bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurites from PC12 cells are connected to each other by synapse‐like structures
Authors: Jeon Chan‐Young , Jin Jae‐Kwang , Koh Young‐Ho , Chun Wook , Choi Ihn‐Geun , Kown Hyung‐Joo , Kim Yong‐Sun , Park Jae‐Bong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPC12 cells have been used as a model of sympathetic neurons. Nerve growth factor (NGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and cAMP induce neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. cAMP induced a greater number of neurites than did NGF. In particular, we attempted to elucidate whether PC12 cell neurites, induced by several factors including NGF, bFGF, and cAMP, form synapses, and whether each neurite has presynaptic and postsynaptic properties. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we observed that neurites are connected to each other. The connected regions presented dense core vesicles and a clathrin‐coated membrane invagination. In addition, typical maker proteins for axon and dendrite were identified by an immuno‐staining method. Tau‐1, an axonal marker in neurons, was localized at a high concentration in the terminal tips of neurites from PC12 cells, which were connected to neurite processes containing MAP‐2, a dendritic marker in neurons. Furthermore, neurites containing SV2 and synaptotagmin, markers of synaptic vesicles, were in contact with neurites harboring drebrin, a marker of the postsynaptic membrane, suggesting that neurites from PC12 cells induced by NGF, bFGF, and cAMP may form synapse‐like structures. Tat‐C3 toxin, a Rho inhibitor, augmented neurite outgrowth induced by NGF, bFGF, and cAMP. Tat‐C3 toxin together with neurotrophins also exhibited synapse‐like structures between neurites. However, it remains to be studied whether RhoA inhibition plays a role in the formation of synapse‐like structures in PC12 cells. Synapse 64:765–772, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical implication of intra‐amniotic sludge on ultrasound in patients with cervical cerclage
Authors: Gorski L. A. , Huang W. H. , Iriye B. K. , Hancock J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether intra‐amniotic (IA) sludge, a sonographic finding of hyperechoic matter in the amniotic fluid close to the internal cervical os, is associated with preterm delivery in patients with cervical cerclage.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients who had undergone McDonald cerclage between January 1997 and December 2004 was conducted. Transvaginal ultrasound examinations had been performed at 14–28 weeks of gestation, and the ultrasound images were assessed by three reviewers (blinded to patient outcome) to determine the presence or absence of IA sludge. The primary outcome studied was the gestational age at delivery.ResultsA total of 177 patients who had undergone cervical cerclage, and for whom adequate records were available, were identified. Sixty had sonographic evidence of IA sludge (Group 1) and 117 had absence of IA sludge (Group 2). There was no significant difference in the mean gestational age at delivery between the two groups (36.4 ± 4.0 vs. 36.8 ± 2.9 weeks, P = 0.53), and no statistical difference in the rate of preterm delivery at < 28 (6.7% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.18), < 30 (6.7% vs. 3.4%, P = 0.45), < 32 (8.3% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.77) or < 36 (16.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.69) weeks of gestation.ConclusionIntra‐amniotic sludge on ultrasound is not associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery in patients with cervical cerclage. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information visualization
Authors: Chen Chaomei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis overview introduces the key structure of the field of information visualization, a number of influential exemplars in the field, and challenging as well as promising directions of future developments. The focus is on explaining some of the most fundamental concepts, prominent approaches, and commonly held criteria. The overview also aims to point out theoretical and practical challenges that the community as a whole has been addressing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:Algorithms and Computational Methods > Computer Graphics
Atrial Resection for Lung Cancer: Morbidity, Mortality, and Long‐Term Follow‐up
Authors: Kuehnl Andreas , Lindner Michael , Hornung Hans‐Martin , Winter Hauke , Jauch Karl‐Walter , Hatz Rudolf A. , Graeb Christian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine our results of combined resection of the atrium and non‐small‐cell lung cancer using a concurrent and continuously updated database.MethodsA total of 35 patients underwent extended pulmonary resection with partial resection of the atrium. The main focus of the study was to define subgroups of patients who can potentially benefit from surgery.ResultsPneumonectomy was performed in 31 cases, and the other 4 patients underwent a lesser resection. Postoperative morbidity was 20%, and the mortality rate was 9%. The median intensive care unit stay was 2 days and the hospital stay 13 days. The survival rates were 80% at 1 year, 21% at 3 years, and 16% at 5 years. The median survival of patients with low‐grade tumors (G1/2) was 27 months, contrasted by only 15 months’ survival for patients with high‐grade tumors (P = 0.026). Multivariate analysis indicated that completeness of resection had a significant impact on survival (P = 0.042).ConclusionsCombined resection of lung and atrium is a complex surgical procedure, but it can be performed with fair morbidity and mortality rates, even in patients with an increased number of preoperative risk factors. Patients suffering from low‐grade tumors benefit significantly from radical surgery. Future studies must define whether a multimodal therapeutic approach that includes induction therapy can prolong patient survival.
Clinical aspects of short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: van Maldegem Bianca T. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Wijburg Frits A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractShort‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. SCADD is biochemically characterized by increased C4‐carnitine in plasma and ethylmalonic acid in urine. The diagnosis of SCADD is confirmed by DNA analysis showing SCAD gene mutations and/or variants. SCAD gene variants are present in homozygous form in approximately 6% of the general population and considered to confer susceptibility to development of clinical disease. Clinically, SCADD generally appears to present early in life and to be most frequently associated with developmental delay, hypotonia, epilepsy, behavioral disorders, and hypoglycemia. However, these symptoms often ameliorate and even disappear spontaneously during follow‐up and were found to be unrelated to the SCAD genotype. In addition, in some cases, symptoms initially attributed to SCADD could later be explained by other causes. Finally, SCADD relatives of SCADD patients as well as almost all SCADD individuals diagnosed by neonatal screening remained asymptomatic during follow‐up. This potential lack of clinical consequences of SCADD has several implications. First, the diagnosis of SCADD should never preclude extension of the diagnostic workup for other potential causes of the observed symptoms. Second, patients and parents should be clearly informed about the potential lack of relevance of the disorder to avoid unfounded anxiety. Furthermore, to date, SCADD is not an optimal candidate for inclusion in newborn screening programs. More studies are needed to fully establish the relevance of SCADD and solve the question as to whether SCADD is involved in a multifactorial disease or represents a nondisease.
Effects of Partially Hydrogenated, Semi‐Saturated, and High Oleate Vegetable Oils on Inflammatory Markers and Lipids
Authors: Teng Kim‐Tiu , Voon Phooi‐Tee , Cheng Hwee‐Ming , Nesaretnam Kalanithi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractKnowledge about the effects of dietary fats on subclinical inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk are mainly derived from studies conducted in Western populations. Little information is available on South East Asian countries. This current study investigated the chronic effects on serum inflammatory markers, lipids, and lipoproteins of three vegetable oils. Healthy, normolipidemic subjects (n= 41; 33 females, 8 males) completed a randomized, single‐blind, crossover study. The subjects consumed high oleic palm olein (HOPO diet: 15% of energy 18:1n‐9, 9% of energy 16:0), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO diet: 7% of energy 18:1n‐9, 10% of energy 18:1trans) and an unhydrogenated palm stearin (PST diet: 11% of energy 18:1n‐9, 14% of energy 16:0). Each dietary period lasted 5 weeks with a 7 days washout period. The PHSO diet significantly increased serum concentrations of high sensitivity C‐reactive protein compared to HOPO and PST diets (by 26, 23%, respectively;P< 0.05 for both) and significantly decreased interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) compared to PST diet (by 12%;P< 0.05). In particular PHSO diet, and also PST diet, significantly increased total:HDL cholesterol ratio compared to HOPO diet (by 23, 13%, respectively;P< 0.05), with the PST diet having a lesser effect than the PHSO diet (by 8%;P< 0.05). The use of vegetable oils in their natural state might be preferred over one that undergoes the process of hydrogenation in modulating blood lipids and inflammation.
Homogeneous Kähler and Sasakian structures related to complex hyperbolic spaces
Authors: Gadea P. M. , Oubiña J. A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe study homogeneous Kähler structures on a non-compact Hermitian symmetric space and their lifts to homogeneous Sasakian structures on the total space of a principal line bundle over it, and we analyse the case of the complex hyperbolic space.
C*-envelopes of tensor algebras for multivariable dynamics
Authors: Davidson Kenneth R. , Roydor Jean 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe give a new very concrete description of the C*-envelope of the tensor algebra associated to a multivariable dynamical system. In the surjective case, this C*-envelope is described as a crossed product by an endomorphism and as a groupoid C*-algebra. In the non-surjective case, it is a full corner of such an algebra. We also show that when the space is compact the C*-envelope is simple if and only if the system is minimal.
A supermatrix-based molecular phylogeny of the family Drosophilidae
Authors: VAN DER LINDE KIM , HOULE DAVID , SPICER GREG S. , STEPPAN SCOTT J. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe genusDrosophilais diverse and heterogeneous and contains a large number of easy-to-rear species, so it is an attractive subject for comparative studies. The ability to perform such studies is currently compromised by the lack of a comprehensive phylogeny forDrosophilaand related genera. The genusDrosophilaas currently defined is known to be paraphyletic with respect to several other genera, but considerable uncertainty remains about other aspects of the phylogeny. Here, we estimate a phylogeny for 176 drosophilid (12 genera) and four non-drosophilid species, using gene sequences for up to 13 different genes per species (average: 4333 bp, five genes per species). This is the most extensive set of molecular data on drosophilids yet analysed. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted with maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian approaches. Our analysis confirms that the genusDrosophilais paraphyletic with 100% support in the Bayesian analysis and 90% bootstrap support in the ML analysis. The subgenusSophophora, which includesDrosophila melanogaster, is the sister clade of all the other subgenera as well as of most species of six other genera. This sister clade contains two large, well-supported subclades. The first subclade contains the HawaiianDrosophila, the genusScaptomyza, and thevirilis-repletaradiation. The second contains theimmigrans-tripunctataradiation as well as the generaHirtodrosophila(exceptHirtodrosophila duncani),Mycodrosophila,ZaprionusandLiodrosophila. We argue that these results support a taxonomic revision of the genusDrosophila.
Prospect Theory and the Disposition Effect
Authors: Kaustia Markku 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper shows that prospect theory is unlikely to explain the disposition effect. Prospect theory predicts that the propensity to sell a stock declines as its price moves away from the purchase price in either direction. Trading data, on the other hand, show that the propensity to sell jumps at zero return, but it is approximately constant over a wide range of losses and increasing or constant over a wide range of gains. Further, the pattern of realized returns does not seem to stem from optimal after-tax portfolio rebalancing, a belief in mean-reverting returns, or investors acting on target prices.
The Nature of Shadows, from Yale to Bilkent
Authors: Aranyosi István 
Published: April 2010

AbstractI discuss a solution to the Yale shadow puzzle, due to Roy Sorensen, based on the actual process theory of causation, and argue that it does not work in the case of a new version of the puzzle, which I call ‘the Bilkent shadow puzzle’. I offer a picture of the ontology of shadows which, together with an alternative view of causation, constitutes the basis for a new solution that uniformly solves both puzzles.
American empire – a dangerous distortion?
Authors: BAKER ANDREW 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article reviews the idea of ‘American Empire’. For most of the Cold War, this term formed part of particular kind of Marxian critique of American power. Neither American nor European statesmen, nor the mainstream press, regarded America as an ‘empire’. Interestingly, the idea of an ‘American Empire’, stripped of its Marxian connotations, entered the mainstream towards the end of Cold War. This article asks two questions: what does it mean? Is it a useful expression or a dangerous distortion? It will be argued that, as a general statement of American political economy, ‘American Empire’ is meaningless: it neither lends itself to positive comparison with European empires nor describes any concrete aspect of the international relations of the US. However, it is possible to refer to American empires limited in time and space, for instance to formal empire in the Philippines or informal empire in Iran. ‘American Empire’ is thus a distortion; but is it dangerous? The idea certainly captured the neoconservative imagination, but it does not seem to have had real policy implications.
Global visual processing in macaques studied using Kanizsa illusory shapes
Authors: FELTNER KIMBERLY A. , KIORPES LYNNE 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe ability to extract form information from a visual scene, for object recognition or figure–ground segregation, is a fundamental visual system function. Many studies of nonhuman primates have addressed the neural mechanisms involved in global form processing, but few have sought to demonstrate this ability behaviorally. In this study, we probed global visual processing in macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) using classical Kanizsa illusory shapes as an assay of global form perception. We trained three monkeys on a “similarity match-to-sample” form discrimination task, first with complete forms embedded in fields of noncontour-inducing “pacman” elements. We then tested them with classic Kanizsa illusory shapes embedded in fields of randomly oriented elements. Two of the three subjects reached our criterion performance level of 80% correct or better on four of five illusory test conditions, demonstrating clear evidence of Kanizsa illusory form perception; the third subject mastered three of five conditions. Performance limits for illusory form discrimination were obtained by manipulating support ratio and by measuring threshold for discriminating “fat” and “thin” illusory squares. Our results indicate that macaque monkeys are capable of global form processing similarly to humans and that the perceptual mechanisms for “filling-in” contour gaps exist in macaques as they do in humans.
Absence of spontaneous action anticipation by false belief attribution in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Senju Atsushi , Southgate Victoria , Miura Yui , Matsui Tomoko , Hasegawa Toshikazu , Tojo Yoshikuni , Osanai Hiroo , Csibra Gergely 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecently, a series of studies demonstrated false belief understanding in young children through completely nonverbal measures. These studies have revealed that children younger than 3 years of age, who consistently fail the standard verbal false belief test, can anticipate others' actions based on their attributed false beliefs. The current study examined whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who are known to have difficulties in the verbal false belief test, may also show such action anticipation in a nonverbal false belief test. We presented video stimuli of an actor watching an object being hidden in a box. The object was then displaced while the actor was looking away. We recorded children's eye movements and coded whether they spontaneously anticipated the actor's subsequent behavior, which could only have been predicted if they had attributed a false belief to her. Although typically developing children correctly anticipated the action, children with ASD failed to show such action anticipation. The results suggest that children with ASD have an impairment in false belief attribution, which is independent of their verbal ability.
Trajectories of anxiety in a population sample of children: Clarifying the role of children's behavioral characteristics and maternal parenting
Authors: Duchesne Stéphane , Larose Simon , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study pursued three goals. The first goal was to explore children's trajectories of anxiety from age 6 to 12 using a representative community sample. The second goal was to assess the link between certain behavioral characteristics assessed in kindergarten (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and low prosociality) and these trajectories. The third goal was to determine whether certain aspects of maternal parenting (i.e., warmth and discipline) could moderate the association between these characteristics and the trajectories of anxiety. A population sample of 2,000 children (1,001 boys, 999 girls) participated in this longitudinal study. Developmental trajectory analyses allowed us to identify four trajectory groups: low, low-increasing, high-declining, and high anxiety groups. Moreover, multinomial logistic regressions revealed a profile of children at risk of developing high anxiety symptoms (i.e., high group), characterized by sociofamily adversity, inattention, and low prosociality in the classroom. Hyperactivity was also found in this profile, but only for children exposed to a mother who showed little affective warmth. Finally, mothers' high level of discipline increased the odds of belonging to the high anxiety group. The results are discussed in relation to studies examining the association among anxiety, behavioral characteristics, and parenting during childhood.
Frontolimbic activity in a frustrating task: Covariation between patterns of coping and individual differences in externalizing and internalizing symptoms
Authors: Moadab Ida , Gilbert Tara , Dishion Thomas J. , Tucker Don M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMany problem behaviors in youth have been attributed to maladaptive self-regulation in response to frustration. Frontolimbic networks that promote flexible as well as over- and undercontrolled regulation could provide evidence linking cortical mechanisms of self-regulation to the development of internalizing or externalizing symptomology. Specifically, ineffective dorsally mediated inhibitory control may be associated with rule-breaking and substance use behaviors, whereas overengagement of ventral limbic systems responsible for self-monitoring of errors may increase risk of developing anxious and depressed symptomology. In this study, a sample of 9- to 13-year-old children were presented with an emotional go/no-go task. Event-related potentials were used to identify differences in cortical mechanisms related to inhibitory control (indexed with the stimulus-locked medial frontal negativity) and self-monitoring (indexed with the error-related negativity). These measurements were then related to externalizing and internalizing behaviors. As predicted, externalizing problems were associated with smaller medial frontal negativity amplitudes, which indicate undercontrolled self-regulation and poor dorsal mediation of actions. Internalizing symptoms were related to larger error-related negativity amplitudes, demonstrating overregulation and overengagement of ventral limbic systems. These findings suggest that the use of event-related potential methodology with paradigms that elicit cognition–emotion can provide insight into the neural mechanisms of regulatory deficits that result in problem behaviors in youth.
The application of the Geneva Conventions by the International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Authors: Fenrick William J. 
Published: April 2010

Résumé
Selon le droit international humanitaire en vigueur, un conflit armé est
soumis à un régime juridique différent selon qu'il a un caractère
international ou, au contraire, non international. Cette dichotomie ne donne
cependant pas toujours de réponses adéquates aux questions auxquelles le
Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) se voit confronté
quand il doit qualifier une situation conflictuelle concrète. L'auteur
examine la jurisprudence du Tribunal à ce sujet, en commentant notamment les
différentes décisions dans les affaires Tadic et Celebici. Toutefois, le
TPIY n'a pas encore tranché d'une manière définitive la question de
l'applicabilité du droit international humanitaire à une situation aussi
complexe que celle prévalant en ex-Yougoslavie. Son avis aura sans doute
valeur de précédent.
Emerging use of stem cells in regenerative medicine
Authors: Teo Adrian K. K. , Vallier Ludovic 
Published: April 2010

Stem cells represent a unique opportunity for regenerative medicine to cure a broad number of diseases for which current treatment only alleviates symptoms or retards further disease progression. However, the number of stem cells available has speedily increased these past 10 years and their diversity presents new challenges to clinicians and basic scientists who intend to use them in clinics or to study their unique properties. In addition, the recent possibility to derive pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells using epigenetic reprogramming has further increased the clinical interest of stem cells since induced pluripotent stem cells could render personalized cell-based therapy possible. The present review will attempt to summarize the advantages and challenges of each type of stem cell for current and future clinical applications using specific examples.
Specialty Recognition in Fluency Disorders: Challenges for the Second Decade
Authors: McClure James A. , Olsen Chamonix 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Fluency clinicians pioneered the concept of specialty recognition more than a decade ago. Today, board recognition in fluency disorders is gaining traction among clinicians and consumers, but its impact has been limited by the small size of the specialist community. This article reviews trends in specialty recognition and highlights the work currently in progress to streamline the recognition process and attract more specialists.