bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharps Injury Reporting Amongst Surgeons
Authors: Kerr Hui-Ling , Stewart Nicola , Pace Alistair , Elsayed Sherief 
Published: July 2009

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of sharps injury reporting amongst surgeons. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 164 surgeons completed a questionnaire on the reporting of sharps injuries, on the reasons for not reporting and their practise of universal precautions. RESULTS Out of 164 surgeons, only 25.8% had reported all their injuries, 22.5% had reported some and 51.7% had reported none. The top three reasons for not reporting their injuries included perception of low risk of transmission, not being concerned and no time. Of the respondents, 15.9% practised all three universal precautions of double-gloving, face shields and hands-free technique. CONCLUSIONS We showed that despite local trust adherence to Department of Health policy, sharps injury reporting rates are inadequate. Further investment into healthcare worker education as well as a facilitation of the process of reporting may be necessary to improve reporting rates.
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy in Children with Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders: Consensus Statement of a UK Multidisciplinary Working Party
Authors: Robb PJ , Bew S , Kubba H , Murphy N , Primhak R , Rollin A-M , Tremlett M 
Published: July 2009

During 2008, ENT-UK received a number of professional enquiries from colleagues about the management of children with upper airway obstruction and uncomplicated obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). These children with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) are usually referred to paediatricians and ENT surgeons. In some district general hospitals, (DGHs) where paediatric intensive care (PICU) facilities to ventilate children were not available, paediatrician and anaesthetist colleagues were expressing concern about children with a clinical diagnosis of OSA having routine tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy. As BAPO President, I was asked by the ENT-UK President, Professor Richard Ramsden, to investigate the issues and rapidly develop a working consensus statement to support safe but local treatment of these children. The Royal Colleges of Anaesthetists and Paediatrics and Child Health and the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists nominated expert members from both secondary and tertiary care to contribute and develop a consensus statement based on the limited evidence base available. Our terms of reference were to produce a statement that was brief, with a limited number of references, to inform decision-making at the present time. With patient safety as the first priority, the working party wished to support practice that facilitated referral to a tertiary centre of those children who could be expected, on clinical assessment alone, potentially to require PICU facilities. In contrast, the majority of children who could be safely managed in a secondary care setting should be managed closer to home in a DGH. BAPO, ENT-UK, APA, RCS-CSF and RCoA have endorsed the consensus statement; the RCPCH has no mechanism for endorsing consensus statements, but the RCPCH Clinical Effectiveness Committee reviewed the statement, concluding it was a ‘concise, accurate and helpful document’. The consensus statement is an interim working tool, based on level-five evidence. It is intended as the starting point to catalyze further development towards a fully structured, evidence-based guideline; to this end, feedback and comment are welcomed. This and the constructive feedback from APA and RCPCH will be incorporated into a future guideline proposal.
Evaluation of the viability of Posidonia oceanica transplants associated with a marina expansion
Authors: Sánchez-Lizaso Jose L. , Fernández-Torquemada Yolanda , González-Correa Jose M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
In March 2005, a preliminary Posidonia oceanica transplantation was carried out as a restoration measure prior to enlargement of a marina. Seagrass sods of approximately 1 m2 surface area and 40 cm depth (including rhizome and sediment) were cut free from the area expected to be impacted by harbor expansion. These fragments were transferred to nearby areas lacking P. oceanica, viz. in bare areas within the nearest meadows and at the same depth as the donor site (∼10 m). The present work was carried out with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of this technique through estimating the vitality of transferred plants (measured as density and cover) for comparison with plants from a nearby meadow with similar conditions. There was a high level of mortality among transplants and a considerable degradation of the shoots that remained alive at the time of the sampling. When results were expressed in terms of global density, the rate of survival of transplanted shoots decreased to 15% (50 vs. 361 shoots m-2 of meadow in transplant and control plots, respectively). These results indicate that transplant techniques for P. oceanica on a large scale are not feasible.
BRAF V600E mutation analysis increases diagnostic accuracy for papillary thyroid carcinoma in fine-needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Zatelli Maria Chiara , Trasforini Giorgio , Leoni Stefania , Frigato Gemma , Buratto Mattia , Tagliati Federico , Rossi Roberta , Cavazzini Luigi , Roti Elio , degli Uberti Ettore C 
Published: July 2009

ObjectivePapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the majority of differentiated thyroid cancers, presenting the V600E activating BRAF mutation in 29–83% of cases. The aim of our study is to analyze the influence of BRAF mutation analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in patients with suspected PTC.Design and methodsThyroid cytoaspirates from 469 nodules (size: 1.1±0.8 cm) with ultrasonographic features suspicious of malignant lesion, performed in 374 patients, were submitted to cytological evaluation and to biomolecular analysis, carried out after somatic DNA isolation, specific PCR amplification, and subsequent automated direct sequencing. All PCR fragments were also processed by specific enzyme restriction analysis.ResultsBRAF V600E mutation was found in 48 samples, 41 of which were also cytologically diagnosed as PTC, with histologic confirmation after thyroidectomy. Total thyroidectomy was perfomed also in seven patients with negative cytology but positive BRAF mutation, with histological confirmation of PTC in all. Among the 429 BRAF-negative samples, 407 had negative cytology for PTC, while 22 were diagnosed as suspected PTC and underwent total thyroidectomy with histological diagnosis of PTC in 17 and benign lesion in five. The prevalence of BRAF V600E mutation among histologically diagnosed PTC patients was 64%. Biomolecular analysis significantly increased cytology sensitivity for PTC from 77.3 to 86.7% (P<0.01).ConclusionsThese data indicate that BRAF V600E mutation analysis can significantly improve FNAB diagnostic accuracy. However, biomolecular analysis is complementary to cytology, which should always be performed.
Germline VHL gene mutations in Hungarian families with von Hippel–Lindau disease and patients with apparently sporadic unilateral pheochromocytomas
Authors: Gergics Peter , Patocs Attila , Toth Miklos , Igaz Peter , Szucs Nikolette , Liko Istvan , Fazakas Ferenc , Szabo Istvan , Kovacs Balazs , Glaz Edit , Racz Karoly 
Published: July 2009

ObjectiveVon Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary tumor syndrome caused by mutations or deletions of theVHLtumor-suppressor gene. GermlineVHLgene alterations may be also present in patients with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma (ASP), although a wide variation in mutation frequencies has been reported in different patient cohorts.DesignHerein, we report the analysis of theVHLgene in Hungarian families with VHL disease and in those with ASP.MethodsSeven families (35 members) with VHL disease and 37 unrelated patients with unilateral ASP were analyzed. Patients were clinically evaluated and theVHLgene was analyzed using direct sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and real-time PCR with SYBR Green chemistry.ResultsDisease-causing genetic abnormalities were identified in each of the seven VHL families and in 3 out of the 37 patients with ASP (one nonsense and six missense mutations, two large gene deletions and one novel 2 bp deletion). Large gene deletions and other genetic alterations resulting in truncated VHL protein were found only in families with VHL type 1, whereas missense mutations were associated mainly, although not exclusively, with VHL type 2B and type 2C.ConclusionsThe spectrum ofVHLgene abnormalities in the Hungarian population is similar to that observed in Western, Japanese, or Chinese VHL kindreds. The presence ofVHLgene mutations in 3 out of the 37 patients with ASP suggests that genetic testing is useful not only in patients with VHL disease but also in those with ASP.
Two-year Clinical Evaluation of IPS Empress II Ceramic Onlays/Inlays
Authors: Tagtekin D. A. , Özyöney G. , Yanikoglu F. 
Published: July 2009

Clinical Relevance
The two-year success rate of restorations reported in the current study demonstrates that IPS Empress II ceramics are clinically acceptable for onlay/inlay restorations on molars.
Analgesic effect of butorphanol in ponies following castration
Authors: Love E. J. , Taylor P. M. , Clark C. , Whay H. R. , Murrell J. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryReasons for performing study: In the UK butorphanol has a marketing authorisation for administration to horses for sedation in combination with detomidine, and at a higher dose (0.1 mg/kg bwt), for the alleviation of pain. There is only a limited number of clinical studies designed to examine the analgesic effects of butorphanol administration following surgery.Objective: To investigate the effect of premedication with butorphanol on post operative pain following castration under general anaesthesia in ponies.Hypothesis: Ponies receiving butorphanol would experience less pain after castration than ponies that did not receive butorphanol.Methods: A randomised, observer blinded clinical study in which 20 ponies received butorphanol and detomidine (Group B) or detomidine alone (Group C). Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam and open castration performed. Pain was assessed by one individual using a dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) 100 mm in length (0 = no pain, 100 mm the maximum possible pain for that procedure). ‘Rescue’ analgesia was administered when DIVAS >50 mm and was butorphanol i.v. On the second occasion DIVAS was >50 mm, flunixin was administered i.v. Data from the DIVAS were analysed using a Mann Whitney Test.Results: Only one animal did not require rescue analgesia after surgery (Group C). DIVAS were not significantly different between groups (P = 0.063).Conclusions and potential relevance: Castration is sufficiently painful that administration of a single preoperative dose of butorphanol does not provide adequate post operative analgesia.
Management and assessment of prognosis aftergastrocnemiusdisruption in Thoroughbred foals: 28 cases (1993–2007)
Authors: Tull T. M. , Woodie J. B. , Ruggles A. J. , Reimer J. R. , Embertson R. M. , Hopper S. A. , Bramlage L. R. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryReasons for performing study: Few studies have evaluated the athletic prognosis of foals affected bygastrocnemiusdisruption.Objective: To examine the diagnosis and management ofgastrocnemiusdisruption in Thoroughbred (TB) foals, determine short‐term survival rate and assess future racing performance. The hypothesis was that Thoroughbred foals withgastrocnemiusdisruption are able to perform as racehorses comparably to their age matched maternal siblings.Methods: The medical records of foals diagnosed withgastrocnemiusmuscle disruption were reviewed. Information on training and racing was acquired from published works and race records. Pairedttests were utilised to compare performance variables of affected racehorses to their maternal siblings in starts, earnings and earnings/start for their 2‐ and 3‐year‐old racing seasons. Fisher's exact tests were employed to determine the association between sex, limb affected, age on admission, degree of caudal reciprocal apparatus dysfunction, concurrent disease, antibiotic therapy, complications, abscess formation and likelihood of entering training or starting a race.Results: Sample size was too small to detect significant differences in performance variables between affected horses and controls. Of 28 foals, 17 (61%) presented with concomitant illness; foals without concurrent disease were more likely to achieve race training or start a race (P = 0.04); 23 (82%) were short‐term survivors defined as survival to discharge. Of these 23 survivors, 7 were aged <2 years at the time of the study. Eighty‐one percent (13/16) of the survivors that were of racing age were in training or had started a race.Conclusions: In this population, 82% of TB foals affected withgastrocnemiusdisruption were able to achieve training or start a race. Foals presenting forgastrocnemiusdisruption have a high prevalence of concurrent disease processes.Potential relevance: The assessment of athletic prognosis and treatment complications provides useful information to clinicians treatinggastrocnemiusmuscle disruption in foals and making recommendations to clientele.
Results and complications of a novel technique for primary castration with an inguinal approach in horses
Authors: Kummer M. , Gygax D. , Jackson M. , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger R. , Fürst A. 
Published: July 2009

Summary Reasons for performing study: Complications associated with equine castration can have medical and financial consequences. This retrospective study investigated a novel method of castration via an inguinal approach in mature stallions and compared the incidence of complications with other methods. Hypothesis: Castration via an inguinal approach has a low complication rate at the site of surgery compared with other castration techniques. Methods: Mature stallions (n = 238) were castrated under general anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency using an inguinal approach. The vaginal process was incised, the spermatic cord ligated twice and the testis removed. After suturing, the vaginal process and one or 2 layers of fascia, the subcutis and cutis were closed in a simple continuous pattern. Results: Five of 238 (2.1%) horses had post operative haemorrhage and a haematoma in the scrotal region, which required additional treatment. All horses made a full recovery. Five of 238 (2.1%) of the horses had a post operative respiratory infection, which resolved with antibiotic therapy. Sixteen of 238 (8.8%) had transient signs of colic shortly after surgery. Conclusion: This technique of castration with an inguinal approach had a low incidence of complications at the site of surgery compared with other methods. An inguinal approach and leaving the vaginal tunic in situ may cause less soft tissue trauma than a scrotal approach.
International Equine Ophthalmology Consortium (IEOC) Symposium
Authors: Gilger B. C. , Brooks D. E. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThis first IEOC symposium met its goals of gathering a group of leading equine ophthalmology clinicians and researchers to identify the challenges of the field. To facilitate collaboration, notes from round‐table discussions, including the ideas and plans that were discussed are being complied and will be distributed to the attendees. Development of an IEOC membership organisation and website was discussed and supported by the group in an effort further to advance the science of equine ophthalmology. To present results from the collaborations made at this first IEOC meeting, an IEOC mini‐symposium will be held at the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists Annual Meeting in Chicago Illinois, on 6th November 2009. The second annual IEOC symposium will be held in Vienna, Austria on 4th and 5th June 2010.
The Political Economy of Environmental Justice: Evidence on Global and Local Scales
Authors: Elvers Horst-Dietrich 
Published: July 2009

Phil Brown. Toxic Exposures: Contested Illnesses and the Environmental Health Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.David Naguib Pellow. Resisting Global Toxics: Transnational Movements for Environmental Justice. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007.
The selective amygdalohippocampectomy for intractable temporal limbic seizures
Authors: Yaşargil M. Gazi , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Roth Peter , Hsu Sanford P. C. , Yaşargil Dianne C. H. 
Published: July 2009

Object
The proximal (anterior) transsylvian approach through a pterional craniotomy was developed by the senior author (M.G.Y.) in 1967 for the microsurgical treatment of saccular aneurysms of the circle of Willis, frontoorbital and temporobasal arteriovenous malformations, cavernomas, and extrinsic and intrinsic tumors. The acquired positive surgical experiences on this large series enabled the senior author, in 1973, to apply this approach for the selective amygdalohippocampectomy in patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods
The proximal (anterior) transsylvian-transamygdala approach to the mesial temporal structures permits the selective two-thirds resection of the amygdala and hippocampus-parahippocampus in an anteroinferior to posteroinferior exploration axis along the base of the semicircular temporal horn. This strategy ensures preservation of the overlying neopallial temporal convolutions such as the T1, T2, T3, and T4 gyri as well as the related subcortical connective fiber systems and other essential components of the temporal white matter.
The application of rigid brain self-retaining retractor systems was strictly avoided during the entire procedure. Computer-assisted navigation was never used. On routine postoperative CT scanning and MR imaging studies, infarction was not observed in any patient. The availability of tractography technology has proven that the connective fiber system around the resected mesial temporal area remains intact.

Results
The surgical outcome and results on neoplastic and vascular lesions of the mesiobasal temporal region have been presented in Volumes II, IIIB, and IVB of Microneurosurgery. The surgical outcomes and results in 102 patients with mesial temporal seizures who underwent surgery performed by the senior author in Zürich have been previously published.
In this paper, 73 patients who underwent surgery between 1994 and September 2006 in Little Rock, Arkansas, are presented, and 13 other patients are excluded who underwent surgery after September 2006. Altogether, among 188 patients who underwent surgery, there was no surgical mortality or morbidity, and no neurological deficits, new neurocognitive dysfunction, or impairments of the preoperative incapacities.

Conclusions
The surgical outcome in terms of seizures was rewarding in the majority of patients, particularly in those who exhibited the following irregularities on preoperative investigations: regular local dysfunctions on electroencephalography, dysmorphic changes in the mesiobasal temporal parenchyma on MR imaging studies, and hypometabolism in the anterior third of the temporal lobe on PET studies.
Production of Polyclonal Antisera
Authors: Cooper Helen M. , Paterson Yvonne 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMuch of modern biology and biochemistry relies on the availability of highly specific antibodies for use in such ubiquitous techniques as immunohistochemistry, ELISAs, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting. Thus, the generation of large quantities of specific antibodies directed against proteins or peptides of interest is essential to the success of both basic and applied research programs. In addition, with the advent of antibody‐based proteomic strategies for profiling protein expression and post‐translational modification, a requirement for timely production of specific antibodies has been exemplified. Polyclonal antibodies derived from animals immunized with purified proteins or peptides are particularly valuable for use in the laboratory. This unit provides protocols for the production of polyclonal antisera specific for protein antigens using rabbits, rats, mice, and hamsters.Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 48:5.5.1‐5.5.10. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detection and Quantification of Neurotransmitters in Dialysates
Authors: Zapata Agustin , Chefer Vladimir I. , Shippenberg Toni S. , Denoroy Luc 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSensitive analytical methods are needed for the separation and quantification of neurotransmitters obtained in microdialysate studies. This unit describes methods that permit quantification of nanomolar concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites (high‐pressure liquid chromatography electrochemical detection), acetylcholine (HPLC‐coupled to an enzyme reactor), and amino acids (HPLC‐fluorescence detection; capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection).Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 48:7.4.1‐7.4.30. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simple Behavioral Assessment of Mouse Olfaction
Authors: Yang Mu , Crawley Jacqueline N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis unit presents two basic protocols that offer rapid assessments of anosmia (the absence of a sense of smell) in mice. The buried food test is used to check for the ability to smell volatile odors. The olfactory habituation/dishabituation test is used to test whether the animal can detect and differentiate different odors, including both nonsocial and social odors. A non‐contact method of odor presentation, along with a general method for collecting urine samples, is given as an alternate protocol. The tests described in this unit only require simple equipment and can be adopted readily by most laboratories.Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 48:8.24.1‐8.24.12. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessing Reproductive Status/Stages in Mice
Authors: Caligioni Claudia S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe short reproductive cycle length observed in rodents, called the estrous cycle, makes them an ideal animal model for investigation of changes that occur during the reproductive cycle. Most of the data in the literature about the estrous cycle is obtained from rats because they are easily manipulated and they exhibit a clear and well‐defined estrous cycle. However, the increased number of experiments using knockout mice requires identification of their estrous cycle as well, since (in)fertility issues may arise. In mice, like rats, the identification of the stage of estrous cycle is based on the proportion of cell types observed in the vaginal secretion. The aim of this unit is to provide guidelines for quickly and accurately determining estrous cycle phases in mice.Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 48:A.4I.1‐A.4I.8. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Metabolic Radiolabeling of Animal Cell Glycoconjugates
Authors: Diaz Sandra , Varki Ajit 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUseful information about glycoconjugates can be obtained by labeling their aglycone (noncarbohydrate) portions—e.g., labeling proteins with radioactive amino acids—and then using techniques described elsewhere in this chapter to infer the presence, type, and nature of glycan chains. This unit describes metabolic labeling techniques that provide more specific information about the structure, sequence, and distribution of the sugar chains of glycoconjugates. Following metabolic labeling, the radioactive glycoconjugate of interest is isolated, individual glycosylation sites are identified and separated if necessary, and the labeled glycans are subjected to structural analysis. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 87:17.4.1‐17.4.15. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.