bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sex on the Out‐of‐hospital Management of Chest Pain
Authors: Meisel Zachary F. , Armstrong Katrina , Crawford Mechem C. , Shofer Frances S. , Peacock Nick , Facenda Kim , Pollack Charles V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground:  Sex disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of chest pain or suspected angina have been demonstrated in multiple clinical settings. Out‐of‐hospital (OOH) care for chest pain is protocol‐driven and may be less likely to demonstrate differences between men and women.Objectives:  The objectives were to investigate the relationship between sex and the OOH treatment of patients with chest pain. The authors sought to test the hypothesis that OOH care for chest pain patients would differ by sex.Methods:  A 1‐year retrospective cohort study of 683 emergency medical services (EMS) patients with a complaint of chest pain was conducted. Included were patients taken to any one of three hospitals (all cardiac referral centers) by a single municipal EMS system. Excluded were patients transported by basic life support (BLS) units, those younger than 30 years, and patients with known contraindications to any of the outcome measures. Multivariable regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. The main outcome was adherence to state EMS protocols for treatment of patients over age 30 years with undifferentiated chest pain. Rates of administration of aspirin, nitroglycerin, and oxygen; establishment of intravenous (IV) access; and cardiac monitoring were measured.Results:  A total of 342 women and 341 men were included. Women were less likely than men to receive aspirin (relative risk [RR] = 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59 to 0.96), nitroglycerin (RR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.96), or an IV (RR 0.86; 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.96). These differences persisted after adjustment for demographics and emergency department (ED) evaluation for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as a blunt marker for cardiac risk. Women were also less likely to receive these treatments among the small subgroup of patients who were later diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Conclusions:  For OOH patients with chest pain, sex disparities in treatment are significant and do not appear to be explained by differences in patient age, race, or underlying cardiac risk.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:80–87 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Minimal Illumination for Direct Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Different Ambient Light Settings
Authors: Cheung Ka Wai , Kovacs George J. , LeBlanc Derek J. , Gao Jun , Sandeski Robert , Leslie Ronald A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives:  This study sought to investigate the minimal laryngoscope illumination required for proper laryngoscopy and intubation in different ambient light settings as determined by paramedics.Methods:  Paramedics qualified to intubate patients in the field were recruited to intubate a cadaver embalmed with a minimal fixation technique designed to maintain tissue integrity. All paramedic participants intubated the cadaver under three different ambient light settings representing possible out‐of‐hospital settings: an outdoor night setting, an indoor setting, and an outdoor day setting. Paramedics were asked to determine the minimal illumination required for intubation of the cadaver under each of these settings.Results:  Twenty‐three paramedics participated in the study. The mean (±SD) minimal illumination required for intubation was 39.1 (±35.4) lux at the night setting, 92.5 (±57.3) lux at the indoor setting, and 209.7 (±117.4) lux at the day setting. There was a statistically significant difference in minimal illumination required between each of the three light settings (p < 0.0001).Conclusions:  Minimal illumination requirements in the out‐of‐hospital setting may be lower than previously recommended. Ambient light intensity affects this minimal illumination requirement, with brighter ambient light conditions necessitating more laryngoscope light output. Further studies assessing out‐of‐hospital laryngoscope illumination should consider ambient light conditions.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:103–107 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Good Work for dentists – a qualitative analysis
Authors: Berthelsen Hanne , Hjalmers Karin , Pejtersen Jan Hyld , Söderfeldt Björn 
Published: January 2010

Berthelsen H, Hjalmers K, Pejtersen JH, Söderfeldt B. Good Work for dentists – a qualitative analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objective:  This study explores dentists’ perceptions of Good Work in the meaning of positive and rewarding aspects in their work in contrast to a traditional problem‐centred focus on work life.Methods:  Nine informants were selected among Danish and Swedish general dental practitioners to obtain variation as to country of origin, gender, age and clinical work experience. Semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim in the original language. Statements concerning positive aspects of work were used for systematic text condensation according to the principles of Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis, as modified by Malterud, generalizing descriptions reflecting aspects of Good Work. Selection of participants continued until saturation of the emerging categories was achieved.Results:  The core of Good Work emanates from the clinical encounter: from the relation with the patient and from the opportunity to carry out high quality odontological handicraft. Social relations at the workplace, as well as organizational values and conditions were perceived as influencing the opportunities to achieve the rewarding aspects from the clinical encounter.Conclusions:  The results implicate a need for developing a work‐environmental model with intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards when dealing with human service organizations. At policy level it is necessary to address the professional culture.
REVIEW ARTICLE: The Unique Properties of Uterine NK Cells
Authors: Manaster Irit , Mandelboim Ofer 
Published: January 2010

Citation Manaster I, Mandelboim O. The unique properties of uterine NK cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immunity system that are able to kill various hazardous pathogens and tumors. However, it is now widely accepted that NK cells also possess non‐destructive functions, as has been demonstrated for uterine NK cells. Here, we review the unique properties of the NK cells in the uterine mucosa, prior to and during pregnancy. We discuss the phenotype and function of mouse and human endometrial and decidual NK cells and suggest that the major function of decidual NK cells is to assist in fetal development. We further discuss the origin of decidual NK cells and suggest several possibilities that might explain their accumulation in the decidua during pregnancy.
Convenient care clinics: Making a positive change in health care
Authors: Evans Steven W. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Purpose: To discuss the impact of retail health clinics, also known as convenient care clinics (CCC), on the changing landscape of health care in the United States. Data sources: Selected articles from the scientific literature and data from the industry literature. Conclusions: The concept of the CCC has been well‐received by the public, and nurse practitioners (NPs) have been intimately involved in the development and expansion of these clinics. The professional association of CCCs has been instrumental in promoting operational standards for CCCs to insure a high quality of service. Some resistance to the concept from physicians remains but the convenience for consumers appears to drive the high levels of satisfaction reported. Implications for practice: Collaboration among all healthcare providers is essential to expand access to care for everyone. NPs are crucial to the operation of CCCs and provide care that is well‐received by consumers.
Psychological empowerment and structural empowerment among nurse practitioners
Authors: Stewart Julie G. , McNulty Rita , Griffin Mary T. Quinn , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Purpose: Empowering workplaces provide practitioners with access to information, support, resources, and opportunities to learn and grow. Empowerment is also a psychological process, which occurs when one has a sense of motivation in relation to the workplace environment. There is no previous research on the relationship of psychological empowerment and structural empowerment in nurse practitioner (NP) practice. Data Sources: Structural empowerment was measured using the conditions of work effectiveness questionnaire‐II (CWEQ‐II), and psychological empowerment was measured using Spreitzer's psychological empowerment scale. The sample consisted of 74 NPs in the state of Connecticut. The correlational scores for the instruments were derived with n = 72 as two subjects had extreme scores on multiple variables and were excluded. There were significant correlations between psychological and structural empowerment for total scores, and within 10 of these tools' subscales. Conclusions: The NPs who participated in this study scored high on perceptions of structural empowerment and psychological empowerment. The results of the psychological empowerment instrument indicated that the NPs value their work and find meaning in what they do. Implications for Practice: The relationships between psychological empowerment and structural empowerment have been linked to work effectiveness, quality patient care, cost‐effectiveness, and retention. Study results support an implication that it is of critical importance for the organization or practice setting to facilitate both psychological and structural empowerment to the NP to ensure successful practice.
Dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia in older adults
Authors: Sue Eisenstadt Ellen 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To review the risks, diagnosis, management, and prevention of aspiration pneumonia in adults over age 65, and discuss the major role of dysphagia as a risk factor in this population. Data sources: A comprehensive search of the literature using PubMed (MedLine) and CINAHL. Conclusions: Aspiration pneumonia is a common diagnosis in older adults and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia, often related to stroke, dementia, poor oral hygiene, or multiple chronic illnesses, increases the risk of aspiration. Nurse practitioners (NPs) need to be aware that frequent episodes of pneumonia may be caused by aspiration: therefore it is prudent to identify dysphagia and implement precautions. Implications for practice: Numerous physical, cognitive, or environmental factors have been identified as predictors of aspiration pneumonia. Knowledge of clinical features, treatments, and prevention will help NPs improve outcomes in older adults with aspiration pneumonia; especially those in long‐term care.
Anemia and its impact on function in nursing home residents: What do we know?
Authors: Sabol Valerie K. , Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Gruber‐Baldini Ann , Morton Patricia Gonce , Hicks Gregory E. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To provide the advanced practice nurse (APN) information on the prevalence and causes of anemia in elderly nursing home (NH) residents, in order to affect diagnostic and management strategies that may help improve physical function and mobility outcomes. Data Sources: Literature review of current peer‐reviewed research articles. Conclusions: In the United States, the prevalence of anemia increases with advancing age, and are reported to be much higher among older NH residents than among community‐dwelling older adults. Causes of anemia among the elderly are often multifactorial. Older individuals with anemia, including mild anemia and even low normal level, have demonstrated lower muscle strength, physical function, mobility, and increased morbidity and mortality outcomes. Implications for Practice: Given the potentially significant relationship between anemia and physical performance outcomes among NH residents, gaining a better understanding will help guide future evidence‐based care by allowing the APN an opportunity to tailor both medical and restorative care interventions. Because anemia is a potentially modifiable condition, intervention may preserve, limit, or reverse functional impairment and/or disablement, and allow for maximal functional independence.
Assessing the effects of primer specificity on eliminating numt coamplification in DNA barcoding: a case study from Orthoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta)
Authors: MOULTON MATTHEW J. , SONG HOJUN , WHITING MICHAEL F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDNA barcoding is a diagnostic method of species identification based on sequencing a short mitochondrial DNA fragment of cytochrome oxidase I (COI), but its ability to correctly diagnose species is limited by the presence of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts). Numts can be coamplified with the mitochondrial orthologue when using universal primers, which can lead to incorrect species identification and an overestimation of the number of species. Some researchers have proposed that using more specific primers may help eliminate numt coamplification, but the efficacy of this method has not been thoroughly tested. In this study, we investigate the taxonomic distribution of numts in 11 lineages within the insect order Orthoptera, by analysing cloned COI sequences and further test the effects of primer specificity on eliminating numt coamplification in four lineages. We find that numts are coamplified in all 11 taxa using universal (barcoding) primers, which suggests that numts may be widespread in other taxonomic groups as well. Increased primer specificity is only effective at reducing numt coamplification in some species tested, and only eliminates it in one species tested. Furthermore, we find that a number of numts do not have stop codons or indels, making it difficult to distinguish them from mitochondrial orthologues, thus putting the efficacy of barcoding quality control measures under question. Our findings suggest that numt coamplification is a serious problem for DNA barcoding and more quality control measures should be implemented to identify and eliminate numts prior to using mitochondrial barcodes for species diagnoses.
Approximation of Common Fixed Points of a Countable Family of Relatively Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Boonchari Daruni , Saejung Satit 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe introduce two general iterative schemes for finding a common fixed point of a countable family of relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space. Under suitable setting, we not only obtain several convergence theorems announced by many authors but also prove them under weaker assumptions. Applications to the problem of finding a common element of the fixed point set of a relatively nonexpansive mapping and the solution set of an equilibrium problem are also discussed.
Fixed Points for Discontinuous Monotone Operators
Authors: Cui Yujun , Zhang Xingqiu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe obtain some new existence theorems of the maximal and minimal fixed points for discontinuous monotone operator on an order interval in an ordered normed space. Moreover, the maximal and minimal fixed points can be achieved by monotone iterative method under some conditions. As an example of the application of our results, we show the existence of extremal solutions to a class of discontinuous initial value problems.
Altered Expression of Neurotensin Receptors Is Associated with the Differentiation State of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Swift Stephanie L. , Burns Julie E. , Maitland Norman J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
In prostate cancer, traditional treatments such as androgen response manipulation often provide only temporary resolution of disease, with emergence of a more aggressive, androgen-independent tumor following initial therapy. To treat recurrent disease, cell surface proteins that are specifically overexpressed on malignant cells may be useful for generating targeted therapeutics. Recent evidence suggests that neurotensin receptors (NTR) are recruited in advanced prostate cancer as an alternative growth pathway in the absence of androgens. In this study, we assessed the potential use of these receptors as targets by analyzing NTR expression patterns in human prostate cell lines and primary prostate tumor cell cultures derived from patient samples. In primary tumor cell cultures, NTR1 was upregulated in cells with a basal phenotype (cytokeratin 1/5/10/14+), whereas NTR2 and NTR3 were upregulated in cells with luminal phenotype (cytokeratin 18+). Similar patterns of NTR expression occurred in benign prostate tissue sections, implicating differentiation state as a basis for the differences observed in tumor cell lines. Our findings support the use of NTRs as tools for therapeutic targeting in prostate cancers composed of both poorly differentiated and/or well-differentiated cells. Cancer Res; 70(1); 347–56
α2-Macroglobulin Inhibits the Malignant Properties of Astrocytoma Cells by Impeding β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Lindner Inge , Hemdan Nasr Y.A. , Buchold Martin , Huse Klaus , Bigl Marina , Oerlecke Ilka , Ricken Albert , Gaunitz Frank , Sack Ulrich , Naumann Andreas , Hollborn Margrit , Thal Dietmar , Gebhardt Rolf , Birkenmeier Gerd 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Targets that could improve the treatment of brain tumors remain important to define. This study of a transformation-associated isoform of α2-macroglobulin (A2M*) and its interaction with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) suggests a new mechanism for abrogating the malignant potential of astrocytoma cells. LRP1 bound A2M* found to be associated with an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, spheroid formation, and anchorage-independent growth. Transcriptional studies implicated effects on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Notably, LRP1 antibodies could phenocopy the effects of A2M*. Our findings suggest a pathway of tumor suppression in astrocytoma that might be tractable to therapeutic exploitation. Cancer Res; 70(1); 277–87
Characterization of Melanoma Cells Capable of Propagating Tumors from a Single Cell
Authors: Held Matthew A. , Curley David P. , Dankort David , McMahon Martin , Muthusamy Viswanathan , Bosenberg Marcus W. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Questions persist about the nature and number of cells with tumor-propagating capability in different types of cancer, including melanoma. In part, this is because identification and characterization of purified tumorigenic subsets of cancer cells has not been achieved to date. Here, we report tumor formation after injection of single purified melanoma cells derived from three novel mouse models. Tumor formation occurred after every injection of individual CD34+p75− melanoma cells, with intermediate rates using CD34−p75− cells, and rarely with CD34−p75+ cells. These findings suggest that tumorigenic melanoma cells may be more common than previously thought and establish that multiple distinct populations of melanoma-propagating cells (MPC) can exist within a single tumor. Interestingly, individual CD34−p75− MPCs could regenerate cellular heterogeneity after tumor formation in mice or multiple passages in vitro, whereas CD34+p75− MPCs underwent self-renewal only, showing that reestablishment of tumor heterogeneity is not always a characteristic of individual cells capable of forming tumors. Functionally, single purified MPCs were more resistant to chemotherapy than non-MPCs. We anticipate that purification of these MPCs may allow a more comprehensive evaluation of the molecular features that define tumor-forming capability and chemotherapeutic resistance in melanoma. Cancer Res; 70(1); 388–97
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of a Human Antibody Cloned from a Cancer Patient That Binds to a Tumor-Specific Variant of Transcription Factor TAF15
Authors: Schatz Nicole , Brändlein Stephanie , Rückl Kilian , Hensel Frank , Vollmers H. Peter 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Human hybridoma technologies permit the cloning of patient antibodies that may have desirable qualities. In this study, we report the isolation of a natural IgG antibody from a stomach cancer patient that illustrates novel diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Human antibody PAT-BA4 recognizes a tumor-specific variant of the transcription factor TATA-binding protein–associated factor 15 (TAF15) that is expressed on the plasma membrane of stomach cancer and melanoma cells but not healthy tissues. TAF15 is a member of the multifunctional TET protein family involved in mRNA transcription, splicing, and transport that is normally expressed only in the cytoplasm and nucleus of fetal or adult tissue cells. However, in malignant cells, TET family members including TAF15 seem to be involved in cell adhesion and spreading. In support of this likelihood, we found that PAT-BA4 inhibited tumor cell motility and tumor cell adhesion. Our findings define a role for a tumor-specific TAF15 antigen in malignant processes. Cancer Res; 70(1); 398–408
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Regulates the Liver Microenvironment in Obese Mice and Promotes Liver Metastasis
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Brodt Pnina , Sun Hui , Mejia Wilson , Novosyadlyy Ruslan , Nunez Nomeli , Chen Xiaoli , Mendoza Arnulfo , Hong Sung-Hyeok , Khanna Chand , Yakar Shoshana 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Among the mechanisms implicated in the tumor-promoting effects of obesity, signaling by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin has received considerable attention. However, the emerging realization that obesity is associated with chronic inflammation has prompted other consideration of how the IGF-I axis may participate in cancer progression. In the present study, we used two mouse models of chronic (LID) and inducible (iLID) igf-1 gene deficiency in the liver to investigate the role of IGF-I in regulating the host microenvironment and colorectal carcinoma growth and metastasis in obese mice. Obese mice had a heightened inflammatory response in the liver, which was abolished in mice with chronic IGF-I deficiency (LID). In control animals changes to the hepatic microenvironment associated with obesity sustained the presence of tumor cells in the liver and increased the incidence of hepatic metastases after intrasplenic/portal inoculation of colon carcinoma cells. These changes did not occur in LID mice with chlonic IGF-1 deficiency. In contrast, these changes occured in iLID mice with acute IGF-1 deficiency, in the same manner as the control animals, revealing a fundamental difference in the nature of the requirement for IGF-1 on tumor growth and metastasis. In the setting of obesity, our findings imply that IGF-1 is critical to activate and sustain an inflammatory response in the liver that is needed for hepatic metastasis, not only through direct, paracrine effect on tumor cell growth, but also through indirect effects involving the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 70(1); 57–67