bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed characteristics and germination limitations in the highly invasive Fallopia japonica s.l. (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Engler Jan , Abt Kai , Buhk Constanze 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe species in the Japanese knotweed complex (Fallopia japonica s.l. and its hybrids) are among the most invasive plants on earth. Their expansion and reproduction in the introduced range have been mostly due to vegetative reproduction, but observations of low seedling numbers and hybridization processes exist. Knowledge of factors affecting germination characteristics is essential if the risk of sexual reproduction is to be assessed, and its impact on the ability of the species to spread and adapt to different environments. This study aims to examine the germination success of Fallopia japonica s.l. seeds of different ages, quality, and storage conditions. Irrespective of age and even after natural overwintering in the soil, seeds germinated quite well (48–79%). Ungerminated seeds collected in autumn of 2008 were characterized by a low weight/length ratio (W/L), low nutrient concentrations, and a greenish tepal coloration. These differences may be due to alternative male taxa participating in the pollination process. Spring collected seeds were subject to strong predation by birds. In contrast to the high germination observed under laboratory conditions, seed germination or early establishment in the field was inhibited and only a few seedlings were observed. Although the factors that inhibit the establishment of mature seeds in the field remain unknown, there is a clear risk that sexual reproduction could gain importance in the future as a result of changing environmental conditions or genetic adaptation. Not only would this facilitate expansive dispersal by wind, but it might also increase the potential for further adaptation of the species complex.
Pseudotumoural soft tissue lesions of the hand and wrist: a pictorial review
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Eyselbergs Michiel , Van Hul Erik , Van Dyck Pieter , De Schepper Arthur M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Mimickers of soft tissue tumours in the hand and wrist are more frequent than true neoplastic lesions. Pseudotumours belong to a large and heterogeneous group of disorders, varying from normal anatomical variants, cystic lesions, post-traumatic lesions, skin lesions, inflammatory and infectious lesions, non-neoplastic vascular lesions, metabolic disorders (crystal deposition disease and amyloidosis) and miscellaneous disorders. Although the imaging approach to pseudotumoural lesions is often very similar to the approach to “true” soft tissue tumoral counterparts, further management of these lesions is different. Biopsy should be performed only in doubtful cases, when the diagnosis is unclear. Therefore, the radiologist plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of these lesions. Awareness of the normal anatomy and existence and common imaging presentation of these diseases, in combination with relevant clinical findings (clinical history, age, location and skin changes), enables the radiologist to make the correct diagnosis in most cases, thereby limiting the need for invasive procedures.
Lessons for low‐income regions following the reduction in hypertension‐related maternal mortality in high‐income countries
Authors: Goldenberg Robert L. , McClure Elizabeth M. , MacGuire Emily R. , Kamath Beena D. , Jobe Alan H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia‐associated maternal mortality in high‐income countries to understand better the potential improvements in pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia‐related mortality in low‐income countries.MethodsWe searched Medline, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database (1900–2010) using relevant search terms. Studies of the incidence of pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia and case fatality rates in various geographic regions were included. The incidence of pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia and the pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia‐associated case fatality rates are presented by location and year.ResultsMost declines in maternal mortality associated with pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia in high‐income countries occurred between 1940 and 1970 and were associated with a 90% reduction in the incidence of eclampsia and a 90% reduction in the case fatality rate in women with eclampsia. The most important interventions were widespread use of prenatal care with blood pressure and urine protein measurement, and increased access to hospital care for timely induction of labor or cesarean delivery for women with severe pre‐eclampsia or seizures.ConclusionsA substantial reduction in pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia‐related mortality could be made in low‐income countries by widespread hypertension and proteinuria screening and early delivery of women with severe disease. Magnesium sulfate may reduce mortality, but should not be the cornerstone of maternal mortality reduction programs.
Bioinformatic analysis of glycogen synthase kinase 3: human versus parasite kinases
Authors: OSOLODKIN DMITRY I. , ZAKHAREVICH NATALIA V. , PALYULIN VLADIMIR A. , DANILENKO VALERY N. , ZEFIROV NIKOLAY S. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYObjective.Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a promising target for the treatment of various human diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and inflammation. Successful inhibition of the homologues of this kinase inPlasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma bruceiandLeishmania donovanimakes the kinase an attractive target for the treatment of malaria, trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis, respectively. The aim of this work was to compare the binding sites of the GSK-3 kinases of different parasites and to analyse them as possible targets for therapeutic compounds.Methods.Both a sequence alignment and homology models of the structure of 21 different GSK-3 homologues belonging to mammals, insects, pathogenic fungi, nematodes, trematodes and protozoa have been analysed, 17 of them being studied for the first time.Results.The structure of the kinases and, in particular, their binding sites, were found to be rather conserved, possessing small insertions or deletions and conserved amino acid substitutions. Nevertheless, the kinases of most species of parasite did have some amino acid differences from the human kinase, which could be exploited for the design of selective drugs.Conclusion.Comparison of the human and parasite GSK-3 ATP binding site models has shown that the development of selective drugs affecting parasite GSK-3 is possible. Known inhibitors of human GSK-3 can also be used as starting scaffolds for the search for drugs acting against parasitic diseases.
Factors associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in five cohorts of community-based older people: the HALCyon (Healthy Ageing across the Life Course) Programme
Authors: Gale C. R. , Sayer A. Aihie , Cooper C. , Dennison E. M. , Starr J. M. , Whalley L. J. , Gallacher J. E. , Ben-Shlomo Y. , Kuh D. , Hardy R. , Craig L. , Deary I. J. ,   the HALCyon Study Team
Published: February 2011

BackgroundSymptoms of anxiety and depression are common in older people, but the relative importance of factors operating in early and later life in influencing risk is unclear, particularly in the case of anxiety.MethodWe used data from five cohorts in the Healthy Ageing across the Life Course (HALCyon) collaborative research programme: the Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936, the Caerphilly Prospective Study, the Hertfordshire Ageing Study, the Hertfordshire Cohort Study and the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921. We used logistic regression to examine the relationship between factors from early and later life and risk of anxiety or depression, defined as scores of 8 or more on the subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and meta-analysis to obtain an overall estimate of the effect of each.ResultsGreater neuroticism, poorer cognitive or physical function, greater disability and taking more medications were associated in cross-sectional analyses with an increased overall likelihood of anxiety or depression. Associations between lower social class, either in childhood or currently, history of heart disease, stroke or diabetes and increased risk of anxiety or depression were attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounding or mediating variables. There was no association between birth weight and anxiety or depression in later life.ConclusionsAnxiety and depression in later life are both strongly linked to personality, cognitive and physical function, disability and state of health, measured concurrently. Possible mechanisms that might underlie these associations are discussed.
Then and now: evolving community in the context of a retirement village
Authors: BERNARD MIRIAM , LIDDLE JENNIFER , BARTLAM BERNADETTE , SCHARF THOMAS , SIM JULIUS 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThere is currently much debate in the United Kingdom policy and practice literature about how best to respond to the care and accommodation needs of people as they retire and grow older. Against a policy background which espouses the benefits of ‘lifetime homes and lifetime neighbourhoods’, the growth of purpose-built segregated retirement villages looks somewhat contradictory and is set to transform the housing scene. Whilst there has been considerable research into these environments in countries like the United States of America and Australia, we know comparatively little about what it is like to live in British retirement communities, how they evolve over time and whether they enhance people's lifestyle aspirations and quality of life. This paper examines these issues through the lens of ‘community’ and in the context of Denham Garden Village: a purpose-built retirement village in Buckinghamshire. Drawing on a range of qualitative data (from individual and group interviews, diaries and directives), we focus on how ‘community’ was conceptualised, experienced and understood both ‘then’ (in the early days of the village) and ‘now’ (subsequent to its redevelopment). The findings enable us to examine the extent to which ‘community’ evolves over time and raise important questions about how socially cohesive, or not, such retirement villages are.
Cross-national insights into the relationship between wealth and wellbeing: a comparison between Australia, the United States of America and South Korea
Authors: KIM SARANG , SARGENT-COX KERRY A. , FRENCH DAVINA J. , KENDIG HAL , ANSTEY KAARIN J. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe positive relationship between wealth and wellbeing has received considerable attention over the last three decades. However, little is known about how the significance of wealth for the health and wellbeing of older adults may vary across societies. Furthermore, researchers tend to focus mainly on income rather than other aspects of financial resources even though older adults often rely on fixed income, particularly after retirement. Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (N=1,431), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the United States of America (USA; N=4,687), and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA; N=5,447), this exploratory cross-national study examined the relationship between wealth satisfaction and objective wealth and wellbeing (measured as self-rated health and life satisfaction) among older Australians, Americans and Koreans (50+ years). Regression analyses showed that wealth satisfaction was associated with wellbeing over and above monetary wealth in all three countries. The relationship between monetary wealth and self-rated health was larger for the US than Australian and Korean samples, while the additional contribution of wealth satisfaction to life satisfaction was larger for the Korean than the Australian and US samples. These findings are discussed in terms of the cultural and economic differences between these countries, particularly as they affect older persons.
DUALIZABILITY OF GRAPHS
Authors: JOHANSEN SARAH M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe investigate natural dualities for classes of simple graphs. For example, we give a natural duality for the class consisting of all n-colourable graphs and show that, for all n≥3, there is no natural duality for the class consisting of all freely n-colourable graphs. We also prove that there exist arbitrarily long finite chains of 3-colourable graphs that alternate between being dualizable and nondualizable.
Management of erythema and skin preservation; advice for patients
receiving radical radiotherapy to the breast: a systematic literature review
Authors: Butcher K. , Williamson K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective: To systematically review and
critically appraise all evidence on skin care advice and products tailored for
patients receiving radical radiotherapy for breast cancer and to determine an
evidence-based conclusion regarding the most effective products.Data Resources and Review Methods: Major
healthcare databases were searched with additional efforts made to hand-search
current journals. All relevant literature fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion
criteria was subjected to quality assurance checks. Those that passed underwent
a more rigorous appraisal and were included in the review.Results: Ten studies were identified as
fulfilling the review criteria with regards to aims and quality. All were
randomised controlled trials; three were double-blinded, three were
single-blinded, the remaining were not blinded. Two addressed washing regimes,
two addressed deodorant use, whilst the six remaining studies investigated
creams, gels or dressings.Conclusions: The results suggest that there is
a place for creams in the management and delay of radiation-induced skin
toxicities; however, research fails to highlight one product which has a
demonstrable benefit over others whilst still being cost effective and free from
adverse effects. Patients should not be discouraged from washing with water or
mild soaps and results suggest that the restriction of aluminium-free deodorant
during treatment is unnecessary; however, more research in this area is needed
with larger sample sizes.
Multidisciplinary integrated field campaign to an acidic Martian Earth analogue with astrobiological interest: Rio Tinto
Authors: Gómez F. , Walter N. , Amils R. , Rull F. , Klingelhöfer A.K. , Kviderova J. , Sarrazin P. , Foing B. , Behar A. , Fleischer I. , Parro V. , Garcia-Villadangos M. , Blake D. , Martin Ramos J.D. , Direito S. , Mahapatra P. , Stam C. , Venkateswaran K. , Voytek M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRecently reported results from latest Mars Orbiters and Rovers missions are transforming our opinion about the red planet. That dry and inhospitable planet reported in the past is becoming a wetter planet with high probabilities of water existence in the past. Nowadays, some results seem to indicate the presence of water beneath the Mars surface. But also mineralogy studies by NASA Opportunity Rover report iron oxides and hydroxides precipitates on Endurance Crater. Sedimentary deposits have been identified at Meridiani Planum. These deposits must have generated in a dune aqueous acidic and oxidizing environment. Similarities appear when we study Rio Tinto, and acidic river under the control of iron.The discovery of extremophiles on Earth widened the window of possibilities for life to develop in the Universe, and as a consequence on Mars and other planetary bodies with astrobiological interest. The compilation of data produced by the ongoing missions offers an interested view for life possibilities to exist: signs of an early wet Mars and rather recent volcanic activity as well as ground morphological characteristics that seem to be promoted by liquid water. The discovery of important accumulations of sulfates and the existence of iron minerals such as jarosite in rocks of sedimentary origin has allowed specific terrestrial models to come into focus. Río Tinto (Southwestern Spain, Iberian Pyritic Belt) is an extreme acidic environment, product of the chemolithotrophic activity of micro-organisms that thrive in the massive pyrite-rich deposits of the Iberian Pyritic Belt. Some particular protective environments should house the organic molecules and bacterial life forms in harsh environments such as Mars surface supporting microniches inside precipitated minerals or inside rocks. Terrestrial analogues could help us to afford the comprehension of habitability (on other planetary bodies).We are reporting here the multidisciplinary study of some endolithic niches inside salt deposits used by phototrophs for taking advantage of sheltering particular light wavelengths. These acidic salts deposits located in Río Tinto shelter life forms that are difficult to visualize by eye. This interdisciplinary field analogue campaign was conducted in the framework of the CAREX FP7 EC programme.
Hadronic jet models today
Authors: Sikora Marek 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe matter content of relativistic jets in AGNs is dominated by a mixture of protons, electrons, and positrons. During dissipative events these particles tap a significant portion of the internal and/or kinetic energy of the jet and convert it into electromagnetic radiation. While leptons – even those with only mildly relativistic energies – can radiate efficiently, protons need to be accelerated up to energies exceeding 1016–19 eV to dissipate radiatively a significant amount of energy via either trigerring pair cascades or direct synchrotron emission. Here I review various constraints imposed on the role of hadronic non-adiabatic cooling processes in shaping the high energy spectra of blazars. It will be argued that protons, despite being efficiently accelerated and presumably playing a crucial role in jet dynamics and dissipation of the jet kinetic energy to the internal energy of electrons and positrons, are more likely to remain radiatively passive in AGN jets.
Jets at lowest mass accretion rates
Authors: Maitra Dipankar , Cantrell Andrew , Markoff Sera , Falcke Heino , Miller Jon , Bailyn Charles 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present results of recent observations and theoretical modeling of data from black holes accreting at very low luminosities (L/LEdd≲ 10−8). We discuss our newly developed time-dependent model for episodic ejection of relativistic plasma within a jet framework, and a successful application of this model to describe the origin of radio flares seen in Sgr A*, the Galactic center black hole. Both the observed time lags and size-frequency relationships are reproduced well by the model. We also discuss results from new Spitzer data of the stellar black hole X-ray binary systemA0620–00. Complemented by long term SMARTS monitoring, these observations indicate that once the contribution from the accretion disk and the donor star are properly included, the residual mid-IR spectral energy distribution ofA0620–00 is quite flat and consistent with a non-thermal origin. The results above suggest that a significant fraction of the observed spectral energy distribution originating near black holes accreting at low luminosities could result from a mildly relativistic outflow. The fact that these outflows are seen in both stellar-mass black holes as well as in supermassive black holes at the heart of AGNs strengthens our expectation that accretion and jet physics scales with mass.
The influence of collimation on the appearance of relativistic jets
Authors: Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Boutelier Timothe , Henri Gilles 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe question of the collimation of relativistic jets is the subject of a lively debate in the community. We numerically compute the apparent velocity and the Doppler factor of a non homokinetic jet using different velocity profile, to study the effect of collimation on the appearance of relativistic jets (apparent velocity and Doppler factor). We argue that if the motion is relativistic, the high superluminal velocity are possible only if the geometrical collimation is smaller than the relativistic beaming angle γ−1. In the opposite case, the apparent image will be dominated by the part of the jet traveling directly towards the observer resulting in no apparent velocity. Furthermore, getting rid of the homokinetic hypothesis yields a complex relation between the observing angle and the Doppler factor, resulting in important consequences for the numerical computation of AGN population and unification scheme model.
The relation between the radio jet and the near-IR line emission in Seyfert galaxies
Authors: Riffel Rogemar A. , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe used near-IR integral field spectroscopy, obtained with Gemini NIFS and GNIRS integral field units (IFUs), to map the ionized and molecular flux distributions and kinematics in the central few hundreds of parsecs of Seyfert galaxies. We conclude that the molecular gas emission can be considered a tracer of the feeding of the AGN, while the emission of the ionized gas a tracer of its feedback.
The Bardeen-Petterson effect as the precession mechanism for the radio galaxy 3C 84 (NGC 1275)
Authors: Teixeira D. M. , Abraham Z. , Caproni A. , Falceta-Gonçalves D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this work we propose the Bardeen-Petterson effect as the precession mechanism of the jet precession in NGC 1275. To check if this is true we have estimated the angular momentum ratio and the aligment timescale predict by the theory and compared with the numerical results presented in the literature. We were able to explain the precession period assuming an accretion disk with column surface density in the form of a power law with exponent 0.6 < s < 0.7 and a black hole rotation with a spin of 0.23 < a∗<0.4.
EVN monitoring observation of M 87 jet
Authors: Asada Keiichi , Nakamura Masanori , Doi Akihiro , Nagai Hiroshi , Inoue Makoto 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe report results of our European VLBI Network observations towards M 87 jet at 1.6 GHz in order to study the velocity field. We revealed continuous jet up to 500 mas from the core and HST-1 component. We have not detected any proper motion for the components within first 160 mas from the core and significant superluminal motions from 2.5 to 3.5 c for the HST-1 components. Those are in good agreement with previous observations. We derived proper motions for the components about 160 to 500 mas from the core. Interestingly, the measured proper motions are faster than that of the inner components and slower than that of HST-1 components. It may suggest the possible acceleration region for superluminal features of M 87 jet.
Fitting along the Fundamental Plane: New comparisons of jet physics across the black hole mass scale
Authors: Markoff Sera , Nowak Michael A. , Maitra Dipankar , Wilms Jörn , Gallo Elena , Hynes Robert , Plotkin Richard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCorrelations between the radio and X-ray bands in the hard state of black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs) have led to the discovery of the Fundamental Plane of black hole accretion, linking accretion-driven radiative attributes to black hole mass. Although this discovery has led to new constraints on radiative efficiencies, there is still significant degeneracy in terms of understanding the governing physics. I present several new results exploring the processes driving the Fundamental Plane over the black hole mass range. These include the first ever homogeneous fits of sources at approximately the same Eddington luminosity but millions of times different in mass, which I focus on for this proceeding article.