bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lichen planus and hepatitis virus infections: causal association?
Authors: Rübsam Katharina , Schroll Andreas , Weisenseel Peter , Multhaup Susanne , Ruzicka Thomas , Prinz Jörg C. 
Published: March 2011

Summary Background: The causal association between hepatitis virus infections and lichen planus (LP) remains a matter of controversy. Reliable figures for German patients are still lacking. Patients and Methods: We analyzed the prevalence of serum antibodies against hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) in 265 LP patients and compared the results to 257 patients with chronic urticaria (URT) and 222 patients with malignant melanoma (MM). Additionally, we analyzed age‐ and sex‐specific differences. Results: The prevalence of HBV (13.2 % or 14.7 %) antibodies was significantly higher in patients with LP and URT patients than in the MM control group (HBV: 5.4 %, p < 0.001). The prevalence of HCV antibodies among LP and URT patients (2.6 % or 0.8 %) was not significantly greater (p > 0.05) than in MM patients (0.4 %). The prevalences of HBV and HCV in the MM control group were comparable to those in the general German population (HBV: 5–8 %, HCV: 0.4–0.7 %). An analysis by sub‐groups showed that these differences resulted from sex‐ and age‐dependent prevalences. HBV antibodies were significantly more common only in male LP patients (16.1 %) and in male (20.0 %) and female URT patients (15.6 %) aged 31–60 years. The greater prevalence of HCV in female LP patients older than 60 years of age was not significant. Conclusions: LP is not specifically associated with hepatitis B or C antibodies in the Caucasian population of Germany. The higher prevalences of HBV antibodies found in LP and URT patients may be a reflection of age‐ and sex‐related factors rather than disease‐specific exposure to HBV infections. The increased prevalences seen in patients with LP or URT compared to MM patients may suggest that HBV infection serves as an unspecific trigger for a specific immune reaction of another origin.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, the paradigm of heritable ectopic mineralization disorders – can diet help?
Authors: LaRusso Jennifer , Li Qiaoli , Uitto Jouni 
Published: March 2011

SummaryPseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable multi‐system disorder manifesting with characteristic cutaneous lesions, associated with ocular findings and cardiovascular involvement. The skin lesions, yellowish papules which coalesce into plaques of inelastic and leathery skin, demonstrate by histopathologic and ultrastructural examinations ectopic mineralization of dermal connective tissues, primarily the elastic structures. PXE is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion due to mutations in the ABCC6 gene. Significant insights into the pathogenesis of PXE have been recently obtained from observations on the Abcc6−/− knockout mouse which mimics the genetic, histopathologic and ultrastructural features of PXE. This mouse model has provided a platform to test various treatment modalities to counteract the mineralization phenotypes. One of the intriguing findings emanating from these studies is that supplementation of the mouse diet with magnesium, at levels that are ∼5‐fold higher than those in control diet, completely inhibits the development of tissue mineralization. These and related observations suggest that changes in the diet might counteract the progression of PXE and improve the quality of life of patients with this, currently intractable, disease.
Weight loss and changes in surface roughness of denture base and reline materials after simulated toothbrushing in vitro
Authors: Machado Ana Lucia , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Vergani Carlos Eduardo , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , da Silva Lopes Salles Débora , Jorge Janaina Habib 
Published: March 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00422.x

Weight loss and changes in surface roughness of denture base and reline materials after simulated toothbrushing in vitroObjective:  To evaluate the weight loss and the surface roughness of acrylic resins after simulated brushing tests.Material and methods:  Ten specimens of each material (Tokuyama Rebase II‐TR, New Truliner‐NT, Ufi Gel Hard‐UH and Lucitone 550‐L) were made. The wear loss (mg) by weight and the surface roughness (Ra μm) of each specimen was determined before and after brushing. The specimens were placed on the brushing machine and a total of 20 000 brushing cycles was performed. The results of weight loss and roughness values were submitted to the anova followed by the Tukey’s test (p = 0.05).Results:  The mean weight loss of material L was statistically higher (p < 0.001) than that of the relines TR, UH and NT. No significant differences were found among the roughness values of resins TR, UH and L (p > 0.05). Only for L, toothbrushing increased the surface roughness. After toothbrushing, there was no significant difference between the roughness values of materials L and NT. The highest mean weight loss during the simulated toothbrushing tests was observed for L. Before the toothbrushing tests, the NT exhibited the highest mean roughness.Conclusion:  Brushing resulted in increase in roughness only for resin L.
Perspectives and experiences of Iranian nurses regarding nurse–physician communication: A content analysis study
Authors: VAISMORADI Mojtaba , SALSALI Mahvash , ESMAEILPOUR Mohammad , CHERAGHI Mohammad Ali 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:  Nurse–physician communication in the healthcare setting is an important subject that requires international attention because of its relationship with nurses' job satisfaction, turnover, patient safety, and above all, the quality of care. The importance of conducting studies on communication in different cultures and contexts in order to increase nurses' knowledge regarding nurse–physician communication cannot be overemphasized.Aim:  The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives and experiences of Iranian nurses regarding nurse–physician communication.Methods:  A qualitative study, using the content analysis approach, was conducted. Semistructured interviews were held with 22 female nurses with a Bachelor's degree who were working in two teaching hospitals in an urban area of Iran.Results:  During the data analysis, three main themes emerged: “no independence in decision‐making”, “lack of acknowledgment of nurses' capabilities”, and “unequal support by the healthcare system”.Conclusion:  Healthcare team members and administrators should listen to nurses' perspectives and try to address the problematic areas of nurse–physician communication if they are improving the quality of nursing care that is expected.
Narrow Fungal Mycorrhizal Diversity in a Population of the Orchid Coppensia doniana
Authors: Valadares Rafael B. , Pereira Marlon C. , Otero Joel T. , Cardoso Elke J. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIn nature, orchids are fully dependent on mycorrhizal fungi to germinate their seeds. These fungi can penetrate root cells and form pelotons, hyphal coils responsible for providing simple sugars for the orchid embryo. During the achlorophyllous seedling stage, orchids depend on fungi; and some species remain dependent through life, while others establish photosynthesis but, to varying degrees, remain facultatively dependent or responsive to fungal colonization as adults. The aim of this study was to identify how many clades of fungi can establish mycorrhizal associations with Coppensia doniana, a widespread orchid in Campos do Jordão (Brazil) and to demonstrate how morphological features can be useful to group and identify these fungi. Plants were collected during the dry season of 2009 near Campos do Jordão State Park. Fungi were isolated by transferring root segments containing pelotons to media. Three main clades of fungi were formed by either qualitative or quantitative morphological data. We identified these fungi as two morphotypes of Ceratorhiza (anamorphic stage of Ceratobasidium) and one uninucleate Rhizoctonia. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing data corroborated the morphological features showing the same three clades; all isolates showed a high similarity with Ceratobasidium ITS sequences in GenBank. Thus, it was possible to demonstrate a high affinity between this orchid species of Oncidiinae and Ceratobasidium. Morphological data associated with multivariate statistics proved to be a useful tool in multilevel taxonomy of these orchid‐associated fungi.Abstract in Portuguese is available in the online version of this article.
An Economic Analysis of Landowners’ Willingness to Adopt Wetland and Riparian Conservation Management
Authors: Yu Jia , Belcher Ken 
Published: March 2011

Within the Canadian prairies, there has been extensive loss and degradation of wetland and riparian zones, primarily caused by the intensification and expansion of agriculture. Since most of the wetland and riparian areas found within this agricultural landscape are located on privately owned land, effective policy must be informed by an understanding of the socio‐economic characteristics of these landowners. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the compensation required for private landowners to conserve wetland and riparian zones within the Prairie Pothole Region of Saskatchewan and to evaluate the influence of farm characteristics and landowner attitudes on conservation decisions. A survey, targeted at landowners in two distinct regions, was used to evaluate the willingness to accept for conserving riparian areas based on a proposed 10‐year payment program. While the analysis confirms that the magnitude of the payment is an important factor in landowners’ conservation adoption decision, the impact of other factors including landowner experience, planning horizon, and perceptions of wetland values provides important insights into conservation program development and delivery. Dans les Prairies canadiennes, la perte et la détérioration des zones humides et des zones riveraines sont importantes et sont principalement attribuables à l’expansion et à l’intensification de l’agriculture. Comme la plupart des zones humides et riveraines de ce paysage agricole se trouvent sur des terres privées, une politique efficace doit reposer sur la compréhension des caractéristiques socio‐économiques des propriétaires fonciers concernés. Le présent article vise à estimer la valeur des compensations qu’il faudrait verser aux propriétaires fonciers privés pour qu’ils acceptent de conserver les zones humides et les zones riveraines dans la région des cuvettes des Prairies de la Saskatchewan et àévaluer l’influence des caractéristiques agricoles et de l’attitude des propriétaires fonciers sur les décisions de conservation. Nous avons utilisé une enquête menée auprès de propriétaires fonciers dans deux régions distinctes pour évaluer le consentement à accepter (CAA) de conserver les zones riveraines fondé sur la création proposée d’un programme de paiements étalé sur dix ans. Bien que l’analyse confirme que la taille des paiements représente un facteur important dans les décisions de conservation des propriétaires fonciers, d’autres facteurs, tels que l’expérience des propriétaires fonciers, l’horizon de planification et les perceptions quant à la valeur des zones humides, fournissent des renseignements importants pour l’élaboration et la prestation de programmes de conservation.
Experimental challenge and pathology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in dunlin (Calidris alpina), an intercontinental migrant shorebird species
Authors: Hall Jeffrey S. , Franson J. Christian , Gill Robert E. , Meteyer Carol U. , TeSlaa Joshua L. , Nashold Sean , Dusek Robert J. , Ip Hon S. 
Published: March 2011

Please cite this paper as: Hall et al. (2011). Experimental challenge and pathology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in dunlin (Calidris alpina), an intercontinental migrant shorebird species. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(5), 365–372.Background  Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are considered one of the primary reservoirs of avian influenza. Because these species are highly migratory, there is concern that infected shorebirds may be a mechanism by which highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 could be introduced into North America from Asia. Large numbers of dunlin (Calidris alpina) migrate from wintering areas in central and eastern Asia, where HPAIV H5N1 is endemic, across the Bering Sea to breeding areas in Alaska. Low pathogenic avian influenza virus has been previously detected in dunlin, and thus, dunlin represent a potential risk to transport HPAIV to North America. To date no experimental challenge studies have been performed in shorebirds.Methods  Wild dunlin were inoculated intranasally and intrachoanally various doses of HPAIV H5N1. The birds were monitored daily for virus excretion, disease signs, morbidity, and mortality.Results  The infectious dose of HPAIV H5N1 in dunlin was determined to be 101.7 EID50/100 μl and that the lethal dose was 101.83 EID50/100 μl. Clinical signs were consistent with neurotropic disease, and histochemical analyses revealed that infection was systemic with viral antigen and RNA most consistently found in brain tissues. Infected birds excreted relatively large amounts of virus orally (104 EID50) and smaller amounts cloacally.Conclusions  Dunlin are highly susceptible to infection with HPAIV H5N1. They become infected after exposure to relatively small doses of the virus and if they become infected, they are most likely to suffer mortality within 3–5 days. These results have important implications regarding the risks of transport and transmission of HPAIV H5N1 to North America by this species and raises questions for further investigation.
Pilot‐Scale Technology Development, Nutritional and Consumer Assessment of Whole‐Multigrain Cookies as Influenced by Fructan Inclusion
Authors: Handa Chanu , Goomer Sangeeta , Siddhu Anupa 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  The benefits of wholegrain finger millet and sorghum were combined with that of fructan in form of fructoligosaccharide in the pilot‐scale production (10 kg) of cookies. Complete nutritional analysis of the cookies was carried out to provide nutritional information to the consumers. Whole‐multigrain cookies with fructan can be categorized as “High Fiber” as they suffice 21% daily value (DV) of fiber and a “Good Source” of iron as they suffice 12.8% DV of iron. A total of 300 consumers (M = 110 and F = 190), aged between 8 and 66 y evaluated cookies. The overall acceptability (OAA) score of 300 consumers was 8.0 ± 0.58 on a 9‐point hedonic scale. Females rated cookies significantly (P < 0.05) higher than males in terms of flavor, texture, appearance, and OAA. Males rated cookies significantly (P < 0.05) higher on color attribute than females. Encouraging response of consumers signified ample scope for viability and marketability of cookies at the commercial scale.Practical Application:  Consumers are looking at snack and convenience foods to provide increased fiber in their diet and there is a tremendous interest in low‐calorie and low‐sugar foods. The demand of whole and multigrain products is also on the rise because of the Government's emphasis. The present study would assist in assessing feasibility of commercial production of such novel health foods. Together with this, it will ascertain the marketability and commercial viability of the product by means of the consumer preference trials. Availability of such cookies in the market would offer consumers “health” with “convenience” and “taste.”
Visible/Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Detects Autolytic Changes during Storage of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Sone Izumi , Olsen Ragnar L. , Dahl Reidun , Heia Karsten 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  Visible (VIS)/near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate spectroscopic changes occurring during storage of Atlantic salmon fillets with and without bacterial growth. A storage experiment was conducted for 11 d postmortem. Bacterial growth was inhibited by soaking a group of salmon fillets in 3 mM NaN3 prior to storage, while a control group retained its normal bacterial growth. Spectra were obtained by directly applying the spectroscopic probe onto the loin part of each fillet stored under conditions accelerating degradation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to monitor and compare spectroscopic development of the 2 groups and the results showed that VIS/NIR spectral changes occurred in the control as well as the treated group of samples within a single day after filleting. After 2 d of storage, stored samples were distinguishable from those fresh in both groups and it was only after the microbial spoilage became pronounced (8 to 9 log colony forming unit [CFU]/g) that the spectra of the spoiled control samples could be differentiated from spectra of the treated samples with no bacterial growth. Microbial growth is therefore not the only explanation for the spectral variations prior to microbial spoilage. Nonmicrobial, autolytic changes including possible changes in the physical properties are also contributing. Our results show that VIS/NIR spectroscopy can detect autolytic changes occurring in salmon muscle during the early stage of storage, independent of microbial growth.Practical Application:  Important spectroscopic changes occur even when microbial growth is not apparent. This indicates that VIS/NIR spectroscopy may be used to determine the degree of freshness before microbial spoilage becomes relevant.
Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of 2 Water‐Soluble Polysaccharide Fractions Purified from Tea (Camellia sinensis) Flower
Authors: Quan Han , Qiong‐Yao Yu , Jiang Shi , Chang‐Yun Xiong , Ze‐Jie Ling , Pu‐Ming He 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  The water‐soluble crude polysaccharide tea flower polysaccharide (TFP), obtained from tea (Camellia sinensis) flower by boiling‐water extraction and ethanol precipitation, was fractionated by Sephadex G‐100 column chromatography, giving 2 polysaccharide fractions termed TFP‐1 and TFP‐2. The structural features of TFP‐1 and TFP‐2 were investigated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), rheometer, infrared (IR) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated that TFP‐1 was composed of glucose: xylose: rhamnose: galactose = 1.0:1.2:0.81:0.98 with a molecular weight of 167.5 KDa, while TFP‐2 comprised glucose: xylose: rhamnose: arabinose = 1.0:0.76:2.3:2.3 with a molecular weight of 10.1 KDa. The 1H NMR revealed that TFP‐1 contained α‐L‐Rhap, α‐D‐Galp, α‐D‐GalpNAc, α‐D‐Xylp, α‐D‐Glcp, and β‐D‐Glcp residues, while TFP‐2 was illustrated to have α‐L‐Rhap, α‐L‐Arap, α‐D‐Xylp, α‐D‐Glcp, and α‐D‐GlcpNAc residues. Antioxidant activities of these fractions were investigated using various in vitro assay systems compared with ascorbic acid. In conclusion, TFP‐2 exhibited the higher antioxidant activities and could be explored as a novel potential antioxidant.Practical Application:  At present, commonly low‐grade tea is preferred to extract the tea polysaccharide, to take full advantage of tea flower resource to extract polysaccharides can greatly reduce the cost of tea products. Thus, the search for plant‐derived biomaterials from this study could generate natural value‐added products from underutilized tea plant waste and used as a medicinal agent against chronic health problems, such as cancers, aging, and atherosclerosis caused by reactive free radicals that produced from oxidation.
Antimicrobial Edible Apple Films Inactivate Antibiotic Resistant and Susceptible Campylobacter jejuni Strains on Chicken Breast
Authors: Mild Rita M. , Joens Lynn A. , Friedman Mendel , Olsen Carl W. , McHugh Tara H. , Law Bibiana , Ravishankar Sadhana 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide. Many strains are now becoming multidrug resistant. Apple‐based edible films containing carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde were evaluated for bactericidal activity against antibiotic resistant and susceptible C. jejuni strains on chicken. Retail chicken breast samples inoculated with D28a and H2a (resistant strains) and A24a (a sensitive strain) were wrapped in apple films containing cinnamaldehyde or carvacrol at 0.5%, 1.5%, and 3% concentrations, and then incubated at 4 or 23 °C for 72 h. Immediately after wrapping and at 72 h, samples were plated for enumeration of viable C. jejuni. The antimicrobial films exhibited dose‐ and temperature‐dependent bactericidal activity against all strains. Films with ≥1.5% cinnamaldehyde reduced populations of all strains to below detection at 23 °C at 72 h. At 4 °C with cinnamaldehyde, reductions were variable for all strains, ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 logs and 1.8 to 6.0 logs at 1.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Films with 3% carvacrol reduced populations of A24a and H2a to below detection, and D28a by 2.4 logs at 23 °C and 72 h. A 0.5‐log reduction was observed for both A24a and D28a, and 0.9 logs for H2a at 4 °C at 3% carvacrol. Reductions ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 logs and 0.4 to 1.2 logs with 1.5% and 0.5% carvacrol at 23 °C, respectively. The films with cinnamaldehyde were more effective than carvacrol films. Reductions at 23 °C were greater than those at 4 °C. Our results showed that antimicrobial apple films have the potential to reduce C. jejuni on chicken and therefore, the risk of campylobacteriosis. Possible mechanisms of antimicrobial effects are discussed.Practical Application:  Apple antimicrobial films could potentially be used in retail food packaging to reduce C. jejuni commonly present on food.
Photodynamic Effects of Pterin on HeLa Cells
Authors: Paula Denofrio M. , Lorente Carolina , Breitenbach Thomas , Hatz Sonja , Cabrerizo Franco M. , Thomas Andrés H. , Ogilby Peter R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPterins, heterocyclic compounds widespread in biological systems, participate in relevant biological processes and are able to act as photosensitizers. In the present study, we ascertained that 2‐aminopteridin‐4(3H)‐one, abbreviated as Ptr, is readily incorporated into and/or onto cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and that these cells die upon UV‐A irradiation of Ptr. Cell death was assessed using two tests: (1) the Rhodamine 123 fluorescence assay for mitochondrial viability and (2) the Trypan Blue assay for membrane integrity. The data suggest that, for Ptr‐dependent photoinitiated cell death, events related to mitochondrial failure precede those associated with the failure of the cell membrane.