bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Internal Rotation and Alpha Angles Are Associated With Arthroscopic Cam Decompression in the Hip
Authors: Kelly Bryan T. , Bedi Asheesh , Robertson Catherine M. , Dela Torre Katrina , Giveans M. Russell , Larson Christopher M. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Symptomatic labral tears of the hip are associated with bony abnormalities of the femoral head and acetabulum, resulting in impingement. These patients have characteristic internal rotation limitations, which can result in compensatory athletic injury patterns around the hip, pelvis, and lumbar spine. Hypothesis: Patients undergoing arthroscopic cam decompression will have improvement in internal rotation after decompression. Patients with decreased femoral neck anteversion will have decreased preoperative internal rotation of the hip and show less improvement after cam decompression. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients undergoing arthroscopic decompression of cam and pincer lesions of the hip and treatment of labral injury were evaluated for range of motion and bony anatomy by preoperative computed tomography and pre- and postoperative radiographs. Patients were excluded for age older than 40 years, arthritic changes of the joint, and revision setting. Results: Fifty-five patients (56 hips) were treated with selective labral debridement with functional labral preservation (33/56) or selective labral debridement with labral refixation (23/56) and cam decompression. Fifty-one of the 56 had resection of associated pincer lesions. Patients were divided into femoral anteversion subgroups: normal (5°-20°, 34 patients), increased (>20°, 8 patients), and decreased (<5°, 13 patients). Mean patient age was 24.7 ± 6.3 years (range, 14-39 years). Alpha angle, a measure of the head-neck offset, decreased from 68.0° ± 10.0° preoperatively to 43.4° ± 4.0° after decompression ( P < .001). Internal rotation of the hip increased from 9.9° ± 6.6° preoperatively to 27.6° ± 6.4° after decompression ( P < .001) and 30.1° ± 5.3° at 3 months ( P < .001). Hip flexion was not significantly different immediately after decompression but was significantly improved from 115.7° ± 13.3° preoperatively to 127.9° ± 6.6° at 3 months postoperatively ( P < .003). Although improvement in internal rotation after decompression increased independent of femoral version, patients with abnormal version had altered internal rotation with increased values associated with increased anteversion (15.7° ± 5.4°/34.3° ± 6.7°) and decreased with relative retroversion (7.1° ± 8.3°/25.2° ± 4.9°; P < .05). Conclusion: Arthroscopic decompression results in improvement of the radiographic alpha angle and normalization of internal rotation in impingement-related disease of the hip. Internal rotation improvements can be achieved even in the setting of femoral retroversion.
Outcome of Anatomic Transphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Tanner Stage 1 and 2 Patients With Open Physes
Authors: Hui Catherine , Roe Justin , Ferguson Duncan , Waller Alison , Salmon Lucy , Pinczewski Leo 
Published: March 2012

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are being seen with increasing frequency in children. Treatment of the ACL-deficient knee in skeletally immature patients is controversial. Purpose: To determine the outcome of all-arthroscopic transphyseal anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction in Tanner stage 1 and 2 patients at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between 2007 and 2008, 16 prepubescent patients underwent ACL reconstruction using soft tissue grafts. All patients were Tanner stage 1 and 2. Outcomes were assessed at a minimum of 2 years after surgery and included limb alignment, limb length, instrumented testing with the KT-1000 arthrometer, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. Results: Mean age at the time of surgery was 12 years (range, 8-14 years). Graft choices included the following: living donor–related hamstring tendon allograft (n = 14), hamstring tendon autograft (n = 1), and fresh-frozen allograft (n = 1). Mean IKDC subjective score was 96 (range, 84-100). All patients had a stable knee postoperatively. Eleven patients had a negative Lachman test result, and 14 had a negative pivot-shift test result. The remainder had grade 1 Lachman and pivot-shift test findings, respectively. At 2 years after surgery, all patients had returned to strenuous activities, and normal or nearly normal overall IKDC score was documented in 94% of patients. There were no cases of limb malalignment or growth arrest. Conclusion: We present a case series of transphyseal anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction in Tanner stage 1 and 2 patients at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Excellent clinical outcomes were obtained with high levels of return to desired activities. Importantly, no growth disturbances were seen in this series of patients.
Effect of angiostatin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice
Authors: Ertekin Tolga , Ekinci Nihat , Karaca Omur , Nisari Mehtap , Canoz Ozlem , Ulger Harun 
Published: March 2012

Antiangiogenic therapy is supposed to be an attractive approach for antitumor treatment. Human plasminogen-derived angiostatin K1-3 is one of the most potent antiangiogenic agents known currently. However, it is unclear whether angiostatin has got protective effects on colon cancer. So we investigated the protective effects of angiostatin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in mice. Thirty Balb/C male mice, weighing 25–30 g and 8 weeks of age, were used. Twenty of the mice were treated with DMH subcutaneously (20 mg/kg) once a week for 12 weeks. Six mice died during the DMH injection and surviving mice were divided into two groups (7 mice in DMH and 7 mice in DMH + angiostatin groups). In the angiostatin group, 6 weeks after the last DMH injection the animals were first treated with angiostatin (20 μg/mouse) intraperitoneally and then subcutaneously every 48 h (5 μg/mouse) throughout a period of 12 weeks. The animals were killed after 30 weeks for histopathological examination. When we look at the distribution of lesions in the colon, they mainly occurred in the distal colon. The incidence of mean colonic lesions in a tumor-bearing mouse was 9.85 ± 4.91 in those treated with DMH and 8.71 ± 3.49 in those treated with angiostatin. The incidence of colon tumors was not significantly affected by low dose of angiostatin, and we noticed that the number of lesions decreased by 12% in DMH + angiostatin group compared to the number of the lesions in DMH group, but this decrease was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). The administration period of angiostatin corresponds to the precancerous period and the reduction in the number of lesions could be important for the protective function of angiostatin in DMH + angiostain group. We assume that therapeutic effects of angiostatin are related to its doses, route of administration, frequency and administration period. In addition, we believe that combination of high doses of angiostatin with radiation, gene therapy or chemotherapy might be successful in proper tumor model.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhou Donghao , Ruiter Rikje , Zhang Jingling , Zhou Ming’ai , Liu Hongjun , Liu Weidong , Wang Shengxiang 
Published: March 2012

Objective: A role for the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) gene has been suggested in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, results have been inconsistent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to further clarify the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and T2DM risk in a Chinese population. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and Wan Fang Data were searched for eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. Results:: A total of 41 studies (4708 cases and 5368 controls) for the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and T2DM in a Chinese population were identified. The pooled ORs for the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and T2DM risk were not statistically significant under all genetic models (co-dominant model: DD vs. II: OR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.97–1.42 and ID vs. II: OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.93–1.10; dominant model: OR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94–1.19; multiplicative model: OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.98–1.18). Although a marginally significant association was observed under a recessive model (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.00–1.36), robustness of this estimate could not be established under additional sensitivity analyses. Conclusions:: The meta-analysis presented in this study indicated that ACE I/D polymorphism may not be associated with the risk of T2DM in the Chinese population.
Synergistic effect of angiotensin II type-1 receptor 1166A/C with angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism on risk of acute myocardial infarction in north Indians
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Das Reena , Ahluwalia Jasmina , Kumar Rohit Manoj , Talwar KK 
Published: March 2012

Introduction: This first study from north India investigated the synergistic effect of AT1R 1166A/C with the ACE I/D polymorphism on risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods: Traditional coronary risk factors, ACE I/D and AT1R 1166A/C polymorphism were analyzed in 350 patients with AMI and 350 matched controls. Results: In univariate analysis, hypertension (52.9% vs. 11.1%; OR=8.9; 95%CI 6.0–13.3), diabetes mellitus (16.0% vs. 0.6%; OR=33.1; 95%CI 8.0–137), smoking (43.7% vs. 20.9%; OR=2.9; 95%CI 2.1–4.1), family history of coronary artery disease (22.3% vs. 14.0%; OR=1.8; 95%CI 1.2–2.6), high body mass index (64.3% vs. 51.4%; OR=1.7; 95%CI 1.3-2.3), high waist–hip ratio (46.2% vs. 2.3%; OR=37; 95%CI 16–85.8) and AT1R 1166AC genotype (20.6% vs. 12%; OR=1.9; 95%CI 1.3–2.9) were associated with AMI. In multivariate analysis, all these factors were found to be independent risk predictors for AMI. Subjects carrying the AT1R 1166AC+CC and ACE ID+DD combined genotype showed a twofold increased association (OR=2.1; 95%CI 1.2–3.5) compared with the AT1R 1166AA–A CE II combined genotype. Patients who smoked and who carried the ACE ID+DD genotype had 2.4-fold (OR=2.4; 95%CI 1.5–3.8), and with the AT1R 1166AC+CC genotype had 15-fold (OR=14.9; 95%CI 5.2–42.8) increased risk of AMI compared with non-smoking non-carriers. Conclusions: The AT1R 1166A/C polymorphism has association with AMI among north Indian patients, particularly if integrated with ACE I/D polymorphism and smoking.
Treatment of Chronic Noninsertional Achilles Tendinopathy with Endoscopic Achilles tendon Debridement and Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer
Authors: Lui Tun Hing 
Published: March 2012

Decompression with debridement has been shown to be effective in pain management in patients with chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy; however, augmentation with the flexor hallucis longus tendon can provide additional mechanical support. The technique of endoscopic debridement of the tendinopathic tendon together with flexor hallucis longus transfer is described to treat patients suffering from chronic painful noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy with the potential advantage of minimally invasive surgery. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Therapeutic use of a cationic antimicrobial peptide from the spider Acanthoscurria gomesianain the control of experimental candidiasis
Authors: Rossi Diego C , Muñoz Julian E , Carvalho Danielle D , Belmonte Rodrigo , Faintuch Bluma , Borelli Primavera , Miranda Antonio , Taborda Carlos P , Daffre Sirlei 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial peptides are present in animals, plants and microorganisms and play a fundamental role in the innate immune response. Gomesin is a cationic antimicrobial peptide purified from haemocytes of the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana. It has a broad-spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa and tumour cells. Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that is part of the human microbiota. However, in immunocompromised patients, this fungus may cause skin, mucosal or systemic infections. The typical treatment for this mycosis comprises three major categories of antifungal drugs: polyenes, azoles and echinocandins; however cases of resistance to these drugs are frequently reported. With the emergence of microorganisms that are resistant to conventional antibiotics, the development of alternative treatments for candidiasis is important. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of gomesin treatment on disseminated and vaginal candidiasis as well as its toxicity and biodistribution.

Results
Treatment with gomesin effectively reduced Candida albicans in the kidneys, spleen, liver and vagina of infected mice. The biodistribution of gomesin labelled with technetium-99 m showed that the peptide is captured in the kidneys, spleen and liver. Enhanced production of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 was detected in infected mice treated with gomesin, suggesting an immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, immunosuppressed and C. albicans-infected mice showed an increase in survival after treatment with gomesin and fluconazole. Systemic administration of gomesin was also not toxic to the mic

Conclusions
Gomesin proved to be effective against experimental Candida albicans infection. It can be used as an alternative therapy for candidiasis, either alone or in combination with fluconazole. Gomesin's mechanism is not fully understood, but we hypothesise that the peptide acts through the permeabilisation of the yeast membrane leading to death and/or releasing the yeast antigens that trigger the host immune response against infection. Therefore, data presented in this study reinforces the potential of gomesin as a therapeutic antifungal agent in both humans and animals.
What do we know about chronic kidney disease in India: first report of the Indian CKD registry
Authors: Rajapurkar Mohan M , John George T , Kirpalani Ashok L , Abraham Georgi , Agarwal Sanjay K , Almeida Alan F , Gang Sishir , Gupta Amit , Modi Gopesh , Pahari Dilip , Pisharody Ramdas , Prakash Jai , Raman Anuradha , Rana Devinder S , Sharma Raj K , Sahoo RN , Sakhuja Vinay , Tatapudi Ravi Raju , Jha Vivekanand 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
There are no national data on the magnitude and pattern of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in India. The Indian CKD Registry documents the demographics, etiological spectrum, practice patterns, variations and special characteristics.

Methods
Data was collected for this cross-sectional study in a standardized format according to predetermined criteria. Of the 52,273 adult patients, 35.5%, 27.9%, 25.6% and 11% patients came from South, North, West and East zones respectively.

Results
The mean age was 50.1 ± 14.6 years, with M:F ratio of 70:30. Patients from North Zone were younger and those from the East Zone older. Diabetic nephropathy was the commonest cause (31%), followed by CKD of undetermined etiology (16%), chronic glomerulonephritis (14%) and hypertensive nephrosclerosis (13%). About 48% cases presented in Stage V; they were younger than those in Stages III-IV. Diabetic nephropathy patients were older, more likely to present in earlier stages of CKD and had a higher frequency of males; whereas those with CKD of unexplained etiology were younger, had more females and more frequently presented in Stage V. Patients in lower income groups had more advanced CKD at presentation. Patients presenting to public sector hospitals were poorer, younger, and more frequently had CKD of unknown etiology.

Conclusions
This report confirms the emergence of diabetic nephropathy as the pre-eminent cause in India. Patients with CKD of unknown etiology are younger, poorer and more likely to present with advanced CKD. There were some geographic variations.
Clinical characteristics and patterns of healthcare utilization in patients with painful neuropathic disorders in UK general practice: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Berger Ariel , Sadosky Alesia , Dukes Ellen , Edelsberg John , Oster Gerry 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Clinical characteristics and patterns of healthcare utilization in patients with painful neuropathic disorders (PNDs) who are under the care of general practitioners (GPs) in the UK are not well understood.

Methods
Using a large electronic UK database, we identified all adults (age ≥ 18 years) with any GP encounters between 1 January 2006 - 31 December 2006 at which a diagnosis of PND was noted ("PND patients"). An age-and gender-matched comparison group also was constituted consisting of randomly selected patients with one or more GP encounters-but no mention of PNDs-during this period. Characteristics and patterns of healthcare utilization of patients in the two groups were then examined over the one-year study period.

Results
The study sample consisted of 31,688 patients with mention of PNDs and an equal number of matched comparators; mean age was 56 years, and 62% were women. The prevalence of various comorbidities was higher among patients in the PND group, including digestive disorders (31% vs. 17% for comparison group), circulatory disorders (29% vs. 22%), and depression (4% vs. 3%) (all p < 0.01). Receipt of prescriptions for pain-related pharmacotherapy also was higher among PND patients, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (56% of PND patients had one or more such prescriptions vs. only 22% in the comparison group), opioids (49% vs. 12%), tricyclic antidepressants (20% vs. 1%), and antiepileptics (12% vs. 1%) (all p < 0.01). PND patients also averaged significantly more GP visits (22.8 vs. 14.2) and referrals to specialists (2.8 vs. 1.4) over one year (both comparisons p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Patients with PNDs under the care of GPs in the UK have relatively high levels of use of healthcare services and pain-related pharmacotherapy.
KAI1 suppresses HIF-1α and VEGF expression by blocking CDCP1-enhanced Src activation in prostate cancer
Authors: Park Jung-Jin , Jin Yeung Bae , Lee Yoon-Jin , Lee Jae-Seon , Lee Yun-Sil , Ko Young-Gyu , Lee Minyoung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundKAI1 was initially identified as a metastasis-suppressor gene in prostate cancer. It is a member of the tetraspan transmembrane superfamily (TM4SF) of membrane glycoproteins. As part of a tetraspanin-enriched microdomain (TEM), KAI1 inhibits tumor metastasis by negative regulation of Src. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), which was previously known as tetraspanin-interacting protein in TEM, promoted metastasis via enhancement of Src activity. To better understand how KAI1 is involved in the negative regulation of Src, we here examined the function of KAI1 in CDCP1-mediated Src kinase activation and the consequences of this process, focusing on HIF-1 α and VEGF expression.MethodsWe used the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 which was devoid of KAI1 expression. Vector-transfected cells (PC3-GFP clone #8) and KAI1-expressing PC3 clones (PC3-KAI1 clone #5 and #6) were picked after stable transfection with KAI1 cDNA and selection in 800μg/ml G418. Protein levels were assessed by immunoblotting and VEGF reporter gene activity was measured by assaying luciferase activitiy. We followed tumor growthin vivoand immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of HIF-1, CDCP1, and VHL protein level.ResultsWe demonstrated that Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and VEGF expression were significantly inhibited by restoration of KAI1 in PC3 cells. In response to KAI1 expression, CDCP1-enhanced Src activation was down-regulated and the level of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein was significantly increased. In anin vivoxenograft model, KAI1 inhibited the expression of CDCP1 and HIF-1α.ConclusionsThese novel observations may indicate that KAI1 exerts profound metastasis-suppressor activity in the tumor malignancy process via inhibition of CDCP1-mediated Src activation, followed by VHL-induced HIF-1α degradation and, ultimately, decreased VEGF expression.
The possible role of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 4 in the senescence of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Fan Linni , Huang Gaosheng , Wang Haichang , Wang Zhe 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
The decrease and dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been assumed as an important cause/consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, in which the senescence of EPCs induced by hyperglycemia may play an immensurable role. However, the mechanisms of EPCs senescence has not been fully investigated. Recently, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 4 (RSK4), a member of serine/threomine (Ser/Thr) kinase family and p53-related gene, is reported to regulate the replicative and stress-induced senescence of different cells.

Presentation of the hypothesis
These above lead to consideration of an evidence-based hypothesis that RSK4 may serve as a mediator of EPCs senescence in DM.

Testing the hypothesis
EPCs of healthy subjects and DM patients are isolated from peripheral blood and incubated with high glucose (HG). Then, the EPCs senescence would be detected by senescence associated β-galactosides (SA-β-gal) staining. Meanwhile, the RSK4 expression is assessed by RT-PCR and western blot. Moreover, overexpressing or RNA interfering of RSK4 in EPCs to investigate the relationship between RSK4 expression and the senescence of EPCs are necessary to substantiate this hypothesis. Also, studies on possible upstream and downstream factors of RSK4 would be explored to reveal the RSK4-mediated senescence pathway in EPCs.

Implications of the hypothesis
If proved, this hypothesis will provide another mediator of EPCs senescence, and may establish a novel pathogenesis for DM and further benefit to the management of DM.
Ultra-low reflectance, high absorption microcrystalline silicon nanostalagmite
Authors: Thiyagu Subramani , Devi Balasubramaniam Parvathy , Pei Zingway , Chen Yu-Hung , Liu Jun-Chin 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this work, microcrystalline silicon nanostalagmite [μc-SiNS] arrays have been successfully fabricated on glass by catalytic etching process through a template. The template, polystyrene [PS] nanospheres, with diameter and density of 30 to approximately 50 nm and 1010/cm2, respectively, was obtained by a modified nanophase separation of PS-containing block copolymer. The length of μc-SiNS could be controlled by the duration of etching time. The μc-SiNS exhibits ultra-low reflection approximately 0.3% and absorption around 99% over 300 to 800 nm in wavelength. Reflection is also suppressed for a wide range of angles of incidence in wide range of wavelength. This indicates the extensive light-trapping effect by the μc-SiNS and could possibly harvest a large amount of solar energy at infrared regime.