bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentially malignant lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract
Authors: Dreyer Thomas , Kreisel Melanie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMucosal lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract usually concern the squamous epithelium of the surface. Many precancerous alterations now designated as potentially malignant are caused by DNA damage resulting from long term exposure to tobacco and alcohol consumption. The distinction from conditions with a similar phenotype but caused by different reasons such as viral infection may be difficult. Furthermore, a magnitude of similar appearing lesions with different clinical background and different biological behavior are discussed in this paper. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
NALP‐3 inflammasome silencing attenuates ceramide‐induced transepithelial permeability
Authors: Kolliputi Narasaiah , Galam Lakshmi , Tamarapu Parthasarathy Prasanna , Tipparaju Srinivas M. , Lockey Richard F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI) is the influx of proinflammatory cytokines into lung tissue and alveolar permeability that ultimately leads to pulmonary edema. However, the mechanisms involved in inflammatory cytokine production and alveolar permeability are unclear. Recent studies suggest that excessive production of ceramide has clinical relevance as a mediator of pulmonary edema and ALI. Our earlier studies indicate that the activation of inflammasome promotes the processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and causes alveolar permeability in ALI. However, the role of ceramide in inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanism in relation to alveolar permeability is not known. We hypothesized that ceramide activates the inflammasome and causes inflammatory cytokine production and alveolar epithelial permeability. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the lung ceramide levels during hyperoxic ALI in mice. The effect of ceramide on activation of inflammasome and production of inflammatory cytokine was assessed in primary mouse alveolar macrophages and THP‐1 cells. Alveolar transepithelial permeability was determined in alveolar epithelial type‐II cells (AT‐II) and THP‐1 co‐cultures. Our results reveal that ceramide causes inflammasome activation, induction of caspase‐1, IL‐1β cleavage, and release of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, ceramide further induces alveolar epithelial permeability. Short‐hairpin RNA silencing of inflammasome components abrogated ceramide‐induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Inflammasome silencing abolishes ceramide‐induced alveolar epithelial permeability in AT‐II. Collectively, our results demonstrate for the first time that ceramide‐induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and alveolar epithelial permeability occurs though inflammasome activation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3310–3316, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated quantification of muscle and fat in the thigh from water‐, fat‐, and nonsuppressed MR images
Authors: Makrogiannis Sokratis , Serai Suraj , Fishbein Kenneth W. , Schreiber Catherine , Ferrucci Luigi , Spencer Richard G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose:To introduce and validate an unsupervised muscle and fat quantification algorithm based on joint analysis of water‐suppressed (WS), fat‐suppressed (FS), and water and fat (nonsuppressed) volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the mid‐thigh region.Materials and Methods:We first segmented the subcutaneous fat by use of a parametric deformable model, then applied centroid clustering in the feature domain defined by the voxel intensities in WS and FS images to identify the intermuscular fat and muscle. In the final step we computed volumetric and area measures of fat and muscle. We applied this algorithm on datasets of water‐, fat‐, and nonsuppressed volumetric MR images acquired from 28 participants.Results:We validated our tissue composition analysis against fat and muscle area measurements obtained from semimanual analysis of single‐slice mid‐thigh computed tomography (CT) images of the same participants and found very good agreement between the two methods. Furthermore, we compared the proposed approach with a variant that uses nonsuppressed images only and observed that joint analysis of WS and FS images is more accurate than the nonsuppressed only variant.Conclusion:Our MRI algorithm produces accurate tissue quantification, is less labor‐intensive, and more reproducible than the original CT‐based workflow and can address interparticipant anatomic variability and intensity inhomogeneity effects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1152‐1161. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional profile of cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐specific CD8+ T cells and kinetics of NKG2C+ NK Cells associated with the resolution of CMV DNAemia in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Muñoz‐Cobo Beatriz , Solano Carlos , Benet Isabel , Costa Elisa , Remigia María José , de la Cámara Rafael , Nieto José , López Javier , Amat Paula , Garcia‐Noblejas Ana , Bravo Dayana , Clari María Ángeles , Navarro David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractImmune mechanisms involved in control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the allogeneic stem cell transplantation setting have not been fully disclosed. CMV pp65 and IE‐1‐specific CD8+ T cells expressing IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and CD107a, alone or in combination, and NKG2C+ NK cells were prospectively enumerated during 13 episodes of CMV DNAemia. The expansion of monofunctional and polyfunctional CD8+ T cells was associated with CMV DNAemia clearance. The size and functional diversity of the expanding CD8+ T‐cell population was greater in self‐resolved episodes than in episodes treated with antivirals. These differences were related to the magnitude of expansion of cognate antigen IFN‐γ CD4+ T cells. The resolution of CMV DNAemia was associated frequently with a marked expansion of both CD56dim/CD16+ NK cells and NKG2C+ CD56bright/CD16− NK cells. The data lend support to the role of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells in controlling CMV replication in the allogeneic stem cell transplantation setting, and suggest that NKG2C+ NK cells may be involved critically in the resolution of CMV DNAemia episodes. J. Med. Virol. 84:259–267, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Possible implication of NFKB1A and NKG2D genes in susceptibility to HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in Peruvian patients infected with HTLV‐1
Authors: Talledo Michael , López Giovanni , Huyghe Jeroen R. , Verdonck Kristien , González Elsa , Clark Daniel , Vanham Guido , Gotuzzo Eduardo , Van Camp Guy , Van Laer Lut 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is the etiological agent of HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a progressive disease causing paraparesis of the lower limbs. Only a minority of persons infected with HTLV‐1 develop HAM/TSP. Universal susceptibility factors for HAM/TSP are not known. The viral genotype is similar in asymptomatic carriers and HAM/TSP patients. High proviral load has been associated consistently with HAM/TSP, but this factor does not explain fully the presence of disease in HTLV‐1‐infected subjects. Most likely, host genetic factors will play an important role in HAM/TSP development. A two‐stage case‐control study was carried out to evaluate the association between HAM/TSP and candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 45 genes in addition to six human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Ancestry‐informative markers were used to correct for population stratification. Several SNPs belonging to NFKB1A and NKG2D showed a trend of association in both stages. The fact that the direction of the association observed in the first stage was the same in the second stage suggests that NFKB1A and NKG2D may be implicated in the development of HAM/TSP. Further replication studies in independent HTLV‐1 patient groups should validate further these associations. J. Med. Virol. 84:319–326, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A point mutation at Asn‐534 that disrupts a conserved N‐glycosylation motif of the E2 glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus markedly enhances the sensitivity to antibody neutralization
Authors: Sasayama Mikiko , Shoji Ikuo , Adianti Myrna , Jiang Da‐Peng , Deng Lin , Saito Takafumi , Watanabe Hisayoshi , Kawata Sumio , Aoki Chie , Hotta Hak 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe molecular basis of antibody neutralization against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is poorly understood. The E2 glycoprotein of HCV is critically involved in viral infectivity through specific binding to the principal virus receptor component CD81, and is targeted by anti‐HCV neutralizing antibodies. A previous study showed that a mutation at position 534 (N534H) within the sixth N‐glycosylation motif of E2 of the J6/JFH1 strain of HCV genotype 2a (HCV‐2a) was responsible for more efficient access of E2 to CD81 so that the mutant virus could infect the target cells more efficiently. The purpose of this study was to analyze the sensitivity of the parental J6/JFH1, its cell culture‐adapted variant P‐47 possessing 10 amino acid mutations and recombinant viruses with the adaptive mutations to neutralization by anti‐HCV antibodies in sera of HCV‐infected patients. The J6/JFH1 virus was neutralized by antibodies in sera of patients infected with HCV‐2a and ‐1b, with mean 50% neutralization titers being 1:670 and 1:200, respectively (P < 0.00001). On the other hand, the P‐47 variant showed 50‐ to 200‐times higher sensitivity to antibody neutralization than the parental J6/JFH1 without genotype specificity. The N534H mutation, and another one at position 416 (T416A) near the first N‐glycosylation motif to a lesser extent, were shown to be responsible for the enhanced sensitivity to antibody neutralization. The present results suggest that the residues 534, and 416 to a lesser extent, of the E2 glycoprotein are critically involved in the HCV infectivity and antibody neutralization. J. Med. Virol. 84:229–234, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐circulation of two Puumala hantavirus lineages in Latvia: A russian lineage described previously and a novel Latvian lineage
Authors: Razzauti Maria , Plyusnina Angelina , Niemimaa Jukka , Henttonen Heikki , Plyusnin Alexander 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPuumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Europe. Seven genetic lineages of PUUV have thus far been recorded, which exhibit geographic structure within the distribution of its natural host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). This study presents evidence for two distinct PUUV lineages co‐circulating in Latvia: one previously described from Russia and a novel one that appears to be endemic. The Latvian lineage (LAT) is considerably divergent and several amino acid markers make it easily distinguishable. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a possibility of different evolutionary histories for the PUUV genome segments of LAT. J. Med. Virol. 84:314–318, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immune evasion strategies of the human gamma‐herpesviruses: Implications for viral tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhang Xiangning , Dawson Christopher W. , He Zhiwei , Huang Peichun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo human gamma‐herpesviruses, Epstein–Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 display oncogenic potential, causing benign and malignant lymphoproliferative disorders in genetically susceptible or immunosuppressed individuals. As a family of viruses that establish persistent life‐long infections, herpesviruses have evolved strategies to limit innate antiviral responses and evade host immune surveillance. Herpesviruses have developed mechanisms to disrupt antigen presentation, pirate the production of immune regulating cytokines, and inhibit pro‐apoptotic signaling pathways. Although these strategies are designed to facilitate the long‐term persistence of herpesviruses, in certain circumstances they can contribute to viral‐driven carcinogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 84:272–281, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of enterovirus infections in IgE sensitization
Authors: Seiskari Tapio , Kondrashova Anita , Tauriainen Sisko , Knip Mikael , Viskari Hanna , Haapala Anna‐Maija , Hyöty Heikki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAmong other infectious agents, enteroviruses have been associated with protection against allergic diseases. The aim of the present study was to confirm these findings using a highly sensitive and specific neutralization antibody assay and to investigate whether the protective effect is related to certain enterovirus serotypes. Antibodies against 12 enterovirus serotypes were measured in 60 children who were positive for allergen‐specific IgE and in 190 control children. Echoviruses seemed to be more protective than coxsackie‐B‐viruses and echovirus 11 had the strongest independent protective effect (P = 0.001; OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18–0.67). The results support previous observations suggesting that infections by certain enterovirus types are associated with protection against IgE sensitization. J. Med. Virol. 84:268–271, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Representation of the Australian sub‐tropical ridge in the CMIP3 models
Authors: Kent David M. , Kirono Dewi G. C. , Timbal Bertrand , Chiew Francis H. S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study examines the representation of one of the key drivers of southeastern Australian rainfall, the sub‐tropical ridge (STR) in mean sea level pressure, in the World Climate Research Programme's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 multi‐model dataset. In particular, the mean state and variability of the ridge's intensity and position is diagnosed and compared to observations for the 20th Century. The mean annual cycle of the STR intensity and position are found to be moderately well represented compared to two observational datasets. The models project that STR intensity will increase over the 21st Century whilst its mean position will be further south. Given the historical relationship between the STR and rainfall, this suggests that southeastern Australia will most likely be drier in the future. Most models fail to reproduce the spatial pattern of correlation between the STR intensity and precipitation but some models show a correlation (significant in some cases) between high rainfall and a weaker STR intensity. However, these correlations are much weaker than the observations. Given that the annual cycle of the STR has significant implications for rainfall in southeastern Australia, this is of some concern and leads to questions about which processes are driving rainfall in the models. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Water, NaHCO3−, NaH2PO4− and NaCl‐extractable SO42− in acid forest soils
Authors: Alewell Christine , Matzner Egbert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA variety of different methods have been used for the determination of inorganic soil SO42− in the past, which makes it difficult to compare SO42− contents of soils.Sulfate was extracted with the four commonly used extraction solutions 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.02 M NaH2PO4, 0.1 M NaCl and H2O from A‐, Bw‐ and Bs‐horizons of six acid forest soils. 5 g of field moist soil were percolated with a flow rate of 5 ml/h and percolations were repeated as long as SO42− was detectable in the percolate (> 0.5 mg SO4·l−1).NaCl and NaHCO3 extracted highest amounts of total inorganic SO42− in A‐horizons, but NaHCO3 caused analytical problems. NaHCO3 and NaH2PO4 yielded highest amounts in B‐horizons. With the exception of Bs‐horizons more than 70% of the total inorganic SO42− was H2O‐soIuble. Thus, if H2O‐soluble SO42− is defined as reversibly bound, the greater part of the inorganic SO42− in the investigated acid forest soils was reversibly bound. This SO42− fraction can potentially be released, if SO42− deposition decreases.
Ökologische Standorteigenschaften urban‐industriell überformter Böden des Brücktorviertels in Oberhausen (Ruhrgebiet)
Authors: Hiller Dieter A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEs werden Untersuchungsergebnisse zu den Sorptionseigenschaften und Nährstoffgehalten von 8 urban‐industriell überformten Böden in Oberhausen — deren anthropogen aufgeschütteter Bereich zu einem großen Anteil aus alkalisierendem, technogenem Ausgangssubstrat aufgebaut ist — vorgestellt und mit denen einer nahegelegenen Braunerde verglichen. Die Alkalinität der technogenen Ausgangssubstrate im Oberbodenbereich bis 3 dm Tiefe der Auftragsböden wäre in der Lage, einen atmosphärischen H+‐Eintrag von 0.2 Mol pro m2 und Jahr noch für mindestens 185 bis 1630 Jahre (im medianen Mittel nahezu 1000 Jahre) abzupuffern. Gleichzeitig ist aber das Kationenaustauschpotential auf nahezu allen Standorten als niedrig einzustufen, und in den Auftragsschichten dominieren ferromagnetische Eisenoxide mit vergleichsweise geringem P‐Sorptionspotential. Außerdem sind die industriell‐urban überformten Böden teilweise tiefgründig mit Nährstoffen angereichert (z.B. bis > 2.5 kg N/m3 oder > 1 kg P/m3). Die sehr stark skeletthaltigen und teilweise verfestigten Auftragsschichten weisen keine oder nur eine geringe Durchwurzelungstiefe auf. Auch die nutzbare Feldkapazität im Wurzelraum ist bei den Auftragsböden gering. Diese Merkmale bedingen, daß lösliche Nährelemente nicht von der Vegetation aufgenommen und im Profil zum Liegenden hin verlagert werden können.
Soil organic matter composition in three humus profiles of the western Taurus, Turkey, as revealed by wet chemistry and CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Miltner Anja , Zech Wolfgang , Çepel Necmettin , Eler ünal 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study three soil profiles located in the Western Taurus (Turkey) at different altitudes (10, 1900, and 3080 m a.s.l.) were compared with respect to their soil organic matter characteristics. The soil samples were fractionated by density to plant residues, slightly altered plant material, organo‐mineral complexes, and organic‐free minerals. Bulk samples and fractions were analyzed for C and N, the bulk samples additionally for total sugars, lignin signature, and bulk soil organic matter composition by CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy.The first step of litter decomposition and humification is a very strong degradation of polysaccharides without the loss of O‐alkyl structures. This process is slowing down very fast and the polysaccharides are stabilized. Lignin is decomposed as fast or even faster than polysaccharides. The data obtained by wet‐chemical analysis and by NMR spectroscopy are not or only weakly correlated to each other. This leads to the conclusion that the two types of methods give complementary rather than equivalent information. For the study of soil organic matter it is important to combine different methods and to draw the advantages of either type.
Ertragsentwicklung im Dauerversuch Ewiger Roggenbau Halle nach den 1990 vorgenommenen Umstellungen in der Düngung
Authors: Garz Joachim , Stumpe Hermann , Schliephake Wilfried , Hagedorn Edgar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn dem 1878 auf einer Tschernosem‐Braunerde (aus Sandlöß) angelegten Dauerdüngungsversuch Ewiger Roggenbau wurde 1990 die Variante mit ausschließlicher N‐Düngung (N) durch eine solche mit organisch‐mineralischer Volldüngung (Stallmist + NPK) ersetzt. Wegen der in den vorangegangenen 112 Jahren eingetretenen Verarmung des betreffenden Bodens an verfügbarem P und K erfolgte im Herbst 1990 außerdem eine einmalige zusätzliche Gabe von 200 kg P ha−1 und 400 kg K ha−1. Der bis dahin eingetretene Ertragsrückgang von ∼ 30% auf der N‐Variante gegenüber der mineralischen Volldüngung (NPK) oder der alleinigen Stallmistdüngung (St I) wurde bereits im ersten Jahr nach der Umstellung auf St + NPK (Ernte 1991) vollständig überwunden. Mehrerträge bei ST + NPK gegenüber den anderen Varianten (NPK, St I) wurden bisher nur unter besonders günstigen Bedingungen für die Ertragsbildung erzielt, so 1993 und 1995.
Activity measurements of Ni2+ in soils
Authors: Aboulroos Samir A. , El‐Falaky Assia A. , Lindsay Willard L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNickel activities were measured in 11 alkaline and slightly acidic soils using the chelate method. The measured activities ranged from 10−6.82 to 10−8.78 M and were inversely related to the pH of the soils. The measured Ni2+ activities in the 11 soils could be predicted using the following expression: (Ni2+) = 106.95 (H+)2. The solubility of Ni was plotted on a log (Ni2+) vs. pH solubility diagram for various Ni solid phase compounds. It is most likely that NiFe2O4 (trevorite) is the solid phase controlling Ni solubility in these soils. Identification of the presence of this mineral needs further investigation.
Influence of sample pretreatment on the extractability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from forest floor horizons
Authors: Guggenberger Georg , Pichler Martin , Zech Wolfgang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractExtraction of PAH from Oh‐horizon material after dispersion of air‐dried samples in water resulted in a 80% higher yield of 20 PAH species compared to extraction of air‐dried, freeze‐dried or ground samples. Concurrently, the free surface area (BET method) of the organic matter increased. It was assumed that dispersion resulted in a disaggregation and/or stretching of organic aggregates, which makes interior aggregate regions available to the extractant that were pre‐viously not accessible for the extractant due to diffusion barriers.
Effect of modifications of the P‐Bray no. 1 method on soil test results
Authors: Drechsel Pay , Mutwewingabo Bernard , Hagedorn Frank 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe importance of typical modifications of the Bray no. 1 procedure for the determination of “available” soil phosphorus was assessed using soil samples from Rwanda. Variations in shaking time (1 or 5 min.), soil to extraction solution ratio (1:7 or 1:10), and soil sieve size (2 mm vs. 0.5 mm) were found to significantly affect available P values. The modifications gave values which were up to 75 % higher than those of the original Bray no. 1 procedure.
Distribution pattem, genesis and classification of soils of an arid dune area in Northern Negev
Authors: Pfisterer Ulrich , Blume Hans‐Peter , Beyer Lothar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA dune area of 2 km2 in the Negev (Israel) with an annual precipitation of 90 mm was mapped. The soils developed from eolic and fluviatile sediments were Arenosols, Calcisols. Solonchaks, Regosols and Fluvisols. The Arenosols of the dunes are more homogeneous in texture and salt content than the soils of the interdunal corridors: Besides the Fluvisols, also the Calcisols, Solonchaks and Regosols are stratified due to episodic flooding by a wadi, and are rich in salts and lime. The soils are of minor development. Aggregation and enrichment of lime, enrichment and movement of salts, and the enrichment of organic substances are indications of soil formation.The distribution of salts within the profiles was calculated by their solubility. High and low soluble salts appear together in thin layers of Calcisols, Solonchaks and Fluvisols, while the most‐soluble salts appear in deeper layers. The salts, therefore, must have accumulated by lateral movement, precipitation and temporal flooding. Influence of groundwater can therefore be excluded. The Arenosols also show the same sequence of salt types, indicating the accumulation due to precipitation and eolic mass movement. Abandoned arable land sites did not show any different soil characteristics from the unused soils.On the basis of the distribution of salts in the profiles and soil types genesis and classification of the soils is discussed.