bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High School Allied Health Students and Their Exposure to the Profession of EMS
Authors: Holloman Joshua B. , Hubble Michael W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroductionEnsuring a stable Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workforce is a growing concern, and effective recruiting strategies are needed to expose young adults to the EMS profession. The objective of this study was to assess the exposure of high school allied health students to EMS as a career option, as well as measure their attitudes and beliefs about the EMS profession.HypothesisFew high school allied health students are exposed to EMS educational and career opportunities.MethodsA convenience sample of allied health students in a rural high school system was surveyed about exposure to EMS, career intentions, factors impacting career decisions, and attitudes and beliefs about EMS. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and intention to pursue an EMS career was modeled using logistic regression.ResultsOf 171 students enrolled in allied health courses across six high schools, 135 (78.9%) agreed to participate; 85.2% were female. Almost all (92.6%) respondents intended to pursue a health career, but only 43.0% reported that their allied health course exposed them to EMS as a profession. Few participants (37.7%) were knowledgeable about EMS associate degree or baccalaureate degree (27.4%) programs. Only 20.7% of the respondents intended to pursue EMS as a career, although 46.0% wanted to learn more about the profession. Most (68.2%) students expressed interest in an emergency medical technician (EMT) course if one were offered, and 80.0% were interested in a ride-along program. Independent predictors of pursuing an EMS career included exposure to EMS outside of high school (OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.7-30.4); media influence on career choice (OR = 9.6, 95% CI = 1.8-50.1); and the belief that EMS was mentally challenging (OR = 15.9, 95% CI = 1.1-216.6). Negative predictors included the beliefs that an EMS career was stimulating (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.00-0.53) and physically challenging (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.00-0.63); as well as prior exposure to an EMS job advertisement (OR = 0.14, 0.03-0.53).ConclusionsOverall, there was a lack of exposure to career and educational options in EMS among allied health students in the school system studied, and few students intended to pursue an EMS career after graduation. However, the majority of students indicated they would like to learn more about EMS, and would enroll in an EMT course and ride-along program if available. These findings suggest that, with exposure to the profession, more allied health students could choose EMS as a career.Holloman JB, Hubble MW. High school allied health students and their exposure to the profession of EMS.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(3):1-7.
EXPLORING HAWTREY’S SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY THROUGH HIS UNPUBLISHED BOOK,RIGHT POLICY
Authors: HIRAI TOSHIAKI 
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct and evaluate, among other issues, Hawtrey’s social philosophy.Hawtrey’s system as a whole is composed of the two distinct and yet interrelated subsystems: philosophy and social philosophy. The former has three components: the theory of evolution and rationalization; the theory of aspects; and Moorean ethics. The latter has two components: his conception of society in general; and his perception of capitalistic economy as one type of society.We then examine three problematic elements connected with Hawtrey’s system: epistemology in Hawtrey and Moore; plus products and the market; and the ruler and the public.
A SMS normalization system integrating multiple grammatical resources
Authors: OLIVA J. , SERRANO J. I. , DEL CASTILLO M. D. , IGESIAS Á. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSMS language presents special phenomena and important deviations from natural language. Every day, an impressive amount of chat messages, SMS messages, and e-mails are sent all over the world. This widespread use makes important the development of systems that normalize SMS language into natural language. However, typical machine translation approaches are difficult to adapt to SMS language because of many irregularities that are shown by this kind of language. This paper presents a new approach for SMS normalization that combines lexical and phonological translation techniques with disambiguation algorithms at two different levels: lexical and semantic. The method proposed does not depend on big annotated corpus, which is difficult to build and is applied in two different domains showing its easiness of adaptation across different languages and domains. The results obtained by the system outperform some of the existing methods of SMS normalization despite the fact that the Spanish language and the corpus created have some features that complicate the normalization task.
Selective Attention and the Three-Process Memory Model for the Interpretation of Verbal Free Recall in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Christidi Foteini , Zalonis Ioannis , Smyrnis Nikolaos , Evdokimidis Ioannis 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe present study investigates selective attention and verbal free recall in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and examines the contribution of selective attention, encoding, consolidation, and retrieval memory processes to patients’ verbal free recall. We examined 22 non-demented patients with sporadic ALS and 22 demographically related controls using Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Test (SNST; selective attention) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; immediate & delayed verbal free recall). The item-specific deficit approach (ISDA) was applied to RAVLT to evaluate encoding, consolidation, and retrieval difficulties. ALS patients performed worse than controls on SNST (p < .001) and RAVLT immediate and delayed recall (p < .001) and showed deficient encoding (p = .001) and consolidation (p = .002) but not retrieval (p = .405). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that SNST and ISDA indices accounted for: (a) 91.1% of the variance in RAVLT immediate recall, with encoding (p = .016), consolidation (p < .001), and retrieval (p = .032) significantly contributing to the overall model and the SNST alone accounting for 41.6%; and (b) 85.2% of the variance in RAVLT delayed recall, with consolidation (p < .001) and retrieval (p = .008) significantly contributing to the overall model and the SNST alone accounting for 39.8%. Thus, selective attention, encoding, and consolidation, and to a lesser extent of retrieval, influenced both immediate and delayed verbal free recall. Concluding, selective attention and the memory processes of encoding, consolidation, and retrieval should be considered while interpreting patients’ impaired free recall. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–10)
The association between dairy food intake and the incidence of diabetes in Australia: the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)
Authors: Grantham Narelle M , Magliano Dianna J , Hodge Allison , Jowett Jeremy , Meikle Peter , Shaw Jonathan E 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies have suggested that dairy food may reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic abnormalities but few have been able to conclusively demonstrate that it reduces the risk of diabetes. The aim of the present analysis was to investigate if dairy food intake independently reduces the risk of diabetes.DesignThe Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) is a national, population-based, prospective survey conducted over 5 years. Baseline measurements included a 121-item FFQ, anthropometrics and an oral glucose tolerance test.SettingForty-two randomly selected clusters across Australia.SubjectsAdults aged ≥25 years who participated in the baseline survey and returned to follow-up 5 years later.ResultsA total of 5582 participants with complete data were eligible for analysis, 209 of whom had incident diabetes. Compared with men in the first tertile of dairy food intake, men in the third tertile had a significantly reduced risk of developing diabetes after adjustment for age, sex, total energy intake, family history of diabetes, education, physical activity, smoking status, fasting serum TAG and HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and hip circumference (OR = 0·53, 95 % CI 0·29, 0·96;P= 0·033). A similar non-significant association was observed in women.ConclusionsDietary patterns that incorporate high intakes of dairy food may reduce the risk of diabetes among men. Further investigation into the relationship between dairy food intake and diabetes needs to be undertaken to fully understand the potential mechanism of this observation.
HOMELAND TOURISM, EMOTION, AND IDENTITY LABOR
Authors: Taylor Judith , Levi Ron , Dinovitzer Ronit 
Published: June 2012

AbstractConcern over intergenerational ethnic continuity, with members of minority groups seeking to ensure that youth become invested in and committed to religious, cultural, or ethnic identities, is long-standing and inherent to group boundary formation. In recent years, this concern has been particularly pronounced in the North American Jewish community, with socialization and retention of Jewish young adults emerging as one of its central preoccupations. This emphasis on Jewish continuity emerged as a central concern following the legacy of experiences with anti-Semitism and discrimination. The most significant program to emerge from this agenda is Taglit-Birthright Israel, a program that has provided over 250,000 free ten-day trips to Israel for Jewish young adults from over fifty countries. Homeland tours of this sort are increasingly common across diasporic groups, and this paper attends to the emotional work that underlies collective identity formation in these tours. Through focus groups with Taglit-Birthright participants, we find that these tours engage and mobilize competing sets of emotions, and that tour members experience dimensions of closeness and distance at once. The result is that participants are engaged in a form of identity labor: they grapple with the questions of how they should affiliate as Jews, and how they can forge an identity that carves a role for themselves in the diaspora. Drawing on the sociological concept of ambivalence, we find that collective identity is successfully forged in these trips by interrupting the notion of effortless ethnic belonging, and providing participants with a deeper understanding of the commitment required for intra-ethnic group identification and attachments.
“SOCIALLY MIXED” PUBLIC HOUSING REDEVELOPMENT AS A DESTIGMATIZATION STRATEGY IN TORONTO'S REGENT PARK
Authors: Dunn James R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOver the last two decades decision makers have sought to address problems with large concentrations of poverty and minority ethnoracial groups in the cities of Western Europe and the Anglo-American world that are the direct result of the manner in which public housing was built in the early postwar era. The United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia have developed programs that introduce “social mix” into such public housing developments. These initiatives are designed to alter the social dynamics of places with high levels of concentrated poverty and ethnoracial minority groups that are believed to magnify the disadvantages of poverty and marginalization. In this paper, I argue that this is a destigmatization strategy, but not the same kind of destigmatization strategy that has been described in the literature. Using the example of Toronto's Regent Park, a large public housing development near downtown, I develop a research agenda for understanding the gap between a quasi-state agency's efforts to destigmatize public housing sites (“place destigmatization”) and the everyday destigmatization practices and experiences of residents (“personal destigmatization”). The paper begins with a review of the putative mechanisms linking socially mixed public housing redevelopment and outcomes for residents, including social capital, social control, role modelling, and changes to the political economy of place. This review finds little evidence of these effects in the literature. Consequently, I argue for an inductive approach to the study of the outcomes of social mix, rather than the common practice of judging such outcomes against the benchmark of close, intimate relationships between new, middle-class residents and existing public housing residents. I further argue that the “normalization” of the built form that is a major part of socially mixed redevelopment is a form of place destigmatization, and may alter both material practices and representational practices related to stigma, which have very real effects on the everyday experience of residents.
RACE AND AFFIRMING OPPORTUNITY IN THE BARACK OBAMA ERA
Authors: Wilson William Julius 
Published: June 2012

AbstractI first discuss the Obama administration's efforts to promote racial diversity on college campuses in the face of recent court challenges to affirmative action. I then analyze opposition in this country to “racial preferences” as a way to overcome inequality. I follow that with a discussion of why class-based affirmative action, as a response to cries from conservatives to abolish “racial preferences,” would not be an adequate substitute for race-based affirmative action. Instead of class-based affirmative action, I present an argument for opportunity enhancing affirmative action programs that rely on flexible, merit-based criteria of evaluation as opposed to numerical guidelines or quotas. Using the term “affirmative opportunity” to describe such programs, I illustrate their application with three cases: the University of California, Irvine's revised affirmative action admissions procedure; the University of Michigan Law School's affirmative action program, which was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2003; and the hiring and promotion of faculty of color at colleges and universities as seen in how I myself benefited from a type of affirmative action based on flexible merit-based criteria at the University of Chicago in the early 1970s. I conclude by relating affirmative opportunity programs for people of color to the important principle of “equality of life chances.”
Are institutional transplants viable? An examination in light of the proposals by Jeremy Bentham
Authors: COUYOUMDJIAN JUAN PABLO 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:The problem of institutional transplantation is an important issue. In Jeremy Bentham's work, we find practical as well as theoretical proposals regarding this problem. Here, we view his work as an invitation to reflect on the overall nature of the question of institutional design and transplantation. The transfer of institutions requires knowledge of ‘place and time’ that will allow for an accommodation of the transferred institutions to their new soil. However, an awareness of this type of knowledge and thus relying on its actually being available is not viable from a practical point of view. This is due to the fact that the core of informal institutions is tacit, which imposes a fundamental constraint on the process of institutional transplantation; informal norms must co-exist with formal rules, and such merging requires some accommodation of both types of rules.
Magnetic petrology of high Fe‐Ti eclogites from the CCSD main hole: Implications for subduction‐zone magnetism
Authors: Liu Qingsheng , Frost B. Ronald , Wang Hongcai , Zheng Jianping , Zeng Qingli , Jin Zhenmin 
Published: June 2012

The high Fe‐Ti eclogites with exsolved lamellar in 530–600 m depths from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) main hole in the Sulu Ultra‐High Pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, record an anomalously high susceptibility (κ), natural remanent magnetization (NRM) and Köenigsberger ratio Q (NRM/Ji, Ji is induced magnetization). This provides us with a good opportunity to study the effects of magnetic minerals and exsolution lamellae on the magnetic properties of deep rocks. In this paper, we have measured systematically magnetic properties and mineral assemblage and structure for three special samples (No. 83, No.86 and No.89). Results show that these Fe‐Ti‐rich eclogites are the result of the fine‐grained (titano)‐magnetite exsolution in pyroxene and lamellar structure consisting of finely interlayered ilmenite and hematite in exsolved hemo‐ilmenite. We found that the dominant Fe‐bearing oxide minerals in samples studied are ilmenite, hematite (Hem + Ilm up to 25%), little (titano)magnetite and pyrite. The ferromagnetic susceptibility is mainly controlled by fine grained (titano)magnetite and NRM is closely related to the exsolved lamellar structure. We hence propose that the anomalous magnetism of these eclogites observed in our samples is the result of exsolution from homogenous pyroxene and ilmeno‐hematite during cooling and decompression processes. These Fe‐Ti‐rich eclogites might be one of the sources of high‐magnetic anomalies observed in the Sulu subduction zone, eastern China.
Whistler anisotropy instability with a cold electron component: Linear theory
Authors: Gary S. Peter , Liu Kaijun , Denton Richard E. , Wu Shuo 
Published: June 2012

The whistler anisotropy instability is driven by an electron temperature anisotropy T⊥/T∥ > 1 where ⊥ and ∥ denote directions perpendicular and parallel, respectively, to the background magnetic field Bo. Here kinetic linear theory in a magnetized, homogeneous, collisionless plasma model is used to study this instability when the electron velocity distribution may be represented as the sum of a hot, anisotropic bi‐Maxwellian and a cold, isotropic component. The critical β∥e, the value at which the maximum growth rate of the instability changes from propagation parallel to Bo to oblique propagation, decreases with increasing nc/ne, where nc is the cold electron density and ne is the total electron density. At parallel propagation the maximum growth rate increases with nc/ne up to nc/ne ≃ 0.8, but then diminishes with further increases of the relative cold electron density. Introduction of a cold electron component can reduce the hot electron anisotropy necessary to excite this instability by up to a factor of 2.
Generation process of magnetic decreases and the resulting kinetic effects on energetic particles within corotating interaction regions
Authors: Tsubouchi K. 
Published: June 2012

One‐dimensional hybrid simulations are performed to examine the formation mechanism of magnetic decrease (MD) structures within corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and their effect on the energetic particle profiles associated with the shock acceleration at the CIR boundaries. As the source of MD formation, Alfvén wave structures propagating in the fast solar wind, which make depressions in the magnetic field magnitude after passing through the CIR reverse shock, are taken into account. The observed MD properties of the simultaneous density and pressure enhancement are confirmed. The key process of reducing the field intensity is the incidence of Alfvénic field variations in the anisotropic plasma (P⊥ > P∥) of the reverse shock downstream. Directional changes in the magnetic field induce energy exchange between parallel and perpendicular components, leading to isotropization and adiabatic field reduction. Magnetic mirror points consequently form, where field‐aligned streams further intensify and particles accumulate in MDs. The capture of particles by MDs delays the reverse shock evolution. Therefore, it is expected that MDs will reduce the CIR dimension and lower the efficiency of particle acceleration at CIR shocks.
Monitoring of Vibrio harveyi quorum sensing activity in real time during infection of brine shrimp larvae
Authors: Defoirdt Tom , Sorgeloos Patrick 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Quorum sensing, bacterial cell-to-cell communication, has been linked to the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Indeed, in vitro experiments have shown that many bacterial pathogens regulate the expression of virulence genes by this cell-to-cell communication process. Moreover, signal molecules have been detected in samples retrieved from infected hosts and quorum sensing disruption has been reported to result in reduced virulence in different host–pathogen systems. However, data on in vivo quorum sensing activity of pathogens during infection of a host are currently lacking. We previously reported that quorum sensing regulates the virulence of Vibrio harveyi in a standardised model system with gnotobiotic brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) larvae. Here, we monitored quorum sensing activity in Vibrio harveyi during infection of the shrimp, using bioluminescence as a read-out. We found that wild-type Vibrio harveyi shows a strong increase in quorum sensing activity early during infection. In this respect, the bacteria behave remarkably similar in different larvae, despite the fact that only half of them survive the infection. Interestingly, when expressed per bacterial cell, Vibrio harveyi showed around 200-fold higher maximal quorum sensing-regulated bioluminescence when associated with larvae than in the culture water. Finally, the in vivo quorum sensing activity of mutants defective in the production of one of the three signal molecules is consistent with their virulence, with no detectable in vivo quorum sensing activity in AI-2- and CAI-1-deficient mutants. These results indicate that AI-2 and CAI-1 are the dominant signals during infection of brine shrimp.
Reversible voltammograms and a Pourbaix diagram for a protein tyrosine radical
Authors: Berry Bruce W. , Martínez-Rivera Melissa C. , Tommos Cecilia 
Published: June 2012

Reversible voltammograms and a voltammetry half-wave potential versus solution pH diagram are described for a protein tyrosine radical. This work required a de novo designed tyrosine-radical protein displaying a unique combination of structural and electrochemical properties. The
α
3
Y protein is structurally stable across a broad pH range. The redox-active tyrosine Y32 resides in a desolvated and well-structured environment. Y32 gives rise to reversible square-wave and differential pulse voltammograms at alkaline pH. The formal potential of the Y32-O
•
/Y32-OH redox couple is determined to 918 ± 2 mV versus the normal hydrogen electrode at pH 8.40 ± 0.01. The observation that Y32 gives rise to fully reversible voltammograms translates into an estimated lifetime of ≥30 ms for the Y32-O
•
state. This illustrates the range of tyrosine-radical stabilization that a structured protein can offer. Y32 gives rise to quasireversible square-wave and differential pulse voltammograms at acidic pH. These voltammograms represent the Y32 species at the upper edge of the quasirevesible range. The square-wave net potential closely approximates the formal potential of the Y32-O
•
/Y32-OH redox couple to 1,070 ± 1 mV versus the normal hydrogen electrode at pH 5.52 ± 0.01. The differential pulse voltammetry half-wave potential of the Y32-O
•
/Y32-OH redox pair is measured between pH 4.7 and 9.0. These results are described and analyzed.
Calorimetric investigation of the magnetocaloric effect in Ni45Co5Mn37.5In12.5
Authors: Guillou F , Courtois P , Porcar L , Plaindoux P , Bourgault D , Hardy V 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A calorimetric investigation of a Ni45Co5Mn37.5In12.5 single crystal has been carried out by combining differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and heat capacity (C) measurements. The martensitic transition showing a first-order character spread over a wide temperature range, a specific measuring technique of C(T) has been developed. This method—based on a time-resolved analysis of successive heating pulses—was found to yield an entropy change at the transition (ΔS
tr) that is very close to that derived from DSC. To investigate the magnetocaloric effect, both the isothermal entropy change ΔS

T
and the adiabatic temperature change ΔT
ad were derived from heat capacity curves recorded in a series of magnetic fields up to 7 T. The maximum values of ΔS

T
(T, B) were observed to be in accordance with those determined from the Maxwell equation. Furthermore, maximum values of ΔT
ad(T, B) resulting from the application of 2 T, 5 T and 7 T were found to be equal to −2.3 K, −6.1 K and −9.4 K, respectively.