bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voice and vocal health in elite sports coaching: considerations for elite football coaching staff
Authors: Buckley K , O'Halloran P , Oates J 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundWhile voice is integral to sports coaching, currently there is a dearth of research considering coaches' occupational vocal health.ObjectiveTo investigate football coaches' occupational voice use and vocal health (including the role of voice in coaching and the identification and management of workplace risk factors).DesignA mixed-methodological approach (interviews, a questionnaire and acoustic voice measurement) using descriptive statistics and thematic analyses.SettingOn-site at three Australian Football League clubs and one Australian Super 14's Rugby Union club.Participants12 male coaches volunteered to participate. Inclusion criteria required participants to be employed full time as elite level football coaches.ResultsParticipants perceived their voices as crucial for the frequent verbal communication required while coaching. Acoustic measurements revealed that, across work contexts, participants engaged in heavy vocal loads. Coaches also identified various aspects of their physical and organisational environments that impacted negatively on their voices. These vocal demands appear to be associated with negative health consequences. All participants reported experiencing voice symptoms (such as vocal fatigue and hoarseness) at least some of the time while coaching. Coaches suggested several strategies that reduced these symptoms, but were generally unaware of why these assisted their voices. Furthermore, coaches did not actively contemplate how to address risk factors or promote positive vocal health experiences at work.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the critical reliance coaches have on their voices. It also suggests that the nature of vocal demands and workplace environments may negatively impact on coaches' vocal health. While participants demonstrated some insight into their voice use, this did not necessarily translate to awareness of vocal health or management of risk factors. A greater understanding of risk factors and their management is required to better support the occupational vocal health of coaches.
Relationship between training-playing loads and injury risk in elite australian footballers
Authors: Buttifant D , Berry J , Ullah S , Finch C F 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundTraining and match loads are important for ensuring optimal performance outcomes and achievements of footballers and also have an impact on injury and illness among the players. There had been no prospective study of the training/playing loads of first year Australian Football League (AFL) players and associated influence on injury rates.ObjectivesTo measure the training and match loads and determine the relationship between loads and injury risk in the first year AFL football players and then compare this to mature 3+ years AFL players.DesignData was collected through a systematic prospective documentation of the 2009 training-playing loads in all first year AFL players, and a subset of 3+ years players. Data was collected by the club's conditioning or sport science staff weekly for the 2009 competitive season.Results64 first year and 58 3+ years players from nine of the 16 AFL clubs were participated in the study. The first year players had significantly higher injury incidence and prevalence rates compared to 3+ years players, leading to both missed matches and missed training sessions. By the end of the 22 matches of the competitive season, the first year players had collectively missed 4.3 times as many matches and 2.6 times as many training sessions as the 3+ years players due to injury. When the number of players available at any competition week was taken into account, the first year players were 14.3 times more likely to miss matches.ConclusionsThere was a significantly increased injury risk for first year players compared to more mature AFL players resulting in more missed matches and training sessions.
The association between runners' lower limb alignment with running-related injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Carvalho A C A , Junior L C Hespanhol , Costa L O P , Lopes A D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAlthough running is one of the most popular sports in the world, there are few studies that describe the relationships between anatomic characteristics of lower limb in this population.ObjectiveTo systematically review studies aimed at testing the association between lower limb alignment and running-related injuries.DesignA systematic review.SettingThe articles are related with long-distance runners without restriction of competitive level.InterventionsWe performed a search on MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO. The keywords and operands used were: anatomical factors OR alignment OR Q angle OR foot structure OR lower limb injuries AND running. There was no restriction with regards to the year of publication.Main outcome measurementsThe lower limb alignment related with the musculoskeletal injuries in runners.ResultsOf the 1919 studies found, 973 were excluded by the title, 686 were excluded after reading the abstract and 287 were excluded after reading the original text. Eight articles were considered eligible and therefore were included. The main lower limb alignment characteristics related with the musculoskeletal injuries in runners found were: the Q angle greater than 20°, the navicular drop exceeding 5 mm, excessive pronation of the subtalar joint, the length discrepancy between the lower limbs (more than 10 mm), and the height of the medial longitudinal arch (dorsum foot height/truncated foot length ratio, high arch >0.356 and low arch <0.275). These variables as those most associated with the Patellar Tendinitis, Iliotibial Band Syndrome and the Plantar Fasciitis.ConclusionThe main lower limb alignment characteristics related with running-related injuries found were: the Q angle greater than 20°, the navicular drop exceeding 5 mm, excessive pronation of the subtalar, the length discrepancy between the lower limbs, and the height of the medial longitudinal arch.
Injury prevention methods among athletes: how are they really performed?
Authors: Cerulli G , Caraffa A , Ponteggia F , Potalivo G , Rende R , Conti V , Benvenuti E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe effectiveness of prevention programmes in diminishing the incidence of ankle and knee ligament injuries has been established and published in literature but we do not know exactly the real diffusion among athletes.ObjectiveTo assess the application of prevention methods.DesignRetrospective Survey.SettingYouth sport, amateur, professionals and elite teams.Material and MethodCoaches of 176 basketball, handball and volleyball teams (in total 2936 players, 1315 males and 1621 females: average age 15.6 years) in the Umbria region (central Italy) answered an anonymous original questionnaire regarding prevention methods (quantitative evaluation, balance training, landing technique, sport specific movements, video analysis, rapid deceleration and cutting manoeuvre).Resultsquantitative evaluations are performed in 26% of the teams; video analysis of sport-specific movements and playing situations are used in 51% of the teams to improve performance but not to prevent injuries (assessing at risk situations or reviewing the injuries); balance training with board is performed by 55% of the teams (an additional 10% use the board only during rehabilitation); sport specific at risk movements like rapid deceleration and crosscut maneouver are reproduced during training respectively in 49% and 42% of the teams while correction of jump landing strategies is not applied; 38% of the trainers declare they are aware of and use prevention methods.ConclusionsSurveys are a fundamental way to know if the prevention measures are employed. These studies should be performed in every sport and in every country, according also by age, sex and level. The knowledge of basic prevention methods and their use by all the teams is a target that should be rapidly obtained with courses for both trainers and athletes. Moreover these results are helpful in combination with epidemiological data to decide the need of interventions, saving resources.
Investigations of genes encoding proteins within the inflammatory pathway provides insight into the genetic susceptibility of achilles tendinopathy
Authors: September A V , Nell E-M , Connell K O , Cook J , Handley C J , Schwellnus M P , Collins M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAchilles tendinopathy (AT) is a multifactorial condition for which genetic risk factors have been identified. The evidence implicating cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the development of tendinopathy is growing.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify sequence variants within genes encoding proteins involved in the inflammatory pathway which may modulate risk of developing AT.MethodsA case-control genetic association study was conducted and candidate genes within the inflammatory pathway were explored. Functional polymorphisms within interleukin-1 (IL)<beta> (−31T>C and −511C>T), IL-1RN (VNTR) and IL-6 (−172G>C), were investigated for associations with AT in a South African (SA) and Australian (AUS) case-control study. A total of 356 (158 SA and 198 AUS) asymptomatic control participants (CON) and 171 (89 SA and 82 AUS) participants with AT (TEN) were genotyped. Genotype pairs were constructed using the above polymorphisms in combination with the COL5A1BstUI RFLP.ResultsRisk-reducing genotypes were indentified and these genotypes in combination with the COL5A1BstUI CC genotype were found to significantly modulate risk of AT (p<0.025). No associations were observed for IL-1<beta>−31T>C, IL-1<beta>−511C>T or IL-1RN. The GG genotype (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.6; p=0.017) and G allele (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2; p=0.044) of IL-6-172G>C were significantly over represented in AUS TEN.ConclusionVariations within interleukin genes together with the COL5A1BstUI CC genotype are able to modulate risk of AT. This research emphasises that a pathway-based genetic association study may be a more effective approach to capture and understand the genetic risk factors underlying multifactorial conditions, such as AT. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that injury susceptibility is most likely dependent on the cumulative effect of the interactions of sequence variants in multiple genes within biologically significant pathways.
Re-defining normal: bone mineral density in elite female athletes
Authors: Cutti P , Steele R , Shrier I , Garza D , Meeuwisse W , Bacharach L , Matheson G 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundCollege age female athletes are susceptible to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) which puts them at an elevated risk for poor bone health in the future.ObjectiveThe primary purpose of this study was to compare site-specific and total body BMD of college-age female athletes across sports of varying impact level. Secondary objectives included (1) evaluating the relationship between BMD and menstrual, family bone health, and personal bone health histories; (2) to determine the best clinical predictors of BMD in this population.DesignCross-sectional.SettingNCAA Division I female athletes screened at university sports medicine centre.Participants265 (20.1±1.19 years, 66.5±10.9 kg, 1.7±0.09 m) college-age female athletes from 14 different sporting teams.InterventionsPersonal and family health questionnaire, Total Body (TB), anteroposterior Spine (APS), Dual Femur (DF) BMD and Body Composition scans using GE Lunar iDXA.Main outcome measurementsAthletes were separated into three sport impact categories. BMD measurements were compared across the impact levels. Both stepwise regression and classification and regression tree analysis were conducted to determine significant predictors of BMD.ResultsAthletes participating in low and moderate impact sports had significantly lower TB and site-specific BMD values when compared to high impact athletes (TB: High=1.24, Mod=1.18, Low=1.15; APS High=1.33, Mod=1.25, Low=1.21; DF High=1.25, Mod=1.12, Low=1.11). The BMD values for each secondary exposure were lower in those with history of abnormal menses (TB-1.19, APS- 1.24, DF- 1.17), previous stress fracture/reaction (TB-1.19, APS- 1.27, DF- 1.17), and poor family bone health (TB-1.18, APS- 1.26, DF- 1.16). Classification and regression trees (CART) analysis shows highest TB mean BMD was found in high impact athletes with LBM>50.9 kg.ConclusionThere is an ordinal relationship between sport impact level and BMD. Using CART analysis, gynaecological age, impact level and LBM are the best predictors of mean BMD.
Isokinetics: which value is better to report?
Authors: Mendonça L D , Amaral G M , Marinho H V R , Silva A A , Fonseca S T 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIsokinetic tests are golden pattern for muscular performance evaluation. Nevertheless, there isn't any uniformity when reporting and analysing results, many authors have taken the peak torque value as major variable to be discussed.ObjectiveTo verify correlations between values reported in ‘Comprehensive Evaluation’ generated by the Biodex System III pro and to determine the main values related to the total variance.DesignData base analysis.SettingResults from knee isokinetic evaluations in volleyball and football male players realised in LAPREV.Participants117 ‘Comprehensive Evaluation’, only the reports for dominant limb at 60°/s were used.Results‘Comprehensive Evaluation’ reports generated 19 different values. Factorial analysis with Varimax Rotation (KMO=0.687; Bartlett's Test of Sphericity p=0.000) grouped all values in four main factors, named respectively:▶Muscle Strengthening (eigenvalue=7391)▶Performance Rise (eigenvalue=3073)▶Muscle Length (eigenvalue=1858)▶Performance Decay (eigenvalue=1223)‘Total Work’ value showed bigger loading (0.949), this result represents its major contribution to total variance. This value represents the Muscle Strengthening Factor better than any other value. Furthermore, the ‘Peak Torque’ value was only the fourth value to contribute to this factor variance (0.889). The factor grouped 9 of 19 values, all of them related to work, torque and power. The Second Factor comprehended ‘Time to peak torque’ (0.904), ‘ROM’ (0.872) and ‘Acceleration time’ (0.576) values. The Muscle Length factor included ‘Peak Torque Angle’ (−0.912) and ‘Torque @25deg’ (0.798) values and the Fourth Factor comprised ‘Work Fatigue’ (0.838) and ‘Maximum work repetition#’ (−0.540) values.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggested that, during scientific investigation process, to report the appropriate variables is necessary to better define muscular performance. Peak torque should not be the better value to represent Muscle Strengthening and it's necessary to discuss which variable properly answers ours questions.
Correlation between isokinetic profile and shoulder injuries in male volleyball athletes
Authors: Mendonça L D , Bittencourt N F N , Barreto R A , Paiva T F , Porto R F , Silva A A , Fonseca S T 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThere is a high prevalence of shoulder injuries in volleyball and their preventive management is still a challenge. Isokinetic assessment is largely used in sports injury prevention. Few studies investigate the correlation between the isokinetic profile and injuries story, furthermore these studies analyses the agonist/antagonist ratio and do not consider other parameters as fatigue.Objectiveto investigate the differences between injured and non injured dominant shoulder in the lateral/medial rotators ratio and fatigue index in volleyball male athletes.Settingall testing took place in the Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory-LAPREV in elite volleyball.Participants42 athletes (mean+SD age, 21.3+4.1; height, 196.8+0.06 and body mass, 89.9+8.8) were evaluated in this study (28 at injured group). Participants with upper-extremity surgery in the previous 6 months and pain during the isokinetic test were excluded.Assessment of risk factor: agonist and antagonist ratio at 60°/s and 360°/s and index fatigue at 360°/s in 90° of abduction at dominant shoulder.Main outcome measurementtrauma and overuse shoulder injuries story provided by questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed statistical differences between groups in lateral rotators (p=0.039) and medial rotators fatigue (p=0.024). The mean fatigue of lateral rotators in the injury group was 52.9 and 37.0 for non-injured group and 31.6 and 43.8 respectively for medial rotators. No differences were found in the ratio analysis between groups (p=0.403 for 60°/s and p=0.289 for 360°/s). The means were 71.6 and 67.4 for injured and non-injured groups at 60°/s and 56.9 and 63.9 respectively at 360°/s.ConclusionThe results show that lateral rotators fatigue was greater in the injured group and no differences were found in the ratio parameters. The fatigue analysis must be incorporated in the athlete's assessment, because seems to be more informative about injury risk.
Analysis of predictor factors in knee valgus in female soccer athletes
Authors: Mendonça L D , Bittencourt N F N , Santos T R T , Assis M , Carvalhais V , Araújo V L , Silva A A , Fonseca S T 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundKnee injuries in soccer are common regardless of age, gender or playing level. The injury that draws most attention is the anterior cruciate ligament tear and adolescent females seem to have the highest risk. Le Gall and associates (2009) reported 12% of incidence in female soccer players. Several potential risk factors, for example anatomical and biomechanical factors, have repeatedly been discussed in the literature, but lack scientific evidence.Objectiveassess the potential predictors of frontal plane knee angle (FPKA) and the interplay between them, through a non-linear statistical model (Classification and Regression Tree-CART).DesignObservational cross sectional.SettingA professional female soccer team was evaluated in Sports Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory (LAPREV) at Federal University of Minas Gerais (CENESP-UFMG).Participants19 female soccer athletes, mean age 18.27 (2.79) years were included in this study. All participants were healthy, with no current complaints of lower limb injury or pain and no history of previous lower extremity surgery.Assessment of risk factorsThe independent variables were shank-forefoot alignment (SFA), hip abductor torque, hip passive internal rotation (HPIR).Main outcome measurementsThe FPKA during three single leg squat with dominant leg in front of a camera (reflexive marcs were located in ASIS, femoral condyles and in a middle point of the medial and lateral maleolus).ResultsThe HPIR was the main predictor of High-FPKA. 15.8% presented high-FPKA with a HPIR <26.55°. Those with HPIR >33.55° and SFA>17.10° also presented High-FPKA (21%). The model's estimate risk was 15% and the sensibility and specificity were 78% and 84% respectively.ConclusionThe extreme low and great ranges available of HIPR associated with high values of SFA were predictor of knee malalignment in frontal plane. Also the SFA must be considered part of athletes' preseason assessment.
Correlation of age, sex, body mass index and sports modality to patellar rotation in jumping athletes
Authors: Mendonça L D , Bittencourt N F N , Santos T R T , Silva A A , Fonseca S T 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPatellar malalignment reveals a inappropriate tendon traction and could lead to overuse injuries as patellar tendinopathy. There is two angles that describe the frontal patellar rotation: Arno (A) and McConnell (M). There is lack of evidence about the normative data, especially in jumping athletes.Objectiveanalyse the Arno and McConnell's patellar angles profile in jumping athletes.Designobservational cross-sectional.Settingall testing occurred at Minas Tênis Club and at Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory – LAPREV.Participants171 volleyball, basketball and gymnastics athletes (41 female and 130 male) were assessed. All participants were healthy, with no current complaints of lower limb injury or pain and no history of previous lower extremity surgery. The average+SD age, height and mass of the athletes was 15.7+5.1 years, 178.2+14.5 cm, 68.3+16.5 Kg.Assessment of risk factorsAge, sex, body mass index (BMI) and sports modality were the independent variables.Main outcome measurementsfrontal plane patellar rotation in stand position with 30° of knee flexion.ResultsThe means for M and A angles at dominant and non-dominant limbs were −0.87 (+4.75), −4.1 (+5.2), 4.6 (+7.34) and 1.35 (+8.1) degrees respectively. Statistic significant differences were found in AD and AnD limbs at female and male group (p=0.001), in MD at modalities female volleyball and male basketball (p=0.012), in AnD at ages between >19 and 7 to 10 (p=0.005), 11 to 14 (p=0.000) and 15 to 19 (p=0.006) and in AD between normal and low BMI groups.ConclusionThis study shows normative data about M and A angles in jumping athletes. Some associations were found between sex, age, sports modality and BMI with A angle and modality with M angle. These variables must be considered part of athletes' preseason assessment.
Normative values of dynamic knee valgus during single leg squat in basketball and volleyball athletes
Authors: Mendonça L D , Murta B A J , Leite M N F , Bittencourt N F N , Castro V , Gonçalves G G P , Silva A A , Fonseca S T 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundVolleyball and basketball are among the sports with a higher incidence of knee injuries. The inability to maintain a proper alignment of the lower limbs during functional activities could create a knee valgus which predisposes to injury. Thus, the quantification of knee valgus is necessary to guide prevention and clinical interventions.ObjectiveTo establish normative values for dynamic knee valgus during the single leg squat (SLS) in volleyball and basketball athletes.DesignObservational cross-sectional.SettingMinas Tênis Club, Brazil, youth sports.Participants151 athletes (108 male and 43 female) were assessed during national championship preseason. All participants were healthy, with no current pain of lower limb injury and no history of previous lower extremity surgery. The mean age, weight and height were 14.21+2.09; 62.75+14.20 and 173.89+13.42, respectively.Assessment of risk factorsGender, age and sport.Main outcome measurementsKnee valgus was measured as frontal plane projection angle of the knee (FPPAK) during SLS up to 60° of knee flexion. The mean of three repetitions of SLS from each limb was used for analysis, using SIMI Motion Twinner software. The FPPAK was defined as the connections between ASIS, midpoint of femoral epicondyles and anterior midpoint of the malleolis.ResultsThe mean FPPAK during SLS for right leg was 7.08+4.0 and 8.68+4.2 for left leg. There were no differences between ages and genders. There were significant differences between sides in both modalities (p<0.000).The basketball athletes had lower FPPAK on the left leg when compared with athletes from volleyball (p<0.000).ConclusionAll athletes showed an inability to maintain proper alignment during dynamic squat. The differences found between modalities may be linked to the specific technique of each sport and are important to guide an intervention focused on injury prevention.