bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TrkB and TrkC partial agonist restores deficits in synaptic function and promotes activity‐dependent synaptic and microglial transcriptomic changes in a late‐stage Alzheimer's mouse model
Authors: Latif‐Hernandez Amira , Yang Tao , Butler Robert R. , Losada Patricia Moran , Minhas Paras S. , White Halle , Tran Kevin C. , Liu Harry , Simmons Danielle A. , Langness Vanessa , Andreasson Katrin I. , Wyss‐Coray Tony , Longo Frank M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) and C (TrkC) receptor signaling promotes synaptic plasticity and interacts with pathways affected by amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity. Upregulating TrkB/C signaling could reduce Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related degenerative signaling, memory loss, and synaptic dysfunction.METHODSPTX‐BD10‐2 (BD10‐2), a small molecule TrkB/C receptor partial agonist, was orally administered to aged London/Swedish‐APP mutant mice (APPL/S) and wild‐type controls. Effects on memory and hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) were assessed using electrophysiology, behavioral studies, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and RNA sequencing.RESULTSIn APPL/S mice, BD10‐2 treatment improved memory and LTP deficits. This was accompanied by normalized phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), calcium‐calmodulin–dependent kinase II (CaMKII), and AMPA‐type glutamate receptors containing the subunit GluA1; enhanced activity‐dependent recruitment of synaptic proteins; and increased excitatory synapse number. BD10‐2 also had potentially favorable effects on LTP‐dependent complement pathway and synaptic gene transcription.DISCUSSIONBD10‐2 prevented APPL/S/Aβ‐associated memory and LTP deficits, reduced abnormalities in synapse‐related signaling and activity‐dependent transcription of synaptic genes, and bolstered transcriptional changes associated with microglial immune response.Highlights
Small molecule modulation of tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) and C (TrkC) restores long‐term potentiation (LTP) and behavior in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model.
Modulation of TrkB and TrkC regulates synaptic activity‐dependent transcription.
TrkB and TrkC receptors are candidate targets for translational therapeutics.
Electrophysiology combined with transcriptomics elucidates synaptic restoration.
LTP identifies neuron and microglia AD‐relevant human‐mouse co‐expression modules.
Evidence for a novel neuronal mechanism driving Alzheimer's disease, upstream of amyloid
Authors: Garcia Ratés Sara , García‐Ayllón María‐Salud , Falgàs Neus , Brangman Sharon A. , Esiri Margaret M , Coen Clive W. , Greenfield Susan Adele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis perspective offers an alternative to the amyloid hypothesis in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We review evidence for a novel signaling mechanism based on a little‐known peptide, T14. T14 could drive neurodegeneration as an aberrantly activated process of plasticity selective to interconnecting subcortical nuclei, the isodendritic core, where cell loss starts at the pre‐symptomatic stages of the disease. Each of these cell groups has the capacity to form T14, which can stimulate production of p‐Tau and β‐amyloid, suggestive of an upstream driver of neurodegeneration. Moreover, results in an animal AD model show that antagonism of T14 with a cyclated variant, NBP14, prevents formation of β‐amyloid, and restores cognitive function to that of wild‐type counterparts. Any diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategy based on T14‐NBP14 awaits validation in clinical trials. However, an understanding of this novel signaling system could bring much‐needed fresh insights into the progression of cell loss underlying AD.Highlights
The possible primary mechanism of neurodegeneration upstream of amyloid.
Primary involvement of selectively vulnerable subcortical nuclei, isodendritic core.
Bioactive peptide T14 trophic in development but toxic in context of mature brain.
Potential for early‐stage biomarker to detect Alzheimer's disease.
Effective therapeutic halting neurodegeneration, validated already in 5XFAD mice.
Association of cognitive reserve with transitions across cognitive states and death in older adults: A 15‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Li Yuanjing , Dekhtyar Serhiy , Grande Giulia , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Gregorio Caterina , Laukka Erika J. , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe investigated the association of cognitive reserve (CR) with transitions across cognitive states and death.METHODSThis population‐based cohort study included 2631 participants (age ≥60 years) who were dementia‐free at baseline and regularly examined up to 15 years. Data were analyzed using the Markov multistate models.RESULTSEach 1‐point increase in the composite CR score (range: ‐4.25 to 3.46) was significantly associated with lower risks of transition from normal cognition to cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) (multivariable‐adjusted hazards ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval = 0.72–0.85) and death (0.85; 0.79–0.93), and from CIND to death (0.82; 0.73–0.91), but not from CIND to normal cognition or dementia. A greater composite CR score was associated with a lower risk of transition from CIND to death in people aged 60‐72 but not in those aged ≥ 78 years.DISCUSSIONCR contributes to cognitive health by delaying cognitive deterioration in the prodromal phase of dementia.Highlights
We use Markov multistate model to examine the association between cognitive reserve and transitions across cognitive states and death.
A great cognitive reserve contributes to cognitive health by delaying cognitive deterioration in the prodromal phase of dementia.
A great cognitive reserve is associated with a lower risk of transition from cognitive impairment, no dementia to death in people at the early stage of old age, but not in those at the late stage of old age.
Semiquantum Key Distribution Using Initial States in Only One Basis Without the Classical User Measuring
Authors: Liang Xueying , Zou Xiangfu , Wang Xin , Zheng Shenggen , Rong Zhenbang , Huang Zhiming , Liu Jianfeng , Chen Ying , Wu Jianxiong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFrom the perspective of resource theory, it is interesting to achieve the same quantum task using as few quantum resources as possible. Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD), which allows a quantum user to share a confidential key with a classical user who prepares and operates qubits on only one basis, is an important example for studying this issue. To further limit the quantum resources used by users, in this paper, the first SQKD protocol is constructed, which restricts the quantum user to prepare quantum states on only one basis and removes the classical user's measurement capability. Furthermore, it is proven that the constructed protocol is secure against the restricted attack by deriving a key rate expression of the error rate in the asymptotic scenario. The work in this paper provides inspiration for achieving quantum superiority with minimal quantum resources.
Transmissions in Gapped Graphene Exposed to Tilting and Oscillating Barriers
Authors: Mekkaoui Miloud , Jellal Ahmed , Mouhafid Abderrahim El 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe transmissions of fermions are investigated through gapped graphene structures by employing a combination of double barrier tilting and a time‐oscillating potential. The latter introduces additional sidebands into the transmission probability that manifest at energy levels determined by the frequency and incident energy. These sidebands arise from the absorption or emission of photons generated by the oscillating potential. It is demonstrated that the tilting and positioning of the scattering events within the barriers play a crucial role in determining the peak of tunneling resistance. In particular, the presence of a mid‐barrier‐embedded scatter leads to a transition from a peak to a cusp when the incident energy reaches the Dirac point within a barrier. Additionally, it is that introducing a time‐varying potential results in transmissions dispersing across both the central band and the sidebands.
Phosphonoalamides Reveal the Biosynthetic Origin of Phosphonoalanine Natural Products and a Convergent Pathway for Their Diversification
Authors: Cui Jerry J. , Zhang Yeying , Ju Kou‐San 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhosphonate natural products, with their potent inhibitory activity, have found widespread use across multiple industries. Their success has inspired development of genome mining approaches that continue to reveal previously unknown bioactive scaffolds and biosynthetic insights. However, a greater understanding of phosphonate metabolism is required to enable prediction of compounds and their bioactivities from sequence information alone. Here, we expand our knowledge of this natural product class by reporting the complete biosynthesis of the phosphonoalamides, antimicrobial tripeptides with a conserved N‐terminal l‐phosphonoalanine (PnAla) residue produced by Streptomyces. The phosphonoalamides result from the convergence of PnAla biosynthesis and peptide ligation pathways. We elucidate the biochemistry underlying the transamination of phosphonopyruvate to PnAla, a new early branchpoint in phosphonate biosynthesis catalyzed by an aminotransferase with evolved specificity for phosphonate metabolism. Peptide formation is catalyzed by two ATP‐grasp ligases, the first of which produces dipeptides, and a second which ligates dipeptides to PnAla to produce phosphonoalamides. Substrate specificity profiling revealed a dramatic expansion of dipeptide and tripeptide products, while finding PnaC to be the most promiscuous dipeptide ligase reported thus far. Our findings highlight previously unknown transformations in natural product biosynthesis, promising enzyme biocatalysts, and unveil insights into the diversity of phosphonopeptide natural products.
Copper‐Catalyzed Dearomative 1,2‐Hydroamination
Authors: Davis Christopher W. , Zhang Yu , Li Yanrong , Martinelli Matteo , Zhang Jingyang , Ungarean Chad , Galer Petra , Liu Peng , Sarlah David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCatalytic olefin hydroamination reactions are some of the most atom‐economical transformations that bridge readily available starting materials–olefins and high‐value‐added amines. Despite significant advances in this field over the last two decades, the formal hydroamination of nonactivated aromatic compounds remains an unsolved challenge. Herein, we report the extension of olefin hydroamination to aromatic π‐systems by using arenophile‐mediated dearomatization and Cu‐catalysis to perform 1,2‐hydroamination on nonactivated arenes. This strategy was applied to a variety of substituted arenes and heteroarenes to provide general access to structurally complex amines. We conducted DFT calculations to inform mechanistic understanding and rationalize unexpected selectivity trends. Furthermore, we developed a practical, scalable desymmetrization to deliver enantioenriched dearomatized products and enable downstream synthetic applications. We ultimately used this dearomative strategy to efficiently synthesize a collection of densely functionalized small molecules.
Modulating the D‐π‐A Interactions in Metal‐Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 into Formate
Authors: Cui Kai , Zhang Zhao , Wang Congxu , Lyu Pengbo , Tang Xiaoliang , Xu Yuxi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrystalline porous framework materials have attracted tremendous interest in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction owing to their ordered structures and high specific surface areas as well as rich designability, however, still suffer from a lack of accuracy in regulating the binding strength between the catalytic sites and intermediates, which is crucial for optimizing the electrocatalytic activity and expanding the product types. Herein, we report three new kinds of vinylene‐linked metal‐covalent organic frameworks (TMT‐CH3‐MCOF, TMP‐CH3‐MCOF and TMP‐MCOF) with continuously tunable D‐π‐A interactions by adjusting the structure of the monomers at the molecular level for realizing efficient electroreduction of CO2 to formate for the first time. Interestingly, compared with TMT‐CH3‐MCOF and TMP‐MCOF, the TMP‐CH3‐MCOF exhibited the highest HCOO− Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO‐) of 95.6 % at −1.0 V vs RHE and displayed the FEHCOO‐ above 90 % at the voltage range of −1.0 to −1.2 V vs. RHE, which is one of the highest among various kinds of reported electrocatalysts. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the catalytic sites in TMP‐CH3‐MCOF with unique moderate D‐π‐A interactions have suitable binding ability towards the reaction intermediate, which is beneficial for the formation of *HCOO and desorption of *HCOOH, thus effectively promoting the electroreduction of CO2 to formate.
Isolable T‐Shaped Planar Silyl Anion
Authors: Liu Xiaona , Dai Yuyang , Bao Qidi , Li Qianli , Chen Ning , Su Yuanting , Wang Xinping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSilyl anions have garnered significant attention due to their synthetic abilities. However, previously reported silyl anions have been limited to either trigonal‐pyramidal or trigonal‐planar geometries, which confine them primarily as nucleophiles in substitution reactions. Herein, we report the isolation of the unprecedented T‐shaped planar silyl anion salt 2 by employment of a geometrically constrained triamido pincer ligand. Theoretical calculations disclosed that the silicon centre in 2 possesses both a lone pair of electrons and an empty 3pz orbital. In addition to nucleophilic substitution reactions with Ph3PAuCl and W(CO)6, 2 readily undergoes oxidative additions with CO2 and 2,6‐dimethylphenylisonitrile at room temperature. Furthermore, under mild conditions, compound 2 cleaves Csp2−H, Csp2−H, and H−H bonds in 1,2,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzene, an intramolecular iPr group, and dihydrogen, representing the first examples of C−H and H−H activations mediated by a silyl anion, respectively. This work unveils new reactivity of silyl anions owing to the non‐classical geometry and electronic structure.
Multifunctional Buffer Layer Engineering for Efficient and Stable Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite and Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Xiaofei , Ding Yian , Bi Leyu , Yang Xin , Wang Jiarong , Wang Xiaoting , Liu Yuanzhong , Yan Yiran , Zhu Xiangrong , Huang Jin , Yang Liyou , Fu Qiang , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Lu Linfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are preferred for tandem applications due to their superior compatibility with diverse bottom solar cells. However, the solution processing and low formation energy of perovskites inevitably lead to numerous defects at both the bulk and interfaces. We report a facile and effective strategy for precisely modulating the perovskite by incorporating AlOx deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the top interface. We find that Al3+ can not only infiltrate the bulk phase and interact with halide ions to suppress ion migration and phase separation but also regulate the arrangement of energy levels and passivate defects on the perovskite surface and grain boundaries. Additionally, ALD‐AlOx exhibits an encapsulation effect through a dense interlayer. Consequently, the ALD‐AlOx treatment can significantly improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 21.80 % for 1.66 electron volt (eV) PSCs. A monolithic perovskite‐silicon TSCs using AlOx‐modified perovskite achieved a PCE of 28.5 % with excellent photothermal stability. More importantly, the resulting 1.55 eV PSC and module achieved a PCE of 25.08 % (0.04 cm2) and 21.01 % (aperture area of 15.5 cm2), respectively. Our study provides an effective way to efficient and stable wide‐band gap perovskite for perovskite‐silicon TSCs and paves the way for large‐area inverted PSCs.
Fate of flavonoids and theobromine in cocoa beans during roasting: Effect of time and temperature
Authors: Hermund Ditte B. , Larsen Louise Kirstein , Trangbæk Sara Riegels , Madsen Quoc‐Khanh Rose‐Marie Therese , Sørensen Ann‐Dorit Moltke , Kaya Jacob , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe content of phenolic compounds in chocolate depends on the processing of the cocoa from bean to bar. The aim of this study was to determine the fate of phenolic compounds and theobromine in cocoa beans during roasting at different temperatures. Based on a screening of 12 cocoa bean sorts, three beans (NM, NCC, and NB) with initial high total phenolic content (TPC) were selected for the roasting trial (100 and 150°C up to 20 min). The concentration of three major flavonoids ((−)‐catechin, (−)‐epicatechin and procyanidin B2) and one methylxanthine (theobromine) were evaluated in both raw and roasted beans. Results showed changes in the concentration of flavonoids and theobromine during roasting. Roasting at 150°C for 15 min was optimal for maintaining high flavonoid levels while reducing theobromine levels. However, sensory evaluation on final product is needed to confirm whether the suggested roasting condition would also result in a final product with pleasant sensory properties.
Ultralow shrinkage polyimide hybrid aerogel composite enhanced with organic fibers for thermal protection
Authors: Zhang Sizhao , Liu Chun , Wang Zhao , Wang Jing , Xu Guangyu , Shi Hongwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolyimide (PI) aerogels possess a rather potential in thermal protection material for aircraft, owing to their low thermal conductivity, high thermal stability, and low bulk density. However, the large shrinkage of pure PI aerogels is still a challenge in the complete preparation process. Herein, a kind of PI hybrid aerogel composite was prepared successfully by introducing polyurethane fiber as the reinforcing agent. The aerogel composite could realize the enhancement for the pure PI aerogels from a micro/macroscopic perspective, ultimately ensuring the ultralow shrinkage rate of 3.52%. Due to the inhibition of the shrinkage characteristic, the aerogel composite obtained achieved excellent thermal insulation, especially retaining a low temperature of 40.7°C despite the hot surface temperature reached up to 150°C. Besides, the lightweight low‐density, exceptional flame resistance, and self‐extinguishing properties were reflected from PI hybrid aerogel composite constructed, including the outstanding hydrophobic feature (water contact angle of 120°). The PI hybrid aerogel composite as prepared may be used for the thermal management of aircraft in a great measure, illustrating the feasible strategy of fabricating PI‐based aerogel composites.
Fabrication of three‐dimensional micropatterned hydrophobic surfaces by fused filament fabrication printing technology
Authors: Galvagno Sergio , Tammaro Loredana , Portofino Sabrina , Loffredo Fausta , De Girolamo Del Mauro Anna , Villani Fulvia , Pandolfi Giuseppe , Iovane Pierpaolo , Tassini Paolo , Borriello Carmela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the interest in structured hydrophobic surfaces has considerably grown, finding applications in many industrial fields, including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical. Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is a simple, rapid, and economic process to fabricate structured surfaces based on neat polymers and composite materials, allowing working with a wide variety of plastic materials. The manufactured surfaces show a roughness depending on the printing design and the printing resolution: this characteristic is ideal to achieve superhydrophobic properties. Furthermore, patterned surface structures can be printed by fused filament fabrication (FFF), so increasing the hydrophobic character of the samples; indeed, micro‐ and nanosurface structures are required to make a hydrophobic surface. In this study, 3D micropatterned textures of pillars were printed by FFF using polylactide (PLA) and polypropylene (PP) as polymer filaments and PLA/carbon nanotubes (PLA/CNTs) and PP/carbon fibers (PP/CF) as composite filaments. Morphologies of printed specimens were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Good correspondence was found between pillar dimensions and edge‐edge pillars distance of computer aided design (CAD) and composites 3D‐printed samples. Their wettability was evaluated by static contact angle (CA) measurements. Results clearly show a significant increase of water CA values up to 50% in all micropatterned samples with respect to flat surfaces. This improvement was achieved by surface microstructuring without the use of nanoparticles and/or chemical treatment.
Superconductivity in Twisted Bismuth Bilayers
Authors: Rodríguez Isaías , Valladares Renela M. , Hinojosa‐Romero David , Valladares Alexander , Valladares Ariel A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo twisted bismuth bilayers, TBB, each with 120 atoms, are studied using their electron density of states and their vibrational density of states using first‐principles calculations. Metallic character at the Fermi level is found for the non‐rotated sample as well as for each sample rotated 0.5°, 1.0°, 1.5°, 2.0°, 2.5°, 3.0°, 4.0°, 5.0°, 6.0°, 7.0°, 8.0°, and 10° with respect to each other. Assuming that the superconductivity is BCS‐type and the invariance of the Cooper pairing potential, a maximum superconducting temperature TC ≈1.8 K is predicted for a magic angle of 0.5° between the two bilayers, increasing the superconducting transition temperature from the experimentally measured value of 0.53 mK for the Wyckoff structure of crystalline bismuth.
Cross‐reactivity of hantavirus antibodies after immunization with PUUV antigens
Authors: Shkair Layaly , Sharma Diksha , Hamza Shaimaa , Garanina Ekaterina , Shakirova Venara , Khaertynova Ilsiyar , Markelova Maria , Pavelkina Vera , Rizvanov Albert , Khaiboullina Svetlana , Baranwal Manoj , Martynova Ekaterina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNephropathia epidemica (NE), caused by Puumala (PUUV) orthohantavirus, is endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). There are limited options for NE prevention in RT. Currently, available vaccines are made using Haantan (HNTV) orthohantavirus antigens. In this study, the efficacy of microvesicles (MVs) loaded with PUUV antigens to induce the humoral immune response in small mammals was analyzed. Additionally, the cross‐reactivity of serum from immunized small mammals and NE patients with HNTV, Dobrava, and Andes orthohantaviruses was investigated using nucleocapsid (N) protein peptide libraries. Finally, the selected peptides were analyzed for allergenicity, their ability to induce an autoimmune response, and their interaction with Class II HLA. Several N protein peptides were found to be cross‐reactive with serum from MVs immunized small mammals. These cross‐reactive epitopes were located in oligomerization perinuclear targeting and Daxx‐interacting domains. Most cross‐reactive peptides lack allergenic and autoimmune reactivity. Molecular docking revealed two cross‐reacting peptides, N6 and N19, to have good binding with three Class II HLA alleles. These peptides could be candidates for developing vaccines and therapeutics for NE.