bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quelle place pour des « produits culturels de masse » dans la classe de français ?
Authors: Prévost Christine 
Published: April 2011

La « culture de masse », qui englobe entre autres les œuvres audiovisuelles à succès, n’a certes pas besoin de l’espace de l’école pour se diffuser, et, en tant que pratique privée, se trouve bannie du champ scolaire. Pourtant, nombre de ces productions témoignent d’une filiation avec une « culture commune », même lorsqu’il s’agit avant tout de faire rire, de détourner des codes. Parfois, les plus modestes d’entre elles peuvent aussi inspirer à leur tour des créations singulières. Sous ces deux angles, on tentera de préciser l’intérêt qu’elles peuvent présenter pour construire des compétences de lecteur, ou de spectateur critique : la compétence de juger à sa juste valeur le jeu proposé avec les références patrimoniales, la compétence de construire une Histoire de l’art ouverte, qui prenne en compte le dialogue entre la culture de masse en ces différents médias, et la culture écrite valorisée à l’école.
Hermann Cohen sur le panthéisme. Sens et usages du terme dans sa réception de Spinoza
Authors: Bienenstock Myriam 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Les usages du terme de « panthéisme » dans les milieux philosophiques allemands de la fin du xix e et au début du xx e siècle furent très différents de ceux qui avaient été faits de ce terme dans la première moitié du xix e et au tout début de la carrière de Cohen. Ces différences rendent aussi compte dans une large mesure de la transformation du discours de Cohen sur Spinoza : il se modifie substantiellement, mais beaucoup moins qu’on ne le dit en général.
Sur la réception en France de l'Histoire du matérialisme, par F.A. Lange
Authors: Bonnemaison Marc 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Dans la seconde moitié du xix e siècle, l’essor des sciences de la nature et du matérialisme est tel en Allemagne et en France qu’il impose la nécessité d’une redéfinition de la philosophie. Le livre de F.A. Lange, l’ Histoire du matérialisme , répond à cet impératif. Il favorisa un renouveau du kantisme en Allemagne. Qu’en est-il de sa réception lors de sa parution en France ?
Targeted Sequencing Using Affymetrix CustomSeq Arrays
Authors: Teekakirikul Polakit , Cox Stephanie , Funke Birgit , Rehm Heidi L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis unit provides a basic protocol for oligo hybridization‐based sequencing technology and resulting data analysis specific to the Affymetrix GeneChip CustomSeq Resequencing Array platform. All steps and critical aspects related to array design, experimental protocols, data management, and base‐calling algorithms are addressed. This unit is particularly appropriate for sequencing targeted regions of the genome of up to 300 kilobases. The basic technology is most suitable for detecting substitution mutations, unless targeted indel probes are added. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 69:7.18.1‐7.18.17 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using the NCBI Map Viewer to Browse Genomic Sequence Data
Authors: Wolfsberg Tyra G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis unit includes a basic protocol with an introduction to the Map Viewer, describing how to perform a simple text‐based search of genome annotations to view the genomic context of a gene, navigate along a chromosome, zoom in and out, and change the displayed maps to hide and show information. It also describes some of NCBI's sequence‐analysis tools, which are provided as links from the Map Viewer. The alternate protocols describe different ways to query the genome sequence, and also illustrate additional features of the Map Viewer. Alternate Protocol 1 shows how to perform and interpret the results of a BLAST search against the human genome. Alternate Protocol 2 demonstrates how to retrieve a list of all genes between two STS markers. Finally, Alternate Protocol 3 shows how to find all annotated members of a gene family. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 69:18.5.1‐18.5.25 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Virtual reality anatomy: Is it comparable with traditional methods in the teaching of human forearm musculoskeletal anatomy?
Authors: Codd Anthony M. , Choudhury Bipasha 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe use of cadavers to teach anatomy is well established, but limitations with this approach have led to the introduction of alternative teaching methods. One such method is the use of three‐dimensional virtual reality computer models. An interactive, three‐dimensional computer model of human forearm anterior compartment musculoskeletal anatomy was produced using the open source 3D imaging program “Blender.” The aim was to evaluate the use of 3D virtual reality when compared with traditional anatomy teaching methods. Three groups were identified from the University of Manchester second year Human Anatomy Research Skills Module class: a “control” group (no prior knowledge of forearm anatomy), a “traditional methods” group (taught using dissection and textbooks), and a “model” group (taught solely using e‐resource). The groups were assessed on anatomy of the forearm by a ten question practical examination. ANOVA analysis showed the model group mean test score to be significantly higher than the control group (mean 7.25 vs. 1.46, P < 0.001) and not significantly different to the traditional methods group (mean 6.87, P > 0.5). Feedback from all users of the e‐resource was positive. Virtual reality anatomy learning can be used to compliment traditional teaching methods effectively. Anat Sci Educ 4:119–125, 2011. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
The surgeon and the patient with β-thalassaemia intermedia
Authors: Saad G S Abi , Musallam K M , Taher A T 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundUnlike patients with β-thalassaemia major, where lifelong transfusion and iron chelation therapy are necessary for survival, patients with β-thalassaemia intermedia (TI) generally have a milder course and anaemia. The underlying pathophysiology of the disease still allows several complications to manifest. Surgical management during the course of the disease is common but relevant data from the literature have never been reviewed constructively. This aim of this review was to highlight this clinical entity to the surgeon, and ensure optimal and timely intervention.MethodsThe review was based on potentially relevant studies identified from an electronic search of MEDLINE and PubMed databases. There were no language or publication year restrictions. References in published articles were also reviewed.ResultsSurgical intervention is often essential to ensure optimal control of the associated morbidity in TI. Several general considerations are necessary before surgical intervention with regard to anaemia, cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic events and the effects of iron overload. Splenectomy, cholecystectomy, leg ulcers, fractures and extramedullary pseudotumours are the most commonly encountered surgical problems related to TI.ConclusionAwareness of TI and its associated morbidity is important so that appropriate preoperative care can occur.
Learning from Directed Evolution: Thermus aquaticus DNA Polymerase Mutants with Translesion Synthesis Activity
Authors: Obeid Samra , Schnur Andreas , Gloeckner Christian , Blatter Nina , Welte Wolfram , Diederichs Kay , Marx Andreas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDNA is being constantly damaged by endo‐ and exogenous agents such as reactive oxygen species, chemicals, radioactivity, and ultraviolet radiation. Additionally, DNA is inherently labile, and this can result in, for example, the spontaneous hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond that connects the sugar and the nucleobase moieties in DNA; this results in abasic sites. It has long been obscure how cells achieve DNA synthesis past these lesions, and only recently has it been discovered that several specialized DNA polymerases are involved in translesion synthesis. The underlying mechanisms that render one DNA polymerase competent in translesion synthesis while another DNA polymerase fails are still indistinct. Recently two variants of Taq DNA polymerase that exhibited higher lesion bypass ability than the wild‐type enzyme were identified by directed‐evolution approaches. Strikingly, in both approaches it was independently found that substitution of a single nonpolar amino acid side chain by a cationic side chain increases the capability of translesion synthesis. Here, we combined both mutations in a single enzyme. We found that the KlenTaq DNA polymerase that bore both mutations superseded the wild‐type as well as the respective single mutants in translesion‐bypass proficiency. Further insights in the molecular basis of the detected gain of translesion‐synthesis function were obtained by structural studies of DNA polymerase variants caught in processing canonical and damaged substrates. We found that increased positive charge of the surface potential in the area proximal to the negatively charged substrates promotes translesion synthesis by KlenTaq DNA polymerase, an enzyme that has very limited naturally evolved capability to perform translesion synthesis. Since expanded positively charged surface potential areas are also found in naturally evolved translesion DNA polymerases, our results underscore the impact of charge on the proficiency of naturally evolved translesion DNA polymerases.
ChemInform Abstract: Isothermal Section of the Al—Dy—Ge Ternary System at 673 K.
Authors: Qin Pingli , Xu Zhongping , Qin Zhongli , Li Duanyong , Zeng Lingmin , He Wei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe 673 K isothermal section of the phase diagram of the title system is constructed based on powder XRD and SEM results.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Strecker Synthesis of α‐Quaternary α‐Trifluoromethyl Amino Acids.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Gottfried Katharina , Raabe Gerhard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTakemoto′s thiourea catalyst is successfully used for the title reaction to obtain α‐amino nitriles with up to 95% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Substituted 4‐Iodopyrazolecarbaldehydes with 1,2‐Phenylenediamines and 2‐Aminophenols.
Authors: Nayak Maloy , Batra Sanjay 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe title reaction affords pyrazolo‐fused diazepines and oxazepines via an intermolecular condensation followed by a copper‐catalyzed C—N or C—O coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Aroyloxyaldehydes: Scope and Limitations as Alternatives to α‐Haloaldehydes for NHC‐Catalyzed Redox Transformations.
Authors: Ling Kenneth B. , Smith Andrew D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract4‐Nitrobenzoyloxyaldehydes are stable synthetic precursors for N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐promoted redox esterification and cycloaddition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Conversion of Olefins into α‐Bromo Ketones Using O‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid and Tetraethylammonium Bromide.
Authors: Deshmukh Swapnil S. , Chaudhari Kiran H. , Akamanchi Krishnacharya G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds regioselectively under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Stereoinduction in the Acylation of Fully Substituted Enolates: Tandem Reformatsky/Quaternary Claisen Condensations of Silyl Glyoxylates and β‐Lactones.
Authors: Greszler Stephen N. , Malinowski Justin T. , Johnson Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReformatsky reagents react sequentially with silyl glyoxylates and β‐lactones to give highly functionalized Claisen condensation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Terminal Acetylenes.
Authors: Kondo Masataka , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe process is successfully achieved using QOR to give enol ethers with high (Z)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: (2‐Pyridyl)phenyl Methanol: A New Reagent for Metal‐Free Reduction of Nitro Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Giomi Donatella , Alfini Renzo , Brandi Alberto 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reduction is performed in the presence of methyl acrylate (II) to transform the resulting free amines into β‐amino esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Catalytic Oxidation System: Ruthenium Porphyrin and 2,6‐Dichloropyridine N‐Oxide Applied for Alkene Dihydroxylation.
Authors: Hu Wen‐Xiang , Li Pei‐Rong , Jiang Gaoxi , Che Chi‐Ming , Chen Jian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBy controlling the loadings of the oxidant CPO and the reaction procedures, the alkenes can be converted either to diols (this work), or aldehydes or epoxides in the presence of a single catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Carboxylic Acid Esters with RfMgBr: A Convenient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Ketones.
Authors: Xue Can , He Guangke , Fu Chunling , Xue Liqin , Lin Zhengyan , Ma Shengming 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA range of alkenoates (I), alkynoates (IV) and simple carboxylic esters (VI) smoothly react with fluoroalkyl Grignard reagents to give the corresponding fluoroalkyl ketones in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Reaction for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and 1H‐Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines via a Novel Rearrangement of Quinoxalinones and Their Aza‐Analogues when Exposed to 1,2‐Arylenediamines.
Authors: Mamedov Vakhid A. , Zhukova Nataliya A. , Beschastnova Tat'yana N. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Balandina Alsu A. , Latypov Shamil K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecyclization of quinoxalines and aza‐analogues (I) in the presence of o‐phenylenediamines (II) or (V) proceeds smoothly in acidic solution to give 2‐quinoxalinylbenzimidazoles and aza‐analogues (III) and (VI)/(VII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Laccase‐Catalyzed Domino Process and Its Application to the Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1H‐benzimidazoles.
Authors: Leutbecher Heiko , Constantin Mihaela‐Anca , Mika Sabine , Conrad Juergen , Beifuss Uwe 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of benzimidazoles (III) involves condensation of o‐phenylenediamine with aldehydes, cyclization of the resulting Schiff bases and subsequent laccase‐promoted aerobic oxidation of the intermediate benzimidazoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amination of Benzoxazoles via C—H and C—N Bond Activation: A New Strategy for Using Tertiary Amines as Nitrogen Group Sources.
Authors: Guo Shengmei , Qian Bo , Xie Yinjun , Xia Chungu , Huang Hanmin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe presence of the C—H bond α‐to nitrogen in the tertiary amine is crucial for the reaction to proceed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficiently Sonochemical Synthesis of 2‐(N‐Aryl‐sulfonylindol‐3‐yl)‐3‐N‐acyl‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolines.
Authors: Xu Hui , Che Zhi‐ping , Wang Qin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn efficient and rapid method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) under mild conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐cyanopyridine Derivatives Catalyzed by Ytterbium Perfluorooctanoate [Yb(PFO)3]
Authors: Tang Jun , Wang Limin , Yao Yinfang , Zhang Liang , Wang Wenbo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe catalyst can be reused for at least 3 times by recycling the filtrate directly.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Ynone with o‐Aminoaryl Compounds: A Michael Addition—Cyclization Approach to 3‐Carbonyl Quinolines.
Authors: Li Hongfeng , Xu Xiaolei , Yang Jingyu , Xie Xin , Huang He , Li Yanzhong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn efficient title reaction of ynones with o‐aminoarylaldehydes, o‐aminoarylketones, and o‐aminobenzyl alcohols is developed to yield the target compounds with or without a substituent at the 4‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of a 1,3‐Disubstituted 1,3‐Dihydro‐2H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐2‐one. Application to GW808990 a CRF1 Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Hayes Jerome F. , Popkin Matthew E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new five‐step approach to GW808990 (VIII) involves the reaction of iminohydantoin (II) with t‐butyl acetoacetate (III) to generate the fused pyridine core as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Tellurium‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 33. One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Addition—Cyclization of 2‐Iodoanilines with Isoselenocyanates for the Practical Preparation of 2‐Aminobenzoselenazoles.
Authors: Kaname Mamoru , Minoura Mao , Sashida Haruki 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe ligand‐free reaction provides the target compounds in generally good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of 2‐(1H‐Benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyluronium Tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) for the Synthesis of Acid Azides.
Authors: Naik Shankar A. , Lalithamba H. S. , Sureshbabu Vommina V. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe use of TBTU as carboxy activator allows the direct conversion of carboxylic acids including protected α‐amino acids into corresponding acid azides under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: New Isocourmarin and Phthalide Derivatives from the Rhizomes of Matteuccia orientalis.
Authors: Shao Peng , Zhang Xue , Li Bo , Jiao Wei‐hua , Wu Li‐jun , Yao Xin‐Sheng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFive new isocoumarin or phthalide derivatives matteucen A (I) and its enantiomer, matteucen B (II), C (III), and D (IV), are isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb.
ChemInform Abstract: Melting Behavior of Ionic Salts in the Presence of High‐Pressure CO2
Authors: Serbanovic Ana , Petrovski Zeljko , Manic Marina , Marques Carolina S. , Carrera Goncalo V. S. M. , Branco Luis C. , Afonso Carlos A. M. , Nunes da Ponte Manuel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReview: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Biogeochemistry and Microbiology of Sulfidic Mine Waste and Bioleaching Dumps and Heaps, and Novel Fe(II)‐Oxidizing Bacteria
Authors: Schippers A. , Breuker A. , Blazejak A. , Bosecker K. , Kock D. , Wright T. L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReview: 122 refs.
Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by Thiosemicarbazones, Hydrazones and Dithiocarbazates Derived from Hydroxy‐Substituted Benzaldehydes
Authors: Leigh Maria , Raines Daniel J. , Castillo Carmen E. , Duhme‐Klair Anne K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNonpurine xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors represent important alternatives to the purine analogue allopurinol, which is still the most widely used drug in the treatment of conditions associated with elevated uric acid levels in the blood. By condensing mono‐, di‐ and trihydroxybenzaldehydes with aromatic thiosemicarbazides, aryl hydrazides and dithiocarbazates, three series of structurally related Schiff bases were synthesised, characterised and tested for XOR inhibitory activity. Hydroxy substitution in the para‐position of the benzaldehyde component was found to confer high inhibitory activities. Acyl hydrazones were generally less potent than thiocarbonyl‐containing Schiff bases. Within the thiosemicarbazone series, chloro and cyano substituents in the para‐position of the thiosemicarbazide unit increased activities further, up to potencies approximately four‐times higher than that of the benchmark allopurinol, as measured under the same assay conditions. In order to illustrate the potential of the Schiff bases to bind directly to the molybdenum centre in the active site of the enzyme, a representative example (H2L) of each inhibitor series was co‐ordinated to a cis‐dioxomolybdenum(VI) unit, and the resulting complexes, [MoO2(L)MeOH], were structurally characterised. Subsequent steady‐state kinetic investigations, however, indicated mixed‐type inhibition, similar to that observed for inhibitors known to bind within the substrate access channel of the enzyme, remote from the Mo centre. Enzyme co‐crystallisation studies are thus required to determine the exact binding mode. Finally, the coordination of representative inhibitors to copper(II) gave rise to significantly decreased IC50 values, revealing an additive effect that merits further investigation.
Detection of second malignancies during long‐term follow‐up of testicular cancer survivors
Authors: Buchler Tomas , Kubankova Petra , Boublikova Ludmila , Donatova Zuzana , Foldyna Martin , Kanakova Jana , Kordikova Drahomira , Kupec Martin , Nepomucka Jana , Vorsilkova Eva , Abrahamova Jitka 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Second cancers are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in long‐term survivors of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Studies on the impact of follow‐up for the first tumor on the outcome of second malignancies are lacking. The aim of this study was to study the details of diagnosis of second cancers and the role of focused oncology follow‐up.METHODS:Medical records and the electronic database of a tertiary referral center for germ cell neoplasms were searched for second cancers diagnosed in TGCT survivors. In a database of 1057 patients, 63 cases of metachronous second malignancies (26 contralateral testicular cancers and 37 nontesticular cancers) were found in 57 patients. Long‐term oncology follow‐up consisted of yearly history, physical examination, germ cell tumor markers, and imaging including abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans and chest x‐ray.RESULTS:The second malignancies occurred after a medium follow‐up of 9.9 years (range, 1.1‐33 years) after the diagnosis of the first tumor. Only 17 (27%) of the 63 second tumors were detected by oncology follow‐up investigations, and a further 12 (29%) were detected by nononcology physicians during a preplanned clinical visit. In 34 (54%) cases, patients themselves or their relatives initiated a clinical appointment because of symptoms. Follow‐up investigations all had low yields for the detection of second malignancies, although CT imaging did detect several cases of cancer at an early stage.CONCLUSIONS:In this retrospective study, most second cancers occurring in long‐term TGCT survivors were missed by regular oncology follow‐up that included yearly physical examination, tumor marker, and imaging. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Comorbidity and competing risks for mortality in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Daskivich Timothy J. , Chamie Karim , Kwan Lorna , Labo Jessica , Dash Atreya , Greenfield Sheldon , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Accurate estimation of life expectancy is essential for men deciding between aggressive and conservative treatment of prostate cancer. The authors sought to assess the competing risks of nonprostate cancer and prostate cancer mortality among men with differing Charlson comorbidity index scores and tumor risks.METHODS:The authors conducted a retrospective study of 1482 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer diagnosed from 1997 to 2004 at the Greater Los Angeles and Long Beach Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. They performed Kaplan‐Meier and competing risks regression analyses to assess survival outcomes.RESULTS:After a mean follow‐up of 6.0 years, 370 (25%) men died from other causes, whereas 44 (3%) died of prostate cancer. At 10 years after diagnosis, men with Charlson scores 0, 1, 2, and 3+ had nonprostate cancer mortality rates of 17%, 34%, 52%, and 74%, respectively. In competing risks regression analysis, each point increase in Charlson score was associated with a 2‐fold increase in hazard of nonprostate mortality. Men with Charlson 3+ had 8.5× the hazard of death from other causes, compared with men with the lowest scores (subhazard ratio, 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 6.2‐11.7). After stratification by tumor risk, nonprostate mortality rates remained markedly elevated among men with higher Charlson scores, whereas prostate cancer mortality was rare, especially among low‐risk and intermediate‐risk groups (0.4%, 3%, and 8% for low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Men with the highest Charlson scores should consider conservative management of low‐risk and intermediate‐risk tumors, given their exceedingly high risk of death from other causes and low risk of prostate cancer mortality. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.