bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the Formation of Ordered Domains on Surfaces: Theoretical Considerations and Monte‐Carlo Simulation
Authors: Binder K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWhen an adsorbed monolayer which initially is in a disordered state is suddenly brought to a temperature in the regime of the ordered phase, domains of the ordered phase are predicted to form and grow with time t after the quench according to a power law, i.e. linear dimension L(t) ∞ tx. At the same time, the structure function S(k,t) is predicted to satisfy a scaling law, S(k,t) = S̄(k,tx), k being the difference between the wave vector observed in the scattering and the Bragg wave vector describing the long range order. The theoretical ideas which lead to this behaviour are briefly reviewed, and evidence from simulations of simple lattice gas models and Potts models is presented. Particular attention is paid to the question whether the exponent x is universal, and what “universality classes” exist. It is also discussed how quenches to a critical point may yield information on the critical dynamics of adsorbed layers. Both the case of conserved and of nonconserved coverage is considered, which should apply to either chemisorbed monolayers or to physisorbed layers coexisting with the gas phase.
Einflüsse struktureller Gegebenheiten auf den Verlauf von heterogenen Festkörperreaktionen
Authors: Oswald H. R. , Reller A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA concept for investigations on the reactivity of solids is presented. Structural and morphological features as well as topotactical relationships between parent and product phases influencing the course of heterogeneous solid state reactions are emphasized. As it is shown, consistent mechanistic and kinetic interpretations afford, however, complementary studies by time and temperature dependent, e. g. thermoanalytical measurements under carefully controlled experimental conditions. The examples treated comprise thermal decompositions of selected transition metal complexes, mixed metal oxides and sulfides.
Chemical Kinetics Models for Complex Reacting Flows
Authors: Bowman Craig T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAnalytical models for complex reacting flows require coupling of the transport equations with an appropriate model for the chemical source term. In this paper, various approaches for incorporating chemical kinetics into complex flow models are discussed. A hierarchy of kinetics models of increasing complexity are presented, beginning with simple one‐parameter models based on local chemical equilibrium and ending with multi‐parameter detailed models, comprising many elementary chemical reactions. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the different modelling approaches are illustrated by quantitative comparisons of model predictions with experimental data. The complexity of the chemical kinetics model which can be incorporated into a flow model decreases as the complexity of the flow situation increases; hence, systematic methods for the reduction of the size of reaction mechanisms are required. Several strategies for this reduction are presented, and the effects of the reduction on model predictions are described.
Modelling of an Adiabatic, Catalytic Fixed Bed Reactor with Catalyst Deactivation and Pore‐Diffusional Effects for the Methanation of CO
Authors: Christoph R. , Baerns M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe initial activity of a catalyst for the methanation of residual CO in excess of hydrogen at temperatures below ca 520 K decreases from the onset of operation to a steady state value which subsequently remains constant. Based on the kinetics of CO hydrogenation, pore diffusion and catalyst deactivation, the time‐dependent activity behaviour of a single pellet in which the chemical reaction rate is determined by pore diffusion and that of an adiabatic catalytic fixed bed reactor was simulated for different conditions of operation. For both the deactivating pellet and the reactor bed the time‐dependent activity profiles vary with experimental conditions during initial operation. The time dependence of the overall activity of a single pellet is compared with experimental data (0.2 bar ≦ pco ≦ 0.4 bar; pH2 = 10 bar, 483 K ≦ T ≦ 503 K).
Activity coefficients in the system NaCl + Na2 succinate + H2O at 25°
Authors: Esteso Miguel A. , Fernandez‐Merida Luis , Hernandez‐Luis Felipe F. , Gonzalez‐Diaz Oscar M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMean ionic activity coefficients of NaCl and Na2Succ (Succ = Succinate ion) in their aqueous mixtures, NaCl + Na2Succ + H2O, were determined at total ionic strengths of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mol kg−1, from the emf measurements of galvanic cells. The results obtained were fitted to both the Harned rule and the Pitzer equations. Because the mixture studied is unsymmetrical, the higher‐order electrostatic terms must be taken into account to fit properly the values obtained for this thermodynamic parameter.
Transition Phenomena in Poly(diacetylene) Solutions Studied by Electric Birefringence Measurements
Authors: Hennecke Manfred , Oppermann Wilhelm 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn external electric field induces strong birefringence in solutions of poly(diacetylenes) when they are in the red (low temperature) form. The transient behaviour and the field‐strength dependence of the steady‐state birefringence reveal that the orientation of particles is predominantly due to a permanent dipole moment rather than to the anisotropy of polarizability. The estimated permanent dipole moments are in the order of tenthousand Debye units, this order of magnitude being incompatible with single macromolecules. Thus the view that aggregated particles are formed at low temperatures is supported by our experiments.
Correlation of Third Virial Coefficients to Second Virial Coefficients
Authors: Nhu Nguyen Van , Iglesias Gustavo A. , Kohler Friedrich 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA correlation is given for the prediction of third virial coefficients of pure substances and mixtures in terms of second virial coefficients. The substance properties which are needed for the correlation are the critical temperature, the reduced dipole moment, and the parameters for the hard body modelling the molecule. The correlation gives the third virial coefficient C in the temperature interval 0.85 < T/Tc < 1.5 within the experimental accuracy. For lower temperatures the correlation predicts positive values of C throughout, in contradiction to the current opinion, and this is made plausible by additional arguments. Values of C of polar components are highly sensitive on the reduced dipole moment. Mixture values of C are in similar agreement to experiment as pure component values.
Evaluation of local residual stress distribution of stator core in a rotating machine
Authors: Kai Yuichiro , Tsuchida Yuji , Todaka Takashi , Enokizono Masato 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIt is well known that magnetic properties deteriorate in constructed cores due to conditions of stress such as riveting and welding during the manufacturing process, or punching and shearing during the cutting of the electrical steel sheets. Therefore, it is important to know the relationship between the stress and magnetic properties of electrical steel in order to design electrical machinery. In this paper, the local residual stress distribution on the cross section of the stator core in a rotating machine is measured with an X‐ray stress measurement device. As a result, the difference in the residual stress distribution of each component is obtained in the teeth and core back of the stator core. In addition, we estimated the deterioration of the magnetic properties in the teeth region. We demonstrate that the magnetic properties of the electrical steel sheet deteriorated due to the residual stress. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 181(3): 1–8, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21271
Active device‐less voltage equalization charger using capacitors, diodes, and an AC power source
Authors: Uno Masatoshi , Tanaka Koji 
Published: July 2012

AbstractConventional cell/module voltage equalizers or equalization chargers based on traditional DC‐DC converters require numerous switches or transformers as the number of series connections increases; therefore, their cost and complexity tend to increase and their reliability decreases as the number of connections increases. This paper proposes a novel voltage equalization charger that consists only of passive components such as capacitors, diodes, and a transformer. The fundamental operating principle, major features, and derivation of equivalent DC circuits are presented. A symmetrical configuration is also proposed to mitigate the RMS current flowing through energy storage cells in the charging process. Simulations and experimental charging and cycle tests were performed on series‐connected electric double‐layer capacitor modules to demonstrate the equalization performance. The experimental and simulation results were in good agreement, and the voltage imbalances were gradually eliminated as time elapsed even during charge‐discharge cycling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 181(3): 39‐48, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21288
Graduates' reactions to recruitment process outsourcing: A scenario‐based study
Authors: Claus Wehner Marius , Giardini Angelo , Kabst Rüdiger 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study examines how successive outsourcing of recruitment activities to an external provider—also known as recruitment process outsourcing (RPO)—affects graduates' reactions. Using an experimental scenario technique, a total of 158 graduates participated in four hypothetical scenarios that have been developed as an experimental between‐subject design. Results provide support for negative effects of the extent of RPO on graduates' satisfaction with the recruitment process and company attractiveness. More‐over, mediated by graduates' satisfaction with the recruitment process and company attractiveness, an increasing extent of RPO negatively influences job‐acceptance intentions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Loss of relaxor properties due to dipolar interactions in ferroelectrics: A 2D Monte Carlo study
Authors: García‐Zaldívar O. , Díaz‐Méndez R. , Calderón‐Piñar F. , Peláiz‐Barranco A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe behavior of the dielectric response in relaxor ferroelectric materials is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations of a simple two‐dimensional (2D) generic model. It is showed that the shifting with the frequency of the peak of the temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity ε can be obtained just by considering a randomly distributed pinning anisotropy for the out‐plane projection of the polar nanoregions. It is also showed that the consideration of a weak long‐range dipolar interaction between nanodomains continuously drives the system to a non‐relaxor ferroelectric state in which a single peak is observed for the dielectric permittivity.
Evolutionary Attitudes and Literacy Survey (EALS): Development and Validation of a Short Form
Authors: Short Stephen D. , Hawley Patricia H. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The Evolutionary Attitudes and Literacy Survey (EALS) is a multidimensional scale consisting of 16 lower- and 6 higher-order constructs developed to measure the wide array of factors that influence both an individual’s endorsement of and objection to evolutionary theory. Past research has demonstrated the validity and utility of the EALS (Hawley et al., Evol Educ Outreach 4:117–132, 2011); however, the 104-item long-form scale may be excessive for researchers and educators. The present study sought to reduce the number of items in the EALS while maintaining the validity and structure of the long form. For the present study, and following best practices for short-form construction, we surveyed a new sample of several hundred undergraduates from multiple majors and reduced the long form by 40% while maintaining the scale structure and validity. A multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis supported strong factorial invariance across samples, and therefore verified structure and pattern between the six higher-order constructs of the long-form EALS and the EALS short form (EALS-SF). Regression analysis further demonstrated the short form’s validity (i.e., demographics and openness to experience) and replicated previous findings. In the end, the EALS-SF may be a versatile tool that may be used whole or in part for a variety of research areas, including curricular effectiveness of courses on evolution and/or biology.
Creatio ex nihiloin Palestinian Judaism and Early Christianity
Authors: Bockmuehl Markus 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecent decades have witnessed a near-consensus of critical opinion (1) that the idea of God's creation of matter ‘out of nothing’ is not affirmed in scripture, but instead (2) originated in a second-century Christian reaction against Gnosticism's convictions about matter as evil and creation as the work of an inferior Demiurge. (3) Judaism's interest, by contrast, was generally deemed late and philosophically derivative or epiphenomenal upon Christian ideas. This essay re-examines all three convictions with particular reference to the biblical creation accounts in Palestinian Jewish reception. After highlighting certain interpretative features in the ancient versions of Genesis 1, this study explores the reception of such ideas in texts like the Dead Sea Scrolls and early rabbinic literature. It is clear that the typically cited proof texts from biblical or deutero-canonical books indeed do not yield clear confirmation of the doctrine they have sometimes been said to prove. Genesis was understood even in antiquity to be somewhat ambiguous on this point, and merely to say that creation gave shape to formlessness need not entail anycreatio ex nihilo. This much seems uncontroversial. Nevertheless, closer examination also shows that the Scrolls and the rabbis do consistently affirm Israel's God as the creator ofallthings, explicitly including matter itself. Graeco-Roman antiquity axiomatically accepted that ‘nothing comes from nothing’, which also meant the pre-existence of matter. To be sure, the conceptual terminology of ‘nothingness’ came relatively late to Christians, and even later to Jews. Yet the substantive concern for God's free creation of the world without recourse to pre-existing matter is repeatedly affirmed in pre-Christian Jewish texts, and constitutes perhaps the single most important building block for the emergence of an explicit doctrine of ‘creation out of nothing’. In its Jewish and Christian origins, therefore, the idea ofcreatio ex nihiloaffirms creation's comprehensive contingency on the Creator's sovereignty and freedom. This in fact is a point which has been rightly and repeatedly accented in both historic and modern Christian theology on this subject (e.g. by K. Barth and E. Brunner, J. Moltmann and C. Gunton). Well before its explicit articulation in dialogue with Hellenistic philosophy, the doctrine of God's creation of all matter was rooted in biblical texts and their Jewish interpretation, which in turn came to be refined and enriched through Christian–Jewish dialogue and controversy.
Shallow sublittoral ecosystems in the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Mitchell R. , Earll R. C. , Dipper F. A. 
Published: July 2012

SynopsisRapid advances in scientific SCUBA diving have provided a means of investigating the previously difficult ground of the shallow sublittoral. Dhing surveys of the Inner Hebridean islands have been promoted and coordinated by the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC) and the Underwater Conservation Society (UCS) to provide appropriate data for reviewing the marine nature conservation importance of the area. Although the surveys have been extensive rather than intensive, and many areas have yet to be investigated, a short preliminary descriptive account of the communities of the shallow seas of the Inner Hebrides is presented in this paper.The classification and description of sublittoral habitats is essentially related to the substratum type and the influence of water movement and light penetration. Although the diversity of habitat types is probably less for the Inner Hebrides than either the outer islands or the mainland, the larger islands show a range of exposure from the sheltered mud of sea lochs to wave- and tide-exposed bedrock. The juxtaposition of three marine biogeographical regions around the British Isles is reflected in the biota of the Inner Hebrides. In addition to the typical ‘Scottish’ sublittoral biota there is an associated assemblage of south-western species, and a number of northern species at their south-western limit. In many areas the diversity of the biota is reduced by the intense grazing of the sea urchin Echinus esculentus, a notably Scottish phenomenon.
Effects of body positions on the saddle on pedalling technique for cyclists and triathletes
Authors: Bini Rodrigo Rico , Hume Patria A. , Lanferdini Fabio J. , Vaz Marco A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCyclists usually change their body position on the saddle depending on the characteristics of the race. We compared the effects of cycling at three body positions on the saddle (preferred/self‐selected, most forward, most backward) on pedalling technique for cyclists and triathletes. Twelve cyclists and nine triathletes performed four trials starting with the maximal aerobic workload, followed by three trials at the workload of their ventilatory threshold. Force applied on the right pedal via an instrumented pedal, lower limb kinematics via video and muscle activation via electromyography were recorded during all trials. Pedalling technique was quantified using total force applied on the pedal, pedal force effectiveness, activation of six lower limb muscles, joint angles and mechanical work at the ankle, knee and hip joints. Analyses using effect sizes showed no large effects from changes in position on the saddle for pedal forces, ankle joint work and ankle kinematics. There were large increases in knee joint angle and mechanical work and rectus femoris activation along with smaller hip work at the forward position on the saddle. Differences between cyclists and triathletes were not substantial. Effects of changes in saddle positions were limited to the hip and knee joints.
Hand evaluation of clothing fabrics from new biodegradable fibres
Authors: Grineviciute Diana , Krauledas Sigitas , Gutauskas Matas V. 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to perform instrumental comparison of hand parameters of knitted fabrics produced from different biodegradable fibres and to analyze peculiarities of hand parameters' extent influenced by fabric structure and chemical softening.Design/methodology/approachThe hand of five types of different biodegradable fabrics was evaluated. Experiments were performed using a method based on the principle of specimen biaxial punching deformation when a disc‐shaped specimen is extracted through a round nozzle. The Influence of fabric weave (terry and plain jersey) and finishing (padding with the silicone softener “Belfasin SI”) on the fabric hand was investigated.FindingsInvestigations have shown that weave type and finishing significantly influenced fabric hand properties. It was also stated that even tenuous differences between fabric parameters could be obtained by one numeral value of complex hand rate Q.Practical implicationsExperiments have shown that KTU–Griff–Tester is a simple, reliable instrumental device suitable to obtain quantitative information about fabric mechanical properties. Evaluation of finishing influence on a fabric hand could be precisely expressed by one parameter Q.Originality/valueIn the present research quantitative evaluation of new fabrics from biodegradable fibres hand was performed. Comparison between new biodegradable and traditional cotton fabrics has shown that new biodegradable fibres which are generally used for underwear, sportswear and for medical application are characterized by soft hand, as a result a good affinity with skin.
Prediction of Greek takeover targets via bootstrapping on mixed logit model
Authors: Tsagkanos Athanasios , Koumanakos Evangelos , Georgopoulos Antonios , Siriopoulos Costas 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of prediction of Greek takeover targets that belong to the industrial sector, emphasizing the econometric methodology and the prediction test.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a sample of 51 targets and 290 non‐targets exclusively from Greek industry over the period 1997‐2005. In order to achieve a better predictive accuracy the paper uses a new econometric methodology, the bootstrap mixed logit and different (more advanced) techniques of prediction test and choice of cutoff values.FindingsThe results exhibit that bootstrap mixed logit has significant and valuable predictive ability with respect to the classical conditional logit model. Furthermore, the predictive accuracy is higher than the results of other studies (e.g Palepu and Espahbodi and Espahbodi).Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is the application of the bootstrap mixed logit in analyzing Greek takeovers. The results change the prediction variables as well as the determinants of the takeover target characteristics for the Greek industry. This is meaningful, not only for the investors that seek to increase the value of their fortune through acquisitions, but also for the managers that can detect if their firm might be considered a takeover target.
Direct listing for total hip replacement (THR) by primary care physiotherapists
Authors: Parfitt Nicola , Smeatham Alison , Timperley John , Hubble Matthew , Gie Graham 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to show the results from a pioneering primary care‐based extended scope physiotherapist (ESP) led service, which placed patients directly onto the surgical waiting list of secondary care orthopaedic consultants over a two‐year period.Design/methodology/approachA retrospective data review was performed on all referrals from community‐based ESPs for direct listing at the secondary care hospital between 2 January 2008 and 31 December 2009.FindingsA total of 130 referrals for direct listing were made by the ESP team during the two‐year period. Of these, 127 (98 per cent) went on to undergo a THR. Three patients (2 per cent) did not ultimately have a THR.Research limitations/implicationsThis process has continued over the two years of the direct listing service, with ongoing evaluation and refinement of the pathway, so referral criteria and clinical/administrative pathways have been changed in the light of experience.Practical implicationsPatients who were directly listed did not require a hospital orthopaedic outpatient appointment until attendance at preoperative assessment clinic shortly before their surgery. In addition to the reduction in inconvenience and travelling costs incurred by patients, there was an approximate saving of £145 to the primary care trust per directly listed patient.Originality/valueThe authors believe that this service evaluation is the first publication to show that direct listing by primary care based ESPs is a safe and effective process for some patients requiring primary THR.