bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The frequency and specificity of human neutrophil antigen antibodies in a blood donor population
Authors: Gottschall Jerome L. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Curtis Brian , Kakaiya Ram M. , Busch Michael P. , Norris Philip J. , Glynn Simone A. , Carrick Danielle , Wright David J. , Kleinman Steve 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) has been associated with both human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and human neutrophil antigen (HNA) antibodies. HNA antibody frequency, specificity, and demographic associations have not been well defined in the blood donor population.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A subset of 1171 donors (388 nontransfused males, 390 HLA antibody–negative females with three or more pregnancies, and 393 HLA antibody–positive females with three or more pregnancies) from a larger Leukocyte Antibody Prevalence Study was tested for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM HNA antibody using a granulocyte immunofluorescence flow cytometry assay. Additional testing on selected samples included monoclonal antibody immobilization of granulocyte antigen–flow cytometry and granulocyte genotyping.RESULTS: Eight samples were HNA antibody positive (prevalence, 0.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3%‐1.3%]). Three HNA antibodies (one IgG and two IgM) were found in nontransfused males (prevalence, 0.8%; 95% CI, 0.2%‐2.2%); all were panreactive or nonspecific. One HLA antibody–negative previously pregnant female had an IgG HNA antibody with HNA‐1a specificity (prevalence, 0.3%; 95% CI, 0.01%‐1.4%). Four HLA antibody–positive previously pregnant females demonstrated HNA antibodies, three IgG and one IgM (prevalence, 1%; 95% CI, 0.3%‐2.6%). Two of these were HNA‐1a specific, one HNA‐4a specific, and one nonspecific.CONCLUSIONS: HNA antibodies occur with low frequency in the donor population and are present in both male and female donors. Despite the implementation of TRALI reduction strategies, HNA antibodies are still present in donor blood products. Although our data do not create a case for urgent implementation of donor HNA antibody testing, future new developments for high‐throughput HNA antibody screening, including for HNA‐3a, may warrant reconsideration.
Impact of pathogen reduction technology and storage in platelet additive solutions on platelet function
Authors: Galan Ana M. , Lozano Miguel , Molina Patricia , Navalon Fulgencio , Marschner Sussane , Goodrich Raymond , Escolar Ginés 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND: There are limited studies on the effect of pathogen reduction technology (PRT) on platelet (PLT) products stored in PLT additive solutions (PASs). Our study has evaluated the effect of Mirasol PRT (CaridianBCT) followed by storage in PASs (PAS‐III or PAS‐IIIM) on analytical and functional characteristics of PLT concentrates (PCs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PCs obtained by apheresis were divided into: 1) untreated and stored in plasma (CON‐PPP); 2) untreated and stored in PAS (CON‐PASIII and CON‐PASIIIM); and 3) subjected to PRT and stored in PAS (PRT‐PASIII and PRT‐PASIIIM). Cell quality variables (pH, swirl, lactate, and glucose), flow cytometry analysis, and adhesive and aggregating functions using a perfusion system were assessed on Days 0, 3, 5, and 7.RESULTS: All the groups showed a progressive reduction in cell quality variables during storage. Swirl was progressively reduced and better maintained in CON‐PPP. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a moderate reduction in glycoprotein Ib for all study groups on Day 7, being less evident in CON‐PPP. A progressive increase in P‐selectin levels was observed during storage. Perfusion studies demonstrated that PRT‐treated PCs stored in PAS presented similar reactivity with subendothelium than that observed for untreated PCs stored in plasma or in PAS for Day 5. Moderate reductions in cohesive properties in PRT‐PASIII PCs, but not in PRT‐PASIIIM PCs, were observed after 7 days.CONCLUSIONS: PLT properties were preserved in PRT‐treated concentrates stored in PAS for 5 days. PASIIIM provides a better preservation of adhesive and cohesive functions of PRT‐PCs than PASIII for 7 days of storage. The relevance of in vitro data deserves further clinical investigations.
Blood center practice and education for blood donors with anemia
Authors: Delaney Meghan , Schellhase Kenneth G. , Young Staci , Geiger Susan , Fink Arlene , Mast Alan E. 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND: Anemia is an early indicator of many diseases, yet blood donors with low hematocrit (Hct) often receive inadequate information about its medical importance. We sought to understand the types of information that are and should be provided to these donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two companion studies were performed. The first investigated blood center practices for care of donors with low Hct including deferral length, information provided, and cutoff values used when referring donors for medical attention. The second was a randomized prospective pilot study comparing behavior of deferred donors receiving an “older” pamphlet providing a list of iron‐rich foods or a “newer” pamphlet providing descriptions of common causes of anemia and advice for seeking medical attention.RESULTS: More than 70% of centers defer donors for 1 day. Only 6% defer donors for more than 2 weeks. Most centers provide written and/or verbal information about low Hct. Only 35% have a cutoff value defining significant anemia that requires additional medical attention. In the study of donors with low Hct, significant disease was identified within 3 months after deferral in 2 of 104 subjects: metastatic lung cancer and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Only donors receiving the newer pamphlet reported that it “definitely improved” their ability to speak with their doctor about anemia.CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of anemia in blood donors may be an indicator of significant undiagnosed disease. There are wide variations in how centers care for and educate donors with anemia. Donors with anemia should be provided improved and consistent educational information.
Income Inequality and Partisan Voting in the United States*
Authors: Gelman Andrew , Kenworthy Lane , Su Yu‐Sung 
Published: October 2010

Objectives.Income inequality in the United States has risen during the past several decades. Has this produced an increase in partisan voting differences between rich and poor?Methods.We examine trends from the 1940s through the 2000s in the country as a whole and in the states.Results.We find no clear relation between income inequality and class‐based voting.Conclusions.Factors such as religion and education result in a less clear pattern of class‐based voting than we might expect based on income inequality alone.
Can Institutional Networks Mitigate Labor Market Disadvantages? Evidence from College Summer Job Searches*
Authors: Fischer Mary J. 
Published: October 2010

Objective. This study examines whether the use of institutional (school‐based) networks may help students from disadvantaged backgrounds secure summer employment opportunities that are on a par with those of their more advantaged classmates who may possess more resource‐rich personal and familial networks.Methods. The study draws on unique data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen to examine the strategies that a national representative sample of nearly 4,000 white, black, Asian, and Hispanic students on 28 campuses used to obtain summer employment and the characteristics of these summer jobs. Multinomial logistic regression techniques are applied to examine the types of contacts students used and jobs they found, while OLS regression is employed to examine the wages and occupational prestige of summer positions.Results. The study reveals that students who obtained their summer jobs through institutional contacts had significantly higher earnings and held positions with higher occupational prestige than students using most other methods (controlling for race/ethnicity, prior work experience, and parental education). I also found that minority students are at least as likely as white students to draw on these institutional networks. In addition, there were no differences by SES, suggesting that this type of capital is both accessible and accessed by a wide range of students.Conclusions. This study provides evidence that summer jobs obtained through institutional networks are more likely to be in desirable sectors, on average pay better, and have higher occupational prestige scores than jobs obtained by most other methods.
Separate and Unequal: Post‐Tsunami Aid Distribution in Southern India*
Authors: Aldrich Daniel P. 
Published: October 2010

Objective.Disasters are a regular occurrence throughout the world. Whether all eligible victims of a catastrophe receive similar amounts of aid from governments and donors following a crisis remains an open question.Methods.I use data on 62 similarly damaged inland fishing villages in five districts of southeastern India following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami to measure the causal influence of caste, location, wealth, and bridging social capital on the receipt of aid. Using two‐limit tobit and negative binomial models, I investigate the factors that influence the time spent in refugee camps, receipt of an initial aid packet, and receipt of 4,000 rupees.Results.Caste, family status, and wealth proved to be powerful predictors of beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries during the aid process.Conclusion.While many scholars and practitioners envision aid distribution as primarily a technocratic process, this research shows that discrimination and financial resources strongly affect the flow of disaster aid.
Comparing Government Redistribution Across Countries: The Problem of Second‐Order Effects*
Authors: Jesuit David K. , Mahler Vincent A. 
Published: October 2010

Objective. We offer an alternative to the conventional measure of government redistribution that seeks to address problems of second‐order effects whereby income guarantees arising from public pensions make it less necessary for people to save for their retirement, rendering the “pregovernment” counterfactual to the observed postgovernment distribution unrealistic.Method. We use household‐level data from the Luxembourg Income Study to calculate an alternative measure of government redistribution that includes public‐sector pensions in “pregovernment” income alongside private‐sector pensions, on the assumption that each represents a claim on future income.Results. Employing the alternative method described in the article results in lower values for redistribution than the conventional measure.Conclusion. We suggest that our alternative method be used in addition to the conventional method in cross‐national research, in an effort to achieve a more complete understanding of government redistribution in the developed countries.
Low Risk of Intracranial and Systemic Hemorrhages in Patients on Dual Antiplatelet Treatment Beyond 1 Month Following Neuroendovascular Angioplasty and/or Stent Placement
Authors: Hassan Ameer E. , Zacharatos Haralabos , Vazquez Gabriela , Rodriguez Gustavo J. , Suri M. Fareed K. , Tummala Ramachandra P. , Taylor Robert A. , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAspirin and clopidogrel treatment beyond 1 month in patients undergoing angioplasty and/or stent placement within the extra‐ and/or intracranial arteries is not defined.OBJECTIVETo determine the incidence of intracranial and systemic bleeding events, recurrent ischemic stroke, and death in patients treated with dual antiplatelets for greater than 1 month.METHODSWe determined rates of hemorrhage, stroke, or death in consecutive patients with extra‐ or intracranial lesions, treated with dual antiplatelets after angioplasty and/or stent procedures.RESULTSDual antiplatelet treatment was initiated in 110 patients following endovascular treatment with a median treatment time period of 3 months (364 person‐months of exposure). There were two bleeding events (1 intracranial and 1 gastrointestinal), 1 ischemic stroke, and no deaths. The rate of intracranial and systemic bleeding events, recurrent ischemic stroke, death due to stroke, or premature discontinuation was 8.3 per 1,000 person‐months (95%, CI [2.7‐25.6]). There were no bleeding events after the first month of treatment.CONCLUSIONWe did not find an increased risk of adverse events in patients treated with dual antiplatelet treatment beyond 1 month after endovascular procedure, supporting the safety of intermediate‐term treatment as adjunct to intra‐ and extracranial angioplasty and/or stent placement.
Intermittent “Real‐time” fMRI Feedback Is Superior to Continuous Presentation for a Motor Imagery Task: A Pilot Study
Authors: Johnson Kevin A. , Hartwell Karen , LeMatty Todd , Borckardt Jeffrey , Morgan Paul S. , Govindarajan Koushik , Brady Kathleen , George Mark S. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDReal‐time functional MRI feedback (RTfMRIf) is a developing technique, with unanswered methodological questions. Given a delay of seconds between neural activity and the measurable hemodynamic response, one issue is the optimal method for presentation of neurofeedback to subjects. The primary objective of this preliminary study was to compare the methods of continuous and intermittent presentation of neural feedback on targeted brain activity.METHODSThirteen participants performed a motor imagery task and were instructed to increase activation in an individually defined region of left premotor cortex using RTfMRIf. The fMRI signal change was compared between real and false feedback for scans with either continuous or intermittent feedback presentation.RESULTSMore individuals were able to increase their fMRI signal with intermittent feedback, while some individuals had decreased signal with continuous feedback. The evaluation of feedback itself activated an extensive amount of brain regions, and false feedback resulted in brain activation outside of the individually defined region of interest.CONCLUSIONSAs implemented in this study, intermittent presentation of feedback is more effective than continuous presentation in promoting self‐modulation of brain activity. Furthermore, it appears that the process of evaluating feedback involves many brain regions that can be isolated using intermittent presentation.
Potential Role of PMD‐TCD Monitoring in the Management of Hemodynamically Unstable Intracranial Stenosis
Authors: Palazzo Paola , Barlinn Kristian , Balucani Clotilde , Zhao Limin , Prestley Timothy W. , Alexandrov Andrei V. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTA 54‐year‐old woman started to loose vision 2 days prior to admission and also experienced left‐sided headache, nausea, emesis, and disorientation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral posterior cerebral artery and cerebellar infarctions. Transcranial power motion Doppler (PMD‐TCD) showed blunted flow signal in the proximal basilar artery (BA) suggestive for a high‐grade stenosis also seen on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel was started. Catheter angiography confirmed the proximal high‐grade BA stenosis. After angiography, the patient experienced hypertensive crisis with severe headache. Blood pressure was lowered and headache resolved. One hour later she developed fluctuating level of consciousness and motor symptoms. PMD‐TCD findings were suggestive for an intraluminal thrombus that moved from the proximal to the distal basilar artery, presumably further contributing to brain stem hypoperfusion and neurological deterioration. To achieve a compromise between lower blood pressure and maintenance of brain perfusion, hypervolemic hemodilution with intravenous dextran‐40 was initiated. Patient's symptoms resolved to baseline and MRI showed no new parenchymal lesions.
Bone Level Changes Around Axial and Tilted Implants in Full‐Arch Fixed Immediate Restorations. Interim Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Francetti Luca , Romeo Davide , Corbella Stefano , Taschieri Silvio , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this prospective study was to assess clinical outcomes and peri‐implant bone level changes around tilted and axial implants supporting full‐arch fixed immediate rehabilitations up to 60 months of loading.Material and Methods: Forty‐seven patients (22 women and 25 men) were included in the study. Each patient received a full‐arch fixed bridge supported by two axial and two distal tilted implants. Loading was applied within 48 hours of surgery. Patients were scheduled for follow‐up at 6, 12, 18, 24 months, and annually up to 5 years. At each follow‐up, plaque level and bleeding scores were assessed and radiographic evaluation of marginal bone level change was performed. Periapical radiographs were taken using a paralleling technique, and subsequently scanned at 600 dpi. An image analysis software was used to assess bone level.Results: A total of 33 mandibles and 16 maxillae were rehabilitated (two patients received a fixed prosthesis in both arches). One hundred ninety‐six Nobel Biocare implants of 4 mm diameter were placed. The mean follow‐up duration was 52.8 months (range 30–66 months) in the mandible, and 33.8 months (range 22–40 months) in the maxilla. All subjects attended the scheduled follow‐up visits. No implant was lost. No significant difference in marginal bone loss was found between axial and tilted implants in both jaws, at each follow‐up. No significant difference in bone loss was found between mandible and maxilla, for both axial and tilted implants at each comparable time frame, although slightly higher mean values were always found for the mandible.Conclusion: The use of tilted implants in the immediate rehabilitation of fully edentulous jaws is safe and is not associated to a higher marginal bone loss as compared to axially placed implants.
The Influence of Implant Design on Bone Remodeling around Surface‐Modified Southern Implants®
Authors: Vandeweghe Stefan , Cosyn Jan , Thevissen Eric , Teerlinck Johan , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: Implant survival and success have shown to be related to a number of factors.Aim: To evaluate the impact of implant design on implant survival and success, focusing on thread pitch and implant shape.Materials and Methods: Non‐smoking patients treated by two experienced periodontists with standard diameter externally‐hexed Southern® implant(s) inserted in healed bone were retrospectively selected. A one‐stage surgical approach was used in all cases and implants had been installed for at least 6 months. Information pertaining to patient‐related variables, time of loading, implant design and radiographical outcome was retrieved from patients' records. Implant success was defined according to the criteria by Albrektsson and Isidor, taking into consideration bone level, defined as the distance from the implant–abutment interface to the first bone‐to‐implant contact.Results: In total, 59 patients treated with one hundred eleven externally‐hexed Southern Implants® met the inclusion criteria. Fifty‐six straight implants with a thread pitch of 0.6 mm and 55 tapered implants with a thread pitch of 1.0 mm were placed. The total implant survival rate was 98.2% after a mean follow‐up period of 14 months (range 6–28). The mean bone level was 1.35 mm (SD 0.46, range 0.59–3.70) and the overall implant success rate was 75.7%. Age, gender, length, and time of loading were not decisive for implant neither failure nor bone loss in contradiction to implant design and thread pitch (p < .01). Tapered implants with a 1.0 mm thread pitch were less successful than parallel‐walled implants with a 0.6 mm thread pitch.Conclusion: The Southern Implants® system shows good short‐term survival rates and bone preservation. However, bone remodeling seems affected by the implant design. Whether this is due to the tapered shape of the implant or the thread pitch is unclear and needs to be elucidated in future research.
Immediate Implants with Immediate Loading vs. Conventional Loading: 1‐Year Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shibly Othman , Kutkut Ahmad , Patel Nishith , Albandar Jasim M. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose: This 1‐year randomized clinical trial compared the bone regeneration and success rates between immediate and conventional loading of dental implants placed immediately after extraction in patients with a past history of periodontal disease.Methods: Sixty patients who chose an immediate implant treatment option to replace a hopeless tooth were included in this study.Patients: Patients were randomly assigned to receive immediate implants with either immediate loading (group A) or conventional loading after 3 months (group B). At baseline, both groups received a mucoperiosteal flap, extraction, implant placement, allograft bone, and a membrane. Group A received a provisional crown. In group B, a cover screw was placed and primary closure was achieved. The patients were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.Results: The 1‐year implant survival rate was 95% for the whole study group: 96.6% for group A, and 93.3% for group B. The bone level increased significantly in both groups (group A: 0.99 ± 0.22 mm; group B: 0.75 ± 0.17 mm), and the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.5). At the 1‐year postoperative visit, the mucogingival junction (MGJ) was found to be displaced coronally in 65% of implant sites in group B compared with 15% sites in group A.Conclusions: Both the immediate and delayed loading of immediately placed implants showed similar outcome with regards to treatment success rates and stability of radiographic bone level. Submerging an immediately placed implant and primary soft tissue closure did not show significant outcome advantages over the transmucosal approach.
Transcrestal Sinus Floor Elevation: A Retrospective Study of 46 Patients up to 16 Years
Authors: Bruschi Giovanni B , Crespi Roberto , Capparè Paolo , Gherlone Enrico 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and radiographic data of transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) of residual alveolar bone ≤3 mm.Methods: Forty‐six patients, edentulous in one or both maxillary posterior segments, were enrolled in this study. The residual alveolar ridge was measured. TSFE without bone grafting was performed. Three months after the first surgery procedure, 66 implants were placed without grafting material. A presurgical distance from the alveolar crest to the floor of the maxillary sinus and the amount of new radiopacity between the sinus floor and alveolar crest were measured from the mesial and distal surfaces of each dental implant surface.Results: After a mean follow‐up period of 10.43 ± 5.01 years (ranged from 5 to 16 years), a survival rate of 95.45% was reported. Mean bone levels at implant placement were 7.12 ± 0.90 mm and, after 1 year, were 13.28 ± 1.23 mm. They were stable over time, reporting an up to 16 years' value of 13.07 ± 2.63 mm.Conclusions: The results of this retrospective clinical study confirmed the reliability of the TSFE procedure and the maintenance of bone levels without grafting procedures over time.