bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flammability of carbon nanofiber–clay nanopaper based polymer composites
Authors: Zhuge Jinfeng , Tang Yong , Gou Jihua , Chen Ruey‐Hung , Ibeh Christopher , Hu Yuan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, a hybrid nanopaper consisting of carbon nanofiber (CNF), and pristine montmorillonite clay (MMT, Cloisite Na+) was fabricated through a paper‐making process. The hybrid nanopaper was coated onto the surface of glass fiber (GF) reinforced polymer matrix composites through resin transfer molding process. The characterization results using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion analysis of X‐ray (EDAX) show that the nanopaper had a porous structure and the polymer resin completely penetrated the hybrid nanopaper. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test results revealed that the addition of MMT clay nanoparticles significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the nanopaper. The flammability of composite samples was evaluated by cone calorimeter test under a radiant heat flux of 50 kW/m2. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) was dramatically reduced for the composites coated with the CNF–MMT nanopaper. For comparison, the composites coated with the CNF–organic MMT clay (OMT, Cloisite 20A) nanopaper were also evaluated with cone calorimeter test. The test results showed that the MMT clay was more effective than the OMT in the reduction of the PHRR. The combustion behavior of these samples was also examined by microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) test. The PHRR obtained from the MCC test decreased with the MMT content in the nanopaper, which was in good agreement with cone calorimeter test results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bulk and surface molecular orientation distribution in injection‐molded liquid crystalline polymers: Experiment and simulation
Authors: Fang Jun , Burghardt Wesley R. , Bubeck Robert A. , Burgard Susan M. , Fischer Daniel A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBulk and surface distributions of molecular orientation in injection‐molded plaques of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) have been studied using a combination of techniques, coordinated with process simulations using the Larson‐Doi “polydomain” model. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering was used to map out the bulk orientation distribution. Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) and Near‐Edge X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) were utilized to probe the molecular orientation states to within about ∼5 μm and ∼2 nm, respectively, of the sample surface. These noninvasive, surface‐sensitive techniques yield reasonable self‐consistency, providing complementary validation of the robustness of these methods. An analogy between Larson‐Doi and fiber orientation models has allowed the first simulations of TLCP injection molding. The simulations capture many fine details in the bulk orientation distribution across the sample plaque. Direct simulation of surface orientation at the level probed by FTIR‐ATR and NEXAFS was not possible due to the limited spatial resolution of the simulations. However, simulation results extracted from the shear‐dominant skin region are found to provide a qualitatively accurate indicator of surface orientation. Finally, simulations capture the relation between bulk and surface orientation states across the different regions of the sample plaque. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1864–1877, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Substituent effects on the reduction of 2–alkylcyclohexanones by LiAlH4: an investigation of conformational equilibria and transition states
Authors: Bocca Cleverson C. , Rittner Roberto , da Silva Alan P. , Basso Ernani A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTransition state (TS) structures for the reduction of 2‐Me and 2‐i‐Pr‐cyclohexanone by LiAlH4 were optimized by density functional theory (B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p)). Four TS structures corresponding to axial and equatorial attacks by LiAlH4 were located for each ketone conformer. Electronic potential maps were used to investigate the substituent electronic effect on the TS stabilization. The uneven carbonyl orbital distribution in the LUMO (π*) was also analyzed. Reduction stereoselectivity was shown to depend on both the ketone conformational ratio and on the reaction TS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How glucosylation triggers physical–chemical properties of curcumin: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Benassi Rois , Ferrari Erika , Lazzari Sandra , Pignedoli Francesca , Spagnolo Ferdinando , Saladini Monica 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the present study, we investigate the structures of glucosylated curcumin derivatives with DFT at B3LYP/6‐31G* level. A conformational analysis is performed in order to determine the conformational minimum (GS) and rotational transition state (TS) of curcumin derivatives and then their electronic features are evaluated. HOMO and LUMO frontier orbitals and maps of electron density potential (MEPs) are plotted and compared. In order to correlate their predicted spectroscopic properties with IR, UV–vis and NMR experimental data we extended the theoretical study on electronic properties to different solvents (H2O, MeOH, ACN, DMSO). The main finding is that the curcuminic core maintains the same geometrical and electronic structures in all compounds miming the metal coordination capability showed by curcumin. Therefore, we may confirm that the presence of glucose does not affect the electronic properties of the derivatives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Socially sustainable work organizations and systems thinking
Authors: Kira Mari , van Eijnatten Frans M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis Research Note seeks to add to the body of knowledge concerning social sustainability in work organizations, especially within the context of new challenges and threats in contemporary, post‐industrial working life. Moreover, the intention is to explore the added value of the complexity lens in promoting social sustainability at work. Work organizations are conceptualized as Chaordic systems to make accessible some aspects of organizations' structure and dynamics important for social sustainability. Our earlier paper (Kira and van Eijnatten, 2008) on the theme was critically assessed by Merrelyn Emery (2010). Therefore, we offer clarifications of some aspects in our earlier paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of temperature and plasticizer molecular size on moisture diffusion of plasticized‐starch biopolymer
Authors: Chaudhary Deeptangshu , Adhikari Benu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUsing starch pellets as precursor for traditional edible food packaging for making thermoformed products is an excellent idea. We report here the complex water migration behaviour of starch pellets as influenced by plasticizer type and concentration at various temperatures. The evidence for synergistic interaction between plasticizers and water within starch is shown by the reduced effective moisture diffusivities and moisture migration fluxes at different overall plasticizer concentrations. In addition, the effective moisture diffusivities showed stronger dependence on moisture concentration and the plasticizer molecular weight even though the moisture flux was comparable. The drying process was characterized by two effective diffusion coefficients (D1, D2) and interestingly, the coefficients were an order of significance apart. Peleg model was investigated for predicting the drying behaviour and it is shown that the Peleg constants k1 and k2 increase with temperature. k2, a material structure parameter, showed variation by addition of plasticizers, indicating that plasticizers were able to modify fundamental structure; and xylitol showed greater average k2 values than glycerol. Further, k1, a moisture diffusivity parameter, was affected by temperature and Arrhenius relationship was used for activation energy values for k1 of plasticized starch. It is shown that compared to starch and water, presence of plasticizer had many order of significance higher k1 and confirm the hypothesis that plasticizers can ‘lock’ in water within the new structure. Xylitol showed better stability in controlling moisture diffusivities and migration fluxes as compared to glycerol.
Effects of curdlan on the color, syneresis, cooking qualities, and textural properties of potato starch noodles
Authors: Wang Manjun , Chen Conggui , Sun Gaojun , Wang Wu , Fang Hongmei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe effects of curdlan on color, syneresis, cooking qualities, and textural properties of potato starch noodle (PSN) were investigated at the addition level of 0–1.0% w/w, and the interaction and microstructure within PSN containing curdlan (PSNC) were determined by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Results showed that a significant increase of syneresis, decrease of cooked weight, improvement of firmness, and tensile strength of PSNC were gained at 0.3–1.0% curdlan content, while enhancement of lightness (L* value) and yellowness (b* value) occurred at 0.1–0.5 and 1.0%, respectively (p<0.05). These effects, except color, might result from enhancing hydrogen bonding interaction and forming a tight structure within PSNC. The added curdlan into PSN will bear practical values in reducing the aging period of producing this noodle, improving the textural properties.
Effect of Traps on Carrier Injection and Transport in Organic Field‐effect Transistor
Authors: Weis Martin , Manaka Takaaki , Iwamoto Mitsumasa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study illustrates effect of traps on the charge injection and transport in the organic field‐effect transistor (OFET). Here are included silicon nanoparticles (NPs) on a semiconductor‐gate insulator interface, which work as trapping centers of charge carriers. Charge transport and injection phenomena are investigated by electrical measurements in presence of traps with designed densities. We find that OFETs with a low concentration of intrinsic carriers, such as a pentacene, are extremely sensitive to the internal electric fields. A significant threshold voltage shift due to trapped charge is observed, with a possibility to tune it by controlling the NP density. We demonstrate that the NP film can serve to design the amount of the accumulated charge in OFET and thus change the space‐charge‐limited conditions to the injection‐limited conditions. A detailed analysis of pentacene OFET based on dielectric properties and the Maxwell‐Wagner model reveals the internal electric field created by NPs. Additionally, the effect of NPs is discussed with respect to effective mobility, and its decrease is related to deceleration of carrier propagation by the trapping effect as well as low injection due to the increase of the carrier injection barrier by the internal field. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Space Charge Measurement in MgO/LDPE Nanocomposite up to Breakdown under DC Ramp Voltage
Authors: Murakami Yoshinobu , Okuzumi Shunsuke , Nagao Masayuki , Fukuma Masumi , Sekiguchi Yoitsu , Goshowaki Manabu , Murata Yoshinao 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo understand the basic electric properties of nanosized magnesium oxide (MgO)/low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites under an applied DC voltage, the DC breakdown strength and space charge up to the breakdown under a DC ramp voltage were investigated. Compared to that of the LDPE sample, the sample containing a MgO nanofiller (hereafter, called a nanocomposite) had a higher DC breakdown strength. In the case of the LDPE sample, the homo charges, which contained a large negative charge and a small positive charge, were only observed near the electrodes just prior to breakdown. However, in the case of the nanocomposite sample, the positive charge increased as the average field increased until the average field reached a certain value. After that, the positive charge decreased as the average field increased until breakdown occurred. The field enhancement rate (=maximum field/average field) of the nanocomposite sample increased with the average field, until it became saturated. After peaking, the field enhancement rate of the nanocomposite sample decreased as the average field increased. These observations suggest that, instead of the MgO nanofiller suppressing the electronic avalanche, it suppresses the conduction current, which was determined by the space charge, leading to the higher DC breakdown strength. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wide‐Area Robust SMES Controller Design using Synchronized PMUs for Stabilization of Interconnected Power System with Wind Farms
Authors: Ngamroo Issarachai , Nanda Cuk Supriyadi Ali , Dechanupaprittha Sanchai , Watanabe Masayuki , Mitani Yasunori 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe high penetration of wind power into interconnected power system may cause the severe problem of inter‐area oscillations. To stabilize power oscillations, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), which is capable of controlling active and reactive powers simultaneously, can be applied. To achieve the practical SMES controller design, this paper focuses on a robust SMES controller design based on wide‐area synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs) in an interconnected power system with wind farms. The structure of active and reactive power controllers of SMES is the first‐order lead/lag compensator. Assuming that multiple PMUs are located in an interconnected power system, the steady‐state phasor data are obtained by applying the small load perturbation. Using the phasor data, the simplified oscillation model (SOM) included with SMES power controllers can be identified and applied to estimate the dominant inter‐area oscillation modes. In the design, unstructured system uncertainties such as various operating conditions, system parameters variation, random wind patterns, etc., are represented by the inverse additive perturbation. To enhance the system robust stability margin, the optimization of SMES control parameters is solved by genetic algorithm in the SOM. Simulation studies in the West Japan six‐machine power system confirm that the robustness of the proposed SMES is much superior to that of the conventional SMES against various operating conditions. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multiple‐Round English Auction Agent Based on Genetic Network Programming
Authors: Yue Chuan , Mabu Shingo , Wang Yu , Hirasawa Kotaro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe auction mechanism widely used in web‐based sites, which is originally designed for human beings, might not be the most efficient one in the future, and there is a demand for evolutionary computation auction agents adaptable to the dynamic auction environments. In this paper, we have applied genetic network programming (GNP) to auction agents and developed multiple‐round English auction mechanisms based on multi‐agent systems. GNP is an evolutionary method that uses directed graph structures as genes to create compact optimal solutions by evolution. According to the simulation results, it has been found that the proposed method could help agents to evolve their strategies generation by generation to get more goods with less money. Also, GNP shows good performance in helping the agent to find out the most suitable strategy under the current situation. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fabrication of Deep Silicon Microstructures by the Combination of Anodization and p++ Etch Stop
Authors: Ohno Takeo , Tanaka Shuji , Esashi Masayoshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn order to fabricate deep silicon (Si) microstructures with possibly vertical sidewalls by wet etching, macroporous Si was formed in a Si substrate by anodization using a hydrofluoric‐acid (HF)‐based solution with backside illumination. The shape of microstructures such as fixed–fixed beams and cantilevers were defined by boron (B) diffusion, and the B‐diffused microstructures were left by a p++ etch stop after etching the macroporous Si in tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide. The B‐diffused microstructures were fabricated, but the sidewalls were not as vertical as expected, but were inclined at 40°–60° to the substrate surface, due to undercutting during anodization. The reason for the undercutting is discussed. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of dimorphic regulation on heterologous glucose oxidase production by Mucor circinelloides
Authors: Bredenkamp Astrid , Velankar Harshad , van Zyl Willem H. , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe production of Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (GOX) and native amylase by the recombinant M. circinelloides KFA199 strain under conditions of dimorphic growth was investigated. The recombinant KFA199 strain was compared to its parental ATCC 1216b strain and a wild‐type CBS 232.29 strain under similar morphology‐controlled conditions. Cultivation in Vogel's medium supplemented with ergosterol/Tween‐80 and sparged with nitrogen gas was most suitable for yeast‐like biomass production under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth was characterized by high levels of ethanol formation and linear growth rates of 0.24–0.05/h, indicating metabolic stress. Subsequent to anaerobic growth, cultures were shifted to aerobic conditions to induce aerobic mycelial growth. GOX produced by the recombinant KFA199 after the shift to aerobic conditions was poorly secreted and accumulated intracellularly to 0.56 U/mlculture. Amylase production by the KFA199, ATCC12b and CBS 232.29 strains was determined during growth on starch after the shift to aerobic culture. Growth‐associated amylase production by the ATCC 1216b (0.63 U/mlculture) and wild‐type CBS 232.29 (0.33 U/mlculture) strains was substantially higher than by the recombinant KFA199 strain (0.07 U/mlculture), which may be related to the leucine auxotrophy of the transformation host, or genetic changes induced during transformation of the KFA199 strain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Evaluation and Optimization of Intraoperative Touch Imprint Cytology for Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Early‐stage Breast Cancer in China
Authors: Chen Jia‐jian , Yang Ben‐long , Zhang Jia‐xin , Xu Wei‐ping , Shao Zhi‐min , Wu Jiong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundAccurate intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis reduces the need for additional surgery in patients with involved nodes. The present study evaluates the clinical value of multiple cross‐sectional touch imprint cytology (TIC) as an intraoperative assessment for the diagnosis of SLN metastasis.MethodsThis study consisted of 366 patients with surgically harvested SLNs that were sliced along their long axis at 2.0–3.0‐mm intervals and 122 patients with SLNs that were sliced along their short axis at 1.5‐mm intervals using a cutting apparatus designed by our group. The first group of patients was enrolled in this study between February 2005 and February 2008, while the second group was enrolled between March 2008 and January 2009. Serial sectioning of the SLNs at 100‐μm intervals with hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) staining was used as the gold standard for pathological diagnosis.ResultsMultiple cross‐sectional TIC has a sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy rate of 92.0, 99.0, and 97.5%, respectively, on a per‐patient basis, and it is superior to the standard imprint preparation protocol. Furthermore, the multiple cross‐sectional TIC technique developed in this study was observed to detect more accurately macrometastases on a per‐patient basis in comparison to the typical protocol (P = 0.023). Of the patients included in this study, 97.7% had a positive SLN within their first three harvested SLNs.ConclusionsMultiple cross‐sectional TIC is superior to the standard protocol, especially due to its ability to locate macrometastasis. Limiting intraoperative TIC to the first three harvested SLNs in the diagnosis of SLN metastasis may make this diagnostic procedure significantly cheaper and easier for pathologists to perform.
A retrospective analysis of outcome of pregnancy in patients with acute porphyria
Authors: Marsden Joanne T. , Rees David C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA survey was posted to 27 women with acute porphyria about complications and outcome of pregnancy. Fifteen women returned the completed questionnaire and the pregnancies were characterised depending on the timing of diagnosis of porphyria. Four women were diagnosed with porphyria before the first pregnancy, five during a pregnancy and six after pregnancy. Five women were diagnosed with porphyria from family studies and the remaining ten were diagnosed when they presented with acute symptoms. There were a total of 33 pregnancies and 23 live births. Four women reported symptoms associated with porphyria during pregnancy. Two women received treatment with haem arginate during pregnancy with one of them having haem arginate therapy weekly with no adverse effect either to her or the baby. One woman had acute pain and skin symptoms during pregnancy but was not diagnosed until after delivery, and another reported acute symptoms during pregnancy. There were no differences, compared to the general population, between birth weight and miscarriage rate, and there were few obstetric complications with only one patient having pre‐eclampsia at 37 weeks gestation. These results show that pregnancy is typically uncomplicated in acute porphyria, and that problems are more likely if the porphyria has not been diagnosed previously. We found that administration of haem arginate during pregnancy is safe and its continuous use during pregnancy has no detrimental effect on the outcome of pregnancy.
The Influence of Growing Region, Cultivar and Harvest Timing on the Diversity of Australian Olive Oil
Authors: Mailer Rodney J. , Ayton Jamie , Graham Kerrie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe quality indices and chemical composition of ten common olive cultivars grown in different regions of Australia were evaluated to determine the diversity of olive oils produced in Australia. Olives from trees from different environments including warmer climates in the north to colder climates in the south were sampled at two different stages of maturity over 2 years. The oil was extracted and standard methods were used to analyse the oil. Oleic acid content ranged from 83.4% in the Picual cultivar grown in Tasmania to 54.5% in Arbequina grown in northern New South Wales/southern Queensland. The Barnea cultivar, which is very commonly grown in Australia, was above 4% for campesterol content, regardless of the region in which it was grown. Parameters, such as palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and wax content were found to be significantly affected by growing region for some cultivars. This study shows the growing conditions for olive in Australia gives rise to a diverse range of olive oils.