bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economics and animal welfare in small animal veterinary practice: the case of genetic welfare problems
Authors: Yeates J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractVeterinary practice is subject to veterinary surgeons’ professional ethics, which ensure that patients’ welfare is considered paramount and clients’ interests are considered important. The provision of veterinary services is also subject to market forces that can affect transactions between clients and veterinarians. Veterinary markets could encourage or permit welfare harms due to potential market variations, imperfections and limitations, for example where financial constraints limit owners’ willingness to pay for treatment or veterinarians’ abilities to provide pro bono treatment. Consequently, economic factors could lead to potential welfare compromises through animals being undertreated, overtreated or mistreated. Fortunately there are possible solutions to these problems. Some are supplier-driven, for example improved the market functioning through transparency and honesty, strategically disrupting it through co-ordinating clinical standards and protocols or using veterinary authority to influence clients. Others are consumer-driven, for example improving consumer decision-making through the actions of insurance companies.
Evaluation of the benefit of amplification in children fitted with hearing aids
Authors: Lichtig Ida , Couto Maria Inês Vieira , Carvalho Luciana Regina de Lima 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Introduction: In Brazil, it is rare studies with using deaf children of auditory device above of seven years.
Objective: To investigate the benefit supplied for the amplification in deaf children to 7 years old to 11 years old using auditory device, under the perspective of the proper child and the adults with who it more coexists, and to verify if the time of conviviality of the adults with the child intervenes with their answers.
Method: One is about a clinical and experimental study. They had participated of the study 48 citizens, divided in 4 distinct groups: G1- 12 deaf children; G2- 12 adults with average companionship of 40 weekly hours with the deaf child; G3- 12 adults with average companionship of 20 weekly hours with the deaf child; G4- 12 adults with average companionship of 10 weekly hours with the deaf child. All the children were using of device bilaterally and presented auditory loss of severe or deep degree.
Results: The results indicate damage in the auditory abilities of the children evaluated had to the difficulties faced for them to listen to elements gifts in situations of its daily one. The time of companionship with the child did not have differences in the results between the different groups in agreement.
Conclusion: The viability of the evaluation of the proportionate benefit for the auditory device in children was evidenced clinically on the basis of the information of the family. The device of individual sonorous amplification exerted influence in the auditory abilities of the evaluated children, although the proportionate benefit for its use to be lesser of what the waited one.
Correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsils
Authors: Berwig Luana Cristina , da Silva Ana Maria Toniolo , Corrêa Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues , Serpa Eliane Oliveira , Ritzel Rodrigo Agne 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Introduction: Hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil is one of the main causes of mouth breathing, and accurate diagnosis of this alteration is important for proper therapeutic planning. Therefore, studies have been conducted in order to provide information regarding the procedures that can be used for the diagnosis of pharyngeal obstruction.
Objective: To verify the correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometric examinations in the diagnosis of pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia.
Method: This was a cross-sectional, clinical, experimental, and quantitative study. Fifty-five children took part in this study, 30 girls and 25 boys, aged between 7 and 11 years. The children underwent nasofibropharyngoscopic and cephalometric evaluation to determine the grade of nasopharyngeal obstruction. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient at the 5% significance level was used to verify the correlation between these exams.
Results: In the nasopharyngoscopy evaluation, most children showed grade 2 and 3 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 1. In the cephalometry assessment, most children showed grade 1 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 2. A statistically significant regular positive correlation was observed between the exams.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the evaluation of the pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia could be carried out by fiber optic nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry, as these examinations were regularly correlated. However, it was found that cephalometry tended to underestimate the size of the pharyngeal tonsil relative to nasopharyngoscopy.
Poly(l‐lactide) and Its Cu(II) and Cr(III) Complexes
Authors: Díaz Esperanza , Martínez de Arenaza Inger , Irastorza Ignacio , Ibañez Itsaso 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe behavior of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) complexes containing copper and chromium both in solution and in solid state was investigated by using viscometry, spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The formation of these complexes leads to fluctuations in typical parameters such as viscosity and the Huggins and Kraemer constants due to conformational changes experienced by certain macromolecules with donor or acceptor groups in the presence of strongly loaded metallic ions. Crystallization temperatures fell considerably as the metallic complexes were formed; in other words, crystallization and its starting temperature were both reduced, although the complexes exhibited greater thermal stability. This affected the degradation characteristics of PLLA–metal complexes. The stretching vibrations of the ester group shifted to a lower frequency, which indicates the involvement of CO groups in coordination with metal ions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E297–E305, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21277
Curcumin—From Molecule to Biological Function
Authors: Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Huebbe Patricia , Ernst Insa M. A. , Chin Dawn , Wagner Anika E. , Rimbach Gerald 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTurmeric is traditionally used as a spice and coloring in foods. It is an important ingredient in curry and gives curry powder its characteristic yellow color. As a consequence of its intense yellow color, turmeric, or curcumin (food additive E100), is used as a food coloring (e.g. mustard). Turmeric contains the curcuminoids curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Recently, the health properties (neuroprotection, chemo‐, and cancer prevention) of curcuminoids have gained increasing attention. Curcuminoids induce endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms in the organism and have anti‐inflammatory activity. Curcuminoids influence gene expression as well as epigenetic mechanisms. Synthetic curcumin analogues also exhibit biological activity. This Review describes the development of curcumin from a “traditional” spice and food coloring to a “modern” biological regulator.
Centralized vs decentralized adaptive generalized predictive control of a biodiesel reactor
Authors: Ho Yong Kuen , Mjalli Farouq S. , Yeoh Hak Koon 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTA second look at biodiesel reactor control using Recursive Least Squares (RLS)‐based adaptive Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) strategy revealed the possibility of a simpler alternative to the previously published centralized RLS‐based GPC controller (CRLS‐GPC). New results show that the simpler decentralized RLS‐based GPC controller (DRLS‐GPC) was on par with the more sophisticated centralized version in terms of servo and regulatory control, process interactions handling, and the resultant controller moves. Moreover, the simplified control scheme remained superior to the conventional Proportional–Integral controller. Such attributes make the DRLS‐GPC an attractive compromise between complexity and performance. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution properties of biobased hyperbranched polyols investigated by multiple‐detection size exclusion chromatography
Authors: Milic Jelena , Teraoka Iwao , Petrovic Zoran S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe used multiple‐detection size exclusion chromatography and batch‐mode light scattering to follow the structural development of hydroxylated fatty acid methyl esters of soybean oil into hyperbranched (HB) polyol during polymerization by analyzing samples, collected at different times, in dilute solutions in tetrahydrofuran. The size of HB molecules was, as expected, smaller and more compact than that of their linear analogues of the same molecular weight (MW). Additionally, HB polyols were roughly spherical in shape. Plots of MW as a function of retention time and plots of the radius of gyration (Rg) as a function of MW showed an upturn; this indicated mixing of the high‐MW components in late‐eluting fractions, caused by either adsorption onto or trapping by the pore. For region of the plot before the turning points, the exponent in the Mark–Houwink equation was between 0.3 and 0.4. The exponent in the power relationship between Rg and MW was also below 0.5. It appeared that the shape of molecules for the same MW varied with the progress of the synthesis, as observed by a slope change in the viscometric radius dependence on MW for different HB polyol samples. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012
Characterization and structure analysis of PLGA/collagen nanofibrous membranes by electrospinning
Authors: Park Jong‐Seok , Choi Jong‐Bae , Jo Sun‐Young , Lim Youn‐Mook , Gwon Hui‐Jeong , Khil Myung Seob , Nho Young‐Chang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPoly(DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA)/marine collagen nanofibrous membranes (PCNMs) with different weight ratio of PLGA to collagen were fabricated by an electrospinning method. The morphology and diameter distribution of electrospun nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed that the morphology and diameter distribution of the nanofibers were mainly affected by the concentration of the solution, weight ratio of the PLGA/collagen, and applied electric voltage, respectively. To investigate the cell responses, MG‐63 cells isolated from a human mandible were cultured onto various substrates and their adhesion, spreading, and proliferation were examined. Immunofluorescent staining of MG‐63 cultured on the PCNMs demonstrated homogeneous localization of F‐Actin and vinculin in their cytoplasms. However, no mature adhesive structures were observed in the cell cultured on other substrates. Also, the cells seeded on the materials proliferated. These results suggest that PCNMs strongly support the attachment and growth of osteosarcoma cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A novel electrochemically and thermally stable polythiophene for photovoltaic application
Authors: Hanif Muddasir , Zuo Lijian , Yan Quanxiang , Hu Xiaolian , Shi Minmin , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractConjugated polymers having good electrochemical and thermal stability are highly desired in optoelectronics. We report a new polythiophene consisting of alternating 4,4′‐didodecyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene and terthiophene units (HPL1) synthesized via Stille coupling reaction. The optical band gap of HPL1 (1.92 eV) is similar to that of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (rr‐P3HT, 1.89 eV). In comparison to rr‐P3HT, the HPL1 when subjected to the cyclic voltammetry as thin film shows much superior electrochemical stability and a lower highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (−4.87 eV for rr‐P3HT and −4.95 eV for HPL1). The transient photoluminescence study of HPL1 and rr‐P3HT shows that both materials have two exciton decay processes, and the excitons of rr‐P3HT are quenched more quickly. The onset decomposition, Td for rr‐P3HT (465°C) is 4°C lower than HPL1 (469°C). Preliminary photovoltaic study disclosed that the polymer solar cell based on HPL1:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester blend showed a power conversion efficiency of 0.63%, with a Voc of 0.6 V, and a short circuit current (Jsc) of 2.79 mA cm−2 under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2). The whole study provided an important example to design new electrochemically and thermally stable polymers with longer exciton life time for application in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effects of chitosan characteristics on the physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of chitosan/2‐glycerophosphate/nanosilver hydrogels
Authors: Chang Hsiang‐Wei , Lin Ya‐Shen , Tsai Ying‐Die , Tsai Min‐Lang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe effects of molecular weight (MW) and the degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan (CS) on the physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of CS/2‐glycerophosphate (GP)/nanosilver hydrogel in the development of a thermosensitive in situ formed wound dressing are examined herein. The gelation temperatures for the hydrogels were measured in the range of 32–37°C by manipulating the MW and DD of CS and the GP concentration. The structure of 88% DD CS hydrogel was more porous, uniform, and connective than that of the 80% DD CS hydrogel. The superior water vapor transmission rates of hydrogels with 80% and 88% DD CS were 7150 ± 52 and 9044 ± 221 gm−2 d−1, respectively. The skin permeations of nanosilver by the 80% and 88% DD CS hydrogels were 3.82 and 4.99 μg cm−2, respectively, in 24 h tests. Both the hydrogels with 6 and 12 ppm nanosilver showed cytotoxicity for HS68 cells. The diameters of the hydrogel's inhibition zones for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus increased when the concentration of nanosilver increased and the MW of the CS decreased. Therefore, the hydrogel could be prepared with lower MW CS and lower concentration of nanosilver in order to reduce the cytotoxicity of nanosilver, while maintaining similar antibacterial activity for a hydrogel prepared with higher concentration nanosilver and higher MW CS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Radiation synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide)/chitosan hydrogels
Authors: Branca C. , Auditore L. , Loria D. , Trimarchi M. , Wanderlingh U. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRecent advances in hydrogel technology have focused on finding more biocompatible, nontoxic materials intended for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In this study, a series of pH‐sensitive hydrogels were prepared from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and chitosan in aqueous solutions by electron beam irradiation. This method is a suitable tool for the formation of biocompatible hydrogels because in radiation processing no initiators or crosslinkers, potentially toxic and difficult to remove, are needed. In this frame, also the PEO and chitosan choice was based on their characteristic of low toxicity. The properties of the prepared hydrogels were investigated in terms of the gel fraction and of the swelling behavior in solutions at different pHs. Some swelling kinetic and diffusional parameters were also determined. The observed properties show that increasing the chitosan content, or lowering the pH, the crosslinking density of these networks increases inducing the formation of more stable, but less swellable, hydrogels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Anion exchange membranes derived from nafion precursor for the alkaline fuel cell: Effect of cation type on properties
Authors: Salerno Holly L. S. , Elabd Yossef A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHighly stable hydroxide conducting membranes are necessary for solid‐state alkaline fuel cells to have long performance lifetimes. In this study, we used solid‐state chemistry to synthesize Nafion‐based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with a variety of covalently attached cations, including trimethylammonium, trimethylphosphonium, piperazinium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, and quaternized 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Infrared spectroscopy confirms a partial asymmetric functionalization of all cations with the exception of pyridinium. The AEMs that were successfully synthesized all exhibited sufficient water uptake and conductivity. The effect of cation type on AEM chemical and thermal stability was investigated as a function of various conditions (e.g., hydration levels, temperature, and pH). High chemical and thermal stability was observed for all successfully synthesized AEMs with the exception of the trimethylphosphonium cation AEM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of cobalt coated nickel powders for improving the stability of the resistivity of PPTC materials
Authors: Fang Bin , Gao Sheng , Ge Xueping , Yang Cunzhong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNickel powders coated by cobalt (Co@Ni powders) on the surface have been obtained by reduction in the ethylene glycol. The morphology and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The valence states of cobalt in the sample were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Co@Ni powders were used as the electrically conductive fillers in the polymeric positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) materials in which polyethylene was used as the matrix. The stability of the resistivity of PPTC materials has been improved due to the protection and electrical conductivity of the cobalt layers on the surface of Ni powders. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of poly(amido amine)‐derived dendrimers with pendant benzoxazine groups and their thermal behavior
Authors: Lu Yanbing , Chen Junren , Lu Yunlong , Gai Pengbo , Zhong Hailin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTwo novel dendrimer‐derived compounds with pendant benzoxazine, named 0G benzoxazine (0G BOZ) and 1G benzoxazine (1G BOZ), were prepared using 0G poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) and 1G PAMAM, phenol, and paraformaldehyde. Effects of different generations of PAMAM on curing kinetics and thermal properties were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements of the 0G BOZ and 1G BOZ were carried out at different heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min. Kinetic analysis by Kissinger's and Ozawa's method revealed the activation energy (Ea) of 0G BOZ were 109.1 and 109.3 kJ mol−1, respectively, and those of 1G BOZ were 88.0 and 91.4 kJ mol−1. The autocatalytic kinetic model was found to be the best description of the investigated curing reactions. In addition, the predicted curves from our kinetic models fit well with the nonisothermal DSC thermograms. Thermogravimetrical analysis of cured resin of 0G BOZ and 1G BOZ showed that the char yields of 0G BOZ and 1G BOZ were 37.6 and 26.3%, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Family history and risk of hospital treatment for varicose veins in Sweden
Authors: Zöller B , Ji J , Sundquist J , Sundquist K 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Family history has been suggested as a risk factor for varicose veins, but recall bias may inflate the familial risks. The aim of this nationwide study was to determine familial risks for hospital treatment for varicose veins.

Methods
Data from the Swedish Multi-Generation Register of people aged 0-76 years were linked to Hospital Discharge Register data for 1964–2008. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for individuals whose relatives were treated in hospital for varicose veins and compared with those whose relatives were not. Only main diagnoses of varicose veins were considered.

Results
A total of 39 396 people had hospital treatment for varicose veins. The familial SIR among offspring with one affected parent was 2·39 (95 per cent confidence interval 2·32 to 2·46). The SIR for those with one affected sibling was 2·86 (2·76 to 2·97). SIRs were increased in both men and women. The SIR for individuals with two or more affected siblings or with two affected parents was 5·88 (5·28 to 6·53) and 5·52 (4·77 to 6·36) respectively. The SIR for the wives of men treated for varicose veins was 1·69 (1·59 to 1·80); that for the husbands of women treated for varicose veins was 1·68 (1·58 to 1·79).

Conclusion
Using the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, and thereby eliminating recall bias, family history of hospital treatment for varicose veins was associated with an increased risk of similar treatment among relatives. The increased spousal risk suggests a contribution from non-genetic factors.
Mood symptoms contribute to working memory decrement in active‐duty soldiers being treated for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Dretsch Michael N. , Thiel Kenneth J. , Athy Jeremy R. , Irvin Clinton R. , Sirmon‐Fjordbak Bess , Salvatore Anthony 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA significant proportion of military veterans of operations in Afghanistan and Iraq have been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Growing evidence suggests that neuropsychological deficits are a symptom of PTSD. The current study investigated neurocognitive functioning among soldiers diagnosed with PTSD. Specifically, active‐duty soldiers with and without a diagnosis of PTSD were assessed for performance on tests of attention and working memory. In addition, factors such as combat experience, depression, anxiety, PTSD symptom severity, and alcohol consumption were explored as possible mediators of group differences in neurocognitive functioning. Twenty‐three active‐duty soldiers diagnosed with PTSD were matched with 23 healthy Soldier controls; all were administered the Attention Network Task (ANT), Backward Digit Span (BDS) task, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, PTSD Checklist—Military Version, Combat Exposure Scale, and Modified Drinking Behavior Questionnaire. Soldiers diagnosed with PTSD performed significantly worse on the working memory task (BDS) than healthy controls, and reported greater levels of PTSD symptoms, combat exposure, depression, and anxiety. However, after controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms, the relationship between PTSD and working memory was no longer present. The results indicate that PTSD is accompanied by deficits in working memory, which appear to be partially attributed to anxiety and depression symptoms.