bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, Productivity, Performance, and Culture in the Rorschachs of a Multiethnic Group of Adolescents
Authors: Vaz Cícero Emidio 
Published: September 2011

L’article que nous présentons rapporte une recherche qui a pris en compte les aspects ethnique, culturel et de personnalité dans la productivité et la performance liées aux niveaux d’anxiété et de contrôle rationnel chez des adolescents de différentes origines ethniques dans le sud du Brésil. Cette recherche s’enracine dans un projet que nous menons depuis 1988 portant sur l’étude des capacités de productivité. Nous cherchions alors à déterminer si le niveau d’anxiété situationnelle était différent chez les indiens Tükuna et chez les blancs non-Tükuna d’origine portugaise vivant dans l’état d’Amazonie du Nord du Brésil. Nous avons pu montrer que les indiens Tükuna et les sujets non-Tükuna sont similaires quant à leurs besoins de réussite et de production et à leur haut niveau de besoin d’affiliation (recherche de protection). Dans l’étude présente, le Rorschach dans la perspective de Klopfer fut proposé à 107 adolescents des deux sexes d’origine portugaise, afro-brésilienne, allemande, israélite et italienne à Rio Grande do Sul, dans le sud du Brésil. Aucun des sujets ne présentait de problèmes de comportement ou scolaire. Leurs protocoles furent comparés à l’aide du Wilcoxon pour k échantillons indépendants et un MANOVA avec un seuil de significativité de .05. L’étude a porté sur les réponses Dbl (S) comme signe d’anxiété situationnelle et le nombre total de réponses (R) comme indice de capacité de performance et de productivité, ainsi que sur la corrélation entre S, R et F (réponses formelles). La moyenne de R est considérée comme normale entre 15 et 22. Les adolescents afro-brésiliens ont présenté moins d’anxiété, de productivité, de performance et de productivité culturelle(R) que les autres groupes, corrélé avec une absence d’anxiété (S), ce que l’on peut interpréter comme une tendance à l’accommodation. Les adolescents afro-brésiliens ressemblent aux adolescents Tükuna testés dans l’intérieur de l’Amazonie dans leur faible capacité de productivité et de performance. Contrairement à ce qu’on avait trouvé chez les adolescents d’origine portugaise testés par l’auteur dans l’intérieur de l’Amazonie, les adolescents portugais du sud du Brésil ne présentaient pas de faible capacité de productivité. On a trouvé une corrélation positive entre l’anxiété situationnelle et le souci de la performance et de la productivité chez les adolescents d’origine allemande, israélite, italienne et portugaise. En d’autres termes, ces groupes ethniques présentaient une anxiété directement corrélée à leurs soucis de performance et de productivité. Les adolescents d’origine afro-brésilienne, au contraire, ne présentaient pas de signes d’anxiété et de souci lié à la performance et à la productivité. On discute de l’hypothèse selon laquelle ce résultat serait lié à une accommodation et une dépendance qui s’origineraient dans une acceptation, non combattue, de l’acculturation de la dépendance issue de la période d’esclavage du Brésil.
Rorschach Findings and Neuropsychological Comparison of First-Episode Psychotic Depression with First-Episode Nonpsychotic Depression and Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Ilonen Tuula , Mattlar Carl-Erik , Salokangas Raimo K. R. 
Published: September 2011

Dans cette étude nous avons tenté de clarifier les traits neuropsychologiques et l’organisation psychologique qui différencient la dépression psychotique. Nous avons comparé 17 psychotiques unipolaires déprimés dans leur premier épisode avec 14 patients non psychotiques déprimés dans leur premier épisode et 20 patients schizophrènes, en utilisant une batterie de tests neuropsychologiques et le Rorschach en Système Intégré. Tous les sujets répondaient aux critères diagnostics de la DSM-IV et de l’ICD-10, obtenus par consensus entre quatre psychiatres expérimentés. Les patients à dépression psychotique ne différaient pas significativement des patients déprimés non psychotiques ni des patients schizophrènes sur les mesures neuropsychologiques. On a trouvé des différences entre les déprimés non psychotiques et le groupe schizophrène, ce dernier obtenant de moins bons résultats sur la plupart des mesures. Toutefois, la dépression était aussi associée avec un certain nombre de déficits cognitifs, particulièrement dans les secteurs de la mémoire, de l’attention, de la vitesse psychomotrice et de la fonction exécutive. Les trois groupes ne différaient pas de manière significative sur le DEPI. On trouvait des traits dépressifs chez les schizophrènes comme chez les patients déprimés, et seulement 35% des patients à dépression psychotique avaient un DEPI > 5. Bien que le diagnostic de dépression psychotique exige la présence de délire et/ou d’hallucinations, seuls les schizophrènes présentaient des problèmes caractéristiques de troubles de la pensée et de perception inadéquate qui reflétaient un système délirant et/ou hallucinatoire. Les patients à dépression psychotique tout comme les schizophrènes présentaient une caractéristique stylistique de sur-simplification des stimuli et un stress situationnel. Nos résultats ne permettent pas d’affirmer avec certitude que la dépression psychotique est une catégorie diagnostique séparée de la dépression non psychotique bien que l’on trouve effectivement certaines tendances qui pourraient le permettre. Identifier la dépression psychotique est difficile parce ce trouble semble présenter des caractéristiques mixtes et hétérogènes non seulement en termes de signes et de symptômes, mais aussi au regard des fonctions cognitives. Enfin, nos résultats suggèrent que les critères du délire et/hallucinations sont peut-être surévalués pour le diagnostic d’une dépression psychotique.
Some Rorschach Variables from a Normative Study with 10-Year-Old Portuguese Children
Authors: Silva Danilo R. , Campos Rui 
Published: September 2011

A partir da análise dos dados normativos de uma amostra de 60 crianças portuguesas, 30 de cada sexo, de 10 anos de idade, vivendo na cidade de Lisboa, os autores procedem ao exame de um certo número de variáveis cujos valores médios ou frequência de ocorrência se afastam, de modo acentuado, de idênticos dados obtidos por Exner e Weiner , nos EUA. O objectivo não consiste tão só em salientar a ocorrência de diferenças, mas sobretudo em assinalar o que porventura pode constituir um conjunto de indicadores da dimensão cultural portuguesa, responsável por tais diferenças. Após uma breve caracterização da amostra, apresentam-se os resultados de uma busca de diferenças entre sexos, as quais se limitam a 5 variáveis: soma das respostas de sombreado, combinação cor-sombredo, conteúdo humano irreal, total de respostas de conteúdo humano e conteúdo Arte. Estas diferenças são todas favoráveis ao sexo feminino. Apresenta-se, depois, uma tabela com os dados normativos portugueses e norte-americanos de 47 variáveis do Rorschach, em termos de média e desvio-padrão. O seu exame começa por destacar dois aspectos principais. Em primeiro lugar, regista-se o facto de, quase sistematicamente, os valores dos desvios-padrão serem mais elevados na amostra portuguesa do que na americana, indicando uma maior dispersão ou variabilidade de respostas na primeira do que na segunda. A que se deve esta característica? A uma população mais heterogénea? A um modo ou atitude mais personalizada ou individualizada de resposta? É uma questão que se levanta e cuja resposta pode ser reveladora. Em segundo lugar, chama-se a atenção para o valor elevado de Lambda, mostrando designadamente que o valor máximo desta variável, nos dados normativos americanos, 1.11, fica bastante aquém do valor mediano dos dados da amostra portuguesa, 1.67. Como a variável Lambda constitui, neste caso, um importante condicionador da ocorrência de outros determinantes, ela torna-se a característica principal, responsável pelas acentuadas diferenças que se verificam na maioria das variáveis constantes da tabela. O exame e discussão dessas diferenças resultam, pois, injustificados e inadequados. Isto equivale a postular a ideia de que a comparação entre os totais das duas amostras, com base na multiplicidade de variáveis do Rorschach, é, em grande medida, inviável, ou, dito de outro modo, que as duas amostras são realmente distintas e independentes num importante número de aspectos.
An all-taxon microbial inventory of the Moorea coral reef ecosystem
Authors: McCliment Elizabeth A , Nelson Craig E , Carlson Craig A , Alldredge Alice L , Witting Jan , Amaral-Zettler Linda A 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Site (17.50°S, 149.83°W) comprises the fringe of coral reefs and lagoons surrounding the volcanic island of Moorea in the Society Islands of French Polynesia. As part of our Microbial Inventory Research Across Diverse Aquatic LTERS biodiversity inventory project, we characterized microbial community composition across all three domains of life using amplicon pyrosequencing of the V6 (bacterial and archaeal) and V9 (eukaryotic) hypervariable regions of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Our survey spanned eight locations along a 130-km transect from the reef lagoon to the open ocean to examine changes in communities along inshore to offshore gradients. Our results illustrate consistent community differentiation between inshore and offshore ecosystems across all three domains, with greater richness in all domains in the reef-associated habitats. Bacterial communities were more homogenous among open ocean sites spanning &gt;100 km than among inshore sites separated by &lt;1 km, whereas eukaryotic communities varied more offshore than inshore, and archaea showed more equal levels of dissimilarity among subhabitats. We identified signature communities representative of specific geographic and geochemical milieu, and characterized co-occurrence patterns of specific microbial taxa within the inshore ecosystem including several bacterial groups that persist in geographical niches across time. Bacterial and archaeal communities were dominated by few abundant taxa but spatial patterning was consistent through time and space in both rare and abundant communities. This is the first in-depth inventory analysis of biogeographic variation of all three microbial domains within a coral reef ecosystem.
Sport, substance use and satisfaction with life: What relationship?
Authors: Paupério Tiago , Corte‐Real Nuno , Dias Claudia , Fonseca António 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRegular sports practice offers many benefits to health at any stage of human development and, particularly in adolescence, determines the gain from enduring habits of practice until adulthood (Lopes, Maia, Oliveira, Seabra, & Garganta, 2003; Perkins, Jacobs, Barber, & Eccles, 2004; Scheerder et al., 2006). Among these benefits, we can find prevention and control of risk behaviour such as consumption of tobacco and alcohol; and its contribution to healthy growth not only physical but also psychological (Cavill, Kahlmeier, & Racioppi, 2006).The main objectives of this study were: i) review, by gender and age, the level of sport, the consumption of tobacco and alcohol and the satisfaction with life of students of the third cycle of basic education who attend schools of Continental Portugal; ii) check the relationship between sport and other variables described in this population.The instruments used were the “Inventory of Health‐related Behaviors of Adolescents” (Corte‐Real, Balaguer, & Fonseca, 2004) and “Scale of Satisfaction with Life”, translated and adapted version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale‐SWLS (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). The sample consisted of 5,624 adolescents (53% female and 47% male) aged between 12 and 17 years ( =14.33; σ= 1.359).The main results drawn were as follows: i) low levels of regular sports practice, especially in women, with a tendency to decrease with age; ii) consumption of tobacco significantly similar between genders, increasing with age; iii) significant alcohol consumption, especially in males, increasing with age; iv) consumption of tobacco very similar in the three levels of sports practice; v) high consumption of alcohol in young people with higher sports practice; vi) young people with higher sports practice had a higher degree of satisfaction with life.These results point clearly to the urgent need for measures at home and school, to support young people in the choice of a healthier lifestyle, including the acquisition of a more active lifestyle. The results also suggest that the full potential of sport, to promote behaviour which protects health and healthy lifestyles, might not always be used, so it is crucial for all physical education professionals and coaches to use, continuously and correctly, this “tool”, the sports practice, to promote healthy habits and lifestyles.
Countermovement jump in performance diagnostics: Use of the correct jumping technique
Authors: Richter Anne , Räpple Stefan , Kurz Gunther , Schwameder Hermann 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of arm‐swing and sporting activity on jump height and jump height variability of countermovement jumps in adolescent students to inform correct jumping technique in different settings. Altogether, 324 students (grades 5–11) performed three countermovement jumps with bilateral arm‐swings and three countermovement jumps without arm‐swings on a force platform. The participants were divided into three groups based on sporting activity. The groups with the most (“active group”; more than 6 h formal athletics in a sport club per week) and least active (“sedentary group”; less than 3 h formal athletics in a sport club per week) participants were compared. Jump height was calculated for all jumps, and the best trial of three was used for further analysis. Jump height variability was indicated by the coefficient of variation over three jumps. The reliability of jump height was determined using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) over three trials of each jumping technique. The reliability of jump height was very high for all conditions (ICC: 0.90–0.96). Jump height was significantly higher for countermovement jumps with than without arm‐swings for both groups. Jump height in the active group was significantly greater than in the sedentary group for both jumping techniques. A significant interaction between jumping technique and sporting activity indicates a greater benefit of arm‐swing in the active than in the sedentary participants. No significant differences between groups were observed for jump height variability. Jump height can be measured reliably in active and sedentary adolescent individuals for both jumping techniques. The relevant jumping technique should be chosen with respect to the context of its application and based on its suitability for the individual and task of interest.
Does household enrolment reduce adverse selection in a voluntary health insurance system? Evidence from the Ghanaian National Health Insurance System
Authors: Rajkotia Yogesh , Frick Kevin 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
In August 2003, the Ghanaian Government made history by implementing the first National Health Insurance System (NHIS) in sub-Saharan Africa. Within 2 years, over one-third of the country had voluntarily enrolled in the NHIS. To discourage households from selectively enrolling their sickest (high-risk) members, the NHIS in the Nkoranza district offered premium waivers for all children under 18 in exchange for full household enrolment. This study aimed to test whether, despite this incentive, there is evidence suggestive of adverse selection. To accomplish this, we examined how the observed pay-off from insurance (odds and intensity of medical consumption) responds to changes in the family enrolment cost. If adverse selection were present, we would expect the odds and intensity of medical consumption to increase with family enrolment cost. A number of econometric tests were conducted using the claims database of the NHIS in Nkoranza. Households with full enrolment were analysed, for a total of 58 516 individuals from 12 515 households. Our results show that household enrolment cost is not correlated with (1) odds or intensity of inpatient use or (2) odds of adult outpatient use, and is weakly correlated with the intensity of outpatient use. We also find that household enrolment costs are positively correlated with the number of children in the household and the odds and intensity of outpatient use by children. Thus, we conclude that the child-premium waiver is an important incentive for household enrolment. This evidence suggests that adverse selection has effectively been contained, but not eliminated. We argue that since one of the main objectives of the NHIS was to increase use of necessary care, especially by children, our findings indicate a largely favourable policy outcome, but one that may carry negative financial consequences. Policy makers must balance the fiscal need to contain costs with the societal objective to cover vulnerable populations.
A multiparametric assay to compare the cytotoxicity of endodontic sealers with primary human osteoblasts
Authors: Scelza M. Z. , Linhares A. B. , da Silva L. E. , Granjeiro J. M. , Alves G. G. 
Published: September 2011

Scelza MZ, Linhares AB, da Silva LE, Granjeiro JM, Alves GG. A multiparametric assay to compare the cytotoxicity of endodontic sealers with primary human osteoblasts. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 12–18, 2012.AbstractAim  To compare the cytotoxicity of four endodontic sealers (Sealapex, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, Real Seal and MTA Fillapex) either 1 or 7 days after mixing, when assessed through a multiparametric analysis employing human primary cells closely related to periapical tissues.Methodology  Extracts of each sealer were prepared following 24‐h exposure to culture media, at either 24 h or 7 days after mixing. Primary human osteoblasts were exposed to extracts for 24 h, at 37 °C with 5% CO2, and cell viability was evaluated by a multiparametric assay assessing sequentially, on the same cells, mitochondrial activity (XTT), membrane integrity (neutral red test) and total cell density (crystal violet dye exclusion test). Results from each test and experimental time were compared by 2‐way analysis of variance (anova).Results  All endodontic sealers had strong cytotoxicity 24 h after mixing, according to all parameters evaluated. At a longer setting period (7 days), viability for Sealapex was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and Pulp Canal Sealer achieved levels of cytocompatibility similar to the control group. The anova indicated a general correlation between the cytotoxicity of the materials and the time after mixing, with some level of dependence on the cell viability assay employed.Conclusions  All materials had high cytotoxic levels for human primary cells, mostly on a time‐dependent basis, as shown by three different cell viability tests.
Effect of white mineral trioxide aggregate compared with biomimetic carbonated apatite on dentine bridge formation and inflammatory response in a dental pulp model
Authors: Danesh F. , Vahid A. , Jahanbani J. , Mashhadiabbas F. , Arman E. 
Published: September 2011

Danesh F, Vahid A, Jahanbani J, Mashhadiabbas F, Arman E. Effect of white mineral trioxide aggregate compared with biomimetic carbonated apatite on dentine bridge formation and inflammatory response in a dental pulp model. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 26–34, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate the effects of apatite precipitation on the biocompatibility and hard tissue induction properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) in a dental pulp model.Methodology  Pulp exposures were created on the axial walls of 32 sound canine teeth of eight dogs. Four additional sound teeth served as controls. The pulps were capped either with WMTA or apatite derivatives [biomimetic carbonated apatite (BCAp)] in the interaction of WMTA with a synthetic tissue fluid and restored with zinc oxide–eugenol cement. After 7 and 70 days, the animals were killed, and the histological specimens taken from the teeth were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histomorphological evaluation. The Brown and Brenn technique was employed to stain bacteria. The data were subjected to nonparametric Kruskall–Wallis analysis and Mann–Whitney U_tests.Results  Biomimetic carbonated apatite did not induce hard tissue bridge formation. WMTA performed significantly better than BCAp in this respect at both periods (P < 0.05). BCAp was associated with a significantly greater inflammatory response as compared with WMTA after 7 days (P < 0.05). Both materials were associated with similar reactions after 70 days (P > 0.05).Conclusions  White mineral trioxide aggregate induced hard tissue formation via a mechanism other than that postulated via apatite formation.
Development of a psychosocial adaptation questionnaire for Chinese patients with visual impairments
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐jie , Wang Ai‐ping 
Published: September 2011

Aim.  To develop a psychosocial adaptation questionnaire for Chinese patients with visual impairments and to examine its reliability and validity.Background.  Psychosocial adaptation with disease has been studied, however, there have been few reports on the impact of visual impairment on psychosocial adaptation. An instrument has not been developed to assess psychosocial adaptation with visual impairment specifically for patients in China.Methods.  Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. A questionnaire was developed based on the concept of psychosocial adaptation with visual impairment. Items for the questionnaire were developed by reviewing the literature and carrying out a semi‐structured interview with 12 visually impaired patients. Five ophthalmologists and ten patients evaluated the content validity and face validity of the questionnaire, respectively. The method of convenient sampling was used to select 213 visually impaired patients in the Ophthalmology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University to participate in the study. Discriminative index and item‐total correlation analyses were used to delete items that were lower than a set criterion. Regarding construct validity, factor analysis was performed. The Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Self Acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ) were used to evaluate criterion validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used as an index of internal consistency. To evaluate test–retest reliability, 50 patients were re‐evaluated after 24 hours.Results.  A total of 204 questionnaire items were created. 22 items were deleted by discriminative index and item‐total correlation before factor analysis; 38 items were entered into the model for factor analysis. Seven factors were extracted by using principal factor analysis and varimax rotation, with a cumulative contribution of 59·18%. The correlation coefficients between the psychosocial adaptation questionnaire for visual impairment and the SAS, GSES and SAQ were −0·771, 0·754 and 0·722, respectively (p < 0·01). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the psychosocial adaptation questionnaire was 0·948. The alpha coefficients of seven sub‐questionnaires ranged from 0·56–0·89. The correlation coefficients for the total questionnaire and seven sub‐questionnaires ranged from 0·97–0·99 (p < 0·01).Conclusion.  The results of this study confirmed the reliability and validity of the 38‐item psychosocial adaptation questionnaire for the visually impaired in China. It therefore can be used as a measurement tool for widespread, cost‐effective clinical assessment and further research.Relevance to clinical practice.  The new tool may help nurses and other clinical personnel to evaluate the psychosocial adaptation of visually impaired patients and provide a suitable basis for assisting with adaptation to visual impairment and enhancing quality of life.