bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a battery support system for the prolonged activity of mobile robots
Authors: Saito Yasuo , Asai Kouhei , Choi Yongwoon , Iyota Taketoshi , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Kubota Yuzuru 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe majority of traditional power supply solutions for prolonged activity in mobile robots have involved work robots returning to a charge station to charge or exchange batteries. These methods have problems, such as interruption of the task and process and limitation of the robot's activity range. As a new approach of solving these problems, we have developed a battery support system that includes a robot dedicated to delivering fresh batteries. The battery support system is made up of a work robot, a support robot, a battery charge station, and a server PC to manage the entire system. The work robot in the system monitors its own battery power and location continuously while performing tasks assigned by the server PC. If the battery power falls below a certain threshold, the server PC commands the support robot to help the work robot. After the support robot approaches and docks with the work robot, the two robots exchange batteries using the attached battery exchange mechanism. In the present paper, the details of each mechanism of the system and the performance of the battery support system integrated with practical mechanics are described, and experimental results are presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(3): 60–71, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10284
Impedance characteristics analysis of the non‐contact magnetic type position sensor
Authors: Yang Seung‐ho , Hirata Katsuhiro , Ota Tomohiro , Mitsutake Yoshio , Kawase Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe mechanical contact‐type potentiometer that has been conventionally used as a position sensor is known to have the problems of contact reliability and lifetime. Therefore, we have developed a noncontact linear position sensor using impedance change based on displacement. In this paper, we evaluate the AC magnetization characteristics of the core material used for such a sensor, and investigate how to use the complex magnetic permeability in three‐dimensional finite element analysis. In addition, the impedance characteristics of the noncontact magnetic position sensor are calculated using the measured complex magnetic permeability of the core. The validity of our method is verified by comparing the measurements of the prototype to calculated values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(3): 33–40, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10302
Detection and Extraction of Waveform Shapes for Local Signals Using Characteristic Waveform Template
Authors: Takayama Jun‐Ya , Ohyama Shinji , Kobayashi Akira 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSince local signals appear time‐locally and their waveforms are steep, conventional signal processing methods are generally inadequate to detect them. In this paper, by focusing on amplitude distribution forms of an observed signal, a simple signal processing method is proposed to detect the local signals and extract their waveform shapes simultaneously. Concretely, a characteristic waveform template which consists of representative data series of a simplified target local signal is newly introduced, and a certain event regulated with it is adopted. The local signals can be detected by evaluating whether the amplitude distribution forms of observed signals are associated with the event, and substitution of conditional events for associated events improves detection performance. In addition, the proposed method has been extended to extract waveform shapes by introducing an enhanced waveform template, and automatic detection and extraction of waveform shapes can be performed simultaneously. The proposed method is applied to simulation signal data, and its effectiveness is confirmed by detection performance and extracted waveform shapes for the local signals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(3): 37–47, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21074
Synthesis of the Azocino[cd]indole Framework through Pd‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Acetylene Hydroarylation
Authors: Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Van Hove Sofie , Donets Pavel A. , Pereshivko Olga P. , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe regio‐ and stereoselective construction of the azocino[cd]indole core was achieved by applying a Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular acetylene hydroarylation protocol. The applicability of a similar strategy for the synthesis of the azepino[b]indole framework is demonstrated.
Amperometric Tyrosinase Biosensor Based on Carbon Nanotube‐Doped Sol‐Gel‐Derived Zinc Oxide–Nafion Composite Films
Authors: Lee Joong Min , Xu Guang‐Ri , Kim Byung Kun , Choi Han Nim , Lee Won‐Yong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA highly sensitive amperometric tyrosinase biosensor has been developed based on mesoporous composite films of carbon nanotube (CNT)–ZnO–Nafion composite film encapsulating tyrosinase on a glassy carbon electrode. Due to the mesoporous nature (diameter: 3.17 nm) of the composite film, the biosensor exhibits very fast response time of 2 s. The present biosensor shows an excellent sensitivity of 766 mA/M and a detection limit of 4.7×10−8 M (S/N=3) for phenol. The biosensor retains 88 % of its initial activity after 2 weeks of storage in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. The present biosensor exhibits good recovery for the spiked phenol in an industrial waste water sample.
Nanogold Spacing of Stacked Graphene Nanofibers for Supercapacitors
Authors: Scott Claire L. , Pumera Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGraphene exhibits great potential for energy storage devices in electrochemical supercapacitors as it is a light‐weight, inexpensive material. However, as graphene nanomaterials are prone to stacking and therefore blocking electroactive sites, its real capacity is low. Recently, there has been a significant interest in quasi 1D structures of carbon nanofibers with radially oriented graphene sheets, called stacked graphene nanofibers graphite nanofibers or nanoribbons. Such nanofibers exhibit an unparalleled amount of edge sites on their surface. In this study, we use gold nanoparticles as nanospacers for separating stacked graphene nanofibers. We investigate the dependence of the capacitance of stacked graphene nanofiber/nanogold nanocomposites upon the size of gold nanoparticles (2–150 nm) and the amount of gold nanospacers in the composite. It was found that properly sized gold nanoparticles (of 40 nm) used as nanospacers of both 45 nm and 90 nm diameter stacked graphene nanofibers can increase the capacitance of nanofibers by three times.
Systemic low‐molecular weight drug delivery to pre‐selected neuronal regions
Authors: Campbell Matthew , Humphries Marian M. , Kiang Anna‐Sophia , Nguyen Anh T. H. , Gobbo Oliviero L. , Tam Lawrence C. S. , Suzuki Mayu , Hanrahan Finnian , Ozaki Ema , Farrar G.‐Jane , Kenna Paul F. , Humphries Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe describe a procedure for controlled, periodic, reversible modulation of selected regions of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or the inner‐blood–retina barrier (iBRB) based on incorporation into an AAV‐2/9 vector of a doxycycline‐inducible gene encoding shRNA targeting claudin‐5, one of 30 or so proteins constituting the BBB and iBRB. The vector may be introduced stereotaxically into pre‐selected regions of the brain or into the retina, rendering these regions permeable to low‐molecular weight compounds up to approximately 1 kDa for the period of time during which the inducing agent, doxycycline, is administered in drinking water, but excluding potentially toxic higher molecular weight materials. We report on the use of barrier modulation in tandem with systemic drug therapy to prevent retinal degeneration and to suppress laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), the latter being the hallmark pathology associated with the exudative, or wet, form of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). These observations constitute the basis of a minimally invasive systemic therapeutic modality for retinal diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa and AMD, where, in early stage disease, the iBRB is intact and impervious to systemically administered drugs.→See accompanying Closeup by John J. Rossi DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201100132
A dynamic multimedia environmental and bioaccumulation model for brominated flame retardants in Lake Huron and Lake Erie, USA
Authors: Lim Dong-Hee , Lastoskie Christian M 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may pose a worldwide pollution problem because of their persistence, long-range transport capability, and predisposition to bioaccumulate. The ubiquitous presence of PBBs and PBDEs has heightened interest in determination of their fate. We report results for a fugacity-based dynamic environmental and bioaccumulation model of the fate of hexabromobiphenyl (hexaBB) discharged into the Saginaw Bay region of Lake Huron, USA. We calculated transient fugacity profiles of hexaBB in Lake Huron and Lake Erie water and sediment during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. The hexaBB concentrations in the environmental compartments were used as inputs for a dynamic bioaccumulation model of Lake Huron and Lake Erie aquatic biota. The model results indicate that the sediment compartments of Lakes Huron and Erie serve as reservoirs for the accumulation and slow transfer of hexaBB to the food web constituents of these lakes. We present bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and compare the predicted hexaBB concentrations in lake trout from the bioaccumulation model with measurements during the period 1980 to 2000. An uncertainty analysis for this model suggests that errors associated with input parameter uncertainty can be reduced by refining estimates of the sediment degradation half-life of hexaBB. The corroborated PBB model has carryover application for modeling the fate of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contaminants in the Great Lakes. By fitting model outputs to field measurement data using the transformed least square fit method, we report estimations of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) emission rates into the Lake Huron and Lake Erie watershed areas. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1018–1025. © 2011 SETAC
Nickel toxicity in embryos and larvae of the South American toad: Effects on cell differentiation, morphogenesis, and oxygen consumption
Authors: Sztrum Abelardo Andrés , D'Eramo José Luis , Herkovits Jorge 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Nickel, a widely distributed heavy metal in the biosphere, produces systemic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects. The objectives of the present study are to report the acute, short-term chronic, and chronic toxicity of Ni in Rhinella arenarum embryos as well as the stage-dependent susceptibility to this heavy metal, including oxygen consumption, teratogenesis, and adverse effects on cell differentiation processes. The stages evaluated were blastula (S.7), gastrula (S.11), tail bud (S.17), fin circulation (S.22), and complete operculum (S.25), in this last case by means of toxicity profile curves. Nickel increases its adverse effects gradually, with a maximum value after 96 h. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50s) for 96, 168, and 240 h at S.25 were 1.14, 0.60, and 0.48 mg Ni2+/L, respectively; S.11 and S.22 were the least and most susceptible to Ni with, LC50s 96 h of 6.12 and 0.19 mg Ni2+/L, respectively. A reduction of approximately 25% in oxygen consumption anticipates lethal effects from S.17 onward. The main teratogenic effects were retarded growth and development, extremely severe axis incurvations, persistent yolk plug, asymmetry, microcephaly and mouth and gill agenesia, and limited neuromuscular activity. Ciliated cells were not functional. The possibility of associating the remarkable stage-dependent susceptibility to Ni with environmental changes during the evolutionary process is also considered. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1146–1152. © 2011 SETAC
Inhibition of pyrene biotransformation by piperonyl butoxide and identification of two pyrene derivatives in Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta)
Authors: Carrasco Navarro Víctor , Brozinski Jenny-Maria , Leppänen Matti T , Honkanen Jani O , Kronberg Leif , Kukkonen Jussi V.K 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Using the freshwater annelid Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta), the presence of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes was investigated by analyzing metabolites of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pyrene in treatments with and without the CYP inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The results show a low biotransformation capability of L. variegatus (7% of total pyrene body burden as metabolites at 168 h). Addition of PBO resulted in a significant reduction of metabolites, suggesting the presence of a CYP in L. variegatus. Besides 1-hydroxypyrene, three peaks representing unknown metabolites were detected in LC-FLD (liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection) chromatograms of L. variegatus. Deconjugations showed that sulfonation and glucosidation are involved in the formation of these unknowns. Further studies with the time of flight mass analyzer provided the identification of the glucose-sulfate conjugate of 1-hydroxypyrene. The same metabolites were detected in the solvent-nonextractable fraction by incubation of the tissue residues with proteinase K, suggesting that part of these metabolites are bound to proteins. Overall, the slow biotransformation of pyrene by L. variegatus (involving CYP) supports the use of this species in standard bioaccumulation tests; however, the tissue-bound metabolite fraction described in the current study deserves further investigation for its toxicity and availability to upper trophic levels through diet. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1069–1078. © 2011 SETAC
Complex evaluation of ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of antimicrobials oxytetracycline and flumequine used in aquaculture
Authors: Zounková Radka , Klimešová Zdeňka , Nepejchalová Leona , Hilscherová Klára , Bláha Luděk 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of widely used veterinary antimicrobials oxytetracycline and flumequine was studied with six model organisms (Vibrio fischeri, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Lemna minor, Daphnia magna, Escherichia coli). Overall median effective concentration (EC50) values ranged from 0.22 mg/L to 86 mg/L. Pseudomonas putida was the most sensitive organism (EC50 values for 16-h growth inhibition were 0.22 and 0.82 mg/L for oxytetracycline and flumequine, respectively), followed by duckweed Lemna minor (7-d growth inhibition, EC50 2.1 and 3.0 mg/L) and green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (4-d growth inhibition, EC50 3.1 and 2.6 mg/L). The least sensitive organism was Daphnia magna (48-h immobilization, lowest-observed-effect concentration [LOEC] of oxytetracycline of 400 mg/L). Oxytetracycline showed limited genotoxicity (SOS-chromotest with Escherichia coli, minimal genotoxic concentration of 500 mg/L), and flumequine was genotoxic at 0.25 mg/L. Based on the reported measured concentrations (MECs) and predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs), oxytetracycline may be concluded to be of ecotoxicological concern (calculated risk quotient = 8), whereas flumequine seems to represent lower risk. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1184–1189. © 2011 SETAC
Chesapeake Bay watershed pesticide use declines but toxicity increases
Authors: Hartwell S. Ian 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Large areas of the Chesapeake Bay, USA, watershed are in agricultural land use, but there is no baywide program to track application rates of current-use pesticides in any of the watershed jurisdictions. Watershed studies demonstrate that several pesticides are present in surface and groundwater throughout the region. Between 1985 and 2004, the Maryland Department of Agriculture conducted surveys to estimate pesticide application within the state. Application rates of the dominant insecticides and herbicides were compiled over the survey period. Toxicity of the pesticides was tabulated, and the toxic units (TU) of applied active ingredients were calculated for several animal and plant species. The total mass of pesticides being applied to the watershed declined during the survey period. Due to increasing potency of the chemicals, however, total TUs applied have remained static or have significantly increased depending on the species of bioassay test organism used to assess toxicity. Applying estimates of pesticide transport into rivers in the Mississippi River basin show that significant quantities of pesticides may be entering Chesapeake Bay. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1223–1231. © 2011 SETAC
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by integration of cement plants, power plants, and CO2 capture systems
Authors: Romeo Luis M. , Catalina David , Lisbona Pilar , Lara Yolanda , Martínez Ana 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCement plants and power plants are two of the most significant sources of greenhouse gases emissions. Many CO2 reduction options have been proposed in literature for both sectors. They are mainly focused on CO2 capture in power plants, but, in the short‐term, industrial processes are going to play an important role in achieving this objective.In particular, one of the disadvantages in cement plants is that CO2 has two sources: fuel combustion and lime calcination. For this reason, proposed solutions could partially reduce a limited quantity of emissions. The sector is forced to use CO2 capture systems for further reductions. Preliminary results about the implementation of post‐combustion and oxyfuel combustion systems for CO2 capture show low energetic penalties and important emissions reduction. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis, not only of CO2 emissions, but of raw materials and its disposal, primary energy and waste energy, could give optimum results from an environmental, energetic, and economic perspective.The combination/integration by industrial symbiosis of a power plant, a cement plant and a CO2 capture system is proposed in this work. Calcium‐looping is chosen as the most suitable CO2 capture option for this application. The re‐use of waste CaO coming from CO2 capture in the cement plant, and the utilization of waste energy from a clinker cooling and capture system to produce additional power are the main advantages of this proposal. Process flow diagrams and heat and mass balances are calculated and presented in this work. Results show a low value of the CO2 avoided cost, 12.4 €/t, that is smaller than in any other combination of power plant with capture system or cement plant plus capture system, making this proposal economically very attractive. Moreover, an important amount of CO2 emissions is avoided ‐ 94% ‐ due to the energetic efficiency augmentation, the reduction of raw and decarbonizated materials, and the CO2 capture system. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
CO2 mineral sequestration: developments toward large‐scale application
Authors: Zevenhoven Ron , Fagerlund Johan , Songok Joel Kibiwot 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe years ahead will show whether CO2 mineral sequestration can be developed to a unit scale of the order of 1 Mt/a CO2 storage around the year 2020, offering additional large‐scale carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) capacity besides underground CO2 sequestration. Motivated by the slow deployment of large‐scale underground storage of CO2 or simply the availability of large amounts of suitable minerals, progress on mineral sequestration is being steadily made and reported by an increasing number of research teams and projects worldwide. Other well‐documented advantages of the method are that it offers leakage‐free CO2 fixation that does not require post‐storage monitoring and an overwhelmingly large capacity is offered by mineral resources available worldwide, besides the feature that the chemical conversion releases significant amounts of heat. As recognized more recently, it also offers the possibility to operate with a CO2‐containing gas directly, removing the expensive CO2 separation step from the CCS process chain. Moreover, the solid products can be used in applications ranging from land reclamation to iron‐ and steelmaking. With the technology overview given in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on CCS (2005) as a reference point, the method is reviewed and its capacity, weaknesses, and strengths are re‐assessed. The state‐of‐the‐art after twenty years of R&D work as reflected by ongoing development work inside and outside laboratories is summarized, illustrating the future prospects of CO2 mineralization within a portfolio of CCS technologies under development worldwide. Current developments include an increasing number of patents and patent applications and a trend toward scale‐up and demonstration. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
On carbon footprints and growing energy use
Authors: Oldenburg Curtis M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCould fractional reductions in the carbon footprint of a growing organization lead to a corresponding real reduction in atmospheric CO2 emissions in the next ten years? Curtis M. Oldenburg, Editor‐in‐Chief, considers his own organization's carbon footprint and answers this critical question?. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Kin relationship of caregivers and people with dementia: stress and response to intervention
Authors: Kim Kyungmin , Zarit Steven H. , Femia Elia E. , Savla Jyoti 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the effects of kin relationship on response to use of adult day services (ADS) on feelings of overload, depressive symptoms, and positive affect for family caregivers of people with dementia.MethodsThe sample consisted of 341 participants drawn from two studies of ADS. The studies used a quasi‐experimental design, comparing family caregivers enrolling their care receiver with dementia in an ADS program to a control group not using ADS. Using multilevel model analysis, we examined the main and interaction effects of kin relationship (wife vs. daughters/daughters‐in‐law), intervention (ADS vs. non‐ADS users), and time (baseline, 3 months, and 12 months) on overload, depressive symptoms, and positive affect.ResultsKin relationship affected the response to intervention but in a somewhat different way for each outcome measure. For depressive symptoms, both wives and daughters using ADS had lower scores over time compared to controls. Both wives and daughters using ADS had lower feelings of overload over time, but daughters had a greater decline and wives' scores on this measure dropped only to the level found among controls. For positive affect, wives using ADS showed a considerable decline over time.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that kin relationship is an important moderator of caregivers' response to intervention and warrant more attention both in the design and evaluation of interventions with family caregivers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.