bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenteric Ischemia after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Petrov Asen , Taghizadeh-Waghefi Ali , Hotz Fabio , Georgi Christian , Matschke Klaus Ehrhard , Busch Albert , Wilbring Manuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Mesenteric ischemia (Me-Is) after cardiac surgery is underreported in present literature but has still earned the bad reputation of a dismal prognosis. This study adds clinical outcomes in a large patient cohort.
Methods Between 2009 and 2019 of the 22,590 patients undergoing cardiac surgery at our facility 106 (0.47%) developed Me-Is postoperatively. Retrospective patient data was analyzed. Additionally, patients were stratified by outcome—survivors and nonsurvivors.
Results Patients were predominantly male (n = 68, 64.2%), mean age was 71.2 ± 9.3 years. Most procedures were elective (n = 85, 80.2%) and comprised of more complex combined procedures (50.9%) and redos (17.9%). Mean EuroSCORE II averaged 10.9 ± 12.2%. Survival at 30 days was 49.1% (n = 52). Clinical baseline and procedural characteristics did not differ significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors. The median postoperative interval until symptom onset was 5 days in both groups. Survivors were more frequently diagnosed by computed tomography and nonsurvivors based on clinical symptoms. Me-Is was predominantly nonocclusive (n = 84, 79.2%). Laparotomy was the main treatment in both groups (n = 45, 78.8% vs. n = 48, 88.9%, p = 0.94). Predictors of mortality were maximum norepinephrine doses (hazard ratio [HR] 8.29, confidence interval [CI] 3.39–20.26, p < 0.0001), lactate levels (HR 1.06, CI 1.03–1.09), and usage of inotropes (HR 2.46, CI 1.41–4.30).
Conclusion The prognosis of Me-Is following cardiac surgery is poor—independently from diagnostic or treatment patterns. There exists a significant asymptomatic time period postoperatively, in which pathophysiologic processes seem to cross the Rubicon. After clinical demarcation, the further course can almost no longer be influenced.
The Incidence of Winged Scapula after Thoracic Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Teixeira Luiz Felipe Nevola , Sandrin Fabio , da Silva Ruy Fernando Kuenzer Caetano , Petrella Francesco , Bertolaccini Luca , Simoncini Maria Claudia , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and surgery is still the first treatment of choice in early and locally advanced cases. One of the iatrogenic complications is the serratus anterior palsy, which could lead to a winged scapula (WS). Unfortunately, the incidence of this deficit in thoracic surgery is unclear. Our primary aim was to determine the incidence of WS in lung cancer patients in a single-center experience.
Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data with patients eligible for oncological thoracic surgery from March 2013 until January 2014. A physical evaluation of the WS was performed pre- and postoperatively, at the discharge and after 1 year of follow-up.
Results A total of 485 patients were evaluated; 135 (27.8%) showed WS. Longer operative time (p < 0.0001), type of surgery (p < 0.0001), lymphadenectomy (p < 0.0001), and neoadjuvant treatment prior surgery (p = 0.0005) were significantly related to the WS injury. Multivariable analysis showed that type of surgery was significantly associated with WS (p < 0.0001). After 1 year, 41.6% still had WS.
Conclusion The incidence of WS was similar to the literature. As WS incidence is underdiagnosed, assessment and correct education about possible deficits or impairments should be improved. Moreover, when a minimally invasive approach is not planned, it is a good clinical practice to discuss surgical strategies with surgeons to reduce this deficit.
Addressing Colorectal Cancer Disparities in Unhoused Populations: A Call for Equitable Access and Compassionate Care
Authors: Decker Hannah , Erickson Caroline , Wick Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHousing is essential for health. Unhoused individuals have markedly worse health status than the general population culminating in higher rates of premature mortality. Cancer is a leading cause of death in older unhoused adults. Caring for unhoused patients at risk for or with colorectal cancer poses challenges at every stage of oncologic care: prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. These challenges result in later stages at diagnosis and worse overall survival. Health systems can work to advance health equity in colorectal cancer in unhoused patients by improving access to care, transitions of care, health care quality, and focusing on socioeconomic/environmental impact.
Essentials of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Coding and Billing at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Setting in the United States
Authors: Chan Belinda , Mnyavanu Natalie , Bhombal Shazia , Fraga María V. , Groves Alan M. , Marshall Stephanie , Mukthapuram Shanmukha , Singh Yogen ,   on behalf of the members of National Neonatal POCUS Collaborative
Published: May 2024

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has increasingly been used by neonatal providers in neonatal intensive care units in the United States. However, there is a lack of literature addressing the complexities of POCUS coding and billing practices in the United States. This article describes the coding terminology and billing process especially those relevant to neonatal POCUS. We elucidate considerations for neonatal POCUS billing framework and workflow integration. Directions on image storage and supporting documentation to facilitate efficient reimbursement, compliance with billing regulations, and appeal to insurance claim denial are discussed.
Key Points
The Impact on Birth Outcomes of Sonographic Fetal Weight Estimation in Neonatal Macrosomia
Authors: Sgayer Inshirah , Nskovica Karina , Murkhovskyi Iuliia , Shqara Raneen Abu , Bilyk Artyom , Lowenstein Lior , Wolf Maya Frank 
Published: May 2024

Objective Our objective was to examine the association between sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women with neonatal macrosomia.
Study Design This study, conducted at a tertiary university-affiliated hospital from 2017 to 2021, compared obstetrical and neonatal outcomes between two groups of women who delivered macrosomic newborns (actual birth weight ≥ 4,000 g): (1) those with EFW ≥ 3,800 g (suspected impending macrosomia) and (2) those with EFW < 3,800 g (unsuspected impending macrosomia).
Results During the study period, 854 women with neonatal macrosomia attempted vaginal delivery. Only 9.2% had a sonographic EFW ≥ 4,000 g. Among women with EFW ≥3,800 g (n = 317) compared with EFW < 3,800 g (n = 537), the cesarean delivery (CD) rate was higher (17.0 vs. 10.5%, p = 0.004) and the operative delivery rate was lower (3.2 vs. 0.6%, p = 0.015). Among primiparous women, the CD rate was higher among those with EFW ≥ 3,800 versus <3,800 g (37.3 vs. 23.2%, p = 0.033). EFW ≥3,800 g was associated with CD, regardless of predelivery body mass index, parity, diabetes mellitus, maximal fetal weight at previous deliveries, actual birth weight, and labor induction (p = 0.014). EFW ≥3,800 g and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of CD. Among women with EFW ≥3,800 g and diabetes mellitus, the risk of CD was double that of those without diabetes and with EFW ≥ 3,800 g (31.4% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.02), although their actual birth weights were similar. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were similar between those with sonographic EFW ≥3,800 and < 3,800 g.
Conclusion Larger EFW increased CD risk among pregnancies with actual neonatal macrosomia. Antenatally suspected macrosomia might alter labor management due to concerns for potential complications, especially when associated with primiparity, diabetes mellitus, or maternal obesity. The increase in the CD rate did not show an association with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Key Points
Effects of a blend of acidifiers added continuously to the drinking water of nursery piglets
Authors: Zecchin Huillian , Tillmann Aline Carolina , Ladwig Bruna Camila , Bury de Azevedo Liliana , Careli Pedro Silva , Toledo Damares de Castro Fidelis , Vilela Hellen Lazarino Oliveira , Carvalho Silvana Teixeira , Costa Leandro Batista , Carvalho Daiane , Genova Jansller Luiz , Carvalho Paulo Levi de Oliveira 
Published: May 2024

Context Adding organic and inorganic acids to the drinking water is a potential alternative to improve production results in nursery piglets, and a strategy for reducing the use of antimicrobials. Aims To assess the effects of adding a blend of organic and inorganic acids to drinking water on the oxireduction potential (ORP) of water, and growth performance, biochemical, antioxidant and blood gas profiles, intestinal morphometry, biometry of organs, and intestinal microbiome of nursery piglets. Methods Experiment involved 1080 female piglets assessed over 30 days (Landrace × Large White, weaned at 26 days of age, weighing 6.8 ± 0.29 kg), randomly assigned to the following three treatments: (1) piglets received drinking water of natural pH of 7.39 (pH7.39), (2) piglets received drinking water of pH of 5.31 (pH5.31), and (3) piglets received drinking water of pH of 3.40 (pH3.40), with eight replicates and 45 piglets/stall. Piglets had ad libitum access to diet and water throughout the experiment, and received different diets in each phase. Key results Receiving drinking water of pH3.40 promoted a higher ORP, and a lower total water consumption was observed in Starter II piglets with pH5.31. There was no treatment effect on the performance, but mortality was lower in starter piglets in the pH3.40 treatment. Animals in the pH3.40 treatment had lower blood alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, differing from the result obtained for total cholesterol concentrations. Animals in the pH3.40 treatment showed a lower concentration of total protein than did piglets in the pH7.39 treatment. Piglets in the pH3.40 treatment had higher weights of empty stomach, spleen, and liver with gallbladder than did those in the pH7.39 treatment. Animals in the pH3.40 treatment showed a lower relative abundance of the Escherichia–Shigella genus and bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family than did those in the pH5.31 treatment. Conclusions Acidification of drinking water to pH3.40 for nursery piglets can be used to partially increase the ORP of the water, and promote a greater weight of organs with metabolic and immune functions, while decreasing mortality. In addition, acidification of drinking water does not compromise performance or intestinal histology, but improves the profile of the intestinal microbiome in piglets. Implications This research has provided new information on the effects of acidifiers in the drinking water for nursery piglets and has shown their potential use for bolstering general health.
(Un)packaging the “sweetness” in the naming of farms by resettled Black sugarcane farmers in Chiredzi,
Zimbabwe
Authors: Wasosa Wellington , Mazuruse Mickson 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter makes a socio-onomastic analysis of farm naming by resettled “Black” sugarcane farmers in Chiredzi
District, Zimbabwe. It focuses on the beneficiaries of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme initiated by the government from 2000.
The research unravels the motives behind the selection of the names and their significance. This was achieved mostly through
interviewing the owners responsible for naming their farms. It was observed that most of the names are in the Shona language and
only a few in English, which points not only to the ethnicity of the beneficiaries but also to the change of ownership from
“Whites” to “Blacks”. These names are largely celebratory, as they reflect on the elevation of the farmers’ socio- economic status
and their hopes and aspirations, whilst some names indicate racial tensions characteristic of the period, the political rhetoric
of the regime and the ruling party, as well as the spirituality and identity of the farmers.
The toponym Bulawayo and ideologies of Ndebele language purism in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ndlovu Sambulo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Linguistic and cultural anxieties have characterized the Ndebele language and culture due to the various hegemonies the people have gone through. The Ndebele as a nation were born out of the Mfecane migrations. In their migration up north they encountered various linguo-cultural groups that posed the risk of possible linguistic and cultural attrition. Upon settling in what is known as Zimbabwe today, the speakers of Ndebele were a minority among other language groups which they had conquered militarily. Both colonial conquest and the subsequent Shona triumphalist and nationalist discourses and policies placed Ndebele in a disadvantaged social and political position which threatened its existence. This paper establishes that all these factors fed into the Ndebele linguistic anxiety, which is manifested in various tense encounters, especially on social media platforms. Data for the study were collected through observations and unstructured interviews. Using the prisms of linguistic purism ideologies and linguistic analysis, the paper analyzes the attitudes towards and the grammar of the various renditions of the toponym. The paper establishes that, while political tensions foment the linguistic tensions around the phonology and morphology of the toponym, there are some idiosyncrasies that are influenced by the mother tongues of speakers and this creates some of the transphonological and morphological changes that infuriate Ndebele speakers.
The brand names of craft gins in South Africa*
Authors: Neethling† Bertie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gin has become a very popular alcoholic drink, and is often used with various other mixers, often including fruit.
The definition (
Collins Paperback English Dictionary
) reads as
follows: “an alcoholic drink distilled from malted grain and flavoured juniper berries” (1994: 351). One of the most common drinks
is gin mixed with tonic water, but there are also others mixers involved. Recently, in 2020, a competition was held in South
Africa, with a panel of assessors tasting a wide variety of gins, and many who supplied their gin products with the brand names
thereof achieved gold and silver medals for their entries of mainly craft gins. The purpose of this contribution is to analyze the
various craft gin names in South Africa, as well as the names of the producing firms, distilleries, and estates. Within the
context of onomastics, the focus is therefore on the actual name of the brand as it appears on the label, as well as on the
location where it was produced, hence it is a combination of brand and location.
Mobile philosophies
Authors: Chabata Emmanuel , Mamvura Zvinashe , Mashiri Pedzisai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Naming is a common practice in all societies. In each society, naming practices follow patterns that are generally
predictable within their respective and identifiable feature categories.Names come from different sources and are inspired by the
lived experiences of their bestowers. Whilst some names have clear and easily traceable meanings owing to their semantically
transparent morphology or syntax, other meanings are only accessible when one gleans through the histories behind the names. Such
histories come from the name givers’ epistemological systems. Thus, besides being forms of identity, different categories of names
perform different functions. This paper is an analysis of inscriptions written on public transport vehicles, commonly known as
kombis. We argue that these inscriptions are names. Hence, the article interrogates the functions of these
names and tries to unearth the philosophies contained therein. The inscriptions were gathered from kombis plying
their routes on the streets of Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city. Data relating to the origins of these names and their semantic,
cultural, and social significance was collected from kombi owners and crews.
“Venezuela hawaii, chelsea!”
Authors: Nassenstein Nico 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This contribution focuses on Langila, a language practice or “speech style” that emerged in the first decade after
the millenium in the Congolese capital of Kinshasa, characterized by lexical creativity and specific phonological manipulative
strategies. I analyze Langila speakers’ use of global place names, fashionable brands, and names of institutions, and to some
extent specific (manipulated) personal names as pseudo-onomastic references from an anthropological-linguistic perspective,
understanding “games with names” (Storch 2019) as a cultural practice that contributes
to the novelty factor in specific ways of speaking in the Congolese capital of Kinshasa and in social media. It is crucial for the
discussion of “labelling” and “branding” practices in contexts of cultural importance in African languages to consider why and how
speakers use, manipulate, and recontextualize semiotic links to names of artefacts, places, and people – and how this changes the
onomastic value of these named, unnamed, and renamed concepts in ludic interaction. The paper thus circles around two main
research questions: How are “labels” (anthroponyms, toponyms) semantically and in terms of their referential and indexical use
changed to creative lifestyle emblems and become part of the everyday lexicon? How are contexts of cultural importance named and
(re)labelled by a speaker, drawing from “manipulated” repertoires that involve (partially homophonic) anthroponymic or toponymic
references actually intended to mislead or to confuse the hearer? This contribution investigates the role of onomastic references
that are used to denote and label central concepts in Langila.
Signature of electrothermal transport in 18 nm vertical junctionless gate-all-around nanowire field effect transistors
Authors: Rezgui Houssem , Wang Yifan , Mukherjee Chhandak , Deng Marina , Maneux Cristell 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Addressing temperature hot-spots resulting from self-heating effects (SHE) poses a significant challenge in the design of emerging nanoscale transistors, such as vertical junctionless nanowire field-effect transistors (VNWFETs), due to reduced thermal conductivity. Consequently, electrothermal modeling becomes crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms governing carrier degradation and thermal conduction in these nanoscale devices. In this study, we present an enhanced drift-diffusion model coupled with nonlocal Guyer–Krumhansl equations to accurately capture carrier-phonon interactions and explore the electrothermal characteristics of gate-all-around (GAA) VNWFETs. Pulsed current–voltage (I–V) measurements are employed to investigate the performance of a state-of-the-art 18 nm VNWFET technology. Furthermore, we report on the influences of both trapping and SHE under high-bias conditions for varying pulse widths. Our findings reveal that optimization of mobility degradation mechanisms allows for improved control over the physical behavior of carrier transport in these emerging technologies. Through careful consideration of these factors, it becomes possible to enhance the overall performance of GAA VNWFETs, particularly in mitigating temperature hot-spots and addressing challenges associated with SHEs.
Understanding the depolarization phenomena in (1−x) Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3. (x) Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 solid solutions using in-situ temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Samantaray Koyal Suman , Maneesha P , Bhaumik Indranil , Sen Somaditya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A decrease in depolarization temperature (T
d) from 456 K to 352 K was observed with an increase in BCZT substitution in the NBT for the (1−x) Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3. (x) Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 solid solutions. A transition towards a higher ergodic state was elucidated with an increase in BCZT content that helped to reduce the free energy barrier, hence lesser thermal energy was required to depolarize the modified systems. Furthermore, a decrease in remnant polarization and coercive field, coupled with an increase in energy storage (W
stored) and efficiency (η%) with higher BCZT content. In-situ temperature-dependent Raman spectra provide additional insights, highlighting the faster changes in phonon shifts and lifetimes corresponding to the A–O, B–O, and BO6 vibrations around the depolarization temperature (T
d). The observed phase transformation to a P4bm phase at temperatures significantly higher than T
d is substantiated by Raman shift and phonon lifetime variations in the modes associated with the A–O and B–O vibrations. The transitions can be understood as: at T ∼ T
d the polar nano regions (PNRs) start to appear due to weakening of bonds, T > T
d all the long-range ferroelectric domains transform to PNRs converting the material to a fully ergodic state, and at much higher temperatures (T ≫ T
d) the R3c PNRs vanish and P4bm PNRs appear.
BerryEasy: a GPU enabled python package for diagnosis of nth-order and spin-resolved topology in the presence of fields and effects
Authors: Tyner Alexander C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Multiple software packages currently exist for the computation of bulk topological invariants in both idealized tight-binding models and realistic Wannier tight-binding models derived from density functional theory. Currently, only one package is capable of computing nested Wilson loops and spin-resolved Wilson loops. These state-of-the-art techniques are vital for accurate analysis of band topology. In this paper we introduce BerryEasy, a python package harnessing the speed of graphical processing units to allow for efficient topological analysis of supercells in the presence of disorder and impurities. Moreover, the BerryEasy package has built-in functionality to accommodate use of realistic many-band tight-binding models derived from first-principles.
Quantitative predictive theories through integrating quantum, statistical, equilibrium, and nonequilibrium thermodynamics
Authors: Liu Zi-Kui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractToday’s thermodynamics is largely based on the combined law for equilibrium systems and statistical mechanics derived by Gibbs in 1873 and 1901, respectively, while irreversible thermodynamics for nonequilibrium systems resides essentially on the Onsager Theorem as a separate branch of thermodynamics developed in 1930s. Between them, quantum mechanics was invented and quantitatively solved in terms of density functional theory (DFT) in 1960s. These three scientific domains operate based on different principles and are very much separated from each other. In analogy to the parable of the blind men and the elephant articulated by Perdew, they individually represent different portions of a complex system and thus are incomplete by themselves alone, resulting in the lack of quantitative agreement between their predictions and experimental observations. Over the last two decades, the author’s group has developed a multiscale entropy approach (recently termed as zentropy theory) that integrates DFT-based quantum mechanics and Gibbs statistical mechanics and is capable of accurately predicting entropy and free energy of complex systems. Furthermore, in combination with the combined law for nonequilibrium systems presented by Hillert, the author developed the theory of cross phenomena beyond the phenomenological Onsager Theorem. The zentropy theory and theory of cross phenomena jointly provide quantitative predictive theories for systems from electronic to any observable scales as reviewed in the present work.