bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The splitting relation for Fréchet spaces over non-archimedean fields
Authors: Śliwa Wiesław 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.
A complete valued field

(
K
,
|
·
|
)

$(K, |\cdot |)$

is non-archimedean if its valuation satisfies the strong triangle inequality

|
a
+
b
|
≤
max
{
|
a
|
,
|
b
|
}

$|a+b|\le \max \lbrace |a|, |b|\rbrace $

for all

a
,
b
∈
K

$a,b \in K$

. We say that a pair (E,F) of Fréchet spaces over a non-archimedean field 𝕂 is splitting if for every Fréchet space G over 𝕂 and for every closed subspace D of G such that D is isomorphic to F and G/D is isomorphic to E, we can infer that the subspace D is complemented in G. In this paper we study when a pair (E,F) of Fréchet spaces of countable type over 𝕂 is splitting. In particular, we show that a pair

(

A
s

(
a
)

,

A
r

(
b
)

)

$(A_s(a), A_r(b))$

of power series spaces over 𝕂 is splitting if and only if

s
=
∞

$s=\infty $

or

s
=
1

$s=1$

and the set

M

a
,
b

$M_{a,b}$

of all finite limit points of the double sequence

(

a
p

/

b
q

)

p
,
q
∈
ℕ

$(a_p/b_q)_{p,q\in \mathbb {N}}$

is bounded.
On the norm of the Lp
-Fourier transform
on compact extensions of ℝ
n
Authors: Baklouti Ali , Inoue Junko 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This paper aims to prove that
the norm of the Lp
-Fourier transform of the semidirect product

ℝ
n

⋊
K

$\mathbb {R}^n\rtimes K$

is A

p

n
, where

1
<
p
≤
2

$1 &lt; p \le 2$

,

q
=
p
/
(
p
-
1
)

$q=p/(p-1)$

,

A
p

=

p

1

2
p

q

-
1

2
q

$A_p=p^{\frac{1}{2p}}q^{\frac{-1}{2q}}$

,
and K stands for a compact subgroup of automorphisms of ℝ
n
. An extremal function is given by an extension of a Gaussian function. Besides, as an example of non-compact extension, the universal covering group
of the Euclidean motion group of the plane is also treated
and an estimate of the norm is obtained.
The Ext functor and self-sums
Authors: Albrecht Ulrich , Breaz Simion , Schultz Phill 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship
between the Abelian groups G with

Ext
(
G
,

G

(
κ
)

)
=
0

${\operatorname{Ext}(G,G^{(\kappa )}) = 0}$

and
those satisfying

Ext

(
G
,

G

(
κ
)

)

≅
Ext

(
G
,
G
)

(
κ
)

${\operatorname{Ext}(G,G^{(\kappa )})\cong \operatorname{Ext}(G,G)^{(\kappa )}}$

for various cardinals κ. In particular, we will give the
structure of self-Ext-small groups. Our results answer several
open problems, and give new proofs of known theorems concerning

⊕

$\oplus $

-splitters, tilting groups and finitely faithful
S-groups.
Smooth global solutions for the two-dimensional Euler Poisson system
Authors: Jang Juhi , Li Dong , Zhang Xiaoyi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.
The Euler–Poisson system is a fundamental two-fluid model to describe the dynamics
of the plasma consisting of compressible electrons and a uniform ion background. By
using the dispersive Klein–Gordon effect, Guo (1998) first constructed a global
smooth irrotational solution in the three-dimensional case. It has been conjectured that
same results should hold in the two-dimensional case. The main difficulty in 2D comes from
the slow dispersion of the linear flow and certain nonlocal resonant obstructions in the nonlinearity. In this paper we develop a new method to overcome these difficulties and
construct smooth global solutions for the 2D Euler–Poisson system.
Pitch Carbon-coated Lithium Sulfide Electrode for Advanced, Lithium-metal Free-sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kim Junghoon , Hassoun Jusef , Panero Stefania , Sun Yang-Kook , Scrosati Bruno 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work we report the properties and characteristics of a pitch carbon-coated lithium sulfide material. We show that this material behaves as a very promising electrode in liquid glyme-based and in solid poly(ethylene oxide) PEO-based electrolyte lithium cells. Particular relevant is the response obtained in the solid-state configuration where a capacity approaching the theoretical value of the full Li
Substituent effect on the aromaticity of 1,3-azole systems
Authors: Gümüş Selçuk , Türker Lemi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The effects of substituent type and position on the aromaticity of certain derivatives of oxazole, imidazole and thiazole have been theoretically investigated by using density functional theory at the levels of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) methods. The second heteroatom substitution decreases aromaticity of furan, pyrrole and thiophene. The decreased aromaticity is gained back to some extent by the substitution of strong electron withdrawing groups or atoms (NO2 and F). Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) data have been considered to determine the aromaticity of the systems. The most effective substitution to enhance the aromaticity has been calculated to be at position 4. The variation of the bond lengths of the main skeleton supports the findings through NICS calculations. The frontier molecular orbital energies have also been reported to draw a general correlation between these energies and the aromaticity of the system.
Arylboronic acids with strong fluorescence intensity changes upon sugar binding
Authors: Laughlin Sarah , Wang Yingji , Ni Nanting , Wang Binghe 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Boronic acids play an important role in the design and synthesis of chemosensors for carbohydrates due to their ability to reversibly bind with diol-containing compounds. In this regard, the availability of boronic acids that change fluorescence upon sugar binding is crucial for a successful sensor design endeavor. Herein, we report two boronic acids that show strong fluorescent intensity changes upon sugar binding: isoquinoline-7-boronic acid (7-IQBA) and phenoxathiin-4-boronic acid (4-POBA).
An efficient KHSO4 catalyzed synthesis of xanthenes
Authors: Reddy Nemallapudi Bakthavatchala , Rao Kunda Uma Maheswara , Sundar Chereddy Syama , Nayak Sandip Kumar , Reddy Cirandur Suresh 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
KHSO4 is an efficient catalyst for the condensation of β-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione at 100°C to afford 9,9-dimethyl-12-phenyl-8,10,11,12-tetrahydro-9H-benzo[a]xanthen-11-one derivatives in 80–95% yields.
Synthesis of new aza crown macrocycles and lariat ethers
Authors: Ebrahimi Sattar , Moghanian Hassan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Aza crown macrocycles 3a,b were synthesized in good yield by condensation reaction of 1,3- and 1,4-bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)alkanes 1a,b with bis-aldehydes 2a,b. Reactions of 3a,b with methyl or benzyl iodide furnished the target lariat ethers 4a–d.
On a Combinatorial Conjecture
Authors: Cusick Thomas W. , Li Yuan , Stănică Pantelimon 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecently, Tu and Deng proposed a combinatorial conjecture about binary strings, and, on the assumption that the conjecture is correct, they obtained two classes of Boolean functions which are both algebraic immunity optimal, the first of which are also bent functions. The second class gives balanced functions, which have optimal algebraic degree and the best nonlinearity known up to now. In this paper, by using three different approaches, we prove the conjecture for many cases. We also propose some problems about the weight equations which are related to this conjecture. Because of the scattered distribution, we predict that an exact count is difficult to obtain, in general.
Humoral Immunologic Responses in Idiopathic Juvenile Periodontitis (Periodontosis),
Authors: Nisengard R. J. , Newman M. N. , Myers D. , Horikoshi A. 
Published: March 2012

Humoral responses were examined in idiopathic juvenile periodontitis (IJP) including antibody titers to representative strains of the five groups of periodontosis‐associated bacteria. Titers as determined by indirect immunofluorescence were compared in IJP, non‐IJP family members, periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. Serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were also assayed. Antibody titers to the periodontosis‐associated bacteria were generally low. Some disease specificity was observed in that titers to Groups II and III bacteria were highest in IJP. These titers in IJP were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in the other subjects. Titers to Group I bacteria were similar in all periodontal groups except the periodontally healthy subjects where titers were the lowest. Titers to Group I bacteria were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in the periodontally healthy subjects. Titers to Groups IV and V were uniformly low in all periodontal groups.Immunoglobulin concentrations of IgA, IgM and IGE were similar in IJP and non‐IJP. The IgG concentrations in IJP, while within the normal range were significantly higher in IJP compared to non‐IJP family members.
Experimental Gingivitis in Humans: A Clinical and Histologic Investigation
Authors: Seymour G. J. , Powell R. N. , Aitken J. F. 
Published: March 2012

An experimental gingivitis study was carried out to relate the clinical parameters (plaque and gingival index) to the histologic appearance of the associated gingival lesions. Fifteen third‐year dental students took part in the study. Following the withdrawal of oral hygiene, biopsies were taken on days 0, 4, 8 and 21 of the experimental period.A statistically significant association was found between the plaque and gingival indices and the various time intervals throughout the experimental period (P < 0.001). At day 0, although all sites had a GI of 0, all but 2 of the 15 specimens showed some degree of inflammation. Histologically, these lesions consisted of over 60% lymphocytes, while plasma cells comprised less than 5% of the infiltrating population. Although the degree of inflammation increased both clinically and histologically throughout the experimental period, the nature of the infiltrate did not change significantly. Lymphocytes remained as the dominant cell type. In fact, no association was seen between the degree of inflammation and the nature of the infiltrating cells.
Relationship Between Proximal Tooth Open Contacts and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Jernberg Gary R. , Bakdash M. Bashar , Keenan Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2012

One hundred four adult subjects (mean age 42.8 years, SD = 16.3 years) with unilateral open contacts were assessed interproximally for periodontal status at both the open and contralateral closed contact. An open contact was defined by unrestricted passage of unwaxed dental floss through the interproximal area. Gingival index, crevicular bleeding, probing depth, attachment level, debris, calculus and tendency for food impaction in each study area were recorded.Less debris was seen at open contacts (P < 0.001). However, increased probing depth (0.27 mm, P = 0.002) and attachment loss (0.48 mm, P < 0.001) were found at the open contacts. Small but statistically significant relationships were observed between side to side differences in food impaction and both probing depth (P = 0.005) and attachment level (P = 0.006). Differences in calculus index and attachment level were associated similarly (P = 0.003).
The Effect of an Air‐Powder Abrasive System on in Vitro Root Surfaces
Authors: Atkinson D. Ross , Cobb Charles M. , Killoy William J. 
Published: March 2012

An air‐powder abrasive system, the Prophy‐Jet model C‐100, is now available for use by the dental community. However, its use has been restricted to cleaning enamel surfaces of stain and dental plaque.The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the effects of this air‐powder abrasive system on root surfaces of extracted human teeth. Thus, root surfaces of 20 teeth were covered with a template consisting of a metal band with a centrally located 2‐mm diameter hole. The banded root surfaces, under controlled conditions, were exposed to the air‐powder abrasive for 30 seconds. The resulting defects were measured by using a light microscope equipped with a graduated focus knob.Three teeth were randomly selected for examination by scanning electron microscopy and one was selected for histologic evaluation by light microscopy. Untreated extracted teeth were used as controls. In addition, one untreated tooth root was exposed to the air‐powder abrasive without use of the template. In this instance, a brush stroke was used for approximately 1 minute, as might be done in a clinical situation. This tooth root was also examined by scanning electron microscopy.The Prophy‐Jet air‐powder abrasive system removed an average of 636.6 μm of root structure in 30 seconds of exposure time. The resulting surface was smooth, free of connective tissue fibers and debris, and all cementum was removed. Few open dentin tubules were observed since most appeared to have been obliterated. The powder crystals, as viewed by scanning electron microscopy, were sharp‐pointed, somewhat elongated and of varying lengths.The Prophy‐Jet air‐powder abrasive system appears to have considerable potential for treatment of periodontally diseased root surfaces. However, its use should be tempered by the results of this and future research and sound clinical judgment.
Salivary Immunoglobulins in Patients With Juvenile Periodontitis and Their Healthy Siblings
Authors: Sandholm Leena , Grönblad Eva 
Published: March 2012

The concentrations of the salivary immune‐globulins IgA, IgG and IgM were determined with a solid phase radioimmunoassay in the unstimulated whole saliva of 21 patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP), their 27 healthy siblings and 17 healthy age‐matched controls.In the JP group the concentrations of IgA were increased, averaging 188 ± 32.5 (SE) mg/L as compared with the mean of 139 ± 21.2 mg/L in their healthy siblings and 130 ± 24.5 mg/L in the controls. An elevation was found in the amount of IgG in the JP patients: 45.6 ± 12.5 mg/L as compared with 18.1 ± 5.9 mg/L in the siblings and 21.0 ± 5.6 mg/L in the controls. The mean IgM was 22.5 ± 5.4 mg/L in the JP group, 13.3 ± 2.9 mg/L in the siblings and 8.7 ± 1.6 mg/L in the controls, indicating an increase of IgM in the JP group and the siblings.A significant difference was found in the mean IgM values in the juvenile periodontitis group when compared to the control group. (0.02 > P > 0.01).
Focal Facial Inflammation of the Attached Gingiva
Authors: Baer Paul N. , Archard Howell O. , Klingsberg Jules 
Published: March 2012

An unusual gingivitis noted as a discrete lesion involving the facial attached gingiva in a focal and confined area has been described in two adolescent females. A unique histopathologic appearance includes a striking intraepithelial edema associated with a focal area of acute and chronic inflammation.Inconclusive immunologic study of one patient indicated an epithelial‐connective tissue immune complex deposition suggestive of but not typical of that seen in pemphigoid.
The Effectiveness of Hand Versus Ultrasonic Instrumentation in Open Flap Root Planing
Authors: Hunter Ronald K. , O'Leary Timothy J. , Kafrawy Abdul H. 
Published: March 2012

The primary purpose of the study was to determine if, with an open flap approach, ultrasonic or hand instrumentation could remove all calculus from previously untreated teeth with moderate to severe loss of attachment. To be included in the study, teeth had to have at least 5 mm of attachment loss, be scheduled for extraction and be graded 2 or 3 on the Calculus Index of the Periodontal Disease Index system. Under local anesthesia, fullthickness, envelope‐type flaps were elevated apical to the crest of bone to allow access to the root surfaces which were then treated with hand or ultrasonic instrumentation until the roots felt hard and smooth to a Hartzell explorer. The teeth were then removed, rinsed, and lightly scrubbed to remove debris and a No. 14 wheel bur was used to place a groove along the coronal extent of the connective tissue attachment. A stereomicroscope at magnification × 4.6 was used to quantitate the percentage of residual calculus on 25 teeth treated by each method. Overall, hand‐scaled root surfaces demonstrated less residual calculus (5.78%) than ultrasonically treated surfaces (6.17%). Twenty teeth treated by each method were then prepared for histologic evaluation and evaluated under the light microscope at magnification × 100 for residual calculus and relative smoothness. Residual calculus was found on four ultrasonically and 12 hand‐treated teeth and was almost evenly distributed between anterior and posterior teeth for both methods. The finding of considerably less calculus on histologic than on stereomicroscopic examination may have been due to the loosening of deposits by instrumentation, especially ultrasonic vibration, and their subsequent release during histologic preparation.Among the hand‐scaled teeth, of 244 surfaces evaluated 138 (56.6%) were considered smooth, and 106 (43.4%) were graded rough. Among the ultrasonically scaled teeth, of 256 surfaces evaluated, 48 (18.8%) were smooth and 208 (81.2%) were rough.
Pocket Epithelium Removal via Crestal and Subcrestal Scalloped Internal Bevel Incisions
Authors: Liten Joyce M. , O'Leary Timothy J. , Kafrawy Abdel H. 
Published: March 2012

This study assessed the extent of pocket epithelium removal by crestal and subcrestal scalloped inverse bevel incisions during mucoperiosteal flap surgery. Fifty‐six gingival biopsies were obtained from 52 participants, who had extractions of periodontally involved teeth. Sulcular incisions which severed the epithelial attachment served as controls. Experimental scalloped internal bevel incisions were made: (1) at the gingival crest extending apical to the osseous crest (crestal incision) and (2) 1 to 2 mm apical to the gingival margin extending apical to the osseous crest (subcrestal incision). In the two procedures the initial incisions were followed by sulcular incisions to sever the epithelial attachment. After both crestal and subcrestal incisions full thickness flaps were reflected, pocket contents were removed, and flaps were replaced against the teeth. Gingival biopsies were then obtained from control and experimental sites followed by extraction of teeth.All specimens were processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined for residual pocket epithelium.Control incisions eliminated pocket epithelium in two of 20 specimens. Crestal incisions eliminated pocket epithelium in 11 of 25 areas, while subcrestal incisions eliminated pocket epithelium in 13 of 25 areas. All 10 papillary areas treated by crestal incisions and 8 of the 10 papillary areas treated by subcrestal incisions displayed residual pocket epithelium. Neither crestal nor subcrestal scalloped internal bevel incisions consistently eliminated all pocket epithelium.
Variations in Subgingival Microflora From Healthy and Intervention Sites Using Probing Depth and Bacteriologic Identification Criteria
Authors: Greenwell Henry , Bissada Nabil F. 
Published: March 2012

This investigation studied the changes in probing depths and subgingival microbial flora of clinically healthy and diseased sites before and after scaling and root planing.Thirty‐six sites in 18 individuals were studied in two groups of patients, Group I (9 patients) had received no periodontal surgery, while group II had received surgery within the previous 4 years. Neither group had had professional prophylaxis or scaling and root planing within the previous 6 months. Group I had an average probing depth of ≥5 mm and group II had an average of ≤4 mm. Scaling and root planing was performed on both groups at the beginning of the experiment and all patients were instructed in oral hygiene. Plaque and gingival indices, gingival fluid measurements, probing depths and dark field microscopic examination of subgingival plaque were evaluated immediately before scaling and root planing (baseline) and then once every 2 weeks for 2 months.For descriptive analysis of the data, all sites in both groups were classified according to probing depth or bacteriologic criteria. Sites with either ≥85% nonmotile bacteria or ≤4 mm probing depth were presumed “healthy” and others were considered “diseased.”Results following scaling and root planing showed that: (1) microflora from diseased sites tended to return to baseline after 4 to 8 weeks, (2) sites that were presumed healthy according to bacteriologic criteria exhibited no change in the flora and (3) there was an increase in the proportion of nonmotile bacteria in sites with probing depths of ≤4 mm.These data support the concept of site‐specific variation in the subgingival microflora of patients susceptible to periodontitis.
Identification of Langerhans Cells in Human Gingival Epithelium
Authors: DiFranco Charles F. , Toto Patrick D. , Rowden Geoffrey , Gargiulo Anthony W. , Keene Joseph J. , Connelly Eileen 
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this study was (1) to qualitatively compare three recent techniques of Langerhans cell detection in oral epithelium and (2) to quantitatively compare Langerhans cells in clinically normal and clinically inflamed human gingival biopsies.Eleven subjects were selected who displayed chronic periodontitis and moderate gingival inflammation. A quadrant associated with clinically inflamed tissues was not treated, while the remaining teeth were scaled and root‐planed. Two gingival biopsies were taken: clinically normal, treated tissue; and clinically inflamed, untreated tissue. Langerhans cells were stained using HLA‐DR, S‐100 and OKT6. They were quantitated using a standardized grid for OKT6‐stained sections only. Approximately 5 times as many Langerhans cells were identified in the biopsy specimens of clinically inflamed human gingiva as in clinically normal gingiva of the same patient. Of the methods studied, OKT6 was qualitatively determined to be the best for visualization of these cells. An immunologic role in the host response to chronic periodontal disease is postulated for Langerhans cells.
Determination of the Presence of Root‐Bound Endotoxin Using the Local Shwartzman Phenomenon (LSP)
Authors: Ito Koichi , Hindman Robert E. , O'Leary Timothy J. , Kafrawy Abdel H. 
Published: March 2012

The purpose of these studies was to determine, by attempting to elicit the local Shwartzman phenomenon (LSP), if the material extracted from periodontally involved root surfaces is actually endotoxin or only an endotoxin‐like substance.A total of 719 periodontally involved teeth and 201 unerupted third molars yielded pooled samples of root surface grindings which were treated with the endotoxin extraction technique of Westphal and Jann. The resultant extracts were reconstituted with sterile, isotonic, nonpyrogenic saline or pyrogen‐free water.In the first study each of the reconstituted extracts was injected into the right palatal gingiva of New Zealand white rabbits which had demonstrated the ability to elicit an LSP. Commercial Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin was injected into the left (control) palatal gingiva. This was followed 18 hours later by a provoking injection of 200 to 300 μg S enteritidis endotoxin in a marginal ear vein. In the second study, reconstituted extracts were injected into the right side of the abdomen of New Zealand white rabbits. The left (control) side received varying amounts of S enteritidis endotoxin. Twelve hours later each animal received a provoking injection of 400 μg of S enteritidis endotoxin in a marginal ear vein. In both studies the animals were examined 6 hours later for visual signs of an LSP. After sacrifice, the tissues were prepared and histologic sections evaluated by two examiners who were unaware of how the specimens had been treated.The results indicated that a heat‐stable, phenol‐water extractable and highly irritating substance could be obtained from periodontally involved root surfaces. However, it is questionable if the substance extracted was actually endotoxin. If a true endotoxin, it was present only in extremely small amounts.