bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovine Polioencephalomalacia Associated With Dietary Sulphur Intake
Authors: Rousseaux C. G. , Olkowski A. A. , Chauvet A. , Gooneratne S. R. , Christenson D. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFifty‐six female crossbred two‐month‐old lambs were housed in individual cages, and fed a basic ration of barley (59%), soybean meal (5%), and alfalfa (32%) prepared to meet NRC nutrient requirements. Four percent of the diet contained a standard salt mix to which the factors inorganic sulphur (S) and thiamine (B1) were added. Four treatment groups were used: low sulphur and normal thiamine (0.19% S, 13.7mg/kg B1), low sulphur and high thiamine (0.19% S, 243mg/kg B1), high sulphur and normal thiamine (0.63 % S, 13.7mg/kg B1), high sulphur and high thiamine (0.63 % S, 243mg/kg B1). All animals had free access to water and were offered 1 kg/animal/day of diet for 14 weeks, when necropsy was undertaken. Seven lambs fed unsupplemented (normal B1) diets containing added sulphur developed clinical symptoms of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) between the 3rd and 7thweek of the trial. Morbidity (P< 0.013) and mortality (P=0.08) differences were attributed to Sadministration. None of the B1supplemented lambs developed clinical signs of PEM. Body weight and relative organ weights did not differ among treatment groups. Serial sections of all brains were examined grossly and microscopically. Nonparametric statistical analysis revealed sulphur related effects in the cerebrum, midbrain and hindbrain (P < 0.0001), no thiamine‐related effects or interaction between the factors were seen, except in the amygdaloid body. It was concluded that inorganic sulphur was associated with polioencephalomalacia, and that dietary thiamine may decrease the severity of lesions in some affected areas of the central nervous system.
Variations in Total Bile Acid Concentration in Serum of Dogs after a Test Meal
Authors: Jensen A. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the variations in total serum bile acid (SBA) concentration following oral administration of corn oil (3.0 ml per kg body weight) to six fasted healthy dogs using a previously validated automated method (Jensen, 1991) for the determination of SBA concentration. The preprandial SBA concentration was 2.22 umol/1 (0.64‐6.41 μmol/1) (median, 0.025 ‐0.975 fractiles). In the 2–6 hours postprandial period, all the SBA concentrations were significantly different from the preprandial value, but not significantly different from each other. For the total 2–6 hours postprandial period the SBA concentration was 7.89 umol/1 (1.39‐22.24 μmol/1). From these results it may be suggested that the reference range for the preprandial SBA concentration in dogs is 0.64‐6.41 μmol/1, and that the reference range for the postprandial SBA concentration in a blood sample obtained 2 hours after oral administration of corn oil is 1.39‐22.24 μmol/1.
Evaluation of Fasting and Postprandial Total Serum Bile Acid Concentration in Dogs with Hepatobiliary Disorders
Authors: Jensen A. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe fasting and 2 h postprandial total serum bile acid concentrations (FSBA and PSBA), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubinTotal, and retention of bromosulphthalein were determined in a group of dogs with various hepatobiliary disorders as well as in a group of dogs with other diseases than hepatobiliary disorders.Although FSBA and PSBA were generally elevated in cases of hepatobiliary disorders, no distinction between different disease groups could be made based solely on FSBA and PSBA. FSBA and PSBA were found to be relatively sensitive and specific parameters compared to the other hepatic tests. PSBA tended to be superior to the other parameters investigated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.
Pharmacokinetics of Ticarcillin and Ticarcillin‐Probenecid in Sheep
Authors: Errecalde J. O. , Lanusse C. E. , Mestorino O. N. , Landoni M. F. , Soraci A. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySerum concentrations of ticarcillin were measured serially over a period of 12 h in a cross over trial involving 6 healthy adult ewes after intravenous and intramuscular (IM) administration of 40 mg ticarcillin per kg body weight.Probenecid (40 mg/kg) was also administered IM immediately before the IM administration of 40 mg/kg ticarcillin. Pharmacokinetic values after intravenous administration were: half‐life of elimination (T 1/2 β) = 0.90 ± 0.09 h; volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) = 456.8 ± 106.6 ml/kg, total body clearance (C1B) = 614.5 ± 81.2 ml/h/kg. Ticarcillin persisted in serum at ≥ = 1.5 μg/ml for 4 hours. Pharmacokinetic and bioavailability values after intramuscular administration were: half‐life of absorption (T 1/2 ab) = 8.08 ± 1.98 min; T 1/2 β = 0.96 ± 0.07 h. Peak serum concentration (Cmax) was 31.11 ± 6.02 μg/ml at 0.50 h (Tmax), bioavailability (F) was 0.82 ± 0.09. After ticarcillin was administered IM together with probenecid the T 1/2 ab was 33.9 ± 13.7 min, the T 1/2 β 2.66 ± 0.65 h, Cmax= 44.87 ± 5.58 at 1.33 ± 0.44 h, and F = 1.25 ± 0.23.
The Inhibition of the Reticular Groove Reflex in Sheep by Clonidine
Authors: Nicholson T. , Belkhiri M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIntravenous clonidine, an alpha‐2 adrenoreceptor agonist, at 2 μg · kg−1 and 4 μg · kg−1, inhibited the activation by oral copper sulphate of the reticular groove reflex in adult sheep. The plasma concentration of xylose after oral dosing was used as an indicator of groove activation. The inhibition was prevented by prior injection of an alpha‐2 antagonist, idazoxan. Indirect evidence of prolongation of intestinal transit time was found with the lower dose of clonidine. Idazoxan injected alone appeared to increase the absorption of xylose.
In vivo Fertilizing Capacity of Deep Frozen Boar Semen Packaged in Plastic Bags and Maxi‐Straws
Authors: Bwanga C. O. , Hofmo P. O. , Grevle I. S. , Einarsson S. , Rodriguez‐Martinez  
Published: May 2010

SummaryPooled ejaculates from six fertile boars were frozen under controlled conditions in Teflon® FEP‐film plastic bags (5 ml) and maxi‐straws (2.5 ml) using 3 % glycerol as cryoprotectant. The percentages of both post‐thaw motility and normal apical ridges were significantly higher (P< 0.001) for the bags (54.5 and 75 %) than for the maxi‐straws (40.1 and 59.4 %) respectively. For evaluation of the in vivo fertilizing capacity of the frozen‐thawed spermatozoa, 26 gilts were inseminated once 24 h after the first observation of standing reflex in their second oestrus, with 5 ml of semen (containing 5 billion spermatozoa) reconstituted in 80 ml of BTS from either bags or maxi‐straws. Ova were recovered from the oviducts/uteri 2–4 days following insemination and examined for cleavage and sperm binding to the zona pellucida (ZP). Significantly higher rates (P < 0.02) of fertilized ova were found in the bag‐inseminated (75%) than in maxi‐straw inseminated gilts (63%); and similarly their ova had significantly more spermatozoa in the ZP, irrespective of whether they were fertilized or non‐fertilized. This study confirmed that the plastic bags are suitable and may be used for packaging single insemination doses of deep frozen boar semen for routine A. I. work.
Statistical Evidence for a Link between Bronchopneumonia and Disseminated Focal Nephritis in Pigs
Authors: Buttenschøn J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn investigation on the occurrence of different pneumonia types and their possible concurrence with other pluck organ disorders was made on 6,565 pigs presented at slaughter. The frequency of disseminated focal nephritis in a bronchopneumonia group and a non‐bronchopneumonia residual group, respectively, was found to differ significantly from the mean frequency of nephritis in all pig plucks examined. The number of lesioned kidneys in each of 28 samples contributing to the bronchopneumonia group and in each of 8 samples contributing to the residual group was regressed group‐wise on the number of individual plucks examined in each sample; the correlation coefficient for each of these two groups was calculated. These calculations showed a highly significant link between bronchopneumonia and disseminated focal nephritis. The histopathological and bacteriological examination of some lung and kidney lesions representing the bronchopneumonia group substantiated this finding. It is concluded that the two diseases are connected through dissemination, and that Pasteurella multocida is the organism involved in the majority of cases.
Gross, Microscopic and Ultrastructural Lesions of Protoporphyria in Limousin Calves
Authors: Troyer D. L. , Ayers J. , Wollen H. , Leipold H. W. , Cook J. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe gross, microscopic and ultrastructural lesions associated with the genetic disease, protoporphyria, in Limousin cattle were studied in detail. The clinical signs and lesions were most severe in young animals. In the liver, the lesions consisted of portal fibroplasia, bile ductule hyperplasia, parenchymal cell swelling, and pigment accumulation. Maltese cross‐like crystals were evident under polarized light. Ultrastructurally, there were large secondary lysosomes comprised of electron‐dense granules associated with lipid droplets in hepatocytes. Phagocytic cells in the dermis also contained large heterogeneous secondary lysosomes.
Untersuchungen zur Pathologie und Pathogenese der experimentellenMycoplasma hyorhinis‐Infektion von Ferkeln ohne und mit thermomotorischer Belastung
Authors: Kinne J. , Johannsen U. , Neumann R. , Mehlhorn G. , Pfützner H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations on the pathology and pathogenesis of experimentalMycoplasma hyorbinisinfection of piglets with or without thermomotoric stress 1. Results of pathomorphological and immunomorphological studiesThe effect of an experimentalMycoplasma (M.) hyorhinisinfection (3 times intranasal instillation of 3–5 ml bouillon with 107Colony forming units [CFU]/ml) in combination with a standard thermomotoric stress (swimm‐test) was studied in piglets using pathomorphological, immunomorphological and microbiological methods.The 92 piglets were divided into the following 5 groups: swimmers with infection (S‐I; n = 19); swimmers without infection (S; n = 19); control piglets with infection (K‐I; n = 21); controls without infection, but direct (K1; n = 16) or indirect contact (K2; n = 17) with experimentally infected animals. The experimental or spontaneous infection (direct or aerogen infection) withM. hyorhiniscaused in 30.4% of the piglets an acute or subacute, catarrhal‐purulent bronchopneumonia with an interstitial component.Incidence and intensity of pneumonia were significantly higher in the groups with thermomotoric stress (independent from the mode of infection) than in the non‐stressed groups. TheM. hyorhinispneumonia was characterized by a limited expansion and a trend to restitution.The causal agent (M. hyorhinis) was demonstrated with immunomorphological methods (immunofluorescence and PAP) in the ciliary zone of the nasal, tracheal and especially on the bronchial mucosa, and occasionally in the bronchioles and alveoli.ZusammenfassungEs wurden vergleichende pathomorphologische, immunmorphologische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen zur Wirkung einer experimentellenMycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis‐Infektion (3malige Instillation von 3–6 ml à 5 · 107–8CFU/ml) sowie einer standardisierten thermomotorischen Belastung (Schwimmtest) bei folgenden Gruppen von Ferkeln durchgeführt: Schwimmer mit Infektion (S‐I, n = 19) bzw. ohne Infektion (S, n = 19), Kontrollen mit Infektion (K‐I, n = 21) bzw. ohne Infektion, aber direktem (K1, n = 16) oder indirektem Kontakt (K2, n = 17) zu experimentell infizierten Tieren. In insgesamt 30,4% der Fälle konnte durch experimentelle bzw. spontane Infektion (direkter Kontakt oder aerogen) mitM. hyorhinisbei Ferkeln eine akute bis subakute, katarrhalischeitrige Bronchopneumonie mit interstitieller Komponente ausgelöst werden. Pneumonie‐Inzidenz und Intensität lagen in den Gruppen mit thermomotorischer Belastung — unabhängig vom Infektionsmodus — signifikant höher als in den nichtbelasteten Gruppen. DieM. hyorhinis‐Pneumonie zeigte eine geringe Ausbreitungstendenz und deutliche Restitutionsneigung. Der Erreger (M. hyorhinis) wurde mit immunmorphologischen Methoden (IFT, PAP) auf der Nasen‐ und Tracheal‐, vor allem aber auf der Bronchialschleimhaut im Bereich des Ziliensaumes, dagegen nur (noch) ausnahmsweise in Alveolen und Bronchiolen nachgewiesen.
Comparison between a Modified Haemocytometric Technique and Electronic Counters in Goat Blood Cell Counting
Authors: Mbassa G. K. , Poulsen J. S. D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDilutions of goat blood with Hayem‐Jørgensen's fluid ranging from 1: 200 to 1: 1,000 were used for haemocytometer counting of red blood cells (RBC) in 27 goats. The optimal dilutions were 1: 400‐1:500. Correlation studies between the results obtained by the haemocytometer and the Coulter counter red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts were performed in 551 goat blood samples. The haemocytometer RBC counts were 5.63 % higher and WBC counts 2.79 % lower than those of the electronic counter. The method of blood cell counting therefore influences the clinical haematological diagnoses and reference values in domestic animals. New cell counters specifically designed to measure cells of small volumes, e. g. goat erythrocytes, are needed.
Effect of Noradrenaline on Smooth Muscle Strips from the Reticular Groove of Adult Cattle
Authors: Denac M. , Kümin G. , Scharrer E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of noradrenaline (NA) on smooth muscle strips from the reticular groove of adult cattle was studied. The mechanical activity of the muscle strips was recorded isometrically. Noradrenaline caused concentration dependent (1.1 · 10−6‐ 55 · 10−6mol/l) contractions of both the transversal muscle strips from the floor and the longitudinal muscle strips from the lips of the reticular groove. This excitatory effect of noradrenaline was antagonized by the α‐receptor antagonist prazosine (10−8mol/1) and by higher concentrations of the α2‐receptor antagonist yohimbine (10−6mol/1) and atropine (10−5mol/1). Tetrodotoxin (5 ·10−6mol/1) and latrotoxin did not affect the contractile response of the muscle strips to noradrenaline (55 · 10−6mol/l). Furthermore, strips stored for 24 hours in Tyrode's solution at 4 °C without oxygen supply maintained their full sensitivity to noradrenaline. Propranolol (10−4mol/1), a β‐receptor antagonist, led to a significant increase of the contractions induced by noradrenaline (55 · 10−6mol/l). These results suggest that noradrenaline increases the tone of the smooth muscle of the reticular groove via α‐adrenergic receptors and decreases its tone via β‐adrenergic receptors. Both receptor types are located on the smooth muscle cells. The α1‐receptor mediated effect appears to be predominant.
Leukocyte Profile in Growing Dwarf and Landrace Kids
Authors: Mbassa G. K. , Poulsen J. S. D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTotal and differential leukocyte count profiles were studied in 62 clinically healthy Danish landrace kids and 34 clinically healthy dwarf kids from birth to 12 months of age in seven Danish herds. The objective was to determine the reference values in the two breeds and the influence of age, sex and environment and whether there are any breed differences. Parametric (mean ± 2 standard deviations) and the nonparametric (5th to 95th percentile interval) values for each leukocyte type were closely related. The medians were very close to the means. The number of leukocytes was low in neonates, 7.1 ± 1.5 and 7.0 ± 2.1 times 109/1 in dwarf and landrace kids respectively. Values increased with age to 18.7 ± 2.1 and 13.4 ± 3.1 times 1109/1 in the two breeds respectively at 8 ‐ 12 months of age. There were significant differences in leukocyte counts between the breeds at 1 ‐ 2 and 8 ‐ 12 months of age and at 2–4 months between herds within the breeds. The number of lymphocyte and neutrophil cells were 2.6 ± 0.8 and 3.9 ± 1.1 times 109/1 respectively in neonatal dwarf and 4.1 ± 1.5 and 2.3 ± 1.1 times 109/1 respectively in landrace kids. Very high numbers of these cells were observed in dwarf and landrace kids respectively within 8 months, 10.7 ± 1.1 and 8.2 ± 3.3 lymphocytes and 6.8 ± 1.7 and 4.4 ± 2.6 times 109/1 neutrophils for the two breeds. Significant differences between the ages (within the breeds), breeds (within similar ages) and herds (within breeds in kids of similar ages) were observed. Basophil, monocyte and eosinophil cells increased slightly with age. Sex variations were observed in some ages but were not significant.
Serum Pattern of Thyroxine (T4), 3,3‘,5‐Triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3’,5‘‐Triiodothyronine (rT3) in Fed and Fasted Cocks Following TRH Stimulation
Authors: Abdel‐Fattah  , Kamal I. , Bobek S. , Sechman A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFood deprivation for 27 and 75h in cocks decreased serum levels of T3maximally by 61.1% and increased the level of rT3by 51.4% and that of T4by 22.4%. Injection of a single dose of TRH (10 μg/kg b.w.) increased serum levels of all 3 iodothyronines in both fed and food‐deprived animals. In fasted, TRH‐treated birds the peak of serum rT3was 80.5 and 73.3% above control levels in 27‐and 75‐hr food‐deprived cocks, respectively (fed birds: 14.6 and 9.7%); the relevant data for T3were: 78.3 and 40.4% (fed birds: 95.7 and 127.5%); for T4: 30.0 and 27.0% (fed birds: 9.2 and 6.1%). The greater relative increment of serum rT3than T3in food‐deprived and TRH‐treated cocks was supported by a fall of the serum T3/rT3ratio to 78.7 and 27.9% in fed cocks and 27‐ and 75‐hr fasted animals, respectively. We conclude, that food deprivation modifies the response of the hypophysis‐thyroid axis to exogenous TRH in the sense that during fasting the production of rT3is enhanced relative to T3.
Validation of the Thermodilution Technique for the Estimation of the Cardiac Output in the Unsedated Calf
Authors: Amory H. , Linden A. , Desmecht D. , Rollin F. , Genicot B. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to establish a standardized protocol in order to obtain accurate and reproducible cardiac output (CO) measurements by the thermodilution technique in the unsedated calf.In 5 healthy calves, the effect of various temperatures, volumes, rates, means and sites of injection of the thermal indicator were tested for their effect on accuracy and reproducibility of CO measurement by the thermodilution technique, the Fick method being used as the standard technique. Five milliliters of an iced 5% dextrose solution per 100 kg body weight constituted the correct amount of thermal indicator. Manual injection of the indicator bolus and/or injection of this bolus through the proximal lumen of a thermodilution Swan‐Ganz catheter gave poor results of CO measurements by the thermodilution technique. On the other hand, results of CO measurements were highly reliable when the bolus injection was performed by an ECG‐synchronized injection pump and/or through a right atrial catheter with a larger diameter and a shorter length than the classical Swan‐Ganz catheter.It was concluded that an iced 5% solution of dextrose (5 ml/100 kg body weight) injectated through a right atrial catheter by an ECG‐synchronized pump gives the most accurate and reproducible CO measurements by the thermodilution technique in unsedated calves.
Bilateral Scrotal Hysterocele in an Intersex Goat
Authors: Ramadan R. O. , Gameel A. A. , Dafalla E. A. , Galil A. K. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA bilateral scrotal hysterocele is described in a male pseudohermaphrodite goat. The surgically removed testes were devoid of spermatogenic cells. Serum androgens showed normal levels before surgery but dropped following removal of the gonads.
A Retrospective Study of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology in Horses with Clinical Findings of Small Airway Disease
Authors: Vrins A. , Doucet M. , Nunez‐Ochoa L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA retrospective study of 69 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) on horses was done to investigate the relationship between bronchoalveolar cell types and clinical signs in horses with small airway disease. Horses were grouped according to clinical findings. The groups were as follows: I. cough only (n = 14), II. cough with mucopurulent secretions in the trachea (n = 14), III. cough, mucopurulent secretions in the trachea and abnormal lung sounds (n = 24) and IV., all of the above plus dyspnea at rest (n = 17). An asymptomatic group was formed from horses in the same population to serve as control (n = 8). There was a significant difference between cytological profiles of asymptomatic horses and the symptomatic group horses, indicating that BAL findings are different when clinical manifestations of the disease are present. Furthermore, neutrophil counts increased as the severity of clinical signs increased from group I to IV. Some variations of other cell types such as mast cells were also reported. Though a significant increase in neutrophils was predictable in dyspneic horses, there was an absence of typical cytological pictures for the other symptomatic but non‐dyspneic groups of horses. This study concludes that BAL is a useful diagnostic tool which allows further characterisation of inflammatory processes when clinical signs if small airway disease are apparent.
The Effect of Unilateral Ovariectomy on Intraluminal Pressure in the Porcine Oviductal Isthmus
Authors: Pettersson A. , Larsson B. , Einarsson S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIntraluminal pressure variations in the isthmus of the porcine oviduct were studied under anaesthesia in 4 previously unilaterally ovariectomized gilts during either prooestrus, day 1, day 2, or day 3 of the oestrous cycle. The objective was to see if the removal of one ovary would have any effect on the activity of the ipsilateral oviduct. Blood collected from the jugular vein and both utero‐ovarian veins were analysed for concentrations of oestradiol‐17β and progesterone. Although a clear difference was seen between ovarian steroid concentrations in the blood plasma collected from the utero‐ovarian veins of the same animal, the isthmic activity was similar in both oviducts.
Monthly Variation and Distribution of Erythrocyte Na, K and Mg Concentrations in Normal Dairy Cows
Authors: Fenwick D. C. , Daniel R. C. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBlood samples were taken from the caudal vein of 64 normal dairy cows monthly for 12 months and the concentrations of erythrocyte Na (ENa), erythrocyte K (EK), and erythrocyte (EMg) were determined. The overall range of ENa concentrations in the cows was 16 to 176 mmol/l red cells with a grand mean (± SD) of 96 ± 15.4 mmol/l, and a positively skewed distribution with a degree of skewness of 4.4. The overall range of EK concentrations was 13 to 99 mmol/l, with a grand mean (± SD) of 32.8 ± 13.12 mmol/l red cells, and a distribution which suggested bimodality with modes at 26 and 70 mmol/l red cells. The overall range of EMg concentrations was 0.1 to 2.6 mmol/l red cells with a grand mean (± SD) of 0.99 ± 0.12 and mode and median of 0.97 mmol/l red cells; the distribution was that of a normal Gaussian curve. Analysis of variance showed significant effects with respect to cows and calendar months but not lactation months on all cations (all P < 0.01). The calendar months effects were similar for cows with mean erythrocyte K concentrations below 35 mmol/l for Friesians and Jerseys but not for Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows. The repeatabilities were 0.4, 0.9 and 0.2 respectively for ENa, EK and EMg. It was concluded that ENa had a moderate genetic component, EK a high, and EMg a low genetic component. There was no significant correlation between plasma Na and ENA or plasma K and EK, but there was between plasma Mg and EMg (r = 0.21, df = 307, P < 0.01).