bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacillus coagulans TCI803 Confers Gastroesophageal Protection against Helicobacter pylori-Evoked Gastric Oxidative Stress and Acid-Induced Lower Esophageal Sphincter Inflammation
Authors: Cheng Yu-Hsuan , Li Hung-Keng , Chang Kai-Hsian , Lin Yung-Kai , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Chiang Chi-Fu , Yang Jyh-Chin , Chien Chiang-Ting 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Probiotic Bacillus coagulans TCI803 (BC) may have impact on gastrointestinal protection. This study was designed to investigate the effects of BC on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induced gastric inflammation in mice and acid-induced lower esophageal sphincter (LES) dysfunction in rat. We determined the oxidative stress/apoptosis/autophagy signaling pathway in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and HCl-evoked LES inflammation. H. pylori increased leukocyte infiltration mediated inflammation and gastric cytokines array, 3NT/4HNE-mediated oxidative stress and Bax/Caspase 3-mediated apoptosis, but decreased Beclin-1/LC3-II-mediated autophagy in the mice gastric mucosa. BC treatment decreased inflammation, cytokines release, oxidative stress and apoptosis and reversed autophagy in H. pylori infected gastric mucosa. Esophageal infusion of saline evoked an increase of LES pressure and efferent vagus nerve activity during the emptying phase, however, esophageal infusion of HCl dysregulated LES motility by a decrease in threshold pressure, intercontraction interval and an increase in efferent vagus nerve activity. BC treatment significantly recovered the level of threshold pressure, intercontraction interval and depressed the enhanced efferent vagus nerve activity. In vitro LES wire myography data displayed that HCl treated LES significantly decreased the contractile response to acetylcholine. BC treatment significantly restored the contractile response to acetylcholine in LES wire myography. LES after HCl stimulation significantly increased leukocyte infiltration-mediated inflammation, whereas BC treatment effectively reduced the leukocyte infiltration-mediated inflammation in the HCl treated LES. In summary, we suggest that BC via anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation confers gastroesophageal protection against H. pylori involved oxidative stress/inflammation/apoptosis/autophagy signaling in mice with gastric inflammation and HCl induced LES dysregulation and inflammation.
Application of Hybrid GWO-BSA Technique for Resolving Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow Problem by Incorporating Unified Power Flow Controller
Authors: J Lakshmi priya , S.T Jaya Christa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The optimal power flow (OPF) is an illustrious and a substantial approach for the reliable and cost-effective working of a power system. It is a multifaceted nonlinear problem that evaluates the ideal settings of generator capacity, bus voltage, and transformer tap setting. In this study, the objectives such as minimization of fuel cost, minimization of power losses, reduction of voltage variation and augmentation of voltage stability have been solved by considering six double objective scenarios and four triple objective scenarios. The above mentioned objectives have been solved by using hybridized Grey Wolf Optimization and Backtracking Search optimization Algorithm (GWO-BSA) and by incorporating Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). In the multi-objective OPF problem, the Optimum Compromise Solution (OCS) is estimated by means of fuzzy set theory. For demonstrating the enactment of the hybrid GWO-BSA, simulations are performed using MATLAB on standard IEEE 30-bus and 57-bus test systems. Moreover, the comparisons have been made between the hybrid GWO-BSA and other recognized algorithms for showing the greater efficacy and robustness of the GWO-BSA against others. The comparisons divulge that the GWO-BSA offers optimal, viable, global outcomes to the OPF problems with good convergence rate.
Three Diterpene Lactones from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) Nees In vitro, In
silico Assessment of the Anticancer and Novel Liposomal Encapsulation Efficiency
Authors: Thi Thanh Tran Le , Diep Trinh Thi , To Uyen Nguyen Thi , Minh An Tran Nguyen , Tan Le Van 
Published: May 2024

:
Three compounds from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) Nees leaf were isolated
and identified using 1H, 13C, 2D-NMR, and HR-MS techniques for the first time.
Compound 3,19-Di-O-acetylandrographolide (3,19-DAA) or (4) is produced by acetylating
compound (2). Compounds (2) and (4) have been investigated for their cytotoxic effects on
three human cancer cell lines (SK-LU-1, Hela, and HepG2) using the MTT method. Compound
(4) demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against all three cancer cell lines, with
IC50 values ranging from 8.38 to 10.15 μM. This represents an increase in cytotoxicity of
2.67 to 3.12-fold compared to compound (2). One way to deal with the problem of low
water solubility is by encapsulating (4) into liposomes using a thin-film hydration technique.
The optimal conditions for maximizing encapsulation efficiency involve molar ratios
of phosphatidylcholine, 3,19-DAA, and cholesterol at 4:1:1. Encapsulating compound (4) within nanoscale
liposomes increases its water solubility compared to the free form of compound (4). Pose 324 of compound (4)
demonstrated the best conformation among 500 docking conformations when docked to enzyme 1T8I in a
in silico docking study. The free Gibbs energy and inhibition constant were determined to be -7.09 Kcal/mol
and 6.32 μM, respectively. These values help elucidate the strong interaction between compound (4) and the
enzyme in the ligand interaction model. The molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond software in the
Linux environment was conducted for a duration of 0 to 100 nanoseconds on the complex formed by pose 324
and 1T8I. The results showed effective interactions within the complex, with stability observed from 0 to 60
nanoseconds. Throughout the simulation, specific amino acids such as Ala 499 (involved in 90% of the simulation
time with hydrogen bonding via a water bridge) and Thr 501 (involved in 50% of the simulation time with
one hydrogen bond via a water bridge) were found to play significant roles. The majority of torsion bondings
are C-O bondings in the acetyl group of compound (4), with torsion energy values of 13.47 Kcal/mol. Carbon
atom C-29 at position 324 exhibits the highest fluctuation.
Unveiling FDA-approved Drugs and Formulations in the Management of Bladder Cancer: A Review
Authors: Bansal Keshav , Chaudhary Neeraj , Bhati Hemant , Singh Vanshita 
Published: May 2024

:
Urological cancers are one of the most prevalent malignancies around the globe. Specifically,
bladder cancer severely threatens the health of humans because of its heterogeneous
and aggressive nature. Extensive studies have been conducted for many years in order to address
the limitations associated with the treatment of solid tumors with selective substances. This article
aims to provide a summary of the therapeutic drugs that have received FDA approval or are
presently in the testing phase for use in the prevention or treatment of bladder cancer. In this
review, FDA-approved drugs for bladder cancer treatment have been listed along with their dose
protocols, current status, pharmacokinetics, action mechanisms, and marketed products. The
article also emphasizes the novel preparations of these drugs that are presently under clinical
trials or are in the approval stage. Thus, this review will serve as a single point of reference for
scientists involved in the formulation development of these drugs.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Rabies in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elshnoudy Iman Abdelhady , Eldamaty Abdallah , Aboelfetoh Ehsan , Elhosseny Nirmeen , El Khonezy Zeynep , Mahjoub Reem , Elkady Reem , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Bakhait Aya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Rabies is a fatal infectious viral disease that affects all warm-blooded mammals, including humans. Rabid dogs are commonly found in Egypt.

Aims:
By assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards Rabies in Gharbia Gover-norate, Egypt, this KAP study aimed to improve knowledge of the populations dealing with in-fected wounds and rabid animals. It also aimed to generate baseline data that would be a reference for evaluating community awareness and aid in developing and administering appropriate rabies prevention strategies.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out from June 2020 to October 2022 to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of six different towns and villages from the El Gharbia government, Egypt, regarding rabies. A self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect the data from 326 participants by convenient sampling. The data were ana-lyzed by SPSS statistical software version 21 using descriptive analysis and the Chi-square test.

Results:
Most of the respondents (73.6%) had heard about rabies mainly from mixed sources
(formal and informal sources). The bite was considered to be the only mode of transmission of
rabies by 49.4% of respondents, and only 10.7% and 14.4% of respondents answered that it could
be transmitted by scratching and saliva contact, respectively. Nearly half of the participants
(52.1%) believed that biting and sudden changes in behavior are the clinical signs and symptoms
of rabies in humans. Most of the participants (70.9 %) knew that rabies could be prevented by
vaccination, but (57.1%) of them did not know about the almost 100% fatal nature of rabies once
the clinical signs developed. Residency, educational status, and age were found to be significantly
associated with KAP of rabies (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
There is a need for educational campaigns and mass media programs in the El Ghar-bia government, Egypt to increase the awareness of the community about rabies.
Two-phase Hybrid Thermal Interface Alkali-treated E-Glass
Fiber/MWCNT/Graphene/Copper Oxide Nanocomposites for Electronic
Gadgets
Authors: Ramu Swaminathan , Senthilkumar Natarajan , Deepanraj Balakrishnan 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Two-phase hybrid mode thermal interface materials were created and
characterized for mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and wear behaviour. Therefore, the
ultimate goal of this current research was to use alkali-treated glass fibre and other allotropes to
produce high-performance two-phase thermal interface materials that can be patented for engineering
applications.

Method:
Three different polymer composites were prepared to contain 20 vol.% alkalies (NaOH)
treated e-glass fibre (E) and epoxy as a matrix with varying proportions of multi-walled carbon
nanotube (MWCNT), graphene (G), copper oxide (C). The one-phase material contained
epoxy+20%e-glass+1%MWCNT (EMGC1), the two-phase hybrid composite contained
epoxy+20%e-glass+1%MWCNT+1%graphene+1%CuO (EMGC2), and two-phase material contained
epoxy+20%e-glass+1%graphene+1%CuO (EMGC3). Vacuum bagging method was used for
fabricating the composites.

Result:
The higher thermal conductivity observed was 0.3466 W/mK for EMGC2, the alkalitreated
glass fibre/hybrid mode nanofillers epoxy matrix composite was mechanically tougher than
the other two composites (EMGC1 & EMGC3). Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the
fine filler dispersion and homogenous interaction with the glass fibre/epoxy resin composite of the
upper and lower zone, which also revealed the defective zone, fibre elongation, fibre/filler breakages,
and filler leached surfaces.

Conclusion:
Finally, it was concluded that the hybrid mode two-phased structure EMGC2 epoxy
matrix composite replicated the maximum thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and wear
properties of the other two specimens.
Patient Satisfaction in the Primary Care System of Cyprus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Stylianou Neophytos , Samoutis Andreas , Samoutis George 
Published: May 2024

Background
Patient satisfaction serves as a widely acknowledged metric for assessing the quality of care. Understanding the perspectives of care recipients through patient satisfaction is crucial, as it can function as a valuable tool for quality improvement. The assessment of patient satisfaction becomes particularly imperative following significant healthcare reforms.

Methods
This study represents the first attempt to delineate the level of patient satisfaction with the newly introduced Primary Care system in Cyprus. Employing an internationally validated tool for evaluating general practice care, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted within one of the largest group practices in Cyprus Primary Care. An online questionnaire was dispatched to all registered email addresses within the group practice, totaling 5,000 emails. Patient satisfaction was measured based on the percentage of respondents reporting their level of satisfaction on a 5-point Likert scale for the questionnaire items.

Results
The overall satisfaction percentage emerged at 80.51% (SD 32.36). Notably, the majority of questions received excellent ratings. The aspect rated the least satisfactory was the waiting experience in the waiting room, with a mean (SD) of 4.05 (1.08). Conversely, the highest-rated item pertained to safeguarding the records and confidentiality of the patients, with a mean (SD) of 4.65 (0.70).

Conclusion
This survey, the first of its kind since the inception of the new NHS, conducted in one of the largest primary care centers, indicates remarkably high satisfaction rates comparable to those of other developed EU NHSs. However, to achieve a comprehensive national understanding of patient satisfaction and further support quality improvement initiatives, a larger study encompassing more GP practices is warranted. Such an expanded study would not only supplement ongoing quality improvement interventions but also contribute to fostering patient empowerment in the healthcare system.
Microwave Thermal Treatment for the Recovery of Re in Copper and Molybdenum Concentrates
Authors: Bazan Vanesa , Maratta Ariel , Villafañe Gastón , Pacheco Pablo , Brandaleze Elena 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Rhenium [Re] is obtained as a by-product during the extraction of copper and molybdenum ores. In current extractive metallurgy, Re extraction involves a heat treatment that causes Re losses by volatilization and release of toxic gases into the environment.

Objective:
This research proposes a novel microwave heat treatment [MWHT] to enhance Re ex-traction avoiding Re losses and toxic gas release into the environment.

Methods:
A novel MWHT and traditional thermal processes used in mining were applied to Cu-Mo concentrates. The elemental composition analysis of the concentrate was performed by atomic spec-trometry. The crystalline phase was identified by X-ray diffraction. Particle structure observations were performed with an optical microscopy [OM] and scanning electron microscopy [SEM] with a Field Emission, including semiquantitative analysis [EDS]. Thermal behavior and non-isothermal reduction processes were studied using Thermogravimetry Differential Thermal Analysis [TG-DTA].

Results:
Re, S and As release decreased 5% during MWHT, compared to 34% of traditional meth-ods. Molybdenite [MoS2] and Chalcopyrite [CuFeS2] were the crystalline phases in the ore after MWHT. Rhenium was found as an oxide [ReO3] and metallic Re. Samples under MWHT showed structural transformations in the mineral particles, with minimal mass losses and high Re and Mo concentrations. The structural transformation of the ore involved microcracks formation.

Conclusion:
The MWHT induces a combination of particle degradation mechanisms and lower temperature requirements that prevent Re losses. Lower gas emissions turn this technology into an environmentally friendly one. Crystalline transformation of the Re-chalcopyrite phase enhances Re release during leaching, the next step after MWHT in the hydrometallurgical extraction.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Space and Wireless Communication
Authors: Sharma Vishali , Yadav Mukh Raj , Kamath H.Ravishankar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the design of microstrip
patch antennae since communication and connectivity are two very important aspects of mankind.
For ages, antennas have been highly demanded transducers in communication technology.
With the development of the technologies in today’s era, wireless systems are becoming more
compact, thereby reducing the size of the antenna. As space research is taking huge leaps, even
private companies like Space X and ambitious projects from ISRO and NASA have been introduced.
Space research motivates researchers to carry out more studies about space bodies that
produce radio waves. Detection of the position and velocity of bodies using radar provides
emerging research into this domain, which is called radio location. Therefore, multiband antennas
are explored to obtain multiple operating frequencies. The reduced size, low profile, and
lightweight microstrip antennas have become integral to wireless communication systems, and
the increasing growth of wireless systems requires a miniaturized antenna. Thus, this paper discusses
the basic configuration of MPA (Microstrip Patch Antenna), its feeding techniques, and
different shapes in CST (Computer-simulated technology) microwave studio, dielectrics, and
substrate materials. The paper also provides an overview of wireless applications, such as radar
systems, satellite communication, and military applications. Also, there is a description of how to
design a microstrip antenna in MATLAB.
Efficacy and Safety of Glycopyrrolate in the Management of Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rashid Muhammed , Poojari Pooja Gopal , Chandran Viji Pulikkel , Shetty Rashmi , Kaur Harsimran , Nair Sreedharan , Thunga Girish 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of antidotes in the management
of organophosphate and carbamate (OPC) poisoning. We aimed to review the efficacy and
safety of glycopyrrolate in the management of OPC poisoning.

Methodology:
Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library were extensively
searched from inception to November 2022 and updated till October 2023. Interventional, observational,
and descriptive studies assessing the efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate administered in
any dose, route, and duration for the management of OPC poisoning published in the English language
were considered for this review. The treatment with any other regimen that did not include
glycopyrrolate was regarded as the comparator. The survival, intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilatory
outcomes were considered efficacy outcomes, and adverse effects were considered safety outcomes.
Suitable quality assessment tools were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.
Two independent reviewers were involved in the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment
and any discrepancies were resolved through mutual discussion or consultation with a
third reviewer.

Results:
A total of 9 studies (2 RCTs, 4 cohorts, 1 case series, and 2 case reports) out of 591 nonduplicate
records were considered for this review. Overall, the RCTs were observed to have a moderate
quality, and observational studies and descriptive studies were found to have good quality. All
the included studies used atropine administration as a standard treatment option along with glycopyrrolate.
The OPC patients treated with glycopyrrolate had a fewer hospitalization days with comparable
recovery and ventilatory outcomes than those that had not been treated with glycopyrrolate.
The occurrence of adverse events and complications was lower in the glycopyrrolate group than in
the control group.

Conclusion:
Currently, there is a lack of comparative studies to recommend the use of glycopyrrolate
in OPC poisoning, and further interventional studies are required to make an evidencebased
recommendation on this topic.
The relationship between physical activity level on the severity of dysmenorrhea
Authors: Trisnowiyanto Bambang , Andriani Isna 
Published: May 2024

Dysmenorrhea is a disorder in which women experience pain or cramping in the abdominal region throughout the menstrual cycle. It has been noted that physical activity and psychological variables can exacerbate dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical activity level and the severity of dysmenorrhea in late adolescence. This cross-sectional study involved 126 late female adolescents aged 17 to 25 years experiencing dysmenorrhea. The independent variable was physical activity, which was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), categorized into high and low physical activity levels . The dependent variable was dysmenorrhea, measured using the working ability, location, intensity, days of pain, and dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD), which was categorized into severe and mild dysmenorrhea. The association between physical activity and dysmenorrhea was analysed using simple binary logistic regression analysis.The findings indicated that mild dysmenorrhea was 93.65% and severe dysmenorrhea was 6.35%. Adolescents who engage in high physical activity were more likely to experience severe dysmenorrhea than adolescents who engage in light physical activity (OR= 5.11; p= 0.032; 95% CI= 1,15 to 22,72). The probability of adolescents who participated in high physical activity in experiencing severe dysmenorrhea was 14.70%. It can be concluded that high physical activity level is correlated to higher risk of experiencing severe dysmenorrhea.
Review of the Monograph of the Candidate of Law, Natalia Ivanovna Kuznetsova "Criminal Policy in the Field of Environmental Safety"; St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia St. Petersburg, 2023. 164 p.
Authors: Tangiev B. B. 
Published: May 2024

Relevance. In the review, the author gives an assessment of the monographic research of Natalia Ivanovna Kuznetsova, Candidate of Law "Criminal policy in the field of environmental safety". The criminal-political and scientific-theoretical problems of responsibility for environmental crimes raised in the monograph should be identified as priorities for resolution today.The purpose: to conduct a comprehensive comprehensive scientific analysis of the monographic work submitted for review.Objectives: to assess the relevance, scientific novelty, the elaboration of the research topic, to analyze the content, the depth of the problem statement and the proposed ways out of the current situation, to evaluate, in the author's opinion, possible solutions to the tasks set, the scientific and practical significance of the results of the monographic research.Methodology. The review was based on general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.), private scientific and special legal methods of cognition.Results. The author of the monograph gives the concept, reveals the content and principles of criminal policy in the field of environmental safety, analyzes its methods such as criminalization (decriminalization), penalization, differentiation and individualization of criminal responsibility and punishment for environmental crimes. For the first time, the global environmental problems of our time and their relationship with crime are considered at the monographic level.Conclusion. The implementation of a new paradigm of criminal policy in the field of environmental safety, proposed by N. I. Kuznetsova, will contribute to the development of such very promising areas of legal science as ecocriminology; criminology of environmental protection; ecodeviantology; ecocriminogenic victimization of society (criminal eco-victimology); information ecocriminological and criminalistic technologies.