bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical "near miss" highlights risk management issues surrounding ultrasound-guided and wire-localised breast resections
Authors: Leff Daniel Richard , Vincent Charles , Al-Mufti Ragheed , Cunningham Deborah , Darzi Ara , Hadjiminas Dimitri J 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
The introduction of the National Health Service (NHS) Breast Screening Programme has led to a considerable increase in the detection of impalpable breast cancer. Patients with impalpable breast cancer typically undergo oncological resection facilitated either by the insertion of guide wires placed stereo-tactically or through ultra-sound guided skin markings to delineate the extent of a lesion. The need for radiological interventions on the day of surgery adds complexity and introduces the risk that a patient may accidentally transferred to the operating room directly without the image guidance procedure.

Case report
A case is described of a patient who required a pre-operative ultrasound scan in order to localise an impalpable breast cancer but who was accidentally taken directly to the operating theatre (OR) and anaesthetised without pre-operative intervention. The radiologist was called to the OR and an on-table ultrasound was performed without further consequence.

Conclusion
It is evident that breast cancer patients undergoing image-guided resection are exposed to an additional layer of clinical risks. These risks are not offset by the World Health Organisation surgical safety checklist in its present guise. Here, we review a number of simple and inexpensive changes to the system that may improve the safety of the breast cancer patient undergoing surgery.
A novel energy-aware cluster head selection based on particle swarm optimization for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Singh Buddha , Lobiyal Daya Krishan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe wireless sensor networks have long been an attractive field to the researchers and scientists for its ease in deployment and maintenance. In this research, we focus on the maximization of network lifetime which has become a critical issue in sensor networks. Clustered organization of nodes with aggregation of data at the cluster head becomes one of the significant means to extend life expectancy of the network. This paper proposes Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach for generating energy-aware clusters by optimal selection of cluster heads. The PSO eventually reduces the cost of locating optimal position for the head nodes in a cluster. In addition, we have implemented the PSO-based approach within the cluster rather than base station, which makes it a semi-distributed method. The selection criteria of the objective function are based on the residual energy, intra-cluster distance, node degree and head count of the probable cluster heads. Furthermore, influence of the expected number of packet retransmissions along the estimated path towards the cluster head is also reflected in our proposed energy consumption model. The performance evaluation of our proposed technique is carried out with respect to the well-known cluster-based sensor network protocols, LEACH-C and PSO-C respectively. Finally, the simulation clarifies the effectiveness of our proposed work over its comparatives in terms of network lifetime, average packet transmissions, cluster head selection rounds supported by PSO and average energy consumption.
Application of aqueous extracts of coffee senna for control of mild steel corrosion in acidic environments
Authors: Akalezi Chris O , Enenebaku Conrad K , Oguzie Emeka E 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
The inhibitive effect of the aqueous extract of Coffee senna (CS) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated by weight loss measurement as well as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements.

Result
The extract was found to efficiently inhibit the corrosion process in both environments and inhibition efficiency increased with extract concentration as well as rise in temperature. Data from electrochemical measurements suggest that the extract functioned by adsorption of the organic matter on the metal/corrodent interface, inhibiting both the anodic and cathodic half reactions of the corrosion process. Adsorption of the extract organic matter was approximated by the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption behavior of selected organic constituents of the extract on the metal surface was assessed at the molecular level, in the framework of the density functional theory.

Conclusion
This study clearly shows the potentials of CS extract for control of mild steel corrosion in acidic environment.
Dental crowding
Authors: Normando David , Almeida Marco A. O. , Quintão Cátia C. A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the role of genetics and tooth wear in the etiology of dental crowding through the analysis of a split indigenous Amazon population.

Materials and Methods:
Dental crowding prevalence (n  =  117), tooth wear (n  =  117), and inbreeding coefficient (n  =  288) were compared for both villages. A biometric investigation was performed by dental cast analysis of 55 individuals with no tooth loss. Mann-Whitney statistics, independent t-tests, and Fisher exact tests were used at P &lt; .05.

Results:
A high coefficient of inbreeding was confirmed in the resultant village (F  =  0.25, P &lt; .001). Tooth wear was not significantly different (P  =  .99), while a significantly higher prevalence of dental crowding was confirmed in the original village (PR  =  6.67, P  =  0.02). Forty dental arches (n  =  20) were examined in the new group, and only one (2.5%) had a dental crowding ≥5 mm. In the original villages, we found 20 arches (28.6%) with dental crowding. No difference was observed for tooth size, while larger dental arch dimensions explained a lower level of dental crowding in the resultant village.

Conclusions:
Our findings downplay the widespread influence of tooth wear, a direct evidence of what an individual ate in the past, on dental crowding and emphasize the role of heredity, exacerbated through inbreeding, in the etiology of this malocclusion.
Posttreatment and physiologic occlusal changes comparison
Authors: Freitas Karina Maria S. , Janson Guilherme , Tompson Bryan , de Freitas Marcos Roberto , Simão Tassiana Mesquita , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Cançado Rodrigo Hermont 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare posttreatment and postretention occlusal changes with the physiologic occlusal changes caused by natural development of untreated subjects.

Materials and Methods:
The sample was divided into three groups. Group 1 comprised 97 subjects treated with four premolar extractions at a mean pretreatment (T0) age of 13.03 years, a mean posttreatment (T1, first observation) age of 15.12 years, and a mean postretention (T2, second observation) age of 20.52 years. The mean observation period (T2-T1) was 5.39 years. Group 2 comprised 58 subjects treated nonextraction at a mean pretreatment age of 12.83 years, a mean posttreatment age of 14.99 years, a mean postretention age of 20.22 years, and a mean observation period of 5.22 years. Group 3 comprised 114 untreated subjects at a mean age at T1 of 14.91 years and at T2 of 20.48 years. The mean observation period was 5.56 years. Dental casts were evaluated using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and the Little irregularity index in maxillary and mandibular arches. Changes in PAR and Little indexes were compared among the three groups by analysis of variance and Tukey tests.

Results:
Intergroup comparison showed that at T1 and T2 the treated groups presented smaller PAR and Little indexes than the untreated group. In the observation period, the treated groups showed greater increase in PAR and Little maxillary indexes than the untreated group. The extraction group showed a greater increase of the Little mandibular index than the untreated group.

Conclusions:
The treated groups showed more changes according to PAR and Little maxillary indexes than the untreated group. The posttreatment change of the mandibular anterior crowding of the treated extraction group was greater than the mandibular crowding caused by physiologic changes in the untreated group.
C1 non-integrability of a hydrogen atom in a circularly polarized microwave field
Authors: Guirao Juan , López Miguel , Vera Juan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Barrabés et al. [Physica D, 241(4), 333–349, 2012] consider the problem of the hydrogen atom interacting with a circularly polarized microwave field modeled as a planar perturbed Kepler problem. For different values of the parameter, the authors offer some numerical evidence of the non-integrability of this problem. The objective of the present work is to give an analytical proof of the C1 non-integrability of this problem for any value of the parameter using the averaging theory as a main tool.
Experimental and numerical investigation of pressure drop coefficient and static pressure difference in a tangential inlet cyclone separator
Authors: Kaya Fuat , Karagoz Irfan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the pressure drop coefficient and the static pressure difference related to the natural vortex length and to evaluate the results for gas-particle applications. CFD simulations were carried out using a numerical technique which had been verified previously. Results obtained from the numerical simulations were compared with the experimental data. Analysis of the results showed that the pressure drop coefficient decreases with the increasing inlet velocity, becoming almost constant above a certain value of the inlet velocity. The reason is that the effect of viscous forces decreases at high Reynolds numbers. The pressure drop coefficient also decreases with the increasing exit pipe diameter and decreasing exit pipe length.
Domino synthesis of novel series of 4-substituted 5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazolidin-3-one derivatives
Authors: Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash , Sardari Sara 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of 4-substituted 5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazolidin-3-one derivatives (4-substituted thiourazoles) via domino combination of thiophosgene, aliphatic or aromatic amines, and ethyl carbazate is presented.
Environmental Education Development in Malta: A Contextual Study of the Events That Have Shaped the Development of Environmental Education in Malta
Authors: Mifsud Mark 
Published: July 2012

Environmental Education Development in Malta: A Contextual Study of the Events That Have Shaped the Development of Environmental Education in MaltaThis paper discusses the historic development of environmental education in Malta and identifies environmental non-governmental organisations as the main promoters of environmental education in Malta. Environmental awareness started to increase as a response to major environmental issues on the island, but was a long affair, hindered in its development by a number of factors, including the governments' non-committal policy, the colonial mentality and the highly competitive educational system. European Union accession had a positive impact on the development mainly due to the imposed requirements. Subsequent governments have realised the importance of environmental education as an effective solution to ensure environmental sustainability. Nonetheless, as environmental education goals take a long time to be achieved, the lack of short-term achievements may be somewhat hindering its development. A context-based environmental education development model was designed to illustrate the complex relations identified in the study. The study suggests a commitment towards locally produced materials, genuine environmental non-governmental organisations and funding up of a co-ordinating centre for the promotion of environmental education at all academic levels.
Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology
Authors: Czaban J. , Wróblewska B. , Sułek A. , Podolska G. 
Published: July 2012

Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two cropping systems (intensive and integrated) on infection level of winter and spring wheat kernels by Fusarium species. Field experiments were conducted with winter wheat ‘Tonacja’ and spring wheat ‘Bombona’ during two consecutive growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009 - winter wheat, and 2008 and 2009 - spring wheat). A rainfall level in 2009 from the last decade of May to the first decade of July was 2.5-times higher than that in 2008. After the harvest, kernels were surface disinfected with 1.5% NaOCl solution for 2 min and then analysed for the infection level by different species of Fusarium. Fusaria were isolated on CZID medium and identified on the basis of macro - and micro-morphology on three media (PDA, SNA and a medium containing tannin). Our results demonstrate that the wheat grain infection by Fusarium depended mainly on a rainfall level. The intensive cropping system was more conducive to the grain infection by fusaria in comparison to the integrated one. The most frequent species were F. avenaceum in 2008, and F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. poae in 2009.
The influence of Fusarium ear infection on the maize yield and mycotoxin content (Transylvania-Romania)
Authors: Nagy E. , Haş V. , Haş I. , Suciu A. , Florian V. 
Published: July 2012

The influence of Fusarium ear infection on the maize yield and mycotoxin content (Transylvania-Romania)
Maize is the host for a large number of pathogens, which invade all of its organs from the germination until being harvest, ear and grain infection often persistent even during storage. Diseases, through their symptoms reduce significantly the quantity and the quality of yield, estimated between 7-17% but, in the favorable years for this disease, they can be much greater. Fusarium diseases reduce yield value and quality by massive accumulation of Fusarium mycelium biomass (about 85%) on grain and ears and by mycotoxin contamination such as deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FUM). In this paper are presented aspects regarding the reaction of some maize hybrids under Fusarium spp. natural and artificial infections; the effect of Fusarium ear infection on yield, grain chemical composition, and mycotoxin content; the correlation between ear rot disease degree and yield ability, starch, protein and fat content. ANOVA evidenced the significant influence of experimental factors: infection conditions with Fusarium spp., maize genotypes, and their interaction on expression of the disease degree, yield capacity, protein, starch, fat and DON content. Average yield losses ranged between 7,0-9,3% during the experimental period. The hybrids Turda Star and Turda Favorit were more resistant to Fusarium ear rot, and Turda 165 was the most susceptible one. The artificial infection of ear with Fusarium spp. determined significantly decrease of starch and fat content and increases the protein and DON content for the most part of maize hybrids. Between rot diseased kernels and DON content a positive correlation was determined.
Fusarium mycotoxins and human health
Authors: Shephard Gordon 
Published: July 2012

Fusariummycotoxins and human healthSpecies within the genusFusariumproduce a diverse range of mycotoxins, many of which have significant impacts on human health. Of the five generally recognised major mycotoxins, three (fumonisins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON)) are produced by Fusaria. Apart from DON, other trichothecenes such as T-2 toxin, have received considerable international attention due to their impact on human health. The fumonisins, which occur ubiquitously in maize and its products, have been linked to oesophageal cancer, liver cancer and neural tube defects. DON, a frequent contaminant of maize, wheat and their products, although showing no carcinogenic potential, is immunomodulatory and produces emesis and growth retardation in animals. ZON is a naturally occurring endocrine disrupting chemical. Acute exposure to these mycotoxins has in each case been linked to outbreaks of human disease - gastro-intestinal effects in the case of fumonisins and DON, and precocious pubertal changes in the case of ZON. Concern over their toxicological effects has led to risk assessments by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), which has set maximum tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of 2 μg/ kg body weight (bw) for fumonisins and 0.5 μg/kg bw for ZON. The initial TDI set for DON, namely 1 μg/kg bw has recently been updated by JECFA to include both 3 - and 15-acetylDON. Apart from the above mycotoxins, a number of other secondary metabolites (moniliformin, beauvericin and fusaproliferin) are produced by different Fusaria and their effects on human health, either alone or in combination with other mycotoxins, is largely unexplored.
Key Factors Contributing to Quality of Life for Breast Cancer Patients in Latvia: Supplementing Quantitative Surveys with Qualitative Interviews
Authors: Dzērvīte Agnese , Pranka Maruta , Lace Tana , Rungule Ritma , Miklasevics Edvins , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIntroduction.Health related quality of life is a much debated topic in medicine with much quantitative and qualitative research contributing to the understanding of how to improve the lives of patients, yet little has been published in relation to the quality of life of Latvian breast cancer patients.Aim of the Study.To gather base measurements of subjective and objective quality of life factors for breast cancer patients in Latvia and discover which key factors contribute most to quality of life of Latvian breast cancer patients at the start of treatment.Materials and Methods.This paper presents data collected from April 2010 to June 2011 at the Pauls Stradins Clinical University hospital on key factors influencing quality of life for breast cancer patients: health and physical well-being; state of surroundings and environment; social support and functionality; financial state, employment and leisure. Quantitative survey material has been supplemented with insight from qualitative in-depth interviews to better explain the objective and subjective implications for breast cancer patients’ quality of life.Results.Interviewed breast cancer patients rated their quality of life as being average or good at the beginning of treatment. Negative factors contributing to lowered quality of life were mainly linked to patient financial, social and emotional state at the first weeks of treatment and correspond to previous research done in Latvia on quality of life issues.Conclusions.Further follow-up surveys will contribute to the evaluation of breast cancer patients’ needs while undergoing treatment to further improve treatment strategies, especially if validated quality of life measurement surveys were to be implemented in Latvian hospitals.
Breast – conserving Surgery in Early – Stage Triple – Negative Breast Cancer: Is There a Higher Risk of Locoregional Recurrence?
Authors: Maksimenko Jelena , Irmejs Arvids , Trofimovics Genadijs , Miklasevics Edvins 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIntroduction.Triple- negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis and high risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR).Aim of the Study.Is to examine the impact of type of surgery on locoregional recurrence in women with early- stage invasive triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC).Materials and Methods.A total of 68 women with stage I- II (T1N0M0, T2N0M0, T1N1M0, or T2N1M0) invasive, unifocal TNBC with hitologically tumor- free surgical margins were included. Patients were stratified into two groups according to surgical treatment, breast- conserving therapy (BCT) in 36 of 68 patients versus mastectomy in 32 of 68 patients. The two common founder mutations in BRCA1 (4153delA and 5382insC) in Latvia were tested using a multiplex- specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay. Clinicopathological data and survival outcomes were analyzed.Results.There were no statistically significant differences in relation to age, stage, tumor size, histological type, tumor grade and nodal status between two groups. 24 patients (77.4%) in the mastectomy group and 27(75%) patients in the BCT group received chemotherapy, these difference was not statistically significant. 10(32.2%) of 32 patients in the mastectomy group and 34(94%) of 36 patients in the BCT group received postoperative radiation (P< 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference noted in rates of distant metastases (5 cases (16.1%) in the mastectomy group versus 4 cases (11.1%) in the BCT group; P < 0.725)). A higher proportion of patients in the BCT group experienced locoregional recurrence compared with patients in the mastectomy group (3 cases (8.3%) versus 0 case (0%), respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P< 0.241). It was found that the tumor histology, grade, age at presentation and BRCA1 mutation status were not significant predictors of local recurrence. There was no significant difference in 5- year breast cancer- related survival between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions.Patients after BCT have a higher locoregional recurrence rates compared to mastectomy, but this did not reach statistical significance. According to our study data BCT is not a contraindication in the TNBC.
Diagnosis and Management of Posttraumatic Pancreatits in Children
Authors: Zarembo Edgars , Engelis Arnis , Zviedre Astra , Petersons Aigars 
Published: July 2012

SummaryTraumas take a significant place in the etiology of children’s acute pancreatitis. Diagnostics and treatment of posttraumatic pancreatitis (PTRP) are complex. Delayed diagnosis of pancreatitis is connected with heightened morbidity and mortality. There is a remarkable difference in the tactic of treatment between adults and children because of the anatomical physiological reasons. Special attention has to be paid to children under the age of two years. The article summarizes the literature review and the experts’ conclusions from various European countries. Children who have PTRP should be concentrated in the specialized centres. It is necessary to have international cooperation of multicenters to improve the diagnostics and treatment of children PTRP.
Superficial Temporal Artery – Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass in Moyamoya Disease Treatment
Authors: Repnikovs Aleksejs , Auslands Kaspars , Vedenskijs Sergejs , Ozols Rolfs 
Published: July 2012

SummaryMoyamoya disease is the chronic cerebrovascular disease, which is characterized by progressive occlusion of the intracranial part of internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. Revascularization surgery of the ischemic hemisphere is a frequently recommended kind of treatment Moyamoya disease patients and it allows to prevent against stroke and to improve blood perfusion of the brain. We present the one case with treatment of this disease using superficial temporal artery (STA) - middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass.
Liver Damage after Breast Plastic Surgery - Clinical Case Report
Authors: Tolmane Ieva , Rozentāle Baiba , Keišs Jāzeps , Putniņš Viesturs 
Published: July 2012

Liver Damage after Breast Plastic Surgery - Clinical Case Report
Since silicone implants were introduced in the early 1960s, those have been widely used for cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Although a recent review has shown no relationship between the silicone breast implant and systemic complications, leakage of the silicone into the tissues and migration to the regional lymph nodes remains a clinical problem. This was the first case in our practice when possibly breast implant material was found in the liver tissue.