bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Stem Cell Grafting in an Animal Model of Chronic Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Hattiangady Bharathi , Shetty Ashok K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeural stem cell (NSC) transplantation into the hippocampus could offer an alternative therapy to hippocampal resection in patients with drug‐resistant chronic epilepsy, which afflicts ∼30% of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cases. Multipotent, self‐renewing NSCs could be expanded from multiple regions of the developing and adult brain, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, to provide a comprehensive methodology involved in testing the efficacy of transplantation of NSCs in a rat model of chronic TLE, NSCs derived from the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) are taken as an example in this unit. The topics comprise description of the required materials, reagents and equipment, and protocols for expanding MGE‐NSCs in culture, generating chronically epileptic rats, the intrahippocampal grafting, post‐grafting evaluation of the effects of NSC grafts on spontaneous recurrent seizures and cognitive impairments, analyses of the yield and the fate of graft‐derived cells, and the effects of NSC grafts on the host hippocampus. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 18:2D.7.1‐2D.7.31. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation of Inducible shRNAi Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines
Authors: Avery Stuart 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis unit describes the generation of tetracycline‐inducible short hairpin RNA interference (shRNAi) human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines. Using this vector‐based approach enables stable and long‐term expression of target hairpins under the control of doxycycline/tetracycline. Target degradation can be controlled in both a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner that can even be switched off, depending upon the particular requirements of the study. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 18:5C.1.1‐5C.1.14. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Situ Observation of Strain Development and Porosity Evolution in Nanoporous Gold Foils
Authors: Dotzler Christian J. , Ingham Bridget , Illy Benoit N. , Wallwork Kia , Ryan Mary P. , Toney Michael F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe formation of nanoporous gold by open circuit dealloying of 100 nm AgAu foils in nitric acid is investigated in situ and in real time by combining synchrotron small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The time dependence of the dealloying is followed as a function of acid concentration. For all concentrations, several characteristic dealloying stages are observed. Firstly, there is a fast initial dissolution stage with an increase in surface area due to pore and mound formation; this leads to strain in the nanoporous gold that results from an increase in capillary pressure. After dissolution is complete, there is rapid coarsening of the quasi‐periodic, pore–ligament morphology. During this later stage, we deduce strong strain anisotropies that can be explained by preferred crystallographic orientation of ligaments. This rapid coarsening stage is followed by a slow coarsening stage where the SAXS patterns, and hence the quasi‐periodic morphology, is self‐similar in time. There is a strong correlation between the morphology evolution and strain development, which can be explained by capillary forces.
Solid‐State Electrode Materials with Ionic‐Liquid Properties for Energy Storage: the Lithium Solid‐State Ionic‐Liquid Concept.
Authors: Le Bideau Jean , Ducros Jean‐Baptiste , Soudan Patrick , Guyomard Dominique 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHerein, the novel concept of a solid‐state electrode materials with ionic‐liquid (IL) properties is presented. These composite materials are a mixture of electroactive matter, an electronic conductor, a solid‐state ionic conductor and a polymeric binder. The approach of a solid‐state ionic conductor combines the high safety of an IL with the nanoconfinement of such a liquid in a mesoporous silica framework, an ionogel, thus leading to a solid with liquid‐like ionic properties. The same ionic conductor is also used as a solid‐state separator to evaluate the properties of our solid‐state electrode materials in all‐solid‐state batteries. Such a concept of a solid‐state electrode material contributes to addressing the challenge of energy storage, which is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. The ionogel, along with its processability, allows a single‐step preparation of the assembly of the solid‐state electrode and solid‐electrolyte separator and can be applied without specific adaptation to present, thick electrodes prepared by the widespread tape‐casting technique. The filling of the electrode porosity by an ionogel is shown by elemental mapping using scanning electron microscopy, and is subsequently confirmed by electrochemical measurements. The ionogel approach is successfully applied without specific adaptation to two state‐of‐the‐art, positive electroactive materials developed for future‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, namely LiFePO4 and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2.
Enhancement Of Dielectric Permittivity And Electromechanical Response In Silicone Elastomers: Molecular Grafting Of Organic Dipoles To The Macromolecular Network
Authors: Kussmaul Björn , Risse Sebastian , Kofod Guggi , Waché Rémi , Wegener Michael , McCarthy Denis N. , Krüger Hartmut , Gerhard Reimund 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel method is established for permittivity enhancement of a silicone matrix for dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) by molecular level modifications of the elastomer matrix. A push‐pull dipole is synthesized to be compatible with the silicone crosslinking chemistry, allowing for direct grafting to the crosslinker molecules in a one‐step film formation process. This method prevents agglomeration and yields elastomer films that are homogeneous down to the molecular level. The dipole‐to‐silicone network grafting reaction is studied by FTIR. The chemical, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of films with dipole contents ranging from 0 wt% to 13.4 wt% were thoroughly characterized. The grafting of dipoles modifies the relative permittivity and the stiffness, resulting in the actuation strain at a given electrical field being improved by a factor of six.
2D Versus 3D Crystalline Order in Thin Films of Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Oriented by Mechanical Rubbing and Epitaxy
Authors: Hartmann Lucia , Tremel Kim , Uttiya Sureeporn , Crossland Edward , Ludwigs Sabine , Kayunkid Navaphun , Vergnat Christelle , Brinkmann Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHighly oriented films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are prepared by two methods: mechanical rubbing and directional epitaxial crystallization. The structure, nanomorphology, and optical and charge‐transport properties of the oriented films are investigated by electron diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), absorption spectroscopy, and transistor field‐effect measurements. In rubbed films, P3HT chains align parallel to the rubbing direction and the crystalline domains orientation changes from preferential edge‐on to flat‐on orientation. The maximum in‐plane orientation probed by absorption spectroscopy is a function of the polymer molecular weight Mw; the lower the Mw, the higher the in‐plane orientation induced by rubbing. The anisotropy of field‐effect mobility measured parallel and perpendicular to the rubbing shows the same trend as the absorption. The Mw‐dependence of the orientation is explained in terms of chain folding and entanglement that prevent the reorientation and reorganization of the π‐stacked chains, especially when Mw ≥ 50 kDa. For comparison, P3HT films are oriented by directional epitaxial crystallization using a zone‐melting technique. Electron diffraction and HR‐TEM show that epitaxial and rubbed films differ in terms of intralamellar order within layers of π‐stacked chains. Comparison of UV‐vis absorption spectra for the different samples suggests that the vibronic structure is sensitive to intralamellar disorder.
Development of silica‐gel‐supported polyethylenimine sorbents for CO2 capture from flue gas
Authors: Zhang Zhonghua , Ma Xiaoliang , Wang Dongxiang , Song Chunshan , Wang Yonggang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn order to reduce the sorbent preparation cost and improve its volume‐based sorption capacity, the use of an inexpensive and commercially available silica gel was explored as a support to prepare a solid polyethylenimine sorbent (PEI/SG) for CO2 capture from flue gas. The effects of the pore volume and particle size of the silica gels, molecular weight of polyethylenimine and amount of polyethylenimine loaded, sorption temperature and moisture in the flue gas on the CO2 sorption capacity of PEI/SG were examined. The sorption performance of the developed PEI/SG was evaluated by using a thermogravimetric analyzer and a fixed‐bed flow sorption system in comparison with the SBA‐15‐supported polyethylenimine sorbent (PEI/SBA‐15). The best PEI/SG sorbent showed a mass‐based CO2 sorption capacity of 138 mg‐CO2/g‐sorbent, which is almost the same as that of PEI/SBA‐15. In addition, the PEI/SG gave a high volume‐based sorption capacity of 83 mg‐CO2/cm3‐sorbent, which is higher than that of PEI/SBA‐15 by a factor of 2.6. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2495–2502, 2012
Heat and mass transfer in calcination of limestone particles
Authors: Takkinen Sirpa , Saastamoinen Jaakko , Hyppänen Timo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe heat and mass‐transfer phenomena occurring during the calcination of limestone particles was studied by means of modeling. The applicability of two modeling methods for calcination was compared under different conditions. An unsteady numerical particle model with mass, momentum, energy balance, and shrinking core models were chosen for the study. The influence of different phenomena (chemical kinetics, advective and diffusive mass transfer, and heat transfer) in different conditions was evaluated with the aid of dimensionless parameters, and their relative importance was shown in a regime chart. Especially, the significance of advection was studied and its importance in high CO2 concentration was observed. Local temperatures inside the particle were obtained by solving a dynamic energy balance in each particle layer including calcination reaction energy and conduction heat transfer. Noticeable temperature differences between constant ambient conditions and the particle were observed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2563–2572, 2012
Spatially resolved characteristics of pharmaceutical sprays
Authors: Muliadi Ariel R. , Sojka Paul E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSpatially resolved drop size, velocity, and volume flux data for five different spray coating guns were described in this study. Such spatially resolved measurements show how sprays respond to changes in operating conditions and gun design in ways that less complete measurements can not provide. Data for instance, allow us to recognize the unique drop size distribution of one of the sprays tested, which ultimately was an important factor in determining the dual roles of the shaping air flows: depending on drop size, viscosity, and the magnitude of the shaping air velocity, the shaping air can either pinch or induce secondary atomization to the sprays. When the former outweighs the latter, a dumbbell‐shaped spray develops; a more uniform spray results when the opposite occurs. Volume flux data from the different sprays also suggest that a more robust and consistent tablet coating process can likely be designed by utilizing multiple overlapping round sprays. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Middle cerebral artery intraplaque hemorrhage: Prevalence and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Xu Wei‐Hai , Li Ming‐Li , Gao Shan , Ni Jun , Yao Ming , Zhou Li‐Xin , Peng Bin , Feng Feng , Jin Zheng‐Yu , Cui Li‐Ying 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:Little is known about the composition of middle cerebral artery (MCA) plaques and how they relate to clinical status. Using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI), we aimed to examine the occurrence of high signal on T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed images (HST1) of MCA plaques, which are highly suggestive of fresh or recent intraplaque hemorrhage.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the HR‐MRI and clinical data of 107 adult patients with high‐grade (>70%) MCA stenosis. On HR‐MRI, HST1 within an MCA plaque was defined as an area with an intensity >150% of the signal of adjacent muscles. The relationship between HST1 and clinical presentations was analyzed.Results:A total of 109 stenotic MCAs (46 symptomatic and 63 asymptomatic) on 981 image slices were analyzed. HST1 was revealed on HR‐MRI in 11 vessels (10.1%, 9 symptomatic and 2 asymptomatic). The occurrence rate of HST1 between symptomatic and asymptomatic MCAs was significantly different (19.6% vs 3.2%, p = 0.01).Interpretation:HST1 within MCA plaque on HR‐MRI is associated with ipsilateral stroke. Our results provide new insight into the vascular biology of MCA atherosclerosis. Ann Neurol 2012;71:195–198
An operational approach to National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease
Authors: Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Weigand Stephen D. , Wiste Heather J. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Lowe Val , Kantarci Kejal , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Senjem Matthew L. , Ivnik Robert J. , Roberts Rosebud O. , Rocca Walter A. , Boeve Bradley F. , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:A workgroup commissioned by the Alzheimer's Association (AA) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) recently published research criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). We performed a preliminary assessment of these guidelines.Methods:We employed Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as our biomarker of cerebral amyloidosis, and 18fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging and hippocampal volume as biomarkers of neurodegeneration. A group of 42 clinically diagnosed AD subjects was used to create imaging biomarker cutpoints. A group of 450 cognitively normal (CN) subjects from a population‐based sample was used to develop cognitive cutpoints and to assess population frequencies of the different preclinical AD stages using different cutpoint criteria.Results:The new criteria subdivide the preclinical phase of AD into stages 1 to 3. To classify our CN subjects, 2 additional categories were needed. Stage 0 denotes subjects with normal AD biomarkers and no evidence of subtle cognitive impairment. Suspected non‐AD pathophysiology (SNAP) denotes subjects with normal amyloid PET imaging, but abnormal neurodegeneration biomarker studies. At fixed cutpoints corresponding to 90% sensitivity for diagnosing AD and the 10th percentile of CN cognitive scores, 43% of our sample was classified as stage 0, 16% stage 1, 12 % stage 2, 3% stage 3, and 23% SNAP.Interpretation:This cross‐sectional evaluation of the NIA‐AA criteria for preclinical AD indicates that the 1–3 staging criteria coupled with stage 0 and SNAP categories classify 97% of CN subjects from a population‐based sample, leaving only 3% unclassified. Future longitudinal validation of the criteria will be important ANN NEUROL 2012;
The sulfated conjugate of biochanin A is a substrate of breast cancer resistant protein (ABCG2)
Authors: An Guohua , Morris Marilyn E. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to investigate the role of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) in the transport of biochanin A and its metabolites. Transport studies were carried out in MDCK/bcrp1 as well as in control cells, and samples were analysed for biochanin A aglycone and metabolites using LC/MS/MS. In bidirectional transport studies biochanin A sulfate was detected in both apical and basolateral chambers after the addition of biochanin A. Analysis by RT‐PCR revealed that the enzyme sulfotransferase 1A1 is expressed in Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK)‐II cells. After its intracellular formation, biochanin A sulfate was preferentially transported to the basolateral side in MDCK/Mock cells, whereas apical transport of biochanin A sulfate was predominant in MDCK/Bcrp1 cells. Genistein, an additional metabolite of biochanin A formed intracellularly, was also found to be a bcrp1 substrate. Studies with MDCK/MRP2 (ABCC2) cells demonstrated that both genistein and biochanin A sulfate are not MRP2 substrates. In contrast, biochanin A aglycone was not transported by murine or human BCRP; nor is it a substrate of MRP2 or P‐glycoprotein. Therefore, BCRP may play an important role in the enteric cycling of biochanin A sulfate and through this mechanism may alter the bioavailability of its non‐substrate parent compound biochanin A. Moreover, MDCK‐II cells might be a suitable model to investigate the synergistic role of sulfotransferase enzymes with efflux transporters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomic classification of the endoscopic appearance of the normal appendiceal orifice: A novel tool for recognition and documentation of cecal intubation
Authors: Aslinia Florence M. , Bagi Preet , Sorkin John D. , Williams Richard B. , Knodell Robert G. , Sorkin Lawrence F. , Greenwald Bruce D. , Steele Allison , Raufman Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2011

AbstractComplete colonoscopy for cancer screening requires cecal intubation. Failure to reach and examine the cecum may result in missed right colon pathology. We developed and validated a novel classification scheme for the endoscopic appearance of the normal appendiceal orifice (AO). We analyzed 1,456 AO images and grouped them into four categories based on distinguishing features: “diverticuloid,” “umbilicoid,” “crescent,” and “linear.” An expert panel classified the images and modified these categories, combining crescent and linear categories into “curvilinear.” A 100‐image subset was classified twice by a validation cohort consisting of gastroenterology faculty and fellows. Inter‐observer agreement among the expert panel, and intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement among the validation cohort were analyzed using Fleiss' kappa statistic. The distribution of AO images was 67% curvilinear, 19% umbilicoid, and 10% diverticuloid; 85 images (4%) were not classifiable. There was substantial inter‐observer agreement among the expert panel (κ, 0.72). Inter‐observer agreement among the validation cohort was moderate (κ, 0.53 and 0.55 for the first and second viewing, respectively). Intra‐observer κ values among the validation cohort were 0.69 for the overall classification, 0.65 for diverticuloid, 0.70 for umbilicoid, and 0.70 for curvilinear, indicating substantial agreement. This simple, validated classification scheme for the endoscopic appearance of the normal AO can be used both as a research and clinical tool to measure endoscopic quality, improve cecal examination, and document successful cecal intubation. Clin. Anat. 25:496–502, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Co‐culture and Nutrients Supplementation on Bioremediation of Crude Petroleum Sludge
Authors: Devi Mamilla Prathima , Reddy Motakatla Venkateswar , Juwarkar Asha , Sarma Ponnapalli Nageswara , Mohan Srinivasula Reddy Venkata 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEx‐situ bioremediation of real‐field crude petroleum sludge was evaluated to elucidate the role of co‐culture (bioaugmentation) and external nutrients supplementation (biostimulation) under anaerobic microenvironment. Maximum removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was observed by integrating biostimulation with bioaugmentation (R5, 44.01%) followed by bioaugmentation alone (R4, 34.47%), co‐substrate supplemented operations [R6, 23.36%; R3, 16.5%; R2, 9.88%] and control (R1, 4.36%). Aromatics fraction showed higher degradation in all the conditions studied. Fate of six selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated during bioremediation. Among these, four ring PAHs compounds showed good degradation by integration of biostimulation with bioaugmentation (R5) while bioaugmentation alone (R4) documented good degradation of three ring PAHs. Lower ring PAHs compounds showed good degradation with the application of biostimulation (R6). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) detected the presence of known PAHs degrading microorganisms viz., Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acido bacteria, Sulphur reducing bacteria Firmicutes, etc. Application of biostimulation and bioaugmentation strategies alone or in combinations documented noticeable influence on the degradation of petroleum sludge.
Understanding racial differences in deceased‐donor kidney transplantation: Geography, poverty, language, and health insurance coverage
Authors: Hall Yoshio N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDespite the continued growth of diverse populations on dialysis, no prior studies have comprehensively compared the barriers to kidney transplantation among different racial and ethnic groups. This brief review summarizes key findings from a recent study that examined specific determinants of diminished access to, or delayed completion of, deceased‐donor kidney transplantation among major racial‐ethnic groups in the United States. In particular, we focus on the relative influence on transplantation rates of clinical factors, such as histocompatibility, residential geography, health insurance coverage, poverty, and other socioeconomic factors according to patient race or ethnicity. Dial. Transplant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tubby‐RFP balancers for developmental analysis: FM7c 2xTb‐RFP, CyO 2xTb‐RFP, and TM3 2xTb‐RFP
Authors: Pina Cara , Pignoni Francesca 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report here the construction of Tubby‐RFP balancers for the X, 2nd and 3rd chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. The insertion of a 2xTb‐RFP transgene on the FM7c, CyO, and TM3 balancer chromosomes introduces two easily scorable, dominant, developmental markers. The strong Tb phenotype is visible to the naked eye at the larval L2, L3, and pupal stages. The RFP associated with the cuticle is easily detected at all stages from late embryo to adult with the use of a fluorescence stereomicroscope. The FM7c Bar 2xTb‐RFP, CyO Cy 2xTb‐RFP, and TM3 Sb 2xTb‐RFP balancers will greatly facilitate the analysis of lethals and other developmental mutants in L2/L3 larvae and pupae, but also provide coverage of other stages beginning in late embryogenesis through to the adult. genesis 50:119–123, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Bapx1Cre‐EGFP mouse lines for lineage tracing and conditional knockout studies
Authors: Sivakamasundari V. , Yun Chan Hsiao , Yun Chan Hsiao , Peng Yap Sook , Xing Xing , Kraus Petra , Lufkin Thomas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTo gain insight into the roles of various genes in development and to circumvent embryonic lethality that hinders genetic studies, lineage tracing and conditional knockout techniques have been widely performed on mice using the increasing numbers of gene‐targeted Cre mouse lines. Employing the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and the 2A peptide multicistronic expression strategies, we report two new Bapx1 mouse lines with functional Bapx1 whereby Cre and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) are expressed discretely under the control of the Bapx1 promoter. These mouse lines, when mated with the Rosa26R‐lacZ reporter line, can be used to trace the lineage of Bapx1‐expressing cells whereas stage‐specific, spatial expression of Bapx1 can be visualized by the EGFP fluorescence. In addition, both of our Bapx1Cre‐EGFP mouse lines can be used to enrich for Bapx1‐specific cells and also serve as effective conditional knockout tools to investigate gene functions in the skeleton and/or visceral organs. genesis, 50:375–383, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.