present annual indices of first marriage formation (1991–2022) and cohabitation formation (2012–2022) across a number of socio-demographic strata. We demonstrate a continuous decline in first marriage formation since the early 2010s with an additional sharp dip during the pandemic and a post-pandemic recovery. In contrast, there was a remarkable stability in cohabitation formation during 2012–2022. Although socio-demographic groups differ in their overall levels of marriage and cohabitation formation, the recent trends are strikingly similar across groups. Cohabiting couples, across population subgroups, have become less inclined to transition their union status to a more committed level, as manifested by marriage or parenthood. This occurred in spite of a positive economic climate in the 2010s and stable family policies, indicating that other forces are at play.
Is Shame a Global Emotion?
Authors: Shield Madeleine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe notion that shame is a global emotion, one which takes the whole self as its focus, has long enjoyed a near consensus in both the psychological and philosophical literature. Recently, however, a number of philosophers have questioned this conventional wisdom: on their view, most everyday instances of shame are not global, but are instead limited to a specific aspect of one’s identity. I argue that this objection stems from an overemphasis on the cognitive dimension of shame. Its proponents cannot make sense of global shame because they only understand the emotion in terms of an intellectual self-evaluation, where I am ashamed upon assessing myself to have disappointed a particular standard or ideal. However, when shame is understood as arising early on in life from one’s threatened connection with others, and as having affective, embodied, and unconscious aspects alongside its later cognitive ones, the intuition that it feels all-encompassing makes more sense. Our earliest experiences of shame, which are largely devoid of complex cognitive content, are global because they are experienced as casting doubt upon our lovability in general. It is only later, as cognition develops, that we learn to hang this sense of overall defectiveness, which is reawakened in subsequent shame experiences, onto specific parts of the self. While this might lead us in adulthood to intellectually understand our shame as having a local basis, such as a failed norm or ideal, its global phenomenology will remain.