bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Tillage Method and Incorporation on Trifluralin Carryover Injury1
Authors: Fink Rodney J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA Bolivia silt loam soil was spring plowed in 1969 and preplant treatments of trifluralin (a,a,a‐trifluoro‐2, 6‐dinitro‐N, N‐dipropyl‐P‐toluidine) were incorporated with a power rotary tiller operating 2.54 cm and 10.16 cm deep and with a disk‐harrow operating 7.62 cm and 15.24 cm deep and plante d to soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Soil samples were taken at three intervals following application at 0‐ to 5.08, 5.08‐ to 10.16; and 10.16‐ to 15.24‐cm layers of the soil profile. These soils were analyzed for trifluralin and were used for a plant bioassay using a sorghum‐sudan hybrid. The field plot area was divided into three sections with each section divided into a disked and a plowed area, and was planted to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Depth of incorporation did not affect total amount of trifluralin remaining II months after application but did affect concentrations at different intervals in the soil profile. Trifluralin carryover injury to corn, grain sorghum, and wheat occurred on field plots.
Crown‐freezing and Natural Survival Comparisons in Winter Wheat1
Authors: Warnes D. D. , Johnson V. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSurvival from artificial crown‐freezing and field nurseries was compared for 31 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. Both —8.9 C and —11.6 C crownfreezing temperatures were required to adequately differentiate all 31 wheat varieties into coldhardiness levels. Crown‐freezing survival percentages were lower at each later reading date following crown freezing. Delayed crown‐freezing survival readings correlated better with natural survival from the uniform regional nurseries than readings taken soon after the freezing cycle. The general level of correlations of crown‐freezing survival with natural survival was lower for winter wheat than previously presented by the authors for winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Contributing factors may have been the wide range of winterhardiness in winter wheat and inadequate locations of tests for differential natural survival. The crown‐freezing technique would enable the winter wheat plant breeder to evaluate material for cold‐hardiness every year instead of only those few isolated winters that produce differential natural field survival.
Nitrogen Fertilization and Clipping Effects on Green Needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.): I. Development, Growth, Yield, and Quality1
Authors: White Larry M. , Cooper Clee S. , Brown Jarvis H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMore information is needed about fertilization and management of green needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.) to increase its relative prevalence in the northern Great Plains. We applied N and imposed clipping treatments on green needlegrass to determine the effects of these treatments on the initiation and growth of tillers, and on the yield and quality of forage. Ammonium nitrate was broadcast at 0, 70, and 140 kg of N/ha in November 1968. The two clipping treatments were unclipped and clipped to a 5‐cm height five times during 1969 at approximately 21‐day intervals. Studies were conducted in 1969 and 1970 on a dryland site which normally receives 32.6 cm annual precipitation.In 1969 N increased dry matter yield, percentages of crude protein and P, but did not affect the rate of successive plant development. Residual N in 1970 increased dry matter yield, decreased percentage of P, and had no effect on the percentage of crude protein. Doubling the N fertilization rate had little effect on the plant factors measured.In 1969 clipping decreased dry matter yield, increased percentages of crude protein and P, and extended the plant growth period by 26 days. Clipping in 1969 reduced dry matter yield in 1970, but did not affect percentages of crude protein and P.There were 30% floral and 70% vegetative tillers on nonfertilized plots, and two‐thirds of the floral tillers present in July 1969 were initiated the previous autumn. Nitrogen fertilization increased the number of spring‐initiated tillers, which were 15% floral and 85% vegetative and matured 4 weeks later than autumn‐initiated tillers.
Effects of Soil‐injected Ethylene on Yields of Cotton and Sorghum1
Authors: Freytag A. H. , Wendt C. W. , Lira E. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVirtually no results have been reported on the use of ethylene in the root zones of intact plants. This report is unique because of the increase of yield on cotton and sorghum through the use of soil‐injected ethylene.For two consecutive years ethylene was applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as a soil treatment at 1.59 and 3.14 kg/ha, at three different stages of plant development and in three soil moisture tension regimes (0 to 30, 0 to 50 and 0 to 70 centibars). In the first study (1970) yield was increased 25% by ethylene treatment in the 0‐ to 30‐centibar moisture regime. While in the 0‐ to 50‐centibar and 0‐ to 70‐centibar regimes the yields from the ethylene treated plots were higher than those of the untreated plots the differences were not statistically significant. In th second study (1971) lint cotton yield was significantly increased 12% in the 0‐ to 70‐centibar moisture regime. Micronaire and staple length were not significantly affected by the ethylene treatments in the 1970 or the 1971 study.In a similar study in 1970 on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.), ethylene was injected into the soil at a rate of 1.59 and 3.14 kg/ha at the 6 to 7‐ and 9‐ to 10‐leaf stages of growth. Although yields were higher in some cases, the differences were not significant at the 5% level of probability. The second study (1971) on sorghum gave a 13% significant yield increase when ethylene was injected into the soil at a rate of 1.59 kg/ha at the 6‐ to 7‐leaf stage.
Influence of Simazine on Yield and Quality Components of Reed Canarygrass1
Authors: Allinson D. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of the chloro‐substituted triazines as a tool for modifying plant growth has received increasing attention. The study reported herein evaluated the influence of 2‐chloro‐4,6‐bis(ethylamino)‐s‐triazine (simazine) as a growth regulator. In 1969 simazine was applied at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha in both split and single applications to reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) supplied with either 224 or 448 kg N/ha. Three harvests were taken. Single applications of simazine at rates of 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha significantly (P < 0.05) depressed dry matter yields; when applied in split applications, 0.56 kg/ha did not depress yields. Yields of crude protein were depressed by single applications of 1.12 kg/ha of simazine, while single applications of both 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha of simazine depressed yields of in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM). However, split applications of simazine at 1.12 kg/ha did not significantly affect yields of crude protein or IVDDM. Percent crude protein, alcohol‐insoluble N, NO3‐N, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were increased, while cell wall components were decreased by simazine application. The extent of these changes in composition varied with rate and method of simazine application. In 1970, simazine treatments of 0, 0.28 kg/ha applied as a single application, and 0.56 kg/ha applied ia split applications were made to reed canarygrass. Responses to simazine applications at these levels in 1970 were similar to those observed in 1969. The observed changes in composition suggest that the nutritive value of reed canarygrass was improved.
Effect of Soil pH on Element Concentration and Uptake by Maize: I. P, K, Mg, and Na1
Authors: Lutz J. A. , Genter C. F. , Hawkins G. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn understanding of soil‐plant relationships, plant nutrition, and fertilization requires a knowledge of the variability of the chemical composition and uptake of elements by plants. The availability of certain elements is related to soil pH and since many of the soils of the southeastern U. S. are acid, particularly in the subsoil, additional information is needed on the effects of soil pH on the growth, chemical composition, and uptake of elements by maize (Zea mays L.).Greenhouse experiments were conducted on Greendale silt loam to investigate the effects of three soil pH levels, 3.9, 5.1, and 6.1, on the yield and certain chemical characteristics of selected maize inbreds and single crosses. Adequate plant nutrients were applied to all pots and two rates of dolomitic limestone were applied to increase the pH. Plants were harvested 36 days after planting, dried, and later analyzed for P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na.Highly significant differences in yields; P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations; and uptake among maize entries were observed. Response of entries at different pH levels was not consistent for either uptake or concentration of P, K, Ca, or Mg. There were no significant differences in Na concentrations among entries or pH levels.
Fertilizer Rates on Sugarcane for Sirup Production
Authors: Freeman Kelly C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of experiments was conducted to compare fertilizer rates on yield and quality of two newer sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) varieties. Increasing rates (449, 673, 898, 1,122, and 1,346 kg/ha) of 5‐4.3‐13.4 (N‐P‐K) fertilizer applied to ‘C. P. 36‐111’ and ‘C. P. 52‐48’ sugarcane varieties increased yield of cane and generally decreased the Brix of the juice. When the standard rate (673 kg/ha) was doubled (1,346 kg/ha), an increase of only 159 liters of sirup/ha (20 gallons per acre) was obtained. Heavier rates of fertilizer encouraged continuous vegetative growth, resulting in increased tonnage of cane with a reduction of Brix in the stalk juice.
Protein Content of Rice Grain as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer and Some Triazines and Substituted Ureas1
Authors: De Datta S. K. , Obcemea W. N. , Jana R. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField experiments were conducted to determine whether varietal differences in protein content exist and to study the use of cultural practices — plant density, time of N application, and application of chemicals —for increasing protein content of rices (Oryza sativa L.).Results demonstrated that a high‐yielding improved line ‘IR480‐5‐9’ has high protein content in the grain. The protein content of brown rice of IR480‐5‐9 varied from 9.5 to 10.2% without application of N. The highest protein of ‘IR480,’ was about 12.5% while that of ‘IR8’ was 9.8%. In another experiment, the protein content of IR480 was 10.2%, while that of ‘IR22’ was 8.6%. Both rices had similar grain yields (7.8 metric tons/ha).In another experiment, the protein content of several rice cultivars was significantly higher when 150 kg/ha N was applied half at planting and half at heading than when all N was applied at planting.Simetryne [2,4‐bis (ethyl amino)‐6‐(methyl thio)‐S‐triazine], at 0.5 kg/ha active ingredient, applied either as granular or liquid formulation at panicle initiation or at heading stage of the rice crop, significantly increased the protein content and protein yield of IR22 compared with the fertilized control. Three chemicals, tenoran [N′‐4 (4‐chlorophenoxy) phenyl‐N,N‐dimethyl urea], CP 17029 [2,4 bis (3 methoxy‐propyl amino)‐6‐(methyl thio)‐Striazine], and benzomarc (N‐benzoyl‐N‐dichloro‐3,4‐phenyl N′‐N′‐dimethyl urea) also increased protein content of rice grain without significantly affecting grain yields and yield components.
Dry Land Research in Northwest India: I: Effect of Variable Pre‐Planting Tillage on Soil Moisture, Growth, and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides, S. and H.)1
Authors: Malik A. S. , Kumar Vijay , Moolani M. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFour preplanting tillage methods including turn plowing, chiseling, double disking — all followed by a light cultivation — and no tillage were tried on pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides, S. and H.) under dry land conditions. Turn plowing resulted in the highest infiltration rate and lowest bulk density values. In consequence, it showed maximum profile soil moisture throughout the growing period of the crop. Variation in soil moisture was more marked in the 60‐ to 90‐cm depth than the upper layers. Grain yield from turn plow plots was about 29% higher than that from the no tillage. Root growth was comparatively poor, but weed yield was more than double on the nontilled plots than on those that were turn plowed. Most of the plant and soil observations showed little difference between turn plowing and chiseling, while double disking was close to no tillage.
A Model for Estimating Desired Levels of Nitrate‐N Concentration in Cotton Petioles1
Authors: Grimes Donald W. , Dickens W. L. , Yamada H. , Miller R. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField studies were conducted on two widely different soils over a 3‐year period in a semiarid irrigated region to establish functional relations between responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants and the major production input factors: water, nitrogen, and plant density.The nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations of petioles from the most recently matured leaves were influenced by N‐fertilization level, time of sampling in the season, and water management. Plant population did not alter the nitrate‐N levels of petioles. High concentrations were associated with large amounts of N applied in side‐dress soil applications. On a fine‐textured soil with a high water‐retention capacity N side‐dressed after emergence was not taken up by the plant until the first irrigation was added.Concentrations of nitrate‐N in petioles at critical times in the season were characterized by a 2nd‐degree polynomial model having water and nitrogen quantities as independent variables (0.54≤2R≤0.94). A second model was subsequently developed that incorporated time as an independent variable in addition to water and nitrogen quantities. Using a yield equation and model 2, a procedure was developed that enables time‐dependent “desired” levels of plant nutrient concentrations to be established that are dependent on commodity price and production factor costs. This model is sensitive to changing price levels for commodity and/or production factors.
Blendability of Phenotypically Similar and Dissimilar Winter Barley Cultivars1
Authors: Palvakul Monope , Finkner Verne C. , Davis D. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe objectives of the reported research were to compare the performance of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.) and to determine if overcompensation would be associated with blends of similar or dissimilar phenotypes. The performance of 28 bi‐line blends, each in a 1:1 genotypic ratio, was compared with the performance of the eight component lines grown in monoculture. The eight component lines of winter barley were chosen to provide a gradient in the phenotypic expressions of heading date, plant height, grain yield, and awnness. Significant overcompensation or undercompensation for grain yield was not found in any combination of like or unlike phenotypes; however, several blends did show a trend for overcompensation. Nineteen of the 28 blends were higher yielding than the midcomponent. Eight of the blends had higher yields than the higher‐yielding component grown in monoculture. The 28 blends averaged 2% higher yields than the midcomponent. Grouping into small, intermediate, or large phenotypic differences did not result in groups exhibiting significant overcompensation or undercompensation. Phenotypic selection was not effective for identification of lines whose blends would exhibit overcompensation.
Gains and Ruminal pH, NH3 and VFA of Beef Steers Fed Molasses or Molasses‐Urea on Tall Fescue Pasture1
Authors: Hart Richard H. , Bond James , Rumsey T. S. , Carlson G. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMolasses or molasses + urea supplements were fed free‐choice to steers grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to determine the effects of supplemental energy and nitrogen on carrying capacity, animal gains, and rumen parameters. Carrying capacity, average daily gain, and gain per hectare were not increased by either supplement. Molasses alone depressed ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH3 concentrations, but molasses + urea increased ruminal NH3. Ruminal pH and the molar percentages of the different ruminal VFA's were not substantially affected by either supplement, except for a temporary increase in butyrate, and a slight depression in iso‐acids.
Effect of Phosphorus Nutrition and Soil pH on “Physiologic Spotting” of L8 Burley Tobacco1
Authors: Lowe R. H. , Bortner C. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe physiological spotting factor of the black shank resistant variety of burley tobacco, ‘L8,’ (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is related to phosphorus nutrition, and the disorder is accentuated by a low soil pH. This variety accumulated approximately the same amount of phosphorus as two other varieties (‘Burley 21’ and ‘Experimental 4’) with which it was compared but apparently has a malfunction in its phosphorus metabolizing system. Reciprocal grafts indicate that the disorder is associated with the aboveground portion of the plant. Raising either soil pH or soil phosphorus content partially eliminated the spotting. The spotting was completely eliminated, however, only when both soil phosphorus content and pH were high.
Producing Mature Plants from Embryos Excised from Dry Corn (Zea mays L.) Caryopses1
Authors: Amos F. B. , Wassom C. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEmbryos excised from dry corn (Zea mays L.) kernels were planted several ways to determine the best method of stand establishment. Embryos of 20 sources were (i) planted in peat pots, and seedlings were transplanted to the field while still in the pots; (ii) germinated in petridishes, transferred to peat pots with seedlings later transplanted to the field; (iii) planted directly in the field; (iv) planted directly in the field, surrounded by ground endosperm of other seeds from the same ear; and (v) whole kernels of the same sources were planted in the field as controls. Treatments (i) and (iii) were most successful, each producing about ½ as many mature plants as the control; (ii) and (iv) each produced about 1/5 as many mature plants as the control. Treatment (iii) produced faster, more vigorous growth than (i), while (ii) and (iv) were about equal to each other but considerably behind (i) and (iii) in speed and vigor of growth. All seedlings from excised embryos grew less rapidly and less vigorously than those from whole kernels.
Cutting Height Effects on the Competitive Ability of Annual Bluegrass (Poa Annua L)1
Authors: Bogart J. E. , Beard J. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnnual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) plants were grown in a mature Merion Kentucky bluegrass sod and in monostands to determine the optimum cutting height for annual bluegrass in terms of shoot competition. Shoot dry weight and tiller number measurements were made on annual bluegrass plants maintained at cutting heights of 1.25, 2.54, 3.75, 5.08, and 6.25 cm. Cutting height significantly influenced the shoot dry weight and tiller number of annual bluegrass with 2.54 cm being the optimum cutting height. In addition, mowing annual bluegrass at a height of 2.54 cm significantly increased the shoot density over both higher and lower cutting heights when grown in a monostand. The optimum cutting height for annual bluegrass in terms of shoot competition was 2.54 cm.
Coadministration of Gibberellin and Auxin‐Type Herbicides on Sugarcane
Authors: Yates R. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCombinations of gibberellic acid (GA) and 2‐methyl, 4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) were applied to the foliage of greenhouse‐grown sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum), as part of a program of screening potential ripening agents. GA induced the typical growth stimulation, lasting about 4 weeks in these trials. MCPA induced a transient growth stimulation (lasting only one week) followed by growth retardation. The coadministration of MCPA sharply curtailed the growth response to GA. Suitable combinations increased stem weights without reducing the concentration of total sugars, and induced “ripening” by causing the conversion of reducing‐sugars to sucrose. Such coadministration appears worthy of field‐testing under conditions which favor high levels of reducing‐sugars in the cane; in contrast to the probable effects of growth retardants, this mixture should not introduce any penalty of reduced weight of cane.
Tolerance of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) to Salt during Boot, Flowering, and Grain‐Filling Stages1
Authors: Kaddah M. T. , Lehman W. F. , Robinson F. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of soil salinity on rice (Oryza sativa L.) development at the boot, flowering, and grain‐filling stages was tested for three varieties transplanted in a greenhouse. The irrigation waters used had electrical conductivities of 1.4, 3.0, and 6.0 mmho/cm at 25 C. The last two irrigation waters were introduced at the three stages of development and used until harvest. Weights of grain and straw and lengths of plants and panicles did not differ significantly between the treatments, indicating that rice is not sensitive to salt after the boot stage.
Yield and Chemical Characteristics of Corn (Zea mays L.) Types1
Authors: Jellum M. D. , Cummins D. G. , Young C. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe severe southern corn leaf blight epiphytotic in 1970 caused by Race T of Helminthosporium maydis Nisikado and Miyake resulted in a seed shortage of adapted hybrids with disease resistance for planting in 1971. This shortage led to alternative choices for the use of seed of F2 generation of adapted hybrids, imported hybrids, cytoplasmic blend hybrids, and open‐pollinated varieties. Fifteen tests were conducted throughout Georgia to determine grain yield, silage yield, and chemical characteristics of these corn (Zea mays L.) types. Adapted hybrids produced the highest grain yields followed by blends with a high proportion of resistant plants, and then by the F2 generation types. The imported hybrids and the open‐pollinated variety were low in grain yields. Healthy plants in a mixed population of healthy and diseased plants did not yield more per plant than healthy plants in a pure stand. The rank of corn types for silage yields was similar to grain yields, but the differences were not as great. Dry matter digestibility of the grain did not differ among the corn types. The imported dent × flint hybrid and flint hybrids were higher in protein and oil than the other types. Fatty acid composition of oil was different among entries, but differences among corn types were not distinct. Growing conditions such as irrigation, planting dates, and locations had significant effects on certain chemical characters, but these effects were of little importance. These results should assist in better choices in the future, if a similar disease situation occurs.