bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling analysis of geothermal reservoirs: optimizing extraction capacities by revealing influential factors
Authors: Zhang Guolong , Liu Shiqi , Fei Yu , Li Yang , Guo Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Extraction of high-temperature geothermal resources from reservoirs is a challenge due to the complex interactions between temperature, permeability, and stress fields. Variations in physical fields are critical to thermal reservoir engineering. In this study, the coupling mechanism between temperature, permeability, and stress fields is systematically explored using theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, by using the three-field coupling model. This study models the changes in porosity and permeability evolution during geothermal extraction, emphasizing the importance of the coupling term. The effects of pressure differences between injection and production wells, reservoir temperature variations, and fluid property changes on the temperature distribution and output thermal power within the geothermal reservoir were modeled and analyzed. The results reveal the significant effect of pressure differences between wells, and show that the geothermal extraction capacity of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is 1.83 times higher than that of water. Based on the statistical characteristics of the distribution pattern of natural fractures within the geothermal reservoir, the study simulated the distribution of natural fractures and developed a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) model containing natural fractures. The results show that increasing the porosity of hydraulic and natural fractures can effectively increase the geothermal production capacity, especially the increase in the porosity of natural fractures is significant. These findings provide a key theoretical basis for understanding the THM coupling mechanism during geothermal extraction, and provide substantial support for optimizing the development and use of geothermal resources.
A Pseudo-Deterministic Noisy Extremal Optimization algorithm for the pairwise connectivity Critical Node Detection Problem
Authors: Gaskó Noémi , Suciu Mihai-Alexandru , Ioana Lung Rodica , Képes Tamás 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The critical node detection problem is a central task in computational graph theory due to its large applicability, consisting in deleting $k$ nodes to minimize a certain graph measure. In this article, we propose a new Extremal Optimization-based approach, the Pseudo-Deterministic Noisy Extremal Optimization (PDNEO) algorithm, to solve the Critical Node Detection variant in which the pairwise connectivity is minimized. PDNEO uses an adaptive pseudo-deterministic parameter to switch between random nodes and articulation points during the search, as well as other features, such as noise induction to preserve diversity, greedy search to better exploit the search space and a greater search space exploration mechanism. Numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world networks show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with existing methods.
Imaging polarimetry of comet 67 P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko: homogeneous distribution of polarization and its implications
Authors: Gray Zuri , Bagnulo Stefano , Boehnhardt Hermann , Borisov Galin , Jones Geraint H , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Kwon Yuna G , Moreno Fernando , Muñoz Olga , Nežič Rok , Snodgrass Colin 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P) become observable for the first time in 2021 since the Rosetta rendezvous in 2014–2016. Here, we present pre-perihelion polarimetric measurements of 67P from 2021 performed with the Very Large Telescope (VLT), as well as post-perihelion polarimetric measurements from 2015 to 2016 obtained with the VLT and the William Herschel Telescope. This new data covers a phase angle range of ∼4○−50○ and presents polarimetric measurements of unprecedentedly high S/N ratio. Complementing previous measurements, the polarimetric phase curve of 67P resembles that of other Jupiter family comets and high-polarization, dusty comets. Comparing pre- and post-perihelion data sets, we find only a marginal difference between the polarimetric phase curves. In our imaging maps, we detect various linear structures produced by the dust in the inner coma of the comet. Despite this, we find a homogeneous spread of polarization around the photocentre throughout the coma and tail, in contrast to previous studies. Finally, we explore the consequences of image misalignments on both polarimetric maps and aperture polarimetric measurements.
Star formation exists in all early-type galaxies – evidence from ubiquitous structure in UV images
Authors: Pandey Divya , Kaviraj Sugata , Saha Kanak , Sharma Saurabh 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent surveys have demonstrated the widespread presence of ultraviolet (UV) emission in early-type galaxies (ETGs), suggesting the existence of star formation in many of these systems. However, potential UV contributions from old and young stars, together with model uncertainties, makes it challenging to confirm the presence of young stars using integrated photometry alone. This is particularly true in ETGs that are fainter in the UV and have red UV-optical colours. An unambiguous way of disentangling the source of the UV is to look for structure in UV images. Optical images of ETGs, which are dominated by old stars, are smooth and devoid of structure. If the UV is also produced by these old stars, then the UV images will share this smoothness, while, if driven by young stars, they will exhibit significant structure. We compare the UV and optical morphologies of 32 ETGs (93 per cent of which are at z &lt; 0.03) using quantitative parameters (concentration, asymmetry, clumpiness, and the Sérsic index), calculated via deep UV and optical images with similar resolution. Regardless of stellar mass, UV-optical colour or the presence of interactions, the asymmetry and clumpiness of ETGs is significantly larger (often by several orders of magnitudes) in the UV than in the optical, while the UV Sérsic indices are typically lower than their optical counterparts. The ubiquitous presence of structure demonstrates that the UV flux across our entire ETG sample is dominated by young stars and indicates that star formation exists in all ETGs in the nearby Universe.
Peering into the Wolf–Rayet phenomenon through [WO] and [WC] stars
Authors: Toalá Jesús A , Todt Helge , Sander Andreas A C 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Spectroscopic observations have shown for decades that the Wolf–Rayet (WR) phenomenon is ubiquitous among stars with different initial masses. Although much effort to understand the winds from massive WR stars has been presented in the literature, not much has been done for such type of stars in the low-mass range. Here we present an attempt to understand the winds from [WR]-type stars using results from spectral analyses with the full non-local thermodynamic equilibrium stellar atmosphere code PoWR. These results are put into context with the properties of massive WR stars. We found that WC + [WC] stars and WO + [WO] stars create independent sequences in the mass-loss rate ($\dot{M}$) and modified wind momentum (Dmom) versus luminosity (L) diagrams. Our analysis indicates that even when the winds of WR and [WR] stars become optically thin, there is no breakdown of the general mass-loss trend, contrary to the observed ‘weak wind phenomenon’ in OB stars. We report that all WR-type stars studied here broadly define single sequences in the wind efficiency (η) versus transformed mass-loss rate ($\dot{M}_\mathrm{t}$), the $\dot{M}_\mathrm{t}$–Teff diagram, and the $(L, T_\mathrm{eff}, \dot{M})$ space, which suggest these to be fundamental properties of the WR phenomenon (regardless of the mass range), at least for WR-type stars of the O and C sequences. Our analytical estimations could drive computations of future stellar evolution models for WR-type stars.
Consensus review on strategies to improve delivery across the blood-brain barrier including focused ultrasound
Authors: Piper Keaton , Kumar Jay I , Domino Joseph , Tuchek Chad , Vogelbaum Michael A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has been a major challenge for CNS tumors due to the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). There has been a multitude of techniques aimed at overcoming the BBB obstacle aimed at utilizing natural transport mechanisms or bypassing the BBB which we review here. Another approach that has generated recent interest in the recently published literature is to use new technologies (Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy, LITT; or Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, LIFU) to temporarily increase BBB permeability. This review overviews the advantages, disadvantages, and major advances of each method. LIFU has been a major area of research to allow for chemotherapeutics to cross the BBB which has a particular emphasis in this review. While most of the advances remain in animal studies, there are an increasing number of translational clinical trials that will have results in the next few years.
Advancing collaborative social outcomes through place-based solutions—aligning policy and funding systems
Authors: Lata Lutfun Nahar , Reddel Tim , Head Brian W , Craven Luke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
More collaborative and human-centered approaches to tackle social problems of entrenched disadvantage have been introduced in many countries, including Australia, but with mixed results. Traditional programs that reinforce existing political and bureaucratic processes have been seen as blockers to collaborative modes of policymaking, governance, and delivery. Drawing on collaborative governance perspectives, this paper reports new research undertaken in conjunction with a not-for-profit organization (Collaboration for Impact) involved in supporting place-based collaborative community change efforts. Research findings, based on stakeholder perspectives, highlight not only the potential benefits of a more collaborative model (i.e., placed-based and community driven) but also the significant unresolved challenges for “backbone” coordination bodies, which have recently been established to achieve more “joined-up” policy, funding, and service delivery arrangements. The paper concludes by proposing a practice-driven focus on policy and funding systems, together with implications for policy learning and program design.
Energy deprivation affects nitrogen assimilation and fatty acid biosynthesis leading to leaf chlorosis under waterlogging stress in the endangered Abies koreana
Authors: Chandrasekaran Umashankar , Park Sanghee , Kim Kunhyo , Byeon Siyeon , Han Ah Reum , Lee Young-Sang , Oh Neung-Hwan , Chung Haegeun , Choe Hyeyeong , Kim Hyun Seok 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Energy deprivation triggers various physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants under abiotic stress. We investigated the oxidative damages in the high altitude grown conifer Korean fir (Abies koreana) exposed to waterlogging stress. Our experimental results showed that waterlogging stress led to leaf chlorosis, 35 days after treatment. A significant decrease in leaf fresh weight, chlorophyll and sugar content supported this phenotypic change. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in leaf proline, lipid peroxidase and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical content of waterlogged plants. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we conducted RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and de novo assembly. Using RNA-seq analysis approach and filtering (P &lt; 0.05 and false discovery rate &lt;0.001), we obtained 134 unigenes upregulated and 574 unigenes downregulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis placed the obtained differentially expressed unigenes in α-linoleic pathway, fatty acid degradation, glycosis, glycolipid metabolism and oligosaccharide biosynthesis process. Mapping of unigenes with Arabidopsis using basic local alignment search tool for nucleotides showed several critical genes in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism downregulated. Following this, we found the repression of multiple nitrogen (N) assimilation and nucleotide biosynthesis genes including purine metabolism. In addition, waterlogging stress reduced the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a concomitant increase only in myristic acid. Together, our results indicate that the prolonged snowmelt may cause inability of A. koreana seedlings to lead the photosynthesis normally due to the lack of root intercellular oxygen and emphasizes a detrimental effect on the N metabolic pathway, compromising this endangered tree’s ability to be fully functional under waterlogging stress.
Effect of different lung recruitment strategies and airway device on oscillatory mechanics in children under general anaesthesia
Authors: Zannin Emanuela , Nguyen Julie , Vigevani Sara , Hauser Neil , Sommerfield David , Dellacà Raffaele , Khan R. Nazim , Sommerfield Aine , von Ungern-Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Atelectasis has been reported in 68 to 100% of children undergoing general anaesthesia, a phenomenon that persists into the recovery period. Children receiving recruitment manoeuvres have less atelectasis and fewer episodes of oxygen desaturation during emergence. The optimal type of recruitment manoeuvre is unclear and may be influenced by the airway device chosen.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate the different effects on lung mechanics as assessed by the forced oscillation technique (FOT) utilising different recruitment strategies: repeated inflations vs. one sustained inflation and different airway devices, a supraglottic airway device vs. a cuffed tracheal tube.

DESIGN
Pragmatic enrolment with randomisation to the recruitment strategy.

SETTING
We conducted this single-centre trial between February 2020 and March 2022.

PARTICIPANTS
Seventy healthy patients (53 boys) aged between 2 and 16 years undergoing general anaesthesia were included.

INTERVENTIONS
Forced oscillations (5 Hz) were superimposed on the ventilator waveform using a customised system connected to the anaesthesia machine. Pressure and flow were measured at the inlet of the airway device and used to compute respiratory system resistance and reactance. Measurements were taken before and after recruitment, and again at the end of surgery.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary endpoint measured is the change in respiratory reactance.

RESULTS
Statistical analysis (linear model with recruitment strategy and airway device as factors) did not show any significant difference in resistance and reactance between before and after recruitment. Baseline reactance was the strongest predictor for a change in reactance after recruitment: prerecruitment Xrs decreased by mean (standard error) of 0.25 (0.068) cmH2O s l−1 per  1 cmH2O−1 s l−1 increase in baseline Xrs (P < 0.001). After correcting for baseline reactance, the change in reactance after recruitment was significantly lower for sustained inflation compared with repeated inflation by mean (standard error) 0.25 (0.101) cmH2O (P = 0.0166).

CONCLUSION
Although there was no significant difference between airway devices, this study demonstrated more effective recruitment via repeated inflations than sustained inflation in anaesthetised children.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12619001434189.
Arthroscopic debridement, synovectomy, and thermal shrinkage for basal joint arthritis
Authors: Kuo Hsueh-Min , Lo I.-Ning , Yin Cheng-Yu , Wang Jung-Pan , Huang Yi-Chao 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Ligamentous laxity, cartilage wear, and diffuse synovitis are frequently seen in thumb basal joint arthritis. Although these degenerative changes may be mild for the majority, they have the potential to cause discomfort during movement and compromised hand function. This study assesses the long-term outcomes of arthroscopic debridement, synovectomy, and thermal shrinkage in managing early-stage basal joint arthritis.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients with basal joint arthritis who underwent arthroscopic debridement, synovectomy, and thermal shrinkage between November 2010 and January 2021 by a single surgeon at our medical institute. We assessed functional outcomes, thumb range of motion, perioperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, return to work and satisfaction level.

Results:
A total of 12 patients (13 hands), with a mean follow-up of 72 months, were included in this study. Significant improvements were observed in pain scores and functional outcomes, along with a reduction in postoperative NSAID use. Patients also reported a relatively quick return to work and a high satisfaction level.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the benefits of arthroscopic intervention, providing a minimally invasive approach with favorable long-term outcomes for patients with symptomatic basal joint arthritis.
Quality-of-Life Instruments and Nutrition Screening Tools
Authors: Arensberg Mary Beth , Gahche Jaime J. , Pemau Raquel Clapes , Kerr Kirk W. , Dwyer Johanna T. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Quality of life (QoL) is critical for healthy aging—both for older adults and for healthcare providers/health systems. Eating and nutritious food are essential for older adults to remain healthy/independent and maintain good nutrition status and also provide pleasure and enhance QoL. However, research on nutrition and QoL is limited, including for building understanding of the relationship between nutrition and QoL and of the instruments and tools used to help develop a research framework and evaluate the impact of United States community nutrition programs/services on QoL.

Objectives
The first objective is to review overlaps/gaps in previously identified/validated QoL instruments and nutrition screening tools used in research with community-living older adults and then, second, to use these findings to suggest opportunities for further research and implications for developing US health and nutrition policies/programs supporting healthy aging.

Methods
Twenty validated QoL instruments were reviewed to determine if they included nutrition-related items that corresponded to 8 QoL domains (physical health, emotional state, mental health, social connection, environment, personhood, autonomy, and spiritual feeling). Sixteen validated nutrition screening tools were reviewed to determine if any of their nutrition items corresponded with these same 8 QoL domains.

Results
Of the 20 QoL instruments reviewed, 75% included at least 1 nutrition-related item, most commonly fitting into the autonomy (n = 11), physical health (n = 7), social connection (n = 3), environment (n = 3), emotional state (n = 2), mental health (n = 2), and personhood (n = 1) domains, with none in the spiritual feeling domain. All 16 nutrition screening tools included at least 1 nutrition-related item corresponding to a QoL domain, most commonly the physical health (n = 16) domain. Other QoL domains represented by nutrition items in nutrition screening tools were autonomy (n = 9), emotional state (n = 5), social connection (n = 5), environment (n = 4), and mental health (n = 3). Commonalities existed between QoL instruments and nutrition screening tools in types of nutrition-related items included, but there were many inconsistencies/gaps.

Conclusions
Nutrition items corresponding to different QoL domains are found inconsistently among validated QoL instruments and nutrition screening tools. Nutrition can be potentially modified to benefit healthy aging and QoL outcomes; findings present opportunities for further research to help increase understanding of the relationship between QoL and nutrition and the effectiveness of nutrition interventions, as well as to help advance US policy development and programs supporting healthy aging.
Structural racism, residential segregation, and exposure to trauma: The persistent impact of redlining
Authors: Bradford James M. , Eldin Maya M. , Golestani Simin , Cardenas Tatiana C.P. , Trust Marc D. , Mery Marissa , Teixeira Pedro G. , DuBose Joseph , Brown Lawrence H. , Bach Michelle , Robert Michelle , Ali Sadia , Salvo Deborah , Brown Carlos V.R. 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
As part of New Deal era federal housing policy, the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) developed maps grading US neighborhoods by perceived financial security. Neighborhoods with high concentrations of racial and ethnic minorities were deemed financially unstable and denied federal investment, a practice colloquially known as redlining. The aim of this study was to assess the association of historical redlining within Austin, Texas, to spatial patterns of penetrating traumatic injury.

METHODS
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from violent penetrating trauma admissions between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2021, at the single Level 1 trauma center in Austin, Texas. Using ArcGIS, addresses where the injury took place were geocoded, and spatial joining was used to match them to their corresponding census tract, for which 1935 HOLC financial designations are classified as “Hazardous,” “Definitely Declining,” “Still Desirable,” “Best,” or “Non HOLC Graded.” Tracts with designations of “Hazardous” and “Definitely Declining” were categorized as “Redlined.” The adjusted incidence rate ratio comparing rates of penetrating trauma among historically “Redlined” versus “Not Redlined” and “Not Graded” census tracts was calculated.

RESULTS
A total of 1,404 violent penetrating trauma admissions were identified for the study period, of which 920 occurred within the county of interest. Among these, 5% occurred in census tracts that were Not Redlined, 13% occurred in Redlined tracts, and 82% occurred in non-HOLC graded tracts. When adjusting for differences in current census tract demographics and social vulnerability, historically Redlined areas experienced a higher rate of penetrating traumatic injury (Not Redlined injury rate ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.94; p = 0.03; Not Graded injury rate ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.29; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Neighborhoods unfavorably classified by HOLC in 1935 continue to experience a higher incidence rate of violent penetrating trauma today. These results underscore the persistent impacts of structural racism and of historical residential segregation policies on exposure to trauma.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.