bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Accuracy of Machinery Fault Diagnosis through Fault Source Isolation of Complex Mixture of Industrial Sound Signals
Authors: Senanayaka Ayantha , Lee Philku , Lee Nayeon , Dickerson Charles , Netchaev Anton , Mun Sungkwang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Machinery health monitoring techniques provide valuable insights into the performance and condition of machines. Acoustic sensor-based monitoring has emerged as a significant area of interest for the industry due to its ability to accurately capture fault signatures, thereby improving the detection accuracies of anomalies or deviations from regular operations. However, the collected sensor signals typically contain a complex mixture of sounds that relate to multiple fault conditions, environmental noise, and other unwanted sounds from the surroundings. Identifying the specific root causes of failures is a challenge in modeling without knowledge of the unique characteristics of failure conditions. This can ultimately degrade the model’s performance or yield inaccurate failure estimations in condition monitoring, which is a consistent concern in the industry. Therefore, this study proposes a novel framework that enhances the accuracy of machinery fault diagnosis using audio source separation of complex mixture of sound signals. The proposed approach employs a Deep Extractor for Music Source Separation (DEMUCS), a state-of-the-art music source separation approach consisting of an encoder-decoder architecture that uses bi-directional long-short-term memory (LSTM) for industrial machine sound separation and enhancement. The proposed methodology comprises two steps. In the first step, the fault sound isolation and recovering individual fault sounds from a complex mixture of sound signals are enabled using DEMUCS. In the second step, the isolated fault sounds are fed through a 1D-convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) classifier for adequate classification. A machine fault simulator by Spectra Quest equipped with a condenser mic was employed to evaluate the proposed DEMUCS-CNN methodology for identifying multiple faults. The effectiveness of the DEMUCS-CNN method was also compared to the traditional approach of blind source separation (BSS). The outcomes of the comparison indicated that the suggested approach of fault isolation by DEMUCS led to enhanced fault classification accuracy, making it a more effective approach compared to conventional BSS.
Dosimetric Analysis and Acute Toxicity in Craniospinal Irradiation Using Helical Tomotherapy: Experience from a Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: Malukar Siddharth , Parikh Ankita , Kunikullaya U Suryanarayana , Rath Satyajeet , Singh Jayesh , Pandya Akash , Dash Niranjan , T Arun , Mehta Maitrik , Shah Sonal Patel , Shivhare Vinay , Yadav Rajan , Patel Dhara , Prajapati Krishna , Hadiya Piyush , Bopche Tushar , Pelagade Satish , Kakkad Mitul , C.D. Jincy , Pachat Anagha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of helical intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI) on tomotherapy, aiming to enhance target coverage while minimizing radiation dose to nearby organs at risk (OARs) and to assess acute toxicities.
Methods
It was a prospective observational single-arm study, 24 patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled, with most common histology being medulloblastoma. Planning was executed using the Accuray Precision system, adhering to European Society of Paediatric Oncology guidelines for contouring. Dosimetric analysis encompassing target coverage, conformity, homogeneity, and OAR sparing was performed. Acute side effects were assessed using CTCAE 4.0.
Results
Tomotherapy showed acceptable target coverage and spared organs at risk (OARs), although some patients exceeded QUANTEC dose limits due to factors like target volume, prescribed dose and proximity to OARs. Hematological and skin-related adverse events were observed, mostly mild to moderate. These toxicities were generally acceptable. Plans with 2.5 cm field width had higher toxicity rates compared to 5 cm width, attributed to increased monitor units and beam-on times.
Conclusion
Tomotherapy demonstrated effectiveness in target coverage and OAR sparing, careful consideration of dose limits and field width is crucial to minimize toxicity risks. These findings contribute to the understanding of the feasibility and safety profile of Tomotherapy in Craniospinal Irradiation. Larger cohorts and extended follow-up periods are necessary to evaluate late toxicities comprehensively.
Utilizing Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) of the nail for the detection of osteoporosis
Authors: Raheem Safa , Habana Sami , Ali Alaa H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this study, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technology was used to diagnose osteoporosis through nail analysis. The study focused on measuring calcium concentration in nails as an indicator of bone density and osteoporosis diagnosis. Samples were collected from a healthy individual and a person with osteoporosis from Al-Hillah Teaching Hospital. The results showed that healthy nails have higher calcium concentrations compared to nails affected by osteoporosis. LIBS technology is a powerful and accurate tool for analyzing the elemental composition of nails and identifying disease-related changes. Physicians can utilize this technique to improve their ability to diagnose and monitor osteoporosis and guide appropriate treatment.
Social determinants of health and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and germline genetic testing in patients with early stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the community oncology setting
Authors: Reid Robert , Danso Michael , Dye Joseph , Leong Traci , Raska Paola , kuntz Barb , kidd Angel , Espirito Janet , Tedesco karen , Goudar Ranjit , Lewis Tifany , Clark Becky , Adger Rachael , kocemba Leanne , Mendenhall Molly , Robert Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Triple negative breast cancer is a biologically aggressive cancer with limited treatment options. The disease behaves more aggressively in Black women, producing higher mortality rates.
Methods
With the aim of understanding reasons for this difference in outcomes, a retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted. We sought to correlate social determinants of health with use of germline genetic testing and administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Results
We observed lower use of germline genetic testing among patients who were Black (OR = 0.43, p = 0.007 vs. White) or from lower socioeconomic status neighborhoods (OR = 0.98, p = 0.001). Nonetheless, lower administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was seen in those of older age (OR = 0.95, p < 0.001) or on Medicaid insurance (OR = 0.54, p = 0.020 vs. commercial insurance), while higher administration was seen among patients that were Black (OR = 1.57, p = 0.044 vs. White), obese (OR = 1.46, p = 0.048 vs. normal BMI), or stages over IIA (all stages above IIA p < 0.001 vs. IIA).
Conclusion
Findings suggest that differences in outcomes seen in Black patients may be due to reduced use of germline genetic testing, but not reduced administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Prevalence of Chronic Back Pain among Health Workers at Bashir Teaching Hospital - 2022
Authors: Abd-Elmonim Amna , Magbol Mustafa , Gafoon Ali Abubaker Ahmed , Mohammed Hajer Ahmed Ibrahim , Ali Fatima Siddig Ahmed , Osman Amal , Semaih Handel , Zeyad Mohammed Hussien 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
: Chronic back pain is defined as pain that continues for 12 weeks or longer is the second most pain reported after headache. It is a very common symptom affecting nearly everyone at certain time in their lives. Chronic back pain is a significant problem for healthcare workers as it contributes to missed participation time, disability and serious emotional issues.
Objectives
The purpose was to measure the prevalence of chronic back pain and prevalence related with speciality, gender, time spent in work and the effect on daily activities and performance among health care workers in Bashir teaching hospital.
Method
A cross sectional study using self-administered closed ended online questionnaire by google form, stratified random sampling was conducted among Bashir hospital health workers. The questionnaire collected data regarding having chronic back pain, Specialty, duration of working, working hours and affection of daily activities.
Results
Out of 171 participants, the overall prevalence of chronic back pain amounted to 72 (42.1%), prevalence in males was 38.3% while in females was 63.7%. Prevalence in doctors was 59.1%, nurses 28.7%, lab doctors 5.8%, midwifes 4.1% and pharmacist 2.3%. participants less than 24years was 24%, between 24 and 35 years was 56.1%, more than 35years 19.9%.
Conclusions
The prevalence of chronic back pain is more than 40% of the participants, doctors mostly affected while the nurses come second. female higher involved than male. CBP had rule on reduction of daily activities and psychological health aspects although most of participants had mild to moderate back pain.
Improving Survival in Sepsis: Optimizing Treatment Duration with Polymyxin-B Immobilized Hemoperfusion—A Comprehensive Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Yichang , Gao Wen , He Renbin , Zhou Jiatong , Fu Rao , Sun Zhi-Hua , Li Jia-Kai , Liu Huai-Yuan , Gong Hui , Zhang Bikui , Yan Miao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and objectives: Sepsis and septic shock are critical health emergencies with high morbidity and mortality rates, often triggered by infections. The study investigates Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion (PMX-HP) as a supplementary therapy, evaluating its efficacy in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock, and determining the optimal treatment protocol.
Methods: This study conducted a systematic review across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and several Chinese databases up to September 21, 2023. We applied strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to filter relevant studies. The evaluation employed a Bayesian random effects model within a network meta-analysis framework, utilizing Stata 17 for statistical analysis.
Results: From a total of 1,669 papers, 35 studies involving 12,844 patients were selected. Assessing the primary outcome of 28-day mortality, all PMX-HP treatments demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08–1.31). The optimal regimen, based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), was PMX-HP for 2 hours twice daily (SUCRA 0.403). Secondary outcomes included changes in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, inotropic score, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ICU-free days. The PMX-HP treatment notably improved SOFA scores in 7 studies (593 patients) with a pooled RR of 2.57 (95% CI: 2.11–3.04). For inotropic support, PMX-HP showed a pooled RR of 16.24 (95% CI: 12.76–19.71). In reducing CRP levels, shorter PMX-HP sessions (2 hours, once or twice daily) significantly reduced CRP, while the 4-hour regimen was preferred when extending treatment duration. Prolonged treatments also increased ICU-free days, with PMX-HP exceeding 4 hours showing the highest efficacy (SUCRA 0.801).
Conclusion: PMX-HP significantly enhances survival among adults with severe infections or sepsis/septic shock. The 2-hour regimen administered twice a day was particularly effective. These findings provide crucial insights for refining PMX-HP treatment strategies, highlighting its potential as a valuable adjunct therapy in managing severe sepsis.
The predictions of seven cancers burden attributed to high fasting plasma glucose from 2020 to 2030
Authors: Ye Jianming , Wang Ping , Qin Juanjuan , Lei Fang , Tang Fangfang , Lin Lijin , Zhang Xingyuan , Wang Wenxin , Liu Weifang , Chen Ze , Zhang Peng , Zhang Xiao-jing , Ji Yan-xiao , She Zhi-gang , Zeng Yong , Wang Xiangcai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
High fasting plasma glucose (High-FPG) is a major contributory but neglected factor for the risk of neoplastic transformation, progression and mortality. Estimating the global cancer burden attributable to High-FPG is essential for effective interventions.
Methods
We projected the change in the global cancer burden attributable to High-FPG from 2020 to 2030 by the Bayesian age-period-cohort model using the data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. Then we depicted the projected age-standardized rate of cancer-related death and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to High-FPG by sex, region and cancer types.
Results
Globally, the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of cancer attributable to High-FPG increased from 1990 to 2019, and will increase to 109.79 and 5.97 per 100,000 population by 2030, respectively. The ASDR and ASMR will be higher in males than females all along and positively with SDI levels. Except for the high-middle SDI regions where ASDR is expected to decline from 110.18 per 100 000 in 2020 to 100.12 per 100 000 in 2030, all other SDI regions are expected to show an upward trend. Comparing with the rapid increase in low SDI areas, the uptrends of High-FPG-related cancer burden in high SDI regions is expected to flatten from 2020 to 2030. Overall, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBLC), colon and rectum cancer (CRC), and breast cancer will still account for more than three-quarters of the total cancer burden related to High-FPG, and still be the top three among 7 cancers.
Conclusion
In the next decade, the global burden of cancer attributed to High-FPG will go on increasing progressively, and TBLC, CRC, and breast cancer will remain particularly prominent. High and high-middle SDI regions have a significantly higher burden. While this burden will increase rapidly in lower SDI regions, which further exacerbates the burden globally. Targeted and effective measures to control the burden of High-FPG-related cancer should be customized and implemented.
Impact of foregoing a nasogastric tube in robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Shyr Bor-Uei , Wang Shin-E , Shyr Bor-Shiuan , Chen Shih-Chin , Shyr Yi-Ming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Nasogastric tube (NGT) placement has been standard practice in pancreatoduodenectomy, but also questioned. This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of foregoing a NGT in robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD). A total of 906 patients undergoing RPD or open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) were included in this study for propensity score matching. Study group of RPD without a NG tube (RPD(-)NGT) was compared with those of RPD with a NG tube (RPD(+)NGT) and OPD with a NG tube (OPD(+)NGT). Each arm comprised 100 patients. The RPD groups without and with NGT had less intraoperative blood loss compared to the OPD group, with a median of 155 vs. 200 vs. 500 cc (p < 0.001) and a higher lymph node yield, with a median number of 18 vs. 15 vs. 12 (p < 0.001). The surgical outcomes were comparable among the RPD(-)NGT, RPD(+)NGT, and OPD(+)NGT groups, except for delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and length of stay (LOS). The incidence of DGE was significantly lower in the RPD without and with NGT groups than in the OPD(+)NGT group (3% vs. 4% vs. 18%, p < 0.001). The LOS was also shorter in the RPD(-)NGT group, with a median of 17 days, compared to the other two groups with NGT, 22 days and 26 days (p < 0.001). Only operation type, OPD, remained an independent risk factor for predicting the occurrence of DGE. RPD without NGT was associated with lower DGE and shorter LOS. It is feasible to forego a NGT in RPD cases without negative impact on safety.
Application and Exploration of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Assisted by Full-Process Robotics
Authors: Shi Hongxin , Rao Yu , Pu Luqiao , Qi Baochuang , He JianLin , Cheng Meng , Ren Junxiao , Tang Zhifang , Xu YongQing , Li Chuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To explore the clinical efficacy of total hip arthroplasty (THA) assisted by full-process robotics in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
Methods
Sixty-four patients were divided into two groups: the robotic-assisted group (n = 32) and the conventional group (n = 32). A retrospective study was conducted to compare the therapeutic differences between the two groups.
Results
All 64 patients underwent THA successfully, with an average follow-up time of (12.27 ± 0.17) months, and no relevant complications occurred. In the robotic-assisted group, the anteversion angle and abduction angle of the acetabular cup placement were within the safe zone, while in the conventional group, there were 4 cases outside the safe zone. The postoperative Harris score and FJS score were higher, and the VAS score was lower in the robotic-assisted group compared to the conventional group.
Conclusion
Robotic-assisted THA demonstrates advantages in intraoperative precision and postoperative efficacy in treating patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip compared to the conventional manual approach.
An artificial neural network modeling of solar drying of mint: Energy, exergy, and drying kinetics
Authors: Gülçimen Fevzi , Karakaya Hakan , Durmuş Aydın 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The energy and exergy analysis of thin-layer drying of mint leaves was performed in a forced convective solar dryer with new design solar collector. The effects of inlet airflow rates on the energy utilization ratio (EUR), energy generated by the solar air collector, exergy losses, exergy efficiency, and kinetics of drying were determined. The EUR varied between 7.45 to 87.1% and it increased when the flow rate decreased. The average exergy loss for the air with mass flow rates of 0.012, 0.026, and 0.033 kg/s was calculated as 16.2 W, 8.2 W, and 6.88 W, respectively. Unlike other studies, exergy and EUR data obtained from experimental data were modeled with an artificial neural network (ANN). The experimental data were modeled by an artificial neural network (ANN) via a feed-forward back-propagation network. The values obtained from ANN modeling were significantly closed to the experimental values. In both experimental and ANN models, EUR and exergy loss decreased with increasing airflow rate. The importance of airflow rates was promising to modify EUR and exergy losses.
Shear behaviour of different joints and its influence on fault slip rockburst using 3D printing and 3D carving
Authors: Cheng Guangtan , Zhang Ning 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Rock joints are widely distributed in rock masses, and their mechanical behaviours largely determine the strength and stability of the rock mass. The shear slip and failure along weak joints can lead to the instability of the rock mass and even induce landslides, tunnel collapses, rockbursts or other geological disasters. Thus, the study on the shear behaviours of rock joints and their influence on rockbursts is very important for the prevention of rockbursts and the safe construction of tunnels. In this paper, three types of rock joints (plaster mortar joints, marble joints and granite joints) containing the same surface are reproduced applying the 3D printing and 3D carving techniques. Shear tests of three different rock joints are performed under different normal stress levels. The shear behaviours and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of different rock joints and their influence on fault slip rockbursts are addressed. The results indicate that the sudden stick slip and violent stress drops of granite joints could release enormous amounts of energy, which is more likely to induce a fault slip rockburst. The stress drop values after the peak increase with increasing applied normal stresses, resulting in an increase in the possibility of fault slip rockbursts. Dynamic shear failure dominates in granite joints, and the corresponding AE energy rate generated during shearing is also higher than that of the other two joints, indicating that more energy is released and that fault slip rockbursts occur easily.
The prevalence and correlates of unintended pregnancy among female sex workers in South China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liang Peng , Zhao Peizhen , Shi Yijia , Huang Shujie , Wang Cheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Female sex workers (FSW) are particularly vulnerable to unintended pregnancy. Research examining the experience of unintended pregnancy due to commercial sex among Chinese FSW, however, is limited. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of unintended pregnancy due to commercial sex among FSW in China.
Methods: In 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted in five cities from Guangdong provinces in South China. Data were collected on social-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, experience of unintended pregnancy due to commercial sex and its pregnancy outcome, as well as experience of abortion in lifetime. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with unintended pregnancy.
Results: Among 1257 female sex workers, 19.3% (242/1257) of women reported having at least one unintended pregnancy due to commercial sex, 96.7% (234/242) of participants opted for induced abortion as a means for pregnancy termination. Among those women who experienced unintended pregnancy, 40.5% of individuals (98/242) reported having undergone multiple induced abortion in lifetime. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that women working in high tier (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 0.21, 95%CI: 0.14-0.30), working in current location over one year (aOR: 2.82, 95%CI: 1.71-4.64), using condoms with clients inconsistently in the past month (aOR: 0.16, 95%CI:0.10-0.23), and having more clients in the past week (aOR: 4.53, 95%CI:2.74-7.51) were more likely to experience unintended pregnancy.
Conclusions: Unintended pregnancy are prevalent among FSW in South China. Interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and enhancing post-abortion care could be necessary among Chinese FSW.
Provision of Counselling Services in Handling Psychosocial Challenges Among Students in Secondary Schools in Tanzania: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Lyimo Godrick , Mkongo Joyce , Lyakurwa Suitbert 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Secondary education represents a pivotal period in the lives of students, marked by academic pursuits, social interactions, and personal development. However, the transitional nature of adolescence can introduce a host of psychosocial challenges that, if unaddressed, may impede students' overall well-being and hinder their academic success. In the context of Tanzanian secondary schools, where the educational landscape is diverse and dynamic, understanding and effectively managing these psychosocial challenges has emerged as a critical imperative. The paper investigated the provision of counselling services in handling psychosocial challenges among students in secondary schools in Tanzania with a focus on challenges and opportunities. The participants involved students and school counsellors. Data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews. The results show that limited resources, high student-to-counsellor ratio, inadequate training and professional development among school counsellors, and the focus on academic guidance. Others include integration into educational and training policies, a holistic approach, capacity building and training, peer support programmes and collaboration with NGOs and Community-Based Organizations were the challenges and opportunities facing counselling services in handling psychosocial challenges among students in secondary schools in Tanzania. Therefore, this study recommends the conduction of regular needs assessments to understand the evolving psychosocial challenges faced by students. This information can guide the development of targeted intervention strategies and resource allocation.