bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kikuchi Fujimoto Disease
Authors: Jamal Al-Bishri 
Published: July 2012

In order to determine the clinical significance of Kikuchi Fujimoto Disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymhadenitis) and to review the literature available on this condition, we selected the Medicine research papers in English language published between the years 1972 to 2011. Kikuchi Fujimoto Disease (KFD) is an uncommon, cosmopolitan, benign and self-limiting condition with higher Japanese and Asian prevalence. Most of the sufferers of KFD are young people who seek treatment because of having acute tender cervical lymphadenopathy, low grade fever and night sweats. Coagulative necrosis with ample karyorrhetic debris in paracortical areas of the involved lymph nodes is the characteristic histologic feature of KFD. Diagnosing KFD is crucial as it can be mistaken for malignant lymphoma and SLE. KFD was put forth first time in 1972 by Dr. Masahiro Kikuchi and by Funimoto as lymphadenitis with reticular proliferation, histiocytes and abundant nuclear debris. It is a rare benign condition of lymph nodes and most of the clinicians and pathologists are unfamiliar with it. KFD is self-limiting disease (within 1 to 4 months), however, patients should be followed up regularly as it may crop up again or progress to SLE. Analgesics and antipyretics help to ameliorate the symptoms.
Teaching Global Public Health in the Undergraduate Liberal Arts: A Survey of 50 Colleges
Authors: Hill David R. , Ainsworth Robert M. , Partap Uttara 
Published: July 2012

Undergraduate public health and global health studies are usually found at universities with graduate programs in the disciplines. Following the experience of teaching a short course in global health within the liberal arts, we reviewed global and public health offerings at 50 liberal arts colleges for the 2009–2010 academic year. Forty-two percent had a track, concentration, or program, and 30% had global or public health student organizations. All colleges listed at least one course in the fields, with the highest number in the social sciences. However, many colleges had not coordinated them into a theme. Values of a liberal arts education are found in the study of global and public health: social responsibility, critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and knowledge of the wider world. We propose identifying these programs within the undergraduate liberal arts as global public health. Capturing interest in global public health will enhance the curriculum and student experience.
In this day and age, when the world is so fluid with regard to news and information, the knowledge that unnecessary deaths are occurring and that health care lags so far behind in some regions cannot be ignored. From the standpoint of basic human rights, suffering and inequity cannot be tolerated.
Williams College student during a global health short course
Dealing with the Archetypes Development Process for a Regional EHR System
Authors: Bax M.P. , Kalra D. , Santos M.R. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryObjective: This paper aims to present the archetype modelling process used for the Health Department of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (SES/MG), to support building its regional EHR system, and the lessons learned during this process.Methods: This study was undertaken within the Minas Gerais project. The EHR system architecture was built assuming the reference model from the ISO 13606 norm. The whole archetype development process took about ten months, coordinated by a clinical team co-ordinated by three health professionals and one systems analyst from the SES/MG. They were supported by around 30 health professionals from the internal SES/MG areas, and 5 systems analysts from the PRODEMGE. Based on a bottom-up approach, the project team used technical interviews and brainstorming sessions to conduct the modelling process.Results: The main steps of the archetype modelling process were identified and described, and 20 archetypes were created.Lessons learned:– The set of principles established during the selection of PCS elements helped the clinical team to keep the focus in their objectives;– The initial focus on the archetype structural organization aspects was important;– The data elements identified were subjected to a rigorous analysis aimed at determining the most suitable clinical domain;– Levelling the concepts to accommodate them within the hierarchical levels in the reference model was definitely no easy task, and the use of a mind mapping tool facilitated the modelling process;– Part of the difficulty experienced by the clinical team was related to a view focused on the original forms previously used;– The use of worksheets facilitated the modelling process by health professionals;– It was important to have a health professional that knew about the domain tables and health classifications from the Brazilian Federal Government as member in the clinical team.Conclusion: The archetypes (referencing terminology, domain tables and term lists) provided a favorable condition for the use of a controlled vocabulary between the central repository and the EMR systems and, probably, will increase the chances of preserving the semantics from the knowledge domain. Finally, the reference model from the ISO 13606 norm, along with the archetypes, proved sufficient to meet the specificities for the creation of an EHR system for basic healthcare in a Brazilian state.
L’ambivalence du concept de liquidité dans le Treatise on Money
Authors: Bauvert Joanna 
Published: July 2012

La paternité keynésienne de l’approche monétaire contemporaine est l’objet de cet article. Pour cela, deux approches de la liquidité issues du Treatise on Money sont mises en évidence. La première reprend l’interprétation traditionnelle : Keynes considère la liquidité à travers le lien entre monnaie et actifs, ce qui renvoie au choix de composition du patrimoine. Cependant, nous cherchons surtout à mettre en valeur le fait que, dans le Treatise, Keynes perçoit une limite à une telle analyse dès lors que cette dernière rend envisageable l’élimination de la monnaie (lorsqu’elle se trouve en concurrence avec d’autres actifs). La prise en compte de cette limite – à laquelle la théorie de l’équilibre général demeure confrontée – nous conduit à une seconde approche, qui représente l’apport principal de ce texte, où la liquidité est définie fondamentalement comme un intermédiaire des échanges. Notre démonstration s’appuie sur une comparaison de la structure des équations fondamentales avec la règle de formation des prix de Cantillon. La discussion porte ensuite sur les conséquences théoriques d’une telle approche. Finalement, on ne peut attribuer à Keynes la paternité des fondements de la théorie monétaire standard que si on élude la détermination des prix qu’il expose dans Treatise on Money.
Discrimination sexuelle dans les dépenses des ménages : survol de la littérature et évidences empiriques pour le Canada
Authors: Lefebvre Pierre 
Published: July 2012

La recherche récente suggère que le sexe d’un enfant a des effets importants et étendus sur les comportements parentaux et les résultats familiaux. Un constat général émerge de cette littérature : en matière de choix de vie familiale (mariage, divorce, fécondité) et de comportements individuels (de travail, de consommation, d’activités non marchandes) il y a des différences notables entre les hommes et les femmes. Les constats empiriques sont cohérents avec les modèles économiques qui expliquent les comportements intrafamiliaux comme le résultat d’un processus complexe de négociations concernant l’allocation du temps et des ressources familiales, et le partage du « surplus » familial et conjugal (dégagé par rapport au fait de vivre seul). Cette recherche aborde la question en examinant le panier des dépenses de consommation des familles qui ont un ou deux enfants du même sexe. L’analyse empirique cherche à identifier s’il y a un effet de « genre » dans les dépenses familiales en estimant l’effet du sexe de l’enfant sur plusieurs catégories de dépenses dont des biens familiaux à caractère public tels que l’habitation et les biens durables. D’autres types de dépenses sont aussi analysés (alimentation, soins médicaux, loisir et divertissement, aliments achetés au restaurant, services personnels, soins de santé et médicaments, dons et contributions). L’analyse utilise les microdonnées des fichiers publics de l’Enquête sur les dépenses des ménages de 1997 et 1998, les deux seules années où Statistique Canada identifie le sexe des enfants de 0-17 ans. Les résultats empiriques suggèrent que les effets sont peu marqués et systémiques.
La transformation postsocialiste chinoise : ouverture économique et contrainte extérieure
Authors: Charles Sébastien , El Karouni Ilyess 
Published: July 2012

Le point de départ de l’article est l’idée selon laquelle la transformation postsocialiste chinoise a entraîné un changement de régime de croissance. En effet, pendant la période maoïste, ce dernier prenait l’aspect d’une croissance forcée telle que théorisée par Kornai (1972). Les relations économiques extérieures étaient par ailleurs marquées par une certaine « aversion à l’exportation ». Ce n’est plus le cas aujourd’hui puisque le régime de croissance chinois est désormais fondé sur une stratégie de typeexport-led growth. Cette situation n’est néanmoins pas sans poser de problèmes, en particulier celui de la dépendance vis-à-vis de la demande étrangère dans un contexte de demande interne faible.
La grande émigration canadienne : quelques réflexions exploratoires
Authors: McInnis Marvin 
Published: July 2012

L’article s’intéresse à un événement tropsouventnégligé dans l’histoire canadienne : l’émigration, tant anglophone que francophone, survenue durant les 40 dernières années du 19esiècle. Le texte fait ressortir les similitudes et les contrastes de l’émigration des deux groupes linguistiques.L’explication offerte ici repose sur l’incapacité de la croissance d’emplois industriels à absorber la croissance rapide de la population dans une société rurale qui n’avait plus de terres cultivables disponibles.Les changementsmajeursapportés dans les années 1860 à la structure tarifaire américainesont un important facteur d’explication, selon nous, de cette croissance insuffisante de l’emploi industriel canadien.
Blade‐Granule Bed Stress in a Cylindrical High‐Shear Granulator: Variability Studies
Authors: Chan E. L. , Reynolds G. K. , Gururajan B. , Salman A. D. , Hounslow M. J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe behavior of dry, steady‐state granule beds in each identified flow regime, i.e., frictional, toroidal, and fluidized, in a vertical‐axis cylindrical high‐shear granulator is studied. The granule bed behavior is discussed in terms of the blade‐granule bed interactions and bed surface behavior. The blade‐granule bed stress was measured with a custom‐built telemetric impeller pressure sensor system and simulated with the discrete element method, while the bed surface velocity and height were studied by high‐speed imaging and particle imaging velocimetry. The simulations reasonably predicted the average blade‐granule bed stresses. The variability, i.e., fluctuation amplitude and periodicity, and trends of the average values differed in each flow regime. Frequencies of the periodic bed surface velocity and height fluctuations changed from single blade pass frequency to two blade passes frequency and finally a loss in periodicity across the flow regimes. Periodic fluctuations of the blade‐bed stress were only observed in the fluidized regime until a certain impeller speed or Froude number was reached. These frequencies were slightly higher than one impeller rotation (three blade passes).
A performance evaluation of distributed database architectures
Authors: Chen Shiping , Ng Alex , Greenfield Paul 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThe globally integrated contemporary business environment has prompted new challenges to database architectures in order to enable organizations to improve database applications performance, scalability, reliability and data privacy in adapting to the evolving nature of business. Although a number of distributed database architectures are available for choice, there is a lack of an in‐depth understanding of the performance characteristics of these database architectures in a comparison way. In this paper, we report a performance study of three typical (centralized, partitioned and replicated) database architectures. We used the TPC‐C as the evaluation benchmark to simulate a contemporary business environment, and a commercially available database management system that supports the three architectures. We compared the performance of the partitioned and replicated architectures against the centralized database, which results in some interesting observations and practical experience. The findings and the practice presented in this paper provide useful information and experience for the enterprise architects and database administrators in determining the appropriate database architecture in moving from centralized to distributed environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing for Persistent Organic Pollutants by Nanohybrids of Graphene Nanosheets that are Noncovalently Functionalized with Cyclodextrin
Authors: Zhu Gangbing , Zhang Xiaohua , Gai Pengbo , Chen Jinhua 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUsing 3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic acid as a bridge to connect mono(6‐ethanediamine‐6‐deoxy)‐β‐cyclodextrin (NH2‐β‐CD) to the surface of graphene, noncovalently functionalized graphene nanosheets (CD‐PTCA‐GNs) are synthesized for the first time. The as‐prepared CD‐PTCA‐GNs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemical methods. The electrocatalytic activities toward several persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with CD‐PTCA‐GNs were investigated, all of which show a remarkable increase in electrochemical performance relative to the bare GC and GNs/GC electrodes. 1‐aminonaphthalene (1‐NA) was used as the representative analyte to demonstrate the sensing performance of the CD‐PTCA‐GNs. The results show that the linear response range of 1‐NA is 10–550 nM with the detection limit of 1.0 nM (S/N=3), thus implying that the CD‐PTCA‐GNs organic–inorganic nanohybrids will have promising applications in POPs analysis and as sensors.
Type of academic training and causal attributions for social problems
Authors: Guimond Serge , Palmer Douglas L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo provide evidence of the effects of academic training on causal attributions, university students in social science, commerce and engineering were compared at different points of their training in terms of their explanations of poverty and unemployment. Results of cross‐sectional analyses showed no field differences in causal attributions at the beginning of the first academic year but significant differences at the end of the year, with social science students blaming the system more than commerce or engineering students. Longitudinal analysis showed that, within a six‐month interval, the causal attributions of the students changed significantly as a function of their field of study. Differential employment prospects, while not accounting for the effects of academic training, were found to be related to attributional change. These results confirm the hypothesis that causal attributions are affected by socialization in a particular culture and that exposure to the culture of the social sciences reinforces a system‐blame ideology. The implications of these findings for theories of the attribution process and theories of intergroup relations are discussed.
Improvement of the simulation method of power‐system dynamics
Authors: Mao C. X. , Kulicke B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new method is proposed to solve the difference equations of synchronous generators and the network algebraic equations, and two new matrices M and N are introduced, which can make the alternate iterations between the difference equations and the network equations converge quickly. The calculations of matrix M and N are discussed and the convergence of this new method is also analyzed. The simulations based on 15‐machine‐48‐bus, five‐machine‐24‐bus and three‐machine‐infinite power system, have been conducted.
Combined genetic algorithms and neural‐network approach for power‐system transient stability evaluation
Authors: Moechtar M. , Farag A. S. , Hu L. , Cheng T. C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAs the electric power system grows in size and complexity with a large number of interconnections, the assessment of the transient stability of power systems became an extremely intricate and highly non‐linear problem. Its solution needs either numerical methods involving bulk computations or specific dedicated methods to analyse dynamic non‐linear systems. Either method mostly assesses, particularly in the post‐fault condition, the critical clearing time (CCT). This parameter constitutes very complex functional relationships between the pre‐fault condition, type, and location of fault beside the clearance sequence. The available methods for evaluating such parameter had been previously reviewed. New approaches using the locally‐tuned radial basis function (RBF) network, an artificial neural network (ANN) paradigm have been recently proposed. The goal of this paper is to develop methods that can combine both neural networks and genetic algorithms (GA) into a common framework, and apply them to prediction problems. In the paper, the application of genetic algorithms in selecting the input patterns for the RBF network is proposed. Description of this combined approach and the results of its application to two power systems, one for four‐machine six‐bus system and the other for an existing system of North Sumatra. Indonesia, are also given in the paper. The attainable results show that the performance of the RBF network can be maintained and improved in spite of less features in the input patterns.
Modelling of a synchronous machine interconnected with an AC/DC converter using state equations formulation
Authors: Kappatou J. , Milias‐Argitis J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper a systematic and general method for the analysis of an autonomous or grid‐connected system, consisting of synchronous machines and converters, by interconnecting its components equations is presented. The synchronous machine equations can be expressed in any frame of reference. The interconnection of the equations is conducted using well‐known network topological concepts. The changes in the conduction state of the converter valves are handled by successive modification of the tree of the entire circuit graph using a square transformation tensor. The on‐switch current and off‐switch voltage equations required for any conduction pattern are automatically assembled using this tensor. Using the proposed method, a system consisting of a synchronous generator, a three‐phase rectifier and a DC load is simulated. Typical waveforms are presented to show the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.
Sequence‐segregating filter networks for unbalanced systems
Authors: Eisawy E. A. , Effat A. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractZero‐, negative‐ and positive‐sequence components for both unbalanced three‐phase voltages or currents can be obtained by using sequence‐segregating filter networks. The most important sequence‐segregating filter networks that are used to isolate the sequence components are provided. Also, besides each filter network its equivalent circuit is shown. The equations that govern the performance of the filter network are given.
Acoustic voice communication with expert systems supporting electric power system operation
Authors: Krost G. , Rigoll G. , Salek K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe appearance of expert systems supporting the operation of electric power systems was polished by adding a bi‐directional acoustic dialogue interface. The appertaining subsystems present the proposals of the expert system for switching, setting or other actions in natural/switching‐language synthetic voice form (in addition to the original screen display) and recognize the operators' spoken answers (e.g. confirmation/rejection of operations or request for explanation). The operators can keep concentrated on the operational surface of the power system without frequently swinging over to the man‐machine interface of the expert system, thus being able to more continuously observe and understand the context and reactions of the operations performed.
DFSM rotor‐side converter pre‐design investigation: A comparison between voltage and current control strategies
Authors: Masmoudi A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn recent years, much attention has been focused on the doubly‐fed synchronous machine (DFSM) both at an academic level, as an interesting topic of research, and at an applied level, as an efficient industrial drive. The paper deals with a comparison between the voltage‐controlled DFSM and the current‐controlled one, with emphasis on the steady‐state operation. First, the DFSM steady‐state stability analysis is done with respect to the rotor supply parameters and to the load torque ones, using the eigenvalue method. Then a graphical approach based on the extension of the induction machine circle diagram to the DFSM, allows the steady‐state stability analysis in the P‐Q‐plane. It has been found that the DFSM is more stable under a current control than under a voltage control. Finally, and in order to compare the DFSM performances under both control strategies, the so called iso‐efficiency curves are drawn taking into account the power limitation of the rotor supply. It has been found, that under a current control, the DFSM operation is more efficient than under a voltage control.
Neural‐network‐based approach for secondary arc recognition on HV overhead lines
Authors: Djurić M. , Zorić K. , Jejina N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn alternative approach to the present situation for automatic reclosure of high‐voltage (HV) lines, in particular problems of repetitive reclosure onto permanent faults and lack of wider system co‐ordination, is possible thanks to modern technology. In order to determine the appropriate response to single‐phase‐to‐ground fault, it is necessary to measure conditions on the HV line during the fault and adapt the response to correspond to the most favoured outcome. This paper presents a numerical algorithm for blocking autoreclosure during permanent faults on overhead lines. It is based on one‐terminal input data processing. The fault nature (permanent or transient) is determined from the voltage and current signals of faulted and tripped line phase using neural network approach. The algorithm presented was successfully tested using the signals recorded on the real power system and signals obtained through laboratory tests. The tests demonstrate the ability of the presented algorithm to determine the secondary arc duration. The algorithm can be successfully used to define the recloser reclaim time and blocking automatic reclosing of power lines with a permanent fault.
Non‐divergent numerical method for the harmonic load‐flow resolution
Authors: Sainz L. , Pedra J. , Boix O. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper a non‐divergent harmonic load‐flow calculation method is developed. The proposed method, which is called h‐Newton, is a modification of the Newton method and its aim is based on differential equations theory. A parameter h is included in the Newton algorithm, and is calculated to ensure the convergence of the method to the correct solution. The execution time of the new method is comparable to the Newton method when this is convergent. Several examples are studied to analyse the proposed method and a mathematical justification about the convergence of the h‐Newton method is developed.