bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiopurine metabolism monitoring: implications in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Dewit Olivier , Starkel Peter , Roblin Xavier 
Published: July 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (11): 1037–1047AbstractBackground  Thiopurines (TP) are widely used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Side effects and inefficacy are a major concern as they lead to withdrawal of the drug.Materials and Methods  Tools investigating TP metabolism are useful to avoid inadequate cessation of TP therapy.Results  TP metabolism is complex and many enzymes are involved. Among them, Thiopurine methyl transferase is the only one routinely measured by pheno‐ or genotyping. A decreased TPMT activity results in a potential overdosing of TP drugs leading to myelotoxicity, whereas an ultra‐high activity leads to TP ineffectiveness and overproduction of methylated compounds responsible for hepatotoxicity. TPMT determination prior to TP treatment results in an individual adapted dose. Xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase (XOD), inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) and glutathion‐S‐transferase (GST) are other promising enzyme targets that might help to explain TP efficacy or toxicity. ITPA and GST polymorphisms might potentially be related to some TP side effects, while a XOD inhibition by allopurinol could avoid TP‐related hepatotoxicity.Conclusions  Utilization of thiopurine metabolites, 6‐thioguanine nucleotides and 6‐methylmercaptopurine, is discussed, specifically, in case of thiopurine failure and recommendations are given about their interpretation and potential dose optimization. These enzymes and metabolites tests are complementary to the regular monitoring of blood cells count and liver tests which remains mandatory.
Apatite‐forming ability (bioactivity) of ProRoot MTA
Authors: Gandolfi M. G. , Taddei P. , Tinti A. , Prati C. 
Published: July 2010

Gandolfi MG, Taddei P, Tinti A, Prati C. Apatite‐forming ability (bioactivity) of ProRoot MTA. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 917–929, 2010.AbstractAim  Apatite‐forming ability, considered as an index of bioactivity (bond‐to‐bone ability), was tested on ProRoot MTA cement after immersion in phosphate‐containing solution (DPBS).Methodology  Disk samples were prepared and immersed in DPBS for 10 min, 5 h, 1 and 7 days. The cement surface was studied by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, by micro‐Raman spectroscopy and by environmental scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X‐ray (ESEM‐EDX) analyses. The pH of the storage solution was also investigated.Results  Spectroscopic analyses revealed calcium phosphate bands after 5‐h immersion in DPBS. After 1 day, an even coating composed of apatite spherulites (0.1–0.8 micron diameter) was observed by ESEM/EDX. After 7 days, its thickness had increased. Apatite nucleation had already occurred after 5‐h immersion. At this time, the presence of portlandite (i.e. Ca(OH)2, calcium hydroxide) on the cement surface was also observed; at longer times, this component was released into the medium, which underwent a remarkable pH increase.Conclusions  The study confirms the ability of ProRoot MTA to form a superficial layer of apatite within hours. The excellent bioactivity of ProRoot MTA might provide a significant clinical advantage over the traditional cements used for root‐end or root‐perforation repair.
Cytotoxicity of dentine bonding agents on human pulp cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels
Authors: Huang F.‐M. , Li Y.‐C. , Lee S.‐S. , Chang Y.‐C. 
Published: July 2010

Huang F‐M, Li Y‐C, Lee S‐S, Chang Y‐C. Cytotoxicity of dentine bonding agents on human pulp cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels. International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim  To evaluate ex vivo the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of dentine bonding agents in human pulp cells in vitro.Methodology  Human pulp cells were obtained from impacted third molars with informed consent and then cultured using an explant technique. Set specimens from Clearfil SE Bond (CB), Prime & Bond 2.1 (PB), and Single Bond (SB) were eluted with culture medium. Cytotoxicity was judged using an assay of tetrazolium bromide reduction. To determine whether glutathione (GSH) levels were important in the cytotoxicity of dentine bonding agents, cells were pretreated with 2‐oxothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (OTZ) to boost GSH levels or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete GSH. Three replicates of each dentine bonding agents were performed in each test. All assays were repeated three times to ensure reproducibility. Statistical analysis was by one‐way analysis of variance (anova). Tests of differences of the treatments were analysed by Duncan’s test.Results  Clearfil SE Bond, PB, and SB were cytotoxic to pulp cells in a concentration‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). The cytotoxicity was upregulated by dentine bonding agents in the following order: PB > SB > CB. Addition of OTZ extracellularly protected the pulp cells from dentine bonding agents–induced cytotoxicity (P < 0.05). Addition of BSO enhanced pulp cell death on dentine bonding agents–induced cytotoxicity (P < 0.05).Conclusions  Dentine bonding agents have significant potential for pulpal toxicity. GSH depletion could be the mechanism for dentine bonding agents–induced cytotoxicity.
Does size matter? An investigation of habitat use across a carnivore assemblage in the Serengeti, Tanzania
Authors: Durant Sarah M. , Craft Meggan E. , Foley Charles , Hampson Katie , Lobora Alex L. , Msuha Maurus , Eblate Ernest , Bukombe John , Mchetto John , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. This study utilizes a unique data set covering over 19 000 georeferenced records of species presence collected between 1993 and 2008, to explore the distribution and habitat selectivity of an assemblage of 26 carnivore species in the Serengeti–Ngorongoro landscape in northern Tanzania.2. Two species, the large‐spotted genet and the bushy‐tailed mongoose, were documented for the first time within this landscape. Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) was used to examine habitat selectivity for 18 of the 26 carnivore species for which there is sufficient data. Eleven ecogeographical variables (EGVs), such as altitude and habitat type, were used for these analyses.3. The ENFA demonstrated that species differed in their habitat selectivity, and supported the limited ecological information already available for these species, such as the golden jackals’ preference for grassland and the leopards’ preference for river valleys.4. Two aggregate scores, marginality and tolerance, are generated by the ENFA, and describe each species’ habitat selectivity in relation to the suite of EGVs. These scores were used to test the hypothesis that smaller species are expected to be more selective than larger species [Science, 1989,243, 1145]. Two predictions were tested: Marginality should decrease with body mass; and tolerance should increase with body mass. Our study provided no evidence for either prediction.5. Our results not only support previous analyses of carnivore diet breadth, but also represent a novel approach to the investigation of habitat selection across species assemblages. Our method provides a powerful tool to explore similar questions in other systems and for other taxa.
Predator identity and the nature and strength of food web interactions
Authors: Henry Lee M. , Bannerman Jordan A. , Gillespie David R. , Roitberg Bernard D. 
Published: July 2010

Summary 1. Most trophic interaction theory assumes that all predators are an abstract form of risk to which prey respond in a quantitatively similar manner. This conceptualization can be problematic because recent empirical work demonstrates that variation in the responses of prey to different predators can play a key role in structuring communities and regulating ecosystem function. 2. Predator identity – the species specific response of prey to a predator – has been proposed as an ultimate mechanism driving the relative contribution of indirect effects in food webs; however few studies have explicitly tested this hypothesis. 3. This study explores the impact of predator identity on direct consumptive (CE) and non‐consumptive effects (NCEs), and on the relative contribution of indirect, density and trait‐mediated effects in trophic cascades within host‐parasitoid communities. 4. We systematically compared the individual, host‐parasitoid‐plant interactions of two actively foraging parasitoid species with disparate foraging styles, one aggressive and one furtive, a common aphid host and plant. Our results demonstrate that the degree of risk aversion by prey to each particular predator species (i.e. predator identity) is a key factor driving the nature and strength of direct and indirect transmission pathways. 5. Both parasitoid species, in general, had a negative impact on plants. The magnitude of the aphid anti‐predator dispersal response was positively correlated with plant infestation and plant damage. The qualitative effect of predator‐induced infestation of new plants superseded the quantitative effects of predator‐mediated reductions in aphid numbers. 6. The greatest indirect impact on plants was generated by the aggressively foraging parasitoid, and the strength of the aphids anti‐predator response (a NCE) antagonistically traded‐off with CEs due to an increased investment in attempting to capture risk‐sensitized prey. In contrast, the furtive parasitoid did not elicit a strong anti‐predator response, had little indirect impact on plants, but generated very high CEs due to the advantage of ovipositing into a sedentary prey population. 7. Our data suggest the responses of prey to different predatory cues may be an important mechanism driving the relative contribution of transmission pathways in trophic cascades. We conclude that predator identity is a key factor influencing the nature and strength of food web interactions.
Food supplementation leads to bottom‐up and top‐down food–host–parasite interactions
Authors: Zanette Liana , Clinchy Michael 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. Food–prey–predator interactions may involve both ‘bottom‐up’ and ‘top‐down’ processes. Conventionally, food–host–parasite interactions have been seen as governed solely from the ‘bottom‐up’, i.e. well‐fed hosts can better resist parasites and so suffer less parasitism. Recent studies on diverse endo‐ and ecto‐parasites increasingly highlight that well‐fed hosts provide parasites with a better resource base, and so may be more likely to be parasitized.2. Brood parasites exploit host parental behaviour by laying their eggs in others’ nests. The brown‐headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) is a North American brood parasite that exploits over 100 host species.3. We conducted a food addition experiment on song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), a frequently parasitized cowbird host, near Victoria, BC, Canada. We expected results consistent with conventional ‘bottom‐up’ effects because we previously found that food supplemented sparrows better eluded nest predation, and we thus also expected them to be better at eluding cowbird parasitism.4. Here, we report results to the contrary. Food supplemented sparrows were parasitized as often as non‐food supplemented sparrows, were multiply parasitized significantly more often, and suffered significantly more parasitism‐induced egg loss. Our results suggest cowbirds preferentially parasitized better fed hosts and cowbirds benefited from doing so as food supplemented sparrows fledged significantly more cowbird young per multiply parasitized nest. The pattern of egg loss also accorded with recent evidence indicating that cowbirds may remove just the right number of host eggs to maximize provisioning of the cowbird nestling.5. Our work suggests that brood parasitism in vertebrates involves both ‘top‐down’ and ‘bottom‐up’ processes consistent with the growing number of studies showing that food–host–parasite interactions are more complex than previously thought. One of the conservation implications of our results is that greater food availability may not provide hosts a respite from brood parasitism, but is, nonetheless, beneficial overall.
Determination and kinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method
Authors: DANYI S. , WIDART J. , DOUNY C. , DANG P. K. , BAIWIR D. , WANG N. , TU H. T. , TUNG V. T. , PHUONG N.‐T. , KESTEMONT P. , SCIPPO M.‐L. 
Published: July 2010

Danyi, S., Widart, J., Douny, C., Dang, P.K., Baiwir, D., Wang, N., Tu, H.T., Tung, V.T., Phuong, N.‐T., Kestemont, P., Scippo, M.‐L. Determination and kinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34, 142–152.The fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin (EF) and ciprofloxacin (CF) residues were investigated in the edible tissues of two important Asian aquacultured species such as Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a sensitive liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry method. Fish and prawn were treated with medicated feed with multiple doses of EF, in field conditions. A validation study of the analytical method was realized in terms of linearity, specificity, precision (repeatability and within‐laboratory reproducibility), recovery and decision limit (CCα). The time needed before the antibiotic disappears from animal tissues or reach the maximum residue limit (MRL, 100 μg/kg) was assessed. The concentration values of EF detected in Tra catfish tissue were between the MRL and 2 × MRL concentrations, according to the fish density, 7 days following the end of the enrofloxacin treatment (20 mg/kg body weight per day, for seven consecutive days). The concentration value of ER in prawn tissue was lower than the MRL and the limit of quantification (LOQ, 14 μg/kg) 5 and 7 days after the stop of the EF treatment (50 mg/kg body weight per day, for five consecutive days), respectively. The mean detected levels of CF was much lower in comparison with that of EF, indicating that only a small part of EF is metabolized into CF (<5%) in both Tra catfish and prawn.
Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in piglets: the significance of neonatal age
Authors: FOSSE T. K. , HORSBERG T. E. , HAGA H. A. , HORMAZABAL V. , RANHEIM B. 
Published: July 2010

Fosse, T.K., Horsberg, T.E., Haga, H.A., Hormazabal, V., Ranheim, B. Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in piglets: the significance of neonatal age.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 153–159.Following intravenous dose of 6 mg/kg racemic ketoprofen, the chiral pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen was investigated in eight piglets aged 6 and 21 days old. S‐ketoprofen predominated over R‐ketoprofen in plasma of the piglets in both age groups. The volumes of distribution of S‐ketoprofen for the 6‐ and 21‐day‐old piglets were 241.7 (211.3–276.5) mL/kg and 155.0 (138.7–173.1) mL/kg, respectively, while the corresponding parameters for R‐ketoprofen were 289.2 (250.3–334.2) mL/kg and 193.0 (168.7–220.8) mL/kg. The clearances of R‐ketoprofen [948.4 (768.0–1171.2) mL/h/kg and 425 (319.1–566.0) mL/h/kg for the 6‐ and 21‐day‐old piglets, respectively] were significantly higher compared to the clearances of S‐ketoprofen [57.3 (46.6–70.4) mL/h/kg and 33.8 (27.0–42.2) mL/h/kg for 6‐ and 21‐day‐old piglets, respectively]. The elimination half‐life of S‐ketoprofen was 3.4 h for both age groups, while the elimination half‐life of R‐ketoprofen was 0.2 h for the 6‐day‐old and 0.4 h for the 21‐day‐old piglets. The clearances of both R‐ and S‐ketoprofen were significantly higher in the 6‐day‐old piglets compared to when they were 21 days old. Furthermore, the volumes of distribution were larger in the youngest age group.
Penetration of oxytetracycline into the nasal secretions and relationship between nasal secretions and plasma oxytetracycline concentrations after oral and intramuscular administration in healthy pigs
Authors: BIMAZUBUTE M. , CAMBIER C. , BAERT K. , VANBELLE S. , CHIAP P. , GUSTIN P. 
Published: July 2010

Bimazubute, M., Cambier, C., Baert, K., Vanbelle, S., Chiap, P., Gustin, P. Penetration of oxytetracycline into the nasal secretions and relationship between nasal secretions and plasma oxytetracycline concentrations after oral and intramuscular administration in healthy pigs.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 176–183.The penetration of oxytetracycline (OTC) in plasma and nasal secretions of healthy pigs was evaluated during the first study, in response to oral dose of 20 mg of OTC per kg of body weight (bwt) per day as a 400 mg/kg feed medication (n = 5) and to intramuscular (i.m.)‐administered formulations at 10 mg/kg bwt (n = 5), 20 mg/kg bwt (n = 5), 40 mg/kg bwt (n = 5). Concentrations of OTC in plasma and nasal secretions were determined by a validated ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography associated to tandem mass spectrometry method (UPLC/MS/MS). The objectives were to select the efficacy treatment and to evaluate the possibility to predict nasal secretions concentrations from those determined in plasma. The animals were housed together in each experiment. In each group, the treatment was administered once daily during 6 consecutive days, and nasal secretions and plasma were collected after 4 and 24 h at day 2 and day 6. For oral administration, only one medicated feed was prepared and distributed to all the animals together and was consumed in approximately 1 h. To meet recommendations of efficacy for OTC in nasal secretions, only the i.m. of 40 mg/kg bwt associated to an inter‐dosing interval of 24 h provides and maintains concentrations in nasal secretions ≥1 μg/mL, appropriate to the MIC 50 and 90 ofPasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica, respectively, the main pathological strains in nasal secretions. It has been demonstrated that, using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), OTC in the nasal secretions (μg/mL) can be predicted taking into account the OTC concentrations in plasma (μg/mL), according to the following equation: OTCnasal secretions = 0.28 OTCplasma−1.49. In a second study, the pharmacokinetic behaviour of OTC in plasma and nasal secretions of healthy pigs was investigated, after single‐dose i.m. of 40 mg/kg bwt of the drug. Blood samples and nasal secretions were collected at predetermined times after drug administration. The data collected in 10 pigs for OTC were subjected to non‐compartmental analysis. In plasma, the maximum concentration of drug (Cmax), the time at which this maximum concentration of drug (Tmax) was reached, the elimination half‐life (t½) and the area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) were, respectively, 19.4 μg/mL, 4.0, 5.1 h and 150 μg·h/mL. In nasal secretions,Cmax,Tmax,t½ and AUC were, respectively, 6.29 μg/mL, 4.0, 6.6 h and 51.1 μg·h/mL.
Cyclosporine A: impact on mitochondrial function in endothelial cells
Authors: Illsinger Sabine , Janzen Nils , Lücke Thomas , Bednarczyk Jolanthe , Schmidt Karl‐Heinz , Hoy Ludwig , Sander Johannes , Das Anibh M. 
Published: July 2010

Illsinger S, Janzen N, Lücke T, Bednarczyk J, Schmidt K‐H, Hoy L, Sander J, Das AM. Cyclosporine A: impact on mitochondrial function in endothelial cells. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 584–593. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Introduction: Although cyclosporine A (CSA) is considered to be an efficient immunosuppressive compound in transplantation, vascular side effects like arterial hypertension, neurologic complications and other adverse reactions occur. Interference of CSA with mitochondrial function may be responsible for these side effects.Methods: We evaluated the effect of CSA on mitochondrial and glycolytic function by measuring fatty acid oxidation (FAO), activities of respiratory chain complexes (RC) and citratesynthase (CS), lactate/pyruvate‐ratios, energy‐rich phosphates as well as activities of some glycolytic enzymes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Results: After 48 h of CSA incubation, global FAO, RC‐complexes 1 + 3; 4 and 5 as well as CS were compromised while energy charges were not reduced. Lactate/pyruvate‐ratios increased; cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)‐, hexokinase‐ and phosphofructokinase‐activities were not impaired by CSA. Moderate cellular toxicity, assessed by LDH leakage, appeared only at the highest CSA concentration.Conclusion: Part of CSA toxicity may arise from alterations in mitochondrial function as judged by impaired FAO and respiratory chain enzymes. To some extent, energy balance seems to be maintained by cytosolic energy production. Although only demonstrated for endothelial cells, it is conceivable that such effects will alter energy metabolism of different organs with high oxidative energy demands.
Sensitization patterns to food and inhalant allergens in childhood: A comparison of non‐sensitized, monosensitized, and polysensitized children
Authors: Baatenburg de Jong Adriana , Dikkeschei Lambert D. , Brand Paul L. P. 
Published: July 2010

To cite this article: Baatenburg de Jong A, Dikkeschei LD, Brand PLP. Sensitization patterns to food and inhalant allergens in childhood: A comparison of non‐sensitized, monosensitized, and polysensitized children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 166–171.AbstractThe clinical interpretation of children sensitized to numerous allergens is challenging. We examined differences between children sensitized to zero, one, or more allergens. This was a retrospective analysis of all specific IgE tests in children 0–18 yrs of age sent to our laboratory by general practitioners and hospital‐based specialists for allergy testing between 1990 and 2003. Of all 9044 children tested, 5439 (60.1%) were not sensitized to any of the aeroallergens or food allergens tested. Three thousand six hundred and five children (39.9%) had one or more positive specific IgE tests, 1120 of which (31.1%) were monosensitized (73% to aeroallergens and 27% to food allergens), 1709 (47.4%) were sensitized to two to four allergens, and 776 (21.5%) to five or more allergens (polysensitization). Polysensitization was more common in children 4–11 yrs of age (24.8%) than in younger (18.7%) or older children (18.3%, p < 0.001), and more common in boys (9.8%) than in girls (7.3%, p < 0.001). Median total IgE values increased with increasing number of positive specific IgE tests (p < 0.001). House dust mite more commonly showed monosensitization (22.2%) than other aeroallergens (grass pollen 10.5%, tree pollen 3.6%, cat 2.9%, and dog 1.5%); cow’s milk (27.6%) more commonly than other food allergens (hen’s egg 9.7%, peanut 4.6%, wheat 0.8%, soy 0.7%). Between 55.7% (cow’s milk) and 87.9% (soy) of children sensitized to food were cosensitized to aeroallergens, while only 25.4% (house dust mite) to 39.5% (dog) of children sensitized to aeroallergens were cosensitized to food. Polysensitization is common in children, in particular in boys. It is most common in school‐aged children. The strong association with total serum IgE values and the striking cosensitization between biologically unrelated allergens suggest that polysensitization is the expression of a distinct clinical, more severe, atopic phenotype, and not of biologic cross‐reactivity to similar allergens.