bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytologic, flow cytometry, and molecular assessment of lymphoid infiltrate in fine‐needle cytology samples of Hashimoto thyroiditis
Authors: Zeppa Pio , Cozzolino Immacolata , Peluso Anna Lucia , Troncone Giancarlo , Lucariello Antonio , Picardi Marco , Carella Carlo , Pane Fabrizio , Vetrani Antonio , Palombini Lucio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The thyroidal lymphoid infiltrate (TLI) in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) represents the substrate from which thyroid lymphoma may arise. The objective of the current study was to classify the TLI in HT by comparing the cytologic features with flow cytometry (FC) data and evaluating the κ/λ light chain ratio and its molecular assessment.METHODS:Fine‒needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed in 34 patients with HT with nodular or diffuse palpable enlargement of the gland. Two or 3 passes were performed to prepare traditional smears, FC, and immunophenotyping, and RNAlater suspensions for molecular assessment. FC was performed using the following antibodies: CD3, CD5, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD19, and κ and λ light chains. In 4 cases, high molecular weight DNA was extracted and used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the variable diversity joining region of the heavy chain immunoglobulin (Ig) genes (IgH). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate possible associations between clinical ultrasound presentation, cytologic pattern, and TLI phenotype. Light chain expression was evaluated as the percentage of the expressing cells (≤20% and >20%) and as the κ/λ ratio.RESULTS:Smears were classified as “lymphocytic,” “lymph node‐like,” or “mixed.” FC demonstrated T cells (CD3 positive [+], CD5+) in all cases, and T cells and B cell (CD19+, CD10+/‐) lymphocytes in 22 cases. Light chains were expressed in 30 cases (in <20% of the gated cells in 13 cases and in >20% of the gated cells in 17 cases). Five cases demonstrated small κ/λ ratio imbalances and PCR analysis demonstrated diffuse bands in the gel and Gaussian curves at the heteroduplex. Statistical analysis indicated significant associations between the “lymphocytic” pattern and T‐cell phenotype and between the “lymph node‐like” pattern and B‐cell phenotype. A significant association also was observed between light chain restriction and low light chain expression (P < .005).CONCLUSIONS:The cytologic pattern of TLI in HT is quite representative of the clinical presentation and phenotypic cell type. Small light chain imbalances are not sustained by heavy chain Ig gene (IgH) rearrangements. FNA coupled with FC may contribute to making the distinction between florid TLI and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The indeterminate thyroid fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Nayar Ritu , Ivanovic Marina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:To date, thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) has been used by clinicians as the screening test of choice to determine whether surgery is required and this is what the pathology report should communicate. Standard terminology for reporting thyroid FNA has not been implemented yet, and pathologists have used various reporting systems to communicate results. A significant source of confusion among both pathologists and clinicians has been the use of the indeterminate category. On the basis of an analysis of 1150 thyroid FNAs in 2000, this institution modified the reporting of thyroid biopsy results into 6 categories, including unsatisfactory. The indeterminate category was separated into 3 subroups: 1) indeterminate for neoplasia (IND), 2) follicular neoplasm (FN), and 3) suspicious for malignancy (SUSP). Repeat FNA in 6 months to 12 months was recommended for IND and surgery for FN and SUSP categories.METHODS:To determine the validity of this approach, the outcomes of this reporting system from July of 2000 to December of 2006 were analyzed. The IND category was used for 2 subsets of cases: (a) those that morphologically fall into the gray zone between adenomatoid nodule (AN) and FN, for Hurthle cell nodule (hyperplasia vs neoplasm), and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with concern for neoplasia; and (b) for suboptimal specimens due to low epithelial cellularity or collection artifacts.RESULTS:Among 5194 thyroid nodules, the IND category comprised 18%. FNA follow‐up was done in 21% of IND cases: 58% were benign/negative and did not require surgery based on cytology alone. Surgical follow‐up in 46% of IND showed 52% were benign/negative, and 42% were follicular/Hurthle cell adenomas. The surgical yield of malignancy in IND was low (6%) when compared with the FN category, which was 14% (more than 2× that of the IND category), and the SUSP category, which was 53% (almost 9× that of the IND category).CONCLUSIONS:A 6‐tier reporting system for thyroid FNA was effective for determining which patients needed surgery versus follow‐up FNA and also guided the clinician on the extent of surgery. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
An adaptive mesh refinement solver for large‐scale simulation of biological flows
Authors: Botti Lorenzo , Piccinelli Marina , Ene‐Iordache Bogdan , Remuzzi Andrea , Antiga Luca 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe observation that hemodynamic forces play an important role in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system has led to the need for characterizing in vivo hemodynamics on a patient‐specific basis. However, the introduction of computational hemodynamics in clinical research contexts is bound to the availability of integrated workflows for analyses on large populations. Since such workflows must rely on automated geometry‐driven mesh generation methods, the availability of robust solvers featuring adaptive mesh refinement strategies is essential to ensure that the approach can be adopted on a large scale. In this paper, we present an open‐source solver for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations based on the libMesh finite elements library, featuring adaptive mesh refinement and parallelization. The solution scheme is a second‐order velocity correction in rotational form. By presenting numerical tests on benchmark cases, we demonstrate that the coupling of this solution strategy with adaptive mesh refinement leads to a solver with good accuracy characteristics despite the relative simplicity of the scheme adopted. The availability of this solver within the Vascular Modeling Toolkit project leads to a widely available, seamless pipeline from images to simulation ready to be applied in clinical research environments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The red‐shift effect and radiation decay on black hole spacetimes
Authors: Dafermos Mihalis , Rodnianski Igor 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe consider solutions to the linear wave equation □gϕ = 0 on a (maximally extended) Schwarzschild spacetime with parameter M > 0, evolving from sufficiently regular initial data prescribed on a complete Cauchy surface Σ, where the data are assumed only to decay suitably at spatial infinity. (In particular, the support of ϕ may contain the bifurcate event horizon.) It is shown that the energy flux F(𝒮) of the solution (as measured by a strictly timelike T̃ that asymptotically matches the static Killing field) through arbitrary achronal subsets 𝒮 of the black hole exterior region satisfies the bound F(𝒮) ≤ C E(v + u), where v and u denote the infimum of the Eddington‐Finkelstein advanced and retarded time of 𝒮, v+ denotes max{1, v}, and u+ denotes max{1, u}, where C is a constant depending only on the parameter M, and E depends on a suitable norm of the solution on the hypersurface t ≐ u + v = 1. (The bound applies in particular to subsets 𝒮 of the event horizon or null infinity.) It is also shown that ϕ satisfies the pointwise decay estimate |ϕ| ≤ C Ev in the entire exterior region, and the estimates |rϕ| ≤ CR̃E(1 + |u|)−1/2 and |r1/2ϕ| ≤ CR̃Eu in the region {r ≥ R̃} ∩ J+(Σ) for any R̃ > 2M. The estimates near the event horizon exploit an integral energy identity normalized to local observers. This estimate can be thought to quantify the celebrated red‐shift effect. The results in particular give an independent proof of the classical result |ϕ| ≥ C E of Kay and Wald without recourse to the discrete isometries of spacetime. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Situ Discrimination between Axially Complexed and Ligand‐Free Co Porphyrin on Au(111) with Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Domke Katrin F. , Pettinger Bruno 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSimultaneous chemical and topographic information about cobalt tetraphenyl‐porphyrin (CoTPP) adlayers formed on a Au(111) single crystal is obtained with tip‐enhanced Raman (TER) spectroscopy. We distinguish in situ between sample areas covered with an ordered adlayer of CoTPP and areas covered with a spontaneously formed disordered phase. The Raman vibrational fingerprints collected from the nanometer‐sized near‐field region just below a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) tip are correlated with the adsorbate structures seen in the STM images. We assign the TER spectral features of the disordered phase to CoTPP complexes with CO and/or NO axial ligands, whereas the TER spectrum obtained from the ordered phase does not show any indication of additional axial complexation of CoTPP.
CD22 expression on blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms and reactivity of anti‐CD22 antibodies to peripheral blood dendritic cells
Authors: Reineks Edmunds Z. , Osei Ebenezer S , Rosenberg Arlene , Auletta Jeffrey , Meyerson Howard J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe identified CD22 expression on a blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) neoplasm presenting as a leukemia in a child. CD22 expression, as determined by the antibody s‐HCL‐1, was also noted on the neoplastic cells from three additional patients with blastic pDC tumors identified at our institution. Subsequently we determined that peripheral blood pDCs react with the s‐HCL‐1 antibody demonstrating that normal pDCs express CD22. Evaluation of five additional anti‐CD22 antibodies indicated that staining of pDCs with these reagents was poor except for s‐HCL‐1. Therefore, the detection of CD22 on pDCs is best demonstrated with the use of this specific antibody clone. All anti‐CD22 antibodies stained conventional DCs. We also evaluated the reactivity of the anti‐CD22 antibodies with basophils and noted that the pattern of staining was similar to that seen with pDCs. The studies demonstrate that normal DCs and pDC neoplasms express CD22, and highlight clone specific differences in anti‐CD22 antibody reactivity patterns on pDCs and basophils. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society.
The Jamming problem in IEEE 802.11‐based mobilead hocnetworks with hidden terminals: Performance analysis and enhancement
Authors: Li Yun , Wang Chonggang , Zhao Weiliang , You Xiaohu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe hidden‐terminal problem significantly degrades the performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF. Many previous works have investigated its influence on the throughput of CSMA‐based medium access control (MAC) protocols, especially IEEE 802.11 DCF. In this paper, we introduce a newJamming problemfor IEEE 802.11‐based mobilead hocnetworks, which is caused by hidden terminals. An analytical model is established for this problem. Based on this model, an adaptive DCF (ADCF), is designed to solve the jamming problem through adaptively adjusting the minimum contention window of hidden terminals. Simulation results effectively demonstrate that the proposed A‐DCF can avoid the jamming and in turn greatly improve channel utilization and throughput. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reliable overlay video transport protocol for multicast agents in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Baek Jinsuk , Fisher Paul S. , Jo Minho , Chen Hsiao‐Hwa 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYA new video transport protocol for multicast agents in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is proposed in this paper. The proposed protocol enables a significant reduction in the transmission overhead, while providing reliable communication for its use in multicast applications. This proposed reliable protocol provides a practical approach for an overlay peer‐to‐peer multicast facility supported within the application layer. This obviates the need to give upgraded routers capable of handling multicast broadcasting or modify the existing protocol stack. The protocol tolerates partial losses in multimedia transmissions, while supporting control of the delay sensitivity of such transmissions in WMNs. The key issue in this protocol is the ability to detect packet loss, anticipate retransmission requests, and use the anticipated retransmission requests to transmit the lost packets prior to requests from other receiving agents. The proposed protocol allows for the receiver to determine if retransmission of lost packets is required, ensuring the greatest flexibility needed for a reliable multicast protocol. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Message transmission techniques for low traffic P2P services
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Hsien , Hsu Chi‐Guey , Chen Shih‐Chang , Chen Tai‐Lung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWith the advance of network technology peer‐to‐peer (P2P) has become a new network application model for state‐of‐the‐art‐distributed computing bringing about a lot of research. Message transmission is the most important fundamental operation in the accomplishing of scalable and reliable service in P2P networks. In this paper, different message transmission strategies aimed at reducing the amount of querying and thus increasing resource utilization are presented. The advantages of these techniques are that they are simple, have low complexity and are easy to implement. The experimental results show that the proposed methods were successful in reducing network traffic under different unstructured P2P overlay networks. The detailed analysis points out the properties and also suggests an improved message transmission mechanism for different P2P environments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simpler and more accurate throughput analysis of a DS CDMA/unslotted ALOHA system with two user classes based on M/M/infinity queueing model
Authors: Tseng Shu‐Ming , Kuo Yu‐Chin , Chang Yi‐Cheng , Tseng Der‐Feng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe propose that the throughput performance of the DS CDMA unslotted ALOHA system with two user classes is analyzed by the M/M/infinity queueing model without the death rate approximation. The previous scheme uses the M/D/infinity queueing model with the death rate approximation. The new analysis method is simpler than the previous one because four‐dimensional summation is replaced by two‐dimensional summation in the packet success probability calculation. The speed of new analysis program is 250 times faster than that of the previous one. In the numerical results, we consider the cases when the message arrival rates of the two classes are equal or not equal, and the access control is present or not. It shows that the proposed scheme has more accurate analyzed throughput than the previous one does. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an inhibitory antibody fragment to human tissue factor using phage display technology
Authors: Meiring S.M. , Vermeulen J. , Badenhorst P.N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTissue factor is involved in the etiology of thrombotic diseases initiating the thrombosis associated with the inflammation that occurs during infection. The prevention of blood coagulation and inflammation is of primary importance in a number of pathological situations. A single‐chain variable antibody fragment of molecular weight of 26 kD that inhibits the action of human tissue factor was selected by phage display technology, purified and tested for its tissue factor inhibitory effect, purified on a protein A column, and its purity evaluated on SDS‐PAGE. The effects of the antibody fragment on prothrombin times, Factor Xa production, and thrombin generation were assessed with increasing fragment concentrations, using chromogenic and fluorometric substrates. The antibody fragment dose‐dependently prolonged the prothrombin time (IC50=0.5 μM) and delayed the lag phase before the thrombin generation burst and the peak thrombin concentration in the thrombin generation assay. The effect on thrombin generation was more pronounced in thrombophilic plasma than in normal plasma. Antibody‐based tissue factor inhibitors therefore may provide an effective treatment for thrombotic disease without serious bleeding complications. Drug Dev Res 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel implantable collagen–chitosan–soybean phosphatidylcholine composite film for the sustained delivery of mitomycin C
Authors: Hou Zhenqing , Sun Qian , Wang Qian , Han Jing , Wang Yuqian , Zhang Qiqing 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn implantable mitomycin C (MMC) delivery system (MMC‐film), incorporating polylactide (PLA)–MMC nanoparticles in a composite film from blends of collagen–chitosan–soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) with a mass ratio of 4:1:1, was developed and evaluated. PLA–MMC nanoparticles were prepared using an improved emulsion/solvent evaporation technique and then dispersed uniformly within the film to result in a final MMC loading content of 0.8 mg/cm2. Drug release studies were performed in pH 7.4 PBS at 37°C with drug analysis using UV/vis spectrometer at 366 nm. The MMC‐film exhibited more fractional drug release and a longer time to reach release equilibrium as compared with PLA‐MMC nanoparticles. In vivo, the MMC‐film was implanted at subcutaneous tumor sites of hepatoma‐bearing mice, and the curative effect was compared with those of drug‐free film. The growth of the tumors was dose‐dependently inhibited by MMC‐film. Histopathological analysis of specimens taken from tumor tissues harvested indicated that MMC‐film was lethal to hepatoma cells. Additionally, post mortem visual examination and microscopic images showed no sign of internal infection and fibrous encapsulation in any animals after 20 days of implantation of the MMC‐film or drug‐free film. It was concluded that the system provides great potential for local sustained delivery of MMC at the site of tumor or tumor resection for therapeutic purposes. Drug Dev Res 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Switch from a dominant Th1‐associated immune profile during the pre‐diabetic phase in favour of a temporary increase of a Th3‐associated and inflammatory immune profile at the onset of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ryden Anna , Stechova Katerina , Durilova Marianna , Faresjö Maria 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease dominated by loss of self‐tolerance resulting in depletion of the β‐cells. This study aims to confirm previous observations of a dominant T‐helper (Th)1‐like profile during the period close to onset of disease. Further, to follow the immune response from onset to 2 years duration, the study focused on spontaneous as well as autoantigen‐induced immune profile.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected 4 days and 1 and 2 years after diagnosis of T1D children, from healthy children carrying the human leukocyte antigen‐risk genes and from high‐risk children (ICA ≥ 20 IJDF units). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Cytokines and chemokines were detected in cell‐culture supernatants by protein microarray (naive T‐cells; interleukin (IL)‐7, Th1; interferon‐γ, tumour necrosis factor‐β, Th2; IL‐5, Th3; transforming growth factor‐β, T‐regulatory cell type 1; IL‐10 and inflammatory cytokines; tumour necrosis factor‐α, IL‐6 and chemokines; monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, monokine upregulated by IFN‐γ) in relation to clinical outcome (C‐peptide).ResultsHigh‐risk children showed a dominant Th1‐associated profile with high spontaneous and GAD65‐induced secretion. The mitogen PHA instead induced a Th2‐associated response exclusively in high‐risk children. In contrast, newly diagnosed T1D children showed a pronounced Th3‐associated cytokine profile as well as a burst of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines secreted both spontaneously and by GAD65 and PHA stimulation. The immune response to GAD65 and PHA, however, diminished with duration of disease.ConclusionA dominant Th1‐associated immune profile was observed during the pre‐diabetic phase. This Th1 dominance, however, diminished in favour of a temporary increase in a Th3‐associated and inflammatory immune profile at the onset of disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vanadium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides Using Schiff Base Ligands Derived from β‐Amino Alcohols with Two Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Wu Yinuo , Liu Juntao , Li Xingshu , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNovel Schiff base ligands derived from β‐amino alcohols with two stereogenic centers were prepared and used in the preparation of optically pure sulfoxides by using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. A variety of sulfides were smoothly converted into the corresponding sulfoxides catalyzed by the chiral vanadium–Schiff base complex. Good yields (>80 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (>99 % ee) were obtained in most cases. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Fabrication and fluorescence imaging of human low‐density lipoprotein coatings for highly efficient capillary electrophoresis separation of basic proteins
Authors: Yin Junfa , Song Yuling , Wang Zhixin , Wang Hailin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHere we present a unique fabrication of capillary coatings by using a native protein–phospholipid assembly, human low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). By taking advantage of its constituents of apoproteins and phospholipids, two types of LDL coatings (non‐covalent and covalent) were constructed. The non‐covalent LDL coatings were prepared through physical adsorption of its phospholipids on fused silica, and the covalent coatings were prepared through covalent bonding of its apoproteins with the aminopropyl‐modified silica. These coatings were subjected to CE separation of basic proteins (lysozyme, cytochrome c, ribonuclease A, and α‐chymotrypsinogen A). Although both types of the coatings display efficient separation of the four proteins while effectively inhibiting the undesirable adsorption, the covalent LDL coatings provide higher separation efficiency (0.67–2.01×105 theoretical plates/m) and longer coating‐life. Results also reveal that the LDL coatings can hydrophobically interact with proteins and provide options for tuning the separation selectivity of proteins besides their inherent electrophoretic mobility. By using SYPRO Orange staining and fluorescence imaging, the coverage and homogeneity of the LDL coatings along the capillary were further visually characterized. It was found that the coverage of LDL particles in the covalent coatings was much higher than that in the non‐covalent coatings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the enhanced CE protein separation by lipoprotein coating. In virtue of the apoproteins–phospholipids structure, the LDL coatings are potentially useful in various LDL‐related binding studies and complex bio‐analysis.