bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ischemia and reperfusion on production of nitrotyrosine, activation of eosinophils, and apoptosis in the large colonic mucosa of horses
Authors: Grosche Astrid , Freeman David E. , Morton Alison J. , Polyak Maximilian M. R. , Matyjaszek Sarah A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on indicators of oxidative stress, activation of eosinophils, and apoptosis in the large colonic mucosa of horses.
Animals—40 horses.
Procedures—In 1 or two 20-cm-long segments of the pelvic flexure, ischemia was induced for 1 or 2 hours followed by no reperfusion or 30 minutes and 18 hours of reperfusion in anesthetized horses. Mucosal specimens were collected before (controls; n = 20 horses) and after each period of ischemia, and full-thickness tissue samples were collected after each period of reperfusion. Sections of colonic tissues were stained for histomorphometric analysis or assessment of eosinophil accumulation. Nitrotyrosine was identified immunohistochemically, and severity of apoptosis was determined via the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling method.
Results—Numbers of mucosal eosinophils were similar before induction of ischemia, after ischemia, and after ischemia-reperfusion. Eosinophil nitrotyrosine production increased significantly during ischemia and continued through 30 minutes of reperfusion; production was decreased at 18 hours of reperfusion but remained greater than that of the controls. In other leukocytes, nitrotyrosine generation peaked at 1 hour of ischemia and again at 18 hours of reperfusion. Compared with control findings, epithelial apoptosis increased gradually at 1 through 2 hours of ischemia with no further progression after reperfusion.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that resident eosinophils in the large colon of horses react to mucosal injury from ischemia and reperfusion and may undergo oxidative stress under those conditions. Epithelial apoptosis could contribute to tissue damage.
Road Traffic Parameters Measuring System with Variable Structure
Authors: Burnos Piotr , Gajda Janusz , Marszałek Zbigniew , Piwowar Piotr , Sroka Ryszard , Stencel Marek , Żegleń Tadeusz 
Published: December 2011

Road Traffic Parameters Measuring System with Variable Structure
Systems of road traffic parameters measurement play a key role in the process of road traffic control, its supervision as well as in gathering and processing information for statistical purposes. Expectations of users of such systems mainly concern automation and provision of measurement continuity, possibility of selection of the measured road traffic parameters and high accuracy along with reliability of obtained results. In order to meet the requirements set for such systems, at the Department of Instrumentation and Measurement of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow a new prototype system of road traffic parameters measurement - Traffic-1 - has been constructed. The innovativeness of the solution is manifested in the structure of the system that can be modified by the user adequately to current measurement needs and in the used algorithms of signals processing. The work contains a brief description of the constructed system with particular focus on the used innovations that are the result of many years of research work of the designers.
Particle deposition in natural gas pipelines using computational fluid dynamics modelling
Authors: Veluswamy, Ganesh K. , Utikar, Ranjeet P. , Pareek, Vishnu K. , Pack David J. , Tade Moses O. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTSolid particles within natural gas transmission and distribution pipeline systems are known to create varying operational constraints for pipeline operators—from temporary to complete stoppage of the gas flow. The solid particles can be extremely variable, both in composition and origin. The particles can consist of discrete elements or mechanically and chemically driven combinations of soils, iron oxides, iron sulfides, sulfur compounds, salts, metal oxides, hydrocarbons and other contaminants. These particles tend to get deposited along the walls of gas pipelines under different circumstances. The flow dynamics and the turbulence associated with the flow play an important role in the complex mechanism of particle deposition. In this work, we have shown how turbulence acts as a dominant mechanism in influencing particle deposition. A ball valve's downstream flow was simulated for various opening positions and varying inlet Reynolds numbers to understand turbulence and its effect on particle deposition. The percentage of number of particles getting deposited at the downstream increased on decreasing the valve opening, whereas it was not greatly affected by the change in the inlet Reynolds number. The particle deposition sites at downstream were governed indirectly by valve opening percentage. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mineral kaolinite clay for preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Sirousazar M. , Kokabi M. , Hassan Z. M. , Bahramian A. R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work, nanocomposite hydrogels on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol and mineral kaolinite clay were prepared via freezing–thawing cyclic method without using any chemical crosslinkers as well as any intercalants for modification of kaolinite. The nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, and FTIR methods. The effect of kaolinite content on the gel fraction values of nanocomposite hydrogels was investigated. Thermal and mechanical properties of prepared nanocomposite hydrogels were also studied using the DSC, DMTA, and hardness tests. Finally, the swelling and dehydration kinetics of nanocomposite hydrogels were studied at different temperatures. The morphology of prepared nanocomposite hydrogels was determined as intercalated morphology on the basis of XRD and TEM techniques. The role of kaolinite in the creation of supramolecular crosslinked network of polyvinyl alcohol was exhibited by FTIR and gel fraction tests. The thermal and mechanical experiments showed the reinforcing effect of kaolinite in the polyvinyl alcohol matrix. Swelling and dehydration tests showed that an increase of kaolinite content causes a decrease in the swelling ratio as well as in the dehydration rate of nanocomposite hydrogels. On the other hand, direct dependences of the swelling ratio and dehydration rate to the temperature were observed for all nanocomposite hydrogels. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Thermal and mechanical characterization of EVA/banana fiber‐derived cellulose composites
Authors: Silviya E. K. , Unnikrishnan G. , Varghese S. , Guthrie J. T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractComposite films based on poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) and cellulose derived from banana plant waste have been prepared and characterized. Cellulose whiskers isolated from, banana fibers, by an acid hydrolysis method and were incorporated into the EVA matrix by solution casting technique. The composite films were subsequently examined by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and FTIR spectroscopy. Compared with pure EVA and cellulose, the EVA/cellulose composite systems showed superior thermal stability. The mechanical testing of the composite films revealed that the tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased after cellulose incorporation into EVA. Among the EVA/cellulose composites, 7.5% cellulose loaded EVA showed the highest tensile strength. The percentage strain at break of the EVA/cellulose composite systems was found to be decreased which has been attributed to the restricted mobility of the polymer matrix by the presence of cellulose. X‐ray diffraction studies showed that the EVA/cellulose composites were more crystalline than EVA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of alginate/Hydroxypropyl chitosan blend fibers
Authors: Fan Lihong , Li Mingjia , Gong Yugui , Peng Kai , Xie Weiguo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) was synthesized from chitosan and propylene oxide under alkali conditions. It was characterized by IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). We prepared alginate/HPCS blend fibers by spinning their solution through a viscose‐type spinneret into a coagulating bath containing aqueous CaCl2 and ethanol. The structure and properties of the blend fibers were studied with the aid of IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and XRD. The results indicate a good miscibility between alginate and HPCS because of the strong interaction of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The mechanical properties and water‐retention properties were also measured. The best values of the tensile strength and breaking elongation of the blend fibers were obtained when the HPCS content was 30 wt %. The water‐retention values of the blend fibers increased as the amount of HPCS increased. Antibacterial fibers, obtained by the treatment of the fibers with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, exhibited good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of Water Oxidation Reaction Pathways in Mono‐Ru Catalysts
Authors: Vallés‐Pardo José Luis , Guijt Marieke C. , Iannuzzi Marcella , Joya Khurram S. , de Groot Huub J. M. , Buda Francesco 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAb initio molecular dynamics simulations with an adaptive biasing potential are carried out to study the reaction path in mononuclear Ru catalysts for water oxidation of the type [(Ar)Ru(X)(bpy)]+ with different aromatic ligands (Ar). The critical step of the OO bond formation in the catalytic cycle starting from the [(Ar)Ru(O)(bpy)]2+ intermediate is analyzed in detail. It is shown that an explicit inclusion of the solvent environment is essential for a realistic description of the reaction path. Clear evidence is presented for a concerted reaction in which the OO bond formation is quickly followed by a proton transfer leading to a RuOOH intermediate and a hydronium ion. An alternative path in which the approaching water first coordinates to the metal centre is also investigated, and it is found to induce a structural instability of the catalyst with the breaking of the aromatic ligand coordination bond.
‘Neutralizing the Patient’: Therapists' Accounts of Sexual Boundary Violations
Authors: McNulty Nick , Ogden Jane , Warren Fiona 
Published: December 2011

Sexual contact between psychological therapists and their clients is regarded as highly damaging, both to the clients and to the professions, and regulatory bodies impose increasingly severe sanctions upon those practitioners who are disciplined. The present study captured therapists' accounts of sexual boundary violations through interpretative phenomenological analysis of interviews with three disciplined practitioners about their relationships with clients and former clients. The results highlighted two key themes relating to (i) therapists' efforts to neutralize the power imbalances between themselves and the clients by minimizing the clients' mental health problems, stressing the conventionality of the relationships and not testing the appropriateness of the relationship with their supervisors, and (ii) a shifting identity of the therapist between hero, victim, perpetrator, which permeated their accounts as the relationship moved from success to failure. In order for a sexual boundary violation to occur, the therapist needed to generate a sense of equivalent status between themselves and the client. As the relationships failed, the therapists' accounts of the clients shifted and the inequality of the relationship re‐emerged. The results are discussed in terms of implicit theories and the implications for both training and supervision in the prevention of sexual boundary violations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner MessageIn accounting for their sexual boundary violations, this small sample of therapists minimized the power imbalances between themselves and their clients.Minimizing the client's mental health problems; stressing the conventionality of the relationship; stressing the therapist's own needs—all contributed to the neutralization of the client's patient status.A relationship with a client that we are not willing to discuss with our supervisor should be a cause for concern.
Facial Selectivity in the Diels–Alder Reactions of 2,2‐Disubstituted Cyclopent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐dione Derivatives and a Computational Examination of the Facial Selectivity of the Diels–Alder Reactions of Structurally Related Dienes and Dienophiles
Authors: Liu Pei‐Ying , Wu Yong‐Jin , Pye Cory C. , Thornton Paul D. , Poirier Raymond A. , Burnell D. Jean 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe facial selectivity in the Diels–Alder reactions via endo transition states of the plane‐nonsymmetric dienophiles spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐2,1′‐[3]cyclopentene]‐2′,5′‐dione (6) and spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2,1′‐[3]cyclopentene]‐2′,5′‐dione (7) has been found to be very similar to the facial selectivity of reactions of cyclopentadienes fused to bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (4 and 5). This is strong evidence for steric control in their facial selectivities. Density functional computations involving the reactions of these compounds, as well as a series of conformationally locked model addends (26a–c and 27a–c), revealed geometrical and energetic properties that confirmed that the facial selectivity is governed by steric effects. Steric interactions appeared to be the reason for the low endo/exo selectivity of dienophiles 6, 7, 2,2‐dimethylcyclopent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐dione (20), and spiro[5.4]dec‐8‐ene‐7,10‐dione (23).
Efficient Intermolecular Carbon–Carbon Bond‐Formation Reactions Assisted by Surface‐Condensed Electrodes
Authors: Okada Yohei , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTransient radical cation intermediates generated at electrodes were effectively trapped by reaction partners noncovalently condensed at the surface of an electrode, enabling efficient intermolecular carbon–carbon bond‐formation reactions. When the reactions were conducted with surface‐condensed electrodes, high reaction efficiencies remained even in the presence of a significantly smaller amount of olefin nucleophiles. The concept of surface‐condensed electrodes could offer opportunities for rapid intermolecular reactions.
A Concise Total Synthesis of the Non‐peptide Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonist Velutinol A
Authors: Isaka Nobuhisa , Tamiya Minoru , Hasegawa Atsushi , Ishiguro Masaji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA concise route to the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist velutinol A, a natural product isolated from the rhizomatous of mandevilla velutina (Apocynaceae), has been developed. This synthesis features the highly regioselective construction of Δ14 silyl enol ether 13 from diol 8a followed by stereoselective introduction of a sterically hindered β‐hydroxy group at the C14 position by Rubottom oxidation. A prolonged reaction time and the presence of an excess amount of mCPBA during this step allowed the double Rubottom oxidation to proceed through intermediate 16 to install β‐hydroxy groups at the C14 and C16 positions in one pot. The following conversions from α‐keto‐diol 18 to the target natural product were accomplished by reduction of the ketone at C15, oxidative cleavage of the C15–16 bond, and subsequent deprotection and intramolecular acetalization.
Sustainable Ecotourism in Amazonia: Evaluation of Six Sites in Southeastern Peru
Authors: Doan Tiffany M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIt is widely assumed that ecotourism offers sustainable development opportunities in under‐developed countries, but little is known about the variables contributing to differential sustainability of multiple ecotourism ventures within a geographic region. This investigation compared differences among rainforest ecotourism sites in Tambopata, Amazonian Peru. These rainforest lodges act as stewards of the surrounding habitat. Different histories and philosophies regarding tourism resulted in varied levels of economic, social and ecological sustainability. This study quantitatively examines the differential sustainability of multiple ecotourism sites in a small geographic region. Tourism in Tambopata has a potential for sustainability of local communities and natural resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decoupled circular‐polarized dual‐head volume coil pair for studying two interacting human brains with dyadic fMRI
Authors: Lee Ray F. , Dai W. , Jones J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA major function of the human brain is to mediate interactions with other people. Until recently, studying social interactions as they occur within the brain was not possible due to the lack of measurable methods to observe two interacting minds simultaneously. We have developed a novel MRI dual‐head volume coil pair that can scan two subjects' brains simultaneously while the subjects are socially interacting in one MRI scanner. The feasibility of using this coil for dyadic functional MRI (fMRI) study has been successfully demonstrated for the first time. Meanwhile, an innovative robust scheme for decoupling two circular‐polarized coils (not surface coils) is introduced in theory and validated in practice in the coil technology development. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RETRACTED: Integrated knowledge exploitation: The complementarity of product development and technology licensing
Authors: Lichtenthaler Ulrich , Ernst Holger 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn light of increasing licensing, we challenge the common assumption that product development and technology licensing are substitutes. We develop a resource‐based framework, which distinguishes a firm's technological resource base and technology exploitation processes. We further combine survey, patent, and financial data of 228 medium‐sized and large industrial companies to examine the interactions of firms' product development processes and technology licensing processes in order to explain heterogeneity in new product revenues, licensing performance, and firm performance. The results underscore that product development, which indicates innovative capacity, and technology licensing, which indicates desorptive capacity, are complements rather than substitutes in integrated knowledge exploitation in medium‐sized and large firms. This complementarity is particularly pronounced in firms with an emphasis on cross‐licensing and with a strong patent portfolio. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is tooth wear a reliable means of aging wild European fallow deer in Tasmania, Australia?
Authors: Hall Graham P. , Murray Peter J. , Byrne Matthew J. , Lisle Allan T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe tooth eruption and wear (TEW) technique for aging wild European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) in Tasmania, Australia has been in use for >15 yr, but it is also subjective and relies on the skill of the assessor and their assumptions of tooth wear. Deer managers and hunters have suggested that the TEW patterns observed in Tasmania are not consistent with age predictions of deer based on male antler growth. The cementum annuli (CA) technique provides a more objective assessment of age, but is more costly to perform. Our objective was to examine the relationship between the TEW and CA techniques for estimating the age of wild fallow deer in Tasmania. A game manager experienced in the use of the TEW technique assigned 300 deer jawbones collected from 3 sites during the 2001–2006 hunting seasons in Tasmania to different age categories. We conducted preliminary trials to develop a protocol that reliably exposed the CA in incisor teeth. Finally, we compared the ages determined by both methods. The preliminary trials successfully developed a protocol to use incisor teeth for reliably assessing CA. The CA technique gave a higher putative age than the TEW technique, though the magnitude of this result was dependent on location. The amount of soil ingested by the animals, and whether the animals mainly browsed or grazed were possible reasons why tooth wear varied between locations. Whilst the CA method is effective at indicating the age of wild deer, the method should be proven against known‐aged deer before being offered as a definitive measure of age. Managers should be clear in their objectives whether they require an approximate guide to age or an objective measure of age before deciding on which method to use. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Hexatellurium Rings in Coordination Polymers and Molecular Clusters: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [M(Te6)]X3 (M = Rh, Ir; X = Cl, Br, I) and [Ru2(Te6)](TeBr3)4(TeBr2)2
Authors: Günther Anja , Ruck Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe reaction of an electron‐rich transition metal M (M = Ru, Rh, Ir), tellurium and TeX4 (X = Cl, Br, I) resulted in black crystals of five ternary coordination polymers with the general composition [MIII(Te6)]X3 (M = Rh, Ir) and of the molecular cluster compound [RuII2(Te6)](TeIIBr3)4(TeIIBr2)2. X‐ray diffraction on single‐crystals revealed that the compounds [M(Te6)]X3 crystallize isostructurally in the trigonal space group type R$\bar{3}$c. In their crystal structures linear, positively charged [MIII(Te6)] chains form the motif of a hexagonal rod packing. In the chain, each of the formally uncharged Te6 molecules with chair conformation acts as a bis‐tridentate bridging ligand to two M atoms. The octahedrally coordinated M atoms are spiro atoms in the chain of trans vertices sharing heterocubane fragments. Including the isolated halide ions, which provide charge balance, the entire arrangement resembles a cut‐out of the α‐polonium structure type.In the monoclinic compound Ru2Te12Br16 (space group P21/n), the ruthenium atoms of the hetero‐cubane core of the molecular cluster [Ru2(Te6)](TeBr3)4(TeBr2)2 are saturated by terminal bromidotellurate(II) groups. Again, the Te6 ring is formally uncharged. With the tellurium atoms acting as electron‐pair donors the 18 electron rule is fulfilled for the M atoms in all compounds.