bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views and Reviews
Authors: Alvarez Natalie 
Published: February 2011

Introduction to Views and Reviews, by Natalie Alvarez Realism/Terrorism:The Walworth Farce, by Kim Solga Remembering Beckett, interviewed by Matthew Hays Violence, Memory, and America, by Alex McLean Place Remembers, by Kendra Fanconi with contributions from Eric Rhys Miller Stanislavsky as Catalyst, by Grahame Renyk Directors and Voice Work: An Attempt to Bridge the Gap, by David Ley
Introduction aux grands problèmes maritimes de la France en 1984
Authors: Guilcher André 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
This foreword summarizes the trends of our special issue, devoted to the present-time management of the French marine and coastal problems. The main items discussed in the papers are pointed out, and it is shown that the most important questions in this respect are actually considered in France, although much remains often to be done before adequate solutions are found.
Le conflit des pêches françaises en 1980 : essai de socio-géographie halieutique
Authors: Corlay Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
The relations generally made of the outbreak of contestation and violence which occurred in the French fisheries during the Summer of 1980 are too often made on a global scale. The detailed study of these events shows, however, that they were multifarious, and resulted from the coexistence and combination of local conflicts. Besides the general problems which arise in the French fisheries, the situations in the different ports and regions appeared actually to be quite diverse. The key for their understanding is the consideration of the different localized halieutic systems which characterize these fisheries.
La spécialisation des activités dans les îles de Batz, d'Ouessant et de Groix : une forme d'adaptation aux contraintes liées à l'insularité
Authors: Le Démézet Maurice , Brigand Louis 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Les études historiques et socio-économiques menées ces dernières années dans les îles de Batz, Ouessant et Groix (Bretagne) ont permis de constater une spécialisation des activités. Cette spécialisation apparaît en terme d'aménagement et de développement comme une nécessaire adaptation économique aux contraintes liées à l'insularité.
L'île de Batz s'oriente de plus en plus vers une agriculture spéculative. Ouessant subit la crise de la Marine marchande. Groix choisit le développement touristique. Ces orientations découlent d'événements historiques le plus souvent induits par le continent et conditionnent les enjeux et le devenir de ces territoires.
Les problèmes d'aménagement suscités par la croissance du port de Zeebrugge
Authors: Charlier Jacques 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
The rise of the port-industrial growth pole of Zeebrugge has arisen thanks to the simultaneous actions of the belgian State and of powerfull local and regional interests. Most of the opposition to the building of this new oceanic gateway came from other national ports, while the lack of a proper urban planning at the initial stage has led to a non functional fragmentation of the Zeebrugge urban area.
Le rapport des marins-pêcheurs aux plaisanciers : un analyseur de leurs représentations de la mer comme espace professionnel
Authors: Bascoul J.L. , Brouat J. P. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
The fishermen who practise inshore fishing as a trade have to share their maritime area with amateur fishermen. This situation is a real problem. What professional fishermen say about their amateur counterparts clearly indicates that they consider the sea as a natural and wild area, whose resources are often regarded as inexhaustible, and also that their representation of marketing is sometimes limited to their wives'stalls in the nearby village markets.
Besides, their statements reveal two kinds of social relationships : their relationship with holiday amateur fishermen on the one hand and their relationship with retired amateur fishermen on the other hand. Holiday fishermen are often looked upon as strangers who have to bear the criticisms one would not dare to level at retired amateur fishermen.
Finally the increasing number of holiday amateur fishermen who do not share the same cultural background is altering the way in which maritime space is being controlled : it is shifting from a system of informal norms specific to the profession to a system of formal norms based on official rules.
Les pêcheurs des Tiers-Mondes et les enjeux alimentaires nord-sud : de l'indifférence à l'esquisse d'une mobilisation internationale
Authors: Rieucau Jean 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Dans le Tiers-Monde tropical, la pêche apparaît comme une activité nouvelle, la mer comme une nouvelle frontière. Globalement, le phénomène de création de sociétés de pêcheurs, présentant des caractères de stabilité démographique, de cohésion sociale, des traits d'enracinement dans un port, sur un littoral, marquées par une originalité culturelle, l'emporte sur les cas de dépérissement de communautés de pêcheurs. Cependant, l'écosystème littoral tropical, fragile, souffre de l'urbanisation, de l'industrialisation, de l'installation d'activités énergétiques et touristiques, principalement sur les côtes des nouveaux pays industriels. Un fait nouveau gagne les organisations internationales, en particulier les O.N.G. (Organisations Non Gouvernementales) : l'intérêt pour les petits pêcheurs artisans et la pêche côtière. La conférence des petits pêcheurs, tenue à Rome en Juillet 1984, la Journée Mondiale de l'Alimentation réunie à Paris le 16 octobre 1986 sur le thème de la pêche artisanale dans le Tiers-Monde, l'engagement des O.N.G. sur les thèmes maritimes, à l'instar du C.C.F.D. (Comité catholique contre la faim, pour le développement), en témoignent.
Évolutions technologique et sociale de la pêche artisanale sur le littoral de l'état de la Paraiba (nord-est du Brésil)
Authors: David Gilbert 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Le développement de l'économie marchande dans les communautés halieutiques du littoral de l'état de la Paraiba a déterminé une évolution spontanée du matériel de pêche, accompagnée d'une concentration des moyens de production, d'une diminution des effectifs de pêcheurs et d'une stagnation de la production. Un plan de développement de la pêche artisanale a été mis en place par l'administration des pêches dans le but d'accroître l'offre destinée au marché de Joâo Pessoa, la capitale de l'état.
Stratégie de pêche et parcs à poissons dans un atoll de Polynésie française
Authors: Caillaud Laurence 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
Tikehau's main ressource derives from artisanal fishing. The method of catching fish has been handed down by tradition, using an elaborate « Park » system of traps staked in shallow waters near the pass or the channels where lagoon and ocean meet.
This work begin by a traps description, heirs to the stone parks abandonned in the early sixties. Then, by the means of aerial photographs, we attempt to understand their strategy and efficiency by the way of shapes and structures study.
This work was accomplished in the O.R.S.T.O.M. Department : « knowlegment and development of aquatics ecosystems ».
Schémas d'évolution des activités de pêche
Authors: Durand J.L. , Girard S. 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Le champ géographique concerné par l'étude comprend l'ensemble des ports attachés au secteur maritime du Mor Braz (limité à l'ouest par la presqu'île de Quiberon et Belle Ile, au sud par l'axe Belle Ile - Croisic et élargi au Golfe du Morbihan). L'essentiel de leurs activités est dirigé vers l'exploitation des ressources côtières attenantes ; seule une faible composante de la flottille se déplace à l'extérieur du Mor Braz.
Cette communication débute par une présentation des principaux types de navires attachés au secteur du Mor Braz et exerçant au moins une activité de pêche.
Cette introduction est le préalable d'une analyse — en première partie — des facteurs ayant déterminé l'orientation actuelle des activités halieutiques, qu'ils soient d'ordre géographique ou qu'ils s'expriment à travers un ensemble de contraintes bio-économiques.
Dans la deuxième partie, on s'attachera à analyser les mécanismes d'évolution mis en œuvre sous l'angle d'une recherche de productivité accrue. La dichotomie effectuée entre arts traînants et arts dormants conduit à privilégier un mode d'intensification fondé sur une augmentation de l'intensité du capital dans le premier cas. Dans le second cas, l'accroissement moindre du capital s'accompagne d'une hausse du temps de travail.
Le rôle du drainage naturel dans la Plaine côtière atlantique des Etats-Unis
Authors: Mangou J. Patrick 
Published: February 2011

A mi-chemin entre la Fall Line et la mer, le comté de Clarendon (Caroline du Sud) fournit un bon exemple de la partie centrale de la Plaine Côtière Atlantique des États-Unis. Le relief y est d'une planité exceptionnelle, puisque sa pente générale est inférieure à 0,1 %. Les légers accidents du relief sont constitués par d'anciennes lignes de rivage, plio-quaternaires, dont le Surry Scarp, à environ 30 m d'altitude, et d'innombrables dépressions wisconsiniennes, d'origine hydro- éolienne, les bays. Dans ce milieu également homogène par la nature de ses sédiments (argilo-sableux - loamj, on conçoit aisément que le drainage joue un rôle essentiel dans la détermination des paysages, que l'on peut regrouper en trois principaux types, recouvrant chacun environ un tiers des 155.000 ha du comté.
Le premier est constitué par les zones bien drainées des interfluves, livrées aux cultures (soja, mais, tabac, coton). Les sols, ferrugineux tropicaux lessivés, sont malheureusement d'une fertilité médiocre.
Le reste des interfluves, trop plat ou légèrement déprimé, fournit le deuxième type. Les sols, voisins des précédents, montrent une tendance nette à l'hydromorphie, avec l'apparition d'un horizon à pseudogley. Plus de la moitié de ces terres sont laissées à la forêt. Le climax est la forêt décidue à chênes et Carya, mais la forêt secondaire mixte à Pinus taeda-Quercus nigra-Liquidambar styraciflua est bien plus répandue.
Enfin, les zones mal drainées correspondent aux vallées et aux dépressions (bays), plus ou moins inondées. Les sols sont généralement peu évolués, hydromorphes à gley, plus ou moins riches en matière organique. Les formations végé tales peuvent se répartir en trois groupes principaux : la forêt décidue de vallée des ruisseaux et de la Santee, les marais à Taxodium et Nyssa aquatica du Pocotaligo et de la Black River, les laurisilves acidophiles des bays. Des défrichements agricoles, accompagnés de travaux de drainage, ont entamé récemment ces espaces.
Les écluses sur la Vienne : étude physico-chimique des sédiments et zonation longitudinale du macrobenthos
Authors: Chaisemartin C. , Bouet Guy , Balabanian Olivier 
Published: February 2011

The macrobenthos of the Vienne river. ;
The macrobenthos of the Vienne river (France) has been sampled with a dredge at 24 (6 stations X 4) distributed along 10 km. The macrobenthos of this large river is dominated in the lentic stations by the bivalve Mollusc (Pisidium supinum) and by the burrowing may flies (Ephemerella ignita).
The comparison of these benthic communities with those of the Briance river, a water course with different discharges and dimensions, shows that the river in « Val of Vienne » is, typologically, more down-stream than Briance River.
The importance and the duration of low waters combined with the differences of slope are probably the most significant factors defining the composition of benthic communauties of these two rivers.
Physical and chemical studies on the sediments of Vienne river.
Physical and chemical analyses were made on 24 sediment cores, taken at 24 sites of the bottom area, at several lentic stations of the Vienne river.
The horizontal changes of the major parameters are analysed and showed their spatial distributions and the outlines of the sedimentation processes. The influence of nutrients vectors and other allochtonous materials is specially emphasised.
Audiovisual Riddles to Stimulate Children’s Creative Thinking
Authors: Montalvo-Castro Jorge 
Published: February 2011

Solving riddles involves association of ideas, analysis of metaphors, and discovery of analogies. Therefore, promoting this type of children’s entertainment is a way to develop creative thinking. However, there is a problem: traditional riddles are literary forms that correspond to a pre-digital era. How can we increase its acceptance among the digital natives? One way might be creating audiovisual riddles specially designed for YouTube. In this research we made five prototypes of audiovisual riddles with different creative characteristics and validated them among 8-12 years old students. The validation results helped us to identify the attitudes, reactions, interpretations and ways of thinking of children when they try to solve such riddles. We also identified the resources of language and creative formats that fit best in audio-visual riddles. The outcome of this research emphasizes the need to correctly formulate the audiovisual riddle statements and their «clues» for children; this way we assure an intellectual and emotional satisfaction when solving them. It also concludes that reading or listening to traditional riddles are cognitive and sensory experiences that are very different from interacting with the same riddle in a multimedia language. Finally, we discuss and analyze the mediating role of the teacher and the importance of collaborative learning in educational projects using digital technologies.Para resolver una adivinanza hay que asociar ideas, analizar metáforas, descubrir analogías. Por eso, impulsar esta forma de entretenimiento infantil es un modo de ejercitar el pensamiento creativo. Sin embargo, existe un problema: las adivinanzas tradicionales son formas literarias que corresponden a una época pre-digital. ¿Cómo lograr, entonces, que tengan mayor aceptación entre los nativos digitales? Una posible solución sería crear adivinanzas audiovisuales diseñadas especialmente para YouTube. En esta investigación se realizaron cinco prototipos de adivinanzas audiovisuales con características creativas diferentes y se validaron con estudiantes de tercero a sexto grado de educación primaria. Los resultados de la validación permitieron identificar las actitudes, reacciones, interpretaciones y modos de razonamiento de los niños y niñas cuando intentan resolver este tipo de adivinanzas. También se identificaron los recursos de lenguaje y formatos creativos que funcionan mejor en una adivinanza audiovisual. En las conclusiones se destaca la necesidad de formular correctamente los enunciados de las adivinanzas audiovisuales y sus respectivas «pistas» para que los niños y niñas tengan la satisfacción intelectual y emocional de resolverlas. Se precisa, además, que leer o escuchar una adivinanza tradicional representa una experiencia cognitiva y sensorial muy distinta que interactuar con esa misma adivinanza en un lenguaje multimedia. Finalmente, se discute y analiza el rol mediador del docente y la importancia del aprendizaje colaborativo en los proyectos educativos que emplean tecnologías digitales.
Involvement of CD226+ NK Cells in Immunopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Huang Zhan , Fu Binqing , Zheng Song Guo , Li Xiaomei , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang , Wei Haiming 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDysfunction of immune systems, including innate and adaptive immunity, is responsible for the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). NK cells are a major part of the innate immune system, and diminished populations of NK cells have been reported in SLE patients. However, the mechanisms behind this decrease and the role of NK cells in SLE pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that a deficiency of NK cells, especially CD226+ NK cells, is prominent in patients with active SLE. Meanwhile, expression of the CD226 ligands CD112 and CD155 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells is observed in SLE patients; thus, activation of CD226+ NK cells may be induced by CD226–ligand interactions. Furthermore, IFN-α, which is mainly produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, can mediate the activation-induced cell death of NK cells. Therefore, these processes likely contribute to the loss of NK cells in patients with active SLE. Despite the impaired cytotoxicity of peripheral NK cells in human SLE patients and mouse SLE models, we provide evidence that CD226+ NK cells infiltrate the kidneys of predisease MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Kidney-infiltrating NK cells displayed an activated phenotype and a marked ability to produce cytotoxic granules. These results suggest that, before apoptosis, activated NK cells can infiltrate tissues and, to some extent, mediate tissue injury by producing cytotoxic granules and immunoregulatory cytokines.
CCR7 Essentially Contributes to the Homing of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Lymph Nodes under Steady-State As Well As Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Seth Sebastian , Oberdörfer Linda , Hyde Rebecca , Hoff Kirstin , Thies Verena , Worbs Tim , Schmitz Susanne , Förster Reinhold 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe chemokine receptor CCR7 represents an important determinant for circulating lymphocytes to enter lymph nodes (LN) via high endothelial venules. High endothelial venules also represent the major site of entry for plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). In the steady-state, murine pDC have been suggested to home to LN engaging the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, and CCR5, whereas responsiveness to CCR7 ligands is thought to be acquired only upon activation. In this study, we show that already resting pDC express minute amounts of CCR7 that suffice to trigger migration to CCL19/CCL21 in vitro. Upon activation with TLR ligands, CCR7 levels on pDC are strongly increased. Notably, CCR7-deficient mice display substantially reduced pDC counts in LN but not in bone marrow and spleen. Adoptive cell transfer experiments revealed that under both steady-state as well as inflammatory conditions, the homing of CCR7-deficient pDC is severely impaired, indicating that the reduced cell counts of naive pDC observed in CCR7−/− mice reflect an intrinsic homing defect of pDC. Together, these observations provide strong evidence that similar to naive lymphocytes, nonstimulated pDC exploit CCR7 to gain entry into LN. This adds to the repertoire of chemokine receptors permitting them to enter diverse tissues.
EBV Protein BNLF2a Exploits Host Tail-Anchored Protein Integration Machinery To Inhibit TAP
Authors: Horst Daniëlle , Favaloro Vincenzo , Vilardi Fabio , van Leeuwen Hans C. , Garstka Malgorzata A. , Hislop Andrew D. , Rabu Catherine , Kremmer Elisabeth , Rickinson Alan B. , High Stephen , Dobberstein Bernhard , Ressing Maaike E. , Wiertz Emmanuel J. H. J. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
EBV, the prototypic human γ1-herpesvirus, persists for life in infected individuals, despite the presence of vigorous antiviral immunity. CTLs play an important role in the protection against viral infections, which they detect through recognition of virus-encoded peptides presented in the context of HLA class I molecules at the cell surface. The viral peptides are generated in the cytosol and are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by TAP. The EBV-encoded lytic-phase protein BNLF2a acts as a powerful inhibitor of TAP. Consequently, loading of antigenic peptides onto HLA class I molecules is hampered, and recognition of BNLF2a-expressing cells by cytotoxic T cells is avoided. In this study, we characterize BNLF2a as a tail-anchored (TA) protein and elucidate its mode of action. Its hydrophilic N-terminal domain is located in the cytosol, whereas its hydrophobic C-terminal domain is inserted into membranes posttranslationally. TAP has no role in membrane insertion of BNLF2a. Instead, Asna1 (also named TRC40), a cellular protein involved in posttranslational membrane insertion of TA proteins, is responsible for integration of BNLF2a into the ER membrane. Asna1 is thereby required for efficient BNLF2a-mediated HLA class I downregulation. To optimally accomplish immune evasion, BNLF2a is composed of two specialized domains: its C-terminal tail anchor ensures membrane integration and ER retention, whereas its cytosolic N terminus accomplishes inhibition of TAP function. These results illustrate how EBV exploits a cellular pathway for TA protein biogenesis to achieve immune evasion, and they highlight the exquisite adaptation of this virus to its host.
Immunization with Live and DeadChlamydia muridarumInduces Different Levels of Protective Immunity in a Murine Genital Tract Model: Correlation with MHC Class II Peptide Presentation and Multifunctional Th1 Cells
Authors: Yu Hong , Karunakaran Karuna P. , Kelly Isabelle , Shen Caixia , Jiang Xiaozhou , Foster Leonard J. , Brunham Robert C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMice that were intranasally vaccinated with live or dead Chlamydia muridarum with or without CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide 1862 elicited widely disparate levels of protective immunity to genital tract challenge. We found that the frequency of multifunctional T cells coexpressing IFN-γ and TNF-α with or without IL-2 induced by live C. muridarum most accurately correlated with the pattern of protection against C. muridarum genital tract infection, suggesting that IFN-γ+–producing CD4+ T cells that highly coexpress TNF-α may be the optimal effector cells for protective immunity. We also used an immunoproteomic approach to analyze MHC class II-bound peptides eluted from dendritic cells (DCs) that were pulsed with live or dead C. muridarum elementary bodies (EBs). We found that DCs pulsed with live EBs presented 45 MHC class II C. muridarum peptides mapping to 13 proteins. In contrast, DCs pulsed with dead EBs presented only six MHC class II C. muridarum peptides mapping to three proteins. Only two epitopes were shared in common between the live and dead EB-pulsed groups. This study provides insights into the role of Ag presentation and cytokine secretion patterns of CD4+ T effector cells that correlate with protective immunity elicited by live and dead C. muridarum. These insights should prove useful for improving vaccine design for Chlamydia trachomatis.