bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical approach to discharge bearing currents
Authors: Smolenski Robert , Kempski Adam , Bojarski Jacek 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a statistical approach, which enables the prediction of the risk of the appearance of discharge bearing currents in a given drive that can damage the motor bearings. Using such an approach, the drives for the decisive but expensive, long‐term destructive investigations can be selected. A comparative analysis is presented to show the applicability of the presented statistical model.Design/methodology/approachIn the paper, a statistical approach to large data sets of measured bearing currents is presented. Weibull distribution has been chosen to describe the amplitudes of bearing currents, whereas exponential distribution is used for the approximation of the awaiting times to puncture. In order to check the hypothesis that these distributions are independent two tests has been conducted:F‐Snedecor, to check equality of mean values and Bartlett's to check variance equality. On this basis, joint distribution is expressed as the product of independent marginal distributions.FindingsThe comparative analyses show that special caution is required for a proper selection of EMI filters. The additional inductance of the filter in a common mode (CM) current path decreases the damping factor of the circuit and significantly increases the risk of bearing damage caused by electric discharge machining currents. The CM transformer is a cheap and effective solution that reduces CM current without increasing the rate and the amplitudes of bearing currents.Originality/valueThis paper presents a new approach to bearing currents that allows prediction of the risk of bearing damage in a given drive.
Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Responses ofListeria monocytogenesStrains Possessing Different Growth Efficiencies under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Bowman John P. , Lee Chang Kim Jye , Pinfold Terry , Ross Tom 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTIn an experiment delineating aciduric strains, food and clinicalListeria monocytogenesisolates tended to produce the most biomass whereas ovine and avian strains produced comparatively less biomass when exposed to high levels of sodium diacetate (SD) and potassium sorbate. Compared to reference strains that exhibited greater acid sensitivity, representative food isolates with comparatively good growth capacities in the presence of 21 mM SD at pH 5.0 accumulated reduced levels of acetate anion and K+ion. The aciduric nature of SD-resistant strains was also reflected by comparatively high tolerance to pH 2.4 (HCl) acid challenges, a property boosted by the presence of SD. Exposure to elevated levels of SD (21 mM SD at pH 5.0) was found to have broad effects on gene expression, as differentiated from effects caused by mildly acidic conditions (pH 5.0). SD-resistant strain FW04/0025 was more responsive to elevated SD, increasing the expression of 222 genes (>2-fold change [P< 0.05]), compared to the more sensitive EGD reference strain, which exhibited increases in expression of 112 genes. Key differences between the strains in relation to SD-enhanced transcripts were notably associated with the cell envelope, oxidative stress management, and intermediary metabolism. SD thus appears to differentially influence growth efficiency and survival of strains, under conditions relevant to acidic foods, that could be due to altered cell wall and metabolic phenotypes.
Monitoring stress and recovery: new insights for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in elite youth soccer players
Authors: Brink Michel S , Visscher Chris , Arends Suzanne , Zwerver Johannes , Post Wendy J , Lemmink Koen APM 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveElite youth soccer players have a relatively high risk for injuries and illnesses due to increased physical and psychosocial stress. The aim of this study is to investigate how measures to monitor stress and recovery, and its analysis, provide useful information for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in elite youth soccer players.Methods53 elite soccer players between 15 and 18 years of age participated in this study. To determine physical stress, soccer players registered training and match duration and session rating of perceived exertion for two competitive seasons by means of daily training logs. The Dutch version of the Recovery Stress Questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sport) was administered monthly to assess the psychosocial stress–recovery state of players. The medical staff collected injury and illness data using the standardised Fédération Internationale de Football Association registration system. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated for injuries and illnesses using multinomial regression analyses. The independent measures were stress and recovery.ResultsDuring the study period, 320 injuries and 82 illnesses occurred. Multinomial regression demonstrated that physical stress was related to both injury and illness (range OR 1.01 to 2.59). Psychosocial stress and recovery were related the occurrence of illness (range OR 0.56 to 2.27).ConclusionsInjuries are related to physical stress. Physical stress and psychosocial stress and recovery are important in relation to illness. Individual monitoring of stress and recovery may provide useful information to prevent soccer players from injuries and illnesses.
Do demographic aspects of neighbouring lizard populations differ? A case study with the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis
Authors: Gracceva Giulia , Bologna Marco , Luiselli Luca , Bombi Pierluigi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDemographic and morphological aspects of two nearby subpopulations of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) were studied, by a capture-mark-recapture procedure, at an archaeological site in the surroundings of Rome, central Italy. In both sites, the births peak was observed in September. Adult sex-ratio was skewed towards males in one subpopulation, but was close to equality in the other. Morphological characteristics were consistent in the two sites, with males always exhibiting larger snout-vent-length and head size. Population size and density, computed by a Jolly-Seber index applied by using POPAN model revealed differences between subpopulations, with lizard density being much higher in the site with higher habitat heterogeneity and shelter availability. Tail condition was similar between sites. The general implications of these data are discussed.
A funnel trap for capture of small arboreal reptiles
Authors: Hardy Giles , Fleming Patricia , Craig Michael , Davis Christine , Grigg Andrew 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSmall arboreal reptiles can be difficult to capture, except in traps, and the physical trap characteristics, drift-fence and bait are critical factors that can influence the efficacy of any trap. We conducted experiments on marbled geckoes (Christinus marmoratus, Gekkonidae) and wall skinks (Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus, Scincidae) that examined bait preferences, attractiveness of different visual and acoustic cues and efficacy of different drift-fence materials to develop a trap for small arboreal reptiles. The experiments showed that both marbled geckos and wall skinks preferred crickets as bait, that wall skinks avoided darkness/cover and that both species had difficulty climbing flashing material covered in oil. This led us to develop an arboreal trap that was made from transparent material, used crickets as bait and had drift-fences constructed from flashing material. When used in the field, the final trap design was effective in capturing arboreal reptiles.
The potential for recovery growth in stunted larvae of
Authors: Jasienski Michal 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHigh-density conditions often result in some individuals becoming stunted, when their growth and development are halted. When conditions improve such individuals may be capable of restarting these processes (recovery growth). Stage-specific recovery growth rates were studied in stunted larvae of <em>Rana temporaria</em> which were removed from high density laboratory cultures, reared individually and fed adequately. Tadpoles originated from two montane populations in southern Poland (Babia Gora range and the Tatra Mountains near Zakopane). During 14 days of rapid growth, the Babia Gora larvae fed at high-food level gained on average 167% of body mass; at lower food level the larvae which started recovery growth at Gosner's stages 34-35 had significantly lower daily relative growth rates than the larvae which started at earlier developmental stages (Gosner's 30-32). The Tatra Mountains larvae showed similar pattern: during the 4-day feeding period, larvae gained 44% of body mass, but individuals which were at the beginning at stage 37 grew at the rate 17% lower than those at stages 32-35. In a separate experiment on <em>Rana sylvatica</em> tadpoles from New England, U.S., the initially stunted larvae increased, on average, almost 6-fold in body mass during two weeks of intense growth following the removal from high density cultures. Developmental arrest preserves the potential of the stunted <em>Rana</em> larvae for very fast growth, allowing them to capitalize on transient improvement of living conditions. However, there is a steady decline in the potential for such growth spurt with increasing advancement of ontogenetic development.
Amphibian mortality levels on Spanish country roads: descriptive and spatial analysis
Authors: Sillero Neftalí 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRoad-kills are the greatest source of direct human-induced wildlife mortality, especially in amphibians. Country roads could act as the most important source of mortality when main roads act as strong barriers hampering the migration movements of some species. Mortality patterns of amphibians on country roads (1380 km) were studied in Salamanca (Spain) in order to quantify the mortality levels, to test the effects of sex and age factors on road-kills, to determine the spatial distribution patterns of road-kills, and to identify routes of migration through a friction map and hotspots of road-kills. From a total of 819 records of amphibians, 38.1% were road-killed and 61.9% were live. Fourteen amphibian species were recorded during the surveys (10 anurans and four urodeles). The species more affected by road-kills were the anurans Bufo calamita, Pelobates cultripes and B. bufo (38.5, 23.4 and 11.9%, respectively). Females had higher incidence of road-kills than males, due to the differential activity patterns of both sexes during the reproductive period. Adults were the most common age period and also the most road-killed. The spatial distribution patterns of live and road-killed records were clustered. On the sampled roads, there were 0.23 road-kills per kilometre and 52 hotspots of road-kills. The friction map showed that most of the road-killed and live specimens were located on migration routes crossing suitable habitats. Conservation measures should be implemented in these areas, as these mortality patterns may be causing significant negative impacts at the population level.
Genetic variation in founder populations of the Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, across the southern United States
Authors: DeVries Ashleigh , Budge Deborah , Schwaner Terry , Schwaner Delilah 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPopulations initially founded by a small number of individuals risk chance increases in some genetic variants and experience periods during which only a few individuals survive to continue the existence of the population. Colonization of new locations by individuals from these founder populations is expected to result in further reduction of variation in founding populations. Tissue samples from the Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, were subjected to allozyme electrophoresis to measure gene frequencies at two polymorphic loci for populations initially introduced to port cities along the Gulf Coast, and which are now distributed across the southern United States. We observed levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity that were markedly reduced in populations more distant from coastal localities, consistent with a hypothesis of founder effect.
Capture-mark-recapture analysis reveals survival correlates in Salamandrina perspicillata (Savi, 1821)
Authors: Antonelli Damiano , Angelini Claudio , Utzeri Carlo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe carried out a mark-recapture survival analysis of female Salamandrina perspicillata in two central Italian populations. Overall survival was similar in both populations (about 85-90% per year) and the estimated lifespan was about twelve years. We detected transients in one population, possibly related to the high density of females in this site. The breeding probability of females was independent from that of the preceding year.
Low mitochondrial divergence of rediscovered southern relict populations of Rana temporaria parvipalmata in Spain
Authors: Ludewig Ann-Kathrin , Vences Miguel , Hauswaldt Susanne , Ferreiro Ricardo , Galán Pedro , Kmiec Jacek , Cabana Martiño 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe determined DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for 44 specimens of the common frog, Rana temporaria parvipalmata, from 14 localities in Galicia, northwestern Spain. We found a low differentiation among all studied individuals, with a maximum of four mutational steps between haplotypes, including those from the southernmost isolated populations on the Manzaneda-Queixa and Trevinca-Segundeira massifs which thus probably originated by a rather recent colonization and likely maintained intermittent gene flow to more northern populations during climatically colder, glacial periods with a higher habitat connectivity.
Can social support in the guise of an oral health education intervention promote mother–infant bonding in Chinese immigrant mothers and their infants?
Authors: Yuan Si-Yang , Freeman Ruth 
Published: May 2010

Objective: To examine if social support in the guise of a culturally sensitive, community-based oral health intervention could promote mother–infant bonding in socially-isolated immigrant mothers. Design: A quasi-experimental design. Participants: A convenience sample of 36 Chinese immigrant mothers with 8-week-old infants was divided into intervention and control groups. Intervention: The ChIME (Chinese Immigrant Mothers oral health Education) programme, a culturally-sensitive oral health education intervention included social support elements. Intervention mothers had five home-visits augmented by telephone calls and open access to the first author (SY). All mothers completed the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) at baseline, when the infant was aged six months and 12 months. The PBQ screened for impaired mother–infant bonding. Results: At baseline, the Chinese mothers had significantly greater mean scores for bonding disorder; rejection and pathological anger and for incipient abuse compared with normative values but equivalent mean scores when compared with normative values for depressed mothers. At 12-month follow-up the intervention compared with control group mothers had significantly greater decreases in mean scores for bonding disorder, rejection and pathological anger and infant-centred anxiety. Conclusion: Social support provided within the guise of a culturally-sensitive oral health education programme assisted socially-isolated immigrant mothers to improve the quality of their relationship with their infants.
Effects of Staple Strength and Raw Wool Blend Make-Up on Processing and Properties from Top to Fabric
Authors: Prins Martin W. , Pierlot Anthony P. 
Published: May 2010

The impact of staple strength on later stage processing of fine fleece wools (19 µm) and the blending with pieces is investigated. The staple strength findings complement those of previous researchers who used wools of different fibre diameters or from single flocks. The results reported here show that, as previously, the direct effect of staple strength is limited to the production of tops, where staple strength influences fibre length in the top and the generation of combing waste. Blending fleece wool and pieces was shown to increase combing noil and reduce fibre length in the top. The topmaking results conducted at CSIRO suggest that there may be an economic advantage in incorporating lower staple strength, and hence cheaper wools, in an all-fleeces consignment while still being able to meet the technical requirements for yarn and fabric production. Although statistically significant, the small tenacity and elongation differences for 1/64 Nm yarns produced from the high and low staple strength test batches appear to have had no significant impact on the fabric tensile properties. There were no inter-batch yarn evenness and fault level differences recorded, with top dyeing having a much greater influence on yarn quality than any differences associated with staple strength. Blending fleeces and pieces in a 60/40 ratio had a greater impact on processing from raw wool to fabric than the effect of staple strength over the range investigated. In comparison to an all-fleeces batch it would appear the economics of processing a fleeces-and-pieces batch may not be attractive, as the blend composition had an adverse effect on yarn fault levels, tenacity and elongation, which in turn may adversely affect weaving performance. However, the effect on fabric properties appears to be minor.
A Multi-component Fiber-reinforced PHEMA-based Hydrogel/HAPEXTM Device for Customized Intervertebral Disc Prosthesis
Authors: Gloria Antonio , De Santis Roberto , Ambrosio Luigi , Causa Filippo , Tanner K. Elizabeth 
Published: May 2010

Spinal disease due to intervertebral disc degeneration represents a serious medical problem which affects many people worldwide. Disc arthroplasty may be considered the future ‘‘gold standard’’ of back pain treatment, even if problems related to available disc prostheses are considered. Hence, the aim of the present study was to improve the artificial disc technology by proposing the engineering of a pilot-scale device production process for a total multi-component intervertebral disc prosthesis. The device is made up of a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PHEMA/PMMA) (80/20 w/w) semi-interpenetrating polymer network (s-IPN) composite hydrogel reinforced with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers as annulus/nucleus substitute, and two hydroxyapatite-reinforced polyethylene composite (HAPEX TM) endplates in order to anchor the multi-component device to the vertebral bodies. Static and dynamic—mechanical characterization show appropriate mechanical behavior. An example of engineering of a suitable pilot-scale device production process is also proposed in order to manufacture custom made implants.
Tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism in human leukocytes is independent of superoxide and is fully maintained in chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: De Ravin Suk See , Zarember Kol A. , Long-Priel Debra , Chan King C. , Fox Stephen D. , Gallin John I. , Kuhns Douglas B. , Malech Harry L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), defective phagocytic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity causes reduced superoxide anion (O2·̄) radical production leading to frequent infections as well as granulomas and impaired wound healing indicative of excessive inflammation. Based on recent mouse studies, the lack of O2·̄-dependent interferon γ (IFNγ)–induced synthesis of kynurenine (kyn), an anti-inflammatory tryptophan metabolite produced by indolamine 2,3 deoxygenase (IDO), was proposed as a cause of hyperinflammation in CGD and this pathway has been considered for clinical intervention. Here, we show that IFNγ induces normal levels of kynurenine in cultures of O2·̄-deficient monocytes, dendritic cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from gp91PHOX- or p47PHOX-deficient human CGD donors. Kynurenine accumulation was dose- and time-dependent as was that of a downstream metabolite, anthranilic acid. Furthermore, urinary and serum levels of kynurenine and a variety of other tryptophan metabolites were elevated rather than suppressed in CGD donors. Although we did not specifically evaluate kyn metabolism in local tissue or inflamed sites in humans, our data demonstrates that O2·̄ anion is dispensable for the rate-limiting step in tryptophan degradation, and CGD patients do not appear to have either hematopoietic cell or systemic deficits in the production of the anti-inflammatory kynurenine molecule.
Fractures of the Second Cervical Vertebra
Authors: Salmon James H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Fractures of the 2nd cervical vertebra are frequently undetected on initial evaluation. Tomography may be necessary to delineate the fracture. This is a report of 20 patients treated by internal fixation using interlaminar wiring. There was no operative mortality. Follow-up studies, an average of 25 months after operation, demonstrated satisfactory results and no evidence of delayed neurological deficit.
Self-contained Tubular Drill Guard for Anterior Cervical Fusion
Authors: Solomon Alexandre , Herz David A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A self-contained tubular drill guard was adapted for use in performing anterior cervical discectomies and interbody fusions. The use of this instrument climinates steps. provides absolute safety against drilling too deeply, allows for adjustment in individual cases, provides for easy inspection of the trephine hole, permits electing the cephalocaudal angle of the drill, and gives a measurement of the ultimate depth of the trephine hole. In 171 consecutive operations only one neurological complication occurred, and total morbidity related to cervical surgery was 6% (7% morbidity was associated with surgery at the donor site). The data suggest that the technical modification herein advocated reduces the surgical complication rate.
Combined Cranio-orbital Surgery for Extensive Malignant Neoplasms of the Orbit
Authors: Sypert George W. , Habal Mutaz B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Extensive, invasive neoplasms of the cranio-orbital region are generally considered to be inoperable and are treated with local radiation therapy and occasionally with chemotherapy. Upon local recurrence of these neoplasms, further treatment efforts are usually deemed futile. Over the past 4 years, 10 patients with extensive neoplasms of the cranioorbital region that were previously thought to be inoperable were referred to us for further evaluation. Five of these patients had failed an intensive course of radiation therapy. Radical regional cranio-orbital resection was performed. The resection included the skin, globe, sphenoid wings, and orbitofrontal bone. The maxillary sinus and nasal septum were left exposed. The exposed dura mater and the frontal and temporal bones were resurfaced with split-thickness skin grafts. All patients in this series have survived free of local disease to date. Combined cranio-orbital resection offers both palliation and a possible cure for patients with extensive, invasive neoplasms of the cranio-orbital region. Reconstructive surgery can be performed using full-thickness flaps after 2 years of observation for local recurrence.
Os Odontoideum in Children
Authors: Dyck Peter 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The os odontoideum is a congenital anomaly of the 2nd cervical vertebra. It is an ossicle that is separated from the body of the axis by a variable transverse gap. This weakens atlantoaxial stability. When ligamentous support also fails, subluxation ensues. Compressive myelopathy and vertebral artery obliteration may occur. Eight cases, all in children, were studied prospectively. The neurological manifestations and surgical indications and treatment are discussed.