bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KIr4O8 Nanowires with Rich Hydroxyl Promote Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Li Xiang , Wang Mengna , Wang Qi , Wei Pengfei , Jana Subhajit , Liao Ziqi , Yu Jingcheng , Lu Fang , Liu Tianfu , Wang Guoxiong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics for anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and insufficient catalytic performance over the corresponding Ir‐based catalysts are still enormous challenges in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). Herein, it is reported that KIr4O8 nanowires anode catalyst with more exposed active sites and rich hydroxyl achieves a current density of 1.0 A cm−2 at 1.68 V and possesses excellent catalytic stability with 1230 h in PEMWE. Combining in situ Raman spectroscopy and differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy results, the modified adsorbate evolution mechanism is proposed, wherein the rich hydroxyl in the inherent structure of KIr4O8 nanowires directly participates in the catalytic process for favoring the OER. Density functional theory calculation results further suggest that the enhanced proximity between Ir (d) and O (p) band center in KIr4O8 can strengthen the covalence of Ir–O, facilitate the electron transfer between adsorbents and active sites, and decrease the energy barrier of rate‐determining step from OH* to O* during the OER.
Ultrastable Electrolytic Zn–I2 Batteries Based on Nanocarbon Wrapped by Highly Efficient Single‐Atom Fe‐NC Iodine Catalysts
Authors: Wang Yueyang , Jin Xiangrong , Xiong Jiawei , Zhu Qingyi , Li Qi , Wang Runze , Li Jiazhan , Fan Yanchen , Zhao Yi , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn–iodine (Zn–I2) conversion batteries with iodine redox chemistry suffers the severe polyiodide shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics, which impede the battery lifespan and rate capability. Herein, an ultrastable Zn–I2 battery is introduced based on single‐atom Fe–N–C encapsulated high‐surface‐area carbon (HC@FeNC) as the core–shell cathode materials, which accelerate the I−/I3−/I° conversion significantly. The robust chemical–physical interaction between polyiodides and Fe–N4 sites tightly binds the polyiodide ions and suppresses the polyiodide shuttling, thereby significantly enhancing the coulombic efficiency. As a result, the core–shell HC@FeNC cathode endows the electrolytic Zn–I2 battery with an excellent capacity, remarkable rate capability, and an ultralong lifespan over 60 000 cycles. More importantly, a practical 253 Wh kg−1 pouch cell shows good capacity retention of 84% after 100 cycles, underscoring its considerable potential for commercial Zn–I2 batteries.
3D Laser Writing of Low‐Loss Cross‐Section‐Variable Type‐I Optical Waveguide Passive/Active Integrated Devices in Single Crystals
Authors: Chen Daoyuan , Chen Zhi , Yang Yi , Wang Yuying , Han Xuhu , Lau Kuen Yao , Wu Zhemin , Zou Chen , Zhang Yu , Xu Beibei , Liu Xiaofeng , Ma Zhijun , Dong Guoping , Barillaro Giuseppe , Zhong Lijing , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOptical waveguides fabricated in single crystals offer crucial passive/active optical components for photonic integrated circuits. Single crystals possess inherent advantages over their amorphous counterpart, such as lower optical losses in visible‐to‐mid‐infrared band, larger peak emission cross‐section, higher doping concentration. However, the writing of Type‐I positive refractive index modified waveguides in single crystals using femtosecond laser technology presents significant challenges. Herein, this work introduces a novel femtosecond laser direct writing technique that combines slit‐shaping with an immersion oil objective to fabricate low‐loss Type‐I waveguides in single crystals. This approach allows for precise control of waveguide shape, size, mode‐field, and refractive index distribution, with a spatial resolution as high as 700 nm and a high positive refractive index variation on the order of 10−2, introducing new degrees of freedom to design and fabricate passive/active optical waveguide devices. As a proof‐of‐concept, this work successfully produces a 7 mm‐long circular‐shaped gain waveguide (≈10 µm in diameter) in an Er3+‐doped YAG single crystal, exhibiting a propagation loss as low as 0.23 dB cm−1, a net gain of ≈3 dB and a polarization‐insensitive character. The newly‐developed technique is theoretically applicable to arbitrary single crystals, holding promising potential for various applications in integrated optics, optical communication, and photonic quantum circuits.
Inorganic Composition Modulation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Fast Charging Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Tan Yi‐Hong , Liu Zhu , Zheng Jian‐Hui , Ju Zhi‐Jin , He Xiao‐Ya , Hao Wei , Wu Ye‐Chao , Xu Wen‐Shan , Zhang Hao‐Jie , Li Guo‐Qing , Zhou Li‐Sha , Zhou Fei , Tao Xinyong , Yao Hong‐Bin , Liang Zheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with lithium fluoride (LiF) is critical to the performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to its high stability and mechanical properties. However, the low Li ion conductivity of LiF impedes the rapid diffusion of Li ions in the SEI, which leads to localized Li ion oversaturation dendritic deposition and hinders the practical applications of LMBs at high‐current regions (>3 C). To address this issue, a fluorophosphated SEI rich with fast ion‐diffusing inorganic grain boundaries (LiF/Li3P) is introduced. By utilizing a sol electrolyte that contains highly dispersed porous LiF nanoparticles modified with phosphorus‐containing functional groups, a fluorophosphated SEI is constructed and the presence of electrochemically active Li within these fast ion‐diffusing grain boundaries (GBs‐Li) that are non‐nucleated is demonstrated, ensuring the stability of the Li || NCM811 cell for over 1000 cycles at fast‐charging rates of 5 C (11 mA cm−2). Additionally, a practical, long cycling, and intrinsically safe LMB pouch cell with high energy density (400 Wh kg−1) is fabricated. The work reveals how SEI components and structure design can enable fast‐charging LMBs.
A Binder‐Free Nickel‐Rich Cathode Composite Utilizing Low‐Bundled Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Mousavihashemi Seyedabolfazl , Khabushev Eldar M. , Lahtinen Jouko , Bogdanova Alisa R. , Novikov Ilya V. , Krasnikov Dmitry V. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Kallio Tanja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, the performance of a binder‐free LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NMC622) positive electrode utilizing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is investigated and compared to the conventional state‐of‐the‐art NMC622 composite positive electrode. The binder‐free electrode has been prepared without using toxic and expensive N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent and it is free‐standing that allows a wider range of applications such as flexible devices. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge–discharge reveal that the binder‐free positive electrode performance is similar to the conventional composite cathodes, deducing that only ≈1% of SWCNTs perform well not only as a conductive agent but also as a binder. The NMC622 composite electrode with SWCNTs provided specific capacity of 135.8 mAh g−1 at a 5C rate during discharge, with above 97% capacity retention after the rate capability test in a half cell.
Regioselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted Fluoropyrazoles via Silver‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Cyclization Reaction of Diazo Reagents with Fluoronitroalkenes
Authors: Wang Rong , Nie Jing , Deng Xiaojuan , Ding Guosheng , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA silver‐catalyzed regioselective one‐pot cyclization reaction of diazo reagents with fluoronitroalkenes was developed. This transformation presents a method for accessing a series of 4‐aryl‐3‐fluoropyrazoles that are substituted with various groups such as trifluoromethyl, carboxylic ester, nitrile, and phosphonate ester. Further synthetic transformations offered the corresponding fluorinated and trifluoromethylated analogues of two fungicide compounds.
Circularity of Polymers Used in Hospitals: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Solutions
Authors: Zechel Maria , Zechel Stefan , Schubert Ulrich S. , Ruckdäschel Holger 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymers are applied extensively in the healthcare sector and enable a variety of different applications. In addition to packaging and personal protective equipment, a large number of medical devices are also coated with or consist of polymers. Today's medicine is therefore inconceivable without these materials. However, the huge challenge is to design these polymers more sustainable and to find new possibilities for the future of medicine with polymers. This study therefore highlights potential ways, in how polymers applied in the healthcare sector and in particular in hospitals can be utilized in a circular manner, but also indicates what risks and challenges this entails.
Efficient Ionic Conductor Anode Materials with Heterojunction Structure of MnOx/Si@C Utilized in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Chenxi , Zheng Jiameng , Li Zhenrui , Wu Jinwei , Xu Anding , Sun Wenqing , Li Xue , Wu Songping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of alternative energy vehicles has raised higher requirements for electrode materials. Silicon, with superhigh specific capacity, is highly anticipated in the field of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, the original drawbacks of serious volumetric effect and poor conductivity have confined its commercial steps severely. Herein, a novel composite, based on submicron silicon flakes embedded into carbon shell, with heterojunction‐bearing MnOx nanoparticles, is designed and synthesized successfully via sanding process and in situ thermal reduction methods. The results of electrochemical performance tests and related fitting data show that the presence of MnOx particles facilitates rapid Li+ transport and reduces the impedance associated with Li+ diffusion from the surface to the inner core of the MnOx/Si@C material. The two‐dimensional (2D) silicon flakes and uniform carbon shell have positive influence on structural stability and electronic conductivity. Benefit from the rational design, the optimized MnOx/Si@C composite delivers an outstanding cycling stability of 1106.59 mAh·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 over 1000 cycles with a capacity retention of 71.09%. Besides, the goal material possesses a lithium‐ion diffusion coefficient of ≈1.04×10−9 cm2·s−1. This work provides a reference for the mass preparation of advanced anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Ultra‐Low Power and Reliable Dynamic Memtransistor Based on Charge Storage Junction FET with Step‐Wise Potential Barrier for Energy‐Efficient Edge Computing Framework
Authors: Park Taehoon , Seo Seokho , Kim Yujin , Park See‐On , Choi Soobin , Hong Seokman , Jeong Hakcheon , Choi Shinhyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe emergence of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has ushered in the era of big data. The demand for low‐power hardware systems and efficient algorithms has become more imperative. In this study, an ultra‐low‐power dynamic memtransistor based on the charge storage junction Field‐Effect Transistor (FET) with a step‐wise potential barrier is developed. A simple yet efficient device structure allows for analog programming and spontaneous relaxation. The device demonstrated fast speed (tens of nanoseconds (ns)) and low current (in picoamperes (pA)), resulting in ultra‐low programming power (in attojoules (aJ)). Furthermore, the device exhibited high reliability, with a 0.4% cycle‐to‐cycle variation and endurance over 107pulses, owing to its non‐structural destructive operation process. An operation scheme is developed that enables read on/off and program/inhibition mode for 2T (1 memtransistor‐1 selecting transistor) array. The capability to distinguish temporal data using the device's spontaneous relaxation characteristics is demonstrated. A reservoir computing (RC) system framework is constructed using simulation and verified that the dynamic memtransistor can extract features efficiently from a hand‐written digit dataset. It is anticipated that the developed dynamic memtransistor, with its distinctive temporal characteristics, will play a pivotal role in developing a novel low‐power computing framework.
2,2′‐Thienoviologens with Low Reduction Potential for Electrochromism and Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Using g‐C3N4‐Based Composites via Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Gao Yujing , Liu Chenjing , Li Yawen , Li Guoping , Sun Qi , Shi Shuai , He Gang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA series of sulfur‐bridged 2,2′‐viologens, 2,2′‐thienoviologens (2,2′‐SV2+) with propyl bridge and hydroxyl bridges, are synthesized for the first time. The 2,2′‐thienoviologens exhibited improved visible‐light absorption, narrow energy gap, more negative reduction potential (160 mV lower than 4,4′‐thienoviologens) and more stable free radical states compared with 4,4′‐thienoviologens and parent 2,2′‐viologens. The utilization of femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) demonstrated that 2,2′‐thienoviologen can produce distinct charge‐separated states under visible light excitation. Due to their excellent photophysical and electrochemical properties, the 2,2′‐thienoviologens are used for electrochromic devices and combined with g‐C3N4 via hydrogen bonds for visible‐light catalytic production. Based on the advantageous electron‐donating properties of 2,2′‐SV2+, the hydrogen release efficiency of the 2,2′‐thienoviologens‐modified composites is 8542 µmol·h−1·g−1, a value that is the highest reported for hydrogen production from organic small‐molecule‐modified g‐C3N4 and 78 times higher than that of unmodified g‐C3N4. This study presents a concise method to convert solar energy and broaden the potential applications of 2,2′‐viologens in photocatalytic systems.
Significance of perioperative inter‐departmental collaboration for obstetric emergency response: A mini‐review
Authors: Komasawa Nobuyasu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review underscores the crucial role of interdisciplinary collaboration in managing obstetric emergencies such as crisis bleeding. Prompt clinical judgment and coordinated interventions involving various departments are emphasized for the well‐being of both the mother and newborn. The review explores the importance of emergency response infrastructure in obstetric facilities and delves into the 2022 Obstetric Crisis Bleeding Guidelines, emphasizing the relevance of a DIC score for severity assessment. The collaborative efforts within the operating room, involving different healthcare professionals, are detailed, stressing meticulous coordination during emergencies like massive bleeding. The necessity of interprofessional collaboration for building a responsive perioperative management team is discussed, with a focus on leadership, followership, and effective communication. The abstract also proposes simulation‐based education for inter‐departmental training, emphasizing a modified non‐technical skill evaluation tool tailored to the unique characteristics of obstetric crisis management in the operating room. Continuous formative assessment of these factors is deemed essential for effective training in various obstetric emergency situations.
Highly efficient reactive compatibilization of biodegradable PBAT/EVOH blend by pMDI
Authors: Soltani Ensieh , Motlagh Ghodratollah Hashemi , Elhamnia Mehdi , Dadashi Parsa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymeric methylene diphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) was used as a reactive compatibilizer to improve the mechanical properties of the PBAT/EVOH blend. Initially, pMDI was blended with pure polymers. Adding pMDI led to a 10‐fold rise in the viscosity of PBAT/pMDI compared to pure PBAT, with an enhancement in tensile properties, attributed to pMDI's chain‐extending effect in the PBAT phase. Conversely, a reduction in the elongation at the break of EVOH/pMDI indicated a cross‐linking role for pMDI in the EVOH phase. Notably, the blend with 1 wt% of pMDI showed a high tensile strength of 38 MPa by route II, much above 13.5 MPa for the one prepared by route I, and 14 MPa for the blank PBAT/EVOH blend without pMDI. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, FE‐SEM images, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) results confirmed the occurrence of effective reactions in route II. Modification of the blend with pMDI decreased the crystallinity of EVOH, the size of EVOH droplets, and the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the blends. However, an increase in the pMDI content above 0.5 wt% decreased OTR. Therefore, the modified blends of PBAT/EVOH with pMDI can be used as an efficient compatibilizer or adhesive layer in PBAT/EVOH blends or multilayer films for agricultural or food packaging applications.
Optimizing the fatigue‐resistant actuation performance of gel‐based bionic artificial muscles (GBAMs): A comparative study on crosslinking agents
Authors: Yang Junjie , Wang Shengong , Wang Siyong , Yao Jintong , Wei Kang , Yu Tao , Fang Mingjian , Jiang Zhen , Sha Tong , Wen Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study examined the impact of various calcium salts crosslinking agents on the fatigue‐resistant actuation performance of gel‐based bionic artificial muscles (GBAMs) that exhibited directional bending deflection and generated actuation force when electrically stimulated, thereby converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. Furthermore, a comparative investigation was carried out to examine the mechanical properties, electrochemical characteristics, microstructure, material composition, and actuation lifespan of GBAMs doped with various calcium salts, which were commonly found in biological muscles. Moreover, this research paper offered a comprehensive analysis of the mechanoelectric coupling's contribution towards optimizing the fatigue‐resistant actuation performance of the GBAM. The findings indicated that the GBAM, synthesized through the cross‐linking of calcium iodide doped with a 25% volume fraction of ethanol absolute, exhibited superior mechanical properties, electrochemical characteristics, microstructure, and actuation lifespan when compared to various other calcium salts. Hence, following a comprehensive comparison, it could be deduced that the fatigue‐resistant actuation performance of the GBAM, synthesized using calcium iodide doped with a 25% volume fraction of ethanol absolute as a crosslinking agent, exhibited the highest level of effectiveness when compared to the other four calcium salts.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Indenylidene Derivatives via 1,5‐Acryl Migration
Authors: Karunakar Galla V. , Bharath Kumar Perla , Rami Reddy Pammi Venkata , Sunil Komalla , Emmaniel Raju Chittala , Sridhar Balasubramanian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel gold (I)‐catalyzed synthetic strategy has been achieved for an efficient construction of indenylidene derivatives from substituted 1,6‐diynes. This reaction describes the unique reactivity of gold catalysis in facilitating the intramolecular [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement, 5‐exo dig cyclization followed by 1,5‐migration of acryl group, resulting in the formation of substituted indenylidenes. Various substituted indenylidenes were successfully synthesized with up to 92 % yields. In this protocol, two new C−C bonds were sequentially formed atom economically in one pot.
Intercalated Water Drives Anomalous Thermal Expansion in the Tetragonal Zircon Structured Bismuth Vanadate BiVO4Photocatalyst
Authors: Mullens Bryce G. , Marlton Frederick P. , Nicholas Maria K. , Permana Ahmadi J. , Brand Helen E. A. , Maynard‐Casely Helen E. , Chater Philip A. , Kennedy Brendan J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe thermal transformation of the tetragonal‐zircon (tz‐) to tetragonal‐scheelite (ts‐)BiVO4was studied byin situsynchrotron X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy. Upon heating, the tetragonal zircon polymorph of BiVO4(tz‐BiVO4) transitioned to thets‐polymorph between 693–773 K. Above 773 K, single phasets‐BiVO4was observed before transitioning to the monoclinic fergusonite (mf‐) polymorph upon cooling. An anomaly in thermal expansion was observed between 400–500 K, associated with the loss of intercalated H2O/NH4+from the coprecipitation procedure. Heatingtz‐BiVO4resulted in contraction of the V−O bond distance and VO4polyhedra volume, ascribed to rotation of the tetrahedra groups. Attempts to study this by neutron diffraction failed due to the large incoherent scatter from the hydrogenous species. Efforts to remove these species while maintaining thetz‐BiVO4structure were unsuccessful, suggesting they play a role in stabilizing thetz‐polymorph. The local structure of bothmf‐BiVO4 andtz‐BiVO4 were investigated by X‐ray pair distribution function analysis, revealing local distortions.
Weighted information entropy‐based Kalman filter for outliers and structural noise
Authors: Ma Haiping , Yao Jiuyi , Huang Jiyuan , Jiang Zheheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStructural noise and outliers are widely present in real‐world state estimate scenarios, and they significantly degrade the performance of most filtering algorithms based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. To address this problem, this paper first models structural noise and outliers as independent and piecewise identical distribution (IPID). Then, a minimum error weighted entropy‐based Kalman filter (MEWE‐KF) is proposed, where a new cost function is constructed by introducing a weight function related to error location distances in an original information space into the minimum error entropy (MEE) criterion. Further, the iterative formulations of the proposed filter are derived, and the computational complexity and the convergence are also analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed filter with adaptive weights has the superior performance for suppressing structural noise and outliers.
Reversible effects on female rat fertility with abrocitinib, a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor
Authors: Bowman Christopher J. , Campion Sarah N. , Catlin Natasha R. , Nowland William S. , Stethem Christine M. , Radi Zaher A. , Cappon Gregg D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAbrocitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) 1 selective inhibitor approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Female reproductive tissues were unaffected in general toxicity studies, but an initial female rat fertility study resulted in adverse effects at all doses evaluated. A second rat fertility study was conducted to evaluate lower doses and potential for recovery.MethodsThis second study had 4 groups of 20 females each administered abrocitinib (0, 3, 10, or 70 mg/kg/day) 2 weeks prior to cohabitation through gestation day (GD) 7. In addition, 2 groups of 20 rats (0 or 70 mg/kg/day) were dosed for 3 weeks followed by a 4‐week recovery period before mating. All mated females were evaluated on GD 14.ResultsNo effects were observed at ≤10 mg/kg/day. At 70 mg/kg/day (29x human exposure), decreased pregnancy rate, implantation sites, and viable embryos were observed. All these effects reversed 4 weeks after the last dose.ConclusionsBased on these data and literature on the potential role of JAK signaling in implantation, we hypothesize that these effects may be related to JAK1 inhibition and, generally, that peri‐implantation effects such as these, in the absence of cycling or microscopic changes in nonpregnant female reproductive tissues, are anticipated to be reversible.