bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Garnet exsolution in pyroxene from clinopyroxenites in the Moldanubian zone: constraining the early pre‐convergence history of ultramafic rocks in the Variscan orogen
Authors: FARYAD S. W. , DOLEJŠ D. , MACHEK M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExsolution lamellae of garnet in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene porphyroclasts from garnet pyroxenites in the Moldanubian zone were studied to elucidate the pressure–temperature conditions of the exsolution process and to reconstruct the burial and exhumation path of ultramafic rocks in the Variscan orogen. The porphyroclasts occur in a fine‐grained matrix with metamorphic fabrics, which consists of clinopyroxene and small amounts of garnet, orthopyroxene and amphibole. The clinopyroxene porphyroclasts contain garnet + orthopyroxene lamellae as well as ilmenite rods that have orientation parallel to (100) planes of the porphyroclasts. Orthopyroxene porphyroclasts host garnet and clinopyroxene lamellae, which show the same lattice preferred orientation. In both cases, lamellar orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and garnet were partially replaced by secondary amphibole. Composition of exsolution phases and that of host pyroxene were reintegrated according to measured modal proportions and demonstrate that the primary pyroxene was enriched in Al and contained 8–11 mol.% Tschermak components. Conventional thermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling on the reintegrated pyroxene indicate that primary clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene megacrysts crystallized at 1300–1400 °C and 2.2–2.5 GPa. Unmixing and exsolution of garnet and a second pyroxene phase occurred in response to cooling and pressure increase before the peak pressure of 4.5–5.0 GPa was reached at ∼1100 °C. This scenario is consistent with a burial of hot upper‐mantle ultramafics into a cold subcratonic environment and subsequent exhumation through 900 °C and 2.2–3.3 GPa, when the pyroxenites would have partially recrystallized during tectonic incorporation into eclogites and felsic granulites.
Restoration of Degraded Grazing Lands through Grazing Management: Can It Work?
Authors: Papanastasis Vasilios P. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract Grazing lands are the most degraded land use type in the world, particularly in arid and semiarid areas, as a result of improper human activities such as overgrazing coupled with drought. For restoration of degraded grazing lands, large‐scale projects are implemented, which include extensive vegetation improvements (e.g., reseeding, weed control, shrub plantations, reforestations, etc.). Such interventions, apart from being very expensive, often create environmental problems. In situations where the abiotic function of the degraded grazing land has not been irreversibly damaged, application of appropriate grazing management is an ecologically viable solution to their restoration. This is especially necessary for grazed lands with a long history of grazing by large herbivores, including livestock. Excluding domestic animals from such ecosystems may lead to several ecological problems such as loss of biodiversity and devastating wildfires. Appropriate grazing management should include an adjusted stocking rate to the grazing capacity of the restored land, the right kind of animal species, and an appropriate grazing system. In addition, grazing management should be implemented on the basis of a plan that is part of the restoration project. It is concluded that grazing management should become a priority option in restoration of the biotic function of degraded grazing lands, especially in those that have had a long history with the presence of domestic animals.
Agro‐Successional Restoration as a Strategy to Facilitate Tropical Forest Recovery
Authors: Vieira Daniel L. M. , Holl Karen D. , Peneireiro Fabiana M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWith the increasing need to restore former agricultural lands worldwide and in the tropics, in particular, it is critical to explore different models for how to restore these lands in a cost‐effective manner which best simulates natural forest recovery and provides for human livelihoods. We propose that agro‐successional restoration, which we define as incorporating a range of agroecology and agroforestry techniques as a transition phase early in forest restoration, could be used more widely to overcome socioeconomic and ecological obstacles to restoring these lands. Over centuries, farmers and scientists have developed various agroforestry techniques that aim to cultivate crops and trees, in a range of crop types, time periods of cultivation (a few years to several decades), and complexity of species planted. The management practices used in these systems, such as weeding and increasing soil fertility, parallel those used in many forest restoration efforts. The synergism between these approaches is evidenced by many existing agro‐successional examples currently used by smallholders in the tropics. Benefits of the agro‐successional model include extending the management period of restoration, offsetting some management costs, providing food security for small landholders, and involving small landholders in the restoration process.
To what extent does the crown–implant ratio affect the survival and complications of implant‐supported reconstructions? A systematic review
Authors: Blanes Rafael Juan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the occurrence of biological and technical complications with respect to the crown–implant (C/I) ratio of implant‐supported reconstructions.Material and methods: Electronic (MEDLINE) and hand searches were conducted for longitudinal prospective studies with a follow‐up period of at least 4 years. One reviewer performed screening and data abstraction. The following complications were evaluated: implant survival, peri‐implant crestal bone loss, implant fracture, and technical complications related to implant components and suprastructure.Results: The search provided 41 articles and abstracts, seven of which were selected for full‐text analysis. Only two articles were finally included. A qualitative data analysis revealed that the survival rate of implant‐supported reconstructions with a C/I ratio of more than 2 was 94.1%. In addition, peri‐implant crestal bone loss seemed not to be influenced by the C/I ratio of the implant rehabilitation, except in one study, which noted greater crestal bone loss with lower (<1) compared with higher (>2) C/I ratios. Technical complications related to implant components and suprastructure according to different C/I ratios were not found in any of the studies.Conclusions: Despite the diversity among studies with respect to data collection and study design, the current literature shows that the C/I ratios of implant‐supported reconstructions do not influence peri‐implant crestal bone loss.
What influence do anticoagulants have on oral implant therapy? A systematic review
Authors: Madrid Carlos , Sanz Mariano 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives:This systematic review aims to assess the risks (both thromboembolic and bleeding) of an oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) patient undergoing implant therapy and to provide a management protocol to patients under OAT undergoing implant therapy.Material and methods:Medline, Cochrane Data Base of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE (from 1980 to December 2008) were searched for English‐language articles published between 1966 and 2008. This search was completed by a hand research accessing the references cited in all identified publications.Results:Nineteen studies were identified reporting outcomes after oral surgery procedures (mostly dental extractions in patients on OAT following different management protocols and haemostatic therapies). Five studies were randomized‐controlled trials (RCTs), 11 were controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and three were prospective case series. The OAT management strategies as well as the protocols during and after surgery were different. This heterogeneity prevented any possible data aggregation and synthesis. The results from these studies are very homogeneous, reporting minor bleeding in very few patients, without a significant difference between the OAT patients who continue with the vitamin K antagonists vs. the patients who stopped this medication before surgery. These post‐operative bleeding events were controlled only with local haemostatic measures: tranexamic acid mouthwashes, gelatine sponges and cellulose gauzes's application were effective. Post‐operative bleeding did not correlate with the international normalised ratio (INR) status. In none of the studies was a thromboembolic event reported.Conclusions:OAT patients (INR 2–4) who do not discontinue the AC medication do not have a significantly higher risk of post‐operative bleeding than non‐OAT patients and they also do not have a higher risk of post‐operative bleeding than OAT patients who discontinue the medication. In patients with OAT (INR 2–4) without discontinuation, topical haemostatic agents were effective in preventing post‐operative bleeding. OAT discontinuation is not recommended for minor oral surgery, such as single tooth extraction or implant placement, provided that this does not involve autogenous bone grafts, extensive flaps or osteotomy preparations extending outside the bony envelope. Evidence does not support that dental implant placement in patients on OAT is contraindicated.
Effects of different implant surfaces and designs on marginal bone‐level alterations: a review
Authors: Abrahamsson Ingemar , Berglundh Tord 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effect of different implant surfaces and designs on marginal bone‐level (MBL) alterations.Material and methods: A MEDLINE search (PubMed) was performed to identify clinical, prospective and controlled studies using a sufficient sample size (>10 subjects) and with a follow‐up time of ≥3 years.Results: Ten publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two studies evaluated the influence of implant surface characteristics and two studies reported on the effect of implant design on MBL changes. Six publications analyzed the combined effect of different implant surfaces and designs on MBL alterations. As revealed from available studies, there is no evidence that modified surfaces are superior to non‐modified implant surfaces in marginal bone preservation. One study reported on significantly improved MBL preservation for implants with a conical and micro‐threaded marginal collar than implants with a cylindrical and non‐threaded marginal portion after 3 years in function. No implant system was found to be superior in marginal bone preservation.
A systematic review assessing soft tissue augmentation techniques
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Benić Goran I. , Zwahlen Marcel , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim: The aim of the present review was to systematically assess the dental literature in terms of soft tissue grafting techniques. The focused question was: is one method superior over others for augmentation and stability of the augmented soft tissue in terms of increasing the width of keratinized tissue (part 1) and gain in soft tissue volume (part 2).Methods: A Medline search was performed for human studies focusing on augmentation of keratinized tissue and/or soft tissue volume, and complemented by additional hand searching. Relevant studies were identified and statistical results were reported for meta‐analyses including the test minus control weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals, the I‐squared statistic for tests of heterogeneity, and the number of significant studies.Results: Twenty‐five (part 1) and three (part 2) studies met the inclusion criteria; 14 studies (part 1) were eligible for comparison using meta‐analyses. An apically positioned flap/vestibuloplasty (APF/V) procedure resulted in a statistically significantly greater gain in keratinized tissue than untreated controls. APF/V plus autogenous tissue revealed statistically significantly more attached gingiva compared with untreated controls and a borderline statistical significance compared with APF/V plus allogenic tissue. Statistically significantly more shrinkage was observed for the APF/V plus allogenic graft compared with the APF/V plus autogenous tissue. Patient‐centered outcomes did not reveal any of the treatment methods to be superior regarding postoperative complications. The three studies reporting on soft tissue volume augmentation could not be compared due to lack of homogeneity. The use of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) resulted in statistically significantly more soft tissue volume gain compared with free gingival grafts (FGGs).Conclusions: APF/V is a successful treatment concept to increase the width of keratinized tissue or attached gingiva around teeth. The addition of autogenous tissue statistically significantly increases the width of attached gingiva. For soft tissue volume augmentation, only limited data are available favoring SCTGs over FGG.
Are ceramic implants a viable alternative to titanium implants? A systematic literature review
Authors: Andreiotelli Marina , Wenz Hans J. , Kohal Ralf‐Joachim 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim: The aim of this systematic review was to screen the literature in order to locate animal and clinical data on bone–implant contact (BIC) and clinical survival/success that would help to answer the question ‘Are ceramic implants a viable alternative to titanium implants?’Material and methods: A literature search was performed in the following databases: (1) the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, (2) the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (3) MEDLINE (Ovid), and (4) PubMed. To evaluate biocompatibility, animal investigations were scrutinized regarding the amount of BIC and to assess implant longevity clinical data were evaluated.Results: The PubMed search yielded 349 titles and the Cochrane/MEDLINE search yielded 881 titles. Based upon abstract screening and discarding duplicates from both searches, 100 full‐text articles were obtained and subjected to additional evaluation. A further publication was included based on the manual search. The selection process resulted in the final sample of 25 studies. No (randomized) controlled clinical trials regarding the outcome of zirconia and alumina ceramic implants could be found.The systematic review identified histological animal studies showing similar BIC between alumina, zirconia and titanium. Clinical investigations using different alumina oral implants up to 10 years showed survival/success rates in the range of 23 to 98% for different indications. The included zirconia implant studies presented a survival rate from 84% after 21 months to 98% after 1 year.Conclusions: No difference was found in the rate of osseointegration between the different implant materials in animal experiments. Only cohort investigations were located with questionable scientific value. Alumina implants did not perform satisfactorily and therefore, based on this review, are not a viable alternative to titanium implants. Currently, the scientific clinical data for ceramic implants in general and for zirconia implants in particular are not sufficient to recommend ceramic implants for routine clinical use. Zirconia, however, may have the potential to be a successful implant material, although this is as yet unsupported by clinical investigations.
A systematic review on the accuracy and the clinical outcome of computer‐guided template‐based implant dentistry
Authors: Schneider David , Marquardt Pascal , Zwahlen Marcel , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the dental literature regarding accuracy and clinical application in computer‐guided template‐based implant dentistry.Materials and methods: An electronic literature search complemented by manual searching was performed to gather data on accuracy and surgical, biological and prosthetic complications in connection with computer‐guided implant treatment. For the assessment of accuracy meta‐regression analysis was performed. Complication rates are descriptively summarized.Results: From 3120 titles after the literature search, eight articles met the inclusion criteria regarding accuracy and 10 regarding the clinical performance. Meta‐regression analysis revealed a mean deviation at the entry point of 1.07 mm (95% CI: 0.76–1.22 mm) and at the apex of 1.63 mm (95% CI: 1.26–2 mm). No significant differences between the studies were found regarding method of template production or template support and stabilization. Early surgical complications occurred in 9.1%, early prosthetic complications in 18.8% and late prosthetic complications in 12% of the cases. Implant survival rates of 91–100% after an observation time of 12–60 months are reported in six clinical studies with 537 implants mainly restored immediately after flapless implantation procedures.Conclusion: Computer‐guided template‐based implant placement showed high implant survival rates ranging from 91% to 100%. However, a considerable number of technique‐related perioperative complications were observed. Preclinical and clinical studies indicated a reasonable mean accuracy with relatively high maximum deviations. Future research should be directed to increase the number of clinical studies with longer observation periods and to improve the systems in terms of perioperative handling, accuracy and prosthetic complications.
The mesenchymal component of hair follicle neogenesis: background, methods and molecular characterization
Authors: Ohyama Manabu , Zheng Ying , Paus Ralf , Stenn Kurt S. 
Published: July 2009

Please cite this paper as: The mesenchymal component of hair follicle neogenesis: background, methods and molecular characterization. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 89–99.Abstract:  Hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration occur by an extensive and collaborative crosstalk between epithelial and mesenchymal skin components. A series of pioneering studies, which revealed an indispensable role of follicular dermal papilla and dermal sheath cells in this crosstalk, has led workers in the field to study in detail the anatomical distribution, functional properties, and molecular signature of the trichogenic dermal cells. The purpose of this paper was to provide a practical summary of the development and recent advances in the study of trichogenic dermal cells. Following a short review of the relevant literature, the methods for isolating and culturing these cells are summarized. Next, the bioassays, both in vivo and in vitro, that enable the evaluation of trichogenic properties of tested dermal cells are described in detail. A list of trichogenic molecular markers identified by those assays is also provided. Finally, this methods review is completed by defining some of the major questions needing resolution.
Parents, siblings and grandparents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit A survey of policies in eight European countries
Authors: Greisen Gorm , Mirante Nadia , Haumont Dominique , Pierrat Veronique , Pallás‐Alonso Carmen R. , Warren Inga , Smit Bert J. , Westrup Björn , Sizun Jacques , Maraschini Alice , Cuttini Marina ,   for the ESF Network
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective:  To describe policies towards family visiting in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and compare findings with those of a survey carried out 10 years earlier.Methods:  A questionnaire on early developmental care practices was mailed to 362 units in eight European countries (Sweden, Denmark, the UK, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain and Italy). Of them 78% responded, and among those responded, 175 reported caring for at least 50 very low birth weight infants every year and their responses were analysed further.Results:  A majority of all units allowed access at any time for both parents. This was almost universal in northern Europe and the UK, whereas it was the policy of less than one‐third of NICU in Spain and Italy, with France in an intermediate position. Restrictions on visiting of grandparents, siblings and friends, as well as restricting parents’ presence during medical rounds and procedures followed the same pattern. A composite visiting score was computed using all the variables related to family visiting. Lower median values and larger variability were obtained for the southern countries, indicating more restrictive attitudes and lack of national policy.Conclusions:  The presence of parents and other family members in European NICUs has improved over a 10‐year period. Several barriers, however, are still in place, particularly in the South European countries.
Rotavirus gastroenteritis complicated with toxic megacolon
Authors: Hung Chia‐Wei , Wu Wei‐Fong , Wu Chen‐Long 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRotavirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in young children, which may indicate hospitalization due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Most cases are self‐limited with good prognosis. The association between rotavirus and toxic megacolon has never been mentioned in the literature. We report a case of toxic megacolon secondary to rotavirus gastroenteritis.Conclusion:  Toxic megacolon can occur in patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis. An abdominal radiograph should be taken for patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis who have systemic toxicity and persistent abdominal fullness.
Risk factors for morbidities in laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis of paediatric patients
Authors: Chung Patrick Ho‐Yu , Chan Kwong‐Leung , Tam Paul Kwong‐Hang 
Published: July 2009

Aim:  Laparoscopic appendectomy has been the treatment of choice for acute appendicitis in children for many years. The aim of the present study was to analyze factors that are associated with morbidities of this operation and make recommendations to the management protocol.Methods:  This is a single‐centre study and the study period lasted from January 2002 to June 2007. The medical records of all paediatric patients undergoing emergency laparoscopic appendectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data, symptoms on presentation, operative findings, duration of operation and antibiotics used were noted. The outcome measures included conversion rate, early and late complication rates as well as duration of total hospital stay. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 15.0.Results:  A total of 61 emergency laparoscopic appendectomies were carried out during the study period. About two‐thirds of the patients were male. Thirty‐nine patients were aged 13–18 years. The most common presenting symptoms were lower abdominal pain (83.6%) and fever (95.1%). The overall complication rate was 32.8%. After statistical analysis, late presentation (onset of symptoms for more than 3 days) and appendicitis with perforation were found to be risk factors for perioperative morbidities.Conclusion:  Late presentation and perforated appendicitis were associated with high complication rates in emergency laparoscopic appendectomy. Parents of the patients should be informed about this before operation. The possibility of using alternative management in these situations can be considered.