bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet, nutritional status and oral health in hunter‐gatherers from the central‐northern coast of Patagonia and the Chubut river lower valley, Argentina
Authors: Otero Julieta Gómez , Novellino Paula 
Published: May 2010

AbstractArchaeological research in central‐northern Patagonia (Atlantic coast and lower the valley of Chubut river) showed that this area was used since at least the Middle Holocene. Stable isotope analyses (13C and 15N) of human bone samples indicate that hunter‐gatherers living in that area had a terrestrial‐marine diet including guanaco meat, land plants, mollusks and pinnipeds. Despite this general trend, intersite variability and changes through time were noted, especially after the late Holocene. These results have been reinforced by archaeofaunal, technological and bioarchaeological records. In this paper, three hypotheses are examined: (a) the diet of these populations was complete and rich enough to ensure good health status and avoid nutritional deficiencies; (b) carbohydrate consumption increased progressively after 1000 BP, when pottery technology was adopted and (c) this kind of mixed diet would have been qualitatively more nutritious than that of other populations of the region, which would have resulted in better nutritional and healthy conditions. These three hypotheses are compared with dental results obtained from 563 permanent teeth from 45 individuals (34 adults and 11 juveniles from both sexes), rescued from burial sites. Indicators of oral health were assessed through the observation of caries, abscesses, wear, pulpar cavity exposure and ante mortem loss. Features of nutritional status such as enamel hypoplasia, porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia were also examined. Given the availability of direct radiocarbon dating for most of the sample, three temporal series were determined: ‘Before 1000 BP’, ‘1000–5000 BP’ and ‘Post‐contact’. No evidence of alimentary stress or iron deficiency was found in individuals from the three series, which accounts for healthy and good nutritional life conditions. After 1000 BP, the results show a progressive increase in the caries percentage and a decrease in abscesses, dental wear and ante mortem losses frequency. This is possibly related to more consumption of processed foods in the last 1000 years. These results were compared with similar studies based on samples from different environments and latitudes of Patagonia. Evidence suggests that mixed diets (marine‐terrestrial) would have been more appropriate and nutritionally complete than exclusively marine or terrestrial diets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional polyisobutylenes via a click chemistry approach
Authors: Martinez‐Castro Nemesio , Magenau Andrew J. D. , Storey Robson F. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract1‐(ω‐Azidoalkyl)pyrrolyl‐terminated polyisobutylene (PIB) was successfully synthesized both by substitution of the terminal halide of 1‐(ω‐haloalkyl)pyrrolyl‐terminated PIB with sodium azide and by in situ quenching of quasiliving PIB with a 1‐(ω‐azidoalkyl)pyrrole. Azide substitution of the terminal halide was carried out in 50/50 heptane/DMF at 90 °C for 24 h using excess azide. The 1‐(ω‐haloalkyl)pyrrolyl‐PIB precursors included 1‐(2‐chloroethyl)pyrrolyl‐PIB, 1‐(2‐bromoethyl)pyrrolyl‐PIB, and 1‐(3‐bromopropyl)pyrrolyl‐PIB. In situ quenching involved direct addition of 1‐(2‐azidoethyl)pyrrole to quasiliving PIB initiated from 5‐tert‐butyl‐1,3‐di(1‐chloro‐1‐methylethyl)benzene (bDCC)/TiCl4 at −70 °C in hexane/CH3Cl (60/40, v/v). 1H NMR analysis of the quenched product revealed mixed isomeric end groups in which PIB was attached at either C2 or C3 of the pyrrole ring (C2/C3 = 0.40/0.60). SEC indicated the absence of coupled PIB under optimized conditions, confirming exclusive mono‐substitution on each pyrrole ring. 1‐(3‐Azidopropyl)pyrrolyl‐PIB was reacted in modular fashion with various functional alkynes, propargyl alcohol, propargyl acrylate, glycidyl propargyl ether, and 3‐dimethylamino‐1‐propyne, via a Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (Click) reaction, using Cu(I)Br/N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine or bromtris(triphenylphosphine)Cu(I) as catalyst. The reactions were quantitative and produced PIBs bearing terminal hydroxyl, acrylate, glycidyl, or dimethylaminomethyl groups attached via exclusively four‐substituted triazole linkages. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2533–2545, 2010
Pyrromethene derivatives in three‐component photoinitiating systems for free radical photopolymerization
Authors: Tarzi O. I. , Allonas X. , Ley C. , Fouassier J.‐P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract1,3,5,7,8‐pentamethyl pyrromethene difluoroborate complex (HMP) and 2,6‐diethyl‐8‐phenyl‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethylpyrromethene difluoroborate complex (EPP) were used to initiate the polymerization of a diacrylate in a two‐ and a three‐component photoinitiating system (PIS), together with an amine (ethyl‐4‐dimethylaminobenzoate, EDB) and triazine A (2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4,6‐bis(trichloromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine, TA) as coinitiators. For both pyrromethene dyes, the highest conversion was achieved with the three‐component PIS. As these dyes have high‐fluorescence quantum yields, steady state and time‐resolved techniques were used to study the possible fluorescence quenching by the amine and the triazine, as well as laser flash photolysis to investigate the electron transfer process that occurs in these PIS from either the singlet or triplet excited states. The electron transfer reaction is evidenced by using time‐resolved photoconductivity. Experiments show that the main interaction between the dye and both coinitiators is through its excited singlet state and the process is more efficient when TA is present. The beneficial effect noted when both coinitiators are used in a three‐component system is ascribed to secondary reactions between the coinitiators and intermediates that lead to the generation of higher amount of initiating species and the recovery of the initial dye. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2594–2603, 2010
Spectroscopic and photopolymerization studies of benzyl methacrylate/poly(benzyl methacrylate) two‐component system
Authors: Łapsa Krzysztof , Marcinkowska Agnieszka , Rachocki Adam , Andrzejewska Ewa , Tritt‐Goc Jadwiga 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe influence of the viscosity of a two‐component system on its molecular dynamics (on the basis of hypersonic wave velocity and attenuation coefficient) and photopolymerization kinetics was studied. The system investigated represented the solution of poly(benzyl methacrylate), PBzMA (MW = 70000) in its monomer, benzyl methacrylate (BzMA). The viscosity of the system was varied by adding various amounts of the polymer to the monomer (10–50 wt %). The molecular dynamics in the neat BzMA was studied by the proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spin‐lattice relaxation time measurements and the wide‐line 1H NMR spectroscopy in a wide range of temperature. Information on the local dynamics in liquid BzMA above its melting temperature was gained from the high‐resolution 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The hypersonic wave velocity and the attenuation coefficient were investigated in the appropriate temperature range related to a viscoelastic relaxation process by the Brillouin light scattering method. The kinetic measurements have demonstrated that the photopolymerization rate rapidly increases and the monomer conversion decreases with increasing polymer‐to‐monomer ratio; this effect has been noted in the whole range of polymer concentration and reaction temperature studied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1336–1348, 2010
Protein trans‐splicing on an M13 bacteriophage: towards directed evolution of a semisynthetic split intein by phage display
Authors: Garbe Daniel , Thiel Ilka V. , Mootz Henning D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSplit inteins link their fused peptide or protein sequences with a peptide bond in an autocatalytic reaction called protein trans‐splicing. This reaction is becoming increasingly important for a variety of applications in protein semisynthesis, polypeptide circularisation, construction of biosensors, or segmental isotopic labelling of proteins. However, split inteins exhibit greatly varying solubility, efficiency and tolerance towards the nature of the fused sequences as well as reaction conditions. We envisioned that phage display as an in vitro selection technique would provide a powerful tool for the directed evolution of split inteins with improved properties. As a first step towards this goal, we show that presentation of active split inteins on an M13 bacteriophage is feasible. Two different C‐terminal intein fragments of the Ssp DnaB intein, artificially split at amino acid positions 104 and 11, were encoded in a phagemid vector in fusion to a truncated gpIII protein. For efficient production of hybrid phages, the presence of a soluble domain tag at their N‐termini was necessary. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the hybrid phages supported protein trans‐splicing with a protein or a synthetic peptide, respectively, containing the complementary intein fragment. Incorporation of biotin or desthiobiotin by this reaction provides a straightforward strategy for future enrichment of desired mutants from randomised libraries of the C‐terminal intein fragments on streptavidin beads. Protein semisynthesis on a phage could also be exploited for the selection of chemically modified proteins with unique properties. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Fourier grid Hamiltonian method for calculating vibrational energy levels of triatomic molecules
Authors: Sarkar Pranab , Ahamed Basir 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Fourier grid Hamiltonian method for calculating vibrational energy levels of triatomic molecules is presented. We have used direct product basis functions obtained from the Fourier grid Hamiltonian method for one‐dimensional Schrödinger equation for radial coordinates and the associated Legendre polynomial for angular coordinate. The resulting matrix is diagonalized by using Lanczos method. The method is tested for the calculation of vibrational energy levels of H2O and MgH2 molecules. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Woods and Russell, Hill, and the emergence of medical statistics
Authors: Farewell Vern , Johnson Tony 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn 1937, Austin Bradford Hill wrote Principles of Medical Statistics (Lancet: London, 1937) that became renowned throughout the world and is widely associated with the birth of modern medical statistics. Some 6 years earlier Hilda Mary Woods and William Thomas Russell, colleagues of Hill at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, wrote a similar book An Introduction to Medical Statistics (PS King and Son: London, 1931) that is little known today. We trace the origins of these two books from the foundations of early demography and vital statistics, and make a detailed examination of some of their chapters. It is clear that these texts mark a watershed in the history of medical statistics that demarcates the vital statistics of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from the modern discipline. Moreover, we consider that the book by Woods and Russell is of some importance in the development of medical statistics and we describe and acknowledge their place in the history of this discipline. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic CEN library of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome
Authors: Hvorecny Kelli L. , Prelich Gregory 
Published: May 2010

AbstractProgress in modern genetics is greatly facilitated by systematic resources that enable rapid and comprehensive analysis. Here we report the creation of a nearly complete systematic low‐copy (CEN URA3) library of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome that complements existing systematic high‐copy libraries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Titanium3+ Hexacyanometallates(II): Preparation and Porous Framework
Authors: Ávila Manuel , Vargas Claudia , Yee‐Madeira Hernani , Reguera Edilso 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe studied compounds were prepared by the precipitation method mixing Ti3+ in concentrated HCl with aqueous solution of [M(CN)6]4– where M = Fe, Ru, Os. The formed solids, Ti3Cl[M(CN)6]2·10H2O, were characterized by IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, energy‐disperse X‐ray spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, adsorption data, and chemical analyses. Their crystal structures were solved and refined from the recorded X‐ray powder patterns in the Fmm space group. This series of compounds has a porous framework with a relatively high free volume, which is occupied by coordinated and hydrogen bonded water molecules. The charge balancing Cl– ion was found coordinated to titanium atoms. This series of porous solids was studied in order to explore the hydrogen interaction with the titanium atoms found at the surface of the cavities. On the water removal by moderate heating their porous framework collapses as reveal the nitrogen, CO2, and hydrogen adsorption but without complex salt decomposition. On the solids rehydration the porous framework is partially restored.
The Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in a Nigerian Semiurban Teaching Hospital: A Single‐center Descriptive Study
Authors: Arowolo Olukayode Adeolu , Akinkuolie Andrew Akinbolaji , Lawal Oladejo Olukayode , Alatise Olusegun Isaac , Salako Abdulkadir Ayo , Adisa Adewale Oluseye 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of data on the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant c in low‐resources developing African countries such as Nigeria. We therefore decided to study the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer patients in Nigeria in the light of constrained resources.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective descriptive study. Sixty‐two patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the last 24 years in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile‐Ife, Nigeria, constituted the study population. The outcome measures were clinical tumor response, disease‐free survival, overall survival, and chemotherapy toxicity profile.ResultsPatients ranged in age from 30 to 85 years (mean = 49.1 ± SD 12.7 years) and included one male. After three cycles of chemotherapy, complete clinical response was observed in 4 patients (6.5%), partial clinical response in 28 patients (45.2%), no clinically measurable response in 24 patients (38.7%), and progressive disease in 6 patients (9.7%). Forty‐one patients completed six cycles, of which 9 patients (22.0%) had complete clinical response and 12 patients (29.3%) had partial clinical response. Four of 30 patients (13.3%) with tumor size of 6–10 cm had complete clinical response, while no patient with a tumor bigger than 10 cm had complete clinical response. Of the 62 patients, 42 were followed up for more than 1 year. The 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year survival rates of this cohort were 66.7, 42.9, and 11.9%, respectively The median follow‐up period was 9 months and the disease‐free survival and overall survival rates at median follow‐up period were 45 and 37%, respectively.ConclusionThere was a poor overall clinical response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the Black population studied. Late presentation with large tumor mass may be accountable for this.
Combined effect of maternal serotonin transporter genotype and prenatal stress in modulating offspring social interaction in mice
Authors: Jones Karen L. , Smith Ryan M. , Edwards Kristin S. , Givens Bennet , Tilley Michael R. , Beversdorf David Q. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that prenatal stress is a possible risk factor in the development of autism spectrum disorders. However, many children exposed to stress prenatally are born healthy and develop typically, suggesting that other factors must contribute to autism. Genes that contribute to stress reactivity may, therefore, exacerbate prenatal stress‐mediated behavioral changes in the adult offspring. One candidate gene linked to increased stress reactivity encodes the serotonin transporter. Specifically, an insertion/deletion (long/short allele) polymorphism upstream of the serotonin transporter gene correlates with differential expression and function of the serotonin transporter and a heightened response to stressors. Heterozygous serotonin transporter knockout mice show reductions in serotonin transporter expression similar to the human short polymorphism. In this study, the role of prenatal stress and maternal serotonin transporter genotype were assessed in mice to determine whether their combined effect produces reductions in social behavior in the adult offspring. Pregnant serotonin transporter heterozygous knockout and wild‐type dams were placed in either a control condition or subjected to chronic variable stress. The adult offspring were subsequently assessed for social interaction and anxiety using a three‐chamber social approach task, ultrasonic vocalization detection, elevated‐plus maze and an open field task. Results indicated that prenatal stress and reduced serotonin transporter expression of the dam may have the combined effect of producing changes in social interaction and social interest in the offspring consistent with those observed in autism spectrum disorder. This data indicates a possible combined effect of maternal serotonin transporter genotype and prenatal stress contributing to the production of autistic‐like behaviors in offspring.
Children's command of plural and possessive marking on Hebrew nouns: a comparison of obligatory versus optional inflections*
Authors: SCHIFF RACHEL , RAVID DORIT , LEVY-SHIMON SHANY 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWe compare learning of two inflection types – obligatory noun plurals and optional noun possessives. We tested 107 Hebrew-speaking children aged 6–7 on the same tasks at the beginning and end of first grade. Performance on both constructions improved during this short period, but plurals scored higher from the start, with improvement only in changing stems. The main remaining challenge in mastering noun plural marking in grade school is thus to learn the various types of stem changes. In contrast, possessives improved across the board in first grade, with higher success on non-changing stems and first person suffixes respectively. This intense gain in first grade occurs when children learn to read and write and turn to the written modality as their main source of linguistic input. The study thus testifies to the impact of the shift from spoken language to the ‘language of literacy’ on children's construal of Hebrew morphology.
Importance and impacts of intermediary boundary organizations in facilitating payment for environmental services in Vietnam
Authors: PHAM THU THUY , CAMPBELL BRUCE M. , GARNETT STEPHEN , ASLIN HEATHER , HOANG MINH HA 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYIntermediaries are seen as important actors in facilitating payments for environmental services (PES). However, few data exist on the adequacy of the services provided by intermediaries and the impacts of their interventions. Using four PES case studies in Vietnam, this paper analyses the roles of government agencies, non-government organizations, international agencies, local organizations and professional consulting firms as PES intermediaries. The findings indicate that these intermediaries are essential in supporting PES establishment. Their roles are as service and information providers, mediators, arbitrators, equalizers, representatives, watchdogs, developers of standards and bridge builders. Concerns have been raised about the quality of intermediaries’ participatory work, political influence on intermediaries’ activities and the neutral status of intermediaries. Although local organizations are strongly driven by the government, they are important channels for the poor to express their opinions. However, to act as environmental services (ES) sellers, local organizations need to overcome numerous challenges, particularly related to capacity for monitoring ES and enforcement of contracts. Relationships amongst intermediaries are complex and should be carefully examined by PES stakeholders to avoid negative impact on the poor. Each of the intermediaries may operate at a different level and can have different functions but a multi-sector approach is required for an effective PES implementation.
Assessing the quality of seagrass data collected by community volunteers in Moreton Bay Marine Park, Australia
Authors: FINN PAUL G. , UDY NICOLA S. , BALTAIS SIMON J. , PRICE KEIRA , COLES LOUISE 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYVolunteer-collected data have become widely used, largely because of a perception of cost efficiency, however, the quality of these data is often questioned. This paper analyses the quality of visual estimates of seagrass cover collected by trained volunteers in Moreton Bay (Australia) which has c. 25 000 ha of seagrass habitat. Seagrass was routinely monitored by trained volunteers at 51 sites (50 × 50 m area of intertidal flat) using standardized protocols. Volunteers walked three transects at low tide and assessed the percentage of substrate covered by seagrass within quadrats (50 × 50 cm in area) using photographic guides. Of 33 samples (quadrats) taken at each site, nine (27%) were photographed and later scored by coordinating scientists. The visual estimation of per cent seagrass cover by volunteers was highly correlated with that of scientists and can therefore be used as a reliable source of base-line information about seagrasses in Moreton Bay. The qualities of this successful community-based monitoring programme include expert scientific and multi-organizational involvement, simple methods and result dissemination.
Provision of Rehabilitation Services in Québec Following Stroke: A Comparative Survey Conducted by Postal Questionnaire
Authors: Vincent Claude , Robichaud Line , Desrosiers Johanne , Belleville Sylvie , Demers Louise , Viscogliosi Chantal , Deaudelin Isabelle ,   other members of the BRAD group
Published: May 2010

RÉSUMÉIl n’existe pas de données sur l’offre de service en réadaptation pour les aînés ayant subi un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) selon le type de régions. Une enquête a permis de documenter l’offre des services de réadaptation proposés à la clientèle aînée de 65 ans et plus ayant subi un AVC. Au total, les répondants de 295 ressources localisées dans trois régions sociosanitaires du Québec ont complété un questionnaire postal décrivant les services offerts en termes de type d’interventions (associées à neuf aptitudes et à sept domaines de participation sociale) et de type de services (évaluation, réadaptation active, maintien). Les résultats indiquent que l’offre de services de réadaptation proposée par le plus grand nombre de ressources aux personnes âgées ayant subi un AVC concerne les aptitudes motrices et les déplacements. De façon inattendue, au niveau d’interventions associées à quatre aptitudes et à deux domaines de participation sociale, l’offre de services en réadaptation active apparaît plus élevée dans les régions incluant des zones rurales qu’en région métropolitaine.