bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced antitumoral efficacy and immune response following conditionally replicative adenovirus containing constitutive HSF1 delivery to rodent tumors
Authors: Fan Rong , Wang Cheng , Wang Yang , Ren Ping , Gan Pingping , Ji Hui , Xia Zian , Hu Suiyu , Zeng Qiongyao , Huang Wei , Jiang Yebin , Huang Xi 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising as anticancer agents but have limited clinical responses. Our previous study showed that heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) overexpression could increase the anti-tumor efficacy of E1B55kD deleted oncolytic adenovirus through increasing the viral burst. Due to the important roles of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in eliciting innate and adaptive immunity, we reasoned that besides increasing the viral burst, HSF1 may also play a role in increasing tumor specific immune response.

Methods
In the present study, intra-dermal murine models of melanoma (B16) and colorectal carcinoma (CT26) were treated with E1B55kD deleted oncolytic adenovirus Adel55 or Adel55 incorporated with cHSF1, HSF1i, HSP70, or HSP90 by intra-tumoral injection. Tumors were surgically excised 72 h post injection and animals were analyzed for tumor resistance and survival rate.

Results
Approximately 95% of animals in the Adel55-cHSF1 treated group showed sustained resistance upon re-challenge with autologous tumor cells, but not in PBS, Adel55, or Adel55-HSF1i treated groups. Only 50–65% animals in the Adel55-HSP70 and Adel55-HSP90 treated group showed tumor resistance. Tumor resistance was associated with development of tumor type specific cellular immune responses. Adel55-cHSF1 treatment also showed higher efficacy in diminishing progression of the secondary tumor focus than Adel55-HSP70 or Adel55-HSP90 treatment.

Conclusions
Besides by increasing its burst in tumor cells, cHSF1 could also augment the potential of E1B55kD deleted oncolytic adenovirus by increasing the tumor-specific immune response, which is beneficial to prevent tumor recurrence. cHSF1 is a better gene for neoadjuvant immunotherapy than other heat shock protein genes.
Novel classes of non-coding RNAs and cancer
Authors: Sana Jiri , Faltejskova Petra , Svoboda Marek , Slaby Ondrej 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFor the many years, the central dogma of molecular biology has been that RNA functions mainly as an informational intermediate between a DNA sequence and its encoded protein. But one of the great surprises of modern biology was the discovery that protein-coding genes represent less than 2% of the total genome sequence, and subsequently the fact that at least 90% of the human genome is actively transcribed. Thus, the human transcriptome was found to be more complex than a collection of protein-coding genes and their splice variants. Although initially argued to be spurious transcriptional noise or accumulated evolutionary debris arising from the early assembly of genes and/or the insertion of mobile genetic elements, recent evidence suggests that the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may play major biological roles in cellular development, physiology and pathologies. NcRNAs could be grouped into two major classes based on the transcript size; small ncRNAs and long ncRNAs. Each of these classes can be further divided, whereas novel subclasses are still being discovered and characterized. Although, in the last years, small ncRNAs called microRNAs were studied most frequently with more than ten thousand hits at PubMed database, recently, evidence has begun to accumulate describing the molecular mechanisms by which a wide range of novel RNA species function, providing insight into their functional roles in cellular biology and in human disease. In this review, we summarize newly discovered classes of ncRNAs, and highlight their functioning in cancer biology and potential usage as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
A taxonomy of cross layer routing metrics for wireless mesh networks
Authors: Bin Ngadi Md Asri , Ali Saqib , Abdullah Abdul Hanan , Khokhar Rashid Hafeez 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMulti-hop, multi-channel, and multi-radio wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are emerging as promising field of wireless technology with self-organizing and self-healing features for internet and real time applications, i.e., VoIP and Video over IP. Interoperability feature of WMNs have made them to integrate easily with other network technologies like wired networks, WiFi, WiMax, MANETs, and cellular networks. WMNs are gaining popularity due to their high network throughput which highly depends on the routing procedures. Routing algorithms like optimized link state routing protocol and dynamic source routing make efficient routing decisions on the basis of routing metrics which actually predict the cost of link quality. Most of the routing protocols and routing metrics implemented in WMNs are actually designed for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Since WMNs have different characteristics and limitations as compared to MANETs, so the routing metrics design for MANETs do not perform well in WMNs. Furthermore, quality of service (QoS) and throughput of the network in WMNs can be enhanced by using cross layer routing approach and by deploying multi-channel multi-radio (MCMR) scenarios in each relay node. This article discusses a design taxonomy, limitations and qualitative comparison of existing routing metrics for QoS in MCMR WMNs with respect to routing parameters, i.e., transmission rate, inter-flow interference, intra-flow interference, congestion, and channel diversity. Moreover, our taxonomy also opens the door up for new research areas in the design of cross layer routing metrics for MCMR radio WMNs for high throughput IP connectivity.
Molecular characterization of immunoinhibitory factors PD-1/PD-L1 in chickens infected with Marek’s disease virus
Authors: Matsuyama-Kato Ayumi , Murata Shiro , Isezaki Masayoshi , Kano Rika , Takasaki Sara , Ichii Osamu , Konnai Satoru , Ohashi Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
An immunoinhibitory receptor, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), are involved in immune evasion mechanisms for several pathogens causing chronic infections and for neoplastic diseases. However, little has been reported for the functions of these molecules in chickens. Thus, in this study, their expressions and roles were analyzed in chickens infected with Marek’s disease virus (MDV), which induces immunosuppression in infected chickens.

Results
A chicken T cell line, Lee1, which constitutively produces IFN-γ was co-cultured with DF-1 cells, which is a spontaneously immortalized chicken fibroblast cell line, transiently expressing PD-L1, and the IFN-γ expression level was analyzed in the cell line by real-time RT-PCR. The IFN-γ expression was significantly decreased in Lee1 cells co-cultured with DF-1 cells expressing PD-L1. The expression level of PD-1 was increased in chickens at the early cytolytic phase of the MDV infection, while the PD-L1 expression level was increased at the latent phase. In addition, the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 were increased at tumor lesions found in MDV-challenged chickens. The expressions levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 were also increased in the spleens and tumors derived from MDV-infected chickens in the field.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that the chicken PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has immunoinhibitory functions, and PD-1 may be involved in MD pathogenesis at the early cytolytic phase of the MDV infection, whereas PD-L1 could contribute to the establishment and maintenance of MDV latency. We also observed the increased expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 in tumors from MDV-infected chickens, suggesting that tumor cells transformed by MDV highly express PD-1 and PD-L1 and thereby could evade from immune responses of the host.
Comparison of linear mixed model analysis and genealogy-based haplotype clustering with a Bayesian approach for association mapping in a pedigreed population
Authors: Dashab Golam R , Kadri Naveen K , Shariati Mohammad M , Sahana Goutam 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Despite many success stories of genome wide association studies (GWAS), challenges exist in QTL detection especially in datasets with many levels of relatedness. In this study we compared four methods of GWA on a dataset simulated for the 15th QTL-MAS workshop. The four methods were 1) Mixed model analysis (MMA), 2) Random haplotype model (RHM), 3) Genealogy-based mixed model (GENMIX), and 4) Bayesian variable selection (BVS). The data consisted of phenotypes of 2000 animals from 20 sire families and were genotyped with 9990 SNPs on five chromosomes.

Results
Out of the eight simulated QTL, these four methods MMA, RHM, GENMIX and BVS identified 6, 6, 8 and 7 QTL respectively and 4 QTL were common across the methods. GENMIX had the highest power to detect QTL however it also produced 4 false positives. BVS was the second best method in terms of power, detecting all QTL except the one on chromosome 5 with epistatic interaction. Two spurious associations were obtained across methods. Though all the methods considered the full pedigree in the analyses, it was not sufficient to avoid all the spurious associations arising due to family structure.

Conclusions
Using several methods with divergent approaches for GWAS can be useful in gaining confidence on the QTL identified. In our comparison, GENMIX was found to be the best method in terms of power but it needs appropriate correction for multiple testing to avoid the false positives. This study shows that the issues of multiple testing and the relatedness among study samples need special attention in GWAS.
Attenuation of visceral nociception by α-bisabolol in mice: investigation of mechanisms
Authors: Leite Gerlânia de Oliveira , Fernandes Cícera Norma , de Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar , da Costa José Galberto Martins , Campos Adriana Rolim 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
We previously described the visceral antinociceptive property of α-bisabolol (BISA) in mouse models of visceral nociception induced by cyclophosphamide and mustard oil (MO). This study examined the effect of BISA in mouse models of visceral nociception induced by acetic acid, capsaicin, formalin, and the contribution of the nitric oxide system, α2, KATP, 5-HT3 and TRPV1 receptors to the effect of BISA on MO-evoked nociceptive behaviors. Mice were pretreated orally with BISA (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) or vehicle, and the pain-related behavioral responses to intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid or intracolonic injection of MO were analyzed.

Results
BISA significantly suppressed the nociceptive behaviors in a dose-unrelated manner. The antinociceptive effect of BISA (50 mg/kg) was show to be glibenclamide resistant, but it was not blocked by pretreatment with the other antagonists tested. In the open-field test that detects sedative or motor abnormality, mice received 50 mg/kg BISA did not show any per se influence in ambulation frequency.

Conclusions
However, their precise antinociceptive mechanisms of action have not been determined.
Risk Assessment Tool for Distant Recurrence After Platinum-Based Concurrent Chemoradiation in Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Kang Sokbom , Nam Byung-Ho , Park Jeong-Yeol , Seo Sang-Soo , Ryu Sang-Young , Kim Jae Weon , Kim Seung-Cheol , Park Sang-Yoon , Nam Joo-Hyun 
Published: May 2012

Purpose Our study aimed to develop a model to predict distant recurrence in locally advanced cervical cancer, which can be used to select high-risk patients in enriched clinical trials. Patients and Methods Our study was a retrospective analysis of a multi-institutional cohort of patients treated between 2001 and 2009. According to the order of data submission, data from three institutions were allocated to a model development cohort (n = 434), and data from the remaining two institutions were allocated to an external validation cohort (n = 115). Patient information including [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) data and clinical outcome was modeled using competing risk regression analysis to predict 5-year cumulative incidence of distant recurrence. Results The competing risk analysis revealed that the following four parameters were significantly associated with distant recurrence: pelvic and para-aortic nodal positivity on FDG-PET, nonsquamous cell histology, and pretreatment serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels. This four-parameter model showed good discrimination and calibration, with a bootstrap-adjusted concordance index of 0.70. Also, the validation set showed good discrimination with a bootstrap-adjusted concordance index of 0.73. A user-friendly Web-based nomogram predicting 5-year probability of distant recurrence was developed. Conclusion We have developed a robust model to predict the risk of distant recurrence in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Further, we discussed how the selective enrichment of the patient population could facilitate clinical trials of systemic chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer.
Telos and Temporality: Phenomenology and the Experience of Time in Lewin's Study of Perception
Authors: Moshaver Maryam A. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
In his 1986 essay on the intersections between music theory, phenomenology, and perception, David Lewin develops a heuristic model through which to come to terms with the constitution of multiple and heterogeneous perceptions of musical events. One of his principal vehicles for demonstrating this phenomenological turn is the well-known analysis of Schubert's “Morgengruß.” The present article considers the ramifications of Lewin's methodology, particularly with respect to the experience of time that emerges from Lewin's mobilization of the heuristic perception model, by approaching it from the perspective of Husserl's Phenomenology of Internal Time Consciousness. This perspective reveals a superposition of temporalities as well as a superposition of languages as the underlying factors through which Lewin's analysis is produced.
A Preliminary Investigation of NSCL/P Plasma and Urine in Guizhou Province in China Using NMR-Based Metabonomics
Authors: Lei Huang Guang , Hong Luo , Kun Song Ju , Hai Yin Xin , Dong Wang Ya , Ke Zhao , Ping Xu , Hao Chen 
Published: May 2012

Objective To assess the feasibility of metabonomics in clinical studies. This is a pilot study introducing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)–based metabonomics to elucidate and compare the metabolism of patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) and children without orofacial clefts. Methods High-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy was performed on plasma and urine samples obtained from NSCL/P and healthy children. The 1H NMR spectra were further analyzed with principal component analysis. Results Compared to the control group, the level of low-molecular-weight metabolites in plasma such as asparagine was higher in NSCL/P patients, while arginine, lysine, acetate, lactate, proline, glutamine, pyruvate, creatinine, choline, and β-glucose were lower. The carnitine, citrate, and formate excretion in urine appeared to be higher in the healthy children, while the NSCL/P group excreted higher concentrations of aspartic acid and phenylalanine in urine. Conclusion The present study clearly demonstrated the great potential of NMR-based metabonomics in elucidating NSCL/P plasma metabolism and the possible application of this technology in clinical diagnosis and screening.
Comparative Study of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Versus Escherichia coli‐Derived Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 Using the Critical‐Size Supraalveolar Peri‐Implant Defect Model
Authors: Lee Jaebum , Lee Eui Nam , Yoon James , Chung Sung‐Min , Prasad Hari , Susin Cristiano , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: May 2012

Background: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell‐derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) has been introduced for spine, long bone, and craniofacial indications. Escherichia coli‐ (E. coli) derived rhBMP‐2 displays comparable efficacy to CHO cell‐derived rhBMP‐2 in vitro and in small‐animal models. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of E. coli‐derived rhBMP‐2 compared to the benchmark CHO cell‐derived rhBMP‐2 using an established large‐animal model.Methods: Contralateral, critical‐size supraalveolar peri‐implant defects in six adult male Hound Labrador mongrel dogs received CHO cell‐ or E. coli‐derived rhBMP‐2 (0.2 mg/mL) in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier. In each quadrant, three dental implants were placed. A titanium mesh device was used to support space provision. The animals received fluorescent bone markers for qualitative evaluations. Animals were euthanized at 8 weeks for histopathologic and histometric evaluation.Results: Clinical healing included significant swelling, but none of the animals experienced wound dehiscences. CHO cell‐ and E. coli‐derived rhBMP‐2 supported comparable bone formation (new bone area, 35.8 ± 3.6 versus 30.1 ± 2.2 mm2; bone density, 31.8% ± 1.6% versus 35.6% ± 2.5%; and osseointegration, 32.9% ± 7.4% versus 33.7% ± 8.1%) without statistically significant differences between treatments. Newly formed immature delicate trabecular bone in fibrovascular marrow filled the space underneath the titanium mesh and extended coronally above the mesh. Seroma formation was frequently observed. There were no discernable qualitative histologic differences between treatments.Conclusion: CHO cell‐ and E. coli‐derived rhBMP‐2 in an ACS carrier appear equally effective at inducing local bone formation in support of dental implant osseointegration.
Enamel Matrix Derivative, Alone or Associated With a Synthetic Bone Substitute, in the Treatment of 1‐ to 2‐Wall Periodontal Defects
Authors: De Leonardis Dario , Paolantonio Michele 
Published: May 2012

Background: In this study, we compare the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) associated with a hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate (HA/β‐TCP) implant to EMD alone and to open‐flap debridement (OFD) when surgically treating 1‐ to 2‐wall intrabony defects.Methods: Thirty‐four patients, exhibiting ≥3 intraosseous defects in different quadrants, were each treated by OFD, EMD, or EMD + HA/β‐TCP in each defect. At baseline and 12 and 24 months, a complete clinical and radiographic examination was done. Pre‐therapy and post‐therapy clinical (probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and gingival recession [GR]) and radiographic (defect bone level [DBL] and radiographic bone gain [RBG]) parameters for the different treatments were compared.Results: After 12 and 24 months, almost all the clinical and radiographic parameters showed significant changes from baseline within each group (P <0.001). Differences in PD, CAL, and DBL scores were also seen among the three groups at the 12‐ and 24‐month visits (P <0.001). At 12 and 24 months after treatment, the EMD + HA/β‐TCP group showed significantly greater PD reduction (4.00 ± 0.42 mm; 4.25 ± 0.63 mm), CAL gain (3.47 ± 0.65 mm; 3.63 ± 0.91 mm), and RBG (3.17 ± 0.69 mm; 3.35 ± 0.80 mm) and less GR increase (0.56 ± 0.37 mm; 0.63 ± 0.42 mm) compared with the OFD and EMD groups (P <0.05).Conclusion: Our data support the hypothesis that the adjunct of an HA/β‐TCP composite implant with EMD may improve the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the surgical treatment of unfavorable intrabony defects.
The Clinical Effect of Scaling and Root Planing and the Concomitant Administration of Systemic Amoxicillin and Metronidazole: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zandbergen Dina , Slot Dagmar E. , Cobb Charles M. , Van der Weijden Fridus A. 
Published: May 2012

Background: The treatment of periodontitis frequently begins with a non‐surgical phase that includes scaling and root planing (SRP) and, on occasion, the use of systemic antibiotics. The goal of this review is to systematically evaluate the data concerning the effect of the concomitant administration of amoxicillin and metronidazole adjunctive to SRP in adults who are otherwise healthy.Methods: The PubMed‐MEDLINE, Cochrane‐Central, and EMBASE databases were searched to April 1, 2012, to identify appropriate studies. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing, and plaque index were selected as outcome variables. Based on the extracted mean values and number of individuals, changes in weighted means were calculated and a meta‐analysis conducted.Results: The search yielded 526 unique titles and abstracts. Ultimately, 35 studies were selected, describing 28 clinical trials meeting the eligibility criteria. The full‐mouth weighted mean change for PD showed an improvement of 1.41 mm. The full‐mouth weighted mean change for CAL showed a gain of 0.94 mm.Conclusion: Systemic antimicrobial therapy using a combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole as an adjunct to SRP can enhance the clinical benefits of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in adults who are otherwise healthy.
Elevated Levels of a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 8 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients With Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Khongkhunthian Sakornrat , Techasatian Prattana , Supanchart Chayarop , Bandhaya Panwadee , Montreekachon Pattanin , Thawanaphong Saranya , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai 
Published: May 2012

Background: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) is involved in inflammation and is essential for osteoclastogenesis. Elevated ADAM8 levels are detected in human serum and other body fluids in several inflammatory conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized that ADAM8 levels are also raised in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with periodontal diseases.Methods: Forty‐five patients with periodontal diseases (n = 15 for each group: the group of patients with gingivitis, the group with aggressive periodontitis [AgP], and the group with chronic periodontitis [CP]) and 15 volunteers who exhibited healthy gingiva were recruited. Four periodontal parameters, gingival index, plaque index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level, were recorded before GCF collection. The presence of ADAM8 in GCF was shown by immunoblotting using anti‐human ADAM8 polyclonal antibody against its prodomain, and the ADAM8 levels were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Four immunoreactive bands at 120, 70, 50, and <30 kDa were detected in the groups of patients with periodontitis, whose intensities were stronger than those in the group of patients with gingivitis, consistent with significantly greater ADAM8 levels in both groups of patients, with either CP or AgP, than those in the group of patients with gingivitis and in the group that was healthy (P <0.001). Moreover, the ADAM8 levels correlated significantly with the four periodontal parameters (P <0.001), indicating that ADAM8 levels are positively associated with the degree of periodontal tissue inflammation and destruction.Conclusions: The ADAM8 levels are elevated in the GCF of patients with periodontal diseases, including gingivitis, CP, and AgP, in comparison to control participants who are healthy, and they correlate with four clinical parameters that reflect the degree of disease severity.