bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean platelet volume: comparison of three analysers towards standardization of platelet morphological phenotype
Authors: LATGER‐CANNARD V. , HOARAU M. , SALIGNAC S. , BAUMGART D. , NURDEN P. , LECOMPTE T. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryIntroduction:  The aim of this study was to show variability in the measurement of the mean platelet volume (MPV) depending on the instrument used.Methods:  This prospective analysis was carried out to measure MPV with three instruments, in 30 healthy controls and 113 hospital patients.Results:  Firstly, for values in the normal range, the values obtained with the Siemens Advia® 2120 are lower than those given by the Beckman Coulter LH750® (−0.89), which are in turn lower than those obtained with the Sysmex XE‐2100D® (−1.11), which represents a 20–25% variation in the measurement. These results emphasize the lack of universal external calibration for MPV analysis and thus make any intercentre comparison of MPV impossible unless the automated haematology analyser used is indicated. Secondly, we stress the differences in behaviour of the instruments in the presence of abnormally large platelets, i.e. an underestimate of the platelet count and the MPV may be provided because instruments using impedance technology may fail to take into account these platelets, but they rightly flag them.Conclusion:  To harmonize our procedures, we propose definitions of platelet size (normal size, macroplatelets and giant platelets) based on the coordinated interpretation of the MPV, the distribution of platelet volume and the morphological appearance.
Child and family health nurses' experiences of oral health of preschool children: a qualitative approach
Authors: Arora Amit , Bedros Dina , Bhole Sameer , Do Loc Giang , Scott Jane , Blinkhorn Anthony , Schwarz Eli 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives: The objective of this study was to explore Child and Family Health Nurses' work‐related experiences of dental disease in young children.Methods: Child and Family Health Nurses (n = 21) who recruited new mothers to an ongoing birth cohort study that began in South Western Sydney, Australia were invited to take part in a qualitative study. A semi‐structured, in‐depth interview technique was used to explore their experiences of preschool child oral health and how this affects their working lives. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a thematic analysis.Results: The nurses considered dental caries to be a significant health issue for young children and their families. They thought that the burden of dental disease in preschool children was underestimated in disadvantaged and multicultural populations. In addition, they reported that parents were often unaware of the disease process and were ignorant of the relationship between bottle feeding and dental caries. Once the parents were informed about their child's poor oral health, they had feelings of anger, despair, and guilt.Conclusions: This study highlights that oral health problems are a significant segment of the child health problems identified by nurses in their daily work. The nurses perceived the problem of dental caries to be one of a lack of parental knowledge, and families should be educated not only on “what” but also on “how” to feed their children. The primary healthcare team should work collaboratively to educate families in a culturally appropriate way.
Myiasis
Authors: Francesconi Fabio , Lupi Omar 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYMyiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. In mammals (including humans), dipterous larvae can feed on the host's living or dead tissue, liquid body substance, or ingested food and cause a broad range of infestations depending on the body location and the relationship of the larvae with the host. In this review, we deeply discuss myiasis as a worldwide infestation with different agents and with its broad scenario of clinical manifestations as well as diagnosis techniques and treatment.
COMBINING GRAPH-CUT TECHNIQUE AND ANATOMICAL KNOWLEDGE FOR AUTOMATIC SEGMENTATION OF LUNGS AFFECTED BY DIFFUSE PARENCHYMAL DISEASE IN HRCT IMAGES
Authors: MASSOPTIER LAURENT , MISRA AVISHKAR , SOWMYA ARCOT , CASCIARO SERGIO 
Published: January 2012

Accurate and automated lung segmentation in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is highly challenged by the presence of pathologies affecting lung parenchyma appearance and borders. The algorithm presented employs an anatomical model-driven approach and systematic incremental knowledge acquisition to produce coarse lung delineation, used as initialization for the graph-cut algorithm. The proposed method is evaluated on a 49 HRCT cases dataset including various lung disease patterns. The accuracy of the method is assessed using dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and shape differentiation metrics (d mean , d rms ), by comparing the outputs of automatic lung segmentations and manual ones. The proposed automatic method demonstrates high segmentation accuracy ( DSC = 96.64%, d mean = 1.75 mm, d rms = 3.27 mm) with low variation that depends on the lung disease pattern. It also presents good improvement over the initial lung segmentation (Δ DSC = 4.74%, Δd mean = -3.67 mm, Δd rms = -6.25 mm), including impressive amelioration (maximum values of Δ DSC = 58.22% and Δd mean = -78.66 mm) when the anatomy-driven algorithm reaches its limit. Segmentation evaluation shows that the method can accurately segment lungs even in the presence of disease patterns, with some limitations in the apices and bases of lungs. Therefore, the developed automatic segmentation method is a good candidate for the first stage of a computer-aided diagnosis system for diffuse lung diseases.
A MODEL TO EVALUATE STAKEHOLDER DYNAMICS DURING INNOVATION IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: POSTEMA TIM , GROEN AARD , KRABBENDAM KOOS 
Published: January 2012

The introduction of innovations in organizations with high professionalization seems to lead to mixed results in practice. It is widely known that innovation adoption success is largely dependent on user commitment and absorption of the innovation in work processes. However, the hardest task for any person interested in innovation implementation activities is how to achieve high levels of commitment and acceptance of those stakeholders that matter the most. In this article, we argue that much can be gained by having good insights in indicators of both influence and acceptance of stakeholders during innovation implementation and adoption phases; the so-called stakeholder dynamics. To gain insights in a stakeholder's potential influence and potential acceptance of the innovation during the innovation implementation project, we argue that stakeholder capacity and intentions are key characteristics. By reviewing relevant theoretical foundations relating to innovation implementation, technology acceptance and stakeholder theory, we argue that literature considering the combination of both capacity as well as intentions in an integrated evaluation model is scarce. In this article, we are presenting a synthesized model and methodology for the iterative evaluation of stakeholder dynamics during innovation implementations; the stakeholder-based innovation acceptance web (SIAW). Insights in the combination of capacity and intentions dimensions can help in focussing and matching engagement strategies. The practical model, as part of the iterative methodology, aids in visualizing and classifying stakeholders in order to determine stakeholder engagement priorities during an innovation implementation project.
Reconstructing Dead Nonhuman Animals: Motivations for Becoming a Taxidermist
Authors: Eliason Stephen L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDisplays of dead nonhuman animals are a common sight on the walls of many American homes and commercial establishments. Taxidermists are the individuals who preserve and attempt to re-create dead animals, birds, and fish so they can be displayed. Little is known about those employed in the profession, including characteristics of individuals who enter this line of work. Using a qualitative approach to data collection, this exploratory research examined motivations for becoming a taxidermist in Montana. Findings suggest that Montana taxidermists entered the profession for one of five main reasons: an interest in wildlife, a desire to mount their own trophies, a hobby that became a job, the necessity of changing jobs, and miscellaneous motivations.
The Relationship between Empathy and Personality in Undergraduate Students’ Attitudes toward Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Eckardt Erlanger Ann C. , Tsytsarev Sergei V. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The majority of research investigating beliefs toward nonhuman animals has focused on vivisection or utilized populations with clear views on animal issues (e.g., animal rights activists). Minimal research has been conducted on what personality factors influence a nonclinical or nonadjudicated population’s beliefs about the treatment of animals. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of empathy and personality traits in attitudes about the treatment of animals in 241 undergraduate students. Results indicated that those with high levels of empathy held more positive attitudes toward animals and more negative beliefs about animal cruelty than those with low levels of empathy. Some differences in participants’ specific attitudes toward animals were found. Limitations and implications for future research are reviewed.
From Blubber and Baleen to Buddha of the Deep: The Rise of the Metaphysical Whale
Authors: Zelko Frank 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHuman attitudes to various nonhuman animals have varied considerably across cultures and throughout time. While some of our responses are undoubtedly instinctive and universal—a visceral fear of large carnivores or the feeling of spontaneous warmth for creatures exhibiting high degrees of neoteny—it is clear that our attitude toward specific species is largely shaped by our innate anthropomorphism: that is, when we think about animals, we are also thinking about ourselves. There are few better examples of this than the shifting attitudes toward whales and dolphins throughout the 20th century, particularly among citizens of Western democracies. This article narrates the cultural history of this development and demonstrates how the current enchantment with whales and dolphins is primarily the result of two broad—and related—cultural developments: the modern entertainment complex, particularly cinema, television, and aquatic theme parks; and the 1960s counterculture, with its potent blend of holistic ecology, speculative neuroscience, and mysticism. The result was the creation of what we might think of as the “metaphysical whale,” a creature who has inspired the abolitionist stance toward whaling.
Nocturnal Continental Low-Level Stratus over Tropical West Africa: Observations and Possible Mechanisms Controlling Its Onset
Authors: Schrage Jon M. , Fink Andreas H. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Some spatiotemporal characteristics and possible mechanisms controlling the onset of the widespread, low-level nocturnal stratiform clouds that formed during May–October 2006 over southern tropical West Africa are investigated using cloudiness observations from surface weather stations, data from various satellite platforms, and surface-based remote sensing profiles at Nangatchori in central Benin. It is found that the continental stratus is lower than the maritime stratus over the Gulf of Guinea and persists well into the noon hours. For the study period, a clear seasonal cycle was documented, as well as a dependence on latitude with the cloudiest zone north of the coastal zone and south of approximately 9°N. It is also shown that nonprecipitating clear and cloudy nights observed at Nangatchori in central Benin often reflect clearer and cloudier than normal conditions over a wide region of southern West Africa. At Nangatchori, on average the stratus developed at 0236 UTC (about local time) with an extremely low cloud base at 172 m (above ground level) when averaged over all cloudy nights. About 2–3 h before cloudiness onset, a distinct nighttime low-level jet formed that promoted static destabilization and a low Richardson number flow underneath it. The ensuing vertical upward mixing of moisture that accumulated under the near-surface inversion after sunset caused the cloud formation. It is argued that a strong shear underneath the nighttime low-level jet is the major process for cloud formation, but the low-level static stability and the time scale of the shear-driven mixing are other potential factors.
Springtime Fire Weather in Tasmania, Australia: Two Case Studies
Authors: Fox-Hughes Paul 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
A number of severe springtime fire weather events have occurred in Tasmania, Australia, in recent years. Two such events are examined here in some detail, in an attempt to understand the mechanisms involved in the events. Both events exhibit strong winds and very low surface dewpoint temperatures. Associated 850-hPa wind–dewpoint depression conditions are extreme in both cases, and evaluation of these quantities against a scale of past occurrences may provide a useful early indicator of future severe events. Both events also feature the advection of air from drought-affected continental Australia ahead of cold fronts. This air reaches the surface in the lee of Tasmanian topography by the action of the föehn effect. In one event, there is good evidence of an intrusion of stratospheric, high potential vorticity (PV), air, supplementing the above mechanism and causing an additional peak in airmass dryness and wind speed.
‘We are all vulnerable’
Authors: Perry Barbara , Alvi Shahid 
Published: January 2012

Ironically, while scholars and policy-makers have long referred to hate crime as a ‘message crime’, the assumption that those beyond the immediate victim are likewise intimidated by the violence has gone untested. Grounded in a recent study of the community impacts of hate crime, we offer some insights into these in terrorem effects of hate crime. We present here some of our qualitative findings. Interestingly, our findings suggest that, in many ways, awareness of violence directed toward another within an identifiable target group yields strikingly similar patterns of emotional and behavioural responses among vicarious victims. They, too, note a complex syndrome of reactions, including shock, anger, fear/vulnerability, inferiority, and a sense of the normativity of violence. And, like the proximal victim, the distal victims often engage in subsequent behavioural shifts, such as changing patterns of social interaction. On a positive note, there is also some evidence that these reactions can culminate not in withdrawal, but in the potential for community mobilization.
Natural Right to Grow and Die in the Form of Wholeness: A Philosophical Interpretation of the Ontological Status of Brain-dead Children
Authors: Morioka Masahiro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, I would like to argue that brain-dead small children have a natural right not to be invaded by other people even if their organs can save the lives of other suffering patients. My basic idea is that growing human beings have the right to grow in the form of wholeness, and dying human beings also have the right to die in the form of wholeness; in other words, they have the right to be protected from outside invasion, unless they have declared their wish to abandon that right beforehand. I call this the principle of wholeness. Natural rights, which were discussed by Hobbes and Locke in the 17th century, have to be extended to include the right to grow and die in the form of wholeness in the age of scientific civilization, where peripheral human lives are being threatened by aggressive biomedicine and other advanced technologies.
‘Fair Horizons’: a person-centred, non-discriminatory model of mental healthcare delivery
Authors: Fear Chris , Scheepers Mark , Ansell Martin , Richards Rosemary , Winterbottom Paul 
Published: January 2012

Aims and methodService access is currently determined primarily by age and intellectual function and, unwittingly, is discriminatory. Our aim is to develop a novel, person-centred, non-discriminatory model of mental healthcare delivery. We sought the views of people who use services, carers, commissioners and local politicians.ResultsThe model represents a major change programme that commenced in September 2011.Clinical implicationsBy integrating specialist mental health services, with a single access point, and mapping of care to the person's needs, rather than their circumstances we hope to have developed a greatly improved and fairer service. A similar model could be adopted in other locations nationally.
Winning Hearts and Minds in Early Fifteenth-Century France: Burgundian Propaganda in Perspective
Authors: Hutchison Emily J. 
Published: January 2012

The fifteenth-century civil war between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs traces its origin back to the aggressive dispute between John, duke of Burgundy (d. 1419), and his first cousin, Louis, duke of Orléans (d. 1407), in 1405–7. Presenting himself as a champion of the people and a reformer prince, John used his popularity to acquire more control over the royal government. As a case study for analyzing the intersection of political thought and action through the mediating force of communication in premodern France, this article compares John’s propaganda strategy to that of his Orleanist/Armagnac rivals. John’s propaganda benefited from speed, initiative, and consistency, and his rhetoric simultaneously attended to the anxieties of the king’s subjects and to wider trends in political thought. Conversely, his rivals were forced into emitting defensive counterpropaganda, which failed to inspire widespread support because it centered predominantly on their personal honor.
Le commencement de la guerre civile entre les Bourguignons et les Armagnacs remonte au conflit entre Jean Sans Peur, duc de Bourgogne (d. 1419), et son cousin germain, Louis, duc d’Orléans (d. 1407). Ce premier se présentait réformateur et champion du peuple. La popularité parmi les sujets du roi qu’il a donc atteinte lui a rendu de plus en plus de puissance au conseil royal. Son succès visàvis de ses rivaux, les Armagnacs, peut être attribué à une polémique constante et pénétrante qu’il diffusait toujours avec rapidité, et qui se conformait à la fois aux théories politiques courantes et aux intérêts du peuple. En revanche, la contre-propagande de ses rivaux qui se penchait plutôt sur l’honneur personnel n’arriva pas à émouvoir le peuple. Cette étude interroge le point de convergence entre la théorie et les actes politiques au quinzième siècle à l’aide du système de communication de l’époque.
Characterization of Magnetic Transformation at Curie Temperature in Finemet-type Microwires by DSC
Authors: Kaloshkin Sergey , Churyukanova Margarita , Tcherdyntsev Victor 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTFinemet-type amorphous alloys are good soft magnetic materials due to their amorphous-nanocrystalline structure with close to zero magnetostriction. A very sensitive method for controlling relaxation and crystallization processes in such alloys is proposed. It consists in precise DSC measurements of heat capacity peak in the vicinity of the Curie temperature TC. Time-temperature dependencies of TC for microwires in comparison with ribbon shaped amorphous alloys were studied. Relaxation of atomic structure of amorphous phase during annealing was accompanied by an increase of TC. σ-shaped time dependencies are characterized by at least two relaxation processes, corresponding apparent values of activation energy were estimated. Decomposition of amorphous phase and redistribution of components between amorphous phase and growing nanocrystals affect the shape and position of the DSC peak at TC as well.Study of microwires with glass coating revealed the influence of internal stress on the shape and position of the Curie peak on DSC curve: increase of internal strain tensions leads to suppression of the TC peak.
Isolation and Characterization of Bacterial Endophytes from <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> Plant and their Plant Growth Promoting Characteristics
Authors: Patel Hardik A , Patel Rajesh K , Khristi Sunil M , Parikh Kruti , Rajendran Geetha 
Published: January 2012

The study was designed to isolate and characterize bacterial endophytes from root and stem of Lycopersicon esculentum plant which was collected form different region of Gujarat. Total 18 isolates of endophytic bacteria were selected in which, all the endophytic bacteria produced one or the other different characteristics involved in plant growth promotion. They either produced phytohormones like indole acetic acid, siderophore, protease, pectinase, organic acid showed antifungal activity, chromium tolerance and solubilized phosphate. Four of the strains among the 18 showed maximum positive results of plant growth promoting regulators (PGPR) test and among them best probable isolate was selected and thus its 16SrDNA was amplified and sequenced. Only HR7 endophyte of tomato turned out to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It’s a gram negative coccobacili, sporeforming motile bacilli and show maximum PGPR activity. The results of our present studies indicated that above strains might be endophytic and therefore, were associated with the plant growth. Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum; endophytic bacteria; PGPR; IAA; 16SrDNA DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v2i1.5679 Nepal Journal of Biotechnology Jan.2012, Vol.2(1): 37-52
Anthropologie et recherche biomédicale: le cas yanomami (Venezuela et Brésil)
Authors: Albert Bruce 
Published: January 2012

Résumé Les recherches biomédicales sans bénéfice sanitaire direct pour les communautés qu’elles étudient sont de plus en plus contestées par les représentants des peuples autochtones. Cet article présente, en premier lieu, une synthèse critique du débat qui s’est développé aux États-Unis autour du livre Darkness in El Dorado [Tierney, 2000], à propos des recherches génétiques et anthropologiques menées chez les Indiens Yanomami du Venezuela et du Brésil depuis la fin des années soixante. Il propose, ensuite, un réexamen bioéthique et ethnographique des procédures de consentement éclairé mises en œuvre dans la collecte d’échantillons sanguins auprès de ce groupe amérindien alors isolé. Il analyse, enfin, les justifications et conséquences de l’absence de telles procédures dans le cadre des recherches génomiques récentes menées à partir de l’extraction d’ADN de ces échantillons anciens, considérés comme des « échantillons anthropologiques d’archives » ( archival anthropological samples ).
Pauvreté et inégalités en Belgique
Authors: Guio Anne-Catherine , Fusco Alessio , Marlier Éric 
Published: January 2012

Résumé	Dans cet article, nous mobilisons les indicateurs sociaux agréés au niveau de l’Union européenne (UE), qui nous semblent les plus pertinents pour, d’une part, décrire de façon synthétique les performances de la Belgique en matière de lutte contre la pauvreté et diverses inégalités, et, d’autre part, comparer ces performances avec celles des autres États de l’UE. Afin d’affiner le portrait que nous dressons de ces performances belges, nous complétons cette analyse par l’examen de divers indicateurs nationaux portant sur des domaines importants non couverts par les indicateurs UE actuellement disponibles. Un portrait social des régions belges est également fourni dans les limites permises par les données disponibles.