bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planned dose reduction of ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a single-centre observational study
Authors: Tran Trung Dang Quoc , Hall Leanne , Heal Clare , Haleagrahara Nagaraja , Edwards Sharon , Boggild Mike 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundOcrelizumab, a humanised anti-CD20 monoclonal, is a highly effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The long-term safety of B-cell depletion in RRMS, however, is uncertain and there are no data on dose reduction of ocrelizumab as a risk mitigation strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of reducing ocrelizumab dose from 600 to 300 mg in patients with RRMS.MethodData were collected through the Townsville neurology service. Following the standard randomised controlled trial regimen of 600 mg every 6 months for 2 years, sequential patients consented to dose reduction to 300 mg every 6 months. Patients were included if they were diagnosed with RRMS and received at least one reduced dose of ocrelizumab. Relapse, disability progression, new MRI lesions, CD19+cell counts and immunoglobulin concentrations were analysed.ResultsA total of 35 patients, treated with 177 full and 107 reduced doses, were included. The mean follow-up on reduced dose was 17 (1–31) months. We observed no relapses or new MRI activity in the cohort receiving the reduced dose, accompanied by persistent CD19+B cell depletion (≤0.05×109/L). Mean IgG, IgA and IgM levels remained stable throughout the study. No new safety concerns arose.ConclusionsIn this single-centre observational study, dose reduction of ocrelizumab from 600 to 300 mg every 6 months after 2 years appeared to maintain efficacy in terms of new inflammatory disease activity. A randomised trial may be warranted to confirm this and explore the impact of dose reduction on long-term safety.
Morbidity and unplanned healthcare encounters after hospital discharge among young children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Monrovia, Liberia
Authors: Kisenge Rodrick , Ideh Readon C , Kamara Julia , Coleman-Nekar Ye-Jeung G , Samma Abraham , Godfrey Evance , Manji Hussein K , Sudfeld Christopher R , Westbrook Adrianna , Niescierenko Michelle , Morris Claudia R , Whitney Cynthia G , Breiman Robert F , Duggan Christopher P , Manji Karim P , Rees Chris A 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundResearchers and healthcare providers have paid little attention to morbidity and unplanned healthcare encounters for children following hospital discharge in low- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to compare symptoms and unplanned healthcare encounters among children aged <5 years who survived with those who died within 60 days of hospital discharge through follow-up phone calls.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort of children aged <5 years discharged from neonatal and paediatric wards of two national referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Monrovia, Liberia. Caregivers of enrolled participants received phone calls 7, 14, 30, 45, and 60 days after hospital discharge to record symptoms, unplanned healthcare encounters, and vital status. We used logistic regression to determine the association between reported symptoms and unplanned healthcare encounters with 60-day post-discharge mortality.ResultsA total of 4243 participants were enrolled and had 60-day vital status available; 138 (3.3%) died. For every additional symptom ever reported following discharge, there was a 35% greater likelihood of post-discharge mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 1.66; p=0.004). The greatest survival difference was noted for children who had difficulty breathing (2.1% among those who survived vs 36.0% among those who died, p<0.001). Caregivers who took their child home from the hospital against medical advice during the initial hospitalisation had over eight times greater odds of post-discharge mortality (aOR 8.06, 95% CI 3.87 to 16.3; p<0.001) and those who were readmitted to a hospital had 3.42 greater odds (95% CI 1.55 to 8.47; p=0.004) of post-discharge mortality than those who did not seek care when adjusting for site, sociodemographic factors, and clinical variables.ConclusionSurveillance for symptoms and repeated admissions following hospital discharge by healthcare providers is crucial to identify children at risk for post-discharge mortality.
Simplified
Helicobacter pylori
therapy for patients with penicillin allergy: a randomised controlled trial of vonoprazan-tetracycline dual therapy
Authors: Gao Wen , Liu Jianxiang , Wang Xiaolei , Li Jingwen , Zhang Xuezhi , Ye Hui , Li Jiang , Dong Xinhong , Liu Binbin , Wang Chi , Xu Ying , Teng Guigen , Tian Yuling , Dong Jinpei , Ge Chaoyi , Cheng Hong 
Published: June 2024

Background and aims

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and tetracycline (VT) dual therapy as first-line treatment for
Helicobacter pylori
infection in patients with penicillin allergy.

Methods

In this randomised controlled trial, treatment-naïve adults with
H. pylori
infection and penicillin allergy were randomised 1:1 to receive either open-label VT dual therapy (vonoprazan 20 mg two times per day+tetracycline 500 mg three times a day) or bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT; lansoprazole 30 mg two times per day+colloidal bismuth 150 mg three times a day+tetracycline 500 mg three times a day+metronidazole 400 mg three times a day) for 14 days. The primary outcome was non-inferiority in eradication rates in the VT dual group compared with the BQT group. Secondary outcomes included assessing adverse effects.

Results
300 patients were randomised. The eradication rates in the VT group and the BQT group were: 92.0% (138/150, 95% CI 86.1% to 95.6%) and 89.3% (134/150, 95% CI 83.0% to 93.6%) in intention-to-treat analysis (difference 2.7%; 95% CI −4.6% to 10.0%; non-inferiority p=0.000); 94.5% (138/146, 95% CI 89.1% to 97.4%) and 93.1% (134/144, 95% CI 87.3% to 96.4%) in modiﬁed intention-to-treat analysis (difference 1.5%; 95% CI −4.9% to 8.0%; non-inferiority p=0.001); 95.1% (135/142, 95% CI 89.7% to 97.8%) and 97.7% (128/131, 95% CI 92.9% to 99.4%) in per-protocol analysis (difference 2.6%; 95% CI −2.9% to 8.3%; non-inferiority p=0.000). The treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were significantly lower in the VT group (14.0% vs 48.0%, p=0.000), with fewer treatment discontinuations due to TEAEs (2.0% vs 8.7%, p=0.010).

Conclusions

VT dual therapy demonstrated efficacy and safety as a first-line treatment for
H. pylori
infection in the penicillin-allergic population, with comparable efficacy and a lower incidence of TEAEs compared with traditional BQT.

Trial registration number
ChiCTR2300074693.
Logistics and administration-related stressors among young physicians working in the emergency medicine (EM) department and their perceived job satisfaction in EM department across hospitals of India: a nationwide multicentric digital survey
Authors: Ghiya Murtuza , Gangurde Alok A , Varghese Jilshy , Hishaam Mohamed M A , Krishna Balamurali , Raj Jeffrey Pradeep , Lal Manu Mathew 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveEmergency medicine (EM) is a growing specialty in India with the board approving training programme commencing only since 2009. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by EM department personnel in the country and to obtain valuable insight into the concerns and problems experienced by them.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional digital survey conducted among EM department personnel in teaching institutions across India. The study involved 170 respondents, who completed an online questionnaire that covered various aspects of their work and identified the challenges they faced. It also captured potential solutions as perceived by the respondents.ResultsA total of n=170 participants completed the survey of which N=164 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The study revealed significant challenges faced by EM personnel in India. Administrative and clerical work consumed a considerable amount of respondents’ time. Understaffing (n=144/164; 87.8%), followed by complains about delay due to hospital administrative processes and policies (n=141/164; 85.9%), and delay in interhospital transfers (n=139/164; 84.8%) were the primary concerns spelt out by the respondents. Additionally, respondents experienced interpersonal conflicts, and verbal/physical abuse and inappropriate behaviour from patients and their family members. Potential key solutions suggested were to improve resources including manpower and take steps to prevent violence against EM staff.ConclusionThe study’s results call for policy-makers and hospital administrators to address the issues faced by EM department staff. Improving EM department operations can improve patient care and staff well-being. Future research should examine challenges in non-teaching institutions and potential solutions.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis: differences in lung function change over time
Authors: Sharp Michelle , Psoter Kevin J , Mustafa Ali M , Chen Edward S , Lin Nancy W , Mathai Stephen C , Gilotra Nisha A , Eakin Michelle N , Wise Robert A , Moller David R , McCormack Meredith C 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Given the heterogeneity of sarcoidosis, predicting disease course of patients remains a challenge. Our aim was to determine whether the 3-year change in pulmonary function differed between pulmonary function phenotypes and whether there were differential longitudinal changes by race and sex.

Methods
We identified individuals seen between 2005 and 2015 with a confirmed diagnosis of sarcoidosis who had at least two pulmonary function test measurements within 3 years of entry into the cohort. For each individual, spirometry, diffusion capacity, Charlson Comorbidity Index, sarcoidosis organ involvement, diagnosis duration, tobacco use, race, sex, age and medications were recorded. We compared changes in pulmonary function by type of pulmonary function phenotype and for demographic groups.

Results

Of 291 individuals, 59% (173) were female and 54% (156) were black. Individuals with restrictive pulmonary function phenotype had significantly greater 3-year rate of decline of FVC% (forced vital capacity) predicted and FEV
1
% (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) predicted course when compared with normal phenotype. We identified a subset of individuals in the cohort, highest decliners, who had a median 3-year FVC decline of 156 mL. Black individuals had worse pulmonary function at entry into the cohort measured by FVC% predicted, FEV
1
% predicted and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide % predicted compared with white individuals. Black individuals’ pulmonary function remained stable or declined over time, whereas white individuals’ pulmonary function improved over time. There were no sex differences in rate of change in any pulmonary function parameters.

Summary
We found significant differences in 3-year change in pulmonary function among pulmonary function phenotypes and races, but no difference between sexes.
Influence of different machining methods on the surface roughness of TC4: dry milling, water-based fluid wet milling, and foam spray milling
Authors: Li You , Li Shuncai , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2024

The surface quality of workpieces is influenced by various factors, including processing parameters, processing techniques, cutting force, and cutting vibration. Many researchers have studied wet cutting to minimize milling forces and vibrations. We explore a high-density water-based foam milling method. By this method the foam is sprayed onto the surface area of tool and workpiece to absorb vibration energy. Firstly, a milling test system was established to conduct tests on TC4 titanium alloy under three different machining conditions (dry milling, water-based fluid wet milling, and foam spray milling), and the three-dimensional (3D) milling forces and milling vibrations were simultaneously recorded during the milling process, and the workpiece’s surface roughness was measured using a contact roughness measuring instrument. Then principal component analysis method was performed on the 3D milling forces and vibrations to obtain dimensionality-reduced feature values. Subsequently, multi-feature combination prediction models of surface roughness corresponding to the three machining conditions were developed using particle swarm optimization and a generalized regression neural network. Finally, the developed prediction models were compared and analyzed. The research results indicate that high-density water-based foam spray milling can effectively reduce the milling force by 70% and the milling vibration by 85% at most. Foam spray milling reduces the average roughness by up to 49%. The roughness prediction accuracy reaches 95.43%, with an error of less than 0.054 µm.
Atrial Fibrillation Termination as a Predictor for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Systemic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: He Jialing , Zhang Zhen , Luo Duan , Yang Xianchen , Yang Guoshu , Liu Hanxiong 
Published: June 2024

Background: In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to validate the predictive role of atrial fibrillation (AF) termination in long‐term arrhythmia recurrence.Method: Our search encompassed databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library up to August 1, 2021. Three independent reviewers conducted screening and data extraction. The data included ablation strategy, recurrence mode, AF termination mode, numbers of patients, and recurrence cases in the termination and nontermination groups. The primary endpoint was the recurrence of atrial arrhythmia at long‐term follow‐up (≥ 12 months).Results: Our analysis included 22 publications, with 11 prospective studies being eligible for further meta‐analysis. Among these, 14 studies reported significantly lower rates of arrhythmia recurrence in the AF termination group compared to the nontermination group. Among seven studies involving 1114 patients that examined single procedure outcomes, the pooled estimated effect was RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.68–1.90) with an I2 value of 57%. Subgroup analysis focusing on termination mode as sinus rhythm yielded a pooled estimated effect of RR 0.74 (95% CI 0.59–0.92) with an I2 value of 47%. Additionally, analysis of seven studies involving 1433 patients for repeat procedures demonstrated a significant preference for the AF termination group (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71–0.97, I2 = 84%). Subgroup analysis indicated reduced heterogeneity when the termination mode was sinus rhythm (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.90, I2 = 57%).Conclusion: Our study establishes that AF termination serves as an effective predictor for the success of persistent AF ablation procedures. This finding holds potential implications for clinical practice and contributes to our understanding of long‐term arrhythmia recurrence in the context of AF termination.
The Problem with Film: Murayama Tomoyoshi's Variations on the Visible
Authors: Kunigami André Keiji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The article explores the film theory written by the Japanese avant-garde artist Murayama Tomoyoshi (1901–1977). Murayama authored a robust yet understudied body of film writing, in the 1920s and 1930s. Although he had a prolific and stable activity related to film—in criticism, theory, screenplays, and even directing—he held an ambivalent opinion about the medium. For him, film could never fulfill art's political task due to what he saw as the ontological restrictions of the medium: its supposedly incorporeal and incessant display of images. However, he kept repeatedly returning to film, based on the fascination with a certain vitality that he saw in the moving image vis-à-vis other types of images such as photography. By reading his film essays in the larger context of his political engagements and his aesthetic theory, the article argues that the contradictions that animated Murayama's “problem with film”—his ambivalent attachment to the medium—reveal his adherences to the racial logics of the Japanese empire and offer a critical perspective on the broader political stakes of cinematic embodiment.
Analysis of rail corrugation deterioration behavior on a heavy-haul railway
Authors: He Jing , Wang Weiqi , Zhang Quan , Wang Wenkun , Yang Nengpu 
Published: June 2024

Rail corrugation is a common form of rail damage discovered when servicing heavy-haul railways that seriously affects the safety of wheel–rail systems. To determine the characteristics of the deterioration of a corrugated heavy-haul railway, this study used ABAQUS simulation software to establish a three-dimensional elastic–plastic wheel–rail finite element model. We then simulated the stress and strain distributions of wheel–rail contact spots as C80 freight cars pass through various corrugated sections of heavy-haul railways, featuring different wavelengths and wave depths. The simulation results demonstrated that the stress and strain increase from the peak positions to the troughs, reaching a maximum somewhere behind the troughs, and then decreasing to the next peak. The stress and strain increase as the depth of corrugation increases. The wheel–rail contact exhibits a maximum stress of 1.312 to 1.770 GPa, and the maximum strain is 0.6470% to 0.9897%. Wheel–rail contact stress and strain occur at a maximum of 8–40 mm after the troughs, rather than at the trough position, forming “planing and rolling” effects. This mechanism revealed by the variation in the stress and strain distributions in this study provides a reference for the in-depth analysis of rail corrugation deterioration and for the exploration of the mechanisms of corrugation deterioration of heavy-haul railways.
Preclinical efficacy of the potent, selective menin-KMT2A inhibitor JNJ-75276617 (bleximenib) in KMT2A- and NPM1-altered leukemias
Authors: Kwon Min Chul , Thuring Jan Willem , Querolle Olivier , Dai Xuedong , Verhulst Tinne , Pande Vineet , Marien Ann , Goffin Dries , Wenge Daniela V. , Yue Hong , Cutler Jevon A. , Jin Cyrus , Perner Florian , Hogeling Shanna M. , Shaffer Paul L. , Jacobs Frank , Vinken Petra , Cai Wei , Keersmaekers Vikki , Eyassu Filmon , Bhogal Balpreet , Verstraeten Karin , El Ashkar Sara , Perry Jennifer A. , Jayaguru Prathiba , Barreyro Laura , Kuchnio Anna , Darville Nicolas , Krosky Daniel , Urbanietz Gregor , Verbist Bie , Edwards James P. , Cowley Glenn S. , Kirkpatrick Robert , Steele Ruth , Ferrante Lucille , Guttke Christina , Daskalakis Nikki , Pietsch E. Christine , Wilson David M. , Attar Ricardo , Elsayed Yusri , Fischer Eric S. , Schuringa Jan Jacob , Armstrong Scott A. , Packman Kathryn , Philippar Ulrike 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The interaction between menin and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) is a critical dependency for KMT2A- or nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1)–altered leukemias and an emerging opportunity for therapeutic development. JNJ-75276617 (bleximenib) is a novel, orally bioavailable, potent, and selective protein-protein interaction inhibitor of the binding between menin and KMT2A. In KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) and NPM1-mutant (NPM1c) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, JNJ-75276617 inhibited the association of the menin-KMT2A complex with chromatin at target gene promoters, resulting in reduced expression of several menin-KMT2A target genes, including MEIS1 and FLT3. JNJ-75276617 displayed potent antiproliferative activity across several AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines and patient samples harboring KMT2A or NPM1 alterations in vitro. In xenograft models of AML and ALL, JNJ-75276617 reduced leukemic burden and provided a significant dose-dependent survival benefit accompanied by expression changes of menin-KMT2A target genes. JNJ-75276617 demonstrated synergistic effects with gilteritinib in vitro in AML cells harboring KMT2A-r. JNJ-75276617 further exhibited synergistic effects with venetoclax and azacitidine in AML cells bearing KMT2A-r in vitro, and significantly increased survival in mice. Interestingly, JNJ-75276617 showed potent antiproliferative activity in cell lines engineered with recently discovered mutations (MEN1M327I or MEN1T349M) that developed in patients refractory to the menin-KMT2A inhibitor revumenib. A cocrystal structure of menin in complex with JNJ-75276617 indicates a unique binding mode distinct from other menin-KMT2A inhibitors, including revumenib. JNJ-75276617 is being clinically investigated for acute leukemias harboring KMT2A or NPM1 alterations, as a monotherapy for relapsed/refractory acute leukemia (NCT04811560), or in combination with AML-directed therapies (NCT05453903).
Distribution and extent of suitable habitats of Ruspoli’s Turaco (Tauraco ruspolii) and White-cheeked Turaco (Tauraco leucotis) under a changing climate in Ethiopia
Authors: Aligaz Mulatu Ayenew , Kufa Chala Adugna , Ahmed Ahmed Seid , Argaw Hailu Tilahun , Tamrat Misganaw , Yihune Mesele , Atickem Anagaw , Bekele Afework , Bogale Bezawork Afework 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Understanding the distribution pattern of species and their suitable habitat is key to focus conservation efforts. Climate change has had notable impact on the distribution and extent of suitable habitats, and the long-term survival of various species. We aim to determine the distribution and extent of suitable habitats for Tauraco ruspolii and T. leucotis in Ethiopia and predict their range in the 2050s and 2070s using MaxEnt algorithm. We used 25 and 29 rarified occurrence points for T. ruspolii and T. leucotis, respectively, and 13 environmental variables. Three regularization multipliers and two cut-off thresholds were used to map the potential suitable habitats for each species under current and future climates. Maps were assembled from these techniques to produce final composite tertiary maps and investigated the habitat suitability overlap between the two species using the UNION tool in the geographical information system.

Result
All model run performances were highly accurate for both species. Precipitation of the driest month and vegetation cover are the most influential variables for the habitat suitability of T. ruspolii. The habitat suitability of T. leucotis is also mainly influenced by mean temperature of the driest quarter and vegetation cover. Under the current climate, the suitable habitat predicted for T. ruspolii covered about 24,639.19 km2, but its range size change shows a gain and increase by 156.00% and 142.68% in 2050 and 2070, respectively. The T. leucotis‘s current suitable habitat ranges about 204,397.62 km², but this is reduced by 40.84% and 68.67% in 2050 and 2070, respectively. Our modeling also showed that there was suitable habitat overlap between them at the margin of their respective habitat types in time series.

Conclusion
We concluded that there is a direct or indirect impact of climate change on the suitable habitat range expansion for T. ruspolii and contraction for T. leucotis as well as overlapping of these turaco species in different regions of Ethiopia. Therefore, understanding the distribution of current and future suitable habitats of the two turaco species can provide valuable information to implement conservation practices for the species and the regions as well.