bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive status correlates with white matter alteration in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hattori Takaaki , Orimo Satoshi , Aoki Shigeki , Ito Kenji , Abe Osamu , Amano Atsushi , Sato Ryo , Sakai Kasumi , Mizusawa Hidehiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) can develop mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI), frequently progressing to dementia (PDD). Here, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between white matter alteration and cognitive status in PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) by using diffusion tensor imaging. We also compared the progression patterns of white and gray matter and the cerebral perfusion. We enrolled patients with PD cognitively normal (PD‐CogNL, n = 32), PD‐MCI (n = 28), PDD (n = 25), DLB (n = 29), and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects (n = 40). Fractional anisotropy (FA) map of a patient group was compared with that of control subjects by using tract‐based spatial statistics. For the patient cohort, intersubject voxel‐wise correlation was performed between FA values and Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores. We also evaluated the gray matter and the cerebral perfusion by conducting a voxel‐based analysis. There were significantly decreased FA values in many major tracts in patients with PD‐MCI, PDD, and DLB, but not in PD‐CogNL, compared with control subjects. FA values in the certain white matter areas, particularly the bilateral parietal white matter, were significantly correlated with MMSE scores in patients with PD. Patients with PDD and DLB had diffuse gray matter atrophy. All patient groups had occipital and posterior parietal hypoperfusion when compared with control subjects. Our results suggest that white matter damage underlies cognitive impairment in PD, and cognitive impairment in PD progresses with functional alteration (hypoperfusion) followed by structural alterations in which white matter alteration precedes gray matter atrophy. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of the differentially expressed proteins by airborne nanoparticles
Authors: Park Seul Ki , Jeon Yu Mi , Son Bu Soon , Youn Hyung Sun , Lee Mi Young 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAirborne nanoparticles with thermodynamic diameters less than 56 nm (PM0.056) were collected using a Moudi cascade impactor, and the differentially expressed proteins upon exposure to the airborne nanoparticles were identified in human bronchial epithelial cells. More than 600 protein spots were detected on the two‐dimensional gel, and the identified 13 of these proteins showed notable changes. Nine were up‐regulated and four were down‐regulated following treatment with the airborne nanoparticles. Notably, malignant transformation‐associated multiple forms of keratins, epigenetic regulation‐related MBD1‐containing chromatin associated factor 2, epithelial malignancy‐related vimentin and exocytosis‐related annexin A2 were changed upon exposure to airborne nanoparticle PM0.056. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of denosumab on fracture and bone mineral density by level of kidney function
Authors: Jamal Sophie A , Ljunggren Östen , Stehman-Breen Catherine , Cummings Steven Ron , McClung Michael R , Goemaere Stefan , Ebeling Peter R , Franek Edward , Yang Yu-ching , Egbuna Ogo I , Boonen Steven , Miller Paul D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The incidences of osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) both increase with increasing age, yet there is a paucity of data on treatments for osteoporosis in the setting of impaired kidney function. We examined the efficacy and safety of denosumab (DMAb) among subjects participating in the Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) Study. We estimated creatinine clearance (eGFR) using Cockcroft-Gault and classified levels of kidney function using the modified National Kidney Foundation classification of CKD. We examined incident fracture rates; changes in bone mineral density (BMD), serum calcium, and creatinine; and the incidence of adverse events after 36 months of follow-up in subjects receiving DMAb or placebo, stratified by level of kidney function. We used a subgroup interaction term to determine if there were differences in treatment effect by eGFR. Most (93%) women were white, and the mean age was 72.3 ± 5.2 years; 73 women had an eGFR of 15 to 29 mL/min; 2817, between 30 to 59 mL/min; 4069, between 60 to 89 mL/min, and 842 had an eGFR of 90 mL/min or greater. None had stage 5 CKD. Fracture risk reduction and changes in BMD at all sites were in favor of DMAb. The test for treatment by subgroup interaction was not statistically significant, indicating that treatment efficacy did not differ by kidney function. Changes in creatinine and calcium and the incidence of adverse events were similar between groups and did not differ by level of kidney function. It is concluded that DMAb is effective at reducing fracture risk and is not associated with an increase in adverse events among patients with impaired kidney function. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
El Niño/Southern Oscillation behaviour since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext)
Authors: Wolter Klaus , Timlin Michael S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEl Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) remains the most important coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomenon to cause global climate variability on seasonal to interannual time scales. This paper addresses the need for a reliable ENSO index that allows for the historical definition of ENSO events in the instrumental record back to 1871. The Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) was originally defined as the first seasonally varying principal component of six atmosphere–ocean (COADS) variable fields in the tropical Pacific basin. It provides for a more complete and flexible description of the ENSO phenomenon than single variable ENSO indices such as the SOI or Niño 3.4 SST. Here we describe our effort to boil the MEI concept down to its most essential components (based on SLP, SST) to enable historical analyses that more than double its period of record to 1871–2005. The new MEI.ext confirms that ENSO activity went through a lull in the early‐ to mid‐20th century, but was just about as prevalent one century ago as in recent decades. We diagnose strong relationships between peak amplitudes of ENSO events and their duration, as well as between their peak amplitudes and their spacing (periodicity). Our effort is designed to help with the assessment of ENSO conditions through as long a record as possible to be able to differentiate between ‘natural’ ENSO behaviour in all its rich facets, and the ‘Brave New World’ of this phenomenon under evolving GHG‐related climate conditions. So far, none of the behaviour of recent ENSO events appears unprecedented, including duration, onset timing, and spacing in the last few decades compared to a full century before then. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of center of pressure modulation on knee adduction moment in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Haim Amir , Wolf Alon , Rubin Guy , Genis Yulya , Khoury Mona , Rozen Nimrod 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe knee adduction moment (KAM) provides a major contribution to the elevated load in the medial compartment of the knee. An abnormally high KAM has been linked with the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Footwear‐generated biomechanical manipulations reduce the magnitude of this moment by conveying a more laterally shifted trajectory of the foot's center of pressure (COP), reducing the distance between the ground reaction force and the center of the knee joint, thus lowering the magnitude of the torque. We sought to examine the outcome of a COP shift in a cohort of female patients suffering from medial knee OA. Twenty‐two female patients suffering from medial compartment knee OA underwent successive gait analysis testing and direct pedobarographic examination of the COP trajectory with a foot‐worn biomechanical device allowing controlled manipulation of the COP. Modulation of the COP coronal trajectory from medial to lateral offset resulted in a significant reduction of the KAM. This trend was demonstrated in subjects with mild‐to‐moderate OA and in patients suffering from severe stages of the disease. Our results indicate that controlled manipulation of knee coronal kinetics in individuals suffering from medial knee OA can be facilitated by customized COP modification. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1668–1674, 2011
The clinical use of indocyanine green as a near‐infrared fluorescent contrast agent for image‐guided oncologic surgery
Authors: Schaafsma Boudewijn E. , Mieog J. Sven D. , Hutteman Merlijn , van der Vorst Joost R. , Kuppen Peter J.K. , Löwik Clemens W.G.M. , Frangioni John V. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOptical imaging using near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence provides new prospects for general and oncologic surgery. ICG is currently utilised in NIR fluorescence cancer‐related surgery for three indications: sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, intraoperative identification of solid tumours, and angiography during reconstructive surgery. Therefore, understanding its advantages and limitations is of significant importance. Although non‐targeted and non‐conjugatable, ICG appears to be laying the foundation for more widespread use of NIR fluorescence‐guided surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:323–332. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prevalence of mitochondrial mutations associated with aminoglycoside‐induced sensorineural hearing loss in an NICU population
Authors: Ealy Megan , Lynch Katherine A. , Meyer Nicole C. , Smith Richard J.H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSeveral mitochondrial DNA variants increase risk for developing sensorineural hearing loss following exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics, a particular concern in the premature infant population, as many of these babies spend time in neonatal intensive care units and are treated with aminoglycosides. To determine the relative prevalence of five mitochondrial DNA variants in the 12S rRNA gene, MT‐RNR1, we genotyped 703 neonatal intensive care unit patients and 1,473 individuals from the general Iowa population. We found that the aggregate frequency of these variants (∼1.8%) was comparable between populations. Although no hearing loss was detected by newborn hearing screens in the at‐risk patients, these neonatal intensive care unit graduates have an increased life‐time risk for developing aminoglycoside‐induced deafness.
Correlation of asymmetric facial growth with deviated nasal septum
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Rha Ki‐Sang , Weissman Joshua D. , Hwang Peter H. , Most Sam P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the correlation between growth differences of the face and nasal septal deviation, and to evaluate whether developmental differences of the face have an effect on nontraumatic nasal septal deviation (DNS).Study Design:Retrospective study.Methods:Twenty‐five patients with DNS who underwent facial aesthetic surgery and had an ostiomeatal unit‐computed tomography (OMU‐CT) scan and photos for facial analysis were included in the study. Coronal views of the OMU‐CT scan where the nasal septum was most severely deviated were selected and from which five parameters (angle of septal deviation [ASD], angle of nasal floor [ANF], angle of lateral nasal wall [ALW], angle of inferior turbinate [AIT], and width of IT [WIT]) were measured. Preoperative frontal views of the patients were analyzed by comparing the distances between the following points on both sides of the faces: midsagittal plane to Zygion (MSP‐Zy), Glabella to Exocanthion (G‐Ex), Exocanthion to Cheilion (Ex‐Ch), and Zygion to Cheilion (Zy‐Ch).Results:The differences between the right and left MSP‐Zy, G‐Ex, and Ch‐Zy distance were significantly associated with the direction of septal deviation. The difference between the right and left AIT and WIT were also significantly associated with the direction of septal deviation. Using bivariate correlation, it was found that the absolute difference between the right and left MSP‐Zy, G‐Ex, and WIT showed significant correlation with the amount of septal deviation.Conclusions:We demonstrate that there is a strong relationship between deviated nasal septum and facial growth asymmetry.
Synthesis and Thin Film Phase Behaviour of Functional Rod‐Coil Block Copolymers Based on Poly(para‐phenylenevinylene) and Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Braun Christoph H. , Schöpf Benjamin , Ngov Chheng , Brochon Cyril , Hadziioannou Georges , Crossland Edward J. W. , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a series of block copolymers consisting of a rod‐like semiconducting poly(2,5‐di(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) (DEH‐PPV) block and a flexible poly(lactic acid) (PLA) block that can be selectively degraded under mild conditions. Such selectively degradable block copolymers are designed as self‐assembling templates for bulk heterojunction donor–acceptor layers in organic solar cells. A lamellar microphase‐separated domain structure was identified for block copolymers with PLA volume fractions between 29 and 79% in bulk and thin films using SAXS, TEM, and AFM. Depending on the ratio of the two blocks we find either lamellae oriented parallel or perpendicular to the substrate in thin films. magnified image
A prediction method for endurance of carburized components based on fatigue of corresponding material states with different carbon contents
Authors: Thumser R. , Kleemann S. , Diemar A. , Kleemann A. , Bergmann J. W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCarburizing generates different material properties and residual stresses in the carburized layer. A material mechanics based model for endurance prediction of carburized steel components has been developed, in which thin walled tubes are used under cyclic internal and monotonic external pressures allow the determination of the material properties of the carburized layers. An unexpected independence of endurance and mean stress sensitivity from carbon content and hardness has been found, contrary to existing scientific knowledge. Component like specimens were tested to validate the endurance prediction model. The deviations of the predictions from the experiment are in the range of ±8 percent.
Modeling and fatigue assessment of weld start‐end locations based on the effective notch stress approach
Authors: Malikoutsakis M. , Savaidis G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe present paper contains a methodology for modeling and life assessment of fatigue loaded welded components providing distinct weld start and end locations. The proposed methodology follows the IIW recommendation regarding modeling and finite element meshing of weld toe and root by means of an effective notch radius and uses the corresponding Wöhler curve (FAT class) to assess the durability. Geometrical singularities and, therewith, numerical discontinuities, can be overcome especially when 3D weld root problems are treated. The fatigue life assessment is performed on the basis of normal stresses acting at the failure‐critical weld toe and root locations. Comprehensive experimental database containing stress and fatigue life results derived from motor truck's hypoid rear axles providing complex 3D welds subject to vertical, longitudinal, and torsional loading is used to verify the calculation accuracy of the proposed methodology. The agreement between experimentally determined and calculated fatigue results is satisfactory.
Local limit loads in components with competing failure locations
Authors: Thumser R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe plastic limit load is an important feature of the S‐N curve. The classical way of plastic limit load calculation using elastic‐ideal plastic material behaviour is restricted to one location of the component. Complex components normally have several fatigue critical locations, for all of them the local plastic limit loads has to be determined. By the classical way the plastic limit load can be evaluated only for one of them. A new method is presented. The local plastic notch factor Kp and the corresponding plastic limit loads are calculated applying Neuber's rule to FE calculations with plastic hardening material. The new method is validated on the basis of six different notched specimens. The need and capability is exemplarily shown on a specimen with two competing failure locations.
Should treatment for Parkinson's disease start immediately on diagnosis or delayed until functional disability develops?
Authors: Clarke Carl E. , Patel Smitaa , Ives Natalie , Rick Caroline , Wheatley Keith , Gray Richard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Evidence from clinical trials with monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors (TEMPO, ADAGIO and DATATOP) and levodopa (ELLDOPA) suggests that Parkinson's disease patients may benefit from treatment being commenced immediately on diagnosis rather than waiting for functional disability to develop, as is traditional clinical practice.Methods:We performed a narrative literature review and meta‐analysis of delayed‐start design trials in Parkinson's disease.Results:There was inconsistency in the results of the two rasagiline delayed‐start design trials, with early treatment with a 2 mg dose significantly superior in the TEMPO trial, but the 1 mg dose significantly better in the ADAGIO trial, making interpretation difficult. Further, the benefits of immediate treatment were small in terms of total unified Parkinson's disease rating scale scores, with a mean difference of 0.91 units (95% confidence interval 0.01, 1.80; P=0.05) in a meta‐analysis of the TEMPO and ADAGIO delayed‐start design trials. Such small differences are unlikely to be of clinical relevance. There is also little information on whether immediate treatment has a beneficial effect on patient quality of life with an acceptable adverse reaction profile, and we have no data on whether imediate treatment is cost‐effective.Discussion:Based on the evidence available, changing clinical practice to immediate therapy on diagnosis is not warranted and further trials are needed. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Avoiding false‐negative nerve conduction study in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Won Sun Jae , Yoon Joon Shik , Kim Jun Yeon , Kim Sei Joo , Jeong Jin Seok 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Ulnar nerve displacement at the elbow causes overestimation of nerve conduction velocity. We hypothesized that this overestimation may cause false‐negative results when the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM) diagnostic criteria are used.Methods:We investigated 9 cases of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, all having ulnar nerve displacement confirmed by ultrasonography and meeting none or just one of the AANEM criteria with distance measurement by anatomic landmarks. First, the distance across the elbow segment was measured by anatomic landmarks, and then it was re‐estimated by ultrasonography.Results:Overestimated ulnar conduction velocity was corrected by 7.9 m/s. Three cases met none of the AANEM criteria before correction. After correction of overestimation, all cases met two of the AANEM criteria.Conclusion:This study highlights the importance of using ultrasonography to confirm the possibility of ulnar nerve displacement, especially when electrodiagnostic findings do not meet AANEM criteria in patients with suspected UNE. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Acute clinical onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a dog
Authors: Molín Jéssica , Márquez Mercedes , Raurell Xavier , Matiasek Kaspar , Ferrer Isidre , Pumarola Martí 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe report a case of acute‐onset ambulatory paraparesis with electrophysiological abnormalities compatible with axonal and demyelinating lesions in a Rottweiler dog. Although the clinical findings were compatible with acute canine idiopathic polyneuropathy, postmortem investigations revealed a chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy affecting the nerve roots. Due to the combination of acute clinical presentation and chronic pathologic features, this case is consistent with the acute‐onset form of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A‐CIDP). Muscle Nerve 44: 441–443, 2011
Pentostatin for treatment of refractory autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: Bajwa Rajinder , Savelli Stephanie , Gross Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAutoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), a disorder of programmed cell death, could be due to a congenital defect in the Fas signaling pathway or other pathways for apoptosis. Most cases present with lymphoproliferation and certain autoimmune features such as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and anemia are due to excessive production of antibodies by B lymphocytes. Majority of cases present within the first few years of life. We report a case of ALPS presenting at birth which was refractory to splenectomy and immunosuppressive therapy, but responded to pentostatin followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 336–337. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric and adolescent patients with central nervous system germinoma treated with a strategy of chemotherapy followed by reduced‐dose and volume irradiation
Authors: O'Neil Sharon , Ji Lingyun , Buranahirun Cathliyn , Azoff Jaye , Dhall Girish , Khatua Soumen , Patel Sunita , Panigrahy Ashok , Borchert Mark , Sposto Richard , Finlay Jonathan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of neurocognitive outcomes after a treatment strategy of chemotherapy followed by reduced‐dose and volume irradiation for primary central nervous system (CNS) germinoma.MethodsNeuropsychological evaluations including measures of verbal and nonverbal intellectual functioning, working memory, processing speed, verbal and nonverbal memory, executive functioning, depression, anxiety, and social functioning were analyzed for all patients (N = 20) with histologically diagnosed CNS germinoma diagnosed at our institution between 2003 and 2009. All 20 patients underwent at least one neuropsychological evaluation, 14 patients had at least two evaluations, 7 patients had at least three, and 2 had four, generating a total of 43 test batteries at a mean of 3.0 years from diagnosis.ResultsThe 20 patients performed as a group in the average range on all neurocognitive measures administered when compared to the nonmedical normative group. No decline over time was indicated on any of the neurocognitive measures. An improvement over time was indicated for nonverbal reasoning, nonverbal memory, processing speed, working memory, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. No significant differences were found by tumor location, age at diagnosis, or hydrocephalus at presentation.ConclusionsFor pediatric and adolescent patients with newly diagnosed CNS germinoma, modest chemotherapy followed by reduced dose ventricular field irradiation with simultaneous integrated boost to the primary site, is associated with preservation of neurocognitive, social and emotional functioning. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 669–673. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.