bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of cochlear implantation in asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus deafened children
Authors: Malik Vikas , Bruce Iain A. , Broomfield Stephen J. , Henderson Lisa , Green Kevin M.J. , Ramsden Richard T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The incidence of SNHL is higher in symptomatic cCMV infants and is usually identified early. By contrast, the incidence of SNHL is lower in children with asymptomatic cCMV, and the hearing loss can be delayed in onset and progressive. The objective was to compare the outcome of cochlear implantation in children deafened by cCMV with a control group of children with implants who do not have the condition.Study Design:Retrospective review of case notes and data base.Methods:Retrospective review of 14 children with asymptomatic cCMV who underwent cochlear implantation. Their outcome measures were compared with those of a matched population by using standard assessment tools.Results:In the study group, the Modified Categories of Auditory Performance (M‐CAP) score (range, 1–7) ranged from 2 to 7 (mean, 4.2). In the control group, the M‐CAP ranged from 5 to 7 (mean, 6.0). In the study group, the Manchester Spoken Language Development Scale (MSLDS) score (range, 1–10) ranged from 1 to 9 (mean, 5.4). In the control group, the MSLDS ranged from 3 to 10 (mean, 8.1).Conclusions:Children with asymptomatic deafness caused by cCMV benefit from cochlear implantation but perform less well than a comparable group of children with implants who do not have cCMV. There is a range of performance in the cCMV group that may relate to the degree of motor or cognitive disabilities.
Preliminary evaluation of junior medical students' exposure and comfort with performing the basic head and neck examination
Authors: Wu Edward C. , Passy Victor , Armstrong William B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:To assess junior medical students' comfort levels in performing the head and neck physical examination (H&NPE) and perception of the importance of otolaryngology—head and neck surgery (OTO‐HNS) in medical training before and after undergoing a department‐led teaching session.Design:Anonymous cross‐sectional survey study, before and after educational intervention.Methods:One hundred one second‐year medical students participated in an H&NPE teaching session as part of their preclinical curriculum. Students first watched a 25‐minute H&NPE instructional video. Students then participated in lectures (90 minutes) on OTO‐HNS subspecialties and faculty‐ and resident‐led group H&NPE instruction (five to six students each, 90 minutes) with practice on student partners. Students rated their comfort levels (0–5 point Likert scale) in performing the H&NPE and the importance of OTO‐HNS rotations throughout medical training before and after the session.Results:Ninety‐five and 77 medical students completed presurveys and postsurveys, respectively. Before the teaching session, students reported an average comfort level of 2.1 in performing the complete H&NPE, which increased to 3.4 (P < .0001) after the session. Similar changes were observed for the individual ear, nose, mouth, and neck exams.Conclusions:A specialized teaching session significantly improved medical students' comfort levels in performing the H&NPE and increased their awareness of the importance of OTO‐HNS in medical training immediately after the session.
IONIC DISPLACEMENT AND RECLAMATION OF SALINE‐SODIC SOILS USING CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS AND CROP ROTATION
Authors: Ahmad S. , Ghafoor A. , Akhtar M.E. , Khan M.Z. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTBiological, chemical and bio‐chemical strategies have been tested in the past for reclamation of saline‐sodic and sodic soils. The efficiency of two crop rotations (rice‐wheat and Sesbania‐wheat) alone or in combination with either gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was tested for ionic displacement from four saline‐sodic soils. Pure gypsum was applied at 50 per cent of soil gypsum requirement at the time of planting rice and Sesbania, whereas 95 per cent pure sulfuric acid was added at 50 per cent soil gypsum requirement as one‐third applications by mixing with the first three irrigations. The rice crop biomass decreased at a soil saturation extract electrical conductivity (ECe) of 8 dS m−1, whereas wheat and Sesbania were influenced at a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of ≥40. Gypsum treatment helped the crops flourish well at these ECe and SAR levels. The infiltrated volume of water dropped with decrease in ECe : SAR ratio of soils and increase in crop biomass production. Crops rotation treatments alone helped leach sodium (Na+) and other ions successfully at SAR ≤ 21 but were less effective at SAR ≥ 40 at which point plants growth was also curtailed. Gypsum and H2SO4 treatments significantly aided leaching of Na+ and other ions with water at SAR ≥ 40 under both the crop rotations. Hence, crops effectively reclaimed soil at low sodicity level, whereas at high SAR, chemical amendments are obligatory in order to reclaim soils. This study also suggests that the required dose of H2SO4 should be applied with pre‐planting irrigation for better yield of the first crop. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HOX genes are expressed in bovine and mouse oocytes and early embryos
Authors: Paul Delphine , Bridoux Laure , Rezsöhazy René , Donnay Isabelle 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHOX proteins are transcription factors that play a major role in patterning the body axis of vertebrates from the gastrulation stage. While nothing has been reported so far about their roles at earlier stages, there is evidence that some HOX genes are expressed before gastrulation. The objective of this work was to study the pattern of expression of several HOX genes during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage. Using nested PCR, HOXD1, HOXA3, HOXD4, HOXB7, HOXB9, and HOXC9 transcripts were detected in bovine oocytes and early embryos at various frequencies depending on the stage of development. Quantitative PCR was performed on bovine oocytes and early embryos: relative expression of HOXD1, HOXA3, and HOXC9 decreased sharply after the 5–8 cell stage. HOXB9 relative expression increased between the oocyte and the morula stage. All transcripts seemed to be of maternal origin before the maternal to embryonic transition, as demonstrated by blocking transcription with α‐amanitin. Reverse transcription was performed with either hexamers or oligo‐dT, allowing for the determination that HOXC9 transcripts were slightly deadenylated during oocyte maturation; HOXD1, HOXA3, and HOXB9 transcripts were not, indicating that they could be translated. Hoxd1, Hoxa3, Hoxb9, and Hoxc9 expression was also detected in mouse oocytes and early embryos. A similar pattern of expression was found in the two species. In conclusion, mammalian HOX genes might be implicated in the control of oocyte maturation, the maternal‐to‐embryonic transition or the first steps of embryo differentiation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:436–449, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Die Chemie ist zurück
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: May 2011

AbstractViele Unternehmen bauten im letzten Jahr neue Anlagen, denn die alten waren oft fast vollständig ausgelastet. Im Produktportfolio gab es ebenso Änderungen wie beim Personal auf höchster Ebene und mancher meldete Rekordergebnisse.
Vor 50 Jahren geknackt: Der genetische Code
Authors: Weitze Marc‐Denis 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn der molekularen Evolution nimmt der Code, der die genetische Information mit den funktionellen Molekülen verknüpft, die zentrale Stellung ein. Am 27. Mai jährt sich zum 50. Mal das Experiment, mit dem die Entschlüsselung begann.
Von der Bioregion zum Biotechcluster
Authors: Bengs Holger 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDeutschland hat fünf international wettbewerbsfähige Biotechregionen: München, Berlin, Heidelberg, das Rheinland und Frankfurt. Größe zieht Erfolg nach sich: Forschungsförderung, Unternehmen und privates Kapital. Doch weiteres Kapital und kritische Masse sind nötig.
Thaumasite: Its Relevance to Sulphate Corrosion in Concrete
Authors: Drábik Milan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe simplicity of the formation technology of concrete makes it an important material, one whose range of practical applications has always been several steps ahead of the knowledge of its properties. The increasing number of incidents of serious damage and destruction of concrete and mortar in environments rich in sulphates and carbonates has been a focus of research since several years.
Fachinformationszentrum Chemie: Wie geht es weiter?
Authors: Eckermann Ruben 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDer Senat der Leibniz‐Gemeinschaft empfiehlt, das Fachinformationszentrum Chemie nicht weiter zu fördern, weil es sich zu zögerlich neu ausgerichtet habe. Dies widerspricht teilweise dem Bericht der Bewertungsgruppe, welche die Angebote als zukunftsfähig und förderwürdig einstufte.
Bandwidth allocation under end‐to‐end percentile delay bounds
Authors: Anjum Bushra , Perros Harry , Mountrouidou Xenia , Kontovasilis Kimon 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYWe describe an efficient and accurate approximation method for calculating the bandwidth that should be allocated on each link along the path of a point‐to‐point Multiprotocol Label Switching connection, so that the end‐to‐end delay D is less than or equal to a given value T with a probability γ, that is, P(D ≤ T) = γ. We model a connection by a tandem queuing network of infinite capacity queues. The arrival process of packets to the connection is assumed to be bursty and correlated and it is depicted by a two‐stage Markov‐Modulated Poisson Process. The service times are exponentially distributed. The proposed method uses only the first queue of the tandem queuing network to construct an upper and lower bound of the required bandwidth so that P(D ≤ T) = γ. Subsequently, we estimate the required bandwidth using a simple interpolation function between the two bounds. Extensive comparisons with simulation showed that the results obtained have an average relative error of 1.25%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new exact, closed‐form a priori global error estimator for second‐ and higher‐order time‐integration methods for linear elastodynamics
Authors: Idesman A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn our recent papers, we suggested a new two‐stage time‐integration procedure for linear elastodynamics problems and showed that for long‐term integration, time‐integration methods with zero numerical dissipation are very effective for all linear elastodynamics problems, including structural dynamics, wave propagation and impact problems. In this paper, we have derived a new exact, closed‐form a priori global error estimator for time integration of linear elastodynamics by the trapezoidal rule and the high‐order time continuous Galerkin (TCG) methods with zero numerical dissipation (these methods correspond to the diagonal of the Padé approximation table). The new a priori global error estimator allows the selection of the size (the number) of time increments for the indicated time‐integration methods at the prescribed accuracy as well as the comparison of the effectiveness of the second‐ and high‐order TCG methods at different observation times. A numerical example shows a good agreement between theoretical and numerical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals link between Helicobacter pylori infection and RNA splicing modulation in host cells
Authors: Holland Carsten , Schmid Monika , Zimny‐Arndt Ursula , Rohloff John , Stein Robert , Jungblut Peter R. , Meyer Thomas F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe Gram‐negative, spiral‐shaped bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen that causes chronic inflammation of the human gastric mucosa, leading to peptic ulceration and/or gastric cancer. Here, we analyzed changes in the phosphoproteome of gastric epithelial cells (AGS) upon infection with H. pylori using a combination of SILAC, phosphoprotein enrichment, 2‐DE, and MALDI TOF/TOF‐MS. From a total of 526 spots we identified 391 protein species (143 proteins) and quantified 332 (127 proteins). Nearly, one‐third of the identified proteins (40/143) were associated with the spliceosome or RNA splicing. The abundance of 20 proteins was altered by H. pylori infection, in particular, a number of serine arginine‐rich (SR) proteins involved in the regulation and control of alternative splicing. Importantly, the combined methodologies enabled the detection of infection‐dependent protein species‐specific regulation, suggesting functional modulation of individual protein species. These findings reveal unexpected new insights into the mechanisms of host cell manipulation by H. pylori, which are likely associated with gastric pathologies, including gastric cancer.
Sequential functionalization of janus‐type dendrimer‐like poly(ethylene oxide)s with camptothecin and folic acid
Authors: Feng Xiaoshuang , Pinaud Julien , Chaikof Elliot L. , Taton Daniel , Gnanou Yves 
Published: May 2011

AbstractJanus‐type dendrimer‐like poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEOs) of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation carrying terminal hydroxyl functions on one side and cleavable ketal groups on the other were used as substrates to conjugate folic acid as a folate receptor and camptothecin (CPT) as a therapeutic drug in a sequential fashion. The conjugation of both FA and CPT was accomplished by “click chemistry” based on the 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition coupling reaction. First, the hydroxyl functions present at one face of Janus‐type dendrimer‐like PEOs were transformed into alkyne groups through a simple Williamson‐type etherification reaction. Next, the ketals carried by the other face of the dendrimer‐like PEOs were hydrolyzed, yielding twice as many hydroxyls which were subsequently subjected to an esterification reaction using 2‐bromopropionic bromide. Before substituting azides for the bromide of 2‐bromopropionate esters just generated in the presence of NaN3, an azido‐containing amidified FA derivative was reacted through click chemistry with alkyne functions introduced on the other face of the dendrimer‐like PEOs. A purposely designed alkyne‐functionalized biomolecule derived from CPT was conjugated to the azido functions carried by the dendritic PEOs by a second “click reaction.” In this case, twice as many CPT as FA moieties were finally conjugated to the two faces of the Janus‐type dendrimer‐like PEOs, the numbers of folate and CPT introduced being 2 and 4, 4 and 8, and 8 and 16 for samples of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation, respectively (route A). An alternate route for functionalizing the dendrimer‐like PEO of 1st generation consisted, first, in conjugating the azido‐containing CPT onto the alkyne groups present on one face of the dendritic PEO scaffold. The alkyne‐functionalized FA was further introduced by click chemistry after the bromides of 2‐bromopropionate esters were chemically transformed into azido groups. The corresponding prodrug thus contains 2 CPT and 4 FA external moieties (route B). Every reaction step product was thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A preliminary investigation into the water solution properties of these functionalized dendritic PEOs is also presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis of polyacrylonitrile by single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization using Fe(0) as catalyst and its adsorption properties after modification
Authors: Liu Delong , Chen Hou , Yin Ping , Ji Naiyi , Zong Guangxi , Qu Rongjun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFe(0) was firstly used as single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization catalyst for acrylonitrile polymerization using carbon tetrachloride as initiator, hexamethylenetetramine as N‐ligand, and N,N‐dimethylformamide as the solvent at 65 °C. First‐order kinetic studies indicated that this polymerization proceeded in a “living”/controlled manner. The living nature of the polymerization was also confirmed by chain extension of methyl methacrylate with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as macroinitiator. Furthermore, PAN was modified with NH2OH·HCl to generate amidoxime groups for extraction of heavy metal ions (Hg2+) from aqueous solutions. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy was performed to characterize chemical composition and structure. The adsorption property of Hg2+ was investigated at different pH values of aqueous solutions and distilled water. The maximal saturated adsorption capacity of Hg2+ was 4.8 mmol g−1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Influence of kinetics of drug binding on EGFR signaling: A comparative study of three EGFR signaling pathway models
Authors: Bairy Sneha , Wong Chung F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe used three models of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway mimicking three different cell lines to study the effects of kinetics of drug binding on influencing molecular signaling in the pathways. With no incubation of drugs before the external cue epidermal growth factor (EGF) was applied, we found that fast kinetics of binding to protein kinases was advantageous in suppressing the production of the Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) that triggers cell proliferation, with some exceptions. Incubation of a drug with a protein kinase target for an hour before a pathway was initiated with an external cue made kinetics less significant, so did high concentration of drugs. In addition, we found that applying a drug to a protein kinase mostly affected downstream signaling although upstream events were also affected in a few cases. In examining whether applying two drugs to two protein kinase targets in the pathways could produce synergistic effects, we found positive, negative, or no effects, depending on the protein kinases targeted and the pathway model considered. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of doping on the structure and optical characteristics of Ge2Sb2Te5 amorphous films
Authors: Kozyukhin Sergey , Kudoyarova Vera , Nguyen Huy Phuc , Smirnov Alexander , Lebedev Viktor 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe influence of doping on the structural and optical characteristics of Ge2Sb2Te amorphous thin films has been determined with micro‐Raman scattering spectroscopy and a variable incident angle spectroscopic ellipsometer (VASE). The measured Raman spectra revealed the existence of two overlapping bands B2 near 130 cm‐1 and C1 near 150 cm‐1. The additional small features in the responses were revealed in the range less than 100 cm‐1. Suggest that micro‐Raman scattering spectroscopy can be used to study phase change materials through local structural information. The distinct changes in refractive index and extinction coefficient of Ge2Sb2Te amorphous films due to doping were revealed in the visible range. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Water‐based sonochemical cleaning in the manufacturing of high‐efficiency photovoltaic silicon wafers
Authors: Nadtochiy A. , Podolian A. , Korotchenkov O. , Schmid J. , Kancsar E. , Schlosser V. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe found that organic particle contaminants are effectively removed during ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water, as evidenced by the disappearance of organic‐related absorption peaks and remarkable shortening of the surface photovoltage decay transients (SPV). SPV decay transient mappings obtained with a 100‐μm spatial resolution (see abstract figure) show that, in multicrystalline Si wafers, the resulting effect on the decay time is markedly non‐uniform compared with that observed in crystalline Si, implying the existence of a mechanism associated with the grain boundaries. The data are tentatively interpreted in terms of the wafer hydrogenization, which most probably occur through the grain boundaries. It is assumed that elevated temperatures inside a cavitating bubble may lead to water and bubble gas decomposition, accompanied by a subsequent trapping of the decomposed particulates at the silicon surface. These particulates can then be predominantly incorporated into the grain boundary regions. We suggest that this can be in part due to hydrogen molecules decomposed in water which are mobile in silicon (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic and optical properties of ZnCr2Se4 as explored by first principles and crystal field calculations
Authors: Avram Nicolae M. , Brik Mikhail G. , Sildos Ilmo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOptical, structural, electronic and elastic properties of ZnCr2Se4 have been theoretically modelled using two different approaches: semi‐empirical model of crystal field and ab initio DFT‐based calculations. The former allows for calculations of electronic levels of six‐fold coordinated Cr3+ ions in a crystal field and direct comparison with experimental absorption spectra. The latter allows for analysis of the band structure, density of states, elastic properties and pressure effects for the considered compound. All obtained results are compared with corresponding experimental values; good agreement between the results of calculations and experimental data was demonstrated (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Collective modes of a bilayer double parabolic quantum well spin polarized electron gas
Authors: Campbell Colin , Tifrea Ionel 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe investigate the possible electromagnetically induced collective excitation modes in a bilayer quasi‐two‐dimensional structure build from two adjacent parabolic quantum wells (PQW). We consider both charge and spin excitation modes within and beyond the random phase approximation method. To account for higher order effects we used exchange and correlation spin‐dependent local field correction factors. We analyzed intra‐ and inter‐subband excitations and provide analytic results for their excitation frequencies in the long wavelength limit. In particular, we analyze the spin polarization dependence of the lowest frequency spin density mode and show that its relevant frequency is in the hundred GHz region. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fault detection for batch monitoring and discrete wavelet transforms
Authors: Li, Fang , Church, George , Janakiram, Mani , Gholston Howard , Runger George 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBatch operations are encountered in many industries and measurements are often recorded from automated sensors. It is important to determine whether an unknown batch is normal or unusual given a set of reference batches from normal operations. The measurements from a single batch can contain temporal readings that comprise a large time series. A discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) is applied to use the time and frequency localization of wavelets to extract features. A large number of coefficients can result and several methods to create summary features from the denoised coefficients obtained from DWT are compared. Also, a new summary feature incorporates information from denoised wavelet coefficients. The proposed study considers discrete wavelet‐decompositions combined with principal component analyses to summarize batch characteristics. Results were validated on an industry data set. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.