bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stresses in cohesive‐frictional horizontal layer
Authors: Muravskii G.B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSelf‐weight stresses in an isotropic horizontal layer are studied using specific finite elements. In the problem, the material is assumed as non‐linear with the stress‐strain relationship of hyperbolic type and the failure stress determined by Coulomb–Mohr law. The difficulty of the problem consists in the fact that the limit stress depends itself on the unknown stress distribution, so a stress–strain equation cannot be written in an explicit form from the outset. This difficulty is avoided by the method of iteration: a suitable initial stress distribution is supposed and, knowing the material properties, the new stress distribution (appearing as a result of slow gradual weight application) can be found which is taken as the initial for the next iteration, and so on. An importance of the suggested solution consists in the possibility of further study of the layer's dynamic behavior: the found stress distribution allows determining the material properties which should be used in a non‐linear dynamic problem.
Diffraction from a three‐quarter‐plane using an abstract Babinet principle
Authors: Speck F.‐O. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe modelling of diffraction of time‐harmonic electromagnetic or acoustic waves from obstacles and screens leads to boundary value problems for the three‐dimensional Helmholtz equation with Dirichlet, Neumann, or other conditions on the boundary. A prominent example is the problem of diffraction from a quarter‐plane in ℝ3, which admits an explicit solution. In this paper the Dirichlet and Neumann problems for the three‐quarter‐plane are solved by an algebraic trick: the matricial coupling of operators associated to “dual” boundary value problems, a kind of abstract Babinet principle.
Modelling the hydrothermomechanical properties of polymers close to glass transition
Authors: Engelhard M. , Lion A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this work a model to describe the behaviour of polymers close to glass transition depending on environmental influences will be presented. The focus lies here – besides modelling influences of mechanical or thermal loads – on the moisture‐depended properties of polymers. To this end an ansatz based on thermodynamics with internal state variables will be used and enhanced. Adding a second phase – here water – to the balance equations allows under certain circumstances to achieve one single entropy inequality. Based on the Coleman & Noll type of evaluation of the Clausius‐Duhem inequality formulated for the Gibbs free energy, a thermomechanically consistent material model is derived, which is based on a series expansion of the Gibbs free energy around thermodynamic equilibrium. Now, besides constraints emanating from the second law of thermodynamics, it is possible to obtain three relations between the stress, the temperature, the internal variables and the water content on the one side and the strain, the entropy and the chemical potential of the water content on the other. Adjusting the free parameters in these relations – taking into account the remaining entropy inequality – enables inter alia sufficiently accurate reproduction of measuring data from dynamic tension tests with PA 6.
Preoperative Cholangitis and Metastatic Lymph Node Have a Negative Impact on Survival After Resection of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer
Authors: Cho Jai Young , Han Ho‐Seong , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Hwang Dae Wook , Jung Kyuwhan , Kim Ji Hoon , Kwon Yujin , Kim Haeryoung 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe significance of the presence of preoperative inflammation for the prognosis of patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer (BDCA) was evaluated.MethodsThe clinical data of 84 patients who underwent surgery for BDCA from August 2003 to May 2009 were reviewed, and survival analysis was performed. The patients were classified into two groups according to the presence of preoperative cholangitis: Group A had no cholangitis (n = 59), and group B had cholangitis (n = 25).ResultsThere were no differences in sex, mean age, TNM stage, biliary drainage, type of resection, or radicality between the two groups (p > 0.05). The 3‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates for the group B patients (21.5 and 11.9 %, respectively) were significantly lower than those for the group A patients (66.1 and 57.3 %, respectively; p = 0.013 and 0.001, respectively). The multivariate analysis showed that preoperative inflammation and lymph node metastasis were the independent prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) [p = 0.021, relative risk (RR) = 2.224 and p = 0.015, RR = 2.367, respectively] and DFS (p = 0.014; RR = 2.192 and p = 0.013; RR = 2.240, respectively). The rates of angiolymphatic and perineural invasion were higher for group B than those for group A (p = 0.016 and 0.030, respectively).ConclusionsThe presence of preoperative inflammation is an independent poor prognostic factor for OS and DFS for patients with BDCA.
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Chronology of Terrace Sediments of Siang River, Higher NE Himalaya: Comparison of Quartz and Feldspar Chronometers
Authors: Srivastava Pradeep , Misra D. K. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Four levels of terraces located along Siang River, north of Main Central Thrust at Tuting, NE Himalaya are dated using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). The dating technique is applied using (1) Blue LED stimulation on Quartz (2) Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) stimulation on Feldspar at 50 °C and (3) Infrared Stimulated Luminescence stimulation on Feldspar at an elevated temperature of 225 °C. The results indicated that the later two protocols on feldspars yielded overestimated ages that suggested incomplete bleaching of luminescence signals in feldspar. The ages derived using quartz suggested a nearly continued valley aggradation from &gt;21-8 ka with three phases of bedrock incision. The phase of aggradation coincides with a climatic transition from cold and dry Last Glacial phase to warm and wet Holocene Optimum. The bedrock incision phases centered at &lt;21 ka, ∼11 ka and ∼8 ka indicate towards major episodes of tectonic uplift in the region around Tuting.
Arsenic Exposure through Groundwater in the Middle Ganga Plain in the Varanasi Environs, India: A Future Threat
Authors: Raju N. Janardhana 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The study area covers an about 100 km2 of the middle Ganga plain in Uttar Pradesh, experiencing intensive groundwater extraction. In order to recognize the arsenic contamination zones of the Varanasi environs, sixty eight groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for major ions, iron and arsenic. Twenty one sediment samples in the four boreholes were also collected to deduce the source of arsenic in the groundwater. The preliminary survey reports for the first time indicates that part of rural and urban population of Varanasi environs are drinking and using for irrigation arsenic contaminated water mostly from hand tube wells (&lt;70 m). The study area is a part of middle Ganga plain which comprises of Quaternary alluvium consists of an alternating succession of clay, clayey silt and sand deposits. The high arsenic content in groundwater samples of the study area indicates that 14% of the samples are exceeding the 10 μg/l and 5% of the samples are exceeding 50 μg/l. The high arsenic concentration is found in the villages such as Bahadurpur, Madhiya, Bhojpur, Ratanpur, Semra, Jalilpur, Kateswar, Bhakhara and Kodupur (eastern side of Ganga River in Varanasi), situated within the newer alluvium deposited during middle Holocene to Recent. The older alluvial aquifers situated in the western side of the Ganga River are arsenic safe (maximum As concentration of 9 μg/l) though the borehole sediments shows high arsenic (mean 5.2 mg/kg) and iron content (529 mg/kg) in shallow and medium depths. This may be due to lack of reducing conditions (i.e organic content) for releasing arsenic into the groundwater. Rainfall infiltration, organic matter from recently accumulated biomass from flood prone belt in the newer alluvium plays a critical role in releasing arsenic and iron present in sediments. The main mechanism for the release of As into groundwater in the Holocene sandy aquifer sediments of Varanasi environs may be due to the reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxide present as coatings on sand grains as well as altered mica content. The high societal problems of this study will help to mitigate the severity of arsenic contamination by providing alternate drinking water resources to the people in middle Ganga plain and to arrange permanent arsenic safe drinking water source by the authorities.
Heavy Minerals and the Characters of Ilmenite in the Beach Placer Sands of Chavakkad-Ponnani, Kerala Coast, India
Authors: Nayak B. , Mohanty Sunati , Bhattacharyya P. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Indian beach placer sand deposits are, in general, ilmenite-rich. However, some concentrations are dominated by pyriboles. The Chavakkad-Ponnani (CP) area along the northern Kerala coast is one such deposit. This paper deals with the general character of the heavy minerals of CP with special emphasis on the characters of ilmenite. Most Indian beach sand ilmenites are of good quality. However, our observations on the ilmenites of CP using Optical Microscope, SEM and EPMA reveals that these are mineralogically very complex. The CP ilmenite varies from pure ilmenite to highly impure variety having intergrowths and inclusions of other oxide and silicate minerals. Ilmenite occurs as mix-crystals and forms intergrowth structure with hematite and Ti-hematite/ulvöspinel; contains inclusions of hematite, quartz, and monazite. On the other hand ilmenite also occurs as inclusions within hematite and garnet. The pyriboles are dominantly amphiboles with hornblende-composition. Interestingly an inclusion of gold has been recorded within amphibole of hornblende composition. Garnets are mostly of almandine and pyrope type. Subordinate heavy minerals are sillimanite, zircon and rutile. Characteristic morphology, mineralogy and chemistry of amphibole, garnet and ilmenite together indicate that the placer sands of CP area are derived from the amphibolites, granite gneisses and basic igneous rocks lying in the hinterland towards the eastern border of Kerala. Though the overall quality of ilmenite is poor, high-grade ilmenite concentrate can be generated (of course with lower yield), by adopting precise mineral processing techniques. The CP deposit can be considered as a second-grade deposit but it has potential for future exploitation.
Seamount Subduction and Rupture Characteristics of the March 11, 2011, Tohoku Earthquake
Authors: Kundu Bhaskar , Gahalaut V. K. , Catherine J. K. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We suggest that the spatial location of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake rupture and slip distribution on it was strongly influenced by the subduction of seamount chains. Subduction of seamounts across the Japan trench caused weak coupling on the plate interface which acted as barriers to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake rupture and thus delimited it.
Oncosuppressive role of p53‐induced miR‐205 in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Piovan Claudia , Palmieri Dario , Di Leva Gianpiero , Braccioli Luca , Casalini Patrizia , Nuovo Gerard , Tortoreto Monica , Sasso Marianna , Plantamura Ilaria , Triulzi Tiziana , Taccioli Cristian , Tagliabue Elda , Iorio Marilena V. , Croce Carlo M. 
Published: April 2012

An increasing body of evidence highlights an intriguing interaction between microRNAs and transcriptional factors involved in determining cell fate, including the well known “genome guardian” p53. Here we show that miR‐205, oncosuppressive microRNA lost in breast cancer, is directly transactivated by oncosuppressor p53.Moreover, evaluating miR‐205 expression in a panel of cell lines belonging to the highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, which still lacks an effective targeted therapy and characterized by an extremely undifferentiated and mesenchymal phenotype, we demonstrated that this microRNA is critically down‐expressed compared to a normal‐like cell line. Re‐expression of miR‐205 where absent strongly reduces cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and clonogenic potential in vitro, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo, and this tumor suppressor activity is at least partially exerted through targeting of E2F1, master regulator of cell cycle progression, and LAMC1, component of extracellular matrix involved in cell adhesion, proliferation and migration.
Fear Avoidance Beliefs Predict Disability in Older Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Camacho‐Soto Alejandra , Sowa Gwendolyn A. , Perera Subashan , Weiner Debra K. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesTo determine whether fear avoidance beliefs (FABs) in older adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP) are significantly associated with gait speed decline and/or self‐report of greater disability.DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingAn academic medical center (single site).ParticipantsTwo hundred English‐speaking participants aged 65 years and older with CLBP every day or almost every day of moderate or greater intensity for ≥3 months.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe physical activity portion of the FAB questionnaire assessed FABs. Disability was measured with gait speed and the Roland Morris Questionnaire. Covariates measured included age, gender, body mass index, chronic disease (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), and pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form).ResultsFABs were significantly associated with the Roland Morris Questionnaire (P < .0001) and gait speed (P = .002) after controlling for all covariates.ConclusionFABs related to physical activity in older adults with CLBP were significantly associated with both self‐reported and performance‐based disability after controlling for known confounders. Previous studies have reported similar associations between self‐reported measures of disabling back pain and FABs. Ours is the first study to examine the relationship between FAB and gait speed, a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality. Future work should examine whether targeting fear avoidance in addition to other psychosocial measures in older adults with CLBP improves gait speed and functional independence.
Coexistence of rhinoscleroma with Rosai–Dorfman disease: is rhinoscleroma a cause of this disease?
Authors: Kumari J O 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Rhinoscleroma and Rosai–Dorfman disease have been reported to coexist in the same patient at different sites. Rosai–Dorfman disease may have an aetiological relationship with rhinoscleroma, although this has not yet been proved.Case report:A case of a 42-year-old woman with recurrent nasal masses is presented, with histopathological proof of both conditions coexisting in the same nasal lesion.Discussion:The aetiopathology, clinical features and treatment of both diseases are discussed and a literature survey is reported. Histologically, the presence of Mikulicz cells with entrapped, rod-like, Gram-negative bacilli and Russell bodies suggests rhinoscleroma. Emperipolesis and S-100-positive histiocytes confirm the diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease. The presence of both in the same slides from affected tissues has never been demonstrated before. In the light of this evidence, the author believes that rhinoscleroma must be considered in the aetiology of Rosai–Dorfman disease.
Patient Journey: Implications for Improving and Integrating Care for Older Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Jackson Karen , Oelke Nelly D. , Besner Jeanne , Harrison Alexandra 
Published: April 2012

RÉSUMÉBeacoup de patients, surtout les patients plus âgés, interagissent avec fournisseurs multiples, tout en avant accès aux services des soins de santé dans une variété de milieux divers pendants longues périodes. Comprendre les expériences des patients plus âgés pendant leurs voyages à travers le système de santé est essentielle pour améliorer l’intégration des services et la qualité des soins. Dans cette étude, nous avons résumé les expériences de quatre patients vivant avec la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique en interaction avec le système des soins de santé pendant une période de trois mois après la sortie de l’hôpital. Guidé par la méthodologie d’étude de cas, on a réunis les données par le biais des entretiens semi-structurés et des journaux de patients. Trois grands thèmes - le soutien social, la navigation à travers le système, et l’accès aux soins – ont émergé à partir des données. L’attention à la communication entre fournisseur-patient et prestataire-fournisseur, ainsi que le soutien social du patient, et les besoins des soins auto-administrés, pourraient améliorer l’intégration et les résultats des soins. Pour réaliser de ce que les patients perçoivent comme une système integrée et efficace, il faudra du temps et de l’engagement.
Social networks and HCV viraemia in anti-HCV-positive rural drug users
Authors: YOUNG A. M. , JONAS A. B. , HAVENS J. R. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYAlthough social networks are known to play an important role in drug-using behaviours associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, literature on social networks and HCV is inconsistent. This exploratory study examined HCV RNA distribution within a social network of anti-HCV-positive non-medical prescription opioid users (NMPOUs) in rural Appalachia. Participants were tested serologically for HCV RNA, and behavioural, demographic, and network data were collected using interview-administered questionnaires. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. Behavioural and demographic characteristics did not differ by RNA status. In the multivariate model, recent injecting drug users (IDUs) were more likely to be RNA positive [odds ratio (OR) 4·06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·04–15·83], and turnover into an IDU's drug network was significantly protective (OR 0·15, 95% CI 0·03–0·75). This is the first study to date to examine HCV distribution in rural NMPOUs from a network perspective and demonstrates that network characteristics significantly contribute to the epidemiology of HCV in this understudied, high-risk population.
Pricing futures by deterministic methods
Authors: Pironneau Olivier 
Published: April 2012

In this article we will focus on only a small part of financial mathematics, namely the use of partial differential equations for pricing futures. Even within this narrow range it is hard to be systematic and complete, or even to do better than existing books such as Wilmott, Howison and Dewynne (1995), Achdou and Pironneau (2005), or software manuals such as Lapeyre, Martini and Sulem (2010). So this article may be valuable only to the extent that it reflects ten years of teaching, conferences and interaction with the protagonists of financial mathematics.Also, because the theory of partial differential equations is not always well known, we have chosen a pragmatic approach and left out the details of the theory or the proofs of some results, and refer the reader to other books. The numerical algorithms, on the other hand, are given in detail.
Social support on international assignments: The relevance of socioemotional support from locals
Authors: Podsiadlowski Astrid , Vauclair Christin‐Melanie , Spiess Erika , Stroppa Christina 
Published: April 2012

The first author received funding from the Commission of the European Communities as a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant (FP/‐PEOPLE‐2007‐4‐3‐IRG) under grant agreement number PIRG02‐GA‐224818 for data analysis and write‐up. We want to thank our anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, and Ruth Lamont and Jaimee Stuart for their help with the preparation of the manuscript.Social support takes on a special significance in the context of sojourners. Using the matching/specificity hypothesis we hypothesized that sojourners’ satisfaction is increased if there is an optimal match between type and source of social support. The Index of Sojourner Social Support (ISSS; Ong &Ward, 2005) Scale was used to examine this hypothesis in the context of instrumental and socioemotional support for sojourners on work assignments. The results showed that (a) both types of social support are positively related to satisfaction with the sojourn, (b) socioemotional support is more important in predicting satisfaction with a sojourn than instrumental support, and (c) support from locals is the most important source of social support. Furthermore, we found partial support for the matching/specificity hypothesis: Only the amount of support from locals was a significant moderator and only the relationship between socioemotional support and satisfaction with a sojourn was moderated. We discuss the relevance of source and type of support for cultural adjustment and the importance of contact with locals during international sojourns.
Enzymatic identification of the load-bearing boundary lubricant in the joint.
Authors: Hills B A , Monds M K 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Bovine articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF) were co-incubated with one of three enzymes selected to destroy each of the three major contenders for the active ingredient imparting such remarkable load-bearing lubrication to the normal joint. Destroying hyaluronic acid (HA), alias hyaluronan, with hyaluronidase, both frictional and wear tests displayed no significant change in accordance with most previous studies of SF alone. Destroying surface-active phospholipid (SAPL) with phospholipase A2, there was a highly significant dose-dependent compromise of lubrication as recorded on both tests. Trypsin produced a somewhat surprising result in that lubrication of the cartilage actually improved. This result can be interpreted as indicating that lubricin is not the lubricant per se, but, as a water-soluble, macromolecular, proteinaceous carrier for phospholipid, its destruction caused more SAPL to be deposited as the true load-bearing lubricant. These results are discussed in the context that SAPL, lubricin and HA each have specific roles in a comprehensive lubrication system.
Structuralism Without Structures
Authors: HELLMAN GEOFFREY 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Recent technical developments in the logic of nominalism make it possible to improve and extend significantly the approach to mathematics developed in Mathematics without Numbers. After reviewing the intuitive ideas behind structuralism in general, the modal-structuralist approach as potentially class-free is contrasted broadly with other leading approaches. The machinery of nominalistic ordered pairing (Burgess-Hazen-Lewis) and plural quantification (Boolos) can then be utilized to extend the core systems of modal-structural arithmetic and analysis respectively to full, classical, polyadic third- and fourthorder number theory. The mathenatics of many structures of central importance in functional analysis, measure theory, and topology can be recovered within essentially these frameworks.
Space, Number and Structure: A Tale of Two Debates
Authors: SHAPIRO STEWART 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Around the turn of the century, Poincare and Hilbert each published an account of geometry that took the discipline to be an implicit definition of its concepts. The terms ‘point’, ‘line’, and ‘plane’ can be applied to any system of objects that satisfies the axioms. Each mathematician found spirited opposition from a different logicist—Russell against Poincare' and Frege against Hilbert— who maintained the dying view that geometry essentially concerns space or spatial intuition. The debates illustrate the emerging idea of mathematics as the science of structure. The article closes with some remarks on structuralist and nonstructuralist themes in Frege's own development of arithmetic.