bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P03-181 - The Impact Of Day Clinic Treatment On Internalized Stigma
Authors: Provaznikova K. , Sibitz I. , Amering M. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundThe stigma of mental illness is a complicating feature of psychiatric treatment, especially in schizophrenia. A detrimental consequence is internalized stigma-the inner subjective experience of stigma resulting from applying negative stereotypes and stigmatizing attitudes to oneself. The empowerment and recovery oriented program of the day clinic might contribute to a reduction in internalized stigma. Until now the influence of day clinic treatment on internalized stigma has not been studied.MethodsData from two groups of patients had been collected at baseline and after five weeks. The experimental group attended the day clinic treatment (TKL-group, 20 patients), the control group waited for the day clinic treatment (KO-group, 20 patients). At both times the Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness scale, the CES-Depression Scale, the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire capturing the subjective quality of life and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were applied. Furthermore, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected.ResultsChanges during the five weeks within the TKL-group showed a significant reduction of internalized stigma and psychopathology and a significant improvement in quality of life. Within the KO-group it was only a significant reduction of depression. Significant differences between the two groups concerned changes in the quality of life and psychopathology with a clear advantage for the TKL-group. However, with regard to changes in internalized stigma, no significant differences between the TKL- and the KO-group could be observed.ConclusionsExploring a sample size of two groups each of 110 patients appears to be a feasible and valuable research plan with regard to internalized stigma.
P03-199 - Rct: quetiapine vs. Placebo in alcohol relapse prevention. Rational, methods and preliminary results
Authors: Croissant B. , Boehler J. , Lorenz J. , Diehl A. , Wedekind D. , Mann K. , Havemann-Reinecke U. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionQuetiapine is a novel antipsychotic drug, which is efficacious in the treatment of schizophrenia and also helps reduce craving and consumption of stimulants and alcohol. Due to Quetiapine's promising receptor profile, we set out to examine its efficacy in relapse prevention treatment of alcoholic dependent patients suffering from craving and affective symptoms.MethodsThe three center pilot-RCT evaluated 40 alcohol dependent patients after withdrawal (Quetiapine vs. placebo). They were followed up for six months. We used operationalized questionnaires including OCDS-G, Form 90-CR, Form 90 short form-CR, PSQI, MADRS, STAI, BDI and FTND.HypothesesWe tested the one sided hypothesis that it takes longer for the first severe relapse to occur using Quetiapine compared to a placebo. The primary outcome measure is time to first severe relapse. Further, we tested the two sided hypothesis that Quetiapine will prolong time until first consumption of ethanol, decrease the number of drinking days and increase the number of abstinence days, decrease the cumulative amount of ethanol, decrease craving, improve depression symptoms, improve anxiety symptoms, improve quality of sleep, avoid deterioration of safety variables and decrease nicotine addiction.ConclusionOur pilot study is designed to provide evidence for the efficacy of Quetiapine in alcohol relapse prevention. Alcohol dependent patients after withdrawal should display a decrease in persistant craving and should be less afflicted by sleep disorders, excitement or symptoms of depression or anxiety. The poster provides the rational for conducting this study and describes the study protocol including the subject's characteristics.
P03-205 - Did Video Kill The Radio Star? - Assessing Gambling And Multimedia Use In Luxembourg'S High School Students
Authors: Paulos C. , Duscherer K. 
Published: June 2010

For years, addiction prevention was centered on substance abuse. This focus has shifted recently, especially in regard to children and teenagers, with a growing concern on potentially knotty behaviors, namely gambling and computer, Internet or video game abuse. With the recent soar and availability of the new technologies, it is however extremely difficult to assess which kind of behavioral patterns can be considered as normal, or not, in the contemporary teenage population. To gather benchmark results, we therefore initiated two nationwide surveys, reaching all the students enrolled in the public or private high schools in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.The first survey aims at assessing the frequency and modalities of gambling in Luxembourg's high school students. These data will be especially relevant for the pending legislative discussions whether the national gambling regulations should include a paragraph about the protection of minors or not.The second survey aims at assessing multimedia use by Luxembourg's high school students. These questions not only inquire the accessibility to various technologies, but also try to depict teenagers’ daily behavior and use of the available technologies. The main objective of this survey is to assess to which extend the technologies are used in different tasks (i.e. work, communication, leisure), but also to appraise whether this population has pleasing access to the current media.
P03-206 - “Widow Alcoholism” Phenomenon In Russia
Authors: Egorov A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAccording to Russian official statistics the average life period in males is about 59 years while in females it is about 73. The average marriage age for males is 24.4 and 22.2 for females. Thus statistically average woman in Russia lives in widowhood more than 15 years.Methods16 females aged 43 - 76 who began alcohol abuse in the second life period after (or during) social stress were studied. Specially elaborated Alcohol Intake Motive Self-esteem (AIMSE) scale was used.ResultsAccording to ICD-10 criteria alcohol intake in all females conformed to F10.1 - Alcohol Dependence, in 12 it conformed to F10.3 - Alcohol Withdrawal. Duration of alcohol misuse before first appeal to addiction specialist varied from 1 to 8 years (mean 3,3±1,2 years). Mean duration of addiction forming was 1,8±,1,1 years; mean daily 100% ethanol tolerance was 100-150 ml. The stress situation was:
1)A long-term husband illness which terminated lethally (7 persons);2)An unexpected death of a husband or constant partner (5 persons);3)Relation rupture with a husband or partner (4 persons).The highest scores in AIMSE-scale have been obtained in the motives “solitude”, “low mood”, ‘bad physical health” and “heed deficit from children and relatives”.ConclusionsThe data have shown the phenomenon typical to the late onset female alcoholism in Russia. “Widow” alcoholism occurs in women in the second half of their life, when emotional bereavement situation and solitude are main provoking factors.
P03-209 - Determinations Of Substances Of Abuse In Relation To The Application Of A Protocol Of Toxic
Authors: Euba O. , Zallo E. , Torreblanca M. , Pinilla E. , Chicharro F. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesComorbidity between a substance use disorder (SUD) and another psychiatric disorder is known as dual diagnosis. The relevance of SUD with mental illness owe to his influence in the clinical practice, evolution and costs of care.At the Hospital of Zamudio, the determination of substances of abuse in urine begins in January 1999 and in May 2003 a practical guide to detection and norms substance use was established and revised in late 2006.The objective of this work is to make a valuation in this issue, reflected in the petitions made during this time and the evolution of the determinations of drug misuse, both of them indicating the understanding of the importance of dual diagnosisMethodsDeterminations of toxics in urine are collected from January 1999 to December 2009.Results:YEAR NUMBER OF TOXIC DETERMINATIONS1999 26442000 24112001 33602002 64562003 101992004 91752005 87242006 86892007 83622008 107662009 14625The distribution of toxic determinations is mainly between amphetamines, opiates, THC and cocaine, in equal proportion (25% for each approximately).ConclusionsThe gradual increase over the years, could be translated into a greater awareness of the importance of dual diagnosis.However, the homogeneous distribution of the petitions among the different toxics perhaps could lead to the need of an implementation of the protocol, considering that sometimes the physicians order the screening without taking into account the economical and technical difficulties of the laboratory and the previous history of inpatients.
P03-213 - Temperament And Attachment In Patients With Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Harnic D. , Digiacomantonio V. , di Marzo S. , Sacripanti F. , Saioni R. , Mazza M. , Bruschi A. , Cardella A. , di Felice C. , Andreoli S. , Girardi P. , Tatarelli R. , Bria P. , Janiri L. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate different kinds of temperament and attachment in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients, divided in Cloninger typology 1 and 2, compared to an healthy group.Materials and procedureA group of 40 patients was recruited, in a 3 months period, from Alcohology Unit of “Villa Rosa” in Viterbo. This sample was selected by a clinical diagnosis of Alcohol Dependence and compared to a control group of 40 healthy subjects. Each participant was screened by: SCID-I for Axis I Diagnosis, SCID-II for Axis II Diagnosis, TEMPS-A for Temperament, ECR for Attachment Styles.ResultsStatistical analysis showed significative differences between the two groups (p< 0.05). The mean of the scores (t Student) and the Mann-Whitney U test results higher in the experimental group. Regarding the ECR, we found differences in the “avoidance” between Cloninger's typology 1 and 2. Control group: 92.5% of the subjects showed a “secure” attachment, 7.5% a “dismissing” attachment. Experimental group: 40% of the sample showed a “secure” attachment, 35% a “dismissing” attachment, 17.5% a “preoccupied” attachment and 7.5% a “fearful/avoidant” attachment.DiscussionOur sample showed that the “preoccupied” and the “dismissing” attachment styles were the most prevalent among alcoholists, while the “secure” style was typical of control subjects. Concerning the TEMPS-A we found high prevalence of the hyperthymic and cyclothymic temperaments.
P03-218 - Effects Of Specific Attentiveness Training In Young Schizophrenic Patients With Multiple Drug Abuse
Authors: Kunert H.J. , Loehrer F. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionRecent studies have conclusively proven the effectiveness of cognitive training in the context of psychiatric rehabilitation. Examinations on young schizophrenic drug users are yet to be done, although it could be shown that most of these patients are likely to relapse, abandon therapy and show untreated social adaptation disorders if existing cognitive functional deficits are not treated appropriately.MethodPre-post examinations were done on 35 schizophrenic drug users (mean age 26±8 years; 27/8 men) to assess various attentiveness functions (i.e. alertness, divided attentiveness, visual scanning) before and after computerised attentiveness training (CURE therapy system, Siemens (NCSys)). Patient results were compared to those of a control group matched for age, education, illness characteristics and current medication which did not undergo cognitive training. Cognitive training lasted 10 weeks. At the same time, patients were assessed using standardised scales to determine whether their performance improved after work therapy.ResultsComputerised attentiveness training led to significant (>30%) improvement in everyday attentiveness functions (tonic and phasic alertness, divided attentiveness) as did work therapy (precision, endurance), although some patient subgroups different in their course of therapy.DiscussionTraining specific attentiveness functions helps improve rehabilitation of young schizophrenic patients with multiple drug abuse. Subgroup effects may also be of clinical relevance.
P03-227 - The Bi-Conceptional Model Of Brain'S Ethanol Effect
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevich Pereverzev V. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionTo identify a general view of the effect of alcohol on brain's functions, we developed a model that identifies the effect of underlying biochemical products of ethanol and its metabolites on brain functions.AimTo provide a general model for explaining alcohol effect on brain functions.Materials and methodsPeer reviewed materials from Pubmed, Index Medicus, Elsevier from the year 1950 to April 2009 on the effect of ethanol at varying doses on the functions of the brain and liver were examined.Results and conclusionThe bi-conception model of brain's ethanol effect holds that the effects that results from the intake of alcohol even in moderate doses is the resultant effect of hypoglycemic condition (inhibition of glyconeogenesis by increase in NADH/NAD and Lactate/pyruvate ratio) as well as direct effect of ethanol to the brain. Disglycemic control results in many alcohol related effect - like hyperketosis, steatosis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis etc. Coagulopathy from liver dysfunction is also a major reason for the brain's ethanol effect. The resultant effect (dose-time-dependent effect) on brain functions might be ADHD, various psycho-dysfunctions etc. The extent of hypoglycemia predicts the capacity of neuronal functions.
P03-235 - Effects Of Acute And Chronic Nicotine Exposure On Plasma Nt 3 Levels
Authors: Michel T. , Kumari V. , Krüttgen A. , Weis J. , Nwaigwe A. , Schneider F. , Williams S. , Ettinger U. 
Published: June 2010

A growing body of evidence suggests that synaptic plasticity is involved in addictive behaviour and nicotine dependence (ND). Neurotrophic factors, such as neurotrophin 3 (NT3) play a key role in modulating neuronal plasticity. Therefore, an association between nicotine, smoking and neurotrophic factors has been suggested. However, the role of NT3 in ND has not been thoroughly investigated in humans so far.We investigated the influence of chronic (long-term smoking) and acute nicotine administration on the plasma level of NT3. We measured plasma NT3 levels at baseline and then 15 and 45 minutes after nicotine or placebo administration using an enzyme-linked-immunoabsorbent-assay (ELISA). Smokers showed higher NT3 level than non-smokers at baseline. Interestingly, 15 minutes after acute nicotine injection, plasma level of NT3 in both smokers and non-smokers decreased significantly and went back to baseline levels after 30 minutes. We found that plasma nicotine and NT3 levels were positively correlated in smokers at baseline.There is a direct interaction of nicotine with NT3, which is different in acute and chronic exposure. Interestingly, the concentration of NT3 is correlated and up-regulated in smokers. We propose that neuroplasticity, which plays a role in addictive behaviour such as smoking or nicotine dependence (ND) might be mediated by these interactions of nicotine and NT3. We speculate that these might even play a part in the so called “self-medicating” with cigarettes that is often seen in patients with certain mental disorders.
P03-238 - The use of cozart-test. A pilot study
Authors: Moretti F. , Atti A.R. , Cimino L. , Pioda G.B. , Mazzotti M. , Pieghetti D. , Silvestro R. , Giarratana R. , Arminio N. , De Ronchi D. , Petio C. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesCozart-test is a non-invasive instrument detecting recent use/abuse of drugs in oral fluid, largely employed in many environments including law enforcement. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of drug-use and its correlates in car-drivers in a wealthy area in Northern Italy.MethodsThe study-population consists of 67 subjects recruited by policemen in Bologna and surroundings. An alcohol-test was administered to all the drivers. The Cozart-test was administered only to a persons with a positive result to the alcohol-test. A semi-structured interview was also administered together with a brief clinical assessment.ResultsDrug-users were more frequently men (86,6%) of Italian origin (97%) and were often stopped nearby discos. A positive history of substance abuse was prevalent especially among subjects between 26 and 30 years of age (8,3%). Alcohol and Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) were the type of substances most commonly declared.Cozart-test resulted positive in one out of three participants. The Cozart-test largely confirmed the use of cocaine (17,6%) and two or more substance simultaneously (41,2%).ConclusionsAccording to the most recent literature, our findings suggest that cocaine and THC are the substances more frequently used within recreational setting, confirming the poor perception of risk by young people, looking mainly for the disinhibiting and entactogen effects of these psychoactive drugs.
P03-241 - Factor Anaylsis Of Causes Of Relapse In Patients Of Opiod Addiction
Authors: Mukhtar M. , Khan M. , Gull M. , Sana N. , Chaudhry H. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionRelapse in patients of opiod addiction is very common. Dynamics of addiction relapse are not fully understood as yet. Psychiatrists would explain it on basis neurotransmitter mediated disorders like anxiety, depression, OCD, lack of impulse control and etc. For sociologist relapse is an outcome of contradictions with in society. For a psychologist it is due to maladaptive life style. In this study integrated approach has been adopted to find out relative importance of different factors implicated in relapse.MethodTeam of psychiatrists, psychologists, addiction counselor identified different causes of relapse in patients with opiod addiction. They designed graded scale in which 10 factors were included. Study group was comprised of hundred relapsed patients. They filled Performa’s according to their personal experiences. Regression method was used for factor analysis.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed that peer group pressure, anhedonia, and premature ejaculation are first, second and third, factors respectively. Factors like pains and aches, insomnia, impulsivity and etc followed.DiscussionEvery relapse prevention program should adopt policy keeping in view relative importance of causes of relapse. For peer pressure narcotic anonymous meeting is the best solution. Anhedonia is due to reduction dopaminergic input at nucleus accumben. Dopamine agonist drugs like bupropion can be used for that. Inordinate sexual behavior and substance abuse are strongly associated. Premature ejaculation plays vital role in relapse of patients of opiod addiction. Sex therapy and drugs like SSRI,s and gabapentine can improve intra vaginal latency time.ConclusionFactor analysis can be helpful in relapse prevention program.
P03-245 - Can Personality Characters Predict Tendency To Addiction?
Authors: Nikpour G.A. , Homayouni A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe aim of this research is to test this question that are there specific personality characters that lead to addiction?MethodMethod research is causative-comparative (Ex post facto). 153 addicted people and 153 nonaddicted people were randomly selected and MoKioly's Characterlogy Inventory (MCI) was administered on them. The inventory assess personality based on eight characters: sanguine, indifferent, nervous, indolent, indignant, passionate, sentimentee, amorphous.ResultsFindings showed addicted people are much more indifferent, sanguine and passionate than nonaddicted people.ConclusionIn regard to people with these characters are much more at risk, they should be trained with special plans and be cared so that tendency to addiction in them decrease or control.
P03-246 - Assessment Of Detoxification Programmes For Alcoholics With The Ocds Questionnaire
Authors: Ntantouti G. , Kostaras T. , Tselebis A. , Poulis E. , Houtos I. , Papadopoulou V. , Bratis D. , Moussas G. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe OCDS used for the assessment of obsessive and compulsive symptoms associated with alcohol intake and relapse may contribute significantly to the assessment of detoxification programmes.Aim of paperThe assessment of patients after therapy, using OCDS.Subjects - methodThe OCDS was administered to 121 patients (94 males and 27 females) at the onset of treatment and upon its completion two months later. All patients were taking medication with naltrexone. Gender, age, education, years of alcohol use and abuse, alcoholism type (91 type I and 30 type II) were recorded.ResultsThe averages years were: age 43,1±7,9, education 11,1±3,3, alcohol use 21,2±8,9, abuse 9,9±7,1. The average of the initial measurement was 27,2±8,2 significantly higher (paired t-test p< 0.001) than the second, the average of which was 5,3±7,6. 95% showed improvement with average improvement rate 21,9 ± 9,9. No correlation with age, alcohol use and abuse or alcoholism type (Pearson correlation p> 0.05) was observed, but lower improvement rate among females is indicated (18,7±10,9 VS 22.9±9.5 t-test p=0.05). Negative correlation between education and alcohol use and abuse (Pearson correlation p< 0.05), and positive correlation between the first and the second measurement were observed (Pearson correlation p>0.05).ConclusionAlthough therapy seems effective in reducing symptoms, further studies must prove that positive results persist over time. The OCDS seems useful for assessing treatment and has follow-up reliability. The small number of females in the sample renders it unsafe to make any generalisations regarding gender related results in this study.
P03-249 - A Unified Model: The Fishbone-B Pancreatic Cell Convergence Model Of Blood-Brain Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevic Pereverzev V. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe brain utilizing mechanisms of glucose for neuronal functions are still poorly understood. To identify a unified model of blood-brain glucose metabolism, we developed a model that incorporates the pancreatic β-cell and the fishbone models of glucose metabolism and called it the CoBBGluM Model (or the Convergence model of Blood-Brain Glucose Metabolism) and examined the role of addictive substances (alcohol, cocaine etc) on the functions of the model.MethodsThe databases of Pubmed, Elsevier were searched for peer reviewed literatures (from 1950-2009yy) on the mechanisms and models of blood-brain glucose metabolism.Results and conclusionThe major concept of the unified model is based on the fact that the major regulators (leptin and insulin) of blood-brain glucose metabolism work synergistically, rather than individually. Addictive substances adversely affect the blood-brain glucose transport system by their stimulating and toxic action on the control mechanisms of leptin and insulin. The metabolic byproducts of addictive substances might acquire electron-transmitter properties across mitochondrial membranes. All these processes subsequently lead to total equilibrium disorder of the CoBBGluM Model, and is the etiopathogenetic basis of most addiction-associated neurodegenerative disorders. Adequate therapies for addiction might lie on the full understanding of the CoBBGluM Model, since it serves a classical tool for explaining the role of addictive substances in the nervous system.