bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invitro Screening of Antifungal Activity of Rhizospheric Bacteria and Possible Role of Chitinase in Antifungal Activity
Authors: Devkota Hari K , Maharjan Bijaya L , Baral Bikash , Singh Anjana , Yami Kayo D 
Published: July 2012

The use of biocontrol agents is becoming an increasingly important alternative to chemical crop protection against weeds, insects and plant diseases in the field of agriculture. The success of biocontrol and yield increase depends on the nature of antagonistic properties and mechanisms of action of the biocontrol agent against the phytopathogens. In this study, 103 macroscopically different bacterial isolates (62 from Kirtipur and 41 from Khumaltar) from 21 different rhizosphere soil samples (11 from Kirtipur and 10 from Khumaltar) were screened for antagonism against five fungal phytopathogens, viz, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Exserohilum turcicum and Phytophthora infestans by dual culture technique on Potato dextrose agar. Out of 18 different active isolates two of them showed the chitinolytic potential and the most active fungal antagonist was identified as Bacillus subtilis on the basis of colonial, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics based on Bergey’s Manual of systemic bacteriology. The isolate produced maximum chitinase in colloidal chitin broth at pH7 and temperature 37oC after four days of inoculation. The corresponding culture filtrate supposed to contain chitinase showed maximum % inhibition of 53.29% with Fusarium oxysporum and no inhibition to Phytophthora infestans in agar well diffusion assay. Furthermore, chitinase was best fractionated at 40% ammonium sulphate salt fractionation which has almost similar inhibition potential as the crude culture filtrate. The 40% salt fraction of the enzyme showed the maximum chitinolytic potential at pH8 and temperature 40oC. Among the phytopathogens tested, sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis to fungi containing chitin on their cell wall demonstrates the possible role of chitinase in the antifungal activity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6517 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 304-311
Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on Surface Pattern of the Pollen Loads from Apis cerana in Jajarkot District
Authors: Paudayal Khum N , Gautam Ishan 
Published: July 2012

Over nineteen species of pollen flora belonging to thirteen families were recovered from four pollen load samples from honey bee Apis cerana collected in Jajarkot district, mid-western region, Nepal. The pollen morphology was investigated using light microscopy along with scanning electron microscopy for correct identification of pollen to its lower taxonomic level and to contribute to melissopalynological studies originating from the native apiflora. The palynological assemblage identified to the generic and some up to species level belong to Alnus sp., Artemisia sp., Brassica sp., Cornus sp., Diploknema sp., Fraxinus sp., Ilex sp., Jasminum sp., Justicia sp., Ligustrum sp., Myrica esculenta, Salix sp., Strobilanthes sp., and Urtica sp. Some of the pollen grains identified to only family level, belong to, Acanthanceae, Compositae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae. The identified pollens clearly reflect the botanical and geographical origins of the pollen load samples. Palynomorphological investigation included the description of pollen symmetry, polarity, ornamentation, aperture, shape and size. The results for the pollen assemblages and nectariferous plant sources of Jajarkot district are discussed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6522 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 340-349
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Yaks of Lehe VDC, Manaslu Conservation Area
Authors: Byanju Reena , Shrestha SP , Khanal DR 
Published: July 2012

Qualitative analysis of 44 fecal samples of yaks from Lehe VDC of Manaslu Conservation Area showed the positive result in 36 samples (81.82%). Strongyle showed the highest infection (47.23%) while the least was with Amphistomum (8.34%). Infection with Trichuris, Ascaris, Eimeria and Coccyx were also reported in the present study. The pattern of infection was both mixed (52.78%) and single (47.23%).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6525 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 366-369
Increased population density of neurosurgeons associated with decreased risk of death from motor vehicle accidents in the United States
Authors: Desai Atman , Bekelis Kimon , Zhao Wenyan , Ball Perry A. 
Published: July 2012

Object
Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are a leading cause of death and disability in young people. Given that a major cause of death from MVAs is traumatic brain injury, and neurosurgeons hold special expertise in this area relative to other members of a trauma team, the authors hypothesized that neurosurgeon population density would be related to reduced mortality from MVAs across US counties.

Methods
The Area Resource File (2009–2010), a national health resource information database, was retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome variable was the 3-year (2004–2006) average in MVA deaths per million population for each county. The primary independent variable was the density of neurosurgeons per million population in the year 2006. Multiple regression analysis was performed, adjusting for population density of general practitioners, urbanicity of the county, and socioeconomic status of the county.

Results
The median number of annual MVA deaths per million population, in the 3141 counties analyzed, was 226 (interquartile range [IQR] 151–323). The median number of neurosurgeons per million population was 0 (IQR 0–0), while the median number of general practitioners per million population was 274 (IQR 175–410). Using an unadjusted analysis, each increase of 1 neurosurgeon per million population was associated with 1.90 fewer MVA deaths per million population (p < 0.001). On multivariate adjusted analysis, each increase of 1 neurosurgeon per million population was associated with 1.01 fewer MVA deaths per million population (p < 0.001), with a respective decrease in MVA deaths of 0.03 per million population for an increase in 1 general practitioner (p = 0.007). Rural location, persistent poverty, and low educational level were all associated with significant increases in the rate of MVA deaths.

Conclusions
A higher population density of neurosurgeons is associated with a significant reduction in deaths from MVAs, a major cause of death nationally. This suggests that the availability of local neurosurgeons is an important factor in the overall likelihood of survival from an MVA, and therefore indicates the importance of promoting neurosurgical education and practice throughout the country.
Farmers attitude towards the use of USG in rice cultivation in three selected villages of Netrakona district
Authors: Basak NC , Pandit JC 
Published: July 2012

The study was conducted to determine the attitude of farmers towards the use of urea super granule (USG) in rice cultivation and explore relationship between the selected characteristics of the farmers. Data were collected through personal interview from 84 randomly selected USG users in rice cultivation of the three villages under Sadar Upazila of Netrakona district during October to December 2008. A five point Likert scale was used to determine the attitude of farmers. The majority (73.81%) of the farmers had moderately favourable, 21.43% slightly favourable and 4.76% highly favourable attitude towards use of USG in rice cultivation. Level of education, farm size, annual income, farming information, agricultural training exposure and rice farming knowledge of the farmers had significant positive relationship but family subsistence pressure had significant negative relationship with their attitude towards the use of USG. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.10983 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 179185, 2011
Determining optimum rate of boron application for higher yield of wheat in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain soil
Authors: Debnath MR , Jahiruddin M , Rahman MM , Haque MA 
Published: July 2012

The effect of different rates of boron application on wheat cv. Bijoy was studied through a field experiment at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) farm, Mymensingh during 2009-10 rabi season. The BAU farm belongs to Old Brahmaputra Floodplain agroecological zone (AEZ 9). Texturally the soil was silt loam, with 7.2 pH, 0.81% organic matter and 0.15 mg kg-1 available boron content. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five boron rates and four replications. Boron rates were 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3.0 kg ha-1, with boric acid as a source. Every plot received blanket doses of 115 kg N, 25 kg P, 75 kg K and 15 kg S ha-1 from urea, TSP, MoP and gypsum, respectively. Treatment receiving B @ 2.25 kg ha-1 produced the highest grain yield (4.22 t ha-1) which was statistically identical with that obtained with 1.75 kg B ha-1. However, the crop response curve showed 1.90 kg ha-1 to be the optimum boron rate for the maximization of wheat yield. The lowest grain yield (2.84 t/ha) was recorded with control treatment. There was a positive relationship between grain yield and number of grains spike-1. Boron had significant influence on N, P, K, S and B uptake by the crop which, in deed, was more influenced by crop yield and less by nutrient concentration, except N and B uptake where concentration had more influence than yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.10987 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 205210, 2011
Genetic relationship and similarity of some selected chicken strains
Authors: Monira KN , Islam MN , Khatun R , Ahmed S 
Published: July 2012

Random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to detect genetic similarity between seven local chicken strains selected for eggs and meat production in Bangladesh. Conservation and improvement strategies ought to be based on proper genetic characterization in association with phenotypic characterization. White Leghorn, White Rock, Rhode Island Red, and Barred Plymouth Rock fall under recognized strain and Hilly, Deshi and Necked Neck fall under native bird group. Based on four oligonucleotide primers, the genetic similarity between the eggproducing strains (White Leghorn; White Rock; Rhode Island Red and Barred Plymouth Rock) was between 81.3 to 89.3 %. While the genetic similarity of three native chicken strains selected for meat production (Hilly, Deshi and Necked Neck) was 69.0 to 78.7 % similar based on the RAPD Marker. So, RAPD markers appeared to be effective in detecting similarity between chicken strains and they provide a potential tool for studying the inter-strain genetic similarity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.10989 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 217220, 2011
Epidemiology of intestinal schistosomiasis in ruminants of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MN , Begum N , Alam MZ , Mamun MAA 
Published: July 2012

We assessed the prevalence and seasonal variations of intestinal schistosomiasis in association with age, sex, breed and rearing system of cattle and goats in different districts of Bangladesh. Fecal samples from 240 cattle and 146 goats were examined. Schistosoma eggs were found in 47.5% cattle and 43.84% goats. Two species of schistosomes were identified. No mixed infection was recorded. Prevalence of Schistosoma indicum was higher in cattle (42.5%) than in goats (34.25%) whereas goats (9.59%) were more susceptible to Schistosoma spindale infection than cattle (5.0%). Age, sex, breed, rearing system and topography of the country had significant (P<0.01, P<0.05) effect on the prevalence of schistosomiasis among cattle, whether only seasons of the year had significant (P<0.01) effect on schistosome prevalence among goats of Bangladesh. Higher infection rate was found in rainy season, in older age group, in males, in local breeds (cattle) and animals reared under semi intensive system. Prevalence was highest in the Rangpur district and lowest in the Dhaka district. The prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was very high among cattle and goats in the study area irrespective of age, sex, breed, seasons and rearing system of cattle and goats. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.10990 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 221228, 2011
Epidemiological investigation of Paramphistomiasis in cattle at selected areas of Sirajgonj district of Bangladesh
Authors: Paul AK , Talukder M , Begum K , Rahman MA 
Published: July 2012

To investigate the Epidemiology of Paramphistomum infection in cattle, faecal samples from 360 cattle were collected from individual areas of the Sirajgonj district from March 2009 to April 2010. One hundred and ninety one animals (53.1%) were infected with single or multiple species of Paramphistomum. Age of animals significantly (P<0.05) influenced the prevalence of Paramphistomiasis. Older animals suffered (60.3%) more than growing (44.4%) and young (54.0%) ones. Older animals were 1.94 times more susceptible than growing animals. Furthermore, females were more (59.5%; 1.79 times) susceptible to Paramphistamum spp. than males (45%). Breed has also significant (p<0.05) effect. The prevalence of Paramphistomiasis was higher (p<0.05) in crossbred (61.8%) animals than that of local (49.2%) cattle. The crossbreed cattle were 1.7 times more susceptible than indigenous cattle. The prevalence of Paramphistomiasis in cattle varied (p<0.05) depending on the season of the year; being highest in the rainy season (60.8%) followed by the summer (50%) and lowest during the winter (48.3%). A high percentage of paramphistomiasis was recorded in the cattle studied during the winter irrespective of age and genetics of animals and seasons of the year. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.10992 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 229232, 2011
Impact of introducing low lift pump on improving income of farm households in some areas of Bhola district in Bangladesh
Authors: Majumder MK , Rahman MS 
Published: July 2012

This study focuses the impact of low lift pump (LLP) on farm income and cropping patterns followed by the selected farmers in Bhola district. A random sampling technique was used for the study. Primary data were collected from 60 LLP users from January to March, 2010 through two set of pre-tested questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and profit function were used in the study. Most of the farmers are well experience in farming. The average age of the household head is 47 for owner, 45 for tenant, 44 for owner cum tenant and 41 for LLP owners. The average educational level is 6 for owner, 4 for cash tenant, 5 for owner cum tenant and 5 for LLP Owners. Household size is the largest for cash tenant which is 5.36. Mug  Fallow - B.Aman was the main cropping patterns before using LLP and it was 39.22%. On the other hand, Boro  Fallow -T.Aman was the main cropping pattern after introducing LLP and it was 53.22% in the study area. The income increased in all categories of farmers due to the introduction of LLP. Cash tenant earned more and owner cultivators earned less among the farmers categories. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11035 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 233240, 2011
Anthropometric study on children of Garo and non-Garo families in Netrakona district of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman SMB , Uddin MB , Hussain I 
Published: July 2012

Anthropometric indicators such as weight-for-height (wasting), height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight) are important in evaluating the health and nutrition status of children in low-income areas of Bangladesh where malnutrition is still a large public health problem. Present investigation was carried out to assess the anthropometric status of tribal (Garo) and non tribal women of different villages of four Unions of Kalmakanada upazila under Netrakona district. Data were collected through well structured questionnaire. Total one hundred seventy families, ninety from tribal (Garo) and one hundred eighty from non-tribal constituted the sample of the study. The results show that malnutrition problem in this area is common due to poverty and children have low weight, under height, wasting and malnourished. The hierarchical interrelationships of potential determinants of malnutrition, wasting and underweight turned out to be independently predicted by morbidity factors. Stunting, however, was predicted by socioeconomic, environmental and health-care factors in addition to morbidity. Strategies aimed at improving the growth of infants and young children in rural communities should address morbidity due to common childhood illness coupled with environmental and socio-economically oriented measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11039 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 267272, 2011
Synthesis of esterified solid fat from fractionated rapeseed oil and palm stearin modeling by response surface methodology
Authors: Alim MA , Alim MA , Wessman P , Dutta PC 
Published: July 2012

The main purpose of the study was to produce esterified solid fat (ESF) from fractionated rapeseed oil and palm stearin through lipase-catalyzed reaction. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of three reaction factors such as substrate mole ratio, enzyme percent, and reaction time. The design was adequate and reproducible due to satisfactory levels of coefficient of determination (R2, 0.98) for both cases and coefficient variation (CV, 4.06 for SFC at 10 °C and 7.95 for SFC at 30 °C, respectively). The substrate mole ratio was the significant term for affecting the response of SFC (P<0.05) rather than reaction time and enzyme percent. Based on ridge analysis, the production of ESF with SFC 51.48 ±0.94 % at 10 ºC would be predicted by the combinations of optimized 24.07 h reaction time, 10.66 % enzyme and 1: 1.52 substrate mole ratios. On the other hand, the SFC of 21.44±0.83 at 30 ºC would be predicted by the combinations of optimized 24.37 h reaction time, 10.23 % enzyme and 1: 1.5 substrate mole ratios. The ESF contained mainly of palmitic (45.1%), oleic (40.8%), linoleic (5.6%) and stearic (4.5%) acids, respectively. The total sterol and tocopherol contents of ESF were 243.27 mg/100g and 19.26 mg/100 g, respectively. Therefore, these results in this study suggested that RSM can be used to optimize the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of ESF with suitable physical characteristics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11040 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 273282, 2011
Landing centers and availability of fish species in fish markets of Mymensingh town
Authors: Chandra KJ , Basak SS , Hasan M 
Published: July 2012

An investigation was carried out on fish landing centers, fish markets and fish fauna of the Mymensingh town to overview the location of the fish landing/entering centers, the source of supply and availability of fisheries organisms in Mymensingh town. The investigation was conducted from October 2009 to September 2010 in sixteen landing centers and markets of Mymensingh town. Among a total of 122 species of fishes were available of which, 113 were finfish and 9 were shellfish. Out of 113 finfish, 85 were freshwater fish species, 14 were exotic species, 14 were marine species, 7 were prawn /shrimps and 2 were mud crab and tortoise. Different types of freshwater fish, marine fish, crustacean and dry fish were found in Mymensingh town. The most abundant freshwater fish species were Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Clarias batrachus, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, Channa punctatus. Among the marine fishes Lates calcarifer, Euthynnus affinis and Mugil cephalus were recorded. The shellfishes, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon were most abundant. Significant amount of carps were imported from inside and outside of the districts. Besides the carps, small quantities of other fish, e.g, hilsha, catfish, tilapia, small indigenous fish, prawn and shrimp and other fish including marine can be seen in the fish landing centers and fish markets in Mymensingh town. Trains, buses, trucks and pickups were used as transport of fish to the landing centers from outside of Mymensingh town. Virtually most of the fish (84.6 %) were brought from different areas of the district and adjacent district like Netrokona, Jamalpur, Gazipur and Kishoreganj. The rest (15.4 %) were brought from external source in Mechhua bazar, Natun bazar, Sankipara bazar, Charpara bazar and Kathgola bazar. Main source of the fishes were different ponds, haors, beels and rivers of Mymensingh and adjacent districts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11046 ]J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 311318, 2011
Assessing livelihood impacts of cage based fish fingerlings production on Adivasi households in north-east and north-west Bangladesh
Authors: Gupta N , Haque MM 
Published: July 2012

In Bangladesh, Adivasi, the indigenous people are of the poorest sections of the society due to their vulnerable livelihoods with lack of resources. Cage based fish fingerling production (CBFFP) was promoted with Adivasi households in the north-east and north-west regions of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire based survey was conducted with a sample size of 150 CBFFP adopting households to assess the livelihood impacts of CBFFP on the Adivasi households. Geographically, the study represents Sherpur and Netrakona districts from north-east and Dinajpur, Rangpur, and Joypurhat districts from north-west regions of Bangladesh. In terms of socio-economic characteristics, the average household size of Adivasi households was 4.21± 1.28 with day labour (40%) based primary occupation. Majority (64%) of households heads were found illiterate and the remaining with low level education attainment. Most of the Adivasi households depended on a single persons (household head) income. The average size of ponds in which the cages were set was about 1.2±1.4 hectare with the depth of 1.5-3 m. The cage provided with Adivasi farmer was of 1 m3 in size and made of locally available materials, mainly bamboo made frame, net and plastic bottles as floats. The average cost of a cage construction was about BDT 400±85.2 (USD 5.71±1.2). The fry of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), rui (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Thai sarpunti (Barbonymus gonionotus) were stocked in the cages for fingerling production. The average stocking density was about 875±507 fry/cage (about 3.4cm in length). In average, fingerling production cost was about BDT 268±129.2/cage (USD 3.83±1.8/cage) and selling value was about BDT 431±509.1/cage (USD 6.16±7.2/cage). The major impacts of CBFFP include increased household level income (1.7%), use of this income to buy livestock for rearing further. Moreover, CBFFP impacted positively on other aspects of livelihoods such as purchasing food in lean period, saving money and paying credit. The large size fingerlings produced in the cages were used as food fish for household level consumption. The main constrains of Adivasi households to adopt CBFFP were poaching of fish from cages and variable access to ponds for cage installation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11047 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 319326, 2011