bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective cohort study of adverse events in older people admitted to the acute general hospital: risk factors and the impact of dementia
Authors: Watkin L. , Blanchard M. R. , Tookman A. , Sampson E. L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundReported adverse events (RAEs) are relatively common in the acute hospital and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Dementia is increasing in hospital in‐patients, however there have been few studies exploring risk factors for RAEs, in particular cognitive impairment and dementia. Our objective was to identify the prevalence of RAEs in older acute medical inpatients and associated demographic, clinical or cognitive risk factors.MethodA longitudinal cohort study set on acute medical wards in a large general hospital. We recruited 710 people aged over 70 years undergoing emergency medical admission. Dementia was diagnosed using operationalised DSM‐IV criteria. Patients were assessed using standardised tools including the Confusion Assessment Method, mini‐mental state examination, the Functional Assessment Staging scale, the APACHE scale and Charlson co‐morbidity index. Data on adverse events was supplied independently by the hospital clinical risk department.Results8.6% (95% CI 6.4–10.6) of patients experienced an RAE; 5.9% (95% CI 4.2–7.6) were patient‐related and 2.7% (95% CI 1.5–3.8) system‐related (incidence rate for all RAEs was 2.1 (95% CI 1.7–2.8)) per person year of hospital admission. Median length of admission was 8 days (inter‐quartile range 4–17 days). Patient‐related RAEs were associated with male gender, delirium, mild/moderate cognitive impairment and a FAST score of 2–6. Overall, 11.1% died during the admission‐this was not associated with experiencing an RAE. Staff comments on incident forms indicated an apparent lack of understanding of the impact of cognitive impairment.ConclusionsRAEs were common and associated with risk factors identifiable at admission. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and feasibility of elective minimally invasive video‐assisted central neck dissection for thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Neidich Marci J. , Steward David L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) is accepted as treatment for select patients with thyroid carcinoma. We report both benefits and limitations of elective central neck dissection performed with the MIVAT technique.MethodsPatients undergoing elective central neck dissection with MIVAT during November 2006 to October 2009 were studied retrospectively. Outcomes included complications and recurrence rates.ResultsIn all, 28 patients were studied. There were no recurrences, with median follow‐up of 14 months. Eleven patients (39%) had positive central lymph nodes for metastases. No permanent hypocalcemia resulted, although 3 patients (10.7%) experienced transient hypocalcemia on postoperative day 1 (Ca <8 mg/dL). No permanent hypoparathyroidism resulted, although 7 patients (25%) had transient hypoparathyroidism (postanesthesia care unit parathyroid hormone [PTH] <8 mg/dL) treated with short‐term supplementation. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis occurred in 1 patient (3.6%). At the most recent check, 91% of patients had low/undetectable (<1 ng/mL) thyroglobulin.ConclusionsElective central neck dissection performed with MIVAT is a safe and feasible procedure in our institutional experience. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Hippocampal place cells encode intended destination, and not a discriminative stimulus, in a conditional T‐maze task
Authors: Ainge James A. , Tamosiunaite Minija , Wörgötter Florentin , Dudchenko Paul A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe firing of hippocampal place cells encodes instantaneous location but can also reflect where the animal is heading (prospective firing), or where it has just come from (retrospective firing). The current experiment sought to explicitly control the prospective firing of place cells with a visual discriminada in a T‐maze. Rats were trained to associate a specific visual stimulus (e.g., a flashing light) with the occurrence of reward in a specific location (e.g., the left arm of the T). A different visual stimulus (e.g., a constant light) signaled the availability of reward in the opposite arm of the T. After this discrimination had been acquired, rats were implanted with electrodes in the CA1 layer of the hippocampus. Place cells were then identified and recorded as the animals performed the discrimination task, and the presentation of the visual stimulus was manipulated. A subset of CA1 place cells fired at different rates on the central stem of the T depending on the animal's intended destination, but this conditional or prospective firing was independent of the visual discriminative stimulus. The firing rate of some place cells was, however, modulated by changes in the timing of presentation of the visual stimulus. Thus, place cells fired prospectively, but this firing did not appear to be controlled, directly, by a salient visual stimulus that controlled behavior. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of objects on place field expression and size in distal hippocampal CA1
Authors: Burke Sara N. , Maurer Andrew P. , Nematollahi Saman , Uprety Ajay R. , Wallace Jenelle L. , Barnes Carol A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe perirhinal and lateral entorhinal cortices send prominent projections to the portion of the hippocampal CA1 subfield closest to the subiculum, but relatively little is known regarding the contributions of these cortical areas to hippocampal activity patterns. The anatomical connections of the lateral entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, as well as lesion data, suggest that these brain regions may contribute to the perception of complex stimuli such as objects. The current experiments investigated the degree to which three‐dimensional objects affect place field size and activity within the distal region (closest to the subiculum) of CA1. The activity of CA1 pyramidal cells was monitored as rats traversed a circular track that contained no objects in some conditions and three‐dimensional objects in other conditions. In the area of CA1 that receives direct lateral entorhinal input, three factors differentiated the objects‐on‐track conditions from the no‐object conditions: more pyramidal cells expressed place fields when objects were present, adding or removing objects from the environment led to partial remapping in CA1, and the size of place fields decreased when objects were present. In addition, a proportion of place fields remapped under conditions in which the object locations were shuffled, which suggests that at least some of the CA1 neurons' firing patterns were sensitive to a particular object in a particular location. Together, these data suggest that the activity characteristics of neurons in the areas of CA1 receiving direct input from the perirhinal and lateral entorhinal cortices are modulated by non‐spatial sensory input such as three‐dimensional objects. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can Turkey's general health insurance system achieve universal coverage?
Authors: Yasar Gulbiye Yenimahalleli , Ugurluoglu Ece 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis study aims to evaluate the General Health Insurance System (GHIS) in Turkey implemented since 1 October 2008, in order to assess whether the GHIS will be able to achieve its objective of universal coverage. Both the breadth and depth of coverage will be taken into account.The study notes out that some socio‐economic problems, such as a significant informal economy, high unemployment rate, inefficiency in the creation of adequate employment opportunities, inequitable income distribution, and widespread poverty, are the main problems preventing the GHIS from reaching breadth of coverage in Turkey. Contribution conditions for entitlement to health services prevent the GHIS from providing breadth of coverage too. Out‐of‐pocket payments, which are higher than in European and OECD countries, narrow the depth of coverage, but the GHIS brings additional user fees.Statistics show that despite its objective, the GHIS struggles to provide universal coverage. It seems the GHIS will not be able to provide universal coverage in the near future because of the socio‐economic conditions and conditions for entitlement to health services.In this case the government will either introduce radical arrangements to cope with the socio‐economic problems and issues with the funding system or should consider switching from an insurance‐based system towards a tax‐based system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of Northern Hemisphere lake‐ice cover and lake‐water thermal structure patterns to a changing climate
Authors: Dibike Yonas , Prowse Terry , Saloranta Tuomo , Ahmed Roxanne 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe formation and break‐up of ice‐cover are important seasonal events in mid‐ to high‐latitude cold‐region lakes. There is increasing concern regarding how climate change will affect lake‐water thermal structure and lake‐ice characteristics, particularly ice formation, duration, break‐up, thickness, and composition. This study employs a one‐dimensional process‐based multi‐year lake ice model, MyLake, to simulate the evolution of the Northern Hemisphere lake‐ice and thermal structure patterns under a changing climate. After testing the model on Baker Lake located in Nunavut Canada, large‐scale simulations were conducted over the major land masses of the Northern Hemisphere subarctic regions between 40° and 75°N using hypothetical lakes positioned at 2·5° latitude and longitude resolution. For the baseline period of 1960–1999, the lake‐ice model was driven by gridded atmospheric forcings from the ERA‐40 global reanalysis data set while atmospheric model forcings corresponding to future (2040–2079) climate were obtained by modifying the ERA‐40 data according to the Canadian Global Climate Model projection based on the SRES A2 emissions scenario. Analysis of the modelling results indicates that lake‐ice freeze‐up timing will be delayed by 5–20 days and break‐up will be advanced by approximately 10–30 days, thereby resulting in an overall decrease in lake‐ice duration by about 15–50 days. Maximum lake‐ice thickness will also be reduced by 10–50 cm. The change in maximum snow depth on the lake‐ice ranges between − 15 to + 5 cm, while the change in white‐ice thickness ranges between − 20 to + 10 cm depending on the geographic location and other climate parameters. The future warming will also result in an overall increase in lake‐water temperature, with summer stratification starting earlier and extending later into the year. Copyright © 2011 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges and advances in treating hoarding
Authors: Tolin David F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article introduces an issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session devoted to understanding, assessing, and treating hoarding disorder (HD). After a case example is presented, the proposed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition criteria for HD are discussed, and the problems associated with hoarding are discussed from a psychotherapeutic and public health perspective. The articles in this issue are then outlined and summarized. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 67:1–5, 2011.
A longitudinal study of household change on African American adolescents
Authors: Barnett Tracey E. , Rowley Stephanie , Zimmerman Marc A. , Vansadia Preeti , Howard Caldwell Cleopatra 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFew studies have examined the effects of household change on adolescent development. We study household composition change and its effect on development, as measured by both internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors, in a sample of urban African American adolescents. Household change was defined based on the movement in or out of the household of one of the 2 most important adults adolescents named. We found 25% of adolescents reported changes in their household composition over the 4 years of high school. Youth who experienced change reported more internalizing symptoms and externalizing behavior than youth who did not experience change. Those reporting important people leaving their household had the greatest negative outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel evidence that testosterone promotes cell proliferation and differentiation via G protein‐coupled receptors in the rat L6 skeletal muscle myoblast cell line
Authors: Fu Rui , Liu Jiali , Fan Jingjing , Li Ruiguo , Li Defa , Yin Jingdong , Cui Sheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAndrogens are known to modulate the skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation processes. Recent in vitro studies have shown that dihydrotestosterone and anabolic steroids have functions in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of the mouse skeletal muscle myoblast C2C12 cell line through the classical androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. But there are contradictory reports that androgen plays its roles through the membrane signaling pathways. In the present study, we show that there is no expression of the classical AR in L6 cells both at gene and protein levels. We then investigated the effects of testosterone (T) on L6 cell proliferation and differentiation. The results show that T promotes L6 cell proliferation after a 24 h treatment, which followed by enhancing L6 cell differentiation, but these effects are not inhibited by flutamide (F), an antagonist of intracellular AR. Further, we tested the effect of testosterone covalently bounding to albumin (T‐BSA), which does not cross the plasma membrane. The results demonstrate that T‐BSA and free T have similar effects on L6 cell proliferation and differentiation, and that these effects involve G protein‐coupled receptors and different downstream pathways. The L6 cell proliferation induced by T involves PKC and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and cell differentiation happens via the PKA signaling pathway. These results suggest that T promotes cell proliferation and differentiation via G protein‐coupled receptors and different downstream pathways in the L6 cell line, although the related molecular mechanisms need to be elucidated in future studies. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 98–107, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estrogen‐responsive nitroso‐proteome in uterine artery endothelial cells: Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and estrogen receptor‐β
Authors: Zhang Hong‐hai , Feng Lin , Wang Wen , Magness Ronald R. , Chen Dong‐bao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCovalent adduction of a NO moiety to cysteines (S‐nitrosylation or SNO) is a major route for NO to directly regulate protein functions. In uterine artery endothelial cells (UAEC), estradiol‐17β (E2) rapidly stimulated protein SNO that maximized within 10–30 min post‐E2 exposure. E2‐bovine serum albumin stimulated protein SNO similarly. Stimulation of SNO by both was blocked by ICI 182, 780, implicating mechanisms linked to specific estrogen receptors (ERs) localized on the plasma membrane. E2‐induced protein SNO was attenuated by selective ERβ, but not ERα, antagonists. A specific ERβ but not ERα agonist was able to induce protein SNO. Overexpression of ERβ, but not ERα, significantly enhanced E2‐induced SNO. Overexpression of both ERs increased basal SNO, but did not further enhance E2‐stimulated SNO. E2‐induced SNO was inhibited by N‐nitro‐L‐arginine‐methylester and specific endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) siRNA. Thus, estrogen‐induced SNO is mediated by endogenous NO via eNOS and mainly ERβ in UAEC. We further analyzed the nitroso‐proteomes by CyDye switch technique combined with two‐dimensional (2D) fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. Numerous nitrosoprotein (spots) were visible on the 2D gel. Sixty spots were chosen and subjected to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry. Among the 54 identified, nine were novel SNO‐proteins, 32 were increased, eight were decreased, and the rest were unchanged by E2. Tandom MS identified Cys139 as a specific site for SNO in GAPDH. Pathway analysis of basal and estrogen‐responsive nitroso‐proteomes suggested that SNO regulates diverse protein functions, directly implicating SNO as a novel mechanism for estrogen to regulate uterine endothelial function and thus uterine vasodilatation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 146–159, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells protect hair cells from aminoglycoside
Authors: Yoshida Atsuhiro , Kitajiri Shin‐Ichiro , Nakagawa Takayuki , Hashido Kento , Inaoka Takatoshi , Ito Juichi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic paracrine activity of adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs). This study aimed to examine the ADSC potential for protecting auditory hair cells from aminoglycoside toxicity via paracrine of multiple growth factors and cytokines.Study Design:Experimental study.Methods:We assessed hair cell protection from neomycin toxicity by ADSC‐derived factors using an explant culture system, in which cochlear explants and ADSCs were separated by a culture mesh insert to avoid direct contact. We measured the levels of growth factors and cytokines in ADSC culture media using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Neomycin induced severe degeneration of auditory hair cells in cochlear explants, but co‐culture with ADSCs significantly increased the number of surviving hair cells in explants. ELISA analysis revealed that ADSCs secreted insulin‐like growth factor‐1, nerve growth factor, vascular epithelial growth factor, transforming growth factor β1, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, and most prominently hepatocyte growth factor.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that ADSCs have the capacity to protect auditory hair cells, and can be a useful strategy to develop therapy for deafness in the clinic. The multiple paracrine growth factors and cytokines secreted by ADSCs might be involved in this effect. Laryngoscope, 2011
Pediatric endoscopic airway management with posterior cricoid rib grafting
Authors: Provenzano Matthew J. , Hulstein Stephanie L. , Solomon Donald H. , Bauman Nancy M. , Manaligod Jose M. , Kacmarynski Deborah S. F. , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To confirm and extend reported successful treatment of posterior glottic stenosis in pediatric patients using endoscopic laser division of the posterior cricoid plate with augmentation using costal cartilage.Study Design:A retrospective chart review and case series.Methods:Medical records were examined to determine the surgical indications, outcomes, and postoperative complications of this procedure.Results:Twelve patients underwent the procedure, six females and six males, with an average age of 7 years (range, 2–26 years). There were 8/12 (67%) patients successfully decannulated after being tracheostomy dependent. There were no consistent anatomic abnormalities or surgical findings predictive of failure to decannulate. Average hospital stay was 3.6 days (range, 2–9 days). There were no deaths or other major complications; one patient had extrusion.Conclusions:Endoscopic posterior cricoid grafting is a valuable surgical option for patients with posterior glottic stenosis. The procedure is associated with low morbidity and permits decannulation in the majority of patients.
The role of sales beliefs in facilitating experiential learning: An empirical study of Japanese salespeople
Authors: Matsuo Makoto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe purposes of this research were to examine developmental experience at different career stages and to clarify the role of sales beliefs in promoting experiential learning of salespeople. By applying the theoretical framework of expertise research and cognitive psychology, data from Japanese real estate salespeople were analyzed. Results suggest that (1) experiential learning is activated in the later stage (from 6 to 10 years) of a career, and (2) salespeople who balance customer and goal achievement orientations learn from others in the early stage (from 1 to 5 years) of their careers. A discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications is presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gay men's identity attempt pathway and its implication on consumption
Authors: Hsieh Ming Huei , Wu Shu Ling 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper integrates sociological and psychological perspectives to examine gay consumption practices in relation to the dynamics of gay identity development. Specifically, this paper investigates how internal motivational factors underlying gay identity formation and external social influence work in concert to affect gay identity attempts throughout the gay identity development process. The findings of this study reveal that the consumption patterns of gay men are continuously evolving and correspond to attempts at discovering, disclosing, constructing, maintaining, (re)constructing, suppressing, and/or disposing the gay social identity. Precipitated by individual differences, two divergent pathways—the linear progression and pendular progression pathways—of identity attempts emerged from the gay identity development process. The data used in this study were collected through in‐depth interviews with gay men in Taiwan, where homosexuality is traditionally stigmatized but is gradually gaining acceptance with the global emergence and spread of the gay subculture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A film of patients with movement disorders made in Queen Square, London in the Mid‐1920s by Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson
Authors: Reynolds E. H. , Healy D. G. , Lees A. J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Through Edward Reynolds' collaboration with Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson's (SAKW) son, James, on Babylonian neurology and psychiatry, and his contact with James' nephew, Jim, grandson of SAKW, a remarkable film of patients with movement disorders, made by SAKW in the mid‐1920s, has come to light.Methods/Results:The 20‐min silent film with captions by SAKW includes patients with senile tremor, Parkinson's disease and postencephalitic parkinsonism, hemiballismus, Huntington's chorea, Sydenham's chorea, hysterical palsy and tremor, multiple sclerosis, and progressive lenticular degeneration. Most of the patients are filmed in the square outside the National Hospital. The British Film Institute dates the film to 1924 and the captions to 1925. The case records of 6 of the 14 patients, who were admitted to the National Hospital, Queen Square, under the care of Dr. SAKW have been identified and summarized.Discussion:SAKW may have been stimulated and facilitated to make this film through his personal contact with Charlie Chaplin with whom he stayed at his Californian estate, probably in the summer of 1924. The first films of neurological patients were made in Europe and USA at the beginning of the 20th century, although most have perished. This may be one of the oldest examples from UK. It is also notable for the inclusion of Wilson's disease and a brief shot of SAKW himself. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society