bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing temperature‐induced proteomic changes in the plant‐associated bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25
Authors: Knight C. G. , Zhang X. X. , Gunn A. , Brenner T. , Jackson R. W. , Giddens S. R. , Prabhakar S. , Zitzmann N. , Rainey P. B. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryTraits used by bacteria to enhance ecological performance in natural environments are not well understood. Recognizing that the saprophytic plant‐colonizing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 experiences temperatures in its natural environment significantly cooler than the 28°C routinely used in the laboratory, we identified proteins differentially expressed between 28°C and the more environmentally relevant temperature of 14°C. Of 2102 protein isoforms, 32 were temperature responsive and identified by mass spectrometry. Seven of these (OmpR, MucD, GuaD, OsmY and three of unknown function, Tee1, Tee2 and Tee3) were selected for genetic and ecological analyses. In each instance, changes in protein expression with temperature were mirrored by parallel transcriptional changes. The fitness contribution of the genes encoding each of the seven proteins was larger at 14°C than 28°C and included two cases of trade‐offs (enhanced fitness at one temperature and reduced fitness at the other –mucD and tee2 deletions). The relationship between the fitness effects of genes in vitro and in vivo was variable, but two temperature‐responsive genes –osmY and mucD– contribute substantially to the ability of P. fluorescens to colonize the plant environment.
Anguibactin‐ versus vanchrobactin‐mediated iron uptake in Vibrio anguillarum: evolution and ecology of a fish pathogen
Authors: Lemos Manuel L. , Balado Miguel , Osorio Carlos R. 
Published: December 2009

Summary Vibrio anguillarum is a marine bacterium that is present in many marine aquatic environments and that is the main cause of vibriosis in diverse wild and cultured fish species. Two siderophore‐mediated iron uptake systems have been described in V. anguillarum. One, mediated by the siderophore anguibactin, is encoded by the pJM1‐type plasmids and is restricted to serotype O1 strains. The second one is mediated by the vanchrobactin siderophore and is widespread in many strains belonging to different serotypes. Both siderophores belong to the catecholate group of siderophores, sharing a 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid moiety. Vanchrobactin biosynthesis and transport genes are present in all strains examined although the siderophore is not produced in serotype O1 strains harbouring a pJM1‐type plasmid. In these strains the insertion of an IS element in the main vanchrobactin biosynthetic gene vabF leads to the fact that only anguibactin is produced. From our current knowledge we can presume that vanchrobactin is the ancestral siderophore in this species and that the anguibactin‐mediated system was later acquired during evolution, likely by horizontal transfer. The role of these two different iron uptake mechanisms in the biology, evolution and ecology of V. anguillarum is discussed although they are still far from being completely understood.
Biosurfactants in plant–Pseudomonas interactions and their importance to biocontrol
Authors: D'aes Jolien , De Maeyer Katrien , Pauwelyn Ellen , Höfte Monica 
Published: December 2009

SummaryProduction of biosurfactants is a common feature in bacteria, and in particular in plant‐associated species. These bacteria include many plant beneficial and plant pathogenic Pseudomonas spp., which produce primarily cyclic lipopeptide and rhamnolipid type biosurfactants. Pseudomonas‐derived biosurfactants are involved in many important bacterial functions. By modifying surface properties, biosurfactants can influence common traits such as surface motility, biofilm formation and colonization. Biosurfactants can alter the bio‐availability of exogenous compounds, such as nutrients, to promote their uptake, and of endogenous metabolites, including phenazine antibiotics, resulting in an enhanced biological activity. Antibiotic activity of biosurfactants towards microbes could play a role in intraspecific competition, self‐defence and pathogenesis. In addition, bacterial surfactants can affect plants in different ways, either protecting them from disease, or acting as a toxin in a plant–pathogen interaction. Biosurfactants are involved in the biocontrol activity of an increasing number of Pseudomonas strains. Consequently, further insight into the roles and activities of surfactants produced by bacteria could provide means to optimize the use of biological control as an alternative crop protection strategy.
Identification of Pathogenic
Nocardia
Species by Reverse Line Blot Hybridization Targeting the 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA Gene Spacer Regions
Authors: Xiao Meng , Kong Fanrong , Sorrell Tania C. , Cao Yongyan , Lee Ok Cha , Liu Ying , Sintchenko Vitali , Chen Sharon C. A. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Although 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis is employed most often for the definitive identification of
Nocardia
species, alternate molecular methods and polymorphisms in other gene targets have also enabled species determinations. We evaluated a combined
Nocardia
PCR-based reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization assay based on 16S and 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region polymorphisms to identify 12 American Type Culture Collection and 123 clinical
Nocardia
isolates representing 14 species; results were compared with results from 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Thirteen 16S rRNA gene-based (two group-specific and 11 species-specific) and five 16S-23S spacer-targeted (two taxon-specific and three species-specific) probes were utilized. 16S rRNA gene-based probes correctly identified 124 of 135 isolates (sensitivity, 92%) but were unable to identify
Nocardia paucivorans
strains (
n
= 10 strains) and a
Nocardia asteroides
isolate with a novel 16S rRNA gene sequence.
Nocardia farcinica
and
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica
strains were identified by the sequential use of an
N. farcinica
-“negative” probe and a combined
N. farcinica
/
N. cyriacigeorgica
probe. The assay specificity was high (99%) except for weak cross-reactivity between the
Nocardia brasiliensis
probe with the
Nocardia thailandica
DNA product; however, cross-hybridization with closely related nontarget species may occur. The incorporation of 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer-based probes enabled the identification of all
N. paucivorans
strains. The overall sensitivity using both probe sets was >99%. Both
N. farcinica
-specific 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer-directed probes were required to identify all
N. farcinica
stains by using this probe set. The study demonstrates the utility of a combined PCR/RLB assay for the identification of clinically relevant
Nocardia
species and its potential for studying subtypes of
N. farcinica
. Where species assignment is ambiguous or not possible, 16S rRNA gene sequencing is recommended.
Bacteremia Due to
Acinetobacter
Genomic Species 10
Authors: Kuo Shu-Chen , Fung Chang-Phone , Lee Yi-Tzu , Chen Chien-Pei , Chen Te-Li 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Six patients with
Acinetobacter
genomic species 10 bacteremia were identified. The clinical features of the patients, phenotypic and genotypic identifications, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and genes flanking IS
Aba1
of the bacteria were described. The results revealed that this bacterium is a potentially lethal pathogen that can cause health care-associated infections in debilitated patients.
Murine Cytomegalovirus US22 Protein pM140 Protects Its Binding Partner, pM141, from Proteasome-Dependent but Ubiquitin-Independent Degradation
Authors: Bolin Lisa L. , Hanson Laura K. , Slater Jacquelyn S. , Kerry Julie A. , Campbell Ann E. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT
Stable assembly of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) virions in differentiated macrophages is dependent upon the expression of US22 family gene M140. The M140 protein (pM140) exists in complex with products of neighboring US22 genes. Here we report that pM140 protects its binding partner, pM141, from ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation. Protection is conferred by a stabilization domain mapping to amino acids 306 to 380 within pM140, and this domain is functionally independent from the region that confers binding of pM140 to pM141. The M140 protein thus contains multiple domains that collectively confer a structure necessary to function in virion assembly in macrophages.
Interferon-Induced Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection Correlates with Enhanced Tissue-Specific Innate Immune Cell Infiltration and Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression
Authors: Diaz-San Segundo Fayna , Moraes Mauro P. , de los Santos Teresa , Dias Camila C. A. , Grubman Marvin J. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTPreviously, we demonstrated that type I interferon (IFN-α/β) or a combination of IFN-α/β and type II IFN (IFN-γ) delivered by a replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vector protected swine when challenged 1 day later with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of protection induced by IFNs, we inoculated groups of six swine with Ad5-vectors containing these genes, challenged 1 day later and euthanized 2 animals from each group prior to (1 day postinoculation [dpi]) and at 1 (2 dpi) and 6 days postchallenge (7 dpi). Blood, skin, and lymphoid tissues were examined for IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) induction and infiltration by innate immune cells. All IFN-inoculated animals had delayed and decreased clinical signs and viremia compared to the controls, and one animal in the IFN-α treated group did not develop disease. At 1 and 2 dpi the groups inoculated with the IFNs had increased numbers of dendritic cells and natural killer cells in the skin and lymph nodes, respectively, as well as increased levels of several ISGs compared to the controls. In particular, all tissues examined from IFN-treated groups had significant upregulation of the chemokine 10-kDa IFN-γ-inducible protein 10, and preferential upregulation of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase, Mx1, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. There was also upregulation of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and macrophage inflammatory protein 3α in the skin. These data suggest that there is a complex interplay between IFN-induced immunomodulatory and antiviral activities in protection of swine against FMDV.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Glycoproteins B and K8.1 Regulate Virion Egress and Synthesis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Viral Interleukin-6 in BCBL-1 Cells
Authors: Subramanian R. , Sehgal I. , D'Auvergne O. , Kousoulas K. G. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTKaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral glycoproteins play important roles in the infectious life cycle and have been implicated in KSHV-associated endothelial cell transformation, angiogenesis, and KS-induced malignancies. KSHV-associated primary effusion lymphomas (PELs) secrete high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6)in vitroand VEGF, vIL-6, and basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) in mouse xenografts. KSHV-encoded glycoproteins B (gB) and K8.1 stimulate VEGF secretion, most likely mediated by direct or indirect binding to cell surface receptors, including the gB-specific αVβ3 and α3β1 integrins. In this study, the short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of either gB or K8.1 transcription by anti-gB or -K8.1 siRNAs caused a substantial reduction in virion egress and a decrease in both vIL-6 and VEGF production. Similarly, the treatment of BCBL-1 cells with anti-gB or anti-K8.1 antibodies caused a substantial reduction in vIL-6 and VEGF production. Codon-optimized versions of either wild-type gB, mutant gB having the RGD amino acid motif changed to RAA, or K8.1 efficiently rescued virion egress and VEGF and vIL-6 production. These results suggest that the binding of gB via its RGD motif to integrin receptors was not responsible for the observed gB-associated regulation of VEGF and vIL-6 transcription. Conditioned medium collected from BCBL-1 cells transfected with anti-gB and anti-K8.1 siRNAs or treated with anti-gB and anti-K8.1 antibodies exhibited a significantly reduced ability to induce the formation of the capillary network of endothelial cells compared to the ability of medium from mock-infected BCBl-1 cells. Furthermore, medium obtained from BCBL-1 cells expressing smaller amounts of gB and K8.1 produced a substantial reduction in endothelial cell migration in a vertical migration assay compared to that of control medium containing wild-type levels of gB and K8.1. These results suggest a functional linkage between gB/K8.1 synthesis and VEGF/vIL-6 transcriptional regulation via paracrine and/or autocrine signaling pathways.
Nucleolin Is Required for Efficient Nuclear Egress of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsids
Authors: Sagou Ken , Uema Masashi , Kawaguchi Yasushi 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT
Herpesvirus nucleocapsids assemble in the nucleus and must cross the nuclear membrane for final assembly and maturation to form infectious progeny virions in the cytoplasm. It has been proposed that nucleocapsids enter the perinuclear space by budding through the inner nuclear membrane, and these enveloped nucleocapsids then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane to enter the cytoplasm. Little is known about the mechanism(s) for nuclear egress of herpesvirus nucleocapsids and, in particular, which, if any, cellular proteins are involved in the nuclear egress pathway. UL12 is an alkaline nuclease encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and has been suggested to be involved in viral DNA maturation and nuclear egress of nucleocapsids. Using a live-cell imaging system to study cells infected by a recombinant HSV-1 expressing UL12 fused to a fluorescent protein, we observed the previously unreported nucleolar localization of UL12 in live infected cells and, using coimmunoprecipitation analyses, showed that UL12 formed a complex with nucleolin, a nucleolus marker, in infected cells. Knockdown of nucleolin in HSV-1-infected cells reduced capsid accumulation, as well as the amount of viral DNA resistant to staphylococcal nuclease in the cytoplasm, which represented encapsidated viral DNA, but had little effect on these viral components in the nucleus. These results indicated that nucleolin is a cellular factor required for efficient nuclear egress of HSV-1 nucleocapsids in infected cells.
Translation, cross-cultural adaption and validation of the German version of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for patients with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Nauck T , Lohrer H 
Published: December 2009

ObjectivesThe evaluation of health-related quality of life and physical function is important for determining therapeutic strategies following ankle injuries. The Anglo-American Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is a valid and reliable self-reported measure to detect functional deficits in chronic lateral ankle instability. The purpose of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the FAAM questionnaire for use with German-speaking patients with chronic lateral ankle instability.Patients/ParticipantsPreoperative and conservatively treated patients with chronic lateral ankle instability. Sport students and volleyball athletes served as control groups.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe FAAM was forward and back translated, cross-culturally adapted and validated. The study population completed the FAAM-G questionnaire twice within 3–5 days. Additionally, the patients were scored with the Good ankle laxity classification system. Test–Retest reliability, construct validity and internal consistency were calculated.ResultsReliability and validity of the FAAM-G were examined in presurgical chronic ankle instability patients (n=24), conservatively treated chronic ankle instability patients (n=17), university sport students (n=31) and volleyballers (n=37).Test–retest reliability revealed fair, good, or excellent reliability (inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.590–0.998; ρ=0.528–1.000). Construct validity, tested between the FAAM-G subscores and the Good et al ankle laxity classification system demonstrated strong correlations (ρ = −0.819 to −0.861).ConclusionsThe original FAAM questionnaire was successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted from English to German. Corresponding to the Anglo-American version, the FAAM-G is a reliable and valid questionnaire for self-reported assessment of pain and disability in German-speaking patients suffering from chronic ankle instability.
Effects of resistive load on performance and surface EMG activity during repeated cycling sprints on a non-isokinetic cycle ergometer
Authors: Matsuura R , Arimitsu T , Yunoki T , Yano T 
Published: December 2009

ObjectivesTo determine the effects of resistive load on performance and surface electromyogram (SEMG) activity during repeated cycling sprints (RCS) on a non-isokinetic cycle ergometer.MethodsParticipants performed two RCS tests (ten 10-second cycling sprints) interspersed with both 30- and 360-second recovery periods under light (RCSL) and heavy load conditions (RCSH) in a random counterbalanced order. Recovery periods of 360 seconds were set before the fifth and ninth sprints.ResultsIn the 9th and 10th sprints, the values of peak power output divided by body mass were significantly higher in RCSHthan in RCSL. Changes in blood lactate concentration were not different between the two conditions. In RCSL, the root mean square calculated from the SEMG was significantly lower in the ninth sprint than in the first sprint, but there were no differences between the root mean square in the first sprint and that in the ninth sprint in RCSH.ConclusionsDuring RCS on a non-isokinetic cycle ergometer, performance and SEMG activity are influenced by resistive load. It is thought that regulation of skeletal muscle recruitment by the central nervous system is associated with fatigue during RCS with a light resistive load.
Injury patterns at US and Canadian overnight summer camps: first year of the Healthy Camp study
Authors: Goldlust E , Walton E , Stanley R , Yard E , Garst B , Comstock R D , Erceg L E , Cunningham R 
Published: December 2009

Objective:To describe injury patterns at overnight summer camps in 2006, and identify risk factors for more significant injury.Design:Surveillance data obtained from Healthy Camp Study from 2006 were analyzed from 71 overnight camps, representing 437 541 camper-days and 206 031 staff-days.Results:Injuries were reported in 218 campers and 81 staff. 51.8% of injured campers were male versus 34.6% of staff. Among campers, 60.1% were evaluated off-site; 2.3% required hospital admission. 43.9% of injuries required >24 h activity restriction (deemed “significant injury”). Among campers, significant injury was associated with camp sessions ⩾14 days (RR 1.48); among staff, with male sex (RR 1.85) and camper-to-staff ratio (RR 0.67). There were no associations with age, time of day, setting, or level of supervision.Conclusions:Significant injuries are uncommon at overnight summer camps. Rates appear similar to those in comparable activities. Targeted interventions may further reduce injury risk.
Families bereaved by road traffic crashes: linkage of mortality records with 1971–2001 censuses
Authors: Sullivan R , Edwards P , Sloggett A , Marshall C E 
Published: December 2009

Objective:To estimate the number of people alive in England & Wales who have lost a close family member in a fatal road traffic crash.Design:Linkage of mortality records in a sample of 1.1% of the population during 1971–2005 with records from the 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001 censuses. For each person killed in a road traffic crash, the number of close family members still alive in 2005 was estimated by applying life table probabilities of survival.Setting:England & Wales, UK.Subjects:Adults and children killed in road traffic crashes 1971–2005.Main outcome measure:Number of close family members alive in 2005.Results:In a sample of approximately 1.1% of the population in 1971–2005, a total of 1801 adults and children died in road traffic crashes. These deaths left 6467 close family members bereaved in 2005, corresponding to a total of 590 518 bereaved in the population (including 131 399 parents who had lost a child and 107 384 offspring who had lost a parent).Conclusion:Over 1% of the population of England & Wales alive in 2005 had lost a close family member in a fatal road traffic crash since 1971. This may imply a greater public health burden of road traffic crashes than previously estimated.
Use of biocides and insect repellents and risk of hypospadias
Authors: Dugas J , Nieuwenhuijsen M J , Martinez D , Iszatt N , Nelson P , Elliott P 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundThe relationship between the use of biocides and insect repellents and the risk of hypospadias was examined in a large case–control study in the South East of England.MethodsA case–control study was carried out among 471 cases of hypospadias referred to surgeons, and 490 randomly selected population-based controls, born between 1 January 1997 and 30 September 1998. Telephone interviews were conducted between September 2000 and March 2003. The questionnaire included information on demographic, lifestyle and environmental factors, including the use of biocides and insect repellents, during pregnancy. A total biocide score was created from summing positive responses to an eight-item biocide exposure questionnaire.ResultsThe use of insect repellent (adjusted OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.11) during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with risk of hypospadias, but none of the biocides, or indicators for them, except for the total biocide score for the highest two exposure categories (score 3: adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.94; and scores 4 and 5 combined: adjusted OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.01 to 8.78) showed statistically significant associations.ConclusionThe authors found an association between the use of insect repellent and total biocide score and risk of hypospadias. In particular, the use of insect repellent warrants further investigation, specifically in relation to type, content and frequency of use since this information was missing in the current study.
A reduction in cardiac arrests and duration of clinical instability after implementation of a paediatric rapid response system
Authors: Hanson C C , Randolph G D , Erickson J A , Mayer C M , Bruckel J T , Harris B D , Willis T S 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Objective
To determine the effects of a multifaceted paediatric rapid response system on the duration of predefined clinical instability and the subsequent rate of cardiac arrests.

Methods
An interrupted time series study coupled with a retrospective chart review to evaluate the effects of implementing a four component paediatric rapid response system. All patients in a 136-bed university-affiliated paediatric hospital from August 2003 to May 2007 were considered. The main outcome measures included rate of cardiac arrests as indicated by the number of patient days between ward paediatric cardiac arrests and duration of predefined clinical instability before evaluation by critical care personnel.

Results
The mean time interval between cardiac arrests increased significantly with the establishment of the rapid response system from a baseline of 2512 to 9418 patient days. The median duration of clinical instability decreased from 9 h 55 min to 4 h 15 min post intervention (p=0.028).

Conclusions
The implementation of a paediatric rapid response system is associated with a significant reduction in the rate of cardiac arrests and duration of clinical instability before evaluation by critical care personnel. This study provides evidence that implementation of a rapid response system brings emergency personnel to deteriorating patients earlier, thus preventing cardiac arrests.