bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRT letter: Human bloodstains on antique aboriginal weapons: A guiding low‐vacuum sem study of erythrocytes in experimental samples on ethnographically documented biological raw materials
Authors: Hortolà Policarp 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe aboriginal use of reed and bone as raw materials for knives and daggers, respectively, has been well‐documented ethnographically in some geographical areas of Melanesia. Because of the significant role that these weapons played in inter‐ and intra‐ethnic aggression, they can potentially have retained smears from the contact with human blood. To carry out a guiding low‐vacuum scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of specific interest to ethnography, the outsides of a fragment of stalk of giant cane (Arundo donax) and tibial diaphysis of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) were smeared with peripheral human blood. No biological specimen preparation was applied to the samples. After just over 1 month, bloodstain boundaries and their neighboring inner areas were examined via secondary electrons by a variable‐pressure SEM (VP‐SEM) working in low‐vacuum mode. On both substrates, bloodstains exhibited micro‐scales. No janocyte (erythrocyte negative replica) was observed in the examined areas. However, erythrocytes were seen crowded together as grain‐shaped corpuscles in the smear on reed, and several hecatocytes (moon‐like shaped erythrocytes) were evidenced in the smear on bone. The results of this study suggest that a VP‐SEM working in low‐vacuum mode can be used fruitfully to detect blood remains in medium‐sized reed and bone antique aboriginal artifacts. This procedure can prospectively help to ethnographic museum curators and aboriginal‐art surveyors as an easy guiding test in the valuation of antique traditional weapons prior to acquisition, when the real use of a piece has been claimed by the supplier. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1007–1011, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The fetal profile line: a proposal for a sonographic reference line to classify forehead and mandible anomalies in the second and third trimester
Authors: de Jong‐Pleij Elisabeth A. P. , Ribbert Lucia S. M. , Pistorius Lou R. , Tromp Ellen , Bilardo Caterina M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo test the fetal profile (FP) line, defined as the line that passes through the anterior border of the mandible and the nasion, as a reference line for forehead and mandible anomalies.MethodsVolumes of 248 normal and 24 pathological fetuses (16–36 and 19–37 weeks’ gestation, respectively) were analysed retrospectively. When the FP line passes anteriorly, across or posteriorly to the frontal bone, this was defined as ‘negative’, ‘zero’ or ‘positive’, respectively. When the FP line was positive the distance (F distance) between the FP line and the frontal bone was measured.ResultsNo cases with a negative FP line were found in the normal fetuses. Before 27 weeks’ gestation the FP line was always ‘zero’ except in one case. After 27 weeks’ gestation the FP line was ‘positive’ in up to 25% (F distance (mean, range): 2.8, 2.1–3.6 mm). The FP line correctly identified 13 cases with retrognathia, 5 cases with frontal bossing and 3 cases with a sloping forehead.ConclusionAlthough large prospective studies are needed, the FP line may be a useful tool to detect second trimester profile anomalies such as retrognathia, sloping forehead and frontal bossing with the possibility of quantifying the latter. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal IgM antibody status in confirmed fetal cytomegalovirus infection detected by sonographic signs
Authors: Goncé Anna , Marcos M. Angeles , Borrell Antoni , López Marta , Nadal Alfons , Figueras Francesc , Gratacós Eduard 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the value of maternal IgM to cytomegalovirus (CMV) as a predictive factor of fetal infection in fetuses with sonographic markers.MethodsObservational study (2006–2011) including a consecutive series of 19 fetuses with sonographic markers of fetal infection and confirmed infection by positive CMV‐DNA in amniotic fluid or fetal blood. We evaluated the status of maternal CMV IgM at the time of sonographic suspicion.ResultsDuring this 6‐year study period, CMV infection was diagnosed in 19 fetuses from 18 pregnancies, including 16 singletons, both twins of a monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy and one twin of a dichorionic pregnancy. Sonographic suspicion was established on the basis of one or more of the following: brain abnormalities (14), fetal hydrops (4), hyperechogenic bowel (4), pericardial effusion (1), cardiomegaly (1), oligoanhydramnios (4), and placentomegaly (2). Maternal IgG antibodies were positive in all cases but maternal IgM antibodies were negative in 56% of pregnancies. Five of the 10 pregnancies with negative maternal IgM were diagnosed in the second trimester and five in the third trimester.ConclusionIn around half of fetuses with confirmed CMV infection ascertained by sonographic markers, maternal IgM antibodies are negative and should therefore not be used as a diagnostic parameter. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability of a 13 000‐SHS photovoltaic rural electrification programme
Authors: Carrasco Luis Miguel , Narvarte Luis , Peral Ana , Vázquez Manuel 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a reliability analysis of a photovoltaic rural electrification (PVRE) programme is proposed considering the failures in the 13 000 installed Solar Home System (SHS) devices occurring over a long operating period of 5 years. A previous arrangement of the database and a brief explanation of the reliability concepts will serve to introduce the failure distribution of every component, from which the SHS lifetime operating features will be described. An application example will show the usefulness of the obtained results in the forecasting of spare parts during the maintenance period. The conclusions of this study may be useful in the scientific design of PVRE programme maintenance structures, with the goal of shedding some light on the technical management mechanisms in decentralised rural electrification. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new electrical model for the analysis of a partially shaded dye‐sensitized solar cells module
Authors: Giannuzzi Roberto , Manca Michele , Gigli Giuseppe 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTPartial shading is a commonly encountered mismatch problem in a photovoltaic system. In the drawing near perspective of their massive building integration, dye solar cell (DSC) modules may realistically receive different levels of irradiance, a situation similar to partial shading. In these conditions, the electrical characteristics of the DSC module significantly change. Here a general model for the description and the analysis of dye solar generators is proposed. A new equivalent circuit for DSCs has been developed that is characterized by the introduction of a second diode, capable to conveniently take into account the behavior of the reverse‐biased cell/s. An experimental demonstration of the proposed two‐diode model's validity is provided. A detailed description, based on numerical analysis, of the influence of partial shading on the photovoltaic performances of a DSC module made by four W‐connected cells is given. We here demonstrate that the implementation of a two‐diode model allows an excellent matching between the experimentally measured I–V characteristics of the partially shaded module and the simulated ones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of pH‐responsive photocrosslinked hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogels for drug delivery
Authors: Tao Youhua , Ai Ling , Bai Huiyu , Liu Xiaoya 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPhotocrosslinked hyaluronic acid/poly(vinyl alcohol)‐styrylpyridinium (HA/PVA‐SbQ) hydrogels were synthesized for controlled antitumor drug delivery. The photocrosslinking reaction was rapid, and the time required for completely converting into the insoluble hydrogels was less than 500 s on exposure to 5 mW/cm2 UV light irradiation. The resulting hydrogels exhibited sensitivity to the pH value of the surrounding environment. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that the morphology and the pore size of the hydrogels could be controlled by changing the ratio of HA and PVA‐SbQ in the formulations. Paclitaxel (PTX)‐loaded hydrogel could also be formed rapidly by UV irradiation of a mixed solution of HA/PVA‐SbQ and PTX. Release profiles of PTX from the hydrogels showed pH‐dependent and sustained manner. Moreover, our data revealed that PTX released from the HA hydrogels remained biologically active and had the capability to kill cancer cells. In contrast, control groups of HA hydrogels without PTX did not exhibit any cytotoxicity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using HA‐based hydrogels as a potential carrier for chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of novel side‐chain triphenylamine polymers with azobenzene moieties via RAFT polymerization and investigation on their photoelectric properties
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhou Nianchen , Zhang Wei , Li Yaowen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Jian , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTwo novel and well‐defined polymers, poly[6‐(5‐(diphenylamino)‐2‐((4‐methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)hexyl methacrylate] (PDMMA) and poly[6‐(4‐((3‐ethynylphenyl)diazenyl) phenoxy)hexyl methacrylate] (PDPMMA), which bear triphenylamine (TPA) incorporated to azobenzene either directly (PDMMA) or with an interval (PDPMMA) as pendant groups were successfully prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization technique. The electrochemical behaviors of PDPMMA and PDMMA were investigated by cyclic voltammograms (CV) measurement. The hole mobilities of the polymer films were determined by fitting the J‐V (current‐voltage) curve into the space‐charge‐limited current method. The influence of photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety on the behaviors of fluorescence emission, CV and hole mobilities of these two polymers were studied. The fluorescent emission intensities of these two polymers in CH2Cl2 were increased by about 100 times after UV irradiation. The oxidation peak currents (IOX) of the PDMMA and PDPMMA in CH2Cl2 were increased after UV irradiation. The photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety in PDMMA had significant effect on the electrochemical behavior, compared with that in PDPMMA. The changes of the hole mobility before and after UV irradiation were very small for both polymers. The HOMO energies (EHOMO, HOMO: the highest occupied molecular orbital) of side chain moieties of TPA incorporated with cis‐isomer and trans‐isomer of azobenzene in PDMMA and PDPMMA were obtained by theoretical calculation, which are basically consistent with the experimental results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Multi‐regional query scheduling in wireless sensor networks with minimum latency
Authors: Yan Mingyuan , He Jing (Selena) , Ji Shouling , Li Yingshu 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTQuery scheduling as one of the most important technologies used in query processing has been widely studied recently. In this paper, we investigate the Minimum Latency Multi‐Regional Query Scheduling (ML‐MRQS) problem in wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which aims to generate a scheduling plan with minimum latency under a more practical query model called Multi‐Regional Query (MRQ). An MRQ targets at interested data from multiple regions of a WSN, where each region is a subarea. Because the ML‐MRQS problem is NP‐hard, we propose a heuristic scheduling algorithm Multi‐Regional Query Scheduling Algorithm (MRQSA) to solve this problem. Theoretical analysis shows that the latency of MRQSA is upper bounded by 23A + B + C for an MRQ with m query regions , where is the maximum latency for non‐overlapped regions, is the maximum latency for overlapped regions, and is the accumulated latency for data transmission from the accessing nodes to the sink. Simulation results show that MRQSA reduces latency by 42.7% to 51.63% with respect to different number of query regions, network density, region size, and interference/transmission range compared with C‐DCQS, while guaranteeing energy efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theory and LHC phenomenology of classicalon decays
Authors: Grojean Christophe , Gupta Rick S. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

It has been recently proposed by Dvali et al. [1] that high energy scattering in non-renormalizable theories, like the higgsless Standard Model, can be unitarized by the formation of classical configurations called classicalons. In this work we argue that clas- sicalons should have analogs of thermodynamic properties like temperature and entropy and perform a model-independent statistical mechanical analysis of classicalon decays. We find that, in the case of massless quanta, the decay products have a Planck distribution with an effective temperature
$$ {\text{T}}\sim {1}/{{\text{r}}_{*}} $$
, where r
∗ is the classicalon radius. These results, in particular a computation of the decay multiplicity, N
∗, allow us to make the first collider analysis of classicalization. In the model for unitarization of WW scattering by classical- ization of longitudinal Ws and Zs we get spectacular multi-W/Z final states that decay into leptons, missing energy and a very high multiplicity (at least 10) of jets. We find that for the classicalization scale,
$$ {M_{ * }} = \upsilon = {246}\, {\text{GeV}}({{\text{M}}_{ * }} = {\text{1TeV}}) $$
discovery should be possible in the present 7 TeV (14 TeV) run of the LHC with about 10 fb−1 (100 fb−1) data. We also consider a model to solve the hierarchy problem, where the classicalons are configurations of the Higgs field which decay into to multi-Higgs boson final states. We find that, in this case, for M
∗ = 500 GeV (M
∗ = 1 TeV), discovery should be possible in the top fusion process with about 10 fb−1 (100 fb−1) data at 14 TeV LHC.
A Prospective Study of Venous Thromboembolic Prophylaxis using Foot Pumps following Total Knee Replacement in a Chinese Population
Authors: Yiu-Chung Wong , Ho-Yin Cheung , Pang-Hei Li , Jid Lee Qunn , Yuk-Leung Wai , Chan-Wah Wong 
Published: May 2012

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate foot pumps as mechanical prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following total knee replacement (TKR) in a Chinese population. Methods All consecutive patients following TKR during 2002–2006 received routine duplex ultrasound surveillance for DVT 9 days postoperatively. The demographic data and risk factors were recorded. No medication was given for DVT prophylaxis in all patients. Results We evaluated 91 consecutive TKRs in 85 patients. Although 44 knee replacements (Group 1) done before December 2004 were not given foot pumps, 47 knee replacements (Group 2) done afterwards were given foot pumps. All patients were followed up for more than 6 months. DVT was detected in three cases (6.8%) in Group 1 compared with four knees (8.5%) in Group 2. Proximal thrombosis was observed in two knees (4.5%) in Group 1 compared with two knees (4.3%) in Group 2. No patient had pulmonary embolism. Six out of 59 (10.2%) patients who underwent the operations under general anaesthesia suffered from DVT, whereas one in 28 (3.6%) patients operated under spinal anaesthesia had DVT. All had no statistical significance. Conclusion The rate of proximal DVT after TKR was low (4.5%) without pharmacological prophylaxis. We advise against the use of pharmacological prophylaxis in Chinese population for TKRs because of the low risk of proximal DVT and its possible bleeding complications. Foot pump did not lower the rate of DVTfurther, and its use for DVT prophylaxis in TKR is not necessary.
On the size of the energy-containing eddies in the outer turbulent wall layer
Authors: Pirozzoli Sergio 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe investigate the scaling of the energy-containing eddies in the outer part of turbulent wall layers. Their spanwise integral length scales are extracted from a direct numerical simulation (DNS) database, which includes compressible turbulent boundary layers and incompressible turbulent Couette–Poiseuille flows. The results indicate similar behaviour for all classes of flows, with a general increasing trend in the eddy size with the wall distance. A family of scaling relationships are proposed based on simple dimensional arguments, of which the classical mixing length approximation constitutes one example. As in previous studies, we find that the mixing length is in good agreement with the size distribution of the eddies carrying wall-normal velocity, which are active in establishing the mean velocity distribution. However, we find that the eddies associated with wall-parallel motions obey a different scaling, which is controlled by the local mean shear and by an effective eddy diffusivity ${\nu }_{t} = { u}_{\tau }^{\ensuremath{\ast} } \delta $, where ${ u}_{\tau }^{\ensuremath{\ast} } $ is the compressible counterpart of the friction velocity, and $\delta $ is the thickness of the wall layer. The validity of the proposed scalings is checked against DNS data, and the potential implications for the understanding of wall turbulence are discussed.
Cacao liquor procyanidin extract improves glucose tolerance by enhancing
GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
Authors: Yamashita Yoko , Okabe Masaaki , Natsume Midori , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHyperglycaemia and insulin resistance are associated with the increased risk of the
metabolic syndrome and other severe health problems. The insulin-sensitive GLUT4 regulates
glucose homoeostasis in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated
whether cacao liquor procyanidin (CLPr) extract, which contains epicatechin, catechin and
other procyanidins, improves glucose tolerance by promoting GLUT4 translocation and
enhances glucose uptake in muscle cells. Our results demonstrated that CLPr increased
glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner and promoted GLUT4 translocation to the plasma
membrane of L6 myotubes. Oral administration of a single dose of CLPr suppressed the
hyperglycaemic response after carbohydrate ingestion, which was accompanied by enhanced
GLUT4 translocation in ICR mice. These effects of CLPr were independent of
α-glucosidase inhibition in the small intestine. CLPr also promoted GLUT4
translocation in skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice fed a CLPr-supplemented diet for
7 d. These results indicate that CLPr is a beneficial food material for improvement
of glucose tolerance by promoting GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane of skeletal
muscle.
ON THE VARIETY GENERATED BY THE MONOID OF TRIANGULAR 2×2 MATRICES OVER A TWO-ELEMENT FIELD
Authors: ZHANG WEN TING , LI JIAN RONG , LUO YAN FENG 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLet 𝒯n(F) denote the monoid of all upper triangularn×nmatrices over a finite fieldF. It has been shown by Volkov and Goldberg that 𝒯n(F) is nonfinitely based if ∣F∣>2 andn≥4, but the cases when ∣F∣>2 andn=2,3 or when ∣F∣=2 have remained open. In this paper, it is shown that the monoid 𝒯2(F) is finitely based when ∣F∣=2 , and a finite identity basis for it is given. Moreover, all maximal subvarieties of the variety generated by 𝒯2(F) with ∣F∣=2 are determined.
Sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms: an investigation of their longitudinal association in a representative sample of the UK general population
Authors: Skapinakis P. , Rai D. , Anagnostopoulos F. , Harrison S. , Araya R. , Lewis G. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundIt has been argued that sleep disturbances are a risk factor for depression but previous longitudinal studies have had limitations and not addressed alternative explanations. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample.MethodData from the 18-month follow-up of the UK National Psychiatric Morbidity survey were used (n = 2406). Sleep disturbances, depressive and other psychiatric symptoms (fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, anxiety and pain symptoms) were assessed using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). The bidirectional association between symptoms was investigated with logistic regression analyses and path analysis.ResultsSleep disturbances and depressive symptoms were correlated with each other cross-sectionally (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). In the longitudinal analysis, sleep disturbances at baseline did not predict depressive symptoms at follow-up [odds ratio (OR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–3.19] and the same was observed for the reciprocal association (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.56–1.35). In the path analysis, the reciprocal model did not have a better fit compared to the simpler first-order model without cross-lagged paths. The path from sleep disturbances at baseline to depressive symptoms at follow-up had a minimal contribution to the explained variance of the latter (<1%).ConclusionsPrevious studies may have overestimated the importance of sleep disturbances as an independent risk factor of depression. The strong cross-sectional association is compatible with sleep disturbances being either a prodromal or a residual symptom of depression and this may have implications for recognition and treatment of depression.
Bizarre electrocardiographic changes during occlusion of a congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Akdemir Ramazan , Yeter Ekrem , Kilic Harun , Yucel Murat 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA 38-year-old man who had a history of percutaneous coronary artery coil occlusion was admitted to our hospital with chest pain and shortness of breath. His complaint was chest pain, which is typical. ST depressions were observed during the treadmill exercise stress test. Coronary angiography demonstrated the persistence of a coronary arteriovenous fistula and coils in the fistula. Primarily, additional coil placement inside the arteriovenous fistula was decided as the mode of treatment. The coil was first placed inside the arteriovenous fistula and then an attempt was made to detach it. However, it was unsuccessful after four trials and electrical detachment of more than 3 minutes. Finally, a 2.5 × 18-millimetre graft stent was deployed at 20 atmospheric pressure. Electrocardiographic recordings showed bizarre ST segment changes during the electrical detachment of the coil. In this report, we discuss the concealed bizarre electrocardiographic changes that were seen during coronary arteriovenous fistula occlusion.
Total anomalous systemic venous drainage in left heterotaxy syndrome
Authors: Khandenahally Ravindranath S. , Deora Surender , Math Ravi S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTotal anomalous systemic venous drainage is an extremely rare congenital heart defect. In this study we describe an 11-year-old girl who presented with a history of fatigue and central cyanosis that she had had since early childhood with unremarkable precordial examination results. Investigations revealed left heterotaxy with all systemic venous drainage to the left-sided atrium with non-compaction of the left ventricle.