bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New quaternary complex borides, Ti9M2Ru18B8 (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn): synthesis, crystal structure and bonding analysis
Authors: Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Goerens Christian , Gilleßen Michael 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Powder samples and single crystals of the Ti9M2Ru18B8 (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) phases were synthesized from the elements and characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction as well as energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The new phases are all isotypic and crystallize in the tetragonal system as substitutional variants of the Zn11Rh18B8-type structure (space group P4/mbm, no. 127). M2 dumbbells are observed and interconnect to each other along the [001] direction to build “ladders”. The M–M dumbbell distances vary from 2.48 to 2.50 Å and the distances between two dumbbells (M2 · · · M2) are all close to 2.97 Å, whereas the chains are well separated from each other by distances of at least 11.20 Å. A strong variation of the unit cell volume with increasing valence electron count is observed in the series. According to the results of tight-binding electronic structure calculations, Ru–B and Ti–Ru contacts are responsible for the structural stability of these phases. The strength of the M–M and M–Ru interactions decreases with increasing valence electron count in the series. Non vanishing density of states at the Fermi level indicates metallic character for all phases.
Mexican-American Entrepreneurship
Authors: Fairlie Robert , Woodruff Christopher M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We conduct a comprehensive analysis of Mexican-American entrepreneurship. We find that low levels of education and wealth explain the entire gap between Mexican immigrants and non-Latino whites in business formation rates; together with language ability, these factors explain nearly the entire gap in business income. Legal status represents an additional barrier for Mexican immigrants, reducing business ownership rates by 0.7 percentage points. Human and financial capital deficiencies limit business ownership and business success among second and third-generation Mexican-Americans to a lesser extent. These findings have implications for the debates over the assimilation of Mexican-Americans in the United States.
Projective reconstruction with occlusions
Authors: Peng Y. , Liu S. , Liu F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn iteration method for projective reconstruction from uncalibrated image sequence with occlusions is presented in this paper. The reprojection points replace all the occlusions and projective reconstruction is obtained from all the points alternately, and the real positions of occlusions and the accurate projective reconstruction are finally obtained. The experiments with both synthetic and real data show that the method is effective and accurate.
Superior-capsular elongation and its significance in atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability in magnetic resonance arthrography
Authors: Hsu Yi-Chih , Pan Ru-Yu , Shih Yen-Yu I. , Lee Meei-Shyuan , Huang Guo-Shu 
Published: February 2010

Background: Redundancy of the capsule has been considered to be the main pathologic condition responsible for atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability; however, there is a paucity of measurements providing quantitative diagnosis. Purpose: To determine the significance of superior-capsular elongation and its relevance to atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability at magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography. Material and Methods: MR arthrography was performed in 21 patients with atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability and 21 patients without shoulder instability. One observer made the measurements in duplicate and was blinded to the two groups. The superior-capsular measurements (linear distance and cross-sectional area) under the supraspinatus tendon, and the rotator interval were determined on MR arthrography and evaluated for each of the two groups. Results: For the superior-capsular measurements, the linear distance under the supraspinatus tendon was significantly longer in patients with atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability than in control subjects ( P<0.001). The cross-sectional area under the supraspinatus tendon, and the rotator interval were significantly increased in patients with atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability compared to control subjects ( P<0.001 and P=0.01, respectively). Linear distance greater than 1.6 mm under the supraspinatus tendon had a specificity of 95% and a sensitivity of 90% for diagnosing atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability. Cross-sectional area under the supraspinatus tendon greater than 0.3 cm2, or an area under the rotator interval greater than 1.4 cm2 had a specificity of more than 80% and a sensitivity of 90%. Conclusion: The superior-capsular elongation as well as its diagnostic criteria of measurements by MR arthrography revealed in the present study could serve as references for diagnosing atraumatic posteroinferior shoulder instability and offer insight into the spectrum of imaging findings corresponding to the pathologies encountered at clinical presentation.
Children's Perceptions ofHealthful Eating and Physical Activity
Authors: Protudjer Jennifer Lisa Penner , Marchessault Gail , Kozyrskyj Anita Luba , Becker Allan Barry 
Published: February 2010

Purpose: Healthful lifestyle habits established in childhood may continue through adulthood. Such habits may also be effective in preventing or reversing overweight and obesity. However, little is known about children's perceptions of healthful eating and physical activity. Thus, we sought a better understanding of how children perceive healthful eating and physical activity.Methods: A purposeful selection was made of Winnipeg, Manitoba, boys (n=23) and girls (n=22) aged 11 to 12 years. The children were interviewed using a semi-structured, indepth interview guide. Data were analyzed using thematic coding.Results: Although healthful eating was seen as necessary for health, high-fat, high-sugar foods were a source of pleasure and enjoyed during social times. Physical activity was a way of spending time with friends, either through active play or watching sports. Boys viewed screen time and homework as barriers to physical activity, while girls identified no common barriers. Children viewed physical activity as easier than healthful eating, describing the former as “play” and “fun.”Conclusions: Knowing how children think about food choices will further our understanding of the disconnect between nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviours. Understanding conflicting pressures that influence children's healthful lifestyles may enhance communication about these topics among parents, educators, and children.
Vancouver Dietitians’ Perspectives on Their Roles in Long-term Care
Authors: Wassink Heather L. , Chapman Gwen E. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose: In this study, we sought insight into the clinical practice experiences of dietitians working independently (i.e., as the only dietitian in a facility) in long-term care (LTC). We hoped to learn about their work roles and identify specific factors that facilitate their success. Methods: Grounded theory methods were used. Data were collected through 11 semi-structured interviews. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparative method, which included coding, memo writing, and ongoing discussion between the two researchers. Results:When speaking about their roles, participants identified both specific tasks they had to complete and broader roles they fulfilled. Many of these roles focused on relationships with co-workers and building effective multidisciplinary teams. Effective teamwork was linked with dietitians’ personal feelings of success in providing resident-focused nutritional care in the LTC setting. Conclusions: The LTC dietitians’ various roles were generally self-appointed, and they focused more on the purpose of their work than on tasks. A primary focus of these roles was the multidisciplinary team and the promotion of effective teamwork, especially, but not exclusively, as it applies to the provision of nutritional care. Successful teamwork was linked to dietitians’ reports of personal success in their work.
Development of microsatellite markers for the moss Ptychomitrium gardneri (Ptychomitriaceae)
Authors: Liu Yan , Ge Xue‐Jun , Sun Qi‐Bao , Cao Tong 
Published: February 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Ptychomitrium gardneri to study population genetics of this eastern Asian‐North American disjunct moss.• Methods and Results: A total of 13 microsatellite markers were developed in Chinese populations of P. gardneri, using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining Repeats protocol. Eight of the markers showed polymorphism when assessed in a sample of four populations of 29 individuals from China. These markers amplified three to four alleles per locus. Five primers also amplified in P. linearifolium and P. wilsonii.• Conclusions: These markers may be useful for further investigation of population genetics of P. gardneri.
Safety and Effectiveness of Thin-flap LASIK Using a Femtosecond Laser and Microkeratome in the Correction of High Myopia in Chinese Patients
Authors: Li Haiyan , Sun Tong , Wang Ming , Zhao Jialiang 
Published: February 2010

PURPOSE:
To establish safety and effectiveness of thin-flap LASIK using a femtosecond laser and microkeratome in correcting high myopia in Chinese patients.

METHODS:

Two hundred seventy-four eyes of 148 Chinese patients with high myopia whose spherical equivalent refraction (SE) ranged from −6.12 to −15.75 diopters (D) received thin-flap LASIK with the VISX S4 IR excimer laser system. Corneal flaps were created with a femtosecond laser (15-kHz IntraLase, 134 eyes of 76 patients, target flap thickness 100
µ
m) and Moria M2 microkeratome (90-
µ
m head, 140 eyes of 72 patients, target flap thickness 110
µ
m). Clinical outcomes were assessed with uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction, wavefront aberrometry, Schirmer tests, and tear break-up time (TBUT) at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

At 3 months, both groups showed comparable clinical outcomes in most parameters assessed, including the percent of postoperative UCVA better than or equal to preoperative BSCVA (
P
=.642), mean residual spherical equivalent refraction (
P
=.448), mean Schirmer test (
P
=.950), and mean TBUT (
P
=.867). Postoperative coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration were similar in both groups (
P
=.202,
P
=.898, and
P
=.890, respectively). Both groups had a similar percent of eyes with a change of SE of <1.00 D (
P
=.284).

CONCLUSIONS:

Thin-flap LASIK with a femtosecond laser and microkeratome are both safe and effective for the correction of high myopia in Chinese patients. Femtosecond laser shows similar predictability, stability, and induction of higher order aberrations to the micro-keratome. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:99–106.]
Comparison of Internal Anterior Chamber Diameter Imaging Modalities: 35-MHz Ultrasound Biomicroscopy, Visante Optical Coherence Tomography, and Pentacam
Authors: Kim Sang-Kyoon , Kim Hyo-Myung , Song Jong-Suk 
Published: February 2010

PURPOSE:
To compare the internal diameter of the anterior chamber among three different imaging modalities: 35-MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), Visante optical coherence tomography (OCT), and Pentacam, and to compare the internal diameters with white-to-white (WTW) distance measured by Orbscan.

METHODS:
The internal horizontal anterior chamber diameter was measured in 20 normal eyes using 35-MHz UBM (Optikon), Visante OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec), and Pentacam (Oculus Inc). The mean horizontal anterior chamber diameters were compared, and the correlations between each pair of two different methods were evaluated. Horizontal WTW distance was measured by Orbscan IIz (Bausch & Lomb-Orbtek Inc) and then correlated with the measurements of internal anterior chamber diameter.

RESULTS:

The mean horizontal anterior chamber diameter was 10.99±0.47 mm with UBM, 11.70±0.47 mm with OCT, and 11.86±0.45 mm with Pentacam. Ultra-sound biomicroscopy measurements were significantly different than those of OCT and Pentacam (
P
<.001 for both). However, no significant difference was found between OCT and Pentacam (
P
=.19). Regarding the correlations between each pair of two different methods, UBM and OCT showed significant correlation (r=0.848,
P
<.001), but there was no significant correlation between OCT and Pentacam (r=0.403,
P
=.078), even though the mean values were similar. In the Bland-Altman plots, the range of agreement was 0.51 mm between OCT and UBM, and 0.99 mm between Pentacam and OCT.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the internal anterior chamber diameters measured by 35-MHz UBM were significantly smaller than those measured by Visante OCT and Pentacam, the measurements of UBM and Visante OCT showed significant correlation and good agreement with each other. Pentacam showed poor correlation with other measurements. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:120–126.]
Central Corneal Thickness, Anterior Chamber Depth, and Pupil Diameter Measurements Using Visante OCT, Orbscan, and Pentacam
Authors: Yazici Ahmet Taylan , Bozkurt Ercument , Alagoz Cengiz , Alagoz Nese , Pekel Gokhan , Kaya Vedat , Yilmaz Omer Faruk 
Published: February 2010

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the agreement among three different optical methods in measuring anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), and pupil diameter.

METHODS:
One hundred eyes of 50 healthy patients (25 men, 25 women) were enrolled in the study. Mean patient age was 25 years (range: 21 to 32 years). Exclusion criteria were history of any intraocular or corneal surgery, contact lens wear, corneal anomalies, and spherical refraction >5.00 diopters (D) or cylindrical refraction >2.00 D. All measurements were done by the same operator under mesopic light conditions and repeated using three different optical methods: Visante optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Carl Zeiss Meditec), Orbscan (Bausch & Lomb), and Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH).

RESULTS:

Mean CCT as measured by Visante OCT, Orb-scan, and Pentacam was 529±30.5
µ
m, 554±32.7
µ
m, and 552±29.3
µ
m, respectively. Mean ACD values were 2.94±0.34 mm, 2.84±0.33 mm, and 2.98±0.33 mm, respectively. Mean pupil diameter measurements were 4.87±1.09 mm, 4.0±0.67 mm, and 3.05±0.59 mm, respectively. The Visante OCT measured CCT thinner and Orbscan measured ACD shallower than the other two methods. All three methods measured pupil diameters significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study found some statistically significant but clinically insignificant differences among the optical methods assessed. The differences are small and do not influence decisions for refractive surgery in clinical practice. [
J Refract Surg.
2010;26:127–133.]
Distinct Protease Requirements for Antigen Presentation In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Matthews Stephen P. , Werber Ingrid , Deussing Jan , Peters Christoph , Reinheckel Thomas , Watts Colin 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) or legumain is a potentially important Ag-processing enzyme that introduces limited cleavages that trigger unfolding and class II MHC binding of different Ag substrates. AEP is necessary and sufficient for optimal processing and presentation of the tetanus toxin C fragment (TTCF) Ag in vitro, but its importance has not been tested in vivo. Surprisingly, virtually normal T cell and Ab responses to TTCF were mounted in AEP-deficient mice when examined 10 d after immunization. This was the case when TTCF was emulsified with CFA, adsorbed onto alum, or expressed within live Salmonella typhimurium. In addition, the dominant Ab and T cell determinants recognized in TTCF were essentially unchanged in AEP-deficient mice. These data are explained, at least in part, by the much lower levels of AEP expressed in primary murine APCs compared with immortalized B cell lines. Even so, the initial in vivo kinetics of TTCF presentation were slower in AEP-deficient mice and, as expected, boosting AEP levels in primary APCs enhanced and accelerated TTCF processing and presentation in vitro. Thus, AEP remains the protease of choice for TTCF processing; however, in its absence, other enzymes can substitute to enable slower, but equally robust, adaptive immune responses. Moreover, clear relationships between Ags and processing proteases identified from short-term in vitro processing and presentation studies do not necessarily predict an absolute in vivo dependency on those processing enzymes, not least because they may be expressed at strikingly different levels in vitro versus in vivo.
Patterned Synthesis of Pd4S: Chemically Robust Electrodes and Conducting Etch Masks
Authors: Radha Boya , Kulkarni Giridhar U. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA simple, one‐step process to synthesize Pd4S films is reported here along with their characterization using X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and electrical measurements. The synthesis involves thermolysis of a single‐source precursor, namely palladium alkanethiolate, in H2atmosphere at 250 °C for 3 h. The films are highly conducting and resistant to strong acidic, alkali, and oxidizing environments. The precursor allows patterning of the Pd4S films by electron beam lithography and micromolding, an attribute that has been employed in making chemically resistant electrodes and etch masks. The conversion of palladium thiolate to other sulfide phases is also achieved.
Mixed conducting membranes — Macrostructure related oxygen permeation flux
Authors: Zydorczak Barbara , Li Kang , Tan Xiaoyao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe influence of the macrostructures of LSCF hollow fiber membranes on oxygen permeation flux was investigated experimentally and theoretically. According to the results, asymmetric membranes perform differently toward oxygen permeation depending on their sintering outcome. If both, outer and inner surfaces of the asymmetric membrane are fully densified, finger‐like pores become dead volume, which has adverse effects, and the oxygen permeation flux is similar to that of the symmetric membrane. This implies that the improved bulk diffusion due to the reduced membrane thickness is compromised by the additional exchange reaction resistance from the enclosed macrovoids in the asymmetric membranes. However, when one surface of the membrane is fully open, then oxygen permeation is greatly enhanced mainly due to the remarkable increase in the effective surface area for surface exchange reactions. In order to evaluate the actual surface exchange area due to the presence of the porous structure within the asymmetric membranes, a correction factor α, has been introduced in the theoretical analysis presented. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Sources of variation in fecal cortisol levels in howler monkeys in belize
Authors: Behie Alison M. , Pavelka Mary S.M. , Chapman Colin A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHigh cortisol levels are known to cause low fecundity and increased mortality; thus, the prospect of using cortisol as a measure of population health is an exciting one. However, because so many factors can interact to influence cortisol release, it can be difficult to interpret what exactly is creating changes to cortisol levels. This study investigates variation in fecal cortisol levels in a population of black howlers (Alouatta pigra) from 350 fecal samples collected from 33 individuals in more than 4 years. A general linear mixed model revealed that cortisol varied significantly with fruit availability and contact with tourists. When fruit availability was low, cortisol increased, likely because when fruit availability is low monkeys eat less fruit, thus obtaining less sugar. This result may simply reflect cortisol's metabolic function of mobilizing glucose. It also indicates that these monkeys may be experiencing periods of food stress throughout the year, which was earlier thought to be minimal for a primarily folivorous species. Presence of tourists was the only other factor found to lead to high cortisol; with exposure to tourists increasing stress levels. These results highlight the importance of understanding how physiological factors can influence cortisol, making it easier to interpret results and determine the external social or ecological stressors that may increase cortisol. Am. J. Primatol. 72:600–606, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The synthesis and properties of nanoscale ionic materials
Authors: Rodriguez Robert , Herrera Rafael , Bourlinos Athanasios B. , Li Ruipeng , Amassian Aram , Archer Lynden A. , Giannelis Emmanuel P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this article we discuss the effect of constituents on structure, flow, and thermal properties of nanoscale ionic materials (NIMs). NIMs are a new class of nanohybrids consisting of a nanometer‐sized core, a charged corona covalently attached to the core, and an oppositely charged canopy. The hybrid nature of NIMs allows for their properties to be engineered by selectively varying their components. The unique properties associated with these systems can help overcome some of the issues facing the implementation of nanohybrids to various commercial applications, including carbon dioxide capture, water desalinization and as lubricants. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and anticancer activity of chalcogenide derivatives and platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes derived from a polar ferrocene phosphanyl–carboxamide
Authors: Schulz Jiří , Renfrew Anna K. , Císařová Ivana , Dyson Paul J. , Štěpnička Petr 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe polar phosphanyl‐carboxamide, 1′‐(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1‐[N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl]ferrocene (1), reacts readily with hydrogen peroxide and elemental sulfur to give the corresponding phosphane‐oxide and phosphane‐sulfide, respectively, and with platinum(II) and palladium(II) precursors to afford various bis(phosphane) complexes [MCl2(1‐κP)2] (M =trans‐Pd,trans‐Pt andcis‐Pt). The anticancer activity of the compounds was evaluatedin vitrowith the complexes showing moderate cytotoxicities towards human ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, the biological activity was found to be strongly influenced by the stereochemistry, withtrans‐[PtCl2(1‐κP)2] being an order of magnitude more active than the correspondingcisisomer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indazaboles—synthesis and molecular structure
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Shahid Khadija , Kempe Rhett , Döring Christian , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe reaction of 1‐trimethylsilyl‐indazole with boranes affords indazaboles accompanied by elimination of trimethysilane. Thus, the two isomers of parent indazabole are formed in a 1:1 ratio using borane in THF (BH3/THF), characterized by NMR spectroscopy in solution (1H, 11B and 13C NMR). In contrast, the analogous reaction with 1,2‐bis(tetramethylene)diborane(6) proceeds to give a single isomer of the B‐alkylated indazabole via symmetric ring cleavage of the diborane(6), as shown by NMR in solution and X‐ray structural analysis in the solid state. The molecular structure is fluxional in solution. In the solid state, the central B2N4 ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. Calculated gas phase geometries of the parent indazaboles and of the B‐alkylated indazabole were optimized by DFT methods at the B3LYP/6‐311 + G(d,p) level of theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.