bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETERMINING CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (h) FOR HEATING AND COOLING OF BOTTLES IN WATER IMMERSION
Authors: AUGUSTO PEDRO E.D. , PINHEIRO TALITA FERRAMOLA , CRISTIANINI MARCELO 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThermal process, specially the in‐package process, is one of the safest and most frequently used methods for food preservation. Mathematical models for heat transfer have been widely used as a powerful tool in safety and high‐quality food process design. The convective heat transfer coefficient (h) is essential for heat flux calculation in model boundary conditions, and its determination must be done by the actual heat transfer system. The present study has determined the h‐values for two commercial bottles (G1 and G2) in two water immersion systems, one for heating and one for cooling. It was calculated by an inverse heat transfer problem, using computational fluid dynamics. Two methodologies for h determination were compared, using either a conductive material or a convective material inside the packages. The methodology that uses a conductive material showed simpler and faster computational simulation, but presented a limitation related with the Biot number of the process. Results indicated a limitation in the most used methodology for h determination, and suggest that the convective material methodology can be an alternative for this analysis. For the same systems, the hheating value for G1 was almost 50% higher than for G2, and hcooling values for G1 were almost 70% higher than for G2. Differences obtained between bottles highlight the need to determine h for the exact heat transfer system. Moreover, these results indicate that there is a potential for process optimization only by varying its package format, as it can influence the heat flux for the packaging.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results obtained from this study highlight the influence of geometry on the convective heat transfer coefficient among bottles and immersion water systems. It also confirms the possibility of optimizing the thermal process through package format changes, allowing the obtainment of safer products with better sensorial and nutritional characteristics at a lower cost and energy expenditure. However, further studies are needed to better understand the package geometry in thermal processes. On the other hand, it contributes for thermal processes studies as it stands out the importance of determining this property for the actual system studied, besides showing its limitations for determination based on a conductive product widely utilized in the literature.
Micropulse diode laser trabeculoplasty – 180‐degree treatment
Authors: Rantala Elina , Välimäki Juha 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the outcome of 180° micropulse diode laser trabeculoplasty (MDLT) in patients with open‐angle glaucoma.Methods:  A retrospective review of 40 eyes of 29 MDLT‐treated patients with a minimum follow‐up time of 6 months. Successful outcome was defined as follows: (i) a ≥20% or (ii) a ≥3‐mmHg decrease of intraocular pressure (IOP), no further need for laser‐ or incisional surgery and the number of glaucoma medication was the same or less than preoperative. These definitions will from now on be referred to as definition one and definition two.Results:  Life‐table analysis showed an overall success rate of 2.5% (1/40) and 7.5% (3/40) (according to definitions one and two, respectively) after up to 19 months of follow‐up. The average time for failure was by definition one 2.9 months (standard deviation, SD ± 3.5, range 1–12 months) and by definition two 3.3 months (SD ± 3.9, range 1–16 months). There were no intra‐ or postoperative complications caused by MDLT. Postoperative inflammatory reaction, cells and flare, was scanty.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that 180° MDLT is a safe but ineffective treatment in patients with open‐angle glaucoma.
Characterization of Novel Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract
Treponema
Isolates and Comparison with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponemes
Authors: Evans Nicholas J. , Brown Jennifer M. , Murray Richard D. , Getty Brian , Birtles Richard J. , Hart C. Anthony , Carter Stuart D. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to isolate and characterize treponemes present in the bovine gastrointestinal (GI) tract and compare them with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) treponemes. Seven spirochete isolates were obtained from the bovine GI tract, which, on the basis of 16S rRNA gene comparisons, clustered within the genus
Treponema
as four novel phylotypes. One phylotype was isolated from several different GI tract regions, including the omasum, colon, rumen, and rectum. These four phylotypes could be divided into two phylotype pairs that clustered closest with each other and then with different, previously reported rumen treponemes. The treponemes displayed great genotypic and phenotypic diversity between phylotypes and differed considerably from named treponeme species and those recently reported by metagenomic studies of the bovine GI tract. Phylogenetic inference, based on comparisons of 16S rRNA sequences from only bovine treponemes, suggested a marked divergence between two important groups. The dendrogram formed two major clusters, with one cluster containing GI tract treponemes and the other containing BDD treponemes. This division among the bovine treponemes is likely the result of adaptation to different niches. To further differentiate the bovine GI and BDD strains, we designed a degenerate PCR for a gene encoding a putative virulence factor,
tlyC
, which gave a positive reaction only for treponemes from the BDD cluster.
Tetracycline Resistance-Encoding Plasmid from
Bacillus
sp. Strain #24, Isolated from the Marine Sponge
Haliclona simulans
Authors: Phelan Robert W. , Clarke Charles , Morrissey John P. , Dobson Alan D. W. , O'Gara Fergal , Barbosa Teresa M. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Knowledge of the nature of resistance determinants in natural habitats is fundamental to increasing our understanding of the development of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. Here we provide the first report of a tetracycline resistance-encoding plasmid, pBHS24, from a marine sponge-associated bacterium,
Bacillus
sp. strain #24, isolated from
Haliclona simulans
.
Characterization of Cyanate Metabolism in Marine
Synechococcus
and
Prochlorococcus
spp
Authors: Kamennaya Nina A. , Post Anton F. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Cyanobacteria of the genera
Synechococcus
and
Prochlorococcus
are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms on earth, occupying a key position at the base of marine food webs. The
cynS
gene that encodes cyanase was identified among bacterial, fungal, and plant sequences in public databases, and the gene was particularly prevalent among cyanobacteria, including numerous
Prochlorococcus
and
Synechococcus
strains. Phylogenetic analysis of
cynS
sequences retrieved from the Global Ocean Survey database identified >60% as belonging to unicellular marine cyanobacteria, suggesting an important role for cyanase in their nitrogen metabolism. We demonstrate here that marine cyanobacteria have a functionally active cyanase, the transcriptional regulation of which varies among strains and reflects the genomic context of
cynS
. In
Prochlorococcus
sp. strain MED4,
cynS
was presumably transcribed as part of the
cynABDS
operon, implying cyanase involvement in cyanate utilization. In
Synechococcus
sp. strain WH8102, expression was not related to nitrogen stress responses and here cyanase presumably serves in the detoxification of cyanate resulting from intracellular urea and/or carbamoyl phosphate decomposition. Lastly, we report on a cyanase activity encoded by
cynH
, a novel gene found in marine cyanobacteria only. The presence of dual cyanase genes in the genomes of seven marine
Synechococcus
strains and their respective roles in nitrogen metabolism remain to be clarified.
Virulence Characterization of Shiga-Toxigenic
Escherichia coli
Isolates from Wholesale Produce
Authors: Feng Peter C. H. , Councell Terry , Keys Christine , Monday Steven R. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

The 13 Shiga-toxigenic
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains isolated from wholesale spinach and lettuce consisted mostly of serotypes that have not been implicated in illness. Among these strains, however, were two O113:H21 that carried virulence genes common to this pathogenic serotype (
stx
2
,
ehxA
,
saa
, and
subAB
), suggesting that their presence in ready-to-eat produce may be of health concern.
Stability and Tick Transmission Phenotype ofgfp-TransformedAnaplasma marginalethrough a CompleteIn VivoInfection Cycle
Authors: Noh Susan M. , Ueti Massaro W. , Palmer Guy H. , Munderloh Ulrike G. , Felsheim Roderick F. , Brayton Kelly A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTWe tested the stability and tick transmission phenotype of transformedAnaplasma marginalethrough a completein vivoinfection cycle. Similar to the wild type, thegfp-transformedA. marginalestrain established infection in cattle, a natural reservoir host, and persisted in immune competent animals. The tick infection rates for the transformedA. marginaleand the wild type were the same. However, there were significantly lower levels of the transformedA. marginalethan of the wild type in the tick. Despite the lower levels of replication, ticks transmitted the transformant. Transformants can serve as valuable tools to dissect the molecular requirements of tick colonization and pathogen transmission.
Mage-A Cancer/Testis Antigens Inhibit p53 Function by Blocking Its Interaction with Chromatin
Authors: Marcar Lynnette , MacLaine Nicola J. , Hupp Ted R. , Meek David W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a major protective role in tumor prevention by coordinating changes in gene expression that lead to the elimination of cancer cells. Mage-A proteins comprise a family of metastasis-associated transcriptional regulators that potently inhibit p53 function. Here, we show that Mage-A interacts with 3 distinct peptides each of which is located within the DNA binding surface of the core domain of p53 and encompasses amino acids that are critical for site-specific DNA binding. These data suggest that Mage-A may block the association of p53 with its cognate sites in chromatin. Consistent with this idea, silencing of Mage-A expression leads to upregulation of several p53-responsive genes in a p53-dependent manner and stimulates by several fold the interaction of p53 with the p21, MDM2, and PUMA promoters. Notably, these effects can occur in the absence of genotoxic stress, leading in a p53-dependent manner, to cell-cycle delay and increased cell death. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which Mage-A proteins may suppress the p53 transcriptional program during tumor development and highlight the p53/Mage-A interaction as a prospective therapeutic target. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10362–70. ©2010 AACR.
The Authenticity of Two 2nd /8th Century Hanafi Legal Texts: the Kitāb al-āthār and al-Muwatta' of Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Shaybāni
Authors: Sadeghi Behnam 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Kitāb al-āthar represents the lecture notes of two students of a single teacher who is alleged by the two students to be al-Shaybāni. These two attempted to write down in a verbatim fashion the traditions quoted by the teacher; however, when the teacher compared his views with those of other jurists, the students (or, at least, one of them) felt free to write down the comparisons in their own, personal styles. This discrepancy, I argue, confirms that the teacher was not a scholar who projected his own views back onto al-Shaybāni. The teacher was indeed al-Shaybāni himself. Stylistic analysis indicates that the book did not grow organically. It also shows that the Muwatta' of al-Shaybāni shared its origin with the Athār ; thus, the former, too, is authentic. The essay concludes with a comment on the authenticity of the materials attributed by al-Shaybāni to certain earlier authorities.
Digital gene expression tag profiling of bat digits provides robust candidates contributing to wing formation
Authors: Wang Zhe , Dong Dong , Ru Binghua , Young Rebecca L , Han Naijian , Guo Tingting , Zhang Shuyi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
As the only truly flying mammals, bats use their unique wing - consisting of four elongated digits (digits II-V) connected by membranes - to power their flight. In addition to the elongated digits II-V, the forelimb contains one shorter digit (digit I) that is morphologically similar to the hindlimb digits. Here, we capitalized on the morphological variation among the bat forelimb digits to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying digit elongation and wing formation. Using next generation sequencing technology, we performed digital gene expression tag profiling (DGE-tag profiling) of developing digits in a pooled sample of two Myotis ricketti and validated our sequencing results using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of gene expression in the developing digits of two Hipposideros armiger.

Results
Among hundreds of genes exhibiting significant differences in expression between the short and long digits, we highlight 14 genes most related to digit elongation. These genes include two Tbx genes (Tbx3 and Tbx15), five BMP pathway genes (Bmp3, RGMB, Smad1, Smad4 and Nog), four Homeobox genes (Hoxd8, Hoxd9, Hoxa1 and Satb1), and three other genes (Twist1, Tmeff2 and Enpp2) related to digit malformations or cell proliferation. In addition, our results suggest that Tbx4 and Pitx2 contribute to the morphological similarity and five genes (Acta1, Tnnc2, Atp2a1, Hrc and Myoz1) contribute to the functional similarity between the thumb and hindlimb digits.

Conclusions
Results of this study not only implicate many developmental genes as robust candidates underlying digit elongation and wing formation in bats, but also provide a better understanding of the genes involved in autopodial development in general.
Opening up or Closing Down Radioactive Waste Management Policy? Debates on Reversibility and Retrievability in Finland, France, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Lehtonen Markku 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe possibilities of recovering radioactive waste deposited for final disposal (retrievability), and of reversing decisions concerning the management of the waste (reversibility) have emerged as central issues on the policymaking agenda in a number of countries. Calls for reversibility and retrievability (R&R) have emanated mainly from civil society and politicians, and have subsequently, and to varying degrees in different countries, been translated into technical and administrative solutions. This paper examines the ways in which R&R have been dealt with in the national‐level radioactive waste management (RWM) policies in France, Finland, and the UK, and examines the role of the debates around R&R in fostering deliberative democracy. The focus of the analysis is on the participatory and deliberative planning and decision‐making processes instigated by the state and the nuclear industry. The paper argues that in France and the UK the broad societal debates over the years concerning R&R have to a certain degree contributed to an “opening up” of the RWM policymaking to new options and new actors. In Finland, by contrast, R&R were addressed briefly, as an essentially technico‐economic issue, with a rapid closure of the debate around the notion that retrievability had been ensured in the RWM company's original disposal concept. The paper identifies three factors that may, apart from the strict administrative and legislative framework governing the Finnish RWM policy, help to explain the differences between the three countries in general and the Finnish “exceptionality” in particular: the control of knowledge production in the area of RWM, the degree of trust in public institutions, and the credibility and status of nongovernmental organizations.
Development of intron targeting (IT) markers for potato and cross‐species amplification in Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae)
Authors: Poczai Péter , Cernák István , Gorji Ahmad Mosapour , Nagy Sándor , Taller János , Polgár Zsolt 
Published: November 2010

• Premise of the study: Intron Targeting (IT) primers were developed for potato using expressed sequence tags (EST) and NCBI database records to study genetic diversity.• Methods and Results: Twenty‐nine polymorphic intron targeting (IT) markers were generated and characterized from 30 samples of potato and 22 samples of Solanum nigrum to detect polymorphism. The number of alleles (A) per locus ranged from 2 to 7 in the analyzed populations, and the observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) from 0 to 0.833 and 0.750, respectively. All of the primers also amplified in the related species S. nigrum.• Conclusions: The developed markers will provide valuable tools for genetic diversity analysis, genetic mapping, and marker‐assisted breeding of potato and related Solanum species.
Regulation of Follicular B Cell Differentiation by the Related E26 Transformation-Specific Transcription Factors PU.1, Spi-B, and Spi-C
Authors: DeKoter Rodney P. , Geadah Marc , Khoosal Sonam , Xu Li S. , Thillainadesan Gobi , Torchia Joseph , Chin Shu Shien , Garrett-Sinha Lee Ann 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSplenic B-2 cells can be divided into two major subsets: follicular (FO) and marginal zone (MZ) B cells. FO and MZ B cells are generated from immature transitional B cells. Few transcription factors have been identified that regulate FO B cell differentiation. The highly related proteins PU.1, Spi-B, and Spi-C are transcription factors of the E26-transformation-specific family and are important for B cell differentiation and function. To determine whether these proteins play a role in the differentiation of FO B cells, we performed a detailed analysis of splenic B cells in mice with inactivating mutations in the genes encoding PU.1 (Sfpi1) or Spi-B (Spib). Sfpi1+/− Spib−/− (PUB) mice had a 9-fold reduction in the frequency of CD23+ FO B cells compared with that of wild-type mice. In contrast, PUB mice had a 2-fold increase in the frequency of MZ B cells that was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. Expression of Spi-C in Eμ-Spi-C transgenic PUB mice partially rescued frequencies of CD23+ B cells. Gene expression analysis, in vitro reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that transcription of the Fcer2a gene encoding CD23 is activated by PU.1, Spi-B, and Spi-C. These results demonstrate that FO B cell differentiation is regulated by the E26-transformation-specific transcription factors PU.1, Spi-B, and Spi-C.
The Different Extent of B and T Cell Immune Reconstitution after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Enzyme Replacement Therapies in SCID Patients with Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Authors: Serana Federico , Sottini Alessandra , Chiarini Marco , Zanotti Cinzia , Ghidini Claudia , Lanfranchi Arnalda , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Caimi Luigi , Imberti Luisa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe lack of adenosine deaminase (ADA) leads to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, resulting in SCID. If the disease is left untreated, it is likely to have a fatal outcome in early infancy. Because hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy with pegylated bovine ADA (PEG-ADA) are both provided in our hospital, we undertook a retrospective longitudinal comparative study of the extent of lymphocyte recovery in two groups of treated ADA-SCID children. Together with classical immunological parameters, we quantified the output of the new B and T cells from the production sites using the κ-deleting recombination excision circle and TCR excision circle assay, and we monitored T cell repertoire diversification. We found that immune reconstitution was different following the two treatments. The stable production of κ-deleting recombination excision circle+ lymphocytes sustained an increase in B cell number in HSCT-treated patients, whereas in PEG-ADA–treated patients, it was accompanied by a significant and progressive decrease in circulating CD19+ lymphocytes, which never reached the levels observed in age-matched children. The mobilization of TCR excision circle+ cells, though lower than in controls, was stable with time after HSCT treatment, leading to a constant peripheral T cell number and to the diversification of the T cell repertoire; however, it was compromised in children receiving prolonged PEG-ADA therapy, whose T cells showed progressively narrowing T cell repertoires.
Monocyte-Mediated Inhibition of TLR9-Dependent IFN-α Induction in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Questions Bacterial DNA as the Active Ingredient of Bacterial Lysates
Authors: Poth Jens M. , Coch Christoph , Busch Nicolas , Boehm Olaf , Schlee Martin , Janke Markus , Zillinger Thomas , Schildgen Oliver , Barchet Winfried , Hartmann Gunther 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Bacterial DNA contains unmethylated CpG dinucleotides and is a potent ligand for TLR9. Bacterial DNA has been claimed the active ingredient in bacterial lysates used for immunotherapy. Whereas the detection of viral DNA by TLR9 expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) with subsequent IFN-α production is well defined, the role of bacterial DNA during microbial infection is less clear. In fact, IFN-α is not a hallmark of antibacterial immune responses. Unlike in mice, TLR9 expression in humans is restricted to PDCs and B cells; thus, conclusions from murine models of infection have limitations. In this study, we demonstrate that lysates of heat-killed Escherichia coli containing bacterial DNA induced IFN-α in isolated PDCs but not in the mixed cell populations of human PBMCs. Depletion of monocytes restored IFN-α secretion by PDCs within PBMCs. We found that monocyte-derived IL-10 and PGs contribute to monocyte-mediated inhibition of IFN-α release in PDCs. We conclude that human PDCs can be stimulated by bacterial DNA via TLR9; however, in the physiological context of mixed-cell populations, PDC activation is blocked by factors released from monocytes stimulated in parallel by other components of bacterial lysates such as LPS. This functional repression of PDCs by concomitantly stimulated monocytes avoids production of antiviral IFN-α during bacterial infection and thus explains how the innate immune system is enabled to distinguish bacterial from viral CpG DNA and thus to elicit the appropriate responses despite the presence of CpG DNA in both types of infection.