bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Crosslinking Activity of 4-N-(4,5′,8-Trimethylpsoralen-4′-ylmethyl)-2′-deoxycytidine-containing Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Authors: Kobori Akio , Kohji Tomita , Nagae Yuko , Yamayoshi Asako , Murakami Akira 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Photocrosslinking oligonucleotides have been developed to investigate and control gene functions without damaging living systems. Here, 4-N-(4,5′,8-trimethylpsoralen-4′-ylmethyl)-2′-deoxycytidine-containing oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN(P)) was newly synthesized. Photocrosslinking studies revealed that ODN(P) sequence-selectively crosslinked to the target with the uridine in the U–C mismatch base-pair.
Long-term outcome in an uncemented, hydroxyapatite-coated total knee replacement
Authors: Melton J. T. K. , Mayahi R. , Baxter S. E. , Facek M. , Glezos C. 
Published: July 2012

A consecutive series of patients with a hydroxyapatite-coated uncemented total knee replacement (TKR) performed by a single surgeon between 1992 and 1995 was analysed. All patients were invited for clinical review and radiological assessment. Revision for aseptic loosening was the primary outcome. Assessment was based on the Knee Society clinical score (KSS) and an independent radiological analysis. Of 471 TKRs performed in 356 patients, 432 TKRs in 325 patients were followed for a mean of 16.4 years (15 to 18). The 39 TKRs in 31 patients lost to follow-up had a mean KSS of 176 (148 to 198) at a mean of ten years. There were revisions in 26 TKRs (5.5%), of which 11 (2.3%) were for aseptic loosening. Other further surgery was carried out on 49 TKRs (10.4%) including patellar resurfacing in 20, arthrolysis in 19, manipulation under anaesthetic in nine and extensor mechanism reconstruction in one.Survivorship at up to 18 years without aseptic loosening was 96% (95% confidence interval 91.9 to 98.1), at which point the mean KSS was 176 (134 to 200). Of 110 knees that underwent radiological evaluation, osteolysis was observed in five (4.5%), one of which was revised.These data indicate that uncemented hydroxyapatite-coated TKR can achieve favourable long-term survivorship, at least as good as that of cemented designs.
Does a mobile-bearing, high-flexion design increase knee flexion after total knee replacement?
Authors: Nutton R. W. , Wade F. A. , Coutts F. J. , van der Linden M. L. 
Published: July 2012

This prospective randomised controlled double-blind trial compared two types of PFC Sigma total knee replacement (TKR), differing in three design features aimed at improving flexion. The outcome of a standard fixed-bearing posterior cruciate ligament-preserving design (FB-S) was compared with that of a high-flexion rotating-platform posterior-stabilised design (RP-F) at one year after TKR.The study group of 77 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee comprised 37 men and 40 women, with a mean age of 69 years (44.9 to 84.9). The patients were randomly allocated either to the FB-S or the RP-F group and assessed pre-operatively and at one year post-operatively. The mean post-operative non-weight-bearing flexion was 107° (95% confidence interval (CI) 104° to 110°)) for the FB-S group and 113° (95% CI 109° to 117°) for the RP-F group, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.032). However, weight-bearing range of movement during both level walking and ascending a slope as measured during flexible electrogoniometry was a mean of 4° lower in the RP-F group than in the FB-S group, with 58° (95% CI 56° to 60°) versus 54° (95% CI 51° to 57°) for level walking (p = 0.019) and 56° (95% CI 54° to 58°) versus 52° (95% CI 48° to 56°) for ascending a slope (p = 0.044). Further, the mean post-operative pain score of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was significantly higher in the RP-F group (2.5 (95% CI 1.5 to 3.5) versus 4.2 (95% CI 2.9 to 5.5), p = 0.043).Although the RP-F group achieved higher non-weight-bearing knee flexion, patients in this group did not use this during activities of daily living and reported more pain one year after surgery.
Bone Morphogenic Protein‐2 Induces Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity in Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Muthukuru Manoj 
Published: July 2012

Background: Periodontal ligament (PDL) expresses endogenous growth factors, such as bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), which facilitate maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Inflammatory conditions, such as chronic periodontitis, could disrupt this homeostasis, and physiologic levels of growth factors may be insufficient to maintain tissue homeostasis. BMPs facilitate periodontal bone regeneration but also are implicated in causing tooth ankylosis and root resorption. The underlying mechanism of tooth ankylosis is unclear. However, there is evidence that BMPs induce apoptosis in progenitor cells. Little is known about BMP‐induced cytotoxicity in PDL cells, which contain a population of progenitor cells. The aim of this study is to determine BMP2‐induced osteogenic mediators and cytotoxic effects in PDL cells and compare these cells to osteoblasts.Methods: Human PDL cells and primary osteoblasts were stimulated with doses of 1 to 200 ng/mL BMP2. Expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in vitro mineralization along with osteonectin expression, induction of apoptosis, and cytotoxicity assays were performed.Results: PDL cells and osteoblasts upregulated ALP and in vitro mineralization in a dose‐dependent manner with BMP2 stimulation. However, at BMP2 concentrations >10 ng/mL, ALP, in vitro mineralization, and osteonectin were downregulated in PDL cells. Relative to osteoblasts, PDL cells were susceptible to apoptosis and cytotoxicity with 10 times lower concentration of BMP2.Conclusions: Relative to osteoblasts, PDL cells are susceptible to BMP2‐induced cytotoxicity. BMP‐induced tooth ankylosis is controversial and is poorly understood. Disruption of PDL homeostasis by BMP‐induced apoptosis could play a role in tooth ankylosis.
Hybrid dynamic stabilization: a biomechanical assessment of adjacent and supraadjacent levels of the lumbar spine
Authors: Mageswaran Prasath , Techy Fernando , Colbrunn Robb W. , Bonner Tara F. , McLain Robert F. 
Published: July 2012

Object
The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of hybrid dynamic stabilization on adjacent levels of the lumbar spine.

Methods
Seven human spine specimens from T-12 to the sacrum were used. The following conditions were implemented: 1) intact spine; 2) fusion of L4–5 with bilateral pedicle screws and titanium rods; and 3) supplementation of the L4–5 fusion with pedicle screw dynamic stabilization constructs at L3–4, with the purpose of protecting the L3–4 level from excessive range of motion (ROM) and to create a smoother motion transition to the rest of the lumbar spine. An industrial robot was used to apply continuous pure moment (± 2 Nm) in flexion-extension with and without a follower load, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Intersegmental rotations of the fused, dynamically stabilized, and adjacent levels were measured and compared.

Results
In flexion-extension only, the rigid instrumentation at L4–5 caused a 78% decrease in the segment's ROM when compared with the intact specimen. To compensate, it caused an increase in motion at adjacent levels L1–2 (45.6%) and L2–3 (23.2%) only. The placement of the dynamic construct at L3–4 decreased the operated level's ROM by 80.4% (similar stability as the fusion at L4–5), when compared with the intact specimen, and caused a significant increase in motion at all tested adjacent levels. In flexion-extension with a follower load, instrumentation at L4–5 affected only a subadjacent level, L5–sacrum (52.0%), while causing a reduction in motion at the operated level (L4–5, −76.4%). The dynamic construct caused a significant increase in motion at the adjacent levels T12–L1 (44.9%), L1–2 (57.3%), and L5–sacrum (83.9%), while motion at the operated level (L3–4) was reduced by 76.7%. In lateral bending, instrumentation at L4–5 increased motion at only T12–L1 (22.8%). The dynamic construct at L3–4 caused an increase in motion at T12–L1 (69.9%), L1–2 (59.4%), L2–3 (44.7%), and L5–sacrum (43.7%). In axial rotation, only the placement of the dynamic construct at L3–4 caused a significant increase in motion of the adjacent levels L2–3 (25.1%) and L5–sacrum (31.4%).

Conclusions
The dynamic stabilization system displayed stability characteristics similar to a solid, all-metal construct. Its addition of the supraadjacent level (L3–4) to the fusion (L4–5) did protect the adjacent level from excessive motion. However, it essentially transformed a 1-level lumbar fusion into a 2-level lumbar fusion, with exponential transfer of motion to the fewer remaining discs.
Parakeratotic-like cells in effusions — A clue to diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Gao Ling , Reeves Ward , DeMay Richard M. 
Published: July 2012

Background:
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Its incidence has been increasing worldwide. Cytological examination of an effusion is often the first opportunity to diagnose MM. However, the cytological diagnosis of MM can be difficult. We have noticed that parakeratotic-like cells, with orange cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei, are present in many cases of mesothelioma on Papanicolaou-stained cytology slides. Although this cytological finding has been described previously, to our knowledge, there has been no systematic study of this finding. Our study is to determine whether the presence of small parakeratotic / orangeophilic cells (PK-like cells) is specific for the cytodiagnosis of mesothelioma.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 90 body fluid cases were selected from our archived specimens in the Cytology Section at the University of Chicago Hospital accessioned between January 2000 to November 2011. They included 30 cases of mesothelioma, 30 cases of adenocarcinoma, and 30 cases of reactive mesothelial cells.

Results:
PK-like cells were present in 83% of the mesothelioma cases, 13% of the adenocarcinoma cases, and 7% of the reactive cases. Our data showed that the presence of PK-like cells has a specificity of 90%, sensitivity of 83%, positive predictive value of 81%, and negative predictive value of 84% for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma in body cavity fluids.

Conclusion:
The presence of PK-like cells in the effusion specimen, especially in pleural effusions, is a highly specific and moderately sensitive cytological feature for diagnosis of mesothelioma.
De novo microdeletion of 5q14.3 excluding MEF2C in a patient with infantile spasms, microcephaly, and agenesis of the corpus callosum
Authors: Shimojima Keiko , Okumura Akihisa , Mori Harushi , Abe Shinpei , Ikeno Mitsuru , Shimizu Toshiaki , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome has recently been recognized as a clinical entity manifesting as severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, and brain malformations. Analysis of the shortest region of overlap among patients with this syndrome and subsequent identification of nucleotide alterations in the coding region of myocyte enhancer factor 2C gene (MEF2C) have suggested MEF2C as the gene responsible for the 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome. We identified a de novo 3.4‐Mb deletion of 5q14.3 in a patient with infantile spasms, microcephaly, and brain malformation. The deleted region in the present patient was positional toward the centromere, and MEF2C was not included in the deleted region. However the neurological and dysmorphic features of the present patient resembled those of patients with the 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome. We consider that a positional effect is the likely explanation for this evidence. To study the precise mechanism of this positional effect, further information is required on patients showing atypical deletions neighboring MEF2C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial duplication of 13q31.3–q34 and deletion of 13q34 associated with diaphragmatic hernia as a sole malformation in a fetus
Authors: Jønch Aia E. , Larsen Lise G. , Pouplier Susanne , Nielsen Kate , Brøndum‐Nielsen Karen , Tümer Zeynep 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPartial duplications and deletions of chromosome 13 are rare and the phenotypic expressions of both aneuploidies are highly variable. Here we report on a fetus diagnosed prenatally with partial trisomy of 13q and a diaphragmatic hernia as a sole malformation. The parents had decided to terminate the pregnancy after the finding of diaphragmatic hernia by ultrasound scan, which was also confirmed by autopsy of the fetus. Subsequently chromosome analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) was carried out on fetal tissue. The chromosome analysis revealed additional material on chromosome 13, which was shown to be from the same chromosome, by FISH analysis. Array CGH demonstrated a partial duplication and a small deletion at the distal long arm of chromosome 13. The parents had normal karyotypes. This is the first case of a de novo pure partial duplication of 13q31.3–q34 and distal deletion of 13q34 with a phenotype apparently only involving a diaphragmatic hernia and three lung lobes on both sides. Microarray analysis was useful in refining the chromosomal imbalance and suggesting a candidate region for diaphragmatic hernia. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A general template for synthesis of hollow microsphere with well‐defined structure
Authors: Gao Ke‐Jing , Yi Jianjun , Mao Jing , Li Guangtao , Xu Bo‐Qing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUsing chitooligosaccharides (COS) as the backbones and polycaprolactones (PCL) as the branches, a novel type of amphiphilic graft copolymers with a large amount of free OH and NH2 groups remained on the COS backbones was synthesized. The obtained Chitooligosaccharide‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)(COS‐g‐PCL) was self‐assembled into giant vesicles which served as templates for the preparation of hollow spheres of a series of metals(Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, and Pd). The method involved the initial mixing of COS‐g‐PCL and metal‐containing groups or metal ions to generate corresponding complex, followed by adding the selective solvent of water to induce the self‐assembly of the graft copolymers into giant vesicles; Metal ions were reduced and crosslinked by a subsequent calcination procedure to form metal hollow spheres. In addition, hybrid hollow spheres with fluorescent quantum dots and silica hollow spheres were also prepared by slightly modified procedures. A preliminary study on the trinitrotoluene sensor of CdS/vesicle hybrid hollow spheres revealed a considerable sensitivity, which exemplifies the distinct properties imparted by the hybrid hollow structure. All of the results demonstrate that the giant vesicles self‐assembled from COS‐g‐PCL could be utilized as effective templates for the synthesis of various hollow spheres. Using Chitooligosaccharide‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) vesicles as general templates, the hollow spheres of a series of metals such as Au, Ag, Cu, and Pt were produced. The method involved the initial absorption of metal ions from solution into the functional surface layer of the graft copolymer giant vesicles. Metal ions were reduced and crosslinked by a subsequent calcination procedure to form metal hollow spheres. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Statistical Mechanics of Non‐Spherical Molecules: Spherical Harmonic Expansions on Non‐Spherical Surfaces
Authors: Kabadi Vinayak N. , Steele William A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSimple pseudo‐spherical harmonic expansions over non‐spherical surfaces are proposed for two body functions such as pair potentials and pair correlation functions of anisotropic fluids. It is shown that the thermodynamics of fluids with Gaussian overlap potential with constant well depth (GOCE fluids) can be calculated from only the leading terms in the expansions over equipotential surfaces. Resummation of the individual terms in the expansions of pair correlation functions over equipotential surfaces give molecular correlations for specific orientations which agreed very well with the same functions calculated directly during the simulations. These functions are used to bring out some significant differences in the structures of GOCE fluids and equivalent site‐site fluids. Support for this work by a grant from the Chemistry Division of the National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.
Depolarized Rayleigh Scattering from CO2: An Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Investigation
Authors: Murthy C. S. , Vallauri R. , Versmold H. , Zimmermann U. , Singer K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA direct comparison of experimental depolarized Rayleigh spectra of CO2 with those obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at two different statepoints are reported. For the MD simulations a three Lennard‐Jones centres and central point quadrupole moment (3LJC + Q) interaction model has been used. Total depolarized spectra as well as their constituents (a) orientational, (b) collision induced, and (c) cross spectra were calculated for two polarizability models: In the first centre‐centre (C‐C) model the molecular polarizability is placed in the centre of the molecules whereas in the second site‐site (S‐S) model two partial polarizabilities are placed on the O atom sites. At the lower density the spectra resulting from both polarizability models compare well with the experimental spectrum. At the high density both model spectra noticeably deviate from the experimental one: the C‐C model spectrum giving the better description. This result is in contradiction to a previous investigation based on a two Lennard‐Jones centres potential. Thus any assessment of the relative merits of the two polarizability models seem to be premature at this stage since the role played by the interaction potential is not fully understood.
Sorption of Strontium by Graphitic Materials
Authors: Hilpert K. , Gerads H. , Kobertz D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe sorption of Sr by graphitic materials used in high‐temperature gas‐cooled reactors was studied by applying high‐temperature mass spectro‐metry with a Knudsen cell and the isopiestic method. Sorption isotherms were determined for matrix graphite with Sr concentrations between 3.88 · 10−5 and 8.85 · 10−2 mol kg−1. The sorption enthalpies and partial pressures determined for concentrations greater than 1.5 · 10−4 mol kg−1 showed many properties of Freundlich isotherms. The evaluated vaporization enthalpies of Sr(e.g. ΔvH01660 = 447. 8 ± 7.7 kj mol−1 for a Sr concentration of 3.42 · 10−4 mol kg−1) indicate a strong chemisorption of Sr by graphite. An exceptionally high sorption capacity for Sr has been observed for nongraphitized coked resin binder.
Interlamellar Liquid Sorption on Hydrophobic Silicates
Authors: Dékány I. , Szántó F. , Weiss Armin , Lagaly G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA particular advantage of adsorption measurements on layer silicates is that the adsorption between the silicate layers can be followed by X‐ray measurements. — When the external and internal surface of the silicate montmorillonite is modified by increasing amounts of hexadecylpyridinium cations, the surface character changes from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The changes are evaluated from the excess adsorption isotherms for methanol‐benzene mixtures. The volume Vs of the adsorption phase derived from the isotherms is compared with the free interlayer volume Vf from X‐ray measurements. — On sodium montmorillonite methanol is preferentially adsorbed and the volume increase observed by X‐ray measurements coincides with Vs. If the sodium cations are progressively displaced by hexadecylpyridinium ions the azeotropic point of the type IV isotherms is shifted to lower mole fractions of methanol. The methanol molecules are increasingly displaced from the adsorption phase by benzene molecules. Vf becomes strikingly larger than Vs. — It is concluded that the adsorption layer is not homogeneous in the interlayer space: the methanol molecules are adsorbed on the silicate layers and the benzene molecules are in the vicinity of the hexadecylpyridinium ions. In addition to this adsorption layer the remaining volume is filled with methanol‐benzene mixtures having a composition different from the adsorbed phase and more similar to the bulk phase.
Photoelectrochemistry of CdSe in Sulfite Electrolyte
Authors: Tenne R. , Hodes G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCyclic voltammetry is used to discriminate between two light induced reactions occurring on the surface of CdSe electrodes: Oxidation of the sulfite solution and self oxidation of the crystal itself. The latter reaction (photoetching) can be used to improve the performance of any photoelectrochemical cell based on CdSe as is shown here. The charge transfer of holes to the SO2‐3 electrolyte appears to be the rate determining step with photogenerated Se dissolution in the electrolyte playing an appreciable, but lesser, role. SO2‐3 ions are shown to adsorb weakly onto the surface of CdSe — a conclusion that supports a previous study. Thus, sulfite solutions are less favorable for use in a photoelectrochemical cells with CdSe but they can be used to carry out controlled photoetching of the CdSe electrode which leads to a reduction of the density of defects on the surface of that electrode and increases its surface area considerably.
The Effect of Ionic Strength and Pressure on the Hydrolysis Equilibrium of Aquated Iron(III) Ions
Authors: Martinez P. , van Eldik R. , Kelm H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe ionic strength dependence of the hydrolysis constant of Fe(H2O)3+6 was studied at 25°C over the range 0 to 2.0 M as a function of pressure up to 120 MPa in perchlorate medium. The data are well described by the equation

where A and B are constants taken from the literature and K0 and α (quoted in brackets) have the values 6.46 · 10−3 (0.90), 5.85 · 10−3 (0.95), 5.52 · 10−3 (0.97) and 5.08 · 10−3 M (1.00 nm) at ambient, 40, 80 and 120 MPa pressure, respectively. The reaction volume, ΔṼ, for the hydrolysis process exhibits a significant increase with decreasing ionic strength, and has a limiting value of +4.8 ± 0.3 cm3 mol−1 at infinite dilution.
Cobaltous Oxide in an Oxygen Potential Gradient: Morphological Stability of the Phase Boundaries
Authors: Martin M. , Schmalzried H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIf the binary transition metal oxide Co1‐δO is exposed to an oxygen potential gradient, a steady state flux of cation vacancies from the high to the low potential and a corresponding flux of cobalt cations in the opposite direction are induced. Thereby, the crystal as a whole moves to the side of the higher oxygen activity. By solving the diffusion equation for the vacancy transport, the following results are obtained: At the reducing side, the Co1‐δO‐surface is morphologically unstable. At the oxidizing side, the surface is morphologically stable. In addition, the influence of surface tension, surface diffusion, phase boundary reaction and concentration dependence of the chemical diffusion coefficient on the movement of the crystal and the morphological stability of the gas/solid interfaces is analysed. The theoretical results are verified experimentally by exposing Co1‐δ O‐discs to oxygen potential gradients in various gas mixtures.