bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency effect on low‐cycle fatigue behavior of pseudoelastic NiTi alloy
Authors: Iasnii Volodymyr , Krechkovska Halyna , Budz Volodymyr , Student Oleksandra , Lapusta Yuri 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents experimental results on the effect of loading frequency during low‐cycle fatigue on the fracture mechanism and properties of pseudoelastic NiTi wire. The uniaxial tensile tests were performed in stress‐controlled mode over the 0.1–10 Hz frequency range. It was shown that the number of cycles before specimen failure decreased with increasing frequency from 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz but increased at frequencies above 1 Hz. It was fractographically shown that fatigue striations were observed on the fracture surfaces of specimens tested at all loading frequencies. A new type of fatigue striations was described on fracture specimens tested at frequencies up to 1 Hz. They are characterized by different spacing between successive striations with a change in the slope of the fracture at the transitions between them. This feature may be associated with forward and reverse phase transformations during half‐periods of loading and unloading of nitinol.
Unveiling the landscape predictors of resilient vegetation in coastal wetlands to inform conservation in the face of climate extremes
Authors: Cheng Fangyan , Liu Jialin , Ren Junlin , Ma Shuai , Ji Weiwen , Li Bo , He Qiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnveiling spatial variation in vegetation resilience to climate extremes can inform effective conservation planning under climate change. Although many conservation efforts are implemented on landscape scales, they often remain blind to landscape variation in vegetation resilience. We explored the distribution of drought‐resilient vegetation (i.e., vegetation that could withstand and quickly recover from drought) and its predictors across a heterogeneous coastal landscape under long‐term wetland conversion, through a series of high‐resolution satellite image interpretations, spatial analyses, and nonlinear modelling. We found that vegetation varied greatly in drought resilience across the coastal wetland landscape and that drought‐resilient vegetation could be predicted with distances to coastline and tidal channel. Specifically, drought‐resilient vegetation exhibited a nearly bimodal distribution and had a seaward optimum at ~2 km from coastline (corresponding to an inundation frequency of ~30%), a pattern particularly pronounced in areas further away from tidal channels. Furthermore, we found that areas with drought‐resilient vegetation were more likely to be eliminated by wetland conversion. Even in protected areas where wetland conversion was slowed, drought‐resilient vegetation was increasingly lost to wetland conversion at its landward optimum in combination with rapid plant invasions at its seaward optimum. Our study highlights that the distribution of drought‐resilient vegetation can be predicted using landscape features but without incorporating this predictive understanding, conservation efforts may risk failing in the face of climate extremes.
SEnSCA: Identifying possible ligand‐receptor interactions and its application in cell–cell communication inference
Authors: Zhou Liqian , Wang Xiwen , Peng Lihong , Chen Min , Wen Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMulticellular organisms have dense affinity with the coordination of cellular activities, which severely depend on communication across diverse cell types. Cell–cell communication (CCC) is often mediated via ligand‐receptor interactions (LRIs). Existing CCC inference methods are limited to known LRIs. To address this problem, we developed a comprehensive CCC analysis tool SEnSCA by integrating single cell RNA sequencing and proteome data. SEnSCA mainly contains potential LRI acquisition and CCC strength evaluation. For acquiring potential LRIs, it first extracts LRI features and reduces the feature dimension, subsequently constructs negative LRI samples through K‐means clustering, finally acquires potential LRIs based on Stacking ensemble comprising support vector machine, 1D‐convolutional neural networks and multi‐head attention mechanism. During CCC strength evaluation, SEnSCA conducts LRI filtering and then infers CCC by combining the three‐point estimation approach and single cell RNA sequencing data. SEnSCA computed better precision, recall, accuracy, F1 score, AUC and AUPR under most of conditions when predicting possible LRIs. To better illustrate the inferred CCC network, SEnSCA provided three visualization options: heatmap, bubble diagram and network diagram. Its application on human melanoma tissue demonstrated its reliability in CCC detection. In summary, SEnSCA offers a useful CCC inference tool and is freely available at https://github.com/plhhnu/SEnSCA.
Francisella salimarina infection in farmed cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) in Brazil: A case report
Authors: Rocha Victória Pontes , Gauer Danise , Costa Henrique Lopes , Reis Francisco Yan Tavares , Marcelino Sóstenes Apolo Correia , Nogueira Luiz Fagner Ferreira , Pierezan Felipe , Figueiredo Henrique César Pereira , Tavares Guilherme Campos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify and characterize isolates of Francisella salimarina associated with an outbreak on a marine fish farm in Brazil and to analyse their genetic variability and antimicrobial susceptibility. In 2021, diseased cobias (Rachycentron canadum, n = 10) and dusky groupers (Epinephelus marginatus, n = 10) were sampled and subjected to bacteriological and pathological examinations. The isolates obtained were morphologically and biochemically characterized and identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐ToF) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The genetic diversity of these isolates was analysed using repetitive extragenic palindromic‐polymerase chain reaction (REP‐PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the disk diffusion technique. Macroscopically, the fish presented skin ulcerations, ocular lesions, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. A pleomorphic, gram‐negative, catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive bacterium was isolated from seven cobias and two groupers. The 16S rRNA gene sequences showed >99% coverage and identity with other deposited sequences of F. salimarina. The results of the biochemical analysis corresponded to these bacterial species. Histologically, granulomas were observed in the spleen, liver and heart of the cobias (n = 6), and necrotizing and fibrinous dermatitis and myositis were identified in some groupers (n = 2). The isolates exhibited the same banding pattern when REP‐PCR was performed, indicating that they were clonally related. Finally, the antibiogram test, no inhibition halo was observed for amoxicillin and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. salimarina infection in cobias and dusky groupers.
A prediction model of abnormal acid reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Sonoda Michiko , Matsumura Tomoaki , Dao Hang Viet , Shiko Yuki , Do Phuong Nhat , Nguyen Binh Phuc , Okimoto Kenichiro , Akizue Naoki , Ohyama Yuhei , Mamiya Yukiyo , Nakazawa Hayato , Takahashi Satsuki , Horio Ryosuke , Goto Chihiro , Kurosugi Akane , Kaneko Tatsuya , Ohta Yuki , Saito Keiko , Taida Takashi , Kikuchi Atsuko , Fujie Mai , Kato Jun , Dao Long Van , Kato Naoya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe measurement of esophageal acid exposure time (AET) using combined multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH (MII‐pH) tests is the gold standard for diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, this catheter‐based 24‐h test can cause considerable patient discomfort. Our aim is to identify factors affecting AET and to develop a scoring model for predicting AET abnormalities before conducting the MII‐pH test.MethodsOf the 366 patients who underwent MII‐pH test at two facilities in Japan and Vietnam, 255 patients who also had esophagogastroduodenoscopy and high‐resolution manometry were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis was conducted using risk factors for AET > 6% identified from a derivation cohort (n = 109). A scoring system predicting AET > 6% was then constructed and externally validated with a separate cohort (n = 146).ResultsThree variables were derived from the prediction model: male gender, Hill grades III–IV, and weak mean distal contractile integrals. Based on these scores, patients were classified into low (0 point), intermediate (1–3 points), and high (4 points) risk groups. The probabilities of having an AET > 6% were 6%, 34%, and 100% for these groups, respectively. A score of < 1 excluded patients with abnormal AET, with a negative predictive value of 93.8% in the derivation cohort and 80.0% in the validation cohort.ConclusionsWe derived and externally validated a prediction model for abnormal AET. This system could assist in guiding the appropriate treatment strategies for GERD.
The AMSlide for noninvasive time‐lapse imaging of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: McGaley Jennifer , Schneider Ben , Paszkowski Uta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, the nutritional partnership between AM fungi and most plant species, is globally ubiquitous and of great ecological and agricultural importance. Studying the processes of AM symbiosis is confounded by its highly spatiotemporally dynamic nature. While microscopy methods exist to probe the spatial side of this plant–fungal interaction, the temporal side remains more challenging, as reliable deep‐tissue time‐lapse imaging requires both symbiotic partners to remain undisturbed over prolonged time periods. Here, we introduce the AMSlide: a noninvasive, high‐resolution, live‐imaging system optimised for AM symbiosis research. We demonstrate the AMSlide's applications in confocal microscopy of mycorrhizal roots, from whole colonisation zones to subcellular structures, over timeframes from minutes to weeks. The AMSlide's versatility for different microscope set‐ups, imaging techniques, and plant and fungal species is also outlined. It is hoped that the AMSlide will be applied in future research to fill in the temporal blanks in our understanding of AM symbiosis, as well as broader root and rhizosphere processes.
Finite Element Analysis of Six Internal Fixations in the Treatment of Pauwels Type III Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Sun Xiang , Han Zhe , Cao Dongdong , Han Chao , Xie Mengqi , Zeng Xiantie , Dong Qiang 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThe current investigation sought to utilize finite element analysis to replicate the biomechanical effects of different fixation methods, with the objective of establishing a theoretical framework for the optimal choice of modalities in managing Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.MethodsThe Pauwels type III fracture configuration, characterized by angles of 70°, was simulated in conjunction with six distinct internal fixation methods, including cannulated compression screw (CCS), dynamic hip screw (DHS), DHS with de‐rotational screw (DS), CCS with medial buttress plate (MBP), proximal femoral nail anti‐rotation (PFNA), and femoral neck system (FNS). These models were developed and refined using Geomagic and SolidWorks software. Subsequently, finite element analysis was conducted utilizing Ansys software, incorporating axial loading, torsional loading, yield loading and cyclic loading.ResultsUnder axial loading conditions, the peak stress values for internal fixation and the femur were found to be highest for CCS (454.4; 215.4 MPa) and CCS + MBP (797.2; 284.2 MPa), respectively. The corresponding maximum and minimum displacements for internal fixation were recorded as 6.65 mm for CCS and 6.44 mm for CCS + MBP. When subjected to torsional loading, the peak stress values for internal fixation were highest for CCS + MBP (153.6 MPa) and DHS + DS (72.8 MPa), while for the femur, the maximum and minimum peak stress values were observed for CCS + MBP (119.3 MPa) and FNS (17.6 MPa), respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum displacements for internal fixation were measured as 0.249 mm for CCS + MBP and 0.205 mm for PFNA. Additionally, all six internal fixation models showed excellent performance in terms of yield load and fatigue life.ConclusionCCS + MBP had the best initial mechanical stability in treatment for Pauwels type III fracture. However, the MBP was found to be more susceptible to shear stress, potentially increasing the risk of plate breakage. Furthermore, the DHS + DS exhibited superior biomechanical stability compared to CCS, DHS, and PFNA, thereby offering a more conducive environment for fracture healing. Additionally, it appeared that FNS represented a promising treatment strategy, warranting further validation in future studies.
The personality of a personality cult? Personality characteristics of Donald Trump's most loyal supporters
Authors: Goldsmith Benjamin E. , Moen Lars J. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe unusually loyal supporters of Donald Trump are often described as a cult. How can we understand this extreme phenomenon in U.S. politics? We develop theoretical expectations and use the Big Five personality dimensions to investigate whether Trump's most loyal supporters share personality characteristics that might make them inclined to cult‐like support. We find that (1) Trump's supporters share high levels of Conscientiousness; (2) this is substantively and statistically distinguishable from the commonly identified association between Conscientiousness and Conservatism; and (3) the association is highly robust to a range of sensitivity tests. Our main findings are robust across two surveys. Study 1 is an online survey conducted in 2021 designed specifically for this project. Study 2 is the 2016 American National Election Study (ANES).
Centripetalism in Consociational Democracy: The Multiple Proportional Vote and the Belgian Case
Authors: de Briey Laurent , de Briey Aurian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBelgium illustrates that using consociational institutions in divided societies may ensure a peaceful political environment, but it fails in reducing its centrifugal tendencies. As communitarian issues threaten to paralyse the political debate, preserving the efficiency of the state will require adding centripetal incentives to the consociational framework. However, the solution usually proposed for this purpose –the creation of a federal constituency– would be insufficient and would raise legitimacy problems analogous to those occurred in Bosnia, the Swiss Canton of Berne or Cyprus. Instead, this paper advocates the adoption of a new electoral system: the Multiple Proportional Vote (MPV). MPV can maintain the consociational goal of including the different communities in the parliament, as well as to strengthen the centripetal trends towards moderation. Indeed, electors of every group are allowed to cast their preferences for candidates of the other communities. As such, MPV suggests that consociationalism and its main theoretical alternative, centripetalism, are far from mutually exclusive.
Cultural conceptualisations and spatial cognition in Ghanaian English
Authors: Ansah Gladys Nyarko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKantian philosophy describes space as a universal cognitive primitive because all humans contend with attributes of space as they navigate their environments and communicate the location of things or their location in relation to the location of things. These spatial conceptualisations are encoded in human language and their grammars as either prepositions or postpositions, where different cultures and languages conceptualise space differently because of their different environments. It also means that linguistic terms about spatial relations, such as prepositions, contain not only linguistic information but also conceptual information as well as cultural schemas. This paper explores the variations in the use of prepositions in Ghanaian English and argues that such variations, which may contribute to marking off the variety of English spoken in Ghana as a distinct variety, may be motivated by the cultural conceptualisations of relational terms in the primary language(s)/culture(s) of the speakers of Ghanaian English.
Triangular maximal operators on locally finite trees
Authors: Meda Stefano , Santagati Federico 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe introduce the centred and the uncentred triangular maximal operators and , respectively, on any locally finite tree in which each vertex has at least three neighbours. We prove that both and are bounded on for every in , that is also bounded on , and that is not of weak type (1, 1) on homogeneous trees. Our proof of the boundedness of hinges on the geometric approach of Córdoba and Fefferman. We also establish bounds for some related maximal operators. Our results are in sharp contrast with the fact that the centred and the uncentred Hardy–Littlewood maximal operators (on balls) may be unbounded on for every even on some trees where the number of neighbours is uniformly bounded.
Lack of compensatory mitophagy in skeletal muscles during sepsis
Authors: Sedraoui Sami , Leduc‐Gaudet Jean‐Philippe , Mayaki Dominique , Moamer Alaa , Huck Laurent , Gouspillou Gilles , Petrof Basil J. , Hussain Sabah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle dysfunction is a major problem in critically ill patients suffering from sepsis. This condition is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased autophagy in skeletal muscles. Autophagy is a proteolytic mechanism involved in eliminating dysfunctional cellular components, including mitochondria. The latter process, referred to as mitophagy, is essential for maintaining mitochondrial quality and skeletal muscle health. Recently, a fluorescent reporter system called mito‐QC (i.e. mitochondrial quality control) was developed to specifically quantify mitophagy levels. In the present study, we used mito‐QC transgenic mice and confocal microscopy to morphologically monitor mitophagy levels during sepsis. To induce sepsis, Mito‐QC mice received Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (10 mg kg–1 i.p.) or phosphate‐buffered saline and skeletal muscles (hindlimb and diaphragm) were excised 48 h later. In control groups, there was a negative correlation between the basal mitophagy level and overall muscle mitochondrial content. Sepsis increased general autophagy in both limb muscles and diaphragm but had no effect on mitophagy levels. Sepsis was associated with a downregulation of certain mitophagy receptors (Fundc1, Bcl2L13, Fkbp8 and Phbb2). The present study suggests that general autophagy and mitophagy can be dissociated from one another, and that the characteristic accumulation of damaged mitochondria in skeletal muscles under the condition of sepsis may reflect a failure of adequate compensatory mitophagy.
imageKey points
There was a negative correlation between the basal level of skeletal muscle mitophagy and the mitochondrial content of individual muscles.
Mitophagy levels in limb muscles and the diaphragm were unaffected by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced sepsis.
With the exception of BNIP3 in sepsis, LPS administration induced either no change or a downregulation of mitophagy receptors in skeletal muscles.
Semi-Supervised Approach Using Transductive Support Vector Machine for Internal Leakage Detection in Two-Stage Hydraulic Cylinder
Authors: Prakash Jatin , Miglani Ankur , Kankar P. K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hydraulic cylinders with higher stages of extraction are extensively used in earthmoving and heavy machines due to their longer stroke, shorter retracted length, and high-end performance. The rigorous and long hours of operations make cylinders prone to internal leakage, which visually remains unnoticeable. This paper presents the conceptualization and realization of a newly developed 210 bar high-pressure hydraulic test rig actuated by a two-stage hydraulic cylinder. Experiments have been carried out to acquire pressure signals for two different leakage conditions (3% and 5% for moderate and severe leakages respectively) in the ramp wave motion of the cylinder. A decline in the working pressure and the piston velocity by approximately 10% and 45% for these leakage conditions respectively is noted. The time–frequency analysis infers these signals contain low-frequency components. For the automated leakage detection, a new iterative probability-based, transductive semi-supervised support vector machine (TS-SVM) is proposed capable of learning with limited datasets in several iterations. TS-SVM classifies the internal leakage with 100% accuracy in four iterations and utilizes only 64% of the total training data.
The usefulness of ultrasound in identifying the underlying findings linked to pain in podagra patients
Authors: Du Meixia , Zhong Yanmi , Yan Mengmeng , Xiao Lishan , Jiang Caiyun , Zhang Fangfang , Zhao Cheng , Ning Chunping 
Published: May 2024

Aim: To explore whether ultrasound (US) can be employed to identify the underlying characteristics associated with pain in patients with podagra by evaluating the relationship between ultrasound findings and clinical pain.Material and methods: Patients with podagra were recruited and grouped into a pain group (G1, 82 patients) and a non pain group (G2, 123 patients). US features were collected and compared. US data were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis. Interobserver reliability was assessed, too.Results: A total of 205 patients (196 male and 9 female) were enrolled in this study. In multivariate analysis, the thickness of the synovium (OR=1.928, CI=1.074-3.463), CD (color Doppler) signal of the synovium (OR=1.458, CI=1.011-2.103), and CD signal of the tophi (OR=1.576, CI=1.142-2.177) were identified as risk factors for clinical pain. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were 0.713, 0.686 and 0.641 for the three indicators, respectively. The best cutoff points were 1 mm for the thickness of the synovium, grade 1 for the CD signal of the synovium and grade 2 for the CD signal of the tophi.Conclusions: Ultrasound can provide valuable information for determining underlying features associated with pain in patients with podagra.
Detection of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in New York City
Authors: Meade Philip S. , Bandawane Pooja , Bushfield Kaitlyn , Hoxie Irene , Azcona Karla R. , Burgos Daneidy , Choudhury Sadia , Diaby Adama , Diallo Mariama , Gaynor Kailani , Huang Aaron , Kante Kadiatou , Khan Shehryar N. , Kim William , Ajayi Paul Kehinde , Roubidoux Ericka , Nelson Sasha , McMahon Rita , Albrecht Randy A. , Krammer Florian , Marizzi Christine 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b were detected in North America in the winter of 2021/2022. These viruses have spread across the Americas, causing morbidity and mortality in both wild and domestic birds as well as some mammalian species, including cattle. Many surveillance programs for wildlife as well as commercial poultry operations have detected these viruses. In this study, we conducted surveillance of avian species in the urban environment in New York City. We detected highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses in six samples from four different bird species and performed whole-genome sequencing. Sequencing analysis showed the presence of multiple different genotypes. Our work highlights that the interface between animals and humans that may give rise to zoonotic infections or even pandemics is not limited to rural environments and commercial poultry operations but extends into the heart of our urban centers.

IMPORTANCE
While surveillance programs for avian influenza viruses are often focused on migratory routes and their associated stop-over locations or commercial poultry operations, many bird species—including migratory birds—frequent or live in urban green spaces and wetlands. This brings them into contact with a highly dense population of humans and pets, providing an extensive urban animal–human interface in which the general public may have little awareness of circulating infectious diseases. This study focuses on virus surveillance of this interface, combined with culturally responsive science education and community outreach.