bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Factors and Risks of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Bodelon Clara , Anderson Garnet L. , Rossing Mary Anne , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Vaughan Thomas L. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The incidences of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are higher in males than in females. We investigated whether female-related hormonal factors are associated with risks of these two types of esophageal cancer. We examined the association between use of hormone therapy (HT) and the risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma and SCC in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials and observational studies. Twenty-three esophageal adenocarcinoma and 34 esophageal SCC cases were confirmed among the 161,080 participants, after a median of 11.82 years of follow-up. Risk of esophageal SCC was lower among HT users (past users: HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06–1.10 in 2 cases; current users: HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.94 in 9 cases). A decreased esophageal SCC risk was observed for current users of estrogen plus progestin (E+P) therapy (HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07–0.86 in 3 cases) but not for current users of estrogen-only therapy (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.28–3.29 in 6 cases). No association was observed between the use of HT and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. No other reproductive or hormonal factors were significantly associated with the risk of either SCC or adenocarcinoma. Current use of E+P therapy was found to be associated with a decreased risk of esophageal SCC, but no association was observed with esophageal adenocarcinoma. To provide more definitive evidence, a pooled analysis of all available studies or a much larger study would be needed. Cancer Prev Res; 4(6); 840–50. ©2011 AACR.
CERTIFY: Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe renal insufficiency
Authors: Schellong Sebastian , Haas Sylvia , Tebbe Ulrich , Gerlach Horst-Eberhard , Abletshauser Claudia , Sieder Christian , Melzer Nima , Bramlage Peter , Riess Hanno , Bauersachs Rupert 
Published: April 2011

SummaryPatients with severe renal insufficiency (sRI) have been suggested to be at an increased risk of bleeding with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH). We aimed at assessing the benefits and risks of certoparin in comparison to unfractionated heparin (UFH) in these patients. In this subgroup analysis of the CERTIFY trial, acutely ill, non-surgical patients ≥70 years received certoparin 3,000U aXa o.d. or UFH 5,000 IU t.i.d. One hundred eighty-nine patients had a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≤30 ml/min/1.73 m2, 3,050 patients served as controls. Patients with sRI had a mean age of 85.9 ± 6.6 years (controls 78.4 ± 6.0) and were treated for a mean of 9.3 ± 3.7 days (9.9 ± 4.3). Thromboembolic event rates were comparable (4.55 vs. 4.21%; OR1.08; 95%CI 0.5–2.37) but bleeding was increased in sRI (9.52 vs. 3.54%; OR2.87; 95%CI 1.70–4.83). The incidence of the combined end-point of proximal DVT, symptomatic non-fatal PE and VTE related death was 6.49% with certoparin and 2.60% with UFH (OR2.60; 95%CI 0.49–13.85). There was a decrease in total bleeding with certoparin (OR0.33; 95%CI 0.11–0.97), which was non-significant in patients with GFR >30 ml/min/1.73 m2. In two multivariable regression models certoparin and immobilisation <10 days were associated with less bleeding while a GFR ≤30 ml/ min/1.73 m2 was associated with increased bleeding. A total of 11.3% of certoparin- and 18.5% of UFH-treated patients experienced serious adverse events (14.8 in patients with a GFR ≤30 vs. 5.6% vs. >30 ml/ min/1.73 m2). In conclusion, certoparin 3,000U anti Xa o.d. was as efficacious as 5,000 IU UFH t.i.d. in patients with sRI but had a reduced risk of bleeding.
Peri-operative platelet function testing: The potential for reducing ischaemic and bleeding risks
Authors: Gurbel Paul A. , Mahla Elisabeth , Tantry Udaya S. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe pivotal role of platelet activation and reactivity during atherothrombotic event occurrence associated with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is well established. Numerous translational research studies have established a threshold level of platelet reactivity during dual antiplatelet therapy above which a higher risk for ischaemic event occurrence has been observed. The clinical validity of these threshold values in reducing ischemic event occurrence with modified P2Y12 receptor therapy is currently under investigation in large-scale clinical trials. The association between on-treatment platelet reactivity measured by an ex vivo assay and the occurrence of bleeding events is less established. Currently, there is limited evidence of an association between platelet inhibition and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)- related bleeding in patients on clopidogrel therapy indicating that preoperative platelet function monitoring may guide both the timing of elective CABG and the administration of blood products in patients needing surgery. However, in the absence of a large-scale prospective clinical trial, routine platelet function monitoring and modification of timing of surgery based on platelet function monitoring are currently not recommended.
Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Black and White Adults
Authors: Lewis Tené T. , Guo Hongfei , Lunos Scott , Mendes de Leon Carlos F. , Skarupski Kimberly A. , Evans Denis A. , Everson-Rose Susan A. 
Published: April 2011

Background—
An emerging body of research suggests that depressive symptoms may confer an “accelerated risk” for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in blacks compared with whites. Research in this area has been limited to cardiovascular risk factors and early markers; less is known about black-white differences in associations with important clinical end points.

Methods and Results—

The authors examined the association between depressive symptoms and overall CVD mortality, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and stroke mortality in a sample of 6158 (62% black; 61% female) community-dwelling older adults. Cox proportional hazards models were used to model time-to-CVD, IHD, and stroke death over a 9- to 12-year follow-up. In race-stratified models adjusted for age and sex, elevated depressive symptoms were associated with CVD mortality in blacks (hazard ratio [HR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61 to 2.36;
P
<0.001) but were not significantly associated with CVD mortality in whites (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.68;
P
=0.11; race by depressive symptoms interaction,
P
=0.03). Similar findings were observed for IHD mortality (black: HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.49 to 2.64;
P
<0.001; white: HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.89;
P
=0.23) and stroke mortality (black: HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.32 to 3.27;
P
=0.002; white: HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.69 to 2.52;
P
=0.40). Findings for total CVD mortality and IHD mortality were attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for standard risk factors. Findings for stroke were reduced to marginal significance.

Conclusions—
Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with multiple indicators of CVD mortality in older blacks but not in whites. Findings were not completely explained by standard risk factors. Efforts aimed at reducing depressive symptoms in blacks may ultimately prove beneficial for their cardiovascular health.
Center Variation in Hospital Costs for Patients Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Pasquali Sara K. , Sun Jie-Lena , d'Almada Phil , Jaquiss Robert D.B. , Lodge Andrew J. , Miller Neal , Kemper Alex R. , Lannon Carole M. , Li Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2011

Background—
Congenital heart disease consumes significant health care resources; however, there are limited data regarding factors affecting resource utilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate variation between centers in total hospital costs for 4 congenital heart operations of varying complexity and associated factors.

Methods and Results—

The Premier Database was used to evaluate total cost in children undergoing isolated atrial septal defect (ASD) repair, ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair, tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair, or arterial switch operation (ASO) from 2001 to 2007. Mixed models were used to evaluate the impact of center on total hospital costs adjusting for patient and center characteristics and length of stay. A total of 2124 patients were included: 719 ASD (19 centers), 792 VSD (20 centers), 420 TOF (17 centers), and 193 ASO (13 centers). Total cost increased with complexity of operation from median $12 761 (ASD repair) to $55 430 (ASO). In multivariable analysis, models that accounted for center effects versus those that did not performed significantly better for all 4 surgeries (all
P
≤0.01). The proportion of total cost variation explained by center was 19% (ASD repair), 11% (VSD repair), 6% (TOF repair), and 3% (ASO). Higher-volume centers had significantly lower hospital costs for ASD and VSD repair but not for TOF repair and ASO.

Conclusions—
Total hospital costs varied significantly by center for all congenital heart surgeries evaluated, even after adjustment for patient and center characteristics and length of stay. Differences among centers were most prominent for lower complexity procedures.
Where’s the Emotion? How Sport Psychology Can Inform Research on Emotion in Human Factors
Authors: Eccles David W. , Ward Paul , Woodman Tim , Janelle Christopher M. , Le Scanff Christine , Ehrlinger Joyce , Castanier Carole , Coombes Stephen A. 
Published: April 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate how research on emotion in sport psychology might inform the field of human factors. Background: Human factors historically has paid little attention to the role of emotion within the research on human-system relations. The theories, methods, and practices related to research on emotion within sport psychology might be informative for human factors because fundamentally, sport psychology and human factors are applied fields concerned with enhancing performance in complex, real-world domains. Method: Reviews of three areas of theory and research on emotion in sport psychology are presented, and the relevancy of each area for human factors is proposed: (a) emotional preparation and regulation for performance, (b) an emotional trait explanation for risk taking in sport, and (c) the link between emotion and motor behavior. Finally, there are suggestions for how to continue cross-talk between human factors and sport psychology about research on emotion and related topics in the future. Results: The relevance of theory and research on emotion in sport psychology for human factors is demonstrated. Conclusion: The human factors field and, in particular, research on human-system relations may benefit from a consideration of theory and research on emotion in sport psychology. Application: Theories, methods, and practices from sport psychology might be applied usefully to human factors.
Modified Hemi‐Lothrop Procedure for Supraorbital Frontal Sinus Access
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Friedel Mark E. , Murray Kim P. , Liu James K. 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveThe endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) is a relatively safe and efficacious advanced approach to access the frontal sinus for recalcitrant disease. There have been limited data specifically addressing those patients with advanced but unilaterally limited and supraorbitally based frontal sinus disease. In this study, the authors propose a modification of the EMLP technique, titled a modified hemi‐Lothrop procedure (MHLP), which would limit the dissection of the EMLP to removal of the frontal sinus floor of the unilaterally diseased frontal sinus, thereby sparing the mucosa and natural drainage pathways of the nondiseased contralateral frontal sinus.Study Design and SettingCadaveric study at an academic medical center.MethodsA cadaveric dissection with photodocumentation was performed to demonstrate the MHLP and to quantify the accessibility of this approach to far‐laterally based frontal sinus disease.ResultsThe MHLP dissection was shown to provide adequate access to the most distal supraorbital and laterally based aspects of the frontal sinus. Using 3 cadavers, the authors demonstrated and documented the technique of MHLP to access lateral frontal sinus disease from the contralateral nasal cavity via a superior septectomy window.ConclusionThe MHLP was demonstrated to be a feasible approach and alternative to more traditional endoscopic procedures in addressing unilateral frontal sinus disease. This modification may be useful in addressing difficult to access unilateral disease that may otherwise require more extensive resection. This demonstration helps define the accessibility of the lateral frontal sinus via an MHLP and begins to provide estimates of which patients may benefit from this approach.
Effects of plantar perception training on standing posture balance in the old old and the very old living in nursing facilities: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Morioka Shu , Fujita Hiroyuki , Hiyamizu Makoto , Maeoka Hiroshi , Matsuo Atsushi 
Published: April 2011

Objective: To determine whether plantar perception training using a hardness discrimination task efficiently improves stabilization of standing posture balance in the old old as well as the very old. Design: A randomized two-group parallel controlled trial. Setting: Nursing homes. Participants: Forty-six elderly persons 75 years of age or older living in nursing facilities were randomly assigned evenly to either an intervention or a control group. Intervention: The intervention group was given a task to discriminate hardness differences while standing on foam rubber of different levels of hardness, while the control group was given the task to simply remain standing on foam rubber. The tasks were imposed for 10 successive days. Outcome measures: Outcome assessment was made by determinations of centre-of-gravity sway in the standing position and the Functional Reach Test. Results: Planter perception was significantly improved and centre-of-gravity sway in the standing position was also significantly reduced in the intervention group after the intervention. In the control group, however, there were no significant changes in perception or in sway ( P < 0.01) There was a significant difference in the Functional Reach Test values between the two groups: an increment of 12.3 ± 10.1 cm in the intervention group vs. 2.3 ± 5.8 cm in the control group ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: These results suggested that plantar perception exercises might efficiently stabilize standing postural balance in the old old as well as the very old.
Risk factors for geriatric patient falls in rehabilitation hospital settings: a systematic review
Authors: Vieira Edgar Ramos , Freund-Heritage Rosalie , da Costa Bruno R 
Published: April 2011

Objective: To review the literature to identify and synthesize the evidence on risk factors for patient falls in geriatric rehabilitation hospital settings. Data sources: Eligible studies were systematically searched on 16 databases from inception to December 2010. Review methods: The search strategies used a combination of terms for rehabilitation hospital patients, falls, risk factors and older adults. Cross-sectional, cohort, case-control studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English that investigated risks for falls among patients ≥65 years of age in rehabilitation hospital settings were included. Studies that investigated fall risk assessment tools, but did not investigate risk factors themselves or did not report a measure of risk (e.g. odds ratio, relative risk) were excluded. Results: A total of 2,824 references were identified; only eight articles concerning six studies met the inclusion criteria. In these, 1,924 geriatric rehabilitation patients were followed. The average age of the patients ranged from 77 to 83 years, the percentage of women ranged from 56% to 81%, and the percentage of fallers ranged from 15% to 54%. Two were case-control studies, two were RCTs and four were prospective cohort studies. Several intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for falls were identified. Conclusion: Carpet flooring, vertigo, being an amputee, confusion, cognitive impairment, stroke, sleep disturbance, anticonvulsants, tranquilizers and antihypertensive medications, age between 71 and 80, previous falls, and need for transfer assistance are risk factors for geriatric patient falls in rehabilitation hospital settings.
Injection Techniques of Platelet-Rich Plasma into and around the Achilles Tendon a Cadaveric Study
Authors: Wiegerinck Johannes I. , Reilingh Mikel L. , de Jonge Milko C. , van Dijk C. Niek , Kerkhoffs Gino M. 
Published: April 2011

Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are used to treat (Achilles) tendinopathies. Platelet-rich plasma has been injected at different locations, but the feasibility of PRP injections and the distribution after injection have not been studied. Purpose To evaluate ( 1 ) the feasibility of ultrasound-guided PRP injections into the Achilles tendon (AT) and in the area between the paratenon and the AT and ( 2 ) the distribution of PRP after injection into the AT and in the area between the paratenon and AT. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Fifteen cadaveric lower limbs were injected under ultrasound guidance with Indian blue–dyed PRP. Five injections were placed into the AT at the midportion level; 5 injections were located anterior between the paratenon and AT and 5 posterior between the paratenon and AT. The limbs were anatomically dissected and evaluated for the presence and distribution of PRP. Results All injections into the AT showed PRP infiltration in the AT as well as in the area between the paratenon and AT (median craniocaudal spread, 100 mm; range, 75-110 mm); 1 of 5 limbs showed PRP leakage into the Kager fat pad after AT injection. All anterior and posterior injections showed PRP infiltration in the area between the paratenon and AT (median, 100 mm; range, 75-150 mm). The AT was infiltrated with PRP after 3 of 10 paratenon injections. Conclusion The “AT” and “paratenon” injections under ultrasound guidance proved to be accurate. Injections into the AT showed distribution of PRP into the AT as well as in the area between the paratenon and AT. All injections between the paratenon and AT showed PRP distribution in that area, as well as in the Kager fat pad. Clinical Relevance Different PRP injection techniques were evaluated. This aids in the optimization of PRP injections in the treatment of midportion Achilles tendinopathy.
Sports Hernia
Authors: Minnich John M. , Hanks John B. , Muschaweck Ulrike , Brunt L. Michael , Diduch David R. 
Published: April 2011

Groin injuries are a common occurrence in elite-level athletes. These injuries can cause significant pain and disability, leading to prolonged periods of inactivity and consternation among athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and physicians alike. The differential diagnosis for groin pain is vast and spans multiple disciplines, including orthopaedics, general surgery, urology, gynecology, and neurology. Sports hernias are one cause of chronic groin pain in athletes and are distinct entities from classic hernias. They are often caused by a deficient posterior wall of the inguinal canal, but may also involve concurrent injuries, such as conjoint and adductor tendinopathies and nerve entrapment. Understanding the complex lower abdominal, pelvic, and hip anatomy and pathophysiology of sports hernias is crucial to making an accurate diagnosis and providing appropriate treatment options. Newer, less invasive surgical repair techniques show promising early results in improving pain and decreasing recovery time.
Mary, Model of Biblical Contemplation
Authors: Gómez-Acebo Isabel 
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this work is to take Mary as the subject of a life of contemplation, to observe her manner of relating with God, of speaking to His messengers and of praising Yhwh. She is a daughter of Israel who speaks to the God of her people and interprets His figure according to that tradition. The questions we will attempt to answer are: with what God did she relate? Where did their encounters take place? How did she regard her person in relation to the divinity? To what degree did her son’s life affect her understanding of God? We do not know her feelings nor her reactions at the Cross but by following Old Testament patterns I am going to offer possible conjectures. Rather than present Mary simply as an object of biblical contemplation I want to give the model of Marian spirituality that can serve as a personal path for Christians so that her figure as summa contemplatrix becomes that of illuminatrix, helping us to enter into a relationship with God and discover the whole range of possibilities that this offers.2
The cognitive agent: Overcoming informational limits
Authors: Vakarelov Orlin 
Published: April 2011

This article provides an answer to the question: What is the function of cognition? By answering this question it becomes possible to investigate what are the simplest cognitive systems. It addresses the question by treating cognition as a solution to a design problem. It defines a nested sequence of design problems: (1) How can a system persist? (2) How can a system affect its environment to improve its persistence? (3) How can a system utilize better information from the environment to select better actions? And, (4) How can a system reduce its inherent informational limitations to achieve more successful behavior? This provides a corresponding nested sequence of system classes: (1) autonomous systems, (2) (re)active autonomous systems, (3) informationally controlled autonomous systems (autonomous agents), and (4) cognitive systems. This article provides the following characterization of cognition: The cognitive system is the set of mechanisms of an autonomous agent that (1) allow increase of the correlation and integration between the environment and the information system of the agent, so that (2) the agent can improve the selection of actions and thereby produce more successful behavior. Finally, it shows that common cognitive capacities satisfy the characterization: learning, memory, representation, decision making, reasoning, attention, and communication.
An in-depth analysis of domestically adopted children with special needs and their biological mothers
Authors: Hussey David L 
Published: April 2011

• Summary: In 2001, federal research funding (#90-CO-0960) was awarded to conduct an in-depth study of one agency’s experience with domestic special needs adoption placements (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). This private Ohio agency has been involved in the placement of special needs children since the beginning of the US special needs adoption movement in 1976. A rigorous and comprehensive chart review was conducted profiling 362 consecutively referred special needs adoption cases from 1997 to 2005, providing one of the most accurate and in-depth profiles of both special needs adoption children and their biological mothers to date. • Findings: In summing the major child and biological mother risk factors reported in this study (i.e. child neglect + child physical abuse + child sexual abuse + child prenatal drug exposure + child positive toxicology screen at birth + maternal mental illness + maternal substance abuse + maternal homelessness + maternal history of domestic violence + parental incarceration + and death of a significant person), youth averaged 4.7 (SD = 1.61) cumulative risk factors, not including poverty, multiple placement disruptions, and other undocumented risk factors. • Applications: Accurate and comprehensive profiling of child and biological parent characteristics are required to inform the service needs of at-risk families, domestic special needs adopted children, and adoptive parents. Implications for adoptive parent recruitment, training, and support, as well child monitoring and treatment are discussed.