bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humor and poetry: Snapping out of it
Authors: Hecht Jennifer Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe article argues that humor and poetry are “arts of sudden knowledge,” along with art, meditation, and psychology. In arts of sudden knowledge one paradigm suddenly gives way to another. They are based on the embarrassment of narrative inventions. Sonnets are particularly associated with turns, usually in the final couplet. Jokes too have a pivot, at the punchline. We live in a moral world that exists within a world in which animals eat each other to live. The parrot is in so many jokes because it highlights the line between who talks and who gets eaten. Two parrot jokes are told in the essay, one in prose, one in poetry. Poetry and humor, like the other arts of sudden knowledge, affect people physically, and we judge poetry and humor by feel. In a discussion of taking an idea from humor to philosophy, the example of today's gym culture is discussed. Kant and Schopenhauer are both cited describing humor as a sudden realization of a mistranslation. A poem by Sarah Manguso is included, from her book
Funny poetry gets slammed: Humor as strategy in the poetry slam movement
Authors: Aptowicz Cristin O'Keefe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOver two decades ago, the Poetry Slam—a raucous poetry competition where random audience members serve as judges—was invented by a Chicago construction worker who felt driven to bring poetry back to the people. It worked, and the popularity of the poetry slam and its poets has created a passionate new generation of writers and audience members, particularly among those demographics traditionally underrepresented in poetry (youth poets, queer poets, poets of color, among others). But how has all this attention and pressure a¤ected the poetry created within the Poetry Slam? By breaking down the Poetry Slam movement into three defined waves, Aptowicz explores how the use of humor as a strategy within the Poetry Slam has evolved over these years. By focusing on specific humorous poets who have succeeded within the Poetry Slam, she shows how these poets have had an ever-changing idea of what it meant to be a slam poet, both in terms of the type of poetry and performance expected of them, as well as the type of rewards they themselves expected if they did prove successful within the Poetry Slam.
Electrical Arc Ignition Testing for Common Handheld Electrical Devices in Oxygen-Enriched Atmosphere
Authors: Sparks Kyle , Gallus Timothy , Smith Sarah 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Electrical arc ignition is a concern for materials used in low pressure oxygen-enriched environments such as inside spacecraft. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center requested that the NASA White Sands Test Facility conduct arc ignition tests to evaluate the hazard of electrical arc ignition of materials that could be in close proximity to batteries for the Constellation Program. Wire-break electrical arc tests were performed to determine the current threshold for ignition of generic cotton with a fixed voltage of 3.7 V, a common voltage for handheld electrical devices. These tests were performed in 34 % oxygen at varying pressures.
Particulate Concentrations in Ultraclean Rooms
Authors: Van Luik F. W. 
Published: September 2009

In summarizing results of measuring air-borne particulate concentration in over 15 clean or ultraclean facilities, it is evident that three major sources of particles are present: (1) those associated with the air supply, (2) those associated with the processes conducted within the room, and (3) those associated with the personnel in the room.
Each of these potential sources has specific problems which must be considered. The air supply in the cleaner facilities utilizes high efficiency impingement filters to provide low levels of concentrations (0.1 particles per cu cm) for the microscopic size particles. Those processes involving high temperatures, combustion, the utilization of gases, paper products, or abrasion must be carefully controlled. The presence of people in a clean or ultraclean room is very critical and the number and activity of the personnel can be correlated to the level of contamination in a room and, therefore, must be carefully controlled.
A more detailed analysis of these three sources of contamination is presented, including tables of typical values of air-borne particle contamination for classes of clean facilities, common processes conducted, and personnel present.
Evolution of Sex-Dependent Gene Expression in Three Recently Diverged Species of Drosophila
Authors: Jiang Zi-Feng , Machado Carlos A 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSexual dimorphism in morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits is pervasive in animals, as is the observation of strong sexual dimorphism in genomewide patterns of gene expression in the few species where this has been studied. Studies of transcriptome divergence show that most interspecific transcriptional divergence is highly sex dependent, an observation consistent with the action of sex-dependent natural selection during species divergence. However, few transcriptome evolution studies have been conducted between recently diverged species (&lt;1 MY). Here, we present analyses of sex-biased transcriptome divergence in sexually mature adults of three recently diverged species of Drosophila: Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and D. pseudoobscura bogotana. Data were collected using a custom designed Agilent oligonucleotide. Expression was detected in 12,507 genes. About 80% of the expressed genes show sex-biased expression in each species. Across species, 21% of the transcriptome shows switches between nonsex bias and sex bias, and just 0.9% of the transcriptome shows reversals of sex-biased expression. Over 80% of the expression divergence between species is due to changes in one sex only. About 15% of the expression divergence between species is due to changes in the same direction in both sexes and just 2% is due to changes in both sexes but in opposite directions. In agreement with previous studies, we observe a high level of sex-dependent transcriptome divergence and strong demasculinization of the two arms of the X chromosome in all species. However, in contrast to previous studies we find that male-biased genes do not have higher levels of expression divergence than non-sex-biased genes, and sex-biased genes show higher levels of expression divergence in the alternate sex, suggesting that sex-biased genes endure stronger selection when expressed in the alternate sex.
BMI Measurement in Schools
Authors: Nihiser Allison J. , Lee Sarah M. , Wechsler Howell , McKenna Mary , Odom Erica , Reinold Chris , Thompson Diane , Grummer-Strawn Larry 
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: School-based BMI measurement has attracted attention across the nation as a potential approach to address obesity among youth. However, little is known about its impact or effectiveness in changing obesity rates or related physical activity and dietary behaviors that influence obesity. This article describes current BMI-measurement programs and practices, research, and expert recommendations and provides guidance on implementing such an approach.
METHODS: An extensive search for scientific articles, position statements, and current state legislation related to BMI-measurement programs was conducted. A literature and policy review was written and presented to a panel of experts. This panel, comprising experts in public health, education, school counseling, school medical care, and parenting, reviewed and provided expertise on this article.
RESULTS: School-based BMI-measurement programs are conducted for surveillance or screening purposes. Thirteen states are implementing school-based BMI-measurement programs as required by legislation. Few studies exist that assess the utility of these programs in preventing increases in obesity or the effects these programs may have on weight-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youth and their families. Typically, expert organizations support school-based BMI surveillance; however, controversy exists over screening. BMI screening does not currently meet all of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ criteria for determining whether screening for specific health conditions should be implemented in schools.
CONCLUSION: Schools initiating BMI-measurement programs should adhere to safeguards to minimize potential harms and maximize benefits, establish a safe and supportive environment for students of all body sizes, and implement science-based strategies to promote physical activity and healthy eating.
Interaction of O and H Atoms with low-k SiOCH films pretreated in He plasma
Authors: Braginsky O. V. , Kovalev A. S. , Lopaev D. V. , Mankelevich Y. M. , Malykhin E. M. , Proshina O. V. , Rakhimova T. V. , Rakhimov A. T. , Vasilieva A. N. , Voloshin D. G. , Zyryanov S. M. , Baklanov Mikhail R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe effect of He plasma pretreatment on interaction of O and H atoms with SiCOH low-k materials is studied using a special experimental system designed for this purpose. The experimental system allowed separate study of the effects of He plasma, VUV light and He 21S0 metastable atoms. It is shown that the carbon depletion by oxygen atoms can be significantly reduced by He plasma pretreatment. Considerable increase of CH and CH2-CH2 groups in the surface area of low-k films is observed when the films were exposed to VUV light and metastable atoms generated by He plasma. FTIR and ellipsometry showed formation of densified surface layer. This carbon rich densified surface layer decreases damage of low-k film when it is exposed in O2 plasma. The impact of H atoms on low-K surface noticeably differs from O atoms effect. The H atoms saturate all unbounded remaining carbon bonds thereby promoting improvement of SiOCH structure.
Mechanical Scaling Trends and Methods to Improve Reliability of Packaged Interconnect Structures
Authors: Lane Michael , Roush Abigail , Callahan Stephen E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLow dielectric constant (low-k) materials are currently being incorporated into advanced microelectronic devices to improve or maintain performance. As the dielectric constant is reduced, so are its mechanical properties. These reduced properties have recently been related to chip-package interaction (CPI) failures. Significant effort has focused on eliminating CPI failures through engineering of copper crackstop structures. However, published data suggests that crackstop engineering needs to occur at each technology node to ensure CPI reliability. In this study, the focus is on repairing interfacial delaminations with chemistry specific coupling agents rather than attempting to stop them with a specially designed crackstop structure. Critical adhesion values and corrosion resistance of the repaired interfaces are compared to the original interface. The application of the repair chemistry in an integrated structure is discussed along with the potential impact on reliability.
Synthesis of Vertically Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Copper Substrates for Applications as Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: LIN WEI , Wong Chingping 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) grown on bulk copper substrate are of great importance for CNT real-life applications as thermal interface materials in microelectronic packaging. However, their reproducible synthesis has been a great challenge so far. In this study, by introducing a well-controlled conformal Al2O3 support layer on the bulk copper substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD) prior to the deposition of the iron catalyst layer, we reproducibly synthesize VACNTs of good alignment and high quality on the copper substrate, using a conventional thermal chemical vapor deposition process. The alignment and the quality are characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The roles of the conformal Al2O3 support layer are discussed. A kinetics-controlled growth mechanism is shown. This progress provides a viable VACNT commercial application for thermal management, on the basis of which, we show a recent progress on a state-of-art Si/VACNT/Cu assembling process, named “chemical anchoring”. The high quality of the VACNTs on the copper growth substrate and the covalent bonding formed between the VACNTs and the silicon mating substrate greatly reduces the thermal resistance of the VACNT-mediated thermal interface.
3D Thermal-Fluid and Stress Analysis for Single Chip SiC Power Sub-Modules
Authors: Tsao Bang-Hung , Sondergelt Katie , Lawson Jacob , Scofield James , Elston Levi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA three dimensional thermal-fluid and stress model of a single chip SiC power sub-module was generated using ANSYS in order to determine the maximum temperature and deformation under various conditions. The effects of heat flux, working fluid temperature and differential pressure on temperature and thermal stress contours were of particular concern. Steady state analysis with water as the working fluid, a simulated heat flux of 11.12×104 W/m2, an interface coupling film coefficient of either 30 or 200 W/m2-K between the cooling plate and fluid, and ambient film coefficients from 6 W/m2-K to 300 W/m2-K, predicts maximum device junction temperatures between 374 and 316 K, and corresponding deformations from .0351% to .0293%. Under the same boundary and loading conditions, but with air as the working fluid, the deformations reached .0405% to .0296%, with temperatures between 427 and 316 K. Transient analysis also showed junction temperatures in the predicted range and determined the time to reach steady state to be between 150 and 2500 seconds depending on the boundary conditions. Experiments were conducted in order to validate ANSYS results.
Thermal Transport Properties of Nanostructures Immobilized Substrates
Authors: Richardson Hugh H. , Thomas Alyssa C. , Carlson Michael T. , Govorov Alexander O. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe characterize a temperature sensor made from Erbium ions embedded in an amorphous AlGaN matrix that is accessed remotely by measuring the relative intensities from photoluminescence peaks of Er3+. We use this sensor to measure the nanoscale temperature around an optically excited single gold nanoparticle that has been immobilized on the AlGaN substrate. The maximum temperature increase measured experimentally is 8.3 K. The temperature measurement is diffraction limited by our microscope to 490 nm. This temperature corresponds theoretically to a maximum local temperature increase of 22 K. A straight-forward analysis using energy balance gives the thermal conductivity of the amorphous AlGaN substrate as 4.5 W/m-K.
New Version of Laser Device Materials for Developing Diffraction Beam Modulators; Novel Nano -periodic Structures
Authors: Choi Kyung , Shea Kenneth 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCro/CrOx-doped hybrid glasses are designed to develop novel laser device materials by inserting alkylene spacers between inorganic oxides. In TEM images, morphology of the organically modified hybrid glasses reveals highly arranged nano-periodic patterns. The nano-patterns observed from the hybrid glass based on alkylene-bridged xerogel are sustained over substantial domains and appears to arise from modified glassy lattice fringes. In electron diffraction pattern, it also shows the circled diffraction patterns arise from Cro/CrOx. In laser experiments, the hybrid glass shows a new optical property, which generates a huge acoustic wave; the diffraction efficiency (45 %) of the modified glass is higher than that of methanol (25 %); it means that the compressibility of the solid type of glass is as effective as the liquid. The hybrid glass shows a new optical property that hitherto hasn’t been found and could be useful for developing diffraction beam modulators.
HWCVD-grown Silicon Nanocrystals : A study of the effect of annealing on structures evolved with varying growth rates
Authors: Mahajan Prantik , Patil Tarkeshwar C , Chakrabarti Subhananda 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the evolution of Silicon Nanostructures with progressive annealing under different growth conditions. A structure - SixNy/a-Si/SixNy/a-Si - was grown on n-type <100> Silicon substrate using Hot Wire CVD (HWCVD) deposition technique. We report here the growth of Silicon Nanostructures by HWCVD technique with a special focus on the nature and morphology of the nanostructures with variation in growth rate and post-annealing temperature. AFM studies revealed promising results hinting at the presence of Silicon Nanostructures. With progressive annealing the morphology of the Nanostructures changed from particles to sharp pillars particularly in one of the samples elaborated in the text below. FWHM from the Confocal Raman data at room temperature was found to be 3.19 cm−1 with the a-Si peak at 520 cm−1.
Photoconductivity Dependence on the Background Oxygen Pressure in Nanostructured ZnO UV Sensor
Authors: Hullavarad Nilima V , Hullavarad Shiva S 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe present work describes the photoconductivity dependence on ZnO nanostructure UV sensor. ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by direct vapor phase (DVP) technique. ZnO nanowires are of dimensions 30-65 nm in diameter and 5 μm in length. The role of oxygen in deciding the opto-electronic properties of nanostructured ZnO UV sensors was studied.
Miniaturization of Immunoassays Using Optical Detection with Integrated Amorphous Silicon Photodiodes
Authors: Pereira Ana Teresa , Chu Virginia , Prazeres Duarte M. F. , Conde Joao P 
Published: September 2009

AbstractImmunoassays are currently the main analytical technique for quantification of a wide range of analytes of clinical, medical, biotechnological, and environmental significance with high sensitivity and specificity. Miniaturization of immunoassays is achieved using microfluidics coupled with integrated optical detection of the antibody-antigen molecular recognition reaction using thin-film amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photodiodes. The detection system used consists of an a-Si:H photodiode aligned with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel. An enzymatic reaction taking place in the microchannel yields a product which is a light-absorbent molecule and hence can be optically detected by the integrated photodiode. Specific antigen-antibody reaction was detected and distinguished from the non-specific reaction.
Screen-Grid Field Effect Transistor for sensing Bio-Molecules
Authors: Eng Kwee Guan , Fobelets Kristel , Velazquez-Perez Enrique 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA novel field effect transistor, based on the Screen Grid Field Effect Transistor concept, is proposed with an integrated Coulter Counter pore for amplification of the sensing signal. 3D TCAD simulations are performed on the use of the Coulter Counter Field Effect Transistor (CCFET) to detect the Influenza A virus. The gate of the transistor is the pore through which the bioparticles pass. This passage causes a change in the electrostatic conditions of the gate and thus changes the source-drain current, similar to ISFET operation. The structure of the CC-FET is optimised for bio-sensing and multi-particle passage through the gate hole is simulated. TCAD
results show that the CC-FET is capable of multi-particle and particle size detection.
Learners Need Purposeful and Systematic Instruction
Authors: Ross Donna , Frey Nancy 
Published: September 2009

The authors explain an instructional framework that gradually releases responsibility from teachers to learners. The article illustrates with an example of real teaching from an arts classroom, and multimedia supplements (http:www.reading.orgGeneralPublicationsJournalsJAALSupplementalContentjaalJAAL‐53‐1‐Rosssupp‐1.aspx) further demonstrate what modeling and gradual release of responsibility look like with teachers and teens.تلخيص البحث: يوفر هذا المخطوط القراء بمعلومات عن التعليم في إطار التنازل التدريجي عن المسؤولية. ويشرح المؤلفون النموذج التعليمي وثمة يضربون مثالاً لتعليم حقيقي من صف فنون.本文是关于以渐进式责任解除为理论框架的教学方法。本文作者解释这教学方法的模式，及提供一个文科课堂的真实教学示例。Cet article apporte aux lecteurs des informations sur l'enseignement dans un cadre comportant une responsabilité progressive. Les auteurs présentent leur modèle pédagogique puis apportent un exemple concret d'enseignement dans une classe d'enseignement des arts.Читатели получат информацию о методах обучения, основанных на постепенном перераспределении ответственности между учителем и учащимися – в пользу последних. Авторы объясняют учебную модель и приводят в пример работу учителя‐предметника на уроках художественного творчества и истории искусств.Este manuscrito presenta a los lectores con información sobre la enseñanza basada en el marco de liberación gradual de responsabilidad. Los autores explican el modelo de instrucción y proveen un ejemplo real en una clase de arte.
New skeletal material ofAndrewsiphiusandKutchicetus,two Eocene cetaceans from India
Authors: Thewissen J. G. M. , Bajpap Sunil 
Published: August 2009

The Eocene cetacean generaAndrewsiphiusandKutchicetusare systematically revised, their anatomy described, and their phylogenetic position analyzed. Each genus contains a single species,A. sloaniandK minimus,and both are known only from the middle Eocene of the Indian Subcontinent.AndrewsiphiusandKutchicetusdiffer in a number of respects, the most important dental difference being that P2, P3, p2, and p3 are double-rooted inAndrewsiphiusand single-rooted inKutchicetus.Lower molars are separated by diastemata inKutchicetus,but not inAndrewsiphius.Postcranially,Andrewsiphiushas caudal vertebrae that are far more robust than those ofKutchicetus.We propose the new clade Andrewsiphiinae for these two genera, based on their unique characters: the extremely slender jaw, fused mandibular symphysis, narrow palate and rostrum, and lower molars that have a low crown with three cusps lined up rostro-caudally. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that andrewsiphiines are either a subfamily of Remingtonocetidae or an independent branch on the Eocene cetacean lineage. Interpreting conservatively, we classify them as remingtonocetids. Andrewsiphiines have a long, robust, dorso-ventrally flattened tail and short limbs, suggesting that they swam using dorsoventral undulation of the tail.