bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio‐economic characteristics in children with coeliac disease
Authors: Ludvigsson J. F. ,   for the ABIS study group
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study the relationship between socio‐economic factors and coeliac disease. Methods: This study was part of a prospective cohort study of 16 286 children born from 1 October 1997–1 October 1999 (the ABIS study; All Babies in Southeast Sweden). Eight paediatric departments recorded all children with coeliac disease in southeast Sweden. Coeliac disease was confirmed through biopsy. Socio‐economic characteristics (maternal employment, civil status, whether parents were born in Sweden, parental education, place of living before pregnancy and during pregnancy, crowded living), infant sex, previous siblings, parental age and maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy were analysed using logistic regression. All data, except for those related to diagnosis of coeliac disease, were obtained through a questionnaire distributed at birth. Results: Coeliac disease in the offspring was less common among mothers who had worked <3 mo during pregnancy (odds ratio, OR=0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.94; p=0.039). This risk decrease remained after adjustment for confounders (adjusted OR=0.28; 95% CI: 0.09–0.92; p=0.035). No other socio‐economic factor was related to coeliac disease. Conclusion: This study indicates that most socio‐economic factors are probably of little importance to the development of coeliac disease.
The impact of newborn bathing on the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in Uganda: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Bergström Anna , Byaruhanga Romano , Okong Pius 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To elucidate the impact of bathing on the prevalence of hypothermia among newborn babies exposed to the skin‐to‐skin (STS) care technique before and after bathing. Methods: Non‐asphyxiated newborns after vaginal delivery (n=249) in a Ugandan referral hospital were consecutively enrolled and randomized either to bathing at 60 min postpartum (n=126) or no bathing (n=123). All mothers practised skin‐to‐skin care of their newborns. Four rectal and tympanic registrations of newborn temperatures were carried out in both groups directly after drying at birth, and at 60, 70 and 90 min postpartum. Results: Bathing of newborns in the first hour after delivery resulted in a significantly increased prevalence of hypothermia, defined as temperature <36.5°C, at 70 and at 90 min postpartum despite the use of warmed water and the application of the STS method. There was no neonatal mortality. Aside from the bathing procedure, no background factor potentially predisposing the newborns to hypothermia was identified. Conclusion: Bathing newborn babies shortly after birth increased the risk of hypothermia despite the use of warm water and STS care for thermal protection of the newborn.
Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator for superior vena cava thrombosis in an infant with sepsis
Authors: Tan H , Kizilkaya M , Alper F , Becit N , Kürşat H 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSuperior vena cava syndrome is rare in infants, and rarely responds to conservative treatment. We report a 22‐mo‐old girl with superior vena cava syndrome due to the use of a central venous line and/or sepsis. Doppler study and computed tomography angiography of the neck showed thrombosis within the superior vena cava and jugular veins. She was admitted to a monitored setting and received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for 2 d. The clinical features of superior vena cava syndrome disappeared completely 3 d after treatment. No complications were observed and radiological investigations showed blood flow through the thrombus after treatment. Conclusion: Systemic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator may be useful in the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome in children.
Cefuroxime axetil versus placebo for children with acute respiratory infection and imaging evidence of sinusitis: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Kristo Aila , Uhari Matti , Luotonen Jukka , Ilkko Eero , Koivunen Petri , Alho Olli‐Pekka 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in children who presented in medical care with respiratory infection and had imaging evidence of sinusitis. Methods: Eighty‐two children (4–10 y) with acute respiratory symptoms and ultrasonography findings suggestive of acute rhinosinusitis were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind trial. The sinus findings were confirmed with plain radiographs. The children received either cefuroxime axetil in 125‐mg capsules twice a day for 10 d or placebo. Main outcome measures were complete cure in 2 wk and absence of prolonged symptoms or complications. Results: A total of 72 children (88%) completed follow‐up. The sinusitis findings in the ultrasound could be confirmed with plain radiographs in 65 of the 72 patients (90%). The proportion of children completely cured by day 14 was similar in both groups (difference 6%, 95% confidence interval −16% to 29%). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the proportions of children who escaped prolonged disease and complications between the groups (difference 7%, −9% to 24%). Conclusion: A 10‐d course of cefuroxime axetil offered no clinical benefit to children with an acute respiratory illness and imaging evidence of acute sinusitis.
Safety of intravenous terbutaline in acute severe asthma: A retrospective study
Authors: Kambalapalli Mamatha , Nichani S. , Upadhyayula S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Objective: (1) To determine the effect of intravenous terbutaline in children with acute severe asthma on parameters like heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram and serum electrolytes; (2) to assess the safety profile and to evaluate the outcome of children treated with intravenous terbutaline for acute severe asthma. Design: Retrospective study of admission records of children admitted with acute severe asthma who needed intravenous terbutaline. Setting: Children's Hospital at the Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK. Patients: 77 children with acute severe asthma admitted between April 1999 and October 2002. Results: There was a significant increase in heart rate and significant fall in diastolic blood pressure in this cohort. Four patients required inotropic support. None of the patients had cardiac arrhythmias. Potassium supplements were required in 10 patients due to hypokalaemia. All patients improved and none required initiation of ventilation after commencing terbutaline. There was no mortality in this cohort. Conclusions: Terbutaline was found to be safe for use in this patient group in doses ranging between 1 and 5 μg/kg/min. Intravenous terbutaline was found to be a useful adjunct in those who failed to respond to standard initial therapy.
Low‐birthweight adolescents: Quality of life and parent–child relations
Authors: Indredavik Marit S. , Vik Torstein , Heyerdahl Sonja , Romundstad Pål , Brubakk Ann‐Mari 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To explore the effect of low birthweight on quality of life, the parent–child relationship and the parents' mental health. Design/study groups: A population‐based follow‐up of 56 very‐low‐birthweight (1500 g), 60 term small‐for‐gestational‐age (birthweight <10th centile) and 83 term control adolescents (birthweight10th centile) at 14 y of age. Outcome measures: Child Health Questionnaire (Child Form, Parent Form), Parental Bonding Instrument rated by adolescents and parents; Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised rated by mothers and fathers. Results: There were no group differences in self‐reported health or self‐esteem. Parents reported more behavioural problems and lower psychosocial health for very‐low‐birthweight adolescents (p<0.001) compared with controls. Results did not differ significantly between small‐for‐gestational‐age and control adolescents. The youngsters, their mothers and fathers perceived the same amount of relational warmth in all three groups. Very‐low‐birthweight parents reported more emotional impact than control parents, especially in the presence of psychiatric problems and cerebral palsy. There were no group differences in mothers' or fathers' mental health. Conclusion: The low‐birthweight adolescents perceived quality of life as others did, but the parents reported functional disadvantages for the very‐low‐birthweight group. Birthweight did not influence the warmth in the parent–child relationship. Parents of very‐low‐birthweight adolescents experienced increased emotional burden, but they did not have more mental health problems than others.
Pharmacokinetic profile of recombinant human N‐acetylgalactosamine 4‐sulphatase enzyme replacement therapy in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis VI (Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome): a phase I/II study
Authors: Harmatz P , Kramer W G , Hopwood J J , Simon J , Butensky E , Swiedler S J ,   on behalf of the Mucopolysaccharidosis VI Study Group
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme N‐acetylgalactosamine 4‐sulphatase (ASB). Enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human ASB (rhASB) has been studied in a randomized, double‐blind, two‐dose (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg/week) phase I/II study (n=7) followed by an open‐label single dose (1.0 mg/kg/week) extension study. We report the pharmacokinetic profile of rhASB and the impact of antibody development. Methods: Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed at weeks 1, 2, 12, 24, 83, 84 and 96. Infusions were administered over 4 hours using a ramp‐up protocol. Plasma ASB and rhASB antibody concentrations and urine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations were determined. Results: The area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0−t) for the high‐dose group increased from week 1 to week 2, but remained unchanged at weeks 12 and 24. A large difference in mean AUC0−t was observed between the low‐ and high‐dose groups. Pharmacokinetic results at weeks 83, 84 and 96 were similar to those at week 24. Six patients developed antibodies to rhASB. One patient developed high antibody levels in combination with a high ASB concentration, while a second patient also developed high antibody levels with undetectable ASB concentrations. Antibodies from the second patient blocked detection of ASB. By week 72, antibody levels had decreased in all patients. The high‐dose rhASB produced a more rapid and greater percentage reduction in urinary GAG concentrations than the lower dose (70% versus 55% at 24 weeks). Antibody levels did not appear to influence urinary GAG concentrations. Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic parameters appear to be independent of the duration of treatment and are not linear between the 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg/week doses. Antibodies to rhASB develop in most patients, but their concentration decreases over time. Antibody formation may influence pharmacokinetic parameters during the early phases of treatment, although it appears to have limited impact on biochemical efficacy.
Genetic factors and clinical significance of acanthosis nigricans in obese Japanese children and adolescents
Authors: Miura Naoko , Ikezaki Ayako , Iwama Saika , Matsuoka Hisafumi , Ito Keiko , Sugihara Shigetaka 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To clarify the clinical significance of acanthosis nigricans (AN) and the association of gene polymorphisms in the β2‐ and β3‐adrenergic receptors (B2ADR and B3ADR) in Japanese obese children and adolescents. Methods: Seventy obese subjects (56 boys, 14 girls) from 5 to 19 y of age were examined as to clinical features. Genetic analyses were performed in 83 obese subjects (61 boys, 22 girls), 2 to 17 y of age. Typing of gene polymorphisms in B2ADR and B3ADR was achieved by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA and restriction fragment‐length polymorphism analysis (PCR‐RFLP). Results: The group with AN (n=30) had higher values for percent overweight, BMI, waist circumference, fasting insulin, HOMA‐R, leptin and PAI‐1 than the AN‐negative group (n=40), but there were no significant differences in age, sex or percent body fat between the two groups. The prevalences of B2ADR Gly16 and B3ADR Arg64 were significantly higher in AN‐positive (n=26) than in AN‐negative (n=57) subjects. In addition, the AN frequency was significantly higher in the group with both Gly16 and Arg64 than in the group with neither of these alleles (55.6% vs 12.5%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrate that AN is a useful clinical marker for the severity of obesity associated with a high BMI, and that B2ADR Gly16 and B3ADR Arg64 are associated synergistically with AN in obese children and adolescents.
Fetal growth and postnatal growth failure in very‐low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Marks Kyla‐Anna , Reichman Brian , Lusky Ayala , Zmora Ehud ,   IN COLLABORATION WITH THE ISRAEL NEONATAL NETWORK
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To determine in a cohort of very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants the incidence of postnatal growth failure and the influence of intrauterine growth and neonatal morbidities on the risk for severe postnatal growth failure (PNGF). Methods: The study was based on analysis of data from the Israel Neonatal Network database on VLBW infants born between 1995 and 2001. Z‐score was determined for weight at birth and discharge, and severe PNGF was defined as a decline in z‐score of greater than 2. Univariate analysis and multi‐linear regression determined the effect of fetal growth and neonatal morbidities on the risk for severe PNGF. Results: Severe PNGF occurred in 10.6% of the cohort. The mean±SD birthweight (BW) z‐score was −0.59±0.74, decreasing to −1.67±0.77 at discharge. The incidence of severe PNGF increased significantly with decreasing BW and gestational age. Each 1‐unit increase in z‐score BW was associated with a 2.37‐fold increased risk for severe PNGF. Severe respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were associated with severe PNGF. Conclusion: Severe PNGF among VLBW infants was markedly influenced by intrauterine growth as well as major morbidities. In the assessment of postnatal growth among VLBW infants, growth status at birth should be considered.
Unintentional injuries among primary and middle school students in Maanshan City, eastern China
Authors: Sun Ye‐Huan , Ts Yu Ignatius , Zhang Yan , Fan Ya‐Ping , Guo Shu‐Qin , Wai Wong Tze 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To describe the rates and patterns of unintentional injuries among primary and middle school students in China. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Maanshan City of the Anhui Province in eastern China. All students attending six primary and four middle schools, selected randomly, were asked to report unintentional injuries occurring in the 12‐mo period before the survey. The occurrence of unintentional injuries that resulted in medical attendance was summarized by study grade, sex, month and external causes. Results: The annual event‐based injury rate per 100 students was higher among boys (21.7) than girls (17.6). Only 1.9% of the episodes resulted in hospitalization, and 17.8% resulted in missing school. The most frequent injuries were falls (38.2%) and transportation‐related injuries (19.6%). The risk of injury was lower in middle schools than primary schools. Distribution by month of occurrence showed two peaks in boys during spring and autumn, but no clear peak was observed in girls. Conclusion: The descriptive epidemiology of unintentional injuries among students in China provides useful information on the distributions in person, place and time, which in turn provide hints for the further exploration of possible risk factors that are important in planning strategies for future prevention.
Tibial cortical bone properties of preadolescents and their mothers in an urban area associated with lifestyle: A longitudinal study
Authors: Inose Tomoko , Takano Takehito , Nakamura Keiko , Kizuki Masashi , Seino Kaoruko 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: A 12‐mo follow‐up observation was performed to evaluate the tibial cortical bone properties of preadolescent children and their mothers in a densely populated area of Tokyo in association with their lifestyle in the context of healthy bone development of urban children. Methods: Fifty‐four volunteer mother–child pairs were examined twice: once in the 1st grade of elementary school and once in the following year. Tibial cortical speed of sound (TCSOS) was measured by non‐invasive quantitative ultrasonometry. Nutritional intake and recreational activity were examined using a structured interview. Results: TCSOS of the children showed a positive association with intake of vegetables, including potatoes and fruits (1st grade, r=0.31, p < 0.05; 2nd grade, r=0.33, p < 0.05), and inversely correlated with indoor recreational activities (1st grade, r= − 0.28, p < 0.05). The z‐score of TCSOS of the mothers was correlated with intake of milk, dairy products and eggs (r=0.35, p < 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant correlations in TCSOS between children and their mothers. Conclusion A 1‐y longitudinal study in urban children indicated the effects of specific types of food intake and recreational activities of children on tibial bone properties.
Behavioural changes after anaesthesia: Validity and liability of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire in a Swedish paediatric population
Authors: Karling Mats , Stenlund Hans , Hägglöf Bruno 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study the validity and liability of a Swedish translation of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) in children in Sweden. Methods: The PHBQ was translated using a back‐translation method. The subjects were 340 children, ages 2–13 y, admitted for elective surgery or diagnostic procedure with anaesthesia. The results were analysed using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis with Oblimin rotation. The fit to data was examined using confirmative factor analysis with a good measure of fit for the model (p>0.09 for all factors). Results: Five factors emerged as being most consistent: general anxiety‐withdrawal, eating disturbances, separation anxiety, regression‐aggression and sleep anxiety. A panel of child psychologists confirmed the face validity of factors. Internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha) was adequate (0.75–0.87) for subscales and excellent for total score (0.93). Children less than 5 y old had higher scores than older children (mean 0.046±0.018 vs −0.0089±0.014, p<0.001). There were no gender differences. Conclusion: The results support a conclusion that a five‐factor model better fits data from Swedish children than the original six‐factor model.
Hypocalcaemia following therapy of thyrotoxicosis in an infant
Authors: Kansra Sonal , Dayal Devi , Suri Deepti , Singh Meenu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA 2‐mo‐old infant born to a mother with Graves’ disease and having symptoms of thyrotoxicosis was started on antithyroid drugs. Life‐threatening hypocalcaemia requiring high‐dose calcium infusions developed 1 mo after starting therapy. Serum alkaline phosphatase and paratharmone levels were elevated. This communication may serve to alert treating physicians about this rare complication in infants with thyrotoxicosis after initiation of antithyroid therapy. Conclusion: Severe hypocalcaemia may follow initiation of antithyroid therapy in infants with thyrotoxicosis.
Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in kangaroo mother care units: A risk in tuberculosis‐endemic areas
Authors: Heyns Louis , Gie Robert P. , Goussard Pierre , Beyers Nulda , Warren Rob M. , Marais Ben J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background and aim: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has become the standard of care for low‐risk preterm babies born in developing countries. However, the potential risk of nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within KMC units, particularly in tuberculosis‐endemic areas, has not been explored. We report an infant (sentinel case) who was admitted to our paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with extensive pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods and results: When interviewed, the mother reported no household contact with a tuberculosis source case, but mentioned that she shared a KMC room with someone who had symptoms suspicious of tuberculosis. We found molecular evidence that nosocomial transmission of M. tuberculosis occurred within the KMC unit and conducted a contact investigation of all infants exposed to this infectious source case during her stay in the KMC unit. Conclusion: We present the findings of the contact investigation and discuss the implications of these findings for KMC units, particularly in tuberculosis‐endemic areas.
Epidemiological study of constipation and other gastrointestinal symptoms in 8000 children
Authors: Ludvigsson J. F. ,   FOR THE ABIS STUDY GROUP
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Adult studies indicate that gastrointestinal symptoms vary with sex and socioeconomic status. We examined socioeconomic factors, infant sex, smoking and gastrointestinal symptoms, especially constipation, in 2.5 year‐old children. Methods: This study was part of a prospective cohort study of children born 01.10.97–01.10.99 (the ABIS study; All Babies in Southeast Sweden). Socioeconomic factors, infant sex, smoking were analyzed vs. constipation, diarrhoea, anorexia, abdominal pain, meteorism and vomiting using logistic regression. All data were obtained through questionnaires distributed at infant birth, at 1 and 2.5 years of age. Results: Out of 8341 children, 539 (6.5%) suffered from constipation. In a backward stepwise regression analysis (AOR; and 95% CI AOR = are given within brackets), constipation correlated with low maternal education (1.60; 1.08–2.35), female sex (1.52; 1.23–1.85), living in a large community with >3000 inhabitants (1.35; 1.09–1.64) and having no older siblings (1.28; 1.04–1.59). Smoking during pregnancy was linked to diarrhoea (multivariate analysis: 1.76; 1.02–3.02), anorexia (univariate analysis: 1.43; 1.09–1.87) and meteorism (univariate analysis: 1.58; 1.11–2.27). Adjusting for confounders, paracetamol use was linked to a five‐fold increased risk of anorexia (5.12; 1.26–20.70). Conclusions: This study indicates that socioeconomic status, infant sex and parental smoking, are associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in children.
Avidity of Tetanus and Hib antibodies after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – implications for vaccination strategies
Authors: Ek Torben , Mellander Lotta , Hahn‐Zoric Mirjana , Abrahamsson Jonas 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To investigate the possible relationship between serum levels and avidities of antibodies against tetanus toxoid (TT) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in children that were vaccinated after treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Methods: The study groups were 31 paediatric patients with ALL and 18 healthy controls. All subjects were vaccinated with TT and a protein conjugated Hib vaccine. Antibody levels were analysed at three time points: At diagnosis of ALL, after cessation of treatment before vaccination and three weeks after vaccination. Avidity was measured twice, with a thiocyanate elution assay, at diagnosis of ALL and three weeks after vaccination. Results: There was a correlation between level and avidity of tetanus antibodies after vaccination (rs=0.59, P<0.001). In the standard‐risk and intermediate‐risk ALL groups, all patients responded with protective levels of tetanus antibodies with normal avidity. In the high‐risk ALL group 7/9 patients had subprotective levels of tetanus antibodies after vaccination and concomitantly the lowest avidity, implying poor protection against tetanus. No patients were found with low levels and low avidity of anti‐Hib IgG, and 29/31 patients had full protection after a single dose of conjugated Hib‐vaccine. Conclusion: The vaccination strategy after childhood ALL must be different for low‐risk and high‐risk ALL groups, since the high‐risk group fail to elicit a recall response to tetanus.