bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in patients with non‐erosive reflux disease before therapy using dual‐channel 24‐h esophageal pH monitoring
Authors: Shimatani Tomohiko , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Nishino Masafumi , Adachi Kyoichi , Furuta Kenji , Ito Masanori , Kurosawa Susumu , Manabe Noriaki , Mannen Kotaro , Hongo Michio , Chiba Tsutomu , Kinoshita Yoshikazu ,   the Acid‐Related Symptom Research (ARS) Group
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  We aimed to determine whether reflux‐ and symptom‐related parameters can predict the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD).Methods:  Twenty‐seven NERD patients who had experienced heartburn more than once a week within the previous month were enrolled. Intraesophageal pH before therapy was measured simultaneously at 5 and 15 cm above the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) for 24 h. The PPI rabeprazole was administered at a dose of 10 mg once daily for 4 weeks. In the event that heartburn was not relieved, the dose was increased to 10 mg twice daily for an additional 2 weeks, and again to 20 mg twice daily for another 2 weeks.Results:  Univariate analysis demonstrated no significant associations between any reflux‐ or symptom‐related parameters at either site and complete heartburn relief after 4 weeks, or cumulative complete heartburn relief after 8 weeks. However, post‐hoc analysis demonstrated more satisfactory heartburn relief after 4 weeks in patients with a high symptom index compared with those with a low symptom index, at 5 cm above the EGJ (P = 0.009). Cumulative satisfactory heartburn relief after 8 weeks was also greater in patients with a high total number of acid reflux episodes compared with those with a low total number of episodes, at 15 cm above the EGJ (P = 0.037).Conclusions:  Pre‐therapeutic pH monitoring in the lower and mid‐esophagus is useful for predicting the efficacy of PPI in NERD patients.
Developmental regulation of G protein‐gated inwardly‐rectifying K+(GIRK/Kir3) channel subunits in the brain
Authors: Fernández‐Alacid Laura , Watanabe Masahiko , Molnár Elek , Wickman Kevin , Luján Rafael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractG protein‐gated inwardly‐rectifying K+(GIRK/family 3 of inwardly‐rectifying K+) channels are coupled to neurotransmitter action and can play important roles in modulating neuronal excitability. We investigated the temporal and spatial expression of GIRK1, GIRK2 and GIRK3 subunits in the developing and adult brain of mice and rats using biochemical, immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic techniques. At all ages analysed, the overall distribution patterns of GIRK1‐3 were very similar, with high expression levels in the neocortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and thalamus. Focusing on the hippocampus, histoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that GIRK1‐3 protein levels increased with age, and this was accompanied by a shift in the subcellular localization of the subunits. Early in development (postnatal day 5), GIRK subunits were predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in the pyramidal cells, but by postnatal day 60 they were mostly found along the plasma membrane. During development, GIRK1 and GIRK2 were found primarily at postsynaptic sites, whereas GIRK3 was predominantly detected at presynaptic sites. In addition, GIRK1 and GIRK2 expression on the spine plasma membrane showed identical proximal‐to‐distal gradients that differed from GIRK3 distribution. Furthermore, although GIRK1 was never found within the postsynaptic density (PSD), the level of GIRK2 in the PSD progressively increased and GIRK3 did not change in the PSD during development. Together, these findings shed new light on the developmental regulation and subcellular diversity of neuronal GIRK channels, and support the contention that distinct subpopulations of GIRK channels exert separable influences on neuronal excitability. The ability to selectively target specific subpopulations of GIRK channels may prove effective in the treatment of disorders of excitability.
Unique somato‐dendritic distribution pattern of Kv4.2 channels on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells
Authors: Kerti Katalin , Lorincz Andrea , Nusser Zoltan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA‐type K+ current (IA) plays a critical role in controlling the excitability of pyramidal cell (PC) dendrites. In vitro dendritic patch‐pipette recordings have demonstrated a prominent, sixfold increase in IA density along the main apical dendrites of rat hippocampal CA1 PCs. In these cells, IA is mediated by Kv4.2 subunits, whose precise subcellular distribution and densities in small‐diameter oblique dendrites and dendritic spines are still unknown. Here we examined the densities of the Kv4.2 subunit in 13 axo‐somato‐dendritic compartments of CA1 PCs using a highly sensitive, high‐resolution quantitative immunogold localization method (sodium dodecyl sulphate‐digested freeze‐fracture replica‐labelling). Only an approximately 70% increase in Kv4.2 immunogold density was observed along the proximo‐distal axis of main apical dendrites in the stratum radiatum with a slight decrease in density in stratum lacunosum‐moleculare. A similar pattern was detected for all dendritic compartments, including main apical dendrites, small‐diameter oblique dendrites and dendritic spines. The specificity of the somato‐dendritic labelling was confirmed in Kv4.2−/− tissue. No specific immunolabelling for the Kv4.2 subunit was found in SNAP‐25‐containing presynaptic axons. Our results demonstrate a novel distribution pattern of a voltage‐gated ion channel along the somato‐dendritic surface of CA1 PCs, and suggest that the increase in the IA along the proximo‐distal axis of PC dendrites cannot be solely explained by a corresponding increase in Kv4.2 channel number.
Ovary structure and transovarial transmission of endosymbiotic microorganisms in Marchalina hellenica (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccomorpha: Marchalinidae)
Authors: Szklarzewicz Teresa , Kalandyk‐Kolodziejczyk Malgorzata , Kot Marta , Michalik Anna 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSzklarzewicz, T., Kalandyk‐Kolodziejczyk, M., Kot, M. and Michalik, A. 2011. Ovary structure and transovarial transmission of endosymbiotic microorganisms in Marchalina hellenica (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccomorpha: Marchalinidae). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00:1–9.The paired ovaries of Marchalina hellenica are composed of about 200 ovarioles of telotrophic type. In each ovariole, a trophic chamber, vitellarium and ovariolar stalk can be distinguished. The tropharia comprise trophocytes and early previtellogenic oocytes (termed arrested oocytes) or trophocytes only. The arrested oocytes are not capable of further development. In the vitellaria, single oocytes develop that are connected to the tropharium by means of broad nutritive cords. The number of germ cells (trophocytes and oocytes) constituting ovarioles is not constant and may range between 25 and 32. Numerous endosymbiotic bacteria occur in the cytoplasm of trophocytes. The endosymbionts are transported via nutritive cords to the developing oocyte. The obtained results are discussed in a phylogenetic context.
Spermatozoa ultrastructure of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata)
Authors: Braga André L. , Nakayama Cintia L. , Suita de Castro Luis A. , Wasielesky Wilson 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBraga, A.L., Nakayama, C.L., Suita de Castro, L.A. and Wasielesky, W. 2011. Spermatozoa ultrastructure of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00: 1–6.The spermatozoa ultrastructure of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis was investigated in this morphological study. Spermatophores and spermatozoa were analyzed by electron microscopy. The pink shrimp spermatophore is divided into two regions: the appendage and the spermatophore main body, where spermatozoa are grouped in a spermatic mass. Pink shrimp spermatozoa are unistellate and are composed of main body and single spike. The spermatozoa body comprises a perinuclear cytoplasmic band, nucleus, acrosomal cap, and subacrosomal region. The spermatozoa cell mean total length was 10.71 μm, the mean body diameter was 5.56 μm, and the mean spike length and diameter were 5.15 μm and 0.85 μm, respectively.
Reducing diarrhoeal diseases: lessons on sanitation from Ethiopia and Haiti
Authors: Wake M.M. , Tolessa C. 
Published: November 2011

WAKE M.M. & TOLESSA C. (2011) Reducing diarrhoeal diseases: lessons on sanitation from Ethiopia and Haiti. International Nursing Review59, 34–39Background:  Lack of basic sanitation is the root cause of the high incidence of diarrhoea and child mortality in developing countries. Nurses have unique opportunities to reduce the mortality associated with diarrhoeal diseases by going beyond treatment to primary prevention.Aim:  This article applies current literature on sanitation and examples from two countries to enable nurses to participate in or lead sanitation improvement and diarrhoea reduction.Methods:  Major reports on sanitation and websites for various governmental and non‐governmental organizations were reviewed for problems and strategies amenable to nursing action. Databases were searched for articles on the nursing role in sanitation using the keywords hygiene, sanitation, toilets, diarrhoea, hand washing and nurse. Concepts from the literature were integrated with experiences of nurses in two countries.Findings:  Several publications on sanitation improvement provided sufficient detail for nurses to utilize. No articles were found on the comprehensive role of nurses in sanitation. Community behaviour change in sanitation improvement was identified as critical in the literature and in the field.Conclusion:  While sanitation engineers and others may act to improve sanitation in a nation, they do not provide the ongoing health education needed for community behaviour change. Lessons from Ethiopia and Haiti show the value of community participation in sanitation planning, as well as the need for ongoing reinforcement. Nurses can save many lives by incorporating hygiene and sanitation strategies into their practice to reinforce efforts of others or to take leadership roles.
A comparison of the factors influencing life satisfaction between Korean older people living with family and living alone
Authors: Shin S.H. , Sok S.R. 
Published: November 2011

SHIN S.H. & SOK S.R. (2012) A comparison of the factors influencing life satisfaction between Korean older people living with family and living alone. International Nursing Review59, 252–258Background:  As the global population of older people continuously increases, many countries are beginning to experience health problems associated with older age. These countries may be interested in knowing and understanding the health problems experienced by the older Korean population, which is projected to age the most rapidly.Aim:  This study aimed to compare and examine the factors that influence the life satisfaction between older people living with their family and those living alone.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted. The participants comprised a total 300 older Koreans (150 living with their family, 150 living alone) aged 65 years or over who met the eligibility criteria. All measures were self‐administered. Data were analysed using the SAS statistical software program version 6.12 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).Results:  The older people living with their family were better than the older people living alone in perceived health status, self‐esteem, depression and life satisfaction. Perceived health status, self‐esteem, depression, age and monthly allowance were found to be the factors related to the life satisfaction of older people living with their family and those living alone. The factors that were found to have the greatest influence on the life satisfaction of older people living with their family and those living alone were depression and perceived health, respectively.Conclusions:  This study may help healthcare providers to understand the factors that can influence the life satisfaction among older people living with their family and living alone in Korea.
PERSPECTIVES ON TORTURE: Reports from a Dialogue Including Christian, Judaic, Islamic, and Feminist Viewpoints
Authors: Crane Jonathan K. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTTorture continues to be a pressing political issue in North America, yet religious scholarly reflection on the ethics of torture remains all but sidelined in public discourse for a variety of complex reasons. These reasons are explored—and critiqued—in this collection of reflections by Christian, Jewish, Muslim, and feminist religious ethicists. These scholars find that historical amnesia, forced if not twisted readings of classical texts and contemporary human rights instruments, and sociological factors are but a few of the factors challenging contemporary religious ethical discourse on torture.
TORTUROUS AMBIVALENCE: Judaic Struggles with Torture
Authors: Crane Jonathan K. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA surprising lack of consensus exists among contemporary Jewish scholars about Judaism's position vis‐à‐vis torture. Some claim that Judaism condones torture while others insist that Judaism condemns it. These diverging opinions on such a troubling practice suggest an ambivalence deep within the Judaic textual tradition about torturing bodies. This brief essay critiques both perspectives for twisting the textual tradition and offers some preliminary suggestions for a more robust Judaic approach to torture.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Equality of Sibling and Parent‐Offspring Risk of a Disease Endophenotype in Case Families
Authors: Sung Heejong , Mendell Nancy R. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA large number of linkage and association studies of complex diseases focus on analysis of a more common or more easily measured disease endophenotype. The motivation for this approach is that there is a pleiotropic locus common to both the disease and the endophenotype and that this locus is a major genetic determinant of the endophenotype. In this paper, we determine the conditions under which the risk of the endophenotype in siblings of affected probands with disease equals the risk of the endophenotype in the offspring (parents) of affected parents (offspring) with disease. In doing so we prove that this equality holds if and only if the penetrance of either the endophenotype or the disease (but not necessarily both) is additive.
Atypical timing and presentation of periventricular haemorrhagic infarction in preterm infants: the role of thrombophilia
Authors: HARTEMAN JOHANNA C , GROENENDAAL FLORIS , VAN HAASTERT INGRID C , LIEM KIAN D , STROINK HANS , BIERINGS MARC B , HUISMAN ALBERT , DE VRIES LINDA S 
Published: November 2011

Aim  Periventricular haemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) is a complication of preterm birth associated with cardiorespiratory instability. To date, the role of thrombophilia as a possible additional risk factor in infants with atypical timing and presentation of PVHI has not been investigated.Method  This was a retrospective cohort study of preterm infants who developed PVHI with an atypical timing and presentation either of antenatal onset or late in the postnatal course in the absence of a preceding sudden deterioration of their clinical condition. In infants with atypical PVHI mutation analysis of the factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin (G20210A) gene, and C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene was performed, and plasma lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine levels were measured.Results  Sixty‐two preterm infants who presented with a PVHI were studied. Seventeen had an atypical presentation (seven males, 10 females; median birthweight 1170g [range 580–1990g]; median gestational age 30.6wks [range 28.7–33.7wks]). The typical PVHI group comprised 28 males and 17 females (median birthweight 1200g [range 670–2210g]; median gestational age 29.6wks [range 25.3–33.6wks]). Among the 17 infants with atypical presentation, the factor V Leiden mutation was found in seven infants (41%) as well as in the mothers of six of these seven infants; in one infant this was concomitant with a prothrombin gene mutation. A polymorphism in the MTHFR gene was also present in these infants. In two infants with an atypical presentation who were tested for this, a mutation in the COL4A1 gene was found (reported previously). All but two of the infants with an atypical presentation developed spastic unilateral cerebral palsy.Interpretation  An atypical presentation of PVHI in preterm infants tends to occur more often in the presence of thrombophilia. Testing of thrombophilia, especially factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation, is recommended in these infants.
Paracetamol and opioid pathways: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pickering Gisèle , Moustafa Fares , Desbrandes Stephanie , Michel Cardot J. , Roux Delphine , Dubray Claude 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that the antinociceptive action of paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) might involve descending inhibitory pain pathways and the opioidergic system: this study explores this issue in humans with naloxone, the opioid antagonist. After ethical approval, 12 healthy male volunteers were included in this randomized, controlled, double‐blind, crossover, four‐arm study. They were administered intravenous paracetamol (APAP 1 g) or saline (placebo, pl) followed at 100 min with IV naloxone (Nal 8 mg) or saline, every week for 4 weeks. The amplitude of cerebral potentials evoked by thermal/painful stimuli applied on the arm was recorded nine times over 150 min, witnessing of pain integration at central level. Amplitude changes as well as areas under the curve (AUCs) over 150 min were compared for the four treatments by repeated measures anova (significance 0.05). Amplitude changes were significant for APAP/pl vs. pl/pl at t150: −44% (95%CI −58 to −30) vs. −27% (95%CI −37 to −17; P < 0.05) but not vs. APAP/Nal. AUC (0–150) of APAP/pl is significantly different from pl/pl (−3452%.min (95%CI −4705 to −2199) vs. −933% min (95%CI −2273 to 407; P = 0.015) but not from APAP/Nal (−1731% min (95%CI −3676 to 214; P = 0.08) and other treatments. AUC (90–150) is not significantly different. This pilot study shows for the first time in human volunteers that naloxone does not inhibit paracetamol antinociception, suggesting no significant implication of the opioid system in paracetamol mechanism of action: this needs be confirmed on a larger number of subjects.
The Impact of Hospital Mergers on Treatment Intensity and Health Outcomes
Authors: Hayford Tamara B. 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of hospital mergers on treatment intensity and health outcomes.DataHospital inpatient data from California for 1990 through 2006, encompassing 40 mergers.Study DesignI used a geographic‐based IV approach to determine the effect of a zip code's exposure to a merger. The merged facility's market share represents exposure, instrumented with combined premerge shares. Additional specifications include Herfindahl Index (HHI), instrumented with predicted change in HHI.ResultsThe primary specification results indicate that merger completion is associated with a 3.7 percent increase in the utilization of bypass surgery and angioplasty and a 1.7 percent increase in inpatient mortality above averages in 2000 for the average zip code. Isolating the competition mechanism mutes the treatment intensity result slightly, but it more than doubles the merger exposure effect on inpatient mortality to a 3.9 percent increase. The competition mechanism is associated with a sizeable increase in number of procedures.ConclusionsUnlike previous studies, this analysis finds that hospital mergers are associated with increased treatment intensity and higher inpatient mortality rates among heart disease patients. Access to additional outcome measures such as 30‐day mortality and readmission rates might shed additional light on whether the relationship between these outcomes is causal.
Nursing Home Work Environment and the Risk of Pressure Ulcers and Incontinence
Authors: Temkin‐Greener Helena , Cai Shubing , Zheng Nan Tracy , Zhao Hongwei , Mukamel Dana B. 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveTo examine the association between nursing home (NH) work environment attributes such as teams, consistent assignment and staff cohesion, and the risk of pressure ulcers and incontinence.Data Sources/SettingMinimum dataset for 46,044 residents in 162 facilities in New York State, for June 2006–July 2007, and survey responses from 7,418 workers in the same facilities.Study DesignFor each individual and facility, primary and secondary data were linked. Random effects logistic models were used to develop/validate outcome measures. Generalized estimating equation models with robust standard errors and probability weights were employed to examine the association between outcomes and work environment attributes. Key independent variables were staff cohesion, percent staff in daily care teams, and percent staff with consistent assignment. Other facility factors were also included.Principal FindingsResidents in facilities with worse staff cohesion had significantly greater odds of pressure ulcers and incontinence, compared with residents in facilities with better cohesion scores. Residents in facilities with greater penetration of self‐managed teams had lower risk of pressure ulcers, but not of incontinence. Prevalence of consistent assignment was not significantly associated with the outcome measures.ConclusionsNH environments and management practices influence residents’ health outcomes. These findings provide important lessons for administrators and regulators interested in promoting NH quality improvement.
Acute hyperammonemia after L‐asparaginase administration in a dog
Authors: Lyles Sarah E. , Kow Kelvin , Milner Rowan J. , Buckley Gareth J. , Bandt Carsten , Baxter Katie J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a previously unreported and potentially fatal complication of L‐asparaginase (L‐asp) administration in a dog.Case SummaryA 7‐year‐old, 6.6 kg, female spayed Beagle presented with a 1‐week history of progressive inappetance and lethargy. Diagnostic tests identified the presence of stage Vb lymphoma and liver dysfunction. The dog was treated with L‐asp at 400 IU/kg, corticosteroids, and IV fluids. Within 12 hours the dog became depressed, vomited, and developed abdominal pain. Within 24 hours, the dog's mentation progressed from obtunded to comatose; subsequently the dog developed a “decerebrate posture.” Blood ammonia concentrations exceeded 1,000 μmol/L (1,700 μg/dL). Treatment with broad‐spectrum antimicrobials, lactulose enemas, and continuous renal replacement therapy were initiated without response and the dog suffered cardiopulmonary arrest.New or Unique Information ProvidedThe purpose of this report is to describe the development of severe hyperammonemia after L‐asp therapy in a dog, which has not been previously reported in the literature. Given the rapid progression and fatal outcome observed in this case, early recognition may be crucial for management and treatment of this complication.