bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital Costs and Revenue Are Similar for Resuscitated Out‐of‐hospital Cardiac Arrest and ST‐segment Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Swor Robert , Lucia Victoria , McQueen Kelly , Compton Scott 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Care provided to patients who survive to hospital admission after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) is sometimes viewed as expensive and a poor use of hospital resources. The objective was to describe financial parameters of care for patients resuscitated from OOHCA.Methods:  This was a retrospective review of OOHCA patients admitted to one academic teaching hospital from January 2004 to October 2007. Demographic data, length of stay (LOS), and discharge disposition were obtained for all patients. Financial parameters of patient care including total cost, net revenue, and operating margin were calculated by hospital cost accounting and reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). Groups were dichotomized by survival to discharge for subgroup analysis. To provide a reference group for context, similar financial data were obtained for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients admitted during the same time period, reported with medians and IQRs.Results:  During the study period, there were 72 admitted OOCHA patients and 404 STEMI patients. OOCHA and STEMI groups were similar for age, sex, and insurance type. Overall, 27 (38.6%) OOHCA patients survived to hospital discharge. Median LOS for OOHCA patients was 4 days (IQR = 1–8 days), with most of those hospitalized for ≤4 days (n = 34, 81.0% dying or discharged to hospice care). Median net revenue ($17,334 [IQR $7,015–$37,516] vs. $16,466 [IQR = $14,304–$23,678], p = 0.64) and operating margin ($7,019 [IQR = $1,875–$15,997] vs. $7,098 [IQR = $3,767–$11,138], p = 0.83) for all OOHCA patients were not different from STEMI patients. Net income for OOCHA patients was not different than for STEMI patients (–$322 vs. $114, p = 0.72).Conclusions:  Financial parameters for OOHCA patients are similar to those of STEMI patients. Financial issues should not be a negative incentive to providing care for these patients.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:612–616 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Augmentation of the Cooling Capacity of Refrigerated Fluid by Minimizing Heat Gain of the Fluid Using a Simple Method of Cold Insulation
Authors: Lee Byung Kook , Jeung Kyung Woon , Lee Seung Cheol , Min Yong Il , Ryu Hyun Ho , Kim Mu Jin , Lee Hyoung Youn , Heo Tag 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:  This study was undertaken to determine how rapidly refrigerated fluids gain heat during bolus infusion and to determine whether the refrigerated fluids could be kept cold by a simple cold‐insulation method.Methods:  One liter of refrigerated fluid was run through either a 16‐gauge catheter (16G(–) and 16G(+) groups) or an 18‐gauge catheter (18G(–) and 18G(+) groups) while monitoring the temperature in the fluid bag and the outflow site. In the 16G(+) and the 18G(+) groups, the fluid bag was placed with an ice pack inside an insulating sleeve during the fluid run.Results:  In the 16G(–) and the 18G(–) groups, the outflow temperature increased to 10–12°C during the fluid run. Meanwhile, outflow temperatures in the 16G(+) and the 18G(+) groups remained below 4.6 and 6.8°C, respectively. The temperatures differed significantly between the 16G(–) and the 16G(+) groups (p < 0.001) and between the 18G(–) and the 18G(+) groups (p < 0.001), respectively.Conclusions:  Substantial heat gain occurred in the refrigerated fluid even during the relatively short duration of bolus infusion. The heat gain could, however, be easily minimized by cold insulation of the fluid bag.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:673–675 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Factors Associated With Positive D‐dimer Results in Patients Evaluated for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Kabrhel Christopher , Mark Courtney D. , Camargo Carlos A. , Plewa Michael C. , Nordenholz Kristen E. , Moore Christopher L. , Richman Peter B. , Smithline Howard A. , Beam Daren M. , Kline Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Available D‐dimer assays have low specificity and may increase radiographic testing for pulmonary embolism (PE). To help clinicians better target testing, this study sought to quantify the effect of risk factors for a positive quantitative D‐dimer in patients evaluated for PE.Methods:  This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Emergency department (ED) patients evaluated for PE with a quantitative D‐dimer were eligible for inclusion. The main outcome of interest was a positive D‐dimer. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined by multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted estimates of relative risk were also calculated.Results:  A total of 4,346 patients had D‐dimer testing, of whom 2,930 (67%) were women. A total of 2,500 (57%) were white, 1,474 (34%) were black or African American, 238 (6%) were Hispanic, and 144 (3%) were of other race or ethnicity. The mean (±SD) age was 48 (±17) years. Overall, 1,903 (44%) D‐dimers were positive. Model fit was adequate (c‐statistic = 0.739, Hosmer and Lemeshow p‐value = 0.13). Significant positive predictors of D‐dimer positive included female sex; increasing age; black (vs. white) race; cocaine use; general, limb, or neurologic immobility; hemoptysis; hemodialysis; active malignancy; rheumatoid arthritis; lupus; sickle cell disease; prior venous thromboembolism (VTE; not under treatment); pregnancy and postpartum state; and abdominal, chest, orthopedic, or other surgery. Warfarin use was protective. In contrast, several variables known to be associated with PE were not associated with positive D‐dimer results: body mass index (BMI), estrogen use, family history of PE, (inactive) malignancy, thrombophilia, trauma within 4 weeks, travel, and prior VTE (under treatment).Conclusions:  Many factors are associated with a positive D‐dimer test. The effect of these factors on the usefulness of the test should be considered prior to ordering a D‐dimer.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:589–597 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
External Validation of the Clinical Dehydration Scale for Children With Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Bailey Benoit , Gravel Jocelyn , Goldman Ran D. , Friedman Jeremy N. , Parkin Patricia C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to validate the clinical dehydration scale (CDS) for children with gastroenteritis in a different pediatric emergency department (ED) from where it was initially derived and validated.Methods:  A prospective cohort study was performed in a tertiary care pediatric ED over a 1‐year period. A sample of triage nurses were trained in applying the CDS. The CDS consists of four clinical characteristics (general appearance, eyes, mucous membranes, and tears), each of which are scored 0, 1, or 2 for a total score of 0 to 8, with 0 representing no dehydration; 1 to 4, some dehydration; and 5 to 8, moderate/severe dehydration. Children 1 month to 5 years of age with vomiting and/or diarrhea who had the CDS documented at triage and a final diagnosis of gastroenteritis, gastritis, or enteritis were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included a chronic disease, treatment with intravenous (IV) rehydration within the previous 24 hours, visit to the ED for the same illness in the 7 days prior to arrival, and diarrhea of more than 10 days’ duration. The primary outcome was the length of stay (LOS) in the ED from the time of seeing a physician to discharge, analyzed with a Kruskal‐Wallis test.Results:  From April 2008 to March 2009, 150 patients with a mean (±SD) age of 22 (±14) months (range = 4 months to 4 years) were enrolled. Fifty‐six patients had no dehydration, 74 had some dehydration, and 20 had moderate/severe dehydration. The median LOS in the ED after being seen by a physician was significantly longer as children appeared more dehydrated according to the CDS: 54 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] = 26–175 minutes), 128 minutes (IQR = 25–334 minutes), and 425 minutes (IQR = 218–673 minutes) for the no, some, and moderate/severe dehydration groups, respectively (p < 0.001).Conclusions:  The CDS has been further validated in children with gastroenteritis in a different pediatric center than the original one where it was developed. It is a good predictor of LOS in the ED after being seen by a physician.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:583–588 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Root caries risk indicators: a systematic review of risk models
Authors: Ritter André V. , Shugars Daniel A. , Bader James D. 
Published: June 2010

Ritter AV, Shugars DA, Bader JD. Root caries risk indicators: a systematic review of risk models. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 383–397. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Objective:  To identify risk indicators that are associated with root caries incidence in published predictive risk models.Methods:  Abstracts (n = 472) identified from a MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane registry search were screened independently by two investigators to exclude articles not in English (n = 39), published prior to 1970 (none), or containing no information on either root caries incidence, risk indicators, or risk models (n = 209). A full‐article duplicate review of the remaining articles (n = 224) selected those reporting predictive risk models based on original/primary longitudinal root caries incidence studies. The quality of the included articles was assessed based both on selected criteria of methodological standards for observational studies and on the statistical quality of the modeling strategy. Data from these included studies were extracted and compiled into evidence tables, with information about the cohort location, incidence period, sample size, age of the study participants, risk indicators included in the model, root caries incidence, modeling strategy, significant risk indicators/predictors, and parameter estimates and statistical findings.Results:  Thirteen articles were selected for data extraction. The overall quality of the included articles was poor to moderate. Root caries incidence ranged from 12% to 77% (mean ± SD = 45 ± 17%); follow‐up time of the published studies was ≤ 10 years (range = 9; median = 3); sample size ranged from 23‐723 (mean ± SD = 264 ± 203; median = 261); person‐years ranged from 23 to 1540 (mean ± SD = 760 ± 556; median = 746). Variables most frequently tested and significantly associated with root caries incidence were (times tested; % significant; directionality): baseline root caries (12; 58%; positive); number of teeth (7; 71%; three times positive, twice negative), and plaque index (4; 100%; positive). Ninety‐two other clinical and nonclinical variables were tested: 27 were tested three times or more and were significant between 9% and 100% of the times tested; and 65 were tested but never significant.Conclusions:  The root caries incidence indicators/predictors most frequently reported were root caries prevalence at baseline, number of teeth, and plaque index. This finding can guide targeted root caries prevention. There was substantial variation among published models of root caries risk in terms of variable selection, sample size, cohort location, assessment methods, incidence periods, association directionality, and analytical techniques. Future studies should emphasize variables frequently tested and often significant, and validate existing models in independent databases.
Tattoo inks contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that additionally generate deleterious singlet oxygen
Authors: Regensburger Johannes , Lehner Karin , Maisch Tim , Vasold Rudolf , Santarelli Francesco , Engel Eva , Gollmer Anita , König Burkhard , Landthaler Michael , Bäumler Wolfgang 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Tattoo inks contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that additionally generate deleterious singlet oxygen. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e275–e281.Abstract:  In the past years, tattoos have become very popular worldwide, and millions of people have tattoos with mainly black colours. Black tattoo inks are usually based on soot, are not regulated and may contain hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Part of PAHs possibly stay lifelong in skin, absorb UV radiation and generate singlet oxygen, which may affect skin integrity. Therefore, we analysed 19 commercially available tattoo inks using HPLC and mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of PAHs in the different inks ranged from 0.14 to 201 μg/g tattoo ink. Benz(a)pyrene was found in four ink samples at a mean concentration of 0.3 ± 0.2 μg/g. We also found high concentrations of phenol ranging from 0.2 to 385 μg/g tattoo ink. PAHs partly show high quantum yields of singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) in the range from 0.18 to 0.85. We incubated keratinocytes with extracts of different inks. Subsequent UVA irradiation decreased the mitochondrial activity of cells when the extracts contained PAHs, which sufficiently absorb UVA and show simultaneously high ΦΔ value. Tattooing with black inks entails an injection of substantial amounts of phenol and PAHs into skin. Most of these PAHs are carcinogenic and may additionally generate deleterious singlet oxygen inside the dermis when skin is exposed to UVA (e.g. solar radiation).
Mast cell lines HMC‐1 and LAD2 in comparison with mature human skin mast cells – drastically reduced levels of tryptase and chymase in mast cell lines
Authors: Guhl Sven , Babina Magda , Neou Angelos , Zuberbier Torsten , Artuc Metin 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Mast cell lines HMC‐1 and LAD2 in comparison with mature human skin mast cells – drastically reduced levels of tryptase and chymase in mast cell lines. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 845–847.Abstract:  To circumvent the costly isolation procedure associated with tissue mast cells (MC), two human MC lines, i.e. HMC‐1 and LAD2, are frequently employed, but their relation to mature MC is unknown. Here, we quantitatively assessed their expression of MC markers in direct comparison to skin MC (sMC). sMC expressed all lineage markers at highest and HMC‐1 cells at lowest levels. LAD2 cells expressed comparable high‐affinity IgE receptor α (FcεRIα) and FcεRIγ but less FcεRIβ than sMC and displayed slightly reduced, but robust FcεRI‐mediated histamine release. Only minor differences were found for total histamine content and c‐Kit expression. Huge, and to this level unexpected, differences were found for MC tryptase and chymase, with sMC >>> LAD2 > HMC‐1. Taken together, HMC‐1 cells represent very immature malignantly transformed MC, whereas LAD2 cells can be considered intermediately differentiated. Because of the minute levels of MC proteases, MC lines can serve as surrogates of tissue MC to a limited degree only.
Azelaic acid modulates the inflammatory response in normal human keratinocytes through PPARγ activation
Authors: Mastrofrancesco Arianna , Ottaviani Monica , Aspite Nicaela , Cardinali Giorgia , Izzo Enzo , Graupe Klaus , Zouboulis Christos C , Camera Emanuela , Picardo Mauro 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Azelaic acid modulates the inflammatory response in normal human keratinocytes through PPARγ activation. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 813–820.Abstract:  Azelaic acid (AzA), a nine‐carbon dicarboxylic acid, is an agent for the topical treatment of acne. It has also been shown to be effective in rosacea; however, the mechanism of action has not been clarified. Because inflammation is a common feature of both conditions, we investigated the effects of azelaic acid on the inflammatory response of normal human keratinocytes to ultraviolet B light, which is a photosensitizer agent in rosacea. AzA, at 20 mm, a concentration achievable following topical application of a 15% gel, suppresses ultraviolet B light‐induced interleukins‐1β, ‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α mRNA expression and protein secretion. Mechanistically, azelaic acid significantly reduced the ultraviolet B light‐induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kB p65 subunit and the phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen and stress‐activated protein kinase. Moreover, as peroxisome proliferators–activated receptor γ, (PPARγ) which has a crucial role in the control of inflammation, is activated by fatty acids and products of lipid peroxidation, we further investigated the effect of azelaic acid on the expression of this nuclear receptor. AzA induced peroxisome proliferators–activated receptor‐γ mRNA and its transcriptional activity. The PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abrogated the inhibitory effects of AzA on the UVB‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines release and on the cell proliferation. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the activity of azelaic acid and lands additional evidences for its therapeutic effects on inflammatory skin diseases, such as rosacea.
Population density, growth and reproduction of arapaima in an Amazonian river‐floodplain
Authors: Arantes C. C. , Castello L. , Stewart D. J. , Cetra M. , Queiroz H. L. 
Published: June 2010

Arantes CC, Castello L, Stewart DJ, Cetra M, Queiroz HL. Population density, growth and reproduction of arapaima in an Amazonian river‐floodplain. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 455–465. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Compensatory density effects are key features of fish population dynamics that remain poorly understood in tropical river‐floodplains. We investigated possible compensatory growth and reproductive processes for a river‐floodplain population ofArapaimasp., an extinction‐prone fish species of South America. Body growth was studied through analysis of ring patterns on the scales, and size and age at sexual maturity was studied through analysis of female gonads. Growth and maturity were compared for unmanaged conditions with relatively low population density (in 1990s) versus managed conditions with markedly higher density (in 2005–2006); between 1999 and 2005–2006, abundance increased 7.3 fold. Results contradict theoretical expectations for slower growth and delayed reproduction at higher population density. Total lengths of arapaima at low population density were significantly shorter for age classes 1–5 compared with lengths of those age classes at high population density (ancova,P < 0.0001 for both slopes and intercepts). Total length at 50% maturity (L50) only declined about 4% with increasing density (e.g., 164 cm at low density vs. 157 cm at high density). Apparent faster growth at high density and only a slight change in size at maturity resulted in fishes spawning at an earlier age with high density conditions (age 3 vs. age 4–5). We hypothesise that these patterns reflect compliance with minimum size limits of catch during the high density (managed) situation, where there was no harvest of immature fishes. Compliance with minimum size limits, thus, may have led to faster average body growth rate and earlier reproduction, which has greatly promoted population recovery.
Effects of littoral habitat complexity and sunfish composition on fish production
Authors: Carey M. P. , Maloney K. O. , Chipps S. R. , Wahl D. H. 
Published: June 2010

Carey MP, Maloney KO, Chipps SR, Wahl DH. Effects of littoral habitat complexity and sunfish composition on fish production. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 466–476. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Habitat complexity is a key driver of food web dynamics because physical structure dictates resource availability to a community. Changes in fish diversity can also alter trophic interactions and energy pathways in food webs. Few studies have examined the direct, indirect, and interactive effects of biodiversity and habitat complexity on fish production. We explored the effects of habitat complexity (simulated vegetation), sunfish diversity (intra‐ vs. inter‐specific sunfish), and their interaction using a mesocosm experiment. Total fish production was examined across two levels of habitat complexity (low: 161 strands m−2and high: 714 strands m−2) and two sunfish diversity treatments: bluegill only (Lepomis macrochirus) and bluegill, redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus), and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) combination. We also measured changes in total phosphorus, phytoplankton, periphyton, and invertebrates to explain patterns in fish production. Bluegill and total fish production were unaffected by the sunfish treatments. Habitat complexity had a large influence on food web structure by shifting primary productivity from pelagic to a more littoral pathway in the high habitat treatments. Periphyton was higher with dense vegetation, leading to reductions in total phosphorus, phytoplankton, cladoceran abundance and fish biomass. In tanks with low vegetation, bluegill exhibited increased growth. Habitat complexity can alter energy flow through food webs ultimately influencing higher trophic levels. The lack of an effect of sunfish diversity on fish production does not imply that conserving biodiversity is unimportant; rather, we suggest that understanding the context in which biodiversity is important to food web dynamics is critical to conservation planning.
Detection of meticillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in newborn infants using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Authors: Francis ST , Rawal S , Roberts H , Riley P , Planche T , Kennea NL 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective:  Meticillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization on neonatal units is a common and important clinical problem. Effectiveness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting MRSA nasal colonization of infants was evaluated and compared to culture‐based methods. The effect of skin decolonization in affected infants was studied.Methods:  Paired nasal swabs were collected from infants in our neonatal unit over a 12‐month period (September 2007–2008). Colonization with MRSA was determined with a commercially available PCR method and compared to culture.Results:  A total of 696 paired nasal swabs were taken. Three infants were colonized at the beginning and were included. There were positive PCRs in 12 infants. Five infants cultured MRSA from a nasal swab at the same time. No infants were culture‐positive when PCR was negative (sensitivity 100%, specificity 99% compared to culture). PCR results were available within 24 h. Five infants were PCR+ and isolated meticillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. This organism gave a false‐positive PCR result. Two infants transferred in on broad‐spectrum antibiotics were PCR+ and negative by culture. Decolonization led to negative nasal PCR and culture in 4/5 infants to discharge.Conclusions: PCR methods are sensitive and specific for detection of MRSA colonization in newborn infants of all gestations with results 1–2 days before culture.