bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Aortic Stiffness by Transthoracic Echocardiographic in Young COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mansiroglu Asli Kurtar , Disikirik Tuba , Seymen Hande , Cosgun Mehmet , Sincer Isa 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Deteriorated aortic elasticity is part of the atherosclerotic process. Inflammation is an underlying factor in both COVID-19 and atherosclerosis.

Aims and Objectives:
Using aortic elastic properties, we aimed to assess the subclinical indicators of susceptibility to inflammatory atherosclerosis in patients with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
Out of 194 participants included in this study, 100 were diagnosed with COVID-19 in the last 6 months (60 women and 40 men with a mean age of 34.13 ± 6.45 years) and 94 were healthy controls (55 women and 39 men with a mean age of 30.39 ± 7.21 years). We analyzed transthoracic echocardiographic and aortic stiffness parameters in all participants.

Results:
Values of systolic blood pressure (110 [85–140] vs. 110 [80–140], P = 0.037) and pulse pressure (PP) (37 [25–55] vs. 40 [25–55], P < 0.01) were significantly different between the groups. As for laboratory parameters, levels of glucose (97.89 ± 20.23 vs. 92.00 ± 9.95, P = 0.003) and creatinine (0.80 ± 0.13 vs. 0.75 ± 0.09, P = 0.003) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. Echocardiographic parameters showed that both groups differed significantly in diastolic aortic diameter (2.42 ± 0.28 vs. 2.31 ± 0.35, P = 0.017), aortic strain (9.66 [1.20–31.82] vs. 12.82 [2.41–40.11], P = 0.025), aortic distensibility (0.502 [0.049–2.545] vs. 0.780 [0.120–2.674], P < 0.01), and aortic stiffness (16.67 [4.19–139.43] vs. 11.71 [3.43–65.21], P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
Measurement of aortic stiffness is a simple, practical yet inexpensive method in COVID-19 patients, and therefore, may be used as an early marker for COVID-19-induced subclinical atherosclerosis.
Focused Transesophageal Echocardiography in Critical Care
Authors: García-Cruz Edgar , Manzur-Sandoval Daniel , Martínez Daniel Sierra-Lara , Gopar-Nieto Rodrigo , Jordán-Ríos Antonio , Díaz-Méndez Arturo , Lazcano-Díaz Emmanuel , Rojas-Velasco Gustavo , Baranda-Tovar Francisco 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is controversial in patients with COVID-19. The aim of this case series was to demonstrate the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in acute cardiovascular care settings in patients with COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods:
We enrolled 13 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the critical care unit of our center from April 1, 2020, to July 30, 2020, in which transesophageal echocardiography was performed. TOE was performed by three cardiologists with training in echocardiography.

Results:
The main indication was suspected infective endocarditis in four cases, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation in four cases, suspected prosthetic mitral valve dysfunction in two patients, suspected pulmonary embolism in two patients, and acute right ventricular dysfunction and prone position ventilation in one patient. The final diagnosis was confirmed in 11 patients and discarded in 2 patients. None of the operators result infected.

Conclusions:
TOE is safe in the context of COVID-19 infection; it must be performed in well-selected cases and in a targeted manner.
Case of Unilateral Linear Lichen Planus with Bilateral Mucosal Involvement
Authors: Singh Adarshlata , Rusia Kaveri , Bhatt Drishti , Kondalkar Ambika , Madke Bhushan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A form of lichen planus (LP) which follows the Blaschkos line pattern known as linear LP, presents with lichenoid eruptions and violaceous papules in a linear distribution. It is a rare form of LP affecting <0.2% population with LP. We present a case of a 52-year-old female with hyperpigmented patches and plaques distributed linearly along the Blaschkos line in her right leg. From a clinical perspective, the lesions on the patient’s right leg resembled those of lichenoid epidermal naevus, which is a type of linear verrucous epidermal nevus but the dermoscopic findings and the presence of oral mucosa LP indicate that the patient has the uncommon variant of LP which is called linear LP. It is thus critical for clinicians to distinguish linear LP from other acquired dermatoses following the lines of Blaschko both clinically and dermoscopically.
Understanding the pathophysiology of Akhlāṭ (humor) and their predisposing factors
Authors: Amir Momin Shezad , Ahmad Wasim , Saltanat Sabba 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pathology deals with the study of disease or how the organism’s normal and healthy physiological functioning can become dysfunctional or altered. To understand humoral pathology is to recognize a departure from the normal state of health. According to the Unani medicine philosophy, we should be aware of the necessary constituents of the body. The normal physiology of the body and the normal state of its organs are defined under the heading of Umūr Tabī'iyya (seven natural factors). Therefore, pathology involves an imbalance, dysfunction, or breakdown of one or more of these seven natural factors. Out of these, mizāj (temperament/constitution) and akhlāṭ (humors) are of utmost importance for the maintenance and preservation of health in human beings. Unani physicians described that the right proportion and intermixture of akhlāṭ based on quantity and quality constitute health, whereas an imbalance in quantity or quality leads to disease. These akhlāṭ primarily provide nutrition to respective organs and serve various bodily functions. Various factors can alter the proper balance of these akhlāṭ resulting in disease. An attempt is made to organize and systematize the scattered factors responsible for humoral disproportion. Therefore, the present article examines and scrutinizes the aforementioned issues in a painstaking way.
Validation of Unani concept of islah-e-advia by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy fingerprinting of Mazaryun (Daphne oleoides Schreb.) before and after detoxification
Authors: Jahan Najeeb , Rahman Sayeedur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
In the Unani System of Medicine, the drugs having third- and fourth-degree temperaments are recommended to be prescribed after Islah (rectification/detoxification) to remove their toxins/minimize their harmful effects/enhance their efficacy. To validate the concept of islah-e-advia (rectification/detoxification of drugs), a fourth-degree drug, leaves of Mazaryun (Daphne oleoides Schreb.), has been selected in the present study to evaluate the changes if any in its chemical constituents before and after detoxification process through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) fingerprinting.

Materials and Methods:
The leaves of Mazaryun were detoxified by the method mentioned in Unani pharmacopeias. Then, comparative preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analyses were carried out on aqueous extracts and powders of crude and detoxified samples of the test drug, respectively. The components revealed in GC-MS fingerprinting were identified as per the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Wiley Library using the m/z ratio. The identification of components was based on the retention time (Rt) values, molecular masses molecular formula, and peak area (percentages).

Results:
The phytochemical study showed the presence of saponins and triterpenoids in its detoxified form. The GC-MS fingerprinting revealed the existence of eight components in its crude sample with the molecular formula: C19H26N2S2; C16H32O2; C9H11N; C17H30O2; C16H28O2; C18H30O2; C28H38O19; and C16H48O6Si7. The detoxified sample evident the presence of eight different components, with the molecular formula: C18H26O4; C13H20O5; C15H24O9; C11H22NO4P; C36H66O3; C11H32O4Si4; C30H50O; and C30H50O, at different values, molecular masses, and percentages, respectively, out of which β-amyrin (C30H50O) and α-amyrin (C30H50O) were found in more percentage, 29.123% and 47.946%, at Rt 54.316 and 57.863, respectively.

Conclusion:
The presence of totally different components in crude and detoxified samples of test drug has validated the concept of islah-e-advia. β-amyrin and α-amyrin can be utilized as reference marker compounds to identify the detoxified leaves of Mazaryun for future researchers working on this drug.
Toxicity study and antiurolithiatic activity of Ma‘jῡn Hajrul Yahood (a herbomineral Unani formulation) in rats
Authors: Makbul Shaikh Ajij Ahmed , Jahan Nasreen , Rahman Sayeedur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Ma‘Jῡn Hajrul Yahood (MHY), a Unani pharmacopoeial preparation, has been used for urolithiasis since time immemorial. The present study aimed to establish the safety and evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of aqueous extract of MHY on calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis in rats. The toxicity study was carried out as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines.

Materials and Methods:
For antiurolithiatic activity, four male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The animals in plain control were provided water ad libitum; the other four groups received ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 1% added to their drinking water for the first 7 days for induction of urolithiasis. The standard group received Cystone (750 mg/kg, b.w.), while test groups A and B were administered an aqueous extract of MHY (280 and 560 mg/kg), respectively, for the next 14 days.

Results:
The number of CaOx crystals in urine, serum, and urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine, urea, and sodium was analyzed. MHY showed no toxic effect in single- and repeated-dose toxicity studies. Extract-treated animals showed improvement in body weight with significantly fewer crystals in urine (P < 0.001). Significant (P < 0.01) reduction was observed in urea, creatinine, and phosphorus in the urine of the animals treated with both doses of MHY, while serum creatinine and calcium reduced significantly (P < 0.01) in test group B. Conversely, magnesium levels increased significantly (P < 0.01) in both the test groups. Histology of the kidney showed no crystal deposition in treated groups with almost normal kidney architecture.

Conclusion:
The MHY has a significant lithotriptic effect.
Blood Pressure Pattern and Prevalence of Hypertension amongst Apparently Healthy Primary School Pupils in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Papka Nubwa Yusufu , Babaniyi Iretiola Bosede , Aikhionbare Henry A. , Oladele John Toluwani , Chinawa Josephat Maduabuchi 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine the blood pressure (BP) pattern and prevalence of hypertension amongst apparently healthy primary school pupils in Abuja.

Methodology:
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out on apparently healthy primary school children aged 6–12 years. BP was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer according to standard guidelines. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and analysis of variance were used to determine the relationship between BP and various variables where applicable. P = 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Out of 1011 pupils recruited for the study, 457 (42.2%) were male. The mean systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) increased significantly with age from 94.5 mmHg to 101.0 mmHg and from 61.5 mmHg to 65.3 mmHg from 6 to 12 years for SBP and DBP, respectively (P < 0.05). The prevalence of high BP was 9.1%. Age was the only predictor of SBP (β = –0.629, 95% confidence interval [CI] –1.115, –0.142), while age, height and body mass index (BMI) were the predictors of DBP (β = –0.686, 95% CI of –1.152, –0.221; β = 0.490, 95% CI of 0.172, 0.809; β = 1.753, 95% CI of 0.374, 3.160) for age, height and BMI, respectively, at P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
The predictors of SBP and DBP as shown in this study support the recommendations by various reports for taking body size into consideration in developing reference values for various populations. Age and body size are important determinants of BP in children. Its measurement should be encouraged in schools.
Individual-level Predictors of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness: Urban–Rural Comparison
Authors: Mba Onyinye Ginika , Okeafor Ibitein Ngowari 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Maternal mortality is a major public health problem. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) constitute a veritable strategy for reducing maternal mortality, yet adoption is low with wide urban–rural discrepancies.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to compare the practice of BP/CR amongst women in rural and urban areas of Rivers State, Nigeria, and determine the individual-level predictors.

Methods:
A facility-based cross-sectional comparative study using a multistage sampling method was employed in the selection of 924 (462 urban and 462 rural) women who gave birth within the last 12 months in urban and rural local government areas. Outcome measures were birth preparedness (defined as undergoing antenatal care (ANC) with a skilled birth provider, voluntary counselling and testing for HIV and saving money for childbirth at an agreed place of delivery with a skilled birth attendant) and complication readiness (defined as being knowledgeable about danger signs, identifying decision-maker, a nearest functional institution in case of emergency, emergency means of transport and funds and a suitable blood donor). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed at P < 0.05.

Results:
The proportion of women who were birth prepared was significantly higher amongst women in urban areas (85.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.7%–89.1%) versus rural counterparts (56.7%; 95% CI: 52.2%–61.2%), whereas the proportion of complication readiness was significantly higher in rural (31.8%; 95% CI: 27.6%–36.1%) than urban (18.2%; 95% CI: 15.2%–47.8%) groups. Predictors were possession of secondary educational level or higher (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 4.9; 95% CI: 1.5–15.5), being employed (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5–15.0) and ANC attendance (AOR: 29.2; 95% CI: 8.8–96.9) in urban, whereas amongst the rural, it was ANC attendance (AOR: 20.0; 95% CI: 9.1–43.7).

Conclusion:
In urban areas, more women were birth prepared while fewer women were complication ready compared to the women in rural areas, with predictors such as education, employment and ANC attendance in urban areas and only ANC attendance in rural areas. Measures to promote ANC uptake, maternal education and empowerment could promote BP/CR.
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Табеева Г.Р. , Кирьянова Е.А. 
Published: June 2024

В настоящее время деменция становится проблемой общественного здравоохранения во всем мире. Наиболее распространены такие формы деменции, как болезнь Альцгеймера, сосудистая деменция, деменция с тельцами Леви, лобно-височная и смешанная деменция. Болезнь Альцгеймера является наиболее распространенной среди пожилого населения. У данных пациентов наблюдаются многочисленные психологические и поведенческие изменения, включая депрессию, тревогу, возбуждение и галлюцинации. В статье рассматриваются патофизиология данных расстройств, подходы к лечению когнитивных нарушений и коррекции сопутствующих депрессии и тревоги.
Dementia is becoming a public health problem worldwide. The most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal and mixed dementia. Among them, Alzheimer’s disease is the most common among the elderly population. These patients experience numerous psychological and behavioral changes, including depression, anxiety, paranoia, agitation, and hallucinations. The article discusses approaches to the treatment of cognitive disorders and correction of concomitant depression and anxiety.
TUNNEL SYNDROMES
Authors: Левин О.С. , Небожин А.И. 
Published: June 2024

Сосудисто-нервные пучки располагаются свободно в параневральных пространствах и не подвержены повреждающему компрессионному воздействию. Возникновение и существование туннельных синдромов в естественных условиях невозможно. Патологические процессы, которые локализуются снаружи или внутри параневральных пространств, могут существенно изменять топографо-анатомические взаимоотношения сосудисто-нервного пучка и окружающего пространства. Эти изменения могут стать причиной возникновения компрессионно-ишемических невропатий. Результаты клинических исследований позволяют предполагать, что антагонист калиевых рецепторов и ингибитор ацетилхолин- и бутирилхолинэстеразы ипидакрин может занять место в комплексной терапии туннельных невропатий.
The formation and development of neurovascular bundles in the embryonic period determines their individual anatomical characteristics. The growth of neurovascular bundles and the organization of perineural spaces occurs under the influence of various growth factors. The neurovascular are located freely in the paraneural spaces and are not subject to damaging compression effects. The occurrence and existence of tunnel syndromes in natural conditions is impossible. Pathological processes that are localized outside or inside the perineural spaces can significantly change the topographic and anatomical relationships of the neurovascular bundle and the surrounding space. These changes can cause compression-ischemic neuropathies.
Factors Affecting Stock Price and Firm Value as Intervening Variable: The Case of Consumer Sector Firm-Listed at Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Amanda Widya Ayu , Fatimah Fatimah , Chairiyah Choriyah 
Published: June 2024

The object of this research is primary consumer sector companies registered on the IDX, where the data is in the form of financial reports for the 2019-2023 period. The research method that is appropriate for this research is associative research because the author wants to know the influence of the Current Ratio, debt-to-asset ratio, and Net Profit Margin variables on stock prices with company value as an intervening variable. In this research, the operational variable is the stock price. (Z) as the dependent variable, company value (Y) as the intervening variable, while the independent variables are Current Ratio (X1), Debt to Asset Ratio (X2), and Net Profit Margin (X3). The indicators for share prices are closing prices; company value is price to book value; current ratio is current assets and current liabilities; debt to asset ratio is total debt and total assets; net profit is profit after taxes and sales. Based on the criteria for determining the sample size, 59 primary consumer sector companies meet these criteria. The following conclusions can be obtained: 1. The Current Ratio and net profit margin have a negative and insignificant effect on company value; 2. The Debt-to-Asset Ratio positively and significantly affects company value; 3. Net Profit Margin has a negative and insignificant effect on company value; 4. The Current Ratio has a positive but insignificant effect on share prices; 5. The Debt-to-Asset Ratio negatively and significantly affects share prices; 6. Net Profit Margin has a negative and insignificant effect on share prices, 7. Company value has a positive and significant effect on share prices
Thematic Analysis and Poetic Inquiry of Educators' Meaning-Making and Sense-Making of Social Justice
Authors: Iyer Ishwarya Narayanan , Ramachandran Sridhar 
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a qualitative study that explores how educators in higher education construct their meaning of social justice. The data consists of transcripts of personal stories shared by three subjects in a public panel discussion. The data analysis employs two complementary methods: thematic analysis and poetic inquiry and analysis. The thematic analysis identifies two main themes: reflection from life events and heightened self-awareness, which illustrate how the subjects' life experiences and perceptions have shaped their understanding of social justice. The poetic inquiry and analysis transform the subjects' voices into narrative and lyrical poems that evoke the emotional and experiential aspects of their stories. The paper explores the consequences of the findings for campus programming and social justice education. This paper also reflects on the benefits and challenges of using thematic analysis and poetic inquiry as qualitative research methods.The dual approach illuminates the complexities of social justice in education, contributing to a more holistic understanding.

Received: 3 April 2024 | Revised: 8 May 2024 | Accepted: 29 May 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement
Ishwarya Narayanan Iyer: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition; Sridhar Ramachandran: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
Multiple thermal Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation thresholds in the intermediate complexity model Bern3D
Authors: Adloff Markus , Pöppelmeier Frerk , Jeltsch-Thömmes Aurich , Stocker Thomas F. , Joos Fortunat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are associated with Northern Hemispheric and global climate shifts. Thermal thresholds of the AMOC have been found in a hierarchy of numerical circulation models, and there is an increasing body of evidence for the existence of highly sensitive AMOC modes where small perturbations can cause disproportionately large circulation and hence climatic changes. We discovered such thresholds in simulations with the intermediate-complexity Earth system model Bern3D, which is highly computationally efficient, allowing for studying this non-linear behaviour systematically over entire glacial cycles. By simulating the AMOC under different magnitudes of orbitally paced changes in radiative forcing over the last 788 000 years, we show that up to three thermal thresholds are crossed during glacial cycles in Bern3D and that thermal forcing could have destabilised the AMOC repeatedly. We present the circulation and sea ice patterns that characterise the stable circulation modes between which this model oscillates during a glacial cycle and assess how often and when thermal forcing could have preconditioned the Bern3D AMOC for abrupt shifts over the last 788 kyr.