bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary study of the sensory distribution of the penile dorsal and ventral nerves: implications for effective penile block for circumcision
Authors: Long Ronan M. , McCartan Damian , Cullen Ivor , Harmon Dominic , Flood Hugh D. 
Published: November 2009

Study Type – Aetiology (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo determine the sensory innervation of the penis, as regional anaesthesia is often used either for postoperative analgesia or as the sole anaesthetic technique for circumcision. Since first described in 1978 the dorsal penile nerve block has become the standard technique, but some blocks are ineffective; a better understanding of the sensory innervation of the penis might improve the efficacy of the dorsal penile block technique.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn 13 men undergoing circumcision with local anaesthetic, cutaneous sensation was tested before and after infiltration of the dorsal aspect of the penis, and then again after infiltration of the ventral aspect. The area of anaesthesia was mapped using pin‐prick sensation.RESULTSTen of the 13 patients showed a similar pattern of sensory distribution. After the dorsal block, the dorsal aspect of the shaft of the penis and glans penis became insensate. The ventral aspect of the shaft remained sensate up to and including the frenulum. After successful ventral infiltration all sensate areas became insensate and circumcision proceeded. In one case the frenulum and distal ventral foreskin was anaesthetized after the dorsal block and ventral infiltration was not required. No patient experienced pain during circumcision.CONCLUSIONFor consistently successful regional anaesthesia of the foreskin in circumcision, a dorsal block must be used. This should be combined with ventral infiltration at the site of incision. This method will avoid inconsistencies and allow pain‐free circumcision using local anaesthesia in most men.
Cancer survivorship, mor(t)ality and lifestyle discourses on cancer prevention
Authors: Bell Kirsten 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDespite ongoing controversies regarding the impact of lifestyle factors such as body weight, diet and exercise on health, this framework has become increasingly prominent in understandings of cancer aetiology. To date, little consideration has been given to the impacts of such discourses on people with a history of cancer. Drawing on an ethnographic study of cancer survivors, I explore the constitutive dimensions of these discourses and the ways that they shape the subjectivities of women and men with a history of the disease. Overall, the study participants evidenced a complex and ambivalent engagement with such discourses. While they were generally unwilling to accept that their lifestyle had an impact on the development of their cancer, to varying degrees they endorsed the idea that weight, diet and exercise affected cancer progression. However, this acceptance was generally borne of an active desire to gain control over the uncertainty of living with the disease and was mediated by other aspects of the experience of surviving cancer.
Caring labour, intersectionality and worker satisfaction: an analysis of the National Nursing Assistant Study (NNAS)
Authors: Rakovski Carter C. , Price‐Glynn Kim 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCaring labour in long‐term care settings is increasingly important as the US population ages. Ethnographic research on nursing assistants (NAs) portrays nursing home care as routine and fast paced in facilities that emphasise life maintenance more than care. Recent interview‐based and small quantitative studies describe a mix of positive and negative aspects of NA work, including the rewards of caring, despite shortcomings in working conditions and pay. The current study continues this research but, for the first time, using national data. The 2004 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Nursing Assistant Study (NNAS) provides survey data from 3,017 NAs working in long‐term care facilities across the US. The NNAS results confirm the importance and centrality of caring to NAs’ work. NAs motivated by caring for others were significantly more satisfied with their jobs than those motivated by other reasons, such as convenience or salary. Overall, NAs report surprisingly high job satisfaction, particularly with learning new skills, doing challenging work, and organisational support for caring labour. Areas of dissatisfaction were salary, time for reproductive labour, and turnover. Intersectional analysis revealed race and citizenship played a stronger role than gender in worker satisfaction.
Incomes and Inequality in the Long Run: The Case of German Elderly
Authors: Bönke Timm , Schröder Carsten , Schulte Katharina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe use German Sample Survey income data to examine the income distribution for elderly individuals during the period from 1978 to 2003. The elderly population, defined as people of age 55 and older, is decomposed by people resident in the Old and New Federal States. Further, we distinguish between persons receiving old-age pensions and persons who do not. Inequality estimates are decomposed by income components, and the bootstrap method is used to test for statistical significance of results.
Single‐nucleotide polymorphism (A118G) in exon 1 ofOPRM1gene causes alteration in downstream signaling by mu‐opioid receptor and may contribute to the genetic risk for addiction
Authors: Deb Ishani , Chakraborty Japashish , Gangopadhyay Prasanta Kumar , Choudhury Susanta Roy , Das Sumantra 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe opioid receptor mu1 (OPRM1) mediates the action of morphine. Although genetic background plays an important role in the susceptibility toward abuse of drugs as evident from familial, adoption and twin studies, association of specific single‐nucleotide polymorphisms ofOPRM1gene with narcotic addiction is to be established. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of A118G polymorphism of exon1 of humanOPRM1gene (hOPRM1), with heroin and alcohol addiction, in a population in eastern India. Statistical analysis exhibited a significant association of G allele with both heroin and alcohol addiction with a risk factor ofPtrend < 0.05. The functional significance of G allele in A118G single‐nucleotide polymorphisms was evaluated by studying the regulation of protein kinase A (PKA), pCREB, and pERK1/2 by morphine in Neuro 2A cells, stably transfected with either wild type or A118G mutanthOPRM1. Unlike acute morphine treatment, both chronic morphine exposure and withdrawal precipitated by naloxone were differentially regulated by A118 and G118 receptor isoforms when both PKA and pERK1/2 activities were compared. Results suggest that the association of A118G polymorphism to heroin and alcohol addiction may be because of the altered regulation of PKA and pERK1/2 during opioid and alcohol exposures.
The generalized assortment and best cutting stock length problems
Authors: Raffensperger John F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper introduces two new one‐dimensional cutting stock models: the generalized assortment problem (GAP) and the best cutting stock length (BSL) problem. These new models provide the potential to reduce waste to values lower than the optimum of current models, under the right management circumstances. In the GAP, management has a standard length and can select one or more of any additional custom stock lengths, and management wishes to minimize cutting stock waste. This model is different from existing models that assume that the selection is from a small fixed set of stock lengths. In the BSL problem, management chooses any number of custom stock lengths, but wishes to find the fewest custom stock lengths in order to have zero waste. Results show waste reductions of 80% with just one custom stock length compared with solutions from standard cutting stock formulations, when item lengths are long relative to the stock length. The models are most effective when the item lengths are nearly as long as the stock length. Solutions from the model have been implemented for a manufacturer. The model is easily generalized to allow multiple existing stock lengths and different costs.
Detection of Helicobacter hepaticus in Human Bile Samples of Patients with Biliary Disease
Authors: Hamada Toshihide , Yokota Kenji , Ayada Kiyoshi , Hirai Kazuyuki , Kamada Tomoari , Haruma Ken , Chayama Kazuaki , Oguma Keiji 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:  Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, various enterohepatic Helicobacter spices have been detected in the guts of humans and animals. Some enterohepatic Helicobacters have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease or liver disease in mice. However the association of these bacteria with human diseases remains unknown.Materials and Methods:  We collected 126 bile samples from patients with cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, gallbladder polyp, and other nonbiliary diseases. Samples were screened for the presence of enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. using cultures, nested PCR, or in situ hybridization. We tested for antibodies to H. pylori and H. hepaticus by Western blot analysis.Results:  Attempts at cultivation were unsuccessful. However, H. hepaticus was detected in bile samples with nested PCR whereas H. bilis was not. Helicobacter hepaticus in the bile was confirmed by in situ hybridization, but H. hepaticus from bile samples was coccoid in appearance. We detected immunoglobulin G antibodies to H. hepaticus in bile samples by Western blotting. Helicobacter hepaticus was detected in 40 (32%) of total 126 samples as H. hepaticus positive if at least one of the three methods with nested PCR, in situ, or Western blotting. Patients with cholelithiasis (41%) and cholecystitis with gastric cancer (36%) had significantly higher (p = .029) prevalence of H. hepaticus infection than samples from patients with other diseases.Conclusion:  Helicobacter hepaticus may closely associate with diseases of the liver and biliary tract in humans.
Expression of Ras homologous B protein in the human scalp skin and hair follicles: hair follicle cycle stages‐associated changes
Authors: Adly Mohamed A. , Assaf Hanan A. , Hussein Mahmoud Rezk A. 
Published: November 2009

Background: RhoB belongs to the Ras homologous (Rho) subfamily which consists of low molecular weight mass GTP‐binding proteins. Rho proteins are regulatory molecules that mediate changes in cell shape, contractility, motility and gene expression. Aim: To test the hypothesis that ‘RhoB protein is expressed in the human skin and its expression undergoes hair follicle cycle dependent changes'. To test this hypothesis, we examined the expression of RhoB in the normal human skin and hair follicles (HFs) using immunohistochemical methods. Methods: A total of 50 normal human scalp skin specimens were obtained from 50 females (age: 53–57 years) undergoing elective cosmetic plastic surgery. The specimens were obtained from both frontal and temporal regions of the scalp. A total of 50 HF, (35 anagen, 10 catagen and 5 telogen) were examined in each case using immunohistologic staining methods. Semiquantitative analysis was done. Results: RhoB protein was strongly expressed in the various elements of the human scalp skin and hair follicles. In the epidermis, a moderate RhoB immunoreactivity was found in all layers except stratum corneum where RhoB protein was completely absent. In sebaceous glands, a strong RhoB immunoreactivity was detected in all sebaceocytes. In the hair follicles, the expression of RhoB protein showed hair follicle cycle stages‐associated changes, i.e. strong expression during anagen, but weak and completely absent expressions during catagen and telogen phases, respectively. Semiquantitative analysis revealed statistically significant high expression values (staining intensity, percentage of positive cells and immunoreactivity scores) in the anagen VI hair follicles compared to either cantagen or telogen ones (p < 0.05). Similarly, RhoB protein expression was significantly high in the stratum basale, stratum spinosum and sebaceous glands compared to stratum granulosum (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Here we report, for the first time, the distribution of RhoB protein in the human scalp skin and hair follicles. We also provide the first indication that there are variations in the expression of this protein in the different stages of the hair cycle.Adly M.A, Assaf H.A, Hussein M.R.A. Expression of Ras homologous B protein in the human scalp skin and hair follicles: hair follicle cycle stages‐associated changes
Topical treatment of actinic keratoses with low‐dose 5‐fluorouracil in combination with salicylic acid – pilot study
Authors: Schlaak Max , Simon Jan C. 
Published: November 2009

Summary Background: Actinic keratoses (AK) are carcinomas in situ and can progress to invasive squamous cell carcinomas. Treatment of actinic keratoses can be achieved by physical ablation, chemotherapeutic agents, immunomodulators or photodynamic therapy. Patients and Methods: We conducted a proof of concept study with 15 patients. Overall 66 actinic keratoses were treated with 5‐FU (0.5 %) and salicylic acid (10 %) for 4 weeks (3 times per week). Results: After 12 weeks complete response of 47 AK (77 %), partial response of 13 AK (21 %) and non‐response of 1 AK (2 %) were achieved. Conclusions: Treatment was well tolerated and efficient.
Independence in the toilet activity in children and adolescents with myelomeningocele – managing clean intermittent catheterization in a hospital setting
Authors: Donlau M , Falkmer T 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to identify and describe gross motor, fine motor, executive and time‐processing obstacles for independence in children with myelomeningocele who are treated with Clean Intermittent Catheterization and to relate their opinions about their performance in the toilet activity, and their medical records, to the observed outcome.Methods:  In a hospital setting, 22 children with myelomeningocele were observed using a structured information form while performing their toilet activity, and tested for time processing ability with the Ka‐Tid instrument.Results:  Only five children were independent, despite the fact that 12 of 22 children were completely satisfied with their toilet activity. Neither the degree of motor impairment, nor sex or age had any significant impact on performing the toilet activity. The ability to remain focused on the toilet activity proved to have no relation to age or learning disabilities. The medical records for the children were only able to classify approximately three quarters correctly with respect to independence. The only measurement that could suggest anything in relation to a maintained focus was time processing ability.Conclusion:  The children were unaware of their abilities and limitations. Time processing ability and observations are important factors to assess independence.
Perceptions of vaccine safety in a global context
Authors: Callréus T 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGiven the serious consequences of low vaccine coverage, concerns and misconceptions need to be taken seriously and responded to appropriately to sustain accomplishments of immunization programmes. For parental decisions related to childhood vaccinations, it seems reasonable to assume that the cultural context of the immunization programme is of importance. This article is a short review of some recent studies of parental decision‐making on vaccination in developed countries Kazaktstan, Uzbekistan and Northern Nigeria. Furthermore, an attempt is made to relate the findings in these studies to theoretical models of parental decision‐making.Conclusion:  For the implementation of immunization programmes, it is important to develop an in‐depth understanding of mechanisms underlying decisions to accept or reject the vaccination of a child. Theoretical models may aid in the understanding of these mechanisms.
Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography Angiography Findings Predict Functional Impairment in Patients with Minor Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack
Authors: Coutts S. B. , O'Reilly C. , Hill M. D. , Steffenhagen N. , Poppe A. Y. , Boyko M. J. , Puetz V. , Demchuk A. M. 
Published: November 2009

Introduction Abnormalities on acute magnetic resonance imaging predict outcome in minor stroke and transient ischaemic attack patients. We hypothesised that noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiography findings in minor stroke and transient ischaemic attack patients would also predict functional outcome. Methods We analysed consecutive patients with a transient ischaemic attack or a minor stroke with an National Institute of Health Stroke Scale ≤3 who were assessed with a noncontrast computed tomography and CT angiography of the circle of Willis and neck within 24 h of symptom onset. We assessed the association between clinical or imaging features and functional impairment on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS≥2) at 90 days. Results Among 457 patients, the median baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 1. Median time from symptom onset to noncontrast computed tomography was 278 min (interquartile range 151–505) and median delay from noncontrast computed tomography to CT angiography was 3 min (interquartile range 0–13). At 90 days, 57 patients (12·5%) had a mRS ≥2. Clinical factors that were associated with functional impairment were age ≥60 years (RR 2·05 CI95 1·16–3·64) and baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score >0 (RR 3·23 1·72–6·06). All the assessed computed tomography parameters (acute stroke on noncontrast computed tomography and intracranial or extracranial stenosis or occlusion) were individually predictive of functional impairment. A composite computed tomography imaging ‘at risk’ metric, defined by acute stroke on noncontrast computed tomography, Circle of Willis intracranial vessel occlusion or ≥50% stenosis, extracranial occlusion or ≥50% stenosis, was associated with poorer outcome (RR 2·92 CI95 1·81–4·71). Conclusions The presence of an acute stroke on noncontrast computed tomography or an intracranial or extracranial occlusion or stenosis was associated with an increased risk of functional impairment. Multi-modal computed tomography could be used to identify high-risk transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke patients.
Prehypertension is associated with atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: TAN Jiao‐Rong , CHEN Yu‐Hong , BI Yu‐Fang , XU Min , HUANG Yun , DAI Meng , NING Guang , LI Xiao‐Ying 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:  Prehypertension is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between prehypertension and atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the impact of prehypertension on atherosclerosis in T2DM.Methods:  Patients (n = 930) with T2DM were recruited for the present study from the outpatient clinic of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. The intima–media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) was determined using ultrasound and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was determined by volume plethysmography to assess atherosclerosis.Results:  Of the 930 patients with T2DM (mean age of 59 years), 167 were categorized as normotensive, 213 were prehypertensive, and 550 were hypertensive. Diabetic subjects with prehypertension had significantly higher CCA‐IMT and baPWV than those with normal blood pressure after adjustment for age and gender. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with normotension, prehypertension was a significant independent determinant of atherosclerosis (for maximum IMT ≥1.1 mm, odds ratio (OR) 2.10 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–3.44; for baPWV ≥1400 cm/s, OR 3.09 and 95% CI 1.78–5.36).Conclusion:  Prehypertension is associated with atherosclerosis independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM patients. We speculate that maintenance of systolic blood pressure <120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure <80 mmHg may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in T2DM.
Ascorbic Acid Potentiation of Arsenic Trioxide Anticancer Activity Against Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Yedjou Clement , Thuisseu Laurette , Tchounwou Christine , Gomes Maria , Howard Carolyn , Tchounwou Paul 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIntroduction.  Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a malignant disorder of the white blood cells. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been used as a therapeutic agent to treat APL and other tumors. Studies suggest that ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation may improve the clinical outcome of As2O3 for APL patients. Our aim was to use human leukemia (HL‐60) APL‐cells as an in vitro test model to evaluate the effect of physiologic doses of AA on As2O3‐induced toxicity and apoptosis of HL‐60 cells.Methods.  HL‐60 cells were treated either with a pharmacologic dose of As2O3 alone and with several physiologic doses of AA. Cell survival was determined by trypan blue exclusion test. The extent of oxidative cell/tissue damage was determined by measuring lipid hydroperoxide concentration by spectrophotometry. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin‐V and propidium iodide (PI) staining.Results.  AA treatment potentiates the cytotoxicity of As2O3 in HL‐60 cells. Viability decreased from (58 ± 3)% in cells with As2O3 alone to (47 ± 2)% in cells treated with 100 µM AA and 6 µg/mL As2O3 with P < 0.05. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in lipid hydroperoxide concentrations in HL‐60 cells co‐treated with AA compared to As2O3 alone. Flow cytometry assessment (Annexin V FITC/PI) suggested that AA co‐treatment induces more apoptosis of HL‐60 cells than did As2O3 alone, but this was not statistically significant. Taken together, our experiment indicates that As2O3 induced in vitro cell death and apoptosis of HL‐60 cells. Administration of physiologic doses of AA enhanced As2O3‐induced cytotoxicity, oxidative cell/tissue damage, and apoptosis of HL‐60 cells through externalization of phosphatidylserine.Conclusions.  These suggest that AA may enhance the cytotoxicity of As2O3, suggesting a possible future role of AA/As2O3 combination therapy in patients with APL.
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the ascending colon with prominent rhabdoid features: A case report
Authors: Kim Jeana , Lee Kyungji , Seo Kyung‐Jin , Lee Heejeong , Kim Tae‐Eun , Lee Kyo‐Young , Jung Eun Sun 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTColorectal adenocarcinoma with rhabdoid features is extremely rare and only three cases have been previously reported. We report a 62‐year‐old man who presented with general weakness and poor oral intake for 6 months, and showed multiple masses at the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and the ascending colon. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy with small bowel segmental resection. Microscopically, the tumor masses were characterized by incohesive sheet of neoplastic cells with vesicular nuclei, large nucleoli, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong reactivity of the tumor cells for pan‐cytokeratin, anti‐endomysial antibodies (EMA) and vimentin. This was a case of undifferentiated carcinoma with prominent rhabdoid feautures arising in the ascending colon with multiple gastrointestinal metastases.
Effect of Shear Deformation and Rotatory Inertia on Dynamic Buckling
of Elastic Plates
Authors: Birman V. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The influence of shear deformation and rotatory inertia on dynamic response of elastic rectangular plates subject to in-plane loads increasing with time is discussed using Mindlin’s plate theory. The qualitative effect of those factors on transverse displacements is estimated. It is shown that this effect becomes essential only if the plate is thick and the number of half-waves along the plate axes in the deformation mode is large.