bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection of Setaria tundra (Issaitshikoff & Rajewskaya, 1928) and Setaria cervi (Rudolphi, 1819) in red deer in Slovakia
Authors: Lazár Jozef , Šmigová Júlia , Šmiga Ľubomír , Berrilli Federica , Lazár Peter , Čurlík Ján , Papajová Ingrid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFilaroid nematodes Setaria tundra (Issaitshikoff & Rajewskaya, 1928) and Setaria cervi (Rudolphi, 1819) are internal parasites from family Onchocercidae with occurrence in the northern hemisphere. They have a considerably wide range of final host, including many species of family Cervidae. Intermediate hosts and vectors at the same time, are represented by the several mosquito species, mostly of genus Aedes. Infection of Setaria is relatively harmless and especially in wild cervids usually pass unnoticed. Although in some cases it can induce peritonitis which might be a life threatening condition.This study was determined to reveal the presence of helminths Setaria tundra and Setaria cervi in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Slovakia. The parasites were identified morphologically and genetically, based on the sequences of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. For this purpose we used partial results of our longer parasitological monitoring realized in one particular hunting area located in eastern Slovakia, near the city of Košice. A total of 60 red deer individuals were tested, of which one was found to be infected with Setaria tundra (prevalence of 1.7%) and four were detected to be infected with Setaria cervi (prevalence 6.7%). The intensity of infection was very low, only one specimen of Setaria spp. in each positive animal.
Immunomodulatory properties of chicken cathelicidin-2 investigated on an ileal explant culture
Authors: Mátis Gábor , Tráj Patrik , Hanyecz Viktória , Mackei Máté , Márton Rege Anna , Vörösházi Júlia , Kemény Ágnes , Neogrády Zsuzsanna , Sebők Csilla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance grows more crucial, the development of compounds that can replace antibiotics becomes increasingly vital. Chicken cathelicidin-2 (Cath-2) belongs to the group of Host Defense Peptides (HDPs), which could provide a feasible solution for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections in poultry. It is a small peptide produced by the heterophil granulocytes of chickens as part of the innate immune response, and its immunomodulatory activity has already been demonstrated in several cell types. In this study, the effects of Cath-2 on the intestinal immune response were examined using ileal explant cultures isolated from chicken. Regarding our results, Cath-2 displayed a potent anti-inflammatory effect as it alleviated the LTA-caused elevation of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-2 concentrations, and that of the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio, furthermore, it increased the concentration of IL-10, alleviating the LTA-evoked decreased level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine. Moreover, when applied alone, it elevated the concentrations of IL-6, CXCLi2, and IL-2, providing evidence of its complex immunomodulatory mechanisms. In summary, Cath-2 was able to modulate the immune response of the intestinal wall not only by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release, but also through immune stimulation, demonstrating that it has the ability to improve innate immunity via a complex mechanism that may make it a suitable candidate for the control of intestinal infections.
Assessing alternative lake management actions for climate change adaptation
Authors: Regev Shajar , Carmel Yohay , Gal Gideon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lake management actions are required to protect lake ecosystems that are being threatened by climate change. Freshwater lakes in semiarid regions are of upmost importance to their region. Simulations of the subtropical Lake Kinneret project that rising temperatures will cause change to phytoplankton species composition, including increased cyanobacteria blooms, endangering lake ecosystem services. Using lake ecosystem models, we examined several management actions under climate change, including two alternatives of desalinated water introduction into the lake, hypolimnetic water withdrawal, watershed management changes and low versus high lake water level. To account for prediction uncertainty, we utilized an ensemble of two 1D hydrodynamic—biogeochemical lake models along with 500 realizations of meteorological conditions. Results suggest that supplying desalinated water for local use, thus releasing more natural waters through the Jordan River, increasing nutrient flow, may reduce cyanobacteria blooms, mitigating climate change effects. However, these results are accompanied by considerable uncertainty.
IQB und SWK und ihr Beitrag zur Reform der Grundschule – Befindet sich die evidenzbasierte Reform in der Krise oder führt sie aus ihr heraus?
Authors: Eckermann Torsten 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel der IQB-Bildungstrend 2021 wird die Rolle des nationalen Bildungsmonitorings für das Initiieren von Reformen untersucht. Entfaltet wird die These, dass sich das IQB nicht allein als Datenlieferant begreift, sondern gemeinsam mit dem Beratungsgremium (SWK) als Reformakteur in Erscheinung tritt. Die Analyse des anvisierten Reformprogramms legt nahe, dass die Maßnahmen einer evidence-based-policy folgen. Es wird eine Expansion des Monitorings über die verschiedenen Bildungsetappen (von frühkindlicher Bildung bis zur Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung) angestrebt. Für die Grundschulforschung bieten die Reformabsichten wichtige Impulse und Diskussionsanstöße. Sie sind zugleich einer theoretisch und empirisch informierten Analyse, insbesondere im Hinblick auf nicht-intendierte Nebenfolgen, zu unterziehen. Die Reform strebt eine disparitätsmindernde Wirkung der Grundschule an und imaginiert einen zentralen Hebel (Evidenz, Diagnostik, Standardisierung) und eine pädagogische Monokultur. Unterstellt wird eine Homogenität (alle Kinder profitieren von mehr Diagnostik und Testung). Entgegen der Intention zur Verringerung des Anteils an „Risikokinder“ beizutragen, besteht jedoch die Gefahr ungewollt mehr „Risikokinder“ zu produzieren. Damit läuft die anvisierte Reform Gefahr, die eigentliche „Risikogruppe“ aus dem Auge zu verlieren, die begründet Anlass für Reformen gibt.
Cloud Responses to Abrupt Solar and CO2 Forcing: 2. Adjustment to Forcing in Coupled Models
Authors: Aerenson T. , Marchand R. , Zhou C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we examine differences in cloud adjustments (often called rapid adjustments) that occur as a direct result of abruptly increasing the solar constant by 4% or abruptly quadrupling of atmospheric CO2. In doing so, we devise a novel method for calculating the cloud adjustments for the abrupt solar forcing simulations that uses differences between coupled model simulations with abrupt solar and CO2 forcing, in combination with uncoupled, atmosphere‐only, abrupt CO2 forced experiments that have prescribed sea‐surface temperature. Our main findings are that (a) there are substantial differences in the responses of stratocumulus and cumulus clouds to solar and CO2 forcing, which follow the differences in the direct radiative effect that solar and CO2 forcing have at cloud top, and (b) there are differences in the adjustment of the average optical depth of high clouds to solar and CO2 forcing that we speculate are driven by the differences in the vertical profile of radiative heating and differences in the pattern of sea‐surface temperature change (for a fixed global mean temperature). These cloud adjustments contribute significantly to the total net cloud radiative effect, even after 150 years of simulation.
From Disorder to Order: Inheritance of Magnetic Remanence in Tetrataenite‐Bearing Meteorites From Multi‐Phase Micromagnetic Modeling
Authors: Devienne José A. P. M. , Berndt Thomas A. , Williams Wyn , Chen Shichu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn increasing amount of evidence suggests that the tetrataenite‐bearing cloudy zones (CZ) in iron and stony‐iron meteorites can preserve magnetic records of ancient magnetic activity of their parent bodies over solar system timescales. Tetrataenite islands in the CZ are nanometer‐sized (<200 nm) crystals that usually form through ordering from precursor taenite islands upon extremely slow cooling through 320°C. Recent micromagnetic models have shown that such precursor taenite islands form highly thermally stable single‐domain (SD) or single‐vortex states (SV). In this work we employ a 3D finite element multi‐phase micromagnetic modeling to show that tetrataenite inherits the magnetic remanence of taenite precursor when it forms over underlying SD states. When taenite forms SV states, however, tetrataenite resets the precursor magnetization and records a new remanence through chemical ordering at 320°C. We further assess the thermal stability of tetrataenite islands. We show that in cases where tetrataenite inherits the domain states of its precursor taenite, the origin of the remanence can be up to ∼105 years older than previously thought in fast‐cooled meteorites, and ∼1–≳6 Myr in slowly cooled meteorites. It indicates, therefore, that different regions across slowly cooled CZ record distinct stages of planetary formation.
A Pressure Projection Scheme With Near‐Spectral Accuracy for Nonhydrostatic Flow in Domains With Open Boundaries
Authors: Winters K. B. , Claret Mariona , Lelong M.‐Pascale , Ourmières Yann 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe describe a pressure projection scheme for the simulation of incompressible flow in cubic domains with open boundaries based on fast Fourier transforms. The scheme is implemented in flow_solve, a numerical code designed for process studies of rotating, density‐stratified flow. The main algorithmic features of the open‐boundary code are the near‐spectral accuracy of the discrete differentiation and a dynamic two‐dimensional domain decomposition that scales efficiently to large numbers of processors. The simulated flows are not required to be periodic or to satisfy symmetry conditions at the open boundaries owing to the use of mixed series expansions combining cosine and singular Bernoulli polynomial basis functions. These expansions facilitate the imposition of inhomogeneous boundary conditions and allow the code to be used for offline, one‐way nesting within an arbitrarily embedded subdomain of a larger scale simulation. The projection scheme is designed to exploit a simple and powerful numerical engine: inversion of Poisson's equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions using fast cosine transforms. Here, we describe the mathematical transformations used to accommodate the imposition of space‐ and time‐varying boundary conditions. The utility of the approach for process studies and for nesting within submesoscale‐resolving ocean models is demonstrated with simulations of wind‐driven near‐inertial waves in the upper ocean.
Validation of Simulated Statistical Characteristics of Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling in Global Geospace Simulations Over an Entire Carrington Rotation
Authors: Yin Qianfeng , Pham Kevin H. , Chen Junjie , Zhang Binzheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study the statistical features of magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) coupling using a two‐way M‐I model, the GT configuration of the Multiscale Atmosphere Geospace Environment (MAGE) model. The M‐I coupling characteristics, such as field‐aligned current, polar cap potential, ionospheric Joule heating, and downward Alfvénic Poynting flux, are binned according to the interplanetary magnetic field clock angles over an entire Carrington Rotation event between 20 March and 16 April 2008. The MAGE model simulates similar distributions of field‐aligned currents compared to empirical Weimer/AMPS models and Iridium observations and reproduces the Region 0 current system. The simulated convection potential agrees well with the Weimer empirical model and displays consistent two‐cell patterns with SuperDARN observations, which benefit from more extensive data sets. The Joule heating structure in MAGE is generally consistent with both empirical Cosgrove and Weimer models. Moreover, our model reproduces Joule heating enhancements in the cusp region, as presented in the Cosgrove model and observations. The distribution of the simulated Alfvénic Poynting flux is consistent with that observed by the FAST satellite in the dispersive Alfvén wave regime. These M‐I coupling characteristics are also binned by the Kp indices, indicating that the Kp dependence of these patterns in the M‐I model is more effective than the empirical models within the Carrington Rotation. Furthermore, the MAGE simulation exhibits an improved M‐I current‐voltage relation that closely resembles the Weimer model, suggesting that the updated global model is significantly improved in terms of M‐I coupling.
PlanetMag: Software for Evaluation of Outer Planet Magnetic Fields and Corresponding Excitations at Their Moons
Authors: Styczinski M. J. , Cochrane C. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpacecraft magnetic field measurements are able to tell us much about the planets' interior dynamics, composition, and evolutionary timeline. Magnetic fields also serve as the source for passive magnetic sounding of moons. Time‐varying magnetic fields experienced by the moons, due to relative planetary motion, interact electrically with conductive layers within these bodies (including salty subsurface oceans) to produce induced magnetic fields that are measurable by nearby, magnetometer‐equipped spacecraft. Many factors influence the character of the induced field, including the precise amplitude and phase of the time‐varying field, known as the excitation or driving field and represented by excitation moments. In this work, we present an open‐source Matlab software package named PlanetMag that features calculation of planetary magnetic field models available in the literature at arbitrary positions and times. The implemented models enable simultaneous inversion of the excitation moments across a range of oscillation frequencies using linear least‐squares methods and ephemeris data with the SPICE toolkit. Here we summarize the available magnetic field models and their associated coordinate systems. Precisely determined excitation moments are a critical input to forward models of global induced fields. Our results serve as a prerequisite to any precise comparison to spacecraft data for magnetic sounding investigation of giant planet moons—connecting the induced magnetic field to a moon's interior requires accurate representation of the oscillating excitation field. We calculate complex excitation moments relative to the J2000 epoch and share the results as ASCII tables compatible with related software packages intended for induction response calculations.
Did Short‐Term Preseismic Crustal Deformation Precede the 2011 Great Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake? An Examination of Stacked Tilt Records
Authors: Hirose Hitoshi , Kato Aitaro , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe detection of preslip, occurring hours to days before a large earthquake, using geodetic measurements has been a major focus in earthquake prediction research. A recent study claims to have detected a preseismic signal interpreted as accelerating slip near the hypocenter of the 2011 great Tohoku‐oki earthquake, starting approximately 2 hr before the mainshock. This claim is based on a stacking procedure using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data. However, a follow‐up study demonstrated that the signal disappeared when specific GNSS noise was corrected. Here we utilize tiltmeter records, independent on GNSS, to check whether the claimed preseismic signal is detected using a similar stacking procedure. Our results show no acceleration‐like deformation from 2 hr before the mainshock. This indicates that no precursory slip exceeded the noise level of the tilt data, and if any preslip occurred, it was less than 5.0 × 1018 Nm in seismic moment.
Molecular insights into regulatory RNAs in the cellular machinery
Authors: Yang Sumin , Kim Sung-Hyun , Yang Eunjeong , Kang Mingon , Joo Jae-Yeol 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is apparent that various functional units within the cellular machinery are derived from RNAs. The evolution of sequencing techniques has resulted in significant insights into approaches for transcriptome studies. Organisms utilize RNA to govern cellular systems, and a heterogeneous class of RNAs is involved in regulatory functions. In particular, regulatory RNAs are increasingly recognized to participate in intricately functioning machinery across almost all levels of biological systems. These systems include those mediating chromatin arrangement, transcription, suborganelle stabilization, and posttranscriptional modifications. Any class of RNA exhibiting regulatory activity can be termed a class of regulatory RNA and is typically represented by noncoding RNAs, which constitute a substantial portion of the genome. These RNAs function based on the principle of structural changes through cis and/or trans regulation to facilitate mutual RNA‒RNA, RNA‒DNA, and RNA‒protein interactions. It has not been clearly elucidated whether regulatory RNAs identified through deep sequencing actually function in the anticipated mechanisms. This review addresses the dominant properties of regulatory RNAs at various layers of the cellular machinery and covers regulatory activities, structural dynamics, modifications, associated molecules, and further challenges related to therapeutics and deep learning.
Mitochondria from osteolineage cells regulate myeloid cell-mediated bone resorption
Authors: Ding Peng , Gao Chuan , Zhou Jian , Mei Jialun , Li Gan , Liu Delin , Li Hao , Liao Peng , Yao Meng , Wang Bingqi , Lu Yafei , Peng Xiaoyuan , Jiang Chenyi , Yin Jimin , Huang Yigang , Zheng Minghao , Gao Youshui , Zhang Changqing , Gao Junjie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInteractions between osteolineage cells and myeloid cells play important roles in maintaining skeletal homeostasis. Herein, we find that osteolineage cells transfer mitochondria to myeloid cells. Impairment of the transfer of mitochondria by deleting MIRO1 in osteolineage cells leads to increased myeloid cell commitment toward osteoclastic lineage cells and promotes bone resorption. In detail, impaired mitochondrial transfer from osteolineage cells alters glutathione metabolism and protects osteoclastic lineage cells from ferroptosis, thus promoting osteoclast activities. Furthermore, mitochondrial transfer from osteolineage cells to myeloid cells is involved in the regulation of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and glutathione depletion alleviates the progression of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. These findings reveal an unappreciated mechanism underlying the interaction between osteolineage cells and myeloid cells to regulate skeletal metabolic homeostasis and provide insights into glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis progression.
A diamond-bearing core-mantle boundary on Mercury
Authors: Xu Yongjiang , Lin Yanhao , Wu Peiyan , Namur Olivier , Zhang Yishen , Charlier Bernard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAbundant carbon was identified on Mercury by MESSENGER, which is interpreted as the remnant of a primordial graphite flotation crust, suggesting that the magma ocean and core were saturated in carbon. We re-evaluate carbon speciation in Mercury’s interior in light of the high pressure-temperature experiments, thermodynamic models and the most recent geophysical models of the internal structure of the planet. Although a sulfur-free melt would have been in the stability field of graphite, sulfur dissolution in the melt under the unique reduced conditions depressed the sulfur-rich liquidus to temperatures spanning the graphite-diamond transition. Here we show it is possible, though statistically unlikely, that diamond was stable in the magma ocean. However, the formation of a solid inner core caused diamond to crystallize from the cooling molten core and formation of a diamond layer becoming thicker with time.
Direct in-situ imaging of electrochemical corrosion of Pd-Pt core-shell electrocatalysts
Authors: Shi Fenglei , Tieu Peter , Hu Hao , Peng Jiaheng , Zhang Wencong , Li Fan , Tao Peng , Song Chengyi , Shang Wen , Deng Tao , Gao Wenpei , Pan Xiaoqing , Wu Jianbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCorrosion of electrocatalysts during electrochemical operations, such as low potential - high potential cyclic swapping, can cause significant performance degradation. However, the electrochemical corrosion dynamics, including structural changes, especially site and composition specific ones, and their correlation with electrochemical processes are hidden due to the insufficient spatial-temporal resolution characterization methods. Using electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, we visualize the electrochemical corrosion of Pd@Pt core-shell octahedral nanoparticles towards a Pt nanoframe. The potential-dependent surface reconstruction during multiple continuous in-situ cyclic voltammetry with clear redox peaks is captured, revealing an etching and deposition process of Pd that results in internal Pd atoms being relocated to external surface, followed by subsequent preferential corrosion of Pt (111) terraces rather than the edges or corners, simultaneously capturing the structure evolution also allows to attribute the site-specific Pt and Pd atomic dynamics to individual oxidation and reduction events. This work provides profound insights into the surface reconstruction of nanoparticles during complex electrochemical processes.
Divergent evolution of sleep in Drosophila species
Authors: Joyce Michaela , Falconio Federica A. , Blackhurst Laurence , Prieto-Godino Lucia , French Alice S. , Gilestro Giorgio F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiving organisms synchronize their biological activities with the earth’s rotation through the circadian clock, a molecular mechanism that regulates biology and behavior daily. This synchronization factually maximizes positive activities (e.g., social interactions, feeding) during safe periods, and minimizes exposure to dangers (e.g., predation, darkness) typically at night. Beyond basic circadian regulation, some behaviors like sleep have an additional layer of homeostatic control, ensuring those essential activities are fulfilled. While sleep is predominantly governed by the circadian clock, a secondary homeostatic regulator, though not well-understood, ensures adherence to necessary sleep amounts and hints at a fundamental biological function of sleep beyond simple energy conservation and safety. Here we explore sleep regulation across seven Drosophila species with diverse ecological niches, revealing that while circadian-driven sleep aspects are consistent, homeostatic regulation varies significantly. The findings suggest that in Drosophilids, sleep evolved primarily for circadian purposes. The more complex, homeostatically regulated functions of sleep appear to have evolved independently in a species-specific manner, and are not universally conserved. This laboratory model may reproduce and recapitulate primordial sleep evolution.