bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal nematodes of Coccymys ruemmleri (Rodentia, Muridae) with the description Montistrongylus giluwensis sp. nov. (Heligmonellidae) and Syphacia coccymyos sp. nov. (Oxyuridae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Smales Lesley 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFive species of nematode were collected from the digestive tracts of 10 Coccymys ruemmleri from Papua New Guinea. Montistrongylus giluwensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congener by its size, in having more ridges in the synlophe, longer spicules and the form of the cuticle on the female posterior end. Syphacia (S.) coccymyos can be distinguished from all other species in the subgenus by having a laterally extended dorso-ventrally constricted oval cephalic plate and both cervical and lateral alae, together with the combination spicule length and egg size. The helminth assemblage had similar species richness to that of Chiruromys vates with Odilia mackerrasae the only species in common.
Description of Maritrema portucalensis sp. nov. (Digenea, Microphallidae) parasite of Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Aveiro estuary, Northern Portugal
Authors: Pina Susana , Russell-Pinto Fernanda , Rodrigues Pedro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMaritrema portucalensis sp. nov. (Digenea, Microphallidae) from Aveiro estuary, northern Portugal, is described on the basis of excysted metacercariae obtained from the gill lamellae of the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.). M. portucalensis sp. nov. most closely resembles Maritrema subdolum Jägerskiöld, 1909, a species that also frequently uses C. maenas as second intermediate host. The new species differs from M. subdolum in having a narrower body at the level of testes and a smaller ovary and testes. Also, the digestive caeca presented various folds along their length, thickening in the terminal region. Moreover, the body surface was fully covered by tegumental spines provided with several teeth. To complement our morphological characterization and to identify M. portucalensis metacercariae, the ITS1 rDNA region of the cysts isolated from C. maenas was sequenced and compared with the corresponding available sequences of digenean trematodes belonging to the family Microphallidae. Alignments revealed 28 base-pair differences between the query-ITS1 and that of M. subdolum, and more importantly a 100% similarity with the sequence of Microphallidae sp. no. 15 cercaria from the snail Hydrobia ulvae. The last observation allowed us to establish an unequivocal association between cercaria known as Microphallidae sp. no. 15, and the metacercaria of M. portucalensis sp. nov. characterized in this work, contributing decisively to the clarification of its life cycle.
The Nature of an In Vivo Anti-Capsular Polysaccharide Response Is Markedly Influenced by the Composition and/or Architecture of the Bacterial Subcapsular Domain
Authors: Arjunaraja Swadhinya , Massari Paola , Wetzler Lee M. , Lees Andrew , Colino Jesus , Snapper Clifford M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In vivo anti-polysaccharide Ig responses to isolated polysaccharide (PS) are T cell independent, rapid, and fail to generate memory. However, little is known regarding PS-specific Ig responses to intact Gram-positive and Gram-negative extracellular bacteria. We previously demonstrated that intact heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive bacterium, elicited a rapid primary pneumococcal capsular PS (PPS) response in mice that was dependent on CD4+ T cells, B7-dependent costimulation, and CD40–CD40L interactions. However, this response was ICOS independent and failed to generate a boosted PPS-specific secondary IgG response. In the current study, we analyzed the murine meningococcal type C PS (MCPS)-specific Ig response to i.p.-injected intact, heat-killed Neisseria meningitidis, serogroup C (MenC), a Gram-negative bacterium. In contrast to S. pneumoniae, the IgG anti-MCPS response to MenC exhibited delayed primary kinetics and was highly boosted after secondary immunization, whereas the IgG anti-MCPS response to isolated MCPS was rapid, without secondary boosting, and consisted of only IgG1 and IgG3, as opposed to all four IgG isotypes in response to intact MenC. The secondary, but not primary, IgG anti-MCPS response to MenC was dependent on CD4+ T cells, CD40L, CD28, and ICOS. The primary and secondary IgG anti-MCPS responses were lower in TLR4-defective (C3H/HeJ) but not TLR2−/− or MyD88−/− mice, but secondary boosting was still observed. Of interest, coimmunization of S. pneumoniae and MenC resulted in a boosted secondary IgG anti-PPS response to S. pneumoniae. Our data demonstrate that the nature of the in vivo anti-PS response is markedly influenced by the composition and/or architecture of the bacterial subcapsular domain.
Type I IFN-Dependent T Cell Activation Is Mediated by IFN-Dependent Dendritic Cell OX40 Ligand Expression and Is Independent of T Cell IFNR Expression
Authors: Kurche Jonathan S. , Haluszczak Catherine , McWilliams Jennifer A. , Sanchez Phillip J. , Kedl Ross M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Type I IFNs are important for direct control of viral infection and generation of adaptive immune responses. Recently, direct stimulation of CD4+ T cells via type I IFNR has been shown to be necessary for the formation of functional CD4+ T cell responses. In contrast, we find that CD4+ T cells do not require intrinsic type I IFN signals in response to combined TLR/anti-CD40 vaccination. Rather, the CD4 response is dependent on the expression of type I IFNR (IFNαR) on innate cells. Further, we find that dendritic cell (DC) expression of the TNF superfamily member OX40 ligand was dependent on type I IFN signaling in the DC, resulting in a reduced CD4+ T cell response that could be substantially rescued by an agonistic Ab to the receptor OX40. Taken together, we show that the IFNαR dependence of the CD4+ T cell response is accounted for exclusively by defects in DC activation.
Worksite Intervention for Weight Control: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Hennrikus Deborah J. , Jeffery Robert W. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. Published research on worksite weight-control programs is reviewed with the objective of assessing success in (1) reaching populations in need, (2) achieving sustained weight loss, and (3) improving employee health and productivity. Search method. Reviewed are 44 data-based articles published between 1968 and 1994. The initial search was part of a larger review on the health impact of worksite health promotion programs conducted by Centers for Disease Control and described in the introduction to this issue. We supplemented the resulting list with articles found in a search of our own reference files. Important findings. Methodologically the literature is relatively weak, consisting largely of uncontrolled case studies. Worksite interventions appear to be successful in reaching large numbers of people: the median participation rate among overweight employees was 39% in the six studies that provided this type of information. Worksite programs produced reasonable short-term weight loss: typically 1 to 2 pounds per week. Long-term weight loss, reductions in sitewide obesity prevalence, and health or productivity benefits have yet to be demonstrated. Major conclusions. Recommendations for future research include improved methods, more attention to recruitment and secondary outcomes, more direct comparison of different programs, and more creative use of worksites as environments and social units in designing programs.
Distribution of non-marine diatoms in surface sediments of streams in Socotra Island, Yemen
Authors: Zalat Abdelfattah A. , Al-Wosabi Mohammed A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAbundance and species composition of non-marine benthic diatom assemblages were studied from surface sediments samples of 11 streams distributed in Socotra Island, located in the northwest Indian Ocean. A total of 145 diatom species, representing 44 genera, were identified. The overall diatom communities appear to be the first recorded off the island. Pennales and non-planktonic taxa were most dominant over centrales and planktonic forms, both in diversity of genera and species. The majority of recognized diatoms are of cosmopolitan distribution. The predominant diatom flora in the surface sediment samples follow:Synedra ulna, Synedra longissima, Encyonema caespitosum, Encyonema silesiacum, Encyonemopsis microcephala, Mastogloia braunii, Mastogloia dansei, Mastogloia elliptica, Navicula cryptocephala, Navicula cryptotenella, Navicula rhynchocephala, Navicula cincta, Nitzschia amphibian, Nitzschia frustulum, Nitzschia perminuta, Cocconeis placentula, Pleurosira laevis and Staurosirella pinnata. These are found in addition to the common occurrence ofAmphora coffeaeformis, Amphora Montana, Anomoeoneis sphaerophora, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cymbella affinis, Diploneis elliptica, Encyonema mesianum, Diploneis smithii, Gomphonema gracile, Gomphonema parvulum, Kobayasia subtilissima, Mastogloia smithii, Navicula minuscule, Navicula notha, Navicula tenelloides, Nitzschia obtuse, Nitzschia palea, Nitzschia scalaris, Synedra nana, Tryblionella acuminate, Tryblionella granulateandTryblionella punctata. Multivariate statistical techniques including detrended correspondence and cluster analyses were used to summarize changes in the diatom assemblages present in the examined streams. The results indicated six major diatom assemblages with a variation in dominant species. Each assemblage reflects distinctive environmental conditions based on salinity preference of the recognized and dominant.
Interdispersed Amorphous MnOx–Carbon Nanocomposites with Superior Electrochemical Performance as Lithium‐Storage Material
Authors: Guo Juchen , Liu Qing , Wang Chunsheng , Zachariah Michael R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe realization of manganese oxide anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries is hindered by inferior cycle stability, rate capability, and high overpotential induced by the agglomeration of manganese metal grains, low conductivity of manganese oxide, and the high stress/strain in the crystalline manganese oxide structure during the repeated lithiation/delithiation process. To overcome these challenges, unique amorphous MnOx–C nanocomposite particles with interdispersed carbon are synthesized using aerosol spray pyrolysis. The carbon filled in the pores of amorphous MnOx blocks the penetration of liquid electrolyte to the inside of MnOx, thus reducing the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase and lowering the irreversible capacity. The high electronic and lithium‐ion conductivity of carbon also enhances the rate capability. Moreover, the interdispersed carbon functions as a barrier structure to prevent manganese grain agglomeration. The amorphous structure of MnOx brings additional benefits by reducing the stress/strain of the conversion reaction, thus lowering lithiation/delithiation overpotential. As the result, the amorphous MnOx‐C particles demonstrated the best performance as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries to date.
Regulating Cellular Behavior on Few‐Layer Reduced Graphene Oxide Films with Well‐Controlled Reduction States
Authors: Shi Xuetao , Chang Haixin , Chen Song , Lai Chen , Khademhosseini Ali , Wu Hongkai 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the effect of graphene on cellular behavior is important for enabling a range of new biological and biomedical applications. However, due to the complexity of cell responses and graphene surface states, regulating cellular behaviors on graphene or its derivatives is still a great challenge. To address this challenge we have developed a novel, facile route to regulate the cellular behaviors on few‐layer reduced graphene oxide (FRGO) films by controlling the reduction states of graphene oxide. Our results indicate that the surface oxygen content of FRGO has a strong influence on cellular behavior, with the best performance for cell attachment, proliferation and phenotype being obtained in moderately reduced FRGO. Cell performance decreased significantly as the FRGO was highly reduced. Moderate performance was found in non‐reduced pure graphene oxide and control glass slides. Our results highlight the important role of surface physicochemical characteristics of graphene and its derivatives in their interactions with biocomponents, and may have great potential in enabling the utility of graphene based materials in various biomedical and bioelectronic applications.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric CS Bond Formation: Synthesis of α‐Methylene‐β‐mercapto Esters with Simple Alkyl Thiols
Authors: Lin Aijun , Mao Haibin , Zhu Xi , Ge Huiming , Tan Renxiang , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA highly efficient organocatalytic enantioselective CS bond formation reaction between simple alkyl thiols and Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates is described. The optically active α‐methylene β‐mercapto esters could be obtained under mild reaction conditions with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). The broad scope and simple operation make this methodology very practical.
Aqueous and Solvent‐Free Uncatalyzed Three‐Component Vinylogous Mukaiyama–Mannich Reactions of Pyrrole‐Based Silyl Dienolates
Authors: Sartori Andrea , Dell'Amico Luca , Curti Claudio , Battistini Lucia , Pelosi Giorgio , Rassu Gloria , Casiraghi Giovanni , Zanardi Franca 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA catalyst‐free, environmentally benign three‐component vinylogous Mukaiyama–Mannich reaction of pyrrole‐based silyl dienolates is presented, which works effectively in both aqueous and solvent‐free environments. Both lipophilic and hydrophilic aldehyde candidates are suitable substrates, allowing access to a rich repertoire of unsaturated vicinal aminolactam structures with virtually complete γ‐site selectivity and moderate to good anti‐diastereoselectivity. The utility of this technology is highlighted by protecting group‐free synthesis of densely hydroxylated, sugar‐related lactam frameworks. The role of water as an indispensable H‐bonding reaction propeller is demonstrated.
Multiblock Copolymers with Highly Sulfonated Blocks Containing Di‐ and Tetrasulfonated Arylene Sulfone Segments for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Takamuku Shogo , Jannasch Patric 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMultiblock copoly(arylene ether sulfone)s with different block lengths and ionic contents are tailored for durable and proton‐conducting electrolyte membranes. Two series of fully aromatic copolymers are prepared by coupling reactions between non‐sulfonated hydrophobic precursor blocks and highly sulfonated hydrophilic precursor blocks containing either fully disulfonated diarylsulfone or fully tetrasulfonated tetraaryldisulfone segments. The sulfonic acid groups are exclusively introduced in ortho positions to the sulfone bridges to impede desulfonation reactions and give the blocks ion exchange capacities (IECs) of 4.1 and 4.6 meq. g−1, respectively. Solvent cast block copolymer membranes show well‐connected hydrophilic nanophase domains for proton transport and high decomposition temperatures above 310 °C under air. Despite higher IEC values, membranes containing tetrasulfonated tetraaryldisulfone segments display a markedly lower water uptake than the corresponding ones with disulfonated diarylsulfone segments when immersed in water at 100 °C, presumably because of the much higher chain stiffness and glass transition temperature of the former segments. The former membranes have proton conductivities in level of a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane (NRE212) under fully humidified conditions. A membrane with an IEC of 1.83 meq. g−1 reaches above 6 mS cm−1 under 30% relative humidity at 80 °C, to be compared with 10 mS cm−1 for NRE212 under the same conditions.
Chemical Synthesis of the Englerins
Authors: Pouwer Rebecca H. , Richard Jean‐Alexandre , Tseng Chih‐Chung , Chen David Y.‐K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the long lasting battle against cancer, Nature sometimes gives a helping hand to researchers to find new drugs for the treatment of diseases and improvement of patients′ well‐being. Englerin A has emerged as a promising anticancer candidate as well as being an exciting synthetic challenge for organic chemists. This focus review summarizes the total syntheses reported to date and the synthetic approaches toward analogues of this fascinating natural product.
Glandular Trichomes and Essential Oil Composition of Endemic Sideritis italica (Mill.) Greuter et Burdet from Central Italy
Authors: Giuliani Claudia , Maleci Bini Laura , Papa Fabrizio , Cristalli Gloria , Sagratini Gianni , Vittori Sauro , Lucarini Domenico , Maggi Filippo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSideritis italica (Mill.) Greuter et Burdet belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is endemic to Italy. The glandular trichomes (morphology, distribution, histochemistry, and ultrastructure) of the plant were studied for the first time, along with the chemical composition of the essential oils. Abundant non‐glandular hairs and peltate (type A) and capitate (types B, C1, and Cx) glandular trichomes were observed both on the vegetative and reproductive organs. The histochemical procedures and the ultrastructural investigation enabled specific location of the main site of essential oil production mainly in type‐A peltate hairs. Particular emphasis is given to the release mechanism of the secreted material in all of the types of glands, and the potential taxonomic value of the indumentum in the Lamiaceae family is briefly discussed. Essential oils were hydrodistilled from flowering aerial parts of S. italica, and 136 compounds (112 in flowerheads, 79 in vegetative parts) were identified. The quantitative prevalence of diterpenoids (43.4% in flowerheads and 22.3% in vegetative parts) was the most significant characteristic of the essential oil of S. italica that could be classified as a diterpene‐rich essential oil according to the classification of Kirimer.
Phenolic Compounds of Abies nephrolepis and Their NO Production Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Li Yong‐Li , Wu Liang , Ouyang Dan‐Wei , Yu Ping , Xia Jia‐Han , Pan Yue‐Xing , Yang Xian‐Wen , Zeng Hua‐Wu , Cheng Xiang‐Rong , Jin Hui‐Zi , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo new, i.e., 1 and 2, and 69 known phenolics were isolated from the aerial parts of Abies nephrolepis. These chemical constituents included 22 lignans, 30 flavonoids, and 19 other phenols. Their structures were determined mainly by analysis of the 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic data. All the 71 isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 1 exhibited a potent effect with an IC50 value of 13.7 μg/ml.
Glucosinolate Profiling and Antimicrobial Screening of Aurinia leucadea (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Blažević Ivica , Radonić Ani , Skočibušić Mirjana , De Nicola Gina R. , Montaut Sabine , Iori Renato , Rollin Patrick , Mastelić Josip , Zekić Marina , Maravić Ana 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGlucosinolates (GLs) were characterized in various aerial parts (stems, leaves, and flowers) of Aurinia leucadea (Guss.) C. Koch and quantified according to the ISO 9167‐1 official method based on the HPLC analysis of desulfoglucosinolates. Eight GLs, i.e., glucoraphanin (GRA), glucoalyssin (GAL; 1), gluconapin (GNA; 2), glucocochlearin (GCC), glucobrassicanapin (GBN; 3), glucotropaeolin (GTL), glucoerucin (GER), and glucoberteroin (GBE) were identified. The total GL contents were 57.1, 37.8, and 81.3 μmol/g dry weight in the stems, leaves, and flowers, respectively. The major GL detected in all parts of the plant was 2, followed by 1 and 3. GC/MS Analysis of the volatile fractions extracted from the aerial parts of fresh plant material either by hydrodistillation or CH2Cl2 extraction showed that these fractions mostly contained isothiocyanates (ITCs). The main ITCs were but‐3‐enyl‐ (55.6–71.8%), pent‐4‐enyl‐ (7.6–15.3%), and 5‐(methylsulfinyl)pentyl ITC (0–9.5%), originating from the corresponding GLs 2, 3, and 1, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the volatile samples was investigated by determining inhibition zones with the disk‐diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) with the microdilution method. They were found to inhibit a wide range of bacteria and fungi, with MIC values of 2.0–32.0 μg/ml, indicating their promising antimicrobial potential, especially against the fungi Candida albicans and Rhizopus stolonifer as well as against the clinically important pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
RASER angioplasty
Authors: Egred Mohaned 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe experience with a new approach of using combined debulking technique for treating heavily calcified coronary artery lesions with both LASER and high speed rotational atherectomy, which is being labeled as RASER PCI, is described. The RASER PCI approach has been used in three different patients with severely calcified, undilatable coronary artery lesions that were unresponsive to either technique alone, with successful and satisfactory outcome. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
P‐Stereogenic Trifluoromethyl Derivatives of Josiphos: Synthesis, Coordination Properties, and Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Buergler Jonas F. , Niedermann Katrin , Togni Antonio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntermolecular nucleophilic substitution of a CF3 group of bis(trifluoromethyl)phosphanes by a lithiated Ugi’s amine (4) affords both diastereoisomers of the corresponding P‐stereogenic trifluoromethylphosphanes 6 and 7. Separation of the isomers by column chromatography on silica gel followed by substitution of the dimethylamino group with phosphanes or pyrazoles yields the bidentate P^P (9 and 10) or P^N ligands (12 and 13) without epimerization at the stereogenic phosphorus center. The coordination properties of these bidentate ligands were investigated on the basis of crystal structures of the corresponding palladium and rhodium complexes. IR spectroscopic measurements of rhodium–carbonyl complexes 16–23 indicated the strongly electronic‐withdrawing character of these phosphanes. The catalytic potential of these ligands was demonstrated in the rhodium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of olefins as well as in the palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction, where high activities and enantioselectivities were observed.
Asymmetric Iodoamination of Chalcones and 4‐Aryl‐4‐oxobutenoates Catalyzed by a Complex Based on Scandium(III) and a N,N′‐Dioxide Ligand
Authors: Cai Yunfei , Liu Xiaohua , Li Jun , Chen Weiliang , Wang Wentao , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHighly diastereo‐ and enantioselective iodoamination of chalcones, 4‐aryl‐4‐oxobutenoates, and a trifluoro‐substituted enone has been accomplished in the presence of a chiral N,N′‐dioxide/[Sc(OTf)3] complex (0.5–2 mol %), delivering the desired vicinal anti‐α‐iodo‐β‐amino carbonyl compounds regioselectively in high yields (up to 97 %) and with excellent diastereoselectivities (>99:1 d.r.) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). Enantiopure syn‐α‐iodo‐β‐amino products could also be obtained from the isomerization of particular iodo compounds. TsNHX species (X=Cl, Br, I), generated from the reactions between the halo sources and TsNH2, were further confirmed as the active species in the haloamination reactions involved in the formation of the key halonium ion intermediates. A typical haloamination dependency was observed, with reactivity decreasing in the order NBS>NIS≫NCS.