bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugate gradient regularization under general smoothness and noise assumptions
Authors: Blanchard Gilles , Mathé Peter 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We study noisy linear operator equations in Hilbert space under a self-adjoint operator. Approximate solutions are sought by conjugate gradient type iteration, given as Krylov-subspace minimizers under a general weight function. Solution smoothness is given in terms of general source conditions. The noise may be controlled in stronger norm. We establish conditions under which stopping according to a modified discrepancy principle yields optimal regularization of the iteration. The present analysis extends much of the known theory and reveals some intrinsic features which are hidden when studying standard conjugate gradient type regularization under standard smoothness assumptions. In particular, under a non-self adjoint operator, regularization of the associated normal equation is a direct consequence from the main result and does not require a separate treatment.
Modellintegration von Verhaltens- und energetischen Aspekten für mechatronische Module
Authors: Schütz Daniel , Vogel-Heuser Birgit 
Published: December 2010

Zusammenfassung
Im Beitrag wird ein Modellierungsansatz vorgestellt, der das Verhalten (zustandsabhängig) und die energetischen Aspekte automatisierungstechnischer Module integriert. Anhand eines Anwendungsbeispiels wird gezeigt, wie die Modellinformationen zur energieoptimierten Steuerung durch Softwareagenten verwendet werden können.
Effektives Terminologiemanagement als Grundlage methodischer Entwicklung automatisierungstechnischer Systeme
Authors: Schnieder Lars , Stein Christian , Schielke Arno G. , Pfundmayr Mike 
Published: December 2010

Zusammenfassung
Für eine reibungslose Kooperation in interdisziplinären Projekten stellt eine systematische, konsistente, einheitliche und widerspruchsfreie Terminologie ein konstitutives Moment dar. Dies gilt besonders für die Normungsarbeit, das interdisziplinäre Tätigkeitsfeld des Deutschen Instituts für Normung e. V. (DIN). Das Terminologiemanagementsystem iglos (Akronym für “intelligentes Glossar”) stellt hierfür eine Arbeitsumgebung zur Verfügung, die in ihren Möglichkeiten deutlich über bestehende Terminologiemanagementsysteme hinausgeht. Auf der Grundlage eines neuen Modells des sprachlichen Zeichens wird es möglich, domänenspezifisch unterschiedliche Terminologieverständnisse genau zu differenzieren. Zum Zweck einer optimalen Verschränkung von Terminologiearbeit mit regulären Arbeitsprozessen, wird die iglos-Webapplikation mit dem iglos Terminologie-Engineering-Prozess (iglos tep) aktiv in die relevanten Prozesse integriert.
Werkzeugunterstützung für den Entwurf von Ablaufsteuerungen auf Basis informeller Spezifikationen
Authors: Fischer Stephan , Engell Sebastian 
Published: December 2010

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Werkzeugunterstützung für den systematischen Steuerungsentwurf in Teams von Automatisierungs- und Prozesstechnikern vor. Ausgangspunkt des Entwurfs ist eine informelle Spezifikation, die das gewünschte Anlagenverhalten beschreibt. Der Beitrag resümiert zunächst den Ansatz des systematischen Steuerungsentwurfs und stellt Anforderungen an entsprechende Werkzeugunterstützung heraus. Anschließend wird die Methode auf einen Beispielprozess angewandt und ein Werkzeug vorgestellt, das den Entwurf von Steuerungsprogrammen unter Verwendung der vorgestellten Systematik unterstützt.
Modellansätze für die digitale Fabrik
Authors: Diedrich Christian , Mühlhause Mathias 
Published: December 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die digitale Fabrik ist ein Konzept, das schon viele Jahre Ansporn für die verschiedensten Initiativen z. B. des digitalen Engineerings, der Normenreihe IEC 62264 zur Integration von Unternehmensführungs- und Leitsystemen oder für eBusiness-Anwendungen ist. Dies führt zur Existenz vieler verschiedenen Herangehensweisen und Modellansätze. Die Diskussion zu Ausprägung und Anzahl von relevanten Modellen und vor allem deren Modellgrundlagen für die einheitliche Betrachtung einer gesamten digitalen Fabrik ist noch offen.
Wirbelstrombasierte Formmessung an metallischen Halbzeugen
Authors: Himmel Jörg , Knopf Christoph , Schmüser Ilka , Weidenmüller Jens 
Published: December 2010

Zusammenfassung
Wirbelströme werden in der Mess- und Sensortechnik sehr erfolgreich benutzt, um berührungslos Risse und Abstände metallischer Halbzeuge zu bestimmen. Die Messung von Konturen ist mit diesem industrietauglichen Wirkprinzip bisher nicht realisiert worden. Hier werden häufig optische Messsysteme eingesetzt. Speziell bei glühenden Werkstücken oder bei Benetzung der Halbzeuge mit Bohremulsionen und Schneidölen steigt der Aufwand für den Einsatz optischer Systeme stark an. Messverfahren, die auf hochfrequenten Wirbelströmen basieren, sind aufgrund ihrer einfachen Aufbauten deutlich robuster und somit besser für diese Anwendung geeignet. Voruntersuchungen zeigten, dass mit dieser Methode schon kleine Geometrieabweichungen des Walzgutes von wenigen Mikrometern detektiert werden können. In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Möglichkeiten zur Messung der spektralen Impedanzbeeinflussung eines Messschwingkreises durch die Wirbelströme im Werkstück gegenübergestellt.
Radiospektroskopie zur Inline-Analyse fluider Stoffsysteme
Authors: Doerner Steffen 
Published: December 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die dielektrische Spektroskopie im Bereich der Radiowellen, kurz Radiospektroskopie, ist ein Analyseverfahren, mit welchem sich stoffliche Zusammensetzungen, Teilchengrößenverteilungen und sogar molekulare Zusammenhänge in fester, flüssiger und gasförmiger Materie bestimmen lassen. Wird diese Messmethode auch seit Jahrzehnten im Laborbereich untersucht und angewandt, so gibt es nur ein geringes Angebot an Inline-Messgeräten, welche zumeist auf wenige Einsatzfälle spezialisiert sind. In diesem Beitrag soll ein auf der Radiospektroskopie basierendes universelles und inline-taugliches Messsystem vorgestellt werden, das dielektrische Spektren zur Charakterisierung fluider Medien liefert.
Messsystem für die impedanzspektroskopische Breitband-Prozessmesstechnik
Authors: Nacke Thomas , Barthel Andreas , Beckmann Dieter , Friedrich Jürgen , Helbig Marko , Peyerl Peter , Pliquett Uwe , Sachs Jürgen 
Published: December 2010

Zusammenfassung
Robuste Sensoren für die zerstörungsfreie Materialcharakterisierung im Labor und unter rauen industriellen Bedingungen sind von zunehmendem technischen und ökonomischen Interesse. Dieser Artikel behandelt die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines prozesstauglichen, modularen und breitbandigen impedanzspektroskopischen Hard- und Softwarekonzepts für den Feld- und Laboreinsatz. Besondere Beachtung finden weiterhin auch technische und biophysikalische Aspekte der Bio-Impedanzspektroskopie.
Improved Soil Stabilization by Geoelectrical Water Content Determination and Statistical Shear Strength Models
Authors: Valasti Petri 
Published: December 2010

This article addresses one approach that could be used for automating a soil stabilization system. Instead of manually guiding the injection of a binding agent, a scheme is introduced where pre-determined subsurface conditions of the target volume will control the injection. Many factors influence soil stabilization, but the single most important factor is water content. Several methods to measure and quantify water content were considered. Of these methods, geoelectrical resistivity sounding was deemed best suited because it offers bulk information of water content distribution in the soil, whereas other methods tend to give more localized sampling. Water content information is input for multivariable statistical models to estimate the amount of binding agent needed for target shear strength. Statistical models were created based on a large soils database that was established during the study from a multitude of stabilized soil samples of various types. While resistivity and water content are known to be inversely related to each other, transforming resistivities to water contents is always a site specific issue that must be approached with care. In a soil stabilization context, this means specifically that the surface conductivity of clay particles should always be considered. Stabilized areas often contain clay, which prohibits the use of Archie’s law for transforming resistivities to water contents because this law assumes a resistive surrounding. In our study, we tried a model that is an extension of Archie’s law with an extra term depicting the surface conduction effect. Comparing modeled water contents with those measured in the laboratory, we found an agreement within 20%-units (weight). Statistical models for soil shear strength included three different mixing agents: pure cement, 1:1 mixture of [Formula: see text] and pure lime. Each model contained several variables such as temperature, pH, water content and humus content. Assuming that values for these variables can be measured or estimated, the amount of the binding agent can be determined from the formulas. This procedure, coupled with a precise positioning system, forms the basis of an automated stabilization system where the amount of binding agent is calculated for each location in the soil separately by a machine that holds statistical models in its memory. Also during the project, an index method to expedite laboratory tests for stabilized soil samples was developed for means to verify estimated shear strengths given by the statistical models, and to offer an independent way to calibrate these models.
Application of the CSAMT Method for Exploring Deep Coal Mines in Fujian Province, Southeastern China
Authors: An Zhiguo , Di Qingyun 
Published: December 2010

Coal reserve volume in Fujian Province, China, ranks third among the nine provinces in southern China. Over the past decades, most coal mines in uncovered and semi-covered coal strata have been explored and developed. Present exploration mainly focuses on deep coal strata, which are generally covered by older strata and volcanic strata. Because of the terrain and deep targets, seismic prospecting is difficult. The major coal-containing strata that can be excavated in Fujian are within the Tungtzeyan Formation of the Lower Permian Series. The thickness of this formation is greater than [Formula: see text]. The CSAMT (controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric) method isused to delineate four deep coal strata units. The aim of this prospecting is to delineate the upper and lower boundaries of the stratum containing the coal units. The prospecting target depth is approximately [Formula: see text], which required a frequency range between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to provide sufficient data coverage. The distance from the transmitter to the survey line was [Formula: see text], with a transmitting current of [Formula: see text] and voltage of [Formula: see text]. The time synchronization between the transmitter and receiver was controlled by a global positioning system. Major static problems were encountered during the CSAMT survey. Both terrain and static corrections were applied during data processing, which smoothed the inverted results for better interpretation. Comparison of the CSAMT interpreted results with available engineering geology information shows a clear difference in electrical properties between coal stratum, upper old stratum, red-beds and volcanic strata. The CSAMT method is useful in identifying the coal strata under these geological conditions.
Non-coding RNAs and complex distributed genetic networks
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA-protein interplay can be dramatically influenced by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Although this new paradigm is now widely accepted, an understanding of the effect of ncRNAs on complex genetic networks is lacking. To clarify what may happen in this case, we propose a mean-field kinetic model describing the influence of ncRNA on a complex genetic network with a distributed architecture including mutual protein-mediated regulation of many genes transcribed into mRNAs. ncRNA is considered to associate with mRNAs and inhibit their translation and/or facilitate degradation. Our results are indicative of the richness of the kinetics under consideration. The main complex features are found to be bistability and oscillations. One could expect to find kinetic chaos as well. The latter feature has however not been observed in our calculations. In addition, we illustrate the difference in the regulation of distributed networks by mRNA and ncRNA.
Influence of hydrogen absorption on stress changes in thin catalytic metal films dedicated for sensors application
Authors: Prazmowska Joanna , Piasecki Tomasz , Szyszka Adam , Paszkiewicz Regina , Tłaczała Marek 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In the paper results of investigation of the influence of low concentration hydrogen on stress changes in thin catalytic metal films were discussed. The concentration of H2 was altered from 6 ppm to 1% of hydrogen (6N) in nitrogen (6N). Silicon beams covered with palladium or platinum films of various thicknesses were anchored at one end and their deflection at the other end was measured by atomic force microscope. Stress changes were determined by application of modified Stoney formula and compared with results of computer modelling. The influence of stress caused by hydrogen absorption on the alteration of output characteristics of AIII-N based hydrogen sensors was excluded. The time dependence of stress in metallic films for various hydrogen concentrations indicated dissociation limited mechanism of hydrogen absorption.
Synthesis and characteristics of nanocrystalline materials in Ti, B, C and N containing system
Authors: Biedunkiewicz Anna , Figiel Paweł , Gabriel Urszula , Sabara Marta , Lenart Stanisław 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In this work, the results of investigations of manufacturing ceramic materials on the basis of Ti, B, C and N containing systems are presented. The nanocrystalline ceramics were synthesized using a non-hydrolytic sol-gel method. The process was carried out in two stages. In the first low-temperature stage the precursor was obtained. The synthesis of ceramic phases, however, was conducted in the second high-temperature stage, in an argon atmosphere. Depending on the initial composition of the mixtures, the temperature and the time, the following products were obtained: TiCx, TiCxN1−x, TiB2 and B4C.
The course of the process was investigated by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry methods (TG-DSC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The solid state products were identified with use of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The size of the crystallites was estimated by the Scherrer method. The structure and morphology images of nanocrystalline powders were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Synthesis and luminescence properties of the red phosphor CaZrO3:Eu3+ for white light-emitting diode application
Authors: Huang Junli , Zhou Liya , Lan Yuwei , Gong Fuzhong , Li Qunliang , Sun Jianhua 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Eu3+-doped CaZrO3 phosphor with perovskite-type structure was synthesized by the high temperature solid-state method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrophotometer and UV-vis spectrophotometer, respectively. XRD analysis showed that the formation of CaZrO3 was at the calcinations temperature of 1400°C. The average diameter of CaZrO3 with 4 mol% doped-Eu3+ was 2µm. The PL spectra demonstrated that CaZrO3:Eu3+ phosphor could be excited effectively in the near ultraviolet light region (397 nm) and emitted strong red-emission lines at 616 nm corresponding to the forced electric dipole 5
D
0 → 7
F
2 transitions of Eu3+. Meanwhile, the light-emitting diode was fabricated with the Ca0.96ZrO3:Eu0.043+ phosphor, which can efficiently absorb ∼ 400 nm irradiation and emit red light. Therefore Ca0.96ZrO3:Eu0.043+ may have applications for a near ultraviolet InGaN chip-based white light-emitting diode.
Genotypic Differences in Current Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars in Phenology and Stability of These Traits under Different Irrigation Scheduling Methods
Authors: Rowland D. L. , Beasley J. P. , Faircloth W. H. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Understanding differences among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars in growth and phenology and the interactions with environment (G X E interactions) for these traits allows predictions for yield potential or performance in variable environments. Despite the importance of this information, very little quantitative data exists on the differences in aboveground growth, canopy architecture, and reproductive phenology for currently grown peanut cultivars. This study quantified differences in these traits among eight peanut cultivars and explored whether irrigation scheduling method (a factor of environment) affected the development in these traits through the season in 2004 and 2005. As expected, year to year variability in environmental conditions (most likely timing of rainfall events during the growing season) significantly affected growth habit across cultivars. However, the irrigation scheduling method, despite differences in total water applied among methods during the season, had no effect on any of the measured traits. This result is likely due to the fact that all methods were adequately supplying crop water demand. Genetic variability in all of the measured growth and phonological traits was strong despite the expectation that cultivars were genetically similar. Further, the lack of significant interactions between year and cultivar for most of the plant growth and reproductive characteristics also indicated a strong genetic component to these traits. One overall trend noted was that late-maturing cultivars had, on average, higher maximum values of LAI, stem mass, and leaf mass measured in the late growth period. Differences in isotopic composition were also strong among cultivars; the cultivars Georgia-02C and Tifrunner had significantly higher isotopic levels (and thus water-use efficiency) than Georgia-01R, Georgia Green, and AP3 across years. Aside from the obvious relationships between pod number and weight, the strongest predictors of reproductive output were late-season traits including leaf weight and LAI. This study successfully documented variability among peanut cultivars in many important traits linked to overall production.
Impact of Sprinkler Irrigation Amount on Peanut Quality Parameters
Authors: Lamb M. C. , Sorensen R. B. , Nuti R. C. , Rowland D. L. , Faircloth W. H. , Butts C. L. , Dorner J. W. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Peanut quality parameters were analyzed across four irrigation levels during the 2002 through 2007 crop years. The peanut quality parameters consisted of total sound mature kernels and sound splits (farmer stock grade), shelling outturn by commercial edible size, accept and reject kernels by commercial edible size, seed germination, and aflatoxin. The four irrigation levels consisted of a full level (100%), two reduced levels (66% and 33%), and a non-irrigated control. The research was conducted at the USDA/ARS National Peanut Research Laboratory's Multi-crop Irrigation Research Farm in Shellman, Georgia. By year, significant differences in the irrigation treatments depended upon precipitation distribution for the specific quality parameters. For the average over the six years in the study, farmer stock grade was not significantly different in the 100, 66, and 33% treatments while all were significantly higher than the non-irrigated control. Total shelling outturn and total edible outturn were higher in the 100 and 66% compared to the 33% and non-irrigated treatments. Total reject outturn and total oil stock were not significantly different in the 100, 66, and 33% treatments, while all were significantly lower than the non-irrigated control. Percent seed germination did not differ across treatments. Aflatoxin in total reject outturn and total oil stock was significantly higher for the non-irrigated treatment compared to the irrigated treatments.
Maximizing Economic Returns and Minimizing Stem Rot Incidence with Optimum Plant Stands of Peanut in Nicaragua
Authors: Augusto J. , Brenneman T. B. , Baldwin J. A. , Smith N. B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPeanut growers in Nicaragua use high seeding rates, often greatly in excess of the 19.7 seeds/m recommended for growers in Georgia. Significant yield loss to peanut stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) often occurs because of rapid disease spread in high density plant stands. It was hypothesized that lower seeding rates would be beneficial, and field experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in Nicaragua to determine the optimum plant stands for stem rot management, peanut yield, and maximum economic returns. The cultivar Georgia Green was planted in twin rows at seven locations with final stands of 4 to 30 plants/m. Paired plots were either treated or not treated with flutolanil to control stem rot. Stem rot incidence consistently increased with higher peanut plant populations in fields with significant levels (&gt;5%) of stem rot. In fields with more than 5% stem rot incidence, peanut yield and gross income adjusted for seed cost were maximized at within row populations of 12 to 13 and 11 plants/m, respectively, when treated with flutolanil to reduce stem rot. When flutolanil was not applied, yield and gross income adjusted for seed cost were maximized at 10 to 11 and 8 to 10 plants/m, respectively. In locations with low stem rot incidence (&lt;5%), maximum yield and gross income adjusted for seed cost were attained at within row populations of 13 and 12 plants/m, respectively. Nicaraguan growers may maximize their economic return by utilizing seeding rates to obtain final stand counts of 8 to 11 plants/m in fields with severe stem rot and 12 plants/m with low disease pressure.
Norden, Reframed
Authors: Burch Stuart 
Published: December 2010

This paper calls for Norden to be understood as a metaframe. Related formulations like “Nordic art” or “Nordic welfare” function as mesoframes. These trigger multiple framing devices. A cache of related framing devices constitutes a framing archive. Framing devices work best when operating unobtrusively such that inclusions, exclusions and inconsistencies are condoned or naturalised. Their artifice, however, becomes apparent whenever a frame is questioned. Questioning or criticising a frame gives rise to a framing dispute.
The theoretical justification for these typologies is provided at the outset. This schema is then applied to a select range of empirical examples drawn largely from the disciplinary frames (Ernst 1996) of art history and museum studies. Despite this specificity it is envisaged that the general principles set out below can and will be used to address a variety of devices, disputes and archives in Norden and beyond.