bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput molecular identification of fish eggs using multiplex suspension bead arrays
Authors: GLEASON LANI U. , BURTON RONALD S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe location and abundance of fish eggs provide information concerning the timing and location of spawning activities and can provide fishery‐independent estimates of spawning biomass. However, the full value of egg and larval surveys is severely restricted because many species’ eggs and larvae are morphologically similar, making species‐level identification difficult. Recent efforts have shown that nearly all species of fish may be identified by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (e.g. via ‘DNA barcoding’). By taking advantage of a DNA barcode database, we have developed oligonucleotide probes for 23 marine fish species that produce pelagic eggs commonly found in California waters. Probes were coupled to fluorescent microspheres to create a suspension bead array. Biotin‐labelled primers were used to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal rRNA genes from individual fish eggs. The amplicons were then hybridized to the bead array, and after the addition of a reporter fluorophore, samples were analysed by flow cytometry with Luminex 100 instrumentation. Probes specifically targeted eggs that are abundant and/or from morphologically indistinguishable species pairs. Results showed that the 33 different probes designed for this study accurately identified all samples when PCR was successful. Suspension bead arrays have a number of benefits over other methods of molecular identification; these arrays permit high multiplexing, simple addition of new probes, high throughput and lower cost than DNA sequencing. The increasing availability of DNA barcode data for numerous fish faunas worldwide suggests that bead arrays could be developed and widely used for fish egg, larval and tissue identifications.
Glaucoma costs in Denmark in treatment naive patients
Authors: Olsen Jens , Berdeaux Gilles , Skov Jesper 
Published: August 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe the costs and providers of glaucoma treatment in Denmark.Methods:  Analyses were based on National Register data. Glaucoma/OHT patients were identified by their first prescription for glaucoma medication (ATC‐codes) in the Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics 2002–2007. Patients had used no glaucoma medication for 6 months. Data for 2007 were sampled cross‐sectionally for a budgetary analysis of glaucoma (ICD10 code) medication and services consumed in the primary and secondary health care services. Patients were categorized according to their number of treatment changes.Results:  The Danish annual incidence rate of glaucoma was estimated at 1.2 per 1000 adult persons. Thirty‐seven per cent of patients (men 44%, mean age 68 years; women 56%, mean age 71 years) persisted with their initial treatment regimen, 21% had changed to a second regimen, and 43% had experienced ≥3 regimens. Treatment costs increased with the number of sequential regimens. Annual glaucoma costs (health care sector perspective) were €305 for patients under their initial regimen, increasing to €740 with ≥3 regimens. Drug costs accounted for 57% of total cost.Conclusions:  Drugs represented the major cost of glaucoma, and those costs increased, obviously, with the number of treatment changes.
Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity after posterior lamellar keratoplasty
Authors: Nielsen Esben , Hjortdal Jesper 
Published: August 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  It has previously been reported that patients who suffer from Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy (Fuchs’ ED) have decreased contrast sensibility threshold. The removal of endothelial guttata by Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) surgery has also been demonstrated to decrease intraocular light scatter and improve contrast thresholds. The purpose of this study was to compare different visual qualities in patients that had undergone DSAEK surgery in one eye while having untreated Fuchs’ dystrophy in the other eye.Methods:  Thirty‐two eyes of 16 patients with bilateral Fuchs’ ED who had DSAEK surgery performed in one eye were enrolled. Visual acuity at 100% contrast and contrast sensitivity (CS) as evaluated by a modified simulation of the Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Test, was measured in both eyes of each patient.Results:  Snellen visual acuity improved in treated eyes from 0.66 ± 0.35 (SD) before surgery to 0.38 ± 0.18 after surgery (log MAR units; p < 0.01). In eyes with untreated Fuchs’ dystrophy, visual acuity was 0.46 ± 0.14. In a pairwise comparison, there was no difference in Snellen visual acuity between treated and nontreated eyes (p = 0.12). Contrast sensitivity was significantly better in DSAEK‐treated eyes compared with untreated eyes. Mean log CS in DSAEK‐treated eyes was 1.06 ± 0.25 compared with a mean log CS of 0.84 ± 0.16 in untreated eyes (p < 0.01). Fourteen of 16 patients (88%) reported that vision in their DSAEK‐treated eye had the best visual quality.Conclusion:  In this study, using a paired design, we demonstrate improved CS in DSAEK‐operated eyes when compared with the other eye that had untreated Fuchs’ ED despite the fact that no difference in visual quality was detected with standard Snellen visual acuity. Contrast sensitivity appears to be superior to normal visual acuity measurements in the evaluation of overall visual quality after DSAEK.
Changes in vaulting of myopic and toric implantable collamer lenses in different lighting conditions
Authors: Lindland Are , Heger Hilde , Kugelberg Maria , Zetterström Charlotta 
Published: August 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the changes in vaulting of myopic and toric Implantable Collamer Lenses (ICLs) in different lighting conditions.Methods:  Thirty‐seven eyes of 37 patients implanted with a myopic ICL and 26 eyes of 26 patients implanted with a toric ICL were examined using Visante optical coherence tomography (OCT) in photopic (257 lux) and mesopic (2 lux) conditions. Pupil diameter and distance changes between the ICL and adjacent intraocular structures were measured.Results:  The mean horizontal pupillary diameters in mesopic conditions were 5.3 ± 0.9 (SD) mm. In photopic conditions, a mean decrease of –1.8 ± 0.6 mm [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −2.0 to −1.7; p < 0.0001] was observed. The mean distances between the ICL and the crystalline lens in mesopic conditions were 0.33 ± 0.17 mm. In photopic conditions, a mean decrease of −0.04 ± 0.06 mm (95% CI −0.05 to −0.02; p < 0.0001) in the ICL‐crystalline lens distance was found. There was a −0.02 ± 0.04 mm (95% CI −0.03 to −0.01; p = 0.0022) decrease in the anterior chamber depth and a 0.02 ± 0.06 mm (95% CI 0.002 to 0.032; p = 0.0275) increase in the distance between the cornea and the ICL. We found no difference in the change in vaulting between the two ICLs in different lighting conditions.Conclusion:  There is a decrease in the central vaulting of myopic and toric ICLs in photopic conditions. This is due to both posterior movement of the ICL and anterior protrusion of the crystalline lens.
Ultrastructural and in vivo confocal microscopic evaluation of interface after Descemet’s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty in rabbits
Authors: Chen Minjie , Gong Lan , Xu Jianjiang , Zhu Wenqing , Devine Erin E. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To study healing at the donor–recipient interface after Descemet’s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) in rabbits by ultrastructural and in vivo confocal microscopic evaluation.Methods:  The right eye of eight New Zealand White rabbits underwent DSEK. Postoperatively, each rabbit was subjected to routine slitlamp examination daily for 2 weeks and then weekly for 6 weeks. In vivo confocal microscopic evaluation was performed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Two rabbits were randomly chosen at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks for transmission electron microscopic examination.Results:  Interface haze decreased with each follow‐up visit. Activated keratocytes and associated cellular processes were evident throughout all the follow‐ups with in vivo confocal microscopy. Highly reflective particles were left at the interface until the end‐point of the study. Upon ultrastructural evaluation, increased rough‐surface endoplasmic reticulum in keratocytes, clefts, folds and retained Descemet’s membrane (DM) were found.Conclusion:  Clefts lack of adherence at the interface and degenerated keratocyte may make up the highly reflective particles. In addition, retained DM does not appear to affect adhesion and very minimal healing is produced at the DM–stroma smooth interface, which permits better quality of vision in Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty.
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials two years on and the timing of registrations
Authors: Solaymani‐Dodaran Masoud , Khalili Davood , Hosseini Hamed , Najafi Laily , Kamali Kourosh , Ranjbar Parvaneh , Tavakoli Hassan , Ostovar Afshin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) was established as a primary registry on December 4 2008 and has registered over 1350 trials by June 2011. Many researchers are still unaware of the need for registration of trials before recruiting the first patient and the proportion of retrospectively registered trials is likely to grow until this awareness increases. We sought to investigate the timing of the registrations in IRCT and to explore strategies to overcome this. We used all data in the IRCT database and extracted the date of registration, as well as the dates for the start and the end of recruitment. We categorized trials into 4 groups: those registered before the start of patient enrolment, within 30 days of enrolment, after 30 days but before the end of recruitment, and after the end of recruitment. The proportion of trials in each category was calculated by calendar year.The number of registered trials increased from 26 in the 3 months leading to 2009 to 181 in 2009, 772 in 2010 and 376 in the first 5 months of 2011 (estimate by end of year = 947). The proportions of trials registered after the end of patient recruitment were 55%, 58% and 62% in 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. On average, 6.4% of trials were registered within 30 days from the start of patient recruitment and 27% in the time between then and the end of recruitment.The rapid increase in the number of registered trials is an indication of strong implementation of the registration policy. This comes partly at the expense of an increased proportion of retrospective registrations. While this may be understandable at the beginning, it is clearly not acceptable and measures should be adopted to increase the proportion of prospectively registered trials and to make trial registration an integral part of the research culture.
Knowledge and perceptions regarding oral and pharyngeal carcinoma among adult dental patients
Authors: Park JH , Slack‐Smith L , Smith A , Frydrych AM , O’Ferrall I , Bulsara M 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to assess awareness and knowledge of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma and risk perception for developing the cancer among adult patients attending a major dental centre in Perth. Influence of socio‐demographic factors on awareness, knowledge and perception was ascertained.Methods:  A random sample of 120 potential participants over the age of 18 who attended the Oral Health Centre of Western Australia between 14 and 18 June 2010 were invited to participate in the survey. A total of 100 participants completed a face‐to‐face interview guided by a questionnaire.Results:  Seventy‐two per cent of the participants had heard of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma. Sixteen per cent knew that both smoking and drinking increased the risk of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma and 49% knew at least one sign or symptom of the cancer. Language spoken at home, education, and employment influenced cancer awareness and knowledge. Sixty‐two per cent of the participants considered themselves not at risk of developing the cancer.Conclusions:  The findings suggest that knowledge concerning oral and pharyngeal carcinoma in the community may be limited and educational strategies may be required to improve such knowledge.
Cardiovascular responses to different stages of restorative dental treatment unaffected by local anaesthetic type
Authors: Bispo CGC , Tortamano IP , Rocha RG , Francischone CE , Borsatti MA , da Silva JCB , Medeiros ACR 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of maxillary infiltration using 2% lidocaine with 1:100 000 adrenaline, 4% articaine with 1:200 000 adrenaline, and 4% articaine with 1:100 000 adrenaline in different stages during restorative dental procedures.Methods:  Twenty healthy patients randomly received 1.8 mL of the three local anaesthetics. Systolic blood pressure, average blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were evaluated by the oscillometric and photoplethysmograph methods in seven stages during the appointment.Results:  Statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey tests of cardiovascular parameters did not show significant differences between the anaesthetic associations. There were significant differences for the parameters among different clinical stages.Conclusions:  The variation of cardiovascular parameters was similar for lidocaine and articaine with both adrenaline concentrations and showed no advantage of one drug over the other. Cardiovascular parameters were influenced by the stages of the dental procedures, which showed the effect of anxiety during restorative dental treatment.
Oral plasmablastic lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Hewson I 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOral plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare malignancy that is associated with patients with HIV or other immunosuppression. This article describes a case of a patient with severe haemophilia A (<1% factor VIII) who had medically acquired HIV and hepatitis C, a CD4+ count of 192 cells/μL and a viral load of 33 200 copies/mL. The patient presented with a two‐month history of a firm swelling around a lower molar. The tooth was removed and the surrounding tissue biopsied. The importance of obtaining an early definitive diagnosis and seeking adequate medical treatment is discussed.
Single use of tetracycline with and without diclofenac sodium as local drug delivery in pocket therapy: a clinico‐microbiological study
Authors: Mohiuddin Khizer , Ravindra Shivamurthy , Ahmed Mohammed Gulzar , Murthy Sarvani , Smitha Byadarahalli Raju 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  Local drug delivery is a non‐surgical method in the treatment of periodontitis. Different chemotherapeutic agents are used for local drug delivery; one such agent is tetracycline, a broad‐spectrum antibiotic. Recent studies have also shown that the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs reduces pro‐inflammatory cytokines and acts as host modulator. Thus, an attempt was made to compare and evaluate the efficacy of tetracycline alone and in combination with diclofenac sodium as a local drug delivery.Methods:  A total of 36 sites with chronic periodontitis were divided into three groups with 12 sites each (i.e. group A, antibiotics alone; group B, antibiotics in combination with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; and group C, control group). For all the groups, the following parameters (plaque index, papillary bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and microbial analysis) were assessed and statistically analyzed.Results:  The antibiotic and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug combination group showed a statistically‐significant improvement in clinical parameters and a shift in microbial flora when compared to the group with antibiotics alone. However, the control group failed to show any statistically‐significant improvement.Conclusion:  Antibiotics in combination with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are more efficient than using antibiotics alone as local drug delivery for the treatment of periodontal pockets.
Use of triple antibiotic paste in the treatment of large periradicular lesions
Authors: Taneja Sonali , Kumari Manju 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMicroorganisms are the possible source of endodontic lesions. The polymicrobial infection makes the sterilization of the root canal difficult. The following case report describes the non‐surgical endodontic treatment of teeth with a large periradicular lesion. First, an intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide was given. Since the symptoms did not subside, the treatment protocol was changed. A triple antibiotic paste was used instead for 3 months. On follow up, teeth were clinically asymptomatic and radiographically showed healing of the periradicular lesion. The result of the case show that when most commonly‐used medicaments fail in eliminating the symptoms, then a triple antibiotic paste (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline) can be used clinically in the treatment of teeth with large periradicular lesions.
Cystic variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
Authors: Channappa Niranjan Kochli , Krishnapillai Rekha , Rao Jyothi Bellur Madhava 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm of the jaw. Clinically, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor manifests as an intraosseous lesion (central type) in the majority of cases (95%). Extraosseous or peripheral lesions account for less than 5% of cases. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor can be associated with an impacted tooth and give a radiographic simulation of dentigerous cyst. Most calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors are solid in nature, histopathologically, and might have few cyst‐like spaces within them. However, a true cystic calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is a rare possibility. We describe a case of a true cystic variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor in a 30‐year‐old male, which to our knowledge, is only the second reported case.
Plasmacytoma masquerading as an abscess
Authors: Nanda Kanwar Deep Singh , Bhargava Deepak , Sharma Bhudev , Dave Aparna 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPlasma cell neoplasia is a lymphoid neoplastic proliferation of B cells and has been classified as multiple myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma. Extramedullary plasmacytoma is defined as neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells in the soft tissue. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck is very uncommon tumors, representing approximately 0.4% of all head and neck malignancies; amongst them, plasmacytoma of the maxilla is extremely rare. We present a case of a 70‐year‐old male with swelling on the right middle third of the face, mimicking an abscess, but proven to be extramedullary plasmacytoma. This report discusses the clinical, radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical features of extramedullary plasmacytoma.
Dosimetry protocol for the preclinical trials in white‐beam minibeam radiation therapy
Authors: Prezado Y. , Martínez‐Rovira I. , Thengumpallil S. , Deman P. 
Published: August 2011

Purpose:In the quest of a curative radiotherapy treatment for gliomas, new delivery modes are being explored. At the Biomedical Beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, a new spatially fractionated technique, called minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT), is under development. The aims of this work were to assess different dosimetric aspects and to establish a dosimetry protocol to be applied in the forthcoming animal (rat) studies in order to evaluate the therapeutic index of this new radiotherapy approach.Methods:Absolute dosimetry was performed with a thimble ionization chamber (PTW semiflex 31010) whose center was positioned at 2 g cm−2 depth. To translate the dose measured in broad beam configuration to the dose deposited with a minibeam, the scatter factors were used. Those were assessed by using the Monte Carlo simulations and verified experimentally with Gafchromic films and a Bragg Peak chamber. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental data were used to benchmark the calculations. Finally, the dose distributions in a rat phantom were evaluated by using the validated Monte Carlo calculations.Results:The absolute dosimetry in broad beam configuration was measured in reference conditions. The dose rate was in the range between 168 and 224 Gy/min, depending on the storage ring current. A scatter factor of 0.80 ± 0.04 was obtained. Percentage depth dose and lateral profiles were evaluated both in homogenous and heterogeneous slab phantoms. The general good agreement between Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data permitted the benchmark of the calculations. Finally, the peak doses in the rat head phantom were assessed from the measurements in reference conditions. In addition, the peak‐to‐valley dose ratio values as a function of depth in the rat head were evaluated.Conclusions:A new promising radiotherapy approach is being explored at the ESRF: Minibeam Radiation Therapy. To assess the therapeutic index of this new modality, in vivo experiments are being planned, for which an accurate knowledge of the dosimetry is essential. For that purpose, a complete set of measurements and Monte Carlo simulations was performed. The first dosimetry protocol for preclinical trials in minibeam radiation therapy was established. This protocol allows to have reproducibility in terms of dose for the different biological studies.
A modeling approach to predict acoustic nonlinear field generated by a transmitter with an aluminum lens
Authors: Fan Tingbo , Liu Zhenbo , Chen Tao , Li Faqi , Zhang Dong 
Published: August 2011

Purpose:In this work, the authors propose a modeling approach to compute the nonlinear acoustic field generated by a flat piston transmitter with an attached aluminum lens.Methods:In this approach, the geometrical parameters (radius and focal length) of a virtual source are initially determined by Snell's refraction law and then adjusted based on the Rayleigh integral result in the linear case. Then, this virtual source is used with the nonlinear spheroidal beam equation (SBE) model to predict the nonlinear acoustic field in the focal region.Results:To examine the validity of this approach, the calculated nonlinear result is compared with those from the Westervelt and (Khokhlov‐Zabolotskaya‐Kuznetsov) KZK equations for a focal intensity of 7 kW/cm2. Results indicate that this approach could accurately describe the nonlinear acoustic field in the focal region with less computation time.Conclusions:The proposed modeling approach is shown to accurately describe the nonlinear acoustic field in the focal region. Compared with the Westervelt equation, the computation time of this approach is significantly reduced. It might also be applicable for the widely used concave focused transmitter with a large aperture angle.
Th1/Th2 Cytokine Profile in Patients Coinfected with HIV and Leishmania in Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Zilma Andrade , Grassi Maria Fernanda Rios , Mehta Sanjay , Zhang Xing-Quan , Gois Luana Leandro , Schooley Robert T. , Badaro Roberto 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the effects of HIV on immune responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we quantified cytokine levels from plasma and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals infected with HIV and/or CL. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) levels and the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-10 produced in response to stimulation with solubleLeishmaniaantigens were significantly lower in HIV-Leishmania-coinfected patients than in CL-monoinfected patients.
Analyzing Multiclonality of Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical Diagnostics Using
spa
-Based Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Matussek Andreas , Stark Lisa , Dienus Olaf , Aronsson Joakim , Mernelius Sara , Löfgren Sture , Lindgren Per-Eric 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

We present a novel denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method which characterizes multiclonal communities of
Staphylococcus aureus
. The
spa
PCR-based DGGE method simultaneously separates strains that differ in only one base, thereby revealing multiclonal colonization and infections.