bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous tantalum and poly‐ε‐caprolactone biocomposites for osteochondral defect repair: Preliminary studies in rabbits
Authors: Mrosek Eike H. , Schagemann Jan C. , Chung Hsi‐Wei , Fitzsimmons James S. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Mardones Rodrigo M. , O'Driscoll Shawn W. , Reinholz Gregory G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCurrently, various techniques are in use for the repair of osteochondral defects, none of them being truly satisfactory and they are often two step procedures. Comorbidity due to cancellous bone harvest from the iliac crest further complicates the procedure. Our previous in vitro studies suggest that porous tantalum (TM) or poly‐ε‐caprolactone scaffolds (PCL) in combination with periosteal grafts could be used for osteochondral defect repair. In this in vivo study, cylindrical osteochondral defects were created on the medial and lateral condyles of 10 rabbits and filled with TM/periosteum or PCL/periosteum biosynthetic composites (n = 8 each). The regenerated osteochondral tissue was then analyzed histologically, and evaluated in an independent and blinded manner by five different observers using a 30‐point histological score. The overall histological score for PCL/periosteum was significantly better than for TM/periosteum. However, most of the regenerates were well integrated with the surrounding bone (PCL/periosteum, n = 6.4; TM/periosteum, n = 7) along with partial restoration of the tidemark (PCL/periosteum, n = 4.4; TM/periosteum, n = 5.6). A cover of hyaline‐like morphology was found after PCL/periosteum treatment (n = 4.8), yet the cartilage yields were inconsistent. In conclusion, the applied TM and PCL scaffolds promoted excellent subchondral bone regeneration. Neo‐cartilage formation from periosteum supported by a scaffold was inconsistent. This is the first study to show in vivo results of both PCL and TM scaffolds for a novel approach to osteochondral defect repair. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:141–148, 2010
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy identification of urinary stone composition from ureteroscopic lithotripsy urine powder
Authors: Chiu Yi‐Chun , Yang Hao‐Yu , Lu Shing‐Hwa , Chiang Huihua Kenny 
Published: September 2009

AbstractUrolithiasis is a prevalent, disturbing, and highly recurrent disease. Knowing the composition of a urinary stone is important for prevention purposes. Traditional urinary stone analysis methods need large stone fragments for analysis. However, the advancement of ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) has resulted in micro‐stone fragments and unapparently expelled urinary stone powder. In this study, we developed a micro‐Raman spectroscopy (MRS) based diagnosis method for detecting micro‐stones or stone powders in urine after URSL. In our experiment, urine samples of 10 ml each were collected from 12 patients over the fragmented stone site in the ureter after the URSL procedure. The post‐URSL urine sediments extracted from urine were analyzed by MRS. The small urinary stones caught by grasping forceps were analyzed by both MRS and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We have identified common urinary stone compositions: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), calcium phosphate hydroxide (hydroxyl apatite or HAP), and uric acid, by using a 632.8 nm He‐Ne laser for excitation, a 100× microscope objective lens for irradiation and collection, and a short photobleaching time for fluorescent background reduction. Thus, we developed an MRS‐based method for analyzing the composition of urinary stone powders directly from the urine samples after the URSL procedure. This approach provides a quick and convenient method for urinary stone analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manifestation of conical intersections in resonance Raman intensities
Authors: Chowdary Praveen D. , Umapathy Siva 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with the manifestations of conical intersections (CIs), unequivocal spectroscopic signatures of which are still elusive, in the resonance Raman intensities. In particular, the results of our calculations on the ‘two state‐two vibrational mode’ and the ‘two state‐three vibrational mode’ models are presented. The models comprise two excited states of different spatial symmetry, one bright and one dark, which are coupled by a nontotally symmetric mode while the energy gap between them is tuned by one/two totally symmetric modes. Time dependent theory for vibronically coupled states is employed for the calculation and analysis of Raman excitation profiles (REPs). The manifestation of intersections in REPs is studied by extensive model calculations and the results of two specific models are presented. The feasibility of using REPs to probe the role of CIs in polyatomic systems is ascertained by multimode calculations on two polyatomic systems viz., pyrazine and trans‐azobenzene. The study also notes the importance of the pump excitation wavelength dependence in a femtosecond time‐resolved experiment probing the intersection‐induced nonadiabatic dynamics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decalepis hamiltonii roots boost antioxidant status of rat liver and brain
Authors: Srivastava Anup , Shivanandappa Thimmappa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Roots of Decalepis hamiltonii are traditionally consumed as pickles and juice for their health benefits. We have earlier demonstrated the antioxidant property of the root extract and identified the constituent antioxidant molecules.RESULTS: This paper reports the effect of multiple‐dose (7, 15, and 30 days) treatment of Decalepis hamiltonii aqueous root extract (DHA) (50 and 100 mg kg−1 body weight) on the antioxidant profile of rat liver and brain. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) were increased and glutathione content was elevated in both liver and brain, apart from reduction in the basal level of lipid peroxidation. DHA induced stronger antioxidant boost in brain by increasing the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx compared to liver.CONCLUSION: As failure to grapple with oxidative stress is an important factor in the etiology of several diseases, DHA's effects on improvement of antioxidant status could provide a scientific justification for the health‐promoting properties attributed to it. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Gene‐environment interaction in posttraumatic stress disorder: An update
Authors: Koenen Karestan C. , Amstadter Ananda B. , Nugent Nicole R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe authors provide a detailed review of the extant gene–environment interaction (GxE) research in the etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They begin with a discussion of why PTSD is uniquely fitting for the innovative framework of GxE methodology, followed by a review of the heritability and main effect molecular genetics studies of PTSD. Next, they discuss the six GxE investigations to date on PTSD. They end with a discussion of future directions and significance of this research, with an emphasis on the expansion of psychosocial factors that may be fitting environmental variables for inclusion in this new research area. The authors posit that GxE research is vital to elucidating risk and resilience following exposure to a potentially traumatic event.
Parteien zur Wahl
Authors: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen  , Die Linke  , FDP  , SPD  , CDU  
Published: September 2009

Abstract”Angenommen, Ihre Partei stellt nach der Wahl die Regierung oder ist an der Regierung beteiligt ...“ Unter diesem Motto haben CDU, SPD, FDP , Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und Die Linke dreizehn Fragen beantwortet. Gefragt haben die Nachrichten aus der Chemie, das Physik Journal und der Verband Biologie, Biowissenschaften und Biomedizin in Deutschland.
Frankfurt — in letzter Minute
Authors: Arnold Claudia , Altenburg Horst , Steinbeck Christoph , Brock Thomas , König Burkhard , Barbara Pohl Darmstadt , Kaskel Stefan , Krossing Ingo , Bader Hans‐Joachim , Küchenthal Christian , Herrmann Hartmut , Bräuninger Sigmar , Pütter Hermann 
Published: September 2009

AbstractUnter dem Motto ”Mit Chemie sicher leben“ präsentiert sich die Chemie in der nächsten Woche auf dem GDCh‐Wissenschaftsforum in Frankfurt. Einen Eindruck vom Programm mit mehr als 250 Vorträgen, Symposien, Podiumsdiskussionen und etwa 300 Postern geben die GDCh‐Fach‐ und ‐Regionalstrukturen.
Nicht unschuldig: chinoide Liganden
Authors: Schweinfurth David , Weisser Fritz , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLiganden mit chinoider Struktur sind aufgrund ihrer Redoxchemie sehr nützlich für die Koordinationschemie. Sowohl einzelne Komplexe als auch Koordinationspolymere solcher Liganden zeigen außergewöhnliche Eigenschaften — etwa in ihren Elektronenübergängen und bei Phänomenen wie Valenztautomerie sowie Spin‐Crossover.
Aziridine in der stereoselektiven Synthese
Authors: Graening Timm 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDas Potenzial von Aziridinen zur stereoselektiven Synthese von 1,2‐difunktionalisierten Verbindungen und als umgepolte Synthesebausteine ist bei weitem nicht so ausgereift wie das der Epoxide. In jüngster Zeit gab es aber Fortschritte bei asymmetrischen Aza‐Darzens‐Reaktionen, der stereoselektiven Lithiierung des Ringsystems, asymmetrischen Ringöffnungsreaktionen und der Anwendung als Baustein für 1,3‐Diamine und N‐Heterocyclen.
Frictional granular mechanics: A variational approach
Authors: Holtzman R. , Silin D. B. , Patzek T. W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe mechanical properties of a cohesionless granular material are evaluated from grain‐scale simulations. Intergranular interactions, including friction and sliding, are modeled by a set of contact rules based on the theories of Hertz, Mindlin, and Deresiewicz. A computer‐generated, three‐dimensional, irregular pack of spherical grains is loaded by incremental displacement of its boundaries. Deformation is described by a sequence of static equilibrium configurations of the pack. A variational approach is employed to find the equilibrium configurations by minimizing the total work against the intergranular loads. Effective elastic moduli are evaluated from the intergranular forces and the deformation of the pack. Good agreement between the computed and measured moduli, achieved with no adjustment of material parameters, establishes the physical soundness of the proposed model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate social responsibility in the European Union: a new trade barrier?
Authors: Breitbarth Tim , Harris Phil , Aitken Rob 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This paper contributes to the discussion about Corporate social responsibility (CSR), competitiveness and trade policies, and how trade barriers emerge between countries already committed to CSR and those for whom CSR is still gaining ground. The authors describe the development of CSR within Europe and explain its role in shaping trade relationships. Gaining access to the European market, and obtaining the ‘licence to operate’ in light of strengthening commitment to CSR, is an issue for many companies. For countries outside the EU it is important to understand what CSR means in the European context and to recognize its implications for conducting business in the region. Further, through its economic power and resources, the EU sets standards and influences international trade norms. The authors conclude that the EU establishes CSR as a trade barrier for non‐complying companies in the terms of organizational culture, communication, capabilities and compliance.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caricatures, cartoons, spoofs and satires: political brands as butts
Authors: Bal Anjali Suniti , Pitt Leyland , Berthon Pierre , DesAutels Philip 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
A theory of caricature is used to analyse and explain the nature of—and reactions to—a controversial political cartoon depicting Jacob Zuma, the highly publicized president of South Africa, and how the cartoon both played on and affected his political image and brand. Jacob Zuma has crafted his image as a person who has overcome insurmountable injustices to lead his nation. The cartoon directly questioned Zuma's claims of discrimination by the justice system. The cartoonist (Zapiro) was able to use the cartoon to further solidify Zuma's image as an embattled yet contentious and divisive leader. The framework that follows depicts the spoofing of a political brand, in a marketing environment in which parody and spoofing of more conventional products and services are increasingly common.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermogelation of amphiphilic poly(asparagine) derivatives
Authors: Takeuchi Yasushi , Tsujimoto Takashi , Uyama Hiroshi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThermoresponsive sol–gel transition polymers based on biodegradable poly(amino acid) were synthesized by the reaction of poly(succinimide) with dodecylamine and amino alcohols. The introduction of the hydrophobic amine into the thermoresponsive poly(amino acid)s induced the sol–gel transition in phosphate buffer saline. The effects of the side chain structure, molecular weight, concentration of the polymer, and the additives (inorganic salts and urea) in the solution on the thermoresponsive behaviors were systematically investigated. A relationship between the lowest critical solution temperature (LCST) in the dilute solution and the viscosity reduction of the concentrated solution upon heating was observed. The present poly(amino acid)s showing a thermoresponsive sol–gel transition in aqueous solutions possess immense potential as an injectable biodegradable hydrogel system for various biomedical applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health information needs of childhood cancer survivors and their family
Authors: Knijnenburg Sebastiaan L. , Kremer Leontien C. , van den Bos Cor , Braam Katja I. , Jaspers Monique W.M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge about past disease, treatment, and possible late effects has previously been shown to be low in survivors of childhood cancer and their relatives. This study investigated the information needs of childhood cancer survivors and their parents and explored possible determinants for differences in information need and health‐related Internet use.ProcedureChildhood cancer survivors or their parents were contacted to complete a questionnaire about their characteristics, Internet use and requirements/expectations of a website on late effects (N = 160).ResultsOne‐hundred forty‐five questionnaires (90.6%) were returned. Of the 69 respondents (49.3%) who had visited a late effects outpatient clinic prior to the survey, 20 (29.0%) had questions left after the consult. The large majority of the population had home access to Internet and 71 respondents (49.3%) used Internet for medical questions. Only 15 respondents (10.5%) used Internet to look for information on late effects of childhood cancer and only 4 survivors found what they were looking for. Main information items requested were information about recognizing late effects, personalized information on late effects treatment and information on self‐care. Only six respondents (4.2%) stated they would not visit a late effects website if it would be available.ConclusionsThe need for late effects information showed to be of high priority by the majority of respondents, as was their interest in visiting a late effects website. In the development of a late effects website, attention should be given to patient information tailored to the personal situation of the website's users. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:123–127. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of hygrothermal aging on the thermal–mechanical properties of vinylester resin and its pultruded carbon fiber composites
Authors: Yu Yunhua , Li Peng , Sui Gang , Yang Xiaoping , Liu Hongliang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHygrothermal aging was carried out on vinyl ester (VE) resin cast and its pultruded carbon fiber reinforced composite (CF/VE) by immersing them in distilled water at 65 and 95°C. Hygrothermal aging effects on the samples were studied in terms of thermal–mechanical properties, as well as moisture absorption behavior, interfacial adhesion, and transverse mechanical properties. Moisture absorption behaviors of the VE casts and the CF/VE composites were characterized as Fickian behavior. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) tests showed that the tan δ peak temperatures of the VE casts and CF/VE composites decreased with immersion time at 65 and 95°C. Moreover, there existed a splitting in the tan δ peaks at 95°C, which was reversible and could be recovered by dehydration. Three‐point flexural test indicated that flexural strengths of both the VE casts and the composites decreased by hygrothermal aging with a trend related to their moisture absorption behaviors, while flexural modulus of the composites was less affected. The ILSS of the CF/VE composites was also depressed by deterioration in interfacial adhesion, which was proved by the interfacial adhesion parameters, A and α. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Application of microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography for separation and purification of Dehydrocavidine from Corydalis saxicola Bunting
Authors: Deng Jianchao , Xiao Xiaohua , Li Gongke , Ruan Guihua 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Dehydrocavidine is a major component of Corydalis saxicola Bunting with sedative, analgesic, anticonvulsive and antibacterial activities. Conventional methods have disadvantages in extracting, separating and purifying dehydrocavidine from C. saxicola. Hence, an efficient method should be established.Objective – To develop a suitable preparative method in order to isolate dehydrocavidine from a complex C. saxicola extract by preparative HSCCC.Methodology – The methanol extract of C. saxicola was prepared by optimised microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE). The analytical HSCCC was used for the exploration of suitable solvent systems and the preparative HSCCC was used for larger scale separation and purification. Dehydrocavidine was analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and further identified by ESI‐MS and 1H NMR.Results – The optimised MAE experimental conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 60°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 20; extraction time, 15 min; and microwave power, 700 W. In less than 4 h, 42.1 mg of dehydrocavidine (98.9% purity) was obtained from 900 mg crude extract in a one‐step separation, using a two‐phase solvent system composed of chloroform–methanol–0.3 m hydrochloric acid (4 : 0.5 : 2, v/v/v).Conclusion – Microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography is a powerful tool for extraction, separation and purification of dehydrocavidine from C. saxicola. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current practice in psychopharmacology for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Floyd Elizabeth Freeman , McIntosh David E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a complex group of neurodevelopmental conditions that develop in early childhood and involve a range of impairments in core areas of social interaction, communication, and restricted behavior and interests. Associated behavioral problems such as tantrums, aggression, and self‐injury frequently compound the core deficits and can significantly reduce the efficacy of first‐line therapeutic behavioral and educational interventions. Although the etiology remains unclear and curative treatments are not presently available, psychopharmacologic interventions can reduce the severity of some of the symptoms of ASDs. This article reviews the medications most frequently used in the treatment of ASDs, both U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and off‐label, as well as the current evidence base on efficacy of these medications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of carbon source on the secretome of Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Madinger Catherine L. , Sharma Shamik S. , Anton Brian P. , Fields Lauren G. , Cushing Michelle L. , Canovas Julie , Taron Christopher H. , Benner Jack S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA proteomic analysis was performed on spent fermentation medium following bioreactor propagation of a wild‐type industrial strain to identify proteins naturally secreted by Kluyveromyces lactis cells. Here, we report changes detected in the K. lactis secretome as a result of growth in three different carbon sources: glucose, galactose and glycerol. A total of 151 secreted proteins were detected by multi‐dimensional separations and reversed‐phase online nanoESI‐MS/MS analysis. From these, we were able to identify 63 proteins (termed the “base secretome”) that were common to all three fermentation conditions. The majority of base secretome proteins, 79%, possessed general secretory pathway (GSP) sequences and were involved with cell wall structure, glycosylation, carbohydrate metabolism and proteolysis. There was little variation in the functional groupings of base secretome GSP proteins and GSP proteins that were not part of the base secretome. In contrast, the majority of non‐GSP proteins detected were not part of the base secretome and the functions of these proteins varied significantly. Finally, through further identification of non‐GSP proteins in carbon sources not originally tested, we have gained further evidence of a protein export mechanism separate from the GSP in K. lactis.
Diminished expression of dihydropteridine reductase is a potent biomarker for hypertensive vessels
Authors: Lee Chang‐Kwon , Han Jin Soo , Won Kyung‐Jong , Jung Seung‐Hyo , Park Hyo‐Jun , Lee Hwan Myung , Kim Junghwan , Park Young Shik , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Park Pyo‐Jam , Park Tae‐Kyu , Kim Bokyung 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo identify the new targets for hypertension, we analyzed the protein expression profiles of aortic smooth muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of various ages during the development of hypertension, as well as in age‐matched normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats, using a proteomic analysis. The expressions of seven proteins were altered in SHR compared with WKY rats. Of these proteins, NADH dehydrogenase 1α, GSTω1, peroxi‐redoxin I and transgelin were upregulated in SHR compared with WKY rats. On the other hand, the expression of HSP27 and Ran protein decreased in SHR. The diminution of dihydrobiopterin reductase, an enzyme located in the regeneration pathways of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), was also prominent in SHR. The results from a PCR analysis revealed that the expression of BH4 biosynthesis enzymes – GTP cyclohydrolase‐1 and sepiapterin reductase – decreased and increased, respectively, in SHR compared with WKY rats. The level of BH4 was less in aortic strips from SHR than from WKY rats. Moreover, treatment with BH4 inhibited aortic smooth muscle contraction induced by serotonin. These results suggest that the deficiency in BH4 regeneration produced by diminished dihydrobiopterin reductase expression is involved in vascular disorders in hypertensive rats.