bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White adipose tissue development in zebrafish is regulated by both developmental time and fish size
Authors: Imrie Dru , Sadler Kirsten C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAdipocytes are heterogeneous. Whether their differences are attributed to anatomical location or to different developmental origins is unknown. We investigated whether development of different white adipose tissue (WAT) depots in zebrafish occurs simultaneously or whether adipogenesis is influenced by the metabolic demands of growing fish. Like mammals, zebrafish adipocyte morphology is distinctive and adipocytes express cell‐specific markers. All adults contain WAT in pancreatic, subcutaneous, visceral, esophageal, mandibular, cranial, and tail‐fin depots. Unlike most zebrafish organs that form during embryogenesis, WAT was not found in embryos or young larvae. Instead, WAT was first identified in the pancreas on 12 days postfertilization (dpf), and then in visceral, subcutaneous, and cranial stores in older fish. All 30 dpf fish exceeding 10.6 mm standard length contained the adult repertoire of WAT depots. Pancreatic, esophageal, and subcutaneous WAT appearance correlated with size, not age, as found for other features appearing during postembryonic zebrafish development. Developmental Dynamics 239:3013–3023, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The G‐protein‐coupled receptor, GPR84, is important for eye development in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Perry Kimberly J. , Johnson Verity R. , Malloch Erica L. , Fukui Lisa , Wever Jason , Thomas Alvin G. , Hamilton Paul W. , Henry Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractG‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent diverse, multifamily groups of cell signaling receptors involved in many cellular processes. We identified Xenopus laevis GPR84 as a member of the A18 subfamily of GPCRs. During development, GPR84 is detected in the embryonic lens placode, differentiating lens fiber cells, retina, and cornea. Anti‐sense morpholino oligonucleotide‐mediated knockdown and RNA rescue experiments demonstrate GPR84's importance in lens, cornea, and retinal development. Examination of cell proliferation using an antibody against histone H3 S10P reveals significant increases in the lens and retina following GPR84 knockdown. Additionally, there was also an increase in apoptosis in the retina and lens, as revealed by TUNEL assay. Reciprocal transplantation of the presumptive lens ectoderm between uninjected controls and morpholino‐injected embryos demonstrates that GPR84 is necessary in the retina for proper development of the retina, as well as other eye tissues including the lens and cornea. Developmental Dynamics 239:3024–3037, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Photophysical Measurements of Phosphite‐Substituted Schiff Base and Azobenzene Li­gands
Authors: Murphy‐Jolly Makeba B. , Owens Samuel B. , Freeman Jason L. , Gray Gary M. , Lawson Christopher M. , Shelton David P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOrganic chromophores with charge asymmetry may exhibit significant second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Metal complexes have been used as the donor, the acceptor, or as the bridge in some of these chromophores. Metal complexes may also be useful in dipolar chromophore orientation and in the building of large molecular structures, but this approach remains largely unexplored. We herein report the syntheses and characterization of a novel class of phosphite‐containing chromophores, O2N‐1‐C6H4‐4‐CH=N‐1‐C6H4‐4‐OP(OC6H4)2 (2) and O2N‐1‐C6H4‐4‐X=N‐1‐C6H4‐4‐OP(OC10H6)2 [X = CH (3), N (4)], and their transition‐metal complexes, cis‐Mo(CO)4(2)2 (5), PdCl2(2)2 (6), and cis‐Mo(CO)4(3)2 (7). The X‐ray crystal structures of 2 and 5 show that coordination of the phosphite ligand to the metal atom does not alter the conformation of the chromophore. Hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements of the compounds in 1,4‐dioxane at 1064 nm indicate that phosphite functionalization causes a small decrease in the β values of the Schiff‐base chromophores {β [esu]: 47 × 10–30 (1), 25 × 10–30 (2), 30 × 10–30 (3} and no change in the β value of the azo chromophore {β [esu]: 62 × 10–30 (4)}. The larger β values of the cis‐Mo(CO)4L2 complexes {β [esu]: 38 × 10–30 (5), 41 × 10–30 (7)} as compared to those of the ligands (2 and 3) are consistent with the 90° orientation of two chromophores in the complexes.
Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of Aryl Halides Using Aqueous Ammonia in Water
Authors: Meng Fei , Zhu Xinhai , Li Ying , Xie Jianwei , Wang Bo , Yao Junhua , Wan Yiqian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTheN2,N2′‐diisopropyloxalohydrazide/CuO system efficiently catalyzed the direct amination of aryl bromides andiodides with aqueous ammonia in water at 60 °C in 24 h or at 120 °C in only 20–30 min. Both activated and unactivated aryl and heteroaryl bromides and iodides were readily aminated in good to excellent yields.
A fluorescence‐based sequence‐specific primer PCR for the screening of HLA‐B*57:01
Authors: Giardina Emiliano , Stocchi Laura , Cuzzola Valeria Foti , Zampatti Stefania , Gambardella Stefano , Patrizi Maria Patrizia , Bramanti Placido , Pirazzoli Antonella , Novelli Giuseppe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAbacavir (ABC) is an antiretroviral drug highly effective in the treatment of HIV, but its intake can cause severe hypersensitivity reaction (HSR). A strong association between HLA‐B*57:01 and ABC HSRs was reported by several studies, which demonstrated that HLA‐B*57:01 screening had a 100% negative predictive value and that it could accurately identify patients at high risk of ABC HSRs. We propose a new sequence‐specific primer PCR assay based on fluorescence detection through CE which is highly sensitive, allowing the use of non‐infective sources of DNA such as saliva and buccal swabs, in addition to blood and reproducible, allowing automation of the analytical process. The results of our study were first compared with a standard sequence‐specific primer PCR technique and reported a concordance of 100%, and then a blind external validation further confirmed the accuracy of our method.
Neues Werkzeug für alte Gemäuer
Authors: Drewello Rainer , Freitag Burkhard , Schlieder Christoph 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBaudenkmäler sind permante Baustellen. Für ihre Restaurierung sind historische Pläne, Entwürfe und Fotos unverzichtbar. Doch die Archive vieler Kirchen, Burgen und Schlösser sind in schlechtem Zustand oder schwer zugänglich. Nun bereiten Kultur‐ und Ingenieurwissenschaftler die Quellen in einem Datenbanksystem auf und machen sie nutzbar.
Winzige Helfer gegen die Pest
Authors: Boetius Antje 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDas Bohrloch im Golf von Mexiko ist versiegelt, doch die Folgen der Öko‐Kastastrophe sind noch immer unabsehbar. Zum Abbau der gewaltigen Verschmutzung tragen auch Mikroorganismen bei, die das Öl im Wasser und auf dem Grund des Ozeans buchstäblich auffressen. Meeresforscher sind den hungrigen Bakterien schon lange auf der Spur.
Socializing geoarchaeology: Insights from Bourdieu's theory of practice applied to Neolithic and Bronze Age Crete
Authors: Jusseret Simon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBecause the history of human life is about ways of inhabiting the world, geoarchaeology should play a central role in the archaeological program and cannot be reduced to a mere subspecialty of archaeology with its own autonomous theories and concerns. Hence there is a pressing need for theorizing; geoarchaeology cannot ignore nearly five decades of theoretical debates in archaeology. This contribution endeavors to demonstrate the benefits that may be achieved by practically applying social theories to the interpretation of geoarchaeological results. Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice inspired a generation of post‐processual archaeologists, yet the avenues of interpretation that this opened up have barely been explored in approaches in the Earth sciences to the human past. It is suggested that the work of Bourdieu offers the possibility to sidestep recurrent issues of scale and incompatibilities of resolution between archaeological and geological dating. The argument is sustained by an alternative reading of geoarchaeological results coming from Neolithic and Bronze Age Crete. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The geoarchaeology of route systems in northern Syria
Authors: Wilkinson Tony J. , French Charles , Ur Jason A. , Semple Miranda 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLinear valleys, termed hollow ways, form a distinctive feature of the North Syrian Bronze Age landscape, but few have been described in detail or excavated. This paper examines the geoarchaeology of hollow way route systems in northern Syria at three scales of analysis: (1) from satellite imagery, at which scale it is possible to examine patterns of hollow ways over very large areas; (2) in the field, where cleaned sections supply ground control and dating evidence for specific features or hollow ways; and (3) using soil micromorphology to investigate the formation processes evident in the hollow way fills. We also use ethnographic analogy to extend the interpretation of the pattern of hollow ways. Finally, we examine the role of these features in the drainage network as well as their contribution to the development of alluvial fills of the Khabur tributaries. The three sections examined demonstrated that the Brak hollow ways were incised into the landscape, probably in the third millennium B.C. or slightly earlier. The fills show evidence of episodic flow and low‐energy soil wash with weak soil development over the last 4000 years. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Taking the pulse of training transfer: Instructor quality and EMT certification examination results
Authors: Russ‐Eft Darlene F. , Dickison Phil , Levine Roger 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Longitudinal Emergency Medical Technician Attributes and Demographics Study (LEADS) provides a representative sampling of EMTs throughout the United States. The present study adds to the transfer of training literature by examining the relationship between instructor quality and National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians certification examination outcomes. The effective sample size included 513 EMT‐basics and 406 EMT‐paramedics. The survey sample responded to questions concerning their experiences and ratings of the quality of the certification education and training. Survey respondents were matched with their certification test results, using the initial score on that exam as well as the number of test attempts. Results showed significant correlations, based on instructor quality on initial exam scores, as well as on the number of tries to obtain a passing score. Implications for HRD practitioners, adult and continuing professional educators, and researchers are discussed.
Computational study of static first hyperpolarizability of donor–acceptor substituted (E)‐benzaldehyde phenylhydrazone
Authors: Lu Shih‐I 
Published: October 2010

AbstractVarious hybrid functionals (B3LYP, B97‐2, PBE0, BMK, BH&HLYP, CAM‐B3LYP, and LC‐ωPBE) implemented in density functional theory were applied to give estimate of static first hyperpolarizabilty (β0) of (E)‐benzaldehyde phenylhydrazone designated as (E)‐BPH. Against those of MP2 computations as a function of the underlying density functional, good agreement was obtained with the BH&HLYP and CAM‐B3LYP functionals. The LC‐ωPBE functional and the B3LYP, PBE0, B97‐2, and BMK functionals underestimated and overestimated β0, respectively. The basis set effect on the calculated β0 was also investigated. It turned out that the 6‐311+G(2d,p) basis set provided excellent converged value of β0. On the basis of the calculated results, we investigated the substituent effect on β0 of donor–acceptor (D‐A) substituted (E)‐BPH systematically by using the BH&HLYP and CAM‐B3LYP computations with the 6‐311+G(2d,p) basis set. We proposed a Zwitterion structure to explain the calculated trend in the substituent effect and the enhanced hyperpolarizability of type II compounds (A‐(E)‐BPH‐D) than type I compounds (D‐(E)‐BPH‐A). Natural bonding orbital analysis carried out at BH&HLYP/6‐311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6‐31G(2df,p) level of theory substantiated the claim. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Radiosynthesis andin vitroevaluation of 1‐(tetrahydro‐5‐hydroxy‐6‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2H‐pyran‐3‐yl)‐5‐[125I]iodouracil: A new potential agent for HSV1‐tk reporter gene monitoring
Authors: Jo Nam Hyun , Kim Jung Young , El‐Gamal Mohammed I. , Choi Won‐Kyoung , Park Jin‐Hun , Kim Eun Jung , Cho Jung‐Hyuck , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Choi Tae Hyun , Oh Chang‐Hyun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSynthesis, radiolabelling, andin vitroevaluation of a new125I‐labelled iodouracil hexitol nucleoside analogue are reported. The target compound was successfully synthesized by an iodination–destannylation method and then purified by reverse phase HPLC. The radiochemical purity of the product was >99% with decay‐corrected yields of 48±3%.In vitrocellular uptake testing was carried out using MCA and MCA‐tk cell lines for comparison of compound 1 with [18F]FHBG. The newly synthesized compound 1 showed higher accumulation in herpex simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1‐tk) gene expression cell line (MCA‐tk cell line) than in the wild type MCA cell line compared with [18F]FHBG. The MCA‐tk to MCA cellular uptake ratio for compound 1 was higher than that of [18F]FHBG from 2 h after incubation. The radioiodine‐labelled compound 1 (I‐125,t1/2=59.37 days) has a longer physical half‐life than F‐18‐(t1/2=110 min) labelled FHBG. Radioiodine‐labelled compound 1 could be used for monitoring gene expression for a long time. The selectivity for MCA‐tk cell line makes compound 1 a promising imaging agent for HSV1‐tk expression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of Brazilian families with primary dystonia reveals a novel THAP1 mutation and a de novo TOR1A GAG deletion
Authors: De Carvalho Aguiar Patricia , Fuchs Tania , Borges Vanderci , Lamar Kay‐Marie , Silva Sonia Maria Azevedo , Ferraz Henrique Ballalai , Ozelius Laurie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe TOR1A and THAP1 genes were screened for mutations in a cohort of 21 Brazilian patients with Primary torsion dystonia (PTD). We identified a de novo delGAG mutation in the TOR1A gene in a patient with a typical DYT1 phenotype and a novel c.1A > G (p.Met1?) mutation in THAP1 in a patient with early onset generalized dystonia with speech involvement. Mutations in these two known PTD genes, TOR1A and THAP1, are responsible for about 10% of the PTD cases in our Brazilian cohort suggesting genetic heterogeneity and supporting the role of other genes in PTD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Autonomic and sensory symptoms and signs in incident, untreated Parkinson's disease: Frequent but mild
Authors: Müller Bernd , Larsen Jan Petter , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Skeie Geir Olve , Tysnes Ole‐Bjørn ,   for The Parkwest Study Group
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlthough nonmotor symptoms are increasingly recognized as key features in Parkinson's disease (PD), the occurrence and severity of autonomic and sensory symptoms in patients with very early and untreated PD are poorly documented. Two hundred seven patients with newly diagnosed, untreated PD and 175 controls from the population‐based Norwegian ParkWest study were included. Postural blood pressure and olfactory function were measured and eight autonomic and sensory symptoms assessed using interview‐based rating scales. Autonomic and sensory symptoms were more frequent in patients compared with controls (mean number of symptoms 2.9 vs. 1.1; P < 0.001) and in the postural instability and gait difficulty motor‐subtype vs. tremor dominant subtype (mean 3.3 vs. 2.5; P = 0.008). In the patient group, reduced olfaction (59%), urinary problems (47%), increased saliva or drooling (42%), constipation (39%), and sensory complaints (34%) were the most frequent symptoms. Daily activities were not affected by these symptoms in 58% of the patients, and the influence on daily activities was rated as “mild” or less for all of these symptoms in 90%. A higher Hoehn and Yahr stage was associated with a higher number of autonomic and sensory symptoms and with the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Autonomic and sensory symptoms are common in patients with untreated, early PD although the severity of these symptoms is mild, with little or no influence on daily activities. The high prevalence of increased saliva or drooling close to the time of diagnosis is noteworthy and not described earlier. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Parkinson's disease dementia can be easily detected in routine clinical practice
Authors: Dujardin Kathy , Dubois Bruno , Tison François , Durif Franck , Bourdeix Isabelle , Péré Jean‐Jacques , Duhamel Alain ,   for the EXECUTIVE study group
Published: October 2010

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is mainly characterized by its motor manifestations, but it is also frequently associated with dementia. Early diagnosis of PD dementia (PDD) is particularly important because effective cholinesterase inhibitor treatments are available. This study aimed at validating a short procedure for screening for PDD in routine clinical practice and which adopts recently published diagnostic criteria. One hundred eighty‐eight patients with PD participated in the study. The examination procedure comprised three steps: standard clinical examination, a short cognitive function assessment fulfilling the requirements of the Movement Disorders Society (Mini Mental State Examination, five‐word test, word generation task, and impact on daily life, including a questionnaire on compliance with medication) and an extensive evaluation of cognitive functions and behavior. After each step, the suspected presence or absence of dementia was recorded. After the short cognitive function assessment, PDD was suspected in 18.62% of the patients [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.32‐24.93%]. After the extensive assessment, 21.81% (95% CI: 16.13‐28.40%) met the criteria for probable PDD. The short battery's sensitivity and specificity were 65.85% (95% CI = 49.41‐79.92%) and 94.56% (95% CI = 89.56‐97.62%), respectively. A stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that use of a specific cut‐off considerably enhanced the short battery's sensitivity (85.37%, 95% CI = 70.83‐94.43%) without decreasing its specificity (83.67%, 95% CI = 76.69‐89.25%). With an easy‐to‐use, short battery of tests that are commonly used in routine clinical practice, it is possible to diagnose PDD in accordance with reference criteria and with the same sensitivity and specificity as in a more extensive evaluation. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Twice‐daily, low‐dose pramipexole in early Parkinson's disease: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Kieburtz Karl ,   The Parkinson Study Group PramiBID Investigators
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo compare the safety and efficacy of low dosages of pramipexole given twice daily (bid) in early Parkinson's disease (PD) with those of a standard 3 times daily (tid) regimen in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled trial involving 311 early PD patients not receiving dopaminergic treatment. Subjects were randomly assigned and followed on assigned treatment for 12 weeks with pramipexole at dosages of 0.5 mg bid, 0.75 mg bid, or 0.5 mg tid, or matching placebo. All subjects were dosed 3 times daily, with placebo if necessary, to maintain blinding. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to Week 12 in the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score (Parts I–III). All active dosages had similar antiparkinson efficacy showing reductions of 4–5 UPDRS points relative to placebo (p < 0.0001) for each comparison. Somnolence, fatigue, nausea, constipation, and peripheral edema were more common in the active treatment groups than in the placebo group, but their frequency did not vary by dosage. In this fixed dosage, randomized study pramipexole administered twice daily at a total daily dosage of 1.0–1.5 mg daily was of comparable efficacy and tolerability to a dosage of 0.5 mg tid over a 12‐week treatment period in early PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Activation method does not alter abnormal placental gene expression and development in cloned pigs
Authors: Whitworth Kristin M. , Spate Lee D. , Li Rongfeng , Rieke August , Sutovsky Peter , Green Jonathan A. , Prather Randall S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNuclear transfer efficiency is low and is thought to be caused by inadequate placental development. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed transcripts in pig placentas derived from in vivo fertilization, in vitro fertilization or nuclear transfer at Day 30 of gestation. Three activation methods were compared: electrical fusion/activation, electrical fusion/activation followed by treatment with reversible proteasomal inhibitor, MG132 or electrical fusion followed by activation with Thimerosal/DTT. Extraembryonic membranes were collected 30 days after artificial insemination (IVV) or embryo transfer (IVF and NT). Extraembryonic membrane cDNAs labeled with Cy5 and a reference cDNA labeled with Cy3 were hybridized to a pig reproductive tissue‐specific 19,968 spot cDNA microarray. Images acquired and assessed by using Genepix Pro 4.0 were analyzed by Genespring 7.3.1. ANOVA (P < 0.05) identified 227 differentially expressed transcripts between the five treatments and 0 between the three activation methods. The nuclear transfer groups were pooled and compared to in vivo samples, identifying 34 up‐ and 19 down‐regulated transcripts (>2‐fold change, P < 0.05). Ten transcripts were validated by real‐time PCR. UPTI, PAG2, and GLUD1 protein was quantified by Western blot and densitometry verified that UPTI and PAG2 proteins had an expression pattern that mirrored mRNA abundance (P < 0.05). Localization patterns were also determined for UPTI, PAG2, GLUD2 and 14‐3‐3 gamma in Day 35 extraembryonic membranes. Observed differences in gene and protein expression in nuclear transfer extraembryonic membranes indicate that an impaired fetal–maternal interface, and not the activation method, may be causing defects observed in cloned pigs. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77:1016–1030, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lead isotope ratios: Tracking the migration of European‐Americans to Grafton, Illinois in the 19th century
Authors: Fitch A. , Grauer A. , Augustine L. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTLead isotope analysis was conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS) instruments on local soil samples and human premolar tooth enamel from a 19th century population from Grafton, Illinois, USA. The goal of the study was to determine if lead isotope analysis could be used to infer place of birth and patterns of 19th century migration into the city of Grafton. Five soil core samples from a location near Grafton, Illinois, five grave soil samples from the city cemetery and the tooth enamel of 19 human premolars were analysed. The results of the soil core analysis indicated that the lead isotopic signature of Grafton differs significantly from isotope ratios of other geographic areas associated with recorded places of birth of 19th century Jersey County residents. Elemental and isotope analysis of the soil samples indicated that diagenesis was not a factor in the analysis of lead isotopic signatures of enamel. From the lead isotope analysis of human premolars, the geographic origin of 13 of the remaining 15 individuals could be inferred. The inferred geographic origin was supplemented by an analysis of 1860 mortality and census records and demonstrated the utility of using lead isotope analysis in bio‐archaeological investigations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.