bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Analysis and Predictive Modeling of Social Media Data by Decoding Twitter
Authors: Ramesh S. S. Subashka , Raghavaraju Charith , P Sutharsan. L. , Navis Anton Theodore 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

With a focus on user engagement, content distribution, sentiment analysis, and predictive modeling, the study provides a thorough analysis of Twitter data. Using popular hashtags, tweet sources, and user locations, the analysis starts by visualizing the data using Python libraries like Plotly, Seaborn, and WordCloud. To understand user behavior patterns and extract temporal information, exploratory data analysis techniques are used, and furthermore the dominant sentiment in the dataset, sentiment analysis is also carried out. The research goes one step further and involves training a neural network for classification tasks through machine learning modeling. The outcomes show how to visualize sentiment trends, tweet content, and model performance in an insightful way. The results provide insightful information about sentiment patterns, user interactions, and the dynamics of content dissemination on the Twitter network.
Assessing niche conservatism and invasive potential of the "pompom weed" Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Asteraceae) using ordination and ecological niche modeling
Authors: Farco Gabriela Elizabeth , Moreno Ercilia Maria Sara , Marques Danilo , Neffa Viviana Griselda Solís , Pico Gisela Mariel Via do 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The assessments of the status of biological invasions and the implementation of mitigation strategies to reduce their detrimental effects on biodiversity represent current challenges for invasion ecology and management. The analysis of niche dynamics provides an effective tool for predicting the invasive potential of alien species, their capacity to thrive and expand and, consequently, for anticipating where they may have detrimental effects. Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb native to Mexico, Central America, and South America. In the 1960s, this species was introduced into South Africa, where it was initially established in disturbed sites such as roadsides. Subsequently, it invaded natural grasslands, open savannahs and wetlands, displacing native species. In this study, we evaluate the consistency between the native and invaded niche of C. macrocephalum, considering climatic and edaphic variables, and using two approaches: ordination techniques and ecological niche modeling, including reciprocal niche modeling. The results of the niche equivalency and similarity tests, in conjunction with the high niche stability observed in the invaded range, indicate that C. macrocephalum exhibits niche conservatism for. The modeling and the high values of niche unfilling revealed a significant potential for further expansion in the invaded range, towards new areas in the south and southwestern region of South Africa, as well as to the east and west center of the African continent. Consequently, it is crucial to focus attention on these areas to anticipate possible future invasions. These findings provide support for the use of ecological niche models to predict the risk of invasion and the responses to climate change of C. macrocephalum..
Impacts of tree species on soil chemical properties in the reforested urban forests
Authors: Niu Hongyu , Wang Xiaorong , Chen Lu , Liang Shuyi , Shi Mengyao , Zhao Hengyue , Zhang Hongmao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims: Reforestation has been considered as an effective way to mitigate the adverse environment impacts from urbanization, while the role of different reforested forests on urban soil is not well known. This study aims to detect the forest soil properties across urban-nonurban gradients and explore whether and how the reforested trees affect urban soil.
Methods: We collected soil and litter samples in reforested forests in Wuhan (a megacity in central China), measured their chemical properties, and compared them with the surrounding nonurban forests. We then investigated the effects of three common reforested trees Pinus massoniana, Camphora officinarum and Quercus variabilis on the urban forest soils.
Results: We found that forest soils were more acidic but lower of N content in the urban areas than in the nonurban areas. There were significant differences in litter chemical properties (pH, organic C, N, P) among the forests planted with different trees, while only the differences in pH and P were consistent with those of forest soils. Furthermore, the more C. officinarum in an urban forest, the higher the pH in the soils, indicating a potential function of mitigating the soil acidification.
Conclusions: Although urbanization changed forest soil chemical properties, the tree species used in reforestation can affect urban forest soils through producing litter with various properties. Therefore, the biological method, i.e. planting appropriate trees will be a natural solution to address the soil problems in urban areas.
Urban Microclimate Dynamics: A Multivariate Copula Analysis Utilizing Extreme Value Theory
Authors: TOMAR SAGAR , Kulkarni Kishor S. , Kumar Sunil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates urban microclimate dynamics through a comprehensive analysis integrating statistical methods. Statistical analyses, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test and the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, assess the consistency of observed data distributions and the stationarity of key variables using 40 CPCB monitoring stations in Delhi. Additionally, yearly trend analyses employing the Sequential Mann-Kendall (SQMK) test unveil notable fluctuations in atmospheric parameters, such as PM 2.5, PM 10, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric temperature. An analysis of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes from 2018 to 2023 shows significant agricultural, urbanization, and natural landscape shifts. Urban green spaces decrease from 42.47–35.36%, while built-up areas increase from 22.43–30.53%. KS test results indicate varying deviations from normal distribution, with p-values ranging from 1.29 E-30 to 0. Significant trend changes are observed in PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations in 2023, with over 150 and 300 instances, respectively, alongside notable wind speed and direction variability. These findings and the advancement of urban microclimate dynamics pave the way for sustainable urban development and climate resilience strategies.
Pandemic Profiteering at a Time of Crisis: Using Python to Detect Fraud in COVID-19 Testing and Treatment Payments
Authors: Amponsah Isaac Asamoah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
During the pandemic, the Centre for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced waivers and rule flexibilities to address rising COVID-19 cases. This included expanding telehealth services to urban areas, along with various testing options such as surveillance testing, school and workplace testing, self-tests, and more inpatient settings such as nursing homes. The federal and state governments also covered COVID-19 testing, vaccination and treatment for the uninsured population, creating opportunities for fraud and unnecessary testing, double billing, kickbacks, and deceased billing, mainly for monetary gain, by unscrupulous healthcare providers.
Aim
The study aims to safeguard the integrity of public health resources as well as government preparedness in the wakeup of future unforeseen crises.
Methodology:
The study adopted an unsupervised learning approach. Using Python programming, the study employed the use of Isolation Forest to detect healthcare providers who had anomalies in the payment for COVID-19, treatment and vaccination by the HRSA. The study also adopted an official search enquiry into official U.S. Government websites such as the FBI, USDOJ, and HHS-OIG for schemes relating to COVID-19 testing and treatment.
Results
The isolation forest algorithm, set at a 5% contamination level, identified 1,890 healthcare providers (7.64% of total claims) as having anomalies. These providers had an average total claim amount of approximately 7.5 million. The highest anomaly claim amounted to 646 million, primarily attributed to “Claims Paid for Testing”. These results support the recommendations given to the HRSA by the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS-OIG), emphasizing the need for identifying and addressing improper payments.
Conclusion/Recommendation:
Protecting public health resources requires preventing fraud in the healthcare industry. Strong education programs for healthcare workers are crucial, as are vigilant oversight and collaboration between federal and state agencies. Additionally, this study emphasizes how crucial it is to use official government resources—such as the FBI, HHS-OIG, USDOJ, and CDC—to efficiently detect and prevent fraudulent activities. By putting these suggestions into practice, healthcare programs such as COVID-19 testing can be made more reliable, and public health resources will not be misused.
Biostratigraphy, Paleoenvironment and Hydrocarbon Potential of Fika Member of Pindiga Formation, Gongola Sub-basin, Northern Benue Trough, Ne Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Muhammed Salam , Yandoka Babangida M. Sarki , Usman Musa Bappah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The Fika Member, a crucial stratigraphic unit within the Pindiga Formation, represents a significant geological entity with substantial implications for understanding the regional paleoenvironmental evolution and hydrocarbon prospectivity. This study integrates biostratigraphic analyses, sedimentological investigations, and hydrocarbon potential assessments to elucidate the depositional history, paleoenvironmental conditions, and source rock prospect of the Fika Member. Facies and their stratigraphical distribution analyses were conducted on the Fika Shale exposed mainly at Gabukka Stream 1 and 2. Twenty (20) samples collected were subjected for standard palynological and foraminifera analyses. A standard method of palynomorphs extraction that involves the use of Hydrofluoric and Hydrochloric acid was employed. For foraminifera analysis, washing and sieving method was used. It was found that agglutinated foraminifera are the dominance taxa in ten (10) out the twenty (20) samples studied. Based on the colours of the agglutinated foraminiferal and Foraminiferal Color Index (FCI) values suggest low thermal maturity for both oil and gas generation. The foraminiferal assemblages indicate marginal marine (fluvio marine) to shallow inner neritic environments. This is supported by the sedimentological data which indicates a shallow marine depositional environment. The biostratigraphic data suggest Santonian age for the Fika Member.
Improved PMGAT for Human-Object Interaction Detection through Graph Sampling-based Dynamic Edge Strategy (GraphSADES)
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Yunos Zuriahati Mohd , Haron Habibollah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

One of the challenges in training graph neural networks (GNNs) applied to human-object interaction (HOI) is the computational complexity associated with updating and aggregating the information of all connected nodes in dense graph data, which results in a long training time and poor convergence efficiency. In particular, the parallel multi-head graph attention network (PMGAT), a graph neural network model, has achieved promising results in HOI detection by capturing the interactive associations between keypoints through local feature modules and multi-head graph attention mechanisms. However, to address the challenge of computational complexity, this study proposes a graph sampling-based dynamic edge strategy called GraphSADES to improve the PMGAT. GraphSADES reduces computational complexity by dynamically sampling a subset of edges during the training process while maintaining the precision of the original model. Initially, an object-centered complete graph is constructed, node updates are performed to obtain the initial attention coefficients, and importance coefficients are computed. Subsequently, a dynamic edge sampling strategy is adopted to reduce the computational complexity by randomly selecting a subset of edges for updating and aggregating the information in each training step. Through experimental comparative analysis, GraphSADES-PMGAT maintains the precision of the PMGAT model, and the models are trained using ResNet-50 and ViT-B/16 as backbone networks. On the dataset, HICO-DET, Floating Point Operations (FLOPs) for computational complexity are decreased by 40.12% and 39.89%, and the training time is decreased by 14.20% and 12.02%, respectively, and the convergence efficiency is the earliest to converge after 180 epochs. On the V-COCO dataset, under the same backbone network condition as HICO-DET, FLOPs decreased by 39.81% and 39.56%, training time decreased by 10.26% and 16.91%, respectively, and the convergence efficiency was the earliest to converge after 165 epochs. Specifically, GraphSADES-PMGAT maintains comparable precision while reducing FLOPs, resulting in a shorter training time and improved convergence efficiency compared to the PMGAT model. This work opens up new possibilities for achieving efficient human-object interaction detection.
Supine versus Prone Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Comparison of Efficacy and Safety in Elderly Patients with Staghorn Kidney Stones
Authors: Polat Hakan , Sungur Ubeyd , Danacioglu Yavuz Onur , Akdag Azad , Polat Salih , Eksi Mithat , Karadag Serdar , Kargi Taner , Evren Ismail , Bitkin Alper 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

To compare percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) performed in the supine position with PNL performed in the prone position in terms of efficacy and safety in elderly patients with staghorn kidney stones. The data of patients over 65 years who underwent PNL surgery due to staghorn stones at our clinic between 2012 and 2022 was retrospectively screened. Complications were listed according to the modified Clavien-Dindo grading system, along with demographic characteristics and intraoperative and postoperative data. The patients were followed up for one month, during which their stone-free status was recorded. Of the total of 112 patients, 48 ​​(42.9%) underwent supine PNL (Group-1) and 64 (57.1%) underwent prone PNL (Group-2). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics or stone characteristics (p>0.05). The number of pelvicalyceal accesses, operation time, hemoglobin decrease, blood transfusion rate, length of hospital stay, and complication rate were statistically significantly higher in Group-2 compared to Group-1 (p<0.05). However, the groups did not statistically significantly differ in relation to the change in blood creatinine value, stone-free status, or final stone-free status (p>0.05). PNL, in both supine and prone positions, is a safe and effective method for the treatment of kidney stones in elderly patients. The advantages of the supine position compared to the prone position in these patients are fewer complications, a lower transfusion rate, and a shorter operating time.
Synergistic effect of noble metal Pt and Zn0.25Cd0.75S QDs on ZnO: Broad spectral response and its outstanding photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liu Yating , Zhao Xiaodan , Hu Tianyu , Sun Yingru , Li Siyu , Ding Siqi , Yu Yan , Li Li 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this paper, based on the modification of semiconductor ZnO by solid solution heterojunction and noble metal photoreduction, Pt/Zn0.25Cd0.75S QDs/ZnO composite with a broad spectral response was synthesized, and crystal structure, morphology, optical properties, specific surface area and electrochemical properties of composites were investigated and discussed. The prepared composite has a skeleton structure, in which the solid solution Zn0.25Cd0.75S mainly exists in the form of quantum dots (QDs), and Pt is mostly simple nanoparticles. After ZnO was modified by solid solution ZnxCd1−xS QDs and precious metal Pt with surface plasmon resonance effect, the composite has strong light absorption ability in the visible region. Compared with the ZnO monomer, the specific surface area of the nanoparticle framework has a significant enhancement, thus increasing the active sites for the photocatalytic reaction. In addition, the results of the transient photocurrent response tests and the electrochemical impedance tests show that Pt/Zn0.25Cd0.75S QDs/ZnO composite has a better carrier separation efficiency with the fastest electron transfer rate and the lowest charge transfer resistance compared with other reference systems. Furthermore, the composite exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance in the multi-mode photocatalytic degradation of dye molecules. The results of photocatalytic water splitting into hydrogen show that the hydrogen production capacity of Pt/Zn0.25Cd0.75S QDs/ZnO composite is 33.67 mmol·g− 1 in 8 h, which is 207 times higher than that of commercially available P25. Combined with the results of the capture experiments, it is finally determined that the possible photocatalytic mechanism of the composite Pt/Zn0.25Cd0.75S QDs/ZnO is more inclined to be the effect of "Z-type" heterostructure.
Multiple serous effusions：toxoplasmosis in a case with severe aplastic anemia.case report
Authors: wang xiaoning , Li Hao , Ma Le , REN JUAN , Zhao Jing , Zhang Mei , He Pengcheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a rare parasitic disease that can cause fatal multi-organ failure in immunocompromised patients. Non-specificity of the symptoms and confirm diagnosis of tachyzoites in fluids or tissues by microscopic examination resulting in a delay before diagnosis.
A 28-year-old woman with severe aplastic anemia received stem cell transplantation seven months ago, presented with fever.Computed Tomography scan and ultrasonography showed moderate pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, and pelvic effusions. Metagenomic next generation sequencing of blood and alveolar lavage fluid were done, 11082 and 17154 sequence readings of toxoplasma gondii were detected and accounting for 1.34% and 17.09% of genome coverage respectively. Then, Marrow aspirate smears showed toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and pseudocyst.
These data confirm that highlights the need for enhance vigilance against toxoplasma gondii infection in stem cell transplantation patients with multiple serous effusions and fever.
Observer-based H∞Model Predictive Control for Nonlinear Discrete-time Systems with Bounded Disturbance
Authors: Zhang Yigang , Liu Yiqi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study introduces an observer-based H∞ model predictive control strategy, designed for discrete-time nonlinear systems affected by bounded disturbances. Initially, an output-feedback control strategy is utilized to parameterize control actions over an infinite interval and to estimate the system state. This strategy is integrated into model predictive control (MPC) to achieve optimal control and state tracking within the closed-loop system. Subsequently, the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy logic model is employed to address the nonlinear terms of the system, and the H∞ performance index is used to mitigate the adverse effects of bounded disturbances on system output. With the assistance of Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequalities (LMI) optimization method, sufficient conditions to ensure the system's asymptotic convergence are provided. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a numerical example and an engineering application example are presented.
Ultralow-dose irradiation enables engraftment and intravital tracking of disease initiating niches in clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Dissanayake Wimeth , Lee Kevin , MacLiesh Melissa , Hong Cih-Li , Yin Zi , Kawano Yuko , Kaszuba Christina , Kawano Hiroki , Marples Brian , Becker Michael , Bajaj Jeevisha , Calvi Laura M. , Yeh Shu-Chi A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Recent advances in imaging suggested that spatial organization of hematopoietic cells in their bone marrow microenvironment (niche) regulates cell expansion, governing progression, and leukemic transformation of hematological clonal disorders. However, our ability to interrogate the niche in pre-malignant conditions has been limited, as standard murine models of these diseases rely largely on transplantation of the mutant clones into conditioned mice where the marrow microenvironment is compromised. Here, we leveraged live-animal microscopy and ultralow dose whole body or focal irradiation to capture single cells and early expansion of benign/pre-malignant clones in the functionally preserved microenvironment. 0.5 Gy whole body irradiation allowed steady engraftment of cells beyond 30 weeks compared to non-conditioned controls. In-vivo tracking and functional analyses of the microenvironment showed no change in vessel integrity, cell viability, and HSC-supportive functions of the stromal cells, suggesting minimal inflammation after the radiation insult. The approach enabled in vivo imaging of Tet2+/- and its healthy counterpart, showing preferential localization within a shared microenvironment while forming discrete micro-niches. Notably, stationary association with the niche only occurred in a subset of cells and would not be identified without live imaging. This strategy may be broadly applied to study clonal disorders in a spatial context.
Distinct Network Patterns Emerge from Cartesian and XOR Epistasis Models: A Comparative Network Science Analysis
Authors: Sha Zhendong , Freda Philip , Bhandary Priyanka , Ghosh Attri , Matsumoto Nicholas , Moore Jason , Hu Ting 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Epistasis, the phenomenon where the effect of one gene (or variant) is masked or modified by one or more other genes, can significantly contribute to the observed phenotypic variance of complex traits. To date, it has been generally assumed that genetic interactions can be detected using a Cartesian, or multiplicative, interaction model commonly utilized in standard regression approaches. However, a recent study investigating epistasis in obesity-related traits in rats and mice has identified potential limitations of the Cartesian model, revealing that it only detects some of the genetic interactions occurring in these systems. By applying an alternative approach, the exclusive-or (XOR) model, the researchers detected a greater number of epistatic interactions and identified more biologically relevant ontological terms associated with the interacting loci. This suggests that the XOR model may provide a more comprehensive understanding of epistasis in these species and phenotypes. To further explore these findings and determine if different interaction models also make up distinct epistatic networks, we leverage network science to provide a more comprehensive view into the genetic interactions underlying BMI in this system.
Results Our comparative analysis of networks derived from Cartesian and XOR interaction models in rats (Rattus norvegicus) uncovers distinct topological characteristics for each model-derived network. Notably, we discover that networks based on the XOR model exhibit an enhanced sensitivity to epistatic interactions. This sensitivity enables the identification of network communities, revealing novel trait-related biological functions through enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we identify triangle network motifs in the XOR epistatic network, suggestive of higher-order epistasis, based on the topology of lower-order epistasis.
Conclusions These findings highlight the XOR model's ability to uncover meaningful biological associations as well as higher-order epistasis from lower-order epistatic networks. Additionally, our results demonstrate that network approaches not only enhance epistasis detection capabilities but also provide more nuanced understandings of genetic architectures underlying complex traits. The identification of community structures and motifs within these distinct networks, especially in XOR, points to the potential for network science to aid in the discovery of novel genetic pathways and regulatory networks. Such insights are important for advancing our understanding of phenotype-genotype relationships.