bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the accuracy of event economic impact forecasts
Authors: Ramchandani Girish M. , Coleman Richard J. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the findings from ex ante and ex post economic impact appraisals of six major sports events. The ultimate aim of the paper is to identify the factors that cause differences between forecasts of direct expenditure and figures based on primary research.Design/methodology/approachA direct expenditure forecast for each event was derived based on analysis of event documentation and informed assumptions applied from previous studies. Subsequently, a comprehensive study was undertaken involving primary data collection and associated desk research.FindingsOf the forecasts, three were inflated and three were conservative relative to the ex post figures. In total, two potential sources of variance are examined – visitor spending and organisational expenditure. The former was found to be more unpredictable when compiling a pre‐event forecast. The group for which direct expenditure is most difficult to predict is spectators, with the most exaggerated forecasts associated with free‐to‐view events.Research limitations/implicationsNeither input‐output nor computable general equilibrium models were used to analyse secondary, indirect or induced impacts. Nonetheless, direct expenditure is the basis for modelling wider impacts and is therefore worthy of consideration in its own right.Practical implicationsThe paper's findings should enable public sector agencies to better understand the reliability of projected figures presented to them by organisers in exchange for securing financial support for their events.Originality/valueEconomic impact forecasts are rarely subjected to post‐event scrutiny. This research bridges the gap between ex ante and ex post figures and identifies areas where forecast accuracy can be improved.
An investigation of measurement error in visitor expenditure surveys
Authors: Raybould Mike , Fredline Liz 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether providing additional prompts in a visitor expenditure survey results in higher reported expenditure.Design/methodology/approachRespondents to a self‐completion survey of event visitors were randomly allocated either an aggregated or disaggregated expenditure format in a quasi‐experimental design. ANOVA is used to identify significant differences in mean reported expenditure to the alternative formats.FindingsThe research finds that provision of additional prompts in the expenditure module of a visitor survey results in higher reported expenditures in half the expenditure categories and, most importantly, in total expenditure.Research limitations/implicationsCollection of accurate visitor expenditure data is critical to estimation of the economic benefits of tourism and special events. Over or under estimation of direct expenditures associated with an event may have implications for future investment in the event by public and/or private agencies.Originality/valueVery few field tests of this fundamental issue in measurement error have been reported in the tourism literature. The few reported examples have tended to report results inconsistent with a priori expectations, although they have been based on very small sample size and therefore are limited by low power. This study is based on a large sample size and produces results consistent with a priori expectations.
Continuous improvement approach: state‐of‐art review and future implications
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Singh Harwinder 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the literature and provide an overview of the history, evolution and existing research on continuous improvement (CI). It reviews a large number of research papers in this field and presents the overview of various CI implementation practices demonstrated by manufacturing organizations globally.Design/methodology/approachThe paper systematically categorizes the published literature, analyzes and reviews it methodically.FindingsThe paper reveals the important concepts, case studies and surveys in concerned with CI methodology. The contributions of CI programmes towards improving manufacturing performance of the organizations and CI values that underlies continuous improvement have also been highlighted.Practical implicationsThe literature on classification of CI has so far been very limited. The paper reviews a large number of papers in this field and presents the overview of various CI practices demonstrated by manufacturing organizations globally. Further the future implications have also been discussed for the smooth and effective implementation of CI practices in manufacturing organizations.Originality/valueThe paper contains a comprehensive listing of publications on the field in question and their classification. It will be useful to researchers, professionals and others concerned with this subject to understand the significance of CI methodology.
Four decades of lean: a systematic literature review
Authors: Stone Kyle B. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of four decades of scholarly lean literature and identify phases of lean while highlighting core knowledge and voids from within the scholarly lean literature.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology applied to better understand lean over the past four decades was a systematic review of literature, as described by Machi and McEvoy in The Literature Review: Six Steps to Success.FindingsThis literature review has synthesized and categorized four decades of scholarly literature, along with influential books from credible researchers and practitioners of lean, in an effort to decipher the lean thinking paradigm from jargon to a commonly‐shared language. In total, five themes evolved from the analysis starting with the Discovery phase (1970‐1990), Dissemination phase (1991‐1996), Implementation phase (1997‐2000), Enterprise phase (2001‐2005), and the most recent phase of Performance (2006‐2009).Research limitations/implicationsThe literature review was limited to articles available to the researcher using search terms restricted to: lean manufacturing, lean production, lean thinking, lean and review, lean and Toyota Production System, lean assessment, lean culture, lean transformation. The databases accessed through EBSCO were: Academic Source Premier, Business Source Premier, ERIC, and PsycINFO.Originality/valuePublications tracing the lineage of lean over the past four decades are sparse, based on lean scholarly literature, exposing a void in the knowledge base. This literature review should assist other scholars and practitioners who are interested in substantiating their lean endeavours.
Integrating Six Sigma tools using team‐learning processes
Authors: Cecilia Martinez Leon Hilda , del Carmen Temblador Perez Maria , Farris Jennifer A. , Beruvides Mario G. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeMany of the benefits of Six Sigma (SS) programs stem from the proper use of tools within team‐based improvement projects. However, teams often struggle with selecting and integrating the best tools to use in their projects, compromising not only the project completion but also the solution implementation and sustainability over time. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic approach to articulate SS tools based on team learning, in order to facilitate tool selection and alignment, team collaboration, solution ownership, and overall solution quality and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe action research approach was adopted to explore the link between team learning practices and tool application that combined participation in and reflection upon a successful SS project from the electronic manufacturing industry.FindingsSS tools can be more effectively aligned and integrated with team learning practices. Team discussions and dialogues on SS tool outcomes are pivotal to the development of practical interpretations, allowing the team to create new knowledge, change mental models regarding pre‐conceived solutions, and enable team members to collectively select and interpret tools in a coherent way, leading to the buy‐in of the final solution and the SS program as a whole.Originality/valueThe paper yields value to practitioners and researchers interested in successful SS project execution and program sustainability, by providing a team‐learning approach for effective tool integration. In addition, this paper highlights the need for additional research on team learning within SS programs.
Six Sigma and SMEs: a critical review of literature
Authors: Deshmukh Sunil V. , Chavan Ashish 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to capture the evolution and status of utilization of the Six Sigma philosophy in the development of small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as to document prominent development of practices through a systematic literature review.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology adopted for this study used the principles of content analysis and deductive reasoning vis‐à‐vis various sub domains of Six Sigma methodology pertaining to industries in general and SMEs in particular.FindingsThe literature revealed that: Management's commitment is most important in SME Six sigma implementation. Benefits of Six Sigma have been enjoyed largely by the bigger industrial units and to a relatively lesser extent by the smaller units, i.e. SMEs. Quality management culture has largely been ignored or given less importance in the SME sector, which is evident from the meagre literature. There is a dearth of clear and SME‐specific methodologies (for Six Sigma approach) for quality improvement and there are far fewer models for quality improvement in the SME sector.Originality/valueIt has been found, on the basis of a systematic literature review approach (used in this paper), that quality management and development in SMEs needs to be done in a planned manner using Six Sigma roadmap.
The death of deprivation of liberty safeguards (DOLS)?
Authors: Troke Ben 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to review the recent Court of Protection case law on deprivation of liberty and consider whether it will help to achieve the right balance between minimising state interference with individuals and families, and protection of the most vulnerable, or risk undermining the core purpose of the system.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the underlying rationale of the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DOLS), the implications of the recent key Court of Appeal judgment in P v. Cheshire West and Chester.FindingsThere are significant potential adverse effects from the judgment in Cheshire, and the way in which it has been interpreted to date, including a risk of undermining the very purpose of DOLS, and a risk of discriminatory effect.Originality/valueThe paper provides a detailed analysis of Cheshire from the perspective of a Court of Protection practitioner, and advice on a practical approach to dealing with the concerns it raises.
Lost or altered consciousness – an update
Authors: Sandford Paul , Shepherd Jim , Cooper Ed 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to update the recent two‐part review of UK Incapacity Benefit and Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) as they affect claimants suffering from impairments of consciousness.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the changes in legislation and recent opinions and rulings of Upper Tribunal judges.FindingsAltered as well as totally lost consciousness must be considered in legislation. The yardstick is significant loss of awareness or concentration. If alcohol dependence has been diagnosed as an underlying cause then only the effects rather than the mechanism need be considered.Originality/valueClaimants, advocates and decision makers should use these criteria when applying for, or granting, benefit on these grounds.
An exercise in maximising capacity for decision making
Authors: Rees S. , Ryan‐Morgan T. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeIn accordance with the Mental Capacity Act 2005, this paper aims to explore the steps taken to maximise an individual's ability to make decisions in regards to making a Will.Design/methodology/approachConcepts relating to testamentary capacity are discussed and assessed thematically.FindingsThe case work illustrates how a systematic, structured, evidence‐based and individually focused approach to assessing and optimising capacity (under the terms of the Mental Capacity Act 2005) can be effective.Originality/valueThe paper sets out a framework for maximising capacity for decision making.
Brain injury professionals' perspectives on risk assessment
Authors: Weatherhead Stephen , Newby Gavin , Skirrow Paul 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe sequelae of acquired brain injury can lead to a complex array of risks. This research explores professionals' perspectives on those risks, focussing on how psycho‐social risks are assessed and managed.Design/methodology/approachA self completion questionnaire was designed, and distributed to a range of professionals working in brain injury services.FindingsA total of 177 participants completed an anonymous questionnaire. Principal components analysis produced three factors, which were given the labels “User‐friendliness”, “Person‐centeredness” and “Coherence”. Inconsistencies were identified in approaches to risk assessment and management. Participants also reported particular beneficial approaches, such as multi‐disciplinary discussions, and using assessments to guide rehabilitation.Research limitations/implicationsThe convenience sampling approach limits the generalisablity of the findings. However, the study was adequately powered, reliable, and valid.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research, existing literature, and clinical experience are drawn together in a proposed model for managing risk. This model, which incorporates the three factors identified through statistical analysis could guide effective risk management, documentation and associated procedures. The model presents a framework for service design and provision, as well as providing a focus for future research.Social implicationsIt is likely that more active engagement in risk assessment on the part of professionals, services, and those who access services, will be engendered if the process is able to become more user‐friendly, person‐centred, and coherent, across and within service provision.Originality/valueDespite legislative calls for regular training and effective communication in relation to risk, this is not the routine experience of professionals working in brain injury services. The findings of the present research offer a new, structured process, for overcoming the challenge for embedding legislation and research findings into practice.
Evaluation of a pilot relapse support service (RSS) for people with multiple sclerosis – “a tiny pot of sunshine in my pocket”
Authors: Thomas Peter W. , Thomas Sarah , Allen Helen 
Published: June 2012

PurposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) relapses are unpredictable in onset, severity, type of symptoms, and duration. They can have a profound effect on a person's daily activities, employment, relationships with friends and family, and social life. Individual budgets may be a means of providing personalised, timely, and flexible support to people with MS in preparation for, and during, a relapse. This paper aims to report on a pilot scheme that aimed to help people with MS to prepare for future relapse.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides an evaluation of a one year pilot scheme conducted in East Sussex, UK, that aimed to help people with MS to prepare for future relapse by a process of tailored relapse support planning, in combination with the provision of an individual grant of £750.FindingsAn independent, mixed methods evaluation (n=12) was conducted incorporating telephone and face‐to‐face interviews, focus groups, and self‐reported questionnaires. The evaluation indicated that the service was valued by participants and that, overall, they reported feeling more in control of managing a relapse or worsening of symptoms.Originality/valueThe results will inform the development and expansion of the service, with larger scale research projects required to further establish the evidence base.
Building a knowledge-based economy in the Muslim world
Authors: Ahmed Allam , Al-Roubaie Amer 
Published: June 2012

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of innovation and technological learning in building a knowledge-based economy in the Muslim world. Despite abundant financial and human capital, most Muslim countries still lack adequate scientific and technological infrastructure to absorb, apply and create knowledge and disseminate information.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using various major international institutions’ databases (UN, World Bank, OCED, etc.), a holistic approach is used to analyse the critical role of science, technology and innovation to build a knowledge-based economy in Muslim countries.

Findings
– This paper examines the main challenges facing Muslim countries to build a knowledge-based economy driven by innovation and technological learning. In doing so, a framework for building an effective innovation system that will achieve a knowledge-based economy in Muslim countries is presented, taking into account a variety of international, institutional and intellectual perspectives.

Originality/value
– Given the scarcity of information and data about the subject area on Muslim countries, the study uses several sources of secondary data which are considered the most valid and reliable data available internationally about the subject.
Modeling sustainable development: India ' s strategy for the future
Authors: Singh Rajul , Mitra Debnath Roma 
Published: June 2012

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand the relation among the various enablers of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to know their degree of dependence and driving power. As there has been non-agreement among the various stakeholders regarding the benefits of sustainability brought about by CDM, this paper explores the viability of sustainable development in the Indian scenario.Design/methodology/approach– This paper discusses a model to address the issues of sustainable development in the context of CDM. An interpretive structural model (ISM) has been used to model the various parameters of sustainable development in the Indian context. The relevant parameters have been considered as per the existing literature review.Findings– The result shows that sustainable development is achievable if the nation emphasizes on strategic goals and mission because sustainable development is driven by the strategic parameters such as “employment creation” and “long-term economic goals”.Research limitations/implications– The ISM model developed is not statistically validated, therefore structural equation modeling (SEM), also commonly known as the linear structural relationship approach, may be used to test the validity of such a hypothetical model.Practical implications– The government of India has to emphasize on education and inclusive employment to improve the quality of life, which would enable the sustainable development to be achieved.Originality/value– This paper describes one of the few empirical studies conducted in India.
Team Computers: positioning to grow
Authors: Mukherjee Jaydeep , Kapoor Ashok 
Published: June 2012

Subject area
Entrepreneurship.

Study level/applicability
The case could be taught in the core marketing course at the post graduate level while discussing the notion of positioning. The case could also be taken up in marketing strategy courses, where the linkage of the positioning to past and future customers and implementation challenges within the organization could be highlighted.

Case overview
The case shows how the CEO of an entrepreneurial venture, Team Computers, was coping with the problem of creating a unique identity in the market. It tracks the evolution of an embryonic organization to an Indian rupees (INR) 2.3 billion organization with 1,500 employees and its competitive landscape. It also highlights that an organization could become quite big without a very well defined positioning in the mind of its consumers and even its employees, however such growth could not be sustainable. It highlights the key challenges for Team Computers with respect to defining its positioning platform. The biggest challenge for Team Computers was to arrive at an appropriate positioning within an increasingly competitive market place, a distinct image of the company was almost a pre-requisite to the vision of sustainable, profitable growth for the company. The problem was inherent in the condition prevailing in the industry, which had intense competition among the incumbent firms and a high degree of employee turnover which plagued the industry. The case focuses on the challenge of deciding on a positioning platform for the company, considering its checkered evolution and somewhat difficult to predict and plan future trajectory. The case provides enough evidence to evaluate the positioning options of the company, the criteria to finalize the positioning options. It also opens up the possibility to discuss changes in organizational structure required to implement the positioning. The case also opens up the debate about conditions under which democratic process might not be the best way to decide on positioning.

Expected learning outcomes
The following insights could be elucidated by the case: criteria for evaluating the positioning options for an organization; the need for a clear positioning platform to grow beyond a threshold level for a service based organization in a competitive landscape; and the possible need for organizational restructuring to be able to implement positioning in the market.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for faculty. Please consult your librarian for access.
Magic Films: the case of an Indian start-up
Authors: Das Kallol , Chatterjee Monali , Rao U.T. 
Published: June 2012

Subject area
Principles of Management, in particular, the topics of planning, organizing, leading, controlling, human resource management, and operations management.

Study level/applicability
The case will be helpful to undergraduate and graduate business school students for learning the subject, Principles of Management.

Case overview
Vikas Jha, the newly appointed executive producer and CEO of Magic Films, is a troubled man today. At 29, he is also an unusually tired man to lead this social enterprise presently focussing on producing and distributing short films that carry a strong social message. A whole set of problems is plaguing this start up leaving Vikas totally clueless about the future course of action! The case dwells on the challenges of a film production start-up and provides an opportunity for readers to explore creative solutions to management problems.

Expected learning outcomes
Critical thinking, creative thinking, communication skills and leadership ability are some of the liberal arts outcomes that the case study attempts to deliver. In addition, it enables students to apply their knowledge and understanding of key principles of management in solving the case problems. Thus, the case also provides transfer ability as an important learning outcome.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes. Additional material with respect to film production can be helpful to the students in appreciating the finer aspects of this case, which deals with filmmaking. In this direction, helpful links to useful resources are mentioned in the case study.