bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and mtDNA phylogeography of two widespread European pond skater species (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Gerridae: Gerris Fabricius)
Authors: Damgaard Jakob 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study addresses the phylogenetic relationships within and between two widespread Palaearctic pond skater species, Gerris costae and G. thoracicus, by including new DNA sequence data from the Central Asian G. sahlbergi, traditionally assigned as a close relative of G. costae. The results support the assignment of G. costae and G. thoracicus to two individual species groups that are not closely related, but also that G. sahlbergi is nested within G. costae (including subspecies costae, fieberi and poissoni) thus suggesting a new subspecific rank as G. c. sahlbergi. A broad geographical sampling of mitochondrial DNA from populations of G. thoracicus and G. costae (incl. G. c. sahlbergi) shows that the two species are strikingly similar in terms of genetic diversity and lack of geographical substructure, thus adding further evidence for the G. costae group comprising a single, widespread species.
Enzymatic digestion – a new method for egg extraction from dry female collection specimens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Young Catherine , Hausmann Axel , Kuczkowski Sławomir , Schönitzer Klaus , Junker Marius 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEggs suitable for taxonomic study can be yielded from dry female collection specimens by enzymatic digestion of the abdomen. This method had been proposed recently by Knölke et al. (2005) for obtaining DNA for sequence analysis and maceration of tissues for the preparation of genitalia. Hence, enzymatic digestion can provide, simultaneously, three completely different data sets for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies from dry female collection specimens. We used protease K (PK) to macerate the abdomens of and to extract eggs from 67 dried female moths of 20 species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Protease concentration and duration of digestion largely determined the effectiveness of egg extraction and the quality of the eggs for examination of morphological features for taxonomic study, whilst the historical age of the specimen, humidity during storage and the individual age of females were negligible. Optimal egg extraction provided clear scanning electron micrographs of chorionic sculpturing of similar quality to those produced from fresh eggs of the same species.
A revision of the Palearctic species of the shore-fly genus Discomyza Meigen (Diptera: Ephydridae)
Authors: Zatwarnicki Tadeusz , Mathis Wayne 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe four Palearctic species of the shore-fly genus Discomyza Meigen are revised, including the description of an undescribed species. The undescribed species, D. baechlii, is found at higher elevations mainly in Austria and Switzerland (type locality: Graubünden: Ausserferrera-Cresta (1300-1670 m; 46°28'N, 9°31'E). Three species, D. baechlii, D. incurva, and D. maritima, form a monophyletic species group; the fourth species, D. maculipennis, has only been found in Japan in the Palearctic region and is undoubtedly an introduction from the Oriental region. Lectotypes are designated for: Discomyza amabilis Kertész, Discomyza pelagica Frauenfeld and Psilopa incurva Fallén.
Study of the Chinese species of Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 1844 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Authors: Zhang Yan-Zhou , Huang Da-Wei 
Published: March 2011

Twenty-two Chinese species of
Copidosoma
are studied. Two species,
C. baii
and
C. phaloniae
, are described as new to science. Thirteen species are recorded from China for the first time:
C. albipes
,
C. anceus
,
C. ancharus
,
C. aretas
,
C. boucheanum
,
C. chalconotum
,
C. flagellare
,
C. fuscisquama
,
C. peticus
,
C. serricorne
,
C. subalbicorne
,
C. terebrator
, and
C. tibiale
. Two synonymies are proposed:
C. dailinicum
(of
C. sosares
) and
C. heliothis
(of
C. primulum
). A key to species is given and photomicrographs are provided to illustrate morphological characters of the species.
A phylogenetic analysis of the dung beetle genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) based on morphological data
Authors: Price Dana 
Published: March 2011

The genus
Phanaeus
(Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) forms an important part of the dung beetle fauna in much of the Western Hemisphere. Here a phylogeny for
Phanaeus
, including 49
Phanaeus
sp., and 12 outgroup taxa, is proposed. Parsimony analysis of 67 morphological characters, and one biogeographical character produced 629 equally parsimonious trees of 276 steps.
Oxysternon
, the putative sister taxon is nested well within the subgenus
Notiophanaeus
, implying that
Oxysternon
might ultimately need to be synonymized with
Phanaeus
. Species groups of Edmonds (1994) recovered as monophyletic are
paleano
,
endymion, chalcomelas
,
tridens
,
triangularis
, and
quadridens
. An 'unscaled' equal weighting analysis yielded 57,149 equally parsimonious trees of 372 steps. The strict consensus of these trees yielded a monophyletic
Phanaeus
with the inclusion of
Oxysternon
. Bootstrap values are relatively low and some clades are unresolved.
Anischia, Perothops and the phylogeny of Elateroidea (Coleoptera: Elateriformia)
Authors: Ståhls Gunilla , Muona Jyrki , Vahtera Varpu , Teräväinen Marianna , Lawrence John 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe larvae of Anischia Fleutiaux and Perothops Laporte are described. Cladistic analyses based on adult and larval morphology, as well as CO1 sequence data, place both genera in the Eucnemidae clade within the Elateroidea (sensu stricto). The subfamily Anischiinae Fleutiaux, 1936 is placed in the family Eucnemidae in a clade containing the more derived eucnemid subfamilies (Melasinae, Eucneminae and Macraulacinae), while Perothops and Phyllocerus Lepeletier & Serville represent subfamilies basal to the remaining eucnemid taxa. The genus Afranischia Basilewsky, 1955 is synonymized with Anischia Fleutiaux, 1896, and Anischia boliviana Fleutiaux is selected as the type species of the latter. Three new species are described: Anischia bicolor (New Caledonia), Anischia kuscheli (New Caledonia) and Anischia monteithi (NE Australia), and Anischia stupenda Fleutiaux, 1897 is recorded from Australia. Anischia crassicornis Champion, 1897 is synonymized with Anischia mexicana Fleutiaux, 1896. One new combination is made, Anischia ruandana (Basilewsky, 1955).
New early griffenfly, Sinomeganeura huangheensis from the Late Carboniferous of northern China (Meganisoptera: Meganeuridae)
Authors: Ren Dong , Nel André , Prokop Jakub 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNew griffenfly Sinomeganeura huangheensis gen. n., sp. n. (Meganeuridae) is described from Upper Carboniferous (Namurian) of the Tupo Formation in northern China (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). This taxon exhibits unique structure of the wing venation pattern. It is highly interesting in reference to the Namurian age known for the occurrence of two meganeurids until present (Namurotypus Brauckmann & Zessin, 1989 and Shenzhousia Zhang & Hong, 2006) as well as the palaeogeographical position of the locality far from all sites in Laurussia. We demonstrate that meganeurids with relatively small wings already co-existed with large species in the Namurian, as for the Stephanian and the Late Permian. Thus, Sinomeganeura demonstrates that the meganeurid diversity and wing venation disparity were comparable during the Namurian and the Stephanian, suggesting that this group already had a long history in the Early Carboniferous. Odonatoptera were probably the main, if not unique predators of the flying insects during the Late Paleozoic.
MtDNA diversity and species phylogeny of western Palaearctic members of the Gerris lacustris group (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Gerridae) with implications for “DNA barcoding” of water striders
Authors: Damgaard Jakob 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe genetic diversity and phylogeny of western Palaearctic members of the Gerris lacustris group was investigated on the basis of 822 bp from the 3´end of the mitochondrial gene encoding COI obtained from 34 specimens of G. lacustris, 16 specimens of G. gibbifer, eight specimens of G. maculatus and seven specimens of G. brasili. Nine haplotypes represented G. lacustris, nine haplotypes represented G. gibbifer, six haplotypes represented G. maculatus, four haplotypes represented G. brasili, and a single haplotype was shared between G. gibbifer and G. brasili. Uncorrected p genetic distances within species averaged from 0.5% in G. gibbifer and G. brasili to 0.8 in G. lacustris and as much as 2.2 in G. maculatus. A phylogenetic analysis showed that G. gibbifer and G. brasili are not reciprocally monophyletic in their mtDNA probably due to relatively recent speciation and incomplete lineage sorting. G. maculatus was poorly supported as the sister taxon to G. gibbifer and G. brasili despite morphological similarities, and a clear division between G. maculatus populations in the eastern and western Mediterranea, may indicate different refugia during the Pleistocene glaciations. G. lacustris showed little genetic substructure except for some isolated haplotypes in Italy, Turkey and Armenia, but these are geographically overlapping with more widespread haplotypes, and probably represent more ancient diversities in these regions.
A new griffenfly genus from the Late Carboniferous of northern France (Odonatoptera: Meganeuridae)
Authors: Roques Patrick , Garrouste Romain , Nel Andre 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGallotupus oudardi, new genus and species of Meganeuridae is described from the Late Carboniferous of Northern France. Potential phylogenetic implications of two wing venation structures present in meganeurids are discussed on the basis of this new fossil. The most basal antenodal brace Ax0 could be a potential synapomorphy of the Meganeuridae with the Odonatoclada. The 'subnodus' could have been a structure related to larval tracheation in meganeurids, exapted as a part of the complex nodal structure in modern Odonata, related to flight. Lastly the shortly petiolated wing of Gallotupus is analogous to similar wing shapes of several Mesozoic, Cenozoic, and modern nodialatan lineages.
The female and immatures of Trissocladius brevipalpis Kieffer, 1908 (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Saether Ole 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe generic diagnosis for the genus Trissocladius Kieffer, 1908, is completed, emended, and corrected for all stages and both sexes. The genus is shown to form the sister group of Oliveridia Saether plus Hydrobaenus Fries and not of Zalutschia Lipina as stated previously.– The female imago of Trissocladius brevipalpis Kieffer is described and the pupae and larvae redescribed.
Aphidius eadyi n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a widely distributed parasitoid of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) in the Palearctic
Authors: Stary Petr , Hall Jack , González Dan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAphidius eadyi n. sp., a parasitoid of Acyrthosiphon pisum in the west Palearctic is described. Its distribution and interspecific relations (crossing experiments) to a related species, Aphidius smithi, are elucidated. The new species has been found to be a promising agent in biocontrol of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, whereas it does not parasitize the blue alfalfa aphid, A. kondoi.
Larval and pupal description, life cycle, and adult flight behaviour of the sponge-feeding caddisfly, Ceraclea nigronervosa (Retzius), in Central Norway (Trichoptera)
Authors: Solem John , Resh Vincent 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDescription of Ceraclea nigronervosa (Retzius) larvae and pupae based on Norwegian specimens generally agree with those from Great Britain and North America, but differ from published Russian (U.S.S.R.) descriptions, probably due to the latter's being based on mixed species rearings. At least the last four of the five larval instars feed on freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris (L.). Growth from the second instar on follows Dyar's rule with a 1.7 factor of increase. A population in the mountain stream Anfinnså, Dovre County, Norway (63°N and elevation 930-936 m) has a two cohort population with two years required for development. Greater numbers of Chironomidae, but not C. nigronervosa, occur in sponges containing the green algae Chlorella. Sponge-feeding Ceraclea may exhibit flexible life cycles.
A description of the larva and pupa of Eurycnemus crassipes (Panzer) (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Murray  , Ashe  
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe larva and pupa of Eurycnemus crassipes (Panzer) are described for the first time. Larval and pupal diagnoses are given for the genus Eurycnemus van der Wulp. — E. crassipes is found in lotic waters where they may be associated with Hydropsyche pellucidula or H. siltalai (Trichoptera). The species appears to be univoltine with main emergence between late June and beginning of September. The species is known from Europe while the genus is reported from the Holarctic Region.
Remarks on the classification of the fungivorous Tineidae with special reference to the Tinissinae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Robinson Gaden. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwenty specimens of Tinissa collected by the Danish Noona Dan Expedition (1961–62), the Royal Geographical Society Expedition to Gunung Mulu (1978) and by two individual collectors are recorded. Two new species are described: Tinissa yaloma from New Britain and T. classeyi from Borneo. A revised phylogenetic classification of Tinissa incorporating the new species is proposed. A critique is presented of Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov's classification of the Tineoidea and their alliance of the subfamilies Nemapogoninae and Scardiinae is questioned. The genital musculature of Tinissa is described. The affinities of the Tinissinae are debated and it is concluded that Tinissinae and Scardiinae form a monophyletic group, the Tinissinae being either the sister-group of the Scardiinae or forming a monophyletic group within the Scardiinae.
The European and North American species of Epicypta Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)
Authors: Chandler Peter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEpicypta is treated in the sense employed by Edwards (1925) under the name Delopsis Skuse. The species of Epicypta in the Holarctic region are discussed and keyed. Type material of Mycetophila aterrima Zett., M. selecta Walker, M. vitrea Coquillett and Epicypta pulicaria Loew has been examined and found to be conspecific. Lectotypes are designated for aterrima, vitrea and pulicaria. Mycetophila anomala Johannsen (holotype examined) is a distinct species but a new name, limnophila nom.n. is proposed as it is a homonym. Both aterrima and limnophila are Holarctic. Four other European species, scatophora (Perris), fumigata (Dziedzicki), torquata Matile and nigrobasis (Dziedzicki) (last not examined) are recognised. These six species and the Japanese ornatipennis (Okada) (not examined) belong to one species group related to Oriental and Afrotropical species. Two new species, lepida n.sp. and helvopicta n.sp., described from north America, belong to different, otherwise Neotropical, species groups. Descriptions and figures are given for all species known from the Holarctic, except nigrobasis and ornatipennis.
Doncricotopus bicaudatus n.gen., n.sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from the Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Sæther Ole 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new genus and species of Orthocladiinae, Doncricotopus bicaudatus, is described in all stages. The imago has hairy eyes and well developed pulvilli. It can be separated from Nanocladius Kieff. by means of nonprotruding eyes and by having more than two acrostichals, from Rheocricotopus Thien. & Harn. by the bare anal point proper and by having the acrostichals in the centre of scutum only. The pupa has thoracic horn and anal macrosetae as in Rheocricotopus, but other details as in Nanocladius. The larvae has a cardinal beard as in Rheocricotopus and simple S I as in Nanocladius. The similarities between Rheocricotopus and Doncricotopus are shown to be based on symplesiomorphies, those between Nanocladius and Doncricotopus on synapomorphies, with Nanocladius forming the sister genus of Doncricotopus.
Some West Palaearctic and Australian species of Idrini (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea: Scelionidae)
Authors: Huggert Lars 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe previously unknown males of Idris (I.) lamelliscutellaris Szabó and I. (I.) priesneri n.n. (fasciatus Preisner) are described. New names are also I. (C.) hickmani for flavipes Hickman and I. (C.) aterrimus for ater Hickman. New combinations are I. (C.) fasciatus (Dodd) from Ceratobaeus; I. (I.) flavipes (Dodd) from Acolus. I. (C.) lucifugax (Kieffer, 1910) n.comb., omitted by authors and also by Kieffer himself since description, is redescribed and the lectotype of I. (I.) flavicornis Förster was studied.
The Politics of Mnemonics: History in the Debate over Taiwan's Status
Authors: Phillips Steve 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWith the retreat of the Nationalist forces of Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) from mainland China to Taiwan in the late 1940s, the island seemed destined to be part of another nation divided by the Cold War—superficially similar to Germany and Korea. The Chinese Communist Party established the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the mainland, while the Nationalist Party (Guomindang) moved its government, the Republic of China (ROC), to Taiwan. It followed, then, that reconciliation between the two would unite both sides of the Taiwan Strait under one nation-state. Much has changed since those early years of the Cold War, however. The Communists have embraced capitalism, most nations have established relations with the PRC while cutting ties to the ROC, and it is difficult to discern whether the Nationalists are devoted to a Chinese or to a Taiwanese nation.1 Despite
The Son Tay Raid: An Intelligence Paradox
Authors: Maneki Sharon A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Son Tay raid in November 1970 during the Vietnam War was one of the most daring and courageous rescue attempts in history. Although it occurred more than thirty-five years ago, it remains a subject of interest and controversy. U.S. Special Forces penetrated deep into enemy territory, only twenty-three miles northwest of Hanoi, to bring home approximately fifty-five of their countrymen who were being held prisoners of war (POWs).
Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Korean War: Cautionary Tale and Hopeful Precedent
Authors: Millett Allan R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLike most real history, the Korean War left ambiguous, selective, and complex lessons for the policymakers of the Eisenhower administration. The president himself, to borrow Dean Acheson’s phrase, had been “present at the creation” of the war in 1950. He had then distanced himself from it as Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) and as a presidential candidate. He inherited the conflict—a war to be ended—as president. Yet the war never became a defining experience for Dwight D. Eisenhower, nor did it play an inordinate role in his foreign and defense policies. His geo-strategic views had developed well before 1950, most obviously during World War II. The Korean conflict, a post-colonial civil war that became an internationalized regional conflict, was not even unique enough in its own time to dominate the national security conceptualization that became “the New Look” or “the Great Equation.” It might have encouraged a “Great Evasion,” an unwillingness to deal with instability in the Middle East and Asia, but instead the Eisenhower administration coped, more or less successfully, with comparable turmoil in the Philippines, Thailand, Iran, and Lebanon. It is true that the next land war in Asia—to be avoided at all costs according to the Korean “never again” strategic gurus—awaited a change of presidents, but President Eisenhower committed an Army-Marine Corps expeditionary force to Lebanon in 1958. So much for avoiding the use of American ground forces in local wars.
Rolling Thunder and Linebacker Campaigns: The North Vietnamese View
Authors: Pribbenow Merle L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNorth Vietnam has the dubious distinction of having more combat experience against U.S. air power than any other nation in the world. Rolling Thunder, the first U.S. bombing campaign against North Vietnam (1965–68), lasted longer than U.S. air operations in Europe during World War II. When one adds the 1972 Linebacker air campaign against North Vietnam and the almost nine-year bombing campaign against the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos, only Iraq, with the air campaigns of Operations Desert Storm and Iraqi Freedom book-ending a twelve-year (1991–2003), low-intensity confrontation against U.S. aircraft over the no fly zones, faced U.S. air attacks longer. The air battles over Iraq, however, cannot be compared with the battles fought in the skies over North Vietnam. During the course of the war, more than 1,100 U.S. fixed wing aircraft were lost in combat operations.
Treaty or Travesty?: Legal Issues Surrounding the U.S.- Philippines Military Base Agreement of 1947–1992
Authors: Ma L. Eve Armentrout 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSince the end of World War II, the United States has been foremost in negotiating military bases on foreign soil, and it can be anticipated that it will do so again in the future. In general, these base agreements have had many common elements. Most have allowed the stationing of American troops on foreign soil for a very long period of time, and have involved a certain measure of extraterritoriality. Most have been concluded under conditions of stress for the host country. Often, for example, the host nation has been one that was devastated by war, and was either the recently defeated enemy or the near-prostrate victor. In many cases the host nation was relatively small, economically shaky, and newly independent, fearful of its chances of survival in an unpredictable and often hostile world; and more often than not, the former ruler or territorial administrator was the United States.
Editing Japanese Letters to the Asahi Shimbun
Authors: Gibney Frank B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEvery nation, every society has its share of historical memories. They include, most obviously, the experiences of people who lived through past events, as they recall them. Then there is the record, written down in textbooks or literary works transmitted to generations who came after these events, but relived them vicariously, trusting in the accuracy of their national historians. Often historical records are magnified—or smudged out—by popular myths. In some cases, whether because of wars, revolutions, or other political upheavals, the records for a period of history are defective or totally missing from the national memory.
Historical Memories and China”s Changing Views of East Asia
Authors: Xu Guoqi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe use (or misuse) of history for political purposes is not a Chinese specialty. Almost every country in the world does it.1 Even Americans, who are not known for their historical memories, will on occasions use historical arguments. Whenever they contemplate military intervention in a Third World country, an obsession leads them into debate whether it will become another Vietnam.2 The Japanese also use history for their political purposes, as discussed below. The list can go on. But nowhere is the use of history—both remembering and forgetting—more apparent than in current Chinese discussion about the Asia Pacific War with Japan and the status of Taiwan in the world today.