bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Chinese students at a UK university
Authors: Tang Tina T. T. , Reilly James , Dickson Joanne M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim: In this study we aimed to investigate whether Chinese international and British home students at a university in the United Kingdom differed in their attitudes towards seeking psychological help. Method: The total sample comprised 323 participants. Participants completed measures to assess their attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (recognition of need for psychological help, stigma tolerance, interpersonal openness, confidence in mental health practitioners). Results: Chinese students reported significantly less interpersonal openness than that reported by British students. Contrary to prediction, however, no significant group differences were found on any of the other mental health attitudes (i.e. recognition of need for psychological help, confidence in mental health practitioners or stigma tolerance). Within‐group contrasts also showed that Chinese students reported lower scores on interpersonal openness than on stigma tolerance and confidence in mental health practitioners. In contrast, British participants reported less confidence in mental health practitioners and recognition of the need for psychological help than reported for stigma tolerance and interpersonal openness. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for a greater understanding of students' cultural inclinations toward mental health issues and cultural attitudes that may hinder and/or facilitate students' access and engagement with psychological services in higher education institutions.
Mytoe: automatic analysis of mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Lihavainen Eero , Mäkelä Jarno , Spelbrink Johannes N. , Ribeiro Andre S. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Summary: We present Mytoe, a tool for analyzing mitochondrial morphology and dynamics from fluorescence microscope images. The tool provides automated quantitative analysis of mitochondrial motion by optical flow estimation and of morphology by segmentation of individual branches of the network-like structure of the organelles. Mytoe quantifies several features of individual branches, such as length, tortuosity and speed, and of the macroscopic structure, such as mitochondrial area and degree of clustering. We validate the methods and apply them to the analysis of sequences of images of U2OS human cells with fluorescently labeled mitochondria.
Availability: Source code, Windows software and Manual available at http://www.cs.tut.fi/%7Esanchesr/mito
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: eero.lihavainen@tut.fi; andre.ribeiro@tut.fi
Declining silicate concentrations in the Norwegian and Barents Seas
Authors: Rey Francisco 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Rey, F. 2012. Declining silicate concentrations in the Norwegian and Barents Seas. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 208–212. Since 1990, a decline in silicate concentrations together with increasing salinities has been observed in the Atlantic water of the Norwegian and Barents Seas. This decline in silicate has been found to be related to the relative proportion in which eastern and western source water masses from the northeastern North Atlantic enter the Norwegian Sea.
Predicted warming and browning affect timing and magnitude of plankton phenological events in lakes: a mesocosm study
Authors: NICOLLE ALICE , HALLGREN PER , Von EINEM JESSICA , KRITZBERG EMMA SOFIA , GRANÉLI WILHELM , PERSSON ANDERS , BRÖNMARK CHRISTER , HANSSON LARS‐ANDERS 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. Aquatic ecosystems in Northern Europe are expected to face increases in temperature and water colour (TB) in future. While effects of these factors have been studied separately, it is unknown whether and how a combination of them might affect phenological events and trophic interactions.2. In a mesocosm study, we combined both factors to create conditions expected to arise during the coming century. We focused on quantifying effects on timing and magnitude of plankton spring phenological events and identifying possible mismatches between resources (phytoplankton) and consumers (zooplankton).3. We found that the increases in TB had important effects on timing and abundance of different plankton groups. While increased temperature led to an earlier peak in phytoplankton and zooplankton and a change in the relative timing of different zooplankton groups, increased water colour reduced chlorophyll‐a concentrations.4. Increased TB together benefitted cladocerans and calanoid copepods and led to stronger top‐down control of algae by zooplankton. There was no sign of a mismatch between primary producers and grazers as reported from other studies.5. Our results point towards an earlier onset of plankton spring growth in shallow lakes in future with a stronger top‐down control of phytoplankton by zooplankton grazers.
Effects of organic matter and season on leaf litter colonisation and breakdown in cave streams
Authors: VENARSKY MICHAEL P. , BENSTEAD JONATHAN P. , HURYN ALEXANDER D. 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. Low organic matter availability is thought to be a primary factor influencing evolutionary and ecological processes in cave ecosystems. We examined links among organic matter abundance, macroinvertebrate community structure and breakdown rates of red maple (Acer rubrum) and corn litter (Zea mays) in coarse‐ (10 × 8 mm) and fine‐mesh (500‐μm) litter bags over two seasonal periods in four cave streams in the south‐eastern U.S.A.2. Organic matter abundance differed among cave streams, averaging from near zero to 850 g ash‐free dry mass m−2. Each cave system harboured a different macroinvertebrate community. However, trophic structure was similar among caves, with low shredder biomass (2–17% of total biomass).3. Corn litter breakdown rates (mean k = 0.005 day−1) were faster than red maple (mean k = 0.003 day−1). Breakdown rates in coarse‐mesh bags (k = 0.001–0.012 day−1) were up to three times faster than in fine‐mesh bags (k = 0.001–0.004 day−1). Neither invertebrate biomass in litter bags nor breakdown rates were correlated with the ambient abundance of organic matter. Litter breakdown rates showed no significant temporal variation. Epigean (surface‐adapted) invertebrates dominated biomass in litter bags, suggesting that their effects on cave ecosystem processes may be greater than hypogean (cave‐adapted) taxa, the traditional focus of cave studies.4. The functional diversity of our cave communities and litter breakdown rates are comparable to those found in previous litter breakdown studies in cave streams, suggesting that the factors that control organic matter processing (e.g. trophic structure of communities) may be broadly similar across geographically diverse areas.
Expression profiles of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptides in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection
Authors: Pridgeon J W , Mu X , Klesius P H 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUsing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), the relative transcriptional levels of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (NK‐lysin type 1, NK‐lysin type 2, NK‐lysin type 3, bactericidal permeability‐increasing protein, cathepsin D, hepcidin and liver‐expressed AMP 2) in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection were determined. None of the AMP genes tested was significantly upregulated at 2 h post‐infection. Hepcidin was the only one that was significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated at 4, 6 and 12 h post‐infection. At 24 and 48 h post‐infection, four AMPs (hepcidin, NK‐lysin type 1, NK‐lysin type 3 and cathepsin D) were significantly (P <0.05) upregulated. Among all the AMPs that were significantly upregulated at different time points, hepcidin at 4, 6 and 12 h post‐infection was upregulated the most. When catfish were injected with different doses of E. ictaluri, all lethal doses were able to induce significant (P <0.05) upregulation of hepcidin in the posterior kidney, whereas sublethal doses failed to induce any significant upregulation of hepcidin. In vitro growth studies revealed that the presence of synthetic hepcidin peptide at a concentration of 16 μm or higher significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of E. ictaluri. Taken together, our results suggest that hepcidin might play an important role in the channel catfish defence against E. ictaluri infection.
Secular trends in the epidemiology of pre‐eclampsia throughout 40 years in Norway: prevalence, risk factors and perinatal survival
Authors: Klungsøyr Kari , Morken Nils Halvdan , Irgens Lorentz , Vollset Stein Emil , Skjærven Rolv 
Published: February 2012

SummaryKlungsøyr K, Morken NH, Irgens L, Vollset SE, Skjærven R. Secular trends in the epidemiology of pre‐eclampsia throughout 40 years in Norway: prevalence, risk factors and perinatal survival. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012; 26: 190–198.Pre‐eclampsia is a leading complication of pregnancy, associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity. The present study describes the epidemiology of pre‐eclampsia in Norway, with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, covering 40 years. We aimed at describing time trends in prevalence, selected risk factors and perinatal mortality. We also analysed time trends in recurrence risk of total pre‐eclampsia and pre‐eclampsia with preterm delivery. A total of 2 416 501 women giving birth during 1967–2008 were included. Prevalence of pre‐eclampsia increased from 1967 to 1999 and decreased thereafter, with an overall prevalence of 3%. Rates increased more over time among younger than older women, resulting in a significantly lower excess risk of pre‐eclampsia associated with high maternal age in later years. For example, relative risk (RR) of pre‐eclampsia among primiparae aged ≥35 relative to <25 years changed from 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1, 2.7] in 1967–1976 to 1.2 [95% CI 1.1, 1.3] in 1999–2008. For recurrence risk, subsequent pregnancies to a mother were linked, with the mother being the unit of analysis. Recurrence risk of pre‐eclampsia was high, particularly recurrence of preterm pre‐eclampsia, with overall RR close to 50 of a second pregnancy with pre‐eclampsia and preterm birth compared with women without pre‐eclampsia in first pregnancies. Finally, stillbirth associated with pre‐eclampsia decreased more than neonatal mortality over time, and in the last 5 years only a moderate excess risk of stillbirth and neonatal death was observed.
The Plasma Level of Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products is Decreased in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ma C.‐Y. , Ma J.‐L. , Jiao Y.‐L. , Li J.‐F. , Wang L.‐C. , Yang Q.‐R. , You L. , Cui B. , Chen Z.‐J. , Zhao Y.‐R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn recent years, the role of high mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) protein and its receptors in autoimmune diseases has received increasing attention. It has been documented that HMGB1 is associated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was undertaken to determine the potential role of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), one receptor for HMGB1, in the pathogenesis of SLE. Plasma levels of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) from 105 patients with clinical diagnosis of SLE and 43 healthy controls were determined by ELISA. Associations between sRAGE levels and clinical, laboratory characteristics were assessed. The data showed that plasma levels of sRAGE in patients with SLE were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (HC) (P = 0.003). Plasma sRAGE in patients receiving short‐period treatment showed an immediate decrease compared with the untreated patients (P = 0.023). In contrast, plasma sRAGE in patients receiving long‐period treatment were significantly increased compared to those with short‐period treatment (P = 0.000) and comparable with those in HC (P = 0.305). The significant decreased levels of sRAGE in patients with SLE suggest the potential association of RAGE signalling and SLE clinical pathology, whereas, long‐period antilupus treatment may counteract the decreased sRAGE levels in patients with SLE.
Increase in flavan‐3‐ols by silencing flavonol synthase mRNA affects the transcript expression and activity levels of antioxidant enzymes in tobacco
Authors: Mahajan M. , Joshi R. , Gulati A. , Yadav S. K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFlavonoids are plant secondary metabolites widespread throughout the plant kingdom involved in many physiological and biochemical functions. Amongst the flavonoids, flavan‐3‐ols (catechin and epicatechin) are known for their direct free radical scavenging activity in vitro, but studies on their antioxidant potential and interaction with antioxidant enzymes in vivo are lacking. Here, the flavonoid pathway was engineered by silencing a gene encoding flavonol synthase (FLS) in tobacco to direct the flow of metabolites towards production of flavan‐3‐ols. FLS silencing reduced flavonol content 17–53%, while it increased catechin and epicatechin content 51–93% and 18–27%, respectively. The silenced lines showed a significant increase in expression of genes for dihydroflavonol reductase and anthocyanidin synthase, a downstream gene towards epicatechin production, with no significant change in expression of other genes of the flavonoid pathway. Effects of accumulation of flavan‐3‐ols in FLS silenced lines on transcript level and activities of antioxidant enzymes were studied. Transcripts of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), and catalase (CAT) increased, while glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), decreased in FLS silenced lines. Enhanced activity of all the antioxidant enzymes was observed in silenced tobacco lines. To validate the affect of flavan‐3‐ols on the antioxidant system, in vitro experiments were conducted with tobacco seedlings exposed to two concentrations of catechin (10  and 50 μm) for 2 days. In vitro exposed seedlings produced similar levels of transcripts and activity of antioxidant enzymes as FLS silenced seedlings. Results suggest that flavan‐3‐ols (catechin) might be increasing activity of GR, Apx and CAT by elevating their mRNAs levels. Since these enzymes are involved in scavenging of reactive oxygen species, this strategy would help in tailoring crops for enhanced catechin production as well as making them tolerant to oxidative stresses.
Bortezomib reverses the proliferative and antiapoptotic effect of neuropeptides on prostate cancer cells
Authors: Tsapakidis Konstantinos , Vlachostergios Panagiotis J , Voutsadakis Ioannis A , Befani Christina D , Patrikidou Anna , Hatzidaki Eleana , Daliani Danai D , Moutzouris George , Liakos Panagiotis , Papandreou Christos N 
Published: February 2012

Objectives:  Neuropeptides are important signal initiators in advanced prostate cancer, partially acting through activation of nuclear factor kappa B. Central to nuclear factor kappa B regulation is the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, pharmacological inhibition of which has been proposed as an anticancer strategy. We investigated the putative role of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in neuropeptides signaling effects on prostate cancer cells.Methods:  Human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and PC‐3, were used to examine cell proliferation, levels of proapoptotic (caspase‐3, Bad) and cell cycle regulatory proteins (p53, p27, p21), as well as total and phosphorylated Akt and p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase proteins. Furthermore, 20S proteasome activity, subcellular localization of nuclear factor kappa B and transcription of nuclear factor kappa B target genes, interleukin‐8 and vascular endothelial growth factor, were assessed.Results:  Neuropeptides (endothelin‐1, bombesin) increased cell proliferation, whereas bortezomib decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis, an effect maintained after cotreatment with neuropeptides. Bad, p53, p21 and p27 were downregulated by neuropeptides in PC‐3, and these effects were reversed with the addition of bortezomib. Neuropeptides increased proteasomal activity and nuclear factor kappa B levels in PC‐3, and these effects were prevented by bortezomib. Interleukin‐8 and vascular endothelial growth factor transcripts were induced after neuropeptides treatment, but downregulated by bortezomib. These results coincided with the ability of bortezomib to reduce mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling in both cell lines.Conclusions:  These findings are consistent with bortezomib‐mediated abrogation of neuropeptides‐induced proliferative and antiapoptotic signaling. Thus, the effect of the drug on the neuropeptides axis needs to be further investigated, as neuropeptide action in prostate cancer might entail involvement of the proteasome.
Environmental, biochemical and genetic drivers of DMSP degradation and DMS production in the Sargasso Sea
Authors: Levine Naomi Marcil , Varaljay Vanessa A. , Toole Dierdre A. , Dacey John W. H. , Doney Scott C. , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: February 2012

SummaryDimethylsulfide (DMS) is a climatically relevant trace gas produced and cycled by the surface ocean food web. Mechanisms driving intraannual variability in DMS production and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) degradation in open‐ocean, oligotrophic regions were investigated during a 10‐month time‐series at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study site in the Sargasso Sea. Abundance and transcription of bacterial DMSP degradation genes, DMSP lyase enzyme activity, and DMS and DMSP concentrations, consumption rates and production rates were quantified over time and depth. This interdisciplinary data set was used to test current hypotheses of the role of light and carbon supply in regulating upper‐ocean sulfur cycling. Findings supported UV‐A‐dependent phytoplankton DMS production. Bacterial DMSP degraders may also contribute significantly to DMS production when temperatures are elevated and UV‐A dose is moderate, but may favour DMSP demethylation under low UV‐A doses. Three groups of bacterial DMSP degraders with distinct intraannual variability were identified and niche differentiation was indicated. The combination of genetic and biochemical data suggest a modified ‘bacterial switch’ hypothesis where the prevalence of different bacterial DMSP degradation pathways is regulated by a complex set of factors including carbon supply, temperature and UV‐A dose.
The IGD Best Practice Guide to communicating to consumers about a healthy, balanced diet
Authors: Hackett R. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryConsumers are exposed to messages about diet, nutrition and health from a variety of sources, some less reliable than others and information can be confusing or contradictory. It is important that messages about healthy eating are clear and consistent. The ‘Best Practice Guide to communicating to consumers about a healthy, balanced diet’ by the Institute of Grocery Distribution's Industry Nutrition Strategy Group is based on healthy eating messages set out by the Government. It aims to help food businesses communicate to their consumers about a healthy, balanced diet, in a way that is relevant, appropriate and consistent with the Government's messages.
Evidence‐based portion sizes for toddlers (aged 1–3 years)
Authors: More J. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryTo address the lack of guidance in feeding toddlers, the Infant and Toddler Forum has launched a factsheet providing evidence‐based portion size ranges of a wide variety of foods. They can be used to limit excess energy intakes in toddlers (aged 1–3 years) and to reassure parents who worry that their toddlers do not eat enough.
SHOULD MARITAL RELATIONS BE NON‐HIERARCHICAL?
Authors: Landau Iddo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe paper explores an egalitarian norm widely accepted today, which I call the Marital Non‐Hierarchy Standard. According to this standard, marital relationships should be non‐hierarchical; neither partner may be more dominant than the other. The Marital Non‐Hierarchy Standard is exceptional: in almost all associations, including many financial, professional, educational and recreational ones, in almost all spheres of life, some hierarchies, within certain limits, are widely believed to be morally legitimate. I argue that in marital relations, too, some hierarchies should be accepted as morally legitimate. It might be argued that marital relations should be loving, and love requires that lovers will have the same degree of power. However, contemporary analyses of love show that love is consistent with (some) hierarchies. It might also be argued that justice requires that lovers will have equal power. However, theories of distributive justice such as Rawls's, Sen's, Dworkin's, and almost all others allow some marital hierarchies. Thus, both the love requirement and the justice requirement allow some hierarchical marital relationships and conflict with the Marital Non‐Hierarchy Standard. Until other justifications for this standard are presented, it is unclear why it should be endorsed.
STRONG INTERIORITY AND (TRADITIONAL) THEISM: WHAT'S THE PROBLEM?
Authors: Oakes Robert 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCentral to Spinozism is the thesis that the immanence of the Divine Substance in the cosmos (in natural objects) is – like the immanence of the dancer in the dance –maximal or total. Just as the dance consists entirely of the dancer in aesthetically‐stylized motion, so the domain of nature is nothing in addition to God in cosmic guise. Accordingly, natural objects constitute modes of God. Hence, Spinozism and (traditional) theism are obviously irreconcilable. For it is indispensable to theism that the immanence of God in the cosmos is not maximal; rather, that natural objects are distinct from the Divine Substance. Now it has standardly been presupposed by theists (and many others) that natural objects could not be distinct from God without being ontologically exterior to God; thus, that theism would readily collapse into Spinozism if the cosmos was interior to the Divine Substance. It seems to me that this is a long‐standing mistake. After demonstrating that there is probative warrant for maintaining that theism requires the interiority of natural objects to God, there is shown to be more than adequate justification for denying that this necessitates the collapse of theism into Spinozism.
Clinical and dermoscopic features of small Reed nevus (<6 mm)
Authors: de Giorgi V. , Savarese I. , Rossari S. , Gori A. , Grazzini M. , Crocetti E. , Longo A. , Oranges T. , Massi D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground  The differential diagnosis between Reed nevi and melanoma becomes more difficult if the lesion to analyse presents a small size, with a diameter of 6 mm or smaller. Many studies have reported various dermoscopic features of Reed nevi during their growth phases. In early stages of evolution, the lesions generally show a characteristic globular appearance typically found in childhood, followed by the so‐called starburst pattern.Objective  The aim of the study was to identify the main dermoscopic features in small Reed nevi (<6 mm in size).Methods  Using a computerized skin‐imaging database for melanoma prevention surgery at the Department of Dermatology of the University of Florence, 15 Reed nevi were selected among 103 small (<6 mm) melanocytic lesions consecutively excised. Images of small Reed nevi, independently blinded to histopathological diagnosis, were administered to a dermatologist expert in dermoscopy, who separately examined the clinical and the dermatoscopic images of small Reed nevi and evaluated their clinical and dermoscopic parameters.Results  Analysis of the main dermoscopic patterns showed that 40% had a reticular pattern, 20% had a starburst pattern, 6.5% had a globular pattern, 6.5% had a homogeneous pattern and 27% had an atypical pattern.Conclusion  We propose that small, early‐stage Reed nevus are not characterized by an evolution of growth patterns to a phenotype typical of larger lesions. We assume that the patterns are distributed in a linear manner between age groups, may all be present at the outset and thus are independent from the various stages of nevus development.