bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Quality Parameters of Mango Juices Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Sabir Kokab , Ahmad Naveed , Ali Hina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The potential of fluorescence spectroscopy has been effectively utilized to assess and analyze commercially available mango juice samples, enabling their characterization and differentiation based on their unique fluorescence signatures. These fluorescence emission spectra exhibit distinct and pronounced peaks at wavelength of 445, 469, 522, 545, 580, 634, 674 and 772 nm indicating the presence of various fluorophores including water content, beta carotene, tartrazine color and components of chlorophyll. Adulteration effects were analyzed by the addition of water and food color in the original pulp. Furthermore, thermal effects on the molecular composition of mango pulp are presented. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been utilized for the characterization of different brands of commercially available mango juices for the greater understanding. The analysis classified mango juice brands into two main clusters, with some juices scattered separately, indicating variations in mango pulp content and adulteration. The clustering patterns correlated with label information, particularly regarding water and mango pulp percentages. Additionally, PCA revealed that the amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid was a significant determinant in the classification of mango juice samples. In general, fluorescence emission spectroscopy along with PCA proved to be successful in classifying mango juice brands according to their spectral characteristics, offering information on composition and quality.
Hypo-osmotic stress shifts transcription of circadian genes
Authors: Qifti Androniqi , Adeeko Ayobami , Rennie Maddie , McGlaughlin Elizabeth , McKinnon David , Rosati Barbara , Scarlata Suzanne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Cells respond to hypo-osmotic stress by initial swelling followed by intracellular increases in the number of osmolytes and initiation of gene transcription that allow cells to adapt to the stress. Here, we have studied the genes that change expression under mild hypo-osmotic stress for 12 and 24 hours in rat cultured smooth muscle cells (WKO-3M22). We find shifts in the transcription of many genes, several of which are associated with circadian rhythm, such as per1, nr1d1, per2, dbp, and Ciart. To determine whether there is a connection between osmotic stress and circadian rhythm, we first subjected cells to hypo-osmotic stress for 12 hours, and find that Bmal, a transcription factor whose nuclear localization promotes transit through the cell cycle, localizes to the cytoplasm, consistent with cell cycle arrest. Bmal nuclear localization recovers after 24 hours and cell cycle resumes even though the osmotic stress remains elevated. We postulated that osmotic force is transmitted into the cell by deforming membrane domains called caveolae, which releases one of its structural proteins, cavin-1, which can travel to the nucleus and affect gene transcription. In support of this idea, we find that Bmal localization becomes independent of osmotic stress with cavin-1 down-regulation, and Bmal localization is independent of osmotic stress in a cell line that lacks caveolae. These studies indicate that osmotic stress transiently arrests cell cycle progression through caveolae deformation.
Clinical Experience with a New, Non-Acidified Liquid Human Milk Fortifier in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.
Authors: Moya Fernando , Fowler Jennifer , Florens Adrian , Frank Kirsten , Dombrowski Jennifer , Davis Olivia , Blanks Tiffony , Gratton Austin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare nutritional outcomes among infants receiving a new non-acidified liquid human milk fortifier (NALHMF) or an acidified liquid human milk fortifier (ALHMF).
Study Design:
Retrospective, multicenter study including 515 VLBW infants. Primary outcome was growth velocity during fortification. Student’s t, ANOVA, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for numeric variables, or, chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Growth velocity between groups was compared with repeated measures regression.
Results
242 and 273 infants received ALHMF and NALHMF, respectively, with no demographic differences between the groups. Growth velocity during fortification was significantly higher in the group receiving NALHMF, despite similar total fluid or calorie intake. Metabolic acidosis was diagnosed less frequently with the NALHMF, with marked differences between centers.
Conclusion
Fortification of human milk using the new NALHMF resulted in faster growth velocity during fortification and less metabolic acidosis compared with feeding human milk fortified with an ALHMF.
Pediatric Surgery Collaboration in Uganda, the Benefits of Long Term Partnerships at Regional Referral Hospitals
Authors: Klazura Greg , Kayima Peter , Situma Martin , Musinguzi Edwin , Mugarura Robert , Nyonyintono James , Yap Ava , Cope James , Akello Richard , Kiwanuka Emmanuel , Odonkara Moses , Okellowange Chelsea , Adongpiny Jennifer , Lakwanyero Daniels , Atim Patricia , Cadrine Aber Patience , Olara Joshua , Boppana Amulya , Laverde Ruth , d'Agostino Sergio , Cigliano Bruno , Ozgediz Doruk , Sims Thomas , Kisa Phyllis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: In 2022 there were only seven pediatric surgeons in Uganda, but approximately 170 are needed. Consequently, Ugandan general surgeons treat most pediatric surgical problems at regional hospitals. Accordingly, stakeholders created the Pediatric Emergency Surgery Course, which teaches rural providers identification, resuscitation, treatment and referral of pediatric surgical conditions. In order to improve course offerings and better understand pediatric surgery needs we collected admission and operative logbook data from four participating sites. One participating site, Lacor Hospital, rarely referred patients and had a much higher operative volume. Therefore, we sought to understand the causes of this difference and the resulting economic impact.
Methods: Over a four-year period, data was collected from logbooks at four different regional referral hospitals in Uganda. Patients < 18 years old with a surgical diagnosis were included. Patient LOS, referral volume, age, and case type were compared between sites and DALYs were calculated and converted into monetary benefit.
Results: Over four sites, 8,615 admissions, and 5,457 cases were included. Lacor patients were younger, had a longer length of stay, and were referred less. Additionally, Lacor’s long-term partnerships with a high-income country institution, a missionary organization, and visiting Ugandan and international pediatric surgeons were unique. In 2018, the pediatric surgery case volume was: Lacor (967); Fort Portal (477); Kiwoko (393); and Kabale (153), resulting in a substantial difference in long-term monetary health benefit.
Conclusion: Long-term international partnerships may advance investments in surgical infrastructure, workforce, and education in low- and middle-income countries. This collaborative model allows stakeholders to make a greater impact than any single institution could make alone.
The serum metabolic profile plays a role in mediating the regulatory impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on susceptibility to obesity in mice
Authors: Huang Jingrong , Chen Baoting , Wen Yuhang , Luo Yadan , Lv Shuya , Qiu Hao , Chen Huanxin , He Lvqin , Feng Baochun , Yu Zehui , Zhao Mingde , Yang Qian , He Manli , Xiao Wudian , Zou Xiaoxia , Lu Ruilin , Gu Congwei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Obesity is a multifaceted health concern that is impacted by genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, with varying levels of individual susceptibility. Research has identified distinct physiological characteristics among individuals with differing susceptibilities to obesity. Prior research has demonstrated notable variances in gut microbiota and gut metabolites between obesity-prone (OP) individuals and those obesity-resistance (OR). However, the potential impact of these differences on serum metabolites remains uncertain, as does the potential role of serum metabolite changes in influencing susceptibility to obesity. We performed non-targeted metabolomic analysis on serum samples from OP and OR mice. Subsequently, correlation analysis was conducted on the data pertaining to serum metabolites, gut microbiota, gut metabolites, obesity-related physiological indicators, among other factors. This study aimed to investigate the association between alterations in serum metabolites and gut microbiota and metabolites in OP and OR mice, as well as to examine the impact of serum metabolites on susceptibility to obesity. Our research demonstrates that following HFD, gut 8Z,11Z,14Z-Eicosatrienoic acid (ESA) and gut Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can impact lipid levels through the regulation of serum Arachidonic acid (AA) and serum EPA. EPA also influences the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, resulting in increased lipid accumulation. Moreover, Ruminiclostridium_9 exacerbates levels of serum saturated fatty acids and serum AA by decreasing EPA. Additionally, gut Hydroxybenzoic acid influences susceptibility to lipid accumulation by elevating serum Choline levels. These alterations contribute to the development of susceptibility to obesity, indicating that variations in serum metabolites play a significant role in susceptibility disparities, with the serum metabolites being influenced by gut microbiota and gut metabolites.
Establishment and validation of a prognostic model based on grouping of vasculogenic mimicry-related genes in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhao Xueyuan , Jia Yan , Wen Weijia , Shao Caixia , Zou Qiaojian , Chen Linna , Jiang Hongye , Yang Guofen , Wang Wei , Zhang Chunyu , Yao Shuzhong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a vascular-like microcirculatory delivery system directly formed by tumor cells. It plays significant roles in tumor invasion and resistance to antiangiogenic drugs. However, there is no model based on VM for ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis.
Results
The occurrence and progression of OC is associated with vasculogenic mimicry-related genes (VMGs) interactions in a cellular network. The prognostic VMGs can distinguish between two subgroups with significantly different prognoses. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the subgroups suggest that certain signaling pathways and cellular functions are involved in the formation or promotion of VM. Based on filtered DEGs, a prognostic model was constructed and demonstrated outstanding performance in internal and external validations. The model results do not affect the distribution of clinical features and can be used to construct a nomogram. There are differences in immune cell composition and immune infiltration between the high-risk group and the low-risk group. Differences also exist in their resistance and sensitivity to certain drugs. Finally, subgroups analysis demonstrated differences in ovarian cancer VM structures which may be associated with different expressions of VMGs and VM-related prognostic indices (VMRPI).
Conclusions
VM may play a crucial role in the development and tumor immune microenvironment of serous ovarian cancer. VMRPI holds promise as a valuable prognostic biomarker. This is the first time that it is used to identify high risk OC patients with ovarian cancer and may indicate responsiveness to specific drug treatments.
Understanding maternal mortality: A multifaceted analysis of demographic, temporal, and contextual factors
Authors: Khan Noor Ullah , Asif Nida , Miraj Muhammad Arqam , Khalid Hamza , Awan Talha Bin , Khan Maaz Ahmed , Khalid Nimra , Khan Muneeb Ullah , Safi Sidequllah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Maternal mortality remains a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the factors contributing to maternal deaths is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse demographic, temporal, and contextual factors associated with maternal mortality using the three-delay model framework.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of secondary data from the Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey 2018–19 was conducted. The data were extracted from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey Verbal Autopsy dataset. Descriptive statistics and stratified analyses were performed to assess demographic characteristics, the timing of maternal deaths, and delays in care-seeking behavior.
Results
The study included 1,177 maternal deaths, with a mean age of 34 years. The majority of deaths occurred in health facilities (93.4%), primarily due to direct obstetric causes such as hemorrhage and sepsis. Delays in decision-making (mean delay: 3.81 days), accessing care (mean delay: 3.74 hours), and receiving treatment (mean delay: 7.58 minutes) were observed. Notably, 56.2% of deaths occurred within 42 days postpartum. The reasons for delays included financial constraints, geographical challenges, and resource limitations.
Conclusions
Addressing maternal mortality requires a multifaceted approach that targets sociodemographic disparities and healthcare system deficiencies. Efforts should focus on improving access to timely and quality maternal healthcare services, addressing contextual barriers, and strengthening health systems. Tailored interventions based on the Three Delays Model can contribute to reducing maternal mortality and improving maternal health outcomes in low-resource settings.
Game-Theoretic Implications for Uncovering the Effects of Virtual Tipping in Complex User Networks
Authors: Ueki Shintaro , Toriumi Fujio , Sugawara Toshiharu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Consumer-generated media (CGM), including social live streaming service (SLSS), often incorporate gamification elements to engage users. Online virtual tips and gifts, such as ”bits” in Twitch, exemplify this approach by fostering interactive dynamics between live streamers and their audience. However, issues remain in understanding the impact of (virtual) tips on user behavior and how platform commissions, which are partly collected from the tips provided by other users, influence the platform’s overall revenue and user behavioral strategies. This study considers a CGM/SLSS platform, such as Twitch, as a variation of the public goods game and proposes a game-theoretical model integrated with a platform-mediated tipping system with a certain commission rate. In experiments , the proposed model was applied to artificial and actual SLSS networks, demonstrating that the influence of a tipping system on user behavior is significant , impacting the motivation for live streaming and the effort to improve its quality. Depending on individual preferences for psychological or monetary reward, the commission rate is determined by the platform depending on the users’ network positions, such as the degree of connectivity, which corresponds to the number of followers/followees in SLSS networks. Our findings offer valuable insights into the design and management of SLSS platforms and further suggest that there may be an appropriate commission rate to maximize platform revenue.
Can overweight/obesity be prevented among drinkers by appropriately modifying breakfast habits? A national cross-sectional study
Authors: He Feiying , Fu Rong , Zhang Xingran , Zhai Jingbo , Huang Zhixiang , Wu Yibo , Shi Lei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose Alcohol consumption is a significant factor in obesity, yet the effects of different drinking habits and breakfast intake on the body weight of this population are still controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between breakfast habits and overweight/obesity among individuals who consumed alcohol.
Methods Data for the study were collected from the 2022 Psychological and Behavioral Survey of Chinese Residents Research (PBICR), which employed a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance any disparities in the distribution of demographic characteristics. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between alcohol consumption and overweight/obesity.
Results Ourstudy revealed that individuals who consumed alcohol regularly had a greater risk of being overweight/obese than did former drinkers (OR=1.150, 95% CI=1.003, 1.318). Furthermore, the risk of overweight/obesity was greater among those who preferred spirits than among those who preferred beer (OR=1.655, 95% CI=1.441, 1.900). Notably, consistent alcohol drinkers who consumed breakfast three to four times a week were less likely to be overweight/obese than those who consumed breakfast daily (OR=0.595, 95% CI=(0.405,0.874). Additionally, individuals who consumed three types of breakfast per meal exhibited a greater risk of overweight/obesity than did those who consumed one type or less of breakfast per meal (OR=1.642, 95% CI=1.070, 2.522).
Conclusion Among all drinking populations, those who consistently consume alcohol and drink spirits are at a greater risk of being overweight or obese. Furthermore, eating breakfast three to four times a week was found to be a protective factor against overweight/obesity, whereas consuming certain types of breakfast regularly was identified as a risk factor for overweight/obesity.
Discovery of a New Class of Cell-Penetrating Peptides by Novel Phage Display Platform
Authors: Liu Jinsha , Heddleston John , Perkins Douglas Raymond , Chen Jack Jia Hua , Ghanbarpour Ahmadreza , Smith Bill William , Miles Rebecca , Aihara Eitaro , Afshar Sepideh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The primary hurdles for small interference RNA (siRNA) in clinical use are targeted and cytosolic delivery. To overcome both challenges, we have established a novel platform based on phage display, called NNJA. In this approach, a lysosomal cathepsin substrate is engineered within the flexible loops of PIII, that is displaying a unique random sequence at its N-terminus. NNJA library selection targeting cell-expressed targets should yield specific peptides localized in the cytoplasm. That is because phage internalization and subsequent localization to lysosome, upon peptide binding to the cell expressed target, will result in cleavage of PIII, rendering phage non-infective. Such phage will be eliminated from the selected pool and only peptide-phage that escapes lysosomes will advance to the next round. Proof of concept studies with the NNJA library demonstrated cytosolic localization of selected peptide-phage and peptide-siRNA, confirmed through confocal microscopy. More importantly, conjugation of siHPRT to monomeric or multimeric NNJA peptides resulted in significant reduction in HPRT mRNA in various cell types without significant cytotoxicity. Sequence similarity and clustering analysis from NGS dataset provide insights into sequence composition facilitating cell penetration. NNJA platform offers a highly efficient peptide discovery engine for targeted delivery of oligonucleotides to cytosol.
A Bipartite Network Analysis of International Trade Volatility
Authors: Schoeneman John , Brienen Marten , Lambert Lixia , Lambert Dayton 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study examines the unprecedented global trade disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and their propagation through international supply chains. By analyzing monthly data for 75 countries across 1,260 product categories, we find that declining trade disruptions are more concentrated than surge disruptions, indicating a broader impact of negative shocks on global trade. Our findings also suggest that disruptions in export flows tend to have a greater effect than those in imports, and that trade disruptions within a given commodity are more likely to spread to other countries trading in that same commodity rather than to other commodities traded by the same country. These insights offer valuable lessons for firms and policymakers seeking to mitigate the effects of future exogenous shocks on global markets and supply chains.
A UVC photodetector based on Mg-doped ZnO film
Authors: Ren Bowen , Zhai Jiawei , Song Jinhui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) can find extensive applications in fire prevention, ozone hole monitoring, navigation, and more, for the advantage of no solar background radiation in the UVC band (200-280 nm) at the earth's surface. However, most of the UVC PDs reported in recent years, including gallium oxide PDs, zinc oxide-based PDs, and aluminum nitride PDs, suffer from the complex and costive fabrication process, which requires high-temperature material fabrication and high fabrication costs. Here, we report a UVC PD composed of magnesium-doped zinc oxide (MgZnO) photosensitive functional material via a simple low-temperature sol-gel fabrication method. In the study, firstly, the synthesizing method of the MgZnO photosensitive functional layer is systematically investigated. Then, the optical bandgap change of MgZnO with the doped Mg concentrations is explored. The physical model of the relationship between the Mg-doped concentrations and the optical bandgap of the MgZnO photosensitive functional layer is established by spectroscopic methods. Based on the doping study, a highly responsive MgZnO UVC PD has been designed and fabricated. The MgZnO UVC PD shows a response bandwidth of 200 nm-280 nm, a high responsivity of 108 mA/W, and rise and fall times as low as 0.4 s and 2.4 s, respectively. The work reported here may open an easy, low-cost route for developing UVC PDs.
The role of body composition in neurological and hematologic toxicity in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The COMBOTOX study
Authors: Leone Alba Di , Filippone Alessio , Maggiore Claudia , Rossi Maria Maddalena , Rossi Cristina , Micco Annalisa Di , Forcina Lucia , Franco Antonio , Ionta Lucia , Fabi Alessandra , Paris Ida , Scardina Lorenzo , Sanchez Alejandro Martin , Pafundi Pia Clara , Franceschini Gianluca , Masetti Riccardo , Magno Stefano 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has a well estabilished role in locally advanced or chemoresponsive breast cancers (BC). Chemotherapic regimens are effective when patients receive the optimal doses. Toxicities are common in overweight/obese patients but may occur also in normal weight counterparts. This lead to delays, reductions or discontinuation of treatment, with impact on outcomes. Current dosing is based on body weight and predicted Body Surface Area (BSA). These parameters do not take into consideration the individual variations of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) that affect pharmacokinetics. Assessment of body composition (BoCo), rather than Body Mass Index (BMI), could help to better plan chemotherapy and reduce drug-related toxicities. Our aim was to analyze the correlations between body weight, anthropometric measures, BoCO and toxicities related to NAC in non metastatic BC patients.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study that includes 120 consecutive BC patients undergoing NAC, enrolled between May 2018 and December 2020. All patients received an evaluation of anthropometric parameters (height, weight, waist and hip circumference, BMI) and an assessment of BoCo using Segmental Multi Frequency-Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.
Results: A logistic regression models confirmed that a higher FM was associated with a higher rate of neurological and hematological toxicities in protocols containing Platinum. Moreover, patients with a low FFM% have a higher risk for hematologic toxicity in protocols containing Platinum.
Conclusion: A routinary assessment of BoCo, in addition to evaluation of anthropometric measures and BMI, could allow to personalize chemotherapy doses, in order to reduce chemotherapy-related toxicities.