bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing range mismatching of interacting species under global change is related to their ecological characteristics
Authors: Schweiger Oliver , Heikkinen Risto K. , Harpke Alexander , Hickler Thomas , Klotz Stefan , Kudrna Otakar , Kühn Ingolf , Pöyry Juha , Settele Josef 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAim  We investigate the importance of interacting species for current and potential future species distributions, the influence of their ecological characteristics on projected range shifts when considering or ignoring interacting species, and the consistency of observed relationships across different global change scenarios.Location  Europe.Methods  We developed ecological niche models (generalized linear models) for 36 European butterfly species and their larval host plants based on climate and land‐use data. We projected future distributional changes using three integrated global change scenarios for 2080. Observed and projected mismatches in potential butterfly niche space and the niche space of their hosts were first used to assess changing range limitations due to interacting species and then to investigate the importance of different ecological characteristics.Results  Most butterfly species were primarily limited by climate. Species dwelling in warm areas of Europe and tolerant to large variations in moisture conditions were projected to suffer less from global change. However, a gradient from climate to host plant control was apparent, reflecting the range size of the hosts. Future projections indicated increased mismatching of already host‐plant‐limited butterflies and their hosts. Butterflies that utilize plants with restricted ranges were projected to suffer most from global change. The directions of these relationships were consistent across the scenarios but the level of spatial mismatching of butterflies and their host plants increased with the severity of the scenario.Main conclusions  Future changes in the co‐occurrence of interacting species will depend on political and socio‐economic development, suggesting that the composition of novel communities due to global change will depend on the way we create our future. A better knowledge of ecological species characteristics can be utilized to project the future fate and potential risk of extinction of interacting species leading to a better understanding of the consequences of changing biotic interactions. This will further enhance our abilities to assess and mitigate potential negative effects on ecosystem functions and services.
The socio‐economic modelling of the ALARM scenarios with GINFORS: results and analysis for selected European countries
Authors: Stocker Andrea , Omann Ines , Jäger Jill 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAim  This paper identifies socio‐economic driving forces of biodiversity change and analyses their political and economic dynamics by modelling socio‐economic parts of three scenario storylines developed for the ALARM (assessing large‐scale risks for biodiversity with tested methods) project. In the BAMBU (business‐as‐might‐be‐usual) scenario policy decisions already made in the European Union (EU) are implemented and enforced, but no additional measures are introduced. The GRAS (growth applied strategy) scenario describes a future world orientated towards economic growth and complete deregulation. And finally, SEDG (sustainable European development goal) is a normative scenario focusing on the achievement of sustainable development.Methods  The GINFORS (global inter‐industry forecasting system) model is applied to quantify the effects of different sets of policy measures representing the three scenarios. It allows investigation of the inter‐relations between socio‐economic driving forces and the state of the environment.Results  The presented results for the 25 EU countries focus on the following variables: unemployment, material extraction, energy supply and CO2 emissions. The lowest amount of unemployment is in the SEDG scenario, where it steadily decreases from 2005 to 2020. In BAMBU it falls to a level that is also below that of 2005. In GRAS, the number of unemployed people in 2020 is clearly over the value of 2005. The development of total material extraction from 2005 to 2020 is nearly stable in BAMBU, while it clearly increases in GRAS. Only in SEDG is there a reduction in resource use. None of the scenarios achieves a substantial reduction in energy use. However, the development of CO2 emissions shows a decoupling from energy supply. For BAMBU there is a slight decline in CO2 emissions over time, for GRAS they increase but with a slightly smaller growth rate than energy supply. In SEDG the emissions are reduced. The decoupling trends can be explained by a shift to more renewable energy sources in all scenarios, with the highest share in SEDG.Main conclusions  The results indicate that a growth‐oriented policy design, such as presented in the GRAS scenario, is not compatible with the conservation of biodiversity. Only in the SEDG scenario do the policy measures support the idea of a sustainable development, but in some respects they are still not ambitious enough.
Asymmetric trading by insiders – comparing abnormal returns and earnings prediction in Spain and Australia
Authors: Goncharov Igor , Hodgson Allan , Lhaopadchan Suntharee , Sanabria Sonia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper examines whether the ‘external governance’ imposed by comparative financial accounting standards reduces the trading advantage of insiders. We do this by directly comparing insider trading returns and insider’s ability to predict future earnings from accruals in Spain and Australia. Results show higher excess returns and greater prediction of future earnings from conditioned insider trading in Australia that is then utilized by financial analysts to lower forecast errors – particularly in contrarian‐based accruals trading. Possible explanations include: (i) a high asymmetric quality for market‐based accruals, (ii) information transfer from informed insiders to uninformed insiders and financial analysts and (iii) a more timely dissemination of financial information in Spain through different ownership and governance structures.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES BY GENDER: UNIT ROOT OR STRUCTURAL BREAKS?
Authors: Ozdemir Zeynel Abidin , Balcilar Mehmet , Tansel Aysit 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the possibility of unit roots in the presence of endogenously determined multiple structural breaks in the total, female and male labour force participation rates (LFPR) for Australia, Canada and the USA. We extend the procedure of Gil‐Alana for a single structural break to the case of multiple structural breaks at endogenously determined dates using the principles suggested by Bai and Perron. We use the Robinson LM test to determine the fractional order of integration. We find that endogenously determined structural breaks render the total, female and male LFPR series stationary or at best mean‐reverting.
MicroRNAs as tumour suppressors in canine and human melanoma cells and as a prognostic factor in canine melanomas
Authors: Noguchi S. , Mori T. , Hoshino Y. , Yamada N. , Maruo K. , Akao Y. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMalignant melanoma (MM) is one of the most aggressive cancers in dogs and in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms of its development and progression remain unclear. Presently, we examined the expression profile of microRNAs (miRs) in canine oral MM tissues and paired normal oral mucosa tissues by using the microRNA‐microarray assay and quantitative RT‐PCR. Importantly, a decreased expression of miR‐203 was significantly associated with a shorter survival time. Also, miR‐203 and ‐205 were markedly down‐regulated in canine and human MM cell lines tested. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of miR‐205 had a significant inhibitory effect on the cell growth of canine and human melanoma cells tested by targeting erbb3. Our data suggest that miR‐203 is a new prognostic factor in canine oral MMs and that miR‐205 functions as a tumour suppressor by targeting erbb3 in both canine and human MM cells.
Met interacts with EGFR and Ron in canine osteosarcoma
Authors: McCleese J. K. , Bear M. D. , Kulp S. K. , Mazcko C. , Khanna C. , London C. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Met is known to be over‐expressed in canine osteosarcoma (OSA). In human cancers, the RTKs Met, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ron are frequently co‐expressed and engage in heterodimerization, altering signal transduction and promoting resistance to targeted therapeutics. We found that EGFR and Ron are expressed in canine OSA cell lines and primary tissues, EGFR and Ron are frequently phosphorylated in OSA tumour samples, and Met is co‐associated with EGFR and Ron in canine OSA cell lines. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation induced amplification of ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in OSA cells and Met was phosphorylated following TGFα stimulation providing evidence for receptor cross‐talk. Lastly, treatment of OSA cells with combined gefitinib and crizotinib inhibited cell proliferation in an additive manner. Together, these data support the notion that Met, EGFR and Ron interact in OSA cells and as such, may represent viable targets for therapeutic intervention.
The Challenge of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prevention in Hemodialysis Therapy
Authors: Parker Mark G. , Doebbeling Bradley N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have challenged care process and resource utilization in the acute hospital care setting for nearly 30 years. These infections have become important causes of morbidity, mortality, and a source of concern in the primary and emergency care context over the past decade. As individuals receiving recurrent therapy with features of both ambulatory care and acute care, hemodialysis patients are exposed to numerous opportunities for MRSA acquisition. Surprisingly, high prevalence rates for MRSA colonization have been demonstrated for both hemodialysis patients and their care providers. The necessity of vascular access and the persistent high prevalence of endovascular catheter use among patients repeatedly exposed to healthcare settings provide the perfect milieu for the troubling rates of MRSA infection, particularly bloodstream infections, in outpatient dialysis care. Dialysis industry shifts, including increased requirements for compliance and reporting in other areas of dialysis care, tax resources for infection prevention processes. Multifaceted strategies that include reassessment of vascular access care, attention to the interruption of MRSA transmission dynamics, and emphasis on organizational learning processes are needed to accomplish a meaningful reduction in the morbidity, mortality, and cost associated with MRSA infections in dialysis care.
Acute down‐regulation of adenosine A1 receptor activity in status epilepticus
Authors: Hamil Nicola E. , Cock Hannah R. , Walker Matthew C. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPurpose:  Status epilepticus (SE) remains a potentially devastating condition that quickly becomes refractory to antiepileptic drug treatment and arises as a result of a failure of the brain’s endogenous antiepileptic mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms and how they are disrupted in SE is necessary in order to identify novel therapeutic approaches. Adenosine is considered an endogenous anticonvulsant. Extracellular concentrations increase coinciding with seizure termination; activation of A1 receptors (A1Rs) reduces seizure‐induced damage and epileptiform activity. The present study examines the effectiveness of focal drug delivery in a model of limbic SE that closely resembles the human condition and describes, for the first time, alterations in A1R signaling during prolonged seizures that may contribute to the progression from self‐terminating seizures to self‐sustaining SE (SSSE).Methods:  We developed a rat perforant path stimulation model in which 50% of rats develop SSSE and tested whether modulation of A1Rs influenced SSSE development when drugs were infused to the dentate gyrus. We further determined the ability of A1Rs to modulate perforant path to granule cell transmission in hippocampal slices taken from sham‐operated control and post‐SE animals.Key Findings:  Adenosine (3 μm) and the A1R‐selective agonist 2‐chloro‐N6‐cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA; 10 μm) reduced the severity of SSSE as measured by spike count, electroencephalography power and behavioral seizure score. In addition, CCPA suppressed the progression to SSSE. Surprisingly, the A1R‐selective antagonist 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; 1 μm) had no effect on the severity of or progression to SSSE, suggesting a lack of intrinsic A1R activation. Immunohistochemistry revealed no alterations in total A1R expression. However, we observed a marked down‐regulation of A1R modulation of neurotransmission in vitro, indicating acute A1R desensitization.Significance:  These findings indicate that A1R activation can prevent the progression to SE and suggest that reduced A1R signaling promotes the transition of seizures to SSSE.
Kindling‐induced asymmetric accumulation of hippocampal 7S SNARE complexes correlates with enhanced glutamate release
Authors: Matveeva Elena A. , Davis Verda A. , Whiteheart Sidney W. , Vanaman Thomas C. , Gerhardt Greg A. , Slevin John T. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPurpose:  To correlate kindling‐associated alterations of the neurotransmitter secretory machinery, glutamate release in the trisynaptic hippocampal excitatory pathway, and the behavioral evolution of kindling‐induced epileptogenesis.Method:  Neurotransmitter release requires the fusion of vesicle and plasma membranes; it is initiated by formation of a stable, ternary complex (7SC) of SNARE [soluble N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor] proteins. Quantitative Western blotting was used to monitor levels of 7SC and SNARE regulators [NSF, SV2 (synaptic vesicle protein 2)] in hippocampal synaptosomes from amygdala‐kindled animals. Hippocampal synaptic glutamate release was measured in vivo with a unique microelectrode array (MEA) that uses glutamate oxidase to catalyze the breakdown of glutamate into a reporter molecule.Key Findings:  Ipsilateral hippocampal accumulation of 7SC developed with onset of amygdalar kindling, but became permanent only in animals stimulated to at least Racine stage 3; the ratio peaked and did not increase with more than two consecutive stage 5 seizures. Chronic 7SC asymmetry was seen in entorhinal cortex and the hippocampal formation, particularly in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1, but not in the other brain areas examined. There was a strong correlation between asymmetric 7SC accumulation and increased total hippocampal SV2. Following a 30‐day latent period, amplitudes of spontaneous synaptic glutamate release were enhanced in ipsilateral DG and reduced in ipsilateral CA3 of kindled animals; increased volleys of synaptic glutamate activity were seen in ipsilateral CA1.Significance:  Amygdalar kindling is associated with chronic changes in the flow of glutamate signaling in the excitatory trisynaptic pathway and with early but permanent changes in the mechanics of vesicular release in ipsilateral hippocampal formation.
Contested Ecologies: Environmental Activism and Urban Space in Immigrant Paris
Authors: NEWMAN ANDREW 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn 2007, the City of Paris unveiled theJardins d'Éole, a new park built in a low‐income, predominately immigrant district of the city. The park resulted from an environmentalist mobilization led by residents and is an innovative example of sustainable urban design. This article highlights the spatial contestation surrounding the mobilization to build and design the park, and its impact upon class‐based, gendered, and ethno‐racial inequalities in Paris. It suggests that a complex environmental arena is reshaping the urbanization process in contradictory ways, at times providing residents a new means to confront injustices, while at other moments reproducing socio‐spatial inequalities.
Preparation and Dielectric Property of Al and N Co‐Doped SiC Powder by Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Su Xiaolei , Zhou Wancheng , Xu Jie , Wang Junbo , He Xinhai , Fu Chong , Li Zhimin 
Published: December 2011

As an absorber of microwave, the Al and N co‐doped SiC powders have been synthesized by combustion synthesis in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere, using silicon and carbon black as the raw material, polytetrafluoroethylene as the chemical activator, aluminum and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as the doping resource, respectively. XRD, SEM, EDS, and Raman spectra were utilized in analyzing phases, morphology, and chemical composition. Results show that the prepared powders are the Al and N co‐doped SiC powders. The electric permittivities of prepared powders were determined in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. When the molar ratio of Al to NH4Cl change from 0.5 to 1, the electric permittivities of prepared powders in a nitrogen atmosphere decrease and reach the least values for the prepared powders in an argon atmosphere. The dielectric loss mechanism has been discussed.
Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia applicability in myocardial infarction prevention and recovery
Authors: Sanchis‐Gomar Fabian , Viña Jose , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) has been the focus of important research in cardioprotection, and it has been associated with several mechanisms. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia inhibits prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) activity, increasing the stabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) and activating crucial adaptative genes. It has been hence suggested that IHH might be a simple intervention, which may offer a thoughtful benefits to patients with acute myocardial infarction and no complications. Nevertheless, several doubts exist as to whether IHH is a really safe technique, with little to no complications in post‐myocardial infarction patients. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia might produce instead unfavourable changes such as impairment of vascular hemodynamics and hypertensive response, increased risk of hemoconcentration and thrombosis, cardiac rhythm perturbations, coronary artery disease and heart failure, insulin resistance, steatohepatitis and even high‐altitude pulmonary oedema in susceptible or nonacclimatized patients. Although intermittent and chronic exposures seem effective in cardioprotection, IHH safety issues have been mostly overlooked, so that assorted concerns should be raised about the opportunity to use IHH in the post‐myocardial infarction period. Several IHH protocols used in some studies were also aggressive, which would hamper their widespread introduction within the clinical practice. As such, further research is needed before IHH can be widely advocated in myocardial infarction prevention and recovery.
Bone quality and quantity of the anterior maxillary trabecular bone in dental implant sites
Authors: Wakimoto Mari , Matsumura Tatsushi , Ueno Takaaki , Mizukawa Nobuyoshi , Yanagi Yoshinobu , Iida Seiji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of implant sites on the edentulous alveolar ridge in the anterior maxilla. We studied the bone quantity and quality of implant sites at the anterior maxilla using CT images for the 33 implant sites on patients who underwent dental implant therapy in our Department since 2006.Materials and methods:Computed tomography (CT) images of 33 patients (20 women: 13 men) encompassing 33 implant sites were chosen and examined. The recipient sites for implant placement were determined based on CT data using an implant planning software (Simplant 11.0). The mean bone density values in Hounsfield unit (HU) were recorded using Simplant for both the simulated implant areas and the trabecular bone width. We classified the edentulous alveolar ridge and bone quality according to a classification based on Lekholm and Zarb (1985).Results:Incisors had higher bone densities than canines. Women had lower bone densities than men. Canines displayed greater trabecular bone density and alveolar bone widths than incisors. No maxillary sites were judged to have a bone quality of 1 in this group. Quality 3 accounted for 69.7% of the total samples.Conclusions:An assessment of bone quality in the anterior alveolar ridge may well reflect age‐related systemic pathological conditions and should be used in dental implant treatment planning to avoid associated risk factors.
Effects of coumestrol administration to maternal mice during pregnancy and lactation on renal Ca metabolism in neonatal mice
Authors: UEDA Michihisa , HORIGUCHI Yoshihiro , SUGIMOTO Miki , IKEDA Shuntaro , KUME Shinichi 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to clarify the effects of coumestrol administration to maternal mice during pregnancy and lactation on serum Ca and Ca metabolism in their neonatal mice. From 6.5 to 16.5 days post coitus and from 3 to 10 days after parturition, maternal mice were administered at 200 µg/kg body weight/day of coumestrol. Coumestrol administration did not affect weight gains, serum Ca and the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein in the kidney of neonatal mice, but weight gains of maternal mice were decreased by coumestrol administration. Coumestrol administration increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of epithelial Ca channels 1 (ECaC1) and VDR in the kidney of neonatal mice, and also increased the mRNA expressions of ECaC2 in the kidney and small intestine of male neonatal mice. The mRNA expressions of ECaC1, ECaC2, calbindin‐D9k (CaBP‐9k) and estrogen receptor (ER)α in the kidney and VDR in the small intestine of male neonatal mice were higher than those of female mice. Thus, coumestrol administration to maternal mice during pregnancy and lactation may affect renal Ca metabolism in neonatal mice, especially male neonatal mice via maternal milk.