bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Interface innovates with suppliers to create sustainability solutions
Authors: Nelson Eric 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBecoming a sustainable and restorative company can mean rethinking the basic components of your products. This leading carpet manufacturer's innovations, including those developed in collaboration with key suppliers, have changed the industry and moved the company closer to its sustainability goals. The author explains the company's seven areas of sustainability focus, and the role innovation plays in reducing its negative impact on the environment. He then describes Interface's approach for building supplier commitment and participation in these goals, and examines the firm's partnership with Universal Fibers, which led to the first commercially viable processes for incorporating postindustrial and postconsumer nylon in carpet facing and for salvaging old carpet from end‐of‐life disposal and recycling it into materials for new carpet production. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bon Secours Health System integrates Lean Six Sigma and Knowledge Transfer to drive clinical and operational excellence
Authors: Douglas Sears H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBy harnessing accelerated performance improvement and rapid learning across all of its 29 facilities, Bon Secours pursues consistency, integration, quality, and transparency of patient care, even as it leverages the scale and scope of its operations for higher efficiencies. And now it's pursuing the holy grails of standardized care and a single electronic medical record for each patient. Improvement projects linked to performance gaps in balanced scorecard dashboards are executed with Lean Six Sigma methodologies and rapid‐cycle improvement. Communities of Excellence then transfer improvements and replicate proven practices across facilities. This approach is helping fuel two interconnected initiatives: Clinical Transformation, the redesign of workflows—including common order sets and care plans—supported by the new ConnectCare clinical information system, which together aim to standardize 80 percent of patient care across all facilities. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of atomic layer deposition to improve the stability of silver substrates for in situ, high‐temperature SERS measurements
Authors: John Joshy F. , Mahurin Shannon , Dai Sheng , Sepaniak Michael J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA method to stabilize silver surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for in situ, high‐temperature applications is demonstrated. Silver island films grown by thermal evaporation were coated with a thin layer (from 2.5 to 5 nm) of alumina by atomic layer deposition (ALD), which protects and stabilizes the SERS‐active substrate without eliminating the Raman enhancement. The temporal stability of the alumina‐coated silver island films was examined by measurement of the Raman intensity of rhodamine 6G molecules deposited onto bare and alumina‐coated silver substrates over the course of 34 days. The coated substrates showed almost no change in SERS enhancement, while the uncoated substrates exhibited a significant decrease in Raman intensity. To demonstrate the feasibility of the alumina‐coated silver substrate as a probe of adsorbates and reactions at elevated temperatures, an in situ SERS measurement of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate on bare and alumina‐coated silver was performed at temperatures ranging from 25 to 400 °C. ALD deposition of an ultrathin alumina layer significantly improved the thermal stability of the SERS substrate, thus enabling in situ detection of the dehydration of the calcium nitrate tetrahydrate at an elevated temperature. Despite some loss of Raman signal, the coated substrate exhibited greater thermal stability compared to the uncoated substrate. These experiments show that ALD can be used to synthesize stable SERS substrates capable of measuring adsorbates and processes at high temperature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structures and phonon modes of Ba(Ca1/2W1/2)O3, Ba(Ca1/2Mo1/2)O3 and Ba(Sr1/2W1/2)O3 complex perovskites investigated by Raman scattering
Authors: Dias Anderson , Siqueira Kisla P. F. , Moreira Roberto L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work investigates the crystal structures and phonon modes of Ba(Ca1/2W1/2)O3, Ba(Ca1/2Mo1/2)O3 and Ba(Sr1/2W1/2)O3 perovskites by Raman spectroscopy. The samples were produced by conventional solid‐state processing at 1200 °C. X‐ray diffraction showed that single‐phase homogeneous materials were produced, which are cubic or pseudo‐cubic in symmetry. The existing controversies in the literature for these complex perovskites were investigated by comparing experimental Raman data with group‐theory analysis. Ceramics with Ca and W or Mo were found to be cubic, space group Fm3m. For these materials, four Raman‐active bands were observed and the fitting parameters showed that the Ba(Ca1/2Mo1/2)O3 ceramic presents bands at lower wavenumbers if compared with the Ba(Ca1/2W1/2)O3 sample. For the Ba(Sr1/2W1/2)O3 material, two hypotheses were investigated for monoclinic or triclinic structures. The experimental results showed 12 Raman‐active modes for this ceramic, which is in perfect agreement with the theoretical predictions for a monoclinic (I2/m) structure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pressure cooking: Real leaders thrive when the chips are down
Authors: Jones Graham 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe role of the leader involves several principal tasks: creating a compelling vision, coming up with a strategy to achieve that vision, and communicating the vision and strategy to the organization's people. All of this puts the leader in a highly visible position, in which expectations can create enormous pressure. In tough economic times such as the world is experiencing now, this pressure is intensified. Leaders' success in such environments depends largely on the path they choose: to be safe leaders or real leaders.
From technology push, to industrial pull: superplastic forming and diffusion bonding using lasers
Authors: Jocelyn A. , Kar A. , Fanourakis A. , Flower T. , Ackerman M. , Keevil A. , Way J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe process of Superplastic Forming (SPF) has produced a vast number of components, from simple shapes to those with complex geometric features, all to a dimensional accuracy difficult to obtain by traditional sheet metal methods. When used in conjunction with Diffusion Bonding (DB), extraordinarily lightweight, stiff, strong and fatigue enduring components and structures can be manufactured that are virtually impossible to produce by any other means. However, SPF/DB is often criticised as too complicated, expensive, slow and unstable, a reputation that has contributed to its use being largely confined to manufacturing when no other means of production can be found.Perhaps, the fundamental cause of this negative perception of SPF/DB is the fact that derivatives of mid 18th century hydraulic presses are used, virtually universally, that provide only a single temperature to the work piece, which is heated primarily through conduction, a form of heating which is slow and expensive.By comparison, modern, electrically efficient, lasers, if used to directly heat the work piece, could transform SPF/DB into a mainstream process and the first choice of designers. This paper compares, and contrasts, the two systems.
Nichtrostende Stähle mit TRIP/TWIP/SBIP‐Effekt
Authors: Weiß A. , Gutte H. , Jahn A. , Scheller P.R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWeltweit verstärken sich die Bemühungen bei der Suche nach kostengünstigen austenitischen Stahlgüten mit hohem Energieabsorptionsvermögen. Dabei zeichnen sich verschiedene Forschungsrichtungen ab, die sich auf Stähle mit TRIP‐, TWIP‐ und SBIP‐Effekt1) oder entsprechenden Kombinationen konzentrieren. Am Institut für Eisen‐ und Stahltechnologie der TU Bergakademie Freiberg werden nichtrostende austenitische und austenitisch‐martensitische Leichtbaustähle mit hohem Kaltumform‐ und Energieabsorptionsvermögen entwickelt und im Labormaßstab getestet. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften werden wesentlich durch den TRIP‐, TWIP‐ und SBIP‐Effekt beeinflusst. Diese Effekte werden sowohl im warmumgeformten und lösungsgeglühten Zustand als auch im Gusszustand registriert.Die TRIP/TWIP/SBIP‐Effekte wirken sich auf die Zähigkeits‐ und Festigkeitseigenschaften der nichtrostenden Stähle mit metastabilem Austenit aus. Der TRIP‐Effekt nimmt diesbezüglich eine Sonderstellung ein, die zu einer gleichzeitigen Anhebung von Festigkeit und Zähigkeit führt. Die Beeinflussung des TRIP‐Effekts in diesen Stählen durch verschiedene Legierungselemente, wie z. B. durch Nickel und Mangan stehen deshalb im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen. Aufgrund des angehobenen Eigenschaftsprofils der austenithaltigen Stähle können neue Anwendungen und Einsatzgebiete für diese Stähle erschlossen werden. So wird beispielsweise in dem DFG‐Sonderforschungsvorhaben 799 „TRIP‐Matrix‐Composite”︁ die Eignung der entwickelten Stähle als Komponentengusswerkstoff in umwandlungsverstärkten und zähen Hochleistungskeramikverbundwerkstoffen untersucht.
Das ANSLC Programm zur Abschätzung zyklischer Werkstoffkennwerte
Authors: el Dsoki C. , Hanselka H. , Kaufmann H. , Röbig A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDie betriebsfeste Auslegung von spaltprofilierten Blechbauteilen erfordert geeignete Methoden und Übertragbarkeitskriterien, die für verzweigte Strukturen noch nicht zu Verfügung stehen. Wesentlich hierfür sind die Kenntnisse über das zyklische Werkstoffverhalten. Aus diesem Grund werden die zyklischen Werkstoffkennwerte in Abhängigkeit der Produkteigenschaften (Umformgrad, Gefüge, Oberflächenrauhigkeit, Eigenspannungen) und unterschiedlichen Belastungsparametern ermittelt. Da jedoch die Ermittlung der zyklischen Kennwerte mit hohen Versuchaufwand und Kosten verbunden ist, wird nach Methoden gesucht, diese kostengünstig und schnell zu bestimmen. Ein viel versprechender Ansatz hierfür ist der Einsatz von künstlichen Neuronalen Netzen (KNN) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], da sie in der Lage sind, die Einflüsse aus Fertigungs‐ und Umweltparametern auf die Schwingfestigkeit aus sinnvoll gewählten Eingangsparametern zu generieren. Sie bieten die Möglichkeit, auf erlerntes Wissen zurückzugreifen und somit, auf Basis weniger Versuche ein mehrdimensionales Kennfeld zu erstellen.
Melting during heat treatment of a sheet of a niobium alloy – Failure analysis
Authors: Bhatia D.N. , Rao M.N. , Taneja A.K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe niobium alloy Nb‐5.4 At% Hf‐2 At% Ti is an important structural material used for high temperature applications. It is commonly produced in the form of sheet; however, it is also available in other mill forms. The sheets are vacuum‐annealed to improve the formability prior to fabricating different components out of them through metal forming. Annealing in vacuum is adopted in view of the high proneness to oxidation of niobium‐ base materials. In the present instance vacuum annealing of a sheet of the niobium alloy was carried out at 1175 oC; a plate of the nickel‐base superalloy 600 was used as charge support. It was noticed that the vacuum annealing resulted in melting of the charge as well as the charge support material. The plate of superalloy 600 was then replaced by a sheet of commercially pure titanium and next trial of annealing heat treatment carried out; there was no problem of melting. Failure analysis was carried out. The analysis brings out how phase diagrams can be used to choose the right material for supporting the charge in order to prevent melting during heat treatment. The failure is very expensive, if the material to be heat treated is costly, as it happens to be in the present case.
Nanophase hardfaced coatings
Authors: Reisgen U. , Stein L. , Balashov B. , Geffers C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the possibility of producing iron or chromium‐based nanophase hardfaced coatings by means of common arc welding methods (TIG, PTA). The appropriate composition of the alloys to be deposited allows to control the structural properties and thus also the coating properties of the weld metal. Specific variations of the alloying elements allow also the realisation of a nanostructured solidification of the carbides and borides with cooling rates that are common for arc surfacing processes. The hardfaced coatings, which had been thus produced, showed phase dimensions of approximately 100–300 nm. Based on the results it is established that the influence of the surfacing parameters and of the coating thickness and thus the influence of the heat control on the nanostructuring process is, compared with the influence of the alloy composition, of secondary importance. The generation of nanoscale structures in hardfaced coatings allows the improvement of mechanical properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Potential applications for these types of hardfaced coatings lie, in particular, in the field of cutting tools that are exposed to corrosion and wear.
Structure‐property investigations on a laser beam welded dissimilar joint of aluminium AA6056 and titanium Ti6Al4V for aeronautical applications Part I: Local gradients in microstructure, hardness and strength
Authors: Vaidya W.V. , Horstmann M. , Ventzke V. , Petrovski B. , Koçak M. , Kocik R. , Tempus G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSheets of AA6056 and Ti6Al4V were butt‐joined by inserting the Ti‐sheet into the profiled Al‐sheet and by melting the Al‐alloy alone using a split beam Nd:YAG laser. To study microstructural effects on properties, the Al‐alloy was used in two tempers; T4 followed by post weld heat treatment T6, and in T6 followed by a defined duration of natural ageing at room temperature. As a basic step for fatigue and fracture investigations, local gradients in properties of this dissimilar joint are investigated using microscopy, hardness and tensile tests. Possible sites, from which fracture may initiate, have been then identified. All property changes are found to confine to the aluminium side. An intermetallic layer, although very thin, is found to form on the interface. The changeovers, firstly between the fusion zone and the heat affected zone and secondly between the heat affected zone and the base material, are found to be associated with changes in microstructure, hardness and strength. These are identified as the possible critical sites in addition to the interface.
Production new chelating fibers of polyacrilonitrile for removing metal ions
Authors: Tabarzadi M. , Abdouss M. , Javanbakht M. , Shoshtary S.A.M. , Zargaran M. , Dashtizadeh A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this work, raw acrylic fibers (RAF) have been modified with ethanolamine to provide new chelating fibers and prepared polyacrylonitrile‐monoethanolamine (PAN‐MEA). PAN‐MEA fiber was prepared by conversion nitrile groups into hydroxyle groups using ethanolamine solution with different concentration under refluxing at different temperatures and different times. The fiber structure has been investigated by different experimental techniques of characterization such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the physical and mechanical properties has also been investigated in this study. The PAN‐MEA was examined as chelating material in a series of batch adsorption experiments for removal Cu (II), Pb (II) and Ni (II) ions. The ion adsorption of PAN‐MEA was determined with the atomic adsorption method. PAN‐MEA show adsorption metal ions more than usual fiber because of the modification.
A longitudinal program for biomarker development in Parkinson's disease: A feasibility study
Authors: Ravina Bernard , Tanner Caroline , DiEuliis Diane , Eberly Shirley , Flagg Emily , Galpern Wendy R. , Fahn Stanley , Goetz Christopher G. , Grate Stephen , Kurlan Roger , Lang Anthony E. , Marek Kenneth , Kieburtz Karl , Oakes David , Elliott Robin , Shoulson Ira 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLong‐term follow up is necessary to understand the natural history of treated Parkinson's disease (PD). The Longitudinal and Biomarker Study in PD (LABS‐PD) is an observational study designed to prospectively measure the evolution of motor and non‐motor features of PD and sample promising biomarkers from early to late stage illness. LABS‐PD is organized on the premise that cohorts from completed clinical trials can be re‐recruited for long‐term follow up. LABS‐PD will eventually contain multiple cohorts, but to test the feasibility of the strategy, we examined enrollment and biomarker sampling in the initial cohorts. The first PD cohort (PostCEPT) comes from the de novo clinical trial of a mixed lineage kinase inhibitor (PRECEPT). We assessed the recruitment from PRECEPT to PostCEPT, the ability to link data from the two studies, and sample collection for a variety of biomarkers. A total of 537 of 709 eligible PRECEPT subjects (76%) enrolled in PostCEPT; 509 (95%) had repeat dopamine transporter imaging. PRECEPT clinical and imaging data were successfully linked to PostCEPT, to provide 3 to 4 year follow‐up. A biomarker sub‐study enrolled over 100 PD cases from PostCEPT and 100 controls to measure olfaction and blood markers of gene expression, α‐synuclein, and proteomic profiles. We were also successful in linking clinical and biomarker data to DNA samples that have been collected in the publicly accessible Coriell repository. The PostCEPT cohort and associated studies strongly support the feasibility of the LABS‐PD approach of retaining and repurposing clinical trial cohorts to collect longitudinal clinical and biomarker data. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Peralta Cecilia M. , Frauscher Birgit , Seppi Klaus , Wolf Elisabeth , Wenning Gregor K. , Högl Birgit , Poewe Werner 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) according to essential diagnostic criteria, and to explore potential associations with clinical features, especially motor fluctuations, in a cohort of 113 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Twenty‐eight (24%) fulfilled essential diagnostic criteria for RLS. They were younger (63.1 ± 8.6 vs. 68.8 ± 9.0 years; P = 0.004), had an earlier onset of PD (54.1 ± 9.5 vs. 59.2 ± 10.3 years; P = 0.018), and received lower levodopa equivalent doses (578.4 ± 382.2 vs. 779.1 ± 459.6 mg/day; P = 0.04) than patients with PD who scored negative for RLS. In 23 patients (82%), RLS symptom onset was after PD onset (mean interval, 4.5 ± 3.7 years). The majority (n = 17, 61%) who scored positive for RLS reported that the urge to move the legs and unpleasant sensations were associated with wearing off, raising the possibility of RLS mimics in fluctuating patients with PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Major nutritional issues in the management of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Barichella Michela , Cereda Emanuele , Pezzoli Gianni 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAs with other neurodegenerative diseases, neurologic and nutritional elements may interact affecting each other in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the long‐term effects of such interactions on prognosis and outcome have not been given much attention and are poorly addressed by current research. Factors contributing to the clinical conditions of patients with PD are not only the basic features of PD, progression of disease, and the therapeutic approach but also fiber and nutrient intakes (in terms of both energy and protein content), fluid and micronutrient balance, and pharmaconutrient interactions (protein and levodopa). During the course of PD nutritional requirements frequently change. Accordingly, both body weight gain and loss may occur and, despite controversy, it seems that both changes in energy expenditure and food intake contribute. Nonmotor symptoms play a significant role and dysphagia may be responsible for the impairment of nutritional status and fluid balance. Constipation, gastroparesis, and gastro‐oesophageal reflux significantly affect quality of life. Finally, any micronutrient deficiencies should be taken into account. Nutritional assessments should be performed routinely. Optimization of pharmacologic treatment for both motor and nonmotor symptoms is essential, but nutritional interventions and counseling could and should also be planned with regard to nutritional balance designed to prevent weight loss or gain; optimization of levodopa pharmacokinetics and avoidance of interaction with proteins; improvement in gastrointestinal dysfunction (e.g., dysphagia and constipation); prevention and treatment of nutritional deficiencies (micronutrients or vitamins). A balanced Mediterranean‐like dietary regimen should be recommended before the introduction of levodopa; afterward, patients with advanced disease may benefit considerably from protein redistribution and low‐protein regimens. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Existence and properties of solutions for neural field equations
Authors: Potthast Roland , Beim Graben Peter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe first goal of this work is to study the solvability of the neural
field equation (known as ‘Amari equation’)

which is an integro‐differential equation in m+ 1 dimensions. In particular, we show the existence of global solutions for smooth activation functions f with values in [0, 1] and L1 kernels w via the Banach fixpoint theorem. We note that this setting is much more general than in most related studies, e.g. Ermentrout and McLeod (Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1993; 123A:461–478).For a Heaviside‐type activation function f, we show that the approach above fails. However, with slightly more regularity on the kernel function w (we use Hölder continuity with respect to the argument x) we can employ compactness arguments, integral equation techniques and the results for smooth nonlinearity functions to obtain a global existence result in a weaker space.Finally, general estimates on the speed and durability of waves are derived. We show that compactly supported waves with directed kernels (i.e. w(x, y)⩽0 for x⩽y ) decay exponentially after a finite time and that the field has a well‐defined finite speed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zakharov–Shabat system and hyperbolic pseudoanalytic function theory
Authors: Kravchenko Viktor G. , Kravchenko Vladislav V. , Tremblay Sébastien 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 2008; 41:65205 a hyperbolic analogue of pseudoanalytic function theory was developed. In the present contribution we show that one of the central objects of the inverse problem method, the Zakharov–Shabat system is closely related to a hyperbolic Vekua equation for which among other results a generating sequence and hence a complete system of formal powers can be constructed explicitly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of potentials in quantum dots and other small symmetric structures
Authors: Khmelnytskaya Kira V. , Torchynska Tetyana V. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA method for reconstructing symmetric potentials of Schrödinger
operators from a finite set of eigenvalues is presented. The method combines the approach developed by Rundell and Coworkers (SIAM Monographs on Mathematical Modeling and Computation. SIAM: Philadelphia, PA; (1997)) for solving inverse Sturm–Liouville problems with a recent result by Kravchenko (Complex Variables and Elliptic Equations 2008; 53(8):775–789) giving accurate solutions of direct problems.Our construction allows one to recover the potential in situations of great importance in studying nanostructures including quantum dots when only a very limited number of eigenvalues (3–4) obtained experimentally is available. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.