bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual dynamics of aerial and arboreal green spruce aphid populations
Authors: Day Keith Richard , Ayres Matthew P. , Harrington Richard , Kidd Neil A. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPartial defoliation of spruce by the green spruce aphid Elatobium abietinum (Walker) is a recurrent event in European and, increasingly, North American forests. The patterns of insect abundance on trees have never been satisfactorily described by a numerical model despite considerable knowledge of endogenous and exogenous factors in the population dynamics of the species. Long‐term field population estimates of the aphid on foliage provided the opportunity to evaluate such a model. Unlike comparable models for tree‐dwelling aphids, this was also applicable to almost completely independent aphid field data derived from the Rothamsted Insect Survey's nationwide network of suction traps. Although based on relatively few parameters, the model was robust in its predictions of alate aphids geographically remote from the forest in which the original population was estimated. The population maximum, which causes the greatest forest damage, is reached in early summer and can be predicted from knowledge of winter temperature (chill bouts), spring temperature (thermal sum), and interannual negative feedback (density dependence). The model provides confirmation that alate populations of spruce aphids, upon which a number of other extensive studies have been based, are ultimately influenced by similar endogenous and climatic factors and that they are a reasonable proxy for aphids on trees.
The association of normative perceptions with adolescent smoking intentions
Authors: Brown Abraham Kojo , Moodie Crawford , Hastings Gerard , Mackintosh Anne‐Marie , Hassan Louise , Thrasher James 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe social norms approach suggests that tobacco use among a referent population will reduce provided they are presented with accurate information about the perceived norms of that behaviour. This study investigated adolescents' perceived tobacco‐related norms on future smoking intentions, using a sample of 11–16 year olds (n = 804) from wave two of the Youth Tobacco Policy Survey. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse, simultaneously, the hypothesized normative model on future smoking intentions among both adolescent smokers and never smokers. While among adolescent smokers perceived prevalence, perceptions of the tobacco industry and risk from smoking were associated with future smoking intentions, among never smokers only perceived sibling approval was associated with future smoking intentions. The research highlights the need for more comprehensive anti‐tobacco related campaigns that incorporate messages and stimuli relevant to behaviour reflecting these normative types.
Self‐discrepancies in work‐related upper extremity pain: Relation to emotions and flexible‐goal adjustment
Authors: Goossens Mariëlle E. , Kindermans Hanne P. , Morley Stephen J. , Roelofs Jeffrey , Verbunt Jeanine , Vlaeyen Johan W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecurrent pain not only has an impact on disability, but on the long term it may become a threat to one's sense of self. This paper presents a cross‐sectional study of patients with work‐related upper extremity pain and focuses on: (1) the role of self‐discrepancies in this group, (2) the associations between self‐discrepancies, pain, emotions and (3) the interaction between self‐discrepancies and flexible‐goal adjustment. Eighty‐nine participants completed standardized self‐report measures of pain intensity, pain duration, anxiety, depression and flexible‐goal adjustment. A Selves Questionnaire was used to generate self‐discrepancies. A series of hierarchical regression analyses showed relationships between actual–ought other, actual–ought self, actual–feared self‐discrepancies and depression as well as a significant association between actual–ought other self‐discrepancy and anxiety. Furthermore, significant interactions were found between actual–ought other self‐discrepancies and flexibility, indicating that less flexible participants with large self‐discrepancies score higher on depression.This study showed that self‐discrepancies are related to negative emotions and that flexible‐goal adjustment served as a moderator in this relationship. The view of self in pain and flexible‐goal adjustment should be considered as important variables in the process of chronic pain.
Feline Acromegaly
Authors: Niessen Stijn J M 
Published: December 2009

Practical relevance Clinicians who deal with diabetic cats can have mixed experiences. Some patients are ‘textbook cases’, responding very well to insulin administration; others prove to be more challenging. Recent studies have shown a significant proportion of problem diabetic cats to have underlying acromegaly (hypersomatotropism). Recognising this syndrome in these cats will be key to successfully managing the concurrent diabetes. Patient group Just like the ‘normal’ (non-acromegalic) diabetic cat, the acromegalic diabetic cat tends to be a middle-aged to older male neutered domestic short hair. However, with increasing case experience, this signalment may change. Most patients are insulin resistant, although this may not be the initial presenting sign. No breed predispositions have been recognised to date. Clinical challenges There is no single diagnostic test for feline acromegaly — a confident diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical signs, feline growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, and intracranial imaging. Additionally, the ideal treatment protocol has yet to be established. Currently, radiotherapy is considered by many to be the best treatment; however, costs, the need for multiple anaesthetics, and the often delayed and unpredictable treatment response represent serious limitations of this modality. Previously, medical treatment has proven unsuccessful. Recent studies provide some evidence in favour of, and some against, the use of newer long-acting somatostatin analogue preparations in a proportion of acromegalic cats. Evidence base Two recent studies have revealed a relatively high prevalence of acromegaly among diabetic cats. One also specifically assessed the value of hormonal tests, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging during the diagnostic process.
Successful Surgical Management of Spontaneous Gastric Perforations in Three Cats
Authors: Cariou Matthieu P L , Halfacree Zoe J , Lee Karla C L , Baines Stephen J 
Published: December 2009

Background In the veterinary literature, feline gastroduodenal ulcer disease has been described only in individual case reports or retrospective studies reporting small numbers of cats. Although its canine counterpart is commonly encountered, less is known about factors predisposing cats to gastroduodenal ulceration and potentially perforation. Similarly the outcome following treatment is not well reported in this species. Reported risk factors In dogs, hepatic disease and administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported as the two most common causes of gastroduodenal ulceration. In cats, only one clinical report so far has implicated an NSAID as a risk factor for spontaneous gastroduodenal perforation. Findings and practical relevance This report describes the historical and physical findings, as well as the treatment and outcome, in three cats with spontaneous gastric perforation that were receiving anti-inflammatory medication immediately prior to presentation. It highlights the importance of thorough patient evaluation in any cat presenting with non-specific clinical signs and a history of anti-inflammatory drug administration.
Palliative Endoscopic Surgery in Advanced Sinonasal and Anterior Skull Base Neoplasms
Authors: Tabaee Abtin , Nyquist Gurston , Anand Vijay K. , Singh Ameet , Kacker Ashutosh , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVESTo explore the role of endoscopic surgery for palliative intent in patients with advanced sinonasal and anterior skull base neoplasms.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective, multi‐institutional case series.SETTINGTertiary academic center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe medical records of six patients with advanced sinonasal and skull base neoplasms undergoing endoscopic surgery for palliative purposes were reviewed for patient demographics, treatment course, and postoperative outcome measures.RESULTSThe histology in this series included metastatic sinonasal mucosal melanoma in three patients, and high‐grade sarcoma, chordoma, and pituitary carcinoma each in one patient. The predominant symptoms in all patients related to sinonasal mass effect and local extension of disease. Symptomatic improvement was achieved in five of the six patients despite the poor overall outcome from the underlying lesion. There were no perioperative complications in this series.CONCLUSIONEndoscopic surgery may allow for palliation in advanced sinonasal and skull base neoplasms. The indications for this procedure are individualized on the basis of disease demographics and overall prognosis.
Facial Nerve Hemangiomas: Vascular Tumors or Malformations?
Authors: Benoit Margo McKenna , North Paula E. , McKenna Michael J. , Mihm Martin C. , Johnson Matthew M. , Cunningham Michael J. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVETo reclassify facial nerve hemangiomas in the context of presently accepted vascular lesion nomenclature by examining histology and immunohistochemical markers.STUDY DESIGNCohort analysis of patients diagnosed with a facial nerve hemangioma between 1990 and 2008.SETTINGCollaborative analysis at a specialty hospital and a major academic hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSeven subjects were identified on composite review of office charts, a pathology database spanning both institutions, and an encrypted patient registry. Clinical data were compiled, and hematoxylin‐eosin–stained specimens were reviewed. For six patients, archived pathological tissue was available for immunohistochemical evaluation of markers specific for infantile hemangioma (glucose transporter protein isoform 1 [GLUT1] and Lewis Y antigen) and for lymphatic endothelial cells (podoplanin).RESULTSAll patients clinically presented with slowly progressive facial weakness at a mean age of 45 years without prior symptomatology. Hemotoxylin‐eosin–stained histopathological slides showed irregularly shaped, dilated lesional vessels with flattened endothelial cells, scant smooth muscle, and no internal elastic lamina. Both podoplanin staining for lymphatic endothelial cells and GLUT1 and LewisY antigen staining for infantile hemangioma endothelial cells were negative in lesional vessels in all specimens for which immunohistochemical analysis was performed.CONCLUSIONLesions of the geniculate ganglion historically referred to as “hemangiomas” do not demonstrate clinical, histopathological, or immunohistochemical features consistent with a benign vascular tumor, but instead are consistent with venous malformation. We propose that these lesions be classified as “venous vascular malformations of the facial nerve.” This nomenclature should more accurately predict clinical behavior and guide therapeutic interventions.
Determinants of Outcomes of Sinus Surgery: A Multi‐Institutional Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Smith Timothy L. , Litvack Jamie R. , Hwang Peter H. , Loehrl Todd A. , Mace Jess C. , Fong Karen J. , James Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVES1) To measure the proportion of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who experience clinically significant improvement after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in a prospective, multi‐institutional fashion. 2) To identify preoperative characteristics that predict clinically significant improvement in quality of life (QOL) after ESS.STUDY DESIGNProspective, multi‐institutional cohort study.SETTINGAcademic tertiary care centers.SUBJECTS AND METHODSA total of 302 patients with CRS from three centers were enrolled between July 2004 and December 2008 and followed for an average of 17.4 months postoperatively. Preoperative patient characteristics, CT scan, endoscopy score, and pre‐ and postoperative quality of life (QOL) data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.RESULTSPatients improved an average of 15.8 percent (18.9 points) on the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index and 21.2 percent (21.2 points) on the Chronic Sinusitis Survey (both P < 0.001). Patients significantly improved on all eight Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) subscales (all P < 0.001). Among patients with poor baseline QOL, 71.7 percent of patients experienced clinically significant improvement on the RSDI and 76.1 percent on the CSS. Patients undergoing primary surgery were 2.1 times more likely to improve on the RSDI (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2, 3.4; P = 0.006) and 1.8 times more likely to improve on the CSS (95% CI, 1.1, 3.1; P = 0.020) compared with patients undergoing revision surgery.CONCLUSIONIn this prospective, multi‐institutional study, most patients experienced clinically significant improvement across multiple QOL outcomes after ESS. Specific patient characteristics provided prognostic value with regard to outcomes.
Facial Nerve Function and Hearing Preservation Acoustic Tumor Surgery: Does the Approach Matter?
Authors: Hillman Todd , Chen Douglas A. , Arriaga Moises A. , Quigley Matthew 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVEThe retrosigmoid and middle fossa approaches to acoustic tumor excision allow for hearing preservation but differ in the angle of approach to the facial nerve. The authors comparatively examined facial nerve results of each approach.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGMultiple physician subspecialty practice.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe authors reviewed facial nerve outcomes of patients undergoing acoustic tumor excision at a single subspecialty practice that had used a hearing preservation approach for the past 15 years. The retrosigmoid and middle fossa approaches were compared. Hearing results and recurrence rates were also examined.RESULTSOne hundred thirty‐eight patients had adequate data for inclusion in this study. Of the patients undergoing a middle fossa approach, 80 percent had a House‐Brackmann (HB) grade I‐II outcome, whereas 90 percent of patients undergoing the retrosigmoid approach had an HB grade I‐II. When classifying HB I and II outcomes together, we did not find a statistically different result between the surgical groups. Upon more critical analysis, however, facial function recovered faster and there were more long‐term HB grade I function results in the retrosigmoid group. There were more recurrent/residual tumors in the retrosigmoid group and better hearing preservation in the middle fossa group.CONCLUSIONThere are small but important functional outcome differences between the retrosigmoid and middle fossa approach for acoustic tumors. The clinician needs a working understanding of these differences so that the correct approach can be used to produce the best results for each patient.
Is a Positive Family History Predictive for Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in Children? An Evidence‐Based Case Report
Authors: Albersen Monique , Bulatović Maja , Lindner Sanneke H. , van Stiphout Feikje , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G. , Schilder Anne G. M. , Rovers Maroeska M. 
Published: December 2009

In this evidence‐based case report, we studied the clinical question: Is a positive family history of acute otitis media (AOM) predictive for recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) in children between zero and two years of age? The search yielded 3178 articles, of which only two were relevant and had a high validity regarding our clinical question.Neither of these two studies provided the final answer to our clinical question because they did not report stratified absolute risks for a positive family history. Fortunately, we were able to study the absolute risks in one of the two studies. The absolute risk of rAOM without distinguishing family history was 33 percent; the risk was 27 percent for children without a family history and 45 percent for children with a positive family history. Family history increases the absolute risk, but not in a way that it will help to predict rAOM accurately.
A Charge Delivered to the Grand Jury, at the General Quarter Session of the Peace; Held at Guildhall, Westminster; On Wednesday, April 6th, 1763
Authors: Knt John Fielding 
Published: December 2009

London:Printed for Charles Marsh, at Cicero's Head, Charing-Cross. MDCCLXIII.To the Earl of Northumberland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, one of the Lords of His Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, and Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the County of Middlesex, and City and Liberty of Westminster.My Lord,As the following Charge is published at the unanimous request of the magistrates of the city and liberty of Westminster, present at the last quarter sessions held for the said city and liberty at Guild-hall, as well as that of the Grand Jury, to whom it was delivered, from their polite opinion, that it might be useful to mankind, methinks I feel their consent co-operating with my own inclinations, to dedicate die first fruits, even of a [ii] supposed advantage, arising from Guild-hall in Westminster, to your Lordship; as the origin and present existence of that court-house, so convenient and beneficial to this city and liberty, has been owing to your Lorship's public spirit and generosity. And I flatter myself, that its farther establishment will be much indebted to your care and attention.
A Charge Delivered to the Grand-Jury, at a Sessions of Oper and Cerminer and General Goal Delivery, For the City, and County of the City of Bristol, Held at the Guidhall there, On Saturday the 6th of April, 1793
Authors: Burke Richard 
Published: December 2009

The Grand Jurors direct that this Charge be printed and published at their Expence. — They likewise direct that the whole Produce of the Sale be applied at the Discretion of the Rev. Mr. Rimbron, to the relief of the Prisoners in Newgate.From the well know Benevolence of the Recorder, they presume he will not disapprove of such a Distribution.Gentlemen of the Grand Jury, After the painful duties attached to this seat were fulfilled, I have had, at the close of every Session, the pleasing task of delivering to the several Grand-Juries, the thanks of the Court. The Task was indeed pleasing, because the thanks have always been well deserved. The punctual attendance, the diligent enquiry, the intelligence with which the Grand-Juries of this City have gone thro' the business prepared for them, have been meritorious and exemplary. [2] You have observed, Gentlemen, that I have now relaxed the strictness of the usual course. The Names of the Defaulters have not been called over. I understand that there are, unfortunately, circumstances in the present time which demand from many persons, I might perhaps not improperly say from all, an encreased attention to their private concerns.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine in later life
Authors: Adams Jon , Lui Chi-Wai , McLaughlin Deirdre 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThe increasing prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is a significant health care issue in contemporary societies and researchers have identified CAM as holding potential for treating and coping with chronic illness and other conditions experienced in later life. This paper focuses upon contemporary research literature to provide a critical review of the prevalence, correlates, conditions, perceptions and communication of CAM use in later life. Evidence from recent research illustrates the substantial prevalence and complexity of CAM use amongst older people and such ‘community’ use requires all providers, regardless of their experience or perception of the worth of CAM, to at least acknowledge and enquire with their older patients about the potential use of these other medicines.
EVENSUPERHEROESNEED A NETWORK
Authors: Young Nicholas Maurice , Sundararajan Binod , Stewart Mary Liz , Stewart Paul 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe analyze historical data to conduct an exploratory structural investigation into the process that Harriet Tubman used to free her family and friends as a member of the New York State Underground Railroad (UGRR). We suggest that she accomplished this feat because of her ability to rely on embedded (Granovetter 1985; Uzzi 1996) network contacts that allowed her to bridge structural holes (Burt 1992) and link with people with whom she was not previously linked (Lin et al., 2001). We conclude by discussing the importance of network analysis for providing empirical meaning to historical events and episodes.
La interpretación en el ámbito de la medicina
Authors: Rosendo Lucía Ruiz 
Published: December 2009

International medical meetings are nowadays one of the events most frequently held in Spain and one of the meetings that usually turn to interpreting services. Consequently, medical congresses offer an interesting field to conference interpreters, especially those whose linguistic combination is English-Spanish. As a matter of fact, English is currently the language par excellence of international medical community. Nevertheless in spite of all those possibilities, we detect a lack of research studies in the field of medical interpreting. For this reason we initiated a research study in this field whose main purpose is to know the opinions and perceptions of one of the actors most involved in the act of interpreting: doctors that attend frequently international medical meetings and that turn to interpreting services.
This article aims at describing the most relevant results of our study with the ultimate goal of offering a general vision of the professional market situation of medical interpreting in Spain from the point of view of doctors.
Die erste philosophische Fakultät in Sachsen bis zum Beginn der Reformation im lokalen, regionalen und überregionalen Kontext
Authors: Wöhler Hans-Ulrich 
Published: December 2009

The first philosophical faculty in Saxony up to the beginning of the Reformation in its local, regional, and supraregional context. The University of Leipzig was founded in the year 1409. In the faculty of arts – the heart and the basis of the old university as a whole – there were numerous controversies during the first century of its existence. From the very beginning it competed with the older University of Prague, its historic mother, for an independent manner of philosophical thinking. The so-called »Wegestreit« between the via moderna and the via antiqua, and the »Poetenstreit« between traditional and new humanistic patterns of science and philosophy were constituents of late medieval philosophy in Germany. Especially the various forms of academic disputation, that is ordinary, extraordinary and quodlibetal disputations, played an important part within the first hundred years of existence of this university, specifically its faculty of arts. The famous disputation between Johann Eck and Martin Luther at Leipzig in the year 1519 was one of the culminating points of this practice. Considerable work remains to be done on the exploration of late medieval philosophy. The analysis of the collection of medieval philosophical manuscripts originating from the old University of Leipzig could provide some new material for our historical knowledge of this period.