bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress and quality of sleep among individuals diagnosed with diabetes
Authors: Perfect Michelle M. , Elkins Gary R. , Lyle‐Lahroud Teresa , Posey Jennie R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that stress and sleep may be related to diabetic disease progression. Cortisol is one physiological indicator of stress that has been well validated in previous research. The primary objectives of the present study were (1) to examine the experiences of stress among patients diagnosed with diabetes and (2) to evaluate the quality of sleep among these participants. Participants (mean age = 34.99 years) were 20 adolescents and adults with Diabetes Mellitus; 13 had Type 1 and 17 were female. Primary measures included actigraphy, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), salivary cortisol and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Participants reported a moderate amount of stress (mean PSS scores = 20.2), slept an average of 6.51 h and exhibited at least one clinical indicator of sleep disturbance. Objectively measured total sleep time was associated with awakening cortisol (r = 0.62, p = 0.004) and PSQI Global scores (r = ‐0.51, p = 0.021). Awakening cortisol and PSS scores were not associated with PSQI Global scores, but were related to specific self‐reported sleep disturbances. Given the interacting physiological pathways of stress and sleep, both of which were evident in this small sample, these variables warrant further study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The utility of Earth system Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs)
Authors: Weber Susanne L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntermediate‐complexity models are models which describe the dynamics of the atmosphere and/or ocean in less detail than conventional General Circulation Models (GCMs). At the same time, they go beyond the approach taken by atmospheric Energy Balance Models (EBMs) or ocean box models by using sophisticated parameterizations of the unresolved flow or by explicitly resolving the equations of geophysical fluid dynamics albeit at coarse spatial resolution. Being computationally fast, intermediate‐complexity models have the capability to treat slow climate variations. Hence, they often include components of the climate system that are associated with long‐term feedbacks like ice sheets, vegetation and biogeochemical cycles. Here again they differ from conventional GCM‐type models that feature only atmosphere and ocean/sea‐ice components. Many different approaches exist in building such a reduced model, resulting in a ‘spectrum of Earth system Models of Intermediate Complexity closing the gap between EBMs and GCMs’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Earth System Models
Three Distinctly Different Kinds of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma should be Recognized: Our Treatment Strategies and Outcomes
Authors: Sugitani Iwao , Toda Kazuhisa , Yamada Keiko , Yamamoto Noriko , Ikenaga Motoko , Fujimoto Yoshihide 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundPapillary microcarcinoma (PMC) of the thyroid generally follows a benign clinical course. However, treatment strategies remain controversial. According to our previous retrospective review of 178 patients with PMC who underwent surgery between 1976 and 1993, the most significant risk factors affecting cancer‐specific survival were clinical symptoms at presentation due to invasion or metastasis. Distant metastasis and cancer‐specific death were never seen postoperatively for 148 cases (83%) of asymptomatic PMC without clinically apparent (≥1 cm) lymph node metastasis or recurrent nerve palsy. Based on these results, we identified three biologically different types of PMC that should be treated differently. Type I comprises incidentally detected PMC without any symptoms, which is harmless and the lowest‐risk cancer. Conservative follow‐up with ultrasonography every 6 or 12 months is feasible. Type II involves the early stage of the usual low‐risk papillary carcinoma. This can be treated by lobectomy when increasing size is noted during conservative follow‐up. Type III comprises clinically symptomatic PMC, representing a high‐risk cancer. Immediate wider resection followed by radioiodine treatment and suppression of thyroid‐stimulating hormone is recommended.MethodsSince 1995, we have been conducting a prospective clinical trial of nonsurgical observation for asymptomatic PMC. As of 2008, 230 of 244 candidates (94%) have decided to accept this policy, whereas 56 patients underwent surgery for symptomatic PMC between 1976 and 2006.ResultsNonsurgical observation for a mean of 5 (range, 1–17) years for 300 lesions of asymptomatic PMC revealed that 22 (7%) had increased in size, 269 (90%) were unchanged, and 9 (3%) had decreased. No patients developed extrathyroidal invasion or distant metastasis. Three patients (1%) who developed apparent lymph node metastasis and nine patients (4%) in whom tumor increased in size eventually received surgery after 1–12 years of follow‐up. No recurrences have been identified postoperatively. Conversely, 10‐year cause‐specific survival for symptomatic PMC was 80%. Multivariate analysis identified extrathyroidal invasion, large lymph node metastasis (≥2 cm), and poorly differentiated component as significantly related to adverse outcomes.ConclusionsNonsurgical observation seems to represent an attractive alternative to surgery for asymptomatic PMC. Almost 95% of asymptomatic PMC patients are type I, and another 5% are type II and can be treated with conservative surgery. A small number of PMCs with bulky lymph node metastasis or extrathyroidal invasion are high‐risk type III and require aggressive treatment.
Stenting of the Superior Mesenteric Vein in Midgut Carcinoid Disease with Large Mesenteric Masses
Authors: Hellman Per , Hessman Ola , Åkerström Göran , Stålberg Peter , Hennings Joakim , Björck Martin , Eriksson L.‐G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundMidgut carcinoid (MGC) tumors generally develop in the small intestine and in >50% of cases also present with lymph node metastases in the mesentery. The majority of these tumors are surgically resectable, but a fraction are inoperable and may cause obstruction of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), often associated with stasis of the intestinal wall and severe symptoms. These symptoms include severe abdominal pain, attacks of diarrhea, and malnutrition.MethodsSeven patients with severe MGC including a large fibrotic inoperable mesenteric mass and severe symptoms were studied. After an obstructed SMV and signs of venous stasis in the small intestine were demonstrated, an expandable stent was inserted after puncturing an intrahepatic portal venous branch. The associated venography, patient symptoms, and radiological signs on computed tomography (CT) scans were evaluated.ResultsFour patients demonstrated resolution of their symptoms. In one patient who had intra‐abdominal lymph leakage/chyloperitoneum, a complete normalization of the circulation followed and the intra‐abdominal lymph leakage stalled. The venographies demonstrated normalization of the venous blood flow through the SMV, and CT scans demonstrated reduction in the thickness of the intestinal wall. In two cases there were no changes in the symptoms, and in one case a slight worsening of the symptoms ensued. In general, reductions of symptoms were associated with the degree of normalization of venous blood flow.ConclusionsWe conclude that in selected patients with MGC stenting of the SMV may improve symptoms.
A Comparison of Three Scores to Screen for Delirium on the Surgical Ward
Authors: Radtke Finn M. , Franck Martin , Schust Sabine , Boehme Lina , Pascher Andreas , Bail Hermann J. , Seeling Matthes , Luetz Alawi , Wernecke Klaus‐D. , Heinz Andreas , Spies Claudia D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative delirium is associated with adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to find a valid and easy‐to‐use tool to screen for postoperative delirium on the surgical ward.MethodsData were collected from 88 patients who underwent elective surgery. Delirium screening was performed daily until the sixth postoperative day using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu‐DESC), and the Delirium Detection Score (DDS), and the DSM‐IV criteria as the gold standard.ResultsSeventeen of 88 patients (19%) developed delirium on at least one of the postoperative days according to the gold standard. The DDS scored positive for 40 (45%) patients, the CAM for 15 (17%), and the Nu‐DESC for 28 (32%) patients. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.71 and 0.87 for the DDS, 0.75 and 1.00 for the CAM, and 0.98 and 0.92 for the Nu‐DESC. The interrater reliability was 0.83 for the Nu‐DESC, 0.77 for the DDS, and 1.00 for the CAM.ConclusionsAll scores showed high specificity but differed in their sensitivity. The Nu‐DESC proved to be the most sensitive test for screening for a postoperative delirium on the surgical ward followed by the CAM and DDS when compared to the gold standard.
Implication of Extracapsular Invasion of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer: Prediction of Nonsentinel Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Fujii Takaaki , Yanagita Yasuhiro , Fujisawa Tomomi , Hirakata Tomoko , Iijima Misa , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundAccurate intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases enables the selection of patients who require axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). However, many patients with positive SLN do not show metastasis to other axillary lymph nodes. In this study, we investigated the factors that may determine the likelihood of additional positive nodes in the axilla when metastasis is found in the SLN.MethodsSLN biopsy was performed on 276 patients with breast cancer with clinically negative nodes, of which 46 (16.6%) had positive SLNs and underwent ALND. Eleven (23.9%) of these 46 cases had additional metastasis in nonsentinel lymph nodes (NSLN). The clinical and pathological features of these cases were reviewed and statistical analysis was performed.ResultsAll cases of positive nodes in NSLN in our series had extracapsular invasion (ECI) at the metastatic SLNs. Furthermore, the absence of ECI of SLN was significantly associated with the absence of metastasis in the NSLN (P < 0.001). As contributing factors, the absence of lymphatic invasion at the primary tumor, primary tumor size (<2 cm) and foci size in the metastatic SLN fell short of reaching statistical significance. Other factors, including histological type, pathological grade, estrogen receptor status, HER2 status, and age, were not significantly associated with metastatic involvement of NSLN.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the presence of ECI at metastatic SLNs is a strong predictor for residual disease in the axilla. These findings imply the possibility that ALND might be foregone in the treatment of patients with breast cancer without ECI at metastatic SLNs.
Understanding the Effect of Social Capital on the Depression of Urban Chinese Adolescents: An Integrative Framework
Authors: Wu Qiaobing , Xie Bin , Chou Chih-Ping , Palmer Paula H. , Gallaher Peggy E. , Anderson Johnson C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUsing data from an ongoing longitudinal study of 5,164 adolescents and their parents from seven cities in mainland China, this study investigated how social capital embedded in the family and the community, together with family human capital and financial capital, influenced the depressive symptoms of urban Chinese adolescents within an integrative framework. The structural equation modeling results suggested that higher community social capital was associated with lower level of adolescent depressive symptoms and was the strongest predictor among all these contextual factors. Family social capital played a significant role in mediating the effects of all other contextual factors on adolescent depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly, higher family financial capital predicted increased depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly through its negative effect on family social capital. As for gender, female adolescents reported more depressive symptoms as a result of less available family social capital. Implications of these findings for theory, practice, policy, and future research are discussed.
Spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis due to an obstructing ureteral calculus diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound
Authors: Stone Michael Benjamin , Secko Michael A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A 37-year-old man presented to the emergency department with left flank pain and vomiting. Bedside ultrasound performed by the treating emergency physician revealed left-sided hydronephrosis and perinephric fluid, suggesting a rupture of the renal pelvis. Urinary sonography revealed an absent left ureteral jet, suggesting left ureteral obstruction. Treatment was initiated and a non-contrast computed tomography scan confirmed the initial ultrasound findings.
José Barzelatto lecture: Vision on unsafe abortion
Authors: Faúndes Anibal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractJosé Barzelatto first distinguished himself as a leader with a vision in his years as a medical student. Later, principally as Director of the Reproductive Health Program at the World Health Organization and of the Ford Foundation program for women's sexual and reproductive rights, he contributed immensely toward the recognition of women's sexual and reproductive rights as part of their basic human rights. José Barzelatto's vision on abortion reflects his drive to promote social justice and respect individual rights, respect diversity, and promote a social consensus for a peaceful society. He believed that the fetus has moral value and did not accept abortion as a method of fertility control, but understood that abortion is a social phenomenon that cannot be changed with legal or moral condemnation. He accepted that condemning women who abort does not prevent abortion, is unfair, and causes great human suffering at a high social cost. José proposed nine points to form the basis for an overlapping consensus on abortion, on which to base a practical consensus that would allow societies to reduce the number of abortions and minimize their consequences. If we can agree on all or most of those points we would achieve the common objectives of: fewer women confronting the dilemma of how to deal with an unwanted pregnancy; fewer induced abortions; and fewer women suffering the consequences of unsafe abortion.
An assessment of greenhouse gas emissions: implications for the Australian cotton industry
Authors: MARASENI T. N. , COCKFIELD G. , MAROULIS J. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYThe majority of cotton produced in Australia is exported. The Australian cotton industry must maintain product quality in order to remain globally competitive. In addition, carbon-conscious consumers need reassurance that the system used to grow the product is environmentally sustainable. The aim of the present study was to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to various farm inputs in three common types of cotton farming systems on the Darling Downs region, southern Queensland. Analysis revealed that GHG emissions for dryland solid-plant and dryland double-skip cotton farming systems are similar, but emissions are much higher for irrigated solid-plant cotton farming (1367, 1274 and 4841 kg CO2e/ha, respectively). However, if comparisons of GHG emissions are based on yield (per tonne), the positions of dryland double-skip farming and dryland solid-plant farming are reversed, but the position of irrigated cotton farming still remains as the highest GHG emitter. If the cotton industry comes under the Australian Government Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) without any subsidies and preconditions, and with a carbon price of A$25/t CO2e, the costs borne by each system would be A$66.8/t for the irrigated cotton industry, A$39.7/t for the dryland solid-plant cotton industry and A$43.6/t for the dryland double-skip cotton industry. This suggests that irrigated cotton would be more profitable in financial terms but with heavy environmental sustainability costs.
Clientele Change, Liquidity Shock, and the Return on Financially Distressed Stocks
Authors: Da Zhi , Gao Pengjie 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe show that the abnormal returns on high default risk stocks documented by Vassalou and Xing (2004) are driven by short-term return reversals rather than systematic default risk. These abnormal returns occur only during the month after portfolio formation and are concentrated in a small subset of stocks that had recently experienced large negative returns. Empirical evidence supports the view that the short-term return reversal arises from a liquidity shock triggered by a clientele change.
Is There Shareholder Expropriation in the United States? An Analysis of Publicly Traded Subsidiaries
Authors: Atanasov Vladimir , Boone Audra , Haushalter David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between the performance and valuations of publicly traded subsidiaries in the United States and the ownership stake of their parent companies. Cross-sectional and time-series tests demonstrate that subsidiaries of parents that own a substantial minority stake exhibit negative peer-adjusted operating performance and are valued at a 23% median discount relative to peers. In contrast, majority-owned and fully divested subsidiaries show no abnormal performance or valuations. The results of our study indicate that the association between parent ownership and subsidiary performance is nonlinear and that some parents behave opportunistically toward their publicly traded subsidiaries.
Can laryngectomees smell? Considerations regarding olfactory rehabilitation following total laryngectomy
Authors: Moor J W , Rafferty A , Sood S 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTotal laryngectomy is performed for patients with advanced malignancy of the larynx and pharynx, and disconnects the nose and mouth from the lower respiratory tract. Rehabilitation of olfactory function in these patients is often neglected, despite recognition that anosmia and hyposmia are common and can readily be addressed. This paper reviews the literature concerning olfactory loss post-laryngectomy, methods of olfactory rehabilitation, assessment of olfactory function and quality of life issues.
Deconstructing major depression: a validation study of the DSM-IV symptomatic criteria
Authors: Lux V. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundThe DSM-IV symptomatic criteria for major depression (MD) derive primarily from clinical experience with modest empirical support.MethodThe sample studied included 1015 (518 males, 497 females) Caucasian twins from a population-based registry who met criteria for MD in the year prior to the interview. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare the associations of: (1) single symptomatic criterion, (2) two groups of criteria reflecting cognitive and neurovegetative symptoms, with a wide range of potential validators including demographic factors, risk for future episodes, risk of MD in the co-twin, characteristics of the depressive episode, the pattern of co-morbidity and personality traits.ResultsThe individual symptomatic criteria showed widely varying associations with the pattern of co-morbidity, personality traits, features of the depressive episode and demographic characteristics. When examined separately, these two criteria groups showed robust differences in their patterns of association, with the validators with the cognitive criteria generally producing stronger associations than the neurovegetative.ConclusionsAmong depressed individuals, individual DSM-IV symptomatic criteria differ substantially in their predictive relationship with a range of clinical validators. These results challenge the equivalence assumption for the symptomatic criteria for MD and suggest a more than expected degree of ‘covert’ heterogeneity among these criteria. Part of this heterogeneity is captured by the distinction between cognitiveversusneurovegetative symptoms, with cognitive symptoms being more strongly associated with most clinically relevant characteristics. Detailed psychometric evaluation of DSM-IV criteria is overdue.
A prospective longitudinal study of the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from childbirth events
Authors: Alcorn K. L. , O'Donovan A. , Patrick J. C. , Creedy D. , Devilly G. J. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundChildbirth has been linked to postpartum impairment. However, controversy exists regarding the onset and prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth, with seminal studies being limited by methodological issues. This longitudinal prospective study examined the prevalence of PTSD following childbirth in a large sample while controlling for pre-existing PTSD and affective symptomatology.MethodPregnant women in their third trimester were recruited over a 12-month period and interviewed to identify PTSD and anxiety and depressive symptoms during the last trimester of pregnancy, 4–6 weeks postpartum, 12 weeks postpartum and 24 weeks postpartum.ResultsOf the 1067 women approached, 933 were recruited into the study. In total, 866 (93%) were retained to 4–6 weeks, 826 (89%) were retained to 12 weeks and 776 (83%) were retained to 24 weeks. Results indicated that, uncontrolled, 3.6% of women met PTSD criteria at 4–6 weeks postpartum, 6.3% at 12 weeks postpartum and 5.8% at 24 weeks postpartum. When controlling for PTSD and partial PTSD due to previous traumatic events as well as clinically significant anxiety and depression during pregnancy, PTSD rates were less at 1.2% at 4–6 weeks, 3.1% at 12 weeks and 3.1% at 24 weeks postpartum.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate the occurrence of full criteria PTSD resulting from childbirth after controlling for pre-existing PTSD and partial PTSD and clinically significant depression and anxiety in pregnancy. The findings indicate that PTSD can result from a traumatic birth experience, though this is not the normative response.
A computerised tailored intervention for increasing intakes of fruit, vegetables, brown bread and wholegrain cereals in adolescent girls
Authors: Rees Gail , Bakhshi Savita , Surujlal-Harry Alecia , Stasinopoulos Mikis , Baker Anna 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a computer-generated tailored intervention leaflet compared with a generic leaflet aimed at increasing brown bread, wholegrain cereal, fruit and vegetable intakes in adolescent girls.DesignClustered randomised controlled trial. Dietary intake was assessed via three 24 h dietary recalls.SettingEight secondary schools in areas of low income and/or high ethnic diversity, five in London and three in the West Midlands, UK.SubjectsGirls aged 12–16 years participated (n 823) and were randomised by school class to receive either the tailored intervention (n 406) or a generic leaflet (n 417).ResultsAt follow-up 637 (77 %) participants completed both baseline and follow-up dietary recalls. The tailored intervention leaflet had a statistically significant effect on brown bread intake (increasing from 0·39 to 0·51 servings/d) with a smaller but significant increase in the control group also (increasing from 0·28 to 0·35 servings/d). The intervention group achieved 0·05 more servings of brown bread daily than the control group (P < 0·05), which is equivalent to 0·35 servings/week. For the other foods there were no significant effects of the tailored intervention.ConclusionsThe intervention group consumed approximately 0·35 more servings of brown bread weekly than the control group from baseline. Although this change between groups was statistically significant the magnitude was small. Evaluation of the intervention was disappointing but the tailored leaflet was received more positively in some respects than the control leaflet. More needs to be done to increase motivation to change dietary intake in adolescent girls.