bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEEK Versus Ti Interbody Fusion Devices
Authors: Pelletier Matthew Henry , Cordaro Nicholas , Punjabi Vaibhav M. , Waites Matthew , Lau Abe , Walsh William R. 
Published: July 2012

Study Design:
Comparative evaluation of in vitro and in vivo biomechanics, resulting fusion and histomorphometric aspects of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) versus titanium (Ti) interbody fusion devices in an animal model with similar volumes of bone graft.

Objective:
Identify differences in the characteristics of fusion and biomechanics immediately following implantation (time 0) and at 26 weeks with each interbody implant.

Summary of Background Data:
PEEK has been well accepted in spinal surgery, it provides a closer match to the mechanical properties of bone than metallic implants such as Ti. This is thought to reduce graft stress shielding and subsidence of interbody fusion devices. There remains controversy as to the overall influence of this as a factor influencing resultant fusion and initial stability. Although material modulus is 1 factor of importance, other design factors are likely to play a large role determining overall performance of an interbody implant.

Methods:
A Ti and PEEK device of similar size with a central void to accommodate graft material were compared. The PEEK device had a ridged surface on the caudal and cephalad surfaces, whereas Ti device allowed axial compliance and had bone ingrowth endplates and polished internal surfaces. A 2-level ALIF was performed in 9 sheep and fusion, biomechanics, and bone apposition were evaluated at 26 weeks. Time 0 in vitro biomechanical tests were performed to establish initial stability immediately after implantation.

Results:
No differences were detected in the biomechanical measures of each of the devices in in vitro time 0 tests. All levels were fused by 26 weeks with considerably lower range of motion when compared with in vitro tests. Range of motion in all modes of bending was reduced by over 70% when compared with intact values for axial rotation (Ti-74%, PEEK-71%), lateral bending (Ti-90%, PEEK-88%), and flexion/extension (Ti-92%, PEEK-91%). Mechanical properties of fusions formed with each implant did not differ; however, bone apposition was variable with polished internal Ti surfaces being lower than PEEK and treated Ti endplates showing the greatest levels. Graft material displayed axial trabecular alignment with both implants.

Conclusions:
Although material properties and surface characteristics resulted in differing amounts of biological integration from the host, both implants were capable of producing excellent fusion results using similar volumes of bone graft.
A Mathematical Model for BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-Mediated Signaling in Root Growth and Hypocotyl Elongation
Authors: van Esse G. Wilma , van Mourik Simon , Stigter Hans , ten Hove Colette A. , Molenaar Jaap , de Vries Sacco C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBrassinosteroid (BR) signaling is essential for plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), BRs are perceived by the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) receptor. Root growth and hypocotyl elongation are convenient downstream physiological outputs of BR signaling. A computational approach was employed to predict root growth solely on the basis of BRI1 receptor activity. The developed mathematical model predicts that during normal root growth, few receptors are occupied with ligand. The model faithfully predicts root growth, as observed in bri1 loss-of-function mutants. For roots, it incorporates one stimulatory and two inhibitory modules, while for hypocotyls, a single inhibitory module is sufficient. Root growth as observed when BRI1 is overexpressed can only be predicted assuming that a decrease occurred in the BRI1 half-maximum response values. Root growth appears highly sensitive to variation in BR concentration and much less to reduction in BRI1 receptor level, suggesting that regulation occurs primarily by ligand availability and biochemical activity.
Comparative ultrastructural studies of the alterations to mouse lung parenchyma during Trichinella spiralis or Toxocara canis infection
Authors: DABROWSKA J. , WALSKI M. , DYBICZ M. , DOLIGALSKA M. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryTrichinella spiralis and Toxocara canis larvae migrated through the lung and induced many alterations in the lung parenchyma. Using electron microscopy, we identified and described the histopathological changes. These changes resulted from mechanical damage or from local inflammatory reactions provoked by larvae. The pattern of changes was described between 6 and 12 days post‐infection (DPI) with T. spiralis larvae, and between 21 and 28 DPI with T. canis. The ultrastructural studies demonstrated that T. spiralis larvae migrating through the lungs evoked mainly destruction of type I epithelial cells, destruction of lamellar bodies of epithelial cells or extracellular alveolar lining layer. The severity of these changes was dependent on the number of infective larvae (400 or 800 T. spiralis larvae) and possibly the result of mechanical damage in the lung parenchyma. In contrast, infection with T. canis larvae initiated mainly eosinophilic perivasculitis and vasculitis as well as macrophage accumulation in the lung, which were additionally impacted by numerous crystalloid inclusions in macrophages. Trichinella spiralis larvae and T. canis larvae induced different pathological changes in the lungs of infected mice.
Comparative microscopic and molecular analysis of Thatcher near‐isogenic lines with wheat leaf rust resistance genes Lr2a, Lr3, LrB or Lr9 upon challenge with different Puccinia triticina races
Authors: Wang X. , McCallum B. D. , Fetch T. , Bakkeren G. , Marais G. F. , Saville B. J. 
Published: July 2012

Thatcher near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat carrying resistance gene Lr2a, Lr3, LrB or Lr9 were inoculated with Puccinia triticina races of virulence phenotype BBBD, MBDS, SBDG and FBDJ. Puccinia triticina infection structures were analysed under the fluorescence microscope over a course of 14 days after inoculation (dai). The relative proportion of P. triticina and wheat genomic DNA in infected leaves was estimated with a semiquantitative multiplex PCR analysis using P. triticina‐ and wheat‐specific primers. The occurrence of a hypersensitive response (HR), cellular lignification and callose deposition in inoculated plants was investigated microscopically. In interactions producing highly resistant infection type (IT) ‘0;’, a maximum of two haustorial mother cells per infection site were produced, and there was no increase in the proportion of P. triticina genomic DNA in infected leaves, indicating the absence of P. triticina growth. In comparison, sizes of P. triticina colonies increased gradually in interactions producing moderately resistant IT ‘1’ and ‘2’, with the highest proportion of P. triticina genomic DNA found in leaves sampled at 14 dai. In interactions producing susceptible IT ‘3–4’, the highest proportion of P. triticina genomic DNA was found in leaves sampled at 10 dai (45·5–51·5%). HR and cellular lignification were induced in interactions producing IT ‘0;’ and ‘1’ at 1 dai but they were not observed in interactions producing IT ‘2’ until 2 dai. No HR or cellular lignification were induced in interactions producing susceptible IT ‘3–4’. Furthermore, a strong deposition of callose was induced in Lr9 + BBBD and Lr9 + FBDJ (IT ‘0;’), whereas this defence response was not induced in resistant or susceptible interactions involving Lr2a, Lr3 or LrB, indicating that Lr9 mediated resistance was different from that conditioned by Lr2a, Lr3 or LrB.
Neuroprotective effects of phenolic antioxidant tBHQ associate with inhibition of FoxO3a nuclear translocation and activity
Authors: Bahia Parmvir K. , Pugh Victoria , Hoyland Kimberley , Hensley Victoria , Rattray Marcus , Williams Robert J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe Forkhead transcription factor, FoxO3a induces genomic death responses in neurones following translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Nuclear translocation of FoxO3a is triggered by trophic factor withdrawal, oxidative stress and the stimulation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Receptor activation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)–Akt signalling pathways retains FoxO3a in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting the transcriptional activation of death‐promoting genes. We hypothesized that phenolic antioxidants such as tert‐Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), which is known to stimulate PI3K–Akt signalling, would inhibit FoxO3a translocation and activity. Treatment of cultured cortical neurones with NMDA increased the nuclear localization of FoxO3a, reduced the phosphorylation of FoxO3a, increased caspase activity and up‐regulated Fas ligand expression. In contrast the phenolic antioxidant, tBHQ, caused retention of FoxO3a in the cytosol coincident with enhanced PI3K‐ dependent phosphorylation of FoxO3a. tBHQ‐induced nuclear exclusion of FoxO3a was associated with reduced FoxO‐mediated transcriptional activity. Exposure of neurones to tBHQ inhibited NMDA‐induced nuclear translocation of FoxO3a, prevented NMDA‐induced up‐regulation of FoxO‐mediated transcriptional activity, blocked caspase activation and protected neurones from NMDA‐induced excitotoxic death. Collectively, these data suggest that phenolic antioxidants such as tBHQ oppose stress‐induced activation of FoxO3a and therefore have potential neuroprotective utility in neurodegeneration.
SnoN activates p53 directly to regulate aging and tumorigenesis
Authors: Pan Deng , Zhu Qingwei , Conboy Michael J. , Conboy Irina M. , Luo Kunxin 
Published: July 2012

SummaryWe have identified SnoN as a direct activator of p53 to accelerate aging and inhibit tumorigenesis. SnoN has been shown previously to promote proliferation and transformation by antagonizing TGFβ signaling. We show that elimination of this TGFβ antagonistic activity of SnoN in vivo results in accelerated aging and resistance to tumorigenesis. The SnoN knockin mice display a shortened lifespan, decreased reproductivity, osteoporosis, reduced regenerative capacity, and other aging phenotypes, similar to that found in mice expressing an active p53. These activities of SnoN rely on the ability of SnoN to activate p53. SnoN can bind directly to p53 and compete with Mdm2 for binding to p53, preventing p53 ubiquitination and degradation and additionally facilitating p53 acetylation and phosphorylation. SnoN also binds to p53 on the promoter of p53 responsive genes to promote transcription activation. This activation of p53 by SnoN is necessary for its antitumorigenic and progeria activities in vivo because elimination of one copy of p53 reverses the aging phenotypes and accelerates tumorigenesis. Thus, we have revealed a novel function of SnoN in regulating aging and tumorigenesis by directly activating p53.
Validation of the Vancouver Chest Pain Rule: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jalili Mohammad , Hejripour Zia , Honarmand Amir Reza , Pourtabatabaei Nasim 
Published: July 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:837–842 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The objective was to validate the Vancouver Chest Pain Rule in an emergency department (ED) setting to identify very‐low‐risk patients with acute chest pain.Methods:  A prospective cohort study was conducted on consecutive patients 25 years of age and older presenting to the ED with a chief complaint of acute chest pain during January 2009 to July 2009. According to the Vancouver Chest Pain Rule, cardiac history, chest pain characteristics, physical and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, and cardiac biomarker measurement (creatine kinase‐myocardial band isoenzyme [CK‐MB]) were used to identify patients with very low risk for developing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 30 days. The primary outcome was defined as developing ACS (myocardial infarction or non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction [MI]/unstable angina) within 30 days of ED presentation, and all diagnoses were made using predefined explicit criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated.Results:  Of 593 patients who were eligible for evaluation, 39 (6.6%) developed MI and 43 (7.3%) developed unstable angina. Among all patients, 292 (49.2%) patients could have been assigned to the very‐low‐risk group and discharged after a brief ED assessment according to the Vancouver Chest Pain Rule. Among these patients, four (1.4%) developed ACS within 30 days. Sensitivity of the rule was 95.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 88.0% to 98.7%), specificity was 56.3% (95% CI = 52.0% to 60.7%), positive prediction value was 25.9% (95% CI = 21.0% to 31.0%), and negative prediction value was 98.6% (95% CI = 96.5% to 99.6%).Conclusions:  This study showed a lower sensitivity and higher specificity when applying the Vancouver Chest Pain Rule to this population as compared to the original study.
Effect of Sex Offenders Treatment Program on Cognitive and Emotional Characteristics of Mentally Ill Sex Offenders
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Hyun , Choi Sang Sub , Rhee Moon Sung , Kim Sun Bum , Joung Ji Sook , Kim Eun Hye 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study assessed the effect of a 10‐week cognitive behavior treatment program in 30 mentally ill sex offenders. The effect of the program was evaluated using the Interpersonal Responsiveness Index (IRI), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLALS), Coping Using Sex Inventory (CUSI), and Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (RMAS). Data were analyzed using the paired t‐test. The ability of sex offenders to cope with sexual acts when they faced stressful situations and to accept the rape myth was significantly improved on CUSI (t = 2.09, p = 0.04) and RMAS (t = 5.45, p < 0.001). Feelings of isolation and the ability to empathize based on IRI (t = 0.62, p = 0.54) and UCLALS (t = 0.88, p = 0.38) were not significantly improved. To prevent recidivism, treatment for mentally ill sex offenders should focus on changes in their cognitive and emotional characteristics in addition to their main psychiatric illness.
Immediate Restoration of Single Tapered Implants with Nonoccluding Provisional Crowns: A 5‐Year Clinical Prospective Study
Authors: Lang Lisa A. , Turkyilmaz Ilser , Edgin Wendell A. , Verrett Ronald , Garcia Lily T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundDental literature has limited number of publications regarding long‐term outcome data of immediate restoration of single missing teeth with an implant‐supported provisional crown.PurposeThis 5‐year study evaluated hard and soft tissue responses to the immediate placement of single implant‐supported provisional crowns.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients received one dental implant restored immediately with a provisional acrylic resin screw‐retained crown. Crestal bone loss was evaluated from standardized periapical radiographs collected at 3‐month intervals for the first 21 months followed by a 5‐year evaluation. Historical controls acquired from available dental literature were used for comparison.ResultsOne implant failed within 2 months of surgical placement, presenting with pain and mobility. The remaining implants demonstrated no infection, pain, or radiolucencies. Nineteen implants were clinically immobile, osseointegrated, and asymptomatic at 21 months. At 5 years, one patient died, three patients were noncompliant, and 15 implants were evaluated as functional. Mean bone loss (MBL) at 1 year and 21 months was approximately 0.5 ± 0.5 mm and 0.70 ± 0.26 mm at 5 years. There was no statistically significant difference between MBLs at p < 0.05.ConclusionsImmediate provisionalization of single dental implants compares favorably with conventional loading protocols. Long‐term data suggest that immediate provisionalization of single dental implants is a viable treatment option.
Implants with Original and Non‐Original Abutment Connections
Authors: Gigandet Michel , Bigolin Gianni , Faoro Francisco , Bürgin Walter , Brägger Urs 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo test in vitro the mechanical resistance, rotational misfit and failure mode of three original implant‐abutment connections and to compare them to two connections between non‐original abutments connected to one of the original implants.Material and MethodsThree different implants with small diameters (3.3 mm for Straumann Roxolid, 3.5 mm for Nobel Biocare Replace and Astra Tech Osseospeed TX) were connected with individualized titanium abutments.Twelve implants from each system were connected to their original abutments (Straumann CARES, Nobel Biocare Procera, Astra Tech Atlantis). Twenty‐four Roxolid implants were connected with non‐original abutments using CAD/CAM procedures from the other two manufacturers (12 Nobel Biocare Procera and 12 Astra Tech Atlantis). For the critical bending test, a Zwick/Roell 1475 machine and the Xpert Zwick/Roell software were used.ResultsThe rotational misfit varied when comparing the different interfaces. The use of non‐original grade V titanium abutments on Roxolid implants increased the force needed for deformation. The fracture mode was different with one of the original connections.ConclusionsNon‐original abutments differ in design of the connecting surfaces and material and demonstrate higher rotational misfit. These differences may result in unexpected failure modes.
A randomised controlled trial of active chronic otitis media comparing courses of eardrops versus one‐off topical treatments suitable for primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare settings
Authors: Loock J.W. 
Published: July 2012

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2012, 37, 261–270Objective:  Primary: to compare one‐off administration of boric acid powder with courses of 1% acetic acid and ciprofloxacin eardrops in treating active chronic otitis media. Secondary: to evaluate the effectiveness of Quadriderm® cream in resistant active chronic otitis media; and to document side effects of these treatments, especially hearing loss.Study design:  Randomised controlled trial.Setting:  Outpatient department of a tertiary ENT unit.Participants:  Hundred and fifty‐nine patients over 6 years old with active chronic mucosal (without cholesteatoma) otitis media randomised to receive one of the three primary agents.Method:  All techniques employed were suitable for primary healthcare givers as well as specialists. After confirming eligibility, patients were randomly allocated to treatment. All ears underwent toilet with irrigation using clean water, a syringe and ambient light, with or without dry mopping, until the perforation was visible. The randomised solution was flushed through the middle ear and eustachian tube using a ‘tragal pump’ technique: saline was used as the solution for flushing in the boric acid powder arm. Patients allocated topical ear medication were given a bottle of eardrops to administer (six drops twice daily, ‘pumped in’) until finished. Those allocated boric acid powder had the external ear canals filled as a one‐off treatment. Patients were followed up monthly thereafter.Outcome measures:  Primary: Dry (inactive) middle ears as assessed by the doctor. Secondary: Patient assessment of success; microbiologic culture and sensitivity; audiologic changes because of treatment; complications of treatment; costs of therapies.Results:  Ciprofloxacin eardrops and boric acid powder were statistically superior to 1% acetic acid eardrops in rendering active chronic otitis media inactive (73% dry ears for ciprofloxacin; 67% for boric acid powder; and 24% for acetic acid). There was no difference between the success rates of ciprofloxacin eardrops and boric acid powder. Quadriderm cream was effective in 85% of patients failing first‐line therapy. No agent caused significant complications and specifically no hearing loss.Conclusions:  This study showed a single application of boric acid powder following external auditory canal irrigation until the perforation was visible to be as effective as the current best practice of topical quinolone eardrops in active chronic otitis media. Boric acid powder is inexpensive and does not require patient compliance. Boric acid powder is a viable, less costly alternative to topical antibiotic/steroid ear drops in the developing world for active chronic otitis media. Acetic acid eardrops 1% are ineffective. Quadriderm cream, given as a one‐off therapy, also appears to be effective.
Time‐course changes of muscle protein synthesis associated with obesity‐induced lipotoxicity
Authors: Masgrau Aurélie , Mishellany‐Dutour Anne , Murakami Hitoshi , Beaufrère Anne‐Marie , Walrand Stéphane , Giraudet Christophe , Migné Carole , Gerbaix Maude , Metz Lore , Courteix Daniel , Guillet Christelle , Boirie Yves 
Published: July 2012

Key points
Prolonged obesity leads to ectopic lipid accumulation in non‐adipose tissues, particularly in skeletal muscles, inducing metabolic dysfunctions (reduced glucose uptake, mitochondria dysfunction, lipotoxicity).
Several studies in humans and rodents have shown that obesity induces a short‐term increase in fat‐free mass but a long‐term decrease in skeletal muscle mass.
We investigated the mechanisms potentially involved in muscle loss by measuring simultaneously protein synthesis and lipid infiltration in different types of skeletal muscles, during the development of obesity.
Our results show that protein synthesis rate in glycolytic muscles increased together with muscle mass during the early phase of obesity development, whereas it decreased later. Reduced protein synthesis rate was associated with a high lipid accumulation in glycolytic muscles.
These results suggest that lipid accumulation in muscles during prolonged obesity is deleterious for amino acid incorporation in skeletal muscle proteins, and thus indirectly for muscle mass.
Abstract  The object of the study was to investigate the sequential changes of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle during establishment of obesity, considering muscle typology. Adult Wistar rats were fed a standard diet for 16 weeks (C; n= 14), or a high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet for 16 (HF16; n= 14) or 24 weeks (HF24; n= 15). Body composition was measured using a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scanner. The fractional synthesis rates (FSRs) of muscle protein fractions were calculated in tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus muscles by incorporation of l‐13C‐valine in muscle protein. Muscle lipid and mitochondria contents were determined using histochemical analysis. Obesity occurred in an initial phase, from 1 to 16 weeks, with an increase in weight (P < 0.05), fat mass (P < 0.001), muscle mass (P < 0.001) and FSR in TA (actin: 5.3 ± 0.2 vs. 8.8 ± 0.5% day−1, C vs. HF16, P < 0.001) compared with standard diet. The second phase, from 16 to 24 weeks, was associated with a weight stabilization, a decrease in muscle mass (P < 0.05) and a decrease in FSR in TA (mitochondrial: 5.6 ± 0.2 vs. 4.2 ± 0.4% day−1, HF16 vs. HF24, P < 0.01) compared with HF16 group. Muscle lipid content was increased in TA in the second phase of obesity development (P < 0.001). Muscle mass, lipid infiltration and muscle protein synthesis were differently affected, depending on the stage of obesity development and muscle typology. Chronic lipid infiltration in glycolytic muscle is concomitant with a reduction of muscle protein synthesis, suggesting that muscle lipid infiltration in response to a high‐fat diet is deleterious for the incorporation of amino acid in skeletal muscle proteins.