bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal model of systemic sclerosis
Authors: YAMAMOTO Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractScleroderma is a fibrotic condition characterized by immunological abnormalities, vascular injury and increased accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the skin. Although the etiology of scleroderma has not yet been fully elucidated, a growing body of evidence suggests that extracellular matrix overproduction by activated fibroblasts results from a complex interaction among endothelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts, through a number of mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. For a better understanding of the pathophysiology of scleroderma, animal models are important tools. These models reproduce several histological as well as biochemical aspects of human scleroderma, and we can learn a lot through animal studies. On the other hand, it must be emphasized that studying animal models cannot answer all the problems of human scleroderma. In this review, I introduce current insights into the pathogenesis and also recent updates of therapeutic approaches using several animal models of SSc, and discuss their contribution to our understanding of the pathogenesis of, and treatments for, human scleroderma.
Overexpression of yes‐associated protein contributes to progression and poor prognosis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Yang , Dong Qianze , Zhang Qingfu , Li Zixuan , Wang Enhua , Qiu Xueshan 
Published: January 2010

Yes‐associated protein (YAP), the nuclear effector of the Hippo pathway, is a key regulator of organ size and a candidate human oncogene. This study aimed to assess the clinical significance and biological functions of YAP in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the expression of YAP in 92 cases of NSCLC tissue by immunohistochemistry and found that YAP was expressed in 66.3% (61/92) cases and predominantly presented in the nucleus. The expression of YAP in NSCLC was significantly correlated with p‐TNM stage (P = 0.0037) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0093). Importantly, YAP expression was associated with short overall survival. Further study in NSCLC cell lines in which YAP was either overexpressed or depleted confirmed that YAP markedly promoted cell proliferation and invasion. These results indicate that YAP plays an important role in NSCLC and might be a useful therapeutic target of NSCLC.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1279–1285)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Associations of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene polymorphisms with adiposity and IGF‐I activity in adolescents
Authors: Mong Janice L. Y. , Ng Maggie C. Y. , Guldan Georgia S. , Tam Claudia H. T. , Lee Heung Man , Ma Ronald C. W. , So Wing Yee , Wong Gary W. K. , Kong Alice P. S. , Chan Juliana C. N. , Waye Mary M. Y. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryObjective:  To explore the genetic effect of the GH receptor (GHR) on obesity and related metabolic parameters in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.Context:  Obesity is a growing global epidemic. Increasing evidence suggests that the GH‐IGF‐I axis plays an important role in regulating adiposity and insulin sensitivity.Design:  We examined the associations of genetic variants of GHR with serum IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels as well as obesity‐related metabolic traits in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.Patients:  Nine hundred and eighty‐one randomly selected Hong Kong Chinese adolescents from 14 schools.Measurements:  We genotyped 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at GHR and measured serum IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels as well as obesity‐related metabolic traits including fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid levels.Results:  There were significant associations between rs4410646 and the body composition (P = 0·0044) and blood pressure factor scores (P = 0·00017). Carriers of the CC genotype had lower body mass index, percentage body fat, waist and hip circumferences than AC and AA genotype carriers (P = 0·00030–0·0094). There was also association between rs7703713 and the IGF‐I activity factor score (P = 0·0033). The GA and AA carriers of rs7703713 had higher serum IGF‐I, higher serum IGFBP‐3 and higher IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 molar ratio (P = 0·00069–0·025). Haplotype analysis did not increase the significance of associations.Conclusion:  Our results support the role of GHR gene polymorphisms in modulating adiposity and IGF‐I activity in adolescents. Examination of interactions of these SNPs with lifestyle, environmental and perinatal factors may provide further insights into their long‐term effects on obesity and metabolic risks.
Clinical outcomes of persistent radioiodine uptake in the neck shown by diagnostic whole body scan in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after initial surgery and remnant ablation
Authors: Kim Eui Young , Kim Won Gu , Kim Won Bae , Kim Tae Yong , Ryu Jin‐Sook , Gong Gyungyub , Yoon Jong Ho , Hong Suck Joon , Lee Jeong Hyun , Baek Jung Hwan , Shong Young Kee 
Published: January 2010

SummaryObjectives  To evaluate the clinical outcomes of persistent radioiodine uptake (RAIU) in the neck by diagnostic whole body scan (DxWBS) after initial therapy and the efficacy of the second ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Design  Patients with DTC who underwent bilateral surgery and high‐dose remnant ablation between 2000 and 2004 were included. Patients with elevated serum stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) or extensive lateral neck lymph node involvement at initial surgery underwent a second ablation, and patients with undetectable sTg or in very low‐risk groups were observed.Results  Among 572 patients, 25 had persistent RAIU in the neck at first DxWBS. After a median 65·7 months of follow‐up, five of these patients (20%) had persistent disease, whereas another 20 patients had no abnormal findings by ultrasonography (US) or other imaging modalities. Seven of 20 patients underwent second ablation and 13 were observed. RAIU disappeared spontaneously in about half of the patients in the observation group. There were no significant between‐group differences in change of RAIU at follow‐up DxWBS (P = 0·62). Serum sTg decreased and eventually disappeared over a few years in both groups. Ablation failure was not an independent risk factor for recurrence (P = 0·169).Conclusions  Neck US and serum sTg, but not DxWBS, were useful diagnostic tools during follow‐up of patients with persistent uptake in the neck at DxWBS. A second ablation was not necessary when neck US showed no evidence of disease, especially in patients with very low sTg concentration.
The effect of oxandrolone on body proportions and body composition in growth hormone‐treated girls with Turner syndrome
Authors: Menke Leonie A. , Sas Theo C. J. , Zandwijken Gladys R. J. , De Ridder Maria A. J. , Stijnen Theo , De Muinck Keizer‐Schrama Sabine M. P. F. , Otten Barto J. , Wit Jan M. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryObjective  Untreated girls with Turner syndrome (TS) have short stature, relatively broad shoulders, a broad pelvis, short legs, a high fat mass and low muscle mass. Our objective was to assess the effect of the weak androgen oxandrolone (Ox) on body proportions and composition in growth hormone (GH)‐treated girls with TS.Design/Patients  133 patients were included in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study.Methods  Patients were treated with GH (1·33 mg/m2 per day) from baseline, combined with placebo (Pl) or Ox in a low (0·03 mg/kg per day) or previously conventional (0·06 mg/kg per day) dose from the age of eight, and oestrogens from the age of twelve. Sitting height, biacromial and biiliacal distances compared with height (i.e. shape values), BMI, waist circumference, sum of 4 skinfolds (sum4skin) and upper arm muscle area (UAMA) SD scores (SDS) were assessed half‐yearly.Results  Compared with GH + Pl, adult shape values on GH + Ox tended to be higher for sitting height (Ox 0·03, P = 0·2; Ox 0·06, P = 0·02) and biacromial distance (Ox 0·03, P = 0·2; Ox 0·06, P = 0·07) and lower for biiliacal distance (Ox 0·03, P = 0·004; Ox 0·06, P = 0·08). Sum4skin SDS tended to decrease more (Ox 0·03, P = 0·2; Ox 0·06, P = 0·005) while UAMA SDS increased more (Ox 0·03, P < 0·001; Ox 0·06, P < 0·001) than on GH + Pl. The increase in BMI and waist circumference SDS was comparable between the dosage groups.Conclusions  In GH‐treated girls with TS, Ox 0·06 increases sitting height and tends to increase biacromial distance and decrease biiliacal distance, while Ox 0·03 significantly decreases biiliacal distance compared with height. Furthermore, Ox 0·06 reduces subcutaneous fat mass, and both Ox dosages increase muscle mass.
Interaction between cigarette smoking and iodine intake and their impact on thyroid function
Authors: Cho Nam H. , Choi Hoon Sung , Kim Kyung Won , Kim Hyung‐Lae , Lee Soo‐Youn , Choi Sung Hee , Lim Soo , Park Young Joo , Park Do Joon , Jang Hak C. , Cho Bo Youn 
Published: January 2010

SummaryObjective  Several population‐based studies in iodine‐deficient areas have shown an association between smoking and thyroid function. There are no population‐based studies about the effects of smoking in iodine‐sufficient areas. We examined the effect of smoking on thyroid function and the association with iodine intake in Korea, an area with sufficient iodine intake, much more than recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).Design  Of 5018 subjects in a population‐based cohort, we included 3399 who had no history of thyroid disease were not taking thyroid medication and whose blood samples were available for measurement of thyroid function.Measurements  Thyroid function test, questionnaire about smoking status and dietary intake.Results  Of 3399 subjects, 397(11·7%) had subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Female sex was an independent risk factor for SCH. Multivariate analysis in female subjects showed the following were independent risk factors for SCH: older age, positive antithyroid peroxidase (anti‐TPO) antibody status and iodine intake, whereas current smoking was inversely related with SCH. However, in male subjects, only age showed a weak association with SCH. When the interaction between smoking and other risk factors was analysed, smoking showed no association with anti‐TPO antibody status, whereas it showed a significant negative interaction with iodine intake (odds ratio, 0·930; 95% CI, 0·869–0·996; P = 0·037). Furthermore, the risk for SCH was observed only in the never‐smoker group; however, it was abolished in current‐ and ex‐smoker groups.Conclusion  Cigarette smoking was associated with a lower prevalence of SCH in a negative interaction with iodine intake.
Hypopituitarism is uncommon after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Klose Marianne , Brennum Jannick , Poulsgaard Lars , Kosteljanetz Michael , Wagner Aase , Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla 
Published: January 2010

SummaryObjective  Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has recently been reported as a common cause of chronic hypopituitarism, and introduction of routine neuroendocrine screening has been advocated. We aimed at estimating the risk of hypopituitarism after SAH using strict criteria including confirmatory testing in case of suggested insufficiency.Design  Cross‐sectional evaluation with a nested prospective subgroup.Patients and measurements  Endocrine evaluation was performed at a median of 14 months (range 11–26) post‐SAH in 62 patients with SAH and 30 healthy controls. Twenty‐six patients were followed prospectively (median 7 days, and 12 months post‐SAH). Endocrine evaluation included baseline evaluation, which was combined with an insulin tolerance test (ITT) or, if contraindicated, GHRH + arginine tests and a standard ACTH test at evaluation 1–2 years post‐SAH. Pituitary insufficiencies were confirmed by re‐evaluation.Results  Early post‐SAH hormone alterations mimicking central hypogonadism were present in 58% of the patients and associated with a worse clinical state (P < 0·05). One to 2 years post‐SAH, initial neuroendocrine evaluation identified seven patients (11%) with abnormal results; three had free T4 and TSH suggestive of central hypothyroidism, three men had testosterone below 10 nm, and one had an insufficient GH and cortisol response to the ITT. None of these abnormalities was confirmed upon confirmatory testing.Conclusion  In the largest reported cohort of patients with SAH to date, with early and late endocrine evaluation, none of the patients had chronic hypopituitarism. Based on these findings, the introduction of routine neuroendocrine screening is not justified, and the data suggest the importance of using strict diagnostic criteria in patients with a low pretest probability of hypopituitarism.
High cortisol levels in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder during two weeks of daily sampling
Authors: Ellenbogen Mark A , Santo Jonathan B , Linnen Anne‐Marie , Walker Claire‐Dominique , Hodgins Sheilagh 
Published: January 2010

Ellenbogen MA, Santo JB, Linnen A‐M, Walker C‐D, Hodgins S. High cortisol levels in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder during two weeks of daily sampling. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 77–86. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis is compromised in major depression, bipolar disorder (BD), and in the offspring of parents with major depression. Less is known about the offspring of parents with BD (FH+). The present project provides follow‐up to a previous study showing that the adolescent (mean age 16.7 years) FH+ offspring had higher salivary cortisol levels than the offspring of parents with no mental disorder (FH−) throughout the day in their natural environment, and that girls had higher cortisol levels than boys (Ellenbogen MA, Hodgins S, Walker C‐D, Adam S, Couture S. Daytime cortisol and stress reactivity in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006; 31: 1164–1180). The goal of the present study was to determine whether FH+ offspring, approximately two years later, continued to exhibit elevated cortisol levels relative to FH− offspring during two weeks of daily sampling.Methods:  The present study examined salivary cortisol levels in 24 (18.3 ± 2.6 years) FH+ and 22 (18.0 ± 2.3 years) FH− offspring who are part of the same longitudinal cohort as the previous study. Saliva was collected at 1300h and 1500h in the natural environment of the offspring during 14 consecutive days.Results:  Multilevel modelling analyses indicated that FH+ offspring had higher afternoon levels of cortisol in their natural environment than FH− offspring, but group differences in slope and gender differences were not found.Conclusions:  The FH+ offspring exhibited increased daytime secretion of cortisol that, at the level of the group, persisted into late adolescence and young adulthood. Perhaps this change in HPA functioning is associated with an increased vulnerability for the development of an affective disorder.
Higher striatal dopamine transporters in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a SPECT study with [99mTc] TRODAT‐1
Authors: Chang Ting Ting , Yeh Tzung Lieh , Chiu Nan Tsing , Chen Po See , Huang Hsiang Yu , Yang Yen Kuang , Lee I Hui , Lu Ru Band 
Published: January 2010

Chang TT, Yeh TL, Chiu NT, Chen PS, Huang HY, Yang YK, Lee IH, Lu RB. Higher striatal dopamine transporters in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a SPECT study with [99mTc] TRODAT‐1. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 102–106. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Dopamine has been implicated in the etiology of bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to explore striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in euthymic bipolar patients.Methods:  Seventeen drug‐free euthymic bipolar patients were recruited. The availability of DAT was approximated using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [99mTc] TRODAT‐1.Results:  Compared to the controls, the euthymic bipolar patients had significantly higher availability of striatal DAT.Conclusions:  Even for patients in the euthymic state, the DAT availability is still higher than that of the controls.
The relationship between religious involvement and clinical status of patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Cruz Mario , Pincus Harold Alan , Welsh Deborah E , Greenwald Devra , Lasky Elaine , Kilbourne Amy M 
Published: January 2010

Cruz M, Pincus HA, Welsh DE, Greenwald D, Lasky E, Kilbourne AM. The relationship between religious involvement and clinical status of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 68–76. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Religion and spirituality are important coping strategies in depression but have been rarely studied within the context of bipolar disorder. The present study assessed the association between different forms of religious involvement and the clinical status of individuals treated for bipolar disorder.Methods:  A cross‐sectional observation study of follow‐up data from a large cohort study of patients receiving care for bipolar disorder (n = 334) at an urban Veterans Affairs mental health clinic was conducted. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between public (frequency of church attendance), private (frequency of prayer/meditation), as well as subjective forms (influence of beliefs on life) of religious involvement and mixed, manic, depressed, and euthymic states when demographic, anxiety, alcohol abuse, and health indicators were controlled.Results:  Multivariate analyses found significant associations between higher rates of prayer/meditation and participants in a mixed state [odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.52, chi square = 9.42, df = 14, p < 0.05], as well as lower rates of prayer/meditation and participants who were euthymic (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.72–0.99, chi square = 4.60, df = 14, p < 0.05). Depression and mania were not associated with religious involvement.Conclusions:  Compared to patients with bipolar disorder in depressed, manic, or euthymic states, patients in mixed states have more active private religious lives. Providers should assess the religious activities of individuals with bipolar disorder in mixed states and how they may complement/deter ongoing treatment. Future longitudinal studies linking bipolar states, religious activities, and treatment‐seeking behaviors are needed.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Bipolar Functional Status Questionnaire (BFSQ)
Authors: Goldberg Joseph F , McLeod Lori D , Fehnel Sheri E , Williams Valerie SL , Hamm Lynne R , Gilchrist Kim 
Published: January 2010

Goldberg JF, McLeod LD, Fehnel SE, Williams VSL, Hamm LR, Gilchrist K. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Bipolar Functional Status Questionnaire (BFSQ). Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 32–44. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Persistently impaired psychosocial functioning has been recognized in many individuals with bipolar disorder. However, existing measures of functional disability have been adapted for use in bipolar disorder based mainly on those developed for use in other conditions. The present study involved the development and validation of a new patient self‐report measure specific to bipolar disorder, the Bipolar Functional Status Questionnaire (BFSQ).Methods:  Relevant constructs were identified, evaluated, and refined through an expert advisory panel in conjunction with patient interviews. Questionnaire items were vetted through iterative patient interviews. Psychometric properties were determined based on patient responses from implementation of the proposed 33‐item questionnaire in an 11‐site study of 596 patients with bipolar disorder across varied phases of illness.Results:  Eight constructs were identified as fundamental to functional status in bipolar disorder: cognitive function, sleep, role functioning, emotional functioning, energy/vitality, social functioning, personal management, and sexual functioning. Psychometric validation supported item reduction to a 24‐item unidimensional scale, with high internal consistency (coefficient α’s = 0.93–0.95), high test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.86, 95% confidence interval = 0.82–0.89), strong convergent validity with other functional disability measures (r’s > 0.70), and highly significant discriminant validity across illness phases, with large effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 0.70).Conclusions:  The BFSQ is a psychometrically sound self‐report measure that can be used to effectively quantify functional status across different clinical states in patients with bipolar disorder.
Ten‐year diagnostic consistency of bipolar disorder in a first‐admission sample
Authors: Ruggero Camilo J , Carlson Gabrielle A , Kotov Roman , Bromet Evelyn J 
Published: January 2010

Ruggero CJ, Carlson GA, Kotov R, Bromet EJ. Ten‐year diagnostic consistency of bipolar disorder in a first‐admission sample. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 21–31. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  A number of reports have examined the stability of the diagnosis of schizophrenia, but fewer studies have considered the long‐term consistency of a bipolar diagnosis or factors that influence the likelihood of a diagnostic change. The present study sought to estimate how consistently a bipolar diagnosis was made across a 10‐year period and factors associated with consistency, particularly demographic and clinical characteristics, childhood‐related factors, and illness course.Methods:  The sample included 195 first‐admission patients presenting with psychosis who were assessed soon after hospitalization and at 6‐month, 2‐year, and 10‐year follow‐up and diagnosed with bipolar disorder on at least one of these assessments. Diagnoses were made using best‐estimate procedures and were blind to all previous consensus diagnoses. Respondents who were consistently diagnosed with bipolar disorder were compared to those whose diagnosis shifted across assessments.Results:  Overall, 50.3% (n = 98) of the 195 respondents were diagnosed with bipolar disorder at every available assessment, but 49.7% (n = 97) had a diagnostic shift to a non‐bipolar disorder at least once over the course of the 10‐year study. Childhood psychopathology and poorer illness course were among the few variables associated with increased odds of a change in diagnosis.Conclusions:  Even with optimal assessment practices, misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder is common, with complex clinical presentations often making it difficult to consistently diagnose the disorder over the long term.