bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid reduction of hepatitis C virus‐Core protein in the peripheral blood improve the immunological response in chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Kondo Yasuteru , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Wakui Yuta , Ninomiya Masashi , Kakazu Eiji , Inoue Jun , Kobayashi Koju , Obara Noriyuki , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  The extracellular hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐antigen, including HCV‐Core protein, can suppress immune cells. Recently, the efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) was reported. However, the mechanism of efficacy of DFPP might not be only the reduction of HCV but also the effect of immune cells via direct and/or indirect mechanisms. The aim of this study is to analyze the virological and immunological parameters of difficult‐to‐treat HCV patients treated with DFPP combined with Peg‐interferon and RBV (DFPP/Peg‐IFN/RBV) therapy.Methods:  Twelve CHC patients were enrolled and treated with DFPP/Peg‐IFN/RBV therapy. The immunological, virological and genetic parameters were studied.Results:  All patients (4/4) treated with the major IL28B allele (T/T) could achieve complete early virological response (EVR). The amounts of HCV‐Core antigen in the peripheral blood of EVR patients treated with DFPP/Peg‐IFN/RBV rapidly declined in comparison to those of late virological response (LVR) patients treated with DFPP/Peg‐IFN/RBV and EVR patients treated with Peg‐IFN and RBV (Peg‐IFN/RBV). The amount of IFN‐γ produced from peripheral blood gradually increased. On the other hand, the amount of IL10 gradually decreased in the EVR patients. The frequencies of HCV‐Core binding on CD3+ T cells rapidly declined in EVR patients treated with DFPP/Peg‐IFN/RBV therapy. Moreover, the distributions of activated CD4+and CD8+ T cells and CD16‐CD56 high natural killer cells were significantly changed between before and after DFPP.Conclusions:  The rapid reduction of HCV‐Core antigens and changes in the distribution of lymphoid cells could contribute to the favorable immunological response during DFPP/Peg‐IFN/RBV therapy.
The Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Lipophilic Formulation of Methimazole for the Once Daily Transdermal Treatment of Cats with Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Hill K.E. , Gieseg M.A. , Kingsbury D. , Lopez‐Villalobos N. , Bridges J. , Chambers P. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundPrevious studies on transdermal methimazole have used pluronic lecithin organogel as the vehicle. This might not be the most suitable vehicle for a lipophilic drug, such as methimazole.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOnce daily transdermal administration of a novel lipophilic formulation of methimazole is as safe and effective as oral carbimazole in treating hyperthyroidism in cats.AnimalsForty‐five client‐owned cats diagnosed with hyperthyroidism.MethodsProspective study. Cats with newly diagnosed, untreated hyperthyroidism were treated with carbimazole (5 mgPO, q12h) or methimazole (10 mg) applied to the inner pinnae q24h. Cats were examined after 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Clinical signs, body weight, systolic blood pressure, hematologic, serum biochemical and urine parameters, total serum thyroxine concentrations (TT4), and serum methimazole concentrations were recorded.ResultsNo significant differences between groups were detected at day 0. Both formulations were effective in treating hyperthyroidism. No significant differences were detected in thyroxine concentrations, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and urine specific gravity (USG) between groups. The serum methimazole concentrations correlated poorly withTT4‐concentrations in both groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn this 12‐week trial, once daily application of a novel formulation of transdermal methimazole applied to the pinnae was as effective and safe as twice daily oral carbimazole in the treatment of cats with hyperthyroidism. This novel formulation and transdermal application could have practical advantages to some pet owners.
Association between Body Condition and Survival in Dogs with Acquired Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Parker V.J. , Freeman L.M. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundObesity in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with longer survival. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between body condition score (BCS) and survival in dogs with CKD.Hypothesis/ObjectivesHigher BCS is a predictor of prolonged survival in dogs with CKD.AnimalsOne hundred dogs were diagnosed with CKD (International Renal Interest Society stages II, III or IV) between 2008 and 2009.MethodsRetrospective case review. Data regarding initial body weight and BCS, clinicopathologic values and treatments were collected from medical records and compared with survival times.ResultsFor dogs with BCS recorded (n = 72), 13 were underweight (BCS = 1–3; 18%), 49 were moderate (BCS = 4–6; 68%), and 10 were overweight (BCS = 7–9; 14%). For dogs with at least 2 body weights recorded (n = 77), 21 gained weight, 47 lost weight, and 9 had no change in weight. Dogs classified as underweight at the time of diagnosis (median survival = 25 days) had a significantly shorter survival time compared to that in both moderate (median survival = 190 days; P < .001) and overweight dogs (median survival = 365 days; P < .001). There was no significant difference in survival between moderate and overweight dogs (P = .95).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHigher BCS at the time of diagnosis was significantly associated with improved survival. Further research on the effects of body composition could enhance the management of dogs with CKD.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion by direct stimulation of L cells with luminal sugar vs non‐nutritive sweetener
Authors: Sakurai Kenichi , Lee Eun Young , Morita Asuka , Kimura Sadao , Kawamura Harukiyo , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Shiiba Masashi , Yabe Daisuke , Yokote Koutaro , Miki Takashi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Oral ingestion of carbohydrate triggers secretion of glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1, which inhibits the postprandial rise in blood glucose levels. However, the mechanism of carbohydrate‐induced GLP‐1 secretion from enteroendocrine L cells remains unclear. In the present study, GLP‐1 secretion was examined by meal tolerance tests of healthy Japanese volunteers.Materials and Methods:  Twenty‐one healthy Japanese men participated in the study. The meal tolerance test was performed with modified nutrient compositions, with or without pretreatment with the α‐glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, or with substitution of sucrose with an equivalent dose of sweeteners in the meal. Blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, GLP‐1, and apolipoprotein (Apo) B‐48 were measured.Results:  GLP‐1 secretion started concomitant with the increase in blood glucose levels 10 min after meal ingestion. Insulin secretion started at 5 min, before the increase in blood glucose levels, reflecting the contribution of direct nutrient stimulation on the former parameter and neural regulation in the latter. Carbohydrate retention in the gut lumen induced by acarbose pretreatment extended postprandial GLP‐1 secretion and negated the increase in serum ApoB‐48 levels. GLP‐1 secretion was markedly decreased by a reduction in the amount of sucrose in the meal and was not restored by an equivalent dose of sweeteners used to compensate for the sweet taste.Conclusions:  The results indicate that direct stimulation of L cells with sugar, but not sweetener, is required for carbohydrate‐induced GLP‐1 secretion. In addition, inhibition of digestion of dietary carbohydrate by α‐glucosidase inhibitors may prevent postprandial hyperglycemia by increasing GLP‐1 secretion and by inhibiting glucose absorption. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00163.x, 2011)
Infertility in a mare with a chronic uterine tear, diagnosis and successful standing hand‐assisted laparoscopic repair
Authors: McNally T. P. , Rodgerson D. H. , Lu K. G. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryUterine rupture is a well recognised and potentially fatal complication in theperipartumbroodmare. This case report describes a 16 month history of infertility as the sole clinical sign in a Thoroughbred mare, subsequently diagnosed with a full thickness uterine tear. The clinical course, standing laparoscopically assisted repair and outcome are discussed.
What motivates girls to take up exercise during adolescence? Learning from those who succeed
Authors: Gillison Fiona , Sebire Simon , Standage Martyn 
Published: September 2011

Objectives. The present study explored factors that underpin increased internalization (i.e., perceived autonomy) in motivation towards exercise over a 1‐year period in adolescent girls.Design. A mixed methods prospective study.Methods. A total of 107 girls (mean age = 13.28 years) reported their exercise behaviour, exercise goals, and a multidimensional measure of motivation towards exercise on two occasions, 1 year apart. Ten girls reporting increased autonomous motivation were then interviewed.Results. Two themes were extracted; growing up and seeking challenge. Most participants reported being more interested in exercising for their health as a result of growing up, through having greater understanding of the health‐behaviour link and willingness to act now for future health gain. However, their motivation appeared to be only partially internalized, as health was still viewed primarily as a value promoted by respected others (parents, teachers, media). Furthermore, as many girls conflated being healthy with being thin, health for appearance‐related weight control was experienced as an extrinsic (controlling) goal. The second theme was more suggestive of autonomous motivation; girls reported valuing exercise for the opportunity it provides to set and achieve personally meaningful challenges, facilitating a sense of competence and achievement.Conclusions. The findings may have a useful application in suggesting how exercise settings could be manipulated to increase enjoyment and participation during adolescence. In particular, the findings suggest that means of increasing the salience of the rewarding nature of setting and reaching personal challenges in an exercise setting are investigated.
Cluster algebras via cluster categories with infinite-dimensional morphism spaces
Authors: Plamondon Pierre-Guy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe apply our previous work on cluster characters for Hom-infinite cluster categories to the theory of cluster algebras. We give a new proof of Conjectures 5.4, 6.13, 7.2, 7.10 and 7.12 of Fomin and Zelevinsky’s Cluster algebras IV [Compositio Math. 143 (2007), 112–164] for skew-symmetric cluster algebras. We also construct an explicit bijection sending certain objects of the cluster category to the decorated representations of Derksen, Weyman and Zelevinsky, and show that it is compatible with mutations in both settings. Using this map, we give a categorical interpretation of the E-invariant and show that an arbitrary decorated representation with vanishing E-invariant is characterized by its g-vector. Finally, we obtain a substitution formula for cluster characters of not necessarily rigid objects.
Less is more. Possible ways to improve tuition of the recovery position
Authors: Joshi Mary Sissons , Lamb Roger 
Published: September 2011

AimTo identify what 10–11-year-old children do and do not learn during a 10 min session teaching the recovery position, with a view to suggesting possible improvements in training.MethodsParticipants were 148 boys and 144 girls. Before intervention, safety knowledge was assessed in a pencil and paper test. 198 children were taught the recovery position at a safety education centre. Three months later, their attempts to leave a casualty in a safe position were observed, and compared with the attempts of 94 children who had not received training.Results19% of the control group and 31% of trained children successfully placed a casualty in the recovery position. Only two of the seven standard routine moves were used by more than 50% of trained children, namely raise the casualty's leg to a flexed position, roll the casualty on to his/her side. Even when performed, these and other individual moves were often not integrated into an effective routine.ConclusionsThe implication is that in a short session it is over-ambitious to attempt to teach a complex routine. It is more realistic to focus on a few moves which are easily learnt. The present results suggest that these should be flexing the leg and rolling the casualty on to his/her side. In this study, simply improving the participants' performance of these two moves could increase the number of learners who are successful from less than a third to nearly 50%.
Iatrogenic dissection during neurointerventional procedures: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Paramasivam Srinivasan , Leesch Wolfgang , Fifi Johanna , Ortiz Rafael , Niimi Yasunari , Berenstein Alejandro 
Published: September 2011

IntroductionRetrospective analysis of patients suffering iatrogenic dissection during neurointervention is reported. The circumstances surrounding the occurrence, early detection, clinical course and management options are discussed.Methods and results18 iatrogenic dissections over 11 years were retrospectively analyzed. Data were gathered from patient records, run sheets, morbidity records and imaging studies. All procedures were done by operators trained to operate according to institution standards. Total cases were 6981, with 3925 angiograms and 3056 interventions. Incidence was 0.26%, with 0.25% during diagnostic and 0.26% during intervention. 1031 pediatric cases had no dissections. Beyond 35 years, dissection rate increased to 0.35%. There was no difference between men and women. Carotid dissection was more common than vertebral. Most were minimal intimal tear (67%) and others flow limiting (33%). All cases were managed with heparin in the acute stage and later with aspirin and Plavix or Coumadin, except in two cases. Cases having >70% luminal narrowing with poor intracranial cross circulation were stented. None presented with neurologic deficits acutely or on follow-up. 94% of patients were followed for a variable period, with variable imaging modalities, being a retrospective study. Angiogram, MRI brain with MR angiography (MRA), Doppler ultrasonogram and CT angiograms were used for follow-up. There was good outcome in 94% of the followed-up cases.ConclusionIatrogenic dissection is a random event with a benign clinical course. Early detection and aggressive management result in excellent outcome. Angiography is the best modality to follow-up. Non-invasive imaging like MRI with MRA and duplex ultrasonography are good tools to follow dissections.
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition in bicarbonate solution catalyzed by divalent manganese species*This article has a companion paper in this issue (doi: 10.1139/v11-078).
Authors: Attiogbe Francis K. , Francis Raymond C. 
Published: September 2011

The peroxymonocarbonate mono- and di-anions (HCO4– and CO42–) are known to be generated from H2O2/HCO3–. They are promising oxidants for wood pulp bleaching, but peroxide decomposition catalyzed by Mn(II) species may be significant for pulp samples with unusually high Mn contents. This investigation aimed to see if HCO3– addition caused destabilization of the peroxygen system owing to its partial conversion to HCO4–. This anionic peracid is a much stronger oxidant than H2O2 and could lead to a higher rate of Mn(II) oxidation to Mn(III) and (or) Mn(IV). For most free radical chain mechanisms, an increase in Mn(II) oxidation results in a higher rate of peroxide decomposition. Peroxide decomposition catalyzed by Mn(II) was investigated in H2O2/HCO3 in the pH ranges 8.5–8.7 and 7.4–7.9. The rate equation for peroxide decomposition was first order in [H2O2] and [Mn(II)] in both pH ranges, but close to second order in [HCO3–] in the higher pH range and close to third order in the lower pH range. Free radical chain mechanisms were proposed for both pH ranges and with all the correct reaction orders. Contrary to mechanisms previously proposed, it was concluded that HCO4– is the principal oxidizer of Mn(II) in the pH 7.4–7.9 range.
A theoretical study of bipolar organic transport material: Disilanyl double-pillared bisanthracene (SiDPBA)
Authors: Yang Gui-Xia , Fan Hai-Lin , Niu Xiao-Di , Huang Zong-Hao 
Published: September 2011

A novel anthracene derivative, disilanyl double-pillared bisanthracene (SiDPBA), has been recently synthesized, which effectively functions as a bipolar carrier transport material in OLEDs. Its charge transport properties have been systemically investigated by band model and hopping model. Band structure calculations of SiDPBA show that the dispersions of the larger valence band and conduction band are comparable, which demonstrates that both electron and hole are favoured for transport, and that SiDPBA has the potential to be used as bipolar transport material from the viewpoint of band model. The density of states and transfer integrals in the main pathways show that it is the edge-to-face CH···π interaction that determines the charge transport property, and that the SiMe2 group contibutes little to it. The calculated charge mobilities of holes and electrons are 0.461 and 0.116 cm2·V–1·s–1, respectively. They are the same order of magnitude, and the electron mobility is on the order of magnitude of perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (PBI) derivatives (0.34 cm2·V–1·s–1). Both models demonstrate that ·SiDPBA has the potential to be used as a bipolar transport material.
Revisit of Field Cancerization in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Upper Aerodigestive Tract: Better Risk Assessment with Epigenetic Markers
Authors: Lee Yi-Chia , Wang Hsiu-Po , Wang Cheng-Ping , Ko Jenq-Yuh , Lee Jang-Ming , Chiu Han-Mo , Lin Jaw-Town , Yamashita Satoshi , Oka Daiji , Watanabe Naoko , Matsuda Yasunori , Ushijima Toshikazu , Wu Ming-Shiang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe quantified field cancerization of squamous cell carcinoma in the upper aerodigestive tract with epigenetic markers and evaluated their performance for risk assessment. Methylation levels were analyzed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR of biopsied specimens from a training set of 255 patients and a validation set of 224 patients. We also measured traditional risk factors based on demographics, lifestyle, serology, genetic polymorphisms, and endoscopy. The methylation levels of four markers increased stepwise, with the lowest levels in normal esophageal mucosae from healthy subjects without carcinogen exposure, then normal mucosae from healthy subjects with carcinogen exposure, then normal mucosae from cancer patients, and the highest levels were in cancerous mucosae (P &lt; 0.05). Cumulative exposure to alcohol increased methylation of homeobox A9 in normal mucosae (P &lt; 0.01). Drinkers had higher methylation of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 and metallothionein 1M (P &lt; 0.05), and users of betel quid had higher methylation of homeobox A9 (P = 0.01). Smokers had increased methylation of all four markers (P &lt; 0.05). Traditional risk factors allowed us to discriminate between patients with and without cancers with 74% sensitivity (95% CI: 67%–81%), 74% specificity (66%–82%), and 80% area under the curve (67%–91%); epigenetic markers in normal esophageal mucosa had values of 74% (69%–79%), 75% (67%–83%), and 83% (79%–87%); and both together had values of 82% (76%–88%), 81% (74%–88%), and 91% (88%–94%). Epigenetic markers done well in the validation set with 80% area under the curve (73%–85%). We concluded that epigenetics could improve the accuracies of risk assessment. Cancer Prev Res; 4(12); 1982–92. ©2011 AACR.
Dietary Energy Balance Modulates Prostate Cancer Progression in Hi-Myc Mice
Authors: Blando Jorge , Moore Tricia , Hursting Stephen , Jiang Guiyu , Saha Achinto , Beltran Linda , Shen Jianjun , Repass John , Strom Sara , DiGiovanni John 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Male Hi-Myc mice were placed on three dietary regimens [30% calorie restriction (CR), overweight control (modified AIN76A with 10 kcal% fat), and a diet-induced obesity regimen (DIO) 60 kcal% fat]. All diet groups had approximately similar incidence of hyperplasia and low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the ventral prostate at 3 and 6 months of age. However, 30% CR significantly reduced the incidence of in situ adenocarcinomas at 3 months compared with the DIO group and at 6 months compared with both the overweight control and DIO groups. Furthermore, the DIO regimen significantly increased the incidence of adenocarcinoma with aggressive stromal invasion, as compared with the overweight control group (96% vs. 65%, respectively; P = 0.02) at the 6-month time point. In addition, at both 3 and 6 months, only in situ carcinomas were observed in mice maintained on the 30% CR diet. Relative to overweight control, DIO increased whereas 30% CR reduced activation of Akt, mTORC1, STAT3, and NFκB (p65) in ventral prostate. DIO also significantly increased (and 30% CR decreased) numbers of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in the ventral prostate compared with overweight control. The mRNA levels for interleukin (IL) 1α, IL1β, IL6, IL7, IL23, IL27, NFκB1 (p50), TNFα, and VEGF family members were significantly increased in the ventral prostate of the DIO group compared with both the overweight control and 30% CR diet groups. Collectively, these findings suggest that enhanced growth factor (Akt/mTORC1 and STAT3) and inflammatory (NFκB and cytokines) signaling may play a role in dietary energy balance effects on prostate cancer progression in Hi-Myc mice. Cancer Prev Res; 4(12); 2002–14. ©2011 AACR.
Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents Show Superiority to Balloon Angioplasty and Bare Metal Stents in Femoropopliteal Disease
Authors: Dake Michael D. , Ansel Gary M. , Jaff Michael R. , Ohki Takao , Saxon Richard R. , Smouse H. Bob , Zeller Thomas , Roubin Gary S. , Burket Mark W. , Khatib Yazan , Snyder Scott A. , Ragheb Anthony O. , White J. King , Machan Lindsay S. 
Published: September 2011

Background—
Sustained benefits of drug-eluting stents in femoropopliteal arteries have not been demonstrated. This prospective, multinational, randomized study was designed to compare the 12-month safety and effectiveness of a polymer-free, paclitaxel-coated nitinol drug-eluting stent (DES) with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and provisional bare metal stent (BMS) placement in patients with femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease.

Methods and Results—

Patients were randomly assigned to primary DES implantation (n=236) or PTA (n=238). Demographics and lesion characteristics were similar between groups (eg, average lesion length, approximately 65±40 mm). One hundred twenty patients had acute PTA failure and underwent secondary random assignment to provisional DES (n=61) or BMS (n=59). Primary end points were the 12-month rates of event-free survival and patency in the primary DES and PTA groups. Compared with the PTA group, the primary DES group exhibited superior 12-month event-free survival (90.4% versus 82.6%;
P
=0.004) and primary patency (83.1% versus 32.8%;
P
<0.001), satisfying the primary hypotheses. In the secondary evaluations, (1) the primary DES group exhibited superior clinical benefit compared with the PTA group (88.3% versus 75.8%;
P
<0.001), (2) the provisional DES group exhibited superior primary patency (89.9% versus 73.0%;
P
=0.01) and superior clinical benefit (90.5% and 72.3%,
P
=0.009) compared with the provisional BMS group, and (3) the stent fracture rate (both DES and BMS) was 0.9% (4/457).

Conclusions—
Femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease treatment with the paclitaxel-eluting stent was associated with superior 12-month outcomes compared with PTA and provisional BMS placement.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00120406.