bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical evaluation of current developmental toxicity testing strategies: a case of babies and their bathwater
Authors: Carney Edward W. , Ellis Amy L. , Tyl Rochelle W. , Foster Paul M.D. , Scialli Anthony R. , Thompson Kary , Kim James 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis review is the second in a series of four papers emanating from a workshop entitled “Developmental Toxicology—New Directions,” which was sponsored by the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's (HESI) Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Technical Committee. The present review analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of current developmental safety testing approaches in an effort to identify those strengths that should be retained in the future versus the weaknesses that should be eliminated. Workshop participants considered the following to be key strengths of current testing approaches: the integrated biology of pregnant animal models including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, the ability to detect low incidence malformations as well as maternally mediated toxicity, and the long history of use coupled with extensive historical data. A number of weaknesses were related to the resource‐intensive nature of developmental toxicity testing (e.g., large number of animals, high costs, low throughput, the inability to keep pace with the demand for more toxicity data). Other weaknesses included the use of very high dose levels that often far exceed human exposure levels, the confounding influence of maternal toxicity, sparse understanding of basic developmental mechanisms and genetics of standard animal models relative to mouse or lower organisms, difficulties interpreting low incidence findings, and issues surrounding the interpretation of minor skeletal variations. An appreciation of these strengths and weaknesses is critical for the design of new approaches to developmental toxicity testing in the 21st century. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:395–403, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arrangement of type IV collagen on NH2 and COOH functionalized surfaces
Authors: Coelho Nuno Miranda , González‐García Cristina , Salmerón‐Sánchez Manuel , Altankov George 
Published: July 2011

AbstractApart from the paradigm that cell–biomaterials interaction depends on the adsorption of soluble adhesive proteins we anticipate that upon distinct conditions also other, less soluble ECM proteins such as collagens, associate with the biomaterials interface with consequences for cellular response that might be of significant bioengineering interest. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we seek to follow the nanoscale behavior of adsorbed type IV collagen (Col IV)—a unique multifunctional matrix protein involved in the organization of basement membranes (BMs) including vascular ones. We have previously shown that substratum wettability significantly affects Col IV adsorption pattern, and in turn alters endothelial cells interaction. Here we introduce two new model surfaces based on self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), a positively charged –NH2, and negatively charged –COOH surface, to learn more about their particular effect on Col IV behavior. AFM studies revealed distinct pattern of Col IV assembly onto the two SAMs resembling different aspects of network‐like structure or aggregates (suggesting altered protein conformation). Moreover, the amount of adsorbed FITC‐labeled Col IV was quantified and showed about twice more protein on NH2 substrata. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells attached less efficiently to Col IV adsorbed on negatively charged COOH surface judged by altered cell spreading, focal adhesions formation, and actin cytoskeleton development. Immunofluorescence studies also revealed better Col IV recognition by both α1 and α2 integrins on positively charged NH2 substrata resulting in higher phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase recruitment in the focal adhesion complexes. On COOH surface, no integrin clustering was observed. Taken altogether these results, point to the possibility that combined NH2 and Col IV functionalization may support endothelization of cardiovascular implants. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 3009–3018. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high loadings in room temperature ionic liquids
Authors: Wu Hong , Mora‐Pale Mauricio , Miao Jianjun , Doherty Thomas V. , Linhardt Robert J. , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have emerged as attractive solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment in the production of biofuels and chemical feedstocks. However, the high cost of ILs is a key deterrent to their practical application. Here, we show that acetate based ILs are effective in dramatically reducing the recalcitrance of corn stover toward enzymatic polysaccharide hydrolysis even at loadings of biomass as high as 50% by weight. Under these conditions, the IL serves more as a pretreatment additive rather than a true solvent. Pretreatment of corn stover with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidizolium acetate ([Emim] [OAc]) at 125 ± 5°C for 1 h resulted in a dramatic reduction of cellulose crystallinity (up to 52%) and extraction of lignin (up to 44%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the IL‐treated biomass was performed with a common commercial cellulase/xylanase from Trichoderma reesei and a commercial β‐glucosidase, and resulted in fermentable sugar yields of ∼80% for glucose and ∼50% for xylose at corn stover loadings up to 33% (w/w) and 55% and 34% for glucose and xylose, respectively, at 50% (w/w) biomass loading. Similar results were observed for the IL‐facilitated pretreatment of switchgrass, poplar, and the highly recalcitrant hardwood, maple. At 4.8% (w/w) corn stover, [Emim][OAc] can be readily reused up to 10 times without removal of extracted components, such as lignin, with no effect on subsequent fermentable sugar yields. A significant reduction in the amount of IL combined with facile recycling has the potential to enable ILs to be used in large‐scale biomass pretreatment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2865–2875. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolite profiling of recombinant CHO cells: Designing tailored feeding regimes that enhance recombinant antibody production
Authors: Sellick Christopher A. , Croxford Alexandra S. , Maqsood Arfa R. , Stephens Gill , Westerhoff Hans V. , Goodacre Royston , Dickson Alan J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary platform for commercial expression of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Obtaining maximum production from the expression platform requires optimal cell culture medium (and associated nutrient feeds). We have used metabolite profiling to define the balance of intracellular and extracellular metabolites during the production process of a CHO cell line expressing a recombinant IgG4 antibody. Using this metabolite profiling approach, it was possible to identify nutrient limitations, which acted as bottlenecks for antibody production, and subsequently develop a simple feeding regime to relieve these metabolic bottlenecks. This metabolite profiling‐based strategy was used to design a targeted, low cost nutrient feed that increased cell biomass by 35% and doubled the antibody titer. This approach, with the potential for utilization in non‐specialized laboratories, can be applied universally to the optimization of production of commercially important biopharmaceuticals. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 3025–3031. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Working to Ensure Safety, Belonging and Success for Unaccompanied Asylum‐seeking Children
Authors: Kohli Ravi K. S. 
Published: July 2011

This paper considers what safety, belonging and success mean to children and young people who seek asylum alone within richer nations. These three elements are conceptualised, taking account of journeys away from their countries of origin towards a sense of ‘home’ in a new country. The conceptual map is then used to frame existing research to establish what is known, and what needs to be further examined in understanding the ways in which the three elements are manifest when permanent resettlement, temporary admission and enforced return are all possible outcomes of an asylum claim. The paper concludes that the state of knowledge is currently uncertain in relation to each element, with some good evidence of safety and belonging in the context of permanent resettlement and relatively poor understanding of success when children and young people are forced to return away from the country of asylum. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Home is the place where, when you have to go there,They have to take you in.’The Death of the Hired Man by Robert Frost, 1915 (Frost, 1973)‘permanent resettlement, temporary admission and enforced return are all possible outcomes of an asylum claim’
Synthesis of a New Series of 1H‐Imidazol‐1‐yl Substituted 8‐Phenylxanthines as Adenosine Receptor Ligands
Authors: Bansal Ranju , Kumar Gulshan , Gandhi Deepika , Young Louise C. , Harvey Alan L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new series of 1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl substituted 8‐phenylxanthine analogs has been synthesized to study the effects of the imidazole group on the binding affinity of compounds for adenosine receptors. Competition binding studies of these compounds were carried out in vitro with human cloned receptors using [3H]DPCPX and [3H]ZM 241385 as radioligands at A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, respectively. The effect of the substitution pattern of the (imidazolyl)alkoxy group on various positions of the phenyl ring at C(8) was also studied. The xanthine derivatives displayed varying degrees of affinity and selectivity towards A1 and A2A receptor subtypes despite a common but variedly substituted ArC(8).
Novel 3‐Oxo‐ and 3,24‐Dinor‐2,4‐secooleanane‐Type Triterpenes from Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev.
Authors: Ponou Beaudelaire Kemvoufo , Teponno Rémy Bertrand , Ricciutelli Massimo , Nguelefack Télesphore Bénoit , Quassinti Luana , Bramucci Massimo , Lupidi Giulio , Barboni Luciano , Tapondjou Léon Azefack 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTwo new oleanane‐type triterpenes named ivorengenin A (=3‐oxo‐2α,19α,24‐trihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid; 1) and ivorengenin B (=4‐oxo‐19α‐hydroxy‐3,24‐dinor‐2,4‐secoolean‐12‐ene‐2,28‐dioic acid; 2), together with five known compounds, arjungenin, arjunic acid, betulinic acid, sericic acid, and oleanolic acid, were isolated from the barks of Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev. (Combretaceae). Their structures were established on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data, and mass spectrometry. A biogenetic pathway to the formation of these compounds from sericic acid, isolated as the major compound from this plant, was proposed. The antioxidant activities of different compounds were investigated by means of the 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, and IC50 values were calculated and compared with Trolox activity. Antiproliferative activities of the isolated compounds were also evaluated against MDA‐MB‐231, PC3, HCT116, and T98G human cancer cell lines, against which the compounds showed significant cytotoxic activities.
Synthesis, Characterization, and DNA‐Binding and ‐Cleavage Properties of Dinuclear CuIISalophen/Salen Complexes
Authors: Rabindra Reddy Pulimamidi , Shilpa Addla 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDinuclear CuII complexes, [Cu2(salophen)2] (1) and [Cu2(salen)2] (2), with Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and o‐phenylenediamine (ophen) or ethylenediamine (en) were synthesized and characterized. They exhibit square‐planar geometry with CuN2O2 coordination, where the dianionic Schiff base acts as a tetradentate N2O2 donor ligand. Calf thymus (CT)‐DNA Binding studies revealed that the complexes possess good binding propensities (Kb=3.13×105 for 1 and Kb=2.99×105 M−1 for 2). They show good DNA‐cleavage abilities under oxidative and hydrolytic conditions. Complex 1 binds and cleaves DNA more efficiently as compared to 2 due to the presence of an extended aromatic phenyl ring which might be involved in an additional stacking interaction with DNA bases. From the kinetic experiments, hydrolytic DNA‐cleavage rate constants were determined as 1.54 for 1 and 0.72 h−1 for 2. The nuclease activities of 1 and 2 are significant, giving rise to (2.03–2.88)×107‐fold rate enhancement compared to non‐catalyzed DNA cleavage.
Huperzine A as Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: An Assessment on Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Studies
Authors: Ha Giang T. , Wong Ryan K. , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the fourth leading cause of death in adults, characterized by hallmark neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Current treatments focus only on symptom relief. As a possible new treatment option for AD, huperzine A's chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical effectiveness are assessed. The chemical synthesis of huperzine A has been optimized, while an in vitro technique has provided a renewable plant source. Pharmacological studies showed that the drug inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase reversibly and selectively. Huperzine A also displayed good pharmacokinetics with a rapid absorption and a wide distribution in the body at a low to moderate rate of elimination. Presently, inadequate toxicity data in human have been reported, yet animal studies demonstrated mild to moderate cholinergic side effects at therapeutic doses. Previous clinical trials have shown improvement in memory function using MMSE, MQ, ADAS‐COG, and ADL tests. In an unpublished phase II clinical trial, the ADAS‐COG and MMSE tests indicated cognitive enhancement at a dose of 0.4 mg, yet no improvement was observed at a dose of 0.2 mg. The MMSE scores indicated cognitive enhancement at 0.4 mg. Promising data suggested that huperzine A is well tolerated at doses up to 0.4 mg for 24 weeks. Therefore, huperzine A seems to be a potential treatment option for AD.
Aurothiomalate as Preventive and Chain‐Breaking Antioxidant in Radical Degradation of High‐Molar‐Mass Hyaluronan
Authors: Valachová Katarína , Vargová Andrea , Rapta Peter , Hrabárová Eva , Dráfi František , Bauerová Katarína , Juránek Ivo , Šoltés Ladislav 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe potential anti‐ or pro‐oxidative effects of a disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug, aurothiomalate, to protect high‐molar‐mass hyaluronan against radical degradation were investigated along with L‐glutathione – tested in similar functions. Hyaluronan degradation was induced by the oxidative system CuII plus ascorbate known as the Weissberger's oxidative system. The time‐ and dose‐dependent changes of the dynamic viscosity of the hyaluronan solutions were studied by the method of rotational viscometry. Additionally, the antioxidative activity of aurothiomalate expressed as a radical‐scavenging capacity based on a decolorization 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay was inspected. At the higher concentrations tested, L‐glutathione showed excellent scavenging of .OH and peroxyl‐type radicals, however, at the lowest concentration applied, its pro‐oxidative effect was revealed. The effects of aurothiomalate on hyaluronan degradation were similar to that of L‐glutathione, however, at the lowest concentration tested, no significant pro‐oxidant effect was observed.
Defensive Secretions inCallipodella fasciata(Latzel, 1882; Diplopoda, Callipodida, Schizopetalidae)
Authors: Makarov Slobodan E. , Ćurčić Božidar P. M. , Vujisić Ljubodrag V. , Jadranin Milka B. , Tešević Vele V. , Vučković Ivan M. , Sekulić Tatjana L. , Ćurčić Srećko B. , Mitić Bojan M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe small millipedeCallipodella fasciatasecretes an earthy smell when disturbed. This secretion was obtained by CH2Cl2extraction from specimens of both sexes and was identified by GC/MS analyses to be composed ofp‐cresol (96.5%), phenol (3.5%), andp‐ethylphenol (traces). This is the first identification of these compounds in an epigean European callipodidan species and the first report of intergeneric differences in the chemical composition of defensive secretions in callipodidans. These compounds have repellent, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties.
Antioxidant and Pro‐Oxidant Evaluation of a Potentilla alba L. Rhizome Extract
Authors: Damien Dorman H. J. , Shikov Alexander N. , Pozharitskaya Olga N. , Hiltunen Raimo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUsing spectrophotometric methods, a H2O‐soluble Potentilla alba L. rhizome extract was evaluated phytochemically, i.e., the total phenol, flavonoid, flavonol, flavanone, and proanthocyanidin contents were determined, and its antioxidant and pro‐oxidant properties, i.e., the FeIII reductive and the FeII chelating properties, the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH.), N,N‐dimethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (DMPD.+), and superoxide anion radical (O$\rm{{_{2}^{{^\cdot} -}}}$)‐scavenging activities, the capacity to inhibit hydroxyl radical (HO.)‐mediated deoxy‐D‐ribose and phospholipid degradation, and the interaction with the Cu‐catalyzed HO.‐mediated DNA degradation, were determined. The extract was found to contain a range of phenolic compounds recognized to possess strong antioxidant‐like properties. Moreover, the extract demonstrated dose‐dependent activities in all the antioxidant assays with the exception of the DNA‐degradation assay, where the components within the extract interfered with the assay components at concentrations ≥1.00 mg/ml. Potentilla species are known for their curative properties, with aerial/subterranean parts being prescribed for numerous indications. The data presented here suggests, though does not conclude, that the rhizomes contain compounds possessing a range of antioxidant‐related properties, which may underpin the therapeutic, viz., anti‐inflammatory and adaptogenic effects, ascribed to species of this genus.
Total Syntheses of Cyanthiwigins B, F, and G
Authors: Enquist John A. , Virgil Scott C. , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA concise and versatile approach toward the preparation of the cyanthiwigin family of cyathane natural products is described. By leveraging a unique double asymmetric catalytic alkylation procedure it is possible to quickly establish two of the most critical stereocenters of the cyanthiwigin framework with high levels of selectivity and expediency. The synthetic route additionally employs both a tandem ring‐closing cross‐metathesis reaction, and an aldehyde‐olefin radical cyclization process, in order to rapidly arrive at the tricyclic cyathane core of the cyanthiwigin molecules. From this unifying intermediate, the preparations of cyanthiwigins B, F, and G are attained swiftly and without the need for protecting groups.
Helical Carbon Nanotubes: Intrinsic Peroxidase Catalytic Activity and Its Application for Biocatalysis and Biosensing
Authors: Cui Rongjing , Han Zhida , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA combined hydrothermal/hydrogen reduction method has been developed for the mass production of helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) by the pyrolysis of acetylene at 475 °C in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The synthesized HCNTs have been characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, and contact‐angle measurements. The as‐prepared helical‐structured carbon nanotubes have a large specific surface area and high peroxidase‐like activity. Catalysis was found to follow Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the HCNTs showed strong affinity for both H2O2 and 3,3′,5,5′,‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Based on the high activity, the HCNTs were firstly used to develop a biocatalyst and amperometric sensor. At pH 7.0, the constructed amperometric sensor showed a linear range for the detection of H2O2 from 0.5 to 115 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 without the need for an electron‐transfer mediator. Because of their low cost and high stability, these novel metallic HCNTs represent a promising candidate as mimetic enzymes and may find a wide range of new applications, such as in biocatalysis, immunoassay, and environmental monitoring.
Rapid Synthesis of Porous Honeycomb Cu/Pd through a Hydrogen‐Bubble Templating Method
Authors: Najdovski Ilija , Selvakannan PR , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Bhargava Suresh K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA rapid electrochemical method based on using a clean hydrogen‐bubble template to form a bimetallic porous honeycomb Cu/Pd structure has been investigated. The addition of palladium salt to a copper‐plating bath under conditions of vigorous hydrogen evolution was found to influence the pore size and bulk concentration of copper and palladium in the honeycomb bimetallic structure. The surface was characterised by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which revealed that the surface of honeycomb Cu/Pd was found to be rich with a Cu/Pd alloy. The inclusion of palladium in the bimetallic structure not only influenced the pore size, but also modified the dendritic nature of the internal wall structure of the parent copper material into small nanometre‐sized crystallites. The chemical composition of the bimetallic structure and substantial morphology changes were found to significantly influence the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic response for immobilised rhodamine B and the hydrogen‐evolution reaction. The ability to create free‐standing films of this honeycomb material may also have many advantages in the areas of gas‐ and liquid‐phase heterogeneous catalysis.
A Comparative Study of Ozonation, Homogeneous Catalytic Ozonation, and Photocatalytic Ozonation for C.I. Reactive Red 194 Azo Dye Degradation
Authors: Yıldırım A. Özlem , Gül Şermin , Eren Orkide , Kuşvuran Erdal 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study, the decolorization, dearomatization, and mineralization efficiencies of different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs; namely O3, O3/Fe(II), O3/Fe(II)/UVA, and O3/TiO2/UVA) were investigated for the azo dye C.I. Reactive Red 194 (RR194). The effects of pH (3–11), amount of TiO2 (0.05–1 g/L), and concentration of Fe(II) (0.1–1.6 mM) were investigated for the applied methods. The decolorization and mineralization efficiencies of the photocatalytic ozonation system (O3/TiO2/UVA) were increased by decreasing the pH of the dye solution in contrast to the ozonation system (O3). Decolorization of RR194 was increased in the photocatalytic ozonation system with an increasing amount of catalyst however, a decreasing was occurred for the homogeneous catalytic system (O3/Fe(II)) when increasing the concentration of catalyst. The decolorization efficiency of the homogeneous catalytic system (O3/Fe(II)) was enhanced when combined with UVA light. In our study, the most efficient method for dearomatization and mineralization was the O3/TiO2/UVA among the applied AOPs.
Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Esters Bearing a Benzothiazole Moiety via a Mannich‐Type Reaction Catalyzed by a Cinchona Alkaloid Derivative
Authors: Li Liang , Song Bao‐An , Bhadury Pinaki S. , Zhang Yu‐Ping , Hu De‐Yu , Yang Song 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNovel β‐amino esters bearing a bioactive benzothiazole moiety were obtained with high enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee) through a Mannich‐type reaction of different imines with malonate in the presence of a new chiral cinchona alkaloid thiourea catalyst. Imines derived from both aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes were found useful in this conversion.