bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New analytical expressions, symmetry relations and numerical solutions for the rotational overlap integrals
Authors: Akdemir S. Ö. , Eryilmaz S. D. , Öztekin E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this article, extremely simple analytical formulas are obtained for rotational overlap integrals which occur in integrals over two reduced rotation matrix elements. The analytical derivations are based on the properties of the Jacobi polynomials and beta functions. Numerical results and special values for rotational overlap integrals are obtained by using symmetry properties and recurrence relationships for reduced rotation matrix elements. The final results are of surprisingly simple structures and very useful for practical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
First word: nudging men towards better health
Authors: Kirby Roger 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMost of us aspire to be slim and healthy, but, by regularly succumbing to temptation, we persist in behaving in ways that undermine that goal. In truth, it is much easier to uncork a bottle of wine when you get home instead of putting on running shoes and going out on the common. The instant gratification of a hamburger and chips (which contain around 700 calories) contrasts sharply with the sweat of an hour in the gym, which is necessary to burn that amount of consumed fat and carbohydrate. So what can be done to counteract these unhealthy tendencies? Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Cancer Research UK
Authors: Jones Sophie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCancer Research UK is the world's leading charity dedicated to beating cancer. We receive no government funding for our research and rely entirely on public donations. Our vision is ‘Together we will beat cancer’. This is clearly an enormous challenge, but it is a vital one to tackle because more than one in three of us will get cancer at some point in our lives. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
An experimental and numerical study of the performance of a model turbine
Authors: Krogstad P. ‐Å. , Lund J.A. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe performance of a 0.9 m diameter model wind turbine using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory S826 airfoil profile has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. The geometry was laid out using blade element momentum (BEM) theory, and a detailed description of the geometry is given here. The design was tested experimentally and gave a peak power coefficient of CP = 0.448 at the design tip speed ratio of λ = 6. After the model tests had been undertaken, numerical calculations were performed by means of fully three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using a k −ω turbulence model. It was found that the BEM correctly predicts the shape of the power and thrust coefficient curves, with the efficiency coefficient virtually identical to the measurements at the design conditions. At higher tip speed ratios, the performance is over‐predicted. The estimated thrust was, however, consistently too low by a shift of the order of ΔCT ∼ 0.1 in the normal operating tip speed range. The high‐resolution CFD predictions (using about 3.5 ×106 grid points) reproduced the model thrust coefficient almost perfectly, and the predicted power coefficients were also very close to the measurements, although the agreement with the measurements at high tip speed ratios were only marginally better than those from the BEM method. At the design tip speed ratio, the CFD over‐predicted the power coefficient by merely 2%. The good agreement between the measured and computed performance at model scale assures that accurate predictions of turbine performance at full‐scale conditions are also possible with high‐resolution CFD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antifungal activity of Coriaria nepalensis essential oil by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity against Candida
Authors: Ahmad Aijaz , Khan Amber , Kumar Pankaj , Bhatt R. P. , Manzoor Nikhat 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFungal diseases in humans have increased significantly with the advent of an expanding population of immunosuppressed patients and with the introduction of sophisticated life‐saving medical procedures. Plant extracts and products have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Coriaria nepalensis essential oil (CNEO) is known to possess antimicrobial activity. This study was an attempt to examine CNEO against various fluconazole‐sensitive and ‐resistant Candida isolates. Insight into the mechanism of action was elucidated by flow cytometric analysis and ergosterol biosynthesis studies. The susceptibility tests for CNEO were carried out in terms of MIC and by disc diffusion assays against all Candida isolates, employing standard protocols. Insight into the mechanism of action was elucidated by propidium iodide cell sorting (FACS) and by assessing ergosterol content in treated and untreated isolates with the test entity. CNEO was found effective against all Candida isolates, including the resistant strains. While CNEO inflicts fungal cell death by disrupting membrane integrity, significant impairment of ergosterol biosynthesis was induced by the test entity. CNEO showed a strong antifungal effect against all the Candida isolates. Mechanisms of action appear to originate from the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis and the disruption of membrane integrity. It can be concluded that the observed antimicrobial characteristics of C. nepalensis indicate that it might be a promising antimicrobial agent. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment effects of stimulant medication in young boys with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Roberts Jane E. , Miranda Margot , Boccia Maria , Janes Heather , Tonnsen Bridgette L. , Hatton Deborah D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and is caused by a CGG repeat expansion at Xq27.3 on the FMR1 gene. The majority of young boys with FXS display poor attention and hyperactivity that is disproportionate to their cognitive disability, and approximately 70% meet diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology is employed with 82% of young males 5–17 years of age, with stimulant medication as the most common medication prescribed. This study evaluated the effects of stimulant medication on the academic performance, attention, motor activity, and psychophysiological arousal of boys with FXS, as well as the concordance of effects within individuals. Participants in this study included 12 boys with FXS who were treated with stimulants. Participants completed videotaped academic testing on two consecutive days and were randomly assigned to be off stimulants for 1 day and on stimulants the other day. On each day, multiple measures including academic performance, behavior regulation, and psychophysiological arousal were collected. Approximately 75% of participants performed better on attention and academic measures, and 70% showed improved physiological regulation while on stimulant medication. A high degree of concordance among measures was found. Lower intelligence quotient (IQ), but not age, correlated with greater improvements in in-seat behavior. IQ and age did not relate to on-task behaviors. The frequency and magnitude of response to stimulant medication in boys with FXS is higher than those reported for most children with non-specific intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder.
Language and sociability: insights from Williams syndrome
Authors: Fishman Inna , Yam Anna , Bellugi Ursula , Mills Debra 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
One of the most compelling features of Williams syndrome (WS) is the widely reported excessive sociability, accompanied by a relative proficiency in expressive language, which stands in stark contrast with significant intellectual and nonverbal impairments. It has been proposed that the unique language skills observed in WS are implicated in the strong drive to interact and communicate with others, which has been widely documented in WS. Nevertheless, this proposition has yet to be empirically examined. The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between a brain index of language processing and judgments of approachability of faces, as a proxy for sociability, in individuals with WS as contrasted to typical controls. Results revealed a significant and substantial association between the two in the WS, but not in the control group, supporting the hitherto untested notion that language use in WS might be uniquely related to their excessive social drive.
Ultrasound in austere settings: a case report from a field hospital in Haiti
Authors: Gerson Samuel Jeffrey , Perera Phillips 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This case report from a field hospital in post-earthquake Haiti underscores the utility of portable ultrasound in austere environments. An 8-year-old boy was evaluated for several weeks of fevers and chills, general malaise, and increasing abdominal girth. He appeared ill with mild tachypnea, decreased breath sounds at bilateral lung bases, a distended abdomen with a palpable fluid wave, and bilateral pitting edema. This clinical picture was concerning for advanced schistosomiasis and ultrasound findings supported this presumptive diagnosis and helped direct treatment. Images from this case demonstrated several classic ultrasound findings described by the WHO including hepatosplenomegaly and diffuse fibrotic changes in the hepatobiliary and urogenital tracts. This case report demonstrates the effective use of portable ultrasound in making an accurate diagnosis and forming a definitive treatment plan for a patient in a resource-limited environment.
A comparison of proliferative capacity and passaging potential between neural stem and progenitor cells in adherent and neurosphere cultures
Authors: Sun Tao , Wang Xiao‐Jing , Xie Shan‐Shan , Zhang Dao‐Lai , Wang Xu‐Ping , Li Bo‐Qin , Ma Wu , Xin Hua 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNeural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) can be isolated from the fetal or adult brain and expanded in culture for potential use in basic research, drug discovery and cell therapy. In the present study, two culture systems have been commonly used to maintain and expand NSPCs isolated from mammalian CNS: neurosphere and adhesive substrate‐bound monolayer culture. NSPCs were isolated from the neuroepithelium of E14 embryonic rat cerebral cortex and maintained and expanded on fibronectin substrates or within neurospheres in serum‐free medium. Ultrastructural study under transmission electron microscope revealed similar characteristics of immature morphology of NSPCs in adherent and neurosphere cultures. NSPCs cultured on adherent substrates and within neurospheres shared the properties of self‐renewal and multipotency, but little is known about proliferation capacity and passaging potential of adherent NSPCs compared to neurosphere culture. We found that the self‐renewal capacity of NSPCs in adherent culture was higher than that in neurosphere culture in the P1 and P3 passages, and reduced after the P5 passage. At the same time, comparative analysis using BrdU incorporation and immunostaining for nestin indicated that NSPCs grew significantly faster in primary cultures on adherent substrates than within neurospheres. Whereas, NSPCs in adherent culture could not maintain such robust growth for more than 6 passages. The growth of NSPCs within neurospheres was slower than that in adherent culture, but increased steadily and could be maintained for more than 10 passages. These data provide useful information for large scale in vitro expansion of NSPCs required by potential drug screening and cell therapy.
Effect of early postnatal air-conduction auditory deprivation on the development and function of the rat spiral ganglion
Authors: Wang F , Gao X , Chen J , Liu S-L , Wang F-Y , Hei R-Y , Chen Y , Qiu J-H 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effect of early postnatal air-conduction auditory deprivation on the development and function of the rat spiral ganglion.Study design:Randomised animal study.Methods:Sixty neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: controls (n = 30) given regular chow and water ad libitum; and study animals (n = 30) fed within a soundproof chamber. Auditory brainstem response testing was conducted in both groups on postnatal day 42.Results:Auditory deprivation between postnatal days 12 and 42 resulted in an increased hearing threshold and reduced auditory brainstem response amplitudes, together with degeneration of type I spiral ganglion neurons and the presence of apoptotic cells.Conclusion:Non-invasive auditory deprivation during a critical developmental period resulted in numerous changes in rat cochlear function and morphology.
Rossby–Khantadze electromagnetic planetary vortical motions in the ionospheric E-layer
Authors: KALADZE T. D. , TSAMALASHVILI L. V. , KAHLON L. Z. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIt is shown that in the earth's conductive ionospheric E-region, large-scale ultra low-frequency Rossby and Khantadze electromagnetic waves can propagate. Along with the prevalent effect of Hall conductivity for these waves, the latitudinal inhomogeneity of both the earth's angular velocity and the geomagnetic field becomes essential. Action of these effects leads to the coupled propagation of electromagnetic Rossby and Khantadze modes. Linear propagation properties of these waves are given in detail. It is shown that the waves lose the dispersing property for large values of wave numbers. Corresponding nonlinear solitary vortical structures are constructed. Conditions for such self-organization are given. It is shown that nonlinear large-scale vortices generate the stronger pulses of the geomagnetic field than the corresponding linear waves. Previous investigations are revised.
‘Cultural Revolution in Hong Kong’: Emergency Powers, Administration of Justice and the Turbulent Year of 1967
Authors: YEP RAY 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe rule of law has always been cherished as one of the key institutions central to the successful transformation of Hong Kong from ‘a barren rock’ into a global city. The colonial administration's respect for the principles of the rule of law, however, has been tested by sporadic political turbulence during the 150 years of British rule. Due process of law and other key principles of English laws have been compromised by political expediency when the colonizers felt threatened by challenges from various sources. The 1967 Riots was one of those difficult times. Despite the facade of public support for firmness against disturbances enjoyed by the colonial government, the exercise of some of these emergency powers, particularly the powers to detain and deport, remained highly controversial. With normalization of the Anglo-Chinese relationship in mind, the confrontation prisoners constituted a stumbling block for renewing the friendship with Beijing. The various attempts made by London at pressurizing the Hong Kong government for early release of these prisoners attest to the prevalence of political expediency over the respect for the rule of law under colonial rule.
The Free Trade Epidemic of the 1860s and Other Outbreaks of Economic Discrimination
Authors: Lazer David 
Published: June 2011

Why was there an abrupt increase in economic openness in Europe in the 1860s? This increase may have been the result of a contagion process, in which the Cobden-Chevalier treaty between Britain and France threatened to displace third-party exports to France with British exports. As a result, most European states signed similar treaties with France, which had further ripple effects.This article outlines a formal model of this process, based on the assumption that an agreement between two states increases the desirability of similar treaties to third parties. Propositions regarding the rate and pattern of spread of treaties are derived from this model. This article then discusses the insights these propositions may offer into the rise and fall of the most-favorednation network of treaties between 1860 and 1929.At a theoretical level the model aims to link the microlevel processes underlying state preferences to system-level phenomena. At a substantive level this analysis offers insight into the current explosion of regionalism.
Social Rights Advocacy and State Building: T. H. Marshall in the Hands of Social Reformers
Authors: Klausen Jytte 
Published: June 2011

This article argues that it is a fallacy to regard “social citizenship” as granting social rights equivalent to civil rights and suffrage. The argument is based partly upon a textual analysis showing that in formulating his influential “trinity” of citizenship, T. H. Marshall obfuscated differences between the distributional logic of redistributive policy and political and civil rights. The second part of the argument is based upon an empirical discussion of how social citizenship arguments have been applied to create comprehensive social reform.The Scandinavian welfare states play a central role in the discussion as examples of the inclu-sionary benefits of social citizenship. Three instances of welfare state expansion are discussed: the passage of legislation establishing flat-rate retirement benefits, the institution of supplementary earnings-related retirement benefits, and feminist mobilization in the 1980s for a “woman-friendly” welfare state. It is shown that claims to social citizenship are used by out-groups to demand inclusion in electoral coalitions aiming at welfare state expansion.The article concludes that social citizenship is inextricably linked to redistributive political conflict between in-groups and out-groups and depends upon state capacity to raise revenues and to police entitlement. A key difference between social rights and political and civil rights is that consumption of the former hinges on both the consent of the community and the willingness of others to pay for such consumption, while consumption of the latter does not impose direct costs upon others.
A Garden of Eden theorem for linear subshifts
Authors: CECCHERINI-SILBERSTEIN TULLIO , COORNAERT MICHEL 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLet G be an amenable group and let V be a finite-dimensional vector space over an arbitrary field 𝕂. We prove that if X⊂VG is a strongly irreducible linear subshift of finite type and τ:X→X is a linear cellular automaton, then τ is surjective if and only if it is pre-injective. We also prove that if G is countable and X⊂VG is a strongly irreducible linear subshift, then every injective linear cellular automaton τ:X→X is surjective.
Sofic entropy and amenable groups
Authors: BOWEN LEWIS 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn previous work, the author introduced a measure-conjugacy invariant for sofic group actions called sofic entropy. Here, it is proven that the sofic entropy of an amenable group action equals its classical entropy. The proof uses a new measure-conjugacy invariant called upper-sofic entropy and a theorem of Rudolph and Weiss for the entropy of orbit-equivalent actions relative to the orbit changeσ-algebra.
Decadal variability of winter temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula region
Authors: Kravchenko V.O. , Evtushevsky O.M. , Grytsai A.V. , Milinevsky G.P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRapid climate warming has been observed in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula since the middle of the last century with the largest warming rate in the winter. Decadal variability of winter temperature on the regional scale was analysed using eight station datasets of the Antarctic Peninsula region. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Reference Antarctic Data for Environmental Research from the period 1950–2009 were used. Fourier and wavelet transforms of the averaged temperature anomaly time series reveal a clear separation between the oscillations with three to eight year periods and a decadal oscillation with a period of around 16 years. On the Antarctic Peninsula region scale, 16 year periodicity in the winter temperature variability has not been described before. Both spectral components show similar spectral power and statistical significance (5–10%). This is evidence of their comparable importance for winter temperature changes in the Antarctic Peninsula region. The three to eight year periods are most probably related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Antarctic Circumpolar Wave signals, but the 16 year oscillation has not been identified within the scope of this analysis. The possible effect of the decadal oscillation in the winter temperature trend estimate is discussed.
Implementation of REDD+ in sub-Saharan Africa: state of knowledge, challenges and opportunities
Authors: HENRY MATIEU , MANIATIS DANAE , GITZ VINCENT , HUBERMAN DAVID , VALENTINI RICCARDO 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTDeforestation and forest degradation represent an important part of global CO2emissions. The identification of the multiple drivers of land-use change, past and present forest cover change and associated carbon budget, and the presence of locally adapted systems to allow for proper monitoring are particularly lacking in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Any incentive system to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) will have to overcome those limits. This paper reviews the main challenges to implementing effective REDD+ mitigation activities in SSA. We estimate that SSA is currently a net carbon sink of approximately 319 TgCO2yr−1. Forest degradation and deforestation put the forest carbon stock at risk (mean forest carbon stock is 57,679 TgC). Our results highlight the importance of looking beyond the forest sector to ensure that REDD+ efforts are aligned with agricultural and land-use policies.
Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle predictors of poor diets
Authors: Harrington Janas , Fitzgerald Anthony P , Layte Richard , Lutomski Jennifer , Molcho Michal , Perry Ivan J 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectivePoor-quality diet, regarded as an important contributor to health inequalities, is linked to adverse health outcomes. We investigated sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors of poor-quality diet in a population sample.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of the Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN). Diet was assessed using an FFQ (n9223, response rate = 89 %), from which a dietary score (the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) score) was constructed.SettingGeneral population of the Republic of Ireland.SubjectsThe SLÁN survey is a two-stage clustered sample of 10 364 individuals aged 18 years.ResultsAdjusting for age and gender, a number of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related variables were associated with poor-quality diet: social class, education, marital status, social support, food poverty (FP), smoking status, alcohol consumption, underweight and self-perceived general health. These associations persisted when adjusted for age, gender and social class. They were not significantly altered in the multivariate analysis, although the association with social support was attenuated and that with FP was borderline significant (OR = 1·2, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·45). A classical U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and dietary quality was observed. Dietary quality was associated with social class, educational attainment, FP and related core determinants of health.ConclusionsThe extent to which social inequalities in health can be explained by socially determined differences in dietary intake is probably underestimated. The use of composite dietary quality scores such as the DASH score to address the issue of confounding by diet in the relationship between alcohol consumption and health merits further study.