bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Aspects of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Lacis Indars , Solomatins Igors , Gertnere Jana , Macijevska Aida 
Published: April 2011

Current Aspects of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment in Diabetic Macular Edema
This problem-solving article reviews the current knowledge on the epidemiology, physiology and treatment principles of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), a common diabetic complication and leading cause of blindness in working-age individuals. Although some risk factors for DME have been determined, the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. Proven effective and satisfactory therapy is currently not available. Clinical understanding and the major treatments for DME have not changed for several decades. Scientific progress in recent years outlines some new promising therapeutical strategies for treating DME. In addition new non-invasive high resolution imaging methods of the retina provides much deeper information about morphological findings in DME. New treatment and diagnostic options could be beneficial to detect DME in early stages, prevent its progression and to start the most effective treatment at earlier stages.
Diagnosis and Management of Blunt Pancreatic Trauma in Children
Authors: Zarembo Edgars , Engelis Arnis , Petersons Aigars 
Published: April 2011

Diagnosis and Management of Blunt Pancreatic Trauma in Children
There are still diagnostics problems and variety of opinions about tactics in the treatment of blunt pancreatic injurys. The methods of surgery treatments are more and more replacing the methods of endoscopy and conservative therapy. There is a remarkable diference in the tactic of treatment between adults and children because of the anatomical physiological reasons. Delayed diagnosis of this wounding is connected with heightened morbidity and mortality. Handlebars injury is the most frequent mechanism of the trauma. The most determinant role in the diagnostics has active examination tactic and arsenal of visual diagnostics methods. Therapy approach must be individualized depending from the hemodynamic status, seriosity of injury, existence of associated injuries and the experience in the institution. After traumatic pseudocysts can be successfully drained in US control or endoscopic to stomach. Children with such injuries must be concentrated if possible in the specialized centers.
Patient with Syphilitic Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Kisis Kaspars , Krievins Dainis , Gedins Marcis , Savlovskis Janis , Ezite Natalija , Ivanova Patricija 
Published: April 2011

Patient with Syphilitic Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
We are presenting a rare case of patient with two syphilitic aneurysms localized in thoracic and abdominal aorta. Routine lung computer tomography (CT) for the patient with complains about irritating and unclear ethiology cough revealed 10 cm diameter aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta (TAA) and additionally 4.8 cm aneurysm of abdominal aorta (AAA) just below the aortic hiatus. As there was no evidence of previous trauma, Marfan syndrome or connective tissue disease patient was screened for syphilis. Diagnosis of tertiary syphilis was confirmed and specific treatment started. As complains of irritating cough intensified - patients TAA was successfully treated endovascularly with thoracic stent graft (Valiant®Captivia, Medtronic Ltd.) on emergency basis. On control CT angiography 3 month after treatment there was no evidence of graft migration, endoleaks and aneurysmal sac was thrombosed. AAA has not increased in size, and open repair is planned.
An analysis of postoperative thigh symptoms after minimally invasive transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Cummock Matthew D. , Vanni Steven , Levi Allan D. , Yu Yong , Wang Michael Y. 
Published: April 2011

Object
The minimally invasive transpsoas interbody fusion technique requires dissection through the psoas muscle, which contains the nerves of the lumbosacral plexus posteriorly and genitofemoral nerve anteriorly. Retraction of the psoas is becoming recognized as a cause of transient postoperative thigh pain, numbness, paresthesias, and weakness. However, few reports have described the nature of thigh symptoms after this procedure.

Methods
The authors performed a review of patients who underwent the transpsoas technique for lumbar spondylotic disease, disc degeneration, and spondylolisthesis treated at a single academic medical center. A review of patient charts, including the use of detailed patient-driven pain diagrams performed at equal preoperative and follow-up intervals, investigated the survival of postoperative thigh pain, numbness, paresthesias, and weakness of the iliopsoas and quadriceps muscles in the follow-up period on the ipsilateral side of the surgical approach.

Results
Over a 3.2-year period, 59 patients underwent transpsoas interbody fusion surgery. Of these, 62.7% had thigh symptoms postoperatively. New thigh symptoms at first follow-up visit included the following: burning, aching, stabbing, or other pain (39.0%); numbness (42.4%); paresthesias (11.9%); and weakness (23.7%). At 3 months postoperatively, these percentages decreased to 15.5%, 24.1%, 5.6%, and 11.3%, respectively. Within the patient sample, 44% underwent a 1-level, 41% a 2-level, and 15% a 3-level transpsoas operation. While not statistically significant, thigh pain, numbness, and weakness were most prevalent after L4–5 transpsoas interbody fusion at the first postoperative follow-up. The number of lumbar levels that were surgically treated had no clear association with thigh symptoms but did correlate directly with surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay.

Conclusions
Transpsoas interbody fusion is associated with high rates of immediate postoperative thigh symptoms. While larger, prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings, the authors found that half of the patients had symptom resolution at approximately 3 months postoperatively and more than 90% by 1 year.
Relation between brain interstitial and systemic glucose concentrations after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Zetterling Maria , Hillered Lars , Enblad Per , Karlsson Torbjörn , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth 
Published: April 2011

Object
The aim in the present investigation was to study the relation between brain interstitial and systemic blood glucose concentrations during the acute phase after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The authors also evaluated the effects of insulin administration on local brain energy metabolism.

Methods
Nineteen patients with spontaneous SAH were prospectively monitored with intracerebral microdialysis (MD). The relation between plasma glucose and MD-measured interstitial brain glucose concentrations as well as the temporal pattern of MD glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, and glycerol was studied for 7 days after SAH. Using a target plasma glucose concentration of 5–10 mmol/L, the effect of insulin injection was also evaluated.

Results
The mean (± SD) correlation coefficient between plasma glucose and MD glucose was 0.27 ± 0.27 (p = 0.0005), with a high degree of individual variation. Microdialysis glucose, the MD/plasma glucose ratio, and MD glutamate concentrations decreased in parallel with a gradual increase in MD pyruvate and MD lactate concentrations. There were no significant changes in the MD L/P ratio or MD glycerol levels. Insulin administration induced a decrease in MD glucose and MD pyruvate.

Conclusions
After SAH, there was a positive correlation between plasma and MD glucose concentrations with a high degree of individual variation. A gradual decline in MD glucose and the MD/plasma glucose ratio and an increase in MD pyruvate and MD lactate concentrations during the 1st week after SAH suggest a transition to a hyperglycolytic state with increased cerebral glucose consumption. The administration of insulin was related to a lowering of MD glucose and MD pyruvate, often to low levels even though plasma glucose values remained above 6 mmol/L. After SAH, the administration of insulin could impede the glucose supply of the brain.
Posterior epidural migration of a lumbar disc fragment: a series of 6 cases
Authors: Akhaddar Ali , El-asri Abad , Boucetta Mohammed 
Published: April 2011

ObjectThe migration of a lumbar intervertebral disc fragment to the posterior epidural space is a rare complication of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), mostly diagnosed intraoperatively. The authors describe a series of 6 patients with a posterior epidural migration of a lumbar intervertebral disc fragment (PEMLIF) and provide a systematic review of the literature.MethodsThe authors undertook a retrospective case series of patients with PEMLIF who underwent surgery for LDH between February 2007 and June 2010. In 6 (1.04%) of 572 patients a diagnosis of PEMLIF was established. In addition, a systematic review of the literature produced 41 additional cases reported since 1973. The authors analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and imaging features, as well as surgical treatment and outcome of this infrequent form of LDH.ResultsThis study represents the largest case series to analyze the distinguishing features of PEMLIF. Including the authors' cases, 37 male (78.72%) and 10 female (21.28%) patients (mean age 54.08 years) appear in the literature. Although the predominant clinical disturbance was related to cauda equina compression in 22 patients (46.80%), 19 patients (40.42%) presented with typical symptoms of sciatica or anterior thigh pain. In 27 patients (57.44%), PEMLIFs were localized at high lumbar levels. Magnetic resonance imaging was used in 36 cases. The PEMLIF appeared iso- to hypointense on T1-weighted imaging and had a variable intensity on T2-weighted imaging. After administration of Gd, 85.71% of lesions exhibited a peripheral ring. The preoperative diagnosis was never related to PEMLIF in 68% of cases. The PEMLIF was totally resected in all patients. An additional discectomy was performed in 31 patients (65.95%). Information was incomplete in 1 case. Of the remaining 46 patients, all improved postoperatively: total recovery was achieved in 33 cases (71.74%), subtotal recovery in 2 cases (4.35%), and improvement in 11 cases (23.91%). The postoperative outcome appeared not to depend on the duration or the degree of preoperative neurological deficits or the size of disc fragment.ConclusionsThe migration of a lumbar intervertebral disc fragment to the posterior epidural space is a rare event, occurring in an advanced working-age population. Clinical presentation is indistinguishable from the typical LDH, but overall cauda equina symptoms are far more common. High lumbar levels are more affected. Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics are difficult to differentiate from those of other entities. Ring enhancement after Gd administration is common. Outcomes in patients with cauda equina symptoms appear better than those in patients with standard ventral compression.
Decentralization of Access to Antiretroviral Therapy in Cameroon: Correlates of HIV Physicians’ Knowledge in HIV Care
Authors:   the EVAL Study Group, Rasson Sophie , Boyer Sylvie , Fugon Lionel , Protopopescu Camelia , Marcellin Fabienne , Koulla-Shiro Sinata , Kouanfack Charles , Spire Bruno , Moatti Jean Paul , Carrieri Maria Patrizia 
Published: April 2011

Background Good knowledge in HIV care among physicians is a necessary prerequisite to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) scaling-up in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Between September 2006 and March 2007, a 27-item knowledge questionnaire was proposed to all HIV physicians working in 27 hospitals throughout six provinces of Cameroon. Physicians’ responses were compared between the three levels of decentralization of the Cameroonian healthcare delivery system (χ2 and Fisher tests). Correct responses were summed to build a knowledge score. Factors significantly associated with a higher score were identified using linear regression. Results In total, 93 physicians filled in the questionnaire. Level of knowledge was globally good (median score 23), with no significant difference between the three levels of decentralization. Gaps in knowledge were observed regarding the use of cotrimoxazole and the follow-up of ART-treated patients. Main factors independently associated with a higher knowledge score included training, involvement in therapeutic committees, satisfactory collaboration with other practitioners and establishment of strong relationships between patients and patients’ associations. Conclusions Overall knowledge in HIV care is good among HIV physicians working at all three levels of decentralization of healthcare in Cameroon. However, a national training policy should be set up to improve knowledge and practices in both ART follow-up and specific situations such as paediatric HIV. Collaboration between caregivers and external resources involved in HIV care should also be encouraged.
Quality Assurance and Quality Improvement in U.S. Clinical Molecular Genetic Laboratories
Authors: Chen Bin , Richards C. Sue , Wilson Jean Amos , Lyon Elaine 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA robust quality‐assurance program is essential for laboratories that perform molecular genetic testing to maintain high‐quality testing and be able to address challenges associated with performance or delivery of testing services as the use of molecular genetic tests continues to expand in clinical and public health practice. This unit discusses quality‐assurance and quality‐improvement considerations that are critical for molecular genetic testing performed for heritable diseases and conditions. Specific discussion is provided on applying regulatory standards and best practices in establishing/verifying test performance, ensuring quality of the total testing process, monitoring and maintaining personnel competency, and continuing quality improvement. The unit provides a practical reference for laboratory professionals to use in recognizing and addressing essential quality‐assurance issues in human molecular genetic testing. It should also provide useful information for genetics researchers, trainees, and fellows in human genetics training programs, as well as others who are interested in quality assurance and quality improvement for molecular genetic testing. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 69:9.2.1‐9.2.26 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
One millimetre is the safe cut-off for magnetic resonance imaging prediction of surgical margin status in rectal cancer
Authors: Taylor F G M , Quirke P , Heald R J , Moran B , Blomqvist L , Swift I , St Rose S , Sebag-Montefiore D J , Tekkis P , Brown G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
A pathologically involved margin in rectal cancer is defined as tumour within 1 mm of the surgical resection margin. There is no standard definition of a predicted safe margin on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to assess which cut-off (1, 2 or 5 mm) was the best predictor of local recurrence based on preoperative MRI assessment of the circumferential resection margin (CRM).

Methods
Data were collected prospectively on the distance between the tumour and mesorectal fascia for patients with documented radiological margin status in the MERCURY study. Positive margin and local recurrence rates were compared for MRI distances from the tumour to the mesorectal fascia of 1 mm or less, more than 1 mm up to 2 mm, more than 2 mm up to 5 mm, and more than 5 mm. The Cox proportional hazard regression method was used to determine the effect of level of margin involvement on time to local recurrence.

Results
Univariable analysis showed that, relative to a distance measured by MRI of more than 5 mm, the hazard ratio (HR) for local recurrence was 3·90 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·99 to 7·63; P &lt; 0·001) for a margin of 1 mm or less, 0·81 (0·36 to 1·85; P = 0·620) for a margin of more than 1 mm up to 2 mm, and 0·33 (0·10 to 1·08; P = 0·067) for a margin greater than 2 mm up to 5 mm. Multivariable analysis of the effect of MRI distance to the mesorectal fascia and preoperative treatment on local recurrence showed that a margin of 1 mm or less remained significant regardless of preoperative treatment (HR 3·72, 1·43 to 9·71; P = 0·007).

Conclusion
For preoperative staging of rectal cancer, the best cut-off distance for predicting CRM involvement using MRI is 1 mm. Using a cut-off greater than this does not appear to identify patients at higher risk of local recurrence.
Reconstruction of extensive abdominal wall defects with microvascular tensor fasciae latae flap
Authors: Tukiainen E , Leppäniemi A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Most abdominal wall defects can be repaired with a mesh, components separation technique or pedicle flaps, but a free flap reconstruction might be the only option for large epigastric or non-midline defects. This retrospective study reviewed the results of consecutive patients who had extensive full-thickness abdominal wall defects reconstructed with a large, microvascular tensor fasciae latae (TFL) flap.

Methods
A 30–35 × 15–20-cm TFL flap was harvested and microvascular anastomoses were performed using a saphenous arteriovenous loop.

Results
From 1995 to 2009, 20 patients were operated on with a TFL flap. The repair was combined with a mesh in nine patients, components separation in one patient, and both techniques were used in one patient. The median follow-up was 2 (range 0·5–13) years. There were no perioperative deaths, or intra-abdominal or deep surgical-site infections. The flap failed in one patient, two patients had minor distal tip necrosis of the flap and one developed a recurrent hernia 3 months after TFL repair.

Conclusion
A microvascular TFL flap is a feasible option for reconstruction of exceptionally large abdominal wall defects if other means of reconstruction have already been used or are insufficient. It can also be combined with other methods of reconstruction. A close collaboration between plastic and abdominal surgeons is important.
Sigmoid colon morphology in the population groups of Durban, South Africa, with special reference to sigmoid volvulus
Authors: Madiba T.E. , Haffajee M.R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSigmoid volvulus demonstrates geographical, racial, and gender variation. This autopsy study was undertaken to establish morphological differences of the sigmoid colon and its mesocolon in which the length and other characteristics were assessed. A total of 590 cadavers were examined (403 African, 91 Indian, and 96 White). Length and height of the sigmoid colon and mesocolon were significantly longer in Africans, and mesocolon root was significantly narrower in Africans. Mesocolic ratio for Africans, Indians, and Whites was 1.1 ± 0.8, 1.8 ± 0.7, and 1.9 ± 1.0, respectively. Africans had a significantly high incidence of redundant sigmoid colon with the long‐narrow type and suprapelvic position predominating (P = 0.003); the opposite applied to the classic type. There was no difference in sigmoid colon length, mesocolon height, and width between males and females in all population groups. Among Africans, the long‐narrow type was more common in males, and the classic and long‐broad types were more common in females. Splaying of teniae coli and thickening of the mesentery were more common in Africans. Tethering of the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall was less common in Africans compared with other population groups. In conclusion, the sigmoid colon was longer, and the sigmoid mesocolon root was narrower in Africans compared with the other population groups, and the sigmoid colon had a suprapelvic disposition among Africans. In Africans, the sigmoid colon was longer in males with a long‐narrow shape. These differences may explain geographical and racial differences in sigmoid volvulus. Clin. Anat. 24:441–453, 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spin Canting and Metamagnetism in the First Hybrid Cobalt–Hypoxanthine Open Framework with umr Topology
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Hui , Hao Zheng‐Ming , Zhang Xian‐Ming 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHydrothermal reactions generated a cobalt–hypoxanthine framework [Co3(OH)4(Hpxt)2]⋅2 H2O (H2pxt=6‐hydroxypurine, 1⋅2 H2O), which became a microporous framework [Co3(OH)4(Hpxt)2] (1) through a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation. Compound 1⋅2 H2O shows a three‐dimensional umr topological structure with two types of spiral channels constructed by rod‐shaped {Co3(μ‐OH)4(N‐C‐N)2(N‐C‐C‐O)2} second building units (SBUs). The larger channel is filled by fourfold spiral water chains. An unprecedented μ5‐O6,N3,N7,N9 coordination mode of the Hpxt anion was observed. Both complexes 1⋅2 H2O and 1 qualitatively show similar metamagnetism from anti‐parallel to parallel ferromagnetic cobalt‐hydroxide chains. Compared with 1⋅2 H2O, a smaller Curie constant and more negative Weiss constant in 1 indicate that the helical water chains tend to suppress antiferromagnetic coupling between Co3(OH)4 ferromagnetic chains. Detailed magnetic studies of 1⋅2 H2O revealed that the competitive interactions between interchain antiferromagnetic exchange coupling and single‐ion anisotropy of CoII resulted in a partly canted antiferromagnetic sate in low fields. Anti‐parallel arrangement of adjacent ferromagnetic chains in middle fields gives 3D antiferromagnetic ordering, and magnetic ground states in high fields are a parallel arrangement of ferromagnetic chains.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structure, Magnetism, and Optical Properties of the Ordered Interlanthanide Copper Chalcogenides Ln2YbCuQ5 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Q: S, Se): Evidence for Unusual Magnetic Ordering in Sm2YbCuS5.
Authors: Jin Geng Bang , Choi Eun Sang , Guertin Robert P. , Booth Corwin H. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe black title compounds are synthesized by reactions of the elements in Sb2Q3 (Q: S, Se) fluxes at 900 °C for 7 d and characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS/NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: A Structural Comparison Between a New Quaternary Nitride, Ba3GeMgN4, and Its Isostructural Sr Analogue.
Authors: Park Dong Gon , DiSalvo Francis J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSingle crystals of Ba3GeMgN4 are synthesized by reaction of the corresponding metals and NaN3 in a sodium flux (sealed Nbtube, 760 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Family of Fast Sodium Ion Conductors: Na2M2TeO6 (M: Ni, Co, Zn, Mg).
Authors: Evstigneeva Maria A. , Nalbandyan Vladimir B. , Petrenko Aleksandr A. , Medvedev Boris S. , Kataev Aleksandr A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe new solid electrolytes of title are synthesized by solid state reactions at 600—820 °C in air and characterized by powder XRD, redox titration, impedance, and polarization measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Properties of Gd7NiPd2 Single Crystal.
Authors: Oboz M. , Talik E. , Kusz J. , Winiarski Kusz A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA single crystal of the title compound is prepared by the Czochralski method from a levitated melt and characterized by single crystal XRD, XPS, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Indium‐Mediated Allenylation of N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Imino Ester: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Allenylglycines.
Authors: Jin Shen‐Shuang , Xu Ming‐Hua 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated by conversion of ester (IIIa) into cis‐substituted proline derivatives in a highly diastereoselective way.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters by Inter‐ and Intramolecular Nitro‐Michael Additions Catalyzed by Bifunctional Thioureas.
Authors: Manzano Ruben , Andres Jose M. , Muruzabal Maria D. , Pedrosa Rafael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe method is used for the enantioselective synthesis of GW 3600 (X), a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor.