bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of the related weevil species Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais in Brazil
Authors: Corrêa Alberto S. , Orlando de Oliveira Luiz , Braga Lucas S. , Guedes Raul Narciso C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe genus Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) encompasses species of great economic importance as stored grain pests worldwide. Among these species, the maize and the rice weevils (Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae, respectively) are particularly important in warmer climates. These two weevils exhibit closely morphological and ecological resemblance making difficult their proper identification and recognition of their distribution in grain‐producing regions. Both species are recorded in South America and particularly in Brazil, but their respective distribution and prevalence were not yet assessed in the region. Therefore, several insect samples throughout Brazil were collected and subjected to morphological identification using male genitalia and also using molecular identification with species‐specific primers designed for clear recognition of both the species. The primers were designed for the specific amplification of a gene fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I, which exhibited high specificity during our preliminary experiments with insects from six populations of known species (either S. zeamais or S. oryzae). Both identification strategies provided the same results indicating prevalence of the maize weevil S. zeamais throughout the country. Two hypotheses may explain such prevalence: (i) the likely host preference of S. zeamais for maize because this is the most cultivated cereal in Brazil, and (ii) the prevalence of S. zeamais in tropical regions as compared with S. oryzae, which is more disseminated in subtropical and temperate regions.
Canine idiopathic epilepsy: prevalence, risk factors and outcome associated with cluster seizures and status epilepticus
Authors: Monteiro R. , Adams V. , Keys D. , Platt S. R. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of cluster seizures and status epilepticus in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and determine risk factors for cluster seizure frequency, severity and patient outcome.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of 407 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy was made. Follow‐up questionnaires were evaluated in cases with cluster seizures.ResultsMean age at diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy was 4 years. Cluster seizures were documented in 169 (41%) dogs. German shepherds and boxers were significantly (P=0·04 and 0·01, respectively) more likely to suffer from cluster seizures compared to Labrador retrievers. There was no association between the occurrence of status epilepticus and cluster seizures and frequency and severity of cluster seizures and status epilepticus episodes with age or breed. Intact males were twice as likely (P=0·003) than neutered dogs to suffer from cluster seizures. Intact females had significantly (P=0·007) more frequent cluster seizures than neutered dogs. The median survival time for all dogs with cluster seizures was 95 months. Significantly (P=0·03) more dogs with frequent cluster seizures were euthanased because of the cluster seizures.Clinical SignificanceThere was a high prevalence of cluster seizures in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Neutering status appears to influence cluster seizure occurrence with intact females more likely to experience more frequent episodes. Euthanasia is associated with frequency of cluster seizure episodes.
Effects of malnutrition on oxidative burst functions and infection episodes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Cakir F. B. , Aydogan G. , Timur C. , Canpolat C. , Tulunay A. , Eksioglu Demiralp E. , Berrak S. G. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of malnutrition on oxidative burst functions (OBF) of neutrophils in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Materials and MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with ALL and thirty healthy controls were enrolled to the study. Thirteen patients with ALL were found to have malnutrition. While neutrophil OBF of ALL patients without malnutrition were studied both before induction chemotherapy and 3 months after, the same functions in ALL patients with malnutrition were studied both before induction chemotherapy and when the nutritional status improved. Control group were studied at admission and 3 months later.ResultsThe OBF of ALL patients with and without malnutrition before induction chemotherapy were found to be significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.009), whereas the OBF were found to be similar in both patient groups with ALL (P = 0.27). The median infection episode rate and the duration of antibiotics therapy during the study period were similar in both patient groups with ALL. The repeated OBF of both patient groups with ALL were shown to increase to similar values with the control group in the third month of chemotherapy (P = 0.002). The median infection episode rate during the first month of chemotherapy was shown to decrease significantly during the third month of chemotherapy in both patient with ALL groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsWe have not been able to demonstrate an overt effect of malnutrition on OBF. However, our results still need to be verified via further larger scaled studies of OBF in leukemic children with and without malnutrition.
Two heads are better than one? How to effectively use two interviewers to elicit cues to deception
Authors: Mann Samantha , Vrij Aldert , Shaw Dominic J. , Leal Sharon , Ewens Sarah , Hillman Jackie , Granhag Par Anders , Fisher Ronald P. 
Published: July 2012

Background. We examined the effect of a second interviewer's demeanour on cues to deception. We predicted that a supportive demeanour would be the most beneficial for eliciting verbal cues to deceit, as it would encourage truth tellers, but not liars, to say more. In addition, we examined the extent to which interviewees deliberately made eye contact with the interviewers. Liars take their credibility less for granted than truth tellers, and therefore have a greater drive to be convincing. Liars are thus more likely to monitor the interviewer to determine if the interviewer appears to believe them.Method. Participants appeared before two interviewers: the first asked all the questions and the second remained silent. The second interviewer exhibited either a supportive, neutral, or a suspicious demeanour.Results. Truth tellers provided significantly more detail than liars, but only in the supportive second interviewer condition. The effect of a second interviewer's demeanour on detail was perhaps remarkable given that the interviewees hardly looked at the second interviewer (less than 10% of the time). Liars displayed more deliberate eye contact (with the first interviewer) than truth tellers did.Conclusions. A supportive second interviewer has a positive effect on interviewing. We discuss this finding in the wider contexts of investigative interviewing and interviewing to detect deception.
Protective Immunity Conferred by the C-Terminal Fragment of Recombinant Pasteurella multocida Toxin
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Kang Hae-Eun , Woo Hee-Jong 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPasteurella multocidaserogroup D, producingP. multocidatoxin (PMT), is a causative pathogen of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) in swine. To evaluate the protective immunity and vaccination efficacy of the truncated form of PMT, a C-terminal form of recombinant PMT (designated PMT2.3; amino acid residues 505 to 1285 of PMT) was expressed in anEscherichia coliexpression system, and the humoral and cellular immune responses to PMT2.3 were investigated. PMT2.3 vaccination in mice led to high levels of the anti-PMT antibody with a high neutralizing antibody titer. PMT2.3 also induced a cellular immune response to PMT, as demonstrated by the lymphocyte proliferation assay. Furthermore, strong protection against a homologous challenge withP. multocidawas also observed in mice vaccinated with PMT2.3. In PMT2.3 vaccination in swine, high levels of serum antibody titers were observed in offspring from sows vaccinated with PMT2.3. Offspring from sows vaccinated with PMT2.3 or toxoid showed a good growth performance as depicted by mean body weight at the time of sacrifice, as well as in average daily gain in the postweaning period. Low levels of pathological lesions in turbinate atrophy and pneumonia were also observed in these offspring. Therefore, we consider PMT2.3—in the truncated and nontoxic recombinant PMT form—to be an attractive candidate for a subunit vaccine against PAR induced byP. multocidainfection.
Characterization of a Therapeutic Model of Inhalational Anthrax Using an Increase in Body Temperature in New Zealand White Rabbits as a Trigger for Treatment
Authors: Comer Jason E. , Ray Bryan D. , Henning Lisa N. , Stark Gregory V. , Barnewall Roy E. , Mott Jason M. , Meister Gabriel T. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

The development of an appropriate animal therapeutic model is essential to assess the potential efficacy of therapeutics for use in the event of a
Bacillus anthracis
exposure. We conducted a natural history study that showed New Zealand White rabbits exhibited a significant increase in body temperature (SIBT), changes in hematologic parameters, and increases in C-reactive protein and succumbed to disease with an average time to death of approximately 73 h following aerosol challenge with
B. anthracis
Ames spores. The SIBT was used as a trigger to treat with a fully human monoclonal antibody directed at protective antigen (PA). Ninety percent (9/10) of the treated rabbits survived the lethal inhalational challenge of
B. anthracis
. Further characterization investigated the protective window of opportunity for anti-PA antibody administration up to 12 h post-onset of SIBT. Eighty-three percent (5/6) of the rabbits treated at SIBT and 100% (6/6) of those treated at 6 h after SIBT survived challenge. Only 67% (4/6) of the rabbits treated at 12 h after SIBT survived. The increase in body temperature corresponded with both bacteremia and antigenemia (PA in the blood), indicating that SIBT is a suitable trigger to initiate treatment in a therapeutic model of inhalational anthrax.
A DNA-Based Candidate HIV Vaccine Delivered viaIn VivoElectroporation Induces CD4 Responses toward the α4β7-Binding V2 Loop of HIV gp120 in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Kopycinski Jakub , Cheeseman Hannah , Ashraf Ambreen , Gill Dilbinder , Hayes Peter , Hannaman Drew , Gilmour Jill , Cox Josephine H. , Vasan Sandhya 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTAdministration of a clade C/B′ candidate HIV-1 DNA vaccine, ADVAX, byin vivoelectroporation (EP) was safe and more immunogenic than intramuscular administration without EP. The breadth and specificity of T-cell responses to full-length Env were mapped. Responses to multiple Env regions were induced, with most focusing on V3/C4 and V2 regions, including the α4β7 integrin-binding domain. The breadth of responses induced by this DNA vaccine regimen was comparable to that of viral-vectored vaccine regimens.
Puberty is associated with increased deterioration of renal function in patients with CKD: data from the ItalKid Project
Authors: Ardissino Gianluigi , Testa Sara , Daccò Valeria , Paglialonga Fabio , Viganò Sara , Felice-Civitillo Cristina , Battaglino Francesco , Bettinelli Alberto , Bordugo Andrea , Cecchetti Valeria , De Pascale Salvatore , La Manna Angela , Li Volti Salvatore , Maringhini Silvio , Montini Giovanni , Pennesi Marco , Peratoner Leopoldo 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo analyse the timing of end stage renal disease in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingA nationwide registry (ItalKid Project) collecting information on all patients with CKD aged <20 years.Patients935 children with CKD secondary to renal hypodysplasia with or without urologic malformation. In a subgroup of patients (n=40) detailed pubertal staging was analysed in relation to CKD progression.Main outcome measuresKidney survival (KS) was estimated using renal replacement therapy (RRT) as the end-point. Puberty was staged by identifying the pubertal growth spurt.ResultsA non-linear decline in the probability of KS was observed, with a steep decrease during puberty: the probability of RRT was estimated to be 9.4% and 51.8% during the first and second decades of life, respectively. A break-point in the KS curve was identified at 11.6 and 10.9 years of age in male and female patients, respectively.ConclusionsThe present analysis suggests that puberty is associated with increased deterioration of renal function in CKD. The mechanism(s) underlying this unique and specific (to children) pattern of progression have not yet been identified, but it may be that sex hormones play a role in this puberty-related progression of CKD.
How reliable and safe is full-body low-dose radiography (LODOX Statscan) in detecting foreign bodies ingested by adults?
Authors: Mantokoudis Georgios , Hegner Simone , Dubach Patrick , Bonel Harald Marcel , Senn Pascal , Caversaccio Marco Domenico , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveForeign body ingestion is common and potentially lethal. This study evaluates the use of low-dose Statscans (LODOX) in emergency departments.DesignThis comparative cross-sectional study retrospectively assessed 28 289 digital chest x-rays and 2301 LODOX scans performed between 2006 and 2010 at a tertiary emergency centre. The radiographic appearance, image quality and location of ingested foreign bodies were evaluated in standard digital chest and LODOX radiography. The mean irradiation (μSv) and cumulative mean radiation dose per patient with the ingested foreign body were calculated according to literature-based data, together with the sensitivity and specificity for each modality.ResultsA total of 62 foreign bodies were detected in 39 patients, of whom 19 were investigated with LODOX and 20 with conventional digital chest radiography. Thirty-three foreign bodies were located in the two upper abdominal quadrants, 21 in the lower quadrants—which are not visible on conventional digital chest radiography—seven in the oesophagus and one in the bronchial system. The sensitivity and specificity of digital chest radiography were 44.4% and 94.1%, respectively, and for the LODOX Statscan 90% and 100%, respectively. The calculated mean radiation dose for LODOX investigations was 184 μS, compared with 524 μS for digital chest radiography.ConclusionsLODOX Statscan is superior to digital chest radiography in the diagnostic work-up of ingested foreign bodies because it makes it possible to enlarge the field of view to the entire body, has higher sensitivity and specificity, and reduces the radiation dose by 65%.
Transport with ongoing resuscitation: a comparison between manual and mechanical compression
Authors: Gässler Holger , Ventzke Marc-Michael , Lampl Lorenz , Helm Matthias 
Published: July 2012

AimIn special circumstances it may be necessary to transport out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with ongoing resuscitation to the hospital. External mechanical chest compression devices could be an alternative for these resuscitations. The study compares manual chest compression with external mechanical devices and a semiautomatic device in transport conditions using a resuscitation manikin.MethodsManual chest compressions were compared with LUCAS 2, AutoPulse and animax mono devices using the Ambu Man Wireless MegaCode manikin (10 series each). The measurements were performed in a standard ambulance vehicle during transport on a predefined track of 5.0 km.ResultsMean compression frequencies in the manual group (117±18 min−1) and in the animax mono group (115±10 min−1) were significantly higher than in the LUCAS 2 group (100 min−1, p=0.02) and the AutoPulse group (80 min−1, p<0.01). Both mechanical devices worked absolutely constantly. Only the animax mono group reached with 51.2 mm the recommended compression depth. The quality of manual compressions decreased considerably during braking or change manoeuvres while the mechanical devices continued to work constantly.ConclusionsDuring a patient transport with ongoing resuscitation, external mechanical compression devices may be a good alternative to manual compression because they increase the safety of the rescuer and patient. Yet, in this study only animax mono reached the guideline specifications regarding chest compressions' frequency and depth. Concerning constancy, the mechanical devices work reliably and more independently from motion influences. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these devices in patient transport.
Induction of a shorter compression phase is correlated with a deeper chest compression during metronome-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a manikin study
Authors: Chung Tae Nyoung , Bae Jinkun , Kim Eui Chung , Cho Yun Kyung , You Je Sung , Choi Sung Wook , Kim Ok Jun 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesRecent studies have shown that there may be an interaction between duty cycle and other factors related to the quality of chest compression. Duty cycle represents the fraction of compression phase. We aimed to investigate the effect of shorter compression phase on average chest compression depth during metronome-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation.MethodsSenior medical students performed 12 sets of chest compressions following the guiding sounds, with three down-stroke patterns (normal, fast and very fast) and four rates (80, 100, 120 and 140 compressions/min) in random sequence. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the average chest compression depth and duty cycle among the trials.ResultsThe average chest compression depth increased and the duty cycle decreased in a linear fashion as the down-stroke pattern shifted from normal to very fast (p<0.001 for both). Linear increase of average chest compression depth following the increase of the rate of chest compression was observed only with normal down-stroke pattern (p=0.004).ConclusionsInduction of a shorter compression phase is correlated with a deeper chest compression during metronome-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Machine learning and algorithms; agile development
Authors: Langford John , Ortega Ruben 
Published: July 2012

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Communications
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Communications
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John Langford poses questions about the direction of research for machine learning and algorithms. Ruben Ortega shares lessons about agile development practices like Scrum.
The Pivotal Role of Integrin β1 in Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Müller Susan , Amin A.R.M. Ruhul , Huang Donghai , Su Ling , Hu Zhongliang , Rahman Mohammad Aminur , Nannapaneni Sreenivas , Koenig Lydia , Chen Zhengjia , Tighiouart Mourad , Shin Dong M. , Chen Zhuo G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to understand the prognostic value of integrin β1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the mechanism underlying its association with metastatic HNSCC.Experimental Design: Archival HNSCC tissues including 99 nonmetastatic primary tumors and 101 metastatic primary tumors were examined for the association of integrin β1 expression with metastasis and disease prognosis by appropriate statistical methods. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to separate the integrin β1high/+ cell population from the integrin β1low/− population in HNSCC cell lines. These two populations and integrin β1 shRNA knockdown HNSCC cells were examined for the effect of integrin β1 on invasion in vitro and on lymph node and lung metastases in a xenograft mouse model. Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were examined by zymography.Results: Statistical analysis showed that integrin β1 expression was significantly higher in the metastatic primary tumors than in the nonmetastatic tumors (42.6% vs. 24.8%, P &lt; 0.0001 and P &lt; 0.0001 by univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). In patients with lymph node metastasis, integrin β1 expression was inversely correlated with overall survival (P = 0.035). The integrin β1 knockdown or integrin β1low/− HNSCC cells showed a significant reduction in lymph node and lung metastases in vivo (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively). Significantly reduced Matrigel invasion capability was also found in integrin β1 knockdown or integrin β1low/− HNSCC cells (P &lt; 0.01). Finally, zymography results showed integrin β1-affected HNSCC invasion by regulating MMP-2 activation.Conclusion: These findings indicate that integrin β1 has a major impact on HNSCC prognosis through its regulation of metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 18(17); 4589–99. ©2012 AACR.
Apricoxib, a Novel Inhibitor of COX-2, Markedly Improves Standard Therapy Response in Molecularly Defined Models of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kirane Amanda , Toombs Jason E. , Ostapoff Katherine , Carbon Juliet G. , Zaknoen Sara , Braunfeld Jordan , Schwarz Roderich E. , Burrows Francis J. , Brekken Rolf A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Purpose: COX-2 is expressed highly in pancreatic cancer and implicated in tumor progression. COX-2 inhibition can reduce tumor growth and augment therapy. The precise function of COX-2 in tumors remains poorly understood, but it is implicated in tumor angiogenesis, evasion of apoptosis, and induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Current therapeutic regimens for pancreatic cancer are minimally effective, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. Here, we report that apricoxib, a novel COX-2 inhibitor in phase II clinical trials, significantly enhances the efficacy of gemcitabine/erlotinib in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer.
Experimental Design: Human pancreatic cell lines were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for response to apricoxib ± standard-of-care therapy (gemcitabine + erlotinib). Tumor tissue underwent posttreatment analysis for cell proliferation, viability, and EMT phenotype. Vascular parameters were also determined.
Results: COX-2 inhibition reduced the IC50 of gemcitabine ± erlotinib in six pancreatic cancer cell lines tested in vitro. Furthermore, apricoxib increased the antitumor efficacy of standard combination therapy in several orthotopic xenograft models. In vivo apricoxib combination therapy was only effective at reducing tumor growth and metastasis in tumors with elevated COX-2 activity. In each model examined, treatment with apricoxib resulted in vascular normalization without a decrease in microvessel density and promotion of an epithelial phenotype by tumor cells regardless of basal COX-2 expression.
Conclusions: Apricoxib robustly reverses EMT and augments standard therapy without reducing microvessel density and warrants further clinical evaluation in patients with pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(18); 5031–42. ©2012 AACR.