bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Harris-Galante Cementless THA: A 19- to 25-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Saito Shu , Ishii Takao , Mori Sei , Hosaka Kunihiro , Suzuki Takashi , Tokuhashi Yasuaki 
Published: January 2011

The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term survivorship of primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) using Harris-Galante porous I acetabular and Harris-Galante porous femoral components. From July 1985 to December 1991, we performed primary cementless THA on 76 hips (70 patients). Twenty-nine patients (31 hips) died due to causes unrelated to the THA, and 6 patients (7 hips) were lost to follow-up. Of 76 hips (70 patients) studied, 38 hips (35 patients) were available for follow-up at a mean 22.5 years (range, 19–25 years) postoperatively. Mean patient age at index procedure was 51.2 years (range, 42–65 years). Average Harris Hip Score was 40.5 points preoperatively and 85.8 points at final follow-up. No patient had an early or late postoperative deep infection.
Radiographically, the acetabular component fixation was stable in all 38 hips. The femoral component was bone-ingrown in 26 hips, stable-fibrous in 10, and unstable in 2. One unstable hip required revision of the femoral component. Dissociation of the polyethylene liner occurred in 3 hips without fractures of the metal locking tines and required revision of the polyethylene liner and the articular head. A total of 4 hips had documented revision, and 1 femoral component failed radiographically. The survival rate with the endpoint defined as revision surgery and radiographic loosening was 86.8% at 22.5 years of follow-up. Mean polyethylene wear was 0.085 mm/year (range, 0.031–0.15 mm). This study found that the Harris-Galante porous I acetabular and Harris-Galante porous femoral components produce excellent long-term results.
Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Locking Plates with and Without Screw Hole Inserts
Authors: Eichinger Josef K. , Herzog Joshua P. , Arrington Edward D. 
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of screw hole inserts in empty locking screw holes improves the strength and failure characteristics of locking plates. Twenty 5-hole 1/3 tubular locking plates (Synthes, Paoli, Pennsylvania) were mounted on an oak dowel with a 1-cm gap simulating a fracture with comminution and bone loss. Ten of the 1/3 tubular plates had a screw hole insert placed in the center hole (centered over the simulated fracture), while 10 of the 1/3 tubular plates remained empty in the center hole. The plate–dowel constructs were placed in an Instron 8800 Material Testing Machine and subjected to a series of loading conditions, replicating physiologic loading. The torsional and axial stiffness of each plate-dowel construct was calculated. All plates were then loaded to failure. No significant differences were found in the mechanical properties of the 2 plate constructs. Both the filled screw-hole plate constructs and unfilled screw hole plate constructs demonstrated the same torsional and axial stiffness, before and after being subjected to a combined cyclic and axial torsional load. Additionally, there was no significant difference in ultimate compressive strength or load to failure.
Locking plate technology is a relatively new innovation in orthopedic fracture fixation. The evolution of new and varied applications and implants continues. Persistent, fundamental questions exist concerning the basic locking plate design. This study demonstrates that the addition of screw hole inserts does not significantly change the stiffness, torsional strength, or axial loading strength of 1/3 tubular locking plates.
An Aggressive Group a Streptococcal Cellulitis of the Hand and Forearm Requiring Surgical Debridement
Authors: Bharucha Neil J. , Alaia Michael J. , Paksima Nader , Christoforou Dimitrios , Gupta Salil 
Published: January 2011

Group A streptococcus is responsible for a diverse range of soft tissue infections. Manifestations range from minor oropharyngeal and cellulitic skin infections to more severe conditions such as necrotizing fasciitis and septic shock. Troubling increases in the incidence and the severity of streptococcal infections have been reported over the past 25 years. Cases of streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis have received significant attention in the literature, with prompt surgical debridement being the mainstay of treatment. However, cases of rapidly progressing upper extremity streptococcal cellulitis leading to shock and a subsequent surgical intervention have not been well described.
This article presents a case of an 85-year-old woman with a rapidly progressing, erythematous, painful, swollen hand associated with fever, hypotension, and mental status change. Due to a high clinical suspicion for necrotizing fasciitis, the patient was rapidly resuscitated and underwent immediate surgical irrigation and debridement. All intraoperative fascial pathology specimens were negative for necrotizing fasciitis, leading to a final diagnosis of Group A streptococcal cellulitis. Although surgical intervention is not commonly considered in patients with cellulitis, our patient benefited from irrigation and debridement with soft tissue decompression. In cases of necrotizing fasciitis as well as rapidly progressive cellulitis, prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment may help patients avoid the catastrophic consequences of rapidly progressive group A streptococcal infections.
Results of Coaxial Phacoemulsification Through a 1.8-mm Microincision in Hard Cataracts
Authors: Wilczynski Michal , Supady Ewa , Loba Piotr , Synder Aleksandra , Omulecki Wojciech 
Published: January 2011

Background and Objective:
To assess the results of coaxial phacoemulsification through 1.8-mm coaxial microincision cataract surgery (C-MICS) phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation in eyes with hard cataracts in comparison to eyes with soft cataracts.

Patients and Methods:
Group 1 consisted of 40 eyes of 40 patients with hard cataracts (grade ≥ 4, Lens Opacities Classification System III scale) and group 2 consisted of 45 eyes of 45 patients with non-mature cataracts (grade ≤ 2, Lens Opacities Classification System III scale). All surgeries were performed by two experienced surgeons under topical and intracameral anesthesia. Examinations were performed preoperatively and 1 month after the surgery. Examined parameters included distance-corrected visual acuity (DCVA), autorefractometry, keratometry, tonometry, endothelial cell counts, and biomicroscopy of the anterior and posterior segment. Surgically induced astigmatism was calculated with vector analysis.

Results:

Mean DCVA was 0.16 ± 0.16 preoperatively and 0.92 ± 0.21 postoperatively in group 1 (
P
< .05) and 0.62 ± 0.18 preoperatively and 0.97 ± 0.08 postoperatively in group 2 (
P
< .05). Mean surgically induced astigmatism was 0.48 ± 0.44 in group 1 and 0.53 ± 0.38 in group 2 (
P
> .05). Mean endothelial cell loss was 11.37% ± 12.87% in group 1 and 2.87% ± 9.66% in group 2 (
P
< .05).

Conclusion:
Although density of cataract has an unfavorable influence on early postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss, it did not significantly influence final DCVA and surgically induced astigmatism. C-MICS is a safe and effective method of treatment of cataracts, including cataracts with hard nuclei, and usually leads to good functional outcomes.
Upregulated IL-7 Receptor α Expression on Colitogenic Memory CD4+ T Cells May Participate in the Development and Persistence of Chronic Colitis
Authors: Shinohara Tamako , Nemoto Yasuhiro , Kanai Takanori , Kameyama Kaori , Okamoto Ryuichi , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Nakamura Tetsuya , Totsuka Teruji , Ikuta Koichi , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that IL-7 is essential for the persistence of colitis as a survival factor of colitogenic IL-7Rα–expressing memory CD4+ T cells. Because IL-7Rα is broadly expressed on various immune cells, it is possible that the persistence of colitogenic CD4+ T cells is affected by other IL-7Rα–expressing non-T cells. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two adoptive transfer colitis experiments using IL-7Rα−/− CD4+CD25− donor cells and IL-7Rα−/− × RAG-2−/− recipient mice, respectively. First, IL-7Rα expression on colitic lamina propria (LP) CD4+ T cells was significantly higher than on normal LP CD4+ T cells, whereas expression on other colitic LP immune cells, (e.g., NK cells, macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells) was conversely lower than that of paired LP cells in normal mice, resulting in predominantly higher expression of IL-7Rα on colitogenic LP CD4+ cells, which allows them to exclusively use IL-7. Furthermore, RAG-2−/− mice transferred with IL-7Rα−/− CD4+CD25− T cells did not develop colitis, although LP CD4+ T cells from mice transferred with IL-7Rα−/− CD4+CD25− T cells were differentiated to CD4+CD44highCD62L− effector-memory T cells. Finally, IL-7Rα−/− × RAG-2−/− mice transferred with CD4+CD25− T cells developed colitis similar to RAG-2−/− mice transferred with CD4+CD25– T cells. These results suggest that IL-7Rα expression on colitogenic CD4+ T cells, but not on other cells, is essential for the development of chronic colitis. Therefore, therapeutic approaches targeting the IL-7/IL-7R signaling pathway in colitogenic CD4+ T cells may be feasible for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Absent Bactericidal Activity of Mouse Serum against Invasive African Nontyphoidal Salmonella Results from Impaired Complement Function but Not a Lack of Antibody
Authors: Siggins Matthew K. , Cunningham Adam F. , Marshall Jennifer L. , Chamberlain Jayne L. , Henderson Ian R. , MacLennan Calman A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella are a major cause of fatal bacteremia in Africa. Developing a vaccine requires an improved understanding of the relevant mechanisms of protective immunity, and the mouse model of Salmonella infection is useful for studying immunity to Salmonella in vivo. It is important to appreciate the similarities and differences between immunity to Salmonella in mice and men. Ab is important for protection against nontyphoidal Salmonella in both species, and we have previously found an important role for Ab in cell-free complement-mediated bactericidal activity against Salmonella in Africans. It is unclear whether this modality of immunity is relevant in the mouse model. C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H mice immunized with heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium strains D23580 (African invasive strain) and SL1344 and live-attenuated strain SL3261 produced a Salmonella-specific Ab response. Sera from these mice deposited reduced levels of C3 on Salmonella compared with human sera and were unable to kill both wild-type and galE− rough mutant of D23580, indicating absent cell-free killing via classical and alternative complement pathways. Supplementing immune mouse sera with human complement enabled killing of Salmonella, whereas addition of human anti-Salmonella Ab to immune mouse sera had no effect. These findings indicate that mouse serum cannot effect cell-free complement-dependent killing of Salmonella, because of the reduced mouse complement ability to kill these bacteria compared with human complement. This difference in Ab-dependent immunity to Salmonella in mice and men must be considered when applying findings from the mouse model of Salmonella disease and vaccination response to man.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Mouse S5D-SRCRB: A New Group B Member of the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich Superfamily
Authors: Miró-Julià Cristina , Roselló Sandra , Martínez Vanesa G. , Fink Dorte R. , Escoda-Ferran Cristina , Padilla Olga , Vázquez-Echeverría Citlali , Espinal-Marin Paula , Pujades Cristina , García-Pardo Angeles , Vila Jordi , Serra-Pagès Carles , Holmskov Uffe , Yélamos José , Lozano Francisco 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily (SRCR-SF) members are transmembrane and/or secreted receptors exhibiting one or several repeats of a cysteine-rich protein module of ∼100 aa, named scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR). Two types of SRCR domains (A or B) have been reported, which differ in the number of coding exons and intradomain cysteines. Although no unifying function has been reported for SRCR-SF members, recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) was recently shown for some of them. In this article, we report the structural and functional characterization of mouse S5D-SRCRB, a new group B member of the SRCR-SF. The s5d-srcrb gene maps at mouse chromosome 7 and encompasses 14 exons extending over 15 kb. The longest cDNA sequence found is 4286 bp in length and encodes a mature protein of 1371 aa, with a predicted Mr of 144.6 kDa. Using an episomal mammalian-expression system, a glycosylated soluble recombinant form &gt;200 kDa was obtained and used as immunogen for the generation of specific rat mAbs. Subsequent immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analysis showed significant S5D-SRCRB expression in murine genitourinary and digestive tracts. S5D-SRCRB was shown to bind endogenous extracellular matrix proteins (laminin and galectin-1), as well as PAMPs present on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. PAMP binding by S5D-SRCRB induced microbial aggregation and subsequent inhibition of PAMP-induced cytokine release. These abilities suggest that S5D-SRCRB might play a role in the innate defense and homeostasis of certain specialized epithelial surfaces.
NF-κB1 Inhibits TLR-Induced IFN-β Production in Macrophages through TPL-2–Dependent ERK Activation
Authors: Yang Huei-Ting , Wang Yanyan , Zhao Xixing , Demissie Ezana , Papoutsopoulou Stamatia , Mambole Agnes , O’Garra Anne , Tomczak Michal F. , Erdman Susan E. , Fox James G. , Ley Steven C. , Horwitz Bruce H. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Although NF-κB1 p50/p105 has critical roles in immunity, the mechanism by which NF-κB1 regulates inflammatory responses is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profile of LPS-stimulated Nfkb1−/− macrophages that lack both p50 and p105. Deficiency of p50/p105 selectively increased the expression of IFN-responsive genes, which correlated with increased IFN-β expression and STAT1 phosphorylation. IFN Ab-blocking experiments indicated that increased STAT1 phosphorylation and expression of IFN-responsive genes observed in the absence of p50/p105 depended upon autocrine IFN-β production. Markedly higher serum levels of IFN-β were observed in Nfkb1−/− mice than in wild-type mice following LPS injection, demonstrating that Nfkb1 inhibits IFN-β production under physiological conditions. TPL-2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase stabilized by association with the C-terminal ankyrin repeat domain of p105, negatively regulates LPS-induced IFN-β production by macrophages via activation of ERK MAPK. Retroviral expression of TPL-2 in Nfkb1−/− macrophages, which are deficient in endogenous TPL-2, reduced LPS-induced IFN-β secretion. Expression of the C-terminal ankyrin repeat domain of p105 in Nfkb1−/− macrophages, which rescued LPS activation of ERK, also inhibited IFN-β expression. These data indicate that p50/p105 negatively regulates LPS-induced IFN signaling in macrophages by stabilizing TPL-2, thereby facilitating activation of ERK.
The Role of CD14 in Neutrophil Recruitment within the Liver Microcirculation during Endotoxemia
Authors: McAvoy Erin F. , McDonald Braedon , Parsons Sean A. , Wong Connie H. , Landmann Regine , Kubes Paul 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
During Gram-negative sepsis and endotoxemia, CD14 is essential for the recognition of LPS by the TLR4 complex and subsequent generation of systemic inflammation. However, CD14-independent responses to LPS have been reported in vitro and in vivo in selected tissues including the skin. As the liver is a key target organ for neutrophil sequestration and inflammatory pathology during sepsis and endotoxemia, we investigated the role of CD14 in the recruitment of neutrophils into the liver in a mouse model of endotoxemia. Using dynamic in vivo imaging of the liver, we observed that neutrophil recruitment within the sinusoids and post-sinusoidal venules occurred equivalently between LPS-treated wild-type and CD14-knockout mice. Neutrophil recruitment within the liver was completely independent of CD14 regardless of whether it was expressed on cells of hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic origin or in serum as soluble CD14. Whereas CD14 expression was essential for activation of circulating neutrophils and for the development of LPS-induced systemic inflammation (pulmonary neutrophil sequestration, leukopenia, and increased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels), deficiency of CD14 did not limit the adhesion strength of neutrophils in vitro. Furthermore, wild-type and CD14-knockout mice displayed identical deposition of serum-derived hyaluronan-associated protein within liver sinusoids in response to LPS, indicating that the sinusoid-specific CD44/hyaluronan/serum-derived hyaluronan-associated protein-dependent pathway of neutrophil adhesion is activated independently of CD14. Therefore, the liver microcirculation possesses a unique CD14-independent mechanism of LPS detection and activation of neutrophil recruitment.
TLR1/TLR2 Agonist Induces Tumor Regression by Reciprocal Modulation of Effector and Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Zhang Yi , Luo Feifei , Cai Yuchan , Liu Nan , Wang Luman , Xu Damo , Chu Yiwei 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Using TLR agonists in cancer treatment can have either beneficial or detrimental effects. Therefore, it is important to determine their effect on the tumor growth and understand the underlying mechanisms in animal tumor models. In this study, we report a general immunotherapeutic activity of a synthetic bacterial lipoprotein (BLP), a TLR1/TLR2 agonist, on established lung carcinoma, leukemia, and melanoma in mice. Systemic treatment of 3LL tumor-bearing mice with BLP, but not LPS, led to a dose-dependent tumor regression and a long-lasting protective response against tumor rechallenge. The BLP-mediated tumor remission was neither mediated by a direct tumoricidal activity nor by innate immune cells, because it lacked therapeutic effect in immunodeficient SCID mice. Instead, BLP treatment reduced the suppressive function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor-specific CTL in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, adoptive cotransfer of BLP-pretreated but not untreated CTL and Tregs from wild-type but not from TLR2−/− mice was sufficient to restore antitumor immunity in SCID mice by reciprocally modulating Treg and CTL function. These results demonstrate that the TLR1/TLR2 agonist BLP may have a general tumor therapeutic property involving reciprocal downregulation of Treg and upregulation of CTL function. This property may play an important role in the development of novel antitumor strategies.
The shape of things to come? household dependency ratio and adolescent nutritional status in rural and urban Ethiopia
Authors: Hadley Craig , Belachew Tefera , Lindstrom David , Tessema Fasil 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSeveral related demographic trends are occurring in developing countries: youth comprise a large portion of populations, fertility rates are declining, and urban dwellers are increasing. As fertility rates decline and populations age, the decline in the ratio of young dependents to working age adults is expected to free up household resources, which can be invested in human capital, including youth nutritional wellbeing. We test this hypothesis in a sample of youth (n = 1,934) in Southwestern Ethiopia. Multiple measures of achieved growth and nutritional status are explored (weight, height, mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI) and body mass index for age z‐score (BMIZ), weight for age z‐score (WAZ), and height for age z‐score (HAZ)). In multivariable models controlling for the effects of income, age, gender, and youth workloads, youth living in rural settings had significantly lower weight (1.24 kg lighter), MUAC (0.67 cm lower), BMI (0.45 BMI lower), BMIZ (0.27 lower), HAZ (0.14 HAZ lower), and WAZ (0.3 WAZ lower) than urban youth (all P < 0.01). Compared with youth in the lowest dependency ratio households, results show that youth in households with the highest dependency ratios were estimated to be 1.3 kg lighter, have 0.67 cm smaller MUAC, and BMI that was 0.59 lower (all P<0.01). Similar results were found for WAZ (0.21 lower) and BMIZ (0.36 lower). Youth height and HAZ were not associated with household dependency. These results may point toward increasing levels of human capital investments in Ethiopian youth as fertility levels decline and populations urbanize. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The synthesis of non‐symmetrical stilbene analogs of trans‐resveratrol using the same Pd catalyst in a sequential double‐Heck arylation of ethylene
Authors: Nobre Sabrina M. , Muniz Mauro N. , Seferin Marcus , da Silva Wagner M. , Monteiro Adriano L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe have developed a sequential and selective Pd‐catalyzed double‐Heck arylation of ethylene that results in non‐symmetrical nitro‐stilbene analogs of trans‐resveratrol at excellent yields. A catalytic system consisting of Pd(OAc)2 and P(o‐tolyl)3 permitted us to carry out the two consecutive Heck arylations without losing activity from the first to the second Heck reaction. After the first Heck arylation of ethylene, no isolation or additional catalyst loading is required for the second Heck arylation reaction. This protocol was applied to the synthesis of methylated trans‐resveratrol, which was obtained at a 65% overall yield. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational preferences and pKa value of selenocysteine residue
Authors: Byun Byung Jin , Kang Young Kee 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe conformational preferences of the L‐selenocysteine (Sec) dipeptides with selenol and selenolate groups (Ac‐Sec‐NHMe and Ac‐Sec−‐NHMe, respectively) and the apparent (i.e., macroscopic) pKa value of the Sec residue have been studied using the dispersion‐corrected density functionals M06‐2X and B2PLYP‐D with the implicit solvation method in the gas phase and in water. In the gas phase, the backbone‐to‐backbone and/or side chain‐to‐backbone hydrogen bonds are found to contribute in stabilizing the most preferred conformations for the Sec and Sec− residues, as seen for the Cys and Cys− residues. However, the polyproline II‐like conformations prevail over the conformations with the backbone‐to‐backbone hydrogen bonds in water because of the weakened hydrogen bonds by the favorable direct interactions between the backbone CO and HN groups and water molecules. The Sec and Sec− residues are found to adopt more various conformations than the Cys and Cys− residues in water, although the most preferred conformations of the neutral and/or anionic forms of the two residues are similar each other in the gas phase and in water. Using the statistically weighted free energies of the Sec and Sec− dipeptides in the gas phase and their solvation free energies, the pKa value of the Sec residue is estimated to be 5.47 at 25°C, which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 5.43 ± 0.02. It is found that the lower pKa value of the selenol side chain for the Sec residue by ∼3 units than the thiol side chain for the Cys residue is ascribed to the higher gas‐phase acidity of the Sec residue. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 345–353, 2011.