bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pricing of surgeries for colon cancer
Authors: Dor Avi , Koroukian Siran , Xu Fang , Stulberg Jonah , Delaney Conor , Cooper Gregory 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study examined effects of health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration, hospital competition, and patient severity on the uptake of laparoscopic colectomy and its price relative to open surgery for colon cancer.METHODS:The MarketScan Database (data from 2002‐2007) was used to identify admissions for privately insured colorectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic or open partial colectomy (n = 1035 and n = 6389, respectively). Patient and health plan characteristics were retrieved from these data; HMO market penetration rates and an index of hospital market concentration, the Herfindahl‐Hirschman index (HHI), were derived from national databases. Logistic and logarithmic regressions were used to examine the odds of having laparoscopic colectomy, effect of covariates on colectomy prices, and the differential price of laparoscopy.RESULTS:Adoption of laparoscopy was highly sensitive to market forces, with a 10% increase in HMO penetration leading to a 10.9% increase in the likelihood of undergoing laparoscopic colectomy (adjusted odds ratio = 1.109; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.062, 1.158) and a 10% increase in HHI resulting in 6.6% lower likelihood (adjusted odds ratio = 0.936; 95% CI = 0.880, 0.996). Price models indicated that the price of laparoscopy was 7.6% lower than that of open surgery (transformed coefficient = 0.927; 95% CI = 0.895, 0.960). A 10% increase in HMO penetration was associated with 1.6% lower price (transformed coefficient = 0.985; 95% CI = 0.977, 0.992), whereas a 10% increase in HHI was associated with 1.6% higher price (transformed coefficient = 1.016; 95% CI = 1.006, 1.027; P < .001 for all comparisons).CONCLUSIONS:Laparoscopy was significantly associated with lower hospital prices. Moreover, laparoscopic surgery may result in cost savings, while market pressures contribute to its adoption. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Fractionated radioimmunotherapy with 90Y‐clivatuzumab tetraxetan and low‐dose gemcitabine is active in advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ocean Allyson J. , Pennington Kenneth L. , Guarino Michael J. , Sheikh Arif , Bekaii‐Saab Tanios , Serafini Aldo N. , Lee Daniel , Sung Max W. , Gulec Seza A. , Goldsmith Stanley J. , Manzone Timothy , Holt Michael , O'Neil Bert H. , Hall Nathan , Montero Alberto J. , Kauh John , Gold David V. , Horne Heather , Wegener William A. , Goldenberg David M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated that the humanized clivatuzumab tetraxetan (hPAM4) antibody targets pancreatic ductal carcinoma selectively. After a trial of radioimmunotherapy that determined the maximum tolerated dose of single‐dose yttrium‐90‐labeled hPAM4 (90Y‐hPAM4) and produced objective responses in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal carcinoma, the authors studied fractionated radioimmunotherapy combined with low‐dose gemcitabine in this disease.METHODS:Thirty‐eight previously untreated patients (33 patients with stage IV disease and 5 patients with stage III disease) received gemcitabine 200 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks with 90Y‐hPAM4 given weekly in Weeks 2, 3, and 4 (cycle 1), and the same cycle was repeated in 13 patients (cycles 2‐4). In the first part of the study, 19 patients received escalating weekly 90Y doses of 6.5 mCi/m2, 9.0 mCi/m2, 12.0 mCi/m2, and 15.0 mCi/m2. In the second portion, 19 additional patients received weekly doses of 9.0 mCi/m2 or 12.0 mCi/m2.RESULTS:Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia or neutropenia (according to version 3.0 of the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) developed in 28 of 38 patients after cycle 1 and in all retreated patients; no grade >3 nonhematologic toxicities occurred. Fractionated dosing of cycle 1 allowed almost twice the radiation dose compared with single‐dose radioimmunotherapy. The maximum tolerated dose of 90Y‐hPAM4 was 12.0 mCi/m2 weekly for 3 weeks for cycle 1, with ≤9.0 mCi/m2 weekly for 3 weeks for subsequent cycles, and that dose will be used in future trials. Six patients (16%) had partial responses according to computed tomography‐based Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and 16 patients (42%) had stabilization as their best response (58% disease control). The median overall survival was 7.7 months for all 38 patients, including 11.8 months for those who received repeated cycles (46% [6 of 13 patients] ≥1 year), with improved efficacy at the higher radioimmunotherapy doses.CONCLUSIONS:Fractionated radioimmunotherapy with 90Y‐hPAM4 and low‐dose gemcitabine demonstrated promising therapeutic activity and manageable myelosuppression in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term neurotoxicity effects of oxaliplatin added to fluorouracil and leucovorin as adjuvant therapy for colon cancer: Results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trials C‐07 and LTS‐01
Authors: Kidwell Kelley M. , Yothers Greg , Ganz Patricia A. , Land Stephanie R. , Ko Clifford Y. , Cecchini Reena S. , Kopec Jacek A. , Wolmark Norman 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Neurotoxicity from adjuvant treatment with oxaliplatin has been studied in patients with colorectal carcinoma in short‐term studies, but, to the authors' knowledge, the current article is the first long‐term assessment which reports the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) investigation of whether excess neurotoxicity persists beyond 4 years.METHODS:As part of a colorectal cancer long‐term survivor study (LTS‐01), long‐term neurotoxicity was assessed in 353 patients on NSABP Protocol C‐07 (cross‐sectional sample). Ninety‐two of these patients from LTS‐01 also had longitudinal data and were reassessed 5 to 8 years (median, 7 years) after random assignment (longitudinal sample). Contingency tables compared cohorts, a mixed model compared neurotoxicity between treatments over time, and a Wilcoxon rank‐sum test compared neurotoxicity between treatments (cross‐sectional sample).RESULTS:In the cross‐sectional sample, the increase in mean total neurotoxicity scores of 1.8 with oxaliplatin was statistically significant (P = .005), but not clinically significant (a minimally important difference of 4 was reported at the long‐term assessment). Patients who received oxaliplatin had increased odds of numbness and tingling in hands (odds ratio, 2.00; P = .015) and feet (odds ratio, 2.78; P < .001) versus patients who did not receive oxaliplatin. The magnitude of the oxaliplatin effect varied with time (P < .001) in the longitudinal sample, such that the oxaliplatin‐treated group did not have significantly greater total neurotoxicity scores by 7 years.CONCLUSIONS:At the long‐term endpoint, there was no clinically significant increase in total neurotoxicity scores for patients who received oxaliplatin, but the specific neurotoxicities of numbness and tingling of the hands and feet remained significantly elevated for oxaliplatin‐treated patients. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
An analysis of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter‐1, ribonucleoside reductase subunit M1, ribonucleoside reductase subunit M2, and excision repair cross‐complementing gene‐1 expression in patients with resected pancreas adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fisher Sarah B. , Patel Sameer H. , Bagci Pelin , Kooby David A. , El‐Rayes Bassel F. , Staley Charles A. , Adsay N. Volkan , Maithel Shishir K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Tumor overexpression of excision repair cross‐complementing gene‐1 (ERCC1) may be associated with decreased survival in patients with pancreas adenocarcinoma (PAC). Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter‐1 (hENT1) and ribonucleoside reductase subunits M1 and M2 (RRM1 and RRM2) are integral to cellular transport and DNA synthesis and are implicated as poor prognostic factors in other malignancies. To the authors's knowledge, their role in PAC is not defined.METHODS:A prospective database was used to randomly select 95 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for PAC between January 2000 and October 2008. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tumor samples for hENT1, RRM1 and RRM2, and ERCC1. Main outcomes were recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).RESULTS:The median follow‐up, RFS, and OS were 49 months, 10.6 months, and 15.5 months, respectively. The median tumor size was 3 cm. Approximately 26% of patients had positive microscopic margins, 61% had lymph node involvement, and 88% and 45% had perineural and lymphovascular invasion, respectively. High tumor expression of hENT1, RRM1, RRM2, and ERCC1 was present in 85%, 40%, 17%, and 16%, respectively, of patients. High hENT1 expression was associated with reduced RFS (9.5 months vs 44.5 months; P = .029), but not with OS. RRM1 expression was not associated with survival. High RRM2 expression was associated with reduced RFS (6.9 months vs 16.0 months; P < .0001) and decreased OS (9.1 months vs 18.4 months; P < .0001). High ERCC1 expression was associated with reduced RFS (6.1 months vs 15 months; P = .04) and decreased OS (8.9 months vs 18.1 months; P = .03). After accounting for known adverse tumor factors, high expression of RRM2 and ERCC1 persisted as negative prognostic factors for RFS and OS. A subset analysis of patients who received adjuvant therapy (n = 74) revealed the same negative effect of high RRM2 and ERCC1 expression on RFS and OS.CONCLUSIONS:High tumor expression of RRM2 and ERCC1 are associated with reduced RFS and OS after resection of pancreas cancer. These biomarkers may help to personalize adjuvant therapy. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
A profiling based task scheduling approach for multicore network processors
Authors: Tang Feilong , You Ilsun , Tang Can , Yu Shui 
Published: May 2012

SummaryMulticore network processors have been playing an increasingly important role in computational processes, which emphasize on scalability and parallelism of the systems, in distributed environments especially in Internet‐based delay‐sensitive applications. It is an important but unsolved issue, however, to efficiently schedule tasks in network processors with multicore and multithread for improving the system throughput as much as possible. Profiling can gather runtime environment information and guide the compiler to optimize programs through scheduling tasks based on the runtime context. This paper proposes a profiling‐based task scheduling approach, targeting on improving the throughput of multicore network processor (Intel IXP) systems in the balanced pipeline way. In this work, we investigate a profiling‐based task scheduling framework, a task scheduling algorithm, and a set of performance models. Our task allocation scheme maps tasks onto the pipeline architecture and multiple threads of network processors in parallel, which incorporates the profiling context and global thread refinement. We evaluate our task scheduling algorithm by implementing representative network applications on the Intel IXP network processor. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm is able to schedule tasks in a balanced pipeline fashion and achieve the high throughput and data transmission rate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocurrent Response of Surface‐Functionalized Metal Oxides with Well‐Matched Energy Levels: From Nothing to Something
Authors: Yang Shengxue , Ma Huiyan , Luo Yunqing , Gong Jian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn recent years, an enormous amount of research has been devoted to the study of photosensitive materials from both fundamental and practical viewpoints, due to their wide applications in photocatalytic1–3 and optoelectronic devices,4, 5 ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors,6–9 photoswitch microdevices,10, 11 light‐emitting diodes,12, 13 photovoltaic devices,14–16 and photoelectrochemical cells.17 Metal oxides, such as ZnO, TiO2, SnO2, and NiO have been the most investigated photosensitive materials.3, 6–8, 18–21 To enhance and take full advantage of their photosensitivity, functionalizing their surface with a polymer that has a high light absorption ability has become one of the widely used methods.1–12, 22–24 For example, Z. L. Wang et al. reported that the UV photocurrent of a ZnO nanobelt‐based sensor was enhanced by close to five orders of magnitude after functionalizing its surface with polystyrene sulfate which has a high UV absorption ability.25 T. Sasaki et al. reported the assembly of a TiO2 nanoparticle film with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(4‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT‐PSS) through layer‐by‐layer fabrication in the nanometer scale. The electric conductivity of the TiO2 composite films could be tuned by UV and visible (Vis) light.22 Thus, sunlight or photon energy can be used and transformed to electrical energy by UV‐photosensitive metal oxides after their surfaces have been functionalized with a dye that has a high Vis absorption ability. To date, most of the dye‐sensitized solar cells are based on the surface functionalization of UV‐photosensitive metal oxides by dyes.26–28 However, to the best of our knowledge, all of the reports on surface functionalization enhanced only the UV photosensitivity of the metal oxide. In other words, this method has been used exclusively to enhance the UV photocurrent in metal oxides that already have UV‐photosensitive properties, but not to induce UV photocurrent in metal oxides that have no UV‐photosensitive properties. In fact, to the best of our knowledge, there are no surface‐functionalizing reports on inducing UV or Vis photocurrent in metal oxides that have no UV‐ or Vis‐photosensitive properties.
Scaling‐Up Microbial Fuel Cells: Configuration and Potential Drop Phenomenon at Series Connection of Unit Cells in Shared Anolyte
Authors: Kim Daehee , An Junyeong , Kim Bongkyu , Jang Jae Kyung , Kim Byung Hong , Chang In Seop 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo scale‐up microbial fuel cells (MFCs), installing multiple unit cells in a common reactor has been proposed; however, there has been a serious potential drop when connecting unit cells in series. To determine the source of the loss, a basic stack‐MFC (BS‐MFC) has been devised, and the results show that the phenomenon is due to ions on the anode electrode traveling through the electrolyte to be reduced at the cathode connected in series. As calculated by means of the percentage potential drop, the degree of potential drop decreased with an increase in the unit‐cell distance. When the distance was increased from 1 to 8 cm, the percentage potential drop in BS‐MFC1 decreased from 46.76±0.90 to 45.08±0.70 % and in BS‐MFC2 from 46.41±0.95 to 43.82±2.23 %. As the p‐value of the t‐test was lower than 0.05, the difference was considered significant; however, if the unit cells are installed far enough from each other to avoid the potential drop phenomenon, the system will be less dense, consequently reducing the ratio of electrode area per volume of anode compartment and decreasing the power density of the system. Finally, this study suggests design criteria for scaling‐up MFC systems: Multiple‐electrode‐installed MFCs are modularized, and the unit cells are connected in series across the module (connecting each unit cell does not share the anolyte).
Wolves are Mobile, While Fruit Trees are not! How Characteristics of Resources and Supranational Regulatory Frameworks Shape the Provision of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Germany
Authors: Thiel Andreas , Schleyer Christian , Plieninger Tobias 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper scrutinizes determinants of regional‐level institutions regulating the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Two cases of maintaining ecosystem services, provided by quite different resource systems, are compared: the protection of wolves and the management of a high nature value agroforestry system, scattered fruit tree meadows. Taking an abductive approach, we suggest that the distinct characteristics of resources – in particular the mobility of resource units – and differences in the overarching European regulatory framework – the obligation to protect wolves versus voluntary compensation payments to maintain scattered fruit tree meadows – largely explain the existing institutional structures at regional level. Cost‐effectiveness considerations concerning the transaction costs of governance seem to act as determinants for the design and implementation of regional institutions. Livestock depredated by wolves is protected by a liability rule and hierarchical governance structures. In turn, maintenance of scattered fruit trees is subject to a property rule and voluntary long‐term agreements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Phenolic profiles of Turkish olives and olive oils
Authors: Yorulmaz Aslı , Poyrazoglu Ender S. , Ozcan Mehmet Musa , Tekin Aziz 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPhenolic compound distribution of Turkish olive cultivars and their matching olive oils together with the influence of growing region were investigated. One hundred and one samples of olives from 18 cultivars were collected during two crop years from west, south and south‐east regions of Turkey. The olives were processed to oils and both olive and olive oil samples were evaluated for their phenolic compound distribution. The results have shown that main phenolics of Turkish olives were tyrosol, oleuropein, p‐coumaric acid, verbascoside, luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside, rutin, trans cinnamic acid, luteolin, apigenin, cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside and cyanidin 3‐O‐rutinoside. Oleuropein and trans cinnamic acid were present in higher amounts among all phenolics. Principal component analyses showed that the growing region did not have drastic effect on phenolic profile of olives. The major phenolic compounds of olive oils were tyrosol, syringic acid, p‐coumaric acid, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, trans cinnamic acid, luteolin and apigenin. Luteolin is a predominant phenolic compound in almost all oil samples. Total phenol concentrations of Southeast Anatolian oils were found to be lower than those of the other regions.
Kinetics and mechanism of the hydrogenation process – the state of the art
Authors: Dijkstra Albert J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt is just over a century ago that the first industrial hydrogenation plant for edible oils was commissioned. Although at that time several fatty acids had been identified, the analytical characterization of these oils was mainly by physical properties like melting point, density and refractive index and chemical properties like saponification value and iodine value. Some of these properties were used to follow a hydrogenation reaction. Early kinetic studies of the hydrogenation reaction focused on triglycerides but with the advent of GC, fatty acid compositions became so readily available, that kinetic studies switched to the ‘common fatty acid pool’ concept. According to this concept, the rate of reaction of an unsaturated fatty acid in a triglyceride molecule does not depend on the chemical nature of the other fatty acid moieties in this molecule. The concept greatly simplified the understanding of what happens during a hydrogenation reaction and thereby stimulated research. It took more than 50 years before this concept was shown to be an incorrect assumption. Kinetic studies of the hydrogenation process have also been hampered by the lack of an instrument that can measure the hydrogen concentration in oil. That may well be the reason why this concentration has received rather little attention and that its effect on the relative rates of the various, simultaneously proceeding reactions has only fairly recently become clear. Accordingly, the present review will describe the mechanism of the various reactions that occur during the hydrogenation process and highlight the effect of the hydrogen concentration and the triglyceride composition rather than that of the fatty acid composition. It will discuss industrial process conditions rather than laboratory conditions and therefore limit itself to nickel catalysts. It will also paint the most simple picture that is consistent with generally accepted observations.
Chemoenzymatic Preparation of 1‐Heteroarylethanamines of Low Solubility
Authors: Brem Jürgen , Bencze László‐Csaba , Liljeblad Arto , Turcu Mihaela C. , Paizs Csaba , Irimie Florin‐Dan , Kanerva Liisa T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBoth enantiomers of biologically and pharmaceutically interesting benzofuran‐, benzothiophen‐, and phenylfuran‐based 1‐heteroarylethanamines were prepared at close to theoretical yields by using Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) catalyzed (R)‐selective N‐acylation with isopropyl butanoate (enantiomeric ratio E > 200). The use of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) as a cosolvent (1:30) in isopropyl butanoate solved the problem of low solubility of the compounds. Instability of the heterocyclic ring systems against traditional acid‐ and base‐catalyzed hydrolysis was solved by using Candida antarctica lipase A as a commercial CAL‐A‐CLEA preparation for deprotection of the N‐acylated (R) enantiomers in water. The slow, highly enantioselective (E > 200) hydrolyses of racemic butanamides was also observed in the presence of Novozym 435.
Cognitive Engineering of Automated Assembly Processes
Authors: Mayer Marcel Ph. , Odenthal Barbara , Faber Marco , Winkelholz Carsten , Schlick Christopher M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA cognitive control unit (CCU) for automated assembly systems aims to simulate human information processing at a rule‐based level of cognitive control. Focusing on the subtask of monitoring, a cognitive engineering approach for the design of the procedural knowledge base of the CCU is presented and a human‐centered simulation model of assembly processes on the basis of the cognitive architecture SOAR is introduced. The overall objective is to design and develop the system to conform to operators' expectations. To identify human assembly strategies to be included in the CCU, an empirical study with n = 16 participants was conducted and validated by an independent investigation with n = 25 persons. Furthermore, simulation models incorporating certain subsets of production rules were developed and evaluated regarding their goodness of prediction of human assembly behavior. The results show that the rule sets have a significant effect on the predictive power. The highest prediction accuracy was obtained with all identified assembly rules integrated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Asymptotic Existence of Resolvable Group Divisible Designs
Authors: Chan Justin H. , Dukes Peter J. , Lamken Esther R. , Ling Alan C.H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA group divisible design (GDD) is a triple which satisfies the following properties: (1) is a partition of X into subsets called groups; (2) is a collection of subsets of X, called blocks, such that a group and a block contain at most one element in common; and (3) every pair of elements from distinct groups occurs in a constant number λ blocks. This parameter λ is usually called the index. A k‐GDD of type is a GDD with block size k, index , and u groups of size g. A GDD is resolvable if the blocks can be partitioned into classes such that each point occurs in precisely one block of each class. We denote such a design as an RGDD. For fixed integers and , we show that the necessary conditions for the existence of a k‐RGDD of type are sufficient for all . As a corollary of this result and the existence of large resolvable graph decompositions, we establish the asymptotic existence of resolvable graph GDDs, G‐RGDDs, whenever the necessary conditions for the existence of ‐RGDs are met. We also show that, with a few easy modifications, the techniques extend to general index. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Combin. Designs 21: 112–126, 2013