bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of a combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs
Authors: Choi Hyunjun , Duarte Yesid Garavito , Pasquali Guilherme A. M. , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Xylanase and β-glucanase combination (XG) hydrolyzes soluble non-starch polysaccharides that are anti-nutritional compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of XG on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs.

Methods
Forty pigs (6.5 ± 0.4 kg) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed for 35 d in 3 phases (11, 9, and 15 d, respectively). Basal diets mainly included corn, soybean meal, and corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles, contained phytase (750 FTU/kg), and were supplemented with 5 levels of XG at (1) 0, (2) 280 TXU/kg xylanase and 125 TGU/kg β-glucanase, (3) 560 and 250, (4) 840 and 375, or (5) 1,120 and 500, respectively. Growth performance was measured. On d 35, all pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosa, jejunal digesta, jejunal tissues, and ileal digesta were collected to determine the effects of increasing XG levels and XG intake on intestinal health.

Results
Increasing XG intake tended to quadratically decrease (P = 0.059) viscosity of jejunal digesta (min: 1.74 mPa·s at 751/335 (TXU/TGU)/kg). Increasing levels of XG quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) Prevotellaceae (min: 0.6% at 630/281 (TXU/TGU)/kg) in the jejunal mucosa. Increasing XG intake quadratically increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacillaceae (max: 40.3% at 608/271 (TXU/TGU)/kg) in the jejunal mucosa. Increasing XG intake quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) Helicobacteraceae (min: 1.6% at 560/250 (TXU/TGU)/kg) in the jejunal mucosa. Increasing levels of XG tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.073) jejunal IgG and tended to quadratically increase (P = 0.085) jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio (max: 2.62 at 560/250 (TXU/TGU)/kg). Increasing XG intake tended to linearly increase the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.087) and ether extract (P = 0.065). Increasing XG intake linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain.

Conclusions
A combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase would hydrolyze the non-starch polysaccharides fractions, positively modulating the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. Increased intake of these enzyme combination possibly reduced digesta viscosity and humoral immune response in the jejunum resulting in improved intestinal structure, and ileal digestibility of nutrients, and finally improving growth of nursery pigs. The beneficial effects were maximized at a combination of 550 to 800 TXU/kg xylanase and 250 to 360 TGU/kg β-glucanase.
Laminin-associated integrins mediate Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma infiltration and therapy response within a neural assembloid model
Authors: Sinha Sauradeep , Huang Michelle S. , Mikos Georgios , Bedi Yudhishtar , Soto Luis , Lensch Sarah , Ayushman Manish , Bintu Lacramioara , Bhutani Nidhi , Heilshorn Sarah C. , Yang Fan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a highly aggressive and fatal pediatric brain cancer. One pre-requisite for tumor cells to infiltrate is adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. However, it remains largely unknown which ECM proteins are critical in enabling DIPG adhesion and migration and which integrin receptors mediate these processes. Here, we identify laminin as a key ECM protein that supports robust DIPG cell adhesion and migration. To study DIPG infiltration, we developed a DIPG-neural assembloid model, which is composed of a DIPG spheroid fused to a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural organoid. Using this assembloid model, we demonstrate that knockdown of laminin-associated integrins significantly impedes DIPG infiltration. Moreover, laminin-associated integrin knockdown improves DIPG response to radiation and HDAC inhibitor treatment within the DIPG-neural assembloids. These findings reveal the critical role of laminin-associated integrins in mediating DIPG progression and drug response. The results also provide evidence that disrupting integrin receptors may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance DIPG treatment outcomes. Finally, these results establish DIPG-neural assembloid models as a powerful tool to study DIPG disease progression and enable drug discovery.
Emerging trends in GIS application on cultural heritage conservation: a review
Authors: Liu Beibei , Wu Cong , Xu Weixing , Shen Yingning , Tang Fengliang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based technologies are increasingly crucial in the domain of cultural heritage conservation, facilitating the construction of dynamic information management systems and serving as robust platforms for research and display. This review utilizes CiteSpace and Bibliometrix R language to perform a bibliometric analysis of academic literature sourced from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, focusing on the application of GIS in cultural heritage conservation. The analysis covers a broad spectrum of academic articles, identifying research hotspots, patterns of national cooperation, interdisciplinary mobility, knowledge structure, and developmental trends. The findings reveal that this research area is experiencing a phase of steady growth. While three emerging trends have been identified, demonstrating significant theoretical and technical advancements, there remains considerable potential for enhancing in their practical implication within conservation efforts. The study advocates for the integration of digital technologies into the humanities, emphasizing the need for a heritage database equipped with standardized data exchange protocols to support display and analytical functions. This systematic research approach not only illuminates new strategies for the inheritance and innovation in the conservation of cultural heritage, but also paves the way for future explorations in this increasingly vital field.
Multicriteria screening evaluation of geothermal resources on mine lands for direct use heating
Authors: Gasperikova Erika , Ulrich Craig , Omitaomu Olufemi A. , Dobson Patrick , Zhang Yingqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDirect use of geothermal energy is the oldest and most versatile form of utilizing geothermal energy. In the last decade, this utilization has significantly increased, especially with the installation of geothermal (ground-source) heat pumps. Many current and inactive mine land sites across the U.S. could be redeveloped with clean energy technologies such as direct use geothermal, which would revitalize former mining communities, help with reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy. We present a multicriteria screening framework to evaluate various aspects of direct-use geothermal projects on mine lands. The criteria are divided into three categories: (1) technical potential, (2) demand and benefits, and (3) regulatory and permitting. We demonstrate the framework using publicly available data on a national scale (continental U.S.). Then, using an example of abandoned coal mines in Illinois and focusing on resource potential, we illustrate how this evaluation can be applied at the state or more local scales when a region’s characteristics drive spatial variability estimates. The strength of this approach is the ability to combine seemingly disparate parameters and inputs from numerous sources. The framework is very flexible—additional criteria can be easily incorporated and weights modified if input data support them. Vice versa, the framework can also help identify additional data needed for evaluating those criteria. The multicriteria screening evaluation methodology provides a framework for identifying potential candidates for detailed site evaluation and characterization.
Recent advances in cardiorespiratory monitoring in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients
Authors: Chiumello Davide , Fioccola Antonio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent advances on cardiorespiratory monitoring applied in ARDS patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation and noninvasive ventilatory support are available in the literature and may have potential prognostic implication in ARDS treatment.

Main body
The measurement of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry is a valid, low-cost, noninvasive alternative for assessing arterial oxygenation. Caution must be taken in patients with darker skin pigmentation, who may experience a greater incidence of occult hypoxemia. Dead space surrogates, which are easy to calculate, have important prognostic implications. The mechanical power, which can be automatically computed by intensive care ventilators, is an important parameter correlated with ventilator-induced lung injury and outcome. In patients undergoing noninvasive ventilatory support, the use of esophageal pressure can measure inspiratory effort, avoiding possible delays in endotracheal intubation. Fluid responsiveness can also be evaluated using dynamic indices in patients ventilated at low tidal volumes (< 8 mL/kg). In patients ventilated at high levels of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), the PEEP test represents a valid alternative to passive leg raising. There is growing evidence on alternative parameters for evaluating fluid responsiveness, such as central venous oxygen saturation variations, inferior vena cava diameter variations and capillary refill time.

Conclusion
Careful cardiorespiratory monitoring in patients affected by ARDS is crucial to improve prognosis and to tailor treatment via mechanical ventilatory support.
Climatic changes: knowledge and adaptation behavior to heat-related illness among solid waste disposal workers
Authors: Elshamy Raghda A. , Eladl Afaf M. , Zaitoun Mona F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Earth’s climate changes are progressing at an alarming rate. One of the most severe effects of climate change is extreme heat. This study aimed to assess knowledge and adaptation behavior to heat-related illness (HRI) among solid waste disposal workers in the 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt, and to study the predictors for their knowledge and adaptation behavior.

Methods
An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 solid waste disposal workers. A structured interview questionnaire was used to assess the studied workers’ sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, heat exposure risk, and their knowledge, and adaptation behavior.

Results
The results showed that 40% and 30% of participants had adequate levels of total knowledge and adaptation behavior, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between workers’ knowledge and both age and education. There was a statistically significant relationship between workers’ adaptation behavior and age, duration of employment, working hours, and education. A binary logistic regression for significant predictors of knowledge and adaptation behavior showed that age and education were the most significant predictors.

Conclusion
Solid waste disposal workers were at high risk of HRI due to their low levels of knowledge and adaptation behavior regarding HRI. Educational health programs that guide workers to follow healthy behaviors and prevent HRI are recommended.
Detection and antibiogram profile of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from two abattoir settings in northwest Ethiopia: a one health perspective
Authors: Abey Solomon Lulie , Teka Mersha , Bitew Abebe Belete , Molla Wassie , Ejo Mebrat , Dagnaw Gashaw Getaneh , Adugna Takele , Nigatu Seleshe , Mengistu Bemrew Admassu , Kinde Mebrie Zemene , Berju Adugna , Belete Mequanint Addisu , Temesgen Wudu , Dagnachew Shimelis , Tesema Tesfaye Sisay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a zoonotic pathogen that contaminates abattoir workers, slaughter environments, slaughter equipment, and carcasses during abattoir processing. Infection with E. coli is associated with the consumption of contaminated food and water, and it is a potential threat to the health and welfare of both humans and animals. Hence, this study aimed to detect diarrheagenic E. coli and assess its antibiogram profile in two abattoir settings, in one health lens.

Methods
A cross-sectional study in one health approach was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021. A total of 384 samples from abattoir workers’ hands, carcasses, knives, cattle feces, abattoir water and effluents were collected. Bacterial culture and biochemical tests were conducted to isolate E. coli, while conventional polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify virulence genes. The antibiogram of diarrheagenic E. coli was tested against nine antimicrobials using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.

Results
A total of 115 (29.95%) E. coli were isolated from the 384 samples, and from these isolates, about 17 (14.8%) were confirmed to be diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). Among the DEC pathotypes, nine (52.94%), five (29.4%), and three (17.65%) were Shiga toxin-producing, enterohemorrhagic, and enterotoxigenic E. coli, respectively. While 14 (82.35%) DEC isolates harbored the stx2 gene, five (29.41%) the eae gene, five (29.41%) the hlyA gene and three (17.65%) harbored the st gene. All the DEC isolates were resistant to erythromycin and vancomycin; whereas, they were susceptible to ampicillin, nalidixic acid and norfloxacin. Furthermore, 64.7% of DEC isolates showed resistance to both ceftazidime and kanamycin and 88.24% of the isolates showed multidrug resistance.

Conclusion
This study detected DEC isolates having different virulence genes, which showed single and multiple antimicrobial resistance. Given the existing poor hygienic and sanitary practices along the abattoir-to-table food chain, coupled with the habit of raw meat consumption, this result indicates a potential public and animal health risk from the pathogen and antimicrobial resistance.
Clinical effects of combined anteversion and offset on postoperative dislocation in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hidaka Ryo , Matsuda Kenta , Nakamura Shigeru , Nakamura Masaki , Kawano Hirotaka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Implant impingement and soft tissue tension are factors involved in dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Combined anteversion (CA) has been used as an indicator for implant placement. However, optimal implant placement remains a challenge. Moreover, the effect of changes in offset on dislocation is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of postoperative CA and pre- and postoperative changes in offset on dislocation.

Methods
Included were patients who underwent primary cementless THA between 2013 and 2020. The mean values of CA and offset in the dislocation and non-dislocation groups were compared. The CA values within ± 10% of the recommended values were defined as good CA, and those outside the range were rated as poor CA. The dislocation rates were compared between the good and poor CA groups and between the groups with and without increased offset.

Results
A total of 283 hips were included. The mean values of CA in the dislocation and non-dislocation groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). The dislocation rate was significantly lower in the good CA group (P < 0.05). The dislocation rates in the groups with and without increased total offset were 0.5% and 4.3%, respectively (P = 0.004). There were no dislocations in patients with good CA and increased offset.

Conclusions
The dislocation rate was significantly lower when implants were placed within ± 10% of the recommended CA value. Our results suggest that dislocation can be avoided by placing the implant in the good CA range and considering the increase in total offset on the operative side.
Vacuum microwave drying of PEF-pretreated Chilean abalone (Concholepas Concholepas) slices: drying features, sustainability parameters, and protein quality properties
Authors: Pérez-Won Mario , González-Cavieres Luis , Palma-Acevedo Anais , Jara-Quijada Erick , Tabilo-Munizaga Gipsy , Lemus-Mondaca Roberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA pulsed electric field (PEF: 2.0 kV/cm) was applied before vacuum microwave drying (VMD: 120 W, 120/260 W, and 260 W at 40 kPa) on Chilean abalone mollusks. PEF and VMD effects on process features (drying kinetics, modeling, and sustainability) and product quality (texture, structure, and digestibility) were measured. The PEF application increased moisture diffusivity by up to 27% in the combined PEF+VMD process. According to the statistical analysis applied to all mathematical models, the Logarithmic model was best fitted to VMD experimental values. In terms of energy consumption, applying PEF+VMD reduced energy consumption by up to 33% of the 120W and 120/260W non-PEF samples. The best values for the rehydration index were obtained with the 120/260W (45%) and PEF+120/260W (61%) treatments. In addition, these samples had the best texture parameters. The PEF+120/260W treatment showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (11%) for the calculated protein efficiency. Finally, using PEF as a pretreatment in a VMD process can be cost-effective for scale replication due to its time efficiency and product quality to Chilean abalone samples.
Graphical Abstract
Relation between body appreciation, eating disorder risk, emotional distress, and BMI among a group of Egyptian subjects
Authors: El Basiouny Doaa , Habib Hana I. , Moore Sally , Khalil Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Body image appreciation is an important psychological aspect for all individuals of all ages which affects their psychological, personal, and social well-being.

Objectives
Examining the relationship between disordered eating tendencies, body appreciation, body mass index (BMI), and emotional distress among individuals who follow and seek psychological services from the non-profit entitative Egyptian eating disorders initiative EEDI and an online therapy platform.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including 301 healthy participants with no past medical or psychiatric history was conducted. Participants completed an online survey including demographic data, BMI, and three measures: The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaires.

Results
Participants with disordered eating tendencies — according to EAT-26 — had lower BAS scores (p < 0.001) and higher DASS depression, anxiety, and stress scores (p < 0.001). EAT-26 was negatively correlated with age (p = 0.003) and BAS (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, it was positively correlated with the three DASS scales (p < 0.001). BAS was negatively correlated with body mass index and the three DASS scales (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Body appreciation decreases with increased disordered eating tendencies and BMI. Depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with a decrease in body appreciation.
Management of uretero-colonic fistulas and ureteral injuries: a comprehensive surgical and endoscopic approach
Authors: Chavez Jose Luis Gonzalez , Urueta Pedro Salvador Jiménez , Camacho Edgar Melo , Guzmán Sofia Brenes 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Pediatric ureteral injuries can arise from trauma or surgical procedures, and urinary-enteral fistulas, although rare, are both challenging to manage and repair. More information is needed regarding ureteral-enteral fistulas in the general population, and successful treatment options are limited. This case report introduces an innovative approach, treatment, and successful follow-up featuring a novel repair technique designed for pediatric patients.

Case presentation
As a result of complicated appendicitis, a 2-year-old male developed a uretero-enteral fistula. A right ureteral-enteral fistula was detected, and because of the persistent metabolic acidosis and deteriorating malnourishment, a percutaneous nephrostomy tube was inserted with the closure of the fistula through a colonoscopy clip. Three months later, with a better patient’s condition, corrective ureteral surgery was performed with total resection of the fistulized ileocolonic segment (an anastomosis previously made because of the ileocecal valve resection secondary to appendiceal process) and total reconstruction of the urinary tract using a Boari vesical flap. The postoperative course was satisfactory.

Conclusion
Managing the ureteral-enteral fistulas is a surgical challenge due to their diverse etiology and presentation. An effective surgical management plan requires a comprehensive understanding of ureteral injuries and associated conditions and an examination of the patient's urological anatomy and function to tailor the best treatment for each case.
Evaluation of population-based screening programs on colorectal cancer screening uptake and predictors in Atlantic Canada: insights from a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Adefemi Kazeem , Knight John C. , Zhu Yun , Wang Peizhong Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant public health challenge in Canada, with the Atlantic provinces bearing a particularly high burden. The implementation of population-based colon screening programs is aimed to address this concern. However, limited research exists on the effect of these programs especially in Canada. This study aimed to examine the impact of the first few years of the CRC screening programs in the Atlantic provinces of Canada by assessing changes in screening uptake, barriers, and predictors of screening among eligible populations.

Methods
Employing a repeated cross-sectional design, this study analyzed data from a representative sample of 7614 respondents in 2010 and 6850 in 2017 from the Atlantic provinces aged 50–74 years, extracted from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The outcomes measured were CRC screening rates, changes in predictors of screening uptake, and barriers to participation. Potential predictors examined included age, sex, income, education, smoking, and health status.

Results
The proportion of adults aged 50–74 years who meet CRC screening requirements increased from 42% in 2010 to 54% in 2017 yet below the national target of 60%. New Brunswick reported the most significant increase in screening prevalence (18%, p < 0.05). Participation in fecal tests increased from 19.6 to 32.4%. Despite these improvements, disparities in screening participation remained, with lower uptake observed among individuals with lower income and education levels. Age (> 60 years, OR = 2.09, p < 0.01), the presence of multiple chronic health conditions (OR = 2.11, p < 0. 01), being female (OR = 1.21, p < 0.01), married status (OR = 1.21, p < 0.05), access to regular healthcare (OR = 1.91, p < 0.01), and nonsmoking status (OR = 2.55, p < 0.01) were identified as significant predictors of CRC screening uptake.

Conclusions
This study shows that while CRC screening uptake increased across the Atlantic provinces between 2010 and 2017, barriers to and disparities in screening participation persist. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve awareness, access, and screening uptake, particularly among disadvantaged groups, to promote equitable healthcare outcomes. Continued efforts should focus on reducing barriers to screening and leveraging available evidence to inform interventions aimed at mitigating the CRC burden in the region.