bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 is required for osteoclast differentiation
Authors: DeMambro Victoria E , Maile Laura , Wai Christine , Kawai Masanobu , Cascella Teresa , Rosen Clifford J , Clemmons David 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Global deletion of the Igfbp2 gene results in the suppression of bone turnover. To investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in regulating osteoclast differentiation, we cultured Igfbp2−/− bone marrow cells and found a reduction in the number of osteoclasts and impaired resorption. Addition of full-length IGFBP-2 restored osteoclast differentiation, fusion, and resorption. To determine the molecular domains of IGFBP-2 that were required for this effect to be manifest, Igfbp2−/− bone marrow cells were transfected with constructs in which the heparin-binding (HBD) or the IGF-binding domains of IGFBP-2 were mutated. We found that both domains were necessary for osteoclastogenesis because expression of the mutated forms of either domain failed to support the formation of functionally mature osteoclasts. To discern the mechanism by which IGFBP-2 regulates osteoclast formation, PTEN abundance and phosphorylation status as well as AKT responsiveness to IGF-I were analyzed. Igfbp2−/− cells had elevated levels of PTEN and phospho-PTEN compared with controls. Expression of wild-type IGFBP-2 reduced the level of PTEN to that of wild-type cells. Cells expressing the IGF-binding mutant showed suppression of PTEN and phospho-PTEN equivalent to the wild-type protein, whereas those expressing the IGFBP-2 HBD mutant showed no PTEN suppression. When the ability of IGF-I to stimulate AKT activation, measured by Thr308 and Ser473 phosphorylation, was analyzed, stimulation of Ser473 in response to IGF-I in preosteoclasts required the presence of intact IGFBP-2. This effect was duplicated by the addition of a CK2 inhibitor that prevents the phosphorylation of PTEN. In contrast, in fully differentiated osteoclasts, stimulation of Thr308 phosphorylation required the presence of intact IGFBP-2. We conclude that IGFBP-2 is an important regulator of osteoclastogenesis and that both the heparin- and the IGF-binding domains of IGFBP-2 are essential for the formation of fully differentiated and functional osteoclasts. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
AMPK promotes skeletal muscle autophagy through activation of forkhead FoxO3a and interaction with Ulk1
Authors: Sanchez Anthony MJ , Csibi Alfredo , Raibon Audrey , Cornille Karen , Gay Stéphanie , Bernardi Henri , Candau Robin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn skeletal muscle, protein levels are determined by relative rates of protein synthesis and breakdown. The balance between synthesis and degradation of intracellular components determines the overall muscle fiber size. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a sensor of cellular energy status, was recently shown to increase myofibrillar protein degradation through the expression of MAFbx and MuRF1. In the present study, the effect of AMPK activation by AICAR on autophagy was investigated in muscle cells. Our results show that FoxO3a transcription factor activation by AMPK induces the expression of the autophagy‐related proteins LC3B‐II, Gabarapl1, and Beclin1 in primary mouse skeletal muscle myotubes and in the Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Time course studies reveal that AMPK activation by AICAR leads to a transient nuclear relocalization of FoxO3a followed by an increase of its cytosolic level. Moreover, AMPK activation leads to the inhibition of mTORC1 and its subsequent dissociation of Ulk1, Atg13, and FIP200 complex. Interestingly, we identify Ulk1 as a new interacting partner of AMPK in muscle cells and we show that Ulk1 is associated with AMPK under normal conditions and dissociates from AMPK during autophagy process. Moreover, we find that AMPK phosphorylates FoxO3a and Ulk1. In conclusion, our data show that AMPK activation stimulates autophagy in skeletal muscle cells through its effects on the transcriptional function of FoxO3a and takes part in the initiation of autophagosome formation by interacting with Ulk1. Here, we present new evidences that AMPK plays a crucial role in the fine tuning of protein expression programs that control skeletal muscle mass. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 695–710, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution sonography detects extraforaminal nerve pathology in patients initially diagnosed with cervical disc disease: A case series
Authors: Chen Yongsheng , Kumar Naresh , Lim Julian Wen Wei , Smith Einar Wilder 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn patients presenting with neck and upper limb complaints, MRI changes suggestive of cervical disc disease do not exclude concomitant extraforaminal pathology, as shown in the series of three cases presented here. High‐resolution ultrasound of the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves may be useful in identifying an extraforaminal pathology when (1) symptoms and signs are disproportionate to MRI findings of cervical disc disease; (2) there is obvious discordance between MRI and nerve conduction findings; (3) an entrapment neuropathy is suspected but the site of nerve lesion is unidentifiable on the basis of available investigations and clinical findings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2013
Chemical coupling as a potent strategy for preparation of targeted bacteriophage‐derived gene nanocarriers into eukaryotic cells
Authors: Khalaj‐Kondori Mohammad , Sadeghizadeh Majid , Behmanesh Mehrdad , Saggio Isabella , Monaci Paolo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to direct efficiently and specifically carriers toward target cells and express the transgene of interest is a critical step in gene therapy trails. The display of targeting molecules on the surface of phage particles might represent a potent solution. In the present study, we evaluated a chemical coupling strategy for displaying human holotransferrin as a targeting molecule on the surface of phage lambda particles for specifically delivering green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding gene into a human cell line.MethodsHuman holotransferrin was coupled on the phage lambda particles bearing a GFP‐expression cassette by a chemical coupling strategy to formulate transferrin‐targeted lambda‐GFP (Tf‐targeted‐λ‐GFP) gene nanocarrier. The carrier was then characterized by phage‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay experiments and used for transfection of the human 293T cell line. Particle internalization into the cells was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining and transfection efficacy was studied using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis.ResultsCharacterization of the nanocarrier showed a rather high copy number (274 molecules) of transferrin molecules coupled per phage particle. Immunocytochemical staining revealed efficient internalization of the Tf‐targeted‐λ‐GFP compared to wild lambda‐GFP (λ‐GFP) particles. FACS analysis showed 6.72% GFP positive cells for transfections mediated by Tf‐targeted‐λ‐GFP, whereas the value was 0.61% for wild lambda‐GFP particles.ConclusionsOur findings highlight chemical coupling as an efficient and straightforward strategy for displaying a targeting molecule at high density on the phage surface, which, in turn, may improve the efficiency of phage‐mediated gene transfer and expression. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile and simple synthesis of some new polyfunctionally heterocyclic derivatives incorporating 2‐imino‐2H‐chromene moiety
Authors: El Azab Islam H. , El Rady Eman A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract1,2‐Dihydro‐2‐imino‐6‐(2‐imino‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐1,4‐diphenyl‐pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile 4 has been synthesized and reacted with ethyl cyanoacetate to yield the new 5‐amino‐1,7‐dihydro‐2‐(2‐imino‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐7‐oxo‐1,4‐diphenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐6‐carbonitrile 6, which consider a good and available starting intermediate for synthesis of series of functionalized chromenes. So, the compound 6 was utilized as a key for the synthesis of some new pyrimido[5,4‐c][1,8]naphthyridinones, pyrido[2,3‐c][1,6]naphthyridinones, triazolo[3′,4′:1,6]triazino][5,4‐c][1,8]naphthyridinones, triazolo[2′,3′:1,6]pyrimido[4,5‐c][1,8]naphthyridinones, triazepino[6,5‐c][1,8]naphthyridinone, and triazino[5,4‐c][1,8]naphthyridinones. The structures of these compounds were established by elemental analysis, IR, MS, and NMR spectral analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Three component reactions of N‐nucleophiles and activated acetylenes with NH‐acids: A facile synthesis in water
Authors: Charati Faramarz Rostami , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Hosseini‐Tabatabaei Mohammad R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA straightforward and efficient method for the synthesis of 1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines via a one‐pot, three‐component reaction of isoquinoline, activated acetylenes, and NH‐acids in water at 70°C without using any catalyst is reported. The method offers several advantages including high yields of products and an easy workup procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
MR imaging of the postoperative knee
Authors: Gnannt Ralph , Chhabra Avneesh , Theodoropoulos John S. , Hodler Juerg , Andreisek Gustav 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAdvances in orthopedic and arthroscopic surgical procedures of the knee such as, knee replacement, ligamentous reconstruction as well as articular cartilage and meniscus repair techniques have resulted in a significant increase in the number of patients undergoing knee arthroscopy or open surgery. As a consequence postoperative MR imaging examinations increase. Comprehensive knowledge of the normal postoperative MR imaging appearances and abnormal findings in the knee associated with failure or complications of common orthopedic and arthroscopic surgical procedures currently undertaken is crucial. This article reviews the various normal and pathological postoperative MR imaging findings following anterior and posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and posterolateral corner reconstruction, meniscus and articular cartilage surgery as well as total knee arthroplasty with emphasis on those surgical procedures which general radiologists will likely be faced in their daily clinical routine. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunization with A91 peptide or copolymer‐1 reduces the production of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression after spinal cord injury
Authors: García Elisa , Silva‐García Raúl , Mestre Humberto , Flores Nayeli , Martiñón Susana , Calderón‐Aranda Emma S. , Ibarra Antonio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractImmunization with neurally derived peptides (INDP) boosts the action of an autoreactive immune response that has been shown to induce neuroprotection in several neurodegenerative diseases, especially after spinal cord (SC) injury. This strategy provides an environment that promotes neuronal survival and tissue preservation. The mechanisms by which this autoreactive response exerts its protective effects is not totally understood at the moment. A recent study showed that INDP reduces lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is a neurodegenerative phenomenon caused by the increased production of reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide (NO). It is possible that INDP could be interfering with NO production. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of INDP on the amount of NO produced by glial cells when cocultured with autoreactive T cells. We also evaluated the amount of NO and the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the injury site of SC‐injured animals. The neural‐derived peptides A91 and Cop‐1 were used to immunize mice and rats with SC injury. In vitro studies showed that INDP significantly reduces the production of NO by glial cells. This observation was substantiated by in vivo experiments demonstrating that INDP decreases the amount of NO and iNOS gene expression at the site of injury. The present study provides substantial evidence on the inhibitory effect of INDP on NO production, helpingour understanding of the mechanisms through which protective autoimmunity promotes neuroprotection. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Classifying soils at the ultimate stage of weathering in the tropics
Authors: Padmanabhan Eswaran , Eswaran Hariharan , Mermut Ahmet R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOxisols cover ≈ 23% of the land surface in the tropics and are utilized extensively for agricultural purposes in the tropical countries. Under the variable input types of agricultural systems practiced locally, some of these soils still appear to have problems in terms of proper soil classification and subsequently hinder attempts to implement sustainable agro‐management protocols. The definition for Oxisols in Soil Survey Staff (1999) indicates that additional input is still required to refine the definition in order to resolve some of the outstanding classification problems. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the properties of some Oxisols and closely related soils in order to evaluate the classification of these soils. Soils from Brazil, several countries in Africa, and Malaysia were used in this study. Field observations provided the first indication that some of the presently classified kandi‐Alfisols and kandi‐Ultisols were closer to Oxisols in terms of their properties. Water‐retention differences and apparent CEC of the subsurface horizons also supported this idea. The types of extractable Fe oxides and external specific surface areas of the clay fractions showed that many kandic horizons have surface properties that are similar to the oxic horizons. Micromorphology indicated that the genetic transition from the argillic to the oxic involves a diminishing expression of the argillic. Properties, such as CEC, become dominant. The kandic horizon is therefore inferred as a transition to the oxic horizon. It is proposed that the Oxisols be keyed out based only on the presence of an oxic horizon and an iso–soil temperature regime. The presence of a kandic horizon will be reflected at lower levels in Oxisols. The Oxisols will now be exclusive to the intertropical belt with an iso–soil temperature regime. The geographic extend of the Oxisols would increase and that of kandi‐Alfisols and Ultisols would decrease. A few kandi‐Alfisols and Ultisols in the intertropical area will have low CEC which would fail the weatherable mineral contents. The kandic subgroups of some Alfisols and Ultisols will be transitional between the low (< 16 cmolc [kg clay]–1)‐ and high (> 24 cmolc [kg clay]–1)‐activity clay soils. The proposed changes to classification will contribute to a better differentiation of the landscape units in the field. Testing of the proposed classification on some Malaysian soils showed that the new definition for Oxisols provides a better basis for the classification of the local soils and the development of meaningful soil‐management groups for plantations.
Soil sulfur fractions dynamics and distribution in a tropical grass pasture amended with nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers
Authors: Schmidt Fabiana , De Bona Fabiano Daniel , Silveira Cristiane Prezotto , Monteiro Francisco Antonio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSoil sulfur (S) partitioning among the various pools and changes in tropical pasture ecosystems remain poorly understood. Our study aimed to investigate the dynamics and distribution of soil S fractions in an 8‐year‐old signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) pasture fertilized with nitrogen (N) and S. A factorial combination of two N rates (0 and 600 kg N ha–1 y–1, as NH4NO3) and two S rates (0 and 60 kg S ha–1 y–1, as gypsum) were applied to signal grass pastures during 2 y. Cattle grazing was controlled during the experimental period. Organic S was the major S pool found in the tropical pasture soil, and represented 97% to 99% of total S content. Among the organic S fractions, residual S was the most abundant (42% to 67% of total S), followed by ester‐bonded S (19% to 42%), and C‐bonded S (11% to 19%). Plant‐available inorganic SO4‐S concentrations were very low, even for the treatments receiving S fertilizers. Low inorganic SO4‐S stocks suggest that S losses may play a major role in S dynamics of sandy tropical soils. Nitrogen and S additions affected forage yield, S plant uptake, and organic S fractions in the soil. Among the various soil fractions, residual S showed the greatest changes in response to N and S fertilization. Soil organic S increased in plots fertilized with S following the residual S fraction increment (16.6% to 34.8%). Soils cultivated without N and S fertilization showed a decrease in all soil organic S fractions.
Pig production in subtropical agriculture
Authors: Zhang Yong‐gang , Yin Yu‐long , Fang Jun , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPig production plays an important role in farming systems worldwide, especially in subtropical areas. The past few decades have seen significant changes in swine production in such regions. However, there are regional differences in pig production, and some of these are associated with serious problems which impact production systems, the environment and human health. This review introduces the pig breeds, crops and challenge of pig production that faces subtropical areas. A detailed analysis focuses on the control of production problems that are affected by limitations in management and nutritional strategies. Then, factors that drive the major changes in the pig industry in this area are examined in detail, and some insight into pig production directions is provided. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Liver‐directed therapy for neuroendocrine neoplasm hepatic metastasis prolongs survival following progression after initial surgery
Authors: Saxena Akshat , Chua Terence C. , Zhao Jing , Morris David L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundSurgery confers the best chance of long‐term survival in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasm hepatic metastases (NENHM). Disease progression invariably occurs in the majority of patients. No previous study has addressed the outcomes after treatment of hepatic disease progression in patients who initially underwent surgical extirpation of NENHM. This was the principal aim of the current study.MethodsSeventy‐four patients with NENHM underwent surgery for NENHM between December 1992 and December 2009. Of these, 50 patients developed disease progression in the liver. These patients were then treated with specific liver‐directed therapies according to consensus of a multidisciplinary team. The current study evaluates progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) following treatment of hepatic disease progression with specific liver‐directed therapies.ResultsNo patient was lost to follow up. The median follow‐up after treatment of progression was 29 months (range = 2–137). The median PFS and OS after diagnosis of disease progression were 15 and 48 months, respectively. Specific liver‐directed therapies included surgery in 10 patients, radioembolization in 15, cytotoxic chemotherapy in 14, and conservative therapy in 11. Four independent factors associated with PFS and OS were identified through a multivariate analysis. These were initial progression‐free survival (PFS, P = 0.006, HR= 0.32), extra‐hepatic disease (OS, P = 0.029, HR = 4.04; PFS, P = 0.004, HR = 4.03), histological grade (PFS, P = 0.006, HR = 4.08), and type of secondary intervention (PFS, P = 0.024, HR = 0.63).ConclusionA multimodality approach towards treatment of disease progression as shown in this study that includes repeat surgery or radioembolization has been shown to achieve a superior outcome in the setting of disease progression/recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:342–350. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pretreatment risk factors for multiple gastric cancer and missed lesions
Authors: Eom Bang Wool , Lee Jun Ho , Choi Il Ju , Kook Myeong Cherl , Nam Byung‐Ho , Ryu Keun Won , Kim Young‐Woo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundMultiple gastric cancers (MGCs) were found in 4–10% of gastric cancer patients. The aim of this study was to identify pretreatment risk factors associated with MGC and missed lesions.MethodsA total of 4,797 patients who underwent gastrectomies for gastric cancer from 2000 to 2010 were included in this study. Pretreatment characteristics of patients and tumors and independent risk factors related to MGC and missed lesions were evaluated.ResultsOf the 4,797 patients, 322 (6.7%) were diagnosed with MGC. Logistic regression analysis showed that old age, being male, having a family history of cancer, being located in the upper third of the stomach, and early T stage tumors were risk factors for MGC. Missed lesions were detected in 95 of the 322 MGC patients, and the risk factor for missed lesions was large‐sized main lesion. Fifty‐four of the 322 MGC patients had early gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach, and 37.0% of those tumors were candidates for endoscopic submucosal dissection.ConclusionPhysicians should keep pretreatment risk factors for MGC in mind to avoid missing a synchronous lesion. Meticulous examination is required after a detection of large‐sized main lesion. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:813–817. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of pre‐operative chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S‐1 (DCS therapy) and curative resection for gastric cancer with pathologically positive para‐aortic lymph nodes
Authors: Oyama Katsunobu , Fushida Sachio , Kinoshita Jun , Makino Isamu , Nakamura Keishi , Hayashi Hironori , Nakagawara Hisatoshi , Tajima Hidehiro , Fujita Hideto , Takamura Hiroyuki , Ninomiya Itasu , Kitagawa Hirohisa , Tani Takashi , Fujimura Takashi , Ohta Tetsuo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of gastric cancer with para‐aortic lymph node (PAN) metastasis is poor. We applied triple combination chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S‐1 (DCS therapy) as pre‐operative chemotherapy and investigated the outcome of the combination of this therapy and gastrectomy with para‐aortic lymph node dissection (PAND).MethodsWe retrospectively identified 44 patients with pathologically positive PAN who underwent curative surgery at Kanazawa University Hospital between 1990 and 2008. Among the 44 patients, 16 received pre‐operative DCS therapy and subsequent surgical resection after two courses of the therapy.ResultsPre‐operative DCS therapy showed high clinical response ratio (68.8%) and disease control ratio (100%). The pathological response ratio of resected specimen was 87.5%. At 2 years after surgery, the overall survival ratio was 93.8% and relapse‐free survival was 75.0%. Pre‐operative DCS therapy was only independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Grade 3/4 toxicity was observed only in 25.0% of patients who underwent DCS therapy. Surgical complication was observed in 31.3% of patients, and this ratio was equal to that of patients who did not receive DCS therapy.ConclusionMultimodal therapy comprising combined pre‐operative DCS therapy and gastrectomy with PAND was extremely effective and feasible for advanced gastric cancer with PAN metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:535–541. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.