bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular structure and spermatogenesis of Amazonian freshwater cururu stingray Potamotrygon cf. histrix
Authors: Zaiden Sérgio Fonseca , Brinn Richard Phillip , Marcon Jaydione Luiz , Urbinati Elisabeth Criscuolo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe cururu stingray Potamotrygon cf. histrix, a new and endemic Amazonian freshwater species, presents appropriate characteristics for fish keeping and is exploited from its natural environment. The present study identified the testicular structure and spermatogenesis of this species. Gonads from adult male specimens were dissected, fixed and processed for histological analysis. The testes were of testicular/epigonial type. The presence of germinal papillae was observed in the upper portion of organ with primordial germ cells and Sertoli cell precursors. The testis was lobular with zonal organization and cystic gametogenesis, with the occurrence of spermatoblasts. The Sertoli cells underwent morphological modifications over the course of gamete formation. The spermatozoids had long heads and were spiraled on their own axis. Information on the reproductive biology will serve as basis for studies on the reproduction and phylogeny of this peculiar group of cartilaginous fish.
Cytochrome P450-2D6 extensive metabolizers are more vulnerable to methamphetamine-associated neurocognitive impairment: Preliminary findings
Authors: CHERNER MARIANA , BOUSMAN CHAD , EVERALL IAN , BARRON DANIEL , LETENDRE SCOTT , VAIDA FLORIN , ATKINSON J. HAMPTON , HEATON ROBERT , GRANT IGOR ,   THE HNRC GROUP
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhile neuropsychological deficits are evident among methamphetamine (meth) addicts, they are often unrelated to meth exposure parameters such as lifetime consumption and length of abstinence. The notion that some meth users develop neuropsychological impairments while others with similar drug exposure do not, suggests that there may be individual differences in vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of meth. One source of differential vulnerability could come from genotypic variability in metabolic clearance of meth, dependent on the activity of cytochrome P450-2D6 (CYP2D6). We compared neuropsychological performance in 52 individuals with a history of meth dependence according with theirCYP2D6phenotype. All were free of HIV or hepatitis C infection and did not meet dependence criteria for other substances. Extensive metabolizers showed worse overall neuropsychological performance and were three times as likely to be cognitively impaired as intermediate/poor metabolizers. Groups did not differ in their demographic or meth use characteristics, nor did they evidence differences in mood disorder or other substance use. This preliminary study is the first to suggest that efficient meth metabolism is associated with worse neurocognitive outcomes in humans, and implicates the products of oxidative metabolism of meth as a possible source of brain injury. (JINS, 2010,16, 890–901.)
HDHD1, which is often deleted in X-linked ichthyosis, encodes a pseudouridine-5′-phosphatase
Authors: Preumont Alice , Rzem Rim , Vertommen Didier , Van Schaftingen Emile 
Published: August 2010

Pseudouridine, the fifth-most abundant nucleoside in RNA, is not metabolized in mammals, but is excreted intact in urine. The purpose of the present work was to search for an enzyme that would dephosphorylate pseudouridine 5′-phosphate, a potential intermediate in RNA degradation. We show that human erythrocytes contain a pseudouridine-5′-phosphatase displaying a Km ≤ 1 μM for its substrate. The activity of the partially purified enzyme was dependent on Mg2+, and was inhibited by Ca2+ and vanadate, suggesting that it belonged to the ‘haloacid dehalogenase’ family of phosphatases. Its low molecular mass (26 kDa) suggested that this phosphatase could correspond to the protein encoded by the HDHD1 (haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing 1) gene, present next to the STS (steroid sulfatase) gene on human chromosome Xp22. Purified human recombinant HDHD1 dephosphorylated pseudouridine 5′-phosphate with a kcat of 1.6 s−1, a Km of 0.3 μM and a catalytic efficiency at least 1000-fold higher than that on which it acted on other phosphate esters, including 5′-UMP. The molecular identity of pseudouridine-5′-phosphatase was confirmed by the finding that its activity was negligible (&lt;10% of controls) in extracts of B-cell lymphoblasts or erythrocytes from X-linked ichthyosis patients harbouring a combined deletion of the STS gene (the X-linked ichthyosis gene) and the HDHD1 gene. Furthermore, pseudouridine-5′-phosphatase activity was 1.5-fold higher in erythrocytes from women compared with men, in agreement with the HDHD1 gene undergoing only partial inactivation in females. In conclusion, HDHD1 is a phosphatase specifically involved in dephosphorylation of a modified nucleotide present in RNA.
Domain structure elucidation of human decorin glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Laremore Tatiana N. , Ly Mellisa , Zhang Zhenqing , Solakyildirim Kemal , McCallum Scott A. , Owens Richard T. , Linhardt Robert J. 
Published: August 2010

The structure of the GAG (glycosaminoglycan) chain of recombinantly expressed decorin proteoglycan was examined using a combination of intact-chain analysis and domain compositional analysis. The GAG had a number-average molecular mass of 22 kDa as determined by PAGE. NMR spectroscopic analysis using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy indicated that the ratio of glucuronic acid to iduronic acid in decorin peptidoglycan was 5 to 1. GAG domains terminated with a specific disaccharide obtained by enzymatic degradation of decorin GAG with highly specific endolytic and exolytic lyases were analysed by PAGE and further depolymerized with the enzymes. The disaccharide compositional profiles of the resulting domains were obtained using LC with mass spectrometric and photometric detection and compared with that of the polysaccharide. The information obtained through the disaccharide compositional profiling was combined with the NMR and PAGE data to construct a map of the decorin GAG sequence motifs.
Down‐regulation of CREB‐binding protein expression inhibits thrombin‐induced proliferation of endothelial cells: possible relevance to PDGF‐B
Authors: Jiang Hong , Chen Jing , Wang Lang , Zhu Li‐hua , Wen Hua‐zhi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThrombin acts as a potent mitogenic factor for ECs (endothelial cells) by the release of several growth factors, including PDGF‐B (platelet‐derived growth factor‐B). CBP (CREB‐binding protein), which functions as a transcriptional coactivator, links the changes in the extracellular stimuli with alterations in gene expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that CBP could mediate thrombin‐induced proliferation of ECs via PDGF‐B‐dependent way. Short hairpin RNA was used to down‐regulate the expression of CBP in ECs. CBP and PDGF‐B levels were analysed by real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blot. To evaluate ECs proliferation, cell cycle and DNA synthesis were analysed by flow cytometry and BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) incorporation assay, respectively. PDGF‐B was involved in the mitogenic effect of thrombin on ECs. Down‐regulation of CBP attenuated ECs proliferation and inhibited cell cycle progression induced by thrombin. Silencing CBP expression also suppressed thrombin‐induced PDGF‐B expression in ECs. Mitogenic activity of thrombin was impaired by silencing CBP expression in ECs. This inhibitory effect was, in part, related to the inability to up‐regulate PDGF‐B expression in ECs. CBP could be regarded as a potential therapeutic target for vascular injury.
Transcriptome atlas of glutamine family amino acid metabolism‐related genes in eight regenerating liver cell types
Authors: Chang Cuifang , Xu Cunshuan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo explore glutamine family amino acid metabolism of eight liver cell types in rat liver regeneration, eight kinds of rat regenerating liver cells were isolated by using the combination of Percoll density gradient centrifugation and immunomagnetic bead methods, then Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array was used to detect the expression profiles of the genes associated with metabolism of glutamine family amino acid in rat liver regeneration and finally how these genes involved in activities of eight regenerating liver cell types were analysed by the methods of bioinformatics and systems biology. The results showed that in the priming stage of liver regeneration, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells transformed proline and glutamine into glutamate; hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and dendritic cells catabolized glutamate to 2‐oxoglutarate or succinate; hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells catalysed glutamate into glutamyl‐tRNA for protein synthesis; urea cycle, which degraded from arginine, was enhanced in biliary epithelia cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and dendritic cells; synthesis of polyamines from arginine was enhanced in biliary epithelia cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and dendritic cells; the content of NO was increased in sinusoidal endothelial cells and dendritic cells; degradation of proline was enhanced in hepatocytes and biliary epithelia cells. In the progress stage, biliary epithelia cells converted glutamine into GMP and glucosamine 6‐phosphate; oval cells converted glutamine into glucosamine 6‐phosphate; hepatic stellate cells converted glutamine into NAD; the content of NO, which degraded from arginine, was increased in biliary epithelia cells, oval cells, pit cells and dendritic cells. In the termination stage, oval cells converted proline into glutamate; glutamate degradation, which degraded from arginine, was enhanced in hepatocytes and dendritic cells; the content of NO was increased in oval cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, pit cells and dendritic cells. The synthesis of creatine phosphate was enhanced in hepatocytes, biliary epithelia cells, pit cells and dendritic cells in both progress and termination stages. In summary, glutamine family amino acid metabolism has some differences in liver regeneration in different liver cells.
Enhanced expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products is associated with low circulating soluble isoforms of the receptor in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tam Xystus H. L. , Shiu Sammy W. M. , Leng Lin , Bucala Richard , Betteridge D. John , Tan Kathryn C. B. 
Published: August 2010

The sRAGE [soluble RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products)] lack the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of the full-length receptor and can function as a decoy for RAGE ligands. Recent evidence suggests that sRAGE may be a potential biomarker of RAGE-mediated pathology. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between RAGE expression in peripheral blood monocytes and circulating sRAGE and esRAGE (endogenous sRAGE, a splice variant of sRAGE) in Type 2 diabetes. Protein expression of RAGE and esRAGE in monocyte cell lysate was determined by Western blot in 53 diabetic patients and 52 controls. Monocyte cell-surface-bound full-length RAGE expression was measured using flow cytometry. Serum sRAGE, esRAGE and AGE (advanced glycation end products) were assayed by ELISA. The mean HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) of the diabetic patients was 9.74% and serum AGEs was increased. Monocyte full-length RAGE expression was significantly higher in diabetic patients whereas esRAGE expression was reduced, and serum AGEs concentration was an independent determinant of monocyte cell surface full-length RAGE expression. Serum levels of sRAGE [573.3 (375.7–754.3) compared with 608.1 (405.3–940.8) pg/ml, P&lt;0.05] and esRAGE [241.8 (154.6–356.6) compared with 286.5 (202.6–390.0) pg/ml, P&lt;0.05; values are medians (interquartile range)] were decreased. There was an inverse association between monocyte RAGE expression and log(serum sRAGE) (r=−0.34, P=0.01) but not with esRAGE. In conclusion, despite an increase in full-length RAGE expression, esRAGE expression was down-regulated in the diabetic patients, and serum sRAGE and esRAGE was also reduced. Hence increased full-length RAGE levels are not associated with a similar increase in sRAGE isoforms levels.
Risk Factors for Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection in Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Wylie Matthew C. , Graham Dionne A. , Potter-Bynoe Gail , Kleinman Monica E. , Randolph Adrienne G. , Costello John M. , Sandora Thomas J. 
Published: August 2010

Objective.We sought to identify risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) to describe children who might benefit from adjunctive interventions.Design.Case-control study of children admitted to the medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) or cardiac ICU from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2007.Setting.Children's Hospital Boston is a freestanding, 396-bed quaternary care pediatric hospital with a 29-bed medical-surgical ICU and a 24-bed cardiac ICU.Patients.Case patients were patients with CLABSI who were identified by means of prospective surveillance. Control subjects were patients with a central venous catheter who were matched by ICU admission date.Methods.Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were used to identify independent risk factors for CLABSI and to derive and to validate a prediction rule.Results.Two hundred three case patients were matched with 406 control subjects. Independent predictors of CLABSI included duration of ICU central access (odds ratio [OR] for 15 or more days, 18.41 [95% confidence interval {CI} 4.10-82.56]; P < .001), central venous catheter placement in the ICU (OR for 2 or more ICU-placed catheters, 8.63 [95% CI, 2.63-28.38]; P = .001), nonoperative cardiovascular disease (OR, 7.44 [95% CI, 2.13-25.98]; P = .012), presence of gastrostomy tube (OR, 3.48 [95% CI, 1.55-7.79]; P = .003), receipt of parenteral nutrition (OR, 3.12 [95% CI, 1.55-6.32]; P= .002), and receipt of blood transfusion (OR, 2.55 [95% CI, 1.21-5.36]; P = .014). By use of risk factors known before central venous catheter placement, our model predicted CLABSI with a positive predictive value of 54% and a negative predictive value of 79%.Conclusions.Duration of central access, receipt of parenteral nutrition, and receipt of blood transfusion were confirmed as risk factors for CLABSI among children in the ICU. Newly identified risk factors include presence of gastrostomy tube, nonoperative cardiovascular disease, and ICU placement of central venous catheter. Children with these risk factors may be candidates for adjunctive interventions for CLABSI prevention.
Fungicide Resistance Among Botrytis cinerea Isolates from California Strawberry Fields
Authors: Mercier Julien , Kong Mansun , Cook Fred 
Published: August 2010

The resistance to four fungicides used for the management of Botrytis rot (gray mold) in strawberry was evaluated among 65 isolates of Botrytis cinerea from coastal California. Fungicide resistance was tested by agar diffusion assay on Czapek-Dox agar. Isolates not showing inhibition zones around wells at a discriminatory concentration were considered resistant. Concentrations of active ingredients for detecting resistance were 50 mg a.i./liter for thiophanate-methyl, 10 mg a.i./liter for fenhexamid, 50 mg a.i./liter for cyprodinil and fludioxonil (Switch pre-mix), and 100 mg a.i./liter for boscalid and pyraclostrobin (Pristine pre-mix). Most isolates (92%) in all fields surveyed were resistant to thiophanatemethyl. Resistance to the more recent products was also widespread and occurred in most fields. Overall, incidence of resistance among isolates was 25% for fenhexamid, 28% for cyprodinil/fludioxonil, and 66% for bocalid/pyraclostrobin. Resistant isolates remained uninhibited by higher concentrations, suggesting that they had become insensitive to these products when re-tested at twice and four times the discriminatory concentration. Among isolates of B. cinerea,85% were resistant to at least two products. This widespread occurrence of resistance to single site mode of action fungicides suggests that their effectiveness to control Botrytis rot might become impaired. Accepted for publication 21 June 2010. Published 6 August 2010.
High-throughput continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of Zn–Ce oxides: unprecedented solubility of Zn in the nanoparticle fluorite lattice
Authors: Kellici Suela , Gong Kenan , Lin Tian , Brown Sonal , Clark Robin J. H. , Vickers Martin , Cockcroft Jeremy K. , Middelkoop Vesna , Barnes Paul , Perkins James M. , Tighe Christopher J. , Darr Jawwad A. 
Published: August 2010

High-throughput continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis has been used as a rapid and efficient synthetic route to produce a range of crystalline nanopowders in the Ce–Zn oxide binary system. High-resolution powder X-ray diffraction data were obtained for both as-prepared and heat-treated (850°C for 10 h in air) samples using the new robotic beamline I11, located at Diamond Light Source. The influence of the sample composition on the crystal structure and on the optical and physical properties was studied. All the nanomaterials were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrophotometry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and elemental analysis (via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Initially, for ‘as-prepared’ Ce

1−
x

Zn

x

O

y

, a phase-pure cerium oxide (fluorite) structure was obtained for nominal values of
x
=0.1 and 0.2. Biphasic mixtures were obtained for nominal values of
x
in the range of 0.3–0.9 (inclusive). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the phase-pure nano-CeO
2
(
x
=0) consisted of
ca
3.7 nm well-defined nanoparticles. The nanomaterials produced herein generally had high surface areas (greater than 150 m
2
g
−1
) and possessed combinations of particle properties (e.g. bandgap, crystallinity, size, etc.) that were unobtainable or difficult to achieve by other more conventional synthetic methods.
21. On the Ground‐plan of Wing‐pattern in Nymphalids and certain other Families of the Rhopaloeerous Lepidoptera.
Authors: Schwanwitsch B. N. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.

A prototype (schema) of the wing‐pattern is constructed (Pl. I. fig. 1), which is intended as a ground‐plan of the pattern in the families Satyridæ, Morphidæ, Brassolidæ, and Nymphalidæ.
The prototype is composed of a number of dark stripes and spots, which are designated by corresponding terms. The formula of the pattern may be obtained by writing together the indices of these terms.
The prototype is realized only partially in existing patterns; the formulæ of the latter are incomplete.
In each of the families mentioned a series of patterns may be found which complement each other, and in this way it may be shown that a family realizes the prototype with sufficient compléteness. In summing up the incomplete formulæ of existing patterns we obtain a more or less complete formula of the family.
The general significance of the prototype is strengthened by the fact that about a half of the Rhopalocerous (s. str.) genera (excl. Hesperidæ) belong to the four families studied.
A partial realization of the same prototype takes place in other families of Lepidoptera.
Bipinnaria asterigera (Echinoderma), from the Northumberland Plankton
Authors: Meek Alexander 
Published: August 2010

Summary.The characters of the Bipinnaria asterigera of Nortliumberland waters are:‐Colour transparent. Shape: long anterior lobe dividing into anterior and posterior median ocesses (the former pointed, the latter expanded distally and slightly bifide); the processes are long, and the anterior dorsal process consists of three branches. Size (two forms, a low and a high): preserved they measure ca. 2.8 mm. and 8 mm. respectively; the high form measures alive ca. 15 mm.The characters of the young starfish to which it gives rise are:‐ Colour: disc or stomach brown, arms yellow. Slinps pentagonal, disc to ray as 8 t o 5; hydropore marginal. Spines, mostly simple, columnar, marginal, in several but mainly in 2 to 3 rows; adambulacral skeleton consists of an oral bearing two spines projecting towards the mouth and of rudimentary plstes external to the tube‐feet, each bearing a ventral and an external spine. Tube‐feet: one row on each side of arm, muscular and terminating in a rounded conical cap, adherent; terminal tube foot similar, and enclosed in a canal at tip of arm and protected by 1ateral spines. Internally each tube‐foot is provided with an ampulla.The original anterior interradius is that of the stone canal and hydropore. It also is the interradius of separation, which means the shedding of the larval structure anterior to the starfish, including the Oesophagus. It appears that, the oesophageal region of the stomach is rotated to the posterior of the new mouth, and the intestine is withdrawn at the p1ace of closure into the starfish.
Microscopical and Bacteriological Investigation of the Water in the Society's Aquarium
Authors: Stowell Flaxney P. , Clancey Vernon J. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.

The micro‐biological conditions existing i n the sea and fresh water circulations of t h e Aquaxiinn have been investigated, and t h e efficiency demonstrated of filtration and storage for the removal of micro‐organisms (other than bacteria). By for the largest proportion of the organisms exist in the idgal and fungal growths lining the sides and out, flows of the show‐tanks.
The success of the purification methods employed in the Aquarium is also shown by the raduction in the total number of bacteria passing from t h e show‐tanks through the circulation.
Bacteriologi‐al investigation reveals the fact that dark storage is responsible for the elimination of 66 per cent. of the ordinary bacteria and 97 percent of the so called “blood‐heat” organisms and bacteria of the human intestinal type.
34. The Menstrual Cycle of the Primates.—Part IV. Observations on the Lactation Period
Authors: Zuckerman S. 
Published: August 2010

Summary.

A Pig‐tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina) gave birth to a female baby after 171 days' gestation. The first menstruation occurred 216 days after parturition. There had been no sexual‐skin swelling in the interval.
A nursing Common Macaque (Macaca irus, M. 61) was killed approximately 114 days after parturition. She was wasted, and post‐mortem examination revealed worm‐infestation of the intestines. Her mammary glands, though they still showed marked lactation hypertrophy, were not secreting milk at the time of death. Her ovaries were inactive, and showed a large number of atretic follicles. Her uterine mucous membrane was low, with short and straight glands, and showed signs indicating that involution was still proceeding at the time of her death.
A nursing Langur (Pithecus cristata, M. 46) was shot in Borneo at a time that is estimated to have been at least two months after parturition. The ovaries, though small and contracted, contained medium‐sized follicles, the largest having an average diameter of 2·2 mm. There was no sign of a corpus luteum. Each ovary contained a large corpus candicans. The condition of her uterus was much the same as that of the nursing Common Macaque.
Four nursing Chacma Baboons (Papio porcarius, M. 20, 21, 28, 37) were shot in South Africa, two at a time estimated to have been two months, a third four months, and the fourth at an unknown time, after parturition. The reproductive organs of all four were in practically the same condition, and showed no signs of recent cyclical activity. The ovaries were small, containing no signs of copora lutea, but only resting follicles. The uteri were small and inactive, with low endometria, and showed signs indicating that involution was still proceeding at the time of death.
These data, as well as sexual‐skin observations recorded in Part I. of this series of papers, indicate that sub‐human primates experience a period of uterine and ovarian inactivity after parturition. This fact is of importance in discussions relating to periods of reproductive inactivity in monkeys, e. g., alleged breeding‐and non‐breeding seasons.