bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Research for the Jumboizing Strategy of General Hospitals in Korea
Authors: Ryu Chung-kul 
Published: November 2011

Objective: To study whether the number of hospital beds is effective or not for the main strategy of the general hospitals of Korea. Many small- and medium-sized hospitals find it difficult to maintain their man-agement and about 10 per cent of the hospitals in the whole country every year give up the management, including quitting of one’s business or the transfer of the right of ownership. However, some university hospitals adopt the hospital strategy in which they jumboize the number of hospital bed. The data consisted of 181 general hospitals with more than 100 beds, which included 28 public hospitals, 73 corporate hospitals, 64 university hospitals and 16 private hospitals. This study used hospitals from the Korean Hospital Association (data of the 181 hospitals enrolled with the Korean Hospital Association) published in 2004, and divided the hospitals into five groups according to the number of hospital beds. This study was to analyze the relation between the number of medi-cal specialists per 100 beds and managerial performance per medical specialist on the each group. Thus, this research was tested using regression analysis, setting up the number of medical specialists per 100 beds as independent variable and the index of hospital managerial per-formance as dependent variable. For the part used as index of hospital managerial performance, medical revenue index is used for total income and growth index is used for the number of outpatients and inpatients. To analyze this study, the statistical program used is SPSS WIN 12.0. The result of analysis is to identify that the big hospitals with greater number of beds and medical specialists have shown greater revenue per medical specialist despite the smaller number of patients per medical specialist. This means that the non-financial measurement called the number of hospital beds influences the hospital revenue which is a fi-nancial, and the big hospitals with greater number of beds is higher pro-fitability on the hospital revenue. Under the current health care medical charge system, this is empiric-ally to certify that jumboizing hospital on the number of hospital beds is the best strategy in order to maintain a stable hospital management and to improve the medical profitability.
Crisis, economic uncertainty and union members' attitudes towards immigration in Europe
Authors: Artiles Antonio Martín , Molina Oscar 
Published: November 2011

The literature identifies three key factors that shape attitudes towards immigration: socio-economic uncertainty, ideology and the institutional framework. The aim of this article is to take a closer look at the differences in trade union members' attitudes to immigration and the factors that determine them. We test three hypotheses by addressing three questions. First, what are the differences between the attitudes of trade union members and non-members with regard to immigration? Second, how are attitudes affected by material socio-economic variables? Third, how do different institutional frameworks and contexts affect trade union members' attitudes? We conclude that attitudes can be explained by the interaction between economic and ideological variables. This has important implications for trade union strategies geared towards the integration of migrant workers. La littérature specialisée identifie trois facteurs clé qui déterminent les attitudes vis-à-vis de l’immigration: les incertitudes socio-économiques, l’idéologie et le cadre institutionnel. Le but de cet article est d’examiner de plus près les différences dans les attitudes des syndiqués à l’égard de l’immigration et les facteurs qui déterminent ces différences. Nous testons trois hypothèses en examinant trois questions. Primo, quelles sont les différences entre les attitudes des syndiqués et des non-syndiqués à l’égard de l’immigration? Secundo, comment ces attitudes sont-elles affectées par des variables socio-économiques significatives? Tertio, comment des cadres et des contextes institutionnels différents affectent-t-ils les attitudes des syndiqués? Nous concluons que les attitudes peuvent s'expliquer par l’interaction entre des variables économiques et idéologiques. Cela a d’importantes conséquences pour les stratégies syndicales visant l’intégration des travailleurs migrants. In der Fachliteratur werden drei Schlüsselfaktoren genannt, die die Einstellungen zur Immigration beeinflussen: sozioökonomische Unsicherheit, Ideologie und institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Unterschiede in den Einstellungen von Gewerkschaftsmitgliedern zur Zuwanderung und die entscheidenden Faktoren dafür. Wir überprüfen drei Hypothesen anhand von drei Fragestellungen: Welche Unterschiede bestehen zwischen den Einstellungen von Gewerkschaftsmitgliedern und nicht gewerkschaftlich organisierten Arbeitnehmern zur Immigration? Welchen Einfluss haben materielle sozioökonomische Variablen auf diese Einstellungen? Und wie wirken sich verschiedene institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen auf die Einstellungen von Gewerkschaftsmitgliedern aus? Wir gelangen zu dem Schluss, dass sich die Einstellungen aus der Interaktion wirtschaftlicher und ideologischer Variablen ergeben. Diese Erkenntnis hat bedeutende Folgen für die Gewerkschaftsstrategien zur Integration von Wanderarbeitnehmern.
Why do workers leave unions? Group differences between workers in CCOO-Catalonia
Authors: Jódar Pere , Alós Ramon , Vidal Sergi 
Published: November 2011

This article analyses the characteristics of members leaving trade unions in Spain – specifically the Catalonia branch of Workers' Commissions (CCOO-Catalonia) – alongside their reasons for leaving, using a variety of data sources. Our findings indicate higher union attrition among members in more precarious employment situations (i.e. temporary employment, low seniority). In general, union leavers confirm that their job situation is an important reason for leaving the union. We therefore conclude that efforts made by unions to support members in vulnerable labour market positions are also important in order to reduce rates of union attrition. Cet article analyse les caractéristiques des membres qui quittent les syndicats en Espagne – plus particulièrement la branche catalane des Commissions ouvrières (CCOO-Catalonia) – ainsi que les motifs de leur départ, en utilisant des données provenant d’un large éventail de sources. Il montre que la désyndicalisation concerne davantage les membres qui connaissent une situation d’emploi plus précaire (par ex. emploi temporaire, ancienneté limitée). En général, ceux qui quittent le syndicat confirment que leur situation professionnelle est un motif important d'abandon du syndicat. Nous concluons dès lors que les efforts consentis par les syndicats pour soutenir les membres qui se trouvent dans des positions vulnérables sur le marché du travail sont également importants pour réduire le taux de désyndicalisation. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Merkmale von Gewerkschaftsmitgliedern, in diesem Fall Mitgliedern des katalanischen Gebietsverbandes der CC.OO, die aus der Gewerkschaft ausgetreten sind, sowie die Gründe, die sie dazu veranlasst haben. Die Analyse von Daten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen zeigt, dass vor allem Gewerkschaftsmitglieder in prekären Beschäftigungsverhältnissen (das heißt mit zeitlich befristen Arbeitsverträgen oder kurzer Betriebszugehörigkeit) aus der Gewerkschaft austreten. Im Allgemeinen geben die Betroffenen an, dass ihre berufliche Situation ein wichtiger Grund für den Austritt aus der Gewerkschaft war. Um die Zahl der Abgänge zur verringern, ist es daher wichtig, dass die Gewerkschaften auch Anstrengungen unternehmen, um Mitglieder mit einer unsicheren Stellung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu unterstützen.
ON–OFF Switching of the Solvatochromic Behavior of a Copper(II)–Hydrazone Complex Induced by Protonation/Deprotonation
Authors: Chang Mee , Kobayashi Atsushi , Chang Ho-Chol , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Kato Masako 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A new copper(II)–hydrazone complex, [Cu(paph)Cl(CH3OH)] (Hpaph: 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 2-pyridylhydrazone) (1) has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and UV–vis spectroscopy. This complex shows distinctive color changes by the protonation/deprotonation and exhibits interesting ON–OFF switching of solvatochromic behavior on the basis of the protonation/deprotonation of the hydrazone moiety.
Protein Nanotube Arrays Immobilized on Solid Substrates: Molecular Trap in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Kato Ryunosuke , Komatsu Teruyuki 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We describe template-assisted synthesis of protein nanotube arrays immobilized on solid substrates (e.g., glass plate) using a nanoporous polycarbonate membrane and the arrays’ molecule-trapping capabilities in aqueous medium. The uniform array of human serum albumin-based nanotubes bearing an avidin surface interior captured efficiently fluorescein-labeled biotin in water.
Quaternary-ammonium-bearing Aromatic Surfactants: Effect of the Alkyl Chain Positions on Their Micelle and DNA-complex Structures
Authors: Matsuo Takuma , Fujii Shota , Kamikawa Yumi , Nishimura Tomoki , Sanada Yusuke , Mochizuki Shinichi , Sakurai Kazuo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The isomeric effect was investigated for a newly synthesized series of quaternary aromatic ammoniums with alkyl chains of different substitution position. Their micellar and DNA-complex structures were investigated with synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and isomeric effect is discussed. For the dodecyloxy tail, the meta–meta showed a hexagonally packed cylinder, while the meta–para formed a lamella. After addition of DNA, both showed a lamella with DNA sandwiched between the surfactant bilayers.
Spontaneous Conversion of 3-Alkyl-substituted 3-Hydroperoxypyrrolidine-2,4-diones into 5-Alkyl-5-hydroxyoxazolidin-4-ones
Authors: Haque Md Aminul , Ishikawa Hayato , Nishino Hiroshi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
3-Hydroperoxypyrrolidine-2,4-diones substituted with an alkyl group at the 3-position were spontaneously transformed into 5-hydroxyoxazolidin-4-one derivatives at room temperature in air accompanied by the evolution of carbon monoxide.
Diameter Control of Silver Nanowires by Chloride Ions and Its Application as Transparent Conductive Coating
Authors: Chang Ya-Hsing , Lu Yu-Chieh , Chou Kan-Sen 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A simple method for the synthesis of silver nanowires (NW) in ethylene glycol is presented here with its diameter controlled by addition of chloride ions. The synthetic process consists of two separating steps, i.e., nucleation and growth. The resulting diameter, between 100 and 55 nm, becomes smaller when more chloride ions are added in the second step. Different silver nanowires are then coated on the glass substrate to fabricate transparent electrodes. A sheet resistance of 10 Ω/sq with optical transmittance of 80% can be obtained.
Assembling and Patterning of Diatom Frustules onto PDMS Substrates Using Photoassisted Chemical Bonding
Authors: Wang Yu , Pan Junfeng , Cai Jun , Li Aobo , Chen Mingli , Zhang Deyuan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A photoassisted chemical bonding method was used to accurately position diatom frustules into complex microscale patterns on a PDMS surface. The micropores and fine features of the diatom frustules were perfectly preserved because neither pressure exerted on diatoms nor etchant contacted in the whole process. This method has the potential to enable diatom device applications utilizing the functionalized frustules especially for biosensors, biodetection chips, and microfluidic chips.
The Dispersive Effect of Sodium Silicate on Kaolinite Particles in Process Water: Implications for Iron-Ore Processing
Authors: Ma Mark 
Published: November 2011

AbstractKaolinite is a common gangue mineral in iron ore and sodium silicate has been used widely as a dispersant of silicate gangue minerals including kaolinite in various iron-ore flotation methods over a wide range of pH. Its actual dispersive effect on kaolinite under iron-ore flotation conditions has received very limited attention, however. The presence of hydrolyzable metal cations in process water further complicates sodium silicate—kaolinite interactions. In the present study, the dispersive effect of sodium silicate on kaolinite particles in distilled water as well as in CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions was investigated systematically through electrophoretic mobility and colloid-stability studies. The studies were based on controlled pH, which eliminated the dispersive effect of sodium silicate induced by increasingpulp pH, in order to simulate the conditions of iron-ore processing. With pH controlled at constant levels, sodium silicate dispersed kaolinite only when positively charged sites were present on kaolinite surfaces and the zeta potential of kaolinite was more negative than ~−30 mV. Over the pH range from 5 to 10.5, a significant dispersive effect of sodium silicate was only observed at pH 7. In process water, when Ca and Mgwere present, the strong coagulation of kaolinite particles caused by the hydrolyzable metal cations could not be dispersed effectively with sodium silicate.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Hydrothermal Kaolinite Deposits within Neogene Volcanites, Kütahya (Western Anatolia), Turkey
Authors: Kadır Selahattin , Erman Hande , Erkoyun Hülya 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Kütahya kaolinite deposits are the most important source of raw materials for the ceramics industry in Turkey. To date, no detailed mineralogical or geochemical characterizations of these materials have been carried out; the present study aims to fill that gap. The Kütahya kaolinite deposits formed by alteration of dacite and andesite tuffs related to Neogene volcanism whichwas associated withe xtensional tectonics. The kaolinite deposits contain silica and Fe- and Ti-bearing phases (pyrite, goethite, and rutile) in vertical and subvertical veins that diminish and then disappear upward. Mineralogical zonation outward from the main kaolinite deposit is as follows: kaolinite ± smectite + illite + opal-CT + feldspar; feldspar + kaolinite + quartz + smectite + illite; quartz + feldspar + volcanic glass. The veins and mineral distributions demonstrate that hydrothermal alteration was the main process in the development of the kaolinite deposits of the area. The very sharp, intense, diagnostic basal reflections at 7.2 and 3.57 Å, as well as non-basal reflections, well defined pseudohexagonal to hexagonal crystallinity with regular outlines, ideal differential thermal analysis-thermal gravimetric curves, and ideal, sharp, infrared spectral bands indicate well crystallized kaolinite. Micromorphologically, the development of kaolinite plates at the edges of altered feldspar and devitrified volcanic glass indicates an authigenic origin. Lateral increase in (SiO2+Fe2O3+MgO+Na2O+CaO+K2O)/(Al2O3+TiO2) from the center of the kaolinite deposit outward also indicates hydrothermal zonation. Enrichment of Sr in altered and partially altered rocks relative to freshvolca nic-rock samples demonstrates retention of Sr and depletion of Rb, Ba, Ca, and K during hydrothermal alteration of sanidine and plagioclase within the volcanic units. In addition, depletion of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) relative to light rare earth elements (LREE) in the kaolinized materials may be attributed to the alteration of hornblende. The negative Eu anomaly suggests the alteration of feldspar by hydrothermal fluids. The isotopic data from kaolinite and smectite indicate that hydrothermalalteration processes developed at 119.1–186.9°C and 61.8–84.5°C, respectively. Thus, the kaolinite deposits formed by hydrothermal alteration of volcanic glass, feldspar, and hornblende by a dissolutionprecipitation mechanism which operated under acidic conditions within Neogene dacite, andesite, and tuffs.
A Study of the Removal of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Clinoptilolite from Serbia
Authors: Stojakovic Djordje , Milenkovic Jelena , Daneu Nina , Rajic Nevenka 
Published: November 2011

AbstractToxic metal contamination of waste waters can be mitigated by metal adsorption to clay and zeolitic minerals, but in developing countries such environmental remediation can be cost prohibitive if these minerals are not readily available. Because of its abundance, low cost, and excellent selectivity for several toxic metal ions, clinoptilolite from the Zlatokop deposit in Serbia was investigated for its ability to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions and serve as an effective local resource for this purpose. The sorption capacity of the clinoptilolite at 298 K varied from 8.3 mg Cu g−1 (for C0 = 100 mg Cu dm−3) to 16.8 mg Cu g−1 (for C0 = 400 mg Cu dm−3). The sorption data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm and the sorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Intra-particle diffusion of Cu2+ was present but it is not the rate-limiting step. The sorption of Cu2+ on the clinoptilolite occurred spontaneously, the free energy change decreasing with temperature. The sorption was endothermic and was accompanied by an increase in entropy. Dehydration of the Cu-loaded clinoptilolite at 540°C led to the formation of nanocrystalline Cu(I) oxide particles with an average size of ~2 nm, suggesting possible novel applications for the Cu-loaded clinoptilolite.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Sepiolite Deposits at Polatli Basin (Ankara, Turkey)
Authors: Karakaya Muazzez Çelik , Karakaya Necati , Temel Abidin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Middle—Upper Miocene—Pliocene sediments near Polatlı contain commercial sepiolitic clay deposits. The sepiolite-rich Polatlı basin sediments were studied to describe the sepiolitic clay deposits of the area and to assess the environments of formation using X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. The Polatlı basin is an elongated, rift-related graben trending NE—SW in central Turkey, filled with continental Late Miocene to Early Pliocene sediments. The sediments which comprise claystone, marl and limestone, dolostone, and evaporites are characteristic deposits of low-salinity, playa-lake depositional environments. These sepiolite-rich deposits include sepiolite, dolomite, and calcite, with minor amounts of palygorskite, quartz, moganite, amorphous silica (opal-CT), and feldspar.The sepiolite shows all the characteristic X-ray diffraction reflections of that mineral, whereas amorphous silica containing sepiolite shows some of the characteristic reflections of sepiolite, but with somewhat broader and less intense basal reflections. In the siliceous deposits, the long, fibrous, and filamentous aggregates of the sepiolite were converted to thick, short fibers, low in Mg, and showing transition to amorphous silica.Major and trace elements (e.g. Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Sr, Ba, etc.) were found almost exclusively in Mg-rich smectitic claystone and detrital silicate-rich rocks, whereas Mg, Ca, and some Si were concentrated in the neoformed minerals in the basin. The rare-earth elements (REE) and some of the high-field strength elements (HFSE), large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and transition elements (TRE) patterns were similar for detrital silicate-rich rocks and formed from neoformed mineral lithologies. The REE, TRE, LILE, and some of the HFSE contents of limestone, dolostone, and sepiolitic claystone were similar while those of detrital silicate-rich rocks and Mg-rich smectitic claystones were similar to each other. PAAS-normalized REE and other trace-element patterns were typically subparallel and depleted in neoformed minerals. All sample groups had positive Eu* anomalies, except Mg-rich smectite (0.80). Limestone, dolostone, and amorphous silica compounds showed slightly negative Ce* anomalies, whereas sepiolitic claystones, Mg-rich smectitic claystones, and detrital silicate-rich rocks had a slightly positive Ce* anomaly.
Effects of Gel Parameters on the Synthesis and Characteristics of W-Type Zeolite Nanoparticles
Authors: Maghsoodloorad Hojjatollah , Mirfendereski Seyed Mojtaba , Mohammadi Toraj , Pak Afshin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of chemical parameters on the characterizationof W-type zeolite crystals and their intergrowths with other types of zeolites. The crystal size and purity ofW-type zeolites are affected significantly by the gel composition with respect to the molar ratios of SiO2/Al2O3 (aluminosilicate module, α), H2O/K2O (alkainity, β), and water content (H2O/SiO2, γ). The effects of these gel parameters ont he synthesis and characterizationof W-type zeolite were investigated.Crystalline W-type zeolite of high purity was synthesized using a gel with a molar ratio of Al2O3:6.4SiO2:5.6K2O:164.6H2O at T = 165°C for a period of 72 h. The effect of excess K2O/SiO2 ratio ina mono-cation (K)-SiO2-Al2O3 gel-composition system on the nanoparticle size and purity of the product was also investigated. Experiments were carried out using the following levels of alkalinity: 21.4, 29.4, and 51.9; aluminosilicate module: 5.0, 6.4, and 10.0; water content: 16.5, 25.7, and 32.9; and excess K2O/SiO2 ratio: from 0.65 to 3.33. The results showed that by increasing the aluminosilicate module at high K2O/SiO2 ratio, the crystallinity and crystal size of the zeolite synthesized increased, while at low alkalinity, the crystallinity and crystal size decreased. Decreasing alkalinity at low aluminosilicate module increased the crystallinity and decreased the crystal size, while at high aluminosilicate module, both decreased. Finally, by increasing the water content at all aluminosilicate module and alkalinity values, the crystallinity and crystal size of the W-type zeolite increased. Excess K2O/SiO2 ratio was the key factor that should be adjusted int he range 0.7–1.0 for synthesis of pure crystals of W-type zeolite.
A comparison of the acute effects of calcium and strontium ranelate on the serum marker of bone resorption
Authors: Maresova Kristyna Brabnikova , Franek Tomas , Vondracek Tomas , Stepan Jan J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo investigate the mechanism by which strontium ranelate (SrR) inhibits the bone resorption, this study compared the effects of SrR and calcium on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the biochemical marker of bone resorption (serum type 1 collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide, βCTX).In 10 healthy young subjects, after overnight fasting, 1000 mg of elemental calcium and 2000 mg of SrR containing 600 mg SrAfter the ingestion of either calcium or SrR, there was a significant increase in serum calcium and strontium concentrations, and a decrease in serum βCTX and intact PTH concentrations as compared to the baseline values (p<0.05). In the fasting subjects, no significant differences in the variable were found as compared to the baseline values.The decrease in PTH and the marker of bone resorption observed after the SrR administration is comparable to the decrease observed after the calcium administration in young adults.
Cyclododecanol, Cyclododecanone, and Laurolactam
Authors: Oenbrink Georg , Schiffer Thomas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Cyclododecanol and Cyclododecanone1.1.Properties1.2.Production1.3.Storage and Transportation1.4.Analysis1.5.Uses2.Laurolactam2.1.Properties2.2.Production2.3.Storage and Transportation2.4.Analysis2.5.Uses3.Toxicology