bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of J blood group activities in lipid and non‐lipid fractions of organs and body fluids of cattle
Authors: Thiele Otto Wolfgang , Froneberg Brigitte , Koch Johannes 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTotal lipids and protein‐containing residues obtained after lipid extraction from various organs and body fluids of J‐positive cattle were tested for J activity in the bovine J blood group system. Polar lipids prepared by column chromatography of total lipids, which contain predominantly neutral lipids, were also tested. Total lipids (or polar lipids, respectively) were analysed for lipid phosphorus, lipid sugar, and hexosamine. Both lipids and non‐lipid fractions of brain, myocardium, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue show no J activity. The lipids of urinary bladder epithelium, spleen, liver, and kidney are J‐positive, whereas their non‐lipid fractions are J‐negative. Both the lipids and the non‐lipid fractions of seminal plasma, spermatozoa, and faeces are J‐active. The lipids extracted from hair show no J activity, while those of cornea and eyelens are J‐active. The high amount of glycolipids from seminal plasma, spermatozoa and spleen stimulates further studies of these lipids.
Erythrocyte oxidized glutathione in Australian Merino sheep
Authors: Board P. G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe concentration of GSSG was determined in the erythrocytes of Merino sheep. These sheep were grouped according to erythrocyte potassium type, haemoglobin type, and GSH type. It was found that haemoglobin and potassium type were not correlated with GSSG concentration; however, GSSG concentration was found to be significantly correlated with GSH concentration. This relationship may explain previously reported differences in ATPase activity and may reflect further metabolic differences in the erythrocytes of GSH‐high and GSH‐low type Merino sheep.
Haemoglobin and transferrin polymorphism in the Muzaffarnagri breed ofsheep and its crosses with Corriedale
Authors: Sharma S. K. , Bhat Pran P. , Bhat P. N. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAllelic frequencies for haemoglobins and transferrins in the Muzaffarnagri breed of sheep have been reported. All the three haemoglobin types were recorded. Seven transferrin phenotypes, TfAB, TfAD, TfBB, TfBC, TfBD, TfBE and TfDD, were observed. The gene frequencies for TfA, TfB, TfC, TfD and TfE were 0.032, 0.330, 0.001, 0.620 and 0.010, respectively.
Genetic polymorphism of eserine resistant esterases in canine plasma*
Authors: Sugiura Shuji , Tanabe Yuichi , Ota Katuaki 
Published: August 2010

SummarySix plasma eserine resistant esterase phenotypes were observed in a population of 1438 dogs consisting of 38 breeds. Analysis of parentage records of the dogs examined revealed that the phenotypic variation of eserine resistant esterases was controlled by 3 codominant alleles EsA, EsBand EsCat one autosomal locus. The gene frequency of EsBwas high in most of the breeds examined. Allele EsCwas only seen in 5 Japanese native breeds, Akita, Shikoku, Hokkaido, Shinshu‐Shiba and Mino‐Shiba, and in a Spitz dog. Allele EsAhas a low frequency in Japanese breeds but a higher frequency in some of the European breeds tested.
A new allele in the prealbumin system of horse serum markers
Authors: Trommershausen‐Smith Ann , Suzuki Yoshiko 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA family study of an index case in the Arabian breed of horses demonstrated the presence of a new allele in the prealbumin (Pr) system of electrophoretically determined markers in horse serum which, when homozygous, results in the absence of any recognizable zones in the Pr region. The symbol Pr is proposed for this allele which has an estimated frequency in Arabian horses of 0.09.
Immunogenetic studies on wild pigs in Japan
Authors: Kurosawa Y. , Oishi T. , Tanaka K. , Suzuki S. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe variations of blood groups in the two subspecies of wild pigs in Japan (Sus scrofa leucomystax and S.s. riukiuarus) were investigated by serological techniques. S.s. leucomystax showed polymorphism in the A and F systems. S.s. riukiuanus showed a little polymorphism in the F system only. As a whole, there was a great similarity in erythrocyte antigen structures of both S.s. leucomystax and S.s. riukiuanus. In comparison with the erythrocyte antigen frequenties of wild pigs in the Eurasian Continent reported by other workers, East‐West geographical clines in the frequencies of Ee, Fa, Ga, Ka, Kb and Lh antigens were clearly observed. From the results of investigation on genetic similarities among seven wild pig populations, it was made clear that the two Japanese strains were very close and were closer to Far Eastern (S.s. ussuricus) than Middle Asian (S.s. nigripes), Transcausian (S.s. attila) and European pigs (S.s. ferus).
Genetic polymorphism and close linkage of two α1‐protease inhibitors in horse serum
Authors: Juneja R. Kumar , Gahne Bo , Sandberg Kaj 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo‐dimensional electrophoretic analysis of horse serum proteins was done by a first‐dimension separation in agarose gel (pH 5.4) followed by a second‐dimension separation in horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0). This method resulted in improved and reproducible separation of many α‐globulins. Two groups of aj‐globulins, designated Pi1 and Pi2, were found to be protease inhibitors. Preliminary studies indicated that Pi1 and Pi2 proteins differed from each other in molecular weight and in protease inhibiting spectra. Extensive polymorphism was observed for both these proteins. Family data supported the hypothesis that Pi1 and Pi2 types were controlled by autosomal codominant alleles. For both Pi1 and Pi2 systems, most of the homozygous types showed two fractions each while the heterozygous types had 4 fractions. Six Pi1 and five Pi2 alleles were observed in two breeds of Swedish horses. Complete genetic linkage was observed for Pi1 and Pi2 loci as no recombinant type was observed in 40 informative matings studied.
Immunogenetic and population genetic analyses of Iberian cattle
Authors: Kidd K. K. , Stone W. H. , Crimella C. , Carenzi C. , Casati M. , Rognoni G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBlood samples were collected from more than 100 animals in each of 2 Spanish cattle breeds (Retinto and De Lidia), 2 Portuguese breeds (Alentejana and Mertolenga), and American Longhorn cattle. All samples for the 4 Iberian breeds were tested for 20 polymorphic systems; American Longhorn were tested for 19 of the 20. For each breed an average inbreeding coefficient was estimated by a comparison of the observed and expected heterozygosity at 7 or 8 codominant systems tested. All breeds had positive values but only 3 breeds had estimates of inbreeding that were statistically significantly different from 0: De Lidia with f̄= 0.17, Retinto with f̄= 0.08 and Mertolenga with f = 0.05. The De Lidia breed especially may be suffering from inbreeding depression since this high value is greater than expected if all of the animals were progeny of half‐sib matings. Genetic distances were calculated from the gene frequency data on these 5 breeds plus 9 other European breeds. Analyses of these distances show a closely related group of the 4 Iberian breeds and American Longhorn, confirming the close relationships among the Iberian breeds and the Iberian, probably Portuguese, origin of American Longhorn cattle.
Nature of the heterogeneity within genetic variants of bovine serum transferrin
Authors: Maeda K. , McKenzie H. A. , Shaw D. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA comparison is made of the four main components of an homozygous variant (A or D2, D2) of bovine serum transferrin. These are designated I‐IV in order of increasing mobility in electrophoresis at pH 7.5. Components I, II, HI and IV have 2,2,3 and 3 residues of sialic acid per transferrin molecule and appear to correspond to components 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b respectively of Stratil & Spooner (1971). The difference between components I and II and between III and IV does not reside in sialic acid differences. On the basis of peptide maps of reduced carboxami‐domethylated components, urea‐starch gel electrophoresis and quantitative sequence studies, it is concluded that components II and IV have a scission in the peptide chain. By homology with the sequence of MacGillivray et al. (1977) for human serum transferrin it is suggested that the scission occurs between residues 55 and 54 from the C‐terminus and this portion of the chain has a ‘molecular’ weight of ca. 6000. The implications are briefly discussed.
Variation of acidic prealbumins in the donkey (Equus asinus)
Authors: Braend M. , Romagnoli A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryStarch gel electrophoresis of 55 donkey serum samples revealed three prealbumin (Pr) phenotypes temporarily designated PrM, PrMT and PrT. The distribution was in agreement with a genetic theory of two codominant alleles of frequencies, PrM= 0.87 and PrT= 0.13. Variation was also observed for proteins migrating with the same rate as the Xh zones in the horse.
Chemical classification of cattle. 2. Phylogenetic tree and specific status of the Zebu
Authors: Manwell Clyde , Baker C. M. Ann 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPhylogenetic trees for the ten major breed groups of cattle were constructed by Farris's (1972) maximum parsimony method, or Fitch & Margoliash's (1967) method, which averages ou the deviation over the entire assemblage. Both techniques yield essentially identical trees. The phylogenetic tree for the ten major cattle breed groups can be superimposed on a map of Europe and western Asia, the root of the tree being close to the ‘fertile crescent’ in Asia Minor, believed to be a primary centre of bovine domestication.For some but not all protein variants there is a cline of gene frequencies as one proceeds from the British Isles and northwest Europe towards southeast Europe and Asia Minor, with the most extreme gene frequencies in the Zebu breeds of India. It is not clear to what extent the observed clines are primary or secondary, i.e., consequent to the initial migrations of cattle towards the end of the Pleistocene or consequent to the many migrations of man with his domesticated cattle. Such clines as exist are not in themselves sufficient to prove either selection versus genetic drift or to establish taxonomic ranking. Contrary to some suggestions in the literature, the biochemical evidence supports Linnaeus's original conclusions:Bos taurusandBos indicusare distinct species.
Comparative aspects of biochemical polymorphism in the blood of Caprinae species and their hybrids
Authors: Tucker E. M. , Clarke S. W. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBiochemical variation at 14 blood loci was reviewed, and specific features compared experimentally in sheep Ovis aries, mouflon Ovis musimon, goat Capra hircus, aoudad Ammotragus lervia and in 2 stillborn aoudad × goat hybrids. Variation at 3 loci was also studied in dall sheep Ovis dalli, bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis and rocky mountain goat Oreamnos americanus. Haemoglobin C production in an anaemic Hb AB mouflon and in mouflon × sheep hybrids was examined. Mouflon differ from domestic sheep in that synthesis of both Hb βAHb βBchains is switched off during Hb C production. The mouflon × sheep hybrids switched off one or both chains depending on whether they had inherited sheep or mouflon Hb β chain genes. In general aoudad showed a closer affinity to goats than to sheep.
Frequencies of transferrin types in various breeds of domestic dogs
Authors: Juneja R. Kumar , Christensen Knud , Andresen Erik , Gahne Bo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPlasma transferrin (Tf) types in dogs were studied by a method of horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a 10 % separation gel and a discontinuous buffer system (Tris‐citrate‐borate, pH 9.0). Samples were analysed from 1127 dogs belonging to 60 different breeds. TfB and Tfc alleles, each in considerably high frequency, were observed in most of the breeds. TfA with relatively lower frequency was observed in Beagle, Cocker Spaniel, Doberman Pinscher, German Shepherd, German Shorthaired Pointer, Old Danish Pointer and Poodle. Two rare Tf alleles, TfD and the other designated as TfE, were observed only in Cocker Spaniel and in Poodle respectively. Basenji (44 samples) and Small Münsterlander (17 samples) showed the highest frequency (0.97) for TfC allele while Carelian Bear Dog (19 samples) showed the highest frequency (0.97) for TfB allele. In the total material, the frequencies of Tf alleles A, B, C, D and E were found to be 0.0182, 0.5075, 0.4716, 0.0009 and 0.0018 respectively. By using the observed and expected numbers of Tf heterozygotes, the average inbreeding coefficient (F) within breeds was estimated to be 0.14. Six samples of wolf (Canis lupus L.) studied seemed to be of Tf B type. The present study, along with earlier reports, showed that some of the plasma proteins and enzymes (albumin, transferrin, eserine resistant esterase) exhibit considerably more polymorphism than that reported for hemoglobin and some of the red cell and tissue enzymes in the domestic dog.
Genetic control and population survey of transferrin in the Japanese quail
Authors: Ito Shin‐ichi , Asano Hiroyuki , Hanai Hiroshi , Ishikawa Keiko , Kimura Masao , Isogai Iwahiro 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTransferrin types in the Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica are controlled by a single autosomal locus Tf with at least two codominant alleles TfB and Tfc. The frequencies of TfB and Tfc in a commercial population of the domestic quail were 1.00 and 0.00, respectively.Previous studies demonstrated that in the domestic populations of the Japanese quail three electrophoretic patterns AB, B and BC existed in egg white conalbumin and that the electrophoretic variation of conalbumin occurred in parallel with that of serum transferrin. Furthermore, from the preliminary mating experiments the transferrin‐conalbumin variation was proposed to be under the control of at least two codominant alleles 77s and Tfc at an autosomal locus (Kimura et al., 1977, 1978).The present study was designed (1) to report a large amount of family data from three generations in order to support the previously published hypothesis on genetic control of electrophoretic patterns of transferrin, and (2) to survey the gene constitution of transferrin in a commercial population of the domestic quail.Sera were added with iron, heated for 5 min at 65°C (Stratil, 1967), then were investigated by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Hydrolysed starch from Connaught Medical Laboratories, Toronto, was used. A discontinuous citrate/Tris/LiOH/borate buffer system (pH 8.0) of Ferguson & Wallace (1961) was employed. The gels were stained with Amido Black 10B.
Liver aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase genetics in the mouse
Authors: Holmes Roger S. , Leijten Lynette R. , Duley John A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA ‘null’ activity variant for the major liver isozyme of aldehyde oxidase (AOX‐1) in adult male mice and an electrophoretically distinct, high activity variant of the second liver isozyme (AOX‐2) were used to examine the segregation of the genetic loci encoding these enzymes (Aox‐1 and Aox‐2 respectively) in breeding studies. A single recombinant between these loci was observed among the 147 backcross progeny examined, which confirms a previous report (Holmes, 1979) for close linkage and genetic distinctness of the two loci. An activity variant for mouse liver xanthine oxidase (XOX) is also reported which behaved as though controlled by codominant alleles at a single locus (designated Xox‐1). Genetic analyses showed that the Xox‐1 locus segregated independently of the multiple‐A ox loci.
‘Malic enzyme’ polymorphism in sheep erythrocytes
Authors: Yaman K. , Tucker E. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryMalic enzyme or malate dehydrogenase (NADP +). E.C.I.I.I.40. catalyses the reaction:L‐malate + NADP⇄2 pyruvate + CO2+ NADPHBaker & Manwell (1977), in a survey of a number of different enzymes reported that ‘malic enzyme’ was polymorphic in the erythrocytes and certain other tissues of sheep, and indicated that it would be a potentially useful new genetic marker for this species. This paper confirms the existence of the polymorphism in sheep erythrocytes and presents inheritance and breed data.
The location of structural difference between ovotransferrin types A and B in hens
Authors: Rashid A. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA comparison of ovotransferrin types A and B showed that in starch gel electrophoresis both types consisted of one major and one minor component. Both types have a similar amino acid composition as do the fragments from each type. Starch gel electrophoresis shows that the cause of the difference in the elec‐trophoretic mobilities between ovotransferrin types A and B lies in the C‐termi‐nal half of the molecule. No physiological difference was found between types A and B, both types donate iron to chicken embryo red cells at equal rate.
Serological and genetic identification of a bovine B lymphocyte alloantigen system
Authors: Newman M. J. , Adams T. E. , Brandon M. R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA two‐colour fluorescence micro cytotoxicity test was used to screen antisera for antibodies specific for bovine B lymphocytes. A total of 114 cattle alloantisera were screened against peripheral blood lymphocytes from 100 unrelated individuals. Anti‐B lymphocyte activity was detected in 47 antisera. Cytotoxic antibodies to antigens other than B lymphocyte specific antigens were removed by absorbing the antisera with buffy coat cells or platelets isolated from whole blood. Selected antisera were used to type paternal half‐sib families. The presence of a polymorphic, MHS‐linked antigen system on B lymphocytes was demonstrated. The tissue distribution and MHS linkage of these antigens suggests this system is analogous to the class II or Ia antigens of other species.
Interaction of the B locus and the GVHR‐selected lines in the graft‐versus‐host reaction in chickens
Authors: Okada Ikuo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGenetic differences affecting the degree of splenomegaly in the graft‐versus‐host reaction (GVHR) of chickens were studied. Two B genotypes, B9B9 and B11B11, and two GVHR‐selected lines, H and L, were examined. The degree of splenomegaly of B9 B9→ B11B11 was significantly higher than that of B11B11→ B9B9 for all line combinations. In contrast, the inoculation of H into L gave consistently higher splenomegaly than that of L into H. This suggested that the effects of B locus were higher in hosts than in donors, while those of the GVHR‐selected lines were higher in donors than in hosts.The analysis of variance revealed that both the differences between the reciprocal combination of B genotypes and between the GVHR line combinations were statistically highly significant. Furthermore, the interaction of B genotypes and GVHR lines was also highly significant.
Correlated responses of chickens to selection for production of antibodies to sheep erythrocytes
Authors: Siegel P. B. , Gross W. B. , Cherry J. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA bi directional selection experiment was conducted to measure 5‐day antibody titers to sheep erythrocytes in White Leghorn chickens. There was an immediate response to selection with significant differences between lines for the selected trait found in the S1and all subsequent generations. Comparisons of S6, S7and S8generation females revealed differences between lines in disease resistance and in certain reproductive traits such as age at first egg, percentage hen‐day egg production, percentage fertility and duration of fertility. The implications of these correlated responses are important to selection programs for general disease resistance.
Genetic linkage between the loci for phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and a serum protein (Xk) in horses
Authors: Anderson Leif , Kumar Juneja R. , Sandberg Kaj 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGenetic linkage between the equine loci for phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and serum Xk protein was demonstrated by means of segregation data from three sire families. The recombination frequency was estimated from pooled data to be 0.23 ± 0.02; a significant heterogeneity between sires for estimates of the recombination frequency was observed. No indication of linkage was detected between Xk and 14 other blood marker loci. Linkage between the Xk locus and the locus for soluble malic enzyme (ME1) has recently been reported in horses. An equine linkage group designated LG IV comprising the three loci ME1, PH1, and Xk has thus been established. The possibility that the linkage between PH1 and Xk is homologous to the linkage between the loci for PHI and a serum postalbumin (PO‐2) in pigs was discussed.
Breeding for immune responsiveness and disease resistance1
Authors: S. Gavora Jan , Lloyd Spencer J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAnimal production efficiency, and product volume and quality can be greatly increased by reducing disease losses. Genetic variation, a prerequisite for successful selection, has been found in animals and poultry exposed to a variety of viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Breeding for disease resistance can play a significant role alone or in combination with other control measures including disease eradication, vaccination and medication.Feasibility of simultaneously improving resistance to specific diseases and production traits has been demonstrated. However, selection for specific resistance to all diseases of animals and poultry is impossible. Development of general disease resistance through indirect selection primarily on immune response traits may be the best long‐term strategy but its applicability is presently limited by insufficient understanding of resistance mechanisms. Another hindrance may be negative genetic correlations among various immune response functions: phagocytosis, cell mediated and humoral immunity. To better assess the feasibility of increasing general disease resistance by indirect selection we must obtain estimates of heritability for immune response, disease resistance, and economic production traits, as well as genetic correlations among these traits.The present level of disease resistance in farm animals resulted from natural selection and from correlated responses to selection for production traits while the influence of artificial selection for resistance was minimal. Future research should be directed towards developing and applying breeding techniques that will increase resistance to diseases without compromising production efficiency and product quailty. This will require cooperation of immunogeneticists, veterinarians and animal and poultry breeders. Significant progress in the improvement of resistance to diseases may result from the application of new techniques of molecular genetics and cell manipulation.
FV blood group and haemoglobin type versus haematological and blood chemical parameters in young Swiss bulls
Authors: Stämpfli G. , P. Ittig H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA relationship between the FV blood group phenotype and 4 out of 45 haematological and blood chemical parameters — red cell number, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and serum iron — has been demonstrated in young bulls of three Swiss cattle breeds. There was also a relationship between haemoglobin type and 7 out of 45 haematological and blood chemical parameters (haemoglobin concentration, red cell number, MCV, MCHC and red cell concentrations of K+ and Na+ and their sum). In addition to expanding the species in which there is an effect of haemoglobin phenotype on MCV to include cattle, these data also demonstrate a significant correlation between their FV phenotype and MCV.