bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion and sorption of neptunium(V) in compacted montmorillonite: effects of carbonate and salinity
Authors: Tachi Y. , Nakazawa T. , Ochs Michael , Yotsuji K. , Suyama T. , Seida Y. , Yamada N. , Yui Mikazu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDiffusion and sorption of radionuclides in compacted bentonite/montmorillonite are key processes in the safe geological disposal of radioactive waste. In this study, the effects of carbonate and salinity on neptunium(V) diffusion and sorption in compacted sodium montmorillonite were investigated by experimental and modeling approaches. Effective diffusion coefficients (De) and distribution coefficients (Kd) of237Np(V) in sodium montmorillonite compacted to a dry density of 800 kg m−3were measured under four chemical conditions with different salinities (0.05/0.5 M NaCl) and carbonate concentrations (0/0.01 M NaHCO3).Devalues for carbonate-free conditions were of the order of 10−10–10−11 m2s−1and decreased as salinity increased, and those for carbonate conditions were of the order of 10−11–10−12 m2s−1and showed the opposite dependence. Diffusion-derivedKdvalues for carbonate-free conditions were higher by one order of magnitude than those for carbonate conditions. Diffusion and sorption behaviors were interpreted based on mechanistic models by coupling thermodynamic aqueous speciation, thermodynamic sorption model (TSM) based on ion exchange, and surface complexation reactions, and a diffusion model based on electrical double layer (EDL) theory in homogeneous narrow pores. The model predicted the experimentally observed tendency ofDeandKdqualitatively, as a result of the following mechanisms; 1) the dominant aqueous species are NpO2+and NpO2CO3−for carbonate-free and carbonate conditions, respectively, 2) the effects of cation excess and anion exclusion result in opposite tendencies ofDefor salinity, 3) higher carbonate in solution inhibits sorption due to the formation of carbonate complexes.
Mechanisms of plutonium sorption to mineral oxide surfaces: new insights with implications for colloid-enhanced migration
Authors: Schwantes J. M. , Santschi Peter H. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
New equilibrium and kinetic models have been developed to describe rate-limited sorption and desorption of Pu onto and off of mineral oxide surfaces using a generic approach to estimate sorption constants that require minimal laboratory calibrations. Equilibrium reactions describing a total of six surface species were derived from a combination of empirical relationships previously described in the literature and generated as part of this work. These sorption reactions and corresponding equilibrium constants onto goethite (and silica) are:
≡SOH + Pu3+ ↔ ≡SOPu2+ + H+, logߙK = −2.1(−10)  (1)
≡SOH + Pu4+ ↔ ≡SOPu3+ + H+, logߙK = 15.3(7.2)  (2)
≡SOH + PuO2
+ ↔ ≡SOPuO2 + H+, logߙK = −8.5(−16.5)  (3)
≡SOH + PuO2
2+ ↔ ≡SOPuO2
+ + H+, logߙK = 1.2(−6.5)  (4)
≡SOH + Pu4+ + 3H2O ↔ ≡SOPu(OH)3 + 4H+, logߙK = 12.5(4.6)  (5)
≡SOH + Pu4+ + 4H2O ↔ ≡SOPu(OH)4
− + 5H+, logߙK = 5.0(−2.3)  (6)
The kinetic model decouples reduced (III, IV) and oxidized (V, VI) forms of Pu via a single rate-limiting, but reversible, surface mediated reaction:...
Understanding uranium behaviour at the Askola uranium mineralization
Authors: Jokelainen Lalli , Markovaara-Koivisto Mira , Read David , Lindberg Antero , Siitari-Kauppi Marja , Hellmuth Karl-Heinz 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Understanding the behaviour of uranium is essential when assessing the safety of a spent nuclear fuel repository. The geochemical behaviour of uranium, including its reactive transport chemistry, is also a matter of concern when assessing the environmental impact of uranium mining. Subsurface uranium mobility is believed to be primarily controlled by dissolution and (co)-precipitation of uranium mineral solids and adsorption to mineral surfaces.
This paper describes a modelling exercise based on characterisation of samples taken from drilled cores at the uranium mineralization at Askola, Southern Finland. In the modelling exercise, current conditions are assumed to be oxidizing and saturated with groundwater. PHREEQC was used for modelling in conjunction with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory database, chosen for its extensive coverage of uranium species and mineral phases.
It is postulated that weathering processes near the surface have led to uranium dissolution from the primary ore, leaching out from the matrix and migrating along water-conducting fractures with subsequent re-diffusion into the rock matrix. Electron microscopy studies show that precipitated uranium occupies intra-granular fractures in feldspars and quartz. In addition, secondary uranium was found to be distributed within goethite nodules as well as around the margins of iron-containing minerals in the form of silicate and phosphate precipitates. Equilibrium modelling calculations predict that uranium would be precipitated as uranyl silicates, most likely soddyite and uranophane, in the prevailing chemical conditions beneath Lakeakallio hill.
Adolescents' Needs for Health Care Privacy
Authors: Britto Maria T. , Tivorsak Tanya L. , Slap Gail B. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To understand adolescents' preferences for multidimensional aspects of privacy, including psychological, social, and physical, and confidentiality (informational privacy) in the health care setting.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifty-four adolescents with and without chronic illness participated in 12 focus groups composed of participants of the same age (11–14 or 15–19 years), gender, and health status. Health care preferences, including privacy and confidentiality, were discussed, and themes were determined. On the basis of a literature review, Burgoon's framework best represented participant feedback. The data were categorized as representations of informational, psychological, social, or physical privacy.

RESULTS:
Maintaining informational privacy (ie, keeping information confidential) was most salient to the adolescents. Younger adolescents were concerned with information being disclosed to others (ie, health care providers), whereas older adolescents worried more about information being disclosed to parents. Other privacy aspects (psychological, social, and physical) also were important. To protect psychological privacy, adolescents were cautious about revealing sensitive information for fear of being judged by providers. To protect social privacy, they were reluctant to talk with unfamiliar or multiple providers, and they did not want to discuss issues they perceived as unrelated to their health care. Adolescents who commented about physical privacy said that they thought about their physical safety during physical examinations, as well as their visibility to others, and said that they were more comfortable when examinations were performed by female rather than male providers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Adolescents value all aspects of privacy. Providers should address not only informational but also psychological, social, and physical privacy to improve the care of adolescent patients.
Febrile Infants With Urinary Tract Infections at Very Low Risk for Adverse Events and Bacteremia
Authors: Schnadower David , Kuppermann Nathan , Macias Charles G. , Freedman Stephen B. , Baskin Marc N. , Ishimine Paul , Scribner Camille , Okada Pamela , Beach Heather , Bulloch Blake , Agrawal Dewesh , Saunders Mary , Sutherland Donna M. , Blackstone Mercedes M. , Sarnaik Amit , McManemy Julie , Brent Alison , Bennett Jonathan , Plymale Jennifer M. , Solari Patrick , Mann Deborah J. , Dayan Peter S. ,   for the American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:There is limited evidence from which to derive guidelines for the management of febrile infants aged 29 to 60 days with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Most such infants are hospitalized for ≥48 hours. Our objective was to derive clinical prediction models to identify febrile infants with UTIs at very low risk of adverse events and bacteremia in a large sample of patients.METHODS:This study was a 20-center retrospective review of infants aged 29 to 60 days with temperatures of ≥38°C and culture-proven UTIs. We defined UTI by growth of ≥50 000 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of a single pathogen or ≥10 000 CFU/mL in association with positive urinalyses. We defined adverse events as death, shock, bacterial meningitis, ICU admission need for ventilator support, or other substantial complications. We performed binary recursive partitioning analyses to derive prediction models.RESULTS:We analyzed 1895 patients. Adverse events occurred in 51 of 1842 (2.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1%–3.6%)] and bacteremia in 123 of 1877 (6.5% [95% CI: 5.5%–7.7%]). Patients were at very low risk for adverse events if not clinically ill on emergency department (ED) examination and did not have a high-risk past medical history (prediction model sensitivity: 98.0% [95% CI: 88.2%–99.9%]). Patients were at lower risk for bacteremia if they were not clinically ill on ED examination, did not have a high-risk past medical history, had a peripheral band count of &lt;1250 cells per μL, and had a peripheral absolute neutrophil count of ≥1500 cells per μL (sensitivity 77.2% [95% CI: 68.6%–84.1%]).CONCLUSION:Brief hospitalization or outpatient management with close follow-up may be considered for infants with UTIs at very low risk of adverse events.
Intramarrow Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Gene Delivery Improves Local Bone Quality in Femurs of Ovariectomized Rabbits
Authors: Hsiao Wen‐Kai , Yew Tu‐Lai , Lai Yu‐Lin , Lee Shyh‐Yuan , Chen Hen‐Li 
Published: November 2010

Background: Poor bone quality at implant recipient site is a major risk factor for implant failure. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of intramarrow bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) gene delivery for local bone quality improvement.Methods: Adenoviral vector encoding human BMP4 (Ad‐BMP4) was constructed. Adenovirus encoding β‐galactosidase (Ad‐LacZ) was used as a control virus. Ad‐BMP4 and Ad‐LacZ were injected into femurs of ovariectomized rabbits. The temporal changes in bone mineral density at injected areas were determined by repeated measurements by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after injection. The effects of gene delivery on cortical bone and cancellous bone were evaluated by microcomputed tomography analysis and histologic examination at 8 weeks.Results: The bone mineral density of the BMP4 group was significantly higher than the LacZ group at 4 and 8 weeks by 61% and 35%, respectively. Results from microcomputed tomography analysis and histologic examination at 8 weeks indicated thicker cortical bone and denser cancellous bone in the BMP4 group compared to the LacZ group.Conclusions: Intramarrow gene delivery of BMP4 effectively improved local bone quality for at least 8 weeks. The sustained delivery of osteogenic factors via local gene therapy approach may reduce implant failures associated with poor local bone quality.
Acute Myocardial Infarction is Reflected in Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Activation Level
Authors: Buduneli Eralp , Mäntylä Päivi , Emingil Gülnur , Tervahartiala Taina , Pussinen Pirkko , Barış Nezihi , Akıllı Azem , Atilla Gül , Sorsa Timo 
Published: November 2010

Background: The aim of this study is to compare salivary and serum biomarker levels and degrees of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation between patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and systemically healthy patients (non‐AMI) with similar periodontal conditions.Methods: A total of 92 patients (47 AMI and 28 non‐AMI patients with gingivitis or periodontitis; and 17 systemically and periodontally healthy patients as a control group) were recruited. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded; stimulated whole saliva and serum samples were collected. AMI patients were clinically examined within 3 to 4 days after admission to the coronary care unit. Saliva samples were analyzed for levels of MMP‐8, MMP‐7, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1. Serums were tested for MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 levels by immunofluorometric assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular forms and degree of activation of salivary MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and MMP‐13 were analyzed by computer‐scanned immunoblots.Results: Total salivary MMP‐8 assessed by immunofluorometric assay method and immunoblot densitometric units was higher in non‐AMI than in AMI patients' saliva but a significantly higher percentage of AMI patients was activated polymorphonuclear leukocyte type (PMN) MMP‐8 (P <0.001) regardless of periodontal diagnosis. Serum MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐1 levels were significantly higher in AMI (for all markers and all comparisons, P <0.05). Characteristic for AMI was dominance of active PMN MMP‐8 in saliva.Conclusions: Enhanced MMP‐8 activation in the saliva of AMI patients is evidently, in part, of systemic origin. Consequently, AMI is reflected in serum but also in saliva.
Interleukin‐8 Gene Promoter Polymorphism (rs4073) May Contribute to Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Andia Denise C. , de Oliveira Naila F. P. , Letra Ariadne M. , Nociti Francisco H. , Line Sergio R. P. , de Souza Ana P. 
Published: November 2010

Background: The proinflammatory chemokine interleukin (IL)‐8 is important in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Analyses of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reference sequence (rs) 4073 showed that the A allele upregulated IL‐8 levels after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides. We investigated the association of the SNP rs4073 with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Genotyping was performed by a standard polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assay in 289 genomic DNA samples of healthy control subjects and patients with chronic periodontitis; analyses were adjusted by multivariate logistic regression modeling. A real‐time polymerase chain reaction performance was used to detect levels of the IL‐8 mRNA.Results: The analysis pointed to a statistically significant association of chronic periodontitis with the heterozygous TA genotype (P = 0.001); the results showed an increase in the frequency of the A allele in the diseased group (36% in the control group versus 48% in the periodontitis group). The higher levels of the IL‐8 mRNA were found in the periodontitis group, mainly in individuals who presented the TA genotype (P = 0.03).Conclusion: The SNP rs4073 was associated with chronic periodontitis in non‐smoker Brazilian subjects because the frequency of the A allele was higher in the disease group than in the control group, and the TA genotype was associated with increased levels of IL‐8 mRNA transcripts.
Protection of segetal flora and vegetation in Poland (historical outline)
Authors: Siciński Jan , Sieradzki Jarosław 
Published: November 2010

Protection of segetal flora and vegetation in Poland (historical outline)
The flora associated with crop land maintained a stable species composition for many centuries until the 1960s when profound and fast changes occured due to human activity. Factors that destructively affect given species, but also whole field communities, are: continuous chemicalization of agriculture (i.e. application of crop protection substances, pesticides, and mainly herbicides, as well as spreading of high doses of mineral fertilizers on crop land), introduction of sewing material that is completely purified from weed seeds, introduction of new races of crop plants, simplification of crop rotation patterns, introduction of new techniques of soil and plant cultivation and draining of cultivated fields. These factors have caused various transformations of the field flora, often abruptly and chaotically, such as the disappearance of numerous weed species. The rate of these transformations varies from country to country, region to region, and even field to field. These facts have made numerous investigators pay much interest to the conservation of the segetal flora, both in cultivated land and in preserved areas, such as national and landscape parks, botanical gardens and open-air museums. The problem of transformations in the segetal flora vegetation is a very important one both from the utilitarian and ‘nature conservation’ point of view.
Continuous-time dynamic system identification with multisine random excitation revisited
Authors: Figwer Jarosław 
Published: November 2010

Continuous-time dynamic system identification with multisine random excitation revisitedThe paper presents a new, revisited and unified approach to a linear continuous-time dynamic single-input single-output system identification using input and output signal samples acquired with a deterministic constant or random sampling interval. The approach is based on a specially designed identification experiment with excitation of the form of a continuous-time multisine random excitation and digital processing of the corresponding signal samples obtained without analogue antialiasing filtration in the case of disturbances satisfying or not satisfying the Shannon's sampling theorem. Properties of the proposed approach are discussed taking into account nonlinearity of the excitation generation and data acquisition systems with a focus on model identification in the case of input and output signal levels comparable with data acquisition system accuracy. Methods reducing influence of the disturbances (including aliasing) as well as nonlinearities of the excitation generation and data acquisition systems on identification results are proposed, too.
Exponential stability of networked control systems with network-induced random delays
Authors: Krokavec Dusan , Filasová Anna 
Published: November 2010

Exponential stability of networked control systems with network-induced random delaysIn this paper, the problem of exponential stability for the standard form of the state control, realized in a networked control system structure, is studied. To deal with the problem of stability analysis of the event-time-driven modes in the networked control systems the delayed-dependent exponential stability conditions are reformulated and proven. Based on the delay-time dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, exponential stability criteria are derived. These criteria are expressed as a set of linear matrix inequalities and their structure can be modified to use the bilinear inequality techniques.
Decomposition of the pairs (A, B) and (A, C) of positive discrete-time linear systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: November 2010

Decomposition of the pairs (A, B) and (A, C) of positive discrete-time linear systemsA new test for checking the reachability (observability) of positive discrete-time linear systems is proposed. Conditions are established under which the unreachable pair (A, B) and the unobservable pair (A, C) of positive discrete-time system can be decomposed into reachable and unreachable parts and observable and unobservable parts, respectively. It is shown that the transfer matrix of the positive system is equal to the transfer matrix of its reachable (observable) part.
Stator inter-turn fault detection of an induction motor using neuro-fuzzy techniques
Authors: Dash Rudra , Subudhi Bidyadhar 
Published: November 2010

Stator inter-turn fault detection of an induction motor using neuro-fuzzy techniquesMotivated by the superior performances of neural networks and neuro-fuzzy approaches to fault detection of a single phase induction motor, this paper studies the applicability these two approaches for detection of stator inter-turn faults in a three phase induction motor. Firstly, the paper develops an adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) detection strategy and then compares its performance with that of using a multi layer perceptron neural network (MLP NN) applied to stator inter-turn fault detection of a three phase induction motor. The fault location process is based on the monitoring the three phase shifts between the line current and the phase voltage of the induction machine.
Waist-to-height ratio and socio-demographic characteristics of Bangladeshi adults
Authors: Flora Meerjady Sabrina , Mascie-Taylor CGN , Rahman Mahmudur 
Published: November 2010

Anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Controversy remains regarding the best anthropometric indices for cardiovascular risk. Waist-to-height ratio has been reported to be an effective predictor of metabolic risks and it may be a better measure of relative fat distribution amongst subjects of different age and statures. Bangladeshi data lack in this perspective. To determine waist-to-height ratio of Bangladeshi adults along with its variation with socio-economic status, cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003. Data were collected through interviewing and measuring height and waist circumference of 22,995 adult males and females of an urban (Mirpur, Dhaka City) and rural area (Kaliganj sub-district). The mean waist-to-height ratio of 0.48 significantly varied with socio-demographic variables and it was markedly higher in females, older age groups, urban residents and the better educated. Urban residents, females, older people, better educational status, the non-paid and married individuals were more likely to have high waist-toheight ratio (≥0.5). High waist-to-height ratio levels using sex-specific cut-offs were more common in females, urban residents, Christians, older individuals, married, the better educated and the nonpaid. Age and locality were identified as best predictors in males and females, respectively. Key words: Waist-to-height ratio; adult; Bangladeshi DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6496Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 49-58
Médiation(s) : quelques remarques sur un terme pluriel
Authors: Chini Danielle 
Published: November 2010

La multiplicité des emplois directs ou dérivés du terme médiation est un signe du flou qui entoure ce concept, sa prise en compte se réduisant souvent à l'analyse de ses implications méthodologiques et technologiques. Or la médiation est un concept cognitif qui ne prend tout son sens que dans le cadre socio-constructiviste. Elle suppose avant tout un étayage social ainsi qu'un processus de contrôle et de re-médiation par le biais du langage, et vise la valorisation des capacités de l'apprenant et, à terme, son autonomisation. Dans le cadre de l'approche communicative cependant, on l'assimile trop souvent aux concepts d'interaction et de communication, confondant ainsi l'objectif instrumental de l'apprentissage et le cadre cognitif de son développement. Or toute interaction n'est pas cognitive. Pour qu'il en soit ainsi il faut créer, grâce à un guidage raisonné, une dynamique maïeutique susceptible de conduire l'apprenant à découvrir l'objet d'apprentissage mais aussi à comprendre et gérer ses propres processus mentaux. Entre médiation enseignante et autorégulation, il n'y a donc pas de différence de nature mais un continuum : la médiation constitue un processus complexe mais unique qu'il ne faut pas limiter aux divers supports et techniques qui lui servent d'outils.