bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh gain AlGaN/GaN high energy radiation detectors
Authors: Howgate J. D. , Hofstetter M. , Schoell S. J. , Schmid M. , Schäfer S. , Zizak I. , Hable V. , Greubel C. , Dollinger G. , Thalhammer S. , Stutzmann M. , Sharp I. D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDue to its remarkable tolerance to high energy ionizing radiation, GaN has recently attracted attention as a promising material for dosimetry applications. However, materials issues that lead to persistent photoconductivity, poor sensitivity, and requirements for large operational voltages have been hurdles to realization of the full potential of this material. Here we demonstrate that the introduction of a two‐dimensional electron gas channel, through the addition of AlGaN/GaN heterointerfaces, can be used to create intrinsic amplification of the number of electrons that can be collected from single ionization events, yielding exceptionally large sensitivities in ultralow dose rate regimes. Furthermore, anomalous photo‐responses, which severely limit response times of GaN‐based devices, can be eliminated using these heterostructures. Measurements using focused monochromatic synchrotron radiation at 1–20 keV, as well as focused 20 MeV protons, reveal that these devices provide the capability for high sensitivity and resolution real time monitoring, which is competitive with and complementary to state‐of‐the‐art detectors. Therefore, AlGaN/GaN heterostructure devices are extremely promising for future applications in fields ranging from high energy physics to medical imaging.
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 5/2012
Authors: Świetlik Roman 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe 9th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets (ISCOM 2011) was held from September 25 until September 30, 2011, in the city of Gniezno. Gniezno has a peculiar importance for Polish people – it was the first capital of Poland in the 10th century. ISCOM 2011 follows an already long‐lasting series of previous meetings organized in Mittelberg (Austria, 1995), Sesimbra (Portugal, 1997), Oxford (United Kingdom, 1999), Rusutsu (Japan, 2001), Port‐Bourgenay (France, 2003), Key West (USA, 2005), Peniscola (Spain, 2007), and Niseko (Japan, 2009). ISCOM 2011 was organized by the Institute of Molecular Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Committee of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences.Traditionally, each symposium of the ISCOM series is the preeminent forum for interdisciplinary discussions of chemistry, physics, materials science and technology of crystalline molecular solids, including the following main topics:– Synthesis of New Molecules and Molecular Materials– Physics of Low Dimensional Metals and Superconductors– Electron Correlations in Molecular Materials– Molecular Magnetism– Functional Materials– Organic Thin Films and Devices– Organic Molecular Nanoscience– Field‐ and Photo‐induced Phenomena– Theory, Modeling and ComputationAbout 170 scientists from the following 18 countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, UK, USA attended ISCOM 2011. During the symposium 16 invited lectures, 60 oral contributions and about 80 posters were presented. The ISCOM 2011 participants have focused on many hot scientific problems of organic conductors: metal–insulator transitions, nature of the Mott insulating state, charge ordering phenomena, mechanisms of superconductivity, quantum spin liquids, hybrid magnetic conductors, electronic ferroelectricity, and others.We would like to thank all participants and the members of the International Advisory Committee for great contributions and many helpful advices.On behalf of the Organizing Committee (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantitative Horizon Scanning for Mitigating Technological Surprise: Detecting the Potential for Collaboration at the Interface
Authors: Priebe Carey E. , Solka Jeffrey L. , Marchette David J. , Bryant Avory C. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract‘The identification of potential breakthroughs before they happen’ is a vague data analysis problem and ‘the scientific literature’ is a massive, complex dataset. Hence QHS for MTS might seem to be prototypical of the data miner's lament: ‘Here's some data we have… can you find something interesting?’ Nonetheless, the problem is real and important, and we develop an innovative statistical approach thereto—not a final etched‐in‐stone approach, but perhaps the first complete quantitative methodology explicitly addressing QHS for MTS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining5: 178–186, 2012
Review of statistical network analysis: models, algorithms, and software
Authors: Salter‐Townshend M. , White A. , Gollini I. , Murphy T. B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe analysis of network data is an area that is rapidly growing, both within and outside of the discipline of statistics.This review provides a concise summary of methods and models used in the statistical analysis of network data, including the Erdős–Renyi model, the exponential family class of network models, and recently developed latent variable models. Many of the methods and models are illustrated by application to the well‐known Zachary karate dataset. Software routines available for implementing methods are emphasized throughout.The aim of this paper is to provide a review with enough detail about many common classes of network models to whet the appetite and to point the way to further reading. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012
Physico‐chemical characterization of starches extracted from potatoes of the group Phureja
Authors: Cáceres Marleny , Mestres Christian , Pons Brigitte , Gibert Olivier , Amoros Walter , Salas Elisa , Dufour Dominique , Bonierbale Merideth , Pallet Dominique 
Published: May 2012

AbstractStarch was extracted from twenty‐four accessions of Group Phureja cultivated diploid potatoes, and from two commercial potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties. Extracted starch samples were characterized and compared to industrial potato starch. Starch from Phureja generally exhibited smaller granule sizes and lower phosphorus content than starch from commercial potatoes. Amylose content and thermal properties (gelatinization temperature and enthalpy) were however in the same range for both groups. Starches from Phureja displayed very distinct pasting behavior from that of commercial potato. The former exhibited lower initial pasting viscosity but higher shear resistance. This may be related to lower starch granule size, causing lower swelling power and solubility. Iodine complexation results seem to indicate that phureja potatoes have higher proportion of amylopectin long chains. Phureja thus appears to be a promising new source of starch with specific physico‐chemical and functional properties intermediate between industrial potato and cereal starches.
The cognitive science of fiction
Authors: Oatley Keith 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFiction might be dismissed as observations that lack reliability and validity, but this would be a misunderstanding. Works of fiction are simulations that run on minds. They were the first kinds of simulation. All art has a metaphorical quality: a painting can be both pigments on canvas and a person. In literary art, this quality extends to readers who can be both themselves and, by empathetic processes within a simulation, also literary characters. On the basis of this hypothesis, it was found that the more fiction people read the better were their skills of empathy and theory‐of‐mind; the inference from several studies is that reading fiction improves social skills. In functional magnetic resonance imaging meta‐analyses, brain areas concerned with understanding narrative stories were found to overlap with those concerned with theory‐of‐mind. In an orthogonal effect, reading artistic literature was found to enable people to change their personality by small increments, not by a writer's persuasion, but in their own way. This effect was due to artistic merit of a text, irrespective of whether it was fiction or non‐fiction. An empirically based conception of literary art might be carefully constructed verbal material that enables self‐directed personal change. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:425–430. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1185This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Language
The many roles of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 complex
Authors: Sasikumar Arjun N. , Perez Winder B. , Kinzy Terri Goss 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe vast majority of proteins are believed to have one specific function. Throughout the course of evolution, however, some proteins have acquired additional functions to meet the demands of a complex cellular milieu. In some cases, changes in RNA or protein processing allow the cell to make the most of what is already encoded in the genome to produce slightly different forms. The eukaryotic elongation factor 1 (eEF1) complex subunits, however, have acquired such moonlighting functions without alternative forms. In this article, we discuss the canonical functions of the components of the eEF1 complex in translation elongation as well as the secondary interactions they have with other cellular factors outside of the translational apparatus. The eEF1 complex itself changes in composition as the complexity of eukaryotic organisms increases. Members of the complex are also subject to phosphorylation, a potential modulator of both canonical and non‐canonical functions. Although alternative functions of the eEF1A subunit have been widely reported, recent studies are shedding light on additional functions of the eEF1B subunits. A thorough understanding of these alternate functions of eEF1 is essential for appreciating their biological relevance. WIREs RNA 2012, 3:543–555. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1118This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Translation > Translation Regulation
Attitudes and motivations of Tennessee deer hunters toward quality deer management
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Shaw Christopher E. , Fly J. Mark , Beaver Jared T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAttitudes and motivations of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) hunters are important for state wildlife agencies to consider when they are trying to meet harvest goals for the species. In recent years, interest in quality deer management (QDM) has grown, but little is known about hunter support for QDM. We surveyed hunters on private hunting clubs and Wildlife Management Areas where QDM was practiced, as well as statewide sportsman license holders in Tennessee, USA, following the 2004–2005 deer‐hunting season to identify characteristics, attitudes, and motivations of these hunter groups. Respondents in all 3 hunter groups identified QDM as a “sensible management strategy for white‐tailed deer” and a majority (>76%) of the hunters preferred hunting areas managed under QDM guidelines. Hunter groups varied in their responses related to specific QDM guidelines and implementation. Nonetheless, all 3 hunter groups were primarily interested in herd health and buck quality, wanted a reduction in the buck bag limit, and supported harvest of antlerless deer. Motivations to hunt varied by hunter group, but respondents in all 3 groups indicated that experiencing nature was the number one reason for hunting. Our survey results suggest that though opinions may vary on how QDM might be implemented, the general deer‐hunting public in Tennessee has moved away from the traditional deer‐management philosophy that allowed buck harvest without age restrictions and restricted antlerless harvest. Using biological justification along with hunter opinion, we recommend that state wildlife agencies consider providing QDM opportunities where appropriate and offer annual education programs to improve hunters' understanding of deer‐management strategies. This should help ensure hunter satisfaction and will help state wildlife agencies meet deer‐management objectives. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Primary Breast Cancer: Window to Management of the Axilla
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Puri Ruchir , Gadgil Pranjali V. , Jatoi Ismail 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn patients with primary breast cancer, several large, randomized prospective trials have shown that sentinel node biopsy (SNB) substantially reduces the morbidity associated with axillary surgery compared with formal axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Moreover, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B‐32 trial has demonstrated that when the sentinel node reveals no evidence of metastatic disease, then no further ALND is required. Recently, the results of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z0011 trial have challenged the notion that all patients with metastases to the sentinel node require ALND. The results of this trial suggest that in selected sentinel node‐positive patients, ALND can be potentially avoided. Yet, some concerns about the ACOSOG Z0011 trial have been raised, and these concerns may have implications in the widespread implementation of the results of this trial. Since the advent of the SNB technology, occult metastases within the sentinel node are frequently observed, and the significance of these findings remains controversial. Finally, this review considers special situations, such as pregnancy and the neoadjuvant setting, where the use of SNB should be applied judiciously. The SNB technology has dramatically improved the quality of life for women with breast cancer, and further modifications of its role in breast cancer treatment should be based on evidence obtained from randomized, controlled trials.
Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) kinetics in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Seto Wai-Kay , Wong Danny Ka-Ho , Fung James , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Yuen John Chi-Hang , Tong Teresa , Lai Ching-Lung , Yuen Man-Fung 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
We investigated the differences in HBsAg kinetics at different levels of viremia in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods
We compared HBsAg levels among HBeAg-negative CHB patients with persistently undetectable HBV DNA (≤20 IU/mL; Group A, n = 100), HBV DNA 20–2,000 IU/mL (Group B, n = 100), and HBV DNA >2,000 IU/mL (Group C, n = 100). HBsAg and HBV DNA levels were measured at three consecutive time points during follow-up (median 21.4 months).

Results
Median HBsAg levels were significantly lower in Group A than in Groups B and C at all time points (p < 0.001). HBV DNA and HBsAg levels were weakly correlated (r = 0.180 and 0.151 for Groups B and C, respectively). Among patients with HBsAg <100 IU/mL, Group A patients had the greatest median serum HBsAg reduction (0.341 log IU/mL/year; Group B, 0.122 log IU/mL/year; Group C, 0.057 log IU/mL/year; p = 0.002). Among Group A patients with HBsAg <100 IU/mL, baseline HBsAg achieved an AUROC of 0.876 in predicting >1 log annual HBsAg reduction; 10–100 IU/mL HBsAg was the optimal level for prediction (sensitivity 90 %; specificity 74.6 %). Serum HBsAg/HBV DNA ratios were significantly higher in Group B than in Groups A and C (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
HBV DNA and HBsAg were weakly correlated. Only patients with undetectable HBV DNA showed decline in HBsAg levels during follow-up. The greatest reduction in HBsAg levels occurred in patients with baseline HBsAg <100 IU/mL.
Mixed Cerebrovascular Disease and the Future of Stroke Prevention
Authors: Fisher Mark , Vasilevko Vitaly , Cribbs David H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractStroke prevention efforts typically focus on either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. This approach is overly simplistic due to the frequent coexistence of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. This coexistence, termed “mixed cerebrovascular disease”, offers a conceptual framework that appears useful for stroke prevention strategies. Mixed cerebrovascular disease incorporates clinical and subclinical syndromes, including ischemic stroke, subclinical infarct, white matter disease of aging (leukoaraiosis), intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral microbleeds. Reliance on mixed cerebrovascular disease as a diagnostic entity may assist in stratifying risk of hemorrhagic stroke associated with platelet therapy and anticoagulants. Animal models of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, particularly models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertension, offer novel means for identifying underlying mechanisms and developing focused therapy. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors represent a class of agents that, by targeting both platelets and vessel wall, provide the kind of dual actions necessary for stroke prevention, given the spectrum of disorders that characterizes mixed cerebrovascular disease.
Brief report: Pregnant by age 15 years and substance use initiation among US adolescent girls
Authors: Cavazos‐Rehg Patricia A. , Krauss Melissa J. , Spitznagel Edward L. , Schootman Mario , Cottler Linda B. , Bierut Laura Jean 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe examined substance use onset and associations with pregnancy by age 15 years. Participants were girls ages 15 years or younger (weighted n = 8319) from the 1999–2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS). Multivariable logistic regression examined pregnancy as a function of substance use onset (i.e., age 10 years or younger, 11–12, 13–14, and age 15 years) for alcohol, cigarettes and marijuana, controlling for race/ethnicity and metropolitan location. Of girls pregnant by age 15 years (3% of the sample, weighted n = 243), 16% had smoked marijuana by age 10 years and over 20% had smoked cigarettes and initiated alcohol use by age 10 years. In the multivariable analysis, marijuana use by age 14 years and/or cigarette smoking by age 12 years clearly distinguished girls who became pregnant by age 15 years and is perhaps due to a common underlying risk factor.
Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bersani F.S. , Minichino A. , Enticott P.G. , Mazzarini L. , Khan N. , Antonacci G. , Raccah R.N. , Salviati M. , Delle Chiaie R. , Bersani G. , Fitzgerald P.B. , Biondi M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDeep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique of neuromodulation and neurostimulation based on the principle of electromagnetic induction of an electric field in the brain. The coil (H-coil) used in deep TMS is able to modulate cortical excitability up to a maximum depth of 6 cm and is therefore able not only to modulate the activity of the cerebral cortex but also the activity of deeper neural circuits. Deep TMS is largely used for the treatment of drug-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and is being tested to treat a very wide range of neurological, psychiatric and medical conditions. The aim of this review is to illustrate the biophysical principles of deep TMS, to explain the pathophysiological basis for its utilization in each psychiatric disorder (major depression, autism, bipolar depression, auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms of schizophrenia), to summarize the results presented thus far in the international scientific literature regarding the use of deep TMS in psychiatry, its side effects and its effects on cognitive functions.
‘My Meal Mate’ (MMM): validation of the diet measures captured on a smartphone application to facilitate weight loss
Authors: Carter Michelle C. , Burley V. J. , Nykjaer C. , Cade J. E. 
Published: May 2012

Accurate dietary assessment is an essential foundation of research in nutritional epidemiology. Due to the weaknesses in current methodology, attention is turning to strategies that automate the dietary assessment process to improve accuracy and reduce the costs and burden to participants and researchers. ‘My Meal Mate’ (MMM) is a smartphone application designed to support weight loss. The present study aimed to validate the diet measures recorded on MMM against a reference measure of 24 h dietary recalls. A sample of fifty volunteers recorded their food and drink intake on MMM for 7 d. During this period, they were contacted twice at random to conduct 24 h telephone recalls. Daily totals for energy (kJ) and macronutrients recorded on MMM were compared against the corresponding day of recall usingttests for group means and Pearson's correlations. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between the methods. Energy (kJ) recorded on MMM correlated well with the recalls (day 1:r0·77 (95 % CI 0·62, 0·86), day 2:r0·85 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·91)) and had a small mean difference (day 1 (MMM − recall): − 68 kJ/d (95 % CI − 553, 418 kJ) ( − 16 kcal/d, 95 % CI − 127, 100 kcal); day 2 (MMM − recall): − 441 kJ/d (95 % CI − 854, − 29 kJ) ( − 105 kcal/d, 95 % CI − 204, − 7 kcal)). Bland–Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement between the methods: − 3378 to 3243 kJ/d ( − 807 to 775 kcal/d) on day 1. At the individual level, the limits of agreement between MMM and the 24 h recall were wide; however, at the group level, MMM appears to have potential as a dietary assessment tool.
What's in a name? Similarities and differences in international terms and meanings for older peoples' housing with services
Authors: HOWE ANNA L. , JONES ANDREW E. , TILSE CHERYL 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe diversity of terms and meanings relating to housing with services for older people confounds systematic analysis, especially in international comparative research. This paper presents an analysis of over 90 terms identified in literature from the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand reporting types of housing with services under the umbrella of ‘service integrated housing’ (SIH), defined as all forms of accommodation built specifically for older people in which the housing provider takes responsibility for delivery of one or more types of support and care services. A small number of generic terms covering housing for people in later life, home and community care, and institutional care are reviewed first to define the scope of SIH. Review of the remainder identifies different terms applied to similar types of SIH, similar terms applied to different types, and different terms that distinguish different types. Terms are grouped into those covering SIH focused on lifestyle and recreation, those offering only support services, and those offering care as well as support. Considerable commonality is found in underlying forms of SIH, and common themes emerge in discussion of drivers of growth and diversification, formal policies and programmes, and symbolic meanings. In establishing more commonality than difference, clarification of terminology advances policy debate, programme development, research and knowledge transfer within and between countries.