bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of functionalized nanofluid in thermosyphon
Authors: Yang Xue-Fei , Liu Zhen-Hua 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA water-based functionalized nanofluid was made by surface functionalizing the ordinary silica nanoparticles. The functionalized nanofluid can keep long-term stability. and no sedimentation was observed. The functionalized nanofluid as the working fluid is applied in a thermosyphon to understand the effect of this special nanofluid on the thermal performance of the thermosyphon. The experiment was carried out under steady operating pressures. The same work was also explored for traditional nanofluid (consisting of water and the same silica nanoparticles without functionalization) for comparison. Results indicate that a porous deposition layer exists on the heated surface of the evaporator during the operating process using traditional nanofluid; however, no coating layer exists for functionalized nanofluid. Functionalized nanofluid can enhance the evaporating heat transfer coefficient, while it has generally no effect on the maximum heat flux. Traditional nanofluid deteriorates the evaporating heat transfer coefficient but enhances the maximum heat flux. The existence of the deposition layer affects mainly the thermal performance, and no meaningful nanofluid effect is found in the present study.
Reduced viscosity Barley β-Glucan versus placebo: a randomized controlled trial of the effects on insulin sensitivity for individuals at risk for diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bays Harold , Frestedt Joy L , Bell Margie , Williams Carolyn , Kolberg Lore , Schmelzer Wade , Anderson James W 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies suggest soluble fibers may favorably affect glucose/insulin metabolism.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double blind, parallel group trial evaluated 50 generally healthy subjects without prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (44 completers), who were administered beverages containing placebo (control), lower dose (3 g/d), or higher dose (6 g/d) reduced viscosity barley β-glucan (BBG) extract. Subjects (68% women) mean age 56 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) 32 kg/m2and baseline fasting plasma glucose 102 mg/dl were instructed to follow a weight-maintaining Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet and consumed three 11 oz study beverages daily with meals for 12 weeks. The four primary study endpoint measures were plasma glucose and insulin [each fasting and post-Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing (OGTT)].ResultsCompared to placebo, administration of 3 g/d BBG over 12 weeks significantly reduced glucose incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC) measures during OGTT and 6 g/d BBG over 12 weeks significantly reduced fasting insulin as well as the related homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Beverages were generally well tolerated with no serious adverse experiences and no significant differences between groups for adverse experiences. Per protocol instruction, subjects maintained body weight.ConclusionsThese findings suggest 6 g/d BBG consumed in a beverage over 12 weeks may improve insulin sensitivity among hyperglycemic individuals with no prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and who experience no change in body weight.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01375803http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00820807.
Splenic autotransplantation in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report
Authors: Toro Adriana , Mannino Maurizio , Reale Giulio , Di Carlo Isidoro 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Splenectomy is performed mostly because of traumatic events that cause rupture of the spleen. Postsplenectomy, a patient has a higher risk of developing sepsis. Autotransplantation of splenic tissue decreases the risk of opportunistic infection and sepsis, but its role in patients with human immunodeficiency virus is debated because the spleen is a replication site, especially during the asymptomatic phase of this infection. We present a case of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection who was admitted to our hospital for a traumatic rupture of the spleen and underwent spleen autotransplantation.

Case presentation
A 36-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to the shock trauma center of our hospital after a car accident. Anamnesis showed that the patient had been human immunodeficiency virus-positive for 13 years. A computed tomography scan showed abundant fluid collection in his superior and inferior abdomen caused by splenic rupture, with no other associated intra-abdominal lesions. During surgery, the spleen appeared severely damaged. A splenectomy was performed, and 35 g of splenic tissue was autotransplanted in a pouch created in the omentum. No complications occurred after surgery, and our patient was discharged from our hospital nine days after the operation. One year later, computed tomography and scintigraphy showed that the transplanted tissue was functioning well.

Conclusions
Autotransplantation of splenic tissue decreases the risk of opportunistic infection and sepsis, and it might also be useful in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Other studies need to be done to validate this hypothesis.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Punnen Sanoj , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Sadetsky Natalia , Carroll Peter R. 
Published: August 2011

Purpose The potential association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) remains controversial. This study assessed mortality outcomes in a large national registry to further elucidate the association between treatment selection and cause of mortality. Patients and Methods A total of 7,248 men in the CaPSURE registry were analyzed. Treatment was categorized as local only, primary ADT monotherapy, local treatment plus ADT, and watchful waiting/active surveillance (WW/AS). Competing hazards survival analysis was performed for prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM), CVM, and all-cause mortality. A propensity score–adjusted and a propensity-matched analysis were undertaken to adjust for imbalances in covariates among men receiving various treatments. Results Patients treated with ADT or WW/AS had a higher likelihood of PCSM than those treated with local therapy alone. Patients treated with primary ADT had an almost two-fold greater likelihood of CVM (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.97) than those treated with local therapy alone; however, patients treated with WW/AS had a greater than two-fold increased risk of CVM (HR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.53 to 3.95). A propensity-matching algorithm in a subset of 1,391 patients was unable to find a significant difference in CVM between those who did or did not receive ADT. Conclusion Patients matched on propensity to receive ADT did not show an association between ADT and CVM. This suggests that potential unmeasured variables affecting treatment selection may confound the relationship between ADT use and cardiovascular risk. However, an association may yet exist, because the propensity score could not include all known risk factors for CVM.
Phase IB Study of Gene-Mediated Cytotoxic Immunotherapy Adjuvant to Up-Front Surgery and Intensive Timing Radiation for Malignant Glioma
Authors: Chiocca E. Antonio , Aguilar Laura K. , Bell Susan D. , Kaur Balveen , Hardcastle Jayson , Cavaliere Robert , McGregor John , Lo Simon , Ray-Chaudhuri Abhik , Chakravarti Arnab , Grecula John , Newton Herbert , Harris Kimbra S. , Grossman Robert G. , Trask Todd W. , Baskin David S. , Monterroso Carissa , Manzanera Andrea G. , Aguilar-Cordova Estuardo , New Pamela Z. 
Published: August 2011

Purpose Despite aggressive therapies, median survival for malignant gliomas is less than 15 months. Patients with unmethylated O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) fare worse, presumably because of temozolomide resistance. AdV-tk, an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, plus prodrug synergizes with surgery and chemoradiotherapy, kills tumor cells, has not shown MGMT dependency, and elicits an antitumor vaccine effect. Patients and Methods Patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma received AdV-tk at 3 × 1010, 1 × 1011, or 3 × 1011 vector particles (vp) via tumor bed injection at time of surgery followed by 14 days of valacyclovir. Radiation was initiated within 9 days after AdV-tk injection to overlap with AdV-tk activity. Temozolomide was administered after completing valacyclovir treatment. Results Accrual began December 2005 and was completed in 13 months. Thirteen patients were enrolled and 12 completed therapy, three at dose levels 1 and 2 and six at dose level 3. There were no dose-limiting or significant added toxicities. One patient withdrew before completing prodrug because of an unrelated surgical complication. Survival at 2 years was 33% and at 3 years was 25%. Patient-reported quality of life assessed with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) was stable or improved after treatment. A significant CD3+ T-cell infiltrate was found in four of four tumors analyzed after treatment. Three patients with MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma multiforme survived 6.5, 8.7, and 46.4 months. Conclusion AdV-tk plus valacyclovir can be safely delivered with surgery and accelerated radiation in newly diagnosed malignant gliomas. Temozolomide did not prevent immune responses. Although not powered for efficacy, the survival and MGMT independence trends are encouraging. A phase II trial is ongoing.
Bevacizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy As First-Line Therapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Study
Authors: Ohtsu Atsushi , Shah Manish A. , Van Cutsem Eric , Rha Sun Young , Sawaki Akira , Park Sook Ryun , Lim Ho Yeong , Yamada Yasuhide , Wu Jian , Langer Bernd , Starnawski Michal , Kang Yoon-Koo 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe Avastin in Gastric Cancer (AVAGAST) trial was a multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of adding bevacizumab to capecitabine-cisplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer.Patients and MethodsPatients received bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg or placebo followed by cisplatin 80 mg/m2on day 1 plus capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2twice daily for 14 days every 3 weeks. Fluorouracil was permitted in patients unable to take oral medications. Cisplatin was given for six cycles; capecitabine and bevacizumab were administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Log-rank test was used to test the OS difference.ResultsIn all, 774 patients were enrolled; 387 were assigned to each treatment group (intention-to-treat population), and 517 deaths were observed. Median OS was 12.1 months with bevacizumab plus fluoropyrimidine-cisplatin and 10.1 months with placebo plus fluoropyrimidine-cisplatin (hazard ratio 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.03; P = .1002). Both median progression-free survival (6.7 v 5.3 months; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.93; P = .0037) and overall response rate (46.0% v 37.4%; P = .0315) were significantly improved with bevacizumab versus placebo. Preplanned subgroup analyses revealed regional differences in efficacy outcomes. The most common grade 3 to 5 adverse events were neutropenia (35%, bevacizumab plus fluoropyrimidine-cisplatin; 37%, placebo plus fluoropyrimidine-cisplatin), anemia (10% v 14%), and decreased appetite (8% v 11%). No new bevacizumab-related safety signals were identified.ConclusionAlthough AVAGAST did not reach its primary objective, adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy was associated with significant increases in progression-free survival and overall response rate in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
Vascular Dysfunction in Experimental Diabetes Is Improved by Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate but Not Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate Therapy
Authors: Schuhmacher Swenja , Oelze Matthias , Bollmann Franziska , Kleinert Hartmut , Otto Christian , Heeren Tjebo , Steven Sebastian , Hausding Michael , Knorr Maike , Pautz Andrea , Reifenberg Kurt , Schulz Eberhard , Gori Tommaso , Wenzel Philip , Münzel Thomas , Daiber Andreas 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes is associated with vascular oxidative stress, activation of NADPH oxidase, and uncoupling of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (endothelial NO synthase [eNOS]). Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN) is an organic nitrate with potent antioxidant properties via induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We tested whether treatment with PETN improves vascular dysfunction in the setting of experimental diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
After induction of hyperglycemia by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg i.v.), PETN (15 mg/kg/day p.o.) or isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN; 75 mg/kg/day p.o.) was fed to Wistar rats for 7 weeks. Oxidative stress was assessed by optical methods and oxidative protein modifications, vascular function was determined by isometric tension recordings, protein expression was measured by Western blotting, RNA expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, and HO-1 promoter activity in stable transfected cells was determined by luciferase assays.

RESULTS
PETN, but not ISMN, improved endothelial dysfunction. NADPH oxidase and serum xanthine oxidase activities were significantly reduced by PETN but not by ISMN. Both organic nitrates had minor effects on the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, eNOS and dihydrofolate reductase (Western blotting). PETN, but not ISMN, normalized the expression of GTP cyclohydrolase-1, extracellular superoxide dismutase, and S-glutathionylation of eNOS, thereby preventing eNOS uncoupling. The expression of the antioxidant enzyme, HO-1, was increased by STZ treatment and further upregulated by PETN, but not ISMN, via activation of the transcription factor NRF2.

CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to ISMN, the organic nitrate, PETN, improves endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by preventing eNOS uncoupling and NADPH oxidase activation, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Thus, PETN therapy may be suited to treat patients with cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
Plasma Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor in Children with Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Wittenhagen Per , Andersen Jesper Brandt , Hansen Anita , Lindholm Lone , Rønne Frederik , Theil Jørn , Tvede Michael , Eugen-Olsen Jesper 
Published: August 2011

Objective In this prospective study we investigated the role of plasma levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in children with urinary tract infection. Material and Methods We measured the levels of plasma suPAR during admission in 42 children with suspected acute pyelonephritis and compared the results to acute DMSA scintigraphy. Results The mean level of plasma suPAR at admission was significantly elevated in children with renal involvement (7.3 ng/ml) assessed by the DMSA scintigraphy compared to children without renal involvement (4.4 ng/ml, P = 0.010). The positive predictive value of suPAR seems high, since all patients without renal involvement had low suPAR values. During treatment the mean level of plasma suPAR decreased. Conclusion We conclude that plasma suPAR could be of clinical use for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis and that high levels of plasma suPAR might reflect the level of renal involvement and could therefore be a new indicator for renal scarring.
Anisotropic Structure and Charge Transport in Highly Strain‐Aligned Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)
Authors: O'Connor Brendan , Kline R. Joseph , Conrad Brad R. , Richter Lee J. , Gundlach David , Toney Michael F. , DeLongchamp Dean M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel method of strain‐aligning polymer films is introduced and applied to regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), showing several important features of charge transport. The polymer backbone is shown to align in the direction of applied strain resulting in a large charge‐mobility anisotropy, where the in‐plane mobility increases in the applied strain direction and decreases in the perpendicular direction. In the aligned film, the hole mobility is successfully represented by a two‐dimensional tensor, suggesting that charge transport parallel to the polymer backbone within a P3HT crystal is strongly favored over the other crystallographic directions. Hole mobility parallel to the backbone is shown to be high for a mixture of plane‐on and edge‐on packing configurations, as the strain alignment is found to induce a significant face‐on orientation of the originally highly edge‐on oriented crystalline regions of the film. This alignment approach can achieve an optical dichroic ratio of 4.8 and a charge‐mobility anisotropy of 9, providing a simple and effective method to investigate charge‐transport mechanisms in polymer semiconductors.
Clinically relevant single gene or intragenic deletions encompassing critical neurodevelopmental genes in patients with developmental delay, mental retardation, and/or autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Mikhail Fady M. , Lose Edward J. , Robin Nathaniel H. , Descartes Maria D. , Rutledge Katherine D. , Rutledge S. Lane , Korf Bruce R. , Carroll Andrew J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecent studies suggest that copy number variations (CNVs) encompassing several genes involved in neurodevelopmental pathways are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including developmental delay (DD), mental retardation (MR), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here we present eight patients in a cohort of ∼1,200 patients referred for clinical array CGH testing for various neurodevelopmental phenotypes, who were identified to carry small (<1.0 Mb with the majority <500 kb) either total gene or intragenic deletions encompassing critical synaptic and other neurodevelopmental genes. The presentations of these patients included variable degrees of DD, speech problems, learning disabilities, MR, autistic‐like features, and mild non‐specific dysmorphic features. These genes belong to four functional categories, including neuronal transcription factor genes (NFIA at 1p31.3, MEF2C at 5q14.3, and CAMAT1 at 1p36.23p36.31), neuron‐specific splicing factor genes (RBFOX1 at 16p13.2p13.3), genes involved in synapse formation and maintenance (CNTNAP2 at 7q35 and LRFN5 at 14q21.2), and genes involved in neurotransmission (CHRNA7 at 15q13.3 and IL1RAPL1 at Xp21.2p21.3). Our report expands the list of neurodevelopmental genes deleted in various neurobehavioral phenotypes, expands the phenotypes caused by haploinsufficiency of previously reported critical neurodevelopmental genes, and elucidates the clinical relevance and need for careful clinical interpretation of some small CNVs <500 kb. This report also suggests that small clinically relevant deletions encompassing critical synaptic and other neurodevelopmental genes can present clinically with various neurobehavioral phenotypes, which implies the existence of overlapping neuronal pathways in the pathogenesis of these phenotypes. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface properties of methyl methacrylate hardened hybrid poplar wood
Authors: Koubaa Ahmed , Ding Wei‐Dan , Chaala Abdelkader , Bouafif Hassine 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe surface properties of fast‐growing poplar clones and their methyl methacrylate (MMA)‐hardened wood related to potential end uses were investigated. Samples from 24 trees of six hybrid poplar clones in one plantation in Quebec were hardened with MMA. The effects of MMA hardening on the density and surface properties were studied. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that filling the voids in the wood structure was the main hardening mechanism. The incorporation of the polymer increased the density of all of the poplar clones by 120–160%. The Janka hardness was found to be 2.5–4 times higher in the treated poplar wood than in the untreated poplar wood. The treated wood also exhibited superior abrasion resistance compared to the controls. The results indicate that hardening with MMA improved the surface properties and that the MMA‐hardened wood was comparable to natural hardwoods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Separation of polyolefins based on comonomer content using high‐temperature gradient adsorption liquid chromatography with a graphitic carbon column
Authors: Miller Matthew D. , deGroot A. Willem , Lyons John W. , Van Damme Freddy A. , Winniford Bill L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis report describes the application of a recently developed polyolefin characterization tool based upon gradient adsorption high‐temperature liquid chromatography (HT‐LC) using a graphitic carbon stationary phase to polyolefin homopolymer and previously unreported copolymer systems. Polyolefin‐based materials find utility in a broad range of applications and are differentiated by parameters such as molecular weight and comonomer content. Polymer comonomer distribution is commonly determined by crystallinity‐based separations (ATREF, CRYSTAF). These techniques, however, are time consuming. In addition, some semicrystalline polymers undergo cocrystallization, impacting the techniques' universal utility. Adsorption‐based HT‐LC can ideally overcome the limitations of crystallinity‐based separations, shedding new light on the composition of randomly‐polymerized polyolefins. In this report the basic separation capability of the adsorption HT‐LC technique, using a graphitic carbon column, is demonstrated for poly (ethylene‐co‐octene) and poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene) systems and compared with select precipitation/redissolution HT‐LC and ATREF results. Select results in this paper are also compared and contrasted to other recent publications on similar separations of polyolefins. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Novel fully conjugated 2H‐ and metal‐phthalocyanine network polymers: Synthesis, characterization, and dielectric spectra analysis
Authors: Abdel‐Razik H. H. , Mahmoud K. H. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract2,7‐di‐tert‐butylpyrene was oxidized to 2,7‐di‐tert‐butylpyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone. The latter through condensation reactions with vicinal diamine such as 4,5‐diaminophthalonitrile produced heterocyclic monomer, 2,7‐di‐tert‐butyl pyrene[4,5][9,10]bisquinoxaline‐6,7‐dinitrile, which was cyclo‐tetramerized to the corresponding tetra[2,3‐(1,4‐diaza‐6,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenanthreno)[4,5]phthalocyanine]‐based network polymer (2H‐Pc), and tetra [2,3‐(1,4‐diaza‐6,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenanthreno)[4,5]phthalo‐cyaninato metal II‐based network polymers (M‐Pc, M= Co, Ni, Zn, or Cu). Elemental analytical results, IR and NMR spectral data of the new prepared molecules are consistent with their assigned formulations. Molecular masses and metal contents of the synthesized polymers proved to be of high molecular masses which confirm the efficiency of tetramerization polymerization and complexation reactions. The dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) were studied as a function of temperature and frequency. The detailed analysis of the results showed that the dielectric dispersion consists of both dipolar and interfacial polarization. Measurements of ac conductivity as a function of frequency at different temperatures revealed that the nonoverlapping small polaron tunneling is the most suitable mechanism for ac conduction behavior. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012