bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Rosco Neo‐Sensitabs for phenotypic detection and subgrouping of ESBL‐, AmpC‐ and carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Hansen Frank , Hammerum Anette M. , Skov Robert L. , Giske Christian G. , Sundsfjord Arnfinn , Samuelsen Ørjan 
Published: March 2012

The increasing prevalence of ESBL‐, AmpC‐ and carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae necessitates reliable phenotypic tests for detection and categorization. The main objective of this study was to evaluate ROSCO Neo‐Sensitabs with different β‐lactam‐β‐lactam inhibitor combinations for phenotypic detection and categorization of β‐lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae. Using standard CLSI/EUCAST methodology, differences in zones of inhibitions between a β‐lactam alone compared with the combination with a β‐lactamase inhibitor as well as subjective synergy observations were determined for 172 well characterized Enterobacteriaceae strains with defined resistance mechanisms. The results showed that for all ESBL‐positive strains (n = 66), combinations of clavulanic acid synergy with cefotaxime, ceftazidime or cefepime, were observed. All acquired AmpC β‐lactamases (n = 17) were detected using cloxacillin combined with cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (both combinations were required). Carbapenemase producers (n = 59) with the exception of one KPC‐producer were correctly grouped using the combination of meropenem ± aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) or dipicolinic acid (DPA). Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) also inhibited all metallo‐β‐lactamases, but as with DPA, one false positive result was observed. Based upon these data, we propose a tablet layout for 14 cm agar plates, which could be used as a whole or in a targeted approach for detection and categorizing of relevant acquired β‐lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae.
Integrating the common risk factor approach into a social determinants framework
Authors: Watt Richard G. , Sheiham Aubrey 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe common risk factor approach (CRFA) has been highly influential in integrating oral health into general health improvement strategies. However, dental policy makers and oral health promoters have interpreted theCRFAtoo narrowly. They have focussed too heavily on the common behavioural risks, rather than on the broader shared social determinants of chronic diseases. A behavioural preventive approach alone will have minimal impact in tackling oral health inequalities and indeed may widen inequalities across the population. Based on recentWHOpolicy recommendations, this study presents the case for updating theCRFAin accordance with the social determinants agenda. The theoretical basis for a social determinants framework for oral health inequalities is presented, and implications for oral health improvement strategies are highlighted. Future action to address oral health inequalities in middle‐ and high‐income countries requires a radical policy reorientation towards tackling the structural and environmental determinants of chronic diseases. In more equal and fairer societies, all sections of the social hierarchy experience better health and social well‐being.
Invasive aspergillosis in a Putty‐nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) with adrenocortical Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Jurczynski K. , Gruber‐Dujardin E. , Widmer D. , Kaup F.‐J. , Mätz‐Rensing K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground An 18‐year‐old captive female putty‐nosed‐monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) with a history of long‐term infertility and hyperglucocorticism was euthanized because of perforating thoracic trauma induced by group members and subsequent development of neurological signs.Methods Complete necropsy and histopathological examination of formalin‐fixed tissue samples was carried out.Results The monkey showed invasive pulmonary and cerebral infection with Aspergillus fumigatus together with adrenocortical neoplasia and signs of Cushing’s syndrome, such as alopecia with atrophic skin changes, evidence for diabetes mellitus and marked immunosuppression.Conclusions Spontaneous endocrinopathies are rarely described in non‐human primates. Here we report the first case of spontaneous adrenocortical hyperglucocorticism predisposing to systemic aspergillosis in a putty‐nosed monkey.
Current advances and perspectives in the treatment of advanced melanoma
Authors: Livingstone Elisabeth , Zimmer Lisa , Vaubel Julia , Schadendorf Dirk 
Published: March 2012

Summary Melanoma has long been considered as an extremely therapy‐resistant tumour. Recent developments in the area of immunotherapy as well as targeted therapy showed rapid development and excellent results. The anti‐CTLA‐4 antibody ipilimumab, which was approved in the USA and Europe in 2011, was the first substance in melanoma therapy to demonstrate an overall survival benefit. Another approval is expected in Europe for the specific BRAF‐inhibitor vemurafenib, which has shown a significant impact on progression‐free survival and overall survival in patients with the BRAFV600E mutation.In this review the relevant agents in the substance classes of immunomodulatory drugs and small molecules are presented and discussed, and future prospects for combination therapies and developments in melanoma treatment are outlined.
Oral health‐related quality of life of older people from three South American cities
Authors: Fuentes‐García Alejandra , Lera Lydia , Sánchez Hugo , Albala Cecilia 
Published: March 2012

Objective:  To describe subjective oral health status and its association with overall health conditions and socioeconomic factors in the elderly (60 years and older) living in the capital cities with the oldest average populations in South America.Background:  Oral diseases are a public health problem, frequently neglected in older adults. In recent years, the subjective assessment of psychological and social consequences of the problems related to oral health has been valued. One of the instruments used to estimate the Oral Health‐Quality of Life is the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment (GOHAI).Material and methods:  Representative samples from SABE study (1999–2000) of Santiago (n = 1301), Buenos Aires (n = 1043), and Montevideo (n = 1450) aged 60 and over community‐dwelling people. We assessed OH‐QoL (GOHAI), self‐reported missing teeth, denture use, and self‐rated‐health, among other indicators. Logistic regression models(GOHAI < 58) for each city, adjusted by sex and age, were applied.Results:  GOHAI average scores were higher in Montevideo (54.8 ± 6.1) than in Buenos Aires (53.1 ± 7.4) and Santiago (49.9 ± 8.6). A pronounced gradient of the oral condition and GOHAI scores were observed within the three‐cities. Denture use ‐less prevalent in Santiago and more common among women‐ is a protective factor against a poor OH‐QoL.Conclusion:  Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health status and OH‐QoL are observed in the three cities. The increasing life expectancy emphasizes the need to integrate prevention and treatment efforts, as a way to improve OH‐QoL over the course of a lifetime.
Prevalence of removable partial dentures users treated at the Aracatuba Dental School – UNESP
Authors: Pellizzer Eduardo P. , Almeida Daniel Augusto de Faria , Falcón‐Antenucci Rosse M. , Sánchez Daniela Mayumi I.K. , Zuim Paulo Renato J. , Verri Fellippo R. 
Published: March 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00653.x

Prevalence of removable partial dentures users treated at the Aracatuba Dental School – UNESPObjectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of removable partial dentures (RPD) at the Aracatuba Dental School.Methods:  The study was conducted by analysing 412 clinical history of patients attended at the RPD clinics in the period from 2000 to 2007.Results:  412 charts were analysed: 148 (35.9%) men and 264 (64.1%) women. The mean age was 53.8 years (men) and 52.4 years (women). A total of 556 dentures were made; of these, 233 (41.90%) were maxillary and 323 (58.09%) were mandibular dentures. The most frequent Kennedy classification found was Class III (maxilla) and Class I (mandible). In the maxilla, 55% (126) of the major connectors were of the anterior–posterior palatal bar, while in the mandible, 64% (202) were the lingual bar. As regards the claps, 401 were circumferential and 318 were bar claps.Conclusion:  The mean age of the patients was 52.9 years with higher prevalence of female patients; the most frequent Kennedy’s classification was Class I in mandible and Class III in maxilla; the most common major connector was anterior–posterior palatal bar for maxilla and lingual bar for mandible; the circumferential clasps were the most common retainer used in both jaws.
The effect of immersion cleansers on gloss, colour and sorption of acetal denture base material
Authors: Polyzois Gregory , Niarchou Artemis , Ntala Polyxeni , Pantopoulos Antonis , Frangou Mary 
Published: March 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00657.x

The effect of immersion cleansers on gloss, colour and sorption of acetal denture base material
Objective:  To study the effect of peroxide and hypochlorite cleansers on gloss, colour and sorption of acetal denture resins.Materials and methods:  Pink acetal and thermoplastic acrylic resins were evaluated. Thirty‐five specimens 39 × 39 × 1.8 mm of each resin were prepared. Each group of specimens (n = 7) was then immersed into cleansers for 100 days. Group I immersed in tap water, Group II in Corega Extradent for 5 min, Group III in Corega Extradent for 8 h, Group IV in NitrAdine™ Seniors for 15 min and Group V in NaOCl 5.25%. Gloss, colour and weight measurements were taken initially and after 100 days. Data subjected to two‐way anova and Tukey’s test at α = 0.05.Results:  Acrylic resin showed reductions of glossiness from −5 to −15 and acetal from −0.2 to −6. Colour changes (ΔΕ*) ranged from 2.64 to 7.64 for acrylic and 2.77 to 26.54 for acetal resin. Sorption for acrylic ranged from 11.64 to 17.06 μg/mm3 and 9.18 to 24.79 μg/mm3 for acetal resin. The results of (ΔΕ*) and sorption showed an interaction between denture resins and cleansers.Conclusions:  The gloss of acetal resin was less affected by water, peroxides and NaOCl 5.25% compared with acrylic resin. Acetal resin showed clinically acceptable (ΔΕ*) whereas acrylic resin unacceptable ones for water and peroxide solutions. The immersion of acetal resin in NaOCl 5.25% showed clinically unacceptable (ΔΕ*) and higher sorption and should be avoided or should be managed with care.
Licofelone Inhibits Interleukin‐18‐Induced Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Cellular Proliferation in Human Mesangial Cells
Authors: Wu Yuan‐Jun , Xue Mei , Chen Hui 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLicofelone, a novel dual anti‐inflammatory drug that inhibits 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX), has recently been defined to have therapeutic effects in osteoarthritis. Both 5‐LOX and COX play functional roles in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in children as well. Interleukin‐18 is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine. It remains unclear whether licofelone can ameliorate inflammatory response of human mesangial cells (HMC) exposed to interleukin‐18. In this study, HMC were cultured and exposed to interleukin‐18 with or without pre‐treatment of licofelone. COX‐2 and 5‐LOX enzyme activities in mesangial cells were determined with chromometry or high‐performance liquid chromatography. Prostaglandin E2, cysteinyl leukotriene, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and interferon‐γ concentrations in culture medium were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting was employed to detect phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinases ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2 in HMC. It was found that licofelone attenuated interleukin‐18‐induced COX‐2 enzyme activity in HMC and prostaglandin E2 release in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, licofelone inhibited interleukin‐18‐induced 5‐LOX enzyme activity and leukotriene release. Licofelone reduced interleukin‐18‐induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen–activated protein kinase and suppressed monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and interferon‐γ synthesis. Moreover, licofelone inhibited IL‐18‐induced proliferation of mesangial cells. We conclude that licofelone inhibits interleukin‐18‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine release and cellular proliferation in HMC, which may represent a really interesting therapeutic approach for glomerulonephritis in children.
Juvenile ossifying fibroma of mandible – a case report
Authors: Sharma S. , Majumder K. , Gupta D.S. , Tandon P N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractJuvenile ossifying fibroma is a benign lesion with aggressive local growth. It is similar to an ossifying fibroma, although it is more aggressive and of earlier onset. The tumour mainly occurs in juveniles, majority of the patients being 15 years or younger. Radiologically as well as at surgery, the lesion is well demarcated from its surroundings. In this article, we report a case of juvenile ossifying fibroma of mandibular anterior region extending from canine to canine region with expansion of both buccal and lingual cortical plates with a history of 6 month duration in an 8‐year‐old girl. The treatment was complete enucleation of the tumour mass and curettage of the bony cavity with primary closure. The patient is on regular follow‐up of 2 years with no recurrence.
Evaluation of Fbxw7 expression and its correlation with the expression of c‐Myc, cyclin E and p53 in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tu Kangsheng , Zheng Xin , Zan Xianfeng , Han Shaoshan , Yao Yingmin , Liu Qingguang 
Published: March 2012

Aim:  F‐box and WD repeat domain‐containing 7 (Fbxw7) is a cell cycle regulatory gene that targets for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation various cell cycle regulators such as c‐Myc and cyclin E. Defects in the Fbxw7 gene that lead to cell cycle re‐entry and expedite the G1‐S transition is thought to be one of the causes of cancer development. However, its expression and clinical importance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remains undetermined. This prompted us to investigate its expression level in HCC patients to establish its clinical significance.Methods:  Sixty surgically resected paired HCC and normal tumor‐adjacent tissues were freshly collected. Fbxw7 expression at both mRNA and protein level was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of c‐Myc, cyclin E and p53 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry to identify correlations with Fbxw7.Results:  The mRNA and protein expression of Fbxw7 was significantly downregulated in the HCC tumor tissues compared to the normal tumor‐adjacent tissues (P < 0.01, respectively). Fbxw7 protein was expressed at significantly lower levels in patients with high histological grade and advanced tumor–node–metastasis stage. In HCC tissues, Fbxw7 protein expression was negatively correlated with c‐Myc, cyclin E and p53 (r = −0.459, P < 0.05; r = −0.573, P < 0.001; r = −0.579, P < 0.05, respectively).Conclusion:  In HCC, reduced Fbxw7 expression closely correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and may have prognostic potential through the enhanced function of cell cycle regulatory proteins.
Bias in estimating animal travel distance: the effect of sampling frequency
Authors: Marcus Rowcliffe J. , Carbone Chris , Kays Roland , Kranstauber Bart , Jansen Patrick A. 
Published: March 2012

Summary1. The distance travelled by animals is an important ecological variable that links behaviour, energetics and demography. It is usually measured by summing straight‐line distances between intermittently sampled locations along continuous animal movement paths. The extent to which this approach underestimates travel distance remains a rarely addressed and unsolved problem, largely because true movement paths are rarely, if ever, available for comparison. Here, we use simulated movement paths parameterized with empirical movement data to study how estimates of distance travelled are affected by sampling frequency.2. We used a novel method to obtain fine‐scale characteristics of animal movement from camera trap videos for a set of tropical forest mammals and used these characteristics to generate detailed movement paths. We then sampled these paths at different frequencies, simulating telemetry studies, and quantified the accuracy of sampled travel distance estimation.3. For our focal species, typical telemetry studies would underestimate distances travelled by 67–93%, and extremely high sampling frequencies (several fixes per minute) would be required to get tolerably accurate estimates. The form of the relationship between tortuosity, sample frequency, and distance travelled was such that absolute distance cannot accurately be estimated by the infrequent samples used in typical tracking studies.4. We conclude that the underestimation of distance travelled is a serious but underappreciated problem. Currently, there is no reliable, widely applicable method to obtain approximately unbiased estimates of distance travelled by animals. Further research on this problem is needed.
Idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in a Dutch Warmblood gelding
Authors: Loibl J. , Thaller D. , van den Hoven R. , Schwarz B. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryAn increased content of eosinophils in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and eosinophilic infiltration of brain tissue are observed in eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (EME). After exclusion of various infectious diseases and further known causes of EME in other species, the diagnosis idiopathic EME was made at necropsy in the case reported here. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of idiopathic EME in a horse similar to the disorder occurring in dogs.
Resistance of equine tibiae and radii to side impact loads
Authors: Piskoty G. , Jäggin S. , Michel S. A. , Weisse B. , Terrasi G. P. , Fürst A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study: There are no detailed studies describing the resistance of equine tibiae and radii to side impact loads, such as a horse kick and a better understanding of the general long bone impact behavioural model is required.Objectives: To quantify the typical impact energy required to fracture or fissure an equine long bone, as well as to determine the range and time course of the impact force under conditions similar to that of a horse kick.Methods: Seventy‐two equine tibiae and radii were investigated using a drop impact tester. The prepared bones were preloaded with an axial force of 2.5 kN and were then hit in the middle of the medial side. The impact velocity of the metal impactor, weighting 2 kg, was varied within the range of 6–11 m/s. The impact process was captured with a high‐speed camera from the craniomedial side of the bone. The videos were used both for slow‐motion observation of the process and for quantifying physical parameters, such as peak force via offline video tracking and subsequent numerical derivation of the ‘position vs. time’ function for the impactor.Results: The macroscopic appearance of the resultant bone injuries was found to be similar to those produced by authentic horse kicks, indicating a successful simulation of the real load case. The impact behaviours of tibiae and radii do not differ considerably in terms of the investigated general characteristics. Peak force occurred between 0.15–0.30 ms after the start of the impact. The maximum contact force correlated with the 1.45‐power of the impact velocity if no fracture occurred (Fmax≅ 0.926 ·vi1.45). Peak force scatter was considerably larger within the fractured sub‐group compared with fissured bones. The peak force for fracture tended to lie below the aforementioned function, within the range of Fmax= 11–23 kN (‘fracture load’). The impact energy required to fracture a bone varied from 40–90 J.Conclusions: The video‐based measuring method allowed quantifying of the most relevant physical parameters, such as contact force and energy balance.Potential relevance: The results obtained should help with the development of bone implants and guards, supporting theoretical studies, and in the evaluation of bone injuries.
A Lie-theoretic interpretation of multivariate hypergeometric polynomials
Authors: Iliev Plamen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn 1971, Griffiths used a generating function to define polynomials in d variables orthogonal with respect to the multinomial distribution. The polynomials possess a duality between the discrete variables and the degree indices. In 2004, Mizukawa and Tanaka related these polynomials to character algebras and the Gelfand hypergeometric series. Using this approach, they clarified the duality and obtained a new proof of the orthogonality. In the present paper, we interpret these polynomials within the context of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak {sl}_{d+1}(\mathbb {C})$. Our approach yields yet another proof of the orthogonality. It also shows that the polynomials satisfy d independent recurrence relations each involving d2+d+1 terms. This, combined with the duality, establishes their bispectrality. We illustrate our results with several explicit examples.
Non-normal abelian covers
Authors: Alexeev Valery , Pardini Rita 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn abelian cover is a finite morphism X→Y of varieties which is the quotient map for a generically faithful action of a finite abelian group G. Abelian covers with Y smooth and X normal were studied in [R. Pardini, Abelian covers of algebraic varieties, J. Reine Angew. Math. 417 (1991), 191–213; MR 1103912(92g:14012)]. Here we study the non-normal case, assuming that X and Y are S2 varieties that have at worst normal crossings outside a subset of codimension greater than or equal to two. Special attention is paid to the case of ℤr2-covers of surfaces, which is used in [V. Alexeev and R. Pardini, Explicit compactifications of moduli spaces of Campedelli and Burniat surfaces, Preprint (2009), math.AG/arXiv:0901.4431] to construct explicitly compactifications of some components of the moduli space of surfaces of general type.
The resonant component of human physiological hand tremor is altered by slow voluntary movements
Authors: Lakie Martin , Vernooij Carlijn A. , Osborne Timothy M. , Reynolds Raymond F. 
Published: March 2012

Key points
Postural physiological hand tremor has a prominent component at ∼8 Hz unlike the associated EMG. Consequently, the gain between EMG and tremor is sharply peaked at ∼8 Hz.
Deduction and a simple model using pre‐recorded EMG or random noise as an input show that the ∼8 Hz peak is a consequence of resonance.
During voluntary movement the gain peak enlarges and shifts to a lower frequency but the EMG spectrum shows no corresponding changes. This reflects muscle thixotropy. Adjustment of the muscle properties of the model reproduces the effect.
These findings suggest that the rhythm of hand tremor in posture and movement is related to muscle and limb mechanics rather than a neural oscillator.
The discovery that the gain relating EMG to acceleration is very different when static and moving has implications for the control of movement in health and disease.
Riluzole blocks human muscle acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Deflorio Cristina , Palma Eleonora , Conti Luca , Roseti Cristina , Manteca Alessia , Giacomelli Elena , Catalano Myriam , Limatola Cristina , Inghilleri Maurizio , Grassi Francesca 
Published: March 2012

Key points
Riluzole is the only drug available against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal disease characterized by death of motor neurones.
Recently it has been shown to block muscle ACh receptors (AChRs), raising concerns about possible side‐effects on neuromuscular transmission in patients.
In this work we studied the effect of riluzole on the function of muscle AChRs in vitro and on neuromuscular transmission in ALS patients.
Data indicate that riluzole is apparently safe regarding neuromuscular transmission in patients.
However, riluzole may affect the function of AChRs expressed in denervated muscle fibres of ALS patients, with biological consequences that remain to be investigated.