bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scaffolded learning approach to increasing student comfort with Microsoft Excel
Authors: Weathers Danny , Swain Scott D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs the availability and importance of data to support marketing decision-making continue to grow, universities need to prepare students for working in data-rich environments. Part of this preparation involves equipping students with skills necessary to access, manipulate, organize, explore, summarize, and visualize data. Microsoft Excel is a widely used tool for these tasks. We present results obtained across four years and seven sections of an undergraduate Marketing Metrics and Analytics courses that demonstrate the effectiveness of a scaffolded learning approach for enhancing student comfort with Excel. To support instructors who teach Marketing Metrics and Analytics courses, we provide the framework of assignments that we have found to effectively grow student confidence in using Excel.
Development of a microfurnace dedicated to in situ scanning electron microscope observation up to 1300 °C. III. In situ high temperature experiments
Authors: Mendonça Jérôme , Lautru Joseph , Brau Henri-Pierre , Nogues Dorian , Candeias Antoine , Podor Renaud 
Published: May 2024

The FurnaSEM microfurnace was installed in the chamber of a scanning electron microscope to carry out in situ experiments at high temperatures and test its limits. The microfurnace was used in combination with different types of detectors (Everhart–Thornley for the collection of secondary electrons in a high vacuum, gas secondary electron detector for the specific collection of secondary electrons in the presence of gas, and Karmen© detector for the collection of backscattered electrons at high temperature). Experiments carried out on various samples (metal alloys and ceramics) show that the microfurnace operates in both high-vacuum and low-vacuum modes. Temperature ramp rates during temperature cycles applied to the sample range from 1 to 120 °C/min (temperature rise) and 1 to 480 °C/min (controlled and natural cooling). The maximum temperature at which images were recorded up to 25 k × magnification was 1340 °C, with a residual air atmosphere of 120 Pa. The choice of a flat furnace with the sample placed directly above it has enabled innovative experiments to be carried out, such as low-voltage imaging (using a shorter working distance—up to 10 mm—than is possible with conventional furnaces), 3D imaging (by tilting the stage by up to 10°), and high-temperature backscattered electron imaging (using a dedicated detector).
Empowering process safety hazard awareness and technical learning in energy operations
Authors: Ledrut Laurence 
Published: May 2024

The Process Safety Management discipline is still misunderstood and deemed complex despite the efforts and progress that have been made over the past decades in the energy industry. This is important as the energy industry turns towards the energy transition and needs to remember the fundamentals of managing process safety risks in emerging technologies. At Origin Energy, leadership, risk management and learning are tightly connected when it comes to ensuring good process safety. In this context, Origin Energy’s Integrated Gas Business Unit has implemented Process Safety Management initiatives over the last 5 years grouped under three Process Safety Management strategic pillars: empowered process safety leadership; open-minded learning culture and best practice process hazard management. The aim of these initiatives was to develop a heightened process safety culture across the business unit. The approach used was to demystify process safety concepts to generate engagement and ownership at all levels. This was supplemented with implementing a companywide Engineering and Technical Community of Practice to enable sharing of technical learning across boundaries and building strong process safety risk awareness foundations supported by a Process Hazard Analysis Revalidation program.
Investigations on tip-based large area nanofabrication and nanometrology using a planar nanopositioning machine (NFM-100)
Authors: Stauffenberg Jaqueline , Belkner Johannes , Dontsov Denis , Herzog Ludwig , Hesse Steffen , Rangelow Ivo W , Ortlepp Ingo , Kissinger Thomas , Manske Eberhard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper explores large area application of tip-based nanofabrication by field emission scanning probe lithography and showcases the simultaneous possibility of atomic force microscopy on macroscopic scales. This is made possible by the combination of tip-based technology and a planar nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine. Using long range atomic force microscopy measurement of regular grating structures, the performance of the machine is thoroughly characterized over the full 100 mm range of motion of the positioning machine, which was confirmed by repeated measurements. After initially focussing on achieving the minimum line width of

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40 nm in microscopic areas, a grating with a pitch of 1 μm is additionally fabricated over a total length of 10 mm, whereby the dimensions and deviations are also considered.
Unified framework for geometric error compensation and shape-adaptive scanning in five-axis metrology systems
Authors: Zhang Wen-Hao , Yu Jing-Wei , Zhu Wu-Le , Ju Bing-Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In response to the escalating demand for precise shape metrology of complex optical surfaces, this study unveils a unified geometric error compensation and trajectory planning framework tailored for high-accuracy five-axis scanning metrology systems, which remains a notably underexplored field compared to error compensation in machine tools. Founded on a unified geometric model, the proposed framework seamlessly integrates a versatile shape-adaptive trajectory planning strategy, a thorough global error sensitivity analysis approach, and an exhaustive geometric error compensation scheme. Leveraging inverse kinematics, an innovative shape-adaptive scanning trajectory generation strategy is mathematically formulated, thereby facilitating adaptable measurement trajectory generation for diverse surface geometries. Employing forward kinematics, an exhaustive geometric error model is established to extensively address the 53 distinct geometric errors in the metrology system. This proposed error model fundamentally augments conventional geometric error models in machine tool by managing not only the geometric errors from the motion system, but also those from the probe and workpiece. To streamline the error compensation procedure, a novel global error sensitivity analysis approach is introduced, identifying both system-oriented and process-oriented sensitive geometric errors for targeted compensation. Experimental validation using a standard ball, which achieved an exceptional 89.35% reduction in the root mean square of the measurement errors, further confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework. By offering an universal trajectory planning, sensitivity analysis and error compensation trinity for five-axis scanning metrology systems, this study sets the stage for precision advancements and design optimization across diverse configurations of metrology systems.
Magnetic-induced chiral dynamics in an extended two-leg bosonic ladder
Authors: Mi Lai-Lai , Zhang Wei , Zhou Ming-Zhi , Xu Shi-Dong , Zhang Ai-Xia , Xue Ju-Kui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The realization and detection of chiral physics with ultracold atomic gases provide a unique path for the exploration of topological phases. Here, we show that the interplay of magnetic field and interacting particles in an extended two-leg ladder leads to rich chiral Bloch dynamics. Considering both the on-site contact interaction and nearest-neighbor interactions, the ground state and Bloch dynamics of the system are studied analytically and numerically. When the system is in the ground state, the threshold and phase diagram for the transition between zero-momentum state and plane-wave state are analytically obtained, showing the nearest-neighbor interactions along the legs and rungs have opposite impact on the ground state transition, providing new opportunity to manipulate the ground state transition. When the ladder is perturbated under an external linear force, chiral dephasing of Bloch oscillations (BOs), i.e. symmetry breaking damped BOs (the damping rate of BOs on one leg is larger than the other), are observed. This chirality is absent for vanishing the magnetic field and atomic interaction. Particularly, the chirality of damped BOs is inversed when the magnetic field (chiral current) is inversed. In addition, the damping of BOs induced by different types of atomic interactions is different, and the strength and damping rate of BOs initialized in different ground states are distinct, offering dynamic ways to detect the different ground states. Furthermore, the persistent chiral Bloch oscillations observed in single particle case is predicted analytically, which is a crucial requirement for observation and application of chiral BOs in nonlinear regime. Our results provide an interesting path towards the exploration of topological atomic superfluids.
Anti-scattering propagation in multiple-bend valley phononic crystals
Authors: Fan Xiying , Zhou Bin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Valley topological phononic crystals (PCs) have attracted wide attention due to the topological properties of their edge states. In general, valley interface states can exist in the interfaces that are constructed by opposite valley topological phases. Here we study the anti-scattering propagation properties of edge states in a single valley PC. We present that the edge states can exist in different boundary terminations with different band dispersions. The boundary transport behaviors of acoustic waves along the two designed PCs are demonstrated numerically. The results show that the chiral edge states are immune against additional scatterers that preserve the valley pseudospins, but the backscattering can happen when intervalley scattering is included. Nevertheless, the anti-scattering propagation in complex multiple-bend structures can be realized by the smooth transition between the edge states and the valley interface states. Similar to the designed frequency-selective device, more prospective applications can be anticipated in the manipulation of acoustic wave propagation.
Effect of biaxial tensile strain on the thermoelectric properties of monolayer ZrTiCO2
Authors: Sun Zi-Qi , Chang Wen-Li , Zhang Zi-Meng , He Xin-Huan , Zhang Ji-Long , Wei Xiao-Ping , Tao Xiaoma 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Using ab-initio calculation principle calculations, we investigate the effect of biaxial tensile strain on the stability and electronic properties of the two-dimensional double transition metal MXenes ZrTiCO2. The monolayer ZrTiCO2 has stability and semiconducting properties under different strain conditions. The results of thermoelectric properties under other strain conditions calculated by Boltzmann transport theory and Slack model show that biaxial tensile strain can improve the electrical transport properties of monolayer ZrTiCO2 materials and lead to the decrease of lattice thermal conductivity. The thermoelectric efficiency of a material can be evaluated using the figure of merit ZT. The n-type ZrTiCO2 has a maximum ZT value of 1.49 at 900 K without adding biaxial strain and reaches a ZT value of 2.86 with 2% biaxial strain. The monolayer ZrTiCO2 material has the potential to become a thermoelectric material, and its thermoelectric properties can be improved by biaxial tensile strain.
The uncertainty of quantum states with respect to the projective measurement
Authors: Zhao Ming-Jing , Tao Yuanhong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The uncertainty relation is a distinctive characteristic of quantum theory. The uncertainty is essentially rooted in quantum states. In this work we regard the uncertainty as an intrinsic property of quantum state and characterize it systematically with respect to given projective measurement. Some basic concepts about uncertainty are reformulated in this context. We prove and get the form of the uncertainty preserving operations. The quantum states with maximal uncertainty are characterized. A universal decomposition of uncertainty into classical uncertainty and quantum uncertainty is provided. Furthermore, a unified and general relation among uncertainty, coherence and coherence of assistance is established. These results are independent of any explicit uncertainty measure. At last, we propose a new uncertainty measure called the geometric uncertainty based on the fidelity and link it with the geometric coherence.
Frequency dependent polarizability of confined harmonic oscillators
Authors: Pedersen T G , Burrows B L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The D-dimensional Schrödinger equation for a confined harmonic potential perturbed by a time-dependent dipole field is analysed. The model uses exact confined solutions for the harmonic potential whereas the time-dependent field is treated using first-order time-dependent perturbation theory. Exact analytic solutions are obtained in terms of generalised Laguerre functions. This system has applications to nanostructures where there are strong confinement potentials in some dimensions and example calculations are carried out to illustrate the effect of the dimension.
Research progress on numerical simulation of arc discharge plasma process
Authors: Zhang Da , Yuan Tiejian , Ding Ruixin , Shi Song , Zeng Xiongzhi , He Yan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The arc discharge plasma (ADP) technology has been widely developed in the fields of cutting, welding, spraying and nanomaterials synthesis over the past 20 years. However, during the process of ADP, it is difficult to explain the generation and evolution of arc column, the interaction between arc column and electrodes, as well as the effect of plasma generator structure on the physical characteristics of ADP by experimental means. Therefore, numerical simulation has become an effective mean to explore the physical characteristics of ADP, but also faces severe challenges because it involves multiple physical field coupling, resolution of multiscale features as well as robustness in the presence of large gradients. From the point of view of the construction of ADP mathematical physical models and combined with the practical application of ADP, this paper systematically reviews the researches on physical properties of arc column, near-cathode region, near-anode region as well as the today’s state of the numerical simulation of plasma generators. It provides a good reference for further mastering the physical characteristics of plasma, guiding the industrial application of plasma and optimizing the design of plasma generators. Meanwhile, the relevant computational aspects are discussed and the challenges of plasma numerical simulation in the future are summarized.
Stationary two-state system in optics using layered materials
Authors: Sasaki Ken-ichi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In scenarios where electrons are confined to a flat surface, such as graphene, quantizing electrodynamics reveals intriguing insights. We find that one of Maxwell’s equations manifests as part of the Hamiltonian, leading to novel constraints on physical states due to residual gauge invariance. We identify two quantum states with zero energy expectation values: one replicates the scattering and absorption of light, a phenomenon familiar in classical optics, while the other is more fundamentally associated with photon creation. These states form an inseparable two-state system, giving a new formula for reflection and transmission coefficients with photon emission effects. Notably, there exists a special thickness of the surface where these states decouple, offering intriguing possibilities for exploring physics through symmetry-based perturbations involving concepts of parity, axial gauge fields, and surface deformation.
Understanding the shape effect on the structural, energetic, magnetic, and pressure properties of the 38 atom-Co-Fe-Pd nanoalloys using Gupta and DFT calculations
Authors: Yıldırım Hüseyin , Taran Songül , Arslan Haydar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The alloy of magnetic metals with noble metals plays a key role in showing the magnetism of 3d metals and the catalytic properties of noble metals. A growing body of evidence suggests that 38 atoms is one of the most critical sizes for Ih and TO motifs. This study analyses the roles played by the shape effect on the structures, energies, magnetism, and pressures of Co6FenPd32-n (n = 0-32) nanoalloys and provides evidence regarding this phenomenon. Therefore, this study should be of value to researchers wishing to conduct future experimental and theoretical studies on the catalytic, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of nanoalloys.
Crescent-shaped spatial distribution: radiation properties concerning beam waist from the cross collision of a tightly focused laser pulse and a relativistic electron
Authors: Li Yizhang , Yang Qingyu , Tian Youwei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The radiation properties of the cross collision between a single electron and an intense laser pulse are researched by numerical simulation methods. Under the condition of tightly-focused laser, the electron trajectories, spatiotemporal distribution and spectrum are compared with that under non-tightly focused lasers. The results show that the torsion effect on the electron during the oscillation process is more notable after the tightly focused laser interacts with electron. The radiation it generates is asymmetric in space, and its time distribution is nearly unimodal and can be regarded as a single attosecond pulse. In frequency domain, the spectrum appears to be a supercontinuum. With the increase of beam waist radius, the symmetry of the spatial distribution enhances and time distribution also exhibits a three-peak structure that is symmetrical about the main peak. Furthermore, the spectrum changes from a supercontinuum to a multimodal distribution. The analysis turns out that tightly focused laser is more realistic compared to non-tightly focused laser or even plane wave, which benefits the design of high-quality x-rays in practical application.
School-leaving examination in physics at the end of upper secondary school in the Czech Republic - Current state
Authors: Pschotnerová Petra , Mandíková Dana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper summarizes that the form and content of education in the Czech Republic is determined by the framework educational programmes (FEPs) and school educational programmes (SEPs). Analysis of these documents showed that the school-leaving examination (Maturita) in physics at the end of upper secondary education is not unified in any way on the national level. To map how the Maturita examination in physics looks like, the questionnaire survey was conducted. 366 gymnasiums and 32 schools with the study programme technical lyceum were proposed to participate in the survey. The return rate for the teacher questionnaire was approximately 28 %. The teacher questionnaire confirmed that the oral form of the Maturita examination in physics prevails in most schools and showed that the proportion of students choosing the Maturita examination in physics has been stable at around one-tenth of all school-leaving students with physics included in their curriculum. Students most often study for the exam on their own and as sources of information, use their own physics workbooks. As the easiest physics thematic area in terms of preparation for the exam is perceived mechanics, on the contrary, electricity and magnetism is considered to be the most difficult. The main reason to choose physics as one of the elective subjects in the Maturita exam appears to be students’ interest and enjoyment in physics.
Project-based Approach to Implement a STEM-Focused Engineering Curriculum
Authors: Gutiérrez-Berraondo J , Arrue M , Sanz K , Guisasola J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In recent decades, integrated science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) projects are occupying a central place in science and engineering curricula. The interest of this problem-based teaching approach in a scientific-technical context lies in finding ways to develop students’ content knowledge and to plan appropriate learning activities and instructional strategies. This paper focuses on designing, implementing and evaluating the introduction of STEM projects in the first year of the engineering degree of a Dual Engineering School. The focus of this study is the use of learning activities such as “predict and argument” and “design and do” to integrate STEM content into lessons and help students develop core competencies through engineering design processes. The evaluation results indicate that students moderately improve their scientific skills and conceptual understanding in the disciplines included in the project.
A Context-based Teaching Concept on Electric Circuits - Development and First Results
Authors: Gottschlich B , Burde J P , Wilhelm T , Dopatka L , Spatz V , Schubatzky T , Haagen-Schützenhöfer C , Ivanjek L , Hopf M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite the importance of electricity for today’s industrial society, students often perceive the abstract topic of electric circuits as uninteresting. In order to foster students’ interest, we developed a context-based teaching concept on simple circuits. Building on research findings on students’ interests, the concept covers the topic at the example of contexts like bumper cars, the electric eel, or the electric fence. While previous studies suggest that such a context-based approach can improve affective factors such as student interest, the evidence on the impact on students’ conceptual understanding is inconclusive. Therefore, we empirically evaluated the teaching concept in a field study with 7th and 8th graders to investigate the effects of context-based teaching on students’ conceptual understanding, while also assessing their interest and self-concept. By comparing our concept with conventional teaching in a pre-post-follow-up design, we aim to improve the current state of research regarding the effects of context-based teaching in authentic teaching environments. First analyses did not reveal significant differences between the context-based concept and conventional approaches, neither regarding the affective factors interest and self-concept nor conceptual understanding.
The Role of Experiment in Physics Education: Attitudes of Upper Secondary School Students
Authors: Marounová J , Kácovský P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper presents a segment of results obtained within a large study among Czech upper secondary students, whose general aim is to describe teachers’ and students’ views of physics experiments (and/or experimenting as such). The participants (N = 1,325) were asked closed questions concerning how they perceive experiments in physics lessons, how these lessons would look like without experiments and what is the respondents’ personal relation to physics experiments (not necessarily in the school context). Our results show that most often experiments are perceived as an enlivening element in physics lessons, a help with understanding the subject matter and an interesting complement to theory. On the other hand, only a minority of students perceive experiments as a tool physics uses to obtain new information about the world. Around half of the respondents admit that most of their physics lessons would not be affected in any way if experiments were removed. Concerning gender comparison, we found only rare differences at p < 0.05. Similarly, the answers were usually homogeneous across respondents’ year of study; the exceptions are discussed in the paper.