bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Outcomes of Anterior Spinal Fusion for Cervical Compressive Myelopathy—A Retrospective Review
Authors: Tsz-King Suen , Kwok-Ho Wong , Yuen-Fong Ho 
Published: July 2011

Background This study examined the prognostic factors that affect the surgical outcome of anterior spinal fusion in patients with cervical compressive myelopathy (CCM). Methods A retrospective review of the result of surgical treatment in 49 cases of CCM using anterior spinal fusion surgical techniques. The study period was from June 1990 to June 2008, with a mean followup of 6.57 years. Seven patients died during the followup period because of other medical diseases. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for cervical myelopathy and recovery rate were used to assess the functional results of the remaining 42 cases. Results A mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association score improvement from 10.21 to 14.23 points after the operation was observed. The overall recovery rate was 65.38%, with excellent or good results of 80%. After a year of followup, we did not find significant improvement or deterioration on the neurological status on further followup. Acute complications were not common. One patient underwent reoperation because of slipping of the graft during resuscitation after early postoperative acute myocardial infarction. This patient showed postoperative neurological deterioration. Two patients had subsidence of the graft, three had pseudoarthrosis, and two had graft resorption. There were also three patients with degenerative changes of the adjacent vertebra. No reoperation was done for patients with these late complications in this review. Conclusion Anterior cervical decompression with bone fusion is a viable surgical option for patients with one level of anterior cervical cord compression, especially for patients with kyphosis or straight canal spine. For patients with two- to three-level involvement, anterior cervical decompression with bone fusion provides good functional result in proper selection of cases. We also identified some prognostic factors (male sex, symptoms less than 1 year, and age less than 70 years) in predicting a favourable outcome of anterior spinal fusion for CCM.
Ecological stability during the LGM and the mid-Holocene in the Alpine Steppes of Tibet?
Authors: Miehe Georg , Miehe Sabine , Bach Kerstin , Kluge Jürgen , Wesche Karsten , Yongping Yang , Jianquan Liu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractArid and Alpine ecosystems are known for extreme environmental changes during the Late Quaternary. We hypothesize that the world's largest Alpine arid ecosystem however, the Alpine Steppes of the Tibetan highlands, remained ecologically stable during the LGM and the mid-Holocene. This hypothesis is tested by distributional range of plant species, plant life forms and rate of endemism. The set of character species has a precipitation gradient between 50 and 350 mm/a, testifying for resilience to precipitation changes. 83% of the species have a wider vertical range than 1000 m used as a proxy for resilience to temperature changes. 30% of the species are endemic with 10 endemic genera, including plate-shaped cushions as a unique plant life form. These findings are in line with palaeo-ecological proxies (δ18O, pollen) allowing the assumption that Alpine Steppes persisted during the LGM with 3 to 4 K lower summer temperatures.During the mid-Holocene, forests could have replaced Alpine Steppes in the upper catchments of the Huang He, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween and Yarlung Zhangbo, but not in the interior basins of the north-western highlands, because the basins were then flooded, suppressing forests and supporting the environmental stability of this arid Alpine grassland biome.
Freshwater control of ice-rafted debris in the last glacial period at Mono Lake, California, USA
Authors: Zimmerman Susan R. H. , Pearl Crystal , Hemming Sidney R. , Tamulonis Kathryn , Hemming N. Gary , Searle Stephanie Y. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe type section silts of the late Pleistocene Wilson Creek Formation at Mono Lake contain outsized clasts, dominantly well-rounded pebbles and cobbles of Sierran lithologies. Lithic grains > 425 μm show a similar pattern of variability as the > 10 mm clasts visible in the type section, with decreasing absolute abundance in southern and eastern outcrops. The largest concentrations of ice-rafted debris (IRD) occur at 67–57 ka and 46–32 ka, with strong millennial-scale variability, while little IRD is found during the last glacial maximum and deglaciation.Stratigraphic evidence for high lake level during high IRD intervals, and a lack of geomorphic evidence for coincidence of lake and glaciers, strongly suggests that rafting was by shore ice rather than icebergs. Correspondence of carbonate flux and IRD implies that both were mainly controlled by freshwater input, rather than disparate non-climatic controls. Conversely, the lack of IRD during the last glacial maximum and deglacial highstands may relate to secondary controls such as perennial ice cover or sediment supply. High IRD at Mono Lake corresponds to low glacial flour flux in Owens Lake, both correlative to high warm-season insolation. High-resolution, extra-basinal correlation of the millennial peaks awaits greatly improved age models for both records.
A Theatre of Imagery: the Rock Carving of Döltorp, Skee Parish, Bohuslän, Sweden
Authors: Coles John 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe parish of Skee, in western Bohuslän, has a wide variety of ancient monuments, among which is a small rock at Döltorp that displays a range of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age rock carvings. The new recording presented here identifies a number of hitherto unrecognized images and details. Some of the carvings are now considered to be of the late second millennium bc, while the bulk of the images are of mid-first millennium bc date. They include a particularly large decorated boat, with its crew finely detailed, as well as a number of carvings of warriors, discs, horses, spirals and smaller boats. The site lies in a landscape well inland from the Bronze Age shoreline, and its selection for carving was probably related to the existence of an earlier cairn high on a ridge to the west of the rock-carving site, perhaps linked to it by additional stones. Other sites in the immediate lowland region suggest that we should not view such sites as static creations; rather, we should consider them to have had long and episodic lives, maintaining and augmenting a societal awareness over many generations.
Evolution of Operative Interventions by Two University-Based Surgical Teams in Haiti during the First Month following the Earthquake
Authors: Sarani Babak , Mehta Samir , Ashburn Michael , Gupta Rajan , Dombroski Derek , Raymonville Maxi , Schwab C. William 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: The earthquake that struck Haiti on 10 January 2010, killed 200,000 persons and injured thousands more. Working with Partners in Health, a non-governmental organization already present in Haiti, Dartmouth College, and the University of Pennsylvania sent multidisciplinary surgical teams to hospitals in the villages of Hinche and Cange. The purpose of this report is to describe the injuries seen and evolution of treatments rendered at these two outlying regional hospitals during the first month following the earthquake.Methods: A retrospective review of the database maintained by each team was performed. In addition to a list of equipment taken to Haiti, information collected included patient age, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status, injuries sustained, procedures performed, wound management strategy, antibiotic therapy, and early outcomes.Results: A total of 113 surgical procedures were performed in 15 days by both teams. The average patient age was 25 years and average ASA score was 1.4. The majority of injuries involved large soft tissue wounds and closed fractures, although 21–40% of the patients at each hospital had either an open fracture or amputation wound. Initially, wound debridement was the most common procedure performed, but after two weeks, skin grafting, fracture fixation, and amputation revision were the more commonly needed operations.Conclusions: Academic surgical teams can ameliorate the morbidity and mortality following disasters caused by natural hazards by partnering with organizations that already have a presence in the affected region. A multidisciplinary team of surgeons and nurses can improve both mortality and morbidity following a disaster.
Risk of endometrial cancer in relation to individual nutrients from diet and supplements
Authors: Biel Rita K , Csizmadi Ilona , Cook Linda S , Courneya Kerry S , Magliocco Anthony M , Friedenreich Christine M 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveIntake of nutrients may influence the risk of endometrial cancer (EC). We aimed to estimate the association of intake of individual nutrients from food and from food plus supplements with EC occurrence.DesignA population-based case–control study conducted in Canada (2002–2006).SettingNutrient intakes from food and supplements were assessed using an FFQ. Logistic regression was used to estimate EC risk within quartile levels of nutrient intakes.SubjectsIncident EC cases (n506) were identified from the Alberta Cancer Registry, and population controls were frequency- and age-matched to cases (n981).ResultsThere existed little evidence of an association with EC for the majority of macronutrients and micronutrients examined. We observed a statistically significant increased risk associated with the highest, compared with the lowest, quartile of intake of dietary cholesterol (multivariable-adjusted OR = 1·51, 95 % CI 1·08, 2·11;Pfor trend = 0·02). Age-adjusted risk at the highest level of intake was significantly reduced for Ca from food sources (OR = 0·73, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·99) but was attenuated in the multivariable model (OR = 0·82, 95 % CI 0·59, 1·13). When intake from supplements was included in Ca intake, risk was significantly reduced by 28 % with higher Ca (multivariable-adjusted OR = 0·72, 95 % CI 0·51, 0·99,Pfor trend = 0·04). We also observed unexpected increased risks at limited levels of intakes of dietary soluble fibre, vitamin C, thiamin, vitamin B6and lutein/zeaxanthin, with no evidence for linear trend.ConclusionsThe results of our study suggest a positive association between dietary cholesterol and EC risk and an inverse association with Ca intake from food sources and from food plus supplements.
Prevalence and trends of stunting among pre-school children, 1990–2020
Authors: de Onis Mercedes , Blössner Monika , Borghi Elaine 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the prevalence and trends of stunting among children using the WHO growth standards.DesignFive hundred and seventy-six nationally representative surveys, including anthropometric data, were analysed. Stunting was defined as the proportion of children below −2sd from the WHO length- or height-for-age standards median. Linear mixed-effects modelling was used to estimate rates and numbers of affected children from 1990 to 2010, and projections to 2020.SettingOne hundred and forty-eight developed and developing countries.SubjectsBoys and girls from birth to 60 months.ResultsIn 2010, it is estimated that 171 million children (167 million in developing countries) were stunted. Globally, childhood stunting decreased from 39·7 (95 % CI 38·1, 41·4) % in 1990 to 26·7 (95 % CI 24·8, 28·7) % in 2010. This trend is expected to reach 21·8 (95 % CI 19·8, 23·8) %, or 142 million, in 2020. While in Africa stunting has stagnated since 1990 at about 40 % and little improvement is anticipated, Asia showed a dramatic decrease from 49 % in 1990 to 28 % in 2010, nearly halving the number of stunted children from 190 million to 100 million. It is anticipated that this trend will continue and that in 2020 Asia and Africa will have similar numbers of stunted children (68 million and 64 million, respectively). Rates are much lower (14 % or 7 million in 2010) in Latin America.ConclusionsDespite an overall decrease in developing countries, stunting remains a major public health problem in many of them. The data summarize progress achieved in the last two decades and help identify regions needing effective interventions.
The role of health-related, motivational and sociodemographic aspects in predicting food label use: a comprehensive study
Authors: Hess Rebecca , Visschers Vivianne HM , Siegrist Michael 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies focused on a limited number of determinants of food label use. We therefore tested a comprehensive model of food label use consisting of sociodemographic, health-related and motivating variables. These three predictor groups were chosen based on the previous literature and completed with new predictors not yet examined in a comprehensive study of frequency of label use.DesignWe sent questionnaires to a random sample of households in the German-speaking part of Switzerland.SettingThe respondents filled in the questionnaire at home and returned it by mail.SubjectsWe analysed the data of 1162 filled-in questionnaires (response rate = 38 %). Of the respondents, 637 were women (55 %), and their mean age was 53·54 (sd 15·68) years.ResultsHealth-related variables were the most important group of predictors of label use, followed by motivating factors and sociodemographic variables. Placing importance on health, healthy eating and nutritional value of food, perceived vulnerability for diet-related diseases, nutrition knowledge, numeracy and gender were positively associated with frequency of food label use whereas shopping habits and seeing eating as something positive were negative predictors of frequency of label use.ConclusionsPeople's health consciousness should be raised in order to increase the frequency of food label use. Furthermore, it should be stressed that reading labels and keeping a healthy diet do not contradict ‘good eating’, and that both of these aspects can be combined with the help of food labels.
Consumer food choices: the role of price and pricing strategies
Authors: Steenhuis Ingrid HM , Waterlander Wilma E , de Mul Anika 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo study differences in the role of price and value in food choice between low-income and higher-income consumers and to study the perception of consumers about pricing strategies that are of relevance during grocery shopping.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted using structured, written questionnaires. Food choice motives as well as price perceptions and opinion on pricing strategies were measured.SettingThe study was carried out in point-of-purchase settings, i.e. supermarkets, fast-food restaurants and sports canteens.SubjectsAdults (n 159) visiting a point-of-purchase setting were included.ResultsPrice is an important factor in food choice, especially for low-income consumers. Low-income consumers were significantly more conscious of value and price than higher-income consumers. The most attractive strategies, according to the consumers, were discounting healthy food more often and applying a lower VAT (Value Added Tax) rate on healthy food. Low-income consumers differ in their preferences for pricing strategies.ConclusionsSince price is more important for low-income consumers we recommend mainly focusing on their preferences and needs.
Long-term effects of ocean warming on the prokaryotic community: evidence from the vibrios
Authors: Vezzulli Luigi , Brettar Ingrid , Pezzati Elisabetta , Reid Philip C , Colwell Rita R , Höfle Manfred G , Pruzzo Carla 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The long-term effects of ocean warming on prokaryotic communities are unknown because of lack of historical data. We overcame this gap by applying a retrospective molecular analysis to the bacterial community on formalin-fixed samples from the historical Continuous Plankton Recorder archive, which is one of the longest and most geographically extensive collections of marine biological samples in the world. We showed that during the last half century, ubiquitous marine bacteria of the Vibrio genus, including Vibrio cholerae, increased in dominance within the plankton-associated bacterial community of the North Sea, where an unprecedented increase in bathing infections related to these bacteria was recently reported. Among environmental variables, increased sea surface temperature explained 45% of the variance in Vibrio data, supporting the view that ocean warming is favouring the spread of vibrios and may be the cause of the globally increasing trend in their associated diseases.
Testing and Beyond: Strategies and Tools for Evaluating and Assessing Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Crais Elizabeth R. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose

This article is a condensation of the recent American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) document entitled
Roles and Responsibilities of Speech-Language Pathologists in Early Intervention: Guidelines
(ASHA, 2008). The article presents information on recommended and evidence-based practices related to the screening, evaluation, and assessment of infants and toddlers with, or at risk for, communication deficits. It is intended to be used by clinicians to enhance their practices.

Method

The
Guidelines
document was developed using the available research evidence, expert clinical perspectives, and, when possible, family perspectives related to the screening, evaluation, and assessment process. The current article includes key definitions and an overview of recommended practices in screening, evaluation, assessment, and results interpretation.

Implications
The article provides important and timely information for professionals and families related to the screening, evaluation, and assessment of infants and toddlers with, or at risk for, communication deficits. Speech-language pathologists, other professionals, and family members can use the information to implement recommended and evidence-based practices when screening, evaluating, and assessing young children for communication deficits.
Peeling the Onion of Auditory Processing Disorder: A Language/Curricular-Based Perspective
Authors: Wallach Geraldine P. 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis article addresses auditory processing disorder (APD) from a language-based perspective. The author asks speech-language pathologists to evaluate the functionality (or not) of APD as a diagnostic category for children and adolescents with language-learning and academic difficulties. Suggestions are offered from a curriculum-relevant/strategic-based language approach that places APD symptoms within a broader framework and takes into account the complex interaction among the language knowledge, skills, and strategies needed for academic success.MethodUsing the metaphor of peeling an onion to get to its core, the author demonstrates how auditory perceptual processing is influenced by and dependent on language abilities. Examples of curricular content are used to highlight the language savvy needed by students with language-learning disabilities (LLDs) to access the curriculum.ConclusionAt the heart of the article is the question of what is (or are) the most effective way(s) to treat problems defined as “auditory” in nature. The article concludes with 10 suggestions that remind clinicians to consider the usefulness of viewing auditory processing problems as isolated events that can be “fixed.” Practical guidelines for creating authentic and functional intervention targets at school-age levels are also provided.
Auditory Processing Disorder and Auditory/Language Interventions: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review
Authors: Fey Marc E. , Richard Gail J. , Geffner Donna , Kamhi Alan G. , Medwetsky Larry , Paul Diane , Ross-Swain Deborah , Wallach Geraldine P. , Frymark Tobi , Schooling Tracy 
Published: July 2011

Purpose
In this systematic review, the peer-reviewed literature on the efficacy of interventions for school-age children with auditory processing disorder (APD) is critically evaluated.

Method
Searches of 28 electronic databases yielded 25 studies for analysis. These studies were categorized by research phase (e.g., exploratory, efficacy) and ranked on a standard set of quality features related to methodology and reporting.

Results
Some support exists for the claim that auditory and language interventions can improve auditory functioning in children with APD and those with primary spoken language disorder. There is little indication, however, that observed improvements are due to the auditory features of these programs. Similarly, evidence supporting the effects of these programs on spoken and written language functioning is limited.

Conclusion
The evidence base is too small and weak to provide clear guidance to speech-language pathologists faced with treating children with diagnosed APD, but some cautious skepticism is warranted until the record of evidence is more complete. Clinicians who decide to use auditory interventions should be aware of the limitations in the evidence and take special care to monitor the spoken and written language status of their young clients.
The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in Identifying and Treating Children With Auditory Processing Disorder
Authors: Richard Gail J. 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this prologue is to provide a historical perspective regarding the controversial issues surrounding auditory processing disorder (APD), as well as a summary of the current issues and perspectives that will be discussed in the articles in this forum.MethodAn evidence-based systematic review was conducted to examine treatment efficacy data in regard to APD, with inconclusive results. The review raised several issues and highlighted the differences in how various professionals approach APD. Consequently, experts who were members of an ad hoc American Speech-Language-Hearing Association committee charged with delineating the role of the speech-language pathologist in addressing APD attempted to describe in more detail their individual author perspectives on the topic.ConclusionDespite concerted efforts by researchers and clinical professionals, minimal concrete evidence is available to guide practicing professionals responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of APD. The role of the speech-language pathologist in diagnosing and treating APD remains under discussion, with varying perspectives advocated by individuals based on their research and clinical experience.
Collaborative Consultation in Natural Environments: Strategies to Enhance Family-Centered Supports and Services
Authors: Woods Juliann J. , Wilcox M. Jeanne , Friedman Mollie , Murch Trudi 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis article presents current information on recommended practices related to the delivery of early intervention (EI) supports and services to infants and toddlers with, or at risk for, communication deficits and their families.MethodThe focus is on presenting the changing paradigm for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in EI based on the best available research evidence and expert opinion. The article includes a brief review of the recommended and promising practices for early communication intervention and applies the content to the role of the SLP as a consultant to caregivers. It provides strategies for “how to” join into the everyday activities/routines and places with the caregiver and child in order to facilitate caregiver-implemented intervention that will enhance caregiver–child interactions and promote the child’s participation and learning. The importance of, and strategies for, collaborative consultation with diverse caregivers within a family-centered approach is presented.ImplicationsThis article provides important and timely information for professionals and families related to family-centered EI practices, caregiver-implemented interventions, adult teaching strategies, and collaborative consultation with families of infants and toddlers with, or at risk for, communication deficits. SLPs can use the information presented to inform their practices when working with these young children and their families.