bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination of radiation‐induced senescent cancer cells and stromal cells in vitro by near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Suzuki Motofumi , Kobayashi Hisataka , Hara Daiki , Hanaoka Hirofumi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionTherapy‐induced senescent cancer and stromal cells secrete cytokines and growth factors to promote tumor progression. Therefore, senescent cells may be novel targets for tumor treatment. Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a highly tumor‐selective therapy that employs conjugates of a molecular‐targeting antibody and photoabsorber. Thus, NIR‐PIT has the potential to be applied as a novel senolytic therapy. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of NIR‐PIT treatment on senescent cancer and stromal cells.MethodsTwo cancer cell lines (human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa‐2 cells) and two normal cell lines (mouse fibroblast transfected with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2] cells and human fibroblast WI38 cells) were used. The cytotoxicity of NIR‐PIT was evaluated using anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody panitumumab and anti‐HER2 antibody transtuzumab.ResultsCellular senescence was induced in A549 and MIA PaCa‐2 cells by 10 Gy γ‐irradiation. The up‐regulation of cellular senescence markers and characteristic morphological changes in senescent cells, including enlargement, flattening, and multinucleation, were observed in cancer cells after 5 days of γ‐irradiation. Then, NIR‐PIT targeting EGFR was performed on these senescent cancer cells. The NIR‐PIT induced morphological changes, including bleb formation, swelling, and the inflow of extracellular fluid, and induced a significant decrease in cellular viability. These results suggested that NIR‐PIT may induce cytotoxicity using the same mechanism in senescent cancer cells. In addition, similar morphological changes were also induced in radiation‐induced senescent 3T3‐HER2 fibroblasts by NIR‐PIT targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.ConclusionNIR‐PIT eliminates both senescent cancer and stromal cells in vitro suggesting it may be a novel strategy for tumor treatment.
An overview of the applied use of chatbots for substance use disorder: Past, present and future
Authors: Ogilvie Lisa , Prescott Julie , Carson Jerome 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of this paper was to critically evaluate the use of chatbots as an eHealth resource for substance use disorder. It considers their past, present and future use, including the progression of the new wave of generative chatbots.FindingsThis paper finds chatbots for substance use disorder to be an underutilised resource, noting that there are few solutions and that these have limitations. It identifies that, along with limitations with general chatbot design, there are also serious ethical concerns given the vulnerabilities of the target population.DiscussionHow a collaborative design can address some of the limitations is discussed, as well as the restrictions this could pose to leveraging the latest technological advances. The ethical concerns presented in the applied use of both existing and prospective chatbots are explored, and how there is a need to safeguard users in matters of mental health support.
Prune belly syndrome: A rare case report
Authors: Gyawali Siddinath , Gyawali Balkrishna , Ghimire Bhumika , Shrestha Bibek , Khanal Pratima , Dahal Geha Raj , Koirala Dinesh Prasad 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageIn babies presenting with an omphalocele, other components of the prune belly syndrome should be scrutinized for early diagnosis and timely intervention.AbstractA male baby on his 13th day of life presented with an omphalocele. On evaluation, he had congenital absence of left kidney and bilateral cryptorchidism. Therefore, he was diagnosed with prune belly syndrome. He responded well to abdminoplasty, and wait and watch policy was applied for his cryptorchidism.
Diagnosis of pulmonary lophomoniasis in an elderly anthracosis patient with resistant respiratory symptoms: A literature review and a case report study
Authors: Tajik Jalayeri Mohammad Hadi , Lashkarbolouk Narges , Mazandarani Mahdi 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageAnthracosis causes chronic lung inflammation and immunodeficiency, which are associated with parasitic conditions like lophomonas. Healthcare providers must consider both anthracosis and pulmonary lophomoniasis when evaluating patients with respiratory symptoms, as early detection and treatment can lead to better outcomes for affected individuals. Proper diagnosis and management of these conditions can help prevent complications and improve overall lung health.AbstractAnthracosis is a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by black pigmentation of the bronchial mucosa due to carbon accumulation in the lungs. This condition can result in immunosuppression and make patients more susceptible to parasitic diseases. A 77‐year‐old patient was admitted with fever, dyspnea, and cough with whitish‐yellow sputum that began 2 months ago. Symptoms worsened with partial response to outpatient treatment. Bronchoscopy was requested due to abnormal lab tests and CT scan findings. Bronchoscopy sample revealed anthracosis and microscopic analysis of BAL detected live oval flagellated lophomonas protozoa. Treatment consisted of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotic therapy. Anthracosis is linked to parasite diseases, such as lophomonas; thus, concurrent pulmonary lophomoniasis should be considered when anthracosis is identified. Healthcare providers must be vigilant in diagnosing and treating both anthracosis and pulmonary lophomoniasis, as the presence of one may indicate the possibility of the other.
Surface‐Segregated IrCo Nanoparticles on CoO Nanosheets with Ultralow Ir Loading for Efficient Acidic Water Splitting
Authors: Zaman Bilal , Fan Jinchang , Wang Dewen , Fan Huafeng , Gong Ming , Faizan Muhammad , Cui Xiaoqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIrO2 is the benchmark catalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), however, the high cost and low earth abundance hinder its large‐scale application. Herein, surface‐segregated IrCo nanoparticles on CoO nanosheets with a strong electronic interaction are synthesized through the ion exchange‐pyrolysis method. The resulting IrCo−CoO heterostructures, containing an ultra‐low Ir content of 4.73 wt %, demonstrate exceptional performance in the acidic OER. The catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 270 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability, with noticeable activity decay observed only after 140 hours of continuous operation. These results surpass most reported Ir‐based electrocatalysts. Specifically, the mass activity at the overpotential of 300 mV for the IrCo−CoO catalyst reaches 124.52 mA mgIr−1, which is 20 times higher than that of commercial IrO2. Furthermore, we constructed a home‐made overall water splitting cell utilizing IrCo−CoO heterostructures as both anode and cathode electrodes, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm‐−2 at a voltage of 1.51 V. Our findings present a promising strategy for designing high‐efficient catalysts with significantly reduced noble metals loading.
Aggregation Mechanisms and Molecular Structures of Amyloid‐β in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Niu Zheng , Gui Xinrui , Feng Shuang , Reif Bernd 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmyloid plaques are a major pathological hallmark involved in Alzheimer's disease and consist of deposits of the amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ). The aggregation process of Aβ is highly complex, which leads to polymorphous aggregates with different structures. In addition to aberrant aggregation, Aβ oligomers can undergo liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) and form dynamic condensates. It has been hypothesized that these amyloid liquid droplets affect and modulate amyloid fibril formation. In this review, we briefly introduce the relationship between stress granules and amyloid protein aggregation that is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Then we highlight the regulatory role of LLPS in Aβ aggregation and discuss the potential relationship between Aβ phase transition and aggregation. Furthermore, we summarize the current structures of Aβ oligomers and amyloid fibrils, which have been determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM). The structural variations of Aβ aggregates provide an explanation for the different levels of toxicity, shed light on the aggregation mechanism and may pave the way towards structure‐based drug design for both clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding racial differences in financial hardship among older adults surviving cancer
Authors: Davis Elizabeth S. , Poulson Michael R. , Yarbro Alaina A. , Franks Jeffrey A. , Bhatia Smita , Kenzik Kelly M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite Medicare coverage, financial hardship is a prevalent issue among those diagnosed with cancer at age 65 years and older, particularly among those belonging to a racial or ethnic minority group. Sociodemographic, clinical, and area‐level factors may mediate this relationship; however, no studies have assessed the extent to which these factors contribute to the racial/ethnic disparities in financial hardship.MethodsSurveys assessing financial hardship were completed by 721 White (84%) or Black (16%) patients (aged 65 years and older) who were diagnosed with breast (34%), prostate (27%), lung (17%), or colorectal (14%) cancer or lymphoma (9%) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 2000 and 2019. Financial hardship included material, psychological, and behavioral domains. Nonlinear Blinder–Oaxaca effect decomposition methods were used to evaluate the extent to which individual and area‐level factors contribute to racial disparities in financial hardship.ResultsBlack patients reported lower income (65% vs. 34% earning <$50,000) and greater scores on the Area Deprivation Index (median, 93.0 vs. 55.0). Black patients reported significantly higher rates of overall (39% vs. 18%), material (29% vs. 11%), and psychological (27% vs. 11%) hardship compared with White patients. Overall, the observed characteristics explained 51% of racial differences in financial hardship among cancer survivors, primarily because of differences in income (23%) and area deprivation (11%).ConclusionsThe current results identify primary contributors to racial disparities in financial hardship among older cancer survivors, which can be used to develop targeted interventions and allocate resources to those at greatest risk for financial hardship.
Recent advances in robust and ultra‐thin Li metal anode
Authors: Luo Zheng , Cao Yang , Xu Guobao , Sun Wenrui , Xiao Xuhuan , Liu Hui , Wang Shanshan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLi metal batteries have been widely expected to break the energy‐density limits of current Li‐ion batteries, showing impressive prospects for the next‐generation electrochemical energy storage system. Although much progress has been achieved in stabilizing the Li metal anode, the current Li electrode still lacks efficiency and safety. Moreover, a practical Li metal battery requires a thickness‐controllable Li electrode to maximally balance the energy density and stability. However, due to the stickiness and fragile nature of Li metal, manufacturing Li ingot into thin electrodes from conventional approaches has historically remained challenging, limiting the sufficient utilization of energy density in Li metal batteries. Aiming at the practical application of Li metal anode, the current issues and their initiation mechanism are comprehensively summarized from the stability and processability perspectives. Recent advances in robust and ultra‐thin Li metal anode are outlined from methodology innovation to provide an overall insight. Finally, challenges and prospective developments regarding this burgeoning field are critically discussed to afford future outlooks. With the development of advanced processing and modification technology, we are optimistic that a truly great leap will be achieved in the foreseeable future toward the industrial application of Li metal batteries.
Extramedullary T‐lymphoblastic blast crisis in a young male with chronic myeloid leukemia: A rare presentation diagnosed on cytology and flow cytometric immunophenotyping
Authors: Kaur Gunjangeet , Gupta Parikshaa , Mallik Nabhajeet , Gupta Nalini , Sachdeva Man Updesh Singh , Malhotra Pankaj 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundExtramedullary blast proliferations (EBPs) are known to occur in around 15% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in the blast phase. Immunophenotypically, the EBPs are commonly myeloid as compared to the lymphoid. Amongst the lymphoid EBPs, T‐lymphoblastic type is considerably rare. Furthermore, the occurrence of EBPs at the initial clinical presentation is extremely rare and such presentations almost always portend the occurrence of an imminent hematological blast crisis shortly.CaseA 25‐year‐old male presented with abdominal fullness for 1 month. There was no history of abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, weight loss, or night sweats. On clinical examination, the patient was found to have pallor and was febrile. There was hepatosplenomegaly and a single, firm, mobile, left posterior cervical lymph node measuring 1.5 × 1 cm was palpable. Routine blood counts revealed anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. A fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from the cervical revealed T‐lymphoid EBP, confirmed by flow cytometry. Subsequently, his bone marrow examination revealed a diagnosis of CML with BCR::ABL1 fusion. Thus, a final diagnosis of CML with extramedullary T‐lymphoid blast crisis localized to the cervical lymph node was rendered.ConclusionsThe present report, besides highlighting the utility of FNA cytology in rendering such challenging diagnoses, also reiterates the significance of ancillary techniques, such as flow cytometry, which play a key role in early diagnosis and exact characterization of such rare and aggressive hematolymphoid neoplasms.
Confirmation of ethanol administration in racing greyhounds by LC‐MS‐MS
Authors: Cawley Adam , Karamatic Steven , Sutton Gordon , Hibbert D. Brynn , McKinney Andrew R. , Nelis Samantha , Caldwell Karen , Young E. Bruce , Richards Stacey , Keledjian John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEthanol is a prohibited substance in professional animal racing as its administration causes physiological effects such as depression of the central nervous system. Regulation of potential doping agents, including those that inhibit performance, is critical to ensure integrity and animal welfare in greyhound racing, but the detection of ethanol is complicated by dietary and/or environmental exposure. In response, a reliable analytical method capable of detecting recent ethanol administration in greyhound urine samples was validated and implemented. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS) was used to investigate the variation in urinary ethanol metabolites; ethyl‐β‐D glucuronide (EG;
= 1.0 μg/ml,
= 3.3 μg/ml) and ethyl sulfate (ES;
= 0.9 μg/ml,
= 1.9 μg/ml) levels from a reference population of 202 racing greyhounds. These were compared to urine samples collected following administration of ethanol to one male and one female greyhound. Results were used to establish a threshold within the national rules of greyhound racing:
and
> 20 μg/ml in urine are defensible criteria to confirm ethanol administration to greyhounds. Case studies of competition samples are provided to demonstrate the forensic translation of this work.
Sea urchin roe quality within urchin barrens and improvement through kelp restoration
Authors: Miller Kelsey I. , Balemi Celia A. , Blain Caitlin O. , Spyksma Arie J. P. , Shears Nick T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSea urchin overgrazing is a major cause of kelp loss and consequently sea urchin removal is frequently promoted as a tool for restoring kelp in urchin barrens. While many sea urchin species support high‐end roe fisheries, roe condition is generally lower in barrens than in kelp forests due to reduced food availability. Understanding how roe condition varies between kelp and barren habitats, and in response to kelp restoration, is key to developing effective, culturally and socially acceptable approaches to sea urchin removal and for assessing the potential benefits of kelp restoration. We assessed whether sea urchin roe quality within urchin barrens in northeastern Aotearoa New Zealand can be sufficient for harvest, and whether sea urchin removal can ultimately enhance urchin roe condition (by increasing food quality and quantity). We monitored roe condition (roe weight and gonadosomatic index [GSI]) in kelp forest and urchin barrens monthly for one year at two sites, and quarterly over two years at four sites following large‐scale (1.6–2 ha) sea urchin removal from urchin barrens. While roe condition was generally lower in barrens, the magnitude of this difference varied seasonally and among sites. Sea urchin roe quality within barrens was sufficient for commercial harvest (GSI ≥ 6%) during spring–summer at three sites. Following large‐scale sea urchin removal, kelp and fucoid density increased over two years (~9–58 plants m−2), but remained low in barren control areas. Although variable, sea urchins from removal areas (restored kelp) typically showed increased GSI, roe weight, and improved roe color within nine months following removal. These results suggest that, at some locations, harvest may provide a viable method for removing urchins from urchin barrens for kelp restoration purposes. However, to ensure sea urchin densities are reduced and maintained below the critical levels needed to achieve restoration outcomes, strategic approaches with critical evaluation of methods are required. Furthermore, we demonstrate that effectively removing urchins and promoting kelp recovery can ultimately improve urchin roe quality.
Fire in the rainforest: A 3200‐year history of fire in a West Kalimantan, Indonesia, tropical rainforest
Authors: Hendricks Lauren B. , Anshari Gusti Z. , Gavin Daniel G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite its perceived historical rarity, fire is an important disturbance in tropical rainforests. Very large rainforest fires have been observed multiple times in recent decades, often during years of strong El Niño‐Southern Oscillation droughts. Fire in rainforest has major short‐term consequences for humans and wildlife by converting forest to fire‐prone fern, shrub, and grass, but the long‐term effects remain to be seen. Borneo's indigenous groups have been using fire to clear land for centuries, yet the prevalence and spatial patterns of premodern fire across forest types in Borneo are not well understood. This research set out to reconstruct fire in a 1500‐ha primary rainforest spanning 800 m of elevation in Indonesian Borneo with the goal of elucidating the role humans have played in rainforest fire. We found that humans played an important role in the occurrence of fire in recent centuries. Evidence of fire—charcoal >2 mm—is more abundant in forest types where humans would be more likely to live and/or practice swidden agriculture. However, pyrogenic material is ubiquitous across the study area, showing that all forest types have experienced fire. A set of 50 radiocarbon dates showed that in lowland areas—where human‐caused fire is most likely—fire occurred throughout the last 3200 years, peaking 1300–1600 ce. The upland areas lacked evidence of fire before 1250 ce but otherwise had a similar pattern to the lowlands. The period of high fire coincides with regional demographic changes as well as regional droughts documented elsewhere in Southeast Asia. In upland areas, fires likely burned only under regional drought when fires could more easily spread upslope. Although forest plot studies at this site show little structural evidence of past fires, tree diversity is lower than expected in the most burned areas (alluvial benches). Thus, our results suggest that land clearance was a major source of fire, but the current intact state of these rainforests indicates that they were largely resilient to fires and land use hundreds of years ago. Recent fires mirror patterns of fire spread that occurred hundreds of years ago, though their severity and extent are likely much greater.
Right ventricular dysfunction and impaired right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling in paradoxical low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis
Authors: Nies Richard J. , Nettersheim Felix S. , Braumann Simon , Ney Svenja , Ochs Laurin , Dohr Johannes , Nies Jasper F. , Wienemann Hendrik , Adam Matti , Mauri Victor , Baldus Stephan , Rosenkranz Stephan 
Published: June 2024

AimsParadoxical low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis (pLFLG AS) may represent a diagnostic challenge, and its pathophysiology is complex. While left ventricular (LV) systolic function is preserved, right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) and consecutive LV underfilling may contribute to low‐flow and reduced stroke volume index, and to adverse outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of RVD in pLFLG AS, and to assess the impact of pre‐procedural RVD on clinical outcomes after TAVI in patients with pLFLG AS.Methods and resultsOut of 2739 native AS patients, who received TAVI at the University of Cologne Heart Center between March 2013 and June 2021, 114 patients displayed pLFLG AS and were included in this study. Right ventricular (RV) function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, and a fractional area change (FAC) ≤35% and/or a tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) <18 mm determined RVD. In addition, the TAPSE/systolic pulmonary artery pressure ratio (TAPSE/sPAP) was monitored as a measure of RV–pulmonary arterial (PA) coupling. An impaired FAC and TAPSE was present in 21.9% and 45.6% of patients, respectively, identifying RVD in 50.0%. RVD (p = 0.016), reduced FAC (p = 0.049), reduced TAPSE (p = 0.035) and impaired RV–PA coupling (TAPSE/sPAP ratio <0.31 mm/mmHg; p = 0.009) were associated with significantly higher all‐cause mortality compared to patients with normal RV function. After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, EuroSCORE II, previous myocardial infarction and mitral regurgitation, independent predictors for all‐cause mortality were FAC, sPAP, TAPSE/sPAP ratio, right atrial area, RV diameter and tricuspid regurgitation.ConclusionsAdverse RV remodelling, RVD and impaired RV–PA coupling provide an explanation for low‐flow and reduced stroke volume index in a subset of patients with pLFLG AS, and are associated with excess mortality after TAVI.
Mechanistic Insight on the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols by Trivalent Copper from DFT Calculations
Authors: Wang Guanqi , Jarjayes Olivier , Moreau Yohann , Thomas Fabrice 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of alcohol oxidation by a Cu(III) anilidosalen complex. The study considered singlet, broken‐symmetry singlet, and triplet states. During the first step the alcoholate binds to the copper, inducing valence tautomerism, transforming the Cu(III) complex into a Cu(II)‐alkoxyradical adduct. Subsequently, an “aniline” ring abstracts a hydrogen from the substrate with a low barrier, yielding a Cu(I) aniline complex and the aldehyde, akin to galactose oxidase. Catalyst re‐oxidation is coupled to dioxygen reduction. Initially, dioxygen is reduced by Cu(I) into superoxide, which binds to the metal. Protonation then yields either a Cu(II)‐hydrosuperoxo or a Cu(III)‐hydroperoxo adduct. Further protonation closes the catalytic cycle by releasing hydrogen peroxide.