bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biennial cycling caused by demographic delays in a fire‐adapted annual plant
Authors: Quintana‐Ascencio Pedro F. , Menges Eric S. , Weekley Carl W. , Kelrick Michael I. , Pace‐Aldana Beatriz 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe explored models explaining population cycling in the annual Warea carteri. We modeled the life cycle of W. carteri and compared projected trajectories to independently observed trajectories (up to 16 years) of plants in 74 patches in three populations. We built matrix models with an annual time step for two populations, including four stages, (recently produced seeds, seeds in the seed bank, seedlings, and adults) and five vital rates, summarized in seven transitions. Fluctuations of both observed and modeled populations were evaluated using power spectra, autocorrelation, amplitude, and damping. Observed populations had two point cycling. Observed amplitude was higher in frequently burned populations, reached its maximum 1 year after fire, and then dampened. Asymptotic transition and vital rate elasticities showed that seedling survival was the most important factor for long‐term population growth, but transient elasticities showed that recruitment from the seed bank was important during the first years post‐fire. Deterministic modeling and elasticity analyses indicated that delayed germination (for 1 year) may explain biennial population cycling. Stochastic models created similar cycling with slower damping than deterministic models, but still had lower amplitudes (especially 1–3 years post‐fire) than observed populations. The biennial cycle in W. carteri is likely caused by the delay in seed germination, which creates two overlapping cohorts of plants, much like a strict biennial. Fire initiates the cycle by killing aboveground individuals and promoting seedling recruitment in the first post‐fire year.
Partnering with Children Diagnosed with Mental Health Issues: Contributions of a Sociology of Childhood Perspective to Participatory Action Research
Authors: Liegghio Maria , Nelson Geoffrey , Evans Scot D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper explores the use of participatory action research (PAR) with children diagnosed with mental health issues. We argue that critiques from the sociology of childhood are useful for guiding PAR with children. First, we describe and critique values and assumptions that underlie research and practice with children who experience mental health issues. Second, we outline key qualities of the sociology of childhood, discuss their implications for PAR with children diagnosed with mental health issues, and touch on ethical issues. Five themes are explored: (a) values, (b) ontology/epistemology, (c) views about children, (d) agency/power in children's relationships with adults, and (e) intervention/change focus. We conclude by encouraging community psychologists to consider PAR with children diagnosed with mental health issues.
Biobanks: Importance, Implications and Opportunities for Genetic Counselors
Authors: Hawkins Alice K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBiobanks are collections of human biological tissue specimens and related health data. Biobank research hopes to provide novel insights into the genetic component of disease, ultimately leading to a more personalized approach to healthcare. However, biobanks have sparked debate due to the ethical, legal, and social implications surrounding utilization of population samples and data. These controversies include issues of consent, privacy and confidentiality, return of results and data‐sharing. This paper provides an overview of the different types and scope of biobanks and an examination of the most pertinent ethical, legal and social considerations surrounding such research, as well as how some of these concerns are being addressed. The paper finishes with a discussion of the relevance of biobanks to the genetic counseling field and concludes that genetic counselors are in a position to make a unique, educated and practical contribution to the ongoing dialogue and direction of biobank research.
Socioeconomic Status and Psychological Function in Children with Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Implications for Genetic Counseling
Authors: Shashi Vandana , Keshavan Matcheri , Kaczorowski Jessica , Schoch Kelly , Lewandowski Kathryn E. , McConkie‐Rosell Allyn , Hooper Stephen R. , Kwapil Thomas R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between parental socio‐economic status (SES) and childhood neurocognition and behavior in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Although undoubtedly, the deletion of genes in the 22q11.2 interval is primarily responsible for the psychological manifestations, little is known about the role of the environment in either mitigating or contributing to these problems. We examined the association of parental socio‐economic status (SES) with cognition and behavior in children with 22q11DS (n = 65) and matched healthy control subjects (n = 52), since SES is a component of family resources. We found that in children with 22q11DS, higher SES correlated with better overall functioning (p < .01) and social skills (p < .01), and less frequent oppositional defiant behavior (p < .001). These findings were in contrast to the control subjects in whom SES correlated with cognition and achievement, but not behavior. Our results indicate that environmental factors influence the behavioral phenotype in children with 22q11DS, providing a framework for developing appropriate interventions. As such, genetic counseling for families with 22q11DS may include consideration of family resources and inclusion of other health professionals, such as social workers, to explore with the family available social supports and resources.
The Influence of Secondary Emulsifiers on Lipid Oxidation within Sodium Caseinate‐Stabilized Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Richards Amy , Golding Matt , Wijesundera Chakra , Lundin Leif 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of protein displacement at the interface by a secondary emulsifier on the oxidative stability of sodium caseinate‐stabilized tuna oil‐in‐water emulsion systems was determined. Emulsions were prepared with a selection of anionic and non‐ionic emulsifiers and stored at both 25 and 50 °C with no added prooxidant, and at 4 °C in the presence of ferrous sulfate. The progress of oxidation during storage was monitored through solid phase microextraction headspace analysis. Metal ion catalyzed oxidation was enhanced for the emulsions stabilized with an anionic emulsifier in comparison to emulsion systems stabilized with non‐ionic emulsifiers and sodium caseinate alone. The increased oxidation observed for the emulsion with the anionic surfactant is due to electrostatic interactions between divalent metal ions and the negatively charged surfactant at the oil‐water interface. The sodium caseinate interfacial layer had little prooxidant effect at the droplet surface, most likely due to the ability of free protein molecules in solution to sequester metal ions, which may have provided some protection against oxidative deterioration.
Le statut des concessives enavoir beaudu français: considérations synchroniques et diachroniques
Authors: CONTI VIRGINIE , BÉGUELIN MARIE-JOSÉ 
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉCet article traite d'un tour spécifique au français: la structure concessive avecavoir beau+ infinitif (Il aura beau sonner, je ne lui ouvrirai pas(Riegelet alii1996: 520), à comprendre comme:Il pourra bien sonner/Il pourra sonner autant qu'il veut, je ne lui ouvrirai pas). Nous nous y interrogeons sur la nature du lien syntaxique qui s'instaure, en français moderne, entre les deux membres de cette structure « en diptyque ». Nous commençons par un aperçu critique des descriptions dont la séquence a fait l'objet dans les grammaires du français contemporain; nous tirons ensuite quelques enseignements de l'évolution des emplois entre moyen français et français contemporain. Pour conclure cette étude à caractère préliminaire, nous formulons quelques hypothèses relatives au scénario diachronique de coalescence dans lequel notre structure semble engagée.
Selective review of cognitive aging
Authors: SALTHOUSE TIMOTHY A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractResearch concerned with relations between adult age and cognitive functioning is briefly reviewed. The coverage is necessarily selective, and is organized in terms of five major questions. These are what abilities are related to age, how many distinct influences are contributing to the relations between age and cognitive functioning, do the differences between people increase with advancing age, what is responsible for the discrepancies between cross-sectional and longitudinal age comparisons of cognitive functioning, and what methods can be used to identify causes of age-related influences on cognition. Although definitive answers are not yet possible, quite a bit of information relevant to the questions is now available. Moreover, the existing information has implications for the design, analysis, and interpretation of cognitive and neuropsychological research concerned with aging. (JINS, 2010, 16, 754–760.)
Dissociation between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 and Blood Vessel Density in the Caudate Nucleus after Chronic Hydrocephalus
Authors: Deshpande Abhishek , Dombrowski Stephen M , Leichliter Anna , Krajcir Natalie , Zingales Nicholas , Inoue Masahiro , Schenk Soren , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Luciano Mark G 
Published: August 2010

Correction to: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2009) 29, 1806–1815; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.98; published online 15 July 2009 Following the publication of this article, the authors noted the following error: Figure 4E (Bar graph illustrating total density of GFAP astrocytes) is to be replaced by the following graph. The original bar graph submitted is for the density of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) + GFAP (glial fibrilliary acidic protein) cells and not for the total density of GFAP cells. The original graph was inadvertently submitted for publication. The changing of the graph does not change any text in the publication or any other data or graphs already published. The change also does not influence the interpretation or the conclusions of the paper. The authors regret the error.
Identification and biophysical assessment of the molecular recognition mechanisms between the human haemopoietic cell kinase Src homology domain 3 and ALG-2-interacting protein X
Authors: Shi Xiaoli , Opi Sandrine , Lugari Adrien , Restouin Audrey , Coursindel Thibault , Parrot Isabelle , Perez Javier , Madore Eric , Zimmermann Pascale , Corbeil Jacques , Huang Mingdong , Arold Stefan T. , Collette Yves , Morelli Xavier 
Published: August 2010

SFKs (Src family kinases) are central regulators of many signalling pathways. Their functions are tightly regulated through SH (Src homology) domain-mediated protein–protein interactions. A yeast two-hybrid screen using SH3 domains as bait identified Alix [ALG-2 (apoptosis-linked gene 2)-interacting protein X] as a novel Hck (haemopoietic cell kinase) SH3 domain interactor. The Alix–Hck-SH3 interaction was confirmed in vitro by a GST (glutathione transferase) pull-down assay and in intact cells by a mammalian two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, the interaction was demonstrated to be biologically relevant in cells. Through biophysical experiments, we then identified the PRR (proline-rich region) motif of Alix that binds Hck-SH3 and determined a dissociation constant of 34.5 μM. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy experiments were used to map the Hck-SH3 residues that interact with an ALIX construct containing the V and PRR domains or with the minimum identified interacting motif. Finally, SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) analysis showed that the N-terminal PRR of Alix is unfolded, at least before Hck-SH3 recognition. These results indicate that residues outside the canonical PxxP motif of Alix enhance its affinity and selectivity towards Hck-SH3. The structural framework of the Hck–Alix interaction will help to clarify how Hck and Alix assist during virus budding and cell-surface receptor regulation.
Epidemiological Patterns and Hospital Characteristics Associated with Increased Incidence ofClostridium difficileInfection in Quebec, Canada, 1998–2006
Authors: Gilca Rodica , Hubert Bruno , Fortin Elise , Gaulin Colette , Dionne Marc 
Published: August 2010

Objective.To explore epidemiological patterns of the incidence ofClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) and hospital characteristics associated with increased incidence during nonepidemic and epidemic years.Design.Retrospective and prospective ecological study.Setting.Eighty-three acute care hospitals participating in CDI surveillance in the province of Quebec, Canada.Methods.A Serfling-type regression model applied to data obtained from an administrative database (1998-2006) and prospective Quebec CDI surveillance (2004-2006) was used to calculate expected CDI baseline incidence and to detect incidence exceeding the defined epidemic threshold at the provincial and hospital level. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to determine hospital characteristics associated with increased incidence during nonepidemic (1998-2001) and epidemic (2003-2005) periods.Results.During the study period (1998-2006), 4,525,847 discharges, including 45,508 with a CDI in any diagnosis field, were reported by 83 hospitals. During 1998-2001, the average Quebec incidence of CDI was 10,304 cases in 1,775,822 discharges (5.8 cases per 1,000 discharges) and presented a pattern of seasonality, with similar patterns at the hospital level for some hospitals. The Quebec epidemic started in October-November 2002 and peaked in March 2004 at 845 cases in 40,852 discharges (20.7 cases per 1,000 discharges). In multivariable analysis, higher incidence was associated with location in Montreal and surrounding regions, greater hospital size, larger proportion of hospitalized elderly patients, longer length of stay, and greater proportion of comorbidities in patients, whereas teaching profile was associated with decreased incidence during both nonepidemic and epidemic periods. The effect of geographical location on incidence was greater during the epidemic.Conclusion.Baseline incidence from nonepidemic years and hospital characteristics associated with CDI incidence should be taken into account when estimating the efficacy of interventions.
Staining for Acetylcholinesterase in Brain Sections
Authors: Paul Carol Ann , Beltz Barbara , Berger-Sweeney Joanne 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe stain described here is a relatively simple method to determine the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain sections. In addition, the intensity of the stain is an indication of the quantity of the enzyme present. It has been suggested that the distribution of AChE should correspond to the distribution of acetylcholine; however, it has been shown that this not always true. In this protocol, free-floating sections are incubated in an acetylthiocholine and copper-buffered solution at 40ºC until the hippocampus shows signs of staining (turning white). The stain is then developed with a silver solution so that the stained areas appear brown.
Choline Acetyltransferase Staining in Brain Sections
Authors: Paul Carol Ann , Beltz Barbara , Berger-Sweeney Joanne 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes the use of immunocytochemical methods to stain for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The avidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase complex (ABC) triple-labeling method used here takes advantage of the extraordinary affinity between avidin and biotin. Horseradish peroxidase attached to biotin in the complex is developed using diaminobenzidine (DAB).
Lysis of Cultured Cells for Immunoprecipitation
Authors: Ji Hong 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONCell lysis with mild detergent is commonly used with cultured animal cells. If low detergent concentrations are sufficient to cause cell lysis (e.g., 1% Nonidet P-40 [NP-40] or 1% Triton X-100), this method can be gentler to the protein of interest than mechanical homogenization methods. The choice of detergent must be tailored to the nature of the epitope recognized by the immunoprecipitating antibody. If the antibody recognizes a linear peptide epitope (e.g., a synthetic peptide), then use a harsh denaturing lysis buffer (e.g., RIPA buffer). On the other hand, if the antibody is directed toward a conformational epitope, use NP-40 lysis buffer (or 1% Triton X-100). This protocol presents separate methods for lysing cells grown as monolayer cultures and for cells grown in suspension.
Lysis of Cultured Animal Cells, Yeast, and Bacteria for Immunoblotting
Authors: Ji Hong 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes cell lysis for immunoblotting. Cell lysis with detergents is commonly used with cultured animal cells. Typically, a 2% solution of the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is sufficient for lysing cells for the purpose of immunoblotting studies. Both cultured animal cells and bacteria such as Escherichia coli can be lysed in this manner. If the antigenic determinant recognized by the antibody being studied is dependent on the native spatial conformation and sensitive to reducing conditions, then dithiothreitol (DTT) should be omitted from the lysis buffer and non-reducing/non-urea gels might need to be used.
Preparation of Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) and Poly(Ethylene Oxide) (PEO) Nanoparticles as Carriers for Gene Delivery
Authors: Csaba Noémi S. , Sánchez Alejandro , Alonso Maria Jose 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONNew nanoparticulate blend compositions based on poly(D,L lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) derivatives have been designed as transmucosal gene carriers. These nanosystems benefit from the inherent biodegradability and low toxicity of their components and the mild conditions required for their preparation. In addition, specific advantages of these nanoparticles for in vivo gene delivery are (1) their adequate DNA loading capacity, (2) their ability to control the release of the encapsulated DNA for extended periods of time while preserving its delicate conformational structure as well as its biological activity, and (3) their capacity to overcome the nasal mucosa barrier and transport the associated model DNA vaccine, leading to a significant systemic immune response against the encoded protein. This protocol describes the preparation and characterization of DNA-loaded nanoparticles composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PEO and the use of these particles as transmucosal gene delivery carriers.
Immunocytochemical Staining of Drosophila Larval Body-Wall Muscles
Authors: Ramachandran Preethi , Budnik Vivian 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONOver the last two decades, the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has gained immense popularity as a model system for the study of synaptic development, function, and plasticity. With this model, it is easy to visualize synapses and manipulate the system genetically with a high degree of temporal and spatial control, which makes it ideal for resolving problems in synaptic physiology and development. This article describes a procedure for labeling various proteins with antibodies in dissected larval body-wall muscles and visualizing their localization and distribution in the brain, NMJ, and muscle.
FM1-43 Labeling of Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junctions
Authors: Ramachandran Preethi , Budnik Vivian 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONOver the last two decades, the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has gained immense popularity as a model system for the study of synaptic development, function, and plasticity. With this model, it is easy to visualize synapses and manipulate the system genetically with a high degree of temporal and spatial control, which makes it ideal for resolving problems in synaptic physiology and development. Here, we describe a simple method for looking at vesicle recycling at the NMJ by labeling with FM1-43 dye.
Multi-Layer In Vivo Imaging of Neocortex Using a Microprism
Authors: Chia Thomas H. , Levene Michael J. 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONTwo-photon fluorescence microscopy is an integral tool in the field of neuroscience research. Applications of two-photon microscopy to in vivo deep-brain imaging are limited due to substantial light scattering by dense neural tissue. Conventional in vivo imaging can only access the superficial 300-400 μm of neocortex and suffers from nonuniform intensity and poor signal-to-noise as the depth increases. This protocol presents a technique to produce high-quality images deep into the mouse neocortex by inserting a 1-mm right-angle glass microprism into the neocortex. The microprism serves to reflect the laser excitation light and the fluorescence emission off a high-reflective coating on the prism’s hypotenuse to provide a side-on imaging perspective of multiple neocortical layers simultaneously. This “inverted periscope” technique allows for wide field-of-view imaging of layer V green fluorescent protein (GFP) cell bodies with their apical dendrites extending through the superficial layers. Microprisms maintain spatial resolutions capable of resolving dendritic spines. Furthermore, microprisms can image the network of blood vessels in the neocortex and blood flow through microcapillaries to obtain information such as red blood cell (RBC) flux and velocity.
Analysis of Targeted Chromosomal Deletions Induced by Zinc Finger Nucleases
Authors: Kim Seokjoong , Lee Hyung Joo , Kim Eunji , Kim Jin-Soo 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONTargeted genomic deletions of large DNA segments in higher eukaryotic cells and organisms have been difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. Current approaches for targeted genomic deletions utilizing recombination systems (such as Flp/FRT and Cre/loxP) or bacterial artificial chromosomes are mostly limited to mouse embryonic stem cells, which support genetic manipulation by homologous recombination. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are artificial restriction enzymes, made by fusing an engineered zinc finger DNA-binding domain (which targets a desired sequence) to the DNA cleavage domain of the FokI type IIS restriction enzyme. In the cell, ZFNs can generate targeted DNA double-strand breaks on a chromosome and thus have been used to introduce site-specific, local mutations to a gene of interest. In addition, ZFNs have been recently reported to induce large genomic deletions in cultured human cells. In this protocol, we describe methods to detect and analyze large genomic deletions in cultured cells introduced by expression of ZFNs that target two separate sites on a chromosome.