bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontotemporoparietal asymmetry and lack of illness awareness in schizophrenia
Authors: Gerretsen Philip , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Mamo David , Menon Mahesh , Pollock Bruce G. , Rajji Tarek K. , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Lack of illness awareness or anosognosia occurs in both schizophrenia and right hemisphere lesions due to stroke, dementia, and traumatic brain injury. In the latter conditions, anosognosia is thought to arise from unilateral hemispheric dysfunction or interhemispheric disequilibrium, which provides an anatomical model for exploring illness unawareness in other neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Methods: Both voxel‐based morphometry using Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) and a deformation‐based morphology analysis of hemispheric asymmetry were performed on 52 treated schizophrenia subjects, exploring the relationship between illness awareness and gray matter volume. Analyses included age, gender, and total intracranial volume as covariates. Results: Hemispheric asymmetry analyses revealed illness unawareness was significantly associated with right < left hemisphere volumes in the anteroinferior temporal lobe (t = 4.83, P = 0.051) using DARTEL, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (t = 5.80, P = 0.003) and parietal lobe (t = 4.3, P = 0.050) using the deformation‐based approach. Trend level associations were identified in the right medial prefrontal cortex (t = 4.49, P = 0.127) using DARTEL. Lack of illness awareness was also strongly associated with reduced total white matter volume (r = 0.401, P < 0.01) and illness severity (r = 0.559, P < 0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest a relationship between anosognosia and hemispheric asymmetry in schizophrenia, supporting previous volume‐based MRI studies in schizophrenia that found a relationship between illness unawareness and reduced right hemisphere gray matter volume. Functional imaging studies are required to examine the neural mechanisms contributing to these structural observations. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EXAMINING THE LINK BETWEEN CASH FLOW, MARKET VALUE, AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT SPENDING IN THE MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRY
Authors: Schmutz Bryan P. , Santerre Rexford E. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTUnlike the pharmaceutical industry, no empirical research has focused on the factors influencing research and development (R&D) spending in the medical device industry. To fill that gap, this study examines how R&D spending is influenced by prior year cash flow and corporate market value using multiple regression analysis and a panel data set of medical device companies over the period 1962–2008. The empirical findings suggest that the elasticities of R&D spending with respect to cash flow and corporate market value equal 0.58 and 0.31, respectively. Moreover, based upon these estimates, simulations show that the recently enacted excise tax on medical devices, taken alone, will reduce R&D spending by approximately $4 billion and thereby lead to a minimum loss of $20 billion worth of human life years over the first 10 years of its enactment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topographic description of an alternative insertion technique for percutaneous approach of cricopharyngeus muscle electromyography: A cadaveric and clinical study
Authors: Akkin Salih Murat , Alkan Zeynep , Yigit Ozgür , Adatepe Turgut , Demirci Mehmet Selman , Koebke Juergen , Uzun Nurten 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundCricopharyngeus is the only muscle for which electromyography is used in the differential diagnosis of swallowing disorders. Because of some practical difficulties, electrophysiologic tests for this muscle are not performed routinely. Thus we aimed to describe an alternative topographic way to reach the muscle easily.MethodsOn 10 cadavers, a spinal needle (20 G) and on 37 patients a concentric needle electrode (26 G) were used. The needle was inserted percutaneous at the level of the superior border of the cricoid cartilage, anterior to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at 60 degrees angle to the frontal plane in the posteromedial direction.ResultsWe reached the muscle in all cadavers. In all of the patients, the needle entered the muscle on the first attempt; that was confirmed by electromyographic responses.ConclusionOur results show that this method can be useful for the practical application of cricopharyngeus muscle electromyography. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Heat transfer enhancement for laminar flow of ethylene glycol through a square duct fitted with increasing and decreasing orders of twisted tape
Authors: Patil S.V. , Vijay Babu P.V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe isothermal friction factor and heat transfer enhancement through a square duct fitted with increasing and decreasing order of twist ratio sets have been studied under nearly uniform wall temperature conditions. The ethylene glycol flows under laminar flow (Re = 30–1200) through a square duct and hot water flows through an annular channel formed between a square duct and circular tube, in a counter current fashion. The hot water at a very high flow rate is circulated though the annular channel to ensure a nearly uniform wall temperature condition. There is not much change in the magnitude of the heat transfer coefficient enhancement with the increasing twist ratio and with the decreasing twist ratio set, as the intensity of the swirl generated at the inlet or at the outlet in the order of increasing twist ratio or decreasing twist ratio, is the same in both the cases. Performance evaluation analysis on constant pumping power was made and a maximum performance ratio was obtained for each twist insert corresponding to a Reynolds number of 680. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20410
The optimization of thermal performance of an air cooler equipped with butterfly inserts by the use of imperialist competitive algorithm
Authors: Rezaei Ehsan , Karami Alimohammad , Shahhosseni Mohsen , Aghakhani Masood 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to apply a novel optimization algorithm based on the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) to optimize the thermal performance of an air‐cooled heat exchanger equipped with butterfly inserts. Experiments included inserts inclined at angles ranging from 45 to 135°. Also, the Reynolds number varied from 4021 to 16118. After data reduction, the regression equation of thermal performance was obtained as a function of the Reynolds number and the inclined angle. Then the cost function was optimized by the use of ICA. One can be sure that the thermal performance will be optimized due to the optimization of the cost function. Computational results indicate that the proposed optimization‐algorithm is quite effective and powerful in optimizing the cost function. According to the results, in order to obtain maximum performance, the inclined angle must be about 95°. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20412
TECHNO‐ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INTEGRATING CANAL WATER HARVESTING AND DRIP IRRIGATION FOR POMEGRANATE PRODUCTION IN A DRY ECO‐REGION
Authors: Kumar Satyendra , Singh Rajbir , Asrey Ram , Nangare D. D. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTWater management plays an important role in sustainable and quality production of pomegranate. The present study envisaged the scope for water resource development and its utilization through a drip system in a canal irrigated dry eco‐region where water is a limited resource. Canal water harvested in a secondary reservoir and re‐used by a drip system in a pomegranate orchard to enhance quality and productivity. Results showed better soil moisture availability under a drip irrigation regime compared to existing surface irrigation practices. Drip irrigation saved 32% water and resulted in a 10.9% reduction in fruit cracking, resulting in a higher marketable yield and water productivity compared to surface irrigation. Drip irrigated trees produced larger size arils and resulted in higher juice recovery compared to surface irrigated fruit. Better quality and productivity resulted in higher economic benefits under the drip system. Net present value of additional income was INR 139,000 for the drip system. Results showed the potential of integrating a drip system and canal water harvested for enhancing quality and productivity of pomegranate growth in a dry eco‐region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ROCK1 induces ERK nuclear translocation in PDGF‐BB‐stimulated migration of rat vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zhao Ying , Lv Miao , Lin HaiShuang , Hong Yan , Yang FuChun , Sun YunLiang , Guo Yan , Cui Ying , Li Sheng , Gao Ying 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIt has been known that Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling regulates the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the isoform‐specific roles of ROCK and its underlying mechanism in VSMC migration are not well understood. The current study thus aimed to investigate the roles of ROCK1/2 and their relationship to the MAPK signaling pathway in platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐induced rat aorta VSMC migration by manipulating ROCK gene expression. The results revealed that ROCK1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) rather than ROCK2 siRNA decreased PDGF‐BB‐generated VSMC migration, and upregulation of ROCK1 expression via transfection of constructed pEGFP‐C1/ROCK1 plasmid further increased the migration of PDGF‐BB‐treated VSMCs. In PDGF‐treated VSMCs, ROCK1 siRNA did not affect the phosphorylation levels of ERK and p38 in the cytoplasm, but decreased the level of ERK phosphorylation in the nucleus. These findings demonstrate that activated ROCK1 can promote VSMC migration through facilitating phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of ERK protein. © 2011 IUBMB Life,, 2011.
Strong YB‐1 expression is associated with liver metastasis progression and predicts shorter disease‐free survival in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Ying , Yamada Sohsuke , Izumi Hiroto , Li Zhi , Shimajiri Shohei , Wang Ke‐yong , Liu Yun‐peng , Kohno Kimitoshi , Sasaguri Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe most significant cause of gastric cancer (GC) death is metastasis, although the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Y‐box binding protein‐1 (YB‐1) is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in various cancers. In this study we investigated the relationship between YB‐1 expression and the clinicopathologic features and metastasis‐associated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in advanced GC patients.Patients and MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze YB‐1, E‐cadherin, and vimentin expression in 98 advanced GC cases.ResultsTwenty‐nine (29.6%) cases of GC exhibited strong YB‐1 immunoreactivity. Strong YB‐1 staining occurred more often in patients with intestinal or non‐scirrhous cancer, and demonstrated a significant correlation with vascular invasion (VI), liver metastasis, and shorter disease‐free survival (DFS). However, we observed no relationship between YB‐1 expression and EMT phenotype or overall survival. Logistic regression analysis revealed that strong staining for YB‐1 was the only predictive factor for liver metastasis.ConclusionsOur results indicate that YB‐1 plays a role in the process of GC metastasis, and that the immunohistochemical detection of this protein potentially delivers valuable insight regarding the prediction of liver metastasis and shorter DFS in patients undergoing curative resection for advanced GC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:724–730. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Faster and reliable joining of solar cells
Authors: Hendel Richard , Lehner Benjamin , Rüttimann Christoph 
Published: January 2012

AbstractInterconnection of crystalline solar cells to modules is a critical step in photovoltaic module production. The typical tabbing and stringing process requires complex handling of delicate solar cells as well as a reliable but gentle joining process. Things become even more complicated as there is a trend to cell thicknesses way below 200 μm together with steadily rising production rates.
Novel concept for laser patterning of thin film solar cells
Authors: Stegemann Bert , Fink Frank , Endert Heinrich , Schüle Manuel , Schultz Christof , Quaschning Volker , Niederhofer Jürgen , Pahl Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLasers are increasingly being used as an efficient and reliable tool in the production of solar cells and solar modules. Particular interest exists in thin‐film photovoltaics, where laser structuring is aimed to realize appropriate monolithic serial interconnection. A novel concept successfully demonstrated complete laser structuring by application of short nanosecond laser pulses with a single, visible wavelength. These results promise further simplification and flexibility to thin film solar cell production.
Components and tools for polarization‐maintaining fiber optics
Authors: Krischke Anja , Oechsner Ulrich , Knothe Christian , Lamott André 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFiber cables open up new vistas for the design of modular devices and compact setups for industrial and scientific applications. Special fibers, such as polarization‐maintaining singlemode fibers, are predestined for use in complex, self‐contained setups, increasing laser safety by reducing the laser safety classification. Most importantly, a sensitive and delicate measurement system can still enjoy the benefits of a laser beam, with the desirable features of polarization state and coherence, but be physically separated from the laser source. The measurement setup and the laser source are decoupled mechanically and thermally in order to avoid any mutual negative impacts.
Predicting laser beam characteristics
Authors: Nelson Chad , Crist Jordan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe laser mode quality factor (M2) provides a highly useful means of predicting laser beam propagation and focusing characteristics for both laser manufacturers and systems integrators. The Coherent ModeMaster PC enables rapid, accurate measurement of M2 for a wide range of CW and quasi­CW lasers with output from the ultraviolet to near infrared spectral range.
Focusing and optical imaging in applied laser technologies
Authors: Neumann Volker 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn the field of laser material processing the knowledge of the intensity distribution in the processed volume is of considerable importance. Both, manageable algorithms as well as some information about parameters that influence the beam profile, including limiting factors, are relevant for the practical application. This article compares the approach of focusing laser beams with the method using an imaging optical system. Different algorithms are described and practical consequences are discussed.
Well‐defined N‐Isopropylacrylamide Dual‐Sensitive Copolymers with LCST ≈38 °C in Different Architectures: Linear, Block and Star Polymers
Authors: Picos‐Corrales Lorenzo A. , Licea‐Claverie Angel , Cornejo‐Bravo Jose M. , Schwarz Simona , Arndt Karl‐Friedrich 
Published: January 2012

AbstractReversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is used to prepare temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive statistical copolymers with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) close to 38 °C at pH 7.4 based on N‐isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid derivative comonomers with a pKa close to 6. Statistical copolymers are re‐activated to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers and star polymers with cross‐linked core. The LCST is maintained by varying the architecture; however, the LCST originated behaviour changes due to self‐aggregation. Statistical copolymers and short block copolymers show complex aggregation, whereas mid‐size block copolymers and star polymers show shrinkage of aggregate dimensions. The pH of the medium has a profound impact on the self‐assembling behaviour of the different polymer architectures.
Photo‐Switchable Behavior of Azobenzene‐Dye‐Modified Silica Nanoparticles and Their Assembly With Cyclodextrin Derivatives
Authors: Isenbügel Kathrin , Gehrke Yvonne , Ritter Helmut 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe photochemically directed self‐assembly of azobenzene‐ and CD‐modified silica particles is presented. Azobenzene‐functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized from carbodiimide‐mediated condensation of the amine‐modified nanoparticles with (phenylazo)benzoic acid. The complementary host particles are synthesized by reacting amino‐SiO2 with monotosyl‐CD. DLS shows the UV‐triggered agglomeration and disaggregation of the particles due to (E)‐to‐(Z) isomerization of the azo group. The photoisomerization process is monitored using UV‐Vis spectrometry. This technique of directed self‐assembly of anisotropic particles is an attractive option to form useful 3D superstructures by tunable agglomeration.
Durch die Wand — Tunnelkontrolle chemischer Reaktionen
Authors: Ley David , Gerbig Dennis , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDurch den Tunneleffekt können quantenmechanische Teilchen energetische Barrieren durchdringen. Dieser Umstand hat Folgen für unser klassisch geprägtes Verständnis von Chemoselektivität, da sich chemische Systeme nicht immer durch Energiebarrieren eingrenzen lassen.
Katalyse für die chemische Wasserstoffspeicherung
Authors: Boddien Albert , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUnter den kohlenstoffbasierten Materialien bietet das Ameisensäure‐Bicarbonat‐System ein großes Potenzial zur Wasserstoffspeicherung. Moderne Homogenkatalysatorsysteme können hier selbst bei milden Temperaturen und Drücken sowohl die H2‐Speicherung als auch die H2‐Freisetzung katalysieren.
Cholesterin aus dem Essigsäure‐Zyklus
Authors: Schneider Richard E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFeodor Lynen entdeckte die Bedeutung des Cholesterins für die Medizin. Der Nobelpreisträger gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Chemiker, der molekulare Prozesse im menschlichen Körper erforschte. In diesem Jahr jährt sich der Geburtstag des ehemaligen GDCh‐Präsidenten zum 100. Mal.
Drei Optionen für die Ersatzteilmedizin
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNoch vor wenigen Jahren waren embryonale Stammzellen die einzige Hoffnung der regenerativen Medizin. Inzwischen gibt es Alternativen, da Forscher ausdifferenzierte Zellen in einen stammzell ähnlichen Zustand zurückbefördern oder direkt in eine andere Art von Zellen umwandeln können.
Einfache Probenvorbereitung, automatische Analyse
Authors: Grobosch Thomas , Mut Ludmilla , Binscheck Torsten 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEine neue Methode auf Basis von LC mit Diodenarraydetektion identifiziert und quantifiziert im toxikologischen Labor automatisch Fremdstoffe in Blut‐ oder Urinproben.
Aus dem Boden in die Luft
Authors: Trebs Ivonne , Oswald Robert , Behrendt Thomas , Meixner Franz X. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNitrithaltiger Boden ist eine wesentliche Quelle für salpetrige Säure und Hydroxylradikale in der Atmosphäre. Nitrithaltige Böden könnten somit das Klima stärker beeinflussen als bisher vermutet.
Electronic properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on stainless steel foils without diffusion barrier
Authors: Pianezzi F. , Chirilă A. , Blösch P. , Seyrling S. , Buecheler S. , Kranz L. , Fella C. , Tiwari A. N. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTCompared with rigid glass, manufacturing of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells on flexible stainless steel (SS) substrates has potential to reduce production cost because of the application of roll‐to‐roll processing. Up to now, high‐efficiency cells on SS could only be achieved when the substrate is coated with a barrier layer (e.g. SiOx or Si3N4) for hindering the diffusion of impurities, especially Fe, into the CIGS layer. In this paper, the effect of these impurities on the electronic transport properties of the device is investigated. Using admittance spectroscopy, the presence of a deep defect level at around 320 meV is observed, which deteriorates the efficiency of the solar cells. Furthermore, it is shown that reducing substrate temperature during CIGS deposition is an effective alternative to a barrier layer for reducing diffusion of detrimental Fe impurities into the absorber layer. By applying a CIGS growth process for deposition at low substrate temperatures, an efficiency of 17.7%, certified by Fraunhofer Institute ISE, Freiburg, was achieved on Mo/Ti‐coated SS substrate without an additional metal‐oxide or metal‐nitride impurity diffusion barrier layer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New hybrid membranes based on phosphonic acid functionalized silica particles for PEMFC
Authors: Labalme Etienne , David Ghislain , Buvat Pierrick , Bigarre Jannick , Boucheteau Thomas 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis work concerns the development of hybrid organic/inorganic membranes from styrenic phosphonic polymers. The phosphonic charge, composed phosphonic polymers grafted onto silica nanoparticles, was obtained by “grafting onto” method. It consists of synthesizing first the polymer, and then the terminal functions of the latter react with silanol groups of silica. The phosphonated polymer was isolated in two steps, that is, an ATRP polymerization of 4‐chloromethylstyrene followed by Mickaelïs‐Arbusov reaction. After the grafting onto silica, membranes are prepared through formulation containing the charge and the polymer matrix PVDF‐HFP, which are dispersed in DMF. The acid form is obtained by hydrolysis in chlorydric acid. The membrane possessing a 40 wt % charge ratio (IEC = 1.08 meq g−1) was selected as reference. A proton conductivity of 65 mS cm−1 at 80 °C was measured in immersed conditions. When the membrane is no more immersed, the value decreases drastically (0.21 mS cm−1 at 120 °C and 25% RH). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Predictive factors for psychological distress related to diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Iwatani Tsuguo , Matsuda Ayako , Kawabata Hidetaka , Miura Daishu , Matsushima Eisuke 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of the present study were as follows: (i) to clarify the proportion of women who experience psychological distress during breast cancer diagnosis and (ii) to identify the predictors of psychological distress related to the diagnostic process.MethodsThis was a longitudinal prospective study of women who required further breast examination. Questionnaires were administered at pre‐medical consultations (Time 1), after describing radiological examination (Time 2), and after explaining pathological findings (Time 3). All participants completed Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Breast, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual subscale at Time 1 to identify predictors. Participants also completed HADS at Times 2 and 3 to identify the presence or absence of psychological distress.ResultsOf the 222 eligible patients, at Time 2, 31 (22.6%) participants with no clinical abnormalities and 39 (45.9%) participants with abnormal findings had HADS scores of ≥11 points (χ2 test, 13.14; p < 0.001). At Time 3, 14 (28.0%) participants with benign breast changes and 24 (68.6%) participants with breast cancer had scores of ≥11 (χ2 test, 13.71; p < 0.001). Higher HADS scores at Time 1 were associated with the presence of psychological distress at all stages of breast cancer diagnosis. Advanced tumor stage was a predictor of psychological distress for participants with breast cancer (odds ratios = 3.314, 95% confidence interval = 1.033–9.509; p = 0.044).ConclusionThese results suggest that intensive psychological intervention is necessary for breast cancer patients with large tumors, as well as for women with suspected breast cancer with high HADS scores at pre‐consultation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.