bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glasses in theBa–Si–O–NSystem
Authors: Ali Sharafat , Jonson Bo 
Published: July 2011

The preparation and properties ofBa–Si–O–Nglasses are reported. These oxynitride glasses were prepared by melting mixtures ofBaH2,SiO2, andSi3N4powders in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1550°–1700°C. The glasses were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Final glass compositions were calculated from analyses obtained by energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy and combustion analysis, for cation and anion compositions, respectively. The glasses were found to be homogenous, translucent gray to opaque black, and consists ofNcontents of up to 42 equiv% andBacontents of up to 36 equiv%. Determined glass densities varied between 3.27 and 4.18 g/cm3, and calculated molar volumes varied between 10.28 and 11.11 cm3/mol. Both density and molar volume increase withBacontent. Glass compactness (0.45–0.49), glass transition temperature (786°–905°C), and microhardness (7.93–9.56 GPa) were found to increase linearly with N content. The refractive index increased from 1.66 to 1.91 and was found to be strongly correlated with the amounts ofBaandN.
Ascent™: A Novel Balloon Microcatheter Device Used as the Primary Coiling Microcatheter of a Basilar Tip Aneurysm
Authors: Kirmani Jawad F. , Paolucci Ugo 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTIntracranial aneurysms undergoing balloon‐assisted endovascular repair are particularly challenging given the concurrent use of one or more catheters in addition to the primary coiling microcatheter. Here, we describe a previously unreported novel device where a balloon catheter was used as the primary coiling microcatheter, thereby eliminated the need for additional catheters. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:191‐193.
Analysis of T2 Intensity by Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Deep Gray Matter Nuclei in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Effect of Immunomodulatory Therapies
Authors: Pawate Siddharama , Wang Lily , Song Yanna , Sriram Subramaniam 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo investigate differences in T2 intensity of deep gray matter (dGM) structures by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients undergoing various immunomodulatory therapies.BACKGROUNDIn MS, dGM T2 hypointensities by MRI are hypothesized to represent iron deposition and are known to be associated with worse disease stage as assessed by brain atrophy, cognitive and physical disability. The relation between immunotherapies and T2 intensity, however, has been not been investigated in detail.METHODSA total of 255 MS patients were stratified into those on no treatment (NON, n= 45), and those on immunomodulatory treatments for ≥6 months (ie, interferon beta [IFNβ]n= 118, glatiramer acetate [GA]n= 41, natalizumab [NAT]n= 39, and mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]n= 12). T2 intensities of dentate nucleus (DN), substantia nigra (SN), red nucleus (RN), and globus pallidus (GP) were measured. Group differences in T2 intensities were assessed using a linear regression model with T2 intensities as outcome variable, treatment group as main independent variable, and clinical measures such as Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, years of MS, and 25‐feet walk time (T25‐FW) as covariates. To compare T2 intensities before and after treatment in a subset of NAT‐treated patients, we used the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.RESULTSWhen adjusted for EDSS, duration of disease and T25‐FW, across all deep nuclei, NAT‐treated patients had significantly higher T2 intensities than untreated patients (DN p= 1.65 × 10−5; SN p= 2.37 × 10−5; RN p= 3.90 × 10−6; GP p= 1.05 × 10−6), IFNβ‐treated patients (DN p= 1.65 × 10−5; SN p= 2.37 × 10−5; RN p= 3.90 × 10−6; GP p= 1.05 × 10−6), and GA‐treated patients (DN p= 1.65 × 10−5; SN p= 2.37 × 10−5; RN p= 3.90 × 10−6; GP p= 1.05 × 10−6). In a subset of MS patients receiving NAT, there was a significant increase in T2 intensities in all the dGM nuclei after 24 months of treatment (DN p= 0.00021; SN p= <0.0001; RN p= 0.00015; GP p= 0.00011).CONCLUSIONOur preliminary observations suggest that long‐term NAT therapy in MS patients may affect T2 intensity levels of dGM brain nuclei, hence suggesting a potential effect of NAT beyond anti‐inflammatory effect. Prospective studies are warranted to provide more insights into our preliminary observations. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:137‐144.
Effects of mechanical stress on cytokine production in mandible‐derived osteoblasts
Authors: Yamamoto K , Yamamoto T , Ichioka H , Akamatsu Y , Oseko F , Mazda O , Imanishi J , Kanamura N , Kita M 
Published: June 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 712–719Objective:  Mechanical stress is known to be an important factor in the regulation of bone remodeling, and mandibular bone is continuously exposed to mechanical stressors such as occlusal force. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of mechanical stress approaching occlusal force, to which mandible‐derived osteoblasts (MDOB) are exposed, on cytokine expression and production using an original hydrostatic pressure apparatus.Materials and Methods:  The levels of cytokine in MDOB were examined by real‐time RT‐PCR, ELISA, and western blotting. In addition, mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor for ERK1/2, JNK, and p‐38 pathways was used to identify the signal transduction pathway.Results:  Hydrostatic pressure increased the expression of IL‐6 and TNF‐α mRNA in a magnitude‐ and time‐dependent manner and also enhanced IL‐6 and TNF‐α protein production. Furthermore, hydrostatic pressure changed the RANKL/OPG ratio in favor of RANKL for both mRNA and protein levels. Specific inhibitor of p‐38 pathway but not that of the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways suppressed the up‐regulation of RANKL production induced by hydrostatic pressure loading.Conclusion:  These results suggest that MDOB play a role in cytokine production in response to mechanical stress and that occlusal force may support the maintenance of mandible bone homeostasis by activating bone remodeling through osteoclastogenesis.
Increased white matter integrity of posterior cingulate gyrus in the evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Weihui , Shu Ni , Zheng Huirong , Zhang Zhijun , Zhang Yan , He Zhong , Hou Cailan , Li Zexuan , Liu Jun , Wang Lifeng , Duan Lian , Jiang Tianzi , Li Lingjiang 
Published: June 2011

Objective:Functional imaging studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have shown an increased activation of posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) of the brain. The aim of this study was to explore white matter integrity of PCG in PTSD subjects.Methods:White matter integrity, as determined from fractional anisotropy (FA) value using diffusion tensor imaging, was assessed for PCG in subjects with and without PTSD from a severe mine accident. All subjects were also measured by the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the logical memory subtest and the visual reproduction subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised in China. Sixteen PTSD subjects (8 subjects in each group) in the longitudinal study and 13 PTSD subjects as well as 14 non-PTSD controls in the cross-sectional case–control study were respectively recruited.Results:In the longitudinal study, subjects with PTSD showed increased FA values in left PCG during the follow-up scan. In the cross-sectional study, FA values in bilateral PCG in PTSD subjects were higher than controls. Within the PTSD group (n= 13), FA values in the left PCG correlated positively with logical memory and negatively with PCL-C intrusion and STAI-trait (STAI-t) subscores. FA values in right PCG correlated negatively with STAI-t and STAI-state subscores.Conclusion:These findings suggest that alterations of white matter integrity in PCG link to mnemonic and affective processing in PTSD over the long-term follow-up period.
Excessive activation of the loop between the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and glycogen synthase kinase-3βin the hippocampi of patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Oh Dong Hoon , Park Seon-Cheol , Park Yong Chon , Kim Seok Hyeon 
Published: June 2011

Objective:We showed previously that glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β) levels are significantly elevated in the hippocampi of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the exact cause of this elevation and its function are unknown. Recent animal studies have suggested a mechanism involving the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) NR2B–GSK-3βloop.Methods:To investigate the existence of an NR2B–GSK-3βloop in the hippocampi of patients with MDD, we examined the expression of NR2B. We also attempted to identify markers that correlate with NR2B levels in the hippocampus, using the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium Integrative Database (SNCID). The SNCID is a web-based tool used to integrate Stanley Medical Research Institute (SMRI) data sets.Results:We found that hippocampal levels of NR2B and DLGAP1 mRNA were higher in the MDD group (n= 8) than in unaffected controls (n= 12) (p< 0.05). NR2B expression levels were correlated with the expression levels of NR2A, NR1, DLGAP1, GSK-3βand nitric oxide synthase 1, as well as with the number of calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampus in all subjects in the SNC (n= 42,p< 0.001).Conclusion:The results of our study show the possible involvement of excessive activation of the NR2B–GSK-3βloop in the overexpression of GSK-3βin the hippocampi of patients with MDD.
Measuring buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars using CBCT
Authors: Shewinvanakitkul W , Hans MG , Narendran S , Martin Palomo J 
Published: June 2011

To cite this article:
Shewinvanakitkul W, Hans MG, Narendran S, Martin Palomo J: Measuring buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars using CBCT Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:168–174Structured AbstractAuthors –  Shewinvanakitkul W, Hans MG, Narendran S, Palomo JMObjectives –  To develop a reliable method to measure buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars, and to evaluate a possible correlation between buccolingual inclination with their respective interdental width.Methods –  The sample consisted of 37 boys and 41 girls untreated orthodontic patients averaging 13.2 ± 0.96 years. A line tangent to the inferior border of the mandible and the long axis of the tooth measured buccolingual inclination. Intercanine and intermolar widths were measured on casts.Results –  Reliability (ICC) values were >0.94. The mean mandibular canine inclination was 98.0 ± 4.1°, with mean width 26.0 ± 2.2 mm. The mean mandibular molar inclination was 74.6 ± 4.7° with mean width 40.9 ± 2.7 mm. First molar inclination of Class II molar subjects (73.7 ± 4.2°) was significantly less (p ≤ 0.05) than of Class I subjects (75.6 ± 4.9°). There were low correlations between interdental width and buccolingual inclination.Conclusions –  A practical and reliable method to measure buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars is here described using Cone Beam Computed Tomography and a commercially available DICOM software.
Imaging the urinary tract in children with urinary tract infection
Authors: Hannula Annukka , Venhola Mika , Perhomaa Marja , Pokka Tytti , Renko Marjo , Uhari Matti 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate whether ultrasonography (US) alone is sufficient in imaging the urinary tract in 1185 children with urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods:  The reports on US and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) were reviewed.Results:  Initial US was normal in 861/1185 patients (73%). VCUG revealed abnormal findings in 285/861 (33%), of which grade III–V vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) comprised 97 cases (11%). During follow‐up, VUR had resolved in 88/97 (91%) patients: in 50/57 (88%) patients without active treatment for VUR, in 27/29 (93%) with endoscopic and in 11/11 (100%) with open surgery for VUR. During follow‐up, 11/97 patients (11%) had developed new renal scarring detectable in US, but no renal impairment occurred. Except for VUR, VCUG showed nonobstructive urethral valves in two infant boys with normal initial US. Thus, in 861 children with normal initial US, 40 patients with grade III–V VUR and two patients with significant nonreflux pathology may have benefited from surgical treatment, giving the total number of possibly missed pathological finding in 42/861 (4.9%) cases if VCUG had not been performed.Conclusion:  We suggest that children with UTI could be examined using US alone and to use VCUG only after additional indications.
Amplitude‐integrated EEG differences in premature infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sommers Ross , Tucker Richard , Laptook Abbot 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate differences in amplitude‐integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) recordings of infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).Methods:  This is a cross‐sectional study of infants ≤27 weeks at birth who did (n = 17) or did not develop BPD (n = 17). aEEG tracings were recorded at 360–366 weeks post‐menstrual age for 6 h using the BrainZ BRM3 monitor. A cross‐cerebral channel was evaluated using offline software Analyze (BrainZ).Results:  Infants with BPD had lower gestational age and higher male predominance (25 ± 1 weeks, 70%) compared with non‐BPD infants (26 ± 1 weeks, 30%, all p ≤ 0.03), but similar birth weight (704 ± 195 vs. 796 ± 167 g, p = 0.1). During active sleep, infants with BPD had wider span voltage (p = 0.03), higher lower border voltage (p < 0.03), as well as less periods of quiet sleep per hour (p < 0.01) compared with non‐BPD infants. These differences persisted after adjustment for covariates.Conclusion:  Infants with BPD have small but significant differences in their aEEG tracings compared with infants without BPD at 36 weeks. Further study of infants with BPD using aEEG appears justified to determine whether aEEG variables correlate with neurodevelopmental outcome.
Review article: People who present on multiple occasions to emergency departments
Authors: Nelson Katherine , Connor Margaret , Wensley Cynthia , Moss Cheryle , Pack Margaret , Hussey Tania 
Published: June 2011

AbstractResearch about people who present on multiple occasions to the ED began in the 1980s. Despite this, little is known of their journey as patients. Understanding ED use as a journey can help clinicians improve how they meet the needs of this patient group. Multiple terms were used to identify research on the use of the ED. Papers were included if they had a primary focus on multiple presentations by the general ED population. Integrative review methods were used to extract findings related to the patients' journeys. The findings confirm a sequence of events and processes that provide an outline of the journey through the experience of people who present on multiple occasions. The journey concerns people's decisions to present and re‐present to the ED, their assessments on arrival, dilemmas of treatment, outcomes of care and long‐term health outcomes. This patient group often have high and complex health needs, engage extensively with other health services and have poor long‐term health outcomes. The issue of multiple presentations to the ED is complex and ongoing because of the morbidity of the people concerned, the preference of patients to attend, the purpose of the ED and preparation and role of the personnel and the difficulties with continuity of care. The provision of care for people who present on multiple occasions can be improved within the ED and health services generally through a better understanding of presentations.
Point prevalence of access block and overcrowding in New Zealand emergency departments in 2010 and their relationship to the ‘Shorter Stays in ED’ target
Authors: Jones Peter G , Olsen Sarah 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: To document the extent of access block and ED overcrowding in New Zealand in 2010 and to determine whether these were linked to the hospital's ability to meet the Shorter Stays in ED target.Methods: Surveys of all New Zealand EDs were undertaken at two points in time in 2010 to determine ED occupancy. Data on target achievement during corresponding time periods were obtained from the Ministry of Health.Results: In tertiary and secondary hospitals, respectively, access block was seen in 64% versus 23% (P= 0.05) and overcrowding was seen in 57.1% versus 39% (P= 0.45). No hospital with access block met the ‘Shorter Stays’ target, compared with 60% without access block (P= 0.001). Twenty‐three per cent of hospitals with ED overcrowding met the target compared with 43% without ED overcrowding (P= 0.42). The number of patients experiencing ≥8 h delay to admission were 25 in May and 59 in August (P= 0.04). This represented 45.5% and 79.7% of patients waiting for admission, respectively (P= 0.08).Conclusion: Hospital access block was seen more often in larger hospitals and significantly associated with failure to meet the ‘Shorter Stays in ED’ health target, whereas ED overcrowding was seen in both small and large hospitals, but not associated with failure to meet the target.
Internal Pudendal Artery from Type 2 Diabetic Female Rats Demonstrate Elevated Endothelin-1-Mediated Constriction
Authors: Allahdadi Kyan J. , Hannan Johanna L. , Ergul Adviye , Tostes Rita C. , Clinton Webb R. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Diabetes is a risk factor for female sexual dysfunction (FSD). FSD has several etiologies, including a vasculogenic component that could be exacerbated in diabetes. The internal pudendal artery supplies blood to the vagina and clitoris and diabetes-associated functional abnormalities in this vascular bed may contribute to FSD.

Aim
The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non-obese model of type 2 diabetes with elevated endothelin-1 (ET-1) activity. We hypothesize that female GK rats have diminished sexual responses and that the internal pudendal arteries demonstrate increased ET-1 constrictor sensitivity.

Methods
Female Wistar and GK rats were used. Apomorphine (APO)-mediated genital vasocongestive arousal (GVA) was measured. Functional contraction (ET-1 and phenylephrine) and relaxation (acetylcholine, ACh) in the presence or absence of the ETA receptor antagonist (ETAR; atrasentan) or Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) were assessed in the internal pudendal and mesenteric arteries. Protein expression of ET-1 and RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway was determined in the internal pudendal and mesenteric arteries.

Main Outcome Measure
APO-mediated GVAs; contraction and relaxation of internal pudendal and mesenteric arteries; ET-1/RhoA/Rho-kinase protein expression.

Results
GK rats demonstrated no APO-induced GVAs. Internal pudendal arteries, but not mesenteric arteries, from GK rats exhibited greater contractile sensitivity to ET-1 compared with Wistar arteries. ETAR blockade reduced ET-1-mediated constriction in GK internal pudendal and mesenteric arteries. Rho-kinase inhibition reduced ET-1-mediated constriction of GK internal pudendal but not mesenteric arteries; however, it had no effect on arteries from Wistar rats. RhoA protein expression was elevated in GK internal pudendal arteries. At the highest concentrations, ACh-mediated relaxation was greater in the GK internal pudendal artery; however, no difference was observed in the mesenteric artery.

Conclusions
Female GK rats demonstrate decreased sexual responses that may be because of increased constrictor sensitivity to the ET-1/RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling in the internal pudendal artery.
Using Genital Self-Image, Body Image, and Sexual Behaviors to Predict Gynecological Exam Behaviors of College Women
Authors: DeMaria Andrea L. , Hollub Ariane V. , Herbenick Debby 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite the benefits of gynecological exams, they continue to be underused. A woman's decision to seek gynecological care may be influenced by a number of factors including genital image, body image, and sexual behaviors.

Aims
The purpose of this study was to assess if genital self-image, body image, and sexual behaviors predict gynecological exam behaviors among a convenience sample of college women.

Methods
Data were collected from female students enrolled in health-related courses at a large southern university. A total of 450 completed surveys were collected.

Main Outcome Measure
Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze participant characteristics. Reliability analyses were conducted to assess internal consistency of scales used within the study, using Cronbach's alpha coefficient as an indicator of this reliability. Predictive discriminant analysis (PDA) was used to indicate the predictor, or group of predictors, best suited to predict gynecological exam behaviors of college women.

Results
Hit rates yielded from the PDA indicate the number of cases correctly predicted by the classification functions, with higher hit rates being indicative of better predictive capabilities. The following variables were found to be most predictive of gynecological exam behaviors: (i) having had a vaginal intercourse (VI) partner during the past 3 months (68.2%); (ii) genital self-image paired with having had a VI partner (68.2%); (iii) having had a VI partner paired with having had an anal intercourse (AI) partner during the past 3 months (68.2%); and (iv) genital self-image, VI, and AI combined (68.2%).

Conclusion
VI behavior was found to be the primary predictor of gynecological exam behavior in the current study. Understanding the factors influencing a woman's decision to engage in regular gynecological exams is important in order for health and medical professionals to address the limiting factors in this preventive health measure.
CHANGES IN RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE FLOUR DURING EXTRUSION COOKING
Authors: GUHA MANISHA , ALI S. ZAKIUDDIN 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTFlour from two rice cultivars, one (IR‐64) with a high (28.6%) and the other (Agonibora) with a low (5.0%) amylose content, having 20% moisture, was extruded at different barrel temperatures (80–120C), through a twin‐screw extruder at a constant feed rate (15 kg/h) and screw speed (400 rpm). The effect of barrel temperature and amylose content of rice extrudates on pasting and rheological properties were examined using rapid visco‐analyzer and a coaxial cylinder system, respectively. Extrudates from low‐amylose rice exhibited lower paste viscosity than from high‐amylose rice. Different rheological models (Power law, Herschel–Bulkley, Bingham and Casson) were examined for the best description of the shear rate/shear stress data. The Herschel–Bulkley model fitted best (r ≥ 0.948–0.989, P ≤ 0.01) for the high‐amylose rice, whereas the Power law model showed best fit (r ≥ 0.998–0.999, P ≤ 0.01) for the low‐amylose rice extrudate.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe end use of pregelatinized rice flour prepared by extrusion cooking depends on the pasting and flow behavior characteristics of its starch that are largely controlled by the amylose content of rice cultivar. The present work offers a general approach for characterization of pasting profile and rheological behavior of pregelatinized extruded rice flour. The extruded flour from low‐amylose rice exhibited lower pasting and apparent viscosity than from the high‐amylose one. The low‐amylose rice extrudates render itself more suitable as a base material in food formulations where a high solid density per unit volume is required. The extrudate from high‐amylose rice, on the other hand, could be used as a thickener in convenience foods such as soup mixes. The results obtained may be useful to food industries for development of newer food formulations based on extruded rice flour.