bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of F−‐Selective Ionophores in Carboxylated or Aminated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)‐Based Membranes of Ion‐Selective Electrodes
Authors: Pietrzak Mariusz , Mroczkiewicz Monika , Malinowska Elżbieta 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work, complexes of Zr(IV) and Al(III) cations with tert‐butyl substituted tetraphenylporphyrin or tetraazaporphine were tested as F−‐selective ionophores in plasticized aminated or carboxylated PVC membranes of ion‐selective electrodes. It was found that functional groups present in the backbone of applied polymers influence the complexing properties of tested ligands, causing changes of F−‐selectivity of electrodes prepared with their use in comparison with the electrodes with unmodified PVC membranes. This work shows, that application of functionalized PVC can eliminate the need of relatively expensive ionic sites addition to ion‐selective membranes doped with metallocomplexes.
Impedimetric DNA Aptasensor for Sensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A in Food
Authors: Castillo Gabriela , Lamberti Ilaria , Mosiello Lucia , Hianik Tibor 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report a high sensitive biosensor based on DNA aptamers for detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). The thiolated DNA aptamers specific to OTA of different configurations have been immobilized by chemisorption to the surface of a gold electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the presence of a redox probe [Fe(CN)6]−3/−4 has been used for the determination of the charge transfer resistance, Rct, followed by addition of OTA. The Rct increased with increasing OTA concentration in the range of 0.1–100 nM. The limit of detection (0.12–0.40 nM) depended on the configuration of the aptamers. The sensor was regenerable and validated in food samples with satisfactory recovery.
Towards Protein Assays on Paper Platforms with Potentiometric Detection
Authors: Szűcs Júlia , Gyurcsányi Róbert E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMicrofluidic paper‐based assays represent a new approach to address the need for simple and cost‐effective medical diagnostics. In an effort to couple paper‐based assays with a similarly simple signal transduction, here we explored the feasibility of using potentiometric detection as a new modality to quantify affinity assays performed on a paper platform. As proof of principle a dot‐blot model assay based on using IgE aptamer‐gold nanoparticle conjugates was developed for the quantitative determination of IgE. The gold nanoparticle conjugates further catalyzed the deposition of silver nanoparticles that by oxidative dissolution generated silver ions. The silver ions were detected directly in the wet paper matrix by using a silver ion selective electrode. The analytical performance of potentiometric dot‐blot assay matched that of reflectance‐based assays, which suggests that potentiometric detection might represent a viable alternative to the conventionally used optical detection.
A novel open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography with magnetic nanoparticle coating as stationary phase
Authors: Zhu Yaxian , Zhou Chaoran , Qin Sasa , Ren Zhiyu , Zhang Lingyi , Fu Honggang , Zhang Weibing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT‐CEC) with modified core/shell magnetic nanoparticles coating as stationary phase was introduced using external magnetic force to fix magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles coating inside the capillary columns could be easily regenerated by removing and re‐applying the external magnetic field. Magnetic field intensity, concentration and flow rate of nanoparticles suspension were investigated to achieve simple and stable preparation. Mixture of five organic acids was used as the marker sample to evaluate the OT‐CEC system, and the relative column efficiency of anthranilic acid reaches 220 000 plates/m. The excellent within‐column and between‐column repeatability has been testified with the RSDs of retention time of less than 1.51 and 5.29%, respectively. The aqueous extract of rhizoma gastrodiae was analyzed by the OT‐CEC system, and 23 peaks were eluted in 30 min. Compared with conventional open‐tubular capillary column, this new system shows faster separation speed and higher column efficiency from the larger surface area of nanoparticles. It has great potential in the method development for the analysis of complex samples, since magnetic coating can effectively prolong the column life by expediently replacing stationary phase to eliminate the pollution or irreversible adsorption.
Predicting physical equations of soil detachment by simulated concentrated flow in Ultisols (subtropical China)
Authors: Wang Jun‐guang , Li Zhao‐xia , Cai Chong‐fa , Yang Wei , Ma Ren‐ming , Zhang Guo‐biao 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTSoil detachment in concentrated flow is due to the dislodging of soil particles from the soil matrix by surface runoff. Both aggregate stability and shear strength of the topsoil reflect the erosion resistance of soil to concentrated runoff, and are important input parameters in predicting soil detachment models. This study was conducted to develop a formula to predict soil detachment rate in concentrated flow by using the aggregate stability index (As), root density (Rd) and saturated soil strength (σs) in the subtropical Ultisols region of China. The detachment rates of undisturbed topsoil samples collected from eight cultivated soil plots were measured in a 3.8 m long, 0.2 m wide hydraulic flume under five different flow shear stresses (τ = 4.54, 9.38, 15.01, 17.49 and 22.54 Pa). The results indicated that the stability index (As) was well related with soil detachment rate, particularly for results obtained with high flow shear stress (22.54 Pa), and the stability index (As) has a good linear relationship with concentrated flow erodibility factors (Kc). There was a positive linear relationship between saturated soil strength (σs) and critical flow shear stress (τc) for different soils. A significant negative exponential relationship between erodibility factors (Kc) and root density (Rd) was detected. This study yielded two prediction equations that allowed comparison of their efficiency in assessing soil detachment rate in concentrated flow. The equation including the root density (Rd) may have a better correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.95). It was concluded that the formula based on the stability index (As), saturated soil strength (σs) and root density (Rd) has the potential to improve methodology for assessing soil detachment rate in concentrated flow for the subtropical Chinese Ultisols. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heun und Hamel – Repräsentanten der Mechanik um 1900
Authors: Bremer Hartmut 
Published: December 2011

AbstractZu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts, zu einer Zeit, in der die klassische Mechanik längst als abgeschlossen propagiert wurde, treten Karl Heun und Georg Hamel auf den Plan. Ihnen ist wesentlich der weitere Ausbau der analytischen Mechanik mit zu verdanken, insbesondere im Neuland der nichtholonomen Systeme (Hamelsche Gleichungen, heute meist Hamel‐Boltzmann‐Gleichungen genannt). Es wird gezeigt, welche Auswirkungen ihre Forschertätigkeit auf das zwanzigste Jahrhundert, ja, bis heute hat (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical and isotopic methods for management of artificial recharge in Mazraha Station (Damascus Basin, Syria)
Authors: Zakhem Boulos Abou , Hafez Rania 
Published: December 2011

AbstractArtificially enhancing recharge rate into groundwater aquifer at specially designed facilities is an attractive option for increasing the storage capacity of potable water in arid and semi‐arid region such as Damascus basin (Syria). Two dug wells (I and II) for water injection and 24 wells for water extraction are available in Mazraha station for artificial recharge experiment. Chemical and stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) were used to evaluate artificial recharge efficiency. 400 to 500*103 m3 of spring water were injected annually into the ambient shallow groundwater in Mazraha station, which is used later for drinking purpose. Ambient groundwater and injected spring water are calcium bicarbonate type with EC about 880 ± 60 μS/cm and 300 ± 50 μS/cm, respectively. The injected water is under saturated versus calcite and the ambient groundwater is over saturated, while the recovered water is near equilibrium. It was observed that the injection process formed a chemical dilution plume that improves the groundwater quality. Results demonstrate that the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is estimated around 6.8*10−4 m/s. The effective diameter of artificial recharge is limited to about 250 m from the injection wells. Mixing rate of 30% is required in order to reduce nitrate concentration below 50 mg/l which is considered the maximum concentration limit for potable water. Deuterium and oxygen‐18 relationship demonstrates that mixing line between injected water and ambient groundwater has a slope of 6.1. Oxygen‐18 and Cl− plot indicates that groundwater salinity origin is from mixing process, and no dissolution and evaporation were observed. These results demonstrate the efficiency of the artificial recharge experiments to restore groundwater storage capacity and to improve the water quality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycated hemoglobin and cancer incidence and mortality in the Atherosclerosis in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1990–2006
Authors: Joshu Corinne E. , Prizment Anna E. , Dluzniewski Paul J. , Menke Andy , Folsom Aaron R. , Coresh Josef , Yeh Hsin C. , Brancati Frederick L. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDiabetes is a risk factor for many cancers; chronic hyperglycemia is hypothesized to be, in part, explanatory. We evaluated the association between glycated hemoglobin, a time‐integrated glycemia measure, and cancer incidence and mortality in nondiabetic and diabetic men and women. We conducted a prospective study of 12,792 cancer‐free participants attending the second visit (1990–1992) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We measured glycated hemoglobin in whole‐blood samples using HPLC. Incident cancers were ascertained from registries and hospital records through 2006. We estimated multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of cancer incidence and mortality for nondiabetic participants with values ≥5.7% (elevated), nondiabetic participants with <5.0% (low) and diabetic participants all compared with nondiabetic participants with 5.0–5.6% (normal). We ascertained 2,349 incident cancer cases and 887 cancer deaths. Compared with nondiabetic women with normal glycated hemoglobin, nondiabetic women with elevated values had an increased risk of cancer incidence (HR:1.24; 95% CI:1.07,1.44) and mortality (HR:1.58; 95% CI:1.23,2.05) as did diabetic women (incidence, HR:1.30; 95% CI:1.06,1.60, mortality, HR:1.96; 95% CI:1.40,2.76). Nondiabetic women with low values also had increased risk. Diabetic women with good glycemic control (<7.0%) had a lower cancer risk than those with higher values. Glycated hemoglobin in nondiabetic and diabetic men, and diabetes were not statistically significantly associated with total cancer risk. Our findings support the hypothesis that chronic hyperglycemia, even in the nondiabetic range, increases cancer risk in women. Maintaining normal glycated hemoglobin overall, and good glycemic control among diabetic adults, may reduce the burden of cancer, especially in women.
Quantifying Photoinitiation Efficiencies in a Multiphotoinitiated Free‐Radical Polymerization
Authors: Voll Dominik , Hufendiek Andrea , Junkers Tanja , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOnline size exclusion chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (SEC/ESI–MS) is employed for quantifying the overall initiation efficiencies of photolytically generated radical fragments. In a unique experiment, we present the first quantitative and systematic study of methyl‐substituted acetophenone‐type photoinitiators being employed in a single cocktail to initiate the free‐radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in bulk. The photoinitiators are constituted of a set of two known and four new molecules, which represent an increasing number of methyl substituents on their benzoyl fragment, that is, benzoin, 4‐methylbenzoin, 2,4‐dimethylbenzoin, 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoin, 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylbenzoin, and 2,3,4,5,6‐pentamethylbenzoin. The absolute quantitative evaluation of the mass spectra shows a clear difference in the initiation ability of the differently substituted benzoyl‐type radical fragments: Increasing the number of methyl substituents leads to a decrease in incorporation of the radical fragments.
A note on stable perturbations of Moore–Penrose inverses
Authors: Li Zhao , Xu Qingxiang , Wei Yimin 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYPerturbation bounds for Moore–Penrose inverses of rectangular matrices play a significant role in the perturbation analysis for linear least squares problems. In this note, we derive a sharp upper bound for Moore–Penrose inverses, which is better than a well known existing one. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early impact of smoking on lung function, health, and well‐being in adolescents
Authors: Rosewich Martin , Schulze Johannes , Eickmeier Olaf , Adler Susanne , Rose Markus A. , Schubert Ralf , Zielen Stefan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is the single most important risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and more than 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 20. The aim of our study was to evaluate the early impact of smoking on lung function, health, and well‐being in adolescents.MethodsTwenty‐four non‐smokers (10 male, 14 female, mean age 17.6 years) and 24 smokers (mean of 3.5 pack‐years; 15 male, 9 female, mean age 17.8 years) were compared in terms of lung function, bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), levels of exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), and blood counts. A questionnaire containing items from the ISAAC study was used to detect differences in health and well‐being.ResultsThere were no significant differences in lung function values between non‐smokers and smokers (VC 95% vs. 103%, FEV1 106% vs. 116%, FEV1%/VC MAX 94.6% vs. 95.2%), whereas BHR significantly differed (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were found for eCO, eNO, Hb, leukocytes, and neutrophils. Health and well‐being in terms of sleep and physical activity were significantly worse in smokers.ConclusionOur results suggest an early impact of smoking on health after as few as 3.5 pack‐years. Early signs of smoking are an increase in BHR, changes in blood count and a decrease of eNO even before changes in lung function become apparent. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:692–699. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship of adherence determinants and parental spirituality in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Grossoehme Daniel H. , Opipari‐Arrigan Lisa , VanDyke Rhonda , Thurmond Sophia , Seid Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe course of cystic fibrosis (CF) progression in children is affected by parent adherence to treatment plans. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) posits that intentions are the best behavioral predictors and that intentions reasonably follow from beliefs (“determinants”). Determinants are affected by multiple “background factors,” including spirituality. This study's purpose was to understand whether two parental adherence determinants (attitude towards treatment and self‐efficacy) were associated with spirituality (religious coping and sanctification of the body). We hypothesized that parents' attitudes toward treatment adherence are associated with these spiritual constructs. A convenience sample of parents of children with CF aged 3–12 years (n = 28) participated by completing surveys of adherence and spirituality during a regular outpatient clinic visit. Type and degree of religious coping was examined using principal component analysis. Adherence measures were compared based on religious coping styles and sanctification of the body using unpaired t‐tests. Collaborative religious coping was associated with higher self‐efficacy for completing airway clearance (M = 1070.8; SD = 35.8; P = 0.012), for completing aerosolized medication administration (M = 1077.1; SD = 37.4; P = 0.018), and for attitude towards treatment utility (M = 38.8; SD = 2.36; P = 0.038). Parents who attributed sacred qualities to their child's body (e.g., “blessed” or “miraculous”) had higher mean scores for self‐efficacy (airway clearance, M = 1058.6; SD = 37.7; P = 0.023; aerosols M = 1070.8; SD = 41.6; P = 0.020). Parents for whom God was manifested in their child's body (e.g., “My child's body is created in God's image”) had higher mean scores for self‐efficacy for airway clearance (M = 1056.4; SD = 59.0; P = 0.039), aerosolized medications (M = 1068.8; SD = 42.6; P = 0.033) and treatment utility (M = 38.8; SD = 2.4; P = 0.025). Spiritual constructs show promising significance and are currently undervalued in chronic disease management. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:558–566. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulsed laser deposition from a pre‐synthesized Cr2AlC MAX phase target with and without ion‐beam assistance
Authors: Lange C. , Hopfeld M. , Wilke M. , Schawohl J. , Kups Th. , Barsoum M. W. , Schaaf P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPulsed laser deposition (PLD) employing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to grow thin films from a pre‐synthesized Cr2AlC MAX phase ablation target onto MgO(100), amorphous SiO2 and stainless steel substrates. The depositions were carried out for substrate temperatures from room temperature to 650 °C. For one set of samples, a 200 eV argon ion‐beam was directed towards the substrate during deposition, while an otherwise identical control set was deposited without such an ion‐beam. The composition, structure and properties of the films were investigated by glow‐discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) for film thickness and composition, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for the phase analysis and electron microscopy for the microstructure of the films. Furthermore, electrical conductivity and hardness of the films was measured. Depending on the deposition temperature, either amorphous films or the formation of Cr7C3 and Cr2Al inside amorphous parts was observed. In all cases, the film composition did not represent the original stoichiometric composition of the target. Instead, a loss of especially aluminium and carbon was observed. The ion‐beam has several interesting effects on film thickness and composition, concentration gradients in the films and on conductivity and hardness. So far, no clear model can be presented, which can summarize these effects.
On the theory of indirect exchange in EuO
Authors: Burg Shmuel , Stukalov Vladimir , Kogan Eugene 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe present the calculations of the Curie temperature and magnetization of doped EuO both in the absence and in the presence of external magnetic field. The calculations were performed both for the free electrons model and for the model with finite electron bandwidth. Both models give similar results for the magnetization, close to Brillouin function.
IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS IN COMPLEX WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS – CASE STUDY: THE DUERO RIVER BASIN, SPAIN
Authors: Paredes‐Arquiola J. , Martinez‐Capel F. , Solera A. , Aguilella V. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTEuropean river basin authorities are responsible for the implementation of the new river basin management plans in accordance with the European Water Framework Directive. This paper presents a new methodology framework and approach to define and evaluate environmental flow regimes in the realistic complexities that exist with multiple water resource needs at a basin scale. This approach links river basin simulation models and habitat time series analysis to generate ranges of environmental flows (e‐flows), which are evaluated by using habitat, hydropower production and reliability of water supply criteria to produce best possible alternatives.With the use of these tools, the effects of the proposed e‐flows have been assessed to help in the consultation process. The possible effects analysed are impacts on water supply reliability, hydropower production and aquatic habitat. After public agreements, a heuristic optimization process was applied to maximize e‐flows and habitat indicators, while maintaining a legal level of reliability for water resource demands. The final optimal e‐flows were considered for the river basin management plans of the Duero river basin.This paper demonstrates the importance of considering quantitative hydrologic and ecological aspects of e‐flows at the basin scale in addressing complex water resource systems. This approach merges standard methods such as physical habitat simulations and time series analyses for evaluating alternatives, with recent methods to simulate and optimize water management alternatives in river networks. It can be integrated with or used to complement other frameworks for e‐flow assessments such as the In‐stream Flow Incremental Methodology and Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Females experience a more severe disease course in batten disease
Authors: Cialone Jennifer , Adams Heather , Augustine Erika F. , Marshall Frederick J. , Kwon Jennifer M. , Newhouse Nicole , Vierhile Amy , Levy Erika , Dure Leon S. , Rose Katherine R. , Ramirez‐Montealegre Denia , de Blieck Elisabeth A. , Mink Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractJuvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL; CLN3 disease; Batten disease) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease of childhood. Symptoms typically present at school age with vision loss followed by progressive cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, seizures, and behavior problems. Studies on sex differences in JNCL have yielded mixed results, but parent anecdotes suggest that females experience a more precipitous disease course. Therefore, we sought to determine if sex‐based differences exist in JNCL. We used data from the Unified Batten Disease Rating Scale (UBDRS), the Batten Disease Support and Research Association (BDSRA) database, and the PedsQL quality of life (QoL) survey to evaluate sex‐based differences in functional independence and time from symptom onset to death. On average, females had JNCL symptom onset one year later and death one year earlier than did males. Despite a later age at onset, females had lower functional capability, earlier loss of independent function, and lower physical QoL. Future research in sex differences in JNCL may help to further understand the biological mechanisms underpinning the disease course and may point to targeted therapies.