bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rabeprazole‐based eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori: a large‐scale study in Japan
Authors: KUWAYAMA H. , ASAKA M. , SUGIYAMA T. , FUKUDA Y. , AOYAMA N. , HIRAI Y. , FUJIOKA T. ,   THE JAPAN RABEPRAZOLE STUDY GROUP
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground Large‐scale studies of rabeprazole‐based Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy have not been reported in Japan.Aims To evaluate H. pylori eradication by rabeprazole‐based therapy with reference to antibiotic susceptibility, CYP2C19 genotype, and rabeprazole and clarithromycin dosages.Methods From 35 centres 479 H. pylori‐positive patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer were randomized to four treatment groups: Group 1 (10 mg rabeprazole + 750 mg amoxicillin + 200 mg clarithromycin twice daily for 7 days); Group 2 (10 mg, 750 mg, 400 mg); Group 3 (20 mg, 750 mg, 200 mg) and Group 4 (20 mg, 750 mg, 400 mg).Results Eradication rates were 86% (102 of 119), 89% (97 of 109), 91% (106 of 116) and 90% (104 of 115) for Groups 1–4, respectively. The eradication rate was 95% (360 of 379) for clarithromycin‐susceptible strains, and 50% (30 of 60) for clarithromycin‐resistant strains. The eradication rates were 88% (332 of 379) and 96% (77 of 80) in extensive metabolizers and poor metabolizers, respectively.Conclusions Rabeprazole‐based therapies achieved 50% eradication of clarithromycin‐resistant H. pylori, and even achieved good rates in extensive metabolizers. Accordingly, rabeprazole can be recommended as part of a first‐line proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy for H. pylori.
Infliximab for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: outcomes in Oxford from 2000 to 2006
Authors: JAKOBOVITS S. L. , JEWELL D. P. , TRAVIS S. P. L. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground Infliximab has been shown to be of benefit in the treatment of ulcerative colitis but long‐term colectomy rates remain unknown.Aims To review the rate of colectomy after infliximab for ulcerative colitis and to identify factors that might predict the need for colectomy.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with active ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab between 2000 and 2006. The primary outcome was colectomy‐free survival. Disease and treatment characteristics and complications were documented.Results Thirty patients were treated with infliximab for refractory ulcerative colitis. Sixteen (53%) came to colectomy a median of 140 days after their first infusion (range 4–607). There was no difference in colectomy between those receiving infliximab for acute severe ulcerative colitis failing intravenous steroids (8/14) and out‐patients with steroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (8/16). Only 17% (5/30) achieved a steroid‐free remission after a median follow‐up of 13 months (range 2–72). Univariate analysis showed that a younger age at diagnosis of colitis was significantly associated with an increased rate of colectomy (27.5 years vs. 38.7 years, P = 0.016).Conclusion Over half the patients studied came to colectomy. Of those avoiding colectomy, only five (17%) sustained a steroid‐free remission.
Systematic review: renal and other clinically relevant outcomes in hepatorenal syndrome trials
Authors: TANDON P. , BAIN V. G. , TSUYUKI R. T. , KLARENBACH S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground Although reversal of pretransplant renal dysfunction in hepatorenal syndrome reduces post‐transplant complications, the overall impact on morbidity and mortality requires clarification.Aim To review trials of pharmacologic interventions in hepatorenal syndrome, with specific assessment of trial quality and study endpoints, including patient survival and renal outcome measures.Methods Literature search and selection was carried out by a single reviewer. Data extraction and quality analysis were carried out by two independent reviewers.Results Of 848 identified articles, 36 were eligible for inclusion. Twenty‐one were full‐text. Only 19% were randomized‐controlled trials. About 50% of studies included only Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome patients. Serum creatinine, urine output and urine sodium were the most common renal outcome measures. Only 42% defined a primary renal endpoint. About 88% of articles reported mortality rates.Conclusions Existing literature of pharmacologic agents for use in hepatorenal syndrome is limited by poor study design, including non‐randomization, heterogeneous study populations, lack of power, and limited use of clinically relevant outcomes. There is insufficient information in most trials to judge the impact of pharmacologic therapy on mortality or rates of transplantation. The validity of renal outcome measures as surrogate markers of more clinically relevant endpoints has not been established.
Review article: the role of antibiotics vs. conventional pharmacotherapy in treating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: FRISSORA C. L. , CASH B. D. 
Published: July 2010

summaryBackgroundThe concept of augmenting the management of irritable bowel syndrome with antibiotics is evolving, and many questions remain regarding this therapy relative to known and hypothesized irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology. The clinical evidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth as an important aetiology of irritable bowel syndrome continues to accumulate. Clinical symptoms of bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome are similar; however, a definitive cause‐and‐effect relationship remains unproven. It is unclear whether motility dysfunction causes bacterial overgrowth or gas products of enteric bacteria affect intestinal motility in irritable bowel syndrome.AimTo discusses the efficacy and tolerability of current symptom‐directed pharmacotherapies and of antibiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.MethodsA computerized search of PubMed was performed with search terms ‘IBS’, ‘pharmacotherapy’ and ‘antibiotics’. Relevant articles were selected, and the reference list of selected articles was reviewed to identify additional references.ResultsAntibiotic treatment benefits a subset of irritable bowel syndrome patients. The non‐absorbed antibiotic rifaximin has a favourable safety and tolerability profile compared with systemic antibiotics and demonstrates a therapeutic efficacy comparable with symptom‐based irritable bowel syndrome pharmacotherapies.ConclusionRifaximin is the only antibiotic with demonstrated sustained benefit beyond therapy cessation in irritable bowel syndrome patients in a placebo‐controlled trial. Whether antibiotics can improve quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome warrants further research.
Review article: possible beneficial effects of coffee on liver disease and function
Authors: CADDEN I. S. H. , PARTOVI N. , YOSHIDA E. M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackgroundCoffee is consumed by 50 percent of Americans every day. After oil, coffee is the second most valuable commodity in the world. In recent years a number of studies have suggested potential health risks associated with coffee consumption; however, the results are controversial. Whilst coffee has been reported to increase cardiovascular risk factors, other investigators have demonstrated its protective effects on diseases ranging from type 2 diabetes to Parkinson's disease. A number of investigators have focused their attention on the relationship between the consumption of coffee and liver disease.Aim  To examine the published literature to date in an attempt to establish the presence of an hepatoprotective effect of coffee.Methods  Using PubMed, we identified published studies and review articles relating to the effect of coffee consumption on diseases of the liver.Conclusion  A number of studies have reported the beneficial effects of coffee on abnormal liver biochemistry, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. At the present time the mechanism of this effect remains unclear as does the ‘‘dose’’ required to achieve these benefits.
Incidence and characterization of serum transaminases elevations in pegylated interferon and ribavirin treated patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: THURAIRAJAH P. H. , THORBURN D. , HUBSCHER S. , WHITE A. , LAI W. K. , O’DONNELL K. , MUTIMER D. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackgroundA virological response to pegylated‐interferon and ribavirin is typically associated with a prompt fall in serum transaminases. For some patients, transaminases rise during treatment.AimTo assess the frequency and define factors associated with elevations of serum transaminases.MethodsA total of 169 treated patients were studied. Transaminase elevations were graded by WHO criteria – grade 0: no value > baseline, grade 1: 1–2x baseline, grade 2: 2.1–5x baseline, grade 3: >5x, grade 4: any rise with evidence of liver failure.Results60/169 (35%) patients experienced transaminase elevations: 52 grade 1, 6 grade 2, 1 grade 3, 1 grade 4. Overall, end of treatment response and sustained virological response rates were 72% and 55%. Lower rates were observed in the grade 1 elevation group (63% and 40%) compared with patients with grade 0 (79% and 65%) and grade ≥2 elevations (85% and 71%). Grade 1 elevations tended to occur earlier during treatment than grade ≥2 elevations. Transaminase elevations were associated with greater pre‐treatment body weight (P = 0.006), steatosis (P = 0.008) and poorer sustained virological response rates (P = 0.007).ConclusionsTransaminase elevations during treatment of chronic Hepatitis C virus with pegylated interferon and ribavirin are common but rarely severe. Mild rises may reflect ongoing viral activity in treatment non‐responders. More significant rises are frequently observed despite a virological response, and may be because of an immuno‐modulating effect of interferon in susceptible patients.
Controlled study using wireless capsule endoscopy for the evaluation of the small intestine in chronic refractory pouchitis
Authors: CALABRESE C. , FABBRI A. , GIONCHETTI P. , RIZZELLO F. , MORSELLI C. , LIGUORI G. , POGGIOLI G. , CAMPIERI M. , FEBO G. DI 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackgroundPouchitis is a common long‐term complication after ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Chronic refractory pouchitis is a treatment‐resistant condition that affects 5–15% of patients.AimTo test the hypothesis of a small bowel involvement using wireless capsule endoscopy.Material and methodsThis is a single‐blind, prospective, cohort study. Twenty‐four patients: 16 were patients with chronic refractory pouchitis and eight, with a macroscopically and histologically normal ileal pouch, were considered as control subjects. Diagnosis of pouchitis was confirmed using the pouchitis disease activity index. All subjects were submitted to wireless capsule endoscopy procedure. Within 2 weeks before wireless capsule endoscopy, patients underwent a pouch endoscopy and a small bowel follow‐through. Re‐examination of the colonic surgical and histological specimens was also performed.ResultsOne patient with chronic pouchitis was excluded because of incomplete bowel cleaning. At small bowel follow‐through of 16 patients, two subjects (13%) showed only a focal ectasia of the middle ileum and a substenosis of the pouch. At wireless capsule endoscopy all the 15 evaluable patients with chronic pouchitis (100%) showed diffuse lesions from duodenum to ileum consisting of aphthae, erosions, erythema, atrophy, cobblestone, deep/fissural ulcers.ConclusionsThis enteropathy needs further research, and wireless capsule endoscopy could be useful to show involvement of small bowel in patients with chronic pouchitis.
A population‐based study of coeliac disease, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases
Authors: LUDVIGSSON J. F. , OLSSON T. , EKBOM A. , MONTGOMERY S. M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackgroundIt has been suggested that coeliac disease (CD) is associated with several neurological diseases. However, the evidence of such an association is inconclusive as earlier research has often been based on small numbers with retrospective data collection.AimTo use Cox regression to examine the risk of neurological disease in individuals with CD.MethodsThrough Swedish national registers we identified some 14 000 individuals with a diagnosis of CD (1964–2003) and 70 000 reference individuals matched for age, sex, calendar year and county.ResultsCoeliac disease was associated with later polyneuropathy [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.4; 95% CI = 2.3–5.1]. We found no statistically significant association between CD and subsequent multiple sclerosis (HR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.3–2.3), Parkinson’s disease (HR = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.8–1.9), Alzheimer’s disease (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.9–2.6), hereditary ataxia (HR = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.5–3.6), the symptom ataxia (HR = 1.9; 95% CI = 0.6–6.2), Huntington’s disease (HR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.3–8.6), myasthenia gravis (HR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.2–3.8) or spinal muscular atrophy (HR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.1–3.8). Prior polyneuropathy was associated with subsequent CD (odds ratio = 5.4; 95% CI = 3.6–8.2).ConclusionsThe association between CD and polyneuropathy indicates shared risks. We suggest that individuals with polyneuropathy routinely undergo screening for CD. There is no notable association between CD and other neurological outcomes investigated in this study.
The impact of eosinophilia and hepatic necrosis on prognosis in patients with drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: BJÖRNSSON E. , KALAITZAKIS E. , OLSSON R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground  Drug‐induced liver injury may be immunologically mediated or metabolically induced. Peripheral eosinophilia and liver eosinophilia in suspected drug‐induced liver injury generally supports the role of drug aetiology.Aim  To assess the importance of eosinophilia and hepatic necrosis on outcome in patients with suspected drug‐induced liver injury.Methods  We performed search of MEDLINE for case reports on drug‐induced liver injury associated with: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, carbamazepine, diclofenac, disulfiram, erythromycin, flucloxacillin, halothane, isoniazid, phenytoin, sulindac and trimethoprim/sulfametoxazol.Results  A total of 570 case reports were retrieved. Mortality/transplantation occurred in 112 (20%). Eosinophilia in peripheral blood was reported in 34% of cases, eosinophilia in liver biopsies in 40%, and hepatic necrosis in 41%. Bilirubin levels were lower in patients with peripheral eosinophilia [5.5 × upper limit of normal (interquartile range 2.9–10) vs. 7.7 (4–17); P = 0.02] and patients with liver eosinophilia [5 × upper limit of normal (2.7–10) vs. 10 (5.4–20); P = 0.003] as compared with those without eosinophilia. Eosinophilia in peripheral blood and eosinophilia in liver biopsies were more common in patients who recovered (37% vs. 15.6%; P = 0.0001 and 48% vs. 18.8%; P < 0.0001, respectively). Hepatic necrosis was present in 24% in the survivors vs. 84% in non‐survivors (P < 0.0001).Conclusions  In drug‐induced liver injury, a favourable outcome was related to the occurrence of eosinophilia, whereas hepatic necrosis was associated with a poor prognosis.
Review article: the management of steroid dependency in ulcerative colitis
Authors: PORRO G. BIANCHI , CASSINOTTI A. , FERRARA E. , MACONI G. , ARDIZZONE S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackgroundApproximately 20% of patients with ulcerative colitis have a chronic active disease often requiring several courses of systemic steroids in order to achieve remission, but followed by relapse of symptoms during steroid tapering or soon after their discontinuation. Although short term control of symptoms can be achieved with steroid treatment, this pattern of drug response, known as steroid‐dependency, leads to important complications of the treatment, while a significant proportion of patients requires colectomy.AimTo review the studies currently available specifically evaluating the management of steroid‐dependent ulcerative colitis.ResultsThe clinical and biological mechanisms of steroid‐dependency are not well understood compared with those determining steroid‐refractoriness. Very few evidence‐based data are available concerning the management of patients with steroid‐dependent ulcerative colitis. The therapeutic role of aminosalicylates, thiopurines, methotrexate, infliximab, leukocyte apheresis and other drugs in the treatment of steroid‐dependent ulcerative colitis are evaluated.ConclusionsOutcomes of studies in steroid‐refractory patients may not be applicable to steroid‐dependency. Trials are needed to define the correct approaches and new strategies to ameliorate the therapy of steroid‐dependent ulcerative colitis.
Oral mucosa of coeliac disease patients produces antiendomysial and antitransglutaminase antibodies: the diagnostic usefulness of an in vitro culture system
Authors: CARROCCIO A. , CAMPISI G. , IACONO G. , IACONO O. LO. , MARESI E. , DI PRIMA L. , COMPILATO D. , BARBARIA F. , ARINI A. , DI LIBERTO C. , PIRRONE G. , CRAXÌ A. , DI MARCO V. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground  Antiendomysial (EmA) and antitransglutaminase (anti‐tTG) antibodies are the most specific indirect marker of coeliac disease (CD). It is not known whether the oral mucosa of patients with CD is able to produce these antibodies or not.Aims  To evaluate the ability of the oral mucosa of patients with CD to produce antibodies in an in vitro culture system.Patients and methods  Twenty‐eight patients with new diagnosis of CD (15 adults and 13 children) and 14 adult subjects with other diseases (controls) were studied. All underwent oral mucosa biopsy and subsequent EmA and anti‐tTG assays on the mucosa culture medium.Results  Sensitivity and specificity of EmA and anti‐tTG assayed in the oral mucosa culture medium for CD diagnosis were 54% and 100% and 57% and 100%, respectively. The CD clinical presentation, such as the presence of oral mucosa lesions, did not influence the results of the EmA and anti‐tTG assays in the oral mucosa culture medium. There was an association between positivity of antibodies and greater severity of the oral mucosa lymphocyte infiltration.Conclusion  This study demonstrates that the oral mucosa contributes to EmA and anti‐tTG production in untreated patients with CD.
Age at onset of inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of surgery for non‐neoplastic bowel disease
Authors: TREMAINE W. J. , TIMMONS L. J. , LOFTUS E. V. , PARDI D. S. , SANDBORN W. J. , HARMSEN W. S. , THAPA P. , ZINSMEISTER A. R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground  There is conflicting data regarding the response to medical and surgical therapy for inflammatory bowel disease with respect to age at disease onset.Aim  To determine if the age at onset of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is a risk factor for surgery for non‐neoplastic bowel disease.Methods  This was a case–control study of patients evaluated between 1998 and 2001. Cases had undergone an initial operation for bowel disease. Controls were matched 1:1 for gender, disease subtype, date of first visit (±2 years), time from diagnosis prior to first visit (±3 years) and duration of follow‐up. Association with age, disease extent, smoking history, medication use and co‐morbidities vs. case/control status was assessed using multiple variable conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for undergoing surgery.Results  Among 132 Crohn’s patients, older patients had lower odds for surgery (OR per 5 years, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75–0.98). The rate of surgery for non‐neoplastic bowel disease was not significantly associated with disease distribution, co‐morbidities or cigarette smoking. Among 234 ulcerative colitis patients, the rate of surgery was unrelated to age, disease extent, co‐morbidities or cigarette smoking,Conclusions  For Crohn’s disease, but not ulcerative colitis, the risk of surgery for non‐neoplastic bowel disease decreases with increasing age at diagnosis, irrespective of disease distribution and history of cigarette smoking.
The Gastro‐oesophageal Reflux Disease Impact Scale: a patient management tool for primary care
Authors: JONES R. , COYNE K. , WIKLUND I. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground  Symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease have a substantial impact on patients’ everyday lives.Aim  To develop and test a short questionnaire to aid patient–doctor communication.Methods  The Gastro‐oesophageal Reflux Disease Impact Scale was developed from a systematic literature review, focus groups of patients and primary care physicians, and patient cognitive interviews. A psychometric validation study was conducted based on two consultations in new (n = 100) or chronic (n = 105) gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease patients.Results  The Gastro‐oesophageal Reflux Disease Impact Scale demonstrated internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.68 to 0.82), reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient in stable patients ranged from 0.61 to 0.72) and construct validity (Spearman correlations with Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia instrument and Reflux Disease Questionnaire: 0.5–0.8 in both patient groups). Effect sizes in new and chronic gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease patients ranged from 0.9 to 1.5 and 0.32 to 0.42, respectively. Doctors reported altering their treatment decision based on information provided by the Gastro‐oesophageal Reflux Disease Impact Scale in 35% of patients, and 77% of doctors found it to be useful.Conclusions  The Gastro‐oesophageal Reflux Disease Impact Scale demonstrated good psychometric properties in newly diagnosed gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease patients and those already receiving treatment. This simple communication tool is a useful aid for managing primary care patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients with mild to moderate drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: BJÖRNSSON E. , KALAITZAKIS E. , AV KLINTEBERG V. , ALEM N. , OLSSON R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAim To evaluate the long‐term prognosis of patients diagnosed with drug‐induced liver injury, and the nature of the liver injury.Methods Patients with a diagnosis of drug‐induced liver injury between 1994 and 2005 were identified in a university hospital clinic. Patients surviving drug‐induced liver injury‐associated liver failure were excluded.Results Seventy‐seven cases were identified and those who were alive (69) were invited to attend follow‐up. Of those patients who had died, none had died of liver disease. Of those patients who had survived, 59 were reviewed in the clinic. Patients had a median follow‐up of 48 months. Before the diagnosis of drug‐induced liver injury, nine had a chronic liver disease, four with autoimmune hepatitis, two with non‐alcoholic liver disease, one each with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. There was no evidence of progression of their liver disease during follow‐up. Among 50 patients without a known liver disease prior to the drug‐induced liver injury, 10 had abnormal liver tests. Diagnostic work‐up revealed alternative cause of liver disease in all except three patients (6%), who had asymptomatic abnormal liver tests (but normal bilirubin in all).Conclusions Chronic abnormalities in liver tests, not explained by an identified liver disease, are very rare in patients previously diagnosed with drug‐induced liver injury. This group of patients did not seem to have a clinically significant liver injury at long‐term follow‐up.