bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloud chamber using Peltier cooling
Authors: Barrett S D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The design of a simple, compact, inexpensive cloud chamber is described and examples of particle tracks from cosmic rays and a radioactive sample are shown. A temperature gradient is established in the chamber through the use of a simple heater at the top and Peltier modules at the base, eliminating the need for dry ice. Using a few millilitres of isopropyl alcohol it starts to show particle tracks a few minutes after being switched on and operates for over two hours without any intervention. The cloud chamber is constructed using components that can be readily obtained at a total cost of about £40.
Synergistic utilization of cost-effective glycerophosphate and biologically active zein for innovative minimally invasive smart thermo-responsive hydrogels for potential hard tissue engineering applications
Authors: Khan Moiz U din , Afzaal Aqsa , Shahnaz  , Gilani Mazhar Amjad , Perveen Shagufta , Sharif Faiza , Asif Anila , Faisal Abrar , Nazir Muhammad Shahid , Huck Olivier , Tabassum Sobia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Skeletal defects are the second-leading cause of disability worldwide, prompting the development of smart solutions for treatment. Calcium glycerophosphate (Ca–GP), chitosan (CS), hydroxyapatite (HA), and zein (ZN) were used to fabricate these thermo-responsive hydrogels. Ca–GP, an economically viable and bioactive glycerophosphate source, remains relatively underexplored. Natural protein ZN and the gold standard bone regenerative biomaterial HA were incorporated as reinforcing agents. The resulting composite hydrogels (HGs) exhibit a sol phase at 4 °C–10 °C and transition to gels at body temperature within 4–6 min. Their good injectability and the ability to be easily shaped into complex structures further support their great potential as minimally invasive solutions for treatment. The addition of ZN significantly improved the mechanical and biological properties of the HGs. The highest ZN concentration resulted in the strongest mechanical strength, measuring 52.2 MPa at 40% strain. HGs exhibited optimal swelling and degradation rates. Scanning electron microscopy analysis supported their porous nature. In vitro cell culture assays and wound healing assays demonstrated their excellent biocompatibility and regenerative potential. Drug-loaded HGs exhibited up to 90% drug release and antibacterial activity. All these results support their promising potential to support the regeneration of skeletal defects in a minimally invasive manner.
Controlling many-body quantum chaos: Bose–Hubbard systems
Authors: Beringer Lukas , Steinhuber Mathias , Diego Urbina Juan , Richter Klaus , Tomsovic Steven 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work develops a quantum control application of many-body quantum chaos for ultracold bosonic gases trapped in optical lattices. It is long known how to harness exponential sensitivity to changes in initial conditions for control purposes in classically chaotic systems. In the technique known astargeting, instead of a hindrance to control, the instability becomes a resource. Recently, this classical targeting has been generalized to quantum systems either by periodically countering the inevitable quantum state spreading or by introducing a control Hamiltonian, where both enable localized states to be guided along special chaotic trajectories toward any of a broad variety of desired target states. Only strictly unitary dynamics are involved; i.e. it gives acoherent quantum targeting. In this paper, the introduction of a control Hamiltonian is applied to Bose–Hubbard systems in chaotic dynamical regimes. Properly selected unstable mean field solutions can be followed particularly rapidly to states possessing precise phase relationships and occupancies. In essence, the method generates a quantum simulation technique that can access rather special states. The protocol reduces to a time-dependent control of the chemical potentials, opening up the possibility for application in optical lattice experiments. Explicit applications to custom state preparation and stabilization of quantum many-body scars are presented in one- and two-dimensional lattices (three-dimensional applications are similarly possible).
Enhancing the robustness of interdependent networks by positively correlating a portion of nodes
Authors: Liang Yuan , Qi Mingze , Huangpeng Qizi , Yan Liang , Duan Xiaojun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cascading failures caused by interdependencies make modern coupled systems extremely fragile to failures. In existing network robustness enhancing methods, maximizing interlayer degree-degree correlations has been proven to be an effective way to improve the robustness of interdependent networks under random failures. Here, we propose a portion of nodes positively correlated strategy (PNC) to improve network robustness by positively correlating a portion of nodes, in which the nodes that are positively correlated are selected in descending order of degree, starting at a cutoff value. Based on percolation theory, we verify the effectiveness of PNC on different networks. And find that, when the nodes with the highest degree are preferentially correlated, i.e. the cutoff value takes the maximum degree, this strategy achieves a state-of-the-art optimization effect. In particular, for interdependent scale-free networks with power-law exponent γ that satisfies

2
<
γ
<
3

, we theoretically demonstrate that the highest degree preferentially correlated mode can maximize network robustness by changing the coupling state of the near 0 proportion of nodes. For γ = 3, such a mode can make the network turn into a second-order phase transition at the collapse point. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the robustness of optimized networks and common links in real-world networks.
Third sound detectors in accelerated motion
Authors: Bunney Cameron R D , Barroso Vitor S , Biermann Steffen , Geelmuyden August , Gooding Cisco , Ithier Grégoire , Rojas Xavier , Louko Jorma , Weinfurtner Silke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An accelerated observer moving through empty space sees particles appearing and disappearing, while an observer with a constant velocity does not register any particles. This phenomenon, generally known as the Unruh effect, relies on an initial vacuum state, thereby unifying the experience of all inertial observers. We propose an experiment to probe this observer-dependent detector response, using a laser beam in circular motion as a local detector of superfluid helium-4 surface modes or third sound waves. To assess experimental feasibility, we develop a theoretical framework to include a non-zero temperature initial state. We find that an acceleration-dependent signal persists, independent of the initial temperature. By introducing a signal-to-noise measure we show that observing this signal is within experimental reach.
About gravitational radiation of semi local strings with non compact internal modes
Authors: Morano Alejandro , Santillán Osvaldo P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present work studies the gravitational radiation of a non abelian vortex with a non compact internal moduli describing its excitations. This situation may be realised by semi-local supersymmetric vortices [1]–[8], although supersymmetry is not necessary for this to happen. In the situation considered along this work, the internal space has infinite volume, and a largely energetic perturbation propagates along the object, even though the vortex line may not be moving. A specific configuration is presented, in which the internal space is the resolved conifold with its Ricci flat metric. The curious feature about it is that it corresponds to a static vortex, that is, the perturbation is only due to the internal modes. Even being static, the emission of gravitational radiation is in the present case of considerable order. This suggest that the presence of slowly moving objects that can emit a large amount of gravitational radiation is a hint of non abelianity.
Melting of W/Cu flat type component for main limiter and its impact on plasma operation in EAST experiments
Authors: Xuan Chuannan , Zhu Dahuan , Gao Binfu , Yan Rong , Guo Zongxiao , Ding Rui , Wang Baoguo , Zi Pengfei , Wang Yang , Chen Junling ,   the EAST Team
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A type of actively cooled W/Cu flat-type component with high heat exhaust capacity was installed as limiter during the EAST spring plasma campaign in 2022, aiming to support the long pulse operation. Unfortunately, severe melting phenomena with obvious droplets ejection of the flat-type W/Cu limiter was repeatedly monitored by CCD and IR cameras, which not only induced the failure of component but also seriously influenced plasma operation. The high temperature around midplane of W/Cu flat-type main limiter is identified to be closely connected with ICRF induced fast ions loss. Indeed, the surface temperature of W/Cu flat-type main limiter was too high to ignore. The damage of flat-type structure, however, usually started between the joint interface of W plates and CuCrZr heat sink material. Such damage would in turn lead to the gradual increase of surface temperature which eventually would cause melting of W plates. Once melting events occurred on the W/Cu flat-type main limiter, the vast majority of cases would result in plasma disruption. Moreover, the damage of main limiter would rapidly deteriorate. Hence, more attention should be paid to how to improve the fatigue lifetime of the joint interface. Such test results of flat-type W/Cu component for limiter are important references for the improvement and application of W/Cu flat-type component for high heat flux area in fusion devices.
Development of an organ-on-chip model for the detection of volatile organic compounds as potential biomarkers of tumour progression
Authors: Bayona Clara , Wrona Magdalena , Ranđelović Teodora , Nerín Cristina , Salafranca Jesús , Ochoa Ignacio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Early detection of tumours remains a significant challenge due to their invasive nature and the limitations of current monitoring techniques. Liquid biopsies have emerged as a minimally invasive diagnostic approach, wherein volatile organic compounds (VOCs) show potential as compelling candidates. However, distinguishing tumour-specific VOCs is difficult due to the presence of gases from non-tumour tissues and environmental factors. Therefore, it is essential to develop preclinical models that accurately mimic the intricate tumour microenvironment to induce cellular metabolic changes and secretion of tumour-associated VOCs. In this study, a microfluidic device was used to recreate the ischaemic environment within solid tumours for the detection of tumour-derived VOCs. The system represents a significant advance in understanding the role of VOCs as biomarkers for early tumour detection and holds the potential to improve patient prognosis; particularly for inaccessible and rapidly progressing tumours such as glioblastoma.
Environmental satisfaction of resettlement households after land acquisition in vietnam: a case study in Hai Phong city
Authors: Huong Tran Thi Lan , Phương Tran Thi Lan , Dat Tran Tho , Truong Dinh Duc 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Land acquisition and resetlement are sensitive issues because of its large impacts on the life of local people and communities, especially in developing nations. In Vietnam, recently, land acquisition is increasingly popular to serve infrastructure development and socio-economic projects. This study aims to identify factors affecting household environmental satisfaction after land acquisition and resetlement in Hai Phong city. The empirical study model is proposed based on theoretical model by Shin (2016) and empirical studies on environmental satisfaction. We conducted 2 focus group discussions with stakeholders and a survey sample of 585 households in 03 resetlement areas to collect data. Cronbach’ Alpha test, exploratory factor analysis, and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. Results showed 6 main factors affecting the extent of respondents’ environmental satisfaction after land acquisition, including employment and income, local government, public services and facilities, social networks, environment and health and education. Among them, employment and income is strongest impact factor. From the results, some solutions were proposed to increase satifactions and stabilize livelihoods for people after land acquisition in Hai Phong and Vietnam.
Spatial assessment of pollutants concentration in air and soils impacted by industrial wastes in lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Ozabor Famous , Wekpe Vremudia Onyeayana , Tega Eyetan , Ojoh Collins 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The mega city of Lagos, Nigeria is plagued by various environmental issues, chief amongst them being environmental pollution induced by poor and disjointed urban industrial waste management practices. This study aimed to identify and quantify the types of urban industrial waste generated in Lagos State. The State plays host to the largest population base in Nigeria with over twenty million people. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design. Soil, industrial waste generation and pollutant levels were determined with the aid of a thermal mass gas flow meter. Industrial wastes were measured in situ using a weighting scale, while surface soil samples were collected at depths of 0–30 cm. Results show that 20% of the industrial waste generated in the metropolis was ignitable (possibility of spontaneous combustion). The results were thereafter compared with international standards on the permissible limits for various pollutants in air and soil of Lagos State. Ikorodu had the greatest contribution of industrial waste generated in Lagos, followed by Ikeja, Oshodi, Ojo/Alaba and Surulere. The implications of these results and findings is that a lot needs to be done in terms of appropriate legislation, enforcement and tracking of industrial waste generation in Lagos State for effective monitoring and implementation of management strategies.
Performance evaluation of ruthenium complexes and organic sensitizers in ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Ayub Muniba , Shahzad Nadia , Javed Ahad Hussain , Mehmood Sana , Nadeem Saad , Khan Zuhair S , Shakir Sehar , Liaqat Faroha , Shabir Ghulam , Abbas Faisal , Shahzad Muhammad Imran , Pugliese Diego 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ruthenium (Ru) dyes are a well-known player in the field of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to their high efficiency and excellent stability. Their properties and complexes have been studied for almost three decades. Although these sensitizers show better performances, their high cost makes these third-generation solar devices less economical. Organic dyes have recently been explored as an alternative to Ru-based dyes due to their easy and low-cost synthesis. A comparative performance evaluation of Ru complexes and dicyanoisophorone and rhodanine organic dyes in ZnO-based DSSCs is here reported. All the Ru complexes showed better performance in comparison to organic dyes except R-4. Among the Ru sensitizers, R-3 exhibited the highest efficiency of 1.21% followed by R-2, which is attributed to the presence of several anchoring groups such as carboxyl, nitro and amine. However, the presence of more nitrogen-based groups has drastically reduced the performance as observed for R-4, which is the least performing dye among the Ru-based ones. On the contrary, organic sensitizers S-06 and P-4 revealed to be less efficient with respect to R-3 owing to the presence of only one anchoring group and weak photoanode/dye interaction.
Exploring the interplay of technology, pro-family and prosocial behavior in settlement formation
Authors: Gracia-Lázaro Carlos , Hernández Alexis R , Maciel-Cardoso Felipe , Moreno Yamir 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present an agent-based model that explores the intricate relationship between pro-family and prosocial behaviors and their impact on settlement formation. The objective is to investigate how the technological level and various constraints influence the transition from pro-family to prosocial behavior. The model incorporates factors such as the specialization requirements of the technology, societal tolerance, and dynamic interactions within a synthetic population, where individuals may prioritize either their family or their own settlement. Agents’ fitness is determined by two components: the proportion of pro-family agents within their family and the fraction of prosocial agents in their settlement, along with its size. Our findings reveal that (i) the technological level drives the transition from pro-family to prosocial behavior, and (ii) the developmental requirements of the technology shape the smoothness of this transition, ranging from abrupt to gradual. These results emphasize the significance of considering the interplay between the technological level, the nature of the technology, and cultural influences when examining settlement patterns and the dynamics of pro-family and prosocial behaviors in human societies.
Does pollination interact with the abiotic environment to affect plant reproduction?
Authors: Rodelius Isabella B , Iler Amy M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Abiotic and biotic components of the environment both limit plant reproduction, but how they interact with one another in combination is less understood. Understanding these interactions is especially relevant because abiotic and biotic environmental components respond differently to various drivers of global change. Here, we aim to understand whether the effects of pollination (biotic component) on plant reproduction depend on soil moisture (abiotic component), two factors known to affect plant reproduction and that are changing with global change.

Methods
We conducted pollen supplementation experiments for two plant species, Delphinium nuttallianum and Hydrophyllum fendleri, in subalpine meadows in the Western USA across 4 years that varied in soil moisture. In a separate 1-year field experiment, we crossed water addition with pollen supplementation factorially. We measured the proportion of fruit set, seeds per fruit and seeds per plant, in addition to stomatal conductance, to determine whether plant physiology responded to watering.

Key Results
In the 4-year study, only H. fendleri reproduction was pollen limited, and this occurred independently of soil moisture. Experimental water addition significantly increased soil moisture and stomatal conductance for both species. The effect of pollen addition on reproduction depended on the watering treatment only for H. fendleri fruit production. Reproduction in D. nuttallianum was not significantly affected by pollen addition or water addition, but it did respond to interannual variation in soil moisture.

Conclusions
Although we found some evidence for the effect of a biotic interaction depending on abiotic conditions, it was only for one aspect of reproduction in one species, and it was in an unexpected direction. Our work highlights interactions between the abiotic and biotic components of the environment as an area of further research for improving our understanding of how plant reproduction responds to global change.
Understanding the Impacts of COVID-19 and Other Disaster Experiences on Motivations to Prepare for Future Disasters
Authors: Jung Jeesoo , Pyles Loretta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Social workers are recognising the increasing frequency and severity of disasters within the context of climate change, and are concerned with supporting communities in preparing, coping and building resilience. Although social workers have had positive impacts on disaster relief and recovery throughout the world, they have been less influential in impacting communities’ and individuals’ abilities to prepare for future disasters, which requires addressing the structural causes and impacts of disasters. While concerned with macro-level and neoliberal causes and dimensions of disasters, the focus of this research is on micro-level perspectives. Our study investigates whether past experiences of pandemics, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), along with other disasters, translate into motivation to prepare for future disasters. We derived the sample from the 2021 US National Household Survey and analysed it using logistic regression analysis. Findings suggest that certain disaster experiences, such as COVID-19 and technological disasters, along with heightened risk perceptions of pandemics and natural disasters, increased people’s motivation for disaster preparedness. Such motivation is influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, including race/ethnicity and disability. Using a transformative social work practice lens to articulate implications for social workers, we emphasise addressing root causes of disasters, community-level change work and whole-person, intersectional support and interventions.
Exploring S100A8/A9, neopterin, and MMP3 in familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Kilinc Ozgur C , Akdeniz Yonca S , Taskin Zuleyha , Karabulut Mehmet , Kaya Arif , Bolayırlı Ibrahim Murat , Can Gunay , Ugurlu Serdal 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is characterized by inflammatory attacks due to overactivation of pyrin inflammasome. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of S100A8/A9, neopterin, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) at monitoring subclinical inflammation and disease activity, and at differentiating FMF attacks from appendicitis, the most common misdiagnosis among FMF patients. Blood samples (n = 75), comprising from FMF patients during an attack (n = 20), the same FMF patients during the attack-free period (n = 14), patients with appendicitis (n = 24), and healthy volunteers (n = 17) were obtained. Duplicate determinations of S100A8/A9, neopterin, and MMP-3 levels were conducted using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). FMF patients with and without attack and patients with appendicitis had significantly elevated S100A8/A9 levels compared to healthy volunteers (P-values: &lt; 0.001, 0.036, 0.002, respectively). Patients with appendicitis and FMF patients with and without attack had significantly increased serum neopterin levels compared to healthy volunteers (P-value: &lt; 0.001). MMP3 levels were significantly higher among patients with appendicitis and FMF patients during attack compared to healthy controls (P-values: &lt; 0.001, 0.001). Serum levels of S100A8/A9, neopterin, and MMP3 were increased significantly during attacks compared to attack-free periods among FMF patients (P-values: 0.03, 0.047, 0.007). S100A8/A9 emerges as a valuable marker for monitoring disease activity. Neopterin and S100A8/A9 might help physicians to monitor subclinical inflammation during the attack-free periods of FMF patients. MMP3 might aid in diagnosing FMF attacks when distinguishing between attack and attack-free periods is challenging.
Preparation and degradability of novel cross-linked functional hydrogels from enzymatic synthesized α-1,3-glucan and its carboxymethyl derivative
Authors: Su Zhengyu , Kinoshita Haruka , Ogaito Makoto , Takeda Yoichi , Toyotake Yosuke , Wakayama Mamoru 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this research, we prepared novel hydrogels from enzymatically synthesized α-1,3-glucan and its carboxymethyl derivative by crosslinking with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. The resulting hydrogels were highly swellable and pH-sensitive with an enhanced, highly developed structure, and showed excellent protein/dye adsorption performances. Furthermore, the hydrogels had good biodegradability and could be degraded in soil extract solution. The prepared hydrogels have potential applications as green and environmentally-friendly adsorbents for the effective removal of organic dyes in printing and dyeing wastewater.