bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in recruitment of transversus abdominis correlate with disability in people with chronic low back pain
Authors: Ferreira P H , Ferreira M L , Maher C G , Refshauge K , Herbert R D , Hodges P W 
Published: May 2009

ObjectivesAlthough motor control exercises have been shown to be effective in the management of low back pain (LBP) the mechanism of action is unclear. The current study investigated the relationship between the ability to recruit transversus abdominis and clinical outcomes of participants in a clinical trial.MethodsUltrasonography was used to assess the ability to recruit transversus abdominis in a nested design: a sample of 34 participants with chronic LBP was recruited from participants in a randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of motor control exercise, general exercise and spinal manipulative therapy. Perceived recovery, function, disability and pain were also assessed.ResultsParticipants with chronic LBP receiving motor control exercise had a greater improvement in recruitment of transversus abdominis (7.8%) than participants receiving general exercise (4.9% reduction) or spinal manipulative therapy (3.7% reduction). The effect of motor control exercise on pain reduction was greater in participants who had a poor ability to recruit transversus abdominis at baseline. There was a significant, moderate correlation between improved recruitment of transversus abdominis and a reduction in disability (r = −0.35; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.62).ConclusionThese data provide some support for the hypothesised mechanism of action of motor control exercise and suggest that the treatment may be more effective in those with a poor ability to recruit transversus abdominis.
MICROTUBULE-KINESIN MECHANICS BY MOLECULAR MODELING
Authors: SONCINI MONICA , VOTTA EMILIANO , APRODU IULIANA , ENEMARK SØREN , REDAELLI ALBERTO , DERIU MARCO A. , MONTEVECCHI FRANCO M. 
Published: May 2009

The cellular cytoskeleton contains microtubules which function both as fundamental structural elements as well as motor protein tracks. While the structural property is connected to the properties of the tubulin dimer, its interactions with surrounding dimers and the geometric organization within the microtubule, the transport track properties are related to the interactions between the tubulin dimer and kinesin. Based on the atomistic structures of kinesin and the tubulin dimer, we used molecular modeling to examine the interaction energy and force as function of a spatial distance of separation. From the results, elastic constants describing the system stiffness are obtained. By using the results related to the structure alone, a model of a 1 μm long microtubule is constructed as a network of elastic elements, and its mechanical properties were obtained via finite element method and compared to experimental results. Concerning microtubule-kinesin complex, the interaction strength during a complete cycle of ATP hydrolysis was investigated. As expected, the affinity between the proteins is modulated by the type of nucleotide occupying the nucleotide binding pocket of the motor protein. The work underscores how molecular modeling can provide fundamental protein information in terms of the relation between mechanical properties and structural changes.
The Beatific Vision in the Sentences Commentary of Gerald Odonis
Authors: Duba William 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The most studied source for Gerald Odonis' doctrine of the beatific vision is the text of his Advent 1333 disputed question known as his Quodlibet. The polemic nature of the question and its structural idiosyncrasies have led to difficulties in interpreting Odonis' theory of the “middle vision” of the divine essence that the separate souls of the blessed have, as well as in understanding his defense of Pope John XXII's controversial opinion (which excludes such a middle vision). By relating Odonis' 1333 disputation to his earlier commentary on the Sentences, most notably his systematic discussion of the beatific vision in book IV, this paper shows how Odonis tried to fit his doctrine of the “middle vision” with his previous discussion, which itself reflects the influence of the 1317 publication of the acts of the 1311-12 Council of Vienne.
The White Lady Travels: Narrating Fez and Spacing Colonial Authority in Edith Wharton's In Morocco
Authors: Simour Lhoussain 
Published: May 2009

AbstractForegrounding Orientalism as a system of thought that has produced constructed images and disfigured discourses about Europe's Other, this paper is primarily concerned with the practice of delineating landscape and manipulating the space of Fez in Edith Wharton's In Morocco. It starts with a rereading of Edward Said's model of analysis and then moves to an investigation into how this travel narrative displays, vulgarizes, and reproduces one of the strategies characteristic of colonial discourse: the mapping of the colonial space, specifically through the inscription of self and Other power relations, fueled up by a will to knowledge and control over new territories. It also attempts to read Wharton's narrative against Sara Mills' argument, which claims that it is gender rather than genre that is at the genesis of colonial heterogeneity.
The Socialization of Female Islamists: Paternal and Educational Influence
Authors: Barnett Carolyn 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMany women have played an important role in Islamic renewal as advocates and activists within Islamist movements and parties. Women's participation is of particular interest, given the reputation of these groups as insufficiently supportive of women's rights. The specific influences and experiences that lead women to approach their own empowerment through Islam and to reform Islamist movements from within have been neglected. This article investigates some of the important influences on two prominent female Islamists: Heba Raouf Ezzat, Professor of Political Science at Cairo University, and Nadia Yassine, founder and head of the women's branch of the Moroccan movement Justice and Spirituality (JSA). First and foremost, it overviews the circumstances in which prominent women in Egypt and Morocco have asserted themselves in the past century, highlighting the consistent importance of paternal influence and the expansion of access to education, as well as the evolving role of religion and religious discourse in arguments for women's rights. This article discusses the role of paternal influence and schooling as agents of political socialization, pointing out that scholars have underestimated the important role that fathers play in strongly patriarchal societies and the ability of schools in former colonies to produce anti colonial and nationalist political sentiments. It then turns to Ezzat and Yassine themselves, presenting in detail the influence their fathers and foreign schools had on their political socialization. Both fathers held progressive views on women's education, but they differed in their specific political views, such as their attitude towards Islamism, and the extent to which they sought to transfer their political views to their daughters. This article ends by discussing the role of foreign education in Ezzat's and Yassine's socialization and identity construction, emphasizing the importance of encounters with racist and condescending attitudes as a contributing factor to women's search for Islamic alternatives.
'For the Benefit of Ordinary People': the Dutch Translation of the Fasciculus medicinae, Antwerp 1512
Authors: Coppens Christian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe article deals with the Dutch translation of the Fasciculus medicinae based on the Latin edition, Venice 1495, with the famous woodcuts created in 1494 for the Italian translation of the original Latin edition of 1491. The woodcuts are compared with the Venetian model. New features in the Antwerp edition include the Skeleton and the Zodiac Man, both originally based on German models. The text also deals briefly with other woodcuts in the Low Countries based on these Venetian illustrations. The Appendices provide an STC of all the editions and translations based on the Venetian edition and a stemma.
The Growth of International Shipping in the Arctic: Is a Regulatory Review Timely?
Authors: Chircop Aldo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article is set against the backdrop of the fundamental physical change in the Arctic and the prospect of increased international shipping, including prospects for new international maritime routes through that region. The multiple levels of governance bearing on Arctic shipping and the need for a review of international maritime rules and standards to facilitate their application to future Arctic navigation are discussed. It is concluded that regional cooperation, inclusion of non-Arctic States in shipping governance, and a uniform set of rules and standards for ship safety and marine environmental protection are needed.
The Protection and Sustainable Exploitation of Genetic Resources of the High Seas from the European Union's Perspective
Authors: Beslier Serge 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper examines how marine biodiversity and genetic resources in the high seas can be protected and whether their exploitation should be regulated. As to their protection, it raises the question whether existing sectoral approaches should continue or to create a new mechanism based on an integrated approach. In accordance with the European Union's position, the latter is favoured, while acknowledging that several States still have reservations and question the need for new legal instruments. Concerning the necessity of a regulatory scheme governing their exploitation, existing mechanisms under the Law of the Sea Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity are examined and it is concluded that they are not applicable or do not provide for specific rules on this issue. It is further presumed that the resulting absence of a clear framework is acceptable because the potential of commercial exploitation is still uncertain, so that there will only be scientific research without vital negative impact on the marine environment in the near future. It is suggested that the international community should rather focus on defining the legal status of genetic resources and clarifying whether they belong to the common heritage of mankind and require a benefit-sharing system, as proposed by developing countries.
Specific Regulations for Shipping and Environmental Protection in the Arctic: The Work of the International Maritime Organization
Authors: Blanco-Bazán Agustín 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article reviews the work of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) with regard to the adoption of international rules on safety of navigation and prevention of marine pollution. The recommendatory IMO Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic Ice-Covered Waters are discussed. The relationship between coastal State legislation under Article 234 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the main IMO safety and anti-pollution treaties is analyzed. It concludes that the former should neither contradict nor overlap with the latter.
Climate Change, Conflicts and Cooperation in the Arctic: Easier Access to Hydrocarbons and Mineral Resources?
Authors: Mager Diethard 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGlobal mineral and hydrocarbon commodity markets have been marked by substantial price increases since 2003. Because of the long lead times of raw materials extraction projects (the time period from exploration to the start-up of production), market observers anticipate a sustained period of high prices, which is likely to last several more years. These high market prices make the extraction of raw materials in frontier areas like the Arctic increasingly interesting. This is even more the case given that the retreat of the Arctic ice cap, due to the warming of the climate in recent decades, could make it substantially easier to develop deposits of raw materials. In addition, the northern sea routes—both the Northeast and Northwest Passages—could be used to create new infrastructures for international trade flows and to tap new opportunities for maritime commerce. Given the significant economic potential of the Arctic, it is essential for all stakeholders to build stronger networks and to establish structures for communication and the settlement of disputes.
The Arctic in Play: Governance in a Time of Rapid Change
Authors: Young Oran 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe current wave of interest in Arctic affairs has struck with startling speed and remarkable force. Fueled by the writings of pundits asking provocative questions (e.g., “who owns the Arctic?”), this wave has now captured the attention of policymakers and begun to trigger policy responses (e.g., the May 2008 Ilulissat Declaration from the five Arctic coastal states). This article examines these developments from the perspective of governance, raising questions about underlying drivers, the identity of relevant stakeholders, the framing of issues for consideration in policy settings, and the extent to which a new regime for the Arctic Ocean or an even more ambitious legally binding convention or treaty for the whole Arctic region is needed. The general conclusion is that many proposals on offer in this realm are simplistic but that there is a strong case for taking a number of pragmatic steps to address specific problems of governance in the far North during an era of rapid change.
Determination of the Outer Continental Shelf Limits and the Role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
Authors: Reichert Christian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) came into force in 1994. Under its provisions coastal states have the right to delineate the outer limits of the juridical continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. This article outlines how to provide evidence and obtain the official recommendation by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. Examples of difficulties that may occur under particular circumstances due to complex terminology of the related LOSC provisions are described. Possible implications for the Arctic Ocean are presented.
Messianism in Linear and Cyclical Contexts
Authors: Jongeneel Jan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Messiah figure originates from the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. In a linear setting it interprets his person and work politically, spiritually, and apocalyptically. The New Testament applies this Hebrew concept spiritually and apocalyptically to Jesus of Nazareth: he is unrepeatably and irreversibly the Messiah/Christ of both Jews and gentiles. In the Qu'ran Jesus is known as al-Masih, but there this term merely functions as a name. However, the Islam points to the coming of the Mahdi figure at the end of the times, comparable with the Second Coming in Christianity. Therefore, the Messiah/Christ/Mahdi figure, as a unique figure, is at home in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These monotheistic religions place him, each in their own way, in a linear frame. In modern times cultural anthropologists and other scholars in the humanities have extended the use of the terms 'Messiah' and 'Messianism' to figures and phenomena in cyclical contexts. They do not hesitate to speak about 'the Hindu Messiah' and 'Buddhist Messianism'. The present article explores the nature of both the cyclical and linear views of time and history, investigates the birth and growth of Messianism in these specific settings, with special reference to modern developments, and compares the linear concepts of the Messiah and Messianism with the cyclical ones. At the end the article questions whether the cyclical and linear views of the Messiah and Messianism can be harmonized by the use of the spiral as bridge.
Music and Meditation: Songs in Johannes Mauburnus's Rosetum exercitiorum spiritualium
Authors: Hascher-Burger Ulrike 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Rosetum exercitiorum spiritualium et sacrarum meditationum of Johannes Mauburnus is considered the most extensive and influential treatise on meditation in the circles of the late Devotio Moderna. It was printed in five editions from the late fifteenth to the early seventeenth century. Besides instructions for numerous meditations of varying length, this treatise contains seven religious songs which were intended to stir up the emotions and facilitate the correct disposition for meditation. These songs were created as contrafacts, meaning that the newly composed texts were sung to well-known melodies of liturgical hymns and religious songs. In song rubrics, Mauburnus gives precise instructions about their function as an aid to summoning the motivation for the great number of spiritual exercises that had to be accomplished by the adherents of the Devotio Moderna every day. A unique feature of the Rosetum is the combination of a concrete meditation with a corresponding written song. These songs have not yet been examined systematically. The texts were edited by Guido Maria Dreves in Analecta hymnica on the basis of the edition printed in Paris in 1510. The melodies have not yet been reconstructed. In this article, the seven contrafacts are studied for the first time from the point of view of their structure and function, and their melodies are reconstructed on the basis of liturgical sources associated with the Devotio Moderna.
The Latin Liturgical Song Subtitled. Middle Dutch Translations of Hymns and Sequences
Authors: Desplenter Youri 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article aims to provide insight into the nature, distribution and function of certain Middle Dutch translations of Latin hymns and sequences that originated in the circles of the Devotio Moderna. Unlike the vernacular versions in (most) Middle Dutch lay breviaries, which were used as texts for prayer in the context of private devotion, the translations in what I refer to as “vernacular mass and office books” functioned as subtitles to the Latin liturgy. This type of book was primarily intended for canonesses regular, religious women who had to attend the liturgical services of the Divine Office and of Mass, but had not (fully) mastered Latin. Mass and office books originated in the eastern part of the northern Netherlands, whereas the lay breviaries were intended for tertiaries from the western side of the diocese of Utrecht. These women, who followed the rule of the Third Order of St Francis, were not obliged to attend the liturgical services. In order to illustrate the nature and function of the mass and office books, the article focuses on the books of the canonesses regular of St Agnes's in Maaseik.
The Contribution of Componential Analysis to the Semantic Analysis of a Lexical Field of Ancient Hebrew: Some Concrete Examples from the Lexical Field of the Substantives of Gift
Authors: Zanella Francesco 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to highlight the main theoretical features of the semantic methodology known as “componential analysis of meaning” (CA), especially focusing on their heuristic relevance in their application to Ancient Hebrew (AH). The elucidation of the theoretical principles and importance of CA will be carried out with a continuous and concrete reference to meaningful examples from the lexical field (LF) of the substantives of “gift” in Ancient Hebrew. As a derived effect, the present paper will also demonstrate that CA can be considered as a theory that actually produces positive results (viz. problem solving, explanatory coherence as well as innovative data). As far as the future scientific role of CA is concerned, it is in fact crucial to insist on the coherence between CA's theoretical principles, its results and its aims—i.e. to claim that CA is a theory. In this regard, in the final part of this paper I will try to describe briefly what the future challenges for CA could be: I will refer in particular to the opportunity of drawing cultural conclusions in the light of the purely linguistic data that are provided by CA, without necessarily removing it from its structuralist constraints. The present paper will be developed into four specific sections: (a) The first—preliminary—section will briefly describe the main theoretical notions of CA. (b) The second part will focus on the analysis and the explanation of the theoretical grounds and the concrete procedures of CA. (c) The third section will provide specific examples from the LF of the substantives of “gift” in order to show the heuristic relevance of CA, especially in cases when problem solving and explanatory coherence are required. (d) The fourth section will try to illustrate what the future challenges for CA could be.
Structure of Stratospheric Wave Responses to ENSO Convection
Authors: Weare Bryan C. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Generalized maximum covariance analysis (GMCA) has been developed and applied to diagnosing the relationships between ENSO tropospheric heating variations and tropical stratospheric waves. GMCA identifies the most important patterns of covariability between interannual tropospheric heating variations and eddy zonal and meridional velocities, temperatures, and ozone mixing ratios in the tropics between 200 and 10 hPa. The first two sets of GMCA time coefficients have variations that are strongly related to ENSO and are highly correlated at a lag of about a year. The diagnosed spatial patterns have broad wavenumber 1 characteristics, which are associated with ENSO. These dominant modes of heating variations are linked to a rich three-dimensional pattern of stratospheric eddy perturbations over a wide range of lags. Generally, all major features propagate slowly to the east along with the tropospheric heating anomaly. In addition there is strong vertical coherence such that the strongest anomalies tilt westward from the bottom to the top of the domain. This tilt is associated with propagating wavenumber-1 gravity waves. The patterns are such that, in the lower stratosphere, regions of divergence, corresponding to upward motion, are associated with lower temperatures and reduced ozone mixing ratios and vice versa. These findings are consistent with adiabatic cooling of rising low–ozone concentration tropospheric air. Evidence suggests that the analyzed eddy variations of temperatures and winds are contributing to systematic changes in the zonal mean circulation.