bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodical Thermolysis of [Ba2Ti2(thd)4(OnPr)8(nPrOH)2] under Autogenous Pressure Followed by Combustion for the Synthesis of Dielectric Tetragonal BaTiO3 Nanopowder
Authors: Pol Vilas G. , Thiyagarajan P. , Moreno Jose M. Calderon , Popa Monica , Kessler Vadim G. , Gohil Suresh , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTetragonal powders: Dielectric tetragonal BaTiO3 nanopowder was synthesized in a solvent‐less, efficient process by the thermolysis of a single [Ba2Ti2(thd)4(OnPr)8(nPrOH)2] precursor in a closed reactor at 700 °C under autogenous pressure, followed by combustion. The BaTiO3 nanopowder is characterized thoroughly, employing advanced morphological, compositional, structural, and thermal techniques, and the dielectric constant is accounted.magnified imageThe tetragonal BaTiO3 nanopowder is synthesized in a solvent‐less, efficient process by the thermolysis of a single [Ba2Ti2(thd)4(OnPr)8(nPrOH)2] precursor in a closed reactor at 700 °C under autogenous pressure, followed by combustion. This paper compiles the synthesis of the [Ba2Ti2(thd)4(OnPr)8(nPrOH)2] precursor, its analysis by mass spectrometry, and implementation for the fabrication of dielectric tetragonal BaTiO3 nanopowder by controlled efficient thermal decomposition. The as‐prepared, intermediate, and final forms of the obtained nanomaterials are systematically analysed by XRD, Raman, and EDS measurements to gain structural and compositional information. Employing HR‐SEM, TEM, and HR‐TEM techniques, the morphological changes during the structural evolution of all the phases are pursued. The mechanistic elucidation for the fabrication of BaTiO3 nanopowder is developed on the basis of TGA and DTA data obtained for the initial [Ba2Ti2(thd)4(OnPr)8(nPrOH)2] reactant as well as the as‐prepared BaCO3 with amorphous Ti phase.
Micro‐computed tomography and alizarin red evaluations of boric acid–induced fetal skeletal changes in Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Wise L. David , Winkelmann Christopher T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Assessment of developmental toxicity has historically included assessment of fetal skeletal morphology after alizarin red staining. X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) produces high‐resolution images of skeletal structures and was investigated as an alternative method. METHODS: Groups of 5 mated Crl:CD (SD) female rats each were administered vehicle or boric acid (40 to 500 mg/kg/day) from GD 6 through 11. On GD 21, all live fetuses were weighed, euthanized, and viscera removed. Each litter was placed into a custom‐made polystyrene holder and scanned in the micro‐CT imaging system. Raw projection data were acquired in approximately 15 sec (∼20 litters per hour) and reconstructed images at 100‐micron cubic voxel dimension could be viewed as early as 20 min later. Fetuses were subsequently stained with alizarin red, and findings recorded separately for each method without knowledge of treatment group. RESULTS: Micro‐CT evaluation of fetal rat skeletons detected essentially the same skeletal malformations, variations, and incomplete ossifications as seen by the staining method. The specific skeletal abnormalities that did not match exactly involved the smallest skeletal elements with minimal degrees of ossification (i.e., cervical ribs, hypoplastic 13th ribs, supernumerary ribs, the 5th sternebra, and numbers of caudal vertebrae), but the differences did not impact the overall conclusions. Additional measures such as femur length were easily measured by micro‐CT. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that micro‐CT imaging can effectively assess rat fetal skeletal structures, and for those laboratories with this resource, it may be used to significantly reduce time prior to skeletal evaluation and hazardous wastes associated with staining. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 33:214–219, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of hydroxyurea‐induced fetal skeletal changes in Dutch belted rabbits by micro‐computed tomography and alizarin red staining
Authors: Wise L. David , Winkelmann Christopher T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: This laboratory has been investigating the utility of X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) to produce high‐resolution, 3D images of skeletal structures in common laboratory species. The present investigation uses micro‐CT evaluation of skeletons from rabbit fetuses exposed to the known teratogen, hydroxyurea. METHODS: Groups of 4–6 mated Dutch Belted female rabbits each were administered vehicle or hydroxyurea (62.5 to 500 mg/kg) once on GD 12. On GD 28, all live fetuses were weighed, euthanized, and viscera removed. Up to 7 fetuses per litter were placed into a custom‐made polystyrene holder and scanned in the micro‐CT imaging system. Raw projection data were acquired in approximately 15 seconds, and reconstructed images at 100‐micron cubic voxel dimension could be viewed as early as 20 minutes later. Fetuses were subsequently stained with alizarin red, and findings recorded separately for each method without knowledge of treatment group. RESULTS: Except for a few isolated cases, micro‐CT evaluation detected the same skeletal malformations, variations, and incomplete ossifications as seen by the staining method. Skeletal elements that are very small (e.g., caudal‐most vertebrae, metacarpal no. 1) or those with a minimal degree of ossification were occasionally not observed with micro‐CT. However, this difference did not impact the overall study conclusions. Femur length was easily measured by micro‐CT. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that micro‐CT imaging can effectively assess rabbit fetal skeletal structures, and for those laboratories with this resource, may be used to significantly reduce time prior to skeletal evaluation and hazardous wastes associated with staining. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 33:220–226, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of the concentration and distribution of water in the complex permittivity of breast fat tissue
Authors: Said Tarek , Varadan Vasundara V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe structure of breast tissue is complicated and highly variable and presents a great challenge in the development of physical models that may be used to obtain its effective complex permittivity. Empirical models are commonly used by researchers to fit measured data and extrapolated to higher frequencies. However, these models have not been verified experimentally at higher frequencies. Theoretical models of tissue permittivity to explain the role of water are not available today. This communication is a systematic study of several models to estimate the complex permittivity of breast fat tissue based on volume content and distribution of water in the tissue. These models are implemented in (i) long wavelength, sparse concentration limit; (ii) full wave finite element simulation; and (iii) numerical implementation of dynamic multiple scattering theory. A comparison of the proposed models with experimental data is done at 3.2 GHz. Some of the measurement values are in fair agreement with the modeling. The results of the present study are useful for interpreting the large variability in experimentally measured values of the permittivity of breast fat tissue by taking the distribution of water into account. Bioelectromagnetics 30:669–677, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biosynthesis and characterization of 3‐hydroxyalkanoate terpolyesters with adjustable properties by Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Feng , Ma Long , Wang Zhi‐Hui , Chen Guo‐Qiang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) terployesters P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐3HHx) consisting of 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3‐hydroxyvalerate (3HV), and 3‐hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) were produced by wild‐type Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4, its recombinant harboring PHA synthesis genes phaPCJ encoding PHA binding protein phasin, PHA synthase, and enoyl‐CoA hydratase, and another its recombinant harboring phaAB encoding beta‐ketothiolase and acetoacetyl‐CoA reductase, respectively, when grown in lauric acid and/or valerate. The terpolyesters produced by A. hydrophila 4AK4 (phaAB) grown in velarate were found to produce copolymers P(3HB‐co‐3HV) containing high 3HV fractions with a maximum of 99 mol% 3HV. In terpolyesters, 3HV ranged from 9 to 32 mol% depending on the valerate concentration and strain used. A maximal terpolyester P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐3HHx) content in dry cells was 71 wt%. Transmission electron microscopy study of A. hydrophila 4AK4 harboring phaPCJ revealed the full occupation of terpolyester P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐HHx) in the cellular spaces. Terpolyesters with various monomer compositions showed changing thermal and mechanical properties. Those with higher 3HV fractions demonstrated an improved property over the lower HV containing ones. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 582–589 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasmid DNA production combining antibiotic‐free selection, inducible high yield fermentation, and novel autolytic purification
Authors: Carnes Aaron E. , Hodgson Clague P. , Luke Jeremy M. , Vincent Justin M. , Williams James A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDNA vaccines and gene medicines, derived from bacterial plasmids, are emerging as an important new class of pharmaceuticals. However, the challenges of performing cell lysis processes for plasmid DNA purification at an industrial scale are well known. To address downstream purification challenges, we have developed autolytic Escherichia coli host strains that express endolysin (phage λR) in the cytoplasm. Expression of the endolysin is induced during fermentation by a heat inducible promoter. The endolysin remains in the cytoplasm, where it is separated from its peptidoglycan substrate in the cell wall; hence the cells remain alive and intact and can be harvested by the usual methods. The plasmid DNA is then recovered by autolytic extraction under slightly acidic, low salt buffer conditions and treatment with a low concentration of non‐ionic detergent. Under these conditions the E. coli genomic DNA remains associated with the insoluble cell debris and is removed by a solid–liquid separation. Here, we report fermentation, lysis methods, and plasmid purification using autolytic hosts. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 505–515 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding the mechanism of virus removal by Q sepharose fast flow chromatography during the purification of CHO‐cell derived biotherapeutics
Authors: Strauss Daniel M. , Lute Scott , Tebaykina Zinaida , Frey Douglas D. , Ho Cintia , Blank Gregory S. , Brorson Kurt , Chen Qi , Yang Bin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in mammalian cell culture, it is important to ensure that viral impurities and potential viral contaminants will be removed during downstream purification. Anion exchange chromatography provides a high degree of virus removal from mAb feedstocks, but the mechanism by which this is achieved has not been characterized. In this work, we have investigated the binding of three viruses to Q sepharose fast flow (QSFF) resin to determine the degree to which electrostatic interactions are responsible for viral clearance by this process. We first used a chromatofocusing technique to determine the isoelectric points of the viruses and established that they are negatively charged under standard QSFF conditions. We then determined that virus removal by this chromatography resin is strongly disrupted by the presence of high salt concentrations or by the absence of the positively charged Q ligand, indicating that binding of the virus to the resin is primarily due to electrostatic forces, and that any non‐electrostatic interactions which may be present are not sufficient to provide virus removal. Finally, we determined the binding profile of a virus in a QSFF column after a viral clearance process. These data indicate that virus particles generally behave similarly to proteins, but they also illustrate the high degree of performance necessary to achieve several logs of virus reduction. Overall, this mechanistic understanding of an important viral clearance process provides the foundation for the development of science‐based process validation strategies to ensure viral safety of biotechnology products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 371–380 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of UV‐B stress on the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots
Authors: Binder Bernard Y. K. , Peebles Christie A. M. , Shanks Jacqueline V. , San Ka‐Yiu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn nature, plants generate protective secondary metabolites in response to environmental stresses. Such metabolites include terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), which absorb UV‐B light and serve putatively to protect the plant from harmful radiation. Catharanthus roseus plants, multiple shoot cultures, and cell suspension cultures exposed to UV‐B light show significant increases in the production of TIAs, including precursors to vinblastine and vincristine, which have proven effective in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Here, the effect of UV‐B light on C. roseus hairy roots was examined. Analysis of alkaloid concentrations up to 168 h after UV‐B exposure shows significant increases in the concentrations of lochnericine and significant decreases in the concentration of hörhammericine over time (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Our results also indicate that increasing UV‐B exposure time up to 20 min caused significant increases in lochnericine, serpentine, and ajmalicine and a decrease in hörhammericine (t‐test, p < 0.05). © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
A tool for self‐learning assembly language programming and computer architecture: Design and evaluation
Authors: Chau Chi‐Fai , Fung Yu‐Fai 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article presents the design of a system that can be used in different teaching and learning activities, in particular teaching assembly language programming and basic computer architecture for undergraduate studies. The system can be a self‐learning tool for students. On the other hand, teachers can utilize this system to develop prototype systems and to demonstrate theories pertaining to operations of microprocessor‐based systems. This educational tool includes hardware and software components, which were developed by the authors. The design of this system is based on principles of constructivism and learning is through hands‐on experience. The system is very flexible and users can incorporate new modules for more advanced learning. Due to its flexibility and ease of use, it can also be employed as a supplementary tool for teaching other engineering subjects. Data collected from our evaluation study shows that majority of users found the system easy to use. In this article, features of the system, as well as its design and evaluation results are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 286–293, 2011
Lobarialides A–C, Antifungal Triterpenoids from the Lichen Lobaria kurokawae
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ning , Zhang Hai‐Juan , Ren Dong‐Mei , Ji Mei , Yu Wen‐Tao , Lou Hong‐Xiang 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThree novel fernane‐type triterpenoids, lobarialides A–C (1–3, resp.), together with two known ones were isolated by antifungal bioassay‐guided fractionation of the lichen Lobaria kurokawae. Their structures including configurations were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, and that of 1 was confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Antifungal tests of the five triterpenoids showed that the activity increased with the increment of the number of COO groups.
A New Dibenzofuran and Further Constituents from the Stems of Pourthiaea lucida with Inhibitory Activity on Superoxide Generation by Neutrophils
Authors: Chen Jih‐Jung , Luo Yu‐Ting , Liao Chang‐Hui , Chen Ih‐Sheng , Liaw Chih‐Chuang 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA new dibenzofuran, lucidafuran (1), was isolated from the stems of Pourthiaea lucida, together with eight known compounds. The structure of this new compound was determined through NMR and mass‐spectrometric analyses. Among the isolated compounds, lucidafuran (1) and aucuparin (3) exhibited potent inhibitory activity against fMLP‐induced superoxide (O$\rm{ {_{2}^{{^\cdot} -}}}$) production by human neutrophils with IC50 values of 18.7±4.4 and 17.0±6.8 μM, resp.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Sphingolipid Analogues
Authors: Mathew Thresen , Billich Andreas , Cavallari Marco , Bornancin Frederic , Nussbaumer Peter , De Libero Gennaro , Vasella Andrea 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe analogues 7–9 of 7‐oxaceramide and 7‐oxasphingosine were synthesized from the known azidosphingosine 21. The 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole analogues 10–16 of ceramides were synthesized by the click reaction of the known azide 24. None of the analogues 7–15 was active as inhibitor of SPHK type 1 and of acid sphingomyelinase, whereas 16 is a weak inhibitor of SPHK1. Triazoles 10, 11, and 15 did not inhibit ceramide phosphorylation by CerK, and none of 7, 8, and 10–15 activated invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell clones when presented by human CD1d‐transfected antigen‐presenting cells (APC) or by plate‐bound human CD1d [55]. Triazoles 14 and 15 prevent binding of α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer) to plate‐bound human CD1d and subsequent T‐cell response to α‐GalCer. Only 15 reduced activation by α‐GalCer significantly and independently of the cytokine measured.
Stacked partial least squares regression analysis for spectral calibration and prediction
Authors: Ni Wangdong , Brown Steven D. , Man Ruilin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo novel algorithms which employ the idea of stacked generalization or stacked regression, stacked partial least squares (SPLS) and stacked moving‐window partial least squares (SMWPLS) are reported in the present paper. The new algorithms establish parallel, conventional PLS models based on all intervals of a set of spectra to take advantage of the information from the whole spectrum by incorporating parallel models in a way to emphasize intervals highly related to the target property. It is theoretically and experimentally illustrated that the predictive ability of these two stacked methods combining all subsets or intervals of the whole spectrum is never poorer than that of a PLS model based only on the best interval. These two stacking algorithms generate more parsimonious regression models with better predictive power than conventional PLS, and perform best when the spectral information is neither isolated to a single, small region, nor spread uniformly over the response. A simulation data set is employed in this work not only to demonstrate this improvement, but also to demonstrate that stacked regressions have the potential capability of predicting property information from an outlier spectrum in the prediction set. Moisture, oil, protein and starch in Cargill corn samples have been successfully predicted by these new algorithms, as well as hydroxyl number for different instruments of terpolymer samples including and excluding an outlier spectrum. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Breathing” in Adsorbate‐Responsive Metal Tetraphosphonate Hybrid Materials
Authors: Colodrero Rosario M. P. , Cabeza Aurelio , Olivera‐Pastor Pascual , Infantes‐Molina Antonia , Barouda Eleni , Demadis Konstantinos D. , Aranda Miguel A. G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBreathe easy: Reversible H2O and NH3 gas uptake by 2D calcium tetraphosphonates (see figure) is accompanied by framework structural changes similar to those previously reported for some carboxylate‐based hybrids. This breathing mechanism is accompanied by a volume increase of 55 %, while maintaining the topology and crystallinity of the material.magnified imageThe structures of various layered calcium tetraphosphonates (CaH6DTMP; H8DTMP=hexamethylenediamine tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid)), have been determined. Starting from CaH6DTMP⋅2H2O, thermal treatment and subsequent exposure to NH3 and/or H2O vapors led to four new compounds that showed high storage capacity of guest species between the layers (up to ten H2O/NH3 molecules) and a maximum volume increase of 55 %. The basic building block for these phosphonates consists of an eight‐membered ring chelating Ca2+ through two phoshonate groups, and the organic ligand is located within the layers, which are held together by hydrogen bonds. The structural analysis revealed that the uptake/removal of guest species (H2O and NH3) induces significant changes in the framework not only by changing the interlayer distances but also through important conformational changes of the organic ligand. An anisotropic breathing motion could be quantified by the changes of the unit‐cell dimensions and ligand arrangements in four crystalline derivatives. Complete characterization revealed the existence of interconversion reactions between the different phases upon gas uptake and release. The observed behavior represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of a breathing‐like mechanism in metal phosphonates that possess a 2D topology.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Studies on Co‐Containing τ‐Borides Co23‐xMxB6 (M: Al, Ga, Sn, Ti, V, Ir) and the Boron‐Rich τ‐Boride Co12.3Ir8.9B10.5.
Authors: Kotzott Dominik , Ade Martin , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure of a New Ternary Aluminide Th4Fe3Al32.
Authors: Enidjer D. , Venkert A. , Bernstein J. , Talianker M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Luminescent Property of Sr2CeO4 Phosphor via EDTA‐Complexing Process.
Authors: Zhang Chunxiang , Jiang Wenjun , Yang Xujie , Han Qiaofeng , Hao Qingli , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: AA′2Rh6O12: A New Family of Rhodium Oxides Exhibiting High Thermopower Coupled with High Electrical Conductivity.
Authors: Mizoguchi Hiroshi , Zakharov L. N. , Marshall W. J. , Sleight A. W. , Subramanian M. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Relationships in the Er—Fe—Mn Ternary System at 773 K.
Authors: Liu Jingqi , Su Kunpeng , Li Xueqiang , Wang Xina , Yang Xiaomao , Tang Mengqi , Li Chunhui 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.