bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphadenectomy at the time of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy: results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium
Authors: Hellenthal Nicholas J. , Hussain Abid , Andrews Paul E. , Carpentier Paul , Castle Erik , Dasgupta Prokar , Kaouk Jihad , Khan Shamim , Kibel Adam , Kim Hyung , Manoharan Murugesan , Menon Mani , Mottrie Alex , Ornstein David , Palou Joan , Peabody James , Pruthi Raj , Richstone Lee , Schanne Francis , Stricker Hans , Thomas Raju , Wiklund Peter , Wilding Greg , Guru Khurshid A. 
Published: June 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? It is known that the lymph node yield in open cystectomy is variable and dependent, in some part, upon surgeon experience.This study, the largest of its kind reporting on outcomes associated with robot‐assisted radical cystectomy, demonstrates that lymph node yields in experienced hands at the time of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy is comparable to that seen in open series.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidence of, and predictors for, lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing robot‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) for bladder cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSUtilizing the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium (IRCC) database, 527 patients were identified who underwent RARC at 15 institutions from 2003 to 2009. After stratification by age group, sex, pathological T stage, nodal status, sequential case number, institutional volume and surgeon volume, logistic regression was used to correlate variables to the likelihood of undergoing lymphadenectomy (defined as ≥10 nodes removed).RESULTSOf the 527 patients, 437 (82.9%) underwent lymphadenectomy. A mean of 17.8 (range 0–68) lymph nodes were examined. Tumour stage, sequential case number, institution volume and surgeon volume were significantly associated with the likelihood of undergoing lymphadenectomy. Surgeon volume was most significantly associated with lymphadenectomy on multivariate analysis. High‐volume surgeons (>20 cases) were almost three times more likely to perform lymphadenectomy than lower‐volume surgeons, all other variables being constant [odds ratio (OR) = 2.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39–4.05; P= 0.002].CONCLUSIONThe rates of lymphadenectomy at RARC for advanced bladder cancer are similar to those of open cystectomy series using a large, multi‐institutional cohort. There does, however, appear to be a learning curve associated with the performance of lymphadenectomy at RARC.
Interventions for the prevention of overweight and obesity in preschool children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Monasta L. , Batty G. D. , Macaluso A. , Ronfani L. , Lutje V. , Bavcar A. , van Lenthe F. J. , Brug J. , Cattaneo A. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe objective of this study was to analyse interventions for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children under 5 years of age. We carried out a systematic review focusing exclusively on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data sources include Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINHAL, PsychInfo and Web of Science. Data were extracted from seventeen articles describing seven RCTs identified through electronic search, screening of references in systematic reviews, own files and contact with authors. RCTs were assessed with the Jadad scale. Four trials were carried out in preschool settings, one with an exclusive educational component, two with an exclusive physical activity component and one with both. Two trials were family‐based, with education and counselling for parents and children. The remaining trial was carried out in maternity hospitals, with a training intervention on breastfeeding. None of the interventions had an effect in preventing overweight and obesity. The failure to show an effect may be due to the choice of outcomes, the quality of the RCTs, the suboptimal implementation of the interventions, the lack of focus on social and environmental determinants. More rigorous research is needed on interventions and on social and environmental factors that could impact on lifestyle.
Migrants' social protection as a transnational process: public policies and emigrant initiative in the case of Ecuador
Authors: Boccagni Paolo 
Published: June 2010

Boccagni P. Migrants' social protection as a transnational process: public policies and emigrant initiative in the case of EcuadorInt J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 318–325 © 2010 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.The article explores social protection as a transnational welfare process for migrants from Ecuador in Italy. It focuses specifically on the social protection for the family members left behind which is provided by migrants' remittances as well as by their transnational caregiving practices. It examines the discourse of, and policies relating to, migration in Ecuador, and analyses migrants' personal practices in social protection terms, drawing on an ethnographic study of Ecuadorians in Italy. In so doing, it reviews the interactions between formal top‐down and informal bottom‐up initiatives to ensure social protection for migrant households and, to some degree, their local communities. As a ‘transnational welfare’ measure, Ecuadorian migrants' rights and opportunities have gained unprecedented salience in their home country because of governmental attempts to cultivate citizen loyalty and national identification at a distance. Still, working overseas remains the key means of social protection for migrant families despite the social and emotional costs for those who migrate and those left behind.
Investigating gradients of gene expression involved in early human cortical development
Authors: Ip Bui K. , Wappler Ilka , Peters Heiko , Lindsay Susan , Clowry Gavin J. , Bayatti Nadhim 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe division of the neocortex into functional areas (the cortical map) differs little between individuals, although brain lesions in development can lead to substantial re‐organization of regional identity. We are studying how the cortical map is established in the human brain as a first step towards understanding this plasticity. Previous work on rodent development has identified certain transcription factors (e.g. Pax6, Emx2) expressed in gradients across the neocortex that appear to control regional expression of cell adhesion molecules and organization of area‐specific thalamocortical afferent projections. Although mechanisms may be shared, the human neocortex is composed of different and more complex local area identities. Using Affymetrix gene chips of human foetal brain tissue from 8 to 12.5 post‐conceptional weeks [PCW, equivalent to Carnegie stage (CS) 23, to Foetal stage (F) 4], human material obtained from the MRC‐Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource (http://www.hdbr.org), we have identified a number of genes that exhibit gradients along the anterior–posterior axis of the neocortex. Gene probe sets that were found to be upregulated posteriorally compared to anteriorally, included EMX2, COUPTFI and FGF receptor 3, and those upregulated anteriorally included cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and protocadherins, as well as potential motor cortex markers and frontal markers (e.g. CNTNAP2, PCDH17, ROBO1, and CTIP2). Confirmation of graded expression for a subset of these genes was carried out using real‐time PCR. Furthermore, we have established a dissociation cell culture model utilizing tissue dissected from anteriorally or posteriorally derived developing human neocortex that exhibits similar gradients of expression of these genes for at least 72 h in culture.
Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated with Disability in Older U.S. Population
Authors: Risques Rosa Ana , Arbeev Konstantin G. , Yashin Anatoli I. , Ukraintseva Svetlana V. , Martin George M. , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Oshima Junko 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) serves as a biomarker of disability assessed according to activities of daily living (ADLs) and what factors may modify this relationship.DESIGN: Retrospective cross‐sectional study.SETTING: A subset of the National Long Term Care Survey (NTLCS), a Medicare‐based U.S. population longitudinal study focused on trends of overall health and functional status in older adults.PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred and twenty‐four individuals from the 1999 wave of the NTLCS cohort.MEASUREMENTS: Relative LTL determined according to quantitative polymerase chain reaction. LTL has previously been shown to correlate with common age‐related disorders and mortality, as well as with socioeconomic status.RESULTS: A sex difference in LTL was observed but not age‐dependent shortening or association with socioeconomic status. LTL was associated with disability and functional status assessed according to ADLs. The association between ADLs and LTL was stronger in subjects without diabetes mellitus, whereas associations were not seen when only subjects with diabetes mellitus were analyzed. Associations between LTL and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer were also present in the group without diabetes mellitus but not in the group with diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION: These findings support the concept that LTL is a biomarker of overall well‐being that is predictive of disability of older individuals in the U.S. population. Diabetes mellitus plays an important role as a modifier of the association between LTL and disability, CVD, and cancer. These associations have clinical implications because of the potential predictive value of LTL and deserve further investigation.
Effect of Situational and Clinical Variables on the Likelihood of Physicians Ordering Physical Restraints
Authors: Mion Lorraine C. , Sandhu Satinderpal K. , Khan Rabia Halim , Ludwick Ruth , Claridge Jeffrey A. , Pile James , Harrington Michael , Dietrich Mary S. , Winchell Janice 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES: To model clinical and situational variables that may affect likelihood of physicians to order physical restraints.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional, factorial survey.SETTING: One academic medical center.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eighty‐nine physicians: interns in all specialty practices and resident and attending physicians in departments of surgery, general internal medicine, family practice, emergency medicine, and psychiatry.MEASUREMENTS: Vignettes were randomly generated using different values of six situational and eight clinical variables. Each physician received five unique vignettes for which they indicated their likelihood to order restraint on a 10‐point scale.RESULTS: Nine hundred six distinct vignettes were completed. The mean likelihood that physicians would order restraint was 3.9±3.0 (range 0 (not at all) to 9 (absolutely)). Exploratory regression analysis on physician's likelihood to restrain with independent variables of secondary diagnosis, patient age, sex, time of day, familiarity and trust with requesting nurse, patient behavior, vital signs, oxygen saturation, and dehydration explained 12.5% of variance (F=5.43, P<.001). Independent factors of unsafe patient behavior (P=.001) and secondary diagnosis of dementia (P=.06) resulted in greater likelihood of ordering restraint, whereas lack of trust in the judgment of the reporting nurse (P=.008) resulted in lower likelihood of ordering restraints.CONCLUSION: Patients' clinical status had less influence on physicians' likelihood of ordering physical restraints than the working relationship with the requesting nurse or the patient's behavior. Interdisciplinary team approaches with active physician input for nonrestraint strategies in the management of patient behavior is emphasized to minimize restraint use.
Modified Split‐Cast Technique: A New, Timesaving Clinical Remount Technique
Authors: Liu Fang‐Chun , Luk Kwing‐Chi , Suen Piin‐Chau , Tsai Tzong‐shiun , Ku Yen‐Chen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInterocclusal discrepancies can be eliminated by a clinical remount procedure, but most practitioners avoid it because of the time involved. This article introduces a new timesaving method, the modified split‐cast technique. It uses a semi‐adjustable articulator, tin foil as plaster separator, and an addition‐type, silicone bite‐registration material. The technician does most of the remounting procedures before the denture delivery appointment, so the dentist spends very little time chairside to complete the clinical remount procedure. Compared with the conventional and two other remounting techniques, the new technique is faster and easier to manipulate.
The appropriateness and physician compliance of platelet usage by a computerized transfusion decision support system in a medical center
Authors: Lin Yi‐Ching , Chang Chao‐Sung , Yeh Chi‐Jung , Wu Yung‐Chao 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: The prescribing of inappropriate platelet (PLT) transfusions is always a significant problem. A computerized transfusion decision support system (CTDSS) has been used in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital since September 2004. In this study, the physician compliance and appropriateness of PLT usage after using the CTDSS were investigated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 5887 PLT transfusion episodes between January and December 2008 were reviewed including the demographic data and the “true reason” for each transfusion practice. The pre‐ and posttransfusion PLT counts were retrieved. The physician compliance, the appropriateness of PLT usage, and the PLT increments after transfusion were investigated.RESULTS: Physician compliance was 85.4%, and the appropriateness of PLT usage was 69.6%. The most commonly chosen indication from the CTDSS was “prophylactic use, PLT count ≤20 × 109/L.” The highest inappropriate order rate was from the emergency department. More than half of the inappropriate episodes were from the surgery unit. The inappropriate rates were significant in terms of both different order sources and functional units (p < 0.0001). The posttransfusion PLT counts increased in two‐thirds of the episodes, and most of them were with the pretransfusion PLT counts of less than 50 × 109/L.CONCLUSIONS: In Taiwan, the PLT concentration is too low‐priced and this might cause the overuse of blood components. Under the global budget of National Health Insurance, preventing the overuse of blood components might serve as one of the mechanism to improve medical quality. The CTDSS should be more powerful and effective to intervene in the appropriateness of transfusion practice.
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes Perforates Hair of Adult Corpses in the Gaseous Period*
Authors: Filho Renato Evando M. , Sidrim José Júlio C. , Cordeiro Rossana de A. , Caetano Erica P. , Rocha Marcos Fabio G. , Brilhante Raimunda Sâmia N. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract:  Despite the substantial literature on mycology, there are still limited reports of the interaction between fungi and human hosts in the postmortem period. Thus, the main goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro perforation test using Trichophyton mentagrophytes on hair from adult corpses in the postmortem period (gaseous period). The protocol was carried out with positive (prepubescent children’s hair) and negative controls (healthy adult hair) as well. One strain of Trichophyton rubrum was also used as a negative perforation control. Perforations were found in all the hair samples from corpses and prepubescent children after 12–14 days exposure to T. mentagrophytes and were absent in the hair samples of healthy adults. Furthermore, hair perforation was not observed with T. rubrum. Our preliminary findings suggest the use of T. mentagrophytes as a potential marker of the death interval in forensic science.
Growth of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) Maggots in a Morgue Cooler*
Authors: Thevan Kumara , Ahmad Abu Hassan , Md. Rawi Che Salmah , Singh Bhupinder 
Published: June 2010

Abstract:  In estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) using maggots obtained during autopsy, the forensic entomologist makes decisions regarding the effects of low‐temperature storage of the body on the insects. In this case report, a corpse was found in an abandoned house in the residential area of Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaysia. The maggots were found to be alive inside the mouth of the deceased although the corpse had been in the morgue cooler for 12 days. The maggots were reared and identified as Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius). The emerged adult flies were kept as a stock colony, and the duration of development under the indoor fluctuating temperature regime was studied. The total duration of developmental process of this species was 9.5 ± 0.5 days, and the PMI estimated was 3.2 ± 0.6 days. This case report demonstrates the survival of Ch. megacephala maggots for 12 days and their growth inside the morgue cooler.
VAN DUZER MEMORIAL ORATION: THE EFFECT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON CHILD HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zipursky Alvin 
Published: June 2010

Armed conflict has occurred in many parts of the world for centuries and undoubtedly will occur in the future. In the past, combatants suffered; now the majority of suffering is by civilians. Children in these regions are denied the benefits of health care and normal nurturing both during and especially for prolonged periods after the conflict (when the health and social systems have been disrupted or are non‐existent). Their problems of health and development are major; problems for which the experience and knowledge of pediatrics and pediatric research could contribute. Yet, to date, the study of the health and development of children in war zones has not been a major priority of pediatric societies or of the large community of pediatric clinicians and researchers.Recently the Programme for Global Pediatric Research has held meetings with representatives of agencies working in areas of armed conflict together with pediatric clinicians and researchers. They explored the health and developmental problems of children in war zones. Recommendations from those meetings highlighted the plight of mothers and children during conflict and in the period “after the shooting stops.” Child health and development is critically affected during these times. In many instances planning has been inadequate and both government and legal support have been deficient. This presentation will describe the health and developmental problems of children in zones of armed conflict and steps to be taken to alleviate these major problems.
Obesity Prevention Interventions for Middle School‐Age Children of Ethnic Minority: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Stevens Carol J. 
Published: June 2010

PURPOSE.  The purpose of this study was to describe the current literature on interventions to reduce obesity in middle school‐age children of ethnic minority.DESIGN AND METHODS.  A systematic review of the literature was conducted.RESULTS.  A total of eight studies matched the inclusion criteria. Findings support personal, behavioral, and environmental factors that contribute to obesity in children, yet results for ethnic minorities were inconclusive.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Obesity research suggests that there is merit in addressing specific factors. This review highlights the absence of prevention interventions for middle school‐age children, particularly of ethnic decent.
SENSORY AND SEMANTIC LANGUAGE MODEL FOR RED APPLES
Authors: SWAHN JOHAN , ÖSTRÖM ÅSA , LARSSON ULF , GUSTAFSSON INGA‐BRITT 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT This study (1) examines the sensory attributes of a large group of red apples and compares consumer perceptions of them with those of a trained sensory panel; and (2) uses a sensory semantic frame classification to analyze the vocabulary used. Descriptive analysis was carried out with the trained panel, while a simplified version of the repertory grid method was used for one‐to‐one interviews with consumers. The perceptions expressed by the consumers correlated quite well with the terminology used by the trained panel, and the two groups used many identical words when describing the apples' texture, flavor and taste according to partial least squares regression. A sensory semantic frame was constructed based on the vocabulary used by the two groups. The combination of sensory and semantic analysis could be one way of extracting valuable words for use in contexts such as product description for marketing purposes in retail stores. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONTo increase and optimize consumer experiences of fruits and vegetables, it is crucial to use the proper words, both informatively and esthetically, to express these sense experiences. Often, however, it can be difficult to describe the taste, flavor, scent and texture of the food we eat. An agreed‐on sensory and semantic language for apples, for example, could be valuable for effective communication in retail stores, to improve selling statistics, consumption and consumer quality awareness.The key outcome of the study is that the perceptions of the trained panel and the consumers were quite similar, and that the combination of sensory and semantic methodology could be a valuable tool to create sensory characteristics of products to be used in effective marketing communication in grocery retail stores. Future research could investigate consumer decision‐making in relation to sensory and semantic description labels in retail grocery stores.
Formative Geographies of Belonging in White Australia: Constructing the National Self and Other in Parliamentary Debate, 1901
Authors: KAMP ALANNA 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe relationship between nationally unified calls for immigration restriction in the White Australia period and the emergence of an imagined national identity has been the focus of much valuable historical research. Through the method of content analysis, a geographical lens was used to re‐examine the Commonwealth Parliamentary debates regarding the development of theImmigration Restriction Act 1901and to provide empirical support to the existing scholarship. The content analysis provided statistical evidence for the ways in which immigration restriction in this specific historical context was legitimised and rationalised by social constructions that reproduced racisms. Constructions of the Self and the Other were fundamental in defining exclusion and inclusion during the White Australia era. The national Self was complexly defined by overlapping constructions of the Self as Australian, British (racially and culturally) and White. This is indicative of the tensions and negotiations between national interests and cultural, historical and ‘racial’ ties to Britain at the time. Additionally, content analysis provided nuanced insight into the ways in which the designation of inherent (and diametrically opposing) racial attributes to the White Self and non‐White Other justified the ways in which ‘they’ were different from ‘us’. In this way the Other was characterised as an intrinsic threat to the development of the nation and the wellbeing of its peoples. ‘We’, on the other hand, were integral to the development of White Australia.