bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Displacement of occluder after left atrial appendage closure: A case report
Authors: Lin Yan , Mao Xiaobo 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageAtrial fibrillation is closely associated with thrombotic events. In non‐valvular atrial fibrillation, 90% of thrombi are formed by the left atrial appendage. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAC) can effectively prevent the detachment of left atrial appendage thrombus during atrial fibrillation, thereby reducing the risk of long‐term disability or death caused by thromboembolic events. However, the identification and management of complications in LAAC are also very important.AbstractThe efficacy and safety of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAC) in preventing non‐valvular atrial fibrillation stroke have been confirmed by multiple randomized controlled and registered studies, and have been recommended by several guidelines for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation at high‐risk of stroke. We reported an 80‐year‐old male patient with persistent atrial fibrillation. The patient underwent left atrial appendage closure surgery due to high risk of embolism and bleeding. On the second day after surgery, echocardiography showed displacement of the left atrial appendage occluder. Immediately perform removal of left atrial appendage occlude and left atrial appendage occlusion on the same day, and the patient was discharged on the fifth day after surgery without any special circumstances. This case demonstrates the feasibility and important clinical significance of using interventional surgery to remove the left atrial appendage occluder after displacement in clinical practice.
A kinetics study of microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge and corn stalk mixture
Authors: Qu Jushen , Liu Yang , Fu Jie , Yu Hejie , Dai Jianjun , Bi Xiaotao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFast pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS), corn stalk (CS), and their mixture under both direct and indirect microwave heating was carried out in a prototype microwave thermogravimetric reactor at high heating rates, 179 and 203 K/min, respectively. It was found that the samples could be heated up rapidly by direct microwave heating, while there is a temperature lag of the sample to the heated reactor wall in indirect heating. The Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods were used to analyze the thermogravimetric data of SS, CS, and their mixture under direct microwave heating. When the FWO method was used, the average activation energies of SS, CS, and their mixture were obtained as 6.0, 18.9, and 39.8 kJ/mol, respectively. When the KAS method was used, the average activation energies of CS and mixture were 12.6 and 31.6 kJ/mol, respectively. Those values are much lower than reported under conventional heating, and likely result from the interaction of microwave irradiation and the biomass samples. The reaction kinetics of directly microwave‐heated biomass pyrolysis from this study provide essential data for modelling, scaling, and designing the microwave‐assisted in‐situ catalytic pyrolysis reactors with mixed biomass and catalyst particles.
Protocol: Reducing community violence: A systematic meta‐review of what works
Authors: Wilson David B. , Abt Thomas , Kimbrell Catherine , Johnson William 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell Collaboration systematic review. Our objective is to synthesize what is known about the effectiveness of strategies for reducing community violence, focusing on those strategies that have been subjected to a systematic review. We aim to answer the following questions in this review: what strategies to reduce community violence have been rigorously evaluated through systematic reviews; which have sufficient evidence of effectiveness, which seem promising, and which appear ineffective; and what implications for practice and policy can be drawn from this large body of research? We anticipate categorizing the results of our review similarly to the original review by Abt and Winship (2016). That is, categorizing reviews by people‐based approaches, place‐based approaches, and behavior‐based approaches. However, given that this is an updated review and we will be incorporating additional studies, we may find that an alternative or additional categorization is warranted and update our categorization accordingly. Implications for policy and practice as they relate to these categories will be discussed.
Efficacy and safety of semaglutide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity
Authors: Rehman Ayesha , Saidullah Shahab , Asad Muhammad , Gondal Umer R. , Ashraf Amna , Khan Muhammad F. , Akhtar Waheed , Mehmoodi Amin , Malik Jahanzeb 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSemaglutide, a once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, has shown promise in weight management and cardiovascular outcomes in other populations. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of semaglutide in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients with obesity.MethodsA retrospective study analyzed 318 patients with HFpEF, of which 104 received semaglutide and 214 received placebo. Primary endpoints included evaluating changes in exercise capacity and weight management.ResultsSemaglutide treatment led to significant improvements in the primary endpoints. Patients in the semaglutide group demonstrated substantial enhancements in exercise capacity, as measured by the 6‐min walk distance, compared to the placebo group (mean difference 15.1 meters, 95% CI 5.8 to 24.4, p = 0.002). Additionally, semaglutide resulted in substantial weight loss compared to placebo (mean difference −2.9%, 95% CI −4.1–−1.7, p = 0.001). Several secondary endpoints, including reductions in C‐reactive protein levels and improvements in other clinical parameters, further supported the efficacy of semaglutide. Adverse events were generally well‐tolerated, with no unexpected safety concerns.ConclusionSemaglutide demonstrated significant clinical benefits in HFpEF patients with obesity, as evidenced by improved symptoms, physical function, and weight reduction.
In‐Situ Lithium Analysis In MgLi Alloys Using Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with a Compact Chamber
Authors: Tanra Ivan , Pardede Marincan , Karnadi Indra , Hedwig Rinda , Suliyanti Maria Margaretha , Lie Zener Sukra , Ramli Muliadi , Abdulmadjid Syahrun Nur , Khumaeni Ali , Kurniawan Davy Putra , Lie Tjung Jie , Kurniawan Koo Hendrik , Kagawa Kiichiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores the feasibility of in situ Lithium (Li) analysis in Magnesium‐Lithium (MgLi) alloys using Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). It focuses on two Li emission lines: Li I 670.8 nm (resonance) and Li I 610.4 nm (non‐resonance). Comparing characteristics at atmospheric and low pressures, self‐reversal signatures are observed in both emission lines at atmospheric pressure, complicating the analysis. Challenges in suppressing self‐reversal effect using laser energy and detection window adjustments are noted. To address this, a compact chamber (80 mm×50 mm×50 mm) with adjustable pressure (using a portable vacuum pump) is developed. Lowering the pressure significantly reduces self‐reversal effect, particularly for the Li I 610.4 nm line. This makes Li I 610.4 nm more suitable for analyzing high Lithium concentrations in MgLi alloys. Using standard samples, such as LA91 (8 % Li) and LA141 (14 % Li), the study successfully obtains Li I 610.4 nm spectra with proportional Li emission intensities. Even with a commercially affordable time‐integrated charge‐coupled device (CCD) detection system, the results indicate the efficacy of this approach for in situ Li analysis in MgLi alloys.
Bayesian Optimization for Efficient Prediction of Gas Uptake in Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Chowdhury Chandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe discovery and optimization of novel nanoporous materials (NPMs) such as Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are crucial for addressing global challenges like climate change, energy security, and environmental degradation. Traditional experimental approaches for optimizing these materials are time‐consuming and resource‐intensive. This research paper presents a strategy using Bayesian optimization (BO) to efficiently navigate the complex design spaces of NPMs for gas storage applications. For a MOF dataset drawn from 19 different sources, we present a quantitative evaluation of BO using a curated set of surrogate model and acquisition function couples. In our study, we employed machine learning (ML) techniques to conduct regression analysis on many models. Following this, we identified the three ML models that exhibited the highest accuracy, which were subsequently chosen as surrogates in our investigation, including the conventional Gaussian Process (GP) model. We found that GP with expected improvement (EI) as the acquisition function but without a gamma prior which is standard in Bayesian Optimisation python library (BO Torch) outperforms other surrogate models. Additionally, it should be noted that while the machine learning model that exhibits superior performance in predicting the target variable may be considered the best choice, it may not necessarily serve as the most suitable surrogate model for BO. This observation has significant importance and warrants further investigation. This comprehensive framework accelerates the pace of materials discovery and addresses urgent needs in energy storage and environmental sustainability. It is to be noted that rather than identifying new MOFs, BO primarily enhances computational efficiency by reducing the reliance on more demanding calculations, such as those involved in Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) or Density Functional Theory (DFT).
Self‐attention convolutional neural network optimized with Remora Optimization Algorithm for energy aware resource management in Non‐orthogonal Multiple Access networks
Authors: Dani W. Vinil , Praveen K. V. , Murugesan S. , Ramshankar N. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryNon‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an efficient technology for future wireless communication systems. The resource management on NOMA networks is flattering for improving energy efficiency (EE) of systems. Therefore, self‐attention convolutional neural network (SACNN) optimized with Remora Optimization Algorithm (ROA) for energy aware resource management in NOMA network (SACNN‐ROA‐EE) is proposed in this paper for solving user allocation, channel allocation, and power allocation problems. The Matching‐Coalition approach is considered to face the user allocation issue, and the SACNN is considered to face the channel allocation and power allocation problems. SACNN does not adopt any optimization methods to determine the optimal parameters in channel allocation and power allocation. Therefore, the ROA is applied to optimize the SACNN weight parameters. The proposed technique is activated in MATLAB, and its efficacy is analyzed with under performances metrics, such as minimum user rate, sum rate, energy, and spectral performance. The proposed SACNN‐ROA‐EE attains 24.35%, 27.84%, and 38.58% better sum rate and 27.45%, 43.28%, 30.56% better EE compared with existing methods, such as EE utilizing communication deep neural network optimized with power allocation optimization (PAO‐CDNN‐EE), EE under deep transfer deterministic policy gradient along deep deterministic policy gradient approach (DPPGA‐DTDPPG‐EE), and EE utilizing deep reinforcement learning with baseline algorithms (BA‐DRL‐EE), respectively.
Origin of ferruginous coated grains in the Lower Jurassic palustrine limestones of the Pranhita–Godavari Basin, India
Authors: Datta Shantanu , Sain Arnab , Goswami Suparna , Ghosh Parthasarathi , Arenas Abad Concepción 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe formation of calcareous coated grains like ooids and oncoids have been extensively researched. In contrast, the origin and genesis of ferruginous coated grains are less clear. Radically different processes like surficial weathering, hydrothermal exhalation and microbial activity have been advocated for the source of iron and the development of coatings. Modern examples are sparse and from marine environments affected by igneous activity. This study presents the features of ferruginous coated grains found in freshwater lacustrine–palustrine deposits of the Lower Jurassic syn‐rift strata of the Pranhita–Godavari Basin, India. The coated grains occur in metre‐thick lenticular bodies of nodular limestones enclosed in black mudstones containing plant debris and sulphates (gypsum and baryte). In the nodular limestones, sand‐size coated grains, along with chert and quartz grains, float in a micritic groundmass. Angular quartz grains embedded in dark, amorphous haematite–goethite constitute the nuclei of the coated grains. Cortices comprise numerous, thin, wavy laminae of goethite with trapped detrital grains. These coated grains are typically devoid of carbonates, although the outermost part of the cortex is replaced by calcite spars to varying extent. The black mudstone‐nodular limestone association occurs in between siliciclastic lacustrine deposits (laminated red and green mudstones) below, and the palustrine limestones‐green shale association above. The palustrine limestones contain remains of aquatic organisms, evidence of desiccation, paedogenesis, microbial‐mat formation, chert, baryte and gypsum layers. A few decimetre‐scale, wedge‐shaped, flood‐derived cross‐bedded sandstones occur locally. Due to the proximity of the depositional area to the marginal fault system of the rift basin and association of the limestones containing coated grains with sub‐aerially weathered microbialites, these ferruginous coated grains are ideally poised for a comparative assessment of various hypotheses of solute supply and precipitation. Based on field, microscopic and chemical characteristics, it is possible to conclude that microbially mediated precipitation in hydrothermal (hot spring)‐influenced pools is the most probable origin for these ferruginous coated grains.
The relative importance of metabolic rate and body size to space use behavior in aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Shokri Milad , Marrocco Vanessa , Cozzoli Francesco , Vignes Fabio , Basset Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElucidating the underlying mechanisms behind variations of animal space and resource use is crucial to pinpoint relevant ecological phenomena. Organism's traits related to its energy requirements might be central in explaining behavioral variation, as the ultimate goal of a forager is to fulfill its energy requirements. However, it has remained poorly understood how energy requirements and behavioral patterns are functionally connected. Here we aimed to assess how body mass and standard metabolic rate (SMR) influence behavioral patterns in terms of cumulative space use and time spent in an experimental patchy environment, both within species and among individuals irrespective of species identity. We measured the behavioral patterns and SMR of two invertebrate species, that is, amphipod Gammarus insensibilis, and isopod Lekanesphaera monodi, individually across a range of body masses. We found that species of G. insensibilis have higher SMR level, in addition to cumulatively exploring a larger space than L. monodi. Cumulative space use scaled allometrically with body mass, and it scaled isometrically with SMR in both species. While time spent similarly in both species was characterized by negative body mass and SMR dependence, it was observed that L. monodi individuals tended to stay longer in resource patches compared to G. insensibilis individuals. Our results further showed that within species, body mass and metabolic rate explained a similar amount of variation in behavior modes. However, among individuals, regardless of species identity, SMR had stronger predictive power for behavioral modes compared to body mass. This suggests that SMR might offer a more generalized and holistic description of behavioral patterns that extend beyond species identity. Our study on the metabolic and body mass scaling of space and resource use behavior sheds light on higher‐order ecological processes such as species' competitive coexistence along the spatial and trophic dimensions.
Niche dimensions in soil oribatid mite community assembly under native and introduced tree species
Authors: Noske Johanna Elisabeth , Lu Jing‐Zhong , Schaefer Ina , Maraun Mark , Scheu Stefan , Chen Ting‐Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractForest soils are a critical component of terrestrial ecosystems and host a large number of animal decomposer species. One diverse and abundant decomposer taxon is oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida), whose species composition varies with forest type and tree species composition. We used functional traits that indicate different niche dimensions, to infer assembly processes of oribatid mite communities in monocultures and mixed forests of native and introduced tree species. We found that coexisting species differed more in the resource‐related niche dimension, i.e., reproductive mode and trophic guild, than in the morphological dimension, e.g., body length and width, sclerotization and concealability. These results suggest that both filtering and partitioning processes structure oribatid mite communities. In native European beech forests, but not in non‐native Douglas fir forests, oribatid mites were mainly structured by filtering processes acting via traits related both to environmental tolerance and to resources. Furthermore, oribatid mite trait diversity, but not phylogenetic diversity, differed significantly between monocultures and mixed forests, demonstrating that multidimensional diversity indices provide additional information on soil biodiversity. Overall, the study provides evidence that traits representing different niche dimensions need to be considered for understanding assembly processes in soil animal communities and thereby soil biodiversity.
Extending trait dispersion across trophic levels: Predator assemblages act as top‐down filters on prey communities
Authors: Gross Collin P. , Stachowicz John J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudies of community assembly typically focus on the effects of abiotic environmental filters and stabilizing competition on functional trait dispersion within single trophic levels. Predation is a well‐known driver of community diversity and composition, yet the role of functionally diverse predator communities in filtering prey community traits has received less attention. We examined functionally diverse communities of predators (fishes) and prey (epifaunal crustaceans) in eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds in two northern California estuaries to evaluate the filtering effects of predator traits on community assembly and how filters acting on predators influence their ability to mediate prey community assembly. Fish traits related to bottom orientation were correlated with more clustered epifauna communities, and epifauna were generally overdispersed while fishes were clustered, suggesting prey may be pushed to disparate areas of trait space to avoid capture by benthic sit‐and‐wait predators. We also found correlations between the trait dispersions of predator and prey communities that strengthened after accounting for the effects of habitat filters on predator dispersion, suggesting that habitat filtering effects on predator species pools may hinder their ability to affect prey community assembly. Our results present compelling observational evidence that specific predator traits have measurable impacts on the community assembly of prey, inviting experimental tests of predator trait means on community assembly and explicit comparisons of how the relative effects of habitat filters and intraguild competition on predators impact their ability to affect prey community assembly. Integrating our understanding of traits at multiple trophic levels can help us better predict the impacts of community composition on food web dynamics as regional species pools shift with climate change and anthropogenic introductions.
Homeostatic T helper 17 cell responses triggered by complex microbiota are maintained in ex vivo intestinal tissue slices
Authors: Beneke Valerie , Grieger Klaudia M. , Hartwig Christina , Müller Jan , Sohn Kai , Blaudszun André‐René , Hilger Nadja , Schaudien Dirk , Fricke Stephan , Braun Armin , Sewald Katherina , Hesse Christina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSegmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are members of the commensal intestinal microbiome. They are known to contribute to the postnatal maturation of the gut immune system, but also to augment inflammatory conditions in chronic diseases such as Crohn's disease. Living primary tissue slices are ultrathin multicellular sections of the intestine and provide a unique opportunity to analyze tissue‐specific immune responses ex vivo. This study aimed to investigate whether supplementation of the gut flora with SFB promotes T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses in primary intestinal tissue slices ex vivo. Primary tissue slices were prepared from the small intestine of healthy Taconic mice with SFB‐positive and SFB‐negative microbiomes and stimulated with anti‐CD3/CD28 or Concanavalin A. SFB‐positive and ‐negative mice exhibited distinct microbiome compositions and Th17 cell frequencies in the intestine and complex microbiota including SFB induced up to 15‐fold increase in Th17 cell‐associated mediators, serum amyloid A (SAA), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses ex vivo. This phenotype could be transmitted by co‐housing of mice. Our findings highlight that changes in the gut microbiome can be observed in primary intestinal tissue slices ex vivo. This makes the system very attractive for disease modeling and assessment of new therapies.
Square‐Planar Copper(II) complexes from a Zwitterionic Schiff‐Base N2/N2/2‐Donor Ligand: DNA Interaction and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Grau Jordi , Montpeyó David , Lorenzo Julia , Roubeau Olivier , Caubet Amparo , Gamez Patrick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new tetradentate ligand, namely 3,3′‐((1E,1′E)‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(pyridin‐2‐amine) (en2ampy) was prepared and two copper(II) complexes, viz. [Cu(en2ampy)]Cl2 (1) and [Cu(en2ampy)](NO3)2 (2), were obtained through its reaction with copper(II) chloride and copper(II) nitrate, respectively. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of the compounds showed that the metal centre was coordinated in a square‐planar fashion by a doubly deprotonated en2ampy acting as a tetradentate
/
‐donor ligand. DNA‐binding studies revealed that 1 and 2 were electrostatically binding to DNA, probably in the grooves and cytotoxicity assays showed that the complexes were clearly more efficient than cisplatin against ovarian carcinoma (A2780) cells and the cisplatin‐resistant (A2780Cis) ones.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Catalyst and Additive‐Free C(sp3)‐H Phosphorylation of Glycine Ester Derivatives
Authors: Wang Shan , Sha Xuefei , Wu Zhaotian , Su Baoyi , Zheng Shaojun , Jiang Chunhui , Lu Hongfei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe herein report a visible light induced dehydrogenative phosphonylation reaction of glycine derivatives and di‐aryl phosphine oxides. A diverse range of phosphine‐glycine derivatives were constructed under ambient condition in the absence of catalyst and additives. A plausible mechanism was also proposed.