bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent predictive ability of prostate‐specific antigen density prediction model for clinically significant prostate cancer across age strata
Authors: Malshy Kamil , Ochsner Anna , Homer Alexander , Allu Sai , Passarelli Natalie , Sojka Andrew , Glebocki Richard , Golijanin Borivoj , Ortiz Rebecca , Eaton Samuel , Pareek Gyan , Khaleel Sari , Golijanin Dragan , Hyams Elias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrebiopsy prostate‐specific antigen density (PSAD) is a well‐known predictor of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Since prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume (PV) increase normally with aging, PSAD thresholds may vary. The purpose of the study was to determine if PSAD was predictive of csPCa in different age strata.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our institutional database for patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2016 and December 2021. We included patients who had post‐MRI prostate biopsies. Based on age, we divided our cohort into four subgroups (groups 1–4): <55, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years old. PSAD accuracy was estimated by the area under the curve (AUC) as a predictive model for differentiating csPCa between the groups. CsPCa was defined as a Gleason Grade Group 2 or higher. Three different PSAD thresholds (0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) were tested across the groups for sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Chi‐square and analysis of variance tests were used for bivariate analysis. All analys were completed using R 4.3 (R Core Team, 2023).ResultsAmong 1913 patients, 883 (46.1%) had prostate biopsies. In groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, there were 62 (7%), 321 (36.4%), 404 (45.8%), and 96 (10.9%) patients, respectively. Median PSA was 5.6 (interquartile range 3.4–8.1), 6.2 (4.8–9), 6.8 (5.1–9.7), and 9 (5.6–13), respectively (p < 0.01). Median PV was 42.3 (30–62), 51 (36–77), 55.5 (38–85.9), and 59.3 (42–110) mL, respectively (p < 0.01). No difference was observed in median PSAD between age groups 1–4 (0.1 [0.07–0.16], 0.11 [0.08–0.18], 0.1 [0.07–0.19], and 0.1 [0.07–0.2]), respectively (p = 0.393). CsPCa was diagnosed in 241 (27.3%) patients, of which 10 (16.1%), 65 (20.2%), 121 (30%), and 45 (46.7%) were in groups 1–4, respectively (p < 0.001). For groups 1–4, the PSAD AUC for predicting csPCa was 0.75, 0.68, 0.71, and 0.74. While testing PSAD threshold of 0.15 across the different age groups (1–4), the PPV vs. NPV was 39.1 vs. 93.2, 33.6 vs. 87, 50.9 vs. 80.8, and 66.1 vs. 64.7, respectively.ConclusionsPSAD prediction model was found to be similar among different age groups. In young patients, PSAD had a high NPV but low PPV. With increasing age, the opposite trend was observed, likely due to higher disease prevalence. While PSAD thresholds may be less useful in older patients to rule out higher‐grade prostate cancer, the clinical consequences of these diagnoses require a case‐by‐case evaluation.
Drug disposition in cholestasis: An important concern
Authors: Shang Tianze , Zhang Chengliang , Liu Dong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCholestasis, a chronic liver condition, disrupts bile acid homeostasis and complicates drug disposition, posing significant challenges in medicating cholestatic patients. Drug metabolism enzymes and transporters (DMETs) are pivotal in drug clearance. Research indicates that cholestasis leads to alterations in both hepatic and extrahepatic DMETs, with changes in expression and function documented in rodents and humans. This review synthesizes the modifications in key drug disposition components within cholestasis, focusing on cytochrome P450 (CYP450), drug transporters, and their substrates. Additionally, we briefly discuss certain drugs that have demonstrated efficacy in restoring DMET expression in cholestatic conditions. Ultimately, these insights necessitate a reevaluation of drug selection and dosing guidelines for patients with cholestasis.
Hepatoprotective effect of dietary pterostilbene against high‐fat‐diet‐induced lipid accumulation exacerbated by chronic jet lag via SIRT1 and SIRT3 activation
Authors: Koh Yen‐Chun , Yao Ching‐Hui , Lee Pei‐Sheng , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHepatic lipid metabolism is modulated by the circadian rhythm; therefore, circadian disruption may promote obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation. This study aims to investigate dietary pterostilbene (PSB) ‘s protective effect against high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced lipid accumulation exacerbated by chronic jet lag and the potential role of gut microbiota therein. Mice were treated with a HFD and chronic jet lag for 14 weeks. The experimental group was supplemented with 0.25% (w/w) PSB in its diet to evaluate whether PSB had a beneficial effect. Our study found that chronic jet lag exacerbates HFD‐induced obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation, but these adverse effects were significantly mitigated by PSB supplementation. Specifically, PSB promoted hepatic lipolysis and β‐oxidation by upregulating SIRT1 expression, which indirectly reduced oxidative stress caused by lipid accumulation. Additionally, the PSB‐induced elevation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression helped prevent excessive autophagy and mitochondrial fission by activating Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant enzymes. The result was evidenced by the use of SIRT1 and SIRT3 inhibitors in in vitro studies, which demonstrated that activation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 by PSB is crucial for the translocation of PGC‐1α and Nrf2, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of gut microbiota suggested that PSB's beneficial effects were partly due to its positive modulation of gut microbial composition and functionality. The findings of this study suggest the potential of dietary PSB as a candidate to improve hepatic lipid metabolism via several mechanisms. It may be developed as a treatment adjuvant in the future.
Quantifying nocturnal thrush migration using sensor data fusion between acoustics and vertical‐looking radar
Authors: Giuntini Silvia , Saari Juha , Martinoli Adriano , Preatoni Damiano G. , Haest Birgen , Schmid Baptiste , Weisshaupt Nadja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStudying nocturnal bird migration is challenging because direct visual observations are difficult during darkness. Radar has been the means of choice to study nocturnal bird migration for several decades, but provides limited taxonomic information. Here, to ascertain the feasibility of enhancing the taxonomic resolution of radar data, we combined acoustic data with vertical‐looking radar measurements to quantify thrush (Family: Turdidae) migration. Acoustic recordings, collected in Helsinki between August and October of 2021–2022, were used to identify likely nights of high and low thrush migration. Then, we built a random forest classifier that used recorded radar signals from those nights to separate all migrating passerines across the autumn migration season into thrushes and non‐thrushes. The classifier had a high overall accuracy (≈0.82), with wingbeat frequency and bird size being key for separation. The overall estimated thrush autumn migration phenology was in line with known migratory patterns and strongly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient ≈0.65) with the phenology of the acoustic data. These results confirm how the joint application of acoustic and vertical‐looking radar data can, under certain migratory conditions and locations, be used to quantify ‘family‐level’ bird migration.
Study on the motion characteristics of bedload sediment particles under different sediment transport intensities
Authors: Liu Chunjing , Zhang Lingfeng , Zhang Yu , Jiang Xiaopeng , Liu Fei , Gu Leilei , Lu Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBedload studies at the particle scale may help grasp the essence of the problem. Existing studies suffer from short filming durations, limited data volume, and a narrow range of sediment transport intensity variations. This paper employs the high‐speed photography technology and conducts experimental studies on bedload particle motion under 8 different sediment transport intensities. Using the latest image processing technology, over 6 million sediment particle coordinate points and nearly 400,000 particle motion trajectory curves were automatically obtained and used to compare the motion characteristics of bedload particles under different sediment transport intensities. The results show that under low sediment transport intensity, both the number of moving particles and particle motion velocity contribute to the bedload sediment transport rate, while under high‐intensity conditions, the transport rate mainly depends on the number of moving particles. The probability density distribution of sediment transport rate is concentrated and varies within a small range under low‐intensity conditions, exhibiting a tailing phenomenon. In contrast, under high‐intensity conditions, the range of sediment transport rate values increases, and the probability density curve tends to be symmetric, more closely approximating a normal distribution. Additionally, the paper compares the longitudinal and transverse motion velocities of particles and the coefficient of variation of the bedload sediment transport rate.
Fibrin Hydrogels Reinforced by Reactive Microgels for Stimulus‐Triggered Drug Administration
Authors: Al Enezy‐Ulbrich Miriam Aischa , Belthle Thomke , Malyaran Hanna , Kučikas Vytautas , Küttner Hannah , de Lange Robert Dirk , van Zandvoort Marc , Neuss Sabine , Pich Andrij 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTissue engineering is a steadily growing field of research due to its wide‐ranging applicability in the field of regenerative medicine. Application‐dependent mechanical properties of a scaffold material as well as its biocompatibility and tailored functionality represent particular challenges. Here the properties of fibrin‐based hydrogels reinforced by functional cytocompatible poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam)‐based (PVCL) microgels are studied and evaluated. The employment of temperature‐responsive microgels decorated by epoxy groups for covalent binding to the fibrin is studied as a function of cross‐linking degree within the microgels, microgel concentration, as well as temperature. Rheology reveals a strong correlation between the mechanical properties of the reinforced fibrin‐based hydrogels and the microgel rigidity and concentration. The incorporated microgels serve as cross‐links, which enable temperature‐responsive behavior of the hydrogels, and slow down the hydrogel degradation. Microgels can be additionally used as carriers for active drugs, as demonstrated for dexamethasone. The microgels’ temperature‐responsiveness allows for triggered release of payload, which is monitored using a bioassay. The cytocompatibility of the microgel‐reinforced fibrin‐based hydrogels is demonstrated by LIVE/DEAD staining experiments using human mesenchymal stem cells. The microgel‐reinforced hydrogels are a promising material for tissue engineering, owing to their superior mechanical performance and stability, possibility of drug release, and retained biocompatibility.
Ultrasmall Metal TPZ Complexes with Deep Tumor Penetration for Enhancing Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy and Inducing Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Zhu Licheng , Ren Yanqiao , Dong Mengna , Sun Bo , Huang Jia , Chen Lei , Xia Xiangwen , Dong Xiangjun , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the most common minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of solid tumors, but residual malignant tissues or small satellite lesions after insufficient RFA (iRFA) are difficult to remove, often leading to metastasis and recurrence. Here, Fe‐TPZ nanoparticles are designed by metal ion and (TPZ) ligand complexation for synergistic enhancement of RFA residual tumor therapy. Fe‐TPZ nanoparticles are cleaved in the acidic microenvironment of the tumor to generate Fe2+ and TPZ. TPZ, an anoxia‐dependent drug, is activated in residual tumors and generates free radicals to cause tumor cell death. Elevated Fe2+ undergoes a redox reaction with glutathione (GSH), inducing a strong Fenton effect and promoting the production of the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH). In addition, the ROS/GSH imbalance induced by this treatment promotes immunogenic cell death (ICD), which triggers the release of damage‐associated molecular patterns, macrophage polarization, and lymphocyte infiltration, thus triggering a systemic antitumor immune response and noteworthy prevention of tumor metastasis. Overall, this integrated treatment program driven by multiple microenvironment‐dependent pathways overcomes the limitations of the RFA monotherapy approach and thus improves tumor prognosis. Furthermore, these findings aim to provide new research ideas for regulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Amino(Ylide)Stannylenes
Authors: Swamy Varre S. V. S. N. , Kumar Manoj , Krischer Felix , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Mallick Bert , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of two stable monoylide‐substituted stannylenes of type YCNSnR [R=Cl (1) or N(SiMe3)2 (2), and YCN=Ph3P(CN)C] starting from the cyanido‐substituted α‐metallated ylide YCN–K and SnCl2 or (SiMe3)2NSnCl is reported. Coordination of the cyano group to the tin center results in the dimerization of both stannylenes 1 and 2 in the solid state as well as in solution, where syn‐ and anti‐isomers are present. X‐ray diffraction analyses in combination with DFT calculations revealed that the π‐electron density of the ylide ligand is predominantly shifted into the cyano moiety rather than towards the tin center. This results in a strong preference of the dimers over the monomers, which is further emphasized by the reaction with 2,5‐di‐tert‐butylhydroquinone, which undergoes a [1+4] addition to the tin center to yield a spiro compound while preserving the cyclic core of the dimer. In contrast, phenyl isocyanate and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide insert into the Sn−Cylide bond, ultimately leading to the cleavage of the dimer and the formation of monomeric stannylenes with an ylide‐substituted thioamidato and amidinato ligand, respectively.
Development of a Standardized Data Acquisition Prototype for Heterogeneous Sensor Environments as a Basis for ML Applications in Pultrusion
Authors: Helfrich Timo , Wilhelm Michael , Kuppler Oliver , Rosenberg Philipp , Henning Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPultrusion of continuous fiber reinforced profiles has been state of the art for several decades. However, pultrusion in the production environment so far has no or only few sensor data in a heterogeneous sensor environment, has shortcomings in data quality (time synchronization, different formats, different sampling rates, sporadic disconnections and resulting data losses), and insufficient data processing methods are used for process control and optimization. Significant efficiency improvements would therefore still be possible in this respect. The question therefore arises as to how a data acquisition system can be designed that provides heterogeneous data in a standardized and reliable manner for data-based process development and optimization. The aim is therefore to develop a digitized and standardized data acquisition prototype for the continuous production of sustainable profile structures so flexible that the various components of the production line can be adaptively combined in a central data acquisition system. We have therefore screened and selected possible standardized transmission formats in combination with suitable low-cost data acquisition systems for a highly reliable and secure application area. The paper shows a profound concept for a data acquisition prototype based on different low-cost control systems for the applicability and testability of the developed requirements regarding data acquisition, processing, and future storage.
Using Forest Structures for Passive Automata Learning
Authors: Krumnow Arne , Plambeck Swantje , Fey Goerschwin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present an extension on a passive learning algorithm for deterministic finite automata (DFAs) and Mealy machines which is based on the regular positive and negative inference (RPNI) algorithm. The extension builds a structure which is inspired by random forests. Instead of building a single automaton, the forest builds several. The paper introduces two forest structures for learning DFAs, together with their respective extension for Mealy machines, where the choice of which to pick depends on the output to achieve, as well as the type of application. Following that, the empirical analysis shows which parameters yield better results than the basic RPNI passive learning approach. In our experiments, forest structures for passive learning of automata yield significant improvement over the standard RPNI algorithm of up to $$43\%$$

43
%

in the total number of correct outputs when testing Mealy machines.
Unveiling chiral states in the XXZ chain: finite-size scaling probing symmetry-enriched c = 1 conformal field theories
Authors: Wei Chenan , Mkhitaryan Vagharsh V. , Sedrakyan Tigran A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the low-energy properties of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ chain with time-reversal symmetry-breaking pseudo-scalar chiral interaction and propose a phase diagram for the model. In the integrable case of the isotropic Heisenberg model with the chiral interaction, we employ the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz to find “chiralization”, the response of the ground state versus the strength of the pseudo-scalar chiral interaction of a chiral Heisenberg chain. Unlike the magnetization case, the chirality of the ground state remains zero until the transition point corresponding to critical coupling αc = 2J/π with J being the antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction. The central-charge c = 1 conformal field theories (CFTs) describe the two phases with zero and finite chirality. We show for this particular case and conjecture more generally for similar phase transitions that the difference between two emergent CFTs with identical central charges lies in the symmetry of their ground state (lightest weight) primary fields, i.e., the two phases are symmetry-enriched CFTs. At finite but small temperatures, the non-chiral Heisenberg phase acquires a finite chirality that scales with the temperature quadratically. We show that the finite-size effect around the transition point probes the transition.
Comprehensive analysis of 19 cannabinoids in commercial CBD oils: concentrations, profiles, and safety implications
Authors: Lindekamp Niklas , Weigel Stefan , Sachse Benjamin , Schäfer Bernd , Rohn Sascha , Triesch Nadja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNineteen cannabinoids, including Δ9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), were quantified in 22 CBD oils, 2 CBG (cannabigerol) oils, and 2 CBN (cannabinol) oils, marketed as food supplements, aroma oils, or cosmetic preparations. Analyses were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The declared concentrations of CBD (or CBG, CBN) in the oils ranged from 2.5 to 20%. Actual concentrations compared to declared concentrations ranged from 81 to 226%. CBD concentrations of up to 9 mg per drop were found. Δ9-THC was detected in 20 of 26 samples, with concentrations ranging from 5 to 1576 mg/kg (mean = 536 mg/kg). Considering the highest daily intake suggested by one manufacturer (20 drops) and a body weight of 70 kg, the measured Δ9-THC concentration in 50% (n = 13) of the products would exceed the acute reference dose (ARfD) of 1 µg/kg body weight (bw) derived for Δ9-THC by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). For 7 samples, only 2 drops of oil would be sufficient to exceed the ARfD of Δ9-THC.
Novel role of NCoR1 in impairing spatial memory through the mediation of a novel interacting protein DEC2
Authors: Cheng Kuang-Min , Hsu Wei-Lun , Ma Yun-Li , Liu Yen-Chen , Lee Eminy H. Y. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLong-term memory formation requires de novo RNA and protein synthesis. Using differential display PCR, we found that the NCoR1 cDNA fragment is differentially expressed between fast learners and slow learners, with fast learners showing a lower expression level than slow learners in the water maze learning task. Fast learners also show lower NCoR1 mRNA and protein expression levels. In addition, spatial training decreases both NCoR1 mRNA and protein expression, whereas NCoR1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice show enhanced spatial memory. In studying the molecular mechanism, we found that spatial training decreases the association between NCoR1 and DEC2. Both NCoR1 and DEC2 suppress the expression of BDNF, integrin α3 and SGK1 through C/EBPα binding to their DNA promoters, but overexpression of DEC2 in NCoR1 cKO mice rescues the decreased expression of these proteins compared with NCoR1 loxP mice overexpressing DEC2. Further, spatial training decreases DEC2 expression. Spatial training also enhances C/EBPα binding to Bdnf, Itga3 and Sgk1 promoters, an effect also observed in fast learners, and both NCoR1 and DEC2 control C/EBPα activity. Whereas knockdown of BDNF, integrin α3 or SGK1 expression impairs spatial learning and memory, it does not affect Y-maze performance, suggesting that BDNF, integrin α3 and SGK1 are involved in long-term memory formation, but not short-term memory formation. Moreover, NCoR1 expression is regulated by the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings identify DEC2 as a novel interacting protein of NCoR1 and elucidate the novel roles and mechanisms of NCoR1 and DEC2 in negative regulation of spatial memory formation.
The effect of NAFTA on Mexico's wage gap
Authors: Arends-Kuenning Mary P. , Baylis Kathy , Garduño-Rivera Rafael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper studies how the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) affected the wage gap between high and low-paid workers within Mexico, considering internal migration. In low-skilled, labor-abundant developing countries, trade liberalization should theoretically increase the wages of low-skilled workers, decreasing income inequality. However, anecdotal evidence indicates that NAFTA increased the gap between rich and poor in Mexico, and empirical evidence is mixed (Hirte et al. 2020; Brülhart 2011; Bosch and Manacorda 2010; Nicita 2009; Chiquiar 2008; Hanson 2007; Gonzalez-Rivas 2007). Because trade may affect wages differently across regions within the country, accurate measures of wage effects must incorporate internal migration; otherwise, apparent wage convergence or divergence might only reflect a geographic resorting of workers. We evaluate wage changes by considering rural-to-urban migration. We first find a slight decrease in both internal and external migration in the years after NAFTA. Then, we find that all male workers see a wage reduction from trade openness, although the harm of high-wage workers almost doubled that of their counterparts with low wages. NAFTA also mitigated some of the wage differentials between the North and South. In summary, trade liberalization has reduced wage differentials among working-age men in urban areas.
Review of early ground deformation observations by electronic distance measurements (EDM) on active Sicilian volcanoes: valuable data and information for long-term analyses
Authors: Bonforte Alessandro , Gambino Salvatore , Velardita Rosanna , Privitera Laura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectronic distance measurements (EDM) represent one of the first methods to detect ground deformation on volcanoes. Used since 1964, they enable acquiring precise distance measurements, whose time repetition may highlight changes related to volcanic activity. This technique was widely used on volcanoes from the 1970s to the early 2000s and has been used many times to model position, geometry, and volumes of magmatic and hydrothermal sources. This paper reports the EDM experiences, results and data acquired on Sicilian volcanoes (Etna, Vulcano, Stromboli and Pantelleria) from the early 1970s, which have played a major role in the birth of the volcano-geodesy for volcanic process knowledge, making the Sicilian volcanoes among those with the longest geodetic record in the world.