bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Styrax sumatranus J.J.Sm endophytes fungi and its potential as phosphate solubilizing and cellulose decomposition
Authors: Elfiati D , Susilowati A , Manalu M F , Mukrimin  , Hidayat A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Styrax sumatranus J.J.Sm is a plant from North Sumatra, which is widely used by community for religious rituals, medicines and it has economic value. Endophytic fungi are fungi that harbour inside the plant tissue without causing any negative effects to their host plant. Endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves and bark of Styrax sumatranus J.J.Sm. The aim of this research was to obtain endophytic fungi that have potential as phosphate solubilizing and cellulose decomposition. The bark and leaves of Styrax sumatranus J.J.Sm as a source of endophytic fungi were taken from Pandumaan village, Pollung District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra. Test the potential of endophytic fungal as phosphate solubilizers using selective Pikovskaya media and as cellulose decomposition using carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) media plus congo red 0.1%. Then calculate the phosphate solubility index and cellulolytic index. The result show that, of 20 isolates tested, there were 12 isolates that had potential as phosphate solubilizers and 12 isolates had potential as cellulose decomposition. Phosphate solubility index dan cellulolytic index obtained range from 2.10-2.44 and 0.22-0.55 respectively.
The effect of heavy metal lead (Pb) removal by Hydrilla verticillata, Hygrophila polysperma, and Rotala rotundifolia plants on the height and dry weight of plants
Authors: Lase S R , Elimasni  , Munir E , Ziliwu D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Heavy metal lead is widely used in the industrial world, such as in the manufacture of batteries and cable coatings. Behind its benefits, heavy metal lead has become a pollutant waste that is dangerous for the survival of organisms because it is accumulative and difficult to degrade. This study aims to analyze the effect of aquascape plants removing lead heavy metal concentrations on plant height and dry weight. The experimental design used in this study was a factorial complete randomized design with two factors. The results showed that the plants in all types of treatment had a bioconcentration factor (BCF) value > 1 so the three aquascape plants were categorized as accumulators. This study’s removal of lead and heavy metals influenced aquascape plants’ height and dry weight. The highest increase in height occurred in Hygrophila polysperma (A2B0), while the smallest increase in height occurred in Rotala rotundifolia (A3B0). Measurement of plant dry weight at the end of the study showed that Hydrilla verticillata had the highest dry weight of 1.26 g while the lowest dry weight was owned by Rotala rotundifolia plants at 0.34 g.
Innovative sustainable business model: A case study of eco-tourism in Bukit Lawang
Authors: Ridho H , Harahap K , Loppies Y , Subarna D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sustainable development has become a crucial issue and a moral obligation for all nations. However, the implementation of sustainable business practices in Indonesia, especially in the field of the tourism industry, including the Bukit Lawang tourist destination, is still weak. This encourages tourism managers to change their business model as a step towards making Bukit Lawang an international tourist destination. This can be achieved through competency development sustainable business management model. This article attempts to apply the design thinking model to creating innovative sustainable business model in tourism in the Bukit Lawang area, using qualitative research methods and design thinking procedures. The population of this study includes tourism managers and visitors in Bukit Lawang area. Sampling techniques such as stratified sampling and purposive sampling, and both primary and secondary data were collected. This article presents a framework for sustainable tourism businesses model in Bukit Lawang, which is built based on three dimensions: facilities, services and systems. This dimension serves as a key differentiator of sustainable value propositions in tourism businesses related to the three pillars of sustainability: economic, social and environmental. The focus of this framework is creating value sustainable tourism business regarding impact reduction, risk mitigation and compliance.
Potency of papaya leaf as green catalyst in biodiesel synthesis for transesterification of coconut oil
Authors: Taslim  , Iriany  , Sukeksi L , Bani O , Ikhsan M , Yuliantika Y 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Papaya leaf is a promising biomass to be developed into a green catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of papaya leaves by calcination at 700°C for 3 hours, and to assess the created papaya leaf ash as a catalyst in biodiesel transesterification. Characterization of papaya leaf ash was carried out using SEM-EDX and FTIR. The results confirmed that papaya leaf ash contains metal oxides such as K2O, MgO and CaO which function as active components that catalyse the reaction. Transesterification of coconut oil was carried out at fixed molar ratio of oil to methanol (OTM) of 1:12, reaction temperature of 55-65°C, and catalyst load of 2-4wt.%. The highest yield of biodiesel was 97.36% with a purity of 99.39%. It was obtained at reaction temperature of 60°C, 3% catalyst load, and 150 min reaction time. The quality of biodiesel obtained was correspondent to European standards (EU 14214). The results confirm that papaya leaf ash may be used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the manufacture of biodiesel.
Replanting Eucalyptus as a sustainable solution for pulp industry: A review
Authors: Sembiring N , Herlim C , Febrilliandika B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Eucalyptus has emerged as a prominent raw material in the paper industry, with Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus grandis being the most commonly used varieties. Its versatility has led to its widespread use in various paper products, including cigarette paper, napkins, white paperboard, and more. However, different eucalyptus species grown under varied conditions can influence morphology, chemical composition, pulping conditions, and paper quality. Hence, selecting the right species is crucial based on various indices, such as fibre diameter, holocellulose, lignin, and ash content. Replanting has been recognized as a natural approach to enhance freshwater availability and mitigate climate change, making it an essential strategy for sustainable eucalyptus production. This review examines 21 recent publications from diverse geographic locations, exploring the impact of replanting eucalyptus on pulp industries. The study highlights the significance of replanting eucalyptus as a sustainable solution for the pulp industry and discusses the ecological benefits, environmental considerations, and challenges associated with eucalyptus plantations. Through a comprehensive evaluation of previous research, this study aims to shed light on the optimal practices for replanting eucalyptus and its potential contributions to the thriving pulp industry.
Heavy metal remediation in copper (Cu) contaminated soil of Andosol and Latosol using spinach (Amaranthus sp.) as bioaccumulator
Authors: Rahmi E , Satriawan H , Ernawita  , Muliana  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Concentration of heavy metal copper (Cu) which often present as pollutant in the environment can be minimized by one of remediation techniques called phytoremediation. It is a relatively inexpensive, simple, effective technique and showed minimal effect to the environment. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of spinach (Amaranthus sp.) in reducing Cu concentration in Andosol and Latosol soils. Three (3) different types of planting media namely Andosol, Latosol, and sandy soils with control treatment (without Cu) and Cu treatment (as CuSO4.5H2O) at a dose of 100 mg/kg or (1.5 gr per 5 kg of soil) were used in this study. The results showed that spinach was able to accumulate heavy metals both in the roots and leaves. However, heavy metal absorption was found to be higher in root tissue compared to other organs observed. The treatment of Latosol soil + compost with spinach plant showed the highest accumulation of Cu compared to other treatments. While in Andosol soils, Cu metal commonly found in the form of residues. Thus, it can be concluded that phytoremediation of Cu using spinach in Andosol and Latosol soil showed promising results.
Physical and mechanical properties of belangke (Gigantochloa pruriens) bamboo laminated boards modified with citric acid
Authors: Hartono R , Akbar M F , Sutiawan J , Diba F , Amirta R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Belangke bamboo can be used to produce laminated boards due to its good mechanical properties. This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of laminated boards from belangke bamboo at various immersion times of citric acid. Bamboo lamina is arranged into laminated boards (3 layers of bamboo lamina) with dimensions of 30 x 15 x 1.5 cm (Length x Width x Thickness). Laminated boards were glued using isocyanate adhesive with glue spread level of 280 g/m2. Testing of this laminated board includes physical and mechanical properties. Testing of physical properties, including weight percent gain (WPG), density, moisture content (MC), and delamination. Meanwhile, mechanical properties include modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and shear strength. The physical and mechanical properties of belangke bamboo laminated in this study resulted in WPG values ranging from 7.00-10.00%, density with a range of 0.79–0.86 g/cm3, moisture content with a range of 11.86-12.67%, delamination ranged from 0.00-7.77%, MOE ranged from 113686-127378 kg/cm2, MOR ranged from 516.97–578.95 kg/cm2, and shear strength ranged from 20.53–27.73 kg/cm2. The best of the physical and mechanical properties of citric acid-modified belangke laminated boards in this study were laminated boards with 24-hour immersion time
Effectiveness of waste management site reduce, reuse, recycle program in improving ecological citizenship
Authors: Dalimunthe M A , Suhendar A , Ritonga A R , Nasution F A , Nasution L N , Batubara P E O 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) aims to process organic and inorganic waste into something that can be reused. The processed results of organic waste are fertilizers that can be used as a medium for fertilizing plants, while the processed results of inorganic waste can be in the form of shopping bags, wall hangings, flower pots, and other handicrafts. In addition to aiming to process organic and inorganic waste into something useful, another goal of Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) is also to help employ the surrounding community members of the beneficiary community. The main purpose of the Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) program is to improve the ecological citizenship of the community. This research uses qualitative methods to obtain the required data. This study’s results indicate that the Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) program could have been more effective. There are still many obstacles encountered in the implementation of the program.
The protein model of somatic embryogenesis genes of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) using Phyre2 and Swiss-model
Authors: Astari R P , Basyuni M , Siregar L A M , Damanik R I M , Arifiyanto D , Syahputra I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SEs) is the capacity of plant-generated embryo structures to form a somatic cell. SEs in oil palm is one of the techniques used to produce clones with superior characteristics. It can maximize the oil palm crop’s productivity, whose demand increases every year. The identification of the structure of proteins can optimize the efficiency of the selection of the embryogenic culture. The somatic embryogenesis genes were collected from GeneBank at the NCBI. This study successfully describes the protein modeling of tree somatic embryogenesis genes in oil palms by Phyre2 and the Swiss model software. The ENOD93, HOX1 and RIk-OPff with the varied protein prediction the protein model of ENOD93 was detected with confidence of 81.5% by Phyre2, sequence identity of 76.6% with a range of 3-96 amino acids, and sequence similarity of 0.63 by Swiss-model. The sequence similarity of HOX1 was detected at 100% with a confidence level of 99.7% by the Swiss model. The protein model of RIk-OPff was predicted with 100% confidence in the range of 30–536 amino acids, and only in these genes were the trans-membrane helices.
Distribution of density and zoning patterns of mangrove forest in eastern coastal Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Samsuri  , Abdillah M R , Zaitunah A A , Utomo B , Sulistioadi J B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Indonesia has the largest mangrove forest in the world, touching 3.2 million hectares or the equivalent of 22.6% of the total mangrove forests, and the results of the updated national mangrove map in 2021 cover an area of 3,364,080 hectares. One of the mangrove ecosystems located in Wonosari Village, Panai Hilir District, Labuhanbatu Regency, focuses on analyzing each zone’s density distribution and formation. This study aims to analyze the density distribution of mangrove vegetation in 2002 and 2022 and the formation of mangrove vegetation. The method used in this research is NDVI analysis and IVI analysis by conducting vegetation analysis. The results obtained are the density of vegetation in 2002 and 2022, the highest density class value, namely density with an NDVI value range of 0.3 – 0.4 with an area of 415.61 ha in 2002 and 2022 with an area of 495.53 ha. The vegetation density class in 2002 and 2022, which experienced the greatest increase, was the vegetation density class covering an area of 79,92 ha, and the very dense vegetation density decreased by 111.80 ha. The mangrove vegetation formation is divided into three zones: the open zone found Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera parviflora, and Avicennia alba. In the middle zone found the species of Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera parviflora, and in the back zone, which is on the mainland, found the species of Xylocarpus granatum, Acrostichum aureum, Excoecaria agallocha.
Implementation of geographic information system in relation to land cover changes in the Leuser National Park area from 1990 to 2020
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Arif R , Zahrah M , Ismail M H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there have been pressing issues that need immediate attention regarding land cover change in Leuser National Park, particularly in BPTN Region III Stabat, Indonesia. The objective of this study is to analyze the land cover changes that have occurred between the years 1990 and 2020 in BPTN Region III Stabat, Leuser National Park, Indonesia. The methodology employed includes temporal and spatial analysis, with data processing carried out using ArcMap 10.4 software. The land cover categories considered in the analysis include primary dryland forest, secondary dryland forest, shrubland, plantation, open land, water body, dryland agriculture, and mixed dryland agriculture. The findings of this study indicate that the largest land cover area was recorded in 1990, with primary dryland forest covering approximately 192,188.92 hectares, while the smallest land cover area was open land, covering around 3.31 hectares. Over the entire period from 1990 to 2020, the largest decrease in land cover area was observed in secondary dryland forest, amounting to approximately 5,546.23 hectares, whereas the largest increase in land cover area was observed in dryland agriculture, totaling around 4,201.75 hectares.
Nature interpretation in green space of Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Harahap M M , Ahmad A G , Ulfa M , Wirabuana P Y A P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Universitas Sumatera Utara competes with various other campuses to win the title of the best Green Campus through the UI Green Metric ranking. Tree vegetation at USU is also an added value for the campus. The campus is a favorite location for people to visit and enjoy the environmental services. The interest of visitors who come is certainly an opportunity as well as a challenge for USU to continue maintaining and developing tree vegetation which is a provider of environmental services for the surrounding. Therefore, research on the potential nature interpretation activities in green space at USU needs to be done and studied further. This study used field observation techniques by visiting various locations. Field findings data are described descriptively and tabulatively. The green space of USU has various potential locations for nature interpretation and environmental education, such as; bird watching, rare vegetation species, fruit spots, sports, photography, wildlife behavior, and flowering periods of vegetation. The results are expected to be useful in the learning process about the environment for the academic community and visitors who come, efforts to maintain a microclimate, develop further research, and support efforts to mitigate global warming.
Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Technology to Identify Land Cover in Kedai Damar Village, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatera
Authors: Arinah H , Purba M A , Affifah N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Remote sensing has been widely used in various fields, one of which is to provide information related to land cover classification Kedai Damar Village is one of 13 villages in the Tebing Tinggi sub-district, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The settlement of Kedai Damar is the one that is most remote from the headquarters of the high cliffs sub-district. This settlement is situated in the center of the PT.Perkebunan Nusantara-IV plantation region in Pabatu North Sumatera. As a result, several rural towns have opened shops providing food and other essentials to farmers and farmworkers in order to rely on PT. Perkebunan Nusantara-IV plantation. This research was conducted in the Kedai Damar Village administrative center area using unmanned aircraft technology and then visually interpretation of aerial photos and mapping administrative area land cover in the Kedai Damar Village administrative center area using processed data in the form of orthophoto from agisoft metashape software. Based on the results of the study, the Kedai Damar Village area has 5 types of land cover classifications that can be identified visually based on 9 elements of interpretation (hue, color, shape, size, texture, pattern, shadow, site and association) as well as ground checks or data collection and observations. In the field. there are 5 types of land cover that can be visually identified, including non-oil Palm, open land, factory Area, settlement, oil palm plantations.
Analysis of land cover changes on the Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) habitat due to forest fires in Gunung Leuser National Park
Authors: Thoha A S , Saraswita N , Wiranata D , Sirait S M K , Inaldi R , Charloq  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) is home to Indonesia’s native species, the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii). The GLNP in some of its areas has experienced forest degradation, one of which is by land clearing activities by burning. The purpose of this study is to analyze land cover changes due to forest fires in the habitat of Sumatran orangutans in GLNP, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province. This study used temporal and spatial analysis of fire hotspot data with land cover. Temporal analysis of land cover changes was conducted between before and after forest and land fires in the study area. There are at least 6,783 ha of forest fires, of which 1,541 ha were habitat distribution areas for Sumatran orangutans. From 2000-2019, 158 hotspots were detected, of which 36 hotspots were in the distribution area of Sumatran orangutan habitat. Land cover in the study area has mostly changed from primary dryland forest to plantations. The primary dryland forest that remained in the study area only 483.51 Ha in 2019 after converting since 2000. Communities around GLNP need to be assisted in the process of ecosystem restoration through a conservation partnership pattern to restore the function of the area, one of which is as a habitat for Sumatran orangutans.
Evaluation of the initial growth of Shorea platyclados wildlings through the application of mycorrhizal biofertilizer under different levels of shading
Authors: Hartini K S , Rangkuti A B , Insani A , Manalu B P , Andini S W , Ruhidi A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The obstacles to the propagation of Shorea platyclados involve the uncertain flowering and fruiting seasons, the recalcitrant nature of the seeds, and the dependence on shade for growth. Furthermore, a mutualistic symbiosis, called mycorrhizae, usually exists between the roots and fungi, similar to other species of Dipterocarpaceae. This consequently hinders the regeneration process, which in turn may threaten the sustainability of this species in the wild. Ex-situ conservation using wildings is one of the measures that can be taken to overcome this issue. This study aimed to assess the initial growth of S. platyclados seedlings by administering different amountsof mycorrhizal biofertilizers under varying shade conditions at four and eight weeks of age in the nursery. A randomised complete block design was employed with the dose of biofertilizer as the treatment (0, 2.5, 5, 7 and 9 g/polybag) and shade as the group (0, 50, 60 and 70%). Observations were taken in the nursery at four and eight weeks of age. The observation parameters included the survival percentage, height growth, diameter growth, and vigour of the seedlings. There were significant differences in percentage of survival. Still, significant differences in height growth were observed with different doses of biofertilizer and shading at both four and eight weeks of age. Significant differences in diameter growth were observed with different doses of biofertilizer at both four and eight weeks of age, but not with different shades. No significant differences were observed for seedling vigour with different doses of biofertilizer and shade at both four and eight weeks of age. The optimal amount of biofertilizer was 5 g/polybag, resulting in maximum growth. This was achieved in a shade of 60%.
Diversity of bee forage plants in Karing Village Dairi Regency North Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Widyastuti D E , Tarigan R B M , Rangkuti A B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Honey bees are one of the Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) that are cultivated by members of KTH Bunga Mekar. Honey bee food sources affect the number of colonies and honey bee productivity. Bees feed supply in the form of nectar and pollen as a source of carbohydrates and protein. This study aims to identify the diversity of honey bee forage plants. Vegetation analysis of honey bee forage plants was carried out by determining 10 observation plots using the purposive sampling method. The results of the research on seedlings obtained 8 species with a total of 23 individuals, saplings obtained 7 species with a total of 26 individuals, 7 species with a total of 34 individuals, and trees obtained 11 types of vegetation with a total of 41 individuals. Agricultural crops obtained as many as 14 types of plants with a total of 220 points of land with a radius of 1.5 km. For plant species outside the observation plot, 26 types of vegetation were found as a source of bee forage plants.