bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc‐based compounds as smoke suppressant agents for an aerospace epoxy matrix
Authors: Formicola Cristina , De Fenzo Anna , Zarrelli Mauro , Giordano Michele , Antonucci Vincenza 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSmoke is considered to be the main hazard of fires involving epoxy resins but its production depends on many variables, principally the chemical character and the burning rate of the polymer plus the availability of oxygen. The work reported aimed to study the smoke suppressant effect and flammability performance of zinc‐based compounds (FR system) in epoxy matrix composites used in the aerospace and aeronautical industry. The flammability performance of neat and FR‐loaded systems was screened using microcombustion calorimetry, while smoke generation, in terms of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production, was analysed under dynamic conditions using cone calorimetry. Final results indicate that the dispersion of zinc borate and zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) into epoxy matrices leads to a significant variation in flame retardant properties reducing both total heat release by about 25 and 30%, respectively, and heat release capacity by about 30 and 50%, respectively. The system containing ZHS shows an enhancement in all smoke suppressant properties; both tin compounds (zinc stannate (ZS) and ZHS) give a reduction of CO2/CO ratio from 41 to 25 for ZS and from 41 to 36 for ZHS compared to neat matrix. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Managing management of change
Authors: Chosnek Jack 
Published: October 2010

AbstractManagement of change (MOC) is one of the areas where metrics especially need to be developed. We can ensure quality of the MOC process by recognizing the elements that are crucial to making a good MOC and using a database to accomplish the mechanics, thus freeing personnel to concentrate on the important technical review requirements.We propose that a good MOC requires three elements to be well executed; the technical description of the change, the safety analysis (which includes its review), and the Pre‐Startup Safety Review. While striving to achieve quality, it is important to manage the process efficiently. This article discusses the requirements of high‐quality MOCs, the necessary workflow to have an efficient process, and the metrics that are necessary to do a good job in managing the MOC process. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Bismuth, antimony and tellurium alloy nanoparticles with controllable shape and composition for efficient thermoelectric devices
Authors: Mott Derrick , Mai Nguyen T. , Thuy Nguyen T. B. , Maeda Youjiro , Linh Tran P. T. , Koyano Mikio , Maenosono Shinya 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe wet chemical synthesis of organic molecule encapsulated BixSbyTe100‐x‐y nanoparticles (NPs) has been demonstrated to be shape and composition controllable as a function of the organic capping species used, the particles serve as intriguing materials towards thermoelectric (TE) devices with enhanced and controllable activity. magnified image
Mixed models for data from thorough QT studies: part 1. assessment of marginal QT prolongation
Authors: Schall Robert , Ring Arne 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe investigate mixed models for repeated measures data from cross‐over studies in general, but in particular for data from thorough QT studies. We extend both the conventional random effects model and the saturated covariance model for univariate cross‐over data to repeated measures cross‐over (RMC) data; the resulting models we call the RMC model and Saturated model, respectively. Furthermore, we consider a random effects model for repeated measures cross‐over data previously proposed in the literature. We assess the standard errors of point estimates and the coverage properties of confidence intervals for treatment contrasts under the various models. Our findings suggest: (i) Point estimates of treatment contrasts from all models considered are similar; (ii) Confidence intervals for treatment contrasts under the random effects model previously proposed in the literature do not have adequate coverage properties; the model therefore cannot be recommended for analysis of marginal QT prolongation; (iii) The RMC model and the Saturated model have similar precision and coverage properties; both models are suitable for assessment of marginal QT prolongation; and (iv) The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is not a reliable criterion for selecting a covariance model for RMC data in the following sense: the model with the smallest AIC is not necessarily associated with the highest precision for the treatment contrasts, even if the model with the smallest AIC value is also the most parsimonious model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caudatin‐2,6‐dideoxy‐3‐O‐methy‐β‐d‐cymaropyranoside 1 induced apoptosis through caspase 3‐dependent pathway in human hepatoma cell line SMMC7721
Authors: Peng Yun‐ru , Ding Yong‐fang , Wei Ying‐jie , Shu Bin , Li You‐bin , Liu Xiao‐dong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCaudatin‐2,6‐dideoxy‐3‐O‐methy‐β‐d‐cymaropyranoside (CDMC), the C‐21 steroidal glycoside recently extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, the root of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight (Asclepiadaceae), has been shown to possess potent antitumor properties. However, the bioactivities of CDMC are still largely unknown, especially the antitumor effect and its mechanism. This study investigated the CDMC antitumor effects on human hepatoma cell line SMMC7721 cells by analysis of cell viability, cell cycle phases and apoptosis. The results showed that CDMC inhibited the growth of SMMC7721 cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner and resulted in cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, CDMC induced SMMC7721 cell apoptosis rather than necrosis through caspase 3 activation, and a caspase 3 inhibitor, Ac‐DEVD‐CHO, could attenuate the apoptosis induced by CDMC. The results suggested that the anticancer activity of CDMC could be attributed partially to its inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis associated with caspase 3 activation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Navigating in a hypercompetitive environment: the roles of action aggressiveness and TMT integration
Authors: Chen Ming‐Jer , Lin Hao‐Chieh , Michel John G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecognizing that both the hypercompetition and competitive dynamics research streams rely on Austrian economics and its idea of temporary advantage as an intellectual cornerstone, the present study merges these related, but thus far, disparate perspectives. It develops hypotheses that relate the intensity of the hypercompetitive environment and a firm's TMT dynamics to its action aggressiveness, or the volume and speed with which a firm engages its rivals. Using a survey‐based sample of 104 Taiwanese firms, this study's findings show that the hypercompetitive environment and TMT sociobehavioral integration have direct and interacting effects on firms' action aggressiveness. Moreover, action aggressiveness is an important mediator between TMT integration and firm performance, particularly under hypercompetitive conditions. As such, the study contributes to our understanding of temporary advantage by revealing TMT integration and action aggressiveness as two essential organizational mechanisms for navigating in the hypercompetitive context. Finally, reflective of temporary advantage as a defining feature of hypercompetition, our findings show that performance variation is greater within this context. The article contributes to hypercompetition and competitive dynamics research by providing an integrated perspective of competitive behavior within the broad context of hypercompetitive environment, TMT dynamics, and firm performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value from gestalt: how sequences of competitive actions create advantage for firms in nascent markets
Authors: Rindova Violina , Ferrier Walter J. , Wiltbank Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractResearch on competitive dynamics and hypercompetition has demonstrated the importance of firm competitive actions for disrupting industry positions and gaining competitive advantage. The effects of competitive actions in disequilibrium environments, such as nascent markets, however, have not been examined. In this paper, we argue that under conditions of high ambiguity, firms can gain competitive advantage from the Gestalt properties present in the sequences of their competitive actions. Such properties, we argue, facilitate investor sensemaking and influence their valuations. Drawing on psychological research on pattern perception and holistic information processing, we investigate the effects of four Gestalt properties—simplicity, predictability, grouping, and motif—on investor valuations of new firms competing in the nascent markets that emerged around the commercialization of the Internet in the mid‐1990s. We find support for our arguments that the dynamic properties of action sequences provide firms with advantages and that simplicity, grouping, and motif are associated with increases in the market value of high‐ambiguity firms, but not of low‐ambiguity ones. Our study advances research on competitive advantage by developing both theory and methods for studying how the dynamic, holistic properties of firms' competitive actions contribute to competitive advantage under varying levels of ambiguity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamic interplay of capability strengths and weaknesses: investigating the bases of temporary competitive advantage
Authors: Sirmon David G. , Hitt Michael A. , Arregle Jean‐Luc , Campbell Joanna Tochman 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFoundational RBV work suggests that firms possess capabilities that represent strengths and others that represent weaknesses. In contrast, contemporary research has examined capability strengths while largely ignoring weaknesses. Addressing this oversight, we examine the direct and integrated effects of sets of capability strengths and capability weaknesses on competitive advantage and its empirical correlate—relative performance. Additionally, we explore how environmental and firm‐specific factors influence change in these drivers of competitive advantage over time. Results suggest that weakness sets have a negative effect on relative performance, while strength sets have an increasingly positive effect. The integrative effects of strength and weakness sets affect relative performance in a complex manner. For example, while high strength/low weakness firms perform at high levels, firms integrating high strength with high weakness perform well, but experience considerably more variance in their realized outcomes. Lastly, we find that the strength and weakness sets change significantly over time in markets where competition is more intense, thereby undermining the durability of competitive advantage. Our theory and results indicate that achieving temporary advantage is more difficult than previously thought and that the erosion of advantage occurs routinely as a result of dynamic and interactive rivalry. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complementarity‐based hypercompetition in the software industry: Theory and empirical test, 1990–2002
Authors: Lee Chi‐Hyon , Venkatraman N. , Tanriverdi Hüseyin , Iyer Bala 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study examines the hypercompetition phenomenon within the prepackaged software industry. It theoretically develops and empirically validates the idea that dynamically changing complementarity relationships among software product markets increase industry hypercompetition. The study also explains how dynamic capabilities for the management of complementary product markets can enable an independent software vendor (ISV) to create and renew temporary advantages. Specifically, an ISV can maintain or increase its performance rank in its product markets in three ways: (1) by competing with a portfolio of strongly complementary products; (2) by forming a product market portfolio that has strong complementarity relationships with other product markets in the industry; and (3) by dynamically and purposefully responding to the changing product market complementarities: (a) reconfiguring resource allocations of its products to strengthen the complementarities of its product portfolio and (b) undertaking entry and exit moves that reposition the portfolio in a stronger complementarity position. These dynamic capabilities enable the ISV to coevolve with the changing complementarities, change and improve its performance rank, and trigger new competitive moves by rivals; and accordingly, contribute to the escalation of rivalry in the industry. The study finds support for these ideas in a study of 1,200 ISVs from 1990 to 2002. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erosion, time compression, and self‐displacement of leaders in hypercompetitive environments
Authors: Pacheco‐de‐Almeida Gonçalo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article examines how leader firms should respond to the erosion of competitive advantages caused by rapid imitation and innovation in hypercompetitive environments. On the one hand, shorter‐lived advantages induce leaders to develop new advantages faster. On the other hand, hypercompetition also erodes the expected returns from new advantages—reducing leaders' incentives to accelerate investments. Since investing faster also raises costs, this article shows that leaders often prefer to renew competitive advantages more slowly in more hypercompetitive industries—thereby increasing the probability of being displaced by competitors. This phenomenon is dubbed self‐displacement. Firms' decision to self‐displace themselves from industry leadership with greater probability is deliberate and rational—not a result of leaders' inability to respond to competitive threats, as previously assumed in the literature. This article also shows that leaders' rule of thumb in more hypercompetitive environments should be to accelerate the development of advantages with high competitive value but low market value. This study is based on a theoretical model and numerical analysis grounded on stylized empirical facts that govern industry competitive macrodynamics and firm investment microdynamics in most industries. Because the model builds on empirically observable constructs, its theoretical propositions are amenable to large sample testing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The age of temporary advantage
Authors: D'Aveni Richard A. , Dagnino Giovanni Battista , Smith Ken G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe creation and management of temporary competitive advantages has emerged as an alternative to sustainable models of competitive advantage in the strategy literature. We review the literature and discuss questions related to the antecedents, consequences and the management temporary advantage in the introduction of this special issue. The overall goal is to ask: What would the field of strategic management look like if sustainable advantages did not exist? We summarize the papers published in this special issue and highlight directions for future research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Institutional development and hypercompetition in emerging economies
Authors: Hermelo Francisco Diaz , Vassolo Roberto 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study applies previous analysis on hypercompetition to emerging economies. We propose that development of the institutional context will contribute to generate conditions of hypercompetition in emerging economies. Empirical evidence from Latin America indicates that (1) persistent superior economic performance is possible; (2) the hazard rate for exiting the superior economic performance stratum has increased over time; (3) the development of the institutional context accelerates the rate of exiting the superior economic performance stratum; and (4) domestic firms find it more difficult to remain in the superior economic performance stratum than subsidiaries of multinational corporations and multicountry firms. These findings are consistent with the onset of an age of temporary advantage in emerging economies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood amnesia
Authors: Hayne Harlene , Jack Fiona 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChildhood amnesia refers to the inability of children and adults to recall events that took place during their infancy and early childhood. Freud originally coined the term on the basis of clinical interviews; subsequent empirical investigations have confirmed many of Freud's original observations, but not his explanation for the phenomenon. Consistent with Freud's view, childhood amnesia is not a unitary phenomenon, but rather consists of at least two separate phases. In this article, we review the evidence for a two‐stage phenomenon and highlight some of the major developmental changes that might contribute to each phase. We reject Freud's repression explanation and argue instead that a comprehensive theory of childhood amnesia will require an understanding of neurological, cognitive, language, and social development.WIREs Cogni Sci2011 2 136–145 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.107This article is categorized under:Psychology > Memory
Systematic error is of minor importance to feedback structure estimates derived from time series of nonlinear population indices
Authors: Tkadlec Emil , Lisická‐Lachnitová Lenka , Losík Jan , Heroldová Marta 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMost modern population dynamics analyses of time series use simple population indices for ecological inference. These indices, collected for many years for various agricultural pests or game animals, are generally believed not to distort systematically feedback estimates because the assumption of linearity to population size roughly holds. To assess the relative importance of this assumption, we examined the effect of nonlinearity in a burrow index for voles on feedback estimates obtained through autoregressive modeling. We show that the issue of linearity is of less importance to ecological inference because the feedback estimates are routinely obtained on a logarithmic scale. Transforming data to logs has a strong linearization effect, removing most of the nonlinearity observed on the original scale. We conclude that the statistical tools for ecological inference, such as autoregressive log‐linear models, are sufficiently robust to the systematic error imposed by index nonlinearity and that indices are valuable sources of ecological information even in situations when the assumed linear functional forms to population size were not exactly validated. We suggest that for time series modelers, the issue of a large sampling variation in small “noisy” populations is by far a more burning one than the systematic error due to index nonlinearity.
The Efficacy of Compounds with Different Polarities as Antioxidants in Emulsions with Omega‐3 Lipids
Authors: Sørensen A.‐D. M. , Nielsen N. S. , Decker E. A. , Let M. B. , Xu X. , Jacobsen C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAccording to the so‐called polar paradox hypothesis, the efficacy of an antioxidant in emulsions is highly affected by its polarity and thereby location in the different phases. However, other factors also affect the efficacy of antioxidants in multiphase systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidants [ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl CLA and CLA (conjugated linoleic acid)] with different polarities in two different emulsion systems: o/w emulsion (5% oil) and w/o emulsion (98% oil) stabilized with citrem and PGPR, respectively. The efficacy of the antioxidants was compared to their partitioning in an o/w emulsion system and to results obtained from different antioxidant assays: iron reducing power, chelating activity and radical scavenging activity. For the w/o emulsions the efficacy of the antioxidants followed the polar paradox hypothesis: ascorbyl palmitate = ascorbyl CLA > ascorbic acid ≥ CLA > reference. For the o/w emulsion the antioxidative effects were not in accordance with the polar paradox. In the beginning of the storage, ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbic acid were most efficient, however in the end they acted as prooxidants. Ascorbyl CLA was located at the interface but was inactive as an antioxidant. This may be due to impurities or interaction with citrem.
Bifid thumb type IV in children: Transferring an epiphyseal segment of the proximal phalanx with insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis tendon
Authors: Hung Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: October 2010

Objective To evaluate the clinical and functional results of the surgical treatment of bifid thumb type IV in children. Materials and methods A retrospective study was undertaken from January 1995 to December 2006. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were made according to Wassel's classification. The patients were performed by transferring an epiphyseal segment of the proximal phalanx with insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis tendon into the radial side of the epiphyseal proximal phalanx of the ulnar thumb. All patients were operated using one of five surgical procedures for bicephalous metacarpus, cartilaginous connection between the radial and ulnar proximal phalanges, the angular deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MPJ) is >20°, and zigzag deformities. The postoperative results of the patients were evaluated for both function and cosmesis according to Tien's modified Tada scoring system. Results One hundred and sixty-four patients (102 females, 62 males) were included in this study. The MPJ was stable in 170 thumbs, 15 thumbs had 10° of radial instability, and new collateral ligaments were augmented in 27 thumbs. The alignment was normal in 75 thumbs, with alignment of the interphalangeal joint (IPJ) in 101 thumbs and alignment of the MPJ in 75 thumbs. Postoperatively, there were zigzag deformities in four thumbs (developed zigzag in two thumbs, recurrent zigzag in two thumbs); there was no first web space in those hands. There were four of 185 thumbs with thumb stiffness. The abductor function of 185 thumbs was as follows: >70° in 158 thumbs (85.4%), 50°–70° in 21 thumbs (11.4%), and <50° in six thumbs (3.2%). At the latest follow-up evaluation, no evidence of physeal growth injury or growth arrest was observed in any patient. Overall, we attained good results in 140 thumbs (75.7%), fair results in 36 thumbs (19.4%), and poor results in nine thumbs (4.9%). Conclusion We recommend the use of an epiphyseal segment of the proximal phalanx with insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis tendon into the radial side of the epiphyseal proximal phalanx of the ulnar thumb and to restore anatomical insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. The technique is simple, safe, and effective for thumb abductor function in the treatment of bifid thumb type IV in children.
Mandopop under siege: culturally bound criticisms of Taiwan’s pop music
Authors: MOSKOWITZ MARC L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article examines the cultural biases embedded in critiques of Mandopop (Mandarin Chinese pop music). Contemporary commercialised Mandopop is generally recognised as beginning around 1980, drawing on musical traditions from the early twentieth century. In the 1980s and early 1990s, Taiwan’s popular music swept across China and many in the PRC government reacted to the values embedded in Taiwan’s lyrics with mistrust and disdain, expressing a fear that Taiwan and Hong Kong’s cultural incursion would result in the PRC’s loss of national identity. On the other side of the strait, people in Taiwan complained of Mandopop’s fast pace and changing nature and linked this to similar trends in Taiwan’s society. More recently, several of Taiwan’s scholars have critiqued Mandopop for promoting patriarchal gender roles, and English language publications complain of a lack of individualism in that songs are produced in teams of composers, lyricists and performers. I examine the cultural contexts of these critiques in order to come to a better understanding of the most popular Chinese language music in the world.