bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Stuck Pipe in Iranian South Oil Fields Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Shoraka S. A. , Shadizadeh S. R. , Pordel Shahri M. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Stuck pipe is a common problem accounts for losses hundreds of millions of dollars each year in the petroleum industry and have been the cause of very problems while drilling. Therefore efforts have been made to determine the causes of stuck pipe and that will minimize the occurrence of the problem.
This problem is known to occur as several major mechanisms including: wellbore instability, differential sticking forces, improper hole cleaning and the forming of drill-cutting beds, especially in high angle wells. The obvious effect of stuck pipe is lost time and an increase in well cost. Also, losing a section of the hole and downhole tools and having to plug back to redrill or sidetracking would be the worst case scenario.
In this study an attempt is made to develop a model for stuck pipe in Iranian southern oil field drilling wells. For this purpose drilling data including: measured depth, mud weight, plastic viscosity, yield point, 10 second gel, 10 minute gel, PH, percent solid, etc. from forty well drilled in one of the field are selected. Using the multivariate statistical regression and discriminated analysis representing stuck pipe is developed. The developed equations can be used for prevention or reducing risk due to the stuck drill string and avoided from increases of drilling cost and lost time.
Regional Variation in Medication Adherence
Authors: Gibson Teresa B , Landrum Mary Beth , Batata Amber , Fendrick A. Mark , Wang Sara , Chernew Michael E. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
An extensive literature has demonstrated geographic variation in medical services and this variation has been largely attributed to the health care system and not to regional differences in patient behavior. We use empirical Bayes shrinkage models, conditional on patient, firm, and market covariates, to investigate geographic variation in adherence to prescription medications across hospital referral regions (HRRs). Models are estimated for commercially insured patients in 11 combinations of chronic diseases and drug classes. We use factor analysis to create a market-level composite measure of adherence that we relate to adjusted market-level spending on non-drug services. We find that there is a very small amount of variation in adherence to prescription drugs across HRRs supporting the widely held assumption that geographic variation is attributable to the health system. Markets with high adherence have systematically lower medical spending, and this inverse correlation is more likely due to unobserved market traits.
Codes and designs from triangular graphs and their line graphs
Authors: Fish Washiela , Kumwenda Khumbo , Mwambene Eric 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
For any prime p, we consider p-ary linear codes obtained from the span over $\mathbb{F}_p $
p of rows of incidence matrices of triangular graphs, differences of the rows and adjacency matrices of line graphs of triangular graphs. We determine parameters of the codes, minimum words and automorphism groups. We also show that the codes can be used for full permutation decoding.
Geokinematics in GGOS - Different Relations and Dependences
Authors: Pachelski Wojciech , Paśnicka Małgorzata , Szafranek Karolina , Zwirowicz-Rutkowska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2011

Geokinematics in GGOS - Different Relations and Dependences
The paper presents the preliminary results of the analysis of fundamental dependencies between different geodetic concepts related to the one of the GGOS (Global Geodetic Observation System) pillars called Geometry and Kinematics. These relationships are described using UML (Unified Modelling Language) - one of the graphical notations that can be used for information modelling. Concepts are represented as classes with their names, attributes, and different kinds of links between them. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the full description of connections between all GGOS components.
One Contribution to the Friction Investigation in Bulk Metal Forming
Authors: Kačmarčik Igor , Movrin Dejan , Ivanišević Aljoša 
Published: July 2011

One Contribution to the Friction Investigation in Bulk Metal Forming
Friction is resistance to relative motion when one body slides over another. In metal forming operations, both sheet metal and bulk metal forming, friction is undesirable but also unavoidable occurrence. It has negative impact on main process parameters as well as on workpiece quality. In order to obtain accurate results in metal forming experiments or simulations, the precise value of friction has to be known. In this paper several methods for friction evaluations, such as ring test, forward bar extrusion, backward - forward hollow extrusion, twist extrusion are presented and analyzed. A new double backward extrusion model is proposed.
Selected Applications of Virtual Reality in Manufacturing
Authors: Novak-Marcincin Jozef 
Published: July 2011

Selected Applications of Virtual Reality in Manufacturing
Virtual reality (VR) has become an important and useful tool in science and engineering. VR applications cover a wide range of industrial areas from product design to analysis, from product prototyping to manufacturing. The design and manufacturing of a product can be viewed, evaluated and improved in a virtual environment before its prototype is made, which is an enormous cost saving. Virtual Manufacturing (VM) is the use of computer models and simulations of manufacturing processes to aid in the design and production of manufactured products. VM is the use of manufacturing-based simulations to optimize the design of product and processes for a specific manufacturing goal such as: design for assembly; quality; lean operations; and/or flexibility.
Caracterisation of Titanium Nitride Layers Deposited by Reactive Plasma Spraying
Authors: Roşu Radu , Şerban Viorel-Aurel , Bucur Alexandra , Popescu Mihaela , Uţu Dragoş 
Published: July 2011

Caracterisation of Titanium Nitride Layers Deposited by Reactive Plasma SprayingForming and cutting tools are subjected to the intense wear solicitations. Usually, they are either subject to superficial heat treatments or are covered with various materials with high mechanical properties. In recent years, thermal spraying is used increasingly in engineering area because of the large range of materials that can be used for the coatings. Titanium nitride is a ceramic material with high hardness which is used to cover the cutting tools increasing their lifetime. The paper presents the results obtained after deposition of titanium nitride layers by reactive plasma spraying (RPS). As deposition material was used titanium powder and as substratum was used titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Macroscopic and microscopic (scanning electron microscopy) images of the deposited layers and the X ray diffraction of the coatings are presented. Demonstration program with layers deposited with thickness between 68,5 and 81,4 μm has been achieved and presented.
Experimental Tooling for Contact Stress Measurement in Bulk Metal Forming Processes
Authors: Vilotić Dragiša , Plančak Miroslav 
Published: July 2011

Experimental Tooling for Contact Stress Measurement in Bulk Metal Forming Processes
Knowledge of contact stresses in metal forming operations is essential not only for optimal die design, but also for theoretical and numerical analysis of the metal forming processes. Determination of contact stresses can be performed theoretically and experimentally. This paper presents a tool construction with built-in pin-load cells for experimental determination of contact stresses and friction coefficient at upsetting of prismatic specimen with cylindrical dies. This construction allows measurement of contact stresses in any point of the contact surface of specimen, due to adjustable location of pin-load cells. The adjustments are performed by turning cylindrical dies around its own axis in combination with the change of axial position of the specimen. Experimental determination of contact stresses in upsetting of Ck35 prismatic specimens using cylindrical tools was performed at the Laboratory for technology of plasticity, FTN Novi Sad.
Technology-Based Sheet Metal Classification and Coding System
Authors: Šugár Peter , Šugárová J. , Kolník M. 
Published: July 2011

Technology-Based Sheet Metal Classification and Coding SystemGroup technology (GT) concept uses design similarity measure to identify the most similar design and retrieve a useful process plan. One of the existing formal methods of machine parts classifying for the group technology applications is the coding and classification. The researchers have developed many different GT coding schemes, which very precisely describe the design characteristics of the parts, but many of them do not explicitly describe the process plan. The paper presents a new approach to the sheet metal part coding and classification with plan-based attributes implementation in accordance with the technical standard STN 226001.
IL-1R–Associated Kinase-1 Mediates Protein Kinase Cδ-Induced IL-1β Production in Monocytes
Authors: Tiwari Rajiv Lochan , Singh Vishal , Singh Ankita , Barthwal Manoj Kumar 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The role of IL-1R–associated kinase (IRAK)1 and its interaction with protein kinase C (PKC)δ in monocytes to regulate IL-1β production has not been reported so far. The present study thus investigates such mechanisms in the THP1 cell line and human monocytes. PMA treatment to THP1 cells induced CD11b, TLR2, TLR4, CD36, IRAK1, IRAK3, and IRAK4 expression, IRAK1 kinase activity, PKCδ and JNK phosphorylation, AP-1 and NF-κB activation, and secretory IL-1β production. Moreover, PMA-induced IL-1β production was significantly reduced in the presence of TLR2, TLR4, and CD11b Abs. Rottlerin, a PKCδ-specific inhibitor, significantly reduced PMA-induced IL-1β production as well as CD11b, TLR2 expression, and IRAK1–JNK activation. In PKCδ wild-type overexpressing THP1 cells, IRAK1 kinase activity and IL-1β production were significantly augmented, whereas recombinant inactive PKCδ and PKCδ small interfering RNA significantly inhibited basal and PMA-induced IRAK1 activation and IL-1β production. Endogenous PKCδ–IRAK1 interaction was observed in quiescent cells, and this interaction was regulated by PMA. IRAK1/4 inhibitors, their small interfering RNAs, and JNK inhibitor also attenuated PMA-induced IL-1β production. NF-κB activation inhibitor and SN50 peptide inhibitor, however, failed to affect PMA-induced IL-1β production. A similar role of IRAK1 in IL-1β production and its regulation by PKCδ was evident in the primary human monocytes, thus signifying the importance of our finding. To our knowledge, the results obtained demonstrate for the first time that IRAK1 and PKCδ functionally interact to regulate IL-1β production in monocytic cells. A novel mechanism of IL-1β production that involves TLR2, CD11b, and the PKCδ/IRAK1/JNK/AP-1 axis is thus being proposed.
IL-13 Induces Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells via TGF-β–Independent Smad Signaling
Authors: Liu Yan , Meyer Christoph , Müller Alexandra , Herweck Frank , Li Qi , Müllenbach Roman , Mertens Peter R. , Dooley Steven , Weng Hong-Lei 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a central role in stimulating extracellular matrix deposition in the liver, and hence is considered a critical mediator of TGF-β–dependent fibrogenesis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known as the major source of CTGF in damaged liver. However, previous studies revealed that IL-13, rather than TGF-β, represents the predominant inducer of CTGF expression in HSCs. We now dissected IL-13 downstream signaling that modulates CTGF expression in HSCs. IL-13 induces a time- and dosage-dependent increase of CTGF in a TGF-β–independent manner. This process requires participation of different Smad proteins and their upstream receptor kinases (activin receptor-like kinases). Smad1 and Smad2 were identified as the key mediators of IL-13–dependent CTGF expression. Furthermore, IL-13 induces Stat6 phosphorylation in HSCs, but Stat6 was not involved in CTGF induction. Instead, the Erk1/2-MAPK pathway was found to be responsible for IL-13–induced early Smad phosphorylation and CTGF synthesis. We demonstrate that IL-13 induces CTGF expression in HSCs by activating TGF-β–independent activin receptor-like kinase/Smad signaling via the Erk-MAPK pathway rather than via its canonical JAK/Stat6 pathway. These results provide an improved new insight into the molecular mechanisms of profibrotic IL-13 activities in the liver.
Discovery of the DIGIRR Gene from Teleost Fish: A Novel Toll–IL-1 Receptor Family Member Serving as a Negative Regulator of IL-1 Signaling
Authors: Gu Yi-feng , Fang Yu , Jin Yang , Dong Wei-ren , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Toll–IL-1R (TIR) family members play crucial roles in a variety of defense, inflammatory, injury, and stress responses. Although they have been widely investigated in mammals, little is known about TIRs in ancient vertebrates. In this study, we report a novel double Ig IL-1R related molecule (DIGIRR) from three model fish (Tetraodon nigroviridis, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and Takifugu rubripes), adding a previously unknown homolog to the TIR family. This DIGIRR molecule contains two Ig-like domains in the extracellular region, one Arg-Tyr–mutated TIR domain in the intracellular region, and a unique subcellular distribution within the Golgi apparatus. These characteristics distinguish DIGIRR from other known family members. In vitro injection of DIGIRR into zebrafish embryos dramatically inhibited LPS-induced and IL-1β–induced NF-κB activation. Moreover, in vivo knockdown of DIGIRR by small interfering RNA significantly promoted the expression of IL-1β–stimulated proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) in DIGIRR-silenced liver and kidney tissues and in leukocytes. These results strongly suggest that DIGIRR is an important negative regulator of LPS-mediated and IL-1β–mediated signaling pathways and inflammatory responses. The Arg-Tyr–mutated site disrupted the signal transduction ability of DIGIRR TIR. Evolutionally, we propose a hypothesis that DIGIRR and single Ig IL-1R related molecule (SIGIRR) might originate from a common ancient IL-1R–like molecule that lost one (in DIGIRR) or two (in SIGIRR) extracellular Ig-like domains and intracellular Ser and Arg-Tyr amino acids. DIGIRR might be an evolutionary “transitional molecule” between IL-1R and SIGIRR, representing a shift from a potent receptor to a negative regulator. These results help define the evolutionary history of TIR family members and their associated signaling pathways and mechanisms.
Cytotoxic Dendritic Cells Generated from Cancer Patients
Authors: Lakomy Daniela , Janikashvili Nona , Fraszczak Jennifer , Trad Malika , Audia Sylvain , Samson Maxime , Ciudad Marion , Vinit Julien , Vergely Catherine , Caillot Denis , Foucher Pascal , Lagrost Laurent , Chouaib Salem , Katsanis Emmanuel , Larmonier Nicolas , Bonnotte Bernard 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Known for years as professional APCs, dendritic cells (DCs) are also endowed with tumoricidal activity. This dual role of DC as killers and messengers may have important implications for tumor immunotherapy. However, the tumoricidal activity of DCs has mainly been investigated in animal models. Cancer cells inhibit antitumor immune responses using numerous mechanisms, including the induction of immunosuppressive/ tolerogenic DCs that have lost their ability to present Ags in an immunogenic manner. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of generating tumor killer DCs from patients with advanced-stage cancers. We demonstrate that human monocyte-derived DCs are endowed with significant cytotoxic activity against tumor cells following activation with LPS. The mechanism of DC-mediated tumor cell killing primarily involves peroxynitrites. This observed cytotoxic activity is restricted to immature DCs. Additionally, after killing, these cytotoxic DCs are able to activate tumor Ag-specific T cells. These observations may open important new perspectives for the use of autologous cytotoxic DCs in cancer immunotherapy strategies.
Antiasthmatic Drugs Targeting the Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1 Alleviate Central Nervous System Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Wang Liefeng , Du Changsheng , Lv Jie , Wei Wei , Cui Ye , Xie Xin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent proinflammatory mediators and are considered to play a key role in inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Antagonists targeting the receptor of CysLTs (CysLT1) are currently used as antiasthmatic drugs. CysLTs have also been implicated in other inflammatory reactions. In this study, we report that in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animals, CysLT1 is upregulated in immune tissue and the spinal cord, and CysLT levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid are also higher than in normal mice. Two clinically used antiasthma drugs, montelukast and zafirlukast, both targeting CysLT1, effectively block the CNS infiltration of inflammatory cells and thus reduce the incidence, peak severity, and cumulative clinical scores. Further study indicated that CysLT1 signaling does not affect the differentiation of pathogenic T helper cells. It might affect the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by increasing the secretion of IL-17 from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cells, increasing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and inducing chemotaxis of T cells. These effects can be blocked by CysLT1 antagonists. Our findings indicate that the antiasthmatic drugs against CysLT1 can also be used to treat multiple sclerosis.
Coordinated Host Responses during Pyroptosis: Caspase-1–Dependent Lysosome Exocytosis and Inflammatory Cytokine Maturation
Authors: Bergsbaken Tessa , Fink Susan L. , den Hartigh Andreas B. , Loomis Wendy P. , Cookson Brad T. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Activation of caspase-1 leads to pyroptosis, a program of cell death characterized by cell lysis and inflammatory cytokine release. Caspase-1 activation triggered by multiple nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs; NLRC4, NLRP1b, or NLRP3) leads to loss of lysosomes via their fusion with the cell surface, or lysosome exocytosis. Active caspase-1 increased cellular membrane permeability and intracellular calcium levels, which facilitated lysosome exocytosis and release of host antimicrobial factors and microbial products. Lysosome exocytosis has been proposed to mediate secretion of IL-1β and IL-18; however, blocking lysosome exocytosis did not alter cytokine processing or release. These studies indicate two conserved secretion pathways are initiated by caspase-1, lysosome exocytosis, and a parallel pathway resulting in cytokine release, and both enhance the antimicrobial nature of pyroptosis.
The Role of Intermediary Domain of MyD88 in Cell Activation and Therapeutic Inhibition of TLRs
Authors: Avbelj Monika , Horvat Simon , Jerala Roman 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Adaptor MyD88 has a pivotal role in TLR and IL-1R signaling and is involved in mediating excessive inflammation. MyD88 is composed of a death domain and a Toll/IL-1R domain connected by an intermediary domain (INT). The alternatively spliced form of MyD88 lacking the INT prevents signaling through MyD88-dependent TLRs. We designed a peptide from the INT and showed that it inhibits TLR4 activation by LPS when linked to a cell-penetrating peptide. As a new approach for the delivery of signaling-inhibitory peptides, INT peptide acylation also provided efficient cell translocation and inhibition of activation. We determined that INT peptide targets IL-1R–associated kinase 4. Furthermore, MyD88 mutant and molecular modeling refines the MyD88– IL-1R–associated kinase 4 interaction model based on the Myddosome structure. In addition to TLR4, INT peptide also inhibited TLR5, TLR2, TLR9, and IL-1R signaling but not TLR3, which uses Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β signaling adaptor. Inhibition of signaling in murine and human cells was observed by decreased NF-κB activation, cytokine mRNA synthesis, and phosphorylation of downstream kinases. In the endotoxemic mouse model, INT peptide suppressed production of inflammatory cytokines and improved survival, supporting therapeutic application of INT peptides for the suppression of inflammatory conditions mediated by MyD88.
Cutting Edge: Immunological Consequences and Trafficking of Human Regulatory Macrophages Administered to Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hutchinson James A. , Riquelme Paloma , Sawitzki Birgit , Tomiuk Stefan , Miqueu Patrick , Zuhayra Maaz , Oberg Hans H. , Pascher Andreas , Lützen Ulf , Janßen Uwe , Broichhausen Christiane , Renders Lutz , Thaiss Friedrich , Scheuermann Ernst , Henze Eberhard , Volk Hans-Dieter , Chatenoud Lucienne , Lechler Robert I. , Wood Kathryn J. , Kabelitz Dieter , Schlitt Hans J. , Geissler Edward K. , Fändrich Fred 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Regulatory macrophages (M regs) were administered to two living-donor renal transplant recipients. Both patients were minimized to low-dose tacrolimus monotherapy within 24 wk of transplantation and subsequently maintained excellent graft function. After central venous administration, most M regs remained viable and were seen to traffic from the pulmonary vasculature via the blood to liver, spleen, and bone marrow. By 1 y posttransplantation, both patients displayed patterns of peripheral blood gene expression converging upon the IOT-RISET signature. Furthermore, both patients maintained levels of peripheral blood FOXP3 and TOAG-1 mRNA expression within the range consistent with nonrejection. It is concluded that M regs warrant further study as a potential immune-conditioning therapy for use in solid-organ transplantation. The results of this work are being used to inform the design of The ONE Study, a multinational clinical trial of immunomodulatory cell therapy in renal transplantation.
Cutting Edge: Distinct Waves of BCL6 Expression during T Follicular Helper Cell Development
Authors: Baumjohann Dirk , Okada Takaharu , Ansel K. Mark 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells are central to the development and regulation of T cell-dependent humoral immune responses. The transcriptional repressor BCL6 is required for TFH responses, but the kinetics of BCL6 protein expression in activated CD4+ T cells have not been established. We measured BCL6 expression during TFH cell development at the single-cell level using intracellular staining and YFP-BCL6 fusion protein reporter mice. BCL6 was immediately upregulated in all dividing T cells during dendritic cell–T cell interactions. A second wave of early BCL6 expression coincided with the induction of CXCR5, resulting in a distinct and stable TFH cell population. Cognate B cells were not required for the induction of BCL6, but supported the expansion of TFH cells. These data suggest that BCL6 participates in very early events in TFH cell development, and that repeated encounters with APCs reinforce BCL6 expression, thereby establishing the TFH cell phenotype.