bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol use, related problems and psychological health in college students
Authors: Perera Bilesha , Torabi Mohammad , Kay Noy S. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, psychological distress, anxiety and depression mood and the relationship between these variables in a sample of 534 college students in the USA. In college men, 91% were current alcohol users (those who use alcohol at least once a month) and in college women 80% were current alcohol users (p<0.01). Current users were further divided into two groups, moderate and heavy, considering the amount and frequency of alcohol use. Beer was more popular among moderate users than heavy users in both sexes. Over 90% of both moderate and heavy users in both men and women had used hard liquor in the 30-day period preceding the survey. College men had more alcohol-related problems than did college women. Blackouts, getting into fights and not being able to meet school responsibilities were the common alcohol-related adverse outcomes reported by the participants. No associations were found between alcohol use and distress and between alcohol use and depressive mood. Mean values of the anxiety scores, however, were higher in moderate users in the male sample compared to that of the female sample. The findings have implications for theories of alcohol-related psychological health in college students.
Cross-cultural validity of the scale for interpersonal behavior
Authors: Nota Laura , Arrindell Willem A. , Soresi Salvatore , van der Ende Jan , Sanavio Ezio 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The Scale for Interpersonal Behavior (SIB) is a 50-item multidimensional measure of difficulty and distress in assertiveness. The SIB assesses negative assertion, expression of and dealing with personal limitations, initiating assertiveness and positive assertion. The SIB was originally developed in the Netherlands. The present study attempted to replicate the original factors with an Italian student sample (n=995). The four distress and four performance factors were replicable across two methods of analysis (the multiple group method of confirmatory analysis and Tucker's coefficient of congruence ϕ). The corresponding scales were internally consistent and showed predicted patterns of correlations with a measure of self-efficacy. Sex and age differences in assertiveness were generally negligible. Italian students had higher positive assertion-performance scores than the Dutch and comparable scores on other performance scales; by contrast, the Italian subjects had significantly higher scores on all SIB distress scales than their Dutch equivalents. This was ascribed to the stronger pressure on people in Italian society to behave assertively (Hofstede's National Masculinity score=70) as opposed to the Dutch society (National Masculinity score=14).
Level of training of nursing staff and the autonomy given to psychiatric inpatients: a multicenter study
Authors: Leibovich Vadim , Keilikhis Yacov , Barzilay Aliza , Cohen Dorit , Shoval Gal , Schapir Lior , Libman Anet , Kigli Ronit Shemesh , Marcus Ilana , Weizman Abraham , Merrick Joav , Zalsman Gil 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis research examines the influence of the level of profes­sional training of the caretaking staff in psychiatric wards, the type of wards in which a patient is treated and the patient's age compared with the level of limitation put on patient autonomy. Detailed questionnaires were administered to 296 nurses from five mental health centers who met inclusion criteria for the study. The level of autonomy restriction was measured using six representative cases from fieldwork of the interviewees. These cases were analyzed by the authors based on Collopy's theory, by categorizing the data according to the six polarities of autonomy presented in his work. Our findings suggest a positive correlation between the level of professional training of the nursing staff, patient's age and the level of autonomy given. Our findings did not show a significant relationship between the type of ward and level of autonomy, although there could be a tendency for higher autonomy within closed wards.
A pilot study: pain, fatigue and stress in maternal relatives of adolescent female psychiatric inpatients assessed for juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Lommel Karen , Bamford Jaime , Jhavari Malhar , Martin Catherine , Crofford Leslie 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background: This study was designed to assess the presence of pain and impaired functioning in the maternal relatives of adolescent females in an inpatient adolescent psychiatric population. We compared the relatives of adolescents who met the criteria for juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS) to relatives of adolescents who did not meet the criteria for JPFS.

Methods: A total of 55 biological maternal relatives of adolescent females admitted to a psychiatric unit were recruited to participate in the study. Participants completed four self-administered questionnaires: Multidimensional Fatigue Inve­ntory, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Medical Outcomes Survey (SF36v2), and the EPIFUND Health Survey.

Results: The maternal relatives of adolescents who met the criteria for JPFS did not score higher than the maternal relatives of adolescents who did not meet the criteria for JPFS. However, all maternal relatives consistently scored higher on self-reported measures of pain, impaired functioning, fatigue, and fibromyalgia symptoms than the average patient diagnosed with fibromyalgia or a chronic pain syndrome.

Conclusion: Mood disorders and pain disorders share genetic risk factors and vulnerability. Future research is needed to further delineate other factors impacting the maternal caregivers' functioning. These could include stress associated with an adolescent child with psychiatric issues severe enough to warrant hospitalization.
Iron deficiency anemia presenting as pancytopenia in an adolescent girl
Authors: Jhamb Rajat , Kumar Ashok 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIron deficiency anemia is commonly associated with thrombocytosis and normal leukocyte count. Thrombocytopenia has occasionally been reported in iron deficiency anemia, but pancytopenia is very rare. We present a case of a young female who presented with iron deficiency anemia associated with pancytopenia that improved with iron replenishment after initial deterioration, the mechanism of which is also discussed in this case report. This case illustrates two uncommon associations of a very common disease: severe iron deficiency can be associated with pancytopenia and can be initially worsened by iron replacement despite normal serum B12and folic acid levels.
Residential care centers for persons with intellectual disability in Israel. Trends in the number of children 1999–2008
Authors: Merrick Joav , Kandel Isack , Lotan Meir , Aspler Shoshana , Fuchs Brian Seth , Morad Mohammed 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In 1998, a questionnaire was developed by the Health Services, Office of the Medical Director at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services. This questionnaire was aimed to assess, on a yearly basis, the health of the residents with intellectual disability and the services provided to them by specific residential care centers within Israel. The present study was conducted to examine trends in the number of children with intellectual disability in residential care centers in Israel during 1999–2008. We demonstrated a clear downward trend with regard to the percent of children living in residential care facilities, from 18.1% of the total population in 1999 to 12.8% in 2008.
The Evaluation of Affecting Factors of the Chinese Language Learner Market
Authors: Wang Su-Man 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe global scale and speed of the Chinese boom has caused concern in the worldwide community. One concern is the increase in popularity of the Chinese language, possibly paving its way to develop into a dominant language of the world. The widespread use of computers has made learning Chinese more readily available to a diverse amount of people, thus affecting how the Chinese language is learned and making it important to research its impact in the decision-making market. Based on the Fuzzy Delphi method, Chinese language learners first choose the affecting factors influencing their decision to learn the Chinese language. Then, the Analytic Hierarchy Process builds on the Chinese language learning marketing decision-making model, exploring the Chinese language learners’ alternatives and the importance of the affecting factors. Finally, sensitivity analysis examines the weight of various criteria for selecting learning methods and their marketing implications. The results of this study provide a view of how promoting Chinese language teaching is relevant to the development of marketing plans in Taiwan.
Polish onomastic derivatives in the contemporary political discourse in the light of internationalization of Slavic languages
Authors: Konieczna Ewa 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
This paper investigates the morphological and semantic structure of Polish onomastic derivatives, which became both a medium of journalistic expression and a weapon used in political fight after the year 1989. It is argued that the majority of these eponyms are created by means of foreign affixes, which is seen as a sign of progressing internationalization of Slavic languages, increasingly relying on non-native affixes and derivational patterns. Moreover, the role of the pragmatic context in encoding and decoding these novel coinages is highlighted.
Inferring Population Decline and Expansion From Microsatellite Data: A Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Msvar Method
Authors: Girod Christophe , Vitalis Renaud , Leblois Raphaël , Fréville Hélène 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReconstructing the demographic history of populations is a central issue in evolutionary biology. Using likelihood-based methods coupled with Monte Carlo simulations, it is now possible to reconstruct past changes in population size from genetic data. Using simulated data sets under various demographic scenarios, we evaluate the statistical performance of Msvar, a full-likelihood Bayesian method that infers past demographic change from microsatellite data. Our simulation tests show that Msvar is very efficient at detecting population declines and expansions, provided the event is neither too weak nor too recent. We further show that Msvar outperforms two moment-based methods (the M-ratio test and Bottleneck) for detecting population size changes, whatever the time and the severity of the event. The same trend emerges from a compilation of empirical studies. The latest version of Msvar provides estimates of the current and the ancestral population size and the time since the population started changing in size. We show that, in the absence of prior knowledge, Msvar provides little information on the mutation rate, which results in biased estimates and/or wide credibility intervals for each of the demographic parameters. However, scaling the population size parameters with the mutation rate and scaling the time with current population size, as coalescent theory requires, significantly improves the quality of the estimates for contraction but not for expansion scenarios. Finally, our results suggest that Msvar is robust to moderate departures from a strict stepwise mutation model.
Joint Inference of Microsatellite Mutation Models, Population History and Genealogies Using Transdimensional Markov Chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Wu Chieh-Hsi , Drummond Alexei J 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe provide a framework for Bayesian coalescent inference from microsatellite data that enables inference of population history parameters averaged over microsatellite mutation models. To achieve this we first implemented a rich family of microsatellite mutation models and related components in the software package BEAST. BEAST is a powerful tool that performs Bayesian MCMC analysis on molecular data to make coalescent and evolutionary inferences. Our implementation permits the application of existing nonparametric methods to microsatellite data. The implemented microsatellite models are based on the replication slippage mechanism and focus on three properties of microsatellite mutation: length dependency of mutation rate, mutational bias toward expansion or contraction, and number of repeat units changed in a single mutation event. We develop a new model that facilitates microsatellite model averaging and Bayesian model selection by transdimensional MCMC. With Bayesian model averaging, the posterior distributions of population history parameters are integrated across a set of microsatellite models and thus account for model uncertainty. Simulated data are used to evaluate our method in terms of accuracy and precision of θ estimation and also identification of the true mutation model. Finally we apply our method to a red colobus monkey data set as an example.
Quantitative Epigenetics Through Epigenomic Perturbation of Isogenic Lines
Authors: Johannes Frank , Colomé-Tatché Maria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInterindividual differences in chromatin states at a locus (epialleles) can result in gene expression changes that are sometimes transmitted across generations. In this way, they can contribute to heritable phenotypic variation in natural and experimental populations independent of DNA sequence. Recent molecular evidence shows that epialleles often display high levels of transgenerational instability. This property gives rise to a dynamic dimension in phenotypic inheritance. To be able to incorporate these non-Mendelian features into quantitative genetic models, it is necessary to study the induction and the transgenerational behavior of epialleles in controlled settings. Here we outline a general experimental approach for achieving this using crosses of epigenomically perturbed isogenic lines in mammalian and plant species. We develop a theoretical description of such crosses and model the relationship between epiallelic instability, recombination, parent-of-origin effects, as well as transgressive segregation and their joint impact on phenotypic variation across generations. In the limiting case of fully stable epialleles our approach reduces to the classical theory of experimental line crosses and thus illustrates a fundamental continuity between genetic and epigenetic inheritance. We consider data from a panel of Arabidopsis epigenetic recombinant inbred lines and explore estimates of the number of quantitative trait loci for plant height that resulted from a manipulation of DNA methylation levels in one of the two isogenic founder strains.
Tissue Specificity of Caenorhabditis elegans Enhanced RNA Interference Mutants
Authors: Zhuang Jimmy J , Hunter Craig P 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Gene knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans is readily achieved by feeding bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Enhanced RNAi (Eri) mutants facilitate RNAi due to their hypersensitivity to dsRNA. Here, we compare eight Eri mutants for sensitivity to ingested dsRNA, targeting a variety of tissue-specific genes.
The Putzig-NURF Nucleosome Remodeling Complex Is Required for Ecdysone Receptor Signaling and Innate Immunity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kugler Sabrina J , Gehring Eva-Maria , Wallkamm Veronika , Krüger Victoria , Nagel Anja C 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Putzig (Pzg) was originally identified as being an integral component of the TRF2/DREF complex in Drosophila melanogaster, thereby regulating the transcriptional activation of replication-related genes. In a DREF-independent manner, Pzg was shown to mediate Notch target gene activation. This function of Pzg entails an association with the nucleosome remodeling factor complex NURF, which directly binds the ecdysone receptor EcR and coregulates targets of the EcR via the NURF-specific subunit Nurf-301. In contrast, Nurf-301 acts as a negative regulator of JAK/STAT signaling. Here, we provide evidence to show that Pzg is fundamental for these functions of NURF, apart from the regulation of Notch signaling activity. A jump-out mutagenesis provided us with a pzg null mutant displaying early larval lethality, defects in growth, and molting accompanied by aberrant feeding behavior. We show that Pzg is associated with EcR in vivo and required for the transcriptional induction of EcR target genes, whereas reduced ecdysteroid levels imply a NURF-independent function of Pzg. Moreover, pzg interferes with JAK/STAT-signaling activity by acting as a corepressor of Ken. Lamellocyte differentiation was consistently affected in a JAK/STAT mutant background and the expression level of defense response genes was elevated in pzg mutants, leading to the formation of melanotic tumors. Our results suggest that Pzg acts as an important partner of NURF in the regulation of EcR and JAK/STAT signaling.
Noncontact, in-line measurement of boron concentration from ultrathin boron-doped epitaxial Si1–xGex layers on Si(100) by multiwavelength micro-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Fen Tzeng Yu , Ku Scott , Chang Stock , Yang Chi Ming , Chern Chyi Shieng , Lin John , Hasuike Noriyuki , Harima Hiroshi , Ueda Takeshi , Ishigaki Toshikazu , Kang Kitaek , Yoo Woo Sik 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Reduction in 24‐Hour Plasma Testosterone Levels in Subjects Who Showered 15 or 30 Minutes After Application of Testosterone Gel
Authors: de Ronde Willem , Vogel Syarda , Bui Hong N. , Heijboer Annemieke C. 
Published: March 2011

Study Objective. To investigate whether showering, to prevent the involuntary transfer of testosterone to others through skin contact, either 15 or 30 minutes after application of testosterone gel would significantly affect plasma testosterone levels.Design. Prospective 3‐way crossover trial.Setting. University hospital in the Netherlands.Subjects. Ten agonadal female‐to‐male transsexuals who had sex‐reassignment surgery at least 3 months earlier.Intervention. Subjects were randomized to one of three application regimens for testosterone gel 50 mg/day, each lasting 7 days: testosterone application after showering (standard regimen), shower was taken 30 minutes after testosterone application, or shower was taken 15 minutes after testosterone application. Subjects then crossed over to each of the other two application regimens for a total of 21 days of study participation.Measurements and Main Results. On day 7 of each application regimen, mean plasma testosterone levels were determined before testosterone application and at 1, 4, 7, and 10 hours after application. With the standard regimen, mean plasma testosterone levels at all time points after application were in the normal range: mean ± SD average concentration 994 ± 1026 ng/dl. When a shower was taken 30 or 15 minutes after application, plasma testosterone levels at 1, 4, 7, and 10 hours were significantly lower: mean ± SD average concentration 401 ± 231 ng/dl for 30 minutes after application (p<0.01) and 320 ± 248 ng/dl for 15 minutes after application (p<0.01).Conclusion. Showering within 30 minutes after application of testosterone gel 50 mg/day reduces absorption of testosterone and results in unaccept‐ably low plasma testosterone levels in most users. Therefore, this strategy cannot be recommended to prevent involuntary transfer of testosterone.
Drug Misuse and Diversion in Adults Prescribed Anxiolytics and Sedatives
Authors: McLarnon Megan E. , Monaghan Tracy L. , Stewart Sherry H. , Barrett Sean P. 
Published: March 2011

Study Objective. To identify patterns of misuse and diversion of anxiolytic and sedative drugs among a sample of adults prescribed these drugs.Design. Cross‐sectional study.Setting. University research center in Canada.Participants. Sixty‐seven adults (aged 19–61 yrs) who had current prescriptions for anxiolytic or sedative drugs.Intervention. Face‐to‐face interviews and questionnaires were used to gather information on demographics as well as variables relating to drug misuse and diversion such as personality dimensions, psychiatric symptoms, and other substance use.Measurements and Main Results. Of the 67 participants, 36 (54%) reported misusing their drugs on at least one occasion, and 35 (52%) reported diverting their drugs at least once. A variety of forms of anxiolytic or sedative misuse were reported, including exceeding the recommended dosage (28 participants [42%]), deliberately using the drug with alcohol or another drug (27 [40%]), or taking it by an alternate route of administration (5 [7%]). Misuse and diversion were associated with a history of substance use and substance‐related problems, as well as personality characteristics relating to impulsivity and hopelessness. Diversion was also associated with an increased likelihood of having taken any psychoactive prescription drug without having a valid prescription for it.Conclusion. A variety of forms of drug misuse and diversion occurred among this population of adults who were prescribed anxiolytics or sedatives. Likelihood of engaging in misuse or diversion was associated with other substance use, substance use disorders, and personality characteristics. Despite the modest sample size and cross‐sectional design, this study identified substantial heterogeneity in prescription anxiolytic and sedative misuse, suggesting that the use of clearly defined operational criteria will be essential in future efforts to further characterize this phenomenon.
The Unintentional Injurer: Results From the Boston Youth Survey
Authors: Hemenway David , Solnick Sara J. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. We sought to provide additional information about the characteristics of adolescents who were most likely to cause unintentional injury to other people. Methods. In 2008, as part of a randomized survey of high-school students in the Boston Public School system, more than 1800 respondents answered questions about unintentionally causing an injury to someone else in the past year. Results. More than 20% of boys and 13% of girls reported unintentionally injuring another person in the past year. Being male, exercising, participating in organized activities, and having carried a knife were risk factors for unintentionally causing an injury during sports. Using illegal drugs, having friends who are a bad influence, and having carried a knife were risk factors for unintentionally causing an injury not associated with sports. Conclusions. Unintentionally injuring another person is a fairly common event for high-school students. Characteristics differ between adolescents who unintentionally injure others during sports versus those who unintentionally injure others during nonsports activities. Many of the risk factors for causing unintentional injury unrelated to sports are similar to those for intentionally causing injury.