bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromatographic determination of solubilities in superheated water
Authors: Jones Neil , Clifford Anthony A. , Bartle Keith D. , Myers Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSuperheated water (SHW) is an effective solvent for the extraction of a variety of environmental pollutants, but knowledge of the solubilities in water at elevated temperatures necessary to maximise the efficiency of the process is often lacking. Ambient temperature aqueous solubilities have been measured by reverse‐phase HPLC from correlations with retention factors, k, but for poorly soluble organics the eluent must contain a proportion of organic modifier followed by extrapolation to pure water. The use of SHW as mobile phase allows direct determination of aqueous solubility from measurement of k on a modified HPLC system in which the eluent is cooled before detection to improve baseline stability. Alumina‐bonded octadecylsilane columns were found to be more stable in SHW chromatography than their silica‐bonded counterparts. To validate the procedure, measurements of k were made between 100 and 200°C for toluene and correlated with literature solubilities; the solubilities at 170°C of a number of related aromatics were then determined from their k‐values.
Self‐healing properties of TiO2 particle–polymer composite coatings for protection of aluminum alloys against corrosion in seawater
Authors: Yabuki A. , Urushihara W. , Kinugasa J. , Sugano K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTiO2 particle–polymer composite coatings were applied to the surface of a 5083 aluminum alloy. After using a knife to create an artificial defect, polarization resistance was monitored in artificial seawater at a temperature of 30 °C. The polarization resistance of the specimen coated with the composite polymer containing 3 vol% TiO2 particles increased significantly over time, suggesting that the composite coating had self‐healing properties. A carbon‐containing 2‐µm thick film was found on the coated aluminum substrate at the site of the artificial defect. The formation of the film was related to the dissolution of bisphenol A (BPA), which is a chemical precursor of the polymer coating that behaved as an inhibiting agent.
Corrosion behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy weldment in hydrochloric acid
Authors: Atapour M. , Fathi M. H. , Shamanian M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of a thin sheet of Ti–6Al–4V alloy was investigated in hydrochloric acid solution after welding by gas tungsten arc welding. The resulting microstructure of the weld metal (WM) consisted of coarse prior β grains containing fine acicular α platelets. It was found that both base metal (BM) and WM exhibited active–passive behavior after surface activation in open circuit potential experiments. The corrosion resistance of the BM and WM was found to decrease with increasing the temperature and acid concentration. However, the WM exhibited higher corrosion rate than the BM in all examined conditions. These results were also corroborated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Furthermore, it was revealed that the activation energy of the corrosion process for the WM was lower as compared to the BM, which confirmed the inferior corrosion behavior of the WM.
Effect of Sn addition on the corrosion behavior of Ti‐Ta alloy
Authors: Guo B. , Tong Y. X. , Chen F. , Zheng Y. F. , Li L. , Chung C. Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the present paper, the effect of Sn addition on phase constitution and corrosion behavior of Ti65Ta(35−x)Snx (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 at%) alloys has been investigated using X‐ray diffraction and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the β phase is stabilized when quenching after the addition of Sn into Ti65Ta35 alloy, with Ti65Ta30Sn5 alloy consisting of single β phase at room temperature. The corrosion resistance is enhanced with increase in the Sn content. When the Sn content increases up to 5%, the addition of Sn results in a decrease of corrosion current density from 0.690 µA/cm2 of the Ti65Ta35 alloy to 0.098 µA/cm2, and corresponding passive current density decreased from 37.7 µA/cm2 of the Ti65Ta35 alloy to 9.30 µA/cm2.
Stainless steel reinforcing bars – reason for their high pitting corrosion resistance
Authors: Elsener B. , Addari D. , Coray S. , Rossi A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn harsh chloride bearing environments stainless steel reinforcing bars offer excellent corrosion resistance and very long service life for concrete structures, but the high costs limit a more widespread use. Manganese bearing nickel‐free stainless steels could be a cost‐effective alternative. Whereas the corrosion behavior of stainless steels in alkaline solutions, mortar and concrete is quite well established, only little information on the reasons for the high pitting resistance are available. This work reports the results of pitting potential measurements in solutions simulating alkaline and carbonated concrete on black steel, stainless steel DIN 1.4301, duplex steel DIN 1.4462, and nickel‐free stainless steel DIN 1.4456. Duplex and nickel‐free stainless steels are fully resistant even in 4 M NaCl solutions with pH 13 or higher, the lower grade DIN 1.4301 shows a wide scatter between fully resistant and pitting potentials as low as +0.2 V SCE. In carbonated solutions with pH 9 the nickel‐free DIN 1.4456 shows pitting corrosion at chloride concentrations ≥3 M. This ranking of the pitting resistance can be rationalized based on XPS surface analysis results: both the increase of the Cr(III)oxy‐hydroxide and Mo(VI) contents in the passive film and a marked nickel enrichment beneath the film improve the pitting resistance. The duplex DIN 1.4462 shows the highest pitting resistance, which can be attributed to the very high Cr(III)oxy‐hydroxide, to a medium Mo(VI) content in the film and to a nickel enrichment beneath the film. Upon time, the protective properties of the surface film improve. This beneficial effect of ageing (transformation of the passive film to a less Fe2+ containing, more hydrated film) will lead to higher pitting potentials. It can be concluded that short‐term solution experiments give conservative results in terms of resistance to chloride‐induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures.
High carbon yield thermoset resin based on phenolic resin, hyperbranched polyborate, and paraformaldehyde
Authors: Xu Peijun , Jing Xinli 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHyperbranched polyborate (HBPB) is a new hyperbranched polymer with excellent thermal resistance, which can be used to improve the thermal stability, especially carbon yield, of phenolic resin (PR). In the present paper, thermal properties and curing degrees of the blends of PR and HBPB (PR–HBPB blends) are investigated. It is found that the curing degrees of PR–HBPB blends would be decreased, and the decrease of curing degree can be attributed to the improper ratio of phenol groups of HBPB to hydroxymethyl groups of PR. Paraformaldehyde (PFM) is introduced to remedy the deficiency of hydroxymethyl groups in PR–HBPB blends. The curing degrees of PR–HBPB blends are improved and the carbon yields of the blends of PR, HBPB, and PFM (PR–HBPB–PFM blends) can be up to 75–80% at 800°C in nitrogen. PR–HBPB–PFM blends can be explored as novel precursors for carbon materials with excellent properties, ease of preparation and low cost. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in congenital intracranial haemangiopericytoma
Authors: Kerl Kornelius , Sträter Ronald , Hasselblatt Martin , Brentrup Angela , Frühwald Michael C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInfantile haemangiopericytoma of the CNS is a rare entity. We report the first case of a congenital haemangiopericytoma successfully treated by preoperative chemotherapy. The patient presented shortly after birth with the diagnosis of a haemangiopericytoma. As neurosurgery was too risky due to size, location and age of the patient an anthracycline‐based chemotherapeutic regimen was applied and resulted in a significant decrease in tumour size, making a postchemotherapy complete surgical resection possible. Chemotherapy may benefit patients with congenital haemangiopericytoma especially if the tumour cannot initially be treated by complete neurosurgical resection. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:161–163. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant insulinoma in a child
Authors: Janem Waleed , Sultan Iyad , Ajlouni Fatena , Deebajeh Rasha , Haddad Hussam , Sughayer Maher A. , Goussous Rula Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInsulinomas are rare tumors with an estimated incidence of one per 250,000 person‐years. Most insulinomas are benign with less than 10% demonstrating malignant behavior, the vast majority of which occur in adults. A systemic review of the literature revealed only nine cases of malignant insulinomas occurring in children. Herein, we present a case of metastatic malignant insulinoma in a 12‐year‐old child. The occurrence of this diagnosis in a child, its unusual pattern of metastases and the challenging management of severe hypoglycemia make this case worth reporting. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1423–1426. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystallization and dissolution behaviour of polyamide 6–water systems under pressure
Authors: Charlet Karine , Mathot Vincent , Devaux Jacques 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe solubility of polyamide 6 (PA6) in water under pressure has been reported recently and is explored further here using a pressurized differential scanning calorimeter equipped with a pressure regulator, enabling operation at constant pressure. The optimum parameters for solubility (temperature, pressure, concentration) were determined. Crystallization and melting temperature depressions of a maximum of 60 °C were found. The minimum water concentration needed to reach the maximum temperature depression was found to be approximately 30 mass%. Because in such a case the end melting/dissolution temperature for PA6 in water is approximately 165 °C, the pressure level has to be high enough to prevent water from evaporating, i.e. above 8 bar (0.8 MPa). The expected industrial uses of the water solubility of polyamides under pressure are to ease the processing of polyamides by extrusion; to make polyamide composites; to disperse temperature‐sensitive fillers in polyamides; and, in general, to realize ‘green’ routes for the formation of polyamides. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of Sm(III)–hyperbranched poly(ester‐amide) complex
Authors: Fang Xiaoming , Chen Rongguo , Xiao Liren , Chen Qinghua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel Sm(III)–hyperbranched poly(ester‐amide) complex (Sm(III)–HBPEA) was synthesized, and characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 13C NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Under the conditions used, HBPEA chelates to Sm3+ ions mainly via oxygen and nitrogen atoms of functional groups on the HBPEA chain. Modes of bonding of carboxyl groups, terminal hydroxyl groups and amide carbonyl structures may play the most important role in the coordination interaction. On excitation with UV light, the complex exhibits characteristic emission of both HBPEA and Sm3+. The presence of Sm3+ ions slightly accelerates HBPEA decomposition. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomics and the dynamic plasma membrane: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Sprenger Richard R. , Jensen Ole N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractQuo Vadis: Where are you going?Advances in MS‐based proteomics have enabled research to move from obtaining the basic protein inventory of cells and organelles to the ability of monitoring their dynamics, including changes in abundance, location and various PTMs. In this respect, the cellular plasma membrane is of particular interest, by not only serving as a barrier between the “cell interior” and the external environment, but moreover by organizing and clustering essential components to enable dynamic responses to internal and external stimuli. Defining and characterizing the dynamic plasma membrane proteome is crucial for understanding fundamental biological processes, disease mechanisms and for finding drug targets. Protein identification, characterization of dynamic PTMs and protein–ligand interactions, and determination of transient changes in protein expression and composition are among the challenges in functional proteomic studies of the plasma membrane. We review the recent progress in MS‐based plasma membrane proteomics by presenting key examples from eukaryotic systems, including mammals, yeast and plants. We highlight the importance of enrichment and quantification technologies required for detailed functional and comparative analysis of the dynamic plasma membrane proteome.
High‐efficiency nano‐ and micro‐HPLC – High‐resolution Orbitrap‐MS platform for top‐down proteomics
Authors: Mohr Jens , Swart Remco , Samonig Martin , Böhm Günter , Huber Christian G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn terms of resolution, mass accuracy, and sensitivity, the Orbitrap represents one of the most potent mass analyzers available today. We here elucidate the potential of interfacing Orbitrap‐MS to ion‐pair RP HPLC for intact protein analysis. Using gradients of ACN and monolithic columns of 1.0 and 0.10 mm id, peak capacities between 120 and 130 were achievable within 20–25 min separation time. Compared with silica‐based stationary phases, protein recovery and carryover from monolithic columns were found clearly superior. Intact proteins were detectable in a mass range covering 5.7–150 kDa with LODs in the low femtomol range. Compared with UV detection, MS detection with a scanning speed of 1.6 s per spectrum on average led to a 26% increase in chromatographic peak widths, whereas chromatographic patterns were mostly preserved in extracted ion chromatograms at an acquisition rate of 0.5 s per spectrum. Isotopic resolution of multiply charged ions was demonstrated for proteins up to 42 kDa. A micro‐HPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS setup employing a 1.0 mm id column was utilized to characterize a 150 kDa recombinant monoclonal antibody. The applicability of nano‐HPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS to the analysis of highly complex protein mixtures is demonstrated for the 70% ethanol extractable subproteome of wheat grains.
Receptors for luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as potential molecular targets for therapy with LHRH antagonist cetrorelix
Authors: Rozsa Bernadett , Nadji Mehrdad , Schally Andrew V. , Dezso Balazs , Flasko Tibor , Toth Gyorgy , Mile Melinda , Block Norman L. , Halmos Gabor 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe majority of men will develop symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after 70 years of age. Various studies indicate that antagonists of LHRH, such as cetrorelix, exert direct inhibitory effects on BPH mediated by specific LHRH receptors. Our aim was to investigate the mRNA for LHRH and LHRH receptors and the expression of LHRH receptors in specimens of human BPH.METHODSThe expression of mRNA for LHRH (n = 35) and LHRH receptors (n = 55) was investigated by RT‐PCR in surgical specimens of BPH, using specific primers. The characteristics of binding sites for LHRH on 20 samples were determined by ligand competition assays. The LHRH receptor expression was also examined in 64 BPH specimens by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSPCR products for LHRH were found in 18 of 35 (51%) BPH tissues and mRNA for LHRH receptors was detected in 39 of 55 (71%) BPH specimens. Eighteen of 20 (90%) samples showed a single class of high affinity binding sites for [D‐Trp6]LHRH with a mean Kd of 4.04 nM and a mean Bmax of 527.6 fmol/mg membrane protein. LHRH antagonist cetrorelix showed high affinity binding to LHRH receptors in BPH. Positive immunohistochemical reaction for LHRH receptors was present in 42 of 64 (67%) BPH specimens.CONCLUSIONA high incidence of LHRH receptors in BPH supports the use of LHRH antagonists such as cetrorelix, for treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms from BPH. Prostate 77:445–452, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman‐active modes in graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Gillen Roland , Mohr Marcel , Maultzsch Janina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present the symmetry representations of the Raman‐active modes in graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with pure armchair (AGNR) or zigzag edges (ZGNR) and explain the representations in terms of fundamental modes and overtones in the Γ‐point phonon spectrum of GNRs. This provides possible means to assign Raman peaks in measured polarization‐dependent spectra. We show simulated Raman spectra in zz‐polarization for a 7‐AGNR and a 4‐ZGNR.
Mineral oil contents in paper and board recycled to paperboard for food packaging
Authors: Biedermann Maurus , Uematsu Yoko , Grob Koni 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTypes of paper and board fed into the recycling process to manufacture paperboard for food packaging were analysed for saturated and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons. The focus was on the hydrocarbons eluted from gas chromatography before n‐C24, as these are relevant for migration into dry foods via the gas phase at ambient temperature. Newspapers and leaflets printed by similar techniques were identified as the predominant sources of mineral oil, whereas office paper, books and corrugated board were the starting materials of lowest mineral oil content. Paperboard produced from the latter sources would contain about five times less mineral oil than the average observed today, but the migration into food could still exceed the limit derived from the available acceptable daily intake by a factor of up to 20. On average, European newspapers produced by offset printing contained 4.1 g/kg <C24 mineral oil with 21% aromatic hydrocarbons. One out of four Japanese newspapers only contained 430 mg/kg <C24 saturated and less than 15 mg/kg aromatic hydrocarbons. However, the maximum migration from paperboard exclusively produced from such newspaper would still far exceed the limit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality Evaluation of Grated Graviera Cheese Stored at 4 and 12°C using Active and Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Authors: Mexis Stamatios F. , Chouliara Eirini , Kontominas Michael G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effect of active [oxygen absorber (OA) combined with an ethanol emitter (EE)] and modified atmosphere (100% Nitrogen) packaging in combination with a high barrier experimental polyethylene terephthalate‐silicon oxides//low density polyethelene film on shelf‐life extension of grated Graviera cheese stored at 4 and 12°C was investigated. Microbiological (total viable counts, Pseudomonads, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Yeasts/Moulds), physico‐chemical (pH, thiobarbituric acid and colour) and sensory (odour and taste) changes occurring in the product were monitored as a function of treatment and storage time (10 weeks). Sensory shelf‐life was approximately 1, 1.5, 4.5, 6, 9 and at least 10 weeks for control samples (12 and 4°C), for N2 packaged samples (12 and 4°C) and samples packaged with the OA + EE (12 and 4°C), respectively. At the point of sensory rejection, yeasts and moulds increased from 2.00 to 3.60 and 5.55 log CFU/g for control samples stored at 4 and 12°C, respectively. Similarly, for samples stored under nitrogen, yeasts and moulds reached 2.00 and 2.32 log CFU/g at 4 and 12°C, respectively. Yeasts and moulds in samples with the OA + EE remained below 2 log CFU/g throughout the entire storage period, irrespective of storage temperature. pH varied between 5.72 and 6.49 depending on specific treatment. Malondialdehyde absorbance ranged between 0.05 for fresh samples and 0.79 mg/kg at the time of sensory rejection of samples. Light parameters L and b decreased while parameter a increased during storage, reflecting a gradual discolouration of all samples and especially those stored at 12°C.
Ultrabright Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Cho Eun‐Bum , Volkov Dmytro O. , Sokolov Igor 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe first successful approach to synthesizing ultrabright fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles is reported. Fluorescent dye is physically entrapped inside nanochannels of a silica matrix created during templated sol–gel self‐assembly. The problem of dye leakage from open channels is solved by incorporation of hydrophobic groups in the silica matrix. This makes the approach compatible with virtually any dye that can withstand the synthesis. The method is demonstrated using the dye Rhodamine 6G. The obtained 40‐nm silica particles are about 30 times brighter than 30‐nm coated water‐soluble quantum dots. The particles are substantially more photostable than the encapsulated organic dye itself.
Describing a feminist‐systems theory
Authors: Stephens Anne , Jacobson Chris , King Christine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper provides the first detailed discussion of a set of principles developed when two epistemologies (Critical Systems Thinking and Cultural Ecofeminism) where systematically compared. There are five principles themed around gender sensitivity; valuing voices from the margins; no longer regarding the environment as ‘outside’ the realm of theoretical research; selecting appropriate methodologies; and promoting the achievement of plurally desirable and sustainable social changes. The analysis subjects the principles to scrutiny from broader literature on direct and indirectly related concepts. The analysis also provides sets of theoretical recommendations for practitioners to embed single or multiple principles in their own repertoires of practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure/function assessment of synapses at motor nerve terminals
Authors: Johnstone A.F.M. , Viele K. , Cooper R.L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe release of transmitter at neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) of the opener muscle in crayfish is quantal in nature. This NMJ offers the advantage of being able to record quantal events at specific visually identified release sites, thus allowing measurement of the physiological parameters of vesicle release and its response to be directly correlated with synaptic structure. These experiments take advantage of areas between the varicosities on the nerve terminal that we define as “stems.” Stems were chosen as the region to study because of their low synaptic output due to fewer synaptic sites. Through 3D reconstruction from hundreds of serial sections, obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), at a site in which focal macropatch recordings were obtained, the number of synapses and AZs are revealed. Thus, physiological profiles with various stimulation conditions can be assessed in regards to direct synaptic structure. Here, we used the properties of the quantal shape to determine if distinct subsets of quantal signatures existed and if differences in the distributions are present depending on the frequency of stimulation. Such a quantal signature could come about by parameters of area, rise time, peak amplitude, latency, and tau decay. In this study, it is shown that even at defined sites on the stem, with few active zones, synaptic transmission is still complex and the quantal responses appear to be variable even for a given synapse over time. In this study, we could not identify a quantal signature for the conditions utilized. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.