bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BZM055, an Iodinated Radiotracer Candidate for PET and SPECT Imaging of Myelin and FTY720 Brain Distribution
Authors: Briard Emmanuelle , Orain David , Beerli Christian , Billich Andreas , Streiff Markus , Bigaud Marc , Auberson Yves P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya®) is a sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that shows significant therapeutic efficacy after oral administration to patients of multiple sclerosis. Because FTY720 does not contain any atom whose PET or SPECT radioisotope would have a half‐life compatible with its pharmacokinetic properties, it cannot be used directly for imaging. Instead, we propose BZM055 as a surrogate tracer to study its pharmacokinetics and organ distribution in patients and, given that FTY720 accumulates in myelin sheaths, for myelin imaging. BZM055 (2 a, 2‐iodo‐FTY720) can be easily radiolabeled with 123I (for SPECT) or 124I (for PET). Not only does it closely mimic the pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of FTY720, but also its affinity, selectivity for S1P receptors, phosphorylation kinetics, and overall physicochemical properties. [123I]BZM055 is currently under development for clinical imaging.
Pulmonary toxicity related to systemic treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: De Sanctis Alice , Taillade Laurent , Vignot Stephane , Novello Silvia , Conforti Rosa , Spano Jean Philippe , Scagliotti Giorgio Vittorio , Khayat David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPhysicians who are responsible for the delivery of systemic treatment in lung cancer should be aware of the potential risk of drug‐induced pulmonary toxicity (DIPT), because such toxicity may develop in the context of a multifactorial clinical condition. First, most patients with lung cancer may suffer from other non‐neoplastic, smoking‐related lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic obstructive lung disease, which may generate pathologic changes in lung parenchyma. In addition, lung cancer itself may worsen the respiratory function, inducing atelectasis and lymphangitic carcinomatosis. The superimposed iatrogenic damage may lead to respiratory failure and, sometimes, death. The risk of DIPT from chemotherapeutic agents has been widely examined in the past; and, currently, the potential for lung toxicity has been extended by the introduction of molecular targeted therapies. Because there are no univocal criteria with which to recognize DIPT, the diagnosis often is made by exclusion; consequently, it is hard to establish an early diagnosis. The objective of this review was to describe the major DIPTs associated with antineoplastic agents against nonsmall cell lung cancer to help physicians with this difficult diagnostic challenge. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Rapid IgE desensitization is antigen specific and impairs early and late mast cell responses targeting FcεRI internalization
Authors: Sancho‐Serra Maria del Carmen , Simarro Maria , Castells Mariana 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRapid IgE desensitization provides temporary tolerization for patients who have presented severe hypersensitivity reactions to food and drugs, protecting them from anaphylaxis, but the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Thus, here we develop an effective and reproducible in vitro model of rapid IgE desensitization for mouse BM‐derived mast cells (BMMCs) under physiologic calcium conditions, and we characterize its antigen specificity and primary events. BMMCs were challenged with DNP‐human serum albumin conjugated (DNP‐HSA) and/or OVA antigens, delivered either as a single dose (activation) or as increasing sequential doses (desensitization). Compared to activated cells, desensitized BMMCs had impaired degranulation, calcium flux, secretion of arachidonic acid products, early and late TNF‐α production, IL‐6 production, and phosphorylation of STAT6 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). OVA‐desensitized cells responded to DNP and DNP‐desensitized cells responded to OVA, proving specificity. Internalization of specific antigen, IgE and high‐affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) were impaired in desensitized BMMCs. Our results demonstrate that rapid IgE desensitization is antigen specific and inhibits early and late mast cell activation responses and internalization of the antigen/IgE/FcεRI complexes.
Anti‐inflammatory actions of phosphatidylinositol
Authors: van Dieren Jolanda M. , Simons‐Oosterhuis Ytje , Raatgeep H. C. (Rolien) , Lindenbergh‐Kortleve Dicky J. , Lambers Margaretha E. H. , van der Woude C. Janneke , Kuipers Ernst J. , Snoek Gerry T. , Potman Ron , Hammad Hamida , Lambrecht Bart N. , Samsom Janneke N. , Nieuwenhuis Edward E. S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractChronic inflammatory T‐cell‐mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often treated with immunosuppressants including corticosteroids. In addition to the intended T‐cell suppression, these farmacons give rise to many side effects. Recently, immunosuppressive phospholipids have been proposed as less‐toxic alternatives. We aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory capacities of the naturally occurring phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (PI). Systemic PI treatment dramatically reduced disease severity and intestinal inflammation in murine 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis. Moreover, PI treatment inhibited the inflammatory T‐cell response in these mice, as T cells derived from colon‐draining LN of PI‐treated mice secreted less IL‐17 and IFN‐γ upon polyclonal restimulation when compared to those of saline‐treated mice. Further characterization of the suppressive capacity of PI revealed that the phospholipid suppressed Th cell differentiation in vitro irrespective of their cytokine profile by inhibiting proliferation and IL‐2 release. In particular, PI diminished IL‐2 mRNA expression and inhibited ERK1‐, ERK‐2‐, p38‐ and JNK‐phosphorylation. Crucially, PI did not ablate Treg differentiation or the antigen‐presenting capacity of DCs in vitro. These data validate PI as a pluripotent inhibitor that can be applied mucosally as well as systemically. Its compelling functions render PI a promising novel physiological immune suppressant.
Expression of IL‐10‐triggered STAT3‐dependent IL‐4Rα is required for induction of arginase 1 in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Biswas Arunima , Bhattacharya Arijit , Kar Susanta , Das Pijush K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough enhanced macrophage‐specific arginase activity is directly related to increased parasite burden in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the regulation and precise role of arginase in the disease outcome of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has yet to be explored. As in CL, BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani showed increased levels of arginase in acute infection. Arginase 1 is the major isoform associated with infection and while the IL‐4‐induced arginase pathway is operative in CL, IL‐10 plays a crucial role in modulating arginase activity in VL, although a synergism with IL‐4 is required. IL‐10, in combination with IL‐4, regulated both in vivo and ex vivo arginase 1 induction in a STAT6 and C/EBPβ‐dependent fashion. Further investigation toward the cause of such synergism suggests that induction of a STAT3‐dependent IL‐10‐mediated cascade in VL triggers the expression and surface localization of the IL‐4 receptor alpha (IL‐4Rα) which, in turn, enhances IL‐4 responsiveness toward STAT6 and C/EBPβ‐dependent signaling for arginase 1. This could also offer a mechanistic explanation for the fact that, in spite of the low level of IL‐4 in VL, enhanced IL‐4‐Rα expression by IL‐10 might markedly amplify IL‐4‐mediated arginase 1 signaling and provide a possible mechanism for synergistic induction of arginase 1.
CXCR4 and CCR5 ligands cooperate in monocyte and lymphocyte migration and in inhibition of dual‐tropic (R5/X4) HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Gouwy Mieke , Struyf Sofie , Berghmans Nele , Vanormelingen Christophe , Schols Dominique , Van Damme Jo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOne of the most important functions of chemokines and their receptors is the regulation of directional migration of leukocytes within tissues. In specific tissue compartments, cells are exposed to multiple chemokines presented in complex dimensional and temporal patterns. Therefore, a leukocyte requires the mechanisms to integrate the various directional signals it receives from different chemoattractants. In this study, we report that CCL3, CCL5, and CCL8, three potent mononuclear cell chemoattractants, are able to synergize with the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12 in the migration of CD14+ monocytes, CD3+ T‐lymphocytes, or PHA‐activated lymphoblasts. In addition, CCL5 augmented the CXCR4 ligand‐driven ERK phosphorylation in mononuclear cells. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between CCL5 and CXCL12 in monocyte chemotaxis is inhibited in the presence of specific CCR1 antibody and AMD3100, but not by maraviroc. In HIV‐1 infection assays, a combination of CXCL12 and CCL5 cooperated to inhibit the replication of the dual‐tropic (R5/X4) HIV‐1 HE strain. Finally, although the dual‐tropic HIV‐1 strain was barely suppressed by AMD3100 or maraviroc alone, HIV‐1 infection was completely blocked by the combination of these two receptor antagonists. Our data demonstrate the cooperation between CCL5 and CXCL12, which has implications in migration of monocytes/lymphocytes during inflammation and in HIV‐1 infection.
Diiron Dichalcogenolato (Se and Te) Complexes: Models for the Active Site of [FeFe] Hydrogenase
Authors: Harb Mohammad K. , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Sakamoto Takahiro , El‐khateeb Mohammad , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA short overview of diiron dichalcogenolato (Se and Te) model complexes related to the chemistry of the diiron subsite of [FeFe] hydrogenase is presented. These model complexes allow direct comparison with the diiron dithiolato compound analogues for their ability to catalyze the formation of H2 from weak acids. Few detailed photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been reported until now, and the results will be summarized here. On the basis of preliminary results, we propose targets for the synthesis of more efficient biomimetic diiron dichalcogenolato catalysts.
Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Ketone Arylation under Mild Conditions
Authors: Cao Changsheng , Wang Lingling , Cai Zhengyuan , Zhang Lingqiao , Guo Jin , Pang Guangsheng , Shi Yanhui 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe α‐arylation of ketones with aryl halides catalyzed by the easily prepared and air‐stable palladium complex (SIPr)Pd(Py)Cl2 (3) is described. Complex 3 displays high activity for a variety of aryl halides (activated, unactivated, and sterically hindered aryl halides) under mild conditions. Moreover, both aryl and alkyl ketones can be arylated. The α‐arylation of some alkyl ketones can even be run at room temperature. The mono‐ or diarylated products of the unhindered dialkyl ketone 3‐pentanone could be controlled by temperature and the ratio of ketones to aryl halides.
Highly Efficient Total Synthesis of the Clostridium‐Derived anti‐MRSA Antibiotic Closthioamide
Authors: Kloss Florian , Lincke Thorger , Hertweck Christian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe antibiotic closthioamide from Clostridium cellulolyticum, the first example of a secondary metabolite from strictly anaerobic bacteria, was synthesized by a versatile and highly efficient synthetic route. This starts from simple building blocks and involves convergent peptide coupling and polythionation.
Is anorexia nervosa a version of autism spectrum disorders?
Authors: Oldershaw Anna , Treasure Janet , Hambrook David , Tchanturia Kate , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesSimilarities have been noted between cognitive profiles of anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, there are no direct comparison studies. This study aimed to compare the cognitive profile of AN against published ASD data on tasks measuring empathy, executive function and central coherence.MethodsCurrently ill AN outpatients (n = 40) were statistically compared against published ASD scores on Reading the Mind in the Eyes, Voice and Films tasks (assessing empathy), Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) (assessing executive function) and Embedded Figures Task (EFT) (assessing detail focus aspect of central coherence).ResultsCognitive profiles of the groups were statistically similar, except for differences in the relative patterns of empathy scores.ConclusionsThe cognitive profile in current AN resembles that of ASD with important clinical implications. Replication studies with planned comparisons, examination of the state‐or trait‐nature of AN profile and clarification of factors underpinning similarities are required in order to broaden understanding of both disorders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A case series evaluation of the Maudsley Model for treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Wade Tracey D , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveOutpatient psychotherapy has been largely unsuccessful in assisting adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) to achieve weight restoration. The aim of the current study was to evaluate change and attainment of good and moderate outcome at 12‐month follow‐up using the Maudsley Model for Treatment of Adults with AN (MANTRA).MethodsOf 33 people assessed, 28 people commenced therapy, and 23 completed it (82%).ResultsAt post‐treatment, seven people (30%) met the criteria for good outcome and one person met the criteria for moderate outcome. At 12‐month follow‐up, six people (26%) achieved good outcome, a further five achieved a moderate outcome, and there were significant improvements in body mass index, eating psychopathology and motivation, with large intention to treat effect sizes (ES) of 0.85, 1.19 and 1.57, respectively. Those people who dropped out of therapy were significantly more likely to binge or purge, and this behaviour was also associated with a moderate effect size (0.71) when examining differences between people who obtained good/moderate outcome versus poor outcome. Also predicting poor outcome status was lower baseline self‐esteem and ineffectiveness.ConclusionFurther evaluation of the use of MANTRA as an outpatient therapy for AN appears justified. Improvements to this therapy could include an early focus on binge and purge behaviour, as well as modules addressing low self‐esteem and ineffectiveness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Correlated co‐channel log‐normal interferers in cellular radio
Authors: Şafak Aysel , Prasad Ramjee 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe probability of co‐channel interference (PCI) in cellular radio systems is analyzed assuming that the desired signal and the co‐channel interferers are correlated in a log‐normal shadowing environment. The correlation between the signals in a log‐normal shadowing environment reduces the PCI and hence allows operation with shorter frequency reuse distances and smaller cluster sizes. Compared with omnidirectional systems, the cells employing directional antennas can operate with shorter frequency reuse distances and hence provide better usage of the frequency spectrum.
Sinewave modulation for data communication by direct digital synthesis and sigma delta techniques
Authors: Lazzari Gianni , Maloberti Franco , Oliveri Gianni , Torelli Guido 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDirect digital synthesis and sigma‐delta techniques have been proposed in recent years to realize sinewave generators and modulators for data communication. This paper explains the basic principles behind these techniques and presents schemes which implement popular modulation methods such as frequency shift keying, phase shift keying and amplitude modulation. The schemes are mostly implemented with digital circuits. They ensure a high degree of flexibility and are fully compatible with VLSI integration technologies. Experimental results obtained on integrated semicustom devices have demonstrated the validity of this approach.
Error performance of synchronous multiuser code division multiple access detector with multidimensional adaptive canceler
Authors: Siveski Zoran , Bar‐Ness Yeheskel , Chen David W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA code division multiple access detector that employs a combination of a decorrelator and a multidimensional interference canceler is considered. The weights of the canceler are adaptively controlled using a steepest descent algorithm. The probability of error is evaluated and compared to those of the decorrelating detector and a similar, fixed‐weights scheme that requires an estimation of received signal energies. It is shown that the proposed two‐stage detector provides substantial improvement over the decorrelating detector, particularly in the presence of strong interfering signals. This is especially noticeable in the high bandwidth efficiency cases. It is also observed that in the presence of weak interferers, the proposed scheme performs better than its fixed‐weights counterpart.
Exact performance evaluation of lightwave systems with optical preamplifier
Authors: Cariolaro Gianfranco L. , Corvaja Roberto , Pierobon Gianfranco L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper the performances of a direct‐detection receiver with optical doped fiber preamplifier are investigated. All the sources which contribute to the global noise are taken into account, namely the shot noise, the excess noise due to the randomness of the gain, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, and finally the thermal noise generated by the receiver. The approach is based on a probabilistic model of the amplifier that enables us to give the complete statistics of the noises. Comparisons with results previously obtained by different methods are presented. The effects of the amplifier gain, the spontaneous emission factor, the optical bandwidth, and the thermal noise on the error probability are examined and discussed.
The UK WTC 9/11 evacuation study: an overview of findings derived from first‐hand interview data and computer modelling
Authors: Galea Edwin R. , Hulse Lynn , Day Rachel , Siddiqui Asim , Sharp Gary 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThis paper briefly describes the methodologies employed in the collection and storage of first‐hand accounts of evacuation experiences derived from face‐to‐face interviews with evacuees from the World Trade Centre (WTC) Twin Towers complex on 11 September 2001 and the development of the High‐rise Evacuation Evaluation Database (HEED). The main focus of the paper is to present an overview of the preliminary analysis of data derived from the evacuation of the North Tower with an emphasis on frequency of occupant stoppages on stairs, occupant stair travel speeds and occupant response times. The paper also describes some of the evacuation modelling analyses of the evacuation of the North Tower undertaken as part of project HEED. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wave body interaction in 2D using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with variable particle mass
Authors: Omidvar Pourya , Stansby Peter K. , Rogers Benedict D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWave interaction with bodies is an important practical application for smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) which in principle applies to steep and breaking waves without special treatment. However, few detailed tests have been undertaken even with small amplitude waves. In order to reduce computer time a variable particle mass distribution is tested here with fine resolution near the body and coarse resolution further away, while maintaining a uniform kernel size. We consider two well‐defined test cases, in two dimensions, of waves generated by a heaving semi‐immersed cylinder and progressive waves interacting with a fixed cylinder. But first, still water with hydrostatic pressure is tested. The open‐source code SPHysics (http://www.sphysics.org)§Update made here after initial online publication. is used with a Riemann solver in an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation. For the heaving cylinder, SPH results for far field wave amplitude and cylinder force show good agreement with the data of Yu and Ursell (J. Fluid Mech. 1961; 11:529–551). For wave loading on a half‐submerged cylinder the agreement with the experimental data of Dixon et al. (J. Waterway Port Coastal Ocean Div. 1979; 105:421–438) for the root mean square force is within 2%. For more submerged cases, the results show some discrepancy, but this was also found with other modelling approaches. The sensitivity of results to the value of the slope limiter used in the MUSCL‐based Riemann solver is demonstrated. The variable mass distribution leads to a computer run speedup of nearly 200% in these cases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palaeomagnetism and chronology of Caledonian igneous episodes in the Cross Fell Inlier and northern Lake District
Authors: Piper J. D. A. , Mccook A. S. , Watkins K. P. , Brown G. C. , Morris W. A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study employs palaeomagnetism to differentiate between Palaeozoic minor intrusions in northern England. The lamprophyres of the Cross Fell Inlier subdivide petrographically into kersantites and minettes. All the kersantites have steep directions of magnetisation probably correlating with an interval of anomalous geomagnetic field in Caradocian times. The Threlkeld–St John's microgranodiorite (445 m.y.) and Carrock Fell dolerite dyke swarm also possess steep magnetisations assigned to the same interval. The minettes have shallow directions of magnetisation similar to the Shap Granite (393 m.y.) and correlate with the later Caledonian intrusions of northern England. These episodes of intrusion are separated by late‐Silurian tectonism and define a trend of increasing K2O/Na2O in the later magmas of the Caledonian orogeny. Miscellaneous palaeomagnetic results from the Borrowdale Volcanic Group, Embleton diorites and Haweswater dolerite are also reported.
Signaling pathways of ATP‐induced PGE2 release in spinal cord astrocytes are EGFR transactivation‐dependent
Authors: Xia Maosheng , Zhu Yue 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injury is characterized by an immediate, irreversible loss of tissue at the lesion site, as well as a secondary expansion of tissue damage over time. Although secondary injury should, in principle, be preventable, no effective treatment options currently exist for patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Excessive release of ATP by the traumatized tissue, triggers the rapid release of arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and has beenimplicated in acute and chronic neuropathic pain and inflammation. But the intracellular pathways between ATP and PGE2 remain largely unknown. We have explored the signaling events involved in this synthesis by primarily culturing spinal cord astrocytes: (1) we determined significant PGE2 production increased by ATP is mainly via Subtype 1 of P2 purinoceptors (P2Y1) but not P2Y2; (2) we found that ATP strongly increased the level of intracellular Ca2+ via P2Y1 receptor; (3) we indicated that ATP stimulates the definitely release of AA and PGE2 which involved the transactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, the phosphorylation of extracellular‐regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2); (4) we examined ATP could increase the phosphorylation of Akt via P2Y1 receptor which also depend on the transactivation of EGFR, but the activation of Akt has no effect on the downstream of cPLA2 phosphorylation. ATP induced by SCI could mobilize the release of AA and PGE2. And inhibition of PGE2 release reduces behavioral signs of pain after SCI and peripheral nerve injury. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.