bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Al2O3-supported nanobimetallic Co-La-B catalyst for boosting hydrogen release via sodium borohydride hydrolysis
Authors: Keskin M. Salih , Horoz Sabit , Şahin Ömer , Kutluay Sinan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study introduces the novel Al2O3-supported nanobimetallic Co-La-B (Al2O3@Co-La-B) catalyst, specifically designed to enhance hydrogen production via sodium borohydride hydrolysis, marking its first application in hydrogen generation. Characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, the catalyst exhibits a porous, homogeneous cubic structure which significantly contributes to its high catalytic efficiency. It demonstrated remarkable hydrogen generation rates of up to 6057.72 mLH2 min−1 gcat−1 at 30 °C and maintained 91.63% catalytic activity over multiple cycles, with a notable increase to 8661.94 mLH2 min−1 gcat−1 at 60 °C. Kinetic studies, utilizing nth-order and Langmuir–Hinshelwood models, indicated activation energies of 51.38 kJ mol−1 and 49.33 kJ mol−1, respectively, showcasing the catalyst's potential as a sustainable solution for hydrogen production in various industrial applications.
Survey of potential fungal antagonists of Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) on Coffea arabica in Hawai‘i, USA
Authors: Luiz Blaine C. , Sugiyama Lionel S. , Brill Eva , Keith Lisa M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHemileia vastatrix, causal agent of coffee leaf rust (CLR), is an aggressive pathogen of coffee plants worldwide. Conventional fungicides play a major role in the suppression of this disease, but a recent shift toward eco-friendly farming practices has occurred and additional novel, effective, and sustainable strategies for CLR control are needed. Naturally occurring fungal antagonists could be well-positioned to meet this demand, but these fungi need to be isolated and tested for efficacy to identify organisms with potential. In this study, a survey of fungi associated with CLR lesions in four districts of Hawai‘i Island, HI, USA (Kona, Ka‘ū, Hāmākua, and Hilo) was conducted. Coffee leaves infected with CLR were collected from 22 locations and over 600 lesions were plated on ½ APDA and CTC 4T media. DNA was extracted from purified isolates and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was sequenced and analyzed by BLASTn. In total, 194 isolates comprising 50 taxa were recovered. Several of the genera are known antagonists of CLR or other plant pathogens, including Simplicillium, Akanthomyces, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Clonostachys. The wide diversity of fungi associated with CLR lesions provide a wealth of possibilities for identifying potential CLR antagonists that could serve as a valuable tool for coffee farmers as part of an integrated pest management plan.
U.S. beef producer perspectives on “sustainable beef” and implications for sustainability transitions
Authors: Smith Ada P. , Metcalf Alexander L. , Metcalf Elizabeth Covelli , Yung Laurie , Swinger Brenna , Cummins Tina M. , Chaffin Brian C. , Shuver Austin , Slattery Drew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBeef production systems are at the center of ongoing discussion and debate on food systems sustainability. There is a growing interest among beef producers, consumers, and other beef supply chain stakeholders in achieving greater sustainability within the industry, but the relationship of this interest to general sustainability issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, food security, livelihood risks, and animal welfare concerns is unclear. Specifically, there is very little research documenting how beef producers define and view the concept of sustainability and how to achieve it. Producer perspectives are critical to identifying constraints to sustainability transitions or to help build agreement with other producers about the shared values such transitions may support. Through a secondary analysis of survey data of U.S. beef producers (n = 911) conducted in 2021 by the Trust in Food division of Farm Journal, a corporation that provides content, data, and business insights to the agricultural community (e.g., producers, processors/distributors, and retailers), we investigated what “sustainable beef” means to U.S. beef producers, highlighting the key components and constraints they perceive to achieving desirable sustainability outcomes. Leveraging the three-pillar model of sustainability as a framework for analysis, we identified key themes producers use to define “sustainable beef.” We found that producers collectively viewed sustainability as: (1) multidimensional and interconnected; (2) semi-closed and regenerative; (3) long-lasting; and (4) producer-centered, although an integrated perspective uniting these aspects was rare. We discuss how these perspectives may be the basis for sustainability efforts supported by producers and raise future research considerations toward a shared understanding of what sustainability is and what is needed for enduring sustainability solutions in the U.S. beef industry.
A quantitative study examining the effects of sleep quality on construction workers’ performance in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baghdadi Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPoor sleep and related sleep disorders have been linked to subpar performance in sectors like health and education. Such sleep issues in the workforce negatively affect individual and organisational productivity. Despite this, the high-stress environment of the construction sector has been largely overlooked. This study delves into the role of sleep in construction field management and human resource practices, examining how a better understanding of workers' sleep patterns could enhance job performance. The research involved an online survey of 119 construction workers in the city of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia, focusing on their sleep duration and its impact on job performance, with data analysis conducted using SPSS software. The findings indicate that inadequate sleep influenced by factors such as dietary habits is significantly related to poor performance. The majority of workers are affected by poor sleep quality. The study suggests that construction management should implement health awareness campaigns to improve workers' responsiveness and awareness regarding sleep. It emphasises the need for management to develop strategies to increase sleep awareness and education in the construction industry, aiming to improve overall job performance.
Personality and acceptance as predictors of ChatGPT use
Authors: de Winter Joost , Dodou Dimitra , Eisma Yke Bauke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWithin a year of its launch, ChatGPT has seen a surge in popularity. While many are drawn to its effectiveness and user-friendly interface, ChatGPT also introduces moral concerns, such as the temptation to present generated text as one’s own. This led us to theorize that personality traits such as Machiavellianism and sensation-seeking may be predictive of ChatGPT usage. We launched two online questionnaires with 2000 respondents each, in September 2023 and March 2024, respectively. In Questionnaire 1, 22% of respondents were students, and 54% were full-time employees; 32% indicated they used ChatGPT at least weekly. Analysis of our ChatGPT Acceptance Scale revealed two factors, Effectiveness and Concerns, which correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with ChatGPT use frequency. A specific aspect of Machiavellianism (manipulation tactics) was found to predict ChatGPT usage. Questionnaire 2 was a replication of Questionnaire 1, with 21% students and 54% full-time employees, of which 43% indicated using ChatGPT weekly. In Questionnaire 2, more extensive personality scales were used. We found a moderate correlation between Machiavellianism and ChatGPT usage (r = 0.22) and with an opportunistic attitude towards undisclosed use (r = 0.30), relationships that largely remained intact after controlling for gender, age, education level, and the respondents’ country. We conclude that covert use of ChatGPT is associated with darker personality traits, something that requires further attention.
Particulate matter (pm10) monitoring in the United Arab Emirates using a satellite remote sensing based model
Authors: Al Suwaidi Aisha , Ali Tarig , Atabay Serter , Singer Mohamed , Elaksher Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) is one of the major factors causing air pollution, which is considered a concern for human health. Hence, measuring and monitoring the concentrations of these particles is essential. In this study, the main objective is to develop a remote sensing based PM10 monitoring model for the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using Landsat 8 imagery. Landsat 8 images acquired during the four-year period from 2016 to 2022 were obtained and used along with PM10 data collected at 41 ground monitoring stations corresponding to the acquisition of the satellite data (data from 30 stations used for model development 11 stations were used for model testing). The Landsat 8 data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Core Science Systems in the form of Digital Numbers (DNs). The DNs of the four optical bands of Landsat 8 were then converted to top of the atmosphere reflectance (TOA) through radiometric processing, and then used to estimate the Aerosol Optical Thickness. A spectral PM10 model was then developed through regression analysis, correlating AOT to PM10 values obtained at the ground stations. The model provided an R-squared value of 65% and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 12.55 µg/m3. The results suggest that the developed model is robust in estimating PM10 values and can therefore be used for satellite-based monitoring at any location in the UAE.
Synergizing trade and sustainability: advancing SDG 14 through international trade dynamics
Authors: Zreik Mohamad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the intricate relationship between international trade and the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water), focusing on the potential of trade to contribute positively to marine conservation and sustainable use of ocean resources. By examining the intersection of economic, social, and environmental dimensions, the study delves into how trade policies and practices can be aligned with environmental objectives, particularly concerning marine ecosystems. A principal challenge identified is the tension between economic growth driven by international trade and the sustainability of marine ecosystems, exacerbated by practices such as overfishing and pollution from maritime transport. Another significant challenge is the lack of robust enforcement mechanisms for existing environmental provisions in trade agreements. To address these challenges, the paper recommends the integration of stringent and enforceable environmental clauses in trade agreements, coupled with the promotion of sustainable trade practices through international cooperation and capacity building. Furthermore, the study suggests the adoption of innovative trade mechanisms, such as eco-certification and the implementation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), to enhance the protection of marine life, support sustainable fisheries, and reduce ocean pollution. The paper concludes with specific policy recommendations for leveraging international trade as a tool for the sustainable management of marine resources, ultimately contributing to the broader agenda of sustainable development.
A Micro-perspective Analysis of the Demand for Greek and Non-Greek Yogurt in the United States Over Calendar Years 2018 to 2020
Authors: Capps Oral , Jia Ruixin , Mishra Vikas , Ogieriakhi Macson 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing the Heckman framework, we develop profiles of households who purchase Greek yogurt and non-Greek yogurt and estimate own-price, cross-price, and income elasticities of demand. Attention is centered on the impacts of age, race, education, and ethnicity of the household head, household income, household size, region, the presence of children, and prices of Greek yogurt and non-Greek yogurt. This analysis rests on data acquired from Nielsen pertaining to 164,484 households over calendar years 2018–2020. Own-price elasticities are estimated to be −1.36 for Greek yogurt and −0.70 for non-Greek yogurt. Additionally, these yogurt products are not only substitutes but also necessities.
Likelihood neglect bias and the mental simulations approach: An illustration using the old and new Monty Hall problems
Authors: Wilcox John E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a new violation of a law of probability, likelihood neglect bias. The bias occurs when one is (i) aware that some evidence is more likely given one hypothesis rather than another but (ii) that evidence does not cause them to raise their probability for the former hypothesis relative to the latter. The Monty Hall problem illustrates this bias, although the bias is potentially present in other contexts as well. Unlike previous studies, the present study shows that incorrect responses to the problem are attributable to failure to realize the implications of likelihoods (i.e., likelihood neglect) instead of unawareness of what the likelihoods are. Likelihood neglect is also distinguished from other biases which it is occasionally confused with, and a theoretical explanation of likelihood neglect is proposed. Experimental results further indicate that a new approach—the mental simulations approach—showed a large effect in reducing likelihood neglect and increasing correct probabilities when encountering the Monty Hall problem. The approach also increased correct probabilities for a new modification called the ‘new Monty Hall problem’, unlike two prominent alternative approaches to the original Monty Hall problem. The new Monty Hall problem also illustrates that humans can fail to recognize objectively strong evidence for a hypothesis if they neglect likelihoods.
WHY LIBERAL COSMOPOLITANS SHOULD WORRY ABOUT SUPPLY CHAINS
Authors: Cowen Tyler 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe complexity of supply chains means that it is difficult to tell where national security arguments begin and end. That may weaken some of the traditional arguments for free trade for the same reasons that we accept the difficulty of rational economic calculation in a socialist society. National security arguments for protectionism may not remain restricted to very small and manageable segments of the economy. Liberals and cosmopolitans will need to pay greater heed to these problems. This essay also considers why complex supply chains may create problems for a carbon tax and for the notion of corporate social responsibility.
Could self-reported physical performance help predict individuals at the highest risk of mortality and hospital admission events in clinical practice? Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
Authors: Rambukwella Roshan , Westbury Leo D. , Pearse Camille , Ward Kate A. , Cooper Cyrus , Dennison Elaine M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To consider how self-reported physical function measures relate to adverse clinical outcomes measured over 20 years of follow-up in a community-dwelling cohort (aged 59–73 at baseline) as compared with hand grip strength, a well-validated predictor of adverse events.

Background:
Recent evidence has emphasized the significant association of physical activity, physical performance, and muscle strength with hospital admissions in older people. However, physical performance tests require staff availability, training, specialized equipment, and space to perform them, often not feasible or realistic in the context of a busy clinical setting.

Methods:
In total, 2997 men and women were analyzed. Baseline predictors were measured grip strength (Jamar dynamometer) and the following self-reported measures: physical activity (Dallosso questionnaire); physical function score (SF-36 Health Survey); and walking speed. Participants were followed up from baseline (1998–2004) until December 2018 using UK Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality data, which report clinical outcomes using ICD-10 coding. Predictors in relation to the risk of mortality and hospital admission events were examined using Cox regression with and without adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.

Findings:
The mean age at baseline was 65.7 and 66.6 years among men and women, respectively. Over follow-up, 36% of men and 26% of women died, while 93% of men and 92% of women were admitted to hospital at least once. Physical activity, grip strength, SF-36 physical function, and walking speed were all strongly associated with adverse health outcomes in both sex- and fully adjusted analyses; poorer values for each of the predictors were related to greater risk of mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular-related) and any, neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, any fracture, and falls admissions. SF-36 physical function and grip strength were similarly associated with the adverse health outcomes considered.
Origin of Philippine Sea Basins During Subduction Initiation in the Western Pacific
Authors: Ishizuka Osamu , Tani Kenichiro , Taylor Rex N. , Umino Susumu , Sakamoto Izumi , Yokoyama Yuka , Ogitsu Itaru , Shimoda Gen , Harigane Yumiko , Sato Taichi , Ohara Yasuhiko , Conway Christopher , Perez Americus , Fujii Masakazu , Kusano Yuki , Yagi Masatoshi , Tamura Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the age and dynamics of the overriding plates allows an assessment of competing subduction initiation hypotheses. The Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana margin in the Western Pacific is a key example of initiation and hence it is important to constrain the age and origin of the oldest igneous crust of the supra‐subduction Philippine Sea Plate. We present geochronological and geochemical data of igneous rocks from the oldest ocean basins of the Philippine Sea Plate: the West Philippine and Palau Basins. Basalts from these basins have enriched geochemical characteristics similar to the EM‐2‐like mantle component found in OIB‐like basalts associated with the Oki‐Daito mantle plume. Ages of basalts from the northernmost West Philippine Basin (WPB) and the Palau Basin range from 43.5 to 50.5 Ma, which is similar to the oldest samples associated with the Oki‐Daito mantle plume (48–50 Ma). This implies that the plume contributed to magmatism from the onset of basin formation. It also provides support for the proposition that rifting of the Mesozoic arc terrane and subsequent seafloor spreading of the WPB was triggered by the arrival of the Oki‐Daito mantle plume at the base of the lithosphere. The age of these Philippine Sea Basins implies that only the Mesozoic Daito Ridge Group and the Gagua Ridge existed as Philippine Sea Plate crust before subduction initiation. A major fault activity after 37 Ma in the northernmost WPB demonstrates that careful reconstruction of the Eocene Philippine Sea Plate is critical to understanding plate dynamics during subduction initiation in the Western Pacific.
Persistent ENSO Forcing on Holocene Flooding in the Middle‐Lower Yangtze River at Millennial Timescales
Authors: Peng Fei , Nie Junsheng , Toonen Willem , Li Huichun , Hu Zhenbo , Pan Baotian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most dominant interannual signal of climate variability and profoundly affects river flooding globally, especially in East Asia. However, ENSO also has ∼2,000 and ∼1,000‐year cycles, but due to the lack of flood records with sufficient length, little is known about the ENSO's impact on floods at these millennial timescales. Here we test this in the middle‐lower Yangtze River by reconstructing the first Holocene flood record with optically stimulated luminescence and 14C ages of flood deposits. We find the periods with high flooding probability generally correspond with intervals of weakened solar activity. Importantly, the flood record displays 2,000 and 1,000‐year cycles similar to the ENSO record, and band‐pass filter results show the two records are synchronous at these bands. Our results reveal a persistent control of ENSO on millennial‐scale hydroclimatic variability in the Yangtze basin and likely other basins.
The Observed Impact of the Lower Stratospheric Thermodynamic Environment on Overshooting Top Characteristics During the RELAMPAGO‐CACTI Field Campaign
Authors: Berman Melinda T. , Trapp Robert J. , Nesbitt Stephen W. , Di Girolamo Larry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOvershooting tops (OTs) are manifestations of deep convective updrafts that extend above the tropopause into the stratosphere. They can induce dynamic perturbations and result in irreversible transport of aerosols, water vapor and other mass from the troposphere into the stratosphere, thereby impacting the chemical composition and radiative processes of the stratosphere. These and other effects of OTs depend on their characteristics such as depth and area, which are understood to connect to mid‐tropospheric updraft speed and width, respectively. Less understood is how static stability in the lower stratosphere (LS) potentially modulates these OT–updraft connections, thus motivating the current study. Here, LS static stability and observed OT characteristics are quantified and compared using a combination of reanalysis data, observed rawinsonde data and geostationary satellite data. A weak to moderate relationship between OT depth and LS lapse rate and Brunt‐Väisälä frequency (N2) (R = 0.38, −0.37, respectively) is found, implying that OT depth is reduced with an increasingly stable LS. In contrast, a weak relationship (R = −0.03, 0.03, respectively) is found between OT area and LS static stability, implying that OT area is controlled primarily by mid to upper tropospheric updraft area. OT duration has a weak relationship to LS lapse rate and N2 (R = 0.02, −0.02, respectively). These relationships may be useful in interpreting mid‐ and low‐level storm dynamics from satellite‐observed characteristics of OTs in near real‐time.
Joint Impact of the AO and ENSO on Vegetation NPP Over Indo‐Myanmar in Boreal Winter
Authors: Lan Yunfei , Gong Daoyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the authors quantitatively investigated the joint impact of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) over Indo‐Myanmar in boreal winter from 1981 to 2018, and found that there is a significant in‐phase variation between them. When the warm ENSO co‐occurs with the positive AO, the NPP in more than 80% of the grids in the study region significantly increases by approximately 24 gC m−2. For the cold ENSO plus the negative AO, the regionally averaged NPP anomalies are approximately −10 gC m−2, and the local minimum is as low as −60 gC m−2. The combination of AO and ENSO can explain approximately 36% of the total variance of NPP in Indo‐Myanmar. The AO/ENSO linkages to the NPP are very likely due to regional precipitation anomalies through atmospheric circulation. In association with the positive (negative) AO, the Rossby wave, propagating eastward along the subtropical jet stream, brings an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) over Indo‐Myanmar. This enhances (weakens) Indo‐Myanmar Trough, and resulting in more (less) regional precipitation. During the warm (cold) ENSO, through the Gill‐type response, an anomalous high (low)‐pressure appears in the lower and middle troposphere over Philippine‐South China Sea. The Walker circulation is also weaker (stronger) than normal. These are conducive to anomalous southerly (northerly) winds in Indochina. As a result, in the warm ENSO plus positive AO winters, the mean precipitation anomaly in Indo‐Myanmar increased by 27% as averaged for five data sets. In contrast, when the cold ENSO co‐occurs with negative AO, the precipitation is significantly reduced where the largest anomaly exceeds 100 mm in the ERA5. The precipitation changes are consistent with the local NPP anomalies, whereas the temperature does not seem to be a dominant limiting factor.