bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of Polypropylene Mesh, Modified Three‐Loop Pulley Suture Pattern, and a Combination for Repair of Distal Canine Achilles' Tendon Injuries
Authors: GALL TRENT T. , SANTONI BRANDON G. , EGGER ERICK L. , PUTTLITZ CHRISTIAN M. , ROONEY MATTHEW B. 
Published: September 2009

Objective—To compare mechanical stability between a novel polypropylene mesh repair (Mesh), a modified 3‐loop pulley suture (Suture), and a combination of the techniques (Suture+Mesh) for the repair of distal canine Achilles' tendon ruptures.Study Design—In vitro mechanical evaluation.Sample Population—Cadaveric canine Achilles' tendon/calcaneus units (n=34).Methods—Constructs were loaded under tension to failure in a materials testing machine with synchronized kinematic analysis. Ultimate load to failure, global construct stiffness, and force required to reach 1 and 3 mm gap formation was recorded.Results—Ultimate load to failure was greatest for the Suture+Mesh group and lowest for the Suture group. The Suture+Mesh technique afforded a significantly greater global stiffness than the Suture or Mesh treatments. Force to generate 1 and 3 mm gap formation was greatest with the Suture group.Conclusions—The Suture+Mesh group had the highest ultimate load to failure and afforded the greatest global stiffness though it had no added benefit to resist local gap formation at the repair.Clinical Relevance—Achilles' ruptures repaired with suture can be augmented with mesh to increase the ultimate load to failure, but as currently tested, there was a decrease in resistance to gap formation At this time we cannot recommend Mesh or the Suture+Mesh techniques without further testing.
International variation in volunteer whole blood donor eligibility criteria
Authors: Karp Julie K. , King Karen E. 
Published: September 2009

BACKGROUND: This study assesses international variation in volunteer whole blood donor eligibility criteria.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In February 2008, Web sites of major blood collection organizations in 17 countries were queried for the volume of whole blood donations and six donor eligibility criteria: allowed donation frequency, donor age, hemoglobin (Hb), weight, and deferrals for tattoo and pregnancy/breast‐feeding.RESULTS: The allowed frequency of whole blood donation ranged from 56 to 120 days, some with sex‐ and age‐specific limitations. While blood collection agencies in three countries did not have an upper age limit for donation, the remainder mandated donor retirement at ages from 60 to 81 years. The minimum Hb level was 11.5 to 12.5 g/dL for women and 12.5 to 13.5 g/dL for men. Blood collection organizations in only three countries required a minimum donor weight of less than 50 kg. Tattoo and pregnancy deferrals ranged from 4 to 12 months and 6 weeks to 12 months, respectively. The volume of whole blood donations ranged from 300 to 500 mL. The percentage of total blood volume donated, the absolute grams of Hb expected to be restored per deferral period and per day of donor deferral, and the concentration of Hb expected to be restored per deferral period were calculated.CONCLUSIONS: International volunteer whole blood donor eligibility criteria demonstrate marked variation. These differences likely cause international variation in the prevalence of adverse donor reactions and iron deficiency anemia. The reasons underlying these dissimilarities are unclear, but may include varying cultural influences and average donor body habitus.
Pressure‐aided transfusion of platelets: does it affect the platelets?
Authors: Fischer‐Nielsen Anne , Stissing Trine , Maansson Charlotte , Joergensen Bent Gymoese 
Published: September 2009

BACKGROUND: In massively bleeding patients, pressure infusers are used for transfusion of red blood cells and plasma but not for platelets (PLTs) due to an assumed negative effect on the PLTs. This study examined whether pressure‐aided in vitro transfusion affected the number, activation state, and/or function of the PLTs as measured by flow cytometry and thrombelastography (TEG).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PLT concentrates stored for 1 (n = 8) or 8 (n = 7) days were transfused in vitro by means of a pressure inducer (300 mmHg). Samples before and after transfusion were measured for PLT concentration and expression of CD62P, CD63, and PAC‐1. These activation markers were measured by flow cytometry on resting PLTs as well as PLTs stimulated with thrombin receptor–activating peptide. Clot generation and strength was examined by TEG by measuring the angle (degree) and maximum amplitude (mm), values that are highly dependent on the PLT function.RESULTS: PLT concentrations were unchanged after pressure‐aided transfusion reflecting no destruction. With respect to activation state and in vitro functional capacity either no or only minor differences (<7%) were detected.CONCLUSION: In this study, use of a pressure inducer decreased the transfusion time of in vitro PLT transfusion by approximately 50%. No or only minor and inconsistent changes of the PLT number and function were observed. Consequently, this study indicates that pressure infusers could be used for transfusion of PLTs if clinically indicated, that is, in massively bleeding patients. However, in vivo studies to assess the safety and utility of pressure‐aided PLT transfusion are warranted.
Enhanced neointimal hyperplasia and carotid artery remodelling in sequestosome 1 deficient mice
Authors: Sugimoto Rika , Warabi Eiji , Katayanagi Satoru , Sakai Satoshi , Uwayama Junya , Yanagawa Toru , Watanabe Ayaka , Harada Harumi , Kitamura Kiyoshi , Noguchi Noriko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Siow Richard C.M. , Mann Giovanni E. , Ishii Tetsuro 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDeficiency in the signal adaptor protein sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/A170/p62) in mice is associated with mature‐onset obesity, accompanied by insulin and leptin resistance. We previously established that redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 up‐regulates SQSTM1 expression in response to atherogenic stimuli or laminar shear stress in vascular cells, and here examine the role of SQSTM1 in neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodelling in vivo following carotid artery ligation. Neointimal hyperplasia was markedly enhanced at ligation sites after 3 weeks in SQSTM1–/– compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. The intimal area and stenotic ratio were, respectively, 2.1‐ and 1.7‐fold higher in SQSTM1−/– mice, indicating enhanced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). When aortic SMCs were isolated from WT and SQSTM1−/– mice and cultured in vitro, we found that SQSTM1–/– SMCs proliferated more rapidly in response to foetal calf serum (FCS) and attained 2–3‐fold higher cell densities compared to WT SMCs. Moreover, migration of SQSTM1–/– SMCs was enhanced compared to WT SMCs. Early and late phases of p38MAPK activation in response to FCS stimulation were also more enhanced in SQSTM1–/– SMCs, and inhibitors of p38 and ERK1/2 signalling pathways significantly attenuated SMC proliferation. In summary, SQSTM1–/– mice exhibit enhanced neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodelling following arterial ligation in vivo. The enhanced proliferation of SQSTM1–/– aortic SMCs in vitro highlights a novel role for SQSTM1 in suppressing smooth muscle proliferation following vascular injury.
Usefulness of skin testing in cutaneous drug eruptions in routine practice
Authors: Tchen Tatiana , Reguiaï Zïad , Vitry Fabien , Arnoult Elizabeth , Grange Anne , Florent Grange , Bernard Phillipe 
Published: September 2009

Background: Cutaneous drug eruptions are common side‐effects. The imputation score combining intrinsic (chronology, clinical and paraclinical signs) and extrinsic criteria used in Pharmacovigilance Centres is insufficient alone to identify with certainty a responsible drug.Objective: To evaluate the imputation score before and after performing skin testing in patients with cutaneous drug eruptions.Patients/Methods: A single‐centre retrospective study was performed on 339 patients tested between 2001–2006. Imputation scores were calculated before and after skin tests for each cutaneous drug eruption according to the clinical type of skin eruption and the type of drug.Results: Among 121 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 46% showed an increase of the imputation score as shown by 25/41 cases of maculo‐papular exanthema, 4/11 cases of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis and 17/41 cases of urticaria/anaphylaxis. The imputation score increased in 25/70 cases of the tested antibiotic drugs, in 14/56 cases of cardiovascular drugs, and it increased in 19 patients (34%) with I1 or I2 imputation scores before skin testing and in 29 (52%) with an I3 imputation score before skin testing.Conclusions: Drug skin testing appeared useful in investigating cutaneous drug eruptions in routine practice, including not only drugs with a high imputation score (I3) but also those with a lower score (I1, I2). Drug skin testing should lead to oral rechallenge of drugs with negative tests in order to determine which drugs may be used safely.
Metabolic profiles of fat and glucose differ by gender in healthy 8‐year‐olds
Authors: Eriksson Susanne , Palsdottir Vilborg , Garemo Malin , Mellström Dan , Strandvik Birgitta 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:  The aim was to investigate if metabolic markers were associated with anthropometry and weight increase in healthy 8‐year‐olds.Methods:  Ninety‐seven healthy children, 66 of whom had been examined at the age of 4 years, were investigated. Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry was performed to determine fat (FM) and lean body mass (LBM). Plasma glucose and serum levels of insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin and leptin were analysed and HOMA‐indices were calculated.Results:  Despite similar anthropometry, metabolic markers differed by gender. Sixteen % of the children were overweight or obese. Body mass index (BMI) was strongly correlated to FM. Anthropometric measures except LBM correlated to metabolic markers in the girls. Boys had higher concentrations of plasma glucose than girls. In overweight children, insulin was negatively associated with LBM. Leptin and the ratio between leptin and adiponectin, but not adiponectin, were significantly associated with HOMA‐IR and body composition.Conclusion:  The metabolic profile of plasma glucose, serum leptin, fasting insulin and related HOMA indices differed by gender, despite no difference in BMI or FM. LBM, but not FM correlated to the insulin concentration in the overweight children. Leptin was the best marker of overweight.
The Infant Feeding Intentions scale demonstrates construct validity and comparability in quantifying maternal breastfeeding intentions across multiple ethnic groups
Authors: Nommsen‐Rivers Laurie A. , Cohen Roberta J. , Chantry Caroline J. , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractResearch tools that are comparable across ethnic groups are needed in order to understand sociodemographic disparities in breastfeeding rates. The Infant Feeding Intentions (IFI) scale provides a quantitative measure of maternal breastfeeding intentions. IFI score ranges from 0 (no intention to breastfeed) to 16 (very strong intentions to fully breastfeed for 6 months). The objective of this study was to examine intra‐ and inter‐ethnic validity of the IFI scale. The IFI scale was administered to 218 white non‐Hispanic, 75 African‐American, 80 English‐speaking Hispanic, 62 Spanish‐speaking Hispanic and 64 Asian expectant primiparae. Participants were asked their planned duration of providing breast milk as the sole source of milk (full breastfeeding). The IFI scale was examined for intra‐ethnic internal consistency and construct validity and for inter‐ethnic comparability. For all five ethnic categories, principal component analysis separated the scale into the same two factors: intention to initiate breastfeeding and intention to continue full breastfeeding. Across ethnic categories, the range in Cronbach's alpha was 0.70–0.85 for the initiation factor and 0.90–0.93 for the continuation factor. Within each ethnic category, IFI score increased as planned duration of full breastfeeding increased (P < 0.0001 for all). Within the planned duration categories of <1, 1–3, 3–6 and ≥6 months, the median IFI score by ethnic category ranged from (low–high) 5–8, 9–10, 12–14 and 16–16, respectively. The IFI scale provides a valid measure of breastfeeding intentions in diverse populations of English‐ and Spanish‐speaking primiparae, and may be a useful tool when researching disparities in breastfeeding practices.
Genetic variation in CXCL12 and risk of cervical carcinoma: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: Maley S. N. , Schwartz S. M. , Johnson L. G. , Malkki M. , Du Q. , Daling J. R. , Li S. S. , Zhao L. P. , Petersdorf E. W. , Madeleine M. M. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryCXCL12 provides a chemotactic signal‐directing leucocyte migration and regulates metastatic behaviour of tumour cells. We conducted a population‐based case–control study to test the hypothesis that common genetic variation in CXCL12 individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles and haplotypes] is associated with the risk of cervical carcinoma. Cases (n = 917) were residents of western Washington State diagnosed with invasive squamous cell cervical carcinoma (SCC), invasive adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix. Control participants (n = 849) were identified from the source population by random digit telephone dialling and frequency matched to cases on county and age. Nine CXCL12 tagSNPs chosen from the SeattleSNPs database were genotyped. The minor allele of intronic SNP rs266085 was inversely associated with cervical cancer under a recessive genetic effects model (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.98). Among the ten common haplotypes inferred from the nine tagSNPs, one haplotype defined by minor alleles at 5′‐flanking SNP rs17885289 and rs266085, and common alleles at the other seven SNPs occurred among 7.8% of cases and 10.6% of controls (dominant model OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56–0.93; recessive model OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12–0.97; and log‐additive model OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57–0.90). A stepwise procedure identified rs17885289, rs266085 and 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) SNP rs266093 as the most parsimonious subset of SNPs necessary to define the haplotype inversely associated with cervical cancer risk in our study. A 3′‐UTR SNP, rs1801157, previously found to be related to HIV pathogenesis, was not associated with cervical cancer risk. Further population‐based studies are warranted to confirm these associations between genetic variation in CXCL12 and cervical cancer risk.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SMALL POTATO‐GRADING MACHINE USING CAPRON NET
Authors: GHANBARIAN D. , KOLCHIN N.N. , HASAN BEIGI S.R. , EBRAHIMI R. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT Grading potatoes by size is an important operation for preparing tubers for seed and for commercial purposes. Farmers in Iran and in developing countries grade potatoes by hand, which is very slow and costly. This work concerns the development of a potato‐grading machine for small‐scale farmers. The design is characterized by a spiral structure covered with a capron net to form a cribriform rotating drum as the grading surface. Potato tubers are fed into the drum, moved forward by the spiral structure, and dropped through holes of the net according to their dimensions. The design parameters included net stiffness (T), rotating drum speed (n) and feeding rate (q). The grading accuracy of the machine was evaluated to determine optimum condition of machine performance. An acceptable grading accuracy of about 70% with a low tuber damage of 5.5% were obtained at T = 0.14 N/mm, n = 27 rpm and q = 2,500 kg/h as optimum condition.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCommercial potato‐grading machines are designed for medium‐ to large‐scale farms, and are not suitable for the majority of farmers in developing countries. In these countries, grading of potato tubers, especially for seed purpose, is performed by hand, which is very time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. A small grading machine has been developed that can sort five times more tubers per person per unit time than the rate achieved by hand grading. The machine is very simply constructed and costs approximately US$800, which is considerably cheaper than current commercial grading machinery.
ADSORPTION OF DARK COLORED COMPOUNDS IN APPLE JUICE – EFFECTS OF INITIAL SOLUBLE SOLID CONCENTRATION ON ADSORPTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM
Authors: ATAÇ B. , GÖKMEN V. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT Adsorption of dark colored compounds onto adsorbent resin was studied for different adsorbent resin concentrations (1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 g resin/L apple juice) and different °Brix ratios of apple juice (10, 20, 30 °Brix). The equilibrium data obtained fitted well to Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity was found 0.124 1/g resin at 30C for apple juice having a °Brix ratio of 10. The adsorption of dark colored compounds from apple juice onto adsorbent resin followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The adsorption rate constants decreased as the °Brix ratio of apple juice increased. As it was confirmed by Bangham's equation, the rate‐limiting step was intraparticle diffusion. This study showed that using adsorbent resin to improve color had no effect on organic acid and sugar composition of apple juice.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBrowning during processing and storage adversely affects the commercial acceptability of apple juice concentrate. Adsorption is considered as a viable process to improve apple juice color. The present study shows the adsorption behavior, kinetics and mechanism of dark colored compounds in apple juice. From a practical application point of view, initial soluble solid content of apple juice is considered as an important parameter that should be taken under control to improve the adsorption efficiency. After the adsorption process, the level of main constituents such as sugar and organic acids remain constant so this adsorption process appears to be effective for apple juice process.
EFFECT OF FERMENTED WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON TEXTURE OF IRANIAN WHITE CHEESE
Authors: JOOYANDEH HOSSEIN 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT The influence of fermented whey protein concentrate (FWPC) added before and after formation of cheese curd on the textural characteristics of Iranian white cheese was studied. The FWPC, prepared from whey obtained during cheese making, was added at different levels 5, 10, 15 and 20% (v/v) after (A) or before (B) cheese curdling. The changes in rheological parameters of cheeses were determined before and after 1 month of ripening. It was found that both incorporation level and stage of addition of FWPC (A and B) caused significant effects on texture profile analysis of cheeses. Increasing the level of FWPC in B group, except samples containing 10% FWPC, in contrast with A cheeses led to considerable increase in moisture and decrease in hardness and chewiness. Samples containing more than 15% FWPC had undesirable texture and were too soft. All experimental cheeses exhibited a decline in values for each rheological parameter after 1 month of ripening. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPerhaps the biggest story in the dairy industry in the past couple of decades has been the rise of new applications for whey and whey proteins. Once considered a waste product in the cheese manufacturing process, whey and whey protein products today are used for a wide range of functional and nutritional properties. In the cheese industry, particularly in soft cheese varieties, whey proteins have shown good applications to replace caseins as they act as fat replacer and bind more water than caseins, which results in softer cheeses. Therefore, this study was attempted to investigate the impact of fermented whey protein concentrate on textural attributes of Iranian white cheese.
EFFECTS OF INULIN AND BULKING AGENTS ON SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL, TEXTURAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF MILK CHOCOLATE
Authors: FARZANMEHR HANNANEH , ABBASI SOLEIMAN 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT Chocolates are favorite foodstuffs with high sugar contents. Therefore, in the present study, the production of a low‐sugar milk chocolate with prebiotic properties is evaluated. Various ratios of inulin (IN), polydextrose (PD) and maltodextrin (MD) along with sucralose (0.04% w/w) were used instead of sugar. Fifteen formulations were examined to determine some physicochemical, mechanical and sensory properties in order to find their optimum ratios. In general, formulations with high ratios of PD and MD were moister and softer than control. The lowest moisture content and highest hardness were observed for the moderate ratios. In addition, MD induced the least desirable sensorial effects, whereas PD and IN pronouncedly improved the overall acceptability. The optimum applicable range for IN, PD and MD were 14–32% and 71–84%, 7–26% and 67–77%, and 0–20% of sugar substitutes, respectively. Our findings on simultaneous fat and sugar reductions also indicated the possibility of fat cut up to 5% in comparison to previous fat content. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn this paper, we have reported the influences of inulin (IN) as a prebiotic as well as polydextrose (PD) and maltodextrin (MD) as bulking agents on physicochemical, energy content, texture and sensory properties of milk chocolate using simplex lattice mixture design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in this field with very interesting results and practical applicability. Moreover, our findings showed that the use of aforementioned ingredients instead of sugar could lead to production of low‐calorie milk chocolate without having the undesirable textural and physiological effects on the product and consumers. Moreover, the simplex lattice mixture design was found a very useful technique for finding optimum ratios of sugar replacers in formulation.
PEKMEZ‐DAIRY DESSERTS FORTIFIED WITH SPRAY‐DRIED DAIRY POWDERS: EFFECTS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SKIM MILK POWDER, YOGHURT POWDER AND BUTTERMILK POWDER BY A MIXTURE DESIGN APPROACH
Authors: SERT DURMUS , YILMAZ MUSTAFA T. , KARAKAYA MUSTAFA , BAYRAK EBRU 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT A mixture design approach was used to evaluate the interactions between skim milk powder (SMP), yoghurt powder (YP) and buttermilk powder (BMP) on rheological and sensory properties of dairy dessert mixture samples (DDMS). DDMS was prepared with pekmez powder, which was obtained by spray drying of pekmez, also known as concentrated grape molasses. Among the dairy powders, YP was the component that had the most effect on the viscosity of DDMS. The liking of the panelists was more prominent for the dairy dessert samples including the higher concentrations of YP. Optimum values of SMP, YP and BMP in the mixture were found to be 12–46%, 41–90% and 0–39%, respectively with respect to sensory properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe compositional properties of dairy powders can be changed by their usage at particular combinations, which could give rise to an improvement in their rheological and sensory properties. Such modifications would be of great economical importance to food industry. Dairy powders can be used to improve these properties when optimum combination levels of these dairy powders are taken into consideration. Therefore, information obtained in this study may be useful in practical industrial food product process monitoring and development.