bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular self‐assembled nanoparticles for targeted therapy of myocardial infarction by enhancing cardiomyocyte mitophagy
Authors: Jiao Yang , Wang Haimang , Weng Xiechuan , Wang Jihang , Li Ying , Shen Jian , Zhao Weiwei , Xi Qing , Zhang Hongyu , Fu Zhenhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMyocardial infarction accompanied by diabetes mellitus is accepted as the most serious type of coronary heart disease, and among the current treatment strategies, the precise delivery of protective drugs for inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis is still a challenge. In this study, we developed a biodegradable nanoparticles‐based delivery system with excellent macrophage escape, cardiac targeting, and drug release properties to achieve targeted therapy of myocardial infarction. Specifically, a copolymer of p(DMA–MPC–CD) combining self‐adhesion, hydration lubrication, and targeting peptide binding site was successfully prepared by free radical copolymerization, and it was self‐assembled on the surface of melatonin‐loaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (bMSNs) following the integration of adamantane‐modified cardiac homing peptide (CHP) based on supramolecular host–guest interaction. Importantly, a hydration layer formed around the zwitterionic phosphorylcholine groups of the multifunctional nanoparticles, which was confirmed by the enhancement in hydration lubrication and reduction in coefficient of friction, prevented the nanoparticles from phagocytosis by the macrophages. The in vivo bioluminescence imaging test indicated that the nanoparticles were endowed with satisfied cardiac targeting capability, and the in vivo mice study demonstrated that the intravenous injection of drug‐loaded nanoparticles (namely bMSNs–Mel@PDMC–CHP) effectively reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, alleviated myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and enhanced cardiac function.
Pediatric refractory chronic immune thrombocytopenia: Identification, patients' characteristics, and outcome
Authors: Pincez Thomas , Fernandes Helder , Fahd Mony , Pasquet Marlène , Chahla Wadih Abou , Granel Jérome , Ducassou Stéphane , Thomas Caroline , Garnier Nathalie , Jeziorski Eric , Bayart Sophie , Chastagner Pascal , Cheikh Nathalie , Guitton Corinne , Paillard Catherine , Lejeune Julien , Millot Frédéric , Li‐Thiao Te Valérie , Mallebranche Coralie , Pellier Isabelle , Castelle Martin , Armari‐Alla Corinne , Carausu Liana , Piguet Christophe , Benadiba Joy , Pluchart Claire , Stephan Jean‐Louis , Deparis Marianna , Briandet Claire , Doré Eric , Marie‐Cardine Aude , Barlogis Vincent , Leverger Guy , Héritier Sébastien , Aladjidi Nathalie , Leblanc Thierry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRefractory chronic immune thrombocytopenia (r‐cITP) is one of the most challenging situations in chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP). Pediatric r‐cITP is inconsistently defined in literature, contributing to the scarcity of data. Moreover, no evidence is available to guide the choice of treatment. We compared seven definitions of r‐cITP including five pediatric definitions in 886 patients with cITP (median [min‐max] follow‐up 5.3 [1.0–29.3] years). The pediatric definitions identified overlapping groups of various sizes (4%–20%) but with similar characteristics (higher proportion of immunopathological manifestations [IM] and systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), suggesting that they adequately captured the population of interest. Based on the 79 patients with r‐cITP (median follow‐up 3.1 [0–18.2] years) according to the CEREVANCE definition (≥3 second‐line treatments), we showed that r‐cITP occurred at a rate of 1.15% new patients per year and did not plateau over time. In multivariate analysis, older age was associated with r‐cITP. One patient (1%) experienced two grade five bleeding events after meeting r‐cITP criteria and while not receiving second‐line treatment. The cumulative incidence of continuous complete remission (CCR) at 2 years after r‐cITP diagnosis was 9%. In this analysis, splenectomy was associated with a higher cumulative incidence of CCR (hazard ratio: 5.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.48–19.84, p = 7.8 × 10−4). In sum, children with cITP may be diagnosed with r‐cITP at any time point of the follow‐up and are at increased risk of IM and SLE. Second‐line treatments seem to be effective for preventing grade 5 bleeding. Splenectomy may be considered to achieve CCR.
Incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal health conditions in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancers: A report from the Swiss childhood cancer survivor study
Authors: Christen Salome , Roser Katharina , Mader Luzius , Otth Maria , Scheinemann Katrin , Sommer Grit , Kuehni Claudia , Michel Gisela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeChildhood cancer and its treatment can cause damage to the musculoskeletal system. We aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal health conditions (MSHC) in survivors, and to investigate differences by cancer‐related characteristics.MethodsWe used data from the Childhood Cancer Registry and the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, including survivors (≥5 years since diagnosis; diagnosed 1976–2015 at <20 years of age) aged ≥15 years at study. Cumulative incidence and prevalence of MSHCs (osteoporosis, limb length discrepancy, limited joint mobility, bone/joint pain, scoliosis, changes to chest/ribs and amputation) were calculated from self‐reported data.ResultsWe included 2645 survivors (53% men; median age 24 years, range 15–59 years). Prevalence and cumulative incidence of any MSHC was 21% and 26%, respectively. Incidence rate for any MSHC was 15.6/1000 person‐years. Scoliosis (8%), bone/joint pain (7%) and limited joint mobility (7%) were the most prevalent MSHC. MSHC co‐occurred with other health conditions in 87% of survivors. We found increased rates of MSHC in women (RR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.2–1.7), bone tumour survivors (RR = 6.0, 95%CI: 4.5–7.9), survivors older at diagnosis (11–15 years: RR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.5–2.3), after a relapse (RR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.3–1.9), treatment with surgery (RR = 1.2, 95%CI: 1.0–1.5), chemotherapy (RR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1–1.8) or stem cell transplantation (RR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.0–2.5), and more recent year of diagnosis (2011–2015: RR = 4.3, 95%CI: 2.8–6.8).ConclusionMSHCs are prevalent in survivors, the risk is increasing in younger survivor cohorts, and MSHCs usually occur in multimorbid survivors. Strengthening of rehabilitation services and appropriate referrals are needed to mitigate the effects of the cancer and cancer treatment.
Exploring Steroidal Saponin Composition and Morphometric Characteristics of Rhizomes from Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don: Inference for Medicinal Properties and Genetic Stock Improvement
Authors: Singh Bisht Surendra , Meena Rajendra K. , Bhandari Maneesh S. , Pal Singh Prithvi , Sharma Upendra , Bisht Aman , Verma Praveen K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrillium govanianum, a medicinal herb, exhibiting diverse morphometric traits and phytochemicals across developmental stages of plants. The changes in the chemical profile and steroidal saponin levels in the rhizome of T. govanianum across different developmental stages were previously unknown. This study categorizes rhizomes into three types based on scar presence: juvenile (5–10 scars, Type I), young (11–19 scars, Type II), and mature (21–29 scars, Type III). Rhizomes show varying sizes (length 1.2–4.7 cm, girth 0.3–1.6 cm), weight (0.18–5.0 g), and extractive yields (9.7–16.1 % w w−1), with notable differences in saponin content (5.95–21.9 mg g−1). Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐MS/MS (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS)‐based chemical profiling identifies 31 phytochemicals, mainly including diverse saponins. Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (UHPLC‐ELSD)‐based quantitative analysis of seven key saponins reveals stage‐specific accumulation patterns, with protodioscin (P) and dioscin (DS) predominant in mature rhizomes. Statistical analysis confirms significant variation (p=0.001) in saponin levels across developmental stages with chemical constituent protodioscin (P=4.03±0.03–15.76±0.14 mg g−1, PAve=9.79±3.03 mg g−1) and dioscin (DS=1.23±0.06–3.93±0.07 mg g−1, DSAve=2.59±0.70 mg g−1), with acceptable power (p=0.738; |δ|>0.5) statistics for effective sample size (n=27 samples used in the study) of T. govanianum. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Euclidean clustering further highlighted chemotype distinctions.
The clinical effects of individual career counseling on clients’ psychological distress
Authors: Arifoulline Nicole , Milot‐Lapointe Francis , Le Corff Yann 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examined the clinical effects of career counseling on psychological distress and the role of counselor adherence, working alliance, and client neuroticism in predicting these effects. The 239 participants received an average of 7.81 sessions at a university career counseling center. Among clients with a clinical level of psychological distress (n = 179) at the study's inception, 55.87% recovered, 22.35% improved, 19.55% experienced no change, and 2.23% saw an aggravation of their psychological distress. Results showed that a higher level of counselor adherence to the intervention manual significantly increased the probability that clients recovered or improved as compared to not experiencing significant change. Working alliance did not predict clinical change, nor did it moderate the effect of counselor adherence. Clients who improved had higher levels of neuroticism than clients who recovered.
Quantum optimization algorithms: Energetic implications
Authors: Hong Enriquez Rolando P. , Badia Rosa M. , Chapman Barbara , Bresniker Kirk , Pakin Scott , Mishra Alok , Bruel Pedro , Dhakal Aditya , Rattihalli Gourav , Hogade Ninad , Frachtenberg Eitan , Milojicic Dejan 
Published: April 2024

SummarySince the dawn of quantum computing (QC), theoretical developments like Shor's algorithm proved the conceptual superiority of QC over traditional computing. However, such quantum supremacy claims are difficult to achieve in practice because of the technical challenges of realizing noiseless qubits. In the near future, QC applications will need to rely on noisy quantum devices that offload part of their work to classical devices. One way to achieve this is by using parameterized quantum circuits in optimization or even in machine learning tasks. The energy requirements of quantum algorithms have not yet been studied extensively. In this article, we explore several optimization algorithms using both theoretical insights and numerical experiments to understand their impact on energy consumption. Specifically, we highlight why and how algorithms like quantum natural gradient descent, simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximations or circuit learning methods, are at least to more energy efficient than their classical counterparts; why feedback‐based quantum optimization is energy‐inefficient; and how techniques like Rosalin can improve the energy efficiency of other algorithms by a factor of 20. Finally, we use the NchooseK high‐level programming model to run optimization problems on both gate‐based quantum computers and quantum annealers. Empirical data indicate that these optimization problems run faster, have better success rates, and consume less energy on quantum annealers than on their gate‐based counterparts.
Job Burnout Among the Helping Professions: The Roles of Childhood Maltreatment, Attachment Styles and Perceived Supervisor Support
Authors: Icekson Tamar , Kaye‐Tzadok Avital , Zeiger Aya 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTJob burnout is a major predicament globally, especially among the helping professions. Based on the job demands–resources (JDR) theory and on attachment theory, this study explored the relations between a history of childhood maltreatment (CM), insecure attachment styles (avoidant and anxious), perceived supervisor support and job burnout. A sample of 320 helping professionals participated in the study, of which 35% reported experiencing CM. Findings confirmed the hypothesis that a history of CM was positively related to both avoidant and anxious attachment styles. Anxious attachment style partly mediated the relationship between CM and burnout. In addition, the relationship between CM and burnout was mediated by avoidant attachment style and perceived supervisor support, so that highly avoidant professionals perceived their supervisors as less supportive, reporting higher levels of burnout. Notably, there were no discernible variations in burnout levels when comparing professionals who had experienced maltreatment with those who had not. The study highlights the value of adopting an attachment perspective to better understand job burnout among the helping professions.
The Role of Sulfur in Meeting 4R Nutrient Stewardship Goals
Authors: Bruulsema Tom , Olson Ron 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSulfur plays several roles in 4R plant nutrition. First, as an essential plant nutrient, it may need to be applied to optimize yields and quality of crops. Second, there may be a need to replenish the sulfur removed from the soil by crop harvests. Third, some forms of sulfur may have additional benefits through their effects on soil pH and on soil nitrogen processes. The three roles combine to support enhanced productivity with lower impacts on the environment. This article reviews basic sulfur nutrition, recent trends affecting the need for fertilizers, and the contribution of sulfur to improving productivity sustainably. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Magnetic nanofluid‐based liquid marble for a self‐powered mechanosensation
Authors: Chen Manhui , Liu Ziwei , Li Yike , Zhang Shanfei , Chen Peng , Zhang Pengyu , Su Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMagnetic nanofluid possesses the characteristic of interfering with the propagation of the magnetic field, endowing it with the sensing property in motion. However, the residual adhesion of magnetic nanofluid as it flows over solid surfaces remains an open question. Liquid marbles allow for quantities of liquids to be encapsulated by hydrophobic particles, ensuring a unique nonstick property for utilization in different applications. In this study, being capsuled by hydrophobic nano‐/microscale powders, a magnetic nanofluid‐based liquid marble (MNLM) with well mechanical stability has been fabricated. A magnetic nanofluid posture detector (MNPD), which consists of an MNLM, a magnetic tube, and coils, has been assembled that can convert mechanical energy to electricity as it freely rolls on the solid surface. Gesture recognition can be achieved when combining five MNPDs with fingers. The fabricated MNPD possesses a good signal recognition capability, which can separately distinguish the bending of each finger. Moreover, a variety of language hand gestures with specific meanings (digits, letters, “OK,” and “I Love You”) can be further recognized through corresponding combinations. The potential of MNPD in the realm of gesture recognition will offer a novel avenue for flexible wearables.
Experimental investigation of enhanced form‐stable phase change material based on stearic acid/expanded graphite/SEBS composite
Authors: Agrawal Nidhi , Arora Bharti 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) are the materials that can absorb and release energy during their phase transition. The materials have become ubiquitous but still face challenges. The inevitable transition from solid phase to liquid phase in these materials during operation limits their utility in application areas that require leak‐proof properties like orthopaedic mattresses or gel packs, or applications requiring self‐load‐bearing capabilities (such as ceiling tiles and building walls). Entrapment of PCM in porous matrices is one of the promising methods of capturing the PCM and limiting the flow of materials in the liquid phase. The present study discusses the preparation of exfoliated graphite from commercially available intercalated graphite. The process of exfoliating the intercalated graphite has been holistically characterized using x‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The graphite with a surface area of 47.37 cc/g with a purity of 99% was found to have a maximum absorption of 80% (w/w) stearic acid as PCM. In addition, this paper investigates two synthetic routes to prepare the shape‐stabilized PCM. The blends are characterized and compared along six indicators: transition point, latent heat capacity, thermal conductivity, exudation behavior, FTIR, and SEM. Composite 1 refers to stearic acid absorbed in the exfoliated graphite. Composite 2 refers to the stearic acid absorbed in exfoliated graphite which is further treated with an elastomer SEBS. The leak test performed on both blends signifies that SEBS is an essential ingredient. The PCM composition optimized in this study can unlock various thermal applications with critical requirements where direct exposure of chemicals to the user is unacceptable. Further, the study itself is envisaged to serve as a framework to develop enhanced shape‐stabilized PCMs with tuneable thermal conductivity and extended operation life in application areas where leakage in liquid phase is a concern.
Concomitant and sequential administration of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir and azvudine in patients with COVID‐19 caused by the Omicron variant: Safety and efficacy
Authors: Chen Guang‐Bin , Zheng You‐Rou , Yu Yun‐Ni , Liang Li‐Mian , Chen Chao , Liu Ying‐Xia , Lu Hong‐Zhou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed the safety and efficacy of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir (Paxlovid®) and azvudine when administered sequentially or concomitantly in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the Omicron variant.MethodsNinety‐three patients confirmed to be infected with the Omicron variant by nucleic acid detection were retrospectively investigated. Information was collected on general health status, medication, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) according to whether nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir and azvudine were administered sequentially or concomitantly. Data on times of onset, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of ADRs and on conversion to a negative nucleic acid test were also recorded.ResultsPossible ADRs were recorded in 41 patients (44.1%). There were 22 gastrointestinal reactions in 18 patients and 18 hematological abnormalities in 16 after sequential or concomitant treatment with nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir and azvudine. Liver enzyme levels increased in nine cases and creatinine clearance decreased in two. Cases of atrial fibrillation (n = 1), sleep disorder (n = 2), rash (n = 2), dizziness (n = 1), and weakness (n = 5) were also documented. Only vomiting, poor appetite, diarrhea, xerostomia, bitter taste, and rash were considered probable ADRs; others were thought to be possible ADRs. In all cases, the nucleic acid test did not turn negative after the first antiviral was applied. The nucleic acid test of 28 patients did not turn negative before discharge. The remaining 65 patients (69.9%) returned a negative nucleic acid test after receiving the second antiviral agent.ConclusionsTreatment with nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir and azvudine is safe and effective whether administered sequentially or concomitantly in patients with COVID‐19 caused by the Omicron variant.
Characterization of human skin under tension using terahertz time domain spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Baitong , Zhang Pengyan , Tan Keyu , Zhu Hengxin , Li Zixuan , Li Chuanwei , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a spectral analysis method for monitoring the human skin in vivo based on a combination of terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The method can quantitatively measure the refractive index, thickness and transmission coefficient of epidermis, and the refractive index of dermis in natural, as well as the tension condition of the skin. An optically reflective model for the multilayer structure of the skin is first established. The initial thickness of the epidermis is then measured by OCT as a known quantity for the established model. By fitting the established model to the experimentally obtained THz‐TDS signals, the above parameters of the skin can be calibrated. Furthermore, the dependence of these skin parameters on the tension status are investigated. This study provides a means for terahertz technology to measure the skin in vivo.
Single‐ and Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Gefapixant (MK‐7264), a P2X3 Receptor Antagonist, in Healthy Adults
Authors: Nussbaum Jesse C. , Hussain Azher , Butera Peter , Ford Anthony P. , Kitt Michael M. , O'Neill Edward A. , Smith Steven , Vargas Gabriel , O'Reilly Terry , Wynne Chris , Stoch S. Aubrey , Iwamoto Marian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGefapixant (MK‐7264, RO4926219, AF‐219) is a first‐in‐class P2X3 antagonists being developed to treat refractory or unexplained chronic cough. The initial single‐ and multiple‐dose safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of gefapixant at doses ranging from 7.5 to 1800 mg were assessed in four clinical trials. Following single‐dose administration of 10‐450 mg, the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of gefapixant in plasma and urine demonstrated low inter‐subject variability and a dose‐proportional exposure. Following administration of multiple doses twice daily, the plasma exposures were dose‐proportional at doses ranging from 7.5 to 50 mg and less than dose‐proportional at doses ranging from 100 to 1800 mg. The time to mean peak drug concentration ranged from 2 to 3 h post‐dose, and steady state was achieved by 7 days after dosing, with an accumulation ratio of approximately 2, comparing data from day 1 to steady state. The mean apparent terminal half‐life ranged from 8.2 to 9.6 h. Gefapixant was primarily excreted unmodified in urine. Gefapixant was well tolerated following single‐dose administration up to 1800 mg and multiple doses up to 1800 mg twice daily; there were no serious adverse events (AEs) reported. The most common AE reported was dysgeusia. The PK profile supports a twice‐daily dosing regimen.