bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invisible Whispering: Restructuring Collaborative Decision Making with Instant Messaging
Authors: Dennis Alan R. , Rennecker Julie A. , Hansen Sean 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTOrganizational decision making is dominated by teams. When an important decision is required, a team is often formed to make it or to advise the individual decision maker, because a team has more resources, knowledge, and political insight than any one individual working alone. As teams have become geographically distributed, collaboration technology has come to play an important role in such collective decision making efforts. Instant messaging (IM) is an increasingly prevalent workplace collaboration technology that enables near‐synchronous text exchanges on a variety of devices. We examined the use of IM during face‐to‐face, telephone, and computer‐mediated team meetings, a practice we call “invisible whispering.” We introduce Goffman's characterization of social interaction as dramatic performance, differentiable into “front stage” and “backstage” exchanges, to analyze how invisible whispering alters the socio‐spatial and temporal boundaries of team decision making. Using IM, workers were able to influence front stage decision making through backstage conversations, often participating in multiple backstage conversations simultaneously. This type of interaction would be either physically impossible or socially constrained without the use of IM. We examine how invisible whispering changes the processes of collaborative decision making and how these new processes may affect the efficiency and effectiveness of collaborative decision making, as well as participation, satisfaction, relationships among team members, and individual attention.
The Effect of Perceived Novelty on the Adoption of Information Technology Innovations: A Risk/Reward Perspective
Authors: Wells John D. , Campbell Damon E. , Valacich Joseph S. , Featherman Mauricio 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTA fundamental characteristic of any innovation is its novelty, the newness or freshness of the innovation in the eyes of the adopter. Past research has often considered novelty to be inherent to an information technology (IT) innovation, yet it is also likely that perceptions of novelty differ widely across individuals. Nevertheless, the role that the novelty of an IT innovation plays in adoption is not well understood. The primary goal of this research effort is to frame the perceived novelty of an IT innovation as a salient affective belief in the nomological network related to adoption. Further, we examine how perceived novelty influences the way individuals reconcile their perceptions of risk versus reward when considering the adoption of an IT innovation. Two empirical studies with 424 and 138 participants, respectively, examine the effect of perceived novelty on IT innovations from a risk/reward perspective. Results indicate that perceived novelty is a salient affective belief that plays a significant role in the adoption of IT innovations. Implications for both theory and organizational decision making are examined.
Consumer Effort in Promotional Incentives
Authors: Dogan Kutsal 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTConsumers need to exert effort to use the incentives provided in a promotion campaign. This effort is critical in the consumers’ decision process and for the success of the campaign. We develop a model of consumer redemption effort that is general in nature and is applicable to coupons, rebates, and other price‐discrimination devices. We find that the impact of redemption effort is quite intricate on a firm’s profit and consumers’ surplus. We find that there are cases where a firm would like to operate in a low redemption cost environment while consumers would be better off with higher costs. We identify cases where price can remain the same with or without the promotion. In these cases, it is possible that the surplus for each individual consumer is higher when a firm price discriminates and improves its profit. Our results indicate that a firm would rather have variation in consumer redemption costs than to have variation in consumer valuations. However, in a market with low valuation variability, consumer redemption cost variability is essential for an efficient promotion campaign. Therefore, the markets that naturally have a lot of variability in consumer valuations should be the ones targeted for online promotion programs that reduce consumer effort levels, not the markets with low variability.
Antiarrhythmic Effect of Reverse Electrical Remodeling Associated with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: TERESHCHENKO LARISA G. , HENRIKSON CHARLES A. , STEMPNIEWICZ PETER , HAN LICHY , BERGER RONALD D. 
Published: November 2010

Background:

Antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remain controversial. We hypothesized that reverse electrical remodeling (RER) with CRT is associated with reduced frequency of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs).
Methods:

The width of native and paced QRS was measured in lead II electrocardiogram before and 13 ± 7 months after implantation of a CRT defibrillator device in 69 patients (mean age 66.3 ± 13.9; 39 males [83%]) with bundle branch block (BBB) (41 patients with left BBB and three patients with bifascicular block) or nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (25 patients, 36%), and New York Heart Association class III–IV heart failure. Biventricular pacing was inhibited for 10 seconds to record native QRS. RER was defined as a decrease in the native QRS duration ≥10 ms compared to preimplant. Patients were followed prospectively 24 ± 13 months after assessment for electrical remodeling.
Results:

RER was observed in 22 patients (32%), among whom QRS duration decreased by 30.9 ± 14.1 ms (P < 0.00001) with similar heart rate and QRS morphology. Native QRS duration increased by 10.3 ± 16.6 ms in the other 47 patients (68%) (P = 0.0001). Baseline mean ejection fraction did not differ between patients with and those without RER (24.9 ± 10.0 vs 24.2 ± 8.6%, NS). During 2 ± 1 years of further follow‐up, 19 patients had VTs and 12 patients died. RER was associated with a fourfold decrease in the risk of death or sustained VTs requiring appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapies, whichever came first (hazard ratio 0.25; 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.85; P = 0.026).
Conclusion:

RER of the native conduction with CRT is associated with decreased mortality and antiarrhythmic effect of CRT. (PACE 2011; 34:357–364)
Physiopathologic Correlates of Intrathoracic Impedance in Chronic Heart Failure Patients
Authors: TOMASI LUCA , ZANOTTO GABRIELE , ZANOLLA LUISA , GOLIA GIORGIO , OMETTO RENATO , BONANNO CARLO , VERGARA GIUSEPPE , MAINES MASSIMILIANO , LONARDI GABRIELE , VISENTIN EMANUELA , RAUHE WERNER , LATINA LOREDANA , PERRONE COSIMO , VARBARO ANNAMARIA , DE SANTO TIZIANA ,   for the IMPATTO (Studio osservazionale per la validazione dell’IMPedenzA Trans‐TOracica) Study group
Published: November 2010

Background: Increased plasma levels of amino‐terminal fraction of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and alterations of diastolic filling as described by Doppler transmitral flow pattern are well‐known markers of decompensated heart failure (HF). Recently, some implantable defibrillators have allowed monitoring of intrathoracic impedance, which is related to lung water content, potentially indicating HF deterioration. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between intrathoracic impedance and NT‐proBNP and echo‐Doppler transmitral flow indexes.
Methods: Data were collected from 111 HF patients, in six Italian centers. All patients were on optimal medical therapy. Device diagnostics, echographic data, NT‐proBNP determination, and clinical status as assessed by the Heart Failure Score (HFS) were registered at baseline, at bimonthly visits, and at unscheduled examinations due to HF decompensation or device alerts.
Results: Over a median follow‐up of 413 days, 955 examinations were performed. Intrathoracic impedance was significantly correlated with NT‐proBNP (P = 0.013) and with mitral E‐wave deceleration time (DtE) (P = 0.017), but not with HFS. At the time of confirmed alert events, NT‐proBNP was significantly higher than during confirmed nonalert event examinations; DtE did not differ, whereas impedance was significantly lower.
Conclusion: A decrease in intrathoracic impedance is inversely correlated with NT‐proBNP and directly correlated with DtE. Intrathoracic impedance monitoring therefore has the physiologic basis for being a useful tool to identify early HF decompensation. (PACE 2011; 34:407–413)
Encounters with Sorcery: An Ethnographer's Account
Authors: Fotiou Evgenia 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYDrawing from data collected during fieldwork from Westerners participating in ayahuasca ceremonies in the Peruvian Amazon, I discuss the ways they make contact with spirits. I particularly focus on the issue of sorcery, illustrating differences in the ways it is perceived by Westerners and Peruvians. I argue that although it is possible that both populations have the same or very similar experiences with ayahuasca, their subjective interpretations and metanarratives are quite different because of the very different cultural paradigms to which they have been exposed. In the Amazonian cultural framework, local ayahuasca users tend to interpret any negative or dark experiences during ceremonies as attacks, by malevolent shamans, hired by other members of their community. The more individualistic Western cultural framework leads Westerners to interpret these experiences as part of their own psychic processes. I found, however, this pattern to be challenged, in that Western shamanic apprentices have integrated the concepts of sorcery and shamanic warfare into their worldview. I discovered that, in many ways, a shamanic apprenticeship for a Westerner involves a radical shift in interpretations of shamanic experience. Certain personal experiences during my fieldwork, which I discuss in this article, challenged my own faith in the dominant anthropological paradigm—that shamanic experiences are culturally defined—as well as my largely secular worldview.
Bread in the Economy of Qualities: The Creative Reconstitution of the Canada‐UK Commodity Chain for Wheat
Authors: Magnan André 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article traces the creative reconstitution of the Canada‐UK wheat‐bread commodity chain since the 1990s. In the mid‐1990s, the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) and a British bakery, Warburtons, pioneered an innovative identity‐preserved sourcing relationship that ties contracted prairie wheat growers to consumers of premium bread in the United Kingdom. The CWB‐Warburtons contract is emblematic of the increasing importance of quality claims, traceability, and private standards in the reorganization of agrifood supply chains. Yet the case is unique in two important ways. First, in the context of supermarket leadership in the coordination of quality chains, the program was established by two unlikely actors—a state marketing agency and a branded food manufacturer. Second, the quality chain centers on a semifresh, manufactured food staple (bread), whereas most quality chains are organized around fresh produce, meat, and dairy products. The CWB‐Warburtons story thus provides evidence of diversity and complexity in the shift toward the supermarket‐driven “economy of qualities.” I interpret these changes by locating them in broader processes of historical change. Led by the CWB and Warburtons, the shift toward quality in commodity chains for wheat bread is reconfiguring relations among key social actors in the prairie wheat economy as well as the UK bread market.
CCR7 Mediates Directed Growth of Melanomas Towards Lymphatics
Authors: EMMETT MAXINE S. , LANATI SILVIA , DUNN DARRYL B.A. , STONE OLIVER A. , BATES DAVID O. 
Published: November 2010

Please cite this paper as: Emmett, Lanati, Dunn, Stone and Bates (2011). CCR7 Mediates Directed Growth of Melanomas Towards Lymphatics. Microcirculation 18(3), 172–182.AbstractObjective:  To determine whether chemotactic‐metastasis, the preferential growth of melanomas towards areas of high lymphatic density, is CCL21/CCR7 dependent in vivo. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) produce the chemokine CCL21. Metastatic melanoma cells express CCR7, its receptor, and exhibit chemotactic‐metastasis, whereby metastatic cells recognise and grow towards areas of higher lymphatic density.Methods:  We used two in vivo models of directional growth towards depots of LECs of melanoma cells over‐expressing CCR7. Injected LEC were tracked by intravital fluorescence microscopy, and melanoma growth by bioluminescence.Results:  Over‐expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7 enables non‐metastatic tumor cells to recognise and grow towards LECs (3.9 fold compared with control), but not blood endothelial cells (0.9 fold), in vitro and in vivo in the absence of increased lymphatic clearance. Chemotactic metastasis was inhibited by a CCL21 neutralising antibody (4–17% of control). Furthermore, CCR7 expression in mouse B16 melanomas resulted in in‐transit metastasis (50–100% of mice) that was less often seen with control tumors (0–50%) in vivo.Conclusion:  These results suggest that recognition of LEC by tumors expressing receptors for lymphatic specific ligands contributes towards the identification and invasion of lymphatics by melanoma cells and provides further evidence for a chemotactic metastasis model of tumor spread.
Fetomaternal hemorrhage in women undergoing elective cesarean section
Authors: PERSLEV ANETTE , JØRGENSEN FINN STENER , NIELSEN LEIF KOFOED , BERKOWICZ ADELA , DZIEGIEL MORTEN HANEFELD 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Objective. To investigate the degree of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) caused by elective cesarean section. Design. Descriptive study. Settings. University Hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark. Population. Women scheduled for elective cesarean section, in the period September 2007 to January 2009, at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Methods. Two maternal blood samples were taken, the first before cesarean section and the second immediately after. Both samples were analyzed at the Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, for the presence of fetal red blood cells (fRBCs) using flow cytometry. FMH associated with cesarean section was defined as the difference between the volumes of fRBCs in the two samples. Main Outcome Measures. The frequency and volume of FMH caused by elective cesarean section. Results. 207 women were included in the study. FMH was detected in 38 cases (18.4%). Of these, 22 women (10.6%) had FMH of less than 1 ml fRBCs, 13 women (6.3%) had FMH between 1 and 4 ml fRBCs, and three women (1.4%) had FMH above 4 ml fRBCs. Conclusions. We found no evidence for recommending general screening for FMH in connection with elective cesarean section, provided guidelines such as the current Danish guidelines for Rhesus prophylaxis are followed.
Morbidity with total laparoscopic and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
Authors: AL‐TALIB AYMAN , SHEIZAF BOAZ , ALMOG BENNY , DAWOOD ASHRAF , KRISHNAMURTHY SRINIVASAN , TULANDI TOGAS 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the operative and postoperative morbidity among 103 women who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy and 107 others who underwent laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Blood loss was significantly greater in the assisted vaginal hysterectomy group (178.0 ± 12.1 ml) than in the total hysterectomy group (130.2 ± 10.7 ml) (p < 0.001). Despite higher uterine weight in the total hysterectomy group, the operative time of both techniques was similar. The complications of both hysterectomies were also comparable. The results from our study suggest that the complication rates of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy and total hysterectomy are similar. However, laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy is associated with increased blood loss.
Gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase activity as a non‐invasive biomarker of skeletal maturation
Authors: Perinetti G , Baccetti T , Contardo L , Di Lenarda R 
Published: November 2010

To cite this article:
Perinetti G, Baccetti T, Contardo L, Di Lenarda R: Gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase activity as a non‐invasive biomarker of skeletal maturation Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:44–50Structured AbstractAuthors –  Perinetti G, Baccetti T, Contardo L, Di Lenarda RObjectives –  To evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in growing subjects in relation to the stages of individual skeletal maturation.Setting and Sample Population –  The Department of Biomedicine, University of Trieste. Seventy‐two healthy growing subjects (45 women and 27 men; range, 7.8–17.7 years).Materials and Methods –  Double‐blind, prospective, cross‐sectional design. Samples of GCF were collected from each subject at the mesial and distal sites of both of the central incisors, in the maxilla and mandible. Skeletal maturation phase was assessed through the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method. Enzymatic activity was determined spectrophotometrically.Results –  The relationship between GCF ALP activity and CVM stages was significant. In particular, a twofold peak in enzyme activity was seen at the CS3 and CS4 pubertal stages, compared to the pre‐pubertal stages (CS1 and CS2) and post‐pubertal stages (CS5 and CS6), at both the maxillary and mandibular sites. No differences were seen between the maxillary and mandibular sites, or between the sexes.Conclusions –  As an adjunct to standard methods based upon radiographic parameters, the GCF ALP may be a candidate as a non‐invasive clinical biomarker for the identification of the pubertal growth spurt in periodontally healthy subjects scheduled for orthodontic treatment.
Potential of sucrose‐induced analgesia to relieve pain in male adults: A preliminary study
Authors: KAKEDA Takahiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  Sucrose‐induced analgesia frequently has been investigated for pain relief during invasive procedures in neonates. This analgesic mechanism is thought to be mediated by the endogenous opioid system, taking advantage of sweet taste. However, few studies have examined the effects of sucrose‐induced analgesia in adults. Therefore, this preliminary study examines the analgesic efficacy of a sucrose stimulus on experimentally induced pain in male adults.Methods:  A randomized, single‐masked, cross‐over study was conducted to examine the analgesic effect of a sucrose stimulus in male adults. Experimental pain was induced with the cold pressor test. Prior to and during the cold pressor test, the participants held either a 24% sucrose solution or distilled water as a control in their mouth. The analgesic efficacy was evaluated by using the pain threshold, pain tolerance, Profile of Mood State, and two visual analogue scales of pain intensity and taste pleasantness.Results:  The sucrose stimulus reduced the pain response of the participants. The mean threshold increased significantly when using the 24% sucrose solution, compared with distilled water. The mean tolerance also increased under the sucrose condition. In addition, the taste pleasantness score was significantly higher under the sucrose condition than with distilled water. However, neither condition showed a significant difference in the scores of the visual analogue scales for pain.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that sucrose stimuli might induce the antinociceptive effects on pain in male adults. More trials are needed to further elucidate these effects before this analgesic method can be used for clinical pain in adults.
How Willing are Men Who Have Sex with Men in China to Be Circumcised for the Sake of Protecting His Female Sex Partner?
Authors: Lau Joseph T.F. , Yan Hongjing , Lin Chunqing , Zhang Jun , Choi Kai-Chow , Wang Zhijun , Hao Chun , Huan Xiping , Yang Haitao 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) is increasing sharply in China. Many MSM have female sexual partners, representing a bridge of transmitting HIV to the general population. Circumcision reduces the risk of HIV prevention via heterosexual intercourse.

Aim
The study investigated the prevalence and factors related to willingness to undergo circumcision when MSM were informed that circumcision could reduce risk of heterosexual HIV transmission.

Methods
An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jiangsu, China. A total of 157 MSM with bisexual behaviors in the last six months were recruited using snowball sampling.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-reported circumcision status and foreskin conditions were recorded. HIV-related knowledge, risk perceptions, risky sexual behaviors, cognitive and behavioral intention factors regarding circumcision were assessed.

Results
Among all respondents, 5.7% were circumcised. In the uncircumcised subsample, the willingness to be circumcised increased from 8.1% to 35.1% after they were informed about the 50% risk reduction effect of circumcision regarding heterosexual HIV transmission. Risk behaviors, uncertainty about the prevalence of HIV among MSM, perception of overly long foreskin, peer’s suggestion, disagreement with the statements “MSM in general are not willing to be circumcised” and “circumcisions are for children, not for adults” and self-efficacy for circumcision were significantly associated with willingness for circumcision given the hypothetical risk reduction effect (OR = 2.37 and 3.11, respectively, P &lt; 0.05). Perception of overly long foreskin, self-efficacy, and having used a condom in the last episode of sex with a woman remained significantly associated with the conditional willingness for circumcision in the multivariate analysis (OR = 3.03, 2.84 and 2.42, respectively, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Interventions promoting circumcision among bisexual MSM, based on the risk reduction effect on heterosexual HIV transmission, are likely to be successful. Such programs should focus on increasing self-efficacy and may consider utilizing a peer educator approach.