bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pt‐doped tungsten oxide surface: photoemission and RHEED study
Authors: Mašek K. , Blumentrit P. , Beran J. , Skála T. , Píš I. , Libra J. , Matolín V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we report investigations of the structure and electronic properties of a well‐defined Pt/tungsten oxide system prepared on W(110) single‐crystal surface. The crystallographic structure and epitaxial orientation were determined by reflexion high‐energy electron diffraction. The chemical state of the film was investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy induced by an X‐ray source as well as by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. The ultrathin Pt layers were deposited on the surface of epitaxial tungsten oxide with (111) planes parallel to the W(110). The formation of three‐dimensional Pt clusters with (111) epitaxial plane was observed. It is shown that the Pt deposit caused a partial reduction of the tungsten oxide layer. We found that it is an electronic effect in which the interaction of the Pt deposit with the tungsten oxide enables charge transfer from the W cation to the O anion leading to change of the chemical state. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural analyses of thermal annealed SRO/SiO2 superlattices
Authors: Vanzetti L. , Pucker G. , Milita S. , Barozzi M. , Ghulinyan M. , Bersani M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNanocrystalline silicon embedded in dielectric matrices is currently studied for Si‐photonics, memory devices and solar cells. A common method for the preparation of silicon nanocrystals embedded in oxides is the phase separation of silicon rich oxide (SRO) in SiO2 and Si via thermal annealing. Phase separation, nucleation and crystallization of SRO are known to depend on the thickness of the SRO layer. Here we investigate the structural changes in a sample consisting of alternated nanometer‐thick SRO and SiO2 layers—a so‐called superlattice (SL)—during thermal annealing. Under a thermal treatment the material undergoes a series of modifications due to sintering, phase separation, crystallization and layer mixing. In this work we investigate these transformations in an SL grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with several analytical techniques: XPS, variable angle ellipsometric spectroscopy (VASE), SIMS, and X‐ray reflectivity (XRR). Both SIMS and XRR measurements clearly reveal the periodicity of the samples. XPS analysis reveals that phase separation of SRO in silicon and SiO2 occurs in the annealing temperature range 600–925 °C. The process is accompanied by reduction in overall thickness of the samples (ongoing also at higher temperatures) as evidenced from the ellipsometric spectra. A maximum form birefringence is achieved at 925 °C and stays nearly constant until 1100 °C. Eventually, the form birefringence decreases at the highest annealing temperature of 1150 °C, which according to SIMS measurements is caused by a partial oxidation of silicon in the outermost SRO layer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to increase the hydrophobicity of PTFE surfaces using an r.f. atmospheric‐pressure plasma torch
Authors: Carbone E.A.D. , Boucher N. , Sferrazza M. , Reniers F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn experimental investigation of the surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by an Ar and Ar/O2 plasma created with an atmospheric‐pressure radio frequency (r.f.) torch is presented here. The surfaces were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), XPS and water contact angle (WCA) to get an insight of the surface morphology and chemistry. An increase of roughness is observed with the Ar/O2 plasma treatment. The WCA analysis shows that these surfaces are more hydrophobic than pristine PTFE; a contact angle of 135° was measured. When a PTFE surface is treated by Ar plasma, no roughening or significant change of the surface morphology and chemistry of PTFE was observed. The effects of the Ar and O2 fluxes on the PTFE surface treatment were analyzed, as well as the effect of the power and treatment time. The plasma phase was also analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy, and some correlations with the treatment efficiency of the plasma are made. The chemistry on the surface is finally discussed and the competition between etching and re‐deposition chemical reactions on the surface is proposed as a possible explanation of the results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of hybrid agarose‐aminosilane gels to the biofunctionalization of honeycomb‐ structured polycaprolactone scaffolds
Authors: Formosa Fabio , Satriano Cristina , García Ruiz Josefa Predestinación , Montero Isabel , Silván Miguel Manso , Marletta Giovanni 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe current work describes a hydrogel route for the amine functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with a honeycomb structure (PCLhc). The functionalization takes place after contact with fresh liquid hydrogels. After gelification, hydrogels are removed for evaluation of the transferred active molecules. The formation of hybrids with variable agarose/aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane (APTS) ratio allowing gradual grafting was evaluated initially onto Si planar surfaces. Analysis of the line shape of Si 2p XPS allowed confirming on the one hand that Si‐Ox contribution related to APTS increases as SiSi signal due to Si (100) substrate decreases for increasing aminosilane load in the gel. On the other hand, the line shape of C 1s and N 1s core level spectra were characteristic of those related to APTS functionalization, with a particular label due to partial agarose transfer to the substrate. In this stage, PCLhc scaffolds were activated with the agarose‐APTS hybrids. A peeling after gelification gave rise not only to amine‐activated PCLhc structures, but also to hc structure replicas on the contacting surfaces of the agarose‐APTS hydrogels. In order to evaluate the activity of modified PCLhc scaffolds, a labeled mouse antibody was immobilized and its functionalization evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MATLAB library LIBRA
Authors: Verboven Sabine , Hubert Mia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLIBRA stands for ‘library for robust analysis.’ It is a MATLAB toolbox mainly containing implementations of robust statistical methods. Robust statistics is involved with the detection of aberrant observations, also called outliers. The aim of robust statistical methods is to provide estimates which are not affected by the nonregular observations and which are then able to pinpoint the outliers. The robust methods implemented in LIBRA nowadays cover: univariate location, scale (Qn) and skewness estimation (Medcouple), covariance estimation (FAST MCD), regression (FAST‐LTS, MCD regression, depth quantiles), principal component analysis (RAPCA, ROBPCA), principal component regression (RPCR), partial least squares regression (RSIMPLS), classification (RDA, RSIMCA) and several methods to deal with skewed data. Besides that, the toolbox contains various methods for cluster analysis, many graphical diagnostic tools, and classical equivalents of several implemented methods. Only a few of the recently added methods will be highlighted in this paper. The features of the LIBRA functions will be illustrated by means of some real data sets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software
The role of the Tokyo guidelines in the diagnosis of acute calculous cholecystitis
Authors: Lee Shou‐Wu , Chang Chi‐Sen , Lee Teng‐Yu , Tung Chun‐Fang , Peng Yen‐Chun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundAcute calculous cholecystitis is a condition in which the gallbladder becomes inflamed due to cholelithiasis. Early diagnosis reduces both mortality and morbidity. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the diagnostic value of the Tokyo guidelines in patients with acute cholecystitis.MethodsThe medical records of patients admitted for acute calculous cholecystitis proven by pathological findings were collected between January 2007 and June 2008. Exclusion criteria included: acalculous cholecystitis, hepatobiliary malignancy, patients younger than 18 years and mortality unrelated to cholecystitis. A total of 235 patients were classified into three groups according to the severity grading in the Tokyo guidelines. Clinical characteristics among these patients were analyzed for comparison.ResultsAmong all diagnostic criteria, right upper quarter (RUQ) abdominal pain (97.9%) and thickened gallbladder wall (92.3%) had the highest sensitivity rates, whereas pericholecystic fluid collection (18.3%) and RUQ abdominal mass (0.8%) had the lowest sensitivity rates. Higher sensitivity rates of diagnostic criteria were related to severe cholecystitis, except for Murphy's sign and white blood cell (WBC) count. The presence of both RUQ abdominal pain and elevated C‐reactive protein (55.1%), or both RUQ abdominal pain and elevated WBC count (53.7%), accounted for the highest sensitivity rates in making the definite diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Seventeen patients (7.2%) without comparable typical image findings were prone to be afebrile and had normal C‐reactive protein values compared to those with typical image findings.ConclusionAmong all diagnostic criteria in the Tokyo guidelines for acute cholecystitis, RUQ abdominal pain and thickened gallbladder wall had the highest sensitivity rates, and RUQ abdominal mass had the lowest sensitivity rate. A combination of diagnostic criteria with different pathophysiologic findings, as noted in the Tokyo guidelines, can help clinicians make the correct diagnosis for patients with acute calculous cholecystitis.
Implications of head and neck cancer treatment failure in the neck
Authors: Deschamps David R. , Spencer Horace J. , Kokoska Mimi S. , Spring Paul M. , Vural Emre A. , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveStudy the survival of patients with cervical lymphatic squamous cell carcinoma recurrence.Study DesignReview of tumor registry database.SettingAcademic health science center.Subjects and MethodsForty‐seven isolated neck recurrence patients identified from 224 recurrences from a total of 1291 patients treated between 1998 and 2007. The main outcome measurements were neck lymph nodal recurrence, treatment‐specific survival, and overall survival.ResultsA total of 47 patients had neck recurrence; 10 of the neck recurrence patients (21.3%) had regional disease (N+) at initial presentation. Median survival for patients with neck recurrence was 14.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6‐18.1 mo), and five‐year survival for this group was five percent (95% CI 0%‐30%). Neck dissection salvage therapy for neck recurrence resulted in the best survival.ConclusionNeck dissection as a salvage therapy for neck recurrence resulted in the best survival, and there was no survival benefit in terms of whether a patient had a neck dissection or not as his or her initial therapy.
Iatrogenic esophageal perforation in patients with head and neck cancer: Evaluation of the SEER‐Medicare database
Authors: Ghogomu Nsangou T. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Nussenbaum Brian , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: April 2010

Objective1) Determine rate of iatrogenic esophageal perforation in head and neck cancer patients. 2) Identify risk factors for perforation. 3) Determine effect of perforation on mortality.Study DesignSecondary data analysis.SettingSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare–linked database.Subjects and MethodsPatients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract between January 1995 and December 2002 who underwent esophagoscopy were included. Primary outcome was the rate of iatrogenic esophageal perforation. Secondary outcomes included identification of risk factors for perforation and effect of perforation on mortality. Logistic regression analysis and the χ2 test were used to evaluate risk factors and 30‐day mortality.ResultsThere were 152 perforations in 126 patients, for a rate of 2.70 percent (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28‐3.20) per patient (n = 4659) and 1.44 percent (1.21‐1.67) per esophagoscopy (n = 10,529). Odds of perforation were increased in patients with cancer of the pharynx (odds ratio [OR] 4.49, 1.82‐11.08), pyriform sinus (OR 5.00, 2.10‐11.93), and larynx (OR 3.39, 1.57‐7.34), and those who underwent both surgery and radiation (OR 1.75, 11.12‐2.74). Each esophagoscopy increased odds of perforation by 22 percent (17‐28). Compared with diagnostic esophagoscopy, perforation was 2.9 times (1.77‐4.69) more likely when dilatation was performed. Thirty‐day postperforation mortality was 7.1 percent, a three percent absolute increase (−1.5 to 7.5) over the postesophagoscopy rate in patients without perforation.ConclusionHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients are a high‐risk population for iatrogenic pharyngoesophageal perforation. Perforation is related to esophagoscopy frequency and type, tumor location, and use of multimodality therapy.
Post‐tonsillectomy bleeding in children with von Willebrand disease: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Rodriguez Kenneth D. , Sun Gordon H. , Pike Francis , Mandel Ellen M. , Casselbrant Margaretha L. , Chi David H. 
Published: April 2010

Objectives1) Compare rates of post‐tonsillectomy bleeding in pediatric patients with and without von Willebrand disease (vWD). 2) Identify factors that may increase the risk for post‐tonsillectomy bleeding in children with and without vWD.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingTertiary care, university‐based pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsMedical records were examined for 99 patients with vWD and 99 patients without vWD younger than 18 years who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy from August 1997 to October 2005. Subjects were matched for age, year of surgery, type of surgery, and indication for surgery.ResultsPost‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage occurred in eight of 99 (8%) vWD patients and in six of 99 (6%) non‐vWD patients (P = 0.58, odds ratio 1.36, 95% CI 0.45‐4.08). A two‐sample test of proportions demonstrated lower and upper limits of −0.051 and 0.092. Four of eight children with vWD and two of six non‐vWD patients required surgical intervention for control of bleeding. Ninety‐three of 99 vWD patients received desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) preoperatively. In patients with vWD who responded to DDAVP challenge, there was no increased likelihood of post‐tonsillectomy bleeding compared with non‐vWD patients. No significant difference in the number of bleeding events was noted on the basis of demographics, preoperative laboratories, or use of aminocaproic acid.ConclusionChildren with vWD undergoing tonsillectomy have a postoperative bleeding rate similar to that of a matched group. However, the sample size was not sufficient to eliminate the possibility of a clinically important difference between the two groups.
NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS AND EXPANSIVE MAPPINGS ON THE UNIT SPHERES OF SOMEF-SPACES
Authors: TAN DONG-NI 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper gives a characterization of nonexpansive mappings from the unit sphere ofℓβ(Γ) onto the unit sphere ofℓβ(Δ) where 0<β≤1. By this result, we prove that such mappings are in fact isometries and give an affirmative answer to Tingley’s problem inℓβ(Γ) spaces. We also show that the same result holds for expansive mappings between unit spheres ofℓβ(Γ) spaces without the surjectivity assumption.
Primary small cell carcinoma of lacrimal sac: case report and literature review
Authors: Goto T , Bandoh N , Nagato T , Takahara M , Harabuchi Y , Tokusashi Y , Miyokawa N 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective:We present the first reported case of primary small cell carcinoma of the lacrimal sac.Case report:A 67-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our department with a two-month history of left medial canthal swelling, epiphora and occasional nasal bleeding. Nasal endoscopy revealed a readily bleeding tumour in the left inferior meatus. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated that the tumour was mainly located in the left lacrimal sac. Histopathological studies of a biopsy specimen revealed small cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with four cycles of chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide, in combination with radiotherapy. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis for five years.Conclusion:Small cell carcinoma originating in the head and neck region has been reported to be highly aggressive and to have a poor prognosis. We report a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the lacrimal sac successfully treated with chemo-radiotherapy.
The Long Road to Livorno: The Overland Messenger Services of the Dutch East India Company in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Barendse René J. 
Published: April 2010

The overland communications between Asia and Europe were of crucial importance to the economic and military survival of the East India companies. This applies equally to the English, French and Dutch East India companies - and even to the Portuguese empire.At some of the most crucial moments of its history, the very survival of the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC) depended on the thin thread connecting it overland to Europe. One of these crises occurred in the mid-seventeenth century when during the first Anglo-Dutch war, English fleets challenged Dutch naval supremacy in the Indian Ocean. Reflecting on the defeat of the British fleets and the near eradication of the English East India Company or EIC's naval presence there in 1654, the Dutch director of Surat commented: ‘We would never have gained such an easy victory if the English had reacted more promptly or had we not received warnings so promptly [tijdig].’ Similarly, the catastrophic defeat suffered at a later date by the French admiral De la Haye is normally attributed to De la Haye's hesitations. Yet is is doubtful whether the VOC would have been able ot assemble a fleet quickly enough to destroy De la Haye's fleet had the VOC not received messages overland.
IX. Asians Compared: Some Observations regarding Indian and Indonesian Indentured Labourers in Surinam, 1873-1939
Authors: Emmer P. C. 
Published: April 2010

The drive towards the abolition of the slave trade at the beginning of the 19th century was not effective until the 1850s. It was perhaps the only migratory intercontinental movement in history which came to a complete stop because of political pressures in spite of the fact that neither the supply nor the demand for African slaves had disappeared.Because of the continuing demand for bonded labour in some of the plantation areas in the New World (notably the Guiana's, Trinidad, Cuba and Brazil) and because of a new demand for bonded labour in the developing sugar and mining industries in Mauritius, Réunion, Queensland (Australia), Natal (South Africa), the Fiji-islands and Hawaii an international search for ‘newslaves’ started.
Maxims of Foreign Policy
Authors: Boot W.J. 
Published: April 2010

In the pre-modern period, Japanese identity was articulated in contrast with China. It was, however, articulated in reference to criteria that were commonly accepted in the whole East-Asian cultural sphere; criteria, therefore, that were Chinese in origin.One of the fields in which Japan's conception of a Japanese identity was enacted was that of foreign relations, i.e. of Japan's relations with China, the various kingdoms in Korea, and from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards, with the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutchmen, and the Kingdom of the Ryūkū.
Better Judges of the Situation: Environmental Realities & Problems of Imperial Authority in the Bay of Honduras
Authors: Anderson Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2010

In 1786, Britain and Spain concluded the Convention of London, a treaty renewing permission for Anglo woodcutters to cut timber within a designated area in the Bay of Honduras. In exchange, Britain affirmed once again Spain's sovereignty over this valuable section of the Central American coast. As a revision of several earlier treaties, this new agreement differed in that, while allowing mahogany cutting for the first time, it attempted to strictly define and limit the boundaries within which the woodcutters (or Baymen as they called themselves) could operate, and took decisive steps to restrict their settlement's expansion. While the two nations hailed the Convention as a welcome bilateral solution to a long-standing inter-imperial conflict, many of the Baymen, especially members of the local white oligarchy, reviled the outcome. In a memorial to George III, the treaty's critics in the Bay dismissed it as the misguided product of presumptuous diplomats:[T]he court of Madrid may amuse the court of London, with the number of miles and leagues which have been ceded to […] the British Settlement as long as the court of London is pleased to be amused with it. But […] your Memorialists with infinite respect to the superior Abilities and Knowledge and Wisdom of both Courts, most humbly pretend to be better Wood-cutters and better judges of the Soil, the Situation, and the Trees […] than all the courts of Europe […] They speak, and have always spoken, from their Knowledge and Experience.
Malay Documents In The Melaka Records in the British Library
Authors: Gallop Annabel Teh 
Published: April 2010

In 1964 F.R.J. Verhoeven, then Director General of the National Archives of Malaysia, wrote an article entitled ‘The lost archives of Dutch Malacca’ in which he lamented the apparent disappearance of the c. 2,000 volumes of records which he estimated must have been produced during the Dutch administration of Melaka from 1641 to 1824. Apart from 150 volumes in the National Archives of Indonesia in Jakarta, some fifteen volumes of Church registers now in the National Archives of Malaysia, and a small number of records in The Hague and elsewhere, nothing was known to have survived. It was only with the publication in 1983 of Ian Baxter' listing of series R/9 in the India Office Records that it became widely known that a portion of the archives had been shipped to London early in the twentieth century:The records of the Malacca Orphan Chamber and Court of Justice, R/9, occupy 44 feet of shelving (ninety-eight boxes) at the India Office Records in London. They were donated by the Government of the Straits Settlements to the India Office in June 1927, after lying, neglected, for many years in the basement of the Court House at Malacca. It is only recently (1981) that they have been completely sorted and listed. They comprise thirty-six boxes of Orphan Chamber records, fifty-four boxes of records of the College of Justice, one box of records of the Political Council and seven boxes of miscellanea. For the most part the records are written in Dutch and although they extend in date from 1685 to 1835 the bulk of them relate to the period 1785–1825, i.e. the last years of the Dutch East India Company's administration, the British occupation of 1795–1818 and the second Dutch administration of 1818–25.