bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The remote sensing of mental stress from the electromagnetic reflection coefficient of human skin in the sub‐THz range
Authors: Safrai Eli , Ishai Paul Ben , Caduff Andreas , Puzenko Alexander , Polsman Alexander , Agranat Aharon J. , Feldman Yuri 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecent work has demonstrated that the reflection coefficient of human skin in the frequency range from 95 to 110 GHz (W band) mirrors the temporal relaxation of stress induced by physical exercise. In this work, we extend these findings to show that in the event of a subtle trigger to stress, such as mental activity, a similar picture of response emerges. Furthermore, the findings are extended to cover not only the W band (75–110 GHz), but also the frequency band from 110 to 170 GHz (D band). We demonstrate that mental stress, induced by the Stroop effect and recorded by the galvanic skin response (GSR), can be correlated to the reflection coefficient in the aforementioned frequency bands. Intriguingly, a light physical stress caused by repeated hand gripping clearly showed an elevated stress level in the GSR signal, but was largely unnoted in the reflection coefficient in the D band. The implication of this observation requires further validation. Bioelectromagnetics 33:375–382, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The chemical formula of a magnetotactic bacterium
Authors: Naresh Mohit , Das Sayoni , Mishra Prashant , Mittal Aditya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractElucidation of the chemical logic of life is one of the grand challenges in biology, and essential to the progress of the upcoming field of synthetic biology. Treatment of microbial cells explicitly as a “chemical” species in controlled reaction (growth) environments has allowed fascinating discoveries of elemental formulae of a few species that have guided the modern views on compositions of a living cell. Application of mass and energy balances on living cells has proved to be useful in modeling of bioengineering systems, particularly in deriving optimized media compositions for growing microorganisms to maximize yields of desired bio‐derived products by regulating intra‐cellular metabolic networks. In this work, application of elemental mass balance during growth of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense in bioreactors has resulted in the discovery of the chemical formula of the magnetotactic bacterium. By developing a stoichiometric equation characterizing the formation of a magnetotactic bacterial cell, coupled with rigorous experimental measurements and robust calculations, we report the elemental formula of M. gryphiswaldense cell as ${\rm CH}_{{\rm 2}{\rm .06}} {\rm O}_{{\rm 0}{\rm .13}} {\rm N}_{{\rm 0}{\rm .28}} {\rm Fe}_{{\rm 1}{\rm .74} \times {\rm 10}^{- {\rm 3}} } $. Remarkably, we find that iron metabolism during growth of this magnetotactic bacterium is much more correlated individually with carbon and nitrogen, compared to carbon and nitrogen with each other, indicating that iron serves more as a nutrient during bacterial growth rather than just a mineral. Magnetotactic bacteria have not only invoked some interest in the field of astrobiology for the last two decades, but are also prokaryotes having the unique ability of synthesizing membrane bound intracellular organelles. Our findings on these unique prokaryotes are a strong addition to the limited repertoire, of elemental compositions of living cells, aimed at exploring the chemical logic of life. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1205–1216. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of hierarchical hybrid structures using bio‐enabled layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly
Authors: Hnilova Marketa , Karaca Banu Taktak , Park James , Jia Carol , Wilson Brandon R. , Sarikaya Mehmet , Tamerler Candan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDevelopment of versatile and flexible assembly systems for fabrication of functional hybrid nanomaterials with well‐defined hierarchical and spatial organization is of a significant importance in practical nanobiotechnology applications. Here we demonstrate a bio‐enabled self‐assembly technique for fabrication of multi‐layered protein and nanometallic assemblies utilizing a modular gold‐binding (AuBP1) fusion tag. To accomplish the bottom‐up assembly we first genetically fused the AuBP1 peptide sequence to the C′‐terminus of maltose‐binding protein (MBP) using two different linkers to produce MBP‐AuBP1 hetero‐functional constructs. Using various spectroscopic techniques, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), we verified the exceptional binding and self‐assembly characteristics of AuBP1 peptide. The AuBP1 peptide tag can direct the organization of recombinant MBP protein on various gold surfaces through an efficient control of the organic–inorganic interface at the molecular level. Furthermore using a combination of soft‐lithography, self‐assembly techniques and advanced AuBP1 peptide tag technology, we produced spatially and hierarchically controlled protein multi‐layered assemblies on gold nanoparticle arrays with high molecular packing density and pattering efficiency in simple, reproducible steps. This model system offers layer‐by‐layer assembly capability based on specific AuBP1 peptide tag and constitutes novel biological routes for biofabrication of various protein arrays, plasmon‐active nanometallic assemblies and devices with controlled organization, packing density and architecture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1120–1130. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alkoxy‐1,3,5‐triazapentadien(e/ato) Copper(II) Complexes: Template Formation and Applications for the Preparation of Pyrimidines and as Catalysts for Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Products
Authors: Kopylovich Maximilian N. , Karabach Yauhen Yu. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Figiel Paweł J. , Lasri Jamal , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTemplate combination of copper acetate (Cu(AcO)2⋅H2O) with sodium dicyanamide (NaN(C≡N)2, 2 equiv) or cyanoguanidine (N≡CNHC(=NH)NH2, 2 equiv) and an alcohol ROH (used also as solvent) leads to the neutral copper(II)–(2,4‐alkoxy‐1,3,5‐triazapentadienato) complexes [Cu{NHC(OR)NC(OR)NH}2] (R=Me (1), Et (2), nPr (3), iPr (4), CH2CH2OCH3 (5)) or cationic copper(II)–(2‐alkoxy‐4‐amino‐1,3,5‐triazapentadiene) complexes [Cu{NHC(OR)NHC(NH2)NH}2](AcO)2 (R=Me (6), Et (7), nPr (8), nBu (9), CH2CH2OCH3 (10)), respectively. Several intermediates of this reaction were isolated and a pathway was proposed. The deprotonation of 6–10 with NaOH allows their transformation to the corresponding neutral triazapentadienates [Cu{NHC(OR)NC(NH2)NH}2] 11–15. Reaction of 11, 12 or 15 with acetyl acetone (MeC(O)CH2C(O)Me) leads to liberation of the corresponding pyrimidines NC(Me)CHC(Me)NCNHC(NH)OR, whereas the same treatment of the cationic complexes 6, 7 or 10 allows the corresponding metal‐free triazapentadiene salts {NH2C(OR)NC(NH2)NH2}(OAc) to be isolated. The alkoxy‐1,3,5‐triazapentadiene/ato copper(II) complexes have been applied as efficient catalysts for the TEMPO radical‐mediated mild aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes (molar yields of aldehydes of up to 100 % with >99 % selectivity) and for the solvent‐free microwave‐assisted synthesis of ketones from secondary alcohols with tert‐butylhydroperoxide as oxidant (yields of up to 97 %, turnover numbers of up to 485 and turnover frequencies of up to 1170 h−1).
Constructing Single‐Chain Magnets by Supramolecular π–π Stacking and Spin Canting: A Case Study on Manganese(III) Corroles
Authors: Ding Mei , Wang Bingwu , Wang Zheming , Zhang Junlong , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter , Gao Song 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA single‐chain magnet (SCM) was constructed from manganese(III) 5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole complex [MnIII(tpfc)] through supramolecular π–π stacking without bridging ligands. In the crystal structures, [Mn(tpfc)] molecules crystallized from different solvents, such as methanol, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, exhibit different molecular orientations and intermolecular π–π interaction or weak Mn⋅⋅⋅O interaction to form a supramolecular one‐dimensional motif or dimer. These three complexes show very different magnetic behaviors at low temperature. Methanol solvate 1 shows obvious frequency dependence of out‐of‐phase alternating‐current magnetic susceptibility below 2 K and a magnetization hysteresis loop with a coercive field of 400 Oe at 0.5 K. It is the first example of spin‐canted supramolecular single‐chain magnet due to weak π–π stacking interaction. By fitting the susceptibility data χMT (20–300 K) of 1 with the spin Hamiltonian expression ${\overrightarrow{H}}$=−2J${{{}\mathrel{\mathop{\sum{}}\limits^{n- 1}\limits_{i=1}}{}}}$${\overrightarrow{S}}$Ai${\overrightarrow{S}}$Ai+1+D${{{}\mathrel{\mathop{\sum{}}\limits_{i}}{}}}$${\overrightarrow{S}}$iZ2, the intrachain magnetic coupling parameter transmitted by π–π interaction of −0.31 cm−1 and zero field splitting parameter D of −2.59 cm−1 are obtained. Ethyl acetate solvate 2 behaves as an antiferromagnetic chain without ordering or slow magnetic relaxation down to 0.5 K. The magnetic susceptibility data χMT (20–300 K) of 2 was fitted by assuming the spin Hamiltonian ${\overrightarrow{H}}$=−2J${{{}\mathrel{\mathop{\sum{}}\limits^{n- 1}\limits_{i=1}}{}}}$${\overrightarrow{S}}$Ai${\overrightarrow{S}}$Ai+1, and the intrachain antiferromagnetic coupling constant of −0.07 cm−1 is much weaker than that of 1. Ethanol solvate 3 with a dimer motif shows field‐induced single‐molecule magnet like behavior below 2.5 K. The exchange coupling constant J within the dimer propagated by π–π interaction is −0.14 cm−1 by fitting the susceptibility data χMT (20–300 K) with the spin Hamiltonian ${\overrightarrow{H}}$=−2J${\overrightarrow{S}}$A${\overrightarrow{S}}$B+β(${\overrightarrow{S}}$AgA+${\overrightarrow{S}}$BgB)H. The present studies open a new way to construct SCMs from anisotropic magnetic single‐ion units through weak intermolecular interactions in the absence of bridging ligands.
Synthesis of Dendritic β‐Diketones and Their Application in Copper‐Catalyzed Diaryl Ether Formation
Authors: Keller Michel , Ianchuk Mykhailo , Ladeira Sonia , Taillefer Marc , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Ouali Armelle 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPhosphorus‐based dendrimers decorated with β‐diketones were prepared and fully characterized. These macromolecules, which are the first examples of multivalent dendrimeric β‐diketones, were tested as ligands for copper in O‐arylations of 3,5‐dimethylphenol by aryl bromides. Although no dendrimer effect was observed, we were able to highlight a very efficient catalytic system that involved a monomeric β‐diketone as the ligand. The proposed conditions are very competitive in terms of catalyst and base loading as the C–O coupling can be efficiently performed by using low amounts of copper precursor (1 mol‐% instead of 5–10 mol‐%), diketone (4 mol‐% instead of 25–80 mol‐%), and base (1.2 equiv. of cesium carbonate instead of 2 or more). Moreover, the absence of the dendrimer effect is explained by the decomposition of the dendrimer under the reaction conditions, which led to the release of the peripheral diketone moieties.
Binding Survey of Ionizable Calix[4]‐1,2‐crown‐3 Nano‐baskets by Differential Pulse Voltammetry
Authors: Mokhtari Bahram , Pourabdollah Kobra 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThree nano‐baskets of p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene‐1,2‐crown‐3 were synthesized and their binding abilities towards alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as some lanthanides were studied using differential pulse voltammetry. The novelty of this study was the investigation of macrocyclic complexes by voltammetric behaviors of two acidic moieties in each scaffold. Their voltammetric behaviors were closely related to the complex formation by entrapment of cation into crown ether cavity and ion‐dipole interaction between cation and acidic moieties in calixcrowns. The results revealed that the sulfur atom in the crown ring as well as the position of crown‐3 ether in 1,2‐alternate instead of cone conformer changed the binding ability of the scaffold to more cations.
Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in human plasma by on‐capillary preconcentration with field‐amplified sample stacking
Authors: Wang Xu , Masschelein Evi , Hespel Peter , Adams Erwin , Van Schepdael Ann 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA simple method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate in human plasma has been developed using CZE with minimal sample preparation. Field‐amplified sample stacking (FASS) was used to achieve submicromolar detection by dilution of the plasma sample with deionized water. In CZE, the separation of nitrite and nitrate was achieved within 10 min without adding EOF modifier. The optimal condition was achieved with 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 9.3. The ninefold diluted plasma samples were injected hydrodynamically for 40 s into a 60 cm×75 μm id uncoated fused‐silica capillary. The separation voltage was 20 kV (negative potential) and UV detection was performed at 214 nm. The linearity curves for nitrite and nitrate were obtained by the standard addition method. The estimated LODs for nitrite and nitrate in ninefold diluted plasma sample were 0.05 and 0.07 μM, respectively. The LODs for nitrite and nitrate in original plasma samples were 0.45 and 0.63 μM. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions for both analytes were <2.6% and the recovery ranged between 92.3 and 113.3%. It was found that nitrite was more stable than nitrate in the plasma after the sample preparation. This proposed method was applied to a number of human plasma samples and the measured nitrite and nitrate concentrations in human plasma were consistent with the literature ranges.
Beyond being an evaluator: The multiplicity of roles of the internal evaluator
Authors: Volkov Boris B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe chapter explores critical roles of internal evaluators in contemporary organizational settings. The need is highlighted for an expanded, reconfigured, unorthodox set of roles and styles of work to meet the needs of the emerging learning organizations effectively. A discussion of major categories of internal evaluator roles emerged from the analysis of the evaluation literature and other sources suggests new directions for how internal evaluation is conceptualized and practiced. Systematic promoting and advancing positive change, evaluation capacity building, decision making, learning, and evaluative thinking in organizations are seen as part of the harmonized internal evaluator role. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
A Geological History of the Turkana Basin
Authors: Feibel Craig S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Turkana Basin preserves a long and detailed record of biotic evolution, cultural development, and rift valley geology in its sedimentary strata. Before the formation of the modern basin, Cretaceous fluvial systems, Paleogene lakes, and Oligo‐Miocene volcano‐sedimentary sequences left fossil‐bearing strata in the region. These deposits were in part related to an early system of rift basins that stretched from Sudan to the Indian Ocean. The present‐day basin has its origins in Pliocene tectonic developments of the modern rift, with subsidence making room for more than one kilometer of Plio‐Pleistocene strata. Much of this sequence belongs to the Omo Group, richly fossiliferous sediments associated with the ancestral Omo River and its tributaries. Modern Lake Turkana has a record stretching back more than 200 thousand years, with earlier lake phases throughout the Plio‐Pleistocene. The geologic history of the basin is one of dynamic landscapes responding to environmental influences, including tectonics, volcanic activity and climate. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Restoration of C/EBPα in dedifferentiated liposarcoma induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Wu Yuhsin V. , Okada Tomoyo , DeCarolis Penelope , Socci Nicholas , O'Connor Rachael , Geha Rula C. , Joy Somberg C. , Antonescu Cristina , Singer Samuel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWell‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) represent the most common biological group of liposarcoma, and there is a pressing need to develop targeted therapies for patients with advanced disease. To identify potential therapeutic targets, we sought to identify differences in the adipogenic pathways between DDLS, WDLS, and normal adipose tissue. In a microarray analysis of DDLS (n = 84), WDLS (n = 79), and normal fat (n = 23), C/EBPα, a transcription factor involved in cell cycle regulation and differentiation, was underexpressed in DDLS when compared to both WDLS and normal fat (15.2‐ and 27.8‐fold, respectively). In normal adipose‐derived stem cells, C/EBPα expression was strongly induced when cells were cultured in differentiation media, but in three DDLS cell lines, this induction was nearly absent. We restored C/EBPα expression in one of the cell lines (DDLS8817) by transfection of an inducible C/EBPα expression vector. Inducing C/EBPα expression reduced proliferation and caused cells to accumulate in G2/M. Under differentiation conditions, the cell proliferation was reduced further, and 66% of the DDLS cells containing the inducible C/EBPα expression vector underwent apoptosis as demonstrated by annexin V staining. These cells in differentiation conditions expressed early adipocyte‐specific mRNAs such as LPL and FABP4, but they failed to accumulate intracellular lipid droplets, a characteristic of mature adipocytes. These results demonstrate that loss of C/EBPα is an important factor in suppressing apoptosis and maintaining the dedifferentiated state in DDLS. Restoring C/EBPα may be a useful therapeutic approach for DDLS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐model, multi‐sensor estimates of global evapotranspiration: climatology, uncertainties and trends
Authors: Vinukollu Raghuveer K. , Meynadier Remi , Sheffield Justin , Wood Eric F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEstimating evapotranspiration (ET) at continental to global scales is central to understanding the partitioning of energy and water at the earth's surface and the feedbacks with the atmosphere and biosphere, especially in the context of climate change. Recent evaluations of global estimates from remote sensing, upscaled observations, land surface models and atmospheric reanalyses indicate large uncertainty across the datasets of the order of 50% of the global annual mean value. In this paper, we explore the uncertainties in global land ET estimates using three process‐based ET models and a set of remote sensing and observational based radiation and meteorological forcing datasets. Input forcings were obtained from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and Surface Radiation Budget (SRB). The three process‐based ET models are: a surface energy balance method (SEBS), a revised Penman–Monteith (PM) model, and a modified Priestley–Taylor model. Evaluations of the radiation products from ISCCP and SRB show large differences in the components of surface radiation, and temporal inconsistencies that relate to changes in satellite sensors and retrieval algorithms. In particular, step changes in the ISCCP surface temperature and humidity data lead to spurious increases in downward and upward longwave radiation that contributes to a step change in net radiation, and the ISCCP data are not used further. An ensemble of global estimates of land surface ET are generated at daily time scale and 0.5 degree spatial resolution for 1984–2007 using two SRB radiation products (SRB and SRBqc) and the three models. Uncertainty in ET from the models is much larger than the uncertainty from the radiation data. The largest uncertainties relative to the mean annual ET are in transition zones between dry and humid regions and monsoon regions. Comparisons with previous studies and an inferred estimate of ET from long‐term inferred ET indicate that the ensemble mean value is reasonable, but generally biased high globally. Long‐term changes over 1984–2007 indicate a slight increase over 1984–1998 and decline thereafter, although uncertainties in the forcing radiation data and lack of direct linkage with soil moisture limitations in the models prevents attribution of these changes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential for water salvage by removal of non‐native woody vegetation from dryland river systems
Authors: Doody Tanya M. , Nagler Pamela L. , Glenn Edward P. , Moore Georgianne W. , Morino Kiyomi , Hultine Kevin R. , Benyon Richard G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGlobally, expansion of non‐native woody vegetation across floodplains has raised concern of increased evapotranspiration (ET) water loss with consequent reduced river flows and groundwater supplies. Water salvage programs, established to meet water supply demands by removing introduced species, show little documented evidence of program effectiveness. We use two case studies in the USA and Australia to illustrate factors that contribute to water salvage feasibility for a given ecological setting. In the USA, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) has become widespread on western rivers, with water salvage programs attempted over a 50‐year period. Some studies document riparian transpiration or ET reduction after saltcedar removal, but detectable increases in river base flow are not conclusively shown. Furthermore, measurements of riparian vegetation ET in natural settings show saltcedar ET overlaps the range measured for native riparian species, thereby constraining the possibility of water salvage by replacing saltcedar with native vegetation. In Australia, introduced willows (Salix spp.) have become widespread in riparian systems in the Murray–Darling Basin. Although large‐scale removal projects have been undertaken, no attempts have been made to quantify increases in base flows. Recent studies of ET indicate that willows growing in permanently inundated stream beds have high transpiration rates, indicating water savings could be achieved from removal. In contrast, native Eucalyptus trees and willows growing on stream banks show similar ET rates with no net water salvage from replacing willows with native trees. We conclude that water salvage feasibility is highly dependent on the ecohydrological setting in which the non‐native trees occur. We provide an overview of conditions favorable to water salvage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cluster–Resonance Criterion for Al‐TM Quasicrystal Compositions
Authors: Chen Hua , Qiang Jianbing , Wang Qing , Wang Yingmin , Dong Chuang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCompositions of binary Al‐TM (TM=Cr to Ni) quasicrystals are interpreted with a unified cluster formula [icosahedron](glue)1 using the newly developed cluster–resonance model and the e/a formalism. The icosahedra are chosen from the corresponding approximants by considering large radial atomic density, high degree of isolation, and narrow distribution of the shell atoms. Icosahedral quasicrystals are expressed by an icosahedron plus one averaged icosahedron atom as the glue atom [icosahedron](icosahedron/13)1, characterized by e/a ∼1.83–1.85, while decagonal quasicrystals are expressed by an icosahedron plus one TM atom, with e/a ∼1.71–1.78. The total electrons accommodated in unit cluster formulas of different Al‐TM quasicrystals have the same value approaching 24, which implies that the cluster formulas are both chemical and electronic structural units.
Electrons in Quasicrystals
Authors: Grimm Uwe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractQuasicrystals, discovered by Dan Shechtman in 1982, provide unique materials with long‐range aperiodic order. Their electronic structure and the electronic transport in quasicrystalline alloys has been a focus of research, motivated by trying to understand the formation and stability of quasicrystals, and their pronounced transport anomalies. This brief review on the motion of electrons concentrates on one perspective of this problem. It focuses on results obtained for simple models which capture the essence of the aperiodic order, rather than on results which attempt a realistic description of quasicrystalline alloys by employing empirical interaction potentials.