bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informed Citizens? Knowledge of Rights and the Resolution of Civil Justice Problems
Authors: DENVIR CATRINA , BALMER NIGEL J. , BUCK ALEXY 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPrevious studies have highlighted the paucity of knowledge possessed by people in a number of jurisdictions with regard to specific legal issues and processes, yet what has not been fully understood is the practical impact of this lack of knowledge. This paper looks at how knowledge of rights affects the resolution of civil justice problems. Data were extracted from a large-scale survey of adults’ experience of rights problems throughout England and Wales (10,537 adult respondents). The results demonstrated that most individuals were not aware of their rights at the time the problem occurred (64.8 per cent). Knowledge was shown to be poorest amongst those with mental illness, those without higher qualifications and those renting their homes. Problems where knowledge was poor included clinical negligence, welfare benefits and neighbours issues. Knowledge did not appear to be related to a particular problem-solving strategy but had an impact on the fulfilment of objectives and the obtaining of advice. Our findings depart from existing literature by indicating that knowledge of rights alone is not associated with legal self-sufficiency in terms of a reduced dependence upon legal advice services. We find, however, that individuals, with knowledge of rights, experience better outcomes when they opt to handle their problem alone. Accordingly, the presence or absence of knowledge of rights may be a useful proxy measure of legal advice need and relevant to the process of legal aid rationing. Our findings highlight the role that Public Legal Education (PLE) (both ‘rights-based education’ and ‘just-in-time/self-help’) may play in disposing of less complex problems, while presenting a strong case for the continued availability of free legal advice services. The research is discussed in the context of the recently announced legal aid reforms in England and Wales and their anticipated impact.
X-ray powder diffraction analysis of a new magnesium chromate hydrate, MgCrO4·11H2O
Authors: Fortes A. Dominic , Wood Ian G. 
Published: April 2012

A new hydrate of magnesium chromate is synthesized by quenching aqueous solutions of MgCrO4 in liquid nitrogen. MgCrO4·11H2O is isostructural with the rare mineral meridianiite (MgSO4·11H2O) being triclinic, $P{\bar 1}$, Z = 2, with unit-cell parameters a = 6.811 33(8) Å, b = 6.958 39(9) Å, c = 17.3850(2) Å, α = 87.920(1)°, β = 89.480(1)°, γ = 62.772(1)°, and V = 732.17(1) Å3 at −15 °C. The difference in unit-cell parameters between SO4- and CrO4-bearing species is only partially accounted for by the difference in S–O and Cr–O bond lengths; the remainder of the difference (over 90% in the cell volume) is attributed to weakening of the interpolyhedral hydrogen-bond network.
Synthesis and recycling of antifreeze glycoproteins in polar fishes
Authors: Evans Clive W. , Hellman Linn , Middleditch Martin , Wojnar Joanna M. , Brimble Margaret A. , Devries Arthur L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEvolutionary disparate Antarctic notothenioids and Arctic gadids have adapted to their freezing environments through the elaboration of essentially identical antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs). Here we show that this convergence of molecular identity, which evolved from unrelated parent genes, extends to convergence in physiological deployment. Both fish groups synthesize AFGPs in the exocrine pancreas from where they are discharged into the gut to inhibit the growth of ingested ice. Antifreeze glycoproteins not lost with the faeces are resorbed from the gut via the rectal epithelium, transported to the blood and ultimately secreted into the bile, from where they re-enter the gastrointestinal tract. Antifreeze glycoprotein recirculation conserves energy expenditure and explains how high levels of AFGPs reach the blood in notothenioids since, unlike Arctic gadids which also synthesize AFGP in the liver, AFGP secretion in notothenioids is directed exclusively towards the gastrointestinal lumen. Since AFGPs function by inhibiting ice crystal growth, ice must be present for them to function. The two fish groups are thus faced with an identical problem of how to deal with internal ice. Here we show that both accumulate AFGPs within ellipsoidal macrophages of the spleen, presumably adsorbed to phagocytosed ice crystals which are then held until a warming event ensues.
A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Surgical and Rehabilitation Response to the Earthquake in Haiti, January 2010
Authors: Redmond Anthony D. , Mardel Simon , Taithe Bertrand , Calvot Thomas , Gosney Jim , Duttine Antony , Girois Susan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: The disaster response environment in Haiti following the 2010 earthquake represented a complex healthcare challenge. This study was designed to identify challenges during the Haiti disaster response.Methods: Qualitative and quantitative study of injured patients carried out six months after the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti to review the surgical inputs of foreign medical teams.Results: Study findings revealed a need during the response for improved medical records and data gathering for regulation, quality assurance, coordination and resource allocation; wider adherence to standard patient referral mechanisms and protocols linking surgical service provision with appropriate hospital and community based rehabilitation services; a greater recognition of the impact of non-amputation injury, and the need for patients to have a greater say in their management and to be the keepers of their medical records. Key first steps to improving the international response are a minimum dataset and uniform reporting.Conclusion: This study showed that challenges for emergency medical response during the Haiti Earthquake involved issues of accountability, professional ethics, standards-of-care, unmet needs, patient agency and expected outcomes for patients in such settings:
Bevacizumab-induced tumor calcifications can be elicited in glioblastoma microspheroid culture and represent massive calcium accumulation death (MCAD) of tumor endothelial cells
Authors: Weiseenthal Larry , Williamson Summer , Brunschwiler Cindy , Rueff-Weisenthal Constance 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBähr and colleagues reported that 22 of 36 glioblastoma patients treated with bevacizumab showed tumor calcifications on 8 week post therapy follow up with MRI. Early tumor calcification strongly predicted for response, time to progression, and overall survival. The authors didn’t understand the mechanism, but speculated that it was vascular in nature. At the 13th International Anti-Angiogenic Symposium (2011), we presented our discovery of the phenomenon of massive calcium accumulation death, wherein MCAD occurred in endothelial cells (tumor, circulating, and HUVEC), in response to VEGF depletion by bevacizumab and other putative anti-angiogenic agents, but not in response to non-specific cytotoxins. In subsequent work, we have documented marked MCAD to occur in primary microcluster cultures from 6 fresh human glioblastoma biopsies, following 96 hours of VEGF depletion in vitro by bevacizumab. The presence and degree of MCAD is strikingly dependent on the type of serum in the culture medium (RPMI-1640 + 25% serum) -- typically most striking in (very low VEGF) fetal calf serum, but inhibited (often) or enhanced (rarely) by 25% human serum from different patients or normal donors containing variable quantities of VEGF. There was not a linear relationship between VEGF concentration and MCAD inhibition (or enhancement), suggesting that other pro-angiogenic (or anti-angiogenic) serum factors may play a role. In epithelial metastatic tumors, circulating peripheral blood endothelial cells may be easily tested, using our methods, and the serum inhibition (or, rarely, enhancement) is faithfully reproduced on circulating endothelial cells, in comparison with the tumor cluster-associated endothelial cells. We propose MCAD as the mechanism of glioblastoma calcification following bevacizumab and further propose that testing tumor microclusters and/or circulating endothelial cells, in the presence of autologous serum, could be a useful predictive biomarker and research tool.
Une madeleine peut en cacher une autre: un dialogue mythique sur le Temps entre Marcel Proust, Alfred Hitchcock et Chris Marker
Authors: Picherit Hervé 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

La Jetée
et
Immemory
, œuvres de Chris Marker, réalisent un lien des plus inattendus entre
À la recherche du temps perdu
de Marcel Proust et
Vertigo
d'Alfred Hitchcock. En nous interrogeant sur la nature des ‘Madeleines’ se trouvant dans ces deux œuvres,
Immemory
indique l'enjeu du raccord qu'opère
La Jetée
. Car l'œuvre hitchcockienne, comme la proustienne, recèle une philosophie unique du souvenir. Tandis que
Vertigo
présente une Madeleine qui, agissant sur les structures du temps, tente d'attirer et Scottie et le spectateur dans son infinité néfaste, la
Recherche
met en scène une madeleine menant, certes, au temps retrouvé, mais aussi au-delà des pièges d'une souvenance trop servile à elle-même. Le lien que permet
La Jetée
assure tout d'abord l'enrichissement mutuel des univers proustien et hitchcockien, mais il ne constitue ni une synthèse de ces philosophies, ni une quelconque définition du concept de la ‘Madeleine’. Marker établit, au contraire, un dialogue transtextuel qui, d'après les critères d'Émile Durkheim, de Claude Lévi-Strauss et de Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, participe de la création mythologique. Grâce à l'influence de
La Jetée
et d'
Immemory
, la ‘Madeleine’ serait donc devenue un élément mythique qui, tout en étant né des œuvres proustienne et hitchcockienne, est indépendant d'elles.
Mammaglobin 1: not only a breast‐specific and tumour‐specific marker, but also a hormone‐responsive endometrial protein
Authors: Classen‐Linke Irmgard , Moss Sabine , Gröting Katrin , Beier Henning M , Alfer Joachim , Krusche Claudia A 
Published: April 2012

Classen‐Linke I, Moss S, Gröting K, Beier H M, Alfer J & Krusche C A  (2012) Histopathology 61, 955–965Mammaglobin 1: not only a breast‐specific and tumour‐specific marker, but also a hormone‐responsive endometrial proteinAims:  The secretoglobin mammaglobin 1 (MGB1) is strongly expressed in breast tumours, and is therefore used to detect breast cancer metastases, although it has also been detected in other tissues. The aim of this study was to examine MGB1 expression and its hormonal regulation in human endometrium to further investigate the use of MGB1 as a marker molecule.Methods and results:  Mammaglobin 1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in endometrial samples from 60 normal fertile patients throughout the menstrual cycle, in 49 endometriotic tissue samples, in 15 endometrial adenocarcinomas, and in 36 breast carcinomas. In addition, 25 endometrial samples were analysed by western blot and quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To prove hormonal regulation, primary endometrial epithelial cells were cultured with 17β‐oestradiol and promegestone. MGB1 was detected in human endometrial tissue, with peak expression during the luteal phase, in 31% of endometriotic samples, in 53% of endometrial adenocarcinomas, and in 64% of breast carcinomas. MGB1 mRNA expression was increased in vitro by hormonal treatment.Conclusions:  Our data show that MGB1 expression is not restricted to normal and malignant breast tissue. Besides its documented occurrence in endometriotic and malignant endometrial tissues, MGB1 is also expressed in normal human endometrium, and such expression is controlled by steroid hormones.
The cyclophilin ROC1 links phytochrome and cryptochrome to brassinosteroid sensitivity
Authors: Trupkin Santiago A. , Mora‐García Santiago , Casal Jorge J. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAlthough multiple photoreceptors converge to control common aspects of seedling de‐etiolation, we are relatively ignorant of the genes acting at or downstream of their signalling convergence. To address this issue we screened for mutants under a mixture of blue plus far‐red light and identified roc1‐1D. The roc1‐1D mutant, showing elevated expression of the ROTAMASE CYCLOPHILIN 1 (ROC1/AtCYP18‐3) gene, and partial loss‐of function roc1 alleles, has defects in phytochrome A (phyA)‐, cryptochrome 1 (cry1)‐ and phytochrome B (phyB)‐mediated de‐etiolation, including long hypocotyls under blue or far‐red light. These mutants show elevated sensitivity to brassinosteroids in the light but not in the dark. Mutations at brassinosteroid signalling genes and the application of a brassinosteroid synthesis inhibitor eliminated the roc1 and roc1‐D phenotypes. The roc1 and roc1‐D mutants show altered patterns of phosphorylation of the transcription factor BES1, a known point of control of sensitivity to brassinosteroids, which correlate with the expression levels of genes directly targeted by BES1. We propose a model where perception of light by phyA, cry1 or phyB activates ROC1 (at least in part by enhancing its expression). This in turn reduces the intensity of brassinosteroid signalling and fine‐tunes seedling de‐etiolation.
A unified framework for diversity gradients: the adaptive trait continuum
Authors: Carnicer Jofre , Stefanescu Constantí , Vila Roger , Dincă Vlad , Font Xavier , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAim Adaptive trait continua are axes of covariation observed in multivariate trait data for a given taxonomic group. These continua quantify and summarize life‐history variation at the inter‐specific level in multi‐specific assemblages. Here we examine whether trait continua can provide a useful framework to link life‐history variation with demographic and evolutionary processes in species richness gradients. Taking an altitudinal species richness gradient for Mediterranean butterflies as a study case, we examined a suite of traits (larval diet breadth, adult phenology, dispersal capacity and wing length) and species‐specific habitat measures (temperature and aridity breadth). We tested whether traits and species‐specific habitat measures tend to co‐vary, whether they are phylogenetically conserved, and whether they are able to explain species distributions and spatial genetic variation in a large number of butterfly assemblages.Location Catalonia, Spain.Methods We formulated predictions associated with species richness gradients and adaptive trait continua. We applied principal components analyses (PCAs), structural equation modelling and phylogenetic generalized least squares models.Results We found that traits and species‐specific habitat measures covaried along a main PCA axis, ranging from multivoltine trophic generalists with high dispersal capacity to univoltine (i.e. one generation per year), trophic specialist species with low dispersal capacity. This trait continuum was closely associated with the observed distributions along the altitudinal gradient and predicted inter‐specific differences in patterns of spatial genetic variability (FSTand genetic distances), population responses to the impacts of global change and local turnover dynamics.Main conclusions The adaptive trait continuum of Mediterranean butterflies provides an integrative and mechanistic framework to: (1) analyse geographical gradients in species richness, (2) explain inter‐specific differences in population abundances, spatial distributions and demographic trends, (3) explain inter‐specific differences in patterns of genetic variation (FSTand genetic distances), and (4) study specialist–generalist life‐history transitions frequently involved in butterfly diversification processes.
Prediction of recurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: van Oostwaard MF , Langenveld J , Bijloo R , Wong KM , Scholten I , Loix S , Hukkelhoven CWPM , Vergouwe Y , Papatsonis DNM , Mol BWJ , Ganzevoort W 
Published: April 2012

Please cite this paper as: van Oostwaard M, Langenveld J, Bijloo R, Wong K, Scholten I, Loix S, Hukkelhoven C, Vergouwe Y, Papatsonis D, Mol B, Ganzevoort W. Prediction of recurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2012;119:840–847.Objective  To assess the recurrence risk of late‐preterm hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and to determine whether potential risk factors are predictive.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Three secondary and three tertiary care hospitals in the Netherlands.Population  We identified women with a hypertensive disorder in the index pregnancy and delivery at 34–37 weeks of gestation, between January 2000 and December 2002.Methods  Data were extracted from medical files and women were approached for additional information on subsequent pregnancies. An adverse outcome was defined as the recurrence of a hypertensive disorder in the next subsequent pregnancy.Main outcome measures  Absolute risk of recurrence and a prediction model containing demographic and clinical factors predictive for adverse outcome.Results  We identified 425 women who matched the criteria, of whom 351 could be contacted. Of these women, 189 (54%) had had a subsequent pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders recurred in 96 (51%, 95% CI 43–58%) women, of whom 17 (9%, 95% CI 5–14%) delivered again before 37 weeks of gestation. Chronic hypertension and maternal age were the strongest predictors for recurrence. Women undergoing recurrence had a nine‐fold chance of developing chronic hypertension (37% versus 6%, OR 8.7, 95% CI 3.3–23).Conclusions  Women with hypertensive disorders and late‐preterm delivery have a 50% chance of recurrence, but only a 9% chance of recurrence resulting in delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Women with chronic hypertension are prone to develop recurrence, and women with a recurrence more often developed chronic hypertension.
Plant traits – a tool for restoration?
Authors: Clark Deborah L. , Wilson Mark , Roberts Rachael , Dunwiddie Peter W. , Stanley Amanda , Kaye Thomas N. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractQuestionMost results of restoration efforts are species‐specific and/or site‐specific and therefore are not general enough to be easily applied to other species and other sites. Our research addresses the issue of species‐specific results by investigating the feasibility of using plant traits instead of taxonomic identity to characterize species responses to restoration treatments.LocationTen bunchgrass prairie sites in the Pacific Northwest of North America (Oregon and zashington, USA; British Columbia, Canada).MethodsWe developed two types of quantitative models for each of ten prairie restoration sites: (1) plant trait models, which related plant traits to species field responses following restoration management treatments; and (2) species identity models, which related species taxonomic identity to species field responses following restoration management treatments. Species identity models determined the maximum amount of variability of field responses that can be explained by differences in individual species' responses to management treatments. Plant trait models determined what proportion of this explanatory power can be attributed to plant traits. The two model types addressed the following specific questions: (1) how much of the variability in field responses (changes in cover) of plants to restoration management treatments is explained by plant traits; and (2) how well do plant traits explain the variability of field responses (changes in cover) following restoration management treatments compared to models relating field responses to species identity?Results(1) The plant trait models explained much of the variability within each of the ten restoration sites, with R2 values ranging between 31% and 69%. (2) The species identity models explained between 47% and 74% of variability of change in cover (R2). Thus, the plant trait models explained nearly as much variability as the species identity models. In seven out of nine sites, the plant trait models were superior to the species identity models, as measured by AIC, i.e. the trait models did well at explaining variability with less model complexity.ConclusionStrong explanatory power of plant trait models supports the feasibility of using plant traits instead of species taxonomic identity as a common language to characterize plant field responses (changes in cover) to restoration treatments.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for transdiaphragmatic liver invasion of primary lung cancer
Authors: Iwata Takashi , Takeda Yutaka , Iida Shin‐ichiro , Hanada Shoji , Inoue Hidetoshi , Nakahira Shin , Chung Kyukwang , Miura Takuya 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA 75‐year‐old woman presented with intermittent dull abdominal pain, gradually exacerbating over eight months. Computed tomography demonstrated a large mass straddling both the right lower lobe of the lung and the right hepatic lobe. An 18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission computed tomography scan (PET/CT) demonstrated high accumulation in the lesion and carinal lymph nodes. Transbronchial biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma; thus, primary lung cancer with transdiaphragmatic invasion into the liver was diagnosed. Chemotherapy with carboplatin (AUC = 5) on day one and weekly paclitaxel (70 mg/m2) doses were introduced for four courses. The size of the main tumor was reduced and the mediastinal lymph node accumulation disappeared in a subsequent PET/CT. Thus, en‐bloc radical resection of the lung tumor by right lower lobectomy with partial resection of invaded middle lobe and the diaphragm, subsegmentectomy of the liver, and standard mediastinal dissection were undertaken. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on day 30. Her nutrition status dramatically improved and she gained five kilograms of body weight in two months following the resection. The patient, however, then had a fall and suffered femur and multiple pelvic fractures and died of acute pneumonia five weeks after the femur fixation and 14 weeks after the lung surgery.
Identification and phenotypic description of new wheat – six-rowed winter barley disomic additions
Authors: Molnár-Láng Márta , Kruppa Klaudia , Cseh András , Bucsi Julianna , Linc Gabriella 
Published: April 2012

To increase the allelic variation in wheat–barley introgressions, new wheat–barley disomic addition lines were developed containing the 2H, 3H, 4H, 6H, and 7H chromosomes of the six-rowed Ukrainian winter barley ‘Manas’. This cultivar is agronomically much better adapted to Central European environmental conditions than the two-rowed spring barley ‘Betzes’ previously used. A single ‘Asakaze’ × ‘Manas’ wheat × barley hybrid plant was multiplied in vitro and one backcross plant was obtained after pollinating 354 regenerant hybrids with wheat. The addition lines were selected from the self-fertilized seeds of the 16 BC2plants using genomic in situ hybridization. The addition lines were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization using repetitive DNA probes (HvT01, GAA, pTa71, and Afa family), followed by confirmation with barley SSR markers. The addition lines were grown in the phytotron and in the field, and morphological parameters (plant height, fertility, tillering, and spike characteristics) were measured. The production of the disomic additions will make it possible to incorporate the DNA of six-rowed winter barley into the wheat genome. Addition lines are useful for genetic studies on the traits of six-rowed winter barley and for producing new barley dissection lines.