bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of foliar feeding on yield quality and the content of selected nutritive value components of three melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars
Authors: Zaniewicz-Bajkowska Anna , Franczuk Jolanta , Kosterna Edyta , Rosa Robert , Panasz Marzena 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of foliar feeding with Florovit and Ekolist-Warzywa + urea liquid fertilisers on yield quality and the content of selected nutritive value components of three medium-fruit melon cultivars (‘Charentais F1’, ‘Melba’, and ‘Fiesta’). A higher total yield was harvested from plants foliar-fed with Florovit and Ekolist-Warzywa + urea compared with the control without foliar feeding. The ‘Fiesta’ cultivar was characterised by the highest total yield. The type of foliar feeding significantly affected the total number of fruit per square metre. More fruit per metre squared was produced by Florovit-fed plants in comparison to Ekolist-Warzywa + urea. ‘Charentais F1’ produced the greatest number of fruit. ‘Fiesta’ had the highest proportion of marketable fruit. The factors investigated did not have any influence on the percentage of disease-affected and unripe fruit. The greatest amount of dry matter and ascorbic acid were determined in the fruit harvested from the control and plants foliar-fed with Ekolist-Warzywa + urea, respectively. The highest levels of both components were assayed in ‘Fiesta’. Regardless of the type of foliar feeding, ‘Fiesta’ and ‘Charentais F1’ produced the highest quantity of total sugars and monosaccharaides as compared with ‘Melba’.
Effects of different pH sprays on the efficiency of prohexadione-Ca in sweet cherry trees
Authors: Jacyna Tadeusz , Wójcik Wiesław , Lipa Tomasz 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In 2003 and 2004, young ‘Kordia’ sweet cherry trees were sprayed with prohexadione-Ca (Pro-Ca) to control tree growth and stimulate flower bud setting. A rate of 200 mg Pro-Ca l-1 × 2 dissolved in various pH-buffered (6.0-4.5) aqueous solutions was used. Regardless of the acidity of the spray solution applied, the trees treated with Pro-Ca were characterised by reduced shoot and internode length, greater number of shoots (2003) and increased total shoot extension (2004) relative to the control. In both years, Pro-Ca applied in a pH-4.5 buffer solution contributed to an increase of flower bud clusters on current-season shoots. However, there were no significant differences among Pro-Ca/pH treatments either in the vegetative or generative characteristics studied. Two years after Pro-Ca application, no residual effects were found in the studied tree characteristics.
Sowing date as a factor determining French bean yield for processing
Authors: Łabuda Helena , Brodaczewska Anna 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Field studies were conducted in the years 2003-2005 in the Experimental Farm of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Beans from four cultivars - ‘Paulista’ and ‘Hit’ (green pods) and ‘Korona’ and ‘Galopka’ (yellow pods) - were grown on fawn soil, formed of loess deposits, on chalky marls, containing 1.4% organic substances on average. There were six sowing terms, every 6-7 days starting from the middle of May to the end of June. French bean harvest was performed once, when about 75% of the pods on the plants were in the phase of technological maturity, which fell between the third ten days of July and the first ten days of September. From the plot and plant the number and yield of the pods were determined: total, marketable and non-marketable small pods, unshapely and overripe pods, as well as those with symptoms of disease. The highest total and marketable pod yields - on average, 15.45 and 11.06 t ha-1, respectively - were obtained from plants sown in the first ten days of June, whereas the lowest - 12.54 and 9.54 t ha-1 - were from those sown in the middle of May. As a result of performing a one-time French bean pod harvest, the share of non-marketable pod yield in the total yield was on a similar level (24-28%), depending on the growing term. Variability was demonstrated in the share of particular non-marketable yield fractions (small pods, undersized, unshapely, and overripe pods, as well as those with disease symptoms), depending on the sowing date. Growing four French bean cultivars from sowing in the period from the middle of May to the end of June allowed us to extend the period of fresh pod harvest to six or seven weeks.
Development of microsatellite markers in Fosterella rusbyi (Bromeliaceae) using 454 pyrosequencing
Authors: Wöhrmann Tina , Wagner Natascha , Krapp Florian , Huettel Bruno , Weising Kurt 
Published: March 2012

• Premise of the study: Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Fosterella rusbyi (Bromeliaceae) to evaluate the population genetic structure and genetic diversity of natural populations of F. rusbyi and other Fosterella species in Bolivia.• Methods and Results: 454 pyrosequencing technology was used to generate 73027 sequence reads from F. rusbyi DNA, which together contained 2796 perfect simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Primer pairs were designed for 30 loci, of which 15 were used to genotype 30 F. rusbyi plants from two geographical areas in Bolivia. All markers were polymorphic, with two to nine alleles in the overall sample. Cross‐species amplification was tested in 10 additional Fosterella species. Seven loci showed consistent amplification in six or more species.• Conclusions: The 15 SSR markers developed for F. rusbyi are promising candidates for population genetic analyses within F. rusbyi and other species of Fosterella.
Truncated and Full-Length Thioredoxin-1 Have Opposing Activating and Inhibitory Properties for Human Complement with Relevance to Endothelial Surfaces
Authors: King Ben C. , Nowakowska Justyna , Karsten Christian M. , Köhl Jörg , Renström Erik , Blom Anna M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx)-1 is a small, ubiquitously expressed redox-active protein with known important cytosolic functions. However, Trx1 is also upregulated in response to various stress stimuli, is found both at the cell surface and secreted into plasma, and has known anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. Previous animal studies have demonstrated that exogenous Trx1 delivery can have therapeutic effects in a number of disease models and have implicated an interaction of Trx1 with the complement system. We found that Trx1 is expressed in a redox-active form at the surface of HUVEC and acts as an inhibitor of complement deposition in a manner dependent on its Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys active site. Inhibition occurred at the point of the C5 convertase of complement, regulating production of C5a and the membrane attack complex. A truncated form of Trx1 also exists in vivo, Trx80, which has separate nonoverlapping functions compared with the full-length Trx1. We found that Trx80 activates the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation, leading to C5a production, but the inflammatory potential of this was also limited by the binding of inhibitors C4b-binding protein and factor H. This study adds a further role to the known anti-inflammatory properties of Trx1 and highlights the difference in function between the full-length and truncated forms.
CD8+ T Cells Sabotage Their Own Memory Potential through IFN-γ–Dependent Modification of the IL-12/IL-15 Receptor α Axis on Dendritic Cells
Authors: Kohlhapp Frederick J. , Zloza Andrew , O’Sullivan Jeremy A. , Moore Tamson V. , Lacek Andrew T. , Jagoda Michael C. , McCracken James , Cole David J. , Guevara-Patiño José A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
CD8+ T cell responses have been shown to be regulated by dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ T cells, leading to the tenet that CD8+ T cells play a passive role in their own differentiation. In contrast, by using a DNA vaccination model, to separate the events of vaccination from those of CD8+ T cell priming, we demonstrate that CD8+ T cells, themselves, actively limit their own memory potential through CD8+ T cell-derived IFN-γ–dependent modification of the IL-12/IL-15Rα axis on DCs. Such CD8+ T cell-driven cytokine alterations result in increased T-bet and decreased Bcl-2 expression, and thus decreased memory progenitor formation. These results identify an unrecognized role for CD8+ T cells in the regulation of their own effector differentiation fate and a previously uncharacterized relationship between the balance of inflammation and memory formation.
Morphine and Galectin-1 Modulate HIV-1 Infection of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Reynolds Jessica L. , Law Wing Cheung , Mahajan Supriya D. , Aalinkeel Ravikumar , Nair Bindukumar , Sykes Donald E. , Mammen Manoj J. , Yong Ken-Tye , Hui Rui , Prasad Paras N. , Schwartz Stanley A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Morphine is a widely abused, addictive drug that modulates immune function. Macrophages are a primary reservoir of HIV-1; therefore, they play a role in the development of this disease, as well as impact the overall course of disease progression. Galectin-1 is a member of a family of β-galactoside–binding lectins that are soluble adhesion molecules and that mediate direct cell–pathogen interactions during HIV-1 viral adhesion. Because the drug abuse epidemic and the HIV-1 epidemic are closely interrelated, we propose that increased expression of galectin-1 induced by morphine may modulate HIV-1 infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In this article, we show that galectin-1 gene and protein expression are potentiated by incubation with morphine. Confirming previous studies, morphine alone or galectin-1 alone enhance HIV-1 infection of MDMs. Concomitant incubation with exogenous galectin-1 and morphine potentiated HIV-1 infection of MDMs. We used a nanotechnology approach that uses gold nanorod–galectin-1 small interfering RNA complexes (nanoplexes) to inhibit gene expression for galectin-1. We found that nanoplexes silenced gene expression for galectin-1, and they reversed the effects of morphine on galectin-1 expression. Furthermore, the effects of morphine on HIV-1 infection were reduced in the presence of the nanoplex.
Effect of SiC‐Reinforcement and Equal‐Channel Angular Pressing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA2017
Authors: Wagner Swetlana , Siebeck Steve , Hockauf Matthias , Nestler Daisy , Podlesak Harry , Wielage Bernhard , Wagner Martin F.‐X. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article deals with powder metallurgical production and modification of properties of a composite material based on an age‐hardenable Al–Cu alloy. The main objective is to improve the mechanical properties by particle reinforcement and equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP). Our approach makes use of four hardening mechanisms: precipitation hardening, particle reinforcement, strain‐hardening, and grain boundary hardening associated with an ultrafine‐grained microstructure produced by ECAP. The main processing steps are high‐energy ball milling, hot‐isostatic pressing, extrusion, heat treatment, and a single ECAP pass. Microstructures are analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties are characterized by hardness measurements and quasi‐static tensile testing. Our experimental results show that the proposed processing route results in a nearly homogeneous distribution of SiC particles in the matrix. The combination of particle reinforcement and ECAP leads to an improvement of ultimate tensile strength by almost 300 MPa compared to the unreinforced alloy. A subsequent heat treatment leads to a further increase in hardness and strength that can be related to changes in the defect structure. Our study provides detailed information on how processing steps, microstructures, and mechanical behavior are interrelated in this technologically relevant class of materials.
Implementing the new oral anticoagulants into the hospital formulary
Authors: Palladino Michael , Thomson Lynda , Swift, Brian , Merli Geno J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe new oral anticoagulants may prove to be one of most significant innovations in clinical practice in the past 60 years. Apixaban and rivaroxaban are direct inhibitors of Factor Xa, while dabigatran inhibits Factor IIa. The predictable pharmacological profile of these new agents allows physicians to prescribe these drugs without the need for routine coagulation monitoring, which is the mainstay of warfarin therapy. In addition, these new agents have not been shown to have any food interactions and minimal drug–drug interactions, interactions are limited to the p‐glycoprotein (p‐Gp) transporter or cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system, each drug is unique in its drug interaction profile, as will be discussed below. These unique pharmacokinetics profiles may usher in for clinicians a new era of managing thromboembolic disorders. In this article, the pharmacology of these new oral anticoagulants will be reviewed along with the major clinical trials evaluating the use of these agents for thromboembolic prophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplastic surgery, the treatment of venous thromboembolic disorders and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modernization and cardiometabolic risk in Samoan adolescents
Authors: Hawley Nicola L. , Wier Lauren M. , Cash Haley L. , Viali Satupaitea , Tuitele John , McGarvey Stephen T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:To describe the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering in Samoan adolescents and to relate risk factor clustering to weight status and general modernization.Methods:Anthropometric and biochemical data collected from adolescents aged 12–17.9 years who participated in the Samoan Family Study of Overweight and Diabetes were used to describe the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (high waist circumference, high blood pressure, high triglyceride level, low–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting serum glucose). A total of 436 adolescents were included in this analysis; 237 (54.4%) from American Samoa (n = 123 males) and 199 (45.6%) from Samoa (n = 90 males). Risk factor clustering was indicated by the presence of ≥3 risk factors.Results:Cardiometabolic risk factor clustering was greater in American Samoan adolescents (17.9% males, 21.9% females) than Samoan adolescents (1.1% males, 2.8% females). The frequency of risk factor clustering varied according to body mass index status. In males, risk factor clustering was entirely confined to obese adolescents, whereas female adolescents who were overweight or obese were at risk.Conclusions:Cardiometabolic risk factor clustering is prevalent in the young American Samoan population and is likely to become more prevalent with increasing modernization in Samoan youth. Screening and intervention should be targeted at this age group to reduce the non‐communicable disease burden faced by these populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for a genetic overlap between body dysmorphic concerns and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in an adult female community twin sample
Authors: Monzani Benedetta , Rijsdijk Fruhling , Iervolino Alessandra C. , Anson Martin , Cherkas Lynn , Mataix‐Cols David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is thought to be etiologically related to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) but the available evidence is incomplete. The current study examined the genetic and environmental sources of covariance between body dysmorphic and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in a community sample of adult twins. A total of 2,148 female twins (1,074 pairs) completed valid and reliable measures of body dysmorphic concerns and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. The data were analyzed using bivariate twin modeling methods and the statistical programme Mx. In the best‐fitting model, the covariation between body dysmorphic and obsessive–compulsive traits was largely accounted for by genetic influences common to both phenotypes (64%; 95% CI: 0.50–0.80). This genetic overlap was even higher when specific obsessive–compulsive symptom dimensions were considered, with up to 82% of the phenotypic correlation between the obsessing and symmetry/ordering symptom dimensions and dysmorphic concerns being attributable to common genetic factors. Unique environmental factors, although influencing these traits individually, did not substantially contribute to their covariation. The results remained unchanged when excluding individuals reporting an objective medical condition/injury accounting for their concern in physical appearance. The association between body dysmorphic concerns and obsessive–compulsive symptoms is largely explained by shared genetic factors. Environmental risk factors were largely unique to each phenotype. These results support current recommendations to group BDD together with OCD in the same DSM‐5 chapter, although comparison with other phenotypes such as somatoform disorders and social phobia is needed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors affecting time required to reach maintenance dose during subcutaneous immunotherapy
Authors: Jourdy Deya N. , Reisacher William R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) demands a significant time commitment on the part of the patient, especially during the escalation period when weekly visits are required. Many patients refuse or discontinue treatment in spite of the demonstrated clinical efficacy of SCIT. Understanding the factors that affect the length of the escalation phase would allow for counseling of patients, which may improve patient compliance. The aims of this study were to determine the mean time required to reach maintenance dose during conventional protocol SCIT and to identify factors that significantly affect the time required to reach maintenance dose.Methods:We conducted a retrospective chart review of 55 patients (total of 79 treatment vials) who began SCIT between January 2007 and December 2010 and reached maintenance dose. The effect of demographic data, medical and social history, and SCIT allergen data on the time required to reach maintenance dose were examined using bivariate and multivariate analyses.Results:The mean time to maintenance dose for the 79 treatment vials was 240.2 days (range, 76–720 days). Males (mean 294.7 days) took significantly longer than females (mean 205.1 days) to reach maintenance dose (p = 0.007). Asthmatics (mean 285.5 days) took significantly longer than nonasthmatics (mean 218.0 days) to reach maintenance dose (p = 0.008). Age also significantly affected the length of the escalation phase; each additional year of age was associated with an increase in 3.9 days needed to reach maintenance dose (p = 0.002).Conclusion:Gender, asthma, and age significantly impact the time required to reach maintenance dose during SCIT. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Efficacy of NVC‐422 against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in a sheep biofilm model of sinusitis
Authors: Singhal, PhD Deepti , Jekle, PhD Andreas , Debabov, PhD Dmitri , Wang, PhD Lu , Khosrovi, PhD Bez , Anderson, PhD Mark , Foreman, PhD Andrew , Wormald, MD Peter‐John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:Bacterial biofilms are a major obstacle in management of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. NVC‐422 is a potent, fast‐acting, broad‐spectrum, nonantibiotic, antimicrobial with a new mechanism of action effective against biofilm bacteria in in vitro conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of NVC‐422 as local antibiofilm treatment in a sheep model of rhinosinusitis.Methods:After accessing and occluding frontal sinus ostia in 24 merino sheep via staged endoscopic procedures, S. aureus clinical isolate was instilled in frontal sinuses. Following biofilm formation, ostial obstruction was removed and sinuses irrigated with 0.1% and 0.5% NVC‐422 in 5 mM acetate isotonic saline at pH 4.0. Sheep were monitored for adverse effects and euthanized 24 hours after treatment. Frontal sinuses were assessed for infection and changes in mucosa after the treatment. S. aureus biofilms were identified with Baclight‐confocal scanning microscopy protocol and the biofilm biomass assayed by applying the COMSTAT2 program to recorded image stacks.Results:After 2 irrigations with 0.1% NVC‐422, S. aureus biofilm biomass was reduced when compared to control sinuses (p = 0.0001), though this effect was variable in samples. NVC‐422 0.5% solution irrigations reduced biofilm even more significantly and consistently over all samples (p < 0.0001). NVC‐422 0.5% was also more effective than 0.1% NVC‐422, vehicle control, and normal saline sinus irrigations in reducing biofilm biomass (p < 0.05 for all subgroups). No adverse events were observed in sheep after sinus irrigations with 0.1% and 0.5% NVC‐422 solutions. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLCConclusion:NVC‐422 is an effective topical agent against S. aureus biofilms, with dose‐dependent efficacy in this animal model of biofilm‐associated sinusitis.
Analysis of the contribution of the microfibrils and matrix to the deformation processes in wool fibers
Authors: Tsobkallo Katherina , Aksakal Baki , Darvish Diana 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this study, the mechanical and structural characteristics of wool fibers were examined, and the contributions of the microfibrils and matrix to the deformation processes were analyzed. The experiments were carried out on single wool fibers. To understand the structural changes at different deformation levels, the wool fibers were treated with a complex mechanical regime. One of the most significant results from the mechanical tests was the estimation of the modulus of the matrix, which changed from 0.07 to 1.6 GPa during stretching. This result proves the proposal of the netlike structure of the matrix. On the basis of the obtained experimental data and the structural model, where the microfibrils and matrix play the role of a reinforcing phase and a filler, respectively, the rigidity of the microfibrils in the initial unstretched state was determined to be equal to about 20 GPa. The experimental data obtained from the Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy method proved the α–β conformational transition both in the yield and postyield regions and revealed the presence of the stable β form, which was not sensitive to stretching. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Solid‐state NMR to evaluate the molecular changes in the mango starch after 8 years of storage
Authors: Bathista André Luis Bonfim Silva , Silva Emerson Oliveira da , Tavares Maria Inês Bruno , Prado Rogério Junqueira 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMango seed starch was mainly investigated by 1D solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to evaluate the changes in the chemical structure and molecular dynamic, as a response of time storage. X‐ray diffraction was used to accompany changes in the morphology after time storage. Thus, the basic work was to understand the changes of mango seed starch, after 8 years storage at room conditions. The solid‐state NMR and X‐ray diffraction results showed that no changes in both chemical structure and molecular dynamic as well as morphology was found after 8 years of being storage at room conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012