bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Names of Science
Authors: Kragh Helge 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Names of Science is a book about the relationship between science and language through history with an emphasis on the technical terms used in science and in many cases originating in specific scientific and historical contexts. It pays serious attention to the historical dimension and to the concrete research works in which scientists indirectly but effectively have acted as linguists. Apart from an introductory list of useful linguistic terms, the book is structured in six large chapters which covers important phases in the history of science, principally but not exclusively dealing with the terminology of physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy, and cosmology. It also considers, if only briefly, how English—and not, say, Latin or French—developed to become the internationally accepted language of science. Whereas Chapter 1 is mostly of a more general nature, among other things dealing with linguistic concepts such as eponomy, metaphors, oxymorons, and acronomy, the following chapters investigate word formations and technical language in select areas of specific sciences from the Renaissance to the present. Chapters 2–4 are primarily about words and names in the physical sciences covering electromagnetism, thermodynamics, radioactivity, quantum mechanics, elementary particles, and much more. Chemistry, a rich resource for historical-linguistic studies, is dealt with in Chapter 5, where Lavosier’s reform of chemical nomenclature is given particular attention. Finally, the last chapter is devoted to the words and concepts associated with the development of the astronomical sciences including cosmology as it emerged in the twentieth century.
Worlds and words of chemistry
Authors: Kragh Helge 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Apart from giving an overview of chemistry—for a period called ‘chymistry’—and its language through history, this chapter discusses a number of eponymous chemical names as well as examples of meaning transfers where a word migrates from the domain of science to common language or vice versa. Lavoisier’s so-called chemical revolution in the 1780s relied crucially on a reformed chemical nomenclature, a story detailed in one of the sections. Each of the 118 elements has its own naming history, some of which are told in the last two sections of the chapter. The last one focuses on the artificially produced elements with atomic numbers greater than 92.
Morpho-physiological and yield traits for selection of drought tolerant Urochloa grass ecotypes
Authors: Ochola Celestine Anyango , Ngugi Mathew Pierro , Nyaboga Evans N , Njarui Donald M G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Drought has become more recurrent and causes a substantial decline in forage yields leading to strain on feed resources for livestock production. This has intensified the search for drought-tolerant forages to promote sustainable livestock production. The objective of this study was to identify drought-tolerant Urochloa grasses and to discern their morpho-physiological and yield traits to water stress as well as the relationship between these traits and indices of drought resistance. The results showed that the ecotypes, water regimes and their interaction significantly influenced all the studied morpho-physiological and yield traits. There was a significant decrease in plant height, number of leaves and tillers, dry matter yield, relative water content, photosystem II and efficiency of photosystem II with an increase in non-photochemical quenching. The principal component analysis revealed that the performance of Urochloa grass ecotypes was different under water sufficient (WS) and water deficit conditions. Drought tolerance indicators (mean productivity, geometric mean productivity, tolerance index and stress tolerance index) were most effective in identifying Urochloa ecotypes with high biomass production under both water deficient and WS conditions. Ecotypes K17, K7, Kisii, Busia and Kakamega were the most drought tolerant, Basilisk, K6, K10, K19 and Toledo were moderately tolerant whereas, CIAT6385, CIAT16449, K13, K5 and K9 were drought sensitive. The five drought-tolerant Urochloa ecotypes should be tested for sustainable biomass production under field conditions and used in breeding programmes to develop high-yielding drought-tolerant varieties.
Sesame Genomic Web Resource (SesameGWR): a well-annotated data resource for transcriptomic signatures of abiotic and biotic stress responses in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Avashthi Himanshu , Angadi Ulavappa Basavanneppa , Chauhan Divya , Kumar Anuj , Mishra Dwijesh Chandra , Rangan Parimalan , Yadav Rashmi , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a globally cultivated oilseed crop renowned for its historical significance and widespread growth in tropical and subtropical regions. With notable nutritional and medicinal attributes, sesame has shown promising effects in combating malnutrition cancer, diabetes, and other diseases like cardiovascular problems. However, sesame production faces significant challenges from environmental threats such as charcoal rot, drought, salinity, and waterlogging stress, resulting in economic losses for farmers. The scarcity of information on stress-resistance genes and pathways exacerbates these challenges. Despite its immense importance, there is currently no platform available to provide comprehensive information on sesame, which significantly hinders the mining of various stress-associated genes and the molecular breeding of sesame. To address this gap, here a free, web-accessible, and user-friendly genomic web resource (SesameGWR, http://backlin.cabgrid.res.in/sesameGWR/) has been developed This platform provides key insights into differentially expressed genes, transcription factors, miRNAs, and molecular markers like simple sequence repeats, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and insertions and deletions associated with both biotic and abiotic stresses.. The functional genomics information and annotations embedded in this web resource were predicted through RNA-seq data analysis. Considering the impact of climate change and the nutritional and medicinal importance of sesame, this study is of utmost importance in understanding stress responses. SesameGWR will serve as a valuable tool for developing climate-resilient sesame varieties, thereby enhancing the productivity of this ancient oilseed crop.
Estimating the Reliability of Crime Data in Geographic Areas
Authors: Brunton-Smith Ian , Cernat Alex , Pina-Sánchez Jose , Buil-Gil David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Crime data are problematic: Crimes that are never reported undermine its validity and differences in police recording practices affect its reliability. However, the true extent of these problems is not well known, with existing studies suffering from a number of methodological limitations. We examine the quality of police recorded crime data and survey-based crime estimates recorded in England and Wales using a robust latent trait model that effectively represents the competing sources of error. We find that whilst crime rates derived from police data systematically underestimate the true extent of crime, they are substantially more reliable than estimates from survey data. Reliability is lower for violence and criminal damage and is getting worse over time.
The impact of mild and moderate COVID-19 infection on the progression of kidney dysfunction in patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Hui Miao , Shi Su-Fang , Zhou Xu-Jie , Liu Li-Jun , Lv Ji-Cheng , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Previous research indicates that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may have a role in triggering immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. However, limited research has explored the clinical implications of COVID-19 infection in individuals already diagnosed with IgA nephropathy. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19 infection independently affects the subsequent trajectory of kidney function in IgA nephropathy patients.

Methods
This was a single-center cohort study. The study included 199 patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy. The COVID-19 infection status was determined using a combined method: a questionnaire and the Health Code application, both administered at the end of 2022 in northern China. Kidney function trajectory was assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated based on serum creatinine levels measured during follow-up outpatient visits. The primary endpoint of interest was the eGFR trajectory.

Results
Out of the 199 participants, 75% (n = 181) reported a confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, determined through antigen or polymerase chain reaction tests, accounting for 79% (n = 143) of the infected patients. A significant majority (98%) experienced mild to moderate symptoms. Over a median follow-up period of 10.7 months post-COVID-19 infection, notable clinical events included gross hematuria in 30 patients (16.6%), which normalized within an average of 3 days. Additionally, a 2-fold increase in proteinuria or progression to the nephrotic range was observed in 10 individuals (5.5%). No cases of acute kidney injury were noted. COVID-19 exposure was associated with an absolute change in eGFR of 2.98 mL/min/1.73 m2 per month (95% confidence interval 0.46 to 5.50). However, in a fully adjusted model, the estimated changes in eGFR slope post-COVID-19 were –0.39 mL/min/1.73 m2 per month (95% confidence interval –0.83 to 0.06, P = .088) which included the possibility of no significant effect. Notably, a higher rate of kidney function decline was primarily observed in patients with a baseline eGFR &lt;45 mL/min/1.73 m2 [–0.56 mL/min/1.73 m2 (–1.11 to –0.01), P = .048]. In the cohort, there were few instances of severe COVID-19 cases. The absence of long-term follow-up outcomes was observed.

Conclusions
Overall, mild to moderate COVID-19 infection does not appear to significantly exacerbate the subsequent decline in kidney function among IgA nephropathy patients, particularly in those with preserved baseline kidney function.
Myeloid cannabinoid CB1 receptor deletion confers atheroprotection in male mice by reducing macrophage proliferation in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Guo , Chen Bingni , Shakir George , Volz Mario , van der Vorst Emiel P C , Maas Sanne L , Geiger Martina , Jethwa Carolin , Bartelt Alexander , Li Zhaolong , Wettich Justus , Sachs Nadja , Maegdefessel Lars , Nazari Jahantigh Maliheh , Hristov Michael , Lacy Michael , Lutz Beat , Weber Christian , Herzig Stephan , Guillamat Prats Raquel , Steffens Sabine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Although the cannabinoid CB1 receptor has been implicated in atherosclerosis, its cell-specific effects in this disease are not well understood. To address this, we generated a transgenic mouse model to study the role of myeloid CB1 signalling in atherosclerosis.

Methods and results
Here, we report that male mice with myeloid-specific Cnr1 deficiency on atherogenic background developed smaller lesions and necrotic cores than controls, while only minor genotype differences were observed in females. Male Cnr1-deficient mice showed reduced arterial monocyte recruitment and macrophage proliferation with less inflammatory phenotype. The sex-specific differences in proliferation were dependent on oestrogen receptor (ER)α-oestradiol signalling. Kinase activity profiling identified a CB1-dependent regulation of p53 and cyclin-dependent kinases. Transcriptomic profiling further revealed chromatin modifications, mRNA processing, and mitochondrial respiration among the key processes affected by CB1 signalling, which was supported by metabolic flux assays. Chronic administration of the peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist JD5037 inhibited plaque progression and macrophage proliferation, but only in male mice. Finally, CNR1 expression was detectable in human carotid endarterectomy plaques and inversely correlated with proliferation, oxidative metabolism, and inflammatory markers, suggesting a possible implication of CB1-dependent regulation in human pathophysiology.

Conclusion
Impaired macrophage CB1 signalling is atheroprotective by limiting their arterial recruitment, proliferation, and inflammatory reprogramming in male mice. The importance of macrophage CB1 signalling appears to be sex-dependent.
When cardiovascular medicines should be discontinued
Authors: Krychtiuk Konstantin A , Gersh Bernard J , Washam Jeffrey B , Granger Christopher B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An integral component of the practice of medicine is focused on the initiation of medications, based on clinical practice guidelines and underlying trial evidence, which usually test the addition of novel medications intended for life-long use in short-term clinical trials. Much less attention is given to the question of medication discontinuation, especially after a lengthy period of treatment, during which patients age gets older and diseases may either progress or new diseases may emerge. Given the paucity of data, clinical practice guidelines offer little to no guidance on when and how to deprescribe cardiovascular medications. Such decisions are often left to the discretion of clinicians, who, together with their patients, express concern of potential adverse effects of medication discontinuation. Even in the absence of adverse effects, the continuation of medications without any proven effect may cause harm due to drug–drug interactions, the emergence of polypharmacy, and additional preventable spending to already strained health systems. Herein, several cardiovascular medications or medication classes are discussed that in the opinion of this author group should generally be discontinued, either for the prevention of potential harm, for a lack of benefit, or for the availability of better alternatives.
Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in chickens: integrated analysis of the host genome, molecular phenomics and gut microbiome
Authors: Sun Congjiao , Lan Fangren , Zhou Qianqian , Guo Xiaoli , Jin Jiaming , Wen Chaoliang , Guo Yanxin , Hou Zhuocheng , Zheng Jiangxia , Wu Guiqin , Li Guangqi , Yan Yiyuan , Li Junying , Ma Qiugang , Yang Ning 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is the initial manifestation of abnormal liver functions and often leads to liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans and fatty liver syndrome in animals. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of a large chicken population consisting of 705 adult hens by combining host genome resequencing; liver transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis; and microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of each gut segment. The results showed the heritability (h2 = 0.25) and duodenal microbiability (m2 = 0.26) of hepatic steatosis were relatively high, indicating a large effect of host genetics and duodenal microbiota on chicken hepatic steatosis. Individuals with hepatic steatosis had low microbiota diversity and a decreased genetic potential to process triglyceride output from hepatocytes, fatty acid β-oxidation activity, and resistance to fatty acid peroxidation. Furthermore, we revealed a molecular network linking host genomic variants (GGA6: 5.59–5.69 Mb), hepatic gene/protein expression (PEMT, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine N-methyltransferase), metabolite abundances (folate, S-adenosylmethionine, homocysteine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine), and duodenal microbes (genus Lactobacillus) to hepatic steatosis, which could provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of fatty liver development.
Modeling interactions between Heparan sulfate and proteins based on the Heparan sulfate microarray analysis
Authors: Melo-Filho Cleber C , Su Guowei , Liu Kevin , Muratov Eugene N , Tropsha Alexander , Liu Jian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a sulfated polysaccharide abundant in the extracellular matrix, plays pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes by interacting with proteins. Investigating the binding selectivity of HS oligosaccharides to target proteins is essential, but the exhaustive inclusion of all possible oligosaccharides in microarray experiments is impractical. To address this challenge, we present a hybrid pipeline that integrates microarray and in silico techniques to design oligosaccharides with desired protein affinity. Using fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) as a model protein, we assembled an in-house dataset of HS oligosaccharides on microarrays and developed two structural representations: a standard representation with all atoms explicit and a simplified representation with disaccharide units as “quasi-atoms.” Predictive Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) models for FGF2 affinity were developed using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The resulting models, considering the applicability domain, demonstrated high predictivity, with a correct classification rate of 0.81–0.80 and improved positive predictive values (PPV) up to 0.95. Virtual screening of 40 new oligosaccharides using the simplified model identified 15 computational hits, 11 of which were experimentally validated for high FGF2 affinity. This hybrid approach marks a significant step toward the targeted design of oligosaccharides with desired protein interactions, providing a foundation for broader applications in glycobiology.
The impacts of task shifting on the management and treatment of malnourished children in Northern Kenya: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Donfouet Hermann Pythagore Pierre , Daniel Tewoldeberhan , Wilunda Calistus , Mwaniki Elizabeth , Njiru James , Keane Emily , Schofield Lily , Maina Lucy , Kutondo Edward , Agutu Olivia , Okoth Peter , Raburu Judith , Samburu Betty , Mwangi Bonventure , Zerfu Taddese Alemu , Khamadi Jemimah Wekhomba , Charle Cuellar Pilar , Kavoo Daniel , Karimurio Lydia , Matanda Charles , Mutua Alex , Gichohi Grace , Chabi Martin , Codjia Patrick , Oteyza Saul Guerrero , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Treating children with acute malnutrition can be challenging, particularly regarding access to healthcare facilities during treatment. Task shifting, a strategy of transferring specific tasks to health workers with shorter training and fewer qualifications, is being considered as an effective approach to enhancing health outcomes in primary healthcare. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of integrating the treatment of acute malnutrition by community health volunteers into integrated community case management in two sub-counties in northern Kenya (Loima and Isiolo). We conducted a two-arm non-inferiority cluster-randomized controlled trial across 20 community health units. Participants were children aged 6–59 months with uncomplicated acute malnutrition. In the intervention group, community health volunteers used simplified tools and protocols to identify and treat eligible children at home and provided the usual integrated community case management package. In the control group, community health volunteers provided the usual integrated community case management package only (screening and referral of the malnourished children to the health facilities). The primary outcome was recovery (MUAC ≥12.5 cm for 2 consecutive weeks). Results show that children in the intervention group were more likely to recover than those in the control group [73 vs 50; risk difference (RD) = 26% (95% CI 12 to 40) and risk ratio (RR) = 2 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.9)]. The probability of defaulting was lower in the intervention group than in the control group: RD = −21% (95% CI −31 to −10) and RR = 0.3 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.5). The intervention reduced the length of stay by about 13 days, although this was not statistically significant and varied substantially by sub-county. Integrating the treatment of acute malnutrition by community health volunteers into the integrated community case management programme led to better malnutrition treatment outcomes. There is a need to integrate acute malnutrition treatment into integrated community case management and review policies to allow community health volunteers to treat uncomplicated acute malnutrition.
Assessing Pediatric Burn Wound Infection Using a Point-of-Care Fluorescence Imaging Device
Authors: Turner Evan , Kelly Charis , Zuccaro Jennifer , Chakera Hawwa , Gus Eduardo , Fish Joel S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Wound infection is the most common complication among pediatric burn patients. When not treated promptly, burn wound infection may lead to delayed healing, failure of skin grafts, or death. Standard burn wound assessment includes inspection for visual signs and symptoms of infection (VSSI) and microbial sampling. To aid in the assessment of burn wound infection, the MolecuLight, a point-of-care autofluorescence imaging device, was introduced at our pediatric burn program in 2020. The MolecuLight uses violet light to illuminate the wound bed, causing clinically relevant quantities of 29 different species of bacteria (&gt;104 CFU/g) to fluoresce in real time. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of the MolecuLight in the management of pediatric burn wounds and determine if the findings from the MolecuLight corresponded to VSSI and/or microbial sampling. A retrospective review of patients 0-18 years who had burn wounds assessed with the MolecuLight between November 1, 2020 and June 8, 2023 was conducted. Data were extracted from the medical records of 178 eligible patients with 218 wounds imaged with the device. Fluorescence corresponded with VSSI in 81% of wounds and microbial findings in 82% of wounds. MolecuLight fluorescence, in combination with VSSI, improved sensitivity for detecting wound infections by 39% and decreased specificity by 19% compared to visual signs and symptoms in isolation. Incorporation of the MolecuLight in standard burn wound assessments can improve the detection of infections, which may promote improved wound healing outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship.
A New Surgical Concept for the Efficient Treatment of Large and Deep Burns
Authors: Hundeshagen Gabriel , Panayi Adriana C , Hannmann Torsten , Knoedler Leonard , Tapking Christian , Palackic Alen , Haug Valentin , Bliesener Björn , Vogelpohl Julian , Vollbach Felix H , Kneser Ulrich 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Effective burn surgery is based on two fundamental principles: prompt excision of necrotic tissue and definitive coverage, preserving functional dermis and body contour. There is often compromise, either prioritizing the urgency of excision or opting for patient stability and optimal conditions prior to autografting. We propose a surgical concept that addresses this critical treatment gap. In 2022, we implemented a new three-phase protocol, EDM: (Excision phase, E) Immediate excision of the burn wound preserving body contour; (Dermis phase, D) definitive temporization of the wound bed, using biodegradable temporizing matrix, to prepare it for successful grafting. Upon complete dermal temporization, full autologous coverage in a single micrografting procedure is achieved (Meek phase, M). We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study to characterize the EDM protocol compared to the prior standard of care (&gt;40% TBSA, n = 5 in EDM vs n = 10 matched controls). Primary outcomes were total surgeries required, total surgeries to achieve&gt;90% healing, uninterrupted recovery time without surgery, and time on mechanical ventilation. The EDM group required fewer surgeries in total (5 vs 9.5; P = .01) and to achieve&gt;90% healing (3 vs 6.5; P = .001). EDM patients experienced longer uninterrupted recovery (25 vs 13 days, P = .001). Additionally, EDM patients spent less time on mechanical ventilation (210 vs 1136 h, P = .005). The EDM protocol could improve surgical efficiency, ultimately having the potential to expedite rehabilitation for severely burned patients. The study underscores the potential of combining the fundamentals of burn surgery, with innovative surgical techniques and materials, in order to bridge the gap between excision and grafting.