bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorption of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate to soil components and effects on microbial iron reduction
Authors: Kristiansen Inge Broberg , de Jonge Hubert , Nørnberg Per , Mather-Christensen Ole , Elsgaard Lars 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWhen sewage sludge is applied to arable land, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is released into the environment. In soils, LAS has been shown to impede microbial processes, such as bacterial iron reduction. The aim of the present study was to quantify LAS adsorption and desorption to agricultural soils and iron oxides and relate this to the inhibition of microbial iron reduction. Two agricultural soils were used, namely, Askov (coarse sandy loam soil) and Lundgaard (coarse sandy soil). In both soils, LAS inhibited microbial iron reduction even at low LAS concentrations with 10% effect concentrations of 6 to 7 and 26 to 32 mg LAS/kg dry-weight soil for Lundgaard and Askov soil, respectively. The sorption isotherms showed that sorption of LAS to iron oxides was 10 to 100 times stronger than sorption to the agricultural soils. Also, it appeared that at low LAS concentrations (&lt;10 mg/kg dry-wt soil), Lundgaard soil adsorbed approximately 10 times more LAS than Askov soil. Thus, the inhibitory effect of LAS on microbial iron reduction was highest in the Lundgaard soil, which exhibited both the strongest sorption and the lowest desorption of the two soils. A possible hypothesis to explain this correlation was that LAS toxicity toward bacterial iron reduction was, at least partly, caused by LAS adsorbed to iron oxides, which could interfere with transfer of electrons between the bacteria and their respiratory electron acceptor.
Toward a unified approach to dose–response modeling in ecotoxicology
Authors: Ritz Christian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study reviews dose–response models that are used in ecotoxicology. The focus lies on clarification of differences and similarities between models, and as a side effect, their different guises in ecotoxicology are unravelled. A look at frequently used dose–response models reveals major discrepancies, among other things in naming conventions. Therefore, there is a need for a unified view on dose–response modeling in order to improve the understanding of it and to facilitate communication and comparison of findings across studies, thus realizing its full potential. This study attempts to establish a general framework that encompasses most dose–response models that are of interest to ecotoxicologists in practice. The framework includes commonly used models such as the log-logistic and Weibull models, but also features entire suites of models as found in various guidance documents. An outline on how the proposed framework can be implemented in statistical software systems is also provided. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:220–229. © 2009 SETAC
Evaluation of hexavalent chromium in sediment pore water of the Hackensack River, New Jersey, USA
Authors: Driscoll Susan Kane , McArdle Margaret E. , Plumlee Megan H. , Proctor Deborah 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPore water was collected from in situ passive samplers in Hackensack River sediments adjacent to a chromite ore processing residue site in Kearny, New Jersey. Although the sediments at this site contained more than 3,000 mg/kg of total chromium (Cr) and shallow groundwater adjacent to the shore contained more than 1,000 µg/L of hexavalent Cr [Cr(VI)], concentrations of dissolved total Cr and Cr(VI) in pore water (PW) samples were less than ambient water quality criteria for Cr(VI) (50 µg/L). Concentrations of dissolved total Cr in pore water ranged from &lt;2.0 to 5.3 µg/L, while Cr(VI) was not detected (&lt;10 µg/L). These findings are consistent with previous studies, which demonstrated limited bioavailability and toxicity of Cr in sediment at this site and others with similar conditions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:617–620. © 2009 SETAC
Accumulation and DNA damage in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 2 brominated flame-retardant mixtures, Firemaster® 550 and Firemaster® BZ-54
Authors: Bearr Jonathan S. , Stapleton Heather M. , Mitchelmore Carys L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFiremaster® 550 and Firemaster® BZ-54 are two brominated formulations that are in use as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. Two major components of these mixtures are 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-ethylhexylbenzoate (TBB) and 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (TBPH). Both have been measured in environmental matrices; however, scant toxicological information exists. The present study aimed to determine if these brominated flame-retardant formulations are bioavailable and adversely affect DNA integrity in fish. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were orally exposed to either FM 550, FM BZ54, or the nonbrominated form of TBPH, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) for 56 d and depurated (e.g., fed clean food) for 22 d. At several time points, liver and blood cells were collected and assessed for DNA damage. Homogenized fish tissues were extracted and analyzed on day 0 and day 56 to determine the residue of TBB and TBPH and the appearance of any metabolites using gas chromatography-electron-capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS). Significant increases (p &lt; 0.05) in DNA strand breaks from liver cells (but not blood cells) were observed during the exposure period compared with controls, although during depuration these levels returned to control. Both parent compounds, TBB and TBPH, were detected in tissues at approximately 1% of daily dosage along with brominated metabolites. The present study provides evidence for accumulation, metabolism, and genotoxicity of these new formulation flame retardants in fish and highlights the potential adverse effects of TBB- and TBPH-formulated fire retardants to aquatic species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:722–729. © 2009 SETAC
β‐catenin mediates insulin‐like growth factor‐I actions to promote cyclin D1 mRNA expression, cell proliferation and survival in oligodendroglial cultures
Authors: Ye Ping , Hu Qichen , Liu Hedi , Yan Yun , D'ercole A. Joseph 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBy promoting cell proliferation, survival and maturation insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I is essential to the normal growth and development of the central nervous system. It is clear that IGF‐I actions are primarily mediated by the type I IGF receptor (IGF1R), and that phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)‐Akt kinases and MAP kinases signal many of IGF‐I‐IGF1R actions in neural cells, including oligodendrocyte lineage cells. The precise downstream targets of these signaling pathways, however, remain to be defined. We studied oligodendroglial cells to determine whether β‐catenin, a molecule that is a downstream target of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) and plays a key role in the Wnt canonical signaling pathway, mediates IGF‐I actions. We found that IGF‐I increases β‐catenin protein abundance within an hour after IGF‐I‐induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β. Inhibiting the PI3‐Akt pathway suppressed IGF‐I‐induced increases in β‐catenin and cyclin D1 mRNA, while suppression of GSK3β activity simulated IGF‐I actions. Knocking‐down β‐catenin mRNA by RNA interference suppressed IGF‐I‐stimulated increases in the abundance of cyclin D1 mRNA, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Our data suggest that β‐catenin is an important downstream molecule in the PI3‐Akt‐GSK3β pathway, and as such it mediates IGF‐I upregulation of cyclin D1 mRNA and promotion of cell proliferation and survival in oligodendroglial cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced white matter tracts integrity in children with abacus training
Authors: Hu Yuzheng , Geng Fengji , Tao Lixia , Hu Nantu , Du Fenglei , Fu Kuang , Chen Feiyan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExperts of abacus, who have the skills of abacus‐based mental calculation (AMC), are able to manipulate numbers via an imagined abacus in mind and demonstrate extraordinary ability in mental calculation. Behavioral studies indicated that abacus experts utilize visual strategy in solving numerical problems, and fMRI studies confirmed the enhanced involvement of visuospatial‐related neural resources in AMC. This study aims to explore the possible changes in brain white matter induced by long‐term training of AMC. Two matched groups participated: the abacus group consisting of 25 children with over 3‐year training in abacus calculation and AMC, the controls including 25 children without any abacus experience. We found that the abacus group showed higher average fractional anisotropy (FA) in whole‐brain fiber tracts, and the regions with increased FA were found in corpus callosum, left occipitotemporal junction and right premotor projection. No regions, however, showed decreased FA in the abacus group. Further analysis revealed that the differences in FA values were mainly driven by the alternation of radial rather than axial diffusivities. Furthermore, in forward digit and letter memory span tests, AMC group showed larger digit/letter memory spans. Interestingly, individual differences in white matter tracts were found positively correlated with the memory spans, indicating that the widespread increase of FA in the abacus group result possibly from the AMC training. In conclusion, our findings suggested that long‐term AMC training from an early age may improve the memory capacity and enhance the integrity in white matter tracts related to motor and visuospatial processes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cubic vertex‐transitive graphs of order 2pq
Authors: Zhou Jin‐Xin , Feng Yan‐Quan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA graph is vertex−transitive or symmetric if its automorphism group acts transitively on vertices or ordered adjacent pairs of vertices of the graph, respectively. Let G be a finite group and S a subset of G such that 1∉S and S={s−1 | s∈S}. The Cayleygraph Cay(G, S) on G with respect to S is defined as the graph with vertex set G and edge set {{g, sg} | g∈G, s∈S}. Feng and Kwak [J Combin Theory B 97 (2007), 627–646; J Austral Math Soc 81 (2006), 153–164] classified all cubic symmetric graphs of order 4p or 2p2 and in this article we classify all cubic symmetric graphs of order 2pq, where p and q are distinct odd primes. Furthermore, a classification of all cubic vertex‐transitive non‐Cayley graphs of order 2pq, which were investigated extensively in the literature, is given. As a result, among others, a classification of cubic vertex‐transitive graphs of order 2pq can be deduced. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 285–302, 2010
Hyponatremia in a patient with cryptococcal meningitis: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) or cerebral salt wasting (CSW)?
Authors: Momi Jasminder , Tang Christopher , Abcar Antoine C. , Kujubu Dean A. , Sim John J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractJournal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:193–195. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
The ethics of the hospitalist model
Authors: Rosenbloom Adam Haley , Jotkowitz Alan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe hospitalist model was founded on the premise that it could improve the quality and reduce the cost of hospital care. Many randomized studies have all but definitively proven this original assertion. Nevertheless, the hospitalist specialty raises lingering classical ethical issues: protecting the patient‐physician relationship in an environment of increasing specialization and discontinuity of care, preserving patient autonomy and choice when structural changes are made in the provision of care, and ensuring that a model founded on efficiency and cost‐effectiveness does not erode the public trust in hospitalists to always serve their patients' best interests. This work aims to serve as an update of these initial criticisms, showing how some questions have been answered, while some have not. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:183–188. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Hospitalist physician leadership skills: Perspectives from participants of a leadership conference
Authors: Soong Christine , Wright Scott M. , Howell Eric E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To characterize how the use of behavioral contracts may serve to focus individuals' intentions to grow as leaders.METHODS:Between 2007 and 2008, participants of the Society of Hospital Medicine Leadership Academy courses completed behavioral contracts to identify 4 action plans they wanted to implement based on things learned at the Academy. Contracts were independently coded by 2 investigators and compared for agreement. Content analysis identified several major themes that relate to professional growth as leaders. Follow‐up surveys assessed fulfillment of personal goals.RESULTS:The majority of respondents were male (84; 70.0%), and most were hospitalist leaders (76; 63.3%). Their median time practicing as hospitalists was 4 years, 14 (11.7%) were Assistant Professors, and 80 (66.7%) were in private practice. Eight themes emerged from the behavioral contracts, revealing ways in which participants wished to develop: improving communication and interpersonal relations; refining vision and goals for strategic planning; developing intrapersonal leadership; enhancing negotiation skills; committing to organizational change; understanding business drivers; establishing better metrics to assess performance; and strengthening interdepartmental relationships. At follow‐up, all but 1 participant had achieved at least 1 of their personal goals.CONCLUSIONS:Understanding the areas that hospitalist leaders identify as “learning edges” may inform the personal learning plans of those hoping to take on leadership roles in hospital medicine. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E1–E4. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Exoskeletal chitin scales isometrically with body size in terrestrial insects
Authors: Lease Hilary M. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe skeletal system of animals provides the support for a variety of activities and functions. For animals such as mammals, which have endoskeletons, research has shown that skeletal investment (mass) scales with body mass to the 1.1 power. In this study, we ask how exoskeletal investment in insects scales with body mass. We measured the body mass and mass of exoskeletal chitin of 551 adult terrestrial insects of 245 species, with dry masses ranging from 0.0001 to 2.41 g (0.0002–6.13 g wet mass) to assess the allometry of exoskeletal investment. Our results showed that exoskeletal chitin mass scales isometrically with dry body mass across the Insecta as Mchitin = a M, where b = 1.03 ± 0.04, indicating that both large and small terrestrial insects allocate a similar fraction of their body mass to chitin. This isometric chitin‐scaling relationship was also evident at the taxonomic level of order, for all insect orders except Coleoptera. We additionally found that the relative exoskeletal chitin investment, indexed by the coefficient, a, varies with insect life history and phylogeny. Exoskeletal chitin mass tends to be proportionally less and to increase at a lower rate with mass in flying than in nonflying insects (Mflying insect chitin = −0.56 × M; Mnonflying insect chitin = −0.55 × M), and to vary with insect order. Isometric scaling (b = 1) of insect exoskeletal chitin suggests that the exoskeleton in insects scales differently than support structures of most other organisms, which have a positive allometry (b > 1) (e.g., vertebrate endoskeleton, tree secondary tissue). The isometric pattern that we document here additionally suggests that exoskeletal investment may not be the primary limit on insect body size. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the cypriniform protrusible jaw complex in Danio rerio: Constructional insights for evolution
Authors: Staab Katie Lynn , Hernandez L. Patricia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStudies on the evolution of complex biological systems are difficult because the construction of these traits cannot be observed during the course of evolution. Complex traits are defined as consisting of multiple elements, often of differing embryological origins, with multiple linkages integrated to form a single functional unit. An example of a complex system is the cypriniform oral jaw apparatus. Cypriniform fishes possess an upper jaw characterized by premaxillary protrusion during feeding. Cypriniforms effect protrusion via the kinethmoid, a synapomorphy for the order. The kinethmoid is a sesamoid ossification suspended by ligaments attaching to the premaxillae, maxillae, palatines, and neurocranium. Upon mouth opening, the kinethmoid rotates as the premaxillae move anteriorly. Along with bony and ligamentous elements, there are three divisions of the adductor mandibulae that render this system functional. It is unclear how cypriniform jaws evolved because although the evolution of sesamoid elements is common, the incorporation of the kinethmoid into the protrusible jaw results in a function that is atypical for sesamoids. Developmental studies can show how biological systems are assembled within individuals and offer clues about how traits might have been constructed during evolution. We investigated the development of the protrusible upper jaw in zebrafish to generate hypotheses regarding the evolution of this character. Early in development, the adductor mandibulae arises as a single unit. The muscle divides after ossification of the maxillae, on which the A1 division will ultimately insert. A cartilaginous kinethmoid first develops within the intermaxillary ligament; it later ossifies at points of ligamentous attachment. We combine our structural developmental data with published kinematic data at key developmental stages and discuss potential functional advantages in possessing even the earliest stages of a system for protrusion. J. Morphol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climatic changes since the last deglaciation inferred from a lacustrine sedimentary sequence in the eastern Nanling Mountains, south China
Authors: Zhong Wei , Xue Jibin , Zheng Yanming , Ouyang Jun , Ma Qiaohong , Cai Ying , Tang Xiaohong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo sediment cores recovered from Dahu Swamp, which is located in eastern Nanling Mountains in south China, were selected for investigation of palaeoclimatic changes. Multi‐proxy records of the two cores including lithological variation, organic carbon isotope ratio, dry bulk density, organic matter content, magnetic susceptibility, humification degree, median grain size and geochemical proxies reveal that during the last deglaciation three drier phases correspond to the Oldest, Older and Younger Dryas cooling events, and the intercalated two wetter phases synchronise with the Bølling and Allerød warming events. The Holocene Optimum, which was resulted from a strengthening of the East Asian (EA) summer monsoon, occurred in the early and mid Holocene (ca. 10–6 cal. ka BP). In the mid and late Holocene (ca. 6–3 cal. ka BP), a prevailing dry climate suggested a weakening of the EA summer monsoon. The general trend of Holocene climatic changes in this study agrees with the 25° N summer solar insolation, suggesting that orbitally induced insolation may have played an important role in the Holocene climate in the study region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination and comparison of flavonoids and anthocyanins in Chinese sugarcane tips, stems, roots and leaves
Authors: Li Xinying , Yao Shun , Tu Bin , Li Xue , Jia Chunmei , Song Hang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe flavonoids and anthocyanins in Chinese sugarcane (Saccharum sinensis Roxb.) tips, stems, roots and leaves were separately analyzed by HPLC‐UV diode array detector, respectively. The results indicated that the content of flavonoids in sugarcane leaves was considerably high in comparison with previous reports in Brazil sugarcane (S. officinarum L.) leaves. Moreover, the content of flavonoids in sugarcane tips and roots was also high in comparison with sugarcane stems. For another, the content of anthocyanins in sugarcane roots was higher than that in other parts of the sugarcane, such as leaves, tips and stems. In addition, two anthocyanins, named petunidin 3‐O‐(6″‐succinyl)‐rhamnoside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, were first identified from S. sinensis by HPLC‐UV diode array detector and HPLC‐MS/MS.
HPLC‐DAD methodology for the quantification of organic acids, furans and polyphenols by direct injection of wine samples
Authors: Pereira Vanda , Câmara José S. , Cacho Juan , Marques José C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article proposes a simple and sensitive HPLC method with photo‐diode array detection for the analysis of organic acids, monomeric polyphenols and furanic compounds in wine samples by direct injection. The chromatographic separation of 8 organic acids, 2 furans and 22 phenolic compounds was carried out with a buffered solution (pH 2.70) and acetonitrile as mobile phases and a difunctionally bonded C18 stationary phase, Atlantis dC18 (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. The elution was performed in 12 min for the organic acids and in 60 min for the phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, stilbenes and flavonoids. Target compounds were detected at 210 nm (organic acids, flavan‐3‐ols and benzoic acids), 254 nm (ellagic acid), 280 nm (furans and cinnamic acid), 315 nm (hydroxycinnamic acids and trans‐resveratrol) and 360 nm (flavonoids). The RSD for the repeatability test (n=5) of peak area and retention times were below 3.1 and 0.3%, respectively, for phenolics and below 1.0 and 0.2% for organic acids. The RSDs expressing the reproducibility of the method were higher than for the repeatability results but all below 9.0%. Method accuracy was evaluated by the recovery results, with averaged values between 80 and 104% for polyphenols and 97–105% for organic acids. The calibration curves, obtained by triplicate injection of standard solutions, showed good linearity with regression coefficients higher than 0.9982 for polyphenols and 0.9997 for organic acids. The LOD was in the range of 0.07–0.49 mg/L for polyphenols (cinnamic and gallic acids, respectively) and 0.001–0.046 g/L for organic acids (oxalic and lactic acids, respectively). The method was successfully used to measure and assess the polyphenolic fingerprint and organic acids profile of red, white, rosé and fortified wines.
Study of retention mechanism of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids in HPLC
Authors: Studzińska Sylwia , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRetention mechanism of ionic compounds is still not fully known and investigated. It concerns especially ionic liquids (ILs) and HPLC. In the present study, interactions between imidazolium ILs and stationary phases were investigated in complex manner. For that purpose, five ILs, eight packing materials (with different functional groups bonded to silica surface) and three different pH of mobile phases were chosen. A great variety of applied chromatographic columns, as well as the changes made in mobile phase, allows for the description of retention mechanism. The main interactions responsible for retention process appear to be electrostatic, π–π and hydrophobic. Such complex results are presented for the first time.
Characterization of PEG in monomethyl ethers of PEG by 2‐D LC
Authors: Ahmed Hasnat , Trathnigg Bernd 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPEGs present in samples of the corresponding monomethyl ethers are analyzed by 2‐D LC with LC at critical conditions as the first and liquid adsorption chromatography as the second dimension. The fractions from the first dimension are transferred to the second one by heart‐cutting using a ten‐port valve. The efficiency of the separation is dramatically improved by adding water to the eluate from the first dimension before the switching valve in order to have a weaker eluent in the fraction than that of the second dimension. By this procedure, the fractions are focussed and reconcentrated. The molar mass distribution of the PEG fraction can be determined with good accuracy even at very low amounts of PEG in the PEG‐monomethyl ethers (down to 0.5%).