bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II Study of Cediranib, an Oral Pan–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Batchelor Tracy T. , Duda Dan G. , di Tomaso Emmanuelle , Ancukiewicz Marek , Plotkin Scott R. , Gerstner Elizabeth , Eichler April F. , Drappatz Jan , Hochberg Fred H. , Benner Thomas , Louis David N. , Cohen Kenneth S. , Chea Houng , Exarhopoulos Alexis , Loeffler Jay S. , Moses Marsha A. , Ivy Percy , Sorensen A. Gregory , Wen Patrick Y. , Jain Rakesh K. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose Glioblastoma is an incurable solid tumor characterized by increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We performed a phase II study of cediranib in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Methods Cediranib, an oral pan-VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was administered (45 mg/d) until progression or unacceptable toxicity to patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The primary end point was the proportion of patients alive and progression free at 6 months (APF6). We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and plasma and urinary biomarker evaluations at multiple time points. Results Thirty-one patients with recurrent glioblastoma were accrued. APF6 after cediranib was 25.8%. Radiographic partial responses were observed by MRI in 17 (56.7%) of 30 evaluable patients using three-dimensional measurements and in eight (27%) of 30 evaluable patients using two-dimensional measurements. For the 15 patients who entered the study taking corticosteroids, the dose was reduced (n = 10) or discontinued (n = 5). Toxicities were manageable. Grade 3/4 toxicities included hypertension (four of 31; 12.9%); diarrhea (two of 31; 6.4%); and fatigue (six of 31; 19.4%). Fifteen (48.4%) of 31 patients required at least one dose reduction and 15 patients required temporary drug interruptions due to toxicity. Drug interruptions were not associated with outcome. Changes in plasma placental growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, soluble VEGF receptor 1, stromal cell–derived factor-1α, and soluble Tek/Tie2 receptor and in urinary MMP-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin activity after cediranib were associated with radiographic response or survival. Conclusion Cediranib monotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma is associated with encouraging proportions of radiographic response, 6-month progression-free survival, and a steroid-sparing effect with manageable toxicity. We identified early changes in circulating molecules as potential biomarkers of response to cediranib. The efficacy of cediranib and the predictive value of these candidate biomarkers will be explored in prospective trials.
Phase II Study of Sorafenib in Combination With Docetaxel and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Metastatic or Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: ECOG 5203
Authors: Sun Weijing , Powell Mark , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Catalano Paul , Ansari Rafat H. , Benson Al B. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose The combination of sorafenib with chemotherapy is well-tolerated and is associated with encouraging response rates in several malignances. Both docetaxel and cisplatin are active in gastric cancer. A phase II study was conducted to determine the efficacy and toxicity of combined sorafenib, docetaxel, and cisplatin in patients with metastatic or advanced adenocarcinoma of stomach or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Patients and Methods Forty-four chemotherapy-naïve patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1, of whom 80% had metastatic disease and two thirds had poorly differentiated gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma, were enrolled. The treatment regimen was sorafenib 400 mg orally twice a day for 21 days, docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, repeated every 21 days. The primary end point was response rate to the combination. Toxicity, overall survival, and progression-free survival were assessed as secondary end points. Results Eighteen of the 44 eligible and treated patients showed partial responses (41%; 90% CI, 28% to 54%). The median progression-free survival was 5.8 months (90% CI, 5.4 to 7.4 months). The median overall survival was 13.6 months (90% CI, 8.6 to 16.1 month). The major toxicity of this regimen was neutropenia, which reached grade 3 to 4 in 64% of patients. One patient experienced hemorrhage at the tumor site. Conclusion The combination of sorafenib, docetaxel, and cisplatin has an encouraging efficacy profile with tolerable toxicity. Additional studies of sorafenib with chemotherapy are warranted in gastric cancer.
Direct Measurement of Vertical Electron Binding Energies of Solvated Electrons in Methanol and Ethanol
Authors: Shen Huan , Kurahashi Naoya , Horio Takuya , Sekiguchi Kentaro , Suzuki Toshinori 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy at ultralow kinetic energy was applied to liquid beams of NaI solutions in methanol and ethanol. Solvated electrons were formed from I− ions in these solutions by charge transfer to solvent reactions. The vertical electron binding energies of the solvated electrons were determined for the first time. Both of the binding energies were found to be 3.10 ± 0.1 eV. This is in reasonable agreement with the dielectric continuum model of solvated electrons using the previously measured vertical binding energy of a hydrated electron. This indicates that the cavity radii of solvated electrons in water, methanol, and ethanol are approximately the same (0.33–0.35 nm).
Organic Computing: A Grand Challenge for Mastering Complex Systems
Authors: Müller-Schloer Christian , Schmeck Hartmut 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The successful management of complex systems is one of the classical key challenges of Informatics. Since various intelligent systems are increasingly interconnected, new adequate system architectures and methods are required supporting a highly automated, autonomous system management as well as providing interfaces for control actions by human users in order to allow a reasonable response to changing requirements and unexpected environmental operating conditions. The vision of Organic Computing postulates the desired adaptive behaviour of these systems. Even if some system concepts of Organic Computing have already been developed and successfully tested in specific application scenarios, the widespread provision of organic computer systems will remain a fascinating challenge for research.
Deutscher Qualifikationsrahmen: Erprobung und Kritik
Authors: Kastens Uwe 
Published: May 2010

Zusammenfassung
Schon im Jahre 2006 haben das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) und die Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK) einen Prozess zur Entwicklung eines “Deutschen Qualifikationsrahmens für lebenslanges Lernen (DQR)” in Gang gesetzt. Er soll dazu dienen, Qualifikationen, die in der allgemeinen, der Hochschulbildung und der beruflichen Bildung erworben werden, nach ihrem Niveau einzuordnen. Nach Vorstellung der Initiatoren soll der DQR ab 2012 auf alle Bildungsgänge des deutschen Bildungssystems angewandt werden. An den deutschen Hochschulen ist dieser Prozess bisher recht wenig beachtet worden, obwohl er erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Strukturen, Inhalte, Organisation und Beschreibung ihrer Bildungsgänge haben kann. Andererseits ist großes Interesse daran in einem breiten Spektrum gesellschaftlicher Gruppen zu beobachten, z. B. in Verbänden der Industrie, des Handwerks, in Gewerkschaften, Wissenschaftsorganisationen und in politischen Parteien. Dieses Papier soll die Aufmerksamkeit der zukünftig Betroffenen auf den DQR lenken. Die Strukturen des DQR im derzeitigen Entwicklungsstand werden kurz vorgestellt. Dann wird gezeigt, dass er einige grundsätzliche Defekte hat, die seiner Anwendung entgegenstehen.
A Genetic Model for the Female Sterility Barrier Between Asian and African Cultivated Rice Species
Authors: Garavito Andrea , Guyot Romain , Lozano Jaime , Gavory Frédérick , Samain Sylvie , Panaud Olivier , Tohme Joe , Ghesquière Alain , Lorieux Mathias 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
S1 is the most important locus acting as a reproductive barrier between Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima. It is a complex locus, with factors that may affect male and female fertility separately. Recently, the component causing the allelic elimination of pollen was fine mapped. However, the position and nature of the component causing female sterility remains unknown. To fine map the factor of the S1 locus affecting female fertility, we developed a mapping approach based on the evaluation of the degree of female transmission ratio distortion (fTRD) of markers. Through implementing this methodology in four O. sativa × O. glaberrima crosses, the female component of the S1 locus was mapped into a 27.8-kb (O. sativa) and 50.3-kb (O. glaberrima) region included within the interval bearing the male component of the locus. Moreover, evidence of additional factors interacting with S1 was also found. In light of the available data, a model where incompatibilities in epistatic interactions between S1 and the additional factors are the cause of the female sterility barrier between O. sativa and O. glaberrima was developed to explain the female sterility and the TRD mediated by S1. According to our model, the recombination ratio and allelic combinations between these factors would determine the final allelic frequencies observed for a given cross.
JIL-1 and Su(var)3-7 Interact Genetically and Counteract Each Other's Effect on Position-Effect Variegation in Drosophila
Authors: Deng Huai , Cai Weili , Wang Chao , Lerach Stephanie , Delattre Marion , Girton Jack , Johansen Jørgen , Johansen Kristen M 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The essential JIL-1 histone H3S10 kinase is a key regulator of chromatin structure that functions to maintain euchromatic domains while counteracting heterochromatization and gene silencing. In the absence of the JIL-1 kinase, two of the major heterochromatin markers H3K9me2 and HP1a spread in tandem to ectopic locations on the chromosome arms. Here we address the role of the third major heterochromatin component, the zinc-finger protein Su(var)3-7. We show that the lethality but not the chromosome morphology defects associated with the null JIL-1 phenotype to a large degree can be rescued by reducing the dose of the Su(var)3-7 gene and that Su(var)3-7 and JIL-1 loss-of-function mutations have an antagonistic and counterbalancing effect on position-effect variegation (PEV). Furthermore, we show that in the absence of JIL-1 kinase activity, Su(var)3-7 gets redistributed and upregulated on the chromosome arms. Reducing the dose of the Su(var)3-7 gene dramatically decreases this redistribution; however, the spreading of H3K9me2 to the chromosome arms was unaffected, strongly indicating that ectopic Su(var)3-9 activity is not a direct cause of lethality. These observations suggest a model where Su(var)3-7 functions as an effector downstream of Su(var)3-9 and H3K9 dimethylation in heterochromatic spreading and gene silencing that is normally counteracted by JIL-1 kinase activity.
The Antidepressant Sertraline Targets Intracellular Vesiculogenic Membranes in Yeast
Authors: Rainey Meredith M , Korostyshevsky Daniel , Lee Sean , Perlstein Ethan O 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that the clinical antidepressant sertraline (Zoloft) is biologically active in model systems, including fungi, which do not express its putative protein target, the serotonin/5-HT transporter, thus demonstrating the existence of one or more secondary targets. Here we show that in the absence of its putative protein target, sertraline targets phospholipid membranes that comprise the acidic organelles of the intracellular vesicle transport system by a mechanism consistent with the bilayer couple hypothesis. On the basis of a combination of drug-resistance selection and chemical-genomic screening, we hypothesize that loss of vacuolar ATPase activity reduces uptake of sertraline into cells, whereas dysregulation of clathrin function reduces the affinity of membranes for sertraline. Remarkably, sublethal doses of sertraline stimulate growth of mutants with impaired clathrin function. Ultrastructural studies of sertraline-treated cells revealed a phenotype that resembles phospholipidosis induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs in mammalian cells. Using reconstituted enzyme assays, we also demonstrated that sertraline inhibits phospholipase A1 and phospholipase D, exhibits mixed effects on phospholipase C, and activates phospholipase A2. Overall, our study identifies two evolutionarily conserved membrane-active processes—vacuolar acidification and clathrin-coat formation—as modulators of sertraline's action at membranes.
Characteristics Associated With Pediatric Inpatient Death
Authors: Slonim Anthony D. , Khandelwal Sachin , He Jianping , Hall Matthew , Stockwell David C. , Turenne Wendy M. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The primary objective of this study was to obtain a broad understanding of inpatient deaths across academic children's hospitals.

METHODS:
A nonconcurrent cohort study of children hospitalized in 37 academic children's hospitals in 2005 was performed. The primary outcome was death. Patient characteristics including age, gender, race, diagnostic grouping, and insurance status and epidemiological measures including standardized mortality rate and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were used.

RESULTS:
A total of 427 615 patients were discharged during the study period, of whom 4529 (1.1%) died. Neonates had the highest mortality rate (4.03%; odds ratio: 8.66; P &lt; .001), followed by patients &gt;18 years of age (1.4%; odds ratio: 2.86; P &lt; .001). The SMRs ranged from 0.46 (all patient-refined, diagnosis-related group 663, other anemias and disorders of blood) to 30.0 (all patient-refined, diagnosis-related group 383, cellulitis and other bacterial skin infections). When deaths were compared according to institution, there was considerable variability in both the number of children who died and the SMRs at those institutions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patient characteristics, such as age, severity, and diagnosis, were all substantive factors associated with the death of children. Opportunities to improve the environment of care by reducing variability within and between hospitals may improve mortality rates for hospitalized children.
The Early Motor Repertoire of Children Born Preterm Is Associated With Intelligence at School Age
Authors: Bruggink Janneke L. M. , Van Braeckel Koenraad N. , Bos Arend F. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to determine whether the quality of general movements (GMs) for preterm children had predictive value for cognitive development at school age.

METHODS:
In this prospective cohort study, 60 preterm infants (gestational age, median: 30.0 weeks [range: 25–33 weeks]; birth weight, median: 1130 g [range: 595–1800 g]) without cerebral palsy were studied. The quality of GMs was assessed prospectively as normal or abnormal, from video recordings that were made at regular intervals until 17 weeks after term. At 7 to 11 years, intelligence was tested by using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III, Dutch version. Total IQ (TIQ), verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) scores were calculated.

RESULTS:
The median TIQ was 93 (range: 67–113), VIQ 96 (range: 68–117), and PIQ 92 (range: 65–119). Fifteen children (25%) had low TIQ scores (&lt;85). When the quality of GMs normalized before 8 weeks after term, TIQ, VIQ, and PIQ scores were in the normal range. Consistently abnormal GMs to 8 weeks after term were associated with lower TIQ, VIQ, and PIQ scores. With correction for male gender and the educational levels of the parents, the likelihood ratio of consistently abnormal GMs for a low TIQ was 4.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.3–17.6). The model explained 22.4% of the variance.

CONCLUSIONS:
The quality of GMs during the early postterm period is a marker for intelligence at school age. Abnormal GMs during the early postterm period may reflect injury or developmental disruptions of brain areas involved in cognitive development.
Prevalence of Diagnosed Sleep Disorders in Pediatric Primary Care Practices
Authors: Meltzer Lisa J. , Johnson Courtney , Crosette Jonathan , Ramos Mark , Mindell Jodi A. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:The primary aim was to determine the prevalence of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), sleep disorders diagnosed by pediatric providers in a large, primary care network. Secondary aims were to examine demographic variables related to these diagnoses and to examine the frequency of prescriptions for medications potentially used to treat sleep disorders.METHODS:Electronic medical records were reviewed for 154957 patients (0–18 years) seen for a well-child visit in 2007. Information collected included ICD-9 sleep diagnoses, demographic variables, comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders, provider type, and medications.RESULTS:Across all ages, 3.7% of youths had an ICD-9 diagnosis for a sleep disorder. The most-common diagnoses were sleep disorder not otherwise specified, enuresis, and sleep-disordered breathing. Predictors of sleep disorders varied according to developmental age group and included growth parameters, comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder, and provider type. Potential sleep-related medications were prescribed for 6.1% of the sample subjects.CONCLUSIONS:This study is one of the first to examine comprehensively ICD-9 sleep diagnoses given by primary care providers in a large representative sample of children 0 to 18 years of age. The 3.7% of patients with ICD-9 sleep diagnoses is significantly lower than prevalence rates reported in epidemiological studies, which suggests that primary care providers may be underdiagnosing sleep disorders in children and adolescents. Because sleep disorders are treatable when recognized, the results from this study suggest a significant need for additional education and support for primary care providers in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric sleep disorders.
Vinand Petroleum, Inc.: Initial Audit Engagement and Fraud Risk Case for a Specialized Industry
Authors: Owhoso Vincent , Weickgenannt Andrea 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT: This instructional case allows students to apply various professional standards to the evaluation of audit risk, fraud risk, and client acceptance issues on a new client engagement. It focuses on the audit of a new client in the oil and gas industry when information from a whistle-blower raises questions about the possibility of fraud. In Part I of the case, students are asked to identify unique characteristics of the contract bidding practices within this specialized industry, and to evaluate the related audit risk and client acceptance issues. Part II considers the impact of a whistle-blower letter on the auditors’ professional skepticism, communication requirements, and related fraud risk issues.
Suitable for auditing courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, this case portrays a timely scenario, not only because of the applicable recent auditing pronouncements, but also because it presents a specialized and regulated industry that has also been highly publicized.
Using a Critical Literacy Approach in the EFL Class
Authors: Farralelli Mariana 
Published: May 2010

Thinking critically is an ability which is to be developed in the EFL class as a result of the generalized process of globalization, immigration and poverty. It is essential for teachers to be aware of the fact that tolerance, dialogue among cultures and deconstruction of texts need to be exercised so that students can dissect dominant discourses and allow for diversity knocking down stereotypes. What follows is a detailed guide of all those aspects teachers should take into account if they are to indicate in their students a critical way to approach reality. Key words: critical literacy, thinking skills, power relations, discourse DOI: 10.3126/nelta.v14i1.3088 Journal of NELTA Vol.14, No 1&2, 2009 December Page: 26-31
Assessing English Language Teaching Student Teachers on Teaching Practice
Authors: Subedi Dhanapati 
Published: May 2010

The implementation of teaching practice in ELT is an effective way in improving practices of our student teachers. This study therefore focuses on assessment of teaching practice conducted by the School of Education, Kathmandu University for M.Ed ELT student teachers. A total of 16 student teachers, 100 students, 16 co- teachers and 16 principals of higher educational institutions involved in the study. The study reveals that there has been an improvement in teaching practice particularly on classroom dynamics. However enough training on lesson plan preparation, presentation, class management, communication skills, evaluation and project work is necessary to our student teachers in order to improve English language teaching. The study is expected to be useful to academic planners, ELT planners, curriculum designers, textbook writers, teachers and practitioners. Key words: Teaching practice, reflection, student-teachers, lesson plan DOI: 10.3126/nelta.v14i1.3102 Journal of NELTA Vol.14, No 1&2, 2009 December Page: 138-145
Interpretation of Poetry Through Drama Activities
Authors: Vodickova Milena 
Published: May 2010

This article will demonstrate how an effective lesson in poetry, which frequently frightens young people or to which they have a hostile attitude, can instead appeal to them. It is only important to choose the right text and the right method. In the lesson described in this article, students interpreted a poem through drama activities, and performing the roles of the characters enabled them to relax and provided them with more opportunities to speak English than in regular literature lessons. As the students found the lesson interesting and thought that teenagers could also enjoy it, this approach can be considered as an inspiration for their future career. Key words: role-play, teacher-in-role, hot seating, still image DOI: 10.3126/nelta.v14i1.3103 Journal of NELTA Vol.14, No 1&2, 2009 December Page: 146-150
Development of Ni–Mn-based alloys for the fast epitaxial braze-repair of single-crystalline nickel-based superalloys
Authors: Laux Britta , Rösler Joachim 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Diffusion brazing is a widely-used technology for the repair of cracks in hot section turbine components, mostly fabricated from nickel-based superalloys. However, the filling of wide cracks in the range of 100–300 μm is difficult since the precipitation of brittle secondary phases, which are formed by the conventionally used melting point depressants B and Si, leads to deteriorating mechanical properties. Therefore, new Ni – Mn-based braze alloys were developed which allow a very fast epitaxial healing of particularly wide cracks in single-crystalline components. As B and Si are replaced by Mn, the repair process can be significantly shortened since the epitaxial solidification is not completely controlled by diffusion but can also be controlled by cooling. Ni – Mn-based systems enhanced by Al, Cr and Ti were investigated. In this work an improved brazing cycle for the minimization of porosity within the braze gap as well as an enhanced heat treatment, which produces a γ/γ′ microstructure very similar to the parent material, are presented. Results from tensile tests at room temperature and at 900 °C conducted on 300 μm gap width samples are discussed.