bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the Oxford hip and knee scores and their relationship to early joint revision in the New Zealand Joint Registry
Authors: Rothwell A. G. , Hooper G. J. , Hobbs A. , Frampton C. M. 
Published: March 2010

We analysed data from the Oxford hip and knee questionnaires collected by the New Zealand Joint Registry at six months and five years after joint replacement, to determine if there was any relationship between the scores and the risk of early revision. Logistic regression of the six-month scores indicated that for every one-unit decrease in the Oxford score, the risk of revision within two years increased by 9.7% for total hip replacement (THR), 9.9% for total knee replacement (TKR) and 12.0% for unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR). Our findings showed that 70% of the revisions within two years for TKR and 67% for THR and UKR would have been captured by monitoring the lowest 22%, 28% and 28%, respectively, of the Oxford scores. When analysed using the Kalairajah classification a score of < 27 (poor) was associated with a risk of revision within two years of 7.6% for THR, 7.0% for TKR and 24.3% for UKR, compared with risks of 0.7%, 0.7% and 1.8%, respectively, for scores > 34 (good or excellent). Our study confirms that the Oxford hip and knee scores at six months are useful predictors of early revision after THR and TKR and we recommend their use for the monitoring of the outcome and potential failure in these patients.
Mid-term survivorship analysis of a shoulder replacement with a keeled glenoid and a modern cementing technique
Authors: Kasten P. , Pape G. , Raiss P. , Bruckner T. , Rickert M. , Zeifang F. , Loew M. 
Published: March 2010

We have investigated the mid-term outcome of total shoulder replacement using a keeled cemented glenoid component and a modern cementing technique with regard to the causes of failure and loosening of the components. Between 1997 and 2003 we performed 96 total shoulder replacements on 88 patients, 24 men and 64 women with a mean age of 69.7 years (31 to 82). The minimum follow-up was five years and at the time of review 87 shoulders (77 patients) were examined at a mean follow-up of 89.1 months (60 to 127). Cumulative survival curves were generated with re-operations (accomplished and planned), survivorship of the proshesis, loosening of the glenoid (defined as tilt > 5° or subsidence > 5 mm), the presence of radiolucent lines and a Constant score of < 30 as the endpoints. There were two re-operations not involving revision of the implants and the survival rate of the prosthesis was 100.0% for the follow-up period, with an absolute Constant score of > 30 as the endpoint the survival rate was 98%. Radiological glenoid loosening was 9% after five years, and 33% after nine years. There was an incidence of 8% of radiolucent lines in more than three of six zones in the immediate post-operative period, of 37.0% after the first year which increased to 87.0% after nine years. There was no correlation between the score of Boileau and the total Constant score at the latest follow-up, but there was correlation between glenoid loosening and pain (p = 0.001). We found that total shoulder replacement had an excellent mid-term survivorship and clinical outcome. The surgical and cementing techniques were related to the decrease in radiolucent lines around the glenoid compared with earlier studies. One concern, however, was the fact that radiolucent lines increased over time and there was a rate of glenoid loosening of 9% after five years and 33% after nine years. This suggests that the design of the glenoid component, and the implantation and cementing techniques may need further improvement.
Tendinopathy and tears of the rotator cuff are associated with hypoxia and apoptosis
Authors: Benson R. T. , McDonnell S. M. , Knowles H. J. , Rees J. L. , Carr A. J. , Hulley P. A. 
Published: March 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of tissue hypoxia and apoptosis at different stages of tendinopathy and tears of the rotator cuff. We studied tissue from 24 patients with eight graded stages of either impingement (mild, moderate and severe) or tears of the rotator cuff (partial, small, medium, large and massive) and three controls. Biopsies were analysed using three immunohistochemical techniques, namely antibodies against HIF-1α (a transcription factor produced in a hypoxic environment), BNip3 (a HIF-1α regulated pro-apoptotic protein) and TUNEL (detecting DNA fragmentation in apoptosis). The HIF-1α expression was greatest in mild impingement and in partial, small, medium and large tears. BNip3 expression increased significantly in partial, small, medium and large tears but was reduced in massive tears. Apoptosis was increased in small, medium, large and massive tears but not in partial tears. These findings reveal evidence of hypoxic damage throughout the spectrum of pathology of the rotator cuff which may contribute to loss of cells by apoptosis. This provides a novel insight into the causes of degeneration of the rotator cuff and highlights possible options for treatment.
The implications of damage to the lateral femoral condyle on medial unicompartmental knee replacement
Authors: Kendrick B. J. L. , Rout R. , Bottomley N. J. , Pandit H. , Gill H. S. , Price A. J. , Dodd C. A. F. , Murray D. W. 
Published: March 2010

With medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis (OA) there is occasionally a full-thickness ulcer of the cartilage on the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle. It is not clear whether this should be considered a contraindication to unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR). The aim of this study was to determine why these ulcers occur, and whether they compromise the outcome of UKR. Case studies of knees with medial OA suggest that cartilage lesions on the medial side of the lateral condyle are caused by impingement on the lateral tibial spine as a result of the varus deformity and tibial subluxation. Following UKR the varus and the subluxation are corrected, so that impingement is prevented and the damaged part of the lateral femoral condyle is not transmitting load. An illustrative case report is presented. Out of 769 knees with OA of the medial compartment treated with the Oxford UKR, 59 (7.7%) had partial-thickness cartilage loss and 20 (2.6%) had a full-thickness cartilage deficit on the medial side of the lateral condyle. The mean Oxford Knee Score (OKS) at the last follow-up at a mean of four years was 41.9 (13 to 48) in those with partial-thickness cartilage loss and 41.0 (20 to 48) in those with full-thickness loss. In those with normal or superficially damaged cartilage the mean was 39.5 (5 to 48) and 39.7 (8 to 48), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the pre-operative OKS, the final review OKS or of change in the score in the various groups. We conclude that in medial compartment OA, damage to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle is caused by impingement on the tibial spine and should not be considered a contraindication to an Oxford UKR, even if there is extensive full-thickness ulceration of the cartilage.
Simultaneous determination of serum tryptophan metabolites in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Xiang Zhong-Yuan , Tang Ai-Guo , Ren Ya-Ping , Zhou Qian-Xuan , Luo Xi-Bo 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background: To provide a more comprehensive clinic marker of tryptophan (TRP) catabolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we developed a simple and efficient method that simultaneously measured serum TRP, kynurenine (KYN), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD).

Methods: A simple and specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneously quantitative determination of TRP, KYN and KYNA with fluorescence detection (FD) using programmed wavelength and on-column fluorescence derivatization. Thirty patients with SLE and 80 healthy control subjects were analyzed for serum TRP metabolites using the assay we developed. The tryptophan breakdown index (TBI) and neuroprotective ratio (NPR) were calculated.

Results: The retention time of KYN, KYNA and TRP were 8.5 min, 13.7 min and 17.6 min, respectively. The linear range for TRP was 0.245 ~ 196 μmol/L, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.001 μmol/L and average recovery was 103.71%. The linear range for KYN was 0.049 ~ 98 μmol/L, the LOD was 0.0245 μmol/L, and average recovery was 97.45%. The linear range for KYNA was 1.05 ~ 2093 nmol/L, the LOD was 0.05 nmol/L, and average recovery was 100.60%. Inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations (SDs) were <5%. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and creatinine did not interfere with the method. The results showed great differences in TRP, KYN and KYNA contents and TBI between patients with SLE and healthy controls, but little difference in NPR.

Conclusions: The method is simple, fast, accurate, and meets the requirements for simultaneous determination of TRP, KYN and KYNA in serum.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:513–7.
State of the art in therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Fernández Elena Llorente , Parés Laura , Ajuria Iratxe , Bandres Fernando , Castanyer Bartomeu , Campos Francesc , Farré Carme , Pou Leonor , Queraltó Josep Maria , To-Figueras Jordi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a multidisciplinary activity. Because laboratory reports are part of the patient's chart, some clinical information is required. In order to guarantee quality and safety, an increasing number of TDM departments have implemented a quality management system. The aim of the present article is to review the three phases of TDM: the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases. In the pre-analytical phase, it is necessary to acquire a valid specimen collected at the specific time window. Analytical methods should be validated, assessing possible interfering substances. The objective of the post-analytical phase is the final report, which should include correct interpretation, as well as possible advice. Appropriate pharmacokinetic interpretation avoids unnecessary costs and leads to clinical benefits.Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:437–46.
Biodiesel Synthesis via Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst: Titanium Niobate Nanosheet
Authors: Mercer Erin J. , Halaweish Fathi T. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A robust, heterogeneous, and recyclable catalyst to react upon broad range of feedstock for biodiesel processing so as to best utilize local oil/grease resources and whose optimal catalytic conditions are environmentally benign is sought to improve overall production of the alternative fuel. The application of titanium niobate nanosheets has been developed to transesterify soybean oil under environmentally favorable catalytic conditions. Experiments were conducted with a comprehensive study of the catalyst from its synthesis to analysis of the final biodiesel product. In the optimization of catalyst synthesis and its activation/reactivation, heating temperature and times and solvent washing were studied. The optimal catalyst was achieved with a 1:2:1 molar ratio of K2CO3:TiO2:Nb2O5 heated in a ThermoLyne® furnace at 500°C for 14 h. The application in biodiesel processing reached 99 % conversion in a flash reaction time of 5 min with a 1:2 methanol:soybean oil by weight and 6.5 wt % catalyst. Temperature was maintained at 66°C by a hot water jacket in a self-pressurized closed system. Initial reactions using used restaurant grease have shown 15 % conversion with optimization ongoing. Recycling and reactivating the catalyst have been studied and found to maintain efficiency in use. Transesterification was quantitatively analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An innovative method designed to adhere the titanium niobate nanosheets to silica beads is underway with the intention of industrial scale biodiesel application.
»Die Ausführung der Maßnahme hielt sich anscheinend nicht im Rahmen der gegebenen Weisung«. Die Suche nach Hergang, Tätern und Motiven des Massakers von Maillé am 15. August 1944
Authors: Lieb Peter 
Published: March 2010

Zusammenfassung
Am 25. August 1944 töteten deutsche Soldaten 124 Einwohner – darunter viele Frauen und Kinder – des Dorfes Maillé bei Tours und zerstörten das Dorf. Nach jenem von Oradour-sur-Glane war dies das schlimmste Massaker während der deutschen Besetzung Frankreichs im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Allerdings geriet Maillé – im Unterschied zu Oradour und vergleichbaren Verbrechen – für Jahrzehnte in Vergessenheit. Nach dem Krieg verurteilte ein französisches Militärgericht den ehemaligen deutschen Leutnant Gustav Schlüter zum Tode, doch Schuldfrage und Umstände wurden nicht wirklich geklärt. Erst zwei Ereignisse machten Maillé einer breiten Öffentlichkeit bekannt: 2005 eröffnete die Staatsanwaltschaft Dortmund den Fall Maillé neu, und 2008 weihte der französische Staatspräsident Sarkozy in Maillé eine Gedenkstätte ein.
Ungeachtet dessen blieben weiterhin viele Fragen ungeklärt. Unter Verwendung der spärlichen deutschen und französischen Quellen unternimmt der vorliegende Beitrag erstmals eine eingehendere Analyse des Verbrechens hauptsächlich aus deutscher historischer Perspektive. Er stellt dabei das Verbrechen in den Kontext der deutschen Partisanenbekämpfung im besetzten Frankreich. Demnach kamen die Täter aus zwei unterschiedlichen Einheiten. Während die Soldaten des beteiligten Wehrmachtverbandes eher maßvoll auftraten, ging eine ebenfalls beteiligte SS-Einheit mit größter Brutalität vor. Es steht nunmehr ziemlich sicher fest, dass letztere aus einem Zug des SS-Feldersatzbataillons 17 (der 17. SS-Panzer-Grenadier-Division »Götz von Berlichingen«) bestand, das in früheren Anti-Partisanen-Operationen kein derart brutales Verhalten gezeigt hatte. Zum anderen scheint der kommandierende Wehrmachtoffizier, Gustav Schlüter, das Massaker nicht geplant, vielmehr die Kontrolle über die Ereignisse verloren zu haben. Doch bleibt die Frage unbeantwortet, ob ein plötzliches Ereignis der Auslöser für das Blutbad gewesen sein könnte. Nach dem Krieg bemühte sich die französische Justiz ziemlich nachlässig um den Fall Maillé. Erstaunlicherweise gingen sie klaren Hinweisen über die Beteiligung einer SS-Einheit an dem Massaker nicht nach. Zusammengefasst bleibt festzuhalten, dass Maillé gut in das Muster der deutschen Partisanenbekämpfung in Frankreich von 1944 passt: Immer wenn Frauen und Kinder ermordet wurden, stammten die Schuldigen aus den Reihen der Waffen-SS.
A Case Study in Successful Management of a Data-Poor Fishery Using Simple Decision Rules: The Queensland Spanner Crab Fishery
Authors: Dichmont Catherine M. , Brown Ian W. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The Queensland spanner crab Ranina ranina is the target of a relatively data-poor, low-value fishery that has been managed for the last decade by using total allowable catches (TACs) in an individual transferable quota system. Despite the fact that this management system is usually applied to data-rich fisheries, it has been successfully used on this data-poor fishery. The key factor has been the use of harvest strategies that consisted only of simple decision rules that were appropriate given the size of the fishery and knowledge of the resource. These strategies were tested in a management strategy evaluation framework; however, it was not traditional in that (1) the operating model (or “true” resource to be managed) was not conditioned to data but rather was set to parameter ranges seen as appropriate for the resource and (2) the TAC was not set by using a stock assessment model, so the magnitude of the stock biomass was unknown. The important test was whether one could develop harvest strategies that were robust to this large uncertainty in knowledge by using only commercial catch rates. The management system had to be adaptive over time as more was learned about the biology of the species and how the harvest strategies affected the management of the fishery. This meant that the TAC was almost always set using the harvest strategies, but modifications to the decision rules were made on several occasions as more was learned about the fishery. The transparency and simplicity of the rules mean that the industry was empowered to make significant contributions to fine tuning the harvest strategies. As a result, the process does not rely solely on scientific advances but on the pooled knowledge of scientists, industry, and managers in a cooperative environment.
A meta‐analysis of resource pulse–consumer interactions
Authors: Yang Louie H. , Edwards Kyle F. , Byrnes Jarrett E. , Bastow Justin L. , Wright Amber N. , Spence Kenneth O. 
Published: March 2010

Resource pulses are infrequent, large‐magnitude, and short‐duration events of increased resource availability. They include a diverse set of extreme events in a wide range of ecosystems, but identifying general patterns among the diversity of pulsed resource phenomena in nature remains an important challenge. Here we present a meta‐analysis of resource pulse–consumer interactions that addresses four key questions: (1) Which characteristics of pulsed resources best predict their effects on consumers? (2) Which characteristics of consumers best predict their responses to resource pulses? (3) How do the effects of resource pulses differ in different ecosystems? (4) What are the indirect effects of resource pulses in communities? To investigate these questions, we built a data set of diverse pulsed resource–consumer interactions from around the world, developed metrics to compare the effects of resource pulses across disparate systems, and conducted multilevel regression analyses to examine the manner in which variation in the characteristics of resource pulse–consumer interactions affects important aspects of consumer responses.Resource pulse magnitude, resource trophic level, resource pulse duration, ecosystem type and subtype, consumer response mechanisms, and consumer body mass were found to be key explanatory factors predicting the magnitude, duration, and timing of consumer responses. Larger consumers showed more persistent responses to resource pulses, and reproductive responses were more persistent than aggregative responses. Aquatic systems showed shorter temporal lags between peaks of resource availability and consumer response compared to terrestrial systems, and temporal lags were also shorter for smaller consumers compared to larger consumers. The magnitude of consumer responses relative to their resource pulses was generally smaller for the direct consumers of primary resource pulses, compared to consumers at greater trophic distances from the initial resource pulse. In specific systems, this data set showed both attenuating and amplifying indirect effects. We consider the mechanistic processes behind these patterns and their implications for the ecology of resource pulses.
On the specification of structural equation models for ecological systems
Authors: Grace James B. , Anderson T. Michael , Olff Han , Scheiner Samuel M. 
Published: March 2010

The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) is often motivated by its utility for investigating complex networks of relationships, but also because of its promise as a means of representing theoretical concepts using latent variables. In this paper, we discuss characteristics of ecological theory and some of the challenges for proper specification of theoretical ideas in structural equation models (SE models). In our presentation, we describe some of the requirements for classical latent variable models in which observed variables (indicators) are interpreted as the effects of underlying causes. We also describe alternative model specifications in which indicators are interpreted as having causal influences on the theoretical concepts. We suggest that this latter nonclassical specification (which involves another variable type—the composite) will often be appropriate for ecological studies because of the multifaceted nature of our theoretical concepts.In this paper, we employ the use of meta‐models to aid the translation of theory into SE models and also to facilitate our ability to relate results back to our theories. We demonstrate our approach by showing how a synthetic theory of grassland biodiversity can be evaluated using SEM and data from a coastal grassland. In this example, the theory focuses on the responses of species richness to abiotic stress and disturbance, both directly and through intervening effects on community biomass. Models examined include both those based on classical forms (where each concept is represented using a single latent variable) and also ones in which the concepts are recognized to be multifaceted and modeled as such. To address the challenge of matching SE models with the conceptual level of our theory, two approaches are illustrated, compositing and aggregation. Both approaches are shown to have merits, with the former being preferable for cases where the multiple facets of a concept have widely differing effects in the system and the latter being preferable where facets act together consistently when influencing other parts of the system. Because ecological theory characteristically deals with concepts that are multifaceted, we expect the methods presented in this paper will be useful for ecologists wishing to use SEM.
Prospective Assessment of the Use of Enamel Matrix Derivative With Minimally Invasive Surgery: 6‐Year Results
Authors: Harrel Stephen K. , Wilson Thomas G. , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a surgical technique using very small incisions indicated for performing regenerative therapy in periodontal defects. The 11‐month results from a prospective study of MIS were previously published. This article presents the 6‐year results of that prospective study.Methods: Patients from two private periodontal practices with advanced periodontitis who, after non‐surgical therapy, had one or more sites with probing depths ≥6 mm were included in the study. An MIS surgical approach was used for all sites ≥6 mm. After surgical debridement, enamel matrix derivative (EMD) was placed into the bony defect. The surgical sites were reevaluated after ≥6 years.Results: Six‐year data were available on 142 sites in 13 patients. No significant differences were noted in the results between the two offices, and the data were combined. Probing depths (mean: 3.18 mm; SD: 0.59 mm) and attachment levels (mean: 3.93 mm; SD: 0.19) at 6 years were unchanged from the 11‐month measurements. No recession from preoperative levels was noted. All sites continued to be considered clinically successful.Conclusions: The combination of MIS and EMD yielded significant reductions in probing depths and improvements in attachment levels while producing no detectable recession. The 11‐month results remained stable at 6 years.