bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING IN MANAGING PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Hawkins Ms Tess , Cooper Ms Ella , Williamson Ms Kate , Pepper Ms Taylah , Cullen A/Prof John , Waite A/Prof Louise 
Published: May 2024

SETTING
The Centre for STRONG Medicine is an outpatient multidisciplinary geriatric service at Concord Hospital, Sydney. An 82-year-old male with a primary diagnosis of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) with cardiac and metabolic comorbidities was referred in March 2023. PSP is a rare neurological disorder that affects gait, balance, vision, and cognition. The participant mobilised with a rollator and had previously sustained vertebral and wrist fractures secondary to falls.

MANAGEMENT
Management was to use progressive resistance training (PRT) to combat mobility decline, prevent falls and provide education to encourage independent exercise. Initial assessment determined current health status using Falls Self Efficacy Scale (FSE-I) and Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) questionnaires, and measured function and strength using maximal gait speed, five times sit-to-stand (5xSTS) and one repetition maximum (1RM), respectively. FSE-I determined a high fear of falling and FFP determined frail classification. Outcomes informed the PRT exercise prescription targeting the major muscle groups for 2-3 sets of 7-9 repetitions at 70-85% 1RM progressed gradually and preformed twice weekly in a supervised group. Education regarding breathing, exercise tempo, rest, progression, and risk mitigation were provided. All outcomes were reassessed after 12-weeks of training.

RESULTS
Attendance was 100% (23 sessions) with improvement in all outcomes. Functional improvements included 0.25metres/second increase in maximal gait speed, 2.5 second reduction in 5xSTS, and safe mobilisation without a rollator. Strength improvements included 101% increase in 1RM leg press, 100% increase in 1RM triceps extension and 72% increase in 1RM seated row. Frailty status improved to pre-frail and fear of falling reduced. Self-reported improvements included increased steadiness and confidence exercising unsupervised.

DISCUSSION
Although PSP is progressive, PRT resulted in meaningful benefits in strength and function that improved daily task performance and confidence. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of PRT on PSP management in a larger cohort.
EFFECTIVENESS OF EXERCISE VIA TELEHEALTH FOR CHRONIC DISEASE: UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS DELIVERED VIA VIDEOCONFERENCING
Authors: Brown Mr Riley , Coombes Prof Jeff , Rodriguez Dr. Klaus Jungbluth , Hickman Associate Professor Ingrid , Keating Dr Shelley 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS
Videoconferencing exercise interventions (VC) involve the synchronous and remote delivery of exercise via a video-linked appointment. A 2022 review investigated the effectiveness and feasibility of VC for people with chronic disease. Considering the emergence of recent trials, this review aimed to investigate these findings with high-quality contemporary evidence.

METHODS
Databases were searched from 1st August 2021 (last date searched in previous review) to April 30th 2023 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) VC in chronic disease. Meta-analyses were conducted for between-group comparisons of exercise capacity and quality of life for RCTs to determine effectiveness. Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) for pre-post quality of life data was used to combine assessment methods. Feasibility was assessed via session attendance rates, adherence to exercise prescription, safety, technical issues and participant satisfaction. Risk of bias was analysed using the Downs & Black (D&B) quality checklist and the certainty of evidence with GRADE.

RESULTS
Sixteen trials were included in the updated review. RCT-only meta-analyses identified effects favouring VC for exercise capacity (6MWT; Mean Difference (MD)=31.0m (95% CI: 8.3 to 53.6m), p=0.007) and quality of life (SMD=0.365 (95% CI: 0.096 to 0.633), p=0.008) in studies with non-exercising comparators. An effect favouring VC was observed for quality of life in exercising comparator studies (SMD=0.335 (95% CI: 0.078 to 0.592), p=0.011) but not for exercise capacity (MD=4.6m (95% CI: -7.4 to 16.7m), p=0.451). The RCT-only analysis identified good risk of bias (D&B: 20.7±2.7/28), with GRADE certainty ratings of ‘Moderate’ for quality of life and exercise capacity outcomes. Of the new RCTs, session attendance was 74%, no serious adverse events related to VC were identified, 33% of sessions experienced technical issues and positive satisfaction outcomes were identified.

CONCLUSION
In patients with chronic disease, videoconferencing exercise interventions are feasible and effective for improving exercise capacity and quality of life.
EFFECTS OF A SINGLE HEART RATE-CLAMPED CYCLING SESSION UNDER SYSTEMIC HYPOXIA ON RECOVERY OF PHYSICAL AND PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES FROM EXERCISE-INDUCED FATIGUE
Authors: Li Mr Siu Nam , Peeling Prof Peter , Scott Associate Professor Brendan , Peiffer Professor Jeremiah , Shaykevich Dr Alex , Girard Dr Olivier 
Published: May 2024

AIMS
We investigated whether a single heart-rate clamped cycling session under systemic hypoxia affects the recovery of physical and psycho-physiological responses from residual fatigue compared to normoxia.

METHODS
On separate occasions, twelve trained males had countermovement jump height, leg stiffness, and perceptual fatigue assessed daily during a 3-d acute training camp scenario. On days 1 and 3, participants cycled for 60 min at a constant heart rate (80% of ventilatory threshold). On day 2, fatigue was induced through a simulated team game circuit (STGC), followed by a 60-min heart rate clamped cycling bout in either normoxia, hypoxia (simulated altitude ∼3500 m), or no cycling.

RESULTS
Compared to baseline, jump height decreased at all timepoints following the STGC (all p &lt; 0.05). Leg stiffness and cycling power output only decreased immediately following the STGC, with a 48% further decrease in cycling power output in hypoxia compared to normoxia (p &lt; 0.05). The well-being questionnaire showed that perceived fatigue, decreased sleep quality, and increased muscle soreness responses occurred on day 3 (p&lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSION
In a pre-fatigued state, a single heart rate-clamped cycling session in hypoxia reduced mechanical output without affecting recovery of physical performance and perceptual measures from residual fatigue induced through team sport activity.
PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL ATTRIBUTES ASSOCIATED ON-WATER ROWING PERFORMANCE IN JUNIOR AND ELITE ROWERS
Authors: Legge Natalie , Slattery Dr Katie , O’Meara Dr Damien , McCleave Dr Erin , Young David , Crichton Sophie , Watsford Prof. Mark 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS
On-water rowing performance consists of the integration of both physical and technical attributes. The aims of this exploratory study were to describe key physical and technical variables for elite and junior rowers and to examine the associations and predictive capacity of these variables with on-water rowing performance outcomes.

METHODS
Twenty-eight junior (16 females, 16 ± 0.8 years and 12 males, 17 ± 0.7 years) and 24 elite rowers (12 females, 24 ± 2.7 years and 12 males, 27 ± 2.6 years) volunteered to participate in the study. Participants completed an on-water single sculling biomechanics assessment combined with a series of physical, strength and power tests conducted in a high-performance training facility.

RESULTS
Descriptive analysis identified differences between junior and elite rowers separated by sex in several physical and on-water characteristics. Elite men and women were superior in mean gate force, distance per stroke and recovery distance compared to junior groups (P&lt;0.0.17). Large correlations (P&lt;0.01) were found between anthropometry, strength and power assessments with the on-water measures of catch angle, mean gate force, recovery distance and boat speed. Differences in ROM and flexibility attributes did not distinguish between elite and junior rowers, with other factors potentially involved.

CONCLUSION
This unique exploratory study combined a comprehensive physical assessment with an on-water single sculling biomechanical assessment to explore the interaction of physical attributes with on-water rowing technical variables. This battery of testing with world class athletes represents an excellent level of ecological validity for the assessment of rowers pertinent to on-water performance. The results provide a descriptive dataset of physical and technical characteristics for elite and junior rowers, of both sexes, which may be useful when evaluating the status of development rowers and to gauge the possibility of achieving further success in the sport.
ARE THERE NON-RESPONDERS TO HIIT IN CANCER SURVIVORS? CHANGES IN CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS, BODY COMPOSITION AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION
Authors: Boytar Alex , Farley Dr Morgan , Salisbury Chloe , Skinner Tina , Jenkins Professor David 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to elicit significant improvements in VO2peak in cancer survivors. Only 46-60% of healthy individuals are reported to respond to exercise interventions, though this rate has not been investigated in cancer survivors. AIMS: To determine the response rate in cancer survivors over 28-weeks of HIIT as measured by changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. Secondarily, the study aimed to observe associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and inflammatory markers.

METHODS
131 survivors of breast, prostate or colorectal cancer were observed over 28-weeks of HIIT (4x4 minutes; 85-95% HRpeak). VO2peak, body composition and markers of systemic inflammation were assessed at baseline, four-, 16- and 28-weeks. An improvement in VO2peak of 3.5 ml.kg-1.min-1 was used as a standard of minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Body composition was measured using DEXA, and inflammatory markers were assessed for each timepoint.

RESULTS
59.6% of participants improved their VO2peak greater than MCID (+3.5 ml.kg-1.min-1) and these individuals were retrospectively classified as responders. Responders showed improvements in VO2peak at four- and 16-weeks and maintained this change through to 28-weeks (0-4 weeks: +2.92 ml.kg-1.min-1, p&lt;0.001; 0-16 weeks: +5.70 ml.kg-1.min-1, p&lt;0.001; and 0-28 weeks: +5.30 ml.kg-1.min-1, p&lt;0.001). No significant change in VO2peak was seen in non-responders (40.4%). Time since treatment, cancer type, and cancer treatment were all found to contribute to a model predicting VO2peak change (R=0.464, R2 = 21.5%., adj R2=16.1%, p&lt;0.001). Body composition and inflammatory markers improved in response to training however were not associated with VO2peak change.

CONCLUSIONS
HIIT elicited a MCID in VO2peak in almost 60% of cancer survivors. Independent to VO2peak change and cancer type, survivors showed significant favourable changes in inflammation and body composition in response to training.
DETERMINANTS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERTIONAL HEAT STRESS IN HUMANS
Authors: Criddle Mr Jesse , Haynes Mr Andrew , Carter Mr Howard H. , Collis Ms Julie , Wigati Ms Kristanti , Dechichi Ms Juliene Goncalves Costa , Loacatelli Mr Joao Carlos , McLaughlin Prof Robert , Green Daniel 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS
Previous field studies of exercise undertaken in hot conditions reported dissociation between heat-related symptoms and body core temperature (Tc) elevation. This prompted us to examine physiological mechanisms underpinning responses to exertional heat exposure in a controlled laboratory experiment.

METHODS
Thirty-eight apparently healthy participants had body composition (DEXA) and fitness (V̇O2peak) measured in a preliminary visit. Tc, heart rate (HR), exercise intensity (V̇O2) and echocardiographic measures of end-diastolic volume (EDV), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q̇) were measured at rest and at 30-minute intervals throughout a two-hour walk (5km/h and 2% gradient) in a climate-controlled chamber (40⸰C and 50% relative-humidity).

RESULTS
Twenty-seven participants completed the experiment (Completers; Com), 7 were stopped due to Tc exceeding 39⸰C (Hyperthermics; Hyp). Four participants did not complete the protocol due to adverse symptoms and were excluded from this analysis. Hyp had significantly greater Tc at 60-minutes (38.6±0.5⸰C vs. 38.0±0.3⸰C; P=&lt;0.001) and 90-minutes (39.0±0.3⸰C vs. 38.3±0.3⸰C; P=&lt;0.001) than Com. Baseline V̇O2peak (ml.kg-1.min-1) did not differ between Hyp and Com (P=0.248). Whilst body weight and lean body mass did not significantly differ between Hyp and Com, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (463.2±194.3cm3 vs. 259.9±284.4cm3 P=0.014) and mass (437.0±183.1g vs. 245.2±268.2g P=0.013) were significantly greater in Hyp vs Com. In Hyp, HR change from baseline was greater at 60-minutes (Δ57±15bpm vs. Δ36±18bpm; P=0.01) and 90-minutes (Δ63±20bpm vs. Δ42±19bpm; P=0.017), whilst change in EDV (Δ-22.7±11.4ml vs. Δ-6.92±11.2ml; P=0.016) and SV (Δ-19.4±6.1ml vs. Δ-0.7±7.5ml; P=&lt;0.001) were significantly reduced in Hyp compared to Com.

CONCLUSION
During walking in the heat, subjects who became hyperthermic had significantly higher baseline visceral fat mass and early signs of exaggerated haemodynamic burden during exertional heat exposure. This study has implications for the identification of appropriate variables for establishing safe work limits during heat exposure in military and work-related contexts.
FRAILTY REDUCTION VIA IMPLEMENTATION OF EXERCISE, NUTRITION AND DEPRESCRIBING (FRIEND) TRIAL: NOVEL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC FRAILTY GUIDELINES IN AGED CARE
Authors: Inskip Dr Michael , Arteaga Dr Trinidad Valenzuela , Rangel Mrs Carolina Almendrales , Njoku Sr Chidiamara , Barnett A/Prof Fiona , Shih Ms Isabel , Dahl Ms Sally , O’Neill Mrs Leonie , Mavros Yorgi , AM Maria A. Fiatarone Singh 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
Virtually all adults in aged care are frail, contributing to falls, cognitive decline, hospitalisation, and mortality. polypharmacy, malnutrition, sedentariness, and sarcopenia are risk factors amenable to intervention. Asia-Pacific Frailty treatment guidelines recommend anabolic exercise, medication and dietary optimisation. However, no study has evaluated this best practice intervention in aged care. AIM: Evaluate institutional translation of best-practice frailty treatment in aged care residents.

METHODS
The Frailty Reduction via Implementation of Exercise, Nutritional support and Deprescribing (FRIEND) trial (ANZCTR#:ACTRN12622000926730p) is a 6-month translational trial evaluating resident outcomes, staff/caregiver knowledge and institutional translation in a Townsville aged care facility. Residents received high-intensity resistance and balance training, medication and nutrition optimisation co-implemented by investigators (AEP, geriatrician, pharmacist, nutritionist) and facility staff. Staff and caregivers completed comprehensive education modules and training. We report resident outcomes for Phase-one (6 months exercise with staggered implementation of medication/nutritional arms) in preparation for full implementation (Phase-two).

RESULTS
29 residents (21 female, age:88.6±6.3yrs) were recruited. At baseline, residents were frail (FRAIL-NH;6.3±2.4/14), cognitively-impaired (MoCA;13.8±6.8/30), had low physical function/capacity (SPPB;4.9±3.1/12, 6MWT;222.2±104.4m) and numerous prescribed medications (15.5±5.9). Two residents died & one withdrew before intervention, and nine residents declined exercise intervention. Exercising residents’ adherence was 73.4±18.3% (28±7/38 sessions), with non-significant baseline differences compared to decliners (p&gt;0.05). FRAIL-NH worsened significantly across the entire sample (0.93±1.87,p=.019), however this progression was attenuated in exercisers (0.71±1.83,p=0.35). Furthermore, clinically meaningful improvements in frailty (Fried phenotype;-0.73±1.09,p=.022), Leg press (median{IQR}:40.9%{26.5%)) and knee extension strength (median{IQR):61.9%(259%),p&lt;0.001), 6MWD (35.4±45.8m,p=0.022;30m-MCID), Physical Function (SPPB;1.9±2.3,p=0.007;1-point MCID), and cognition (MoCA;1.31±3.4,p=.131;1.22-point MCID) were observed in exercisers. Only 1 minor exercise-related adverse event occurred.

CONCLUSION
Six months of AEP-led high-intensity exercise with preliminary, staggered implementation of medication and nutrition optimisation in aged care improved frailty and risk factors in residents. Phase-two results following 6-months of full, concurrent implementation of exercise, medication and nutrition arms are anticipated May, 2024.
IDENTIFYING BARRIERS AND ENABLERS TO EXERCISE ADHERENCE IN PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Gilanyi Mr Yannick , Rizzo Dr Rodrigo , Sharma Saurab , Venter Ms Martjie , McAuley James H , Jones Matthew D 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
Exercise leads to clinically meaningful pain reductions in people with chronic low back pain and is recommended as a first line treatment. However, it has been shown that exercise effectiveness decreases over time and no longer has a meaningful effect for chronic low back pain at long-term follow up. It is likely that a lack of exercise adherence is a major contributing factor responsible for these reductions in efficacy. We aimed to identify the barriers and enablers to exercise adherence from the perspective of people with chronic low back pain.

METHODS
This qualitative study was underpinned by a constructivist epistemology and used a critical realist ontological perspective. Adults (18-65yrs) with chronic low back pain who had exercised since the onset of their back pain were recruited to participate in focus groups and individual interviews. Audio data were transcribed and then analysed in two stages: (1) inductive coding using reflexive thematic analysis, followed by (2) deductive analysis through mapping codes onto the Theoretical Domains Framework.

RESULTS
Five enablers and three barriers were identified across six of the fourteen Theoretical Domain Framework domains. Exercise identity and confidence in deciding to self-manage pain were enablers, whereas beliefs about the consequences of exercise, exercise context and relationships could function as either/both barriers and enablers.

CONCLUSION
Analysis of these barriers and enablers found that they were not static factors isolated to influencing a single decision of ‘to exercise or not’. Instead barriers and enablers were complex and fluid, with participants reporting conflicting barriers and enablers that were subject to change, depending on context. These findings improve our understanding of the barriers and enablers to exercise adherence from the individual perspective of people with chronic low back pain and can be utilised for more effective exercise treatment in this population.
THE EFFECTS OF DOWNHILL WALKING ON INSULIN SENSITIVITY, ARTERIAL HEALTH, MUSCLE STRENGTH AND FUNCTIONAL PHYSICAL FITNESS IN PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ansari Mrs Misha , Williams Associate Professor Andrew , Hardcastle Dr Sibella , Schmidt Dr Matthew , Myers Dr Stephen 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS
Exercise is effective in preventing and managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, a significant number of people do not exercise as they perceive exercise to be physically challenging. Eccentric exercise, a novel aerobic exercise modality is less metabolically demanding and has been shown to have positive effects on blood glucose levels, cardiovascular fitness, and muscle strength in healthy populations. This research was conducted to explore the impact of eccentric exercise, specifically downhill walking, on insulin sensitivity, arterial health, muscle strength, and physical functional fitness in individuals with T2DM.

METHODS
A 12-week randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effects of downhill, level, and uphill walking on people with T2DM. Sedentary adult participants with T2DM were randomised to perform downhill walking (DW), level walking (LW), or uphill walking (UW) for 30 minutes twice a week for twelve weeks at a standard speed of 2.5km/hr. The primary outcome measure was glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), while secondary measures included arterial stiffness, strength, and physical fitness.

RESULTS
A significant reduction in HbA1c between baseline and 12 weeks was observed in the UW group However, per-protocol analysis showed a significant decrease in HbA1c in the DW group post-intervention as well. Central Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased between baseline and post-intervention in the DW group. Participants in DW group and UW group showed significant improvements in distance walked in 6MWT post-intervention. A significant increase in knee extensors isometric strength between baseline and 12 weeks was observed for the DW group only.

CONCLUSION
DW was as effective as UW for improving insulin sensitivity and more effective than LW and UW for improving central systolic blood pressure, muscle strength and functional physical fitness. DW is a viable option for those seeking a less demanding form of exercise.
BARRIERS AND ENABLERS TO EXERCISE ADHERENCE IN PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE
Authors: Gilanyi Mr Yannick , Shah Ms Brishna , Cashin Dr Aidan , Gibbs Dr Mitchell T. , Bellamy Ms Jessica , Day Dr Richard , McAuley James H , Jones Matthew D 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
Exercise is a first line treatment for chronic low back pain, reducing pain and disability in the short-term. However, exercise benefits decrease over time, with a lack of long-term exercise adherence a potential reason for this. This study aimed to synthesize the perceptions and beliefs of individuals with chronic low back pain and identify their barriers and enablers to exercise adherence.

METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus databases from inception to 28th February 2023 for qualitative studies that explored the factors influencing exercise adherence for people with chronic low back pain. A hybrid approach combining inductive analysis using thematic synthesis and a deductive analysis, which included the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change was used to analyse data. We assessed methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and the level of confidence of the themes found using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Studies (GRADE-CERQual).

RESULTS
Twenty-three papers (n=21 studies) were included (n=478 participants). Four main themes impacted exercise adherence: 1) exercise, pain, and the body, 2) psychological factors, 3) social factors and 4) external factors. These themes contained 16 subthemes that were predominantly both barriers and enablers to exercise adherence. There was moderate to high confidence across the findings.

CONCLUSION
Our analysis found that individual’s experiences of barriers and enablers were most appropriately represented across a spectrum, where influencing factors could be a barrier or enabler to exercise adherence. Barriers and enablers were also found to be specific to pre-exercise, during exercise and post-exercise situations. This may lead to an improved and targeted approach to increasing exercise adherence. Further research is required to develop interventions that can use these findings for a more personalised and patient centred approach to treatment.