bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salinisation in Bulgaria: Institutional settings for soil conservation (a case study of Belozem village)
Authors: Penov I. , Manolov I. , Alexiev A. , Kavardziev Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSoil salinisation is one of the major soil degradation problems for Southern European countries and global warming is expected to increase the threat of secondary salinisation. This paper investigates salinisation in the village of Belozem, Bulgaria. The central argument is that the technical solutions and policy measures need to be backed up by appropriate institutional settings. This paper focuses on the natural and institutional factors involved. Further, it examines the causes driving the current salinisation process in this village. It is based on data collected by means of interviews with local people, and analysis of the existing farming practices and policy. The paper concludes that the new institutional settings do not support the technical decisions implemented in the past, and the implementation of possible new technical measures. The findings of this paper could provide lessons for land conservation policy that may apply beyond the case study region. The implementations of technical solutions need to be supported by appropriate institutions. The formal legislation and the incentive measures might not have the desired impact if cooperation among all participants is not sufficient or if farmers are discouraged from applying because of difficult application procedures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing watchful waiting: Exploring trajectories of illness uncertainty and fatigue
Authors: Bailey Donald E. , Barroso Julie , Muir Andrew J. , Sloane Richard , Richmond Jacqui , McHutchison John , Patel Keyur , Landerman Lawrence , Mishel Merle H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe identified trajectories of illness uncertainty in chronic hepatitis C patients and examined their association with fatigue levels during 12 months of disease monitoring without treatment (watchful waiting). Sixty‐two men and 63 women completed uncertainty and fatigue measures. Groups were formed by uncertainty scores (high, medium, and low) at baseline. Baseline fatigue levels were higher in the high uncertainty group than in the medium and low groups. Over time, uncertainty levels did not change. Fatigue levels in the low uncertainty group remained constant, increased in the medium, and decreased in the high groups. Findings suggest that uncertainty and fatigue do not remit spontaneously. Being aware of this may help nurses identify those patients needing support for these two concerns. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:465–473, 2010
Imaging mass spectrometry of myxoid sarcomas identifies proteins and lipids specific to tumour type and grade, and reveals biochemical intratumour heterogeneity
Authors: Willems Stefan M , van Remoortere Alexandra , van Zeijl René , Deelder André M , McDonnell Liam A , Hogendoorn Pancras CW 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMyxofibrosarcoma and myxoid liposarcomas are relatively common soft tissue tumours that are characterized by their so‐called myxoid extracellular matrix and have to some extent overlap in histology. The exact composition and potential role of their myxoid extracellular matrix are insufficiently understood. To gain more insight into the biomolecular content of these tumours, we have studied 40 well‐documented myxofibrosarcoma and myxoid liposarcoma cases using imaging mass spectrometry. This technique provides a multiplex biomolecular imaging analysis of the tissue, spanning multiple molecular domains and without a priori knowledge of the tissue's biomolecular content. We have developed experimental protocols for analysing the peptide, protein, and lipid content of myxofibrosarcoma and myxoid liposarcomas, and have detected proteins and lipids that are tumour‐type and tumour‐grade specific. In particular, lipid changes observed in myxoid liposarcomas could be related to pathways known to be affected during tumour progression. Unsupervised clustering of the biomolecular signatures was able to classify myxofibrosarcoma and myxoid liposarcomas according to tumour type and tumour grade. Closer examination of histologically similar regions in the tissues revealed intratumour heterogeneity, which was a consistent feature in each of the myxofibrosarcomas studied. In intermediate‐grade myxofibrosarcoma, it was found that single tissue sections could contain regions with biomolecular profiles similar to high‐grade and low‐grade tumours, and that these regions were associated with the tumour's nodular structure, thus supporting a concept of tumour progression through clonal selection. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudes of pregnant women regarding termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality
Authors: Souka A. P. , Michalitsi V. D. , Skentou H. , Euripioti H. , Papadopoulos G. K. , Kassanos D. , Messinis I. E. , Salamalekis E. E 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo study the attitudes of pregnant women towards termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality.Materials and methodsA questionnaire was completed by all pregnant women attending routine ultrasound scan. They were asked whether they would opt for termination of the pregnancy in case the fetus was diagnosed with one of the following abnormalities: lethal anomaly, anomaly causing developmental delay, anomaly causing physical handicap, anomaly causing disfigurement and severe anomaly diagnosed after 24 weeks of pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of a variety of demographic and socio‐economic characteristics in their choices.ResultsA total of 533 women completed the questionnaire out of which 447 (86%) would terminate the pregnancy in case of lethal fetal anomaly. The corresponding figures for anomaly causing developmental delay, anomaly causing physical handicap and anomaly causing disfigurement were 396 (77.8%), 332 (65.9%) and 228 (45.2%). A total of 313 (64.7%) would request late termination owing to severe anomaly. The only two statistically significant factors that influenced the maternal decision on pregnancy termination were religious beliefs and the frequency of practicing religious duties (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe majority of pregnant women would terminate pregnancy for lethal fetal anomaly and for an anomaly causing mental or physical handicap, even in late pregnancy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ancillary benefits of prenatal maternal serum screening achieved in the California program
Authors: Kazerouni, N. Neely , Currier Robert J. , Hodgkinson Christina , Goldman Sara , Lorey Fred , Roberson Marie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the extent of fetal structural abnormalities, other than neural tube and abdominal wall defects (AWDs), identified by California's Prenatal Screening Program.MethodsThe Quad Marker Prenatal Screening records of 516,172 women were examined for screening interpretation and the diagnosis of structural abnormalities detected via follow‐up. Women who were screen‐positive for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, neural tube defects (NTDs) or Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS) received follow‐up services at state‐approved Prenatal Diagnosis Centers (PDCs). Detailed reports of services and diagnostic information were linked in a database to the original screening results.ResultsA total of 26 323 women received follow‐up ultrasound services at the PDCs in the study time period. Of these women, 1085 (4.1%) were identified as having fetuses with significant structural abnormalities, other than NTDs (n = 207) or AWDs (n = 254). In addition to the structural abnormalities, 225 cases of fetal demise, 4 molar pregnancies, 15 cases of twin‐to‐twin transfusion, and 92 cases with placental abnormalities were identified.ConclusionWhile Prenatal Screening Programs do not explicitly screen for structural abnormalities other than NTDs and AWDs, clearly many other structural abnormalities may be associated with a screen‐positive status. Thus, the detection of these additional structural defects can be considered an ancillary program benefit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization and characterization of polyaniline/iron oxide nanoparticle composite
Authors: Khan Aslam , Aldwayyan Abdullah S , Alhoshan Mansour , Alsalhi Mohamad 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is a well‐studied material and is the pre‐eminent electrically conducting organic polymer with the potential for a variety of applications such as in batteries, microelectronics displays, antistatic coatings, electromagnetic shielding materials, sensors and actuators. Its good environmental as well as thermal stability and electrical conductivity tunable by appropriate doping make PANI an ideal active material for several applications. In this paper, we report the synthesis of water‐dispersible colloidal PANI/iron oxide composite nanoparticles using an in situ chemical oxidation polymerization method in a micellar medium of sodium dodecylsulfate, where the cores (iron oxide) are embedded in a PANI matrix layer. Transmission electron micrographs showed evidence of the formation of an iron oxide core/PANI shell composite with a thin layer of PANI over the iron oxide cores. The results of thermogravimetric, Fourier transform infrared and UV‐visible analysis indicated that the iron oxide nanoparticles could improve the composite thermal stability possibly due to the interaction between iron oxide particles and PANI backbone. We believe that the synthetic route described can also be adapted for the assembly of hierarchical structures of other metal oxides or hydroxides onto various cores. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Low expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit Mdα2 in neonicotinoid‐resistant strains of Musca domestica L.
Authors: Markussen Mette DK , Kristensen Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Neonicotinoid action as well as resistance involves interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In the housefly, neonicotinoid resistance also involves cytochrome P450, as indicated by bioassay with synergist as well as altered expression. In bioassay, synergism was only partial and indicated possible target‐site resistance. The nAChR α2 subunit is important in neonicotinoid toxicity to insects, and gene expression of the Mdα2 subunit was investigated in field populations and laboratory strains of neonicotinoid‐resistant and insecticide‐susceptible houseflies, Musca domestica L. The genomic sequence covering exon III–VII of Mdα2 was analysed for mutations.RESULTS: Gene expression profiling of Mdα2 revealed notable differences between neonicotinoid‐resistant and insecticide‐susceptible houseflies. On average, the neonicotinoid‐resistant field population 766b and the imidacloprid selected strain 791imi had 60% lower copy numbers of Mdα2 compared with the susceptible reference strain. Sequencing of exon III–VII of the Mdα2, encoding acetylcholine binding‐site regions and three out of four transmembrane domains, did not reveal any mutations explaining the increased neonicotinoid tolerance in the strains examined.CONCLUSION: Previous discoveries and the results of this study suggest that the neonicotinoid resistance mechanism in Danish houseflies involves both cytochrome P450 monooxygenase‐mediated detoxification and reduced expression of the nAChR subunit α2. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Heating rate effects on the TL characteristics of hot filament CVD diamond film
Authors: Cruz‐Zaragoza E. , Gastélum S. , Quispe R. , Meléndrez R. , Pedroza‐Montero M. , Barboza‐Flores M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve of polycrystalline chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond is strongly dependent on the heating rate used. In the present work, we report results about the heating rate effects on a 500 µm hot filament (HF) CVD diamond film grown on silicon substrate using a precursor gas mixture composition of CH4(5 sccm)–CO(10 sccm)–H2(400 sccm). The irradiations were performed with 60Co source. The TL measurements were carried out at different heating rates in the 2–30 K/s range. As the heating rate increases, the maximum TL peak intensity decreases and shifts to higher temperature. The shift was from 578 to 669 K for heating rates of 2 and 30 K/s, respectively. The kinetics parameter and its dependence on the heating rate were evaluated using the Chen's peak shape method and a computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) method.
Linear–supralinear–sublinear beta‐ray dose dependences of TL, OSL and afterglow in undoped CVD diamond
Authors: Chernov V. , Piters T. , May P. W. , Meléndrez R. , Pedroza‐Montero M. , Barboza‐Flores M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe thermoluminescence (TL), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and afterglow (AG) properties of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond film irradiated by beta rays with doses from 0.5 to 1000 Gy have been studied. The film (23 µm) was grown for 47 h on monocrystalline silicon. The TL dose responses are similar for all the peaks and exhibit the typical linear–supralinear–sublinear behaviour. The supralinear growth starts at about 1.0 Gy and goes up to 100 Gy. At higher doses the dose responses go to saturation. The AG and OSL dose responses are similar to the TL one and exhibit the supralinear–sublinear behaviour. The linear part (if it exists) is not observed due to low AG and OSL intensity at doses lower than 2.0 Gy. The diamond film that had been irradiated with high doses, partially preheated and irradiated again with low test dose, exhibits increased TL, OSL and AG sensitivity that can be considered as a mixture of the supralinearity and sensitization. Pure sensitization is observed for the 350 and 400 K TL peaks and AG after preheating the sample to temperatures higher than 500 K. This sensitization gradually decreases from 10 to 1 as the preheating increases from 500 to 770 K.
Surface characterization of quinhydrone–methanol and iodine–methanol passivated silicon substrates using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Chhabra Bhumika , Weiland Conan , Opila Robert L. , Honsberg Christiana B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHydrogen‐terminated silicon substrates were passivated with quinhydrone–methanol (QHY/ME) and iodine–methanol (I2/ME), and the chemical changes occurring at the surface were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS surface studies demonstrate that QHY/ME passivation provides reduced oxidation, less carbon contamination, and a chemically inert surface. Electrical characterization also demonstrates higher minority carrier lifetimes of QHY/ME passivated substrates as compared to I2/ME passivated substrates. The quality of surface treatment was also characterized using the contact angle measurement, which confirms the presence of a hydrophobic organic layer on the surface after QHY/ME passivation.magnified imageSi2pXPS spectra of the QHY/ME, I2/ME samples, and H‐terminated silicon. With a peak at 102.9 eV for I2/ME, it is evident that it provides poor surface passivation than QHY/ME where no surface oxidation is observed.
First‐principles study on structural, electronic and magnetic properties of iron nanowire encapsulated in carbon nanotube
Authors: Wang Su‐Fang , Zhang Yan , Chen Li‐Yong , Zhang Jian‐Min , Xu Ke‐Wei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Fe nanowire encapsulated in zigzag CNTs have been investigated systematically using the first‐principles PAW potential within DFT under GGA. Among the seven Fe‐encapsulated C cables, only the (8,0) nanocable is formed endothermically, the other larger cables are formed exothermically. Therefore, it is expected that thicker Fe nanowires would be pulled spontaneously into larger CNTs by forces amounting to a fraction of a nanonewton. The high spin polarization and magnetic moments of the Fe‐encapsulated C cables coming solely from the Fe nanowire imply the Fe‐encapsulated C cables can be appropriate to various applications such as spintronics, high‐density magnetic storage, and magnetically guided drug‐delivery systems.
Transparent conductive CuI thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Zhu B. L. , Zhao X. Z. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCuprous iodide (CuI) thin films were prepared by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, and the effects of the laser energy and substrate temperature on the structure and optical–electrical properties were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmittance spectra, and resistivity measurements. At a substrate temperature of room temperature (RT), thin films include highly crystallized and (111)‐orientation preferred γ‐CuI and trace I2O5 phases, and have resistivity of the order of 10−1 Ω cm, average transmittance of about 80% at 410–1000 nm, and the bandgap (Eg) of 3.01 eV at different laser energies. At the same laser energy of 250 mJ/pulse, phase structure, and Eg of the films are uniform as substrate temperature increases to 350 °C, but the resistivity increases to the order of 1 Ω cm and the average transmittance decreases to 60%; the structure and properties of the films completely change as substrate temperature increases to 500 °C. The XRD and transmittance spectra analysis indicate that rudimental oxygen is introduced into CuI thin films, which results in obviously lower resistivity than that of the previously reported value (103 Ω cm). These results imply that the prepared CuI films exhibit excellent transparent conductive properties and can be used in solar cells.
Novel multifunctional materials based on oxide thin films and artificial heteroepitaxial multilayers
Authors: Opel Matthias , Geprägs Stephan , Menzel Edwin P. , Nielsen Andrea , Reisinger Daniel , Nielsen Karl‐Wilhelm , Brandlmaier Andreas , Czeschka Franz D. , Althammer Matthias , Weiler Mathias , Goennenwein Sebastian T. B. , Simon Jürgen , Svete Matthias , Yu Wentao , Hühne Sven‐Martin , Mader Werner , Gross Rudolf 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTransition metal oxides show fascinating physical properties such as high temperature superconductivity, ferro‐ and antiferromagnetism, ferroelectricity or even multiferroicity. The enormous progress in oxide thin film technology allows us to integrate these materials with semiconducting, normal conducting, dielectric, or non‐linear optical oxides in complex oxide heterostructures, providing the basis for novel multi‐functional materials and various device applications. Here, we report on the combination of ferromagnetic, semiconducting, metallic, and dielectric materials properties in thin films and artificial heterostructures using laser molecular beam epitaxy. We discuss the fabrication and characterization of oxide‐based ferromagnetic tunnel junctions, transition metal‐doped semiconductors, intrinsic multiferroics, and artificial ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructures – the latter allow for the detailed study of strain effects, forming the basis of spin‐mechanics. For characterization we use X‐ray diffraction, SQUID magnetometry, magnetotransport measurements, and advanced methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the goal to correlate macroscopic physical properties with the microstructure of the thin films and heterostructures. magnified image
The combination of magnetic properties with dielectric, semiconducting, or ferroelectric materials in one and the same material (e.g. magnetic semiconductors (MS) or intrinsic multiferroics) as well as in artificial heterostructures (e.g. ferromagnetic/dielectric heterostructures for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) or artificial multiferroic heterostructures) allows for the design of materials with novel functionalities and provides the basis for various device applications.
Dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes using poly(3‐dodecylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl)
Authors: Stuparu Alexandrina , Stroh Christophe , Hennrich Frank , Kappes Manfred M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe describe a procedure to suspend single walled carbon nanotubes with poly(3‐dodecylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) and to purify them using density gradient centrifugation with 2,4,6‐tribromotoluene or dodecyloxy‐2,4,6‐triiodobenzene as density gradient medium. In contrast to fluorene‐based polymers, (n,m) selective solubilization is not observed.
Probing the structure of single‐walled carbon nanotubes by resonant Raman scattering
Authors: Paillet M. , Michel T. , Zahab A. , Nakabayashi D. , Jourdain V. , Parret R. , Meyer J. , Sauvajol J.‐L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe review the main information that we have obtained from combined Raman spectroscopy and electron diffraction experiments on individual free‐standing single‐walled carbon nanotubes. This information concerns: the radial breathing mode vs. diameter relationship; the dependence of the frequency and lineshape of the G‐modes in semiconducting and metallic tubes; the evaluation of the optical transition energies for individual free‐standing SWNTs. From these data, we can define Raman criteria allowing the indexing of carbon nanotubes from their Raman features only. We show the efficiency of this approach to assign the (n,m) indices of individual chiral and achiral single‐walled carbon nanotubes. These criteria are also applied to identify tubes grown on a substrate from a single wavelength Raman experiments. These results obtained on index‐identified individual nanotubes are compared with theoretical predictions.
Tailoring the properties of semiconductor nanowires using ion beams
Authors: Ronning C. , Borschel C. , Geburt S. , Niepelt R. , Müller S. , Stichtenoth D. , Richters J. ‐P. , Dev A. , Voss T. , Chen L. , Heimbrodt W. , Gutsche C. , Prost W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis review demonstrates that ion irradiation is a very useful tool in order to tailor the properties of semiconductor nanowires. Besides optical and electrical doping provided by adequate ion species and ion energies, one can use ion beams also for the controlled shaping of the morphology of nanostructures. Here, one utilizes the commonly as ‘negative’ described characteristics of ion implantation: defect formation and sputtering. We show that ion beams can be even used for an alignment of the nanowires. Furthermore, we report here on several successful experiments in order to modify the electrical and optical properties in a controlled manner of ZnO semiconductor nanowires by the use of transition metals, rare earth elements and hydrogen ions. magnified image
Schematic illustration of ion beam doping of a single contacted nanowire.
Excitonic properties of single CdSe nanowires and coupling to plasmonic nanocavities
Authors: Achtstein Alexander W. , Schoeps Oliver , Artemyev Mikhail V. , Woggon Ulrike 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSemiconductor nanowires (NWs) have attracted much attention as light emitters at the nanoscale. Due to their unique optical properties, they can be functionalized to hybrid structures in connection with plasmonic nanostructures. CdSe colloidal nanorods (NRs) show a fine structure which is investigated at single NW level. Four types of individual NR spectra have been found and attributed to different neutral, charged and multiexciton states. Additionally, plasmons in single silver NWs have been investigated. Those metallic NWs allow us to study surface plasmon mediated interference phenomena in low‐Q nanocavities. In a third step, metallic NW cavities are functionalized with semiconductor NWs to study exciton–plasmon interaction. Exciton–plasmon–photon conversion and waveguiding can be seen in dependence on wire length and metal–semiconductor spacing in the investigated structure.