bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Go‐getter, Hamstrung, and Yesteryear Managers of Older Australians' Leisure Organisations
Authors: Swindell Rick , Mayhew Claire 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Objective: Participation in leisure organisations is important to the well‐being of many retired Australians. However, the success rate of these groups is highly variable. The objective of this study was to investigate the role that managers play within a range of different leisure organisations and how they react to changing demands from members.Method: Qualitative data from hour‐long interviews with 29 managers of organisations were analysed and compared with levels of success (as measured by membership growth) of the leisure groups.Results: Three quite different managerial styles were found. These were categorised as “go‐getters” (whose groups prosper); the “hamstrung” (whose groups are struggling because of external or internal group influences); and “yesteryear” managers (whose groups are unlikely to survive).Conclusions: It is argued that the long‐term survival of an organisation is determined by the manager's capacity to adapt to changing demands and social circumstances.
Use of Housing Wealth by Older Australians
Authors: Beal Diana J. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Purpose: Australians have long skewed their investment portfolios towards personal housing, so much so that the rate of owner‐occupation of housing is one of the highest in the world. About 85% of people over 65 years of age own their houses, and the wealth represented by housing constitutes 50% of assets held by the household sector. Housing wealth, however, is not generally realised to fund more comfortable retirements. This paper reports a preliminary study into current community attitudes towards using housing wealth more ‘wisely’ in retirement.Method: The research was conducted by a survey of a random sample of Australians from two electorates.Results: About half of surveyed home‐owners indicated they would be willing to use their housing wealth to fund more comfortable retirements. Only a small proportion, predominantly the 65–74 year olds, reported a desire to leave their houses as legacies to their children.Conclusion: Community attitudes and government policy in the past have mitigated against the use of housing wealth to fund more comfortable retirements. However, community attitudes appear to be changing slowly. Governments, too, are starting to amend inconsistent policy and to remove impediments. More research is necessary to guide facilitation.
Needs of Family Carers of Elderly People with Dementia Living in the Community
Authors: Leong Joy , Madjar Irena , Fiveash Barb 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Objectives: To identify and describe areas of significant unmet need perceived as important to family members caring for an elderly relative with dementia at home.Method: Two methods of data collection, a self‐reporting community survey (n=94) and a series of semi‐structured qualitative interviews (n=10), were used for the study. Qualitative data were used to explore in more depth significant needs reported in the survey.Results: The six most frequently reported barrier (unmet) needs are discussed in this paper. These included the needs: 1) to know that someone will provide care when family carer unable to do so; 2) a telephone hot‐line; 3) time away from caring duties; 4) ways to deal with stress; 5) time for physical rest, and 6) ways to deal with feelings of being trapped. The presence of these largely unmet needs acts as a barrier to health and wellbeing of family care givers and limits their capacity for ongoing care. It also serves to highlight limitations in the current provision of community health services.Conclusion: The findings support the need to develop or extend community support services such as telephone hot‐lines, crisis intervention teams, and respite facilities to meet emergency and on‐the‐spot needs of people caring for their elderly relatives with dementia at home.
Multifunctional Pharmacology of Flibanserin: Possible Mechanism of Therapeutic Action in Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Authors: Stahl Stephen M. , Sommer Bernd , Allers Kelly A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Flibanserin is a novel pharmacologic agent in late-stage clinical testing for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women.

Aim
The aim of this article is to review the hypothetical mechanism of action of flibanserin in HSDD.

Methods
A literature review was conducted of all published works on flibanserin and on related studies of serotonin (5-HT)1A receptors and 5-HT2A receptors, including their actions on monoamines and on sexual function.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures are preclinical pharmacologic actions, especially changes in regional monoamines following treatment with flibanserin.

Results
At clinically relevant doses, flibanserin acts predominantly at 5-HT1A receptors as an agonist and secondarily at 5-HT2A receptors as an antagonist. Additional binding actions within an order of magnitude of its 5-HT1A affinity, which are not likely to be clinically relevant, include weaker antagonist actions at 5-HT2C and 5-HT2B receptors, and less defined activity at dopamine (DA) D4 receptors. The 5-HT1A actions of flibanserin are only seen postsynaptically, which is unlike other agents such as buspirone that act at presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. Furthermore, the postsynaptic actions of chronic flibanserin administration appear to demonstrate a preference for some populations of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors, particularly those that are located on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal neurons, which regulate monoamine release in certain selective brain regions.

Conclusions
The regional selectivity of flibanserin results in a unique pattern of monoamine modulation. Sustained increases in baseline of DA and norepinephrine (NE) are observed in the PFC, and flibanserin dosing increases DA and NE levels above the basal changes. Conversely, flibanserin induces transient decreases in 5-HT levels in some brain areas such as the PFC, nucleus accumbens, and hypothalamus, but not in other brain areas such as the hippocampus. Therefore, since DA and NE are excitatory and 5-HT is inhibitory to sexual desire and arousal, it is tempting to postulate that the actions of flibanserin on serotonin receptors at the PFC pyramidal neurons, resulting in increased DA and NE yet reduced 5-HT in the PFC, are the mechanistic underpinnings of enhancing sexual desire in HSDD.
The Clinical Oncological Society of Australia (COSA) guidelines for the safe prescribing, dispensing and administration of cancer chemotherapy
Authors: CARRINGTON Christine , STONE Leanne , KOCZWARA Bogda , SEARLE Christina , SIDEROV Jim , STEVENSON Ben , MICHAEL Michael , HYDE Susan , BOOTH Angela , RUSHTON Shelley 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe issue of medication safety is highly significant when anti‐cancer therapy is used as a treatment modality due to the high potential for harm from these agents and the disease context in which they are being used.These guidelines provide recommendations on the safe prescribing, dispensing and administration of chemotherapy and related agents used in the treatment of cancer. The guidelines represent a multidisciplinary collaboration to standardise the complex process of providing chemotherapy for cancer and to enhance patient safety. These are consensus guidelines based on the best available evidence and expert opinion of professionals working in cancer care. The aim of these guidelines is to assist in the prevention of medication errors and to improve patient safety with respect to the treatment of cancer.This guidance is intended for a multi‐disciplinary audience and will have most relevance for medical, nursing and pharmacy staff involved in the complex processes of delivering chemotherapy and associated treatment. The scope of the guidelines includes; all patients and age groups receiving chemotherapy and targeted therapy for the treatment of cancer and cancer therapy administered by any route in both the hospital and home setting. These guidelines should be seen as point of reference for practitioners providing cancer chemotherapy services.
Quantifying regrowth characteristics of three bromegrass (Bromus) species in response to defoliation at different developmental stages
Authors: Biligetu B. , Coulman Bruce 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBromegrasses (Bromus) are widely cultivated for pasture and hay in temperate areas of the world. The objective of the present study was to determine above‐and below‐ground biomass, tiller density, and leaf area index (LAI) of meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and hybrid bromegrass (B. riparius × B. inermis) after defoliation. The study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 in Saskatoon (52°07′N, 106°38′W), Canada. Plants were clipped to a 5 cm height at the vegetative and stem elongation stages of growth, and an undefoliated control was included. Regrowth was similar (521 g m−2) among the three species when defoliated at the vegetative stage, but meadow and hybrid bromegrass produced 49% and 36% greater regrowth than smooth bromegrass following defoliation at the stem elongation stage. Compared with undefoliated plants, below‐ground biomass was reduced 38% following defoliation. Meadow and hybrid bromegrass produced similar (4863 g m−3) below‐ground biomass after defoliation, which was 66% greater than smooth bromegrass (2923 g m−3). LAI of all three bromegrasses increased linearly with days of regrowth (r2 ≥ 0.88, P < 0.05), and LAI was greatest in meadow bromegrass (4.0, 3.3), intermediate in hybrid bromegrass (3.6, 2.7), and least in smooth bromegrass (3.1, 2.2) following defoliation at the vegetative and stem elongation stages, respectively. Tiller density was also greatest in meadow bromegrass (2107, 1320 tillers m−2), intermediate in hybrid bromegrass (1547, 840 tillers m−2) and least in smooth bromegrass (1093, 520 tillers m−2) following defoliation at the vegetative and stem elongation stages, respectively. In the undefoliated control, 15% fewer tillers of meadow bromegrass reached the reproductive stage compared with the other two bromegrasses. The rapid regrowth of meadow bromegrass appears to be associated with more tillers, more rapid LAI development, and maintenance of greater below‐ground biomass following defoliation.
Estimation of nitrogen release from decomposing Zoysia japonica litter using its relationship to mass loss
Authors: Nakagami Koji , Sakanoue Seiichi , Takahashi Shigeo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo estimate nitrogen release through the decomposition of Zoysia japonica litter, we conducted 2‐year litter‐bag measurements for dry matter loss and nitrogen dynamics of decomposing litter on the soil surface of a Z. japonica pasture in central Japan, and modeled the nitrogen release from the litter. The litter mass decreased to approximately 50% in the first year with a steep decline in summer and a gradual decline in winter. The nitrogen concentration of the litter increased with incubation time, while the amount of nitrogen in the litter changed minimally for more than one year and then gradually declined to approximately 60% of the initial amount at the end of the incubation. The model for estimating nitrogen release from the litter was established as a cubic relationship to the litter mass, because nitrogen concentration of the litter was well expressed as a quadratic function of the litter mass loss. The litter mass loss was estimated using a negative exponential equation in which the decomposition rate increased linearly with air temperature. The model can be used as a submodel of an integrated model for simulating nitrogen cycling in Z. japonica pastures in an area with sufficient rainfall.
CLINICAL PRACTICE: The environment and pediatric overweight: A review for nurse practitioners
Authors: McAdams Cynthia B. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Purpose: The primary aim of this article is to review environmental determinates on eating and physical activity behaviors that lead to overweight status in the pediatric population. Data sources: Selected articles on pediatric obesity and overweight and federal government publications addressing pediatric overweight, physical activity, and dietary habits. Conclusions: Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of disease and death in the United States and is considered a major public health threat to Americans of all ages. An energy‐dense diet coupled with low physical activity creates an environment conducive to obesity. Obesity warrants immediate attention and nurse practitioners (NPs) must implement proactive strategies to prevent the development of chronic disease in American children and adolescents. An initial key to successful prevention is identification of environmental supports and barriers that influence pediatric overweight. Implications for practice: NPs must identify at‐risk and overweight youth and translate current research findings into their practices. Designing and implementing age and family appropriate strategies that address positive and negative environmental influences is crucial to prevent or reduce the overweight epidemic.
SPECIAL ARTICLE: A review of the International Brain Research Foundation novel approach to mild traumatic brain injury presented at the International Conference on Behavioral Health and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Polito Mary Zemyan , Thompson James W. G. , DeFina Philip A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract“The International Conference on Behavioral Health and Traumatic Brain Injury” held at St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center in Paterson, NJ., from October 12 to 15, 2008, included a presentation on the novel assessment and treatment approach to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) by Philip A. DeFina, PhD, of the International Brain Research Foundation (IBRF). Because of the urgent need to treat a large number of our troops who are diagnosed with mTBI and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the conference was held to create a report for Congress titled “Recommendations to Improve the Care of Wounded Warriors NOW. March 12, 2009.” This article summarizes and adds greater detail to Dr. DeFina's presentation on the current standard and novel ways to approach assessment and treatment of mTBI and PTSD. Pilot data derived from collaborative studies through the IBRF have led to the development of clinical and research protocols utilizing currently accepted, valid, and reliable neuroimaging technologies combined in novel ways to develop “neuromarkers.” These neuromarkers are being evaluated in the context of an "Integrity‐Deficit Matrix" model to demonstrate their ability to improve diagnostic accuracy, guide treatment programs, and possibly predict outcomes for patients suffering from traumatic brain injury.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE, COMMUNITIES, AND DELINQUENCY: WHOM DO WE REINTEGRATE?*
Authors: RODRIGUEZ NANCY 
Published: September 2010

Research Summary:Communities represent an important facet of restorative justice; yet few studies have empirically evaluated the influence that community characteristics have on reintegrative programs. In this study, I use official juvenile court data from an urban, metropolitan county in Arizona and Census data to examine how individual‐ and community‐level data influence the selection of offenders to a restorative justice program. To examine the effectiveness of the restorative justice program and to determine if program impact varies by community, recidivism is modeled with individual‐ and community‐level data. Findings indicate individual and community characteristics are important predictors of restorative justice program placement. Also, juveniles who successfully completed the restorative justice program were less likely to recidivate than were juveniles in a comparison group. Recidivism results show no variation of program impact across communities.Policy Implications:Study findings demonstrate the importance of incorporating community‐level data in studies of restorative justice. Restorative justice programs must be sensitive to local, community characteristics and ensure that reintegration efforts do not exclude offenders in need. The successful reintegration process experienced by juveniles who participated in the restorative justice programs is clearly reflective of program effectiveness.
Lenticulostriate Arteries in Chronic Stroke Patients Visualised by 7 T Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Kang Chang-Ki , Park Chan-A. , Park Cheol-Wan , Lee Yeong-Bae , Cho Zang-Hee , Kim Young-Bo 
Published: September 2010

Background Noninvasive magnetic resonance angiography using ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging has recently provided us with the potential to image cerebral microvascular structures such as the lenticulostriate arteries. However, most studies using ultra-high-field magnetic resonance angiography have been limited to the visualisation of microvessels in healthy subjects, and the direct comparison of patients with microvascular disease has not been reported. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the lenticulostriate arteries of patients with lacunar strokes of the basal ganglia and surrounding areas using 7 T magnetic resonance angiography. Methods Ten stroke patients who had infarctions in the basal ganglia and adjacent areas detected using T2*-weighted images obtained from a conventional 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging and 10 age-matched healthy subjects were recruited for this study. The large main vessels in the patient group were inspected to identify abnormalities such as stenosis. The characteristics of the lenticulostriate arteries visualised by 7 T magnetic resonance angiography, such as the number of branches and stems, curvature and tortuosity were analysed and compared between the patient and the control groups. Results All patients had infarctions in the basal ganglia and adjacent regions, which were clearly determined by T2*-weighted images. However, there was no evidence of large-vessel abnormalities in the patient group. Analysis of 7 T magnetic resonance angiography data revealed that the overall number of lenticulostriate arteries branches in the patient group was significantly less than the control group ( P = 0.003). However, no statistical difference in the number of stems, curvature and tortuosity between the two groups was found ( P = 0.396, 0.258 and 0.888, respectively). Conclusions This study demonstrates that noninvasive magnetic resonance angiography using 7 T magnetic resonance imaging can visualise abnormalities in the cerebral microvasculature of stroke patients, and that the number of lenticulostriate arteries supplying the region of the basal ganglia is less in these patients compared with age-matched controls.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockade in Acute Stroke. the Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial: Rationale, Methods and Design of a Multicentre, Randomised- and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (NCT00120003)
Authors: Sandset Else Charlotte , Murray Gordon , Boysen Gudrun , Jatuzis Dalius , Kõrv Janika , Lüders Stephan , Richter Przemyslaw S. , Roine Risto O. , Terént Andreas , Thijs Vincent , Berge Eivind 
Published: September 2010

Background Elevated blood pressure following acute stroke is common, and yet early antihypertensive treatment is controversial. ACCESS suggested a beneficial effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan in the acute phase of stroke, but these findings need to be confirmed in new, large trials. Aims and design The Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial is an international randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of candesartan in acute stroke. We plan to recruit 2500 patients presenting within 30 h of stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic) and with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg. The recruited patients are randomly assigned to candesartan or placebo for 7-days (doses increasing from 4 to 16mg once daily). Randomisation is performed centrally via a secure web interface. The follow-up period is 6-months. Patients are included from the following nine North-European countries: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia and Finland. Study outcomes There are two co-primary effect variables: Funding The Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial receives basic funding from Norwegian health authorities. AstraZeneca supplies the trial drugs, and AstraZeneca and Takeda support the trial with limited, unrestricted grants. Summary The Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial is the first large trial of angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with elevated blood pressure and acute stroke, and aims to answer whether treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers is beneficial for this indication.
Comparisons between cats with normal and increased fPLI concentrations in cats diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bailey S. , Benigni L. , Eastwood J. , Garden O. A. , McMahon L. , Smith K. , Steiner J. M. , Suchodolski J. S. , Allenspach K. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare age, serum albumin and cobalamin concentrations, serum alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, feline inflammatory bowel disease clinical disease activity index, pancreatic ultrasound findings, intestinal histopathology scores, outcome, treatment and clinical response between cats diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease with normal or increased serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations.Methods: Medical records for 23 cats diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and with serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations available were reviewed. Three groups were compared; cats with serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations 2·0 to 6·8 µg/l (group A), 6·9 to 11·9 µg/l (group B) and ≥12·0 µg/l (group C).Results: Sixteen of the 23 cats had increased serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations; 9 cats in group B and 7 cats in group C. The remaining seven cats were in group A. Cats with serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations ≥12·0 µg/l had significantly lower median serum albumin and cobalamin concentrations. No significant differences were identified between the three groups for age, serum alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, feline inflammatory bowel disease clinical disease activity index, pancreatic ultrasound findings, intestinal histopathology scores, clinical outcome, treatment or clinical response.ClinicalSignificance: Hypoalbuminaemia and hypocobalaminaemia were more frequently observed in cats with serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations ≥12·0 µg/l.
Taxonomic review of the Cleridae (Coleoptera) in Korea (Part 1): Clerinae Latreille, 1802
Authors: KIM Jin , JUNG Boo Hee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA taxonomic review of six genera of Korean Clerinae is presented. Eleven species, includingStigmatium pilosellum(Gorham, 1878), a new Korean record, are reported in this paper. A key to the Korean species and genera, diagnoses, whole‐body photographs of adults, and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.
Taxonomic review of the Cleridae (Coleoptera) in Korea (Part 2): Enopliinae Gistel, 1856
Authors: KIM Jin , JUNG Boo Hee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTaxonomic reviews of the generaTenerusLaporte de Castelnau andTeneroidesGahn are presented. The latter genus is reported for the first time from Korea. Of the four species presented here, only one,Tenerus hilleriHarold, 1877, has been previously found in Korea.Tenerus lewisi(Lohde, 1899),Teneroides maculicollis(Lewis, 1892) andTeneroides higoniusLewis, 1892, are reported for the first time from Korea. We provide a key to the Korean species, descriptions and photographs of adults, and illustrations of diagnostic characters.