bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional hydrological drought in north‐western Europe: linking a new Regional Drought Area Index with weather types
Authors: Fleig Anne K. , Tallaksen Lena M. , Hisdal Hege , Hannah David M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLinks between severe hydrological droughts and weather types (WTs) were explored to improve the understanding of hydroclimatological processes involved in the development of regional hydrological drought in north‐western Europe. A new Regional Drought Area Index (RDAI) was developed, using daily streamflow, to represent the drought‐affected area. Daily RDAI series (1964–2001) were created for two regions with homogeneous drought behaviour in Denmark and four regions in Great Britain. An objective version of the Hess–Brezowsky Grosswetterlagen yielding 29 WTs was used. Regional drought characteristics, including duration and frequency, were found to vary considerably between regions. However, in 1976 and 1996, all regions experienced severe events, and these years were found to be the most severe drought years across the study region as a whole. The hydrological response time (i.e. the time over which WTs influence drought development) was found to vary markedly (45–210 days) between regions according to basin storage properties. WT‐frequency anomalies (FAs) before and during the onset of the five most severe droughts were identified for each region. The dominant drought‐yielding WTs changed between regions and between events within each region. High‐pressure systems centred over the respective region were most frequently associated with droughts as well as WTs with a northern (N, NE or NW) or a southern (S, SE or SW) airflow over the Danish and British regions. Five of the six WTs associated with drought for all regions represented a northern high‐pressure system (i.e. over Great Britain, Fennoscandia or the Norwegian Sea). This article demonstrates (1) hydrological response time to be fundamental in moderating drought response to mesoscale climatic drivers and (2) severe hydrological droughts may be caused by a complex set of hydroclimatological processes that vary between regions and events. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecast evaluation of small nested model sets
Authors: Hubrich Kirstin , West Kenneth D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe propose two new procedures for comparing the mean squared prediction error (MSPE) of a benchmark model to the MSPEs of a small set of alternative models that nest the benchmark. Our procedures compare the benchmark to all the alternative models simultaneously rather than sequentially, and do not require re‐estimation of models as part of a bootstrap procedure. Both procedures adjust MSPE differences in accordance with Clark and West (2007); one procedure then examines the maximum t‐statistic, while the other computes a chi‐squared statistic. Our simulations examine the proposed procedures and two existing procedures that do not adjust the MSPE differences: a chi‐squared statistic and White's (2000) reality check. In these simulations, the two statistics that adjust MSPE differences have the most accurate size, and the procedure that looks at the maximum t‐statistic has the best power. We illustrate our procedures by comparing forecasts of different models for US inflation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecast comparisons in unstable environments
Authors: Giacomini Raffaella , Rossi Barbara 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe propose new methods for comparing the out‐of‐sample forecasting performance of two competing models in the presence of possible instabilities. The main idea is to develop a measure of the relative local forecasting performance for the two models, and to investigate its stability over time by means of statistical tests. We propose two tests (the Fluctuation test and the One‐Time Reversal test) that analyze the evolution of the models' relative performance over historical samples. In contrast to previous approaches to forecast comparison, which are based on measures of global performance, we focus on the entire time path of the models' relative performance, which may contain useful information that is lost when looking for the model that forecasts best on average. We apply our tests to the analysis of the time variation in the out‐of‐sample forecasting performance of monetary models of exchange rate determination relative to the random walk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A self‐adaptive genetic algorithm‐artificial neural network algorithm with leave‐one‐out cross validation for descriptor selection in QSAR study
Authors: Wu Jingheng , Mei Juan , Wen Sixiang , Liao Siyan , Chen Jincan , Shen Yong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBased on the quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSARs) models developed by artificial neural networks (ANNs), genetic algorithm (GA) was used in the variable‐selection approach with molecule descriptors and helped to improve the back‐propagation training algorithm as well. The cross validation techniques of leave‐one‐out investigated the validity of the generated ANN model and preferable variable combinations derived in the GAs. A self‐adaptive GA‐ANN model was successfully established by using a new estimate function for avoiding over‐fitting phenomenon in ANN training. Compared with the variables selected in two recent QSAR studies that were based on stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) models, the variables selected in self‐adaptive GA‐ANN model are superior in constructing ANN model, as they revealed a higher cross validation (CV) coefficient (Q2) and a lower root mean square deviation both in the established model and biological activity prediction. The introduced methods for validation, including leave‐multiple‐out, Y‐randomization, and external validation, proved the superiority of the established GA‐ANN models over MLR models in both stability and predictive power. Self‐adaptive GA‐ANN showed us a prospect of improving QSAR model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Photoelectrocatalytic inactivation of E. coli XL‐1 blue colonies in water
Authors: Philippidis N. , Nikolakaki E. , Sotiropoulos S. , Poulios I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of the present work was the preparation of TiO2 P‐25 working electrodes on Ti substrates (TiO2/Ti), their characterization and the study of their photoelectrocatalytic activity towards the inactivation of E. coli XL‐1blue (E. Coli) colonies, used as model pathogenic bacteria, in a novel batch photoelectrochemical reactor.RESULTS: After annealing of the TiO2/Ti specimens at 500 °C, the surface morphology and crystal structure of the TiO2 film electrodes were examined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), while from differential capacitance measurements the flat band potential was calculated (Vfb = − 0.54 V versus Ag/AgCl). The results of photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) experiments concerning the disinfection of E. coli colonies were compared with those of electrochemical (EC) and photocatalytic (PC) inactivation of the pathogen and showed a significant synergy effect in the case of PEC disinfection, leading, at + 1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl cell voltage, to a 100% increase of the apparent rate constant, ko, in comparison with the simple photocatalytic process. Reuse experiments showed that the working electrode retains its effectiveness after, at least, 15 times of reuse.CONCLUSIONS: The photoelectrocatalytic inactivation of E. coli colonies has been studied under artificial illumination in a novel photoelectrocatalytic reactor. The inactivation of 103 CFU mL−1 E. coli colonies followed first‐order kinetics, while parameters such as type of semiconductor and concentration of the microorganisms play an important role affecting the reaction rate constant. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Preoperative localization of cystic lesions in the knee using ultrasound‐guided injection of indigo carmine
Authors: Park Hee‐Jin , Lee Sung‐Moon , Choi Jung‐Ah , Park Noh‐Hyuck , Kim Hyung‐Soo , Park Sung‐Il 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurpose.To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of preoperative localization of cystic lesions in the knee using ultrasound‐guided indigo carmine injection.Method.Twenty‐three cysts in the knee in 23 patients (M:F = 15:8, mean age, 42 years) were localized preoperatively by ultrasound‐guided indigo carmine injection. These included 12 meniscal cysts, 7 popliteal cysts, and 4 ganglion cysts. To stain the lesions, 0.2–3 mL of indigo carmine was injected into the cyst using a 22‐gauge spinal needle. After localization, the patient was immediately transferred to the operating room and surgery was performed. Intraoperative findings and arthroscopic images were reviewed.Result.All 23 cysts were stained successfully. Twenty cases were confirmed during arthroscopy and 3 cases were confirmed during excisional surgery. There was no significant bleeding/hematoma or anaphylactic reaction. Four patients felt pain during aspiration before indigo carmine injection. The lesions were stained blue and could be clearly identified by the surgeon and were removed arthroscopically or by open surgery.Conclusion.Preoperative localization of cystic lesions in the knee joint region using ultrasound‐guided indigo carmine injection is a feasible technique and can be easily and safely be performed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
The trials of theory: Psychology and institutionalist economics, 1910–1931
Authors: Bycroft Michael 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe rise of the institutionalist school of economics, in the 1910s and 1920s, has recently been given the historical attention it deserves. However, historical studies of the school have left two questions unanswered. First, to what extent was the institutionalist's interest in academic psychology (frequently declared in their meta‐economic writings) realized in their economic writings? Second, what evidence of a fruitful collaboration with institutional economics can be found in the work of psychologists? In this paper I consider the meta‐economic statements of three key institutionalists, Wesley C. Mitchell, John M. Clark, and Walton H. Hamilton, and two key economic works by Mitchell and Clark. I contend that these works show little systematic engagement of academic psychology. A study of psychological literature of the period yields the same conclusion; in particular, industrial psychology did not come into fruitful contact with institutional economics, despite the parallel interests of the two fields and their parallel rise after World War I. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel liquid–liquid extraction and stable isotope dilution NCI‐GC‐MS method for quantitation of agmatine in postmortem brain cortex
Authors: Chen Gary Gang , Turecki Gustavo , Mamer Orval A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe group of biologically important amines includes putrescine, spermidine and spermine, as well as agmatine, which is a guanidino‐amine. There is considerable evidence supporting a role of these amines in the etiology and pathology of mental disorders. We have previously developed a quantitative GC‐MS method for simultaneous measurement of three major polyamines to support our studies linking polyamines to mental disorders. However, a unique GC‐MS method is required for agmatine. To efficiently extract agmatine from postmortem brain tissues, we developed an isopropanol based liquid–liquid extraction protocol using potassium carbonate as a salting‐out agent which showed a much greater recovery than n‐butanol used in earlier methods. The GC‐MS analysis employed hexafluoroacetylacetone as derivatization reagent and was carried out using negative chemical ionization with total ion and selected ion monitoring. 15N4‐Agmatine was synthesized from 15N4‐L‐arginine and used as internal standard in a conventional stable isotope dilution assay. This method accurately measures the level of agmatine from very small quantities (10–20 mg) of postmortem brain tissue, with a quantitation limit down to 1 ng/g of wet tissue. The limit of detection is 0.01 ng/g of wet tissue. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel D3 dopamine receptor‐preferring agonist D‐264: Evidence of neuroprotective property in Parkinson's disease animal models induced by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine and lactacystin
Authors: Li Chao , Biswas S. , Li Xingang , Dutta A.K. , Le Weidong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder, is known to be caused by diverse pathological conditions resulting from dysfunction of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS), mitochondria, and oxidative stress leading to preferential nigral dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra. In the present study, we evaluated the novel D3 receptor‐preferring agonist D‐264 in a mouse model of PD to evaluate its neuroprotective properties against both the nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐ and the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin‐induced dopaminergic degeneration. C57BL/6 male mice either were given MPTP by intraperitoneal injection twice per day for 2 successive days at a dose 20 mg/kg or were microinjected with lactacystin bilaterally (1.25 μg/side) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Pretreatment with D‐264 (1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once per day), started 7 days before administration of MPTP or lactacystin. We found that D‐264 significantly improved behavioral performance, attenuated both MPTP‐ and lactacystin‐induced DA neuron loss, and blocked proteasomal inhibition and microglial activation in the substantia nigra (SN). Furthermore, D‐264 treatment was shown to increase the levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line‐derived factor (GDNF) in MPTP‐ and lactacystin‐treated mice, possibly indicating, at least in part, the mechanism of neuroprotection by D‐264. Furthermore, pretreatment with the D3 receptor antagonist U99194 significantly altered the effect of neuroprotection conferred by D‐264. Collectively, our study demonstrates that D‐264 can prevent neurodegeneration induced by the selective neurotoxin MPTP and the UPS inhibitor lactacystin. The results indicate that D‐264 could potentially serve as a symptomatic and neuroprotective treatment agent for PD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Timing and style of Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Queer Shan, northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Liubing , Ou Xianjiao , Lai Zhongping , Zhou Shangzhe , Wang Jie , Fu Yingchun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGlacial landforms and sediments provide evidence for the existence of two Late Pleistocene major glacial advances in the Queer Shan, northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. In the current study, optically stimulated luminescence and electron spin resonance dating results reveal that the two glacial advances occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in MIS 2, respectively. Geomorphic evidence shows that the glacial advance during MIS 3 was more extensive than that in MIS 2. This glacial advance is synchronous with other glaciated areas in the Himalaya and Tibet, but contrasts with global ice volumes that reached their maximum extent during the LGM. Glaciers in the Queer Shan are of the summer accumulation type and are mainly fed by precipitation from the south Asian monsoon. Palaeoclimate proxies show that during MIS 3 the south Asian monsoon strengthened and extended further north into the Tibetan Plateau to supply more precipitation as snow at high altitudes. This in turn led to positive glacier mass balances and caused glaciers to advance. However, during the LGM, despite cooler temperature than in MIS 3, the weakened south Asian monsoon and the associated reduced precipitation were not as favourable for glacier expansion as in MIS 3. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumers' purchase intention of organic food in China
Authors: Yin Shijiu , Wu Linhai , Du Lili , Chen Mo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The global market for organic food has developed significantly in the past decade. The organic food industry in China is export oriented, with production growing rapidly, although the domestic market remains relatively small. This paper surveys 432 consumers from three cities in China, consequently establishing a logit model to analyse the main factors affecting consumers' choice for organic food.RESULTS: The result indicates that Chinese consumers' intent to purchase organic food is strongly affected by factors such as income, degree of trust in organic food, degree of acceptance of organic food price, and consumers' concern on self‐health. This intent is only slightly affected by factors such as consumers' age, education level and concern about environmental protection.CONCLUSION: Based on the results, the following measures are recommended: reduce the cost of organic food through multiple channels to cut down the market price; establish and perfect the supervision system of organic food; and promote organic food through various channels. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal irinotecan in a pig model
Authors: Turcotte Simon , Sideris Lucas , Younan Rami , Drolet Pierre , Dubé Pierre 
Published: April 2010

AbstractComplete surgical cytoreduction of peritoneal implants and immediate intraperitoneal (lP) chemotherapy offers the greatest survival in selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. This study was undertaken to describe the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of normothermic intraperitoneal CPT‐11, free and glucuronized SN‐38, in a pig model. Thirteen pigs were used for experimentation. Animals were grouped for IV and IP CPT‐1 1 administration. Eleven pigs underwent laparotomy through a midline incision and instillation of 100, 200, and 400mg IP CPT‐11. Systemic venous blood, portal blood and peritoneal fluid samples were taken at 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 min, then every hour up to 8 hr for the 100 mg. For the three groups, peritoneal CPT‐11 exposition was on average 4.9 times greater in the peritoneum than in the systemic venous or portal circulations and the systemic CPT‐11 fraction absorbed from the peritoneum linearly increased with time. Free SN‐38 was measurable in the earliest peritoneal samples taken. The initial instillation dose of CPT‐11 did not impact on the SN‐38 converted fraction, which remained stable at approximately 0.04% during the first 4 hour. Mean peritoneal SN‐38: CPT‐11 AUC ratio was 0.043. OPT‐11 peritoneal conversion into SN‐38 appeared slightly Inferior to the systemic conversion ratio. This norrnothermic IP OPT‐11 pharmacokinetic study performed in a pig model confirms the possibility to achieve at least a 30 times higher peritoneal than systemic exposure. Peritoneal exposure to active SN‐38 begins at the moment of CPT‐11 peritoneal instillation. A fixed and small traction of less than 0.1% of CPT‐11 is converted into SN‐38, underlying the importance of a sufficient initial IP dose of CPT‐11. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:637–642. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct Sub‐Micrometer‐Patterning of Conjugated Polymers and Polymer Light‐Emitting Devices by Electron Beam Lithography
Authors: Fisslthaler Evelin , Sezen Meltem , Plank Harald , Blümel Alexander , Sax Stefan , Grogger Werner , List Emil J. W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe lateral pattering of polymer light emitting devices (PLEDs) on the micro‐ and even sub‐micrometer level is a challenging task. Being able to fabricate devices with sub‐micrometer active device dimensions will, however, open new possibilities for fundamental studies as well as enable improvements in device performance. Therefore, in this study an electron beam‐based patterning method for conjugated polymers is evaluated, where the structuring is achieved by deliberate degradation and alteration of the molecular structure accompanied by a change in the emission properties. We find that the typical feature size accomplished with this method is approx. 2 µm for the active line width in PLEDs, while the in‐depth investigation of the structures shows that the lateral resolution is found to be approx. 500 nm.magnified image
Amphiphilic Core/Shell Nanoparticles to Reduce Biocide Leaching From Treated Wood, 1 – Leaching and Biological Efficacy
Authors: Salma Umme , Chen Ning , Richter Dana L. , Filson Paul B. , Dawson‐Andoh Benjamin , Matuana Laurent , Heiden Patricia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCore/shell nanoparticles containing the fungicide tebuconazole were prepared from amphiphilic copolymers of gelatin grafted with MMA. The grafting was performed in water at levels of 1.5–15 wt.‐% solids based on matrix mass, to give core/shell nanoparticles with median diameters ranging from ≈200 to 400 or ≈10 to 100 nm depending on composition, conditions used, and work‐up. The biocide‐containing nanoparticles were delivered into wood in up to 85% efficiency. Wood blocks treated with tebuconazole‐containing nanoparticles leached less tebuconazole than wood blocks treated with tebuconazole solutions. The best nanoparticle formulations afforded wood blocks with a biological efficacy comparable to solution‐treated wood block controls in soil jar decay tests.magnified image
Micelles‐Encapsulated Microcapsules for Sequential Loading of Hydrophobic and Water‐Soluble Drugs
Authors: Tong Weijun , Zhu Yi , Wang Zhipeng , Gao Changyou , Möhwald Helmuth 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly was conducted on CaCO3 microparticles pre‐doped with polystyrene‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) (PS‐b‐PAA) micelles, and resulted in micelles encapsulation in the microcapsules after core removal. Distribution of the micelles in the templates and capsules was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The micelles inside the capsules connected with each other to form a chain and network‐like structure with a higher density near the capsule walls. The hydrophobic PS cores were then able to load small uncharged hydrophobic drugs while the negatively charged PAA corona could induce spontaneous deposition of water‐soluble positively charged drugs such as doxorubicin.magnified image
Copolymerization of Ethylene with Sterically Hindered 3,3‐Dimethyl‐1‐Butene Using a Chain‐Walking Pd‐Diimine Catalyst
Authors: Xiang Peng , Ye Zhibin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this Communication, the copolymerization of ethylene with a sterically hindered α‐olefin comonomer, γ‐trisubstituted 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐butene (DMB), using a chain‐walking Pd‐diimine catalyst, [(ArNC(Me)(Me)CNAr)Pd(CH3)(NCMe)]SbF6 (Ar2,6‐(iPr)2C6H3) (1) is reported. In spite of its high steric bulkiness in the close proximity of the double bond, appreciable DMB incorporations (up to 3 mol‐%) are successfully achieved in the copolymers. The chain microstructure of the copolymers is elucidated, and the effect of DMB incorporation on polymer topology and thermal properties are examined. This work thus demonstrates the high capability of the Pd‐diimine catalyst in incorporating sterically encumbered α‐olefins.magnified image