bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation‐Induced Molecular Processes in DNA: A Perspective on Gas‐Phase Interaction Studies
Authors: Schlathölter Thomas , Poully Jean‐Christophe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStudying the direct effects of DNA irradiation is essential for understanding the impact of radiation on biological systems. Gas‐phase interactions are especially well suited to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying these direct effects. Only relatively recently, isolated DNA oligonucleotides were irradiated by ionizing particles such as VUV or X‐ray photons or ion beams, and ionic products were analyzed by mass spectrometry. This article provides a comprehensive review of primarily experimental investigations in this field over the past decade, emphasizing the description of processes such as ionization, fragmentation, charge and hydrogen transfer triggered by photoabsorption or ion collision, and the recent progress made thanks to specific atomic photoabsorption. Then, we outline ongoing experimental developments notably involving ion‐mobility spectrometry, crossed beams or time‐resolved measurements. The discussion extends to potential research directions for the future.
Semisynthetic Glycoconjugates as Potential Vaccine Candidates Against Haemophilus influenzae Type a
Authors: Kohout Claudia V. , Del Bino Linda , Petrosilli Laura , D'Orazio Giuseppe , Romano Maria R. , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Adamo Roberto , Lay Luigi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlycoconjugate vaccines are based on chemical conjugation of pathogen‐associated carbohydrates with immunogenic carrier proteins and are considered a very cost‐effective way to prevent infections. Most of the licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are composed of saccharide antigens extracted from bacterial sources. However, synthetic oligosaccharide antigens have become a promising alternative to natural polysaccharides with the advantage of being well‐defined structures providing homogeneous conjugates. Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) is responsible for a number of severe diseases. In recent years, an increasing rate of invasive infections caused by Hi serotype a (Hia) raised some concern, because no vaccine targeting Hia is currently available. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Hia is constituted by phosphodiester‐linked 4‐β‐d‐glucose‐(1→4)‐d‐ribitol‐5‐(PO4→) repeating units and is the antigen for protein‐conjugated polysaccharide vaccines. To investigate the antigenic potential of the CPS from Hia, we synthesized related saccharide fragments containing up to five repeating units. Following the synthetic optimization of the needed disaccharide building blocks, they were assembled using the phosphoramidite approach for the installation of the phosphodiester linkages. The resulting CPS‐based Hia oligomers were conjugated to CRM197 carrier protein and evaluated in vivo for their immunogenic potential, showing that all glycoconjugates were capable of raising antibodies recognizing Hia synthetic fragments.
Towards Sustainable Materials: A Review of Acylhydrazone Chemistry for Reversible Polymers
Authors: Ramimoghadam Donya , Eyckens Daniel J. , Evans Richard A. , Moad Graeme , Holmes Susan , Simons Ranya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTransitioning towards a circular economy, extensive research has focused on dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) to pave the way for more sustainable materials. These bonds enable debonding and rebonding on demand, as well as facilitating end‐of‐life recycling. Acylhydrazone/hydrazone chemistry offers a material with high stability under neutral and basic conditions making it a promising candidate for materials research, though the material is susceptible to acid degradation. However, this degradation under acidic conditions can be exploited, making it widely applicable in self‐healing and biomedical fields, with potential for reprocessing and recycling. This review highlights studies exploring the reversibility of acylhydrazone/hydrazone bonds in various polymers, altering their properties, and utilizing them in applications such as self‐healing, reprocessing, and recycling. The review also focuses on how the mechanical properties are affected by the presence of dynamic linkages, and methods to improve the mechanical performance.
A Simply Synthesized Shaking‐induced Small Molecule System with Repeatable and Instantaneous Discoloration Response
Authors: Yan Yujie , Liu Tiannan , Zhang Jiale , Zhao Hang , Chen Qianming , Wang Jiongke , Liu Jiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractForce‐related discoloration materials are highly valuable because of their characteristics of visualization, easy operation, and environment friendliness. Most force‐related discoloration materials focus on polymers and depend on bond scission, which leads to insensitivity and unrecoverable. Small‐molecule systems based on well‐defined molecular structures and simple composition with high sensitivity would exhibit considerable mechanochromic potential. However, to date, researches about force‐related discoloration materials based on small molecule solution remain limited and are rarely reported. In this study, we developed a repeatable and instantaneous discoloration small molecule solution system by simple one‐pot synthesis method. It exhibited an instantaneous chromic change from yellowish to dark green under shaking and reverting back to yellow within 1 minute after removal of the shaking. Experimental results confirmed that the discoloration mechanism is attributed to the oscillation accelerating the production of unstable ortho‐OH phenoxyl radical. The newly developed shaking‐induced discoloration small molecule system (SDSMS) promises in field of mechanical force sensing and optical encryption.
In‐plane ferroelectrics enabling reduced hysteresis in monolayer MoS2 transistors
Authors: Yuan Mingxuan , Zhang Binbin , Cai Jiliang , Zhang Jiaqi , Lu Yue , Qiao Shuo , Cao Kecheng , Deng Hao , Ji Qingqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as monolayer MoS2, has emerged as a profound material platform in the post‐Moore era due to their versatile applications for high‐performance transistors, memories, photodetectors, neuristors, and so on. Nevertheless, the inherent defects in these atomically thin materials have given rise to significant hysteresis in their field‐effect transistors (FETs), resulting in shifted threshold voltages and elevated power consumptions not only on single‐device levels but also at circuitry scales. We herein report that, by vertically integrating an in‐plane ferroelectric, NbOCl2, with monolayer MoS2 FETs, the hysteresis in both the output and transfer curves of the latter can be greatly suppressed, which we attribute to compensated electromigration currents by the polarization currents of the 2D ferroelectric. This work opens a new avenue to hysteresis‐free 2D transistors without necessitating defect‐free channels, thus allowing for their use in high driving‐voltage scenarios such as power electronics.
Fluorogenic Reaction Probes Defect Sites on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zuo Li , Hossain Mohammad Akter , Dubadi Rabindra , Kist Madelyn M. , Farhana Fatiha , Chen Jiao , Jaroniec Mietek , Shen Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have traditionally been utilized as industrial catalysts, finding widespread application in various chemical processes due to their exceptional stability and minimal toxicity. However, quantitatively assessing the reactive sites on TiO2 NPs remains a challenge. In this study, we employed a fluorogenic reaction to probe the apparent reactivity of TiO2 NPs. By manipulating the number of defect sites through control of hydrolysis speed and annealing temperature, we determined that the Ti(III) content is positively correlated with the reactivity of TiO2 NPs. Additionally, these Ti(III) sites could be introduced by reducing commercial TiO2 NPs using NaBH4. Our findings suggest that fluorogenic oxidation of Amplex Red is an effective method for probing defect site densities on TiO2 NPs. Utilizing single‐molecule fluorescence imaging, we demonstrated the ability to map defect site density within TiO2 nanowires. Achieving sub‐nanoparticle spatial resolution, we observed significant intraparticle and interparticle variations in the defect site distribution, leading to substantial reactivity heterogeneity.
Spectral Hole‐Burning Studies of a Mononuclear Eu(III) Complex Reveal Narrow Optical Linewidths of the 5D0→7F0 Transition and Seconds Long Nuclear Spin Lifetimes
Authors: Schlittenhardt Sören , Vasilenko Evgenij , Unni C. Vishnu , Jobbitt Nicholas , Fuhr Olaf , Hunger David , Ruben Mario , Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoordination complexes of rare‐earth ions (REI) show optical transitions with narrow linewidths enabling the creation of coherent light‐matter interfaces for quantum information processing (QIP) applications. Among the REI‐based complexes, Eu(III) complexes showing the 5D0→7F0 transition are of interest for QIP applications due to the narrow linewidths associated with the transition. Herein, we report on the synthesis, structure, and optical properties of a novel Eu(III) complex and its Gd(III) analogue composed of 2,9‐bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dpphen) and three nitrate (NO3) ligands. The Eu(III) complex—[Eu(dpphen)(NO3)3]—showed sensitized metal‐centred emission (5D0→7FJ; J=0,1,2,3, 4, 5, or 6) in the visible region, upon irradiation of the ligand‐centred band at 369 nm, with the 5D0→7F0 transition centred at 580.9 nm. Spectral hole‐burning (SHB) studies of the complex with stoichiometric Eu(III) concentration revealed a narrow homogeneous linewidth (Γh) of 1.55 MHz corresponding to a 0.205 μs long optical coherence lifetime (T2opt). Remarkably, long nuclear spin lifetimes (T1spin) of up to 41 s have been observed for the complex. The narrow optical linewidths and long T1spin lifetimes obtained for the Eu(III) complex showcase the utility of Eu(III) complexes as tuneable, following molecular engineering principles, coherent light‐matter interfaces for QIP applications.
Hemorrhagic varices around the pancreatojejunostomy site due to left‐sided portal hypertension after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A case report
Authors: Abe Yasuaki , Nabeshima Tatsuhide , Sakuta Kazuhiro , Nishise Yuko , Kuroki Michio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with combined portal vein resection sometimes causes left‐sided portal hypertension, which can be a problem. An appropriate treatment strategy for hemorrhagic ectopic varices due to left‐sided portal hypertension after PD has not yet been determined. We report a case of repeated variceal rupture around the pancreatojejunostomy site. A 65‐year‐old woman with a history of PD for pancreatic head cancer was admitted with a chief complaint of bloody stools. She was diagnosed with pancreatojejunostomy variceal rupture, and an endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection was performed. As rebleeding occurred 2 weeks after the first treatment, endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection was repeated, and hemostasis was achieved. Additionally, she had esophageal, colonic, and gastrojejunostomy varices, and the future risk of these variceal ruptures was considered very high. Hence, a splenectomy was performed to prevent rebleeding or other variceal ruptures. Endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection is a useful treatment for hemorrhagic varices around the pancreatojejunostomy site. It is also necessary to understand portal vein hemodynamics and provide appropriate additional treatment in cases of recurrent variceal rupture due to left‐sided portal hypertension after PD.
Iron deposition in gastric black spots: Clinicopathological insights and NanoSuit‐correlative light and electron microscopy analysis
Authors: Sugiura Kiichi , Kawasaki Hideya , Egami Takatoshi , Kaneko Masanao , Ishida Natsuki , Tamura Satoshi , Tani Shinya , Yamade Mihoko , Hamaya Yasushi , Osawa Satoshi , Takeuchi Hiroya , Baba Satoshi , Sugimoto Ken , Iwaizumi Moriya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesBlack spots (BSs) are lentiginous findings observed in the gastric body and fundus during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and are predominantly seen in patients undergoing Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. However, the detailed patient background and exact composition are poorly understood. This study aims to clarify the clinicopathological features of BSs, examine patient demographics, and use the NanoSuit‐correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) method combined with scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy for elemental analysis.MethodsPatients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 2017 and 2022 were included. Data on age, medications, blood tests, and H. pylori infection status were retrospectively gathered from medical records. Univariate analysis was conducted to examine BS presence, with results then used in a multivariate model to identify associated risk factors. Additionally, pathological specimens from patients with BSs were analyzed for elemental composition using the NanoSuit‐CLEM method combined with scanning electronmicroscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.ResultsAn analysis of 6778 cases identified risk factors for BSs, including older age and using proton pump inhibitors, statins, corticosteroids, and antithrombotic drugs. Endoscopically, BSs correlated with higher gastric atrophy and lower active H. pylori infection. Iron deposition at BS sites was specifically identified using NanoSuit‐CLEM.ConclusionsBSs on gastrointestinal endoscopy may indicate an absence of active H. pylori inflammation. The discovery of iron deposition within BSs using the NanoSuit‐CLEM method has offered new insights into the possible causative factors and advances our understanding of the etiology of BSs, bringing us closer to unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their formation.
Effects of floral resources on honey bee populations in Mexico: Using dietary metabarcoding to examine landscape quality in agroecosystems
Authors: Balvino‐Olvera Francisco J. , Olivares‐Pinto Ulises , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Aguilar‐Aguilar María J. , Ruiz‐Guzmán Gloria , Lobo‐Segura Jorge , Cortés‐Flores Jorge , Cristobal‐Perez E. Jacob , Martén‐Rodríguez Silvana , Patiño‐Conde Violeta , Quesada Mauricio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe decline of honey bee populations significantly impacts the human food supply due to poor pollination and yield decreases of essential crop species. Given the reduction of pollinators, research into critical landscape components, such as floral resource availability and land use change, might provide valuable information about the nutritional status and health of honey bee colonies. To address this issue, we examine the effects of landscape factors like agricultural area, urban area, and climatic factors, including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation, on honey bee hive populations and nutritional health of 326 honey bee colonies across varying landscapes in Mexico. DNA metabarcoding facilitated the precise identification of pollen from 267 plant species, encompassing 243 genera and 80 families, revealing a primary herb‐based diet. Areas characterized by high landscape diversity exhibited greater pollen diversity within the colony. Conversely, colonies situated in regions with higher proportions of agricultural and urban landscapes demonstrated lower bee density. The maximum ambient temperature outside hives positively correlated with pollen diversity, aligning with a simultaneous decrease in bee density. Conversely, higher relative humidity positively influenced both the bee density of the colony and the diversity of foraged pollen. Our national‐level study investigated pollen dietary availability and colony size in different habitat types, latitudes, climatic conditions, and varied levels and types of disturbances. This effort was taken to gain a better insight into the mechanisms driving declines in honey bee populations. This study illustrates the need for more biodiverse agricultural landscapes, the preservation of diverse habitats, and the conservation of natural and semi‐natural spaces. These measures can help to improve the habitat quality of other bee species, as well as restore essential ecosystem processes, such as pollination and pest control.
Potential distribution patterns and species richness of avifauna in rapidly urbanizing East China
Authors: Chen Wan , Wang Xuan , Cai Yuanyuan , Huang Xinglong , Li Peng , Liu Wei , Chang Qing , Hu Chaochao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, increased species extinction and habitat loss have significantly reduced biodiversity, posing a serious threat to both nature and human survival. Environmental factors strongly influence bird distribution and diversity. The potential distribution patterns and species richness offer a conservation modeling framework for policymakers to assess the effectiveness of natural protected areas (PAs) and optimize their existing ones. Very few such studies have been published that cover a large and complete taxonomic group with fine resolution at regional scale. Here, using birds as a study group, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to analyze the pattern of bird species richness in Jiangsu Province. Using an unparalleled amount of occurrence data, we created species distribution models (SDMs) for 312 bird species to explore emerging diversity patterns at a resolution of 1 km2. The gradient of species richness is steep, decreasing sharply away from water bodies, particularly in the northern part of Jiangsu Province. The migratory status and feeding habits of birds also significantly influence the spatial distribution of avian species richness. This study reveals that the regions with high potential bird species richness are primarily distributed in three areas: the eastern coastal region, the surrounding area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the surrounding area of Taihu Lake. Compared with species richness hotspots and existing PAs, we found that the majority of hotspots are well‐protected. However, only a small portion of the regions, such as coastal areas of Sheyang County in Yancheng City, as well as some regions along the Yangtze River in Nanjing and Zhenjiang, currently have relatively weak protection. Using stacked SDMs, our study reveals effective insights into diversity patterns, directly informing conservation policies and contributing to macroecological research advancements.
Life‐history evolution in the orange‐tailed skink populations living in different climates
Authors: Altunışık Abdullah , Yıldız Mehmet Zülfü , Tatlı Hatice Hale , Yalçınkaya Deniz , Akman Bahadır 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe life‐history traits of ectothermic animals can be influenced by many abiotic factors, including climate. As an ectothermic species, we questioned whether the life‐history characteristics of the orange‐tailed skink (Eumeces schneiderii) populations differ between two different environments/climates. Our findings showed that the average body size of lizards living in the Mediterranean climate zone was higher than those in the continental climate zone. However, although Mediterranean population had higher mean values regarding average age, there was no discernible difference between the two climate zone populations. When considering all populations collectively, it has been discovered that the species' maximum lifespan is 18 years. Body size notably increased with age in both populations. Through the utilization of the von Bertalanffy equation, the anticipated growth parameters portrayed a highly accurate connection between age and snout–vent length. In conclusion, lizards living in habitats characterized by milder Mediterranean climates were found to have larger body sizes than continental populations, but both populations were comparable in terms of mean age. This difference can be explained by several factors, including activation time, temperature, precipitation, food abundance, and the presence of predators.
Intraspecific variation in pollination ecology due to altitudinal environmental heterogeneity
Authors: Rodríguez‐Sánchez Gisela T. , Pelayo Roxibell C. , Soriano Pascual J. , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlant‐pollinator interactions are constrained by floral traits and available pollinators, both of which can vary across environmental gradients, with consequences for the stability of the interaction. Here, we quantified how the pollination ecology of a high‐mountain hummingbird‐pollinated plant changes across a progressively more stressful environmental gradient of the Venezuelan Andes. We compared pollination ecology between two populations of this plant: Piedras Blancas (PB) and Gavidia (GV), 4450 and 3600 m asl, respectively. We hypothesised that self‐compatibility might be higher at the higher altitude site, however we found that flowers showed similar capacities for self‐compatibility in both localities. Seed production by flowers exposed to natural pollinators was significantly higher in the lower locality, where we also found higher nectar quality, larger flowers and increased frequencies of pollinator visitations. Interestingly, the population energy offered in the nectar was the same for both localities due to the higher density and floral aggregation found in the higher altitude population. Our study demonstrates how two plant populations in different environmental conditions have different pollination ecology strategies. Pollinator visitations or their absence result in trait associations in one population that are independent in the other. These population differences are not explained by differences in pollinator assembly, but by environmental heterogeneity.
Community ecology in a bottle: Leveraging eDNA metabarcoding data to predict occupancy of co‐occurring species
Authors: Tetzlaff Sasha J. , Katz Aron D. , Johnson Mark D. , Sperry Jinelle H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDetecting environmental DNA (eDNA) of numerous organisms from the same samples has been revolutionized by metabarcoding. However, utilizing the vast amounts of data generated from metabarcoding to predict occupancy probabilities for co‐occurring species is currently rare. Here, we demonstrate how metabarcoding data can be used to advance community ecology research through a case study using replicate stream water samples and Bayesian occupancy models to test hypotheses of eDNA occurrence for a native fish (brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis), its major ectoparasite (gill lice, Salmincola edwardsii), and an introduced potential competitor (brown trout, Salmo trutta). Gill lice DNA occupancy was positively associated with brook trout biomass determined via electrofishing conducted near eDNA sampling sites, suggesting gill lice occupancy is dependent on host density. Leveraging site‐specific molecular operational taxonomic units identified from metabarcoding, DNA occupancy of trout and gill lice was often positively predicted by species richness of aquatic insect orders trout commonly feed on, which are also environmental quality indicators. Thus, high‐quality habitats that environmentally sensitive salmonids and their primary prey rely on may promote higher fish occupancy rates, further facilitating the spread of fish parasites. An increasing amount of community‐level data is being generated from global metabarcoding efforts, and we suggest our framework could be broadly implemented to enhance understanding of factors impacting distributions of co‐occurring species, reveal new ecological phenomena, and support management and conservation efforts.