bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maps, Apps and Race: The Market as a Theoretical Machine
Authors: Migozzi Julien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMy commentary situates Desiree Fields' lecture within a long‐standing movement that, paying attention to real estate data and techniques of property, turned the housing market into a theoretical machine. I understand her intervention as a fourth and pivotal conceptual moment in the study of housing markets and inequalities for the discipline of geography, for it brings racial capitalism and settler colonialism as theoretical starting points to analyse the political economy of housing in the era of digital property technologies. As such, her lecture opens up a welcome, ambitious, yet also uncertain terrain to advance global urban theory under platform capitalism and stimulate relational approaches in housing studies. Discussing the regularities through which race, technology and property shape housing and wealth inequalities across variegated sites of market‐making provides a conceptual horizontality that acknowledges the United States as a testing ground, rather than a ground truth, for the production of geographical knowledge.
Climate Change and Property Experiments in Appalachia
Authors: Safransky Sara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis commentary thinks with Desiree Fields' ‘Digital Experiments with Landed Property’ across the urban–rural continuum. I offer provisional observations on rural property experiments emerging in Central Appalachia in the context of climate change. By way of conclusion, I suggest how scholars might engage and extend Fields' important provocations to deepen understandings of the shifting nature of land and property relations in the rural USA and the stakes thereof for rising authoritarian populism and political possibilities otherwise.
Hidden diversity in eastern North America: The genus Ligidium (Oniscidea, Ligiidae) in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Recuero Ernesto , Caterino Michael S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe terrestrial isopod genus Ligidium includes 58 species from Europe, Asia, and North America. In Eastern North America four species are recognized: L. floridanum and L. mucronatum, known just from their type localities in Florida and Louisiana respectively, L. blueridgensis, endemic to the southern Appalachians, and L. elrodii, widespread from Georgia to Ontario. The genus shows a marked morphological conservatism, and species are differentiated mostly by small morphological differences; it is not always easy to determine if such variability represents inter‐ or intraspecific variation. Here, we explore the diversity of Ligidium from the southern Appalachian Mountains, exploring the congruence of morphologically defined groups with multilocus phylogenetic reconstructions and molecular species delimitation methods. We have studied a total of 130 specimens from 37 localities, mostly from the southern Appalachians, and analysed mtDNA (Cox1) and nuclear (28S, NaK) sequences. Morphologically, we recognized eight morphotypes, most of them assignable to current concepts of L. elrodii and L. blueridgensis. Phylogenetic analyses supported the evolutionary independence of all morphotypes, and suggest the existence of 8–9 species, including limited cryptic diversity. Single‐locus delimitation analyses based on mtDNA data suggest the existence of a much higher number of species than the multilocus analyses. The estimated age of the ancestors of sampled lineages indicates a long presence of the genus in eastern North America and old speciation events through the Miocene. Our results indicate a higher diversity than previously thought among the Ligidium populations present in the southern Appalachian Mountains, with several species to be described.
Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Cognitive Status, and the Dual-Task Performance Index in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Brauner Fabiane de Oliveira , Oliveira Mariana , Hausen Daiane Oliveira , Schiavo Aniuska , Balbinot Gustavo , Mestriner Régis Gemerasca 
Published: May 2024

The Performance Index (P-Index) is a measure for evaluating mobility-related dual-task performance in older adults. The identification of specific clinicodemographic factors predictive of P-Index scores, however, remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 120 community-dwelling older adults (average age 71.3 ± 11.23 years) to explore clinicodemographic variables that influence P-Index scores during the instrumented timed up and go test. Unadjusted analyses suggested several factors, including age, gender, body mass index, Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, functional reach test performance, history of falls, ethnicity, Geriatric Depression Scale scores, alcohol consumption, and educational levels, as potential predictors of P-Index. However, adjusted multinomial multiple regression analysis revealed Geriatric Depression Scale and Mini-Mental Status Examination scores as the exclusive independent predictors of P-Index classifications, segmented into high, intermediate, or low (percentiles ≤ 25, 26–74, or ≥ 75, respectively). A significant association was observed between the manifestation of depressive symptoms, lower Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, and reduced cognitive–motor performance. The findings implicate depressive symptoms and low cognitive performance as substantial impediments to optimal dual-task mobility within this cohort. Further studies are warranted to examine the efficacy of cognitive stimulation and antidepressant therapy, in augmenting mobility-related dual-task performance among older adults.
Comprehensive genomic landscape of antibiotic resistance in
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Lee Do-Hoon , Lee Kihyun , Kim Yong-Seok , Cha Chang-Jun 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus epidermidis
, a common commensal bacterium found on human skin, can cause infections in clinical settings, and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) impedes the treatment of
S. epidermidis
infections. However, studies characterizing the ARGs in
S. epidermidis
with regard to genomic and ecological diversities are limited. Thus, we performed a comprehensive and comparative analysis of 405 high-quality
S. epidermidis
genomes, including those of 35 environmental isolates from the Han River, to investigate the genomic diversity of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the prevalence of ARGs in
S. epidermidis
genomes associated with multi-locus sequence types. The genes encoding dihydrofolate reductase (
dfrC
) and multidrug efflux pump (
norA
) were genome-wide core ARGs. β-Lactam class ARGs were also highly prevalent in the
S. epidermidis
genomes, which was consistent with the resistance phenotype observed in river isolates. Furthermore, we identified chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes (
cat
) in the plasmid-like sequences of the six river isolates, which have not been reported previously in
S. epidermidis
genomes. These genes were identical to those harbored by the
Enterococcus faecium
plasmids and associated with the insertion sequence 6 family transposases, homologous to those found in
Staphylococcus aureu
s plasmids, suggesting the possibility of horizontal gene transfer between these Gram-positive pathogens. Comparison of the ARG and virulence factor profiles between
S. epidermidis
and
S. aureu
s genomes revealed that these two species were clearly distinguished, suggesting genomic demarcation despite ecological overlap. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the genomic diversity of antibiotic resistance in
S. epidermidis
.

IMPORTANCE

A comprehensive understanding of the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles of the skin commensal bacterium and opportunistic pathogen
Staphylococcus epidermidis
needs to be documented from a genomic point of view. Our study encompasses a comparative analysis of entire
S. epidermidis
genomes from various habitats, including those of 35 environmental isolates from the Han River sequenced in this study. Our results shed light on the distribution and diversity of ARGs within different
S. epidermidis
multi-locus sequence types, providing valuable insights into the ecological and genetic factors associated with antibiotic resistance. A comparison between
S. epidermidis
and
Staphylococcus aureus
revealed marked differences in ARG and virulence factor profiles, despite their overlapping ecological niches.
Long-term cognitive recovery following isolated bilateral infarction of the fornix presenting with amnesia
Authors: Bradshaw Jennifer , Choi Philip MC , Wrigley Scott 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIsolated infarction of the fornix is a relatively rare stroke syndrome frequently associated with amnesia. The long-term cognitive outcome in cases of acute fornix infarction is poorly understood. This is largely due to the limited number of case studies that have documented cognitive outcomes beyond the acute recovery phase on quantifiable neuropsychological measures. We describe a patient who developed acute amnesia and was subsequently diagnosed on cerebral MRI with bilateral infarction in the anterior columns of the fornix.MethodComprehensive neuropsychological review was undertaken prospectively at baseline, early and late phases of recovery.ResultsAt 9 months post-stroke, there was some reduction in the severity of memory dysfunction, but a significant anterograde amnesia persisted.ConclusionThis is one of the very few cases in the literature where neuropsychological function has been comprehensively and serially examined over the first year post-isolated bilateral fornix infarction. It is concluded that amnesia can persist well beyond 6 months in these cases, with associated functional impairment in daily life.
Prevalence and factors associated with inappropriate continuation of stress ulcer prophylaxis at discharge
Authors: Chinnappan Justine , Al-Handola Rami , Joseph Noyal M , Ogbon Ekwevugbe , McDonald Philip J 
Published: May 2024

Stress ulcer prophylaxis is started in the critical care unit to decrease the risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcers in critically ill persons and to decrease mortality caused by stress ulcer complications. Unfortunately, the drugs are often continued after recovery through discharge, paving the way for unnecessary polypharmacy.Study designWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including patients admitted to the adult critical care unit and started on the stress ulcer prophylaxis with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or histamine receptor 2 blocker (H2 blocker) with an aim to determine the prevalence of inappropriate continuation at discharge and associated factors.Result3200 people were initiated on stress ulcer prophylaxis, and the medication was continued in 1666 patients upon discharge. Indication for long-term use was not found in 744 of 1666, with a 44% prevalence of inappropriate continuation. A statistically significant association was found with the following risk factors: discharge disposition (home vs other medical facilities, p=0.002), overall length of stay (more than 10 days vs less than or equal to 10 days, p<0.0001), mechanical ventilator use (p<0.001), number of days on a mechanical ventilator (more than 2 days vs less than or equal to 2 days, p<0.001) and class of stress ulcer prophylaxis drug used (H2 blocker vs PPI, p<0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of inappropriate continuation was found to be higher than prior studies. Given the risk of unnecessary medication intake and the associated healthcare cost, a web-based quality improvement initiative is being considered.
Stealth transgenes enable CAR-T cells to evade host immune responses
Authors: Grauwet Korneel , Berger Trisha , Kann Michael C , Silva Harrison , Larson Rebecca , Leick Mark B , Bailey Stefanie R , Bouffard Amanda A , Millar David , Gallagher Kathleen , Turtle Cameron J , Frigault Matthew J , Maus Marcela V 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundAdoptive cell therapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, has improved patient outcomes for hematological malignancies. Currently, four of the six FDA-approved CAR-T cell products use the FMC63-based αCD19 single-chain variable fragment, derived from a murine monoclonal antibody, as the extracellular binding domain. Clinical studies demonstrate that patients develop humoral and cellular immune responses to the non-self CAR components of autologous CAR-T cells or donor-specific antigens of allogeneic CAR-T cells, which is thought to potentially limit CAR-T cell persistence and the success of repeated dosing.MethodsIn this study, we implemented a one-shot approach to prevent rejection of engineered T cells by simultaneously reducing antigen presentation and the surface expression of both Classes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) via expression of the viral inhibitors of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAPi) in combination with a transgene coding for shRNA targeting class II MHC transactivator (CIITA). The optimal combination was screened in vitro by flow cytometric analysis and mixed lymphocyte reaction assays and was validated in vivo in mouse models of leukemia and lymphoma. Functionality was assessed in an autologous setting using patient samples and in an allogeneic setting using an allogeneic mouse model.ResultsThe combination of the Epstein-Barr virus TAPi and an shRNA targeting CIITA was efficient and effective at reducing cell surface MHC classes I and II in αCD19 ‘stealth’ CAR-T cells while retaining in vitro and in vivo antitumor functionality. Mixed lymphocyte reaction assays and IFNγ ELISpot assays performed with T cells from patients previously treated with autologous αCD19 CAR-T cells confirm that CAR T cells expressing the stealth transgenes evade allogeneic and autologous anti-CAR responses, which was further validated in vivo. Importantly, we noted anti-CAR-T cell responses in patients who had received multiple CAR-T cell infusions, and this response was reduced on in vitro restimulation with autologous CARs containing the stealth transgenes.ConclusionsTogether, these data suggest that the proposed stealth transgenes may reduce the immunogenicity of autologous and allogeneic cellular therapeutics. Moreover, patient data indicate that repeated doses of autologous FMC63-based αCD19 CAR-T cells significantly increased the anti-CAR T cell responses in these patients.
CD276 regulates the immune escape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through CXCL1–CXCR2 induced NETs
Authors: Xiong Gan , Chen Zhi , Liu Qianwen , Peng Fang , Zhang Caihua , Cheng Maosheng , Ling Rongsong , Chen Shuang , Liang Yu , Chen Demeng , Zhou Qimin 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundCD276 (B7-H3), a pivotal immune checkpoint, facilitates tumorigenicity, invasiveness, and metastasis by escaping immune surveillance in a variety of tumors; however, the underlying mechanisms facilitating immune escape in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain enigmatic.MethodsWe investigated the expression of CD276 in ESCC tissues from patients by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. In vivo, we established a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced CD276 knockout (CD276wKO) and K14cre; CD276 conditional knockout (CD276cKO) mouse model of ESCC to study the functional role of CD276 in ESCC. Furthermore, we used the 4NQO-induced mouse model to evaluate the effects of anti-CXCL1 antibodies, anti-Ly6G antibodies, anti-NK1.1 antibodies, and GSK484 inhibitors on tumor growth. Moreover, IHC, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to measure immune cell proportions in ESCC. In addition, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to examine the alterations in tumor microenvironment following CD276 depletion.ResultsIn this study, we elucidate that CD276 is markedly upregulated in ESCC, correlating with poor prognosis. In vivo, our results indicate that depletion of CD276 inhibits tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC. Furthermore, conditional knockout of CD276 in epithelial cells engenders a significant downregulation of CXCL1, consequently reducing the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap networks (NETs) via the CXCL1–CXCR2 signaling axis, while simultaneously augmenting natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, overexpression of CD276 promotes tumorigenesis via increasing NETs’ formation and reducing NK cells in vivo.ConclusionsThis study successfully elucidates the functional role of CD276 in ESCC. Our comprehensive analysis uncovers the significant role of CD276 in modulating immune surveillance mechanisms in ESCC, thereby suggesting that targeting CD276 might serve as a potential therapeutic approach for ESCC treatment.
The strong Brunn–Minkowski inequality and its equivalence with the CD condition
Authors: Magnabosco Mattia , Portinale Lorenzo , Rossi Tommaso 
Published: May 2024

In the setting of essentially non-branching metric measure spaces, we prove the equivalence between the curvature dimension condition [Formula: see text], in the sense of Lott–Sturm–Villani [Sturm, On the geometry of metric measure spaces. I, Acta Math. 196(1) (2006) 65–131; On the geometry of metric measure spaces. II, Acta Math. 196(1) (2006) 133–177; Ricci curvature for metric-measure spaces via optimal transport, Ann. of Math. (2) 169(3) (2009) 903–991], and a newly introduced notion that we call strong Brunn–Minkowski inequality [Formula: see text]. This condition is a reinforcement of the generalized Brunn–Minkowski inequality [Formula: see text], which is known to hold in [Formula: see text] spaces. Our result is a first step toward providing a full equivalence between the [Formula: see text] condition and the validity of [Formula: see text], which has been recently proved in [M. Magnabosco, L. Portinale and T. Rossi, The Brunn–Minkowski inequality implies the CD condition in weighted Riemannian manifolds, Nonlinear Anal. 242 (2024) 113502] in the framework of weighted Riemannian manifolds.
On Borel subalgebras of quantum groups
Authors: Lentner Simon , Vocke Karolina 
Published: May 2024

For a quantum group, we study those right coideal subalgebras, for which all irreducible representations are one-dimensional. If a right coideal subalgebra is maximal with this property, then we call it a Borel subalgebra. Besides the positive part of the quantum group and its reflections, we find new unfamiliar Borel subalgebras, for example, ones containing copies of the quantum Weyl algebra. Given a Borel subalgebra, we study its induced (Verma-)modules and prove among others that they have all irreducible finite-dimensional modules as quotients. We give two structural conjectures involving the associated graded right coideal subalgebra, which we prove in certain cases. In particular, they predict the shape of all triangular Borel subalgebras. As examples, we determine all Borel subalgebras of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and discuss the induced modules.
Theoretical proof for the number of errors that one linear code detects/corrects when linear quasigroups of order 4 are used for coding
Authors: Ilievska Natasha 
Published: May 2024

In this paper we will analyze one linear code from the theoretical point of view. Namely, the code definition is based on linear quasigroups. In the previous work we classified the quasigroups of order 4 according to their probability of undetected errors. Now, in this paper we will conclude whether the linear quasigroups that are in the same class in this classification obtain equal number of surely detected incorrectly transmitted bits. Also, we will classify the linear quasigroups of order 4 according to the number of errors that the code surely detects when they are used for coding. At the end we will make conclusion which quasigroups of order 4 are overall best for coding having in mind both important parameters for every code for error detection: the number of errors that the code surely detects and the probability of undetected errors.
A Review on Volar Fracture–Dislocations of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: CHOKE Abby , TAN Ruth En Si , CHEAH Andre Eu-Jin 
Published: May 2024

Volar fracture–dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint are rare injuries caused by an axial force on a flexed digit resulting in an avulsion fracture of the dorsal lip of the middle phalanx with volar dislocation of the joint. This volar subtype is analogous to the more common dorsal subtype with a mirror image fracture on the dorsal lip of the middle phalanx. The main significance in this type of injury lies in the disruption of the extensor mechanism at the central slip. The goals of treatment, apart from restoring a congruent and stable joint, is to restore the extensor mechanism to prevent a boutonnière deformity. In this article, we summarise the current literature and discuss the principles for treatment of this uncommon injury. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
The Safety of Volar to Dorsal Percutaneous Screw Fixation of Bennett Fracture–Dislocation – A Cadaveric Study
Authors: TSE Cheuk Bun , ZHU Mark , FISK Matthew Peter James , SEVAO Joshua Andy 
Published: May 2024

Background: Bennett fractures are traditionally fixed with percutaneous K-wires from dorsal to volar, or with a volar to dorsal screw via a volar open approach. While volar to dorsal screw fixation is biomechanically advantageous, an open approach requires extensive soft tissue dissection, thus increasing morbidity. This study aims to investigate the practicality and safety of Bennett fracture fixation using a percutaneous, volar to dorsal screw, particularly with regard to the median nerve and its motor branch during wire and screw insertion. Methods: Fifteen fresh frozen forearm and hand specimens were obtained from the University of Auckland human cadaver laboratory. A guidewire is placed under image intensifier from volar to dorsal with the thumb held in traction, abduction and pronation. The wire is passed through the skin volarly under image intensifier, then the median nerve is dissected from the carpal tunnel and the motor branch of the median nerve (MBMN) is dissected from its origin to where it supplies the thenar musculature. The distance between the K-wire to the MBMN is measured. Results: In 14 of 15 specimens, the wire was superficial and radial to the carpal tunnel. The mean distance to the origin of the MBMN is 6.2 mm (95% CI 4.1–8.3) with the closest specimen 1 mm away. The mean closest distance the wire gets to any part of the MBMN is 3.7 mm (95% CI 1.6–5.8); in two specimens, the wire was through the MBMN. Conclusions: Wire placement, although done under image intensifier, is subject to significant variation in exiting location. While research has shown the thenar portal in arthroscopic thumb surgery is safe, our guidewire needs to exit further ulnar to capture the Bennett fracture fragment, placing the MBMN at risk. This cadaveric study has demonstrated the proposed technique is unsafe for use.