bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Thirteenth International Symposium
Authors: Moan GD , Rudling P 
Published: September 2009

Description
This unique publication provides an international overview on the production and use of Zr alloys, their properties and behavior during nuclear service, the design of Zr components and their testing after service. Papers cover the historical aspects of research on Zr alloys; basic metallurgy, including studies of second phase particles; irradiation creep and growth; material performance during LOCA (loss of coolant accidents); and RIA (reactivity initiated accident).
Half of the papers in STP 1423 relate to corrosion and hydriding behavior, the most important current issues in the industry. A quarter of the papers deal with in-reactor studies. The remaining papers discussed the behavior and properties of Zr alloys for the intermediate storage of spent fuel.
STP 1423 is a valuable resource for engineers and scientists involved in the processing and properties of Zr alloys, the production and use of Zr alloy reactor components, their behavior during service and property changes that occur with increasing neutron fluences.
42 peer-reviewed papers provide an international overview of the production and use of Zr alloys.
Learn about:
• Production and use of Zr alloys in the nuclear industry
• Properties and behavior during nuclear service
• Corrosion and hydriding during service
• Dimensional changes during service
• Design of Zr components
• Testing after service
• Effect of alloy microstructure and composition on behavior
• Studies of the composition, properties and behavior of the oxides formed during service
Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics: 35th Volume
Authors: Link Richard E. , Nikbin Kamran M. 
Published: September 2009

Description
Thirty-eight peer-reviewed papers cover the latest research on fracture mechanics, including fracture, fatigue, residual stress, creep, creep/fatigue, constraint and stress corrosion and links them to concepts used in structural integrity assessment. Furthermore this publication does not restrict itself to metallic materials but is applicable to polymers, composites as well as inhomogeneous materials. These papers, written by nationally and internationally recognized authors, cover the general areas of modeling, testing, and validation in crack dominant related research.
Other topics cover experimental results coupled to modeling techniques of linear, non-linear, time independent and dependant behavior of cracked geometries of a range of materials. Papers relating to residual stress, crack tip constraint and probabilistic methods of analyses also highlight the importance of developing these fields for future improvements in life assessment methods.
Testing of Building Mortars Using the New British Standard Methods
Authors: Gillard R. , Lee H. N. 
Published: September 2009

The proposal of the British Standard for mortars is that all ingredients of mortars should be specified by weight proportions of the total dry weight of the mortar. In the case of lime:sand mortars it also is suggested that the “available lime content,” as specified by ASTM Method C 25-65, is used to determine the active lime in the mortar.
In the first part of this investigation the effects of varying the available lime content on the physical properties of mortars have been studied. It has been shown that using one sand and one hydrated lime the physical properties of the plastic mortars are related to the available lime content, and that when hydrated lime mortars are aged for 24 h as a mortar the test methods are more reproducible.
In the second part of this investigation a number of different types of limes have been tested in the form of lime:sand mortars and gaged with portland cement. From the results of the second series of tests it was shown that controlling the amount of lime in a mortar by its available lime content is a useful form of standardization, but that the physical properties of different types of lime do affect the final properties of the mortar.
The proposed British Standard methods of testing mortars were found to give reasonably satisfactory results and capable of classifying types of building mortars.
Observations on the Solution of Calcium Oxide in Slag Systems
Authors: Derge Gerhard , Shegog J. R. 
Published: September 2009

A modified hot-filament microscope is used for direct observation of the solution of calcium oxide (CaO) in synthetic melts simulating slags of metallurgical interest.
In the CaO-SiO2 system the process is uncomplicated in acid slags. However, in basic slags, when the composition approaches the liquidus in equilibrium with 2CaO•SiO2, a protective film develops which has many of the characteristics of a glassy phase. The crystallized film has the composition of 2CaO•SiO2, and crystallization results in more rapid solution of the CaO, apparently on account of the associated decrease in specific volume.
This mechanism operates with or without imposed temperature gradients and convection. It is not changed significantly by small additions of other common slag components. It appears to be general and has been observed in all other binary systems studied, including MgO-SiO2 and CaO with Al2O3, P2O5, B2O3, and V2O5. Related experiments have demonstrated the release of oxygen gas as a result of the combined influence of temperature and composition gradients during CaO solution. This is due to the change in the ferrous/ferric ion ratio and associated changes in slag structure.
Presentation based on high-temperature micrographs.
Crucible Test for Lime Reactivity in Slags
Authors: Limes R. W. , Russell R. O. 
Published: September 2009

The rapid acceptance of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking has caused a veritable revolution within the steel industry and also the lime industry as a major supplier of a raw material. The speed of the process requires a lime product which goes into solution rapidly to form a slag. Field observations of the BOF steelmaking process showed major differences in the rate of slag formation with various commercial lime products. Operating practices could be adjusted to take poor lime into solution but would have a detrimental effect on the furnace refractories and metallurgical processing. The slagmaking reactions are discussed.
The ASTM water reactivity test for lime would differentiate between the lime products observed to react differently in BOF slagmaking. However, arguments were made that this test did not simulate slagmaking or lime solution rate in a slag. A crucible test was devised in which minus 5 plus 6 mesh lime sample is mixed with a lime deficient slag and heated for various lengths of time. The free lime is determined in the fired samples and plotted against time. This gives an indication of solution rate. A correlation was found between this crucible test and the ASTM water reactivity test for commercial lime products of interest. There are ways to lower water reactivity without decreasing slag solution rate, notably through prereaction with other slagmaking ingredients. The crucible test has been used to evaluate these experimental products.
The water reactivity test is adapted more easily to plant quality control than is the crucible test. Since the correlation existed between the two for products of interest, the water reactivity test was selected for control of incoming lime product. Specifications were established for reactivity, loss on ignition, sulfur, and calcium oxide content. The specifications are realistic and can be met by commericial suppliers of lime.
Key Parameters Used in Modeling Pressure Loss of Fibrous Filter Media
Authors: Monson Donald R. 
Published: September 2009

Accurate pressure loss modeling of randomly oriented fibrous filter structures over a broad range of solidity requires that one accurately account for the following effects:
1) Fiber crossings and the resulting effective transverse boundary proximity and shape parameters and the fiber dynamic shape factor which all vary with the average solidity.
2) Slip and transition flow effects on small fibers or at low gas densities.
3) Perturbations due to manufacturing processes and multi modal fiber size distributions which cause fiber curvature, random orientation and solidity gradients in both the transverse and axial directions.
Prominent pressure loss models of both the pore and fibrous type have been found lacking in their ability to predict measured pressure loss of randomly oriented fibrous filters made of near uniform size fibers over a broad range of solidity. A mitered cylinder layered screen like pressure loss model is described which is capable of accurately accounting for the effects described.
Industrial Fabric Filter Bag Test Methods: Usefulness and Limitations
Authors: McKenna John D. , Haley Leighton H. 
Published: September 2009

Troubleshooting of a malfunctioning baghouse can often be cost-effectively guided by laboratory testing of the filter bags. Quality assurance programs of fabric can be successfully and fruitfully conducted in the lab. Bags made from different fabric candidates can be given long term, side by side, in plant comparisons, by periodic laboratory tests.
The recent recognition of the above and the increased use of fabric and bag lab testing has led to some controversy over the usefulness and limitations of the lab as a tool for better baghouse operation.
In the paper which follows a description of the tests employed, a profile of a few case histories and a discussion of the usefulness and limitations of lab testing is presented.
Fiberglass Pipe Product Standards — An Update on Performance
Authors: Pearson Lee E. 
Published: September 2009

Widespread use of a piping product will only be achieved when there are detailed comprehensive product performance standards that can be confidently utilized by the specifying engineer. These standards should establish the performance criteria and requirements so that products made by different processes and materials can be validly evaluated and compared on the most important basis — performance.
Fiberglass pipe product standards issued by ASTM and the American Water Works Association have undergone substantial changes over the past few years. Among these significant changes have been the expansion to multiple stiffness ranges, a 50 year design basis criteria, increased deflection to crack-damage requirements, establishment of a long term ring bending strength test method, and updating and modification of test methods and performance criteria for strain corrosion and hydrostatic design basis. A major revision of the design appendix of AWWA C950 has been completed. AWWA and ASTM product standard requirements have been made consistent.
This review of fiberglass pipe product standards, the major revisions, and the upgrading of performance requirements will demonstrate that fiberglass pipe can be confidently evaluated, specified and used in a wide variety of applications.
15 Year Old Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe; A Durability and Performance Review
Authors: Bauer Dennis E. 
Published: September 2009

A sample of 15 year old 257 mm (nominal 10 inch) diameter Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) sewer pipe was excavated and tested in accordance with the ASTM standards to which it was manufactured. Test results for standard requirements such as workmanship, dimensions, flattening, impact resistance, pipe stiffness, joint tightness and extrusion quality are presented and compared to current requirements of ASTM D 3034, “Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings.” This information serves as a basis for review of the physical durability of PVC sewer pipe.
A substantial amount of initial installation data was available for this particular sewer project. Information such as bedding and haunching requirements and initial deflections were retrievable as well as original plans. Several pre-excavation procedures were completed in an effort to assess current performance. These included a review of City maintenance records, measuring depth of flow, televising the line and pulling a deflection mandrel. Actual in-situ soil classifications and density measurements were completed as the excavation proceeded. This information serves as a basis for a review of the performance of the PVC sewer line.
The Vicat Softening Point Test Method: Correlations, Uses, and Variants
Authors: Stephenson C. E. , Willbourn A. H. 
Published: September 2009

This test method has been described in an earlier publication; it has been adopted in the United Kingdom as Method 102-D of British Standard 2782 (1956) and in the United States by ASTM.
One advantage of the Vicat softening point (VSP) test is that it can be carried out on small specimens. It was therefore of interest to establish correlations between VSP values and test results by ASTM Method D 648 and B.S. 2782 Method 102-C (softening test on cantilever specimens) for a range of thermoplastics. The VSP test is not suitable for highly crosslinked materials since they cannot accommodate an indentation of 1 mm. Measurements of 110 VSP can, however, be made.
It is well known that test results by ASTM Method D 648 are affected by stress in the test specimens, and this may be a large effect if the specimens are injection molded. It was found that VSP values are not so affected, and the VSP therefore gives a measure of intrinsic softening behavior. Comparison with Method D 648 test results gives some measure of molding stresses.
Reproducibility of VSP results on crystalline plastics tends to be poor compared with the reproducibility attainable on amorphous thermoplastics. A variant of the test has advantages, namely, the use of a large area indenter (14-in. diameter) and a low load (about 100 g); temperatures measured in this way on a range of ethylene polymers were almost identical with their crystalline melting points determined by conventional optical means.
Fatigue Testing of Aluminum in Vacuum
Authors: Ham John L. , Reichenbach George S. 
Published: September 2009

The fatigue life of type 1100-H14 commercial aluminum in reverse bending at 125 to 140 cps is about seven times longer in high vacuum than in wet air and about four times longer in high vacuum than in dry air. Life is independent of pressure in the range 760 to 10−2 torr, increases rapidly in the range 10−2 to 10−4 torr, and is again independent of pressure in the range 10−4 to 7 × 10−9 torr. There is some indication that life is longer under argon bombardment than in high vacuum. The cyclic strain causes more surface roughening in vacuum than in air.
A hypothesis based on adsorption equilibria is proposed to explain the step change in life with pressure as well as the improved life in vacuum.
Shear Test for Adhesive Bonds
Authors: Lunsford L. R. 
Published: September 2009

The theoretical expressions presently being developed for the design and analysis of bonded joints invariably involve the shear strength and shear modulus of elasticity of the adhesive. A brief summary of currently used adhesive shear specimens indicates that these specimens do not provide a means of obtaining actual material properties. In order to obtain these data for adhesives as they occur in thin layers restrained by the relatively higher modulus of the adherends, an idealized specimen simulating the torque loading of a large-diameter, thin-walled tube has been developed.
A torsional shear load which produces peripherally uniform shear stresses in the adhesive is applied to the specimen. The maximum shear stress at failure represents the ultimate shear strength of the adhesive. By carefully measuring the adhesive strain as a function of load, the stress-strain curve and shear modulus of elasticity of the adhesive can be obtained. The test has proved to be quite sensitive to variations in adhesive quality and is currently being used to determine the material properties of various adhesives.
Total and high molecular weight adiponectin are elevated in patients with Laron syndrome despite marked obesity
Authors: Kanety Hannah , Hemi Rina , Ginsberg Shira , Pariente Clara , Yissachar Eleanor , Barhod Ehud , Funahashi Tohru , Laron Zvi 
Published: September 2009

ObjectivePatients with Laron syndrome (LS; primary GH insensitivity) caused by molecular defects of the GH receptor gene, are characterized by dwarfism, profound obesity, and hyperlipidemia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate adiponectin levels in LS, as obesity is known to be associated with low adiponectin.Design and methodsWe studied nine untreated LS adult patients (5 males, 4 females) and six girls with LS receiving once-daily treatment by IGF1. Total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels, adiponectin multimers distribution, and metabolic indices were analyzed in serum samples obtained during several years of follow-up.ResultsAdiponectin levels in the severely obese adult LS patients (percent body fat; females 61.0±2.5%, males 40.6±8.1%) were two- to three-fold higher than those reported for subjects of corresponding age, gender and degree of adiposity. Total adiponectin was significantly higher in females compared with males (21.4±3.5 vs 10.2±4.6 μg/ml, P<0.001). The elevated adiponectin in LS subjects was associated with an increased abundance of the HMW isoform, and positively correlated with body fat percentage (r=0.65, P=0.017) and leptin (r=0.65, P=0.012). There was no correlation between adiponectin levels (total and HMW) and the degree of insulin resistance in LS subjects or their blood lipids levels. Adiponectin was also high in young girls with LS (22.9±7.4 μg/ml) and did not change during long-term IGF1 replacement therapy.ConclusionAdiponectin hypersecretion in LS, despite profound obesity, suggests that GH activity may negatively impact adiponectin secretion from adipocytes.
Association of the +45T>G and +276G>T polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene with insulin resistance in nondiabetic Greek women
Authors: Melistas Labros , Mantzoros Christos S , Kontogianni Meropi , Antonopoulou Smaragdi , Ordovas Jose M , Yiannakouris Nikos 
Published: September 2009

ObjectiveWe explored potential associations of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ; +45T>G, rs2241766 and +276G>T, rs1501299) with circulating total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, insulin resistance (IR), and markers of obesity in a healthy Greek female population.Design and methodsThe two SNPs were genotyped in 349 women without diabetes (mean age: 47.0±12.1 years, mean body mass index: 28.9±5.6 kg/m2). Total and HMW adiponectin concentrations, body composition variables, IR parameters, and plasma lipid levels were determined.ResultsIn single SNP analysis adjusting for several potential confounders, SNP +276G>T was associated with higher fasting insulin levels (P=0.01) and higher homeostasis model assessment index for IR (HOMA-IR; P=0.009), and SNP +45T>G was associated with lower insulin levels and HOMA-IR (P=0.05 and P=0.07 respectively). No association with total or HMW adiponectin, plasma lipid levels, and body composition variables was observed; however, haplotype analysis revealed that subjects homozygous for the most common +45T/+276G haplotype had lower total adiponectin levels than did noncarriers of this haplotype (P=0.02). The observed differences in HOMA-IR were very significant among women with a higher body fat (BF) percentage (≥ the population median of 41%; all P≤0.005), but not among leaner individuals (P for interactions 0.01–0.07), thus suggesting that ADIPOQ effects on insulin sensitivity may depend upon BF status.ConclusionOur data suggest a significant role of ADIPOQ variants at positions +45 and +276 in the development of IR in healthy Greek women possibly through an interaction with BF.
Mental Health and Academic Success in College
Authors: Eisenberg Daniel , Golberstein Ezra , Hunt Justin B 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Mental health problems represent a potentially important but relatively unexplored factor in explaining human capital accumulation during college. We conduct the first study, to our knowledge, of how mental health predicts academic success during college in a random longitudinal sample of students. We find that depression is a significant predictor of lower GPA and higher probability of dropping out, particularly among students who also have a positive screen for an anxiety disorder. In within-person estimates using our longitudinal sample, we find again that co-occurring depression and anxiety are associated with lower GPA, and we find that symptoms of eating disorders are also associated with lower GPA. This descriptive study suggests potentially large economic returns from programs to prevent and treat mental health problems among college students, and highlights the policy relevance of evaluating the impact of such programs on academic outcomes using randomized trials.
Epilepsy and insular Grade II gliomas: an interdisciplinary point of view from a retrospective monocentric series of 46 cases
Authors: Taillandier Luc , Duffau Hugues 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTThere are few data in the literature concerning a multimodal approach to insular WHO Grade II gliomas (GIIGs) and the control of epilepsy after treatment. In this paper, the authors describe a monocentric series of 46 cases in which patients underwent various sequential treatments for insular GIIGs. On the basis of global results with regard to epilepsy, the respective interests in the various treatments are discussed.METHODSAvailable data on 46 patients harboring insular GIIGs were extracted from a local database of 288 GIIGs. The various therapeutic sequences were analyzed in parallel with the course of seizure frequency.RESULTSDespite the usual difficulties with seizure quantification in retrospective studies, the authors showed that 1) the negative course of seizure frequency was mostly connected to tumor progression, 2) surgery almost always had a favorable effect on epilepsy, and 3) chemotherapy had a mostly favorable effect with acceptable tolerance. The authors were unable to draw conclusions about the role of radiotherapy given the too few cases.CONCLUSIONSThis extensive experience with insular GIIGs tends to confirm interest in their surgical removal and supports interest in chemotherapy from an epileptological point of view.
Le Prince A.A. Djajadiningrat à Marseille.
Authors: L P. 
Published: September 2009

Le Prince Aria Achmad Djajadiningrat est issu d'une grande et célèbre famille de Banten (ouest de Djakarta), qui, s'il faut en croire les propos du grand-oncle de l'auteur serait originaire du Pays Baduj. Son frère R.A. Dr. Hussein Djajadiningrat est également connu par ses travaux d'érudition et particulièrement son dictionnaire atjihais-hollan- dais. Le Prince était destiné par sa naissance à la carrière des honneurs qu'il accomplira fidèlement au service du gouvernement colonial. Il fait son éducation au pesantren de Karundang, puis à Batavia à la Hoogere Burger School. A 22 ans il est Secrétaire du Contrôleur de Serang, en 1900 Assistant Wedana à Bodjonegara, puis Régent de Serang (1906), de Bantam (1917), enfin de Batavia (1924). Il siège également au Volksraad. A sa retraite en 1929, il entreprend un voyage en Europe où il sera flatté de rencontrer la Reine {Sert Baginda Maharadja Ratoe) mais il comprendra mal l'agitation des étudiants indonésiens nationalistes qu'il tente en vain de sermoner, en bon partisan du "Groot Nederland".
Au retour, il écrit ses mémoires en hollandais (1936), qui seront traduits en indonésien et édités au Balai Pustaka. Le livre fourmille d'anecdotes extrêmement intéressantes et nous avons extrait un passage où l'auteur raconte son premier contact avec l'Europe, à Marseille justement.
Le Prince A.A. Djajadiningrat qui est assez imbu de son fang et de sa culture conserve à l'étranger une attitude condescendante mais polie. Nous versons son témoignage à notre dossier sur l'exotisme et les mentalités où les documents sont plus rares dans ce sens là.