bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation of the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS) into Danish and a preliminary psychometric validation
Authors: Buus Niels , Gonge Henrik 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTA central challenge for empirical research of clinical supervision is how to measure the effectiveness of clinical supervision. The Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS) measures supervisees' perception of the effectiveness of clinical supervision. The aims of this paper were to account for the translation of the MCSS from English into Danish and to present a preliminary psychometric validation of the Danish version of the scale. Methods included a formal translation/back‐translation procedure and statistical analyses. The sample consisted of MCSS scores from 139 Danish mental health nursing staff members. The total MCSS score had good internal consistency, but the analyses identified a number of reliability and consistency issues. The results were compared with other translations of the MCSS and with the reduced version of the MCSS, the MCSS‐26. The discussion indicated that MCSS theoretically refers to a broad conception of supervision, which includes supervision practices ranging from highly formalized events to more frequent ad hoc sessions. The MCSS's intention to measure perceptions of supervisees from this variety of practices may be problematic, and it is suggested that a further reduction of the type of practices MCSS currently aims at measuring could be beneficial.
Delirium and transition to a nursing home of hospitalized older adults: A controlled trial of assessing the interdisciplinary team‐based “geriatric” care and care coordination by non‐geriatrics specialist physicians
Authors: Yoo Ji Won , Nakagawa Shunichi , Kim Sulgi 
Published: July 2012

Aim:  To examine whether a team‐based inpatient “geriatric” care model provided by non‐geriatrics specialist physicians was associated with changes in the occurrence of delirium and transition to a nursing home.Methods:  We carried out an intervention (interdisciplinary; ITD group) control (usual care group) study comparing the outcomes of hospitalized older adults cared for by non‐geriatrics specialist physicians. Compared with the usual care group, the ITD intervention group provided additional value: geriatric care and care coordination by leading daily ITD team meetings.Results:  After adjusting for patient demographics and clinical characteristics, the probability of transition to a nursing home in the ITD intervention group was significantly lower (odds ratio 0.52; 95% confidence intervals, 0.16–0.94; P = 0.008) than that in the usual care group. However, there was no significant difference in the predicted probabilities of delirium between the ITD intervention and usual care groups.Conclusion:  As compared with the usual care group, a significantly lower probability of transition to a nursing home was observed in the ITD intervention group, but the probabilities of delirium between the ITD intervention and usual care groups did not differ significantly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 342–350.
Estimation of functional recovery in patients after hip fracture by Berg Balance Scale regarding the sex, age and comorbidity of participants
Authors: Radosavljevic Natasa , Nikolic Dejan , Lazovic Milica , Petronic Ivana , Milicevic Vera , Radosavljevic Zoran , Potic Jelena , Ilic‐Stojanovic Olivera , Jeremic Aleksandar 
Published: July 2012

Aim:  To evaluate the functional status measured by Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in elderly aged more than 65 years after hip fractures, and to evaluate the influence of sex, age and comorbidity on balance function improvement.Methods:  The study included 203 patients with hip fractures. Functional status was evaluated by BBS: at admission (Group 1), at discharge (Group 2) and 3 months after discharge (Group 3). We analyzed three age groups: Group65–74, Group75–84 and Group85‐up; female and male sex separately; and for severity index value (SI; total cumulative illness rating scale for geriatrics score divided by number of endorsed categories): group between 0–1.99 (SI1) and group ≥2 (SI2).Results:  BBS values significantly declined in all male groups and female Group 2 and Group 3 in SI2 (P < 0.01). Group65–74 and Group85‐up had a significant BBS values decline in Group 2 and Group 3, whereas Group75–84 had a significant decline in all groups in the SI2 group (P < 0.01). Females and males had a significant BBS values increase in the SI1 groups (P < 0.01), and non‐significant BBS values increase between Group 2/Group 3 for SI2. Group85‐up had a significant BBS values increase in SI1 (Group 1/Group 2 and Group 1/Group 3; P < 0.01); a non‐significant increase between Group 1/Group 2 and Group 1/Group 3, and a non‐significant decline between Group 2/Group 3 in SI2.Conclusions:  Male sex, increased comorbidity and age more than 85 years could be considered with lower functional recovery capacity potential after hip fracture, and thus should be individually assessed and continuously monitored. Functional status estimation by BBS could be taken as a sensitive predictive value for the evaluation of functional improvement in these patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 365–371.
Altered spatial learning, cortical plasticity and hippocampal anatomy in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia‐related endophenotypes
Authors: Brown P. Leon , Shepard Paul D. , Elmer Greg I. , Stockman Sara , McFarland Rebecca , Mayo Cheryl L. , Cadet Jean Lud , Krasnova Irina N. , Greenwald Martin , Schoonover Carrie , Vogel Michael W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAdult rats exposed to the DNA‐methylating agent methylazoxymethanol on embryonic day 17 show a pattern of neurobiological deficits that model some of the neuropathological and behavioral changes observed in schizophrenia. Although it is generally assumed that these changes reflect targeted disruption of embryonic neurogenesis, it is unknown whether these effects generalise to other antimitotic agents administered at different stages of development. In the present study, neurochemical, behavioral and electrophysiological techniques were used to determine whether exposure to the antimitotic agent Ara‐C later in development recapitulates some of the changes observed in methylazoxymethanol (MAM)‐treated animals and in patients with schizophrenia. Male rats exposed to Ara‐C (30 mg/kg/day) at embryonic days 19.5 and 20.5 show reduced cell numbers and heterotopias in hippocampal CA1 and CA2/3 regions, respectively, as well as cell loss in the superficial layers of the pre‐ and infralimbic cortex. Birth date labeling with bromodeoxyuridine reveals that the cytoarchitectural changes in CA2/3 are a consequence rather that a direct result of disrupted cortical neurogenesis. Ara‐C‐treated rats possess elevated levels of cortical dopamine and DOPAC (3,4‐didyhydroxypheylacetic acid) but no change in norepinephrine or serotonin. Ara‐C‐treated rats are impaired in their ability to learn the Morris water maze task and showed diminished synaptic plasticity in the hippocampocortical pathway. These data indicate that disruption of neurogenesis at embryonic days 19.5 and 20.5 constitutes a useful model for the comparative study of deficits observed in other gestational models and their relationship to cognitive changes observed in schizophrenia.
Reconstruction of the perineum following extralevator abdominoperineal excision for carcinoma of the lower rectum: a systematic review
Authors: Foster J. D. , Pathak S. , Smart N. J. , Branagan G. , Longman R. J. , Thomas M. G. , Francis N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim  An improvement in oncological outcome has been reported following an extralevator approach to abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) for low rectal carcinoma. A larger perineal defect following ELAPE and the impact of neoadjuvant radiotherapy are sources of considerable morbidity for patients. We report an evidence‐based systematic review of published data on the outcome of perineal reconstruction following ELAPE for low rectal carcinoma, comparing the use of tissue flap and biological mesh techniques.Method  A literature search was performed of electronic databases including the Medline, Embase and Scopus databases (1995–2011). Studies describing outcomes relating to the perineum following ELAPE were included for review.Results  Eleven small cohort studies reported the outcome relating to the perineum following ELAPE. Pooled‐analysis of 255 combined patients undergoing flap repair and 85 undergoing biological mesh repair showed no significant difference in the rates of perineal wound complications or perineal hernia formation.Conclusion  There is little information on the optimal technique of perineal wound closure following ELAPE. With the limited data available, there was no significant difference in complication rates between biological mesh and flap repair. There is a need for high‐quality prospective trials to compare methods of reconstruction to determine the long‐term results, quality of life and function.
STATIC COMMON AGENCY AND POLITICAL INFLUENCE: AN EVALUATIVE SURVEY
Authors: Mallard Graham 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe common agency model is among the most productive economic frameworks of recent times, generating important results in the analysis of political influence, industrial organization and public goods provision. This paper presents a survey of the applications of the common agency model to issues of political influence, examining the applications and their results. It also discusses a number of the weaknesses of this literature, weaknesses that open up important avenues of further research in the directions of interest group formation, the nature of lobbying, the political system, behavioural demands and empirical analysis.
The Democratic Factor in the Education‐Growth Relationship
Authors: Armellini Mauricio 
Published: July 2012

SummaryWhile the incidence of education on the determination of personal income has been well documented by scholars, the same is not true when it comes to the effects of education on economic growth, where different data sets and models have yielded contradictory results. This paper shows that a democratic environment is favourable to the impact of education on economic growth, even if democracy itself may not have a direct effect. This can be at least part of the explanation for why education alone, when observed in a cross section of countries, has shown mixed effects on growth.
Trust and Ethnic Fractionalization: The Importance of Religion as a Cross‐Cutting Dimension
Authors: Finseraas Henning , Jakobsson Niklas 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe existing literature on diversity and trust has focused on a unidimensional understanding of diversity. We argue that a unidimensional approach is theoretically and empirically problematic and use a recently developed multidimensional measure of social structure to investigate which aspects of diversity are associated with generalized trust. We run cross‐country regressions with up to 115 countries to explore the importance of fractionalization for average trust levels 1981–2008. Using several different measures of ethnic fractionalization, we do not find a general and robust relationship between ethnic fractionalization and trust. In line with expectations, however, we find a negative and significant association between ethnic fractionalization and trust for low levels of ethno‐religious cross‐cuttingness and cross‐fractionalization, illustrating the importance of multidimensionality.
Living Organ Procurement from the Mentally Incompetent: The Need for More Appropriate Guidelines
Authors: Van Assche Kristof , Genicot Gilles , Sterckx Sigrid 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWith the case of Belgium as a negative example, this paper will evaluate the legitimacy of using mentally incompetents as organ sources. The first section examines the underlying moral dilemma that results from the necessity of balancing the principle of respect for persons with the obligation to help people in desperate need. We argue for the rejection of a radical utilitarian approach but also question the appropriateness of a categorical prohibition. Section two aims to strike a fair balance between the competing interests at stake and to define the conditions under which organ harvest from mentally incompetents might be morally acceptable. To this end, we morally assess the main requirements that have been put forward to allow organ removal from incompetent donors. We conclude that the current Belgian legislation is far too permissive and that national regulations that do not permit the harvest of non‐regenerable organs from mentally incompetents in exceptional circumstances are too restrictive. On the basis of this discussion, we propose a number of guiding principles for decision‐making in this area.
Are Bans on Kidney Sales Unjustifiably Paternalistic?
Authors: Malmqvist Erik 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper challenges the view that bans on kidney sales are unjustifiably paternalistic, that is, that they unduly deny people the freedom to make decisions about their own bodies in order to protect them from harm. I argue that not even principled anti‐paternalists need to reject such bans. This is because their rationale is not hard paternalism, which anti‐paternalists repudiate, but soft paternalism, which they in principle accept. More precisely, I suggest that their rationale is what Franklin Miller and Alan Wertheimer call ‘group soft paternalism’. Group soft paternalistic policies restrict the freedom of autonomous individuals, not for their own good (hard paternalism), but as an unavoidable consequence of seeking to protect other, non‐autonomous individuals from harms that they have not voluntarily chosen (soft paternalism). Group soft paternalism supports prohibiting kidney sales on three conditions: (1) that such sales are potentially harmful to vendors, (2) that many vendors would suffer impaired autonomy, and (3) that distinguishing between autonomous and non‐autonomous vendors and interfering only with the latter is unfeasible. I provide reasons for thinking that these conditions will often hold.
TRANSATLANTIC CAPITAL MARKET PRICE DISCOVERY DURING A FINANCIAL CRISIS
Authors: Hoag Christopher , Norman Stephen 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious results show relatively small amounts of time variation in the Hasbrouck (1995) information share across international markets. Using data from a security that was cross‐listed on the New York and London Stock Exchanges in the 1860s, we find that the information share changes dramatically during a financial crisis that began in the foreign market.
Time Horizons and Smoothing in the Bank of England's Reaction Function: The Contrast Between the Standard GMM andEx AnteForecast Approaches*
Authors: Cobham David , Kang Yue 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe monetary policy reaction function of the Bank of England is estimated by the standard GMM approach and theex anteforecast method developed byGoodhart (2005), with particular attention to the horizons for inflation and output at which each approach gives the best fit. The horizons for theex anteapproach are much closer to what is implied by the Bank's view of the transmission mechanism, while the GMM approach produces an implausibly slow adjustment of the interest rate, and suffers from a weak instruments problem. These findings suggest a strong preference for theex anteapproach.
Neurokinin receptor 3 peptide exacerbates 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced dopaminergic degeneration in rats through JNK pathway
Authors: Chu John Man Tak , Chan Ying Shing , Chen Liang Wei , Yung Ken Kin Lam 
Published: July 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 123, 417–427.AbstractNeurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor is predominantly expressed in striatum and substantia nigra (SN). Evidences have indicated the roles of NK3 receptor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. By administrating NK3 receptor agonist senktide into 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐lesioned rats, exacerbation of dopaminergic degeneration was found in striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta. From apomorphine rotation test, significant increase of contralateral rotation number was detected in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats with senktide injection. Furthermore, tyrosine hydroxylase expression in striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Further reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivities was found in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats that received senktide treatment. Also, phosphorylation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor 1 subunit was investigated in SN region and significant up‐regulation was revealed in senktide‐treated 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats. Finally, phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and c‐Jun were examined in nigral region. Up‐regulation of phosphorylated JNK molecules was shown in SN region after senktide injection. In line with this evidence, phosphorylation of c‐Jun at Ser 63 and Ser 73 was also up‐regulated by senktide treatment, thus presenting new aspects that NK3 peptide could exacerbate 6‐OHDA toxicity in in vivo models and the possible mechanism may be contributed by the modulation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor 1 subunit and JNK pathway activities.
Beta‐glucosidase 2 knockout mice with increased glucosylceramide show impaired liver regeneration
Authors: Gonzalez‐Carmona Maria A. , Sandhoff Roger , Tacke Frank , Vogt Annabelle , Weber Susanne , Canbay Ali E. , Rogler Gerhard , Sauerbruch Tilman , Lammert Frank , Yildiz Yildiz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground and aimsGlycolipids have been shown to serve specialized functions in cell signalling, proliferation and differentiation processes, which are all important during liver regeneration. We previously generated beta‐glucosidase 2 (GBA2) knockout mice that accumulate the glycolipid glucosylceramide in various tissues, including the liver. The present study addressed the role of GBA2‐deficiency and subsequent glucosylceramide accumulation in liver regeneration.MethodsGba2 knockout and wild‐type mice were subjected to two‐third partial hepatectomy. Mice were sacrificed at different time points, blood was collected, and the remnant liver was removed. Glucosylceramide and ceramide were quantified using mass spectrometry from whole liver and isolated hepatocytes. Serum and hepatocytic supernatant of IL‐6, TNF‐α and TGF‐β levels were measured using ELISA. Cell signalling proteins were analysed using immunoblots.ResultsRegenerating liver after partial hepatectomy showed a significant increase of hepatic glucosylceramide in GBA2‐deficient mice compared to controls. Accumulation of glucosylceramide was associated with a delay in liver regeneration and reduced serum levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α. Furthermore, reduced IL‐6 led to decreased expression of the phosphorylated form of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (P‐STAT3).ConclusionsWe conclude that increased glucosylceramide affects cytokine‐ and growth factor‐mediated signalling pathways during liver regeneration. Thus, the repression of IL‐6/STAT3 signalling pathway seems to be one of the mechanisms for the delay of liver regeneration in GBA2‐deficient mice.
Worker aggression of ant Lasius japonicus enhanced by termite soldier–specific secretion as an alarm pheromone of Reticulitermes speratus
Authors: TRONG NGUYEN Tuan , AKINO Toshiharu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus usually nests in rotten wood trunks, which may also be occupied by the Japanese garden ant Lasius japonicus. Few battles were observed between them under ordinary circumstances because they inhabit separate nesting sites. However, once the termite nesting sites were artificially broken, the ant workers invaded and hunted the termites, although the termite soldiers fought against the ants. This study aims to confirm intra‐ and inter‐specific chemical interactions between the termite and ant. Solid phase microextraction–gas chromatograph (SPME‐GC) analyses revealed that R. speratus soldiers secreted caste‐specific sesquiterpene hydrocarbon when they were irritated. Both the hexane extract of the soldiers and its hydrocarbon fraction, as well as the crushed soldier bodies, attracted the soldiers but dispersed the workers when presented on the trails. We also confirmed that the soldier chemicals enhanced aggressiveness of L. japonicus, which rushed around the odor sources and hunted any termites that were present. These findings suggest that: (i) the soldier–specific secretion might serve as an alarm pheromone in termite chemical communication, in which components recruit soldiers and also warn the other colony members away; and (ii) termite communication is eavesdropped on by L. japonicus workers to locate and hunt the termites.
Management of Non‐Native Annual Plants to Support Recovery of an Endangered Perennial Forb, Ambrosia pumila
Authors: Hasselquist Eliza Maher , Hasselquist Niles J. , Rogers Deborah L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInvasive non‐native plants pose a ubiquitous threat to native plant communities and have been blamed for the decline of many endangered species. Endangered species legislation provides legal instruments for protection, but identifying a general method for protecting endangered species by managing non‐natives is confounded by multiple factors. We compared non‐native management methods aimed at increasing populations of an endangered forb, Ambrosia pumila, and associated native plants. We compared the effects of a grass‐specific herbicide (Fusilade II), hand‐pulling, and mowing in two degraded coastal sage scrub sites in southern California, U.S.A. At both sites, hand‐pulling had the greatest effect on non‐native cover, and correspondingly resulted in the greatest increase in A. pumila stems. Fusilade II application also led to an increase in A. pumila, but was not as effective in controlling non‐native plants as hand‐pulling and its effect varied with the dominant non‐native species. Mowing was not effective at promoting A. pumila, and its effect on non‐native cover seemed to be related to rainfall patterns. Although some methods increased A. pumila, none of our treatments simultaneously increased cover of other native plants. Hand‐pulling, the most effective treatment, is labor intensive and thus only feasible at small spatial scales. At larger scales, managers should take an experimental approach to identifying the most appropriate method because this can vary depending on the specific management objective (endangered species or whole native community), the dominant non‐natives, yearly variation in weather, and the timing of treatment application.
Simple Method of Record Base Fabrication for a Bar‐Retained Implant Overdenture
Authors: Oh Won‐suk , Park Ju‐mi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA record base should be stable and accurately transferable from the cast to the mouth. This article describes a simple and practical method of fabricating a record base for mounting a master cast used to fabricate an implant connecting bar for an implant‐retained overdenture.